bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers in their working environment during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chaudhary Farooq Ahmad , Ahmad Basaruddin , Ahmad Paras , Khalid Muhammad Danial , Butt Danial Qasim , Khan Soban Qadir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the oral healthcare workers’ concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness in COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out at 10 different dental hospitals in Pakistan from March to June 2020. A 35 items valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess the concerns, perceived impact, and preparedness of oral healthcare workers (OHCW) in COVID-19 pandemic. Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used for analysis.

Results
A total of 583 OHCW participated in this study. The odds of having the awareness about the risk of exposure and fear of getting infected, were greater in the clinical than non-clinical OHCW (OR: 52.6; OR: 15.9). For social network concerns, the clinical OHCW were more likely to be concerned about their colleagues (OR: 6.0). The clinical OHCW have greater odds of worrying about telling the family/friends about the risk exposed to (OR: 2.55), being avoided because of the job (OR: 3.20) and more likely to be feeling stressed (OR: 4.31). Less than 50% of the participants felt that their institutions are well prepared and only 12.6% had attended an infection control training session. Most participants practiced self-preparation such as buying masks and disinfection (94.3%, 98.3%).

Conclusion
The majority of OHCW felt concerned about their risk of exposure to infection and falling ill from exposure and infecting friends/family. There is a need for training of infection control and PPE and minimizing fear and psychological impact on OHCW should be the priority in any preparedness and planning for combating COVID-19.
Neuroinflammation and Tau Colocalize in vivo in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Malpetti Maura , Passamonti Luca , Rittman Timothy , Jones P. Simon , Vázquez Rodríguez Patricia , Bevan‐Jones W. Richard , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim D. , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , O'Brien John T. , Rowe James B. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveWe examined the relationship between tau pathology and neuroinflammation using [11C]PK11195 and [18F]AV‐1451 PET in 17 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) Richardson's syndrome. We tested the hypothesis that neuroinflammation and tau protein aggregation colocalize macroscopically, and correlate with clinical severity.MethodsNondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) for each ligand was quantified in 83 regions of interest (ROIs). The [11C]PK11195 and [18F]AV‐1451 BPND values were correlated across all regions. The spatial distributions of [11C]PK11195 and [18F]AV‐1451 binding were determined by principal component analyses (PCAs), and the loading of each spatial component compared against the patients’ clinical severity (using the PSP rating scale).ResultsRegional [11C]PK11195 and [18F]AV‐1451 binding were positively correlated (R = 0.577, p < 0.0001). The PCA identified 4 components for each ligand, reflecting the relative expression of tau pathology or neuroinflammation in distinct groups of brain regions. Positive associations between [11C]PK11195 and [18F]AV‐1451 components’ loadings were found in both subcortical (R = 0.769, p < 0.0001) and cortical regions (R = 0.836, p < 0.0001). There were positive correlations between clinical severity and both subcortical tau pathology (R = 0.667, p = 0.003) and neuroinflammation (R = 0.788, p < 0.001).InterpretationWe show that tau pathology and neuroinflammation colocalize in PSP, and that individual differences in subcortical tau pathology and neuroinflammation are linked to clinical severity. Although longitudinal studies are needed to determine causal associations between these molecular pathologies, we suggest that the combination of tau‐ and immune‐oriented strategies may be useful for effective disease‐modifying treatments in PSP. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:1194–1204
Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 predicts the functional outcome of stroke patients in convalescent rehabilitation ward
Authors: Nakamori Masahiro , Imamura Eiji , Tachiyama Keisuke , Kamimura Teppei , Hayashi Yuki , Matsushima Hayato , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Mizoue Tatsuya , Wakabayashi Shinichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPoststroke depression (PSD) negatively affects the functional outcome of stroke patients. Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) is a validated screening tool for detecting PSD. This study investigated the relationship between PHQ‐9 score and functional outcomes in stroke patients in a convalescent rehabilitation ward by evaluating functional independence measure (FIM) gain scores and the proportion of patients discharged.MethodsIn this retrospective study conducted from January 2017 to September 2019, consecutive stroke patients who were admitted to the convalescent rehabilitation ward and could answer PHQ‐9 were assessed. The association between PHQ‐9 scores at the time of admission to the convalescent rehabilitation ward and outcomes (FIM gain score and the proportion of patients discharged) was statistically analyzed.ResultsAmong the 215 patients enrolled in the study, 62 (28.8%) were assessed as having depression, in whom PHQ‐9 scores were 5 or above. Multivariate analysis revealed that the PHQ‐9 score on admission to the convalescent rehabilitation ward was a significant independent factor influencing the FIM gain score (p = .009). In addition, a multivariate analysis revealed that the PHQ‐9 score at the time of admission to the convalescent rehabilitation ward was a significant independent factor influencing the inability to discharge a patient (odds ratio 1.24, 95% confidence interval 1.12–1.39, p < .001).ConclusionsThe PHQ‐9 score is a useful tool for predicting patient functional outcome, admission to the facility, and screening for poststroke depression.
Intra‐arterial gas, a clue for diagnosis of peri‐aortic inflammation due to infection
Authors: Omura Daisuke , Ogata Masatoshi , Sakane Yoshio , Matsuo Ryuichi , Nakatsukasa Harushige , Hagiya Hideharu , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe have presented a case of Salmonella‐induced infective aortic aneurysm in which the presence of peri‐aortic gas was a clue for diagnosis. The disease is clinically infrequent but potentially has a high mortality rate. Clinicians should consider this fatal disease from any trivial findings.
A two‐step coordinated optimization model for a dewatering process
Authors: Zhang Hualu , Wang Fuli , He Dakuo , Zhao Luping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn actual production processes, the feed mass of a dewatering process is uncertain and a future production state cannot be predicted. This results in improper operation, a substandard production index, and a high energy economic index (EEI). To solve these problems, the authors propose a two‐step coordinated optimization model for the dewatering process based on production data. The prediction model of the dewatering process is first established using the data accumulated during production. A two‐step optimization model is then established to solve the problems existing in the dewatering process. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the EEI in the dewatering process, and the constraints are the ladder electricity price, operation safety, and production index. The genetic algorithm (GA) and gravitational search algorithm‐genetic algorithm (GSA‐GA) are used to solve the two‐step coordinated optimization model, and the computational time can meet the application demand. An offline simulation and a field application showed that the optimization model can be used to improve the production index and reduce the EEI, loss due to the filter cloth, and the frequency of abnormal production.
Restricted Percolation Critical Exponents in High Dimensions
Authors: Chatterjee Shirshendu , Hanson Jack 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite great progress in the study of critical percolation on ℤd for d large, properties of critical clusters in high‐dimensional fractional spaces and boxes remain poorly understood, unlike the situation in two dimensions. Closely related models such as critical branching random walk give natural conjectures for the value of the relevant high‐dimensional critical exponents; see in particular the conjecture by Kozma‐Nachmias that the probability that 0 and (n, n, n, …) are connected within [−n, n]d scales as n−2 − 2d.In this paper, we study the properties of critical clusters in high‐dimensional half‐spaces and boxes. In half‐spaces, we show that the probability of an open connection (“arm”) from 0 to the boundary of a sidelength n box scales as n−3. We also find the scaling of the half‐space two‐point function (the probability of an open connection between two vertices) and the tail of the cluster size distribution. In boxes, we obtain the scaling of the two‐point function between vertices which are any macroscopic distance away from the boundary. Our argument involves a new application of the “mass transport" principle which we expect will be useful to obtain quantitative estimates for a range of other problems. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Characterization of the key odorants in grilled mutton shashlik with or without suet brushing during grilling
Authors: Du Wenbin , Zhen Dawei , Wang Yutong , Cheng Jie , Xie Jianchun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGrilled mutton shashlik is highly preferred by Chinese consumers. In this study, the key odorants in grilled mutton shashlik prepared in the traditional Chinese way under open carbon fire with or without suet (mutton fat) brushing during grilling were identified. Solvent‐assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE), combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O), quantitation, recovery factor correction, and aroma recombination and omission were performed. In total, 57 odorants were identified, which predominantly included aliphatic aldehydes, sulphur‐containing compounds and pyrazines. In comparison, the suet‐brushed mutton shashlik had stronger fatty and sheep‐like odours due to higher levels of odorants generated via lipid degradation. However, the key odorants in both mutton shashlik with or without suet brushing during grilling were identified to be 3‐(methylthio)propanal, 2‐methyl‐3‐furanthiol, 2‐acetylthiazole, 2‐furfurylthiol, bis(2‐methyl‐3‐furyl)disulphide, 2‐acetylpyrazine, 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazine, 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐hydroxy‐3(2H)furanone, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, (E)‐2‐octenal, (E,Z)‐2,6‐nonadienal, octanal, (E)‐2‐nonenal, nonanal, 4‐methyloctanoic acid and 4‐methylphenol. Notably, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, which usually contributes significantly to cooked meat aroma, was excluded as a key odorant here. The results can help understand effect of fat on meat flavour and provide guidance for preparation of processed meat flavourings with the preferred flavour of grilled mutton shashlik.
Promotive effect of Talin‐1 protein on gastric cancer progression through PTK2‐PXN‐VCL‐E‐Cadherin‐CAPN2‐MAPK1 signaling axis
Authors: Yan Hongzhu , Guo Min , Zou Jue , Xiao Feng , Yi Lina , He Ying , He Bosheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveOur research group was aim to explore the molecular mechanism of Talin‐1 protein affecting gastric cancer progression through PTK2‐PXN‐VCL‐E‐Cadherin‐CAPN2‐MAPK1 signal axis.Methods12 cases of patients with gastric cancer in this hospital from 2018 to 2019 were collected. Immunohistochemistry assay and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of Talin‐1, PXN, E‐Cadherin, CAPN2, MAPK1 protein in gastric cancer tissue. Cell migration and invasion were measured by Transwell.ResultsThe results showed that the expression levels of protein Talin‐1, PXN and MAPK1 in gastric cancer tissues were significantly higher than that in normal tissue. The number of cell adhesion in the model group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. However, the cell adhesion number in ov‐TLN1 was the highest. Transwell results showed that TLN1 could accelerate the migration and invasion abilities of gastric cancer MKN‐45 cells. Moreover, Western blotting showed that protein Talin‐1, PXN, E‐Cadherin, CAPN2, MAPK1 in model group all increased compared with normal group.ConclusionIt indicated that talin‐1 protein influenced the development of gastric cancer through PTK2‐PXN‐VCL‐E‐Cadherin‐CAPN2‐MAPK1 signal axis.
Sequential design of experiments approach for the multiproduct analysis of cholesterol‐lowering drugs by ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Santana Igor Miranda , Jardim Isabel Cristina Sales Fontes , Breitkreitz Márcia Cristina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA multiproduct approach toward method development is presented for a fast and reliable analysis of the eight most important cholesterol‐lowering drugs via ultra‐high‐performance supercritical fluid chromatography. A two‐step approach based on design of experiments was applied: (1) selection of the stationary phase, organic modifier, and diluent in the mobile phase through a multilevel categorical design and (2) optimization of the elution strength by varying the pressure, temperature, and gradient using a central composite design. Finally, the flow rate was adjusted. The first design selected UPC2 Torus 1‐AA as the column, ethanol:water as the organic modifier, and acetonitrile:ethanol 3:2 v/v as the diluent. The results led to a pressure, column temperature, and gradient elution of 14.83 MPa, 42°C, and 5–15.5% of ethanol:water in CO2, respectively. The flow rate was set at 1.8 mL/min, providing a total analysis time of 4 min. This multiproduct method was validated and applied to 11 different commercial products available in the Brazilian market, and it was found to be accurate, with r > 0.990, recoveries between 95 and 105%, and precision not higher than 5.4%. Therefore, this method was shown to be a greener alternative for the analysis of these pharmaceuticals.
Comparative analysis of information measures of the Dirichlet and Neumann two‐dimensional quantum dots
Authors: Olendski O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalytic representation of both position and momentum waveforms of the two‐dimensional (2D) circular quantum dots with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions (BCs) allowed an efficient computation in either space of Shannon S, Rényi, and Tsallis T(α) entropies; Onicescu energies O; and Fisher information I. It is shown that a transition to the 2D geometry lifts the 1D degeneracy of the R(α) position components Sρ, Oρ, and Rρ(α). Among many other findings, it is established that the lower limit αTH of the semi‐infinite range of the dimensionless Rényi/Tsallis coefficient, where one‐parameter momentum entropies exist, is equal to 2/5 for the Dirichlet requirement and 2/3 for the Neumann one. As their 1D counterparts are 1/4 and 1/2, respectively, this simultaneously reveals that this critical value crucially depends not only on the position BC but the dimensionality of the structure too. As the 2D Neumann threshold is greater than one half, its Rényi uncertainty relation for the sum of the position and wave vector components is valid in the range [1/2, 2) only with its logarithmic divergence at the right edge, whereas for all other systems, it is defined at any coefficient α not smaller than one half. For both configurations, the lowest‐energy level at α = 1/2 does saturate Rényi and Tsallis entropic inequalities. Other properties are discussed and analyzed from mathematical and physical points of view.
Atomic and ionic polarizabilities of B, C, N, O, and F
Authors: Éhn Ladislav , Černušák Ivan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAccurate polarizabilities of atoms and molecules are critical in the treatment of optical and dielectric properties, in the modeling and interpretation of intermolecular interactions, in scattering processes, and in chemical reactivity. In this work we provide a systematic study of the atomic/ionic static dipole polarizabilities of the first‐row elements: B+, B, B−, C2+, C+, C, C−, N2+, N+, N, O2+, O+, O, O−, F2+, F+, F, and F−. We used the CCSD(T) method with a range of large correlation‐consistent basis sets augmented with a series of diffusion functions (x‐aug‐cc‐pVXZ). We discuss the trends in the dependence of dipole polarizability from the basis set size and/or number of diffuse functions and report the recommended values of average dipole polarizabilities for this series. The systematic survey of dipole polarizabilities for ions from boron to fluorine, including the extrapolation to complete basis set limit, is presented for the first time.
Ultra‐high‐resolution mapping of biocrusts with Unmanned Aerial Systems
Authors: Havrilla Caroline A. , Villarreal Miguel L. , DiBiase Jacob L. , Duniway Michael C. , Barger Nichole N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiological soil crusts (biocrusts) occur in drylands globally where they support ecosystem functioning by increasing soil stability, reducing dust emissions and modifying soil resource availability (e.g. water, nutrients). Determining biocrust condition and extent across landscapes continues to present considerable challenges to scientists and land managers. Biocrusts grow in patches, cover vast expanses of rugged terrain and are vulnerable to physical disturbance associated with ground‐based mapping techniques. As such, remote sensing offers promising opportunities to map and monitor biocrusts. While satellite‐based remote sensing has been used to detect biocrusts at relatively large spatial scales, few studies have used high‐resolution imagery from Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) to map fine‐scale patterns of biocrusts. We collected sub‐centimeter, true color 3‐band imagery at 10 plots in sagebrush and pinyon‐juniper woodland communities in a semiarid ecosystem in the southwestern US and used object‐based image analysis (OBIA) to segment and classify the imagery into maps of light and dark biocrusts, bare soil, rock and various vegetation covers. We used field data to validate the classifications and assessed the spatial distribution and configuration of different classes using fragmentation metrics. Map accuracies ranged from 46 to 77% (average 65%) and were higher in pinyon‐juniper (average 70%) versus sagebrush (average 60%) plots. Biocrust classes showed generally high accuracies at both pinyon‐juniper plots (average dark crust = 70%; light crust = 80%) and sagebrush plots (average dark crust = 69%; light crust = 77%). Point cloud density, sun elevation and spectral confusion between vegetation cover explained some differences in accuracy across plots. Spatial analyses of classified maps showed that biocrust patches in pinyon‐juniper plots were generally larger, more aggregated and contiguous than in sagebrush plots. Pinyon‐juniper plots also had greater patch richness and a lower Shannon evenness index than sagebrush plots, suggesting greater soil cover heterogeneity in this plant community type.
Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The systematic literature review
Authors: Streimikiene Dalia , Svagzdiene Biruta , Jasinskas Edmundas , Simanavicius Arturas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTourism is one of most perspective and dynamic businesses in the world. It is of great significance to plan and develop tourism purposefully and sustainably though the search for compromises between environmental, economic and social aims of society. The sustainable tourism development management has to retain high satisfaction degree of tourists' needs, assure significant experience for consumers, increasing their consciousness under issues of sustainability, and propagating practices of sustainable tourism among them. The significance of sustainable tourism sector development ambition is analysed in this paper through the lens of strengthening its competitiveness. The paper analyses scientific literature and seeks to discover the main forms and factors for the strengthening of the tourism competitiveness by implementing economic, social and environmental targets of tourism destination territories development. The broad systematic literature review provided for some interesting findings: The business participants are interested in the implementation of new technologies in tourism services having positive impact on environment and local communities; however, a lot of challenges exist how to change environment, increase of consumers' motivations for sustainable tourism services and to change their behaviour towards more sustainable one. The current Covid 19 outbreak and high risks of future pandemics have risen new challenges for sustainable tourism development. In this paper the main sustainable tourist development challenges are addressed and new insights for the strengthening of competitiveness of sustainable tourism destination are provided. The future research guidelines are set based on analysis performed.Highlights
The systematic review of literature on sustainable tourism
The trade‐off between sustainability and competitiveness
The main challenges of sustainable tourist development
New insights for the strengthening of competitiveness of sustainable tourism
The future research guidelines are set based on analysis performed
Analysis of type I and II error rates of Bayesian and frequentist parametric and nonparametric two-sample hypothesis tests under preliminary assessment of normality
Authors: Kelter Riko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTesting for differences between two groups is among the most frequently carried out statistical methods in empirical research. The traditional frequentist approach is to make use of null hypothesis significance tests which usepvalues to reject a null hypothesis. Recently, a lot of research has emerged which proposes Bayesian versions of the most common parametric and nonparametric frequentist two-sample tests. These proposals include Student’s two-sample t-test and its nonparametric counterpart, the Mann–Whitney U test. In this paper, the underlying assumptions, models and their implications for practical research of recently proposed Bayesian two-sample tests are explored and contrasted with the frequentist solutions. An extensive simulation study is provided, the results of which demonstrate that the proposed Bayesian tests achieve better type I error control at slightly increased type II error rates. These results are important, because balancing the type I and II errors is a crucial goal in a variety of research, and shifting towards the Bayesian two-sample tests while simultaneously increasing the sample size yields smaller type I error rates. What is more, the results highlight that the differences in type II error rates between frequentist and Bayesian two-sample tests depend on the magnitude of the underlying effect.