bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for the prevention and management of occupational stress injury in first responders: a rapid overview of reviews
Authors: Antony Jesmin , Brar Raman , Khan Paul A. , Ghassemi Marco , Nincic Vera , Sharpe Jane P. , Straus Sharon E. , Tricco Andrea C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
First responders are a high-risk population for occupational stress injuries as they often encounter prolonged stress within their line of work. The aim of this rapid overview of reviews is to summarize existing evidence on interventions for the prevention and management of occupational stress injury (OSI) in first responders.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for systematic reviews examining the impact of prevention, rehabilitation, and resilience-building strategies targeting frontline community safety personnel in February 2019. Pairs of reviewers screened titles and abstracts followed by full-text articles and conducted data abstraction and quality appraisal using the AMSTAR II tool. To ensure a rapid overview process, the search strategy was limited to the last 10 years, quality appraisal of reviews and abstraction of study-level data was completed by one person and verified by another, and the quality of the individual primary studies was not appraised. The findings were summarized descriptively.

Results
A total of 14 reviews with 47 unique primary studies were found after screening 1393 records. A majority of studies targeted OSI in police officers (78.7%), followed by firefighters (17%) and correctional officers (4.3%). Of the 47 included primary studies, 24 targeted prevention of OSI (i.e., resilience training, stress management, suicide prevention, and other health promotions) and 23 targeted rehabilitation (i.e., drug therapy, psychotherapy, and other therapies). Prevention strategies including resilience training programs had positive outcomes, while suicide prevention and psychotherapy interventions reported mixed results.

Conclusions
Some promising interventions targeting the prevention and rehabilitation of OSI among police officers, firefighters, and correctional officers were identified in the included studies, and these results will serve as a basis for the development of evidence-based strategies to mitigate future risks in this population. However, several gaps were also identified in this area that will require further investigation prior to widespread implementation of effective interventions.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019125945
Use and uptake of web-based therapeutic interventions amongst Indigenous populations in Australia, New Zealand, the United States of America and Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Reilly Rachel , Stephens Jacqueline , Micklem Jasmine , Tufanaru Catalin , Harfield Stephen , Fisher Ike , Pearson Odette , Ward James 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Barriers to receiving optimal healthcare exist for Indigenous populations globally for a range of reasons. To overcome such barriers and enable greater access to basic and specialist care, developments in information and communication technologies are being applied. The focus of this scoping review is on web-based therapeutic interventions (WBTI) that aim to provide guidance, support and treatment for health problems.

Objectives
This review identifies and describes international scientific evidence on WBTI used by Indigenous peoples in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and USA for managing and treating a broad range of health conditions.

Eligibility criteria
Studies assessing WBTI designed for Indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada, USA and New Zealand, that were published in English, in peer-reviewed literature, from 2006 to 2018 (inclusive), were considered for inclusion in the review. Studies were considered if more than 50% of participants were Indigenous, or if results were reported separately for Indigenous participants.

Sources of evidence
Following a four-step search strategy in consultation with a research librarian, 12 databases were searched with a view to finding both published and unpublished studies.

Charting methods
Data was extracted, synthesised and reported under four main conceptual categories: (1) types of WBTI used, (2) community uptake of WBTI, (3) factors that impact on uptake and (4) conclusions and recommendations for practice.

Results
A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. The WBTI used were interactive websites, screening and assessment tools, management and monitoring tools, gamified avatar-based psychological therapy and decision support tools. Other sources reported the use of mobile apps, multimedia messaging or a mixture of intervention tools. Most sources reported moderate uptake and improved health outcomes for Indigenous people. Suggestions to improve uptake included as follows: tailoring content and presentation formats to be culturally relevant and appropriate, customisable and easy to use.

Conclusions
Culturally appropriate, evidence-based WBTI have the potential to improve health, overcome treatment barriers and reduce inequalities for Indigenous communities. Access to WBTI, alongside appropriate training, allows health care workers to better support their Indigenous clients. Developing WBTI in partnership with Indigenous communities ensures that these interventions are accepted and promoted by the communities.
Enablers and barriers of people with chronic musculoskeletal pain for engaging in telehealth interventions: protocol for a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis
Authors: Fernandes Lívia G. , Devan Hemakumar , Kamper Steven J. , Williams Christopher M. , Saragiotto Bruno T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic musculoskeletal pain represents an enormous burden in society. Best-practice care for chronic musculoskeletal pain suggests adoption of self-management strategies. Telehealth interventions (e.g., videoconferencing) are a promising approach to promote self-management and have the potential to overcome geographical barriers between patient and care providers. Understanding patient perspectives will inform and identify practical challenges towards applying the self-management strategies delivered via telehealth to everyday lives. The aim of this study is to synthesize the perceptions of individuals with musculoskeletal pain with regards to enablers and barriers to engaging in telehealth interventions for chronic musculoskeletal pain self-management.

Methods
A systematic review of qualitative studies will be performed based on searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, and PsycINFO databases. Screening of identified titles will be conducted by two independent investigators. Data extraction will retrieve detailed qualitative information from selected articles. The critical appraisal skills program (CASP) checklist will be used for critical appraisal of included studies, and the level of confidence in the findings will be assessed using the confidence in the evidence from reviews of qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual). A thematic synthesis approach will be used to derive analytical themes.

Discussion
This review will systematically identify, synthesize, and present enablers and barriers reported by people with musculoskeletal pain to engage in telehealth interventions. The review will provide information required to support the design and improvement of telehealth services.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42019136148
Existence of multiple solutions for nonlinear multi-point boundary value problems
Authors: Li Hongyu , Chen Yang , Zhang Junting 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study some nonlinear second order multi-point boundary value problems. We first give a lemma about the characteristic values of the corresponding linear operator. Then, by fixed point theorems in the recent existing literature, we obtain the existence of multiple solutions for these nonlinear second order multi-point boundary value problems, including two positive solutions, two negative solutions, and one sign-changing solution.
On a fractional Caputo–Hadamard problem with boundary value conditions via different orders of the Hadamard fractional operators
Authors: Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram , Sakar Fethiye Muge 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe investigate the existence of solutions for a Caputo–Hadamard fractional integro-differential equation with boundary value conditions involving the Hadamard fractional operators via different orders. By using the Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem, the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative, and the Banach contraction principle, we prove our main results. Also, we provide three examples to illustrate our main results.
Factors associated with mobile phone ownership and potential use for rabies vaccination campaigns in southern Malawi
Authors: Marron Orla , Thomas Gareth , Burdon Bailey Jordana L. , Mayer Dagmar , Grossman Paul O. , Lohr Frederic , Gibson Andy D. , Gamble Luke , Chikungwa Patrick , Chulu Julius , Handel Ian G. , de C Bronsvoort Barend M. , Mellanby Richard J. , Mazeri Stella 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRabies is a fatal but preventable viral disease, which causes an estimated 59 000 human deaths globally every year. The vast majority of human rabies cases are attributable to bites from infected domestic dogs and consequently control of rabies in the dog population through mass vaccination campaigns is considered the most effective method of eliminating the disease. Achieving the WHO target of 70% vaccination coverage has proven challenging in low-resource settings such as Sub Saharan Africa, and lack of public awareness about rabies vaccination campaigns is a major barrier to their success. In this study we surveyed communities in three districts in Southern Malawi to assess the extent of and socio-economic factors associated with mobile phone ownership and explore the attitudes of communities towards the use of short message service (SMS) to inform them of upcoming rabies vaccination clinics.MethodsThis study was carried out between 1 October–3 December 2018 during the post-vaccination assessment of the annual dog rabies campaign in Blantyre, Zomba and Chiradzulu districts, Malawi. 1882 questionnaires were administered to households in 90 vaccination zones. The surveys gathered data on mobile phone ownership and use, and barriers to mobile phone access. A multivariable regression model was used to understand factors related to mobile phone ownership.ResultsMost survey respondents owned or had use of a mobile phone, however there was evidence of an inequality of access, with higher education level, living in Blantyre district and being male positively associated with mobile phone ownership. The principal barrier to mobile phone ownership was the cost of the phone itself. Basic feature phones were most common and few owned smartphones. SMS was commonly used and the main reason for not using SMS was illiteracy. Attitudes to receiving SMS reminders about future rabies vaccination campaigns were positive.ConclusionsThe study showed a majority of those surveyed have the use of a mobile phone and most mobile phone owners indicated they would like to receive SMS messages about future rabies vaccination campaigns. This study provides insight into the feasibility of distributing information about rabies vaccination campaigns using mobile phones in Malawi.
Physical restraint during inpatient treatment of adolescent anorexia nervosa: frequency, clinical correlates, and associations with outcome at five-year follow-up
Authors: Blikshavn Thomas , Halvorsen Inger , Rø Øyvind 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Studies of the use and effects of physical restraint in anorexia nervosa (AN) treatment are lacking. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of physical restraint in a specialized program for adolescents with AN, and to examine if meal-related physical restraint (forced nasogastric tube-feeding) was related to 5-year outcome.

Method
Thirty-eight (66% of 58) patients with AN (mean age 15.9, SD = 1.9) admitted to a regional, specialized adolescent eating disorders (ED) inpatient unit. Patient data, including restraint episodes, were obtained from hospital records, and outcome was assessed at a 5-year follow-up.

Results
A total of 201 restraint episodes occurred over 5513 days of inpatient treatment, including 109 meal-related episodes and 56 episodes to avoid self-harm. Twelve (32%) patients experienced at least one restraint episode during the admission, of which eight (21%) experienced meal-related restraint. Four patients represented 91% of all restraint episodes, experiencing 10 or more episodes during admission. Meal-related restraint was significantly associated with a higher rate of persisting ED diagnosis, but not with weight gain during admission, EDE-Q global score or BMI at follow-up.

Conclusions
Restraint episodes occurred rather infrequently. A small number of patients (n = 4) accounted for a high proportion of episodes (91%). More knowledge is important to reduce the need for restraint in treatment for AN.
A theoretical review of interpersonal emotion regulation in eating disorders: enhancing knowledge by bridging interpersonal and affective dysfunction
Authors: Christensen Kara A. , Haynos Ann F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) frequently report interpersonal and affective dysfunction. A useful lens for uniting these ideas is through the framework of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER), which consists of the ways others assist a distressed individual and how this shapes his or her subsequent emotional, behavioral, and cognitive responses. In this theoretical review, we provide an overview of the rationale for exploring IER and review IER processes in this population using the framework of the Process Model of Emotion Regulation. Finally, we offer suggestions for next steps in conducting research. IER offers a parsimonious way to explore social and emotional constructs related to ED pathology and may provide potential targets for prevention and intervention in these difficult-to-treat disorders.
Sleep and physical activity in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder in remission, their first-degree unaffected relatives and healthy controls
Authors: la Cour Karottki Nikolaj Folke , Coello Klara , Stanislaus Sharleny , Melbye Sigurd , Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Sletved Kimie Stefanie Ormstrup , Kessing Lars Vedel , Vinberg Maj 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Sleep disturbances are a central feature in bipolar disorder (BD) that often persist in remission and seem to be present also in unaffected first-degree relatives (UR) of patients with BD, presenting a possible risk factor for later onset of BD. However, it is unknown if these disturbances are associated with unhealthy life-style as reflected in low levels of physical activity. We investigated sleep disturbances and physical activity levels in patients with newly diagnosed BD in full or partial remission, their UR and healthy controls (HC).

Methods
Sleep patterns and physical activity were compared in 227 patients with newly diagnosed BD, 76 UR and 148 HC. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to assess sleep disturbances and physical activity, respectively.

Results
In sex- and age-adjusted analyses, patients with BD exhibited more sleep disturbances and lower physical activity compared with UR and HC, respectively. Unaffected relatives reported significantly longer sleep latency and a non-significant trend towards more overall sleep disturbances compared with HC.

Conclusions
Sleep disturbances and less physical activity are present in patients with newly diagnosed BD in partial or full remission. Individuals at familiar risk of BD reported longer sleep latency and similar physical activity compared with HC. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify whether these discrete sleep disturbances act as risk factor for later onset of BD and whether increased physical activity in high-risk individuals may act as a protective factor against development of psychiatric illness.
The effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on risk and protective factors of depressive relapse – a randomized wait-list controlled trial
Authors: Schanche Elisabeth , Vøllestad Jon , Visted Endre , Svendsen Julie Lillebostad , Osnes Berge , Binder Per Einar , Franer Petter , Sørensen Lin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this randomized wait-list controlled trial was to explore the effects of Mindfulness–Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on risk and protective factors for depressive relapse within the domains of cognition, emotion and self-relatedness.

Methods
Sixty-eight individuals with recurrent depressive disorder were randomized to MBCT or a wait-list control condition (WLC).

Results
Completers of MBCT (N = 26) improved significantly on measures assessing risk and protective factors of recurrent depression compared to WLC (N = 30) on measures of rumination (d = 0.59, p = .015), emotion regulation (d = 0.50, p = .028), emotional reactivity to stress (d = 0.32, p = .048), self-compassion (d = 1.02, p < .001), mindfulness (d = 0.59, p = .010), and depression (d = 0.40, p = .018). In the Intention To Treat sample, findings were attenuated, but there were still significant results on measures of rumination, self-compassion and depression.

Conclusions
Findings from the present trial contribute to evidence that MBCT can lead to reduction in risk factors of depressive relapse, and strengthening of factors known to be protective of depressive relapse. The largest changes were found in the domain of self-relatedness, in the form of large effects on the participants’ ability to be less self-judgmental and more self-compassionate.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ISRCTN18001392. Registered 29 June 2018
A proposed severity classification of borderline symptoms using the borderline symptom list (BSL-23)
Authors: Kleindienst Nikolaus , Jungkunz Martin , Bohus Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23) is a well-established self-rating instrument to assess the severity of borderline typical psychopathology. However, a classification of severity levels for the BSL-23 is missing.MethodsData from 1.090 adults were used to develop a severity classification for the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23). The severity grading was based on the distribution of the BSL-23 in 241 individuals with a diagnosis of BPD. Data from three independent samples were used to validate the previously defined severity grades.These validation samples included a group of treatment seeking patients with a diagnosis of BPD (n = 317), a sample of individuals with mental illnesses other than BPD (n = 176), and a healthy control sample (n = 356). The severity grades were validated from comparisons with established assessment instruments such as the International Personality Disorders Examination, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the global severity index of the Symptom Checklist (GSI, SCL-90), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II).ResultsSix grades of symptom severity were defined for the BSL-23 mean score: none or low: 0–0.28; mild: 0.28–1.07; moderate: 1.07–1.87; high: 1.87–2.67; very high: 2.67–3.47; and extremely high: 3.47–4. These grades received consistent empirical support from the independent instruments and samples. For instance, individuals with a severity grade ofnone or lowwere virtually free from diagnostic BPD-criteria, had a GSI below the normative population, and a high level of global functioning corresponding to few or no symptoms. Severity grades indicatinghightoextremely highlevels of BPD symptoms were observed at a much higher rate in treatment-seeking patients (70.0%) than in clinical controls (17.6%) and healthy controls (0.0%). The BSL-23 score that best separated treatment-seeking BPD patients and clinical controls was 1.50, whereas the clearest discrimination of BPD patients and healthy controls was found at a score of 0.64.ConclusionsThe grades of BPD-specific symptom severity derived from the distribution of the BSL-23 scores received consistent empirical validation from established assessments for psychopathology. Future studies should expand this validation by including additional instruments e.g., to assess self-esteem, loneliness, connectedness, and quality of life.
Epidemiology of traumatic falls after Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico
Authors: Ramírez-Martínez Laura , Chamah-Nicolás Mariella , Nieves-Plaza Mariely , Ruiz-Rodríguez Javier , Ruiz-Medina Pedro , Ramos-Melendez Ediel O. , Rodríguez-Ortiz Pablo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Hurricanes are among the most devastating natural disasters, playing a significant role in public health. Currently, the epidemiology of fall-related injuries after the occurrence of a tropical storm is not well described. This study aims to compare the demographical patterns, clinical profile, hospital course, and costs of patients admitted to the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital before and after Hurricane Maria.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed to compare fall-related injuries after the hurricane (September 20, 2017 - January 20, 2018) with a control period (same period in 2014–2016). Comparison between the groups was done using chi-square, Mann-Whitney test, and logistical regression.

Results
After the hurricane, there was an increase in the proportion of fall-related admissions in subjects aged 40–64 years (39.2% vs. 50.6%) and a decrease among those aged 18–39 years (16.0% vs. 5.9%), when compared with the previous years. A greater proportion of patients presented with work related injuries (3.9% vs. 9.4%). No significant differences were identified for sex, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, and hospital outcomes (hospital and intensive care unit days, mechanical ventilation, and mortality). Intracranial injuries were marginally higher post-Maria (p = 0.06). In multivariate analysis, during the post-Maria period, an increased risk of fall-related injuries was observed among subjects ≥40 years (OR: 3.20) and injuries related to recovery work (OR: 2.64) (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Our study shows that there is an increased risk of fall-related injuries among middle-aged individuals after a hurricane, causing significant changes in epidemiology. This study helps to elucidate the health consequences of falls and, in doing so, improves healthcare preparedness, interventions, and planning for future natural disasters.