bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI ANTIBAKTERI MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT AQUADEST DARI TIGA VARIASI EKSTRAK DAUN BAWANG BATAK (Allium chinense G. Don)
Authors: Fahmi Aliyah - 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian dengan judul “Uji Antibakteri Menggunakan Pelarut Aquadest Dari tiga Variasi Ekstrak Daun Bawang Batak (Allium Chinense G. Don)“ telah dilakukan. Untuk Uji Antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi berpelarut aquadest dengan konsentrasi yang sama 0.25% diperoleh diameter zona hambat dari ekstrak metanol dan etil asetat total serta residu ekstrak etil asetat dengan bakteri gram positif Bacillus cereus adalah (17.6,22,11.6) mm dan Streptococcus mutans (18.5,24,12)mm dan untuk bakteri gram negatif Salmonella thypii (16.4,22.4,12.4)mm sehingga disimpulkan bahwa ketiga ekstrak daun bawang batak tersebut dapat dikembangkan sebagai zat antimikroba dimana yang paling kuat zona hambat dengan konsentrasi yang sama terdapat pada residu ekstrak etil asetat total diikuti oleh ekstrak metanol dan terakhir ekstrak etil asetat daun bawang batak (Allium chinense G. Don)
PEMERIKSAAN KUALITAS AIR MINUM ISI ULANG SECARA MIKROBIOLOGIS
Authors: Rahmiati Rahmiati 
Published: April 2020

Air minum merupakan kebutuhan esensial bagi manusia. Sebanyak 70% komposisi tubuh manusia adalah air. Air minum dibutuhkan untuk memenuhi asupan cairan tubuh agar terhindar dari dehidrasi. Manfaat lainnya adalah menjaga kesehatan kulit, melindungi saraf dan jaringan tubuh. Salah satu sumber air siap minum yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat adalah air minum isi ulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air minum isi ulang secara mikrobiologis. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Universitas Medan Area dengan metode most probable number (MPN). Sampel penelitian berasal dari 5 sumber air minum isi ulang di Kecamatan Medan Selayang Kota Medan. Tiga tahapan penting dalam penelitian yaitu uji pendugaan, uji penegasan dan uji lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 40% sampel air minum isi ulang positif mengandung bakteri coliform fecal dan Escherichia coli.
PREFERENSI BURUNG TERHADAP POHON MAHANG INDIA (Macaranga indica Weight, 1852) DI RESORT SEI BETUNG TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER
Authors: Pradwinata Ricky , Sudibyo Mufti , Ritonga Yusran Efendi 
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis burung yang berkunjung, kelimpahan, nilai frekuensi, faktor penentu kehadiran, mengetahui apa saja yang dimanfaatkan dan tingkat hubungan burung dengan fisik pohon mahang india. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Survey Bird Watching di 24 pohon mahang india yang didasari pada metode Stratified Sampling. Data di analisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik analisis regresi linear berganda metode strepwise dan uji korelasi Pearson menggunakan software SPSS 22.0. Hasil yang diperoleh 397 ekor burung yang terdiri 22 spesies dan 13 famili. Nilai frekuensi tertinggi diperoleh oleh spesies Zosterops palpebrosus (23,96%). Pohon mahang india (Macaranga indica Weight, 1852) lebih banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat makan (61,46%), sebagai tempat singgah atau istirahat (25,19%), tempat bermain atau berkicau (12,09%) dan sebagai tempat menyelisik bulu (1,26%). Tingkat hubungan antara jumlah burung dengan tinggi pohon masuk kedalam kategori sedang (0,46), jumlah burung dengan lebar tajuk dan lama waktu kunjungan dengan tinggi pohon rendah (0,27 dan 0,22) dan lama waktu kunjungan dengan lebar tajuk sangat rendah (0,12).
EFFECT OF IONIC STRENGTH FROM DIFFERENT SALT RESOURCES ON BORON ADSORPTION IN CALCAREOUS SOIL
Authors: Nasser K. M. 
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted in the laboratories of Soil and water resources Department, College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering, University of Baghdad for the purpose of disclosing the effect of ionic strength from different salt mixtures on the adsorption of Boron in a silty clay loam calcareous soil taken from the prior location of the college of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib, after a quite equilibrium of Boron solution prepared from Boric acid at( 0, 1, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20) μmole B.ml-1 at 298 Kalvin. Three solutions with different ionic strength were used( 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) mole.L-1 of four different salts CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl and composed salt of the three salts at 3:1:1 ratios respectively. Langmuir single surface line equation was used for better description of the reactions of Boron adsorption in soil.Results showed a significant increase in Boron adsorbed quantity in soil with the increase of the applied Boron. The increase in ionic strength led to a significant increase in adsorbed Boron for all salts with different rates. These different salts showed significant differences in adsorbed quantity of Boron, where CaCl2 treatment was exceeded followed by MgCl2, mixture salt, then NaCl treatments as an averages of the three ionic strengths where it reached (68.95, 65.26, 58.38 and 44.37) μmole B.gm-1 soil respectively and at maximum adsorption capacity (Xm) at (58.26, 55.92, 47.90, 46.17) mg B. Kg-1 soil, while bonding energy to soil particles (K) was (0.279, 0.244, 0.244 and 0.125) ml μ B for the mentioned salts respectively. In general, soil is considered to have a high maximum adsorption capacity (42.88 mg B.Kg-1 soil) and low bonding energy (0.216 ml μ-1 B) .
PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKEN FED DIFFERENT LEVELS THYME, ADIANTUM, ROSEMARY AND THEIR COMBINATION
Authors: & et al. TAYEB 
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of medical plants (thymus vulgaris, Adiantum capillus-veneris L, Rosemarinus officinalis and their combination) supplemented in the diet on Physiological and Growth performance traits of broiler chicken. T1 Control (no supplemented), T2 Thyme powder 5 g/kg, T3 Thyme powder 10 g/kg, T4 Adiantum powder 3 g/kg, T5 Adiantum powder 5 g/kg, T6 Rosemary powder 5 g/kg, T7 Rosemary powder 10 g/kg and T8 Mixture (Thyme , Adiantum and Rosemary) with 7.5 g/kg +4 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg, respectively. A Total of 288 unsexed broiler chicks, were randomly distributed to eight treatments with three replicate. Medical plants at different levels added to basal diets at 7th days old. Live body weight and mortality rates were measured weekly. At the end of the experiment the following traits were measured: carcass traits, hematology, blood biochemical, hormonal responses, and serum enzymes parameters. There is a significant effect of medicinal plants on live body weight, feed intake and dressing percentage. Mortality rate in T2 and T7 was significant highest. While, feed conservation was not influenced by medicinal plants. There was a significant effect of treatments on abdominal fat and liver weights. Adiantum powder at different levels has significant effect on bursa and spleen weights compared to other groups. There was a significant effect of treatments on albumin, globulin, cholesterol and glucose concentration. Medicinal plants significantly affect hormonal response. The combination of plants (T8) investigated high concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. Also, addition of rosemary observed higher concentration of TSH and GH hormones. There was significant effect of medical plants on AST and ALT enzymes. There is none significant effect of medical plants on meat color among treatment.
CONSEQUENCES OF NEW APPROACH IN PRODUCTION SYSTEM OF LOCAL KURDISH SLOW-GROWING BROILERS
Authors: & AL-Sardary Mustafa 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of new production system of local Kurdish slow-growing broilers with special emphasis on organic technique. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks mixed local slow-growing broiler genotype were distributed randomly into six treatments: (T1) control, feeding ad libitum commercial diet (indoor), (T2) feeding ad libitum organic (indoor), (T3) feeding commercial % 75+ pasture, (T4) feeding organic % 75+ pasture, (T5) feeding commercial ad libitum + pasture, and (T6) feeding organic ad libitum + pasture. Each treatment consists of 60 birds with three replicates per treatment, 20 birds replicate. The results indicated that organic group treatment (T6) that fed ad libitum feed and pasture had the highest body weight and weight gain. Meanwhile it had the lowest feed intake and better FCR. Fatty acids contents between treatments found to have significant differences for both organic and commercial feed. Significant differences were found when compared treatments to each other. Raising slow-growing chickens under different system and feeding organic feed at a different level have had a potential effect on their performances and profile of fatty acids, and amino acids of their meat. It was concluded that feeding chicken organic feed ad libitum and allowing to access to the pasture performed better than all other treatment groups. Significant differences were found among treatments for sensory evaluation. Organic treatments and commercial treatments under same condition were not found any significant differences.
MEASURING RETURNSS TO SCALE, DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY AND ESTIMATING WHEAT PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN DHI QAR PROVINCE
Authors: & et al. Barbaz 
Published: April 2020

The aim of this research was to estimate the production function to measure returns to scale and distribution efficiency of resources used in the production of wheat. Cross sectional data used of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar Province. The results of the quantitative analysis of estimating production function showed that the double logarithmic form was the best estimated model based on economic and statistical indicators. However, that form suffered from heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, so the robust regression technique was chosen. Value of returns to scale was 0.89 and this indicates decreasing returns to scale. This means that production function is in the second stage of the function. The results of the distributional efficiency study showed that the resources used in the production of the crop were not optimized as they amounted to 1.28 for the human labor resource and 20.6 for the capital. There was a shortage in the use of labor resource and capital for the optimal use that achieves economic efficiency and this caused low efficiency of crop production. Therefore, the research recommends the need to increase the amount of human labor in the wheat crop farms in Dhi Qar province, which would move the production function curve to a higher level in order to achieve the economic efficiency of the crop cultivation in the province on the one hand and return the farmers to production in the rational stage. Also, it is important to have the proper allocation of resources available by farmers, which has the effect of increasing the economic efficiency of those resources, which will in turn reflects on the efficiency of crop production.
PERSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE AgNPs EFFECT ON THE MATERNAL AND EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN ALBINO RATS
Authors: & et al. Ali 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to displayed effect of this nanoparticles on pregnant mother and embryos. All females administration of AgNPs suspension orally during the gestational period (for 21day) in two doses low 2mg and high dose 20 mg /Kg body weight and the control group received D.W only. The pregnant females (60 females) include the control group and the treated group was subdivided in to two groups, pre and post implantation and all the mothers weighted along the study. The embryos and their brains after retrieved weighted and the crow-rump length (CRL) measurement also. The results showed that the active form of Ag can be transport the placental barrier and blood brain barrier (BBB). This nanoparticles showed adverse effect and produced decreased in mothers weights in low dose 2mg/Kg/ B.Wt and higher dose 20mg/Kg/ B.Wt. Weights of embryos were lower clearly after exposure to AgNPs compare to control group. On the other hand, the weights of embryo's brain were decreased compare of control group in both doses. The CRL of embryos lowered after exposure to AgNPs in treatment groups when compare to control group.
MORPHOLOGICAL, ANATOMICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION STUDIES OF SPECIES Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) IN IRAQ
Authors: Al-Masoudi R. K. H. 
Published: April 2020

This research aims to study the morphological anatomical characteristics and geographical distribution of the species Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) belong to Brassicaceae family in Iraq. The results were revealed the morphological characteristics of the root, stem, leaves, fruits and seeds, abaxial surface of the leaf characterized by covered with simple hairs. The fruits were circular in shape with wide wing and have one seed. The seeds were conical shape and pustular surface configuration. The anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, and leaf were studied and the cross-section of the root was characterized by thick periderm layer and cortex layer consisting primarily of parenchyma cells, stem cross section was characterized by thick layer of cuticle, as well as epidermis layer that followed the cuticle layer was double epidermis, but the layer of phloem is composed of rectangular cells and arranged in a continuous ring. Cross section of leaf was bifacial , leaf contains palisade cells in the form of a rectangle at the top surface of the leaf and irregular spongy cells at the low surface and distinguish the middle vein of the leaf as a circular shape. The epidermis was characterized by an Anisocytic type. The study of geographical distribution has been shown that the species is widespread in the desert region of Iraq.
GIS TECHNIQUES FOR MAPPING OF WIND SPEED OVER IRAQ
Authors: & Al-Timimi Adeeb 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to use GIS techniques in climate studies. Analysis of monthly wind speed data for the period 1981 to 2017, and mapping of monthly, seasonal and annual wind speed in Iraq has been investigated in this study. The area of study was divided into three regions. the results of Mann Kendall test of the middle and southern region reveal a significant decreasing trend in the months of the summer season. While positive trends of mean wind speed were found in the northern region for the whole period. Wind speed value reaches its highest value in (Jun and July), and the lowest value of wind speed was in December. Seasonal wind speeds show the highest values recorded in the summer and spring seasons and the lowest in the autumn and winter seasons. Wind speed maps were obtained using IDW techniques in G I S, the results show that the annual average of wind speed in the northern, middle and southern regions was 2.7 m/s, 3.6 m/s and 4.1 m/s respectively. While the annual average of wind speed in the study area "Iraq" was 3.6 m/s. The winds were low in the northern region compared to the middle and southern regions. The wind speed maps show the appropriate sites for the installation of wind turbines.
ROLE OF SOME AROMATIC ESSENTIAL OIL ON IMMUNE STATUS AGAINST INFECTIOUS BRONICHITIS VACCINE AND LIPID PROFILE OF BROILER CHICKEN
Authors: Ulaiwi A. H. 
Published: April 2020

This study evaluates the role of some aromatic essential oil (AEOs) (Eucalyptus oil, Mint oil, L-Menthol, and Thyme oil) with different methods of administration, antibody titer of infectious bronchitis virus (IBv) vaccine with different routes of vaccination, and value of total lipid profile. The study is designed as follows { T1:Oral method for each them (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily + vaccination against IBv-H120.T2: Spray method for each them (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly + vaccination against IBv-H120.T3: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.T4: Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly plus oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily with oral vaccination IBv-H120.with spray vaccination against IBv-H120.T5:Oral method (AEOs) (0.2 ml/L) daily without vaccination.T6:Spray method (AEOs) (2 ml/L) twice weekly without vaccination.T7:Control negative (not treated and not vaccinated)}. The result of IBv titer showed that T4 and T2 had a significant difference among groups and in different ages. Also the result of lipid profile showed T3 and T4 had significant difference among groups. In conclusion the spray method of vaccination with different route of administration of (AEOs) was given the best antibody titer against IBv., and the mixing rout of administration of (AEOs) on total lipid profile (Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, VLDL and LDL) was the best on the single rate of administration of (AEOs).
INVESTIGATION OF ACTIVE COMPOUND IN CLOVE (Syzygium aromaticum) EXTRAC AND COMPARED WITH INHIBITORS OF GROWTH OF SOME TYPES OF BACTERIA CAUSING FOOD POISONING
Authors: Karm I. F. A. 
Published: April 2020

Antimicrobial properties of Syzygium aromaticum were investigated and phytochemical active groups were done, clove oil contain a unique active compound known as eugenol was extracted and isolated to be tested. Four different pathogenic bacterial strains (Staphylococcus auras, Listeria monocyogenes, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli) were obtained and isolated from contaminated food, three concentrations for the plant (eugenol extract) were prepared to be a treatments, T1, T2 and T3 with percentage of 100%, 50%, 25% respectively. Antimicrobial activity was measured by using disc diffusion method and the best treatment was T1, which tested for eugenol qualitative and quantitative activity that was determined by using (HPLC). The results showed that the inhibition zones were increased with the increasing of concentrations of eugenol extract thus it was very clearly that the results encourage the use of natural Sources like some plants or some parts of plants to solve some problems done by bacteria activities that cause food poisoning. .
EXTEND THE SHELF LIFE AND IMPROVING SENSORY PROPERTIES OF WHITE SOFT CHEESE BY ADDING CELERY …..LEAVES
Authors: & et al. Awda 
Published: April 2020

This study was aime to investigate the effect of addition different concentration of celery leaves to white soft cheese ,Treated cheese between 2018-2019, ,The finely Celery (Apium graveolens) leaves were adding to crude white cheese after texturizing in three leveles included (A,B,C) in addition of control antimicrobial activity of celery treated cheese against total account bacteria and coliform bacteria was estimated during (0, 5, 10, 15, 20) days. The results were shown that the higher concentration of celery in treated cheese, had a lower concentration of protein, lipid and ash content ( 16.81,15.13 and 4.30% respectively, but it had a higher moisture content 59.50%.also the total bacteria counts were decreasing significantly (0.05 P)with accumulative of cheese during astorage periods, it was reached to 1.3x105 , 9.5x103, 9x103, 7.62x103 , 1.05x104 (cfu/g) respectively comparing with control samples,the number of coliform bacterial in celery treated cheese, at concentrations 15% was achieved significant difference comparing with other samples ( 8x103,10.2x104, 9.7x104 , 8.9x105, 9.5x107( log cfu/g ) respectively.
COATING OF ORANGE FRUIT WITH NANO-SILVER PARTICLES TO MINIMIZING HARMFUL ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY CHEMICAL FUNGICIDE
Authors: & et al. Khaleel 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the coating of nanoparticles to minimizing harmful of chemical fungicide in fruit industrial sector. The Effects of coating fruit surface with different concentrations of Nano-silver on the development of mycelium growth of, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger during storage were estimated. Coated treatments with silver recorded fully reduction of the fungal growth (100%,) on surface of fruit with concentration of 50 ppm and 100 ppm as compared with uncoated samples and fungicide. Also, the treatment with 100ppm of silver showed a significant decrease in weight loss compared with uncoated fruit. Application of nanotechnology can be an important way to replacing chemical fungicides in agricultural sector in future with regard controlling fungal post-harvest rot in stored fresh fruit.
BACILLUS MEGATERIUM BIODEGRADATION GLYCOPHATE
Authors: & et al. Mousa 
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to evaluate the Bacillus megatrium ability to growth and degradated the organophosphorus pesticides, Glyphosate. , Bacillus megaterium was isolated from Iraqi Soils and identification by morphological and biochemical tests beside a Sperber’s Medium as selectivity media. The best growth results were in (2- 60) days, had the same growth for both (5, 25) ppm on MSM. The best degradation rate ability % were in (25) ppm /60 days (70.9)%. The increasing in incubation show increasing of degradation ration% of Glyphosate via HPLC specially after 60 days , the best ration were for (25)ppm .The result is the B. megaterium used the Glyphosate as source for carbon and phosphorus and suggest could be well exploited for bioremediation of Glyphosate contaminated sites.
COMPARISON BETWEEN CHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OAK FOREST AND BARE CULTIVATED SOILS IN IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION
Authors: & et al. Abdullah 
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted during 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018, which aimed to determine chemical and mineralogical properties of oak forest and bare cultivated soils at 6 locations in Iraqi Kurdistan region, the samples were collected from two depths (0 – 30) and (30 – 60) cm. The study included some chemical and physical properties and identification of clay minerals from X-ray diffraction data. Peak height is used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because measuring started from 5θ so that’s why we cannot differentiated between Chlorite and Semectite in that treatment. The main results indicated that the organic matter, clay content and CEC values in forest soils were higher than their values in bare cultivated soils, swelling chlorite being the dominant mineral in these soils. While the miner clay mineral at that locations were Kaolinite. Mica was identified at all location, while the dominant type of Mica at forest soils was Muscovite which was obtained from 4 Locations, while Mica Biotite was dominant in bare cultivated soils which was obtained from 4 sites.