bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of aflatoxins contamination levels in betel nuts (Areca catechu L.) imported from Asian countries
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Asif , Ahmed Aftab , Asghar Muhammad Arif 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAspergillus and their linked metabolites such as aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the extremely significant contaminants affecting food production around the world. The contamination of AFs has been identified in various food commodities, which have been recognized as carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive. The present study was undertaken to assess the AFs contamination in betel nuts (Areca catechuL.) being imported to Pakistan from South Asian countries during 2018–2019.MethodsA total of 143 betel nuts consignments (India = 80, Indonesia = 39 and Sri Lanka = 24) were obtained and analyzed for the AF contamination using immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up procedure subsequent by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results: In Indian-origin betel nuts, about 96.3% samples were contaminated with AFs, ranging from 1.18‒331.57 µg/kg with mean contamination of 76.11 ± 1.12 µg/kg; whereas, in Indonesian and Sri Lankan shipments, 100% samples of betel nuts were found infected with AFs, ranging between 1.88‒378.94 and 4.74‒106.58 µg/kg with an average level of 123.76 ± 1.25 and 47.95 ± 0.98 µg/kg, respectively.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the AFs levels present an acute toxicity to human health and also hazard factors for the economy since contaminated foodstuffs do not fulfill the requirements of export/import. Therefore, instant actions should be engaged and re-evaluate agricultural procedures and regular monitoring of AFs level in food stuffs to minimize the chances of various diseases such as oral pre-cancerous oral wounds, submucous fibrosis and squamous cell carcinoma (cancer).
Eating disorders and oral health: a scoping review on the role of dietitians
Authors: Patterson-Norrie Tiffany , Ramjan Lucie , Sousa Mariana S. , Sank Lindy , George Ajesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Compromised nutritional intake due to eating disorder related behaviors, such as binge eating and purging, can lead to multi-system medical complications, including an irreversible impact on oral health. However, dental anxiety, fear or embarrassment may hinder individuals with an eating disorder from seeking assistance for their oral health concerns. As key health professionals in eating disorder treatment, dietitians are well positioned to provide basic dental screening, however, their capacity to perform this role in practice has not been established. The aim of this review was to identify current evidence on the role of dietitians in promoting oral health among individuals with eating disorders.

Methods
A comprehensive search of eight electronic databases and the grey literature was conducted to address the following three focus areas: 1) guidelines and recommendations on the role of dietitians in oral health 2) knowledge, attitudes and practices of dietitians regarding oral health promotion and; 3) current models of oral health care and resources for dietitians.

Results
Twelve articles were included. The review indicated that current national and international position statements encourage dietitians to conduct basic oral health screening and promote oral health in high risk populations, such as those with an eating disorder. However, no evidence was found to indicate dietitians performed oral health screening or education in populations with an eating disorder. In other population settings, dietitians were found to play a role in oral health promotion, however, were noted to have mixed knowledge on oral health risk factors, prevention and treatment and generally were not providing referrals. Some oral health promotion resources existed for dietitians working in pediatric, HIV and geriatric clinical areas however no resources were identified for dietitians working in eating disorder settings.

Conclusion
Despite current evidence showing that dietitians can play a role in oral health care, no models of care exist where dietitians promote oral health among individuals with an eating disorder. There are also no training resources and screening tools for dietitians in this area. Further research is required to develop this model of care and assess its feasibility and acceptability.
Life satisfaction among a clinical eating disorder population
Authors: Claydon Elizabeth A. , DeFazio Caterina , Lilly Christa L. , Zullig Keith J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The primary objective was to understand life satisfaction (LS) of patients with eating disorders (EDs) in relation to eating pathology severity, personal/familial ED history, and key demographic and anthropometric variables.

Methods
Participants (N = 60) completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Eating Pathology Severity Index (EPSI), and demographic questionnaires. Bivariate associations via correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to explore these relationships.

Results
The SWLS mean score was 3.7 out of 7, suggesting it is below the population-based norm. LS was positively statistically significantly associated with private insurance, past ED, EPSI muscle building, EPSI restricted eating, and EPSI negative attitudes. When included in multiple linear regression, the model explained 33% of the variability of LS [F (7, 56) = 3.4, p = 0.0054, R2 = 0.33]. EPSI muscle building remained the strongest predictor (β = 0.13, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Based on the data, individuals who have/have had EDs scored lower on the SWLS than the general population. Individuals scoring within this range typically experience significant issues in several areas of life or a substantial issue in one area.
Electrolyte-based calculation of fluid shifts after infusing 0.9% saline in severe hyperglycemia
Authors: Svensson Robert , Zdolsek Joachim , Malm Marcus , Hahn Robert G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly treatment of severe hyperglycemia involves large shifts of body fluids that entail a risk of hemodynamic instability. We studied the feasibility of applying a new electrolyte equation that estimates the degree of volume depletion and the distribution of infused 0.9% saline in this setting.MethodsThe new equation was applied to plasma and urinary concentrations of sodium and chloride measured before and 30 min after a 30-min infusion of 1 L of 0.9% saline on two consecutive days in 14 patients with severe hyperglycemia (mean age 50 years). The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume was also estimated based on the volume dilution kinetics of chloride.ResultsOn day 1, the baseline ECF volume amounted to 11.5 L. The saline infusion expanded the ECF space by 160 mL and the intracellular fluid space by 375 mL. On day 2, the ECF volume was 15.5 L, and twice as much of the infused fluid remained in the ECF space. The chloride dilution kinetics yielded baseline ECF volumes of 11.6 and 15.2 L on day 1 and day 2, respectively. No net uptake of glucose to the cells occurred during the two 1-h measurement periods despite insulin administration in the intervening time period.ConclusionsThe electrolyte equation was feasible to apply in a group of hyperglycemic patients. The ECF space was 3 L smaller than expected on admission but normal on the second day. Almost half of the infused fluid was distributed intracellularly.
Integrating image fusion with nanoparticle contrast agents for diagnosis: a review
Authors: Manson Eric Naab , Hasford Francis , Inkoom Stephen , Gedel Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs newer technologies in the field of medical imaging continue to expand, development of unique techniques for optimizing image quality and minimizing radiation dose becomes very necessary for improve diagnosis of pathologies and patient safety. Different types of medical imaging devices have been developed for specific diagnostic purposes.Main textThis article provides a brief overview on the need for co-registration of some medical images into a single image (image fusion), advantages of some nanoparticle contrast agents in medical imaging, and a discussion of present and future role of integrating image fusion with nanoparticle contrast agents in diagnosis.ConclusionThe use of nanoparticle contrast agents together with image fusion is a promising technique in future medical imaging as is likely to reveal pathologies of ≤ 1 nm sizes.
Value of musculoskeletal ultrasound in assessment of rheumatoid hand function
Authors: Safar Aya Hamed , Zaki Mohamed G. , Al-Zifzaf Dina S. , El-Hilaly Rana A. , Abaza Nouran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal ultrasound can be now considered a complement to physical examination in rheumatoid arthritis. This study evaluates the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound in assessment of rheumatoid hand function and underlying functional defects and disabilities in order to find out a possibly better tool for assessment.

Results
Hand grip weakness was significantly associated with metacarpophalangeal joints synovitis of ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.045), wrist joint synovitis (p = 0.009), flexor tendons tenosynovitis of the ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.001), flexor pollicis longus tendon tenosynovitis (p = 0.013).
Hand function impairment by grip ability test was significantly associated with metacarpophalangeal joints synovitis of ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.009), wrist joint synovitis (p = 0.004), and flexor tendons tenosynovitis of the ulnar 4 fingers (p = 0.042). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the most influencing factor affecting grip ability test and hand grip strength was ulnar 4 Flexor tendons tenosynovitis (P = 0.023, P = 0.037) respectively.

Conclusions
Joint synovitis and tenosynovitis that are detected by musculoskeletal ultrasound can be used as an assessment tool for hand function in rheumatoid arthritis, since they are associated with reduced hand grip strength and impaired hand ability.
Identification of suitable substitute for Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz) by phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation
Authors: C. T. Sulaiman , C.K. Jyothi , Unnithan Jinu Krishnan , K.M. Prabhukumar , Balachandran Indira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSarpagandhais an important Ayurveda drug used for treating many diseases including high blood pressure.Rauvolfia serpentinais the genuine source plant forSarpagandhaand it is a critically endangered species belonging to the family Apocynaceae. The present study is aimed at finding out an appropriate substitute for the endangered speciesR. serpentinaby evaluating the phytochemistry and biological activities of allied species such asRauvolfia tetraphyllaL,Rauvolfia hookeriS.R.Sriniv. & Chithra,Rauvolfia micranthaHook.f., andRauvolfia verticillata(Lour.) Baill.ResultsThe result indicated that the root ofR. serpentinais phytochemically similar with that ofR. tetraphylla. Chemical profiling using HPTLC showed similar chemical profiles forR. serpentinaandR. tetraphylla. LC/MS characterization of various species showed that most of the active alkaloids are common for bothR. serpentinaandR. tetraphylla. Anti-hypertensive activity and analgesic activity were evaluated in experimental animal model.Rauvolfia serpentinaandR. tetraphyllashowed comparatively significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure. Comparable analgesic activity was also shown byR. serpentinaandR. tetraphylla.ConclusionOn the basis of phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation, it was concluded that the root ofR. tetraphyllacan be used as a validated substitute forSarpagandha.Graphical abstract
Unique role of admission hyperglycemia on myocardial infarction size and area at risk following an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Meshref Taghreed Sayed , Ashry Mahmoud Aly , El-Aal Refaat Fathi Abd , Imam Hisham Mostafa , Hamad Dina Ali 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperglycemia can adversely affect patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The majority of the studies had investigated the impact of admission hyperglycemia (AH) on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality while, in ours, we entailed its impact on final infarction size (FIS) and more interestingly, on the area at risk (AAR), both were estimated by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging.ResultsAH showed significant positive correlations to FIS and AAR. Moreover, AH group had higher summation of ST segment elevation (sum STE), more maximum ST segment elevation (max STE), higher echocardiographic wall motion score index (WMSI), higher CMR estimated WMSI, and lower segmental ejection fraction (EF). Multivariate analysis showed that AH was independently associated with increased FIS.ConclusionCurrent study showed an association between AH and large FIS in STEMI patients.
Designing Secularity at Sarang Church
Authors: Mellquist Lehto Heather 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Sarang Global Ministry Center (SGMC) in Seoul, South Korea, is well known for its architectural design and for several controversies surrounding its construction. The SGMC does not have conventional Christian architectural features, such as a steeple or stone facade; instead, the church resembles a luxury department store. Reactions to this building have been mixed, reflecting differing opinions about Christianity in South Korea. Some value the fact that the building’s aesthetics blend Christian activities with everyday life outside the church. Others criticize the building’s corporate appearance, citing it as evidence that Sarang Church is “just a business.” While the way religion is permitted to operate in South Korean secular society is partially defined by legal principles, such as the separation of church and state and state neutrality toward religion, secularism also entails an active configuration of the social order through lived experience. Secularity both constitutes and is constituted by the materiality of religious space, which disputes over the SGMC design make clear. Considering varied responses to the SGMC building project, this article highlights how church architecture, city planning, and consumer capitalism participate in the shaping of Korean Protestant Christianity and how it manifests within South Korea’s secular social and political order.
Implication of backward contact tracing in the presence of overdispersed transmission in COVID-19 outbreaks
Authors: Endo Akira ,   Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group, Leclerc Quentin J. , Knight Gwenan M. , Medley Graham F. , Atkins Katherine E. , Funk Sebastian , Kucharski Adam J. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Contact tracing has the potential to control outbreaks without the need for stringent physical distancing policies, e.g. civil lockdowns. Unlike forward contact tracing, backward contact tracing identifies the source of newly detected cases. This approach is particularly valuable when there is high individual-level variation in the number of secondary transmissions (overdispersion). Methods: By using a simple branching process model, we explored the potential of combining backward contact tracing with more conventional forward contact tracing for control of COVID-19. We estimated the typical size of clusters that can be reached by backward tracing and simulated the incremental effectiveness of combining backward tracing with conventional forward tracing. Results: Across ranges of parameter values consistent with dynamics of SARS-CoV-2, backward tracing is expected to identify a primary case generating 3-10 times more infections than average, typically increasing the proportion of subsequent cases averted by a factor of 2-3. The estimated number of cases averted by backward tracing became greater with a higher degree of overdispersion. Conclusion: Backward contact tracing can be an effective tool for outbreak control, especially in the presence of overdispersion as was observed with SARS-CoV-2.
Genetics
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: October 2020

The role of genes in explaining, investigating or treating disease has increased. This article provides a fundamental introduction to genetics. When the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) have knowledge and insight regarding genetics, along with an awareness of the impact of genetic disorders on individuals, they may be able to offer effective support to people as their needs dictate. All kinds of disease can have a potentially devastating and challenging impact on the individual and their family; however, when there are genetic aspects also present, this very often complicates the picture. The article concludes with a glossary and a quiz.
Is the modified Gartland classification system important in deciding the need for operative management of supracondylar humerus fractures?
Authors: Teo Tammie L. , Schaeffer Emily K. , Habib Eva , El-Hawary Ron , Larouche Patricia , Shore Benjamin , Aarvold Alexander , Carsen Sasha , Reilly Christopher , Mulpuri Kishore 
Published: October 2020

Purpose This study examined levels of agreement between paediatric orthopaedic surgeons in the need for operative management of extension-type supracondylar humerus ­fractures. Methods This was the second phase of a two-part study. De-identified baseline anteroposterior and lateral elbow radiographs from 60 paediatric patients with extension-type supracondylar humerus fractures were compiled. After classifying each fracture according to Gartland classification guidelines, radiographs were randomized, and surgeons indicated whether they would use operative or non-operative management to treat each fracture. Kappa statistics using pairwise comparisons were calculated to determine agreement levels. Results In total, 11 international surgeons participated, and 10/11 completed both survey rounds. The overall weighted interobserver agreement was moderate (0.530, 95%CI [0.215,0.854]) while overall weighted intraobserver agreement was substantial (0.740, 95%CI [0.513,0.963]). The largest variability in preferred treatment methods between surgeons was observed for type IIA fractures, with 6/11 preferring non-operative and 5/11 preferring operative management. The largest individual surgeon variability was observed for type IIA fractures, with 8/11 showing variability (defined by not having made the same decision for at least 90% of the cases) in choosing whether to operate. Conclusions Our findings suggest moderate interobserver, and substantial intraobserver agreement in treatment decision making. The largest disagreements between surgeons were observed for type IIA and IIB fractures and treatment decisions did not follow expected trends based on surgeons’ preferred treatment methods for each fracture type. This suggests differences in treatment approaches between surgeons in the management of type IIA fractures and highlights the role of other variables that underlie differences between surgeons’ treatment preferences. Level of evidence III
Propagation of high energy lasers through clouds: modeling and simulation
Authors: Lawrence Andrew , Akers Benjamin F. 
Published: October 2020

A model for 10.6 µm high energy laser beam interaction with a uniform, monodisperse cloud of water droplets is developed. The model includes droplet and vapor heating as well as droplet shattering in the “fast regime” as defined in Appl. Opt. 28, 3671 (1989)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.28.003671. The cloud dynamics feed back on the laser via changes in the complex refractive index. In one space dimension, the model is solved exactly, including an explicit formula for the front of the cleared channel. Numerical simulations are conducted for the axisymmetric three-dimensional case. Model predictions and limitations are discussed.
Coexistence of circular dichroism and asymmetric transmission in a stretchable chiral metamaterial
Authors: Zhou Lei , Peng Yuanhong , Wang Yueke , Lu Mengjia , Zhou Jiaxin , Ding Jian , Sang Tian 
Published: October 2020

A stretchable chiral metamaterial with Au nanoslits and L-shaped and T-shaped Au patterns (SCMM-NLT), which can simultaneously produce circular dichroism (CD) and asymmetric transmission (AT) effects for circularly polarized waves in the mid-infrared region, is proposed. The peak values of CD and AT effects reach 20.4% and

−

20.4

%

at the resonance wavelength of 23.4 µm, respectively, which originate from the excitation of the bonding and antibonding modes. We use the transmission matrix to analyze the simultaneous appearance of CD and AT effects. By stretching SCMM-NLT, the bands of CD and AT occur at the redshift phenomenon, which is attributed to the decrease of Coulomb force between the positive and negative charge accumulated at both ends of the structure. All results are calculated by the FEM-based software COMSOL Multiphysics. In the future, our findings could be applied to wearable electronic devices, such as refractive index sensors.
Językowe sposoby autoprezentacji (na przykładzie) regionalnego ośrodka telewizyjnego w Archangielsku
Authors: Zagórska Katarzyna 
Published: October 2020

The article comprises an academic reflection on linguistic methods of self-presentation, used on regional television in Arkhangelsk. The material was collected in 2018 when the centre was celebrating its 55th anniversary. Moreover, earlier research in television broadcast in the north of Russia was taken into account. Editorial self-presentation is conducted in different ways. It embraces articles published on the website of the radio station and anniversary materials broadcasted on-air which later are uploaded on the web as podcasts. Self-presentation is also created by the image of the radio station reconstituted thanks to agenda, daily news feeds from 2018, examined in the context of sources from 2001-2018. Linguistic analysis is the affirmation of the medium’s form which is listener-oriented. What is more, within last few years the growth of axiological dimension was observed (for instance: religious magazines). Some website as well as on-air statements provide a persuasive step in order to create positive self-presentation. The radio station is seemed to be modern, professional and familiar with every human being, who is interested in social problems.
Mood alternation in German: Negation as a specific case of epistemic weakening
Authors: Abraham Werner , Nishiwaki Maiko 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is mainly about a unique case of syntactic epistemic weakening, i.e. the present subjunctive mood and its negation trigger in surface coordination. In contrast to modern colloquial German, which limits the use of the present subjunctive quite restrictively to root clauses, the older periods of German, Old and Middle High German, showed an extended use of the subjunctive beyond root, i.e. also in dependent structures. However, the semantically interpreted as well as the grammatical subjunctive got entirely lost in Modern colloquial, albeit not quite in Standard written German. The focus of this paper is the discussion of mood in early complex (subordinated or coordinated) negated sentences. Exploiting mainly the MHG text of theLay of the Nibelungs, we focus on negated matrix structures, in superficially coordinated, but semantically dependent clauses. This suggests that thene-particle in co-construction with the subjunctive on the predicate was used to code clausal dependence from the previous (negated) clause. In further course, in specific semantic constructions, the original Middle High German interpretability of paratactic negation and the consequent denotation of non-factual situations were lost and gave way to the pure syntactic coding of dependency. The triangle of triggers contributing to the complex phenomenon consists of 1. negation of different sorts and in various syntactic distributions, 2. dependency marking, and 3. indicative–subjunctive marking on the dependent predicate. The attempt is made to draw comparisons to other epistemicity triggers such as syntactic and lexical nonveridicals.