bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrospira bacteria in paddy soil reduced by biochar application
Authors: Yin Xiaohong , Chen Jiana , Fan Long , Tao Zui , Huang Min , Zou Yingbin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiochar application can depress nitrification in paddy soils, but the microbiological mechanisms involved in this process are not clearly understood. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that biochar may affect nitrification bacteria in paddy soils. Bacterial communities in a paddy soil with and without applications of biochar were compared in a field experiment. Results indicated that the total number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria was not significantly affected by biochar application (20 Mg rice husk biochar ha–1). However, the application of biochar significantly changed the structure of the bacterial community. In particular, the number of OTUs affiliated with Nitrospirae, a key bacterial phylum in nitrification, was significantly reduced, by 25%, by biochar application. The biochar‐induced reduction in Nitrospirae could be explained in part by interspecific competition with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, which were significantly increased by application of biochar. The results of this study suggest that biochar may affect nitrification by changing levels of nitrification bacteria in paddy soils.
Value of composite Normalized Difference Vegetative Index and growing degree days data in Oklahoma, 1999 to 2018
Authors: Figueiredo Bruno , Dhillon Jagmandeep , Eickhoff Elizabeth , Nambi Eva , Raun William 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor over 25 yr, sensor‐based Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) data has been collected from both satellite imagery and near‐plant (3‐m) readings. Because calibrated NDVI data coming from active sensors is still relatively new, limited research has returned to evaluate databases including multiple years and environments. Composite NDVI readings and final grain yield were collected from 1999 to 2018. This included growing degree day (GDD) records for each mid‐season sensor measurement. This was attempted to potentially improve the use of a historical and subjective morphological scale. Using location‐specific‐archived‐data from the Oklahoma Mesonet, the exact number of days from planting to sensing where GDD > 0 for each date and location were compiled. The ensuing relationship between NDVI (for a predetermined GDD > 0 range) and yield was determined. Grain yield prediction was improved between 80 and 115 GDDs. These ranges further targeted a climatologically identifiable metric that precisely determined when to collect sensor readings in future years. Compared with the current composite yield prediction equation for Oklahoma, the new exponential function created from this study was higher in the lower‐yielding environments. Underestimation of fertilizer N rates has been voiced by producers in recent years. This has likely been the product of more current varieties, more efficient farming practices, and increased optimum N rates needed for higher yields. This validates the adoption of a new YP0 equation for OSU's on‐line Sensor Based Nitrogen Rate Calculator, allowing accurate yield prediction between 80 and 115 GDDs.
Active lifestyles moderate clinical outcomes in autosomal dominant frontotemporal degeneration
Authors: Casaletto K. B. , Staffaroni A. M. , Wolf A. , Appleby B. , Brushaber D. , Coppola G. , Dickerson B. , Domoto‐Reilly K. , Elahi F. M. , Fields J. , Fong J. C. , Forsberg L. , Ghoshal N. , Graff‐Radford N. , Grossman M. , Heuer H. W. , Hsiung G.‐Y. , Huey E. D. , Irwin D. , Kantarci K. , Kaufer D. , Kerwin D. , Knopman D. , Kornak J. , Kramer J. H. , Litvan I. , Mackenzie I. R. , Mendez M. , Miller B. , Rademakers R. , Ramos E. M. , Rascovsky K. , Roberson E. D. , Syrjanen J. A. , Tartaglia M. C. , Weintraub S. , Boeve B. , Boxer A. L. , Rosen H. , Yaffe K. ,   the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Study
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionLeisure activities impact brain aging and may be prevention targets. We characterized how physical and cognitive activities relate to brain health for the first time in autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).MethodsA total of 105 mutation carriers (C9orf72/MAPT/GRN) and 69 non‐carriers reported current physical and cognitive activities at baseline, and completed longitudinal neurobehavioral assessments and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.ResultsGreater physical and cognitive activities were each associated with an estimated >55% slower clinical decline per year among dominant gene carriers. There was also an interaction between leisure activities and frontotemporal atrophy on cognition in mutation carriers. High‐activity carriers with frontotemporal atrophy (−1 standard deviation/year) demonstrated >two‐fold better cognitive performances per year compared to their less active peers with comparable atrophy rates.DiscussionActive lifestyles were associated with less functional decline and moderated brain‐to‐behavior relationships longitudinally. More active carriers “outperformed” brain volume, commensurate with a cognitive reserve hypothesis. Lifestyle may confer clinical resilience, even in autosomal dominant FTLD.
Two‐stage Bayesian GWAS of 9576 individuals identifies SNP regions that are targeted by miRNAs inversely expressed in Alzheimer's and cancer
Authors: Pathak Gita A. , Zhou Zhengyang , Silzer Talisa K. , Barber Robert C. , Phillips Nicole R. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium, and Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe compared genetic variants between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and two age‐related cancers—breast and prostate —to identify single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with inverse comorbidity of AD and cancer.MethodsBayesian multinomial regression was used to compare sex‐stratified cases (AD and cancer) against controls in a two‐stage study. A ±500 KB region around each replicated hit was imputed and analyzed after merging individuals from the two stages. The microRNAs (miRNAs) that target the genes involving these SNPs were analyzed for miRNA family enrichment.ResultsWe identified 137 variants with inverse odds ratios for AD and cancer located on chromosomes 19, 4, and 5. The mapped miRNAs within the network were enriched for miR‐17 and miR‐515 families.DiscussionThe identified SNPs were rs4298154 (intergenic), within TOMM40/APOE/APOC1, MARK4, CLPTM1, and near the VDAC1/FSTL4 locus. The miRNAs identified in our network have been previously reported to have inverse expression in AD and cancer.
PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP mutations in 404 Chinese pedigrees with familial Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jia Longfei , Fu Yue , Shen Luxi , Zhang Heng , Zhu Min , Qiu Qiongqiong , Wang Qi , Yan Xin , Kong Chaojun , Hao Jing , Wei Cuibai , Tang Yi , Qin Wei , Li Ying , Wang Fen , Guo Dongmei , Zhou Aihong , Zuo Xiumei , Yu Yueyi , Li Dan , Zhao Lina , Jin Hongmei , Jia Jianping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe PSENs/APP mutation distribution in Chinese patients with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the genetic features of Chinese FAD pedigrees with and without PSENs/APP mutations.MethodsIn total, 1330 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment in 404 pedigrees were enrolled from the Chinese Familial Alzheimer's Disease Network. PSENs/APP mutations and APOE frequencies were determined.ResultsIn total, 13.12% of pedigrees carried PSENs/APP missense mutations, 3.71% carried PSENs/APP synonymous/untranslated region variants, and 83.17% did not carry PSENs/APP mutations. Eleven missense mutations were first identified. In patients without PSENs/APP mutations, 44.31% carried one APOEε4 allele, and 14.85% two APOEε4 alleles.DiscussionThe new PSENs/APP mutations indicate heterogeneity in AD pathogenesis between Chinese and other ethnic groups. The low mutation rate suggests the involvement of other genes/factors in Chinese FAD. APOEε4 might be a major gene for some FAD without PSENs/APP mutations.
Awareness of genetic risk in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
Authors: Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , James Bryan D. , McDade Eric , Wang Guoqiao , Lim Yen Ying , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Cruchaga Carlos , Goate Alison , Xiong Chengjie , Perrin Richard , Buckles Virginia , Allegri Ricardo , Berman Sarah B. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Fagan Anne , Farlow Martin , O'Connor Antoinette , Ghetti Bernardino , Graff‐Radford Neill , Goldman Jill , Gräber Susanne , Karch Celeste M. , Lee Jae‐Hong , Levin Johannes , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin , Mori Hiroshi , Noble James , Salloway Stephen , Schofield Peter , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Hassenstab Jason ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough some members of families with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutations learn their mutation status, most do not. How knowledge of mutation status affects clinical disease progression is unknown. This study quantifies the influence of mutation awareness on clinical symptoms, cognition, and biomarkers.MethodsMutation carriers and non‐carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) were stratified based on knowledge of mutation status. Rates of change on standard clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging outcomes were examined.ResultsMutation knowledge had no associations with cognitive decline, clinical progression, amyloid deposition, hippocampal volume, or depression in either carriers or non‐carriers. Carriers who learned their status mid‐study had slightly higher levels of depression and lower cognitive scores.DiscussionKnowledge of mutation status does not affect rates of change on any measured outcome. Learning of status mid‐study may confer short‐term changes in cognitive functioning, or changes in cognition may influence the determination of mutation status.
Genetic screening of a large series of North American sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia cases
Authors: Ramos Eliana Marisa , Dokuru Deepika Reddy , Van Berlo Victoria , Wojta Kevin , Wang Qing , Huang Alden Y. , Deverasetty Sandeep , Qin Yue , van Blitterswijk Marka , Jackson Jazmyne , Appleby Brian , Bordelon Yvette , Brannelly Patrick , Brushaber Danielle E. , Dickerson Bradford , Dickinson Susan , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Faber Kelley , Fields Julie , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Forsberg Leah K. , Gavrilova Ralitza , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jill , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grant Ian , Grossman Murray , Heuer Hilary W. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek R. , Huey Edward , Irwin David , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Kaufer Daniel , Kerwin Diana , Knopman David , Kornak John , Kramer Joel H. , Kremers Walter , Kukull Walter , Litvan Irene , Ljubenkov Peter , Lungu Codrin , Mackenzie Ian , Mendez Mario F. , Miller Bruce L. , Onyike Chiadi , Pantelyat Alexander , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Len , Potter Madeline , Rankin Katherine P. , Rascovsky Katya , Roberson Erik D. , Rogalski Emily , Shaw Leslie , Syrjanen Jeremy , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John Q. , Weintraub Sandra , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew , Rademakers Rosa , Boeve Brad F. , Rosen Howard J. , Boxer Adam L. ,   on behalf of the ARTFL/LEFFTDS consortium, Coppola Giovanni 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Advancing Research and Treatment for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (ARTFL) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects (LEFFTDS) consortia are two closely connected studies, involving multiple North American centers that evaluate both sporadic and familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) participants and study longitudinal changes.MethodsWe screened the major dementia‐associated genes in 302 sporadic and 390 familial (symptomatic or at‐risk) participants enrolled in these studies.ResultsAmong the sporadic patients, 16 (5.3%) carried chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT), and progranulin (GRN) pathogenic variants, whereas in the familial series we identified 207 carriers from 146 families. Of interest, one patient was found to carry a homozygous C9orf72 expansion, while another carried both a C9orf72 expansion and a GRN pathogenic variant. We also identified likely pathogenic variants in the TAR DNA binding protein (TARDBP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and valosin containing protein (VCP) genes, and a subset of variants of unknown significance in other rare FTD genes.DiscussionOur study reports the genetic characterization of a large FTD series and supports an unbiased sequencing screen, irrespective of clinical presentation or family history.
Polysomnographic assessment of suvorexant in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease dementia and insomnia: a randomized trial
Authors: Herring W. Joseph , Ceesay Paulette , Snyder Ellen , Bliwise Donald , Budd Kerry , Hutzelmann Jill , Stevens Joanne , Lines Christopher , Michelson David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the clinical profile of the orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant for treating insomnia in patients with mild‐to‐moderate probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, 4‐week trial of suvorexant 10 mg (could be increased to 20 mg based on clinical response) or placebo in patients who met clinical diagnostic criteria for both probable AD dementia and insomnia. Sleep was assessed by overnight polysomnography in a sleep laboratory. The primary endpoint was change‐from‐baseline in polysomnography‐derived total sleep time (TST) at week 4.ResultsOf 285 participants randomized (suvorexant, N = 142; placebo, N = 143), 277 (97%) completed the trial (suvorexant, N = 136; placebo, N = 141). At week 4, the model‐based least squares mean improvement‐from‐baseline in TST was 73 minutes for suvorexant and 45 minutes for placebo; (difference = 28 minutes [95% confidence interval 11‐45], p < 0.01). Somnolence was reported in 4.2% of suvorexant‐treated patients and 1.4% of placebo‐treated patients.DiscussionSuvorexant improved TST in patients with probable AD dementia and insomnia.
Comparison of sporadic and familial behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in a North American cohort
Authors: Heuer Hilary W. , Wang P. , Rascovsky K. , Wolf A. , Appleby B. , Bove J. , Bordelon Y. , Brannelly P. , Brushaber D.E. , Caso C. , Coppola G. , Dickerson B. , Dickinson S. , Domoto‐Reilly K. , Faber K. , Ferrall J. , Fields J. , Fishman A. , Fong J. , Foroud T. , Forsberg L.K. , Gearhart D. , Ghazanfari B. , Ghoshal N. , Goldman J. , Graff‐Radford J. , Graff‐Radford N. , Grant I. , Grossman M. , Haley D. , Hsiung G.‐Y. , Huey E. , Irwin D. , Jones D. , Kantarci K. , Karydas A. , Kaufer D. , Kerwin D. , Knopman D. , Kornak J. , Kramer J.H. , Kraft R. , Kremers W.K. , Kukull W. , Litvan I. , Ljubenkov P. , Mackenzie I.R. , Maldonado M. , Manoochehri M. , McGinnis S. , McKinley E. , Mendez M.F. , Miller B.L. , Onyike C. , Pantelyat A. , Pearlman R. , Petrucelli L. , Potter M. , Rademakers R. , Ramos E.M. , Rankin K.P. , Roberson E.D. , Rogalski E. , Sengdy P. , Shaw L. , Syrjanen J. , Tartaglia M.C. , Tatton N. , Taylor J. , Toga A. , Trojanowski J. , Weintraub S. , Wong B. , Wszolek Z. , Boeve B.F. , Rosen H.J. , Boxer A.L. ,   on behalf of the ARTFL and LEFFTDS consortia
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionBehavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) may present sporadically or due to an autosomal dominant mutation. Characterization of both forms will improve understanding of the generalizability of assessments and treatments.MethodsA total of 135 sporadic (s‐bvFTD; mean age 63.3 years; 34% female) and 99 familial (f‐bvFTD; mean age 59.9; 48% female) bvFTD participants were identified. f‐bvFTD cases included 43 with known or presumed chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene expansions, 28 with known or presumed microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) mutations, 14 with known progranulin (GRN) mutations, and 14 with a strong family history of FTD but no identified mutation.ResultsParticipants with f‐bvFTD were younger and had earlier age at onset. s‐bvFTD had higher total Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q) scores due to more frequent endorsement of depression and irritability.Discussionf‐bvFTD and s‐bvFTD cases are clinically similar, suggesting the generalizability of novel biomarkers, therapies, and clinical tools developed in either form to the other.
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis due to a strict low‐carbohydrate diet during treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors
Authors: Fukuyama Yuita , Numata Kenji , Yoshino Kaede , Santanda Takushi , Funakoshi Hiraku 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundEuglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is a critical clinical presentation that can occur during treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. However, little is known regarding how a low‐carbohydrate diet in combination with this treatment can increase the risk for this condition. Here, we report a case of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient treated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors after initiation of a low‐carbohydrate diet.Case PresentationA 54‐year‐old woman who was taking canagliflozin was transferred to our hospital with severe dyspnea. She had been started on a strict low‐carbohydrate diet for 6 days before admission. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe ketoacidosis and a blood glucose level of 196 mg/dL. After her symptoms improved, she was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.ConclusionAlthough low‐carbohydrate diets are recommended for patients with diabetes mellitus, physicians should exercise great caution in recommending low‐carbohydrate diets to patients undergoing treatment with sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
A Hollow Multi‐Shelled Structure for Charge Transport and Active Sites in Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Bi Ruyi , Xu Nan , Ren Hao , Yang Nailiang , Sun Yonggang , Cao Anmin , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe lithium‐ion capacitor (LIC) has attracted tremendous research interest because it meets both the requirement on high energy and power densities. The balance between effective surface areas and mass transport is highly desired to fabricate the optimized electrode material for LIC. Now, triple‐shelled (3S) Nb2O5 hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs) were synthesized for the first time through the sequential templating approach and then applied for the anode of LIC. The unique structure of HoMSs, such as large efficient surface area, hierarchical pores, and multiple shells, provides abundant reaction sites, decreases the electron transport resistance, and increases the diffusion rate for ion transport. In this case, the best combination performance has been achieved among all the reported Nb2O5‐based materials, which delivered an excellent energy and power densities simultaneously, and superb cycling stability.
Multiphotonen‐Anregung in der Photoredoxkatalyse: Konzepte, Anwendungen und Methoden
Authors: Glaser Felix , Kerzig Christoph , Wenger Oliver S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie Energie sichtbarer Photonen und die zugänglichen Redoxpotentiale üblicher Photokatalysatoren schränken die Anzahl derjenigen Photoreaktionen ein, die durch sichtbares Licht angetrieben werden können. Da UV‐Anregung schädlich ist und häufig Nebenreaktionen auslöst, ist sichtbares Licht oder sogar NIR‐Strahlung vorzuziehen. Die Photochemie befasst sich momentan mit einer zweischneidigen Herausforderung, und zwar mit dem Wunsch, immer thermodynamisch anspruchsvollere Reaktionen mit immer kleineren Photonenenergien durchführen zu können. Das Akkumulieren der Energie zweier energiearmer Photonen kann dazu passende Lösungsansätze liefern. Obwohl die Multiphotonen‐Spektroskopie gut etabliert ist, haben Photoredox‐Synthesechemiker erst kürzlich begonnen, Multiphotonen‐Prozesse präparativ zu nutzen. Hier werfen wir einen kritischen Blick auf kürzlich entwickelte Reaktionen und mechanistische Konzepte, diskutieren einschlägige experimentelle Methoden und geben einen Ausblick auf mögliche zukünftige Entwicklungen dieses jungen Forschungsgebiets.
Large Deformation of a DNA‐Origami Nanoarm Induced by the Cumulative Actuation of Tension‐Adjustable Modules
Authors: Suzuki Yuki , Kawamata Ibuki , Mizuno Kohei , Murata Satoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaking use of the programmability and structural flexibility of the DNA molecule, a DNA‐origami nanoarm capable of undergoing large deformation is constructed. This DNA‐origami nanoarm comprised serially repeated tension‐adjustable modules, the cumulative actuation of which resulted in a large deformation of the arm structure, which transformed from a linear shape into an arched shape. Combining atomic force microscopy and theoretical analyses based on the mechanics of materials, we demonstrate that the degree of deformation can be systematically controlled by merely replacing a set of strands that is required for the actuation of the module. Moreover, by employing a G‐quadruplex‐forming sequence for the actuation, we could achieve reversible ion‐induced contraction and relaxation of the nanoarm. The adjustability and scalability of this design could enable the production of DNA nanodevices that exhibit large deformation in response to external stimuli.
Fernpartizipation in Glykosylierungen von Galaktose‐Bausteinen: Direktnachweis durch kryogene Schwingungsspektroskopie
Authors: Marianski Mateusz , Mucha Eike , Greis Kim , Moon Sooyeon , Pardo Alonso , Kirschbaum Carla , Thomas Daniel A. , Meijer Gerard , von Helden Gert , Gilmore Kerry , Seeberger Peter H. , Pagel Kevin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDie stereoselektive Bildung von 1,2‐cis‐glykosidischen Bindungen ist bislang sehr anspruchsvoll. Häufig wird diese 1,2‐cis‐Selektivität durch Fernpartizipation (remote participation) von C4‐ oder C6‐Estergruppen herbeigeführt. Hierbei wird davon ausgegangen, dass ein ionisches Schlüsselintermediat, das Glykosylkation, gebildet wird. Obwohl derartige Mechanismen bereits vor Jahrzehnten postuliert wurden, konnte die exakte Struktur dieses Intermediats aufgrund seiner Kurzlebigkeit bisher nicht aufgeklärt werden. In dieser Studie nutzen wir kryogene Schwingungsspektroskopie und quantenchemische Rechnungen, um die Strukturen dieser Glykosylkationen aufzuklären. Acetylgruppen an der C4‐Position führen zur selektiven Bildung von α‐Galaktosiden, indem eine kovalente Bindung zum anomeren Kohlenstoff gebildet wird. Überraschenderweise können auch Benzylgruppen die stereoselektive Bildung von 1,2‐cis‐glykosidischen Bindungen durch Fernpartizipation herbeiführen.
In Situ Reconstruction of a Hierarchical Sn‐Cu/SnOxCore/Shell Catalyst for High‐Performance CO2Electroreduction
Authors: Ye Ke , Zhou Zhiwen , Shao Jiaqi , Lin Long , Gao Dunfeng , Ta Na , Si Rui , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) to give C1(formate and CO) products is one of the most techno‐economically achievable strategies for alleviating CO2emissions. Now, it is demonstrated that the SnOxshell in Sn2.7Cu catalyst with a hierarchical Sn‐Cu core can be reconstructed in situ under cathodic potentials of CO2RR. The resulting Sn2.7Cu catalyst achieves a high current density of 406.7±14.4 mA cm−2with C1Faradaic efficiency of 98.0±0.9 % at −0.70 V vs. RHE, and remains stable at 243.1±19.2 mA cm−2with a C1Faradaic efficiency of 99.0±0.5 % for 40 h at −0.55 V vs. RHE. DFT calculations indicate that the reconstructed Sn/SnOxinterface facilitates formic acid production by optimizing binding of the reaction intermediate HCOO* while promotes Faradaic efficiency of C1products by suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, resulting in high Faradaic efficiency, current density, and stability of CO2RR at low overpotentials.