bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male fetus susceptibility to maternal inflammation: C-reactive protein and brain development
Authors: Hunter Sharon K , Hoffman M. Camille , D'Alessandro Angelo , Noonan Kathleen , Wyrwa Anna , Freedman Robert , Law Amanda J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaternal inflammation in early pregnancy has been identified epidemiologically as a prenatal pathogenic factor for the offspring's later mental illness. Early newborn manifestations of the effects of maternal inflammation on human fetal brain development are largely unknown.MethodsMaternal infection, depression, obesity, and other factors associated with inflammation were assessed at 16 weeks gestation, along with maternal C-reactive protein (CRP), cytokines, and serum choline. Cerebral inhibition was assessed by inhibitory P50 sensory gating at 1 month of age, and infant behavior was assessed by maternal ratings at 3 months of age.ResultsMaternal CRP diminished the development of cerebral inhibition in newborn males but paradoxically increased inhibition in females. Similar sex-dependent effects were seen in mothers' assessment of their infant's self-regulatory behaviors at 3 months of age. Higher maternal choline levels partly mitigated the effect of CRP in male offspring.ConclusionsThe male fetal-placental unit appears to be more sensitive to maternal inflammation than females. Effects are particularly marked on cerebral inhibition. Deficits in cerebral inhibition 1 month after birth, similar to those observed in several mental illnesses, including schizophrenia, indicate fetal developmental pathways that may lead to later mental illness. Deficits in early infant behavior follow. Early intervention before birth, including prenatal vitamins, folate, and choline supplements, may help prevent fetal development of pathophysiological deficits that can have life-long consequences for mental health.
Catastrophic health expenditure and health-related quality of life among older adults in China
Authors: Zhang Yalu , Gao Qin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOlder adults have more health-care needs and higher financial burdens but fewer income resources compared to other age groups in China. Meanwhile, substantial inequalities exist between rural and urban older adults in terms of welfare benefits level, access to health care, quality of care and financial resources to pay for health-care services. Using 2011–2013 panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study and a difference-in-differences methodology, this study examined the association between the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health-related quality of life among older adults in China. To distinguish the dynamic of CHE and generate rigorous estimates, we categorised the older adults into four groups: CHE entry group, non-CHE group, CHE exit group and CHE persistent group. Overall, we found that entry into CHE was associated with poorer physical and mental health for both rural and urban older adults, but this association was more consistent and robust for physical than for mental health. Exiting CHE was found to have a weak and sporadic positive association with physical and mental health across rural and urban areas. The results suggest that financial resources and social services are needed in China to support older adults who experience CHE persistently or periodically to help improve their health outcomes.
Torture and sexual violence in war and conflict: The unmaking and remaking of subjects of violence
Authors: Gray Harriet , Stern Maria , Dolan Chris 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the wide repository of knowledge about conflict-related sexual violence that now exists, there remains a lack of understanding about how victims/survivors of such violence themselves make sense of and frame their experiences in conversation with global and local discourses and with the categorisations that underpin support programmes. Such sense-making is important not only because the ways in which violence is categorised shape a victim/survivor's ability to access particular forms of recognition and support, but also because it is central in how shattered selves and worlds are remade in the aftermath of violence. Drawing on individual and group interviews conducted with refugees living in Kampala, Uganda, this article charts how framings of ‘torture’ and ‘sexual violence’ become meaningful in participants’ accounts in the (re)formation of themselves as subjects after violent victimisation. We trace how participants navigate the heteronormative societal and legal norms that shape their subjectivity and the effects of the violence they experienced through the deeply gendered and political work that these terms do in their narratives. Our analysis thus highlights and reminds us to pay attention to the political stakes involved in fluid processes of categorising injury.
A comprehensive survey on humanoid robot development
Authors: Saeedvand Saeed , Jafari Masoumeh , Aghdasi Hadi S. , Baltes Jacky 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of a versatile, fully-capable humanoid robot as envisioned in science fiction books is one of the most challenging but interesting issues in the robotic field. Currently, existing humanoid robots are designed with different purposes and applications in mind. In humanoid robot development process, each robot is designed with various characteristics, abilities, and equipment, which influence the general structure, cost, and difficulty of development. Even though humanoid robot development is very popular, a few review papers are focusing on the design and development process of humanoid robots. Motivated by this, we present this review paper to show variations in the requirements, design, and development process and also propose a taxonomy of existing humanoid robots. It aims at demonstrating a general perspective of existing humanoid robots’ characteristics and applications. This paper includes state-of-the-art and successfully reported existing humanoid robot designs along with different robots used in various robot competitions.
Adaptive computational SLAM incorporating strategies of exploration and path planning
Authors: Baltes Jacky , Kung Da-Wei , Wang Wei-Yen , Hsu Chen-Chien 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a well-known and fundamental topic for autonomous robot navigation. Existing solutions include the FastSLAM family-based approaches which are based on Rao–Blackwellized particle filter. The FastSLAM methods slow down greatly when the number of landmarks becomes large. Furthermore, the FastSLAM methods use a fixed number of particles, which may result in either not enough algorithms to find a solution in complex domains or too many particles and hence wasted computation for simple domains. These issues result in reduced performance of the FastSLAM algorithms, especially on embedded devices with limited computational capabilities, such as commonly used on mobile robots. To ease the computational burden, this paper proposes a modified version of FastSLAM called Adaptive Computation SLAM (ACSLAM), where particles are predicted only by odometry readings, and are updated only when an expected measurement has a maximum likelihood. As for the states of landmarks, they are also updated by the maximum likelihood. Furthermore, ACSLAM uses the effective sample size (ESS) to adapt the number of particles for the next generation. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed ACSLAM performed 40% faster than FastSLAM 2.0 and also has higher accuracy.
Therapeutic and preventive properties of honey and its bioactive compounds in cancer: an evidence-based review
Authors: Afrin Sadia , Haneefa Shoja M. , Fernandez-Cabezudo Maria J. , Giampieri Francesca , al-Ramadi Basel K. , Battino Maurizio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite the much improved therapeutic approaches for cancer treatment that have been developed over the past 50 years, cancer remains a major cause of mortality globally. Considerable epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated an association between ingestion of food and nutrients with either an increased risk for cancer or its prevention. There is rising interest in exploring agents derived from natural products for chemoprevention or for therapeutic purposes. Honey is rich in nutritional and non-nutritional bioactive compounds, as well as in natural antioxidants, and its potential beneficial function in human health is becoming more evident. A large number of studies have addressed the anti-cancer effects of different types of honey and their phenolic compounds using in vitro and in vivo cancer models. The reported findings affirm that honey is an agent able to modulate oxidative stress and has anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and anti-metastatic properties. However, despite its reported anti-cancer activities, very few clinical studies have been undertaken. In the present review, we summarise the findings from different experimental approaches, including in vitro cell cultures, preclinical animal models and clinical studies, and provide an overview of the bioactive profile and bioavailability of the most commonly studied honey types, with special emphasis on the chemopreventive and therapeutic properties of honey and its major phenolic compounds in cancer. The implications of these findings as well as the future prospects of utilising honey to fight cancer will be discussed.
Socio-economic and racial prenatal diet quality disparities in a national US sample
Authors: Parker Haley W , Tovar Alison , McCurdy Karen , Vadiveloo Maya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:To examine differences in prenatal diet quality by socio-economic status (SES) and race/ethnicity.Design:A secondary, cross-sectional analysis. Race and SES were self-reported prenatally; SES was categorized into four groups: high-income, middle-income and low-income WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) participant/non-participant. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) measured diet quality, including four moderation and nine adequacy components (higher scores = healthier diet). Generalized linear models adjusted for covariates andpost hoctesting with Tukey adjustment compared AHEI-P scores between groups, using a threshold ofP< 0·05.Setting:Infant Feeding Practices Study II, conducted in a national US convenience cohort.Participants:Women in their third trimester (n1322) with dietary history.Results:Participants were of 28·9 (se5·6) years on average and predominantly non-Hispanic White (84 %); approximately one-third participated in WIC and 17 % were high-income. The mean AHEI-P score was 61·7 (se10·8) of 130 points. High-income women had higher total (62·4 (se1·0)) and moderation component AHEI-P scores than middle-income (60·1 (se0·8),P= 0·02), low-income WIC participants (58·3 (se0·8),P< 0·0001) and non-participants (58·9 (se0·9),P= 0·001). Non-Hispanic Black participants had lower total (57·8 (se1·4)) and adequacy scores than Other races (i.e. neither non-Hispanic Black nor White, 62·1 (se0·9),P= 0·02).Conclusions:Disparities in prenatal diet quality were observed, with non-Hispanic Black women, low-/middle-income and WIC participants having lower diet quality. However, interventions are needed to improve prenatal diet quality broadly among US women.
Early Holocene Temperature Oscillations Exceed Amplitude of Observed and Projected Warming in Svalbard Lakes
Authors: van der Bilt Willem G. M. , D'Andrea William J. , Werner Johannes P. , Bakke Jostein 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArctic climate is uniquely sensitive to ongoing warming. The feedbacks that drive this amplified response remain insufficiently quantified and misrepresented in model scenarios of future warming. Comparison with paleotemperature reconstructions from past warm intervals can help close this gap. The Early Holocene (11.7–8.2 ka BP) is an important target because Arctic temperatures were warmer than today. This study presents centennially resolved summer temperature reconstructions from three Svalbard lakes. We show that Early Holocene temperatures fluctuated between the coldest and warmest extremes of the past 12 ka, exceeding the range of instrumental observations and future projections. Peak warmth occurred ~10 ka BP, with temperatures 7 °C warmer than today due to high radiative forcing and intensified inflow of warm Atlantic waters. Between 9.5 and 8 ka BP, temperatures dropped in response to freshwater fluxes from melting ice. Facing similar mechanisms, our findings may provide insight into the near‐future response of Arctic climate.
Statistical Study on Electron and Ion Temperatures in the Near‐Earth Reconnection and Magnetic Pileup Regions
Authors: Watanabe K. , Keika K. , Hoshino M. , Kitamura N. , Saito Y. , Giles B. L. , Paterson W. R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlasma heating during the magnetic reconnection is not well understood, particularly in terms of adiabaticity, heating rate, and electron‐ion temperature ratio. This study focuses on macroscopic profiles of Ti, Te, and Ti/Te in the near‐Earth magnetotail, using data obtained from Magnetospheric Multiscale. Observation points are categorized into three different regions: low‐beta/high‐beta inflow region, the reconnection sites, and magnetic pileup regions. From low‐beta inflow region to high‐beta inflow region, both Ti and Te increase and electron entropy is constant. Ion entropy, on the other hand, increases across the transition. Inside the reconnection site, Ti and Te increase, and entropies remain constant. From the outflow region to the pileup region, electrons are selectively heated. Electron entropy increases in the transition. This statistical study suggests that nonadiabatic heating occurs around the plasma sheet boundary layer for ions and at the early stage of magnetic field pileup for electrons.
Optical Spectra and Emission Altitudes of Double‐Layer STEVE: A Case Study
Authors: Liang Jun , Donovan E. , Connors M. , Gillies D. , St‐Maurice J. P. , Jackel B. , Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Spanswick E. , Chu X. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report an event study of STEVE on 17 July 2018, with focus on the optical spectra and emission altitudes of STEVE. We find that the STEVE comprises two traces, one at a higher elevation angle and the other at a lower elevation angle. The two traces merge into one when viewed near the zenith. Spectrograph measurements show that both STEVE traces are characterized by enhancements over broadband wavelengths, that is, an airglow continuum, but they differ in their red‐line (630 nm) component: The higher‐elevation STEVE contains substantial red‐line enhancement over background, while the lower‐elevation STEVE does not. Based upon triangulation analyses using multiple optical instruments, we evaluate that the two STEVE traces are likely emitted from distinctly different altitudes: The higher‐elevation STEVE comes from ~250‐km altitude, while the lower‐elevation one is from ≤150‐km altitude. Our results impose implications and constraints on the possible underlying mechanisms of STEVE.
Stochastic, Empirically Informed Model of Landscape Dynamics and Its Application to Deforestation Scenarios
Authors: Nowosad J. , Stepinski T. F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractLand change including deforestation undermines the sustainability of the environment. Using data on 1992–2015 pattern change in over 1.7 million mesoscale landscapes worldwide we developed a stochastic model of long‐term landscape dynamics. The model suggests that observed heterogeneous landscapes are short‐lived stages in a transition between quasi‐stable homogeneous landscapes of different themes. As a case study we used Monte Carlo simulations based on our model to derive a probability distribution for evolutionary scenarios of landscapes that undergo a forest‐to‐agriculture transit, a prevalent element of deforestation. Results of simulations show that most likely and the fastest deforestation scenario is through the sequence of highly aggregated forest/agriculture mosaics with a decreasing share of the forest. Simulations also show that once forest share drops below 50% the remainder of the transit is rapid. This suggests that possible conservation policy is to protect mesoscale tracts of land before the forest share drops below 50%.
A Cautionary Note on the Long‐term Trend in Activity of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation During the Past Decades
Authors: Lyu Mengxia , Jiang Xianan , Wu Zhiwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent studies suggest that frequency of active phases of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific, that is, the MJO Phases 4–6 defined by the real‐time multivariate MJO (RMM) index, has increased in recent winters. A robust positive trend in MJO Phase 4–6 days during 1979–2015 winters is confirmed in this study. Our analyses, however, suggest that this trend could be exaggerated due to the blended low‐frequency variability signals in the RMM. When the winter RMM is reconstructed using anomalous fields after removing their winter mean instead of the previous 120‐day mean as for the original RMM, the robust trend in MJO Phase 4–6 days can no longer be detected. Therefore, cautions need to be exercised when applying the RMM for studies on the low‐frequency variability and climate trend in MJO activity and using the derived MJO variability to interpret associated changes in climate systems.
The relationship between fecal bile acids and microbiome community structure in pediatric Crohn’s disease
Authors: Connors Jessica , Dunn Katherine A , Allott Jennifer , Bandsma Robert , Rashid Mohsin , Otley Anthony R , Bielawski Joseph P , Van Limbergen Johan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGut microbiome community structure is associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) development and response to therapy. Bile acids (BAs) play a central role in modulating intestinal immune responses, and changes in gut bacterial communities can profoundly alter the intestinal BA pool. The liver synthesizes and conjugates primary bile acids (priBAs) that are then deconjugated, epimerized, and dehydroxylated by gut bacteria to produce secondary bile acids (secBAs). We investigated the relationship between the gut microbiome and the fecal BA pool in stool samples obtained from a well-characterized cohort of pediatric CD patients undergoing nutritional therapy to induce disease remission. We found that fecal BA composition was altered in a sub-group of CD patients who did not sustain remission. The microbial community structures associated with priBA and secBA-dominant profiles were distinct. In addition, the fecal BA concentrations were correlated with the abundance of distinct bacterial taxonomic groups. Finally, priBA dominant samples were associated with community-level decreases in enzymes for dehydroxylation but not deconjugation.
Allogeneic transplantation in elderly patients
≥65 years with non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a time-trend
analysis
Authors: Shah Nirav N. , Ahn Kwang Woo , Litovich Carlos , Sureda Anna , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Awan Farrukh T. , Ganguly Siddhartha , Gergis Usama , Inwards David , Karmali Reem , Lazaryan Alexsandr , Lekakis Lazaros , Munshi Pashna , Nathan Sunita , Saad Ayman A. , Solh Melhem , Steinberg Amir , Vij Ravi , Wood William A. , Fenske Timothy S. , Smith Sonali , Hamadani Mehdi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT)
is a curative therapy for relapsed/refractory and high-risk
non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, no large studies have evaluated
allo-HCT utilization in elderly NHL patients (≥65 years). Using the
CIBMTR registry, we report a time-trend analysis of 727 NHL patients
(≥65 years) undergoing the first allo-HCT from 2000 to 2015 in the
United States (US). Study cohorts were divided by time period:
2000–2005 (N = 76) vs. 2006–2010
(N = 238) vs. 2011–2015
(N = 413). Primary outcome
was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included
progression-free survival (PFS), relapse/progression (R/P), and
non-relapse mortality (NRM). Median age at transplant, use of
reduced-intensity conditioning, and graft source remained stable,
while use of unrelated donors increased in the most current era. The
1-year probabilities of NRM from 2000 to 2005 vs. 2006–2010 vs.
2011–2015 were 24% vs. 19% vs. 21%, respectively (p = 0.67). Four-year probability of R/P
was similar among the three cohorts: 48% (2000–2005), 40%
(2006–2010), and 40% (2011–2015) (p = 0.39). The 4-year probabilities of PFS and OS
(2000–2005 vs. 2006–2010 vs. 2011–2015) showed significantly
improved outcomes in more recent time periods: 17% vs. 31% vs. 30%
(p = 0.02) and 21% vs. 42%
vs. 44% (p < 0.001),
respectively. Utilization of allo-HCT increased in elderly NHL
patients in the US since 2000 with improving survival
outcomes.
Orthogonal regulation of DNA nanostructure self-assembly and disassembly using antibodies
Authors: Ranallo Simona , Sorrentino Daniela , Ricci Francesco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHere we report a rational strategy to orthogonally control assembly and disassembly of DNA-based nanostructures using specific IgG antibodies as molecular inputs. We first demonstrate that the binding of a specific antibody to a pair of antigen-conjugated split DNA input-strands induces their co-localization and reconstitution into a functional unit that is able to initiate a toehold strand displacement reaction. The effect is rapid and specific and can be extended to different antibodies with the expedient of changing the recognition elements attached to the two split DNA input-strands. Such an antibody-regulated DNA-based circuit has then been employed to control the assembly and disassembly of DNA tubular structures using specific antibodies as inputs. For example, we demonstrate that we can induce self-assembly and disassembly of two distinct DNA tubular structures by using DNA circuits controlled by two different IgG antibodies (anti-Dig and anti-DNP antibodies) in the same solution in an orthogonal way.
Temperature dependence of spherical electron transfer in a nanosized [Fe14] complex
Authors: Huang Wei , Wu Shuqi , Gu Xiangwei , Li Yao , Okazawa Atsushi , Kojima Norimichi , Hayami Shinya , Baker Michael L. , Bencok Peter , Noguchi Mariko , Miyazaki Yuji , Nakano Motohiro , Nakanishi Takumi , Kanegawa Shinji , Inagaki Yuji , Kawae Tatsuya , Zhuang Gui-Lin , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Wu Dayu , Sato Osamu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe study of transition metal clusters exhibiting fast electron hopping or delocalization remains challenging, because intermetallic communications mediated through bridging ligands are normally weak. Herein, we report the synthesis of a nanosized complex, [Fe(Tp)(CN)3]8[Fe(H2O)(DMSO)]6(abbreviated as [Fe14], Tp−, hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide), which has a fluctuating valence due to two mobiled-electrons in its atomic layer shell. The rate of electron transfer of [Fe14] complex demonstrates the Arrhenius-type temperature dependence in the nanosized spheric surface, wherein high-spin centers are ferromagnetically coupled, producing anS = 14 ground state. The electron-hopping rate at room temperature is faster than the time scale of Mössbauer measurements (<~10−8 s). Partial reduction of N-terminal high spin FeIIIsites and electron mediation ability of CN ligands lead to the observation of both an extensive electron transfer and magnetic coupling properties in a precisely atomic layered shell structure of a nanosized [Fe14] complex.