bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimality-based non-Redfield plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM v1.1) in UVic-ESCM 2.9 – Part 1: Implementation and model behaviour
Authors: Pahlow Markus , Chien Chia-Te , Arteaga Lionel A. , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Uncertainties in projections of marine biogeochemistry from Earth system models (ESMs) are associated to a large degree with the imperfect representation of the marine plankton ecosystem, in particular the physiology of primary and secondary producers. Here, we describe the implementation of an optimality-based plankton–ecosystem model (OPEM) version 1.1 with variable carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry in the University of Victoria ESM (UVic; Eby et al., 2009; Weaver et al., 2001) and the behaviour of two calibrated reference configurations, which differ in the assumed temperature dependence of diazotrophs. Predicted tracer distributions of oxygen and dissolved inorganic nutrients are similar to those of an earlier fixed-stoichiometry formulation in UVic (Nickelsen et al., 2015). Compared to the classic fixed-stoichiometry UVic model, OPEM is closer to recent satellite-based estimates of net community production (NCP), despite overestimating net primary production (NPP), can better reproduce deep-ocean gradients in the NO3-:PO43- ratio and partially explains observed patterns of particulate C:N:P in the surface ocean. Allowing diazotrophs to grow (but not necessarily fix N2) at similar temperatures as other phytoplankton results in a better representation of surface Chl and NPP in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. Deficiencies of our calibrated OPEM configurations may serve as a magnifying glass for shortcomings in global biogeochemical models and hence guide future model development. The overestimation of NPP at low latitudes indicates the need for improved representations of temperature effects on biotic processes, as well as
phytoplankton community composition, which may be represented by locally varying parameters based on suitable trade-offs. The similarity in the overestimation of NPP and surface autotrophic particulate organic carbon (POC) could indicate deficiencies in the representation of top-down control or nutrient supply to the surface ocean. Discrepancies between observed and predicted vertical gradients in particulate C:N:P ratios suggest the need to include preferential P remineralisation, which could also benefit the representation of N2 fixation. While OPEM yields a much improved distribution of surface N* (NO3--16⋅PO43-+2.9 mmol m−3), it still fails to reproduce observed N* in the Arctic, possibly related to a misrepresentation of the phytoplankton community there and the lack of benthic denitrification in the model. Coexisting ordinary and diazotrophic phytoplankton can exert strong control on N* in our simulations, which questions the interpretation of N* as reflecting the balance of N2 fixation and denitrification.
(On)geschreven excepties
Authors: Bakker S.R. (Sven) 
Published: October 2020

(On)geschreven excepties
Naast de geschreven algemene en bijzondere strafuitsluitingsgronden en de ongeschreven algemene strafuitsluitingsgronden ontbreken van materiële wederrechtelijkheid en afwezigheid van alle schuld, zijn in de jurisprudentie ook verschillende ongeschreven contextgebonden excepties aanvaard, bijvoorbeeld de medische exceptie, de kunstexceptie en de sport- en spelexceptie. In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de vraag of c.q. in hoeverre er aanleiding bestaat dergelijke ongeschreven excepties in de wet te verankeren.
Fungal Biomass Load and Aspergillus flavus in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Mitema Alfred , Aliye Feto Naser 
Published: October 2020

Fungal biomass quantification is critical in understanding the interactions between the pathogen and susceptibility or resistance of the host plant as well as identifying competition between individual fungal spp. in disease progression. In the present chapter, two maize lines grown in different climatic regions of Kenya were infected with an aflatoxigenic A. flavus isolate (KSM014) and fungal colonization of the maize plant tissues was monitored by measuring fungal biomass load after 14 days in a controlled environment. The objective of the study was to determine whether the maize line colonized was a factor in increasing or limiting the growth of an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus.
Estimated Risk for Insulin Dose Error Among Hospital Patients Due to Glucose Meter Hematocrit Bias in 2020
Authors: Inman Mark , Lyon Andrew W. , Lyon Oliver A. S. , Lyon Martha E. 
Published: October 2020

Context.—Glycemic control requires accurate blood glucose testing. The extent of hematocrit interference is difficult to assess to assure quality patient care.Objective.—To predict the effect of patient hematocrit on the performance of a glucose meter and its corresponding impact on insulin-dosing error.Design.—Multilevel mixed regression was conducted to assess the extent that patient hematocrit influences Roche Accu-Chek Inform II glucose meters, using the Radiometer ABL 837 as a reference method collected during validation of 35 new meters. Regression coefficients of fixed effects for reference glucose, hematocrit, an interaction term, and random error were applied to 4 months of patient reference method results extracted from the laboratory information system. A hospital inpatient insulin dose algorithm was used to determine the frequency of insulin dose error between reference glucose and meter glucose results.Results.—Fixed effects regression for method and hematocrit predicted biases to glucose meter results that met the “95% within ±12%” for the US Food and Drug Administration goal, but combinations of fixed and random effects exceeded that target in emergency and hospital inpatient units. Insulin dose errors were predicted from the meter results. Twenty-eight percent of intensive care unit, 20.8% of hospital inpatient, and 17.7% of emergency department results were predicted to trigger a ±1 insulin dose error by fixed and random effects.Conclusions.—The current extent of hematocrit interference on glucose meter performance is anticipated to cause insulin error by 1-dose category, which is likely associated with low patient risk.
González Díaz, José Antonio: Modelos de gestión del territorio, paisaje y biodiversidad en un espacio de montaña: la Reserva de la Biosfera de Redes, Departamento de Geografía de la Universidad de Oviedo. Directores/as: Dra. Rocío Rosa García & Dr. Felipe Fernández García. Fecha de lectura: Julio 2019
Authors: González Díaz Jose Antonio 
Published: October 2020

En esta tesis doctoral se aborda las relaciones entre los modelos de gestión del territorio, el paisaje y la agrobiodiversidad en área de la montaña centro-oriental asturiana, la Reserva de la Biosfera, integrada por los municipios de Sobrescobio y Caso. Para estudiar dichas relaciones a largo de los dos últimos siglos en se empleó el análisis geográfico regional como metodología integradora acompañada de la ecología del paisaje. El análisis reveló la incapacidad de la población local, por número y por envejecimiento, para hacer frente al reto de la conservación; la pérdida de conocimiento ecológico local como elemento clave en la gestión presente y futura de del territorio; así como la no consecución de los objetivos iniciales del espacio natural protegido y su impotencia para resolver la crisis socioeconómica y ambiental de este enclave de montaña. Todo ello se manifiesta en una tendencia al cierre gradual del paisaje y a la pérdida de su carácter en mosaico, así como en una evolución regresiva de la agrobiodiversidad.
The effect of long-term volleyball training on the level of somatic parameters of female volleyball players in various age categories
Authors: Kutáč Petr , Zahradnik David , Krajcigr Miroslav , Bunc Václav 
Published: October 2020

Volleyball is an exceedingly popular physical activity in the adolescent population, especially with females. The study objective was to assess the effect of volleyball training and natural ontogenetic development on the somatic parameters of adolescent girls. The study was implemented in a group of 130 female volleyball players (aged 12.3 ± 0.5 – 18.1 ± 0.6 years) along with 283 females from the general population (aged 12.3 ± 0.5 – 18.2 ± 0.5 years). The measured parameters included: body height (cm), body mass (kg), body fat (kg, %), visceral fat (cm2), body water (l), fat free mass (kg) and skeletal muscle mass (kg, %). Starting at the age of 13, the volleyball players had significantly lower body fat ratio and visceral fat values than those in the general population (p < 0.001 in body fat % and p < 0.01 in visceral fat). In volleyball players, the mean body fat (%) values were 17.7 ± 6.6 in 12-year-old players, 16.7 ± 4.9 in 13-year-old players, 18.5 ± 3.9 in 16-year-old players, and 19.3 ± 3.1 in 18-year-old players. In the general population, the mean body fat (%) values were 19.6 ± 6.3 in 12-year-old girls, 21.7 ± 6.4 in 13-year-old girls, 23.4 ± 6.1 in 16-year-old girls, and 25.8 ± 7.0 in 18-year-old girls. The visceral fat (cm2) mean values were 36.4 ± 19.3 in 12-year-old players, 39.2 ± 16.3 in 13-year-old players, 45.7 ± 14.7 in 16-year-old players, and 47.2 ± 12.4 in 18-year-old players. In the general population, the mean visceral fat (cm2) values were 41.4 ± 21.1 in 12-year-old girls, 48.4 ± 21.5 in 13-year-old girls, 58.0 ± 24.7 in 16-year-old girls, and 69.1 ± 43.7 in 18-year-old girls. In volleyball players, lower body fat ratio corresponded with a higher skeletal muscle mass ratio. The differences found in skeletal muscle mass ratio were also significant starting at the age of 13 (p < 0.001). The mean skeletal muscle mass (%) values were 44.1 ± 3.4 in 12-year-old volleyball players, 45.4 ± 2.5 in 13-year-old players, 45.0 ± 2.2 in 16-year-old players, and 44.7 ± 1.8 in 18-year-old players. In the general population, the mean skeletal muscle mass (%) values were 42.8 ± 3.2 in 12-year-old girls, 42. ± 4.1 in 13-year-old girls, 41.9 ± 3.3 in 16-year-old girls, and 40.6 ± 3.7 in 18-year-old girls. Differences in body composition between the individual age groups were similar between the volleyball players and girls in the general population. The results indicate that regular volleyball training influences the body composition of young females however the development of body composition parameters is subject to their ontogenetic development.
CONTROLE DE Cyperus difformis L. POR HERBICIDAS ALS E MIMETIZADORES DE AUXINAS
Authors: Peripolli Mariane , Bidel Dornelles Sylvio Henrique , Severo Trivisiol Vinicius , Azeredo Nunes Elisandro , Cezar Cassol Jéssica , Teixeira Flores Aliana 
Published: October 2020

A ocorrência de biótipos de Cyperus difformis L. com característica de resistência à aplicação de herbicidas no setor da orizicultura é uma preocupação mundial. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência do controle de C. difformis por herbicidas inibidores da acetolactato sintase (ALS) e mimetizador de auxina. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, totalizando 252 unidades experimentais compostas por vasos com 12 quilogramas de solo e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 3x7x2x2: três herbicidas (dois inibidores da ALS pirazossulfurom-etílico e bispiribaque-sódico e um mimetizador de auxina triclopir-butotílico); sete doses dos herbicidas (0.0x, 0.5x, 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x e 16x a dose de registro); dois biótipos de C. difformis (Santa Rosa do Sul e Meleiro, Santa Catarina (SC)); e duas umidades de solo (100% saturado e lâmina d’água de 5,0 cm). O biótipo C. difformis de Meleiro-SC é 8x (320 g. i.a. ha-1) mais resistente a dose de registro do bispiribaque-sódico, já o biótipo de Santa Rosa do Sul-SC é mais sucetivel, reduzindo 50% da massa seca da parte aérea com 0.5x da dose de registro (20 g i.a. ha-1). O pirazossulfurom-etílico demostrou-se ineficiente na redução da massa seca da parte aérea em ambos os biótipos. Os biótipo C. difformis de Santa Rosa do Sul-SC e Meleiro-SC, nas duas condições de umidade do solo são suscetíveis ao triclopir-butotílico, reduzindo 50% da massa seca da parte aérea com 0.5x (166 g. i.a. ha-1) a dose de registro.
In Search of Support: A Snapshot of What's Advertised for African‐American Veterans in US Flagship Universities
Authors: Robinson Petra A. , Stojanovic Maja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter is a content analysis focused on the ways US flagship universities portray how they are prepared to support African‐American service members in their pursuit of education and professional development upon their reentry into society. The authors present brief overviews of military demographics; historical experiences of African Americans in the military; higher education policies, support structures, and opportunities for these freedom fighters. Through website analysis featuring available data from flagship universities, the authors analyze, critique, and synthesize data on existing support structures for African‐American veterans. The findings revealed a lack of any specific support structures designed for African‐American student veterans. Thus, the authors outline implications for further research and higher education administrators based on current available support structures for all student veterans.
Anatomic Distribution of Sacroiliac Joint Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis and Control Subjects: A Prospective Cross‐Sectional Study, Including Postpartum Women, Patients With Disc Herniation, Cleaning Staff, Runners, and Healthy Individuals
Authors: Seven Sengül , Østergaard Mikkel , Morsel-Carlsen Lone , Sørensen Inge J. , Bonde Birthe , Thamsborg Gorm , Lykkegaard Jens J. , Pedersen Susanne J. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the anatomic location and distribution of lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the sacroiliac (SI) joints in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA), women with and without postpartum pain (childbirth within 4–16 months), patients with disc herniation, cleaning staff, runners, and healthy persons.MethodsIn a prospective cross‐sectional study of 204 participants, MRI of the entire cartilaginous compartment of the SI joint was scored blindly by 2 independent, experienced readers, according to Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada definitions of SI joint inflammation and structural lesions in each SI joint quadrant or half and in each of 9 slices. The locations of the lesions (unilateral/bilateral, upper/lower, sacral/iliac, and anterior/central/posterior slices) were analyzed based on concordant reads.ResultsBone marrow edema (BME) occurred in all quadrants in nearly all participant groups, but rarely bilaterally, except in patients with axial SpA and women with postpartum pain. Fat lesions were mainly found in axial SpA and occurred in all quadrants, but mostly bilaterally in sacral quadrants. Erosion was rare, except in axial SpA, where it was mainly iliac and often bilateral. Sclerosis was exclusively iliac and most frequent in women with postpartum pain.ConclusionThe location and distribution of common SI joint lesions in axial SpA and non–axial SpA were reported, and group‐specific patterns were revealed. BME distributed bilaterally or unilaterally, both locally and more widespread in the SI joint, is common in both postpartum women with pain and axial SpA patients, which limits the use of BME to differentiate these groups. This study indicates that the presence of fat lesions, especially when widespread, and/or erosion, particularly when located centrally or posteriorly, are diagnostically important and should be investigated further.
High phylogeographic and genetic diversity of Tidestromia lanuginosa supports full‐glacial refugia for arid‐adapted plants in southern and central Coahuila, Mexico
Authors: Sánchez‐del Pino Ivonne , Alfaro Alejandra , Andueza‐Noh Rubén H. , Mora‐Olivo Arturo , Chávez‐Pesqueira Mariana , Ibarra‐Morales Ariadna , Moore Michael J. , Flores‐Olvera Hilda 
Published: October 2020

PremiseRecent phylogeographic work suggests the existence of latitudinal gradients in genetic diversity in northern Mexican plants, but very few studies have examined plants of the Chihuahuan Desert. Tidestromia lanuginosa is a morphologically variable annual species whose distribution includes the Chihuahuan Desert Region. Here we undertook phylogeographic analyses of chloroplast loci in this species to test whether genetic diversity and differentiation of Mexican populations of T. lanuginosa change along a latitudinal gradient and whether diversity is higher in Coahuila, consistent with ideas of lower plant community turnover during the Pleistocene.MethodsHaplotype network, maximum likelihood tree, and Bayesian phylogenetic haplotype were reconstructed, and genetic diversity was assessed among 26 populations. Barrier analysis was used to explore barriers to gene flow.ResultsFour major population groups were identified, corresponding with physiographic provinces in Mexico. Each population group displayed high levels of genetic structure, haplotype, and nucleotide diversity. Diversity was highest in southern populations across the species as a whole and among the Chihuahuan Desert populations.ConclusionsTidestromia lanuginosa provides an important example of high phylogeographic and genetic diversity in plants of northern Mexico. Barriers to gene flow among the major population groups have most likely been due to a combination of orographic, climatic, and edaphic variables. The high genetic diversity of T. lanuginosa in southern and central Coahuila is consistent with the hypothesis of full‐glacial refugia for arid‐adapted plants in this area, and highlights the importance of this region as a center of diversity for the Chihuahuan Desert flora.
Photoangeregte Anionen in organischen Reaktionen
Authors: Schmalzbauer Matthias , Marcon Michela , König Burkhard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDie Durchführung chemischer Reaktionen mit Licht erlaubt es, die eingestrahlte Energie selektiv auf bestimmte Moleküle zu fokussieren. Viele Reaktionen, an denen elektronisch angeregte Spezies beteiligt sind, verlaufen über radikalische Zwischenstufen, die neue, einzigartige Reaktionswege ermöglichen und somit bekannte Syntheserouten zur Umwandlung organischer Moleküle erweitern. Der direkte Einsatz nicht funktionalisierter bzw. reaktionsträger Verbindungen ist ein erstrebenswertes Ziel, um chemische Prozesse nachhaltiger und atomökonomischer gestalten zu können. Es wurde gezeigt, dass angeregte Anionen mit gepaarten Elektronen enorme Potentiale in Elektronentransferreaktionen überwinden können und dass häufig ungewöhnliche Reaktivitäten im angeregten Zustand beobachtbar sind. In diesem Aufsatz fassen wir kurz die Eigenschaften der anionischen Photochemie zusammen, heben die wegweisenden Arbeiten auf diesem Gebiet hervor und diskutieren aktuelle Entwicklungen, die durch photoangeregte anionische Spezies in der organischen Synthese erzielt wurden.
Lösungsmitteleinflüsse auf die Struktur und Stabilität von Alkalimetallcarbenoiden
Authors: Dilchert Katharina , Schmidt Michelle , Großjohann Angela , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Mulvey Robert E. , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstracts‐Block‐Metallcarbenoide sind Carbensynthons und werden in einer Vielzahl organischer Reaktionen eingesetzt. Hierbei besitzen Carbenoide eine enge Struktur‐Reaktivitäts‐Beziehung, die jedoch aufgrund der hohen Reaktivität und Empfindlichkeit dieser Reagenzien bisher nur wenig verstanden ist. Hier berichten wir von systematischen VT‐ und DOSY‐NMR‐Studien, Strukturanalysen sowie DFT‐Rechnungen anhand eines Sulfoximinyl‐substituierten Modellsystems, die Einblicke in die Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der Carbenoidstabilität zu geben. Während Natrium‐ und Kalium/Chlor‐carbenoide unabhängig vom Lösungsmittel hohe Stabilitäten zeigten, war das Lithiumcarbenoid bei Raumtemperatur nur in THF stabil, zersetzte sich aber bereits bei −10 °C in Toluol. Diese unterschiedlichen Stabilitäten konnten durch verschiedene Strukturen in Lösung erklärt werden. Im Gegensatz zu einfachen Organolithiumverbindungen war so das monomere THF‐Addukt stabiler als das Dimer in Toluol, da letzteres leichter Li‐Cl‐Wechselwirkungen ausbildete, was die Zersetzung durch α‐Eliminierung des Metallsalzes erleichterte.
New small‐molecule compound Hu‐17 inhibits estrogen biosynthesis by aromatase in human ovarian granulosa cancer cells
Authors: Xi Yang , Liu Jiansheng , Wang Haiwei , Li Shang , Yi Yanghua , Du Yanzhi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEstrogen‐dependent cancers (breast, endometrial, and ovarian) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Aromatase is the main enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogen, which drives proliferation, and antiestrogens can inhibit the growth of these estrogen‐dependent cancers. Hu‐17, an aromatase inhibitor, is a novel small‐molecule compound that suppresses viability of and promotes apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Therefore, this study aimed to predict targets of Hu‐17 and assess its intracellular signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Using the Similarity Ensemble Approach software to predict the potential mechanism of Hu‐17 and combining phospho‐proteome arrays with western blot analysis, we observed that Hu‐17 could inhibit the ERK pathway, resulting in reduced estrogen synthesis in KGN cells, a cell line derived from a patient with invasive ovarian granulosa cell carcinoma. Hu‐17 reduced the expression of CYP19A1 mRNA, responsible for producing aromatase, by suppressing the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding‐1. Hu‐17 also accelerated aromatase protein degradation but had no effect on aromatase activity. Therefore, Hu‐17 could serve as a potential treatment for estrogen‐dependent cancers albeit further investigation is warranted.
Visceral leishmaniasis in an adult case in Northeast of Iran: A case report and literature review
Authors: Taghavi Mohammad Reza , Mollazadeh Samaneh , Seddigh‐Shamsi Mohsen , Azimian Amir , Mianji Mahnoush , Mohajerzadeh Heydari Mina Sadat , Zandi Zahra , Shokri Azar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a rare complication in adult cases even in endemic areas. Here, the first report of visceral leishmaniasis in a young woman in northeast of Iran has been described.
Manufacturing Reusable NAND Logic Gates and Their Initial Circuits for DNA Nanoprocessors
Authors: Molden Tatiana A. , Grillo Marcella C. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA‐based computers can potentially analyze complex sets of biological markers, thereby advancing diagnostics and the treatment of diseases. Despite extensive efforts, DNA processors have not yet been developed due, in part, to limitations in the ability to integrate available logic gates into circuits. We have designed a NAND gate, which is one of the functionally complete set of logic connectives. The gate's design avoids stem‐loop‐folded DNA fragments, and is capable of reusable operations in RNase H‐containing buffer. The output of the gate can be translated into RNA‐cleaving activity or a fluorescent signal produced either by a deoxyribozyme or a molecular beacon probe. Furthermore, three NAND‐gate‐forming DNA strands were crosslinked by click chemistry and purified in a simple procedure that allowed ≈1013 gates to be manufactured in 16 h, with a hands‐on time of about 30 min. Two NAND gates can be joined into one association that performs a new logic function simply by adding a DNA linker strand. Approaches developed in this work could contribute to the development of biocompatible DNA logic circuits for biotechnological and medical applications.