bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le développement des habiletés sociales comme support aux apprentissages cognitifs
Authors: DeBlois Lucie , Turcotte Brigitte 
Published: January 2020

Un enseignement ayant pour but le développement de la compétence à résoudre des problèmes mathématiques exige d’étudier la nature des interactions de la classe pour faire face aux défis que présente cette approche. Nous nous intéressons au rôle des habiletés sociales des élèves dans le développement de la compétence à résoudre des problèmes mathématiques. Nous avons proposé deux problèmes à résoudre à deux sous-groupes de quatre élèves de 10 ans. L’analyse des interactions et des productions tend à montrer que les habiletés organisationnelles, qui constituent l’une des composantes des habiletés sociales, évoluent de façon étroite avec les productions des membres des deux groupes.
Effects of the mycorrhizal fungus Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 on growth and flavonoid accumulation in Anoectochilus roxburghii
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Yuanyuan , Guo Shunxing 
Published: January 2020

Background
Anoectochilus roxburghii is a traditional Chinese medicine with potent medicinal activity owing to the presence of secondary metabolites, particularly flavonoids. A. roxburghii also maintains a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi. Moreover, mycorrhizal fungi can induce metabolite synthesis in host plants. However, little is known about the role of mycorrhizal fungi in promoting the accumulation of flavonoid metabolites in A. roxburghii.

Methods
A. roxburghii and the isolated fungus Ceratobasidium sp. AR2 were cocultured. The portion of A. roxburghii above the medium treated with or without AR2 was studied by transcriptome and target metabolome analyses.

Results
AR2 promoted the growth and development of A. roxburghii. The contents of total flavonoid, rutin, isorhamnetin, and cyanidin-3-glucoside chloride were increased compared with those in uninoculated cultures. Transcriptome analysis suggested that 109 unigenes encoding key enzymes were potentially associated with changes in flavonoids. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of fourteen flavonoid-related unigenes showed that most flavonoid biosynthetic genes were significantly differentially expressed between inoculated and uninoculated plantlets.

Conclusion
The isolate AR2 could significantly promote the growth and development of A. roxburghii and the accumulation of flavonoids. Overall, our findings highlighted the molecular basis of the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on flavonoid biosynthesis in A. roxburghii and provided novel insights into methods to improve the yield and quality of A. roxburghii.
Modulatory Effects of Some Fruit Juices on Lipid Profile in Rats Fed with High Lipid Diet
Authors: Tijjani Habibu , Banbilbwa Joel Enoch , Luka Carrol Domkat 
Published: January 2020

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a predisposing factor to several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart attacks and others.
Aim: This study investigate the hypolipidemic properties of five selected fruits using rats pre-fed with High Lipid Diet (HLD) under experimental conditions.
Methods: Raw fruit juices from Guava (Psidium guajava), Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Banana (Musa acuminata), Apple (Pyrus malus) and Pineapple (Ananas comosus) respectively, were administered orally at a dose of 7 ml/kg body weight for 14 days. Sera from the experimental rats were prepared for total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) assay, while Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Atherogenic Index (AI) were computed.
Results: Feeding the experimental rats with High Lipid Diet increased their levels of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and AI by 68.73%, 72.94%, 20.23%, 71.79% and 208.72% respectively with a corresponding decrease in HDL by 29.47%. Pineapple juice significantly reduced the levels of TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and AI by 84.44%, 69.39%, 95.19%, 70.15% and 96.99% respectively. Guava, banana and apple treated groups produced 56.72%, 23.88% and 07.46% increase in HDL respectively, with a non-significant (p<0.05) value in pawpaw treated group, when compared to the HLD untreated control. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenes and steroids in all fruit juices and the absence of balsams and phenols.
Conclusion: Consumption of the selected fruit juices improved lipid profile and reduced the risk associated with hyperlipidemia in experimental rats.
Amine Transporters
Authors: Reith Maarten EA 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Amine transporters in plasma membranes of nerve cells mediate the transport of dopamine, (nor)adrenaline and serotonin. These transporters are members of the larger Na
+
‐ and Cl
−
‐dependent neurotransmitter transporter family. All three transporters have been cloned, and the bacterial leucine transporter was the first prototypical structure available; this was followed by crystals of the drosophila dopamine transporter and the human serotonin transporter. Amine transporters are implicated in psychiatric disorders, such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, suicidal and aggressive‐impulsive behaviour, and are involved in affective disorders including depression. Amine transporters are important targets for psychostimulant drugs as well as antidepressants.

Key Concepts

Amine transporters in plasma membranes of nerve cells mediate the transport of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and serotonin through cotransport with Na
+
towards the cytosol where the Na
+
concentration is low.

Amine uptake is best described by the alternating access model; accordingly, the transporter protein moves back and forth between outward‐ and inward‐facing conformations.

Amine transporters are organised in multimeric structures, that is, oligomers consisting of varying numbers of protomers. How oligomerisation affects the function of each protomer is not fully understood.

In addition to a primary central binding site for substrate and drugs, amine transporters have an extracellular vestibule, accommodating with appreciable flexibility varying small‐molecule allosteric ligands.

Transporter polymorphisms and variants have been associated with increased risk for psychiatric diseases; a number of DAT variants, one‐point mutations, are known to cause parkinsonian symptoms starting at infancy in a hereditary recessive fashion.

In addition to allosteric modulators, atypical inhibitors and releasers targeting amine transporters are subject of intense research.
Chytridiomycota
Authors: Longcore Joyce E , Simmons David R 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMembers of the basally derived fungal phylum Chytridiomycota produce unwalled, asexual spores that swim by means of a single, posteriorly directed flagellum. Members are microscopic saprobes or parasites found in fresh and saline water and in soils. Included are the two classes Monoblepharidomycetes, with one order, and Chytridiomycetes, with 13 orders plus several undescribed groups. Taxonomy, based on molecular and ultrastructural characters, is in flux because species described without these characters are being reassigned as they are isolated and analysed. Chytrids are degraders of cellulose, keratin, chitin and some are pathogens of algae and protozoans.Synchytriumspecies are plant pathogens withSynchytrium endobioticumcausing black wart of potatoes.Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisgrows in keratinised skin cells of amphibians and is pathogenic to many species, causing population declines and extirpation of some species. Its sister speciesBatrachochytrium salamandrivoransis a pathogen of salamanders and has caused declines of fire salamanders in Europe. Molecular tools are enabling ecologists to discover the importance of the Chytridiomycota in aquatic food webs.Key ConceptsThe Chytridiomycota are a basally derived phylum of fungi whose members are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Results from environmental DNA studies highlight the importance of these fungi in a range of soils, freshwater and marine ecosystems.Chytridiomycota fungi reproduce primarily by zoospores that are mitotically produced, contained by a membrane and motile via a single, posteriorly directed flagellum.Before the molecular era many orders and genera were not discerned or were polyphyletic.The systematics of the Chytridiomycota relies on nuclearribosomal ribonucleic acid(rRNA) gene sequence information. Relationships are corroborated with transmission electron microscopic features of zoospores.Chytrid parasites of algae are common, often host species specific and are capable of affecting population levels of planktonic algae.Batrachochytrium dendrobatidisis a chytrid pathogen of amphibians responsible for population declines on at least five continents. Its sister speciesBatrachochytrium salamandrivoransis a pathogen primarily of salamanders and has decimated populations of fire salamanders in Europe.
Interaction of Light and Temperature Signalling in Plants
Authors: Hayes Scott 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

For plants, light is not only an energy source but also a developmental signal. The colour, intensity, duration and direction of light that a plant receives has a profound effect on its development across all life phases. Mild changes in ambient temperature also have a dramatic effect on plant development, many of which mirror those caused by light. In recent years, it has become apparent that this similarity in phenotypes is due to extensive overlap between components of the light and temperature signalling pathways. This overlap occurs at the level of perception, downstream signalling modules and hormonal response. As a result of this, the photo‐ and thermal responses of plants should always be considered within the context of the prevailing light and temperature conditions.

Key Concepts

Light and temperature have similar effects on plant development.

Both signalling pathways are tightly integrated at the level of signal perception, signal transduction and hormonal responses.

The response to both light and temperature centres on a core set of transcriptional regulators.

The activity of some photoreceptors is temperature‐dependent.

Light and temperature responses should always be considered in the context of one and other.
Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridazines via Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Alkenyl Hydrazones
Authors: Guo Yajing , Zhao Jinbo , Zhang Qian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report herein a facile approach to tetrahydropyridazines, a scaffold found in many natural products and biologically active entities, via Pd‐catalyzed carboamination of readily available alkenyl hydrazones with aryl and alkenyl halides. Preliminary studies showed its promise for enantioselective synthesis. This work offers an expedient access to the tetrahydropyridazine scaffold bearing substitution patterns, thus significantly increasing the availability of these derivatives for downstream evaluation.magnified image
Continuous Flow Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure BINOL(s) by Acylative Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Lai Junshan , Neyyappadath Rifahath M. , Smith Andrew D. , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA polystyrene‐immobilized isothiourea has been applied to the enantioselective acylative kinetic resolution (KR) of monoacylated BINOL(s) with inexpensive isobutyric anhydride in batch and flow. High selectivity values (s=29 at 0 °C) and a remarkable stability of the catalytic system in the operation conditions have been recorded for unsubstituted BINOL. No significant loss of activity/selectivity is recorded after 10 consecutive KR cycles in batch. A continuous flow process has been implemented and operated with a 100 mmol (32.8 g) sample of racemic monoacetylated BINOL in dichloromethane solution in an 84 hours experiment with a packed bed reactor containing 1 g (f=0.37 mmol.g−1) of the functional resin (s=17–21). Residence time can be decreased to 10 min with the same reactor to achieve a conversion of 58% with a selectivity factor s=17 when a more highly functionalized catalyst (f=0.88 mmol.g−1) is used. This translates into a remarkable combined productivity of 5.5 mmolprod ⋅ mmolcat−1 ⋅ h−1.magnified image
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of 41% Efficient Single‐Component White‐Light‐Emissive Carbonized Polymer Dots with Hybrid Fluorescence/Phosphorescence for White Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Zifei , Liu Yang , Zhen Shijie , Li Xiaoxi , Zhang Weiguang , Sun Xun , Xu Baoyuan , Wang Xue , Gao Zhenhua , Meng Xiangeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are compelling optical emitters to construct white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, it remains a challenge to achieve large‐scale and highly efficient single‐component white‐light‐emissive CDs suitable for WLED applications. Herein, a low cost, fast processable, environmentally friendly, and one‐step synthetic approach is developed for the preparation of gram‐scale and highly efficient single‐component white‐light‐emissive carbonized polymer dots (SW‐CPDs). It is revealed that hybrid fluorescence/phosphorescence components cooperatively contribute to the emergence of white light emission. The SW‐CPDs exhibit a record quantum yield (QY) of ≈41% for the white light emission observed in solid‐state CD systems, while the QY of the phosphorescence is ≈23% under ambient conditions. Heavy doping of N and P elements as well as presence of covalently cross‐linked polymer frameworks is suggested to account for the emergence of hybrid fluorescence/phosphorescence, which is supported by the experimental results and theoretical calculations. A WLED is fabricated by applying the SW‐CPDs on an UV‐LED chip, showing favorable white‐light‐emitting characteristics with a high luminous efficacy of 18.7 lm W−1 that is comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art WLEDs reported before.
Identification and Single‐Cell Analysis of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells by a Mitochondrion‐Specific AIE Bioprobe
Authors: Situ Bo , Ye Xinyi , Zhao Qianwen , Mai Liyao , Huang Yifang , Wang Siqi , Chen Jing , Li Bo , He Bairong , Zhang Ye , Zou Jianjun , Tang Ben Zhong , Pan Xinghua , Zheng Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLiquid biopsies of cancer via single‐cell molecular profiling of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are hampered by the lack of ideal CTC markers. In this study, it is reported that TPN, a bioprobe with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) activity is capable of distinguishing various tumor cells from blood leukocytes based on the difference in cell mitochondria. TPN is a cell‐permeant live‐cell stain that has little effect on cell viability and integrity, enabling single‐cell DNA/RNA analysis with improved efficiency compared with traditional antibody‐based methods. Using TPN labeling, CTCs and CTC cluster are detected in the blood from patients with lung or liver cancer. The capability of TPN to identify rare tumor cells in the malignant pleural effusion samples is also demonstrated. Furthermore, RNA sequencing of single lung CTC identified by TPN is successfully performed. The findings presented here provide an antibody‐free, low‐cost, and nondisruptive approach for detection and genomic characterization of viable tumor cells based on a mitochondria‐targeting AIE luminogen. It might serve as a new tool for monitoring of genomics dynamic of tumor and unraveling the mechanisms of tumor metastasis.
Enlightened oversight of genetically engineered crops for the next generation
Authors: Herman Rod A. , Gaffney Jim , Storer Nicholas P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRisk‐disproportionate regulatory oversight has hampered the use of genetic engineering to sustainably improve crops for the duration of a human generation (≈25 years). There is scientific consensus that transgenic breeding methods are safe. Current regulations are often driven by unfounded public fear and hamper crop improvement that is critical to meeting current environmental and nutritional needs and future food security. The public good requires progressive nations to enact policies that enlighten the oversight of modern breeding methods so that current nutritional needs can be met, future food crises can be averted, and agriculture can become more sustainable.
Economic effect of fall vs. spring plowing of forage on following potato production in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Khakbazan M. , Nyiraneza J. , Jiang Y. , Rodd V. , Huang J. , Zebarth B. , Fuller K. , Smith E. , Xie R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFall plowing of forage in a typical barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–forage–potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) rotation in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada has led to negative environmental impacts, including soil erosion and nitrate leaching to groundwater. Data from five locations in PEI during 2009–2016 were assessed to determine the effects of delaying plow‐down of forage from early and late fall to spring on economic returns and risk of returns trade‐offs for potato producers. Factors related to fall or spring plowing such as soil erosion, nitrate leaching, planting date, effect on weeds, insects and diseases, potato harvest loss, and labor constraints were quantified. Potato yields were the same for fall and spring plowing; however, combined data for the five experiments showed late fall plowing was preferred over spring plowing for risk‐averse or neutral potato growers. Risk neutral farmers would require receiving between CAN$229 and $836 ha−1 yr−1, depending on yield loss for spring plowing due to delayed seeding, to be indifferent between fall and spring plowing options. Risk‐averse farmers at all levels of risk aversion would require being paid more than $600 ha−1 yr−1 to be indifferent between fall and spring tillage when 4–6% of yield loss for spring plowing due to delayed planting is assumed. Although spring tillage provides reductions in the risk of soil erosion and nitrate leaching, it also affects production risk and uncertainty. Therefore, we recommend farmers plow forage as late as possible in the autumn and replace it with other conservation tillage practices.
Cover crop effects on soil carbon dioxide emissions in a semiarid cropping system
Authors: Nilahyane Abdelaziz , Ghimire Rajan , Thapa Vesh R. , Sainju Upendra M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCover crops improve soil health and environmental quality by enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. This study evaluated the effect of cover crops on soil CO2–C emissions, temperature, and water content during cover crop growth from April to October, 2017 and 2018. Treatments included fallow, pea (Pisum sativum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), pea–oat (POmix), pea–canola (PCmix), pea–oat–canola (POCmix), and POC–hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.)–forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.)–barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (six species mixture; SSmix). The CO2–C emissions were monitored weekly from April to October each year using a portable infrared‐gas analyzer. Seasonal changes in CO2–C emissions varied with cover crops and peaked as soil temperature and water content following precipitation events. Average CO2–C emissions across sampling dates was 46–70% greater under pea than under fallow, canola, and POmix in 2017, but not different among cover crops in 2018. Although the emissions were higher than fallow, canola and POmix plots had lower CO2–C emissions than other cover crops. Pea as sole cover crop or in mixtures (PCmix, POCmix, SSmix) increased CO2–C emissions and microbial activity whereas canola and POmix mixture reduced the emissions during the period with higher precipitation.
Performance of enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers in green‐harvesting sugarcane
Authors: Barth Gabriel , Otto Rafael , Mira Acácio B. , Ferraz‐Almeida Risely , Vitti André C. , Cantarella Heitor , Vitti Godofredo C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEF) are of interest for sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production due to the potential to reduce N losses, and improve crop yield and environmental conditions. This study was conducted to determine the effect of urea with N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) or dicyandiamide (DCD) on NH3 volatilization and sugarcane yield. The NH3 volatilization, the foliar concentration of N and S, and yield of stalk and pol were monitored in two field trials testing six N sources (urea; urea + NBPT; urea + DCD; ammonium sulfate [AS]; ammonium nitrate [AN]; ammonium sulfate nitrate), and three N rates (50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1). The N losses from urea totaled 22 and 18% in Sites 1 and 2, respectively. Treating urea with NBPT reduced NH3 volatilization by 60%. Sugarcane yield increased 8.8; 11.6; and 16.0 Mg ha−1 (Site 1), and 4.5, 9.3, and 14.2 Mg ha−1 (Site 2) with the application of 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1 N as compared to control, respectively. All N sources increased yields, demonstrating similar efficiency for sugarcane production. Green harvesting sugarcane cultivated in sandy soils with low organic matter concentration is highly responsive to N, showing similar efficiency between EEF and conventional N fertilizers.
Applied use of growing degree days to refine optimum times for nitrogen stress sensing in winter wheat
Authors: Dhillon Jagmandeep S. , Figueiredo Bruno M. , Eickhoff Elizabeth M. , Raun William R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVariable influence of the environment on early‐season plant growth leads to similarly variable yield levels from year to year. This study was conducted to determine the ideal point in the growing season when normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensor readings were highly correlated with grain yield. For each site‐year, NDVI readings were collected at least seven times from December through April. Readings were collected from two long‐term experiments where an N response was expected in plots that historically received different N rates. The number of days from planting to sensing where growing degree days (GDD) were more than 0 (GDD > 0) was tabulated by site‐year for all dates when NDVI data were collected. The r2 was computed for NDVI versus final grain yield at all sensing dates and plotted against the respective GDD > 0 when readings were taken. Linear plateau models were used to determine the point when the r2 peaked. Averaged over 3 yr (2016–2018), the optimum GDD > 0 needed to predict grain yield using NDVI in both long‐term trials was between 97 and 112. Use of the GDD > 0 as a numeric metric to delineate the best time and date to collect NDVI readings and predict yield potential can then be used to formulate accurate midseason fertilizer N rates. Adhering to quantitative GDD > 0 data is much more reliable than using subjective morphological scales. These critical GDD values can be reported on a day‐to‐day, by‐location basis (mesonet.org) for in‐season producer use.