bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood-based protein mediators of senility with replications across biofluids and cohorts
Authors: Royall Donald R , Palmer Raymond F ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2019

AbstractDementia severity can be quantitatively described by the latent dementia phenotype ‘δ’ and its various composite ‘homologues’. We have explored δ’s blood-based protein biomarkers in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium. However, it would be convenient to replicate them in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. To that end, we have engineered a δ homologue from the observed cognitive performance measures common to both projects [i.e. ‘d:Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium to Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative’ (dT2A)]. In this analysis, we confirm 13/22 serum proteins as partial mediators of age’s effect on dementia severity as measured by dT2A in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium and then replicate 4/13 in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative’s plasma data. The replicated mediators of age-specific effects on dementia severity are adiponectin, follicle-stimulating hormone, pancreatic polypeptide and resistin. In their aggregate, the 13 confirmed age-specific mediators suggest that ‘cognitive frailty’ pays a role in dementia severity as measured by δ. We provide both discriminant and concordant support for that hypothesis. Weight, calculated low-density lipoprotein and body mass index are partial mediators of age’s effect in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium. Biomarkers related to other disease processes (e.g. cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s disease-specific biomarkers in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative) are not. It now appears that dementia severity is the sum of multiple independent processes impacting δ. Each may have a unique set of mediating biomarkers. Age’s unique effect appears to be at least partially mediated through proteins related to frailty. Age-specific mediation effects can be replicated across cohorts and biofluids. These proteins may offer targets for the remediation of age-specific cognitive decline (aka ‘senility’), help distinguish it from other determinants of dementia severity and/or provide clues to the biology of Aging Proper.
Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Prescribed Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Schumacher Christina , Wu Linxuan , Chandran Aruna , Fields Errol , Price Ashley , Greenbaum Adena , Jennings Jacky M ,   IMPACT Partner Collaborative, Page Kathleen , Davis Maisha , Ryscavage Patrick , Leitch Jones Joyce , Farley Jason , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Tepper Vicki , Demissew Mimi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) clinical guidelines recommend men who have sex with men (MSM) PrEP users be screened biannually for syphilis and gonorrhea/chlamydia at all anatomic sites. We sought to determine the proportion screened and positive by STI and anatomic site at PrEP initiation and PrEP-care visits and patient-level characteristics associated with screening among MSM PrEP users in Baltimore City, Maryland.

Methods
Medical records among MSM initiating PrEP between 30 September 2015 and 31 March 2018 were abstracted. STI screening (syphilis and gonorrhea/chlamydia at all anatomic sites) and positivity at PrEP visits ≤12 months following initiation were calculated. Poisson regression with cluster robust SEs was used to assess associations with STI screening.

Results
Among 290 MSM initiating PrEP, 43.1% (n = 125) were screened per guidelines at PrEP initiation; 79.3% (230), 69.3% (201), 55.9% (162), and 69.3% (201) were screened for syphilis, urogenital, rectal, and oropharyngeal gonorrhea/chlamydia, respectively. Positivity among those screened was syphilis, 7.8% (n = 18/230); gonorrhea, 5.0% urogenital (10/201), 11.1% rectal (18/162), and 7.5% oropharyngeal (15/201); chlamydia, 5.0% urogenital (10/201), 11.7% rectal (19/162), and 1.5% oropharyngeal (3/201). Reported anal and oral sex (vs neither) was independently associated with STI screening (aPR, 2.11; 1.05–4.27) at PrEP initiation. At biannual PrEP-care visits, STI screening was lower and syphilis and rectal gonorrhea/chlamydia positivity was higher.

Conclusions
Observed STI screening levels and disease burden suggest the effectiveness of STI screening in PrEP care for STI prevention may be limited. Our results suggest providers may be offering screening based on sexual practices; clarification of STI screening guidelines for PrEP users is needed.
O100 WORLDWIDE TECHNIQUES AND OUTCOMES OF ROBOT-ASSISTED MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY (RAMIE): RESULTS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL UGIRA REGISTRY
Authors: Kingma B F , Grimminger P P , van Det M J , Chao Y K , Chiu P , Sallum R A , Egberts J H , Chaudry A , Luketich J D , Ruurda J P , van Hillegersberg R ,   UGIRA Study Group
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to gain insight in the techniques and outcomes of RAMIE worldwide.

Background & Methods
Although robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) is increasingly adopted. The current literature on RAMIE mainly consists of single-center case series with considerable variation in reported techniques and outcomes. To gain an overview of the worldwide practice in RAMIE, an online registry was established by the Upper GI International Robotic Association (UGIRA). The collected data involve patient- and treatment characteristics, as well as postoperative outcomes that include complications as defined by the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group, length of stay, re-admissions (i.e. <30 days after discharge), mortality (i.e. in-hospital or <30 days after surgery), and pathological results. The outcomes were descriptively analyzed for this interim report.

Results
A total of 434 patients who underwent RAMIE for esophageal cancer between 2016-2019 were included in this interim analysis. The mean age was 63 years (SD ±9.7), the majority was male (n=359, 83%), and nearly all patients had an ASA score ≥2 (n=398, 92%). Adenocarcinoma (n=253, 58%) and squamous cell carcinoma (n=162, 37%) were most prevalent. The usual surgical approach was transthoracic (n=428, 99%) with the patient in semiprone position (n=393, 91%). Gastric conduit reconstruction was performed in all except one patient, who received a colonic interposition. The anastomosis was created by hand-sewing (n=207, 48%), circular stapling (n=142, 32%), or linear stapling (n=85, 20%). The median intraoperative blood loss was 120 milliliters (IQR 70-280) and the median operating time was 392 minutes (IQR 353-455). Postoperative complications occurred in 251 patients (59%) and mainly involved pulmonary complications (n=138, 32%), anastomotic leakage (n=80, 18%), and cardiac complications (n=55, 13%). Mortality occurred in 9 patients (2%) and re-admission because of complications was required in 57 patients (14%). A median of 28 lymph nodes (IQR 21-35) were removed and a radical resection was achieved in 400 patients (92%).

Conclusion
The presented results are the first to provide an overview of the techniques that are commonly used in RAMIE. By demonstrating results that are in line with recent benchmarking literature, this study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of RAMIE.
O187 ANASTOMOTIC TECHNIQUES AND ASSOCIATED MORBIDITY IN TOTAL MINIMALLY-INVASIVE TRANSTHORACIC ESOPHAGECTOMY – RESULTS FROM THE ESOBENCHMARK DATABASE
Authors: Schroeder W , Raptis D , Schmidt H , Gisbertz S , Moons J , Asti E , Luyer M , Hoelscher A , Schneider P , van Berge Henegouwen M , Nafteux P , Nilsson M , Räsanen J , Palazzo F , Mercer S , Bonavina L , Nieuwenhuijzen G , Wijjnhoven B , Pattyn P , Grimminger P , Bruns C , Gutschow C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Total minimally-invasive transthoracic esophagectomy (ttMIE) faces increasing application in surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. For esophago-gastric reconstruction, different anastomotic techniques are currently used, but their impact on postoperative anastomotic leakage and morbidity has not been investigated. The aim of this retrospective multicenter analysis was to describe anastomotic techniques used for ttMIE and to analyze the associated morbidity.

Patients and Methods
Patients were selected from a basic dataset, collected over a 5-year period from 13 international surgical high-volume centers. Endpoints were anastomotic leakage rate and postoperative morbidity in correlation to anastomotic techniques, measured by the CD classification and the Comprehensive Complication Index® (CCI).

Results
Five anastomotic techniques were identified in 966 patients after ttMIE: Intrathoracic end-to-side circular-stapled technique in 427 patients (double-stapling n=90, purse-string n=337), intrathoracic (n=109) or cervical (n=255) side-to-side linear-stapled, and cervical end-to-side hand-sewn (n=175). Leakage rates were similar in intrathoracic and cervical anastomoses (15.9% vs. 17.2%, P=0.601), but overall complications (56.7%% vs. 63.7%, P=0.029) and median 90-day CCI (21 (IQR 0-36) vs. 29 (IQR 0-40), P=0.019) favored intrathoracic reconstructions. Leakage rates after intrathoracic end-to-side double-stapling (23.3%) and cervical end-to-side hand-sewn (25.1%) techniques were significantly higher compared with intrathoracic side-to-side linear (15.6%), end-to-side purse-string (13.9%) and cervical side-to-side linear-stapled esophago-gastrostomies (11.8%) (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed anastomotic technique as independent predictor of leakage after ttMIE.

Conclusion
Results of this analysis present the current status of the technical evolution of ttMIE with anastomotic leakage as predominant surgical complication. However, technique-related morbidity requires cautious interpretation considering the long learning curve of this complex surgical procedure.
Death of a Child Prior to Midlife, Dementia Risk, and Racial Disparities
Authors: Umberson Debra , Donnelly Rachel , Xu Minle , Farina Matthew , Garcia Michael A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study considers whether experiencing the death of a child prior to midlife (by parental age 40) is associated with subsequent dementia risk, and how such losses, which are more common for black than for white parents, may add to racial disparities in dementia risk.

Methods
We use discrete-time event history models to predict dementia incidence among 9,276 non-Hispanic white and 2,182 non-Hispanic black respondents from the Health and Retirement Study, 2000–2014.

Results
Losing a child prior to midlife is associated with increased risk for later dementia, and adds to disparities in dementia risk associated with race. The death of a child is associated with a number of biosocial variables that contribute to subsequent dementia risk, helping to explain how the death of child may increase risk over time.

Discussion
The death of a child prior to midlife is a traumatic life course stressor with consequences that appear to increase dementia risk for both black and white parents, and this increased risk is explained by biosocial processes likely activated by bereavement. However, black parents are further disadvantaged in that they are more likely than white parents to experience the death of a child, and such losses add to the already substantial racial disadvantage in dementia risk.
Body Appreciation and Health Care Avoidance: A Brief Report
Authors: Cook Mackenzie , Ramseyer Winter Virginia , O’Neill Elizabeth A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research suggests that body image is related to health behaviors and health care use, but possible mechanisms for this relationship remain unclear. The current study examined the presence of a relationship between body appreciation and avoiding the doctor to avoid being weighed, using a diverse sample of women (N = 499). Controlling for body size and determinants of health care utilization, logistic regression results suggested that women with higher body appreciation were less likely to avoid health care to avoid being weighed (odds ratio = 0.38, p &lt; .001). In addition, differences in avoiding the doctor to avoid being weighed were found for the covariates (that is, age, race, body mass index, and socioeconomic status). These results inform knowledge regarding barriers to health care use and the relationship between body image and health care use. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for future research, social work interventions, and social work education to promote women’s health and well-being.
The Role of Bacteria and Its Derived Metabolites in Chronic Pain and Depression: Recent Findings and Research Progress
Authors: Li Shan , Hua Dongyu , Wang Qiaoyan , Yang Ling , Wang Xinlei , Luo Ailin , Yang Chun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain is frequently comorbid with depression in clinical practice. Recently, alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites derived therefrom have been found to potentially contribute to abnormal behaviors and cognitive dysfunction via the “microbiota–gut–brain” axis.

Methods
PubMed was searched and we selected relevant studies before October 1, 2019. The search keyword string included “pain OR chronic pain” AND “gut microbiota OR metabolites”; “depression OR depressive disorder” AND “gut microbiota OR metabolites”. We also searched the reference lists of key articles manually.

Results
This review systematically summarized the recent evidence of gut microbiota and metabolites in chronic pain and depression in animal and human studies. The results showed the pathogenesis and therapeutics of chronic pain and depression might be partially due to gut microbiota dysbiosis. Importantly, bacteria-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived metabolites, and secondary bile acids, offer new insights into the potential linkage between key triggers in gut microbiota and potential mechanisms of depression.

Conclusion
Studying gut microbiota and its metabolites has contributed to the understanding of comorbidity of chronic pain and depression. Consequently, modulating dietary structures or supplementation of specific bacteria may be an available strategy for treating chronic pain and depression.
Analytic Extensions of Representations of *-Subsemigroups Without Polar Decomposition
Authors: Oeh Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Let $(G,\tau )$ be a finite-dimensional Lie group with an involutive automorphism $\tau $ of $G$ and let ${{\mathfrak {g}}} = {{\mathfrak {h}}} \oplus {{\mathfrak {q}}}$ be its corresponding Lie algebra decomposition. We show that every nondegenerate strongly continuous representation on a complex Hilbert space ${\mathcal {H}}$ of an open $^\ast $-subsemigroup $S \subset G$, where $s^{\ast } = \tau (s)^{-1}$, has an analytic extension to a strongly continuous unitary representation of the 1-connected Lie group $G_1^c$ with Lie algebra $[{{\mathfrak {q}}},{{\mathfrak {q}}}] \oplus i{{\mathfrak {q}}}$. We further examine the minimal conditions under which an analytic extension to the 1-connected Lie group $G^c$ with Lie algebra ${{\mathfrak {h}}} \oplus i{{\mathfrak {q}}}$ exists. This result generalizes the Lüscher–Mack theorem and the extensions of the Lüscher–Mack theorem for $^\ast $-subsemigroups satisfying $S = S(G^\tau )_0$ by Merigon, Neeb, and Ólafsson. Finally, we prove that nondegenerate strongly continuous representations of certain $^\ast $-subsemigroups $S$ can even be extended to representations of a generalized version of an Olshanski semigroup.
Pharmacokinetics and antiviral activity of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in cerebrospinal fluid following long-acting injectable administration in HIV-infected adults
Authors: Letendre Scott L , Mills Anthony , Hagins Debbie , Swindells Susan , Felizarta Franco , Devente Jerome , Bettacchi Christopher , Lou Yu , Ford Susan , Sutton Kenneth , Shaik Jafar Sadik , Crauwels Herta , D’Amico Ronald , Patel Parul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Long-acting (LA) formulations of cabotegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, and rilpivirine, an NNRTI, are in development as monthly or 2 monthly intramuscular (IM) injections for maintenance of virological suppression.

Objectives
To evaluate cabotegravir and rilpivirine CSF distribution and HIV-1 RNA suppression in plasma and CSF in HIV-infected adults participating in a substudy of the Phase 2b LATTE-2 study (NCT02120352).

Methods
Eighteen participants receiving cabotegravir LA 400 mg + rilpivirine LA 600 mg IM [every 4 weeks (Q4W), n = 3] or cabotegravir LA 600 mg + rilpivirine LA 900 mg IM [every 8 weeks (Q8W), n = 15] with plasma HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL enrolled. Paired steady-state CSF and plasma concentrations were evaluable in 16 participants obtained 7 (±3) days after an injection visit. HIV-1 RNA in CSF and plasma were assessed contemporaneously using commercial assays.

Results
Median total CSF concentrations in Q4W and Q8W groups, respectively, were 0.011 μg/mL and 0.013 μg/mL for cabotegravir (0.30% and 0.34% of the paired plasma concentrations) and 1.84 ng/mL and 1.67 ng/mL for rilpivirine (1.07% and 1.32% of paired plasma concentrations). Cabotegravir and rilpivirine total CSF concentrations exceeded their respective in vitro EC50 for WT HIV-1 (0.10 ng/mL and 0.27 ng/mL, respectively). All 16 participants had HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL in plasma and CSF, and 15 of 16 participants had HIV-1 RNA &lt;2 copies/mL in CSF.

Conclusions
A dual regimen of cabotegravir LA and rilpivirine LA achieved therapeutic concentrations in the CSF resulting in effective virological control in CSF.
Toward the Interpretation of Positive Testing for Fentanyl and Its Analogs in Real Hair Samples: Preliminary Considerations
Authors: Salomone A , Bigiarini R , Palamar J J , McKnight C , Vinsick L , Amante E , Di Corcia D , Vincenti M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The detection of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in hair has become extensively researched in recent years. Although most NPS fall into the classes of synthetic cannabinoids and designer cathinones, novel synthetic opioids (NSO) have appeared with increasing frequency in the illicit drug supply. While the detection of NSO in hair is now well documented, interpretation of results presents several controversial issues, as is quite common in hair analysis. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method able to detect 13 synthetic opioids (including fentanyl analogs) and metabolites in hair was applied to 293 real samples. Samples were collected in the USA between November 2016 and August 2018 from subjects who had reported heroin use in the past year or had already tested positive to hair testing for common opiates. The range, mean and median concentrations were calculated for each analyte, in order to draw a preliminary direction for a possible cut-off to discriminate between exposure to either low or high quantities of the drug. Over two-thirds (68%) of samples tested positive for fentanyl at concentrations between LOQ and 8600 pg/mg. The mean value was 382 pg/mg and the median was 95 pg/mg. The metabolites norfentanyl and 4-ANPP were also quantified and were found between LOQ and 320 pg/mg and between LOQ and 1400 pg/mg, respectively. The concentration ratios norfentanyl/fentanyl, 4-ANPP/fentanyl and norfentanyl/4-ANPP were also tested as potential markers of active use and to discriminate the intake of fentanyl from other analogs. The common occurrence of samples positive for multiple drugs may suggest that use is equally prevalent among consumers, which is not the case, as correlations based on quantitative results demonstrated. We believe this set of experimental observations provides a useful starting point for a wide discussion aimed to better understand positive hair testing for fentanyl and its analogs in hair samples.
Influence of in-situ rock stress on the stability of roadway surrounding rock: a case study
Authors: Ji Ming , Guo Hongjun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In-situ rock stress was measured in the development roadway of Gucheng coal mine at +420 m level by using the stress relief method of hollow inclusion. The results show that the first principal stress was the vertical stress, the maximum horizontal principal stresses were distributed in the range of N10°E and N20°E, and the average side pressure coefficient was 0.83. There was a large difference between the maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress, and the calculated average ratio was 2.02. A spatial stress conversion model of the horizontal roadway based on the measured in-situ rock stresses was built, and the distribution laws of stress and displacement of the surrounding rock of the roadway were analyzed in depth along the changing radial direction. According to the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, an asymmetric surrounding rock plastic zone was obtained and the plastic failure radius was 5.0 m. Considering the roadway-surrounding rock differential control, the stronger support in the risk areas was practiced and validated. The work in this paper would provide some ideas for the design and optimization of the support parameters for roadway engineering.
Black to Ireland: Circum-Atlantic Double Exposure and Racialized Jump Cuts in The Emperor Jones
Authors: Johnson Katie N 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Emperor Jones (1933) was a film aimed at critiquing empire while also evoking the black diaspora. Yet the film was created by a team of Irish-American artists (playwright Eugene O’Neill, director Dudley Murphy, and actor Dudley Digges). Their work on The Emperor Jones came from a commitment to the idea that the colonization of Ireland was of a piece with the results of anti-black racism, colonialism and imperialism (although not similar), and as a way of negotiating their own contested relationship with legitimating structures in white, US culture. The film’s racial politics, which have been debated since its premiere, repeatedly interlink a range of global and circum-Atlantic legacies of white imperialism. The Emperor Jones abounds with contradictions: it both shattered racial constraints in American film while also articulating racial anxieties. We can see this manifested in two ways. First, the film’s anti-imperialist, antiracist ambitions are visible in the director’s attempt to overlay different cartographies, memories, and experiences of racial violation with a technique that I call “circum-Atlantic double exposure.” The second characteristic, which I call the “racialized jump cut,” is the mark of state censors and local projectionists who spliced out potentially inflammatory material from the film. Central to my argument is that double-exposure works together with racialized jump cuts in The Emperor Jones: the cut points to the doubling; the dissolve highlights the (w)hole. These two strikingly divergent and paradoxical features of the film—the director’s accretions and the state’s depletions—expose the problematics of representing imperial violence.