bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Book of Proverbs and Virtue Ethics
Authors: Keefer Arthur Jan 
Published: October 2020

In this book, Arthur Keefer offers a new interpretation of the book of Proverbs from the standpoint of virtue ethics. Using an innovative method that bridges philosophy and biblical studies, he argues that much of the instruction within Proverbs meets the criteria for moral and theological virtue as set out in Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and the works of St. Thomas Aquinas. Keefer presents the moral thought of Proverbs in its social, historical, and theological contexts. He shows how these contexts shed light on the conceptualization of virtue, the virtues that are promoted and omitted, and the characteristics that make Proverbs a distinctive moral tradition. In giving undivided attention to biblical virtue, this volume opens the way for new avenues of study in biblical ethics, including law, narrative, and other aspects of biblical instruction and wisdom.
Identifying and Implementing Strategies to Reduce the Risk of Self-Contamination of Health Care Workers Caused by Doffing of Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saran Sai , Gurjar Mohan , Garg Atul 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTDuring the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, it is estimated that tens of thousands of health care workers have been infected. The doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) has been identified an important place and procedure that might influence the self-contamination of health care workers. More recent evidence suggests that, in addition to existing infection control standards, there is an urgent need for the incorporation of various recent information and advancements pertaining to structure and process to reduce the self-contamination of health care workers during the doffing of PPE.
Finding Opportunities for Health-Care System Advancement in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Malish Richard G. , Meyers Garrett , Sondgeroth Charles D. , Whiddon Michael S. , Hall Brian T. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced American medical systems to adapt to high patient loads of respiratory disease. Its disruption of normal routines also brought opportunities for broader reform. The purpose of this article is to describe how the Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center (CRDAMC), a medium-sized Army hospital, capitalized on opportunities to advance its strategic aims during the pandemic. Specifically, the hospital sequentially adopted virtual video visits, surged on preventative screenings, and made-over its image to appeal to patients seeking urgent care. These campaigns supported COVID-19 efforts and larger strategic goals simultaneously, and they will endure for years to come. Predictably, CRDAMC encountered obstacles in the course of its transformation. These obstacles and their follow-on lessons are provided to assist future medical leaders seeking quantum change in the opportunities made available by health crises.
A PREDICATIVE VARIANT OF HYLAND’S EFFECTIVE TOPOS
Authors: MAIETTI MARIA EMILIA , MASCHIO SAMUELE 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere, we present a category
${\mathbf {pEff}}$
which can be considered a predicative variant of Hyland's Effective Topos
${{\mathbf {Eff} }}$
for the following reasons. First, its construction is carried in Feferman’s predicative theory of non-iterative fixpoints
${{\widehat {ID_1}}}$
. Second,
${\mathbf {pEff}}$
is a list-arithmetic locally cartesian closed pretopos with a full subcategory
${{\mathbf {pEff}_{set}}}$
of small objects having the same categorical structure which is preserved by the embedding in
${\mathbf {pEff}}$
; furthermore subobjects in
${{\mathbf {pEff}_{set}}}$
are classified by a non-small object in
${\mathbf {pEff}}$
. Third
${\mathbf {pEff}}$
happens to coincide with the exact completion of the lex category defined as a predicative rendering in
${{\widehat {ID_1}}}$
of the subcategory of
${{\mathbf {Eff} }}$
of recursive functions and it validates the Formal Church’s thesis. Hence pEff turns out to be itself a predicative rendering of a full subcategory of
${{\mathbf {Eff} }}$
.
PUNCTUAL CATEGORICITY AND UNIVERSALITY
Authors: DOWNEY ROD , GREENBERG NOAM , MELNIKOV ALEXANDER , MENG NG KENG , TURETSKY DANIEL 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe describe punctual categoricity in several natural classes, including binary relational structures and mono-unary functional structures. We prove that every punctually categorical structure in a finite unary language is${\text {PA}}(0')$-categorical, and we show that this upper bound is tight. We also construct an example of a punctually categorical structure whose degree of categoricity is$0''$. We also prove that, with a bit of work, the latter result can be pushed beyond$\Delta ^1_1$, thus showing that punctually categorical structures can possess arbitrarily complex automorphism orbits.As a consequence, it follows that binary relational structures and unary structures are not universal with respect to primitive recursive interpretations; equivalently, in these classes every rich enough interpretation technique must necessarily involve unbounded existential quantification or infinite disjunction. In contrast, it is well-known that both classes are universal for Turing computability.
Reversal of Fortune or Continued Misery? Ulbe Bosma'sMaking of a PeripheryReviewed
Authors: van Nederveen Meerkerk Elise 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith his latest book,The Making of a Periphery, Ulbe Bosma makes a successful attempt to “decompress history”. Apart from praising his work, I want to offer two critical comments and a suggestion for global comparison. First, I argue that the role of colonialism/imperialism is somewhat downplayed in the book. Second, although I am impressed by the vast body of literature cited, I believe that at several instances the book might have benefited from its arguments being underpinned by more solid empirical quantitative data. Finally, I raise the question how unique the “plantation economies” of Island South East Asia actually were, which also implies a suggestion for further research along the lines of Bosma's impressive monograph.
Agranulocytosis leads to intestinalEchinococcus multilocularisoncosphere invasion and hepatic metacestode development in naturally resistant Wistar rats
Authors: Joekel Deborah E. , Nur Selim , Monné Rodriguez Josep , Kronenberg Philipp A. , Kipar Anja , LeibundGut-Landmann Salomé , Deplazes Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSusceptibility toEchinococcus multilocularisinfection considerably varies among intermediate (mostly rodents) and dead-end host species (e.g. humans and pig), in particular regarding intestinal oncosphere invasion and subsequent hepatic metacestode development. Wistar rats are highly resistant to infection and subsequent diseases upon oral inoculation withE. multiloculariseggs, however, after immunosuppressive treatment with dexamethasone, rats become susceptible. To address the role of the cellular innate immunity, Wistar rats were individually or combined depleted of natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages (MΦ) and granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells, PMN) prior toE. multilocularisegg inoculation. Although NK cell and MΦ depletion did not alter the resistance status of rats, the majority of PMN-depleted animals developed liver metacestodes within 10 weeks, indicating that PMN are key players in preventing oncosphere migration and/or development in Wistar rats.In vitrostudies indicated that resistance is not caused by neutrophil reactive oxygen species or NETosis. Also, light microscopical examinations of the small intestine showed that oral inoculation ofE. multiloculariseggs does not elicit a mucosal neutrophil response, suggesting that the interaction of oncospheres and neutrophils may occur after the former have entered the peripheral blood. We suggest to consider granulocytes as mediators of resistance in more resistant species, such as humans.
Impact of the hospital built environment on treatment satisfaction of psychiatric in-patients
Authors: Jovanović Nikolina , Miglietta Elisabetta , Podlesek Anja , Malekzadeh Adam , Lasalvia Antonio , Campbell Justin , Priebe Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundA hospital built environment can affect patients’ treatment satisfaction, which is, in turn, associated with crucial clinical outcomes. However, little research has explored which elements are specifically important for psychiatric in-patients. This study aims to identify which elements of the hospital environment are associated with higher patient satisfaction with psychiatric in-patient care.MethodsThe study was conducted in Italy and the United Kingdom. Data was collected through hospital visits and patient interviews. All hospitals were assessed for general characteristics, aspects specific to psychiatry (patient safety, mixed/single-sex wards, smoking on/off wards), and quality of hospital environment. Patients’ treatment satisfaction was assessed using the Client Assessment of Treatment Scale (CAT). Multi-level modelling was used to explore the role of environment in predicting the CAT scores adjusted for age, gender, education, diagnosis, and formal status.ResultsThe study included 18 psychiatric hospitals (7 in Italy and 11 in the United Kingdom) and 2130 patients. Healthcare systems in these countries share key characteristics (e.g. National Health Service, care organised on a geographical basis) and differ in policy regulation and governance. Two elements were associated with higher patient treatment satisfaction: being hospitalised on a mixed-sex ward (p = 0.003) and the availability of rooms to meet family off wards (p = 0.020).ConclusionsAs hospitals are among the most expensive facilities to build, their design should be guided by research evidence. Two design features can potentially improve patient satisfaction: family rooms off wards and mixed-sex wards. This evidence should be considered when designing or renovating psychiatric facilities.
The olfactory deficits of depressed patients are restored after remission with venlafaxine treatment
Authors: Colle Romain , El Asmar Khalil , Verstuyft Céline , Lledo Pierre-Marie , Lazarini Françoise , Chappell Kenneth , Deflesselle Eric , Ait Tayeb Abd El Kader , Falissard Bruno , Duron Emmanuelle , Rotenberg Samuel , Costemale-Lacoste Jean-Francois , David Denis J. , Gressier Florence , Gardier Alain M. , Hummel Thomas , Becquemont Laurent , Corruble Emmanuelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether olfactory deficits improve after remission in depressed patients. Therefore, we aimed to assess in drug-free patients the olfactory performance of patients with major depressive episodes (MDE) and its change after antidepressant treatment.MethodsIn the DEP-ARREST-CLIN study, 69 drug-free patients with a current MDE in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD) were assessed for their olfactory performances and depression severity, before and after 1 (M1) and 3 (M3) months of venlafaxine antidepressant treatment. They were compared to 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Olfaction was assessed with a psychophysical test, the Sniffin’ Sticks test (Threshold: T score; Discrimination: D score; Identification: I score; total score: T + D + I = TDI score) and Pleasantness (pleasantness score: p score; neutral score: N score; unpleasantness score: U score).ResultsAs compared to HCs, depressed patients had lower TDI olfactory scores [mean (s.d.) 30.0(4.5) v. 33.3(4.2), p < 0.001], T scores [5.6(2.6) v. 7.4(2.6), p < 0.01], p scores [7.5(3.0) v. 9.8(2.8), p < 0.001)] and higher N scores [3.5(2.6) v. 2.1(1.8), p < 0.01]. T, p and N scores at baseline were independent from depression and anhedonia severity. After venlafaxine treatment, significant increases of T scores [M1: 7.0(2.6) and M3: 6.8(3.1), p < 0.01] and p scores [M1: 8.1(3.0) and M3: 8.4(3.3), p < 0.05] were evidenced, in remitters only (T: p < 0.01; P: p < 0.01). Olfaction improvement was mediated by depression improvement.ConclusionsThe olfactory signature of MDE is restored after venlafaxine treatment. This olfaction improvement is mediated by depression improvement.
Beauty and the Beast: On a Doe, a Devilish Hunter, and Jewish-Christian Polemics
Authors: Offenberg Sara 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHunting scenes are common in Jewish illuminated manuscripts and are understood as allegories of the Jew, usually represented as a hare or a deer, being persecuted by the Christian, shown as a hunter and his dogs. This article will discuss a hunt scene from theWorms Maḥzor, an Ashkenazic illuminated prayer book produced in 1272, probably in Würzburg. At the top of folio 130r, an illumination of the piyyut (liturgical poem) “ʾAyelet ʾahavim” (the loving hind, or doe) for Shavuot displays a deer being hunted by a devilish hunter and his dogs. Examining the illustration in the context of contemporary textual evidence, I shall demonstrate that the deer in theWorms Maḥzorportrays the Torah itself being persecuted by the hunter, who can be understood not only as a Christian or Esau, but also as Jesus.
What Is the Subject of Principle 2 in Maimonides'sBook of the Commandments? Towards a New Understanding of Maimonides's Approach to Extrascriptural Law
Authors: Herman Marc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmong Maimonides's many statements about extrascriptural laws in rabbinic literature, none has attracted as much attention as principle 2 in hisBook of the Commandments. Modern scholars have largely understood this text to claim that very few of the laws found in rabbinic literature are Sinaitic in origin and of biblical status. Yet, until the twentieth century, principle 2 was primarily read as distinguishing between revealed laws that constitute enumerated commandments and revealed laws that do not. In fact, neither reading is consistent with other Maimonidean statements. By contextualizing principle 2 within theBook of the Commandments, this essay reconsiders Maimonides's enumeration of the commandments and argues that many of the problems that principle 2 was designed to address, and that it also generated, resulted from the incongruity of his project of enumerating precisely 613 commandments alongside his understanding of revelation as a corpus that included not only the Written Torah but innumerable extrascriptural traditions as well. An appendix evaluates pertinent aspects of the most recent monograph dedicated to Maimonides's scriptural hermeneutics.
The idealisation of bottle feeding: content analysis of feeding bottles and teats packages in Uruguay
Authors: Alcaire Florencia , Antúnez Lucía , Vidal Leticia , de León Carolina , Girona Alejandra , Rodríguez Raquel , Giménez Ana , Bove Isabel , Ares Gastón 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective:The information displayed on the packages of feeding bottles and teats commercialised in Montevideo (Uruguay) was analysed using content analysis with the goal of identifying key marketing practices that may discourage breast-feeding.Design:The study was conducted as part of the periodic assessment performed by the Uruguayan government to monitor the marketing of breast milk substitutes. All the feeding bottles and teats sold in forty-four retail outlets selling breast milk substitutes were purchased. The information available on the packages was analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics.Setting:Montevideo, Uruguay.Results:A total of 197 feeding bottles and 71 teats were found. The majority of the packages included information to enable caregivers to adequately use the products, including recommended age, instructions on how to use the products and instructions on the use of hygienic practices. However, the packages frequently included information that implied that bottle feeding was equivalent to breast-feeding, particularly from a physiological perspective, or that idealised product use. Idealisations included ability to reduce colic, improvements in the feeding experience and improvements in children’s health, well-being and development. Statements on the superiority of breast-feeding were infrequent.Conclusions:The results from the present work showed the high prevalence of marketing practices on the packages of feeding bottles and teats that may discourage breast-feeding. Stricter and more detailed regulations seem necessary to enable caregivers to make informed feeding decisions for infants.
Exploring the Long‐Term Economic and Social Impact of Green Infrastructure in New York City
Authors: Wong S. M. , Montalto F. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcross the world, cities are spending billions of dollars to manage urban runoff through decentralized green infrastructure (GI). This research uses an agent‐based model to explore some of the physical, social, and economic consequences of one such urban GI programs. Using the Bronx, NY, as a case study, two alternative approaches to GI application are compared. The first (Model 1) mimics NYC's current GI program by opportunistically selecting sites for GI within the city's priority combined sewer watersheds; the second (Model 2) features a more spatially flexible approach to GI siting, in which the city attempts to maximize opportunities for co‐benefits within the geographic areas considered in Model 1. The effects of both approaches, measured in terms of stormwater captured and co‐benefits (e.g., carbon sequestered) provided, are tracked over 20‐year simulations. While both models suggest it will be difficult to meet the citywide stormwater capture goals (managing the first 2.5 cm of rainfall from 10% of impervious surfaces) in the Bronx solely through public investment in GI, Model 2 shows that by integrating GI with other city initiatives (e.g., sustainability goals and resilience planning), synergistic outcomes are possible. Specifically, Model 2 produces stormwater capture rates comparable to those obtained under Model 1, but these rates are accompanied by elevated co‐benefits for Bronx communities. The results are discussed in the context of future GI policy development in NYC.
Temporal Characteristics of Energetic Magnetospheric Electron Precipitation as Observed During Long‐Term Balloon Observations
Authors: Bazilevskaya G. A. , Kalinin M. S. , Krainev M. B. , Makhmutov V. S. , Stozhkov Y. I. , Svirzhevskaya A. K. , Svirzhevsky N. S. , Gvozdevsky B. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe paper summarizes the properties of precipitation of magnetospheric electrons with energy above several hundred keV recorded by observing X‐ray bremsstrahlung in the polar stratosphere above the Murmansk region, Russia, in 1961–2019. Precipitation occurrence rate demonstrates a clear dependence on the solar activity with a maximum at the decay phase of the 11‐year solar cycle, similarly to the variability in occurrences of the high‐speed solar wind streams (HSSWS). The energetic electron precipitation (EEP) event series is often initiated by a moderate geomagnetic storm caused by a HSSWS and continues during geomagnetic storm recovery. EEP demonstrates the seasonal rate variation with the maxima in occurrence rate around the spring and the autumn solstices and correlates with fluences of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. For 59 years, 589 events of precipitation were observed. Analysis of the long‐term time series revealed a growing trend in the rate of precipitation occurrence, especially in the 1990s to 2000s that is not properly explained yet.
Physical Controls on Carbonate Intraclasts: Modern Flat Pebbles From Great Salt Lake, Utah
Authors: Smith B. P. , Ingalls M. , Trower E. J. , Lingappa U. F. , Present T. M. , Magyar J. S. , Fischer W. W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn carbonate‐forming environments, authigenic minerals can cement surface sediments into centimeter‐sized intraclasts that are later reworked into “flat‐pebble” or “edgewise” conglomerates. Flat‐pebble conglomerates comprise only a small portion of facies in modern marine environments but are common in ancient strata, implying that seafloor cements were more widespread in the past. Flat‐pebble conglomerates nearly disappeared after the Ordovician radiation, yet it is unclear if this decline was due to changing seawater chemistry or if increased infaunalization and bioturbation simply worked to break down nascent clasts. We discovered a process analog that produces flat‐pebble conglomerates around the Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA, and studied these facies using field observations, wave models, satellite imagery, petrography, and microanalytic chemical data. Clasts were sourced from wave‐rippled grainstone that cemented in situ in offshore environments. Lake floor cements formed under aragonite saturation states that are lower than modern marine settings, suggesting that physical processes are at least as important as chemical ones. Results from our wave models showed that coarse sediments near the field site experience quiescent periods of up to 6 months between suspension events, allowing isopachous cements to form. Using a simple mathematical framework, we show that the main difference between Great Salt Lake and modern, low‐energy marine settings is that the latter has enough bioturbating organisms to break up clasts. Observations from Great Salt Lake demonstrate how geologic trends in flat‐pebble abundance could largely reflect changes in total infaunal biomass and ecology without requiring regional‐to‐global changes in seawater chemistry.
Characterizing Auroral‐Zone Absorption Based on Global Kp and Regional Geomagnetic Hourly Range Indices
Authors: Fiori R. A. D. , Trichtchenko L. , Balch C. , Spanswick E. , Groleau S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreased ionization in the auroral oval leads to the absorption of high‐frequency radio waves in the auroral zone, or auroral absorption. Auroral absorption is typically characterized by global geomagnetic activity indices, such as the Kp index. In this paper the hourly range of the magnetic field (HR) is examined as an alternative to the 3‐hr Kp index for describing the dynamic and localized features of auroral absorption represented by the hourly range of absorption (HRA). Kp, magnetometer, and riometer data were examined for a 3‐year period for stations spread across typical auroral latitudes. A general linear relationship was shown to exist between Kp and LOG10(HRA) for Kp < 4; for Kp ≥ 4 the correlation was weaker. A stronger linear correlation was demonstrated between LOG10(HRA) and LOG10(HR) for HR > 50 nT, characterized by a correlation coefficient of R = 0.63. Increased variability in the relationship between HRA and Kp was attributed to the following factors: the variability of the magnetic field within the 3‐hr window characterized by the Kp index, which was better represented by a 1‐hr HR; the dependence of the Kp index on subauroral magnetic data, which is not subject to the geomagnetic variations typically experienced within the auroral region; and reduced statistics for Kp > 6.