bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption–desorption behavior of the endocrine-disrupting chemical quinestrol in soils
Authors: Guo Mingcheng , Lin Qin , Xu Zhenlan , Zhang Chunrong , Zhao Xueping , Tang Tao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuinestrol (QUN), a synthetic estrogen used as an oral contraceptive or emergency contraceptive component, has been shown to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical. To assess the environmental risk of QUN, batch equilibration experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption–desorption of QUN in five contrasting soils from different areas of China. The leaching properties were also calculated based on the adsorption and degradation data from our previous study with the same soils. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied to the sorption–desorption data to examine the affinity towards QUN of the soils, which had varying physical and chemical properties. The Kf and Kfdes values of QUN in the tested soils ranged from 3.72 to 20.47 mg1−n Ln kg−1 and from 1.26 to 7.8 mg1−n Ln kg−1, respectively, and Qm ranged from 28.25 to 126.58 mg/kg. The desorption data showed that hysteresis occurred. The Kf and Kfdes values of QUN were positively correlated with the soil total organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and it may be due to the content of TOC and CEC exhibited a positive correlation. A low mobility potential of QUN in soils was predicted and verified the adsorption results by the groundwater ubiquity score (GUS) and retardation factor (Rf).
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample
Authors: Puschnig J. , Hayes M. , Östlin G. , Cannon J. , Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Husemann B. , Kunth D. , Bridge J. , Herenz E. C. , Messa M. , Oteo I. 
Published: August 2020

Context. Lyman-α (Lyα) is the brightest emission line in star-forming galaxies. However, its interpretation in terms of physical properties is hampered by the resonant nature of Lyα photons. In order to remedy this complicated situation, the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample (LARS) was defined, enabling the study of Lyα production and escape mechanisms in 14 local star-forming galaxies.
Aims. With this paper, we complement our efforts and study the global dust and (molecular) gas content as well as the properties of gas associated with photon-dominated regions. We aim to characterize the interstellar medium of LARS galaxies, allowing us to relate these newly derived properties to quantities relevant for Lyα escape.
Methods. We observed LARS galaxies with Herschel, SOFIA, the IRAM 30m telescope, and APEX, targeting far-infrared (FIR) continuum and emission lines of [C II]158 μm, [O I]63 μm, [O III]88 μm, and low-J CO lines. Using Bayesian methods we derived dust model parameters and estimated the total gas masses for all LARS galaxies, taking into account a metallicity-dependent gas-to-dust ratio. Star formation rates were estimated from FIR, [C II]158 μm, and [O I]63 μm luminosities.
Results. LARS covers a wide dynamic range in the derived properties, with FIR-based star formation rates from ∼0.5−100 M⊙ yr−1, gas fractions between ∼15−80%, and gas depletion times ranging from a few hundred megayears up to more than ten gigayears. The distribution of LARS galaxies in the Σgas versus ΣSFR (Kennicutt–Schmidt plane) is thus quite heterogeneous. However, we find that LARS galaxies with the longest gas depletion times, that is, relatively high gas surface densities (Σgas) and low star formation rate densities (ΣSFR), have by far the highest Lyα escape fraction. A strong approximately linear relation is found between the Lyα escape fraction and the total gas (HI+H2) depletion time. We argue that the Lyα escape in those galaxies is driven by turbulence in the star-forming gas that shifts the Lyα photons out of resonance close to the places where they originate. We further report on an extreme [C II]158 μm excess in LARS 5, corresponding to ∼14 ± 3% of the FIR luminosity, which probably is the most extreme [C II]-to-FIR ratio observed in a galaxy (without active nucleus) to date.
Large-scale informatic analysis to algorithmically identify blood biomarkers of neurological damage
Authors: O’Connell Grant C. , Alder Megan L. , Smothers Christine G. , Chang Julia H. C. 
Published: August 2020

SignificanceThe discovery and development of precision blood biomarkers which can accurately detect damage to brain tissue could transform how we diagnose and treat neurological pathologies. In this study, we used mRNA expression data generated from thousands of tissue samples to algorithmically evaluate nearly every protein-coding gene in the human genome in terms of potential to produce blood biomarkers for neurological damage based on expression profiles both across the body and within the brain. This unprecedented analysis identifies a plethora of previously unexplored candidate blood biomarkers which could have clinical utility for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of various common neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and multiple sclerosis.
The placement of co-verbgěiin spoken Mandarin varieties
Authors: Peng Chun-Yi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMany spoken Mandarin varieties allow for the oscillation of the co-verbgěi‘give’ between the pre- and post-verbal positions. Much attention has been directed to semantic and syntactic factors that constrain its placement. However, language external factors remain under-researched. This study examines sociolinguistic including regional influences on the variable placement of the co-verbgěiin spoken Mandarin. Data is collected at both production and perception levels to investigate the regional and social distributions of thegěi-phrase. At the production level, the data suggests that substrate influences from a speaker’s home vernacular play a crucial role. Results at the perception level remain inconclusive, and more research is required to unpack the complex role of sociolinguistic factors in such variation.
Modelling, simulation, and experimental verification of a pendulum-flywheel vibrational energy harvester
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Gao Mingyuan , Ouyang Huajiang , Li Shoutai , He Qing , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Vibration energy harvesting has been a popular topic in recent years. This technology is promising in developing self-powered sensor nodes for health condition monitoring of machines or structures, especially in remote areas. This study proposes a pendulum-flywheel vibration energy harvester based on the electromagnetic energy conversion mechanism. The harvester has two motion modes, namely the pendulum mode and eccentric flywheel mode, and can switch between the two modes automatically in response to external excitations.
We first establish a theoretical model and fabricate a prototype of the harvester for evaluating its performance. Then, experimental and theoretical methods are employed to estimate the parameters of the model, such as the dipole moment of magnets, the mechanical damping coefficients, and the optimal resistance of the external electrical load. The typical trajectories of different motion modes, the frequency response characteristics, and the influence factors on the basins of attraction of the harvester are studied with the theoretical model. It is found that the small magnet distance can broaden the frequency band and enlarge the amplitude of the dynamic responses of the system. This finding provides us with an approach to control the performance of harvester and enables it to have stronger adaptability to variant ambient vibration in nature. Finally, laboratory tests are performed to validate the theoretical model. The experimental data verified the assumption that the rotation speed of the pendulum and the induced electromotive voltage have a linear relationship. Experimental and numerical simulation results show that the errors between them in most cases are less than 10% when the excitation displacement is small and have a slight increase with the excitation displacement. In the experiments, this harvester achieves a maximum power of 16.3 mW, exhibiting good performance in comparison with the-state-of-the-art pendulum-based harvesters.
The Impact of Alien Plant Species on Environmental Parameters Habitats Slope Forest-Steppe
Authors: Lepeshkina L A , Voronin A A , Klevtsova M A , Krutova O V , Yeprintsev S A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This research looks at the results of studying the role of invasive plant species in the transformation of habitats. Changes in the main environmental parameters are established tracts gullies oak and meadow-steppe tracts (soil moisture, climate humicity, soil richness, light-shading). Expands cenotic specificity of plant invasions in Middle Russian Upland conditions caused by heterogeneity of habitat landscape and its human evolution. Consequences of plant invasions identify cenotic and landscape ecological strategy of invasive species in the region, resulting in the replacement (dubbing) is not only at the species level, but also at the level of zonal types of communities.
Acoustic and Eddy Current Methods of Nondestructive Testing of Thermally Expanded Graphite Sheets
Authors: Bogdan O P , Zlobin D V , Muravieva O V , Muraviev V V , Volkova L V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper presents noncontact methods for testing the density of thermally expanded graphite (TEG) sheets: acoustic shadow method, based on the evaluation of the transmission coefficient of the acoustic wave in high frequency range, and eddy current method, based on the evaluation of the complex resistance of parametric surface-mounted eddy-current transducer. Rresults of investigation of the sensitivity curves for the sheets and mats of TEG in a wide range of their density variations. According to the results of the experiment, there is a decrease in the amplitude parameter U in the implementation of the acoustic shadow method with an increase in the density of TEG sheets. Increasing the density of TEG sheets also leads to a linear decrease in the complex resistance of eddy current transducer.
Crushing deutetrabenazine for treatment of tardive dyskinesia in a patient with severe orofacial symptoms: A case report
Authors: Wietholter Jon P , Sizemore Jenna , Piechowski Kara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that results from exposure to dopamine receptor antagonists and/or first- and second-generation antipsychotics. While cessation of the offending agent(s) through early detection is recommended, TD symptoms may be irreversible and require further treatment. Deutetrabenazine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of persistent TD. Irreversible orofacial dyskinesia, a common affliction in TD, can progress to severe oropharyngeal dysphagia requiring alternate means of nutrition and medication delivery. Enteral administration of crushed deutetrabenazine has not been studied, and its use to treat TD in patients who cannot take medications by mouth has not been reported previously.

Summary
A 38-year-old female patient with a history of bipolar I disorder and TD secondary to atypical antipsychotic exposure developed worsening athetosis, hyperkinesia, and severe orofacial dyskinesia after initiation of ziprasidone. The patient had no improvement after discontinuation of atypical antipsychotics and required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement for nutrition due to persistent aspiration and inability to tolerate oral nutrition. Despite a lack of information regarding administration of crushed deutetrabenazine tablets via PEG, that form of therapy was initiated and resulted in improvement of TD symptoms without noticeable adverse effects.

Conclusion
TD can result in significant orofacial dyskinesia with impaired delivery of needed medications and nutrition. We describe a case in which a patient with severe TD and orofacial dyskinesia experienced improvement of symptoms with use of crushed deutetrabenazine. Larger studies to further evaluate use of crushed deutetrabenazine for treatment of TD are needed.
Expression-based prediction of human essential genes and candidate lncRNAs in cancer cells
Authors: Kuang Shuzhen , Wei Yanzhang , Wang Liangjiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Essential genes are required for the reproductive success at either cellular or organismal level. The identification of essential genes is important for understanding the core biological processes and identifying effective therapeutic drug targets. However, experimental identification of essential genes is costly, time consuming and labor intensive. Although several machine learning models have been developed to predict essential genes, these models are not readily applicable to lncRNAs. Moreover, the currently available models cannot be used to predict essential genes in a specific cancer type.

Results
In this study, we have developed a new machine learning approach, XGEP (eXpression-based Gene Essentiality Prediction), to predict essential genes and candidate lncRNAs in cancer cells. The novelty of XGEP lies in the utilization of relevant features derived from the TCGA transcriptome dataset through collaborative embedding. When evaluated on the pan-cancer dataset, XGEP was able to accurately predict human essential genes and achieve significantly higher performance than previous models. Notably, several candidate lncRNAs selected by XGEP are reported to promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis. Moreover, XGEP also demonstrated superior performance on cancer-type-specific datasets to identify essential genes. The comprehensive lists of candidate essential genes in specific cancer types may be used to guide experimental characterization and facilitate the discovery of drug targets for cancer therapy.

Availability and implementation
The source code and datasets used in this study are freely available at https://github.com/BioDataLearning/XGEP.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rapid Antiretroviral Therapy Among Individuals With Acute and Early HIV
Authors: Martin Thomas C S , Abrams Matthew , Anderson Christy , Little Susan J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
HIV transmission is increased during acute and early HIV (AEH). Rapid antiretroviral therapy may shorten the duration of infectivity. We show rapid antiretroviral therapy in AEH is acceptable and effective, with 69.0% of participants starting ART within 7 days of HIV diagnosis disclosure, and 88.1% achieving suppression by 48 weeks.
Left ventricular thrombus on cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hooks Matthew , Okasha Osama , Velangi Pratik S , Nijjar Prabhjot S , Farzaneh-Far Afshin , Shenoy Chetan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Case reports have described left ventricular (LV) thrombus in patients with non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). We aimed to systematically study the characteristics, predictors, and outcomes of LV thrombus in NICM.

Methods and results
Forty-eight patients with LV thrombus detected on late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (LGE CMR) in NICM were compared with 124 patients with LV thrombus in ischaemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), and 144 matched patients with no LV thrombus in NICM. The performance of echocardiography for the detection of LV thrombus was compared between NICM and ICM. The 12-month incidence of embolism was compared between the three study groups. Independent predictors of LV thrombus in NICM were LV ejection fraction (LVEF) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.36 per 5% decrease; P = 0.002], LGE presence (HR 6.30; P &lt; 0.001), and LGE extent (HR 1.33 per 5% increase; P = 0.001). Compared with patients with LV thrombus in ICM, those with LV thrombus in NICM had a 10-fold higher prevalence of thrombi in other cardiac chambers. The performance of echocardiography for the detection of LV thrombus was not different between NICM and ICM. The 12-month incidence of embolism associated with LV thrombus was not different between NICM and ICM (8.7% vs. 6.8%; P = 0.69) but both were higher compared with no LV thrombus in NICM (1.5%).

Conclusion
Independent predictors of LV thrombus in NICM were lower LVEF, LGE presence, and greater LGE extent. The 12-month incidence of embolism associated with LV thrombus in NICM was not different compared with LV thrombus in ICM.
Beyond the ‘Sham’ Critique and the Narrative of Humanitarianism: A Rejoinder to Jochen von Bernstorff
Authors: Benvenisti Eyal , Lustig Doreen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We are very grateful to Professor von Bernstorff for taking the trouble to read and comment on our article,1 which is a segment of a larger research project. His feedback will be invaluable in taking this project successfully to its next stage. While we could not address each and every aspect of his critique, the following response addresses four elements: the assertion that we argued that international humanitarian law (IHL) is merely a sham; his description of our historical approach as focused on the domestic; the ramifications of our historical analysis for future interpretation of IHL; and the challenge of one’s Vorverständnis to historical research.
On the helicity characteristics and induced emf of magnetic-Coriolis wave packets
Authors: McDermott B R , Davidson P A 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
In a rapidly rotating Boussinesq fluid, buoyant anomalies radiate low-frequency inertial wave packets that disperse along the rotation axis. The wave packets lead to axially elongated vortices, which propagate negative (positive) kinetic helicity upwards (downwards) with respect to the rotation vector. The kinetic helicity carried by the inertial wave packets is near-maximal relative to the velocity and vorticity fields. In classical mean-field theory, kinetic helicity is often associated with the α-effect, which is thought to be an important ingredient for planetary dynamos. The modification of inertial wave packets in the presence of a transverse uniform magnetic field is investigated here, motivated by small-scale dynamics in planetary cores, where a large-scale magnetic field affects fluid motions. We study numerically the dispersion of wave packets from an isolated buoyant source and from a random layer of buoyant anomalies, while varying the Lehnert number Le—the ratio of the frequencies of Alfvén and inertial waves. We find that for Le &lt; 0.1, the vortices are columnar and continue to segregate kinetic helicity so that it is negative (positive) above (below) the buoyant source. Importantly, the wave packets induce an α-effect, which remains strong and coherent for Earth-like values of the Lehnert number (Le &lt; 0.1). The interaction of wave packets emitted by multiple neighbouring buoyant sources results in an α-effect that is stronger than the α-effect induced by wave packets launched from an isolated buoyant source, and we provide an analytical explanation for this. The coherence of the α-effect induced by the wave packets, for Earth-like values of the Lehnert number, lends support to the α2 dynamo model driven by helical waves.
Petrophysically and geologically guided multi-physics inversion using a dynamic Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Astic Thibaut , Heagy Lindsey J , Oldenburg Douglas W 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYIn a previous paper, we introduced a framework for carrying out petrophysically and geologically guided geophysical inversions. In that framework, petrophysical and geological information is modelled with a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). In the inversion, the GMM serves as a prior for the geophysical model. The formulation and applications were confined to problems in which a single physical property model was sought, and a single geophysical data set was available. In this paper, we extend that framework to jointly invert multiple geophysical data sets that depend on multiple physical properties. The petrophysical and geological information is used to couple geophysical surveys that, otherwise, rely on independent physics. This requires advancements in two areas. First, an extension from a univariate to a multivariate analysis of the petrophysical data, and their inclusion within the inverse problem, is necessary. Secondly, we address the practical issues of simultaneously inverting data from multiple surveys and finding a solution that acceptably reproduces each one, along with the petrophysical and geological information. To illustrate the efficacy of our approach and the advantages of carrying out multi-physics inversions coupled with petrophysical and geological information, we invert synthetic gravity and magnetic data associated with a kimberlite deposit. The kimberlite pipe contains two distinct facies embedded in a host rock. Inverting the data sets individually, even with petrophysical information, leads to a binary geological model: background or undetermined kimberlite. A multi-physics inversion, with petrophysical information, differentiates between the two main kimberlite facies of the pipe. Through this example, we also highlight the capabilities of our framework to work with interpretive geological assumptions when minimal quantitative information is available. In those cases, the dynamic updates of the GMM allow us to perform multi-physics inversions by learning a petrophysical model.
Green windows of opportunity: latecomer development in the age of transformation toward sustainability
Authors: Lema Rasmus , Fu Xiaolan , Rabellotti Roberta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe world is in the early stages of a paradigm transition toward a global green economy. In this article, we propose the notion of green windows of opportunity, highlighting the importance of institutional changes in the creation of new opportunities for latecomer development. We emphasize how demand and mission-guided technical change influence the directionality of latecomer development and highlight the important role emerging economies may attain in the global green transformation. We provide important insights regarding opportunities for green development in emerging economies, how these opportunities emerge in different renewable energy sectors and their implications for the global green economy.