bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential cuckoo hosts have similar egg rejection rates to parasitized host species
Authors: Yi Tingting , Sun Yue-Hua , Liang Wei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Thrush species are rarely parasitized by cuckoos, but many have a strong egg recognition ability. To date, there is a limited understanding of the relationship between host egg rejection and cuckoo parasitism rate.

Methods
By using egg experiments in the field, we compared egg rejection between two non-parasitized potential host species and two parasitized hosts of cuckoos in the same region.

Results
The White-bellied Redstart (Luscinia phoenicuroides), a host of the Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), rejected 66.6% of blue model eggs; the Elliot’s Laughingthrush (Trochalopteron elliotii), a host of the Large Hawk Cuckoo (Hierococcyx sparverioides), rejected 25% of blue model eggs and 46.1% of white model eggs; and the Chestnut Thrush (Turdus rubrocanus) and the Chinese Thrush (T. mupinensis), in which cuckoo parasitism has not been recorded, rejected 41.1 and 83.3% of blue model eggs, respectively. There were no significant differences in the egg rejection among them, although the Chinese Thrush showed the highest rate of egg rejection.

Conclusions
This study indicates that the egg recognition ability of cuckoo hosts has no correlation with the actual parasitism rate of cuckoos. We suggest that the egg recognition ability of the two potential host species may have been retained from a parasitic history with the cuckoo, while the two common host species have developed their egg rejection abilities due to current parasitism pressure. In addition, our study highlights the importance of the multi-cuckoo parasite system for better understanding the selection pressure of parasitism on the evolution of host egg recognition abilities.
Triterpene saponins from Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn as a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Patil Vishal Shivalingappa , Khatib Nayeem A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn, Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy, and Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle is widely utilized in traditional folk medicine against diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome but lacks the evidence of compound-protein interaction for the treatment.

Methods
Phytocompounds were retrieved from herbs databases and public repositories. Probable protein targets were predicted using BindingDB (p ≥ 0.7). The pathways modulated by compounds were analyzed using the STRING and KEGG pathways. The compound-protein-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape v3.6.1. Druglikeness was predicted by Molsoft. Docking was performed by AutoDock vina by PyRx 0.8v.

Results
Among three plants, eleven triterpene saponins from B. acutangula showed druggable characteristics and identified to inhibit the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1/HSD11B1) as a key protein target and also inhibit/modulate other 27 protein molecules involved in the 3 major pathways i.e. Metabolic syndrome, cGMP-PKG signaling, and insulin resistance pathways and also these compounds showed interactions with the active site amino acid residues of 11β-HSD1. Among eleven compounds Barringtogenol B scored the highest binding affinity by forming a hydrogen bond with Ile218 active site residue of 11β-HSD1.

Conclusion
Triterpene saponins contained in B. acutangula bark and seed inhibits 11Β-HSD1 and this multi-compound contained enriched fraction could be the potent treatment regimen for T2DM, obesity, and MetS.
Local IGF Bioactivity Associates with High PAPP-A Activity in the Pericardial Cavity of Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Authors: Hjortebjerg Rikke , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Gude Mette Faurholdt , Irmukhamedov Akhmadjon , Riber Lars P , Frystyk Jan , De Mey Jo G R 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been suggested as a proatherogenic enzyme by its ability to locally increase insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity through proteolytic cleavage of IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4). Recently, stanniocalcin-2 (STC2) was discovered as an inhibitor of PAPP-A. This study aimed to investigate IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 as local regulators of IGF bioactivity in the cardiac microenvironment by comparing levels in the pericardial fluid with those in the circulation of patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods
Plasma and pericardial fluid were obtained from 39 patients undergoing elective cardiothoracic surgery, hereof 15 patients with type 2 diabetes. Concentrations of IGF-I, intact and fragmented IGFBP-4, PAPP-A, and STC2 were determined by immunoassays and IGF bioactivity by a cell-based assay.

Results
In pericardial fluid, the concentrations of total IGF-I, intact IGFBP-4, and STC2 were 72 ± 10%, 91 ± 5%, and 40 ± 24% lower than in plasma, while PAPP-A was 15 times more concentrated. The levels of the 2 IGFBP-4 fragments generated by PAPP-A and reflecting PAPP-A activity were elevated by more than 25%. IGF bioactivity was 62 ± 81% higher in the pericardial fluid than plasma. Moreover, pericardial fluid levels of both IGFBP-4 fragments correlated with the concentration of PAPP-A and with the bioactivity of IGF. All protein levels were similar in pericardial fluid from nondiabetic and diabetic subjects.

Conclusions
PAPP-A increases IGF bioactivity by cleavage of IGFBP-4 in the pericardial cavity of cardiovascular disease patients. This study provides evidence for a distinct local activity of the IGF system, which may promote cardiac dysfunction and coronary atherosclerosis.
CDK4/6 Dependence of Cyclin D1–Driven Parathyroid Neoplasia in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Costa-Guda Jessica , Corrado Kristin , Bellizzi Justin , Romano Robert , Saria Elizabeth , Saucier Kirsten , Rose Madison , Shah Samip , Alander Cynthia , Mallya Sanjay , Arnold Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The protein product of the cyclin D1 oncogene functions by activating partner cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk)4 or cdk6 to phosphorylate, thereby inactivating, the retinoblastoma protein pRB. Nonclassical, cdk-independent, functions of cyclin D1 have been described but their role in cyclin D1-driven neoplasia, with attendant implications for recently approved cdk4/6 chemotherapeutic inhibitors, requires further examination. We investigated whether cyclin D1’s role in parathyroid tumorigenesis in vivo is effected primarily through kinase-dependent or kinase-independent mechanisms. Using a mouse model of cyclin D1–driven parathyroid tumorigenesis (PTH-D1), we generated new transgenic lines harboring a mutant cyclin D1 (KE) that is unable to activate its partner kinases. While this kinase-dead KE mutant effectively drove mammary tumorigenesis in an analogous model, parathyroid-overexpressed cyclin D1 KE mice did not develop the characteristic biochemical hyperparathyroidism or parathyroid hypercellularity of PTH-D1 mice. These results strongly suggest that in parathyroid cells, cyclin D1 drives tumorigenesis predominantly through cdk-dependent mechanisms, in marked contrast with the cdk-independence of cyclin D1–driven mouse mammary cancer. These findings highlight crucial tissue-specific mechanistic differences in cyclin D1–driven tumorigenesis, suggest that parathyroid/endocrine cells may be more tumorigenically vulnerable to acquired genetic perturbations in cdk-mediated proliferative control than other tissues, and carry important considerations for therapeutic intervention.
Data Augmentation using Adversarial Networks for Tea Diseases Detection
Authors: Yuwana R. Sandra , Fauziah Fani , Heryana Ana , Krisnandi Dikdik , Kusumo R. Budiarianto Suryo , Pardede Hilman F. 
Published: September 2020

Deep learning technology has a better result when trained using an abundant amount of data. However, collecting such data is expensive and time consuming. On the other hand, limited data often be the inevitable condition. To increase the number of data, data augmentation is usually implemented. By using it, the original data are transformed, by rotating, shifting, or both, to generate new data artificially. In this paper, generative adversarial networks (GAN) and deep convolutional GAN (DCGAN) are used for data augmentation. Both approaches are applied for diseases detection. The performance of the tea diseases detection on the augmented data is evaluated using various deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) including AlexNet, DenseNet, ResNet, and Xception. The experimental results indicate that the highest GAN accuracy is obtained by DenseNet architecture, which is 88.84%, baselines accuracy on the same architecture is 86.30%. The results of DCGAN accuracy on the use of the same architecture show a similar trend, which is 88.86%.
Factors Affecting Sleep Problems in Preschoolers
Authors: Wahyuningrum Eka , Yulianti Natalia Ratna , Gayatina Andri K. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Sleep problems are self-care deficits of sleep experienced by more than 44% of preschoolers. Some studies have showed that physical, psychological, family, environmental, and temperamental factors could cause sleep problems among children. However, other research showed that there is no correlation between sleep problems and environmental factors. There are pro-cons regarding the causes of sleep problems. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting sleep problems among preschoolers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 297 preschoolers selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaires (CSHQ) and analyzed using bivariate (Chi-Square and Fisher tests) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses. Results: Results of the bivariate analysis showed that some variables were related to sleep problems among preschoolers, including family income (p=0.027), the education level of the mother (p<0.001), and bed-sharing (p=0.003). Multivariate analysis found that factors related to sleep problems were bed-sharing (p=0.031; OR=2.377), gadget use in two hours before sleep (p=0.039; OR= 2.703), and the education level of the mother (p=0.007; OR=2.244).Conclusion: Factors related to sleep problems in preschoolers were bed-sharing, gadget use in two hours before sleep, the education level of the mother, and family income. This study recommends that environmental and family factors should be modified by limiting bed-sharing and reducing the use of gadgets before bedtime.
Peer Conformity Affects Smoking Behavior among Male Adolescents in a High School in Padang, Indonesia
Authors: Mahathir Mahathir , Vitamaharanie Prilya , Hermalinda Hermalinda 
Published: September 2020

Background: Peers contribute to the development of adolescents’ behavior during the transition period. Adolescents often justify their behavior with peers to confirm social norms of their surroundings. The increasing number of male adolescent smokers is raising public awareness to become acquainted with the cause of the behavior. Peer conformity is expected to be one of the vital variables to circulate smoking behavior. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the correlation between peer conformity and smoking behavior among male adolescents in a high school in Padang, Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive-analytical research design with a cross-sectional approach was used in this study. The samples were 154 male adolescents recruited by proportional random sampling. The data were collected using the questionnaires and analyzed using the Fisher exact test. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between peer conformity and smoking behavior among male adolescents (p=0.000). Peer conformity contributed to the development of smoking behavior among adolescents in this study.Conclusion: Peer conformity was evident to have a significant correlation with smoking behavior among male adolescents. Increasing assertiveness and life skill ability might be a necessity to adapt to negative behavior among adolescents.
Effects of Mindfulness on Stimulating Hope and Recovery among People with Schizophrenia
Authors: Astuti Halimah Wenny Yulina , Agustin Murti , Sari Sri Padma , Wijayanti Diyan Yuli , Sarjana Widodo , Locsin Rozzano C. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Hope has an essential role in the recovery journey for people with schizophrenia. Current studies showed that people with schizophrenia reported having low hope. There is growing evidence that mindfulness has favorable effects on mental health in populations with chronic illness, including people with schizophrenia. However, the studies evaluating effects of mindfulness on hope and recovery for people with schizophrenia are limited.Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of mindfulness on hope and recovery among people with schizophrenia.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 54 patients with schizophrenia based on purposive sampling in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia. The respondents were divided into two groups with 27 patients each in the intervention and the control group. The intervention group received 2-session mindfulness, while the control group received standard care. The data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9), and Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), and analyzed using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: After mindfulness therapy, the intervention group showed a higher mean score of hope than the control group (14.30±2.50 and 9.04±2.15, respectively) as well as in the mean of recovery (86.78±4.00 and 73.56±6.04, respectively). There were significant differences in hope and recovery levels between the two groups with p-value <0.001.Conclusion: This study showed that mindfulness is an effective strategy to stimulate hope and recovery among people with schizophrenia. Nurses can apply mindfulness as one of the nursing interventions for helping the recovery process among this population.
Multiple solutions for critical Choquard-Kirchhoff type equations
Authors: Liang Sihua , Pucci Patrizia , Zhang Binlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, we investigate multiplicity results for Choquard-Kirchhoff type equations, with Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev critical exponents,−a+b∫RN|∇u|2dxΔu=αk(x)|u|q−2u+β∫RN|u(y)|2μ∗|x−y|μdy|u|2μ∗−2u,x∈RN,$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle -\left(a + b\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^N} |\nabla u|^2 dx\right){\it\Delta} u = \alpha k(x)|u|^{q-2}u + \beta\left(\,\,\displaystyle\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^N}\frac{|u(y)|^{2^*_{\mu}}}{|x-y|^{\mu}}dy\right)|u|^{2^*_{\mu}-2}u, \quad x \in \mathbb{R}^N, \end{array}$$wherea> 0,b≥ 0, 0 <μ<N,N≥ 3,αandβare positive real parameters,2μ∗=(2N−μ)/(N−2)$\begin{array}{} 2^*_{\mu} = (2N-\mu)/(N-2) \end{array}$is the critical exponent in the sense of Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality,k∈Lr(ℝN), withr= 2∗/(2∗−q) if 1 <q< 2*andr= ∞ ifq≥ 2∗. According to the different range ofq, we discuss the multiplicity of solutions to the above equation, using variational methods under suitable conditions. In order to overcome the lack of compactness, we appeal to the concentration compactness principle in the Choquard-type setting.
Variational formulations of steady rotational equatorial waves
Authors: Chu Jifeng , Escher Joachim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
When the vorticity is monotone with depth, we present a variational formulation for steady periodic water waves of the equatorial flow in the f-plane approximation, and show that the governing equations for this motion can be obtained by studying variations of a suitable energy functional 𝓗 in terms of the stream function and the thermocline. We also compute the second variation of the constrained energy functional, which is related to the linear stability of steady water waves.
Aproximaciones históricas a la constitución social del género. Una mirada a la escuela
Authors: Mallarino Flórez Claudia 
Published: September 2020

La modernidad posee formas singulares de discursividad somática que han constituido regímenes de saber/poder sobre el cuerpo generizado, socialmente situadas e históricamente determinadas. Las narrativas producidas socialmente frente a asuntos como la identidad, la sexualidad, los roles y el lugar de las feminidades y las masculinidades en las prácticas corporales, llevan a re-pensar algunas supuestas verdades con relación a la constitución social del género, en la comprensión de que tales significaciones no son universales o fijas, por el contrario, emergen en consonancia con los lugares, los tiempos y las circunstancias corporales en las que son producidas, pues acontecen en el cuerpo.
Corporeidade e performatividade: relações e fricções
Authors: Bianchi Paloma 
Published: September 2020

As noções de corporeidade e performidade ocupam, na atualidade, um lugar relevante nas pesquisas contemporâneas de teatro, dança e performance. Não obstante, pouco se tem pesquisado sobre a relação existente entre elas, o que faz que suas diferenças e similitudes não sejam discutidas, de forma mais ampla, no âmbito das artes do corpo. Devido à complexidade inerente tanto na noção de corporeidade quanto na noção de performidade, este artigo não pretende esgotar as discussões emergentes quando estas noções são colocadas em relação e fricção. Pretende-se aqui apresentar alguns indícios que permitam uma aproximação entre estes temas, tendo como perspectiva um processo de criação do coletivo Mapas e Hipertextos, coletivo de pesquisa e criação em artes presenciais, com sede na cidade de Florianópolis, Brasil.
Efecto de un programa basado en entrenamiento funcional sobre la capacidad de velocidad de practicantes de patinaje entre 9-11 años de edad
Authors: Barrera Izquierdo Rubiel Antonio , Ramírez-Villada Jhon Fredy 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo.Determinar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento funcional sobre la velocidad de carrera de deportistas de patinaje entre 9 - 11 años. Métodos. 30 jóvenes atletas fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo de entrenamiento basado en movimientos naturales centrados en la fuerza GE(n=15) y un grupo control GC(n=15). El GE participó en un programa basado en entrenamiento funcional durante 12 semanas, con una frecuencia de 3 días, y una duración por sesión de 2 horas. Fueron registradas las variables morfológicas (peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, IMC), de fuerza explosiva (tiempo de vuelo, altura, velocidad de despegue y potencia), velocidad dinámica y estática (200 metros y 50 metros) en dos momentos diferentes (pre/post-test). Resultados.No se registraron diferencias significativas (p≤ 0,05 y 0.01) en las variables morfológicas, excepto para el perímetro de la pierna. Diferencias significativas (p≤ 0,05 y 0.01) fueron registradas para las variables tiempo de vuelo, altura y velocidad en los gestos salto vertical (SJ), salto con contra movimiento (CMJ) y salto con contra movimiento y oscilación de brazos (CMJas), así como para la velocidad dinámica y estática en 50 y 200 metros. Conclusión.Los resultados sugieren que 12 semanas de entrenamiento funcional con movimiento naturales centrados en la fuerza muscular mejora la expresión de fuerza explosiva e induce cambios en la condición física (pruebas estática y dinámica) de patinadores.
ROHINGYA’S IN SEARCH FOR SECURITY: AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN SECURITY CONCEPT THROUGH ROHINGYA’ LENS
Authors: Mardila Riana 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. It is now 48 years from the declaration of 1982 Burma Citizenship Law. A law that legally denied the citizenship of (Muslim) Rohingya in Myanmar. It means also that for 48 years (Muslim) Rohingya remains stateless. Their fight over citizenship then becomes a global, or at least a regional challenge in International Relations sphere. In one aspect, their attempt in finding asylum to other countries at some point threaten the (arrival) state’ security. However, in another side, they also fight for their (human) security or even so (human)rights. Both securities are equally important. This article is more an introduction to the Human Security concept that was first initiated in 1994. It starts with a simple question on “how does Human Security explain the issue of Rohingya?” It seeks for key points that Human Security can explain by reflecting on Rohingya as the case study. It aims to give a bigger picture of this conflict interpreted by Human Security concept. Finally, as we are living in the globalization era, this issue is not only a state or regional challenge, but also a global challenge where IR actors can take responsibilities in helping and solving this human insecurity issue. Keywords: Rohingya; Human Security. Abstrak. Telah berlangsung 48 tahun sejak deklarasi Undang-undang Kewarganegaraan Burma 1982. Sebuah undang-undang yang secara hukum menolak kewarganegaraan (Muslim) Rohingya di Myanmar. Itu juga berarti bahwa selama 48 tahun (Muslim) Rohingya tetap tanpa kewarganegaraan. Perjuangan mereka atas kewarganegaraan kemudian menjadi tantangan global, atau setidaknya tantangan regional dalam ranah Hubungan Internasional. Di satu aspek, upaya mereka untuk mencari suaka ke negara lain pada titik tertentu mengancam keamanan (kedatangan) negara. Namun di sisi lain, mereka juga memperjuangkan keamanan (manusia) atau bahkan lebih (hak asasi manusia). Kedua sekuritas itu sama pentingnya. Artikel ini lebih merupakan pengenalan tentang konsep Keamanan Manusia yang pertama kali dimulai pada tahun 1994. Artikel ini dimulai dengan pertanyaan sederhana tentang "bagaimana Keamanan Manusia menjelaskan masalah Rohingya?" Ini mencari poin-poin penting yang dapat dijelaskan oleh Human Security dengan merefleksikan Rohingya sebagai studi kasus. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih besar tentang konflik yang ditafsirkan oleh konsep Human Security. Terakhir, saat kita hidup di era globalisasi, masalah ini tidak hanya menjadi tantangan negara atau regional, tetapi juga tantangan global di mana para aktor IR dapat mengambil tanggung jawab dalam membantu dan menyelesaikan masalah ketidakamanan manusia ini.Kata Kunci. Rohingya; Keamanan Manusia.