bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic analyses of diverse wild and cultivated accessions provide insights into the evolutionary history of jujube
Authors: Guo Mingxin , Zhang Zhongren , Li Shipeng , Lian Qun , Fu Pengcheng , He Yali , Qiao Jinxin , Xu Keke , Liu Linpei , Wu Miaoyan , Du Zheran , Li Sunan , Wang Junjie , Shao Peiyin , Yu Qiang , Xu Gan , Li Dengke , Wang Yongkang , Tian Shan , Zhao Jing , Feng Xue , Li Ruiqiang , Jiang Wenkai , Zhao Xusheng 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), a member of the Rhamnaceae family, is an important perennial fruit tree crop of substantial economic, ecological and nutritional value, and is also used as a traditional herbal medicine. Here, we report the resequencing of 493 jujube accessions, including 202 wild and 291 cultivated accessions at >16× depth. Our population genomic analyses revealed that the Shanxi–Shaanxi area of China was jujube's primary domestication centre and that jujube was then disseminated into East China before finally extending into South China. Divergence events analysis indicated that Ziziphus acidojujuba and Ziziphus jujuba diverged around 2.7 Mya, suggesting the interesting possibility that a long pre‐domestication period may have occurred prior to human intervention. Using the large genetic polymorphism data set, we identified a 15‐bp tandem insertion in the promoter of the jujube ortholog of the POLLEN DEFECTIVE IN GUIDANCE 1 (POD1) gene, which was strongly associated with seed‐setting rate. Integrating genome‐wide association study (GWAS), transcriptome data, expression analysis and transgenic validation in tomato, we identified a DA3/UBIQUITIN‐SPECIFIC PROTEASE 14 (UBP14) ortholog, which negatively regulate fruit weight in jujube. We also identified candidate genes, which have likely influenced the selection of fruit sweetness and crispness texture traits among fresh and dry jujubes. Our study not only illuminates the genetic basis of jujube evolution and domestication and provides a deep and rich genomic resource to facilitate both crop improvement and hypothesis‐driven basic research, but also identifies multiple agriculturally important genes for this unique perennial tree fruit species.
Are they worth it? Warmth and competence perceptions influence the investment of slack resources in and the efficacy of HPWS
Authors: Kim Kyoung Yong , Messersmith Jake G. , Allen David G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUtilizing research on organizational slack and the stereotype content model, the antecedents and consequences of high‐performance work system (HPWS) utilization are assessed in a sample of 108 small and medium‐sized enterprises in South Korea. The paper advances theory to demonstrate that organizational slack drives HPWS adoption, but only when the chief executive officer (CEO) views employees as worth the investment. A social psychology lens is used to illustrate the significance of CEO perceptions of employee warmth and competence as moderators of the relationship between slack resources and HPWS adoption in small firms. CEOs with available financial resources who also hold a high view of employee trustworthiness (i.e., warmth) and ability (i.e., competence) are likely to utilize higher levels of HPWS. Further, employee perceptions of CEO warmth and competence moderate the relationship between HPWS utilization and firm performance, such that high levels of perceived CEO warmth and competence enhance the efficacy of HPWS. The results serve to highlight the significance of perceptual factors in both the antecedents and outcomes of HPWS adoption, particularly in smaller firms.
Local and systemic immune mediators of Morada Nova lambs with divergent Haemonchus contortus resistance phenotypes
Authors: Barbosa Toscano João Henrique , Okino Cintia Hiromi , Barbosa dos Santos Isabella , Giraldelo Luciana Aparecida , Borsch von Haehling Marei , Novita Esteves Sérgio , Bassetto Cesar Cristiano , Talamini do Amarante Alessandro Francisco , de Souza Chagas Ana Carolina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsLocal and systemic immune mediators of Morada Nova lambs with divergent Haemonchus contortus resistance phenotypes were evaluated.Methods and ResultsLambs were ranked through faecal egg counts (FEC) after two parasitic challenges with 4,000 H.contortus L3. After the second challenge, the lambs underwent a third artificial infection and were euthanized 7 days later. Immune‐related genes were quantified locally in abomasal mucosa and lymph nodes (CD4, IFNγ, IL4, IL5, IL13, IL2RA and MS4A2) and systemically in the whole blood (IL4 and IL13). Anti‐H. contortus IgG and IgA antibodies and eosinophils and mast cells counts were also investigated. Resistant animals presented higher systemic IgG and IgA titres, both negatively correlated with FEC. Susceptible animals had higher blood levels of IL4 transcripts. At the local level, resistant lambs had higher eosinophils counts and superior MS4A2 levels in abomasal fundic mucosa, besides higher IgA levels in abomasal mucus, while susceptible lamb had superior IL4 expression in abomasal lymph nodes.ConclusionThese data indicate that resistant lambs had an immune response mediated by antibody‐mediated cytotoxicity. Also, the systemic humoral profile, particularly IgA isotype, seems to be a good resistance marker for Morada Nova sheep, as we found differences between groups even when FEC did not differ.
Predicting river mouth location from delta front dip and clinoform dip in modern and ancient wave‐dominated deltas
Authors: Zimmer Eva H. , Howell John A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWave‐dominated deltas and strandplains make up the majority of the world’s depositional coastlines, provide an important record of sea‐level change and serve as hydrocarbon reservoirs worldwide. Satellite imagery forms a great source of data on the recent depositional history of modern deltaic systems. In the subsurface, three‐dimensional seismic and well data make the three‐dimensional assessment of large‐scale deltaic reservoir bodies possible but struggle to resolve internal heterogeneities away from wells. To bridge this gap in characterizing deltaic sedimentation, this study combines measurements from both the shallow, high‐resolution section of three‐dimensional seismic data of the Eocene Halibut Delta in the Outer Moray Firth, offshore Scotland, with information from Google Earth’s satellite imagery and digital elevation model on south‐east Brazilian river deltas (São Francisco, Jequitinhonha, Doce and Paraíba do Sul) to present a means of predicting the location of fluvial sediment input points with respect to clinoform geometry. The key measurement for this study is the delta front and clinoform dip which has been measured at multiple locations along strike of the coastline of the examined deltas. Dip decreases away from the inferred river mouth for all deltas by 50% within 7.2 km. The river mouth location was inferred from the position of palaeo‐channels visible on the delta top and coarse sediment recorded in grab samples offshore for the south‐east Brazilian deltas, and from imprints of palaeo‐channels on attribute maps for the Eocene Halibut Delta. In summary, this study found that delta front dip is steepest at the location of the river mouth and decreases, along with grain size, away from it. This suggests that high dip values correlate with the proximity to the channel mouth and can be used to predict fluvial channel facies in modern deltaic systems and subsurface reservoirs.
An inflammation classification system using cytokine parameters
Authors: Roe Kevin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInflammation can be created by several different causes, including a blood clot, an immune system disorder, a cancer, an infection, a chemical exposure, a physical injury, or a neurological condition, such as Alzheimer's or depression. In particular, many infections by viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoan pathogens can cause inflammation. Inflammations can have far‐reaching medical consequences, because chronic or frequent inflammation can assist cancers and initiate autoimmune diseases. Determining the cause of an inflammation can be essential for the medical treatment of an individual, and a classification system can be a useful tool to help a diagnosis, confirm a diagnosis and to determine the most appropriate treatment. However, at present there is no classification system for the different causes of inflammation. This paper describes a classification system that uses seven distinct cytokine parameters to enable the determination of the cause of an inflammation. This classification system is expandable, and it can help determine whether an inflammation is caused by an ischaemia, an immune system disorder, a cancer, an infection, a chemical, a physical injury, or a neurological condition. In some cases, this classification system can help enable a quick primary or secondary determination of an urgent medical emergency when other medical diagnostic resources are unavailable.
Associations of sedentary behavior bouts with community‐dwelling older adults' physical function
Authors: Wilson Jason J. , McMullan Ilona , Blackburn Nicole E. , Skjødt Mathias , Caserotti Paolo , Giné‐Garriga Maria , Farche Ana , Klenk Jochen , Dallmeier Dhayana , Deidda Manuela , Roqué i Figuls Marta , Tully Mark A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study aim was to explore associations between sedentary behavior (SB) bouts and physical function in 1360 community‐dwelling older adults (≥65 years old). SB was measured using an ActiGraph wGT3X + accelerometer for seven consecutive days at the dominant hip and processed accordingly. Various SB bout lengths were assessed including: 1‐ to 9‐minutes; 10‐ to 29‐minutes; 30‐ to 59‐minutes; and ≥60‐minutes, as well as maximum time spent in a SB bout. Total SB time was adjusted for within the SB bout variables used (percentage SB time in the SB bout length and number of SB bouts per total SB hour). Physical function was assessed using the 2‐minute walk test (2MWT), 5‐times sit‐to‐stand (chair stand) test, and unipedal stance test (UST). Hierarchical linear regression models were utilized. Covariates such as moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), demographic and health characteristics were controlled for. Lower percentage time spent in ≥60‐minute SB bouts was significantly (P < .05) associated with longer 2MWT distance while lower numbers of ≥60‐minute SB bouts were associated with longer 2MWT distance, shorter chair stand time and longer UST time. There were mixed associations with physical function for 10‐ to 29‐minute SB bouts. In a large cohort of European older adults, prolonged SB bouts lasting ≥60‐minutes appear to be associated with reduced physical function after controlling for MVPA and numerous other important covariates. Besides reducing SB levels, these findings suggest there is a need to regularly interrupt prolonged SB to improve physical function in older adults.
Does Deliberation Increase Public‐Spiritedness?
Authors: Wang Rui , Fishkin James S. , Luskin Robert C. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis article investigates the hypothesis, dating back to de Tocqueville and Mill, that deliberation helps make citizens more “public‐spirited,” increasing their support for policies that benefit the community, even at some possible cost to themselves. The hypothesis has previously occasioned much speculation but little empirical investigation.MethodsWe employ data from a series of regional Deliberative Polls in Texas, gathering random samples from seven different service areas for weekend‐long deliberations about the pros and cons of alternative energy choices. Confidential questionnaires were administered at time of recruitment and at the end of the weekend.ResultsThe participants showed an increased willingness to pay for renewable energy, conservation, and to see to it that everyone’s basic needs are met. The contours of these results suggest that they should be taken as evidence of increased public‐spiritedness.ConclusionWe provide new evidence in support of the venerable hypothesis that deliberation increases public‐spiritedness—among deliberation’s most important but hitherto least examined effects.
Consistency grammar for 3D indoor model checking
Authors: Nikoohemat Shayan , Diakité Abdoulaye A. , Lehtola Ville , Zlatanova Sisi , Vosselman George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndoor 3D models are digital representations of building interiors reconstructed from scanned data acquired by laser scanners, digital depth (RGBD) cameras, and CAD drawings. Consequently, there is noise in the source data and a notable variety in the methods used to treat the noise and to process these data into reconstructed models. Alas, the correctness of these reconstructions and thus their suitability for a given application are uncertain. There is a lack of a robust base logic that would allow for controlling the consistency of these (automatically) generated models. Fortunately, correctness criteria are well‐defined through existing international standards. Hence, we propose a conceptual framework based on formal grammars to check the semantic, geometric, and topological consistency of a reconstructed 3D model. The proposed method proceeds in three steps to validate the model: (1) correctness checking of individual components; (2) consistency verification of instances’ interactions; and (3) model consistency check for targeted applications. Our method identifies the components in the model that violate the given rules derived from the current standards and expert knowledge. Ultimately, we propose a quantified formulation of our method that may be straightforwardly integrated into industrial‐level model checkers. The approach is independent of level of details and reconstruction method.
On the Definition of Slavery
Authors: Rota Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA number of non‐equivalent definitions of slavery have been offered by historians, sociologists, bodies of international governance and legal scholars. None is clearly adequate. Here I review extant definitions of slavery found in or suggested by Lovejoy, Patterson, Honoré, Bales, Ingram and the League of Nations 1926 Slavery Convention, and argue that each is subject to counterexample. I then attempt to formulate and defend a more adequate definition, one focusing on consent, control, and the intentions of the slaveholder, and relevant for the present as well as the past.
Outcomes of C difficile infection in solid‐organ transplant recipients: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2015‐2016
Authors: Mahatanan Rattanaporn , Tantisattamo Ekamol , Charoenpong Prangthip , Ferrey Antoney 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundClostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at an increased risk for CDI. A recent study showed an overall improvement in mortality amongst hospitalized individuals with CDI, but it is unclear if this benefit extends to SOT recipients.MethodsWe scrutinized the 2015 and 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all‐payer inpatient database in the United States for CDI data in patients with SOT. SOT was defined as any recipient who had received a heart, lung, liver, intestinal, kidney, pancreas, or combined thoracic and/or abdominal organ transplantation. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and concomitant diagnosis of pneumonia or urinary tract infection were adjusted for in our analysis. Primary outcomes included inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay and total hospital charges.ResultsA total of 105 780 hospital discharges of SOT recipients were included. The incidence of CDI was 3554 (3.36%) among SOTs. CDI was associated with a higher inpatient mortality (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.56‐2.20, P < .01), longer length of hospital stay (mean difference 5.07 days, 95% CI 4.43‐5.71, P < .01) and higher total hospital charges (mean difference 43 958 US dollars, P < .01).ConclusionOur study found that CDI is associated with poorer overall outcomes among hospitalized SOT recipients. However, there was a possible improving trend of the outcomes when compare to previous studies.
Development of pure red cell aplasia by transmission and persistent infection of parvovirus B19 through a kidney allograft
Authors: Inoue Dan , Oda Takashi , Iwama Sachiko , Uchida Takahiro , Kojima Tadasu , Tomiyasu Tomohiro , Yoshikawa Noriko , Yamada Muneharu , Okihara Masaaki , Akashi Isao , Kihara Yu , Konno Osamu , Iwase Makoto , Iwamoto Hitoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report a case of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) caused by parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection, which was transmitted through a kidney allograft. The patient underwent a living‐donor kidney transplant from his wife at the age of 60. Despite successful engraftment with a normal creatinine level, he developed severe anemia that required frequent blood transfusions 2 months after transplantation. Renal anemia was unlikely as his serum erythropoietin level was extremely high. A bone marrow aspiration test demonstrated the existence of large proerythroblasts. Although anti‐PVB19 IgM antibody levels were not increased, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detected PVB19 DNA in his serum. Thus, he was diagnosed as having PRCA induced by PVB19 infection. PCR analysis of total DNA isolated from 0‐hour biopsy sections showed the existence of PVB19 DNA. Furthermore, PVB19 proteins was detected on renal tubules of 0‐hour allograft by immunoperoxidase staining. Thus, transmission of PVB19 through the allograft was confirmed. A single course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy resulted in substantial improvement; however, the effect was limited, and severe anemia relapsed after 5‐6 months. Several courses of IVIG with adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs resulted in long‐term remission. Our case demonstrates that donor‐transmitted PVB19 infection should be suspected in kidney transplant recipients who develop refractory anemia during the early post‐operative phase.
Literature review of allograft adenovirus nephritis and a case presenting as mass lesions in a transplanted kidney without symptoms of urinary tract infection or acute kidney injury
Authors: Watanabe Megumi , Kaneko Shuzo , Usui Joichi , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Kawanishi Kunio , Takahashi‐Kobayashi Mayumi , Shimizu Tatsuya , Ishii Ryota , Tawara Takashi , Tsunoda Ryoya , Nagai Kei , Kawamura Tetsuya , Fujita Akiko , Kai Hirayasu , Morito Naoki , Saito Chie , Oda Tatsuya , Nagata Michio , Yamagata Kunihiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdenovirus (AdV) infection is a common complication in bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplant and solid organ transplant recipients. AdV infection usually presents as hemorrhagic cystitis, but sometimes it can progress to acute kidney injury showing AdV nephritis (AdVN). We present the case of a 52‐year‐old Japanese female who had received a living kidney transplantation (KT) from her husband. At 21 months post‐KT, the patient presented with a fever, but no renal dysfunction and no abnormal urine findings. A contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a few mass lesions with hypoperfusion in the transplanted kidney. An enhanced CT‐guided biopsy targeting one of these lesions revealed a necrotizing tubulointerstitial nephritis suggesting AdVN. The polymerase chain reaction tests for ADV were negative in a urine sample but positive in the sera and the frozen kidney biopsy samples. AdVN can manifest as an unusual pattern of acute lobar nephritis/acute focal bacterial nephritis‐like localization without symptoms of acute kidney injury or urinary tract infection. Enhanced CT can provide clues for clinical diagnosis.
Foreign multinationals in service sectors: A general equilibrium analysis of Brexit
Authors: Latorre María C. , Olekseyuk Zoryana , Yonezawa Hidemichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe examine the role of foreign multinationals in service sectors in the context of Brexit, which is assumed to induce an increase in different types of barriers: (a) FDI barriers to multinationals in services; (b) non‐tariff barriers to trade; and (c) import tariffs between the UK and the rest of the EU. We use a state‐of‐the‐art Melitz approach in manufactures with multinationals operating in imperfectly competitive service sectors in a multiregional general equilibrium framework. We find that the increased FDI barriers in services explain about one third of the total welfare loss of Brexit. Furthermore, our decomposition analysis (by introducing each type of barriers separately) shows that the barriers against the EU service multinationals in the UK are harmful to British manufacturing sectors because they face a reduced (and more expensive) supply of intermediate services.
TRPV1 expressed throughout the arterial circulation regulates vasoconstriction and blood pressure
Authors: Phan Thieu X. , Ton Hoai T. , Gulyás Hajnalka , Pórszász Róbert , Tóth Attila , Russo Rebekah , Kay Matthew W. , Sahibzada Niaz , Ahern Gerard P. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
The functional roles of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, outside of sensory nerves are unclear. We mapped TRPV1 in the mouse circulation, revealing extensive expression in the smooth muscle of resistance arterioles supplying skeletal muscle, heart and adipose tissue.
Activation of TRPV1 in vascular myocytes constricted arteries, reduced coronary flow in isolated hearts and increased systemic blood pressure. These functional effects were retained after sensory nerve ablation, indicating specific signalling by arterial TRPV1.
TRPV1 mediated the vasoconstrictive and blood pressure responses to the endogenous inflammatory lipid lysophosphatidic acid.
These results show that TRPV1 in arteriolar myocytes modulates regional blood flow and systemic blood pressure, and suggest that TRPV1 may be a target of vasoactive inflammatory mediators.
AbstractThe capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, is a key ion channel involved in inflammatory pain signalling. Although mainly studied in sensory nerves, there are reports of TRPV1 expression in isolated segments of the vasculature, but whether the channel localizes to vascular endothelium or smooth muscle is controversial and the distribution and functional roles of TRPV1 in arteries remain unknown. We mapped functional TRPV1 expression throughout the mouse arterial circulation. Analysis of reporter mouse lines TRPV1PLAP‐nlacZ and TRPV1‐Cre:tdTomato combined with Ca2+ imaging revealed specific localization of TRPV1 to smooth muscle of terminal arterioles in the heart, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Capsaicin evoked inward currents (current density ∼10% of sensory neurons) and raised intracellular Ca2+ levels in arterial smooth muscle cells, constricted arterioles ex vivo and in vivo and increased systemic blood pressure in mice and rats. Further, capsaicin markedly and dose‐dependently reduced coronary flow. Pharmacological and/or genetic disruption of TRPV1 abolished all these effects of capsaicin as well as vasoconstriction triggered by lysophosphatidic acid, a bioactive lipid generated by platelets and atherogenic plaques. Notably, ablation of sensory nerves did not affect the responses to capsaicin revealing a vascular smooth muscle‐restricted signalling mechanism. Moreover, unlike in sensory nerves, TRPV1 function in arteries was resistant to activity‐induced desensitization. Thus, TRPV1 activation in vascular myocytes enables a persistent depolarizing current, leading to constriction of coronary, skeletal muscle and adipose arterioles and a sustained increase in systemic blood pressure.