bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen response functions targeted to technology extrapolation domains in Ethiopia using CERES‐maize
Authors: Liben F. M. , Wortmann C. S. , Yang H. , Tadesse T. , Stewart Z. P. , Wegary D. , Mupangwa W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe profitability of fertilizer‐N use can be optimized using N response functions specific to climate‐based technology extrapolation domains (TED). Crop growth simulation can complement field research for targeting of response functions. The objective of this study was to target maize (Zea mays L.) N response functions to seven TED in Ethiopia through CERES‐Maize simulation of continuous maize over 30 yr. The complete factorial set of treatments included seven levels of N in 25 kg ha−1 increments under no‐till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. The CERES‐Maize simulated experiments were done for two or three sites per TED. Nitrogen response functions were generated for each TED with tillage‐specific functions for three TED with tillage × N interactions. The N rate responses for all TED fit curvilinear to plateau functions but with differing magnitudes and shapes of response. The mean yield with NT was 6% less than with CT, but the difference declined with increased N rate. The economically optimum N rate (EONR) ranged from 65 to 179 and 103 to 243 kg ha−1 for high and low‐cost fertilizer‐N, respectively. The EONR was 6% less and the profit cost ratio was 11% higher with CT compared to NT, indicating greater fertilizer‐N need with NT than with CT. The application of N for maize was highly profitable for all TED. The EONR from CERES‐Maize were higher than past field research results. This suggests that the CERES‐Maize N response functions were most appropriate for well‐managed crop production situations in Ethiopia.
FAU zeolite membranes for dewatering of amine‐based post‐combustion CO2 capture solutions
Authors: Zhu Feng , Landon James , Liu Kunlei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn amine‐based CO2 capture processes, aqueous amine solvent is circulated between absorber (CO2 absorption) and stripping (solvent regeneration) columns. To reduce solvent regeneration energy demand, a selective membrane can dewater and enrich the CO2 concentration in solution prior to the stripper, lowering steam requirements for solution heating. In this work, a facile synthesis strategy was developed to prepare faujasite (FAU) zeolite membranes built upon polydopamine (PDA) modified α‐Al2O3 substrates. PDA facilitated the attachment of zeolite phases onto the substrate surface to form a 3 μm membrane layer. Membrane permeation flux of 4.45 kg m−2 h−1 and 95% rejection rate calculated by either CO2 loading or total alkalinity was achieved in dewatering of CO2 loaded 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. The effects of temperature on membrane dewatering performance and stability were investigated. This study highlights the potential for process integration of membrane technology in amine‐based post‐combustion CO2 capture operations.
The APOE ε4 exerts differential effects on familial and other subtypes of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jia Longfei , Xu Hui , Chen Shuoqi , Wang Xiu , Yang Jianwei , Gong Min , Wei Cuibai , Tang Yi , Qu Qiumin , Chu Lan , Shen Lu , Zhou Chunkui , Wang Qi , Zhao Tan , Zhou Aihong , Li Ying , Li Fangyu , Li Yan , Jin Hongmei , Qin Qi , Jiao Haishan , Li Yan , Zhang Heng , Lyu Diyang , Shi Yuqing , Song Yang , Jia Jianping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe genetic risk effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) with or without gene mutations, sporadic AD (SAD), and normal controls (NC) remain unclear in the Chinese population.MethodsIn total, 15 119 subjects, including 311 FAD patients without PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, TREM2, and SORL1 pathogenic mutations (FAD [unknown]); 126 FAD patients with PSENs/APP mutations (FAD [PSENs/APP]); 7234 SAD patients; and 7448 NC were enrolled. The risk effects of APOE ε4 were analyzed across groups.ResultsThe prevalence of the APOE ε4 genotype in FAD (unknown), FAD (PSENs/APP), SAD, and NC groups was 56.27%, 26.19%, 36.23%, and 19.54%, respectively. Further, the APOE ε4 positive genotype had predictive power for FAD (unknown) risk (odds ratio: 4.51, 95% confidence interval: 3.57–5.45, P < .001).DiscussionAPOE ε4 positive genotype may cause familial aggregation, and the investigation of multiple interventions targeting APOE pathological function to reduce the risk for this disease warrants attention.
Effects of bilingualism on age at onset in two clinical Alzheimer's disease variants
Authors: de Leon Jessica , Grasso Stephanie M. , Welch Ariane , Miller Zachary , Shwe Wendy , Rabinovici Gil D. , Miller Bruce L. , Henry Maya L. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe effect of bilingualism on age at onset has yet to be examined within different clinical variants of Alzheimer's disease.MethodsWe reviewed the research charts of 287 well‐characterized participants with either amnestic Alzheimer's dementia or logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) and identified bilingual speakers based on regular use of two or more languages and/or ability to communicate with native speakers in two or more languages. We evaluated whether bilingual speakers demonstrated a delay in age of symptom onset relative to monolingual speakers while controlling for other variables known to influence cognitive reserve.ResultsA 5‐year delay in age at symptom onset was observed for bilingual relative to monolingual speakers with lvPPA. This delay in onset was not observed in the amnestic Alzheimer's dementia cohort.DiscussionBilingualism may serve as a unique cognitive reserve variable in lvPPA, but not in amnestic Alzheimer's dementia.
Molekulare Vanadiumoxide für Energiewandlung und Energiespeicherung: Derzeitige Trends und zukünftige Möglichkeiten
Authors: Anjass Montaha , Lowe Grace A. , Streb Carsten 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMolekulare Vanadiumoxide, Polyoxovanadate (POVs), wurden vor kurzem als eine neue Klasse molekularer Materialien zur Energiewandlung/‐speicherung entdeckt. Sie kombinieren vielseitige, chemisch einstellbare Redoxaktivität mit reversibler Mehrelektronen‐Speicherfähigkeit. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert gegenwärtige Herausforderungen, signifikante Durchbrüche und zukünftige Möglichkeiten für die Verwendung von POVs zur Energiewandlung und ‐speicherung. Die Reaktivität, Vorteile und Limitationen von POVs werden diskutiert, mit Schwerpunkt auf ihrem Einsatz in Lithium‐ und Post‐Lithium‐Ionenbatterien, Redoxflussbatterien und der lichtgetriebenen Energiewandlung. Neu entstandene Themen und neuartige Forschungsrichtungen werden kritisch beurteilt, um Inspiration für den Einsatz dieser vielversprechenden Materialklasse zur Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger Energietechnologien zu liefern.
Sex Differences in Social Participation of High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: DaWalt Leann Smith , Taylor Julie Lounds , Bishop Somer , Hall Laura J. , Steinbrenner Jessica Dykstra , Kraemer Bonnie , Hume Kara A. , Odom Samuel L. 
Published: September 2020

There is lack of consensus in the literature regarding sex differences in social outcomes for individuals on the autism spectrum. Furthermore, little research has focused on the social experiences of high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the school day. Using a large racially/ethnically diverse sample of high school students with ASD receiving special education services (n = 547; 76 females, 471 males), we examined sex differences in social interactions of youth both during and after school. We also tested for sex differences in background and phenotypic characteristics including autism severity, IQ, adaptive behavior, and mental health. Results indicated few statistically significant differences between males and females in social interactions and phenotypic characteristics (including raw scores of autism symptom severity). However, analysis of standardized scores of autism symptoms suggested that symptom scores for females with ASD diverged more from same‐sex peers in the normed sample than scores of males with ASD. Lack of sex difference in social participation for youth with ASD in this study stands in contrast to patterns of sex differences in the general population. Findings suggest that few differences between males and females with ASD, both in social participation and autism symptom severity, might result in females with ASD being more dissimilar to their same‐sex peers than males with ASD. Implications of findings for understanding sex differences in ASD across the life course are discussed.Lay SummaryThe present study examined sex differences in social participation in a large, diverse sample of high school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Males and females were very similar in their social interactions both at school and outside of school, based on reports by teachers and parents. Level of autism symptoms was also similar for males and females. However, standardized scores of autism symptoms, which take into account age and sex specific norms, suggested that females with ASD may have behaviors that are more divergent from their same‐sex peers than males with ASD.
Individuals With Autism Have No Detectable Deficit in Neural Markers of Prediction Error When Presented With Auditory Rhythms of Varied Temporal Complexity
Authors: Knight Emily J. , Oakes Leona , Hyman Susan L. , Freedman Edward G. , Foxe John J. 
Published: September 2020

The brain's ability to encode temporal patterns and predict upcoming events is critical for speech perception and other aspects of social communication. Deficits in predictive coding may contribute to difficulties with social communication and overreliance on repetitive predictable environments in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a mismatch negativity (MMN) task involving rhythmic tone sequences of varying complexity, we tested the hypotheses that (1) individuals with ASD have reduced MMN response to auditory stimuli that deviate in presentation timing from expected patterns, particularly as pattern complexity increases and (2) amplitude of MMN signal is inversely correlated with level of impairment in social communication and repetitive behaviors. Electroencephalography was acquired as individuals (age 6–21 years) listened to repeated five‐rhythm tones that varied in the Shannon entropy of the rhythm across three conditions (zero, medium‐1 bit, and high‐2 bit entropy). The majority of the tones conformed to the established rhythm (standard tones); occasionally the fourth tone was temporally shifted relative to its expected time of occurrence (deviant tones). Social communication and repetitive behaviors were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale and Repetitive Behavior Scale‐Revised. Both neurotypical controls (n = 19) and individuals with ASD (n = 21) show stepwise decreases in MMN as a function of increasing entropy. Contrary to the result forecasted by a predictive coding hypothesis, individuals with ASD do not differ from controls in these neural mechanisms of prediction error to auditory rhythms of varied temporal complexity, and there is no relationship between these signals and social communication or repetitive behavior measures.Lay summaryWe tested the idea that the brain's ability to use previous experience to influence processing of sounds is weaker in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) than in neurotypical individuals. We found no difference between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in brain wave responses to sounds that occurred earlier than expected in either simple or complex rhythms. There was also no relationship between these brain waves and social communication or repetitive behavior scores.
Atypical Perception of Sounds in Minimally and Low Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism as Revealed by Behavioral and Neural Measures
Authors: Schwartz Sophie , Wang Le , Shinn‐Cunningham Barbara G. , Tager‐Flusberg Helen 
Published: September 2020

The common display of atypical behavioral responses to sounds by individuals with autism (ASD) suggests that they process sounds differently. Within ASD, individuals who are minimally or low verbal (ASD‐MLV) are suspected to have greater auditory processing impairments. However, it is unknown whether atypical auditory behaviors are related to receptive language and/or neural processing of sounds in ASD‐MLV. In Experiment 1, we compared the percentage of time 47 ASD‐MLV and 36 verbally fluent (ASD‐V) participants, aged 5–21, displayed atypical auditory or visual sensory behaviors during the administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). In Experiment 2, we tested whether atypical auditory behaviors were more frequent in ASD‐MLV participants with receptive language deficits. In Experiment 3, we tested whether atypical auditory behaviors correlated with neural indices of sensitivity to perceptual sound differences as measured by the amplitude of neural responses to nonspeech intensity deviants. We found that ASD‐MLV participants engaged in atypical auditory behaviors more often than ASD‐V participants; in contrast, the incidence of atypical visual behaviors did not differ between the groups. Lower receptive language skills in the ASD‐MLV group were predicted by greater incidence of atypical auditory behaviors. Exploratory analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between the amount of atypical auditory behaviors and the amplitude of neural response to deviants. Future work is needed to elucidate whether the relationship between atypical auditory behaviors and receptive language impairments in ASD‐MLV individuals results from disruptions in the brain mechanisms involved in auditory processing.Lay SummaryMinimally and low verbal children and adolescents with autism (ASD‐MLV) displayed more atypical auditory behaviors (e.g., ear covering and humming) than verbally fluent participants with ASD. In ASD‐MLV participants, time spent exhibiting such behaviors was associated with receptive vocabulary deficits and weaker neural responses to changes in sound loudness. Findings suggest that individuals with ASD with both severe expressive and receptive language impairments process sounds differently. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1718–1729. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Relationship Between the Performance of Self‐Care and Visual Perception Among Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typical Developing Children
Authors: Chi I‐Jou , Lin Ling‐Yi 
Published: September 2020

Studies investigating the performance of self‐care and visual perception in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are limited. The relationship between self‐care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD is not yet clearly understood. Here, self‐care performance was evaluated by the caregivers and therapists of children with ASD. The differences in self‐care performance and visual perception ability were investigated in 66 children with ASD and 66 typically developing (TD) children between the ages of 48–83 months. The relationships between self‐care and visual perception were tested in both two groups. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and the Chinese version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI‐C) were used to assess the children's self‐care performance. The Test of Visual Perceptual Skills‐Third Edition (TVPS‐3) and the Developmental Test of Visual Perception‐Third Edition (DTVP‐3) were used to evaluate visual perception ability. Young children with ASD obtained significantly lower scores for self‐care performance (AMPS and PEDI‐C) and visual perception ability (TVPS‐3 and DTVP) compared with TD children. Additionally, positive correlations were found between self‐care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD. The results provide a valuable contribution to our understanding about self‐care and visual perception performance of young children with ASD. The findings of this research highlight the need for pediatric practitioners to include self‐care and visual‐motor integration evaluations for young children with ASD.Lay SummaryYoung children with ASD obtained significantly lower scores for self‐care performance and visual perception ability compared with TD children. Positive correlations were found between self‐care performance and visual perception ability in young children with ASD. The results provide a valuable contribution to our understanding about self‐care and visual perception performance of young children with ASD.
Tergal Gland Secretion of the Rove Beetle Aleochara pseudochrysorrhoa (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae): Chemical Composition and Biological Roles
Authors: da Silva Maycon R. , Vidal Diogo M. , Figueiredo Leonardo , Bandeira Pamela T. , Bergmann Jan , Zarbin Paulo H. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAleochara pseudochrysorrhoa has a glandular complex known as the tergal gland. Generally, the tergal gland secretion (TGS) has been described to have defensive function, but some reports point to a possible secondary function of this complex. For example, the TGS of the related species A. curtula has been demonstrated to possess an important role in intraspecies communication. In this work, we describe the chemical composition of the TGS of A. pseudochrysorrhoa males and females. Eleven compounds were identified based on GC/MS and GC‐FT‐IR analyses, retention indexes and derivatization products. Furthermore, a brief study regarding the biological function of the TGS in mating behavior is provided, in which the stimulation of male grasping response reaction by female TGS proved to be dependent on concentration.
Association between distance from the radiation source and radiation exposure: A phantom‐based study
Authors: Pancholy Samir B. , Payne Michael , Pancholy Pariseema S. , Patel Gaurav A. , Patel Saurabh , Shah Sanjay C. , Kaul Prashant , Pancholy Shivam A. , Patel Tejas M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe study evaluated the association between distance from radiation source and radiation exposure.BackgroundRadiation exposure during medical procedures is associated with increased risk of cancer and other adverse effects.MethodsAn American National Standards Institute phantom was used to study the relationship between measured entrance surface exposure (MESE) and distance from the X‐ray source in postero‐anterior, left anterior oblique, and right anterior oblique projections. Three distance settings for table height were evaluated with “low” defined as 52 cm, “mid” 66 cm, and “high” 80 cm from the focal point of the X‐ray source. Air‐kerma and dose‐area product measurements were recorded. Operator exposure with each of these conditions was measured, in a short operator (150 cm) as well as in a tall operator (190 cm).ResultsAggregate results for the three projections were as follows. MESE (μGy/frame) significantly decreased as table‐height increases (median, interquartile range, p‐value) (low table‐height 192.5 [122.4–201.2], mid table‐height 105.8 [82.7–115.8], and high table‐height 71.7 [58.4–75], p < .0005). The operator exposure (μGy/frame), significantly increased as the table‐height increased (low table‐height 0.0943 [0.0598–0.1157], medium table‐height 0.1128 [0.0919–0.1397], and high table‐height 0.158 [0.1339–0.2165], p < .0005). A shorter operator received higher radiation exposure compared to a taller operator (short operator 0.1405 [0.1155–0.1758] and tall operator 0.0995 [0.0798–0.1212], p < .0005).ConclusionsIncreasing table‐height is associated with a significant decrease in MESE. Operator radiation exposure increases with increasing table‐height and shorter operators receive greater radiation exposure compared to taller operators.
EFMC, Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology in Europe
Authors: Auberson Yves P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article is a reflection on the development of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology in Europe, and how the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) helps the scientific community address its changing scope in a proactive manner. Networking, knowledge exchange and representation, as well as the acceptance and integration of novel scientific developments, are keys to a healthy and dynamic scientific community. This article also reviews some of the forces that shape the medicinal chemistry and chemical biology continuum, including cross‐fertilization, digitalization, and the outsourcing of synthetic and characterization work to focus on productivity and scientific excellence.
The European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) Best Practice Initiative: Validating Chemical Probes
Authors: Quancard Jean , Cox Brian , Finsinger Dirk , Guéret Stéphanie M. , Hartung Ingo V. , Koolman Hannes F. , Messinger Josef , Sbardella Gianluca , Laufer Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs part of an initiative aimed to share best practices in Medicinal Chemistry, the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) is preparing a series of webinars and slide sets focused on the early phase of drug discovery. This educational material is freely accessible through the EFMC. The main target audiences are students or early career scientists and we also believe it will be valuable for experienced practitioners. The first of the series is focused on the generation and validation of high‐quality chemical probes, which are critical for drug discovery and more broadly to further our understanding of human biology and disease.
Magnetic nanofibers based bandage for skin cancer treatment: a non‐invasive hyperthermia therapy
Authors: Suneet Kaushik , De Tamasa , Rangarajan Annapoorni , Jain Shilpee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of non‐melanoma skin cancer and deadliest malignant melanoma skin cancer are the fifth and ninth most expensive treatments in Medicare, respectively. Moreover, the recurrence of cancer after currently available therapies, that is, surgery or radiotherapy, reduces the patient's life expectancy.AimsIn view of this, we fabricated magnetic nanofibrous mat‐based bandage to treat skin cancer non‐invasively using an external alternating current (AC) magnetic field induced hyperthermia.MethodsThe Fe3O4 nanoparticles incorporated polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers based bandages were fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The efficacy of the bandage was investigated in vitro using parental/doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox)‐resistant HeLa cells and in vivo using BALB/c mouse model in the presence of an external AC magnetic field (AMF).ResultsThe PCL‐Fe3O4 fibrous mat‐based bandages dissipate heat energy locally on the application of an external AMF and increase the surrounding temperature in a controlled way up to 45°C in a few mins. The in vitro study confirms the elevated temperature could kill parental and Dox‐resistant HeLa cells significantly. As the activity of Dox enhanced at a higher temperatures, more than 85% of parental HeLa cells were dead when cells incubated with Dox contained fibrous mat in the presence of AMF for 10 minutes. Further, we confirm the full recovery of chemically induced skin tumors on BALB/c mice within a month after five hyperthermic doses for 15 minutes. Also, there was no sign of inflammation and recurrence of cancer post‐therapy.ConclusionThe present study confirms the PCL‐Fe3O4 nanofibrous based bandages are unique and compelling to treat skin cancer.