bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model of flexible motor sequencing through thalamic control of cortical dynamics
Authors: Logiaco Laureline , Abbott L.F. , Escola Sean 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which neural circuits generate an extensible library of motor motifs and flexibly string them into arbitrary sequences are unclear. We developed a model in which inhibitory basal ganglia output neurons project to thalamic units that are themselves bidirectionally connected to a recurrent cortical network. During movement sequences, electrophysiological recordings of basal ganglia output neurons show sustained activity patterns that switch at the boundaries between motifs. Thus, we model these inhibitory patterns as silencing some thalamic neurons while leaving others disinhibited and free to interact with cortex during specific motifs. We show that a small number of disinhibited thalamic neurons can control cortical dynamics to generate specific motor output in a noise robust way. If the thalamic units associated with each motif are segregated, many motor outputs can be learned without interference and then combined in arbitrary orders for the flexible production of long and complex motor sequences.
Deformed Wing Virus spillover from honey bees to bumble bees: a reverse genetic study
Authors: Gusachenko Olesya N , Woodford Luke , Balbirnie-Cumming Katharin , Ryabov Ryabov Eugene V , Evans David J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeformed wing virus (DWV) is a persistent pathogen of European honey bees and the major contributor to overwintering colony losses. The prevalence of DWV in honey bees has led to significant concerns about spillover of the virus to other pollinating species. Bumble bees are both a major group of wild and commercially-reared pollinators. Several studies have reported pathogen spillover of DWV from honey bees to bumble bees, but evidence of a true sustained viral infection has yet to be demonstrated. Here we investigate the infectivity and transmission of DWV in bumble bees using the buff-tailed bumble beeBombus terrestrisas a model. We apply a reverse genetics approach combined with controlled laboratory conditions to detect and monitor DWV infection. A novel reverse genetics system for three representative DWV variants, including the two master variants of DWV - type A and B - was used. Our results directly confirm DWV replication in bumble bees but also demonstrate striking resistance to infection by certain routes. Bumble bees may support DWV replication but it is not clear how infection could occur under natural environmental conditions.
CDE-1 suppresses the production of risiRNA by coupling polyuridylation and degradation of 26S rRNA
Authors: Wang Yun , Weng Chenchun , Chen Xiangyang , Zhou Xufei , Huang Xinya , Dong Meng-Qiu , Zhu Chengming , Guang Shouhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAntisense ribosomal siRNAs (risiRNAs) downregulate pre-rRNAs through the nuclear RNAi pathway inCaenorhabditis elegans. However, the biogenesis and regulation of risiRNAs remain obscure. Previously, we showed that 26S rRNAs are uridylated at the 3’-ends by an unknown terminal polyuridylation polymerase before the rRNAs are degraded by a 3’ to 5’ exoribonuclease SUSI-1(ceDIS3L2). There are three polyuridylation polymerases, CDE-1, PUP-2, and PUP-3, inC. elegans. Here, we found that CDE-1 is specifically involved in suppressing risiRNA production. CDE-1 localizes to perinuclear granules in the germline and uridylates both Argonaute-associated 22G-RNAs and 26S rRNAs at the 3’-ends. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) revealed that CDE-1 interacts with SUSI-1(ceDIS3L2). Consistent with those results, both CDE-1 and SUSI-1(ceDIS3L2) are required for the inheritance of RNAi. Therefore, this work identified a rRNA surveillance machinery of rRNAs that couples terminal polyuridylation and degradation.
When does diet matter? The roles of larval and adult nutrition in regulating adult size traits
Authors: Poças Gonçalo M. , Crosbie Alexander E. , Mirth Christen K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAdult body size is determined by the quality and quantity of nutrients available to animals. In insects, nutrition affects adult size primarily during the nymphal or larval stages. However, measures of adult size like body weight are likely to also change with adult nutrition. In this study, we sought to the roles of nutrition throughout the life cycle on adult body weight and the size of two appendages, the wing and the femur, in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. We manipulated nutrition in two ways: by varying the protein to carbohydrate content of the diet, called macronutrient restriction, and by changing the caloric density of the diet, termed caloric restriction. We employed a fully factorial design to manipulate both the larval and adult diets for both diet types. We found that manipulating the larval diet had greater impacts on all measures of adult size. Further, macronutrient restriction was more detrimental to adult size than caloric restriction. For adult body weight, a rich adult diet mitigated the negative effects of poor larval nutrition for both types of diets. In contrast, small wing and femur size caused by poor larval diet could not be increased with the adult diet. Taken together, these results suggest that appendage size is fixed by the larval diet, while those related to body composition remain sensitive to adult diet. Further, our studies provide a foundation for understanding how the nutritional environment of juveniles affects how adults respond to diet.
Pinging the Brain with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reveals Cortical Reactivity in Time and Space
Authors: Ahn Sangtae , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSingle-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) elicits an evoked electroencephalography (EEG) potential (TMS-evoked potential, TEP), which is interpreted as direct evidence of cortical reactivity to TMS. Thus, combining TMS with EEG may enable the mechanistic investigation of how TMS treatment paradigms engage network targets in the brain. However, there remains a central controversy about whether the TEP is a genuine marker of cortical reactivity to TMS or the TEP is contaminated by responses to peripheral somatosensory and auditory inputs. Resolving this controversy is of great significance for the field and will validate TMS as a tool to probe networks of interest in cognitive and clinical neuroscience. Here, we delineated the TEP’s cortical origins by localizing successive TEP components in time and space and modulating them subsequently with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We collected both motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and TEPs elicited by suprathreshold single-pulse TMS to the left primary motor cortex (M1). We found that the earliest TEP component (P25) was localized on the TMS target location (left M1) and the following TEP components (N45 and P60) largely were localized on the primary somatosensory cortex, which may reflect afferent input by hand-muscle twitches. The later TEP components (N100, P180, and N280) largely were localized to the auditory cortex. To casually test that these components reflect cortical and corticospinal excitability, we applied tDCS to the left M1. As hypothesized, we found that tDCS modulated cortical and corticospinal excitability selectively by modulating the pre-stimulus mu-rhythm oscillatory power. Together, our findings provide causal evidence that the early TEP components reflect cortical reactivity to TMS.
Knowledge of mental capacity assessment in staff working with people with learning disabilities
Authors: Chapman Ashley , Dodd Karen , Rogers Laurence 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate staff knowledge of Mental Capacity Act (MCA) capacity assessments within the Learning Disabilities division of a Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Trust. The limited research available suggests staff knowledge tends to be poor, particularly concerning who is the decision maker.

Design/methodology/approach
A 12-item multiple choice questionnaire, which reflects the five core principles of MCA (2005), was developed. Questionnaires were completed by 262 health and social staff members who support people with LD.

Findings
Results show high variability of MCA capacity assessment knowledge within the LD division. However, qualified staff and those from health services scored significantly higher across all categories on the questionnaire compared to non-qualified and social care staff, respectively. On average, all staff scored poorly when asked to identify “who is the decision maker?” in a case scenario question.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation is that we did not collect data on how many previous capacity assessments and discussions each person had been involved with. The findings clearly suggest current methods of training lack efficacy in helping staff apply MCA knowledge to their clinical work.

Originality/value
Compared to past literature, this study utilised a novel and more comprehensive questionnaire. This focused on case scenario questions to assess staff situational judgement. In addition, the findings add to a sparse evidence base that provides a foundation for future research.
The added value of college radio: student self development, fulfillment, and confidence
Authors: Laor Tal 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
College radio stations provide tools, skills and experience to students and graduates, facilitating their integration into the media industry. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the college radio station gives students, beyond practical tools, a sense of self-fulfillment and self-confidence.

Design/methodology/approach
Research was carried out through semi-structured in-depth interviews with about 70 interviewees: senior directors of the college radio project, students and graduates.

Findings
It was found that students gained self-fulfillment and developed considerable self-confidence through intrinsic motivation, in accordance with Deci’s self-determination model. In addition, it was found that activities in college radio stations match the components of the Project Based Learning model, based on learning in small groups and producing a real product, which is then presented to an audience.

Social implications
This will impact students to develop their high intrinsic motivation to study. As a result, they will become more creative and satisfied employees, producing higher quality and added value work. Ultimately, the outcome will be one of more positive social welfare and individual well-being.

Originality/value
This research emphasizes the importance of integrating practical workshops in academic studies as a way to empower students in all fields: theoretical study, practical experience and personal development.
Scenario based approach to re-imagining future of higher education which prepares students for the future of work
Authors: Ahmad Tashfeen 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The world of work and education is changing at a rapid pace, driven by continued technological disruption and automation. The future is uncertain and difficult to envisage. A futures thinking scenario planning approach is used in exploring and guiding education policy makers on how best to respond to the range of possible futures. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilizes elements of prior scenario planning methodologies to devise a practical model of preferred and plausible likely scenarios in the context of rapid and continuing technology disruption. Based on the notion of “impact and uncertainty,” two possible future alternatives of work and learning were developed. Incorporating elements of the possibility space scenario framework and a vignette approach of current emergent technologies, this paper assessed the usefulness of the preferred and likely outcomes.

Findings
While preferred future scenarios entailing collaborative styles such as human–machine cooperation, smart virtual active learning campuses and living knowledge learning environments may produce more desirable benefits for education stakeholders, the more likely plausible scenario is one based on continued disruptive technologies. Automation, artificial intelligence and the advent of 5G network technologies will drive customization and personalization in higher education delivery and revolutionize the work landscape in the immediate future. Universities will need to embrace and respond to these changes.

Originality/value
The paper gives insights into how universities can prepare their students for future of work and improve their employability. In addition, this author recommends ways in which HEIs can leverage these newer technologies to drive educational services and commercial value.
To share or withhold? Contract negotiation in buyer–supplier–supplier triads
Authors: Chen Xu , Wang Xiaojun , Zhu Xiaoqiang , Amankwah-Amoah Joseph 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThis paper seeks to fill the literature gap that lacks of exploring negotiation strategy with competing partners under asymmetric production-cost information. The purpose of this paper is to examine firms’ optimal contract negotiation strategies in buyer–supplier–supplier triads where there are concurrent negotiations between the retailer and two competing manufacturers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors consider a two-echelon supply chain, in which the retailer has the option of segmented or unified negotiation policy, whereas the two competing manufacturers can withhold or share production cost information in the negotiation. Based on game theory, the authors derive the manufacturers’ optimal wholesale prices and the retailer’s optimal retail prices with eight possible scenarios. Optimal strategic choices and operational decisions are then explored through the comparative analysis of equilibriums of eight possible scenarios.FindingsThe authors find that the retailer will adopt different negotiation strategies depending on manufacturers’ decisions on sharing or withholding their production-cost information. When both manufacturers share their production-cost information, the retailer will adopt a unified negotiation policy. The high-efficiency manufacturer should adopt the same information-sharing strategy as the low-efficiency manufacturer in order to gain more profit.Originality/valueThe modelling helps to bring further clarity in supply chain contract negotiation by offering a conceptual framework to enhance our understanding of the effects of information-sharing strategy and negotiation policy in the negotiation process form the perspectives of all engaging parties. Managerial insights derived from the research will enable retailers and manufacturers to make informed and better strategic and operational decisions to improve market competitiveness.
How ethical leadership cultivates radical and incremental innovation: the mediating role of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing
Authors: Lei Hui , Ha Anh Thi Lan , Le Phong Ba 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of ethical leadership on radical and incremental innovation through the mediating roles of tacit and explicit knowledge sharing (KS).Design/methodology/approachThe paper used a quantitative research method and structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses based on a sample of 365 participants from 115 Vietnamese firms.FindingsThe results indicated that ethical leadership is positively related to radical and incremental innovation. In addition, tacit and explicit KS significantly mediate the relationship between ethical leadership and the two types of innovation.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is cross-sectional, which limits its ability to control the specific features of the correlations among the factors in the long term.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that leaders should invest in practicing and applying a moral lens to motivate positive KS behaviors of employees and organizational capabilities for innovation.Originality/valueThis study significantly fills gaps in the literature and advances the understanding of how ethical leadership fosters employees’ KS to improve radical and incremental innovation.
A multi-layer framework for semantic modeling
Authors: Silva Sergio Evangelista , Reis Luciana Paula , Fernandes June Marques , Pereira Alana Deusilan Sester 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a multi-level framework for semantic modeling (MFSM) based on four signification levels: objects, classes of entities, instances and domains. In addition, four fundamental propositions of the signification process underpin these levels, namely, classification, decomposition, instantiation and contextualization.Design/methodology/approachThe deductive approach guided the design of this modeling framework. The authors empirically validated the MFSM in two ways. First, the authors identified the signification processes used in articles that deal with semantic modeling. The authors then applied the MFSM to model the semantic context of the literature about lean manufacturing, a field of management science.FindingsThe MFSM presents a highly consistent approach about the signification process, integrates the semantic modeling literature in a new and comprehensive view; and permits the modeling of any semantic context, thus facilitating the development of knowledge organization systems based on semantic search.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of MFSM is manual and, thus, requires a considerable effort of the team that decides to model a semantic context. In this paper, the modeling was generated by specialists, and in the future should be applicated to lay users.Practical implicationsThe MFSM opens up avenues to a new form of classification of documents, as well as for the development of tools based on the semantic search, and to investigate how users do their searches.Social implicationsThe MFSM can be used to model archives semantically in public or private settings. In future, it can be incorporated to search engines for more efficient searches of users.Originality/valueThe MFSM provides a new and comprehensive approach about the elementary levels and activities in the process of signification. In addition, this new framework presents a new form to model semantically any context classifying its objects.
Networking as an information behaviour during job search
Authors: Mowbray John , Hall Hazel 
Published: December 2019

PurposeAlthough social networks are considered influential to employment outcomes, little is known about the behavioural manifestation of networking during job search. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of networking amongst 16–24 year old active jobseekers living in Scotland.Design/methodology/approachA sequential, mixed methods approach was applied to gather data, including interviews (no. of participants=7), a focus group (no. of participants=6) and a survey questionnaire (no. of participants=558). The study design was underpinned by a prominent model from the field of Information Science. As such, job search networking has been treated as an information behaviour.FindingsThe findings show that young people acquire different types of information from network contacts throughout job search, and that frequent networking is associated with positive outcomes. This is especially true of engaging with family members, acquaintances and employers. However, barriers such as a lack of confidence or awareness mean that few young people make the most of their social contacts when seeking work.Practical implicationsCareers professionals can use this knowledge to advise clients on maximising the potential of social networks as sources of job search information.Originality/valueA key contribution of this work is that it provides a detailed insight into a topic that has been neglected in previous studies: that of the process of job search networking as an information behaviour.
“Tourism for all?” Considering social tourism: a perspective paper
Authors: McCabe Scott 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to outline the context for social tourism as an approach that can help deliver societal goals, such as reducing inequalities, as well as benefits for deserving beneficiaries and the tourism industry. The paper highlights how social tourism can develop in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes a conceptual approach to discuss these issues.

Findings
This paper finds that there is a great deal of potential for social tourism to contribute to the future sustainability in the tourism industry.

Originality/value
This paper provides a concise overview of the topic of social tourism and a model that can help researchers and other readers to understand the ways that social tourism can contribute towards a more sustainable and equitable tourism future.
An efficiency‐improved genetic algorithm and its application on multimodal functions and a 2D common reflection surface stacking problem
Authors: Villa Acuna Yenni Paloma , Sun Yimin 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough Genetic Algorithms have found many successful applications in the field of exploration geophysics, the convergence speed remains a big challenge as Genetic Algorithms usually require a huge amount of fitness function evaluations. In this paper, we propose an efficiency‐improved Genetic Algorithm, which has both a good global search capability and a good local search capability, and is also capable of robustly handling the premature convergence challenge commonly seen in linear and directed non‐linear optimization methods. In our new genetic algorithm, the global search capability is performed via a modified island model, while the local search capability is provided by a novel self‐adaptive differential evolution fine tuning scheme. Premature convergence is dealt with via a local exhaustive search method. We first demonstrate the much improved convergence speed of this efficiency‐improved Genetic Algorithm over that of our previously proposed advanced Genetic Algorithm on several multimodal functions. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of our efficiency‐improved Genetic Algorithm by applying it to a two‐dimensional common reflection surface stacking problem, which is a highly nonlinear geophysical optimization problem, to obtain very encouraging results.