bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma‐Enabled Ternary SnO2@Sn/Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Aerogel Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Yujie , Wang Qianqian , Liu Li , Yao Shuyue , Wu Wenjie , Wang Zhongyue , Lv Peng , Zheng Jiajin , Yu Kehan , Wei Wei , Ostrikov Kostya Ken 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSnO2‐based sodium‐ion batteries usually suffer from rapid capacity fading during the sodiation/desodiation caused by aggregation and cracking of Sn and irreversible formation of Na2O. In this respect, we design a ternary SnO2@Sn core‐shell structure decorated on a nitrogen‐doped graphene aerogel (SnO2@Sn/NGA), which is fabricated by using a microwave plasma‐based process. The converted Na2O can prevent agglomeration of Sn, thus stabilizing the structure during the cycles. Close contact between Na2O and Sn ensures Na+ ion diffusion to the Sn core and reversible conversion of Sn
SnO2. Moreover, the deoxygenation effect of the plasma on NGA improves its degree of graphitization and electrical conductivity, which substantially improves the electrode rate performance. As a result, the SnO2@Sn/NGA anode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 448.5 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1. Importantly, this unique nanohybrid electrode design can be extended to advanced anode materials for both lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries.
Spontaneous Chelation‐Driven Reduction of the Neptunyl Cation in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Carter Korey P. , Smith Kurt F. , Tratnjek Toni , Shield Katherine M. , Moreau Liane M. , Rees Julian A. , Booth Corwin H. , Abergel Rebecca J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOctadentate hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) and catecholamide (CAM) siderophore analogues are known to be efficacious chelators of the actinide cations, and these ligands are also capable of facilitating both activation and reduction of actinyl species. Utilizing X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopies, as well as cyclic voltammetry measurements, herein, we elucidate chelation‐based mechanisms for driving reactivity and initiating redox processes in a family of neptunyl–HOPO and CAM complexes. Based on the selected chelator, the ability to control the oxidation state of neptunium and the speed of reduction and concurrent oxo group activation was demonstrated. Most notably, reduction kinetics for the NpVO2+//NpIV redox couple upon chelation by the ligands 3,4,3‐LI(1,2‐HOPO) and 3,4,3‐LI(CAM)2(1,2‐HOPO)2 was observed to be faster than ever reported, and in fact quicker than we could measure using either X‐ray absorption spectroscopy or electrochemical techniques.
Assessing the efficacy‐effectiveness gap for cancer therapies: A comparison of overall survival and toxicity between clinical trial and population‐based, real‐world data for contemporary parenteral cancer therapeutics
Authors: Phillips Cameron M. , Parmar Ambica , Guo Helen , Schwartz Deborah , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Beca Jaclyn , Dai Wei , Arias Jessica , Gavura Scott , Chan Kelvin K. W. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundAlthough increasing evidence has suggested that an efficacy‐effectiveness gap exists between clinical trial (CT) and real‐world evidence (RWE), to the authors' knowledge, the magnitude of this difference remains undercharacterized. The objective of the current study was to quantify the magnitude of survival and toxicity differences between CT and RWE for contemporary cancer systemic therapies.MethodsPatients receiving cancer therapies funded under Cancer Care Ontario's New Drug Funding Program (NDFP) were identified. Landmark CTs with data regarding survival and adverse events (AEs) for each drug indication were identified. RWE for survival and hospitalization rates during treatment were ascertained through Canadian population‐based databases. The efficacy‐effectiveness gap for each drug indication was calculated as the difference between RWE and CT data for median overall survival (OS), 1‐year OS, and generated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs from Kaplan‐Meier OS curves. Toxicity differences were calculated as the difference between RWE of hospitalization rates and CT serious AE rates.ResultsTwenty‐nine indications from 20 systemic therapies were included. Twenty‐eight of 29 indications (97%) demonstrated worse survival in RWE, with a median OS difference of 5.2 months (interquartile range, 3.0‐12.1 months). Lower effectiveness in RWE also was demonstrated through a meta‐analysis of an OS hazard ratio of 1.58 (95% CI, 1.39‐1.80). The median difference between RWE for hospitalization rates and CT serious AEs was 14% (95% CI, 9%‐22%).ConclusionsAn efficacy‐effectiveness gap exists for contemporary cancer systemic therapies, with a 5.2‐month lower median OS observed in RWE compared with CT data. These data supports the use of RWE to better inform real‐world decision making regarding the use of cancer systemic therapies.
A voxel image‐based pulmonary airflow simulation method with an automatic detection algorithm for airway outlets
Authors: Jiang Fei , Hirano Tsunahiko , Ohgi Junji , Chen Xian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvestigations of pulmonary airflows in respiratory systems are important for the diagnostics and treatment of pulmonary diseases. For accurate prediction of the flow field in an airway, a numerical simulation must be conducted using the true geometry from computed tomography (CT) data. Flow simulation is still a difficult task because of the mesh generation process and preprocessing setup procedures. In this study, we developed a voxel image‐based simulation method using an automatic detection algorithm for airway outlets to simplify the simulation process and improve its applicability in the medical field. Our approach is based on the lattice Boltzmann method with a topology analysis algorithm, which can preserve all raw information from the original CT images and give an accurate flow field inside the airways. Our method can reproduce the essential flow features inside airways, is highly efficient, and decreases the overall processing time. Thus, it has a great potential for future real‐time airflow analyses to provide airflow information to medical experts.Highlights

This paper proposed a voxel image‐based simulation method with a novel automatic outlet‐selecting algorithm to calculate the velocity and pressure of physiological flows in multi‐generation–branched airways.
Our approach simplifies the simulation process by automatically applying the boundary conditions to large numbers of outlets and minimizes the time‐consuming mesh generation process.
Our proposed method has considerable potential for real‐time simulations improving the applicability to patient‐specific medical diagnostics and treatments.
Finding new lanes: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cells for myeloid leukemia
Authors: Pratap Suraj , Zhao Zhizhuang J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid leukemia represents a heterogeneous group of cancers of blood and bone marrow which arise from clonal expansion of hematopoietic myeloid lineage cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has traditionally been treated with multi‐agent chemotherapy, but conventional therapies have not improved the long‐term survival for decades. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is an indolent disease which requires lifelong treatment, is associated with significant side effects, and carries a risk of progression to potentially lethal blast crises.Recent FindingsRecent advances in molecular biology, virology, and immunology have enabled researchers to grow and modify T lymphocytes ex‐vivo. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy has been shown to specifically target cells of lymphoid lineage and induce remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. While the success of CAR T‐cells against ALL is considered a defining moment in modern oncology, similar efficacy against myeloid leukemia cells remains elusive. Over the past 10 years, numerous CAR T‐cells have been developed that can target novel myeloid antigens, and many clinical trials are finally starting to yield encouraging results. In this review, we present the recent advances in this field and discuss strategies for future development of myeloid targeting CAR T‐cell therapy.ConclusionsThe field of CAR T‐cell therapy has rapidly evolved over the past few years. It represents a radically new approach towards cancers, and with continued refinement it may become a viable therapeutic option for patients of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia.
Revisiting van der Waals Radii: From Comprehensive Structural Analysis to Knowledge‐Based Classification of Interatomic Contacts
Authors: Chernyshov Ivan Yu. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Pidko Evgeny A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWeak noncovalent interactions are responsible for structure and properties of almost all supramolecular systems, such as nucleic acids, enzymes, and pharmaceutical crystals. However, the analysis of their significance and structural role is not straightforward and commonly requires model studies. Herein, we describe an efficient and universal approach for the analysis of noncovalent interactions and determination of van der Waals radii using the line‐of‐sight (LoS) concept. The LoS allows to unambiguously identify and classify the “direct” interatomic contacts in complex molecular systems. This approach not only provides an improved theoretical base to molecular “sizes” but also enables the quantitative analysis of specificity, anisotropy, and steric effects of intermolecular interactions.
Efficient Generation of Large‐Fragment Knock‐In Mouse Models Using 2‐Cell (2C)‐Homologous Recombination (HR)‐CRISPR
Authors: Gu Bin , Posfai Eszter , Gertsenstein Marina , Rossant Janet 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGenerating large‐fragment knock‐ins, such as reporters, conditional alleles, or humanized alleles, directly in mouse embryos is still a challenging feat. We have developed 2C‐HR‐CRISPR, a technology that allows highly efficient (10‐50%) and rapid (generating founders in 2 months) targeting of large DNA fragments. Key to this strategy is the delivery of CRISPR reagents into 2‐cell‐stage mouse embryos, taking advantage of the high homologous recombination activity during the long G2 cell cycle phase at this stage. Furthermore, by exploiting a Cas9–monomeric streptavidin (Cas‐mSA) and biotinylated PCR template (BioPCR) system to localize the repair template to specific double strand breaks, the efficiency can be further improved to up to 95%. Here we provide a procedure to generate large‐fragment knock‐in mouse models using 2C‐HR‐CRISPR. We first describe the principles for designing single guide RNAs and repair templates but refer to published manuscripts and protocols for molecular cloning methods or commercial sources for these reagents. We then describe two unique aspects of 2C‐HR‐CRISPR that are critical for success: (1) production of the CRISPR reagents for 2C‐HR‐CRISPR, particularly for applying the Cas9‐mSA/BioPCR method, and (2) microinjection of mouse embryos at the 2‐cell stage. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Single guide RNA and repair template designBasic Protocol 2: Preparing reagents for 2C‐HR‐CRISPRBasic Protocol 3: Microinjecting 2‐cell‐stage mouse embryos
Enhancing the storage of mobile nodes through ad hoc storage as a service in MANETs
Authors: Muralidhar K. , Madhavi K. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe data generation rate has grown explosively with the widespread use of mobile devices in several critical domains, including health care, education, and disaster recovery. This rapid increase in data volume is hindered by data storage restrictions on mobile devices. State‐of‐the‐art mobile computing platforms such as mobile cloud computing work towards providing indefinite storage space and augment mobile data storage by utilizing infinite cloud storage resources. Time Machine, iCloud, Dropbox, and other cloud‐oriented services facilitate the offloading of content. These services require uninterrupted internet connectivity. Low connectivity may induce system failure. Furthermore, network connectivity cannot always be ensured in rural areas and natural disaster–prone areas. In such cases, it would be more efficient for the originator to store a backup of the data in nearby mobile devices. Hence, users look for a storage/backup system in the vicinity. In this paper, we propose an efficient technique to obtain a temporary storage/backup service in areas with low network connectivity by using an ad hoc storage‐as‐a‐service method for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), with the help of nodes that provide temporary storage services to clients. Two types of nodes, namely, storage service providers (SSPs) and storage service requesters (SSRs), form the core of the proposed system. A set of SSRs accesses temporary storage from SSPs. Mobile clients can obtain a reliable storage service from this system. We use simulated experimental modules to analyze our model. We can also use this approach in a network‐disconnected area to demonstrate the practicality of providing a temporary storage service.
Implementation of differential evolution algorithm and its variants for optimal scheduling of distributed generations
Authors: Shilaja C. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryModern power systems are being shifted its attention towards distributed generations (DGs). DGs have allured more concern as an auspicious opportunity with considerable economic profits. To minimize the power generation costs of DGs, day‐to‐day operation scheduling is essential. The role of this study is to offer an optimal operation schedule for DG with several energy sources including renewable energy sources (RES), considering economic facets. In order to achieve the cost minimization along with optimal scheduling, an objection function has been formulated and solved using the optimization algorithms. This study aims to present the applications of differential evolution (DE) algorithm and its variants such as opposition‐based differential evolution (ODE), self‐adaptive differential evolution (SaDE), improved differential evolution (IDE), and cultivated differential evolution (CuDE) for scheduling DG optimally. A scheme for optimal scheduling of thermal, wind power, and solar PV generators has been evaluated. The simulations have been carried out on IEEE 14 bus system, IEEE 30 bus system, IEEE 57 bus system, and Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Limited (TANGEDCO), as a real part of 62 bus Indian utility system (IUS). The novelty of this study lies in simulating a real‐time system for solving optimal scheduling problem, in that way helping decision makers to choose the optimal operation points. The results indicate that the SaDE outperformed other DE variants by giving the best fitness value and convergence rate.
Hollow oaks and beetle functional diversity: Significance of surroundings extends beyond taxonomy
Authors: Wetherbee Ross , Birkemoe Tone , Skarpaas Olav , Sverdrup‐Thygeson Anne 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVeteran hollow oaks (Quercusspp.) are keystone structures hosting high insect diversity but are declining in numbers due to intensification of land use and the abandonment of traditional management. The loss of this vital habitat is resulting in a reduction of biodiversity, and this likely has consequences for ecosystem functioning, especially if functional diversity is reduced. A considerable amount of research has been done on predictors of beetle taxonomic diversity in veteran oaks, but predictors of functional diversity have remained largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to establish whether the features and surroundings of veteran oaks are related to functional diversity within three functional groups of beetles (decomposers, predators, and flower visitors) and determine whether species richness and functional diversity within the groups are dependent on the same predictors. Sampling was carried out intermittently between 2004 and 2011 on 61 veteran oaks in Southern Norway. Of the 876 beetle species that were collected, 359 were determined to be decomposers, 284 were predators, and 85 were flower visitors. Species richness and functional diversity in all groups were consistently higher in traps mounted on veteran oaks in forests than in open landscapes. However, additional predictors differed between groups, and for species richness and functional diversity. Decomposer species richness responded to tree vitality, while functional diversity responded to habitat connectivity, predator species richness responded to regrowth of shrubs while functional diversity responded to tree circumference, and flower visitor richness and functional diversity did not respond to any additional predictors. Previous studies have found that the features and surroundings of veteran oaks are important for conservation of taxonomic diversity, and the results from this study indicate that they are also important for functional diversity within multiple functional groups.
A mesocosm comparison of laboratory‐based and on‐site eDNA solutions for detection and quantification of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in marine ecosystems
Authors: Skinner Marc , Murdoch Mary , Loeza‐Quintana Tzitziki , Crookes Steve , Hanner Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnvironmental effects monitoring in marine ecosystems are challenging, particularly in dynamic macrotidal settings like the Bay of Fundy. Environmental DNA provides a useful tool for determining species presence in such challenging places to access and sample. Moreover, recent studies showing a link between eDNA concentration and fish density/biomass reveal the great promise for eDNA tools to improve biodiversity assessments in marine environments. Three mesocosm experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy and precision of a handheld point‐of‐need (PoN) tool for quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for eDNA detection of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) versus conventional laboratory‐based eDNA techniques. The first of these experiments determined that striped bass eDNA was reliably detected using either of the laboratory‐based or PoN platforms, with some variation observed in the estimates of eDNA concentrations derived from each. Next, a time series experiment established that eDNA in water samples collected within a 24‐hrs period of exposure to striped bass was reliably and consistently detectable with either platform. Our final experiment found that the relationship between eDNA concentrations and manipulated striped bass stocking densities was significant and positive based on results from each of the laboratory‐based or PoN platforms. Our results validate and advance eDNA approaches toward environmental monitoring efforts and demonstrate the potential for real‐time eDNA tools to quantify and identify the spatial and temporal distribution of species‐at‐risk in an open ocean environment.
Thermo‐economic feasibility of a hybrid wind turbine/PV/gas generator energy system for application in a residential complex in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mohammad Amin , Ghourichaei Masoud Jedari , Mohammadkhani Farzad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe randomness of generated power by renewable energy resources has led experts in this field to provide sustained and permanent load supply with hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). This study investigates the modeling of an off‐grid HRES based on the wind turbine/photovoltaic/gas generator for supplying the consumption of a residential complex in Tehran (capital of Iran). To this end, the HOMER software has been implemented. After calculations, the capital cost and cost of energy of each component are estimated in different HRES models. In addition, parameters such as power generation, emissions, and thermo‐economic analysis of different models of the hybrid system have been investigated. Two models of optimum HRES (based on the lowest net present cost [NPC]), with and without wind turbines, were compared. According to the results, the fuel consumption and emissions caused by the operation of the gas generator will decrease by 53% as a result of using a wind turbine despite an 8% increase in NPC. This is an important achievement regarding high air pollution in Tehran. Based on the results, using a gas generator instead of a diesel generator leads to an 18% decrease in NPC. Additionally, in comparison to using a gas generator only, using the hybrid system leads to a 43% reduction in NPC.
Scaling of constant‐ductility residual displacement spectrum
Authors: Madhu Girija Harikrishnan , Gupta Vinay Kumar 
Published: January 2020

SummaryStructures undergoing inelastic displacements during earthquake ground motions are known to sustain some amount of residual displacements, which may make those unusable or unsafe. In this study an attempt is made to estimate residual displacements for elastic‐perfectly‐plastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillators with a given ductility ratio. Such oscillators belong to the class of bilinear hysteresis models applicable to steel structures, with post‐yield‐stiffness ratio taken as zero, and may be used for the conservative estimates of residual displacements when the post‐yield‐stiffness ratio is unlikely to become negative. Statistical estimation of residual displacement spectrum via normalization with respect to inelastic or elastic spectral displacements is considered and expressions are proposed for both types of normalizations. The statistical dependence of residual displacement on the seismological and site parameters and strong motion duration is also studied and a simple scaling model is proposed in terms of earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, and geologic site condition parameter for the seismic region of western U.S.A. According to this model, the variation of residual displacement with period primarily depends on the site conditions, and the residual displacements are more sensitive to ductility ratio at low ductility ratios.
Analysis in big data of satellite communication network based on machine learning algorithms
Authors: Liu Xiangjuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the development of satellite communication network technology, the amount of data generated every day and the rate of data growth are amazing. These different types of data (not necessarily structured) contain rich information. Based on this, a satellite for machine learning is proposed. First, a correlation analysis model is established, and a machine learning method is applied to the data prediction analysis of the satellite communication network. The basic idea and application process of the AdaBoost‐BP algorithm are introduced in detail. Second, combined with the data features after dimensionality reduction processing, an efficient big data analysis model is trained. Third, in order to quickly locate the abnormal behavior of users under large‐scale data, an algorithm for quantifying abnormal behaviors of users based on satellite communication network log information and quickly detecting and analyzing big data is proposed. Finally, experimental verification is performed. The experimental results verify that the method can improve the big data analysis capability of satellite communication networks.