bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzodiazepine tranquilizers abolish the stress-induced increase of the brain ghrelin level in DANIO RERIO
Authors: Blazhenko Aleksandra A. , Khokhlov Platon P. , Tissen Ilia Yu. , Devyashin Aleksandr S. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Proshin Sergey N. , Bychkov Eugenii R. , Shabanov Petr D. 
Published: December 2020

Danio reriohas firmly established itself as a successful model for research in many areas of biology and medicine, first of all for developing new medicines.
The aimof our study was to evaluate ghrelin level in zebrafish brain after stress and after phenazepam usage on stressed fish.
Methods.In our study 96Danio rerio, predatorCichlasoma nicaraguensishave been used. The fish have been kept at anormal room temperature (2223C) with standard feeding time (twice per day). The level of neuropeptides has been tested by ELISA test. During experiment a fish has been firstly placed in a beaker with a dissolved pharmacological substance, then has been transferred into a tank with predator. In the end of experiment, it has been put into a novel tank for 6 min. The decapitation has been made. Thebrain has been divided into three anatomical parts:telencephalonjust behind the olfactory bulb, the middle partcorpora bigemiaandcerebellum, which is situated behind thecorpora bigemia. After that the material for ELISA test was made using GhrelinFISH, MyBioSource ELISA kit.
Results.In the control group ghrelin has been determined only in thecerebellumin 57.14% of all fish. In the experiment with predator ghrelin has been found in all tested brain parts of fish, but in thetelencephalonthere was the highest level. Inthe experiment with phenazepam usage only and phenazepam administration after predator stress, the ghrelin value has not been determined atall.
Conclusion.Thus we have found out that the ghrelin value increases after predator stress and the drug phenazepam eliminated it completely after its administration. We may suppose that the administration of anxiolytics such as phenazepam can reduce the anxiety inDanio rerio.
Histopathological spectrum of salivary gland lesions - in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Srinivasan Gomathi , J. Francis Asir Joseph , Kaliyaperumal Shanmugam , Ponnaiah Arunalatha 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT Background: Histopathology is the most important means in diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. The objective of this study is, to study occurrence of salivary lesions during a period of one year from January 2019 to December 2019, to study age, sex and site distribution of various salivary gland lesions, to study histo-morphological aspect of these lesions.Methods: Surgically resected salivary gland specimens received at Department of Pathology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai were subjected to histopathological examination. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed, embedded, sections cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain.Results: There were a total of 30 salivary gland specimens. Out of thirty, 25 were neoplastic and 5 were non-neoplastic. Pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest of all benign tumors. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor. Among the 21 benign tumors, 16 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and a case each of myoepithelioma, benign metastasising pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, warthins tumor and schwannoma were found. Among the 4 malignant tumors, 2 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma and a case of myoepithelial carcinoma were found. Among the 5 non neoplastic lesions a case each of chronic sialadenitis, Sjogren’s syndrome, inflammatory myofibroblastioc tumor, parotid abscess and lymphoepithelial cyst were found.Conclusions: The diagnosis of salivary gland lesions by histopathological examination is the most important method in diagnosis and differentiating benign and malignant lesions and to predict prognosis by typing, staging and grading of malignant neoplasms.
Gut microbiota: friend or foe
Authors: Chaudhary Ansh , Bhatnagar Shubhi Shubhangi , Nair Meghna Prashant , Chaudhary Bhupendra 
Published: December 2020

Comprising of trillions of various bacteria, protozoan, fungi and viruses, the gut microbiota live in human body as a super complex ecosystem mostly in gastro intestinal tract (70%). Apart from GI tract they also inhabit skin, mouth and sexual organs as an essential ecological community of commensal, symbiotic or even pathogenic relationship. These microbiota interplay with bodily immune, endocrinal, metabolic and nervous system and produces various pathological changes responsible for disease etiology. These microbiota play a major role in digestion and absorption of macro molecules, maturation of immune system, protection of gut and behavioural development of an individual. In gut disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) the altered brain axis is responsible for disorders like depression, anxiety, schizoaffective disorders, autistic spectrum disorders, multiple sclerosis and parkinson’s disease.
Factors affecting mortality in burns: a single center study
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan , Hariharan Nisha , Vagholkar Suvarna 
Published: December 2020

Background: Burns injury continues to be the greatest challenge to the trauma surgeon. A multitude of factors determine the mortality in burns patients. The present study aims at identifying those factors which have a significant impact on mortality in burns patients.Methods: A total 80 patients presenting with burns injury were studied prospectively. Various factors which included age, sex, aetiology, mode of injury, total body surface area which is burnt (BSA), duration of stay, time interval up to admission, pregnant state, inhalation injury, systemic complications, wound complications, and psychological impact were studied.Results: The mean age was 24.07 years. 59 were females, 21 were males. 19 (23.75%) cases were suicidal in aetiology whereas the remaining 61(76.25%) were accidental. Flame injury was the most common mode of injury in 65 patients (81.25%). The mean BSA in the study was 53.5% whereas the mean BSA in those patients who expired was 71.4%. Mean duration of stay in hospital was 6.55 days whereas mean time interval between burns injury and admission to hospital was 101.33 minutes. All 12 pregnant women had spontaneous miscarriages with a mortality in 11 patients. Inhalation injury was seen in 49 patients (61%) with mortality of 42 (83.7%) patients. Systemic complications seen in 60 patients mortality and BSA was high in patients who had infection. 31 patients in the study had severe depression with a mortality of 91.32%. 50 out of the 80 patients studied expired.Conclusions: Increased age, BSA, mode of injury, presence of inhalation injury, systemic complication, pregnant state, wound infection and depression had a significant impact on the mortality of burns patients.
Polyglactin 910 versus irradiated polyglactin 910 for subcuticular closure in elective surgeries: a randomized double-blind study
Authors: Bansal Darpan , Bhangu Gurpreet Singh , Gill Shivkaran Kaur , Julka Divya 
Published: December 2020

Background: All suture materials are treated as foreign bodies and bring out a reaction in the tissues. The severity and duration of response depends on the type of suture material used. The choice of suture material is based on the concept that it should provide adequate tensile strength across the wound until tissue tensile strength has adequately developed, approximation of the epithelial portion has occurred and that the suture material should be absorbed after serving its function. this study was done to compare irradiated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl Rapide) versus polyglactin 910 (Vicryl) for subcuticular skin closure in patients of elective surgeries and to note post-operative wound inflammation, pain, dehiscence and quality of scar.Methods: 60 consecutive patients undergoing elective surgeries in department of surgery SGRD hospital were taken up for the study from April 2020 to June 2020. After randomization the subjects were divided into two groups. Subcuticular skin closure at the end of surgery was done using a 3-0 polyglactin 910 in group A and 3-0 irradiated polyglactin 910 in group B with cutting needle in both groups. Postoperatively the wound was inspected on day 3, 5, 7 and again 3 weeks after surgery.Results: Postoperatively the wounds were observed for the signs of inflammation and infection. Each was given a wound score according to scoring system. Statistical analysis by SPSS 17.0 software and chi-square test. Irradiated polyglactin 910 showed less inflammation, pain and dehiscence along with good quality of scar as compared to polyglactin 910 on comparison.Conclusions: It was concluded that irradiated polyglactin 910 was a better choice for suture material than polyglactin 910 for subcuticular skin closure in terms of postoperative pain, wound dehiscence and quality of scar.
Factors affecting health seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients of Imenti North sub county, Kenya
Authors: Mwenda Annarita Kajuju , Kirigia Consolata , K. Kamweru P. , Gitonga Lucy K. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases like hypertension is raising hence a burden to low resource countries like Kenya. Purpose of the study was to determine factors affecting health seeking behaviour in hypertensive patients in Imenti North sub county, Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional study design and cluster random sampling method was used to select five health facilities for study. Purposive sampling was used to select total of 212 patients from selected health facility proportionally. Spearman’s Rho correlation and bivariate logistic regression was used to check for strength of associations.Results: Patients interviewed had an average of 51 years and higher proportions were above 40 years of age. Married and female patients were (66.5%), and 60% respectively. An average of (42%) had a secondary level of education. Knowledge on lifestyle modification strategies was above average (68%).Conclusions: Health education given during hypertensive clinics had positive influence. Slow service delivery, long queues and the long waiting times for laboratory investigation results influenced patients’ health seeking behavior negatively. The study recommends the government of Kenya to develop policies on implementation of support groups among hypertensive patients in all hospitals and intensify campaigns on importance of seeking medical attention early. This will empower the patients on knowledge of hypertension management. The study also recommends health care providers to ensure reduced waiting time for the patients.
Evaluation of the role of patch test in endogenous eczemas
Authors: Bahuguna Amit , Mahajan Saurabh , Yadav Arun K. , Sood Aradhana , Lathwal Sumit 
Published: December 2020

Background: Endogenous eczemas have a significant effect on quality of life of patients and is a huge burden on healthcare. There is evidence that external factors play an important role in endogenous eczemas. The study was conducted to evaluate the role of patch test in endogenous eczemas and to identify any causal or aggravating allergen, the avoidance of which could augment response to standard therapy and prevent relapse.Methods: Four groups of 27 patients each, with clinical diagnosis of one of the major endogenous eczema namely, Atopic dermatitis, nummular eczema, pompholyx and seborrhoeic dermatitis satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Demographic and clinical details were recorded and were patch tested with the Indian standard patch test battery. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI or children’s DLQI) was used at the presentation and after 03 months to assist in assessing the subjective improvement after avoidance of the agents incriminated by the patch test. Results: Of the 108 study participants, 61 (56.5%) patients had one or more positive results in the study, with maximum 21 (77.8%) in pompholyx and minimum of only 10 (37%) in patients of seborrhoeic dermatitis group. About, 36 (33.3%) patients had no change and 05 (4.6%) had worsening of their eczema.Conclusions: We found positive outcome in the form of clinical improvement or cure following the avoidance of allergens implicated by patch testing. This study recommends inclusion of patch test in the management protocol of endogenous eczemas.
Knowledge regarding prevention of child abuse among parents at selected rural area of Western Rajasthan
Authors: Yadav Nisha , Kumari Nirmala , . Parmeshwari , . Pooja , . Pooja , Poonia Pooja , Bairwa Preeti Kumari , Vyas Himanshu , T. Deviga 
Published: December 2020

Background: Child abuse is a kind of domestic violence that involves all forms of physical, emotional and sexual maltreatment and negligence of children under the age of 18 years which potentially or actually damages all aspects of their health. Child abuse is a global problem with serious lifelong consequences. In India the child abuse has not received enough attention. There have been few and irregular efforts to understand and address the problem. Aim was to assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of child abuse among parents.Methods: Descriptive Survey design was used. The study population comprised of parents of children less than 18 years of age. A sample of 60 parents were selected by non-probability purposive sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge regarding child abuse among parents. Informed consent was taken from each participant prior to data collection and descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: Majority of parents 60% had poor or fair level of knowledge, 39% had good knowledge whereas only 1.6% had excellent knowledge. There was a significant association between knowledge and age of mother at 0.02 level of significance.Conclusions: The finding of the study concluded that the knowledge regarding child abuse among parents was inadequate. Considering this aspects further awareness drives can be conducted to make the people alert about child abuse and its prevention.
Awareness of the Indian population regarding COVID-19 pandemic: a questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Senniyappan Malar Kodi , Chellappan Xavier Belsiyal , Deol Rupinder , Garadi Shweta 
Published: December 2020

Background: The quick and widespread of the COVID-19 virulent disease has become a significant cause of concern among the general public and likely to adapt to this situation. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge of COVID-19. This study aims to assess the awareness of the Indian population regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional web-based anonymous survey conducted through an online platform (Google form) among the Indian population. A structured questionnaire was prepared to collect data about 5 minutes required to complete the questionnaire, and a total of 351 responses were received. Descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (chi-square) statistics used to analyze the collected data. Results: A total of 351 respondents have participated in this survey from different states/union territories were included in the analysis. 68.9% were had an adequate level of awareness, and 19.9% of was had an inadequate level of awareness. 78.6% were answered that the virus spreads through touching, coughing, sneezing; also, 78.3% were had knowledge regarding symptoms of COVID-19. Level of awareness was not associated with age, gender and variables were shown association.Conclusions: There is a need to intensify the awareness of people during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Decoding India’s national oral health program-an appraisal of the barriers to quality dental care
Authors: Rawat Renu , Aswal Gunjan S. , Dwivedi Dhara , Gurumurthy Vishwanath , Vishwanath Soumya 
Published: December 2020

Oral health is a poorly assessed and treated aspect of the health among Indians. The government continues to poorly fund oral health programs even though evidence of mounting incidence of poor oral health among Indians lingers on. Regardless of the profoundly anticipated national oral health program, oral health burden stays gazing at the nation. It could be a direct result of a fragmented policy with varying priorities regarding the possible solutions to oral health problems. Its implementation faces numerous hindrances which should be defeated for successful utilization. Thus, it is fundamental for the government of India, the policymakers, the stakeholders, and dental bodies to conquer every single barrier and define a compelling national oral health policy backed by current scientific evidence. It would guarantee oral health care to all particularly the populace from the oppressed section of the society. This paper is an endeavour to unite all the components identified with the national oral health program. Additionally, give suggestions for its viable usage.
COVID-19: global level very high risk pandemic
Authors: Mawale Mahesh B. , Mawale Anupama M. 
Published: December 2020

Rapid worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was attracted a great international attention due to multiple healthcare associated outbreaks in 2012. The disease is associated with a high case fatality rate of 34.5%, and there is no recommended therapy for it. The current COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses, is spreading globally at an accelerated rate. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19, a serious public health emergency, of international concern. The present article represents the epidemiology, transmissibility and treatment thought for COVID-19 disease.
Forecast Future Production and Estimation of Future Costs of Municipal Solid Waste Collection and Transportation System in Yazd Using WAGS Software
Authors: Abbasi Omid , Mokhtari Mehdi , Askari Roohollah , Jambarsang Sarah , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: About 50 to 70 percent of the waste management total cost is spent on collection operations, so any little progress in reducing collection costs could significantly reduce total costs. This study aimed to analyze the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste cost in Yazd in the next 15 years.
Materials and Methods: The study location (five areas) was different urban areas of Yazd city. To analyze the collection and transportation of normal waste cost in Yazd, WAGS software was used. To obtain demographic information, the Statistical Center of Iran data, information about the location of the area, equipment, costs, and taxes related to waste were obtained in cooperation with Yazd Municipality, Recycling Organization, Labor, and Social Affairs Office and field surveys. Apart from WAGS, the ARIMA time series method (1, 1, 0) was also used with SPSS 24.
Results: The highest costs of waste collection belonged to the human resources sector, and personnel costs were 75.24%, machinery supply capital was 13.85%, repair costs were 6.15%, fuel costs were 4.59%, and the costs of the other parts of the total cost of the waste collection were 0.14%.
Conclusion: The total collection and transfer of waste costs were estimated at 10414000 USD to collect and transfer municipal solid waste in Yazd in the next 15 years. Waste generation projection by time series method with the ARIMA model (1, 1, 0) showed more accurate results than waste generation projection with WAGS.
Predicting the Air Quality Index of Industrial Areas in an Industrialized City in India Using Adopting Markov Chain Model
Authors: Prasad S.V.S Raja , Namboodiri V Vishnu 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The rapid urbanization coupled with industrial development in Indian cities has led to air pollution that causes adverse effects on the health of human beings. So, it is crucial to track the quality of air in industrial areas of a city to insulate the public from harmful air pollutants. The present study examined and predicted air quality index levels in industrial areas located in Hyderabad, India.
Materials and Methods: Markov chain model was developed to predict the air quality index levels in three industrial areas of Hyderabad city. The secondary data pertaining to the air quality index was analyzed from January, 2016 to December 2019 by developing Markov chain model. The state transition probabilities were used to find the predicted probability for the next 4 years. The study also analyzed the mean return time for specific states.
Results: According to the findings, the highest frequency observed for transition in a month to the next month was 31 for the second industrial area in moderate state. The longest time required to repeat the state was 23.585 months and 23.259 months for the industrial area 3.
Conclusions: Air quality index varies in industrial areas depending on the nature of industries and type of emissions. The prediction of air quality index is useful for the local authorities to implement measures to minimize the impact of pollutants on human health.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Industrial Purposes Using Geographical Information System (GIS) in Zahedan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
Authors: Sargazi Shahnaz , Almodaresi Seyed Ali , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Dalvand Arash , Sargazi Hossein , Khatebasreh Masoumeh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Water quality is essential for industries because they play an important role in countries’ economic development. Groundwater is one of the most widely used resources, and when the ionic constituents were increasing higher than the allowable limit, it increases the cost of maintenance and production in the industries.
Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate groundwater corrosiveness and scaling potential in Zahedan City, 29 groundwater wells and GIS-based geostatistical mapping techniques were analyzed clemically. The physicochemical parameters were invetsiagted and the most popular corrosion and scaling indices were determined as Langelier Index (LI), Aggressive Index (AI), Ryznar Index (RI), Puckorius Index (PI), and Larson–Skold Index (LS). Using ArcGIS 10.6.1 software, the zoning maps were plotted for LI, AI, RI, PI, and LS indices.
Results: The results showed that total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC) values in all of the samples exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) drinking water standard. AI values of 58.62% samples showing moderate corrosiveness, and the remaining 17 samples have a scaling nature with very less corrosivity. Based on the LI values, 55.2% of samples have a corrosive nature. Concerning RI values, 59% of the samples have a corrosive tendency. According to the PI values, the entire groundwater of this region has a significant corrosive tendency, and 96% of samples exceeded the LS > 1.2, showing a high rate of localized corrosion.
Conclusion: The zoning and spatial analysis of water quality showed that water quality was treated for industrial purposes in the entire studied region.
Study of Blood Cells and Serum Proteins of Three Different Varieties of Fowls
Authors: Roy Suprava , Rao Y. Vasudeva 
Published: December 2020

Background: In the present study attempts have been made to study the blood cells and serum proteins comparatively among three different varieties of fowls, namely Turkey, RIR and Kadaknath. Total RBC and WBC count and serum protein analysis were performed. Methods: The total RBC and WBC were counted with the help of Neubauer’s Haemocytometer. The serum proteins were separated and analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Result: The results showed that, among all the fowl varieties tested, the RBC counts were ranged from 3.01 to 4.46 millions/mm3 and the WBC counts were ranged from 18.26 to 21.78 thousands/mm3. The serum protein analysis revealed that some proteins are present in specific species and specific sex. Hence, these proteins may be counted as markers to determine the species and sex of the species.