bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aeromedical evacuation: experiences from the UK military level 2 hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, during Op TRENTON
Authors: Eveson Leanne Jane , Nevin W , Cordingley N , Almond M 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionAeromedical Evacuation (AE) is a vital role of the Defence Medical Services (DMS). With a far-reaching defence global footprint, an AE capability is crucial to enable movement of patients in the fastest, safest and least stressful way that meets or exceeds the level of care an injured or ill person may expect to receive in the UK. Operation (Op) TRENTON is a UK military humanitarian operation in support of the United Nations (UN) Mission in South Sudan.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out of all patients who underwent AE from the UK level 2 hospital at Bentiu during Op TRENTON over a 17-month period from June 2017 to October 2018.Results14 patients underwent AE. The median age was 36 (22–64) years and all patients were male. 21% of AEs were for UK personnel and 79% were for UN personnel. 29% of AEs were due to non-battle injury with the remainder due to disease. Musculoskeletal was the largest diagnostic group (n=4) followed by respiratory (n=3), cardiovascular (n=2), undifferentiated febrile illness (n=2), neurology (n=1), renal medicine (n=1) and psychiatry (n=1).ConclusionsPatients requiring AE from the level 2 hospital at Bentiu mostly had musculoskeletal and medical pathology, a stark contrast to the trauma patient cohort from operations in the past. The majority of patients had definitive care under the medical team highlighting the requirement for DMS physicians and the AE team, to be trained in acute, general and aviation medicine. The majority of AE moves were for UN personnel and on UN airframes, highlighting the importance of a sound understanding of the nations we are working with.
Association between GP participation in a primary care group and monitoring of biomedical and lifestyle target indicators in people with type 2 diabetes: a cohort study (ELZHA cohort-1)
Authors: van Bruggen Sytske , Rauh Simone P , Bonten Tobias N , Chavannes Niels H , Numans Mattijs E , Kasteleyn Marise J 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveWhether care group participation by general practitioners improves delivery of diabetes care is unknown. Using ‘monitoring of biomedical and lifestyle target indicators as recommended by professional guidelines’ as an operationalisation for quality of care, we explored whether (1) in new practices monitoring as recommended improved a year after initial care group participation (aim 1); (2) new practices and experienced practices differed regarding monitoring (aim 2).DesignObservational, real-life cohort study.SettingPrimary care registry data from Eerstelijns Zorggroep Haaglanden (ELZHA) care group.ParticipantsAim 1:From six new practices (n=538 people with diabetes) that joined care group ELZHA in January 2014, two practices (n=211 people) were excluded because of missing baseline data; four practices (n=182 people) were included.Aim 2:From all six new practices (n=538 people), 295 individuals were included. From 145 experienced practices (n=21 465 people), 13 744 individuals were included.ExposureCare group participation includes support by staff nurses on protocolised diabetes care implementation and availability of a system providing individual monitoring information. ‘Monitoring as recommended’ represented minimally one annual registration of each biomedical (HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein) and lifestyle-related target indicator (body mass index, smoking behaviour, physical exercise).Primary outcome measuresAim 1:In new practices, odds of people being monitored as recommended in 2014 were compared with baseline (2013).Aim 2:Odds of monitoring as recommended in new and experienced practices in 2014 were compared.ResultsAim 1:After 1-year care group participation, odds of being monitored as recommended increased threefold (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.84 to 4.88, p<0.001).Aim 2:Compared with new practices, no significant differences in the odds of monitoring as recommended were found in experienced practices (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.18 to 8.37, p=0.844).ConclusionsWe observed a sharp increase concerning biomedical and lifestyle monitoring as recommended after 1-year care group participation, and subsequently no significant difference between new and experienced practices—indicating that providing diabetes care within a collective approach rapidly improves registration of care.
Study protocol for optimising glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections: intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring, carbohydrate counting with automated bolus calculation, or both? A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Secher Anna Lilja , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Svendsen Ole Lander , Gade-Rasmussen Birthe , Almdal Thomas P , Dørflinger Liv , Vistisen Dorte , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionThere are beneficial effects of advanced carbohydrate counting with an automatic bolus calculator (ABC) and intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) in persons with type 1 diabetes. We aim to compare the effects of isCGM, training in carbohydrate counting with ABC and the combination of the two concepts with standard care.Methods and analysisA multi-centre randomised controlled trial with inclusion criteria: ≥18 years, type 1 diabetes ≥1 year, injection therapy, HbA1c >53 mmol/mol, whereas daily use of carbohydrate counting and/or CGM/isCGM wear are exclusion criteria. Inclusion was initiated in October 2018 and is ongoing. Eligible persons are randomised into four groups: standard care, ABC, isCGM or ABC+isCGM. Devices used are FreeStyle Libre Flash and smart phone diabetes application mySugr. Participants attend group courses according to treatment allocation with different educational contents. Participants are followed for 26 weeks with clinical visits and telephone consultations. At baseline and at study end, participants wear blinded CGM, have blood samples performed and fill in questionnaires on person-related outcomes, and at baseline also on personality traits and hypoglycaemia awareness. The primary outcome is the difference in time spent in normoglycaemia (4–10 mmol/L) at study end versus baseline between the isCGM group and the standard care group. Secondary outcomes will also be analysed. Results are expected in 2020.Ethics and disseminationRegional Scientific Ethics Committee approval (H-17040573). Results will be sought disseminated at conferences and in high impact journals.Trial registration numberClinicalTrial.gov registry (NCT03682237).
Prevalence of and risk factors for curable sexually transmitted infections on Bubaque Island, Guinea Bissau
Authors: Cowley Giovanna , Milne Gregory , Teixeira da Silva Eunice , Nakutum Jose , Rodrigues Amabelia , Vasileva Hristina , Mabey David , Versteeg Bart , Last Anna 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesComplications from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can result in severe morbidity and mortality. To date, no STI population studies have been conducted on the Bijagos Islands, Guinea Bissau. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors forChlamydia trachomatis (Ct), Neisseria gonorrhoea (Ng), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv)andTreponema pallidum (Tp) on Bubaque, the most populated island.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on the island of Bubaque among people aged 16–49 years. Participants were asked to answer a questionnaire on STI risk factors, to provide urine samples (men and women) and vaginal swabs (women) for PCR testing forCt, Ng, Mg and Tv,and to provide dry blood spots forTpparticle agglutination assays. Data were analysed to estimate the prevalence of STIs and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors.ResultsIn total, 14.9% of participants were found to have a curable STI, with the highest prevalence being observed forTv(5.9%) followed byCt(3.8%),Ng(3.8%),Mg(1.9%) andTp(0.8%). Significant risk factors for having any STI included being female, younger age and concurrent partnership. Having had a previous STI that was optimally treated was a protective factor.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there is a considerable burden of STI on the Bijagos Islands, stressing the need for diagnostic testing to facilitate early detection and treatment of these pathogens to stop ongoing transmission. Moreover, these results indicate the need to conduct further research into the STI burden on the Bijagos Islands to help inform and develop a national STI control strategy.
Success and luck in creative careers
Authors: Janosov Milán , Battiston Federico , Sinatra Roberta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLuck is considered a crucial ingredient to achieve impact in all creative domains, despite their diversity. For instance, in science, the movie industry, music, and art, the occurrence of the highest impact work and a hot streak within a creative career are very difficult to predict. Are there domains that are more prone to luck than others? Here, we provide new insights on the role of randomness in impact in creative careers in two ways: (i) we systematically untangle luck and individual ability to generate impact in the movie, music, and book industries, and in science, and compare the luck factor between these fields; (ii) we show the surprising presence of randomness in the relationship between collaboration networks and timing of career hits. Taken together, our analysis suggests that luck consistently affects career impact across all considered sectors and improves our understanding in pinpointing the key elements in driving success.
Hexagonal PCF of honeycomb lattice with high birefringence and high nonlinearity
Authors: Devika V. , Rajan M. S. Mani 
Published: April 2020

This paper presents an optimum design for highly birefringent micro structured photonic crystal fiber (PCF). This is designed with novel hexagonal PCF of honeycomb lattice cladding with hexagonal shaped air cavities and the kernel of the hive is formed by two oblong air holes. The dispersion characteristics of this novel structure have been analyzed analytically using Finite Element Method (FEM) and reported for dispersion and nonlinear coefficient including other fiber parameter. This structure is optimized with distinctive parameters of fiber geometry like pitch of the core, diameters of elliptical shaped air cavities, cladding region having ample of space assortment of wavelength from 0.1 m to 2.0 m also made of SF57 glass helps in reaching high birefringence and low dispersion through the optimization of the arrangement and diameter of elliptical and hexagonal air holes. The proposed model has been suggested with high nonlinearity for super continuum generation.
Remote Management of Pacemaker Patients With Biennial In-Clinic Evaluation
Authors: Watanabe Eiichi , Yamazaki Fumio , Goto Toshihiko , Asai Toru , Yamamoto Toshihiko , Hirooka Keiji , Sato Toshiaki , Kasai Atsunobu , Ueda Marehiko , Yamakawa Takeshi , Ueda Yasunori , Yamamoto Katsuhito , Tokunaga Takeshi , Sugai Yoshinao , Tanaka Kazuhiko , Hiramatsu Shigeki , Arakawa Tomoharu , Schrader Jürgen , Varma Niraj , Ando Kenji 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Current expert consensus recommends remote monitoring for cardiac implantable electronic devices, with at least annual in-office follow-up. We studied safety and resource consumption of exclusive remote follow-up (RFU) in pacemaker patients for 2 years.

Methods:
In Japan, consecutive pacemaker patients committed to remote monitoring were randomized to either RFU or conventional in-office follow-up (conventional follow-up) at twice yearly intervals. RFU patients were only seen if indicated by remote monitoring. All returned to hospital after 2 years. The primary end point was a composite of death, stroke, or cardiovascular events requiring surgery, and the primary hypothesis was noninferiority with 5% margin.

Results:

Of 1274 randomized patients (50.4% female, age 77±10 years), 558 (RFU) and 550 (Conventional follow-up) patients reached either the primary end point or 24 months follow-up. The primary end point occurred in 10.9% and 11.8%, respectively (
P
=0.0012 for noninferiority). The median (interquartile range) number of in-office follow-ups was 0.50 (0.50–0.63) in RFU and 2.01 (1.93–2.05) in conventional follow-up per patient-year (
P
<0.001). Insurance claims for follow-ups and directly related diagnostic procedures were 18 800 Yen (16 500–20 700 Yen) in RFU and 21 400 Yen (16 700–25 900 Yen) in conventional follow-up (
P
<0.001). Only 1.4% of remote follow-ups triggered an unscheduled in-office follow-up, and only 1.5% of scheduled in-office follow-ups were considered actionable.

Conclusions:
Replacing periodic in-office follow-ups with remote follow-ups for 2 years in pacemaker patients committed to remote monitoring does not increase the occurrence of major cardiovascular events and reduces resource consumption.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01523704.
Job Strain as a Risk Factor for Peripheral Artery Disease: A Multi‐Cohort Study
Authors: Heikkilä Katriina , Pentti Jaana , Madsen Ida E. H. , Lallukka Tea , Virtanen Marianna , Alfredsson Lars , Bjorner Jakob , Borritz Marianne , Brunner Eric , Burr Hermann , Ferrie Jane E. , Knutsson Anders , Koskinen Aki , Leineweber Constanze , Magnusson Hanson Linda L. , Nielsen Martin L. , Nyberg Solja T. , Oksanen Tuula , Pejtersen Jan H. , Pietiläinen Olli , Rahkonen Ossi , Rugulies Reiner , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Steptoe Andrew , Suominen Sakari , Theorell Töres , Vahtera Jussi , Väänänen Ari , Westerlund Hugo , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: April 2020

Background

Job strain is implicated in many atherosclerotic diseases, but its role in peripheral artery disease (
PAD
) is unclear. We investigated the association of job strain with hospital records of
PAD
, using individual‐level data from 11 prospective cohort studies from Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom.

Methods and Results

Job strain (high demands and low control at work) was self‐reported at baseline (1985–2008).
PAD
records were ascertained from national hospitalization data. We used Cox regression to examine the associations of job strain with
PAD
in each study, and combined the study‐specific estimates in random effects meta‐analyses. We used τ
2
, I
2
, and subgroup analyses to examine heterogeneity. Of the 139 132 participants with no previous hospitalization with
PAD
, 32 489 (23.4%) reported job strain at baseline. During 1 718 132 person‐years at risk (mean follow‐up 12.8 years), 667 individuals had a hospital record of
PAD
(3.88 per 10 000 person‐years). Job strain was associated with a 1.41‐fold (95% CI, 1.11–1.80) increased average risk of hospitalization with
PAD
. The study‐specific estimates were moderately heterogeneous (τ
2
=0.0427, I
2
: 26.9%). Despite variation in their magnitude, the estimates were consistent in both sexes, across the socioeconomic hierarchy and by baseline smoking status. Additional adjustment for baseline diabetes mellitus did not change the direction or magnitude of the observed associations.

Conclusions

Job strain was associated with small but consistent increase in the risk of hospitalization with
PAD
, with the relative risks on par with those for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke.
Greater Daily Psychosocial Stress Exposure is Associated With Increased Norepinephrine‐Induced Vasoconstriction in Young Adults
Authors: Greaney Jody L. , Surachman Agus , Saunders Erika F. H. , Alexander Lacy M. , Almeida David M. 
Published: April 2020

Background
Epidemiological data suggest a link between psychological stress and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this investigation was to directly examine the influence of daily psychosocial stress on microvascular adrenergic vasoconstrictor responsiveness in healthy adults. We hypothesized increased daily psychosocial stress would be positively related to increased norepinephrine‐induced vasoconstriction.

Methods and Results

Eighteen healthy adults (19–36 years; 10 women) completed a daily psychosocial experiences telephone interview for 8 consecutive evenings in order to document their exposure and emotional responsiveness to common stressors (eg, arguments, work stress) over the preceding 24 hrs. On the last interview day, red cell flux (laser Doppler flowmetry) was measured during graded intradermal microdialysis perfusion of norepinephrine (10
−12
to 10
−2
mol/L) and expressed as a percentage of baseline vascular conductance. Exogenous norepinephrine elicited progressive and robust vasoconstriction in all individuals (maximal vasoconstriction: 71±4%
base
; cumulative vasoconstriction [area under the curve]: 118±102 arbitrary units). Participants experienced a stressor on 51±5% of days and a total of 5.2±0.9 stressors over the 8‐day time frame. Increased daily frequency of stressor exposure was positively related to both maximal (
R
2
=0.26;
P
=0.03) and cumulative (
R
2
=0.31;
P
=0.02) vasoconstrictor responsiveness. Likewise, the total number of stressors was associated with increased maximal (
R
2
=0.40;
P
<0.01) and cumulative (
R
2
=0.27;
P
=0.03) norepinephrine‐induced vasoconstriction. Neither stressor severity nor stress‐related emotions were related to vasoconstrictor responsiveness.

Conclusions
Collectively, these data suggest that daily psychosocial stressor exposure by itself is sufficient to adversely influence microvascular vasoconstrictor function, regardless of the perceived severity or emotional consequences of the stressor exposure.
Hematopoietic stem cell function in β-thalassemia is impaired and is rescued by targeting the bone marrow niche
Authors: Aprile Annamaria , Gulino Alessandro , Storto Mariangela , Villa Isabella , Beretta Stefano , Merelli Ivan , Rubinacci Alessandro , Ponzoni Maurilio , Marktel Sarah , Tripodo Claudio , Lidonnici Maria Rosa , Ferrari Giuliana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are regulated by signals from the bone marrow (BM) niche that tune hematopoiesis at steady state and in hematologic disorders. To understand HSC-niche interactions in altered nonmalignant homeostasis, we selected β-thalassemia, a hemoglobin disorder, as a paradigm. In this severe congenital anemia, alterations secondary to the primary hemoglobin defect have a potential impact on HSC-niche cross talk. We report that HSCs in thalassemic mice (th3) have an impaired function, caused by the interaction with an altered BM niche. The HSC self-renewal defect is rescued after cell transplantation into a normal microenvironment, thus proving the active role of the BM stroma. Consistent with the common finding of osteoporosis in patients, we found reduced bone deposition with decreased levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is a key regulator of bone metabolism but also of HSC activity. In vivo activation of PTH signaling through the reestablished Jagged1 and osteopontin levels correlated with the rescue of the functional pool of th3 HSCs by correcting HSC-niche cross talk. Reduced HSC quiescence was confirmed in thalassemic patients, along with altered features of the BM stromal niche. Our findings reveal a defect in HSCs in β-thalassemia induced by an altered BM microenvironment and provide novel and relevant insight for improving transplantation and gene therapy approaches.
Impact of exercise on the immune system and outcomes in hematologic malignancies
Authors: Sitlinger Andrea , Brander Danielle M. , Bartlett David B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Exercise is increasingly recognized as important to cancer care. The biology of how exercise improves outcomes is not well understood, however. Studies show that exercise favorably influences the immune system in healthy individuals (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer cells, T cells, and a number of cytokines). Thus, exercise in patients with hematologic cancer could significantly improve immune function and tumor microenvironment. We performed a literature search and identified 7 studies examining exercise and the immune environment in hematologic malignancies. This review focuses on the role of exercise and physical activity on the immune system in hematologic malignancies and healthy adults.
A deterministic equation to predict the accuracy of multi-population genomic prediction with multiple genomic relationship matrices
Authors: Raymond Biaty , Wientjes Yvonne C. J. , Bouwman Aniek C. , Schrooten Chris , Veerkamp Roel F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundA multi-population genomic prediction (GP) model in which important pre-selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are differentially weighted (MPMG) has been shown to result in better prediction accuracy than a multi-population, single genomic relationship matrix ($${\mathbf{GRM}}$$GRM) GP model (MPSG) in which all SNPs are weighted equally. Our objective was to underpin theoretically the advantages and limits of the MPMG model over the MPSG model, by deriving and validating a deterministic prediction equation for its accuracy.MethodsUsing selection index theory, we derived an equation to predict the accuracy of estimated total genomic values of selection candidates from population$$A$$A($$r_{{{\mathbf{EGV}}_{{A_{T} }} }}$$rEGVAT), when individuals from two populations,$$A$$Aand$$B$$B, are combined in the training population and two$${\mathbf{GRM}}$$GRM, made respectively from pre-selected and remaining SNPs, are fitted simultaneously in MPMG. We used simulations to validate the prediction equation in scenarios that differed in the level of genetic correlation between populations, heritability, and proportion of genetic variance explained by the pre-selected SNPs. Empirical accuracy of the MPMG model in each scenario was calculated and compared to the predicted accuracy from the equation.ResultsIn general, the derived prediction equation resulted in accurate predictions of$$r_{{{\mathbf{EGV}}_{{A_{T} }} }}$$rEGVATfor the scenarios evaluated. Using the prediction equation, we showed that an important advantage of the MPMG model over the MPSG model is its ability to benefit from the small number of independent chromosome segments ($$M_{e}$$Me) due to the pre-selected SNPs, both within and across populations, whereas for the MPSG model, there is only a single value for$$M_{e}$$Me, calculated based on all SNPs, which is very large. However, this advantage is dependent on the pre-selected SNPs that explain some proportion of the total genetic variance for the trait.ConclusionsWe developed an equation that gives insight into why, and under which conditions the MPMG outperforms the MPSG model for GP. The equation can be used as a deterministic tool to assess the potential benefit of combining information from different populations, e.g., different breeds or lines for GP in livestock or plants, or different groups of people based on their ethnic background for prediction of disease risk scores.