bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of Cr-doped tungsten oxide by liquid-liquid doping precursor
Authors: Guozuan Xu , Liu Rutie , Qiumin Yang , Chenghui Yang , Guohui Huang , Xiang Xiong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The tungsten oxides with uniformly grain growth inhibitor elements can significantly improve the distribution of inhibitors in the subsequent WC powders, and finally enhanced the properties of ultra-fine grained cemented carbides. Thus, a new liquid-liquid doping method was used to prepare the tungsten oxide composite powders with grain growth inhibitor elements by spray drying-calcining process. The microstructure and phase transition of Cr-doped and undoped tungsten oxide composite powders were studied by TG/DSC, XRD, SEM, and XPS. The results showed that Cr doping has little effect on the morphology of the precursor powders after spray drying. However, the existence of ammonium chromate had a significant effect on the properties of the calcined tungsten oxide. The volume expansion of ammonium chromate could reduce the decomposition temperature of ammonium tungstate precursor powders. Additionally, the formation of thermodynamic instability Cr-O-W compound could be the reason for the exothermic peak appeared at 486.3 °C. Moreover, the ‘liquid-liquid’ doping method guaranteed the uniform distribution of Cr2O3, which was favourable for the stable existence of hexagonal metastable h-WO3. The tungsten oxide powders calcined at 600 °C have a flaky morphology due to the uniform distribution of Cr2O3, and the uniform distribution of Cr2O3 in the powder can also prevent the grain growth of WO3.
Influence of ytterbium (Yb) dopant on the optical properties of electrochemically deposited zinc oxide (ZnO) films
Authors: Ikhioya Imosobomeh L , Akpu Nwamaka I , Nkele Agnes C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUndoped and ytterbium-doped ZnO films were synthesized on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive substrates using zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3).6H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ytterbium nitrate penta-hydride (Yb (NO3)3.5H2O) as sources of Zn2+, O2−and Yb2+ions respectively through electrodeposition method. The structure, elemental composition, and optical features were determined via x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), four-point probe technique, and scanning electron microscopy respectively. The impact of Yb on ZnO crystallographic, elemental, optical, and energy band gap features of the ZnO materials have been studied. Structural results revealed polycrystalline films while the EDX spectrum affirms the presence of the basic elemental composition of deposits. The optical result showed high absorbance feature and decreased energy band gaps of zinc oxide films after introducing ytterbium as dopant. The energy band gap value observed for the undoped zinc oxide film which was 3.05 eV recorded a decreased range from 2.79 eV to 2.64 eV upon doping. The films exhibited increasing resistivity with thickness and granular nanocrystals distributed over the substrate surface. The low transmitting property and decreased energy band gaps of the Yb-doped ZnO films make it useful materials for solar thermal energy collectors and photovoltaic applications.
Research on corona discharge suppression of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines based on dielectric-film-covered conductor
Authors: JIANG Yuze , LI Qiying , ZHANG Xuekai , JIANG Diwen , LIU Shiqiang , PENG Bangfa , LI Jie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Corona discharge suppression for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission lines at line terminals such as converter stations is a subject that requires attention. In this paper, a method based on a conductor covered with dielectric film is proposed and implemented through a bench-scale setup. Compared with the bare conductor, the corona discharge suppression effect of the dielectric-film-covered conductor under positive polarity is studied from the composite field strength and ion current density using a line-plate experimental device. The influences of film thickness and film material on the corona discharge suppression effect are investigated. The charge accumulation and dissipation characteristics of different film materials are also studied. The results show that the conductor covered with dielectric film has excellent ability to inhibit corona discharge. The ground-level composite field strength of the conductor covered with dielectric film is lower than its nominal field strength, and its ion current density is at the nA m−2 level. The corona threshold voltage can be promoted by increasing the film thickness, but the ability to inhibit corona discharge becomes weak. The larger the surface electric field strength, the more charge accumulated, but the faster the charge dissipation rate. Compared with polyvinyl chloride film, cross-linked polyethylene film has stronger charge accumulation ability and slower charge dissipation rate, which can better restrain the corona discharge of HVDC transmission lines.
Climate-Mediated Changes to Linked Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems across the Northeast Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest Margin
Authors: Bidlack Allison L , Bisbing Sarah M , Buma Brian J , Diefenderfer Heida L , Fellman Jason B , Floyd William C , Giesbrecht Ian , Lally Amritpal , Lertzman Ken P , Perakis Steven S , Butman David E , D'Amore David V , Fleming Sean W , Hood Eran W , Hunt Brian P V , Kiffney Peter M , McNicol Gavin , Menounos Brian , Tank Suzanne E 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTCoastal margins are important areas of materials flux that link terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Consequently, climate-mediated changes to coastal terrestrial ecosystems and hydrologic regimes have high potential to influence nearshore ocean chemistry and food web dynamics. Research from tightly coupled, high-flux coastal ecosystems can advance understanding of terrestrial–marine links and climate sensitivities more generally. In the present article, we use the northeast Pacific coastal temperate rainforest as a model system to evaluate such links. We focus on key above- and belowground production and hydrological transport processes that control the land-to-ocean flow of materials and their influence on nearshore marine ecosystems. We evaluate how these connections may be altered by global climate change and we identify knowledge gaps in our understanding of the source, transport, and fate of terrestrial materials along this coastal margin. Finally, we propose five priority research themes in this region that are relevant for understanding coastal ecosystem links more broadly.
Minsky’s legacy: two strands
Authors: Bezemer Dirk J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This review article assesses the legacy of Hyman Minsky on the occasion of two newly published books. It identifies two strands of research building on Minsky’s ideas and his research practice, which was eclectic. These two strands draw inspiration from, respectively, a ‘Money View Minsky’ and a ‘Model Minsky’. They represent different ways of doing economics, and they highlight, respectively, the microeconomic and macroeconomic dimensions of the Minskian analysis. Their compatibility hinges on the contested issue of aggregation in the financial instability hypothesis. This paper presents reviews of the books, and it highlights the diversity and the tensions in interpretations of Minsky’s work.
The ‘Antipoet of the Greeks’, or, how Euripides became a modernist
Authors: Gabriel Kay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis essay pursues the history of the widespread and influential claim that the ancient Greek tragedian Euripides anticipates the social concerns of modernity and the formal strategies of modernism. The claim originated at the same time as the development of the canon of German tragic criticism at the turn of the nineteenth century. Building on but importantly altering the ancient criticism of Euripides from Aristophanes and Aristotle, Friedrich and August Wilhelm Schlegel and Friedrich Schiller each understood Euripides in close and uncomfortable proximity to their own political moment. The criticism that developed out of this canon both identified Euripides as an untimely modern and produced a series of hostile appraisals of his work. In the conjuncture of modernism in the early twentieth century, professional classicists and modernist poets both accepted the claim of Euripides’ untimely modernity and transvalued its terms: the projection of a ruptural, anticipatory modernity onto Euripides allowed the tragedian to assume the cast of a fellow-traveler of the literary projects of modernism itself. Following the modernist conjuncture, the untimely modernity claim has thoroughly influenced, and frequently dominated, the translation, adaptation, and interpretation of Euripides both inside and outside the professional study of Classics.
Social Isolation and Cognitive Functioning: A Quasi-Experimental Approach
Authors: Okamoto Shohei , Kobayashi Erika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the relationship between social isolation and cognitive functioning.

Method
Data were retrieved from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, a nationally representative sample of Japanese adults, aged 60 years or older. We estimated a social isolation index to incorporate variables, such as social interactions, social engagement, and social support, with perceived social isolation, for a comprehensive measurement. The association of social isolation with cognitive functioning was assessed using a panel data fixed-effects model, controlling for age, socioeconomic status, health-related variables, and time-invariant heterogeneity. Moreover, we conducted analyses using the System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to address the dynamic relationship of cognitive functioning and potential endogeneity.

Results
For both men and women, the association between social isolation and cognitive functioning was significant, particularly among those aged 75 or older, as a 1% increase in social isolation was associated with decreased cognitive functioning (24% decrease for men and 20% decrease for women). However, this association was not confirmed by the System GMM, after addressing endogeneity.

Discussion
Our findings potentially suggest that the association between social relationship and cognitive functioning reported in previous studies was biased, due to endogeneity. Although we did not observe causal impacts, this does not necessarily mean that social isolation does not have a negative impact on health, as both positive and negative consequences of social relationships may exist. Further research is needed to reveal the causal relationship, as well as the detailed mechanisms of health effects of social relationships.
Daily Social Interactions and HPA Axis Activity Among Midlife and Older Adults
Authors: Polenick Courtney A , Birditt Kira S , Turkelson Angela , Perbix Emily A , Salwi Shreya M , Zarit Steven H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older people experience fewer negative interactions and report less stress in response to interpersonal tensions. Less is known, however, about the implications of daily social interactions for biological stress responses. We evaluated links between daily positive and negative interactions and 2 key biomeasures of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). We also considered the moderating effects of age.

Research Design and Methods
Participants included a random sample of 93 individuals aged 40–95 who completed 14 days of daily diary interviews and provided saliva samples during 4 of those days.

Results
Three-level piecewise models showed that individuals had higher sustained DHEA-S levels on days after reporting more positive interactions. Young-old adults (60–79) had lower overall DHEA-S on days when they had more negative interactions than oldest-old adults (80 and older). Oldest-old adults showed a flatter decline in DHEA-S on days after they reported more negative interactions compared to midlife adults (40–59). Daily social interactions were not significantly associated with cortisol.

Discussion and Implications
Strategies to increase positive interactions may help to build physiological resilience to stress, particularly among midlife and young-old adults.
Differential haptoglobin responsiveness to aMannheimia haemolyticachallenge altered immunologic, physiologic, and behavior responses in beef steers
Authors: Wottlin Lauren R , Carstens Gordon E , Kayser William C , Pinchak William E , Thomson Jennifer M , Copié Valerie , O’Shea-Stone Galen P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndicator traits associated with disease resiliency would be useful to improve the health and welfare of feedlot cattle. A post hoc analysis of data collected previously (Kayser et al., 2019a) was conducted to investigate differences in immunologic, physiologic, and behavioral responses of steers (N = 36, initial BW = 386 ± 24 kg) that had differential haptoglobin (HPT) responses to an experimentally induced challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH). Rumen temperature, DMI, and feeding behavior data were collected continuously, and serial blood samples were collected following the MH challenge. Retrospectively, it was determined that 9 of the 18 MH-challenged steers mounted a minimal HPT response, despite having similar leukocyte and temperature responses to other MH-challenged steers with a greater HPT response. Our objective was to examine differences in behavioral and physiological responses between MH-challenged HPT responsive (RES; n = 9), MH-challenged HPT nonresponsive (NON; n = 9), and phosphate-buffered saline-inoculated controls (CON; n = 18). Additionally, 1H NMR analysis was conducted to determine whether the HPT-responsive phenotype affected serum metabolite profiles. The RES steers had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) cortisol concentrations than NON and CON steers. The magnitude of the increases in neutrophil concentrations and rumen temperature, and the reduction in DMI following the MH challenge were greatest (P &lt; 0.05) in RES steers. Univariate analysis of serum metabolites indicated differences between RES, NON, and CON steers following the MH challenge; however, multivariate analysis revealed no difference between HPT-responsive phenotypes. Prior to the MH challenge, RES steers had longer (P &lt; 0.05) head down and bunk visit durations, slower eating rates (P &lt; 0.01) and greater (P &lt; 0.05) daily variances in bunk visit frequency and head down duration compared with NON steers, suggesting that feeding behavior patterns were associated with the HPT-responsive phenotype. During the 28-d postchallenge period, RES steers had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) final BW, tended (P = 0.06) to have lesser DMI, and had greater (P &lt; 0.05) daily variances in head down and bunk visit durations compared with NON steers, which may have been attributed to their greater acute-phase protein response to the MH challenge. These results indicate that the HPT-responsive phenotype affected feeding behavior patterns and may be associated with disease resiliency in beef cattle.
The ‘wave sign’ in hip arthroscopy: a systematic review of epidemiological factors, current diagnostic methods and treatment options
Authors: Onggo Jason Derry , Onggo James Randolph , Nambiar Mithun , Duong Andrew , Ayeni Olufemi R , O’Donnell John , Singh Parminder J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to present a systematic review and synthesized evidence on the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods and treatment options available for this phenomenon. A multi-database search (OVID Medline, EMBASE and PubMed) was performed according to PRISMA guidelines on 18 June 2019. All studies of any study design discussing on the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods, classification systems and treatment options of the wave sign were included. The Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment tool was used to appraise articles. No quantitative analysis could be performed due to heterogeneous data reported; 11 studies with a total of 501 patients with the wave sign were included. Three studies examined risk factors for wave sign and concluded that cam lesions were most common. Other risk factors include alpha angle &gt;65° (OR=4.00, 95% CI: 1.26–12.71, P=0.02), male gender (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.09–4.62, P=0.03) and older age (OR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, P=0.03). Increased acetabular coverage in setting of concurrent cam lesions may be a protective factor. Wave signs most commonly occur at the anterior, superior and anterosuperior acetabulum. In terms of staging accuracy, the Haddad classification had the highest coefficients in intraclass correlation (k=0.81, 95% CI: 0.23–0.95, P=0.011), inter-observer reliability (k=0.88, 95% CI: 0.72–0.97, P&lt;0.001) and internal validity (k=0.89). One study investigated the utility of quantitative magnetic imaging for wave sign, concluding that significant heterogeneity in T1ρ and T2 values (P&lt;0.05) of acetabular cartilage is indicative of acetabular debonding. Four studies reported treatment techniques, including bridging suture repair, reverse microfracture with bubble decompression and microfracture with fibrin adhesive glue, with the latter reporting statistically significant improvements in modified Harris hip scores at 6-months (MD=19.2, P&lt;0.05), 12-months (MD=22.0, P&lt;0.05) and 28-months (MD=17.5, P&lt;0.001). No clinical studies were available for other treatment options. There is a scarcity of literature on the wave sign. Identifying at risk symptomatic patients is important to provide prompt diagnosis and treatment. Diagnostic techniques and operative options are still in early developmental stages. More research is needed to understand the natural history of wave sign lesions after arthroscopic surgery and whether intervention can improve long-term outcomes. Level IV, Systematic review of non-homogeneous studies.
Pop goes the tumour! Spontaneous haemorrhage of a hepatocellular carcinoma tumour
Authors: Agostinho Nelson , Bains Harinder K , Douglas Cameron P , Walcott James , Brown Kilian G M , Rawson Robert , Sandroussi Charbel , Perera Meegodage Ruwan Suramal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An 84-year-old man presented to a rural hospital in Australia with haemodynamic instability and abdominal pain. Investigation revealed haemorrhage from a lesion in his liver—an incidental finding of a hepatocellular carcinoma. Initial resuscitation and damage control surgery was performed at the peripheral hospital prior to transfer to a tertiary centre 386 km away for the second stage of management. The second stage of management included interventional radiological embolization of the bleeding liver vessel and subsequent resection of the liver tumour. This was all undertaken with new policies in place to limit the spread of infection at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Acute schistosomiasis in paediatric travellers and comparison with their companion adults
Authors: Rabinowicz Shira , Leshem Eyal , Schwartz Eli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSchistosomiasis in non-immune travellers can cause acute schistosomiasis, a multi-systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Little is known regarding acute schistosomiasis in children. We describe acute schistosomiasis in paediatric travellers and compare them with adult travellers.MethodsA retrospective study of paediatric travellers (0–18 years old) diagnosed with schistosomiasis at Sheba Medical Center. Patients’ findings are compared with those of adult travellers from the same travel groups.Resultsin total, 18 children and 24 adults from five different trips to Tanzania, Uganda, Nigeria and Laos were infected (90% of the exposed travellers). The median bathing time of the infected children was 30 min (interquartile range (IQR) 15–30 min). The most common presentations were respiratory symptoms in 13 (72%), eosinophilia in 13 (72%) and fever in 11 (61%). Acute illness included a median of 2.5 symptoms. Three children required hospitalization and three were asymptomatic. Fatigue was significantly less common in children compared with similarly exposed adults (33% vs 71%, P = 0.03). Rates of hospitalization and steroid treatment were similar. The median eosinophil count in children was 1045 cells/μl (IQR 625–2575), lower than adults [2900 cells/μl (IQR 1170–4584)], P = 0.02.ConclusionsChildren may develop acute schistosomiasis following short exposure to contaminated freshwater, demonstrating a high infection rate. Severity seems to be similar to adults, although children report fatigue less commonly and show lower eosinophil counts. The disease should be suspected in children with multi-systemic illness and in asymptomatic children with relevant travel history.
A quest for long-distance signals: the epidermis as central regulator of pipecolic acid-associated systemic acquired resistance
Authors: Vlot A Corina 
Published: December 2020

This article comments on:
Jiang SC, Engle NL, Banday ZZ, Cecchini NM, Jung HW, Tschaplinski TJ, Greenberg JT. 2021. ALD1 accumulation in Arabidopsis epidermal plastids confers local and non-autonomous disease resistance. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 2710–2726.
Ethical Considerations for Surgical Planners from the Lessons Learned on USNS COMFORT (T-AH 20) Deployment 2019
Authors: Younger Austin , Worlton Tamara J , Wallace Scott , Steigleman W Allan , Ortiz-Pomales Yan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Ethical issues can arise when planning for direct patient care surgical missions. Based on the lessons learned from the USNS COMFORT Deployment 2019, the authors present concise considerations and recommendations for future hospital ship surgical mission planning.
Detection of a High-Temperature Blackbody Hump in Black Hole Spectra. The strongly redshifted annihilation line
Authors: Titarchuk Lev , Seifina Elena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We detected a so called high-temperature blackbody (HBB) component, found in the 15 – 40 keV range, in the broad-band X-ray energy spectra of black hole (BH) candidate sources. A detailed study of this spectral feature is presented using data from five of the Galactic BH binaries, Cyg X–1, GX 339–4, GRS 1915+105, SS 433 and V4641 Sgr in the low/hard, intermediate, high/soft and very soft spectral states (LHS, IS, HSS and VSS, respectively) and spectral transitions between them using RXTE, INTEGRAL and BeppoSAX data. In order to fit the broad-band energy spectra of these sources we used an additive XSPEC model, composed of the Comptonization component and the Gaussian line component. In particular, we reveal that the IS spectra have the HBB component which color temperature, kTHBB is in the range of 4.5 – 5.9 keV. This HBB feature has been detected in some spectra of these five sources only in the IS (for the photon index Γ &gt; 1.9) using different X-ray telescopes. We also demonstrate that a timescale of the HBB-feature is of orders of magnitude shorter than the timescale of the iron line and its edge. That leads us to conclude that these spectral features are formed in geometrically different parts of the source and which are not connected to each other. Laurent & Titarchuk (2018) demonstrated a presence of a gravitational redshifted annihilation line emission in a BH using the Monte-Carlo simulations and therefore the observed HBB hump leads us to suggest this feature is a gravitational redshifted annihilation line observed in these black holes.