bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of in vitro alpha-glucosidase inhibitory, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sphaerica, isolated from Helianthus annuus
Authors: Supaphon Preuttiporn , Preedanon Sita 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate alpha-glucosidase inhibition and antimicrobial activity as well as cytotoxic activity of extracts from the endophytic fungus, Nigrospora sp., isolated from leaves of Helianthus annuus, which is widely cultivated for food and used as a medicinal plant.

Methods
The fungus (TSU-CS003) was identified based on internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequences and fungal biomass, and fermentation broth was subjected to extraction by solvents (hexane and ethyl acetate). All extracts were tested for their antimicrobial activity, alpha-glucosidase inhibition, and cytotoxicity activity. In addition, the active extract was analyzed by using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

Results
TSU-CS003 was identified as Nigrospora sphaerica. The fermentation broth extract (BE) showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 16–32 μg/mL and a few yeasts with MIC values ranging from 64 to 128 μg/mL, especially Talaromyces marneffei with an MIC value of 4 μg/mL. The effects of BE were observed by SEM. The results showed that this extract affected the cell morphology of T. marneffei. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BE from alpha-glucosidase inhibition was recorded as 17.25 μg/mL and also showed significant cytotoxicity against A549 human cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 22.41 μg/mL. Furthermore, BE was analyzed by using GC-MS and divided into three main compounds, including 5-pentyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, (Z)-methyl 4-(isobutyryloxy)but-3-enoate, and 2-phenylacetic acid.

Conclusion
This was the first report of the endophytic fungus N. sphaerica from H. annuus. It is a potential source of active metabolites, which gave the strong antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity to A549 cancer cell lines.
Anticipating employment location patterns in economic regions: modeling complex dynamics
Authors: Kaufman Sanda , Kaufman Miron , Salling Mark 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Complex social-ecological systems—such as cities and regions—change in time whether or not we intervene through plans and policies. This is due in part to the numerous individual and organizational actors who make self-interested, unilateral decisions. Public decision makers are expected to act in the public interest and are accountable to constituents. They need the ability to explore alternatives, select ones that are likely to benefit the public, and avoid or mitigate negative outcomes. Predicting processes and outcomes in the context of complex systems is risky, however, and mistakes can be costly. Switching from prediction of specific future states to anticipation of possible ranges of futures may help contend with the uncertainties inherent in these systems. We propose here a dynamic network model for generating ranges of possible futures for employment location in an economic region. The model can be used to anticipate employment location effects of various policies. First, using historical (2002–2015) number and location of jobs in two rather different metropolitan areas, we calibrate the model for each and validate it against actual data. Having found that the model performs well, we show how policy makers can use it to ask what-if questions regarding proposed policies to either attract businesses to specific locations or discourage them from locating in parts of the region.
Pregnancy, thyroid, and the potential use of selenium
Authors: Hubalewska-Dydejczyk Alicja , Duntas Leonidas , Gilis-Januszewska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The management of pregnant women is a major concern of health care around the world. There is growing evidence regarding the influence of selenium (Se) on pregnancy and fetus outcomes. However, due to as yet insufficient evidence, lack of measurable markers to assess the effect of Se supplementation on the human metabolism, and Se’s narrow therapeutic index, the majority of experts and the current guidelines published by several scientific societies do not recommend the use of Se in pregnancy and in women of childbearing age. Further research based on well-designed studies, including assessment of the complex interactions between different micronutrients and individual response to different doses of Se, is needed.
Speed up random walk by leveraging community affiliation information
Authors: Yin Naian , Lu Yachao , Zhang Nan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLarge online networks are most massive and opulent data sources these days. The inherent growing demands of analyses related data fetching conflict greatly with network providers’ efforts to protect their digital assets as well as users’ increasing awareness of privacy. Restrictions on web interfaces of online networks prevent third party researchers from gathering sufficient data and further global images of these networks are also hidden. Under such circumstances, only techniques like random walk approaches that can run under local neighborhood access will be adopted to fulfill large online network sampling tasks. Meanwhile, the presence of highly clustered community like structure in large networks leads to random walk’s poor conductance, causing intolerable and hard-to-foresee long mixing time before useful samples can be collected. With lack of techniques incorporate online network topology features being the context, in this paper we focus on taking use of community affiliation information that possibly comes with metadata when querying objects in online networks, and proposed a speeded version of random walk by raising the probability of inter-community edges being selected. Assuming the community structure is well established as promised, the community speeded random walk expects better conductance and faster convergence. Our method forces the sampler to travel rapidly among different communities that conquers the bottlenecks and thus the samples being collected are of higher quality. We also consider the scenario when community affiliation is not directly available, where we apply feature selection algorithms to select features as community.
Seasonal ice-speed variations in 10 marine-terminating outlet glaciers along the coast of Prudhoe Land, northwestern Greenland
Authors: Sakakibara Daiki , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present a 3-year record of seasonal variations in ice speed and frontal ablation of 10 marine-terminating outlet glaciers along the coast of Prudhoe Land in northwestern Greenland. The glaciers showed seasonal speedup initiated between late May and early June, and terminated between late June and early July. Ice speed subsequently decreased from July to September. The timing of the speedup coincided with the onset of the air temperature rise to above freezing, suggesting an influence of meltwater availability on the glacier dynamics. No clear relationship was found between the speedup and the terminus position or the sea-ice/ice-mélange conditions. These results suggest that the meltwater input to the glacier bed triggered the summer speedup. The excess of summer speed (June–August) over the mean for the rest of the year accounted for 0.5–13% of the annual ice motion. Several glaciers showed seasonal frontal variations, i.e. retreat in summer and advance in winter. This was not due to ice-speed variations, but was driven by seasonal variations in frontal ablation. The results demonstrate the dominant effect of glacier surface melting on the seasonal speedup, and the importance of seasonal speed patterns on longer-term ice motion of marine-terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland.
Collective Economic Conceptualization of Cider and Wine Routes by Stakeholders
Authors: Cloutier L. Martin , Renard Laurent , Arcand Sébastien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe coherence and systemic strength of the collaborative process among thematic route stakeholders are key factors to economic success for individual businesses and regional economic development. The objective of this article is to identify the economic action set to rejuvenate the Cider Route and the Wine Route of the Montérégie region (Quebec, Canada). Group concept mapping is used to estimate the conceptualization and perceptions of stakeholders (cideries, wineries, tourism professionals, visitors) regarding the articulation of the action set. The contribution is threefold. Methodologically, the approach taken supports both the estimation of the concept map and associated perception measures. Empirically, eight action clusters are identified to articulate stakeholders’ “organizational” and “selling” dimensions of the routes. Practically, action priorities identified and feasibility constraints are helpful to target the capability development support needed by route stakeholders to collaborate. (JEL Classifications: D02, L23, L26, L66, Q18)
THE OTTOMANS DURING THE GLOBAL CRISES OF CHOLERA AND PLAGUE: THE VIEW FROM IRAQ AND THE GULF
Authors: Bolaños Isacar A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe cholera and plague pandemics of the 19th and early 20h centuries shaped Ottoman state-building and expansionist efforts in Iraq and the Gulf in significant ways. For Ottoman officials, these pandemics brought attention to the possible role of Qajar and British subjects in spreading cholera and plague, as well as the relationship between Iraq's ecology and recurring outbreaks. These developments paved the way for the expansion of Ottoman health institutions, such as quarantines, and the emergence of new conceptions of public health in the region. Specifically, quarantines proved instrumental not only to the delineation of the Ottoman–Qajar border, but also to defining an emerging Ottoman role in shaping Gulf affairs. Moreover, the Ottomans’ use of quarantines and simultaneous efforts to develop sanitary policies informed by local ecological realities signal a localized and ad hoc approach to disease prevention that has been overlooked. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that environmental factors operating on global and regional scales were just as important as geopolitical factors in shaping Ottoman rule in Iraq and the Gulf during the late Ottoman period.
MUSCULAR MUSLIMS: SCOUTING IN LATE COLONIAL ALGERIA BETWEEN NATIONALISM AND RELIGION
Authors: Krais Jakob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Islamic reformist movement in Algeria is often seen as a precursor to the independence movement, in which religion was supposedly integrated into nationalist identity politics. Focusing on the Muslim scout movements between the 1930s and 1950s, this article challenges this view by arguing that Islam continued to play a role beyond that of an identitarian marker. Influenced by Christian youth movements, the Muslim scouts developed ideas of a “muscular Islam” that remained central even after the movement split in two—one association close to the major nationalist party and another linked to the reformists.
Positive Externality of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004
Authors: Hu Xiaoli , Li Oliver Zhen , Li Yuehua , Pei Sha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractU.S. multinational enterprises repatriated over $300 billion under the 2004 tax holiday. The repatriated funds can improve debt financing environment of nonrepatriating firms, especially those that are financially constrained. We document that such an externality of the tax holiday increases debt financing and consequently investments for financially constrained nonrepatriating firms relative to less constrained nonrepatriating firms. Using private loan market data, we further confirm a link from repatriated funds to increased debt financing for financially constrained nonrepatriating firms. Overall, the 2004 tax holiday appears to have benefited the U.S. economy through its positive externality on the debt market.
Agreement syncretization and the loss of null subjects: quantificational models for Medieval French
Authors: Simonenko Alexandra , Crabbé Benoit , Prévost Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the nature of the dependency between the availability of null subjects and the “richness” of verbal subject agreement, known as Taraldsen's Generalisation (Adams, 1987; Rizzi, 1986; Roberts, 2014; Taraldsen, 1980). We present a corpus-based quantitative model of the syncretization of verbal subject agreement spanning the Medieval French period and evaluate two hypotheses relating agreement and null subjects: one relating the two as reflexes of the same grammatical property and a variational learning-based hypothesis whereby phonology-driven syncretization of agreement marking creates a learning bias against the null subject grammar. We show that only the latter approach has the potential to reconcile the intuition behind Taraldsen's Generalisation with the fact that it has proven nontrivial to formulate the notion of agreement richness in a way that would unequivocally predict whether a language has null subjects.
Toward fostering resilience on a large scale: Connecting communities of caregivers
Authors: Luthar Suniya S. , Kumar Nina L. , Benoit Renee 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn interventions for at-risk children, Tom Dishion strongly exhorted programs that are short term, cost-effective, and delivered in families’ own communities, just as resilience researchers underscore the need for programs that provide ongoing support for children's primary caregivers, and are implementable on a large scale. Presented here are preliminary results on a short-term intervention for mothers, the Authentic Connections Virtual Groups. A previous randomized trial of the in-person version of this program, conducted with mothers at high risk for stress and burnout, showed significant benefits. There had been zero dropouts across the 3-month program, and participants showed significant improvements on psychological indices as well as cortisol, even 3 months after the program ended. In the present study, virtual groups were conducted with five sets of women, all white-collar professionals with highly stressful, exacting careers, and most also primary caregivers of their children. Again, there were zero dropouts. Mean satisfaction ratings were 9.6 of 10, and the Net Promoter Score (promoters vs. detractors) fell in the “world class” range. To illuminate mechanisms of change, participants’ responses to open-ended questions on the groups’ value are presented verbatim. Recurrently mentioned were the development of new, authentic connections and invaluable ongoing support. These results, with the low costs and ease of women's attendance, attest to the value of expanding offerings such as these, toward benefiting even more highly stressed mothers themselves as well as the children for whose care they are responsible.
Radiotherapy in desmoid fibromatosis: a 10-year experience from a tertiary care centre
Authors: Varghese Sunitha S. , Sidhique Sharief , Prabhu Anne J. , Pavamani Simon P. , Antonysamy B. , Titus Vijay T. K. , Nayak Sukriya , Backianathan Selvamani 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAim of the study:To assess the relapse-free survival (RFS) and the factors influencing local recurrence in patients with desmoid fibromatosis (DF) treated at our centre and to determine the role of post-operative radiotherapy (RT) in improving local control.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 51 patients treated for DF from January 2004 to December 2013 was undertaken. The RFS was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier curve. Univariate analysis was done to assess correlation with tumour size, site, the extent of surgery, margin status and adjuvant RT with RFS.Results:The median age was 28 years with a male:female ratio of 1:3. The most common location of the tumour was anterior abdominal wall (47%). The median tumour size was 10 cm. Wide local excision was done in most patients. Complete resection with negative margin was achieved in eight patients. Post-operative RT was indicated for 43 patients of whom 19 received RT. At a median follow-up of 37 months, RFS in the complete resection with margin negative group was 100%. RFS for the patients with positive or close margins who received RT was 79% and for those who did not receive RT, it was 87%.Conclusions:Complete excision with negative margins gives the best local control in DF. The benefit of post-operative RT could not be ascertained.
Social bonding in diplomacy
Authors: Holmes Marcus , Wheeler Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is widely recognized among state leaders and diplomats that personal relations play an important role in international politics. Recent work at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, and sociology has highlighted the critical importance of face-to-face interactions in generating intention understanding and building trust. Yet, a key question remains as to why some leaders are able to ‘hit it off,’ generating a positive social bond, while other interactions ‘fall flat,’ or worse, are mired in negativity. To answer, we turn to micro-sociology – the study of everyday human interactions at the smallest scales – an approach that has theorized this question in other domains. Drawing directly from US sociologist Randall Collins, and related empirical studies on the determinants of social bonding, we develop a model of diplomatic social bonding that privileges interaction elements rather than the dispositional characteristics of the actors involved or the material environment in which the interaction takes place. We conclude with a discussion of how the study of interpersonal dyadic bonding interaction may move forward.
Fate of Weed Seeds after Impact Mill Processing in Midwestern and Mid-Atlantic United States
Authors: Shergill Lovreet S. , Bejleri Kreshnik , Davis Adam , Mirsky Steven B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) technology such as impact mills that destroy weed seeds in seed-bearing chaff material during grain crop harvest, has been highly effective in Australian cropping systems. However, the impact mill has never been tested in soybeans and weeds common to soybean production systems in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic US. We conducted stationary testing of Harrington Seed Destructor (HSD) impact mill and winter burial studies during 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 to determine (i) the efficacy of the impact mill to target weed seeds of seven common weeds in Midwestern and five in Mid-Atlantic US, and (ii) the fate of impact mill processed weed seeds after winter burial. The impact mill was highly effective in destroying seeds of all the species tested, with 93.5-99.8% weed seed destruction in 2015 and 85.6-100% in 2017. The weak relationships (positive or negative) between seed size and seed destruction by impact mill, and high percentage of weed seed destruction by impact mill across all seed sizes indicate that the biological or practical effect of seed size is limited. The impact mill-processed weed seeds that retained at least 50% of their original size, labeled as potentially viable seed (PVS), were buried for 90 d over winter to determine the fate of weed seeds after winter burial. At 90 d after burial (DAB), the impact mill processed PVS were significantly less viable than unprocessed control seeds, indicating that impact mill processing physically damaged the PVS and promoted seed mortality over winter. A very small fraction (< 0.4%) of the total weed seed processed by the impact mill remained viable after winter burial. The results presented here demonstrate that the impact mill is highly effective in increasing seed mortality and could potentially be used as a HWSC tactic for weed management in this region.
Modeling of Diffuse Aurora due to Precipitation of H+‐H and SEP Electrons in the Nighttime Atmosphere of Mars: Monte Carlo Simulation and MAVEN Observation
Authors: Haider S. A. , Masoom J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nighttime limb intensity of diffuse auroral emission of CO2+ (B2Σu+ ‐ X2πg) Ultraviolet Doublet (UVD) is observed in the northern hemisphere of Mars during 17–21 December 2014 from Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution. We have used hybrid model and four‐dimensional yield spectrum approach based on Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the ionization rate, limb intensity, and ion and electron densities of diffuse aurora due to precipitation of solar energetic particle and proton‐hydrogen (H+‐H) fluxes in the nighttime ionosphere of Mars. It is found that the production rates of atmospheric ions (CO2+, N2+, and O+) are dominant in the upper ionosphere at about 100–150 km due to impact of H+‐H. The solar energetic particle formed auroral ionosphere (CO2+, NO+, and O+) in the middle ionosphere between 50 and 100 km due to precipitation of monoenergetic electrons of energies 25 to 100 keV. The simulated limb intensities of CO2+UVD due to impact of H+‐H and auroral electrons are compared with Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph observations. Our model results are overestimating the observations, but 100 keV electrons deposited maximum energy around 75 km, closer to the observed altitude of the maximum emission. The densities of upper ionosphere (O2+, NO+, and CO2+) due to impact of H+‐H are smaller by one to two orders of magnitude than that produced by auroral electrons in the middle ionosphere.
Effects of Anticyclonic Eddies on the Multicore Structure of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water Based on Argo Observations
Authors: Liu Cong , Xu Lixiao , Xie Shang‐Ping , Li Peiliang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) often displays a “multicore structure” with more than one minimum in the vertical potential vorticity profile. Anticyclonic eddies (AEs) play an important role in STMW formation and transport, but their effect on the multicore structure of the STMW has not been fully studied. Here, we investigated the formation and evolution of STMW multicore structures in AEs using Argo profiles, which followed two AEs in the STMW formation region for approximately 1.5 years from 2013 to 2015. We found that after the two AEs formed east of 150°E, they trapped the local cold and dense STMW and migrated westward. Since sea surface temperatures increased toward the west, warmer and lighter STMWs were formed during the winter ventilation process as the two AEs moved westward. The newly formed STMW rode on the preexisting cold and dense STMW inside the eddy core, forming a multicore structure in the STMW. Given that water mass properties within AEs are much more conservative, the multicore structure of STMW is much more easily formed inside AEs than outside of eddies. There was a larger (smaller) proportion of profiles containing multiple STMW cores inside (outside) the AE cores, indicating that the AEs were “hot spots” for developing the multicore structure of STMW. The occurrence of the multicore structure of STMW in AEs was highest in spring (March–May) but decreased quickly as the season progressed.