bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive variables for poor long‐term physical recovery after intensive care unit stay: An exploratory study
Authors: Ámundadóttir Ólöf R. , Jónasdóttir Rannveig J. , Sigvaldason Kristinn , Jónsdóttir Helga , Möller Alma D. , Dean Elizabeth , Sveinsson Thorarinn , Sigurðsson Gísli H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundElucidating factors that influence physical recovery of survivors after an intensive care unit (ICU) stay is paramount in maximizing long‐term functional outcomes. We examined potential predictors for poor long‐term physical recovery in ICU survivors.MethodsBased on secondary analysis of a trial of 50 ICU patients who underwent mobilization in the ICU and were followed for one year, linear regression analysis examined the associations of exposure variables (baseline characteristics, severity of illness variables, ICU‐related variables, and lengths of ICU and hospital stay), with physical recovery variables (muscle strength, exercise capacity, and self‐reported physical function), measured one year after ICU discharge.ResultsWhen the data were adjusted for age, female gender was associated with reduced muscle strength (P = .003), exercise capacity (P < .0001), and self‐reported physical function (P = .01). Older age, when adjusted for gender, was associated with reduced exercise capacity (P < .001). After adjusting for gender and age, an association was observed between a lower score on one or two physical recovery variables and exposure variables, specifically, high body mass index, low functional independence, comorbidity and low self‐reported physical function at baseline, muscle weakness at ICU discharge, and longer hospital stay. No adjustment was made for cumulative type I error rate due to small number of participants.ConclusionElucidating risk factors for poor long‐term physical recovery after ICU stay, including gender, may be critical if mobilization and exercise are to be prescribed expediently during and after ICU stay, to ensure maximal long‐term recovery.
Abrupt cessation of reboxetine along alcohol deprivation results in alcohol intake escalation after reinstatement of drinking
Authors: Ballesta Antonio , Alen Francisco , Orio Laura , Arco Rocío , Vadas Evelyn , Decara Juan , Vargas Antonio , Gómez de Heras Raquel , Ramírez‐López Mayte , Serrano Antonia , Pavón Francisco Javier , Suárez Juan , Rodríguez de Fonseca Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMajor depression (MD) is a frequent comorbidity in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients. Antidepressant prescription is often limited by poor clinical outcomes or unwanted side effects in comorbid AUD‐MD patients. Recent studies suggest that abrupt cessation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressant treatment increases alcohol consumption after an alcohol deprivation period in rats. However, the appearance of this effect after the treatment with selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) is not known. Here, we report that interruption of subchronic (14 days) treatment with the SNRIs reboxetine (15 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally) resulted in escalation of ethanol intake when the animals resume alcohol self‐administration. This effect of reboxetine treatment cessation was associated with a profound deactivation of the endocannabinoid/acylethanolamide signaling system in the prefrontal cortex but not in the dorsal hippocampus, as reflected by the decrease in the protein expression of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, the PPARα receptor, the 2‐arachidonoylglycerol synthesizing enzymes DAGLα and DGALβ, and the endocanabinoid degrading enzyme MAGL. This was associated with dysregulation of the expression of glutamic acid receptors GluN1, GluA1, and mGlu5 in the medial prefrontal cortex and the dorsal hippocampus of the animals exposed to reboxetine. The present results further support the idea that abrupt cessation of antidepressant therapy along alcohol deprivation time can boost alcohol intake after relapse through mechanisms associated with endocannabinoid/glutamate signaling dysregulation. This finding might be relevant for patients suffering AUD/MD comorbidity where antidepressant therapy must be monitored with caution for avoiding unwanted side effects if adherence to the treatment is not fully achieved.
All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among people with regular or problematic cocaine use: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Peacock Amy , Tran Lucy Thi , Larney Sarah , Stockings Emily , Santo Thomas , Jones Hayley , Santomauro Damian , Degenhardt Louisa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate pooled all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risk for people with regular or problematic cocaine use.MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective or retrospective cohort studies or clinical trials (n ≥30) of people with regular or problematic cocaine use with data on all‐cause or cause‐specific mortality. Of 2808 papers, 28 were eligible and reported on 21 cohorts, with a total 170 019 individuals. Cohorts identified based on acute care for drug poisoning or other severe health presentation were excluded. Title/abstract screening was conducted by one reviewer; a second reviewer independently checked 10% of excluded studies. Two reviewers conducted full‐text screening. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. A customized review‐specific study reporting quality/risk of bias tool was used. Data on crude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios were extracted for both all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. Standardized mortality ratios were imputed where not provided by the author using extracted data and information from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Data were pooled using a random‐effects model.ResultsThe pooled all‐cause crude mortality rate was 1.24 per 100 person‐years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.86, 1.78; n = 16 cohorts], but with considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 98.8%). The pooled all‐cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 6.13 (95% CI = 4.15, 9.05; n = 16 cohorts). Suicide (SMR = 6.26, 95% CI = 2.84, 13.80), accidental injury (SMR = 6.36, 95% CI = 4.18, 9.68), homicide (SMR = 9.38, 95% CI 3.45–25.48) and AIDS‐related mortality (SMR = 23.12, 95% CI = 11.30, 47.31) were all elevated compared with age and sex peers in the general population.ConclusionsThere are elevated rates of mortality among people with regular or problematic cocaine use for traumatic deaths and deaths attributable to infectious disease.
How (Not) to Use the History of Political Thought for Contemporary Purposes
Authors: Blau Adrian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany scholars seek contemporary insights from historical texts. Yet such efforts often fall short. Some studies do not demonstrate a gap in the literature, or they overgeneralize about the limitations of contemporary scholarship. Other studies misread contemporary authors or underestimate the complexity of contemporary issues. Interestingly, some studies use ideas that have been superseded: the history of political thought can constrain as well as liberate. Overall, I suggest, some of the boldest claims for the contemporary value of the history of political thought come from scholars whose own contemporary insights sometimes fall short. These problems risk undermining, not underlining, the contemporary relevance of the history of political thought. To draw contemporary insights from historical texts, we need to grasp how hard this can be.
The Divide Over Independence: Explaining Preferences for Secession in an Advanced Open Economy
Authors: Hierro Maria Jose , Queralt Didac 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnticipated trade, insurance, and fiscal shocks from independence structure preferences for secession independently from nonmaterial considerations. To test this claim, we draw from an original survey conducted in Catalonia before the 2017 regional election, which followed a suspended declaration of independence. Trade shocks produce differential effects depending on market specialization: Respondents working in sectors and at firms specializing in the host state market disproportionately oppose secession, whereas those specializing in foreign markets show no aversion to independence. Exclusion from public insurance strengthens preference for secession among the long‐term unemployed. Support for secession also increases with skill levels but not because of expected postindependence factor returns. The skilled population shows a better understanding of the institutional design of interterritorial redistribution. In a context of autonomy retraction, this group is more skeptical of the accommodation of regional demands within the union. Overall, we advance an individual‐level materialistic approach to the study of secession.
Good Times and Bad Apples: Rebel Recruitment in Crackdown and Truce
Authors: Hanson Kolby 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEven in long‐running civil conflicts, governments may permit rebels to recruit and gather resources freely during years‐long truce periods. Scholars and policy makers assume that these periods of forbearance allow rebel organizations to gather strength unchecked. Instead, with innovative evidence from five conflict zones in Northeast India, I show how leniency can actually undermine rebel organizations in the long run. Despite rebel leaders' best efforts, safety and comfort attract selfish opportunists who may later desert in battle, defect to the enemy, or abuse civilians. First, I show experimentally that the benefits of leniency disproportionately attract low‐commitment recruits. By sampling in local recruitment hot spots, I gathered nearly 400 likely rebel recruits, testing their motivations with attitudinal questions and a conjoint survey experiment. Second, I conducted dozens of qualitative interviews with rebel leaders, rebel soldiers, and civilian observers, tracking how truce periods altered rebel recruitment and behavioral patterns over time.
Desiring Bollywood: Re‐Staging Racism, Exploring Difference
Authors: Dattatreyan Ethiraj Gabriel 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn this article, I engage with the insights that emerged through the making of Desiring Bollywood, a collaborative ethno‐fiction project I produced in 2018. The project recruited academics, amateur actors, novice filmmakers, and enthusiastic university students to narrate the story of Jason, an aspiring actor and filmmaker from Nigeria who I first met in 2013, soon after his release from Tihar Prison in Delhi, India. My goals are two‐fold: first, to share a few scenes from the film—embedded in this article as video clips—to broadly theorize the affordances and limits of what I call re‐staging, the collaborative, performance‐based multimodal method we devised and deployed to produce Desiring Bollywood. Second, and more central to the article, I aim to analyze these very same scenes to show how re‐staging, as it offered participants involved in the project the opportunity to reflexively explore how Jason's experiences of discrimination in Delhi and the aspirations and desires that led him there in the first place, creates a rich site of analysis to engage with the nuances of anti‐Black racism in India in a moment where “India–Africa” economic relationships are on the rise. [multimodality, collaboration, racism, migration, Africa, India, Nigeria]
Survivorship of highly constrained prostheses in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: analysis of 6070 cases
Authors: Knight Matthew , Lewis Peter , Peng Yi , Hatton Alesha B. , Parkinson Ben 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundConcerns exist about the survival and complication rates of highly constrained total knee arthroplasty (TKA) prostheses. The aims of this study were to determine if there were differences between the revision and complication rates of fully stabilized (FSTKA) and hinged (HTKA) TKA, when used in both primary and revision procedures.MethodsSurvivorship of all highly constrained TKA prostheses implanted over a 17 year period were analysed by the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry. The primary outcome measure was time to first revision using Kaplan Meier estimates of survivorship.ResultsIn the primary setting, the cumulative percent revision at 11 years was higher for HTKA than for FSTKA prostheses (P = 0.014). However, this finding was only significant for patient >75 years. In the revision setting, there were no differences in the revision rates for either category of prosthesis for any age group. For the indication of periarticular/periprosthetic fracture, HTKA resulted in a lower revision rate than FSTKA in both primary and revision cohorts. There were no differences in the rates of revision for infection and aseptic loosening for either prosthesis type in primary or revision settings. The revision risk for periprosthetic fracture was higher after HTKA prostheses.ConclusionBoth FSTKA and HTKA prostheses provide similar outcomes in primary and revision procedures except for the setting of periarticular/periprosthetic fracture, where a HTKA should be used. In elderly patients, a FSTKA prosthesis is recommended as the risk of periprosthetic fracture is higher with a HTKA.
A 3‐dimensional‐printed left ventricle model incorporated into a mock circulatory loop to investigate hemodynamics inside a severely failing ventricle supported by a blood pump
Authors: Liu Guang‐Mao , Hou Jian‐Feng , Wei Run‐Jie , Hu Sheng‐Shou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntraventricular blood stasis is a design consideration for continuous flow blood pumps and might contribute to adverse events such as thrombosis and ventricular suction. However, the blood flow inside left ventricles (LVs) supported by blood pumps is still unclear. In vitro experiments were conducted to imitate how the hydraulic performance of an axial blood pump affects the intraventricular blood flow of a severe heart failure patient, such as velocity distribution, vorticity, and standard deviation of velocity. In this study, a silicone model of the LV was constructed from the computed tomography data of one patient with heart failure and was 3D printed. Then, intraventricular flow was visualized by particle image velocimetry equipment within a mock circulation loop. The results showed that the axial blood pump suctions most of the blood in a severely failing LV, there was an altered flow status within the LV, and blood stasis appeared in the central region of the LV. Some blood may be suctioned from the aortic valve to the blood pump because the patient's native heart was severely failing. Blood stasis at the LV center may cause thrombosis in the LV. The vortex flow near the inner wall of the LV can thoroughly wash the left ventricular cavity.
Surgical outcomes of hybrid hand‐assisted laparoscopic pelvic exenteration for locally advanced rectal cancer: Initial experience
Authors: Tashiro Jo , Fujii Manato , Masaki Yukiyoshi , Yamaguchi Shigeki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionHybrid hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) combines better visualization of laparoscopic surgery with the advantages of open surgery. The aim of this study was to describe important technical considerations of HALS and to assess the feasibility of hybrid HALS pelvic exenteration (PE) for primary advanced rectal cancer.MethodsFrom May 2012 to August 2018, we retrospectively analyzed 11 patients who underwent PE for primary advanced rectal cancer (< 10 cm from the anal verge). Patients were divided into the open PE group (n = 5) and the hybrid HALS PE group (n = 6).ResultsThere was no significant difference in patient characteristics between the two groups, and all included patients were male. Tumor invasion to adjacent organs was mostly anterior invasion. In addition, four patients (66%) in the hybrid HALS PE group and two (40%) in the open PE group received neoadjuvant therapy (P = .3).ConclusionCompared to open surgery, hybrid HALS has the advantages of less bleeding and less invasion, and can achieve the same results in the short‐term. It was a reasonable procedure which was easy and safe dissection of internal iliac vessels and dorsal vein complex. Thus, hybrid HALS may become a useful approach for PE.
Evaluation of an immersive virtual learning environment for operator training in mechanical and plant engineering using video analysis
Authors: Pletz Carolin , Zinn Bernd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA structural evaluation is imperative for developing an effective virtual learning environment. Understanding the extent to which content that has been learned virtually can be applied practically holds particular importance. A group of persons from the technical field of mechanical and plant engineering (N = 13) participated in a virtual operator training for a case application of additive manufacturing. To evaluate the virtual learning environment the participants answered quantitative questionnaires and were asked to apply what they had learned virtually to the real machine. Both the virtual training and testing phase on the real machine were recorded by video (800 minutes in total). The category system resulting from a structured qualitative video analysis with a total of 568 codes contains design‐, instruction‐ and interaction‐related optimisation potentials for further development of the virtual learning sequence. Mistakes, difficulties and other anomalies during the application on the real machine provide further revision options. The study uses video data for the first time to derive optimisation potentials and to investigate the learning transfer of virtually learned action knowledge to the real‐world activity.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about the topic?

A combination of quantitative and qualitative data for formative evaluation is feasible to improve the quality of virtual learning environments and maintain critical constructive feedback.
Relevant aspects for evaluating virtual learning environments include usability, technology acceptance, motivation and learning efficiency.
Different methods for measuring the learning efficiency of VR training exist, eg, subjective measures or pretests/posttests.
What this paper adds:

An immersive virtual environment with its specific methodical‐didactic concept is introduced.
Video data are used for the first time to derive optimisation potentials in a formative evaluation. The procedure of extracting and analysing the data in a structured video analysis is introduced in the paper.
Learning transfer of the virtually learned content to the real‐world context of action is assessed and applied in the field of mechanical and plant engineering on a complex real machine for the first time.
Implications for practice and/or policy:

The described methodical procedure using video analysis enables deriving design‐, instruction‐ and interaction‐related optimisation potentials.
The results show that spatial information was transferred to the real machine without any issues, whereby the main difficulties appeared during steps that require haptic feedback.
The use of IVR should be critically assessed due to the effort required in creation.
The Development of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Primary School: Contributions of Executive Function and Social Competence
Authors: Wang Yiji , Liu Yanxi 
Published: August 2020

This study sought to elucidate the contributions of inferior executive function and social competence to the development of internalizing and externalizing problems in primary school. Children (N = 1,115), on average 5.36 years old in first grade, were followed across primary school with measures of multi‐method and multi‐informant. Results of growth modeling demonstrated that poor executive function in first grade predicted high levels of both problems and a low rate of decline in externalizing problems over time, independent of the co‐occurrence of both problems. Moreover, the impact of poor executive function on behavioral problems may be dependent on its association with disruptive social competence. Findings highlighted the interrelations of risk factors to understanding the development of behavioral problems in primary school.
A novel missense variant in RBM10 can cause a mild form of TARP syndrome with developmental delay and dysmorphic features
Authors: Imagawa Eri , Konuma Tsuyoshi , Cork Emalyn E. , Diaz George A. , Oishi Kimihiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRBM10, is an RNA binding protein that is important for development by regulating the expression of multiple genes. RBM10 is on the X chromosome, and nonsense and frameshift RBM10 variants cause TARP syndrome in males. In a 4‐year‐old male, we identified a novel maternally inherited missense RBM10 variant in the RRM2 RNA binding domain, c.965C>T, p.Pro322Leu. His clinical features included intellectual disability, developmental delay, growth restriction, hypotonia, and craniofacial malformations. These features were much milder than those described in previously reported cases of TARP syndrome. By in vitro assays, we found that the mutant p.Pro322Leu RBM10 protein retained its specific RNA binding capacity, while gaining a low‐affinity nonspecific RNA binding. It was normally localized to the nucleus, but its expression level was significantly reduced with a significantly short half‐life. These results indicated that the p.Pro322Leu missense variant causes a developmental disorder in humans through a unique loss‐of‐function mechanism.
Multi‐Level Memory Structures for Simulating and Rendering Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Winchenbach R. , Kolb A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel hash map‐based sparse data structure for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, which allows for efficient neighbourhood queries in spatially adaptive simulations as well as direct ray tracing of fluid surfaces. Neighbourhood queries for adaptive simulations are improved by using multiple independent data structures utilizing the same underlying self‐similar particle ordering, to significantly reduce non‐neighbourhood particle accesses. Direct ray tracing is performed using an auxiliary data structure, with constant memory consumption, which allows for efficient traversal of the hash map‐based data structure as well as efficient intersection tests. Overall, our proposed method significantly improves the performance of spatially adaptive fluid simulations and allows for direct ray tracing of the fluid surface with little memory overhead.
The Dramatic Losses of Brazil: City‐Staging, Spectacular Security, and the Problem of Sex Tourism during the 2014 World Cup in Natal
Authors: Carrier‐Moisan Marie‐Eve 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn Brazil, the advent of several mega‐sporting events—most notably the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Rio Olympics—has led to various state practices of city‐staging. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in Natal during the 2014 World Cup, I examine the ways in which the problem of sex tourism became particularly prominent for Natal’s image, including how the World Cup exacerbated already existing state crackdowns on sex tourism and practices of city‐staging and spectacular security. I also examine how—beside the predictable alliances of conservative and church groups with the state—progressive feminists and leftist activists aligned themselves with the state in their opposition to sex tourism and reinforced, perhaps inadvertently, practices of spectacular security and city‐staging. These practices materialized in ways that provided further legitimacy to the invisibilization of sex workers from tourist sites, who were seen as at odds with the image of a world‐class, safe, family‐friendly city. While the nation mourned the spectacular defeat of the Brazilian soccer team, sex workers, too, lost dramatically during the World Cup, through new forms of sexual governance that targeted sex tourism.