bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of outcomes for acute encephalopathy with reduced subcortical diffusion
Authors: Sakata Kensuke , Kawano Go , Suda Masao , Yokochi Takaoki , Yae Yukako , Imagi Toru , Akita Yukihiro , Ohbu Keizo , Matsuishi Toyojiro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute encephalopathy with reduced subcortical diffusion (AED), characterised by seizure onset and widespread reduced apparent diffusion coefficient in the cortex/subcortical white matter, is one of the most common acute encephalopathies in children in East Asia. This 14-year single-centre retrospective study on 34 patients with AED showed that therapeutic hypothermia was used for patients with more severe consciousness disturbance after the first seizure or second phase initiation, extrapolating from neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy and adult post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The basal ganglia/thalamus lesions and the Tada score were the poor outcome determinants in the multivariate analysis. The correlation between the worse outcomes and the duration from the first seizure to the initiation of therapeutic hypothermia was observed only in the patients with AED cooled before the second phase. This correlation was not observed in the overall AED population. There was a moderate negative association between the worse outcomes and the duration between the first seizure and the second phase. Therefore, the basal ganglia/thalamus lesions and the Tada score were the outcome determinants for patients with AED. Further investigation is required to examine the efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia in this population while considering the timing of the therapeutic hypothermia initiation and the second phase.
Long non-coding RNA CACNA1G-AS1 promotes proliferation and invasion and inhibits apoptosis by regulating expression of miR-205 in human keloid fibroblasts
Authors: Zhao Xu , Jie Xiang , Gao Ya-kun , Nie Bing , Jiang Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Keloid is a fibrous tissue proliferative disease in which proliferative scars grow beyond the boundary of the original wound skin. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), bind to microRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate various biological processes. The present study was aim to illuminate the mechanism of calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G antisense RNA 1 (CACNA1G-AS1) in human keloid fibroblasts. Methods: CACNA1G-AS1 and miR-205 levels were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure the proliferation and transwell assay was performed to evaluate cell invasion. Furthermore, the apoptosis rates of cells were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis, and the activity of caspase-3 in keloid fibroblasts was tested by Caspase-3 activity assay. Dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to examine the relationship between CACNA1G-AS1 and miR-205 and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to further confirm the relation. Results: CACNA1G-AS1 level was up-regulated in keloid tissues and keloid fibroblasts. CACNA1G-AS1 overexpression promoted proliferation and invasion and suppressed apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. Moreover, miR-205 was targeted by CACNA1G-AS1 and miR-205 was markedly decreased in keloid tissues and keloid fibroblasts. Also, miR-205 expression was negatively regulated by CACNA1G-AS1 and miR-205 silencing enhanced proliferation and invasion and inhibited apoptosis. Furthermore, CACNA1G-AS1 and miR-205 played the antagonistic role in miR-205 expression, proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts. Conclusion: CACNA1G-AS1 suppressed miR-205 expression to promote proliferation and invasion and inhibit apoptosis in human keloid fibroblasts.
The self-renewal dental pulp stem cell microtissues challenged by a toxic dental monomer
Authors: Kaufman Gili , Kiburi Naima Makena , Skrtic Drago 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) regenerate injured/diseased pulp tissue and deposit tertiary dentin. DPSCs stress response can be activated by exposing cells to the monomer triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and inducing the DNA-damage inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) protein expression. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of TEGDMA on the ability of DPSCs to maintain their self-renewal capabilities, develop and preserve their 3D structures and deposit the mineral. Human primary and immortalized DPSCs were cultured in extracellular matrix/basement membrane (ECM/BM) to support stemness and to create multicellular interacting layers (microtissues). The microtissues were exposed to the toxic concentrations of TEGDMA (0.5 and 1.5 mmol/l). The DPSCs spatial architecture was assessed by confocal microscopy. Mineral deposition was detected by alizarin red staining and visualized by stereoscopy. Cellular self-renewal transcription factor SOX2 was determined by immunocytochemistry. The microtissue thicknesses/vertical growth, surface area of the mineralizing microtissues, the percentage of area covered by the deposited mineral, and the fluorescence intensity of the immunostained cells were quantified ImageJ. DDIT4 expression was determined by a single molecule RNA-FISH technique and the cell phenotype was determined morphologically. DDIT4 expression was correlated with the cytotoxic phenotype. TEGDMA affected the structures of developing and mature microtissues. It inhibited the deposition of the mineral in the matrix while not affecting the SOX2 expression. Our data demonstrate that DPSCs retained their self-renewal capacity although their other functions were impeded. Since the DPSCs pool remained preserved, properties effected by the irritant should be restored by a proper rescue therapy.
Evaluating impact damage in Kevlar/carbon composites by using laser vibrometry and active infrared thermography
Authors: Derusova D.A. , Vavilov V. P. , Chulkov A.O. , Shagdirov B.I. , Saeed N. , Omar M. 
Published: June 2020

Recent developments in electronics have demonstrated some advantages of using carbon fibres in manufacturing flexible PCBs thus requiring to elaborate some new approaches for checking PCB quality. Barely visible impact damage (BVID) represents a typical type of defects in carbon‐based composites. In this study, the two inspection techniques, namely active infrared thermography and laser vibrometry, were comparatively used for detecting BVID in composite materials manufactured by three‐dimensional printing from kevlar and carbon fibres. The comparative analysis of the composite resistance towards multifold impacting with the total energy of up to 15 J has demonstrated advantages of the hybrid configuration obtained by using the technology of additive manufacturing. The measurement of damping characteristics of the composites in the 50–100 kHz frequency range has also confirmed the ability of the hybrid composite to absorb more energy than classical single component materials.
Gain and bandwidth enhancement of a singly‐fed circularly polarised dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Varshney Gaurav 
Published: June 2020

A technique is proposed for the enhancement of gain and circularly polarised (CP) bandwidth of a singly‐fed CP dielectric resonator (DR) antenna. The specific geometry of DR is used to generate the orthogonal modes required for obtaining the CP response. The incremental harmonics of the fundamental and third‐order modes, and , are generated by stacking of the similar DR layer topped with metallic patch after an air gap. This enhances the gain and CP bandwidth of the antenna maintaining the generated orthogonal modes with the required phase difference. The antenna with single DR layer provides the CP bandwidth of 13.56% and gain 4.04 dBic. After stacking, the antenna provides the measured CP bandwidth of 24.75% and 7.32 dBic stable gain over the passband. In addition, the antenna provides 92.87% radiation efficiency in the passband.
Teaching und Training in der robotergestützten Chirurgie
Authors: Schmelzle Moritz , Malinka Thomas , Bahra Marcus , Pratschke Johann 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungRobotergestützte Operationsmethoden haben die minimalinvasive Chirurgie nachhaltig beeinflusst und werden auch in Zukunft ihren Stellenwert einfordern. In der Folge sind strukturierte Trainingsprogramme essenziell, um Chirurgen für den Operationssaal der Zukunft bestmöglich vorzubereiten. Eine Anlehnung an Programme aus dem Bereich der Aviatik scheinen hierbei sinnvoll und können die Ausbildung mit speziellem Augenmerk auf Effektivität, Effizienz sowie Patientensicherheit nachhaltig beeinflussen. In diesem Zusammenhang konnten simulationsgestützte Ausbildungskonzepte und OP-Workshops bereits ihre Sicherheit sowie positive Kosteneffektivität fachübergreifend aufzeigen. Proctoring und sog. Flying-Doctor-Modelle sind weitere wichtige Konzepte vor allem in der fortgeschrittenen Weiterbildung. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht der aktuellen Entwicklungen zum Thema Training und Teaching in der robotergestützten Chirurgie und möge als Grundlage für eine kontroverse Diskussion dienen.
Coagulopathy in COVID-19 and Its Implication for Safe and Efficacious Thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Langer Florian , Kluge Stefan , Klamroth Robert , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is causing a global pandemic of life-threatening multiorgan disease, called COVID-19. Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with COVID-19 are at significant risk of thromboembolic complications, mainly affecting the venous, but also the arterial vascular system. While the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) appears to be higher in patients requiring intensive care unit support compared to those admitted to general wards, recent autopsy findings and data on the timing of VTE diagnosis relative to hospitalization clearly suggest that thromboembolic events also contribute to morbidity and mortality in the ambulatory setting. In addition to a severe hypercoagulable state caused by systemic inflammation and viral endotheliitis, some patients with advanced COVID-19 may develop a coagulopathy, which meets established laboratory criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation, but is not typically associated with relevant bleeding. Similar to other medical societies, the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research has issued empirical recommendations on initiation, dosing, and duration of pharmacological VTE prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients.
Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children: A Prospective Observational Study from India
Authors: Arya Adhi , Azad Chandrika , Mahajan Vidushi , Guglani Vishal 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConvulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is one of the commonest and life threatening pediatric neurological emergencies. Only few studies on pediatric status epilepticus (SE) are available from the Indian subcontinent. The aim was to study the etiology and immediate outcome of CSE in children getting admitted in pediatric emergency during the study period and to study association of various clinical presentations with immediate outcome. A prospective observational study was conducted in tertiary care institute of Northern India. Children aged between 1 month and 18 years with CSE were enrolled and followed up till discharge. Primary outcome was kept as hospital survival/mortality; those who survived were further graded on the basis of disability at discharge. A total of 81 patients with CSE were assessed for primary outcome. The mortality rate was found to be 15% (12/81); 83% deaths were due to acute central nervous system (CNS) infection. Ten percent of children (8/81) had disability at discharge, five had mild, and three had moderate disability. The neurocysticercosis was the most common etiology seen in 23% (19/81) of the children followed by febrile SE in 20% (13/81) of the study participants. CSE responded to first-line antiepileptic drugs (AED) in 15% children (12/81). Refractory status was seen in 13.5% (11/81) cases. Prehospital treatment was received only in 15% patients. Young age, low Glasgow coma scale score at admission, and requirement of critical care support were the factors found to be significantly associated with mortality. CSE has a high mortality especially in young children and acute CNS infections are the most common cause of it.
Epidemiology of New Onset Seizures and Epilepsy Cases: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Goel Deepak , Aggarwal Pradeep , Kandpal Sunil Dutt , Kakkar Rakesh , Negi Deepak , Mittal Nidhi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction Incidence is the number of new epilepsy cases occurring during a given time interval, usually in 1 year, in a specified population. Most incidence studies of epilepsy are from developed countries with a rate of 40 to 70 per 100,000 population.
Aims We conducted this survey to study incidence of all new onset unprovoked in rural and semiurban areas of the Uttarakhand State. This study is conducted on more than 100,000 of population with longitudinal follow-up of 3 years.
Methods This was a community-based, longitudinal, observational study in two blocks of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand state. Total population of approximately 100,000 from two blocks will be surveyed (50,000 in each block). This door-to-door survey was conducted annually for 3 years duration from May 2014 to April 2017. The initial data were collected on National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) questionnaire by door-to-door survey.
Results After longitudinal follow-up for 3 years of 103,610 of population in two blocks of Uttarakhand state, we found age-adjusted prevalence rate of unprovoked seizures to the tune of 623.63 cases per 100,000 of population. Age-adjusted incidence rate of epilepsy was 38.28 per 100,000 population and annual incidence of acute symptomatic seizures was 14.79 per 100,000 of population. Overall annual incidence rate of all afebrile seizures was 51.63 per of 100,000 people. Among all sociodemographic factors, age, poverty, diet, and hygiene were significantly associated with seizures.
Conclusion Age-adjusted incidence rate of unprovoked seizure in Uttarakhand state was 38.28 per 100,000 people. Diet and hygiene were significant risk factors for seizures.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in a Postpartum Patient with Superimposed Preeclampsia and COVID-19
Authors: Sinkey Rachel G. , Rajapreyar Indranee , Robbins Lindsay S. , Dionne-Odom Jodie , Pogwizd Steven M. , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T.N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOur understanding of COVID-19 in pregnant and postpartum women is rapidly evolving. We present a case from March 2020 of a 25-year-old G2P2002 whose delivery was complicated by preeclampsia with severe features who presented to the emergency department 9 days after cesarean delivery with chest tightness and dyspnea on exertion. On presentation she had severe hypertension, pulmonary edema, elevated brain natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitivity troponin-I, suggesting a diagnosis of hypertensive emergency leading to heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction resulting in pulmonary edema and abnormal cardiac screening tests. However, bilateral opacities were seen on a computed tomography of the chest, and COVID-19 testing was positive. A high index of suspicion for both COVID-19 and cardiovascular complications are critical for optimal patient outcomes and protection of health care workers.
The acquisition of German declension in additive and concept-based approaches to instruction via computer-based cognitive tutors
Authors: Walter Daniel R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study examines the different learning outcomes of two computer-based cognitive tutors using two approaches to instructing German declension: an additive, bottom-up approach, which focuses on a stepwise introduction of each case, and a concept-based, top-down approach, which focuses on developing students’ conceptual understanding of the functions related to each case form and the case marking system as a whole. The results indicate that both groups learned, but what and how they learned differed depending on the method of instruction. The additive group showed general gains in production and a slight increase in their ability to correctly interpret object-first sentences. The concept-based group showed larger gains, but in fewer areas. Specifically, the production of adjective endings increased, although there were no differences in determiner production or accuracy. The concept-based group also had a larger gain in their ability to interpret non-SVO word order sentences. This study shows how concept-based approaches to grammar can outperform additive ones, and that the development of these concepts can prepare students for future learning.
A model and simulation of lattice vibrations in a superabundant vacancy phase of palladium–deuterium
Authors: Staker M R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A one dimensional Bravais lattice model is applied to a superabundant vacancy (SAV) delta δ phase (Pd3VacD4—octahedral), in the palladium–deuterium system. SolidWorks is used to simulate the motion of atoms and ions in the lattice. These two approaches give identical results for the vibrations of the deuterons indicating that large vibrations of deuterons are possible when the microstructure is a mixture of beta deuteride and small volume percent delta SAV phase. These conditions result from the unique geometry and crystallography of δ phase. According to both the model and simulation, as the size of δ phase increases, opportunity for high amplitude vibrations of deuterons increases. Increasing temperature should have a similar effect.
Enhancing gesture decoding performance using signals from posterior parietal cortex: a stereo-electroencephalograhy (SEEG) study
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Guangye , Jiang Shize , Wei Zixuan , Hu Jie , Chen Liang , Zhang Dingguo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective. Hand movement is a crucial function for humans’ daily life. Developing brain-machine interface (BMI) to control a robotic hand by brain signals would help the severely paralyzed people partially regain the functional independence. Previous intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG)-based BMIs towards gesture decoding mostly used neural signals from the primary sensorimotor cortex while ignoring the hand movement related signals from posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Here, we propose combining iEEG recordings from PPC with that from primary sensorimotor cortex to enhance the gesture decoding performance of iEEG-based BMI. Approach. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) signals from 25 epilepsy subjects were recorded when they performed a three-class hand gesture task. Across all 25 subjects, we identified 524, 114 and 221 electrodes from three regions of interest (ROIs), including PPC, postcentral cortex (POC) and precentral cortex (PRC), respectively. Based on the time-varying high gamma power (55-150 Hz) of SEEG signal, both the general activation in the task and the fine selectivity to gestures of each electrode in these ROIs along time was evaluated by the coefficient of determination r
2. According to the activation along time, we further assessed the first activation time of each ROI. Finally, the decoding accuracy for gestures was obtained by linear support vector machine classifier to comparatively explore if the PPC will assist PRC and POC for gesture decoding. Main results. We find that a majority(L:

>

60%, R:

>

40%) of electrodes in all the three ROIs present significant activation during the task. A large scale temporal activation sequence exists among the ROIs, where PPC activates first, PRC second and POC last. Among the activated electrodes, 15% (PRC), 26% (POC) and 4% (left PPC) of electrodes are significantly selective to gestures. Moreover, decoding accuracy obtained by combining the selective electrodes from three ROIs together is 5%, 3.6%, and 8% higher than that from only PRC and POC when decoding features across, before, and after the movement onset, were used. Significance. This is the first human iEEG study demonstrating that PPC contains neural information about fine hand movement, supporting the role of PPC in hand shape encoding. Combining PPC with primary sensorimotor cortex can provide more information to improve the gesture decoding performance. Our results suggest that PPC could be a rich neural source for iEEG-based BMI. Our findings also demonstrate the early involvement of human PPC in visuomotor task and thus may provide additional implications for further scientific research and BMI applications.
Measuring the sustainable development implications of climate change mitigation
Authors: Fujimori Shinichiro , Hasegawa Tomoko , Takahashi Kiyoshi , Dai Hancheng , Liu Jing-Yu , Ohashi Haruka , Xie Yang , Zhang Yanxu , Matsui Tetsuya , Hijioka Yasuaki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSynergies and trade-offs exist between climate mitigation actions and target indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Some studies have assessed such relationships, but the degree of such interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we show the SDG implications associated with CO2emissions reductions. We developed ‘marginal SDG-emissions-reduction values (MSVs)’, which represent the marginal impacts on SDG indicators caused by a unit CO2emissions reduction. This metric is applicable to national assessments and was applied to Asia. We found clear relationships between CO2emissions reduction rates and many SDG targets. For instance, 1% reduction of CO2can avoid 0.57% of air pollution-related premature deaths (SDG3), whereas the mean species richness (SDG15) is decreased by 0.026% with the same reduction (not including climate change impacts). Our findings are useful for assessing the SDG implications associated with CO2emissions reduction targets, which will help inform national climate policies.
Stomatal response to decreased relative humidity constrains the acceleration of terrestrial evapotranspiration
Authors: Xiao Mingzhong , Yu Zhongbo , Kong Dongdong , Gu Xihui , Mammarella Ivan , Montagnani Leonardo , Arain M Altaf , Merbold Lutz , Magliulo Vincenzo , Lohila Annalea , Buchmann Nina , Wolf Sebastian , Gharun Mana , Hörtnagl Lukas , Beringer Jason , Gioli Beniamino 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET) is thermodynamically expected to increase with increasing atmospheric temperature; however, the actual constraints on the intensification of ET remain uncertain due to a lack of direct observations. Based on the FLUXNET2015 Dataset, we found that relative humidity (RH) is a more important driver of ET than temperature. While actual ET decrease at reduced RH, potential ET increases, consistently with the complementary relationship (CR) framework stating that the fraction of energy not used for actual ET is dissipated as increased sensible heat flux that in turn increases potential ET. In this study, we proposed an improved CR formulation requiring no parameter calibration and assessed its reliability in estimating ET both at site-level with the FLUXNET2015 Dataset and at basin-level. Using the ERA-Interim meteorological dataset for 1979–2017 to calculate ET, we found that the global terrestrial ET showed an increasing trend until 1998, while the trend started to decline afterwards. Such decline was largely associated with a reduced RH, inducing water stress conditions that triggered stomatal closure to conserve water. For the first time, this study quantified the global-scale implications of changes in RH on terrestrial ET, indicating that the temperature-driven acceleration of the terrestrial water cycle will be likely constrained by terrestrial vegetation feedbacks.