bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothesis: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and environmental pollutants
Authors: Swash Michael , Eisen Andrew 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are relevant in the causation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a multistep cascade. We suggest that exposure to environmental pollutants in early life is one such factor. ALS was first described in the 19th century in the context of the Industrial Revolution that began more than 50 years earlier. The rising incidence of ALS thereafter correlates with increasing longevity, but this is an incomplete association. We suggest that increasing exposure to environmental pollutants due to industrial activity, acting over a lifetime, is also important. The combination of genetic mutations and pollutant exposure, with increased life expectancy, may account for the apparent variations in incidence of the disease in different countries and continents and even regionally within a given country. This hypothesis is testable by focused epidemiological studies, evaluating early and lifelong industrial pollutant exposure of differing types, within the Bradford Hill framework.
Impact of Enteral Feeding on Vasoactive Support in Septic Shock: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ewy Matthew , Aqeel Masooma , Kozeniecki Michelle , Patel Kadam , Banerjee Anjishnu , Heyland Daren K. , Patel Jayshil J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntroducing enteral nutrition (EN) during hemodynamic instability may induce the splanchnic steal phenomenon, which may worsen systemic oxygen delivery and increase vasopressor dose. We aimed to determine the change in vasopressor dose in septic shock patients who received concomitant EN. We hypothesize that EN delivery is not associated with worsening hemodynamic instability, as defined by an increase in vasopressor dose ≥50% at 24 hours.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational cohort study of adult patients with septic shock who were admitted to the intensive care unit from January 2015 to June 2015 and received EN. Vasopressor and EN parameters were collected at 6‐hour intervals for the first 24 hours.ResultsData were available for 28 consecutive patients. The mean age was 60 years (SD = 18), and 54% were females. Norepinephrine (NE) was used in 100%. EN and vasopressor overlap totaled 36 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 27–69). Median NE dose when starting EN was 5.9 μg/min (IQR, 3.88). Median change in dose from 0 to 6 hours was 0.85 μg/min (95% CI, 0.681.06; P = 0.136), corresponding to a median increase of 14.5%. Total NE duration was 60.5 hours (IQR, 47.5–75.5). No serious complications occurred.ConclusionThe median vasopressor dose did not increase by ≥50% during the first 24 hours of EN. This suggests early EN delivered during septic shock is not associated with worsening hemodynamic instability. Limitations include a small sample size and residual confounding. Prospective data are needed.
Weight Loss After Obesity is Associated with Increased Food Motivation and Faster Weight Regain in Mice
Authors: Matikainen‐Ankney Bridget A. , Ali Mohamed A. , Miyazaki Nanami L. , Fry Sydney A. , Licholai Julia A. , Kravitz Alexxai V. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWhile changes in diet often result in short‐term weight loss, weight loss is not typically maintained. It remains unclear why long‐term weight loss is so difficult. It was hypothesized that obesity produces persistent changes in behavior that bias animals toward weight regain after weight loss.MethodsMice were induced to gain weight with a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks and then induced to lose this weight with a low‐fat diet for 7 subsequent weeks. A control group was maintained on the low‐fat diet for all 13 weeks. Activity was measured continuously with home cage activity monitors for the entire experiment. Motivation for sweetened food pellets was tested following weight loss. A separate group of mice was reexposed to a high‐fat diet following 2, 4, or 8 weeks of withdrawal to assess the rate of weight regain.ResultsActivity levels decreased as animals gained weight and partially recovered following weight loss. Motivation for sucrose pellets was persistently heightened after weight loss. Consistent with these behavioral changes, mice also regained weight at a faster rate when reexposed to a high‐fat diet after a period of weight loss.ConclusionsWeight loss after obesity was associated with increased motivation for palatable food and an increased rate of weight regain.
Genetic and clinical risk factors associated with phenytoin‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Thai population
Authors: Sukasem Chonlaphat , Sririttha Suthida , Tempark Therdpong , Klaewsongkram Jettanong , Rerkpattanapipat Ticha , Puangpetch Apichaya , Boongird Apisit , Chulavatnatol Suvatna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe the genetic and clinical risk factors associated with phenytoin‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (PHT‐induced cADRs) in Thai patients.MethodA retrospective case‐control study was conducted among 88 PHT‐ cADRs (25 SJS/TEN, 37 DRESS/DIHS and 26 MPE) compared to 70 PHT‐tolerant controls during 2008‐2017. Genotyping was performed by Taqman RT‐PCR (EPHX1 337 T > C, EPHX1 416A > G and CYP2C9*3), pyrosequencing (UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*6) and polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe (HLA‐B). Chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with PHT‐cADRs.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that HLA‐B*46:01 was significantly associated with all PHT‐induced cADRs (OR 2.341; 95% CI, 1.078‐5.084; P = .032). Age of ≥60 years showed a significant association with PHT‐induced SJS/TEN (OR 3.600; 95% CI, 1.214‐10.672; P = .021). CYP2C9*3 was almost reaching statistically associated with an increased risk of PHT‐induced SJS/TEN (OR 4.800; 95% CI, 0.960‐23.990; P = .056). While HLA‐B*56:02/04 was found to have a significant association with PHT‐induced DRESS/DIHS (OR 29.312; 95% CI, 1.213‐707.994; P = .038). Moreover, female gender and HLA‐B*40:01 were associated with an increased risk of PHT‐induced MPE at OR 5.734; 95% CI, 0.910‐58.351; P = .042 and OR 3.647; 95% CI, 1.193‐11.147; P = .023, respectively.ConclusionBoth clinical (advanced age, female gender) and genetic factors (HLA‐B*46:01, CYP2C9*3, HLA‐B*56:02/04 and HLA‐B*40:01) contributed to the risk of PHT‐induced cADRs. Further studies with larger sample size may be warranted to confirm these findings and also the influence of EPHX1 gene.
Medication burden and frailty in older adults with intellectual disability: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: O'Connell Juliette , Henman Martin C. , McMahon Niamh , Burke Éilish , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , O'Dwyer Máire 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeRecently, efforts have been made to quantify frailty among older adults with intellectual disability (ID). Medication exposure is associated with frailty among older adults without ID. However, there is little research on this association among older adults with ID. The aim of this study was to examine specifically in people with ID the association between frailty and medication exposure, including anticholinergic and sedative medication exposure.MethodsData were drawn from Wave 2 (2013/2014) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS‐TILDA), a nationally representative study of older adults with ID in Ireland. A modified version of Fried's frailty phenotype was constructed. Drug burden measures were polypharmacy, Drug Burden Index (DBI), Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Sedative Load Model. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and identify associations between frailty and drug burden.ResultsThis study included 570 participants with ID. Excessive polypharmacy (use of ≥10 medications) was significantly associated with being pre‐frail (P = .017; OR = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19‐5.50) and frail (P < .001; OR 7.13; 95% CI 2.81‐18.12), but DBI, ACB or Sedative Load score were not significantly associated with frailty status (P > .05).ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine frailty and its association with medication use including anticholinergic and sedative medication burden among older adults with ID. Further research is required to investigate frailty as measured by other frailty models in relation to medication burden in older adults with ID.
Myocardial strain on admission predicts disease severity in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis
Authors: Claudia Massolo Anna , Vanina Cantone Giulia , Maria Caterina Musolino Anna , Corsini Iuri , Patel Neil , Evangelisti Melania , Monaco Francesca , Pia Villa Maria , Braguglia Annabella 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess cardiac function in infants with bronchiolitis and the association with disease severity and outcomes.Working HypothesisCardiac function may be impaired in bronchiolitis and represent an early predictor of disease severity.Study DesignA prospective cohort study.Patient SelectionInfants with suspected bronchiolitis were included.MethodologyAll cases received antigen detection and viral genome detection from nasal lavage or swabs and echocardiography within 24 hours from admission. Systolic and diastolic function in left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were assessed using longitudinal strain (LS), a measure of myocardial deformation. Pulmonary artery pressures were estimated using tricuspid regurgitation jet (TR), when present, and end‐systolic eccentricity index (EI ES). Main outcomes (duration of respiratory support, length of stay [LOS], and type of respiratory support) were collected. Data were compared to normative existing data, and a group of healthy infants, matched in age.ResultsTwenty‐eight infants with bronchiolitis and 10 healthy comparators were included. Cases with bronchiolitis showed significantly lower values of RV LS and LV LS compared to healthy comparators (LV: p0.04 and RV: P < .001). Ten infants (36%) had a normal biventricular function, nine (32%) had LV impairment, and nine (32%) had a biventricular impairment. No significant differences were found in TR and EI ES. Infants with biventricular impairment demonstrated a significant increase in LOS (p0.04) and higher levels of respiratory support compared to the healthy comparators (P = .03).ConclusionsBronchiolitis is associated with myocardial impairment. Cardiac function is related to disease severity and outcome.
Systematic literature review of primary‒secondary transitions: International research
Authors: Jindal‐Snape Divya , Hannah Elizabeth F. S. , Cantali Dianne , Barlow William , MacGillivray Stephen 
Published: March 2020

A systematic literature review of international empirical research was conducted to understand the impact of primary‒secondary transition on children’s experiences, outcomes and protective/risk factors. The review covered the period 2008‒2018 and met the gap in previous literature reviews. Using the EPPI‐Centre approach, authors included 96 studies in the review. Synthesis of the findings suggested that, in the main, perceived and real relationships with teachers and peers led to positive or negative experiences. Pupils and parents were primarily concerned with changes in relationships during the transition from primary to secondary school. Some studies reported that transition can also have a positive effect on opportunities for establishing new friendships. There was a decline in educational and wellbeing outcomes, and there was a link between the two. However, we cannot say with any confidence whether this impact on outcomes was as a result of the transition to secondary school, and whether it was sustained over time. Protective and risk factors were related to the child and significant others in their ecosystem. There were contradictory findings about the impact of organisational and educational systems. A limited number of studies examined the differential impact of transitions on children with additional support needs. This review is the first to bring together various aspects of transitions and as a result provides some unique insights and makes an original contribution. It became clear that it is difficult to predict the impact of interactions between experiences, outcomes and factors, given the gaps in existing literature. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy, practice and future research.
A Polymer‐Reinforced SEI Layer Induced by a Cyclic Carbonate‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Boosting 4.45 V LiCoO2/Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Hu Rongxiang , Qiu Huayu , Zhang Huanrui , Wang Peng , Du Xiaofan , Ma Jun , Wu Tianyuan , Lu Chenglong , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are enjoying a renaissance due to the high energy densities. However, they still suffer from the problem of uncontrollable Li dendrite and pulverization caused by continuous cracking of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. To address these issues, developing spontaneously built robust polymer‐reinforced SEI layers during electrochemical conditioning can be a simple yet effective solution. Herein, a robust homopolymer of cyclic carbonate urethane methacrylate is presented as the polymer matrix through an in situ polymerization method, in which cyclic carbonate units can participate in building a stable polymer‐integrated SEI layer during cycling. The as‐investigated gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) assembled LiCoO2/Li metal batteries exhibit a fantastic cyclability with a capacity retention of 92% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 180 mAh g−1), evidently exceeding that of the counterpart using liquid electrolytes. It is noted that the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonate units on the polymer close to the Li metal anodes enables a mechanically reinforced SEI layer, thus rendering excellent compatibility with Li anodes. The in situ formed polymer‐reinforced SEI layers afford a splendid strategy for developing high voltage resistant GPEs compatible with Li metal anodes toward high energy LMBs.
A multidomain virtual network embedding algorithm based on multiobjective optimization for Internet of Drones architecture in Industry 4.0
Authors: Zhang Peiying , Wang Chao , Qin Zeyu , Cao Haotong 
Published: March 2020

SummaryUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has a broad application prospect in the future, especially in the Industry 4.0. The development of Internet of Drones (IoD) makes UAV operation more autonomous. Network virtualization technology is a promising technology to support IoD, so the allocation of virtual resources becomes a crucial issue in IoD. How to rationally allocate potential material resources has become an urgent problem to be solved. The main work of this paper is presented as follows: (a) In order to improve the optimization performance and reduce the computation time, we propose a multidomain virtual network embedding algorithm (MP‐VNE) adopting the centralized hierarchical multidomain architecture. The proposed algorithm can avoid the local optimum through incorporating the genetic variation factor into the traditional particle swarm optimization process. (b) In order to simplify the multiobjective optimization problem, we transform the multiobjective problem into a single‐objective problem through weighted summation method. The results prove that the proposed algorithm can rapidly converge to the optimal solution. (c) In order to reduce the mapping cost, we propose an algorithm for selecting candidate nodes based on the estimated mapping cost. Each physical domain calculates the estimated mapping cost of all nodes according to the formula of the estimated mapping cost, and chooses the node with the lowest estimated mapping cost as the candidate node. The simulation results show that the proposed MP‐VNE algorithm has better performance than MC‐VNM, LID‐VNE, and other algorithms in terms of delay, cost and comprehensive indicators.
From the black box to the fish farming development policy project: A diagnosis from the viable system model
Authors: Alves Juliana Mariano , Rodrigues Waldecy , Vergara Fernán Enrique , Souza Fred Newton , Terra Leonardo Augusto Amaral 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA review of the current literature on the global relevance of fish farming reveals the complexity and uncertainty arising from problem situations related to the management of fishery resources. Thus, the present paper is aimed to present an example of the application of the viable system model in the organizational context of the fisheries development policy. It describes the process that begins by clarifying the identity, purpose, and limits of the political organization in question, followed by the vertical and horizontal unfolding of its complexity. The results demonstrate that the recursive structures have much to contribute to the consistency of the political decision processes, besides reducing the social and organizational costs supported by many current policies. The model adopted can guide the leaders of public and private organizations to apply cybernetic concepts to improve the communication and actions of their strategic policies, establishing conditions for the development of fish farming.
Mechanism and optimum design of shared tuned mass damper for twin‐tower structures connected at the top by an isolated corridor
Authors: Lyu Qing , Lu Wensheng , Wang Weiqiang , Chen Yue 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe concept of shared tuned mass damper (STMD) for twin towers linked by a sky corridor using flexible joints is proposed in this paper. The analytical expressions of the transform functions and random earthquake responses of the flexibly connected structures are derived using a three‐degrees‐of‐freedom model system. The seismic reduction mechanism of the STMD is revealed using comparative analysis between the structures with STMD and those connected using a viscoelastic damper. The effect of the nondimensional parameters such as the frequency ratio of the two primary structures, mass ratio, tuning frequency ratio of the corridor, and damping ratio of the passive control devices on the structural seismic response is investigated. Optimum parametric analysis is performed using the principle of minimizing the displacements of both towers, and the optimal parameter formulas are established. Numerical analysis is conducted to verify the control effectiveness of the connected multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to the El Centro earthquake ground motion. The results show that the earthquake responses of the towers can be effectively reduced if the parameters of the flexible connecting elements are appropriately selected for a certain corridor mass. Moreover, a remarkable seismic reduction effect can be achieved if the towers have similar dynamic properties.
Recovery of the type specimen ofAvena breviaristata, an endemic Algerian grass species collected only once (1882): Morphology, taxonomy and botanical history
Authors: Gabriel Jennifer , Tkach Natalia , Röser Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAvena breviaristata, collected only once (1882) in Algeria and never re‐collected since, is a very mysterious grass species because unfortunately even the type specimen got lost 60–80 years ago. Morphological information on this species was thus based on a few published descriptions, which made it difficult, however, to correctly infer the genus affiliation of this morphologically odd species.Avena breviaristatabecame affiliated in the past with various oat‐like genera (Avenula,Helictotrichon,Tricholemma). Due to the recent rediscovery of the type specimen at the P herbarium and the opportunity to study this specimen, we report here on the morphological characters ofA. breviaristata, underpinned by meaningful illustrations. They are discussed in comparison with the morphology of representative species of the above‐mentioned genera. Uncommon characters of the spikelets (type of disarticulation of the rachilla, lemma structure, lodicules) and to some extent of the inflorescences, leaves and leaf sheaths support the inclusion ofA. breviaristatain the North African genusTricholemma. Considering biogeography,T. breviaristatumfrom the arid Hauts Plateaux in Algeria is a highly xeromorphic counterpart of the mesomorphic speciesT. jahandiezii, which is confined to higher altitudes of the rather humid Moyen Atlas in Morocco. This underlines the status ofTricholemmaas a relic endemic. Our morphological survey supports the classification ofAvenula(onlyA. pubescens) as separate fromHelictotrichons.str. andHelictochloa. Moreover, morphological evidence does not support an origin ofA. pubescensby intergeneric hybridization between the latter genera as hypothesized in some prior studies. Especially the glabrous palea, the special shape of the lodicules and the structure of the awn show no intermediacy. The complicated history of the type collection ofT. breviaristatumand the role of botanical authors are given.
Wild rodents and insectivores as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira and Toxoplasma gondii in The Netherlands
Authors: Krijger Inge M. , Ahmed Ahmed A. A. , Goris Maria G. A. , Cornelissen Jan B. W. J. , Groot Koerkamp Peter W. G. , Meerburg Bastiaan G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmall mammals such as rodents can to carry zoonotic pathogens. Currently, there is impaired knowledge on zoonotic pathogens in rodents and insectivores in the Netherlands. This limits opportunities for preventive measures and complicates risk‐assessments for zoonotic transmission to humans. Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are present on a list of prioritized emerging pathogens in the Netherlands and were therefore the focus of this study. Both pathogens have the ability to survive under moist environmental conditions. In total, a group of 379 small mammals (rodents & insectivores) were tested on pathogenic Leptospira spp., and 312 on T. gondii. Rodents and insectivores were trapped at various sites, but mostly on pig and dairy farms throughout the country. Over five percent of the animals (5.3%, n = 379) tested positive for Leptospira DNA, and five of the animals (1.6%, n = 312) tested were positive for T. gondii DNA. The animals positive for T.gondii were all brown rats and the ones for Leptospira spp. were various species. Our results show that insectivores and rodents might be used as an indicator for the environmental contamination and/or the contamination in wildlife for Leptospira spp.
Sensitivity to light sterile neutrinos at ESSnuSB
Authors: Ghosh Monojit , Ohlsson Tommy , Rosauro-Alcaraz Salvador 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis in the 3+1 active-sterile neutrino oscillation scenario for the sensitivity of the ESSnuSB experiment in the presence of light sterile neutrinos assuming both a far (FD) and a near (ND) detector. Our analysis show that when the ND is included, the results are significantly different compared to the ones obtained with the FD only. We find that the capability of ESSnuSB to constrain the sterile mixing parameters is sin2 2θμe∼ 10−4 for ∆m2 = 1 eV2 if the ND is included and it becomes sin2 2θμe∼ 10−2 without the ND. Furthermore, we show that the sensitivity can go down to sin2 2θμe∼ 10−3 for the most conservative choice of the systematics on the ND. Comparing the sensitivity with T2HK, T2HKK, and DUNE by considering the FD only, we find that the sensitivity of ESSnuSB is smaller for most of the parameter space. Studying the CP violation sensitivity, we find that if the ND is included, it can be larger in the 3+1 scenario than in the standard one. However, if the ND is not included, the sensitivity is smaller compared to the one in the standard scenario. We also find that the CP violation sensitivity due to δ13 is larger compared to the one induced by δ24. The sensitivities are slightly better for the dominant neutrino running ratio of ESSnuSB.