bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level calculated using the modified Martin/Hopkins estimation or the Friedewald formula with direct homogeneous assay measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: Reiber Istvan , Mark Laszlo , Paragh Gyorgy , Toth Peter 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionLow-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) represents the primary lipoprotein target for reducing cardiovascular risk (CV). The aim of our study is to compare the direct and the calculated LDL-C levels in the range below 1.8 mmol/l and 2.6 mmol/l depending on triglycerides, and to evaluate the variation in remnant lipoprotein cholesterol.Material and methodsWe investigated 14 906 lipid profiles from fasting blood samples of Hungarian individuals with triglycerides < 4.5 mmol/l. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and direct LDL-C were measured by the enzymatic assay. We calculated LDL-C by Friedewald’s formula (F-LDL-C) and by using the new Martin/Hopkins estimation (MH-LDL-C).ResultsFor F-LDL-C below 1.8 mmol/l, MH-LDL-C was 58% between 1.8 and 2.59 mmol/l when TG was in the range 2.3–4.5 mmol/l. For F-LDL-C below 2.6 mmol/l, the MH-LDL-C concordance was 73% in the same TG range (2.3–4.5 mmol/l. If MH-LDL-C was less than 1.8 mmol/l or between 1.8 and 2.59 mmol/l, the difference between non-HDL-C (TC – HDL-C = AC: atherogenic cholesterol) and (MH)LDL-C was less than 0.8 mmol/l in the TG range below 2.3 mmol/l. The remnant lipoprotein cholesterol values were on average 0.5 mmol/l lower by the Martin/Hopkins estimation compared to the Friedewald’s calculation if the TG was above 2.3 mmol/l.ConclusionsThe Friedewald equation tends to underestimate LDL-C levels in very high and high-risk settings. Our analysis supports the conclusion that in Hungarian patients, LDL-C estimation using the Martin/Hopkins formula, which is validated by the beta-quantification method, yields a more accurate LDL-C value than that calculated by the Friedewald formula.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 8/β-catenin signalling contributes to tumourigenesis in prostate cancer and can be regulated by miR-216a-5p
Authors: Hong Tao , Yu Hongyuan , Li Weilin , Mo Licai , Ke Mang 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionCyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8), as an oncogene, contributes to carcinogenesis in several cancer types. However, the role of CDK8 in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been completely clarified. The present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of PCa.Material and methodsIn human specimens, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of CDK8, respectively. In vitro experiments, MTT and colony formation assay, transwell assay, and Annexin V (FITC) double staining were performed to analyse cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively.ResultsUp-regulation of CDK8 was observed in PCa tissues and associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Knockdown of CDK8 by shRNA was able to repress cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis in PC3 and DU145 cells, as well as reduce the protein expression of Wnt/-catenin pathway components. CDK8 was a direct target of miR-216a-5p, and overexpression of CDK8 reduced the antineoplastic activities of miR-216a-5p in vitro. Furthermore, miR-216a-5p could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for predicting the OS of PCa.ConclusionsmiR-216a-5p/CDK8/-catenin signalling cascade modulates the aggression of PCa. miR-216a-5p and CDK8, as promising therapeutic targets, might facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of PCa.
The relationship between RSUME and VHL/HIF-1α signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yuanliang , Wang Xin , Zhao Faliang , Chen Anjian , Liang Tiangcai , Du Yang , Li Hao , Du Jiang , Fu Zifeng , Liang Guobiao 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterised by loss of the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor gene (VHL), and the functional tumourigenic consequences of this loss have been used to develop therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma, such as targeting activation of the HIF pathway. Human RWD containing sumoylation enhancer (RSUME) has been previously reported to play a promoting role in pituitary tumours. However, the exact role of RSUME in RCC remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels of VHL, HIF-1α, and RSUME genes and proteins in human RCC tissues, and their correlations.Material and methodsImmunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were applied to detect the expression levels of VHL, HIF-1α, and RSUME in normal renal tissue (control group) and RCC (experimental group).ResultsThe results revealed that RSUME and HIF-1α were significantly upregulated in RCC tissues compared with normal renal tissues (p < 0.05), while the expression level of VHL was significantly lower than that in normal renal tissues (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis results showed that the expression of VHL was negatively correlated with HIF-1α and RSUME, respectively (p < 0.05). However, a positive correlation between RSUME and HIF-1α expression was observed (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggested that upregulated expression of RSUME may be involved in the formation and progression of renal cell carcinoma via interaction with VHL/HIF-1α signalling pathway, and thus RSUME may be a novel potential therapeutic target for renal cell carcinoma.
miR-93-5p attenuates apoptosis and autophagy by regulating SRY-box2 in spinal cord-injured rats in vivo and PC12 cells in vitro
Authors: An Yan , Li Jianing , He MS Da , Fan Mingxing 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionIn the current work we studied the involvement of miR-93-5p in spinal cord injury (SCI) by involving SCI rats and LPS-mediated injuries in PC12 cells.Material and methodsThe PC12 cells were exposed to LPS in order to induce cell injury that mimicked the in vitro model of spinal cord injury. The in vivo model was created by submitting rats to contusion injury. The cell apoptosis and viability were evaluated by flow cytometry and cell counting kit (CCK-8). The expression of various apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins was done by western blot assay.ResultsThe treatment of LPS caused cell injuries in PC12 cells. The levels of miR-93-5p were suppressed in LPS-injured cells. Over-expression of miR-93-5p decreased autophagy and apoptosis and increased cell viability in LPS injured cells via up-regulation of SRY-box2. Up-regulation of SRY-box2 ameliorated LPS-mediated cell injury whereas suppression of SRY-box2 accelerated the LPS-mediated cell injury. Also, upregulation of miR-93-5p blocked the JAK/STAT and MAPK/ERK pathways via up-regulating the expression of SRY-box2. Treatment in SCI rats with miR-93-5p agomir inhibited cell apoptosis and autophagy.ConclusionsThe results of the study confirmed the attenuating role of miR-93-5p against cell autophagy and apoptosis in LPS-injured PC12 cells and SCI rats via up-regulation of the expression of SRY-box2.
The role of social support in contributing to posttraumatic growth in persons with vision impairment
Authors: Sztonyk Bożena , Formella Zbigniew 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSome individuals report transformational growth understood as lasting positive changes following adverse ex-periences. Recently psychological research has attempted to understand the complex relationship between adversity and subsequent growth. In 1995 Tedeschi and Calhoun coined the term “posttraumatic growth” (PTG), which is also termed “adversarial growth” by Linley and Joseph. PTG has become a leading area of research, striving for a balanced positive psychology that integrates the complexity between the negatives and positives to optimise positive outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of social support in contributing to PTG in three study cases.Participants and procedureThe qualitative approach was based on semi-structured interviews with three women over 50 who lost vision when they were 18, 25 and 43 years old. Two of the participants were Polish, and one was Australian. The Eco-logical Systems Theory (EST) of Bronfenbrenner was used to demonstrate changes, as its process-person-context model permits this investigation.ResultsThis study revealed that social support contributed to the PTG experienced after vision loss in the cases studied. Participants stressed that the received social support enhanced their gratitude and helped them grow in many unexpected ways. The relation characterised by the synergy between social support, gratitude and growth has been suggested by the participants.ConclusionsThe trajectories of PTG in these studies varied and were influenced by individual resources and the socio-cultural contexts of the participants.
Secondary radiological findings of osteoid osteoma as muscular atrophy and synovitis in paediatric and adult patients
Authors: Sahin Cennet 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionDiagnosis of osteoid osteoma may be delayed if secondary radiological findings such as muscle atrophy, oedema in peripheric soft tissue and bone marrow, joint effusion, or synovitis are more severe than the lesion itself. In this article, the purpose was to demonstrate secondary radiological findings of osteoid osteoma in both paediatric and adult patients. This study is one of the very few with such a large case series.Material and methodsRadiological images of 152 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Peri-nidus sclerosis, periosteal reactive bone formation, bone marrow and soft tissue oedema, presence of synovial effusion, muscular atrophy in the affected extremity, osteopaenia, and posture deterioration were noted.ResultsMost of the lesions (87.5%) were localised in lower extremity bones. Among all the patients, 56% had extra-articular (65% in paediatric patients) and 44% had intraarticular (69% in paediatric patients) osteoid-osteoma. In 44% of the patients, synovial effusion was presented. In 89.4% of these, osteoid osteoma was localised in the joint. Of the 97 patients who had osteoid osteoma in lower extremities or pelvic bones, 73% had muscular atrophy.
In 6% of them muscular atrophy was severe, and they had posture-gait disorder with accompanying osteopaenia.
In 48% of the patients, there was reactive periosteal bone formation around the nidus.ConclusionsSecondary radiological findings, such as muscular atrophy, synovitis, posture-gait deterioration, and reactive bone formation in a patient with continuous pain that is relieved by anti-inflammatory drugs may point to an osteoid osteoma.
The effect of social interaction and environment on aerobic dance on salivary cortisol
Authors: Ramania Nia Sri , Iwo Maria Immaculata , Apriantono Tommy , Winata Bagus 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionAerobic dance can reduce individual stress response levels and its psychosomatic symptoms, and increase
physical fitness. The effect of social interaction and the environment is also considered prominent for reducing stress. The purpose
of this study was to measure the impact of social interaction and the environment when practising aerobic dance on reducing
stress among first-rate university students in Indonesia.MethodsThe study involved 16 students (8 males and 8 females) aged 18–20 years. All participants took a series of indoor
and outdoor tests. In the indoor-test phase, they did indoor aerobic dance without communicating with one another, while in
the outdoor-test phase, they did outdoor aerobic dance and were allowed to interact with one another. The subjects underwent
3 measurements: salivary cortisol was assessed before and after the aerobic dance in the indoor and outdoor test; heart rate
was evaluated during the aerobic dance; and rating of perceived exertion was established immediately after each participant
had finished the aerobic dance.ResultsOne-way ANOVA statistical test showed a significant difference between indoor-test and outdoor-test conditions in
the measurement of salivary cortisol after the intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Independent t-test also revealed a significant difference
between both conditions (<i>p</i> = 0.001).ConclusionsMore communicative social interactions and conducive outdoor environments that allowed a direct contact with
nature in doing aerobic dance had a significant effect in reducing cortisol awakening response in salivary cortisol measurements.
Change in the biomechanical characteristics of running as a result of an individual 1-year program for training an elite athlete with visual impairment for Paralympic Games
Authors: Kozina Zhanneta , Chaika Olena , Prokopenko Ivan , Zdanyuk Vadym , Kniaz Hanna , Proskurnia Olexsii , Chernozub Andrii , Shkrebtii Yurii , Romantsova Yana 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionTo identify the effectiveness of an individual track and field sprint training program for an elite athlete with visual impairment to improve running techniques and increase competitive performance.MethodsAn elite athlete, a Paralympic medallist and winner in the 2016 World Championship of Athletes with disabilities was involved in the study. An individual training program was developed, based on improving speed endurance and the kinaesthetic analyser. The biomechanical indicators of running were determined for 100-m running.ResultsThe value of the angle in the knee joint at the time of thigh raising, as well as the speed of movement of the ankle and knee joints at the time of thigh raising and at the time of lowering the leg increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). A significant decrease in the running time of running steps during the development of maximum speed at a distance (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was revealed. Elimination of delays in lowering the leg after thigh raising was found. The time of 100-m running decreased significantly.ConclusionsThe athlete became the champion of the world and the silver medallist of the Paralympics in 2016 as a result of applying the individually developed training program.
The effectiveness of hydrotherapy in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Christakou Anna , Boulnta Foteini 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionLow back pain is the most common musculoskeletal disorder. Hydrotherapy may assist a variety of pathological conditions, including low back pain. The purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of hydrotherapy in chronic low back pain.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, MEdLiNE, Elsevier, and Google Scholar was conducted for randomized controlled trials published in the period of 2009–2019 that investigated therapeutic aquatic exercise for low back pain. Particularly, the examined variables were (a) pain, (b) disability, (c) quality of life, (d) functional ability and physical condition, (e) psychological state, (f) body composition, (h) vertebral height and nerve compression symptoms, and (i) kinesiophobia. PEdro scale, which measures the methodological quality of randomized studies, was used.Resultsoverall, 13 studies were included and the results showed a relief of pain and disability and an improvement of quality of life and psychological state after hydrotherapy. in accordance with the PEdro scale, the average methodological quality of the studies was 5.08/10.ConclusionsHydrotherapy may have a positive effect in patients with chronic low back pain. Further high-quality studies on a larger scale are required to confirm these results.
Determination of the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the self-rated fall risk questionnaire in older individuals
Authors: Sertel Meral , Şimşek Tülay Tarsuslu , Yümin Eylem Tütün , Aras Bahar 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionThe aim was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the self-rated fall risk questionnaire (FRQ).MethodsThe study included 100 individuals aged over 65 years. For test-retest reliability, firstly, the questionnaire was applied to volunteers, and, after 15–20 days, the individuals were asked to fill in the questionnaire again. For internal consistency, its correlation was evaluated with the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go test, of which Turkish reliability and validity studies had been previously performed in older individuals.ResultsThe internal consistency of FRQ results obtained in the first (test results) and second (retest results) tests was found to be moderate (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient: 0.771 and 0.854, respectively). The test-retest reliability of the FRQ total score and the total score of the other scales was excellent and turned out to be statistically significant. in the statistical analysis, correlations were observed between both the test results and the retest results (<i>p</i> < 0.05).Conclusionsin this study, the Turkish version of FRQ, which provides essential data for evaluating fall risk in older individuals and for consulting a specialist for detailed examination if necessary, was found to be highly valid and reliable.
Projecting ozone hole recovery using an ensemble of chemistry–climate models weighted by model performance and independence
Authors: Amos Matt , Young Paul J. , Hosking J. Scott , Lamarque Jean-François , Abraham N. Luke , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Archibald Alexander T. , Bekki Slimane , Deushi Makoto , Jöckel Patrick , Kinnison Douglas , Kirner Ole , Kunze Markus , Marchand Marion , Plummer David A. , Saint-Martin David , Sudo Kengo , Tilmes Simone , Yamashita Yousuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Calculating a multi-model mean, a commonly used method for ensemble averaging, assumes model independence and equal model skill. Sharing of model components amongst families of models and research centres, conflated by growing ensemble size, means model independence cannot be assumed and is hard to quantify.
We present a methodology to produce a weighted-model ensemble projection, accounting for model performance and model independence. Model weights are calculated by comparing model hindcasts to a selection of metrics chosen for their physical relevance to the process or phenomena of interest. This weighting methodology is applied to the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) ensemble to investigate Antarctic ozone depletion and subsequent recovery. The weighted mean projects an ozone recovery to 1980 levels, by 2056 with a 95 % confidence interval (2052–2060), 4 years earlier than the most recent study. Perfect-model testing and out-of-sample testing validate the results and show a greater projective skill than a standard multi-model mean. Interestingly, the construction of a weighted mean also provides insight into model performance and dependence between the models.
This weighting methodology is robust to both model and metric choices and therefore has potential applications throughout the climate and chemistry–climate modelling communities.
Short- and long-term temperature responses of soil denitrifier net N2O efflux rates, inter-profile N2O dynamics, and microbial genetic potentials
Authors: Buckeridge Kate M. , Edwards Kate A. , Min Kyungjin , Ziegler Susan E. , Billings Sharon A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Production and reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) by soil denitrifiers influence
atmospheric concentrations of this potent greenhouse gas. Accurate projections of the net
N2O flux have three key uncertainties: (1) short- vs. long-term responses to warming,
(2) interactions among soil horizons, and (3) temperature responses of different steps in the
denitrification pathway. We addressed these uncertainties by sampling soil from a boreal forest
climate transect encompassing a 5.2 ∘C difference in the mean annual temperature and
incubating the soil horizons in isolation and together at three ecologically relevant temperatures
in conditions that promote denitrification. Both short-term exposure to warmer temperatures and
long-term exposure to a warmer climate increased N2O emissions from organic and mineral
soils; an isotopic tracer suggested that an increase in N2O production was more important
than a decline in N2O reduction. Short-term warming promoted the reduction of organic
horizon-derived N2O by mineral soil when these horizons were incubated together. The
abundance of nirS (a precursor gene for N2O production) was not sensitive to
temperature, whereas that of nosZ clade I (a gene for N2O reduction) decreased
with short-term warming in both horizons and was higher from a warmer climate. These results
suggest a decoupling of gene abundance and process rates in these soils that differs across
horizons and timescales. In spite of these variations, our results suggest a consistent, positive
response of denitrifier-mediated net N2O efflux rates to temperature across timescales
in these boreal forests. Our work also highlights the importance of understanding cross-horizon
N2O fluxes for developing a predictive understanding of net N2O efflux from
soils.
مدى استيعاب النصوص التقليدية للسرقة الإلكترونية- دراسة مقارنة
Authors: يوسف زيدات د. حابس 
Published: August 2020

مُلخَّص

أن التطور التكنولوجي وتقنية المعلومات والكثير من الوسائل الالكترونية الحديثة جعل المجال مفتوحاً لأن تتدخل الى جانب الفائده كثير من السلبيات، فاذا كان البعض يستخدم الوسائل الحديثه في صالح البشرية، إلا أن هنالك من يرتكبون من خلال نفس تلك الوسائل الجرائم.
ومنها جريمة السرقة التى تفترض قيام الجاني باختلاس الشئ من المالك الأصلي وإدخاله إلى حيازة مرتكب الاعتداء والظهور عليه بمظهر المالك، فهذه التطورات الحديثة سمحت للأفراد والمؤسسات الى الولوج من خلال تلك الوسائل الى البنوك والمؤسسات المصرفيه وقواعد المعلومات وحتى الاجهزة الشخصية للافراد ، مما ساهم بظهور أشكال جديدة وأساليب جديدة يمكن من خلالها ارتكاب مثل تلك الجرائم التقليدية التى جرمتها نصوص قانون العقوبات في كل دول العالم.
وبات التساؤل هل تخضع تلك الجرائم الى النصوص التقليدية التى نص عليه قانون العقوبات أم هي بحاجه الى تشريع جديد يواكب ما رافق تلك الجرائم التقليدية «ومنها ا٤سرقة» من وسائل حديثة تسمى بالجرائم الالكترونية؟ رتب ذلك ضرورة التفكير في دراسة مدى كفاية النصوص التقليدية لمحاربة جرائم الاختلاس الإلكتروني، ومدى الحاجة الى وضع تشريعات قانونية حديثة لمكافحة الجرائم الإلكترونية.
Cassatie in Caribische strafzaken
Authors: van den Akker S. 
Published: August 2020

Cassatie in Caribische strafzaken – Opmerkelijke cassatietechnische verschillen tussen het Nederlandse en het Caribische strafprocesrecht
In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur in op de (cassatietechnische) verschillen in het strafprocesrecht tussen de Cariben en Nederland. Die verschillen worden vanuit het perspectief van de cassatieadvocaat kritisch beschouwd in het licht van het concordantiebeginsel en het EVRM. De auteur is van mening dat er voor de Hoge Raad een taak is weggelegd met betrekking tot de interpretatie van het Caribische verstekbegrip in het licht van het concordantiebeginsel. Daarbij is voor de Antilliaanse wetgever de taak weggelegd om diens omissie te herstellen door beroep in cassatie open te stellen in exequaturzaken.
R (ON THE APPLICATION OF BEGUM) v HEADTEACHER AND GOVERNORS OF DENBIGH HIGH SCHOOL HL [2006] UKHL 15, [2006] ALL ER (D) 320 (MAR), (APPROVED JUDGMENT)
Authors: Edwards Susan 
Published: August 2020

The Jilbab ControversyOn March 22nd 2006, the House of Lords allowed an appeal by the defendant school, Denbigh High School in Luton and ruled that the school’s uniform policy which disallowed a particular variation of Islamic dress - the “jilbab” (a long sleeved floor length loose fitting tunic dress) - did not amount to an interference with the respondent’s right to manifest her religion. Denbigh High School’s, school uniform, for those who were of the Islamic faith was in the form of the “shalwar kameeze” (a tunic and a particular style of shaped trousers). This uniform variation was worn by those Muslim girls who wished to wear it and was also worn by non-Muslim girls of Hindu and Sikh faiths who attended the school. Shabina Begum had attended the school since the age of eleven years and had worn the shalwar kameeze. When she was thirteen she no longer wished to wear the shalwar kameeze, instead she said she wanted to wear a jilbab which she maintained was “the appropriate” dress code for a Muslim woman after puberty. Moreover, she refused to attend school unless she could wear this form of dress.