bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does exposure to parasites modify relationships between diurnal cortisol and leukocytes among Honduran women?
Authors: Garcia Angela R. , Trumble Ben , Kraft Thomas S. , Murillo Sergio , Marquez Mariela , Gurven Michael , Blackwell Aaron D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAltered hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) function and related changes in circulating glucocorticoids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases that involve dysregulated immune function. Glucocorticoid hormones have both direct and indirect modulatory effects on both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory aspects of the immune system, including granulocytic and lymphocytic leukocyte subsets. However, past findings are complicated by inconsistencies across studies in how glucocorticoids and immune markers interact and relate to disease risk. Some incongruencies are likely due to an overreliance on single‐unit (e.g., HPA or one immune marker) measures, and a failure to consider ecological exposures that may shape the base levels or correspondence between these systems. Here, we test single‐unit and diurnal measures of HPA axis and immune system interactions in a less‐industrial ecological setting with relatively high parasite loads.MethodsIn a sample of 114 Honduran women (mean age = 36 years), morning and evening blood samples were analyzed to quantify granulocytes, lymphocytes, and immunoglobulin‐E (IgE). Saliva was collected over 2 days (8 samples per woman) to measure peak cortisol, cumulative cortisol, and slope of decline. These repeated measures of saliva and venous blood were used to investigate associations between single‐point and diurnal salivary cortisol and leukocytes, under variable levels of past parasite exposure (proxied by IgE).ResultsIndividuals with less of a decline in cortisol (i.e., “flatter” decline) show less of an increase in lymphocytes (2.27% increase in cells/μL/hr; 95% CI: 0.91–7.29; p = .01) across the day compared to those with steeper cortisol decline (7.5% increase in lymphocytes; 95% CI: 5.79–9.34; p < .001). IgE levels did not modify this association. Interestingly, IgE did moderate relationships between measures of cortisol and granulocytes: diurnal cortisol was positively associated with granulocytes, only in individuals with high previous exposure to parasites. There were no consistent relationships between single‐unit measures of cortisol, lymphocytes or granulocytes, regardless of past parasite exposure.DiscussionResults demonstrate that the relationship between HPA function and immune modulation cannot be fully understood without an understanding of local disease ecology. These results highlight the importance of research that seeks to identify etiologies of disease across environmental contexts.
Gendered division of labor in a Celtic community? A comparison of sex differences in entheseal changes and long bone shape and robusticity in thepre‐Romanpopulation of Verona (Italy, third–first centuryBC)
Authors: Laffranchi Zita , Charisi Drosia , Jiménez‐Brobeil Sylvia A. , Milella Marco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe presence of a gendered subdivision of labor has been bioarchaeologically investigated in various prehistoric and historical contexts. Little is known, however, about the type of differences in daily activities characterizing men and women among the Celtic communities of Italy. The focus of the present study is the analysis of differences in patterns of entheseal changes (ECs) and long bone shape and robusticity between sexes among the Cenomani Gauls of Seminario Vescovile (SV—Verona, Italy, third–first century BC).Materials and MethodsThe sample includes 56 adult individuals (22 females and 34 males). Presence of ECs on nine bilateral postcranial attachment sites, and values of humeral and femoral shape and robusticity indices based on external measurements were compared between sexes by means of generalized linear models and Mann–Whitney tests.ResultsResults show a lack of difference between sexes in long bone shape and robusticity, and a higher incidence of upper and, especially, lower limb ECs in males.DiscussionThese results suggest the presence of sex‐specific activities at SV mostly related to farming and differently influencing the considered variables. Also, this study suggests the relevance of a series of nonbiomechanical factors (developmental, hormonal, genetic, and methodological) when attempting biocultural reconstructions from osteoarchaeological samples.
Associations of body composition with incident dementia in older adults: Cardiovascular Health Study‐Cognition Study
Authors: Cui Chendi , Mackey Rachel H. , Shaaban C. Elizabeth , Kuller Lewis H. , Lopez Oscar L. , Sekikawa Akira 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionA body of literature reported associations between late‐life general adiposity measures (eg, body mass index) and dementia. Little is known about the association of late‐life body composition with dementia risk.MethodsWe determined this association among cognitively normal participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study‐ Cognition Study. Body composition was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry in 1994‐1995. Dementia was ascertained at annual follow‐up from 1998‐1999 to 2013. Associations of body composition with incident dementia were assessed by the Fine‐Gray model.ResultAmong 344 participants (mean age 78, 62.2% women), body composition was significantly different between men and women, despite similar body mass indexes (BMIs). Increased dementia risk was significantly associated with lower lean mass in men and marginally with low appendicular lean mass in women.DiscussionDecreased lean mass was an indicator of increased dementia risk in older adults. Studies should test whether preventing lean mass loss in older adults reduces dementia risk.
Loss‐of‐Function Variants in HOPS Complex Genes VPS16 and VPS41 Cause Early Onset Dystonia Associated with Lysosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Steel Dora , Zech Michael , Zhao Chen , Barwick Katy E. S. , Burke Derek , Demailly Diane , Kumar Kishore R. , Zorzi Giovanna , Nardocci Nardo , Kaiyrzhanov Rauan , Wagner Matias , Iuso Arcangela , Berutti Riccardo , Škorvánek Matej , Necpál Ján , Davis Ryan , Wiethoff Sarah , Mankad Kshitij , Sudhakar Sniya , Ferrini Arianna , Sharma Suvasini , Kamsteeg Erik‐Jan , Tijssen Marina A. , Verschuuren Corien , van Egmond Martje E. , Flowers Joanna M. , McEntagart Meriel , Tucci Arianna , Coubes Philippe , Bustos Bernabe I. , Gonzalez‐Latapi Paulina , Tisch Stephen , Darveniza Paul , Gorman Kathleen M. , Peall Kathryn J. , Bötzel Kai , Koch Jan C. , Kmieć Tomasz , Plecko Barbara , Boesch Sylvia , Haslinger Bernhard , Jech Robert , Garavaglia Barbara , Wood Nick , Houlden Henry , Gissen Paul , Lubbe Steven J. , Sue Carolyn M. , Cif Laura , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Anderson Glenn , Kurian Manju A. , Winkelmann Juliane ,   Genomics England Research Consortium
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThe majority of people with suspected genetic dystonia remain undiagnosed after maximal investigation, implying that a number of causative genes have not yet been recognized. We aimed to investigate this paucity of diagnoses.MethodsWe undertook weighted burden analysis of whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data from 138 individuals with unresolved generalized dystonia of suspected genetic etiology, followed by additional case‐finding from international databases, first for the gene implicated by the burden analysis (VPS16), and then for other functionally related genes. Electron microscopy was performed on patient‐derived cells.ResultsAnalysis revealed a significant burden for VPS16 (Fisher's exact test p value, 6.9 × 109). VPS16 encodes a subunit of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex, which plays a key role in autophagosome‐lysosome fusion. A total of 18 individuals harboring heterozygous loss‐of‐function VPS16 variants, and one with a microdeletion, were identified. These individuals experienced early onset progressive dystonia with predominant cervical, bulbar, orofacial, and upper limb involvement. Some patients had a more complex phenotype with additional neuropsychiatric and/or developmental comorbidities. We also identified biallelic loss‐of‐function variants in VPS41, another HOPS‐complex encoding gene, in an individual with infantile‐onset generalized dystonia. Electron microscopy of patient‐derived lymphocytes and fibroblasts from both patients with VPS16 and VPS41 showed vacuolar abnormalities suggestive of impaired lysosomal function.InterpretationOur study strongly supports a role for HOPS complex dysfunction in the pathogenesis of dystonia, although variants in different subunits display different phenotypic and inheritance characteristics. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:867–877
An Infrared Metamaterial Broadband Absorber Based on a Simple Titanium Disk with High Absorption and a Tunable Spectral Absorption Band
Authors: Tang Yinhui , Meng Dejia , Liang Zhongzhu , Qin Zheng , Shi Xiaoyan , Zhang Yuhao , Xiong Ying , Fan Yandong , Yang Fuming , Zhang Lichao , Lv Jingguang , Qin Yuxin , Chen Changhong , Lai Jianjun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA metamaterial absorber is proposed that functions in the medium‐ (3–5 µm) and long‐wavelength (8–12 µm) infrared (medium‐wavelength infrared, MWIR, and long‐wavelength infrared, LWIR, respectively) regions. The proposed design, which consists of periodic cells, can be tuned to achieve single‐band or dual‐band light absorption by changing the periodicity of the structure. Each cell forming the metamaterial absorber consists of a bottom metal plate (Al), a top metal disk (Ti), and an intermediate dielectric medium (Si or ZnS) in which a metal disk (Ti) is embedded. For a period of 0.85 µm, the absorber achieves broadband absorption in the LWIR region, with an average absorption of 92.1%. Further, the absorber shows acceptable tolerance to irradiation at oblique incidence. For a period of 2 µm, a peak absorption of 99.05% is achieved in the MWIR region, thereby providing dual‐band absorption. Tuning the periodicity of the structure enhances the localized surface plasmon resonance, with the absorption mechanism explained by establishing an equivalent parallel LC circuit. The absorption properties demonstrated by the proposed metamaterial absorber are promising for thermal imaging and infrared spectroscopy.
Nurses’ Perceptions of the Extent and Type of Missed Perioperative Nursing Care
Authors: Marsh Valerie , Kalisch Beatrice , McLaughlin Margaret , Nguyen Lan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTMissed nursing care is a concern on inpatient hospital units but has not been adequately explored in the perioperative setting. This cross‐sectional study used results from a survey of 1,693 AORN members to investigate the amount and type of missed perioperative nursing care and evaluate associations between reported missed care and facility and nurse characteristics. The survey asked OR nurses how frequently specific care items were missed by themselves or others. Overall, nurses’ perceptions of the frequency of missed care was 0.84 on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = never, 4 = always). The survey items were categorized into five subscales: legal requirement, preparation, safety, communication, and closing routine. Nurses reported most missed care in the communication and preparation categories. The number of ORs at a facility, nurse education and job title, and perceptions of staffing adequacy were significantly associated with the perceived amount of missed perioperative nursing care.
Clinical Issues—September 2020
Authors: Jones Emily , Wood Amber 
Published: August 2020

THIS MONTH
Surgical counts during a partial cystectomy
Key words: partial cystectomy, retained surgical item (RSI), counts, bladder, guidewire.
Preparing the OR for patients who require both airborne and contact precautions
Key words: airborne precautions, contact precautions, contamination, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19), negative pressure.
Preoperative transport of patients who require both airborne and contact precautions
Key words: preoperative patient transport, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), N95 respirator, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Postoperative transport of patients who require both airborne and contact precautions
Key words: postoperative patient transport, hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), N95 respirator, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Feasibility study of water as thinner for polyvinyl chloride plastisol
Authors: Yang Yunxu , Shi Kunxiang , Zhou Mingzhu , Shen Yucai , Wang Tingwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the traditional formula of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves, the diluent of PVC plastisol is usually organic solvent, which causes serious environmental pollution during the molding process. The aim of this study was to develop a low viscosity PVC plastisol emulsion (PDE) using water as a thinner by blending PVC emulsion (PVCE) with diisononyl phthalate (DINP) emulsion. DINP emulsion (DINPE) was prepared by a compound emulsifier of polyoxyethylene octyl phenol ether‐10 and sorbitan monooleate. The effects of compound emulsifier concentration on the stability and microstructure of DINPE were investigated. The results showed that the optimal compound emulsifier concentration of DINPE was 10 wt%. In addition, the PDE obtained by blending exhibited a relatively uniform unimodal droplet size distribution. The steady state data revealed that the emulsions were shear‐thinning pseudoplastic liquid. The effect of solid content and temperature on the apparent viscosity of PDE were also evaluated. The mechanical spectra obtained suggested the presence of weak gel structure in the PDE. The mechanical test results showed that the tensile strength and elongation at break of PVC film obtained by PDE were 12.62 MPa and 310.31%, respectively. This study demonstrated that water was effective in reducing the viscosity of PVC plastisol, which would promote the application of water thinner in glove production.
Spray‐coatedPDMS/PVDFcomposite membrane for enhanced butanol recovery by pervaporation
Authors: Cheng Chi , Yang Decai , Bao Meiting , Xue Chuang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, spray‐coating was used to prepare dihydroxypolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite membranes with high flux and separation factor for biobutanol recovery from aqueous solution. A thin, smooth, and defect‐free PDMS layer was prepared by spray‐coating on polyvinylidene difluoride ultrafiltration membrane with little PDMS penetration. The effects of process parameters for membrane fabrication and pervaporation on membrane performance were investigated. A membrane with 2 μm active layer was obtained with a high flux of 1306.9 g/m2h. The optimal membrane with the highest pervaporation separation index (PSI) (19.15 kg/m2h) showed a total flux of 530.6 g/m2h and a separation factor of 36.1 at 37°C, and a PSI of 65.61 kg/m2h and a flux of 1927.0 g/m2h at 70°C. Membrane performance was affected by feed composition and temperature. Acetone‐butanol‐ethanol solution and fermentation broth gave lower butanol fluxes and separation factors compared to butanol model solution.
Experimental study of PLA thermal behavior during fused filament fabrication
Authors: Vanaei Hamid Reza , Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Costa Sidonie Fernandes , Duarte Fernando Moura , Covas José António , Deligant Michael , Khelladi Sofiane , Tcharkhtchi Abbas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) is an additive manufacturing technique that is used to produce prototypes and a gradually more important processing route to obtain final products. Due to the layer‐by‐layer deposition mechanism involved, bonding between adjacent layers is controlled by the thermal energy of the material being printed, which strongly depends on the temperature development of the filaments during the deposition sequence. This study reports experimental measurements of filament temperature during deposition. These temperature profiles were compared to the predictions made by a previously developed model. The two sets of data showed good agreement, particularly concerning the occurrence of reheating peaks when new filaments are deposited onto previously deposited ones. The developed experimental technique is shown to demonstrate its sensitivity to changing operating conditions, namely platform temperature and deposition velocity. The data generated can be valuable to predict more accurately the bond quality achieved in FFF parts.
Do better search engines really equate to better clinical decisions? If not, why not?
Authors: van der Vegt Anton , Zuccon Guido , Koopman Bevan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious research has found that improved search engine effectiveness—evaluated using a batch‐style approach—does not always translate to significant improvements in user task performance; however, these prior studies focused on simple recall and precision‐based search tasks. We investigated the same relationship, but for realistic, complex search tasks required in clinical decision making. One hundred and nine clinicians and final year medical students answered 16 clinical questions. Although the search engine did improve answer accuracy by 20 percentage points, there was no significant difference when participants used a more effective, state‐of‐the‐art search engine. We also found that the search engine effectiveness difference, identified in the lab, was diminished by around 70% when the search engines were used with real users. Despite the aid of the search engine, half of the clinical questions were answered incorrectly. We further identified the relative contribution of search engine effectiveness to the overall end task success. We found that the ability to interpret documents correctly was a much more important factor impacting task success. If these findings are representative, information retrieval research may need to reorient its emphasis towards helping users to better understand information, rather than just finding it for them.
Medieval Spanish (12th–15th centuries) named entity recognition and attribute annotation system based on contextual information
Authors: Díez Platas Mª Luisa , Ros Muñoz Salvador , González‐Blanco Elena , Ruiz Fabo Pablo , Álvarez Mellado Elena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe recognition of named entities in Spanish medieval texts presents great complexity, involving specific challenges: First, the complex morphosyntactic characteristics in proper‐noun use in medieval texts. Second, the lack of strict orthographic standards. Finally, diachronic and geographical variations in Spanish from the 12th to 15th century. In this period, named entities usually appear as complex text structure. For example, it was frequent to add nicknames and information about the persons role in society and geographic origin. To tackle this complexity, named entity recognition and classification system has been implemented. The system uses contextual cues based on semantics to detect entities and assign a type. Given the occurrence of entities with attached attributes, entity contexts are also parsed to determine entity‐type‐specific dependencies for these attributes. Moreover, it uses a variant generator to handle the diachronic evolution of Spanish medieval terms from a phonetic and morphosyntactic viewpoint. The tool iteratively enriches its proper lexica, dictionaries, and gazetteers. The system was evaluated on a corpus of over 3,000 manually annotated entities of different types and periods, obtaining F1 scores between 0.74 and 0.87. Attribute annotation was evaluated for a person and role name attributes with an overall F1 of 0.75.
Framing a discussion on paradigm shift(s) in the field of information
Authors: Tang Rong , Mehra Bharat , Du Jia Tina , Zhao Yuxiang (Chris) 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this opinion paper, we frame a discussion on paradigm shift(s) in the field of information. We believe that in this astonishing historical moment of new directions and new opportunities both the existing paradigms and conceptual models in the field of information can benefit from re‐examination to stay current with the times. We propose a framework articulating key narratives associated with the why, what, how, and who dimensions to discuss paradigm shift(s). The purpose of this opinion paper is to initiate dialogues on ground‐breaking ideas and innovative solutions as well as support research that addresses contemporary challenges in the field of information.
Autism Adversely Affects Auditory Joint Engagement During Parent–toddler Interactions
Authors: Adamson Lauren B. , Bakeman Roger , Suma Katharine , Robins Diana L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study documents the early adverse effects of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on auditory joint engagement—the sharing of sounds during interactions. A total of 141 toddlers (49 typically developing [TD], 46 with ASD, and 46 with non‐ASD developmental disorders [DD]; average age 22.6 months) were observed during a semi‐naturalistic play session with a parent. Reactions to four types of sounds—speech about the child, instrumental music, animal calls, and mechanical noises—were observed before and as parents tried to scaffold joint engagement with the sound. Toddlers with ASD usually appeared aware of a new sound, often alerting to and orienting toward it. But compared to TD toddlers and toddlers with DD, they alerted and oriented less often to speech, a difference not found with the other sounds. Furthermore, toddlers with ASD were far less likely to spontaneously try to share the sound with the parents and to engage with the parent and the sound when parents tried to share it with them. These findings reveal how ASD can have significant effects on shared experiences with nonvisible targets in the environment that attract toddlers' attention. Future studies should address the association between auditory joint engagement difficulties and variations in multimodal joint engagement, sensory profiles, and ASD severity and the reciprocal influence over time of auditory joint engagement experience and language development.Lay SummaryLike most toddlers, toddlers with autism spectrum disorder often alert when they hear sounds like a cat's meow or a train's rumble. But they are less likely to alert when they hear their own name, and they are far less likely to share new sounds with their parents. These findings raise important questions about how toddlers with autism spectrum disorder experience their everyday auditory world, including how they share it with parents who can enrich this experience.
Surgical robotic systems: What we have now? A urological perspective
Authors: Almujalhem Ahmad , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe coming decade will see the emergence of many surgical robotic systems that need to prove their cost‐effectiveness and clinical usability to gain the trust of robotic surgeons worldwide. Herein, we provide a concise review of the currently available robotic systems. Since the da Vinci Surgical System's patent expired and its market monopoly ended, many robotic surgical systems have, and will continue to, enter the market. Central to this is the challenge of gaining the trust of robotic surgeons in a cost‐effective manner. However, the cumulative robotic surgical experience of Intuitive Surgical over these years—which has proven itself clinically and technically—is a great challenge for new surgical robots.MethodsThis was a non‐systematic review of the literature, conducted through the PubMed search engine, using the following words: “Da Vinci,” “robotic surgical system,” and “new robotic surgical device.” Further information was obtained from the robotic system companies’ official websites and press releases.ConclusionsThe open robotic market carries great challenges for new robotic surgical systems, especially when following well‐established da Vinci Surgical System. Surgeons’ trust, clinical publications, technical support, and market distribution all represent separate challenges that require address.