bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A compact triple‐mode bandpass filter with wide‐stopband using half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide cavity loaded with slots
Authors: Liu Baoguang , Lyu Yun‐Peng , Zhu Lei , Cheng Chonghu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, a new compact triple‐mode filter with wide stopband is proposed on half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) with loaded slots. The loaded slots not only make the TE201 mode shift toward the TE101 mode, but also introduce an extra resonant mode to achieve a compact triple‐mode filter. In addition, the wide stopband is realized because the TE202 mode keeps nearly unchanged as the TE201 mode decreases to a much lower frequency by virtue of loaded slots. The working principle and design method are given in this context. All these triple resonant modes can be controlled as required. To verify the design concept, a prototype with only 0.23λg2 area is designed and the upper stopband can be extended to 1.87f0 with rejection level of 25 dB.
A strong formulation for the graph partition problem
Authors: Chopra Sunil , Shim Sangho 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe develop a polynomial size extended graph formulation of the graph partition problem which dominates the formulation introduced by Chopra and Rao's study, and show that the extended graph formulation is tight on a tree. We introduce exponentially many valid inequalities to the Chopra‐Rao formulation, which we call generalized arc inequalities (GAI), and develop a linear time algorithm to separate the most violated generalized arc inequality. We show that the polynomial size extended graph formulation is equivalent to the Chopra‐Rao formulation augmented by the exponentially many GAI.
Enhancing stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features in GPR images of carbonate karst through data processing
Authors: de Oliveira Josibel Gomes , de Medeiros Walter Eugenio , de Santana Flávio Lemos , Bezerra Francisco Hilário Rego , Cazarin Caroline Lessio 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObtaining high‐quality ground penetrating radar (GPR) images in karst is difficult because materials resulting from the weathering of carbonate rocks might be electrically conductive. As a consequence, penetration depth and signal resolution might be greatly reduced due to attenuation. In addition, fractures and faults might cause a significant amount of electromagnetic wave scattering. We present a 2D data processing flow which allows improving the quality of GPR images in carbonate karst. The processing flow is composed of the following steps: obtaining a zero‐offset section by removing the direct wave, low‐frequency noise removal, geometrical spreading and exponential gain compensation, spectral balancing, Kirchhoff migration, bandpass filtering, amplitude‐volume enhancement, and topographic correction. For a 200‐MHz dataset, we present in detail each step of the processing flow, exemplifying how to parameterize every step. Spectral balancing is of key importance because it can approximately replenish the high‐frequency content lost due to propagation effects. In this step, we recommend to shift the centroid frequency as much as possible to high‐frequency values, even exceeding the nominal value of the antenna center frequency, but still looking for a band‐limited spectrum as the goal. Despite the difficulty of migrating GPR data, we show that migration (even assuming a constant velocity) might enhance the lateral continuity of the reflection events and allows identification of discontinuities such as faults and fractures. If imaged in a better way, these structures can have special importance as they are often the boundaries of dissolution features. Obtaining images based on amplitude‐volume enhancement techniques allows to better visualize karst voids and deep‐rooted discontinuities because these features are often associated with low‐amplitude zones, which are highlighted in such images. Due to this processing flow, stratigraphic, structural and dissolution features can be enhanced, allowing the interpreter to establish spatial and genetic associations among these elements to obtain a better understanding of the karst formation process.
First principle investigation of the thermomechanical properties of type A carbonated apatite
Authors: Ulian Gianfranco , Valdrè Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCalcium apatites with the general chemical formula (Ca, X)10(PO4, Y)6Z2 represent a mineral family of utmost importance in several fields, for example, bone biology, biomaterials, and mineralogy. However, few works have focused on the mechanical properties of these phases, and in particular, no data are available on the thermomechanical and thermodynamic properties of carbonate‐bearing (hydroxyl)apatites. In the present work, the equation of state of type A carbonated apatite (CAp, Ca10(PO4)6CO3, space group P1) was calculated by ab initio quantum mechanical methods within the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Starting from athermal results (at 0 K), the combined effect of temperature and pressure was investigated through the quasiharmonic approximation (QHA). In athermal conditions, the equation of state of the CAp unit cell volume can be described by a third‐order Birch‐Murnaghan formulation, with parameters V0 = 538.14(5) Å3, K0 = 106.2(7) GPa, and K′ = 4.6(4). The QHA well described the temperature and pressure dependence of the thermodynamics and mechanical properties of the mineral. For instance, the bulk modulus at 0 GPa and ambient temperature (300 K) is K
T0 = 102.95 GPa, which is lower than that of stoichiometric apatite by about 6%. The unit cell thermal expansion coefficient between 0 and 600 K was also calculated and reported. The results are in line with the few available experimental data reported in literature on type AB carbonated hydroxylapatite. The reported findings further extend the knowledge of the mechanical and thermal behaviors of this important mineral found in biological environments, results that are useful for biotechnological and other applications of the (C)OHAp phases.
Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 on Nickel Single‐Atom Catalysts: Atom Trapping and Nitrogen Anchoring
Authors: Mou Kaiwen , Chen Zhipeng , Zhang Xinxin , Jiao Mingyang , Zhang Xiangping , Ge Xin , Zhang Wei , Liu Licheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConstruction of single atom catalysts (SACs) with high activity toward electroreduction of CO2 still remains a great challenge. A very simple and truly cost‐effective synthetic strategy is proposed to prepare SACs via a impregnation–pyrolysis method, through one‐step pyrolysis of graphene oxide aerogel. Compared with other traditional methods, this process is fast and free of repeated acid etching, and thus it has great potential for facile operation and large‐scale manufacturing. Both X‐ray absorption fine structure and high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy images confirm the presence of isolated nickel atoms, with a high Ni loading of ≈2.6 wt%. The obtained 3D porous Ni‐ and N‐codoped graphene aerogel exhibits excellent activity toward electroreduction of CO2 to CO, in particular exhibiting a remarkable CO Faradaic efficiency of 90.2%. Density functional theory calculations reveal that free energies for the formation of intermediate *COOH on coordinatively unsaturated NiN sites are significantly lower than that on NiN4 site, suggesting the outstanding activities of CO2 electroreduction originate from coordinatively unsaturated NiN sites in catalysts.
Flexible 3D Porous MXene Foam for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhao Qian , Zhu Qizhen , Miao Jiawei , Zhang Peng , Wan Pengbo , He Lingzhang , Xu Bin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract2D transition‐metal carbides and nitrides, named MXenes, are promising materials for energy storage, but suffer from aggregation and restacking of the 2D nanosheets, which limits their electrochemical performance. In order to overcome this problem and realize the full potential of MXene nanosheets, a 3D MXene foam with developed porous structure is established via a simple sulfur‐template method, which is freestanding, flexible, and highly conductive, and can be directly used as the electrode in lithium‐ion batteries. The 3D porous architecture of the MXene foam offers massive active sites to enhance the lithium storage capacity. Moreover, its foam structure facilitates electrolyte infiltration for fast Li+ transfer. As a result, this flexible 3D porous MXene foam exhibits significantly enhanced capacity of 455.5 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1, excellent rate performance (101 mAh g−1 at 18 A g−1), and superior ultralong‐term cycle stability (220 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 3500 cycles). This work not only demonstrates the great superiority of the 3D porous MXene foam but also proposes the sulfur‐template method for controllable constructing of the 3D foam from 2D nanosheets at a relatively low temperature.
Downsizing weight while upsizing efficiency: An experimental approach to develop optimized ultra‐light UHPC hybrid beams
Authors: Gaganelis Georgios , Mark Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA three‐phase topology optimization is applied to a conventional reinforced concrete (RC) beam loaded in four‐point bending. The aim is to reduce material amounts to a minimum while preserving load bearing capacity and stiffness. The optimization result is converted into two alternative designs, namely a RC truss structure and a hybrid concrete‐steel (HCS) truss structure. The RC truss structure is constructed in conventional reinforced concrete. By contrast, the HCS truss structure is designed using ultra‐high performance fiber‐reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and S355 structural steel. Experimental studies demonstrate a 53% reduction in weight of the RC truss structure compared to the reference beam, while achieving a similar load bearing capacity and a significantly higher stiffness, albeit by increasing the structure's height. For the HCS truss structure, the weight saving is considerably higher, namely 83%, whereas the load bearing capacity can be increased by 10%. The stiffness remains comparable to that of the RC truss structure by increasing the structure's height likewise, while a more ductile type of failure is achieved.
Too late for indigenous climate justice: Ecological and relational tipping points
Authors: Whyte Kyle 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt may be too late to achieve environmental justice for some indigenous peoples, and other groups, in terms of avoiding dangerous climate change. People in the indigenous climate justice movement agree resolutely on the urgency of action to stop dangerous climate change. However, the qualities of relationships connecting indigenous peoples with other societies' governments, nongovernmental organizations, and corporations are not conducive to coordinated action that would avoid further injustice against indigenous peoples in the process of responding to climate change. The required qualities include, among others, consent, trust, accountability, and reciprocity. Indigenous traditions of climate change view the very topic of climate change as connected to these qualities, which are sometimes referred to as kin relationships. The entwinement of colonialism, capitalism, and industrialization failed to affirm or establish these qualities or kinship relationships across societies. While qualities like consent or reciprocity may be critical for taking coordinated action urgently and justly, they require a long time to establish or repair. A relational tipping point, in a certain respect, has already been crossed, before the ecological tipping point. The time it takes to address the passage of this relational tipping point may be too slow to generate the coordinated action to halt certain dangers related to climate change. While no possibilities for better futures should be left unconsidered, it's critical to center environmental justice in any analysis of whether it's too late to stop dangerous climate change.This article is categorized under:

Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice
The potential contribution of emerging economies to stop dangerous climate change. The case of Brazil
Authors: La Rovere Emilio L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmerging economies are designing and sometimes implementing low GHG emission development strategies (LEDS) that can be used as examples by other developing countries to avoid the high‐carbon development pathway established by industrialized countries. Using the example of Brazil, this Opinion Article discusses the need to design LEDS that are in line with the national resource endowment and political economy constraints. Brazil is very rich in natural resources with a huge potential for renewable energy deployment. Developed countries can compensate the lack of a similar resource endowment with technological and financial resources, while poorer countries will need technological transfers and financial support from the international community. On the other hand, Brazil is an oil producer and will need to carefully navigate the reduction in oil demand, driven by a global trend toward transport electrification, in order to avoid stranded assets. The article also discusses the need to choose the right instruments to overcome the economic, financial, and noneconomic barriers to mitigation options and achieve an economically and socially sustainable transition to a low carbon society. LEDS can be designed in a way that minimizes economic and social impacts if they are accompanied by policies aiming at a gradual reduction of inequalities, including governmental transfers to keep substantial social development gains, energy, and food security. LEDS can leverage each country's competitiveness while protecting the poor, and they can be made politically acceptable. If such policies are implemented quickly enough across the world, then it may be not too late to stop dangerous climate change.This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Benefits of Mitigation
Comparison of variables associated with cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament, total‐tau, and neurogranin
Authors: Mielke Michelle M. , Syrjanen Jeremy A. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Skoog Ingmar , Vemuri Prashanthi , Machulda Mary M. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Kern Silke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionThree cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of neurodegeneration (N) (neurofilament light [NfL], total‐tau [T‐tau], and neurogranin [Ng]) have been proposed under the AT(N) scheme of the National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association Research Framework.MethodsWe examined, in a community‐based population (N = 777, aged 50–95) (1) what variables were associated with each of the CSF (N) markers, and (2) whether the variables associated with each marker differed by increased brain amyloid. CSF T‐tau was measured with an automated electrochemiluminescence Elecsys immunoassay; NfL and Ng were measured with in‐house enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsMultiple variables were differentially associated with CSF NfL and T‐tau levels, but not Ng. Most associations were attenuated after adjustment for age and sex. T‐tau had the strongest association with cognition in the presence of amyloidosis, followed by Ng. Variables associations with NfL did not differ by amyloid status.DiscussionUnderstanding factors that influence CSF (N) markers will assist in the interpretation and utility of these markers in clinical practice.
Synaptic, axonal damage and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative dementias
Authors: Antonell Anna , Tort‐Merino Adrià , Ríos José , Balasa Mircea , Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Auge Josep M. , Muñoz‐García Cristina , Bosch Beatriz , Falgàs Neus , Rami Lorena , Ramos‐Campoy Oscar , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Molinuevo José L. , Lladó Albert , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionSynaptic damage, axonal neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation are common features in Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD).MethodsUnicentric cohort of 353 participants included healthy control (HC) subjects, AD continuum stages, genetic AD and FTD, and FTD and CJD. We measured cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light (NF‐L), neurogranin (Ng), 14‐3‐3, and YKL‐40 proteins.ResultsBiomarkers showed differences in HC subjects versus AD, FTD, and CJD. Disease groups differed between them except AD versus FTD for YKL‐40. Only NF‐L differed between all stages within the AD continuum. AD and FTD symptomatic mutation carriers presented differences with respect to HC subjects. Applying the AT(N) system, 96% subjects were positive for neurodegeneration if 14‐3‐3 was used, 94% if NF‐L was used, 62% if Ng was used, and 53% if YKL‐40 was used.DiscussionBiomarkers of synapse and neurodegeneration differentiate HC subjects from neurodegenerative dementias and between AD, FTD, and CJD. NF‐L and 14‐3‐3 performed similar to total tau when AT(N) system was applied.
Two Dogmas of the Artistic-Ethical Interaction Debate
Authors: Hanson Louise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCan artworks be morally good or bad? Many philosophers have thought so. Does this moral goodness or badness bear on how good or bad a work isas art?This is very much a live debate.Autonomistsargue that moral value is not relevant to artistic value;interactionistsargue that it is. In this paper, I argue that the debate between interactionists and autonomists has been conducted unfairly: all parties to the debate have tacitly accepted a set of constraints which prejudices the issue against the interactionist. I identify two demands which are routinely placed on arguments seeking to establish interaction and argue that they are, in fact, mutually conflicting.There are two upshots. First, in light of this, it is unsurprising that arguments for interaction have failed to meet with everybody’s satisfaction. The constraints are such that no argument can meet them. Second, recognizing this helps us uncover a new, promising, but hitherto overlooked strategy for establishing artistic-ethical interaction.
“A Besy Woman … and Full of Lawe”: Female Litigants in Early Tudor Star Chamber
Authors: Youngs Deborah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article considers the opportunities available to, and the constraints to be negotiated by, female litigants at the court of Star Chamber during the reigns of the early Tudor kings. Star Chamber was a prerogative court and grew in popularity following the transformation and clarification of its judicial functions under Thomas Wolsey in the early sixteenth century. While it has suffered losses to its records, around five thousand cases still survive from the early Tudor period, including nearly one thousand cases involving female litigants. Unlike those in other Westminster courts, such as Common Pleas, Chancery, or the Court of Requests, Star Chamber cases have yet to be fully examined for what they can tell us about women's access to justice and their experience of legal process. This article begins by surveying the number of cases involving female litigants, showing that far more women came to the court as plaintiffs than as defendants. The numbers were significant—in line with Chancery—but still show women as a minority. Drawing on a wide range of examples, the paper explores the major factors determining, and limiting, women's active roles as litigants, taking into consideration cultural expectations, legal practice (including the operation of coverture), and, where detected, individual decision-making.
Wave–vortex interactions, remote recoil, the Aharonov–Bohm effect and the Craik–Leibovich equation
Authors: McIntyre Michael Edgeworth 
Published: October 2019

Three examples of non-dissipative yet cumulative interaction between a single wavetrain and a single vortex are analysed, with a focus on effective recoil forces, local and remote. Local recoil occurs when the wavetrain overlaps the vortex core. All three examples comply with the pseudomomentum rule. The first two examples are two-dimensional and non-rotating (shallow water or gas dynamical). The third is rotating, with deep-water gravity waves inducing an Ursell ‘anti-Stokes flow’. The Froude or Mach number, and the Rossby number in the third example, are assumed small. Remote recoil is all or part of the interaction in all three examples, except in one special limiting case. That case is found only within a severely restricted parameter regime and is the only case in which, exceptionally, the effective recoil force can be regarded as purely local and identifiable with the celebrated Craik–Leibovich vortex force – which corresponds, in the quantum fluids literature, to the Iordanskii force due to a phonon current incident on a vortex. Another peculiarity of that exceptional case is that the only significant wave refraction effect is the Aharonov–Bohm topological phase jump.
Radiocarbon age offsets of Plants and Bioclasts in the Holocene Sediments from the Miyazaki Plain, Southeast Coast of Kyushu, Southwest Japan
Authors: Nakanishi Toshimichi , Hong Wan , Kuwahata Mitsuhiro , Sugiyama Shinji , Shimoyama Shoichi , Ohkushi Ken’ichi , Yamaguchi Tatsuhiko , Park Jung-Hun , Park Gyujun , Nanayama Futoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between paleoenvironmental changes and marine reservoir effects, the radiocarbon ages of marine bioclasts and terrestrial plants from the same horizons of a sediment core in the Holocene Epoch were measured. This core, with a length of approximately 9 m, was obtained from the southern part of the Miyazaki Plain southeast of Kyushu Island, which faces the Kuroshio warm current. This drilling site is located in an uplift area associated with the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Based on analyses of lithology, molluscan and foraminifera assemblages, and radiocarbon dating, we interpreted four sedimentary units in order of age: tidal flat, inner bay, Kikai-Akahoya volcanic ash, and delta plain. These paleoenvironmental changes were mainly associated with the sea-level rise during the deglacial period. The reservoir ages of nine pairs from the tidal flat to inner bay facies were found to be from the time span of 7300–8200 cal BP. The chronological changes in the reservoir effect are correlated with those seen in Holocene sediments of the other coastal area in East Asia.