bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Usability of a Virtual Reality-Based Filler Injection Training System
Authors: Oh Seung Min , Kim Ju Young , Han Seungho , Lee Won , Kim Il , Hong Giwoong , Oh Wook , Moon Hyungjin , Seo Changmin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
As filler procedures have increased in popularity, serious injection-related complications (e.g., blindness and stroke) have also increased in number. Proper and effective training is important for filler procedure safety; however, limitations exist in traditional training methods (i.e. anatomical illustrations and cadaver studies). We aimed to describe the development process and evaluate the usability of a virtual reality (VR)-based aesthetic filler injection training system.

Materials and Methods
We developed the virtual reality hardware for the training system and a short guide, with a lecture regarding safe filler injection techniques. One hundred clinicians who attended a conference tested the training system. Participants completed system usability scale (SUS) and satisfaction questionnaires.

Results
Nearly half of the participants were aged 35–50 years, and 38% had more than 5 years of aesthetic experience. The mean SUS score was 59.8 (standard deviation, 12.23), with no significant differences among the evaluated subgroups. Approximately 76% of participants provided SUS scores of more than 51, indicating acceptable usability. Participants aged 35–50 years were more likely to rate the system as having poor usability than were those aged < 35 years (odds ratio = 5.20, 95% confidence interval: 1.35–20.08).

Conclusions
This study was the first to develop and explore the usability of a VR-based filler training system. Nearly three-fourths of participants indicated that the training system has an acceptable level of usability. However, assessments in precise target audiences and more detailed usability information are necessary to further refine the training system.

Level of evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Subbrow Lift Using Frontalis Sling to Correct Lateral Orbital Laxity
Authors: Kim Hong Seok , Kim Kenneth K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
In order to correct upper lid laxity, upper blepharoplasty, subbrow excision, and forehead lift have been utilized. Our newly developed subbrow excision attaches the orbicularis oculi muscle to the frontalis muscle. This improves the longevity of the result without inhibiting the gliding plane of the periorbita.

Method
From January 2016 to July 2018, 564 patients were operated on using this technique. Among them, 41 were male and 523 were female with the average age of 59.5 years. The average size of the subbrow excision was 55 mm × 8 mm. From the upper skin incision site, the upper dissection proceeded cephalad in the subcutaneous plane just above the orbicularis oculi muscle to the point where the frontalis muscle was seen. The lower flap was created by incising the orbicularis oculi muscle 5 mm cephalad to the distal skin incision. From this 5-mm orbicularis muscle stump, the dissection proceeded caudally in a plane between the orbicularis muscle and the orbital septum. Once this flap was created, the 5-mm muscle stump was attached to the exposed frontalis muscle in a horizontal mattress fashion in three areas. The skin incision was then closed. Three months after the operation, a satisfaction survey was conducted using the Likert scale.

Results
The patients were followed postoperatively for at least 6 months. In all but two cases, the orbital laxity improved. However, in the brow’s lateral third where the frontalis muscle does not exist, a slight lowering of the brow had occurred. The incision healed well without any keloid or hypertrophic scars. There were no significant complications such as superior orbital nerve entrapment-related sensory problems.

Conclusions
Subbrow lift utilizing the frontalis muscle attachment to the lower flap orbicularis muscle is a novel method of correcting upper eyelid skin hooding. The technique does not rely on periosteal fixation. Therefore, the eyebrow gliding plane is not violated. Thus, the natural eyebrow movement is maintained. There were no cases of injury to the deep branch of the supraorbital nerve, poor wound healing, or other significant complications.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Ecophysiology and ecological limits of symbiotrophic vesicomyid bivalves (Pliocardiinae) in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Linse Katrin , Sigwart Julia D. , Chen Chong , Krylova Elena M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeothermal energy provides an important resource in Antarctic marine ecosystems, exemplified by the recent discovery of large-sized chemosymbiotic vesicomyid bivalves (subfamily Pliocardiinae) in the Southern Ocean. These clams, which we identified as Archivesica s.l. puertodeseadoi, have been reported as dead shells in areas previously covered by Larsen A and B ice shelves (eastern Antarctic Peninsula) and as live animals from active hydrothermal sites in the Kemp Caldera (South Sandwich Arc) at depths of 852–1487 m. Before, A. puertodeseadoi was known only from its type locality in the Argentine Sea, so we considerably extend the range of the species. Observations taken by remotely operated vehicle (ROV) footage show that the clams can live buried in sediment, or epilithically on the surface of rocks in diffuse geothermal flow. Experimental respirometry was conducted at surface pressure on individual bivalves acclimated to either their habitat temperature (4 °C) or elevated temperature (10 °C). The range of standard metabolic rates, from 3.13 to 6.59 (MO2, μmol O2 h−1 g−1 dry tissue mass), is similar to rates measured ex situ for other species in this clade, and rates did not differ significantly between temperature groups. Taken together, these data indicate a range of ecophysiological flexibility for A. puertodeseadoi. Although adapted to a specialist mode of life, this bivalve exploits a relatively broad range of habitats in the Southern Ocean: within sulphidic sediments, epilithically in the presence of diffuse sulphidic flow, or in deep methane-enriched seawater trapped under ice.
A temperature model for laser lithotripsy
Authors: Williams J. G. , Goldsmith L. , Moulton D. E. , Waters S. L. , Turney B. W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
To derive and validate a mathematical model to predict laser-induced temperature changes in a kidney during kidney stone treatment.

Methods
A simplified mathematical model to predict temperature change in the kidney for any given renal volume, irrigation flow rate, irrigation fluid temperature, and laser power was derived. We validated our model with matched in vitro experiments.

Results
Excellent agreement between the mathematical model predictions and laboratory data was obtained.

Conclusion
The model obviates the need for repeated experimental validation. The model predicts scenarios where risk of renal tissue damage is high. With real-time knowledge of flow rate, irrigating fluid temperature and laser usage, safety warning levels could be predicted. Meanwhile, clinicians should be aware of the potential risk from thermal injury and take measures to reduce the risk, such as using room temperature irrigation fluid and judicious laser use.
AutoBiomes: procedural generation of multi-biome landscapes
Authors: Fischer Roland , Dittmann Philipp , Weller René , Zachmann Gabriel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvances in computer technology and increasing usage of computer graphics in a broad field of applications lead to rapidly rising demands regarding size and detail of virtual landscapes. Manually creating huge, realistic looking terrains and populating them densely with assets is an expensive and laborious task. In consequence, (semi-)automatic procedural terrain generation is a popular method to reduce the amount of manual work. However, such methods are usually highly specialized for certain terrain types and especially the procedural generation of landscapes composed of different biomes is a scarcely explored topic. We present a novel system, called AutoBiomes, which is capable of efficiently creating vast terrains with plausible biome distributions and therefore different spatial characteristics. The main idea is to combine several synthetic procedural terrain generation techniques with digital elevation models (DEMs) and a simplified climate simulation. Moreover, we include an easy-to-use asset placement component which creates complex multi-object distributions. Our system relies on a pipeline approach with a major focus on usability. Our results show that our system allows the fast creation of realistic looking terrains.
Lesion stage-dependent causes for impaired remyelination in MS
Authors: Heß Katharina , Starost Laura , Kieran Nicholas W. , Thomas Christian , Vincenten Maria C. J. , Antel Jack , Martino Gianvito , Huitinga Inge , Healy Luke , Kuhlmann Tanja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease and a leading cause for disability in young adults. Despite significant advances in immunotherapies in recent years, disease progression still cannot be prevented. Remyelination, meaning the formation of new myelin sheaths after a demyelinating event, can fail in MS lesions. Impaired differentiation of progenitor cells into myelinating oligodendrocytes may contribute to remyelination failure and, therefore, the development of pharmacological approaches which promote oligodendroglial differentiation and by that remyelination, represents a promising new treatment approach. However, this generally accepted concept has been challenged recently. To further understand mechanisms contributing to remyelination failure in MS, we combined detailed histological analyses assessing oligodendroglial cell numbers, presence of remyelination as well as the inflammatory environment in different MS lesion types in white matter with in vitro experiments using induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived oligodendrocytes (hiOL) and supernatants from polarized human microglia. Our findings suggest that there are multiple reasons for remyelination failure in MS which are dependent on lesion stage. These include lack of myelin sheath formation despite the presence of mature oligodendrocytes in a subset of active lesions as well as oligodendroglial loss and a hostile tissue environment in mixed active/inactive lesions. Therefore, we conclude that better in vivo and in vitro models which mimic the pathological hallmarks of the different MS lesion types are required for the successful development of remyelination promoting drugs.
Postoperative management of antithrombotic medication in microvascular head and neck reconstruction: a comparative analysis of unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin
Authors: Sievert Matti , Goncalves Miguel , Tamse Rosalie , Mueller Sarina K. , Koch Michael , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Iro Heinrich , Scherl Claudia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Free flap reconstruction is a valuable technique to preserve function in oncological head and neck surgery. Postoperative graft thrombosis is a dreaded risk. This study aims to compare low-dose unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 266 free flaps performed at our academic center. A comparison was made between 2 patient groups, based on their respective postoperative prophylaxis protocols either with UFH (n = 87) or LMWH (n = 179). Primary endpoints were the frequency of transplant thrombosis and the number of flap failures. Secondary endpoints were the occurrence of peri- and postoperative complications.

Results
The flap survival rate was 96.6% and 93.3% for the groups UFH and LMWH, respectively (P = 0.280). The rate of postoperative bleeding requiring revision was 4.6% and 6.7% for each group, respectively (P = 0.498). We found a hematoma formation in 4.6% and 3.9% (P = 0.792).

Conclusion
The free-flap survival rate using low-dose UFH seems to be equivalent to LMWH regimens without compromising the postoperative outcome. Consequently, for risk-adapted thrombosis prophylaxis, either LMWH or UFH can be administrated.
Cortical activation abnormalities in bipolar and schizophrenia patients in a combined oddball–incongruence paradigm
Authors: Rauer Lisa , Trost Sarah , Petrovic Aleksandra , Gruber Oliver 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia often suffer from severe cognitive impairment even during times of remission. This study investigated the pathomechanisms underlying their deficits in cognitive control. A combined oddball–incongruence fMRI task was applied to examine similarities and differences of neural activation patterns between patients and healthy controls. Bipolar and schizophrenia patients demonstrated hyperactivations in the intraparietal cortex during the oddball condition. Furthermore, bipolar patients revealed diagnosis-specific hyperactivation in the left middle frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, anteroventral prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex regions compared to schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals. In comparison to healthy controls the patients showed hypoactivations in the inferior frontal junction and ventral pathway during the cognitively more demanding incongruence. Taken together, bipolar patients seem to recruit frontal and parietal areas during the oddball condition to compensate for potential deficits in their attentional network. During more challenging tasks, i.e., the incongruence condition, their compensatory mechanisms seem to collapse leading to hypoactivations in the same frontal areas as well as the ventral pathway.
A systematic concept analysis of ‘technology dependent’: challenging the terminology
Authors: Brenner Maria , Alexander Denise , Quirke Mary Brigid , Eustace-Cook Jessica , Leroy Piet , Berry Jay , Healy Martina , Doyle Carmel , Masterson Kate 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are an increasing number of children who are dependent on medical technology to sustain their lives. Although significant research on this issue is taking place, the terminology used is variable and the concept of technology dependence is ill-defined. A systematic concept analysis was conducted examining the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of technology dependent, as portrayed in the literature. We found that this concept refers to a wide range of clinical technology to support biological functioning across a dependency continuum, for a range of clinical conditions. It is commonly initiated within a complex biopsychosocial context and has wide ranging sequelae for the child and family, and health and social care delivery.Conclusion: The term technology dependent is increasingly redundant. It objectifies a heterogenous group of children who are assisted by a myriad of technology and who adapt to, and function with, this assistance in numerous ways.What is Known:•There are an increasing number of children who require medical technology to sustain their life, commonly referred to as technology dependent. This concept analysis critically analyses the relevance of the term technology dependent which is in use for over 30 years.What is New:•Technology dependency refers to a wide range of clinical technology to support biological functioning across a dependency continuum, for a range of clinical conditions. It is commonly initiated within a complex biopsychosocial context and has wide-ranging sequelae for the child and family, and health and social care delivery.•The paper shows that the term technology dependent is generally portrayed in the literature in a problem-focused manner.•This term is increasingly redundant and does not serve the heterogenous group of children who are assisted by a myriad of technology and who adapt to, and function with, this assistance in numerous ways. More appropriate child-centred terminology will be determined within the TechChild project.
Bilateral double beta peaks in a PD patient with STN electrodes
Authors: Koeglsperger Thomas , Mehrkens Jan H. , Bötzel Kai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSubthalamic local field potentials in the beta band are considered as potential biomarkers for closed-loop deep brain stimulation. To investigate the subthalamic beta band peak amplitudes in a Parkinson’s disease patient over an extended period of time by using a novel and commercially available neurostimulator with permanent sensing capability. We recorded local field potentials of the subthalamic nucleus using the Medtronic Percept™ implantable neurostimulator at rest and during physical activity (gait) with and in response to deep brain stimulation. We found a double-peaked beta activity on both sides. Increasing stimulation and physical activity resulted in a decreased beta band amplitude, but was accompanied by the appearance of a second, and previously unrecognized peak at 13 Hz in the right hemisphere. Our results will support the investigation of distinct different peaks in the beta band and their relevance and usefulness as closed-loop biomarkers.
Physical stratigraphy and geotechnical properties controlling the local seismic response in explosive volcanic settings: the Stracciacappa maar (central Italy)
Authors: Moscatelli M. , Vignaroli G. , Pagliaroli A. , Razzano R. , Avalle A. , Gaudiosi I. , Giallini S. , Mancini M. , Simionato M. , Sirianni P. , Sottili G. , Bellanova J. , Calamita G. , Perrone A. , Piscitelli S. , Lanzo G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNowadays, policies addressed to prevention and mitigation of seismic risk need a consolidated methodology finalised to the assessment of local seismic response in explosive volcanic settings. The quantitative reconstruction of the subsoil model provides a key instrument to understand how the geometry and the internal architecture of outcropping and buried geological units have influence on the propagation of seismic waves. On this regard, we present a multidisciplinary approach in the test area of the Stracciacappa maar (Sabatini Volcanic District, central Italy), with the aim to reconstruct its physical stratigraphy and to discuss how subsoil heterogeneities control the 1D and 2D local seismic response in such a volcanic setting. We first introduce a new multidisciplinary dataset, including geological (fieldwork and log from a 45-m-thick continuous coring borehole), geophysical (electrical resistivity tomographies, single station noise measurements, and 2D passive seismic arrays), and geotechnical (simple shear tests performed on undisturbed samples) approaches. Then, we reconstruct the subsoil model for the Stracciacappa maar in terms of vertical setting and distribution of its mechanical lithotypes, which we investigate for 1D and 2D finite element site response analyses through the application of two different seismic scenarios: a volcanic event and a tectonic event. The numerical modelling documents a significant ground motion amplification (in the 1–1.5 Hz range) revealed for both seismic scenarios, with a maximum within the centre of the maar. The ground motion amplification is related to both 1D and 2D phenomena including lithological heterogeneity within the upper part of the maar section and interaction of direct S-waves with Rayleigh waves generated at edges of the most superficial lithotypes. Finally, we use these insights to associate the expected distribution of ground motion amplification with the physical stratigraphy of an explosive volcanic setting, with insights for seismic microzonation studies and local seismic response assessment in populated environments.
Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and other Mitis streptococci: importance of molecular methods
Authors: Sadowy Ewa , Hryniewicz Waleria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Mitis group of streptococci includes an important human pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and about 20 other related species with much lower pathogenicity. In clinical practice, some representatives of these species, especially Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae and Streptococcus mitis, are sometimes mistaken for S. pneumoniae based on the results of classical microbiological methods, such as optochin susceptibility and bile solubility. Several various molecular approaches that address the issue of correct identification of pneumococci and other Mitis streptococci have been proposed and are discussed in this review, including PCR- and gene sequencing-based tests as well as new developments in the genomic field that represents an important advance in our understanding of relationships within the Mitis group.
Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of the BioProsthetic Valves with Atrial Fibrillation (BPV-AF) Study
Authors: Furukawa Yutaka , Miyake Makoto , Fujita Tomoyuki , Koyama Tadaaki , Takegami Misa , Kimura Tetsuya , Sugio Kumiko , Takita Atsushi , Nishimura Kunihiro , Izumi Chisato ,   for the BPV-AF Registry group
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To date, clinical data on real-world treatment practices in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after bioprosthetic valve (BPV) replacement are needed. We conducted a large-scale, prospective, multicenter study to understand the actual usage of antithrombotic therapy and the incidence of thromboembolic and bleeding events in these patients, and to eliminate the clinical data gap between Japan and Western countries.

Methods
This was an observational study, in patients who had undergone BPV replacement and had a confirmed diagnosis of AF, with no mandated interventions. We report the baseline demographic and clinical data for the 899 evaluable patients at the end of the enrollment period.

Results
Overall, 45.7% of patients were male; the mean age was 80.3 years; AF was paroxysmal, persistent, or permanent in 36.9%, 34.6%, and 28.5% of patients, respectively. Mean risk scores for stroke and bleeding were 2.5 (CHADS2), 4.1 (CHA2DS2-VASc), and 2.5 (HAS-BLED). Many patients (76.2%) had comorbid hypertension and 54.8% had heart failure. Most BPVs (65.5%) were positioned in the aortic valve. Warfarin-based therapy, direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC)-based therapy, and antiplatelet therapy (without warfarin and DOAC) were administered to 55.0%, 29.3%, and 9.7% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion
Patients enrolled into this study are typical of the wider Japanese AF/BPV population in terms of age and clinical history. Future data accruing from the observational period will contribute to future treatment recommendations and guide therapeutic decisions in patients with BPV and AF.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: UMIN000034485