bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition and antifeedant activity of some aromatic plants against pine weevil (Hylobius abietis)
Authors: Azeem Muhammad , Iqbal Zafar , Emami S. Noushin , Nordlander Göran , Nordenhem Henrik , Mozūratis Raimondas , El‐Seedi Hesham R. , Borg‐Karlson Anna Karin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe pine weevil Hylobius abietis is an important pest causing severe damage to conifer seedlings in reforestation areas in Europe and Asia. Plants that have no evolutionary history with the pine weevil are of special interest in the search for compounds with a strong antifeedant activity. Thus, the essential oils of nine aromatic plants, viz Amomum subulatum, Cinnamomum tamala, Curcuma longa, Laurus nobilis, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Syzygium aromaticum and Trachyspermum ammi were extracted by hydrodistillation. The essential oil constituents were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and antifeedant properties towards the pine weevil were assessed using choice feeding bioassay. The essential oils of C. longa, O. majorana, S. aromaticum and T. ammi showed an excellent antifeedant activity towards the pine weevil for 24 hr, whereas the essential oil of other plants showed the activity for 6 hr. There was a positive correlation between the amount of benzenoid compounds and the antifeedant activity of the essential oils. This study suggests that pine weevil non‐host plant compounds have potential to be used for the protection of seedlings against pine weevil feeding. However, further study will be needed to explore the antifeedant activity of individual components and oils in the laboratory as well as in the field.
Food–oil volatility spillovers and the impact of distinct biofuel policies on price uncertainties on feedstock markets
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Saucedo Alberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver recent decades, the link between crude oil and agricultural markets has been reinforced following the introduction of biofuels. We use timely measures of (co)variation spillovers to analyze the role of crude oil in shaping price uncertainties of agricultural commodities, which are largely used as biofuel feedstocks. Our sectoral‐ and market‐specific measures distinguish tranquil (1995–2005) and crisis episodes (2006–2015), as well as periods during which either consumption mandates or tax credits were enacted to spur biofuels. During the crisis period, crude oil volatility transmissions account for 16% (20%) of price uncertainties in ethanol (biodiesel) feedstock markets on average. Moreover, we find evidence of enhanced volatility transmissions under tax credit regimes compared with consumption mandates. The results from pooled regressions confirm stronger volatility transmissions by about 12% under the enactment of tax credits.
‘I will walk out of here’: Qualitative analysis of older rehabilitation patients' perceptions of mobility
Authors: Kozica‐Olenski Samantha , McRae Prue , Bew Paul , Mudge Alison 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo understand the motivation of older rehabilitation inpatients for mobilisation, and identify barriers and enablers to greater mobilisation.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with older rehabilitation inpatients. All interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic and inductive techniques.ResultsFrom 23 interviews, we found that older patients strongly value mobilisation during rehabilitation admission, to get better and maintain identity, personhood and meaningful connections. At the patient level, mobilisation was impacted by patient's confidence, family support and symptom management. At the organisational level, barriers to mobilisation included lack of timely staff support, inflexible routines, limited social opportunities, lack of physical resources, and poor communication.ConclusionsRecognising and understanding motivators, enablers and barriers to mobilising during subacute hospitalisation of older patients is an essential step towards developing and implementing successful strategies to promote greater mobilisation. Addressing mobilisation barriers requires a multifaceted approach at the patient and organisational level.
Does the FSHB c.‐211G>T polymorphism impact Sertoli cell number and the spermatogenic potential in infertile patients?
Authors: Schubert Maria , Kaldewey Sophie , Pérez Lanuza Lina , Krenz Henrike , Dugas Martin , Berres Sven , Kliesch Sabine , Wistuba Joachim , Gromoll Jörg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundA genetic variant within the FSHB gene can deviate FSH action on spermatogenesis. The c.‐211G>T FSHB single nucleotide polymorphism impacts FSHB transcription and biosynthesis due to interference with the LHX3 transcription factor binding. This SNP was previously shown to be strongly associated with lowered testicular volume, reduced sperm counts, and decreased FSH levels in patients carrying one or two T‐alleles.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the SNP FSHB c.‐211G>T on Sertoli cell (SC) number, Sertoli cell workload (SCWL) and thereby spermatogenic potential.Material and methodsTesticular biopsies of 31 azoospermic, homozygous T patients (26 non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA), and five obstructive azoospermia (OA)) were matched to patients with GG genotype. Marker proteins for SC (SOX9), spermatogonia (MAGE A4), and round spermatids (CREM) were used for semi‐automatical quantification by immunofluorescence. SCWL (number of germ cells served by one SC) was determined and an unbiased clustering on the patient groups performed.ResultsQuantification of SC number in NOA patients did not yield significant differences when stratified by FSHB genotype. SC numbers are also not significantly different between FSHB genotypes for the OA patient group and between NOA and OA groups. SCWL in the NOA patient cohort is significantly reduced when compared to the OA control patients; however, in neither group an effect of the genotype could be observed. The cluster analysis of the whole study cohort yielded two groups only, namely NOA and OA, and no clustering according to the FSHB genotype.Discussion and conclusionThe FSHB c.‐211G>T polymorphism does not affect SC numbers or SCWL, thereby in principle maintaining the spermatogenic potential. The previously observed clinical phenotype for the FSHB genotype might therefore be caused by a hypo‐stimulated spermatogenesis and not due to a decreased SC number.
Not for the Profit, But for the Training? Gender Differences in Training in the For‐Profit and Non‐Profit Sectors
Authors: Dostie Benoit , Javdani Mohsen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we use Canadian‐linked employer–employee data to examine gender differences in receiving firm‐sponsored training. We find that women in the for‐profit sector are less likely to receive classroom training and receive fewer classroom training courses. However, we find the opposite in the non‐profit sector, where women are more likely to receive both classroom and on‐the‐job training, and also receive more classroom training courses. We show that women's worse training opportunities in the for‐profit sector mainly operate within workplaces. We find no evidence that gender gaps in training in the for‐profit sector are driven by lower probabilities of accepting training offers, child or family commitments, weaker labour market attachment or worker self‐selection. We also find that gender differences in expected changes in wages and training opportunities between the two sectors can explain a large portion of women's higher probability of employment in the non‐profit sector. Finally, decomposition results suggest that part of the gender wage gap in the for‐profit sector, which is twice as large as in the non‐profit sector, can be explained by gender differences in training.
Variations in subjective definitions of everyday situations as intergroup contact
Authors: Keil Tina F. , Koschate Miriam 
Published: February 2020

Intergroup contact encompasses a wide range of contact situations. Yet, how ‘contact’ is conceptualized by those involved has rarely been examined. We argue that understanding the range of subjective definitions of contact is important for intergroup contact measurement and wider impact work. In Study 1, 17 participants completed a 3‐day diary and a semi‐structured interview about their experiences of contact with other nationalities. We examined the threshold at which encounters are subjectively defined as intergroup contact. Results showed that subjective definitions of intergroup contact were disparate and diverse, particularly when contact was fleeting or online. In Study 2, we asked a British sample (N = 498) to rate the extent to which 67 different contact scenarios with non‐British people represented ‘intergroup contact’. Findings show that contact situations which diverge from positive, verbal, face‐to‐face encounters, such as negative contact or online contact, were less likely to be understood as contact, with strong variation in ratings. The extent to which situations were seen as contact was positively correlated with the amount of self‐reported intergroup contact. Together, these findings demonstrate the need to recognize and account for the variability in subjective definitions of contact, which ultimately shape self‐reports of intergroup contact.
Is empirical treatment a reasonable strategy for laryngopharyngeal reflux? A contemporary review
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Bock Jonathan M. , Carroll Thomas L. , Akst Lee M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis and treatment of presumed laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) remain controversial. Empiric medication trials remain widespread for suspected LPR despite emerging evidence against proton pump inhibitor (PPI) safety and for pepsin as a mediator of LPR symptoms. Ongoing concerns exist related to inaccurate diagnosis, the cost and morbidity of potentially unnecessary PPI prescriptions, and availability and interpretation of objective reflux testing.ObjectivesTo review contemporary evidence that does and does not support empiric medication trials for presumed LPR.MethodsPubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched for literature about benefits, limitations and alternatives to empiric medication trial for LPR, in order to present both sides of this debate and identify best practices.ResultsThe majority of physicians perform prolonged empiric medication trial with PPIs for patients with suspected LPR. Because symptoms and signs of LPR are non‐specific, empiric medication trials require exclusion of other conditions that can mimic LPR. Following a PPI empiric medication trial, over one‐third of patients remain non‐responders. The use of hypopharyngeal‐oesophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring (HEMII‐pH) has benefits and limitations in objective diagnosis of LPR.ConclusionsUse of PPIs for single‐agent empiric medication trial does not account for possible non‐responders with non‐acid or mixed LPR. If LPR diagnosis remains uncertain, alginates can be added to PPI trials. HEMII‐pH testing upfront is ideal for patients with suspected LPR, but not always practical; it is indicated when PPI and alginate empiric medication trials have failed or when comorbidities confuse the diagnosis. A more comprehensive, combination therapy empiric medication trial regimen may be needed.
Changing prevalence of aetiological factors and comorbidities among Australians hospitalised for cirrhosis
Authors: Valery Patricia C. , McPhail Steven , Stuart Katherine A. , Hartel Gunter , Clark Paul J. , O'Beirne James , Skoien Richard , Rahman Tony , Moser Chris , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of hospital admissions for cirrhosis increased 1.3‐fold during 2008–2016 in Queensland. Alcohol misuse was a contributing factor for cirrhosis in 55% of admissions and 40% of patients had at least one comorbidity.AimsTo examine the temporal change in aetiology of liver disease and presence of comorbidity in patients admitted with cirrhosis.MethodsPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study of all people treated in hospital for cirrhosis (10 254 patients) in Queensland during 2008–2016. Data were sourced from Queensland Hospital Admitted Patient Data Collection.ResultsThe commonest aetiology was alcohol (49.5%), followed by cryptogenic (unspecified cirrhosis; 28.5%), hepatitis C virus (19.3%), non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (4.8%) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (4.3%). The prevalence of alcohol‐related (P = 0.41) and hepatitis C virus (P = 0.08) remained stable between 2008–2010 and 2014–2016, that of NAFLD/NASH, cryptogenic and HBV‐cirrhosis increased by 67% (P < 0.00001), 27% (P < 0.00001) and 20% (P = 0.00019), respectively; 41.1% of patients had at least one comorbidity. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes nearly doubled (from 13.7% to 25.4%; P < 0.00001) between 2008–2010 and 2014–2016.ConclusionsAlcohol misuse was the most important aetiology. The importance of NAFLD/NASH, cryptogenic and HBV‐cirrhosis and the burden of comorbidity increased during 2008–2016. Ongoing alcohol misuse and the increasing prevalence of NAFLD/NASH, cryptogenic cirrhosis and comorbid type 2 diabetes among admissions for cirrhosis has implications for public health interventions to reduce the burden of unhealthy lifestyle and metabolic disorders.
“I don’t care anymore if she wants to cry through the whole conversation, because it needs to be addressed”: Adult siblings’ experiences of the dynamics of future care planning for brothers and sisters with a developmental disability
Authors: Leane Máire 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn families with a member with a developmental disability (DD), future care planning is limited (Brennan et al., Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31, 2018, 226; Bowey and McGlaughlin, British Journal of Social Work, 31, 2007, 39; Davys et al., Journal of Intellectual Disability, 14, 2010, 167; Davys et al., British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43, 2014, 219; Davys et al., Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29, 2016, 220). However, most siblings without disabilities (SWD) expect to be involved in the future care of their brother or sister with DD (Benderix and Sivberg, International Paediatric Nursing, 22, 2007, 410; Gomez de la Cuesta and Cos, We exist too: Valuing the contributions of siblings, UK, National Autistic Society, 2012; Heller and Arnold, Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7, 2010, 16).Materials and MethodsBased on qualitative interviews with 25 SWD in Ireland, this article explores how SWD experience future planning.Results and DiscussionThe findings indicate that SWD experience care planning as an ongoing, fluid and emotionally charged process. Parental fears, about future care landscapes they do not control and about passing on intergenerational care responsibilities, emerge as key factors inhibiting planning.ConclusionAttention to the highly emotive nature of care concerns, and to the tentative pace of planning that is comfortable for families, will help professionals provide optimum planning support.
A new endangered species of Megaleporinus (Characiformes: Anostomidae) from the Rio de Contas basin, eastern Brazil
Authors: Birindelli José L. O. , Britski Heraldo A. , Ramirez Jorge L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new species of Megaleporinus is described from the Rio de Contas, a coastal drainage of eastern Brazil, and its phylogenetic relationships are studied using molecular data. The new species is unique among Anostomidae by possessing two exclusive features: an irregular dark longitudinal stripe from supracleithrum to second midlateral blotch and anterior cranial fontanel partially closed. In addition, the new species is diagnosed by having three premaxillary teeth, three dentary teeth, 37 or 38 scales in lateral line, 16 scale rows around caudal peduncle, three dark midlateral blotches on body, and red fins in life. The new species is closely related to M. obtusidens from the São Francisco basin, corroborating previous studies that indicated that the latter represents a species complex as currently defined. The new species exhibits the first rib enlarged in mature males, a feature described for some congeners. The new species is herein considered to be Endangered under the IUCN criteria.
Mapping of uplift hazard due to rising groundwater level during floods
Authors: Julínek Tomáš , Duchan David , Říha Jaromír 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEuropean Directive 2007/60/EC only briefly mentions the problem of hazard arising due to groundwater flooding, and techniques for the mapping of hazard occuring due to rising groundwater have not yet been scientifically developed. The groundwater‐related threats that occur during floods may include concentrated leakage of groundwater behind levees, heave, or potential uplift of the topsoil layer at the protected area. The hazard corresponding to rising groundwater level depends on a number of factors related to the flood course, groundwater regime, geology, and topology of the protected area. The limit state approach is applied to the assessment and mapping of hazard induced by rising groundwater level in the area behind flood protection barriers, and the contributing factors are discussed, quantified, and incorporated into the limit state condition for topsoil layer uplift (UPL). An over‐design factor is expressed as a function of the spatial co‐ordinates (x, y). Data from geological and hydrogeological surveys and groundwater flow modelling are used to evaluate individual terms in the limit state condition. Uncertainties in the input data are expressed via partial factors. Data collection and their geographic information systems analysis completed with hydraulic modelling are crucial techniques in the hazard mapping of potential UPL during floods. The article includes a case study featuring a flood protection scheme for a shopping centre in the city of Brno, Czech Republic.
Dopaminergic afferents from midbrain to dorsolateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis inhibit release and expression of corticotropin‐releasing hormone in paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Di Tingting , Wang Ya , Zhang Yajie , Sha Sha , Zeng Yanying , Chen Ling 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) are known to regulate the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis but have no direct projections to the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. This study investigated whether VTA DAergic afferents modulate glutamatergic transmission‐dependent GABAergic neurons in dorsolateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis (dlBNST) to affect the activity of the HPA‐axis. Herein, we demonstrate that systemic administration of the neurotoxicant 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or the VTA‐injection of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) in male mice (MPTP‐mice and MPP+mice) caused a decline of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) cells in VTA with a reduction in TH+fibers in the dlBNST. MPTP‐mice and MPP+mice displayed a clear increase in serum levels of corticosterone (CORT) and adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) expression, and CRH neuron activity in PVN. The presynaptic glutamate release, glutamatergic synaptic transmission and induction of long‐term potentiation in dlBNST of MPTP‐mice were suppressed, and these effects were rescued by a D1‐like DAergic receptor (D1R) agonist and mimicked in control dlBNST by blockade of D1R. MPTP‐mice exhibited low expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase and dysfunction of the excitatory‐dependent GABAergic circuit in dlBNST, and these effects were recovered by the administration of D1R agonist. Furthermore, either dlBNST‐injection of D1R agonist or PVN‐injection of GABAA receptor (GABAAR) agonist could correct the increased secretion and expression of CRH in MPTP‐mice. The results indicate that the DAergic afferents from VTA enhance excitatory‐dependent activation of GABAergic neurons in dlBNST, which suppress the activity of the HPA‐axis.
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KIF1A‐related disorders in children: A wide spectrum of central and peripheral nervous system involvement
Authors: Nemani Tarishi , Steel Dora , Kaliakatsos Marios , DeVile Catherine , Ververi Athina , Scott Richard , Getov Spas , Sudhakar Sniya , Male Alison , Mankad Kshitij ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Muntoni Francesco , Reilly Mary M , Kurian Manju A , Carr Lucinda , Munot Pinki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKIF1A‐related disorders (KRD) were first described in 2011 and the phenotypic spectrum has subsequently expanded to encompass a range of central and peripheral nervous system involvement. Here we present a case series demonstrating the range of clinical, neurophysiological, and radiological features which may occur in childhood‐onset KRD. We report on all the children and young people seen at a single large tertiary centre. Data were collected through a retrospective case‐notes review. Twelve individuals from 10 families were identified. Eight different mutations were present, including four novel mutations. Two patients displayed a very severe phenotype including congenital contractures, severe spasticity and/or dystonia, dysautonomia, severe sensorimotor polyneuropathy and optic atrophy, significant white matter changes on brain MRI, respiratory insufficiency, and complete lack of neurodevelopmental progress. The remaining 10 patients represented a spectrum of severity with common features including a movement disorder with spasticity and/or dystonia, subtle features of dysautonomia, sensory axonal neuropathy, varying degrees of optic atrophy and of learning and/or behavioural difficulties, and subtle or absent—but sometimes progressive—changes in white matter on MRI. Epilepsy was common among the more severely affected children. This case series demonstrates that KRD comprise a range of neurological disorders, with both the milder and the more severe forms combining central and peripheral (including autonomic) nervous system deficits.
Functional correlations of axial muscle fiber type proportions in the waterfall‐climbing Hawaiian stream fish Sicyopterus stimpsoni
Authors: Blob Richard W. , Baumann Travis , Diamond Kelly M. , Young Vanessa K H. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAssessing the factors that contribute to successful locomotor performance can provide critical insight into how animals survive in challenging habitats. Locomotion is powered by muscles, so that differences in the relative proportions of red (slow‐oxidative) vs. white (fast‐glycolytic) fibers can have significant implications for locomotor performance. We compared the relative proportions of axial red muscle fibers between groups of juveniles of the amphidromous gobiid fish, Sicyopterus stimpsoni, from the Hawaiian Islands. Juveniles of this species migrate from the ocean into freshwater streams, navigating through a gauntlet of predators that require rapid escape responses, before reaching waterfalls which must be climbed (using a slow, inching behavior) to reach adult breeding habitats. We found that fish from Kaua'i have a smaller proportion of red fibers in their tail muscles than fish from Hawai'i, matching expectations based on the longer pre‐waterfall stream reaches of Kaua'i that could increase exposure to predators, making reduction of red muscle and increases in white muscle advantageous. However, no difference in red muscle proportions was identified between fish that were either successful or unsuccessful in scaling model waterfalls during laboratory climbing trials, suggesting that proportions of red muscle are near a localized fitness peak among Hawaiian individuals.