bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional Healing Practices Using Herbal Dosage Forms and Other Agents by Magar Community of Gulmi District, Nepal
Authors: Khanal D P , Raut Bechan , Magar Yamuna T 
Published: August 2020

Correction: The page numbers were changed from 24-41 to 20-38 on 31/08/2020.
Background: The distinctive climatic and ecological conditions make Gulmi a unique existence for a large Biodiversity. For thousands of years, Magars are living in this area and they are mostly dependent on agriculture. They follow their own ancient traditional healing practices. But socio-cultural activities of the Magars community are directly and indirectly related to the plants resources. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the survey of traditional healing practice including plant used and dhami-jhakri of Magars community of Gulmi district Nepal.
Objective: The main objective of the study was to explore the traditional healing practices and identify the plants used by Magar Community of Gulmi District, Nepal for their healing practices.
Methodology: It was descriptive cross sectional study. A survey was performed using open ended questionnaires and face to face interview with the healers of Magar community of Gulmi, district Nepal.
Result: Various belief of causes of diseases on traditional healers were found. They were vayu-batas,masan, bhut-pret, Grahadasha, Boksi, Pitri risako, kul deuta risako etc . Moreover the diseases were diagnosed by Observation of eye, Observation of nadi, Phukphak, Jantarmantar, Bali, Puja, Akcheta herne etc.
Spiritual based four healing techniques and/or approaches, Phukphak, Bali, Jantar-mantar and kul bigreko, used by traditional healers. Healers were using 31 plant species belonged to 23 families for preparing different poly-herbal formulations to cure various ailments like arthritis, wound and injury, dysentery, fever, snake bite, jaundice, diabetes, hypertension , asthma, stone remover, eye infection, menstrual disorder, burn, allergy, toothache, fever, headache, pneumonia etc.
Conclusion: All together 31 species of plants of 25 families were found to be used as traditional medicines formulation during the study. 24 different types of formulations have been observed throughout the research. Five different types of dosage forms were used. Nelumbo nucifera was widely used for the treatment of Jaundice than other allopathic medicine.
Creation of a comprehensive training and career development approach to increase the number of neurosurgeons supported by National Institutes of Health funding
Authors: Lonser Russell R. , Smith Luke G. F. , Tennekoon Michael , Rezai-Zadeh Kavon P. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Korn Stephen J. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE
To increase the number of independent National Institutes of Health (NIH)–funded neurosurgeons and to enhance neurosurgery research, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) developed two national comprehensive programs (R25 [established 2009] for residents/fellows and K12 [2013] for early-career neurosurgical faculty) in consultation with neurosurgical leaders and academic departments to support in-training and early-career neurosurgeons. The authors assessed the effectiveness of these NINDS-initiated programs to increase the number of independent NIH-funded neurosurgeon-scientists and grow NIH neurosurgery research funding.

METHODS
NIH funding data for faculty and clinical department funding were derived from the NIH, academic departments, and Blue Ridge Institute of Medical Research databases from 2006 to 2019.

RESULTS
Between 2009 and 2019, the NINDS R25 funded 87 neurosurgical residents. Fifty-three (61%) have completed the award and training, and 39 (74%) are in academic practice. Compared to neurosurgeons who did not receive R25 funding, R25 awardees were twice as successful (64% vs 31%) in obtaining K-series awards and received the K-series award in a significantly shorter period of time after training (25.2 ± 10.1 months vs 53.9 ± 23.0 months; p < 0.004). Between 2013 and 2019, the NINDS K12 has supported 19 neurosurgeons. Thirteen (68%) have finished their K12 support and all (100%) have applied for federal funding. Eleven (85%) have obtained major individual NIH grant support. Since the establishment of these two programs, the number of unique neurosurgeons supported by either individual (R01 or DP-series) or collaborative (U- or P-series) NIH grants increased from 36 to 82 (a 2.3-fold increase). Overall, NIH funding to clinical neurological surgery departments between 2006 and 2019 increased from $66.9 million to $157.3 million (a 2.2-fold increase).

CONCLUSIONS
Targeted research education and career development programs initiated by the NINDS led to a rapid and dramatic increase in the number of NIH-funded neurosurgeon-scientists and total NIH neurosurgery department funding.
Impact of sufficient contact between the autograft and endplate soon after surgery to prevent nonunion at 12 months following posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Ushirozako Hiroki , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Ebata Shigeto , Ohba Tetsuro , Oba Hiroki , Mukaiyama Keijiro , Shimizu Satoshi , Yamato Yu , Ide Koichiro , Shibata Yosuke , Ojima Toshiyuki , Takahashi Jun , Haro Hirotaka , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVENonunion after posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is associated with poor long-term outcomes in terms of health-related quality of life. Biomechanical factors in the fusion segment may influence spinal fusion rates. There are no reports on the relationship between intervertebral union and the absorption of autografts or vertebral endplates. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the risk factors of nonunion after PLIF and identify preventive measures.METHODSThe authors analyzed 138 patients who underwent 1-level PLIF between 2016 and 2018 (75 males, 63 females; mean age 67 years; minimum follow-up period 12 months). Lumbar CT images obtained soon after the surgery and at 6 and 12 months of follow-up were examined for the mean total occupancy rate of the autograft, presence of a translucent zone between the autograft and endplate (more than 50% of vertebral diameter), cage subsidence, and screw loosening. Complete intervertebral union was defined as the presence of both upper and lower complete fusion in the center cage regions on coronal and sagittal CT slices at 12 months postoperatively. Patients were classified into either union or nonunion groups.RESULTSComplete union after PLIF was observed in 62 patients (45%), while nonunion was observed in 76 patients (55%). The mean total occupancy rate of the autograft immediately after the surgery was higher in the union group than in the nonunion group (59% vs 53%; p = 0.046). At 12 months postoperatively, the total occupancy rate of the autograft had decreased by 5.4% in the union group and by 11.9% in the nonunion group (p = 0.020). A translucent zone between the autograft and endplate immediately after the surgery was observed in 14 and 38 patients (23% and 50%) in the union and nonunion groups, respectively (p = 0.001). The nonunion group had a significantly higher proportion of cases with cage subsidence and screw loosening at 12 months postoperatively in comparison to the union group (p = 0.010 and p = 0.009, respectively).CONCLUSIONSA lower occupancy rate of the autograft and the presence of a translucent zone between the autograft and endplate immediately after the surgery were associated with nonunion at 12 months after PLIF. It may be important to achieve sufficient contact between the autograft and endplate intraoperatively for osseous union enhancement and to avoid excessive absorption of the autograft. The achievement of complete intervertebral union may decrease the incidence of cage subsidence or screw loosening.
Asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy for correction of concurrent sagittal-coronal imbalance in adult spinal deformity: a comparative analysis
Authors: Lau Darryl , Haddad Alexander F. , Deviren Vedat , Ames Christopher P. 
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVERigid multiplanar thoracolumbar adult spinal deformity (ASD) cases are challenging and many require a 3-column osteotomy (3CO), specifically asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy (APSO). The outcomes and additional risks of performing APSO for the correction of concurrent sagittal-coronal deformity have yet to be adequately studied.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective review of all ASD patients who underwent 3CO during the period from 2006 to 2019. All cases involved either isolated sagittal deformity (patients underwent standard PSO) or concurrent sagittal-coronal deformity (coronal vertical axis [CVA] ≥ 4.0 cm; patients underwent APSO). Perioperative and 2-year follow-up outcomes were compared between patients with isolated sagittal imbalance who underwent PSO and those with concurrent sagittal-coronal imbalance who underwent APSO.RESULTSA total of 390 patients were included: 338 who underwent PSO and 52 who underwent APSO. The mean patient age was 64.6 years, and 65.1% of patients were female. APSO patients required significantly more fusions with upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV) in the upper thoracic spine (63.5% vs 43.3%, p = 0.007). Radiographically, APSO patients had greater deformity with more severe preoperative sagittal and coronal imbalance: sagittal vertical axis (SVA) 13.0 versus 10.7 cm (p = 0.042) and CVA 6.1 versus 1.2 cm (p < 0.001). In APSO cases, significant correction and normalization were achieved (SVA 13.0–3.1 cm, CVA 6.1–2.0 cm, lumbar lordosis [LL] 26.3°–49.4°, pelvic tilt [PT] 38.0°–20.4°, and scoliosis 25.0°–10.4°, p < 0.001). The overall perioperative complication rate was 34.9%. There were no significant differences between PSO and APSO patients in rates of complications (overall 33.7% vs 42.3%, p = 0.227; neurological 5.9% vs 3.9%, p = 0.547; medical 20.7% vs 25.0%, p = 0.482; and surgical 6.5% vs 11.5%, p = 0.191, respectively). However, the APSO group required significantly longer stays in the ICU (3.1 vs 2.3 days, p = 0.047) and hospital (10.8 vs 8.3 days, p = 0.002). At the 2-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in mechanical complications, including proximal junctional kyphosis (p = 0.352), pseudarthrosis (p = 0.980), rod fracture (p = 0.852), and reoperation (p = 0.600).CONCLUSIONSASD patients with significant coronal imbalance often have severe concurrent sagittal deformity. APSO is a powerful and effective technique to achieve multiplanar correction without higher risk of morbidity and complications compared with PSO for sagittal imbalance. However, APSO is associated with slightly longer ICU and hospital stays.
KAJIAN GINOKRITIK PADA NOVEL NAMAKU TEWERAUT KARYA ANI SEKARNINGSIH
Authors: Purnamasari Intan , Fitriani Yessi 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bahasa perempuan dan budaya perempuan yang tergambar dalam novel Namaku Teweraut karya Ani Sekarningsih. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Teknik dan prosedur pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Hasil analisis data yang diperoleh dari bahasa perempuan adalah pengarang mengekspresikan pengalaman perempuan dari bahasa berupa (1) Tulisan tersurat yang berwujud bahasa terbuka, bahasa yang mengalir; (2) Tulisan tersirat, bahasa berupa majas; (3) Ekspresi tubuh dalam bahasa perempuan yang meliputi ekspresi tubuh dalam bahasa perempuan melalui bahasa mengalir berupa bahasa yang lemah, tidak berdaya, terbatas, ekspresi tubuh dalam bahasa perempuan melalui bahasa terbuka, ekspresi tubuh dalam bahasa perempuan melalui bahasa terpecah-pecah yang meliputi esabar, tegas, keras, dan cerdas; (4) Unsur multifokal . sedangkan Budaya diproleh (1) Values mencakup nilai moral hubungan manusia dengan dirinya sendiri, manusia dengan sesamanya, manusia dengan Tuhannya; (2) Institusi-institusi yang terdapat dalam novel adalah institusi di luar dan dalam negeri ; (3) Relationship adalah hubungan keluarga kandung, hubungan sosial (sahabat, tempat bekerja), hubungan keluarga pihakÂ suami dan istri lain suami; (4) Metode komunikasi berupa komunikasi yang efektif, komunikasi mendapat perhatian, komunikasi menggunakan indera (tangan, senyuman, tatapan mata, gerakan bahu).
ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE GURU-SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 05 INDRALAYA KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR
Authors: Aryani Novita 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan alih kode dan campur kodeÂ guru-siswa dalam pembelajaran tematik kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 05 Indralaya Kabupaten ogan Ilir yang berlokasi di Desa Indralaya kelurahan Indralaya Mulya. Metode yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik rekam, simak, dilanjutkan dengan teknik catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya fenomena alih kode dan campur kode, wujud alih kode, dan Campur kode, fungsi alih kode dan campur kode. Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya alih kode dan campur kode. Dampak positif alih kode dan campur kode guru-siswa dalam pembelajaran tematik kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri 05 Indralaya Kabupaten Ogan Ilir, adalah proses belajar mengajar dapat berjalan dengan lancar, baik bagi guru maupun siswa itu sendiri. Pengaruh negatifÂ penggunaan alih kode dan campur kode yaitu rusaknya tatanan bahasa Indonesia yang diakibatkan terjadinya interferensi dan integrasi, penggunaan bahasa Indonesia tidak dilakukan dengan baik dan benar sehingga dalam pembelajaran situasi menjadi tidak formal.
PEMERTAHANAN BAHASA KAYUAGUNG DIALEK PEMATANG PANGGANG MASYARAKAT DESA MAKARTI MULYA KECAMATAN MESUJI KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR
Authors: Sawitri Erwin 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tingkat pemertahanan bahasa Kayuagung Dialek Pematang Panggang Masyarakat Desa Makarti Mulya Kecamatan Mesuji Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir dan faktor penghambat pemertahanan bahasa Kayuagung Dialek Pematang Panggang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, angket danÂ rekam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam tiga ranah bahasa Kayuagung Dialek Pematang Panggang dapat bertahan dan tiga ranah yang lain bahasa Kayuagung Dialek Pematang Panggang tidak mampu bertahan. Kedua, faktor penghambat pemertahanan bahasa Kayuagung dialek Pematang Panggang, yaitu (1) faktor kedwibahasaan, (2) faktor pernikahan antara etnis yang berbeda, (3) faktor pendidkan yang menambah khasanah masyarakat dan (4) faktor mayoritas Jawa menggerus kebudayaan dan adat-istiadat Kayuagung.
MAKNA SIMBOLIK DAN KRITIK SOSIAL DALAM KUMPULAN PUISI DOA UNTUK ANAK CUCU KARYA WS. RENDRA
Authors: Yusnaini Yusnaini 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis Simbolik terhadap kumpulan puisi W.S. Rendra dengan pendekatan teori semiotik Semiotika yang merupakan bagian ilmu atau metode analisis untuk mengkaji tanda (simbol).Â yang terfokus pada kode simbolik menurut Charles Sanders Pierce. Kode simbolik menurut Charles Sanders Pierce semiotika adalah ilmu yang meneliti tanda-tanda, sistem-sistem tanda, dan proses suatu tanda diartikan. Simbolik adalah tema, merupakan sesuatu yang bersifat tidak stabil dan tema ini dapat ditentukan dan beragam bentuknya sesuai dengan pendekatan yang digunakan. Kajian makna simbolik tidak terlepas dari suatu kajian semiotika yang bisa dianalisis sesuai dengan bentuknya. Aspek yang dikaji merupakan penggunaan simbolik dan bagaimana makna simbolik yang terdapat dalam Kumpulan Puisi Doa untuk Anak Cucu Karya W.S. Rendra. Dari hasil penelitianÂ menunjukkan bahwa pengarang menggunakan simbolik dalam puisinya. Jika dilihat simbol yang terdapat dalam puisi makna yang dimiliki ketika simbol itu berdiri sendiri memiliki makna yang berbeda setelah dimasukkan kedalam puisi. Untuk dapat memahami simbol yang diciptakan pengarang kita harus memahaminya secara utuh.
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ROLE PLAY TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA DALAM MEMERANKAN DRAMA PADA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI 68 SEBERANG ULU 1 PALEMBANG
Authors: Nofrianti Ice 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas V SD Negeri 68 Seberang Ulu 1 Palembang yang berjumlah 30 orang. Berdasarkan analisis data obesrvasi pada siklus I jumlah keseluruhan kemampuan berbicara dalam bentuk memerankan tokoh drama melalui metode bermain peran siswa kelas V SDNegeri 68 Seberang Ulu 1 Palembang hanya 71.07%Â dan hanya ada 7 siswa mencapai KKM 70 atau 23.33%. Sebaliknya, pada siklus II nilai sebesar 81.87% telah memenuhi standar ketuntasan klasikal. Kriteria keberhasilan siswa dalam memerankan tokoh drama, artinya pembelajaran berbicara dalam bentuk memerankan tokoh drama melalui metodeÂ bermain peran pada siklus II telah berhasil atau dinyatakan memenuhi kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berbicara dalam bentuk memerankan tokoh drama melalui metode bermain peran (role play) pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 68 Seberang Ulu 1 Palembang.
STRATEGI KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA DI PENGADILAN (Penelitian Etnografi Komunikasi)
Authors: Masnunah Masnunah 
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to describe the language politeness strategy in the trial in the Special Class 1A District Court of Palembang which included positive and negative politeness strategies. This research is a qualitative research with ethnographic communication method. Data collection techniques and procedures used are observation, recording and transcripts. Data analysis is done by transcribing the recorded data into written form, then analyzed based on the problem formulation. Based on data analysis, language politeness in the trial is descriptively expressed through positive language politeness strategies including Notice strategy, attend to H, Intensify interest to H, Avoid disagreement, Presuppose / raise / assert, Joke, Assert or presuppose S's knowledge of and concern for H wants, Offer and promise, Include both S and H In the activity, and give (or ask for) reasons. Whereas through the negative language politeness strategy includes Be conventional conventional indirect, Be pessimistic, Minimize the imposition, give deference, Apologize, and State the FTA as a general rule that occurs naturally. The realization of the language politeness strategy that occurs shows that all speech participants in the trial understand their respective status and position so that the speeches delivered at the time of trial can maintain the face of each other's opponents when communication takes place.Â Keywordsâ€” Politeness Language Strategy, Court.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS PROSEDUR MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RESIPROKAL PADA MATA PELAJARAN B. INDONESIA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 RAMBUTAN BANYUASIN
Authors: Suyati Suyati 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan menulis teks prosedur menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif resiprokal pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Rambutan Banyuasin. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengolah karakteristik data yang berkaitan dengan jumlah rata â€“ rata, mencari persentase, dan menyajikan data yang menarik, dan mudah dibaca. Data berupa tes digolongkan sebagai data kuantitatif dan data yang berupa observasi digolongkan sebagai data kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data hasil belajar siswa yang diterapkannya menulis teks prosedur dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif resiprokal, pada siklus I jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar sebanyak 4 siswa dengan presentase 12,90%, sedangkan pada siklus II jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar sebanyak 30 siswa dengan presentase 96,77%. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keaktifanÂ dan kekreatifanÂ menuangkan ide-idenya dalam kegiatan pembelajaran menulis
Kajian Neurosis Tokoh dalam Novel Koma (Cinta Tanpa Titik) Karya Mercy Sitanggang
Authors: Aryani Rini 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan neurosisÂ tokoh yang terdapat dalam novel Koma (Cinta Tanpa Titik) karya Mercy Sitanggang.Â Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalahÂ novel Koma (Cinta Tanpa Titik) karya Mercy Sitanggang, yang berjumlah 256 halaman, menggunakan pendekatan psikologis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis konten. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan diketahui bahwa Novel Koma (Cinta Tanpa Titik) karya Mercy Sitanggang merupakan novel yang mencerminkan gejala kejiwaan, khusunya neurosis yang tercermin melalui ucapan, tindakan, dan perilaku tokoh-tokohnya. Secara Secara keseluruhan jumlah tokoh yang terdapat dalam novel Koma (Cinta Tanpa Titik) karya Mercy Sitanggang berjumlah 10 tokoh yang terdiri dari satu tokoh utama, yakni Bianca dan 9 tokoh pembantu, yakni: Vennya, Alex, Wayan, Mama Bianca, Jojo, Ramses, Irwanda, Carol, Ida. Dari sepuluh tokoh tersebut, setelah dianalisis hanya ditemukan tiga tokoh yang mengalami neurosis, yakni tokoh Bianca, Mama Bianca, dan Wayan.
The Triggers for Internationalization and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education of France
Authors: Debych Mariia 
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the internationalization strategies and the quality assurance systems of France and Université de Lorraine. It has been found out that the goals, proposed in the national and institutional internationalization strategies, include strengthening policies to improve the reception of international students, young researchers and staff.
It has been noted that Haut Conseil de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur and Université de Lorraine are partners in the project «Implementation of Education Quality Assurance System via Cooperation of University-Business-Government in Higher Education Institutions» (EDUQAS Project), aiming at improving education quality assurance systems through the development of efficient internal quality standards leading to graduates’ better employability in partner countries.
Haut Conseil de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur and Commission des Titres d’Ingénieur are authorized to conduct international accreditations of study programs. Université de Lorraine Délégation à l’Aide au Pilotage et à la Qualité promotes a culture of continuous improvement and organizational development based on the tools of quality management and process control.
It has been noted that participation in EDUQAS Project stimulates further development of QA systems at the national and institutional levels; wider participation of stakeholders in higher education quality enhancement and internationalization; higher education quality monitoring through stakeholders’ surveys; monitoring graduates’ career paths in partner countries.
The legislative basis, internationalization strategies and quality assurance institutions at the national and institutional levels, networks of stakeholders involved in internationalization and quality assurance processes, participation in the international projects have been identified to be triggers for internationalization and quality enhancement in higher education of France.