bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the inlet gas velocity components on the survival of the vertex of gas in the plasma torch
Authors: Gharaeinia M. , Saviz S. , Sari A. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The vortex gas injection into plasma torch is considered as a method for reducing electrodes erosion. In order to investigate the effects of vortex gas injection on plasma structure, as well as the effect of gas viscosity on the rate of rotation, a three-dimensional nonequilibrium and time-dependent non-transferred DC plasma torch model has been simulated. Viewing the general characteristics of the plasma shows that the model works well. The results have shown that if the components of the inlet gas velocity are not properly selected, it is possible that the rotary effects of the gas are greatly depleted even before the gas reaches the cathode tip and plasma formation. In this case, only the change in the axial component of the gas causes changes in the structure of the plasma. Vortex reduction is also observed during the movement of cold gases. It is observed that the change in viscosity of gas has significant effects on the rate of the vortex.
Schichtarbeit, die Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben und psychosomatische Beschwerden – Eine Mediationsanalyse auf Basis der BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018
Authors: Müller Grit , Lück Marcel 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Schichtarbeit werden intensiv erforscht, jedoch gibt es Defizite in der Untersuchung sozialer Auswirkungen, die als eine Ursache für Gesundheitsfolgen von Schichtarbeit diskutiert werden. In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben und dem Gesundheitszustand von Schichtarbeitern im Vergleich zu Beschäftigten mit Normalarbeitszeiten in einer Mediationsanalyse untersucht. Dazu werden Daten der für Deutschland repräsentativen BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung 2018 genutzt. Beschäftigte in Schichtarbeit sind häufiger von erschwerter Vereinbarkeit und psychosomatischen Beschwerden betroffen als Beschäftigte in Normalarbeitszeit. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben als Mediator in der Beziehung zwischen Schichtarbeit und psychosomatischen Beschwerden agiert. Dies gilt für Frauen und für Männer. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Bedeutung sozialer Auswirkungen von Schichtarbeit als mögliche Ursache für gesundheitliche Beschwerden.
Praktische Relevanz: Beschäftigten in Schichtarbeit gelingt es seltener Anforderungen der Lebensbereiche Arbeit und Familie auszubalancieren. Dieser Konflikt geht mit einem gesundheitlichen Risiko einher. Das Wissen um dieses Risiko ist von praktischer Relevanz, da Betriebe die Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben explizit in Maßnahmen betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung oder bei der regulären Arbeitszeitgestaltung berücksichtigen können. Führungskräfte und Beschäftigte in Schichtarbeit sollten darüber hinaus wissen, dass Probleme in der Vereinbarkeit von Arbeit und Privatleben einen bedeutenden Stressor darstellen.
High-resolution seismic imaging reveals infill history of a submerged Quaternary fjord system in the subantarctic Auckland Islands, New Zealand
Authors: Perkins Edward J. , Gorman Andrew R. , Tidey Emily J. , Wilson Gary S. , Ohneiser Christian , Moy Christopher M. , Riesselman Christina R. , Gilmer Greer , Ross Ben S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuaternary processes and environmental changes are often difficult to assess in remote subantarctic islands due to high surface erosion rates and overprinting of sedimentary products in locations that can be a challenge to access. We present a set of high-resolution, multichannel seismic lines and complementary multibeam bathymetry collected off the eastern (leeward) side of the subantarctic Auckland Islands, about 465 km south of New Zealand's South Island. These data constrain the erosive and depositional history of the island group, and they reveal an extensive system of sediment-filled valleys that extend offshore to depths that exceed glacial low-stand sea level. Although shallow, marine, U-shaped valleys and moraines are imaged, the rugged offshore geomorphology of the paleovalley floors and the stratigraphy of infill sediments suggests that the valley floors were shaped by submarine fluvial erosion, and subsequently filled by lacustrine, fjord, and fluvial sedimentary processes.
Khandan-i-Ijtihad: Genealogy, history, and authority in a household of ‘ulama in modern South Asia
Authors: JONES JUSTIN 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRevisiting the debate on how Islam's ‘learned men’ (‘ulama) have sustained their religious authority through changing historical circumstances, this article offers alongue duréeaccount of the so-called ‘Khandan-i-Ijtihad’: a family of renowned scholars and jurists who have held scholarly and popular precedence within South Asia's Shi‘i clerical networks for some 250 years. Instead of analysing the‘ulamaas a corporate group or a class of religious professionals, this article examines the‘ulamaas members of households (khandan,khanwadah) and emphasizes the important role of family lineage and inherited social influence as conduits of clerical leadership. Tracing both the genealogical succession and the vocational enterprises of this family over several generations, the article proposes a framework for understanding an individual scholar's relationship with the collective household, arguing that a cleric's own reputation (hasab-va-nasab) rests on a mingling of ancestral pedigree and personal achievement, with the stature of individual and household perpetually affirming and reinforcing each other in the making of Islamic clerical authority. Furthermore, the article establishes the importance of the‘ulama-biography (tazkirah) as itself a mechanism for actively sustaining the relevance of contemporary‘ulama, by perpetually memorializing their ancestors.
Exploring food choice and flexibility practices among staff and residents at care homes in Denmark
Authors: Nyberg Maria , Sylow Mine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith a growing number of people reaching older age, the need for care provided in long-term care institutions is increasing. Although the goal is to deliver person-centred care that includes choice and flexibility opportunities, pre-scheduled mealtimes and set menus are still used. The aim was to explore how food choice and flexibility practices were perceived and performed by residents and staff at three care homes in Denmark. Three food journey interviews with eight residents (aged 83–96) and three focus groups with 12 people from the care and kitchen staff were conducted. Food choice and flexibility practices were mainly performed informally and selectively by the staff, and through personal practices by the residents, implying that many residents were excluded from food choice and flexibility opportunities. However, food choice and flexibility practices were also inhibited by the staff's time pressure and unfamiliarity with choice possibilities, and by the politeness of the residents. Our findings suggest that food choice and flexibility practices must be understood and performed broadly, and include various ways of listening and responding to the residents’ needs and preferences. The study highlighted the importance of incorporating the essential embodied knowledge and emotional know-how, inherent in food choice and flexibility practices, into formal and inclusive strategies concerning how to think and act in relation to the food and meal situation.
The role of the parent during a whole-class beginner instrumental programme: an investigation into the attitudes of pupils and their parents towards parental support in relation to different models of practising
Authors: Huber Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of the parent as a supporter of practice during a whole-class beginner violin programme and whether it is considered most beneficial for practice to be undertaken at home, at school or in no formal manner. This mixed-methods research project involved a year-group of 31 pupils aged 6–7 years from a preparatory school in an affluent area of the south of England over a 10-week period. Two parent questionnaires were administered at the start and end of the programme and analysed together with pupil focus groups and teacher assessment. It was discovered that most pupils played at home only once a week, and this was only with parental help. Many challenges to practising at home were identified, and by the end of the programme parents considered that their children could have made as much progress without practising at home. Pupils considered the most desirable ways for their parents to support them were to watch and listen, and to play together. Parents were unsure what to do except for offering encouragement. Pupils were very clear that playing together at school was preferable to playing at home, and it was evident that finding a way to establish school practice sessions between lessons would be the most enjoyable arrangement and support the most progress.
Mapping of Health Technology Assessment in China: Situation Analysis and International Comparison
Authors: Chen Yingyao , Chi Xunyouzhi , He Yao , Wei Yan , Oortwijn Wija , Shi Lizheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the current development of HTA in China and to identify areas for improvement, we mapped the level of HTA development in China and compared it with the level of HTA development in ten other countries using a survey instrument.MethodsWe launched a nationwide survey targeting different stakeholders. For this purpose, we used a validated instrument that enables mapping HTA development in a country using eight domains. The views of the respondents regarding the overall level of HTA development and for each domain were compared with the results of a mapping study that included ten countries.ResultsIn total, we received 222 responses, 33 from policy-makers, 158 from researchers, and 31 from industry, as well as health provider representatives including 8 from hospitals, centers for disease control and prevention. We calculated the mean score for the level of HTA development. The overall HTA development for China was scored at 76.4 (out of a maximum of 146). Although the total score for China was comparable to the mean score of 75.6 among the ten countries, China scored significantly lower than the mean score of 117.0 among the three developed countries. In addition, China scored significantly lower in the domain of institutionalization compared to the other ten countries.ConclusionsChina needs to tackle the issue of low HTA institutionalization to strengthen the foundation of HTA development. Future government initiatives that institutionalize HTA, for example, establishing a national HTA system or consortium, will improve the development of HTA in China.
ESTIMATING THE RATE OF DEFECTS UNDER IMPERFECT SAMPLING INSPECTION—A NEW APPROACH
Authors: Gadrich Tamar , Katriel Guy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider the problem of estimating the rate of defects (mean number of defects per item), given the counts of defects detected by two independent imperfect inspectors on one sample of items. In contrast with the setting for the well-known method of Capture–Recapture, we do not have information regarding the number of defects jointly detected by both inspectors. We solve this problem by constructing two types of estimators—a simple moment-type estimator, and a complicated maximum-likelihood (ML) estimator. The performance of these estimators is studied analytically and by means of simulations. It is shown that the ML estimator is superior to the moment-type estimator. A systematic comparison with the Capture–Recapture method is also made.
Developmental pathways to social anxiety and irritability: The role of the ERN
Authors: Filippi Courtney A. , Subar Anni R. , Sachs Jessica F. , Kircanski Katharina , Buzzell George , Pagliaccio David , Abend Rany , Fox Nathan A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Pine Daniel S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEarly behaviors that differentiate later biomarkers for psychopathology can guide preventive efforts while also facilitating pathophysiological research. We tested whether error-related negativity (ERN) moderates the link between early behavior and later psychopathology in two early childhood phenotypes: behavioral inhibition and irritability. From ages 2 to 7 years, children (n = 291) were assessed longitudinally for behavioral inhibition (BI) and irritability. Behavioral inhibition was assessed via maternal report and behavioral responses to novelty. Childhood irritability was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist. At age 12, an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while children performed a flanker task to measure ERN, a neural indicator of error monitoring. Clinical assessments of anxiety and irritability were conducted using questionnaires (i.e., Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders and Affective Reactivity Index) and clinical interviews. Error monitoring interacted with early BI and early irritability to predict later psychopathology. Among children with high BI, an enhanced ERN predicted greater social anxiety at age 12. In contrast, children with high childhood irritability and blunted ERN predicted greater irritability at age 12. This converges with previous work and provides novel insight into the specificity of pathways associated with psychopathology.
The Density, Porosity, and Pore Morphology of Fall and Find Ordinary Chondrites
Authors: Li S. J. , Wang S. J. , Miao B. K. , Li Y. , Li X. Y. , Zeng X. J. , Xia Z. P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDensity, porosity, and pore morphology constitute the basic physical properties of meteorites. These properties of 214 fragments from 163 different ordinary chondrites (OCs), including falls, non‐Antarctic finds, and Antarctic finds, were measured, calculated, and investigated. Of all the measured OCs data, densities, and porosities of 37 OC falls (14 H, 17 L, and 6 LL), 31 non‐Antarctic finds (9 H and 22 L), and 95 Antarctic finds (24 H and 73 L) are reported for the first time. The individual masses of all the meteorite fragments measured in this study ranged between 0.8953 and 7.7133 g, and these masses were too low to be measured by the Archimedean glass bead method. Our study indicated that the grain density and porosity of find OCs are significantly reduced by terrestrial weathering. As a result, such OCs are not suitable for their physical propertie study. Shock degree ≤S2 slightly increases the measurable porosities of the meteorites by generating a certain amount of tiny cracks in the silicates to connect some isolated pores with the measurable pores. Shock degree over S2 significantly reduces the porosities of meteorites by compacting or even melting the material. Weathering reduced the porosities via space filling of weathering products. Shock load over S2 reduced the porosities of the meteorites by minerals compressing or melting. Moreover, the shock load over S2 also converted intergrain irregular pores into intragrain cracks. Thermal metamorphism mainly changed the pore morphology (size) by pore merging during mineral recrystallization. The pore morphology also plays a significant role in controlling the friability of OCs.
Ionizing radiation induces endothelial transdifferentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells through the Tie2 signaling pathway
Authors: Deshors Pauline , Toulas Christine , Arnauduc Florent , Malric Laure , Siegfried Aurore , Nicaise Yvan , Lemarié Anthony , Larrieu Dorian , Tosolini Marie , Cohen-Jonathan Moyal Elizabeth , Courtade-Saidi Monique , Evrard Solène M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBM) are brain tumors with a poor prognosis despite treatment that combines surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy. These tumors are characterized by abundant vascularization and significant cellular heterogeneity including GBM stem-like cells (GSC) which contribute to tumor aggressiveness, resistance, and recurrence. Recent data has demonstrated that GSC are directly involved in the formation of new vessels via their transdifferentiation into Tumor Derived Endothelial Cells (TDEC). We postulate that cellular stress such as ionizing radiation (IR) could enhance the transdifferentiation of GSC into TDEC. GSC neurospheres isolated from 3 different patients were irradiated or not and were then transdifferentiated into TDEC. In fact, TDEC obtained from irradiated GSC (TDEC IR+) migrate more towards VEGF, form more pseudotubes in MatrigelTM in vitro and develop more functional blood vessels in MatrigelTM plugs implanted in Nude mice than TDEC obtained from non-irradiated GSC. Transcriptomic analysis allows us to highlight an overexpression of Tie2 in TDEC IR+. All IR-induced effects on TDEC were abolished by using a Tie2 kinase inhibitor, which confirms the role of the Tie2 signaling pathway in this process. Finally, by analyzing Tie2 expression in patient GBMs by immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that the number of Tie2+ vessels increases in recurrent GBM compared with matched untreated tumors. In conclusion, we demonstrate that IR potentiates proangiogenic features of TDEC through the Tie2 signaling pathway, which indicates a new pathway of treatment-induced tumor adaptation. New therapeutic strategies that associate standard treatment and a Tie2 signaling pathway inhibitor should be considered for future trials.
ROS-mediated autophagy increases intracellular iron levels and ferroptosis by ferritin and transferrin receptor regulation
Authors: Park Eunhee , Chung Su Wol 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death in which the accumulation of intracellular iron promotes lipid peroxidation, leading to cell death. Recently, the induction of autophagy has been suggested during ferroptosis. However, this relationship between autophagy and ferroptosis is still controversial and the autophagy-inducing mediator remains unknown. In this study, we confirmed that autophagy is indeed induced by the ferroptosis inducer erastin. Furthermore, we show that autophagy leads to iron-dependent ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin and induction of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression, using wild-type and autophagy-deficient cells, BECN1+/− and LC3B−/−. Consistently, autophagy deficiency caused depletion of intracellular iron and reduced lipid peroxidation, resulting in cell survival during erastin-induced ferroptosis. We further identified that autophagy was triggered by erastin-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ferroptosis. These data provide evidence that ROS-induced autophagy is a key regulator of ferritin degradation and TfR1 expression during ferroptosis. Our study thus contributes toward our understanding of the ferroptotic processes and also helps resolve some of the controversies associated with this phenomenon.
Association of HLA class I and II gene polymorphisms with acetaminophen-related Stevens–Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in Japanese individuals
Authors: Ueta Mayumi , Nakamura Ryosuke , Saito Yoshiro , Tokunaga Katsushi , Sotozono Chie , Yabe Toshio , Aihara Michiko , Matsunaga Kayoko , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute-onset mucocutaneous diseases induced by infectious agents and/or inciting drugs. We have reported that the main causative drugs for SJS/TEN with severe ocular complications (SOC) were cold medicines, including multi-ingredient cold medications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Moreover, we also reported that acetaminophen is the most frequent causative drug in various cold medicines. In this study, we focused on acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN with SOC and analyzed HLA-class II (HLA-DRB1, DQB1) in addition to HLA-class I (HLA-A, B, C). We studied the histocompatibility antigen genes HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 in addition to HLA-A, B, and C in 80 Japanese patients with acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN with SOC. We performed polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (PCR-SSO) using commercial bead-based typing kits. We also used genotyped data from 113 healthy volunteers for HLA-DRB1 and DQB1, and 639 healthy volunteers for HLA-A, B, and C. HLA-DRB1*08:03 and DRB1*12:02 were associated with acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN with SOC, although the results ceased to be significant when we corrected the p-value for the number of alleles detected. HLA-A*02:06 was strongly associated with acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN with SOC (carrier frequency: p = 4.7 × 10−12, Pc = 6.6 × 10−11, OR = 6.0; gene frequency: p = 8.0 × 10−13, Pc = 1.1 × 10−11, OR = 4.9). HLA-B*13:01 (carrier frequency: p = 2.0 × 10−3, Pc = 0.042, OR = 4.1; gene frequency: p = 2.2 × 10−3, Pc = 0.047, OR = 3.9), HLA-B*44:03 (carrier frequency: p = 2.1 × 10−3, Pc = 0.045, OR = 2.4) and HLA-C*14:03 (carrier frequency: p = 3.4 × 10−3, Pc = 0.045, OR = 2.3) were also significantly associated, while HLA-A*24:02 was inversely associated (gene frequency: p = 6.3 × 10−4, Pc = 8.8 × 10−3, OR = 0.5). Acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN with SOC was not associated with HLA-class II (HLA-DRB1, DQB1). However, for acetaminophen-related SJS/TEN with SOC, we found an association with HLA-B*13:01 and HLA- C*14:03 in addition to HLA-A*02:06 and HLA-B*44:03, which have been described previously.
Identification of a novel synthetic lethal vulnerability in non-small cell lung cancer by co-targeting TMPRSS4 and DDR1
Authors: Villalba Maria , Redin Esther , Exposito Francisco , Pajares Maria Jose , Sainz Cristina , Hervas David , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Diaz-Lagares Angel , Cirauqui Cristina , Redrado Miriam , Valencia Karmele , de Andrea Carlos , Jantus-Lewintre Eloisa , Camps Carlos , Lopez-Lopez Rafael , Lahoz Agustin , Montuenga Luis , Pio Ruben , Sandoval Juan , Calvo Alfonso 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFinding novel targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly needed and identification of synthetic lethality between two genes is a new approach to target NSCLC. We previously found that TMPRSS4 promotes NSCLC growth and constitutes a prognostic biomarker. Here, through large-scale analyses across 5 public databases we identified consistent co-expression between TMPRSS4 and DDR1. Similar to TMPRSS4, DDR1 promoter was hypomethylated in NSCLC in 3 independent cohorts and hypomethylation was an independent prognostic factor of disease-free survival. Treatment with 5-azacitidine increased DDR1 levels in cell lines, suggesting an epigenetic regulation. Cells lacking TMPRSS4 were highly sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of the DDR1 inhibitor dasatinib. TMPRSS4/DDR1 double knock-down (KD) cells, but not single KD cells suffered a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest with loss of E2F1 and cyclins A and B, increased p21 levels and a larger number of cells in apoptosis. Moreover, double KD cells were highly sensitized to cisplatin, which caused massive apoptosis (~40%). In vivo studies demonstrated tumor regression in double KD-injected mice. In conclusion, we have identified a novel vulnerability in NSCLC resulting from a synthetic lethal interaction between DDR1 and TMPRSS4.