bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homo adorans:exitus et reditusin theological anthropology
Authors: Arcadi James M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThinking with and beyond Alexander Schmemann, this essay constructs a theological anthropology that conceives of humans as standing as priests at the centre of the cosmos. Within theexitus et reditusframework of neoplatonic thinking, the cosmos proceeds from and returns to the one God. Recent biblical theology has interpreted theimago Deiin a royal-functional sense. However, this essay argues for a priestly-functional interpretation of theimago Deithat comports better with the conceptual schema of Genesis 1–2 when read through anexitus et redituslens. Ramifications for worship and work follow the constructive portion of the essay.
Barth's christological ecclesiology as theological resource for evangelical free church ecclesiology
Authors: Fields C. Ryan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay argues that Barth's christological ecclesiology is worthy of consideration as a resource to fund a more robust and distinctly theological evangelical free church ecclesiology. Specifically, Barth's articulation of the church as witness, combined with his emphases on the gathering, upbuilding and sending of the church, all resonate with a distinctly free church vantage point. Additionally, I argue that Barth's theological interpretation of Matthew 18:20 (a verse of great significance for the free church tradition) further reveals his compatibility with free church ecclesiology. I conclude that while the traditional problems associated with evangelical reception of Barth need to be addressed and his doctrine of the church as grounded in Christ (and thus election) critically assessed, Barth does end up offering a resource that can inform the development of a theologically robust evangelical free church ecclesiology.
Rhythmic grouping biases in simultaneous bilinguals
Authors: Boll-Avetisyan Natalie , Bhatara Anjali , Unger Annika , Nazzi Thierry , Höhle Barbara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study provides a novel approach for testing the universality of perceptual biases by looking at speech processing in simultaneous bilingual adults learning two languages that support the maintenance of this bias to different degrees. Specifically, we investigated the Iambic/Trochaic Law, an assumed universal grouping bias, in simultaneous French–German bilinguals, presenting them with streams of syllables varying in intensity, duration or neither and asking them whether they perceived them as strong-weak or weak-strong groupings. Results showed robust, consistent grouping preferences. A comparison to monolinguals from previous studies revealed that they pattern with German-speaking monolinguals, and differ from French-speaking monolinguals. The distribution of simultaneous bilinguals' individual performance was best explained by a model fitting a unimodal (not bimodal) distribution, failing to support two subgroups of language dominance. Moreover, neither language experience nor language context predicted their performance. These findings suggest a special role for universal biases in simultaneous bilinguals.
SURVEY: SIXTY YEARS OF DOUGLAS–RACHFORD
Authors: LINDSTROM SCOTT B. , SIMS BRAILEY 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Douglas–Rachford method is a splitting method frequently employed for finding zeros of sums of maximally monotone operators. When the operators in question are normal cone operators, the iterated process may be used to solvefeasibilityproblems of the following form: Find$x\in \bigcap _{k=1}^{N}S_{k}$. The success of the method in the context of closed, convex, nonempty sets$S_{1},\ldots ,S_{N}$is well known and understood from a theoretical standpoint. However, its performance in the nonconvex context is less well understood, yet it is surprisingly impressive. This was particularly compelling to Jonathan M. Borwein who, intrigued by Elser, Rankenburg and Thibault’s success in applying the method to solving sudoku puzzles, began an investigation of his own. We survey the current body of literature on the subject, and we summarize its history. We especially commemorate Professor Borwein’s celebrated contributions to the area.
Evaluation on the Vertical Distribution of Liquid and Ice Phase Cloud Fraction in Community Atmosphere Model Version 5.3 using Spaceborne Lidar Observations
Authors: Guo Zengyuan , Wang Minqi , Peng Yiran , Luo Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCloud partition between liquid and ice phases and their vertical distributions are crucial to energy budget and global climate. Liquid and ice cloud fractions simulated by Community Atmosphere Model version 5.3 and Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observational Simulator Package version 1.4 are evaluated by comparing to satellite retrieval data from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation. Model underestimates liquid cloud by 3.3%, 5.5%, and 3.1% and overestimates ice cloud by 1.5%, 6.3%, and 4.6% in high, medium, and low levels, respectively. The misclassification of liquid cloud to ice cloud occurs in all model levels, leading to an overall underestimation of supercooled liquid fraction (SLF) globally and a shift of 50% SLF line from about −20°C in observation to −5°C in model. Specifically, model produces excessive ice cloud in extratropics and insufficient liquid cloud in tropics at mixed‐phase levels with temperature between 0 and −40°C.
Analyzing Wildland Fire Smoke Emissions Data Using Compositional Data Techniques
Authors: Weise David R. , Palarea‐Albaladejo Javier , Johnson Timothy J. , Jung Heejung 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBy conservation of mass, the mass of wildland fuel that is pyrolyzed and combusted must equal the mass of smoke emissions, residual char, and ash. For a given set of conditions, these amounts are fixed. This places a constraint on smoke emissions data that violates key assumptions for many of the statistical methods ordinarily used to analyze these data such as linear regression, analysis of variance, and t tests. These data are inherently multivariate, relative, and nonnegative parts of a whole and are then characterized as so‐called compositional data. This paper introduces the field of compositional data analysis to the biomass burning emissions community and provides examples of statistical treatment of emissions data. Measures and tests of proportionality, unlike ordinary correlation, allow one to coherently investigate associations between parts of the smoke composition. An alternative method based on compositional linear trends was applied to estimate trace gas composition over a range of combustion efficiency that reduced prediction error by 4% while avoiding use of modified combustion efficiency as if it were an independent variable. Use of log‐ratio balances to create meaningful contrasts between compositional parts definitively stressed differences in smoke emissions from fuel types originating in the southeastern and southwestern United States. Application of compositional statistical methods as an appropriate approach to account for the relative nature of data about the composition of smoke emissions and the atmosphere is recommended.
Paleomagnetic Constraints of the Lower Triassic Strata in South Qinling Belt: Evidence for a Discrete Terrane Between the North and South China Blocks
Authors: Zhao Jie , Dong Yunpeng , Huang Baochun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paleoposition of the South Qinling Belt is a crucial key to understanding the collisional process between the North and South China blocks. In order to identify the paleogeography of the South Qinling Belt during the Early Triassic and its correlation to the North and the South China blocks, combined paleomagnetic studies have been conducted on the Lower Triassic sedimentary rocks in the South Qinling Belt. After systematic thermal demagnetization, a high‐temperature characteristic remanence was isolated from 133 specimen embracing 22 sites with a mean direction ofD= 330.5°,I= 27.7° (α95= 2.5°). The positive fold and reversal tests suggest that the characteristic remanence was acquired during deposition. This characteristic remanence corresponds to a mean paleopole atφp= 7.2°E,λp= 62.5°N (A95= 2.4°), indicating a paleolatitude of ~23.6°N for the South Qinling Belt. These new data are in concordance with the coeval paleomagnetic pole of the North China Block but are distinctly different from that of the South China Block with ~10.0° paleolatitude and ~73.6°declination differences. Together with the regional geology, our new data suggest that the South Qinling Belt had amalgamated with the North China Block along the Shangdan Suture by the Early Triassic times; however, it was still separated from the South China Block by the Mianlue Ocean up to the Early Triassic. The final collision between the North and South China blocks resulted from a ~73.6° clockwise rotation of the South China Block relative to the South Qinling Belt along the Mianlue Suture during the Late Triassic.
Improving Simulation Efficiency of MCMC for Inverse Modeling of Hydrologic Systems With a Kalman‐Inspired Proposal Distribution
Authors: Zhang Jiangjiang , Vrugt Jasper A. , Shi Xiaoqing , Lin Guang , Wu Laosheng , Zeng Lingzao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBayesian analysis is widely used in science and engineering for real‐time forecasting, decision making, and to help unravel the processes that explain the observed data. These data are some deterministic and/or stochastic transformations of the underlying parameters. A key task is then to summarize the posterior distribution of these parameters. When models become too difficult to analyze analytically, Monte Carlo methods can be used to approximate the target distribution. Of these, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are particularly powerful. Such methods generate a random walk through the parameter space and, under strict conditions of reversibility and ergodicity, will successively visit solutions with frequency proportional to the underlying target density. This requires a proposal distribution that generates candidate solutions starting from an arbitrary initial state. The speed of the sampled chains converging to the target distribution deteriorates rapidly, however, with increasing parameter dimensionality. In this paper, we introduce a new proposal distribution that enhances significantly the efficiency of MCMC simulation for highly parameterized models. This proposal distribution exploits the cross covariance of model parameters, measurements, and model outputs and generates candidate states much alike the analysis step in the Kalman filter. We embed the Kalman‐inspired proposal distribution in the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis algorithm during burn‐in and present several numerical experiments with complex, high‐dimensional, or multimodal target distributions. Results demonstrate that this new proposal distribution can greatly improve simulation efficiency of MCMC. Specifically, we observe a speedup on the order of 10–30 times for groundwater models with more than 100 parameters.
Unraveling the Historical Economies of Scale and Learning Effects for Desalination Technologies
Authors: Mayor B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs a technology develops and matures, both economies of scale and the lessons learned through experience drive down the cost over time. This article analyzes and separates the effects of economies of scale and learning through experience on historical cost reductions for three mature desalination technologies: multi‐effect distillation (MED), multi‐stage flash (MSF) distillation, and reverse osmosis (RO). The analysis suggests that learning has been the dominant driver for cost reductions, with learning rates of 23%, 30%, and 12% for MED, MSF, and RO, respectively, when the effects of scale are removed. The highest influence of economies of scale is found for MED, with an exponential scale coefficient of 0.71 and the largest difference between a traditional or scale‐free estimation of the learning rate. MSF and RO showed smaller differences between the traditional and de‐scaled learning rates (only 3%), pointing at learning as the main factor driving their historical cost reductions. However, a trend break observed over the last 10 years mirrors an exhaustion of the potential for technical improvements, as well as an increasing complexity and nonlinearity of the factors influencing the systems' cost. The findings provide useful data and insights for integrated and economic modeling frameworks, while providing guidance to prevent overestimations of the learning effect due to the confounding influence of economies of scale effects associated to historical unit upscaling processes.
Small-molecule-mediated reprogramming: a silver lining for regenerative medicine
Authors: Kim Yohan , Jeong Jaemin , Choi Dongho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTechniques for reprogramming somatic cells create new opportunities for drug screening, disease modeling, artificial organ development, and cell therapy. The development of reprogramming techniques has grown exponentially since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by the transduction of four factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Initial studies on iPSCs led to direct-conversion techniques using transcription factors expressed mainly in target cells. However, reprogramming transcription factors with a virus risks integrating viral DNA and can be complicated by oncogenes. To address these problems, many researchers are developing reprogramming methods that use clinically applicable small molecules and growth factors. This review summarizes research trends in reprogramming cells using small molecules and growth factors, including their modes of action.
Effectiveness of the GumChucks flossing system compared to string floss for interdental plaque removal in children: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lin Joshua , Dinis Márcia , Tseng Chi-Hong , Agnello Melissa , He Xuesong , Silva Daniela R. , Tran Nini C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlossing, an important oral hygiene skill, is technique-sensitive and challenging for children with developing manual dexterity. GumChucks is a novel flossing device designed to assist children with proper flossing technique. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the GumChucks flossing device compared to string floss (SF). We conducted a randomized trial with 40 children aged 4–15 years at the UCLA Children’s Dental Center from January- April 2017. Participants were randomly assigned to either GumChucks or SF. Interdental plaque score (IPS) and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline and 4-week post-usage. Flossing speed and interdental plaque reduction were also determined immediately after first use. In addition, questionnaires were completed by children, parents and dentists. Overall, children flossed significantly faster (p < 0.001) and achieved greater IPS reduction after first use (47.0% vs. 26.8%) with GumChucks compared to SF. After 4-week post-usage, children ages 10–15 in the GumChucks group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in GI and IPS from baseline (p < 0.01) and greater efficacy in interdental plaque removal compared to the SF group (p < 0.01). Children ages 4–9 flossed more effectively (p < 0.01) with GumChucks after first use, but no significant IPS and GI improvement after 4-week post-usage. Children preferred GumChucks (92.5%) over SF, with a similar positive attitude reported by parents and dentists. GumChucks is an effective alternative interdental plaque removal aid that allows children to floss with greater speed and efficacy, with recommended parental supervision for children under age 10.
Clinical and radiographic analysis of unilateral versus bilateral instrumented one-level lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Fukushima Masayoshi , Oshima Yasushi , Yuzawa Yohei , Tanaka Sakae , Inanami Hirohiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a widely applied and useful procedure for spinal surgeries. However, posterior fixation has not yet been decided. We compared the radiographic and clinical outcomes of unilateral versus bilateral instrumented one-level LLIF for degenerative lumbar disease. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 100 patients, who underwent unilateral (group U) or bilateral (group B) instrumented one-level LLIF for degenerative lumbar disease. Forty-one patients in group U were undergoing unilateral pedicle screw instrumentation, and 59 patients in group B were undergoing bilateral pedicle screw instrumentation. Clinical characteristic and demographic data before surgery were compared. The intraoperative data, including operative time with changes in positions, intraoperative blood loss, and X-ray exposure time, as well as the perioperative data, including postoperative hospital stay and clinical and radiographic data were compared. As a result, Group U required a significantly shorter operating time than group B. The subsidence grade and fusion rates exhibited no significant differences in the postoperative radiographic evaluation. Group U had better results in clinical assessments than group B. However, group U required more additional surgeries owing to complications.
Field assessment of 4-hydroxycoumarin as an attractant for anthropophilic Anopheles spp. vectors of malaria in Madagascar
Authors: Andrianjafy Tovo Mbolatiana , Ramanandraibe Voahangy Vestalys , Andrianarijaona Elodie Toavina , Ramarosandratana Niry Hasinandrianina , Ravaomanarivo Lala Harivelo , Mavingui Patrick , Lemaire Marc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMosquito-borne diseases like malaria are a major public health problem in tropical countries, such as Madagascar. Female Anopheles mosquito vectors the human malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) and is important indicator in malaria surveillance activities. Among the various means of vector control in Madagascar, the use of attractants for mass trapping of target species could be an alternative to insecticides. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether 4-hydroxycoumarin can be used as an attractant for anthropophilic Anopheles spp. vectors of malaria. For this, a field study was conducted using CDC light traps in the village of Ambohidray, Madagascar. 16 days of trapping was conducted and four replicates nights were performed for each product tested. 4-hydroxycoumarin, octenol and two types of blend of these products were tested. The results showed that 4-hydroxycoumarin (2 mg) have a significant attractive effect on Anopheles spp. and significant selectivity towards Anopheles gambiae s.l, and Anopheles mascarensis which are both significant malaria vectors in Madagascar. A synergy of 4-hydroxycoumarin with octenol was found to attract these mosquito vectors. A significant decrease in vector populations was observed during this experiment. These results suggest that 4-hydroxycoumarin could be useful for malaria surveillance and the control of vector populations.
UV oxidation of cyclic AMP receptor protein, a global bacterial gene regulator, decreases DNA binding and cleaves DNA at specific sites
Authors: Leinisch Fabian , Mariotti Michele , Andersen Sofie Hagel , Lindemose Søren , Hägglund Per , Møllegaard Niels Erik , Davies Michael J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUV light is a widely-employed, and environmentally-sensitive bactericide but its mechanism of action is not fully defined. Proteins are major chromophores and targets for damage due to their abundance, but the role of proteins in inducing damage to bound DNA, and the effects on DNA-protein interactions is less well characterized. InE. coli(and other Gram-negative bacteria) the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP/CAP) regulates more than 500 genes. In this study we show that exposure of isolated dimeric CRP-cAMP to UV modifies specific Met, Trp, Tyr, and Pro side-chains, induces inter-protein Tyr63-Tyr41 cross-links, and decreases DNA binding via oxidation of Met114/Pro110 residues in close proximity at the CRP dimer interface. UV exposure also modifies DNA-bound cAMP-CRP, with this resulting in DNA cleavage at specific G/C residues within the sequence bound to CRP, but not at other G/C sites. Oxidation also increases CRP dissociation from DNA. The modifications at the CRP dimer interface, and the site-specific DNA strand cleavage are proposed to occur via oxidation of two species Met residues (Met114 and Met189, respectively) to reactive persulfoxides that damage neighbouring amino acids and DNA bases. These data suggest that modification to CRP, and bound DNA, contributes to UV sensitivity.
Comparing Groups of Independent Solvers and Transmission Chains as Methods for Collective Problem-Solving
Authors: Yahosseini Kyanoush Seyed , Moussaïd Mehdi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGroups can be very successful problem-solvers. This collective achievement crucially depends on how the group is structured, that is, how information flows between members and how individual contributions are merged. Numerous methods have been proposed, which can be divided into two major categories: those that involve an exchange of information between the group members, and those that do not. Here we compare two instances of such methods for solving multi-dimensional problems: (1) transmission chains, where individuals tackle the problem one after the other, each one building on the solution of the predecessor and (2) groups of independent solvers, where individuals tackle the problem independently, and the best solution found in the group is selected afterwards. By means of numerical simulations and experimental observations, we show that the best performing method is determined by the interplay between two key factors: the individual’s degrees of freedom as an aspect of skill and the complexity of the problem. We find that transmission chains are superior either when the problem is rather smooth, or when the group is composed of rather unskilled individuals with a low degree of freedom. On the contrary, groups of independent solvers are preferable for rugged problems or for groups of rather skillful individuals with a high degree of freedom. Finally, we deepen the comparison by studying the impact of the group size and diversity. Our research stresses that efficient collective problem-solving requires a good matching between the nature of the problem and the structure of the group.
Depths and limits of spontaneous categorization in a family dog
Authors: Fugazza Claudia , Miklósi Ádám 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCategorization has been tested in non-human animals after extensive training procedures under laboratory conditions and it is assumed that in non-primate species categorization relies on perceptual similarity. We report evidence of the ability to categorize objects in absence of specific training in a family dog with vocabulary knowledge of multiple toys, including exemplars of 4 categories. Our experimental design was devised to test categorization in absence of specific training and based on the spontaneously learned vocal labels of the categories, a condition that mirrors human studies more than previous experiments on non-human animals. We also observed that the dog’s categorization skills were more accurate when, prior to the categorization test, she was given the opportunity to play with the novel exemplars, suggesting that category representations arise not only from physical resemblance, but also from objects’ affordances (function).