bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of aging on the overall liking and sensory characteristics of sourdough breads and comparison of two methods to determine their sensory shelf life
Authors: Gauchez Hélène , Loiseau Anne‐Laure , Schlich Pascal , Martin Christophe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objectives of the present work were to study the evolution of the sensory properties and overall liking of four sourdough breads over their lifespans and to determine their sensory shelf life (SSL). We also intended to identify the main sensory characteristics leading to a decrease in overall liking and the end of the consumption of the breads. Seventy‐eight consumers evaluated different 1 kg sourdough breads at home. Two methods were used to describe the evolution of the sensory properties and overall liking: one based on ratings of descriptors’ intensities and the other based on the magnitude of the changes observed since the previous consumption. As expected, the results showed that sensory properties and liking scores evolved over time. While the aroma and taste properties changed little, the texture deteriorated significantly. The overall liking scores decreased steadily over time, while the percentage of subjects who stopped eating bread increased. “Easiness to cut with the teeth,” “easiness to chew,” “crispness,” and “softness” were the main characteristics positively correlated with the overall liking scores and negatively correlated with the percentage of rejection. In contrast, “dryness of the crumb” was negatively correlated with the liking scores and positively correlated with the percentage of rejection. A survival analysis determined that the SSL (50% rejection) of the breads was approximately 2.5 days. Interestingly, we highlighted that the average liking score corresponding to the SSL was just below the middle of the overall liking scale.Practical ApplicationThe results of this work could be of interest to bread‐making professionals who will be able to use the main conclusions to advise their clients and possibly adapt the bread format to their sensory shelf life. This work was also an opportunity to highlight sourdough bread, which offers more flexibility than French baguette in managing the consumption of the bread purchased. The alternative approach tested to measure the evolution of sensory characteristics and overall liking could interest the professionals of sensory analysis.
Male breast cancer: A closer look at patient and tumor characteristics and factors associated with survival
Authors: Zhao Jing , Wang Bin , Zhao Jing , Mao Yiran , Liu Jun , Yang Yanfang 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe prognostic effect of molecular subtypes on male breast cancer (MBC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic factors of MBC patients.MethodsFrom 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2014, the data of 152 MBC and 304 female breast cancer (FBC) patients were identified and extensively compared.ResultsCompared with the FBC group, MBC patients were found to have a higher rate of cancer family history (30.9% vs. 18.4%, P = 0.001), mass around the areola area (37.5% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.000), lymph node invasion (44.1% vs. 34.2%, P = 0.006) and hormonal receptor positivity (66.4% vs. 49.3%, P = 0.027). Luminal A was the most common subtype accounting for 69.8%, whereas HER2‐positive (12.7%) and TNBC (1.6%) subtypes were rare in the MBC group. However, it was significantly lower for MBC than for FBC who received endocrine therapy (38.8% vs. 49.3%, P = 0.041). MBC showed the worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) than those of FBC patients. However, 10‐year OS and DFS were similar between MBC and FBC patients in the subgroups of nonluminal subtype (P < 0.001), but worse in MBC patients than those in FBC patients in the subgroups of luminal A (P = 0.004 for OS; P = 0.002 for DFS) and luminal B (P = 0.006 for OS; P = 0.003 for DFS). Multivariate analysis indicated tumor size, radical mastectomy and endocrine therapy as independent risk factors for OS and DFS of MBC patients.ConclusionsOur study determined that MBC patients possessed a worse prognosis, usually with lymph node invasion, and were estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)‐positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)‐negative. Molecular subtypes based on FBC did not provide the same prognostic information in MBC, even in the luminal groups.
Expression of CD73 is associated with tumor progression and intratumoral inflammation in breast cancer
Authors: Choi Hye Ryeon , Oh Hoon Kyu , Park Sung Hwan , Jeong Young‐Ju 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCD73 is a lymphocyte differentiation antigen and highly expressed in many human solid tumors. CD73 is known to be associated with tumor progression, but its role in human breast cancer is still under investigation. The aims of this study were to evaluate the expression of CD73 in human breast cancer and to analyze its prognostic significance in breast cancer. A total of 198 patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of primary breast cancer were enrolled. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed with breast cancer tissues and immunohistochemical staining for CD73 was performed on TMA tissue sections. The clinicopathologic characteristics were evaluated from the patient's medical records and pathologic reports. The average age of the patients was 51.7 ± 10.7. Positive expression rate of CD73 for all breast cancer was 25.4%. Positive rate of CD73 expression in invasive breast cancer was 30.9%, which was significantly higher than that of 5.4% of ductal carcinoma in situ. CD73 expression was significantly associated with higher T‐stage, node metastasis, positive progesterone receptor status and presence of intratumoral inflammation. There was no significant association between molecular subtypes and CD73 expression. The disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate at 5 years were 90.1% and 96.6%, respectively. There was no difference in DFS and OS according to CD73 expression. In conclusion, this study showed that CD73 expression is associated with tumor progression and inflammation in breast cancer. Our results suggest that CD73 has a potential as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target of breast cancer.
Evaluating the performance of local SoEs as output‐maximizing entities: The case of Friuli Venezia Giulia
Authors: Massarutto Antonio , Garlatti Andrea , Miani Stefano , Cassetta Ernesto , Iacuzzi Silvia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPublicly owned private‐law organizations represent a sort of a hybrid between pure‐public and pure‐private management forms, and a rather successful one, at least if one considers the ongoing success that such organizations encounter in many European countries, especially at the local level. Economic theory has devoted scant attention to the reasons that may confer a competitive advantage to public enterprises, vis‐à‐vis both entirely privatized companies and traditional public bureaucracies. The paper develops a conceptual framework to systematically evaluate the performances of local SoEs in relation to their ability to achieve policy goals. By considering SoEs as output‐maximizing organizations rather than profit‐maximizing ones, the proposed approach entails an interactive dialogue between evaluators, policymakers and managers to deliver better evaluation outcomes. The methodology is applied to assess the performance of a sample of local SoEs owned by the Region Friuli Venezia Giulia in Italy in an effort to support policymakers in deciding whether to maintain its shareholding participations or divest them, that is, privatizing the public services involved.
The cost of safety: Balancing risk and liberty in psychiatric units
Authors: Zhong Rocksheng , Wasser Tobias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe systems approach is a widely accepted method for addressing healthcare adverse events. However, when adverse events are behavioral in nature, such as self‐injury or aggression, a systems approach can restrict patient autonomy. We propose guidelines for balancing safety and autonomy considerations when developing systems for behavioral adverse events: interventions that do not limit patient liberty, or that therapeutically address the root causes of behavioral adverse events, should be fully utilized. Clinicians should collaborate with patients when designing systems that may restrict patient liberty. And clinicians should be supported in managing the stress that accrues from working in hazardous environments.
Spatial inference without a cognitive map: the role of higher‐order path integration
Authors: Bouchekioua Youcef , Blaisdell Aaron P. , Kosaki Yutaka , Tsutsui‐Kimura Iku , Craddock Paul , Mimura Masaru , Watanabe Shigeru 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe cognitive map has been taken as the standard model for how agents infer the most efficient route to a goal location. Alternatively, path integration – maintaining a homing vector during navigation – constitutes a primitive and presumably less‐flexible strategy than cognitive mapping because path integration relies primarily on vestibular stimuli and pace counting. The historical debate as to whether complex spatial navigation is ruled by associative learning or cognitive map mechanisms has been challenged by experimental difficulties in successfully neutralizing path integration. To our knowledge, there are only three studies that have succeeded in resolving this issue, all showing clear evidence of novel route taking, a behaviour outside the scope of traditional associative learning accounts. Nevertheless, there is no mechanistic explanation as to how animals perform novel route taking. We propose here a new model of spatial learning that combines path integration with higher‐order associative learning, and demonstrate how it can account for novel route taking without a cognitive map, thus resolving this long‐standing debate. We show how our higher‐order path integration (HOPI) model can explain spatial inferences, such as novel detours and shortcuts. Our analysis suggests that a phylogenetically ancient, vector‐based navigational strategy utilizing associative processes is powerful enough to support complex spatial inferences.
Evaluating Models of Gesture and Speech Production for People With Aphasia
Authors: de Beer Carola , Hogrefe Katharina , Hielscher‐Fastabend Martina , de Ruiter Jan P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeople with aphasia use gestures not only to communicate relevant content but also to compensate for their verbal limitations. TheSketch Model(De Ruiter, 2000) assumes a flexible relationship between gesture and speech with the possibility of a compensatory use of the two modalities. In the successor of the Sketch Model, theAR‐Sketch Model(De Ruiter, 2017), the relationship between iconic gestures and speech is no longer assumed to be flexible and compensatory, but instead iconic gestures are assumed to express information that is redundant to speech. In this study, we evaluated the contradictory predictions of the Sketch Model and the AR‐Sketch Model using data collected from people with aphasia as well as a group of people without language impairment. We only found compensatory use of gesture in the people with aphasia, whereas the people without language impairments made very little compensatory use of gestures. Hence, the people with aphasia gestured according to the prediction of the Sketch Model, whereas the people without language impairment did not. We conclude that aphasia fundamentally changes the relationship of gesture and speech.
Regulated access to wild climbers has enhanced food security and minimized use of plastics by frontline households at a premier African protected area
Authors: Bitariho Robert , Akampurira Emmanuel , Mugerwa Badru 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe amount of food harvested, processed and stored by households determines food availability—a key dimension to food security. In developing countries, frontline households around protected areas harvest wild climbers for making food security products. When access to the wild climbers is denied, households adapt by using other available alternatives such as plastics with potential consequences to biodiversity. The relationships between harvesting wild climbers and: (a) food availability, (b) plastic use, and (c) wild climber populations have rarely been investigated. We interviewed 119 frontline households adjacent to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda to evaluate the relationships between household access to wild climbers and: (a) plastic use and (b) food security. We used forest surveys to assess the impact of harvest on population structure of three mostly utilized wild climbers. The frontline households used more wild climber products (65.02%) than plastics (34.97%). Fifteen wild climbers were harvested for food security products. Two of these; Dracaena laxissima and Smilax anceps depicted size class distributions similar to those of healthy sustainable plant populations, while Monanthotaxis littoralis depicted a size class distribution of unsustainably harvested plant populations. We recommend increased access to wild climbers for enhancing food security and minimizing use of plastics.
The impact of belatacept on the phenotypic heterogeneity of renal T cell–mediated alloimmune response: The critical role of maintenance treatment and inflammatory load
Authors: Dobi Dejan , Vincenti Flavio , Chandran Sindhu , Greenland John R. , Bowman Christopher , Chen Adeline , Junger Henrik , Laszik Zoltan G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBelatacept offers superior long‐term outcome relative to calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)‐based immunosuppression. However, the higher frequency of early T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) in belatacept‐treated patients hampered the widespread adoption of costimulation blockade. Here, we applied gene expression analysis and whole‐slide inflammatory cell quantification to assess the impact of belatacept on intragraft immune signature. We studied formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded renal biopsies from 92 patients stratified by histopathologic diagnosis (TCMR, borderline changes, or normal) and immunosuppression regimen (belatacept, CNI). An interaction model was built to explore maintenance treatment‐dependent expression level changes of immune response‐related genes across diagnostic categories of normal, borderline changes, and TCMR. Ninety‐one percent of genes overexpressed in TCMR showed significant correlation with whole section inflammatory load. There were 27 genes that had a positive association with belatacept treatment. These were mostly related to myeloid cells and innate immunity. Genes negatively associated with costimulation blockade (n = 14) could be linked to B‐cell differentiation and proliferation. We concluded that expression levels of genes characteristic of TCMR are strongly interconnected with quantitative changes of the biopsy inflammatory load. Our results might suggest differential involvement of the innate immune system, and an altered B‐cell engagement during TCMR in belatacept‐treated patients relative to CNI‐treated referents.
Patient‐reported outcomes in a study of human regular U‐500 insulin delivered by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chen Jieling , Fan Ludi , Peng Xiaomei , Ilag Liza , Ly Trang , Johnson Jennal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman regular U‐500 insulin (U‐500R) provides both basal and prandial coverage to people with diabetes. As part of the VIVID study, we studied patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) of U‐500R delivered by multiple daily injections (MDI, n = 211) and continuous subcutaneous infusion using a novel U‐500R pump (CSII, n = 209). Treatment‐Related Impact Measure for Diabetes (TRIM‐D) for Diabetes Device (TRIM‐DD) questionnaires were administered at weeks 0, 14 and 26. TRIM scores with effect sizes (ES) for within‐group and between‐group change were reported. All TRIM‐D scores significantly improved from baseline for both groups (P < .001). The Diabetes Management domain had the greatest improvement, 16.3 (ES = 0.85) and 10.6 (ES = 0.51) for CSII and MDI, respectively. At the study end, the CSII group had significantly higher TRIM‐D scores than the MDI group (P < .05). Most TRIM‐DD scores had small within‐group improvements and were not different between groups. People with type 2 diabetes on U‐500R by either CSII or MDI reported improvement in PRO, particularly in Diabetes Management, Treatment Burden and Psychological Health domains, with greater improvement in the CSII group. In terms of delivery device and function, the CSII and MDI methods were similarly acceptable.
Drug‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Pharmacological treatment practices in inpatient units in Hunan Province, China
Authors: Zhu Mengran , Ferrara Maria , Tan Wenjian , Shang Xingbo , Syed Sumaiyah , Zhang Li , Qin Qilin , Hu Xinran , Rohrbaugh Robert , Srihari Vinod H. , Liu Zhening 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis study describes antipsychotic prescription patterns for drug‐naïve inpatients diagnosed with first‐episode schizophrenia‐spectrum (FES) disorders and factors associated with practices deviating from China's current guidelines.MethodsAll inpatients aged 7 to 45 years experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia‐spectrum disorder with a duration of untreated illness of less than 18 months and admitted between 1 August 2016 and 1 August 2017 to one of eight psychiatric hospitals in Hunan were included. Demographics, clinical characteristics and prescriptions at discharge were collected from electronic medical records. Logistic regression and random forest methods were used to model relationships between demographic and clinical factors and deviations from China's guidelines.ResultsOf the 602 inpatients included in the study, 598 (99.3%) were prescribed antipsychotics, and no patients were discharged on long‐acting injectable antipsychotics. Polypharmacy (more than one antipsychotic prescribed) was present in 121 (20.2%) participants. Clozapine was prescribed to 45 (7.5%) patients. Adults receiving polypharmacy were more likely to be prescribed high‐dose antipsychotics than those receiving a single antipsychotic. Minors under 13 years of age were more likely to receive polypharmacy and unapproved antipsychotics than those older than 13 years.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that most of the inpatients were prescribed a single antipsychotic at discharge, consistent with China's guidelines. Minors with FES and patients discharged on polypharmacy and clozapine may require more intense monitoring and management. With the current implementation of China's National Mental Health Working Plan, these results will assist decision‐makers in allocating resources and conducting reforms to facilitate best practice treatment for FES.
Data‐driven machine‐learning analysis of potential embolic sources in embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Ntaios G. , Weng S. F. , Perlepe K. , Akyea R. , Condon L. , Lambrou D. , Sirimarco G. , Strambo D. , Eskandari A. , Karagkiozi E. , Vemmou A. , Korompoki E. , Manios E. , Makaritsis K. , Vemmos K. , Michel P. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeHierarchical clustering, a common ‘unsupervised’ machine‐learning algorithm, is advantageous for exploring potential underlying aetiology in particularly heterogeneous diseases. We investigated potential embolic sources in embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) using a data‐driven machine‐learning method, and explored variation in stroke recurrence between clusters.MethodsWe used a hierarchical k‐means clustering algorithm on patients’ baseline data, which assigned each individual into a unique clustering group, using a minimum‐variance method to calculate the similarity between ESUS patients based on all baseline features. Potential embolic sources were categorised into atrial cardiopathy, atrial fibrillation, arterial disease, left ventricular disease, cardiac valvulopathy, patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cancer.ResultsAmong 800 consecutive ESUS patients (43.3% women, median age 67 years), the optimal number of clusters was four. Left ventricular disease was most prevalent in cluster 1 (present in all patients) and perfectly associated with cluster 1. PFO was most prevalent in cluster 2 (38.9% of patients) and associated significantly with increased likelihood of cluster 2 [adjusted odds ratio: 2.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64–4.41]. Arterial disease was most prevalent in cluster 3 (57.7%) and associated with increased likelihood of cluster 3 (adjusted odds ratio: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.43–3.13). Atrial cardiopathy was most prevalent in cluster 4 (100%) and perfectly associated with cluster 4. Cluster 3 was the largest cluster involving 53.7% of patients. Atrial fibrillation was not significantly associated with any cluster.ConclusionsThis data‐driven machine‐learning analysis identified four clusters of ESUS that were strongly associated with arterial disease, atrial cardiopathy, PFO and left ventricular disease, respectively. More than half of the patients were assigned to the cluster associated with arterial disease.
Dimethyl fumarate‐induced lymphocyte count drop is related to clinical effectiveness in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tsantes E. , Curti E. , Ferraro D. , Lugaresi A. , Baldi E. , Montepietra S. , Immovilli P. , Simone A. M. , Mancinelli L. , Strumia S. , Vitetta F. , Foschi M. , Ferri C. , Ferrarini C. , Sola P. , Granella F. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeDimethyl fumarate (DMF) causes a mean lymphocyte count drop of approximately 30% in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. The relationship between this reduction and DMF effectiveness is controversial. The objective was to investigate if the decrease in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) from baseline during DMF treatment is associated with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disease activity. A secondary aim was to evaluate ALC variations over time in a real‐life cohort of DMF‐treated patients.MethodsDemographic, laboratory, clinical and MRI data were collected in this observational multicentre study, conducted on RRMS patients treated with DMF for at least 6 months. Multivariate Cox models were performed to evaluate the impact of 6‐month ALC drop on time to no evidence of disease activity (NEDA‐3) status loss. NEDA‐3 is defined as absence of clinical relapses, MRI disease activity and confirmed disability progression.ResultsIn all, 476 patients (312 females, age at DMF start 38.4 ± 9.97 years) were analysed up to 5‐year follow‐up. A greater lymphocyte decrease was associated with a lower risk of NEDA‐3 status loss (hazard ratio 0.87, P = 0.01). A worse outcome in patients with lower ALC drop (<11.5%), compared with higher tertiles (11.5%–40.5% and >40.5%), was observed (P = 0.008). The nadir of ALC drop (−33.6%) and 35% of grade III lymphopaenia cases occurred after 12 months of treatment.ConclusionA higher lymphocyte count drop at 6 months is related to better outcomes in DMF‐treated patients. A careful ALC monitoring should be pursued up to 24 months of treatment.