bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological niche models improve home range estimations
Authors: Sillero N. , dos Santos R. , Teodoro A. C. , Carretero M. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHome ranges in animals can be estimated by different methods like minimum convex polygons, characteristic hulls or kernels while correlative ecological niche models (ENMs) are commonly employed for forecasting species' ranges. However, ENMs can also model the distribution of individuals if environmental very high spatial resolution data are available. Indeed, remote sensing (RS) can provide images with pixel sizes of few centimetres. Here, we modelled the distribution of individual lizards (Podarcis bocagei) combining aerial‐like photographs recorded with a compact camera and a matrix of temperature/humidity data‐loggers to obtain several environmental layers with very high spatial resolution. We recorded lizards’ positions in a 20 × 20 m mesocosm with a high precision GPS device (~10 cm of error), multiple times per day throughout the whole period of daily activity. We built an orthophoto map (pixels of 20 cm2) from camera pictures, a digital surface model, and a land‐cover supervised classification map. We recreated climate‐like variables by combining data‐logger data. For each individual, we calculated the distance to males and females, excluding the focal lizard. We computed individual realized niche models with Bioclim, GAM, GLM, Maxent and random forest. Models attained a very high evaluation score in most cases. The most contributing variables were related to microclimate (isothermality, minimum temperature and humidity) and distance to conspecifics. Our very high spatial resolution models provided robust information on how space is used by each lizard. Correlative models can identify the most suitable areas inside the home range, similar to core areas estimated from kernel algorithms, but allowed better statistical inference. Overall, RS tools generated high‐quality environmental data, and when combined with ENMs, improved the robustness of the predictions on spatial patterns of small terrestrial animals.
What affects the price movements in Bitcoin and Ethereum?
Authors: Sabalionis Arturas , Wang Wenbo , Park Hail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explain price movements in the two largest cryptocurrencies that represent the majority of cryptocurrency market capitalization—Bitcoin and Ethereum. A VAR‐GARCH‐BEKK model is estimated to analyze how Google search interest, number of tweets and active addresses on the blockchain impact prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum over time. We find solid evidence that the amount of active addresses is the most significant variable among others influencing price movements in Bitcoin and Ethereum. Based on spillover effects and GIRFs, Google searches and tweets, to a certain extent, have impacts on the Bitcoin and Ethereum prices, but the impacts are weaker than that of active addresses in terms of magnitude and significance.
Disease progression and phenotypes of non‐motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Osaki Yasushi , Morita Yukari , Miyamoto Yuka , Furushima Tomomi , Furuta Konosuke , Furuya Hirokazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMotor symptoms, non‐motor symptoms, and treatment‐related motor complications appear during the course of Parkinson's disease.AimTo observe the progression of all symptoms related to Parkinson's disease including prodromal non‐motor symptoms, motor symptoms, treatment‐related motor complications, and non‐motor symptoms.MethodsWe assessed 201 patients with Parkinson's disease. The reviewed symptoms included all of the motor and non‐motor symptoms listed in the Movement Disorder Society‐Parkinson's disease criteria and other non‐motor symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and apathy. According to established criteria, the presence of each symptom was coded. If present, latencies were calculated by months. To identify representative non‐motor symptoms, we performed non‐hierarchical and hierarchical cluster analyses.ResultsWe observed the presence of prodromal non‐motor symptoms and the progression of motor symptoms, treatment‐related complications, and non‐motor symptoms. Regarding the non‐motor symptoms, a comparison of the results from the two sets of cluster analysis led to the identification of six subgroups: “pain,” “constipation,” “depression and insomnia,” “hyposmia,” “daytime urinary urgency and symptomatic orthostatic hypotension,” and “excessive daytime somnolence, rapid eye movement sleep behavioral disorder, hallucinations, and dementia.”ConclusionsIn some patients, Parkinson's disease starts from the extra‐striatonigral pathway. Apart from the motor symptoms and treatment‐related complications, the non‐motor symptoms progress independently in several directions, as a result of non‐dopaminergic dysfunction, outside the nigrostriatal pathway.
Uncertainty of runoff sensitivity to climate change in the Amazon River basin
Authors: Carmona Alejandra M. , Renner Maik , Kleidon Axel , Poveda Germán 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe employ the approach of Roderick and Farquhar (2011) to assess the sensitivity of runoff (R) given changes in precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (Ep), and other properties that change the partitioning of P (n) by estimating coefficients that predict the weight of each variable in the relative change of R. We use this framework using different data sources and products for P, actual evapotranspiration (E), and Ep within the Amazon River basin to quantify the uncertainty of the hydrologic response at the subcatchment scale. We show that when estimating results from the different combinations of datasets for the entire river basin (at Óbidos), a 10% increase in P would increase R on average 16%, while a 10% increase in Ep would decrease R about 6%. In addition, a 10% change in the parameter n would affect the hydrological response of the entire basin around 5%. However, results change from catchment to catchment and are dependent on the combination of datasets. Finally, results suggest that enhanced estimates of E and Ep are needed to improve our understanding of the future scenarios of hydrological sensitivity with implications for the quantification of climate change impacts at the regional (subcatchment and subbasin) scale in Amazonia.
Fair‐y Tales: An analysis of children’s books about sun safety
Authors: McCormack Lindsay , Dzuali Fiatsogbe S. , Tappel Anna , Huang Jennifer T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionSkin cancer prevention should ideally begin with healthy sun protection habits during childhood. Children's books can be effective tools to introduce healthy habits early in life and should be targeted toward all children regardless of skin tone. This study examined sun protection guidelines and the representation of skin tones in commercial children's books.MethodsWe performed internet searches for children's books about sun protection. We compared content from these books to current sun protection guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD). We assessed books for reading level, author profession, and skin tone representation.ResultsSeventeen books met study criteria. Of 19 factors surrounding sun protection provided by the AAD, the median number of factors mentioned within children's books was nine (range 3‐13). Of the 13 books with color illustrations of people, one (7.6%) book depicted people with dark skin tones on the cover, and three (23.1%) books depicted people with dark skin tones within the story.ConclusionCommercial children's books about sun protection incorporate some, but not all, of the AAD guidelines, and there is an inadequate representation of darker skin tones within and on the cover of these books.
A study on lethal doses of various pesticides on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) – a laboratory trial
Authors: Pervez Mahnoor , Manzoor Farkhanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExposure of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) to pesticides disturbed normal physiological and behavioral functions required for normal foraging and colony maintenance. The present study was aimed towards establishing the mean lethal concentration (LC50) of three pesticides viz. carbamate (carbaryl), organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) and neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) in honeybees through feeding bioassay laboratory trial. Deleteriousness was confirmed through mortality rate, number of survival bees, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), total protein (TP) levels, AChE gene transcription level, and gut tissues histological analysis of exposed honeybees. Mean mortality rate was calculated for 96 h interval at three different concentrations of tested pesticides (5, 2.5, and 1.25 mg L−1), and LC50 values calculated for 48 and 96 h interval. AChE enzyme and TP level are determined by ELIZA and spectrophotometer, respectively. Results revealed that imidacloprid had the lowest LC50 (0.477 ng/bee) values as compared with carbaryl and chlorpyrifos. High mortality rate was observed at highest dose, being impidacloprid have more lethal effects as compared with other pesticides. Similarly, biochemical analysis revealed that imidiacloprid and chlorpyrifos significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased AChE and TP levels, whereas carbaryl significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased them. Similarly, probe based RT qPCR revealed that imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) enhanced the AChE level whereas carbaryl decreased it. Histological analysis showed that the gut tissues of honeybees exposed to pesticide treatment had substantial morphological abnormalities. In a nutshell, imidacloprid, carbaryl and chlorpyrifos have substantial toxic effects on all the study attributes of honeybees with imidacloprid being most toxic.
An interdisciplinary street outreach program to engage vulnerable neighbors in care
Authors: Doran Kelly , Doede Megan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThose experiencing poverty, homelessness, or behavioral health disorders are difficult to engage and maintain in health care services. These vulnerable populations experience unique barriers to engagement in health care services, which fuel health inequity. We need innovative approaches to address this need. This paper discusses the reciprocal relationship between a community center and a local university, which led to a street outreach program that provides a dynamic interprofessional experience for nursing, medical, and social work students and helps connect vulnerable populations to care. Over 12 weeks, students interacted with 127 neighbors. The most common interventions used were as follows: support and encouragement, health teaching, providing medical supplies, and/or referrals to the community center to meet with case management and/or attend the nurse‐run public health clinic. The encounters often resulted in neighbors’ goals being met, neighbors’ planning to use the community outreach center (COC) in the future, and neighbors leaving the encounter with a plan to manage their health.
Risk of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes associated with inactivated influenza vaccination in first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Speake Hollie A. , Pereira Gavin , Regan Annette K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn many countries, influenza vaccination is routinely recommended during any stage of pregnancy, yet uptake remains low, particularly in the first trimester. This is thought to be due to maternal concerns regarding vaccine safety.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety of influenza vaccination in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsIn a 4‐year retrospective cohort study using probabilistic record linkage of administrative health data, we established a population‐based cohort of 2391 women vaccinated in first trimester and 68 447 never vaccinated women with a date of conception between 2012 and 2015 in Western Australia. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of perinatal health outcomes among first trimester vaccinated women as compared to never vaccinated women using log‐binomial logistic regression following a propensity score matched (PSM) analyses (2391 vaccinated women matched with 9564 never vaccinated women).ResultsFirst trimester vaccination was not associated with increased risk of stillbirth (RR 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64, 2.19), small for gestational age (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83, 1.11) or preeclampsia (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.74, 1.28). The risk of spontaneous birth at 32‐36 weeks was higher in first trimester vaccinated women compared with never vaccinated women (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.11, 1.77). Vaccination was associated with a 10‐19% increase in the risk of gestational diabetes (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94, 1.49), premature rupture of membranes (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.82, 1.48), and threatened preterm labour (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.90, 1.59).ConclusionsWith exception to spontaneous preterm birth, findings suggest that first trimester vaccination is not associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. Results can be used to support patient and provider‐level vaccine decision making during first trimester.
Firm‐productivity and cross border merger
Authors: Mukherjee Arijit , Senalp Umut Erksan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examine whether higher productivity of a foreign firm increases the incentive for a cross border merger, which is a dominant form of foreign direct investment in recent decades. In line with the empirical evidence, we show that the relationship between productivity of a foreign firm and cross border merger is mixed. We show that the market concentration effect plays an important role in determining the relationship and provides a rationale for a generally ignored empirical evidence showing a negative relationship between firm‐productivity and cross border merger. Our results hold under both Cournot and Bertrand competition.
Variation of intra‐aggregate organic carbon affects aggregate formation and stability during organic manure fertilization in a fluvo‐aquic soil
Authors: Wen Yunjie , Tang Yuefeng , Wen Jiong , Wang Qi , Bai Lingyu , Wang Yanan , Su Shiming , Wu Cuixia , Lv Jialong , Zeng Xibai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aggregate formation and stability are controlled by the dynamics of soil organic matters (SOM), but how it is related to SOM chemical composition within different‐sized aggregates is largely unknown during manure fertilization. In this study, the variations of intra‐aggregate organic carbon (OC), including intra‐particulate organic matter (iPOM) and mineral‐associated organic matter, were quantitatively and qualitatively analysed, and then, their effects on aggregate formation and stability were assessed under four treatments: control (CK), mineral fertilizer (NPK), reduced manure (30%M) and manure fertilizers (M). Manure application (M) significantly increased macroaggregate proportion, mean weight diameter (MWD), and OC contents within different‐sized aggregates compared to CK, NPK, and 30%M. The OC accumulation of macroaggregate in M was attributed to OC content increase in silt plus clay subfraction rather than iPOM with more labile organic groups; oppositely, in microaggregate it was located in the relatively stable fine iPOM. The macroaggregate formation and stability were controlled by the fine iPOM within macroaggregates, whose abundant polysaccharide‐C and aliphatic‐C after manure fertilization advanced the microbial growth except for Gram‐positive bacteria, which further promoted macroaggregate formation and stability. The free silt plus clay fraction also affected macroaggregate formation and stability, and its polysaccharide‐C derived from microorganisms or decomposing SOM was positively associated with MWD and macroaggregate proportion. Because polysaccharide‐C can be easily associated with mineral particles, further improving micro‐ or macroaggregation. We conclude that continuous manure fertilization could increase labile SOM accumulation within aggregates and then facilitate microbial growth, which collectively are responsible for aggregate formation and stabilization.
Thyrohyoideus muscle innervation in the horse
Authors: Genton Martin , Robert Celine , Jerbi Hassen , Huet Hélène , Cordonnier Nathalie , Vitte‐Rossignol Amelie , Perkins Justin D. , Rossignol Fabrice 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the innervation of the thyrohyoideus (TH) muscle and to confirm our findings with stimulation of first cervical (C1) nerve branches.Study designEx vivo phase 1 and clinical phase 2.AnimalsFourteen head and neck specimens and 17 client‐owned horses.MethodsIn phase 1, the cranial nerve (CN) XII and the C1 nerve were dissected with their branches in 20 dissections were performed on 14 specimens (6 left and right side and 8 only left or right) Anatomy was noted. Samples of nerve bifurcations were collected for histological confirmation of anatomical findings. First cervical nerve branches were stimulated in horses undergoing cervical nerve graft to treat laryngeal hemiplegia.ResultsThe nerve innervating the TH muscle arose directly from the C1 nerve in 17 of 20 dissections, from an anastomotic branch between CN XII and the C1 nerve in two of 20 dissections, and from the C1 nerve and the anastomotic branch in one of 20 dissections. No direct connection between the TH muscle and CN XII was found. Histological examination revealed that the anastomosis was composed of C1 nerve fibers passing over to CN XII. First cervical stimulation resulted in TH muscle contraction in 16 of 17 horses.ConclusionsThe innervation of the TH muscle originated from the C1 nerve according to dissection, histological, and conduction studies, with variation in the branching pattern.Clinical significanceCare should be taken to preserve the C1 nerve during prosthetic laryngoplasty. The surgical technique for C1 nerve grafts should be reconsidered in light of these findings, along with new options to treat dorsal displacement of the soft palate..
Lumped-Parameter Response Time Models for Pneumatic Circuit Dynamics
Authors: Stanley Andrew A. , Amini Amirhossein , Glick Casey , Usevitch Nathan , Mengüç Yiğit , Keller Sean J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Resistor–capacitor (RC) response time models for pressurizing and depressurizing a pneumatic capacitor (mass accumulator) through a resistor (flow restriction) comprise a framework to systematically analyze complex fluidic circuits. A model for pneumatic resistance is derived from a combination of fundamental fluid mechanics and experimental results. Models describing compressible fluid capacitance are derived from thermodynamic first principles and validated experimentally. The models are combined to derive the ordinary differential equations that describe the RC dynamics. These equations are solved analytically for rigid capacitors and numerically for deformable capacitors to generate pressure response curves as a function of time. The dynamic pressurization and depressurization response times to reach 63.2% (or 1−e−1) of exponential decay are validated in simple pneumatic circuits with combinations of flow restrictions ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm in diameter, source pressures ranging from 5 to 200 kPa, and capacitor volumes of 0.5 to 16 mL. Our RC models predict the response times, which range from a few milliseconds to multiple seconds depending on the combination, with a coefficient of determination of r2=0.983. The utility of the models is demonstrated in a multicomponent fluidic circuit to find the optimal diameter of tubing between a three-way electromechanical valve and a pneumatic capacitor to minimize the response time for the changing pressure in the capacitor. These lumped-parameter models represent foundational blocks upon which timing models of pneumatic circuits can be built for a variety of applications from soft robotics and industrial automation to high-speed microfluidics.
The Story of Wall Shear Stress in Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Biochemical Transport and Mechanotransduction
Authors: Mahmoudi Mostafa , Farghadan Ali , McConnell Daniel R. , Barker Alex J. , Wentzel Jolanda J. , Budoff Matthew J. , Arzani Amirhossein 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronary artery atherosclerosis is a local, multifactorial, complex disease, and the leading cause of death in the US. Complex interactions between biochemical transport and biomechanical forces influence disease growth. Wall shear stress (WSS) affects coronary artery atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial cell mechanotransduction and by controlling the near-wall transport processes involved in atherosclerosis. Each of these processes is controlled by WSS differently and therefore has complicated the interpretation of WSS in atherosclerosis. In this paper, we present a comprehensive theory for WSS in atherosclerosis. First, a short review of shear stress-mediated mechanotransduction in atherosclerosis was presented. Next, subject-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed in ten coronary artery models of diseased and healthy subjects. Biochemical-specific mass transport models were developed to study low-density lipoprotein, nitric oxide, adenosine triphosphate, oxygen, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and monocyte transport. The transport results were compared with WSS vectors and WSS Lagrangian coherent structures (WSS LCS). High WSS magnitude protected against atherosclerosis by increasing the production or flux of atheroprotective biochemicals and decreasing the near-wall localization of atherogenic biochemicals. Low WSS magnitude promoted atherosclerosis by increasing atherogenic biochemical localization. Finally, the attracting WSS LCS's role was more complex where it promoted or prevented atherosclerosis based on different biochemicals. We present a summary of the different pathways by which WSS influences coronary artery atherosclerosis and compare different mechanotransduction and biotransport mechanisms.
A Simple and Fast Hole Detection Algorithm for Triangulated Surfaces
Authors: Vijai Kumar S. , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present a simple and fast algorithm for computing the exact holes in discrete two-dimensional manifolds embedded in a three-dimensional Euclidean space. We deal with the intentionally created “through holes” or “tunnel holes” in the geometry as opposed to missing triangles. The algorithm detects the holes in the geometry directly without any simplified geometry approximation. Discrete Gaussian curvature is used for approximating the local curvature flow in the geometry and for removing outliers from the collection of feature edges. We present an algorithm with varying degrees of flexibility. The algorithm is demonstrated separately for sheets and solid geometries. This article demonstrates the algorithm on triangulated surfaces. However, the algorithm and the underlying data structure are also applicable for surfaces with mixed polygons.