bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of PM2.5 based on Landsat 8 satellite imagery with ground measurements in Bandung City
Authors: Hernawati R , Darmawan S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to find the correlation of PM2.5 with ground measurements. The calculated of PM2.5 were using the algorithm derived from Landsat imagery in the year of 2019 and the concentration of PM2.5 ground measurements was collected using tools of sensor pocket PM2.5. The Implementation of methodology were include geometric and radiometric correction, calculation for PM2.5 algorithm inlcude AOD from AERONET, calculated LST, and calculated TVDI. The calculated data on PM2.5 were compared with ground measurements of PM2.5 from different locations in Bandung and the result show that a linear correlation of PM2.5 derived from Landsat between ground measurements having coefficient of determination value is 0.65 It means, the data of PM2.5 derived from Landsat 8 imagery between the data of PM2.5 ground measurements indicates a moderate positive correlation with linear regression model y = 0.8023x+3.8578.
Land use change mapping and its impact on storm water runoff using Remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Mumbai, India
Authors: Sansare Darshan A. , Mhaske Sumedh Y. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The rapid increase in urbanization worldwide has induced a change in land use–land cover (LULC) over the years. In Mumbai, India, this has further altered the hydrological processes like infiltration, evapotranspiration, interception and erosion and also caused loss of current drainage capacity and flooding in urban areas. This paper mainly assesses the changes in land-use land-cover types and its impact on storm water discharge from 1973 to 2018 in Mumbai using ArcGIS software. The image was classified into five LULC categories after superimposing in Arch-GIS, such as forest, open land, wetland, water and built-up area. The analysis of LULC pattern for the area under study over a period of 45 years showed that there was 66% rise in the built-up area whereas the Forest, open land and Wetland and water body together had reduced by 21%, 36% and 28%, respectively with respect to overall catchment area of Mumbai. Also, the analysis results gave a rise in peak discharge of storm water by 36% because of the changes in LULC over the given time period. On the whole, the land area affected by water logging has significantly increased over the time. The study therefore indicates that the integration of GIS and remote sensing was an effective way of approach for assessing the process of land-use land-cover change.
Analyzing mangrove forest area changes in coastal zone of Langsa City using landsat imagery
Authors: Suciani A , Rahmadi M T , Islami Z R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mangrove forest is the most well known in Langsa City. Mangrove forest has high productivity and rich of biodiversity. However, the mangrove area has decreased in quantity. It caused by human activities (anthropogenic factors) and natural conditions. Aims of this research are to map the spatial distribution of mangrove forest in Langsa City, analyze the changes occurring mangrove area, and identify the factors that leading to the changes. Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 OLI images are selected to represent data with multi temporal images (1996, 2006, 2016, and 2018). This study used the maximum likelihood classification on multispectral data. The result of the research showed the accuracy of Landsat 8 OLI images in 2018 was 62.50%. Mangrove area changes during three periods of observed data, i.ehas decreased to 419.04 ha in 1996-2006, increase to 459.76 ha in 2006-2016, and decreased 330.57 ha in 2016-2018. These changes were generally caused by anthropogenic factors such as logging, garbage buildup, over function of mangrove to café, bridge and settlement. On the other hand, natural factors did not caused the change. Natural factors value in research location are accepted by mangrove growth requirements, i.e water pH was 7.8, temperature was 34°C, salinity was 33.03, and DO (Dissolved Oxygen) was 5.28.
Above-ground carbon stock estimates of rubber (hevea brasiliensis) using Sentinel 2A imagery: a case study in rubber plantation of PTPN IX Kebun Getas and Kebun Ngobo, Semarang Regency
Authors: Pratama Lalu Deden Yuda , Danoedoro Projo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Carbon stock estimates are very important to support carbon policies at the regional level and sustainable environmental management. Rubber plantation is one of the carbon-absorbing ecosystems, due to its long life and large biomass content. The aim of this study was to estimate the above-ground carbon stock based on Sentinel 2A remotely sensed imagery, through vegetation index approaches. In the initial stage, the image was corrected radiometrically to obtain a bottom of atmosphere (BoA) reflectance values, so that all spectral indices that were run could provide reliable results. The vegetation indices used in this study were RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index), NDVI (Normalised Difference Vegetation Index), ARVI (Atmospheric Resistant Vegetation Index), and SARVI (Soil and Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index). The values generated from those indices were correlated with field data of carbon stock, which was derived from breast height diameter (BHD)-based biomass measurements and allometric equations. Correlation and regression analyses of carbon stock and vegetation indices were then used to interpolate the samples to the entire study area, using exponential, logarithmic, and quadratic equations. The resultant above ground carbon stock maps were then tested for accuracy assessment using field data collected independently. It was found that the ARVI-based estimation model with BoA reflectance radiometric correction, combined with exponential regression equation, showed the best accuracy values of 84.48% (supported by r2 = 0.473). Based on this model, the above-ground carbon stock estimate in Ngobo and Getas Plantation, PTPN IX were 527,072.39 tons in an area of 2,656,615 hectares, or 198.4 tons/hectares.
Rainfall distribution in relation to flooding in upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Hanifa Syifa , Tambunan Mangapul Parlindungan , Marko Kuswantoro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Disasters caused by weather, such as flood, have become more frequent since the late 1990s. Compared to the previous decade, there are more than twice the number of floods in the world. Essentially, flood often occurs in lowland area with compact river systems. Unlike the case that often happened in the area around the Upper Citarum Watershed, floods occur because of the physical characteristics of the basin in the bowl-like form. In addition, rain that occur consecutively for a certain period of time in a day can result a surplus runoff water falling to the surface of the earth. Observation of rainfall has actually been carried out quantitatively since the 19th century. Satellite-based rainfall observation has the main advantage of being quite accurate in spatial and temporal coverage. This research is intended to see the pattern of rainfall distribution in relation to flooding in the Upper Citarum Watershed using remote sensing methods to process satellite images of PERSIANN CCS in obtaining rainfall data in each sub-watershed. Spatial results show six areas of rainfall distribution as of sub-watershed. Meanwhile, temporal results are analyzed with a graph that shows the pattern of hourly rainfall behaviour.
Object detection of aerial image using mask-region convolutional neural network (mask R-CNN)
Authors: Musyarofah  , Schmidt Valentina , Kada Martin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The most fundamental task in remote sensing data processing and analysis is object detection. It plays an important role in classification and very useful for various applications such as forestry, urban planning, agriculture, land use and land cover mapping, etc. However, it has many challenges to find an appropriate method due to many variations in the appearance of the object in image. The object may have occlusion, illumination, viewpoint variation, shadow, etc. Many object detection method has been researched and developed. Recently, the development of various machine learning-based methods for object detection has been increasing. Among of them are methods based on artificial neural network, deep learning and its derivatives. In this research, object detection method of aerial image by using mask-region convolutional neural network (mask-R CNN) is developed. The result shows that this method gives a significant accuracy by increasing the image training and epoch time.
Retention Pond and Pump Station as an Alternative To Flood Management In Bengawan Jero Irrigation Area
Authors: Harimurti Sabdoyono Wiyasa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Water is the source of life to all living organisms. But in a very large volume, water can be problematic to life. One of problems generated by a large volume of water is flood disaster. River, as a water source, is one of natural resources with multifunction to human beings. Some areas in Indonesia have increasing flood intensity as the rainy season comes. Retention pond and pump station is one solution to dealing with flood puddle occurring in area. One of areas experiencing flood routinely annually is Bengawan Jero Irrigation Area (D.I. Bengawan Jero). The design of retention pond and pump station in DI Bengawan Jero was calculated using flood flow rate with repeated period of 10 years. From the result of rainfall data processing with repeated period of 10 years using Nakayasu method, it could be found
Qplanngci of 7.37 m3/s at hour 1. The storage volume needed to deal with flood in the Retention Pond in Bengawan Jero Irrigation area is 3.909 m3, using 2 pumps with capacity of 2.5 m3/s. From hydrograph analysis, it could be concluded that the use of retention pond and pump station can control the peak flow rate by suppressing or cutting the flood peak to occur.
Using Baking Powder as Additional Concrete Material
Authors: Nugroho FK Budi , Sumarni S , Thamrin A G , Roemintoyo  , Isnantyo FD 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Baking Powder is a useful ingredient for developing which basically used in increasing food volume. It is made from alkaline sodium bicarbonate elements, acid salts and corn starch. Baking powder is a chemical compound consisting of NaHCO3 formula. This compound belongs to the salt group and has been used for a long time. The main added ingredients of retarders are divided into several categories according to their chemical composition, including: 1) Lignosulphonic Acid and other salts, ie., Na, Ca or NH4, 2) Hydro-carboxylic acids and their salts. In this study we used baking powder as an added ingredient. This study aims at determining the setting time, compressive strength and the freshness of concrete with variations in the addition baking powder are 0.00%; 0.15%; 0.30%; 0.45% of the weight of cement. This is an experimental research. Test samples for compressive strength in the form of a concrete cylinder. The results showed that maximum value of compressive strength of concrete is in the addition of 0.45% baking powder with an increase in compressive strength of 6.43% of the nominal concrete.
Utility of local quartz powder and silica fume to produce high early strength of self compacting high strength concrete
Authors: Lisantono A , Susanto J B 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Generally concrete needs 7 to 14 days to reach minimum adequate compressive strength. Sometimes it is needed to get high early compressive strength of concrete for some reason. This research conduct an experimental program to make high early strength of self compacting concrete which is using local quartz powder and silica fume. Twenty one cylinder specimens were made and tested to get the compressive strength at age of 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days. While the modulus elasticity of concrete were tested only at the age of 28 days. The cylinder specimen was using standard size of (150 × 300) mm2. The experimental program shows that the average compressive strength of concrete in 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days were 10.00 MPa, 27.16 MPa, 36.41 MPa, 40.93 MPa, 50.36 MPa, and 48.66 MPa, respectively. While the average modulus elasticity of the concrete at the age of 28 days was 18,703.45 MPa.
Effect of Water Content on the Characteristics of Bagasse Ash-Calcium Carbide Residue Stabilized Organic Soil
Authors: Hatmoko J , Handoko L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Research about chemically stabilized organic soil to improve shear strength has been done by many researchers. However, they have never undertaken the research about the the effect of water content on physical and chemical characteristics of stabilized organic soil. A set of experimental program performed in this research were chemical composition of organic soil (OS), calcium carbide residue (CCR), and bagasse ash (BA); also the physical characteristics of OS. The admixture (60% CCR + 40% BA) was added to the soil with proportion 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% with various water content, and the samples were cured in 7, 14, 21, and 36 days-curing time. Then, the experiment of physical properties of the stabilized soil was undertaken. The physical characteristics of the stabilized soil change with respect to the water content, quantity of admixture and the curing times. On the high water content, the changes of the physical properties are more significant compared to that on the lower water content. The unit weight, specific gravity, and the degree of acidity increase whereas void ratio and organic content decrease according to the proportion of the admixtures and curing time.
Constructing hydrotalcite Mg-Al-CÜ3 by utilizing CO32-’ from natural resource
Authors: Mahardiani L , Saputro S , Arinda R , Astuti Y F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This research aims to construct hydrotalcite Mg-Al-CO3 by tuning the pH synthesis and molar ratio. The tuning was carried out by applying different synthesis pH. In addition, utilization of snail shell waste is expected to replace CO3
2- ion that needed for anion component in hydrotalcite production. For this study precipitation and hydrothermal methods were applied for synthesis. The precipitation had been carried out in three steps, namely isolation of ion CO3
2- from snail shell, preparation of Na2CO3 solution using snail shell powder as ion CO3
2- source and synthesizing hydrotalcite, where hydrothermal method was carried out at 150 °C. Confirmation of hydrotalcite obtained was done using SEM and FTIR.
Simple synthesis of rGO (reduced graphene oxide) by thermal reduction of GO (graphene oxide)
Authors: Hidayat R , Wahyuningsih S , Ramelan AH 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The rGO has been synthesized successfully by combination of modified Hummers method and thermal reduction. First, the GO was synthesized by modified Hummers method (chemical exfoliation) of graphite flake. This reaction obtained graphite oxide (GrO) as intermediate material. The materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG/DTA and SEM. The FTIR data shows the functional group of graphite, GrO, GO and rGO, while XRD data shows crystal parameter of them. The TG/DTA was used to study the rGO formation at various of temperature (200, 300 and 400 °C). The rGO had carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl and alkene functional groups and 2 theta peak at around 25° corresponds to [002] plane. The rGO layer by thermal reduction of GO had wrinkle sheets structure from SEM image appearance. In this result, the simple thermal reduction strategy of rGO is possible to control functional group and layer number depends on its application.
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm in the Perspective of Chemical Kinetics (III): Isolation Method Approach
Authors: Patiha  , Firdaus M , Wahyuningsih S , Rahmawati F , Kusumaningsih T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Determination of Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm (FAI) fitting-constant is mostly carried out using different amounts of adsorbent with fixed amount of adsorbates, calculated for 1 g or 1 mgr, and measured at the same contact time. This technique is used together with Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm (LAI). It is considered empirical but, kinetically, it is similar to the Isolation Method (IM). The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for the use of the IM approach in conjunction with LAI based for FAI fitting-constant determination and provide suggestions for data analysis techniques. The study was carried out theoretically, while the validity test was carried out by applying the findings to the literature data which were supplemented by statistical tests. The results show that the present technique is somewhat dubious. The technique is not suitable for every adsorbent-adsorbate pair (violating the basic assumptions of the LAI kinetics aspect) and the non-linear analysis technique give an order-reaction that is not always consistent with the adsorption condition. A new technique has been introduced. This new technique gives a value of b = n (Percentage Difference, PD, is less than 5%).
Phase characterization and electrical properties of fluorhydroxyapatite : influence of molarity variation and microwave irradiation
Authors: Kubro Z S , Dahlan K , Wahyudi S T 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hydroxyapatite is one of the calcium phosphates that is most often used to repair tissue hard as teeth and bones due to its excellent osteoconductive properties and bioactivity, but hydroxyapatite has low chemical stability at high temperatures, high dissolution values in the biological environment and low resistance to damage in acidic environments. The addition of fluorine to hydroxyapatite can make hydroxyapatite have superior mechanical properties because of its higher thermal stability. It also can increase calcium phosphate mineralization and crystallization in the process of forming teeth and bones. This research was carried out by synthesis of fluorhydroxyapatite using microwave irradiation-assisted precipitation method, by varying the molarity ratio and the microwave irradiation used. The XRD results show that samples at high microwave irradiation (100P) both in molarity variations of [P]/[F] 4 and 6, fluorhydroxyapatite has the least impurity intensity and the highest fluorhydroxyapatite intensity among the others. FTIR analysis also shows that all samples have the same group and fluorhydroxyapatite has been formed which is shown in the OH…F functional group at wave number 3539-3544 cm−1. Microwave irradiation and molarity ratio [P]/[F] showed no relationship with conductivity value of fluorhydroxyapatite.
Adsorption of Pb(II) ion using pectin membrane
Authors: Hastuti B , Hadi S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Disposal of heavy metal ion into body waters may result in the disruption of aquatic biota ecosystem, thus needs to be overcome. In this study, a cellulose-based adsorbent membranes was developed as adsorbents of Pb ion. The membrane was prepared by mixing chitosan gel in 2,5% acetic acid solution with pectin gel in water for 3 h. The solution then was printed out into a polypropylene container and dried. The membrane characterization was performed using FTIR for functional groups identification, and XRD and SEM for physical characteristic analysis. The results showed the stability and resistance of the pectin membrane in acidic environment. FTIR data confirmed main functional groups that participated in the adsorption process included carboxyl and hydrogen. The XRD data show that the adsorbent has an amorf phase. Furthermore, a solid structure of the adsorbent was showed by SEM data. Adsorption of pectin membranes to Pb (II) ions reaches a maximum at pH 4, an optimum time of 60 min with an adsorption capacity of 92.68% and 92%, respectively. Furthermore, the pectin membrane in adsorbing Pb (II) ions follows the Freundlich isotherm.
Preparation of Ni/Zeolite as esterification catalyst in biodiesel production based on off-grade crude palm oil
Authors: Mazlan  , Lestari W A , Istiqomah A , Krisdiyanto D , Afrianto A W 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This aim of this research is preparation to prepare catalyst of 0% Ni/Zeolite, 5% Ni/Zeolite, and 10% Ni/Zeolite. Catalyst of Ni/Zeolite was prepared by impregnation method. Biodiesel production was conducted by 2 steps, the first step was esterification using 3 types of catalyst 0% Ni/Zeolite, 5% Ni/Zeolite, and 10% Ni/Zeolite. The second step was trans-esterification using NaOH catalyst. The catalyst were characterized by FTIR to identify functional group and XRD to identify crystallinity. The acidity of catalyst was determined by ammonia adsorption. The catalyst can reduce FFA content in CPO that influence increasing of yield biodiesel production. The formation of biodiesel was confirmed by the GCMS analysis that identified the methyl ester produced. The highest yield of biodiesel production was obtained using 5% Ni/Zeolite catalyst. Based on physical analysis of biodiesel which includes density, acid number, and water content, biodiesel synthesized from palm oil off grade has qualified the Indonesian National Standard for biodiesel.
Synthesis, characterization and biodiesel conversion of monodispersed sulfonated-silica nanoparticles
Authors: Lestari W A , Saputra O A , Pramono E , Chaniago A P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The enhancing need of energy followed by increasing of human population to be main factors in fuels depleting. This motivated researcher over the world to solve and to utilize natural resources as bioenergy for human sustainability in future. Today, there are numerous research related to bioconversion and bioprocessing of natural resources as well as optimizing catalyst in biodiesel conversion. Design of suitable catalyst for biodiesel conversion to be a challenge in this research area. In this paper, we report of preparation, characterization and biodiesel conversion ability of heterogeneous catalyst, so called monodispersion sulfonated-silica nanoparticles (MSN). This nanoparticles was characterized by FTIR, TEM, SEM and SEM-EDAX as well as N2 adsorption-desorption. The result revealed that the catalyst prepared through CTAB templating technique has been successfully synthesized with high monodispersion nano-size. Moreover, its ability in biodiesel conversion up to 13.33% for purity percentage.
Effects of HSQ4 Concentration into dyes of Carica Papaya on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Supriyanto Agus , Ina Pote Fernince , Ramelan A. H. , Nurosyid Fahru , Wahyuningsih Sayekti 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Organic dyes are very important in improving the performance of solar cells, at very low prices and friendly to the environment. DN-F15 transparent green is a squaraine dye with good stability on DSSC or with an alternative name HSQ4. HSQ4 is a synthetic dye that is very expensive, but sensitive to light so that it can improve the performance of solar cells. DSSC uses titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a semiconductor, electrodes are used as substrates for the flow of electric charge. DN-EP01 is a thixotropic terpineol-based screen-printable Pt paste with a viscosity of 4-7 Pa.s at 10s−1. In furnaces around 450°C will produce an even and transparent platinum particle layer which has high catalytic activity. The color of the platinum paste is straw or light yellow. Measurement of absorbance dyes solution using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 400 nm -800 nm. Characterization of I-VDSSC Carica Papaya produced a V
ocvalue of 560 mV, Isc
1.5 x 10−4 A, fill factor 0.47 and efficiency of 0.43%. After doping with HSQ4 the concentration of 1 resulted in a Voc
value of 378 mV, Isc
4.0 x 10−4
A, fill factor 0.49 and efficiency of 0.14%. An increase in efficiency in variation 3 is 0.24% and variation 5 is 0.35%, this shows the effect of HSQ4 concentration on the coloring of papaya leaf extract can improve the performance of DSSC.