bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Completion among People Living with HIV Attended Care and Treatment Clinics from 2013 to 2017 in Dar es Salaam Region,Tanzania. A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Robert Masanja , Todd Jim , Ngowi Bernard J , Msuya Sia , Ramadhani Angella , Sambu Veryhel , Jerry Isaya , Mujuni Martin R , Mahande Michael J , Ngocho James S , Maokola Werner 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease is a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV (PLHIV). WHO recommends at least six months of isoniazid Preventive Therapy (IPT) to reduce the risk of active TB. It is important to monitor completion of IPT, as a suboptimal dose may not protect PLHIV from TB infection. This study determined IPT completion and its determinants among PLHIV aged 15 years or more in Dar es Salaam region, Tanzania. Methods: A Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using secondary analysis of routine data from 58 care and treatment clinics in Dar es Salaam region. The study recruited clients who screened negative for TB symptoms and initiated IPT between January 2013 and June 2017. Modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for factors associated with IPT completion. Multilevel analysis was used to account the health facility random effects in order to estimate independent factors associated with IPT completion. Results : A total of 29,382 clients were initiated on IPT, with 21,808 (74%) female. Overall 17,092 (58%) completed IPT, increasing from 42% (773/1,857) in year 2013 to 76% (2,929/3,856) in 2017. Multilevel multivariable model accounting for health facility as clusters, found that clients with CD4 counts between 100 to 349 cells/ had 3% lower prevalence of IPT completion as compared to those with 100 cells/ (PR:0.97: 95%CI:0.94-1.01). Patients who were not on ART had 46% lower IPT completion compared to those were on ART (PR: 0.54: 95%CI: 0.45-0.64). There was lower IPT completion among clients who transferred to another clinic compared to those attended the same clinic where they were initiated IPT (PR: 0.63: 95% CI (0.54-0.74). Conclusion: IPT completion is low at care and treatment clinics although it increased over time. Lower IPT completion was seen in PLHIV with CD4 counts between 100 to 349 cells/ , those who transferred to other clinics and those not on ART. Thus it indicates the need for better IPT interventions with greater support PLHIV in those groups.
Serum Lipids Profiling Perturbance in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Lin , Wang Liang , Deng Yangyang , Sun Lizhe , Low Bowen , Yuan Zuyi , Wu Yue , Zhou Bo , Liu Junhui , She Jianqing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischemic heart disease(IHD) is a common cardiovascular disorder associated with inadequate blood supply to the myocardium. Chronic coronary ischemia leads to ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Despite their rising prevalence and morbidity, few studies have discussed the lipids alterations in these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed serum lipids profile in IHD and ICM patients using a lipidomics approach. Consecutive patients admitted to the hospital for stable IHD and ICM were enrolled. Serum samples were obtained after overnight fasting. Nontargeted metabolomics was applied to demonstrate lipids metabolic profile in control, stable IHD and ICM patients. Results: A total of 63 and 62 lipids were detected in negative and positive ion mode respectively. Among them, 16:0 Lyso PI, 18:1 Lyso PI in negative ion mode, and 19:0 Lyso PC, 12:0 SM d18:1/12:0, 15:0 Lyso PC, 17:0 PC, 18:1-18:0 PC in positive ion mode were significantly altered both in IHD and ICM as compared to control. 13:0 Lyso PI, 18:0 Lyso PI, 16:0 PE, 14:0 PC DMPC, 16:0 ceramide, 18:0 ceramide in negative ion mode, and 17:0 PE, 19:0 PC, 14:0 Lyso PC, 20:0 Lyso PC, 18:0 PC DSPC, 18:0-22:6 PC in positive ion mode were significantly altered only in ICM as compared to IHD and control. Conclusion: Using non-targeted metabolomic profiling, we have successfully identified a group of circulating lipids that were significantly altered in stable IHD and ICM. The lipids metabolic signatures shed light on potential new biomarkers and therapeutics for preventing and treating ICM.
Prescribing antidepressants and anxiolytic medications to pregnant women: Comparing perception of risk of foetal teratogenicity between Australian Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, Speciality trainees and upskilled General Practitioners
Authors: Williams Summer , Bruxner George , Ballard Emma , Kothari Alka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The decision of whether to prescribe antidepressants (AD) and anxiolytics (AX) to pregnant women is complex, with serious potential ramifications. Clinicians’ perception of the risk of teratogenicity significantly influences their prescribing decisions and in turn impacts maternal decision making. Our cross-sectional study sought to discern differences in perceived risk between Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (O&Gs) and General Practitioners (GPs) when prescribing these medications in pregnancy. Furthermore, we investigated factors impacting perception, clinicians’ willingness to prescribe and their approach to provision of patient information. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted via a nation-wide online SurveyMonkey extended to Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) database-derived affiliates: GP diplomates, fellows and trainees (5409 survey invitations: 545 respondents). O&Gs and GPs were compared using Pearson Chi-squared test for categorical variables and the Student t-test for continuous variables. Results: GPs reported higher rates of being aware of up-to-date medication prescription recommendations (57.6%) compared with O&Gs (44.2%). GPs also reported higher rates of training adequacy in psychotropic prescription (56.1% versus 29.0%). There was evidence to suggest GPs level of confidence in knowledge base, initiation and prescription of AD and AX was higher than those of O&Gs. The mean perception of patient non-compliance was similar between clinician groups (approximately 35%), but GPs perceived the extent of patient anxiety as higher compared to O&Gs (mean 73.7% (SD 21.3) versus 63.1% (SD 24.1), p<0.001). Both groups showed a strong preference for improved training rather than patient-focused technology (above 70% for both groups). Conclusion: Further development of clinician training in perinatal psychotropic prescription is warranted.
Detection of Mycobacteria in Paraffin-Embedded Ziehl–Neelsen-Stained Tissues using Digital Pathology
Authors: Sua Luz Fernanda , Bolaños Jhon Edwar , Maya Juliana , Sanchez Aura , Medina Giovanna , Zúñiga-Restrepo Valeria , Fernández-Trujillo Liliana 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is the first infection-related cause of death worldwide. Early diagnosis of paucibacillary tuberculosis represents a challenge, even with direct tissue examination. Digital pathology allows the digital analysis of tissues to identify microorganisms. We aim to develop a program to detect and quantify typical and atypical mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded Ziehl–Neelsen-stained tissues. Methods Program development: The building of the program, named Pat-Scan, included pathology, systems engineering, and scientific applications. The iScan Coreo Au scanner® was used, and 9 variables were adjusted: Temp Directory Path, Output Directory Path, Server Path, Focus Approach, Focus Mode, AOI Detection Approach, Scan at, No. of Z Layers, and Z Delta. Software parameter settings : Brightness, contrast, sharpness, and red/green/blue. Control module scan and analysis : Ten Ziehl–Neelsen-stained samples were fragmented into 2,000 images and analyzed by a multidisciplinary team to validate the reproducibility of the bacilli images in the tissue, as detected by the software. Results Pat-Scan included software and a scanner that were used to detect and quantify bacilli in paraffin-embedded Ziehl–Neelsen-stained tissues. HD quality image segmentation was performed, and nine planes of the Z-axis were scanned with a 1-micron distance between planes. Image magnification: 40x–80x. Scan time: 10–12 minutes. All samples containing mycobacteria were successfully analyzed by the scanner, and the bacilli could be detected; these results were validated by expert pathologists by microscopy examination, and the presence of bacilli was confirmed in all cases. Conclusions Pat-Scan allowed the identification and quantification of mycobacteria in paraffin-embedded Ziehl–Neelsen-stained tissues, offering a reproducible diagnostic method that reduces the time for diagnosis and does not affect precision. Further validation is needed for application in the clinical setting.
Taxonomic scheme of the order Chaetophorales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) based on Chloroplast genomes
Authors: Author) Benwen Liu(Former Corresponding , Hu Yu Xin , Hu Zheng Yu , Liu Guo Xiang , Author) Huan Zhu(New Corresponding 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Order Chaetophorales currently includes six families, namely Schizomeridaceae, Aphanochaetaceae, Barrancaceae, Uronemataceae, Fritschiellaceae, and Chaetophoraceae. The phylogenetic relationships of Chaetophorales have been inferred primarily through phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences. Most studies have primarily focused on intergeneric phylogenetic relationships within this order and the phylogenetic relationships with four other Chlorophycean orders (Chaetophorales, Chaetopeltidales and Oedogoniales, and Volvocales). The phylogenetic relationships among families in order Chaetophorales remain unclear. This study aimed to phylogenetically reconstruct order Chaetophorales and determine the taxonomic scheme and to further the current understanding of the evolution of order Chaetophorales .
Results: In the present study, seven complete and five fragmentary chloroplast genomes
were harvested. Phylogenomic and comparative genomic analysis were performed to determine the taxonomic scheme within Chaetophorales. Consequently, Oedogoniales was found to be a sister to a clade linking Chaetophorales and Chaetopeltidales. Schizomeriaceae, and Aphanochaetaceae clustered into a well-resolved basal clade in Chaetophorales, inconsistent with the results of phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequences. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Schizomeriaceae and Aphanochaetaceae were highly conserved and homologous, highlighting the closest relationship in this order. Germination types of zoospores precisely correlated with the phylogenetic relationships.
Conclusions: chloroplast genome structure analyses, synteny analyses, and zoospore germination analyses were concurrent with phylogenetic analyses based on the chloroplast genome, and all of them robustly determined the unique taxonomic scheme of Chaetophorales and the relationships of Oedogoniales, Chaetophorales, and Chaetopeltidales.
Genomic Characterization of an Emerging Enterobacteriaceae Species: the First Case of Co-infection With a Typical Pathogen in a Human Patient
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Daixi , shi xing , Zhai Yao , Guo Yatao , Zheng Yali , Zhao Lili , He Yukun , Chen Yusheng , Wang Zhanwei , Su Jianrong , Kang Yu , Gao Zhancheng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Opportunistic pathogens are important for clinical practice as they often cause antibiotic-resistant infections. However, little is documented for many emerging opportunistic pathogens and their biological characteristics. Here, we isolated a strain of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from a patient with a biliary tract infection. We explored the biological and genomic characteristics of this strain to provide new evidence and detailed information for opportunistic pathogens about the co-infection they may cause.Results: The isolate grew very slowly but conferred strong protection for the co-infected cephalosporin-sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae. As the initial laboratory testing failed to identify the taxonomy of the strain, great perplexity was caused in the etiological diagnosis and anti-infection treatment for the patient. Rigorous sequencing efforts achieved the complete genome sequence of the isolate which we designated as AF18. AF18 is phylogenetically close to a few strains isolated from soil, clinical sewage, and patients, forming a novel species together, while the taxonomic nomenclature of which is still under discussion. And this is the first report of human infection of this novel species. Like its relatives, AF18 harbors many genes related to cell mobility, various genes adaptive to both the natural environment and animal host, over 30 mobile genetic elements, and a plasmid bearing blaCTX-M-3 gene, indicating its ability to disseminate antimicrobial-resistant genes from the natural environment to patients. Transcriptome sequencing identified two sRNAs that critically regulate the growth rate of AF18, which could serve as targets for novel antimicrobial strategies. Conclusions: Our findings imply that AF18 and its species are not only infection-relevant but also potential disseminators of antibiotic resistance genes, which highlights the need for continuous monitoring for this novel species and efforts to develop treatment strategies.
Predictors of physical activity in older adults experiencing an emergency hospital admission: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Hartley Peter , Dewitt Amanda L , Forsyth Faye , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Deaton Christi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Reduced mobility may be responsible for functional decline and acute sarcopenia in older hospitalised patients. The drivers of reduced in-hospital mobility are poorly understood, especially during the early phase of acute hospitalisation. We investigated predictors of in-hospital activity during a 24-hour period in the first 48 hours of hospital admission in older adults. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a prospective repeated measures cohort study. Participants aged 75 years or older were recruited within the first 24 hours of admission. At recruitment, patients underwent a baseline assessment including measurements of pre-morbid functional mobility, cognition, frailty, falls efficacy, co-morbidity, acute illness severity, knee extension strength and grip strength, and consented to wear accelerometers to measure physical activity during the first 7 days (or until discharge if earlier). In-hospital physical activity was defined as the amount of upright time (standing or walking). To examine the predictors of physical activity, we limited the analysis to the first 24 hours of recording to maximise the sample size as due to discharge from hospital there was daily attrition. We used a best subset analysis including all baseline measures. The optimal model was defined by having the lowest Bayesian information criterion in the best-subset analyses. The model specified a maximum of 5 covariates and used an exhaustive search. Results Seventy participants were recruited but eight were excluded from the final analysis due to lack of accelerometer data within the first 24 hours after recruitment. Patients spent a median of 0.50 hours (IQR: 0.21; 1.43) standing or walking. The optimal model selected the following covariates: functional mobility as measured by the de Morton Mobility Index and two measures of illness severity, the National Early Warning Score, and serum C-reactive protein. Conclusions Physical activity, particularly in the acute phase of hospitalisation, is very low in older adults. The association between illness severity and physical activity may be explained by symptoms of acute illness being barriers to activity. Interdisciplinary approaches are required to identify early mobilisation opportunities.
PM2.5 exposure on daily cardio-respiratory mortality in Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2016.
Authors: Tapia Vilma , Steenland Kyle , Vu Bryan , Liu Yang , Vasquez Vanessa , Gonzales Gustavo Francisco 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: There have been no studies of air pollution and mortality in Lima, Peru. We evaluate whether daily environmental PM 2.5 exposure is associated to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in Lima during 2010 to 2016.
Methods: We analyzed 86,970 deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Lima from 2010-2016. Estimated daily PM 2.5 was assigned based on district of residence. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between daily district-level PM 2.5 exposures and daily counts of deaths.
Results: An increase in 10 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 on the day before was significantly associated with daily all-cause (respiratory and circulatory) mortality (RR 1.029; CI 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.05) across all ages and in the age group over 65 (RR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.005 – 1.09) which included 74% of all deaths. We also observed associations with circulatory deaths for all age groups (RR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.11), and those over 65 (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.12). A borderline significant trend was seen (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 – 1.06; p = 0.10) for respiratory deaths in persons aged over 65. Trends were driven by the highest quintile of exposure.
Conclusions: PM 2.5 exposure is associated with daily all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Lima, especially for older people. Our data suggest that the existing limits on air pollution exposure are too high.
Arthroscopic pie-crusting release of the posteromedial c omplex of the knee for surgical treatment of medial meniscus injury
Authors: Han Xu , Wang Peizhao , Yu Jinyang , Wang Xiao , Tan Honglue 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The posteromedial complex (PMC), including the posterior part of the MCL and the posterior oblique ligament (POL), has a restrictive effect on the opening of the posteromedial gap of the knee in the half-extension position. We evaluated the radiological and clinical results of pie-crusting release of the PMC for arthroscopic meniscal surgery in tight knees.Methods: Sixty patients with posterior injury of the medial meniscus were reviewed. All patients accepted arthroscopic pie-crusting release of the PMC. Fourty patients accepted meniscoplasty, and 20 patients accepted meniscal suturing. To evaluate the arthroscopic opening of the medial gap in 20° half-extension under 11-kg valgus stress, the width of the medial space before and after release were measured. During follow-up, the medial stability was evaluated by radiographic measurements of the joint space width (JSW). MRI was conducted to evaluate healing of the MCL and meniscus. Knee functions were evaluated using VAS, Lysholm, IKDC and Tegner scoring systems.Results: In all patients, meniscus operations were performed without iatrogenic cartilage injury. After PMC release, the arthroscopic width of the medial space was 5.7 ± 0.5 mm, larger than that before release (2.5 ± 0.5 mm, p < 0.01). The follow-up time was 21.93 ± 7.04 months, there was no residual valgus laxity of the knee. The radiographic JSW was 5.97 ± 0.8 mm preoperatively, 9.2 ± 1.1 mm in the 1st week postoperatively, and 6.1 ± 0.9 mm by the 3rd postoperative month, showing no differences between preoperative and 3 months postoperative measurement (p > 0.05). For sutured meniscus, MRI showed healing in 15 patients while five had two-grade abnormal signals. VAS, Lysholm, IKDC and Tegner scores were 1.80 ± 0.51, 80.08 ± 3.74, 82.17 ± 4.64 and 5.48 ± 0.59, respectively, showing significant differences compared with the preoperative scores (5.57 ± 0.69, 48.17 ± 4.22, 51.42 ± 4.02 and 3.20 ± 0.68, respectively, P < 0.01).Conclusions: Pie-crusting release of the PMC can increase the posteromedial space and improve the visual field of the knee under arthroscopy, while neither causing no residual valgus instability of the knee nor affecting the clinical outcome at the final follow-up.
Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wu Chenzhou , Yuan Yihang , Liu Hang-hang , Li Shensui , zhang Bowen , Chen Wen , an zijian , chen siyu , wu yongzhi , han bo , li chunjie , li longjiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To systematically review the epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were searched up until December 2018. The manual search included the reference lists of the included studies and relevant journals. Observational studies evaluating the relationship between T2DM and periodontitis were included. Meta-analyses were conducted using STATA.Results: A total of 53 observational studies were included. The Adjusted T2DM prevalence was significantly higher in periodontitis patients (OR=4.04, p=0.000), and vice versa (OR=1.58, p=0.000). T2DM patients had significantly worse periodontal status, as reflected in a 0.61 mm deeper periodontal pocket, a 0.89 mm higher attachment loss and approximately 2 more lost teeth (all p=0.000), than those without T2DM. The results of the cohort studies found that T2DM could elevate the risk of developing periodontitis by 34% (p=0.002). The glycemic control of T2DM patients might result in different periodontitis outcomes. Severe periodontitis increased the incidence of T2DM by 53% (p=0.000), and this result was stable. In contrast, the impact of mild periodontitis on T2DM incidence (RR=1.28, p=0.007) was less robust.Conclusions: There is an evident bidirectional relationship between T2DM and periodontitis. Further well-designed cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding.Clinical Relevance: Both dentists and physicians need to be aware of the strong connection between periodontitis and T2DM. Controlling these two diseases might help prevent each other’s incidence.
Tumor Sidedness Could be a High-risk Factor in Patients with Stage II Colon Cancer
Authors: Iguchi Kenta , Mushiake Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Seiji , Inagaki Daisuke , Mikayama Yo , Fukushima Tadao , Numata Masakatsu , Tamagawa Hiroshi , Yukawa Norio , Rino Yasushi , Masuda Munetaka 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : The search for high-risk factors in stage II colon cancer (CC) is ongoing and several high-risk factors for stage II CC have been identified; however, the effects of tumor sidedness on prognosis is not clear. This study aims to determine whether tumor sidedness could be identified as another high-risk factor for stage II CC.
Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 189 patients with stage II CC, following consecutive curative resection surgery performed between 2008 and 2014. We compared clinicopathological findings and long-term outcomes between the patients with right colonic cancer (RCC) and patients with left colonic cancer (LCC). Prognostic factors for survival were determined using univariate and Cox proportional regression analyses.
Results : A total of 72 patients were diagnosed with RCC and 117 patients were diagnosed with LCC. Patients with RCC were significantly older (p < 0.001) than those with LCC, and the number of harvested lymph nodes (HLNs) was greater in the RCC group (RCC: 25 vs. LCC: 19; p = 0.003). The overall survival (OS) was notably worse in the RCC group than the OS in the LCC group (5 year survival rate—RCC: 81.3% vs. LCC: 90.4%; p = 0.025), whereas no significant difference was observed in disease-free survival (5 year survival rate—RCC: 74.8% vs. LCC: 83.4%; p = 0.065). Cox proportional regression analysis showed that tumor sidedness (hazard ratio (HR): 3.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–8.85, p = 0.022), gender (HR: 3.27, 95% CI: 1.27–8.47, p = 0.014), and the number of HLNs (HR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.95–10.74, p < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for OS.
Conclusion : Patients with a right-sided primary tumor location have more negative prognostic factors and worse long-term outcomes than those with a left-sided primary tumor location in stage II CC. Tumor sidedness is a high-risk factor in stage II CC patients.