bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different zeolitic imidazolate frameworks nanoparticle‐modified β‐FeOOH rods on flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin
Authors: Liu Yucheng , Xu Wenzong , Chen Rui , Cheng Chuanming , Hu Yuzhao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA simple method was used to load zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) onto β‐FeOOH nanorods to ameliorate the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP). The morphology and structure of ZIF‐8‐β‐FeOOH (Z8Fe) and ZIF‐67‐β‐FeOOH (Z67Fe) nano hybrids were systematically characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, which proved the successful preparation of the hybrids. 3 wt% of Z8Fe and Z67Fe were added to the EP matrix, and their combustion properties were studied, respectively. The results showed that the composites' limiting oxygen index values were ameliorated to 27.3% and 28.1%, respectively. Their UL94 flame retardant rating was improved, their peak heat release rate and total heat release were reduced, their flame retardant performance was considerably improved, and their generation of toxic smoke was significantly suppressed. Further, through X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD and laser Raman spectroscopy analysis of the char residue, their potential mechanism of flame retardancy and smoke suppression were studied.
Water vapor permeability and self‐cleaning properties of solvent‐free polyurethane improved by hollow nano‐TiO2 spheres
Authors: Guo Xu , Lyu Bin , Gao Dangge , Cheng Kun , Ma Jianzhong , Yang Na , Yu Yajin , Zhao Shunhua , Shi Lei , Kou Mengnan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the synthetic leather industry, solvent‐free polyurethane film (SFPU) was poor in water vapor permeability (WVP) and washability. In this study, we introduced the hollow nano‐TiO2 spheres (HNTSs) with high photocatalytic performance and permeability performance as well as large surface area into the SFPU film to endued its superior water vapor permeability property, self‐cleaning performance and water resistance. First of all, HNTSs were prepared via the controllable chemical route using HF for internal corrosion of solid nano‐TiO2 spheres, and then introduced into hydroxyl prepolymer to prepare solvent‐free polyurethane/HNTSs composite film. The results of SEM, FT‐IR and UV analyses indicated HNTSs were successfully dispersed evenly into SFPU. Application experiment results showed that the addition of HNTSs with hollow structure had an important effect on the WVP, photocatalytic performance, mechanical property, the water vapor transmission rate, self‐cleaning performance as well as tensile strength were increased by 111.98%, more than 100%, and 36.368%, respectively.
Self‐healing interfaces of poly(methyl methacrylate) reinforced with carbon fibers decorated with carbon quantum dots
Authors: Duarte Érica Correia , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFiber‐polymer matrix interfacial debonding is often observed when mechanical loads are applied to fiber reinforced polymer composites. These defects usually end‐up leading to a catastrophic fracture of the composites. In this work, carbon quantum dots (CDs) were incorporated on the surface of carbon fibers (CF), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites with these modified fibers were able to restore their original properties after been previously damaged. To this end, CDs were synthesized and used to decorate the surface of CF. These decorated CF were then incorporated into PMMA by using a high intensity mixer. The prepared composites were submitted to dynamic mechanical, three‐point bending and self‐healing tests. Fluorescent CDs with diameters of 10 nm and functional groups, such as amine and carboxylic groups were successfully synthesized by the microwave pyrolysis method. The deposition of CDs on the surface of CF was evaluated and quantified by UV–vis spectroscopy and 1.2 wt.% of CDs on CF was determined. Composites with different surface treatments (including the presence of CD) did not show significant differences in strength, stiffness and damping, suggesting that the surface treatments on CF did not lead to major changes in the degree of interfacial interaction. Self‐healing tests showed that damaged composites with CD decorated CF were able to restore their original properties, while no self‐healing effect was noted in composites with no CD on CF. The observed self‐healing behavior between PMMA and CF decorated with CD is due to the interactions between chemical groups on the surface of the CD and PMMA. Thus, damages related to fiber‐matrix interfacial detachments can be repaired through reversible interactions based on CD.
Preparation of silica‐decorated graphene oxide nanohybrid system as a highly efficient reinforcement for woven jute fabric reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Amirabadi‐Zadeh Mahnaz , Khosravi Hamed , Tohidlou Esmaeil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the current work, silica‐decorated graphene oxide (SiO2@GONPs) nanohybrids were used to reinforce the jute fiber/epoxy (JF/EP) composite. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was utilized to prepare the SiO2@GONPs using a facial route. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy, and elemental X‐ray mapping confirmed the successful synthesis of SiO2@GONPs nanohybrids. Herein, the effects of SiO2@GONPs loading (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) on the mechanical behavior of the JF/EP composite were investigated with emphasis on the flexural and high‐velocity impact properties. The results revealed that reinforcement of matrix with 0.3 wt% SiO2@GONPs enhanced the flexural strength of the JF/EP composite by about 40%. The energy absorption capability and impact limit velocity of the 0.3 wt% SiO2@GONPs‐filled JF/EP composite were 61 and 28%, respectively, higher than those of the neat specimen. Compared to the untreated‐GONPs, the SiO2@GONPs nanohybrid demonstrated an evident superiority in improving the mechanical properties of the JF/EP composite at the same loading. Evaluation of the fracture surfaces of the multiscale composites revealed that the improved fiber‐matrix interfacial bonding was the basic mechanism of fracture in these specimens.
Prostaglandins influence protein phosphorylation in established insect cell line
Authors: Stanley David , Goodman Cynthia L. , Ringbauer Joseph A. , Song Qisheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProstaglandins (PGs) are oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and two other C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Among other actions in invertebrates, PGs act in ovarian development, renal functions, immunity, hemocyte migration, and gene/protein expression. Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism of regulating protein functions in eukaryotic cells and for some mammalian proteins it is influenced by PGs. We posed the hypothesis that PGs influence protein phosphorylation within insect cells, which we tested with the established insect cell line, BCIRL‐HzAM1. After 20, 30, or 40 min incubations in the presence of one of three PGs (at 15 μM), PGA2, PGE1, or PGF2α, separate sets of cells were processed for analysis by two‐dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry. We recorded significant phosphorylation changes in 31 proteins, decreases in 15, and increases in 15, and one protein with increased or decreased phosphorylation, depending on PG treatment. Increasing PG exposure times led to changes in fewer proteins, 20 min incubations led to changes in 16 proteins, 30 min to changes in 13, and 40 min to changes in 2 proteins. The proteins were identified by bioinformatic analyses, including transcript description, calculated molecular weights and isoelectric points, MOlecular Weight SEarch score, total ion score, numbers of peptides, percent protein coverage, E‐value, and highest peptide score. The data presented in this paper firmly support our hypothesis that PGs influence protein phosphorylation within insect cells and adds a novel PG‐signaled function to insect biology.
Do the stars align?: Stakeholders and strategies in libraries' curation of an astronomy dataset
Authors: Darch Peter T. , Sands Ashley E. , Borgman Christine L. , Golshan Milena S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen developing university‐based research data curation services, libraries face critical decisions around organization and sustainability that can affect dataset producers' satisfaction with these services. We present a study, involving interviews (n = 43) and ethnographic observation, of how two libraries partnered with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to curate a significant astronomy dataset. Each library took different decisions: one library assigned activities to a unit specializing in digital curation, while the other distributed activities across its existing units. Neither approach proved a silver bullet. While library staff members felt the outcomes largely met their expectations, SDSS leaders expressed mixed opinions. We identify three factors that contributed to these differences in perspective: differing strategic motivations for undertaking this Data Transfer Process, SDSS leaders' misperceptions about libraries, and organizational mismatches. These factors contributed to four differences in perspective between SDSS leaders and library staff: provenance as technical information or as information about social context, dataset as a live research object or as a static object to be preserved, systems and services tailored to the dataset or easily adaptable to other datasets, and obstacles as setbacks or as opportunities. Only those differences that emerged when SDSS collaboration members and library staff communicated frequently were resolved.
Inorganic Pb‐Free Perovskite Light Absorbers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Performance
Authors: Ahmad Khursheed , Kumar Praveen , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecently, enormous efforts have been made to develop the efficient, lead (Pb) free and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this regards, various strategies were applied and the optoelectronic properties of various Pb free perovskites such as (CH3NH3)3Sb2I9, (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, Cs3Sb2I9, Cs3Bi2I9, CH3NH3SnI3 and CH3NH3GeI3 etc have been investigated. However, the photovoltaic performance of the developed PSCs was still low and presence of organic moieties in common hole‐transport materials (HTMs) shows poor stability against moisture and heat. Herein, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of all inorganic Pb free perovskites (Cs3Sb2I9=1 and Cs3Bi2I9=2) and employed novel strategies (dissolution‐recrystallization) to prepare the efficient Pb free PSCs. The band gaps of the 1 and 2 were found to be 2.2 eV and 2.0 eV, respectively. The developed PSCs with 1 and 2 exhibited the power conversion efficiency of 0.68% and 1.087%, respectively.
Hysteresis in poly‐2′‐deoxycytidine i‐motif folding is impacted by the method of analysis as well as loop and stem lengths
Authors: Rogers R. Aaron , Meyer Madeline R. , Stewart Kayla M. , Eyring Gabriela M. , Fleming Aaron M. , Burrows Cynthia J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn DNA, i‐motif (iM) folds occur under slightly acidic conditions when sequences rich in 2′‐deoxycytidine (dC) nucleotides adopt consecutive dC self base pairs. The pH stability of an iM is defined by the midpoint in the pH transition (pHT) between the folded and unfolded states. Two different experiments to determine pHT values via circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy were performed on poly‐dC iMs of length 15, 19, or 23 nucleotides. These experiments demonstrate two points: (1) pHT values were dependent on the titration experiment performed, and (2) pH‐induced denaturing or annealing processes produced isothermal hysteresis in the pHT values. These results in tandem with model iMs with judicious mutations of dC to thymidine to favor particular folds found the hysteresis was maximal for the shorter poly‐dC iMs and those with an even number of base pairs, while the hysteresis was minimal for longer poly‐dC iMs and those with an odd number of base pairs. Experiments to follow the iM folding via thermal changes identified thermal hysteresis between the denaturing and annealing cycles. Similar trends were found to those observed in the CD experiments. The results demonstrate that the method of iM analysis can impact the pHT parameter measured, and hysteresis was observed in the pHT and Tm values.
Pre‐Gestational intake of Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 has anxiolytic effects in adolescent Sprague Dawley offspring
Authors: Niu Yunxia , Liang Shan , Wang Tao , Hu Xu , Li Wei , Wu Xiaoli , Jin Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAdolescence is a period of heightened susceptibility to anxiety disorders. Probiotic supplementation had a positive impact on reducing anxiety. The maternal microbiome plays an important role in child health outcomes and in the establishment of the offspring microbiome. Few studies have investigated the impact of gestational probiotic supplementation on the offspring's anxiety.MethodsThe present study examined the impact of prenatal Lactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation (LAC) on Sprague Dawley rat offspring's anxiety‐like behavior. The behaviors tested in the present study include the elevated plus maze (EPM), the open field test (OFT), and prepulse inhibition (PPI). Analyses of variance were utilized.Results(a) The performance of LAC adolescent rats in the EPM was similar to that in the OFT, both of which reflect that LAC caused an antianxiety effect in adolescent offspring rats and the antianxiety effect without sex differences; (b) LAC did not change performance in PPI and did not change the sex and age differences in PPI; and c. LAC decreased the body mass of rat offspring.ConclusionLactobacillus helveticus NS8 supplementation during gestation might have a moderate antianxiety effect in both males and females (especially adolescents) and be helpful for avoiding excessive body mass.
Postoperative cognitive change after cardiac surgery predicts long‐term cognitive outcome
Authors: Relander Kristiina , Hietanen Marja , Rantanen Kirsi , Rämö Juhani , Vento Antti , Saastamoinen Kari‐Pekka , Roine Risto O. , Soinne Lauri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common consequence of coronary artery bypass grafting. However, domain‐specific associations between postoperative changes and long‐term performance are poorly known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether domain‐specific cognitive changes after cardiac surgery predict long‐term cognitive outcome.Materials and MethodsWe assessed 100 patients (86 men, mean age 60) before coronary artery bypass grafting, with re‐examinations after one week, three months, and a mean of 6.7 years. The extensive neuropsychological test battery was organized into seven functional cognitive domains. Cognitive decline and improvement were defined with the reliable change index derived from 17 matching healthy controls. Analyses were adjusted for baseline cognitive performance, age, gender, education and cardiovascular risks factors.ResultsOn group level, one week after surgery 71% patients showed cognitive decline and 9% improvement in any functional domain, as compared to preoperative results. Three months postsurgery, decline was observed in 47% and improvement in 25% of patients. Executive functioning was the most sensitive domain to both decline and improvement. Postoperative dysfunction predicted long‐term cognitive deterioration six years after operation, particularly in the domain of executive functioning.ConclusionsPOCD after coronary artery bypass grafting is an essential risk factor for long‐term deterioration and an indication for neuropsychological follow‐up. Assessment of change in executive functioning after coronary artery bypass grafting may help to identify patients at risk for unfavorable long‐term outcome.
Disentangling the relationship between cholesterol, aggression, and impulsivity in severe mental disorders
Authors: Hjell Gabriela , Mørch‐Johnsen Lynn , Holst René , Tesli Natalia , Bell Christina , Lunding Synve Hoffart , Rødevand Linn , Werner Maren Caroline Frogner , Melle Ingrid , Andreassen Ole Andreas , Lagerberg Trine Vik , Steen Nils Eiel , Haukvik Unn Kristin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveLow total cholesterol has been linked with adverse mental symptoms such as aggression and impulsivity in severe mental disorders (SMDs). This putative association may affect the clinician's decision making about cholesterol lowering in this patient group. Here, we investigated the associations between cholesterol levels, aggression, and impulsivity in a large representative sample of in‐ and outpatients with SMD.MethodsPatients with schizophrenia‐ or bipolar spectrum disorders (N = 1 001) underwent thorough clinical characterization and blood sampling (total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol). Aggression was characterized by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Excited Component. Impulsivity was measured with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale in a subsample of patients (N = 288). We used a multinomial logistic regression model to analyze the association between cholesterol and aggression and a multiple linear regression model to analyze the association between cholesterol and impulsivity, while controlling for confounders.ResultsWe found no significant associations between cholesterol levels and aggression or impulsivity. There were no significant interactions between cholesterol and diagnostic group or inpatient versus outpatient status. Controlling for medication use, body mass index, alcohol or illicit substance use did not affect the results.ConclusionIn this large sample of patients with schizophrenia‐ and bipolar spectrum disorders, we found no associations between cholesterol levels and aggression or impulsivity. This has clinical implications as patients with SMD are at increased CVD risk and currently undertreated with statins.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of mixing and gas–liquid mass transfer in wave bag bioreactor
Authors: Svay Kirilynn , Urrea Christine , Shamlou Parviz Ayazi , Zhang Hu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSingle use bioreactors provide an attractive alternative to traditional deep‐tank stainless steel bioreactors in process development and more recently manufacturing process. Wave bag bioreactors, in particular, have shown potential applications for cultivation of shear sensitive human and animal cells. However, the lack of knowledge about the complex fluid flow environment prevailing in wave bag bioreactors has so far hampered the development of a scientific rationale for their scale up. In this study, we use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the details of the flow field in a 20‐L wave bag bioreactor as a function of rocking angle and rocking speed. The results are presented in terms of local and mean velocities, mixing, and energy dissipation rates, which are used to create a process engineering framework for the scale‐up of wave bag bioreactors. Proof‐of‐concept analysis of mixing and fluid flow in the 20‐L wave bag bioreactor demonstrates the applicability of the CFD methodology and the temporal and spatial energy dissipation rates integrated and averaged over the liquid volume in the bag provide the means to correlate experimental volumetric oxygen transfer rates (kLa) data with power per unit volume. This correlation could be used as a rule of thumb for scaling up and down the wave bag bioreactors.
Single‐cell oil production by Mortierella isabellinaDSM 1414 using different sugars as carbon source
Authors: Demir Muammer , Gündes Aysen Güher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPure carbon sources, especially carbohydrates which are raw materials deriving from agro‐industrial processes, are often used for small‐scale single‐cell oil production by fermentation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different pure carbon sources on cell growth, lipid accumulation, and γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) production by the filamentous fungus Mortierella isabellina DSM 1414 (Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen). The sugars utilized in this study are found extensively and abundantly in nature, especially in food raw materials and, in consequence, in agro‐food industry wastes or surpluses. Thus, the potential of many waste materials containing these sugars to be used in the production of single‐cell oil by fermentation could also be evaluated. The effects of the sugars utilized on cell growth, biomass production, and lipid production were investigated. Fatty acids were also analysed in the lipids produced at the end of the fermentations. Results showed that the maximum biomass production was 10.80 g/L in lactose‐based media, while the maximum oil production was 5.44 g/L in maltose‐based media. Oleic (20.42%–42.94%), palmitic (14.96%–22.19%), and stearic (9.00%–26.92%) acids were the major fatty acids along with linoleic acid (11.35%–18.67%) and GLA (3.56%–8.04%). The production of GLA as the target fatty acid was remarkable. This study indicates that agro‐industrial waste including most of the sugars utilized (except for arabinose and sucrose with lipid production of 0.81 and 0.28 g/L, respectively) can be employed for production of single‐cell oil by M. isabellina DSM 1414 which contains a high amount of GLA.
Female ejaculation: An update on anatomy, history, and controversies
Authors: Rodriguez Felix D. , Camacho Amarilis , Bordes Stephen J. , Gardner Brady , Levin Roy J. , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFemale ejaculation is a contentious topic. From a review of the literature, history indicates that it is not a modern concept; some females were aware of it in times past without understanding the role of the fluid or composition of the ejaculate. Over time, scholars experimented, mainly with anatomical studies, in an attempt to identify the source of the ejaculate and explore its physiological and anatomical benefits for the female sexual experience. Despite these studies, views about female ejaculation remain controversial and inconsistent, with no clear conclusion as to its function. This review discusses the history of studies of female ejaculation and presents various hypotheses from an anatomical and physiological perspective. After reviewing 44 publications from 1889 to 2019, it became apparent that clinical and anatomical studies conducted during recent decades provide substantial evidence in support of the female ejaculatory phenomenon. Anatomical studies have shown that the ejaculate originates in the paraurethral (Skene's) glands, but its composition has been debated. Female ejaculate differs from urine in its creatinine and urea concentrations. The fluid also contains prostate specific antigen (PSA) and could have antibacterial properties that serve to protect the urethra. While the specific function of female ejaculation remains a topic of debate, there is sufficient evidence to support the existence of the phenomenon.