bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keto‐coumarin scaffold for photoinitiators for 3D printing and photocomposites
Authors: Abdallah Mira , Dumur Frédéric , Hijazi Akram , Rodeghiero Giacomo , Gualandi Andrea , Cozzi Pier G. , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purposes of this paper are moving toward (a) the development of a new series of photoinitiators (PIs) which are based on the keto‐coumarin (KC) core, (b) the introduction of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as inexpensive and safe sources of irradiation, (c) the study of the photochemical mechanisms through which the new PIs react using different techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, UV–visible or fluorescence spectroscopy, and so on, (d) the use of such compounds (presenting good reactivity and excellent photopolymerization initiating abilities) for two specific and high added value applications: 3D printing (@405 nm) and preparation of thick glass fiber photocomposites with excellent depth of cure, and finally (e) the comparison of the performance of these KC derivatives versus other synthesized coumarin derivatives. In this study, six well‐designed KC derivatives (KC‐C, KC‐D, KC‐E, KC‐F, KC‐G, and KC‐H) are examined as high‐performance visible‐light PIs for the cationic polymerization of epoxides as well as the free‐radical polymerization of acrylates upon irradiation with LED@405 nm. Excellent polymerization rates are obtained using two different approaches: a photo‐oxidation process in combination with an iodonium (Iod) salt and a photo‐reduction process when associated with an amine (N‐phenylglycine or ethyl 4‐(dimethylamino)benzoate). High final reactive conversions were obtained. A full picture of the involved photochemical mechanisms is provided.
Mismatch between subjective and objective motor improvements with adapted tango intervention in older adults
Authors: Bennett Crystal G. , Angel Nathalie , Hackney Madeleine E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between objective and subjective findings of motor function measures in older adults following a 12‐week adapted tango intervention.MethodsA quasi‐experimental repeated‐measures design was used. Secondary analysis of the experimental group (Tango) data is reported here. The study took place in diverse senior independent living communities in an urban metropolitan area. Sixty‐two older adults participated (n = 62, age: M = 82.3, SD = 8.8 years). Participants were assigned to 20 sessions of 90‐min tango classes over 12 weeks. Motor function, depression, mental, and physical quality of life were measured before and after intervention. At post‐test, satisfaction and subjective measures of motor function were assessed by participants indicating their level of agreement with statements that they improved in objective domains of motor function. Correlations were performed between subjectively rated agreement and changes in motor function, depression, and quality of life.ResultsA strong negative correlation was found between subjective ratings and empirically observed improvements in balance (r = −.423) and endurance (r = −.241), although participant ratings correlated moderately with manual dual tasking (r = .319) and weakly correlated with lower body strength (r = .188). Decreased depression was correlated with subjectively improved lower body strength (r = .271) and endurance (r = .254). Improved mental quality of life was strongly (r = .423) correlated with subjectively improved balance and moderately correlated with improved manual dual tasking (r = .306).ConclusionAfter rehabilitation, even with improved depression and quality of life, older adults may not perceive empirically observed motor function improvements, particularly in balance and lower body strength. This study informs clinicians on the importance of assessing subjective data during rehabilitation to provide older adults with person‐centred care.
Bioactivities of synthetic salicylate‐substituted carboxyl (E)‐β‐Farnesene derivatives as ecofriendly agrochemicals and their binding mechanism with potential targets in aphid olfactory system
Authors: Qin Yao‐Guo , Yang Zhao‐Kai , Song Dun‐Lun , Wang Qian , Gu Shao‐Hua , Li Wen‐Hao , Duan Hong‐Xia , Zhou Jing‐Jiang , Yang Xin‐Ling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aphid alarm pheromone, (E)‐β‐farnesene (EβF), is a natural product secreted from the aphid cornicle as a signal to warn companions of danger. Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are the vital targets in insect signal transduction pathways. To improve bioactivity of EβF as more economic and stable aphid control agents, EβF derivatives containing an active substructure, salicylic acid moiety, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their bioactivities in a structure–function study under laboratory conditions.RESULTSEβF derivatives, (E)‐3,7‐dimethylocta‐2,6‐dien‐1‐yl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbenzoate and (E)‐3,7‐dimethylocta‐2,6‐dien‐1‐yl‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzoate showed outstanding aphid‐repellent activity at a dose of 5 μg against Acyrthosiphon pisum (repellency proportions of 67.3% and 71.2%, respectively) and Myzus persicae (repellency proportions of 80.0% and 74.4%, respectively) in laboratory. EβF and most of its derivatives bound strongly to ApisOBP9 with a higher affinity than those of the reported potential targets AphisOBP3 and ApisOBP7. The binding affinities to these three ApisOBPs were generally consistent with the in vivo aphid‐repellent activity. A molecular docking study suggested that the hydrophobic effect was crucial for the interactions between the derivatives and the OBPs.CONCLUSIONNew EβF derivatives containing salicylic acid moiety and their repellent activity, binding mechanism with three potential OBPs are presented. A new OBP, ApisOBP9, was characterized as a potential EβF and EβF derivatives binding protein for the first time. The hydrophobic nature of these analogues is responsible for their activity. Two analogues 3b and 3e with outstanding aphid‐repellent activity could be new leads for aphid control agents.
Nanomaterial‐wrapped dsCYP15C1, a potential RNAi‐based strategy for pest control against Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Sun Yajie , Wang Peipei , Abouzaid Mostafa , Zhou Hao , Liu Hui , Yang Pan , Lin Yongjun , Hull J Joe , Ma Weihua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the utility of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA)‐mediated knockdown as an environmentally friendly pest management strategy has gained traction in recent years, its overall efficacy has been limited by poor stability and limited cellular uptake. Encapsulation of dsRNAs with various nanomaterials, however, has shown promise in overcoming these limitations. This study sought to investigate the biological efficacy of an oral dsRNA nanomaterial mixture targeting the CYP15C1 gene product in the economically important rice pest, Chilo suppressalis.RESULTSA putative CYP15C1 ortholog was cloned from C. suppressalis midguts. The transcript is downregulated in fifth‐instar larvae and is most highly expressed in heads. RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated knockdown of CsCYP15C1 was associated with significantly increased mortality. More importantly, feeding a dsRNA–nanomaterial mixture significantly increased larval mortality compared with feeding dsRNA alone.CONCLUSIONA critical role for CsCYP15C1 function in molting is supported by sequence similarity with known juvenile hormone epoxidases, its expression profile, and abnormal molting phenotypes associated with RNA‐mediated knockdown. CsCYP15C1 is thus a prime target for controlling C. suppressalis. Furthermore, RNAi‐mediated characterization of candidate gene function can be enhanced by incorporating an enveloping nanomaterial. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
START: single‐to‐double arm transition design for phase II clinical trials
Authors: Shi Haolun , Zhang Teng , Yin Guosheng 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPhase II clinical trials designed for evaluating a drug's treatment effect can be either single‐arm or double‐arm. A single‐arm design tests the null hypothesis that the response rate of a new drug is lower than a fixed threshold, whereas a double‐arm scheme takes a more objective comparison of the response rate between the new treatment and the standard of care through randomization. Although the randomized design is the gold standard for efficacy assessment, various situations may arise where a single‐arm pilot study prior to a randomized trial is necessary. To combine the single‐ and double‐arm phases and pool the information together for better decision making, we propose a Single‐To‐double ARm Transition design (START) with switching hypotheses tests, where the first stage compares the new drug's response rate with a minimum required level and imposes a continuation criterion, and the second stage utilizes randomization to determine the treatment's superiority. We develop a software package in R to calibrate the frequentist error rates and perform simulation studies to assess the trial characteristics. Finally, a metastatic pancreatic cancer trial is used for illustrating the decision rules under the proposed START design.
Bioinspired oxidation in cytochrome P450 of isomers orientin and isoorientin using Salen complexes
Authors: Chagas Mariane B. , Pontes Daniel O.B. , Albino Allan V.D. , Ferreira Emanuel J. , Alves Jovelina S.F. , Paiva Anallicy S. , Pontes Daniel L. , Langansser Silvana M.Z. , Ferreira Leandro S. 
Published: February 2020

RationaleOrientin and isoorientin are C‐glycosidic flavonoids, considered as markers of some plant species such as Passiflora edulis var. flavicarpa Degener, and reported in the literature to have pharmacological properties. In order to evaluate and characterize the in vitro metabolism of these flavonoids, phase I biotransformation reactions were simulated using Salen complexes.MethodsThese flavonoids were oxidized separately in biomimetic reactions in different proportions, using one oxidant, m‐chloroperbenzoic acid or iodosylbenzene, and one catalyst, the Jacobsen catalyst or [Mn(3‐MeOSalen)Cl]. The [Mn(3‐MeOSalen)Cl] catalyst was synthesized and characterized using spectrometric techniques. The oxidation potentials of the catalysts were compared. All reactions were monitored and analyzed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography diode‐array detection (UHPLC‐DAD) and high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS).ResultsThe analysis by UHPLC‐DAD and HPLC/MS/MS showed that isoorientin produces more products than orientin and that [Mn(3‐MeOSalen)Cl] produces more products than the Jacobsen catalyst. In addition, [Mn(3‐MeOSalen)Cl], which has a higher oxidation potential, formed products with the addition of one or two atoms of oxygen, while the Jacobsen catalyst formed compounds with only one added oxygen atom. The products with the addition of one oxygen atom were mainly epoxides, while those with two added oxygens formed an epoxide in the C‐ring and incorporated the other oxygen into the glycosidic moiety.ConclusionsThe formation of epoxides is common in biomimetic reactions and they may represent a safety risk in medicinal products due to their high reactivity. This study may serve as a basis for subsequent pharmacological and toxicological studies that investigate the presence of these compounds as phase I metabolites, and ensure the safe use of plant products containing orientin as a chemical marker.
Wood availability and habitat heterogeneity drive spatiotemporal habitat use by riverine cyprinids under flow intermittence
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni , Vardakas Leonidas , Vourka Aikaterini , Koutsikos Nicholas , Theodoropoulos Christos , Galia Tomas , Skoulikidis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInterspecies and intraspecies variation in the use of wooded habitats has been studied for salmonids, but little is known about nonsalmonid species. In this study, we explored spatiotemporal differences in the distribution of three cyprinid species at habitats of varying wood density and at habitats of varying heterogeneity in a Mediterranean intermittent river (Evrotas, southern Greece). Hydroecological data from 843 microhabitats across four sites and in five sampling periods were collected and analysed using generalized linear mixed effects models. Adult chubs, minnowroaches, and minnows and, to a lesser degree, juvenile chubs, preferred complex, wooded habitats, characterized by lower flow velocities, higher water depths, finer substrate, and increased canopy cover, compared with wood‐free and noncomplex habitats. At the advanced stage of the dry period, the deeper, wooded habitats served as drought refugia; all fish groups, except for the adult chub, resorted to these habitats during autumn. In contrast, no such shifts were evident in early summer at the onset of the dry period. In late spring, all fish groups had higher densities at wooded habitats, a shift probably associated with reproduction. Wood density did not affect fish habitat use, as fish densities were similar across wooded habitats. In contrast, habitat heterogeneity significantly affected fish densities; more adult chubs and minnows were observed in complex habitats, whereas juvenile chubs and minnowroaches clearly preferred less complex habitats. We conclude that the targeted maintenance of instream wood structures to ensure habitat heterogeneity is a key‐action for the successful conservation of riverine fish populations.
α‐Lipoic acid protects against microcystin‐LR induced hepatotoxicity through regeneration of glutathione via activation of Nrf2
Authors: Gu Lihong , Li Shangchun , Bai Jun , Zhang Qingbi , Han Zhixia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMicrocystins (MCs), as the most dominant bloom‐forming strains in eutrophic surface water, can induce hepatotoxicity by oxidative stress. Alpha‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) is a super antioxidant that can induce the synthesis of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), by nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, the potential molecular mechanism of α‐LA regeneration of GSH remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether α‐LA could reduce the toxicity of MCs induced in human hepatoma (HepG2), Bel7420 cells, and BALB/c mice by activating Nrf2 to regenerate GSH. Results showed that exposure to 10 μM microcystin‐leucine arginine (MC‐LR) reduced viability of HepG2 and Bel7402 cells and promoted the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with untreated cells. Moreover, the protection of α‐LA included reducing the level of ROS, increasing superoxide dismutase activity, and decreasing malondialdehyde. Levels of reduced glutathione (rGSH) and rGSH/oxidized glutathione were significantly increased in cells cotreated with α‐LA and MC‐LR compared to those treated with MC‐LR alone, indicating an ability of α‐LA to attenuate oxidative stress and MC‐LR‐induced cytotoxicity by increasing the amount of rGSH. α‐LA can mediate GSH regeneration through the Nrf2 pathway under the action of glutathione reductase in MC‐LR cell lines. Furthermore, the data also showed that α‐LA‐induced cytoprotection against MC‐LR is associated with Nrf2 mediate pathway in vivo. These findings demonstrated the potential of α‐LA to resist MC‐LR‐induced oxidative damage of liver.
Protective effect of Diosmin against benzo(a)pyrene‐induced lung injury in Swiss Albino Mice
Authors: Islam Johirul , Shree Alpa , Afzal Shekh M. , Vafa Abul , Sultana Sarwat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDiosmin, a naturally occurring flavonoid commonly present in citrus fruit, is known to exhibit anti‐inflammatory, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging as well as blood lipid lowering activities among others. Diosmin has also been used for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. Our study explores the role of Diosmin in pulmonary toxicity (lung injury) induced by environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]. Swiss Albino Mice (SAM) were administered with either Diosmin 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days and then challenged with a single dose of B(a)P. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed; lung tissues and blood were collected for molecular analysis. B(a)P administration in mice induced the thickening of lung epithelium, damaged alveolar architecture, and promoted inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues. Also, B[a]P significantly increased the expression of NF‐kB, COX‐2, IL‐6, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP proteins and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. Diosmin‐100 and Diosmin‐200 significantly attenuated the damage to lung epithelium, alveolar architecture, and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues of mice. Diosmin significantly (P < .05) attenuated the levels of oxidative stress markers: lactate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase. A decrease in expression of NF‐kB, COX‐2, IL‐6, Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP proteins in mice was challenged with B[a]P. Diosmin thus could be a promising therapeutic adjuvant against B[a]P‐induced oxidative stress and lung damage.
Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of ethanolic propolis extract on C6 glioma cells
Authors: Coskun Zeynep M. , Ersoz Melike , Gecili Melike , Ozden Aytek , Acar Aynur 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPropolis is a natural resinous substance obtained from beehives, and emerging evidence supports that it has antitumor, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The aim of the study is to examine the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and apoptotic features of ethanolic propolis extract (PE) on C6 glioma cells. The cells were treated with ethanolic PE at various concentrations for 24 hours, after which the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status; malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, and glutathione (GSH) levels; Cu/Zn‐superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‐SOD) activity; and apoptotic markers were measured. Ethanolic PE at 100, 250, and 500 μg/mL concentrations showed optimal activity on C6 glioma cells. TAS and GSH levels were significantly increased in C6 glioma cells treated with 100 and 500 μg/mL PE compared to control cells (P < .05). Similarly, the activity of Cu/Zn‐SOD was higher in C6 glioma cells treated with 250 or 500 μg/mL ethanolic PE compared to control cells (P < .05), as was the caspase‐3 mRNA expression level. The highest levels of caspase‐8 and ‐9 expression were in C6 glioma cells treated with 500 μg/mL PE. Collectively, our results indicate that ethanolic PE has cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on C6 glioma cells. Furthermore, it may provide a protective role in the antioxidant defense system. PE shows potential for development as a natural antioxidant and apoptotic agent for the treatment of brain tumors.
Cardiac protection of Bauhinia championii against reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Yun‐Fang , Chen Wei‐Yu , Chung Ching‐Hu , Kuo Chao‐Lin , Lee An‐Sheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the protective effects of the Bauhinia championii (BC) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced injury in an isolated heart model. Langendorff‐perfused C57BL/6JNarl mice hearts were performed with 30 minutes ischemia and 60 minutes reperfusion by left anterior descending artery ligation. Before reperfusion, boiling water extracts of BC (10 mg/L) was pretreated for 15 minutes. During reperfusion, BC significantly decreased the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias by lead II electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrophysiological effect of BC was further determined in isolated ventricular myocytes by whole‐cell patch clamp technique. The underlying mechanism may result from its Na+ channel blocking activity characterized with reduced rise slope of action potential and Na+ current density. Moreover, BC dramatically reduced I/R‐caused infarct size, which was accessed by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay. Since BC decreased I/R‐induced myoglobin release and oxidation of Ca2+‐calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase, inhibition of myocardial necroptosis may account for the protective effects of BC on myocytes lose. This study indicated that BC may prevent I/R induced ventricular arrhythmias and myocyte death by blocking Na+ channels and decreasing necroptosis, respectively. Since most of the available antiarrhythmic remedies have unwanted adverse actions, BC could be a novel candidate for the treatment of myocardial infarction and ventricular arrhythmia.
The Wickerhamiella/Starmerella clade—A treasure trove for the study of the evolution of yeast metabolism
Authors: Gonçalves Paula , Gonçalves Carla , Brito Patrícia H. , Sampaio José Paulo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Wickerhamiella and Starmerella genera form a clade (W/S clade) that branches close to Yarrowia lipolytica in the Saccharomycotina species tree. It comprises approximately 90 recognized species and 50 putative new species not formally described yet. The large majority of the members of the W/S clade are ecologically associated with flowers and floricolous insects. Many species exhibit unusual metabolic traits, like fructophily and the production of sophorolipids, which are glycolipids that can be used as environmentally friendly biosurfactants. Genomic data have not only firmly established the W/S clade but have also revealed a tumultuous evolution of metabolism marked by losses and gains of important metabolic pathways, among which alcoholic fermentation. Possibly the most surprising finding brought to light by comparative genomics concerned the large number of genes acquired by some species of the W/S clade from bacteria through horizontal gene transfer, many of which were shown to be functional in their new setting. This was facilitated by the genetic tractability of one species in the clade, Starmerella bombicola, which is used for the industrial production of sophorolipids. We suggest that high‐density coverage of genome sequencing in this clade, combined with the possibility to conduct molecular genetics experiments in at least one species, has the potential to set the stage for yet more exciting discoveries concerning the evolution of yeast metabolism.
Mirror symmetry and line operators
Authors: Dimofte Tudor , Garner Niklas , Geracie Michael , Hilburn Justin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study half-BPS line operators in 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 gauge theories, focusing in particular on the algebras of local operators at their junctions. It is known that there are two basic types of such line operators, distinguished by the SUSY subalgebras that they preserve; the two types can roughly be called “Wilson lines” and “vortex lines,” and are exchanged under 3d mirror symmetry. We describe a large class of vortex lines that can be characterized by basic algebraic data, and propose a mathematical scheme to compute the algebras of local operators at their junctions — including monopole operators — in terms of this data. The computation generalizes mathematical and physical definitions/analyses of the bulk Coulomb-branch chiral ring. We fully classify the junctions of half-BPS Wilson lines and of half-BPS vortex lines in abelian gauge theories with sufficient matter. We also test our computational scheme in a non-abelian quiver gauge theory, using a 3d-mirror-map of line operators from work of Assel and Gomis.