bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The developmental and iron nutritional pattern of PIC1 and NiCo does not support their interdependent and exclusive collaboration in chloroplast iron transport in Brassica napus
Authors: Pham Hong Diep , Pólya Sára , Müller Brigitta , Szenthe Kálmán , Sági-Kazár Máté , Bánkúti Barbara , Bánáti Ferenc , Sárvári Éva , Fodor Ferenc , Tamás László , Philippar Katrin , Solti Ádám 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
The accumulation of NiCo following the termination of the accumulation of iron in chloroplast suggests that NiCo is not solely involved in iron uptake processes of chloroplasts.

Abstract
Chloroplast iron (Fe) uptake is thought to be operated by a complex containing permease in chloroplast 1 (PIC1) and nickel–cobalt transporter (NiCo) proteins, whereas the role of other Fe homeostasis-related transporters such as multiple antibiotic resistance protein 1 (MAR1) is less characterized. Although pieces of information exist on the regulation of chloroplast Fe uptake, including the effect of plant Fe homeostasis, the whole system has not been revealed in detail yet. Thus, we aimed to follow leaf development-scale changes in the chloroplast Fe uptake components PIC1, NiCo and MAR1 under deficient, optimal and supraoptimal Fe nutrition using Brassica napus as model. Fe deficiency decreased both the photosynthetic activity and the Fe content of plastids. Supraoptimal Fe nutrition caused neither Fe accumulation in chloroplasts nor any toxic effects, thus only fully saturated the need for Fe in the leaves. In parallel with the increasing Fe supply of plants and ageing of the leaves, the expression of BnPIC1 was tendentiously repressed. Though transcript and protein amount of BnNiCo tendentiously increased during leaf development, it was even markedly upregulated in ageing leaves. The relative transcript amount of BnMAR1 increased mainly in ageing leaves facing Fe deficiency. Taken together chloroplast physiology, Fe content and transcript amount data, the exclusive participation of NiCo in the chloroplast Fe uptake is not supported. Saturation of the Fe requirement of chloroplasts seems to be linked to the delay of decomposing the photosynthetic apparatus and keeping chloroplast Fe homeostasis in a rather constant status together with a supressed Fe uptake machinery.
Pairing Symmetries for Euclidean and Spherical Frameworks
Authors: Clinch Katie , Nixon Anthony , Schulze Bernd , Whiteley Walter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider the effect of symmetry on the rigidity of bar-joint frameworks, spherical frameworks and point-hyperplane frameworks in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

. In particular, for a graph $$G=(V,E)$$

G
=
(
V
,
E
)

and a framework (G, p), we show that, under forced or incidental symmetry, infinitesimal rigidity for spherical frameworks with vertices in some subset $$X\subset V$$

X
⊂
V

realised on the equator and point-hyperplane frameworks with the vertices in X representing hyperplanes are equivalent. We then show, again under forced or incidental symmetry, that infinitesimal rigidity properties under certain symmetry groups can be paired, or clustered, under inversion on the sphere so that infinitesimal rigidity with a given group is equivalent to infinitesimal rigidity under a paired group. The fundamental basic example is that mirror symmetric rigidity is equivalent to half-turn symmetric rigidity on the 2-sphere. With these results in hand we also deduce some combinatorial consequences for the rigidity of symmetric bar-joint and point-line frameworks.
Continuity and canceling operators of order n on $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$
Authors: Raiță Bogdan , Skorobogatova Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe prove that for elliptic and canceling linear partial differential operators$${\mathbb {B}}$$Bof ordernon$${\mathbb {R}}^n$$Rn, continuity of a mapucan be inferred from the fact that$${\mathbb {B}}u$$Buis a measure. We also prove strict continuity of the embedding of the space$${\text {BV}}^{\mathbb {B}}({\mathbb {R}}^n)$$BVB(Rn)into the space of continuous functions vanishing at infinity. Here,$${\text {BV}}^{\mathbb {B}}(\varOmega )$$BVB(Ω)denotes the space of vector fields$$u\in {\text {W}}^{n-1,1}(\varOmega )$$u∈Wn-1,1(Ω)such that$${\mathbb {B}}u$$Buis a finite vectorial measure on the open set$$\varOmega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$Ω⊂Rn. For cubes$$Q\subset {\mathbb {R}}^n$$Q⊂Rn, the class of operators$${\mathbb {B}}$$Bsuch that$${\text {BV}}^{\mathbb {B}}(Q)\subset {\text {C}}({\bar{Q}})$$BVB(Q)⊂C(Q¯)is also characterized.
Increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization reduces yield loss of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought
Authors: Chareesri Anupol , De Deyn Gerlinde B. , Sergeeva Lidiya , Polthanee Anan , Kuyper Thomas W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrought reduces the availability of soil water and the mobility of nutrients, thereby limiting the growth and productivity of rice. Under drought, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase P uptake and sustain rice growth. However, we lack knowledge of how the AMF symbiosis contributes to drought tolerance of rice. In the greenhouse, we investigated mechanisms of AMF symbiosis that confer drought tolerance, such as enhanced nutrient uptake, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and hormonal balance (abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA)). Two greenhouse pot experiments comprised three factors in a full factorial design with two AMF treatments (low- and high-AMF colonization), two water treatments (well-watered and drought), and three rice varieties. Soil water potential was maintained at 0 kPa in the well-watered treatment. In the drought treatment, we reduced soil water potential to − 40 kPa in experiment 1 (Expt 1) and to − 80 kPa in experiment 2 (Expt 2). Drought reduced shoot and root dry biomass and grain yield of rice in both experiments. The reduction of grain yield was less with higher AMF colonization. Plants with higher AMF colonization showed higher leaf P concentrations than plants with lower colonization in Expt 1, but not in Expt 2. Plants with higher AMF colonization exhibited higher stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence than plants with lower colonization, especially under drought. Drought increased the levels of ABA and IAA, and AMF colonization also resulted in higher levels of IAA. The results suggest both nutrient-driven and plant hormone-driven pathways through which AMF confer drought tolerance to rice.
Surgical management of primary and secondary pilocytic astrocytoma of the cerebellopontine angle (in adults and children) and review of the literature
Authors: Adib Sasan Darius , Schuhmann Martin U. , Hempel Johann-Martin , Bornemann Antje , Zamora Rocio Evangelista , Tatagiba Marcos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlial tumors in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are uncommon and comprise less than 1% of CPA tumors. We present four cases of pilocytic astrocytoma of the CPA (PA-CPA) that were treated in our department. Patients who received surgical treatment for PA-CPA from January 2004 to December 2019 were identified by a computer search of their files from the Department of Neurosurgery, Tübingen. Patients were evaluated for initial symptoms, pre- and postoperative facial nerve function and cochlear function, complications, and recurrence rate by reviewing surgical reports, patient documents, neuroradiological data, and follow-up data. We identified four patients with PA-CPA out of about 1500 CPA lesions (~ 0.2%), which were surgically treated in our department in the last 16 years. Of the four patients, three were male, and one was a female patient. Two were adults, and two were children (mean age 35 years). A gross total resection was achieved in three cases, and a subtotal resection was attained in one case. Two patients experienced a moderate facial palsy immediately after surgery (House–Brackmann grade III). In all cases, the facial function was intact or good (House–Brackmann grades I–II) at the long-term follow-up (mean follow-up 4.5 years). No mortality occurred during follow-up. Three of the patients had no recurrence at the latest follow-up (mean latest follow-up 4.5 years), while one patient had a slight recurrence. PA-CPA can be safely removed, and most complications immediately after surgery resolve in the long-term follow-up.
Assessing the potential of soil moisture measurements for regional landslide early warning
Authors: Wicki Adrian , Lehmann Peter , Hauck Christian , Seneviratne Sonia I. , Waldner Peter , Stähli Manfred 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn mountainous terrain, rainfall-induced landslides pose a serious risk to people and infrastructure. Regional landslide early warning systems (LEWS) have proven to be a cost-efficient tool to inform the public about the imminent landslide danger. While most operational LEWS are based on rainfall exceedance thresholds only, recent studies have demonstrated an improvement of the forecast quality after the inclusion of soil hydrological information. In this study, the potential of in situ soil moisture measurements for regional landslide early warning is assessed. For the first time, a comprehensive soil moisture measurement database was compiled for Switzerland and compared with a national landslide database (Swiss flood and landslide damage database, WSL). The time series were homogenized and normalized to represent saturation values. From ensembles of sensors, the mean and standard deviation saturation were calculated and infiltration events were delimited, characterized, and classified as landslide-triggering or non-triggering based on the occurrence of landslides within a specified forecast distance. A logistic regression function was applied to model the landslide activity based on the infiltration event characteristics and several models were analysed and compared with receiver operating characteristics (ROC). A strong distance dependence becomes apparent showing a forecast goodness decrease with increasing distance between water content measurement site and landslide, and a better forecast goodness for long-lasting as opposed to short-duration precipitation events. While most variability can be explained by the two event properties antecedent saturation and change of saturation during an infiltration event, event properties that describe antecedent conditions are more important for long-lasting as opposed to short-duration precipitation events that can be better explained by properties describing event dynamics. Overall, the analysis demonstrated that in situ soil moisture data effectively contains specific information useful for landslide early warning.
Corporate Leadership and Mass Atrocity
Authors: Federman Sarah 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the last Holocaust survivors quietly passing away, one might also expect to see accountability debates slowing to a trickle. Surprisingly, however, recent years show an upswing in corporate World War II-related atonement debates. Interest in corporate participation in mass atrocity has expanded worldwide; yet what constitutes ethical corporate behavior during and after war remains understudied. This article considers these questions through a study of the French National Railways’ (SNCF) roles during the German occupation and its more recent struggle to make amends. This study demonstrates that ethical business leadership requires taking responsibility for past as well as current decisions. Most executives grappling with complex corporate histories work in isolation, in part because the scholarship on business ethics fails to provide guidance. Without such guidance, corporations often respond to accusations about their pasts with carefully crafted statements and legal strategies rather than deep expressions of moral leadership. To assist in remedying this tendency, this paper simultaneously encourages companies to engage in deeper reflection on corporate history, while urging scholars to help guide corporations through critical ethical conversations.
Assessing water distribution and agricultural expansion in the Cele Oasis, China
Authors: Waldron Brian , Gui Dongwei , Liu Yi , Feng Lydia , Dai Heng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOases support 90% of the province’s inhabitants and produce more than 95% of the social wealth in Xinjiang Province of China. Oases’ dependency on water availability from mountainous regions plays a critical factor in the sustainability of agricultural practices and oasis expansion. In this study, we have chosen the Cele Oasis located in the south rim of the Taklimakan Desert, typical of oases in the region, as a case study to examine water availability. With over 97% of Cele’s economy tied to agriculture, unfettered expansion of the oasis into the desert has raised concern on water availability. A spatial and temporal analysis of water availability is performed using newly available data to determine whether agricultural production within the Cele Oasis has overexploited available water resources or if feasible expansion of agricultural production is feasible beyond its current boundary. Transferability of the methodology for assessing water availability spatially and temporally will be beneficial to other oases in the arid region that face similar concerns.
The Prevalence of Self-injurious Behaviour in Autism: A Meta-analytic Study
Authors: Steenfeldt-Kristensen Catherine , Jones Chris A. , Richards Caroline 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSelf-injurious behaviour is purportedly common in autism, but prevalence rates have not yet been synthesised meta-analytically. In the present study, data from 14,379 participants in thirty-seven papers were analysed to generate a pooled prevalence estimate of self-injury in autism of 42% (confidence intervals 0.38–0.47). Hand-hitting topography was the most common form of self-injury (23%), self-cutting topography the least common (3%). Sub-group analyses revealed no association between study quality, participant intellectual disability or age and overall prevalence rate of self-injury. However, females obtained higher prevalence rates than males (p = .013) and hair pulling and self-scratching were associated with intellectual disability (p = .008 and p = .002, respectively). The results confirm very high rates of self-injury in autism and highlight within group risk-markers.
Mapping Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores to EQ-5D utility scores using data of patients with atopic dermatitis from the National Health and Wellness Study
Authors: Vilsbøll Andreas Westh , Kragh Nana , Hahn-Pedersen Julie , Jensen Cathrine Elgaard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop a mapping algorithm for generating EQ-5D-5-level (EQ-5D-5L) utility scores from the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD).MethodsThe algorithm was developed using data from 1232 patients from four countries participating in the National Health and Wellness Study. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the conceptual overlap between DLQI and EQ-5D-5L. Six mapping models (ordinary least squares [OLS], Tobit, three different two-part models, and a regression mixture model) were tested with different specifications to determine model performance and were ranked based on the sum of mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE).ResultsThe mean DLQI score was 7.23; mean EQ-5D-5L score was 0.78; and there were moderate negative correlations between DLQI and EQ-5D-5L scores (p = − 0.514). A regression mixture model with total DLQI, and age and sex as independent variables performed best for mapping DLQI to EQ-5D-5L (RMSE = 0.113; MAE = 0.079).ConclusionThis was the first study to map DLQI to EQ-5D-5L exclusively in patients with AD. The regression mixture model with total DLQI, and age and sex as independent variables was the best performing model and accurately predicted EQ-5D-5L. The results of this mapping can be used to translate DLQI data from clinical studies to health state utility values in economic evaluations.
Soziale Herkunftseffekte in der Wahl der Hochschulform
Authors: Bachsleitner Anna 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie untersucht, basierend auf der Längsschnittstudie BIJU, die in den Bundesländern Nordrhein-Westfalen, Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern und Sachsen-Anhalt durchgeführt wurde, soziale Herkunftseffekte bei der Wahl der Hochschulform zu Studienbeginn. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den dahinter liegenden Mechanismen sozial ungleicher Übertritte an Universitäten, Fachhochschulen und Berufsakademien. Diese werden über primäre Effekte (herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede in Schulabschlussnoten und standardisierten Testleistungen), sekundäre Effekte in Form von Motiven der Ausbildungswahl und Aspekte des Ausbildungsweges modelliert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studierende aus akademischem Elternhaus überdurchschnittlich häufig eine Universität und unterdurchschnittlich häufig eine Fachhochschule besuchen. Bei multivariater Betrachtung können Unterschiede in der Art der Studienberechtigung, einer Berufsausbildung, der Englischleistung sowie den Ausbildungswahlmotiven Herkunftseffekte zum Teil vermitteln. Die Befunde bleiben auch bei ausschließlicher Betrachtung einer Studiengruppe, die an allen Hochschulformen umfangreich vertreten ist, den Wirtschaftswissenschaften, stabil.
The intestinal microbiota and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Effenberger Maria , Tilg Herbert 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe intestinal microbiota seems to play a key role in many gastrointestinal, pancreatic and liver disorders. Dysbiosis, a substantial alteration in the intestinal microbiome, is associated with chronic liver disease (CLD) compared to healthy individuals. These findings were shown in several preclinical and clinical studies and were most distinct in the stage of cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying diseases is still not completely understood: Bacteria and related metabolites and pro-inflammatory signals may be involved. Several animal and human studies have focused on the role of intestinal microbiota in HCC. Here a key role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis could be addressed, whereby the abundance of pro-inflammatory intestinal species is increased. Additionally, some studies could demonstrate a decrease of butyrate-producing species and other species known for their anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, multiple preclinical studies could demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota is a key player in hepatocarcinogenesis. The intestinal microbiota seems to interact with the central pathways of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Central composite design optimization of Bismarck Dye oxidation from textile effluent with Fenton’s reagent
Authors: Tony Maha A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractColoured wastewater is discharged in a huge amount from textile industry as a result of using synthetic dyes that causes threat water pollution. A simple sol–gel technique was used to synthesis haematite nanocrystals as a source of photo-Fenton’s reagent. The current work is dealing with the mineralization of Bismarck Brown dye (BBD) using such reagent, and the process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology. Central composite design of the two most important variables of the Fenton’s reagent process (Fe3+ and H2O2 doses) was employed for the experimental design, and BBD removal was maximized. The suggested model investigated that the dye removal increases with the increasing of both reagents up to a certain limit then decreases afterwards. The reduction percentages of colour and chemical oxygen demand under the optimum operating parameters (37.21 mg/L of the haematite nanocrystal and 412.31 mg/L of H2O2) are found to be 76.5% and 73%, respectively. Analysis of variance and the high regression coefficient (98%) confirm a good estimation of the experimental values by polynomial regression model. Therefore, the exploration of using haematite nanocrystals as a Fenton’s reagent source for treating textile effluents is recommended from this study.
Figure of Merit Enhancement of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor Using Ga-Doped Zinc Oxide in Near Infrared Range
Authors: Pal Sarika , Verma Alka , Prajapati Y. K. , Saini J. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis work presents a surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the figure of merit enhancement by using Ga-doped zinc oxide (GZO), i.e., nanostructured transparent conducting oxide as plasmonic material in place of metal at the telecommunication wavelength. Two-dimentional graphene is used here as a biorecognition element (BRE) layer for stable and robust adsorption of biomolecules. This is possible due to stronger van der Waals forces between graphene's hexagonal cells and carbon-like ring arrangement present in biomolecules. The proposed sensor shows improved biosensing due to fascinating electronic, optical, physical, and chemical properties of graphene. This work analyses the sensitivity, detection accuracy, and figure of merit for the GZO/graphene SPR sensor on using the dielectric layer in between the prism and GZO. The highest figure of merit of 366.7 RIU−1 is achieved for the proposed SPR biosensor on using the nanostructured GZO at the 3000 nm dielectric thickness. The proposed SPR biosensor can be used practically for sensing of larger size biomolecules with due availability of advanced techniques for the fabrication of the nanostructured GZO and graphene.
Implementing the Sendai Framework in Africa: Progress Against the Targets (2015–2018)
Authors: van Niekerk Dewald , Coetzee Christo , Nemakonde Livhuwani 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFive years after almost all African states signed the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR), disasters still have a significant impact on the populations of Africa, their livelihoods, and the infrastructure on which they depend. In contrast with the period of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015, African countries not only adopted the SFDRR but also internalized the various priorities by developing an additional five targets applicable to the continent. This article takes a look at the progress made in Africa against the SFDRR and its seven targets thus far. To determine the progress, a mixed methods research approach was followed. The research found that African states are making progress, but decisive action is needed to reach the 2030 targets of the SFDRR. Much better data and information management are needed, and the limitations towards reaching the SFDRR targets must translate into community-based actions geared towards resilience building.
Influence of the loading direction on the uniaxial compressive strength of sea ice based on field measurements
Authors: Ji Shunying , Chen Xiaodong , Wang Anliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSea ice is composed of columnar-shaped grains. To investigate the influence of the loading direction on the uniaxial compressive strength and failure processes of sea ice, field experiments were performed with first-year level ice. Loads were applied both horizontally (parallel to the grain columns) and vertically (across the grain columns) with various nominal strain rates. Two failure modes have been observed: a ductile failure mode at low nominal strain rates, and a brittle failure mode at high nominal strain rates. However, the failure pattern of sea ice was clearly dependent on the loading direction. At low nominal strain rates (ductile failure mode), the sea-ice samples yielded due to the development of wing cracks under horizontal loading and due to splaying out at one end under vertical loading. When sea ice fails in the ductile mode, the deformation is driven by grain boundary sliding under horizontal loading and by grain decohesion and crystal deflection under vertical loading. At high nominal strain rates (brittle failure mode), the sea-ice samples failed in shear faulting under horizontal loading and in cross-column buckling under vertical loading. The nominal strain rate at the brittle–ductile transition zone is about ten times higher under vertical loading.