bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voice and silence as immediate consequences of job insecurity
Authors: Breevaart Kimberley , Lopez Bohle Sergio , Pletzer Jan Luca , Muñoz Medina Felipe 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the weekly effects of job insecurity on employee voice and silence. Specifically, the authors argue that because employment fulfils important needs, employees’ needs are less fulfilled when they feel that their job is at risk (i.e. high job insecurity). Consequently, the authors argue that employees engage in less voice and more silence because when employees’ needs are not fulfilled, they are less committed to the organization and/or protect their personal resources.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested their hypotheses in a five-week long diary study among 97 employees.FindingsThe authors found that employees reported lower need fulfilment in those weeks and the week after job insecurity was higher, which, in turn, decreased employee voice and increased employee silence in those weeks and the week after.Research limitations/implicationsThe study shows that feelings about one’s job insecurity fluctuate from week to week and that the weekly negative effects associated with increased job insecurity can be explained from a needs fulfilment perspective. The study also highlights the importance of studying voice and silence simultaneously.Practical implicationsManagers could indirectly increase employees’ voice and decrease employees’ silence by reducing feelings of job insecurity to increase employees’ feelings of predictability of and control over their future.Originality/valueThe authors studied short-term effects of job insecurity on both employee voice and silence, and examined need fulfilment as an underlying mechanism to explain the effects of job insecurity.
Be flexible: turning innovativeness into competitive advantage in hospitality firms
Authors: Anning-Dorson Thomas , Nyamekye Michael Boadi 
Published: January 2020

PurposeWhile acknowledging the importance of innovation capability and its potential for creating competitive advantage for firms, the purpose of this paper is to further explain how firms can gain the most from this potential. In the face of the low success rate of innovations and innovation activities in the hospitality sector, this study explains – through the dynamic capability perspective – that building a flexible organization is instrumental in creating competitive advantage out of innovation capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from hospitality firms operating in an emerging economy with a fast-growing hospitality sector. As this study uses survey and statistical methods, the possibility of common method bias is addressed by partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe study finds that organizational flexibility (OF) is an important mediator in the relationship between innovation capabilities and competitive advantage. The study explains that building a flexible organization is instrumental in creating competitive advantage out of innovation capabilities in hospitality firms.Originality/valueThis study suggests that relying only on innovation capability offers hospitality firms just a fraction of what would be gained if such capabilities are properly aligned with OF. This is because such alignment generates better response power to changing needs as the firm becomes more mobile, responsive and agile to rapidly identify market trends, adjust internal operations and respond quickly to new market demand.
Psychoanalysis: neglected ally in an emerging “critical healthcare management studies” (CHMS)?
Authors: Gerard Nathan 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the relevance of psychoanalysis to an emerging sub-field known as “critical healthcare management studies” (CHMS).Design/methodology/approachBuilding upon a wave of critical scholarship in the broader field of management, scholars and practitioners of healthcare management have begun to forge a critical scholarly movement of their own. CHMS, short for “critical healthcare management studies,” formally denotes a new subfield of inquiry dedicated to challenging entrenched assumptions, exposing power relations, and cultivating critical praxis, all the while serving as a vital counterpoint to mainstream scholarship. This paper seeks to augment the CHMS movement with psychoanalysis, and particularly the critical vein of organizational psychoanalysis already well-established in critical management studies.FindingsThe argument is made that a greater engagement with psychoanalysis offers novel avenues for critical theorizing and practice in healthcare management. Specifically three areas are considered: 1) the exploitative role of guilt in the caring professions, 2) the resurgence of authoritarianism and its implications for unconscious organizational dynamics, and 3) the potential for a psychoanalytically informed critical healthcare praxis.Originality/valueWhile there remain wide differences of opinion about the utility of psychoanalysis outside of the clinical arena, this paper reveals just how psychoanalysis can inform today's healthcare organizations, and more broadly the social and political organization of health in society.
Using fieldwork to deepen understanding of organizational learning and/or the learning organization
Authors: Field Laurie 
Published: January 2020

PurposeIn an effort to encourage more probing studies of organizational learning and the learning organization (OL/LO), this paper aims to highlight the value of extended periods of fieldwork and suggest priorities for future fieldwork-based research into OL/LO.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the author’s research and consultancies in the OL/LO field and on systematic reviews of OL/LO literature.FindingsEvidence is presented to justify the following four priorities for future fieldwork-based studies of OL/LO: to obtain trustworthy data, to bring the role of time and place into sharp focus, to explore the relationship between organizational learning and interests and to identify strategies for improving organizational learning in particular contexts.Originality/valueThe paper suggests priorities for a research approach that is not often used to study organizational learning and the learning organization, namely, to undertake extended periods of fieldwork in individual organizations or parts of organizations, gathering trustworthy data and interpreting it with the help of extant OL/LO theory.
Pre‐adaptation to climate change through topography‐driven phenotypic plasticity
Authors: De Kort Hanne , Panis Bart , Helsen Kenny , Douzet Rolland , Janssens Steven B. , Honnay Olivier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Climate change will increase the level of drought stress experienced by plant communities, but the spatial distribution of projected changes in dryness remains highly uncertain. Species can, to some extent, deal with climate uncertainty through natural variation in adaptive responses to environmental heterogeneity and predictability. Biodiversity conservation could thus target populations pre‐adapted to climatic heterogeneity to anticipate climate uncertainty. Disentangling adaptive evolution of trait means versus trait plasticity, however, requires a sampling design with genetic replicates grown under distinct environmental conditions.

Here, we applied three soil moisture treatments to genetic replicates of Fragaria vesca plants raised from seeds that were sampled in distinct topographical settings, to study adaptive trait and plasticity divergence in response to drought.

We demonstrate that various plant traits evolved along distinct topographical gradients. Populations on south‐exposed slopes, for example, retained high levels of both flowering and runner formation under drought stress, while north‐faced populations hardly flowered under reduced soil moisture levels. Aspect but not elevation was found to coincide with variation in plant traits, suggesting that microenvironmental variation rather than general clines in elevation drive evolution in mountainous landscapes. Our results also indicate that traits and their plasticity can evolve independently in response to distinct topographical stressors.

Synthesis. We conclude that heterogeneous landscapes (a) harbour micro‐refugia of adaptive genetic diversity that protect natural populations against environmental change, and (b) represent invaluable sources of quantitative genetic variation that could support conservation where climate projections are inconclusive.
Suburban ethnicities: Home as the site of interethnic conviviality and racism
Authors: Tyler Katharine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article explores the ways in which the white working‐class residents of a suburban English town reflect on their relationships with their British Asian Pakistani Muslim neighbors. Its focus is on how everyday constructions of home become sites for the intermingling of discourses of intercultural conviviality and racism. My contention is that the idea of home has not yet been given the detailed critical attention that it deserves in the sociological literature on everyday manifestations of multiculturalism, conviviality, and racism. My supposition is that a special focus on the idea of home as the site of conviviality offers a productive avenue to analyze how intercultural relationships are formed and how the norms of neighborliness are thought to break down, opening a space for commonplace racialized and racist stereotypes to take hold. The idea of home is central to the rhythm and landscape of the English suburbs. It conjures up the idea of a uniform and aspirational white space. Drawing on this imaginary of home, I shall trace how “white working class” “English,” “Scottish,” and “Anglo‐Italian” residents’ everyday constructions of home become embroiled with their relationships with their British Asian Pakistani Muslim neighbors.
Could Defects on a Rubber Stamp be Reproduced on a Duplicated Rubber Stamp?
Authors: Li Chi‐keung , Hui Janesse Wing‐sze 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe examination of stamp impressions has been an integral part of questioned document examination since its inception. Matching in design details and unique defects has proven to be essential factors for rubber stamps and stamp impression examination. In this study, several duplicate stamps were made from various rubber stamp manufacturers in Hong Kong, from the same original stamp impression(s). The objective was to examine the stamp impressions prepared from these duplicated stamp products and compared with each other and to determine whether they could be distinguished from the source stamp impression(s); by comparison of the size and defects deliberated introduced onto the latter. Further consideration of this study was an attempt to create a perfect duplicate stamp from an original stamp impression. The results of the analysis showed that the quality of source stamp impression(s) and scanner device of the stamp manufacturing process, and the knowledge of the stamp manufacturer were critical to the quality and outcome of the duplicated stamp products. It is concluded that although a perfect duplicate stamp could only be made under several essential control conditions, it was still possible to create a duplicate stamp that replicated the features of the original when a high‐quality source stamp impression was available.
Female answer specificity to male drumming calls in three closely related species of the stonefly genus Zwicknia (Plecoptera: Capniidae)
Authors: Orci Kirill Márk , Murányi Dávid 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study examines the rate of female answers to conspecific versus heterospecific male vibratory calls in three, closely related stonefly species: Zwicknia bifrons, Z. acuta, and Z. rupprechti. In a previous study those three species were recognized on the basis of their distinct male drumming calls along with differences in genital morphology and genetic divergence. During this study no‐choice playback experiments using original male call samples from each species were performed, and the answer rate of females to conspecific and heterospecific signal variants was measured. Mixed effect logistic regression models were used to test if male call species identity had a statistically significant effect on female answer probability. Females answered conspecific male calls with significantly higher probability than heterospecific calls in all the three examined species, suggesting that the divergence of vibrational communication can be an important component of the prezygotic isolation between them. Low, but well detectable responsiveness to heterospecific calls was observable between Z. bifrons and Z. acuta, the two species closest to each other regarding mitochondrial genetic divergence and male call pattern similarity. Thus, our results are most congruent with a tight, gradual coevolution of male calls and female preferences.
Effects of exercise on residual renal function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: A post‐hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uchiyama Kiyotaka , Washida Naoki , Morimoto Kohkichi , Muraoka Kaori , Nakayama Takashin , Adachi Keika , Kasai Takahiro , Miyashita Kazutoshi , Wakino Shu , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on renal outcomes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). In a post‐hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial of a 12‐week home‐based exercise program involving 47 patients undergoing PD, we excluded 18 patients with anuria and analyzed 13 and 16 patients in the usual care and exercise groups, respectively. The primary outcomes were weekly renal creatinine clearance (CCr) and urinary biomarkers: liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (L‐FABP) and the microalbumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR). Although the maintenance of weekly renal CCr in the exercise group was not significantly different compared with that in the usual care group (P = .09), urinary L‐FABP levels (P = .02) and ACR (P = .04) were significantly decreased in the exercise group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the beneficial effects of exercise on renal outcomes in patients undergoing PD.
Public safety assessment
Authors: DeMichele Matthew , Baumgartner Peter , Wenger Michael , Barrick Kelle , Comfort Megan 
Published: January 2020

Research SummaryWe assess the predictive validity and differential prediction by race of one pretrial risk assessment, the Public Safety Assessment (PSA). The PSA was developed with support from the Laura and John Arnold Foundation (LJAF) to reduce the burden placed on vulnerable populations at the front end of the criminal justice system. The growing and disparate use of incarceration is one of the most pressing social issues facing the United States. The implementation of risk assessments has provided fuel for both sides of the reform debate with proponents arguing that the use of these assessments offers a policy mechanism to alleviate populations and bias. Risk assessment critics, however, argue that the use of the assessments exacerbates bias and does not improve decision‐making. By examining a statewide data set from Kentucky (N = 164,597), we found the PSA to have predictive validity measures in line with what are generally accepted within the criminal justice field. The differences we found indicate the PSA scores for failure to appear (FTA) are moderated by race, but these differences do not lead to disparate impact.Policy ImplicationsWe point to data limitations and the need for localized risk assessment studies, and we emphasize that risk assessments are decision‐making tools that require ongoing refinement. Risk assessment developers, opponents, and proponents would do better to focus on the reality of risk assessments as probabilistic models. The results of these assessments cannot predict with certainty, and they are not inherently biased. Rather, criminologists and policy makers need to understand the uncertainty that comes with any predictive model.
Evidence concerning the regulation of firearms design, sale, and carrying on fatal mass shootings in the United States
Authors: Webster Daniel W. , McCourt Alexander D. , Crifasi Cassandra K. , Booty Marisa D. , Stuart Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2020

Research SummaryWe used data from the FBI's Supplemental Homicide Reports and other publicly available databases to calculate state‐level annual incidence of fatal mass shootings for 1984–2017. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the associations between changes in key gun laws and fatal mass shootings. Handgun purchaser licensing laws and bans of large‐capacity magazines (LCMs) were associated with significant reductions in the incidence of fatal mass shootings. Other laws commonly advocated as solutions to mass shootings—comprehensive background checks, assault weapons bans, and de‐regulation of civilian concealed carry of firearms—were unrelated to fatal mass shootings.Policy ImplicationsOur findings suggest that laws requiring firearm purchasers to be licensed through a background check process supported by fingerprints and laws banning LCMs are the most effective gun policies for reducing fatal mass shootings.
Influence of aflatoxin in Nuruk on the safety of starch‐based alcoholic beverage
Authors: Yun Jeonghyun , Kim Jae Ho , Lee Jang‐Eun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNuruk is a fermentation agent used to manufacture alcoholic beverages, which contains a variety of microorganisms. Most microorganisms in Nuruk are useful for the production of alcoholic beverages; however, Nuruk can be infected with Aspergillus flavus, which produces aflatoxin (AF). Therefore, this study analyzed total AF concentrations in Nuruk, the transfer of AF from Nuruk to alcoholic beverages, and AF‐producing microorganisms to determine the safety of alcoholic beverages with respect to this toxin. ELISA showed that total AF levels in 14 of 61 Nuruk samples exceeded 15 ppb, the Korean permissible level in cereal products. In alcoholic beverages produced with Nuruk containing AF levels >15 ppb, only AF G1 was detected, at a level of 0.3 ppb, and the transfer ratio of AF G1 was approximately 1.2% to 1.3%. The dominant genera in Nuruk were Aspergillus and Rhizopus. Among 30 strains belonging to Aspergillus, 10 produced only AF B1 at levels of 0.1 to 2.4 ppb after incubation at 25 °C for 8 days on potato dextrose agar plates. Although AF in Nuruk was rarely transferred to alcoholic beverages and the aflatoxigenic strains were found to possess poor AF‐producing capacity, further efforts to reduce AF in Nuruk are needed to ensure the safety of alcoholic beverages.
Biofilm formation by marine bacteria is impacted by concentration and surface functionalization of polystyrene nanoparticles in a species‐specific manner
Authors: Okshevsky Mira , Gautier Eva , Farner Jeffrey M. , Schreiber Lars , Tufenkji Nathalie 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe world's oceans are becoming increasingly polluted by plastic waste. In the marine environment, larger plastic pieces may degrade into nanoscale (<100 nm in at least one dimension) plastic particles due to natural weathering effects. We observe that the presence of 20 nm plastic nanoparticles at concentrations below 200 ppm had no impact on planktonic growth of a panel of heterotrophic marine bacteria. However, the presence of plastic nanoparticles significantly impacted the formation of biofilms in a species‐specific manner. While carboxylated nanoparticles increased the amount of biofilm formed by several species, amidine‐functionalized nanoparticles decreased the amount of biofilm of many but not all bacteria. Further experiments suggested that the aggregation dynamics of bacteria and nanoparticles were strongly impacted by the surface properties of the nanoparticles. The community structure of an artificially constructed community of marine bacteria was significantly altered by exposure to plastic nanoparticles, with differently functionalized nanoparticles selecting for unique and reproducible community abundance patterns. These results suggest that surface properties and concentration of plastic nanoparticles, as well as species interactions, are important factors determining how plastic nanoparticles impact biofilm formation by marine bacteria.
Diel cycling of the cosmopolitan abundant Pelagibacter virus 37‐F6: one of the most abundant viruses on earth
Authors: Martinez‐Hernandez Francisco , Luo Elaine , Tominaga Kento , Ogata Hiroyuki , Yoshida Takashi , DeLong Edward F. , Martinez‐Garcia Manuel 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe spatiotemporal dynamics for marine viral populations has only recently been explored. However, nothing is known about temporal activities of the uncultured Pelagibacter virus vSAG 37‐F6, which was discovered by single‐virus genomics as potentially the most abundant marine virus. Here, we investigate the diel cycling of 37‐F6 virus and the putative SAR11 host using coastal and oceanic transcriptomic and viromic time‐series data from Osaka Bay and North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Virus 37‐F6 and relatives displayed diel cycling of transcriptional activities synchronized with its putative host. In both virus and host, the lowest transcription rates were observed at 14:00–15:00, coinciding roughly with maximum solar irradiance, while higher transcriptional rates were detected during the night/early morning and afternoon. Diel abundance of free viruses of 37‐F6 in seawater roughly mirrored the transcriptional activities of both virus and host. In Osaka Bay, among viral relatives (genus level), virus 37‐F6 specifically showed the highest ratio of transcriptional activity to virome abundance, a proxy for viral transcriptional activity relative to free viral particle abundance. This high ratio suggests high infection rate efficiencies in vSAG 37‐F6 virus compared to viral relatives. Thus, time‐series data revealed temporal transcript activities in one of the most abundant viruses in Earth.
Analysis of temporal patterns in animal movement networks
Authors: Pasquaretta Cristian , Dubois Thibault , Gomez‐Moracho Tamara , Delepoulle Virginie P. , Le Loc’h Guillaume , Heeb Philipp , Lihoreau Mathieu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Understanding how animal movements change across space and time is a fundamental question in ecology. While classical analyses of trajectories give insightful descriptors of spatial patterns, a satisfying method for assessing the temporal succession of such patterns is lacking.

Network analyses are increasingly used to capture properties of complex animal trajectories in simple graphical metrics. Here, building on this approach, we introduce a method that incorporates time into movement network analyses based on temporal sequences of network motifs.

We illustrate our method using four example trajectories (bumblebee, black kite, roe deer, wolf) collected with different technologies (harmonic radar, platform terminal transmitter, global positioning system). First, we transformed each trajectory into a spatial network by defining the animal's coordinates as nodes and movements in between as edges. Second, we extracted temporal sequences of network motifs from each movement network and compared the resulting behavioural profiles to topological features of the original trajectory. Finally, we compared each sequence of motifs with simulated Brownian and Lévy random motions to statistically determine differences between trajectories and classical movement models.

Our analysis of the temporal sequences of network motifs in individual movement networks revealed successions of spatial patterns corresponding to changes in behavioural modes that can be attributed to specific spatio‐temporal events of each animal trajectory. Future applications of our method to multi‐layered movement and social network analysis yield considerable promises for extending the study of complex movement patterns at the population level.