bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heavy Ion Charge States in Jupiter's Polar Magnetosphere Inferred From Auroral Megavolt Electric Potentials
Authors: Clark G. , Mauk B. H. , Kollmann P. , Paranicas C. , Bagenal F. , Allen R. C. , Bingham S. , Bolton S. , Cohen I. , Ebert R. W. , Dunn W. , Haggerty D. , Houston S. J. , Jackman C. M. , Roussos E. , Rymer A. , Westlake J. H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we exploit the charge‐dependent nature of auroral phenomena in Jupiter's polar cap region to infer the charge states of energetic oxygen and sulfur. To date, there are very limited and sparse measurements of the >50 keV oxygen and sulfur charge states, yet many studies have demonstrated their importance in understanding the details of various physical processes, such as X‐ray aurora, ion‐neutral interactions in Jupiter's neutral cloud, and particle acceleration theories. In this contribution, we develop a technique to determine the most abundant charge states associated with heavy ions in Jupiter's polar magnetosphere. We find that O+ and S++ are the most abundant and therefore iogenic in origin. The results are important because they provide (1) strong evidence that soft X‐ray sources are likely due to charge stripping of magnetospheric ions and (2) a more complete spatial map of the oxygen and sulfur charge states, which is important for understanding how the charge‐ and mass‐dependent physical processes sculpt the energetic particles throughout the Jovian magnetosphere.
Structural phase transition, equation of state and phase diagram of functional rare earth sesquioxide ceramics (Eu1−xLax)2O3
Authors: Irshad K. A. , Srihari V. , Kalavathi S. , Shekar N. V. Chandra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe intriguing functional nature of ceramics containing rare earth sesquioxide (RES) is associated with the type of polymorphic structure they crystallize into. They prefer to be in the cubic, monoclinic or hexagonal structure in the increasing order of cation size, RRE. Since the functional properties of these ceramics varies with RRE, temperature and pressure, a systematic investigation delineating the cation size effect is indispensable. In the present work we report the structural stability and compressibility behaviour of the RES ceramics, (Eu1−xLax)2O3, of RESs with dissimilar structure and significant difference in cationic radii. The selected compositions of (Eu1−xLax)2O3 have been studied using the in-situ high pressure synchrotron X-ray diffraction and the structural parameters obtained through Rietveld refinement. The cubic structure, which is stable for 0.95 Å $$\le$$≤ RRE$$<\,0.98$$<0.98 Å at ambient temperature and pressure (ATP), prefers a cubic to hexagonal transition at high pressures. The biphasic region of cubic and monoclinic structure, which is stable for 0.98 Å $$\le$$≤ RRE$$<\,1.025$$<1.025 Å at ATP, prefers a cubic/monoclinic to hexagonal transition at high pressures. Further, in the biphasic region of monoclinic and hexagonal structure, observed for 1.025 Å $$\le$$≤RRE$$<\,1.055$$<1.055 Å, the monoclinic phase is found to be progressing towards the hexagonal phase with increasing pressure. The pure hexagonal phase obtained for 1.055 Å $$\le$$≤ RRE$$\le$$≤ 1.10 Å is found to be structurally stable at high pressures. The bulk moduli are obtained from the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state fit to the compressibility data and its dependance on the cation size is discussed. The microstrain induced by the difference in cation size causes an internal pressure in the crystal structure leading to a reduction in the bulk modulus of $$\textit{x}=0.2$$x=0.2 and 0.6. A pressure–concentration (P–x) phase diagram upto a pressure of 25 GPa is constructed for (Eu1−xLax)2O3. This would provide an insight to the fundamental and technological aspects of these materials and the RESs in general.
Morphology control of nickel nanoparticles prepared in situ within silica aerogels produced by novel ambient pressure drying
Authors: Lu Jialu , Wang Jiabin , Hassan Khalil T. , Talmantaite Alina , Xiao Zhengguang , Hunt Michael R. C. , Šiller Lidija 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSilica aerogels are low density solids with high surface area and high porosity which are ideal supports for catalyst materials. The main challenge in aerogel production is the drying process, which must remove liquid from the pores of the wet gel while maintaining the solid network. In this work, the synthesis of silica aerogels and nickel-doped silica aerogels by a low energy budget process is demonstrated. Silica aerogels are produced by ambient drying using ammonium bicarbonate, rather than a conventional low surface tension solvent. Heating dissociates the ammonium bicarbonate, so generating CO2 and NH3 within the pores of the wet gel which prevents pore collapse during drying. Nickel-doped aerogels were produced by reducing nickel ions within pre-synthesised silica aerogels. The morphology of the resulting nickel particles—spheres, wires and chains—could be controlled through an appropriate choice of synthesis conditions. Materials were characterized using nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The surface area of undoped aerogel is found to increase with the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate salts from 360 to 530 m2 g−1, and that of nickel-doped silica aerogel varies from 240 to 310 m2 g−1 with nickel doping conditions.
Relationship of primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura and atopia among children: a case control study
Authors: Bahoush Gholamreza , Poorasgari Amirbahador , Nojomi Marzieh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease affecting 10–30% of children and 2–10% of adults worldwide. It is manifested by the pruritus eczema lesions on the skin. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common cause of acute onset of thrombocytopenia in childhood. The aim of this study was association of primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura and atopia among children. This case control study was performed on patients with acute and chronic ITP who were confirmed by a hematologist. The control group was also selected from the siblings of the patients who were healthy and almost matched by age and sex with the patient group. Data were entered into a questionnaire under the SPSS-20 program, and demographic data were analyzed descriptively. In the present study, 120 patients were enrolled, 60 of whom were in the patient group and 60 in the control group. Mean age was 95 and 98 months for patients and control. This study showed a significant association of ITP with allergic rhinitis (P = 0.02), atopic dermatitis (P = 0.004), itching (P = 0.042), and dry skin (P = 0.015). However, no significant relationship was found between ITP and asthma (P-value = 0.18). This study does not reveal the causality between atopy and ITP but clearly shows the association between atopy and ITP disease, so the prevalence of atopy in ITP patients is higher than the normal population. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to investigate the cause of atopy and ITP and to find other immunological and possibly genetic commonalities.
Potential therapeutic effect of targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3β in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bolidong Dilireba , Domoto Takahiro , Uehara Masahiro , Sabit Hemragul , Okumura Tomoyuki , Endo Yoshio , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Ninomiya Itasu , Miyashita Tomoharu , Wong Richard W. , Minamoto Toshinari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common gastrointestinal cancer and is often refractory to current therapies. Development of efficient therapeutic strategies against ESCC presents a major challenge. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β has emerged as a multipotent therapeutic target in various diseases including cancer. Here we investigated the biology and pathological role of GSK3β in ESCC and explored the therapeutic effects of its inhibition. The expression of GSK3β and tyrosine (Y)216 phosphorylation-dependent activity was higher in human ESCC cell lines and primary tumors than untransformed esophageal squamous TYNEK-3 cells from an ESCC patient and tumor-adjacent normal esophageal mucosa. GSK3β-specific inhibitors and small interfering (si)RNA-mediated knockdown of GSK3β attenuated tumor cell survival and proliferation, while inducing apoptosis in ESCC cells and their xenograft tumors in mice. GSK3β inhibition spared TYNEK-3 cells and the vital organs of mice. The therapeutic effect of GSK3β inhibition in tumor cells was associated with G0/G1- and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and increased expression of cyclin B1. These results suggest the tumor-promoting role of GSK3β is via cyclin D1/CDK4-mediated cell cycle progression. Consequently, our study provides a biological rationale for GSK3β as a potential therapeutic target in ESCC.
Cdc42 regulates cell polarization and contractile actomyosin rings during terminal differentiation of human erythroblasts
Authors: Ubukawa Kumi , Goto Tatsufumi , Asanuma Ken , Sasaki Yumi , Guo Yong-Mei , Kobayashi Isuzu , Sawada Kenichi , Wakui Hideki , Takahashi Naoto 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms involved in the terminal differentiation of erythroblasts have been elucidated by comparing enucleation and cell division. Although various similarities and differences between erythroblast enucleation and cytokinesis have been reported, the mechanisms that control enucleation remain unclear. We previously reported that dynein and microtubule-organizing centers mediated the polarization of nuclei in human erythroblasts. Moreover, the accumulation of F-actin was noted during the enucleation of erythroblasts. Therefore, during enucleation, upstream effectors in the signal transduction pathway regulating dynein or actin, such as cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42), may be crucial. We herein investigated the effects of the Cdc42 inhibitor, CASIN, on cytokinesis and enucleation in colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-Es) and mature erythroblasts (day 10). CASIN blocked the proliferation of CFU-Es and their enucleation in a dose-dependent manner. Dynein adopted an island-like distribution in the cytoplasm of non-treated CFU-Es, but was concentrated near the nucleus as a dot and co-localized with γ-tubulin in CASIN-treated cells. CASIN blocked the accumulation of F-actin in CFU-Es and day 10 cells. These results demonstrated that Cdc42 plays an important role in cytokinesis, nuclear polarization and nuclear extrusion through a relationship with dynein and actin filament organization during the terminal differentiation of erythroblasts.
Morphological Awareness Skills of Second- and Third-Grade Students With and Without Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Apel Kenn , Henbest Victoria S. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Morphological awareness is the ability to consciously manipulate the smallest units of meaning in language. Morphological awareness contributes to success with literacy skills for children with typical language and those with language impairment. However, little research has focused on the morphological awareness skills of children with speech sound disorders (SSD), who may be at risk for literacy impairments. No researcher has examined the morphological awareness skills of children with SSD and compared their skills to children with typical speech using tasks representing a comprehensive definition of morphological awareness, which was the main purpose of this study.

Method
Thirty second- and third-grade students with SSD and 30 with typical speech skills, matched on age and receptive vocabulary, completed four morphological awareness tasks and measures of receptive vocabulary, real-word reading, pseudoword reading, and word-level spelling.

Results
Results indicated there was no difference between the morphological awareness skills of students with and without SSD. Although morphological awareness was moderately to strongly related to the students' literacy skills, performance on the morphological awareness tasks contributed little to no additional variance to the children's real-word reading and spelling skills beyond what was accounted for by pseudoword reading.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that early elementary-age students with SSD may not present with concomitant morphological awareness difficulties and that the morphological awareness skills of these students may not play a unique role in their word-level literacy skills. Limitations and suggestions for future research on the morphological awareness skills of children with SSD are discussed.
Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention
Authors: Murphy Kimberly A. , Diehm Emily A. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic.

Method

Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade (
n
= 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography.

Results
Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling.

Conclusion
Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687
A high redshift population of galaxies at the North Ecliptic Pole
Authors: Barrufet L. , Pearson C. , Serjeant S. , Małek K. , Baronchelli I. , Campos-Varillas M. C. , White G. J. , Valtchanov I. , Matsuhara H. , Conversi L. , Kim S. J. , Goto T. , Oi N. , Malkan M. , Kim H. , Ikeda H. , Takagi T. , Toba Y. , Miyaji T. 
Published: July 2020

Context. Dusty high-z galaxies are extreme objects with high star formation rates (SFRs) and luminosities. Characterising the properties of this population and analysing their evolution over cosmic time is key to understanding galaxy evolution in the early Universe.
Aims. We select a sample of high-z dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) and evaluate their position on the main sequence (MS) of star-forming galaxies, the well-known correlation between stellar mass and SFR. We aim to understand the causes of their high star formation and quantify the percentage of DSFGs that lie above the MS.
Methods. We adopted a multi-wavelength approach with data from optical to submillimetre wavelengths from surveys at the North Ecliptic Pole to study a submillimetre sample of high-redshift galaxies. Two submillimetre selection methods were used, including: sources selected at 850 μm with the Sub-millimetre Common-User Bolometer Array 2) SCUBA-2 instrument and Herschel-Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) selected sources (colour-colour diagrams and 500 μm risers), finding that 185 have good multi-wavelength coverage. The resulting sample of 185 high-z candidates was further studied by spectral energy distribution fitting with the CIGALE fitting code. We derived photometric redshifts, stellar masses, SFRs, and additional physical parameters, such as the infrared luminosity and active galactic nuclei (AGN) contribution.
Results. We find that the Herschel-SPIRE selected DSFGs generally have higher redshifts (z = 2.57−0.09+0.08) than sources that are selected solely by the SCUBA-2 method (z = 1.45−0.06+0.21). We find moderate SFRs (797−50+108 M⊙ yr−1), which are typically lower than those found in other studies. We find that the different results in the literature are, only in part, due to selection effects, as even in the most extreme cases, SFRs are still lower than a few thousand solar masses per year. The difference in measured SFRs affects the position of DSFGs on the MS of galaxies; most of the DSFGs lie on the MS (60%). Finally, we find that the star formation efficiency (SFE) depends on the epoch and intensity of the star formation burst in the galaxy; the later the burst, the more intense the star formation. We discuss whether the higher SFEs in DSFGs could be due to mergers.
Long, depolarising Hα-filament towards the Monogem ring
Authors: Reich Wolfgang , Reich Patricia , Sun Xiaohui 
Published: July 2020

Context. In soft X-rays, the Monogem ring is an object with a diameter of 25° located in the Galactic anti-centre. It is believed to be a faint, evolved, local supernova remnant. The ring is also visible in the far-ultraviolet, and a few optical filaments are related. It is not seen at radio wavelengths, as other large supernova remnants are.
Aims. We study a narrow about 4.°5 long, faint Hα-filament, G203.7 + 11.5, that is seen towards the centre of the Monogem ring. It causes depolarisation and excessive Faraday rotation of radio polarisation data.
Methods. Polarisation observations at λ11 cm and λ21 cm with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope were analysed in addition to WMAP data, extragalactic rotation measures, and Hα data. A Faraday-screen model was applied.
Results. From the analysis of the depolarisation properties of the Hα filament, we derived a line-of-sight magnetic field, B||, of 26 ± 5 μG for a distance of 300 pc and an electron density, ne, of 1.6 cm−3. The absolute largest rotation measure of G203.7 + 11.5 is −86 ± 3 rad m−2, where the magnetic field direction has the opposite sign from the large-scale Galactic field. We estimated the average synchrotron emissivity at λ21 cm up to 300 pc distance towards G203.7 + 11.5 to about 1.1 K Tb/kpc, which is higher than typical Milky Way values.
Conclusions. The magnetic field within G203.7 + 11.5 is unexpected in direction and strength. Most likely, the filament is related to the Monogem-ring shock, where interactions with ambient clouds may cause local magnetic field reversals. We confirm earlier findings of an enhanced but direction-dependent local synchrotron emissivity.
CT-guided Interventional Therapy of Back Pain – Predictors of Success in Treatment
Authors: Stueckle Christoph Alexander , Talarczyk Sarah , Hackert Benedikt , Wawro Martin , Haage Patrick , Weger Ulrich 
Published: July 2020

Purpose The aim of the presented study was to investigate if distribution of the drug-contrast medium mixture in CT-guided periradicular therapy can predict intervention success.Materials and Methods Over a 15-month period, 97 patients admitted to our institution by a pain physician for CT guided periradicular therapy were treated. In 420 CT guided interventions, we measured the relative distribution of the drug mixture in relationship to the neuroforamen. The distribution was correlated to the patient’s pain score over time. In addition, dependence of success in treatment with regards to the treating physician was evaluated.Results Ninety percent of the patients experienced a decrease of pain score under therapy, only 10 % showed no change. On average there was an improvement in pain score from 7.4 (2–10) before therapy to 3.7 (0–9) at the end of therapy. We observed a weak correlation of –0.22 (p < 0.028) between distribution of drug mixture to the neuroforamen and reduction of pain score. The therapy outcome displayed a dependency regarding the treating physician (p < 0.0084).Conclusion CT guided periradicular therapy offers good pain reduction in most of the patients. Drug distribution near the affected nerve and treating physician are factors for clinical success.Key Points: Citation Format
Voltammetric determination of Diclofenac at a PEDOT modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Jaramillo-Aguirre Alonso-E , Espitia-H José-A. , Castro-Narváez Sandra , Rojas Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, the electrochemical behavior of diclofenac (DCF), a widely used NSAID drug, was undertaken at a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). A low-cost, sensitive, stable, and selective electrochemical sensor is proposed for the determination of this analyte by using differential pulse voltammetry in 0.10 M phosphate buffer solution, pH 8.00. At the Surface of GCE, EDOT (3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) was electropolymerized by chronocoulometry, the charge injected was carefully controlled. The polymerization parameters were 20.0 mM EDOT, H2SO4 pH 1.50, step potential from 0.0 V to 1.1 V vs Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat), for 60 ms. The modified GCE displayed a significant enhancement of the anodic peak current compared to the bare electrode, measured by DPV. A calibration graph of the modified electrode exhibited an increase of the peak current about 63% with respect to the bare. The electropolymerized sensor was applied to DCF quantitation in pharmaceutical preparations with a relative standard deviation of 0.40%. It was also used in urine analysis. The limit of detection of this sensor was 9.06 nM compared to 1.37 μM for the bare electrode.
On-line HPLC/SPME Interface using dynamic extraction
Authors: Kayali-Sayadi M. N. , Polo-Díez L. M. , Rios-Acevedo J. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study describes the determination of Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in water using a new modification for the commercial SPME-HPLC interface which incorporates a dynamic SPME-HPLC extraction and vibration in the desorption chamber during the extraction and desorption steps. Extraction and desorption parameters were investigated using fourteen PAHs of different volatilities (naphthalene, acenaphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene) as test compounds and fluorimetric detection. Regression coefficients close to 0.99 with RSD < 8.1% and detection limits in the range 0.004-0.59 µg/L were found. A method was applied to determine the above PAHs in water samples. The results were compared with the 550.1 EPA method at the 0.05 significance level.
Disorder effect on mass-asymmetry in monolayer black phosphorus
Authors: Quintero J. H. , Garcia-Castro A.C. , Páez C. J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work, we calculated the band structure for the monolayer black phosphorus (phosphorene) from the slater-Koster tight-binding method, where the effect of s-p mixing is considered. Using the new parameters, we studied the electronic properties of phosphorene. The electronic properties were calculated using the recursive Green’s Function method. From the resistance calculation, we showed that electrons in the ZZ directions had an effective mass ten times larger than those in the AC direction, which agrees with experimental results. We investigated the effect of disorder on the anisotropy of the effective mass and we showed that the intrinsic anisotropy is robust to the presence of disorder.