bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interviews
Authors: Klug Helga 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungFür die Untersuchung der Forschungsfrage „Inwiefern spiegelt sich die ökonomische Krise mit ihren Folgen in den Repräsentationen des Unbewussten?“ wurde ein qualitativ-empirisches Forschungsdesign gewählt. Im Zeitraum zwischen Jänner und Dezember 2016 habe ich zwölf Interviews geführt, wobei eine Interviewpartnerin ihr Interview nach einem Jahr zurückzog, sodass letztlich elf wörtlich transkribierte Texte in einem Umfang von 303 Seiten für eine Inhaltsanalyse zur Verfügung standen. Die entnommenen Textpassagen wurden im Sinne einer besseren Lesbarkeit im Fließtext von Füllwörtern befreit.
Fracture functions in different kinematic regions and their factorizations
Authors: Chai X. P. , Chen K. B. , Ma J. P. , Tong X. B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFracture functions are parton distributions of an initial hadron in the presence of an almost collinear particle observed in the final state. They are important ingredients in QCD factorization for processes where a particle is produced diffractively. There are different fracture functions for a process in different kinematic regions. We take the production of a lepton pair combined with a diffractively produced particle in hadron collisions to discuss this. Those fracture functions can be factorized further if there are large energy scales involved. We perform one-loop calculations to illustrate the factorization in the case with the diffractively produced particle as a real photon. Evolution equations of different fracture functions are derived from our explicit calculations. They agree with expectations. These equations can be used for resummations of large log terms in perturbative expansions.
Tumor angiogenesis: causes, consequences, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Lugano Roberta , Ramachandran Mohanraj , Dimberg Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTumor vascularization occurs through several distinct biological processes, which not only vary between tumor type and anatomic location, but also occur simultaneously within the same cancer tissue. These processes are orchestrated by a range of secreted factors and signaling pathways and can involve participation of non-endothelial cells, such as progenitors or cancer stem cells. Anti-angiogenic therapies using either antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been approved to treat several types of cancer. However, the benefit of treatment has so far been modest, some patients not responding at all and others acquiring resistance. It is becoming increasingly clear that blocking tumors from accessing the circulation is not an easy task to accomplish. Tumor vessel functionality and gene expression often differ vastly when comparing different cancer subtypes, and vessel phenotype can be markedly heterogeneous within a single tumor. Here, we summarize the current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and discuss challenges and opportunities associated with vascular targeting.
A class of linear quadratic dynamic optimization problems with state dependent constraints
Authors: Singh Rajani , Wiszniewska-Matyszkiel Agnieszka 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we analyse a wide class of discrete time one-dimensional dynamic optimization problems—with strictly concave current payoffs and linear state dependent constraints on the control parameter as well as non-negativity constraint on the state variable and control. This model suits well economic problems like extraction of a renewable resource (e.g. a fishery or forest harvesting). The class of sub-problems considered encompasses a linear quadratic optimal control problem as well as models with maximal carrying capacity of the environment (saturation). This problem is also interesting from theoretical point of view—although it seems simple in its linear quadratic form, calculation of the optimal control is nontrivial because of constraints and the solutions has a complicated form. We consider both the infinite time horizon problem and its finite horizon truncations.
Two-dimensional ultrasound measurements vs. magnetic resonance imaging-derived ventricular volume of preterm infants with germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage
Authors: Beijst Casper , Dudink Jeroen , Wientjes Rens , Benavente-Fernandez Isabel , Groenendaal Floris , Brouwer Margaretha J. , Išgum Ivana , de Jong Hugo W. A. M. , de Vries Linda S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation can be measured accurately by MRI. However, two-dimensional (2-D) cranial US can be used at the bedside on a daily basis.

Objective
To assess whether the ventricular volume can be determined accurately using US.

Materials and methods
We included 31 preterm infants with germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage. Two-dimensional cranial US images were acquired and the ventricular index, anterior horn width and thalamo-occipital distance were measured. In addition, cranial MRI was performed. The ventricular volume on MRI was determined using a previously validated automatic segmentation algorithm. We obtained the correlation and created a linear model between MRI-derived ventricular volume and 2-D cranial US measurements.

Results
The ventricular index, anterior horn width and thalamo-occipital distance as measured on 2-D cranial US were significantly associated with the volume of the ventricles as determined with MRI. A general linear model fitted the data best: ∛ventricular volume (ml) = 1.096 + 0.094 × anterior horn width (mm) + 0.020 × thalamo-occipital distance (mm) with R2 = 0.831.

Conclusion
The volume of the lateral ventricles of infants with germinal matrix intraventricular haemorrhage can be estimated using 2-D cranial US images by application of a model.
The bZIP transcription factor FpAda1 is essential for fungal growth and conidiation in Fusarium pseudograminearum
Authors: Chen Linlin , Ma Yuming , Zhao Jingya , Geng Xuejing , Chen Wenbo , Ding Shengli , Li Haiyang , Li Honglian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum is an important pathogen of Fusarium crown rot and Fusarium head blight, which is able to infect wheat and barley worldwide, causing great economic losses. Transcription factors (TFs) of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein family control important processes in all eukaryotes. In this study, we identified a gene, designated FpAda1, encoding a bZIP TF in F. pseudograminearum. The homolog of FpAda1 is also known to affect hyphal growth in Neurospora crassa. Deletion of FpAda1 in F. pseudograminearum resulted in defects in hyphal growth, mycelial branching and conidia formation. Pathogenicity assays showed that virulence of the Δfpada1 mutant was dramatically decreased on wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves. However, wheat coleoptile inoculation assay showed that Δfpada1 could penetrate and proliferate in wheat cells. Moreover, the FpAda1 was required for abnormal nuclear morphology in conidia and transcription of FpCdc2 and FpCdc42. Taken together, these results indicate that FpAda1 is an important transcription factor involved in growth and development in F. pseudograminearum.
Facetten von „moral distress“ im Pflegeheim
Authors: Kada Olivia , Lesnik Tanja 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungObwohl das Setting Pflegeheim einige Besonderheiten aufweist, die im Hinblick auf die Entstehung von „moral distress“ (MD) bedeutsam sind, wurde MD bislang primär im Akutbereich untersucht. Die dabei zugrunde liegende klassische Definition von MD wird zunehmend kritisiert und die Erweiterung um Stress durch moralische Unsicherheit gefordert. In der vorliegenden qualitativen Studie wurde daher explorieret, in welcher Form MD von Pflegekräften in Pflegeheimen erlebt wird.Es wurden Leitfadeninterviews mit 21 Pflegekräften aus 5 Pflegeheimen geführt. Die vollständig transkribierten Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet, unter Anwendung deduktiver (skalierende und inhaltliche Strukturierung) und induktiver Techniken.Ein skalierender Analyseschritt ergab, dass MD zumeist in mäßiger Ausprägung erlebt wurde. Die Befragten schilderten Situationen, in denen sie moralischen Stress erlebten, da sie durch Barrieren am moralisch korrekten Handeln gehindert worden waren. Diese Situationen ließen sich induktiv in die Kategorien „unnötige/falsche Therapie am Lebensende“, „falscher Umgang mit herausforderndem Verhalten“, „schlechte Pflege allgemein“ und „unnötige Krankenhaustransporte“ zusammenfassen. Entscheidungen durch Angehörige und Ärzte zählten zu den meist genannten externen Barrieren; mangelnde Courage war die meist genannte interne Barriere. Die Befragten schilderten jedoch auch Stressreaktionen der Kategorie „moralische Unsicherheit“, insbesondere in der „end of life care“ und bei Krankenhaustransportentscheidungen, v. a., wenn der Wille des Bewohners nicht bekannt war, oder aufgrund mangelnder ärztlicher Erreichbarkeit.Die Befunde unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit einer breiten Konzeption von MD auf theoretischer und Interventionsebene.
Structural and functional conservation of non-lumenized lymphatic endothelial cells in the mammalian leptomeninges
Authors: Shibata-Germanos Shannon , Goodman James R. , Grieg Alan , Trivedi Chintan A. , Benson Bridget C. , Foti Sandrine C. , Faro Ana , Castellan Raphael F. P. , Correra Rosa Maria , Barber Melissa , Ruhrberg Christiana , Weller Roy O. , Lashley Tammaryn , Iliff Jeffrey J. , Hawkins Thomas A. , Rihel Jason 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe vertebrate CNS is surrounded by the meninges, a protective barrier comprised of the outer dura mater and the inner leptomeninges, which includes the arachnoid and pial layers. While the dura mater contains lymphatic vessels, no conventional lymphatics have been found within the brain or leptomeninges. However, non-lumenized cells called Brain/Mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells or Fluorescent Granule Perithelial cells (muLECs/BLECs/FGPs) that share a developmental program and gene expression with peripheral lymphatic vessels have been described in the meninges of zebrafish. Here we identify a structurally and functionally similar cell type in the mammalian leptomeninges that we name Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LLEC). As in zebrafish, LLECs express multiple lymphatic markers, containing very large, spherical inclusions, and develop independently from the meningeal macrophage lineage. Mouse LLECs also internalize macromolecules from the cerebrospinal fluid, including Amyloid-β, the toxic driver of Alzheimer’s disease progression. Finally, we identify morphologically similar cells co-expressing LLEC markers in human post-mortem leptomeninges. Given that LLECs share molecular, morphological, and functional characteristics with both lymphatics and macrophages, we propose they represent a novel, evolutionary conserved cell type with potential roles in homeostasis and immune organization of the meninges.
Treatment of opioid withdrawal in neonates with morphine, phenobarbital, or chlorpromazine: a randomized double-blind trial
Authors:   On behalf of the Swiss neonatal abstinence syndrome study group, Zimmermann Urs , Rudin Christoph , Duò Angelo , Held Leonhard , Bucher Hans Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Three suitable compounds (morphine, chlorpromazine, and phenobarbital) to treat neonatal abstinence syndrome were compared in a prospective multicenter, double-blind trial. Neonates exposed to opioids in utero were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups. When a predefined threshold of a modified Finnegan score was reached, treatment started and increased stepwise until symptoms were controlled. If symptoms could not be controlled with the predefined maximal dose of a single drug, a second drug was added. Among 143 infants recruited, 120 needed pharmacological treatment. Median length of treatment for morphine was 22 days (95% CI 18 to 33), for chlorpromazine 25 days (95% CI 21 to 34), and for phenobarbital 32 days (95% CI 27 to 38) (p = ns). In the morphine group, only 3% of infants (1/33) needed a second drug; in the chlorpromazine group, this proportion was 56% (24/43), and in the phenobarbital group 30% (13/44).
Conclusion: None of the drugs tested for treating neonatal abstinence syndrome resulted in a significantly shorter treatment length than the others. As morphine alone was able to control symptoms in almost all infants, it may be preferred to the two other drugs but should still be tested against more potent opioids such as buprenorphine.
Trial registration: At ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02810782 (registered retrospectively).What is Known:• Neonates exposed to opiates in utero and presenting with withdrawal symptoms should first be treated by non-pharmacological supportive measures.• In those who fail, drugs have to be given, but there is controversy which drug is best.What is New:• Among three candidates, morphine, chlorpromazine and phenobarbital, none resulted in significantly shorter treatment time.• As morphine alone was able to control symptoms in almost all infants, it may be preferred to the two other drugs.
The clinical significance of long non-coding RNA ANRIL level in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Chen ShuZe , Zhong HuiMin , Wang Yan , Wang ZiHong , Liang XiaoQian , Li SiQi , Li ZhenHao , Yu ZhengTong , Li LiYing , Yi GuoGuo , Fu Min 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim
To analyse the expression of lncRNA-ANRIL and other related factors in different human body fluids, explore the clinical significance of ANRIL and validate whether ANRIL is interrelated with the renin–angiotensin system and NF-κB signalling pathway.

Methods
Ninety-one patients were included in this cross-sectional study and were divided into the NDM group (20 patients), DM group (25 patients), NPDR group (21 patients) and PDR group (25 patients). Basic information and samples of serum, aqueous fluid and vitreous fluid were collected before vitrectomy or intravitreal injection. The transcription and levels of ANRIL and other related factors were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software was used for statistical analysis.

Results
ANRIL expression varied among different groups and body fluids. There was no difference in ANRIL expression between the NDM and DM groups, but the level of ANRIL was significantly lower in the DM group than in the NPDR and PDR group. In vitreous fluid, ANRIL expression was positively correlated with Ang II, p65 and VEGF expression in the PDR group. The expression of ANRIL in serum was not significantly correlated with age or the random blood sugar but was positively correlated with diabetic duration and HbAc1 level.

Conclusions
Levels of lncRNA-ANRIL are higher in DR patient and correlated with the progression of DR that may be used as an indicator to predict the development of DR. The activation of the RAS and the NF-κB pathway may be closely related to the upregulation of ANRIL.
Clinical trial number ChiCTR1800017500. Registry Chinese Clinical Trial Registry.
Decisions on pricing, capacity investment, and introduction timing of new product generations in a durable-good monopoly
Authors: Hartl Richard F. , Kort Peter M. , Seidl Andrea 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to analyze how firms that sell durable goods should optimally combine continuous-time operational level planning with discrete decision making. In particular, a firm has to continuously adapt its capacity investments and sales strategy, but only at certain times it will introduce a new version of the durable good to the market. The launch of a new generation of the product attracts new customers. However, in order to be able to produce the new version, production facilities need to be adapted leading to a decrease of available production capacities. We find that the price of a given generation of a product decreases over time. A firm should increase its production capacity most upon introduction of a new product. The stock of potential consumers is largest then so that the market is most profitable. The extent to which existing capacity can still be used in the production process for the next generation has a non-monotonic effect on the time when a new version of the product is introduced as well as on the capital stock level at that time.
Declined Total Fertility Rate Among Immigrants and the Role of Newly Arrived Women in Norway
Authors: Tønnessen Marianne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn many Western countries, the total fertility rate (TFR) of immigrant women has declined over the last decades. This paper proposes two methods for investigating such changes in the aggregate immigrant fertility level: what-if scenarios and a formal decomposition. Both methods disentangle the effect of changed composition—by origin area and duration of stay—from the effect of changed fertility within subgroups. The methods are applied to data from Norway, where immigrant TFR declined from 2.6 births per women in 2000 to below 2.0 in 2017. The results show that this decline is not due to successful integration, nor changed composition of immigrant women by origin area or duration of stay. A main reason for the decline is found among newly arrived immigrant women, particularly from Asia. They have a considerably lower fertility now than what the newly arrived had 15–20 years ago. After investigating several possible reasons for the TFR decline among the newly arrived, decreased fertility in origin areas is suggested as a key driver.
Nakedly singular counterpart of Schwarzschild’s incompressible star. A barotropic continuity condition in the center
Authors: Bratek Łukasz , Jałocha Joanna , Woszczyna Andrzej 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A static sphere of incompressible fluid with uniform proper energy density is considered as an example of exact star-like solution with weakened central regularity conditions characteristic of a nakedly singular spherical vaccuum solution. The solution is a singular counterpart of the Schwarzschild’s interior solution. The initial condition in the center for general barotropic equations of state is established.
The Embodied Self and the Paradox of Subjectivity
Authors: Durt Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile it seems obvious that the embodied self is both a subject of experience and an object in the world, it is not clear how, or even whether, both of these senses of self can refer to thesameself. According to Husserl, the relation between these two senses of self is beset by the “paradox of human subjectivity.” Following Husserl’s lead, scholars have attempted to resolve the paradox of subjectivity. This paper categorizes the different formulations of the paradox according to the dimension each pertains to and considers the prospects of each proposed resolution. It will be shown that, contrary to the claims of the respective authors, their attempted resolutions do not really resolve the paradox, but instead rephrase it or push it to the next dimension. This suggests that there is something deeper at work than a mere misunderstanding. This paper does not aim to resolve the paradox but instead initiates a new approach to it. Instead of seeing the paradox as a misapprehension that needs to be removed, I dig deeper to reveal its roots in ordinary consciousness. Investigating the proposed resolutions will reveal the fundamental role of the natural attitude, and I will argue that already the general thesis of the natural attitude makes the decisive cut that leads to what Sartre calls a “fissure” in pre-reflective self-awareness. The phenomenological reduction deepens the cut into what Husserl calls the “split of the self,” which in turn engenders the paradox of subjectivity. The paradox’s roots in the structure of ordinary consciousness not only constitute a reason for its persistence, but also suggest a new way to further investigate the embodied self.
Vapor Pressures, Densities, and PC-SAFT Parameters for 11 Bio-compounds
Authors: Baird Zachariah Steven , Uusi-Kyyny Petri , Pokki Juha-Pekka , Pedegert Emilie , Alopaeus Ville 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne major sustainable development goal is to produce chemicals and fuels from renewable resources, such as biomass, rather than from fossil fuels. A key part of this development is data on the properties of chemicals that appear in this bio-based supply chain. Many of the chemicals have yet to be studied thoroughly, and data on their properties is lacking. Here, we present new experimental data on the properties of 11 bio-compounds, along with PC-SAFT parameters for modeling their properties. The measured data includes vapor pressures, compressed densities, and refractive indexes. The 11 bio-compounds are tetrahydrofuran, 2-pentanone, furfural, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 2-methylfuran, dihydrolevoglucosenone, cyclopentyl methyl ether, 2-sec-butylphenol, levoglucosenone, γ-valerolactone, and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol.
Counterterrorism Policies and Attitudes Towards Out-Groups: Evidence from a Survey Experiment on Citizens’ Attitudes Towards Wiretapping
Authors: Christensen Dag Arne , Aars Jacob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTerrorism often leads to increased stigmatization of groups perceived as “out-groups”. We test two versions of out-group theory and ask whether citizens clearly distinguish between radical Muslims and Muslims in general, or if the fear of terrorism is associated with a general distrust of Muslims? We conducted a survey experiment among Norwegian citizens designed to determine the effect of group treatments on the participants’ attitudes towards wiretapping. We find that our group treatments strongly influence the participants’ attitudes towards wiretapping. However, the hypothesis that the fear of terrorism leads to a backlash against Muslims in general is rejected. Still, Norwegians are prepared to give the police leeway towards the two groups identified by the police as the greatest security risks, i.e., radical Muslim and extreme right-wing groups. Our evidence suggests that citizens are capable of discriminating between groups who aim explicitly at undermining democracy and groups perceived as different from themselves.
Joint Optimization of Conceptual Rainfall-Runoff Model Parameters and Weights Attributed to Meteorological Stations
Authors: Piotrowski Adam P. , Osuch Marzena , Napiorkowski Jarosław J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConceptual lumped rainfall-runoff models are frequently used for various environmental problems. To put them into practice, both the model calibration method and data series of the area-averaged precipitation and air temperature are needed. In the case when data from more than one measurement station are available, first the catchment-averaged meteorological data series are usually obtained by some method, and then they are used for calibration of a lumped rainfall-runoff model. However, various optimization methods could easily be applied to simultaneously calibrate both the aggregation weights attributed to various meteorological stations to obtain a lumped meteorological data series and the rainfall-runoff model parameters. This increases the problem dimensionality but allows the optimization procedure to choose the data that are most important for the rainfall-runoff process in a particular catchment, without a priori assumptions. We test the idea using two conceptual models, HBV and GR4J, and three mutually different, relatively recently proposed Evolutionary Computation and Swarm Intelligence optimization algorithms, that are applied to three catchments located in Poland and northwestern USA. We consider two cases: with and without the model error correction applied to the rainfall-runoff models. It is shown that for the calibration period, joint optimization of the weights used to aggregate the meteorological data and the parameters of the rainfall-runoff model improves the results. However, the results for the validation period are inconclusive and depend on the model, error correction, optimization algorithm, and catchment.