bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A realist synthesis of pharmacist-conducted medication reviews in primary care after leaving hospital: what works for whom and why?
Authors: Luetsch Karen , Rowett Debra , Twigg Michael J 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMedication reviews for people transitioning from one healthcare setting to another potentially improve health outcomes, although evidence for outcome benefits varies. It is unclear when and why medication reviews performed by pharmacists in primary care for people who return from hospital to the community lead to beneficial outcomes.ObjectiveA realist synthesis was undertaken to develop a theory of what works, for whom, why and under which circumstances when pharmacists conduct medication reviews in primary care for people leaving hospital.MethodsThe realist synthesis was performed in accordance with Realist And MEta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards reporting standards. An initial programme theory informed a systematic literature search of databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, OpenGrey, Trove), augmented by agency and government sources of information. Documents were synthesised by exploring interactions between contexts, intervention, outcomes and causal mechanisms.ResultsThe synthesis identified 9 contexts in which 10 mechanisms can be activated to influence outcomes of pharmacist medication reviews conducted in primary care postdischarge. For a medication review to take place these include trust patients have in healthcare professionals, their healthcare priorities postdischarge, capacity to participate, perceptions of benefit and effort, and awareness required by all involved. For the medication review process, mechanisms which issue an invitation to collaborate between healthcare professionals, enable pharmacists employing clinical skills and taking responsibility for medication review outcomes were linked to more positive outcomes for patients.ConclusionsMedication reviews after hospital discharge seem to work successfully when conducted according to patient preferences, programmes promote coordination and collaboration between healthcare professionals and establish trust, and pharmacists take responsibility for outcomes. Findings of this realist synthesis can inform postdischarge medication review service models.
Orthostatic hypotension: a pragmatic guide to diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Gibbon Jake Ryan , Frith James 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTopics for DTB review articles are selected by DTB’s editorial board to provide concise overviews of medicines and other treatments to help patients get the best care. Articles include a summary of key points and a brief overview for patients. Articles may also have a series of multiple choice CME questions.
Evaluation of a novel approach to recognising community-acquired paediatric sepsis at ED triage by combining an electronic screening algorithm with clinician assessment
Authors: Gomes Sylvester , Wood Darryl , Ayis Salma , Haliasos Nikolaos , Roland Damian 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveWe report the utilisation and impact of a novel triage-based electronic screening tool (eST) combined with clinical assessment to recognise sepsis in paediatric ED.MethodsAn electronic sepsis screening tool was implemented in the paediatric EDs of two large UK secondary care hospitals between June 2018 and January 2019. Patients eligible for screening were children < 16 years of ages excluding those with minor injuries or who were brought directly to resuscitation. Subsequently, a retrospective evaluation was performed to determine the performance of the tool alone and in combination with clinical assessment after triage, to identify septic patients, using sensitivity, specificity, positive, negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) and likelihood ratios.Results19 912 children were triaged during the study period, of whom 90 (0.45%) were classified as having sepsis. 99% of all eligible patients were screened. The eST alerted for 2651 (13.3%) patients. After immediate physician assessment, 151 were treated for sepsis in the ED, of whom 70 had a final diagnosis of sepsis. Eight patients who were not thought to be septic returned with sepsis within 24 hours. The eST showed a sensitivity of 86.7% (95% CI 77.5% to 92.6%), specificity 87.0% (95% CI 86.5% to 87.5%), PPV 2.94% (95% CI 2.35% to 3.68%), NPV 99.9% (95% CI 99.8% to 99.9%) which improved with combined clinical assessment to a sensitivity of 90.0% (95% CI 81.4% to 95.0%), specificity 99.4 (95% CI 99.3% to 99.5%), PPV 42.0 (95% CI 35.0% to 49.3%) and NPV 99.9% (95% CI 99.9% to 99.9%).ConclusionUtilisation of a novel triage-based eST allowed sepsis screening in over 99% of eligible patients. The screening tool showed good accuracy to recognise sepsis at triage in the ED, which was augmented further by combining it with clinician assessment. The screening tool requires further refinement through multicentre evaluation to avoid missing sepsis cases.
Paediatric patients seen in 18 emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Goldman Ran D , Grafstein Eric , Barclay Neil , Irvine Michael A , Portales-Casamar Elodie 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPublic health mitigation strategies in British Columbia during the pandemic included stay-at-home orders and closure of non-essential services. While most primary physicians’ offices were closed, hospitals prepared for a pandemic surge and emergency departments (EDs) stayed open to provide care for urgent needs. We sought to determine whether ED paediatric presentations prior and during the COVID-19 pandemic changed and review acuity compared with seasonal adjusted prior year.MethodsWe analysed records from 18 EDs in British Columbia, Canada, serving 60% of the population. We included children 0–16 years old and excluded those with no recorded acuity or discharge disposition and those left without being seen by a physician. We compared prepandemic (before the first COVID-19 case), early pandemic (after first COVID-19 case) and peak pandemic (during public health emergency) periods as well as a similar time from the previous year.ResultsA reduction of 57% and 70% in overall visits was recorded in the children’s hospital ED and the general hospitals EDs, respectively. Average daily visits declined significantly during the peak-pandemic period (167.44±40.72) compared with prepandemic period (543.53±58.8). Admission rates increased mainly due to the decrease in the rate of visits with lower acuity. Children with complaints of ‘fever’ and ‘gastrointestinal’ symptoms had both the largest overall volume and per cent reduction in visits between peak-pandemic and prior year (79% and 74%, respectively).ConclusionPaediatric emergency medicine attendances were reduced to one-third of normal numbers during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in British Columbia, Canada, with the reduction mainly seen in minor illnesses that do not usually require admission.
Peripheral venous pressure changes during exercise are associated with adverse Fontan outcomes
Authors: Colman Kathleen , Alsaied Tarek , Lubert Adam , Rossiter Harry B , Mays Wayne A , Powell Adam W , Knecht Sandra , Poe Danielle , Ollberding Nicholas , Gao Zhiqian , Chin Clifford , Veldtman Gruschen R 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveElevated central venous pressure (CVP) plays an important role in the development of adverse Fontan outcomes. Peripheral venous pressure (PVP) has been validated as a surrogate for CVP in Fontan patients. We hypothesised that PVP in response to exercise will be associated with a greater prevalence of Fontan morbidity.MethodsAdult Fontan patients had cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with PVP monitoring in the upper extremity between 2015 and 2018. PVP at rest, during unloaded cycling and at peak exercise was compared between those with and without adverse Fontan outcomes including arrhythmia, unscheduled hospital admissions, heart failure requiring diuretics, need for reintervention and a composite outcome of the above morbidities, heart transplantation and death.ResultsForty-six patients with a mean age at CPET of 26.9±9.5 years. During exercise, PVP increased from 13.6±3.5 mm Hg at rest, to 16.5±3.9 mm Hg during unloaded cycling, to 23.0±5.5 mm Hg at peak exercise. Unloaded and peak PVP were more strongly associated than resting PVP with all adverse outcomes, except reintervention (composite outcome: resting PVP: OR 2.8, p=0.023; unloaded PVP: OR 6.1, p=0.001; peak PVP: OR 4.0, p<0.001). Cut-offs determined using ROC curve analysis had high specificity for the composite outcome (88% unloaded PVP ≥18 mm Hg; 89% peak PVP ≥25 mm Hg).ConclusionHigher PVP at unloaded and peak exercise was strongly associated with a higher prevalence of adverse Fontan outcomes. Minimally invasive PVP monitoring during CPET may serve as a useful tool for risk stratifying individuals with a Fontan.
Power loss is attenuated following a second bout of high-intensity eccentric contractions due to the repeated bout effect’s protection of rate of torque and velocity development
Authors: Hinks Avery , Hess Adam , Debenham Mathew I.B. , Chen Jackey , Mazara Nicole , Inkol Keaton A. , Cervone Daniel T. , Spriet Lawrence L. , Dalton Brian H. , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2020

High-intensity unaccustomed eccentric contractions result in weakness and power loss because of fatigue and muscle damage. Through the repeated bout effect (RBE), adaptations occur, then damage and weakness are attenuated following a subsequent bout. However, it is unclear whether the RBE protects peak power output. We investigated the influence of the RBE on power production and estimated fatigue- and damage-induced neuromuscular impairments following repeated high-intensity eccentric contractions. Twelve healthy adult males performed 5 sets of 30 maximal eccentric elbow flexions and repeated an identical bout 4 weeks later. Recovery was tracked over 7 days following both bouts. Reduced maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque, and increased serum creatine kinase and self-reported soreness indirectly inferred muscle damage. Peak isotonic power, time-dependent measures — rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of torque development (RTD) — and several electrophysiological indices of neuromuscular function were assessed. The RBE protected peak power, with a protective index of 66% 24 h after the second eccentric exercise bout. The protection of power also related to preserved RVD (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.01) and RTD (R2 = 0.39, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the RBE’s protection against muscle damage permitted the estimation of fatigue-associated neuromuscular performance decrements following eccentric exercise. Novelty: The repeated bout effect protects peak isotonic power. Protection of peak power relates to preserved rates of torque and velocity development, but more so rate of velocity development. The repeated bout effect has little influence on indices of neuromuscular fatigue.
Chimera States and Seizures in a Mouse Neuronal Model
Authors: Mitchell Henry M. , Dodds Peter Sheridan , Mahoney J. Matthew , Danforth Christopher M. 
Published: October 2020

Chimera states — the coexistence of synchrony and asynchrony in a nonlocally-coupled network of identical oscillators — are often used as a model framework for epileptic seizures. Here, we explore the dynamics of chimera states in a network of modified Hindmarsh–Rose neurons, configured to reflect the graph of the mesoscale mouse connectome. Our model produces superficially epileptiform activity converging on persistent chimera states in a large region of a two-parameter space governing connections (a) between subcortices within a cortex and (b) between cortices. Our findings contribute to a growing body of literature suggesting mathematical models can qualitatively reproduce epileptic seizure dynamics.
The Mariner Field, Block 9/11a, UK North Sea
Authors: Silcock S. Y. , Baptie R. J. , Iheobi A. , Frost S. , Simms A. , Brettle M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Mariner Field is located on the East Shetland Platform in UK Block 9/11, 320 km to the NE of Aberdeen. The 9/11-1 well was drilled in 1981, discovering oil in the Paleocene Heimdal Sandstone Member and the Paleocene Maureen Formation.
The deeper Maureen Formation was deposited on a submarine slope as canyon fill, and overspill canyon sands and debrites. The Heimdal Sandstone Member was deposited above the Maureen Formation on the same inherited, but younger, submarine slope system as deep-water slope channels, and is encased within suspension-deposited Lista Formation claystones. These slope channel sands have undergone post-depositional remobilization and sand-injection processes, leading to the complex sandstone geometries identified and mapped on seismic data.
During a 36-year period, 28 exploration, appraisal and production test wells were drilled in UK Block 9/11, but only now is the field finally undergoing development. The long interval between discovery and development is due to several key issues, including the fact that development of heavy oil is technically and commercially challenging, and that the seismic imaging of the Heimdal Sandstone Member has been difficult or not possible until recently. These challenges are being overcome and the Mariner Field started producing in August 2019.
The Tolmount Field, Block 42/28d, UK North Sea
Authors: Miles A. , Allen M. , Fairweather L. , Hilton J. , Sloan H. , Zapico-Palmero P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Tolmount Field is a lean gas condensate accumulation located in Block 42/28d of the UK Southern North Sea. The field was discovered in 2011 by well 42/28d-12, which encountered good-quality gas-bearing reservoir sandstones of the Permian Leman Sandstone Formation. The discovery was appraised in 2013 by wells 42/28d-13 and 42/28d-13Z, which logged the gas–water contact on the eastern flank of the field. The Tolmount structure is a four-way, dip-closed, faulted anticline, orientated NW to SE. The reservoir comprises mixed aeolian dune and fluvial sheetflood facies deposited within an arid continental basin. Dune sands display the best reservoir properties with porosities around 22% and permeabilities exceeding 100 mD. Only minor diagenetic alteration has occurred, primarily in the form of grain-coating illite. Superior reservoir quality is observed at Tolmount compared to adjacent areas, due to the preservation of dune facies, a hypothesized early gas emplacement and a relatively benign burial history. Current mapped gas initially-in-place estimates for the field are between 450 bcf and 800 bcf, with an estimated recovery factor between 70 and 90%. An initial four-well development is planned, with first gas expected in 2020.
The Birgitta Field, Block 22/19a, UK North Sea
Authors: Goffey G. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Birgitta Field was discovered by well 22/19-1 which encountered a 230 ft gas–condensate column in Triassic Skagerrak Formation and tested at a combined rate of 38.3 MMscfgd and 3750 bcpd. The tilted-fault block trap forms the crest of a Triassic ‘pod’ or mini-basin formed by salt withdrawal during Triassic extension, further rotated and eroded during Jurassic extension. Field extent is supported by apparent seismic hydrocarbon indications. An early oil charge was likely converted to condensate by Plio-Pleistocene gas influx and rapid burial, whilst an underlying palaeoresidual gas column reflects some trap leakage.
Birgitta typifies certain Triassic reservoir characteristics in this part of the Central North Sea. The thick, relatively high net:gross reservoir comprises moderate to poorly sorted, sub-lithic to sub-arkosic sandstones deposited in a dryland braided fluvial system. Pore-lining chlorite overgrowths dominate the pore fabric, reducing pore throat sizes and contributing to appreciable levels of non-effective micro-porosity and hence elevated water saturation. Key petrophysical challenges are the accurate determination of effective porosity and water saturation.
Birgitta approaches high pressure–high temperature conditions and illustrates some of the challenges of progressing small, unappraised field tie-backs. These include resource uncertainty, compartmentalization risk, infrastructure access and marginal economics. Evaluated for development several times, Birgitta presently remains undeveloped.
The Glenlivet Field, Block 214/30a, UK Atlantic Margin
Authors: Clark J. , Parry C. , Rowlands M. , Tessier A. , Mazzuchelli D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Glenlivet Field, located in Block 214/30a within the Faroe–Shetland Basin, was put on production in August 2017. It lies approximately 70 km NW of the Shetland Islands, in a water depth of
c.
440 m. The development consists of two subsea wells that produce gas condensate from the Paleocene Vaila Formation, which comprises deep-water turbidite deposits with excellent petrophysical properties. It is part of a joint development scheme along with the Edradour Field that sees the commingled multiphase production transported to the Shetland Gas Plant via tie-back to the pre-existing Laggan–Tormore flowlines. Glenlivet is operated by Total E&P UK Ltd under the P1195 licence since September 2014 with Ineos E&P (UK) Ltd and SSE E&P UK Ltd as partners.
The Elgin, Franklin, Glenelg and West Franklin fields, Blocks 22/30b, 22/30c, 29/4d, 29/5b and 29/5c, UK North Sea
Authors: Irving A. D. , Raphael K. F. , Rennison P. M. , Lewis R. , Cruickshank C. D. , Rengifo R. A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Elgin, Franklin, Glenelg and West Franklin fields lie approximately 240 km (150 miles) east of Aberdeen in Blocks 22/30b, 22/30c, 29/4d, 29/5b and 29/5c of the UK Central Graben. Franklin was discovered in 1985, Elgin in 1991, Glenelg in 1999 and West Franklin in 2003. Elgin is a complex faulted anticline comprising four panels, while the others are simpler, tilted fault block structures. The main reservoir is the Upper Jurassic Fulmar Formation shoreface sandstone, although the Middle Jurassic Pentland and Triassic Skagerrak formations have also been produced on Franklin. Initial pressure was
c.
1100 bar (16 000 psi), with a reservoir temperature of around 190°C (375°F). Production wells are drilled from four wellhead platforms; all connected to a central process, utilities and quarters facility above Elgin. Gas and condensate production started in 2001 from six wells on each of Elgin and Franklin, with the plateau being extended by satellite and infill wells. The project remains the world's largest high-pressure–high-temperature development, requiring continued innovations in geoscience, drilling, completion and operations. Cumulative production at end 2017 is 886 Mboe, with estimated ultimate recovery around 1300 Mboe.
Chiswick and Kew fields, Blocks 49/4a, 49/4b, 49/4c, 49/5a and 49/5b, UK North Sea
Authors: Smit W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Chiswick Field is a Carboniferous gas field located in UK Blocks 49/4a and 49/4b in the Southern North Sea, approximately 18 km NW of the Markham Field, close to the UK–Netherlands median line. The Kew Field is situated approximately 3 km NE of the Chiswick Field. The Kew structure is a NW–SE-trending horst separated from the Chiswick Field, a large anticlinal domal structure, by a major NW–SE fault and a structural low. The productive reservoir units are Carboniferous (Westphalian A and B) fluvial sandstones.
Both fields are situated on the eastern edge of the Silverpit Basin (part of the Southern Permian Basin). The initial exploration drilling had Leman Sandstone Formation as the primary objective, but the first wells encountered a tight Permian reservoir with gas-bearing Carboniferous reservoirs, subsequently appraised and developed.
The current estimate for the gas initially in place of Chiswick and Kew is respectively 687 bcf and 85 bcf in the Carboniferous reservoir. The fields to date (Q4 2018) have produced respectively 220 bcf and 33 bcf sales gas. Gas recovery is through natural depletion from hydraulically fractured, horizontal development wells.
The Viking Fields, Blocks 49/11d, 49/12a, 49/16a, 49/16c, 49/17a, UK North Sea
Authors: Anston-Race S. E. , Ganesh D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The Viking Fields were a gas development in the UK Southern North Sea,
c.
130 km east of the Lincolnshire coast in 30 m water depth and covering Blocks 49/11d, 49/12a, 49/16a, 49/16c, 49/17a. The area comprised the Viking A, B, C, D and E Fields.

The Viking Fields were discovered in 1965 and started producing in 1972. The development was in two phases from 1971 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2000; the latter phase included the ‘Phoenix development’. The fields continued to produce until September 2015. Plugging and abandonment of the Viking Field wells was complete in 2017, with final decommissioning planned for 2021.
The Viking Fields have produced 3.3 tcf of gas from the Rotliegend Group, Leman Sandstone Formation, aeolian-dominated reservoir rocks with a porosity range of 7–25% and average permeability of >100 mD. The Viking reservoirs are impacted by NE--SW De Keyser faults which often delineate and compartmentalize the reservoirs. The final recovery factor for the Viking Fields was 90%. This paper summarizes the geology, development history and performance of these legacy assets.
The Penguins Cluster, Blocks 211/13a and 211/14, UK North Sea
Authors: Thorpe D. , Porter M. , McKie T. , Ritchie L. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Penguins Cluster of fields are owned jointly (50:50) by Shell UK Ltd (Shell) and Esso Exploration and Production UK Ltd (Esso), with Shell as the operator. The cluster was discovered in 1974 and is composed of a combination of oil and gas condensate accumulations located 50–65 km north of the Brent Field, at the northern end of the North Viking Graben. Two main producing reservoirs are present: the Penguins West Field (Penguin A) consists of an Upper Jurassic Magnus Sandstone Member reservoir, while the Penguins East Field (Penguin C, D and E) consists of a Middle Jurassic Brent Group reservoir, underlain by currently undeveloped Statfjord and Triassic (Cormorant) reservoirs. The Magnus reservoir is composed of turbidite sands with an average porosity of 15% and permeabilities of 0.10–300 mD. The Brent reservoirs are composed of deltaic shoreface deposits with an average porosity of 14% and permeabilities of 0.01–1000 mD.

The fields were brought on stream in 2003 as a subsea development via what at the time was the world's longest comingled tieback to the Brent Charlie facility. A total of nine producing wells have been drilled from four subsea manifolds, producing
c.
78 MMboe to date through depletion drive.
The Morag Field, Block 16/29a, UK North Sea
Authors: Gluyas J. G. , Słowakiewicz M. , Tucker M. E. , Gutteridge P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Morag Field is a small oilfield underlying the Maureen Field in UK Block 16/29a. Black oil is trapped within Upper Permian, Morag Member, vuggy and fractured dolomite rafts between 9300 and 10 600 ft true vertical depth subsea. The dolomite reservoir occurs at the top of a Zechstein salt dome. Morag was discovered in 1979 by well 16/29a-A1, the first platform well drilled for the overlying Maureen Field with its Paleocene sandstone reservoir. Morag was produced via a single well (16/29a-A1) between 1991 and 1994. Three more platform wells were drilled into the Permian interval prior to Maureen Field start up but only one penetrated oil-bearing dolomite (16/29a-A2). An additional well (16/29a–A23Z) was drilled into the Morag Field in 1993. The well encountered Morag Member at virgin pressure and tested oil at high flow rate but then the well failed due to mechanical problems. Oil in place was calculated to be about 24 MMbbl in four independent fault blocks. Ultimately 16/29a-A1 delivered 2.6 MMbbl from a fault block calculated to have held 6.7 MMbbl stock tank oil initially in place.