bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal regenerative therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes using minimally invasive surgical technique with enamel matrix derivative under 3‐year observation: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Mizutani Koji , Shioyama Hidehiro , Matsuura Takanori , Mikami Risako , Takeda Kohei , Izumi Yuichi , Aoki Akira , Iwata Takanori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInformation regarding periodontal regenerative therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is limited. This pilot study compared the regenerative outcomes of minimally invasive periodontal surgery using enamel matrix derivative (EMD) between DM and non‐DM patients.MethodsThis prospective study included deep intrabony defects in patients with or without type 2 DM. Minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) or modified MIST (M‐MIST) using EMD, without bone graft materials, was performed. Periodontal examination and intraoral radiography were performed at baseline, 6 months, and 1 and 3 years after surgery.ResultsTen sites of 10 subjects in the DM group, and 20 sites of 18 subjects in non‐DM group were evaluated (mean age; 67.5 ± 7.6 and 63.1 ± 9.7, respectively). Probing depth significantly decreased from 7.1 ± 1.6 and 7.0 ± 1.3 mm to 2.2 ± 0.9 and 2.3 ± 1.1 mm at the 1‐year examination in the DM and non‐DM groups, respectively. Clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and radiographical defect fill at the 3‐year examination were 3.8 ± 1.1 mm and 58.3% ± 10.4%, respectively, in the DM group, and 4.1 ± 1.1 mm and 65.5% ± 18.8%, respectively, in the non‐DM group, showing no significant differences between the groups. Multiple regression analysis showed no significant association of CAL gain with DM or age after adjustments for relevant confounders.ConclusionsThis is the first documented study of successful periodontal tissue regeneration in patients with DM. Minimally invasive surgery combined with EMD yielded significant clinical attachment gain and bone fill in the DM and non‐DM groups at comparable levels.
Effects of cultivar and growing degree day accumulations on forage partitioning and nutritive value of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Huang Yafeng , Zhang Zhixin , Nan Zhibiao , Unkovich Murray , Coulter Jeffrey A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of common vetch in grassland‐livestock systems has expanded greatly within recent years, partly because of its value as a high‐quality forage crop but also to improve the soil nitrogen availability. In‐field estimation of forage yield potential and nutritional characteristics is required for providing management decision to farmers on how to optimize the management and use of common vetch forages. The aim of this work was to study changes in forage partitioning and nutritive value responses of a late‐maturing and an early maturing cultivar of common vetch in a two‐year study on the Tibetan Plateau.RESULTSThis study provided evidence for differential patterns of forage accumulation for common vetch with contrasting maturity over 2 years. The late‐maturing cultivar exhibited greater forage yield and a lower proportion of pods, compared to the early maturing cultivar. There was a tendency towards lower forage nutritive value with the late‐maturing cultivar. Regressions of nutritive value parameters of common vetch forages on growing degree days were explained by the cubic (P < 0.001) models, all with high coefficients of determination (R2 ≥ 0.792).CONCLUSIONThis study shows that the late‐maturing cultivar harvested at end of the pod‐filling stage produces high forage yield, increasing the availability of high‐quality forage for ruminants, thereby improving the self‐sufficiency of farmers, in terms of forage yield and high‐concentration protein. For early maturing cultivars, it may be better to harvest at the early flowering stage for better nutritive value and in part to enable a subsequent double crop of oat. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Research progress on sample pretreatment methods for migrating substances from food contact materials
Authors: Ouyang Xiaoyan , Lu Zicheng , Hu Yuling , Xie Zenghui , Li Gongke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExcessive absorption of migrating substances from food contact materials can affect human health. Thus, it is essential to analyze the migration of contaminant from food contact materials. However, comprehensive analysis has been challenged by low concentration of migrating substances, manifold and complex matrix interference of food contact materials. Therefore, appropriate sample pretreatment methods should be applied before instrumental detection, which is essential to improve the analytical efficiency, sensitivity, and reliability. This paper systematically reviews the development of sample pretreatment methods for analysis of migrating substances from food contact materials in the past decade. To extract volatile and semi‐volatile substances, headspace extraction, headspace solid phase microextraction, and purge and trap technique are discussed. For non‐volatile substances, solid–liquid extraction and field‐assisted extraction are usually used to extract them from food contact materials, while liquid–liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and their corresponding microextraction techniques play important roles on enrichment process. In addition, new progress in developments of sample pretreatment methods of food contact materials is summarized, covering new devices, specific adsorbents, and sample preparation methods for rapid detection. An outlook of future prospect of sample pretreatment, especially for non‐targeted analysis of non‐intentionally added substances is briefly discussed.
Comparison Between SonoVue and Sonazoid Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound in Characterization of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia Smaller Than 3 cm
Authors: He Mengna , Zhu Lu , Huang Min , Zhong Liyun , Ye Zhengdu , Jiang Tian'an 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the diagnostic efficacy of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), including SonoVue (SV; sulfur hexafluoride; Bracco SpA, Milan, Italy) and Sonazoid (SZ; perflubutane; GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway), and explore the differences between them in the characterization of CEUS features in focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) smaller than 3 cm.MethodsThis retrospective study included 31 lesions smaller than 3 cm diagnosed as FNH by CEUS between April 2019 and November 2019. Nine patients underwent SZ CEUS examinations, and 22 patients underwent SV CEUS examinations; all of them were confirmed by pathologic examinations or 2 other kinds of CEUS methods. We compared the CEUS features between SZ and SV in different phases, including arterial, portal venous, delayed, and Kupffer (SZ) phases.ResultsTwenty‐eight lesions were eventually diagnosed as FNH; 3 were misdiagnosed as FNH by SV CEUS. The overall diagnostic accuracy of CEUS including SZ and SV was 90.3% (28 of 31). No significant difference was found (P > .05) for the positive predictive value. Likewise, no significant difference in depicting centrifugal filling (9 of 9 versus 19 of 19), spoke wheel artery (6 of 9 versus 8 of 19), or feeding artery (2 of 9 versus 10 of 19) features was found between the contrast agents; However, SZ was significantly better at depicting the presence of a central scar than SV (5 of 9 versus 3 of 19; P = .030). Misdiagnosed cases are discussed in detail.ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced ultrasound enables an accurate diagnosis in FNH smaller than 3 cm. Sonazoid CEUS and SV CEUS were comparable in diagnosing small FNH, and both agents were highly capable of depicting the centrifugal filling dynamic process of FNH smaller than 3 cm. Sonazoid CEUS might be better than SV CEUS at depicting a central scar.
Olfactory Dysfunction is not a Determinant Of Patient‐Reported Chronic Rhinosinusitis Disease Control
Authors: McCann Adam C. , Trope Michal , Walker Victoria L. , Kavoosi Tazheh A. , Speth Marlene M. , Gengler Isabelle , Phillips Katie M. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisAs a cardinal symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), hyposmia has been recommended to be assessed as a component of CRS disease control. Herein we determine the significance of hyposmia in CRS in the context of nasal obstruction and drainage symptoms.Study DesignProspective, cross‐sectionalMethodsCross‐sectional study of 308 CRS patients (102 CRSwNP, 206 CRSsNP) without prior endoscopic sinus surgery. The burden of nasal obstruction and hyposmia were assessed using the corresponding item scores on the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). Burden of nasal discharge was assessed using the mean of “thick nasal discharge” and “thick post‐nasal discharge” SNOT‐22 item scores. Patients were all asked to rate their CRS symptom control as “not at all,” “a little,” “somewhat,” “very,” or “completely.”ResultsIn CRSwNP, only 4.9% had a hyposmia score > 1 with nasal obstruction and drainage scores less than or equal to 1. In CRSsNP, only 1.9% had a hyposmia score > 1 with nasal obstruction and drainage scores less than or equal to 1. On univariate association, CRS symptom control was significantly associated with nasal obstruction, hyposmia, and drainage in both CRSwNP and CRSsNP (P < .05 in all cases). Using multivariable regression to account for all nasal symptoms, only nasal obstruction and nasal discharge scores (but not hyposmia) were significantly associated with CRS symptom control.ConclusionsHyposmia rarely occurs without nasal obstruction or nasal drainage, and may therefore be redundant to assess for CRS disease control. Moreover, hyposmia was not associated with patient‐reported CRS symptom control when accounting for the burden of nasal obstruction and drainage.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E2116–E2120, 2021
National Database Outcomes of Esophageal Dilations
Authors: Mullen Michael B. , Witt Michael Andrew , Stromberg Arnold J. , Fritz Mark A. 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo better assess rates of postoperative complications and mortality following esophageal dilation, and to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes.Study DesignObservational, retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe queried a national database of insurance claims for Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes representing esophageal dilation performed between 2011 and 2017. Patients aged 18 to 100 who were continuously enrolled with their insurance provider were included. Demographic information, additional CPT codes, concomitant diagnoses, and anticoagulant medication data were collected for all patients included. Postoperative mortality was assessed and International Classification of Diseases (ICD)9/10 codes for complications, including esophageal perforation, hemorrhage, mediastinitis, and sepsis were flagged.ResultsWe identified 202,965 encounters for esophageal dilation. Of these procedures, 193 were performed on a patient who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) during the study period and was analyzed separately. Another 244 dilations were excluded due to repeat entries. Of the remaining 202,528 procedures remaining, 42,310 were repeat dilations in the same patient. Data analysis was confined to each patient's initial dilation. 160,218 initial dilations remained. Of these, 62,107 were performed on male patients and 98,111 were performed on female patients. The average age was 57.7 years. There were 12 mortalities within 30 days postoperatively, representing 0.0075% of all dilations. Esophageal perforation and esophageal hemorrhage were the most common reported complications, with 139 and 110 occurrences, respectively. The overall per‐dilation complication rate was 0.215%.ConclusionsEvidence from a national insurance claim database suggests that esophageal dilation is a safe procedure with a low rate of serious complications and a 30‐day all‐cause mortality rate of less than 1 per 10,000 dilations.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2436–2440, 2021
Effectiveness of Injection Laryngoplasty for Aspiration in Acute Iatrogenic Vocal Fold Paralysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pan Sabrina , Sadoughi Babak 
Published: December 2020

Objective/HypothesisTo review current evidence on effectiveness of injection laryngoplasty on aspiration outcomes in acute unilateral vocal fold paralysis.Study DesignSystematic review.MethodsA literature search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception of each database to May 2019. Inclusion criteria included case series, case–control studies, prospective cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials assessing the outcomes of early injection laryngoplasty on aspiration in unilateral vocal fold paralysis, in the acute setting. Only English articles with adult study populations were included. Two independent investigators screened all abstracts and manuscripts. Data on study design, patient demographics, interventions, and outcome measures were systematically extracted by both authors for included studies.ResultsFourteen case series studies comprising 582 patients were included. Results were not quantitatively synthesized due to the heterogeneity of outcome measures. Eleven studies reported that a majority (ranging 50%–100%) of patients in each respective study showed improvement in diet intake (progression from nil per os to oral) or Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores after injection laryngoplasty. However, none of the investigations used a control group, and therefore, did not account for the possibility of improvement of function related to placebo or Hawthorne effects rather than attributed to intervention.ConclusionsNo robust evidence was found to support injection laryngoplasty as an effective measure to improve aspiration outcomes in acute iatrogenic vocal fold paralysis. Current practices rely on empirical observations and scarce expert opinions. Further prospective investigations with controlled objective measures are necessary to definitively demonstrate the effectiveness of IL for aspiration management. Laryngoscope, 132:813–821, 2022
Quantifying responses of net primary productivity to agricultural expansion in drylands
Authors: Pan Ning , Wang Shuai , Liu Yanxu , Hua Ting , Zhang Junze , Xue Feng , Fu Bojie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is a limited understanding of agricultural land dynamics across global drylands and the impacts of transitions between agricultural land and land cover on net primary productivity (NPP) changes. This study attempted to fill this gap by examining agricultural land changes and NPP responses in drylands. A data‐driven assessment of effects on the NPP of individual agricultural land displacement was carried out using three methods: the mean difference method, a newly introduced ridge‐regression method, and a proposed method based on actual change excluding climate impact. Increases in NPP were accompanied by agricultural land transitions from natural land cover and expected forests. The agricultural expansion mainly replaced sparse vegetation and grassland and increased the overall NPP of the dryland ecosystem. The mean difference method and ridge‐regression method overestimated the NPP increase caused by agricultural land expansion. Land use change contributed more than 70% to NPP increase in the new agricultural area. However, land use change has less effect on total NPP in drylands than climate change. Monitoring agricultural land dynamics and distinguishing NPP changes caused by different agricultural land transitions is helpful for targeted management and sustainable development of agriculture in drylands.
Nitrogen and oxygen isotopomeric constraints on the sources of nitrous oxide and the role of submarine groundwater discharge in a temperate eutrophic salt‐wedge estuary
Authors: Wong Wei Wen , Lehmann Moritz F. , Kuhn Thomas , Frame Caitlin , Poh Seng Chee , Cartwright Ian , Cook Perran L.M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEstuaries have been identified as sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions to the atmosphere but questions remain as to which production pathway(s) govern the oversaturation of N2O observed in most estuaries worldwide. Here, we use a suite of nitrate and N2O isotopes, as well as the 15N site preference signatures of N2O to assess (1) the relative importance of different N2O production pathways in a eutrophic groundwater‐impacted salt‐wedge estuary and the aquifers underlying the estuary and (2) the influence of groundwater input on the overall N2O saturation in the estuary. This is one of the few studies to examine the effect of groundwater–surface water interaction on N2O cycling using N2O isotopes. The site preference values of N2O in the deep aquifer below the estuary were distinctive (83‰ ± 25‰) and were much higher than in either surface water (21‰ ± 6‰) or shallow groundwater (44‰ ± 8‰), suggesting the influence of multiple biotic and/or abiotic processes which proceed through multiple cycles, and/or the occurrence of a yet unidentified N2O production pathway. Isotope endmember considerations revealed that nitrifier‐denitrification was the major N2O production pathway within the shallow aquifer whereas within the estuarine water column, N2O saturation was governed by chemodenitrification and discharge of N2O‐laden submarine groundwater. Our study not only emphasizes the substantial, yet often underappreciated role of submarine groundwater discharge in estuarine N2O budgets, but also highlights the need to reevaluate the importance of the noncanonical denitrification pathways (i.e., chemodenitrification and nitrifier‐denitrification) in controlling the overall N2O production from estuarine and groundwater environments.
Responses of phytoplankton communities to the effect of internal wave‐powered upwelling
Authors: Ma Lingqi , Xiao Wupeng , Laws Edward A. , Bai Xiaolin , Chiang Kuo‐Ping , Liu Xin , Chen Jixin , Huang Bangqin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUpwelling and internal waves are known to affect the physical and chemical characteristics of marine ecosystems, yet the processes and mechanisms by which internal waves influence phytoplankton biomass and community composition in upwelling regions are still unclear. In this study, a 72‐h time series of observations was conducted in an upwelling system in the northern South China Sea during the summer of 2014. The results showed that the intensity of upwelling was affected by internal waves, which caused nutrient fluctuations in the upper water column. The phytoplankton total chlorophyll a responded positively to the increase of nutrient concentrations, but only after a time lag of 12–16 h. This overall response was the net result of four different types of responses displayed by nine specific phytoplankton groups. All groups that displayed immediate positive responses continued to respond positively at least 12 h later, whereas all groups that responded negatively showed no time‐lagged responses. Based on the vertical distributions of the nine phytoplankton groups and their known physiological traits, we suggest that these different types of response were the net result of a rapid physical transport effect and a time‐lagged, physiological effect via bottom‐up control.
OCT‐Based Angiography and Surface Topography in Burn‐Damaged Skin
Authors: Lu Jie , Deegan Anthony J. , Cheng Yuxuan , Mandell Samuel P. , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: December 2020

Background and ObjectivesThere is a clinical need for an accurate, non‐invasive imaging tool that can provide the objective assessment of burn wounds. The aims of this study are to demonstrate the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in evaluating burn wound healing, as well as exploring the physiological basis of human wound healing.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Seven patients with severe burn wounds who were admitted to Harborview Medical Center were imaged using an in‐house‐built, clinical‐prototype OCT system. OCT imaging was carried out at multiple scan sites on the burned skin across two time points (imaging session #1 and #2) with a field of view of ~9 × 9 mm. Due to pathological differences among burn zones, scan sites were classified into red sites (zone of hyperemia), white sites (zone of coagulation), and mixed sites. In addition to obtaining qualitativeen facevascular and surface topography maps, we quantified vascular area density and surface roughness for comparative purposes.ResultsEn facevascular and surface topography maps demonstrated numerous morphological changes over both imaging sessions associated with burn injury, such as altered blood flow and loss of regular texture. Quantitative analyses revealed that during imaging session #1, vascular area density was significantly increased within the red sites compared with that of a healthy control (P = 0.0130), while vascular area density was significantly decreased within the white sites compared with that of a healthy control (P < 0.0001). During imaging session #2, vascular area density was significantly reduced to a more normal range within the red sites compared with imaging session #1 (P = 0.0215); however, vascular area density was still significantly lower within the white sites compared with that of a healthy control (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, vascular area density and surface roughness were significantly increased within the white sites during imaging session #2 compared with imaging session #1 (bothP < 0.0001).ConclusionsOCT is clinically feasible to monitor vascular changes and alterations in skin surface roughness during the process of burn wound healing. Variations in vascular area density and roughness measurements within the burn wounds revealed by OCT offer some key insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for wound healing, which may become critical biological indicators in future clinical evaluation and monitoring of wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
How selective are clinical CDK4/6 inhibitors?
Authors: Hendrychová Denisa , Jorda Radek , Kryštof Vladimír 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPharmacological inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) has emerged as an efficient approach for treating breast cancer, and its clinical potential is expanding to other cancers. CDK4/6 inhibitors were originally believed to act by arresting proliferation in the G1 phase, but it is gradually becoming clear that the cellular response to these compounds is far more complex than this. Multiple context‐dependent mechanisms of action are emerging, involving modulation of quiescence, senescence, autophagy, cellular metabolism, and enhanced tumor cell immunogenicity. These mechanisms may be driven by interactions with unexpected targets. We review cellular responses to the Food and Drug Administration‐approved CDK4/6 inhibitors palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, and summarize available knowledge of other drugs undergoing clinical trials, including data on their off‐target landscapes. We emphasize the importance of comprehensively characterizing drugs' selectivity profiles to maximize their clinical efficacy and safety and to facilitate their repurposing to treat additional diseases based on their target spectrum.