bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minute‐scale detection and probabilistic prediction of offshore wind turbine power ramps using dual‐Doppler radar
Authors: Valldecabres Laura , von Bremen Lueder , Kühn Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPredicting the occurrence of strong and sudden variations in wind power, so‐called ramp events, has become one of the main challenges for the operation of power systems with large shares of wind power. In this paper, we investigate 14 ramp events of different magnitudes and minute‐scale durations observed by a dual‐Doppler radar system at the Westermost Rough offshore wind farm. The identified ramps are characterised using radar observations, turbine data and data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A remote sensing‐based forecasting methodology that propagates wind speeds upstream of wake‐free turbines is extended here to the whole farm, by including corrections for wake effects. The methodology aims to probabilistically forecast the wind turbines' power in the form of density forecasts. The ability to predict ramp events of different magnitudes is evaluated and compared with probabilistic statistical and physical benchmarks. During the observed ramp events, the remote sensing‐based forecasting model strongly outperforms the benchmarks. We show here that remote sensing observations such as radar data can significantly enhance very short‐term forecasts of wind power.
Estimation of clad geometry and corresponding residual stress distribution in laser melting deposition: analytical modeling and experimental correlations
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Arif , Popescu Andrei C. , Hapenciuc Claudiu Liviu , Ristoscu Carmen , Visan Anita Ioana , Oane Mihai , Mihailescu Ion N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLaser melting deposition (LMD) is a promising technology to produce net-shape parts. The deposited layers' characteristics and induced residual stress distribution influence the quality, mechanical, and physical properties of the manufactured parts. In this study, two theoretical models are presented. Initially, the clad geometry of the 1st deposited layer is estimated using the primary process parameters. Then, a hatch distance is used to calculate the re-melting depth and total clad geometry for all the deposited layers. The output of the 1st model is then used as an input in the 2nd model to estimate the residual stress distribution within the substrate and deposited layers. The model, for clad geometry, is validated using published experimental data for the depositions of AISI316L powder debits on AISI321 bulk substrate by the LMD process. For the residual stress distribution model validation, the published experimental results for X-ray diffractometry, in case of AISI4340 steel powder debits depositions on the AISI4140 bulk substrate by the LMD setup, are used. It was found that the current models can estimate the clad geometry and induced residual stress distribution with an accuracy of 10–15 % mean absolute deviation. An optimum selection of hatch distance is necessary for proper energy density utilization and dimensional control stability. The induced residual stress distribution was caused by the heating and cooling mechanisms, which appeared due to rapid heating and moderate cooling, in combination with slow conduction. These phenomena became incrementally iterative with the number of layers to be deposited, thus presenting a direct relationship between the residual stress distribution and the number of layers deposited on the substrate. The proposed models have high computational efficiency without restoring the meshing and iterative calculations. The high prediction accuracy and computational efficiency allow the presented model to investigate further the part distortion, part porosity, life-expectancy and mechanical properties of the part, and process parameter planning.
GABA–glutamate supramammillary neurons control theta and gamma oscillations in the dentate gyrus during paradoxical (REM) sleep
Authors: Billwiller Francesca , Castillo Laura , Elseedy Heba , Ivanov Anton Ivanovich , Scapula Jennyfer , Ghestem Antoine , Carponcy Julien , Libourel Paul Antoine , Bras Hélène , Abdelmeguid Nabila ElSayed , Krook-Magnuson Esther , Soltesz Ivan , Bernard Christophe , Luppi Pierre-Hervé , Esclapez Monique 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSeveral studies suggest that neurons from the lateral region of the SuM (SuML) innervating the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) display a dual GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission and are specifically activated during paradoxical (REM) sleep (PS). The objective of the present study is to characterize the anatomical, neurochemical and electrophysiological properties of the SuML-DG projection neurons and to determine how they control DG oscillations and neuronal activation during PS and other vigilance states. For this purpose, we combine structural connectivity techniques using neurotropic viral vectors (rabies virus, AAV), neurochemical anatomy (immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization) and imaging (light, electron and confocal microscopy) with in vitro (patch clamp) and in vivo (LFP, EEG) optogenetic and electrophysiological recordings performed in transgenic VGLUT2-cre male mice. At the cellular level, we show that the SuML-DG neurons co-release GABA and glutamate on dentate granule cells and increase the activity of a subset of DG granule cells. At the network level, we show that activation of the SuML-DG pathway increases theta power and frequency during PS as well as gamma power during PS and waking in the DG. At the behavioral level, we show that the activation of this pathway does not change animal behavior during PS, induces awakening during slow wave sleep and increases motor activity during waking. These results suggest that the SuML-DG pathway is capable of supporting the increase of theta and gamma power in the DG observed during PS and plays an important modulatory role of DG network activity during this state.
The relation between graphing formulas by hand and students’ symbol sense
Authors: Kop Peter M.G.M. , Janssen Fred J.J.M. , Drijvers Paul H.M. , van Driel Jan H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudents in secondary school often struggle with symbol sense, that is, the general ability to deal with symbols and to recognize the structure of algebraic formulas. Fostering symbol sense is an educational challenge. In graphing formulas by hand, defined as graphing using recognition and reasoning without technology, many aspects of symbol sense come to play. In a previous study, we showed how graphing formulas by hand could be learned. The aim of the study we present here is to explore the relationship between students’ graphing abilities and their symbol sense abilities while solving non-routine algebra tasks. A symbol sense test was administered to a group of 114 grade 12 students. The test consisted of eight graphing tasks and twelve non-routine algebra tasks, which could be solved by graphing and reasoning. Six students were asked to think aloud during the test. The findings show a strong positive correlation between the scores on the graphing tasks and the scores on the algebra tasks and the symbol sense used while solving these tasks. The thinking-aloud protocols suggest that the students who scored high on the graphing tasks used similar aspects of symbol sense in both the graphing and algebra tasks, that is, using combinations of recognizing function families and key features, and qualitative reasoning. As an implication for teaching practice, learning to graph formulas by hand might be an approach to promote students’ symbol sense.
Population assessment and foraging ecology of the rare solitary bee Anthophora retusa at Seaford Head Nature reserve
Authors: Hennessy Georgia , Goulson Dave , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnthophora retusais a rare solitary bee which has declined throughout Britain and other European countries since the 1990s. It is thought to be restricted to five sites in Britain. However, information on these remaining populations is limited. Knowledge on population size, habitat and forage requirements and foraging distance, are important for successful conservation of species. The population of A.retusaat the Seaford Head Nature reserve in East Sussex was surveyed. Transects within the reserve were conducted and population estimates using mark recapture were made for 2018 and 2019. Pollen from foraging females was analysed alongside visual sightings to determine forage requirements. The total population was estimated to be 91 in 2018 (males and females) with an estimated male population of 167 in 2019. The most visited flower species by females wasGlechoma hederacea(66% of visits) but flower preference changed throughout the flight season, shifting to Fabaceae species andIris foetidissimawith 16 plant groups identified in pollen samples. Bees were geographically restricted to a small area within the reserve (approximately 30 ha). Although the exact location of nesting sites was not determined with certainty it is thought nests are in the loess deposits at the top of the inaccessible sea cliff face. This project suggests the presence of appropriate nesting sites may be limiting A.retusadistribution as they appear to forage on common plant species. More research is needed on the exact nesting requirements of the species.Implications for Insect ConservationThe findings from this paper help contribute to the limited understanding of the ecology of this rare and declining species. By knowing the forage requirements of A.retusa, other areas where it is found can ensure these are present within a short distance of nest sites, hopefully ensuring the survival of individual populations and therefore the species.
Nonlinear vibration localisation in a symmetric system of two coupled beams
Authors: Fontanela Filipe , Vizzaccaro Alessandra , Auvray Jeanne , Niedergesäß Björn , Grolet Aurélien , Salles Loïc , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report nonlinear vibration localisation in a system of two symmetric weakly coupled nonlinear oscillators. A two degree-of-freedom model with piecewise linear stiffness shows bifurcations to localised solutions. An experimental investigation employing two weakly coupled beams touching against stoppers for large vibration amplitudes confirms the nonlinear localisation.
Patient and clinician satisfaction and clinical outcomes of Magseed compared with wire-guided localisation for impalpable breast lesions
Authors: Micha Aikaterini E. , Sinnett Victoria , Downey Kate , Allen Steve , Bishop Briony , Hector Lauren R. , Patrick Elaine P. , Edmonds Ruth , Barry Peter A. , Krupa Katherine D. C. , Rusby Jennifer E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Guide-wire localisation remains the most commonly used technique for localisation of impalpable breast lesions in the UK. One alternative is magnetic seed localisation. We aimed to investigate patient and clinician satisfaction in two consecutive cohorts, describe re-excision and positive margin rates, and explore reasons for positive margins and the implications for localisation techniques.

Methods
A single-institution prospective service evaluation of two cohorts of consecutive cases of wire and then Magseed localisation was carried out. Data were collected on patient and clinician satisfaction, clinico-pathological findings, and causes of involved margins. T tests were used to compare continuous variables and Chi-squared test for satisfaction outcomes.

Results
168 consecutive cases used wire-guided localisation (WGL) and 128 subsequent cases used Magseeds. Patients reported less anxiety between localisation and surgery in the Magseed group, and clinicians reported greater ease of use of Magseeds. There were no differences in lesion size, surgical complexity, or re-excision rate between the groups. In a subset of patients receiving standard wide local excision (i.e., excluding mammoplasties), the impact on margin involvement was investigated. There was no significant difference in radiological under-sizing or accuracy of localisation. However, specimen weight and eccentricity of the lesion were statistically significantly lower in the Magseed group. Despite this, re-excision rates were not significantly different (p = 0.4).

Conclusions
This is the first large study of satisfaction with localisation and showed clinician preference for Magseed and a reduction in patient anxiety. It also demonstrated similar positive margin rates despite smaller specimen weights in the Magseed group. Magnetic seed localisation offers an acceptable clinical alternative to guide wire localisation. The impact on local service provision should also be considered.
Real-Time Estimation of Drivers’ Trust in Automated Driving Systems
Authors: Azevedo-Sa Hebert , Jayaraman Suresh Kumaar , Esterwood Connor T. , Yang X. Jessie , Robert Lionel P. , Tilbury Dawn M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrust miscalibration issues, represented by undertrust and overtrust, hinder the interaction between drivers and self-driving vehicles. A modern challenge for automotive engineers is to avoid these trust miscalibration issues through the development of techniques for measuring drivers’ trust in the automated driving system during real-time applications execution. One possible approach for measuring trust is through modeling its dynamics and subsequently applying classical state estimation methods. This paper proposes a framework for modeling the dynamics of drivers’ trust in automated driving systems and also for estimating these varying trust levels. The estimation method integrates sensed behaviors (from the driver) through a Kalman filter-based approach. The sensed behaviors include eye-tracking signals, the usage time of the system, and drivers’ performance on a non-driving-related task. We conducted a study ($$n=80$$

n
=
80

) with a simulated SAE level 3 automated driving system, and analyzed the factors that impacted drivers’ trust in the system. Data from the user study were also used for the identification of the trust model parameters. Results show that the proposed approach was successful in computing trust estimates over successive interactions between the driver and the automated driving system. These results encourage the use of strategies for modeling and estimating trust in automated driving systems. Such trust measurement technique paves a path for the design of trust-aware automated driving systems capable of changing their behaviors to control drivers’ trust levels to mitigate both undertrust and overtrust.
Decay rate of a weakly dissipative viscoelastic plate equation with infinite memory
Authors: Anaya Khaleel , Messaoudi Salim A. , Mustapha Kassem 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a weakly dissipative viscoelastic plate equation with an infinite memory is considered. We show a general energy decay rate for a wide class of relaxation functions. To support our theoretical findings, some numerical illustrations are presented at the end. The numerical solution is computed using the popular finite element method in space, combined with time-stepping finite differences.
Comparison between short segment pedicle screw fixation and long segment pedicle screw fixation for treatment of neglected single level thoracolumbar burst fracture
Authors: Biakto Karya Triko , Usman Andry M. , Limoa William , Putra Luky Tandio 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
In contrast with acute cases, the treatment for thoracolumbar burst fracture remains controversial between short segment and long segment pedicle screw in neglected cases, in which only little investigation is done about the proper treatment.

Methods:
Using cross-sectional study, we assessed all patients with neglected single level thoracolumbar burst fracture underwent short segment or long segment pedicle screw fixation from January 2016 to June 2019 in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar. We analysed the data for neurological status, radiological kyphotic angle correction, hospital length of stay, and postoperative patients’ satisfaction.

Results:
Twenty-one samples were analysed. The mean age of patients was 35 ± 13 years old, consisted of 15 males (71,4%) and 6 females (28,6%). The first lumbar vertebra was the most frequently affected site of a burst fracture (71,4%). Based on ASIA Impairment Scale, the difference was insignificant (p = 0,918). Kyphotic angle correction of less than three degrees, were achieved in 20% of patients treated with short segment fixation, while the long segment counterpart achieved only 12,5%, with p = 0,579. Six out of sixteen patients (37,5%) underwent long segment fixation had poor hospital length of stay (>14 days), while none of the short segments had it, but the difference was insignificant (p = 0,246). Patients’ complain of pain was significant (p = 0,047) in fair category (VAS 3–7).

Conclusion:
There were no significant differences in outcome between short segment and long segment pedicle screw fixation for treatment of patient with neglected single level thoracolumbar burst fracture.

Highlights:
Renewal in Hawkes processes with self-excitation and inhibition
Authors: Costa Manon , Graham Carl , Marsalle Laurence , Tran Viet Chi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the Hawkes processes on the positive real line exhibiting both self-excitation and inhibition. Each point of such a point process impacts its future intensity by the addition of a signed reproduction function. The case of a nonnegative reproduction function corresponds to self-excitation, and has been widely investigated in the literature. In particular, there exists a cluster representation of the Hawkes process which allows one to apply known results for Galton–Watson trees. We use renewal techniques to establish limit theorems for Hawkes processes that have reproduction functions which are signed and have bounded support. Notably, we prove exponential concentration inequalities, extending results of Reynaud-Bouret and Roy (2006) previously proven for nonnegative reproduction functions using a cluster representation no longer valid in our case. Importantly, we establish the existence of exponential moments for renewal times of M/G/$\infty$ queues which appear naturally in our problem. These results possess interest independent of the original problem.
Functional central limit theorems and moderate deviations for Poisson cluster processes
Authors: Gao Fuqing , Wang Yujing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider functional limit theorems for Poisson cluster processes. We first present a maximal inequality for Poisson cluster processes. Then we establish a functional central limit theorem under the second moment and a functional moderate deviation principle under the Cramér condition for Poisson cluster processes. We apply these results to obtain a functional moderate deviation principle for linear Hawkes processes.
Central limit theorems for coupled particle filters
Authors: Jasra Ajay , Yu Fangyuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article we prove new central limit theorems (CLTs) for several coupled particle filters (CPFs). CPFs are used for the sequential estimation of the difference of expectations with respect to filters which are in some sense close. Examples include the estimation of the filtering distribution associated to different parameters (finite difference estimation) and filters associated to partially observed discretized diffusion processes (PODDP) and the implementation of the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) identity. We develop new theory for CPFs, and based upon several results, we propose a new CPF which approximates the maximal coupling (MCPF) of a pair of predictor distributions. In the context of ML estimation associated to PODDP with time-discretization
$\Delta_l=2^{-l}$
,
$l\in\{0,1,\dots\}$
, we show that the MCPF and the approach of Jasra, Ballesio, et al. (2018) have, under certain assumptions, an asymptotic variance that is bounded above by an expression that is of (almost) the order of
$\Delta_l$
(
$\mathcal{O}(\Delta_l)$
), uniformly in time. The
$\mathcal{O}(\Delta_l)$
bound preserves the so-called forward rate of the diffusion in some scenarios, which is not the case for the CPF in Jasra et al. (2017).
Seasonal occurrence and vertical distribution of larval and juvenile northern smoothtongue, Leuroglossus schmidti (Pisces, Bathylagidae), in the western subarctic Pacific
Authors: Kitamura Minoru , Murata Naofumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigated the seasonal occurrence and vertical distribution/migration of larval and juvenile northern smoothtongue, Leuroglossus schmidti (Pisces, Bathylagidae), in oceanic areas of the western subarctic Pacific. This species was the most abundant larval fish and one of the most abundant juvenile/adult fish at the study site. Larval recruitment of this species occurred in early March to mid-October. Larvae were found, however, throughout all seasons, suggesting that some had overwintered. The highest abundance (5.8 individuals m–2) of larvae was in summer. During summer and autumn, hatching mainly occurred at 100–150-m depth and larvae migrated toward the surface with growth. Once larvae reached about 20 mm in length, they moved below 100 m, and larger larvae (over 24 mm) exhibited diel vertical migration. The abundance of juveniles integrated through the water column was relatively constant (0.3 individuals m–2) throughout the study period. They were collected from below 300 m during the day, and part of the population (13–38%) swam into the epipelagic layer at night. The information on early stages of L. schmidti presented here provides a basis for future investigations of mesopelagic fish ecology in oceanic areas of the western subarctic North Pacific Ocean.
Protobooth: gathering and analyzing data on prototyping in early-stage engineering design projects by digitally capturing physical prototypes
Authors: Erichsen Jorgen F. , Sjöman Heikki , Steinert Martin , Welo Torgeir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAiming to help researchers capture output from the early stages of engineering design projects, this article presents a new research tool for digitally capturing physical prototypes. The motivation for this work is to collect observations that can aid in understanding prototyping in the early stages of engineering design projects, and this article investigates if and how digital capture of physical prototypes can be used for this purpose. Early-stage prototypes are usually rough and of low fidelity and are thus often discarded or substantially modified through the projects. Hence, retrospective access to prototypes is a challenge when trying to gather accurate empirical data. To capture the prototypes developed through the early stages of a project, a new research tool has been developed for capturing prototypes through multi-view images, along with metadata describing by whom, why, when, and where the prototypes were captured. Over the course of 17 months, this research tool has been used to capture more than 800 physical prototypes from 76 individual users across many projects. In this article, one project is shown in detail to demonstrate how this capturing system can gather empirical data for enriching engineering design project cases that focus on prototyping for concept generation. The authors also analyze the metadata provided by the system to give understanding into prototyping patterns in the projects. Lastly, through enabling digital capture of large quantities of data, the research tool presents the foundations for training artificial intelligence-based predictors and classifiers that can be used for analysis in engineering design research.