bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OF BOUNDARIES, PLACES, AND SITUATIONS
Authors: ETHINGTON PHILIP J. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThomas F. Gieryn's Truth‐Spots: How Places Make Us Believe presents eight case studies to support his historical‐sociological thesis that “Places … have agency and exert a force of their own on the direction and pace of knowledge and belief” (18). Gieryn adds a new angle to a century‐old discourse on the social construction of truth: the emplacement of credibility in narrated material locations. Throughout his career, Gieryn has contributed extensively to the spatial and placeful analysis of knowledge and social power: from advancing the concept of discursive “boundary‐work” in the 1980s, to a refined method of “cultural cartography” in the 1990s, and in the twenty‐first century, toward investigations of places: defined as meaning‐enriched material locations. He has now advanced “truth‐spots” as a type of place that credibilizes truth‐claims. This essay reviews the key concepts in the career of this historical sociologist of scientific knowledge, through a mapping of Gieryn's own trajectory within the arc of a long pragmatist tradition in US social science. I shall use Gieryn's own case studies to test two key claims in his account of how place operates in the social‐cultural construction of belief: (1) The model of “place” that Gieryn proposed in 2000, and has used consistently ever since (termed here a “Gieryn‐place”), and (2) Gieryn's claim that features of “truth‐spots” exhibit an observably independent (“agentic”) effect on the credibility of claims made there. I argue that both Gieryn‐places and truth‐spots suffer from incomplete specification of the ways in which people attach meanings to locations; of the boundaries of places; and of the sites of conscious encounter with places. They suffer also from his own boundary‐work to exclude imaginary, cultural, and virtual spaces from his conception of place. This essay argues that a credible account of how place operates in/as history will require a focus on situation and situatedness, drawing on the pragmatist tradition of the Thomas Theorem. The concept of situation completes the circuit between meaning‐production and the attachment of meaning to places and opens a gate for historical investigation, across the boundary between imagined, virtual, and conceptual spaces, and lived, material embodied places.
A MOST MODERN SUBJECT: THE DISCIPLINE OF HISTORY AND THE FASHIONING OF NATIONALIST AND OTHER MODERN SUBJECTIVITIES
Authors: Gottschalk Peter 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis book takes an ethnographic approach to its topic by endeavoring to observe how social and disciplinary subjects shaped by modernity go on to constitute modern worlds. Specifically, it attempts to “explore modernity as a contradictory and checkered historical‐cultural entity and category as well as a contingent and contended process and condition” (1). Most of the subjects considered are intellectuals and academic disciplines (specifically history and anthropology), although the argument occasionally focuses on artists as well. The book particularly recognizes and analyzes the ambiguities, ambivalences, and contradictions generated within modernity not as mistakes or gaps like so many potholes to be fixed over time, but as constitutive of the modern landscape itself. This accepting acknowledgment, in turn, stands central to the book's endeavor to resist the teleological paradigms inherent in many modern metaphors regarding roads that must be traveled to move from what is backward to what is forward, from a superseded past to a promising future. Central to the volume—and its most original contribution—are various deliberations on the productions of time and space by various subjects. To be clear, by “time” the book means history and temporality whereas “space” suggests tradition and culture. It resists the naturalization of modern constructs such as secularized time and cultural traditions, and forces them under an analytic lens. Critical to these investigations is Saurabh Dube's appropriately insistent claim that these temporal and spatial regimes can exist in tandem and coevally, even when they are seemingly in contradiction.Among other outcomes, the volume prompts further reflection on the manner in which historiography plays a role in the formation of nationalist and modern subjectivities among nonhistorians. This essay seeks to think through the history of history as a discipline emerging during the coalescence of a hegemonic European episteme and the emergence of a popularly embraced scientism. Despite its roots in Europe long preceding modernity and its parallels in South Asia preceding British rule, history underwent a transformation when inflected through European modernity, especially the influence of empirical science paradigms. Although its emergence as a discipline promoted and employed by both the empire and the nation‐state created professional historians, an expanding public sphere has meant that research into its role in fashioning modern subjectivities (including nationalist ones) must consider its reshaping and redeployment by those resisting European‐originated modernity and promoting alternative modernities.
Interplay between Socioeconomic Markers and Polygenic Predisposition on Timing of Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Ajnakina Olesya , Cadar Dorina , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESIdentifying the interplay between socioeconomic markers (education and financial resources) and polygenetic predisposition influencing the time of dementia and the diagnosis of clinical Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) dementia is of central relevance for preventive strategies.DESIGNProspective cohort design.SETTINGThe English Longitudinal Study of Aging is a household survey data set of a representative sample.PARTICIPANTSA total of 7,039 individuals aged 50 years and older participated in the study. Of these, 320 (4.6%) were diagnosed with dementia over the 10‐year follow‐up.MEASUREMENTSPolygenic score (PGS) for Alzheimerʼs disease (AD‐PGS) was calculated using summary statistics from the International Genomics of Alzheimerʼs Project. An accelerated failure time survival model was used to investigate interactions between AD‐PGS and socioeconomic markers on the timing of dementia and clinical AD dementia diagnosis.RESULTSA one standard deviation increase in AD‐PGS was associated with an accelerated time to dementia diagnosis by 4.8 months. The presence of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE‐ε4) was associated with an earlier dementia onset by approximately 24.9 months, whereas intermediate and low levels of wealth were associated with an accelerated time to dementia diagnosis by 12.0 months and 18.7 months, respectively. A multiplicative interaction between AD‐PGS and years of completed schooling in decelerating the time to clinical AD dementia by 3.0 months suggests educational attainment may serve as a protective mechanism against AD diagnosis among older people with a higher polygenic risk. Interaction between AD‐PGS and lower wealth accelerated the time to clinical AD dementia diagnosis by 21.1 to 24.1 months.CONCLUSIONSocioeconomic markers influence the time to dementia and clinical AD dementia diagnosis, particularly in those with a higher polygenic predisposition. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1529‐1536, 2020.
Correlations between sebaceous glands activity and porphyrins in the oily skin and hair and immediate effects of dermocosmetic formulations
Authors: Gabarra Almeida Leite Marcella , Maia Campos Patricia M. B. G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOily skin and hair not only contain a large amount of sebum, but also exhibit other changes that compromise their physiology. The immediate effects of dermocosmetics are very important for adhesion to treatment.AimThe aim of the present study was to characterize oily skin and scalp, to evaluate the correlation of sebum production with porphyrin counts and the immediate effects of topical formulations for sebum control.Patients/MethodsA total of 100 women aged 18‐49 years were recruited. Sebaceous gland activity, sebum amount, stratum corneum water content (SCWC) transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin gloss, amount of porphyrins and pores were determined in the face and SCWC, sebum amount, porphyrin count, and TEWL were also determined in the scalp. The immediate effects of formulations containing a guarana extract were determined after 2 hours of application.ResultsA correlation between sebaceous gland activity and presence of porphyrins in the frontal region of the face was detected. Low gloss values and large amounts of pores in the malar region were related to lower skin uniformity. High sebum values and low SCWC and porphyrin count were also observed in the vertex region. The studied formulations reduced the sebum content of face and scalp after 2 hours of application.ConclusionOily skin and hair showed high sebum values, which were correlated with porphyrin count and with the activity of sebaceous glands. Finally, the studied formulations had immediate reducing effects on sebum amounts on the skin and scalp.
From the beginning to the present state of molecular microbial pathogenesis—A tribute to Pascale Cossart
Authors: Goebel Werner 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe universe of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis is filled with many female and male stars. But there are two particularly bright shining supernovae‐like stars: the late Stanley Falkow and the very lively and creative Pascale Cossart. These two outstanding luminaries, surrounded by numerous planets, do not only belong to different scientific generations but their splendor also comes from very different scientific concepts. Stanley Falkow, often referred to as the ‘Father of Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis’, made many groundbreaking contributions to this field by addressing almost all important bacterial pathogens. Pascale Cossart, who could be called in analogy the ‘Queen of Modern Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis’ by combining the Microbiology and Cell Biology, concentrates in her similarly impressive scientific work essentially on a single bacterial species which she studied and still studies in great depth: the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes—and the vast majority of her most prominent publications deals with this pathogen in almost all facets. It is certainly not an exaggeration to say that she together with her co‐workers and collaborators developed this model bacterium into a paradigm among the intracellular bacterial pathogens.
The impact of the ancillary pilus‐1 protein RrgA of Streptococcus pneumoniae on colonization and disease
Authors: Iovino Federico , Nannapaneni Priyanka , Henriques‐Normark Birgitta , Normark Staffan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Gram‐positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, the pneumococcus, is an important commensal resident of the human nasopharynx. Carriage is usually asymptomatic, however, S. pneumoniae can become invasive and spread from the upper respiratory tract to the lungs causing pneumonia, and to other organs to cause severe diseases such as bacteremia and meningitis. Several pneumococcal proteins important for its disease‐causing capability have been described and many are expressed on the bacterial surface. The surface located pneumococcal type‐1 pilus has been associated with virulence and the inflammatory response, and it is present in 20%–30% of clinical isolates. Its tip protein RrgA has been shown to be a major adhesin to human cells and to promote invasion through the blood‐brain barrier. In this review we discuss recent findings of the impact of RrgA on bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract and on pneumococcal virulence, and use epidemiological data and genome‐mining to suggest trade‐off mechanisms potentially explaining the rather low prevalence of pilus‐1 expressing pneumococci in humans.
Assessment of attitude of parents towards adolescents with Internet gaming disorder
Authors: Bulanik Koc Esra , Karacetin Gul , Mutlu Caner , Onal Bedia Sultan , Ciftci Arzu , Ercan Oya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe determination of the protective and risk factors associated with Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is among the most important pathways to the development of prevention strategies for IGD. Previous research has shown that familial factors are associated with IGD. In our study, we aimed to assess the parental attitude of adolescents with IGD and investigate psychiatric comorbidity.MethodsWe assessed family structure, family relationship, parental attitude (in a bi‐directional assessment), and psychiatric comorbidity in 50 adolescents aged 12–18 years who meet DSM‐5 criteria for IGD in comparison with the control group. Parental attitudes were assessed with the Parental Attitude Research Instrument (filled by the mother) and the Parenting Style Inventory (filled by adolescents).ResultsOur findings suggest that according to mothers’ opinions there were no significant differences in the subscale scores between the IGD group and the control group. On the other hand, acceptance‐involvement and psychological autonomy subscale scores of the PSI filled by adolescents were found to be significantly lower in the IGD group. Limit setting in areas other than the Internet was significantly lower in the IGD group. High rates of psychiatric comorbidity were also found in adolescents with IGD.ConclusionsOur study identified that adolescents with IGD perceived their parents “cared less about them” and “minded less on their autonomy” compared with the control group. Our survey demonstrated that parental attitudes may be among the risk factors for IGD and the presence of psychiatric comorbidity may affect the management of IGD.
An approach to design a wristwatch for the protection of the human skin damage induced by ultraviolet and infrared radiations
Authors: Ali Syed Mehmood , Ali Uzma 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltraviolet radiations (UV) absorbed by the skin can drive photochemical reactions which range from sunburn to skin cancer. The repeated exposure to Infrared radiations (IR) induces the heat into the skin, which causes dehydration and erythema as an immediate effect. This heat activates the metalloproteinase enzyme that reduces the number of procollagen and collagen fibers in the dermal skin, which results premature skin aging. This work aims to design a protective measure in order to avoid these damages.MethodThe proposed protective measure is a wristwatch with an alert alarm which can sense UV and IR radiations. Whenever UV/IR radiation levels exceed beyond the defined limits, alarm will be activated that warns the user to apply protective measures. These radiations are detected by SI1145 digital UV Index/IR/visible light sensor and assigned, using Arduino, to an appropriate UV index and IR radiation levels.ResultsThe IR and UV readings were recorded several times and at four different hours through the day. The readings showed its highest value at 10 am and 2 pm, which are considered the highest sun intensity. The other readings were at 6 am and 5 pm and considered the least dangerous hours.ConclusionThe data collected from the sensor are used to program the alarm. To combine all components, a PCB and a prototype were designed and printed. The UV/IR wristwatch is applicable to alert the user from the continuous and accumulated harmful effects of the radiations and enable them to seek protective measures.
Neutrophil extracellular traps and MPO in models of susceptibility and resistance against Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Contis Montes de Oca Arturo , Cruz Baquero Andrea , Campos Rodríguez Rafael , Cárdenas Jaramillo Luz María , Aguayo Flores José Eduardo , Rojas Hernández Saúl , Olivos García Alfonso , Pacheco Yepez Judith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe main effector mechanisms of neutrophils are the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). In this work, we evaluated the role of NETs and the activity of MPO in the interactions of rodent neutrophils with amoebae and in amoebic liver abscess (ALA)‐resistant and ALA‐susceptible models. We showed with in vitro assays that mice produced greater amounts of NETs and MPO than did hamsters, and the elastase activity was high in both models. However, the inhibition of NETs and MPO promoted an increase in amoeba viability in the mice. The mouse ALAs showed a more profound presence of NETs and MPO than did the hamster ALAs. We concluded that both effector mechanisms were essential for the amoebic damage and could prevent the formation of ALAs in the resistant model.
Disruption of the Notch pathway aggravates airway inflammation by inhibiting regulatory T cell differentiation via regulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Qu Shuo‐Yao , Ti Xin‐Yu , Zhang Jian , Wu Chang‐gui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) regulate immunity and promote tolerance in asthma. Notch signalling is a highly conserved pathway that regulates the immune response; however, its role in pDC‐mediated asthmatic airway inflammation is unclear. This study clarified the effects of Notch signalling on pDC‐mediated airway inflammation using murine models of ovalbumin‐sensitized allergic asthma. RBP‐J‐deficient pDCs (RBP‐J−/− pDCs) were co‐cultured with naïve CD4+ T cells and supernatants and T cell subtypes were analysed. RBP‐J−/− pDCs were intranasally transferred to the airways of ovalbumin‐sensitized recipient mice. Lung samples of all mice were subjected to tests for histopathology, cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway hyperactivity and expression of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 cells, regulatory T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). The results showed that pDCs with and without RBP‐J deficiency significantly differed in expression levels of cluster of differentiation 83 (CD83), but not CD80, CD86 and major histocompatibility complex class II. Co‐culturing pDCs with naïve T cells revealed a poorer immunosuppressive effect of RBP‐J−/− pDCs. This may be attributed to the lower expression levels of inducible co‐stimulator ligand and lower production of interleukin 10 in RBP‐J−/− pDCs than in control pDCs, which impeded T cell activation and Treg suppression. RBP‐J−/− pDCs were associated with high ILC2 expression and severe Th2 immune responses and airway inflammation. Therefore, Notch signalling is critical for pDC‐dependent immunoregulation, and RBP‐J deficiency reduces pDC‐based immunosuppression via T cell activation and Th cell differentiation. Thus, this pathway may be a therapeutic target for pDC‐based anti‐asthma immunotherapy.
An Inconsistent Triad: Priority Pluralism, Perdurantism and (the Possibility of) Gunky Time
Authors: Taylor Jamie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPriority pluralism, perdurantism and that temporal gunk – where some interval of time is gunky iff every interval of it has a proper subinterval – is at least metaphysically possible, are three commonly held views in contemporary metaphysics. However, there cannot be a temporally gunky world where objects perdure, and where there are mereological simples. Given that – as I will argue – pluralists should be committed to atomism, and cannot plausibly revise their view to accommodate temporal gunk if they are perdurantists, pluralism is incompatible with the combination of temporal gunk and perdurantism. Therefore, priority pluralism, perdurantism and the possibility of temporal gunk are jointly incompatible, and at least one of these views must be false. Subsequently, it means that at least one of the following views must be true: priority monism or metaphysical infinitism; endurantism; and/or that time is atomistic. The triad's inconsistency, then, has some interesting metaphysical implications.
Integrative Review of Dietary Choice Revealed by fMRI: Considerations for Obesity Prevention and Weight‐Loss Education
Authors: Long JoAnn D. , Dodd Sara L. , Doumit Rita , Boswell Carol , O’Boyle Michael W. , Rogers Toby 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging findings from neuroimaging studies investigating brain activity associated with dietary behavior are illuminating the interaction of biological and behavioral mechanisms that have implications for obesity prevention. Globally, A total of 1.9 billion adults are overweight, and 650 million are obese. Obesity and being overweight are major risk factors for chronic illness and death. Behaviorally based health interventions have had limited success in curbing the obesity epidemic. Greater understanding of brain responses to food cues will contribute to new knowledge and shape public health efforts in obesity prevention. However, an integration of this knowledge for obesity prevention education has not been published.AimsThis study links evidence generated from brain activation studies generated in response to diet and food images and highlights educational recommendations for nurses engaged in obesity prevention and weight‐loss education.MethodsAn integrative review of the literature was conducted using the MeSH keywords “magnetic resonance imaging,” “diet,” and “food images” in PubMed, MEDLINE Complete, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases from their first appearance in 2006 through March 2018. Studies published in English and using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain response to diet, and food images were initially identified. Animal models, those whose primary focus was a specific disease, and intervention studies were excluded.ResultsOf 159 studies identified, 26 met inclusion criteria. Findings from neuroimaging studies may help explain the relationship between brain mechanisms and behavioral aspects of dietary choice and inform patient education in obesity prevention. Awareness of this evidence is applicable to nursing education efforts. This review contributes several recommendations that should be considered by nurses providing individualized weight‐loss education.Linking Evidence to ActionNurses engaged in patient education for obesity prevention should consider personalized interventions that cultivate internal awareness for dietary adherence, self‐care, exercise, hydration, and mood state; avoid using caloric deprivation approaches, such as skipping breakfast, for weight‐loss interventions; and note the importance of individualized obesity prevention and weight‐loss education.
Configuration Optimization for End-Point Stabilization of Redundant Manipulators With Base Flexibility
Authors: LiBretto Michael , Ahn Yong Han , Han Chang Soo , Cho Yong K. , Ueda Jun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a method to determine an optimal configuration of a teleoperated excavator to minimize the induced undercarriage oscillation for robust end-point stabilization. Treating the excavator as a kinematically redundant system, where non-unique combinations of the undercarriage position and arm posture can locate the end-point at the same reference. A specific configuration can be chosen to not excite undercarriage oscillation with simple end-point error feedback control without model-based or measurement-based vibration suppression. Robust stability measures based on normalized coprime factorization as well as modal decomposition solve the redundancy of the kinematics. An advantage of this approach is that the control engineer can proceed as if the excavator arm is fixed to rigid ground, which is practically not the case, and apply simple traditional Jacobian-based end-point control.