bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents’ Likelihood to Vaccinate Their Children and Themselves Against COVID-19
Authors: Davis Matthew M. , Zickafoose Joseph S. , Halvorson Alese E. , Patrick Stephen W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundVaccination against COVID-19 will likely involve children in order to mitigate transmission risks in community settings. Successful implementation of COVID-19 immunization in the United States may hinge on factors associated with parents’ likelihood of immunizing their children and themselves.MethodsWe fielded a national household survey in English and Spanish from June 5-10, 2020 (n=1,008). Parents were asked about their likelihood of immunizing their children and themselves against COVID-19. We fit separate regression models of parents’ likelihood to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19, using bivariate and multivariable approaches in analyses weighted to be nationally representative.ResultsOverall, 63% of parents (95% CI: 59%, 66%) were likely to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, and 60% (57%, 64%) were likely to get a vaccine themselves. These responses were highly correlated (Pearson’s r=0.89). Parent age, sex, marital status, education level, and income were all associated with parents’ likelihood to vaccinate their children and themselves in bivariate analyses; race/ethnicity was significantly associated with parents’ likelihood to vaccinate their children. In multivariable analyses, younger parents were significantly less likely than older parents to vaccinate their children and themselves against COVID-19, as were parents with high school or less education compared with parents with bachelor’s degrees and non-Hispanic White parents compared with Hispanic parents (all p<.05).ConclusionIn this national survey, only approximately 60% of U.S. parents stated that they are likely to vaccinate their children or themselves against COVID-19. Addressing parents’ hesitancy to vaccinate themselves and their children against COVID-19 will be instrumental to achieving herd immunity in the US.
Non-COVID-19 patients in times of pandemic: decreased emergency department visits and increased out-of-hospital mortality in Northern Italy
Authors: Santi Luca , Golinelli Davide , Tampieri Andrea , Farina Gabriele , Greco Manfredi , Rosa Simona , Beleffi Michelle , Biavati Bianca , Campinoti Francesca , Guerrini Stefania , Ferrari Rodolfo , Rucci Paola , Fantini Maria Pia , Giostra Fabrizio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this was to assess the short-term impact of the pandemic on non-COVID-19 patients living in a one-million inhabitants area in Northern Italy (Bologna Metropolitan Area-BMA), analyzing time trends of Emergency Department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study using data extracted from BMA healthcare informative systems. Weekly trends of ED visits, hospitalizations, in- and out-of-hospital, all-cause and cause-specific mortality between December 1st, 2019 to May 31st, 2020, were compared with those of the same period of the previous year, using Joinpoint regression models and incidence rate ratios.ResultsNon-COVID-19 ED visits and hospitalizations showed a stable trend until the first Italian case of COVID-19 has been recorded, on February 19th, 2020, when they dropped simultaneously. The reduction of ED visits was observed in all age groups and across all severity and diagnosis groups. In the lockdown period a significant increase was found in overall out-of-hospital mortality (43.2%) and cause-specific out-of-hospital mortality related to neoplasms (76.7%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic (79.5%) as well as cardiovascular (32.7%) diseases.ConclusionsThe pandemic caused a sudden drop of ED visits and hospitalizations of non-COVID-19 patients during the lockdown period, and a concurrent increase in out-of-hospital mortality mainly driven by deaths for neoplasms, cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. The findings of this study might be useful to understand both the population reaction and the healthcare system response at the early phases of the pandemic in terms of reduced demand of care and systems capability in intercepting it.
Physiology of cardiomyocyte injury in COVID-19
Authors: Siddiq Mustafa M. , Chan Angel T. , Miorin Lisa , Yadaw Arjun S. , Beaumont Kristin G. , Kehrer Thomas , White Kris M. , Cupic Anastasija , Tolentino Rosa E. , Hu Bin , Stern Alan D. , Tavassoly Iman , Hansen Jens , Martinez Pedro , Dubois Nicole , Schaniel Christoph , Iyengar-Kapuganti Rupa , Kukar Nina , Giustino Gennaro , Sud Karan , Nirenberg Sharon , Kovatch Patricia , Goldfarb Joseph , Croft Lori , McLaughlin Maryann A. , Argulian Edgar , Lerakis Stamatios , Narula Jagat , García-Sastre Adolfo , Iyengar Ravi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 affects multiple organs. Clinical data from the Mount Sinai Health System shows that substantial numbers of COVID-19 patients without prior heart disease develop cardiac dysfunction. How COVID-19 patients develop cardiac disease is not known. We integrate cell biological and physiological analyses of human cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of interleukins, with clinical findings, to investigate plausible mechanisms of cardiac disease in COVID-19 patients. We infected hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, from healthy human subjects, with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence and presence of interleukins. We find that interleukin treatment and infection results in disorganization of myofibrils, extracellular release of troponin-I, and reduced and erratic beating. Although interleukins do not increase the extent, they increase the severity of viral infection of cardiomyocytes resulting in cessation of beating. Clinical data from hospitalized patients from the Mount Sinai Health system show that a significant portion of COVID-19 patients without prior history of heart disease, have elevated troponin and interleukin levels. A substantial subset of these patients showed reduced left ventricular function by echocardiography. Our laboratory observations, combined with the clinical data, indicate that direct effects on cardiomyocytes by interleukins and SARS-CoV-2 infection can underlie the heart disease in COVID-19 patients.One Sentence SummaryCardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells treated with interleukins and infected with SARS- CoV- 2 in cultures, show increased release of troponin, disorganization of myofibrils, and changes in beating mirroring specific pathologies in some COVID-19 patients.
Validation of a Computerized Cognitive Test Battery for Detection of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ye Siao , Sun Kevin , Huynh Duong , Phi Huy Q. , Ko Brian , Huang Bin , Ghomi Reza Hosseini 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection of dementia is critical for intervention and care planning but remains difficult. Computerized cognitive testing provides an accessible and promising solution to address these current challenges. This study evaluated a computerized cognitive testing battery (BrainCheck) for its diagnostic accuracy and ability to distinguish the severity of cognitive impairment.Methods99 participants diagnosed with Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), or Normal Cognition (NC) completed the BrainCheck battery. Statistical analyses compared participant performances on BrainCheck based on their diagnostic group.ResultsBrainCheck battery performance showed significant differences between the NC, MCI, and Dementia groups, achieving ≥88% sensitivity/specificity for separating NC from Dementia, and ≥77% sensitivity/specificity in separating the MCI group from NC/Dementia groups. Three-group classification found true positive rates ≥80% for the NC and Dementia groups and ≥64% for the MCI group.ConclusionsBrainCheck was able to distinguish between diagnoses of Dementia, MCI, and NC, providing a potentially reliable tool for early detection of cognitive impairment.
Application of transformers for predicting epilepsy treatment response
Authors: Choong Jiun , Hakeem Haris , Chen Zhibin , Brodie Martin , Lawn Nicholas , Drummond Tom , Kwan Patrick , Ge Zongyuan 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThere is growing interest in machine learning based approaches to assist clinicians in treatment selection. In the treatment of epilepsy, a common neurological disorder that affects 70 million people worldwide, previous research has employed scoring methods generated from traditional machine learning methods based on pre-treatment patient characteristics to classify those with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). In this study, we used an attention-based approach in predicting the response to different antiseizure medications (ASMs) in individuals with newly diagnosed epilepsy. By applying a conventional transformer to model the patient’s response, we can use the predicted probability to determine the success rate of specific ASMs. Applying the transformer allowed the model to place attention on patient information and past treatments to model future drug responses. We trained a conventional transformer model based on one cohort of 1536 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, compared its performance with other trained models using RNN and LSTM, and applied it to a validation cohort of 736 patients. In the development cohort, the transformer model showed the highest accuracy (81%) and AUC (0.85), and maintained similar accuracy and AUC (74% and 0.79, respectively) in the validation cohort.
Children with familial hypercholesterolemia display changes in LDL and HDL function: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Christensen Jacob J. , Narverud Ingunn , Ruuth Maija , Heier Martin , Jauhiainen Matti , Ulven Stine M. , Bogsrud Martin P. , Kovanen Petri T. , Halvorsen Bente , Oda Michael N. , Wium Cecilie , Retterstøl Kjetil , Öörni Katariina , Holven Kirsten B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe functional status of lipoprotein particles contributes to atherogenesis. The tendency of plasma LDL particles to aggregate and the ability of HDL particles to induce and mediate reverse cholesterol transport associate with high and low risk for cardiovascular disease in adult patients, respectively. However, it is unknown whether children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) display lipoprotein function alterations.HypothesisWe hypothesized that FH children had disrupted lipoprotein function.MethodsWe analyzed LDL aggregation susceptibility and HDL-apoA-I exchange to apoA-I ratio (HAE/apoA-I ratio), and activity of four proteins that regulate lipoprotein metabolism (CETP, LCAT, PLTP and PON1) in plasma samples derived from children with FH (n = 47) and from healthy children (n = 56). Potential biological mechanisms behind any variation in lipoprotein functionalities were explored using an NMR-based metabolomics profiling approach.ResultsLDL aggregation was higher and HAE/apoA-I ratio was lower in FH children than in healthy children. LDL aggregation associated positively with LDL-C and negatively with triglycerides, and HAE/apoA-I ratio associated negatively with LDL-C. Generally, the metabolomic profile for LDL aggregation was a mirror image of that for HAE/apoA-I ratio.ConclusionsFH children displayed increased atherogenicity of LDL and disrupted HDL function. These newly observed functional alterations in LDL and HDL may increase the risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in FH children.
Gender- and age-related differences in misuse of face masks in COVID-19 prevention in central European cities
Authors: Eckl Linda , Hansch Stefan 
Published: November 2020

1ABSTRACTObjectiveCorrect use of face masks is required for their efficacy in preventing possible droplet infections with SARS-CoV-2. We tried to provide information about differences in the distribution of gender and age groups wearing face masks incorrectly.DesignPilot field studyMethodsVisual observation of mask use in public, not age- and gender-related places in central European large cities regarding incorrect mask-wearing (n=523); statistical analysis (nominal scale) in terms of gender and estimated age group using the total numbers, binomial test and chi-square test.ResultsThere is no significant difference (binomial test: p-value = 0.43) in mask misuse between the genders (female: 271 (51.8%), male: 252 (48.2%) and 0 non-binary individuals (0%)). There is a significant difference (chi-square test: p-value < 2.2e-16) in age group distribution (170 young 10-29 years (32.5%), 261 middle-aged 30-59 years (49.9%), 92 older adults ≥ 60 years (17.6%)). In total numbers, the highest counts were observed in middle-aged persons with 261 counts (49.9%).ConclusionOur study shows an uneven age-distribution of people wearing the face mask in public improperly.
A systematic review of mask disinfection and reuse for SARS-CoV-2 (through July 10, 2020)
Authors: Rothe Miguel , Rohm Elsa , Mitchell Elizabeth , Bedrosian Noah , Kelly Christine , String Gabrielle , Lantagne Daniele 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWe conducted a systematic review of hygiene intervention effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2, including developing inclusion criteria, conducting the search, selecting articles for inclusion, and summarizing included articles. We reviewed 104,735 articles, and 109 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified, with 33 additional articles identified from reference chaining. Herein, we describe results from 58 mask disinfection and reuse studies, where the majority of data were collected using N95 masks. Please note, no disinfection method consistently removed >3 log of virus irrespective of concentration, contact time, temperature, and humidity. However, results show it is possible to achieve >3 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 using appropriate concentrations and contact times of chemical (ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid), radiation (PX-UV, UVGI), and thermal (autoclaving, heat) disinfection on N95 masks. N95 mask reuse and failure data indicate that hydrogen peroxide, heat, and UV-GI are promising for mask reuse, peracetic acid and PX-UV need more data, and autoclaving and ethanol lead to mask durability failures. Data on other mask types is limited. We thus recommend focusing guidelines and further research on the use of heat, hydrogen peroxide, and UVGI for N95 mask disinfection/reuse. All of these disinfection options could be investigated for use in LMIC and humanitarian contexts.TOC ArtSynopsisIn resource-limited contexts, N95s are reused. We recommend using heat, hydrogen peroxide, or UVGI to disinfect and reuse N95 masks.
Comparative analysis of three point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: data from 100 healthcare workers in Brazil
Authors: Conte Danielle Dias , Almeida Carvalho Joseane Mayara , de Souza Luna Luciano Kleber , Faíco-Filho Klinger Soares , Perosa Ana Helena , Bellei Nancy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Brazil has the third-highest number of confirmed cases and the second-highest number of recovered patients. SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR is the gold standard but requires a certified laboratory infrastructure with high-cost equipment and trained personnel. However, for large-scale testing, diagnostics should be fast, cost-effective, widely available, and deployed for the community, such as serological tests based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for IgM/IgG detection. We evaluated three different commercial point-of-care (POC) LFIAs for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG detection in capillary whole blood of 100 healthcare workers (HCW) from São Paulo university hospital previously tested by RT-PCR: 1) COVID-19 IgG/IgM BIO (Bioclin, Brazil), 2) Diagnostic kit for IgM/IgG Antibody to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (Livzon, China); and 3) SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test (Wondfo, China). A total of 84 positives and 16 negatives HCW were tested. The data was also analyzed by the number of days post symptoms (DPS) in three groups: <30 (n=26), 30-59 (n=42), and >59 (n=16). The observed sensibility was 85.71%, 47.62%, and 44.05% for Bioclin, Wondfo, and Livzon, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for all LFIA. Bioclin was more sensitive (p<0.01), regardless of the DPS. Thus, the Bioclin may be used as a POC test to monitor SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in HCW.
CV-α: designing validations sets to increase the precision and enable multiple comparison tests in genomic prediction
Authors: Yassue Rafael Massahiro , Sabadin José Felipe Gonzaga , Galli Giovanni , Alves Filipe Couto , Fritsche-Neto Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsually, the comparison among genomic prediction models is based on validation schemes as Repeated Random Subsampling (RRS) or K-fold cross-validation. Nevertheless, the design of training and validation sets has a high effect on the way and subjectiveness that we compare models. Those procedures cited above have an overlap across replicates that might cause an overestimated estimate and lack of residuals independence due to resampling issues and might cause less accurate results. Furthermore, posthoc tests, such as ANOVA, are not recommended due to assumption unfulfilled regarding residuals independence. Thus, we propose a new way to sample observations to build training and validation sets based on cross-validation alpha-based design (CV-α). The CV-α was meant to create several scenarios of validation (replicates x folds), regardless of the number of treatments. Using CV-α, the number of genotypes in the same fold across replicates was much lower than K-fold, indicating higher residual independence. Therefore, based on the CV-α results, as proof of concept, via ANOVA, we could compare the proposed methodology to RRS and K-fold, applying four genomic prediction models with a simulated and real dataset. Concerning the predictive ability and bias, all validation methods showed similar performance. However, regarding the mean squared error and coefficient of variation, the CV-α method presented the best performance under the evaluated scenarios. Moreover, as it has no additional cost nor complexity, it is more reliable and allows the use of non-subjective methods to compare models and factors. Therefore, CV-α can be considered a more precise validation methodology for model selection.
Alternate without alternative: Neither preference nor simple learning behaviour shown by C57BL/6J mice in the T-maze
Authors: Habedank Anne , Kahnau Pia , Lewejohann Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn rodents, the T-maze test is commonly used to investigate spontaneous alternating behaviour but it can also be used to investigate memory, stimuli discrimination or preference between goods. However, especially regarding T-maze preference tests there is no recommended protocol and researchers frequently report reproduction difficulties of this test using mice.Here, we aimed to develop an efficient protocol with female C57BL/6J mice, conducting two preference tests with different design: In a first test, on two consecutive days with five trials, thirteen mice had to choose between two fluids. In a second preference test, on five consecutive days with two (week 1) or three (week 2) trials, twelve mice had to choose between one arm containing bedding mixed with millet and one containing only bedding. This test design resembled a simple learning test (learn where to find the rewarded and the unrewarded arm on the basis of spatial, olfactory and visual cues).In both experiments, mice took only a few seconds per trial to run the maze and make their choice. However, in both experiments mice failed to show any preference for one of the arms. Instead, they alternated choices. We therefore believe the T-maze test to be rather unsuitable to test preference or learning behaviour with C57BL/6J mice.
KNOX HOMOLOGS SHOOT MERISTEMLESS(STM) andKNAT6are epistatic toCLAVATA3(CLV3) during embryonic meristem development inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nidhi Sharma , Tie Liu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInArabidopsis, the genesSHOOT MERISTEMLESS(STM) andCLAVATA3(CLV3) antagonistically regulate shoot meristem development.STMis essential for both development and maintenance of the meristem, asstmmutants fail to develop a shoot meristem during embryogenesis.CLV3, on the other hand, negatively regulates meristem proliferation, andclv3mutants possess an enlarged shoot meristem. Genetic interaction studies revealed thatstmandclv3dominantly suppress each other’s phenotypes.STMworks in conjunction with its closely related homologueKNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX GENE 6 (KNAT6)to promote meristem development and organ separation, asstm knat6double mutants fail to form a meristem and produce a fused cotyledon. In this study, we show thatclv3fails to promote post-embryonic meristem formation instm-1background if we also removeKNAT6. stm-1 knat6 clv3triple mutants result in early meristem termination and produce fused cotyledons similar tostm knat6double mutant. Notably, thestm-1 knat6andstm-1 knat6 clv3alleles lack tissue in the presumed region of SAM.stm knat6 clv3also showed reduced inflorescence size and shoot apex size as compared toclv3single orstm clv3double mutants. In contrast to previously published data, these data suggest thatstmis epistatic toclv3in postembryonic meristem development.HighlightSTMandKNAT6genes determine post-embryonic meristem formation and activity in Arabidopsis.clv3mutation is unable to rescue thestm knat6meristemless phenotype.
Multi-Modal Profiling of Human Fetal Liver-Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells Reveals the Molecular Signature of Engraftment Potential
Authors: Vanuytsel Kim , Villacorta-Martin Carlos , Lindstrom-Vautrin Jonathan , Wang Zhe , Garcia-Beltran Wilfredo F. , Vrbanac Vladimir , Matte Taylor M. , Dowrey Todd W. , Kumar Sara S. , Li Mengze , Dries Ruben , Campbell Joshua D. , Belkina Anna C. , Balazs Alejandro B. , Murphy George J. 
Published: November 2020

SUMMARYThe human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) harbors remarkable regenerative potential that can be harnessed therapeutically. During early development, HSCs in the fetal liver (FL) undergo active expansion while simultaneously retaining robust engraftment capacity, yet the underlying molecular program responsible for their efficient engraftment remains unclear. We profiled 26,407 FL cells at both transcriptional and protein levels including over 7,000 highly enriched and functional FL HSCs to establish a detailed molecular signature of engraftment potential. Integration of transcript and linked cell surface marker expression revealed a generalizable signature defining functional FL HSCs and allowed for the stratification of enrichment strategies with high translational potential. This comprehensive, multi-modal profiling of engraftment capacity connects a critical biological function at a key developmental timepoint with its underlying molecular drivers, serving as a useful resource for the field.