bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maria - et forbillede for kristne? Grundtvigs syn på Jomfru Maria
Authors: Ditlevsen Kirsten 
Published: September 2020

Mary - a Model for Christians..... ? Grundtvig’s View of Virgin MaryBy Kirsten DitlevsenThe Protestant Church has always tended to keep warily aloof from the Virgin Mary, and still does. After the Reformation, Mary played a very insignificant role in the church, at least up to the time of Grundtvig. The fact is that Grundtvig begins to take an interest in Mary, inspired by the church father Irenaeus. Grundtvig compares Eve in the Garden of Eden with Mary in Nazareth. Both women were met with an angel’s talk. A false angel beguiled Eve into violating the word of God; while a true angel came to Mary to announce to her that she was to give birth to the Saviour of the world. Mary immediately accepted being part of God’s plan of salvation, thus excusing Eve, her mother. In the words of Irenaeus: Mary’s virgin obedience makes up for Eve’s virgin disobedience.Inspired by Irenaeus, Grundtvig sees Mary as a guarantee of the humanity of Jesus. Jesus had a true human being as his mother, and Grundtvig describes her as an entirely ordinary mother, definitely not infallible. She is conscious that she is a humble and poor woman, whom God had granted His grace. Mary had not imagined that she should be found worthy of meeting and conversing with an angel, as it happened at the Annunciation. But nothing is impossible to God.Grundtvig makes Mary into a model for Christians because she trusts Jesus fully and firmly at the wedding in Cana; in the same manner we should trust Him so that he will help us as He helped His mother.Grundtvig also makes Mary an image of the church. Grundtvig speaks about the spiritual Virgin Mary as the mother of all Christians, i.e., the congregation. A spiritual mother is as necessary for human life as a physical mother, says Grundtvig. In the same way as the Holy Ghost overshadows the Virgin Mary, so the Holy Ghost overshadows the spiritual Virgin Mary - the congregation of the Lord.In Mary we are faced clearly with the true Christian heart. Mary believed in God with all her heart, and thus her faith is a model for how we must take in the word of God.In many of his sermons Grundtvig gives a high priority to what he sees as characteristically .female., in particular in the sermons from the 1850s. Women think with their hearts, while men think with their reason; thus women have a deeper understanding of Our Lord and His Gospel.Grundtvig advocates the idea that women too should be able to preach the Gospel, for just as it was a woman who gave birth to the Son of God, so the great Gospel about the Crucified and Resurrected was also born by a woman’s lips. And Jesus himself had the most loving relationship to women, Grundtvig says, and treated them as equals to men, so the example of Jesus must be sufficient recommendation for his servants, the clergymen. Grundtvig gives a higher priority to women and women’s experience in his sermons; thus, since half of Christendom are after all women, there is certainly reason enough to study his sermons.
Vær velkommen Herrens Aar og velkommen herhid!
Authors: Holm Jette 
Published: September 2020

Vær velkommen Herrens Aar og velkommen herhid![Be welcomed Year of the Lord and be welcomed hither!]By Jette HolmGrundtvig’s two hymns entitled Vær velkommen Herrens Aar og velkommen herhid!, for Advent and the New Year, respectively, were written for the First Sunday of Advent 1849 and New Year’s Day 1850 and sung at Vartov. Grundtvig’s son Svend Grundtvig, a scholar and a collector of folksongs, had published an old manuscript in Dansk Kirketidende on 2 December 1849: Wer welkommen, Herrens Aar, och wellkommen herre! An old text for the New Year, with the same beginning, was mentioned as well.N. F. S. Grundtvig was so delighted with the expression “Vær velkommen Herrens Aar og velkommen herhid” that in his sermon on the First Sunday of Advent 1849 he called it “ret et ægte Dansk Hosianna, hvor Munden taler af Hjertets Overflødighed” (“indeed a true Danish Hosianna in which the mouth speaks from the heart’s plenty”). (Fasc. 41).The sermons on the First Sunday of Advent 1849 and on New Year’s Day1850, in which Grundtvig preaches on his two new hymns, have never beenpublished and therefore have been transcribed for Grundtvig-Studier from hismanuscript in Fasc. 41.In his sermon on the Twenty-fifth Sunday after Trinity 1849, Grundtvighad realized for the first time that the old texts, i.e. the old lectionary authorized for use in the Sunday services of the Danish Lutheran Church, form a unity, created by the Holy Spirit. It is this “Herrens Aar” (Year of the Lord) with“Herrens Dag” (the Day of the Lord), with texts and sacraments that Grundtvigwelcomes in his hymns. At Advent just like the crowd in Jerusalem shoutingHosianna!In his sermon on the First Sunday of Advent, 1849, Grundtvig remindsthe congregation that the Year of the Lord brings Mercy, Peace and Joy forChristians. His hymn for Advent has four stanzas, one for Christmas, one forEaster and one for Pentecost, while the fourth sums up the whole Year of theLord with the Days of the Lord.In his sermon on New Year’s Day 1850, Grundtvig quotes the four newstanzas of his second hymn Vær velkommen Herrens Aar and clarifies thedifferences between the New Year of the Church and the civil New Year. Howcan Christians pray for the civil community and their home country? Denmarkwas at war 1848-51.For Christians the Kingdom of God is Justice, Peace and Joy in the HolySpirit. But God is also the Father and Creator of all men, the Lord of Truth,Mercy and Peace. Consequently, He delights in truthfulness, mildness and love of peace; and the Danish people in spite of its worldly poverty and weakness, embodies these values.
Differences in small noncoding RNAs profile between bull X and Y sperm
Authors: Zhou Hao , Liu Jiajia , Sun Wei , Ding Rui , Li Xihe , Shangguan Aishao , Zhou Yang , Worku Tesfaye , Hao Xingjie , Khan Faheem Ahmed , Yang Liguo , Zhang Shujun 
Published: September 2020

The differences in small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), including miRNAs, piRNAs, and tRNA-derived fragments (tsRNAs), between X and Y sperm of mammals remain unclear. Here, we employed high-throughput sequencing to systematically compare the sncRNA profiles of X and Y sperm from bulls (n = 3), which may have a wider implication for the whole mammalian class. For the comparison of miRNA profiles, we found that the abundance of bta-miR-652 and bta-miR-378 were significantly higher in X sperm, while nine miRNAs, including bta-miR-204 and bta-miR-3432a, had greater abundance in Y sperm (p < 0.05). qPCR was then used to further validate their abundances. Subsequent functional analysis revealed that their targeted genes in sperm were significantly involved in nucleosome binding and nucleosomal DNA binding. In contrast, their targeted genes in mature oocyte were significantly enriched in 11 catabolic processes, indicating that these differentially abundant miRNAs may trigger a series of catabolic processes for the catabolization of different X and Y sperm components during fertilization. Furthermore, we found that X and Y sperm showed differences in piRNA clusters distributed in the genome as well as piRNA and tsRNA abundance, two tsRNAs (tRNA-Ser-AGA and tRNA-Ser-TGA) had lower abundance in X sperm than Y sperm (p < 0.05). Overall, our work describes the different sncRNA profiles of X and Y sperm in cattle and enhances our understanding of their potential roles in the regulation of sex differences in sperm and early embryonic development.
Space‐Confined Yolk‐Shell Construction of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Inside N‐Doped Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Long‐Term Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Wang Bin , Ye Yuzhen , Xu Li , Quan Yu , Wei Wenxian , Zhu Wenshuai , Li Huaming , Xia Jiexiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of efficient, durable and inexpensive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with accelerated kinetics and high‐performance remain a grand challenge in the context of reversible metal–air batteries. Herein, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles inside N‐doped hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (N/HCSs) yolk‐shell structure (Fex@N/HCSs) is constructed as an excellent bifunctional electrocatalyst for ORR and OER via an innovative approach. The N/HCSs effectively control and confine in situ growth of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using the melting‐diffusion strategy via capillary force and significantly improve the conductivity and structural stability of the hybrid material. The constructed yolk‐shell structured Fe20@N/HCSs ecosystem with Fe–Nx active sites exhibits excellent ORR and OER activity and stability, which even surpass commercial grade Pt/C, RuO2, IrO2 and many reported catalysts. Moreover, the zinc–air battery assembled with Fe20@N/HCSs as a cathode achieves high open circuit voltage (1.57 V), large power density (140.8 mW cm−2), and excellent long‐term cycling performance (over 300 h), revealing superior performance compared to commercial Pt/C + RuO2. This work provides a new avenue for the design and optimization of other high‐performance yolk‐shell materials with nanoscale confinement structures.
Multisite response of sugarcane to nitrogen rates and split application under Brazilian field conditions
Authors: Otto Rafael , Souza‐Netto Gerson José Marquesi de , Ferraz‐Almeida Risely , Altarugio Lucas Miguel , Favarin José Laércio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBrazil is the world's largest sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) producer, with 8.5 million ha and 643 million t of stalks produced annually. Sugarcane production has a significant impact in the Brazilian economy due to the large production of sugar, ethanol, and energy. The low N use efficiency is a challenge for sugarcane production and may be due to a lack of synchrony between fertilizer application and maximum N demand. This study tested the hypothesis that split N application can improve sugarcane yield by matching fertilizer application and crop demand. We conducted 25 green sugarcane field trials in south‐central Brazil (15 in the first ratoon stage [Year 1] and 10 in the second ratoon stage [Year 2]) divided into three harvest periods: autumn, winter, and spring. We adopted a factorial design at the autumn and winter sites, evaluating N rates and methods of application (total or split), and a complete block design in spring, evaluating N rates. Measurements included stalk yield, total recoverable sugars, and sugar yield. Nitrogen responsiveness was higher in sugarcane harvested in autumn compared with winter or spring. Split N application (i.e., applying half of the N soon after harvest and half at the beginning of the rainy season) showed the potential to increase yields by 3–7 Mg ha−1 in autumn but not in winter. Among the seven responsive sites, the yield gain was 9–10.5 Mg ha−1, and the average yield at 0.8 kg N Mg−1 was statistically similar to those at 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 kg N Mg−1.
Incorporation of norbixin in biodegradable alginate films crosslinked with Ca2+: Pro‐oxidant action
Authors: de Farias Yuri Buratto , Coutinho Anderson Kaiszewski , Tupuna‐Yerovi Diego Santiago , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlginate is a biopolymer with film‐forming properties that can be used as food packaging material. Norbixin is a carotenoid with antioxidant properties, commonly used as a natural food coloring. The research objective was to create calcium‐crosslinked alginate films and incorporated with norbixin concentrations (N%) of 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.50% (g norbixin/g alginate). The polymer matrix helped to retard the thermal degradation of norbixin during the drying process and decreased leaching losses during the crosslinking process. The addition of norbixin influenced film opacity in ultraviolet light (all N%) and visible light (higher N%), causing an increase in red‐yellow coloration. Only the higher N% influenced the water vapor permeability of film. Norbixin thus improved the overall barrier properties of the crosslinked sodium alginate film, with a 0.50 N% showing the most promising results. When used as sunflower oil packaging, films with a N% above 0.10 provided pro‐oxidant activity during storage.
Laboratory investigation of cracking resistance performance of the cold‐mixed epoxy resin
Authors: Yu Xin , Ding Gongying , Dong Fuqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCold‐mix epoxy resin (CER) is an excellent binder material but with weak crack resistance and brittle failure risk. Therefore, it is of significance to find a feasible parameter to constrain the failure potential. To this end, the dynamic mechanical test, tensile test, volume shrinkage test, fracture test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze and evaluate mechanical properties, curing shrinkage, and fracture toughness of the CER. Subsequently, the bivariate correlation analysis was used to feature the relationship among different indicators. The results indicated that the amount of curing agent has a significant influence on the tensile strength, elongation at break, volume shrinkage, fracture toughness, and plastic radius of CER. Meanwhile, there is a close correlation between tensile strength, elongation at break, and fracture toughness. Fracture toughness can be used as an evaluation index to represent the crack resistance of CER, and tensile test can be used as a confirmatory parameter. However, the volume shrinkage of CER cannot be ignored. Small voids distributed on the fracture surface of the CER can increase the toughness and then improve the crack resistance of the CER through SEM analysis.
Reflections on the influence of a synthesis of circle‐hook evidence on the angling community and conservation policy and practice
Authors: Cooke Steven J. , Suski Cory D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Understanding how different forms of environmental evidence inform the actions of different stakeholders is useful to improve how we share knowledge with knowledge users. Reflections on a literature review that we published in 2004 on circle hooks as a tool for fish conservation in the recreational fishing sector identified a number of ways in which that synthesis was influential.
The article has had direct influence on policy and regulations in a number of countries, but there were even more examples of where the article has been used to influence voluntary guidelines. The article also contributed to formally defining circle hooks, which was necessary from a regulatory and enforcement perspective.
The recreational fishing community has also embraced the work, with numerous angling articles based on the literature review appearing in the media and with some angler organizations pushing for the adoption of circle hooks. The fishing tackle industry has also responded with evidence that circle hooks are now more widely available in stores with more hook design options to suit diverse recreational fisheries. In addition, the influence of the article has extended beyond the recreational sector to commercial fishery issues that span several taxa. The research agenda from the article helped to direct research for more than a decade and has since been updated.
Overall, this review was timely in that it provided various knowledge users with credible information synthesized in a thoughtful manner at a time when there was interest and need in exploring circle hooks as a tool to enhance the conservation of angled fish. Although this was not a systematic review, it still served as a form of evidence synthesis that gave diverse knowledge users information to guide them in their decisions.
Conservation of Rapa Nui waters strongly supported by publications in Aquatic Conservation
Authors: Gaymer Carlos F. , Aburto Jaime A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

This paper describes how a series of papers published in Aquatic Conservation have had a clear impact on the conservation process run at Rapa Nui by the Chilean Government and the Rapanui community.
Exploratory expeditions set the scientific basis for the creation of Rapa Nui Multiple Use Marine Protected Area.
Past conservation initiatives lacked proper participative processes and were strongly resisted by the local communities.
Science transfer through capacity building was key for a local transformation towards embracing marine conservation objectives.
Publications showed the importance of participation, a good balance between political will and a local wish for protection of the sea, and the incorporation of a local worldview, for a successful conservation process.
Strong differences between the socio‐ecological systems in mainland Chile and that in Rapa Nui were recognized and helped to build a new conservation strategy for Rapa Nui between the Chilean Government and Rapanui community.
International experience exchanges also helped to develop the conservation process in Rapa Nui, and recent ecological studies will help future Marine Protected Area implementation.
Demonstrating the practical impact of publications in Aquatic Conservation – The case of crucian carp Carassius carassius in the East of England
Authors: Copp Gordon H. , Sayer Carl D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The contribution of nearly three decades of research, much of it published in Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems (AQC), to the conservation of the crucian carp Carassius carassius in the East of England, including work coordinated by the Norfolk Crucian Project, is summarized.
Although recent genetic studies indicate that this species was probably introduced to England about the same time as common carp Cyprinus carpio, the crucian carp is considered a cultural heritage species worthy of conservation in eastern England.
This research covers the environmental biology of the species in the East of England, documentation of the species' decline in the county of Norfolk, and the pond management practices implemented in Norfolk to rehabilitate existing and fully terrestrialized pond habitat specifically for crucian carp conservation.
The AQC papers that contributed to this line of research showed that England offers a particularly favourable environment for crucian carp growth and reproduction. These AQC articles provided the evidence base to complement crucian carp conservation initiatives in the London area (mainly the counties of Essex and Hertfordshire), as well as forming the basis for the designation of crucian carp as a Biodiversity Action Priority species in the county of Norfolk.
The broader impact of the work in the East of England was to inspire the recently‐formed English National Crucian Conservation Project, which aims to promote the conservation of crucian carp and its habitat, and to encourage the development of well‐managed crucian fisheries.
These evidence‐based conservation initiatives, perhaps the first throughout Europe, have witnessed a reversal of the species' fortunes in England, which is effectively an ideal geographical region in which to promote the conservation of this species within a wider, European context.
Regulation of Morphology and Electronic Structure of NiSe2 by Fe for High Effective Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Yunxiao , Chen Ru , Yan Dafeng , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the development of hydrogen‐energy economy, it is urgent for researchers to explore high effective non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nickel‐based selenides have good conductivity and easy to regulate, which make them to be a promising OER electrocatalysts. Hence, many researchers engineering the structure of Nickel‐based selenides to further improve the OER performance. In this paper, NixFe1‐xSe2 porous‐nano‐microspheres with different ratio were synthesized. Results confirm that Fe not only affects the number of active sites in NiSe2, but also affects the intrinsic activity by forming lattice defects. Besides, introduction of Fe can change the redox ability of Ni cation and Se anion, thus, reducing the average valence state of Ni cation in NiOOH. As a result, the current density of OER is improved remarkably. When the current density reaches 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential is only 285 mV.
Apoaequorin differentially modulates fear memory in adult and aged rats
Authors: Ehlers Vanessa L. , Smies Chad W. , Moyer James R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionCognitive deficits during aging are pervasive across species and learning paradigms. One of the major mechanisms thought to play a role in age‐related memory decline is dysregulated calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis. Aging is associated with impaired function of several calcium‐regulatory mechanisms, including calcium‐binding proteins that normally support intracellular Ca2+ regulation. This age‐related calcium‐binding protein dysfunction and changes in expression lead to disrupted maintenance of intracellular Ca2+, thus contributing to memory decline. Other work has found that age‐related cognitive deficits can be mitigated by either blocking Ca2+ entry into the cytosol or preventing its release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. However, the effect of calcium‐binding protein administration on cognitive function during aging is not well‐understood. Our laboratory has previously shown that the calcium‐binding protein apoaequorin (AQ) is neuroprotective during oxygen–glucose deprivation, a model of in vitro ischemia characterized by calcium‐induced excitotoxicity. The current experiments assessed the effect of direct dorsal hippocampal AQ infusion on trace and context fear memory in adult and aged rats.MethodsAdult (3–6 months) and aged (22–26 months) male F344 rats were randomly assigned to different experimental infusion groups before undergoing trace fear conditioning and testing. In experiment 1, rats received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of either vehicle or AQ (4% w/v) 24 hr before trace fear conditioning. In experiment 2, rats received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusions of either vehicle or 4% AQ 1 hr before trace fear conditioning and 1 hr before testing.ResultsAged rats displayed impaired trace and context fear memory. While a single AQ infusion 24 hr before trace fear conditioning was insufficient to rescue age‐related trace fear memory deficits, AQ infusion 1 hr before both conditioning and testing abolished age‐related context fear memory deficits.ConclusionsThese results suggest that intrahippocampal infusion of AQ may reverse aging‐related deficits in hippocampus‐dependent context fear memory.