bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteric neuronal cell therapy reverses architectural changes in a novel diphtheria toxin-mediated model of colonic aganglionosis
Authors: Bhave Sukhada , Arciero Emily , Baker Corey , Ho Wing Lam , Stavely Rhian , Goldstein Allan M. , Hotta Ryo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHirschsprung disease (HSCR) is characterized by absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in the distal bowel. Despite removal of the aganglionic segment, gastrointestinal (GI) problems persist. Cell therapy offers potential treatment but use of genetic models is limited by their poor survival. We have developed a novel model of aganglionosis in which enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs) express diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor. Local DT injection into the colon wall results in focal, specific, and sustained ENS ablation without altering GI transit or colonic contractility, allowing improved survival over other aganglionosis models. Focal ENS ablation leads to increased smooth muscle and mucosal thickness, and localized inflammation. Transplantation of ENCDCs into this region leads to engraftment, migration, and differentiation of enteric neurons and glial cells, with restoration of normal architecture of the colonic epithelium and muscle, reduction in inflammation, and improved survival.
Genetic analysis of the invasive alga Didymosphenia geminata in Southern Argentina: Evidence of a Pleistocene origin of local lineages
Authors: Jones Leandro R. , Manrique Julieta M. , Uyua Noelia M. , Whitton Brian A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe diatom Didymosphenia geminata has gained notoriety due to the massive growths which have occurred in recent decades in temperate regions. Different explanations have been proposed for this phenomenon, including the emergence of new invasive strains, human dispersion and climate change. Despite the fact in Argentina nuisance growths began in about 2010, historical records suggest that the alga was already present before that date. In addition, preliminary genetic data revealed too high a diversity to be explained by a recent invasion. Here, we estimate the divergence times of strains from southern Argentina. We integrate new genetic data and secondary, fossil and geological calibrations into a Penalized Likelihood model used to infer 18,630 plausible chronograms. These indicate that radiation of the lineages in Argentina began during or before the Pleistocene, which is hard to reconcile with the hypothesis that a new variant is responsible for the local mass growths. Instead, this suggests that important features of present distribution could be the result of multiple recent colonizations or the expansion of formerly rare populations. The text explains how these two possibilities are compatible with the hypothesis that recent nuisance blooms may be a consequence of climate change.
One-year mortality after hip fracture surgery and prognostic factors: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Morri Mattia , Ambrosi Elisa , Chiari Paolo , Orlandi Magli Antonella , Gazineo Domenica , D’ Alessandro Fabio , Forni Cristiana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOlder adult patients with hip fractures are 3–4 times more likely to die within one-year after surgery than general population. The study aimed to identify independent predictive factors associated with one-year mortality after hip fracture surgery. A prospective prognostic cohort study was performed. All patients aged ≥65 years, consecutively admitted in three Italian hospitals with a diagnosis of fragility hip fracture were included. Patients with periprosthetic or pathological fractures were excluded. Multivariate analysis was used to determine variables that significantly increased the risk of one-year mortality and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to assess their predictive capacity on the outcome.1083 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the one-year follow-up was reached in 728 patients. The 16.6% of patients died within one-year after surgery. At the multivariate analysis, advancing age (OR = 1.094, 95% CI = 1.057–1.132), higher baseline Charlson Index (OR = 1.257, 95% CI = 1.114–1.418) and Activities of Daily Living scores (OR = 1.259, 95% CI = 1.143–1.388), presence of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (PUs) (OR = 1.579, 95% CI = 1.002–2.489) and lack recovery of ambulation (OR = 1.736, 95% CI = 1.115–2.703), were found to be independent predictive factors of one-year mortality after surgery. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.780 (CI95% 0.737–0.824) for one-year mortality in elderly hip fractures patients. Early ambulation and careful long-term follow-up, with attention to frailty in elderly people, should be promoted.
Differential Proteome Analysis of Hybrid Bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis) Under Fungal Stress (Arthrinium phaeospermum)
Authors: Li Shujiang , Fang Xinmei , Han Shan , Zhu Tianhui , Zhu Hanmingyue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, TMT (tandem mass tag)-labeled quantitative protein technology combined with LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) was used to isolate and identify the proteins of the hybrid bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocalamopsis grandis) and the bamboo inoculated with the pathogenic fungi Arthrinium phaeospermum. A total of 3320 unique peptide fragments were identified after inoculation with either A. phaeospermum or sterile water, and 1791 proteins were quantified. A total of 102 differentially expressed proteins were obtained, of which 66 differential proteins were upregulated and 36 downregulated in the treatment group. Annotation and enrichment analysis of these peptides and proteins using the GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) databases with bioinformatics software showed that the differentially expressed protein functional annotation items were mainly concentrated on biological processes and cell components. The LC–PRM/MS (liquid chromatography-parallel reaction monitoring/mass spectrometry) quantitative analysis technique was used to quantitatively analyze 11 differential candidate proteins obtained by TMT combined with LC–MS/MS. The up–down trend of 10 differential proteins in the PRM results was consistent with that of the TMT quantitative analysis. The coincidence rate of the two results was 91%, which confirmed the reliability of the proteomic results. Therefore, the differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways discovered here may be the further concern for the bamboo-pathogen interaction studies.
Synthesis of Ce-doped Mn3Gd7−xCex(SiO4)6O1.5 for the enhanced catalytic ozonation of tetracycline
Authors: Fu Jie , Liu Ning , Mei Lefu , Liao Libing , Deyneko Dina , Wang Jiayang , Bai Yaning , Lv Guocheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel cerium doped compounds Mn3Gd7–xCex(SiO4)6O1.5 with an apatite structure was found and used to achieve high-efficiency degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, EDS and other techniques. The characteristic results indicated that the catalytic activity of the compound was improved due to the introduction of Ce in the structure, because Ce3+ which was stably present in the apatite structure can serve as an active site for the reaction, and in addition, there was a high presence between Ce4+ and Ce3+ on the surface of the catalyst. The redox potential and high oxygen storage capacity were also beneficial for the catalytic reaction. The results of free radical capture indicated that both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals participated in the catalytic oxidation process and played an important role in the reaction. The decomposition of tetracycline followed the pseudo second-order reaction kinetics. In addition, the catalyst exhibited long-term stability and low metal leaching during the reaction, which indicated that the novel cerium-doped apatite structure material could be a promising wastewater treatment material.
Re-regeneration to reduce negative effects associated with tail loss in lizards
Authors: Barr James I. , Boisvert Catherine A. , Somaweera Ruchira , Trinajstic Kate , Bateman Philip W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany species of lizard use caudal autotomy, the ability to self-amputate a portion of their tail, regenerated over time, as an effective anti-predation mechanism. The importance of this tactic for survival depends on the degree of predation risk. There are, however, negative trade-offs to losing a tail, such as loss of further autotomy opportunities with the regenerated tail vertebrae being replaced by a continuous cartilaginous rod. The common consensus has been that once a tail has been autotomised and regenerated it can only be autotomised proximal to the last vertebral autotomy point, as the cartilage rod lacks autotomy planes. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that although the regenerated portion of the tail is unable to autotomise, it can re-regenerate following a physical shearing event. We assessed re-regeneration in three populations of the King’s skink (Egernia kingii), a large lizard endemic to south-west Western Australia and surrounding islands. We show that re-regeneration is present at an average of 17.2% across the three populations, and re-regenerated tissue can comprise up to 23.3% of an individual’s total tail length. The ability to re-regenerate may minimise the costs to an individual’s fitness associated with tail loss, efficiently restoring ecological functions of the tail.
D-shaped plastic optical fibre aptasensor for fast thrombin detection in nanomolar range
Authors: Cennamo Nunzio , Pasquardini Laura , Arcadio Francesco , Vanzetti Lia E. , Bossi Alessandra Maria , Zeni Luigi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of optical biosensors for the rapid and costless determination of clinical biomarkers is of paramount importance in medicine. Here we report a fast and low-cost biosensor based on a plasmonic D-shaped plastic optical fibre (POF) sensor derivatized with an aptamer specific for the recognition of thrombin, the target marker of blood homeostasis and coagulation cascade. In particular, we designed a functional interface based on a Self Assembled Monolayer (SAM) composed of short Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) chains and biotin-modified PEG thiol in ratio 8:2 mol:mol, these latter serving as baits for the binding of the aptamer through streptavidin-chemistry. The SAM was studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, static contact angle (CA), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) in POFs, and fluorescence microscopy on gold surface. The optimized SAM composition enabled the immobilization of about 112 ng/cm2 of aptamer. The thrombin detection exploiting POF-Aptasensor occurred in short times (5–10 minutes), the reached Limit of Detection (LOD) was about 1 nM, and the detection range was 1.6–60 nM, indicating the POF-Aptasensor well addresses the needs for a low-cost, simple to use and to realize, rapid, small size and portable diagnostic platform.
A transient time window for early predispositions in newborn chicks
Authors: Versace Elisabetta , Ragusa Morgana , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeonates of different species are born with a set of predispositions that influence their early orienting responses toward the first stimuli encountered in their life. Human neonates and domestic chicks exhibit several similarities in the predisposition for attending to objects that move with speed changes, face-like stimuli and biological motion. Although early predispositions are connected to physiological development, little is known on the temporal course of early predispositions (whether they are stable or change in time) and on the associated genetic variability. To address these issues, we tested the preference for objects that change in speed vs. linear motion in three chicken breeds (Padovana, Polverara and Robusta maculata) within one day after hatching and three days after hatching. We found that the predisposition to preferentially attend to changes in speed is shared by different breeds on the first day of life and that it disappears by day three. These results indicate the existence of a short and transient time window of early predispositions that does not depend on visual experience.
The effects of surface albedo and initial lignin concentration on photodegradation of two varieties of Sorghum bicolor litter
Authors: Ruhland Christopher T. , Niere Joshua A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDecomposition of plant litter exposed to solar radiation appears to be a significant contributor to carbon cycling in some ecosystems. One factor that may influence incident solar radiation exposure on litter is surface albedo. Snow and soils with high reflectivity may enhance photodecomposition, especially in litter that stands upright for extended periods. We examined the influence of different surface albedos on the photodegradation of two varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) litter for 200-d, in southern Minnesota using litterbags made of material with a high transmittance of ultraviolet radiation (UV; 280–400 nm). One of these cultivars was a brown-midrib double mutant (DM) which had reduced levels of lignin compared to the wild type (WT). After 200-d sorghum litter had lost > 50% of its initial mass, and litter that was exposed to a high UV/high visible surface albedo had lost 1.4 and 2.5% more mass than litter exposed to a low UV/high visible and low UV/low visible surface albedo, respectively. Mass loss patterns agreed with initial litter chemistry, as DM litter had higher initial N, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) solubles and holocellulose:lignin ratios and lower lignin:N ratios than WT litter. Mass loss appears to be related to increased loss of hemicellulose and NDF soluble concentrations and not to lignin concentrations. Our results demonstrate that surface albedo has a small but significant effect on photodecomposition of sorghum litter.
Psychological Factors that Influence Decision-Making Regarding Trauma-Related Pain in Adolescents with Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Lee Kyung Mi , Kim Tae , Hong Jung-Pyo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and psychological characteristics of adolescents with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and compared facial macrotrauma effects between young and older adolescents. This case–control study included 70 randomly selected patients (35 young adolescents aged 12–16 years and 35 older adolescents aged 17–19 years) who had been diagnosed with TMD. Each age group was further subdivided according to the presence (T1) or absence (T0) of a macrotrauma history. All patients completed questionnaires on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction. We analyzed TMD severity symptoms using TMD-related indexes and the physical changes of TMJ using TMJ MR images. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised was used to evaluate the patients’ psychological status. Anterior disc displacement was the most frequently observed MRI finding, occurring in a significant proportion of young (47 joints, 67.1%) and older adolescents (40 joints, 57.1%). The prevalence of all the MRI findings (disc displacement, disc deformity, condylar degeneration, and effusion) did not differ between the T0 and T1 subgroups among young and older adolescents. Conversely, the psychological factors differed significantly between the subgroups. Among young adolescents, the mean scores of somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, hostility, phobic ideation, and psychosis were significantly higher in the T1 subgroup than in the T0 subgroup (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, these increased psychological scores positively correlated with TMD indexes. Clinicians should consider that a weakened psychological status could be an aggravating factor in young adolescents with TMD and should consider the implications in future assessment of such patients.
Ambiguity Processing Bias Induced by Depressed Mood Is Associated with Diminished Pleasantness
Authors: Lin Xiao-Xiao , Sun Ya-Bin , Wang Yu-Zheng , Fan Lu , Wang Xin , Wang Ning , Luo Fei , Wang Jin-Yan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDepressed individuals are biased to perceive, interpret, and judge ambiguous cues in a negative/pessimistic manner. Depressed mood can induce and exacerbate these biases, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We theorize that depressed mood can bias ambiguity processing by altering one’s subjective emotional feelings (e.g. pleasantness/unpleasantness) of the cues. This is because when there is limited objective information, individuals often rely on subjective feelings as a source of information for cognitive processing. To test this theory, three groups (induced depression vs. spontaneous depression vs. neutral) were tested in the Judgement Bias Task (JBT), a behavioral assay of ambiguity processing bias. Subjective pleasantness/unpleasantness of cues was measured by facial electromyography (EMG) from the zygomaticus major (ZM, “smiling”) and from the corrugator supercilii (CS, “frowning”) muscles. As predicted, induced sad mood (vs. neutral mood) yielded a negative bias with a magnitude comparable to that in a spontaneous depressed mood. The facial EMG data indicates that the negative judgement bias induced by depressed mood was associated with a decrease in ZM reactivity (i.e., diminished perceived pleasantness of cues). Our results suggest that depressed mood may bias ambiguity processing by affecting the reward system.
Macrophage Mannose Receptor CD206 Predicts Prognosis in Community-acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Tsuchiya Kazuo , Suzuki Yuzo , Yoshimura Katsuhiro , Yasui Hideki , Karayama Masato , Hozumi Hironao , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Yokomura Koushi , Suda Takafumi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCD206, a mannose receptor, is mainly expressed on the surface of alternatively activated macrophages where it acts as a pattern recognition receptor and plays a role in innate and adaptive immunity. This study investigated serum soluble CD206 (sCD206) levels in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and examined their clinical significance. sCD206 concentrations were measured in the sera of two independent cohorts with CAP (127 and 125 patients, respectively) and 42 controls. The expression of CD206 in the lung from autopsied cases was also examined. Patients with CAP showed significantly elevated sCD206 levels than did the controls (p < 0.0001). Notably, fatal CAP patients had more than two-fold higher sCD206 concentrations than survivors in both cohorts (p < 0.0001). Serum sCD206 concentrations were associated with Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) and CURB-65 values. Importantly, even fatal CAP patients classified as PSI I-IV, CURB65 0–2 or age <75 years had comparatively higher levels of sCD206 than those classified as PSI V, CURB-65 3–5 or age ≥75 years. Immunohistochemically, the infiltration of CD206+ macrophages was found in the lungs of fatal cases. Elevated levels of sCD206 are associated with CAP prognosis, suggesting sCD206 might be a potential biomarker to predict severity for CAP.
4D-printed hybrids with localized shape memory behaviour: Implementation in a functionally graded structure
Authors: Sun Yu-Chen , Wan Yimei , Nam Ryan , Chu Marco , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract4D-printed materials are an emerging field of research because the physical structure of these novel materials respond to environmental changes. 3D printing techniques have been employed to print a base material with shape memory properties. Geometrical deformations can be observed once an external stimulus triggers the shape memory effect (SME) integrated into the material. The plasticizing effect is a well-known phenomenon where the microscopic polymer chain movements have been altered and reflected in different shape memory behaviour. It has been suggested that a 4D material with localized actuation behaviour can be fabricated by utilizing functionally graded layers made from different degrees of plasticizing. This study demonstrated that a novel 4D material can be fabricated from material extraction continuous printing technique with different loadings of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticize, achieving localized thermal recovery. The results indicate that a plasticized functional layer is an effective technique for creating next generation 4D materials.
New sparse implantation technique of I-125 low-dose-rate brachytherapy using concomitant short-term hormonal treatment for low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: An initial study of therapeutic feasibility
Authors: Yu Young Dong , Oh Jong Jin , Shin Hyun Soo , Park Dong Soo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes and post-implantation complications of the concurrent androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with I-125 low-dose-rate (LDR)-prostate brachytherapy (sparse implantation technique: SIT) in comparison with the conventional non-ADT using whole gland brachytherapy (CWT). 302 localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients were treated with CWT (implantation dose: 145 Gy) and 215 patients were treated with SIT, which applied reduced implantation dose of 123.5 Gy. SIT group had ADT consisting of bicalutamide 50 mg/day plus 3-month depot (11.25 mg) of leuprolide acetate subcutaneously on the post-implantation day-0. Post-implantation complications and biochemical-recurrence-free-survival (BCRS) were compared between the two groups. After ADT, SIT group had 40.9% patients (40.9%) with prostate volume reduction between 20–30%. At 3-months post-implantation, SIT group presented significantly better IPSS than CWT group (p = 0.038). Both groups showed decrease in IIEF-5 score at 3-months post-implantation, but ST group showed significantly better mean IIEF-5 scores (13.5) than the CWT group (11.1) (p = 0.045). For 3-months post-implantation dosimetry, both groups showed no significant differences regarding D90 (CWT 156 Gy vs. SIT 152 Gy). CWT group had 3 patients with rectal toxicity ≥radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG) grade 2 and 1 patient with urinary toxicity ≥RTOG grade 2 whereas SIT group had no patient with urinary or rectal toxicity ≥RTOG grade 2. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no significant differences regarding PCSS were observed between the two groups (p = 0.350). The SIT group showed compatible oncological outcomes to the CWT and relatively smaller number of post-implantation complications within low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients.
ESR as a monitoring method of the interactions between TEMPO-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and yeast cells
Authors: Krzyminiewski Ryszard , Dobosz Bernadeta , Schroeder Grzegorz , Kurczewska Joanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPotential application of magnetic nanoparticles as drug carriers in medical treatment requires prior determination of their effects on cells. In this work different spin labels and magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with spin labels as well as their interaction with yeast cells were investigated using electron spin resonance (ESR) method. ESR was demonstrated to be a suitable method for monitoring of magnetic core and attached spin labels. Particular emphasis was placed on characterization of endocytosis and redox processes running inside the cell, resulting in recombination of spin labels. Such data could only be obtained at reduced temperature of ESR measurements.