bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary and side effects of particular Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants - literature review
Authors: Krzewicka-Romaniuk Ewa , Siedlecka Dagna , Romaniuk Artur 
Published: October 2020

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), along with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), are the first-line drugs in the treatment of depression. Pharmacotherapy of psychiatric disorders with SSRIs is widely practised. Although SSRIs are thought to be relatively safe group of drugs, it is worth to remember that particular SSRIs agents are related to unique secondary and side effects. Knowledge about basic differences between each medication in this group is essential to choose suitable treatment for every patient.
The effect of intestinal microbiota on pregnancy and baby's health
Authors: Wojcik Justyna , Obuchowska Aleksandra , Ozga Alicja , Standyło Arkadiusz , Obuchowska Karolina , Kimber-Trojnar Żaneta , Leszczyńska-Gorzelak Bożena 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The intestinal microflora (IM) is a heterogeneous complex of all microorganisms inhabiting the human body, both commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic. It consists mainly of bacteria, but also of viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. IM has an important metabolic and immunological role and participates in the course of pathological processes. The composition of a newborn and baby’s IM changes dynamically in the first year of life. Just in the first days of birth, the newborn is exposed to many different strains of bacteria, including Staphylococcus sp. and Enterococcus sp.Aim: To purpose of systematic review was to collect and analyze material of effect of the mother's gut microbiota on the pregnancy and of the health of baby.Material and methods: Review of the literature published in 2008-2020.Conclusion: The uterus environment was originally considered sterile and the newborn's intestines were to be colonized only during and after delivery. However, recent studies indicate that placenta and amniotic fluid are involved in microbiota colonization of fetal intestines during prenatal life. This means that the fetus has an initial stock of microorganisms before birth. In addition, a significant effect of maternal diet and probiotic supplementation during pregnancy on the composition of microorganisms found in the amniotic fluid has been demonstrated. There is also a relationship between microbiotic programming in the aspect of civilization diseases. Summary: The education of women of reproductive age on the subject of proper nutrition and supplementation during pregnancy and the puerperium is extremely important. Undertaking pro-health activities will affect the child's future health and development.
Amplitude randomness of spontaneous emission influence on the coherence properties of a laser
Authors: Li Mi , Yang Xiaomin , Ji Yulong , Zhang Rongzhu 
Published: October 2020

Based on the randomness of spontaneous emission, the statistical characteristics of phase noise are discussed. A theoretical analysis model, focusing on the amplitude randomness of spontaneous emission, is established to calculate laser phase noise. Then, the coherence of a laser before and after phase-locked control is calculated when an ideal laser and nonideal laser are used as a reference light in an optical phase-locked loop (OPLL). The effects of the amplitude randomness of spontaneous emission on phase-locked laser coherence are analyzed in detail. The results show that phase noise randomness increases with the increase of the expectation or variance of spontaneous emission amplitude, which represents amplitude randomness. When an ideal light is used as reference light, if the expectation and the variance of spontaneous emission amplitude are about 10 and 100, respectively, the time constant of an OPLL should be set as 1 ns, while a favorable noise suppression result can be achieved. However, to achieve a favorable noise suppression result, the time constant of an OPLL should be set as 0.1 ns when a nonideal laser is used as reference light.
Investigating the effect of unachieved minimum acceptable diet and low infant and child feeding index as risk factors of stunting in children aged 6-23 months
Authors: Limardi Suryadi , Hasanah Dini Mutia , Utami Ni Made Dwiyathi , Sidiartha I Gusti Lanang 
Published: October 2020

Background The complementary feeding period of 6-24 months of age is one of the most crucial moments in child growth, in which most of the decline in length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) occurs. The Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) and Infant and Child Feeding Index (ICFI) are indicators to assess complementary feeding practices in the children with potential for stunting.
Objective To assess and compare the usefulness of MAD and ICFI scores as indicators of inadequate feeding practice on stunting in children aged 6-23 months.
Methods This case-control study was conducted in South and West Wewewa subdisctricts of Southwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, from February to August 2019. Participants were children aged 6-23 months who had received complementary feeding for a minimum duration of one month. Children with LAZ <-2 were allocated into the case group (stunted) and those with LAZ>-2 into the control group. Both MAD and ICFI scores were assessed in both groups. ICFI was categorized as low, average, and high. The association between complementary feeding practice which depicted by the MAD and ICFI scores and stunting was measured using logistic regression.
Results Of 322 participants, 161 children were allocated into each group. Multivariate analysis revealed that those in low and average ICFI tertile had higher odds of stunting [(OR 2.85; 95%CI 1.35 to 6.00; P<0.01) and (OR 1.95; 95%CI 1.09 to 3.46; P<0.05), respectively]. No association was found between MAD and stunting.
Conclusion Inadequate complementary feeding practice is found to increase the risk of stunting among children aged 6-23 months. Compared to MAD, ICFI is a better indicator in demonstrating an association between complementary feeding practice and stunting.
A Central Amygdala-Globus Pallidus Circuit Conveys Unconditioned Stimulus-Related Information and Controls Fear Learning
Authors: Giovanniello Jacqueline , Yu Kai , Furlan Alessandro , Nachtrab Gregory Thomas , Sharma Radhashree , Chen Xiaoke , Li Bo 
Published: October 2020

The central amygdala (CeA) is critically involved in a range of adaptive behaviors, including defensive behaviors. Neurons in the CeA send long-range projections to a number of extra-amygdala targets, but the functions of these projections remain elusive. Here, we report that a previously neglected CeA-to-globus pallidus external segment (GPe) circuit plays an essential role in classical fear conditioning. By anatomic tracing,in situhybridization and channelrhodopsin (ChR2)-assisted circuit mapping in both male and female mice, we found that a subset of CeA neurons send projections to the GPe, and the majority of these GPe-projecting CeA neurons express the neuropeptide somatostatin. Notably, chronic inhibition of GPe-projecting CeA neurons with the tetanus toxin light chain (TeLC) completely blocks auditory fear conditioning.In vivofiber photometry revealed that these neurons are selectively excited by the unconditioned stimulus (US) during fear conditioning. Furthermore, transient optogenetic inactivation or activation of these neurons selectively during US presentation impairs or promotes, respectively, fear learning. Our results suggest that a major function of GPe-projecting CeA neurons is to represent and convey US-related information through the CeA-GPe circuit, thereby regulating learning in fear conditioning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe central amygdala (CeA) has been implicated in the establishment of defensive behaviors toward threats, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that a subpopulation of neurons in the CeA, which are mainly those that express the neuropeptide somatostatin, send projections to the globus pallidus external segment (GPe), and this CeA-GPe circuit conveys unconditioned stimulus (US)-related information during classical fear conditioning, thereby having an indispensable role in learning. Our results reveal a previously unknown circuit mechanism for fear learning.
Квазі-геодезичні відображення спеціальних псевдоріманових просторів
Authors: Kurbatova Irina , Піструіл М. І. 
Published: October 2020

Стаття присвячена досліженню спеціального типу дифеоморфізмів псевдоріманових просторів з афінорною структурою. В [4] вивчалися дифеоморфізми псевдоріманових просторів, які є квазі-геодезичними відображеннями [2] і водночас майже геодезичними другого типу [3]. За означенням при квазі-геодезичному відображенні, що відповідає афінору $F^h_i$, геодезичні лінії простору $(V_n, g_{ij})$ переходять в так звані квазі-геодезичні лінії іншого простору $(\overline{V}_n, \overline{g}_{ij}, F^h_i)$. В [4], [8] вважалося, що КГВ $V_n$ на $\overline{V}_n$ задовольняє умові взаємності, тобто зворотне відображення також є квазі-геодезичним, відповідаючим тому ж афінору $F^h_i$. При цьому умови на афінор носять суто алгебраїчний характер (узгодженість з метричними тензорами $V_n$ і $\overline{V}_n$). При майже геодезичному відображенні другого типу за означенням геодезичні лінії $(V_n, g_{ij}, F^h_i)$ переходять в майже геодезичні лінії $(\overline{V}_n, \overline{g}_{ij})$, якщо афінор $F^h_i$ в $V_n$ задовольняє певним диференціальним рівнянням. В \cite{Kurbatova1980} доведено, що сукупність вказаних алгебраїчних і диференціальних умов приводить до того, що афінор $F^h_i,$ необхідно визначає на $V_n$ $e-$структуру, і розглянуто еліптичний та гіперболічний випадки. Ми називаємо афінорну структуру з такими умовами узагальнено-рекурентною ( а $V_n$ з такою структурою, відповідно, узагальнено-рекурентним простором) і обираємо для дослідження квазі-геодезичні відображення узагальнено-рекурентних просторів параболічного типу. В даній статті знайдено зв'язок тензора Рімана узагальнено-рекурентного простору з вектором узагальненої рекурентності. Доведено, що клас псевдо-ріманових просторів з узагальнено-рекурентною структурою параболічного типу замкнутий відносно розглядуваних відображень, але при цьому вектори узагальненої рекурентності просторів $V_n$ і $\overline{V}_n$ можуть не співпадати. Якщо вектор узагальненої рекурентності градієнтний, в узагальнено-рекурентному просторі існує $K$-структура. Доведено, що якщо $K$-простір допускає квазі-геодезичне відображення зі збереженням інтегровної $K$-структури параболічного типу, то ця $K$-структура - келерова, хоча сама по собі інтегровна $K$-структура параболічного типу може не бути келеровою. Знайдена структура тензора Рімана узагальнено-рекурентного простору параболічного типу, який допускає квазі-геодезичне відображення на плоский простір. Приведено компоненти метричного тензора такого простору в спеціальній системі координат.
Promoting Alzheimer's Risk-Reduction through Community-Based Lifestyle Education and Exercise in Rural America: A Pilot Intervention
Authors: Blocker Erin , Fry Andrew , Luebbers Paul , Burns Jeffrey , Perales-Puchalt Jaime , Hansen David , Vidoni Eric 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Rural Americans (RA) have poorer vascular health and physical activity levels than their urban counterparts; all are dementia risk factors. Dementia risk reduction among rural individuals requires a tailored approach. The purpose of this project was to examine preliminary efficacy of a community-based physical exercise and/or dementia risk factor-reduction curriculum among rural adults 50 and older.
Methods. Seventy-five rural dwelling adults 50 and older were randomized to one of three groups: 1) 10 weeks of Alzheimer’s disease risk-reduction education (ED), 2) risk-reduction education and supervised exercise (EDEX) or 3) control group (CON). Outcomes included baseline to 10-week follow-up difference in dementia knowledge (primary outcome) and physical activity, muscular endurance, healthy lifestyle engagement, and anthropometrics (secondary outcomes).
Results. Sixty-nine adults successfully completed the 10-week study. Dementia knowledge increased in a Treatment Arm-dependent manner (χ2 = 6.95 (2), p = 0.03), being ED and EDEX superior to CON. Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors did not change statistically. However, participation specifically in physical activity increased over time (χ2 = 11.47 (2), p = 0.003) with EDEX reporting the greatest increases. No significant change in average daily steps was observed for any group.
Conclusion. The results suggested dementia risk-reduction education, both with and without structured exercise, leads to improvements in dementia knowledge. When coupled with regular, supervised exercise, this education intervention also helped participants increase engagement in physical activity over 10 weeks. Tailored interventions that combine Alzheimer’s disease education and regular, supervised exercise may help reduce dementia risk in rural communities.
Methotrexate Polyglutamation in a Myasthenia Gravis Clinical Trial
Authors: Pasnoor Mamatha , Heim Andrew J. , Herbelin Laura , Statland Jeffrey , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Becker Mara , Barohn Richard J. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Methotrexate (MTX) is an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune conditions. MTX is transported into cells, where glutamate moieties are added and is retained as methotrexate polyglutamates (MTXPGs). In the RA literature, it has been reported that the degree of polyglutamation correlates with the anti-inflammatory effect of MTX in RA. There are no prior studies evaluating the relationship between MTXPGs and myasthenia gravis (MG) outcome measures. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between methotrexate (MTX) polyglutamates (MTXPGs) with Myasthenia Gravis (MG) outcome measures.
Methods.xAn analysis was done of blood drawn from patients enrolled in the 12-month randomized, placebo-controlled study of MTX in MG study. Red blood cell MTXPGs were measured via ultraperformance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. MTXPG was correlated to MG outcome measures using Spearman Correlation Coefficient. A two-group t-test was used to determine the difference in MTXPG based on clinical outcome responder definitions.
Results. Twenty-one polyglutamate samples were analyzed of subjects on MTX while eight samples were analyzed from subjects on placebo. Pentaglutamate had the strongest correlation with the MG-ADL (0.99), while tetraglutamate had the strongest correlation with the QMG (0.54). Triglutamate had the strongest correlation with MGC (0.76).
Conclusion. There were variable correlations between MTXPG1-5 and MG outcomes (rho range: 0.08 to 0.99). There are strong correlations between MTXPG and the MG-ADL, QMG, and MGC. Long chain methotrexate polyglutamates correlate better with MG outcomes.
Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Re-operation and Revision Surgery after Femoral Neck Fracture Treatment
Authors: Messner Mitchell , Chong Alexander , Piatt Bruce 
Published: October 2020

Introduction. Smokers and nicotine users have a higher risk of femoral neck fracture non-union and prolonged time to fracture union. The impact of smoking resulting in revision surgery after fixation of femoral neck fractures, however, rarely has been studied. The aim of this retrospective study was to review if cigarette smoking had an influence on re-operation and revision after femoral neck fracture treatment.
Methods. Three groups of patients (Group 1: active smokers; Group 2: former smokers; and Group 3: non-smokers) who sustained a femoral neck fracture from January 2012 through August 2018 were included. Outcomes investigated included femoral neck fracture type, operative fixation type, fixation failure, and time interval between initial fixation and revision.
Results. A total of 1,452 subjects were identified (Group 1: 165 subjects; Group 2: 507 subjects; and Group 3: 780 subjects). In the male population, Groups 1 and 2 had higher rates of femoral neck fracture than Group 3. Twelve cases required revisions (Group 1: three cases (6%); Group 2: two cases (2%); Group 3: seven cases (4%)), with all but one revision within the first year following initial fixation. Group 1 patients tended to be younger than the other two groups.
Conclusion. Smoking has a positive association with the risk of femoral neck fracture amongst active and former male smokers. This study concluded that active smokers have a higher risk of non-union compared with non-smokers or former smokers. Smoking history, especially heavy or long-term, should play a role in deciding which fixation construct type to use for femoral neck fractures.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AROMATERAPI LAVENDER TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI LUKA IBU POST SECTIO CAESAREA DI RST dr MALANG
Authors: Maulina Rizful Maulina 
Published: October 2020

Sectio caesarea merupakan pembedahan dilakukan dengan membuat sayatan yang selalu berhubungan dengan insisi yang menimbulkan berbagai keluhan dan gejala. Salah satu keluhan yang sering dikemukakan adalah nyeri. Aromaterapi lavender merupakan salah satu pengobatan nonfarmakologi yang dapat mengurangi nyeri karena kandungan yang dimilikinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lavender untuk penurunan skala nyeri luka ibu post sectio caesarea. Desain penelitian pre experiment design dengan one group pre test-post test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ibu post sectio caesarea hari ke 1-2 bulan Juni 2017. Sampelnya ibu post sectio caesarea sejumlah 8 responden. Teknik sampling menggunakan Purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sebelum pemberian aromaterapi lavender menunjukkan 100% responden mengalami nyeri sedang. Setelah pemberian aromaterapi lavender menunjukkan bahwa 62,5% responden dengan nyeri sedang dan 37,5% dengan nyeri ringan. Hasil analisa data nilai p value sebesar 0,021 yang kurang dari α (0,05) sehingga H1 diterima yakni ada pengaruh pemberian aromaterapi lavender terhadap penurunan nyeri luka ibu post sectio caesarea. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka disarankan tenaga medis dapat mengkombinasikan farmakologi dan non farmakologi dalam praktek kebidanan sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi nyeri pada ibu post sectio caesarea.Kata Kunci: sikap orang tua, sikap teman sebaya, akses media, perilaku seksual pranikah beresiko IMS
Turnover Intention Among Nurses in Nurse Managers, Directors, and Executives: Developing a Tool for Measuring Environmental Factors
Authors: Warden Deborah Hughes , Hughes Ronda G. , Probst Janice C. , Adams Swann Arp , Warden David N. 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeTurnover among nurse managers, directors, and executives is associated with staff nurse retention and patient outcomes. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of an instrument to evaluate factors associated with intent to leave among these leaders within acute care facilities.MethodsThe Nurse Leader Environment Support Survey (NLESS) was developed and evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing (Cronbach's α). Data was obtained as part of a large nationwide electronic survey (N = 1,903).ResultsFactors converged into three major themes (organizational culture, professional vulnerability, and workplace relationships) which were consistent across all three leadership groups. Factor subscales exhibited Cronbach's α > .7.ConclusionsThe NLESS is a useful tool in comparing reasons for turnover among nursing leadership groups. Future refinement may prove useful in identifying and clarifying foundational causes of turnover.
Reliability and Validity of the Knowledge of Person-Centered Behavioral Approaches for BPSD Test
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Kolanowski Ann , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Behrens Liza , Eshraghi Karen , Viviano Nicole , Madrigal Caroline 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeThe purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Knowledge of Person-Centered Behavioral Approaches for BPSD based on a Rasch analysis.MethodsThis study used baseline data from the Implementation of the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (EIT-4-BPSD) clinical trial.ResultsA total 1,071 nurses completed the test. There was evidence of reliability (alpha coefficient of .99), construct validity with INFIT and OUTFIT statistics in the .6 to 1.4 range, and hypothesis testing with a significant correlation between the Knowledge of Person-Centered Behavioral Approaches for BPSD and positive care interactions.ConclusionsFuture use of the measure should include more challenging items to differentiate those very high in knowledge of person-centered behavioral approaches for BPSD.
NURSE COMPLIANCE IN CARRYING OUT PAIN ASSESSMENT IN CANCER PATIENTS [KEPATUHAN PERAWAT DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PENGKAJIAN NYERI PADA PASIEN KANKER]
Authors: Houghty Grace Solely , Tambayong Jesica Margareth , Tahulending Peggy Sara 
Published: October 2020

<p><em>Pain is a frightening thing and symptoms that are very complained of by patients with a diagnosis of cancerIn order to provide nursing care for pain, nurses need to carry out an accurate pain assessment. Pain assessment in one of the hospital is usually conducted by referring to the Standard Operating Procedures </em><em>(SOP). However, nurses do not comply with this SPO so that there is a difference in the data obtained from thquality assurance section of a hospital with reality in the field. The purpose of this study was to determinnurses' compliance in implementing standard operating procedure (SOP) for pain assessment in a privatehospital in Central Indonesia. This research method is quantitative descriptive design. The population of thisstudy were 83 nurses who worked actively in the hospital's chemotherapy room, with a total sample of 30 nurses, taken by purposive sampling technique. The results showed that the level of nurse compliance inconducting pain assessment was as follows: almost most nurses (90%) were in good categories and 67% nurses (20 people) conducted repeated pain assessments in good categories. Nurses play an important role inconducting pain assessment and management in patients therefore the nursing care becomes more effective.Further research can focus on factors that influence nurse compliance in implementing pain assessment in cancer patient.</em></p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Nyeri merupakan hal yang menakutkan dan gejala yang sangat dikeluhkan oleh pasien dengan diagnosa kanker. Agar dapat memberikan asuhan keperawatan terhadap nyeri, perawat perlu melakukan pengkajian nyeri yang akurat. Pengkajian nyeri di salah satu rumah sakit biasanya dilakukan dengan mengacu pada Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO). Namun seringkali perawat tidak mematuhi SPO ini sehingga terjadi perbedaan data yang diperoleh dari bagian penjaminan mutu suatu rumah sakit dengan kenyataan di lapangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan SPO pengkajian nyeri di sebuah rumah sakit swasta di Indonesia Bagian Tengah. Metode penelitian ini adalah desain deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 83 perawat yang bekerja aktif di ruang kemoterapi rumah sakit tersebut, dengan jumlah sampel 30 perawat, yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan perawat dalam melakukan pengkajian nyeri sebagai berikut: hampir sebagian besar perawat (90%) berada dalam kategori baik dan 67% perawat (20 orang) melakukan pengkajian nyeri secara berulang berada dalam kategori baik. Perawat memegang peranan yang penting dalam melakukan pengkajian dan manajemen nyeri pada pasien agar asuhan menjadi efektif. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat berfokus pada faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi kepatuhan perawat dalam melaksanakan pengkajian nyeri pada pasien kanker.</p>