bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth‐oriented active labour market policies and economic crisis: Explaining policy effort in Greece and Portugal
Authors: Kougias Konstantinos 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe starting point of this study is the implementation of seemingly similar youth‐oriented labour market policies in Greece and Portugal. Both countries have suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their labour market as part of the rescue programmes adopted during the European sovereign debt crisis. Despite convergence in terms of policy trajectories, there is a significant divergence in employment outcomes. In Portugal, youth‐oriented policies were better‐targeted and structured. Their implementation has been more effective and has involved the social partners from the outset of the crisis. In Greece, policy design failures, administrative weaknesses and unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have limited the dynamics of youth‐oriented policies thus increasing youth insecurity. Τhe analysis suggests that convergence in policy content can be compatible with divergence in terms of outcomes.
Dl‐3n‐butylphthalide improves traumatic brain injury recovery via inhibiting autophagy‐induced blood‐brain barrier disruption and cell apoptosis
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Xu Ke , Xu Kebin , Teng Chenhuai , Zhang Man , Xia Leilei , Zhang Kairui , Liu Lei , Chen Zaifeng , Xiao Jian , Wu Yanqing , Zhang Hongyu , Chen Daqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBlood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuronal apoptosis are important pathophysiological processes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In clinical stroke, Dl‐3n‐butylphthalide (Dl‐NBP) has a neuroprotective effect with anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, anti‐apoptotic and mitochondrion‐protective functions. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of Dl‐NBP for TBI need to be further investigated. Here, we had used an animal model of TBI and SH‐SY5Y/human brain microvascular endothelial cells to explore it. We found that Dl‐NBP administration exerts a neuroprotective effect in TBI/OGD and BBB disorder, which up‐regulates the expression of tight junction proteins and promotes neuronal survival via inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis. The expressions of autophagy‐related proteins, including ATG7, Beclin1 and LC3II, were significantly increased after TBI/OGD, and which were reversed by Dl‐NBP treatment both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, rapamycin treatment had abolished the effect of Dl‐NBP for TBI recovery. Collectively, our current studies indicate that Dl‐NBP treatment improved locomotor functional recovery after TBI by inhibiting the activation of autophagy and consequently blocking the junction protein loss and neuronal apoptosis. Dl‐NBP, as an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative drug, may act as an effective strategy for TBI recovery.
Building on the Greenbook: A Perpetrator Pattern‐Based Approach to Improve Child Welfare’s Response to Domestic Violence
Authors: Mandel David , Wright Claire 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Greenbook Initiative has acted as a catalyst for change across the United States and globe. In this article, the authors discuss how the Greenbook has shaped the environment related to perpetrator accountability in child welfare, how a paradigm shift in work with fathers can advance domestic violence‐informed practice, and how a perpetrator pattern‐based approach, as exemplified by the Safe & Together Model, can help advance the vision of the Greenbook.
Introduction of highly effective proactive food safety management programs into food distribution channels: For safe food labeling and safe advertisements
Authors: Park Jong Myong , Kim Jong Mun , Hong Ji Won , Ghim Sa‐Youl 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study introduces a proactive management strategy in food distribution channels and measures its effectiveness quantitatively. Experts conducted 5,131 assessments of 3,390 products based on a food safety assessment criteria checklist. Three on‐site audits at the point of sales without prior interventions showed nonconformance of 5.19, 5.74, and 6.22%. Then, prior interventions were conducted thrice in the contract stages, and corrective actions were recommended to food manufacturers. The research team verified the corrective actions’ adequacy and approved contract volume production. After distribution, on‐site evaluation showed that conformity increased to 91.74%. This study confirmed that the safety of labeling and advertising of food products supplied to distribution channels, which act as a bottleneck of food distribution, can be managed efficiently and improved through proactive management programs, and it also identified an optimal timing for intervention.
Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control in Adults 80 Years or Older: A Secondary Analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial
Authors: Pajewski Nicholas M. , Berlowitz Dan R. , Bress Adam P. , Callahan Kathryn E. , Cheung Alfred K. , Fine Larry J. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Johnson Karen C. , King Jordan , Kitzman Dalane W. , Kostis John B. , Lerner Alan J. , Lewis Cora E. , Oparil Suzanne , Rahman Mahboob , Reboussin David M. , Rocco Michael V. , Snyder Joni K. , Still Carolyn , Supiano Mark A. , Wadley Virginia G. , Whelton Paul K. , Wright Jackson T. , Williamson Jeff D. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the effect of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in older adults with hypertension, considering cognitive and physical function.DESIGNSecondary analysis.SETTINGSystolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT)PARTICIPANTSAdults 80 years or older.INTERVENTIONParticipants with hypertension but without diabetes (N = 1167) were randomized to an SBP target below 120 mm Hg (intensive treatment) vs a target below 140 mm Hg (standard treatment).MEASUREMENTSWe measured the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), mortality, changes in renal function, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), probable dementia, and serious adverse events. Gait speed was assessed via a 4‐m walk test, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to quantify baseline cognitive function.RESULTSIntensive treatment led to significant reductions in cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR] = .66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .49‐.90), mortality (HR = .67; 95% CI = .48‐.93), and MCI (HR = .70; 95% CI = .51‐.96). There was a significant interaction (P < .001) whereby participants with higher baseline scores on the MoCA derived strong benefit from intensive treatment for a composite of CVD and mortality (HR = .40; 95% CI = .28‐.57), with no appreciable benefit in participants with lower scores on the MoCA (HR = 1.33 = 95% CI = .87‐2.03). There was no evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effects with respect to gait speed. Rates of acute kidney injury and declines of at least 30% in estimated glomerular filtration rate were increased in the intensive treatment group with no between‐group differences in the rate of injurious falls.CONCLUSIONIn adults aged 80 years or older, intensive SBP control lowers the risk of major cardiovascular events, MCI, and death, with increased risk of changes to kidney function. The cardiovascular and mortality benefits of intensive SBP control may not extend to older adults with lower baseline cognitive function.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01206062. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:496–504, 2020
Familial chylomicronemia syndrome: an under‐recognized cause of severe hypertriglyceridaemia
Authors: Baass A. , Paquette M. , Bernard S. , Hegele R.A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFamilial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of chylomicron metabolism causing severe elevation of triglyceride (TG) levels (>10 mmol L−1). This condition is associated with a significant risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis (AP). AP caused by hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) has been associated with a worse prognosis and higher mortality rates compared to pancreatitis of other aetiology. Despite its association with poor quality of life and increased lifelong risk of HTG‐AP, few healthcare providers are familiar with FCS. Because this condition is under‐recognized, the majority of FCS patients are diagnosed after age 20 often after consulting several physicians. Although other forms of severe HTG such as multifactorial chylomicronemia have been associated with high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and metabolic abnormalities, ASCVD and metabolic syndrome are not usually observed in FCS patients. Because FCS is a genetic condition, the optimal diagnosis strategy remains genetic testing. The presence of bi‐allelic pathogenic mutations in LPL, APOC2, GPIHBP1, APOA5 or LMF1 genes confirms the diagnosis. However, some cases of FCS caused by autoantibodies against LPL or GPIHBP1 proteins have also been reported. Furthermore, a clinical score for the diagnosis of FCS has been proposed but needs further validation. Available treatment options to lower triglycerides such as fibrates or omega‐3 fatty acids are not efficacious in FCS patients. Currently, the cornerstone of treatment remains a lifelong very low‐fat diet, which prevents the formation of chylomicrons. Finally, inhibitors of apo C‐III and ANGPTL3 are in development and may eventually constitute additional treatment options for FCS patients.
Self‐distancing promotes positive emotional change after adversity: Evidence from a micro‐longitudinal field experiment
Authors: Dorfman Anna , Oakes Harrison , Santos Henri C. , Grossmann Igor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines changes in emotionality following adverse experiences in daily life. We tested whether daily self‐distancing (vs. self‐immersing) in reflections on adversity results in positive change in emotionality. Additionally, we probed the “dosage” effect of repeated self‐distancing.MethodA micro‐longitudinal field experiment combined 4‐week daily diary and experimental manipulation of perspective during diary‐based reflections on adverse experiences to explore the trajectory of change in emotionality. Each day, participants (N = 149) described and reflected on one significant event from that day and rated emotionality. We randomly assigned participants to reflect from a self‐immersed or self‐distanced perspective.ResultsSelf‐distanced participants showed a change toward positive emotionality while maintaining the same level of negative emotionality, whereas self‐immersed participants did not show changes in positive or negative emotionality. We also observed that self‐distancing reached its maximum effect (“dosage”) for positive emotionality in the third week of the diary.ConclusionsRepeated self‐distanced reflections can promote positive change in emotionality in the face of everyday adversity. Notably, repeated self‐distancing effectiveness has a saturation point. In contrast, self‐immersed reflections on adversity do not promote positive emotional change. Together, these observations raise the question how the default self‐immersed reflection on traumatic experiences impacts personal growth.
Optimal sustainable fishery management of the Black Sea anchovy with food chain modeling framework
Authors: Demir Mahir , Lenhart Suzanne 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFood chain models with interactions between key species are useful tools for ecological conservation and economic sustainability in commercial fisheries. In this study, we build a food chain model coupled with optimal control theory and focus on the Black Sea anchovy population in the southern part of the Black Sea. Our objective is to find the optimal harvesting strategy that maximizes the discounted net profit value of the anchovy fishery with seasonal harvesting, and that offers sustainable anchovy fishery. As a result, we obtain profitable and sustainable harvesting strategies. We also discuss the benefits of using food chain models in fishery management rather than using single‐species models. Finally, we derive a schedule for the number of fishing vessels that are needed in the implementation of the optimal harvesting strategy.Recommendations for Resource Managers

Food chain modeling framework offers more reliable harvesting strategies than single‐species modeling framework.
Managing the harvest effort using optimal control theory results in a more profitable anchovy fishery on the southern part of the Black Sea.
By quantifying the relationship between the annual landing and the number of fishing vessels, we can approximate the needed number of fishing vessels to achieve an optimal landing.
Applying an optimal control strategy yields more anchovy landing and profit in the long term, when we compare with the current harvesting strategy used in the anchovy fishery. These strategies also offer a sustainable anchovy fishery, which is crucial for the fate of this fishery.
Ethanol lock therapy in pediatric patients: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Chiba Masahiro , Yonekura Takeo , Kaji Tatsuru , Amae Shintaro , Tazuke Yuko , Oowari Mitsugu , Obana Kazuko , Nakano Miwako , Kuroda Tasuo , Fukumoto Kouzi , Yamane Yusuke , Yoshino Hiroaki , Hebiguchi Tatsuzo , Toki Akira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEthanol lock therapy (ELT) has been performed for the purpose of preserving central venous catheters (CVC) in central venous catheter‐related blood stream infection (CRBSI), but evidence for its effectiveness is not established. We conducted a multicenter, prospective study on the ELT protocol to ascertain its safety and effectiveness against CRBSI.MethodsThe subjects were patients aged over 1 year with potential for developing CRBSI who had long‐term indwelling silicone CVCs. After culturing the catheterized blood, a 70% ethanol lock was performed daily for 2–4 h for 7 days. The effectiveness rate of ELT for single and multiple courses, the presence or absence of relapse of CRBSI within 4 weeks of treatment, and whether the CVC could be salvaged after 4 weeks were examined.ResultsFrom September 2014 to August 2018, 49 cases from six hospitals were enrolled in the study. Catheter blockage was seen in one case and the CVC was removed. A single course of ELT was effective in episodes 88% (42/48). In the remaining three episodes that failed after a single course of ELT, a second ELT was performed; however, all were ineffective. In episodes 93% (40/42), no CRBSI relapse was seen up to 4 weeks after the end of treatment. In episodes 84% (41/49), the catheter could be preserved for 4 weeks or more after the end of treatment. Facial flushing was seen in two cases as an adverse event; however, this was transient and soon disappeared.ConclusionELT is effective for 88% of CRBSI and 84% of catheters can be salvaged; therefore, this protocol is considered useful. Trial registration: UMIN000013677.
Psychopathology, quality of life, and related factors in pediatric liver transplantation candidates and recipients
Authors: Ünay Mihriban , Önder Arif , Gizli Çoban Özge , Atalay Atike , Sürer Adanir Aslı , Artan Reha , Özatalay Esin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLiver transplantation (LT) has been accepted as a standard treatment of pediatric liver diseases that can progress to end‐stage liver disease or lead to acute liver failure. However, there is a lack of studies clarifying quality of life (QoL) and the characteristics and the prevalence of common psychiatric disorders in children before and/or after LT. Thus, this study aimed to investigate QoL and the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents before and after LT and to compare them with healthy controls.MethodsThe study included 30 children aged 5‐18 years who were waiting for LT (pTx group) or had undergone LT (Tx group) as the study groups and 20 children for the control group. The PedsQL was used to evaluate QoL, and SCARED, CDI, and the CPTSD‐RI were used to evaluate psychopathology.ResultsThe QoL scores were higher in the control group compared with the study groups in all or most of the dimensions, depending on the reporter. The mean scores of anxiety, depression, and PTSD of the control group were significantly lower than those of the Tx and pTx groups. A significant positive correlation was found between depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores, and a negative correlation was observed between depression, anxiety, and PTSD scores and QoL.ConclusionWaiting for LT and the transplantation process itself seem to be psychologically traumatic for children. Healthcare providers need to be trained to recognize the symptoms of the main psychiatric disorders.
The effect of web‐based pediatric palliative care education on the palliative care knowledge level and practices of nursing students
Authors: Akdeniz Kudubes Aslı , Bektas Murat 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study is aimed to investigate the effect of web‐based pediatric palliative care education on nursing students’ knowledge level and practices related to palliative care.MethodsThe study was conducted with 265 nursing students including an intervention and a control group. The intervention group was given web‐based pediatric palliative care education.FindingsA statistically significant difference was found between the total and subscale pretest and posttest scores of the students in the intervention and control groups regarding the palliative care knowledge level and self‐reported palliative care practices.Practical ImplicationsThe web‐based pediatric palliative care education is an effective training model for nursing students to improve palliative care knowledge level and practices of the students.
Controlling the uncontrolled: Are there incidental experimenter effects on physiologic responding?
Authors: Thorson Katherine R. , Mendes Wendy Berry , West Tessa V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe degree to which experimenters shape participant behavior has long been of interest in experimental social science research. Here, we extend this question to the domain of peripheral psychophysiology, where experimenters often have direct, physical contact with participants, yet researchers do not consistently test for their influence. We describe analytic tools for examining experimenter effects in peripheral physiology. Using these tools, we investigate nine data sets totaling 1,341 participants and 160 experimenters across different roles (e.g., lead research assistants, evaluators, confederates) to demonstrate how researchers can test for experimenter effects in participant autonomic nervous system activity during baseline recordings and reactivity to study tasks. Our results showed (a) little to no significant variance in participants’ physiological reactivity due to their experimenters, and (b) little to no evidence that three characteristics of experimenters that are well known to shape interpersonal interactions—status (using five studies with 682 total participants), gender (using two studies with 359 total participants), and race (in two studies with 554 total participants)—influenced participants’ physiology. We highlight several reasons that experimenter effects in physiological data are still cause for concern, including the fact that experimenters in these studies were already restricted on a number of characteristics (e.g., age, education). We present recommendations for examining and reducing experimenter effects in physiological data and discuss implications for replication.
‘Never let a crisis go to waste’: post-Ebola agenda-setting for health system strengthening in Guinea
Authors: Kolie Delphin , Delamou Alexandre , van de Pas Remco , Dioubate Nafissatou , Bouedouno Patrice , Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Kaba Abdoulaye , Diallo Abdoulaye Misside , Put Willem Van De , Van Damme Wim 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionGuinea is a country with a critical deficit and maldistribution of healthcare workers along with a high risk of epidemics' occurrence. However, actors in the health sector have missed opportunities for more than a decade to attract political attention. This article aims to explain why this situation exists and what were the roles of actors in the agenda-setting process of the post-Ebola health system strengthening programme. It also assesses threats and opportunities for this programme's sustainability.MethodsWe used Kingdon’s agenda-setting methodological framework to explain why actors promptly focused on the health sector reform after the Ebola outbreak. We conducted a qualitative explanatory study using a literature review and key informant interviews.ResultsWe found that, in the problem stream, the Ebola epidemic caused considerable fear among national as well as international actors, a social crisis and an economic system failure. This social crisis was entertained by communities’ suspicion of an 'Ebola-business'. In response to these problems, policy actors identified three sets of solutions: the temporary external funds generated by the Ebola response; the availability of experienced health workers in the Ebola control team; and the overproduction of health graduates in the labour market. We also found that the politics agenda was dominated by two major factors: the global health security agenda and the political and financial interests of national policy actors. Although the opening of the policy window has improved human resources, finance and logistics, and infrastructures pillars of the health system, it, however, disproportionally focuses on epidemic preparedness and response. and neglects patients’ financial affordability of essential health services.ConclusionDomestic policy entrepreneurs must realise that agenda-setting of health issues in the Guinean context strongly depends on the construction of the problem definition and how this is influenced by international actors.
Association between hyperlipidemia and mortality after incident acute myocardial infarction or acute decompensated heart failure: a propensity score matched cohort study and a meta-analysis
Authors: Yousufuddin Mohammed , Takahashi Paul Y , Major Brittny , Ahmmad Eimad , Al-Zubi Hossam , Peters Jessica , Doyle Taylor , Jensen Kelsey , Al Ward Ruaa Y , Sharma Umesh , Seshadri Ashok , Wang Zhen , Simha Vinaya , Murad M Hassan 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of HLP, defined as having a pre-existing or a new in-hospital diagnosis based on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level ≥100 mg/dL during index hospitalisation or within the preceding 6 months, on all-cause mortality after hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and to determine whether HLP modifies mortality associations of other competing comorbidities. A systematic review and meta-analysis to place the current findings in the context of published literature.DesignRetrospective study, 1:1 propensity-score matching cohorts; a meta-analysis.SettingLarge academic centre, 1996–2015.ParticipantsHospitalised patients with AMI or ADHF.Main outcomes and measuresAll-cause mortality and meta-analysis of relative risks (RR).ResultsUnmatched cohorts: 13 680 patients with AMI (age (mean) 68.5 ± (SD) 13.7 years; 7894 (58%) with HLP) and 9717 patients with ADHF (age, 73.1±13.7 years; 3668 (38%) with HLP). In matched cohorts, the mortality was lower in AMI patients (n=4348 pairs) with HLP versus no HLP, 5.9 versus 8.6/100 person-years of follow-up, respectively (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.80). A similar mortality reduction occurred in matched ADHF patients (n=2879 pairs) with or without HLP (12.4 vs 16.3 deaths/100 person-years; HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.86). HRs showed modest reductions when HLP occurred concurrently with other comorbidities. Meta-analyses of nine observational studies showed that HLP was associated with a lower mortality at ≥2 years after incident AMI or ADHF (AMI: RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.76; heart failure (HF): RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.81).ConclusionsAmong matched AMI and ADHF cohorts, concurrent HLP, compared with no HLP, was associated with a lower mortality and attenuation of mortality associations with other competing comorbidities. These findings were supported by a systematic review and meta-analysis.