bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological responses to gravity in an insect
Authors: Harrison Jon F. , Adjerid Khaled , Kassi Anelia , Klok C. Jaco , VandenBrooks John M. , Duell Meghan E. , Campbell Jacob B. , Talal Stav , Abdo Christopher D. , Fezzaa Kamel , Pendar Hodjat , Socha John J. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
While it has long been known that vertebrates rely on compensatory responses to gravity with changing body orientation, this topic has not been previously studied in invertebrates. Here, we use synchrotron X-ray imaging and radio-tracing to demonstrate that body orientation has dramatic effects on hemolymph and air distribution in grasshoppers, and that grasshoppers exhibit similar physiological responses to gravity as vertebrates. Our findings suggest that gravity-driven cardiovascular responses may be ancient and widely shared among animals, opening the door for invertebrates as model systems for investigation of cellular and systemic mechanisms of gravity responses. Furthermore, future physiological studies of arthropods should control for body position.
Doing business and constructing identities through small talk in workplace instant messaging
Authors: Mak Bernie Chun Nam 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper describes how bilingual colleagues living in Hong Kong make small talk in instant messaging to achieve
various business-oriented goals and construct multiple identities in the discursive process. Guided by James Paul Gee’s revised
framework of discourse analysis, the analyses evidenced that, overall, colleagues use small talk in instant messages to maintain
minimal ties with distant partners, fill in silence during computer work, affect informal decision-making at work, and to diffuse
useful surrounding information into business talk. These instances interplay with different affordances provided by the gadgets in
the instant messenger interfaces. Such creative usage, together with the perceived nature of online interaction and instant
messaging, results in multiple and turbulent identities circulating in the broader context of workplace discourse. The article
concludes by arguing that computer-mediated communication has offered participants an emerging modus of interacting socially,
beyond the physical and psychological constraints of time and space.
How can CDA unravel power relations in media representations of conflict in the Middle East?
Authors: Bazzi Samia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study attempts to show the role of translation in giving meaning to conflicts whether by reproducing the
dominant political beliefs of a particular media society or by resisting counter-ideologies that come from foreign sources of
information. It utilizes Critical Discourse Analysis as an effective method for the analysis of power relations behind news
reporting. The research uses a corpus from international media and their equivalent texts into Arabic between 2013 and 2017. The
data covers events on conflicts in Syria, Iraq, Bahrain and Yemen, each article reporting issues about conflict and its impact on
arenas of struggle. Through this case study of transediting, I will explore how textual analysis can unravel power relations and
hegemonic orders of discourse. The study shows that translation is a site of conflict and has much to say about reasons for
conflict and the complex relationship between language and power. The proposed tools of analysis in this study are based on
functional language analysis and will show how language structuring, in particular transitivity analysis, articulates the logic
created by the media outlet regarding reasons for conflict. The case study concludes that different media structure the current
wars in the Middle East in different chains of causal dependence that can impact the reading positions of the readers.
Iterative image reconstruction in transcranial photoacoustic tomography based on the elastic wave equation
Authors: Poudel Joemini , Na Shuai , Wang Lihong V , Anastasio Mark A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is an emerging computed imaging modality that exploits optical contrast and ultrasonic detection principles to form images of the photoacoustically induced initial pressure distribution within tissue. The PACT reconstruction problem corresponds to a time-domain inverse source problem, where the initial pressure distribution is recovered from the measurements recorded on an aperture outside the support of the source. A major challenge in transcranial PACT of the brain is to compensate for aberrations and attenuation in the measured data due to the propagation of the photoacoustic wavefields through the skull. To properly account for these effects, a wave equation-based inversion method can be employed that can model the heterogeneous elastic properties of the medium. In this study, an optimization-based image reconstruction method for 3D transcranial PACT is developed based on the elastic wave equation. To accomplish this, a forward-adjoint operator pair based on a finite-difference time-domain discretization of the 3D elastic wave equation is utilized to compute penalized least squares estimates of the initial pressure distribution. Computer-simulation and experimental studies are conducted to investigate the robustness of the reconstruction method to model mismatch and its ability to effectively resolve cortical and superficial brain structures.
Investigation of the behavior of effective charge of Aditya tokamak plasmas
Authors: Chowdhuri M B , Manchanda R , Ghosh J , Jadeja K A , Patel Kaushal M , Kumar Vinay , Patel Ketan M , Atrey P K , Joisa Y Shankara , Bhatt S B , Tanna R L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effective charge, Z
eff, of the plasmas of the Aditya tokamak has been analyzed to understand its behavior. It has been measured through the monitoring of the visible bremsstruhlang continuum emission around 523.4 nm from the plasma using an optical fiber, interference filter and photo multiplier tube based visible spectroscopic system. It has been found that the values of Z
eff fall in the range of 1.7–4.0 and decrease with increasing plasma electron density, n
e and the incremental value of Z
eff is inversely proportional to n
e
2. The value of Z
eff reduces in the range of 1.7–2.5 in the discharges produced after the Li coating compare to the values of 2.0–3.5 range in the discharges before the Li coating in the Aditya tokamak. Details analysis on the contribution to Z
eff from various impurities suggests that reduction of Z
eff after Li coating is not only due to decrease of oxygen concentration, but also other impurities, such as iron, inside the plasma.
Focus on the role of forests and soils in meeting climate change mitigation goals: summary
Authors: Moomaw William R , Law Beverly E , Goetz Scott J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It is clear that reducing greenhouse gas emissions alone is insufficient to avoid large global temperature increases. To avoid atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases that result in dangerous alterations of the climate, large reductions in carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion and land use changes must be accompanied by an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration. Natural Climate Solutions have become a major focus of climate policy. Land and ocean ecosystems remove and store atmospheric carbon, and forests play a major role. This focus collection includes papers that address three important aspects of the role for forests in meeting climate change mitigation goals: (i) Carbon Accounting of forest sinks and reservoirs, process emissions and carbon storage in forest products, (ii) the carbon dioxide dynamics of using Forest Bioenergy and (iii) the carbon cycle of Tropical Forests.
Composite binders from mining waste
Authors: Khudyakova L I , Kotova I Yu , Timofeeva S S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The possibility of obtaining composite binders with the addition of mining waste represented by magnesium silicate rocks is considered. They are low active in their natural state. Mechanical activation of raw mixtures was used during carrying out of research works. It was found that with increasing mechanical activation time from 1 minute to 20 minutes, the specific surface of the raw mix increases, the chemical activity of the surface layer increases. It helps to accelerate the solid-phase reactions with the formation of silicates such as diopside, monticellite, mervinite. The optimal time of mechanical activation was determined, at which the largest amount of mixed calcium, magnesium and iron hydrosilicates was noted in the hydrated system. The formation of these products of hydration causes high physical and mechanical indicators of binding compositions. It was found out that during 15 minutes of grinding the raw mix, the flexural and compressive strength of binding compositions at the age of 28 days of normal-humidity hardening reaches a maximum value. The use of mining waste in the production of building materials allows us to obtain new types of products. At the same time, environmental problems associated with the placement of technogenic raw materials are solved.
Analysis of the roller bit lubrication system
Authors: Shevchenko A N , Krasnoshtanov S Yu , Ruuz M V , Perfilyev V A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The results of most studies conducted in the field of improving the reliability and performance of roller drill bits indicate the main cause of their failure, which is the failure of the bearing unit. We believe that work on improving the reliability and performance of roller bits lies in the modernization of existing or the development of fundamentally new lubrication systems for roller bits.
Engineering geology as s basis for environmental management and protection of the geological environment
Authors: Verhozin I I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Modern engineering Geology, as a science that studies the geological environment, is of great importance for the justification of environmental management. Nature management involves the regulation of human activities to engage in the consumption of natural resources: land, forests, minerals, water and other objects. Nature management is contradictory: creating and consuming, it often violates the natural balance and causes the development of man-made geological processes and phenomena that change, destroy and pollute the geological environment. These changes lead to the depletion or even to the complete degradation of the existing biocenoses in a particular territory, deterioration of the quality of the environment. All this has a negative impact on the quality of life. Therefore, any activity in the field of environmental management, ecology and protection of the geological environment should be based on the study of specific engineering-geological conditions of a territory, and therefore be based on the laws and basic provisions of engineering Geology
Localized electrochemical redox reactions in yttria-stabilized zirconia single crystals
Authors: Rodenbücher Christian , Szot Kristof , Wrana Dominik , Jany Benedykt R , Krok Franciszek , Korte Carsten 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Herein, electroreduction in yttria-stabilized zirconia are investigated by means of Hebb-Wagner polarization experiments. By performing optical and thermal microscopy on single crystals and thin films during the application of an electric field under vacuum or oxygen-tight sealed conditions, the movement of the reduction front from the cathode to the anode, which causes a blackening of the material, is monitored. When performing electrocoloration experiments on thin film samples, the progressing reaction of the blackened region was found to be inhomogeneous and evolves as a dendrite-like finger structure. The progression of the blackening fingers follow preferentially the electric field lines and thus are influenced by distortions in the field that can be caused by metallic particles embedded in the oxide. In contrast to this, in the first stage of the reduction process no significant influence of mechanically-induced dislocations on the morphology or kinetics on the electroreduction can be found. Only after a heavy electroreduction was a localized transformation of the surface region observed. There is an evolution of highly oxygen deficient ZrOx regions, which have a characteristic checked topography pattern at the microscale level.
Insights on the cycling behavior of a highly-prelithiated silicon–graphite electrode in lithium-ion cells
Authors: Rodrigues Marco-Tulio F , Gilbert James A , Kalaga Kaushik , Abraham Daniel P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nanosized silicon materials are being developed for use in the anodes of high-energy lithium-ion batteries. However, the high surface areas of these materials increase the rate of parasitic reactions in the electrode, which consume cyclable Li+ and degrade battery performance. Prelithiation offers a realistic strategy to compensate for this reactivity, by injecting additional charge into the cell to counterbalance the Li+ loss. Interestingly, the benefits offered by prelithiation extend beyond its more obvious purpose. Here, by using a reference electrode in NMC532//Si–Gr cells, we show how prelithiation alters the cycling potentials experienced by the Si-containing anode and how that translates into gains in cycle life. The rate of consumption of the prelithiated charge is lower than that expected from the behavior of non-prelithiated cells. Curiously, the Si particles become partially unresponsive during the C/3 cycling apparently because of kinetic constraints. Electrochemical studies on harvested electrodes in half-cells show that capacities are intact after the long-term cycling and that most of the lithium reservoir is still present in the anode. We conclude that the high capacity retention displayed by the prelithiated cells mainly results from a higher participation of graphite particles during the extended electrochemical cycling.
Saving the Vicuña: The Political, Biophysical, and Cultural History of Wild Animal Conservation in Peru, 1964–2000
Authors: Wakild Emily 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article examines national efforts to protect wildlife in the twentieth century. Its focus is the vicuña, a small llama-like species native to the Andes, which nearly went extinct due to the high economic value of its wool. Instead, the Peruvian national government—despite significant regime shifts—intervened to put in place and then perpetuate a series of conservation measures, including trade restrictions and a territorial reserve, that protected the population and allowed it to rebound. Using a combination of cultural, economic, political, and biological methods to understand the animals and people concerned about them, this article argues that conservation reoriented relationships among people and wild animals. Cultural affinities led to ethical claims about the animal’s value as well as utilitarian arguments about its potential economic worth for community and economic development. Moreover, the vicuña themselves shaped both the landscapes and the conservation programs with their biological habits. Saving the vicuña proved to be a complex social process that challenged facile assumptions about past environmental actions of politically volatile, economically marginalized, and socially divided nations.
EP3: an ensemble predictor that accurately identifies type III secreted effectors
Authors: Li Jing , Wei Leyi , Guo Fei , Zou Quan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Type III secretion systems (T3SS) can be found in many pathogenic bacteria, such as Dysentery bacillus, Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholera and pathogenic Escherichia coli. The routes of infection of these bacteria include the T3SS transferring a large number of type III secreted effectors (T3SE) into host cells, thereby blocking or adjusting the communication channels of the host cells. Therefore, the accurate identification of T3SEs is the precondition for the further study of pathogenic bacteria. In this article, a new T3SEs ensemble predictor was developed, which can accurately distinguish T3SEs from any unknown protein. In the course of the experiment, methods and models are strictly trained and tested. Compared with other methods, EP3 demonstrates better performance, including the absence of overfitting, strong robustness and powerful predictive ability. EP3 (an ensemble predictor that accurately identifies T3SEs) is designed to simplify the user’s (especially nonprofessional users) access to T3SEs for further investigation, which will have a significant impact on understanding the progression of pathogenic bacterial infections. Based on the integrated model that we proposed, a web server had been established to distinguish T3SEs from non-T3SEs, where have EP3_1 and EP3_2. The users can choose the model according to the species of the samples to be tested. Our related tools and data can be accessed through the link http://lab.malab.cn/∼lijing/EP3.html.
Regularized Bayesian transfer learning for population-level etiological distributions
Authors: Datta Abhirup , Fiksel Jacob , Amouzou Agbessi , Zeger Scott L 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Computer-coded verbal autopsy (CCVA) algorithms predict cause of death from high-dimensional family questionnaire data (verbal autopsy) of a deceased individual, which are then aggregated to generate national and regional estimates of cause-specific mortality fractions. These estimates may be inaccurate if CCVA is trained on non-local training data different from the local population of interest. This problem is a special case of transfer learning, i.e., improving classification within a target domain (e.g., a particular population) with the classifier trained in a source-domain. Most transfer learning approaches concern individual-level (e.g., a person’s) classification. Social and health scientists such as epidemiologists are often more interested with understanding etiological distributions at the population-level. The sample sizes of their data sets are typically orders of magnitude smaller than those used for common transfer learning applications like image classification, document identification, etc. We present a parsimonious hierarchical Bayesian transfer learning framework to directly estimate population-level class probabilities in a target domain, using any baseline classifier trained on source-domain, and a small labeled target-domain dataset. To address small sample sizes, we introduce a novel shrinkage prior for the transfer error rates guaranteeing that, in absence of any labeled target-domain data or when the baseline classifier is perfectly accurate, our transfer learning agrees with direct aggregation of predictions from the baseline classifier, thereby subsuming the default practice as a special case. We then extend our approach to use an ensemble of baseline classifiers producing an unified estimate. Theoretical and empirical results demonstrate how the ensemble model favors the most accurate baseline classifier. We present data analyses demonstrating the utility of our approach.
Endogenous Selection Bias and Cumulative Inequality over the Life Course: Evidence from Educational Inequality in Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Kratz Fabian , Patzina Alexander 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
According to theories of cumulative (dis-)advantage, inequality increases over the life course. Labour market research has seized this argument to explain the increasing economic inequality as people age. However, evidence for cumulative (dis-)advantage in subjective well-being remains ambiguous, and a prominent study from the United States has reported contradictory results. Here, we reconcile research on inequality in subjective well-being with theories of cumulative (dis-)advantage. We argue that the age-specific endogenous selection of the (survey) population results in decreasing inequalities in subjective well-being means whereas individual-level changes show a pattern of cumulative (dis-)advantage. Using repeated cross-sectional data from the European Social Survey (N = 15,252) and employing hierarchical age-period-cohort models, we replicate the finding of decreasing inequality from the United States with the same research design for Germany. Using panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (persons = 47,683, person-years = 360,306) and employing growth curve models, we show that this pattern of decreasing inequality in subjective well-being means is accompanied by increasing inequality in intra-individual subjective well-being changes. This pattern arises because disadvantaged groups, such as the low educated and individuals with low subjective well-being show lower probabilities of continuing to participate in a survey and because both determinants reinforce each other. In addition to allowing individual changes and attrition processes to be examined, the employed multi-cohort panel data have further key advantages for examining inequality in subjective well-being over the life course: They require weaker assumptions to control for period and cohort effects and make it possible to control for interviewer effects that may influence the results.
The reduction of source effect for reliable estimation of geomagnetic transfer functions
Authors: Ernst Tomasz , Nowożyński Krzysztof , Jóźwiak Waldemar 
Published: January 2020

SUMMERY
We have analysed the literature suggestions regarding possible changes in vertical magnetic transfer function (VTF) over time. We have shown that for periods above 1500 s the observed changes in VTF are caused by the source effect and we proposed how to reduce this negative impact. For calculations we used 1-min recordings of geomagnetic variations registered between 2002 and 2017 in various geomagnetic observatories. In data processing we used frequency-domain Egbert's algorithm and our original algorithm based on the method of least squares in the time domain for some comparisons and tests. We have shown that for periods over 1500 s the VTFs calculated separately from summer and winter data are different. However, our analysis shows that the variability of the VTF values obtained is misleading and results from time-changing presence of magnetic field variations that do not fulfill the assumption of plane wave (there is a vertical component in the incident magnetic field). These variations are much more numerous in summer than in winter. More detailed analysis has shown also that they are usually small at night and big during the day. The vertical components of these variations constitute an error correlated with input signals (horizontal components), which alters the values of the determined VTF. Furthermore, error bars do not take this effect into account. It makes it impossible to improve the accuracy of calculations by increasing the amount of data. Analysing the estimated external parts of vertical components from the Central European observatories we noticed a great similarity of these signals even if the induction components were clearly different, which indicates that this is a regional effect. On this basis, we proposed a procedure to improve the accuracy of VTF determination by means of pre-selection of data.