bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leg Length Balance in Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients with Unilateral Crowe Type IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Du Yin‐qiao , Sun Jing‐yang , Ma Hai‐yang , Wang Sen , Ni Ming , Zhou Yong‐gang 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo explore the leg length balance in total hip arthroplasty (THA) with shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy (SSTO) or not for unilateral Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) through the evaluation of postoperative full‐length anteroposterior radiographs.MethodsThe postoperative radiographs of 60 patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH from July 2012 to May 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent THA using the Pinnacle Acetabular Cup system, a ceramic liner and femoral head, and the S‐ROM stem with a proximal sleeve or cone. Patients with leg length discrepancy (LLD) < 10 mm were defined as the non‐LLD group. To identify differences associated with SSTO, the group was further divided into two groups based on whether the patient underwent SSTO. A total of 48 patients (26 for SSTO and 22 for non‐SSTO) were in the non‐LLD group. There were 3 male and 45 female patients. The mean age of the patients in the non‐LLD group was 39 years. These data, including leg length, femoral length, the height of center of rotation (COR) of the hip, the depth of the sleeve or cone in the femoral medullary canal and the height of the greater trochanter, were measured.ResultsIn the non‐LLD group, the femoral lengths in both SSTO and non‐SSTO groups were significantly shorter on the operated side compared with the contralateral side, and the mean discrepancy in the SSTO group was approximately equal to the mean length of the SSTO. The mean height of the COR of the hip on the operated sides in both SSTO and non‐SSTO groups was 13.2 mm, and the contralateral sides were 15.2 and 15.5 mm, respectively. The depth of the sleeve or cone in the femoral medullary canal between SSTO and non‐SSTO groups was 21.7 and 30.6 mm, respectively. The depth of the sleeve or cone in the SSTO group was negatively correlated with the length of SSTO. The heights of the greater trochanter in the operated and contralateral sides were 5.3 and 16.6 mm in the SSTO group, and 13.2 and 17.2 mm in the non‐SSTO group, respectively.ConclusionsShortening subtrochanteric osteotomy led to femoral shortening on the operated side for patients with unilateral Crowe type IV DDH. The position of the sleeve or cone should be close to the apex of the greater trochanter to compensate the length of the SSTO. The position of the sleeve or cone without SSTO should be adjusted to make sure that the height of the greater trochanter on the operated side is close to that on the contralateral side.
Post hoc false positive control for structured hypotheses
Authors: Durand Guillermo , Blanchard Gilles , Neuvial Pierre , Roquain Etienne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn a high‐dimensional multiple testing framework, we present new confidence bounds on the false positives contained in subsets S of selected null hypotheses. These bounds are post hoc in the sense that the coverage probability holds simultaneously over all S, possibly chosen depending on the data. This article focuses on the common case of structured null hypotheses, for example, along a tree, a hierarchy, or geometrically (spatially or temporally). Following recent advances in post hoc inference, we build confidence bounds for some prespecified forest‐structured subsets and deduce a bound for any subset S by interpolation. The proposed bounds are shown to improve substantially previous ones when the signal is locally structured. Our findings are supported both by theoretical results and numerical experiments. Moreover, our bounds can be obtained by an algorithm (with complexity bilinear in the sizes of the reference hierarchy and of the selected subset) that is implemented in the open‐source R package sansSouci available from https://github.com/pneuvial/sanssouci, making our approach operational.
Onomatopoeia – A Unique Species?
Authors: Körtvélyessy Lívia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOnomatopoeia has not been paid much attention in theoretical linguistics, which may be related to its iconic‐symbolic nature. Moreover, the concept of onomatopoeia and its classification seem to vary in different linguistic traditions. Therefore, a new theoretical conception of onomatopoeia is proposed that makes it possible to examine onomatopoeia from a comparative perspective. This paper pursues the primary objective of clarifying the position of onomatopoeia in the system of language, in particular, whether or not onomatopoeia is an idiosyncratic group of words in the lexicon. This objective is implemented by evaluating the characteristics of onomatopoeia in English and Slovak from the semiotic and phonic points of view.
System Identification and Lateral Dynamics of the Active Tilt-Controlled Electric Three Wheeler
Authors: Sindha Jigneshsinh , Chakraborty Basab , Chakravarty Debashish 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Active tilt control system (ATC) is considered to be a prominent technological advancement in the three wheelers (3Ws), which improves the drive and comfort capabilities of 3W, leading to additional benefits of excellent maneuverability and small track width. An experimental prototype along with its simulation model is developed, to study the impact of the tilt actuation control system (TAS) and active steer (AS) system on the overall drive experience and stability improvement. A steering direct tilt control (SDTC) strategy is implemented on the vehicle, which allows stable operation of the system during the entire drive range. A transfer function (TF) of the TAS is estimated from the measurements on the prototype using the system identification tool. The derived TF is then utilized to investigate the response of the complete vehicle in terms of vehicle trajectory, perceived acceleration and load transfer across the rear wheels during the double lane change (DLC) and constant turn maneuvers. The results of the analysis indicate that the perceived acceleration felt by the driver is up to 45% less than the lateral acceleration along with up to 36% reduction in load transfer across the rear wheels.
Rapid Modeling and Design Optimization of Multi-Topology Lattice Structure Based on Unit-Cell Library
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhuo Shurong , Xiao Yining , Zheng Guolei , Dong Guoying , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Lightweight lattice structure generation and topology optimization (TO) are common design methodologies. In order to further improve potential structural stiffness of lattice structures, a method combining the multi-topology lattice structure design based on unit-cell library with topology optimization is proposed to optimize the parts. First, a parametric modeling method to rapidly generate a large number of different types of lattice cells is presented. Then, the unit-cell library and its property space are constructed by calculating the effective mechanical properties via a computational homogenization methodology. Third, the template of compromise Decision Support Problem (cDSP) is applied to generate the optimization formulation. The selective filling function of unit cells and geometric parameter computation algorithm are subsequently given to obtain the optimum lightweight lattice structure with uniformly varying densities across the design space. Lastly, for validation purposes, the effectiveness and robustness of the optimized results are analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA) simulation.
Knee Joint and Quadriceps Dysfunction in Individuals With Anterior Knee Pain, Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, and Meniscus Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kim Sungwan , Kim Daeho , Park Jihong 
Published: April 2020

Context:While arthrogenous muscle inhibition associated with knee injuries is evident, the relative magnitude of functional deficiency related to each individual knee pathology is unclear.Objective:To compare the knee joint and quadriceps dysfunction among patients with anterior knee pain (AKP) without surgical history and those with surgical history (anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [ACLR]; meniscus surgery) without current AKP, with matched healthy controls.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:A total of 66 patients with knee pathologies and 30 controls.Main Outcome Measures:Pain perception and lower-extremity functional outcomes were assessed. Knee joint function was measured by replication tests. Quadriceps function was measured by strength, voluntary activation, and torque-generating capacity.Results:Patients with AKP reported greater pain perception compared with the other knee conditions (4.3 vs 0.1 of 10 in Numeric Pain Rating Scale,P < .0001). Compared with the controls: (1) patients with AKP showed a greater error on knee-flexion replications at 75° (2.9° vs 5.4°,P = .002), (2) patients with AKP and ACLR showed less quadriceps strength (AKP: 3.3 vs 2.6 N·m/kg,P = .002; ACLR: 3.3 vs 2.7 N·m/kg,P = .02) and voluntary activation (AKP: 0.982 vs 0.928,P < .0001; ACLR: 0.982 vs 0.946,P = .003), and (3) all knee pathologies reported lower scores on functional outcomes (79 vs 65 of 80 points in Lower-Extremity Functional Scale,P < .0001) and showed less quadriceps torque-generating capacity (10.7 vs 7.8 N·m/s/kg,P < .0001). Among the knee pathologies, patients with AKP showed less quadriceps voluntary activation compared with the patients with meniscus surgery (0.928 vs 0.964,P = .03).Conclusion:As patients with AKP had an additional impairment in knee joint flexion replications and reported a less score in functional outcomes, knee pain may produce a greater impact on functional deficiency.
Effects of a 4-Week Short-Foot Exercise Program on Gait Characteristics in Patients With Stage II Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Kim Jinah , Lee Sung Cheol , Chun Youngmin , Jun Hyung-Pil , Seegmiller Jeffrey G. , Kim Kyung Min , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: April 2020

Context:Clinically, it has been suggested that increased activation of intrinsic foot muscles may alter the demand of extrinsic muscle activity surrounding the ankle joint in patients with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. However, there is limited empirical evidence supporting this notion.Objective:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week short-foot exercise (SFE) on biomechanical factors in patients with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.Design:Single-group pretest–posttest.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:Fifteen subjects (8 males and 7 females) with stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction who had pain in posterior tibial tendon, pronated foot deformity (foot posture index ≥+6), and flexible foot deformity (navicular drop ≥10 mm) were voluntarily recruited.Intervention:All subjects completed a 4-week SFE program (15 repetitions × 5 sets/d and 3 d/wk) of 4 stages (standing with feedback, sitting, double-leg, and one-leg standing position).Main Outcome Measures:Ankle joint kinematics and kinetics and tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscle activation (% maximum voluntary isometric contraction) during gait were measured before and after SFE program. Cohendeffect size (ES [95% confidence intervals]) was calculated.Results:During the first rocker, tibialis anterior activation decreased at peak plantarflexion (ES = 0.75 [0.01 to 1.49]) and inversion (ES = 0.77 [0.03 to 1.51]) angle. During the second rocker, peak dorsiflexion angle (ES = 0.77 [0.03 to 1.51]) and tibialis anterior activation at peak eversion (ES = 1.57 [0.76 to 2.39]) reduced. During the third rocker, the peak abduction angle (ES = 0.80 [0.06 to 1.54]) and tibialis anterior and fibularis longus activation at peak plantarflexion (ES = 1.34 [0.54 to 2.13]; ES = 1.99 [1.11 to 2.86]) and abduction (ES = 1.29 [0.50 to 2.08]; ES = 1.67 [0.84 to 2.50]) decreased.Conclusions:Our 4-week SFE program may have positive effects on changing muscle activation patterns for tibialis anterior and fibularis longus muscles, although it could not influence their structural deformity and ankle joint moment. It could produce a potential benefit of decreased tibialis posterior activation.
Pyridoxal Reductase, PdxI, Is Critical for Salvage of Pyridoxal in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ito Tomokazu , Downs Diana M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B6 and an essential cofactor in all organisms. In Escherichia coli, PLP is synthesized via the deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate (DXP)-dependent pathway that includes seven enzymatic steps and generates pyridoxine 5′-phosphate as an intermediate. Additionally, E. coli is able to salvage pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine B6 vitamers to produce PLP using kinases PdxK/PdxY and pyridox(am)ine phosphate oxidase (PdxH). We found that E. coli strains blocked in PLP synthesis prior to the formation of pyridoxine 5′-phosphate (PNP) required significantly less exogenous pyridoxal (PL) than strains lacking pdxH and identified the conversion of PL to pyridoxine (PN) during cultivation to be the cause. Our data showed that PdxI, shown to have PL reductase activity in vitro, was required for the efficient salvage of PL in E. coli. The pdxI+ E. coli strains converted exogenous PL to PN during growth, while pdxI mutants did not. In total, the data herein demonstrated that PdxI is a critical enzyme in the salvage of PL by E. coli.
IMPORTANCE The biosynthetic pathway of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) has extensively been studied in Escherichia coli, yet limited information is available about the vitamin B6 salvage pathway. We show that the protein PdxI (YdbC) is the primary pyridoxal (PL) reductase in E. coli and is involved in the salvage of PL. The orthologs of PdxI occur in a wide range of bacteria and plants, suggesting that PL reductase in the B6 salvage pathway is more widely distributed than previously expected.
Inner ear is a target for insulin signaling and insulin resistance: evidence from mice and auditory HEI-OC1 cells
Authors: Pålbrink Ann-Ki , Kopietz Franziska , Morén Björn , In 't Zandt René , Kalinec Federico , Stenkula Karin , Göransson Olga , Holm Cecilia , Magnusson Måns , Degerman Eva 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe mechanisms underlying the association between diabetes and inner ear dysfunction are not known yet. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of obesity/insulin resistance on inner ear fluid homeostasis in vivo, and to investigate whether the organ of Corti could be a target tissue for insulin signaling using auditory House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells as an in vitro model.MethodsHigh fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice were used as a model to study the impact of insulin resistance on the inner ear. In one study, 12 C57BL/6J mice were fed either control diet or HFD and the size of the inner ear endolymphatic fluid compartment (EFC) was measured after 30 days using MRI and gadolinium contrast as a read-out. In another study, the size of the inner ear EFC was evaluated in eight C57BL/6J mice both before and after HFD feeding, with the same techniques. HEI-OC1 auditory cells were used as a model to investigate insulin signaling in organ of Corti cells.ResultsHFD feeding induced an expansion of the EFC in C57BL/6J mice, a hallmark of inner ear dysfunction. Insulin also induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) at Ser473, in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of PKB was inhibited by isoproterenol and IBMX, a general phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. PDE1B, PDE4D and the insulin-sensitive PDE3B were found expressed and catalytically active in HEI-OC1 cells. Insulin decreased and AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, increased the phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser79 of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis. Furthermore, the activity of hormone-sensitive lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme in lipolysis, was detected in HEI-OC1 cells.ConclusionsThe organ of Corti could be a target tissue for insulin action, and inner ear insulin resistance might contribute to the association between diabetes and inner ear dysfunction.
Comparative quantitative survey of patient experience in Barrett’s oesophagus and other gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Britton James , Taxiarchi Paraskevi , Martin Glen , Willert Robert , Horne Maria , Hamdy Shaheen , McLaughlin John , Ang Yeng 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo assess health-related quality of life in patients with non-dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus (NDBO) and endoscopically treated dysplastic Barrett’s oesophagus (DBO).DesignThis quantitative, self-administered questionnaire study was conducted across three National Health Service hospitals. Data were collected from three other cohorts; gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), colonic polyp surveillance and healthy individuals. Fisher’s exact and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were used for analysis. Propensity score matching adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities.Results687 participants were eligible for analysis (NDBO n=306, DBO n=49, GORD n=132, colonic polyps n=152 and healthy n=48). 53% of NDBO participants reported similarly high cancer worry, comparable to DBO (50%, p=0.933) and colonic polyp participants (51%, p=0.355). Less cancer worry was reported in GORD participants (43.4%, p=0.01 vs NDBO). NDBO participants reported anxiety in 15.8% and depression in 8.6% of cases, which was similar to the other disease cohorts. Moderate or severe heartburn or acid regurgitation was found in 11% and 10%, respectively, in the NDBO cohort, comparable to DBO participants (heartburn 2% p=0.172, acid regurgitation 4% p=0.31) but lower (better) than GORD participants (heartburn 31% p=<0.001, acid regurgitation 25% p=0.001). NDBO participants with moderate or severe GORD symptoms were associated with higher rates of anxiety (p=<0.001), depression (p=<0.001) and cancer worry (p=<0.001). NDBO patients appropriately perceiving their cancer risk as low had lower rates of cancer worry (p=<0.001).ConclusionThis study provides insight into the problems Barrett’s oesophagus patients may face. Future care pathways must be more patient focussed to address misconceptions of cancer risk, oesophageal cancer related worry and GORD symptom control.
State or market? How to effectively decrease alcohol-related crash fatalities and injuries
Authors: Nazif-Muñoz Jose I , Batomen Brice , Oulhote Youssef , Spengler Jack , Nandi Arijit 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIt is estimated that more than 270 000 people die yearly in alcohol-related crashes globally. To tackle this burden, government interventions, such as laws which restrict blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and increase penalties for drunk drivers, have been implemented. The introduction of private-sector measures, such as ridesharing, is regarded as alternatives to reduce drunk driving and related sequelae. However, it is unclear whether state and private efforts complement each other to reduce this public health challenge.MethodsWe conducted interrupted time-series analyses using weekly alcohol-related traffic fatalities and injuries per 1 000 000 population in three urban conglomerates (Santiago, Valparaíso and Concepción) in Chile for the period 2010–2017. We selected cities in which two state interventions—the ‘zero tolerance law’ (ZTL), which decreased BAC, and the ‘Emilia law’ (EL), which increased penalties for drunk drivers—were implemented to decrease alcohol-related crashes, and where Uber ridesharing was launched.ResultsIn Santiago, the ZTL was associated with a 29.1% decrease (95% CI 1.2 to 70.2), the EL with a 41.0% decrease (95% CI 5.5 to 93.2) and Uber with a non-significant 28.0% decrease (95% CI −6.4 to 78.5) in the level of weekly alcohol-related traffic fatalities and injuries per 1 000 000 population series. In Concepción, the EL was associated with a 28.9% reduction (95% CI 4.3 to 62.7) in the level of the same outcome. In Valparaíso, the ZTL had a −0.01 decrease (95% CI −0.02 to −0.00) in the trend of weekly alcohol-related crashes per 1 000 000 population series.ConclusionIn Chile, concomitant decreases of alcohol-related crashes were observed after two state interventions were implemented but not with the introduction of Uber. Relationships between public policy interventions, ridesharing and motor vehicle alcohol-related crashes differ between cities and over time, which might reflect differences in specific local characteristics.
Staged closure of a congenital porto‐internal thoracic shunt in a cat
Authors: Li Hui , Dupré Gilles , Liu Ran , Yuan Zhankui , Li Jing 
Published: April 2020

A congenital extrahepatic porto‐internal thoracic shunt was attenuated with cellophane banding in a cat with multiple embryogenetic anomalies. Changes in the postoperative shunt diameter were monitored using ultrasound and CT angiography. The patient improved clinically after cellophane banding, showing resolution of hepatic encephalopathy, weight gain and normalisation of serum ammonia and bile acid levels. The shunt vessel stopped narrowing at four postoperative weeks, and a complete closure was surgically achieved after 9 months. The patient stopped vomiting immediately after the second surgery. Additional histopathological results suggested lymphoplasmacytic enteritis, which was treated medically. The reason why complete closure with the cellophane banding was not attained remains unclear. However, it can be hypothesised that the material did not function as normal cellophanes or that placement of the cellophane within the falciform ligament did not result in the usual inflammatory reaction or closure of the vessel.
A Systematic Analysis of Interactions between Environmental Risk Factors and Genetic Variation in Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Tian , Li Xue , Farrington Susan M. , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Campbell Harry , Timofeeva Maria , Theodoratou Evropi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:The underlying etiology of colorectal cancer includes both genetic variation and environmental exposures. The main aim of this study was to search for interaction effects between well-established environmental risk factors and published common genetic variants exerting main effects on colorectal cancer risk.Methods:We used a two-phase approach: (i) discovery phase (2,652 incident colorectal cancer cases and 10,608 controls from UK Biobank) and (ii) validation phase (1,656 cases and 2,497 controls from the Study of Colorectal Cancer in Scotland). Interactions with nominal P &lt; 0.05 in phase I were taken forward for validation in phase II. Furthermore, we constructed a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) of colorectal cancer risk for each individual and studied interactions between the GRS and the environmental risk factors.Results:Seventy of the 1,500 tested interactions were nominally significant in phase I. After testing these 70 interactions in phase II, an interaction between rs11903757 (2q32.3) and body mass index (BMI) was nominally significant (P = 0.02) with the same direction of effect. The rs11903757*BMI interaction was also significant (ratio of ORs = 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–1.44; Pinteraction = 6.03 × 10−4; Pheterogeneity = 0.63) in a meta-analysis combining results from both phases. No interactions were significant in phase II after accounting for multiple testing. No interactions involving the GRS were found with statistical significance.Conclusions:Limited evidence of gene–environment interactions in colorectal cancer risk was observed. There are potential modifications of the rs11903757 effect by BMI on colorectal cancer risk.Impact:Our findings might contribute to identifying subpopulations with different susceptibility to the effect of BMI on colorectal cancer risk.