bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical, human, and environmental drivers of genetic diversity in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) invading the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Acevedo‐Limón Lucía , Oficialdegui Francisco J. , Sánchez Marta I. , Clavero Miguel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Patterns of genetic diversity in invasive populations can be modulated by a range of factors acting at different stages of the invasion process, including the genetic composition of the source population(s), the introduction history (e.g. propagule pressure), the environmental suitability of recipient areas, and the features of secondary introductions.

The North American red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is one of the most widely introduced freshwater species worldwide. It was legally introduced into Spain twice, near the city of Badajoz in 1973 and in the Guadalquivir marshes in 1974. Thereafter the species rapidly colonised almost the entire Iberian Peninsula.

We used seven nuclear microsatellites to describe the genetic diversity and structure of 28 locations distributed across the Iberian Peninsula and to explain the expansion process of the red swamp crayfish. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between environmental suitability and genetic diversity of the studied locations.

The red swamp crayfish had a clear spatial genetic structure in the Iberian Peninsula, probably determined by the two independent introduction events in the 1970s, which produced two main clusters separated spatially, one of which was dominant in Portugal and the other in Spain.

The human‐mediated dispersal process seemed to have involved invasion hubs, hosting highly genetically diverse areas and acting as sources for subsequent introductions. Genetic diversity also tended to be higher in more suitable environments across the Iberian Peninsula.

Our results showed that the complex and human‐mediated expansion of the red swamp crayfish in the Iberian Peninsula has involved several long‐ and short‐distance movements and that both ecological and anthropogenic factors have shaped the genetic diversity patterns resulting from this invasion process. Early detection of potential invasion hubs may help to halt multiple short‐distance translocations and thus the rapid expansion of highly prolific invasive species over non‐native areas.
Short term efficacy of recombinant porcine factor VIII in patients with factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Abou‐Ismail Mouhamed Yazan , Vuyyala Sowjanya , Prunty Jeremy , Schmaier Alvin H. , Nayak Lalitha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies against factor VIII (FVIII), seen in acquired (AHA) and congenital haemophilia A, lead to severe bleeding diatheses. Current first‐line treatment includes bypass agents. Recombinant porcine sequence FVIII (rpFVIII) was developed as an alternative therapy.AimTo describe our institutional experience with the use of rpFVIII.MethodsA retrospective chart review of five patients treated with rpVIII between 2016 and 2019.ResultsFive patients (four AHA, one congenital haemophilia with inhibitors) were treated with rpFVIII. No patient had an adverse event during infusion. All patients initially exhibited a response evidenced by increased FVIII levels from baseline <1% to 81%‐170%, normalization of the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and resolution of bleeding. However, all five patients were subsequently noted to have decreasing peak FVIII levels and aPTT prolongation, either within the initial treatment course or upon later re‐administration. Resistance to rpFVIII was recognized after an average of 12.4 exposure days. Porcine FVIII inhibitor levels measured afterwards were present (detectable—170 Bethesda units) in all patients. Three out of four AHA subjects also developed an increase in the anti‐human FVIII inhibitor titres after receiving rpFVIII.ConclusionrpFVIII was safe and initially effective in all patients. However, its use is associated with development of an inhibitor to rpFVIII, decreasing its efficacy and duration of effect. Further, rpFVIII use may lead to an increase in patient anti‐human FVIII inhibitor titres. A larger study is necessary to appropriately assess the incidence of these outcomes.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 expression in apical periodontitis in mice
Authors: De Rossi A. , Huamán S. D. , León J. E. , Saraiva M. C. P. , Fukada S. Y. , da Silva R. A. B. , de Carvalho F. , Nelson‐Filho P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the presence, localization and the possible correlation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor‐2 (FGFR2) with inflammatory resorption of cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone during development of apical periodontitis in mice.MethodologyApical periodontitis was experimentally induced in mandibular first molars of mice by pulp exposure to the oral environment. Healthy teeth without pulp exposure were used as controls. At 7, 21 and 42 days following pulp exposure, the animals were euthanized and the jaws were prepared for analysis under conventional and fluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry (FGFR2), RT‐PCR (RNAm levels of RANK, RANKL, OPG, Runx2 and cathepsin K) and enzyme histochemistry (cementoclasts and osteoclasts). Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal–Wallis tests and Dunn’s post hoc tests for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05) using SAS 9.4 software.ResultsFGFR2‐positive cells were not observed in the tissues surrounding healthy teeth but were observed in teeth with periapical lesions from seven days after root canal contamination. At days 21 and 42 after endodontic infection, the increase in periapical lesion size was accompanied by significantly enhanced expression of FGFR2 (P < 0.0001), significantly increased intensity of inflammatory cells, number of osteoclasts (P < 0.0001) and cementoclasts (P < 0.0001), and significantly enhanced RNAm levels of RANK/RANKL/OPG, Runx2 and cathepsin K compared to day 0 (P < 0.0001). At 21 and 42 days, FGFR2 was also expressed on osteoblasts, fibroblasts and inside enlarged lacunae of cementocytes along with acute and chronic inflammatory cells (macrophages, plasma cells and neutrophils). At all periods and cells, FGFR2 expression was observed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus.ConclusionIn mice, FGFR2 was not expressed in tissues surrounding healthy teeth but was expressed in apical periodontitis, specifically in the membrane and cytoplasm of osteoblasts, fibroblasts, lacunae of cementocytes, and acute and chronic inflammatory cells (macrophages, plasma cells and neutrophils). Its expression was correlated with the size of the periapical lesions.
Hematological performance of a last generation automated blood cell counter: The Mindray BC‐6800 Plus
Authors: Zini Gina , Cantelli Federica , Scavone Fernando , Barbagallo Ombretta , Ciminello Angela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionHematology analyzers produce reliable, reproducible, precise, accurate results, as well as a premicroscopic characterization of abnormal samples. We have evaluated the clinical performance of a new blood cell counter, which has been temporarily made available to our hematology laboratory.MethodsOver four months, we analyzed with the Mindray BC‐6800 Plus more than 1000 samples with a high incidence of hematological abnormalities, using recommended ICSH and CLSI protocols. We have also assessed flagging efficiency for abnormal cells and scattergram cell distribution.ResultsFrom a quantitative point of view, our assessment has identified state‐of‐the‐art level reproducibility, excellent linearity, stability over 48°C at 4°C for the conventional parameters, lack of carry‐over (<0.2%), and comparability with the routine instruments. These features would make the instrument suitable for immediate and smooth introduction in the hematology laboratory. Flags for abnormal cells are efficient; flag for blast cells has high sensitivity and predictive value of negative results. Additional benefits are provided by a competent interpretation of cell distribution scattergrams in samples from patients with specific hematological disorders.ConclusionWe have demonstrated good analytical and useful diagnostic performance of this new instrument, including effective selection of abnormal samples for informed microscope morphological analysis.
Flagpoling: Inter‐provincial Mobility of International Migrants within Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program
Authors: Knott Christine , Marschke Melissa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe temporary foreign worker programme (TFWP) is widely used in many sectors in Canada. Research on the TFWP in Canada has documented multiple types of abuse within the programme, often related to worker lack of access to citizenship and social benefits. Less is known about how mobile and often precarious migrant workers are able to navigate negative, challenging situations identified within the Canadian literature. Flagpoling, a process used by international migrants in Canada to gain mobility in situations where their movement may be constrained, is not talked about in the mobilities and labour agency literature. Drawing from a case study of migrant workers in Atlantic Canada's seafood processing plants, this paper pulls together the mobilities, labour agency and precarity literature to explore how migrant workers are able to extradite themselves from workplaces that are less than ideal and better position themselves towards gaining citizenship status.
Permanent left bundle branch area pacing in a child with a third‐degree atrioventricular block: A case report
Authors: Huang Jing , Zhou Runze , Pan Yesheng , Yang Bing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPermanent left bundle branch area pacing (LBBP) is a promising physiological pacing technique that has emerged in recent years. However, LBBP is almost exclusively clinically applied in adult patients. The feasibility and safety of the use of LBBP in children have not been well‐assessed. Here, we report the case of a 6‐year‐old child with a third‐degree atrioventricular block after surgical aortic valve replacement who successfully received a permanent LBBP.
Identification of a metabolic gene panel to predict the prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Hu Fang , Chen Si‐liang , Dai Yu‐jun , Wang Yun , Qin Zhe‐yuan , Li Huan , Shu Ling‐ling , Li Jin‐yuan , Huang Han‐ying , Liang Yang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is clonal disease featured by ineffective haematopoiesis and potential progression into acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). At present, the risk stratification and prognosis of MDS need to be further optimized. A prognostic model was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis for MDS patients based on the identified metabolic gene panel in training cohort, followed by external validation in an independent cohort. The patients with lower risk had better prognosis than patients with higher risk. The constructed model was verified as an independent prognostic factor for MDS patients with hazard ratios of 3.721 (1.814‐7.630) and 2.047 (1.013‐4.138) in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The AUC of 3‐year overall survival was 0.846 and 0.743 in the training cohort and validation cohort, respectively. The high‐risk score was significantly related to other clinical prognostic characteristics, including higher bone marrow blast cells and lower absolute neutrophil count. Moreover, gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) showed several significantly enriched pathways, with potential indication of the pathogenesis. In this study, we identified a novel stable metabolic panel, which might not only reveal the dysregulated metabolic microenvironment, but can be used to predict the prognosis of MDS.
Implementation of Post‐Acute Rehabilitation at Home: A Skilled Nursing Facility‐Substitutive Model
Authors: Augustine Matthew R. , Davenport Claire , Ornstein Katherine A. , Cuan Mitchell , Saenger Pamela , Lubetsky Sara , Federman Alex , DeCherrie Linda V. , Leff Bruce , Siu Albert L. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVESFor patients who require frequent and intensive therapy services after hospitalization, rehabilitation is predominantly provided in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). Delivering post‐acute rehabilitation in patientsʼ homes offers a potential alternative. Our aim was to describe and evaluate services and functional outcomes and then identify factors associated with the provision of a 30‐day post‐acute care (PAC) bundle of rehabilitation, medical, and social services provided via the Rehabilitation at Home (RaH) program.DESIGNSingle‐arm retrospective review of patients participating in the RaH program.SETTINGMultidisciplinary home‐based delivery of PAC in Manhattan.PARTICIPANTSIndividuals 18 years or older residing in a specified catchment area and qualifying for SNF‐based rehabilitation services from October 2015 to September 2017.RESULTSA total of 237 patients participated in RaH over 264 episodes of care. Participants were predominantly older than 85 years (57%; mean = 84.2; standard deviation [SD] = 10.0 years) and of non‐Hispanic white (70%) race and ethnicity. Most were admitted after hospitalization (88.2%) for 117 different diagnostic related groups. Average length of stay in RaH was 14.2 (SD = 6.5) days with patients receiving 1.83 (SD = 2.22) medical provider, 1.67 (SD = 1.58) nursing, and 5.24 (SD = 1.05) physical therapist visits weekly. Most of the patients fully or almost fully met their goals for bed mobility (65%), bed transfer (69%), chair transfer (67%), and ambulation (64%) with the majority achieving moderate or considerable (61%) global functional improvement. Achieving moderate or considerable global improvement was negatively associated with dementia diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = .23; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .08‐.71) and positively associated with higher baseline ambulation (OR = 5.51; 95% CI = 2.22‐13.66). At 30 days, 87.3% of participants were living in the community.CONCLUSIONDelivering SNF‐level post‐acute rehabilitation care in patientsʼ homes for a broad range of diagnoses is feasible and associated with functional improvement. This approach may help older adults maintain living status in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1584‐1593, 2020.
Differential mechanisms of tolerance induced by NMDA and 3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) preconditioning
Authors: Gerace Elisabetta , Zianni Elisa , Landucci Elisa , Scartabelli Tania , Berlinguer Palmini Rolando , Iezzi Daniela , Moroni Flavio , Di Luca Monica , Mannaioni Guido , Gardoni Fabrizio , Pellegrini‐Giampietro Domenico E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the molecular events triggered by NMDA and 3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) preconditioning, that lead to neuroprotection against excitotoxic insults (AMPA or oxygen and glucose deprivation) in rat organotypic hippocampal slices, with particular attention on glutamate receptors and on cannabinoid system. We firstly evaluated the protein expression of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits after preconditioning using western blot analysis performed in post‐synaptic densities. We observed that following NMDA, but not DHPG preconditioning, the expression of GluA1 was significantly reduced and this reduction appeared to be associated with the internalization of AMPA receptors. Whole‐cell voltage clamp recordings on CA1 pyramidal neurons of organotypic slices show that 24 hr after exposure to NMDA and DHPG preconditioning, AMPA‐induced currents were significantly reduced. To clarify the mechanisms induced by DHPG preconditioning, we then investigated the involvement of the endocannabinoid system. Exposure of slices to the CB1 antagonist AM251 prevented the development of tolerance to AMPA toxicity induced by DHPG but not NMDA. Accordingly, the MAG‐lipase inhibitor URB602, that increases arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) content, but not the FAAH inhibitor URB597, that limits the degradation of anandamide, was also able to induce tolerance versus AMPA and OGD toxicity, suggesting that 2‐AG is responsible for the DHPG‐induced tolerance. In conclusion, preconditioning with NMDA or DHPG promotes differential neuroprotective mechanisms: NMDA by internalization of GluA1‐AMPA receptors, DHPG by producing the endocannabinoid 2‐AG.
image
Accuracy of the Implant Replica Positions on the Complete Edentulous Additive Manufactured Cast
Authors: Olea‐Vielba Marina , Jareño‐García Daniel , Methani Mohammed M. , Martinez‐Klemm Iñaki , Revilla‐León Marta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the implant replica position accuracy on a duplicated complete edentulous maxillary implant definitive cast made either using conventional procedures or material jetting additive manufacturing (AM) technology using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM).Material and methodsA complete edentulous maxillary cast with 6 implant replicas was prepared. The definitive cast was duplicated using two manufacturing procedures namely conventional (CNV group) and additive manufacturing procedures (AM group). On the CNV, an AM Co‐Cr framework and a custom AM custom tray with a polyether impression material were used to obtain an impression of the definitive cast at room temperature (23°C). On the AM group, the definitive cast was digitized using a laboratory scanner. The standard tessellation language (STL) file was exported and used to manufacture the polymeric AM specimens using a multijet printer following manufacturer´s recommendations. A new digital implant replica was located on each corresponding housing of each AM specimen. A total of 10 specimens per group was obtained. A CMM was selected to measure the position of each implant replica on the definitive cast, CNV, and AM specimens. Linear and angular discrepancies were computed for each specimen. Thus, the Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze the data (p = 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference in x‐, y‐, and z‐ linear and XZ angular discrepancy between both groups. However, the AM group revealed a significantly higher median YZ angular discrepancy than the CNV group (p = 0.007).ConclusionsMaterial jetting AM technology demonstrated no significant difference in trueness and precision values of the linear and angular implant replica positions when compared to the conventional technique.
Fibrolytic enzymes improving in vitro rumen degradability of tropical forages
Authors: Sakita Gabriel Zanuto , Bompadre Thiago Francisco Ventoso , Dineshkumar Dhanasekaran , Lima Paulo de Mello Tavares , Abdalla Filho Adibe Luiz , Campioni Tania Sila , de Oliva Neto Pedro , Bremer Neto Herman , Louvandini Helder , Abdalla Adibe Luiz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDuring specific times of the year, especially dry seasons, tropical forages typically have poor nutritional value due to high contents of neutral and acid detergent fibres, and low crude protein in their composition, which may reduce productivity of ruminant livestock production and lead to increased enteric methane (CH4) emissions per unit of generated product in forage‐bases systems. In order to increase fibre degradability and the efficiency of energy utilisation from low‐quality forages, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes have been studied. In this assay, we evaluated the effects of increasing dose levels of fibrolytic enzymes extract (FEE) produced by Trichoderma reesei on in vitro rumen organic matter degradability, fermentation parameters, total gas and CH4 production of tropical forages. Forage samples were analysed for their bromatological composition, and enzyme activity from FEE was performed for xylanase and endoglucanase. The in vitro gas production technique was used in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement with five FEE dose levels (0, 5, 50, 500 and 5,000 µl) and three substrates (Cynodon spp., Panicum maximum and Cenchrus ciliaris L.). The highest dose level of FEE increased degradability, total gas and CH4 production in all substrates (p < .05). Butyrate concentration also increased while acetate:propionate ratio and pH decreased with the addition of FEE (p < .05). These results indicated that the use of fibrolytic enzymes can be a reliable strategy to improve degradability of low‐quality forages, contributing to the sustainability and intensification of livestock production in tropical countries.
Teachers and Supervisors Negotiating Identities of Experience and Power in Feedback Talk
Authors: DONAGHUE HELEN 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the identities constructed and negotiated during work‐based talk between in‐service English language teachers and a supervisor during dyadic post‐observation feedback meetings. Meetings were recorded with participants working in a tertiary institution in a Gulf state. Microanalysis of discourse excerpts shows how both participants (i.e., supervisor and teacher) negotiate identities of power and experience. Analysis reveals that identities are fluid and co‐constructed and that power can shift between interactants, regardless of institutional status. Analysis is framed within the ambiguous but influential role of feedback and aims to understand how identities shape and are shaped by the goal of the meeting. In this context, identities of experience and power are prioritized, so feedback is primarily evaluative, despite institutional requirements that a focus on teacher development should be included. This compromises the ultimate aim of improving teaching and learning within the institution. Implications of this study include practical recommendations for supervisor training and critical review of institutional observation forms as well as a call for more language teacher identity research to focus on in‐service teachers and on situated work‐based talk.
Effect of geometric dimensions and material models of the periodontal ligament in orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Shokrani Parinaz , Hashemi Ata , Bostan Shirin Mehdi , Oskui Iman Z. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present work was set to explore the role of root diameter, root length, and thickness of periodontal ligament (PDL) and its material properties (linear and non‐linear elastic material models) on the stress and strain distribution, tooth displacement and centre of resistance (CR) location.Setting and Sample PopulationBoth the bone and the tooth were considered as rigid bodies, and the PDL was modelled as a paraboloid with different geometric dimensions and material properties.Materials and MethodsTo achieve this goal, a horizontal force of 1 N was applied in the CR location and the stress and strain distribution and tooth displacement were quantified. Locations of CR were estimated through iterative finite element procedure.ResultsIt was predicted that the position of CR is in the range of 34%‐39% of the root length, slightly higher than one‐third of the root length reported in the literature. The geometrical dimensions of the PDL had no significant effect on the position of CR, especially in the non‐linear material model of the PDL, while the initial displacement of the tooth was found to be highly dependent on the geometrical and mechanical properties of the PDL.ConclusionThe simplified PDL modelling approach with non‐linear material behaviour can be suggested for the estimation of initial tooth movement for individual clinical applications without the use of advanced 3D scans.