bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and predictors of delirium on the intensive care unit after acute myocardial infarction, insight from a retrospective registry
Authors: Jäckel Markus , Zotzmann Viviane , Wengenmayer Tobias , Duerschmied Daniel , Biever Paul M. , Spieler Derek , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Stachon Peter , Bode Christoph , Staudacher Dawid L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the incidence and potential risk factors for delirium after myocardial infarction (MI).BackgroundDelirium is a common complication on intensive care units. Data on incidence and especially on predictors of delirium in patients after acute MI are rare.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all patients hospitalized for MI treated with coronary angiography in an university hospital in 2018 were included and analyzed. Onset of delirium within the first 5 days after MI was attributed to the MI and was defined by a Nursing Delirium screening scale (NuDesc) ≥2. This score is taken as part of daily care in every patient on intensive care unit three times a day by especially trained nurses.ResultsA total of 624 patients with MI (age 68.5 ± 13.2 years, ST‐elevation MI 41.6%, hospital mortality 3.2%) were included in the study. Delirium was detected in 10.9% of all patients. In the subgroup of patients with a stay on the intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 24 hr (n = 229), delirium was detected in 29.7%. Hospital and ICU stay were significantly longer in patients with delirium (p < .001). Delirium was an independent predictor of prolonged ICU‐stay. Independent predictors of delirium were age, dementia, alcohol abuse, cardiac arrest, hypotension, and leucocytosis. Infarct size or presentation with ST‐elevation were not associated with incidence of delirium.ConclusionDevelopment of delirium is frequent after acute MI and prolongs hospitalization. Incidence of delirium is associated with clinical instability, preexisting comorbidity, and age rather than MI type or size.
The prediction of water level based on support vector machine under construction condition of steel sheet pile cofferdam
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Jiang Zijie , Li Fan , Chen Weiming 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAlthough the construction of steel sheet pile cofferdam has good practicability in the process of water conservancy project construction, the construction period of the water project is long due to the large amount of work, and the cofferdam itself is greatly affected by the water level, topography, geological period, and other factors. With the continuation of time and the change of complex hydrogeological environment, it is easy to cause the accumulation of hidden safety hazards in the construction of the project during the construction period, and the unreasonable and untimely risk warning and control have led to some major construction accidents. In this paper, the SVM (Support Vector Machine) medium‐ and short‐term water level prediction model is established. The SVM tool is used to establish a prediction model that takes complex hydrological scenes and weather changes into account comprehensively, so that the medium‐ and short‐term water level can be predicted more accurately, thus achieving dynamic adjustment and better adapting to the actual requirements of steel sheet pile cofferdam construction. The results show that there is a good co‐integration relationship between the prediction factors selected by the medium‐ and short‐term water level prediction model, which proves the rationality of the multivariable predictions selected in this paper. At the same time, in the precipitation concentration period, the relative error of the SVM prediction model is relatively small, and it can achieve dynamic water level prediction with the update of the medium‐ and short‐term weather forecast, which can meet the requirements of engineering construction and accuracy.
Axon growth and synaptic function: A balancing act for axonal regeneration and neuronal circuit formation in CNS trauma and disease
Authors: Kiyoshi Conrad , Tedeschi Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAxons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate inside out due to intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal determinants. During CNS development, axon growth, synapse formation, and function are tightly regulated processes allowing immature neurons to effectively grow an axon, navigate toward target areas, form synaptic contacts and become part of information processing networks that control behavior in adulthood. Not only immature neurons are able to precisely control the expression of a plethora of genes necessary for axon extension and pathfinding, synapse formation and function, but also non‐neuronal cells such as astrocytes and microglia actively participate in sculpting the nervous system through refinement, consolidation, and elimination of synaptic contacts. Recent evidence indicates that a balancing act between axon regeneration and synaptic function may be crucial for rebuilding functional neuronal circuits after CNS trauma and disease in adulthood. Here, we review the role of classical and new intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal determinants in the context of CNS development, injury, and disease. Moreover, we discuss strategies targeting neuronal and non‐neuronal cell behaviors, either alone or in combination, to promote axon regeneration and neuronal circuit formation in adulthood.
Phylogeography and the population genetic structure of flowering cherry Cerasus serrulata (Rosaceae) in subtropical and temperate China
Authors: Yi Xian‐Gui , Chen Jie , Zhu Hong , Li Yong‐Fu , Li Xue‐Xia , Li Meng , Duan Yi‐Fan , Chen Lin , Wang Xian‐Rong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCerasus serrulata (Rosaceae) is an important flowering cherry resource which is valuable for developing new cultivars of flowering cherries. It is broadly distributed and possesses abundant variations. In this study, phylogeographic analysis was conducted to reveal the evolutionary history to better understand the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C. serrulata so as to provide more accurate molecular insights into better conservation and utilization of the germplasm resources. A total of 327 individuals from 18 wild populations were collected. Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments (matK, trnD‐E, and trnS‐G) and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were utilized. The results showed a high genetic diversity at both species level and population level of C. serrulata. High genetic differentiation and the existence of the phylogeographic structure were detected. No significant expansion events were discovered. Two geographic lineages were inferred. One was confined to the Qinling Mountains and the Taihang Mountains. The other was from the Wuling Mountains to the Jiangnan Hilly Regions and then went northeast to the coast of Asia. In addition, some taxonomic treatments of the C. serrulata complex are discussed and reconsidered. Conservation and utilization strategies of wild C. serrulata germplasm resources were recommended.
Cardiac involvement with anti‐mitochondrial antibody‐positive myositis mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Kadosaka Takahide , Tsujinaga Shingo , Iwano Hiroyuki , Kamiya Kiwamu , Nagai Azusa , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Motoi Ko , Omote Kazunori , Nagai Toshiyuki , Yabe Ichiro , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnti‐mitochondrial antibody (AMA)‐positive myositis is an atypical inflammatory myopathy characterized by chronic progressive respiratory muscle weakness, muscular atrophy, and cardiac involvement. Arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis have been reported as cardiac manifestations. Herein, we present the first report of a patient diagnosed with having AMA‐positive myositis with cardiac involvement mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis.
Muscular weakness and muscle wasting in the critically ill
Authors: Schefold Joerg C. , Wollersheim Tobias , Grunow Julius J. , Luedi Markus M. , Z'Graggen Werner J. , Weber‐Carstens Steffen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscular weakness and/or muscle wasting is recognized as a key medical problem in critically ill patients on intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide.Methods and ResultsIntensive care unit‐acquired weakness (ICUAW) results from various diseases leading to critical illness and is observed in about 40% [1080/2686 patients, 95% confidence interval (CI): 38–42%] of mixed (medical–surgical) ICU patients. Muscle strength at ICU discharge is directly associated with mortality 5 years after discharge [hazard ratio 0.946, 95% CI: 0.928–0.968 per point increase in Medical Research Council (MRC) scores, P = 0.001]. ICUAW serves as umbrella term for the subgroups ‘critical illness myopathy’, ‘critical illness polyneuropathy’, and ‘critical illness polyneuromyopathy’, the latter distinguished using electrophysiology and/or biopsy studies. Diagnosing, studying, and developing treatments for ICUAW among the critically ill seems challenging due to the acuity and severity of the underlying heterogeneous diseases. Ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction occurs in up to 80% (n = 32/40) of ICUAW patients after mechanical ventilation and mostly results from distinct muscular pathologies, disuse, underlying critical illness, and/or effects imposed directly by mechanical ventilation. Swallowing disorders/dysphagia likely represent an additional (local) neuromuscular dysfunction/ICUAW sequelae and presents in 10.3% (n = 96/933) of mixed medical–surgical ICU survivors, with 60.4% (n = 58/96) of patients remaining dysphagia positive until hospital discharge. Key independent risk factors for dysphagia following mechanical ventilation are baseline neurological disease [odds ratio (OR) 4.45, 95% CI: 2.74–7.24, P < 0.01], emergency admission (OR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.15–3.59, P < 0.01), days on mechanical ventilation (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06–1.34, P < 0.01), days on renal replacement therapy (OR 1.1, 95% CI: 1–1.23, P = 0.03), and disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score within first 24 h; OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.99–1.07, P < 0.01). Dysphagia positivity independently predicts 28‐day and 90‐day mortality (90‐day univariate hazard ratio: 3.74; 95% CI, 2.01–6.95; P < 0.001) and is associated with a 9.2% excess (all‐cause) mortality rate.ConclusionsNeuromuscular weakness and muscle wasting is observed in many survivors of critical illness. ICUAW, ventilator‐induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, and dysphagia are associated with complicated and prolonged ICU stay, impaired weaning from mechanical ventilation, impeded rehabilitative measures, and a considerable impact on morbidity and mortality is noted. Future research strategies should further explore underlying pathomechanisms and lead to development of causal treatment strategies.
High‐power UHF Doherty amplifier output combiner network optimization by 3‐port sub‐circuit X‐parameters characterization
Authors: Cidronali Alessandro , Collodi Giovanni , Pagnini Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis letter presents the optimization of the output combining network for a high‐power broadband Doherty power amplifier (DPA), based on the adoption of X‐parameters. The technique relies on the large‐signal vector network characterization of the prospective 3‐port DPA subcircuit. The characterization stage was carried out implementing the devices termination by the multisection artificial transmission line technique, thus allowing to terminate the devices with more accurate impedance value across the frequency band. This was validated by the development of the output combiner of a DPA prototype based on a pair of silicon laterally diffused MOSFETs (Si‐LDMOS). It was optimized in the band from 640 to 920 MHz, while the experimental characterization has been compared with a previous similar design. The DPA prototype exhibited a peak power of 54.4 dBm at centre frequency, with a peak drain efficiency (DE) up to 62% and 56% respectively at peak power and at 8‐dB input power back‐off. The data show a significant improvement with respect to the previous implementation of the same device technology and input network. This is due to the accuracy of the X‐parameter model based simulations, which is estimated to be 5.6 E‐3 in terms of normalized mean error.
Wilms tumor
Authors: Pater Luke , Melchior Patrick , Rübe Christian , Cooper Benjamin T. , McAleer Mary Fran , Kalapurakal John A. , Paulino Arnold C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objectives for the treatment of Wilms tumor in both the Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) have focused on improving cure rates and minimizing toxicity by limiting the use of radiation and doxorubicin. Although the timing of surgery is different in COG (upfront surgery) and SIOP (upfront chemotherapy with delayed surgery), both are effective strategies and have the same survival. Fewer patients are treated with radiotherapy in the SIOP trials but with higher doses. The prognostic significance of biological markers such as 1q gain and clinical outcomes with novel radiation techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy will be determined in upcoming clinical trials. A closer collaboration between COG and SIOP could help promote research and improve the clinical outcomes of children with Wilms tumor.
Using a home oxygen weaning protocol and pCO2 to evaluate outcomes for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia discharged on home oxygen
Authors: Dawson Sara K. , D'Andrea Lynn A. , Lau Ryan , Lagatta Joanne M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPredischarge capillary blood gas partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) has been associated with increased adverse events including readmission. This study aimed to determine if predischarge pCO2 or 36‐week pCO2 was associated with increased respiratory readmissions or other pulmonary healthcare utilization in the year after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) discharged with home oxygen, using a standardized outpatient oxygen weaning protocol.MethodsThis was a secondary cohort analysis of infants born <32 weeks gestational age with BPD, referred to our clinic for home oxygen therapy from either from our level IV NICU or local level III NICUs between 2015 and 2017. Infants with major nonrespiratory comorbidities were excluded. Subject information was obtained from electronic health records.ResultsOf 125 infants, 120 had complete 1‐year follow‐up. Twenty‐three percent of infants experienced a respiratory readmission after NICU discharge. There was no significant association between predischarge or 36‐week pCO2 and respiratory readmissions, emergency room visits, new or increased bronchodilators, or diuretics. Higher 36‐week pCO2 was associated with a later corrected age when oxygen was discontinued (<6 months; median, 54 mmHg; interquartile range [IQR], 51–61; 6–11 months; median, 62 mmHg; IQR, 57–65; ≥12 months, median, 66 mmHg; IQR, 58–73; p = .006).ConclusionsNeither predischarge pCO2 nor 36‐week pCO2 was associated with 1‐year respiratory readmissions. However higher pCO2 at 36 weeks was associated with a longer duration of home oxygen. Neonatal illness measures like 36‐week pCO2 may be useful in communicating expectations for home oxygen therapy to families.
Enriching the design of Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: Application of the polygenic hazard score and composite outcome measures
Authors: Banks Sarah J. , Qiu Yuqi , Fan Chun Chieh , Dale Anders M. , Zou Jingjing , Askew Brianna , Feldman Howard H. ,   For the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionSelecting individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and using the most sensitive outcome measures are important aspects of trial design.MethodsWe divided participants from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative at the 50th percentile of the predicted absolute risk of the polygenic hazard score (PHS). Outcome measures were the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Schedule‐Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog), ADNI‐Mem, Clinical Dementia Rating‐Sum of Boxes (CDR SB), and Cognitive Function Composite 2 (CFC2). In addition to modeling, we use a power analysis compare numbers needed with each technique.ResultsData from 188 cognitively normal and 319 mild cognitively impaired (MCI) participants were analyzed. Using the ADAS‐Cog to estimate sample sizes, without stratification over 24 months, would require 930 participants with MCI, while using the CFC2 and restricting participants to those in the upper 50th percentile would require only 284 participants.DiscussionCombining stratification by PHS and selection of a sensitive combined outcome measure in a cohort of patients with MCI can allow trial design that is more efficient, potentially less burdensome on participants, and more cost effective.
A new way of calculating the effective potential for a light radion
Authors: Lizana J.M. , Olechowski M. , Pokorski S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We address again the old problem of calculating the radion effective potential in Randall-Sundrum scenarios, with the Goldberger-Wise stabilization mechanism. Various prescriptions have been used in the literature, most of them based on heuristic derivations and then applied in some approximations. We define rigorously a light radion 4D effective action by using the interpolating field method. For a given choice of the interpolating field, defined as a functional of 5D fields, the radion effective action is uniquely defined by the procedure of integrating out the other fields, with the constrained 5D equations of motion always satisfied with help of the Lagrange multipliers. Thus, for a given choice of the interpolating fields we obtain a precise prescription for calculating the effective potential. Different choices of the interpolating fields give different prescriptions but in most cases very similar effective potentials. We confirm the correctness of one prescription used so far on a more heuristic basis and also find several new, much more economical, ways of calculating the radion effective potential. Our general considerations are illustrated by several numerical examples. It is shown that in some cases the old methods, especially in models with strong back-reaction, give results which are off even by orders of magnitude. Thus, our results are important e.g. for estimation of critical temperature in phase transitions.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Versus Frailty, Measured by the Clinical Frailty Score, in Predicting Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery
Authors: O'Mahony M. , Mohammed K. , Kasivisvanathan R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe primary outcome of this study is to investigate the association between the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables: anaerobic threshold (AT), peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), peak work rate (WR), ventilatory equivalence of CO2 (VE/VCO2) at the anaerobic threshold (AT) with frailty, measured by the clinical frailty scale (CFS) in patients planned to undergo major abdominal cancer surgery. The secondary outcome is to compare the CPET variables (VO2 peak, peak WR, VE/VCO2 at AT) with frailty measured by the CFS in predicting postoperative surgical morbidity in patients following major abdominal cancer surgery.MethodsThis study was a single‐centre prospective cohort analysis of consecutive adult patients undergoing CPET and CFS scoring as part of their pre‐operative work‐up for major abdominal cancer surgery.ResultsA total of n = 317 patients underwent CPET and CFS assessment ahead of planned abdominal oncological surgery. Negative correlations were observed between the CPET variables: AT − 0.42 p < 0.01; VO2 peak − 0.53 p < 0.01; peak WR − 0.54 p < 0.01 with CFS scores and a positive correlation between CFS scores and VE/VCO2 0.29 p < 0.01. Only CFS remained statistically significant in a multivariate model OR 2.11 (1.42–3.15) 95% CI associated with Clavien–Dindo (CD) ≥ 1 defined morbidity including the significant univariate variables (VO2 peak, peak WR and CFS scores). No variables were associated with CD ≥ 3 morbidity.ConclusionsIn patients scheduled to have major abdominal cancer surgery there was a weak association between poor performance on CPET and increasing frailty measured by the CFS. The CFS score unlike CPET was associated with all post‐operative morbidity, but not major complications alone, in these patients. This suggests that CFS may be used as a less expensive alternative to CPET for predicting any postoperative morbidity in major abdominal cancer surgery.
Relations between structural characteristics, forest involvement, and forest knowledge among private forest owners in Sweden
Authors: Eriksson Louise , Fries Clas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn understanding of private forest owners is needed for appropriate forest governance and outreach to forest owners. This study examined different types of objective and subjective knowledge (i.e., actual knowledge and confidence, respectively), including general forest knowledge and knowledge of management for different objectives, among individual private forest owners in Sweden. In addition, the importance of structural variables (e.g., gender, size of forest holding) and forest involvement variables (e.g., certification, involvement in forest planning) for forest knowledge was analysed. The study was conducted by means of a postal questionnaire to a random sample of private forest owners in Sweden (n = 3000, response rate 43%). Structural variables, but particularly involvement variables, were found to be related to subjective and objective knowledge. Being a male owner, owning a larger forest holding, having bought the land, and having owned the forest a long time were associated with higher subjective knowledge, or confidence, in managing the forest. Although being a male owner, for example, was also associated with higher levels of objective knowledge, the correlation diminished when controlling for forest involvement. The study considers the role of learning environments for forest owners and highlights the need to elaborate on the conceptualization and measurement of forest knowledge to understand the links between structural characteristics, forest involvement, and forest knowledge among private forest owners.