bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of chemical shrinkage evolution with curing degree of a filled epoxy adhesive
Authors: Holst T , Sayer F , Antoniou A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An epoxy adhesive system, commonly used in wind turbine blade manufacturing, is experimentally investigated with respect to its chemical shrinkage behavior to show the shrinkage evolution within rotor blade production related process conditions. Therefore, a new test configuration is set up to record the resulting chemical shrinkage of the adhesive at cross-linking temperatures ranging from 20°C to 90°C. The respective conversion evolution is simulated under several temperature conditions through a curing kinetics model. This is generated with state of the art formulations, implementing test results from a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Moreover, the transformation of the curing degree to the corresponding glass transition temperature (Tg
) is performed through an experimentally based Di-Benedetto curve-fitting. By the combination of curing kinetics and chemical shrinkage test data, a model for the temperature and conversion dependant chemical shrinkage evolution during cure is developed. This is applied to a realistic curing cycle for adhesive materials in rotor blade production.
Combatting rain erosion of offshore wind turbine blades by co-bonded thermoplastic-thermoset hybrid composites
Authors: Seyyed Monfared Zanjani Jamal , Baran Ismet , Akkerman Remko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An integrated thermoplastic-thermoset hybrid leading edge protection system is developed based on the co-bonding process. Co-bonding is a joining method in which a prefabricated part joints with a thermoset composite during the curing process. In such a multi-material hybrid design, the reliability of the bonding between the prefabricated protection layer and the main body of the blade is of crucial importance to prevent any delamination failures. Nevertheless, the adhesion of prefabricated thermoplastics to the thermoset remains a challenge as the interphase between two dissimilar materials is prone to form defects and irregularities. Such interface defects may lead to early failure and reduced structural integrity of the components. Therefore, the focus of this study is on achieving a strong, and reliable bonding between the prefabricated thermoplastic leading edge protection system and thermoset main body of the blade. In this study, the effect of processing temperature on the interphase quality and thickness during the co-bonding process is investigated. Next, mechanical characteristics and microstructure of the interphases are examined by Vickers’ microhardness tests. The effect of processing condition on the fracture toughness of structure is examined by climbing drum peel tests (CDP). Finally, fractography investigations are used to provide an understanding of failure mechanisms and its correlations with interphase morphology and microstructure.
Air-to-air atmospheric pressure plasma treatment – perspective for composite manufacturing
Authors: Fang Cheng , Jonas Hottentot Cederløf Daan , Bardenshtein Alexander , Kusano Yukihiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fibre-reinforced polymer composites are gaining increasing attention in various applications for constructing mechanical structures such as wind turbine blades. The interface between fibres and a polymer matrix should be optimally designed to promote the mechanical performance of the composites. Plasma treatment shows obvious advantages over conventional approaches, since it has the characteristic of environmental friendliness, low-cost, and easy operation. A plasma can be favourably generated at atmospheric pressure. One of the most commonly used atmospheric pressure plasmas is a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). In the present work, an air-to-air DBD is introduced. The DBD was generated in a gas mixture of helium and fluorocarbon between a rod-shaped water-cooled powered electrode covered with alumina and a one-dimensionally movable ground aluminium plate. Polyethylene terephthalate films were used as model specimens, and attached on the aluminium plate for the surface modification. The results indicate that specimen surfaces can be oxidized or fluorinated, depending on the conditions, and that the gap between the electrodes and gas flowrates significantly affect the treatment effect.
Understanding the mechanical response of glass and carbon fibres: stress-strain analysis and modulus determination
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Mikkelsen Lars P , Lilholt Hans , Madsen Bo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Accurate characterization of fibres is crucial for the understanding the properties and behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite materials. Fibre properties are key parameters for composite design, modelling and analysis. In this study, characterization of mechanical properties of glass and carbon fibres has been performed using a semi-automated single-fibre testing machine. Based on a sample set of 150 glass and carbon fibers fibres, engineering and true stress-strain curves are analyzed. Different modulus determination methods are discussed based on true stress-strain and tangent modulus-strain relationships. For glass fibres, the true stress-strain based tangent modulus is found to be independent of applied strain, whereas for carbon fibres, a tendency of tangent modulus to increase with applied strain is observed. The modulus of glass fibres is found to be independent of fibre diameter, whereas carbon fibres with smaller diameter show higher modulus compared with carbon fibres with larger diameters.
Effect of maximum load on cyclic crack growth in UD E-glass/vinyl ester composites with constant and alternating stitch density
Authors: Erives Anchondo Rubén I , Goutianos Stergios 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
DCB specimens, manufactured from composites with constant and alternating stitching density, are tested under pure mode I for static and cyclic loading. The tests are carried out for different maximum load values, but keeping the same R-ratio. The crack growth is recorded from pictures at different cycle intervals, and the energy release rate (ERR) is computed using an approach based on the J-Integral. Along with the crack-tip, the length of the fracture process zone (FPZ) is recorded with the number of cycles. A curve relating the crack growth rate (CGR) and the cyclic fracture resistance, ΔJ, which can be directly applied in the design/repair process of composite structures, is derived.
Preliminary multi-axial strain analysis in wind turbine blades under fatigue test loads
Authors: Castro Oscar , Branner Kim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A preliminary experimental characterization of the longitudinal, transverse, and shear strains in wind turbine blades under fatigue loading is presented in this study. For that, strains at different cross-section regions of a 14.3 m blade under different uni-axial and biaxial fatigue tests are recorded and analyzed. The results from this analysis provide initial indications on how current testing methods used to certify and characterize the fatigue response of wind turbine blade materials can be improved to better represent what the blades experience during testing. It is shown, for example, how some of the blade regions can experience high biaxiality strain ratios, and how some of these regions can also experience broad internal loading conditions, in terms of strain levels and load orientation (i.e., compression, tension-compression, and tension), depending on the test type.
Indian Golf Union and the Lingering Ghost of common law severability in India
Authors: Bhattacharya Aditya Prasanna , Tiwari Harsh , Makkar Kashish 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
While India formally recognizes the doctrine of severability of an arbitration agreement from the contract, this recognition gets strained when subjected to novation, or invalidation of the contract. Until the enactment of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996, the Supreme Court’s decision in Kishorilal validly held the field on the subject. However, the enactment of the Act muddled this clarity. The Act affirmed Kishorilal’s ratio on severability in the event of termination of contract, but reversed it in the event of novation. Yet, there are a series of decisions that have still chosen to rely upon Kishorilal—ignoring the effect of the Act. Therefore, severability has become the subject of great confusion under Indian law. The Calcutta High Court’s recent decision in Indian Golf Union brings this confusion to the forefront. We use this decision as a platform to trace the development of the doctrine under Indian law and propose a set of guiding principles to help demystify its application.
MetaTX: deciphering the distribution of mRNA-related features in the presence of isoform ambiguity, with applications in epitranscriptome analysis
Authors: Wang Yue , Chen Kunqi , Wei Zhen , Coenen Frans , Su Jionglong , Meng Jia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMotivationThe distribution of biological features strongly indicates their functional relevance. Compared to DNA-related features, deciphering the distribution of mRNA-related features is non-trivial due to the existence of isoform ambiguity and compositional diversity of mRNAs.ResultsWe propose here a rigorous statistical framework, MetaTX, for deciphering the distribution of mRNA-related features. Through a standardized mRNA model, MetaTX firstly unifies various mRNA transcripts of diverse compositions, and then corrects the isoform ambiguity by incorporating the overall distribution pattern of the features through an EM algorithm. MetaTX was tested on both simulated and real data. Results suggested that MetaTX substantially outperformed existing direct methods on simulated datasets, and that a more informative distribution pattern was produced for all the three datasets tested, which contain N6-Methyladenosine sites generated by different technologies. MetaTX should make a useful tool for studying the distribution and functions of mRNA-related biological features, especially for mRNA modifications such as N6-Methyladenosine.Availability and implementationThe MetaTX R package is freely available at GitHub: https://github.com/yue-wang-biomath/MetaTX.1.0.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Oscillation-Driven Memory Encoding, Maintenance, and Recall in an Entorhinal–Hippocampal Circuit Model
Authors: Kurikawa Tomoki , Mizuseki Kenji , Fukai Tomoki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the execution of working memory tasks, task-relevant information is processed by local circuits across multiple brain regions. How this multiarea computation is conducted by the brain remains largely unknown. To explore such mechanisms in spatial working memory, we constructed a neural network model involving parvalbumin-positive, somatostatin-positive, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-positive interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 and the superficial and deep layers of medial entorhinal cortex (MEC). Our model is based on a hypothesis that cholinergic modulations differently regulate information flows across CA1 and MEC at memory encoding, maintenance, and recall during delayed nonmatching-to-place tasks. In the model, theta oscillation coordinates the proper timing of interactions between these regions. Furthermore, the model predicts that MEC is engaged in decoding as well as encoding spatial memory, which we confirmed by experimental data analysis. Thus, our model accounts for the neurobiological characteristics of the cross-area information routing underlying working memory tasks.
HSCCC Separation of Three Main Compounds from the Crude Extract of Dracocephalum Tanguticum by Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Cosolvent
Authors: Yang Xue , Liu Yongling , Chen Tao , Wang Nana , Li Hongmei , Zhao Jingyang , Li Yulin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Separation of natural compounds directly from the crude extract is a challenging work for traditional column chromatography. In the present study, an efficient method for separation of three main compounds from the crude extract of Dracocephalum tanguticum has been successfully established by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The crude extract was directly introduced into HSCCC by using dimethyl sulfoxide as cosolvent. Ethyl acetate/n-butyl alcohol/0.3% glacial acetic acid (4: 1: 5, v/v) system was used and three target compounds with purity higher than 80% were obtained. Preparative HPLC was used for further purification and three target compounds with purity higher than 98% were obtained. The compounds were identified as chlorogenic acid, pedaliin and pedaliin-6″-acetate.
Profound Pathogen-Specific Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Composition Precede Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Longitudinal, Multicenter, Case-Control Study
Authors: el Manouni el Hassani Sofia , Niemarkt Hendrik J , Berkhout Daniel J C , Peeters Carel F W , Hulzebos Christian V , van Kaam Anton H , Kramer Boris W , van Lingen Richard A , Jenken Floor , de Boode Willem P , Benninga Marc A , Budding Andries E , van Weissenbruch Mirjam M , de Boer Nanne K H , de Meij Tim G J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of late-onset sepsis (LOS) in preterm infants is largely unexplored but could provide opportunities for microbiota-targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. We hypothesized that microbiota composition changes before the onset of sepsis, with causative bacteria that are isolated later in blood culture.

Methods
This multicenter case-control study included preterm infants born under 30 weeks of gestation. Fecal samples collected from the 5 days preceding LOS diagnosis were analyzed using a molecular microbiota detection technique. LOS cases were subdivided into 3 groups: gram-negative, gram-positive, and coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS).

Results
Forty LOS cases and 40 matched controls were included. In gram-negative LOS, the causative pathogen could be identified in at least 1 of the fecal samples collected 3 days prior to LOS onset in all cases, whereas in all matched controls, this pathogen was absent (P = .015). The abundance of these pathogens increased from 3 days before clinical onset. In gram-negative and gram-positive LOS (except CoNS) combined, the causative pathogen could be identified in at least 1 fecal sample collected 3 days prior to LOS onset in 92% of the fecal samples, whereas these pathogens were present in 33% of the control samples (P = .004). Overall, LOS (expect CoNS) could be predicted 1 day prior to clinical onset with an area under the curve of 0.78.

Conclusions
Profound preclinical microbial alterations underline that gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of LOS and has the potential as an early noninvasive biomarker.
Impact of Meningococcal B Vaccine on Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Adolescents
Authors: McMillan Mark , Wang Bing , Koehler Ann P , Sullivan Thomas R , Marshall Helen S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
From 2017, a statewide cluster randomized trial was conducted in South Australia to assess the impact of the meningococcal B vaccine 4CMenB on pharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis carriage in adolescents. Senior schools were randomized to receive the vaccine in 2017 (intervention) or 2018 (control). In this study we report the vaccine impact of 4CMenB on serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in 16- to 19-year-old adolescents in South Australia.

Methods
This observational time series analysis of serogroup B IMD cases compares the 14 years prior to the commencement of the trial (2003–2016) with the 2 years following 4CMenB vaccination of the 2017 adolescent cohort.

Results
Approximately 62% of year 10 and 11 students (15–16 years old) in South Australia enrolled in the trial. A total of 30 522 year 10–12 students received at least 1 dose of 4CMenB. The number of serogroup B IMD cases in 16- to 19-year old adolescents in South Australia increased on average by 10% per year from 2003 to 2016 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%–15%, P &lt; .001), peaking with 10 cases in 2015. Serogroup B IMD cases reduced to 5 in 2017–2018 and 1 in 2018–2019, below the expected numbers of 9.9 (95% prediction interval [PI], 3.9–17.5) and 10.9 (95% PI, 4.4–19.1), respectively. This translated to an overall reduction in the number of serogroup B IMD cases of 71% (95% CI, 15%–90%, P = .02). There were no serogroup B IMD cases in vaccinated adolescents.

Conclusions
Vaccinating adolescents with 4CMenB was associated with a reduction in group B meningococcal disease in South Australia.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03089086.
Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy Use in Patients With Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA)
Authors: Nyabanga Custon T , Axelrad Jordan E , Zhang Xian , Barnes Edward L , Chang Shannon 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This study evaluated the prevalence of adjunctive pharmacotherapies use among ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) patients.

Methods
The IBD Partners database was queried to compare IPAA patients with and without pouch-related symptoms (PRS). Within the cohort of patients with PRS, patient reported outcomes were compared among opioid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and probiotic users.

Results
There were no differences in patient reported outcomes based on NSAID or probiotic usage. Opioid users reported increased bowel frequency, urgency, poor general well-being, abdominal pain, and depression (P &lt; 0.05 for all variables).

Conclusions
In IPAA patients with PRS, opioid use, but not NSAIDs or probiotics, was associated with a higher burden of PRS.
The IMEx coronavirus interactome: an evolving map ofCoronaviridae–host molecular interactions
Authors: Perfetto L , Pastrello C , del-Toro N , Duesbury M , Iannuccelli M , Kotlyar M , Licata L , Meldal B , Panneerselvam K , Panni S , Rahimzadeh N , Ricard-Blum S , Salwinski L , Shrivastava A , Cesareni G , Pellegrini M , Orchard S , Jurisica I , Hermjakob H , Porras P 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, has spurred a wave of research of nearly unprecedented scale. Among the different strategies that are being used to understand the disease and develop effective treatments, the study of physical molecular interactions can provide fine-grained resolution of the mechanisms behind the virus biology and the human organism response. We present a curated dataset of physical molecular interactions focused on proteins from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1 and other members of the Coronaviridae family that has been manually extracted by International Molecular Exchange (IMEx) Consortium curators. Currently, the dataset comprises over 4400 binarized interactions extracted from 151 publications. The dataset can be accessed in the standard formats recommended by the Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO-PSI) at the IntAct database website (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/intact) and will be continuously updated as research on COVID-19 progresses.
Fathers of Young Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Szarkowski Amy , Dirks Evelien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMuch of the literature exploring the role of parents of children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) has focused on mothers; yet, the involvement and perspectives of fathers is valuable and warrants attention. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature review examined the peer-reviewed research that has differentially explored the experiences of fathers and mothers of young DHH children. Utilizing three databases (Web of Science, PsychINFO, Scopus) and spanning 50 years (1969–2019), 457 non-duplicated articles were identified that included the fathers of DHH children, birth to six years. Independent review of the titles, abstracts, and keywords by the authors limited these to 119. Full manuscripts were assessed for eligibility; 37 were deemed appropriate for inclusion in this systematic review. The papers included have been organized into the following themes: perspectives on parenting, parental stress and coping, parent-child interaction, involvement in early intervention, parental self-efficacy, and benefits of fathers’ inclusion. Recommendations for future research include: (a) actively recruiting fathers in research, (b) differentially analyzing fathers’ and mothers’ experiences in research studies, (c) using information gleaned from research regarding father-child and mother-child interactions to guide interventions/programming, (d) recognizing the bidirectional influences of fathers and their DHH children, (e) moving beyond descriptive studies to explore fathers' influences on child outcomes, and (f) recognizing diverse family constellations.
Evidence of positive regulation of mycobacteriophage D29 early gene expression obtained from an investigation using a temperature-sensitive mutant of the phage
Authors: Ghosh Shrestha , Shaw Rahul , Sarkar Apurba , Gupta Sujoy K Das 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Mycobacteriophages are phages that infect and kill Mycobacteria, several of which, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), for example, cause the disease tuberculosis. Although genomes of many such phages have been sequenced, we have very little insight into how they express their genes in a controlled manner. To address this issue, we have raised a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of phage D29 that can grow at 37°C but not at 42°C and used it to perform differential gene expression and proteome analysis studies. Our analysis results indicate that expression of genes located in the right arm, considered to be early expressed, was lowered as the temperature was shifted from 37°C to 42°C. In contrast, expression of those on the left, the late genes were only marginally affected. Thus, we conclude that transcription of genes from the two arms takes place independently of each other and that a specific factor must be controlling the expression of the right arm genes. We also observe that within the right arm itself; there exists a mechanism to ensure high-level synthesis of Gp48, a thymidylate synthase X. Enhanced presence of this protein in infected cells results in delayed lysis and higher phage yields.
Long-term enriched methanogenic communities from thermokarst lake sediments show species-specific responses to warming
Authors: in 't Zandt Michiel H , Frank Jeroen , Yilmaz Polen , Cremers Geert , Jetten Mike S M , Welte Cornelia U 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThermokarst lakes are large potential greenhouse gas (GHG) sources in a changing Arctic. In a warming world, an increase in both organic matter availability and temperature is expected to boost methanogenesis and potentially alter the microbial community that controls GHG fluxes. These community shifts are, however, challenging to detect by resolution-limited 16S rRNA gene-based approaches. Here, we applied full metagenome sequencing on long-term thermokarst lake sediment enrichments on acetate and trimethylamine at 4°C and 10°C to unravel species-specific responses to the most likely Arctic climate change scenario. Substrate amendment was used to mimic the increased organic carbon availability upon permafrost thaw. By performing de novo assembly, we reconstructed five high-quality and five medium-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that represented 59% of the aligned metagenome reads. Seven bacterial MAGs belonged to anaerobic fermentative bacteria. Within the Archaea, the enrichment of methanogenic Methanosaetaceae/Methanotrichaceae under acetate amendment and Methanosarcinaceae under trimethylamine (TMA) amendment was not unexpected. Surprisingly, we observed temperature-specific methanogenic (sub)species responses with TMA amendment. These highlighted distinct and potentially functional climate-induced shifts could not be revealed with 16S rRNA gene-based analyses. Unraveling these temperature- and nutrient-controlled species-level responses is essential to better comprehend the mechanisms that underlie GHG production from Arctic lakes in a warming world.