bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance study of sustained petascale direct numerical simulation on Cray XC40 systems
Authors: Hadri Bilel , Parsani Matteo , Hutchinson Maxwell , Heinecke Alexander , Dalcin Lisandro , Keyes David 
Published: March 2020

SummaryWe present in this paper a comprehensive performance study of highly efficient extreme scale direct numerical simulations of secondary flows, using an optimized version of Nek5000. Our investigations are conducted on various Cray XC40 systems, using a very high‐order spectral element method. Single‐node efficiency is achieved by auto‐generated assembly implementations of small matrix multiplies and key vector‐vector operations, streaming lossless I/O compression, aggressive loop merging, and selective single precision evaluations. Comparative studies across different Cray XC40 systems at scale, Trinity (LANL), Cori (NERSC), and ShaheenII (KAUST) show that a Cray programming environment, network configuration, parallel file system, and burst buffer all have a major impact on the performance. All three systems possess a similar hardware with similar CPU nodes and parallel file system, but they have different theoretical peak network bandwidths, different OSs, and different versions of the programming environment. Our study reveals how these slight configuration differences can be critical in terms of performance of the application. We also find that with 9216 nodes (294 912 cores) on Trinity XC40 the applications sustain petascale performance, as well as 50% of peak memory bandwidth over the entire solver (500 TB/s in aggregate). On 3072 Xeon Phi nodes of Cori, we reach 378 TFLOP/s with an aggregated bandwidth of 310 TB/s, corresponding to time‐to‐solution 2.11× faster than obtained with the same number of (dual‐socket) Xeon nodes.
Binuclear Lanthanide(III) Complexes with Chiral Ligands: Dynamic Equilibria in Solution and Binding with Nucleotides Studied by Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Sahoo Jashobanta , Wu Tao , Klepetářová Blanka , Valenta Jan , Bouř Petr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBinuclear lanthanide complexes of Eu(III) and Sm(III) were obtained in the presence of chiral ligand 1,2‐(R,R+S,S)‐N,N’‐bis(2‐pyridylmethylene),2‐diamine. An unusual structure of the Eu(III) compound with two lanthanide atoms connected through two chlorines was determined by X‐ray crystallography. In solution, the dimer coexists with a monomeric complex, and the stability of the binuclear form depends on the solvent and concentration. The dimer‐monomer equilibrium was monitored by circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) measured on a Raman optical activity (ROA) spectrometer, where both forms provided large CPL anisotropic ratios of up to 5.6×10−2. Monomer formation was favored in water, whereas the dimer was stabilized in methanol. When mixed with adenosine phosphates, AMP gave much smaller CPL than ADP and ATP, indicating a high affinity of the Eu (III) complex for the phosphate group, which in connection with the ROA/CPL technique can be developed into a bioanalytical probe.
Fog‐SDN: A light mitigation scheme for DDoS attack in fog computing framework
Authors: Priyadarshini Rojalina , Kumar Barik Rabindra , Dubey Harishchandra 
Published: March 2020

SummaryCloud computing is one of the most tempting technologies in today's computing scenario as it provides a cost‐efficient solutions by reducing the large upfront cost for buying hardware infrastructures and computing power. Fog computing is an added support to cloud environment by leveraging with doing some of the less compute intensive task to be done at the edge devices, which reduces the response time for end user computing. But the vulnerabilities to these systems are still a big concern. Among several security needs, availability is one that makes the demanded services available to the targeted customers all the time. Availability is often challenged by external attacks like Denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS). This paper demonstrates a novel source‐based DDoS mitigating schemes that could be employed in both fog and cloud computing scenarios to eliminate these attacks. It deploys the DDoS defender module which works on a machine learning–based light detection method, present at the SDN controller. This scheme uses the network traffic data to analyze, predict, and filter incoming data, so that it can send the filtered legitimate packets to the server and blocking the rest.
Malignant melanoma in a child with giant congenital melanocytic nevus and satellite flekers: A rare entity
Authors: Kumari Manju , Singh Mukul , Punhani Pallavi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMalignant melanomas in the pediatric age are remarkably rare representing 0.9% of various pediatric malignancies. Congenital nevi occur in 1 in 100 newborns, whereas giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) measuring more than 20 cm is seen in 1 in 20 000 cases. Very few cases of malignant melanoma arising from GCMN have been described in English literature. The risk of developing malignant melanoma from GCMN is believed to be directly proportional to the size of the nevus and varies from 2.6% to 20% depending on the size of nevus. We present a case of malignant melanoma in a 12‐year‐old female child who had a congenital giant nevus and multiple satellite flekers all over the body.
Evaluation of the neuropharmacological effects of Gardenin A in mice
Authors: Alonso‐Castro Angel J. , Gasca‐Martínez Deisy , Cortez‐Mendoza Laura V. , Alba‐Betancourt Clara , Ruiz‐Padilla Alan J. , Zapata‐Morales Juan R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis work describes the neuropharmacological (sedative, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant) actions of Gardenin A (GA) (0.1–25 mg/kg p.o.), a flavonoid found in medicinal plants. The sedative effects of GA were assessed with the pentobarbital‐induced sleep test. The anxiolytic actions of GA were evaluated with the elevated plus‐maze, the light–dark box test, the exploratory cylinder assay, and the open field test. Motor coordination was evaluated with the rotarod test and the open field test. The antidepressant‐like actions of GA were evaluated with the tail suspension test and forced swimming test. The mechanisms of the anxiolytic‐like and antidepressant‐like effects of GA were assessed using inhibitors of neurotransmission pathways. The anticonvulsant activity of GA was evaluated with the strychnine‐induced seizure test. The sedative effects of GA were evident only at a dose of 25 mg/kg, which increased the duration of sleep but did not alter sleep onset. GA showed anxiolytic‐like actions with activity comparable to that of clonazepam in all experimental tests. The GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline reversed the anxiolytic‐like effects of GA. Furthermore, GA showed significant antidepressant‐like actions in both models with activity comparable to that of fluoxetine. Yohimbine, an α2‐adrenoceptor blocker, inhibited the antidepressant‐like actions of GA. In addition, GA (1–10 mg/kg) did not affect locomotor coordination in mice and delayed the onset of convulsions. These findings suggest that GA induces anxiolytic‐like effects and has anticonvulsant actions by the possible involvement of the GABAergic system. The antidepressant‐like actions of GA may be mediated by noradrenergic neurotransmission.
Genetic variation in an ephemeral mudflat species: The role of the soil seed bank and dispersal in river and secondary anthropogenic habitats
Authors: Böckelmann Jörg , Tremetsberger Karin , Šumberová Kateřina , Kohl Gudrun , Grausgruber Heinrich , Bernhardt Karl‐Georg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany ephemeral mudflat species, which rely on a soil seed bank to build up the next generation, are endangered in their natural habitat due to the widespread regulation of rivers. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the soil seed bank and dispersal for the maintenance of genetic diversity in populations of near‐natural river habitats and anthropogenic habitats created by traditional fish farming practices using Cyperus fuscus as a model. Using microsatellite markers, we found no difference in genetic diversity levels between soil seed bank and above‐ground population and only moderate differentiation between the two fractions. One possible interpretation is the difference in short‐term selection during germination under specific conditions (glasshouse versus field) resulting in an ecological filtering of genotypes out of the reservoir in the soil. River populations harbored significantly more genetic diversity than populations from the anthropogenic pond types. We suggest that altered levels and patterns of dispersal together with stronger selection pressures and historical bottlenecks in anthropogenic habitats are responsible for the observed reduction in genetic diversity. Dispersal is also supposed to largely prohibit genetic structure across Europe, although there is a gradient in private allelic richness from southern Europe (high values) to northern, especially north‐western, Europe (low values), which probably relates to postglacial expansion out of southern and/or eastern refugia.
Principal hydrology and water quality factors driving the development of plankton communities in a pilot city of China
Authors: Zhao Changsen , Pan Xu , Yang Shengtian , Sun Ying , Shao Nanfang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHealthy plankton communities form the basis of healthy aquatic ecosystems. By elucidating the mechanisms of mutual feedback between plankton and habitat processes and identifying key driving factors can enhance the success rate of ecosystem restoration. However, previous studies suffered from a lack of consideration for temporal and spatial variation in aquatic biome. In this study, three sets of samples were collected in May, September and October 2015 from 59 sampling sites in Jinan, a pilot city for water ecological civilization project, China. Canonical correspondence analysis was performed on the vast amount of data obtained from the samples to analyse the driving effects of various hydrological and water quality factors on plankton. The analysis results indicated that the development of plankton communities in Jinan were primarily driven by (1) hydrological factors of water depth, river width and flow velocity; (2) water quality physical factors of water temperature and conductivity and (3) water quality chemical factors of pH, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, carbonate and sulphate contents. These results will provide in‐depth theoretical and technical direction for the restoration of aquatic ecosystems in the first pilot city in China and other regions worldwide.
Phenobarbital as alternate anticonvulsant for organophosphate‐induced benzodiazepine‐refractory status epilepticus and neuronal injury
Authors: Reddy Doodipala Samba , Perumal Dheepthi , Golub Victoria , Habib Andy , Kuruba Ramkumar , Wu Xin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveOrganophosphates (OPs) such as diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and soman are lethal chemical agents that can produce seizures, refractory status epilepticus (SE), and brain damage. There are few optimal treatments for late or refractory SE. Phenobarbital is a second‐line drug for SE, usually after lorazepam, diazepam, or midazolam have failed to stop SE. Practically, 40 minutes or less is often necessary for first responders to arrive and assist in a chemical incident. However, it remains unclear whether administration of phenobarbital 40 minutes after OP intoxication is still effective. Here, we investigated the efficacy of phenobarbital treatment at 40 minutes postexposure to OP intoxication.MethodsAcute refractory SE was induced in rats by DFP injection as per a standard paradigm. After 40 minutes, subjects were given phenobarbital intramuscularly (30‐100 mg/kg) and progression of seizure activity was monitored by video‐EEG recording. The extent of brain damage was assessed 3 days after DFP injections by neuropathology analysis of neurodegeneration and neuronal injury by unbiased stereology.ResultsPhenobarbital produced a dose‐dependent seizure protection. A substantial decrease in SE was evident at 30 and 60 mg/kg, and a complete seizure termination was noted at 100 mg/kg within 40 minutes after treatment. Neuropathology findings showed significant neuroprotection in 100 mg/kg cohorts in brain regions associated with SE. Although higher doses resulted in greater protection against refractory SE and neuronal damage, they did not positively correlate with improved survival rate. Moreover, phenobarbital caused serious adverse effects including anesthetic or comatose state and even death.SignificancePhenobarbital appears as an alternate anticonvulsant for OP‐induced refractive SE in hospital settings. A careful risk‐benefit analysis is required because of negative outcomes on survival and cardio‐respiratory function. However, the need for sophisticated support and critical monitoring in hospital may preclude its use as medical countermeasure in mass casualty situations.
Long‐term large wood load fluctuations in two low‐order streams in Southern Chile
Authors: Iroumé Andrés , Cartagena Manuel , Villablanca Luisa , Sanhueza Daniel , Mazzorana Bruno , Picco Lorenzo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe eco‐hydrogeomorphic significance of large wood (LW) and its potential for increasing downstream hazards during extreme floods have been widely recognized. We used LW data collected for a 10‐year period from the two low‐order streams of Pichún (Pi) and Vuelta de Zorra (VZ) in Southern Chile to (a) determine if the abundance and dimensions of individual LW pieces change with time, (b) quantify wood load fluctuations during the 10‐year period, and (c) assess the role of LW recruitment from the riparian forests to explain wood load fluctuations during the study period. Nine years after the first survey, the number of LW pieces in Pi and VZ diminished by 60 and 40%, respectively. Despite the reduction in these numbers, in Pi, the LW dimensions did not change significantly during the study. In VZ, the dimensions exhibited statistically significant differences, despite being within the same class. In both catchments, the LW load fluctuated during a 10‐year period, but the drivers of change differed. Although tree toppling was the recruitment mechanism responsible for LW in both stream cases, the high wood load measured in Pi at the beginning of the study suggested massive tree recruitments before the first survey, followed by wood exports which were higher than inputs in the subsequent 10‐year period. In VZ, LW load decreased during the first 9 years (mean annual rate of ~9.2 m3 year−1) and then increased by ~12.1 m3 year−1 in year 10. At VZ, the inputs consisted of single trees that were recruited from the riparian area and by upstream flotation, while exports occurred by downstream fluvial transport. Wood inputs and exports occurred asynchronously and led to LW load fluctuations at decadal and annual intervals. Land management and tree species thus exert a major influence on wood inventory and budget in streams. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental investigation on the influence of annular pool shape characteristics on n‐heptane ring fires
Authors: Li Cong , Yang Rui , Li Chengwu , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe ring fire usually originates from the combustion of the annular‐distributed fuel, and it may occur in the low‐temperature environments such as the Arctic area and plateau area, which is kind of different from the conventional environment. In this paper, the annular pools with various shape characteristics were designed. The outside diameter ranged from 14.9 to 30.0 cm, the inside diameter increased from 0 to 24.5 cm, and the diameter ratio was from 0 to 0.858. A series of n‐heptane ring fire experiments were carried out. The results showed that for the annular pools with the same outside diameter, the mass loss rate (MLR) per unit area presents a piecewise trend with the diameter ratio. When the diameter ratio increases from 0 to 0.7, the MLR per unit area increases linearly because of the domination of air entrainment effect. When the diameter ratio is larger than 0.7, the MLR per unit area is independent of the annular shape due to the strong heat dissipation effect. Finally, a parameter named the outside circumference per unit area is put forward to characterize the annular pool. A corrected pressure modeling is established to normalize the ring fire with various shape characteristics.
A multipoint flux approximation with diamond stencil finite volume scheme for the two‐dimensional simulation of fluid flows in naturally fractured reservoirs using a hybrid‐grid method
Authors: Cavalcante Túlio de M. , Contreras Fernando Raul L. , Lyra Paulo R. M. , de Carvalho Darlan Karlo E. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryTwo‐phase flows of oil and water in naturally fractured reservoirs can be described by a system of nonlinear partial differential equations that comprises of an elliptic pressure equation and hyperbolic saturation equation coupled through the total velocity field. Modeling this problem is a great challenge, due to the complexity of the depositional environments, including inclined layers and fractures with different sizes and shapes, and random spatial distribution. In this work, to solve the pressure equation, we adopted a cell‐centered finite‐volume method with a multipoint flux approximation that uses the “diamond stencil” (MPFA‐D) coupled with a hybrid‐grid method (HyG) to deal with the fractures. The classical first‐order upwind method was used to solve the saturation equation, in its explicit and implicit versions. The MPFA‐D is a very robust and flexible formulation that is capable of handling highly heterogeneous and anisotropic domains using general polygonal meshes. In the strategy developed in this work, the mesh that discretize the domain must fit the spatial position of the fractures, so that they are associated to the control surfaces—as (n − 1)D cells—therefore, the calculation of the fluxes in these control surfaces is dependent on the pressures on fractures and on the adjacent volumes. In HyG, the fractures are expanded to nD in the computational domain. The proposed formulation presented quite remarkable results when compared with similar formulations using classical full pressure support and triangle pressure support methods, or even the with MPFA‐D itself when the fractures are treated as nD geometric entities.
Molecular diagnosis of alpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency: A new method based on Luminex technology
Authors: Ottaviani Stefania , Barzon Valentina , Buxens Amaya , Gorrini Marina , Larruskain Amaia , El Hamss Rachid , Balderacchi Alice M. , Corsico Angelo G. , Ferrarotti Ilaria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlpha1‐antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an under‐diagnosed hereditary disorder characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha1‐antitrypsin (AAT) and increased risk to develop lung and liver diseases at an early age. AAT is encoded by the highly polymorphic SERPINA1 gene. The most common deficiency alleles are S and Z, but more than 150 rare variants lead to low levels of the protein. To identify these pathological allelic variants, sequencing is required. Since traditional sequencing is expensive and time‐consuming, we evaluated the accuracy of A1AT Genotyping Test, a new diagnostic genotyping kit which allows to simultaneously identify and genotype 14 deficiency variants of the SERPINA1 gene based on Luminex technology.MethodsA total of 418 consecutive samples with AATD suspicion and submitted to the Italian Reference laboratory between January and April 2016 were analyzed both by applying the diagnostic algorithm currently in use, and by applying A1AT Genotyping Test.ResultsThe assay gave the following results: 101 samples (24.2%) were positive for at least one of the 14 deficiency variants, 316 (75.6%) were negative for all the variants analyzed. The identified mutations showed a 100% correlation with the results obtained with our diagnostic algorithm. Seventeen samples (4%) resulted negative for the assay but sequencing identified other rare pathological variants in SERPINA1 gene.ConclusionThe A1AT Genotyping Test assay was highly reliable and robust and allowed shorter diagnostic times. In few cases, it has been necessary to sequence the SERPINA1 gene to identify other rare mutations not included in the kit.
Quercetin prevents alterations of behavioral parameters, delta‐aminolevulinic dehydratase activity, and oxidative damage in brain of rats in a prenatal model of autism
Authors: de Mattos Bruna da Silveira , Soares Mayara Sandrielly Pereira , Spohr Luiza , Pedra Nathalia Stark , Teixeira Fernanda Cardoso , de Souza Anita Avila , Stefanello Francieli Moro , Baldissarelli Jucimara , Gamaro Giovana Duzzo , Spanevello Roselia Maria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAutism is a neuropathology characterized by behavioral disorders. Considering that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of this disease, we evaluated the effects of quercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, in an experimental model of autism induced by valproic acid (VPA). Twelve pregnant female rats were divided into four groups (control, quercetin, VPA, and VPA+quercetin). Quercetin (50 mg/kg) was administered orally to the animals from gestational days 6.5 to 18.5, and VPA (800 mg/kg) was administered orally in a single dosage on gestational day 12.5. Behavioral tests such as open field, social interaction, and tail flick nociceptive assays were performed on pups between 30 and 40 days old, after which the animals were euthanized. Cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum were collected for evaluation of oxidative stress parameters. The pups exposed to VPA during the gestational period showed reduced weight gain, increased latency in the open field and tail flick tests, reduced time of social interaction, accompanied by changes in oxidative stress parameters mainly in the hippocampus and striatum. Prenatal treatment with quercetin prevented the behavioral changes and damage caused by oxidative stress, possibly due to its antioxidant action. Our findings demonstrated that quercetin has neuroprotective effects in an animal model of autism, suggesting that this natural molecule could be an important therapeutic agent for treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).