bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived learning difficulty associates with depressive symptoms and substance use among students of higher educational institutions in North Western Ethiopia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Bitew Tesera , Birhan Wohabie , Wolie Demeke 
Published: November 2020

Background
The potential role of perceived learning difficulty on depressive symptoms and substance use in the context of student population was seldom studied. This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived learning difficulty with depressive symptoms and substance use among university students in northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross sectional study was conducted on 710 pre-engineering students. A locally validated version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms at a cut off 5–9 indicating mild depressive symptoms and at a cut off 10 for major depressive symptoms. Perceived difficulty in school work was assessed by items dealing about difficulties in areas of course work. The response alternatives of these items were 0 = not at all, 1 = not so much, 2 = quite much, 3 = very much. The types of substances that students had used in their life and in the last three months were assessed. Negative binomial regression and multinomial regressions were employed to investigate the predictors of number of substance use and depressive symptoms respectively.

Results
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 71.4% (Mild: 30% and Major 41.4%). About 24.6% of participants had the experience of using at least one substance. Increment in perceived difficulties in learning score was associated with more use of substances (aRRR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06), mild level depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.56 and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.26). Every increment in anxiety score was associated with increased risk of mild level of depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17) and major depressive symptoms (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.37). Being male (aRRR = 5.54, 95% CI: 3.28, 9.36), urban residence (aRRR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.62, 3.72) and increment in number of life threatening events (aRRR = 1.143, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) were associated with increased risk of substance use.

Conclusion
Perceived difficulties in learning independently predicted increased depressive symptoms as well as substance use among participants.
Evidence of nickel and other trace elements and their relationship to clinical findings in acute Mesoamerican Nephropathy: A case-control analysis
Authors: Fischer Rebecca S. B. , Unrine Jason M. , Vangala Chandan , Sanderson Wayne T. , Mandayam Sreedhar , Murray Kristy O. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Although there are several hypothesized etiologies of Mesoamerican Nephropathy (MeN), evidence has not yet pointed to the underlying cause. Exposure to various trace elements can cause the clinical features observed in MeN.

Methods and findings
We measured 15 trace elements, including heavy metals, in renal case-patients (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 36) in a MeN high-risk region of Nicaragua. Toenails clippings from study participants were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A case-control analysis was performed, and concentrations were also analyzed over participant characteristics and clinical parameters. Nickel (Ni) concentrations were significantly higher in toenails from cases (1.554 mg/kg [0.176–42.647]) than controls (0.208 mg/kg [0.055–51.235]; p<0.001). Ni concentrations correlated positively with serum creatinine levels (p = 0.001) and negatively with eGFR (p = 0.001). Greater Ni exposure was also associated with higher leukocyte (p = 0.001) and neutrophil (p = 0.003) counts, fewer lymphocytes (p = 0.003), and lower hemoglobin (p = 0.004) and hematocrit (p = 0.011).

Conclusions
Low-dose, chronic environmental exposure to Ni is a possible health risk in this setting. Ni intoxication and resulting systemic and renal effects could explain the clinical signs observed during early MeN. This study provides compelling evidence for a role of Ni in the acute renal impairment observed in this MeN high-risk population. Additional work to assess exposure levels in a larger and heterogeneous population, identify environmental sources of Ni and exposure pathways, and evaluate the link between Ni and MeN pathogenesis are urgently needed.
The immunoglobulin G antibody response to malaria merozoite antigens in asymptomatic children co-infected with malaria and intestinal parasites
Authors: Ndiabamoh Crespo’o Mbe-cho , Ekali Gabriel Loni , Esemu Livo , Lloyd Yukie Michelle , Djontu Jean Claude , Mbacham Wilfred , Bigoga Jude , Taylor Diane Wallace , Leke Rose Gana Fomban 
Published: November 2020

Background
Co-infection with malaria and intestinal parasites is common in children in Africa and may affect their immune response to a malaria parasite infection. Prior studies suggest that co-infections may lead to increased susceptibility to malaria infection and disease severity; however, other studies have shown the reverse. Knowledge on how co-morbidities specifically affect the immune response to malaria antigens is limited. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of co-infection of malaria and intestinal parasites and its association with antibody levels to malaria merozoite antigens.

Methods
A cross sectional study was carried out in two villages with high transmission of malaria in Cameroon (Ngali II and Mfou) where mass drug administration (MDA) had been administered at ~6-month intervals (generally with albendazole or mebendazole). Children aged 1–15 years were enrolled after obtaining parental consent. A malaria rapid diagnostic test was used on site. Four (4) ml of peripheral blood was collected from each participant to determine Plasmodium falciparum infections by microscopy, haemoglobin levels and serology. Fresh stool samples were collected and examined by wet mount, Kato-Katz method and modified Ritchie concentration techniques. A Multiplex Analyte Platform assay was used to measure antibody levels.

Results
A total of 320 children were enrolled. The prevalence of malaria by blood smear was 76.3% (244/320) and prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasites was 16.9% (54/320). Malaria prevalence was highest in young children; whereas, intestinal parasites (IP+) were not present until after 3 years of age. All children positive for malaria had antibodies to MSP142, MSP2, MSP3 and EBA175. No difference in antibody levels in children with malaria-co infections compared to malaria alone were found, except for antibody levels to EBA-175 were higher in children co-infected with intestinal protozoa (p = 0.018), especially those with Entamoeba histolytica infections (p = 0.0026).

Conclusion
Antibody levels to EBA175 were significantly higher in children co-infected with malaria and E. histolytica compared to children infected with malaria alone. It is important to further investigate why and how the presence of these protozoans might modulate the immune response to malaria antigens.
Adiposity, cardiovascular, and health-related quality of life indicators and the reallocation of waking movement behaviors in preschool children with overweight and obesity: An isotemporal data analysis
Authors: Dooley Erin E. , Pettee Gabriel Kelley , Kohl Harold W. , Durand Casey P. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Byrd-Williams Courtney E. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Isotemporal substitution evaluates hypothetical time replacement scenarios of physical movement on health, with few studies conducted among ethnically diverse preschool-aged populations. This study examines the reallocation of waking movement behaviors on adiposity, cardiovascular, and quality of life indicators among low-income, majority Hispanic preschool-aged youth (2–5 years) with overweight.

Methods
Participants wore an ActiGraph monitor (waist) and completed adiposity, cardiovascular, and health-related quality of life health assessments. Covariates included age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The isotemporal substitution approach was employed to address study aims.

Results
Complete data were available for 131 preschoolers. For boys, reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time with light intensity, moderate to vigorous intensity, or total physical activity showed a relation with beneficial reductions in adiposity indicators; for girls, these relations were statistically null. For boys and girls, reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time [-2.2 (95% CI: -3.7, -0.7) mmHg], light intensity [-2.1 (95% CI: -3.7, -0.7) mmHg], or moderate intensity activity [-2.7 (95% CI: -5.0, -0.4) mmHg] to vigorous intensity activity was related to favorable systolic blood pressure. Reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time to moderate to vigorous intensity activity [0.6 (95% CI: -1.0, -0.1) mmHg] or total physical activity [-0.2 (95% CI: -0.3, -0.01) mmHg] was related to lowered systolic blood pressure. Reallocating 5 minutes of stationary time to moderate to vigorous intensity activity [0.6 (95% CI: -1.1, -0.02) bpm] was related to lowered resting heart rate. No significant results for quality of life were found.

Conclusion
Reallocation of time from stationary time to other movement behaviors is associated with several favorable adiposity and cardiovascular health outcomes among preschool children with overweight and obesity.
LSQA Scale: A Tool for Measuring Users’ Perceptions of Service Quality in Libraries
Authors: Dash N. K. , Padhi P. 
Published: November 2020

The main aim of the study is to develop library service quality assessment (LSQA) scale. Both qualitativeand quantitative procedures are used to confirm the reliability and validity of the LSQA scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation is employed to indentify underlying dimensions of service quality of library. The LSQA scale includes four dimensions: (a) library infrastructure/environment, (b) library collection, (c) library services, and (d) library staff, which contains a total of 44 items. The reliability score Cronbach’s alpha for the scale is found to be 0.969, which shows the excellent nature and a strong relationship of each item. The LSQA scale mean and standard deviation is found to be 162.61 and 35.077, respectively. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of sampling adequacy of the scale is found to be 0.932. It is hoped that the LSQA scale could help library professionals and scholars better understand users’ needs, to significantly improve and enhance the service quality of libraries.
Legumain Induces Oral Cancer Pain by Biased Agonism of Protease-Activated Receptor-2
Authors: Tu Nguyen Huu , Jensen Dane D. , Anderson Bethany M. , Chen Elyssa , Jimenez-Vargas Nestor N. , Scheff Nicole N. , Inoue Kenji , Tran Hung D. , Dolan John C. , Meek Tamaryn A. , Hollenberg Morley D. , Liu Cheng Z. , Vanner Stephen J. , Janal Malvin N. , Bunnett Nigel W. , Edgington-Mitchell Laura E. , Schmidt Brian L. 
Published: November 2020

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most painful cancers, which interferes with orofacial function including talking and eating. We report that legumain (Lgmn) cleaves protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) in the acidic OSCC microenvironment to cause pain. Lgmn is a cysteine protease of late endosomes and lysosomes that can be secreted; it exhibits maximal activity in acidic environments. The role of Lgmn in PAR2-dependent cancer pain is unknown. We studied Lgmn activation in human oral cancers and oral cancer mouse models. Lgmn was activated in OSCC patient tumors, compared with matched normal oral tissue. After intraplantar, facial or lingual injection, Lgmn evoked nociception in wild-type (WT) female mice but not in female mice lacking PAR2in NaV1.8-positive neurons (Par2Nav1.8), nor in female mice treated with a Lgmn inhibitor, LI-1. Inoculation of an OSCC cell line caused mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia that was reversed by LI-1.Par2Nav1.8andLgmndeletion attenuated mechanical allodynia in female mice with carcinogen-induced OSCC. Lgmn caused PAR2-dependent hyperexcitability of trigeminal neurons from WT female mice.Par2deletion, LI-1, and inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase or protein kinase A (PKA) prevented the effects of Lgmn. Under acidified conditions, Lgmn cleaved within the extracellular N terminus of PAR2at Asn30↓Arg31, proximal to the canonical trypsin activation site. Lgmn activated PAR2by biased mechanisms in HEK293 cells to induce Ca2+mobilization, cAMP formation, and PKA/protein kinase D (PKD) activation, but not β-arrestin recruitment or PAR2endocytosis. Thus, in the acidified OSCC microenvironment, Lgmn activates PAR2by biased mechanisms that evoke cancer pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most painful cancers. We report that legumain (Lgmn), which exhibits maximal activity in acidic environments, cleaves protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) on neurons to produce OSCC pain. Active Lgmn was elevated in OSCC patient tumors, compared with matched normal oral tissue. Lgmn evokes pain-like behavior through PAR2. Exposure of pain-sensing neurons to Lgmn decreased the current required to generate an action potential through PAR2. Inhibitors of adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A (PKA) prevented the effects of Lgmn. Lgmn activated PAR2to induce calcium mobilization, cAMP formation, and activation of protein kinase D (PKD) and PKA, but not β-arrestin recruitment or PAR2endocytosis. Thus, Lgmn is a biased agonist of PAR2that evokes cancer pain.
Layer- and Cell Type-Specific Response Properties of Gustatory Cortex Neurons in Awake Mice
Authors: Dikecligil Gulce Nazli , Graham Dustin M. , Park Il Memming , Fontanini Alfredo 
Published: November 2020

Studies in visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices have revealed that different cell types as well as neurons located in different laminae display distinct stimulus response profiles. The extent to which these layer and cell type-specific distinctions generalize to gustatory cortex (GC) remains unknown. In this study, we performed extracellular recordings in adult female mice to monitor the activity of putative pyramidal and inhibitory neurons located in deep and superficial layers of GC. Awake, head-restrained mice were trained to lick different tastants (sucrose, salt, citric acid, quinine, and water) from a lick spout. We found that deep layer neurons show higher baseline firing rates (FRs) in GC with deep-layer inhibitory neurons displaying highest FRs at baseline and following the stimulus. GC's activity shows robust modulations before animals' contact with tastants, and this phenomenon is most prevalent in deep-layer inhibitory neurons. Furthermore, we show that licking activity strongly shapes the spiking pattern of GC pyramidal neurons, eliciting phase-locked spiking across trials and tastants. We demonstrate that there is a greater percentage of taste-coding neurons in deep versus superficial layers with chemosensitive neurons across all categories showing similar breadth of tuning, but different decoding performance. Lastly, we provide evidence for functional convergence in GC, with neurons that can show prestimulus activity, licking-related rhythmicity and taste responses. Overall, our results demonstrate that baseline and stimulus-evoked firing profiles of GC neurons and their processing schemes change as a function of cortical layer and cell type in awake mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory cortical areas show a laminar structure, with each layer composed of distinct cell types embedded in different circuits. While studies in other primary sensory areas have elucidated that pyramidal and inhibitory neurons belonging to distinct layers show distinct response properties, whether and how response properties of gustatory cortex (GC) neurons change as a function of their laminar position and cell type remains uninvestigated. Here, we show that there are several notable differences in baseline, prestimulus, and stimulus-evoked response profiles of pyramidal and inhibitory neurons belonging to deep and superficial layers of GC.
Abusive Head Trauma in Day Care Centers
Authors: Rey-Salmon Caroline , de Boissieu Paul , Teglas Jean-Paul , Adamsbaum Catherine 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:Abusive head trauma (AHT) warrants particular attention in terms of prevention. One of the key questions asked is how often AHT occurs in infant day care centers compared with private parental or nonparental homes. To investigate this, we studied the caretaking arrangement and child’s location at the time of injury in a cohort of cases involving AHT from the courts.METHODS:This multicenter retrospective study covering an 18-year period included all medical and court records of 323 children (2.5 months to 3 years) with AHT, confirmed by the authors acting as medical experts. All markers for abuse and forensic written reports were analyzed by using a standardized data collection tool. The usual child care arrangement and the child’s location at the time of injury were noted. The percentage of day care centers found in the study was compared to the expected rate in the French population (19.5%) by using the χ2 test.RESULTS:In 317 AHT cases (98.5%), the assault occurred in a private home (4 in other indoor settings and 1 with missing data). In only 1 case, shaking occurred in a day care center when the nurse was alone with the infant for a few minutes. In 317 cases (98.5%), the usual child care arrangement was by a single adult in charge of 1 or more children.CONCLUSIONS:The fact that AHT is an unusual occurrence in day care centers could help social service agencies make decisions in terms of prevention. Recent government policies regarding stay-at-home orders during a pandemic have given this issue new relevance.
The Yedinoverie Church in the Dnipro Ukraine in the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church (the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries)
Authors: Dianova Natalia 
Published: November 2020

In the presented scientific article, an attempt was made to study the origins of the origin of the Yedinoverie Church in the Dnipro Ukraine, the main stages of its development in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the definition of a place of common faith in the structure of the Russian Orthodox Church. Historical conditions and peculiarities of the emergence of uniformity are analyzed as a form of compromise between the Old Believers and the official Orthodox Church. The role of the Slavonic and Kherson Archbishop Nikifor (Feotoki) in the origin of the common religion and the reaction of the Holy Synod to its actions is examined. The process of creating Yedinoverie Church and the dynamics of its development in different regions of the Dnipro Ukraine is studied. In the context of the topic under consideration, scientific and interest documents are published and archived, which give an opportunity to consider certain aspects of the activities of the clergymen of the faith Edinoverie Church. The attitude of soviet power and the official Orthodox Church to the unity of faith at various stages of the period under investigation is considered. The main criteria of pressure on the Old Believers to join them in the Yedinoverie Church are clarified. It is noted that the activities of the Russian government did not bring the desired results and the number of co-religionists did not increase significantly. The reasons were the unwillingness of the Old Believers to change their spiritual priorities and the disappointment in the activities of the Russian Orthodox Church. With time, already in the first half of the XX century, the Yedinoverie Church, fulfilling its mission of associating schismatics with official Orthodoxy, became an integral part of the Russian Orthodox Church. Its church temples and monasteries gradually changed their status to Orthodox.
Teaching Activity of Maxym Kovalevsky in Paris in the late 19th and early 20th centuries
Authors: Kasianenko Yuliia 
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the teaching activities of M. M Kovalevsky in such institutions of higher education in France as the Free College of Social Sciences, the Higher School of Social Sciences and the Russian Higher School of Social Sciences. Some specific features of scientific activity in different educational institutions were singled out. The attention was paid to the results of the merger of scientific work by M. Kovalevsky with management activity in the Russian high school of social sciences in Paris. The features of teaching lectures to famous scientists are shown. On the basis of available sources, the places of university studies and their subjects are specified. Particular attention is paid to the way of dissemination of scientific works by M. M. Kovalevsky in the form of lecture collections, separate books, reports of conferences, etc. The listed main works that are related to the scientific work of a scientist from 1889 to 1905. Teaching М. М. Kovalevsky in the summits of the capital of France analyzed with the involvement of memoirs of his colleagues, students and friends.
Система кондиціювання повітря на основі випарного охолодження і відкритого абсорбційного циклу
Authors: Дем'яненко Ю.І. , Дорошенко О.В. , Гоголь М.І. 
Published: November 2020

У наш час дефіцит енергії і охорона навколишнього середовища змушують господарників і проектувальників систем кондиціювання до пошуку інших, непарокомпресійних джерел холодопостачання. В статті запропонована система кондиціювання повітря, яка використовує природну нерівноважність атмосферного повітря – психрометричну різницю температур. Проаналізовані процеси прямого та непрямого випарного охолодження повітря стосовно досягнення комфортної зони. На h,d- діаграмі показано, що в результаті прямого випарного охолодження можна досягти області комфорту. Відмічено, що визначальний вплив на ефективність процесу випарного охолодження має вологовміст повітря на вході в апарат. В регіонах, де він високий, вирішальну роль відіграє попереднє осушення повітря. Запропонована альтернативна установка кондиціювання повітря на основі випарного охолодження і попереднього осушення повітря, завдяки чому збільшується психрометрична різниця температур повітря та стає можливим вийти в комфортну зону без застосування парокомпресійного холодильного циклу. Осушення повітря відбувається в абсорбері розчином бромістого літію, для регенерації якого використовується тепло, що виробляється сонячними колекторами. З огляду на те, що в процесі абсорбції температура абсорбенту зростає, в схемі передбачено відведення теплоти абсорбції водою, попередньо охолодженою в градирні. Поставлено задачу досягти після установки стану повітря, близького до температури точки роси, збільшивши таким чином її холодопродуктивність. При цьому слід забезпечити зменшення габаритів установки та витрат енергії на переміщення контактуючих потоків повітря, води та розчину абсорбенту. Всі тепломасообмінні апарати в установці виконані за поперечною схемою на основі регулярної насадки. Такий підхід дозволив мінімізувати аеродинамічний опір апаратів та їх габарити. Розроблена схема сонячної системи кондиціювання повітря (ССКП) запропонована для кондиціювання одного із супермаркетів
Décolonialisme méthodologique
Authors: Levy Joseph 
Published: November 2020

La décolonisation méthodologique vise à remettre en question les perspectives occidentalocentrées dans le champ théorique, méthodologique et éthique. Cette déconstruction permettra de développer un agenda de recherche qui tient compte des visions du monde des groupes marginalisés, ce que des chartes provenant de plusieurs régions du globe reconnaissent explicitement.