bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proof‐of‐principle bite force study using two experimental test denture adhesives and a currently marketed denture adhesive
Authors: Atassi Mounir , Ling Martin R. , Oneglia Kathy , Dilauro Thomas S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis proof‐of‐principle, single‐center, randomized, examiner‐blind, crossover study compared two experimental polyvinyl acetate (PVA)‐based denture adhesives (Test Adhesives 1 and 2) with a marketed reference polymethyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride (PMV/MA)‐based adhesive and no adhesive using incisal bite force area over baseline over 12 hr (AOB0–12) in participants with an at least moderately well‐fitting complete maxillary denture. Previous in vitro studies suggested the experimental denture adhesives provided superior performance.Materials and MethodsParticipants were randomized to a treatment sequence such that each received each treatment once. Prior to treatment application (baseline) and at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hr following the application, participants bit on a force transducer until their maxillary denture dislodged. Between‐treatment differences in AOB0–12 were analyzed using analysis of covariance. For study validity, the reference adhesive was compared with no adhesive. Participants were asked to rate sensory experiences and ease of denture removal.ResultsTwenty‐three participants were included in the modified intent‐to‐treat population. Although Test Adhesives 1 and 2 had a higher mean AOB0–12 than no adhesive, differences were not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was also found between the reference adhesive and no adhesive; hence, study validity was not attained. Participants did not report any clear differences between the test or reference adhesives in terms of taste or feel; however, dentures were easier to remove with the test adhesives versus reference. No treatment‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionNeither the experimental PVA‐based denture adhesives nor the PMV/MA‐based reference product demonstrated a statistically significant difference in incisal bite force AOB0‐12 compared with no adhesive. The reasons for these unexpected results is unclear; they suggest that findings of in vitro tests for denture adhesive performance are not always translated to in vivo performance (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02937870).
Interdigitated Hierarchical Integration of an Efficient Lateral Perovskite Single‐Crystal Solar Cell
Authors: Park Jinseon , Bak Yeong Eun , Lee Lynn , Choi Hyosung , Khan Mahmood Alam , Sung Myung M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle‐crystal perovskite thin films were prepared by a scalable, one‐step, geometrically confined lateral crystal growth (GC‐LCG) method on a patterned rolling mold and used for a photovoltaic study. A record solar cell efficiency of 9.50 % under 0.1 sun with an electrode spacing of 1.5 μm is attained in lateral single‐crystal perovskite materials. Moreover, successful integration for high‐source‐power‐generation interdigitated electrode units patterned in series (1×4), parallel (4×1), and combination (4 series×4 parallel) configurations is devised and affords maximum efficiencies of 7.99, 8.19, and 7.96 %, respectively. Additionally, the cell performances under various illumination intensities (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 sun) to mimic daily sunshine angles and an indoor environment at 1000 lux are elucidated for which short‐circuit current (JSC) values (19.60 mA cm−2 and η=7.43 %) under 1.0 sun and a significant efficiency of 8.13 % under indoor conditions are obtained. This work represents a significant step towards next‐generation, efficient, lateral photovoltaics for possible module integration.
A Flexible Interpenetrated Zirconium‐Based Metal–Organic Framework with High Affinity toward Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Xuan , Chen Zhijie , Otake Ken‐ichi , Peterson Gregory W. , Chen Yongwei , Wang Xingjie , Redfern Louis R. , Goswami Subhadip , Li Peng , Islamoglu Timur , Wang Bo , Farha Omar K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFlexible metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly attractive porous crystalline materials presenting structural changes when exposed to external stimuli, the mechanism of which is often difficult to glean, owing to their complex and dynamic nature. Herein, a flexible interpenetrated Zr‐MOF, NU‐1401, composed of rare 4‐connected Zr6 nodes and tetratopic naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐based carboxylate linkers, was designed. The intra‐framework pore opening deformation and inter‐framework motions, when subjected to different solvent molecules, were investigated by single‐crystal XRD. The distance and overlap angle between the stacked NDI pairs in the entangled structure could be finely tuned, and the interactions between NDI and solvent molecules led to solvochromism. Furthermore, the presence of electron‐deficient NDI units in the linker and acid sites on the node of the interpenetrated porous structure offered high density of adsorption sites for ammonia molecules, resulting in high uptake at low pressures.
Ion acceleration from aluminium plasma generated by a femtosecond laser in different conditions
Authors: Torrisi Lorenzo , Rosinski Marcin , Terwinska Dominika , Tchorz Przemyslaw , Cutroneo Mariapompea , Torrisi Alfio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNon‐equilibrium plasma was obtained by irradiating Al foils in vacuum with a femtosecond (fs) laser at intensities of the order of 1018 W/cm2. Protons and other light ions were accelerated in the forward direction by using the target‐normal‐sheath acceleration regime. Time‐of‐flight technique was employed to measure the ions' kinetic energy using SiC detectors placed at known distances and angles. The ion acceleration was monitored under different conditions of laser focal position, laser pulse energy, and laser contrast. The target was irradiated using different thicknesses and anti‐reflecting graphene films. By optimizing the laser parameters, irradiation conditions, and target properties, it was possible to accelerate up to 2.3 MeV per charge state, as will be presented and discussed.
GWO‐C: Grey wolf optimizer‐based clustering scheme for WSNs
Authors: Agrawal Deepika , Wasim Qureshi Muhammad Huzaif , Pincha Pooja , Srivastava Prateet , Agarwal Sourabh , Tiwari Vikram , Pandey Sudhakar 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA wireless sensor network (WSN) is a prominent technology that could assist in the fourth industrial revolution. Sensor nodes present in the WSNs are functioned by a battery. It is impossible to recharge or replace the battery, hence energy is the most important resource of WSNs. Many techniques have been devised and used over the years to conserve this scarce resource of WSNs. Clustering has turned out to be one of the most efficient methods for this purpose. This paper intends to propose an efficient technique for election of cluster heads in WSNs to increase the network lifespan. For the achievement of this task, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) has been employed. In this paper, the general GWO has been modified to cater to the specific purpose of cluster head selection in WSNs. The objective function for the proposed formulation considers average intra‐cluster distance, sink distance, residual energy, and CH balancing factor. The simulations are carried out in diverse conditions. On comparison of the proposed protocol, ie, GWO‐C protocol with some well‐known clustering protocols, the obtained results prove that the proposed protocol outperforms with respect to the consumption of the energy, throughput, and the lifespan of the network. The proposed protocol forms energy‐efficient and scalable clusters.
Heat knockdown resistance and chill‐coma recovery as correlated responses to selection on mating success at high temperature in Drosophila buzzatii
Authors: Stazione Leonel , Norry Fabian M. , Gomez Federico H. , Sambucetti Pablo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReproduction and related traits such as mating success are strongly affected by thermal stress. We tested direct and correlated responses to artificial selection in replicated lines of Drosophila buzzatii that were selected for mating success at high temperature. Knockdown resistance at high temperature (KRHT) and chill‐coma recovery (CCR) were tested as correlated selection responses. Virgin flies were allowed to mate for four hours at 33°C in three replicated lines (S lines) to obtain the selected flies and then returned at 25°C to lay eggs. Other three replicated lines were maintained at 25°C without any selection as control (C lines). After 15 selection generations, KRHT and CCR were measured. Both traits were assessed in flies that did not receive any hardening pretreatments as well as in flies that were either heat or cold hardened. Thermotolerance traits showed significant correlated responses with higher KRHT in S than in C lines, both with a heat‐hardening pretreatment and without a heat‐hardening pretreatment. CCR time was longer in S than in C lines both with a cold‐hardening pretreatment and without a cold‐hardening pretreatment. Hardening treatments improved both KRHT and CCR in all cases excepting KRHT in C lines. Overall, KRHT and CCR showed an antagonistic pattern of correlated responses to our selection regime, suggesting either pleiotropy or tightly linked trait‐specific genes partially affecting KRHT and CCR.
Histological skeletochronology indicates developmental plasticity in the early Permian stem lissamphibian Doleserpeton annectens
Authors: Gee Bryan M. , Haridy Yara , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDoleserpeton annectens is a small‐bodied early Permian amphibamiform, a clade of temnospondyl amphibians regarded by many workers to be on the lissamphibian stem. Most studies of this taxon have focused solely on its anatomy, but further exploration of other aspects of its paleobiology, such as developmental patterns, is critical for a better understanding of the early evolutionary history of lissamphibians. Here, we present a histological analysis of growth patterns in D. annectens that utilizes 60 femora, the largest sample size for any Paleozoic tetrapod. We identified pervasive pairs of closely spaced lines of arrested growth (LAGs), a pattern that indicates a marked degree of climatic harshness and that would result in two cessations of growth within a presumed single year. We documented a wide degree of variation compared to previous temnospondyl skeletochronological studies, reflected in the poor correlation between size and inferred age, but this observation aligns closely with patterns observed in extant lissamphibians. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses conducted by subsampling our dataset at more typical sample sizes for paleontological studies produced a wide range of results. This includes biologically improbable results and exceptionally well‐fit curves that demonstrate that low sample size can produce potentially misleading artifacts. We propose that the weak correlation between age and size represents developmental plasticity in D. annectens that typifies extant lissamphibians. Detection of these patterns is likely only possible with large sample sizes in extinct taxa, and low sample sizes can produce false, misleading results that warrant caution in drawing paleobiological interpretations from such samples.
Critical transitions in rainfall manipulation experiments on grasslands
Authors: Matos Ilaíne S. , Flores Bernardo M. , Hirota Marina , Rosado Bruno H. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs a result of climate and land‐use changes, grasslands have been subjected to intensifying drought regimes. Extreme droughts could interfere in the positive feedbacks between grasses and soil water content, pushing grasslands across critical thresholds of productivity and leading them to collapse. If this happens, systems may show hysteresis and costly management interventions might be necessary to restore predrought productivity. Thus, neglecting critical transitions may lead to mismanagement of grasslands and to irreversible loss of ecosystem services. Rainfall manipulation experiments constitute a powerful approach to investigate the risk of such critical transitions. However, experiments performed to date have rarely applied extreme droughts and have used resilience indices that disregard the existence of hysteresis. Here, we suggest how to incorporate critical transitions when designing rainfall manipulation experiments on grasslands and when measuring their resilience to drought. The ideas presented here have the potential to trigger a perspective shift among experimental researchers, into a new state where the existence of critical transitions will be discussed, experimentally tested, and largely considered when assessing and managing vegetation resilience to global changes.
Quantitative analysis of human NK cell reactivity using latex beads coated with defined amounts of antibodies
Authors: Dorsch Madeleine , Urlaub Doris , Bönnemann Vivian , Bröde Peter , Sandusky Mina , Watzl Carsten 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNatural Killer (NK) cell responses are regulated by a variety of different surface receptors. While we can determine the overall positive or negative effect of a given receptor on NK cell functions, investigating NK cell regulation in a quantitative way is challenging. To quantitatively investigate individual receptors for their effect on NK cell activation, we chose to functionalize latex beads that have approximately the same size as lymphocytes with defined amounts of specific antibodies directed against distinct activating receptors. This enabled us to investigate NK cell reactivity in a defined, clean, and controllable system. Only CD16 and NKp30 could activate the degranulation of resting human NK cells. CD16, NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 were able to activate cultured NK cells. NK cell activation resulted in the induction of polyfunctional cells that degranulated and produced IFN‐γ and MIP‐1β. Interestingly, polyfunctional NK cells were only induced by triggering ITAM‐coupled receptors. NKp44 showed a very sensitive response pattern, where a small increase in receptor stimulation caused maximal NK cell activity. In contrast, stimulation of 2B4 induced very little NK cell degranulation, while providing sufficient signal for NK cell adhesion. Our data demonstrate that activating receptors differ in their effectiveness to stimulate NK cells.
Antibody, but not B‐cell–dependent antigen presentation, plays an essential role in preventing Chlamydia systemic dissemination in mice
Authors: Malaviarachchi Priyangi A. , Mercado Miguel A.B. , McSorley Stephen J. , Li Lin‐Xi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis causes the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. CD4 T cells play a central role in the protective immunity against Chlamydia female reproductive tract (FRT) infection, while B cells are thought to be dispensable for resolution of primary Chlamydia infection in mouse models. We recently reported an unexpected requirement of B cells in local Chlamydia‐specific CD4 T‐cell priming and bacterial containment within the FRT. Here, we sought to tackle the precise effector function of B cells during Chlamydia primary infection. Using mixed bone marrow chimeras that lack B‐cell–dependent Ag presentation () or devoid of circulating antibodies (AID−/− × μS−/−), we show that Chlamydia‐specific CD4 T‐cell expansion does not rely on Ag presentation by B cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that antibody, but not B‐cell–dependent Ag presentation, is required for preventing systemic bacterial dissemination following Chlamydia FRT infection.
Geological characteristics and abnormal pore pressure prediction in shale oil formations of the Dongying depression, China
Authors: Zhang Yushuai , Lv Dawei , Wang Yong , Liu Haiyan , Song Guangzeng , Gao Jie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPore pressures in shale oil formations in the Dongying depression of the Bohai Bay Basin are highly overpressured. Understanding overpressure principles not only can reveal the mechanism of shale oil generation to provide prospects for shale oil exploration and production, but also can reduce potential drilling risks and provide insights for sweet spot identification. Overpressure generation mechanisms are analyzed based on petrophysical data, core analysis, sedimentation rate, oil saturation, and smectite and illite data. We find that undercompaction, oil generation, and smectite and illite transformation are primary causes of overpressures. Undercompaction is the major cause of overpressures in the Es3 formations because of their rapid deposition rate of 300‐700 m/m.y. For the overpressures primarily generated by undercompaction, sonic transit time can be used to predict shale pore pressure with correctly selected depth‐dependent normal compaction trend. In the Es3 and Es4 formations, overpressure data are consistent with the increase of vitrinite reflectance and oil saturation, indicators of oil generation. Additionally, in shallow formations, starting at about 2000 m, the smectite to illite transformation occurs, which makes rock property changes with depth. A composite normal compaction trendline is proposed to account for the smectite to illite transformation. Using well log data, the shale oil formations can be identified and there are two shale oil formations in the studied area, and a shale oil geo‐marker is found. At this geo‐marker, the pore pressure gradient reaches the highest value. This high pore pressure behavior is beneficial for shale oil production because of a higher pore pressure corresponds to a higher production.
High‐latitude dust deposition in snow on the glaciers of James Ross Island, Antarctica
Authors: Kavan Jan , Nývlt Daniel , Láska Kamil , Engel Zbyněk , Kňažková Michaela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh‐latitude dust (HLD) depositions on four glaciers of James Ross Island (the Ulu Peninsula) were analysed. The deposition rate on the selected glaciers varies from 11.8 to 64.0 g m−2, which is one order of magnitude higher compared to the glaciers in Antarctica or elsewhere in the world. A strong negative relationship between the sediment amount and altitude of a sampling site was found. This is most likely caused by the higher availability of aeolian material in the atmospheric boundary layer. General southerly and south‐westerly wind directions over the Ulu Peninsula – with exceptions based on local terrain configuration – help to explain the significantly lower level of sediment deposition on San Jose Glacier and the high level on Triangular Glacier. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometry was used to estimate the relative proportions of the main and trace (lithophile) elements in the sediment samples. Both the sediment amount and the XRF results are analysed in a depth profile at each locality and compared among the glaciers, suggesting long‐range transport of fine mineral material from outside James Ross Island. The distribution of aeolian sediment among the glaciers corresponds well with the prevailing wind direction on the Ulu Peninsula. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capacity driven small cell deployment in heterogeneous cellular networks: Outage probability and rate coverage analysis
Authors: Ullah Arif , Haq Abbas Ziaul , Muhammad Fazal , Abbas Ghulam , Jiao Lei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHeterogeneous cellular networks (HCNets) are one of the key enabling technologies to improve performance gain of future cellular networks. Stochastic geometry is considered a promising tool to model and analyze HCNets. Users and base stations (BSs) are generally distributed uniformly using a homogeneous Poisson point process (HPPP). The assumption of uniformly distributed users is not suitable in HCNets because of the existence of clustered users in hotspots. To consider the correlation between the users and BSs, deployment of small base stations in these areas are of great concern to increase the performance of HCNets. In this article, we assume the notion of mixed user distribution, wherein the network users are the superposition of clustered and uniform users, modeled through HPPP and Poisson cluster process, respectively. We evaluate outage probability and rate coverage of the proposed HCNet model. We compare the network performance of the proposed mixed user distribution model with the conventional uniformly distributed user model. The analytical results are validated using Monte‐Carlo simulations. Our results show that the proposed HCNet model of mixed user distribution outperforms the uniformly distributed user model in terms of outage probability and rate coverage.
The influence of individual impairments in crowd dynamics
Authors: Geoerg Paul , Schumann Jette , Holl Stefan , Boltes Maik , Hofmann Anja 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe importance of empirical relations to quantify the movement of pedestrians through a facility has increased during the last decades since performance‐based design methods became more common. Bottlenecks are of special interest because of their importance for egress routes and as they result in a reduced capacity. The empirical relations as the density‐dependent movement speed or flow rate were derived by studies under laboratory conditions, which were usually conducted with populations of homogeneous characteristics for better control of influencing variables. If individual characteristics of a crowd become more heterogeneous, individuals were forced to adapt their individual movement and control individual manoeuvring. These unintended interactions lead to a different shape of the fundamental empirical relations. Here, we present results from a movement study under well‐controlled boundary conditions in which participants with and without different characteristics of disabilities participated. To consider the effect of different heterogeneities on the capacity of a facility, fundamental diagrams are generated using the Voronoi method. If participants with visible disabilities (such as using assistive devices) are part of a crowd, significant differences relating to the shape of the empirical relations and the capacities are found. This indicates that the heterogeneity of a population leads to an increased interpersonal interaction which results in influenced movement characteristics.
New synchronicity indices between real and financial cycles: Is there any link to structural characteristics and recessions in European Union countries?
Authors: Comunale Mariarosaria 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the comovements and relationships between real, credit, house, and equity price cycles in European Union countries looking at their link to structural characteristics and their predictive power for future recessions. We make use of new within country synchronicity indices, finding that among the different credit cycles and between the house price cycle and the real cycle, there is a relatively high level of synchronicity. Credit and gross domestic product (GDP) fluctuations seem to be less synchronised, mostly because credit volumes tend to lag the real cycle by several quarters. The high rates of private homeownership tend to be associated with larger cycles in GDP, credit, and house prices. Higher loan‐to‐value ratios, seen as a proxy of borrowing constraints, and a higher percentage of flexible‐rate mortgages, could also indicate that a country is more sensitive to shocks and possibly increase procyclicality and increase cycle volatility. Finally, the procyclicality of the credit and housing market to the GDP cycle can be linked to the fluctuation in current accounts and their misalignments with respect to the theoretical equilibrium value. Some synchronicity measures and, above all, the credit cycles may also be considered for signalling future recessions.