bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health related quality of life associated with extreme obesity in adolescents – results from the baseline evaluation of the YES-study
Authors: Felix J. , Stark R. , Teuner C. , Leidl R. , Lennerz B. , Brandt S. , von Schnurbein J. , Moss A. , Bollow E. , Sergeyev E. , Mühlig Y. , Wiegand S. , Holl R. W. , Reinehr T. , Kiess W. , Scherag A. , Hebebrand J. , Wabitsch M. , Holle R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Obesity can significantly reduce health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and may lead to numerous health problems even in youths. This study aimed to investigate whether HRQoL varies among youths with obesity depending on grade of obesity and other factors.

Methods
For the Youths with Extreme obesity Study (YES) (2012–2014), a prospective multicenter cohort study, a baseline sample of 431 obese and extremely obese adolescents and young adults (age 14 to 24 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) was recruited at four German university medical centers and one job center. Obesity grade groups (OGG) were defined according to BMI (OGG I: 30–34.9 kg/m2, OGG II: 35–39.9 kg/m2, OGG III (extreme obesity): ≥40 kg/m2). HRQoL was measured with the Euroqol-5D-3 L (EQ-5D-3 L), DISABKIDS chronic generic (DCGM-31) and the KINDLR obesity module. Differences between OGGs were assessed with logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and study center in the base model. In a second regression analysis, we included other characteristics to identify possible determinants of HRQoL.

Results
Three hundred fifty-two adolescents (mean age: 16.6 (±2.4), mean BMI: 39.1 (±7.5) kg/ m2) with available HRQoL data were analysed. HRQoL of youths in all OGGs was markedly lower than reference values of non-obese adolescents. Adjusting for age and sex, HRQoL of youths in OGG III significantly impaired compared to OGG I. Youths in OGG III were 2.15 times more likely to report problems with mobility in the EQ-5D-3 L than youths in OGG I. A mean difference of 9.7 and 6.6 points between OGG III and I were found for DCGM-31 and KINDL respectively and 5.1 points between OGG II and I for DCGM-31. Including further variables into the regression models, showed that HRQoL measured by DCGM-31 was significantly different between OGGs. Otherwise, female sex and having more than 4 h of daily screen time were also associated with lower HRQoL measured by DCGM-31 and KINDL.

Conclusion
HRQoL of adolescents with obesity is reduced, but HRQoL of adolescents with extreme obesity is particularly affected. Larger and longitudinal studies are necessary to understand the relation of extreme obesity and HRQoL, and the impact of other lifestyle or socioeconomic factors.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01625325; German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00004172.
HIV drug resistance in patients in China’s national HIV treatment programme who have been on first-line ART for at least 9 months
Authors: Liu Pengtao , Xing Hui , Liao Lingjie , Feng Yi , Leng Xuebing , Wang Jing , Kan Wei , Yan Jing , Li Yang , Zuo Zhongbao , You Yinghui , Ruan Yuhua , Shao Yiming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess trends in drug resistance and associated clinical and programmatic factors at a national level during the rapid scale up of ART.MethodsLogistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with HIVDR. Variables associated with drug resistance in multivariable logistic regression were included in the Cochran–Armitage test for trend.ResultsA total of 11,976 patients were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of HIVDR among patients who received ART for 9–24 months during 2003–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2015 significantly decreased (15.5%, 6.3%, and 2.3%, respectively,P < 0.01). With respect to the class of antiretroviral, there were substantial increases in resistance to both non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (2003–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2015: 49.7%, 58.9%, and 73.0%, respectively,P < 0.01). The prevalence of DR to protease inhibitors (PIs) was low, which supported their continued use as second-line therapy in China.ConclusionsOur results provide evidence for the effectiveness of China’s “Treat All” approach to guide policy makers to improve training for healthcare providers and education on ART adherence among patients.
The pivotal role of micro-environmental cells in a human blood–brain barrier in vitro model of cerebral ischemia: functional and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Gerhartl Anna , Pracser Nadja , Vladetic Alexandra , Hendrikx Sabrina , Friedl Heinz-Peter , Neuhaus Winfried 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is altered in several diseases of the central nervous system. For example, the breakdown of the BBB during cerebral ischemia in stroke or traumatic brain injury is a hallmark of the diseases’ progression. This functional damage is one key event which is attempted to be mimicked in in vitro models. Recent studies showed the pivotal role of micro-environmental cells such as astrocytes for this barrier damage in mouse stroke in vitro models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of micro-environmental cells for the functional, paracellular breakdown in a human BBB cerebral ischemia in vitro model accompanied by a transcriptional analysis.

Methods
Transwell models with human brain endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 in mono-culture or co-culture with human primary astrocytes and pericytes or rat glioma cell line C6 were subjected to oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). Changes of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran 4000 permeability were recorded as measures for paracellular tightness. In addition, qPCR and high-throughput qPCR Barrier chips were applied to investigate the changes of the mRNA expression of 38 relevant, expressed barrier targets (tight junctions, ABC-transporters) by different treatments.

Results
In contrast to the mono-culture, the co-cultivation with human primary astrocytes/pericytes or glioma C6 cells resulted in a significantly increased paracellular permeability after 5 h OGD. This indicated the pivotal role of micro-environmental cells for BBB breakdown in the human model. Hierarchical cluster analysis of qPCR data revealed differently, but also commonly regulated clustered targets dependent on medium exchange, serum reduction, hydrocortisone addition and co-cultivations.

Conclusions
The co-cultivation with micro-environmental cells is necessary to achieve a functional breakdown of the BBB in the cerebral ischemia model within an in vivo relevant time window. Comprehensive studies by qPCR revealed that distinct expression clusters of barrier markers exist and that these are regulated by different treatments (even by growth medium change) indicating that controls for single cell culture manipulation steps are crucial to understand the observed effects properly.
A novel extramedullary technique to guide femoral bone preparation in mobile unicompartmental knee arthroplasty based on tibial cut and overall alignment
Authors: Zhang Qidong , Wang Weiguo , Liu Zhaohui , Yue Debo , Cheng Liming , Wang Bailiang , Guo Wanshou 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The mobile Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) implant has been widely used with an intramedullary guide for femoral preparation. We modified the femoral guide technique based on the tibial cut first and spacer block technique. This study was performed to determine the radiographic accuracy and early clinical outcomes of the extramedullary method.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 50 consecutive patients who underwent UKA using the extramedullary technique. An equal number of patients who underwent UKA with the conventional technique were matched as the control group. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in terms of the operating time, blood loss, range of motion, and Hospital for Special Surgery score. Radiographic accuracy was evaluated by the implant position and alignment in the coronal and sagittal planes.

Results
The mean follow-up period was 39.76 ± 5.77 months. There were no differences in the postoperative Hospital for Special Surgery score, range of motion, or hip-knee-ankle angle between the two groups. The operating time in the extramedullary group was shorter than that in the conventional group (54.78 ± 7.95 vs. 59.14 ± 10.91 min, respectively; p = 0.025). The drop in hemoglobin after 3 days was only 12.34 ± 4.98 g/L in the extramedullary group which was less than that in the conventional group (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in the postoperative coronal and sagittal angles between the two groups. Acceptable radiographic accuracy of the implant alignment and position was achieved in 92% of patients in the extramedullary group and 96% of patients in the conventional group.

Conclusions
The radiographic and clinical results of the extramedullary technique were comparable with those of the conventional technique with the advantage of no intramedullary interruption, less blood loss, a shorter operating time, and more rapid recovery. As the technique depends on the accurate tibial cut and overall alignment, we do not recommend it to surgeons without high volume experiences.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered

Level of evidence
IV, retrospective study
PARIS induced defects in mitochondrial biogenesis drive dopamine neuron loss under conditions of parkin or PINK1 deficiency
Authors: Pirooznia Sheila K. , Yuan Changqing , Khan Mohammed Repon , Karuppagounder Senthilkumar S. , Wang Luan , Xiong Yulan , Kang Sung Ung , Lee Yunjong , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Mutations in PINK1 and parkin cause autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD). Evidence placing PINK1 and parkin in common pathways regulating multiple aspects of mitochondrial quality control is burgeoning. However, compelling evidence to causatively link specific PINK1/parkin dependent mitochondrial pathways to dopamine neuron degeneration in PD is lacking. Although PINK1 and parkin are known to regulate mitophagy, emerging data suggest that defects in mitophagy are unlikely to be of pathological relevance. Mitochondrial functions of PINK1 and parkin are also tied to their proteasomal regulation of specific substrates. In this study, we examined how PINK1/parkin mediated regulation of the pathogenic substrate PARIS impacts dopaminergic mitochondrial network homeostasis and neuronal survival in Drosophila.

Methods
The UAS-Gal4 system was employed for cell-type specific expression of the various transgenes. Effects on dopamine neuronal survival and function were assessed by anti-TH immunostaining and negative geotaxis assays. Mitochondrial effects were probed by quantitative analysis of mito-GFP labeled dopaminergic mitochondria, assessment of mitochondrial abundance in dopamine neurons isolated by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and qRT-PCR analysis of dopaminergic factors that promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Statistical analyses employed two-tailed Student’s T-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA as required and data considered significant when P < 0.05.

Results
We show that defects in mitochondrial biogenesis drive adult onset progressive loss of dopamine neurons and motor deficits in Drosophila models of PINK1 or parkin insufficiency. Such defects result from PARIS dependent repression of dopaminergic PGC-1α and its downstream transcription factors NRF1 and TFAM that cooperatively promote mitochondrial biogenesis. Dopaminergic accumulation of human or Drosophila PARIS recapitulates these neurodegenerative phenotypes that are effectively reversed by PINK1, parkin or PGC-1α overexpression in vivo. To our knowledge, PARIS is the only co-substrate of PINK1 and parkin to specifically accumulate in the DA neurons and cause neurodegeneration and locomotor defects stemming from disrupted dopamine signaling.

Conclusions
Our findings identify a highly conserved role for PINK1 and parkin in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and promoting mitochondrial health via the PARIS/ PGC-1α axis. The Drosophila models described here effectively recapitulate the cardinal PD phenotypes and thus will facilitate identification of novel regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis for physiologically relevant therapeutic interventions.
The H2O2-dependent activity of a fungal lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase investigated with a turbidimetric assay
Authors: Filandr Frantisek , Man Petr , Halada Petr , Chang Hucheng , Ludwig Roland , Kracher Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are copper-dependent redox enzymes that cleave recalcitrant biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, starch and hemicelluloses. Although LPMOs receive ample interest in industry and academia, their reaction mechanism is not yet fully understood. Recent studies showed that H2O2 is a more efficient cosubstrate for the enzyme than O2, which could greatly affect the utilization of LPMOs in industrial settings.

Results
We probe the reactivity of LPMO9C from the cellulose-degrading fungus Neurospora crassa with a turbidimetric assay using phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC) as substrate and H2O2 as a cosubstrate. The measurements were also followed by continuous electrochemical H2O2 detection and LPMO reaction products were analysed by mass spectrometry. Different systems for the in situ generation of H2O2 and for the reduction of LPMO’s active-site copper were employed, including glucose oxidase, cellobiose dehydrogenase, and the routinely used reductant ascorbate.

Conclusions
We found for all systems that the supply of H2O2 limited LPMO’s cellulose depolymerization activity, which supports the function of H2O2 as the relevant cosubstrate. The turbidimetric assay allowed rapid determination of LPMO activity on a cellulosic substrate without the need for time-consuming and instrumentally elaborate analysis methods.
Analyses of energy metabolism and stress defence provide insights into Campylobacter concisus growth and pathogenicity
Authors: Yeow Melissa , Liu Fang , Ma Rena , Williams Timothy J. , Riordan Stephen M. , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCampylobacter concisus is an emerging enteric pathogen that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies demonstrated that C. concisus is non-saccharolytic and hydrogen gas (H2) is a critical factor for C. concisus growth. In order to understand the molecular basis of the non-saccharolytic and H2-dependent nature of C. concisus growth, in this study we examined the pathways involving energy metabolism and oxidative stress defence in C. concisus. Bioinformatic analysis of C. concisus genomes in comparison with the well-studied enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was performed. This study found that C. concisus lacks a number of key enzymes in glycolysis, including glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. C. concisus has an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle, with no identifiable succinyl-CoA synthase or fumarate hydratase. C. concisus was inferred to use fewer amino acids and have fewer candidate substrates as electron donors and acceptors compared to C. jejuni. The addition of DMSO or fumarate to media resulted in significantly increased growth of C. concisus in the presence of H2 as an electron donor, demonstrating that both can be used as electron acceptors. Catalase, an essential enzyme for oxidative stress defence in C. jejuni, and various nitrosative stress enzymes, were not found in the C. concisus genome. Overall, C. concisus is inferred to have a non-saccharolytic metabolism in which H2 is central to energy conservation, and a narrow selection of carboxylic acids and amino acids can be utilised as organic substrates. In conclusion, this study provides a molecular basis for the non-saccharolytic and hydrogen-dependent nature of C. concisus energy metabolism pathways, which provides insights into the growth requirements and pathogenicity of this species.
DFT codebook-based hybrid precoding for multiuser mmWave massive MIMO systems
Authors: Huang Yu , Liu Chen , Song Yunchao , Yu Xiaolei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn millimeter wave (mmWave) massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, it is difficult to apply conventional digital precoding techniques due to hardware constraints. Fortunately, the hybrid precoding can be utilized to reduce power consumption and high costs. In this paper, a codebook-based hybrid precoding scheme for downlink multiuser mmWave massive MIMO systems is proposed. Our main idea is that the analog and digital precoders are designed separately to maximize the achievable sum rate. In the analog domain, we take the potential multiuser conflict and angular domain of channel matrix into consideration and propose an efficient conflicting-aware (CA) beam-column selection method to obtain a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) codebook-based analog precoder. According to the CA method, all users are classified into two groups, i.e., conflicting users (CUs) and non-conflicting users (NCUs). Different criteria of beam-column selection are applied for the two user groups. Then, zero-forcing (ZF) digital precoder is directly used in the digital domain. Simulation results illustrate that our proposed algorithm which has low complexity achieves satisfactory SR performance, which approaches that of the full digital precoding (the upper bound) and outperforms other existing hybrid algorithms.
Analysis of a time-delayed free boundary problem for solid tumor growth with angiogenesis and direct influence of inhibitors
Authors: Xu Shihe , Su Dan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we consider a free boundary problem for tumor growth under direct effect of inhibitors with angiogenesis and time delays in proliferation. The existence and uniqueness of the steady state solution is studied. The asymptotic behavior of steady state solution is proved, and the condition under which the tumor will tend to disappear is given. Finally, we also discuss the effects of the concentration of external inhibitors, the concentration of external nutrients, and the consumption rate of nutrients and inhibitors on the growth of tumors. The results show that under certain conditions the tumor will eventually disappear or will tend to a steady state. The increase of inhibitor concentration (or consumption rate) will lead to the reduction of the radius of the tumor, and the increase of nutrient concentration (or consumption rate) will lead to the increase of the radius of the tumor.
Stability of Ulam–Hyers and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias for a class of fractional differential equations
Authors: Dai Qun , Gao Ruimei , Li Zhe , Wang Changjia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a class of nonlinear fractional differential equations with integral boundary condition. By means of Krasnosel’skiĭ fixed point theorem and contraction mapping principle we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear system. By means of Bielecki-type metric and the Banach fixed point theorem we investigate the Ulam–Hyers and Ulam–Hyers–Rassias stability of nonlinear fractional differential equations. Besides, we discuss an example for illustration of the main work.
Growth performance, oxidative stress and immune status of newly weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids with or without supplemental vitamin E or polyphenols
Authors: Silva-Guillen Y. V. , Arellano C. , Boyd R. D. , Martinez G. , van Heugten E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the use of dietary vitamin E and polyphenols on growth, immune and oxidative status of weaned pigs fed peroxidized lipids. A total of 192 piglets (21 days of age and body weight of 6.62 ± 1.04 kg) were assigned within sex and weight blocks to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using 48 pens with 4 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments consisted of lipid peroxidation (6% edible soybean oil or 6% peroxidized soybean oil), and antioxidant supplementation (control diet containing 33 IU/kg DL-α-tocopheryl-acetate; control with 200 IU/kg additional dl-α-tocopheryl-acetate; or control with 400 mg/kg polyphenols). Pigs were fed in 2 phases for 14 and 21 days, respectively.

Results
Peroxidation of oil for 12 days at 80 °C with exposure to 50 L/min of air substantially increased peroxide values, anisidine value, hexanal, and 2,4-decadienal concentrations. Feeding peroxidized lipids decreased (P < 0.001) body weight (23.16 vs. 18.74 kg), daily gain (473 vs. 346 g/d), daily feed intake (658 vs. 535 g/d) and gain:feed ratio (719 vs. 647 g/kg). Lipid peroxidation decreased serum vitamin E (P < 0.001) and this decrease was larger on day 35 (1.82 vs. 0.81 mg/kg) than day 14 (1.95 vs. 1.38 mg/kg). Supplemental vitamin E, but not polyphenols, increased (P ≤ 0.002) serum vitamin E by 84% and 22% for control and peroxidized diets, respectively (interaction, P = 0.001). Serum malondialdehyde decreased (P < 0.001) with peroxidation on day 14, but not day 35 and protein carbonyl increased (P < 0.001) with peroxidation on day 35, but not day 14. Serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was not affected (P > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity decreased with peroxidation (P < 0.001) and increased with vitamin E (P = 0.065) and polyphenols (P = 0.046) for the control oil diet only. Serum cytokine concentrations increased with feeding peroxidized lipids on day 35, but were not affected by antioxidant supplementation (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
Feeding peroxidized lipids negatively impacted growth performance and antioxidant capacity of nursery pigs. Supplementation of vitamin E and polyphenols improved total antioxidant capacity, especially in pigs fed control diets, but did not restore growth performance.
Cortisol levels in unmedicated patients with unipolar and bipolar major depression using hair and saliva specimens
Authors: Herane-Vives Andrés , Arnone Danilo , de Angel Valeria , Papadopoulos Andrew , Wise Toby , Alameda Luis , Chua Kia-Chong , Young Allan H. , Cleare Anthony J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating between unipolar and bipolar depression can be clinically challenging, especially at first presentation. Patterns of cortisol secretion could aid diagnostic discrimination in affective disorders although there has been little comparative research to date. In this study, we investigated acute (saliva) and chronic (hair) cortisol levels concurrently in unmedicated unipolar and bipolar disorders by using conventional diagnostic criteria and self-report measures.MethodsPatients with unipolar and bipolar major depression and healthy controls were recruited and assessed. Cortisol levels were extracted from saliva and hair specimens. Depressive features were investigated according to diagnostic groups and with a continuous self-report measure of bipolarity using the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-33).ResultsWhilst a trend towards a reduction in the total daily salivary cortisol output—area under the curve with respect to the ground (AUCg)—was detected in depressive disorders across diagnosis, the self-administrated bipolarity index suggested that an increase in bipolarity symptoms predicted lower cortisol levels using AUCg. Chronic cortisol measurement did not discriminate unipolar from bipolar depression.ConclusionResults suggested that whilst a low total daily salivary cortisol output (AUCg) might be associated with depressive symptoms, a self-reported measure of bipolarity predicts lower daily cortisol output.