bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2020 Student Professional Paper - Graduate Level Integrating Design Parameters for Reseeding and Mulching after Wildfire: An Example from the 416 Fire, Colorado
Authors: Graber Andrew 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTWildfires burn vegetation over large areas of land, removing ground cover and frequently increasing potential for erosion-related hazards, such as debris flows, soil loss, and increased sedimentation downstream. Reseeding and mulching are two techniques used to prevent erosion and foster re-establishment of native plant species. However, design guidelines and specifications for reseeding and mulching programs are scattered in the literature, impeding efforts to follow best practices when preparing mitigation plans. This article summarizes guidelines and specifications for both reseeding and mulching and applies them in a sample GIS-based reseeding and mulching design for a basin burned in 2018 by the 416 Fire, Colorado. In addition to relying only on remote data, the method presented here aids operators and management personnel in making quick assessments of mitigation needs and areas suitable for mitigation, allowing for prompt responses to time-sensitive erosion hazards.
The effect of active occupational stress management on psychosocial and physiological wellbeing: a pilot study
Authors: Jukic Tomislav , Ihan Alojz , Strojnik Vojko , Stubljar David , Starc Andrej 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to address the working population with an occupational stress prevention program using mHealth solution and encourage them for healthy lifestyle choices.Methods: Seventeen participants were randomized from the corporate setting. A 24alife app with a good compliance program was selected. Test battery has been designed to test the physical readiness, psychological evaluation and biological blood markers for stress. Participants were followed up after 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively, within the intervention period. Weight of participants was tracked three times per month. Univariate analysis compared the continuous variables by One-Way Repeated-Measures ANOVA test when the data were normally distributed, or Wilcoxon rank sum test for abnormal distribution of variables.Results: Participants used the app with a compliance rate of 94.1%. The psychological evaluation revealed higher motivation for work, lower burnout scores and participants gave subjective responses of better general wellbeing. Some of the participants lost up to four kg of body mass. Physical readiness has also improved.Conclusions: Results of mHealth projects on corporate could include primary health care institutions and health ministry to extend the existing system to patients’ pockets where they can monitor their disease and increase the ability of self-care.
Optimising medication management in children and young people with ADHD using a computerised test (QbTest): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Williams Laura , Hall Charlotte L , Brown Susan , Guo Boliang , James Marilyn , Franceschini Matilde , Clarke Julie , Selby Kim , Vijayan Hena , Kulkarni Neeta , Brown Nikki , Sayal Kapil , Hollis Chris , Groom Madeleine J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be closely monitored to ensure optimisation. There is growing interest in using computerised assessments of ADHD symptoms to support medication monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of one such computerised assessment, the Quantified Behavior (Qb) Test, as part of medication management for ADHD. Methods: This feasibility multi-site RCT conducted in child and adolescent mental health and community paediatric settings recruited participants aged 6-15 years diagnosed with ADHD starting stimulant medication. Participants were randomised into one of two arms: Experimental (QbTest protocol): participants completed a QbTest at baseline and two follow-up QbTests on medication (2-4 weeks and 8-10 weeks later). Control: participants received treatment-as-usual, including at least two follow-up consultations. Measures of parent, teacher and clinician-rated symptoms and global functioning were completed at each time-point. Clinicians recorded treatment decision-making and health economic measures were obtained. Data were analysed using multi-level modelling and participants (children and parents) and clinicians were interviewed about their experiences, resulting data were thematically analysed. Results: Forty-four children and young people were randomised. Completion of study outcome measures by caregivers and teachers ranged from 52-78% at baseline to 47-65% at follow-up. Participants reported the questionnaires to be useful to complete. SNAP-IV inattention scores showed greater reduction in the intervention than the control group (-5.85, 95%CI -10.33, -1.36, p=0.01). Engagement with the intervention ranged from 100% at baseline, to 78% follow-up 1 and 57% follow-up 2. However, only 37% of QbTests were conducted in the correct time period. Interview data highlighted that the objectivity of the QbTest was appreciated by clinicians and parents. Clinicians commented that the additional time and resources required meant that it is not feasible to use QbTest for all cases.Conclusion: The trial design and protocol appear to be feasible and acceptable but could be improved by modifying QbTest time periods and the method of data collection. With these changes the protocol may be appropriate for a full trial. Adding QbTest may improve symptom outcome as measured by SNAP-IV.
Characterization of type -2 diacylglycerol acyltransferases in Haematococcus lacustris reveals their functions and engineering potential in triacylglycerol biosynthesis
Authors: Cui Hongli , Zhao Chunchao , Xu Wenxin , Zhang Hongjiang , Hang Wei , Zhu Xiaoli , Ji Chunli , Xue Jinai , Zhang Chunhui , Li Runzhi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Haematococcus lacustris is an ideal source of astaxanthin (AST), which is stored in oil bodies containing esterified AST (EAST) and triacylglycerol (TAG). Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) catalyze the last step of acyl-CoA-dependent TAG biosynthesis and are also considered as crucial enzymes involved in EAST biosynthesis in H. lacustris. Previous studies have identified four putative DGAT2-encoding genes in H. lacustris, and only HpDGAT2D allowed the recovery of TAG biosynthesis, but the engineering potential of HpDGAT2s in TAG biosynthesis remains ambiguous.Results: Five putative DGAT2 genes (HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2B, HpDGAT2C, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E) were identified in H. lacustris. Transcription analysis showed that the expression levels of the HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E genes markedly increased under high light and nitrogen deficient conditions with distinct patterns, which led to significant TAG and EAST accumulation. Functional complementation demonstrated that HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2B, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E had the capacity to restore TAG synthesis in a TAG-deficient yeast strain (H1246) showing a large difference in enzymatic activity. Fatty acid (FA) profile assays revealed that HpDGAT2A, HpDGAT2D, and HpDGAT2E, but not HpDGAT2B, preferred monounsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (MUFAs) for TAG synthesis in yeast cells, and showed a preference for polyunsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (PUFAs) based on their feeding strategy. The heterologous expression of HpDGAT2D in Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii significantly increased the TAG content and obviously promoted the MUFAs and PUFAs contents.Conclusions: Our study represents systematic work on the characterization of HpDGAT2s by integrating expression patterns, AST/TAG accumulation, functional complementation, and heterologous expression in yeast, plants, and algae. These results (1) update the gene models of HpDGAT2s, (2) prove the TAG biosynthesis capacity of HpDGAT2s, (3) show the strong preference for MUFAs and PUFAs, and (4) offer target genes to modulate TAG biosynthesis by using genetic engineering methods.
Bioluminescence and Fluorescence in Littoral Earthworms
Authors: Seesamut Teerapong , Yano Daichi , Paitio Jose , Kin Ikuhiko , Panha Somsak , Oba Yuichi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pontodrilus litoralis is a cosmopolitan littoral earthworm known to exhibit bioluminescence. Recently, a congeneric species Pontodrilus longissimus from Thailand was described. These species are sympatric but their burrowing depths on Thai beaches are different. In this study, we examined the in vivo and in vitro bioluminescence properties of P. longissimus and P. litoralis. Mechanical stimulation induced in vivo luminescence in P. litoralis, as reported previously, but not in P. longissimus. In vitro cross-reaction tests between these species revealed the absence of luciferin and luciferase activities in P. longissimus. P. litoralis had strong fluorescence in a coelomic fluid that matches to the spectral maximum of its bioluminescence, but P. longissimus did not. These results suggest that P. longissimus does not have luminescence ability due to the lack of all bioluminescent components, luciferin, luciferase, and light emitter, despite its close relationship to the luminous P. litoralis. The presence of both luminous and non-luminous species in a single genus is uncommon, and our present findings will shed insight on the possible functions of bioluminescence in the earthworm, such as avoiding predation by littoral earwigs.
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 using Graph Neural Network with Genetic, Mechanistic, and Epidemiological Validation
Authors: Hsieh Kang-Lin , Wang Yinyin , Chen Luyao , Zhao Zhongming , Savitz Sean , Jiang Xiaoqian , Tang Jing , Kim Yejin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Amid the pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infected by SARS-CoV-2, a
vast amount of drug research for prevention and treatment has been quickly conducted, but these
efforts have been unsuccessful thus far. Our objective is to prioritize repurposable drugs using a
drug repurposing pipeline that systematically integrates multiple SARS-CoV-2 and drug
interactions, deep graph neural networks, and in-vitro/population-based validations. We first
collected all the available drugs (n= 3,635) involved in COVID-19 patient treatment through
CTDbase. We built a SARS-CoV-2 knowledge graph based on the interactions among virus baits,
host genes, pathways, drugs, and phenotypes. A deep graph neural network approach was used to
derive the candidate drug’s representation based on the biological interactions. We prioritized the
candidate drugs using clinical trial history, and then validated them with their genetic profiles, in
vitro experimental efficacy, and electronic health records. We highlight the top 22 drugs including
Azithromycin, Atorvastatin, Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Albuterol. We further pinpointed drug
combinations that may synergistically target COVID-19. In summary, we demonstrated that the
integration of extensive interactions, deep neural networks, and rigorous validation can facilitate
the rapid identification of candidate drugs for COVID-19 treatment.
This paper had been uploaded to arXiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.10931
NAV2V: Navigation Assisted V2V Routing Protocol for Urban Areas
Authors: Teixeira Lincoln H. , Huszák Árpád 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vehicular AdHoc networks (VANETs) allow connectivity in dispersed vehicle environments and in other areas of difficult access, where conventional network systems are not satisfactory. One of the most significant technical challenges faced in implementing VANET is to design an efficient routing protocol able to provide a reliable path between the source and destination of the information. This paper discusses a routing scheme that incorporates the control strategy for transmitting messages and Global Navigation Satellite System (GGNS) information to optimise network routing. This scheme uses geolocation information to select the best path to forward the messages. To simulate a communication in real-life scenario, we used the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) and Network Simulator-version 3 (NS-3) platform to compare our proposed algorithm to the traditional routing protocols in scenarios where the number of nodes as well as the number of source-destination pairs vary. Our results show that the proposed NAV2V algorithm can decrease the packet loss rate, end-to-end delay, and enhance network efficiency.
Self-powered, ultraflexible photonic skin for continuous bio-signal detection via air-operation-stable polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Jinno Hiroaki , Yokota Tomoyuki , Koizumi Mari , Yukita Wakako , Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Flexible organic optical devices have been used extensively in next-generation wearable electronics owing to advantages such as light-weight, thinness, and flexibility. Making such organic optical devices ultrathin enables long-term monitoring of health conditions owing to the increased conformability of ultrathin devices to human skin. Long-term biological signal monitoring also requires the integration of organic optical devices with an energy harvesting power sources which does not require recharging; to make devices self-powered. However, system-level integration of such thin organic optical sensors with power sources is challenging. An important obstacle to this type of integration is the insufficient operational stability of ultrathin organic light-emitting diodes under ambient air conditions. Here we develop an ultrathin self-powered organic optical system for photoplethysmogram (PPG) monitoring. This system consists of three types of ultrathin electronic devices: polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), organic solar cells, and organic photodetectors. By adopting an inverted structure and a polyethylenimine ethoxylated layer doped with 8-hydroxyquinolinato-lithium as the electron-transport layer, PLEDs exhibit improved operational stability under ambient air conditions without external encapsulation. Ultraflexible PLEDs with no passivation retain 70% of the initial luminance lifetime of 11.3 h under ambient air. Integrated optical sensors exhibit a high linearity with the light intensity exponent of 0.98 by PLED light source. Such self-powered, ultraflexible PPG sensors can perform long-term stable monitoring of blood pulse signals on human hands.
Central Asian Modulation of Northern Hemisphere Moisture Transfer Over the Late Cenozoic
Authors: Prud'homme Charlotte , Scardia Giancarlo , Vonhof Hubert , Guinoiseau Damien , Nigmatova Saida , Fiebig Jens , Gerdes Axel , Janssen Renée , Fitzsimmons Kathryn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Earth’s climatic evolution over the last 5 million years (Myr) is primarily understood from the perspective of marine mechanisms. While changes in ocean circulation go a long way towards explaining the transport of moisture onto the continents, the role of terrestrial feedbacks in the opposite direction remain largely unexplored. Here we reconstruct the last 5 Myr of rainfall variability in Central Eurasia from an 80 m-thick sedimentary succession at Charyn Canyon, Kazakhstan. Charyn Canyon lies at the centre of the world’s largest land mass and at the present-day transition between the mid-latitude westerlies and Siberian high-pressure system. Our record provides the first opportunity to interrogate long-term interactions between mid-latitude westerly and high latitude climate systems over the Eurasian continent. This missing terrestrial link highlights the significance of land-water feedbacks for long-term global climate.
A Cross Sectional Assessment on Distribution of Snail and Risk Factors of Schistosoma Mansoni Infection in Proximity to Water Contact Points in Gorgora Town, Western Dembia District, Northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Abere Aberham , Worku Ligabaw , Genetu Abebe , Abebaw Dessie , Derso Adane , Aemero Mulugeta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the great neglected tropical diseases with socio-economic and health problem worldwide. In Ethiopia numerous studies reported S. mansoni is high among school-age and preschool age children. Though intensive prevalence studies are conducted the snail distribution and infectivity status and human infection rate dynamics in Ethiopian context remains poorly understood. Thus the purpose of the current study was to assess distribution of snail and risk factors of Schistosoma mansoni infection in proximity to water contact points in Gorgora town, Western Dembia District, Northwest Ethiopia. Method: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gorgora Town from March to May 2020. A total of 385 study participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique. Stool sample was collected and examined by Kato-Katz technique. Malacological survey was done from sampling sites showing signs of human activity near Lake Tana shoreline. Live snails collected in plastic bucket containing water and weed were transported within four hours to the University of Gondar, Medical parasitology laboratory for identification and determination of infection. Data was entered with EPI Data version 4.4.2.1. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0 and STATA version 15.0. p-value ≤ 0.05 was reported as statistically significant. Spatial distribution analysis was done using ArcGIS system for Geographical Information System (GIS). Result: The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 36.6% (CI: 32-41.9) with intensity of 30.5%, 27.0% and 42.6% for light, moderate, and heavy, respectively. Among the different fresh water snails collected on the basis of shell morphology 546(%) were Biomphalaria pfeifferi, 310(28.1%) were Bulinus spp, 101(9.1%) were Lymnaea, and 147(13.3%) were Bivalve. Schistosome infection in Biomphalaria spp. was 0.0%. Swimming frequency and proximity to water body were observed to be the most associated risk factor to S. mansoni infection. Conclusion: The study showed that S. mansoni is an ongoing health problem in Gorgora. Different fresh water snails with a potential of transmitting diseases of human and veterinary importance that requires attention had been identified. Longitudinal and molecular study on Biomphalaria pfeifferi infection rate as well as susceptibility to schistosome infection is recommended.
Non-Invasive Transdermal Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Molecules In Vivo Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Raviraj Vanisri , Pham Binh T.T. , Pham Nguyen T.H. , Kim Byung J. , Kok Lai F. , Painter Nicole , Delic Naomi C. , Jones Stephen K. , Hawkett Brian S. , Lyons J. Guy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The skin is both a target and a potential conduit for the delivery of drugs, but its cornified cell layer resists penetration by most molecules. This study investigated the potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to facilitate the transdermal delivery of anti-cancer agents. Results: Chemotherapeutic cancer drugs were applied with or without nanoparticles to the skin of hairless mice, and their ability to penetrate the skin was assessed using fluorescence microscopy and tumor growth. Nanoparticles enhanced the penetration of the skin by doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil as determined by fluorescence microscopy and growth retardation of experimental melanoma in immunocompetent, syngeneic mice. This drug enhancement did not require conjugation or encapsulation of the drugs by the nanoparticles – simple co-administration sufficed. Nanoparticles applied topically to melanomas increased the cytotoxicity and immune cell infiltration induced by co-administered 5-fluorouracil, and also reduced vascularization of the tumors independently of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Correctly formulated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can facilitate the chemotherapeutic effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs on skin tumors by both increasing their transdermal penetration and ameliorating host-tumor interactions. This enhancement of skin penetration occurs without the need for conjugation or encapsulation of the co-administered drugs and so will likely be applicable to other drugs, also.
CRISPR-guided reversion reveals the immunogenicity of a “non-MHC binding” cancer neoepitope in vivo
Authors: Ebrahimi-Nik Hakimeh , Moussa Marmar , Englander Ryan , Singhaviranon Summit , Michaux Justine , Pak HuiSong , Miyadera Hiroko , Corwin William , Keller Grant , Hagymasi Adam , Shcheglova Tatiana , Coukos George , Baker Brian , Mandoiu Ion , Bassani-Sternberg Michal , Srivast Pramod 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A high- affinity MHC I-peptide interaction is considered essential for immunogenicity. However, some neoepitopes with low affinities for MHC have been reported to elicit CD8-dependent tumor rejection in immunization-challenge studies. Here, we ask if a non-binder, tumor-rejection- mediating neoepitope influences the natural immunogenicity of a tumor in vivo, in the absence of artificial immunization. A mutation in tumor MUT1 was edited to its WT counterpart; the mutation was then re-introduced into the WT tumor, recapitulating the mutation in a tumor MUT2. TILs from all three tumors show T cell activation. However, TILs of MUT1 and MUT2 show significantly stronger transcriptional signatures of cytotoxicity and TCR engagement as well as the greater breadth of TCR reactivity than those of WT. Structural modeling of the Kd-neoepitope complex suggests increased hydrophobicity of the neoepitope surface consistent with higher TCR reactivity. These results reveal the immunogenicity in vivo of low affinity or “non-binding” epitopes that do not follow the canonical view of MHC I-peptide recognition.
Statistical Optimization of Saccharification Process Using Amorphophallus Paeoniifolius Tubers into Fermentable Sugars for Bioethanol Production in Stirred Tank Batch Reactor (STBR)
Authors: Rakshitha S.P. , Keerthana K. V. , Anjuna P. , Sangam S.G. , Sandesh K. , Shet Vinayaka B. , Neetha J. N. , Ujwal P. , Mubarak N.M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Current technologies for the production of biofuels from various renewable feedstocks have considerably captured vast scientific attention due to the fact that they can be used as an alternative fuels. Bioethanol being one of the most interesting biofuels and due to its positive impact on the environment has been categorised significantly in terms of scientific and technological investments. The aim of this study was to investigate, tubers of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. The composition analysis of A.paeoniifolius tubers revealed high carbohydrate content (78.30 ± 0.33%). The feedstock was subjected to physicochemical pretreatment by treating with dilute acid followed by pressure cooking. The pretreatment factors were optimized by CCD using RSM approach. The optimum condition was found to be 1.32%v/v of HCl, 5.83%w/v of Elephant Foot Yam Biomass and 66.84 min of pressure cooking time yielding 45.87 g/L of total sugar. The second order polynomial equation was generated for the saccharification of the biomass and validated with R2 0.89. The fermentation of pretreated biomass in the presence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC170 yielded 22.12 ± 0.62 g/L of bioethanol at 120 h utilising 92% of initial total sugar. The resultant ethanol yield and productivity was estimated to be 0.51 g/g and 0.30 g/L.h respectively. The Gompertz model equation was applied to experimental data using nonlinear regression with the least square method and the kinetic fermentation parameters such as maximum ethanol concentration (Pm), production rate (rpm) and lag phase (h) were estimated to be Pm =21.90 g/L, rpm =0.57 g/L.h and tL =8.22 h.