bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Antitumor Effect of Membrane-type PBLs on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell of ICR Mice
Authors: Cao Junli , Su Peng , Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Xin , Lu Xiwei , Liu Jiao , Xu Hongmei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study aims at probing the inhibitory effect of transmembrane PBLs on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) H446 cells and the potential application of PBLs on immune system of the experimental mice loaded with H446 cells. The changes of the gene expression of microRNA-25 and 223 in ICR mice with NSCLC were also investigated. Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The animal model was established via inoculation of NSCLC H446 cells at the hind thigh of mice. The plasmid PBLs was dissolved in saline solution and injected into the muscle of left thigh of the mice in experimental groups with different doses (0.1 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.3 mg per ICR mouse) using in situ injection method. After injection of PBLs solution, each three mice were killed at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. The expression of microRNA-25 and 223 were detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Tumor Necrosis Factor-γ (TNF-γ), Interleukelin-2 (IL-2) and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of TNF-γ and IL-2 protein in lung tissue were detected by western blotting. The expression of microRNA-25 was up-regulated in the tissues and BALF with a dose- and time-dependent manner while microRNA-223 was down-regulated. The difference were statistically significant comparing the control group (P<0.05). The TNF-γ and IL-2 levels in BALF of ICR mice in experimental group were increased comparing the control group with a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Synergistic effect between PBLs and HSP70 was also studied. It was found that the growth of tumor was significantly suppressed after the transfection of PBLs. In the presence of PBLs, the proliferation of splenocytes and cytolysis in early phase of tumor development was significantly enhanced. Thus, such anti-tumor effect was further improved by the synergistic effect of PBLs with HSP70. The expression of microRNA-25 and 223 are associated with NSCLC in a dose- and time-dependent manner, they might be considered as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of NSCLC.
Implementation research training for learners in low- and middle-income countries: Evaluating behavior change after participating in a massive online open course
Authors: Launois Pascal , Maher Dermot , Certain Edith , Ross Bella , Penkunas Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

Implementation research (IR) can play a critical role in the delivery of disease control interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The growing demand for IR training has led to the development of a range of training programs and university courses, the majority of which can not be accessed by learners in LMICs. This article reports on the evaluation of a massive open online course (MOOC) developed by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases hosted by the World Health Organization on the topic of IR with a focus on infectious diseases of poverty. This study followed Kirkpatrick’s Model to evaluate training programs with a specific focus on post-training changes in behavior.
Methods

MOOC participants were invited to take part in an anonymous online survey examining their IR knowledge and how they applied it in their professional practice approximately 1-1.5 years after completing the MOOC. The survey contained 43 open-ended, multiple choice and Likert-type questions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data and responses to the open-ended questions were thematically coded.
Results

A total of 748 MOOC participants responded to the survey. The demographic profile of the survey respondents aligned with that of the MOOC participants, with nearly 70% of respondents originating from Africa. Responses to the quantitative and open-ended survey questions revealed that respondents’ IR knowledge had improved to a large extent as a result of the MOOC, and that they used the knowledge and skills gained in their professional lives frequently. Respondents most often cited changes in their conceptual understanding of IR and understanding of the research process as substantial areas of change influenced by participating in the MOOC.
Conclusions

These findings indicate that the MOOC was successful in targeting learners from LMICs, in strengthening their IR knowledge and in contributing to their ability to apply it in their professional practice. The utility of MOOCs for providing IR training to learners in LMICs, where implementation challenges are encountered often, makes this platform an ideal standalone learning tool or one that could be combined with other training formats.
Identifying predictors to gain sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Hou Xingfang , Guo Qinglong , Lin Qiao , Ye Taosheng , Bi Jing , Bi Jing , Liang Juan , Yang Ke , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Juanjuan , Liang Zhihang , Zhou Xuefeng , Zhang Gengwei , Fu Xiangdong , Zhong Hongjian , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the primary threatening of human health and its diagnosis remains unsatisfactory in clinic. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) showed higher sensitivity than culture for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB). However, NAAT are expensive and not easily deployable at the peripheral level. To improve the sensitivity of NAAT for the PTB diagnosis, the predictive factors that might be utilized to give the optimized choice of NAAT were investigated.Methods: A total of 1263 PTB suspects were enrolled for evaluation. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Mtb detection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were compared. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess variables that associated with positive NAAT in sputum and BALF of PTB suspects.Results: An significantly enhanced sensitivity was observed when performed on NAAT (61.1%) compared with smear (9.0%) and culture of Mtb (47.8%). We found that erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (+), cavities (+) and IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) (+) are involved in the positivity of Mtb detection through NAAT. Moreover, those who are ESR (+), cavities (+) and IGRA (+), showed 86% diagnostic positivity of Mtb by NAAT.Conclusions: Our study suggested that combination of the results of ESR and IGRA and the presence of pulmonary cavity is helpful to predict the positivity of Mtb detection through NAAT. Those who are ESR (+), cavities (+) and IGRA (+), should perform NAAT for Mtb detection, because they are most likely to be bacteriologically confirmed as TB.
Modified Arthroscopic Latarjet Procedure: Suture-button Fixation will not Cause Obvious Increasement of Superior Instability at 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Liang Daqiang , Liu Haifeng , Liang Xinzhi , Qin Qihuang , Long Lujue , Huang Yong , Lu Wei , Deng Zhenhan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Whether coracoacromial ligament (CAL) release during Latarjet procedure will increase superior instability of shoulder joint postoperatively remains controversial. This study aims to observe changes in the acromiaohumeral distance (AHD) of patients who underwent modified double-button Latarjet procedure and provide evidence to address the issue.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted among 155 patients who underwent modified double-button Latarjet procedure in our department from 2013 to 2015. Preoperative CT scan of bilateral shoulders were used for glenoid defect evaluation. CT scans were performed immediately after operation (PO 0) and during the follow-up at 6, 36, and 60 months postoperatively (POM) to observe the healing and remodeling of the graft, and AHD was measured. The intact sides were set as control group. VAS and objective shoulder scores, including ASES, ROWE, and Walch-Duplay scores, were recorded at each time point.Results: A total of 104 cases who met the criteria completed follow up. The average follow-up time was 62.6 ± 2.4 months. Compared with preoperative conditions, the function scores of the shoulders were significantly improved at the last follow-up. There were no statistical differences of the AHD values between bilateral shoulders preoperatively. The AHD values at PO 0 and POM 6 were significantly higher than those of intact side (p < 0.05). The AHD values at POM 36 and 60 were slightly higher than those of intact side and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The modified double-button Latarjet procedure not only offers satisfactory therapeutic effect but also will not cause obvious superior instability at the 5-year follow-up.
Fosl1 Targets AMPK to Inhibit Autophagy-Mediated Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Zhong Lin , Fang Sheng , Wang An-Quan , Wang Tao , Huang Wei , Pan Zheng-Jun , Zhang Hui , Yin Zongsheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to delineate the role of Fosl1 in regulating inflammation and apoptosis following spinal cord injury.Methods: GSE45006 datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were explored to analyze Fosl1 gene expression. Next, we established an animal model to assess Fosl1 and AMPK by western blotting, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical staining and used immunofluorescence staining to check Fosl1 expression in neurons. Fosl1 silencing was used to assess the effect on AMPK, cell viability, autophagy, inflammation and apoptosis. Subsequently, an AMPK activator and inhibitor were added to PC-12 cells with H2O2-induced injury subjected to si-Fosl1 treatment to examine the change in the above indexes and to determine whether the benefits from Fosl1 silencing occurred via AMPK. Moreover, we employed chloroquine (CQ) and rapamycin (RAP) to activate and inhibit autophagy, respectively, and revealed the effects of the upregulation and downregulation of autophagy following AMPK interference. Finally, an animal model was used to identify the effect of si-Fosl1 in vivo.Results: Based on the analysis of the GSE45006 datasets, Fosl1 was found to be highly expressed and was also found to be significantly enhanced in our animal model. Fosl1 knockdown upregulated AMPK at the protein and mRNA levels, promoted autophagic proteins (LC3 II/I, Beclin1) and inhibited inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) and apoptosis markers (caspase3, Bax). However, Fosl1 decreased the negatively related autophagic protein p62, the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. By utilizing compound C (com, an AMPK inhibitor), we learned that AMPK inhibition exhibited unfavorable effects on autophagy but promoted inflammation and apoptosis following Fosl1 silencing. AMPK activation showed contrasting effects. Moreover, we used CQ (an autophagic inhibitor), which indicated that CQ reversed the benefits of AMPK activation on inflammation and apoptosis. The autophagic activator RAP attenuated the negative effects after com treatment. In vivo, si-Fosl1 increased BBB scores at 7 d and 14 d and motor neurons, meanwhile, it decreased the number of apoptotic cells, and inflammatory cytokine expression at 14 d postoperation. Conclusion: Fosl1 can suppress AMPK to promote inflammation and apoptosis through autophagy in SCI.
The Impact of Protected Areas on the Incidence of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Pizarro Maria Jose , Arriagada Rodrigo Antonio , Villaseñor Adrian , Pattanayak Subhrendu , Pozo Rocio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The natural environment provides multiple ecosystem services, and thus welfare benefits. In particular, it is known that different ecosystems, such as forests, contribute to human health through different ecological interactions, and that degradation of these natural ecosystems have been linked to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases. However, there is little evidence on how ecosystem conservation policies affect human health. In Chile, about 20% of national land is under protection by its national network of public protected areas. Methods: We use a database of mandatory reporting of diseases between 1999 and 2014, and considering socio-economic, demographic, climate and land-use factors to test for a causal relationship between protected areas and incidence of infectious diseases using negative binomial random effects models. Results: We find statistically significant effects of protected areas on a lower incidence of Paratyphoid and Typhoid Fever, Echinococcosis, Trichinosis and Anthrax. Conclusions: These results open the discussion about both causal mechanisms that link ecosystem protection with the ecology of these diseases and impacts of protected areas on further human health indicators. JEL Codes: Q58, Q57, Q56, Q01
A Study of the Influence of Atmospheric Aerosol Sources on the COVID-19 Contamination Cases Using Meteorological and Extinction Data
Authors: Piazzola Jacques , Desnues Christelle , Parent Philippe , Yohia Christophe , Canepa Elisa 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Even if the people density, habits and displacements probably represent the most important causes of the SARS-Cov-2 virus propagation, the role of the atmospheric aerosol needs to be investigated. Therefore, we aimed to study if the aerosol properties related to the different sources and meteorological conditions we can observe in urbanized areas can have an influence on in the atmospheric transport of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. This study focuses on the lockdown period to reduce the differences in the social behavior.Methods: We have investigated the contamination cases of four specific geographic areas, two in France and two in Italy, located in both continental and coastal areas with regard to the meteorological conditions and the corresponding air mass properties. To this end, we used a survey of meteorological conditions and aerosol properties via both the optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent retrievals for these locations during March 2020. Results: The results show that the analysis of aerosol ground-based data can be of interest to assess a virus survey. In particular, our data show that moderate to strong onshore winds occurring in coastal regions, which allow large sea-spray production episodes deal with smaller COVID-19 contamination rates. One possible reason is the coagulation of SARS-Cov-2 particles with hygroscopic salty sea-spray aerosols that would tend to inhibit its viral infectivity in environments with high relative humidity via possible reaction with NaCl. Conclusions: In this paper, we hypothesize that marine atmosphere conditions tend to decrease virus infectivity. In contrast, the atmospheric transport of the SARS-Cov-2 can be favored by its coagulation with anthropogenic aerosols, which protects the virus particle from ambient humidity and preserves its infectivity.
The Role of S100A9 in the Interaction Between Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells and Stromal Cells
Authors: Kung Pin-Jui , Lai Ting-Yu , Cao Jerry , Hsu Li-Chung , Chiang Tsai-Chen , Ou-Yang Pu , Tsai Ching-Yi , Tsai Yi-Fen , Lin Chih-Wen , Chen Chien-Chia , Tsai Meng-Kun , Tien Yu-Wen , LEE CHIH-YUAN 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: A major feature of the microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the signiﬁcant amount of extracellular matrix produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which have been reported to enhance the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells and negatively impact the prognosis. Methods: We analyzed the data from two publicly available microarray datasets deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus and found that the expression of S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) was increased in PDAC cells with metastatic potential and PDAC cells cocultured with PSCs. We studied the interaction between PDAC cells and PSCs in vitro and veriﬁed our ﬁnding with the survival data of patients with PDAC from the website of The Human Protein Atlas.Results: We found that PSCs stimulated PDAC cells to secrete S100A9, which attracted circulatory monocytes into cancer tissue and enhanced the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on macrophages. When analyzing the correlation of S100A9 and PD-L1 expression with the clinical outcomes of patients with PDAC, we ascertained that high expression of S100A9 and PD-L1 was associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC. Conclusions: We found that PSCs stimulated PDAC cells to secrete S100A9, which attracted circulatory monocytes into cancer tissue and enhanced the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on macrophages. When analyzing the correlation of S100A9 and PD-L1 expression with the clinical outcomes of patients with PDAC, we ascertained that high expression of S100A9 and PD-L1 was associated with poor survival in patients with PDAC.
Adolescent Mothers Reproductive Health Status in an Iranian Setting: A Cross-Sectional study
Authors: zare Maryam , Mardi Afrouz , Gaffari-moggadam Mozhgan , Nezhad-dadgar Nazila , Abazari Malek , Shadman Atefeh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Reproductive health of married adolescent mothers including family planning, sexual, psycho-social and maternal health is still a severe and persistent challenge, where millions of women give birth before the age of 18 in developing countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the reproductive health status in married adolescent mothers attending Ardabil health care centers in 2019. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 married adolescent mothers, which were selected through a convenient sampling method in 2019. A demographic information questionnaire and Adolescent Women's Reproductive Health Questionnaire were completed anonymously. Data were analyzed using Statisical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). Results: The mean age of the participants, the mean age of their husbands, and the mean age of marriage were 16.41±0.85, 24.18±2.29 and 15.06±1.15 years, respectively. The mean score of reproductive health for adolescent mothers in this study was 63.78 ±11.06. There was a significant relationship between age, education, parity, age and education of husband and contraceptive methods with reproductive health status in married adolescent mothers (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that to promote the reproductive health in adolescent mother, we need to improve the education level, and awareness of women, and their spouses and increasing their ability to use contraceptive methods. This study supports the evidence of the negative role of early marriage and motherhood on the reproductive health of adolescent mothers.
Respiratory viral co-infections among SARS-CoV-2 cases confirmed by virome capture sequencing
Authors: Kim Ki Wook , Deveson Ira W. , Pang Chi Nam I. , Yeang Malinna , Naing Zin , Adikari Thiruni , Hammond Jillian M. , Stevanovski Igor , Beukers Alicia G. , Verich Andrey , Yin Simon , McFarlane David , Wilkins Marc R. , Stelzer-Braid Sacha , Bull Rowena A. , Craig Maria E. , Hal Sebastiaan J. van , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the high prevalence of co-infections among Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients, and their potential to worsen the clinical outcome of COVID-19. However, there are few data on Southern Hemisphere populations, and most studies to date have investigated a narrow spectrum of viruses using targeted qRT-PCR. Here we assessed respiratory viral co-infections among SARS-CoV-2 patients in Australia, through respiratory virome characterization. Nasopharyngeal swabs of 92 SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were sequenced using pan-viral hybrid-capture and the Twist Respiratory Virus Panel. In total, 8% of cases were co-infected, with rhinovirus (6%) or influenzavirus (2%). Twist capture also achieved near-complete sequencing (>90% coverage, >10-fold depth) of the SARS-CoV-2 genome in 95% of specimens with Ct<30. Our results highlight the importance of assessing all pathogens in symptomatic patients, and the dual-functionality of Twist hybrid-capture, for SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequencing without amplicon generation and the simultaneous identification of viral co-infections with ease.
Polymerase Acidic Subunit of H9N2 Polymerase Complex Induces Cell Apoptosis by Binding to PDCD 7 in A549 Cells
Authors: Wang Shaohua , Li Na , Jin Shugang , Zhang Ruihua , Xu Tong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: H9N2 influenza virus, a subtype of influenza A virus, can spread across different species and induce the respiratory infectious disease in humans, leading to a severe public health risk and a huge economic loss to poultry production. Increasing studies have shown that polymerase acidic (PA) subunit of RNA polymerase in ribonucleoproteins complex of H9N2 involves in crossing the host species barriers, the replication and airborne transmission of H9N2.Methods: Here, to further investigate the role of PA subunit during the infection of H9N2 influenza virus, we employed mass spectrometry (MS) to search the potential binding proteins of PA subunit of H9N2. Our MS results showed that programmed cell death protein 7 (PDCD7) is a binding target of PA subunit. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays further confirmed the interaction between PDCD7 and PA subunit. Overexpression of PA subunit in A549 lung cells greatly increased the levels of PDCD7 in the nuclear and induced cell death assayed by MTT assay.Results: Flow cytometry analysis and Western blot results showed that PA subunit overexpression significantly increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein, bax and caspase 3, and induced cell apoptosis. However, knockout of PDCD7 effectively attenuated the effects of PA overexpression in cell apoptosis.Conclusions: In conclusion, the PA subunit of H9N2 bind with PDCD7 and regulated cell apoptosis, which provide new insights in the role of PA subunit during H9N2 influenza virus infection.