bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN TURKEY
Authors: Demircioğlu Aytekin 
Published: September 2020

Aim. In this study, the challenges encountered during the introduction of religious education in Turkey are examined within the scope of their intended solutions.
Methods. In this study, challenges encountered in the implementation of religious education in Turkey are being discussed in a descriptive manner. Literature scanning and interpretation methods, one of the qualitative research methods, were used in the study.
Results. Religious education in Turkey is both maintained within the formal education system and the non-formal education system. Formal education is provided in public schools run by the Ministry of National Education [MNE]. Primary, secondary and high school education is compulsory for all students. There are Imam Hatip Schools that were opened to provide religious education at secondary and high school level. There are also two hours of compulsory religious education per week in other schools. Non-formal religious education is provided only by the Presidency of Religious Affairs [PRA]. This training is given to people of all ages. For this purpose, the PRA opens several courses.
Conclusions. In this study, challenges encountered related to religious education in Turkey are being discussed in two main areas: Challenges in formal education are examined under seven subtitles. Challenges in non-formal education are examined under eight subtitles.
Originality. This study is an original study in terms of addressing the challenges in formal and non-formal religious education together. In addition, the possibility of making a collective examination of challenges related to religious education in Turkey would be valuable to the reader.
THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN CREATING AWARENESS ON CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE AMONG SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Sharma Archana 
Published: September 2020

Aim. This study aims to analyse the role of media in creating awareness on child sexual abuse and Good Touch Bad Touch among children. The research also aims to study the students’ awareness level of Child Sexual Abuse which includes the Good Touch Bad Touch.
Method. The survey research method was used to collect data, through a well-structured questionnaire from 100 respondents of a school from a city of Punjab, constituting 20 respondents from each class, selected through convenient sampling.
Result. The findings reveal that the media failed to create awareness on child sexual abuse among children. 90% of the respondents were not aware of any child sexual abuse or child helpline number.
Conclusion. Even though, some initiatives were taken by various media tools to raise the child safety issue in the society, but those are not enough. There is a need to develop and run more specific programs regularly to raise awareness throughout society on child sexual abuse.
Analysis of gallic acid and ellagic acid in leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. from different habitats and times in Xinjiang by HPLC with cluster analysis
Authors: Sun Yun , Liu Jiajia , Bayertai  , Tang Shasha , Zhou Xiaoying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with R software hierarchical cluster analysisin Elaeagnus angustifolia L. gathered from different locations in Xinjiang.MethodsA chromatographic column Diamonsil C18 with a size of 4.6 × 250 mm and 5 μm was used with methanol as A and 0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution as B as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL/min for the gradient elution and the injection volume was 5 μL. HPLC was performed with a detection wavelength of 260 nm and chromatographic column of 35 °C. In addition, R software hierarchical clustering method was used for studying the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid in E. angustifolia L. from 10 areas.ResultsGallic acid and ellagic acid showed a good linear relationship between 7.375 and 236 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, and between 3.625 and 116 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 respectively. The average recovery values were 103.98 and 101.57%, and the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) values were 1.92 and 1.47%.ConclusionDifferences in the levels of gallic acid and ellagic acid in E. angustifolia L. leaves from different areas in Xinjiang showed that both were the highest in Kuitun.
CF–PK–PD analysis of natural hemostatic compounds from Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam root bark in rats
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Jie , Sun Wenbo , Shen Xiangchun , Gong Xiaojian , Wang Cong , Liang Yan , Zhou Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural hemostatic compounds from Toddalia asiatica (Linn) Lam (T. asiatica) root bark had been investigated by a novel strategy, chemical fingerprint–pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (CF–PK–PD) for the first time in this study. The extract sample of T. asiatica root bark was subdivided into petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA) and n-butanol (n-B) sample by reagent extraction, EA sample showed significant hemostatic activity using prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) as evaluation indexes from rat plasma of PK experiment in hemorrhagic rat model. CF analysis was adopted to assist us to discover six natural compounds from T. asiatica root bark in actual rat plasma after sample treatment by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization (UPLC-ESI) MS, there were only lomatin and 5-methoxy-8-hydroxy psoralen showing significant hemostatic effect (P < 0.05) mainly through endogenous coagulation pathway and fibrinolytic system. In PK–PD study, six compounds in EA sample exhibited relatively rapid absorption and slow elimination characteristics. The mean Tmax and t1/2β of isopimpinellin and pimpinellin were 1.74 and 0.59 h, 5.31 and 6.89 h in rats. On the basis of Sigmoid–Emax model, PK–PD related curves of FIB in hemorrhagic rat model after treatment of T. asiatica root bark were obtained. Predicted Emax, EC50 and ke0 of FIB under isopimpinellin were 4.87 mg/mL, 1.39 μg/mL and 0.81 1/h; predicted Emax, EC50 and ke0 of FIB under pimpinellin were 4.29 mg/mL, 2.47 μg/mL and 0.77 1/h. In conclusion, hemostatic compounds from T. asiatica root bark had been materialized, there were lomatin, isopimpinellin, pimpinellin and 5-methoxy-8-hydroxy psoralen at least as its main active substances through coagulation pathways and fibrinolytic system. CF–PK–PD method as a promising method was worthy of follow-up opening, application in pharmaceutical research.
Peranan Politik Hukum dalam Pengembangan Profesi Advokat
Authors: Saepudin Agus 
Published: September 2020

Masalah yang timbul saat ini begitu banyaknya organisasi advokat yang ada jika bandingkan dengan profesi lain, misal IDI adalah organisasi dokter indonesia yang menaungi profesi dokter, sedangkan advokat banyak sehingga terjadi persaingan yang tidak sehat antara organisasi advokat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari solusi agar banyaknya organisasi ini tidak membuat perkembangan profesi advokat menjadi menjadi menurun. Dengan metode kualitatif ,artikel ini menghasilkan bahwa pemerintah dalam hal ini merasa perlu ikut campur untuk membentuk dan mempersiapkan calon advokat yang handal melalui perarturan menteri riset dan teknologi nomor 5 tahun 2019 tentang pendidikan Advokat.
Prolonging Survival: The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Treatment of Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Melosky Barbara , Cheema Parneet K. , Brade Anthony , McLeod Deanna , Liu Geoffrey , Price Paul Wheatley , Jao Kevin , Schellenberg Devin D. , Juergens Rosalyn , Leighl Natasha , Chu Quincy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents approximately 15% of lung cancers, and approximately 70% are diagnosed as extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Although ES-SCLC is highly responsive to chemotherapy, patients typically progress rapidly, and there is an urgent need for new therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been investigated in SCLC, and this review provides guidance on the use of these agents in ES-SCLC based on phase III evidence.MethodsPublished and presented literature on phase III data addressing use of ICIs in ES-SCLC was identified using the key search terms “small cell lung cancer” AND “checkpoint inhibitors” (OR respective aliases). Directed searches of eligible studies were periodically performed to ensure capture of the most recent data.ResultsSix phase III trials were identified, with four assessing the benefits of ICIs plus chemotherapy first-line, one evaluating ICIs as first-line therapy maintenance, and one assessing ICI monotherapy after progression on platinum-based chemotherapy. The addition of ipilimumab or tremelimumab to first-line treatment or as first-line maintenance did not improve survival. Two out of three studies combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy demonstrated significant long-lasting survival benefits and improved quality of life with no unexpected safety concerns. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line maintenance or in later lines of therapy did not improve survival. Biomarker research is ongoing as well as research into the role of ICIs in combination with radiation therapy in limited-stage SCLC.ConclusionThe addition of atezolizumab or durvalumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy for ES-SCLC prolongs survival and improves quality of life.Implications for PracticePlatinum-based chemotherapy has been standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) for more than a decade. Six recent phase III trials investigating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have clarified the role of these agents in this setting. Although ICIs were assessed first-line, as first-line maintenance, and in later lines of therapy, the additions of atezolizumab or durvalumab to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy were the only interventions that significantly improved overall survival and increased quality of life. These combinations should therefore be considered standard therapy for first-line ES-SCLC. Biomarker research and investigations into the role of ICIs for limited-stage disease are ongoing.
Modified FOLFOXIRI With or Without Cetuximab as Conversion Therapy in Patients with RAS/BRAF Wild-Type Unresectable Liver Metastases Colorectal Cancer: The FOCULM Multicenter Phase II Trial
Authors: Hu Huabin , Wang Kun , Huang Meijin , Kang Liang , Wang Wei , Wang Hui , Qiu Meng , Lin Rongbo , Zhang Haibo , Lan Ping , Wu Xiaojian , Liu Guangjian , Wan Yunle , Liu Ming , Zhou Zhiyang , Huang Yan , Li Fangqian , Zhang Jianwei , Cai Yue , Ma Tenghui , Zhou Jiaming , Wang Huaiming , Ling Jiayu , Cai Yonghua , Wu Zehua , Luo Shuangling , Ling Li , Deng Yanhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Purpose
This trial evaluated the addition of cetuximab to a modified FOLFOXIRI (mFOLFOXIRI: 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid, oxaliplatin, irinotecan) as conversion therapy in a two-group, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase II trial in patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases (CLM) and BRAF/RAS wild-type.

Patients and Methods
Patients were enrolled to receive cetuximab (500 mg/m2) plus mFOLFOXIRI (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, irinotecan 165 mg/m2, folinic acid 400 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 2,800 mg/m2 46-hour infusion, every 2 weeks) (the cetuximab group) or the same regimen of mFOLFOXIRI alone (the control group), in a 2:1 ratio allocation. The primary endpoint was the rate of no evidence of disease (NED) achieved. Secondary endpoints included resection rate, objective response rate (ORR), survival, and safety.

Results
Between February 2014 and July 2019, 117 patients were registered for screening at six centers in China, and 101 of these were enrolled (67 cetuximab group, 34 control group). The rate of NED achieved was 70.1% in the cetuximab group and 41.2% in the control group (difference 29.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.1%–48.8%; p = .005). Patients in the cetuximab group had improved ORR (95.5% vs. 76.5%; difference 19.1%; 95% CI, 17.4%–36.4%; p = .010) compared with those in control group. Progression-free survival and overall survival showed the trend to favor the cetuximab group. The incidence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events was similar in the two groups.

Conclusion
Addition of cetuximab to mFOLFOXIRI improved the rate of NED achieved. This combination could be an option of conversion regimen for molecularly selected patients with initially technically unresectable CLM.

Implications for Practice
This trial evaluated the addition of cetuximab to a modified FOLFOXIRI as conversion therapy in a phase II trial in patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastases and BRAF/RAS wild-type. The rate of no evidence of disease achieved was 70.1% in the cetuximab plus modified FOLFOXIRI group and 41.2% in the modified FOLFOXIRI group. Objective response rates, overall survival, and progression-free survival were improved in the cetuximab group when compared with the modified FOLFOXIRI group. Addition of cetuximab to modified FOLFOXIRI increased the rate of no evidence of disease achieved, and this combination could be an option of conversion regimen for molecularly selected patients with initially technically unresectable colorectal liver-limited metastasis.
New Verse for a Familiar Song: Small Molecule Inhibitors for MET exon 14 Skipping Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Le Xiuning , Heymach John V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
MET exon 14 skipping alterations (METex14) represent one of the newest discovered driver oncogene alterations for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which serve to define a distinct elderly patient population. New challenges in detection and treatment have emerged.
In the last 15 years, the successes of tumor molecular profiling and therapeutic stratification in patients with advanced-stage disease have made NSCLC a poster child in the era of precision medicine. Each of the oncogenic drivers defines a distinct patient population. The selection of treatments based on oncogenic drivers such as EGFR, ALK, and ROS1, among others, has been transformative in terms of the duration and quality of life for patients with NSCLC receiving effective inhibitors. METex14 have emerged as one of the newest additions of driver oncogenes for NSCLC.
Ana Lúcia Cunha Fernándes (2012). A construçâo do conhecimento pedagógico: análise comparada de revistas de educaçâo e ensino; Brasil- Portugal, 1880-1930
Authors: Costa Rico Antón 
Published: September 2020

Recensión de libro: Ana Lúcia Cunha Fernández (2012). A construçâo do conhecimento pedagógico: análise comparada de revistas de educaçâo e ensino; Brasil-Portugal, 1880-1930.
Rosa María Cid Galante (2013). A escola normal de mestras de Ourense (1870-1970). A súa orixe e os seus emprazamentos
Authors: Cid Fernández Xosé Manuel 
Published: September 2020

Recensión de libro: Rosa María Cid Galante (2013). A escola normal de mestras de Ourense (1870-1970). A súa orixe e os seus emprazamentos.
A study of phonosurgeries in vocal dysfunction in Salem district
Authors: Mahendran K. , Praveen Kumar M. 
Published: September 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background: </strong>Phonosurgery essentially is surgery defined to improve or restore the voice. The objective of the study was to analyze and categorize the various benign lesions of the vocal cord causing vocal dysfunction requiring phonosurgeries, to analyze the incidence and distribution of cases according to age, sex, and etiology among the patients who require intense medical and voice therapy with surgical intervention.<strong> </strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted in fifty patients with vocal dysfunction from the ear, neck and throat (ENT) outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mohan Kumaramangalam Government General Hospital, Salem in the year September 2018 to October 2019 who failed conservative medical and voice therapy requiring phonological procedure were included in this study. Phonomicrosurgery was done for the patients with benign vocal fold mucosal disorders and medialization laryngoplasty using Gore-Tex was done for the patients with unilateral vocal cord palsy causing vocal dysfunction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>The present study on phono surgery concludes vocal polyp is the commonest benign lesion of the vocal cord that constitutes 40% in our study population. Males are affected more than females. Proper investigation of voice and larynx provides the exact pathological nature of the lesion and determines the timing of surgical intervention.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the patients who underwent medialization laryngoplasty using Gore-Tex also had a good outcome at the end of the voice therapy.</p><p> </p>
Does Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatories: Does carprofen or meloxicam have fewer gastrointestinal side effects?
Authors: Fletcher Aaron Harold Andrew 
Published: September 2020

PICO question
In canines, does the oral administration of carprofen, when compared to meloxicam, result in fewer gastrointestinal side effects?

Clinical bottom line
Category of research question
Treatment
The number and type of study designs reviewed
Three prospective randomised controlled trials were critically reviewed
Strength of evidence
Weak
Outcomes reported
Treatment with carprofen or meloxicam results in no significant difference in gastric lesion scoring, increased intestinal mucosal permeability or diminished small bowel absorptive capacity
Conclusion
There is insufficient evidence supporting preferential administration of carprofen or meloxicam to reduce gastrointestinal side effects

How to apply this evidence in practice
The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.
Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision-making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care
Knowledge of General Practitioner Doctors and Midwives Who Has and Has Not Attended Neonatal Resuscitation Course Has No Significant Difference
Authors: Lusida Vincent Geraldus Enoch , Semedi Bambang Puijo , Herwanto Bambang 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Infant death is most prominent in the neonatal period. The success of neonatal resuscitation practice has many contributing factors. One of which is the health workers’ knowledge of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) algorithm. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies to evaluate the health workers’ knowledge of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program who are educated in neonatal resuscitation course and has taken part in Neonatal Life Support practice in primary health care (PHC) Objective: This study aims to analyze the knowledge of general practitioners and midwives who has or has not attended in neonatal resuscitation course in Surabaya PHC Methods and Materials: this research is descriptive, cross-sectional research. All Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) PHC in Surabaya which are Jagir PHC, Banyu Urip PHC, Medokan Ayu PHC, Tanah kali Kedinding PHC, Tanjungsari PHC, Balongsari PHC, Sememi PHC, Simomulyo PHC is included in this research from 2018 to 2019. A nine-item questionnaire referenced from The Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation 7th Edition is given to ten respondents in each BEmONC PHC. Results and Discussion: from the total sample of 78 respondents, 32 (41,0%) receive a high score, 20 (25,7%) receive a middle score, and 26 (33,3%) receive a low score. The data shows that there is no significant score difference between respondents who has or has not participate in the NRP course (p=0,419). Conclusion: There is no correlation between difference knowledge midwives and general practitioners who had and had not attended neonatal resuscitation training at basic emergency obstetric and newborn care in public health center Surabaya.
Fluid Resuscitation in Trauma
Authors: Abbas Kun Arifi 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Trauma is a problem faced everyday in the emergency room of the hospital where the researcher works. The degree of trauma from the mildest to life threatening can be found in sufferers. The cause of death in trauma sufferers is hypovolemic shock due to bleeding. The amount of blood loss volume from the patient can be estimated by looking at the clinical signs of the patient. Literature Review: In the condition of tissue hypoperfusion, it will cause a chain process which will eventually lead to cell death. Hypoperfusion causes anaerobic metabolism, lactic acidosis (coagulopathy, enzyme dysfunction), Na-K pump malfunction (cellular swelling and cell death), there is hypothermia (increase of oxygen demand, coagulopathy). Hypoperfusion will cause a vicious circle, in which processes that aggravate one another will occur. With the administration of fluids (crystalloid, colloid, transfusion) will improve the hypoperfusion that occurs in the body. Conclusion: The management of hypovolemic shock due to bleeding requires an understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology that occurs due to bleeding. To get maximum results and improve outcome from sufferers, it needs solid team work. Treatment can be different depending on the conditions, equipment and facilities of the hospital / emergency room as well as the policies of each place.
Comparing Alteration of MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) Scores as Cognitive Function Test in Geriatrics After General and Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Budianto Ferrie , Setiawan Philia , Hamzah Hamzah , Yulianti Erikavitri 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: An alteration of cognitive function in geriatrics often occurred after a surgery procedure. To do a surgery, patients would go through the process with anesthesia, whether it is general or regional anesthesia. We aimed to identify the effect of general and regional anesthesia in increasing the risk of alteration in cognitive function from geriatrics who underwent elective surgery followed by other risks. Material and Method: This observational analytic study has a total sample of 60 patients who aged 60 years or more, and half of the total sample underwent an elective surgery with general anesthesia, whereas the other half with regional anesthesia at Gedung Bedah Pusat Terpadu Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in a range of October – November 2016. The cognitive function of patients was assessed with MMSE which is done in approximately 10 – 15 minutes. Result and Discussion: There was a statistically significant correlation between age and both preoperative MMSE score also the alteration of MMSE score after 3 days in patients with regional anesthesia (P-value = 0.032; 0.044). Also, the correlation between educational status and preoperative MMSE score (P-value = 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference in alteration of the MMSE score after 3 days between patients with general and regional anesthesia which went through the hypotension phase (P-value = 0.022; 0.003). We identified that both general and regional anesthesia could lead to alteration of MMSE score (P-value = 0.001; 0.02) and there was a statistically significant difference between both of them (P-value = 0.001). Conclusion: Both general and regional anesthesia could lower the cognitive function of geriatrics, especially general anesthesia which happened to have a higher risk to occur. Other factors such as age, educational status, and hemodynamic condition during surgery, had their impacts toward lowering cognitive function in geriatrics.