bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and histological study of kidney, ureter and urinary bladder in male guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Yousif Rasha Raad 
Published: July 2020

A total of 20 healthy adult male guinea pigs were used in this study to investigate the anatomical, histological and morphometrical characteristics of the kidneys, ureter and urinary bladder. The gross anatomical study showed that the right kidney had a bean shape with reddish pink color whereas the left kidney had a heart shape. The renal cortex appeared darker than medulla with reddish brown color, while the medulla was pale in color. The mean thickness of cortex was more than that of medulla in both left and right kidneys and the ratio of cortex to medulla was 1.06: 1 in both kidneys. The mean length of right ureter was 10.3±0.62 cm while the mean length of left ureter was shorter. The filled urinary bladder appeared as a pear-shaped hollow sac situated in the pelvic cavity and only the rounded cranial part of bladder was expanded. Four histological regions of renal tubules were found in kidney. The Proximal convolutes tubule is first longest and coiled segment of renal tubules which originate from urinary pole of renal corpuscles and measured about 25.421±0.3µm in diameter and lined with simple cuboidal epithelial cells. The Nephron loop (Loop of Henle) was consisted of the descending and ascending thin limbs, the descending thin limb was measured 13.591±0.1µm diameter, whereas the thick ascending limb was measured (19.987±0.5µm) in diameter. Distal convolutes tubule was shorter than the proximal tubule and measured about 21.139±0.5µm diameter. The collecting duct was measured about (31.759±0.2µm) diameter. It was lined with simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium. The cross section of Ureter was possessed a star shape lumen and its wall consist from four tunics (mucosa, lamina propria submucosa, muscularis and serosa). It was lined by transitional epithelium. The histological structure of Urinary Bladder was resembles the ureter, the lamina propria contain few mucous glands.
Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil against Hepatotoxicity- Induced by Sodium Fluoride in Adult Female Rats (Part II).
Authors: Al-Okaily Baraa Najim 
Published: July 2020

This experiment was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate seed oil against toxicity- induced by sodium fluoride and in normal rats. Twenty adult female Wistar rats were divided into four equal group and treated daily for 40 days as follows: Group C administered tap water and served as control , group T1 : received sodium fluoride 120ppm in drinking tap water, group T2: received both sodium fluoride 120ppm in drinking water and administered orally pometone (pomegranate seed oil) 30mg/kg B.W. and group T3 : administered pomegranate seed oil as in group T2 orally. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 40 days to estimation of some biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers . In addition, sections from liver were taken at the end of the experiment for histopathological study. The results revealed that SF (group T1) caused a significant increase in serum aminotransferases (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) activities, total cholesterol ,total bilirubin and peroxynitrite radical concentrations, while GSH concentration was a significantly decrease. PSO caused an alleviation to the hepatic dysfunction induced by sodium fluoride (group T2) manifested through significant elevation of GSH concentration, in addition, a significant reduction in serum transaminases activity, total cholesterol, peroxynitrite radical and total bilirubin concentrations. In contrast, administration of pomegranate seed oil (group T3) showed no alterations in most of these parameters. Furthermore histopathological examination of liver tissues of group T1 manifested aggregation of mononucleated cells, proliferation of hepatocyte, cytoplasmic fat droplet and granulomatous lesion consists of aggregation of macrophage and lymphocyte. All these alteration in liver histology were modified by treatment of rats with pomegranate seed oil (group T2) and no pathological lesion was reported in group T3. On conclusion, this study documented the beneficial effect of pomegranate seed oil against the deleterious effects of SF on liver functions of adult female rats.
Synthesis, Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Nigella sativa Seeds and Study Their Effects on the Serum Lipid Profile and DNA Damage on the Rats’ Blood Treated with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ali Zainab Sattar , Khudair Khalisa Khadim 
Published: July 2020

This study was aimed to produce silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Nigella sativa, also to investigate the effects of green synthesized Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles on dyslipidemia and DNA fragmentation in hydrogen peroxide-exposed rats. The produced Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles were characterized through Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) style, and Scanning Electron Microscope was used to investigate the morphology and size of synthesized Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles. Forty adults male rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups and daily had been remedying for two months as followings: G1 group (Control), G2 group, rats in this group were received tap water containing 1% H2O2, animals in G3 and G4 groups were injected IP Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles 25 and 50 mg/kg B.W., respectively, and received ordinary tap water containing 1% H2O2 , and G5 group, animals in this group were injected IP Nigella sativa seeds extract 50 mg/kg B.W. and received ordinary tap water containing 1% H2O2. Blood samples collected after one and two months of the experiment from each animal for DNA fragmentation measurements and serum estimated lipid profile.The results receded a case of dyslipidemia, as well significant elevation in DNA damage in G4 and G2 groups The results also confirmed the hypolipidemic and cytoprotective effect of Nigella sativa seeds extract (G5 group) and silver nanoparticles as25mg/kg B.W (group G3) clarified by correction of dyslipidemia, alongside significant alleviation in DNA damage. In conclusion, the results in the current study effectsof Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles at high dose and documents the ameliorative effect of Nigella sativaseeds extract and Nigella sativa seeds silver nanoparticles on lipid profile and DNA damage.
Study of The Experimentally Zinc Deficiency in Iraqi Local Breed Goats
Authors: Al-Zubaedi Mahmood Raad , Mahmood Alaa K. , Al-Khafaji Nazar Jabbar 
Published: July 2020

The current study was conducted to study experimentaly induced zinc deficiency and its consequnces hematology in Iraqi goats. A twenty five goats, 5-6 months old were involved in this study. The study extended from November 2018 continued for 10 weeks in the farm of College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala. The animals were fed a high calcium content ration (400-500 gm/head/day) in addition to hay and water with ad libitum during the study. The main clinical signs were retardation in hair growth, especially of legs and head, swollen joint, poor growth, rough hair coat, loss of hair on head, limbs, and scrotum, cracking of the hooves. The skin rough, thickened, cracked, alopecia, crusting, and hyperkeratosis also paleness of the mucous membranes of the eye, loss of appetite, itching, and emaciation. Body weight, heart rates, and body temperature were not significantly changed, respiratory rates significantly decreased in 3rd and 6th weeks in comparison with 1st week. The results of total red blood cells counts revealed significantly decreased in the 2nd week compared with 1st week, then increased in the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks in comparison with1st week. Hemoglobin concentration significantly increased at the 2nd, 4th and 6th weeks in comparison with the 1st week. Packed cell volume increased at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks compared with 1st week. Serum zinc was significantly decreased from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment.Significant decrease in lymphocytes was detected at the 4th week compered with 1, 2, 6 and 8 weeks. Eosinophil was also significantly decreased in the 2nd and 6th weeks compared with 1st week, and increased 4th week and 8week compared with 2nd ,6th respectively.It is concluded from this study that zinc deficiency clearly affects the overall health status and may eventually lead to economic losses in local goats.
The Importance of Motacilla Alba Behavior on Hitting Its Own Mirror Reflection
Authors: Zhang Yan , Mirt Greg , Xu Fan , Liu Fangfang 
Published: July 2020

Self-awareness is considered as a capability of recognize oneself and increasingly received attention. However, self-awareness in the bird Motacilla Alba is unclear. To study the self-recognition in Motacilla Alba, the subject is observed by mirror while eating. The bird performed the look around, confirm again the surroundings, become alert, hit the mirror. These behaviors suggests that presently Motacilla Alba does not have the capacity of self-awareness by the test.
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Columns on Angle of Friction in Fine Sandy Soil
Authors: Al-Eqabi Haqi  H. Abbood , Al-Gharbawe Ali M. Hassan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract: the study adopted samples from Tigris river shoulders ,which has been subjected to such collapses and cracks. After testing and investigation it was found the soil is formed from river deposits , which can be classified as fine sand soil . It is known that many of the collapses that occurs in the sides of rivers are due to the influence of shear forces . A different of diameters coarse aggregates columns and aggregates sizes used in this study are tested by direct shear test.
The main objective of this research to increase the coefficient of friction between the soil particles in the test specimen by adding the coarse aggregate columns to the fine sand soil, In this regard the least void ratio was found as a beneficial index that relates with critical state of friction angle independent on soil gradation. The relations between critical state or high friction angles of the mixture with lower void ratio were determined as a function of addition pressure. The relationships could be useful to determination the strength parameters of (sand gravel mixtures).
Rooting of Mini-Cuttings of guava cultivars (Psidium guajava L.) Treated with IBA under Misting Irrigation
Authors: Supanjani Supanjani , Rahayu Hatari , Suprijono Eko , Romeida Atra , Yulian Yulian 
Published: July 2020

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a plant whose fruit is very popular in Indonesia because it contains high vitamin C and its leaves can be used as herbal medicine. Orchard expansion of selected cultivars and fruit production of guava can be achieved vegetatively through propagation by using mini-cuttings with the use of Indole Butyric Acids (IBA). A study was conducted to compare rooting success of mini-cuttings of herbaceous stem of four guava cultivars with IBA treatment. Four guava cultivars tested were Bengkulu Round, Getas, Crystal, and Bangkok. Mini-cuttings were immersed in IBA solution at 0 ppm or 1000 ppm. Cultivar and IBA treatments were arranged factorially in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications, each consisting of 25 cuttings. Variables observed included percentage of original-leaf shedding, percentage of emerging shoots, percentage of sprouting cuttings, new leaf number, root number, root length, and percent of rooted cuttings. The results demonstrated that cultivars affected rooting percentage, sprouted percentage, percentage of original-leaf fall, and number of root. Getas had highest rooting and sprouting percentages, and showed lowest number of original-leaf shedding; whereas, Bangkok demostrated greatest number of root. IBA treatment increased the number of root and the number of original-leaf shedding, but reducing rooting percentage of mini-cutting. There was no interaction between cultivar and IBA teratment.
Influence of acute mental stress on blood pressure, heart rate and heart rate variability in male medical students: An experimental study from tertiary care hospital, Nepal
Authors: Pandey Karishma Rajbhandari , Khadka Rita , Panday Dipesh Raj , Agrawal Kopila , Paudel Bishnu Hari 
Published: July 2020

Background: Medical students experience immense mental stress while understanding and retaining new terms, drug names and mechanisms and eventually generating a concept. Such stress, in long run, may affect their cardiovascular health. This can be assessed by heart rate variability, a reliable non-penetrating tool to determine the cardiac autonomic tone.
Material and methods: Thirty healthy young male medical students of BPKIHS, Nepal of age 21.03 ± 1.73 years, and BMI 20.83 ± 2.07 kg/m2 were recruited for the present study. Their resting BP, HR, RR, and short-term heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded in sitting position. Each subject was given a mental stress for 5 min. Their BP, HR, and RR were recorded at 5th min of mental stress. HRV of 5 min was also recorded simultaneously during mental stress.
Results: Mental stress increased SBP (p=0.001), DBP (p= 0.001), PR (p= 0.005) and RR (p= 0.042) in young male medical students. Time domain measures of HRV viz; RMSSD (p= 0.001), NN50 (p= 0.001) and PNN50 (p=0.001), which are markers of parasympathetic activity, were significantly decreased during mental stress.
Conclusion: Acute mental stress increases BP and HR by withdrawing parasympathetic nervous control in young, healthy male medical students.
Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Dengan LKS Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Dan Logis
Authors: Ulfah Farida 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis pada pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan LKS pada siswa kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan secara kolaboratif dan partisipatif pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Juni 2013. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 11 Yoogyakarta sejumlah 34 siswa tahun ajaran 2012/2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain spiral Kemmis dan Taggart. Tindakan dilakukan melalui tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan LKS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis dalam pembelajaran matematika. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dari : (1) persentase rata-rata untuk kemampuan berpikir kritis pada pra tindakan sebesar 36,27% dengan kriteria sangat rendah, pada siklus I sebesar 60,29% dengan kriteria sedang, dan meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 89.71% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. (2) Persentase rata-rata untuk kemampuan berpikir logis pada pra tindakan sebesar 31,94% dengan kriteria sangat rendah, dan menjadi 47,57% dengan kriteria rendah pada siklus I, kemudian meningkat menjadi 83,72% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi pada siklus II. (3) Persentase rata-rata pada observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) mengalami peningkatan. Pada siklus 1 persentase rata-rata sebesar 68,33% dengan kriteria tinggi dan pada siklus II menjadi 88,96% dengan kriteria sangat tinggi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah penerapan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan LKS dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis pada pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas VIIIC SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. Kata kunci : Model Problem Based Learning (PBL), Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Kemampuan Berpikir Logis.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5e Sebagai Upaya Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa
Authors: Yuniarti Nia , Murnaka Nerru Pranuta 
Published: July 2020

Mathematical communication ability is an important ability to have students. This is because by having these abilities, students can communicate ideas or mathematical ideas both orally and in writing. However, based on preliminary studies in the form of mathematical communication and class observation tests conducted by researchers in one class at SMP Negeri 8 Kota Tangerang Selatan showed that students' mathematical communication ability is still low. The efforts that can be done is to apply a model of learning that can train and cultivate students' mathematical communication ability by applying the learning cycle 5e model. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the average of improvement mathematical communication skills of students who get a learning model learning cycle 5e higher than students who obtain conventional learning. This type of research is quasi experiment. The research design used is a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this research are the students of class VII.1, VII.2, and VII.3 SMP Negeri 8 Kota Tangerang Selatan and the sample is the students of class VII.2 as the experimental class and class VII.3 as the control class. The sampling technique used random cluster sampling. Hypothesis testing of research done by the parametric test (t-test). In this research, it can be concluded that the average improvement mathematical communication ability of students who get the learning cycle 5e model is higher than students who get conventional learning. Keywords: Mathematical communication skill, learning cycle 5e model, quasi-experiment
BENIH-BENIH IDEOLOGI ISLAMISME RADIKAL DI KALANGAN SEJUMLAH MAHASISWA NTT
Authors: Raho Bernardus , Daven Mathias , Maku Hendrikus 
Published: July 2020

<p>This article focuses on the roots of radicalism as can be seen in young Muslims in NTT Province. The majority of the population of this province are either Protestant or Catholic Christians. Nationally, NTT has a reputation for being a province which is coloured by religious tolerance. People of different religions live side by side peacefully. A probable reason for this is the fact that family and friendship relationships tend to cross religious boundaries. However, in recent times religious harmony has been impacted by radical thinking among tertiary Muslim students. These seeds can be seen in their understanding of, and attitude to, radical Islamism. At the level of understanding, they do not differentiate between Islam as a religion and Islam as an ideology. At times they identify radical Islamism as the teaching of Islam. Attitude-wise, this article points out that a considerable number of respondents hold certain convictions which are in line with the ideology of radical Islamism.</p><p><br /> <strong>Keywords</strong>: Radical Islamism, fundamentalism, radical Islam, Islamic student, ideology of a Islam, terror, terrorism.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
MENDAMAIKAN KEKRISTENAN DAN LGBT: SEBUAH UPAYA HERMENEUTIK ALKITAB
Authors: Singgih Emanuel Gerrit 
Published: July 2020

<p>This paper challenge to raise the understanding that “the Bible is anti LGBT”. Hermeneutical examination of the six passages or texts shows that in the Bible there are anti-LGBT texts, but there are also pro-LGBT texts. Then the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, often used as “proof” that the Bible is anti-LGBT, can also be interpreted as opposites. Finally there is a hermeneutical discussion about the relationship of religion and science, culture and human<br /> rights, and concrete proposals regarding the pastoral actions of the<br /> church against LGBT people.</p><p><br /> <strong>Keywords:</strong> Hermeneutics, Sola Scriptura Plus, anti-LGBT texts, pro-LGBT texts, religion/theology, science/science, human rights, and restriction.</p><p> </p>
PELATIHAN LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM-SCHOOLOGY BAGI GURU MGMP MATEMATIKA SMA/SMK KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS
Authors: Friansah Drajat , Yanto Yufitri 
Published: July 2020

Pelatihan pemanfaatan e-learning menggunakan learning management system-schoology ini bertujuan untuk melatih ketrampilan guru matematika SMA Kabupaten Musi Rawas dalam menggunakan media pembelajaran internet berbasis Learning Management System menggunakan aplikasi web Schoology untuk membantu proses pembelajaran matematika. e-learning di internet dapat membantu guru mendistribusikan materi kepada siswa dengan melakukan interaksi secara online. Hal ini dapat memudahkan guru menyampaikan semua materi, latihan soal hingga evaluasi yang biasanya dilakukan di kelas dalam bentuk file yang bisa diakses oleh siswa melalui berbagai perangkat termasuk handphone di luar pembelajaran tatap muka. Kegiatan pelatihan Learning Management System-Schoology bagi guru MGMP Matematika SMA Kabupaten Musi Rawas meliputi tahap: 1) sosialisasi materi LMS-Schoology 2) pelatihan, 3) diskusi, dan 4) tahap evaluasi akhir dan pemberian angket untuk mengetahui respon guru berkaitan dengan kegiatan pelatihan LMS-Schoology. Hasil dari respon guru terhadap kegiatan pelatihan dalam upaya meningkatkan ketrampilan merancang dan menggunakan teknologi dan informasi dalam pembelajaran matematika yaitu 62% guru menjawab sangat setuju, 38% guru menjawab setuju. Pendampingan ini diharapkan memberikan nilai tambah ilmu bagi guru dan menghasilkan produk pembelajaran berbasis e-learning yang bisa dilaksanakan dengan mudah dan juga bisa diakses kapanpun serta dilakukan dimana saja.