bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of the fibre dispersion contribution in the pulse propagation problem
Authors: Ibarra-Villalon H E , Pottiez O , Gómez-Vieyra A , Lauterio-Cruz J P , Bracamontes-Rodriguez Y E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work explains in detail the role of the dispersion contribution provided by a single-mode optical fibre (SMF) in the pulse propagation problem modelled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Firstly, the basics of chromatic dispersion in fibre are presented, including a modified Sellmeier equation for representing the dispersion contribution of the fibre core material (in an illustrative case of fused silica doped with germanium dioxide) that is modified by the waveguide dispersion contribution. At the same time, the contribution of the second-, third- and fourth-order dispersion parameters are illustrated for a SMF. Finally, a numerical analysis of the propagation problem is presented in order to understand the dispersion effects for a sech2 pulse profile, as well as the interplay of its contribution with the nonlinear Kerr effect, which is also involved in the pulse propagation. For a better understanding of the numerical methods applied to develop the propagation problem, we include a guide detailing the stages to follow in the numerical approach, considering how to select the initial parameters as well as the iterative steps of the numerical method.
Influence of superconductivity on the magnetic moment of quantum impurity embedded in BCS superconductor
Authors: Verma Sachin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the influence of superconductivity on the formation of the localized magnetic moment for a single-level quantum impurity embedded in an s-wave Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) superconducting medium, modeled by single-impurity Anderson Hamiltonian. We have combined Bogoliubov transformation with Green’s function method within self-consistent Hartree–Fock mean field approximation to analyze the conditions necessary in metal (in the superconducting) for the formation of the magnetic moment at the impurity site for the low-frequency limit |ω| ≪ Δsc as well as for the finite superconducting gap Δsc. We have compared these results with other theoretical results and with the single-level quantum impurity embedded in the normal metallic host. Further, we analyze the spectral density of the quantum impurity embedded in a superconducting host to study the sub-gap states as a function of impurity parameters.
The effect of catalytic copper pretreatments on CVD graphene growth at different stages
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Ru-Jing , Zhen Zhen , Xu Zhen-Hua , Mu Ren-De , He Li-Min 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The controllable synthesis of high-quality and large-area graphene by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) remains a challenge nowadays. The massive grain boundaries in graphene grown on polycrystalline Cu by CVD significantly reduce its carrier mobility, limiting its application in high-performance electronic devices. Here, we confirm that the synergetic pretreatment of Cu with electropolishing and surface oxidation is a more efficient way to further suppress the graphene nucleation density (GND) and to accelerate the growth rate of the graphene domain by CVD. With increasing the growth time, we found that the increasing amount of GND and growth rate of the graphene domain were both decreasing during the whole CVD process when the Cu surface was not oxidized. By contrast, they kept growing over time when the Cu surface was pre-oxidized, which suggested that the change trends of the effects on the GND and growth rate between the Cu surface morphology and oxygen were opposite in the CVD process. In addition, not only the domain shape, but the number of graphene domain layers were impacted as well, and a large number of irregular ellipse graphene wafers with dendritic multilayer emerged when the Cu surface was oxidized.
Optimal measurement preserving qubit channels
Authors: Kechrimparis Spiros , Bae Joonwoo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider the problem of discriminating qubit states that are sent over a quantum channel and derive a necessary and sufficient condition for an optimal measurement to be preserved by the channel. We apply the result to the characterization of optimal measurement preserving (OMP) channels for a given qubit ensemble, e.g., a set of two states or a set of multiple qubit states with equal a priori probabilities. Conversely, we also characterize qubit ensembles for which a given channel is OMP, such as unitary and depolarization channels. Finally, we show how the sets of OMP channels for a given ensemble can be constructed.
Narrowband direction-sensitive efficient terahertz emitter
Authors: Hamam R , Sabbah Ali J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The spectral and directional control of infrared radiation promises advances in various applications ranging from thermography, to thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion, to infrared spectroscopy, camouflage, and radiative cooling, etc. In this manuscript, we propose a design concept for an efficient narrowband direction-sensitive mid-infrared absorber/emitter based on the enhanced infrared absorption at the optical phonon frequency of a dielectric material and at the photonic bandgap edge of a photonic crystal composed of it. We demonstrate this design by using realistic material parameters in numerical finite element simulations of Maxwell’s equations, and we indicate how such a design could be adjusted to operate at other mid-infrared frequencies.
Metrological approach of γ-emitting radionuclides identification at low statistics: application of sparse spectral unmixing to scintillation detectors
Authors: André Rémi , Bobin Christophe , Bobin Jérôme , Xu Jiaxin , de Vismes Ott Anne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a metrological approach of spectral unmixing for automatic identification and quantitative analysis of γ-emitting radionuclides in natural background radiation at low statistics. Based on full-spectrum analysis, the proposed method relies on the maximum likelihood estimation based on Poisson statistics that accounts for the spectral signatures of the γ-emitters to be identified and natural background. In order to obtain robust decision-making at low statistics, a sparsity constraint is implemented along with counting estimation given by spectral unmixing. In contrast with the standard approach, this technique relies on a single decision threshold applied for a likelihood ratio test. Standard deviations on estimated counting are determined using the Fisher information matrix. The robustness of decision-making and counting estimation was investigated by means of Monte Carlo calculations based on experimental spectral signatures of two types of scintillation detectors [NaI(Tl), plastic]. This study demonstrates that sparse spectral unmixing is a reliable method for γ-spectra analysis based on low-level measurements. The sparsity constraint acts as an efficient technique for decision-making in the case of complex mixtures of γ-emitters with significant contribution of natural background. This method also yields unbiased counting estimation related to the identified radionuclides. Reliable assessment of standard deviations are obtained and the Gaussian approximation of the coverage intervals is validated. The proposed method can be applied either by non-expert users for automatic analysis of γ-spectra or to help experts in decision-making in the case of complex mixtures of γ-emitters at low statistics.
Experimental observation of low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic instabilities driven by energetic electrons in low hybrid current drive plasmas
Authors: Yu L.M. , Chen W. , Shi Z.B. , Wang T.B. , Ding X.T. , Ji X.Q. , Ma R.R. , Shi P.W. , Bai X.Y. , Li J.X. , Yuan B.S. , Li Y.G. , Yang Z.C. , Zhang Y.P. , Ma Rui , Song X.M. , Lu B. , Dong J.Q. , Zhong W.L. , Liu Yi , Yan L.W. , Yang Q.W. , Xu M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Energetic electrons driving low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, e.g., electron fishbone (eFB) modes and electron beta-induced Alfvén eigenmodes (eBAEs), are found in co- and counter-current drive low hybrid current drive (LHCD) plasma in HL-2A, respectively. The eBAEs are found in LHCD plasma for the first time. Two branches eFB modes are observed in the core of plasma, and they can transit from the high-frequency one to the low-frequency one continuously. The different mode structures and positions are obtained by tomography of soft x-ray arrays. The frequency jump phenomena of eFB modes are also found. Two eBAEs, with poloidal and toroidal mode numbers m/n = 3/1 and 5/2, are found in the edge of the plasma. The single m/n = 3/1 mode is found when the LHCD power (P
LHCD) is 0.44    MW. The strong m/n = 5/2 mode coexists with the weak 3/1 mode when P
LHCD = 0.52   MW. Although the current drive direction of LHCD is opposite to the plasma current, the two eBAEs also propagate in the electron diamagnetic drift direction poloidally, which is the same direction as the eFB modes in co-current drive LHCD plasma. With increasing P
LHCD (or changed current profile), the value of the edge safety factor (q) decreases. The evolutions of the mode numbers of eBAEs may be related to changes in the edge q factors.
Influence of the electromagnetic fields on hadronic observables in proton-induced collisions
Authors: Oliva L. , Moreau P. , Voronyuk V. , Bratkovskaya E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We investigate proton-gold collisions at top RHIC energy

S
N
N

=
200

GeV within the Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) approach, focusing on the influence of the electromagnetic fields on final hadronic observable. We discuss the space-time distribution of the magnetic and electric field components, showing that the electric field Ex along the impact parameter direction is comparable in magnitude to the magnetic field By
perpendicular to the reaction plane. We discuss the effect of these fields on the directed flow υ1
of pions and kaons. While there is no visible effect of electromagnetic fields in 5% central collisions, the result for collisions at fixed impact parameter clearly indicates an electromagnetically-induced splitting in the v1 of positively and negatively charged mesons; the effect, driven by the huge Ex component, is larger for kaons than to pions and increases with the impact parameter of the collision.
Chemical freeze-out conditions from net-kaon fluctuations at RHIC
Authors: Stafford J M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We compare the mean-over-variance ratio of the net-kaon distribution calculated within a state-of-the-art hadron resonance gas model to the latest experimental data from the Beam Energy Scan at RHIC by the STAR collaboration. Our analysis indicates that it is not possible to reproduce the experimental results using the freeze-out parameters from the existing combined fit of net-proton and net-electric charge mean-over-variance. The strange mesons need about 10-15 MeV higher temperatures than the light hadrons at the highest collision energies. In view of the ongoing lambda fluctuation measurements, we predict the net-lambda variance-over-mean at the light and strange chemical freeze-out parameters. We observe that the lambda fluctuations are sensitive to the difference in the freeze-out temperatures established in this analysis. Our results have implications for other phenomenological models in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Aspects of isentropic trajectories in chiral effective models
Authors: Stiele Rainer , Alberico Wanda Maria , Beraudo Andrea , Pereira Renan Câmara , Costa Pedro , Hansen Hubert , Motta Mario 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The evolution of the fireball in heavy ion collisions is an isentropic process, meaning that it follows a trajectory of constant entropy per baryon in the phase diagram of the strong interaction. The collective acceleration of the system is determined by the speed of sound, while fluctuations of conserved charges are encoded in quark-number susceptibilities: together, they leave their imprint in final observables. Here, this isentropic evolution will be analysed within chiral effective models that account for both chiral and center symmetry breaking, two central aspects of QCD. Our discussion focusses on the impact on the isentropic trajectories of the treatment of high-momentum modes, of the meson contribution to thermodynamics and of the number of quark flavours.
XYZ states in BESIII
Authors: Yan Liang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Since the first XYZ particle X(3872) was observed in 2003, many exotic states have been found by spectroscopy studies in beauty and charm sectors. In this paper, the latest XYZ results obtained by BESIII are reviewed, mainly including X(3872), Y(4260), Y(4660), Zc
(3900) and Zc
(4020). The spin parties of Zc(3900) have been studied. The comparison between different final states in Y states which are helpful to understand the nature of XYZ particles has been done.
Disentangling the influence of taxa, behaviour and debris ingestion on seabird mortality
Authors: Roman Lauren , Hardesty Britta Denise , Hindell Mark A , Wilcox Chris 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Marine debris is a growing threat to hundreds of marine animal species. To understand the consequences of marine debris to wildlife populations, studies must go beyond reporting the incidence of wildlife and debris interactions and aim to quantify the harm resulting from these interactions. Tubenosed seabirds are globally threatened, with a near universal risk of debris ingestion and an unquantified risk of mortality due to eating plastics. In this paper, we explore the mortality risk narrative due to the acute effects of debris ingestion, and quantify behavioural and ecological factors including age, diet and foraging method. We examined ingested debris loads, types and mortality of 972 adult and immature seabirds across 17 albatross, shearwater and prion species in a global seabird biodiversity hotspot. Though age and foraging method interact to influence the incidence and number of items ingested, age and diet were the most important factors influencing mortality. Mortality is influenced by debris load and type of debris ingested and there is selectivity for items that visually resemble a seabird’s prey. Immature birds that forage on cephalopods are more likely to ingest and die from eating debris than are adults. Conversely, the risk of death to seabirds that forage on crustaceans is linked to the number of plastic items ingested and is higher in adults. Debris ingestion is an under-recognised cause of tubenose mortality and is likely negatively affecting rare and threatened species.
Reconfigurable metasurfaces with mechanical actuations: towards flexible and tunable photonic devices
Authors: Guanxing Zang , Liu Ziji , Deng Wenjun , Zhu Weiming 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Flexible and tunable devices have, for decades, been the subject of many research areas, including, integrated systems, flexible electronics and photonics, which are calling for advanced properties of materials. Metasurfaces with designable optical properties have now been intensively studied for flexible photonic devices. Enabled by microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfluidic technologies, reconfigurable metasurfaces base on mechanical actuations offer new approaches for flexible and tunable devices. In this view, we introduce metasurfaces based on MEMS actuations, droplets arrays, flexible substrates and microfluidic systems together with their applications on flexible and tunable devices.
Spatiotemporal solitons in dispersion-managed multimode fibers
Authors: Mayteevarunyoo Thawatchai , Malomed Boris A , Skryabin Dmitry V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We develop the scheme of dispersion management (DM) for three-dimensional (3D) solitons in a multimode optical fiber. It is modeled by the parabolic confining potential acting in the transverse plane in combination with the cubic self-focusing. The DM map is adopted in the form of alternating segments with anomalous and normal group-velocity dispersion. Previously, temporal DM solitons were studied in detail in single-mode fibers, and some solutions for 2D spatiotemporal ‘light bullets’, stabilized by DM, were found in the model of a planar waveguide. By means of numerical methods, we demonstrate that stability of the 3D spatiotemporal solitons is determined by the usual DM-strength parameter, S: they are quasi-stable at

S
<

S

0

≈
0.93

, and completely stable at

S
>

S

0

. Stable vortex solitons are constructed too. We also consider collisions between the 3D solitons, in both axial and transverse directions. The interactions are quasi-elastic, including periodic collisions between solitons which perform shuttle motion in the transverse plane.
Hidden IgG4-Related Coronary Disease
Authors: Ramdin Namita , Orde Matthew , O’Neill Siobhán B , Lai Chi , Pors Jennifer D , Multan Michael , Chen Luke Y C , Carruthers Mollie N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
We present a full autopsy with a focused radiology and pathologic review of the coronary arteries. We hope that the results described in this article will help create better diagnostic measures and prevent future coronary artery vasculitis misdiagnosis.

Methods
A full autopsy was performed on the body of Dr Myung Choong Yoon, with full consent from the family, within the department of pathology and laboratory medicine at Vancouver General Hospital. Tissue samples from the heart, brain, lungs, and spinal cord were submitted to specialist pathologists for histologic processing.

Results
Cardiac gated computed tomography coronary angiography suggested periarteritis. Coexistent calcified coronary atherosclerosis with linear calcifications was present along the luminal wall, along with coronary artery ectasia. Histologic assessment confirmed features of dense adventitial fibrosis around the coronary arteries, with an exuberant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and numerous plasma cells consistent with IgG4-related disease. The media of the coronary arteries was markedly attenuated or completely absent, which likely contributed to the coronary arterial ectasia noted microscopically. These findings confirmed IgG4-related coronary arteritis.

Conclusions
Coronary periarteritis is an uncommon manifestation of IgG4-related disease established radiographically and later by autopsy.
Support for Alcohol Policies in Marginalized Populations
Authors: Trangenstein Pamela J , Mulia Nina , Lui Camillia K , Karriker-Jaffe Katherine J , Greenfield Thomas K , Jones-Webb Rhonda 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aim
Kingdon [(2014) Agendas, Alternatives, and Public Policies. Essex. United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited] argues that windows of opportunity to pass policies emerge when problems, solutions and policy support co-occur. This study aims to identify a set of alcohol policies with the potential to reduce alcohol-related disparities given high levels of support from marginalized groups, such as racial/ethnic minorities and lower-income groups.

Methods
This study used data from five US National Alcohol Surveys, which were based on household probability samples of adults in 1995 (n = 4243), 2000 (n = 5736), 2005 (n = 1445), 2010 (n = 4164) and 2015 (n = 4041). We used multiple logistic regression to determine the odds of policy support by racial/ethnic group and income level, considering price, place and marketing policies as well as individual-level interventions.

Results
Overall a majority of Americans supported banning alcohol sales in corner stores (59.4%), banning alcohol advertisements on television (55.5%), and establishing universal health coverage for alcohol treatment (80.0%). Support was particularly high among Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos and lower-income persons. Multivariate models showed that compared with White people, foreign-born Hispanics/Latinos had the most robust levels of support, including raising alcohol taxes (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 2.00, 2.88, P &lt; 0.0001), banning alcohol sales in corner stores (aOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 2.22, 3.65, P &lt; 0.0001) and reducing retail sales hours (aOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 2.38, 3.55, P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusion
Of the policies examined, banning alcohol sales at corner stores is most likely to be in a “window of opportunity” for reducing alcohol-related disparities. By simultaneously reducing population-level consumption and harms from others’ drinking, place-based policies have the potential to reduce harms experienced by marginalized groups.
Change in Fibrosis 4 Index as Predictor of High Risk of Incident Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Tamaki Nobuharu , Kurosaki Masayuki , Yasui Yutaka , Mori Nami , Tsuji Keiji , Hasebe Chitomi , Joko Koji , Akahane Takehiro , Furuta Koichiro , Kobashi Haruhiko , Kimura Hiroyuki , Yagisawa Hitoshi , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Kondo Masahiko , Kojima Yuji , Yoshida Hideo , Uchida Yasushi , Loomba Rohit , Izumi Namiki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
It is unclear whether the fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4), a marker of liver fibrosis, at baseline and change in FIB-4 after sustained virological response (SVR) is associated with incident hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. In this study, we examined the association of incident HCC risk with baseline FIB-4 and sustained high FIB-4 (&gt;3.25) at any time point after SVR.

Methods
A total of 3823 patients who received direct-acting antiviral treatment and achieved SVR were enrolled. The FIB-4 was measured 24 weeks after the end of direct-acting antiviral treatment and achievement of SVR (SVR24), and 1, 2, and 3 years after SVR24, after which subsequent HCC development was investigated.

Results
In patients with an FIB-4 &gt;3.25 at SVR24 and 1, 2, and 3 years after SVR24, subsequent HCC development was significantly higher than in those with an FIB-4 ≤3.25 at each point. The rates of HCC development 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after SVR24 were significantly higher in patients with sustained FIB-4 &gt;3.25 than in those whose FIB-4 decreased to ≤3.25 (5.4%, 9.2%, 11.7%, and 16.0%, respectively, vs 2.2%, 3.1%, 3.7%, and 4.4%; P &lt; .001). The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for an FIB-4 &gt;3.25 at SVR24 and 1, 2, and 3 years later were 3.38 (2.4–4.8), 2.95 (1.9–4.7), 2.62 (1.3–5.1), and 3.37 (1.4–9.8), respectively.

Conclusions
The FIB-4 could be used to assess HCC development risk at any time after SVR, and changes in FIB-4 were associated with changes in the HCC development risk. Repeated assessments of FIB-4 could serve as a prognostic indicator of a high-risk HCC cohort that may require more intensive HCC surveillance strategy.
János Kornai: economics, methodology and policy
Authors: Ellman Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Kornai is an iconoclastic economist who developed an economic systems paradigm and applied it to the Leninist-Stalinist socialist system.His ideas overlapped with Marxism, with the Austrian school, with the Cambridge Social Ontology Group (CSOG), with Keynesianism, and with evolutionary economics. However, despite rejecting much of mainstream economics, Kornai did not retire to a heterodox bunker. Important results of his application of the systems paradigm were a rejection of market socialism, a rejection of price increases as a solution for shortages in the Leninist-Stalinist socialist system, and advocacy of a privatisation policy based on providing favourable conditions for the development of new private enterprises.