bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Enceladus plume biosignature analysis: Successful capture of organic ice particles in hypervelocity impacts
Authors: New James S. , Kazemi Bahar , Price Mark C. , Cole Mike J. , Spathis Vassi , Mathies Richard A. , Butterworth Anna L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnceladus is a compelling destination for astrobiological analyses due to the presence of simple and complex organic constituents in cryovolcanic plumes that jet from its subsurface ocean. Enceladus plume capture during a flyby or orbiter mission is an appealing method for obtaining pristine ocean samples for scientific studies of this organic content because of the high science return, reduced planetary protection challenges, and lower risk and expense compared to a landed mission. However, this mission profile requires sufficient amounts of plume material for sensitive analysis. To explore the feasibility and optimization of the required capture systems, light gas gun experiments were carried out to study organic ice particle impacts on indium surfaces. An organic fluorescent tracer dye, Pacific Blue™, was dissolved in borate buffer and frozen into saline ice projectiles. During acceleration, the ice projectile breaks up in flight into micron‐sized particles that impact the target. Quantitative fluorescence microscopic analysis of the targets demonstrated that under certain impact conditions, 10–50% of the entrained organic molecules were captured in over 25% of the particle impacts. Optimal organic capture was observed for small particles (d ~ 5–15 µm) with velocities ranging from 1 to 2 km s−1. Our results reveal how organic capture efficiency depends on impact velocity and particle size; capture increases as particles get smaller and as velocity is reduced. These results demonstrate the feasibility of collecting unmodified organic molecules from the Enceladus ice plume for sensitive analysis with modern in situ instrumentation such as microfluidic capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis with ppb organic sensitivity.
Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab‐like symptoms, and Rz1‐resistance breaking in sugar beet
Authors: Tamada Tetsuo , Uchino Hirokatsu , Kusume Toshimi , Iketani‐Saito Minako , Chiba Sotaro , Andika Ida Bagus , Kondo Hideki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBeet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) generally has a four‐segmented positive‐sense RNA genome (RNAs 1–4), but some European and most Asian strains have an additional segment, RNA5. This study examined the effect of RNA5 and RNA3 on different sugar beet cultivars using a Polymyxa‐mediated inoculation system under field and laboratory conditions. In field tests, the degree of sugar yield served as an index for assessing the virulence of BNYVV strains. Japanese A‐II type isolates without RNA5 caused mostly 15%–90% sugar yield reductions, depending on the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars, whereas the isolates with RNA5 induced more than 90% yield losses in the seven susceptible cultivars, but small yield losses in one Rz1‐resistant and Rizor cultivars. However, a laboratory‐produced isolate containing RNA5 but lacking RNA3 caused higher yield losses in Rizor than in susceptible plants, and induced scab‐like symptoms on the root surface of both susceptible and resistant plants. In laboratory tests, A‐II type isolates without RNA5 had low viral RNA accumulation levels in roots of Rizor and Rz1‐resistant plants at early stages of infection, but in the presence of RNA5, viral RNA3 accumulation levels increased remarkably. This increased RNA3 accumulation was not observed in roots of the WB42 accession with the Rz2 gene. In contrast, the presence of RNA3 did not affect RNA5 accumulation levels. Collectively, this study demonstrated that RNA5 is involved in the development of scab‐like symptoms and the enhancement of RNA3 accumulation, and suggests these characteristics of RNA5 are associated with Rz1‐resistance breaking.
Southern Accents and Partisan Stereotypes: Evaluating Political Candidates
Authors: Ash Kathleen , Johnson Wesley , Lagadinos Gracie , Simon Sarah , Thomas Jared , Wright Evan , Gainous Jason 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveRecent research suggests that many American voters use candidate accents as an evaluative heuristic. We build on this research by examining whether this effect is conditional on the partisan positions of the candidate and across participant party identification.MethodsWe designed an experiment using actors to record candidate stump speeches, manipulating the accent of the candidate and the partisan issue position of the candidate.ResultsDemocrats and Republicans in our sample were more likely to believe candidates with southern accents were Republican as opposed Democrat, and were also more likely to negatively evaluate candidates with a southern accent. This was true in both instances regardless of whether the candidate espoused a typical Democratic or Republican issue position. Democrats’ judgments of candidates with southern accents, though, were harsher than those of Republicans and, again, this was the case across the partisan positioning of the candidate. Finally, both Democrats and Republicans in our pool were less likely to say they would vote for the candidate with a southern accent regardless of the partisan position of the candidate.ConclusionOur results confirm that accent is a heuristic and add nuance to our understanding of how partisanship shapes this effect.
Topsoil characteristics of forests and lawns along an urban–rural gradient in the Paris region (France)
Authors: Foti Ludovic , Barot Sébastien , Gignoux Jacques , Grimaldi Michel , Lata Jean‐Christophe , Lerch Thomas Z. , Nold François , Nunan Naoise , Raynaud Xavier , Abbadie Luc , Dubs Florence 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUrban soils are a crucial component of urban ecosystems, especially in public green spaces, because of the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. public recreation, urban cooling or water infiltration). In this study, we describe the chemical, physical and hydrostructural characteristics of 180 forest and lawn surface soil samples, taken along an urban–rural gradient in the Paris region. This was done in order to identify how these soils have been affected by urbanization. Forests and lawns are the main vegetation types found in this region and represent 21% and 22.2% of the territory's surface area, respectively. Many of the properties of urban forest soils differed from those of other sites (e.g. texture, organic carbon content, total nitrogen and carbonate contents), possibly because the urban forests are much older than the lawns and because of the legacy of the historical management of soils in this region (Haussmann period). Urban lawn soils were more compacted than urban forests, probably due to higher foot traffic. The effects of urbanization were, at times, confounded with other factors (e.g. sandier texture of urban forests), which suggests that surface soil characteristics were influenced by past urban planning. Finally, this study constitutes a baseline analysis for the monitoring of soil quality in the region.
Dependence of Enstrophy Transport and Mixed Mass on Dimensionality and Initial Conditions in the Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability Induced Flows1
Authors: Zhou Ye , Groom Michael , Thornber Ben 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a comparative study of the enstrophy budget and mixed mass between two- and three-dimensional flows induced by Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI). Specifically, the individual contributions to the enstrophy budget due to the production from baroclinicity and from vortex stretching (which vanishes in two-dimensional (2D) flow) are delineated. This is enabled by a set of two- and three-dimensional computations at Atwood 0.5 having both narrow- and broad-band perturbations. A further three-dimensional (3D) computation is conducted at Atwood 0.9 using an identical narrowband perturbation to the Atwood 0.5 case to examine the sensitivity to density ratio. The mixed mass is also considered with the goal to obtain insight on how faithfully a simplified calculation performed in two dimensions can capture the mixed mass for an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) or other practical application. It is shown that the late time power law decay of variable density enstrophy is substantially different in two and three dimensions for the narrowband initial perturbation. The baroclinic production term is negligible in three dimensions (aside from the initial shock interaction), as vortex stretching is larger by two orders of magnitude. The lack of vortex stretching considerably reduces the decay rate in both narrowband and broadband perturbations in two dimensions. In terms of mixed mass, the lack of vortex stretching reduces the mixed mass in two dimensions compared to three in all cases. In the broadband cases, the spectral bandwidth in the 2D case is wider; hence, there is a longer time period of sustained linear growth which reduces the normalized mixed mass further.
The Efficiency of Aqueous Vermiculite Dispersion Fire Extinguishing Agent on Suppressing Three Typical Power Batteries
Authors: Wang Haibin , Sun Qiang , Guo Jun , Xie Song , He Yuanhua , Chen Xiantao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Fire extinguishing technology has become an important component for addressing battery safety issues. To accelerate the research of fire extinguishing technology for typical power batteries used in electric vehicles and electric aircraft, in this paper, an aqueous vermiculite dispersion (AVD) fire extinguishing agent is used to suppress the thermal runaway (TR) of batteries in various material systems. Two characteristic physical parameters, namely, temperature and flue gas composition, are analyzed and compared in two scenarios (with and without the fire extinguishing agent). Two typical clean fire extinguishing agents (Novec 1230 and 2-BTP) are also applied in the fire extinguishing experiment. The cooling effect of these two extinguishing agents is compared, demonstrating the advantages of the AVD extinguishing agent in terms of extinguishing and cooling.
Effect of diabetes on exosomal miRNA profile in patients with obesity
Authors: Kim Hyoshik , Bae Yun-Ui , Lee Haekyung , Kim Hyoungnae , Jeon Jin Seok , Noh Hyunjin , Han Dong Cheol , Byun Dong Won , Kim Sang Hyun , Park Hyeong Kyu , Ryu Seongho , Kwon Soon Hyo 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionObesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. T2DM increases the risk of cardiovascular-related death. We investigated changes in circulating exosomal microRNA (miRNA) profiles in patients with DM with obesity compared with patients without DM with obesity.Research design and methodsThis prospective study involved 29 patients with obesity (patients without DM=16, patients with DM=13) and healthy volunteers (HVs) (n=18). We measured circulating levels of exosomal miRNAs by next-generation sequencing and compared miRNA levels across the three groups.ResultsThe expression levels of 25 miRNAs (upregulated=14, downregulated=11) differed between patients with obesity with DM and patients with obesity without DM. Compared with HV, patients with DM with obesity had 53 dysregulated miRNAs. Additionally, moving stepwise from HV to patients with obesity without DM to patients with obesity with DM, there was a consistent increase in expression levels of miR-23a-5p and miR-6087 and a consistent decrease in expressions levels of miR-6751-3p.ConclusionsOur data show that the exosomal miRNAs is altered by dysregulated glucose metabolism in patients with obesity. This circulating exosomal miRNA signature in patients with obesity with or without DM is a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in these patients.
Haemodynamic analysis of adult patients with moyamoya disease: CT perfusion and DSA gradings
Authors: Shi Zhiyong , Ma Guofeng , Zhang Dong 
Published: September 2020

ObjectMoyamoya disease (MMD) is a common and chronic progressive stenotic-occlusive cerebrovascular disease in Eastern Asia. To evaluate the hemispheric haemodynamic status of adult patients with MMD, we explored the potential risk factors of hemispheric perfusion alterations with CT perfusion (CTP) and DSA.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 44 male and 44 female (176 hemispheres) adult patients with MMD who had both DSA and CTP. Data on cerebral blood perfusion (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transmit time (MTT), time to peak (TTP) of cerebral hemisphere and cerebellum were gathered and difference of relative haemodynamic parameters between different subgroups were assessed with independent sample t analysis, one-way analysis of variance and general linear regression analysis.ResultsParameters in regional CBF (rCBF) of frontal, temporal lobe and basal ganglia in female was more superior than male. rCBF, regional MTT (rMTT) and regional TTP (rTTP) in adult MMD patients with haemorrhage were superior than the ischaemic. With the increase of age, significant difference could be seen in rCBF and rCBV of thalamus. However, with progress of arterial stenosis, significant difference could only be obsevrved in rCBV, rMTT and rTTP, whereas rCBF had no significant difference. For increase of moyamoya vessels, significant decrease of rCBF could be seen in temporal and parietal lobe. With the increase of compensatory artery numbers, no significant difference could be seen in rCBF parameters (p>0.05).ConclusionsIn adult MMD patients, age, gender and clinical type were potential risk factors for the change of cerebral perfusion. When arterial stenosis is worsened, moyamoya vessels could alter perfusion of temporal and parietal lobe, but not frontal lobe. Extracranial/intracranial compensatory arteries could maintain microcirculation stability in frontal lobe and basal ganglia, indicating that the protection from extracranial compensatory arteries, a theoretic base for surgery treatment if necessary.
A low-cost three-dimensional reconstruction and monitoring system using digital fringe projection
Authors: Ullah Furqan , Miran Sajjad , Ahmad Furqan , Ullah Irfan 
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the design and construction of a low-cost three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and monitoring system using digital fringe projection (DFP) is proposed, which can perform small- and large-scale measurements in different environments and can be applied to various applications such as intelligent monitoring, 3D online inspection, and obstacle detection for vehicle guidance. The contribution of this paper is threefold: (i) development of a comprehensive 3D measuring system that performs sensors handling, coordinate acquisition, reconstruction, and display process simultaneously and quickly; (ii) proposal of new filters to improve quality and efficiency of the system; and (iii) development of a real-time virtual 3D measurement system to calibrate and analyze the proposed methodologies. Optical and simulation measurement results are presented to verify the feasibility and performance of the developed systems. The observed RMS difference was found to be <0.021 mm in the optical measurement. From measured results, it can be concluded that the proposed systems and adopted methodology are effective in obtaining 3D surface profiles.
Electronic properties of α − 𝒯3 quantum dots in magnetic fields
Authors: Filusch Alexander , Fehske Holger 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We address the electronic properties of quantum dots in the two-dimensional α − 𝒯3 lattice when subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field. Implementing an infinite mass boundary condition, we first solve the eigenvalue problem for an isolated quantum dot in the low-energy, long-wavelength approximation where the system is described by an effective Dirac-like Hamiltonian that interpolates between the graphene (pseudospin 1/2) and Dice (pseudospin 1) limits. Results are compared to a full numerical (finite-mass) tight-binding lattice calculation. In a second step we analyse charge transport through a contacted α − 𝒯3 quantum dot in a magnetic field by calculating the local density of states and the conductance within the kernel polynomial and Landauer-Büttiker approaches. Thereby the influence of a disordered environment is discussed as well.

Graphical abstract
Technical Perspective
Authors: Gehrke Johannes 
Published: September 2020

Never make a promise - you may have to keep it. - Neil Jordan
Database systems were known to provide strong consistency guarantees. As an example, database textbook defines the ACID guarantees as "four important properties of transactions to maintain data in the face of concurrent access and system failures" [2]. Beyond atomicity, consistency, and durability, the "I" in ACID is loosely defined as "Users should be able to understand a transaction without considering the effects of other concurrently executing transactions, even if the DBMS interleaves the actions of several transactions for performance reasons" [2]. In the resulting model called serializable execution, each transaction operates like it has the database to itself, and the result of running a set of transactions is equivalent to some serial execution of these transactions.
Abstract 1012: Determinants of immune evasion in MET driven lung cancer
Authors: Saigi Maria , Yoshida Ryohei , Knelson Erik H , Mahadevan Navin R , Vajdi Amir , Cañadas Israel , Thai Tran C , Awad Mark M. , Sánchez-Céspedes Montse , Barbie David A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE: The 5' ectonucleotidase (NT5E) encodes for the CD73 membrane protein that converts the extracellular AMP into adenosine (Ado), an immunosuppressive nucleoside that generates anti-inflammatory responses by stimulating T cell anergy. We aimed to analyze CD73 expression across non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore its role in immunomodulation and its predictive value to immunotherapy (ICI).
METHODS: We analyzed CD73 (NT5E) expression across lung adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and determined top co-expressed genes or correlations with alterations in lung cancer (LC) driver genes. Correlations were validated in specific cancer cell lines using appropriate treatments to activate or inhibit selected pathways. A CRISPR-Cas9 CD73-knockout cell line model was generated to explore direct regulation of extracellular Ado production, as well as impact on secreted cytokines. Finally, we performed staining of CD73 and other immune-related molecules (CD8+ TILs, PD-L1, STING) in a pilot cohort of NSCLC patients (n=35) treated with first line ICI +/- chemotherapy at the DFCI.
RESULTS: TCGA analysis revealed strong correlation between MET and CD73 expression and identified MET altered tumors, either by MET exon 14 skipping mutations (METex14) or MET amplification, as being enriched for high CD73 expression (p=0.03). Functional assays using LC cell lines showed that MET activation increases CD73 expression at a transcriptional and protein level by using qPCR, western-blot and flow-cytometry. Additional adenosinergic-related molecules, including the adenosine receptor A2BR (ADORA2B), were co-regulated in parallel with CD73, defining a specific phenotype. In our pilot cohort of patients, CD73 high expression (2+) was found in 20% of lung tumors, mostly adenocarcinomas, whereas 50% were negative (0+) for CD73 expression. CD73 was positively associated with high CD8+ (p= 0.02). Clinical outcomes are being evaluated to elucidate the potential role of CD73 as a predictive marker to ICI.
CONCLUSIONS: MET altered tumors and LC cell lines express high levels of CD73 and other adenosinergic-related molecules, representing a potential mechanism of immune evasion and target for immunotherapy. The potential predictive role of CD73 expression in a larger cohort of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) will be performed.
Citation Format: Maria Saigi, Ryohei Yoshida, Erik H Knelson, Navin R Mahadevan, Amir Vajdi, Israel Cañadas, Tran C Thai, Mark M. Awad, Montse Sánchez-Céspedes, David A Barbie. Determinants of immune evasion in MET driven lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1012.
Abstract 1029: Epigenetic control of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte metabolic-exhaustion
Authors: Koss Brian , Shields Bradley D. , Taylor Erin M. , Storey Aaron J. , Byrum Stephanie D. , Gies Allen J. , Washam Charity L. , Choudhury Samrat Roy , Ahn Jeong Hyun , Uryu Hidetaka , Krager Kimberly J. , Chiang Tung-Chin , Mackintosh Samuel G. , Edmondson Rick D. , Aykin-Burns Nukhet , Wang Gang Greg , Tackett Alan J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Direct competition between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer cells for metabolic resources often renders T cells dysfunctional. It is becoming clearer that T cell metabolic changes can precede functional exhaustion. In the case of solid tumors, the driving force of this dysfunction is thought to be a result of inhibitory metabolism (e.g. glucose deprivation and mitochondrial dysfunction). The mechanisms connecting inhibitory metabolism and T cell metabolic exhaustion are largely unknown. Interestingly, T cells undergo a loss of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 (H3K27me3) during tumor infiltration. Methyltransferases, like EZH2, depend on mitochondria to supply S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAM), the primary methyl donor. We sought to determine if there was a link between EZH2 and mitochondrial function. In this work, we utilized highly specific EZH2 inhibitors to model acute inhibition of EZH2 in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Taking an unbiased, multi-omics approach (proteomics, RNAseq, ChIPseq) we fully interrogate the downstream consequences of EZH2 inhibition in T cells. The loss of H3K27me3 does indeed lead to an induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn, drives a dependency on glycolytic metabolism and sensitivity to glucose withdrawal. The metabolic shift phenotype was confirmed using extracellular metabolic flux analysis. In T cells, we found the loss of H3K27me3 repression of the Cdkn2aArf locus to be a major contributor to mitochondrial dysfunction, independent of the canonical role to stabilize p53. Furthermore, we show Arf-/- mice are resistant to EZH2-inhibition induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Reprogramming tumor-specific T cells to exogenously express a gain-of-function EZH2 mutant (Y641F) resulted in an enhanced ability of T cells to inhibit solid tumor growth. This work demonstrates the potential for manipulation of EZH2 in cellular therapies for solid tumors with harsh metabolic conditions and sheds light on the dynamic interplay of epigenetics and metabolic sufficiency.
Citation Format: Brian Koss, Bradley D. Shields, Erin M. Taylor, Aaron J. Storey, Stephanie D. Byrum, Allen J. Gies, Charity L. Washam, Samrat Roy Choudhury, Jeong Hyun Ahn, Hidetaka Uryu, Kimberly J. Krager, Tung-Chin Chiang, Samuel G. Mackintosh, Rick D. Edmondson, Nukhet Aykin-Burns, Gang Greg Wang, Alan J. Tackett. Epigenetic control of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte metabolic-exhaustion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1029.