bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-105 Post-Concussive Symptom Endorsement and Symptom Attribution Following Remote Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Combat-Exposed Veterans
Authors: V Merritt , S Jurick , M Sakamoto , L Crocker , M Sullan , S Hoffman , D Davey , A Jak 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine rates of “post-concussive” symptom endorsement and symptom attribution in Veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We also explored the relationship between symptom endorsement and symptom attribution and assessed correlates of each.

Method
This cross-sectional study included 48 combat-exposed Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with remote history of mTBI. All Veterans completed clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires assessing sociodemographic factors, injury and combat-related variables, psychiatric distress, self-efficacy, and coping style. To assess symptom endorsement and symptom attribution, a modified version of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory was administered.

Results
Results showed that the most commonly endorsed “post-concussive” symptoms were several non-specific symptoms, and the symptoms most frequently attributed to mTBI included forgetfulness, poor concentration, and headaches. Furthermore, although there were some overlapping correlates of both symptom endorsement and symptom attribution, unique variables were associated with each domain. Specifically, symptom endorsement was uniquely associated with measures of psychiatric distress, while symptom attribution was uniquely associated with having a history of loss of consciousness and a greater degree of combat exposure.

Conclusions
Taken together, results suggest that endorsement of symptoms may be significantly impacted by the presence of mental health comorbidities, but that perceptions or beliefs as to why symptoms are occurring are related more to mTBI and combat-related characteristics. Findings offer potential avenues for therapeutic intervention, emphasize the importance of psychoeducation, and highlight the need to consider using alternate terminology for these symptoms that promotes recovery and minimizes misattribution of symptoms.
A-111 The Relationship between Bilingualism and Perceived Workload on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors
Authors: D Lopez-Hernandez , P Litvin , R Rugh-Fraser , R Cervantes , F Martinez , S Saravia , F Zakarian , S Fatoorechi , O Uguru , H Rad , A Arzuyan , D Hardy , D Budding , P Vespa , D Hovda , D Mcarthur , D Plurad , J Fuster , E Woo , M Wright 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We evaluated perceived workload (measured by the NASA Task Load Index; NASA-TLX) as related to Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performances in monolingual and bilingual traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors and healthy comparison participants (HC).

Method
The sample consisted of 28 TBI survivors (12 monolinguals & 16 bilinguals) and 50 HC (20 monolinguals & 30 bilinguals). SDMT written (SDMT-W) and SDMT oral (SDMT-O) were used to evaluate group differences.

Results
ANCOVA, controlling for age, revealed that the HC group outperformed the TBI group on SDMT-W, p = .001, and SDMT-O, p = .047. Furthermore, bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on SDMT-W, p = .017. On the NASA-TLX, an interaction emerged on temporal demand rating, p = .023, with TBI bilinguals reporting higher temporal demand on SDMT tasks compared to TBI monolinguals, while the HC monolingual participants reported higher temporal demands ratings compared to HC bilingual participants. Furthermore, monolingual participants showed higher levels of frustration with regard to the SDMT task compared to bilingual participants, p = .029.

Conclusion
Our data revealed TBI survivors underperformed on both SDMT trials compared to the HC participants. Also, bilingual participants demonstrated better SDMT-W performances compared to monolingual participants. Furthermore, our TBI bilingual sample reported themselves to be more rushed to complete the SDMT compared to monolingual TBI sample, but they were less frustrated. Meanwhile, our HC monolingual sample felt more rushed to complete the SDMT tasks compared to HC bilingual participants, but they were less frustrated. While we observed differences in workload ratings between language groups, it is unclear if language use, and/or other variables are driving these results.
A-116 Predicting Chronic Neurobehavioral Symptoms based on Acute Injury Characteristics and Symptoms in U.S. Military Service Members with and without history of TBI
Authors: S Lippa , J Bailie , T Brickell , L French , L Hungerford , R Lange 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complex. Often following mild TBI, recovery occurs within days or weeks, though this is not always the case. Following more severe TBI, some recover quickly, while many never fully recover. This study examines acute predictors of chronic neurobehavioral symptoms in U.S. military service members (Age: M = 33.9 years, SD = 10.2) without injury (n = 86), or with history of uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI; n = 56), complicated mild, moderate, or severe TBI (mod-sev TBI; n = 43), or bodily injury (n = 25).

Method
Participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Alcohol Use Disorder Checklist, Combat Exposure Scale, and TBI Quality of Life and passed symptom validity tests at 0–8 months and ≥ 2 years post-injury. Forward stepwise logistic regression included 26 potential predictors (demographics, injury characteristics, military characteristics, and self-report measures at baseline) of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10 Postconcussional Syndrome (PCSy) at follow-up.

Results
Cognitive Concerns (Exp(B) = .896, p = .001), Sleep (Exp(B) = 1.874, p &lt; .001), Somatosensory Symptoms (Exp(B) = 1.194, p = .012), and mod-sev TBI (Exp(B) = 2.959, p = .045) significantly predicted follow-up PCSy. When baseline NSI symptoms were removed from the model, Cognitive Concerns (Exp(B) = .902, p &lt; .001), Post-traumatic stress (Exp(B) = 1.173, p = .001), and Resilience (Exp(B) = .950, p &lt; .031) significantly predicted PCSy. For all included measures in both models, higher symptoms at baseline predicted increased likelihood of follow-up PCSy. Both models correctly classified 81.3% of participants.

Conclusion
Findings suggest patients reporting psychological distress and cognitive concerns acutely should be targeted for treatment to mitigate prolonged neurobehavioral symptoms.
A-132 MMPI-2 Clinical Scales Relation to Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: L Stebbins , B Trinidad , J Garcia , C Golden 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether MMPI-2 clinical scales are related to Acquired Brain Injury(ABI) compared to Healthy individuals.

Methods
Participants were selected by DSM-IV diagnoses from a de-identified, archival database. The sample(n = 75) included an ABI group(n = 34, Mage = 43, Medu = 13.4, 58.8% Males, 64.7% Cau.) that have had long-term chronic traumatic brain injury(TBI) and a control group(n = 41, Mage = 33, Medu = 14.2, 63.4% Males, 58.5% Cau.).

Results
Independent samples t-test analysis determined statistically significant differences between groups(p ≤ .01). Results revealed increases on clinical scale-1 (hypochondriasis; t(1,73) = 2.839, p = .006), scale-2 (depression; t(1,73) = 2.628, p = .01), and scale-8 (schizophrenia; t(1,73) = 2.570, p = .01) in ABI group compared to control group. No other significant differences were found.

Conclusion
Research has shown that TBI’s can create neurological and emotional dysfunction. The current elevations may be residual symptoms from the TBI. Research shows as a result of having a TBI, individuals suffer from depression, anxiety, PTSD, and substance abuse, which is analogous to current findings. For instance, scale-2 relates to symptoms of depression and worry and scale-1 to somatic and health complaints. These can be indirect symptoms of a TBI, in which individuals can have persistent symptoms related to physical health leading to problems with daily functioning and ultimately producing emotional distress. Additionally, research shows that individuals with persistent TBI often present with neurocognitive deficits in attention regulation, executive functioning, and memory. This can create increases in scale-8 that shows concerns related to impaired concentration/memory, impulse control, and motor/sensory complaints. Treatment of ABI’s should not only include cognitive rehabilitation, but also individual therapy due to the impact of traumatic injury on emotional functioning.
A-133 Understanding Caregiver Anxiety after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: C Burger , R Berger , L Sutcliff , K Hewitt 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
After an individual sustains a severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), the recovery process continues, as there are often long-standing difficulties in cognitive, behavioral, and physical abilities. People who care for individuals living with sTBI experience unique challenges. The term to best explain these challenges is caregiver burden. More often than not in research, caregiver burden combines stress and the emotional toll with the most challenging behaviors they encounter. This systematic review aims to assess anxiety for sTBI caregivers.

Methods
A search for recent, peer-reviewed publications was conducted using GALILEO, which encompasses PsychINFO and PubMed, with the terms “caregiver burden,” “care recipient,” “caregiver,” “burden,” “anxiety,” “stress,” “strain,” “traumatic brain injury” which resulted in N = 1,013 total articles. After excluding irrelevant studies lacking anxiety and sTBI, N = 8 articles remained.

Results
A review of relevant studies revealed many psychosocial factors that contribute to anxiety including perceived stress/strain management, coping style, and level of care. When an individual had a dual diagnosis of sTBI and psychiatric disorder (e.g., depression) combined with behavioral disturbances (e.g., anger), caregivers showed increased anxiety. Similarly, caregivers’ anxiety increased depending on military career, gender, and relationship status. Protective factors for caregivers included social support and psychotherapeutic interventions, specifically brief structured psychoeducation.

Conclusions
The results of this systematic review highlight the specific challenges sTBI caregivers face and subsequent anxiety. Individuals with sTBI experience adjustment phases post-injury, and the caregivers experience the transitions alongside the survivor. Future research should investigate how to increase caregiver protective factors and manage the impact of caregiver anxiety on individuals with sTBI.
A-148 The Experiences of Partners of Elite Athletes Diagnosed with Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS)
Authors: B Bruger 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study explored partners’ experiences of caring for an elite athlete who has post-concussion syndrome (PCS) or lingering symptoms of concussion. Until this point, the concussion literature has focused mostly on experiences of athletes (McCrory et al, 2017) and caregivers of non-athletes with brain injury. Literature on partners of athletes with PCS is woefully underrepresented. The purpose of this study is to examine the experience of partners of elite athletes with PCS to add to current concussion and caretaker literature.

Method
Conventional content analysis of semi-structured interviews was used for the inductive identification of common themes in the participants experience, with the coding categories directly derived from the text data.

Results
Major themes created from the coding of interviews included a) the lack of literature available and provided to the general public on concussions and PCS is minimal, b) there is a sense of ambiguity for partners and their post-concussed loved ones regarding duration of symptoms and what to expect, c) partners turned to non-credible sources of information and at times, adding undue stress, and d) feeling as if the dynamics of their relationship had not changed, and if they had, quite minimally, following a concussion(s) sustained by their loved one. Evidence for mild caregiver burden was found and participants identified unexpected and exhausting emotional difficulties.

Conclusion
Findings were consistent with current literature on caregivers of non-athletes with brain injury. This study extended current literature to include literature on partners of athletes with PCS.
A-149 Boy with Rolandic Epilepsy Benefited from Visuospatial Training
Authors: N Kiseleva , S Kiselev 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Children with epilepsy can have delay in the development of neurocognitive abilities. It is important to receive the evidence for efficiency of different treatments that are aimed to help children with epilepsy. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of 16 weeks of visuospatial training on the visuospatial abilities in 7 years of age child with Rolandic epilepsy.

Methods
The child is 7 year old boy with Rolandic epilepsy. The neuropsychological assessment of child has revealed the deficit in visuospatial abilities. Child participated in 16 weeks of visuospatial training. A total of 42 therapy sessions lasting 50 minutes were performed. This training trains the child to do different visuospatial exercises both on motor and cognitive level. This training is built on the conceptual framework derived from the work of Luria’s theory of restoration of neurocognitive functions (Luria, 1963, 1974).

Results
Neuropsychological assessment of child after the intervention period has revealed apparent progress in performance of 3 subtests from Luria’s neuropsychological assessment battery for children which designed to asses visuospatial functions (Head subtest, mental rotation, design copying).

Conclusion
According to result of this case report it can be assumed that visuospatial training can be used as a prospective approach for development of visuospatial functions in children with Rolandic epilepsy. However, we need to prove this result using visuospatial training for children with Rolandic epilepsy who suffer from deficit in visuospatial abilities.
A-155 Association of Feigned Attentional Symptoms with Intra-Individual Variability in Intellectual Functioning
Authors: M Myers , M Harrell , S Taylor , J Beach , S Aita , B Hill , M Calamia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The association between feigned Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and intellectual functioning was examined in a sample of undergraduate students instructed to simulate ADHD.

Method
90 undergraduate students completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), b Test, and Green’s Word Memory Test (WMT) as part of a larger study [mean age 19.23 years (SD 1.67), range 17–26 years old; mean 12.47 years of education (SD .86); 58.9% female; 58.9% Caucasian, 32.2% African American, 8.9% Other]. Intra-individual variability (IIV) was calculated as standard deviation of the overall test battery mean for the 10 core WAIS-IV subtests.

Results
A moderate association was found between WAIS-IV IIV and b Test E-score (r = .397, p &lt; .05). WAIS-IV IIV was also moderately associated with b Test errors (d errors r = .299, p &lt; .05; commissions r = .284, p &lt; .05; omissions r = .463, p &lt; .01) and completion time (r = .332, p &lt; .05). No significant relationships were found between WAIS-IV IIV and WMT performance.

Conclusions
Given that IIV within intellectual functioning was correlated with performance on b Test but not WMT, this suggests the variability in objectively measured intelligence for simulators is associated with feigned attentional symptoms but not feigned memory symptoms. These findings implicate detection of malingered symptom presentation for ADHD to be more sensitive in the attentional domain compared to memory. Therefore, performance validity tests assessing attentional abilities may be more applicable in diagnostic settings aimed at detection of ADHD.
A-158 The Effect of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Attentional Bias
Authors: R Owens , S Smith , S Lindsey , C Marker , B Robinson 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to investigate the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs, specifically household dysfunction) and attentional bias. Research has shown that ACEs can induce psychological stress and result in greater risk for neuropsychological difficulties among children who experience them (Raver and Blair., 2016). Therefore, we hypothesize that children with higher levels of ACE exposure will show higher levels of attentional bias overall.

Data Selection
Data was obtained through the longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. The broader dataset was narrowed to include variables related to household dysfunction: Parent Family Environment Scale—Family Conflict Subscale Modified from PhenX and Parent Neighborhood Safety/Crime Modified from PhenX. Attentional bias was measured via the Youth Emotional Stroop Test.

Data Synthesis
Data was analyzed using a Bivariate correlation between predictor variables and participant latency on incongruent items within the Youth Emotional Stroop Test. Neighborhood crime and response latency were significantly correlated at r(4838) = −.041, p &lt; .001. Neighborhood crime and family conflict were significantly correlated at r(4838) = −.040, p &lt; .001. Additionally, we used linear regression to examine the roles of neighborhood crime and family conflict as predictors of attentional bias (N = 4838). The two variables together significantly predicted attentional bias, F(2, 4835) = 4.50, p = .012, r2 .002.

Conclusion
Although family conflict was not significantly related to attentional bias, our results support previous research and our hypothesis that higher levels of exposure to ACEs are significantly associated with an increase in attentional bias for environmentally threatening stimuli (Caldwell., Carter., and Minzenberg 2014).
A-160 Understanding the Validity of the Digit Span Sequencing Task: A Least Executive Demand Model
Authors: J Romano Morris , M Lazar , J Henry 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore the patterns of Longest Digit Span from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), including understanding the newest sequencing condition. While there is a large body of research discriminating the cognitive demands of the forward and backward conditions, there is less literature devoted to the cognitive underpinnings of the sequencing task, and no studies looking at the applicability of this task with children. Patterns observed clinically on these conditions have suggested that the sequencing condition may involve less executive demand than the backwards condition (Least Executive Demand model). Therefore, it was predicted that Longest Digit Span Backwards (LDSB) would predict the most amount of variance in Working Memory scores on the Comprehensive Executive Functioning Inventory (CEFI).

Method
Hierarchal multiple regression analysis controlling for FSIQ was completed utilizing an archival database (n = 38) of children and adolescences (ages 6–15) referred to a university-based neuropsychological assessment clinic.

Results
Longest digit span scores were not significant predictors of Working Memory scores on the CEFI [F (4, 27) =1.746, p = .169]. However, digit span capacity was weakly predictive of CEFI Attention scores [F (4, 27) = 2.818, p &lt; .05; R2 = .295]; with sequencing capacity as the only significant predictor (beta = .62, p &lt; .05).

Conclusions
While there was no evidence that working memory capacity predicts real world working memory skills, there was evidence that digit sequencing capacity is predictive of parent reported attentional difficulties. Poor performance on DSS in children may be due to difficulties concentrating, sustaining attention or with avoiding distractions.
A-161 Corticomedial Amygdala Volume Significantly Predicts Cognitive Fexibility in an Older Adult Sample
Authors: E Jones , E Jones , L Sweet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The present study examined the relationship between anxiety, corticomedial and basolateral amygdala volume, and cognitive flexibility among older adults (OA). We hypothesized that higher subclinical Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores would be associated with lower cognitive flexibility, assessed using the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) verbal fluency. Additionally, we hypothesized that basolateral amygdala volume would negatively correspond to anxiety scores and exhibit a positive relationship with cognitive flexibility.

Method
Sixty-three OA (M age: 65; SD: 9; 59% female) were recruited via community advertising and cardiac clinics for a parent study on cardiovascular disease. Participants completed the D-KEFS and BAI as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment prior to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Amygdala segmentation was completed with FreeSurfer version 6.0, using T1-weighted MPRAGE and T2-weighted FLAIR images. Data was analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression, controlling for age, sex, years of education, and intracranial volume.

Results
No significant relationship emerged between basolateral amygdala volume and BAI scores (r = .11, p = .41) or cognitive flexibility (r = .04, p = .76). However, a significant positive relationship was observed between corticomedial amygdala volume and cognitive flexibility after controls (β = 0.37, p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
The previously reported relationship between high anxiety and basolateral amygdala volume does not appear to extend to subclinical levels. We conjecture that the significant relationship between the corticomedial amygdala and cognitive flexibility represents the upward slope between arousal and cognitive performance on the Yerkes-Dodson curve. These findings newly implicate corticomedial amygdala volume as a representative measure linking emotional arousal and cognitive performance in OA.
A-163 APOE ε4 Alters Self-Awareness of Executive Function in Cognitively Intact Middle Aged and Older Adults
Authors: S Evans , E Paitel , T Gregg , Z Ballard , C Otteman , K Nielson 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) may be an early indicator of future cognitive decline. Although early executive function (EF) decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be a sensitive predictor, the predicative utility of SCCs specific to EF is unknown. Thus, this study examined whether EF performance predicts SCCs of EF in healthy, well-educated middle aged and older adults, and whether carrying of APOE ε4 alters that prediction.

Method
Fifty-five cognitively intact middle aged to older adults (Mage = 64.1, range = 48–84, 19 e4+) completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) Executive Dysfunction Scale (EXECDYS) to measure SCCs and an EF battery (Trail-making A&B, Symbol-digit Modalities Test, verbal fluency (letter, category), which principal components analysis (varimax rotation) reduced to a single EF factor. We examined whether SCCs (EXECDYS) were predicted by EF performance (age, depression covaried), and whether ε4 moderated that prediction (PROCESS 3.0).

Results
The model was significant (R2 = 0.31; p = 0.002), with a significant EXECDYS X ε4 interaction (ß = 4.24, t(55) = 2.37; p = .02), indicating that EF performance predicted EXECDYS, but in ε4-carriers only, those with poorer EF were less aware of that dysfunction.

Conclusions
Amongst APOE ε4-carriers, a group with high risk for AD, those with poorer EF had less accurate self-awareness of their EF, suggesting earlier formal assessment is needed in ε4-carriers to detect decline. Furthermore, as our study examined healthy, well-educated, cognitively intact adults from middle age, these findings suggest ε4-carriers are at particularly high risk for AD if their self-awareness and performance of EF are both low. Combining EF assessment with self-appraisal of EF may aid AD diagnostics.