bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear feed‐forward memory‐less model to fast prediction of threshold voltage in junction‐less double‐gate MOSFETs
Authors: Annabestani Mohsen , Nasserian Mahshid , Hasanzadeh Fatemeh , Taherzadeh‐Sani Mohammad , Hassanzadeh Alireza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDecreasing Drain‐Induced‐Barrier‐Lowering (DIBL) is one of the nondesirable short‐channel effects, causes the threshold voltage of the transistor to be reduced by increasing the drain voltage. DIBL makes it impossible for engineers to consider VT as a constant, and it is necessary to calculate VT as a function of the drain voltage. Therefore, to consider the DIBL effect in the design of ICs, a large computational burden is imposed on the system, which slows down the simulation process in circuit‐level simulators. Accordingly, a Nonlinear Feed‐Forward Memory‐Less (NFFML) model using the Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization approach is proposed, which calculates the VT of the new generation of MOSFETs, that is, Junctionless Double‐Gate MOSFETs (JL‐DG‐MOSFETs), with high precision and a significant speed‐up in the computation of the model. It is shown that the proposed numerical method is 313 times faster than the state‐of‐the‐art analytical model. The normalized MSE is 0.435% on average, showing that the proposed approach can be a fast and accurate candidate for replacing the analytical modeling.
Kriging metamodels and design re‐utilization for fast parameter tuning of antenna structures
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Pietrenko‐Dabrowska Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe paper addresses the problem of computationally efficient electromagnetic (EM)‐driven design closure of antenna structures. The foundations of the presented approach are fast kriging interpolation metamodels, utilized for two purposes: (a) producing a good starting point for further parameter tuning, and (b) yielding a reasonable Jacobian matrix estimate to jump‐start the optimization procedure. The models are rendered using available designs, for example, obtained from the previous design work with the same antenna structure. The low cost of design closure is ensured by employing Broyden‐based trust‐region gradient search along with the aforementioned Jacobian initialization. Our methodology is demonstrated using two planar antennas, a dual‐band uniplanar dipole and a quasi‐Yagi with a parabolic reflector, both optimized within wide ranges of operating conditions (center frequencies, the dielectric permittivity of the antenna substrate). The re‐design process requires only a handful of EM analyses of the respective structure. The presented framework can be viewed as a convenient algorithmic tool that capitalizes on the existing information on the structure at hand to enable warm‐start parameter tuning.
Soil temperature change and its regional differences under different vegetation regions across China
Authors: Wang Xiqiang , Chen Rensheng , Han Chuntan , Yang Yong , Liu Junfeng , Liu Zhangwen , Guo Shuhai , Song Yaoxuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChanges in soil temperature will exert an important influence on the management and utilization of vegetation and agricultural production, whereas the spatiotemporal variations in soil temperature under different vegetation regions across China remain largely unknown. The shallow soil temperatures (0–20 cm) during the growing season (May–September) from 1965 to 2014 across China were analysed, and the findings showed that the spatial distribution of shallow soil temperature was determined primarily by latitude in eastern China (east of 110°E), and by altitude in western China (west of 110°E) with some high (low) temperature centres. The vegetation regions with relatively low soil temperatures are mainly concentrated in high altitude and high latitude areas, which have relatively large differences in soil temperature at different depths and relatively high soil warming rates. Over the past 50 years, shallow soil temperatures increased greatly during the growing season at the site, vegetation region and nation scales, but the warming rate and its relationship with climate change varied greatly. The soil temperature variables were affected substantially by air temperature and precipitation in the subtropical forest and tropical forest regions but were affected primarily by air temperature in the other vegetation regions. This difference may be due to the spatial difference in precipitation amounts across China, which affected the soil temperature via soil moisture feedback. Further study indicated that the warming rate in shallow soil was higher in stations (vegetation regions) with less precipitation than in those with more precipitation.
Four Text‐Mining Methods for Measuring Elaboration
Authors: Dumas Denis , Organisciak Peter , Maio Shannon , Doherty Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen individuals engage in divergent thinking, they vary on their Elaboration, or the degree to which they explain and embellish their responses. Although Elaboration has been considered relevant to creativity research for decades, its measurement has remained under‐developed. Here, we leverage technical and methodological perspectives from the text‐mining literature to posit four methods for quantifying elaboration: Unweighted Word Count, Stoplisted Inclusion, Part of Speech Inclusion, and Inverse Frequency Weighting. Although the Unweighted Word Count method is becoming typical in the field, more complex weighting methods appear to better fit the conceptualization of Elaboration. We explain the benefits of each of the included methods and demonstrate their application to responses from the Alternate Uses Task: showing that all four of these text‐mining methods produced Elaboration scores with high levels of reliability, but the Stoplisted Inclusion method appeared to maximize the score validity both in terms of criteria correlations and power to discriminate among creative experts and non‐experts. We offer an open‐access module for creativity researchers to apply these methods to their own data via our laboratory website [https://openscoring.du.edu/].
Validation in a Brazilian population of gene markers of periodontitis previously investigated by GWAS and bioinformatic studies
Authors: Cirelli Thamiris , Nepomuceno Rafael , Orrico Silvana R. P. , Rossa Carlos , Cirelli Joni A. , North Kari E. , Graff Mariaelisa , Barros Silvana P. , Scarel‐Caminaga Raquel M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundBioinformatic tools and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have led to comprehensive identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with periodontitis in diverse populations. Here we aimed to detect and validate the association of seven SNPs as genetic markers of susceptibility to periodontitis in a Brazilian population.MethodsThis case‐control study assessed complete periodontal parameters of 714 subjects with periodontal status classified as healthy/mild periodontitis (n = 356) and moderate/severe periodontitis (n = 358). Genotyping for rs187238, rs352140, rs1360573, rs2521634, rs3811046, rs3826782, and rs7762544 SNPs were evaluated. Genetic‐phenotype associations, and sex or smoking effects of SNPs on periodontitis were tested using multiple logistic regressions adjusted for covariates.ResultsThe rs2521634‐AA (close to NPY gene) presented increased risk for severe periodontitis (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.19–4.59). The rs3811046‐GG (IL37 gene) demonstrated increased risk for moderate periodontitis (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.28–5.18). Higher risk for moderate periodontitis was found in male with rs7762544‐AG close to NCR2 gene. The rs352140‐TT in the TLR9 gene proved to be associated with lower risk to severe periodontitis in men. The rs2521634‐AA was associated with higher percentage of interproximal probing pocket depth (P = .004).ConclusionsThis is the first evidence of validation in a Brazilian population of genetic markers of periodontitis previously investigated by GWAS and bioinformatics studies. SNPs in the NPY, IL37, and NCR2 genes were associated with susceptibility to moderate or severe periodontitis; whereas the TLR9 marker was associated with lower chance to develop severe periodontitis. Those SNPs had sex‐ and smoking‐habit‐specific effects on periodontitis; reinforcing the genetic profile predisposing to periodontitis.
Mobilizing farmers to stop land degradation: A different discourse from Burundi
Authors: Kessler Aad , van Reemst Laurie , Beun Micael , Slingerland Erik , Pol Laura , De Winne Ruben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStopping land degradation is one of the biggest challenges worldwide and particularly in Burundi, with its unprecedented rates of soil loss and growing food insecurity. This article proposes a different discourse on how to engage people in stopping land degradation, and presents results and lessons learned from a bottom‐up inclusive approach implemented since 2014 in Burundi: the integrated farm planning (PIP) approach. The PIP approach aims to build a solid foundation for sustainable change toward enhanced food production and good land stewardship, based on three foundation principles (motivation, stewardship, and resilience) and three guiding principles (empowerment, integration, and collaboration). This article is based on two studies undertaken in 2018: an impact study among 202 households and a qualitative study using the most significant change methodology with 30 households. Findings from both studies provide initial support that the PIP approach generates considerable changes at household, farm, and village level. Based on a vision and a plan for their farm, motivated PIP households are currently investing in the resilience of their farms and applying a diversity of conservation practices, while in all PIP villages concrete collective action is undertaken for sustainable land stewardship. Given its rapid upscaling in Burundi and the potential of the PIP approach to mobilize farmers for motivated action, the article concludes with a reflection on the core elements of a different discourse to stop land degradation.
Lineage diversity and gene introgression in freshwater cladoceran crustaceans of the Chydorus sphaericus species complex
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Ni Yijun , Hu Wei , Yin Mingbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the genetic diversity and phylogeography of aquatic invertebrate zooplankton in the Eastern Palearctic, yet these topics remain largely unexplored in China. Here, we investigated the lineage diversity and phylogeography of an important cladoceran taxon, the Chydorus sphaericus (Crustacea: Cladocera) species complex, which is common in various aquatic habitats. We found populations of this species complex in 30 of 154 waterbodies across China. Analysis of DNA sequences from a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene placed these populations in three lineages, one of them not previously recognized. There was a clear geographical separation of C. sphaericus lineages: lineage A2‐1 was the only lineage detected on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, whereas lineages A3‐1 and A3‐2 were present elsewhere in China. Several lineages (and even individual haplotypes) were widespread in Eurasia, suggesting an ability to disperse over long distances. Phylogenies based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer fragments (both ITS‐1 and ITS‐2) recognized two distinct C. sphaericus clades in China. Interestingly, one specimen possessing mtDNA of lineage A3‐2 was found unexpectedly to have an ITS‐1 allele normally associated with mitochondrial lineage A2‐1, and ITS‐2 alleles consistent with this. This discordance between mtDNA and nuclear phylogenies is indicative of interspecific hybridization and gene introgression between different members of the species complex. This study contributes to an understanding of the genetic diversity of the C. sphaericus species complex in a Eurasian context.
Massive silicon utilization facilitated by a benthic‐pelagic coupled feedback sustains deep‐sea sponge aggregations
Authors: Maldonado Manuel , Beazley Lindsay , López‐Acosta María , Kenchington Ellen , Casault Benoit , Hanz Ulrike , Mienis Furu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiogeochemical cycling of silicon (Si), largely affected by biological drivers, is pivotal to the ecological functioning of the ocean. Most knowledge regarding biological utilization of Si derives from research on phototrophic organisms circumscribed to the photic ocean (i.e., diatoms). Utilization of Si in the aphotic ocean, where heterotrophic silicifiers become relevant Si users, remains poorly investigated. Here we quantify the flux rates and stocks characterizing Si cycling across dense aggregations of the hexactinellid sponge Vazella pourtalesii established in the aphotic zone of the central Scotian Shelf, Nova Scotia, Canada. Although individual rates of silicic acid consumption were low compared to other sponge species and diatoms, the large abundance of individuals (6.5 million) over the extension of these sponge grounds (2105 km2) leads to massive annual silicic acid consumption, invested in producing their siliceous skeletons of biogenic silica. This sponge activity accumulates large biogenic silica stocks both in the living population and in the sediments. Skeletal pieces in sediment revealed that a good portion of biogenic silica deposited to the bottom after sponge death recycles as silicic acid before being permanently buried. This biogenic silica–silicic acid turnover, facilitated by an unconventional silicification pattern that favors delamination and dissolution of V. pourtalesii spicules, causes silicic acid enrichment at oceanographic dimensions in the bottom water of the central Scotian Shelf. Silicic acid efflux from the bottom sustains a feedback mechanism that fulfills sponge needs for silicic acid and facilitates the persistence of sponge aggregations in the long term.
Design and Synthesis of Core–Shell Microgels with One‐Step Clickable Crosslinked Cores and Ultralow Crosslinked Shells
Authors: Islam Molla R. , Nguy Chelsey , Pandit Sanika , Lyon Louis Andrew 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study is conducted to explore the engineering of core–shell microgels such that the core can be rapidly labeled with a variety of fluorophores, while the shell retains the softness needed in specific biomedical applications. Azide containing crosslinked core particles based on a crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) particle, using a one‐pot, multistep polymerization is synthesized. A core–shell microgel is then synthesized by growing a crosslinker‐free poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐acrylic acid (ULC10AAc) shell through a two‐step seed and feed polymerization. A simple “click” reaction between the azide present on the core and dibenzocyclooctyne containing fluorophores to make dyed core–shell microgels is further demonstrated. This approach toward dyed core–shell microgels eliminates the difficulty of crossreactivity between shell‐localized chemoligation sites and the core‐localized functionalities. The use of strained‐ring systems to achieve the click reaction eliminates the use of cytotoxic catalysts common in traditional click chemistry. This approach allows not only to label the microgel core with different fluorophores but also to synthesize multiprobe core–shell microgel by simultaneously labeling a microgel core with multiple different fluorophores.
Failure of Stretchable Organic Solar Cells under Monotonic and Cyclic Loading
Authors: Oyewole Oluwaseun , Oyewole Deborah , Oyelade Omolara , Adeniji Sharafadeen , Koech Richard , Asare Joseph , Agyei‐Tuffour Benjamin , Soboyejo Winston 
Published: September 2020

AbstractResults of experimental and computational studies of failure of stretchable organic solar cells (SOSCs) are presented here. The SOSCs are produced by the deposition of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) anodic layers on prestretched poly(dimethyl‐siloxane) (PDMS) substrates. This is followed by the deposition of active organic bulk heterojunction layers and cathodic eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn). Wrinkled structures are then formed by releasing the prestretched PDMS. The underlying failure associated with the formation of the wrinkled films is discussed, along with the subsequent mechanisms of deformation and cracking under monotonic and cyclic loading. Effects of monotonic and cyclic loading on the optical transmittance of the PEDOT:PSS layer and photoconversion efficiencies of the multilayered SOSC structures are also examined. An increase in the transmittance is observed as strain is applied to flatten the wrinkled structures. This enhances the power conversion efficiencies of the SOSCs as the strains increase from 0% to 32%. However, beyond this initial strain regime, the onset of overstretching decreases the optical transmittance and photoconversion efficiencies. The fatigue lifetimes of the layered SOSCs also decrease with increasing fatigue strain ranges between 10% and 25%. The decrease in the fatigue lifetimes is associated with a higher incidence of cracking and delamination.
The Spectrum of Repetitive Behaviors Associated With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Pandey Sanjay , Shukla Tanvi , Mishra Anumeha 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundRepetitive behaviors refer to a broad class of responses ranging from stereotypic body movements to impulsive/compulsive behaviors. They may be associated with neurological disorders.MethodsThis is a case series of six subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients who presented with a wide spectrum of repetitive motor behaviors and vocalizations.ResultsRepetitive motor behaviors involved the upper limbs in all patients and lower limbs in 3 patients. The repetitive movements in the upper limbs were clapping, finger‐clicking, hand rubbing, flailing, and dystonic posturing. In the lower limbs, the repetitive movements were rubbing with the heel, pelvic thrusting with flexion extension of the leg, and foot tapping. The spectrum of vocalizations included palilalia, whistling, grunting with spitting, and pathological crying. Repetitive behaviors were the presenting features in 2 patients.ConclusionsThis case series expands the spectrum of repetitive behaviors seen in neurological disorders associated with brain infections. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multimodal imaging and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with USH2A‐associated nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Chen Chong , Sun Qiao , Gu Mingmin , Qian Tianwei , Luo Dawei , Liu Kun , Xu Xun , Yu Suqin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the clinical characteristics and molecular genetic background responsible for USH2A mutations associated with nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in five Chinese families, a retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed.MethodsData on detailed history and comprehensive ophthalmological examinations were extracted from medical charts. Genomic DNA was sequenced by whole‐exome sequencing. The pathogenicity predictions were evaluated by in silico analysis. The structural modeling of the wide‐type and mutant USH2A proteins was displayed based on the I‐Tasser software.ResultsThe ultra‐wide‐field fundus imaging showed a distinctive pattern of hyperautofluorescence in the parafoveal ring with macular sparing. Ten USH2A variants were detected, including seven missense mutations, two splicing mutations, and one insertion mutation. Six of these variants have already been reported, and the remaining four were novel. Of the de novo mutations, the p.C931Y and p.G4489S mutations were predicted to be deleterious or probably damaging; the p.M4853V mutation was predicted to be neutral or benign; and the IVS22+3A>G mutation was a splicing mutation that could influence mRNA splicing and affect the formation of the hairpin structure of the USH2A protein.ConclusionsOur data further confirm that USH2A protein plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of photoreceptors and expand the spectrum of USH2A mutations that are associated with nonsyndromic RP in Chinese patients.
Mediterranean Diet and Atherothrombosis Biomarkers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hernáez Álvaro , Castañer Olga , Tresserra‐Rimbau Anna , Pintó Xavier , Fitó Montserrat , Casas Rosa , Martínez‐González Miguel Ángel , Corella Dolores , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi , Lapetra José , Gómez‐Gracia Enrique , Arós Fernando , Fiol Miquel , Serra‐Majem Lluis , Ros Emilio , Estruch Ramón 
Published: September 2020

ScopeTo assess whether following a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) improves atherothrombosis biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk individuals.Methods and resultsIn 358 random volunteers from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial, the 1‐year effects on atherothrombosis markers of an intervention with MedDiet, enriched with virgin olive oil (MedDiet‐VOO; n = 120) or nuts (MedDiet‐Nuts; n = 119) versus a low‐fat control diet (n = 119), and whether large increments in MedDiet adherence (≥3 score points, versus compliance decreases) and intake changes in key food items are associated with 1‐year differences in biomarkers. Differences are observed between 1‐year changes in the MedDiet‐VOO intervention and control diet on the activity of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) (+7.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.17; 14.8]) and HDL‐bound α1‐antitrypsin levels (−6.1% [−11.8; −0.29]), and between the MedDiet‐Nuts intervention and the control arm on non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations (−9.3% [−18.1; −0.53]). Large MedDiet adherence increments are associated with less fibrinogen (−9.5% [−18.3; −0.60]) and non‐esterified fatty acid concentrations (−16.7% [−31.7; −1.74]). Increases in nut, fruit, vegetable, and fatty fish consumption, and decreases in processed meat intake are linked to enhancements in biomarkers.ConclusionMedDiet improves atherothrombosis biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk individuals.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides Protect against Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Activating Intestinal Cell Differentiation
Authors: Li Bo , Wu Richard You , Horne Rachael G. , Ahmed Abdalla , Lee Dorothy , Robinson Shaiya C. , Zhu Haitao , Lee Carol , Cadete Marissa , Johnson‐Henry Kathene C. , Landberg Eva , Alganabi Mashriq , Abrahamsson Thomas , Delgado‐Olguin Paul , Pierro Agostino , Sherman Philip M. 
Published: September 2020

ScopeNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal emergency and currently the leading cause of mortality in preterm infants. Recent studies show that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) reduce the frequency and incidence of NEC; however, the molecular mechanisms for their protection are largely unexplored.Methods and resultsTo address this gap, a genome‐wide profiling of the intestinal epithelial transcriptome in response to HMOs using RNA‐sequencing is performed. It is found that HMOs alter the host transcriptome in 225 unique target genes pertaining to cell proliferation and differentiation, including upregulation of stem cell differentiation marker HMGCS2. To validate these results, differentiation in Caco‐2Bbe1 (Caco‐2) intestinal cells is verified by Alcian Blue staining and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) recordings. Furthermore, an in vivo model of NEC is also employed whereby neonatal pups are gavage fed HMOs. Interestingly, HMOs‐fed pups show enhanced cell MUC2 differentiation and HMGCS2 expression.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate HMOs protect against NEC in part by altering the differentiation of the crypt‐villus axis. In addition, this study suggests that pooled HMOs directly induce a series of biological processes, which provide mechanistic insights to how HMOs protect the host intestine.