bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFTR deletion affects mouse osteoblasts in a gender‐specific manner
Authors: Orlando Valérie , Morin Geneviève , Laffont Alisson , Lénart Déborah , Solórzano Barrera Carolina , Mustafy Tanvir , Sankhe Safiétou , Villemure Isabelle , Mailhot Geneviève 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdvancements in research and care have contributed to increase life expectancy of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). With increasing age comes a greater likelihood of developing CF bone disease, a comorbidity characterized by a low bone mass and impaired bone quality, which displays gender differences in severity. However, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this gender difference have never been thoroughly investigated. We used bone marrow‐derived osteoblasts and osteoclasts from Cftr+/+ and Cftr−/− mice to examine whether the impact of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) deletion on cellular differentiation and functions differed between genders. To determine whether in vitro findings translated into in vivo observations, we used imaging techniques and three‐point bending testing. In vitro studies revealed no osteoclast‐autonomous defect but impairment of osteoblast differentiation and functions and aberrant responses to various stimuli in cells isolated from Cftr−/− females only. Compared with wild‐type controls, knockout mice exhibited a trabecular osteopenic phenotype that was more pronounced in Cftr−/− males than Cftr−/− females. Bone strength was reduced to a similar extent in knockout mice of both genders. In conclusion, we find a trabecular bone phenotype in Cftr−/− mice that was slightly more pronounced in males than females, which is reminiscent of the situation found in patients. However, at the osteoblast level, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this phenotype differ between males and females, which may underlie gender differences in the way bone marrow–derived osteoblasts behave in absence of CFTR.
Fabrication and characterization of graphene oxide–polyethersulfone (GO–PES) composite flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes for oil–water separation
Authors: Junaidi Nurul Fatin Diana , Othman Nur Hidayati , Shahruddin Munawar Zaman , Alias Nur Hashimah , Marpani Fauziah , Lau Woei Jye , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, a series of graphene oxide–polyethersulfone (GO–PES) composite flat sheet (FS) and hollow fiber (HF) membranes were fabricated by blending 0.5 and 1.0 wt% of GO into the PES matrix and utilized for oil–water separation. GO was first prepared and characterized by using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) before being used as membrane fillers.RESULTSInterestingly, although similar dope composition was used for the fabrication of HF and FS membranes, their morphology and pore size varied significantly owing to the way the membranes were fabricated. Significant enhancement of hydrophilicity was observed for both composite FS and HF membranes, where the water contact angle value decreased from 74.8° to 42.2° and 71.4° to 49.8°, respectively. The flux of the composite membranes increased up to 150% of the bare membranes especially when 1.0 wt% of GO was added. Although higher oil rejection (~99%) was observed for HF membranes that possess smaller pores, the permeation flux was maintained due to the improved flow dynamic. Lower oil rejection (up to 50%) was observed for FS membranes, which might be due to its big pore sizes particularly at the bottom surface. As more oil droplets formed on the membrane surface and prevented water molecules to pass through the membrane, fouling might occur rapidly.CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained in this work suggest that surface hydrophilicity, pore size of membranes and oil–water separation performances was greatly affected by membrane shape. Owing to many advantages of HF membranes, this type of membrane has great potential for commercial applications. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Classification of stomach infections: A paradigm of convolutional neural network along with classical features fusion and selection
Authors: Majid Abdul , Khan Muhammad Attique , Yasmin Mussarat , Rehman Amjad , Yousafzai Abdullah , Tariq Usman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAutomated detection and classification of gastric infections (i.e., ulcer, polyp, esophagitis, and bleeding) through wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is still a key challenge. Doctors can identify these endoscopic diseases by using the computer‐aided diagnostic (CAD) systems. In this article, a new fully automated system is proposed for the recognition of gastric infections through multi‐type features extraction, fusion, and robust features selection. Five key steps are performed—database creation, handcrafted and convolutional neural network (CNN) deep features extraction, a fusion of extracted features, selection of best features using a genetic algorithm (GA), and recognition. In the features extraction step, discrete cosine transform, discrete wavelet transform strong color feature, and VGG16‐based CNN features are extracted. Later, these features are fused by simple array concatenation and GA is performed through which best features are selected based on K‐Nearest Neighbor fitness function. In the last, best selected features are provided to Ensemble classifier for recognition of gastric diseases. A database is prepared using four datasets—Kvasir, CVC‐ClinicDB, Private, and ETIS‐LaribPolypDB with four types of gastric infections such as ulcer, polyp, esophagitis, and bleeding. Using this database, proposed technique performs better as compared to existing methods and achieves an accuracy of 96.5%.
Increased dairy farm methane concentrations linked to anaerobic digester in a five‐year study
Authors: Debruyn Zachary , VanderZaag Andrew , Wagner‐Riddle Claudia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic waste materials are sources of anthropogenic methane (CH4) emissions. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a technology that produces biogas from organic waste materials, and CH4 is the primary component of biogas. Unintended emission of CH4 from biogas facilities could undercut the environmental benefits of this technology. The objective of this study was to determine if the implementation of an AD system affected ambient CH4 concentrations ([CH4]) on a commercial dairy farm over 5 yr, from before installation into full operation. Concentrations at 4.5‐m height on a tower receiving wind that originated from various directions, comprising components of the dairy farm such as the AD facility, crop fields, or main barn, were measured using a closed‐path tunable diode laser trace‐gas analyzer. In 2012 and 2013, the first 2 yr of AD operation, [CH4] was not significantly different than pre‐AD levels in 2011 (2.04 ± 0.01 μl L−1). However, mean [CH4] increased to 2.47 ± 0.03 and 2.48 ± 0.04 μl L−1 in 2014 and 2015, respectively, and the occurrence of high [CH4] (>10 μl L−1) increased from <0.05% in Year 1 (pre‐AD) to 12% in Years 4 and 5. These elevated concentrations were related to an increased use of food waste feedstocks over time and suggest that the biogas system was a source of fugitive CH4 emissions. Food waste materials have a high biogas potential and are a valuable resource that require appropriate facility design and management to fully harness their benefits.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis and biological evaluation of new thiazolylhydrazone derivatives as tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants
Authors: Zhang Yu , Fu Xi , Yan Yangting , Liu Jinbing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, we have synthesized a series of 2‐thiazolylhydrazone derivatives (1–27) and investigated their biological activities as tyrosinase inhibitors and antioxidants. Some compounds showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activities and 4‐(2‐(2‐(1‐(4‐Aminophenyl)ethylidene)‐hydrazinyl)thiazol‐4‐yl) phenol (26) showed more potent inhibitory effect than the standard tyrosinase inhibitor kojic acid (IC50: 9.8 μM vs. 23.6 μM). Compounds 2, 14, and 26 exhibited high antioxidant activities in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) indicated that the substitutions of bromine, hydroxyl group, and amino groups cause great effect to the inhibition effect against tyrosinase. The mechanism and kinetic studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of compound 26 on the tyrosinase by acting as the reversible and uncompetitive inhibitor. Docking studies suggests that compound 26 interacts strongly with mushroom tyrosinase via hydrogen bonding.
Synthesis and Transformation of 4‐(1‐Chloro‐1‐nitroethyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐methylquinazoline: Spectral Characterization and Anti‐cancer Properties of some Novel Quinazoline Derivatives
Authors: Hoan Duong Quoc , Hoa Le Thi , Huan Trinh Thi , Dinh Nguyen Huu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn efficient and simple method has been reported for the synthesis of 4‐(1‐Chloro‐1‐nitroethyl)‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐methylquinazoline (2) as a key compound for further transformation to other novel 6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐methyl‐4‐substituted quinazolines. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterized by spectroscopic methods. The pathway of some unprecedented reactions was proposed. (E)‐1‐(6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐methylquinazolin‐4‐yl)‐3‐(4‐nitrophenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (11) exhibits high in vitro cytotoxicity on three cell lines, Hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep‐G2), Human lung carcinoma (LU‐1), and Human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) with IC50 of 2.1, 11.6 and 2.2 μM, respectively.
T3P‐promoted synthesis of a series of novel 3‐aryl‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐benzothiazin‐4‐ones
Authors: Silverberg Lee J. , Pacheco Carlos , Sahu Debashish , Scholl Peter , Sobhi Hany F. , Bachert Joshua T. , Bandholz Kaitlyn , Bendinsky Ryan V. , Bradley Heather G. , Colburn Baylee K. , Coyle David J. , Dahl Jonathon R. , Felty Megan , Fox Ryan F. , Gonzalez Kyanna M. , Islam Jasra M. , Koperna Stacy E. , Moyer Quentin J. , Noble Duncan J. , Ramirez Melissa E. , Yang Ziwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of 11 novel 3‐aryl‐2‐phenyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐benzothiazin‐4‐ones was prepared at room temperature by T3P‐mediated cyclization of N‐aryl‐C‐phenyl imines with thiosalicylic acid. This provides simple and ready access to N‐aryl compounds in this family, which have been generally difficult to prepare.
Preexisting malignancy abrogates the beneficial effects of CXCR4 blockade during sepsis
Authors: Zhang Wenxiao , Chihade Deena B. , Xie Jianfeng , Chen Ching-wen , Ramonell Kimberly M. , Liang Zhe , Coopersmith Craig M. , Ford Mandy L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Patients with cancer are at an increased risk of developing and dying from sepsis. We previously reported that blockade of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 resulted in decreased CD4+ T cell exhaustion and improved survival in a model of polymicrobial sepsis in previously healthy mice. Here, we sought to determine whether CXCR4 blockade could improve mortality and immune dysregulation during sepsis complicated with malignancy. Results in animals inoculated with a lung cancer cell line and subjected to CLP 3 weeks later indicated that CXCR4 was up-regulated on naïve and central memory T cells following sepsis. Of note, and in contrast to results in previously healthy mice, CXCR4 blockade failed to improve survival in cancer septic animals; instead, it actually significantly worsened survival. In the setting of cancer, CXCR4 blockade failed to result in T cell egress from the bone marrow, reverse lymphopenia in the spleen, or reverse T cell exhaustion. Mechanistically, elevated expression of CD69 on naïve T cells in the bone marrow of cancer septic animals was associated with their inability to egress from the bone marrow in the setting of CXCR4 blockade. In conclusion, these results illuminate the differential impact of CXCR4 blockade on sepsis pathophysiology in the setting of cancer and highlight the need for personalized therapy during sepsis.
Development of an automated, GMP compliant FASTlab™ radiosynthesis of [18F]GE‐179 for the clinical study of activated NMDA receptors
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Berg Tom Christian , Brown Jane , Bhalla Rajiv , Wilson Anthony , Black Andrew , McRobbie Graeme , Nairne James , Olsson Andreas , Trigg William 
Published: January 2020

AbstractN‐(2‐chloro‐5‐(S‐2‐[18F]fluoroethyl)thiophenyl)‐N'‐(3‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N'‐methylguanidine, ([18F]GE‐179), has been identified as a promising positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for the intra‐channel phencyclidine (PCP) binding site of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The radiosynthesis of [18F]GE‐179 has only been performed at low radioactivity levels. However, the manufacture of a GMP compliant product at high radioactivity levels was required for clinical studies. We describe the development of a process using the GE FASTlab™ radiosynthesis platform coupled with HPLC purification. The radiosynthesis is a two‐step process, involving the nucleophilic fluorination of ethylene ditosylate, 11, followed by alkylation to the deprotonated thiol precursor, N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiophenol)‐N'‐(3‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N'‐methyl guanidine, 8. The crude product was purified by semi‐preparative HPLC to give the formulated product in an activity yield (AY) of 7 ± 2% (n = 15) with a total synthesis time of 120 minutes. The radioactive concentration (RAC) and radiochemical purity (RCP) were 328 ± 77 MBq/mL and 96.5 ± 1% respectively and the total chemical content was 2 ± 1 μg. The final formulation volume was 14 mL. The previously described radiosynthesis of [18F]GE‐179 was successfully modified to deliver an process on the FASTlab™ that allows the manufacture of a GMP quality product from high starting radioactivitity (up to 80 GBq) and delivers a product suitable for clinical use.
Pre‐school neurocognitive and functional outcomes after liver transplant in children with early onset urea cycle disorders, maple syrup urine disease, and propionic acidemia: An inception cohort matched‐comparison study
Authors: Jain‐Ghai Shailly , Joffe Ari R. , Bond Gwen Y. , Siriwardena Komudi , Chan Alicia , Yap Jason Y. K. , Hajihosseini Morteza , Dinu Irina A. , Acton Bryan V. , Robertson Charlene M. T. ,   the Western Canadian Complex Pediatric Therapies Follow‐up Group
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrea cycle disorders (UCD) and organic acid disorders classically present in the neonatal period. In those who survive, developmental delay is common with continued risk of regression. Liver transplantation improves the biochemical abnormality and patient survival is good. We report the neurocognitive and functional outcomes post‐transplant for nine UCD, three maple syrup urine disease, and one propionic acidemia patient.MethodsThirteen inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) patients were individually one‐to‐two matched to 26 non‐IEM patients. All patients received liver transplant. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare full‐scale intelligence‐quotient (FSIQ) and Adaptive Behavior Assessment System‐II General Adaptive Composite (GAC) at age 4.5 years. Dichotomous outcomes were reported as percentages.ResultsFSIQ and GAC median [IQR] was 75 [54, 82.5] and 62.0 [47.5, 83] in IEM compared with 94.5 [79.8, 103.5] and 88.0 [74.3, 97.5] in matched patients (P‐value <.001), respectively. Of IEM patients, 6 (46%) had intellectual disability (FSIQ and GAC <70), 5 (39%) had autism spectrum disorder, and 1/13 (8%) had cerebral palsy, compared to 1/26 (4%), 0, 0, and 0% of matched patients, respectively. In the subgroup of nine with UCDs, FSIQ (64[54, 79]), and GAC (56[45, 75]) were lower than matched patients (100.5 [98.5, 101] and 95 [86.5, 99.5]), P = .005 and .003, respectively.ConclusionThis study evaluated FSIQ and GAC at age 4.5 years through a case‐comparison between IEM and matched non‐IEM patients post‐liver transplantation. The neurocognitive and functional outcomes remained poor in IEM patients, particularly in UCD. This information should be included when counselling parents regarding post‐transplant outcome.
Parenteral Nutrition–Dependent Children With Short‐Bowel Syndrome Lack Duodenal‐Adaptive Hyperplasia but Show Molecular Signs of Altered Mucosal Function
Authors: Sanaksenaho Galina , Mutanen Annika , Godbole Nimish , Kyrönlahti Antti , Koivusalo Antti , Lohi Jouko , Pihlajoki Marjut , Heikinheimo Markku , Pakarinen Mikko P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough adaptive mucosal growth of the remaining small intestine is an essential compensatory mechanism to bowel resection in experimental short‐bowel syndrome (SBS), only scarce clinical data are available. We studied structural and molecular mechanisms of intestinal adaptation in children with SBS.Methods: Fourteen patients, who had been dependent on parenteral nutrition (PN) since neonatal period for a median (interquartile range)1.4 (0.7–6.5) years, were studied at the age of 1.5 (1.0–6.5) years. Median length of remaining small bowel was 33 (12–60) cm, and 6 patients had their ileocecal valve preserved. Six children without gastrointestinal disorders served as age‐matched and gender‐matched controls. All patients underwent duodenal biopsies. Mucosal microarchitecture, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and epithelial‐barrier function were addressed using histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Villus height, crypt depth, enterocyte proliferation, and apoptosis were similar in patients and matched controls. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of numerous genes regulating gut epithelial‐barrier function (TGFB2, CAV1, CLDN1, MUC2, and NLRC4) was significantly altered. Of various nutrient transporters studied, only expression of SLC2A1 encoding facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 was increased among patients, whereas RNA expression of genes encoding sodium‐dependent glucose, sterol, fatty‐acid, and peptide transport remained unchanged.Conclusion: Duodenal mucosal hyperplasia has a limited role in mediating physiological adaptation following intestinal resection among PN‐dependent children with SBS. Further clinical studies addressing functional significance of the observed alterations in mucosal RNA expression are warranted.
Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis in adults: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service‒National Sample Cohort
Authors: Lee Kyeong Hee , Choi Yoon Young 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing the database of the National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort (NHIS–NSC), we aimed to assess the relationship between the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis.MethodsParticipants aged ≥19 years with a previous health check‐up at the NHIS between 2009 and 2015 were selected. In total, 559,280 participants were included after implementing appropriate exclusion criteria. The Chi‐squared test was used to compare the general and health‐related characteristics of participants with and without RA or periodontitis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with consecutive adjustment for confounders, were used to assess the association between the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.ResultsThe prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in patients with and without periodontitis was 6.2% and 5.2%, respectively. The prevalence of periodontitis in patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis was 19.6% and 16.6%, respectively. The possibility of having rheumatoid arthritis was greater in patients with periodontitis than in individuals without periodontitis (odds ratio [OR]; 1.22, P <0.001), and remained high (OR; 1.07, P <0.001) after adjusting for confounders.ConclusionOur results revealed a significant association between the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.
Vibrational Raman optical activity of camphor: The importance of electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contribution
Authors: Johnson Jordan L. , Zajac Grzegorz , Baranska Malgorzata , Polavarapu Prasad L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe importance of the electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contribution to the vibrational Raman optical activity (VROA) and dimensionless circular intensity difference spectra of (1S)‐camphor is examined. The spectra are simulated with and without this tensor contribution using density functional theory calculations, and similarity is evaluated for each against the experimental spectra. Careful examination of the comparison between experimental and calculated spectra reveals multiple vibrational bands, in the ~1,130–950 cm−1 region, originating from −C–H bending vibrations that are dominated by the electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contributions. The similarity overlap analysis also reveals that the similarity overlap between experimental and predicted spectra in the measured spectral range increases, by up to 12%, when electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contributions are included. The negative VROA band at 1,125 cm−1 in the experimental spectrum of (1S)‐(‐)‐camphor can only be reproduced in the predicted spectra when electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contribution is included. Investigations on additional molecules indicated that (a) two experimental VROA bands of (1S,4R)‐(+)‐fenchone at ~1,740 and 220 cm−1 originate from dominating electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contribution and (b) the symmetric and antisymmetric ring deformation modes of dimethyloxirane have dominating electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contribution. These observations establish the importance of electric‐dipole—electric‐quadrupole polarizability contribution to VROA for the first time.
Two‐stage degradation in n‐channel LTPS‐TFTs under negative and positive bias stresses
Authors: Guo Jian , Yu Zhinong , Yan Wei , Shi Dawei , Xue Jianshe , Xue Wei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDevice degradation behaviors of n‐channel low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors under negative bias stress and positive bias stress were investigated. It was found that the threshold‐voltage has a two‐stage degradation, shifting to different direction with time. The mobility and the subthreshold swing SS both show a dependence on the stress time. It was determined that the interface trap states, the grain boundary trap states, and electron trapping together dominate the time‐dependent degradation behaviors. The trap is caused by the rupture of Si─H and Si─O bonds. A comprehensive model is proposed to explain the time‐dependent degradation behaviors clearly. In addition, after removing the stress, the recovery behaviors of threshold voltage Vth can be observed, which provide the evidence supporting the degradation model proposed.