bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genes, culture, and the human niche: An overview
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Bentley R. Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe sharp distinction between biological traits and culturally based traits, which had long been standard in evolutionary approaches to behavior, was blurred in the early 1980s by mathematical models that allowed a co‐dependent evolution of genetic transmission and cultural information. Niche‐construction theory has since added another contrast to standard evolutionary theory, in that it views niche construction as a cause of evolutionary change rather than simply a product of selection. While offering a new understanding of the coevolution of genes, culture, and human behavior, niche‐construction models also invoke multivariate causality, which require multiple time series to resolve. The empirical challenge lies in obtaining time‐series data on causal pathways involved in the coevolution of genes, culture, and behavior. This is a significant issue in archeology, where time series are often sparse and causal behaviors are represented only by proxies in the material record.
Impact of COVID‐19 on Psychology among the University Students
Authors: Dhar Bablu Kumar , Ayittey Foster Kofi , Sarkar Sabrina Maria 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to find out the psychological impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on university students. The study focuses on the university students from different public and private universities of Bangladesh through a set of questionnaires according to the guideline of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD‐7). The result among 15 543 respondents shows that 44.59% are suffering from severe anxiety, 48.41% moderate anxiety, and only 3.82% mild anxiety. The results highlight that all epidemic‐related stressors are positively correlated with the level of anxiety. Among the epidemic‐related stressors, worry about economic influences during and after COVID‐19 (r = 0.342, p < 0.001) and worry about the influence of COVID‐19 on daily life (r = 0.340, p < 0.001) have a highly positive impact on the level of anxiety. Following these stressors, worry about academic delays due to COVID‐19 (r = 0.326, p < 0.001) and worry about the social support during COVID‐19 (r = 0.321, p < 0.001) have moderately and positively correlated with the level of anxiety. The study suggests that proper government support, as well as social awareness, should be monitored during epidemics for decreasing anxiety and maintaining a good mental health of the university students.
Stable Self‐Floating Reduced Graphene Oxide Hydrogel Membrane for High Rate of Solar Vapor Evaporation under 1 sun
Authors: Zhuang Pengyu , Li Duo , Xu Ning , Yu Xiaoqiang , Zhou Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly efficient vapor generation with considerable stability under natural solar irradiance is a promising technology for seawater desalination and wastewater purification. Here a broadband solar absorber of reduced graphene oxide hydrogel membrane (rGOHM), synthesized via an environmentally friendly one‐step hydrothermal reduction process, is demonstrated, which shows a high rate of solar vapor production and superior stability. The porous rGOHM containing more than 99.5% water within its small volume floats on the surface of water, exhibiting efficient solar absorption of ≈98% across 300–2500 nm, as well as sufficient water‐pumping pathways. The evaporation rate can be tuned by changing the water volume. By controlling the water volume, the self‐floating rGOHM can enable efficient interfacial solar vapor generation at a high rate of ≈2.33 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun, which is comparable to the rate generated by the evaporator with an extra insulator. In addition, the evaporation rate of rGOHM is only slightly affected at a high saltwater concentration (at least 15 wt%), and the rGOHM shows mechanical and physical stability. The superior evaporation performance combined with efficient eradication of wastewater contaminants, cost‐effectiveness, and straightforward fabrication process, makes this rGOHMs ideal for advanced high‐concentration seawater desalination and wastewater treatment technologies.
Association of leisure sedentary time with common chronic disease risk factors: A longitudinal study of China Health and Nutrition Surveys
Authors: Yin Xiaolu , Chen Minfang , He Ruibo , Wu Song , Xia Hongjie , Xie Feili , Wang Huajing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the common risk factors were identified and controlled for many years, the overall prevalence of chronic diseases continued to increase in China.ObjectiveWe presumed the leisure sedentariness as a latent but pivotal factor of chronic diseases, and examined its distribution and changing trend, analysed its interaction effects on common risk factors, which could provide a new perspective for the prevention and management.MethodsA total of 5013 participants were screened out from China Health and Nutrition Survey. Random‐effects ordered logistic models were used for ordinal dependent variables, and fixed‐effects or random‐effects logit models were used for binary dependent variables.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2011, the prevalence of high leisure sedentary time (LSED) increased by 58.58%. Members of the high LSED group were likely to choose fast food, salty snacks, soft drinks and more likely to smoke or drink alcohol compared with those of the low LSED group. However, they preferred walking, sports and body building more than those of the low LSED group.ConclusionsFor the unhealthy dietary, tobacco and alcohol consumption, more targeted introduction and guidance related to sedentary time should be promoted. Meanwhile, the appeal for physical exercise as well as adequate facilities should be initiated.
Unsteady flow and heat transfer of a ferrofluid between two rotating, vertical moving and stretching disks
Authors: Bhandari Anupam , Husain Akmal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnsteady flow and heat transfer of a magnetic fluid between two rotating disks is investigated. Both the disks are stretchable and the lower disk moves in the vertical direction. A new approach of similarity transformation is adopted to transform the equation of continuity, momentum, and the energy equation into ordinary nonlinear coupled differential equations. The numerical solution of the converted nonlinear differential equations is obtained using the finite element method. The effects of magnetization force, rotational viscosity, Prandtl number, and Eckert number on the velocity and temperature distributions are studied. The impact of stretching, movement, and rotation of the disk is also considered in this computational study. The skin friction coefficients and heat transfer rate on the lower disk for different physical parameters are calculated. Different types of motion of the disks and the magnetization force are crucial aspects in the stress distribution and heat transfer rate near the lower disk.
An experimental investigation to augment the efficiency of photovoltaic panels by using longitudinal fins
Authors: Farhan Ammar A. , Hasan Duaa J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe temperature of a photovoltaic (PV) panel has a negative effect on the generated power. As the solar irradiance that falls on the PV increases, the operating PV temperature rises, which leads to a decrease in electrical efficiency. Therefore, there arises a need to introduce a cooling system to minimize PV temperature. In this study, the simple passive cooling method of extending its surfaces with fins was used to reduce the PV temperature. Different numbers of longitudinal aluminum fins were attached to the bottom surface of a PV panel and their effects were examined under realistic weather conditions for Baghdad, Iraq. Results show that the use of the passive cooling method under natural convection will be more effective in reducing PV temperature before solar noon than after solar noon. The maximum power enhancement was about 2.5 W and occurred at solar noon when using 10 aluminum fins. The peak efficiency value of the PV panel with fin cooling was about 15.3% against 14% for the unfinned PV panel.
Developmental delay and parenting: The role of behaviour problems in toddlers
Authors: Diemer Maire Claire , Gerstein Emily D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopmental delays (DD) are missed early childhood developmental milestones in cognitive, motoric or linguistic domains. DD associated with behaviour problems may compound to impact parenting. This study investigated whether DD would moderate the relation between behaviour problems and parenting in families of toddlers. Data were drawn from an Early Head Start (n = 564) sample. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire‐Third Edition measured developmental status at age 2 (typically developing, in a monitoring zone, or having a DD), behaviour problems were assessed at age 2, and supportive and negative parenting at age 3. Developmental delay moderated the relationship between behaviour problems and supportive parenting such that greater behaviour problems were unrelated to parental supportiveness for children with DD, while greater behaviour problems led to less parental supportiveness for typically developing children. These findings suggest distinct developmental processes, with parental supportiveness acting as potentially protective for children with DD.
A Google–Wikipedia–Twitter Model as a Leading Indicator of the Numbers of Coronavirus Deaths
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. , Storey Veda C. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryForecasting the number of cases and the number of deaths in a pandemic provides critical information to governments and health officials, as seen in the management of the coronavirus outbreak. But things change. Thus, there is a constant search for real‐time and leading indicator variables that can provide insights into disease propagation models. Researchers have found that information about social media and search engine use can provide insights into the diffusion of flu and other diseases. Consistent with this finding, we found that a model with the number of Google searches, Twitter tweets, and Wikipedia page views provides a leading indicator model of the number of people in the USA who will become infected and die from the coronavirus. Although we focus on the current coronavirus pandemic, other recent viruses have threatened pandemics (e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome). Since future and existing diseases are likely to follow a similar search for information, our insights may prove fruitful in dealing with the coronavirus and other such diseases, particularly in the early phases of the disease.Subject terms: coronavirus, COVID‐19, unintentional crowd, Google searches, Wikipedia page views, Twitter tweets, models of disease diffusion.
Reliability assessment on intravascular photoacoustic imaging of lipid: ex vivo animal and human sample validation
Authors: Lei Peng , Hao Jiheng , Wang Lei , Wen Xue , Xiong Kedi , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Liyong , Yang Sihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstactAlthough the lipid‐detecting IVPA imaging system has been developed in resolution, speed, and catheter size, there is no parameterization study of the reliability on the IVPA imaging for lipid diagnosis. Here, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated to assess the reliability of the IVPA imaging of lipid. Abdominal aortas from six rabbits with atherosclerosis, were subjected to the IVPA imaging and Oil Red O staining, and 75 groups of IVPA as well as corresponding histological images were obtained. Similarly, 125 groups of IVPA and histological results were obtained from five human carotid plaque samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, calculated from the statistical data, were 96.8%, 83.3%, 94.6% and 97.3%, 72.7%, 95.2%, respectively. The numerical values of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy demonstrated the reliability of IVPA imaging on distinguishing the lesions vessel with lipid‐rich plaque, which provided the foundation for IVPA translation to clinical application.
Natural compounds from Leea macrophylla enhance phagocytosis and promote osteoblasts differentiation by alkaline phosphatase, type 1 collagen, and osteocalcin gene expression
Authors: Raiyan Sayema , Rahman Md Atiar , Al Mamun Md Abdullah , Asim Md Muzammal Haque , Makki Arwa , Hajjar Dina , Alelwani Walla , Tangpong Jitbanjong , Mathew Bijo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current study investigated the immunomodulating and osteoblast differentiation potential of the natural compounds from Leea macrophylla (LMN). Immunomodulatory effects have been investigated by the phagocytosis of Candida albicans using polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells in the in vitro slide method. A bioactivity‐guided fractionation technique was used to evaluate the stimulating effect of L. macrophylla methanol extract on osteoblast differentiation using mouse osteoblastic cells. A low dose of LMN was found to stimulate the phagocytic effect better than a higher dose. The natural compounds from L. macrophylla have significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin activities. The LMN promoted the osteoblast differentiation through upregulation of ALP, osteocalcin, and type 1 collagen in a dose‐dependent manner. These natural compounds also upregulated ALP, osteocalcin, and type 1 collagen gene expressions. The data suggest that LMN has potential anabolic sequel on bone formation and osteoblast differentiation.
Skin wound healing assisted by angiogenic targeted tissue engineering: A comprehensive review of bioengineered approaches
Authors: Nour Shirin , Imani Rana , Chaudhry G. Rasul , Sharifi Ali Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSkin injuries and in particular, chronic wounds, are one of the major prevalent medical problems, worldwide. Due to the pivotal role of angiogenesis in tissue regeneration, impaired angiogenesis can cause several complications during the wound healing process and skin regeneration. Therefore, induction or promotion of angiogenesis can be considered as a promising approach to accelerate wound healing. This article presents a comprehensive overview of current and emerging angiogenesis induction methods applied in several studies for skin regeneration, which are classified into the cell, growth factor, scaffold, and biological/chemical compound‐based strategies. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these angiogenic strategies along with related research examples are discussed in order to demonstrate their potential in the treatment of wounds.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogels containing strontium‐doped hydroxyapatite as promising biomaterials
Authors: Grazioli Guillermo , Silva Adriana F. , Souza Jaqueline F. , David Carla , Diehl Lisiane , Sousa‐Neto Manoel D. , Cava Sergio S. , Fajardo André R. , Moraes Rafael R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel poly(vinyl alcohol)/chondroitin sulfate (PVA/CS) composite hydrogels containing hydroxyapatite (HA) or Sr‐doped HA (HASr) particles were synthesized by a freeze/thaw method and characterized aiming towards biomedical applications. HA and HASr were synthesized by a wet‐precipitation method and added to the composite hydrogels in fractions up to 15 wt%. Physical–chemical characterizations of particles and hydrogels included scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, porosity, compressive strength/elastic modulus, swelling degree, and cell viability. Particles were irregular in shape and appeared to have narrow size variation. The thermal behavior of composite hydrogels was altered compared to the control (bare) hydrogel. All hydrogels exhibited high porosity. HA/HASr particles reduced total porosity without reducing pore size. The mechanical strength was improved as the fraction of HA or HASr was increased. HASr particles led to a faster water uptake but did not interfere with the total hydrogel swelling capacity. In cell viability essay, increased cell growth (above 120%) was observed in all groups including the control hydrogel, suggesting a bioactive effect. In conclusion, PVA/CS hydrogels containing HA or HASr particles were successfully synthesized and showed promising morphological, mechanical, and swelling properties, which are particularly required for scaffolding.
Real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory using density fitting and the continuous fast multipole method
Authors: Müller Carolin , Sharma Manas , Sierka Marek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn implementation of real‐time time‐dependent density functional theory (RT‐TDDFT) within the TURBOMOLE program package is reported using Gaussian‐type orbitals as basis functions, second and fourth order Magnus propagator, and the self‐consistent field as well as the predictor–corrector time integration schemes. The Coulomb contribution to the Kohn–Sham matrix is calculated combining density fitting approximation and the continuous fast multipole method. Performance of the implementation is benchmarked for molecular systems with different sizes and dimensionalities. For linear alkane chains, the wall time for density matrix time propagation step is comparable to the Kohn‐Sham (KS) matrix construction. However, for larger two‐ and three‐dimensional molecules, with up to about 5,000 basis functions, the computational effort of RT‐TDDFT calculations is dominated by the KS matrix evaluation. In addition, the maximum time step is evaluated using a set of small molecules of different polarities. The photoabsorption spectra of several molecular systems calculated using RT‐TDDFT are compared to those obtained using linear response time‐dependent density functional theory and coupled cluster methods.
Effects of a biomimetic analog‐based experimental bonding system on caries‐affected and sound dentin
Authors: Gomes Bianca Silva , Rossi André Linhares , da Silva Eduardo Moreira , Moreira Karla Tatiana Toro , dos Santos Juliane Cucinello , Ferreira‐Pereira Antônio , Portela Maristela Barbosa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study compared the ultrastructure, chemical composition, and proteases activity (PA) of sound (SD) and caries‐affected dentin (CAD) in the dentin hybrid layer after using an experimental bonding system containing pyromellitic dianhydride glycerol methacrylate and biomimetic analogs. The bonding system used a three step and a total‐etch procedure. Polyacrylic acid (5%) and sodium trimetaphosphate (5%) were added to the primer and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (9%), beta‐tricalcium phosphate (10.5%), and calcium hydroxide (0.5%) were added to the adhesive. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to evaluate the resultant structure, particularly the adhesive‐dentin and the demineralized‐SD interfaces. The chemical composition was evaluated through energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The PA was measured with the Coomassie Blue‐G250 coloring test, and the PA data were analyzed by ANOVA. EDS identified the presence of isolated calcium phosphate nanoparticles in the demineralized region; however, the SAED analysis did not show any evidences of hydroxyapatite (HA) neoformation in SD and CAD. The biomimetic analog‐based adhesive system inhibited the activities of dentin proteases immediately after treatment. Additionally, the proteolytic activity on the affected dentin resembled that of the SD. In conclusion, no HA formed in the demineralized SD and CAD although there were calcium and phosphate deposits. The experimental adhesive system inhibited dentin proteases.
The present study uses a new approach to investigate the hybrid layer behavior in dentin.
The experimental adhesive system was synthesized and used on sound and affected‐caries dentin as the substrate to reproduce real clinical conditions.
Removal of hydrocarbon contamination and oxide films from atom probe specimens
Authors: Herbig Michael , Kumar Ankit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany materials science phenomena require joint structural and chemical characterization at the nanometer scale to be understood. This can be achieved by correlating electron microscopy (EM) and atom probe tomography (APT) subsequently on the same specimen. For this approach, specimen yield during APT is of particular importance, as significantly more instrument time per specimen is invested as compared to conventional APT measurements. However, electron microscopy causes hydrocarbon contamination on the surface of atom probe specimens. Also, oxide layers grow during specimen transport between instruments and storage. Both effects lower the chances for long and smooth runs in the ensuing APT experiment. This represents a crucial bottleneck of the method correlative EM/APT. Here, we present a simple and reliable method based on argon ion polishing that is able to remove hydrocarbon contamination and oxide layers, thereby significantly improving APT specimen yield, particularly after EM.
Twin‐jet electropolishing for damage‐free transmission electron microscopy specimen preparation of metallic microwires
Authors: Pourbabak Saeid , Orekhov Andrey , Schryvers Dominique 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA method to prepare TEM specimens from metallic microwires and based on conventional twin‐jet electropolishing is introduced. The wire is embedded in an opaque epoxy resin medium and the hardened resin is mechanically polished to reveal the wire on both sides. The resin containing wire is then cut into discs of the appropriate size. The obtained embedded wire is electropolished in a conventional twin‐jet electropolishing machine until electron transparency in large areas without radiation damage is achieved.
Predictors of vascular disease in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Faber Mark G. , Lloyd David R. , Singh Abhay , Baron Jeffrey , Przespolewski Amanda , Griffiths Elizabeth A. , Wang Eunice S. , Thota Swapna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe escalating link between somatic mutations commonly seen in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and atherosclerotic vascular disease has increased the interest in management and associations of these conditions. We present a retrospective study examining clinical and molecular variables associated with vascular disease in patients with MDS. This study included a comprehensive evaluation of 236 patients with MDS. Our study has multiple findings. Mutations in ASXL1 correlated with increased risk of vascular disease for the entire cohort (P = .013). Though this has been replicated in other studies, there are no guidelines at this time for preventing vascular events in these patients. Our study also showed that lower ferritin levels may be linked to increased vascular events (P = .043), therefore the optimal use of supportive red blood cell transfusions in patients with MDS and the overall impact of inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c‐reactive protein should be re‐addressed. Furthermore, our study showed that patients with Trisomy 8 in the low‐risk MDS cohort (based on IPSS‐R scores) were protected from vascular events (P = .036). Our findings of lower ferritin being linked with increased risk of vascular events as well as patients with Trisomy 8 being protected from vascular events may impact patient care. There do not appear to be any prior studies with these findings. In addition, given the connection between MDS and atherosclerotic vascular disease, we believe guideline‐based management of cardiac risk factors among MDS patients may improve overall outcomes. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to further investigate these findings.