bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scores and Online Activity Among US Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Singh Parvati , Cumberland William G , Ugarte Dominic , Bruckner Tim-Allen , Young Sean D 
Published: August 2020

Background
Evidence from past pandemics suggests that fear, uncertainty, and loss of control during large-scale public health crises may lead to increased pandemic-related information seeking, particularly among persons predisposed to high anxiety. In such groups, a greater consumption of information pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic may increase anxiety.

Objective
In this study, we examine the association between online activity and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scores in the United States.

Methods
We recruited participants for an online survey through advertisements on various platforms such as Google, Facebook, and Reddit. A total of 406 adult US participants with moderate to severe (≥10) GAD-7 scores met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey. Anxiety levels measured using the GAD-7 scale formed our primary outcome. Our key independent variables were average daily time spent online and average daily time spent online searching about COVID-19 within the past 14 days. We used as controls potential confounders of the relation between our key independent variables and GAD-7 scores, namely, sleep quality, the COVID-19 Fear Inventory scale, binge drinking, substance use, prescription drug abuse, and sociodemographic attributes.

Results
Linear multivariate regression analyses showed that GAD-7 scores were higher among those who spent >4 hours online (per day) searching for information about COVID-19 (coefficient 1.29, P=.002), controlling for all other covariates. The total time spent online was not statistically associated with GAD-7 scores.

Conclusions
Results from this study indicate that limiting pandemic-related online information seeking may aid anxiety management in our study population.
Perubahan Stress Statis Gempa Utama dan Asosiasi Distribusi Gempa Susulan: Studi Kasus Gempa Palu Mw 7,5 28 September 2018
Authors: Anggraini Ade , Mardhatillah Elvira 
Published: August 2020

Stress coulomb merupakan deskripsi kuantitatif perubahan stress statis oleh gempa utama yang dirasakan oleh patah lain di sekitarnya. Dalam penelitian ini, perubahan stress statis yang disebabkan oleh gempa Palu Mw7,5 2008 dan pengaruhnya terhadap patahan lain yang mempunyai orientasi bidang patah sejajar dengan gempa utama akan diselidiki. Metode perhitungan yang dipakai adalah perhitungan stress statis yang dirasakan oleh patahan dengan orientasi tertentu, dimana perhitungan ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh besar dan arah sumbu stress regional namun tergantung pada lokasi patahan, mekanisme bidang patah, dan besarnya slip oleh gempa utama. Dari metode ini akan diperoleh sebaran nilai stress coulomb yang selanjutnya akan dipakai untuk meninjau korelasi peningkatan maupun penurunan stress dengan lokasi gempa susulan. Perhitungan stress coulomb dilakukan pada kedalaman yang berbeda lalu dibandingkan dengan distribusi gempa susulan. Hasil perhitungan stress coulomb menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar gempa susulan terletak pada area di mana terjadi peningkatan stress. Hal ini mengindikasikan; gempa susulan tersebut terletak pada bidang patah gempa utama dan merupakan bagian dari fase ko-seismik, memiliki orientasi, dan mekanisme gerakan seperti bidang patah gempa utama.
Amoxicillin Induced Steven Johnson’s Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Mahendra Kumar R , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar , Deshpande Krishna , Kotian Ankitha 
Published: August 2020

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a very rare, potentially fatal skin reaction that is typically the result of reaction to the drug. In particular, SJS is characterized by extensive skin and mucous membrane lesions (i.e. mouth, nose, esophagus, anus, and genitalia), epidermis detachment, and acute skin blisters. In 95 % of case reports, drugs were found to be an important cause for the development of SJS. This story is a case of A 42 year old male hospitalized with rashes all over the body and fever, after oral consumption of Amoxicillin drug for sore throat. This case study discusses the possibility that serious hypersensitivity reactions with Amoxicillin can rarely occur and can be extremely harmful and life-threatening Menacing.
Keywords: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens Johnson Syndrome, Adverse drug reaction, Nikolsky’s sign
Drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Sheikh Sultan Hassan Yabere Referral Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Warsame Muktar Shekabdulahi 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: In order to enhance rational drug use, it is very important to assess the prescribing pattern of the facilities using standard prescribing checklists. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Sheikh Hassan Sultan Yabere Referral Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.
Objective: the objective of this study is to assess drug use pattern using WHO prescribing indicators at Sheikh Hassan Sultan Yabere Referral Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia 2019
Method: Retrospective study design was employed to assess the current drug prescribing pattern of Sheikh Hassan Sultan Yabere Referral Hospital.Six Month prescription papers from December 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 were surveyed. A total of 600 prescriptions that were selected using systematic random sampling were reviewed. Data was collected from prescriptions at outpatient pharmacy. The data was entered to excel and analyzed and presented with tables and charts.
Results: The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter or mean was 1.98 with a range between one and six drugs. The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic or injection prescribed were 60 % (n=600) and 2.5 % (n=600) respectively. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from an essential drug list were 89.5 % (n=600) and 98.99% (n=600). The commonly prescribed forms of antibiotics were Amoxicillin (19.15%), Amoxicillin/Clavulunate (17.41) and Azithromycin (16.83%).The most commonly prescribed injection was Ceftriaxone (52.14%).
Conclusion: This study revealed major deviation from standard WHO recommended rational prescribing practice with regard to antibiotic use. The study also showed deviation from WHO standard with regard to use of generic name and prescribing from national formulary/Essential drug list.
Keywords: Rational drug use, prescribing pattern, WHO prescribing indicators Jigjiga, Somali Region.
Synthesis And Anagesic activities of Quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-Quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one
Authors: Osarumwense P.O. , Edema M.O. , Usifoh C.O. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Objective: The current study is aimed at the synthesis of these quinazolinone derivatives quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one and evaluate them for their analgesic activity. Method: The condensation of 2-amino-methyl-4-methoxybenzoate with acetic anhydride yielded the cyclic compound 2-methyl-4, 5-disubstituted-1, 3-benzo-oxazine-4-one which further produce a novel 2,3-disubstituted quinazolin-4 ones via the reaction with hydrazine hydrate The quinazolinone derivatives quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one were evaluated pharmacologically for their in vivo analgesic activities by acetic acid induced writhing in mice. The compounds synthesized were unequivocally confirmed by means of Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer and Elemental analysis.The synthesized compounds were screened for their analgesic activity.Compounds 1,2 and 3 showed significant analgesic activity. Discussion: Compound 1 was characterized by the absence of methyl group and the presence of methyl group for compound 2. The test investigated compounds exhibited significant analgesic activity when compared with the control test sample. The compounds synthesized exhibited promising analgesic activities against . Conclusion: The compounds have high analgesic activity. Compound 3 has a higher activity compared to Compound 2 and compound 2 has a higher analgesic activity compared to compound 1. Compound 3 has a higher analgesic activity compared to the standard drugs Aspirin and Indomethacin.
Keywords: quinazolin-4(3H)-One, 2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone and 2–Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolin-4(3H)–one quinazolin-4(3H)-one, analgesic activity.
Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Components Derived from Whole Plant of Selaginella bryopteris
Authors: Jain Abhilasha , Shrivastava Savita 
Published: August 2020

Natural products and herbal remedies used in traditional folklore medicine have been the source of many medically beneficial drugs because they elicit fewer side effects, relatively cheap, affordable and claimed to be effective. However, in order to make these remedies acceptable to modern medicine, there is a need to scientifically evaluate them to identify the active principles and to understand their mechanism of action. Selaginella bryopteris (S. bryopteris) is a pteridophytic plant belongs to the family selaginellaceae. Its familiar name is sanjeevani booti. The aim of the present investigation was isolation and characterization of active components derived from whole plant of S. bryopteris. The plant was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent. The preliminary phytochemical results revealed that alkaloids, carbohydrates, reducing sugar, flavonoids, protein, amino acid, tannin and phenolic compound as active constituents in methanolic extract of S. bryopteris. The total phenolics content of whole plant of methanolic extract was (184.13±0.416 mg/gm), followed by flavonoids (89.67±2.516mg/gm). The quantification and the identification of compounds in the crude extract and active bands isolated by preparative TLC were accomplished using spectroscopic analysis. The most important compounds amentoflavone identified in the crude extract appreciable amounts may account for its various biological activities.
Keywords: Selaginella bryopteris, Isolation, Plant extraction, Phytochemical
Formulation development and evaluation of gastroretentive mucoadhesive tablets of glimepiride using natural polymers
Authors: Malasiya Rahul , Shukla Tarkeshwar P. 
Published: August 2020

Glimepiride, a third-generation sulfonylurea is poorly soluble anti-diabetic drug. Currently, the use of natural gums and mucilage is of increasing importance in pharmaceutical formulations as valuable drug excipients. Natural plant-based materials are economic, free of side effects, biocompatible and biodegradable. The development of mucoadhesive sustained release drug delivery system is recommended in order to enhance the bioavailability. A mucoadhesive tablets were developed using the natural polymer sodium alginate and gum tragacanth. Mucoadhesion is a complex phenomenon which involves wetting, adsorption and interpenetration of polymer chains. The tablets of glimepiride were prepared by direct compression method. Pre-compression parameters were evaluated. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as thickness, hardness, average weight, friability and In vitro release studies. All the compositions were resulted in adequate pharmacopoeial limits. The varying concentration of polymers was found to affect on in-vitro drug release and mucoadhesive strength. In vitro drug release of gastro retentive tablet of glimepiride shown that the formulation F5 was found to be the best formulation as it releases 98.78%. Glimepiride in a sustain release manner for an extended period of time (up to 12 hrs). The release data was fitted to various mathematical models such as higuchi, korsmeyer-peppas, first order and zero order to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism of the drug release. Prepared tablets of glimepiride may prove to be a potential candidate for safe and effective controlled drug delivery over an extended period of time for gastro retentive drug delivery system.
Keywords: Glimepiride, Gastro retentive, Anti-diabetic drug, Direct compression method
Toxicity of mercury on the brain: ability of extract of Pistacia atlantica regulated effect
Authors: Fatiha Benahmed , Belhouari Hayet Fatima Zohra , Bounoura Radjaa , Mehrab Elazhari , Kharoubi Omar 
Published: August 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of 150 mg / kg extract of the plant Pistacia atlantica against mercury-induced oxidative stress
Methods: Hg was administered intraperitoneally (2,5 mg/kg body weight, one time a week), and P. atlantica and were given orally by gavage at a daily dose (150 mg/kg body weight) to rats for 32 days. 24 male adult Albinos Wistar rats were divided into four groups: group 1 Control, group 2 (HgCl2) group 3 (Hg + P. atlantica) and group 4 (P. atlantica). Paramatrical tests of oxidative stress and histological sections of the cerebral parenchyma. Results: Our results showed that the intraperitoneal injection of mercury chloride HgCl2 causes deleterious effects in the brain resulting in: a failure of redox status by disrupting the antioxidant defense system by a significant decrease in the activity of catalase glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase acetylcholinesterase and increase of the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of lipid peroxidation markers were high in TBARS intoxicated rats with protein oxidation increased in the brain intoxicated by. The continuous use of mercury is also at the origin, in brain tissue However, supplementation of P. atlantica extract with mercury-treated rats attenuated some of the harmful and toxic effects of this metal. This clearly demonstrates the protective roles of this plant
Keywords: mercury, Pistacia atlantica, Wistar rat, brain, antioxidant, neurotoxicity.
Costus afer modulates the activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Tchamgoue Armelle D , Dzeufiet Paul DD , Kuiata Jules-Roger , Agbor Gabriel A 
Published: August 2020

Background: Glycolytic enzymes (Hexokinase and α-glucosidase) and gluconeogenic enzymes (Glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-disphosphatase) control carbohydrate metabolism and hence glucose hemostasis, an important approach for the control of diabetes. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Costus afer on these enzymes.
Materials and methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Costus afer (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight) orally for 8 weeks. Effect of the extract was monitored on the decrease in glycemia and the modulatory activities on glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes activities. The pancreas was also immunohistochemically examined for regeneration of the Islet cells.
Results: Hydro-ethanolic extract significantly decreased the blood glucose concentration, serum glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-disphosphatase activities which were associated with an increase in the activity of hexokinase in the liver and kidney. immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas, revealed the preservation and regeneration of the islet of the Langerhans cells.
Conclusion: Thus, C. afer acts against hyperglycemia modulating the activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and hexokinase, and regeneration of β-cells.
Health Benefits and Application of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Dentistry
Authors: Shinde Mitali Ravindra , Winnier Jasmin 
Published: August 2020

A wide range of artificial and synthetic products have been replaced by the natural products for daily use. The natural products are believed to have more advantages and less adverse effects. The plant products such as stem, flower, fruit, seed, leaves, etc have been experimented. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a perennial shrub which is a native of South America. During World War II, England used it as a sweetener as sugar was not available. By 1970, it was used as a sweetener in Japan. In 1994, US approved steviol glycosides as functional ingredient in dietary supplements. It is non-caloric sweetener which is 200-300 times sweeter than table sugar. Its use as a sweetener was approved by FDA in 2011. There is growing evidence supporting the use of stevia in diabetes, hypertension, weight loss, etc. Dental caries is an infectious microbiologic disease of the tooth that results in localized dissolution and destruction of calcified tissues. There has been an increased interest on antimicrobial and anti-plaque activity of stevia mouth rinse and chewing gums. Researches on the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of stevia have also been conducted to evaluate its potential advantages in the dental field. This review describes in detail the health benefits and application of stevia in dentistry.
Keywords: Stevia, Dental, Medical
La construcción de la paz
Authors: Grasa Rafael 
Published: August 2020

El texto parte de una constatación: no hay reversa a lo acordado con las FARC-EP, como texto constitucionalizado y vigente durante más de una década, aunque sí que hay margen de maniobra en cómo y cuándo implementar. Por otro lado, se distingue entre hacer las paces, el proceso y resultado de una negociación política orientada a poner fin a un conflicto armado, y construir paz, un proceso a largo plazo que busca evitar que los conflictos sociales, inevitables y recurrentes, den lugar a conductas violentas. Por eso, el horizonte a largo plazo relevante en Colombia es la construcción de paz, con un horizonte 2030 que se entremezcla con la agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. A partir de ese punto de partida, el texto pretende situar en contexto, la génesis, contexto de surgimiento y evolución de la teoría y práctica de la noción de construcción de paz, repasando los diversos debates, con el objeto de dar pistas sobre cómo deben abordarse las tareas de construcción de paz en Colombia a la luz del consenso actual sobre su teoría y práctica.
Se trata, en suma, de una síntesis de una investigación que el autor, y su equipo, llevan desarrollando desde hace más de una década y, que, en este caso, sirve para poner en el centro del debate el impacto de la comprensión de la construcción de paz no como una agenda sino como un proceso para formular políticas públicas post-acuerdo en Colombia en el presente y el futuro a medio plazo.
Evaluation of preventive procedures followed by the medical staff against covid-19 in the Syrian Arab Republic: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hessenow Razan , Hesenow Sondos , Mohammad Yara , Hammadyeh Awj Rasheed , Ghattas Kinan , Ali Lina 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
This study was oriented to investigate the current situation of Syrian medical staff working in different fields and their response regarding the preventive procedures.

Material and Methods:
Questionnaire was designed according to the World Health Organization guidelines and recommendations, addressing the preventive measures, which must be followed by healthcare workers to protect themselves and their community against COVID-19. The participation in the study was average as 1339 participants from medical staff (596 males and 743 females) have filled the questionnaire.

Results:
The results displayed high percentages of commitment in general regarding preventive measures followed (health rules, personal protective equipment, and disinfection) for all healthcare workers. The proportions of responses were varied depending on job nature. In addition, the highest range of percentage of self-evaluation was 50–75% for all medical staff.

Conclusion:
Based on the filled information, the study showed relatively good commitment to the preventive procedures by healthcare workers to control COVID-19 and prevents its spread in the community.
Dural sinus mechanical thrombectomy and continuous local rt-PA infusion in a child with refractory intracranial hypertension and progressive visual loss: A case report
Authors: Cellerini Martino , Francavilla Rosa , Testoni Caterina , Maffei Monica , Zucchelli Mino , Ghizzi Chiara 
Published: August 2020

Background:Children with intracranial hypertension are at risk for visual loss and their visual function must be closely monitored. Surgery with the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt is imperative when vision is threatened.Case Description:Herein, we report a case of a 5-year-old boy whose refractory intracranial hypertension and severe, progressive visual loss (secondary to a chronic, otogenic, right sigmoid sinus thrombosis, and a contralateral sinus tight stenosis) were resolved by a combination of continuous (6 h), locoregional, infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), and mechanical thrombectomy.Conclusion:The association of in loco and continuous infusion of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt- PA) with mechanical thrombectomy resulted in effective in partially reopening the occluded sinus and facilitating a good clinical recovery. This combined endovascular approach may represent an alternative, less invasive, therapeutic option to surgery in children with intracranial hypertension caused by chronic cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
Burr hole microsurgery in treatment of patients with intracranial lesions: Experience of 44 clinical cases
Authors: Lepsveridze Levan Teymurazovich , Semenov Maksim Sergeevich , Simonyan Armen Samvelovich , Pirtskhelava Salome Zurabovna , Stepanyan Georgy Garikovich , Imerlishvili Lado Kobaevich 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Modern technical capabilities have made minimally invasive surgery increasingly popular. Small incisions can reduce surgical duration and the degree of tissue trauma, which reduces the risk of complications. Burr hole microsurgery is a relatively new minimally invasive technique used in neurosurgery. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and outcomes of using burr hole microsurgery for the management of intracranial lesions.

Methods:
Forty-four adults were treated with burr hole microsurgery. Patients were divided into groups according to the presence of (1) brain tumors (n = 20); (2) congenital brain cysts (n = 16); (3) cavernous angiomas (n = 3); and (4) neurovascular conflicts of the 5th cranial nerve (n = 5). All surgical interventions were performed using the “MARI” device.

Results:
The transcortical approach was used to remove 16 brain tumors, and 2 brain tumors were biopsied. In the two tumor biopsy cases, the parasagittal interhemispheric route was used. Gross total resection was achieved in 10 cases (62.5%) when tumor size reached up to 4 cm, subtotal resection was achieved in four cases (25%) in large tumors, and partial resection in two cases (12.5%). In patients with congenital cysts, cavernous angiomas, trigeminal neuralgia, and symptomatic regression were noted the postoperative period. The surgical duration was 30–180 min (median, 75 min). A hemorrhagic complication was observed in one case. Significant postoperative complications and mortality were not observed.

Conclusion:
Burr hole microsurgery can treat different intracranial lesions effectively. Despite a smaller craniotomy diameter of 11–14 mm compared with keyhole approaches, surgery was successful.