bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming inefficiencies arising due to the impact of the modifiable areal unit problem on single-aggregation disease maps
Authors: Tuson Matthew , Yap Matthew , Kok Mei Ruu , Boruff Bryan , Murray Kevin , Vickery Alistair , Turlach Berwin A. , Whyatt David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
In disease mapping, fine-resolution spatial health data are routinely aggregated for various reasons, for example to protect privacy. Usually, such aggregation occurs only once, resulting in ‘single-aggregation disease maps’ whose representation of the underlying data depends on the chosen set of aggregation units. This dependence is described by the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Despite an extensive literature, in practice, the MAUP is rarely acknowledged, including in disease mapping. Further, despite single-aggregation disease maps being widely relied upon to guide distribution of healthcare resources, potential inefficiencies arising due to the impact of the MAUP on such maps have not previously been investigated.

Results
We introduce the overlay aggregation method (OAM) for disease mapping. This method avoids dependence on any single set of aggregate-level mapping units through incorporating information from many different sets. We characterise OAM as a novel smoothing technique and show how its use results in potentially dramatic improvements in resource allocation efficiency over single-aggregation maps. We demonstrate these findings in a simulation context and through applying OAM to a real-world dataset: ischaemic stroke hospital admissions in Perth, Western Australia, in 2016.

Conclusions
The ongoing, widespread lack of acknowledgement of the MAUP in disease mapping suggests that unawareness of its impact is extensive or that impact is underestimated. Routine implementation of OAM can help avoid resource allocation inefficiencies associated with this phenomenon. Our findings have immediate worldwide implications wherever single-aggregation disease maps are used to guide health policy planning and service delivery.
Primary epithelioid angiosarcoma originating from the mandibular gingiva: a case report of an extremely rare oral lesion
Authors: Komatsu Yuko , Miyamoto Ikuya , Ohashi Yu , Katagiri Katsunori , Saito Daisuke , Obara Mizuki , Takeda Yasunori , Shiga Kiyoto , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Angiosarcoma occurs very rarely in the oral cavity, and the epithelioid type is even rarer. Here, we report a rare case involving an elderly man with a primary epithelioid angiosarcoma that originated from the mandibular gingiva and resembled a dentigerous cyst on radiographs.

Case presentation
A 66-year-old Japanese man visited our hospital with a chief complaint of gingival swelling in right mandibular third molar region. A panoramic radiograph showed bone resorption around the crown of right mandibular third molar, which was impacted. Incisional biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma. The lesion exhibited aggressive proliferation after biopsy resulting in uncontrolled bleeding and difficulty in closing the mouth. Mandibular segmental resection including the tumor was performed without reconstruction. Because of the aggressive preoperative course of the tumor, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. There were no signs of recurrence during a 2-year follow-up period.

Conclusions
A review of the literature yielded only four reported cases of epithelioid angiosarcoma in the jaw region, with the lesions occurring in the maxilla in three cases. To our knowledge, this is the second case of primary epithelioid angiosarcoma in the mandible.
Psychometric investigation of the French version of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI): differentiating patients with psychosis, patients with other psychiatric diagnoses and non-clinical participants
Authors: Golay Philippe , Laloyaux Julien , Moga Mihaela , Della Libera Clara , Larøi Frank , Bonsack Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the prodromal phase of psychosis, individuals may experience an aberrant attribution of salience to irrelevant stimuli. The concept of aberrant salience has been hypothesized to be a central mechanism in the emergence and maintenance of psychosis. The 29-item Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) was designed to measure five aspects of aberrant salience. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version of the ASI comparing patients with psychosis, patients with other diagnosis and healthy, non-clinical participants. The French-language ASI was adapted using the back-translation procedure. Two hundred and eighty-two participants issued from the general population and 150 psychiatric patients were evaluated. Internal validity was assessed using a two-parameter logistic item response model. Reliability was estimated using a test–retest procedure. Convergent validity was estimated using correlations between the ASI scores and several other scales. Sensitivity was evaluated by comparing the scores of participants with a diagnosis of psychosis, patients with other diagnoses and the general population. The best model distinguished three factors: Enhanced Interpretation and Emotionality, Sharpening of Senses and Heightened Cognition. Reliability and convergent validity estimates were good in both groups. The Sharpening of Senses factor was able to discriminate between patients and the general population. Only the Heightened Cognition factor was able to discriminate patients with psychosis from the other psychiatric patients. The ASI is a valid and reliable tool to study not only the aberrant salience phenomenon in patients with psychosis, but also with other diagnoses and within the general population.
Purification, structural analysis, and stability of antioxidant peptides from purple wheat bran
Authors: Zhao Yan , Zhao Qi , Lu Qingyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein derived from purple wheat bran was hydrolyzed sequentially using alcalase proteases for the production of antioxidant peptides. Purple wheat bran protein (PWBP) hydrolysates were fractionated using size-exclusion (G-25) and ion-exchange chromatography methods to identify the structure of antioxidant peptides. The free radical scavenging activity of peptides purified from PWBP hydrolysates was evaluated using superoxide anion radical-scavenging activity and determination assays of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Results demonstrated that purple wheat bran peptide F4-4 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity among other hydrolysates. F4-4 was further identified as Cys-Gly-Phe-Pro-Gly-His-Cys, Gln-Ala-Cys, Arg-Asn-Phe, Ser-Ser-Cys, and Trp-Phe by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) spectrometer coupled with Orbitrap Elite™ mass spectrometer (LC–MS/MS). Antioxidant peptides 2 and 4 showed improved stability when the temperature was lower than 80 °C. These peptides also demonstrated good digestive stability in vitro system by simulating gastrointestinal digestion.
Gene flow from transgenic soybean, developed to obtain recombinant proteins for use in the skin care industry, to non-transgenic soybean
Authors: Kim Do Young , Eom Min Sik , Kim Hye Jin , Ko Eun Mi , Pack In-Soon , Park Jung-Ho , Park Kee Woong , Nam Kyong-Hee , Oh Sung Duk , Kim Jae Kwang , Seo Ju Seok , Kim Chang-Gi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoybean has been recognized as a useful platform for heterologous protein production. This study compared the pollen characteristics of transgenic and non-transgenic soybean and investigated the rate of gene flow from transgenic soybean events, developed to obtain recombinant proteins (such as human epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, or thioredoxin) for use in the skin care industry, to non-transgenic soybean under field conditions, and determined the distance at which gene flow could occur. The lack of significant differences in pollen grain size, viability and pollen germination rates between transgenic and non-transgenic cultivars indicates that the overexpression of transgenes did not alter pollen characteristics in soybean. The highest rates of gene flow from the three transgenic soybean events to non-transgenic soybean ranged from 0.22 to 0.46% at the closest distance (0.5 m). Gene flow was observed up to 13.1 m from the transgenic plots. Our data fell within the ranges reported in the literature and indicate that an isolation distance greater than at least 13 m from transgenic soybean is required to prevent within-crop gene flow in soybean. As the potential markets for transgenic crops as a recombinant protein factory increase, gene flow from transgenic to non-transgenic conventional crops will become a key decision factor for policy makers during the approval process of transgenic crops. Our study may provide useful baseline data for the prevention of transgenic soybean seed contamination caused by transgene flow.
Survey of psychiatrist use of digital technology in clinical practice
Authors: Bauer Rita , Glenn Tasha , Monteith Scott , Whybrow Peter C. , Bauer Michael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Psychiatrists were surveyed to obtain an overview of how they currently use technology in clinical practice, with a focus on psychiatrists who treat patients with bipolar disorder.

Methods
Data were obtained using an online-only survey containing 46 questions, completed by a convenience sample of 209 psychiatrists in 19 countries. Descriptive statistics, and analyses of linear associations and to remove country heterogeneity were calculated.

Results
Virtually all psychiatrists seek information online with many benefits, but some experience information overload. 75.2% of psychiatrists use an EMR/EHR at work, and 64.6% communicate with patients using a new technology, primarily email (48.8%). 66.0% do not ask patients if they use the Internet in relation to bipolar disorder. 67.3% of psychiatrists feel it is too early to tell if patient online information seeking about bipolar disorder is improving the quality of care. 66.3% of psychiatrists think technology-based treatments will improve the quality of care for some or many patients. However, 60.0% of psychiatrists do not recommend technology-based treatments to patients, and those who recommend select a variety of treatments. Psychiatrists use technology more frequently when the patients live in urban rather than rural or suburban areas. Only 23.9% of psychiatrists have any formal training in technology.

Conclusions
Digital technology is routinely used by psychiatrists in clinical practice. There is near unanimous agreement about the benefits of psychiatrist online information-seeking, but research on information overload is needed. There is less agreement about the appropriate use of other clinical technologies, especially those involving patients. It is too early to tell if technology-based treatments or patient Internet activities will improve the quality of care. The digital divide remains between use of technology for psychiatrists with patients living in urban and rural or suburban areas. Psychiatrists need more formal training in technology to understand risks, benefits and limitations of clinical products.
Microfluidic resonators with two parallel channels for independent sample loading and effective density tuning
Authors: Lee Jungchul , Khan Faheem , Thundat Thomas , Lee Bong Jae 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper reports doubly clamped microchannel embedded resonators with two independent and parallel channels integrated for effective sample density tuning for the first time. With the aid of such a unique design, each fluidic channel can be independently accessed thus different liquid samples can be loaded simultaneously. The proposed fluidic resonators are batch fabricated by depositing silicon nitride, polysilicon, and silicon nitride sequentially on top of a set of 4-inch silicon wafers and sacrificing the middle polysilicon layer with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The sacrificial process defines two parallel channels and releases doubly clamped beam resonators simultaneously. In addition, an off-chip vacuum clamp with optical and fluidic access is custom-made to operate each resonator with enhanced quality factor. The microfluidic resonators mounted on the custom vacuum clamp are thoroughly characterized with a laser Doppler vibrometer and used to measure the effective sample density ranging from 395 to 998 kg/m3.
Evaluation of activities of dipteran maggots on a poisoned pig cadaver at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Abajue Maduamaka Cyriacus , Ewuim Sylvanus Chima 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundForensic entomology is evolving intoentomotoxicology, which is a critical approach in forensic toxicology that alternatively assesses presence of toxins in insects that have eaten a decomposing cadaver. Toxic substances in or on a dead body may accumulate in the tissues of fly maggots while feeding on the body and thus may alter their developmental rate. Thus, four out of eight healthy pigs (Sus scrofaLinn.) that weighed on the average 22.3 ± 1.9 kg were sacrificed with zinc phosphide as food poison, while the remaining four pigs were sacrificed by strangulation during the rainy and dry seasons of 2014 and 2015 respectively. Their bodies were deposited in a building to mimic indoor decomposition. The building is on 6° 15′ 18.06″ N and 7° 06′ 41.37″ E at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. The effect of the zinc phosphide on the decomposition duration of the cadavers was monitored. Toxicological assessment of zinc and phosphorus on maggots found on the cadavers was performed with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.FindingsThe zinc phosphide did not affect the decomposition duration of the cadaver and did not prolong or shortened the life cycle of the fly maggots when compared with the control (strangled pig cadaver). For the poisoned cadavers, the atomic absorption spectrophotometer detected zinc in the maggot tissues collected from them while phosphorus was not detected. Neither zinc nor phosphorus was detected in the maggot tissues collected from the strangled cadavers.ConclusionsThe study showed that the zinc component in the zinc phosphide commonly used as rodenticide in Awka can be detected in maggots collected from such a suspected poisoned cadaver. Other implications related to toxicological studies on cadaveric insects in forensic entomology and serving as alternative matrices in forensic toxicology in any questionable death were also highlighted.
Prevalence of stroke in Pakistan: Findings from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa integrated population health survey (KP-IPHS) 2016-17
Authors: Sherin Akhtar , Ul-Haq Zia , Fazid  Sheraz , Shah Basharat Hussain , Khattak Maria Ishaq , Nabi Fazal 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To study the prevalence of stroke and associated risk factors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan.
Methods: This study was a part of cross-sectional KP Integrated Population Health Survey 2016-17 conducted on population aging ≥18 years at 24 districts of KP. Primary (n=1061) and secondary sampling units (n=15724) were developed, based on urban/rural and socio-economic status. Each primary-unit comprised of 250-300 households. Sample was selected through a multi-staged stratified systematic cluster sampling technique by taking every 16th household per rural and every 12th household per urban-unit. A validated “Cincinnati Stroke Scale” for identification of stroke patients in community was used along with demographics and potential risk factors.
Results: Among the 15724 randomly selected households, 22500 participants (51.4% females; 74.6% rural areas, mean age 42±12.6 years) were interviewed. Stroke was identified in 271 cases (137 males, 134 females; Mean age=43.39±0.85 years) and prevalence of stroke was 1.2% (1200 per 100,000 population). Obesity/overweight (38.8%), hypertension (21.8%), smoking (6.6%) and known diabetes mellitus (5.9%) were the common associated risk factors of stroke. Age groups >60 years (adjusted OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.05-2.68); urban area (adjusted OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.29-2.19); unemployment (adjusted OR=3.78; 95% CI: 2.49-5.73) and lower formal (primary) education (adjusted OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.30-3.64) were significantly associated with stroke (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Prevalence of stroke is 1.2% in the province of KP. Obesity, hypertension, smoking and Diabetes Mellitus are the common associated risk factors of stroke. Higher age, urban area, unemployment and lower formal education are significantly associated with stroke.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2824
How to cite this:Sherin A, Ul-Haq Z, Fazid S, Shah BH, Khattak MI, Nabi F. Prevalence of stroke in Pakistan: Findings from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa integrated population health survey (KP-IPHS) 2016-17. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):1435-1440. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2824
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Multifocal Cryoballoon Ablation for Eradication of Barrett's Esophagus-Related Neoplasia: A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Canto Marcia Irene , Trindade Arvind J. , Abrams Julian , Rosenblum Michael , Dumot John , Chak Amitabh , Iyer Prasad , Diehl David , Khara Harshit S. , Corbett F. Scott , McKinley Matthew , Shin Eun Ji , Waxman Irving , Infantolino Anthony , Tofani Christina , Samarasena Jason , Chang Kenneth , Wang Bingkai , Goldblum John , Voltaggio Lysandra , Montgomery Elizabeth , Lightdale Charles J. , Shaheen Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Ablation of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the preferred approach for the treatment of neoplasia without visible lesions. Limited data on cryoballoon ablation (CBA) suggest its potential clinical utility. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of CBA in a multicenter study of patients with neoplastic BE.

METHODS:
In a prospective clinical trial, 11 academic and community centers recruited consecutive patients with BE of 1–6 cm length and low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia (HGD), or intramucosal adenocarcinoma (ImCA) confirmed by central pathology. Patients with symptomatic pre-existing strictures or visible BE lesions had dilation or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), respectively, before enrollment. A nitrous oxide cryoballoon focal ablation system was used to treat all visible columnar mucosa in up to 5 sessions. Study end points included complete eradication of all dysplasia (CE-D) and intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) at 1 year.

RESULTS:
One hundred twenty patients with BE with ImCA (20%), HGD (56%), or low-grade dysplasia (23%) were enrolled. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the CE-D and CE-IM rates were 76% and 72%, respectively. In the per-protocol analysis (94 patients), the CE-D and CE-IM rates were 97% and 91%, respectively. Postablation pain was mild and short lived. Fifteen subjects (12.5%) developed strictures requiring dilation. One patient (0.8%) with HGD progressed to ImCA, which was successfully treated with EMR. Another patient (0.8%) developed gastrointestinal bleeding associated with clopidogrel use. One patient (0.8%) had buried BE with HGD in 1 biopsy, not confirmed by subsequent EMR.

DISCUSSION:
In patients with neoplastic BE, CBA was safe and effective. Head-to-head comparisons between CBA and other ablation modalities are warranted (clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT02514525).
In Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis, Serum Keratin-18 Fragments Are Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Theragnostic Biomarkers
Authors: Atkinson Stephen R. , Grove Jane I. , Liebig Stephanie , Astbury Stuart , Vergis Nikhil , Goldin Robert , Quaglia Alberto , Bantel Heike , Guha Indra Neil , Thursz Mark R. , Newcombe Paul , Strnad Pavel , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Up to 40% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) die within 6 months of presentation, making prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment essential. We determined the associations between serum keratin-18 (K18) and histological features, prognosis, and differential response to prednisolone in patients with severe AH.

METHODS:
Total (K18-M65) and caspase-cleaved K18 (K18-M30) were quantified in pretreatment sera from 824 patients enrolled in the Steroids or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis trial (87 with suitable histological samples) and disease controls.

RESULTS:
K18 fragments were markedly elevated in severe AH and strongly predicted steatohepatitis (alcoholic steatohepatitis) on biopsy (area under receiver operating characteristics: 0.787 and 0.807). Application of published thresholds to predict alcoholic steatohepatitis would have rendered biopsy unnecessary in 84% of all AH cases. K18-M30 and M65 were associated with 90-day mortality, independent of age and Model for End-stage Liver Disease score in untreated patients. The association for K18-M65 was independent of both age and Model for End-stage Liver Disease in prednisolone-treated patients. Modelling of the effect of prednisolone on 90-day mortality as a function of pretreatment serum K18 levels indicated benefit in those with high serum levels of K18-M30. At low pretreatment serum K18 levels, prednisolone was potentially harmful. A threshold of K18-M30 5 kIU/L predicted therapeutic benefit from prednisolone above this level (odds ratio: 0.433, 95% confidence interval: 0.19–0.95, P = 0.0398), but not below (odds ratio: 1.271, 95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.84, P = 0.199). Restricting prednisolone usage to the former group would have reduced exposure by 87%.

DISCUSSION:
In a large cohort of patients with severe AH, serum K18 strongly correlated with histological severity, independently associated with 90-day mortality, and predicted response to prednisolone therapy. Quantification of serum K18 levels could assist in clinical decision-making.