bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FORRÓ: ENTRE CONSUMO E TRADIÇÃO NO MUNDO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Paulino Thiago 
Published: March 2020

Nos processos identitários, músicos e consumidores formam redes de interdependência como aliados ou adversários em diferentes níveis de poder. Este artigo pretende promover uma reflexão de como a produção musical comporta múltiplos pertencimentos situado entre a tradição e a modernização. Essa dinâmica acentua-se na atual globalização que facilita intercâmbios culturais capazes de gerar violência, mas também uma atitude dialógica intercultural enriquecedora. O forró como demais bens culturais se insere na lógica do mercado em busca do lucro e transforma espaços e relações humanas através do consumo. Enquanto bem de consumo, modalidades do forró tem como uma das características o descarte de músicas de sucesso e sua substituição por novidades. Este forró produzido pelo mercado do entretenimento e veiculado pela grande mídia exerce grande influência na formação de repertório de atores sociais aos quais é negada a música de qualidade. À alta rotatividade dos produtos de consumo opõe-se à criação artística mais elaborada que necessita de tempo para projetar, produzir, reformular e amadurecer. Essa situação se agrava quando a educação perde seu caráter formador e informador para uma consciência mais crítica e uma ação mais construtiva.
The Influence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ on the Amyloid Fibril Formation by β-Casein
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Jihua , Du Guangguang , An Yang , Zhao Chunfang , Zeng Baohua 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The amyloid fibril formation in different tissues or organs is related to
amyloidosis. The Ca2+, Zn2+ and heparan sulfate (HS) are important elements and compositions in
human body, which play a key role in regulating various physiological activities. Recently, there
are increasing evidence suggest that they are closely linked to the amyloid fibril formation.

Objective:
The effect of Ca2+ and Zn2+ on the amyloid fibril formation by β-casein was investigated
in the absence and presence of HS, which was significantly to explore the relationship between the
concentration changes of Ca2+ and Zn2+ and amyloid fibril formation.

Method:
In this work, the influence of Ca2+ and Zn2+ on the β-casein fibril formation in the
absence and presence of HS was investigated by various methods of Thioflavin T fluorescence assay,
transmission electron microscopy and intrinsic fluorescence measure.

Results:
The results demonstrated that Ca2+ and Zn2+ promoted the β-casein fibril formation. The effect
of Ca2+ was greater than that of Zn2+. Meanwhile, the both metal ions had stronger effects when
β-casein was incubated with HS together. In addition, it was also observed that the microenvironment
of β-casein was changed because the intrinsic fluorescence peaks were red-shifted on the influence
of Ca2+ and Zn2+.

Conclusion:
Ca2+ and Zn2+ were capable of promoting the β-casein fibril formation in the both
absence and presence of HS. This work set up the foundation for further researching of the amyloidosis
pathogenesis and provided new insight for us to understand relationship between the inflammation
and amyloidosis.
Anticancer Potential of Calli Versus Seedling Extracts Derived from Rosmarinus officinalis and Coleus hybridus
Authors: Albogami Sarah , Darwish Hadeer , Abdelmigid Hala M. , Alotaibi Saqer , El-Deen Ahmed Nour , Alnefaie Alaa , Alattas Afnan 
Published: March 2020

Background:
In Saudi Arabia, the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer are high.
Although current treatments are effective, breast cancer cells develop resistance to these treatments.
Numerous studies have demonstrated that active compounds in plant extracts, such as the phenolic
compound Rosmarinic Acid (RA), exert anti-cancer effects.

Objective:
We investigated the anticancer properties of methanolic crude extracts of seedlings and calli
of Rosmarinus officinalis and Coleus hybridus, two Lamiaceae species.

Methods:
MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were treated with methanolic crude extracts obtained from
plant calli and seedlings generated in vitro, and cell proliferation was evaluated. Transcriptional profiling
of the seedling and callus tissues was also conducted.

Results:
The mRNA expression levels of RA genes were higher in C. hybridus seedlings than in R. officinalis
seedlings, as well as in C. hybridus calli than in R. officinalis calli, except for TAT and C4H.
In addition, seedling and callus extracts of both R. officinalis and C. hybridus showed anti-proliferative
effects against MCF-7 cells after 24 or 48 h of treatment.

Discussion:
At a low concentration of 10 μg/mL, C. hybridus calli and seedling extracts showed the most
significant anti-proliferative effects after 24 and 48 h of exposure (p < 0.01); controls (doxorubicin) also
showed significant inhibition, but lesser than that observed with C. hybridus (p < 0.05). Results with R.
officinalis callus and seedling extracts did not significantly differ from those with untreated cells.

Conclusion:
Methanolic extracts of R. officinalis and C. hybridus are potentially valuable options for
breast cancer treatment.
The Multicenter Italian Trial Assesses the Performance of FDG-PET /CT Related to Pre-Test Cancer Risk in Patients with Solitary Pulmonary Nodules and Introduces a Segmental Thoracic Diagnostic Strategy
Authors: Spadafora Marco , Evangelista Laura , Fiordoro Salvatore , Porcaro Francesco , Sicignano Marilena , Mansi Luigi 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
The Italian Tailored Assessment of Lung Indeterminate Accidental Nodule (ITALIAN)
trial is a trial drawn to determine the performance of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in patients with solitary
pulmonary nodules (SPN), stratified for a different kind of risk. An additional end-point was to compare
the diagnostic information and estimated dosimetry, provided by a segmental PET/CT (s-PET/CT)
acquisition instead of a whole body PET/CT (wb-PET/CT), in order to evaluate if segmental thoracic
PET/CT can be used in patients with SPN.

Methods:
18F-FDG PET/CT of 502 patients, stratified for pre-test cancer risk, was retrospectively
analyzed. FDG uptake in SPN was assessed by a 4-point scoring (4PS) system and a semiquantitative
analysis using the ratio between SUVmax in SPN and SUVmean in mediastinal blood pool (BP), and
between SUVmax in SPN and SUVmean in the liver (L). Histopathology and/or follow-up data were
used as a standard of reference. Data obtained on the thoracic part of wb-PET/CT, defined as s -
PET/CT, were compared with those deriving from wb-PET/CT.

Results:
SPNs were malignant in 180 patients (36%), benign in 175 (35%), and indeterminate in 147
(29%). The 355 patients diagnosed with a definitive SPN nature (malignant or benign) were considered
for the analysis of PET performance. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive
values, and accuracy were 85.6%, 85.7%, 86%, 85.2%, and 85.6%, respectively. Sensitivity and
PPV were higher in intermediate and high-risk patients.

18F-FDG uptake indicative of thoracic and extra-thoracic lesions was detectable in 13% and 3% of the
patients. Compared to wb-PET/CT, s-PET/CT could save about 2/3 of 18F-FDG dose, radiation exposure
or scan-time, without affecting the clinical impact of PET/CT.

Conclusion:
In patients with SPN, the pre-test likelihood of malignancy stratification allows to better
define PET clinical setting and its diagnostic power. In subjects with low-intermediate pre-test likelihood
of malignancy, s-PET/CT might be planned in advance. The adoption of this segmental strategy
could reduce radiation exposure, scan-time, and might allow individually targeted protocols.
Seguir una regla: tres interpretaciones
Authors: Rodríguez Tirado Álvaro 
Published: March 2020

It is my contention that the profundity of Wittgenstein’s discussion of the problem of following a rule has not yet been fully appreciated in our philosophical environment. This is, to say the least, rather surprising, given its multitudinous connections with many other philosophical problems of the first order, especially, in the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind and philosophical logic. Saul Kripke’s latest contribution to philosophy has been a book whose title, Wittgenstein: On Rules and Private Language, deals precisely with these issues. Kripke’s discussion, brilliant and lucid as it was to be expected from the author of Naming and Necessity, has exerted an amazing influence on analytical philosophers dealing with problems as diverse as realism in semantics, the notion of ‘proof’ in mathematics, the possibility of a private language, the theory of meaning for a natural language, behaviourism in the philosophy of mind, the notion of objectivity, and many others.
Notwithstanding the immense amount of resources which Kripke brought to hear in his discussion, I believe that if we follow him all the way, we end up with a feeling that the point we have reached is very different from the one Wittgenstein wanted and, indeed, argued for. If, then, my reading of Wittgenstein’s texts is on anything like the right lines, one should be a bit skeptical about Kripke’s exegesis.
Two years after the publication of Kripke’s book, John McDowell wrote a splendid essay entitled ‘Wittgenstein on Following a Rule’ in which he challenges Kripke’s interpretation and, to my mind, some of McDowell’s arguments prove to be devastating of the position endorsed by Kripke. But McDowell considers it to be absolutely essential, for his own arguments to go through, to assume what I call ‘the community view’ on the practice of following a rule and this, I think, is a mistake. In a recent book, Colin McGinn has endorsed this conclusion, and I’ve tried to make it more appealing by exploring the possibility of bringing into play a causal theory of understanding.
Reflexiones sobre “La crisis de la modernidad”
Authors: Dascal Marcelo 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to analyze the apparent radicality of recent ‘post-modern’ or ‘post-philosophical’ critiques of philosophy. The key features of this radicality singled out here are: (a) its deliberate search of paradox; (b) its ostensive insensibility to tu quoque counter-arguments; (c) its promotion of a flattening of all levels of discourse, as well as of a removal of all barriers between kinds of discourse, both of which yield a sort of pluralistic holism, which may be called ‘discourse egalitarianism’; (d) its uncompromising rejection of all the categories, distinctions, strategies and methods of [classical] Reason, including dialectics; (e) its peculiar notion of ‘criticism’, not to be confused with ‘rejection’, ‘denial’, or ‘demolition’, all of which make room to the position criticized, but rather to be seen as radical deconstruction or suppression.
In the light of this analysis, an attempt is made to explain the radicality of this critique in terms of a cyclic model of increasingly sharper confrontations between ‘constructionists’ and ‘deconstructionists’ in the course of the history of philosophy. What accounts for the need for increasing radicalization is the fact that, at each confrontation, the opponent has strengthened his position by having learnt from previous criticism. Seen in this broad perspective, the current ‘crisis’ in philosophy can be interpreted as one more episode in the Great Critical Tradition, to be located not outside philosophy, as it contends, but rather at its very core.
El fundacionismo de la epistemología aristotélica
Authors: Cassini Alejandro 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to make an evaluation of the Aristotelian axiomatic method of justification of knowledge in the light of the epistemological foundationalism.
Its main theses are: 1) the Aristotelian axiomatic model of justification is an example of foundationalism in the wide sense of the term, which not restrains it to empiricism. 2) Aristotle’s foundationalism consists exclusively in his postulation of proper principles, but not in that of the common axioms. 3) His foundationalism is not based upon the immediate access —by perception or intellectual intuition— to the basic knowledges. The first principles of science are not data, and they are not evident nor self-justified. 4) The principles are not incorrigible statements, because their discovery is fallible. Moreover, they admit to be justified by a dialectical procedure. 5) Aristotle’s fallibilism is strongly limited: the principles are not —like in some modern epistemologies— always provisional. They become, in a finite time, necessary truths. This occurs when an essential definition is discovered after a mediate process, which has an inductive-dialectic character. These definitions are the proper principles of each science, strictly the foundations, and they are, once stated, incorrigible. The fallibilism of the process of discovery is not essential, but, according to Aristotle, accidental. 6) These assumptions produce two “absolutist” features in the Aristotelian conception of scientific knowledge: a) it is not provisional, but definitive; b) it is capable of to be complete. 7) Both features are supported by the basic assumption that a science is a finite set of necessary truths. 8) In this rigid model of scientific justification there is a scarce place for the concept of progress.
Wittgenstein and Physicalism
Authors: Haller Rudolf 
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo trata de esclarecer el sentido en que puede considerarse que Wittgenstein es un fisicalista, es decir, un creyente en la tesis de que el discurso científico con significado cognitivo consiste, en ultima instancia, en proposiciones que contienen esencialmente términos físicos.
El autor empieza formulando una explicación de cómo surgió la cuestión del fisicalismo y por qué está conectada con el cambio de perspectiva filosófica de Wittgenstein a principios de los años treinta. Teniendo en cuenta que el cambio de Wittgenstein en lo que respecta al lenguaje ocurrió en el periodo de mayor contacto de éste con los filósofos del Círculo de Viena, el autor examina el cambio del fenomenalismo al fisicalismo dentro de esa corriente. Se hace resaltar la importancia del fisicalismo de Neurath al liberar a la perspectiva epistemológica del nuevo empirismo de su lastre más pesado: la idea de que todos nuestros estados internos son propiedad privada.
En Neurath como en Wittgenstein el fisicalismo está asociado a la creencia de que no podemos “salirnos del lenguaje”. A pesar de una similitud aparente, sin embargo, el fisicalismo de Neurath y Carnap difieren esencialmente del fisicalismo de Wittgenstein. Este último nunca creyó que todos los objetos son “del mismo tipo”. No obstante, Wittgenstein es un fisicalista en la interpretación del lenguaje y en particular en la formulación de la crítica al lenguaje privado.
El paso de un lenguaje fenomenalista a un lenguaje fisicalista en Wittgenstein está íntimamente ligado al descubrimiento que hizo de que nuestro discurso acerca del mundo no es un discurso acerca de objetos privados.[Sergio Martínez]
What Do Language Games Measure?
Authors: Lorenz Kuno 
Published: March 2020

Tomando como punto de partida los parágrafos 130 y 131 de las Investigaciones filosóficas, en los que un juego-de-lenguaje recibe el nombre de ‘objeto de comparación’ o ‘regla de medición’ para los hechos de nuestro lenguaje, se argumenta que los ‘hechos’ preexistentes (en alemán, Verhältnisse) no son los que los juegos-de-lenguaje ponen de relieve. Sirven más bien como una especie de ‘reconstrucción racional’ (el término de Wittgenstein es ‘representación perspicua’, § 122, término que él considera fundamental y que está subrayando el aspecto semiótico de los juegos-de-lenguaje, probablemente porque su aspecto pragmático es obvio) para saber qué estamos haciendo. Por lo tanto, su carácter semiótico es icónico (y no simbólico como lo era el nivel de lenguaje del Tractatus) en el sentido de Peirce y debe ponerse en relación con la ejemplificación desarrollada en la teoría de los símbolos de N. Goodman. Finalmente, se analiza en qué sentido coinciden con los cambios-en-los-hábitos de Peirce o difieren de ellos, siendo éstos los intérpretes lógicos últimos de los signos.
[K. L.]
Relations and 16th-Century Mexican Logic
Authors: Redmond Walter 
Published: March 2020

Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz y sus colegas del siglo XVI analizaban las relaciones lógicas, sintácticas y semánticas, y tenían una teoría ontológica de las relaciones, pero no trabajaban con una leona general1ógica de las relaciones. Sin embargo su investigación de algunos temas, como el de la oración de dobles sujetos/predicados “conjuntadas complexivamente de acepción múltiple” rayaba en una concepción general de la relación.
Ejemplo de tal oración es “Sócrates y Platón disputan”, formalizable en el lenguaje L como “|scp|[d]”. “|scp|” representa el sujeto doble y funciona como un nombre propio. EI predicado “[d]” esta cuantificado particularmente, como es normal en este tipo de oración. Recibe un análisis normal:
1 |scp|[d]
2 |scp|d1 ∨ |scp|d2 ∨ … ∨ |scp|dn|DD.
La semántica es como la de la oración de sujeto/predicado sencillo. Si “sh1” es el disyunto verdadero del análisis de “s[h]”, “Sócrates es un ser humano”, se afirma en él la identidad de “Sócrates” y “este ser humano”, es decir, que “s” y “h”, se refieren a la misma cosa. Así mismo, el disyunto verdadero de “|scp|[d]”, digamos “|scp|[d2]” afirma que “|scp|” y “d2” se refieren a la misma cosa, pero en este caso al par de Sócrates y Platón.
Otros ejemplos de Alonso, como “todo ser humano y todo ángel es binario” muestran como pueden cuantificarse independientemente los términos del sujeto complejo.
Alonso no llegó a la relación pura no tanto porque suponía a menudo un elemento de temporalidad (“disputan a la vez”), sino porque pareció quedarse dentro del marco de los dobles sujetos y predicados. Sin embargo, cuantifico el objeto de una oración con doble sujeto: “Sócrates y Platón llevan-y-llevan una piedra” (|scp|[l][p]”).
En la p. 40 se muestran unas correspondencias aproximadas entre el enfoque escolástico de la oración y uno que podríamos encontrar hoy.
[W.R.]
El trilema de Aristófanes y los presupuestos normativos del diálogo crítico
Authors: Maliandi Ricardo 
Published: March 2020

It is proposed to call “critical dialogue” to a sort of discussion, whose description must be made in terms of the opposition between the speakers subjected to the opposition between the argument, which is developed in the dialogue, and to the difficulty, which is attempted to be solved by means of that argument. So the critical dialogue is characterized by a tendency to unify the argumentative instance; this gives it a reflexive mark. This mark is also showed by another peculiarity of the dialogue, it contains the necessary explanation of its own methodology and logic: the critical dialogue is, partially, a reflection about itself.
The critical dialogue excludes both the dogmatical positions and the skeptical ones, for the first ones remain submerged in monological proceedings, and the second ones have to face the trilemma: they must 1) avoid judging, or 2) commit performative self contradiction, or 3) try to make fun of the other speaker (as it is made by Aristophanes with Socrates in The Clouds). In all these cases the dialogue is interrupted.
The critical dialogue takes for granted not only the validity of the norm which claims that a consensus ought to be reached through the dialogue, but (as every factical consensus is only about some sides of a question in discussion) the validity of the norm, which claims that, in principle the dialogue must always go on.
[R.M.]
Azar y explicación. Algunas observaciones
Authors: Pérez Ransanz Ana Rosa 
Published: March 2020

In the first part of this paper I examine the Hempelian model for the probabilistic explanation of particular events: the inductive-statistical model. Here I focus on an examination of the notion of expectability and the implied requirement of high probability. I intend to show that expectability and high probability, in turn, answer to a deep rooted intuition concerning explanation: given an event E, the same sort of circumstances cannot explain E and -E. This intuition is called here “the basic principle”.
This basic principle is also the ground for the Hempelian thesis that to explain is always to explain why. I think this thesis is wrong and I propose to distinguish between explaining why and explaining how possibly . I discuss the difficulties confronting the statistical-inductive model in the light of the assumptions here examined and suggest possible solutions.
In the second part, I explore those possible solutions, in particular I examine the symmetry principle proposed by Salmon: given an stochastic process, the highly probable results are as well understood as the improbable results. This principle implies the rejection of the basic principle. I claim that the symmetry principle must be restricted to explanations how . Later I discuss the DNP model proposed by Railton and I make some criticisms to it. I try to show that if we make explicit the distinction between explaining why and explaining how in this model, we can restrict clearly the range of applicability of the symmetry principle and the basic principle, I conclude that Railton’s model constitutes an adequate basis to establish the scope and limits of probabilistic explanations of genuinely random events.
Efecto de la temperatura del agua sobre la constante de velocidad de reacción de los contaminantes en un humedal construido para el tratamiento de aguas residuales porcícolas
Authors: De La Mora-Orozco Celia , Saucedo-Terán Rubén Alfonso , González-Acuña Irma Julieta , Gómez-Rosales Sergio , Flores-López Hugo Ernesto 
Published: March 2020

La temperatura es un factor importante en los procesos que se llevan a cabo en los sistemas biológicos. En los humedales la capacidad de remoción de contaminantes está delimitada por factores ambientales. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto de la temperatura del agua sobre la constante de velocidad de reacción de contaminantes en un humedal de flujo superficial construido (HFSC) para la remoción de contaminantes en aguas residuales porcícolas. El HFSC consistió en un canal de 9 m de longitud por 3 m de ancho, recubierto con geo-membrana de alta densidad (4 mm). El lecho del HFSC consistió en una capa de 30 cm de arena y arcilla, con vegetación nativa del área de estudio. Se llevaron a cabo 12 corridas experimentales entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015, con un tiempo de retención hidráulico (TRH) de 10 días. La remoción promedio de la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) fue de 75 y 74 %, el promedio de remoción de nitrógeno (amonio) NH3-N de 65 y 69 %, mientras que el nitrógeno total (NT) presentó promedio de remoción de 69 y 63 %, mientras que la remoción del fósforo total (PT) presentó valores de 75 y 73 % en 2014 y 2015 respectivamente. La temperatura del agua durante la fase experimental osciló entre 13 y 22 °C. La remoción del NH3-N mostró la mayor dependencia de la temperatura del agua con valores de R2=0.8787 en 2014 y R2=0.8957 en 2015. La constante de reacción volumétrica (kv d-1) en 2014 osciló de 0.041 a 0.185 d-1 con una temperatura promedio en el humedal de 13 a 21 °C. Mientras k presentó un valor promedio de 2.60 cm d-1 en 2014, y en 2015 el valor obtenido fue de 3.22 cm d-1. Fue evidente que el valor de kvaumentó conforme la temperatura del agua se incrementó, lo cual indica que este factor tiene un efecto directo en la remoción del NH3-N.