bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXI-20 Milking collar activity data is associated with health events and feed intake in lactating Holstein cattle
Authors: Jantzi Abigail E , Siberski Cori J , Goetz Brady M , Healey Mary , Hayman Kristen , Gorden Patrick J , Baumgard Lance H , Koltes James E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Feed is the largest expense for dairy farms, thus feed efficiency is essential to the sustainability and future of the industry. Our objective was to evaluate the association of milking collar activity with feed intake and health status in lactating cows. Health status was classified for impact of three durations of time (overall, current, or post diagnosis) and as: healthy, mastitis, lame, multiple, or other. Activity data for 155 lactating cows with feed intake records were averaged across two-hour windows to obtain a daily two-hour average. A larger population (n &gt; 1,600) was used to filter out sensor failures and normalize data. Sensor data were adjusted for parity and contemporary group creating adjusted sensor measure (ASM). Dry matter intake (DMI) was adjusted (aDMI) for metabolic body weight, days in milk, and energy sinks used to calculate residual feed intake. Associations between ASM and aDMI, DMI, or health were conducted in SAS9.4. An association of ASM with aDMI was identified (estimate = 0.1635 kg/log count of average activity in a 2-hour period; P &lt; 0.0029). ASM was also associated with DMI (0.2329 kg/log count of average activity, P &lt; 0.0007). ASM was associated with current and overall health timeframes (P &lt; 0.0008 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). When health, ASM, and their interaction were included in a model with the response variable aDMI, significant associations were found in the models, including current and overall health (current health: ASM and health: P &lt; 0.0001, interaction: P &lt; 0.0009; overall health: ASM, health, and interaction: P &lt; 0.0001). These results indicate that milking collar data may be useful as a predictor of feed intake either directly or indirectly through detection of health events. Additional studies are needed to determine the predictive ability of collar activity data and the relationship between collar data and health, and to assess if collar activity is an environmental proxy or heritable trait.
PSII-6 Comparative effects of two multi-species direct-fed microbial products on rumen fermentation, bacterial community and metabolome of beef steers
Authors: Ogunade Ibukun M , Compart Devan M , Pech-Cervantes Andres A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We examined the effects of two direct-fed microbials (DFM) containing multiple microbial species and their fermentation products on ruminal fermentation, bacterial community and metabolome of beef steers. Nine rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 3 treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) CON (basal diet without additive), (2) PROB (basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and (3) SYNB (basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence is a blend of active S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei, and their fermentation products. RX3 is a blend of active S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. Daily dry matter intake was calculated. On d 21 of each period, ruminal contents were sampled at 3, 6, 12, and 18 h after feeding for analysis of VFA, bacterial community via 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolome via chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. There was no effect on DMI. Compared to CON, supplementation of either PROB or SYNB increased or tended to increase (P ≤ 0.10) total VFA, propionate, and valerate concentrations. Compared to CON, PROB reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, but increased those of Rikenellaceae RC9, Succinivibrionaceae UCG-001, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, whereas SYNB decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and increased those of Prevotella 7, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014. Metabolome analysis revealed that 8 ruminal metabolites, including some amino acids, were increased (P ≤ 0.05) by PROB, whereas no differences were found for SYNB. This study demonstrated that supplemental PROB or SYNB altered the ruminal bacterial community and metabolome differently to achieve a similar ruminal fermentation pattern.
PSIX-23 Physicochemical properties and starch gelatinization affected by corn grain processed using super-conditioned pelleting, extruding and puffing
Authors: Rahimi Atieh - , Naserian Abbasali , Valizadeh Reza , Tahmasebi Abdolmansour , Dehghani Hesam , Soltani Esmaeil , Sung Kyung-Il , Kim Byong-Wan , Kim Ji-Yung , Lee Bae-Hun , Nejad Jalil Ghasemi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties and starch gelatinization of an Iranian corn grain (single crass 702) processed using different thermal processing methods including 1) grinding (G, 2mm), 2) super-conditioned pelleting (SCP; moisture 20%, retention time 6 min and conditioning temperature 95°C), 3) extruding (EX; moisture 20%, temperature of melting zone 75°C and die zone 125°C, screw speed 75 rpm and time 150s) and 4) puffing (PUF; puffing temperature 200°C, hot air velocity 25 m/s, feed rate 100 g/m). The particle size of the samples was measured through sieves. Apparent density and chemical composition were measured based on AOAC methods. Starch gelatinization was determined in accordance with the enzymatic procedure. Data were analyzed by GLM procedure of SAS (P&lt; 0.05) using a completely randomized design with 4 replications for every treatment. Apparent density in G and SCP corn were similar but greater than EX and PUF corns (0.85 and 0.77 via 0.29 and 0.06 (kg/L), respectively). The PUF corn showed the most geometric mean particle size (10.55 mm) and followed by EX (8.68 mm), SCP (3.55 mm) and G (1.60 mm). The DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and NFC % were not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) affected by different processing methods. Starch content in thermal processing methods of SCP, EX and PUF (73.27, 73.22 and 73.20 % of DM, respectively) was greater (P = 0.04) than the G corn (72.23 % of DM). The highest (P &lt; 0.01) starch gelatinization was provided by the PUF (26.85 %), followed by the EX, SCP and G processes (22.95, 16.45 and 4.68 %, respectively). Obtained results imply that super-conditioned pelleting process as a new processing method despite of greater apparent density provided more starch gelatinization similar to extruded and puffed corn, thus it can increase the efficacy of starch utilization in corn grain.
PSIX-2 Feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol reduces methane emissions by feedlot cattle
Authors: Da Ros de Araújo Tiago Luís , Hoffmann Alvair , Renesto Diego M , Leite Rhaony G , Rabelo Carlos H S , Valério de Carvalho Victor V , Vasconcellos Guilherme S F M , Tamassia Luis Fernando , Acedo Tiago S , Gouvea Vinicius N , Reis Ricardo A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding 3-nitrooxypropanol (3NOP; Bovaer®, DSM Nutritional Products) at two doses on methane emissions and performance by feedlot cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block, in which 138 Nellore bulls (iBW, 360 ± 37.3 kg) were placed in collective pens (9 pens per treatment) and fed a high-concentrate diet (R:C, 11:89) according with the following three treatments: 1) 0ppm 3NOP /day; 2) 100ppm 3NOP/day, or 3) 150ppm 3NOP/day. For performance and DMI assessments the pen was the experimental unit. For methane emission evaluations, CH4 and DMI were assessed individually in 12 pens (2 bulls/pen, 8 bulls (experimental units)/treatment). Methane emission was measured for 6 consecutive days using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique in two times over the experimental period (d15d -d21) and (105d to 111d), whereby the gross energy (GE) variables were calculated using equations. The individual DMI was measured using the two markers technique (Chromium oxide and indigestible NDF). The data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS and means comparison were carried out by Tukey’s test. Regardless of the level, dietary supplementation with 3NOP decreased (P &lt; 0.001) methane emissions by 49.7% as expressed as g/d (146.0 vs. ~74 g/d−1); by 38.6% when expressed as g/kg ADG (91 vs ~56 g/kg ADG), and by 40.7% when expressed as g/kg DMI (13.5 vs. ~8 g/kg DMI). Likewise, dietary supplementation with 3NOP decreased (P &lt; 0.001) the GE loss as a percentage of the GE intake by 42.4% (4.74 vs ~2.73%). However, feeding 3NOP had no effect on animalsˈ DM intake (~2.43 %BW; P = 0.23), ADG (~1.52 kg/d; P = 0.11) and HCW (~284 kg, P = 0.26). We conclude that Bovaer® can be used to effectively reduce methane emission by feedlot cattle without adverse effects on performance.
PSIX-8 Impact of Automated Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Wheatgrass on Holstein Beef Performance & Meat Quality
Authors: Ineck Nikole E , Hall Laun , Bateman Brad , Raban Scott , Thornton Kara J , Graf Brittany 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The GrōPod is an automated Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technology that produces sprouted grain (wheatgrass) at commercial scale to deliver fresh Grōv High Density Nutrient (HDN) feed to cattle year-round. In this study, 80 Holstein beef animals were randomized into two groups and fed ad libitum either a high-energy (84% concentrate) grain-fed finishing ration (CTL) or a ration comprising up to 42% HDN wheatgrass. All animals were monitored for growth performance through the finishing phase, and 10 animals from each group were harvested for meat quality analysis. HDN-fed animals showed numerically higher (P = 0.13) average daily gain of 2.9 lbs v 2.8 lbs, and body weight after 126 d on feed compared to the CTL. Carcasses from the HDN-fed group tended (P = 0.06) to grade at a higher USDA quality grade (Choice) versus CTL (Choice minus). Meat samples from the HDN-fed group had a lower (P &lt; 0.05) percent of trans-saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the sample. The HDN-fed group had a lower (P = 0.06) ratio of omega 6:omega 3 fatty acids. Preliminary data indicates Grōv HDN wheatgrass finishing ration may exhibit positive effects on feedlot performance and meat quality in Holstein beef cattle in comparison to a high-energy finishing ration.
PSIX-1 Fecal microbiome of dairy calves fed with fresh or frozen maternal colostrum or colostrum powder
Authors: Virgínio Júnior Gercino F , Tomaluski Cristiane , Silva Ana Paula , Dondé Sophia , Montenegro Horácio , Coutinho Luiz , Bittar Carla Maris M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Besides the importance for passive immune transfer, the supply of colostrum accelerates the bacterial colonization of the calf small intestine by providing nutrients, that will function as bacteria growth substrate, as well being a microorganism inoculum source. However, it is not known whether the effect is maintained when the calves are fed with frozen colostrum or colostrum powder. The present work evaluated 15 Holstein calves housed in tropical shelters, fed one of the colostrum sources: I – fresh colostrum from the dam (n = 5), II – frozen colostrum and III – colostrum powder, a dose of 150g of IgG (n = 5). Animals fed with fresh or frozen colostrum received a corresponding volume 10% of its birth weight of high-quality colostrum (IgG &gt; 50g / L). All animals were fed within 4h after birth. From the second meal, calves received 6 L of liquid diet, divided into two meals, being weaned at the 8th week of age. After weaning, calves were grouped housed, and fed with starter and coast-cross hay ad libitum. To evaluate the microbiome, fecal samples were collected at birth and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10. The microbial community was determined by sequencing V3 and V4 region amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene that was amplified by PCR and sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform. There was no treatment effect for the diversity indices, evenness and richness. Simpson’s diversity and evenness had no effect for weeks. Weeks 1 and 2 had less Shannon’ diversity. Richness was higher for week 0. Analyzing the relative abundance, 31 phyla were identified in the fecal samples, the most abundant being Bacteriodota, Firmicutes_A, Proteobacterias, Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. Different sources of colostrum can be used to feed dairy calves, without affecting the diversity in the colonization of the intestinal tract.
PSVI-10 Effects of lipid and starch supplementation on total water intake of Holstein bull-calves
Authors: Franco Arturo Macias , Fonseca Mozart , Norris Aaron , Silva Aghata , De Moura Felipe H 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Water intake of dairy calves is often overlooked by most nutrition models which can be associated with the misconception that dairy calves meet their water requirements with milk or milk replacer (MR) alone. The goals herein were to investigate the effect of two isoenergetic supplements fed in a MR diet on total water intake (TWI) and fresh water intake (FWI). Twenty-three Holstein bull-calves (94.67 ± 12.07 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design and received one of three supplements for 68 days: control (CON; n = 7), carbohydrates (CHO; n = 8), and lipid (FAT; n = 8); on top of a MR-based diet. The CON was composed of ad libitum MR alone. The FAT was composed of a supplementation of menhaden fish oil on CON (3%); and CHO was composed of corn starch supplementation on CON. All animals were provided free access to mineral mix, 200 g daily dried brewer’s spent grains, and clean water. Data were analyzed with orthogonal contrasts for pre-specified treatment comparisons using R statistical software [R Core Team (2019)]. No significant differences were observed for MR intake, 3.13, 3.05, and 3.14 kg, final bodyweight, 208.75, 200.94, 202.64 kg, and average daily gain, 1.74, 1.60, 1.64 kg, for FAT, CHO, and CON, respectively. TWI in a metabolic bodyweight (MBW) basis was different (P &lt; 0.05) amongst treatments; lower TWI intake was seen for FAT than CHO than CON (0.363 and 0.388 vs 0.423 L/kg0.75, respectively). TWI without MBW resulted in similar results (P &lt; .05) with average TWI of 15.69, 16.08, and 18.00 L; FWI differences (P &lt; .05) were seen alone 1.51, 2.59, and 3.77 L, as well as in MBW basis 0.033, 0.060, and 0.088 L/kg.75 for FAT, CHO, and CON. These data could potentially show that metabolic water production in early ruminant animals can significantly decrease water intake.
PSX-17 Genome-wide diversity and demographic history of Russian native goat breeds
Authors: Deniskova Tatiana Evgenievna , Dotsev Arsen V , Selionova Marina I , Fornara Margaret S , Reyer Henry , Wimmers Klaus , Brem Gottfried , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Specific environmental conditions and local livestock management systems resulted in creation of valuable native breeds. The timely monitoring of genetic diversity within native breeds based on using high-throughput DNA arrays will prevent their irreparable loss. In this regard, we aimed to assess genome-wide diversity and to study demographic history of Russian native goat breeds (Altai Mountain, Orenburg, Soviet Mohair, Dagestan Milk, Dagestan Local, Dagestan Fluff and Karachaev) based on SNP-data. A total of 200 goats were genotyped using Goat 50K SNP BeadChip (Illumina, USA). Quality control and SNP-filtering were performed in PLINKv1.9. R package ‘diveRsity’ was used to calculate observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and inbreeding coefficient (Fis). Effective population sizes (Ne) were estimated in SneP software. Observed heterozygosity was high and exceeded 0.402 in five out of seven breeds. Orenburg, Soviet Mohair, Dagestan Milk, and Karachaev breeds showed slight excess of heterozygotes varied from 0.6% (Fis= -0.015) in Orenburg to 1.7% (Fis= -0.04) in Karachaev breed. The traces of insignificant inbreeding were found in Dagestan Local (Fis=0.005) and Dagestan Fluff (Fis= 0.01) breeds. The recent effective population sizes estimated for four generations ago varied from 140 in Karachaev to 472 in Orenburg breed. Analysis of historical trends in effective population sizes estimated for sixty generations ago revealed obvious decrease ranging from 10.25% in Dagestan Local to 34.65% in Orenburg breed. However, recent effective sizes in Russian native goats are higher than critical threshold (Ne= 100) that is essential to breed maintenance in the future. Our research findings provide an evidence that Russian native goat breeds are not in endangered status, but development of the effective utilization programs is highly recommended. The genotyping of 96 goats was funded by RSF No. 19-76-20006. The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-316-20006.
PSX-20 Internal parasite resistance measured on pasture and in confinement of young Kiko bucks
Authors: Gipson Terry A , Hart Steven P , Puchala Ryszard , Wang Zaisen , Quijada Jessica , Garcia-Gill Margaret , Sanders James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resistance to internal parasites (IP) is important in the sustainability of a meat goat enterprise. Langston University (LU) and the American Kiko Goat Association conducted a SecondGeneration Buck Performance Test in 2019. The performance test measured fecal egg count (FEC) and packed-cell volume (PCV) in a natural challenge of 6 wk on pasture (PAS) and in an artificial challenge in dry-lot confinement (CON). Seventy-seven Kiko bucks less than 1 yr of age completed both PAS and CON. The PAS was conducted on a 23-ha pasture with native grasses and forbs. Bucks were supplemented at 0.5% BW (25.8±0.18 kg) daily to facilitate visual inspection of animals. CON was conducted at LU’s testing facility. Bucks were sampled every 2 wk in PAS. In CON, bucks were sampled on d 29, 34, and 38 following an artificial challenge with each buck receiving 7,000 L3 Haemonchus contortus larvae. Average FEC and PCV for each buck for PAS and CON were analyzed. The correlation between FEC-PAS and PCV-PAS was -0.283 (P &lt; 0.05), which is almost identical to the correlation between FEC-CON and PCV-CON (r=-0.280, P &lt; 0.05). The Spearman rank correlation between FEC-PAS and FEC-CON was 0.069 (P &gt; 0.50). However, the Spearman rank correlation between PCV-PAS and PCV-CON was 0.376 (P &lt; 0.01). Using mixed model methods, the means for FEC-CON and FEC-PAS were similar (1,428 vs 1,698±169 epg for CON and PAS, respectively). However, PCV were different (P &lt; 0.01), with 28.3 vs. 20.7±0.34 for CON and PAS, respectively. Pasture PCV was a predictor of PCV in confinement and vice versa; however, that was not true for FEC, indicating that FEC in PAS and in CON may be two separate traits. Future buck performance tests should incorporate pasture and confinement phases to more precisely identify superior bucks for IP resistance.
PSX-8 Effects of dietary concentrate level and limited feed access on feed intake and performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats
Authors: Ribeiro Luana P , Puchala Ryszard , Gipson Terry A , Lourencon Raquel V , Goetsch Arthur L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective was to determine if effects of different limited feed access treatments on performance by lactating Alpine dairy goats vary with dietary concentrate level. Primiparous (29; 55.2±0.8 kg BW) and multiparous Alpine goats (29; 70.2±1.06 kg) were used in a 24-wk study of 3 8-wk phases beginning at 7.1±0.37 d after kidding. Diets of 40 or 60% concentrate (40C and 60C, respectively) were offered free choice in Calan gate feeders, with access continuously (CON), for 8 h between morning and afternoon milkings (DAY), or for 2 h after each milking (FRH). Although there were many interactions involving phase, ADG during the entire study was greater for CON vs. FRH (P &lt; 0.05; -20, -41, and -61 g for CON, DAY, and FRH, respectively; SEM = 8.6). Intake of DM also was greater for CON than for FRH (P &lt; 0.05; 2.17, 2.03, 2.01, 2.29, 2.07, and 1.80 kg/d for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.093). There were interactions (P &lt; 0.02) between concentrate level and access treatment in milk yield (2.55, 2.41, 2.61, 3.21, 2.66, and 2.27 kg/d; SEM=0.103) and protein concentration (2.65, 2.55, 2.60, 2.67, 2.70, and 2.49%; SEM = 0.042), and milk fat concentration was greatest among treatments (P &lt; 0.05) for FRH (2.79, 2.77, 3.18, 2.86, 2.89, and 3.02% for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.103). As a consequence, milk energy yield was 6.14, 5.70, 6.67, 7.83, 6.58, and 5.61 MJ/d (SEM=0.251) and the ratio of milk energy to DMI was 3.01, 2.87, 3.37, 3.47, 3.28, and 3.18 MJ/kg for 40C-CON, 40C-DAY, 40C-FRH, 60C-CON, 60C-DAY, and 60C-FRH, respectively; SEM=0.123). Overall, limited feeder access treatments did not improve performance and, in fact, the shortest access treatment increased BW loss; however, efficiency of feed DM usage for milk energy yield was not adversely impacted.
PSX-27 The influence of technological stress on the biochemical status of lambs with different genotypes
Authors: Bagirov Vugar A , Iolchiev Baylar S , Volkova Natalia , Vetokh Anastasia N , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sheep breeding is accompanied by various technological processes, some of them are stress factors, and one of these factors is the weaning of lambs from mothers. The goal was to study the effect of technological stress on the biochemical status and growth indicators of lambs with different genotypes. Lambs were divided into three groups: pure-bred Romanov (n = 18), Katahdin (n = 7) and Argali hybrids (¼Argali × ¾Romanov, n = 17). Before weaning and 15 and 30 days after weaning, the lambs live weight was determined and the blood serum biochemistry analysis was conducted. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSSv.23. The effects of genotype and technological stress on body weight and biochemical status are statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001). The live weight of the lambs before weaning was: Romanov 15.88±1.20kg, Katahdin 22.23±0.91kg, and hybrids 14.32±1.03kg. The differences between hybrids with Katahdins and Romanovs were 55% and 39.9% (P ≤ 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) before weaning in Romanov lambs was 153.0±12.0g, Katahdins 203.0±8.0g and hybrids 119±11.0g. As a result of lambs weaning from mothers, technological stress was accompanied by an increase urea blood serum level in lambs. In hybrids it averaged 6.61mmol/L, which is 57% more than before weaning (P ≤ 0.05). In Katahdin, Romanov and hybrid lambs during the adaptation period was observed an increase the blood cholesterol level by 7.08%, 23% and 18% respectively, and ADG in all groups was decreased and amounted in hybrids 72±5.0g, in Romanovs 83±5.6g and in Katahdins 110±4.3g. The results of the study showed that the reaction of lambs to technological stress depends on the genotype of the animal, and the adaptation process after weaning is accompanied by a decrease in growth intensity. Supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project №18–16–00079) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (theme №АААА-А18-118021590132-9).