bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zjawisko korupcji w demokracji skonsolidowanej. Przypadek Finlandii
Authors: Czepil Bartosz 
Published: October 2020

Zjawisko korupcji w stabilnych, zamożnych państwach demokratycznych określanych mianem demokracji skonsolidowanych było przez długi czas ignorowane przez badaczy. Jednak w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu XX wieku pojawiły się czynniki, które doprowadziły do instytucjonalizacji kwestii korupcji w dojrzałych demokracjach. Tę zmianę obserwujemy również w Finlandii, która według Indeksu Percepcji Korupcji publikowanym przez Transparency International jest postrzegana jako jedno z najmniej skorumpowanych państw świata. Jednak również w tym kraju możemy odnaleźć specyficzne formy korupcji. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka tzw. sieci starych braci jako praktyk korupcyjnych charakterystycznych dla Finlandii. Autor stara się pokazać proces instytucjonalizacji kwestii sieci starych braci oraz problemy towarzyszące istnieniu tego zjawiska w fińskiej przestrzeni publicznej. Przede wszystkim wskazuje, że w Finlandii możemy obserwować przedefiniowanie nieformalnych, konsensualnych praktyk, które przez długi czas były akceptowanymi komponentami systemu politycznego, na praktyki o statusie korupcyjnym. Subtelność tych praktyk powoduje, że często trudno zaklasyfikować je jako jednoznaczne formy nadużywania władzy dla prywatnych korzyści.
Symptomy relacji między społeczeństwem/narodem a państwem. Próba spojrzenia retrospektywnego w warunkach polskich
Authors: Jeliński Edward 
Published: October 2020

Problem relacji państwo a naród/społeczeństwo został podjęty z perspektywy przeszłości rzeczywistości polskiej. Autor starał się wskazać na wybrane przykłady tych uwarunkowań między „rządzącymi” a „rządzonymi”. Uwzględnia trzy wybrane zagadnienia – kryteria: 1) problem postaw – cech charakterologicznych Polaków, 2) problem mesjanizmu polskiego, 3) problem znaczenia koncyliaryzmu średniowiecznego. Stara się dowieść, że powyższe czynniki miały wpływ na ułożenie stosunków między państwem a narodem/społeczeństwem, oddziaływały na kształt podstaw ustrojowych demokracji szlacheckiej i zahamowały tendencje absolutystyczno ustrojowe w systemie politycznym I Rzeczypospolitej. Skutki tych procesów odczuwamy w naszym kraju po dzień dzisiejszy.
THE DIVISION OF COMPETENCE IN THE AREAS OF STATE SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS WITHIN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH IN LIGHT OF THE 1997 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND
Authors: Urbaniak Krzysztof 
Published: October 2020

Pursuant to Article 10 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, executive power is vested in the President of the Republic of Poland and the Council of Ministers. Implemented in Poland, the dualism of the executive branch creates a problem with the division of duties and competence between the cabinet and the head of state. This paper analyses the division of powers within the executive branch in the areas of state security and foreign policy. The analysis of the constitutional provisions and the political practice indicates that the model of cooperation between the President and the cabinet as adopted in the Constitution of 1997 is ineffective and leads to political conflicts. In view of the Polish political conditions, it is advisable to amend the Constitution in order to move away from the mixed model towards either the presidential model or the parliamentary-cabinet model of the executive branch of government.
KOORDYNACJA BEZPIECZEŃSTWA IMPREZ MASOWYCH W PRAKTYCE I ISTNIEJĄCYCH ROZWIĄZANIACH PRAWNYCH RP
Authors: Jarczewski Waldemar 
Published: October 2020

W niniejszej publikacji przedstawiono znaczenie działań związanych z koordynacją przedsięwzięć zmierzających do prawidłowego przygotowania i kierowania bezpieczeństwem imprez masowych. Ustawodawstwo polskie obejmujące ten zakres tematyczny zagadnień, wskazywało już od 1997 r. proces koordynacji, jako ważny element budowy bezpieczeństwa imprez masowych, który właściwego znaczenia nabrał dopiero przed turniejem finałowym Euro 2012. Nadal jednak, w obowiązujących regulacjach prawnych, nie wskazano koordynatora tego procesu, tym samym również jego obowiązków. Autor publikacji stara się zwrócić uwagę na konieczność rozwiązania tego problemu w przyszłych regulacjach prawnych.
MIĘDZYNARODOWE ŚRODOWISKO BEZPIECZEŃSTWA AZJI WSCHODNIEJ W 2016 ROKU. ZASADNICZE DETERMINANTY I KIERUNKI EWOLUCJI
Authors: Wiśniewski Rafał 
Published: October 2020

Celem artykułu jest analiza stanu międzynarodowego środowiska bezpieczeństwa regionu Azji Wschodniej oraz zasadniczych kierunków jego ewolucji w roku 2016. Autor identyfikuje kluczowe trendy długoterminowe kształtujące regionalny ład bezpieczeństwa omawianego obszaru. Umożliwia to określenie ,,stanu wyjściowego" regionu na początku analizowanego okresu, a także określenie swoistego ,,tła strategicznego", w odniesieniu do którego należy rozpatrywać bieżące wydarzenia. Następnie przedstawiono kluczowe wydarzenia z obszaru bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego, które zaszły w Azji Wschodniej w trakcie 2016 r. (oraz w pierwszych miesiącach 2017) oraz ukazano je w nakreślonym kontekście strategicznym. Pozwala to na sformułowanie wstępnej oceny co do wpływu pojedynczych wydarzeń na międzynarodowe środowisko bezpieczeństwa regionu (stabilizujące, destabilizujące lub neutralne). W ostatnim etapie, na bazie dotychczasowych rozważań podjęto próbę prognozy dalszej ewolucji sytuacji bezpieczeństwa w Azji Wschodniej w perspektywie kolejnych 12-18 miesięcy.
Siedem pieśni religijnych Ottona Mieczysława Żukowskiego (1867–1942) w kontekście zagadnień semantycznych i muzycznych
Authors: Kaczorowski Robert 
Published: October 2020

In the present article the author discusses seven religious songs by the little-known Polish composer, Otton Mieczysław Żukowski (1867˗1942). The songs are: Ojcze nasz (Our Father) op. 47, Panie do Ciebie wołam (Lord, unto Thee I cry), Twych Panie łask (Your mercies, o Lord), Gdy boleść wstrząsa (When sorrow strikes), Panie miłosierny (Merciful Lord), Do Boga (To God) and Wierzymy Panie (Lord, we believe). The songs’ semantic meaning conveys the basic and most essential truths of the Catholic faith. Thereby, they formed the awareness of the listeners and became a catechesis to be sung. The discussed songs have also a strong patriotic and national emphasis as they were created in the time of Poland’s partition and non-existence in Europe. The songs are evidence that God may be involved in the history of a nation and change its difficult position. In terms of musical layer the songs are characterized by a cantilena melodic line and tonal harmony.
Sustainable and Resilient Manufacturing for the Post–COVID-19 Era
Authors: Diaz-Elsayed Nancy , Charkhgard Hadi , Wang Michael Cai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Society has confronted many challenges in recent decades, ranging from devastating wildfires and hurricanes to, most recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Our manufacturing sector plays a critical role in confronting these challenges and in the recovery process, as it lies at the helm of the comfort, well-being, and safety of our communities. Manufacturers help bring to fruition innovative technologies that can maintain our way of life during times of stability (e.g., smartphones and fuel-efficient vehicles) and that can enable a quick recovery during emergencies or natural disasters (e.g., rapid testing technologies, ventilators, and photovoltaic panels). This article suggests ways to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and resilience of the manufacturing sector in the post–COVID-19 era. Considerations for the supply chain, manufacturing systems, and manufacturing processes at the nanoscale are discussed.
Discursos, prácticas y temáticas de maestros y maestras en primera infancia acerca de la diversidad sexual y de género: límites y posibilidades para la consolidación de una educación inclusiva
Authors: Ramírez Aristizábal Fidel Mauricio , Cardona Zuluaga Jeison Andrés 
Published: October 2020

Desde inicios del presente siglo se han dado importantes desarrollos jurídicos y políticos para promover el reconocimiento, respeto y valoración de la diversidad sexual y de género; no obstante, estos esfuerzos han sido insuficientes para transformar la realidad de discriminación y violencia que enfrentan día a día estos sectores poblacionales en los ambientes escolares, lo cual se debe, principalmente, a la indiferencia con que maestros y maestras asumen este tema o a sus propios prejuicios ideológicos. Tal situación es puesta en evidencia en el presente artículo, producto del ejercicio investigativo autoetnográfico realizado durante un proceso de formación a docentes de primera infancia de diferentes secretarías de educación a nivel nacional. Con este proceso se espera sensibilizar sobre la urgente necesidad de trabajar para formar en la construcción de ciudadanías sexuales desde el escenario educativo.
Yeast Nucleolin Nsr1 Impedes Replication and Elevates Genome Instability at an Actively Transcribed Guanine-Rich G4 DNA-Forming Sequence
Authors: Singh Shivani , Berroyer Alexandra , Kim Minseon , Kim Nayun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A significant increase in genome instability is associated with the conformational shift of a guanine-run-containing DNA strand into the four-stranded G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. The mechanism underlying the recombination and genome rearrangements following the formation of G4 DNA in vivo has been difficult to elucidate but has become better clarified by the identification and functional characterization of several key G4 DNA-binding proteins. Mammalian nucleolin (NCL) is a highly specific G4 DNA-binding protein with a well-defined role in the transcriptional regulation of genes with associated G4 DNA-forming sequence motifs at their promoters. The consequence of the in vivo interaction between G4 DNA and nucleolin in respect to the genome instability has not been previously investigated. We show here that the yeast nucleolin Nsr1 is enriched at a G4 DNA-forming sequence in vivo and is a major factor in inducing the genome instability associated with the cotranscriptionally formed G4 DNA in the yeast genome. We also show that Nsr1 results in impeding replication past such a G4 DNA-forming sequence. The G4-associated genome instability and the G4 DNA-binding in vivo require the arginine-glycine-glycine (RGG) repeats located at the C-terminus of the Nsr1 protein. Nsr1 with the deletion of RGG domain supports normal cell growth and is sufficient for its pre-rRNA processing function. However, the truncation of the RGG domain of Nsr1 significantly weakens its interaction with G4 DNA in vivo and restores unhindered replication, overall resulting in a sharp reduction in the genome instability associated with a guanine-rich G4 DNA-forming sequence. Our data suggest that the interaction between Nsr1 with the intact RGG repeats and G4 DNA impairs genome stability by precluding the access of G4-resolving proteins and impeding replication.
Participatory Ethnographic Film: Video Advocacy and Engagement with Q’eqchi’ Maya Medical Practitioners in Belize
Authors: Waldram James 
Published: October 2020

There continues to be significant debate about what constitutes an “ethnographic film.” Contemporary standards for production require large budgets and sophisticated film crews, and as a result marginalizes those films produced at the local level designed to meet local needs. This article documents the process of creating a participatory ethnographic film at the behest of a group of Q’eqchi’ Maya medical practitioners in Belize. From conception through to the approval of the final cut and distribution, the project was directed by the practitioners and executed on a shoestring budget and ‘in kind’ contributions. I argue that the genre of ethnographic film must accommodate local level aesthetic sensibilities about what constitutes a “good” representation of cultural issues, and consider the nature of the intended audience, thereby allowing space for a collaborative filmmaking process attendant to the world of the participants rather than that of international film festivals.
Trajectories of Maternal Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Putnick Diane L. , Sundaram Rajeshwari , Bell Erin M. , Ghassabian Akhgar , Goldstein Risë B. , Robinson Sonia L. , Vafai Yassaman , Gilman Stephen E. , Yeung Edwina 
Published: October 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To identify homogenous depressive symptom trajectories over the postpartum period and the demographic and perinatal factors linked to different trajectories.

METHODS:
Mothers (N = 4866) were recruited for Upstate KIDS, a population-based birth cohort study, and provided assessments of depressive symptoms at 4, 12, 24, and 36 months postpartum. Maternal demographic and perinatal conditions were obtained from vital records and/or maternal report.

RESULTS:
Four depression trajectories were identified: low-stable (74.7%), characterized by low symptoms at all waves; low-increasing (8.2%), characterized by initially low but increasing symptoms; medium-decreasing (12.6%), characterized by initially moderate but remitting symptoms; and high-persistent (4.5%), characterized by high symptoms at all waves. Compared with the high-persistent group, older mothers (maximum odds ratio [OR] of the 3 comparisons: 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.15) or those with college education (maximum OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.36 to 4.68) were more likely to be in all other symptom groups, and mothers who had a history of mood disorder (minimum OR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.10) or gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis (minimum OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.68) were less likely to be in other symptom groups. Infertility treatment, multiple births, prepregnancy BMI, gestational hypertension, and infant sex were not differentially associated with depressive symptom trajectories.

CONCLUSIONS:
One-quarter of mothers in a population-based birth cohort had elevated depressive symptoms in 3 years postpartum. Screening for maternal depression beyond the postpartum period may be warranted, particularly after mood and diabetic disorders.
The Monstrosity of Human Rights
Authors: Cadava Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

Fellow citizens! I will not enlarge further on your national inconsistencies. The existence of slavery in this country brands your republicanism as a sham, your humanity as a base pretence, and your Christianity as a lie. It destroys your moral power abroad; it corrupts your politicians at home … it makes your name a hissing, and a byword to a mocking earth. It is the antagonistic force in your government…. It fetters your progress; it is the enemy of improvement, the deadly foe of education; it fosters pride; it breeds insolence; it promotes vice; it shelters crime; it is a curse to the earth that supports it; and yet, you cling to it, as if it were the sheet anchor of all your hopes. Oh! be warned! be warned! a horrible reptile is coiled up in your nation's bosom; the venomous creature is nursing at the tender breast of your youthful republic: for the love of God, tear awayand fling from you this hideous monster, andlet the weight of twenty million crush and destroy it forever.—Frederick Douglass“What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” (383–84)In his now famous address on the meaning of the Fourth of July to the slave, Frederick Douglass seeks to delineate the various ways in which the persistence of slavery in a nation that was founded on the virtues of freedom, liberty, and equality produces a national ideology traversed by ambiguities, tensions, and contradictions. Suggesting that the experience of freedom cannot be thought apart from that of slavery, that abstract equality can only be imagined alongside the story of black subjection, he argues that these inconsistencies have two consequences. They derail the course of American democracy, and they leave their most painful and material consequences on the lives and bodies of the slaves without whom the narratives of freedom and equality could never be written. This is why he often refers to the violence, inequality, economic oppression, and racist exclusions that have harmed and devastated so many human beings in the history of America and the history of the world. For Douglass, America finds itself in mourning the moment slavery exists, populations are removed, dispossessed, or exterminated, wealth is distributed unequally, acts of discrimination are committed in the name of democracy and freedom, and rights are withheld—and what it mourns is America itself. As he tells us in his Fourth of July oration, this mourning belongs to the long history of efforts to actualize equality, to realize, that is, the promise of the right to representation for everyone, of an America that to this day still does not exist, which is why it must always be mourned. “I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary!” he writes.“Yourhigh independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us…. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed byyourfathers, is shared byyou, not byme…. This Fourth [of] July isyours, notmine. Youmay rejoice,Imustmourn”(“What to the Slave” 368).
“A Hand Spills from the Book's Threshold”: Coauthorship's Readers
Authors: Laird Holly A. 
Published: October 2020

“You see?” said Knarf, suddenly rounding on Ord.“What about the story?” Ord asked. “It seems to have bogged down in world history. Did it ever get out again?”“The story goes on, but as the book rises to its crisis it shifts into the major theme of the whole community. It is people in a context and the context grows more and more important. They are only little fishes in a maelstrom.”“I'm fond of fish,” said Ord, obstinately, determined to get Knarf off his high horse. “What happened to that poor fish, Ally?”… … …Ally wasn't so much a fish as a limpet.Marking a narrative break in the twenty-fourth-century writer Knarf's novel about world war II, a novel Knarf recounts orally to his Friend Ord, this passage From Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1947; 342-43), by M. Barnard Eldershaw (pseudonym of Marjorie Barnard and Flora Eldershaw), enacts a scene of collaboration, falling just short of “full and equal” partnership (though perhaps all literary collaboration must thus fall). Knarf is a reader of his own text, a listener to his own story; the writer is continually in conversation—disagreeing and agreeing with—a would-be writer of the text; that conversation inflects, indeed inscribes itself in, the writer's writing, so that the would-be other writer—who is a reader and listener too—becomes inseparable from the text in process. Thematically contained in these relations, but also uncontainably circumscribing them, are “world history” and “community”: those suprapersonal entities both demand and are produced by collaboration(ism), yet they also overwhelm, dwarf, or marginalize “little fishes” like Ally, Ord, and Knarf. But, then again, world history and community are themselves elusive if meant as much more than fictions about and by little fishes, riding on their high horses.
South Central Modern Language Association
Authors: McWhirter David 
Published: October 2020

The 2000 SCMLA meeting will be held 9-11 November at the historic Gunter Hotel in San Antonio. Our Lady of the Lake University, Saint Mary's University, Trinity University, the University of Texas, San Antonio, and the University of Incarnate Word will host the convention, with Richard Pressman (Saint Mary's Univ.) acting as local arrangements chair and Marita Nummikoski (Univ. of Texas, San Antonio) serving as treasurer. This year's theme is Teaching Languages and Literatures: Histories, Practices, Speculations. Highlights will include plenary speaker Nicolás Kanellos, founder and director of Arte Público Press, and a reading by Latina writer Carmen Tafolla. Various special events will highlight and celebrate our work as teachers; a breakfast roundtable devoted to visual arts in the language and literature classroom will be held in conjunction with a specially arranged tour of the Rockefeller Center for Latin American Art.SCMLA membership remains strong, with approximately 1,800 dues-paying members. Publications received by 2000 members include four issues of the South Central Review, summer and winter newsletters, and the San Antonio convention packet. To join SCMLA, write to Ede Hilton-Lowe, SCMLA, Dept. of English, Texas A&M Univ., College Station 77843-4227, or download a membership form from our Web site (http://www-english.tamu.edu/scmla/). Dues for joint members are $35; full professors, $30; associate and assistant professors, $25; instructors, retired professors, and graduate students, $20. The Web site features our online newsletter, which includes calls for papers, deadline and grant application information, and information on upcoming conferences.
Responses of macroinvertebrate community metrics to urban pollution in semi-arid catchments around the city of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Authors: Tongayi Mwedzi  , Nqobizitha Siziba  , Oghenekaro Nelson Odume  , Eisen Nyamazana  , Innocent Mabika  
Published: October 2020

River health monitoring is becoming increasingly important because of the anthropogenic activities that continue to impact on water quality and biodiversity of aquatic systems. This study aimed at identifying and evaluating macroinvertebrate community-based metrics that best respond to degradation due to urban pollution in riverine systems of Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Data (physicochemical variables and macroinvertebrate specimens) were collected from 17 sites over 3 seasons. The sites were selected across an impairment gradient comprising less impacted, moderately impacted and heavily impacted sites. Heavily impacted sites had the highest levels of total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, total phosphates, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and sedimentary zinc. Dissolved oxygen was significantly highest in less impacted sites. Sensitivity of 24 macroinvertebrate metrics to this impairment gradient were assessed. A total of 5 metrics were identified as sensitive to modifications in water quality due to urban pollution. These metrics were taxon richness, South African Scoring System (SASS5) score, average score per taxon (ASPT), percentage collectors and percentage scrapers. The selected metrics will be useful for the monitoring and assessment of the studied riverine systems and can be further integrated into one multimetric index that combines a range of indices and allows the integration of ecological information for better management of aquatic ecosystems in this region.