bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembling Inca History
Authors: Covey R. Alan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter frames the concept of “apocalypse” in the Andean world. It describes the process of royal history-making that the Incas performed in their capital, Cuzco, as well as the legends of ancestral emergence and migration that granted their dynasty a deeper history than other Andean peoples. It recounts Andean creation myths and introduces the concept of cyclical creation and the destruction of space-time. The discussion of the archaeological record reveals areas where Inca histories and legends diverge from scientific fact, making it possible to consider the aspirational quality of Inca history and the unfolding imperial project of building a world empire. The contradictions of Inca history help us to understand the factional competition found among the Inca nobility, foreshadowing the conflicts that would erupt in a civil war on the eve of the Spanish invasion.
The Invention of Catholic Spain
Authors: Covey R. Alan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter provides a deep history for Iberia illustrating the apocalyptic worldview of Catholics during the later Middle Ages. Starting with a legendary account of the journey to Spain by the Catholic saint Santiago, the chapter describes how Catholic pilgrimage and crusading contributed to the belief in a centuries-long Christian reconquest of lost realms. A description of medieval history-writing reveals how supernatural features, miracles, and legends shaped the earliest attempts to produce a Christian history of Spain that could link biblical mythology to the dynastic histories of Christian dynasties. The chapter describes how those rulers extended their power beyond the Iberian Peninsula, and how Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragón embraced an identity as Catholic builders of a world empire.
Royal Progress
Authors: Covey R. Alan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter follows the development of Inca imperial power across the lifetimes of three famous rulers: Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, Tupa Inca Yupanqui, and Huayna Capac. Life histories of these rulers reveal the political and ceremonial aspects of the male ruling title, Inca, and how territorial growth created tensions between the two. Reading between the lines of colonial documents, the chapter also considers the power of Inca women and the evolving role of the paramount woman, or Coya. The growing empire made it difficult for Inca rulers to lead campaigns and also preside over rituals at the capital, while the increasing number of powerful women in the royal palace increased the likelihood of factional competition and succession crises. Over time, Inca rulers spent more time on campaigns, which became more brutal, even after the ruler Huayna Capac moved his court to the northern frontier to try and retain control over the army, palace, and state ceremonies. His untimely death there helped to generate a succession crisis, which blew up into a civil war between two half-brothers: Huascar, the Inca crowned in Cuzco, and Atahuallpa, who took control of the frontier armies.
Building a Catholic Empire
Authors: Covey R. Alan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter begins with the Castilian conquest and colonization of the Canary Islands, which deployed a medieval model that had been carried over to the Americas by Columbus. When the Aragonese pope Alexander VI granted half the globe for Spanish missionary work and imperial expansion, Isabella and Ferdinand lacked the policies, institutions, and laws to rule over native peoples who did not live like European Catholics. They also struggled to maintain control over their Spanish colonists, who often abandoned the new settlements to explore, plunder, and raid for slaves in other places. The chapter follows one of these wayward colonists, Francisco Pizarro, from Hispaniola to Panama and on to the exploration of the Pacific coast of South America. As Charles V attempted to establish law and order in his American colonies—and to face the challenges of the Protestant Reformation—he granted Pizarro permission to colonize Peru, a rich, civilized realm that had been contacted during a rare moment of success in the conquistador’s otherwise disastrous expeditions on the Peruvian coast.
Two Roads to Cajamarca
Authors: Covey R. Alan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter follows the Inca warlord Atahuallpa from the last days of his victory in the Inca civil war to the fateful encounter with Francisco Pizarro at Cajamarca in 1532. As Atahuallpa made his way to Cajamarca, he acted to destroy the old Inca capital of Cuzco and to show his subjects that they should fear his military power, which was capable of devastating even the most powerful sacred forces in the Andes. The arrival of Pizarro and his Spaniards occurred as the old Inca order was challenged, raising questions about the identity and motivations of the newcomers. Pizarro and his men made their way into Inca territory, where they abandoned their colonizing mission to seek out Atahuallpa, even though they knew he was not the legitimate Inca. The Spaniards told the Inca that they had come to serve Atahuallpa. Then they ambushed him at Cajamarca when he came to the Inca city to accept their fealty.
Sovereign Failures and New Miracles
Authors: Covey R. Alan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes the growing factionalism among the Spaniards in Peru, as well as the collapse of Pizarro’s alliance with Manco Inca. In the face of Spanish brutality, Manco organized a widespread war of reconquest, which failed because the Spanish alliances with other Andean lords held firm, including those with Inca noblewomen and the prince Paullu Inca. When the threat of Inca war lessened, the Spaniards turned to fight one another, leading to a series of battles and assassinations that divided the conquistadores and devastated Andean populations. Charles V attempted to rein in the leading factions, but his inspector, Cristóbal Vaca de Castro, declared himself the new governor of Peru, a claim he reinforced on the battlefield.
The Drone Age
Authors: Boyle Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This book explores how the unique features of drone technology alter the strategic choices of governments and non-state actors alike by transforming their risk calculations and expanding their goals on and off the battlefield. It considers how drone technology will impact the patterns of war and peace in the next century: Will drones produce a more peaceful world because they reduce risk to pilots, or will the prospect of clean, remote warfare lead governments to engage in more conflicts? Will drones begin to replace humans on the battlefield or will they empower soldiers and peacekeepers to act more precisely and humanely in crisis zones? How will terrorist organizations turn this technology back on the governments that fight them? How will drones change surveillance at war—and at home? As drones come into the hands of new actors—foreign governments, law enforcement, terrorist organizations, humanitarian organizations, and even UN peacekeepers—it is even more important to understand what kind of world they might produce. By changing what these actors are both willing and able to do, drones are quietly altering the dynamics of wars, humanitarian crises, and peacekeeping missions, while generating new risks to security and privacy. An essential guide to a potentially disruptive force in modern world politics, The Drone Age argues that the mastery of drone technology will become central to the ways that governments and non-state actors seek power and influence in the coming decades.
Introduction: The Sound of Feminist Memory
Authors: Jolly Margaretta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The chapter establishes the book as a new history of the UK Women’s Liberation Movement, drawing upon feminist oral history to explore the extraordinary individual accounts of pioneering women activists. Going beyond abstracted, ideological versions of movement history, the book advocates a greater appreciation of the actions, pleasures, hopes and faiths of individual activists and a more generous understanding of what it meant to live a feminist life in the midst of individual and collective struggle for gender, racial, social and economic equality. Building upon Sheila Rowbotham’s contention that listening is essential to the transmission of memory, the chapter introduces Sisterhood and After (S&A), the oral history archive stored at the British Library which is the book’s primary source, showing how this invokes the voices, sounds, and songs of ‘second wave’ feminism, highlights the aura of the voice and captures the inadvertently caught sounds of the lived environment.
Oral History and Feminist Method
Authors: Jolly Margaretta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The chapter unpacks the book’s method as a history of living activists, set in the context of feminism’s affiliation with oral history and life-course analysis. It discusses the S&A oral history archive on which the book is based, outlining how S&A approached interviewee selection and representation, and acknowledging how such questions continue to divide the movement. Offering an overview of feminist oral history practice, addressing the ethics involved and the interpretative challenges of working with memory, subjectivity and emotion, it shows how the ‘baby boomers’, ‘second generation migrants’ and ‘lesbian-feminists’ who powered the WLM were shaped by the post-war worlds in which they grew up, and talked back to these categories, particularly as they gained control over fertility. The chapter concludes with the story of Sue Lopez, women’s footballer and champion for women’s rights in the sport, demonstrating oral history’s ethical challenges whilst celebrating an inspiring athlete and campaigner. 149 words
Conclusion
Authors: Jolly Margaretta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The conclusion explores how oral histories might contribute to future activism. It suggests that the S&A interviewees’ accounts affirm the value of intergenerational exchange and organisational experience and tolerance, illuminating the movement’s intellectual, cultural and domestic achievements and its strategic limitations and political challenges, contesting reductive narratives of feminism’s progress or decline. It acknowledges that just as 1970s/80s feminists could be ambivalent or indifferent to the oral histories of suffrage campaigners, so their own oral histories must make their case for a new generation’s attention. However, it anticipates the new opportunities offered by evolving technologies to access the emotive voice and sound lost in oral history transcription, and how these can find interactive, creative and inspirational forms in walks, broadcasts, and soundworks, including Mary Kelly’s Multi-Story House. It ends by calling for feminist silence and deep listening as conditions for activism in the crowded and competing noisescape of today. 149 words
Introduction
Authors: Thuesen Peter J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Introduction opens with the story of the 1953 Worcester, Massachusetts, tornado, the deadliest in New England history, as a segue into the book’s central argument: in the tornado, Americans experience something that is at once culturally peculiar (the indigenous storm of the national imagination) and religiously primal (the sense of awe before an unpredictable and mysterious power). No nation has more violent tornadoes than the United States, where a frontier mentality, combined with an Enlightenment-born confidence in scientific progress, has perennially tempted residents to believe they can understand and master the weather. But efforts to unlock tornadoes’ secrets have exposed how little removed Americans are from their premodern ancestors in finding themselves at the mercy of the whirlwind. Americans thus encounter in the tornado something akin to what religion theorist Rudolf Otto called the numinous: an uncanny, uncontrollable, and awe-inspiring mystery.
“As Stubble Before the Wind”
Authors: Thuesen Peter J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 turns to Oklahoma, ground zero of the most violent tornadoes on the planet, where an evangelical Protestant culture meets the frontiers of contemporary meteorological research. Deadly tornadoes in Moore, a suburb of Oklahoma City, have made particularly raw the long-festering question of whether God controls everything that happens. But Oklahomans have also had to confront the converse problem of human complicity in disasters, especially in an era of climate change. Evangelical politicians from Oklahoma have had a disproportionate influence on climate policy in the Trump administration, which has denied the looming crisis of global warming, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary. At the local level, Oklahomans have also had to reckon with the challenge of disaster preparedness, especially the funding of school storm shelters, in a state that often resists governmental “intrusion.”
What’s so special about improvisation?
Authors: MacDonald Raymond A. R. , Wilson Graeme B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews ways in which improvisation has been understood by musicians and psychologists, setting out key features of different theories and considering the assumptions about improvising that inform them. The chapter defines improvisation as: creative, social, ambiguous, spontaneous, and accessible. It discusses different theoretical approaches, proposing the following distinctions: practice-based theories; cognitive theories; psychodynamic theories; neuroscience theories; and ethnomusicology theories. It outlines some problems with existing theories. These include: presuming clear demarcations in the roles and functions of the composer, performer, and improviser; a focus on the products of improvisation while neglecting process; and a focus upon the individual while neglecting group processes. There is a need to challenge current perceptions of improvisation, to get more people improvising and to widen access to improvisational activities.
Religion and Medicine
Authors: Levin Jeff , Post Stephen G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In Religion and Medicine, Dr. Jeff Levin, distinguished Baylor University epidemiologist, outlines the longstanding history of multifaceted interconnections between the institutions of religion and medicine. He traces the history of the encounter between these two institutions from antiquity through to the present day, highlighting a myriad of contemporary alliances between the faith-based and medical sectors. Religion and Medicine tells the story of: religious healers and religiously branded hospitals and healthcare institutions; pastoral professionals involved in medical missions, healthcare chaplaincy, and psychological counseling; congregational health promotion and disease prevention programs and global health initiatives; research studies on the impact of religious and spiritual beliefs and practices on physical and mental health, well-being, and healing; programs and centers for medical research and education within major universities and academic institutions; religiously informed bioethics and clinical decision-making; and faith-based health policy initiatives and advocacy for healthcare reform. Religion and Medicine is the first book to cover the full breadth of this subject. It documents religion-medicine alliances across religious traditions, throughout the world, and over the course of history. It summarizes a wide range of material of relevance to historians, medical professionals, pastors and theologians, bioethicists, scientists, public health educators, and policymakers. The product of decades of rigorous and focused research, Dr. Levin has produced the most comprehensive history of these developments and the finest introduction to this emerging field of scholarship.
Community Members’ Theorization of Their Collective Victimization
Authors: Hopkins Nick , Dobai Anna 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Focusing on Muslims in Europe and in the United States, this chapter examines collective influences on individual theorizing about collective victimization more generally, and Islamophobia specifically. The authors argue that the theorization of collective victimhood is a topic of debate within communities, involving arguments about the breadth and inclusivity of the community and the meaning of culturally shared and identity-relevant narratives. For example, the authors explore how arguments as to how Muslims should make sense of their experience of victimization draw on different interpretations of Qur’anic text. Throughout, the authors discuss the two-way relationship between constructions of victimhood and individual experience, and how different ways of theorizing intergroup relations result in different understandings of the nature of group members’ victimization and how they should respond. The authors’ approach highlights the importance of a contextualized, culturally embedded analysis of how collective victimhood is understood and theorized.
Resentment and Redemption
Authors: Reicher Stephen , Ulusahin Yasemin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines claims of collective victimhood among high-power groups. Specifically, the authors posit that dominant group members claim victimhood when they think their group’s power and dominance are under threat and when they feel entitled to this dominant position, which together give rise to resentment. Additionally, the authors argue that collective victim beliefs among dominant groups do not develop individually but, instead, are mobilized by leaders, who promise solutions to recovering the group’s status and power and thereby create narratives of resentment and redemption. Two case studies are presented that exemplify the four central elements of the mobilization of collective victimhood among dominant groups. These are Donald Trump’s presidential campaign in the United States in 2016, and the propaganda put out by ISIS to recruit new members.
The Tendency to Feel Victimized in Interpersonal and Intergroup Relationships
Authors: Gabay Rahav , Hameiri Boaz , Rubel-Lifschitz Tammy , Nadler Arie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses individual differences in the tendency to perceive interpersonal victimhood, and parallels to collective victimhood. Specifically, some people are more likely than others to perceive victimization on the interpersonal level, experience it more intensely, and incorporate these experiences into their identity. The tendency to perceive (interpersonal) victimhood consists of four dimensions: a need for recognition of suffering, perceived moral superiority, lack of empathy for others’ suffering, and rumination over negative feelings and thoughts related to experienced offenses. People who score higher on these dimensions show greater biases in their interpretation, memory, and attributions of interpersonal transgressions: They recall them more, perceive them as more severe, expect more to be harmed by others, and perceive more harm in ambiguous situations. They are also less willing to forgive transgressions. The authors compare this with parallel findings on intergroup relations in the context of collective violence, arguing that similar processes operate.
Ideas Have Consequences
Authors: Saldin Robert P. , Teles Steven M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter addresses why the Never Trump intellectuals perceive Donald Trump—and increasingly the movement and party that have followed him—through such a dark lens. These are people for whom words are their stock and trade. They do not view the utterances of the president as simple annoyances that are easily ignored next to a record of conservative governance. They believe words are the raw material of culture and that, in a phrase they use often, politics is downstream from culture. They believe the president's words—as well as his actions—have driven a cultural decline that far outweighs short-term policy victories. For some, the cultural decline they associate with the rise of Trump has led them to reconsider conservatism itself, either because they came to see dark elements on the right that they had previously ignored or because they concluded that the party they thought was committed to conserving the nation's liberal traditions had become irredeemably illiberal. For others, Trump presented a profound and inescapable conflict. Ultimately, most of them have come to feel estranged from the party and the movement that had been at the center of their identity.
In Scalia’s Shadow
Authors: Saldin Robert P. , Teles Steven M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the creation of Checks and Balances, a new group of conservative legal critics of the Trump administration. From his racist attack on the federal district judge ruling on the Trump University case and suspicions that he would appoint his own sister to the Supreme Court, to his threats to revise libel law so as to silence his rivals and his nearly total lack of constitutional discussion, Donald Trump was almost no prominent conservative lawyer's first choice. Once he dispatched all his Republican rivals, however, conservative lawyers were in a quandary. The death of Antonin Scalia, the most celebrated conservative jurist of his generation and a leader of the conservative legal movement, put the future of the Supreme Court squarely on the ballot. Once the character of Trump's governance became clear, Checks and Balances emerged to criticize the administration's legal conduct.
The Marginal Value of Economists
Authors: Saldin Robert P. , Teles Steven M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter studies how Donald Trump directly challenged the core beliefs of conservative economists during the campaign, almost gleefully dismissing many of their core beliefs and openly spurning their advice. Indeed, just as he attacked the belief of national security conservatives in international alliances, Trump challenged the core creed of the economics discipline which held that an expanded scale of markets—for goods, capital, and people—was essential to economic growth and human flourishing. Rather than envisioning a world in which economic interdependence makes all nations wealthier, Trump advanced a darker vision in which America was constantly exploited by other nations, a trend that he would counter by making “great deals” that put “America first.” Republican economists had every reason to fear Trump and what he was doing to the party, yet they responded by keeping their distance. Unlike national security professionals, there has been little to no collective action by economists.
Some Traditional Questions of Meter Approached from the Perspective of Projective Process
Authors: Hasty Christopher 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This chapter distinguishes between accent and “unaccent.” To make a distinction between accent and “unaccent,” one could say that the beginning of each sound is accented, and the rest of the sound is unaccented. Clearly, if beginning is regarded as a durationless instant, this statement will make little sense—if beginning is something that can be distinguished from the sound and separated from the sound's duration, accent in this case could not be perceived and regarded as a psychoacoustic attribute. A solution is to regard accent as beginning, but not to detach beginning from the event begun. One could then concur with Moritz Hauptmann that metrical accent is the accent of beginning—that “energy” being an active, creative potential for duration. What, then, would constitute a weak beat or “unaccent”? It could be said that any articulation or any possibility for articulation within the promised duration of the event begun would be “unaccent,” or not the beginning of the event.