bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-41 The comparative analysis of vaginal flora of high-productive cows in the postpartum period by Real-time PCR
Authors: Korochkina Elena A , Nechaev Andrey , Stekolnikov Anatoly , Nezhdanov Anatoliy 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was the comparative analysis of species composition of vaginal bugs of high-productive cows (n = 7) in the postpartum period by Real-time PCR. The material were vaginal discharge of cows (four of them had acute pyogenic endometritis, another was apparently healthy). The vaginal discharge of sick cows contained the low count of bacteria Megasphaera spp., Veillonella spp., Dialister sрp., Lactobacillus spp. and streptococcus. The evaluation of bacterial count of Lachnobacterium spp., Clostridium spp., actinomycetes Atopobium spp., bacteria Staphylococcus spp., and yeast fungi Candida spр. did not demonstrate statistically different between groups. Probably this bacteria were not the etiological origin of postpartum endometritis of cows. However, vaginal discharge of cows with diagnosis acute pyogenic endometritis had high count of bacteria of Fusobacteriaceae (6,0±3,8 and 5,3±2,6 lg genomes/g), Enterobacteriaceae (6,4±4,1 and 5,1±3,0 lg genomes/g), bacteroides of Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. (7,4±5,2 and 6,4±4,4 lg genomes/g), actinomycetes Mobiluncus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. (5,1±2,5 and 4,7±1,9 lg genomes/g), Peptostreptococcus spp. and Eubacterium spp., in comparison with apparently healthy cows. The presence of this bacteria in the vaginal discharge of apparently healthy cows suggestive that this bacteria are the permanent vaginal flora. Thus, comparative analysis of the dysbiotic sort of vaginal flora of cows in postpartum period demonstrated that vaginal discharge of cows with diagnosis acute pyogenic endometritis consists the high count of bacteria of potentially pathogenic and pathogenic groups (Fusobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Prevotella spp., Porphyromonas spp., Mobiluncus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Eubacterium spp.).
PSVI-5 Rumen-protected methionine supplementation during the peripartal period reduces the expression of LGALS-1, -3 and -4 in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and secretion of Gal-2 and Gal-12 in plasma of Holstein cows
Authors: Asiamah Emmanuel K , Worku Mulumebet , Loor Juan , Riboni Mario Vailati , Zhou Zheng , Ekwemalor Kingsley 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of methionine(Met) supplementation on genes encoding Galectins (LGALS) and secretion in plasma during the periparturient period. Dairy cows are susceptible to increased incidence and severity of disease during the periparturient period. Impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) functions such as phagocytosis and pathogen killing capacity contribute to immune dysfunction and disease. Galectins (GALS) are an evolutionarily conserved family of animal lectins important in disease and homeostasis. They behave like pathogen-associated molecular patterns and cell-surface receptors whose activation often results in signaling cascades to activate cells such as PMNL. Fourteen Holstein cows supplemented with either rumen-protected Met (n = 7) or no Met (CON; n = 7) were used. Diets were fed from −21 ± 2 before expected calving date and continued until 30 days postpartum. To evaluate LGALS expression and secretion of Gal, PMNL were isolated from blood and plasma was harvested at -10, +7, and +30 d relative to expected calving. The expression of LGALS1 (P = 0.09), LGALS3 (P = 0.02), and LGALS4 (P = 0.02) was lower in response to Met, but there was no effect on LGALS8, LGALS9, and LGALS12. Met supplementation reduced Gal-2 and Gal-12 secretion in plasma at -10, +7, and +30 d (P &lt; 0.0005 and P &lt; 0.0001 respectively). Methionine supplementation modulates the expression of GAL involved in inflammation and lipolysis in cow blood. Modulation of GAL in PMNL and plasma in response to Met may have implications for the use of dietary interventions to target gene expression in PMNL for improved function and needs further study.
PSVI-10 Detection of E. coli virulence genes during the pre-weaning and peri-weaning period in young meat goats
Authors: Ndegwa Eunice , Alahmde Aber 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It has been postulated that changes in prevalence of E. coli isolates with particular virulence genes in animals may be affected by many factors including age, feed, geographical location and stress. The weaning period represents stressful stage during the growth of farm animals. To evaluate if weaning stress affects the prevalence of E. coli possessing virulence genes; shiga toxin (Stx), hemolysin (hly) and intimin (eae) in young meat goats, fecal samples were collected during pre-weaning period, day of weaning (0DPW), one day after weaning (1DPW), two days after weaning (2DPW) and 7 days after weaning (7DPW). Two hundred forty seven two E. coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes. All four virulence genes (Stx1, Stx2, Hly, and eae) evaluated were detected in E. coli during the peri-weaning period while only stx1, eae and hly were detected during the pre-weaning period. No Stx2 had been detected during the pre-weaning period. Both Stx1 and Hly frequency of detection increased significantly from 0DPW to 2DPW and then decreased on 7DPW. The Stx2 gene remained relatively the same between 0DPW and 7DPW. The frequency of eae detection was highest during the pre-weaning period but also increased significantly from 0DPW to 7DPW. Further characterization of peri-weaning isolates possessing either Stx2 or eae revealed that some belonged to serotypes important to animal and public health including O26, O103 and O146. We highlight a previously unreported finding on pattern of colonization by E. coli in young meat goats before and during peri-weaning period. This trend may be suggestive that strains of E. coli harboring specific virulence genes proliferate during times of stress such as weaning in young meat goats while others predominantly colonize very young animals. The significance of E. coli isolates possessing the various virulence genes in relation to animal health need further evaluation.
PSVI-31 Special characteristics of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in animal and poultry farms in the areas with various levels of technogenic pollution
Authors: Donnik Irina , Krivonogova Anna , Isaeva Albina , Shkuratova Irina , Moiseeva Kseniya , Musikhina Nina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The research on the P. aeruginosa strains in animal and poultry farms located in the areas with various levels of technogenic pollution were done. Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to fluoroquinolone antibiotics and carbapenems was defined. For the research the enterprises with similar technological and economic cycles, breeds of animals, diet and veterinary treatment were chosen. The enterprises were located in the areas with various levels of contamination of agrobiocenosis with metals and radionuclides of technogenic origin. Samples of microflora were taken from integruments and mucosa of animals, from the floor, surfaces and equipment of premises, and tools, and microbiological analysis of cow milk, chicken eggs, manure and dung, water, feed stuff and air in premises was done. It was stated that content of P. aeruginosa in opportunistic pathogenic microbiota was the most in poultry farms (18% – 20%). At the same time, in man-made polluted areas the above-mentioned microorganism was most often found in samples from oral cavity and cloaca of laying hens and broiler chickens, and in “clean” areas” – mostly in wash-offs from cages and drinking pans. In dairy farms content of P. aeruginosa was higher in environmentally friendly areas (23%), as compared to the areas with technogenic pollution (12%). In pig-breeding farms in environmentally neglected areas P. aeruginosa was more often found, as compared with dairy farms, but more rarely than in poultry farms. Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility has shown that in dairy farms average level of resistance of P. aeruginosa strains to carbapenems and fluoroquinolone was 12% and 6%, in pig-breeding farms - 9% and 13%, and in poultry farms - 6% and 18% correspondingly. In environmentally neglected areas significant content of the strains with low susceptibility to the above-mentioned antibiotics was stated. The research is executed at the expense of a grant of the RSF (project No.18-16-00040).
PSVI-13 Anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenol-rich red osier dogwood extracts in Caco-2 mono- and Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture models
Authors: Zhang Hua , Chen Yuhuan , Mats Lili , Hui Qianru , Tsao Rong , Yang Chengbo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An impaired intestinal barrier function results in aggravating inflammatory response at a systemic scale, eventually leading to rising risk for systemic diseases (e.g., muscle myopathy and vascular disorders). In the present study, the impact of intake polyphenol-rich red osier dogwood extracts (RWE) on the inflammation of endothelial cells was exploited. A strong anti-inflammatory activity of RWE was found to suppress the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6, and ICAM) in the inflamed intestinal epithelial cell model. Furthermore, the intestinal transported RWE derived phenolic compounds was shown to protect the endothelial cells against both oxidative and inflammatory damages in a Caco-2/EA.hy926 co-culture cell model. Their protective activities in EA.hy926 was found to be strongly associated with intestinal absorption efficiency. The accumulation of transported rutin and unknown monoglyceride quercetin from RWE were identified across the Caco-2 BBe1 monolayer by HPLC up to 24 h. The highest concentration of transported rutin and monoglyceride quercetin derived from RWE were detected as 2.0 ± 0.22 µg/mL and 0.5 ± 0.08 µg/mL in the basolateral compartment after 12 h and 24 h of incubation, respectively. Profound anti-inflammatory effects of RWE derived polyphenols was observed to suppress pro-inflammatory mediator expression, including IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM, VCAM and Cox2, in the TNF-α or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced basolateral EA.hy926 cells (co-culture model). Moreover, we observed a significant inhibitory effect of the transported RWE on oxLDL-induced inflammation after 6 h incubation rather than 24 h, indicating the potential health benefits of RWE is determined by its bioavailability. Results of this study demonstrated that phenolic compounds derived from RWE could be delivered into the circulation system to mitigate inflammatory responses thereby being a promising dietary agent for preventing systemic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases in humans and white stripping/woody meat in broiler chickens).
PSII-39 Effects of electrostatic spray and natural antioxidants on sensory quality and color of grass- finished beef strip steaks
Authors: Sajeev Dishnu , Thames Hudson , Cobb Harper , Holtcamp Alexander , Cavender Alexandria , Mello Amilton De , Dinh Thu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the effects of electrostatic spray and natural antioxidants on sensory quality, color, and metmyoglobin reductase activity in grass-finished beef strip steaks. Eighteen certified grass-finished beef loins from nine animals were purchased from a certified grass-fed beef purveyor. Each loin was cut into eight 2.5-cm thick steaks without the gluteus medius muscle. A factorial arrangement of four treatments including a negative control (no spraying; NEG) and 1000-ppm of electrostatic spray of cherry extract rich in ascorbic acid (ES-ACE), electrostatic spray of rosemary and green tea extract rich in polyphenols (ES-RGT), and pressurized spray of ACE (PS-ACE) at 2 retail time points (0 and 5 d) was randomized within an animal. Instrumental color (CIE L*, a*, b*) and reflectance spectra (400 to 700 nm) were measured d-5 steaks. Five loins were randomly selected for metmyoglobin reductase activity and the other four loins were used for sensory evaluation. On d 0, ES_ACE steaks were slightly darker than ES_RGT and NEG steaks (P &lt; 0.022); however, these differences disappeared on d 5 (P ≥ 0.138). On d 0, redness of ES_RGT and NEG steaks were greater than that of ES_ACE and PS_ACE steaks (P &lt; 0.002); however, both ES_ACE and PS_ ACE steaks had more redness than ES_RGT and NEG steaks (P &lt; 0.002). Similar phenomenon was found for color saturation. Both ES_ACE and PS_ACE steaks had less metmyoglobin and more oxymyoglobin than ES_RGT and NEG steaks on d 5 (P ≤ 0.021). All steaks had more sourness, bloody, and oxidized off-flavors on d 5 than d 0 (P ≤ 0.017). Electrostatic and pressurized spray provided similar protection for color stability and sensory quality; however, the natural antioxidant rich in ascorbic acid was more effective than polyphenol-rich natural extract.
PSIV-2 Investigating candidate scur genes in Bos taurus breeds
Authors: Ketel Crystal , Asai-Coakwell Mika 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Scurs (loose horns) are inherited in a sex-influenced manner and are believed to appear in cattle when the animal is heterozygous (Pp) for the polled mutation. They are unwanted by beef producers, but are difficult to eradicate because scurs are epistatic to the polled mutation. With the development of a test for the 202 bp indel on BTA1 resulting in the polled phenotype in Celtic breeds, horned (pp) and polled (PP/Pp) animals can be genotyped at this locus. The aims of this study were: 1) to confirm the polled genotype in scurred families from a Canadian beef research herd (SCBRH), scurred cattle families from producers (SCFP), and polled and scurred feedlot steers using the Celtic poll test (PC), and 2) to identify new candidate genes between the recombinant genes of the postulated scur loci on BTA19. Through PCR amplification, the polled/horned genotype was confirmed in the SCBRH, SPCF, and 153 phenotyped feedlot steers with gel electrophoresis. One family from the SPCF, 26 scurred and 10 polled feedlot steers were genotyped as horned. Removing the SPCF horned animals from the scur loci mapping data changed the recombinant markers and created a new boundary, resulting in examination of five new candidate genes (CTDNEP1, FGF11, SOX15, SHBG, DHRS7C) based on function and position. To identify SNPs segregating with scurs, 16 animals were chosen from the PC genotyped feedlot steers, 8 Pp scurred steers and 8 Pp polled steers. Two SNP’s found in CTDNEP1 and DHRS7C were examined in the SCBRH with PCR-RFLP using BseRI and AciI, respectively, but did not segregate with scurs. In conclusion, careful phenotyping and genotyping for the polled/horned status of an animal should be confirmed for future studies to determine the genetic mutation resulting in scurs.
PSIV-12 Effects of an additional iron injection administered to piglets before weaning
Authors: Chevalier Tyler B , Lindemann Merlin D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Advancements in genetics have led to an increase in growth rates of nursing piglets. Previous studies have suggested that the common 100–200 mg Fe injection shortly after birth is not sufficient to prevent anemia for all pigs throughout the suckling and nursery phases, more so for heavy (fast-growing) piglets. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and hematological effects of supplementing an additional iron injection 4 days before weaning. A total of 136 crossbred pigs from 20 litters with an initial BW of 5.48 ± 1.08 kg were assigned to either the control or an added-injection treatment. All pigs had received a 150 mg Fe intramuscular (IM) injection 1 d after birth. The added-injection group received an additional 150 mg Fe IM injection 4 days before weaning. Pigs were weaned at 18–24 days. All pigs received a common nursery diet, formulated to meet or exceed the NRC (2012) requirement estimates. Body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. Blood and tissue samples were collected at pre-wean (-4), weaning (0), 14, and 28 days in the nursery. All data were subjected to ANOVA by the GLM procedure of SAS. Hemoglobin concentration was greater at weaning (12.1 vs. 10.3 g/dL, P &lt; 0.0001) and 14 d (11.9 vs. 11.5 g/dL, P = 0.016) for the added-injection treatment. Added-injection pigs had a greater overall ADG (526 vs. 498 g, P = 0.033) for the experiment. Added-injection pigs also had a greater liver Fe concentration at weaning (36.6 vs. 11.7 mg/kg of liver, P = 0.009). In conclusion, an additional 150 mg Fe injection administered 4 d before weaning increased blood and liver iron status at weaning as well as improved ADG in the nursery.
PSIV-11 The effect of a high sugar supplement versus a beef supplement during pregnancy on offspring hepatic gene expression in a swine biomedical model
Authors: Hall Jerica R , Hoyle Ashley , Hirchert Mara , Swanson Kendall C , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Ward Alison 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the effect of a maternal supplemental calorie source, (high protein or high sugar) on offspring developmental programming of metabolic gene expression. Multiparous sows (n = 35) were bred to one of two full-sibling boars. Sows were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet and randomly assigned to one of four isocaloric supplement treatments: 126 g of the basal diet, (CON, n = 5); 85 g of crystalized sugar (SUGAR, n = 5); 110 g of cooked ground beef (BEEF, n = 6); or a combination of 55 g cooked beef and 43 g of crystalized sugar (B+S, n = 5). Supplements were fed three times daily from d 40 of gestation through d 18 of weaning. A male and female offspring of median weight from each sow were individually housed and phase fed standard production diets. Offspring were harvested at d 160 of age and a liver tissue sample collected. Expression of the following genes was quantified via qPCR with hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) as the reference gene: pyruvate carboxylase (PC); phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1); lipase C hepatic type (LIPC); fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21); glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC); and fructose 1, 6-biphosphate (FBFase). Genes were selected based on their function in hepatic metabolism. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS with sex, treatment, and interaction as fixed effects. Sex influenced (P &lt; 0.05) expression of PC and FBFase, with males having greater expression than females (1.38 vs. 0.63 ± 0.14 and 1.15 vs. 0.82 ± 0.09, respectively). However, there was no effect of treatment or sex by treatment interaction on hepatic expression of the genes studied (P &gt; 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that supplemental caloric source during pregnancy does not alter developmental programming of the stated liver metabolic genes in peripubertal offspring.
PSIV-21 Landscape-use pattern and performance of small ruminants in woodlands with altering understory vegetation heights
Authors: Bhattrai Shailes , Karki Uma , Paneru Bidur , Ellis Nevershi , Poudel Sanjok 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The vast coverage of woodlands (&gt;60%) in Alabama and other Southeast states presents a great potential for increasing grazing opportunity for small ruminants. Canopy height and openness may influence the utilization of woodland vegetation by small ruminants. However, such information is least explored and reported. The study objectives were to 1) determine the browsing height and preference of small ruminants for woodland vegetation present at different heights and 2) evaluate animal performance while stocked in woodlands. Study plots (6; 0.4-ha each) comprised southern pines [longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly (Pinus taeda L.)], hardwood trees, and numerous understory vegetation. The non-pine (non-target) species were either cut to one of the heights from the ground level (0-m, 0.91-m, 1.52-m) or left uncut (control). Kiko wethers (n = 8, 73±2.6 kg LW) and Katahdin rams (n = 5, 98±4.6 kg LW) were rotationally stocked (3 plots/species). Browsing height was measured at ten random points in each treatment and control, and animals’ preference for different plant species (0–5: 0-not preferred, 5-highly preferred) was recorded after moving animals out of each plot at each rotation. Animal performance data (LW; body condition score, BCS; and FAMACHA score) were collected fortnightly. Data were analyzed in SAS 9.4 (Mixed and GLM procedures). Goats browsed from higher heights than sheep in 0.9-m (1.3-m vs. 1-m) and 1.52-m (1.6-m vs. 1.1-m) treatments and control (1.3-m vs. 1-m) (P &lt; 0.0001). Numerous plant species present in 0-m and 0.91-m treatments were consumed more by both species versus the same plant species present in the control (P &lt; 0.0001). Both animal species performed well while grazing in woodlands, maintaining the desirable BCS (goats: 2.6–2.8; sheep: 3.7–4.0) and FAMACHA (goats: 1.6–2.1; sheep: 1.0–1.6) scores. Results show that lowering the height of non-target vegetation in woodlands is very useful to increase vegetation utilization and achieve desired animal performance.
PSII-11 RNA sequencing analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and novel upstream transcriptional regulators in porcine longissimus dorsi muscle affected by dietary lysine restriction
Authors: Wang Ying , Zhou Huaijun , Liao Shengfa F 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of dietary lysine restriction on the global gene expression of skeletal muscle in growing pigs. Twelve crossbred (Yorkshire × Landrace) barrows (initial BW 22.6 ± 2.04 kg) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments (Diet I: a lysine-deficient diet; Diet II: a lysine-adequate diet) according to a completely randomized experiment design (n = 6). After feeding for 8 weeks, muscle samples were collected from longissimus dorsi of individual pigs (approximately 2 g/each). The total RNA isolated was used to prepare cDNA library for RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. The RNA-Seq data was then analyzed using the CLC Genomics Workbench to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Sixty-nine genes were found differentially expressed (Benjamin-Hochberg corrected P &lt; 0.05) in Diet I vs. Diet II pigs, of which 29 genes were down-regulated (Log₂ fold change (FC) &lt; - 0.58) and 40 genes were up-regulated (Log₂ FC &gt; 0.58). Gene ontology (GO) analysis of these DEGs for functional annotation using DAVID found a total of 36 GO terms. The significantly enriched terms (Benjamin-Hochberg corrected P &lt; 0.05) are associated with biological processes that include acute-phase response, platelet activation, and protein polymerization, and Molecular Functions that include serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity, small molecule binding, heme binding, and oxidoreductase activity. In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis predicted some upstream transcriptional regulators that regulate several sets of DEGs. For example, lysine restriction may lead inhibition of insulin, EIF2AK4 (an eIF2α activator), and MYC (a transcript elongation factor), which are associated with the regulation of protein synthesis. It may also lead activation of STAT3 and HNF1A, which regulate cell movement and fatty acid metabolism, respectively. In summary, these novel results showed that dietary lysine restriction may compromise pig muscle protein synthesis through the aforementioned transcriptional regulators and their affected genes.