bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life expectancy improvement for multiple cure distributions
Authors: Naik Shanoja , Adamic Peter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn many circumstances, the increase in life expectancy when certain causes of death are eliminated is sought. These calculations are typically based on the assumption that the causes in question are simply omitted, which is equivalent to the causes being taken out of consideration, from the outset, with certainty. In this paper, we propose models whereby probability distributions for the cures of specific causes of death over time can be incorporated so as to more accurately predict the increase in life expectancy that would ensue. The theoretical results are applied to a real data set involving Diabetes and HIV-related deaths from Denver, Colorado, United States of America, between the years 1990 and 2015 inclusive.
SUBORDINATION, SEPARATION, AND AUTONOMY: CHINESE PROTESTANT APPROACHES TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELIGION AND STATE
Authors: Lai Pan-Chiu 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIn the history of the religion-state relationship in China, a model of subordination of religion to the state has been dominant for centuries. In recent years, some Chinese Protestant churches have advocated the model of separation of church and state. Through a historical and theological analysis, this study argues that in order to relieve the tensions between Chinese Protestantism and the contemporary Chinese government, a better conceptual alternative is to reconsider the issue in terms of autonomy rather than separation or subordination, and to argue for legally allowing the coexistence of both official and nonofficial churches and grant different degrees of autonomy to each.
Reward sensitivity, affective neuroscience personality, symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, andTPH2-703G/T (rs4570625) genotype
Authors: Pulver Aleksander , Kiive Evelyn , Harro Jaanus 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:Reward sensitivity is an increasingly used construct in psychiatry, yet its possible inner structure and relationship with other affective variables are not well known.Methods:A reward sensitivity measurement scale was constructed on the basis of large item pool collected from birth cohort representative samples (the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study; originaln= 1238). Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were administered in young adulthood. A variant (rs4570625) of the gene encoding tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) that is responsible for the synthesis of central serotonin was genotyped.Results:Reward sensitivity consisted of two orthogonal components, operationally defined as Openness to Rewards and Insatiability by Reward, that respectively characterise the striving towards multiple rewards and the strong pursuit and fixation to a particular reward. While SEEKING and PLAY (and to lower extent CARE) of the ANPS co-varied with Openness to Rewards, FEAR, SADNESS, and ANGER were related to Insatiability by Reward. The total score of ASRS was moderately correlated with Insatiability by Reward, while the association with Openness to Rewards was negligible. However, ASRS Inattention had some negative relationship with the Social Experience facet of Openness to Rewards. The T/T homozygotes for theTPH2promoter polymorphism had lower Insatiability by Reward but not Openness to Rewards.Conclusions:Behaviours sensitive to rewards are separable to the components of variability and fixation, and these components are differentially related to affective aspects of personality, attention, and hyperactivity as well as toTPH2genotype.
Ammianus, Magnus Maximus and the Gothic Uprising
Authors: Wijnendaele Jeroen W.P. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIt has been asserted that the usurper Magnus Maximus can be identified with the commander Maximus who served during the Gothic uprising of 376–77. This assertion is tempting because it connects imperial events in Africa, the Balkans and Britain during a pivotal period. However, this note aims to dispel this identification. It does so by both examining the socio-institutional ramifications of promotion in the imperial chain of command and cross-examining literary traditions previously overlooked in this identification.
Une échelle d'auto-évaluation de la dépression et des troubles psychiatriques dans un service de médecine
Authors: Chazot L. , Pellet J. , Lang F. , Berlier J.M. , Joubert J.P. , Estour B. , Rousset H. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméLes auteurs ont étudié la possibilité de dépister les troublés psychiatriques rencontrés dans un service de médecine par auto-évaluation.Ils ont comparé les resultats d'une auto-évaluation utilisant la BFS et la HSCL 90 à ceux d'une hétéro-évaluation utilisant une échelle d'anxiété (Covi), une échelle de dépression (MADRS), une échelle de ralentissement dépressif (ERD) et les criteres du DSM III afin de détecter les faux-positifs et les faux-négatifs. La recherche a eu lieu pendant 6 mois dans une unité de soins, pendant 2 mois dans une autre. Les investigateurs ont été préalablement entrainés sur cassette vidéo. 635 patients ont été hospitalisés, 179 exclus d'après des critères fixés à l'avance. 229 ont été tirés au sort sur les 456 dossiers restant. 206 dossiers ont été retenus. 75 patients présentent des troubles psychiatriques avec 56 troubles depressifs (22 depressions majeures, 19 troubles dysthymiques, 9 troubles atypiques, 6 rémissions), 6 troubles anxieux, 10 troubles de l'adaptation, 3 troubles divers, aucun trouble psychotique. Les sujets anxieux et déprimés diffèrent de façon cohérente des normaux pour les variables continues (tableau I). Les cotateurs évaluent identiquement les patients sauf pour l'anxiété. Le tableau II montre l'existence de 13 faux négatifs (17.3 %), de 14 faux positifs et de 30 désaccords portant sur l'anxiété. Ces désaccords sont répartis entre les cotateurs sans différences significatives. Les faux negatifs sont essentiellement des troubles dysthymiques et atypiques, accessoirement des dépressions majeures (tableau III). Ces résultats démontrent l'intérêt d'un dépistage par auto-évaluation d'autant qu'une récente étude comparable rapporte 2/3 de troubles psychiatriques non diagnostiqués par les généralistes.
Les rythmes circadiens dans la dépression
Authors: Darcourt G. , Souetre E. , Pringuey D. , Salvati E. , Robert P. , Belugou J.L. 
Published: April 2020

RésuméLes auteurs font une présentation générale des connaissances sur les troubles des rythmes circadiens dans la dépression et en proposent une synthèse. Ils soulignent d’abord les difficultés méthodologiques de ces éludes: difficultés liées à la nécessité du recueil d’un nombre considérable de données et difficultés pour analyser ces données et vérifier que les différences observées correspondent bien é des cycles circadiens.Ils envisagent ensuite les troubles des phases, des taux moyens et des amplitudes. Les phases des cycles circadiens ont été beaucoup étudiées surtout après la proposition du concept d’avance de phase comme caractéristique propre de la dépression, qui avait été faite par Wehr en 1980. II semble actuellement que, plus qu’une avance de phase, ce qui caractérise la dépression c’est une désorganisation des phases. Les taux moyens sont souvent modifiés. Parlois diminués (mélatonine), parfois augmentés (cortisol). Les amplitudes des oscillations sont le plus souvent diminuées. Cette constatation, plus récente que les précédentes, semble être de première importance. Moins un rythme est ample, moins il est stable. Il est possible que désynchronisation et diminution d’amplitude soient deux manifestations d’une «faiblesse» des rythmes circadiens qui serait leur caractère principal dans la dépression.Ces anomalies n’existent pas que dans la dépression, mais c’est dans son cas qu’elles sont le plus manifestes. En général, elles disparaissent en période de rémission clinique. Pour expliquer ces perturbations, il semble qu’il faille envisager à la fois un trouble de la sensibilité aux synchroniseurs externes et un trouble des systèmes de contrôle interne des rythmes.
Combined hybrid pulmonary valve placement and atrial septal defect closure: case report and literature review
Authors: Abu-Anza Omar , Carr Kaitlin , Aldoss Osamah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report a case of a 15-year-old female who underwent combined hybrid pulmonary valve replacement and transcatheter atrial septal defect device closure, which was performed due to severe volume overload of the right side of the heart secondary to pulmonary regurgitation and atrial septal defect.
Common Domains of Core Competencies for Hospital Health Care Providers in Armed Conflict Zones: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Mani Zakaria A. , Kuhn Lisa , Plummer Virginia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction:High rates of mortality and morbidity result from disasters of all types, including armed conflicts. Overwhelming numbers of casualties with a myriad of illnesses and patterns of injuries are common in armed conflicts, leading to unpredictable workloads for hospital health care providers (HCPs). Identifying domains of hospital HCPs’ core competency for armed conflicts is essential to inform standards of care, educational requirements, and to facilitate the translation of knowledge into safe and quality care.Objective:The objective of this study is to identify the common domains of core competencies among HCPs working in hospitals in armed conflict areas.Methods:A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute framework. The review considered primary research and peer-reviewed literature from the following databases: Ovid Medline, Ovid EmCare, Embase, and CINAHL, as well as the reference lists of articles identified for full-text review. Eligibility criteria were outlined a priori to guide the literature selection.Results:Four articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in different countries and were published from 2011 through 2017. The methods included three surveys and one Delphi study.Conclusion:This review maps the scope of knowledge, skills, and attitudes required by HCPs who are practicing in hospitals in areas of major armed conflict. Incorporation of identified core competency domains can improve the future planning, education, and training, and may enhance the HCPs’ response in armed conflicts.
Suicidality and self-injurious behavior among adolescent social media users at psychiatric hospitalization
Authors: Shafi Reem M.A. , Nakonezny Paul A. , Romanowicz Magdalena , Nandakumar Aiswarya L. , Suarez Laura , Croarkin Paul E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current study sought to examine the relationship between documented social media use and suicidality and self-injurious behaviors in adolescents at the time of psychiatric hospitalization.MethodsWe retrospectively identified adolescents (aged 12-17 years) hospitalized on an inpatient psychiatric unit during 1 year. Abstracted information included documented social media use, demographic variables, documented self-injurious behaviors, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Suicide Status Form-II. Logistic regression was implemented to examine the effect of social media use on the risk of self-injurious behaviors and suicidality.ResultsFifty-six adolescents who used social media were identified and matched with 56 non-social media users. Those with reported social media use had significantly greater odds of self-injurious behaviors at admission (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% confidence intervals, 1.17-5.71;P = .02) vs youth without reported social media use. Adolescents with reported social media use also had greater odds of increased suicidal ideation and suicide risk than those with no reported use, but these relationships were not statistically significant.ConclusionsSocial media use in adolescents with a psychiatric admission may be associated with the risk of self-injurious behaviors and could be a marker of impulsivity. Further work should guide the assessment of social media use as part of a routine adolescent psychiatric history.
Socio-demographic characteristics, diet and health among food insecure UK adults: cross-sectional analysis of the International Food Policy Study
Authors: Yau Amy , White Martin , Hammond David , White Christine , Adams Jean 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To estimate food insecurity (FI) prevalence among UK adults and investigate associations with socio-demographic characteristics, diet and health.Design:Weighted cross-sectional survey data. FI was measured using the USDA Adult Food Security Survey Module. Data were analysed using adjusted logistic regression models.Setting:United Kingdom.Participants:2551 participants (aged 18–64 years); sub-sample (n 1949) used to investigate association between FI and overweight.Results:FI prevalence was 24·3 %. Higher odds of FI were observed among participants who reported that making ends meet was difficult v. easy (OR 19·76, 95 % CI 13·78, 28·34), were full-time students v. non-students (OR 3·23, 95 % CI 2·01, 5·18), had low v. high education (OR 2·30, 95 % CI 1·66, 3·17), were male v. female (OR 1·36, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·83) and reported their ethnicity as mixed (OR 2·32, 95 % CI 1·02, 5·27) and white other (OR 2·04, 95 % CI 1·04, 3·99) v. white British. Odds of FI were higher in participants living with children v. alone, especially in single-parent households (OR 2·10, 95 % CI 1·19, 3·70). Odds of FI decreased per year of increase in age (OR 0·95, 95 % CI 0·94, 0·96) and were lower in participants not looking for work v. full-time employed (OR 0·60, 95 % CI 0·42, 0·87). Food insecure v. food secure adults had lower odds of consuming fruits (OR 0·59, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·74) and vegetables (OR 0·68, 95 % CI 0·54, 0·86) above the median frequency, and higher odds for fruit juice (OR 1·39, 95 % CI 1·10, 1·75). Food insecure v. food secure adults had higher odds of reporting unhealthy diets (OR 1·65, 95 % CI 1·31, 2·10), poor general health, (OR 1·90, 95 % CI 1·50, 2·41), poor mental health (OR 2·10, 95 % CI 1·64, 2·69), high stress (OR 3·15, 95 % CI 2·42, 4·11) and overweight (OR 1·32, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·75).Conclusions:FI prevalence was high and varied by socio-demographic characteristics. FI was associated with poorer diet and health.
GaN digital microwave outphasing PA
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas , Wentzel Andreas , Flisgen Thomas , Hühn Florian , Heinrich Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel GaN-based digital outphasing power amplifier (PA) for the 800 MHz range. The PA reaches a maximum output power of 5.8 W at 30 V final-stage (FS) drain supply voltage. A novel output combiner circuit is used and efficiency is improved by resonant commutation of the FSs and optimized driver circuits for the two GaN push-pull FSs. 3D electromagnetic simulation of output network has been conducted to extract an equivalent circuit model and to access full information in terms of functionality and broadband impedance characteristics for optimized outphasing operation in the final design. Measured total efficiencies (ηtot) of 59 and 25% at 0 and 10 dB power back-off are achieved, respectively, fitting the simulation quite well. The proposed digital outphasing module is a promising candidate for fully digitized base-station architectures in future wireless communications.
Big Data in der Radikalisierungsforschung
Authors: Batzdorfer Veronika , Steinmetz Holger , Bosnjak Michael 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Erforschung extremistischer Radikalisierung hat durch digitale Verhaltensspurdaten, wie z. B. Social-Media-Posts oder öffentlich zugänglichen Medien, einen neuen Auftrieb erfahren. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass Big Data als „epistemologische Revolution“ angesehen wird, liefert die vorliegende systematische Literaturübersicht einen Überblick darüber, (i) welche Ziele, Datenquellen und Methoden im Rahmen von Spurdatenstudien in der Radikalisierungsforschung gewählt werden, illustriert exemplarisch einige Ergebnisse dieser Studien und (ii) analysiert welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu traditionellen Studien wie Fragebogen- oder Experimentalstudien bestehen. Grundlage für den Überblick liefern 63 Studien, von denen allerdings nur eine geringe Anzahl (k = 18) digitale Verhaltensspurdaten nutzten, während der Großteil aus traditionellen Zugängen (k = 52) besteht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Spurdatenstudien größtenteils darauf abzielten, Personen mit radikalen Einstellungen zu identifizieren und die Entwicklung radikaler Ansichten vorherzusagen. Insgesamt eröffnen sich durch Verhaltensspurdaten bisher ungenutzte Potentiale für die Analyse von Persönlichkeitsprofilen und die Untersuchung dynamischer sozialer Interaktionen derjenigen, die anfällig für extremistische Rekrutierung sind.Eine englische Übersetzung als Rohfassung dieses Artikels finden Sie als Elektronisches Supplement 1.
Climatological‐Scale Analysis of Intensive and Semi‐intensive Aerosol Parameters Derived From AERONET Retrievals Over the Arctic
Authors: AboEl‐Fetouh Y. , O'Neill N. T. , Ranjbar K. , Hesaraki S. , Abboud I. , Sobolewski P. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the climatological‐scale, monthly binned, seasonal variation of AERONET/Dubovik retrievals across six stations in the North American and European Arctic (multiyear sampling periods ranging from 8 to 17 years). A robust, spring‐to‐summer (StoS) increase in the radius of the peak of the fine mode (FM) component of the particle size distribution (PSD) was observed for five of the six stations. The FM aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the FM effective radius at the individual stations showed, respectively, a negligible to moderate StoS decrease and a significant increase. This was interpreted as a trade‐off between the waning influence of smaller FM Arctic haze aerosols and the increasing influence of large FM smoke particles. A springtime, pan‐Arctic PSD peak in the 1.3 μm coarse mode (CM) bin was attributed to Asian dust. It was suggested that the increase in amplitude of a second (4–7 μm) CM peak from July to August at the low‐elevation coastal sites was influenced by wind‐induced sea salt. The CM AOD went through a StoS decrease attributed to the decreasing amplitude of the 1.3 μm peak. A significant StoS CM effective radius increase was ascribed to the decreasing influence of the 1.3 μm peak. StoS FM fraction increases were largely due to the decrease of the CM AOD (decreasing influence of springtime Asian dust). This extensive and intensive climatology of remotely sensed, bimodal properties will, we believe, provide an important reference for future measurements and modeling of Arctic aerosols.
Groundwater Buffers Drought Effects and Climate Variability in Urban Reserves
Authors: Marchionni V. , Daly E. , Manoli G. , Tapper N. J. , Walker J. P. , Fatichi S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGroundwater can have a critical role in sustaining the functioning of natural ecosystems during droughts, especially in dry and seasonally dry climates. However, the response to droughts of ecosystems embedded in urban areas is not well known. This study investigates how different scenarios of groundwater availability control the water balance and vegetation productivity of two urban reserves hosting native vegetation in the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Using a mechanistic ecohydrological model supported by field observations, long‐term simulations were run to explore the impact of groundwater flow on water, carbon, and energy fluxes under present climatic conditions, including the Millennium Drought (2001–2009), and in response to perturbations in key environmental variables (air temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and rainfall). It was found that the presence of a water table and its capillary fringe within the root depths supports ecosystem transpiration and vegetation productivity. The effects of declining groundwater were found to be more severe in predominantly sandy soils because of the lower water holding capacity, identifying that the water status of vegetation differs significantly depending on soil type. Differences in rooting strategies and groundwater availability also had a pivotal role in helping plants soften the impacts of increased air temperature (Ta) and make use of higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Increased Ta strongly affected evapotranspiration, enhancing the competition for water between different vegetation types. These results provide quantitative insights of how vegetation responds to groundwater depletion and climate variability, highlighting the essential role of groundwater resources in urban ecosystems characterized by seasonally dry climates.
The gut microbiota contributes to the development of Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice
Authors: Hu Xiaoyu , Guo Jian , Zhao Caijun , Jiang Peng , Maimai T , Yanyi Li , Cao Yongguo , Fu Yunhe , Zhang Naisheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy farming worldwide. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of systemic and local inflammatory diseases, such as mastitis. However, the regulatory mechanism of the gut microbiota on mastitis is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the function and regulatory mechanisms of the gut microbiota in host defense against mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. Increased blood-milk barrier permeability, and S. aureus-induced mastitis severity were observed gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice compared with those in control mice. Moreover, feces microbiota transplantation (FMT) to microbbiota-dysbiosis mice reversed these effects. Furthermore, established disruption of commensal homeostasis results in significantly increased abundance of pathogenic Enterobacter bacteria, while the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing bacterial phyla (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) was significantly reduced. However, FMT to gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice reversed these changes. In addition, dysbiosis reduced the levels of SCFAs, and administration of sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, and probiotics (butyrate-producing bacteria) reversed the changes in the blood-milk barrier and reduced the severity of mastitis induced by S. aureus. In conclusion, this new finding demonstrated that the gut microbiota acts as a protective factor in host defense against mastitis and that targeting the gut-mammary gland axis represents a promising therapeutic approach for mastitis treatment.