bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color Mother Nature Gone
Authors: Caputi Jane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Color is a living presence and natural symbol, experienced through the heart as well as the eyes. In the Anthropocene, a pervasive colorlessness reveals the diminishment and departure of the life force-source, which manifests in the glorification of whiteness signifying White supremacy as well as in the proliferation of artificial color signifying Man’s goal of copying and replacing of nature. Whiteness as the hallmark of modernity and the conquest of nature marked two industrial-age world fairs, one in Chicago and the other in Rio de Janeiro. The ecocidal drive to eliminate and replace nature is epitomized by the production of plastics and the accompanying synthetic rainbow of man-made color. The keystone symbol for the Anthropocene is the mechanical bride, or white-face fembot, meant to signify man’s defeat of nature, but actually a Sterility Goddess, signposting an apocalyptic departure of Mother Nature-Earth.
“Feed the Green”
Authors: Caputi Jane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This dream-inspired chapter seeks the spiritual meanings of green, the color announcing the living presence of nature. Multitudinous green beings appear in sacred, artistic, and popular traditions, and are all emblematic of Mother Nature-Earth. Familiar greenness signifies the continuous renewal of the energetic patterns that sustain life as we know it, patterns that must be fed or else they dissipate. A new strain of symbolic mutagenic green signposts the Man-made insults that result in the disruption of those ecological patterns. Humans, who have not been so doing, need to feed the green and practice ritual renewal of the patterns that sustain us, though all aspects of lifestyle, work, arts, and ceremony, both private and public.
Call (On) Your “Mutha’ ”
Authors: Caputi Jane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Throughout world oral traditions, literature, pop culture, and the visual arts, numerous stories, ancient and new, feature a solution to social and environmental crisis that takes shape in a calling and a calling upon the “Mutha’,” resulting in a return of a departed life force-source and a renewal of the world. Examples come from Hopi, Greek, and Japanese traditions, as well as contemporary culture. A call to the mother particularly characterizes Afrofuturism, including the poetry of June Jordan, the art of John Thomas Biggers, Kevin Sampson, and Wangechi Mutu, the novels of Octavia Butler, and the musical compositions and poetry of Nicole Mitchell. These stories offer wisdom and direction for spiritual-political activism to bring about a world other than the Anthropocene.
Coda
Authors: Caputi Jane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This coda is inspired by a dream in which an elemental being advises that those of us seeking to make life in the face of ecological, political, and spiritual disaster “gather and vote.” Voting goes beyond casting a ballot at the polls as it derives from the same root as devotion and convocation. Undoing the Anthropocene requires devotion to the Earth “Mutha’ ” as well as recognition that life is a convocation, a coming together of all participating in the continuous process of making life. This is perhaps the most needful of knowledges in the Anthropocene. This knowing cannot be abstract but must be felt with the heart and put into practice—individual, communal, ritual. Consider it, then, our most profound civic birthright and responsibility to recognize the larger earth-community of which we are a part and to gather and vote, in the sense of invoking and expressing devotion, for Mother Nature-Earth.
A Troubled/Troubling History
Authors: Klapper Melissa R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ballet has been and continues to be among the least diverse of the performing arts. Until well into the twentieth century, most African American children who wanted to take ballet class were forced to go to segregated studios, which played significant roles in local communities. African Americans also faced very limited opportunities for ballet careers. There were important exceptions who served as role models, and the creation of the Dance Theatre of Harlem in 1969 helped challenge the racist assumptions that dancers of color could not master the ballet aesthetic. A number of prominent Native American ballerinas faced less discrimination. Recent diversity initiatives are slowly improving the situation in both recreational and professional ballet.
Yes, Boys Take Ballet Class Too
Authors: Klapper Melissa R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While it is true that girls have always outnumbered them, boys have always been present in ballet class, and their numbers have grown steadily over the twentieth century. Due to gendered associations of ballet with girls and women in the United States, boys in ballet class have faced questions about their masculinity and sexuality. The impact of second-wave feminism on ideas about gender roles made ballet a more socially acceptable activity for boys. There have also been a number of strategies from within the ballet world to appeal to more boys, including offering free tuition, emphasizing the athleticism of ballet, and stressing the greater professional opportunities for male dancers.
Diplomates of Dance
Authors: Klapper Melissa R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Early dance programs and departments at colleges and universities tended to focus on modern dance rather than ballet, but ballet has been more central to dance in higher education since the 1960s. Many college dance programs started in physical education departments, signaling the early twentieth-century concern with women’s bodies and appropriate physical activity for women, but they eventually moved into performing arts divisions. This change reflected the shift from a more holistic approach to an emphasis on performance. Dance programs in higher education today are more likely to focus on producing professionals than on training dance teachers or educating those who see dance as a liberal art. As a result, a small but growing number of professional ballet dancers have graduated from college, which was rare until very recently. There is also a growing field of dance studies with roots in history, philosophy, art, and culture as well as performance.
Think Pink
Authors: Klapper Melissa R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ballet has come to be an important part of girl culture, in part because so many girls in the United States take ballet at some point in their lives. Consumer products like dolls and music boxes have brought ballet into girls’ homes and reinforce a problematic link between ballet and femininity, though real girls who take ballet class are often quite thoughtful about the way ballet empowers them. Books for children, both non-fiction and fiction, have been important examples of the intersection between ballet and girl culture since the early twentieth century. Children’s ballet books deal with artistic expression, physical challenges, competition, gender, sexuality, racial and ethnic diversity, class barriers, and many other elements of real girls’ experiences with ballet class.
Origins of the Chalumeau
Authors: Rice Albert R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 describes the basic construction of the chalumeau and discusses its ancestors in Egyptian antiquity and from the tenth through the 17th centuries; the mock trumpet; chalumeaux during the 17th and 18th centuries; Jacob Denner’s chalumeaux and clarinets revealed in archival sources and three surviving two-key clarinets; an organ pipe that sounds like a chalumeau; chalumeau players; chalumeau descriptions from the mid-18th century; later documented chalumeau makers; and chalumeau reproductions. Ten surviving chalumeaux are described in detail and biographical information is presented on seven makers. Individual players are identified when playing specific musical works, and the chalumeau size as required in the music. Late-19th- and early-20th-century reproductions of chalumeaux and their makers are identified.
The Earliest Clarinets
Authors: Rice Albert R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The makers, design, construction, and origin of the Baroque clarinet are discussed in this chapter. Two tables list chronologically all extant two- and three-key clarinets by country, and include maker, and city when known, maker’s dates, date of clarinet, number of clarinets, nominal pitch, and collection. There are 36 two-key and 22 three-key clarinets, made in Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Czech Republic, France, Sweden, and Finland. The earliest documentation for the invention of the clarinet is reviewed, and how and why Johann Christoph Denner improved the chalumeau and invented the clarinet is proposed, on the basis of previous studies of mechanical inventions. Biographies are provided for each clarinet maker when information was found.
Baroque Clarinet in Society
Authors: Rice Albert R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The evidence for the acceptance and use of the Baroque clarinet in 18th-century society is discussed: in iconographical representations (engravings, paintings, etchings, mezzotints, stucco); by traveling musicians (August Freudenfeld, Francis Rosenberg, Mr. Charles); in court and aristocratic music (Stuttgart, Rastaat, Koblenz, Merseburg, Berleburg, Gotha, Karlsruhe, Mainz, Rudolstadt, Cologne, Paris, Olmütz, Darmstadt, Würzburg, Zweibrücken); in church and civic music (Nuremberg, Venice, Antwerp, Kremsmünster, Greiz, Kempten, London, Frankfurt, Salzburg, Schlosshof, Marienberg); and military music (Rastatt, London, New York, Paris, Stockholm, Salzburg). Newspaper advertisements include clarinet concerts; archival documents indicate the dates of clarinetists in court and monastery orchestras, and clarinets purchased by aristocrats and courts.
Introduction
Authors: Garvey Stephen P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Introduction distinguishes justice and legitimacy as distinct metrics by which to evaluate the rules of the substantive criminal law. It also distinguishes anarchists, who believe no state can or does possess authority (understood as the power to impose moral obligations), and for whom justice is the only metric by which to evaluate the rules of the substantive criminal law, from statists, who believe democratic states can possess authority, and for whom legitimacy is another metric by which the rules of the substantive criminal law can be evaluated. The Introduction introduces the concepts of actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind) as limitations, embodied in immunity rights, against the exercise of the otherwise legitimate authority of a democratic state to define rules ascribing culpability when someone is charged with committing a crime. It concludes with a roadmap briefly describing the plan of the book.
Authority
Authors: Garvey Stephen P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Opening with the case of United States v. Campbell, a case from the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit involving a real estate broker charged with money laundering, this chapter offers two stories. The first, involving a fictional king named Rex, illustrates the extent to which criminal law theorists (and citizens more generally) disagree about what justice requires across a range of rules governing the imposition of state punishment. In light of such disagreement, how is Rex to decide what, as a matter of justice, the criminal law should be? The second story, involving an imaginary island named Anarchia, illustrates how state authority provides an important good—authoritatively resolving reasonable disagreements among free and equal democratic citizens about the requirements of justice—and explains why those subject to a democratic state’s authority are morally bound to conform their conduct to the law resolving those disagreements. It then argues that a democratic state’s authority to resolve disagegreements among its citizens over the demands of justice is nonetheless limited authority. A democratic state has wide authority, but not unlimited authority. The actus reus and mens rea requirements limit the authority of a democratic state to ascribe guilt.
Ignorance
Authors: Garvey Stephen P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter begins Lambert v. California, a 1957 U.S. Supreme Court case involving a woman charged with a crime she didn’t realize she was committing. Lambert violated a Los Angles ordinance making it a crime for convicted felons to remain in the city for more than five days without registering with the police, but she was unaware of her duty to register. It describes in more detail what the actus reus and mens rea requirements entail when applied to a defendant who didn’t realize she was committing a crime. As a preface to that effort it discusses and criticizes the maxim that ignorance of the law is no excuse. It then introduces a test, in relation to actus reus, for determining if a defendant who didn’t realize she was committing a crime could have realized she was (the Lex test) and then compares the actus reus requirement to the existing defense of insanity. It thereafter turns to a discussion of the mens rea requirement as applied to ignorant defendants, analyzing some hard cases, and then concludes with a discussion of tracing.
The Chemical Philosophy of Robert Boyle
Authors: Banchetti-Robino Marina Paola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This book examines the way in which Robert Boyle seeks to accommodate his complex chemical philosophy within the framework of a mechanistic theory of matter. More specifically, the book proposes that Boyle regards chemical qualities as properties that emerge from the mechanistic structure of chymical atoms. Within Boyle’s chemical ontology, chymical atoms are structured concretions of particles that Boyle regards as chemically elementary entities, that is, as chemical wholes that resist experimental analysis. Although this interpretation of Boyle’s chemical philosophy has already been suggested by other Boyle scholars, the present book provides a sustained philosophical argument to demonstrate that, for Boyle, chemical properties are dispositional, relational, emergent, and supervenient properties. This argument is strengthened by a detailed mereological analysis of Boylean chymical atoms that establishes the kind of theory of wholes and parts that is most consistent with his emergentist conception of chemical properties. The emergentist position that is being attributed to Boyle supports his view that chemical reactions resist direct explanation in terms of the mechanistic properties of fundamental particles, as well as his position regarding the scientific autonomy of chemistry from mechanics and physics.
Reassurance
Authors: Zhang Feng , Lebow Richard Ned 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Reassurance seeks to alleviate causes of competition and conflict and induce accommodation and cooperation by reducing fear, mistrust, misunderstanding, and miscalculation between adversaries. This chapter identifies six forms of reassurance and assesses their value for managing Sino-American conflict: reciprocity, irrevocable commitment, self-restraint, norms of competition, limited security regimes, and trade-offs. All of them are useful for conflict management in four major areas of tension in the relationship: Taiwan, North Korea, Asian maritime tensions and disputes, and the US alliance system in Asia. This analysis of China’s response to the US alliance system suggests an additional form of reassurance: authority sharing.
Introduction
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor social creatures like us, enjoying lasting, stable, and secure relationships is neither a luxury nor a triviality: it is quintessential to leading a minimally good life. Our sociability is both intrinsically valuable and indispensable to the fulfilment of other important interests. This introduction briefly describes the nature of our core social needs and the social human rights to which they give rise. It maintains that human rights should be minimalistic, but such minimalism must prioritize social rights such as the human right against social deprivation. The duties that such rights generate apply to both governments and individuals, making the ethics of sociability a matter of both social justice and personal morality.
Social Beings
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter explains what follows normatively from the fact that we are fundamentally social creatures. The chapter distinguishes our contingent social desires from our non-contingent, morally urgent social needs. The chapter appeals to empirical, phenomenological, and respect-based arguments to show that we have four core social needs for (1) basic social abilities, (2) adequate social opportunities, (3) access to persistent, stable social connections, and (4) the means to contribute directly to other people’s survival and well-being. These needs both to access and to contribute socially are encapsulated in our fundamental need to belong. After addressing worries about the normative standing of our core social needs, the chapter defends the belongingness hypothesis which gives rise to robust social rights.
Interactional Freedom
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSometimes, solitude is blissful. Other times, we long for company. These truisms reflect two powerful interactional needs. First, we need interactional freedom to control whether and how we interact with strangers. Second, we need to be socially included. Which need should prevail when they conflict? A popular reply is that interactional freedom takes priority. But this view is mistaken. Although interactions are more fleeting than associations, they are nonetheless key sites of social inclusion. When someone makes an interactional bid, she does not merely express herself, but looks for a response. Ignoring her can be not just rude, but an assault on her humanity. A person who badly needs interactions has a right to be aided, and the duty to ensure she is aided (though not necessarily to interact with her ourselves) falls on everyone who can reasonably take note of her need. Hence, we have at most a conditional right to reject people’s bids when their basic interactional needs are met.
Dilemmas of Sociability
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAssociational freedom can conflict with positive social rights. This chapter resolves this conflict by investigating a familiar problem: What if everyone did that? The dilemma is that associative and dissociative choices that can make each of us better off individually can make all of us worse off individually and collectively if everyone makes the same choice. I will be better off if I shun this person or group, but all of us will be worse off if this person or group is wholly isolated. The chapter explores both negative dilemmas that arise when we withdraw our social resources and positive dilemmas that arise when we seek to connect. Interestingly, positive social attitudes such as love do not create each-we dilemmas because love is multiplied, not depleted, when it is expended and received. Through the examination of each-we dilemmas, the chapter identifies a Kantian reason to conclude that we lack a general moral permission to associate as we please.
Associational Freedom
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ethics of sociability shows that many liberal beliefs about associational freedom are untenable. Importantly, our moral permission to associate or dissociate does not always hinge on consent or burdensomeness. Moreover, our permission to dissociate is limited even when the state takes up its responsibility to administer well-functioning social institutions, because social resources are special: they are not only fundamentally important, but also necessarily rest within individual people. Furthermore, although we have a claim-right against interference with many of our poor associational choices, our freedom of association is nonetheless content-sensitive and process-sensitive. This chapter examines several kinds of voluntary and non-voluntary relationships of dubious moral standing that are not protected by freedom of association. The chapter notes that our freedom to dissociate is indeed content-insensitive, but it too can be overridden by the duty to associate.
Segregation
Authors: Brownlee Kimberley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis final chapter explores ways that we segregate people whom we deem to be socially threatening. One powerful but non-obvious way that we segregate is at the level of personal identity through our use of essentialist language such as ‘offender’, ‘perpetrator’, ‘alien’, ‘stranger’, and ‘patient’, which reduces people’s lives to a (perceived) threatening feature. We also segregate in concrete ways through institutions such as prisons, hospitals, and immigrations centres, which tend to undermine people’s social abilities, opportunities, and connections. The status of social rights is particularly precarious within the criminal justice system. Many people in prison lack privacy, struggle to maintain stable connections, endure periods of isolation, receive criminal sentences they can never spend, have their outside social bonds stretched or severed, and lack support to reintegrate, all of which runs counter to social human rights. Some social rights are too fundamental to be forfeitable, and their infringement must not be taken lightly.
Instrumental Rationality
Authors: Brunero John 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rationality requires that we intend the means we believe are necessary for achieving our ends. This book explores several interrelated issues regarding the formulation and status of this requirement of means–ends coherence. I argue that means–ends coherence is a genuine requirement of rationality, and cannot be explained away as a myth, confused with a disjunction of requirements to have, or not have, specific attitudes. But nor, I argue, is means–ends coherence strongly normative in that we always ought to be means–ends coherent. Why is this requirement in place? One popular strategy looks to the connection between intention and belief, and aims to explain means–ends coherence by appealing to the requirements of theoretical rationality. I argue that this strategy is unpromising. I instead propose that we look to the constitutive aim of intention. Just as belief has a constitutive aim (truth) that can explain some of the theoretical requirements of consistency and coherence governing beliefs, intention has a constitutive aim (what I call “controlled action”) that can explain some of the requirements of consistency and coherence governing intentions. In particular, I argue that we can understand means–ends coherence by understanding the constitutive aims of both of the attitudes governed by the requirement, intention and belief. In being means–ends incoherent, you are setting yourself up to fail, assuring that you either have a false instrumental belief or your intention won’t issue in action.
Capitalist Development
Authors: Harrison Graham 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chapter constructs a theory of capitalist development based on a distinction between capital-ascendant and capital-dominant countries. It makes this analytical separation by distinguishing real, actual, and empirical levels in a political economy. The real level identifies the essential underlying processes in developing and developed countries. These distinct ‘realities’ generate different kinds of actual and empirical phenomena that can be observed in differential rates of growth, poverty, productivity, life expectancy, or literacy. Across all of these observable phenomena, a general real distinction between ascendant and dominant pertains. The chapter makes this argument using critical realist and Marxist political economy. It then finishes with a review of critical development theory and its historical methods in order to identify the chapter’s own framework and its merits.