bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaea in boreal Swedish lakes are diverse, dominated by Woesearchaeota and follow deterministic community assembly
Authors: Juottonen Heli , Fontaine Laurent , Wurzbacher Christian , Drakare Stina , Peura Sari , Eiler Alexander 
Published: May 2020

SummaryDespite their key role in biogeochemical processes, particularly the methane cycle, archaea are widely underrepresented in molecular surveys because of their lower abundance compared with bacteria and eukaryotes. Here, we use parallel high‐resolution small subunit rRNA gene sequencing to explore archaeal diversity in 109 Swedish lakes and correlate archaeal community assembly mechanisms to large‐scale latitudinal, climatic (nemoral to arctic) and nutrient (oligotrophic to eutrophic) gradients. Sequencing with universal primers showed the contribution of archaea was on average 0.8% but increased up to 1.5% of the three domains in forest lakes. Archaea‐specific sequencing revealed that freshwater archaeal diversity could be partly explained by lake variables associated with nutrient status. Combined with deterministic co‐occurrence patterns this finding suggests that ecological drift is overridden by environmental sorting, as well as other deterministic processes such as biogeographic and evolutionary history, leading to lake‐specific archaeal biodiversity. Acetoclastic, hydrogenotrophic and methylotrophic methanogens as well as ammonia‐oxidizing archaea were frequently detected across the lakes. Archaea‐specific sequencing also revealed representatives of Woesearchaeota and other phyla of the DPANN superphylum. This study adds to our understanding of the ecological range of key archaea in freshwaters and links these taxa to hypotheses about processes governing biogeochemical cycles in lakes.
Mutual interplay between ArcA and σE orchestrates envelope stress response in Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Liang Huihui , Zhang Yongting , Wang Sijing , Gao Haichun 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTo survive and thrive in harsh and ever‐changing environments, intricate mechanisms have evolved for bacterial cells to monitor perturbations impacting the integrity of their envelope and to mount an appropriate response to contain or repair the damage. In this study, we report in Shewanella oneidensis a previously undescribed mechanism for the envelope defect resulting from the loss of Arc, a two‐component transcriptional regulatory system crucial for respiration. We uncovered σE, a master regulator establishing and maintaining the integrity of the cell envelope in γ‐proteobacteria, as the determining factor for the cell envelope defect of the arcA mutant. When ArcA is depleted, σE activity is compromised by enhanced production of anti‐σE protein RseA. Surprisingly, S. oneidensis σE is not essential for viability, but becomes so in the absence of ArcA. Furthermore, we demonstrated that there is an interplay between these two regulators as arcA expression is affected by availability of σE. Overall, our results underscore functional interplay of regulatory systems for envelope stress response: although each of the systems may respond to perturbation of particular components of the envelope, they are functionally intertwined, working together to form an interconnected safety net.
Metabolic strategies of marine subseafloor Chloroflexi inferred from genome reconstructions
Authors: Fincker Maeva , Huber Julie A. , Orphan Victoria J. , Rappé Michael S. , Teske Andreas , Spormann Alfred M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryUncultured members of the Chloroflexi phylum are highly enriched in numerous subseafloor environments. Their metabolic potential was evaluated by reconstructing 31 Chloroflexi genomes from six different subseafloor habitats. The near ubiquitous presence of enzymes of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, electron bifurcation, and ferredoxin‐dependent transport‐coupled phosphorylation indicated anaerobic acetogenesis was central to their catabolism. Most of the genomes simultaneously contained multiple degradation pathways for complex carbohydrates, detrital protein, aromatic compounds, and hydrogen, indicating the coupling of oxidation of chemically diverse organic substrates to ubiquitous CO2 reduction. Such pathway combinations may confer a fitness advantage in subseafloor environments by enabling these Chloroflexi to act as primary fermenters and acetogens in one microorganism without the need for syntrophic H2 consumption. While evidence for catabolic oxygen respiration was limited to two phylogenetic clusters, the presence of genes encoding putative reductive dehalogenases throughout the phylum expanded the phylogenetic boundary for potential organohalide respiration past the Dehalococcoidia class.
Temporal variation of the effects of landscape composition on lacewings (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) in vineyards
Authors: Serée Lola , Rouzes Raphaël , Thiéry Denis , Rusch Adrien 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Increasing landscape heterogeneity, both in terms of composition and configuration, can promote natural enemies and biological control in agricultural landscapes. However, relatively poor information exists about the effects of landscape heterogeneity on lacewings, which are a major group of predators. Furthermore, temporal changes of landscape effects on natural enemy dynamics remain largely unexplored.
Here, we investigated how landscape composition and configuration affect lacewings and their biological control potential on leafhoppers. Lacewings and leafhoppers were sampled from April to July in 10 vineyards located in southwestern France. The vineyards were selected along a gradient of a proportion of semi‐natural habitats in the landscape.
The proportion of semi‐natural habitats positively affected the abundance of adults and eggs, as well as species richness, of lacewings, alone or in interaction with the sampling month. Landscape configuration was never found to enhance abundance or species richness of lacewings. Finally, the predator–prey ratio increased through time but did not respond to landscape composition or configuration.
Our study highlights that the proportion of semi‐natural habitats increases both abundance and diversity of lacewings in vineyard landscapes but that this effect varies over time. This result indicates the need to assess the variability of landscape effects over time to maximize biological pest control services in agricultural landscapes.
Morphological and scanning electron microscopic study of the lingual papillae in the Javan Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus)
Authors: Saragih Golda Rani , Gunawan Geraldus , Umardani Yusuf , Karnati Srikant , Kusindarta Dwi Liliek , Wihadmadyatami Hevi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere are vast numbers of bats, in terms of both individuals and species, in Indonesia, although the precise species count is currently unknown. These bats demonstrate great variation in feeding patterns, with some being insectivorous, frugivorous, nectar‐eating or carnivorous. One of the insectivorous bats found on Java Island, Indonesia, is the Javan pipistrelle (Pipistrellus javanicus). This paper presents a detailed morphological description of the tongue and lingual papillae of P. javanicus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Macroscopically, the elongated tongue of P. javanicus can be divided into three sections: the apex, corpus and radix. On the dorsal part of the tongue (corpus), there is a prominence called the mediodorsal lobe, the lobe begin from the end of apex. On the radix, in the medial part, we describe the presence of a sulcus medianus. The SEM and LM observations show that the apex of the tongue bears three types of papillae: crown filiform, pronged filiform and fungiform. The corpus bears conical and fungiform papillae, whereas the radix bears vallate, large filiform, small filiform and fungiform papillae. Taken together, these results contribute to research on the tongue anatomy and feeding habits of the bat.
Bioequivalence of macitentan and tadalafil given as fixed‐dose combination or single‐component tablets in healthy subjects
Authors: Grill Simon , Bruderer Shirin , Sidharta Patricia N. , Antonova Mariya , Globig Susanne , Carlson James , Schultz Armin , Csonka Dénes 
Published: May 2020

AimsTo demonstrate the bioequivalence of macitentan/tadalafil fixed‐dose combination (FDC) tablets with single‐component tablets of macitentan and tadalafil in healthy subjects.MethodsStudies AC‐077‐101 and AC‐077‐103 were single‐centre, open‐label, single‐dose, 2‐period, randomized, crossover Phase 1 studies conducted in healthy subjects. Two FDCs were investigated: FDC‐1 and FDC‐2 in Study AC‐077‐101 and FDC‐2 in Study AC‐077‐103. Both FDCs contained 10 mg/40 mg of macitentan/tadalafil and differed in excipients and coating materials used. In both studies, pharmacokinetic sampling over 216 hours was conducted, and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived using noncompartmental methods.ResultsBioequivalence of macitentan, its active metabolite ACT‐132577, and tadalafil was established for FDC‐2 in both studies AC‐077‐101 and AC‐077‐103 in which tadalafil as a single component was sourced from the USA and EU, respectively, to fulfil regional regulatory requirements. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve and maximum plasma concentration with 90% confidence intervals of all components were entirely within the bioequivalence limits (0.8000–1.2500). No subject died and no serious adverse events were reported in either studies.ConclusionThe FDC‐2 tablet containing 10 mg/40 mg of macitentan/tadalafil was bioequivalent to the free combination of 10 mg macitentan and 40 mg tadalafil (both US and EU sourced). Macitentan and tadalafil were well tolerated when administered as FDC or as a free combination.
Flexibilization at the Core to Reduce Labour Market Dualism: Evidence from the Spanish Case
Authors: Cárdenas Luis , Villanueva Paloma 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInstitutionalist explanations of the high non‐standard employment rate in the Spanish labour market have pointed to the relevance of flexibilization at the margin, that is, the deregulation of non‐standard jobs. Using Spanish social security micro data, we find evidence that the liberalization reforms of 2010 and 2012 had flexibilization at their core, that is, greater instability due to open‐ended and full‐time contracts (erosion of employment protection) and a rise in turnover among periphery workers, increasing the segregation gap. We conclude that there is a high level of deregulation and simultaneous dualization due to the combination of flexibilization at the margin (until 2008) and the core (2010–2012).
Role of high‐mobility group box 1 and its modulation by thrombomodulin/thrombin axis in neuropathic and inflammatory pain
Authors: Tsujita Ryuichi , Tsubota Maho , Sekiguchi Fumiko , Kawabata Atsufumi 
Published: May 2020

High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a nuclear protein, once released to the extracellular space, facilitates pain signals as well as inflammation. Intraplantar or intraspinal application of HMGB1 elicits hyperalgesia/allodynia in rodents by activating the advanced glycosylation end‐product specific receptor (receptor for advanced glycation end‐products; RAGE) or Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4). Endogenous HMGB1 derived from neurons, perineuronal cells or immune cells accumulating in the dorsal root ganglion or sensory nerves participates in somatic and visceral pain consisting of neuropathic and/or inflammatory components. Endothelial thrombomodulin (TM) and recombinant human soluble TM, TMα, markedly increase thrombin‐dependent degradation of HMGB1, and systemic administration of TMα prevents and reverses various HMGB1‐dependent pathological pain. Low MW compounds that directly inactivate HMGB1 or antagonize HMGB1‐targeted receptors would be useful to reduce various forms of intractable pain. Thus, HMGB1 and its receptors are considered to serve as promising targets in developing novel agents to prevent or treat pathological pain.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc
Human papillomavirus genotype contribution to cervical cancer and precancer: Implications for screening and vaccination in Japan
Authors: Onuki Mamiko , Matsumoto Koji , Iwata Takashi , Yamamoto Kasumi , Aoki Yoichi , Maenohara Shoji , Tsuda Naotake , Kamiura Shoji , Takehara Kazuhiro , Horie Koji , Tasaka Nobutaka , Yahata Hideaki , Takei Yuji , Aoki Yoichi , Kato Hisamori , Motohara Takeshi , Nakamura Keiichiro , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tatsuya , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Matsumura Noriomi , Nakai Hidekatsu , Shigeta Shogo , Takahashi Fumiaki , Noda Kiichiro , Yaegashi Nobuo , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo obtain baseline data for cervical cancer prevention in Japan, we analyzed human papillomavirus (HPV) data from 5045 Japanese women aged less than 40 years and diagnosed with cervical abnormalities at 21 hospitals during 2012‐2017. These included cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1, n = 573), CIN2‐3 (n = 3219), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, n = 123), and invasive cervical cancer (ICC, n = 1130). The Roche Linear Array was used for HPV genotyping. The HPV type‐specific relative contributions (RCs) were estimated by adding multiple infections to single types in accordance with proportional weighting attributions. Based on the comparison of type‐specific RCs between CIN1 and CIN2‐3/AIS/ICC (CIN2+), RC ratios were calculated to estimate type‐specific risks for progression to CIN2+. Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 85.5% of CIN1, 95.7% of CIN2‐3/AIS, and 91.2% of ICC. Multiple infections decreased with disease severity: 42.9% in CIN1, 40.4% in CIN2‐3/AIS, and 23.7% in ICC (P < .0001). The relative risk for progression to CIN2+ was highest for HPV16 (RC ratio 3.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.01‐4.98), followed by HPV31 (2.51, 1.54‐5.24), HPV18 (2.43, 1.59‐4.32), HPV35 (1.56, 0.43‐8.36), HPV33 (1.01, 0.49‐3.31), HPV52 (0.99, 0.76‐1.33), and HPV58 (0.97, 0.75‐1.32). The relative risk of disease progression was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.71‐2.05) for HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58, but only 0.17 (95% CI, 0.14‐0.22) for HPV39/51/56/59/66/68. Human papillomavirus 16/18/31/33/45/52/58/6/11 included in a 9‐valent vaccine contributed to 89.7% (95% CI, 88.7‐90.7) of CIN2‐3/AIS and 93.8% (95% CI, 92.4‐95.3) of ICC. In conclusion, our data support the Japanese guidelines that recommend discriminating HPV16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58 genotypes for CIN management. The 9‐valent vaccine is estimated to provide over 90% protection against ICC in young Japanese women.
Common and different alterations of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Kim Yonggoo , Kang Dain , Kwon Ahlm , Kim Jiyeon , Min Kim Jung , Park Sung‐Soo , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Min Chang‐Ki , Kim Myungshin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) derived from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM).MethodsBM‐MSCs were recovered from 17 of MDS patients, 23 of MM patients and 9 healthy donors and were passaged until proliferation stopped. General characteristics and gene expression profiles of MSCs were analysed. In vitro, ex vivo coculture, immunohistochemistry and knockdown experiments were performed to verify gene expression changes.ResultsBM‐MSCs failed to culture in 35.0% of patients and 50.0% of recovered BM‐MSCs stopped to proliferate before passage 6. MDS‐ and MM‐MSCs shared characteristics including decreased osteogenesis, increased angiogenesis and senescence‐associated molecular pathways. In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed disease‐specific changes such as neurogenic tendency in MDS‐MSCs and cardiomyogenic tendency in MM‐MSCs. Although the age of normal control was younger than patients and telomere length was shorter in patient's BM‐MSCs, they were not different according to disease category nor degree of proliferation. Specifically, poorly proliferation BM‐MSCs showed CDKN2A overexpression and CXCL12 downregulation. Immunohistochemistry of BM biopsy demonstrated that CDKN2A was intensely accumulation in perivascular BM‐MSCs failed to culture. Interestingly, patient's BM‐MSCs revealed improved proliferation activity after CDKN2A knockdown.ConclusionThese results collectively indicate that MDS‐MSCs and MM‐MSCs have common and different alterations at various degrees. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate their alteration status using representative markers such as CDKN2A expression.
Valuing Personal Data with Privacy Consideration
Authors: Li Xiao‐Bai , Liu Xiaoping , Motiwalla Luvai 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTA key challenge in information privacy research is how to value personal data with privacy consideration. In this study, we propose an experimental auction approach for valuing personal data. We use the generalized second‐price auction to assess the monetary values of individuals’ identity, demographic, and private information. We find that individuals’ economic valuation of personal data is consistent with their actual self‐disclosure behaviors. The economic valuation approach also produces results that are consistent with some well‐accepted observations about consumer demographics and privacy. On the other hand, individuals’ stated privacy preferences and attitudes are not consistent with their economic valuation. The findings of this study suggest that the proposed approach can be an effective mechanism for measuring personal data privacy. This study also provides important insights into valuing personal information for practical uses with several implications to policy decision makers, corporate executives and managers, data analysts, as well as decision science researchers.
New‐onset refractory status epilepticus and febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: Specchio Nicola , Pietrafusa Nicola 
Published: May 2020

New‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) and febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) are relatively rare clinical presentations. They are characterized by de novo onset of refractory status epilepticus (RSE) without clearly identifiable acute or active cause (structural, toxic, or metabolic). We reviewed the literature using PubMed reports published between 2003 and 2019 and summarized the clinical, neurophysiological, imaging, and treatment findings. Focal motor seizures, which tend to evolve into status epilepticus, characterize the typical presentation. Disease course is biphasic: acute phase followed by chronic phase with refractory epilepsy and neurological impairment. Aetiology is unknown, but immune‐inflammatory‐mediated epileptic encephalopathy is suspected. Electroencephalograms show variety in discharges (sporadic or periodic, focal, generalized, or more frequently bilateral), sometimes with a multifocal pattern. About 70% of adult NORSE have abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); in paediatric series of FIRES, 61.2% of patients have a normal brain MRI at the beginning and only 18.5% during the chronic phase. No specific therapy for FIRES and NORSE currently exists; high doses of barbiturates and ketogenic diet can be used with some effectiveness. Recently, anakinra and tocilizumab, targeting interleukin pathways, have emerged as potential specific therapies. Mortality rate is around 12% in children and even higher in adults (16–27%).What this paper addsDiagnosis for febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) requires prior febrile infection.FIRES is considered a subcategory of new‐onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).Clinical features, differential diagnosis, and pathophysiologic hypothesis are reviewed.
A Review of Effectiveness Evidence in theFinancial‐HelpingFields
Authors: Dew Jeffrey , Dean Luke , Duncan Stephen F. , Britt‐Lutter Sonya 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveWe reviewed the literature on four financial‐helping fields—the family resource management content area of family life education, financial education, personal financial planning, and financial counseling—in search of best evidence‐based practices when working with individuals and families concerning issues related to money.MethodExperts in each field of the financial helping professions reviewed common practices in their own field and identified best practices when possible.ResultsAlthough we found that reviews of financial education outcome research exist, researchers and practitioners have made few attempts to examine best practices in these fields; most of the practices that professionals use in these four fields have not been empirically tested for effectiveness. Consequently, we provide a general overview of common practices within the four fields.ImplicationsWe implore practitioners and researchers to undertake evaluation research as a means to decipher what works, for whom it works, and to what extent it works.
The role of cyclin D1 and Ki‐67 in the development and prognostication of thin melanoma
Authors: Kaufmann Corina , Kempf Werner , Mangana Joanna , Cheng Phil , Emberger Michael , Lang Roland , Kaiser Andreas K , Lattmann Evelyn , Levesque Mitchell , Dummer Reinhard , Koelblinger Peter 
Published: May 2020

AimsDespite their low individual metastatic potential, thin melanomas (≤1 mm Breslow thickness) contribute significantly to melanoma mortality overall. Therefore, identification of prognostic biomarkers is particularly important in this subgroup of melanoma. Prompted by preclinical results, we investigated cyclin D1 protein and Ki‐67 expression in in‐situ, metastatic and non‐metastatic thin melanomas.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry was performed on 112 melanoma specimens, comprising 22 in situ, 48 non‐metastatic and 42 metastatic thin melanomas. Overall, epidermal and dermal cyclin D1 and Ki‐67 expression were semiquantitatively evaluated by three independent investigators and compared between groups. Epidermal Ki‐67 expression did not differ statistically in in‐situ and invasive melanoma (P = 0.7). Epidermal cyclin D1 expression was significantly higher in thin invasive than in in‐situ melanoma (P = 0.003). No difference was found in cyclin D1 expression between metastatic and non‐metastatic invasive tumours. Metastatic and non‐metastatic thin melanomas did not show significant differences in epidermal expression of Ki‐67 and cyclin D1 (P = 0.148 and P = 0.611, respectively). In contrast, strong dermal expression of Ki‐67 was more frequent in metastatic than non‐metastatic samples (28.6 versus 8.3%, respectively, P = 0.001). The prognostic value of dermal Ki‐67 expression was confirmed by multivariate analysis (P = 0.047).ConclusionWe found an increased expression of cyclin D1 in invasive thin melanomas compared to in‐situ melanomas, which supports a potential role of this protein in early invasion in melanoma, as suggested by preclinical findings. Moreover, our results confirm that high dermal Ki‐67 expression is associated with an increased risk of development of metastasis in thin melanoma and could possibly serve as a prognostic biomarker in clinical practice, especially if combined with additional methods.