bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity and differential rotation of the early M dwarf Kepler-45 from transit mapping
Authors: Zaleski S M , Valio A , Carter B D , Marsden S C 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Little is known of the activity and differential rotation of low luminosity, early M dwarfs from direct observation. We present the first stellar activity analysis of star-spots and faculae for the hot Jupiter hosting M1V dwarf Kepler-45 from $\it Kepler$ transit light curves. We find star-spot and facula temperatures contrasting a few hundred degrees with the quiet photosphere, hence similar to other early M dwarfs having a convective envelope surrounding a radiative core. Star-spots are prominent close to the centre of the stellar disc, with faculae prominent towards the limbs, similar to what is observed for the Sun. Star-spot and facula mean sizes are about 40 and 45 × 103 km, respectively, and thus faculae occupy a 10 per cent larger surface area than the star-spots. A short-term activity cycle of about 295 d is observed that is reminiscent of those seen for other cool dwarfs. Adopting a solar-type differential rotation profile (faster equatorial rotation than polar rotation), our star-spot and facula temporal mapping indicates a rotation period of 15.520 ± 0.025 d at the transit latitude of −33.2°. From the mean stellar rotation of 15.762 d, we estimate a rotational shear of 0.031 ± 0.004 rad d−1, or a relative differential rotation of 7.8 ± 0.9 per cent. Kepler-45’s surface rotational shear is thus consistent with observations and theoretical modelling of other early M dwarfs that indicate a shear of less than 0.045 rad d−1 and no less than 0.03 rad d−1 for stars with similar stellar rotation periods.
Probing the circumnuclear absorbing medium of the buried AGN in NGC 1068 through NuSTAR observations
Authors: Zaino A , Bianchi S , Marinucci A , Matt G , Bauer F E , Brandt W N , Gandhi P , Guainazzi M , Iwasawa K , Puccetti S , Ricci C , Walton D J 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the results of the latest NuSTAR monitoring campaign of the Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, composed of four ∼50 ks observations performed between 2017 July and 2018 February to search for flux and spectral variability on time-scales from 1 to 6 months. We detect one unveiling and one eclipsing event with time-scales less than 27 and 91 d, respectively, ascribed to Compton-thick material with NH = (1.8 ± 0.8) × 1024 and ≥ (2.4 ± 0.5) × 1024 cm−2 moving across our line of sight. This gas is likely located in the innermost part of the torus or even further inward, thus providing further evidence of the clumpy structure of the circumnuclear matter in this source. Taking advantage of simultaneous Swift–XRT observations, we also detected a new flaring ULX, at a distance d ∼ 30 arcsec (i.e. ∼2 kpc) from the nuclear region of NGC 1068, with a peak X-ray intrinsic luminosity of (3.0 ± 0.4) × 1040 erg s−1 in the 2–10 keV band.
A broad-band look of the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1748.9−2021 using AstroSat and XMM–Newton
Authors: Sharma Rahul , Beri Aru , Sanna Andrea , Dutta Anjan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
SAX J1748.9−2021 is a transient accretion powered millisecond X-ray pulsar located in the globular cluster NGC 6440. We report on the spectral and timing analysis of SAX J1748.9−2021 performed on AstroSat data taken during its faint and short outburst of 2017. We derived the best-fitting orbital solution for the 2017 outburst and obtained an average local spin frequency of 442.361098(3) Hz. The pulse profile obtained from 3 to 7 and 7 to 20 keV energy bands suggest constant fractional amplitude ∼0.5 per cent for fundamental component, contrary to previously observed energy pulse profile dependence. Our AstroSat observations revealed the source to be in a hard spectral state. The 1–50 keV spectrum from SXT (Soft X-ray Telescope) and LAXPC (Large Area X-ray Proportional Counter) on-board AstroSat can be well described with a single temperature blackbody and thermal Comptonization. Moreover, we found that the combined spectra from XMM–Newton (EPIC-PN) and AstroSat (SXT + LAXPC) indicated the presence of reflection features in the form of iron (Fe Kα) line that we modelled with the reflection model xillvercp. One of the two X-ray burst observed during the AstroSat/LAXPC observation showed hard X-ray emission (&gt;30 keV) due to Compton up-scattering of thermal photons by the hot corona. Time-resolved analysis performed on the bursts revealed complex evolution in emission radius of blackbody for second burst suggestive of mild photospheric radius expansion.
Cross-correlation of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect and weak gravitational lensing: Planck and Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam first-year data
Authors: Osato Ken , Shirasaki Masato , Miyatake Hironao , Nagai Daisuke , Yoshida Naoki , Oguri Masamune , Takahashi Ryuichi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Cross-correlation analysis of the thermal Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect and weak gravitational lensing (WL) provides a powerful probe of cosmology and astrophysics of the intracluster medium. We present the measurement of the cross-correlation of tSZ and WL from Planck and Subaru Hyper-Suprime Cam. The combination enables us to study cluster astrophysics at high redshift. We use the tSZ-WL cross-correlation and the tSZ autopower spectrum measurements to place a tight constraint on the hydrostatic mass bias, which is a measure of the degree of non-thermal pressure support in galaxy clusters. With the prior on cosmological parameters derived from the analysis of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies by Planck and taking into account foreground contributions both in the tSZ autopower spectrum and the tSZ-WL cross-correlation, the hydrostatic mass bias is estimated to be $26.9^{+8.9}_{-4.4} {{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ ($68{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CL), which is consistent with recent measurements by mass calibration techniques.
MEGARA-GTC stellar spectral library: I
Authors: García-Vargas M L , Carrasco E , Mollá M , de Paz A Gil , Berlanas S R , Cardiel N , Gómez-Alvarez P , Gallego J , Iglesias-Páramo J , Cedazo R , Pascual S , Castillo-Morales A , Pérez-Calpena A , Martínez-Delgado I 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
MEGARA (Multi Espectrógrafo en GTC de Alta Resolución para Astronomía) is an optical (3650–9750 Å), fibre-fed, medium-high spectral resolution (R = 6000, 12 000 and 20 000) instrument for the Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC) 10.4-m telescope, commissioned in the summer of 2017, and currently in operation. The scientific exploitation of MEGARA requires a stellar spectra library to interpret galaxy data and to estimate the contribution of the stellar populations. In this paper, we introduce the MEGARA-GTC spectral library, detailing the rationale behind the building of this catalogue. We present the spectra of 97 stars (21 individual stars and 56 members of the globular cluster M15, which are both subsamples taken during the commissioning runs, and 20 stars from our ongoing GTC Open-Time programme). The spectra have R = 20 000 in the HR-R and HR-I set-ups, centred at 6563 and 8633 Å, respectively. We describe the procedures to reduce and analyse the data. Then, we determine the best-fitting theoretical models to each spectrum through a χ2 minimization technique, to derive the stellar physical parameters, and we discuss the results. We have also measured some absorption lines and indices. Finally, we introduce our project to complete the library and the data base in order to make the spectra available to the community.
Neurologic and oncologic features of Erdheim–Chester disease: a 30-patient series
Authors: Bhatia Ankush , Hatzoglou Vaios , Ulaner Gary , Rampal Raajit , Hyman David M , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Durham Benjamin H , Dogan Ahmet , Ozkaya Neval , Yabe Mariko , Petrova-Drus Kseniya , Panageas Katherine S , Reiner Anne , Rosenblum Marc , Diamond Eli L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytic neoplasm characterized by recurrent alterations in the MAPK (mitogen-activating protein kinase) pathway. The existing literature about the neuro-oncological spectrum of ECD is limited.

Methods
We present retrospective clinical, radiographic, pathologic, molecular, and treatment data from 30 patients with ECD neurohistiocytic involvement treated at a tertiary center.

Results
Median age was 52 years (range, 7–77), and 20 (67%) patients were male. Presenting symptoms included ataxia in 19 patients (63%), dysarthria in 14 (47%), diabetes insipidus in 12 (40%), cognitive impairment in 10 (33%), and bulbar affect in 9 (30%). Neurosurgical biopsy specimens in 8 patients demonstrated varied morphologic findings often uncharacteristic of typical ECD lesions. Molecular analysis revealed mutations in BRAF (18 patients), MAP2K1 (5), RAS isoforms (2), and 2 fusions involving BRAF and ALK. Conventional therapies (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, interferon-alpha [IFN-α], cytotoxic chemotherapy) led to partial radiographic response in 8/40 patients (20%) by MRI with no complete responses, partial metabolic response in 4/16 (25%), and complete metabolic response in 1/16 (6%) by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scan. In comparison, targeted (kinase inhibitor) therapies yielded partial radiographic response in 10/27 (37%) and complete radiographic response in 14/27 (52%) by MRI, and partial metabolic response in 6/25 (24%) and complete metabolic response in 17/25 (68%) by FDG-PET scan.

Conclusions
These data highlight underrecognized symptomatology, heterogeneous neuropathology, and robust responses to targeted therapies across the mutational spectrum in ECD patients with neurological involvement, particularly when conventional therapies have failed.
Jonathan Dollimore
Authors: Marlow Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Jonathan Dollimore (b. 1948) is a writer and academic whose work on early modern literature, desire, and sexuality has been of preeminent importance to English studies for the last forty years. He is best known as the author of Radical Tragedy: Religion, Ideology and Power in the Drama of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries and Sexual Dissidence, as the co-editor of and key contributor to Political Shakespeare, and as the co-originator, with Alan Sinfield, of the critical practice known as cultural materialism. Taken together these interventions revolutionized literary studies by combining a dedication to close textual analysis with an examination of the social and political contexts within which texts are produced and received, a deployment of theory and philosophy and, most controversially, an explicit commitment to progressive political causes. Each of the latter three aspects of this methodology met with considerable objections because they challenged idealist notions of literature as timeless, apolitical, and offering privileged access to an unchanging human nature. Alongside New Historicism, Dollimore and Sinfield’s cultural materialism has been instrumental in introducing an interdisciplinary approach to the study of English literature, so much so that it is now routine for critics and students to consider historical documents, theory, and popular culture alongside canonical literary texts. It is, however, less common to see the political and philosophical elements of Dollimore’s method being pursued systematically, a tendency that he has lamented. Dollimore has always advocated that politics and theory should be backed up with action; to this end, in the same year as the publication of Sexual Dissidence (1991), he co-founded with Sinfield the Centre for the Study of Sexual Dissidence at the University of Sussex, a hub for research and teaching on sexuality and queer studies. The first of its kind in the United Kingdom, the controversial center did significant work to establish the discipline of queer studies/queer theory in the United Kingdom. Dollimore’s work has always been concerned with locating marginal groups within hegemonic cultures, be they gays, lesbians or bisexuals, crossdressers, sex workers, or “perverts,” and with showing how dissident ideas and practices persist alongside dominant ideologies and can even be co-opted by them. He has repeatedly argued against “wishful” uses of theory, and advocates a sustained engagement with intellectual history as a vital corrective to this tendency, an approach that he has practiced throughout his career.
Melanie Klein
Authors: Oliver Malby 
Published: January 2020

Melanie Klein (b. 1882–d. 1960) proposed a revolutionary way of thinking about children and child psychoanalysis that led to discoveries related to the understanding of the functioning, structure, and growth of the mind, as well as an original method for the psychoanalytic treatment of children. The creation of her play technique redefined child psychoanalysis, transformed adult psychoanalysis, and opened new areas including the psychoanalysis of psychosis, autism and borderline conditions, group analysis, and interdisciplinary studies on issues that affect the child’s world. Klein started working with children at a time when child analysis occupied a marginal position in psychoanalysis; children were considered unanalyzable, or in danger if analyzed. Klein’s freedom of thought led her to test psychoanalytic theory and method in her clinical encounters with children, resulting in her concept of the child as a unique object of psychoanalytic treatment and investigation. Her radically original approach to child analysis facilitated the study and treatment of the earliest and deepest functioning of the psyche. The infant was conceived of as born with its objects and with an ego from birth, equipping the infant with the capacity to relate, to love, and to hate the other, to differentiate between me and not-me, inside and outside, and to phantasize. Klein’s theory of the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions is a theory on changes in the link between the ego and its objects and ensuing anxieties. The task in development is to master this related anxiety and transform it into language and thought, this occurring in the context of the relationship with the mother/other/analyst. Klein took children extremely seriously. Her child clinical material offers vivid descriptions of the child’s mind and the contact she made with challenging young patients. Klein had an obvious passion for clinical work and curiosity about the child’s unconscious discourse, her intuition, and capacity for observation. Available for the child, playing out the roles attributed to her, adhering to phantasy, receiving positive and negative transferences, intuitively registering anxiety and interpreting it: Klein gives meaning to the child’s experience. The main focus of this article is on the relevance of Kleinian discourse for the study of the child and the thinking on the needs of and dangers affecting children in the 21st century.
Perioperative Continuation of Buprenorphine at Low–Moderate Doses Was Associated with Lower Postoperative Pain Scores and Decreased Outpatient Opioid Dispensing Compared with Buprenorphine Discontinuation
Authors: Quaye Aurora , Potter Kevin , Roth Sarah , Acampora Gregory , Mao Jianren , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
An increasing number of individuals are prescribed buprenorphine as medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder. Our institution developed guidelines for perioperative buprenorphine continuation with an algorithm for dose reduction based upon the surgical procedure and patient's maintenance dose. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of buprenorphine continuation with those of discontinuation on postoperative pain scores and outpatient opioid dispensing.

Design
Retrospective observational study.

Subjects
Surgical patients on buprenorphine from March 2018 to October 2018. Patients on buprenorphine for chronic pain and those with minor procedures were excluded from analysis.

Methods
We compared postoperative outpatient opioid dispensing and postanesthesia care unit (PACU) pain scores in patients where buprenorphine was continued compared with held perioperatively, collecting single surgical subspecialty prescriber data on outpatient full mu-opioid agonist prescriptions dispensed, converted into mean morphine equivalents. Buprenorphine formulations were not included in our morphine milligram equivalents (MME) total.

Results
There were 55 patients total (38 cont. vs 17 held). There was no difference in postoperative buprenorphine treatment adherence (91% cont. vs 88% held, P = 0.324). The number of opioid prescriptions dispensed was significantly higher with buprenorphine discontinuation (53% cont. vs 82% held, P = 0.011), as was MME dispensed (mean of 229 cont. vs mean of 521 held, P = 0.033). PACU pain scores were higher with buprenorphine discontinuation (mean 2.9 cont. vs mean 7.6 held, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
There was a significant reduction in opioid prescriptions filled, MME dispensed, and PACU pain scores in patients where buprenorphine was continued vs held perioperatively. We provide evidence to support that buprenorphine can be continued perioperatively and that continuation is associated with decreased postoperative pain and decreased outpatient opioid dispensing. These results contribute to the existing literature supporting the perioperative continuation of buprenorphine.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu–Goldstone modes in open classical and quantum systems
Authors: Hidaka Yoshimasa , Minami Yuki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We discuss spontaneous symmetry breaking of open classical and quantum systems. When a continuous symmetry is spontaneously broken in an open system, a gapless excitation mode appears corresponding to the Nambu–Goldstone mode. Unlike isolated systems, the gapless mode is not always a propagation mode, but it is a diffusion one. Using the Ward–Takahashi identity and the effective action formalism, we establish the Nambu–Goldstone theorem in open systems, and derive the low-energy coefficients that determine the dispersion relation of Nambu–Goldstone modes. Using these coefficients, we classify the Nambu–Goldstone modes into four types: type-A propagation, type-A diffusion, type-B propagation, and type-B diffusion modes.
Asymptotic Field Near the Tip of a Debonded Anticrack in an Anisotropic Elastic Material
Authors: Wang Xu , Schiavone Peter 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWe use the sextic Stroh formalism to study the asymptotic elastic field near the tip of a debonded anticrack in a generally anisotropic elastic material under generalised plane strain deformations. The stresses near the tip of the debonded anticrack exhibit the oscillatory singularities $r^{-3/4\pm i\varepsilon }$ and $r^{-1/4\pm i\varepsilon }$ (where $\varepsilon $ is the oscillatory index) as well as the real power-type singularities $r^{-3/4}$ and $r^{-1/4}$. Two complex-valued stress intensity factors and two real-valued stress intensity factors are introduced to respectively scale the two oscillatory and two real power-type singularities. The corresponding three-dimensional analytic vector function is derived explicitly, and the material force on the debonded anticrack is obtained. Our solution is illustrated using an example involving orthotropic materials.
Exit strategy or exit trap? Basic income and the ‘power to say no’ in the age of precarious employment
Authors: Birnbaum Simon , De Wispelaere Jurgen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn increasingly influential claim is that exit-based empowerment through an unconditional basic income offers the cornerstone of an effective strategy for supporting precarious workers in contemporary labor markets. However, it is plausible to assume that supporting the ‘power to say no’—to avoid or leave unattractive jobs—will empower precarious workers only to the extent that it offers the basis of a credible exit threat. In this article, we argue that a basic income-induced exit strategy amounts to a hollow threat. In light of a realistic understanding of how labor markets operate and how the opportunities of disadvantaged workers are presently structured, we show that the basic income-centered exit option can easily become an exit trap rather than an empowered fallback position.
White Christian Nationalism and Relative Political Tolerance for Racists
Authors: Davis Joshua T , Perry Samuel L 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent studies demonstrate that white Americans who adhere to “Christian nationalism”―an ideology that idealizes and advocates a fusion of Christianity and American civic life―tend to hold authoritarian, exclusionary, and overtly prejudicial attitudes, particularly regarding ethno-racial minorities. We use data from the 1996 and 2014 General Social Surveys and consider relative political tolerance toward old-fashioned racists (i.e., persons who believe black Americans are genetically inferior) compared to other historically stigmatized groups, including anti-religionists, communists, militarists, and homosexuals. Viewing Christian identity as essential to American civic belonging is among the strongest predictors of whites’ being politically intolerant of all stigmatized groups, racists included. However, when we examine relative tolerance toward racists compared to other stigmatized groups, white Christian nationalists show greater tolerance than other whites. This effect is distinct from personal religiosity which is associated with lower relative tolerance toward racists. Additionally, we find both time and gender moderate the association between white Christian nationalism and relative tolerance toward racists. Findings ultimately demonstrate that white Americans who adhere to Christian nationalism exhibit authoritarian tendencies―expressing lower tolerance for all groups considered―while making greater relative allowance for old-fashioned racists, who may be allies in the task of social control and coercion.