bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Propelling Janus Particles for Hemostasis in Perforating and Irregular Wounds with Massive Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Qing , Hu Enling , Yu Kun , Xie Ruiqi , Lu Fei , Lu Bitao , Bao Rong , Zhao Tianfu , Dai Fangyin , Lan Guangqian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAchieving rapid and safe control of perforating and irregular hemorrhage, defined as bleeding wounds with irregular external and internal wound shape, located deep within complex and covert hemorrhage sites, is vital to decrease the risk of mortality during prehospital treatments and surgical procedures. However, current hemostatic materials do not control hemorrhage effectively as their ability to access the bleeding source and coagulate blood is limited. Here, a biphasic Janus self‐propelled hemostatic particle (MSS@CaCO3) is prepared via uniaxial growth of flower‐like calcium carbonate crystal (CaCO3) on negatively‐modified‐microporous starch (MSS). The as‐synthesized hemostatic particle (MSS@CaCO3T) is loaded with thrombin and powered by the internal component CaCO3, with the collaborative use of protonated tranexamic acid. These particles are capable of traveling against the blood flow allowing them to access deep bleeding sites, inducing synergistic blood coagulation effects to effectively halt hemorrhaging. The self‐propelling Janus hemostatic particle is sufficiently available in the deep bleeding sites of liver and femoral artery hemorrhage models, wherein the hemorrhage is rapidly controlled in ≈50 s and ≈3 min, respectively. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt of controlling hemorrhage using Janus hemostatic particles with a self‐propelling property.
Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Its Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Jia , Tan Biying , Zhang Xin , Gao Feng , Hu Yunxia , Wang Lifeng , Duan Xiaoming , Yang Zhihua , Hu PingAn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is an emerging star of 2D materials. It is taken as an optimal substrate for other 2D‐material‐based devices owing to its atomical flatness, absence of dangling bonds, and excellent stability. Specifically, h‐BN is found to be a natural hyperbolic material in the mid‐infrared range, as well as a piezoelectric material. All the unique properties are beneficial for novel applications in optoelectronics and electronics. Currently, most of these applications are merely based on exfoliated h‐BN flakes at their proof‐of‐concept stages. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is considered as the most promising approach for producing large‐scale, high‐quality, atomically thin h‐BN films and heterostructures. Herein, CVD synthesis of atomically thin h‐BN is the focus. Also, the growth kinetics are systematically investigated to point out general strategies for controllable and scalable preparation of single‐crystal h‐BN film. Meanwhile, epitaxial growth of 2D materials onto h‐BN and at its edge to construct heterostructures is summarized, emphasizing that the specific orientation of constituent parts in heterostructures can introduce novel properties. Finally, recent applications of atomically thin h‐BN and its heterostructures in optoelectronics and electronics are summarized.
Desolvation‐Triggered Versatile Transfer‐Printing of Pure BN Films with Thermal–Optical Dual Functionality
Authors: Han Yujin , Han Hyeuk Jin , Rah Yoonhyuk , Kim Cheolgyu , Kim Moohyum , Lim Hunhee , Ahn Kwang Ho , Jang Hanhwi , Yu Kyoungsik , Kim Taek‐Soo , Cho Eugene N. , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanostructures have recently received significant attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, their applications have been limited by a lack of processability and poor film quality. In this study, a versatile method to transfer‐print high‐quality BN films composed of densely stacked BN nanosheets based on a desolvation‐induced adhesion switching (DIAS) mechanism is developed. It is shown that edge functionalization of BN sheets and rational selection of membrane surface energy combined with systematic control of solvation and desolvation status enable extensive tunability of interfacial interactions at BN–BN, BN–membrane, and BN–substrate boundaries. Therefore, without incorporating any additives in the BN film and applying any surface treatment on target substrates, DIAS achieves a near 100% transfer yield of pure BN films on diverse substrates, including substrates containing significant surface irregularities. The printed BNs demonstrate high optical transparency (>90%) and excellent thermal conductivity (>167 W m−1 K−1) for few‐micrometer‐thick films due to their dense and well‐ordered microstructures. In addition to outstanding heat dissipation capability, substantial optical enhancement effects are confirmed for light‐emitting, photoluminescent, and photovoltaic devices, demonstrating their remarkable promise for next‐generation optoelectronic device platforms.
Tumor‐Activated Size‐Enlargeable Bioinspired Lipoproteins Access Cancer Cells in Tumor to Elicit Anti‐Tumor Immune Responses
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Hong , Wang Yuqi , Gong Xiang , Xu Xiaoxuan , Sha Xianyi , Zhang Ao , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Yaping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe limited lymphocytes infiltration and immunosuppression in tumor are the major challenges of cancer immunotherapy. The use of immunogenic cell death (ICD)‐inducing agents has potential to potentiate antitumor immune responses, but is tremendously hampered by the poor delivery efficiency. Herein, a tumor‐activated size‐enlargeable bioinspired lipoprotein of oxaliplatin (TA‐OBL) is designed to access cancer cells and boost the ICD‐induced antitumor immunity for synergizing immune‐checkpoint blockades (ICBs)‐mediated immunotherapy. TA‐OBL is constructed by integrating a legumain‐sensitive melittin conjugate for improving intratumoral permeation and cancer cell accessibility, a pH‐sensitive phospholipid for triggering size‐enlargement and drug release in intracellular acidic environments, a nitroreductase‐sensitive hydrophobic oxaliplatin prodrug (N‐OXP) for eliciting antitumor immunity into the bioinspired nano‐sized lipoprotein system. TA‐OBL treatment produced robust antitumor immune responses and its combination with ICBs demonstrates strong therapeutic benefits with delayed tumor growth and extended survival rate, making it a promising delivery nanoplatform to elicit antitumor immunity for cancer immunotherapy.
Electron Beam Lithography of Magnetic Skyrmions
Authors: Guang Yao , Peng Yong , Yan Zhengren , Liu Yizhou , Zhang Junwei , Zeng Xue , Zhang Senfu , Zhang Shilei , Burn David M. , Jaouen Nicolas , Wei Jinwu , Xu Hongjun , Feng Jiafeng , Fang Chi , van der Laan Gerrit , Hesjedal Thorsten , Cui Baoshan , Zhang Xixiang , Yu Guoqiang , Han Xiufeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe emergence of magnetic skyrmions, topological spin textures, has aroused tremendous interest in studying the rich physics related to their topology. While skyrmions promise high‐density and energy‐efficient magnetic memory devices for information technology, the manifestation of their nontrivial topology through single skyrmions and ordered and disordered skyrmion lattices could also give rise to many fascinating physical phenomena, such as chiral magnon and skyrmion glass states. Therefore, generating skyrmions at designated locations on a large scale, while controlling the skyrmion patterns, is the key to advancing topological magnetism. Here, a new, yet general, approach to the “printing” of skyrmions with zero‐field stability in arbitrary patterns on a massive scale in exchange‐biased magnetic multilayers is presented. By exploiting the fact that the antiferromagnetic order can be reconfigured by local thermal excitations, a focused electron beam with a graphic pattern generator to “print” skyrmions is used, which is referred to as skyrmion lithography. This work provides a route to design arbitrary skyrmion patterns, thereby establishing the foundation for further exploration of topological magnetism.
T‐Cell‐Mimicking Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Kang Mikyung , Hong Jihye , Jung Mungyo , Kwon Sung Pil , Song Seuk Young , Kim Han Young , Lee Ju‐Ro , Kang Seokyung , Han Jin , Koo Ja‐Hyun , Ryu Ju Hee , Lim Songhyun , Sohn Hee Su , Choi Je‐Min , Doh Junsang , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapies, including adoptive T cell transfer and immune checkpoint blockades, have recently shown considerable success in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, transferred T cells often become exhausted because of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint blockades, in contrast, can reinvigorate the exhausted T cells; however, the therapeutic efficacy is modest in 70–80% of patients. To address some of the challenges faced by the current cancer treatments, here T‐cell‐membrane‐coated nanoparticles (TCMNPs) are developed for cancer immunotherapy. Similar to cytotoxic T cells, TCMNPs can be targeted at tumors via T‐cell‐membrane‐originated proteins and kill cancer cells by releasing anticancer molecules and inducing Fas‐ligand‐mediated apoptosis. Unlike cytotoxic T cells, TCMNPs are resistant to immunosuppressive molecules (e.g., transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)) and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) of cancer cells by scavenging TGF‐β1 and PD‐L1. Indeed, TCMNPs exhibit higher therapeutic efficacy than an immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma treatment. Furthermore, the anti‐tumoral actions of TCMNPs are also demonstrated in the treatment of lung cancer in an antigen‐nonspecific manner. Taken together, TCMNPs have a potential to improve the current cancer immunotherapy.
Electrohydrodynamic and Hydroelectric Effects at the Water–Solid Interface: from Fundamentals to Applications
Authors: Xu Wanghuai , Song Yuxin , Xu Ronald X. , Wang Zuankai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic and hydroelectric effects at the water–solid interface are of fundamental importance and also underpin many important applications ranging from the controlled liquid transport by applying an external electric field to the power generation from moving liquid. Also, recent advances in micro/nanofabrication and nanomaterials provide additional dimension and flexibility in controlling electrohydrodynamic and hydroelectric effects at the water–solid interface to achieve preferred functions. Despite extensive progress, the cohesive and unified review of these two largely opposite effects is currently lacking. This review first discusses the important common foundations underpinning these two effects such as contact electrification and electric double layer (EDL), then takes a parallel approach to elaborate the electrohydrodynamic processes such as electrically induced liquid flow, wetting, and droplet motion, as well as the hydroelectricity resulting from their opposite processes. The practical applications and the unsolved challenges related to these two interfacial effects are also highlighted.
Rare‐Earth Metal Ions Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Near‐IR In Vitro/In Vivo/Ex Vivo Imaging Applications
Authors: Hasan Md. Tanvir , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Roberto , Lin Ching‐Wei , Campbell Elizabeth , Vasireddy Satvik , Tsedev Uyanga , Belcher Angela M. , Naumov Anton V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) emitting biocompatible nanomaterials are desired in biotechnology as higher penetration depth fluorescence imaging probes. In this work, novel NIR‐emissive Nd3+‐doped or Tm3+‐doped biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are developed via scalable, single‐step bottom‐up synthesis. Water‐soluble Nd‐GQDs/Tm‐GQDs with average diameters of 5.6–8.2 nm possess crystalline graphene lattice with <1 atomic percent of Nd/Tm and exhibit NIR fluorescence at ≈1060/≈925 nm attributed to the intrinsic transitions of Nd3+/Tm3+. High biocompatibility with >80% cell viability at 1 mg mL−1 for Nd‐GQDs and 0.25 mg mL−1 for Tm‐GQDs makes them well‐suited for bioimaging. In vitro, both GQD types exhibit efficient internalization with their intracellular emission maximized at 6 h. The pH‐dependence of this emission can serve as plethora of diagnostic applications. GQDs enable in vivo NIR imaging in live sedated NCr nude mice with IV administration: their NIR emission maximized at 6 h post‐injection is primarily detected in intestine, kidneys, liver, and spleen, however, diminishing to none at 48 h. Ex vivo organ/slice imaging shows significant Tm‐GQD fluorescence signatures in the aforementioned organs/slices. This capability of NIR fluorescence imaging in cells, tissues, and real‐time detection in live animals makes biocompatible rare‐earth metal‐doped GQDs an attractive new candidate for in vitro/in vivo/ex vivo theranostics.
Lead‐Free Cs3Sb2Br9 Single Crystals for High Performance Narrowband Photodetector
Authors: Liu Ping , Liu Yuan , Zhang Siwei , Li Jingzhou , Wang Chunyun , Zhao Cong , Nie Pengbo , Dong Yuhan , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Shixi , Wei Guodan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLead‐free single crystal perovskite materials exhibit impressive characteristics, such as high carrier mobility, low trap density, and long diffusion length. Herein, the high‐performance blue light photodetectors are reported based on lead‐free all‐inorganic Cs3Sb2Br9 perovskite single crystals. These millimeter‐sized Cs3Sb2Br9 single crystals have small thermal activation energy of 56.8 meV estimated by temperature‐dependent photoluminescence study. There is no obvious structural phase transition of the as‐obtained Cs3Sb2Br9 single crystals since no Raman peak shift is observed with temperature increasing from 80 to 300 K. The as‐constructed high quality Cs3Sb2Br9 single crystals photodetectors have an excellent performance of a responsivity of 2.29 A W−1, a sharp detectivity of 3.77 × 1012 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) peak of 1.8 × 103%. Moreover, the photodetectors exhibit a fast response time (<0.2 ms) and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the sharp EQE peak is as narrow as 15 nm. This work provides a promising strategy in the design of lead‐free, stable, and high‐performance perovskites for photodetector devices.
Targeting Glioblastoma: Advances in Drug Delivery and Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Yeini Eilam , Ofek Paula , Albeck Nitzan , Rodriguez Ajamil Daniel , Neufeld Lena , Eldar‐Boock Anat , Kleiner Ron , Vaskovich Daniella , Koshrovski‐Michael Shani , Dangoor Sahar Israeli , Krivitsky Adva , Burgos Luna Christian , Shenbach‐Koltin Gal , Goldenfeld Miki , Hadad Ori , Tiram Galia , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal type of primary tumor in the central nervous system. Current treatments include surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With this therapeutic regimen, the median survival is less than two years. However, these treatments do not much improve the overall survival of GB patients. GBs are highly angiogenic and invasive tumors and often acquire resistance to therapy. The invasive nature of the disease limits the ability to achieve complete resection of the tumor and the majority of GB patients will experience disease relapse. Moreover, GB is highly heterogeneous, harboring different mutations and presenting different phenotypes. As the brain is considered to be an immune‐privileged tissue, GB is defined as a cold tumor for which current immunotherapies have not yet been demonstrated to improve survival. On top of these challenges, the blood brain barrier (BBB) restricts the uptake of drugs by the brain, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Therefore, enormous efforts are being dedicated to the development of novel nanomedicines, which will be able to cross the BBB and specifically target the cancer cells. Here, the current achievements in drug delivery and novel therapeutic approaches for GB therapy are discussed.
The Evolution of Flexible Electronics: From Nature, Beyond Nature, and To Nature
Authors: Wang Panpan , Hu Mengmeng , Wang Hua , Chen Zhe , Feng Yuping , Wang Jiaqi , Ling Wei , Huang Yan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe flourishing development of multifunctional flexible electronics cannot leave the beneficial role of nature, which provides continuous inspiration in their material, structural, and functional designs. During the evolution of flexible electronics, some originated from nature, some were even beyond nature, and others were implantable or biodegradable eventually to nature. Therefore, the relationship between flexible electronics and nature is undoubtedly vital since harmony between nature and technology evolution would promote the sustainable development. Herein, materials selection and functionality design for flexible electronics that are mostly inspired from nature are first introduced with certain functionality even beyond nature. Then, frontier advances on flexible electronics including the main individual components (i.e., energy (the power source) and the sensor (the electric load)) are presented from nature, beyond nature, and to nature with the aim of enlightening the harmonious relationship between the modern electronics technology and nature. Finally, critical issues in next‐generation flexible electronics are discussed to provide possible solutions and new insights in prospective exploration directions.
TRADES: Targeted RNA Demethylation by SunTag System
Authors: Mo Jing , Chen Zonggui , Qin Shanshan , Li Shu , Liu Chuangang , Zhang Lu , Ran Ruoxi , Kong Ying , Wang Fang , Liu Songmei , Zhou Yu , Zhang Xiaolian , Weng Xiaocheng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is rapidly being studied and uncovered to play a significant role in various biological processes as well as in RNA fate and functions, while the effects of defined m6A sites are rarely characterized for the lack of convenient tools. To provide an applicable method to remove m6A modification at specific loci, an m6A editing system called “targeted RNA demethylation by SunTag system (TRADES)” is engineered. In this system, the targeting element dCas13b is fused to ten copies of GCN4 peptides which can recruit multiple scFv‐fusion RNA demethylase to demethylate the target m6A site. Owing to this design, TRADES is more flexible to the indistinct m6A sites for its wide editing window. By site‐specific demethylation of messenger RNA (mRNA) SON A2699, the lifetime of SON RNA is successfully prolonged in HeLa cells. Meanwhile, TRADES negligibly influences the lifetime of other non‐targeted transcripts. TRADES also can regulate the gene expression of target transcript in an m6A‐dependent manner. Moreover, the interference occuring for HBV and HIV replications demonstrates that the TRADES system holds potential in viral life cycle regulation and clinical applications.
Dual‐Isolation and Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Exosomes from Blood Samples with Melanoma Using Immunoaffinity‐Based Microfluidic Interfaces
Authors: Kang Yoon‐Tae , Hadlock Thomas , Lo Ting‐Wen , Purcell Emma , Mutukuri Anusha , Fouladdel Shamileh , Raguera Monica De Silva , Fairbairn Heather , Murlidhar Vasudha , Durham Alison , McLean Scott A. , Nagrath Sunitha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMelanoma is among the most aggressive cancers, and its rate of incidence continues to grow. Early detection of melanoma has been hampered due to the lack of promising markers for testing. Recent advances in liquid biopsy have proposed noninvasive alternatives for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer‐exosomes are gaining influence as promising biomarkers because of their cancer‐associated molecular markers and signatures. However, technologies that offer the dual‐isolation of CTCs and exosomes using a single sample have not been thoroughly developed. The dual‐utilization OncoBean (DUO) device is conjugated with melanoma specific antibodies, MCAM and MCSP, enabling simultaneous CTC and exosome isolations. Using blood samples from patients, CTCs and exosomes are specifically isolated from a single sample and then undergo molecular profiling for comprehensive study. Melanoma patients have 0–17CTCs mL−1 and 299 µg exosomal protein mL−1 while healthy donors display fewer than 2CTCs and 75.6 µg of exosomes mL−1, respectively. It is also demonstrated that both markers express melanoma‐associated genes using multiplex qRT‐PCR to test for expression pattern of a 96 gene panel. The dual isolation and molecular characterization will allow for further research into melanoma to identify viable markers for disease progression and treatment efficacy.
Nidogen 1‐Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Extrahepatic Metastasis of Liver Cancer by Activating Pulmonary Fibroblasts to Secrete Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1
Authors: Mao Xiaowen , Tey Sze Keong , Yeung Cherlie Lot Sum , Kwong Ernest Man Lok , Fung Yi Man Eva , Chung Clive Yik Sham , Mak Lung‐Yi , Wong Danny Ka Ho , Yuen Man‐Fung , Ho James Chung Man , Pang Herbert , Wong Maria Pik , Leung Carmen Oi‐Ning , Lee Terence Kin Wah , Ma Victor , Cho William Chi‐Shing , Cao Peihua , Xu Xiaoping , Gao Yi , Yam Judy Wai Ping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with extrahepatic metastasis, the lung is the most frequent site of metastasis. However, how the lung microenvironment favors disseminated cells remains unclear. Here, it is found that nidogen 1 (NID1) in metastatic HCC cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) promotes pre‐metastatic niche formation in the lung by enhancing angiogenesis and pulmonary endothelial permeability to facilitate colonization of tumor cells and extrahepatic metastasis. EV‐NID1 also activates fibroblasts, which secrete tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), facilitate lung colonization of tumor cells, and augment HCC cell growth and motility. Administration of anti‐TNFR1 antibody effectively diminishes lung metastasis induced by the metastatic HCC cell‐derived EVs in mice. In the clinical perspective, analysis of serum EV‐NID1 and TNFR1 in HCC patients reveals their positive correlation and association with tumor stages suggesting the potential of these molecules as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of HCC. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the interplay of HCC EVs and activated fibroblasts in pre‐metastatic niche formation and how blockage of their functions inhibits distant metastasis to the lungs. This study offers promise for the new direction of HCC treatment by targeting oncogenic EV components and their mediated pathways.
Nonvolatile Memory and Artificial Synaptic Characteristics in Thin‐Film Transistors with Atomic Layer Deposited HfOx Gate Insulator and ZnO Channel Layer
Authors: Lee Hyerin , Beom Keonwon , Kim Minju , Kang Chi Jung , Yoon Tae‐Sik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNonvolatile memory and synaptic characteristics in thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with HfOx gate insulator and ZnO channel are investigated for the application to nonvolatile memory and artificial synapse in neuromorphic systems. Nonvolatile change of drain current induced by modulated gate stack properties is demonstrated to be applicable to nonvolatile memory operation. It also emulates synaptic weight change for learning and memory functions in artificial synapses. The TFTs with HfOx and ZnO layers deposited by sputtering or atomic layer deposition (ALD) at low temperatures exhibit tunable drain current upon applying gate pulses, featuring analog, reversible, nonvolatile changes with respect to pulse amplitude, width, interval, and repetition number. However, the TFTs with HfOx and ZnO by ALD at high temperatures show negligible change. The structural and chemical analyses reveal similarities in defective nature of sputter‐deposited and low‐temperature ALD HfOx and ZnO layers, leading to analogous drain current modulation. Also, the results of temperature‐ and voltage polarity‐dependent drain current changes and capacitance changes verify that the drain current modulation is driven by oxygen ion migration associated with defective states of HfOx and ZnO layers. It demonstrates feasibility of application of ALD‐HfOx/ZnO TFTs to nonvolatile memory and artificial synapses using modulated gate stack properties.