bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird-epiphyte interactions in three Atlantic Forest environments in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Boechat Rafael Ferreira , da Silva Bianca Ferreira , Nunes-Freitas André Felippe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpiphytes reach up to 67% of the total plant species richness in some tropical areas and act as diverse food resources that can be crucial in times of food scarcity. The avifauna assists in their reproduction, either through pollination or seed dispersal, thus creating a vast interaction spectrum between both communities within a continuous ecological process. Few scientific studies concerning avian and epiphytic community interactions are available and not much is known on their specific relationships. However, their absence can change existing ecological processes in habitats. With this in mind, a study undertaken at the Reserva Ecológica do Guapiaçu, Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ analyzed bird and epiphytic interactions in three different environments: forest, fragmented forest and pastureland. The aim was to study how these interactions can vary according to their degree of conservation and successional stage. Three observation points were marked in a forest, nine points in forest fragments and ten observation points in the pastureland, thus providing a total of 1056 observation hours. As a result, 643 avian and epiphytic interactions were registered. We tested differences in the number of interactions between the areas. The initial hypothesis was that the largest number of registered interactions would occur in the preserved forest given its preserved state and existing biodiversity; however, the pasture area presented the highest number and variety of interactions. Most of the birds observed in the different habitats presented a high interaction in pasture areas where resource availability is reduced, making epiphytes an important food supply. Epiphytes permit a valuable network of interactions by attracting a high diversity of birds, especially those that disperse fruit or pollinate flowers, illustrating their importance within a degraded environment.
Hybridization between Yellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata and Red-crested Cardinal P. coronata in southern Argentina
Authors: Segura Luciano N. , De Maio Federico A. , Failla Mauricio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe genus Paroaria is a group of conspicuous songbirds widely distributed in South America that has been studied recently to delimit its species and establish their phylogenetic relationships. Although hybridization has been reported between the most phylogenetically related species of the genus, we here present a case of hybridization between the Yellow-billed Cardinal (P. capitata) and Red-crested Cardinal (P. coronata) for the first time, two phylogenetically unrelated members of the group. This data contributes to the knowledge of this avian group whose systematics is still under debate.
First documented record of Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulea (Parulidae) in Brazil
Authors: de Farias Fernando Bittencourt , Dalpaz Larissa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea; Parulidae) is a “Vulnerable” species which breeds in North America and migrates to winter in South America. Here we present the first documented record of the species in Brazil. One male was photographed foraging in the canopy of secondary forest on Santa Catarina island, south Brazil, on 07 April 2018. At the time of the record the species was expected to be on migration north to North America. Since the individual was heading south it is assumed that it was lost. This record can then be potentially explained by the vagrancy theory of reverse migrants.
Evidence of breeding activity of subadult Turdus thrushes in Argentina
Authors: Barboza Exequiel , Capllonch Patricia , Ortiz Fernando Diego , Jahn Alex E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the age at which many Neotropical bird species first attempt to breed. We evaluated the breeding condition of 515 adult and subadult males and females among four species ofTurdusthrushes (T. nigriceps, T. chiguanco, T. amaurochalinusandT. rufiventris) in Tucumán, Argentina during three breeding seasons (2015 to 2018). We registered a total of 126 individuals with brood patches and cloacal protuberances, which accounted for 24.5% of thrushes in breeding condition that we sampled. Forty thrushes had a brood patch (31.7% of those in breeding condition), of which 11 were subadults (8.7%). Eighty-six thrushes (68.3%) had a swollen cloacal protuberance, 18 of which were subadults (14.3%). Only a few of the subadults in breeding condition built nests, incubated eggs or raised nestlings. Of 130 nests we found, only 3 belonged to a subadult thrush (in all cases, a subadult female with an adult social mate), one of which was successful. Further research on these patterns among various Neotropical bird species could lead to important insights into the life history strategies that characterize different populations, and how these ultimately affect their population dynamics.
Reproductive behavior of White-tailed Kites (Elanus leucurus) in the Pampas of Argentina
Authors: Baladrón Alejandro V. , Cavalli Matilde , Pretelli Matías G. , Bó María S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus) is a raptor that has been less studied in the Neotropics than in the Nearctic region, especially in relation to its reproductive behavior. In this study, we report information about the phenology and activity patterns of this raptor at the Pampas of Argentina. We found that White-tailed Kites have a prolonged breeding season, from October to May. Time-activity budgets of mating pairs indicated a pronounced division of roles in parental care between sexes. Females devoted most of their time to nest construction, incubation and chick care (80% of total time) and males to food provisioning and vigilance (70% of total time). We registered 11 cases of prey transfer from the male to the female. In four cases the transfer occurred in flight and in the remaining seven cases while individuals were perched. Our results agree with general patterns on breeding behavior of White-tailed Kites from North America, suggesting a consistent behavioral pattern throughout the species’ distribution.
Nesting information for Tropeiro Seedeater (Sporophila beltoni), an endemic songbird from southern Brazil
Authors: Repenning Márcio , Fontana Carla Suertegaray 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present the first nesting information for the Tropeiro Seedeater (Sporophila beltoni), a newly described and poorly known Neotropical passerine endemic to southern Brazil. We observed a novel male biased behavior for nest site selection in the Tropeiro Seedeater based on seven events of pre-nesting display courtship. We describe the nest, eggs, nestlings, and fledglings based on 133 nests found over four breeding seasons (2007 to 2011). The nest is a cup-shaped structure made with dry grass inflorescences and spider webs. It is placed in low, forked branches of substrate shrubs and contains multiple attachment points. The eggs are typically white with dark spots or stripes, and are pyriform in shape. Average egg dimensions are 18.2 × 13.2 mm. Nestlings fledge after 10 days. We provide the key information for distinguishing the nest, eggs, nestlings and fledglings of S. beltoni from other sympatric Sporophila species.
First observations of the diet of the Pearl Kite (Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus) in southwestern Ecuador
Authors: Orihuela-Torres Adrian , Brito Jorge , Pérez-García Juan Manuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe describe the diet of Pearl Kite (Gampsonyx swainsonii magnus) by pellet analysis collected in an active nest in southwest Ecuador in May 2018. Reptiles were the most consumed taxonomic group both in frequency of occurrence (FO = 46.4%) and in biomass (B = 59.8%), followed by birds (FO = 33.9% and B = 38.3%) and insects (FO = 19.6% and B = 1.8%). Our results showed Pearl Kite as a generalist raptor but with a higher consumption of reptiles, which is according with previous studies in other areas where other subspecies inhabit, despite this subspecies showed a higher consumption of birds. Despite the low sample size, this study is interesting as it is the first one on the diet of the Pearl Kite for Ecuador and also for this subspecies. Basic studies on the trophic ecology of Neotropical raptors such as this are needed. For this reason we encourage further studies to fill existing gaps in knowledge and improve effective long-term conservation strategies.
Multi-cover skeins, quivers, and 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 dualities
Authors: Ekholm Tobias , Kucharski Piotr , Longhi Pietro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The relation between open topological strings and representation theory of symmetric quivers is explored beyond the original setting of the knot-quiver correspondence. Multiple cover generalizations of the skein relation for boundaries of holomorphic disks on a Lagrangian brane are observed to generate dual quiver descriptions of the geometry. Embedding into M-theory, a large class of dualities of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories associated to quivers is obtained. The multi-cover skein relation admits a compact formulation in terms of quantum torus algebras associated to the quiver and in this language the relations are similar to wall-crossing identities of Kontsevich and Soibelman.
Paleotemperature reconstruction using environmental isotopes and noble gases in groundwater in Morocco
Authors: Túri Marianna , Saadi Radouan , Marah Hamid , Temovski Marjan , Molnár Mihály , Palcsu László 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA Turonian limestone-dolomite aquifer from the Tadla basin of Morocco was analysed using a multi-tracer approach (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C, 3H, 14C and noble gases) to reconstruct the paleotemperature evolution from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene. The Turonian aquifer was found to be suitable for a groundwater-based paleoclimate reconstruction, representing the Holocene–late Pleistocene epochs. After correction for young water contribution, mean residence times (MRTs) of groundwater were calculated using the Pearson radiocarbon model. Additionally, terrigenic helium content was used as an age indicator. Noble gas temperature (NGT) results from wells with groundwater ages corresponding to glacial periods showed an average of 17.2 ± 1.7°C. In contrast, samples of recent recharge water gave a mean NGT of 25.2 ± 1.3°C. This reveals a temperature difference of 8.0 ± 2.1 °C between the Holocene and late Pleistocene. This significant Pleistocene–Holocene temperature difference observed in Africa has considerable significance and can be extended to address an important topic relating to the nature of the wet epochs during which the fossil aquifers of North Africa were recharged. It is evident that this aquifer was recharged during both interglacial (warm) and glacial (cool) wet periods.
d-Galactose-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the cochlear basilar membrane: an in vitro aging model
Authors: Guo Bin , Guo Qing , Wang Zhan , Shao Jian-Bo , Liu Ke , Du Zheng-De , Gong Shu-Sheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cochlear basilar membrane (CBM) contains inner hair cells and outer hair cells that convert sound waves into electrical signals and transmit them to the central auditory system. Cochlear aging, the primary reason of age-related hearing loss, can reduce the signal transmission capacity. There is no ideal in vitro aging model of the CBM. In this study, we cultured the CBM, which was dissected from the cochlea of the C57BL/6 mice 5 days after birth, in a medium containing 20 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, or 60 mg/mL d-galactose (d-gal). Compared with the control group, the levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase were increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the CBM of the d-gal groups. In addition, levels of the mitochondrial superoxide and patterns of an age-related mitochondrial DNA3860-bp deletion were significantly increased. The ATP levels and the membrane potential of the mitochondrial were significantly decreased in the CBM of the D-gal groups compared with the control group. Furthermore, in comparison with the control group, damaged hair cell stereocilia and a loss of inner hair cell ribbon synapses were observed in the CBM of the d-gal groups. A loss of hair cells and activation of caspase-3-mediated outer hair cell apoptosis were also observed in the CBM of the high-dose d-gal group. These insults induced by D-gal in the CBM in vitro were similar to the ones that occur in cochlear natural aging in vivo. Thus, we believe that this is a successful in vitro aging model using cultured CBM. These results demonstrate the effects of mitochondrial oxidative damage on presbycusis and provide a reliable aging model to study the mechanisms of presbycusis in vitro.
Clinical Cardiovascular Applications of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Lewis Andrew J. M. , Tyler Damian J. , Rider Oliver 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques provide an exquisite assessment of the structure and function of the heart and great vessels, but their ability to assess the molecular processes that underpin changes in cardiac function in health and disease is limited by inherent insensitivity. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance is a new technology which overcomes this limitation, generating molecular contrast agents with an improvement in magnetic resonance signal of up to five orders of magnitude. One key molecule, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, shows particular promise for the assessment of cardiac energy metabolism and other fundamental biological processes in cardiovascular disease. This molecule has numerous potential applications of clinical relevance and has now been translated to human use in early clinical studies. This review outlines the principles of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and key potential cardiovascular applications for this new technology. Finally, we provide an overview of the pipeline for forthcoming hyperpolarized agents and their potential applications in cardiovascular disease.
The appropriateness of the macroeconomic imbalance procedure for Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Dany-Knedlik Geraldine , Kämpfe Martina , Knedlik Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe European Commission’s Scoreboard of Macroeconomic Imbalances is a rare case of a publicly released early warning system. It was published first time in 2012 by the European Commission as a reaction to public debt crises in Europe. So far, the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure takes a one-size-fits-all approach with regard to the identification of thresholds. The experience of Central and Eastern European Countries during the global financial crisis and in the resulting public debt crises has been largely different from that of other European countries. This paper looks at the appropriateness of scoreboard of the Macroeconomic Imbalances Procedure of the European Commission for this group of catching-up countries. It is shown that while some of the indicators of the scoreboard are helpful to predict crises in the region, thresholds are in most cases set too narrow since it largely disregarded the specifics of catching-up economies, in particular higher and more volatile growth rates of various macroeconomic variables.
Minimal cosmological masses for nearly standard-model photons or gluons
Authors: Resca Lorenzo Gallerani 
Published: February 2020

AbstractI conjecture non-zero bare masses for nearly standard-model photons or gluons, derived from quantum-mechanical localization at a cosmological scale. That entails the existence of photon or gluon Bose–Einstein (BE) condensates in a comoving Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker geometry. I derive tantalizing results that set the inter-particle distance in these BE condensates almost at the nucleon scale and a corresponding critical temperature of condensation almost at the end of the quark epoch or the beginning of quark–gluon confinement. My estimates for particle mass and number density in these BE condensates suggest remarkable relations among fundamental constants, $$h, c, G, \Lambda $$h,c,G,Λ, at the most microscopic and cosmological scales of quantum and relativity theories.
Modified Dual-Path Allocation Algorithm in Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Olszewski Ireneusz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDual-path allocation problem is considered to be a case of multipath routing in Elastic Optical Networks. In this article, the optimization problem is formulated and a dual-path allocation algorithm that solves this problem proposed. In the considered problem all traffic for each request is broken into two equal parts, which are directed along two link-disjoint paths. After any link failure, half of the traffic for each affected request is realized. The proposed algorithm is based on the two weight matrices: the elements of the first one depend on the actual length of the links and their utilization, while the elements of the second one assume unit values if the links exist in the network. The proposed algorithm rejects smaller requests and provides a much lower bandwidth blocking probability than other analyzed algorithms.
How platforms facilitate collaboration across organizational boundaries: fighting human trafficking in Sweden
Authors: Erikson Josefina , Larsson Oscar L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe use of collaborations and partnerships that engage a variety of actors from both the public and private spheres has drawn attention during the last decade as a promising strategy for combatting trafficking and improving assistance to victims of trafficking. This article investigates the Swedish Civil Society Platform against Human Trafficking as an example of successful collaboration between civil society actors. The aim is to explore how the platform as a distinct organizational form is capable of dealing productively with some of the challenges facing internal and external collaboration. We utilize interviews with key actors and a study of policy documents as we argue that the modularity and flexibility of the platform organizational form are key factors in its success. While it is a robust type of organization that may be regarded as a trustworthy partner, it also permits its member organizations to continue functioning as independent entities.
Fake Claims of Fake News: Political Misinformation, Warnings, and the Tainted Truth Effect
Authors: Freeze Melanie , Baumgartner Mary , Bruno Peter , Gunderson Jacob R. , Olin Joshua , Ross Morgan Quinn , Szafran Justine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFact-checking and warnings of misinformation are increasingly salient and prevalent components of modern news media and political communications. While many warnings about political misinformation are valid and enable people to reject misleading information, the quality and validity of misinformation warnings can vary widely. Replicating and extending research from the fields of social cognition and forensic psychology, we find evidence that valid retrospective warnings of misleading news can help individuals discard erroneous information, although the corrections are weak. However, when informative news is wrongly labeled as inaccurate, these false warnings reduce the news’ credibility. Invalid misinformation warnings taint the truth, lead individuals to discard authentic information, and impede political memory. As only a few studies on the tainted truth effect exist, our research helps to illuminate the less explored dark side of misinformation warnings. Our findings suggest general warnings of misinformation should be avoided as indiscriminate use can reduce the credibility of valid news sources and lead individuals to discard useful information.
The Persistence of High Levels of Living Alone Among Adults with Disabilities in Sweden, 1993–2011
Authors: Sandström Glenn , Namatovu Fredinah , Ineland Jens , Larsson Daniel , Ng Nawi , Stattin Mikael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how the probability to live alone has developed among working age individuals with and without disabilities in Sweden during the period 1993–2011 when extensive political reforms to improve the integration of disabled individuals in society were implemented. The results show that individuals with disabilities are approximately twice as likely to be living alone when compared to individuals without disabilities. People with disabilities were also more likely to report low life satisfaction, and this was especially true among individuals with disabilities living alone. Men and women with disabilities also tend to experience longer periods of living as a one-person household than non-disabled people. Over time we find no indications of reduced differences in family outcomes between disabled and non-disabled individuals but rather evidence to the contrary. These differences are interpreted as being the result of the disadvantage disabled individual’s experience in the partner market and that people with disabilities are less successful in forming partnerships that can lead to cohabitation and family formation. The results thus show how disabled individuals still face societal barriers that limit their possibilities to find and sustain relationships that result in stable cohabitation despite increased efforts to improve their inclusion in Swedish society.
Highly conductive wear resistant Cu/Ti3SiC2(TiC/SiC) co-continuous composites via vacuum infiltration process
Authors: Yang Dexuan , Zhou Yu , Yan Xingheng , Wang Honglei , Zhou Xingui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe MAX phase Ti3SiC2 has broad application prospects in the field of rail transit, nuclear protective materials and electrode materials due to its excellent electrical conductivity, self-lubricating properties and wear resistance. Cu-Ti3SiC2 co-continuous composites have superior performance due to the continuous distribution of 3D network structures. In this paper, the Cu/Ti3SiC2(TiC/SiC) co-continuous composites are formed via vacuum infiltration process from Cu and Ti3SiC2 porous ceramics. The co-continuous composites have significantly improved the flexural strength and conductivity of Ti3SiC2 due to the addition of Cu, with the conductivity up to 5.73×105 S/m, twice as high as the Ti3SiC2 porous ceramics and five times higher than graphite. The reaction between ingredients leads to an increase in the friction coefficient, while the hard reaction products (TiCx, SiC) lower the overall wear rate (1×10−3 mm3/(N•m)). Excellent electrical conductivity and wear resistance make co-continuous composites more advantageous in areas such as rail transit.
Johann Rists Monatliche Unterredungen als rhetorische Konversationsanleitung
Authors: Multhammer Michael 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt die Form von Johann Rists Monatlichen Unterredungen in den Fokus. Dabei soll erwiesen werden, dass die dort zum Tragen kommenden rhetorischen Strukturen der eigentliche Endzweck der Schriften sind, wodurch sie anhand der Besprechung aktueller Inhalte zu einer umfassenden Rhetorikschulung für die zeitgenössische Jugend werden. Im Anschluss an Habermas wird über den Begriff einer ›Konversationsöffentlichkeit‹ und dessen Potenzial zur Klärung von Gattungsfragen reflektiert.