bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signatures of complex optical response in Casimir interactions of type I and II Weyl semimetals
Authors: Rodriguez-Lopez Pablo , Popescu Adrian , Fialkovsky Ignat , Khusnutdinov Nail , Woods Lilia M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Casimir interaction, induced by electromagnetic fluctuations between objects, is strongly dependent upon the electronic and optical properties of the materials making up the objects. Here we investigate this ubiquitous interaction between semi-infinite spaces of topologically nontrivial Weyl semimetals. A comprehensive examination of all components of the bulk conductivity tensor and the surface conductivity due to the Fermi arc states in real and imaginary frequency domains is presented using the Kubo formalism for materials with different degree of tilting of their linear energy cones. The Casimir energy is calculated using a generalized Lifshitz approach, for which electromagnetic boundary conditions for anisotropic materials were derived and used. We find that the interaction between Weyl semimetals is metallic-like and its magnitude and characteristic distance dependence can be modified by the degree of tilting and chemical potential. The nontrivial topology plays a secondary role in the interaction and thermal fluctuations are expected to have similar effects as in metallic systems.
3-Länder-Manifest: Zeitenwende in der Medizin – Patientenversorgung auf dem gefährlichen Weg in die Ökonomisierung und Industrialisierung
Authors: Mann Klaus , Kapitza Thomas , Likar Rudolf , Egger Bernhard 
Published: March 2020

Das 3-Länder-Manifest „Zeitenwende in der Medizin“ ergänzt die bestehenden Eide, Gelöbnisse und Selbstverpflichtungen der Ärzteschaft. Es soll die inhaltliche Lücke zwischen medizinethischen Grundsätzen und den moralischen Herausforderungen des durch Ökonomisierung, Kommerzialisierung und Industrialisierung geprägten ärztlichen Berufsalltags im Gesundheitswesen füllen. Konkrete Vorschläge sollen helfen, bestehende Hindernisse zu überwinden. Der Vorrang der Medizin gegenüber Ökonomie und Technologie ist auf allen Ebenen beruflichen Handelns durch die Ärzteschaft sicherzustellen.Das 3-Länder-Manifest soll den hierfür notwendigen Diskurs innerhalb der Ärzteschaft und in der Gesellschaft anregen und thematisch unterstützen.In diesem Zusammenhang werden die folgenden Forderungen im 3-Länder-Manifest erhoben:Die Verfasser dieses Manifests fordern dazu auf, die ethischen Werte medizinischen Wirkens zu sichern, und rufen alle Beteiligten im Gesundheitswesen auf danach zu handeln, um somit eine Zeitenwende herbeizuführen.
Disease-Management-Programs in the Field of Diabetes Mellitus with
Identification of the Best Practice in Europe: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kostial Carolin , Manuwald Ulf , Schulze Jan , Kugler Joachim , Rothe Ulrike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this scoping review was to create an up-to-date descriptive
overview of published Disease-Management-Program evaluations conducted
within Europe. We also assessed the methodological quality of the evaluation
and the comparability of the included studies. The Databases Pub Med via
Medline and Embase via Ovid were searched for thematically fitting
publications. Out of 649 initial titles and abstracts, 45 full-texts were
screened for inclusions. Finally, 21 publications met all inclusion
criteria. DMPs from Germany, Austria, Italy, the Netherlands and Great
Britain were included. The results are tabulated in the results section and
discussed descriptively. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies
and the application of sometimes potentially biased study design comparisons
were difficult. A uniform European-wide evaluation strategy and common
quality features would be desirable.
Minimalinvasive Schnittführung beim Einsatz des implantierbaren Hörsystems Carina
Authors: Langer Jörg , Pethe Wolfram 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Schnittführung für den Zugangsweg bei der Versorgung mit Cochlea-Implantaten und aktiven Mittelohrimplantaten wie Vibrant Soundbridge und Bonebridge hat sich in den letzten Jahren in Richtung minimalinvasiver Zugangswege entwickelt.Für das aktive Mittelohrimplantat CARINA wird eine im Vergleich deutlich größere Schnittführung empfohlen, die der der CI-Versorgung vor ca. 2 Jahrzehnten entspricht.Hierdurch sind erhöhte Komplikationsraten durch die exzessive Schnittführung zu erwarten.
Methoden Um die Komplikationsrate bei der CARINA-Versorgung zu minimieren, wurde die Möglichkeit der minimalinvasiven Schnittführung auch für dieses Implantat überdacht und entwickelt.
Ergebnisse Bisher konnten 4 Patienten mit der minimalinvasiven Schnittführung unter 5 cm Länge erfolgreich und ohne postoperative Komplikationen mit einem CARINA-Implantat versorgt werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Durch eine Optimierung der Fixierung, z. B. durch den Einsatz selbstschneidender Schrauben, kann dieser Zugangsweg als Standard etabliert werden.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy – a Review of the Current Literature and Possible Impact on Maternal and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Stumpfe Florian M. , Titzmann Adriana , Schneider Michael O. , Stelzl Patrick , Kehl Sven , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Ensser Armin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown cause first started to appear in Wuhan in China; subsequently, a new coronavirus was soon identified as the cause of the illness, now known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since then, infections have been confirmed worldwide in numerous countries, with the number of cases steadily rising. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the new severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and, in particular, to deduce from it potential risks and complications for pregnant patients. For this purpose, the available literature on cases of infection in pregnancy during the SARS epidemic of 2002/2003, the MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) epidemic ongoing since 2012, as well as recent publications on cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy are reviewed and reported. Based on the literature available at the moment, it can be assumed that the clinical course of COVID-19 disease may be complicated by pregnancy which could be associated with a higher mortality rate. It may also be assumed at the moment that transmission from mother to child in utero is unlikely. Breastfeeding is possible once infection has been excluded or the disease declared cured.
Actinic Cheilitis: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Wood Neil Hamilton , Khammissa Razia , Meyerov Robin , Lemmer Johan , Feller Liviu 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIn actinic cheilitis, the current view is that the keratinocytes have undergone transformation forming a field of epithelium with the potential for neoplastic transformation. Clinical features include diffuse and poorly demarcated atrophic, erosive or keratotic plaques that may affect some parts of, or the entire vermilion border. Fair-complexioned people, those with albinism and people with eversion of the lip are all subject to actinic cheilitis. Prophylactic measures against all forms of sunlight-induced lesions must include limitation of exposure to the sun during peak sunlight hours, the use of appropriate protective clothing, and the use of a sunscreen cream. In this article, a case of albinism is used to illustrate the nature of actinic cheilitis, its clinical features and its treatment. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:101-106)
Arthroscopic Foveal Reattachment of the Triangular Fibro Cartilaginous Complex
Authors: Kermarrec Gwénolé , Cohen Gilles , Upex Peter , Fontes Didier 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Foveal attachment of the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex (TFCC) is essential for distal radioulnar joint stability. Controversy still exists as to which is the best treatment in case of foveal lesions. Actual arthroscopic techniques either require mini open steps or are complex and expensive. We present a simple all inside knotless repair, providing a strong bony fixation in the fovea.
Materials and Methods Through 3–4 and 6R portals, the ulnar fovea is debrided and a wire is passed percutaneously through the TFCC to place a mattress suture at its free end. It is then reattached to the fovea with an impacted anchor.
Retrospective Study Between 2013 and 2016, a cohort of 5 patients presenting with isolated Palmer 1B, EWAS 2 lesions of the TFCC were operated on with this technique. Clinical evaluation was based on a compared measurement of the grip strength, pain on a visual analogic scale (VAS), different ranges of motion, and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) stability. We also used functional scores: Mayo modified wrist score (MMWS), Quick disability arm, shoulder and hand (DASH), and patient-related wrist evaluation (PRWE). The average follow-up was 29.4 months (range 9–42 months).
Results On postoperative evaluation, pain was reduced by 5 points (range 1–9) and grip strength averaged 94% of the unaffected side. Range of motion averaged 92% on the unaffected side. DRUJ instability was slight in 4 patients and mild in 1 patient. MMWS was excellent for 1, good for 1, and satisfactory for 3 patients. Quick Dash averaged 17.68 (range 0–38.6) compared with preoperative average of 59.48 (range 45–77) with an amelioration of 43 (range 34–57).PRWE averaged 20 (range 1–41.5) compared with preoperative average of 60.3 (range 33.5–76.5) with an amelioration of 41 (range 32–58). We reported no complications and particularly no lesions of the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve.
Conclusions We present a simple arthroscopic technique using a single suture anchor placed in the ulnar fovea. Repairs performed with this technique are simple and the results achieved seem to be similar to those obtained with conventional open or arthroscopic techniques, although further investigation with an increased number of patients and follow-up are required. It however became our first choice of treatment in European Wrist Arthroscopy Society (EWAS) 2 lesions of the TFCC.
Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Hepatitis: Standard of Care Yet?
Authors: Cracco Alejandro , Montorfano Lisandro , Vanatta Jason M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common indications for liver transplantation. However, liver transplantation for alcoholic hepatitis (AH) remains controversial. The morbidity of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is extremely high, with most of the deaths occurring within the first 2 months. Multiple studies have recently demonstrated significant improvement in overall survival following liver transplantation in patients with SAH who failed medical management, with comparable rates to those transplanted electively. Concerns remain due to the small pool of donors and the high risk of alcohol relapse in this population. The traditional requirement of 6 months of abstinence prior to transplantation, or also known as “6-month rule” is controversial and has been criticized as whether it is a good predictor of long-term sobriety. Previous studies among patients with alcoholic cirrhosis have indicated that this rule poorly identifies patients who will relapse after liver transplantation. More recent studies in patients transplanted for SAH, have reported relapse rates that are comparable to those with abstinence periods >6 months. Applying stringent selection criteria appears to be key in identifying patients who are less likely to relapse after transplantation, and therefore prolonging patient and graft life. However, further research is needed to identify patients at risk and create appropriate screening tools. In this article, we present a review of currently available data on this topic.
Influenza A and B viruses with reduced baloxavir susceptibility display attenuated in vitro fitness but retain ferret transmissibility
Authors: Jones Jeremy C. , Pascua Philippe Noriel Q. , Fabrizio Thomas P. , Marathe Bindumadhav M. , Seiler Patrick , Barman Subrata , Webby Richard J. , Webster Robert G. , Govorkova Elena A. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The emergence of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir marboxil (BXM) would limit the clinical utility of this novel antiviral. To assess the risk of such resistance emerging, we evaluated influenza A and B viruses carrying BXM-reduced susceptibility substitutions and compared their fitness to that of their drug-susceptible wild-type (I38-WT) counterparts. The 38T/F/M substitutions inhibited activity of the virus PA protein, and two of them (38T/F) hindered virus replication in cells. Even so, 38T/F/M viruses could transmit between ferrets, the gold-standard model for human transmission. These findings argue that there is a risk of transmission of BXM-resistant viruses from treated individuals. Whether such viruses could compete with WT viruses in spreading through the wider untreated community is less clear.
Triple oxygen isotope insight into terrestrial pyrite oxidation
Authors: Hemingway Jordon D. , Olson Haley , Turchyn Alexandra V. , Tipper Edward T. , Bickle Mike J. , Johnston David T. 
Published: March 2020

SignificancePyrite is oxidized during weathering to form dissolved sulfate that is carried to the ocean by rivers. This process is thought to incorporate atmosphericO2-derived oxygen; geologically preserved sulfate has thus been proposed to directly trace pastO2isotope compositions. However, this mechanism has not been thoroughly tested in modern weathering environments. We show that dissolved sulfate in Himalayan rivers is predominantly derived from pyrite, yet its oxygen isotope compositions preclude directO2incorporation. Rather, alternative oxygen sources (e.g., reactive oxygen species) may be incorporated during oxidation, prompting reconsideration of the pyrite oxidation mechanism and the interpretation of geologically preserved sulfate as a directO2tracer.
Upcycling chitin-containing waste into organonitrogen chemicals via an integrated process
Authors: Ma Xiaoqiang , Gözaydın Gökalp , Yang Huiying , Ning Wenbo , Han Xi , Poon Nga Yu , Liang Hong , Yan Ning , Zhou Kang 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Shell biorefinery is an emerging concept that upcycles the major component of crustacean shell waste and the like (chitin-rich) into value-added chemicals and materials. To date, the utilization of waste-derived chitin as carbon and nitrogen sources to produce value-added nitrogen-containing chemicals (NCCs) via microbial fermentation has been underexplored. The lack of a compatible pretreatment method in conjunction with a customized NCC-producing strain has placed a major impediment to the valorization effort. This study tackles this challenge by developing an integrated biorefinery process that combines an efficient pretreatment process with a highly customizable microbial engineering platform, opening a door for the better use of crustacean shell waste-derived chitin as a substrate for microbial manufacturing.
Triad hybridization via a conduit species
Authors: Grant Peter R. , Grant B. Rosemary 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceIntrogressive hybridization of pairs of species can affect the evolution of their populations in several important ways. More rarely, three species form an interbreeding complex (triad), but little is known of the consequences. A long-term study of interbreeding Darwin’s finches on Daphne Major island, Galápagos, shows thatGeospiza fortisacts as a conduit for the passage of genes fromGeospiza fuliginosa, a rare immigrant, toGeospiza scandens, a resident. Surprisingly, the species and the derived dihybrids and trihybrids had approximately equal fitness. Gene flow increased in frequency and apparently caused a morphological convergence of the resident species. These findings illustrate how evolutionary change is potentially increased by hybridization among three species and the assembly of novel combinations of genes.
Self‐reported reproductive health of athletic and recreationally active males in Ireland: potential health effects interfering with performance
Authors: Logue Danielle M. , Madigan Sharon M. , Melin Anna , McDonnell Sarah‐Jane , Delahunt Eamonn , Heinen Mirjam , Corish Clare A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction: The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED‐S) consensus statements recognise that male athletes might have impaired fertility in terms of the Exercise Hypogonodal Male Condition (ExHMC). Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) identify risk of ExHMC in active males in various sports and (2) determine if associations between risk of ExHMC and health problems interfering with training and competition exist. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed online (November 2018–January 2019) using questions derived from the “Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male Questionnaire” (ADAM‐Q) to assess risk of ExHMC. Additional questions were included to collect information on participant demographics, injury and illness history and dietary habits. Logistic regression analyses explored differences between groups. Results: Risk of ExHMC was identified in 23.3% (n = 185) of 794 questionnaire participants. Following multivariate analyses, risk of ExHMC was independently associated with a lower than normal sex drive rating within the last month (OR 7.62, 95%CI 4.99–11.63) and less than three morning erections per week within the last month (OR: 4.67, 95%CI 3.23–6.76). Risk of ExHMC was associated with 15–21 days absence from training or competition during the previous 6 months due to overload injuries in the univariate analysis (OR = 2.69, 95% CI = 1.24–5.84). Conclusion: Risk of ExHMC and associated symptoms in this heterogeneous sample may be indicative of RED‐S. Confounding factors such as over‐training, medication use, fatigue and psychological stress need to be considered. Identification of male athletes exhibiting physiological symptoms associated with RED‐S requires more research.
Augmented reality direct current glow discharge experimentation
Authors: Yau Chin Doong , Wildan Ardan , Browning Aidan , Wijesinghe Chamaka , Xiao Kevin , Ng Tuck Wah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The glowing discharges of plasma obtained by introducing direct current high voltages between two electrodes in a chamber that contains a low pressure gas produces a spectacular effect that makes it attractive to be used as a laboratory experiment for students. Setting up this experiment is however costly and has crucial safety issues to be addressed. An augmented reality approach here allows students to conduct such an experiment effectively. It was designed to guide students on how to conduct the experiment safely and properly, as well as to allow them to note the voltage breakdown values according to Paschen’s rule. The tool has the strong advantage of allowing students to conduct experimentation without removing any of the real-life and tactile features that help to constitute cognition events in the natural world. It also yielded positive responses when tested on 39 high school students as part of an outreach program for science and technology.
Effective Hamiltonians for interacting superconducting qubits: local basis reduction and the Schrieffer–Wolff transformation
Authors: Consani Gioele , Warburton Paul A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An open question in designing superconducting quantum circuits is how best to reduce the full circuit Hamiltonian which describes their dynamics to an effective two-level qubit Hamiltonian which is appropriate for manipulation of quantum information. Despite advances in numerical methods to simulate the spectral properties of multi-element superconducting circuits (Yurke B and Denker J S 1984 Phys. Rev. A
29 1419, Reiter F and Sørensen A S 2012 Phys. Rev. A
85 032111 and Amin M H et al 2012 Phys. Rev. A
86 052314), the literature lacks a consistent and effective method of determining the effective qubit Hamiltonian. Here we address this problem by introducing a novel local basis reduction method. This method does not require any ad hoc assumption on the structure of the Hamiltonian such as its linear response to applied fields. We numerically benchmark the local basis reduction method against other Hamiltonian reduction methods in the literature and report specific examples of superconducting qubits, including the capacitively-shunted flux qubit, where the standard reduction approaches fail. By combining the local basis reduction method with the Schrieffer–Wolff transformation we further extend its applicability to systems of interacting qubits and use it to extract both non-stoquastic two-qubit Hamiltonians and three-local interaction terms in three-qubit Hamiltonians.
Upper bounds on absorption and scattering
Authors: Gustafsson Mats , Schab Kurt , Jelinek Lukas , Capek Miloslav 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A general framework for determining fundamental bounds in nanophotonics is introduced in this paper. The theory is based on convex optimization of dual problems constructed from operators generated by electromagnetic integral equations. The optimized variable is a contrast current defined within a prescribed region of a given material constitutive relations. Two power conservation constraints analogous to the optical theorem are utilized to tighten the bounds and to prescribe either losses or material properties. Thanks to the utilization of matrix rank-1 updates, modal decompositions, and model order reduction techniques, the optimization procedure is computationally efficient even for complicated scenarios. No dual gaps are observed. The method is well-suited to accommodate material anisotropy and inhomogeneity. To demonstrate the validity of the method, bounds on scattering, absorption, and extinction cross sections are derived first and evaluated for several canonical regions. The tightness of the bounds is verified by comparison to optimized spherical nanoparticles and shells. The next metric investigated is bi-directional scattering studied closely on a particular example of an electrically thin slab. Finally, the bounds are established for Purcell’s factor and local field enhancement where a dimer is used as a practical example.
Spin current pumped by confined breathing skyrmion
Authors: Zhang Chunlei , Wang Jianing , Jin Chendong , Zeng Zhaozhuo , Xia Haiyan , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Spin pumping is a widely recognized method to generate the spin current in the spintronics, which can be found in varieties of magnetic materials and is acknowledged as a fundamentally dynamic process equivalent to the spin-transfer torque. In this work, we theoretically verified the oscillating spin current mixed by AC and DC components can be pumped from the microwave-motivated breathing skyrmion. The spin current can be pumped within a relatively low-frequency microwave compared with the in-plane ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). Although the amplitude of spin current density for a single confined skyrmion is several times lower than the FMR spin pumping, the pumped current would be improved to be the same order as the FMR through a tight skyrmion lattice. Based on the spin pumping of breathing skyrmion, we designed a high reading-speed racetrack memory model whose reading speed is much higher than the SOT (spin–orbit torque)/STT (spin-transfer torque) skyrmion racetrack. Our work focuses on the spin pumping phenomenon inside the breathing skyrmion, and it may contribute to the applications of the skyrmion-based device.