bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Estimate of Average Cost of Hypertension and its catastrophic effect on the people living with hypertension: Patients’ perception from two Hospitals in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Idris , S.A.J Obansa 
Published: June 2020

Purpose of the study: The study was motivated by the high prevalence of hypertension and its associated costs of financing drugs to treating the disease. Hypertension has become a source of worry to the sufferers and caregivers given its direct and indirect cost implications. The study specifically estimated the direct average cost of treating hypertension and verified its catastrophic effect on the sufferers in Nigeria.
Methodology: To achieve the objective, the study undertook the review of related literature on the burden of hypertension. It utilized the primary method of data collection by administering structured questionnaires to the target respondents in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital and National Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Data were descriptively analyzed using frequency and percentage with the aid of SPSS version 22.
Main findings: The result revealed that the average annual cost attributable to hypertension treatment is N145, 086.12 per patient. The study documented that 191(82 percent) patients undertook personal health spending. Hypertension financing was discovered to be catastrophic among 30.5 percent of the least income patients. Therefore, it concluded that the average cost of treating hypertension was high among urban dwellers and catastrophic among the least earners.
Research Implications: The findings will be relevant for the policy framework for government relating to healthcare financing and the establishment of intervention schemes that will alleviate the burdens associated with hypertension among the sufferers. Health planners and administrators will immensely benefit from the study as the study revealed the knowledge of treating hypertension for planning purposes and reference points for both researchers and academics.
Novelty of the study: Knowledge relating to the direct cost of treating hypertension annually for intervention purposes is limited. Therefore, to touch lightly upon this, the study attempted an estimation of the average annual direct cost of treating hypertension and its associated burdens to the sufferers through a survey investigation. Findings, therefore, will advance the existing knowledge on the burden of hypertension and the policy of healthcare interventions.
Politique de recherche nationale et risque environnemental global
Authors: Crespy Cécile , Jouvenet Morgan 
Published: June 2020

La « crise de l'ozone » a transformé les sciences de l'atmosphère. Sur le plan politique, elle a entrainé une reconfiguration des discussions internationales sur l'environnement, aujourd'hui bien documentée. Mais comment la question de la pollution par les chlorofluorocarbones (CFC) a-t-elle influencé les relations entre savants et politiques en France, au cours des années 1970 ? Quels sont les tenants et aboutissants du soutien dont les spécialistes français de la stratosphère ont bénéficié, dans la première phase de cette crise ? L'article propose de le saisir à travers le prisme offert par les archives de la Délégation générale à la recherche scientifique et technique (DGRST), organisme qui a constitué l'un des vecteurs importants de ce soutien, avec la mise en place d'une « action concertée » (AC) dédiée à la physico-chimie de la stratosphère (1976-1981). L'exploitation de ces archives permet de montrer comment la nécessité d'une coopération internationale s'est articulée avec des enjeux de souveraineté nationale, au sujet d'une crise environnementale globale. Elle permet aussi d'analyser la teneur des interactions entre décideurs scientifiques et politiques, au sein du dispositif des AC. S'il démultiplie les forces de recherche, il apparait aussi comme un lieu important de définition de la « recherche utile », dans lequel les chercheurs sont directement confrontés aux attentes du pouvoir politique.
Coproduire la règle du jeu
Authors: Benquet Marlène , Foureault Fabien , Lagneau-Ymonet Paul 
Published: June 2020

Dans cet article, nous concevons le droit des affaires comme un processus agonistique de coproduction de règles, entre les représentants des autorités publiques et ceux d'intérêts privés. L'interdépendance asymétrique entre les agents qui exercent le pouvoir d'instituer les règles ­ y compris celles de l'accumulation de capital ­ et les intermédiaires financiers qui se disputent les moyens de son allocation explique la miseen place, à la fin des années 1990, d'une niche fiscale favorable au capital-investissement ­ les contrats d'assurance-vie DSK. Notre approche, qui ne considère l'État ni comme une sorte d'arbitre ni comme l'instrument des capitalistes, permet ainsi de restituer les rivalités entre financiers, ainsi que les différends entre administrations centrales, cabinets ministériels et élus. Ces antagonismes indiquent que les règles de droit comme leurs usages ne sont pas extérieurs à l'activité économique, mais bien constitutifs des manières de faire du profit. Dans les affaires, établir la règle du jeu fait partie du jeu.
LEARNING ELECTRIC CIRCUITS: THE CONTENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITTEN ARGUMENTS
Authors: Balia Constantinia , Skoumios Michael 
Published: June 2020

<p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of a teaching intervention for electric circuits on the content of elementary school students’ written arguments. Educational material was constructed based on the constructivist approach to learning with the use of science and engineering practices and was implemented with 34 students aged 11 years. A questionnaire that was provided to students before and after the teaching intervention (pre-test, post-test) was used to collect the data. Data analysis was carried out by classifying the sufficiency of the components of the arguments into levels. The analysis of written answers (arguments) was performed with a framework for assessing the content of arguments (appropriateness of their components: claim, evidence, and reasoning). The data analysis showed that the students significantly improved the content of their arguments.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0698/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Vol. 1, N.º 1, Jun-Dez 2020 - "Radiografia ao COVID-19"
Authors: Editorial Conselho 
Published: June 2020

Primeira publicação da ROENTGEN - Revista Científica das Técnicas Radiológicas, com especial destaque para a temática da pandemia COVID-19 e sua relação e afetação com as Técnicas Radiológicas.
Como tal, nesta publicação poderão consultar diversos artigos científicos relacionados com as diversas áreas técnicas da Radiologia, bem como ter acesso a artigos de opinião, sugestões de leitura e entrevistas com personalidades de referência da Radiologia em Portugal, nomeadamente nas áreas de saúde pública (Florentino Serranheira), qualidade (Ana Terezinha Rodrigues), ensino e investigação (Maria Luísa Nogueira).
Este é o início de uma nova era, este é o início da ROENTGEN – Revista Científica das Técnicas Radiológicas.
An Isolated Transosseous Flexible Suture Frame in the Treatment of Patellar Tendon Rupture Provides Adequate Mechanical Resistance
Authors: Besa Pablo , Telias Alberto , Orrego Francisca , Guzmán-Venegas Rodrigo , Cariola Martín , Amenábar Diego , Palma Felipe H. , Irarrázaval Sebastián , Orrego Mario 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Acute patellar tendon ruptures are frequently observed in patients with metabolic comorbidities, and the benchmark treatment is surgical repair. It is desirable not to harm an already fragile biologic environment with sutures and hardware. We aimed to compare the mechanical requirements of an isolated, flexible, high-strength nonabsorbable transosseous suture frame with that of the Krackow suture technique.

Methods:
A total of 12 cadaveric pieces were randomized into two groups: the isolated flexible frame group (n = 6) and the standard Krackow fixation group (n = 6). A traumatic rupture of the patellar tendon was performed, and a transosseous displacement sensor was installed on a validated biomechanical system. Gap formation was measured during 50 cycles of flexion and extension with traction on the quadriceps (250 N). Subsequently, specimens underwent progressive loading in a fixed flexion position until failure occurred. The data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tools with a significance level of 5%.

Results:
The isolated frame group had a smaller gap formation (1.7 mm) than the Krackow group (3.4 mm; P = 0.01). No significant difference existed in the median failure end points of the two groups (676 and 530 N, respectively; P = 0.11).

Discussion:
Patellar tendon repair using an isolated, transosseous, flexible, suture frame outperformed using the traditional Krakow repair technique in gap formation. Further studies are needed to determine if this will result in better functional outcomes or fewer clinical failures.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, experimental case series
Geen verhaalsrecht werkgever voor afgedragen pensioenpremie
Authors: Schellevis R.J. 
Published: June 2020

Geen verhaalsrecht werkgever voor afgedragen pensioenpremie
Als een werknemer arbeidsongeschikt raakt, is de werkgever op grond van artikel 7:629 lid 1 BW, en vaak ook op grond van de geldende arbeidsovereenkomst, verplicht om het loon in ieder geval gedurende twee jaar (deels) door te betalen aan de arbeidsongeschikte werknemer. Deze kosten kunnen behoorlijk oplopen, maar de werkgever hoeft deze kosten niet altijd geheel zelf te dragen. In de gevallen waarin een derde aansprakelijk is voor de arbeidsongeschiktheid van de werknemer, kan de werkgever deze loonschade namelijk op grond van artikel 6:107a lid 2 BW op deze aansprakelijke derde verhalen.
New Sales and Contract Law in Argentina and France
Authors: Muñoz Edgardo , Morfín Kroepfly Inés 
Published: June 2020

New Sales and Contract Law in Argentina and France: Models for Reform Inspired by the CISG and the PICC?
The Argentine and the French civil codes have recently undergone substantial modifications to their contract law provisions. These novel statutes could serve as models for future B2B contract law reforms in Latin American jurisdictions and beyond, as former Argentine and French laws have done in the past. The authors offer a contribution that paves the way in that direction with a systematic comparative analysis. As a starting point, this article unveils the influence that the modern unified laws on contracts (UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts (PICC) and United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods of 1980 (CISG)) have in Argentina’s and France’s new contract law. It also highlights the most obvious similarities and differences in both sets of rules. This contribution goes beyond simple tertium comparisons; the authors analyse which of the two laws offers better, or more effective, rules to achieve the desired contract law functions in various matters. Readers are provided with the best rule or solution to address the problem in question and, as the authors hope, they should conclude that both models provide for a range of complementary solutions for modern contract law reforms.
Evaluating the Ecology and Distribution of Snail Hosts of Schistosoma at the Water Bodies in Ihitte-Uboma Area of Imo State
Authors: Nwachukwu M. O. , Azorji J. N. , Ukaoma A. A. , Onyebuagu P. C. , Izundu M. I. 
Published: June 2020

Intermediate snail host of Schistosoma species are known to exist and constitute public health problems in Imo state. Effects on this study were devoted to evaluate the ecology and distribution of the snail hosts of Schistosoma species at the water bodies of Ihitte Uboma local Government area and this was researched during the months of June and September, 2015. A total of 600 pulmonate or lunged snails were collected using scoop net technique from different water bodies in five villages, out of these, 345 (57.5%) were dissected and screened for cercariae of human Schistosomes 67 (19.4%) tested positive. The snail infected were Bulinus species 55 (82.1%) and Biomphalaria Pfeifferi (17.9%), out of the Bulinus species, Bulinus globosus recorded the widest ecological range, highest distribution and infection rate of 44.8% followed by Bulinus truncatus (22.4%). The other two genera Lymnaea spp and Melanoides spp encountered in the study did not test positive for cercariae. Environmental modifications such as water resources development schemes in the area are some of the ecological and epidemiological risk factor promoting the spread of the snails. Statistically, presence of urinary and intestinal Schistosomiasis becomes indicated in Ihitte Uboma L.G.A. Regular and timing mollusciciding, malacological and public health education are therefore recommended and imperative.
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus Isolated from Poultry Birds in Ado- Ekiti, Nigeria
Authors: Fagbohun E. D. , Ayantola K. J. , Toyin-Famoroti A. J. 
Published: June 2020

Aim: The study was carried out to isolate and identify Aspergillus species from commercial birds with suspected aspergillosis in the poultry farms within Ado Ekiti metropolis Nigeria.
Place and Period of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti, Nigeria in August 2016.
Methodology: A total of 35 sick/suspected birds were collected randomly from three poultry farms. At Ago-Aduloju poultry farms, 15 samples were randomly collected from 1000 birds while at Ekiti State University poultry farms, 10 samples were randomly collected from 500 birds. At Federal Polytechnic Ado Ekiti poultry farms, 10 samples were randomly collected from 700 birds. The bird’s selection was on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms such as difficulty in breathing, weight loss, drooping of wings and exercise intolerance. Swab samples were collected from each suspected/sick bird for mycological culture and molecular characterization of the isolates from each bird was carried out. The isolates were identified based on the color of the culture on Potato Dextrose Agar and microscopic examination. Molecular identification was done using 23S Ribosomal RNA Gene and Partial Sequence.
Results: Six fungal strains that showed similar morphological and cultural characteristics of Aspergillus species were isolated. The isolates were coded ASP 1, ASP 2, ASP 3, ASP 4, ASP 5, and ASP 6. The identified organisms were; Aspergillus fumigatus qH 107 (ASP 1), Aspergillus fumigatus qH 107 (ASP 2), Aspergillus flavus M09 (ASP 3), Aspergillus flavus UOMS6 (ASP 4), Aspergillus fumigatus qH 107 (ASP 5), Aspergillus flavus qH 107 (ASP 6).
Conclusion: It is evident that Aspergillus species were predominant in poultry farms selected in this study. Necessary precaution should be put in place to prevent the spread of aspergillosis. Poultry farmers are advised to avoid damp environments, moldy feeds, dry and dusty litters. Adequate ventilation should always be provided in poultry farms to prevent Aspergillosis.
In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Anti-trypanosomal Activity of Carica papaya Seed Extracts and Fractions in Albino Wister Rats
Authors: Kinjir H. , Madusolumuo M. A. , Sarkiyayi S. 
Published: June 2020

Aims: This study presents baseline data on the In-vitro and In-vivo evaluation of anti-trypanosomal activity of Carica papaya seed extracts and fractions in Albino Wister rats.
Study Design: Mention the design of the study here.
Place and Duration of Study Sample: Department of Biochemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, between June 2009 and July 2010.
Methodology: 56 Wister rats of both sexes were randomly divided into 8 groups (I – VIII) of 7 rats each were used for this study. Four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg) of different extracts of seed carica papaya were screened for trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei In vitro and In vivo. The effect of the extracts was evaluated for trypanocidal activity in rats infected and not infected with the parasite. Administration of the extract and the drugs was orally daily for 5 consecutive days from day 7 of post infection. Level of parasitemia and body weight was taken daily for 21 days.
Results: The extracts inhibited parasite motility and totally eliminated the organisms at the concentrations used In vitro. The extract also showed promising in vivo trypanocidal activity. The observed In vitro and In vivo trypanocidal activities may be due to the presence of bioactive compounds present in the extracts as seen in this study. The extract also improved the observed decreases in haematological parameters of the treated rats, which may be due to their ability to decrease parasite load. The LD50 was estimated to be ≥2,000 mg/Kg (v/v) for acute oral toxicity test (because all the rats survived at the end of the 14-day observation period). This is an indication of very low toxicity, implying that the extract could be administered with some degree of safety. A significant decreased (p<0.05) were observed in weight of rats at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg 400 mg/kg 800 mg/kg negative control and prophylactic at four to eight days of infections, while significantly increased (p<0.05) were observed in weight of rats for berenil control and normal control.
Conclusion: The decrease in weight of rats could be as a result of loss of appetite due to severe fever and also the trypanosome.
Effect of Certain Rootstocks on Vegetative, Reproductive Growth and Yield of Cashew Cultivars
Authors: Janani P. , Adiga J. D. , Kalaivanan D. 
Published: June 2020

Vigour reduction through dwarf rootstocks is an essential element of high density planting systems. Cashew is a vigorous evergreen perennial woody plant that is traditionally cultivated in a low density planting system. The present investigations were carried out at ICAR-Directorate of Cashew Research, Puttur, Karnataka, India to find out the effects of vigour controlling rootstocks on vegetative growth and yield of cashew cultivars. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with twelve combinations of scion/rootstock with three replications. Different growth habits of four cashew varieties scions (Ullal-3, VRI-3, NRCSel-2 and Vengurla-4) grafted on two dwarfing rootstocks (NRC-492 and Taliparamba-1) and one vigorous rootstock (Vengurla-4) were studied. The results revealed that various stionic combinations varied to growth and yield parameters. Significant interactions indicated that Taliparamba-1 (dwarfing rootstock) with VRI-3 consistently reduced the growth and vigour based on their lower mean tree height, plant volume, TCSA and canopy spread. Stionic combination of VRI-3/ NRC 492 recorded the highest cumulative nut yield of 16.77 kg/ tree (5 seasons of cropping). Based on observation on growth and yield of various stionic combinations revealed that NRC 492 could be used as a rootstock to induce semi dwarfism with a higher nut yield.
Spatial Distributions of Anthropogenic Induced Gaseous - Particulate Pollutants and Non-Enzymatic Abiotic Stress Responses of Citrius sinesis Leaves
Authors: Dan Emmanuel U. , David Enobong M. , Effiong Anietie E. , Efiong Nsinem E. , Udo Awasiakan I. 
Published: June 2020

Aims: To determine the spatial distribution pattern of anthropogenic induced gaseous and particulate pollutants in air samples around major roads within Uyo Metropolis, Southern Nigeria. Also, to assess the response in terms of changes in concentrations of some non-enzymatic biochemical markers of Citrius sinesis leaves (orange) collected from these locations.
Study Design: Air samples from six major heavy traffic roads and a control site within Uyo Metropolis was collected. Citrius sinesis leaves were also collected from each major roads and Control to determine possible variations in concentrations of biochemical markers contents.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, University of Uyo, Uyo, between September 2019 and January 2020.
Methodology: Absorption train techniques involving the adsorption of pollutant gases from air samples in a particular location into appropriate reagent solutions was adopted for this study. Estimation of the concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO was done by calorimetric techniques. Concentrations of total phenolic, proline, malonialdehyde (MDA), cellulose, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents in Citrius sinesis leaves were determined using UV/Visible spectrophotometer.
Results: Air samples collected from major roads with heavy traffic and extraneous local automobile emissions recorded higher levels of all the gaseous and particulates pollutants analyzed than Control. Leaves of C. sinesis exposed to higher concentrations of these pollutants showed a higher accumulation of all the biochemical markers studied except chlorophyll, which was higher in leaves from the control site.
Conclusion: Anthropogenic activities directly increases the spatial distribution pattern and concentrations of gaseous and particulate pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5). Also, C. sinesis leaves from major roads within Uyo Metropolis showed different responses in terms of accumulation of these biochemical markers.
Nutritional Status and Its Determinants among Fulani Children Aged 6-24 Months in a Rural Community of Kaduna State, Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Danimoh Mustapha Abdulsalam , Idris Suleiman Hadeja , Dikko Hussaini Garba , Olorukooba Abdulhakeem Abayo , Mohammed Amina , Ayodeji Olawepo Olatayo 
Published: June 2020

Background: Nutritional status of young children is an important measure of their health status, growth, and development. There is a knowledge gap in the nutritional status of Fulani children aged 6 – 24 months in Nigeria. Our study, therefore, aims to assess the nutritional status of Fulani children (6 – 24 months old) and its determinants.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 209 children were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from the children and converted to Z-scores to determine nutritional status. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Bivariate analysis was conducted to examine the relationships between respondents’ socio-demographic factors and nutritional status. Statistical significance was determined at a p-value of ≤0.05.
Results: A majority (62.2%) of the children were aged 6 – 12 months. The prevalence’s of stunting, wasting and underweight were 44.9%, 9.6% and 16.3% respectively. A higher proportion (55.3%) of male children were stunted compared to females. Most (51.1%) of the children aged 6 – 12 months were stunted compared to those aged 13 -24 months. There was a statistically significant association between stunting and age (p = 0.004). Children aged 6 -12 months (OR = 2.5, CI: 1.3 – 4.8) were at higher risk of developing stunting compared to those aged 13 – 24 months.
Conclusion and Recommendation: The proportion of children that were stunted and those that were underweight was high. Therefore, there is a need for health authorities to ensure continuous growth monitoring practices of young children among the Fulani people to detect growth failure early in life and institute interventions.