bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doing more with movement: constituting healthy publics in movement volunteering programmes
Authors: Tupper Emily , Atkinson Sarah , Pollard Tessa M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent phenomenon of movement volunteering programmes is a form of ‘fitness philanthropy’ that combines exercise with volunteering in order for physical activity to generate a more widely shared set of benefits. These newest practices of fitness philanthropy radically rework both exercise and volunteering through the ways in which these come together and take place outdoors and in the everyday spaces of the street or community. The paper explores these new practices through the movement volunteering programme ‘GoodGym’, in relation to the concept of ‘healthy publics’. Fieldwork comprised ethnography, including participant observation, interviews, go-along interviews, conversations, photography and an end of fieldwork discussion workshop. We focus on the experiences of three different constituencies in GoodGym: the volunteers; the participants and passers-by; the space and atmosphere. The formation of these dynamic, multiple and shifting healthy publics emerge through the complex intersections of several processes. We draw particular attention to the centrality in the new fitness philanthropy practices of visibility and spectacle, sociality and merging mobilities in constituting healthy publics.
Two Englishes diverged in the Philippines?
Authors: Gonzales Wilkinson Daniel Wong , Hiramoto Mie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although World Englishes (WE) scholarship is concerned with the study of English varieties in different social
contexts, there is a tendency to treat postcolonial ones as homogenous regional phenomena (e.g., Philippine English). Few
researchers have discussed variation and social differentiation in detail with empirical evidence. Thus, in order to understand
how layers of different varieties of WE operate within a specific group of speakers, this study takes an empirical intergroup
approach from a substratist framework. This study explores distinctive features of a metropolitan Manila variety of Chinese
English used in the Philippines, Manila Chinese English (MCE), an English contact variety used by Manila Chinese Filipinos. After
comparing the frequencies of selected features observed in a 52,000-word MCE database with frequencies in Manila English and
American English corpora, this study found that a distinct variety – MCE – most likely emerged in the 1960s due to the extensive
contact between general Manila English and local tongues of Chinese Filipinos such as (Hybrid) Hokkien and Tagalog, which function
as MCE’s substrate languages. This study takes into account MCE’s structure, sources, and genesis, and discusses MCE in relation
to Philippine English as positioned in Schneider’s dynamic model, to demonstrate how intergroup variations coexist but take
divergent paths within a WE variety.
Machine learning-assisted cross-domain prediction of ionic conductivity in sodium and lithium-based superionic conductors using facile descriptors
Authors: Xu Yijie , Zong Yun , Hippalgaonkar Kedar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Solid state lithium- and sodium-ion batteries utilize solid ionically conducting compounds as electrolytes. However, the ionic conductivity of such materials tends to be lower than their liquid counterparts, necessitating research efforts into finding suitable alternatives. The process of electrolyte screening is often based on a mixture of domain expertise and trial-and-error, both of which are time and resource-intensive. In this work, we present a novel machine-learning based approach to predict the ionic conductivity of sodium and lithium-based SICON compounds. Using primarily theoretical elemental feature descriptors derivable from tabulated information on the unit cell and the atomic properties of the components of a target compound on a limited dataset of 70 NASICON-examples, we have designed a logistic regression-based model capable of distinguishing between poor and good superionic conductors with a validation accuracy of over 84%. Moreover, we demonstrate how such a system is capable of cross-domain classification on lithium-based examples with the same accuracy, despite being introduced to zero lithium-based compounds during training. Through a systematic permutation-based evaluation process, we reduced the number of considered features from 47 to 7, reduction of over 83%, while simultaneously improving model performance. The contributions of different electronic and structural features to overall ionic conductivity is also discussed, and contrasted with accepted theories in literature. Our results demonstrate the utility of such a facile tool in providing opportunities for initial screening of potential candidates as solid-state electrolytes through the use of existing data examples and simple tabulated or calculated features, reducing the time-to-market of such materials by helping to focus efforts on promising candidates. Given enough data utilizing suitable descriptors, high accurate cross-domain classifiers could be created for experimentalists, improving laboratory and computational efficiency.
Distribution of small seasonal reservoirs in semi-arid regions and associated evaporative losses
Authors: Mady Bassem , Lehmann Peter , Gorelick Steven M , Or Dani 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To support the increasing demand of a growing population for freshwater, small-sized (<0.1 km2) water reservoirs are necessary in areas with limited infrastructure, especially in water-stressed regions having seasonal and variable precipitation. Seasonal storage in small reservoirs is often overlooked in present inventories. Accordingly, we assessed the current state in semi-arid regions using highly resolved Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Globally, about 3 million small reservoirs are in operation in semi-arid regions having a total water surface area of 17 800 km2 and seasonal storage of 37 km3, supporting 15% of the world’s population in semi-arid regions. Estimated upper-bound of evaporative losses represent 38% (14 km3) of storage during dry season. The study estimates the evaporation suppression using floating covers and lays foundation to assess the feasibility of this technical solution to increase water savings.

Significance and originality statement

This study provides new insights into the distribution of seasonal freshwater storage in water stressed regions that support large rural population. We provide the first baseline dataset of this distributed freshwater resource to better assess the sustainability of communities in semi-arid regions with chronic water shortages. Water storage in semi-arid regions is subject to potential evaporative losses of nearly 40% of the stored water. We analyzed conditions where evaporative losses could be significantly reduced using floating covers, a simple and scalable solution suitable for regions with underdeveloped economies. The study as well ranks regions with highest potential benefits from evaporation suppression measures.
Miniature, metal 3D-printed, multiplexed electrohydrodynamic gas pumps
Authors: Sun Zumei , Velásquez-García Luis Fernando 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of the first additively manufactured, miniature, metal multi-needle ionic wind pumps in the literature. The pumps are needle-ring corona diodes composed of a monolithic inkjet binder-printed active electrode, made in stainless steel 316L, with five sharp, conical needles, and a thin plate counter-electrode, made in copper, with electrochemically etched apertures aligned to the needle array; by applying a large bias voltage across the diode, electrohydrodynamically driven airflow is produced. The influence of tip multiplexing and tip sharpening on the ion current, airflow velocity, volumetric flow rate, and kinetic conversion efficiency of the pumps was characterized under different interelectrode separations, counter-electrode aperture diameters, and applied bias voltages, while triggering a negative corona discharge. At the optimal operating bias voltage (7.4 kV), the as-printed five-needle ionic wind pumps eject air at 2.66 m s−1 and at a volumetric flow rate of 316 cm3 s−1 –a twofold larger than the flow rate of an as-printed single-needle device and with 35% higher efficiency (i.e. 0.27%). Using a two-step electropolishing procedure, the needles of the active electrode can be uniformly sharpened down to 83.4 μm average tip diameter, i.e. about one quarter of their as-printed dimension (∼300 μm). Operated under the same conditions, the electropolished five-needle pumps eject air at 3.25 m s−1, i.e. 22% higher speed compared to the as-printed devices, with the same kinetic conversion efficiency. A two-module model was built in COMSOL Multiphysics, consisting of a three-species corona discharge module and a gas dynamics module, to gain insights into the operation of the pumps and to determine trends for increasing device performance. The electrohydrodynamic (EHD) body force calculated using this model has the same periodic behaviour of the Trichel pulse current. A time-dependent EHD body force analysis was performed, and the stabilized forces averaged over a multiple of the Trichel pulse period were used to predict the large-timescale airflow. The EHD force from the corona simulation can be rescaled to calculate the flow at different bias voltages, greatly reducing the simulation time, and making possible to systematically study the relevant parameters and optimize the design of the air pump. The experimental data agree with the simulation results and the reduced-order modelling.
Occupational Asthma and Its Causation in the UK Seafood Processing Industry
Authors: Mason Howard J , Carder Melanie , Money Annemarie , Evans Gareth , Seed Martin , Agius Raymond , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The processing of seafood (fish and shellfish) for human consumption can lead to health consequences, including occupational asthma (OA). Several non-UK studies have reported both respiratory outcomes and airborne levels of major allergens in seafood processing. However, there is a paucity of such evidence in the UK land-based seafood processing sector, which employs some 20 000 workers.

Methods
University of Manchester’s Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (SWORD) reporting system has been interrogated over the period 1992–2017 to define the incidence rate of OA cases that can be ascribed to the UK land-based processing sector, and the seafood species implicated. Airborne allergen monitoring data undertaken at Health and Safety Executive’s laboratory from 2003 to 2019 have also been collated.

Results
The estimated annual OA incidence rate in seafood processors was 70 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 48.9, 91.1] per 100 000 workers compared with 2.9 (95% CIs 2.8, 3.1) in ‘all other industries’. The annual calculated percentage trend in OA (1992–2017) was −8.1% (95% CIs −15.9, 0.4) in seafood processing showing a similar trend to ‘all other industries’ (mean −7.0%; 95% CIs −7.8, −6.1). Prawns and salmon/trout were notably implicated by SWORD as causative species related to OA. There is a general paucity of available UK airborne allergen monitoring data, particularly concerning processing salmon or trout. Available airborne monitoring for salmon parvalbumin in seven processors ranged between the limit of detection and 816 ng m−3 (n = 64). Available air monitoring levels of the major shellfish allergen (tropomyosin) during processing of crabs and prawns ranged between 1 and 101 600 ng m−3 (n = 280), highlighting that high levels of exposure can occur.

Conclusions
These data show an excess incidence of OA in the UK seafood processing industry during 1992–2017, with limited airborne monitoring data for the processing of prawn, crab, and salmon suggesting that significant exposure to major seafood allergens can occur in this industry. Further investigation of current levels of respiratory ill-health and the sources of allergen exposure are warranted.
Modelling temporal biomarkers with semiparametric nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Sun Ming , Zeng Donglin , Wang Yuanjia 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Dynamical systems based on differential equations are useful for modelling the temporal evolution of biomarkers. Such systems can characterize the temporal patterns of biomarkers and inform the detection of interactions between biomarkers. Existing statistical methods for dynamical systems deal mostly with single time-course data based on a linear model or generalized additive model. Hence, they cannot adequately capture the complex interactions between biomarkers; nor can they take into account the heterogeneity between systems or subjects. In this article, we propose a semiparametric dynamical system based on multi-index models for multiple-subjects time-course data. Our model accounts for between-subject heterogeneity by incorporating system-level or subject-level covariates into the dynamical systems, and it allows for nonlinear relationships and interactions between the combined biomarkers and the temporal rate of each biomarker. For estimation and inference, we consider a two-step procedure based on integral equations from the proposed model. We propose an algorithm that iterates between estimation of the link function through splines and estimation of the index parameters, and which allows for regularization to achieve sparsity. We prove model identifiability and derive the asymptotic properties of the estimated model parameters. A benefit of our approach is the ability to pool information from multiple subjects to identify the interactions between biomarkers. We apply the method to analyse electroencephalogram data for patients affected by alcohol dependence. The results provide new insights into patients’ brain activities and demonstrate differential interaction patterns in patients compared to control subjects.
Reducing the Use of Imprisonment: Lessons from 20 years’ experience in Canada
Authors: Reid Andrew A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn order to reduce or constrain prison populations, many different strategies have been proposed, trialled, or implemented. In 1996, Canada created the first and, to date, most ambitious home confinement sanction, the Conditional Sentence of Imprisonment (CSI). This study tracks annual changes to correctional admissions since the introduction of the sanction to assess whether it has reduced custodial admissions for Aboriginal offenders. There is evidence that the CSI had a modest decarceration effect overall and for Aboriginal offenders specifically. These effects were strongest in the initial years after the sanction was introduced, with waning performance in the most recent decade. The decarceration effects have not been erased but nor has the serious problem of over-incarceration among Aboriginal offenders.
Medicine and the Common Good in the Aristotelian-Thomistic Tradition
Authors: Karches Kyle E 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Whereas bioethicists generally consider medicine a practice aimed at the individual good of each patient, in this paper I present an alternative conception of the goods of medicine. I first explain how modern liberal political theory gives rise to the predominant view of the medical good and then contrast this understanding of politics with that of Thomas Aquinas, informed by Aristotle. I then show how this Christian politics is implicit in certain aspects of contemporary medical practice and argue that Christians ought to draw more attention to this point in order to direct medicine toward the common good.
The Right to Benefit from Science and Its Implications for Genomic Data Sharing
Authors: Yotova Rumiana , Knoppers Bartha M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The right to benefit from science and its applications is one of the least studied, discussed and applied human rights. In the current time of globalization, characterized by the rapid advancement of science and its technological applications, as well as by increased flows of scientific data, there is a growing need to fully awaken the right of everyone to enjoy the benefits of science. This would enable science to better serve the humanitarian purposes of the law as well as foster scientific and technological development through data sharing. This article contributes to the awakening of the right by exploring it doctrinally with the aim of ascertaining its normative content by reference to the preparatory works of Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and, especially, the subsequent state practice in its application. Based on the evidence, it will be argued that, today, the right to benefit from science has two aspects – first, the right to access scientific knowledge and information and, second, the right to benefit from scientific applications. It will be shown that the first aspect of the right is increasingly reflected in the practice of states and international organizations and has important implications for the regulation and sharing of big genomic data.
Periprocedural, early, and long-term risks of pacemaker implantation after atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia ablation: a French nationwide cohort
Authors: Decroocq Marie , Rousselet Louis , Riant Margaux , Norberciak Laurène , Viart Guillaume , Guyomar Yves , Graux Pierre , Maréchaux Sylvestre , Germain Marysa , Menet Aymeric 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Pacemaker implantation (PI) after atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT) ablation is a dreadful complication. We aimed to assess periprocedural, early, and late risks for PI.

Methods and results
All 27 022 patients who underwent latest AVNRT ablation in France from 2009 to 2017, were identified in the nationwide medicalization database. A control group of 305 152 patients hospitalized for arm, leg, or skin injuries with no history of AVNRT or supraventricular tachycardia were selected. After propensity score matching, both groups had mean age of 53 ± 18 years and were predominantly female (64%). During this 9-year period, 822 of 27 022 (3.0%) AVNRT patients underwent PI, with significant higher risk in propensity-matched AVNRT patients compared to propensity-matched controls [2.9% vs. 0.9%; hazard ratio 3.4 (2.9–3.9), P &lt; 0.0001]. This excess risk was significant during all follow-up, including periprocedural (1st month), early (1–6 months), and late (&gt;6 months) risk periods. Annualized late risk per 100 AVNRT patients was 0.2%. In comparison to controls, excess risk was 0.2% in &lt;30-year-old AVNRT patients; 0.7% in 30–50-year-old; 1.1% in 50–70-year-old and 6.5% over 70-year-olds. Risk for PI was also significantly different according to three procedural factors: centres, experience, and ablation date, with a 30% decrease since 2015.

Conclusion
Periprocedural, early, and late risks for PI were higher after AVNRT ablation compared to propensity-matched controls. Longer follow-up is needed as the excess risk seems to persist late after AVNRT ablation.
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Nematode Zona Pellucida (ZP) Modules Reveals Disulfide-Bond Reshuffling and Standalone ZP-C Domains
Authors: Weadick Cameron J 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Zona pellucida (ZP) modules mediate extracellular protein–protein interactions and contribute to important biological processes including syngamy and cellular morphogenesis. Although some biomedically relevant ZP modules are well studied, little is known about the protein family’s broad-scale diversity and evolution. The increasing availability of sequenced genomes from “nonmodel” systems provides a valuable opportunity to address this issue and to use comparative approaches to gain new insights into ZP module biology. Here, through phylogenetic and structural exploration of ZP module diversity across the nematode phylum, I report evidence that speaks to two important aspects of ZP module biology. First, I show that ZP-C domains—which in some modules act as regulators of ZP-N domain-mediated polymerization activity, and which have never before been found in isolation—can indeed be found as standalone domains. These standalone ZP-C domain proteins originated in independent (paralogous) lineages prior to the diversification of extant nematodes, after which they evolved under strong stabilizing selection, suggesting the presence of ZP-N domain-independent functionality. Second, I provide a much-needed phylogenetic perspective on disulfide bond variability, uncovering evidence for both convergent evolution and disulfide-bond reshuffling. This result has implications for our evolutionary understanding and classification of ZP module structural diversity and highlights the usefulness of phylogenetics and diverse sampling for protein structural biology. All told, these findings set the stage for broad-scale (cross-phyla) evolutionary analysis of ZP modules and position Caenorhabditis elegans and other nematodes as important experimental systems for exploring the evolution of ZP modules and their constituent domains.
Evaluation of the Haemophilus influenzae EUCAST and CLSI disc diffusion methods to recognize aminopenicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance
Authors: Fernando S A , Pang S , McKew G L , Phan T , Merlino J , Coombs G W , Gottlieb T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Implementation of EUCAST susceptibility testing in an Australian hospital laboratory demonstrated higher rates of aminopenicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance in Haemophilus influenzae than previously recognized. This study aimed to better define the variability in the detection of β-lactam resistance based on EUCAST and CLSI disc diffusion (DD) methodology, by comparison with the recommended reference method, broth microdilution (BMD), and by concordance with genomic analysis.

Methods
A total of 100 random H. influenzae isolates were assessed for ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate susceptibility by EUCAST and CLSI DD and BMD. WGS was used to analyse the ftsI gene of a subset of isolates with β-lactam resistance, other than that due to isolated β-lactamase production.

Results
Of the 100 isolates, 32 were categorized as either β-lactamase negative, ampicillin resistant (BLNAR) (n = 18) or β-lactamase positive, amoxicillin/clavulanate resistant (BLPACR) (n = 14) by EUCAST DD. All 18 EUCAST BLNAR isolates were genotypically confirmed by WGS. Five of 18 BLNAR isolates were concordant by CLSI DD, 12 by EUCAST BMD and 4 by CLSI BMD. Nine of 14 EUCAST BLPACR isolates were confirmed by WGS; the remaining 5 were 1 mm below the EUCAST DD breakpoint. Only one isolate was detected as BLPACR by CLSI DD. Group III mutations associated with high-level ampicillin resistance were identified in 10/32 isolates.

Conclusions
The EUCAST DD susceptibility method is more reliable than either CLSI or BMD for the detection of genotypically defined BLNAR resistance. However, accurate categorization of amoxicillin/clavulanate resistance remains problematic. Continuous and reproducible surveillance of resistance is needed; for this to be possible, robust susceptibility methods are required.
US Supreme Court holds willfulness unnecessary for award of profits in trade mark infringement case
Authors: McDonald Bruce 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Romag Fasteners, Inc v Fossil, Inc, No 18–1233, --- S.Ct. ----, 2020 WL 1942012 (23 April 2020)
On 23 April 2020, the US Supreme Court held that a trade mark infringement plaintiff is not required to prove that a defendant acted ‘willfully’ in order to recover profits as an equitable remedy under section 35(a) of the Federal Trademark Act of 1946 (the ‘Lanham Act’), 15 USC s 1117(a).