bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Soil Chemistry
Authors: Sparks Donald L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoil chemistry is the branch of soil science that deals with the chemical composition, chemical properties, and chemical reactions of soils. Soils are heterogeneous mixtures of air, water, inorganic and organic solids, and microorganisms (both plant and animal in nature). No two soils are exactly alike. Soil reactions and processes occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Soil chemistry is concerned with the chemical reactions and processes involving these phases. For example, carbon dioxide in the air combined with water acts to weather the inorganic solid phase. Chemical reactions between the soil solids and the soil solution influence both plant growth and water quality.
Ecohydrology
Authors: Yin Jun , Porporato Amilcare , D'Odorico Paolo , Rodríguez‐Iturbe Ignacio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An interdisciplinary and fast‐growing science, ecohydrology aims at understanding the interactions among soil, water, vegetation, microbial biomass, atmosphere, and human societies. We provide a synthetic overview of these complex interactions, by reviewing the developments in ecohydrology following a stochastic modeling approach from the plot to the continental scales. We begin with the soil water balance at a point, which is primarily controlled by the pulsing and intermittent behaviors of rainfall input. It provides the mathematical basis for the analysis of plant water stress, plant biomass, and soil nutrient dynamics. We then review more general ecohydrological feedbacks, including groundwater feedbacks, land–atmosphere interactions at the continental scale, and irrigation in agroecosystem. To analyze the general behaviors of these interactions including the effects of stochastic external forcing, a “macroscopic approach” dealing with reduced order models of the main mean variables is also briefly discussed as a promising tool for future ecohydrological research.
Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction
Authors: Toran Laura 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGroundwater–surface water interaction has received increasing recognition as a key area of research that will improve our understanding of the global water cycle. Rather than treating these resources separately, understanding their interaction provides insight into responses to both natural dynamics and global change. Research into groundwater–surface water interaction has also revealed heterogeneity that challenges our ability to make measurements at the appropriate scale. Despite these challenges, innovations in monitoring methods using geophysics, tracers, temperature, and remote sensing have provided new insights into spatial and temporal variation in groundwater–surface water interactions.
Quasimetallic Molybdenum Carbide–Based Flexible Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Enhancing Solar Water Evaporation
Authors: Yu Fang , Ming Xin , Xu You , Chen Zihe , Meng Dongxue , Cheng Haiyan , Shi Zhuoxun , Shen Ping , Wang Xianbao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolar interfacial water evaporation has been regarded as a promising technique for large‐scale water purification by utilizing sustainable solar energy. However, fresh water production, especially in resource limited areas, still remains challenging and needs to be addressed. Here, molybdenum carbide (MoCx)– based polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (MoCxPH) are strategically designed as flexible and highly efficient solar evaporators for producing clean water from different water‐bearing media. Through adjusting the calcination temperatures, the phase transition of MoCx from η‐MoC to β‐Mo2C makes the product to be a quasimetal from a semiconductor, leading to a strong broadband adsorption over the full solar spectrum together with excellent photothermal conversion capability. The hydrogel‐based solar evaporator exhibits an average water evaporation rate of 1.59 kg m−2 h−1 with superb solar thermal efficiency up to 83.6% under one sun illumination. This scalable solar evaporator can be used to generate clean water from contaminated water with rejections close to 100% for organic dyes and metal ions. The solar water evaporator has potential applications for the remote areas to deal with the drinkable water shortage problem.
Pericytes Contribute to Dysfunction in a Human 3D Model of Placental Microvasculature through VEGF‐Ang‐Tie2 Signaling
Authors: Haase Kristina , Gillrie Mark R. , Hajal Cynthia , Kamm Roger D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlacental vasculopathies are associated with a number of pregnancy‐related diseases, including pre‐eclampsia (PE)—a leading cause of maternal–fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Placental presentations of PE are associated with endothelial dysfunction, reduced vessel perfusion, white blood cell infiltration, and altered production of angiogenic factors within the placenta (a candidate mechanism). Despite maintaining vascular quiescence in other tissues, how pericytes contribute to vascular growth and signaling in the placenta remains unknown. Here, pericytes are hypothesized to play a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of placental vascular growth. A perfusable triculture model is developed, consisting of human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and pericytes, capable of recapitulating growth and remodeling in a system that mimics inflamed placental microvessels. Placental pericytes are shown to contribute to growth restriction of microvessels over time, an effect that is strongly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor and Angiopoietin/Tie2 signaling. Furthermore, this model is capable of recapitulating essential processes including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)‐mediated vascular leakage and leukocyte infiltration, both important aspects associated with placental PE. This placental vascular model highlights that an imbalance in endothelial–pericyte crosstalk can play a critical role in the development of vascular pathology and associated diseases.
Origami Metawall: Mechanically Controlled Absorption and Deflection of Light
Authors: Li Min , Shen Lian , Jing Liqiao , Xu Su , Zheng Bin , Lin Xiao , Yang Yihao , Wang Zuojia , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMetamaterials/metasurfaces, which have subwavelength resonating unit cells (i.e., meta‐atoms), can enable unprecedented control over the flow of light. Despite their significant progress, achieving dynamical control of both energy and momentum of light remains a challenge. Here, a mechanically tunable metawall capable of either absorbing light energy or modulating light momentum, by incorporating the magnetic meta‐atoms into a 3D printed origami grating, is theoretically designed and experimentally realized. Through mechanical stretching or compressing of the Miura‐ori pattern, the function of metawall can transit from an absorber, a mirror, to a negative reflector. Particularly, the continuously geometric deformation of the Miura‐ori lattice is a promising approach to compensate the angular dispersion in gradient metasurfaces. Considering the prominent mechanical properties and strong deformation abilities of origami structures, the findings may open an alternative avenue toward lightweight and deployable metadevices with diversified and continuously alterable electromagnetic properties.
Highly Efficient and Stable White Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Perovskite Quantum Dot Paper
Authors: Kang Chieh‐Yu , Lin Chun‐Ho , Lin Chih‐Hao , Li Ting‐You , Huang Chen Sung‐Wen , Tsai Chun‐Lin , Sher Chin‐Wei , Wu Ting‐Zhu , Lee Po‐Tsung , Xu Xuezhu , Zhang Maolin , Ho Chih‐Hsiang , He Jr‐Hau , Kuo Hao‐Chung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerovskite quantum dots (PQDs) are a competitive candidate for next‐generation display technologies as a result of their superior photoluminescence, narrow emission, high quantum yield, and color tunability. However, due to poor thermal resistance and instability under high energy radiation, most PQD‐based white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) show only modest luminous efficiency of ≈50 lm W−1 and a short lifetime of <100 h. In this study, by incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, a new type of QD film is fabricated: CH3NH3PbBr3 PQD paper that features 91% optical absorption, intense green light emission (518 nm), and excellent stability attributed to the complexation effect between the nanocellulose and PQDs. The PQD paper is combined with red K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor and blue GaN LED chips to fabricate a high‐performance white LED demonstrating ultrahigh luminous efficiency (124 lm W−1), wide color gamut (123% of National Television System Committee), and long operation lifetime (240 h), which paves the way for advanced lighting technology.
Bio‐Orthogonal Bacterial Reactor for Remission of Heavy Metal Poisoning and ROS Elimination
Authors: Pan Pei , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Wang Xia‐Nan , Wang Jia‐Wei , Zheng Di‐Wei , Cheng Han , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultitudinous industrial products in daily life put human health at risk of heavy metal exposure, and natural bacteria have displayed superior performance in bioadsorption and biodegradation of heavy metal. In this study, a bacteria‐based bioreactor is developed to precisely bioadsorb lead (Pb) ions, eliminate concomitant reactive oxygen species (ROS), and remit the injury of acute/chronic Pb poisoning. A nonpathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli MG1655 (Bac) is decorated with antioxidative cerium oxide nanoparticles (Ceria) on the surface through a bio‐orthogonal reaction, and the complex bioreactor could spontaneously aggregate in organs with high concentration of Pb. Furthermore, the excess Pb is bioadsorbed by bacteria and the concomitant ROS is eliminated by Ceria nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this integral biotic/abiotic hybrid bioreactor successfully realizes detoxication of Pb and reparation of injury, also accompanied with inappreciable side effects.
Fostering a Diverse Pool of Global Health Academic Leaders Through Mentorship and Career Path Planning
Authors: Newberry Jennifer A. , Patel Shama , Kayden Stephanie , O’Laughlin Kelli N. , Cioè‐Peña Eric , Strehlow Matthew C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEstablished in 2011, the Global Emergency Medicine Academy (GEMA) aims “to improve the global delivery of emergency care through research, education, and mentorship.” Global health remains early in its development as an academic track in emergency medicine, and there are only a small number of global emergency medicine academic faculty in most institutions. Consequently, GEMA focused its efforts at the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Annual Meeting in 2019 on developing a diverse pool of global health academics and leaders in emergency medicine. Current and previous members of the GEMA Executive Committee convened to appraise and describe how current GEMA efforts situate within existing knowledge in the arenas of professional development and mentorship. The 2019 SAEM Annual Meeting unveiled the Global Emergency Medicine Roadmap, a joint venture between GEMA and the residents and medical students (RAMS) group. The roadmap guides medical students, residents, and fellows in the exploration of global emergency medicine and career development. GEMA’s mentorship roundtable complemented this effort by providing a version of speed mentoring across several critical areas: work–life balance, identifying near‐peer and long‐distance mentoring opportunities, negotiating with your Chair, finding funding, networking, and teaching abroad. Finally, the GEMA‐sponsored panel “Empowering Women through Emergency Care Development in LMICs” underscored the potential for empowering women through global emergency medicine development, including policy advocacy, inclusive research approaches, and mentorship and sponsorship. In summary, GEMA is committed to developing a diverse group of future global health leaders to guide the expansion of emergency medicine worldwide. Our work indicates critical future directions in global emergency medicine education and training including building innovative mentoring networks across institutions and countries. Further, we will continue to focus on growing faculty diversity, empowering underrepresented populations through emergency care development, and supporting rising global emergency medicine faculty in their pursuit of advancement and promotion.
Surgical indication for and desirable outcomes of conversion surgery in patients with initially unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Yamamoto Tomohisa , Yamaki So , Sakaguchi Tatsuma , Sekimoto Mitsugu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAim of this review is to propose an acceptable surgical indication for conversion surgery in patients with initially unresectable (UR) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by considering desirable outcomes, including resectability, overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed was conducted through July 15, 2019. Eligible studies were those reporting on patients with UR‐PDAC who underwent surgery. We excluded case reports with fewer than 10 patients, insufficient descriptions of survival data, and palliative surgery. When patients with UR‐PDAC with no progression after chemo(radiation) therapy were offered surgical exploration, resectability and median survival time (MST) of those who underwent conversion surgery ranged from 20% to 69% (median, 52%) and from 19.5 to 33 months (median, 21.9 months), respectively. When conversion surgery was carried out in patients with expected margin‐negative resection or with clinical response by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST), resectability and MST ranged from 18% to 27% (median, 20%) and from 21 to 35.3 months (median, 30 months), respectively. Among patients who underwent conversion surgery based on clinical response and decreased CA19‐9 level after multimodal treatment, resectability and MST ranged from 2% to 24% (median, 4.1%) and from 24.1 to 64 months (median, 36 months), respectively. Decreased CA19‐9 level was a predictor of resectability, OS and DFS by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, decision‐making for conversion surgery based on clinical response and decreased CA19‐9 level after multimodal treatment may be appropriate. With regard to desirable outcomes of OS and DFS, conversion surgery may provide improved survival for patients with initial UR‐PDAC.
N2O Reductase Activity of a [Cu4S] Cluster in the 4CuI Redox State Modulated by Hydrogen Bond Donors and Proton Relays in the Secondary Coordination Sphere
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Wei , Rathnayaka Suresh C. , Islam Shahidul M. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Mankad Neal P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe model complex [Cu4(μ4‐S)(dppa)4]2+ (1, dppa=μ2‐(Ph2P)2NH) has N2O reductase activity in methanol solvent, mediating 2 H+/2 e− reduction of N2O to N2+H2O in the presence of an exogenous electron donor (CoCp2). A stoichiometric product with two deprotonated dppa ligands was characterized, indicating a key role of second‐sphere N−H residues as proton donors during N2O reduction. The activity of 1 towards N2O was suppressed in solvents that are unable to provide hydrogen bonding to the second‐sphere N−H groups. Structural and computational data indicate that second‐sphere hydrogen bonding induces structural distortion of the [Cu4S] active site, accessing a strained geometry with enhanced reactivity due to localization of electron density along a dicopper edge site. The behavior of 1 mimics aspects of the CuZ catalytic site of nitrous oxide reductase: activity in the 4CuI:1S redox state, use of a second‐sphere proton donor, and reactivity dependence on both primary and secondary sphere effects.
“Direct” 13C Hyperpolarization of 13C‐Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE)
Authors: Gemeinhardt Max E. , Limbach Miranda N. , Gebhardt Thomas R. , Eriksson Clark W. , Eriksson Shannon L. , Lindale Jacob R. , Goodson Elysia A. , Warren Warren S. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHerein, we demonstrate “direct” 13C hyperpolarization of 13C‐acetate via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). The standard SABRE homogeneous catalyst [Ir‐IMes; [IrCl(COD)(IMes)], (IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl), imidazole‐2‐ylidene; COD=cyclooctadiene)] was first activated in the presence of an auxiliary substrate (pyridine) in alcohol. Following addition of sodium 1‐13C‐acetate, parahydrogen bubbling within a microtesla magnetic field (i.e. under conditions of SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei, SABRE‐SHEATH) resulted in positive enhancements of up to ≈100‐fold in the 13C NMR signal compared to thermal equilibrium at 9.4 T. The present results are consistent with a mechanism of “direct” transfer of spin order from parahydrogen to 13C spins of acetate weakly bound to the catalyst, under conditions of fast exchange with respect to the 13C acetate resonance, but we find that relaxation dynamics at microtesla fields alter the optimal matching from the traditional SABRE‐SHEATH picture. Further development of this approach could lead to new ways to rapidly, cheaply, and simply hyperpolarize a broad range of substrates (e.g. metabolites with carboxyl groups) for various applications, including biomedical NMR and MRI of cellular and in vivo metabolism.
Photoredoxkatalytische α‐Alkoxypentafluorosulfanylierung von α‐Methyl‐ und α‐Phenylstyrol mithilfe von SF6
Authors: Rombach David , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSF6 wurde als Pentafluorosulfanylierungsreagenz in der Photoredoxkatalyse verwendet, um über ein Einstufenprotokoll Ether mit vicinalem SF5‐Substituent herzustellen. Diese Methode weist ein breites Substratspektrum bei den verwendbaren Alkoholen für die Umsetzung von α‐Methyl‐ und α‐Phenylstyrol auf. Die Produkte enthalten ein neues Strukturmotiv mit zwei funktionellen Gruppen, das in einem Reaktionsschritt aufgebaut wird. Die Alkoxygruppe erlaubt die Eliminierung sowie die Umsetzung in ein Azid als weitere Transformationen in wertvolle pentafluorosulfanylierte Verbindungen. Diese Resultate bestätigen, dass das ungiftige SF6 ein nützliches SF5‐Transferreagenz darstellt, wenn es durch Photoredoxkatalyse unter den richtigen Bedingungen aktiviert wird, wodurch giftige Reagenzien vollständig vermieden werden. Kombiniert mit Licht als Energiequelle wird ein hoher Grad an Nachhaltigkeit erzielt. Über diesen synthetischen Zugang kann in Zukunft das vorhergesagte Potential des SF5‐Substituenten in der Medizinal‐, Agro‐ und Materialchemie erforscht werden.
Naphthochromenones: Organic Bimodal Photocatalysts Engaging in Both Oxidative and Reductive Quenching Processes
Authors: Mateos Javier , Rigodanza Francesco , Vega‐Peñaloza Alberto , Sartorel Andrea , Natali Mirco , Bortolato Tommaso , Pelosi Giorgio , Companyó Xavier , Bonchio Marcella , Dell'Amico Luca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwelve naphthochromenone photocatalysts (PCs) were synthesized on gram scale. They absorb across the UV/Vis range and feature an extremely wide redox window (up to 3.22 eV) that is accessible using simple visible light irradiation sources (CFL or LED). Their excited‐state redox potentials, PC*/PC.− (up to 1.65 V) and PC.+/PC* (up to −1.77 V vs. SCE), are such that these novel PCs can engage in both oxidative and reductive quenching mechanisms with strong thermodynamic requirements. The potential of these bimodal PCs was benchmarked in synthetically relevant photocatalytic processes with extreme thermodynamic requirements. Their ability to efficiently catalyze mechanistically opposite oxidative/reductive photoreactions is a unique feature of these organic photocatalysts, thus representing a decisive advance towards generality, sustainability, and cost efficiency in photocatalysis.
Chemical Antibody Mimics Inhibit Cadherin‐Mediated Cell–Cell Adhesion: A Promising Strategy for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Medina Rangel Paulina X. , Moroni Elena , Merlier Franck , Gheber Levi A. , Vago Razi , Tse Sum Bui Bernadette , Haupt Karsten 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne of the most promising strategies to treat cancer is the use of therapeutic antibodies that disrupt cell–cell adhesion mediated by dysregulated cadherins. The principal site where cell–cell adhesion occurs encompasses Trp2 found at the N‐terminal region of the protein. Herein, we employed the naturally exposed highly conserved peptide Asp1‐Trp2‐Val3‐Ile4‐Pro5‐Pro6‐Ile7, as epitope to prepare molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP‐NPs) to recognize cadherins. Since MIP‐NPs target the site responsible for adhesion, they were more potent than commercially available therapeutic antibodies for inhibiting cell–cell adhesion in cell aggregation assays, and for completely disrupting three‐dimensional tumor spheroids as well as inhibiting invasion of HeLa cells. These biocompatible supramolecular anti‐adhesives may potentially be used as immunotherapeutic or sensitizing agents to enhance antitumor effects of chemotherapy.
Consolidated, systemic conceptualization, and definition of the “sharing economy”
Authors: Schlagwein Daniel , Schoder Detlef , Spindeldreher Kai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe “sharing economy” has recently emerged as a major global phenomenon in practice and is consequently an important research topic. What, precisely, is meant by this term, “sharing economy”? The literature to date offers many, often incomplete and conflicting definitions. This makes it difficult for researchers to lead a coherent discourse, to compare findings and to select appropriate cases. Alternative terms (e.g., “collaborative consumption,” “gig economy,” and “access economy”) are a further complication. To resolve this issue, our article develops a consolidated (based on all prior work) and systemic (relating to the phenomenon in its entire scope) definition of the sharing economy. The definition is based on the detailed analysis of definitions and explanations in 152 sources identified in a systematic literature review. We identify 36 original understandings of the term “sharing economy.” Using semantic integration strategies, we consolidate 84 semantic facets in these definitions into 18 characteristics of the sharing economy. Resolving conflicts in the meaning and scope of these characteristics, we arrive at a consolidated, systemic definition. We evaluate the definition's appropriateness and applicability by applying it to cases claimed by the media to be examples of the sharing economy. This article's definition is useful for future research and discourse on the sharing economy.