bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of NADPH oxidase and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by vanillin in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Younis Nahla N , Elsherbiny Nehal M , Shaheen Mohamed A , Elseweidy Mohamed M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the protective effect of vanillin in cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and elucidate the role of nrf-2 and its downstream antioxidant molecules.

Methods
Rats received vanillin (100 mg/kg orally) for 10 constitutive days and CP (7.5 mg/kg, once, ip) on day 6 of vanillin administration.

Key findings
Cisplatin suppressed body weight gain, increased serum urea and creatinine and renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide while decreased renal total antioxidant capacity. Up-regulation of NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX-4) was marked in renal tissue of CP-treated rats along with down-regulation of the antioxidant genes (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor2 (NRF2) and haem oxygenase-1(HO-1)). Increased tumour necrosis factor-α and decreased interleukin-10 with increased myeloperoxidase activity were apparent in renal tissue of CP-treated rats along with marked tubular injury, neutrophil infiltration and increased apoptosis (caspase-3) and some degree of interstitial fibrosis. Vanillin prophylactic administration prevented the deterioration of kidney function, oxidative and nitrosative stress. It also suppressed NOX-4 and up-regulated NRF2 and HO-1 expression in renal tissue. Inflammation, apoptosis and tubular injury were also inhibited by vanillin.

Conclusions
The antioxidant mechanism by which vanillin protected against CP-induced nephrotoxicity involved the inhibition of NOX-4 along with the stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. These in turn inhibited inflammation and apoptosis.
The rice (Oryza sativa) Rc gene improves resistance to preharvest sprouting and retains seed and milled rice quality
Authors: Wu Min , Xu Shan , Fei Yuexin , Cao Yujie , Wu Hongkai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPreharvest sprouting (PHS) remains a severe agricultural problem in rice and other crops. This study investigated the exact effect of Rc gene on PHS resistance along with seed and milled rice quality using two sets of near‐isogenic line‐derived populations, and showed the advantages of the Rc gene over other dormancy‐associated genes in protecting against PHS. Rc gene has a significant effect on PHS resistance, and Rc‐controlled dormancy does not negatively affect next agricultural production cycle. Importantly, Rc has a completely dominant maternal effect on PHS resistance, which confers an advantage to hybrid rice over inbred rice, and the effect fails to be counteracted by GA application in hybrid seed production. Moreover, Rc gene retains the same milled rice qualities of brown‐pericarp rice as that of white‐pericarp rice, and the brown‐pericarp rice possesses a higher antioxidative capacity than the white‐pericarp rice. Thus, wide application of the Rc gene would not only protect against PHS, but would also enhance the production of naturally occurring antioxidants that could make a significant contribution to human health.
Humeanism about laws of nature
Authors: Bhogal Harjit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHumeanism about laws of nature is, roughly, the view that the laws of nature are just patterns, or ways of describing patterns, in the mosaic of events. In this paper, I survey some of the (many!) objections that have been raised to Humeanism, considering how the Humean might respond. And I consider how we might make a positive case for Humeanism. The common thread running through all this is that the viability of the Humean view relies on the Humean having an importantly different conception of explanation to the anti‐Humean.
Lifestyle and Early Achievement in Families (LEAF) study: Design of an ambidirectional cohort study of prenatal marijuana exposure and child development and behaviour
Authors: Klebanoff Mark A. , Fried Peter , Yeates Keith O. , Rausch Joseph , Wilkins Diana G. , Blei Holly , Sullivan Jacqueline A. , Phillips Whitney , Wiese Anna , Jude Abigail , Boone Kelly M. , Murnan Aaron , Keim Sarah A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMarijuana is the most‐used illicit substance during pregnancy in the USA, but only two cohort studies, begun over 30 years ago, were specifically established to assess the association of pregnancy use with childhood outcomes. They found use to be associated with specific deficits in executive function at 8+ years, but did not focus on these outcomes earlier in life when intervention may be more successful. Two general purpose cohorts found increased aggression in exposed female toddlers and increased behavioural problems and tic disorders in exposed school‐age children.ObjectivesThe Lifestyle and Early Achievement in Families (LEAF) study assesses the association of in utero marijuana exposure, documented prospectively by biomarker, self‐report, and medical records, with executive function and aggression at age 3½‐7 years.MethodsThis ambidirectional cohort (historical cohort with continued follow‐up) includes women enrolled in the Perinatal Research Repository during prenatal care at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and their children, recontacted 3½‐7 years post‐birth. Children complete 1‐2 study visits including cognitive testing, behavioural observation, and maternal and teacher report of behaviour. Family and social environmental factors are assessed.ResultsChild follow‐up began in September 2016; visits continue through August 2020. There are 362 eligible children; 32% had mothers who used marijuana during pregnancy, 10% of mothers completed college, and 23% did not complete high school. Mean maternal age at study registration in pregnancy was 26.4 years, and 63% of mothers were African American. To date, 268 children have completed at least 1 study visit.ConclusionsThe LEAF Study will document the association of prenatal marijuana exposure with development and behaviour in the current era when marijuana is more potent than when previous cohorts were studied. The results may inform policy and interventions to counsel reproductive‐aged women about the risks of use during pregnancy and guide prevention and treatment of adverse effects among children.
Discrepancies in the bilateral intradermal test and serum tests in atopic horses
Authors: van Damme Catharina M. M. , van den Broek Jan , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan Marianne M. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIn equine atopic patients intradermal testing (IDT) and immunoglobulin (Ig)E serology are used frequently. There is little evidence regarding the reproducibility of the IDT and IgE serology in horses.ObjectivesTo compare the results of a simultaneously performed IDT on the left and right side of the neck in atopic horses, and to compare these results with allergen‐specific IgE serology.AnimalsTen equine patients from a university hospital population with chronic urticaria and/or pruritus.Methods and materialsThe IDT was performed using 16 allergens and the results were evaluated after 30 min, 1, 4 and 24 h. Thirteen allergens also were analysed in duplicate with two monoclonal allergen‐specific IgE enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).ResultsGood agreement (Kappa > 0.6) between left and right IDT was found only for Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, birch pollen mixture and perennial rye at 30 min, birch pollen mixture at 1 h, and Acarus siro and nettle and common mugwort mixture at 4 h. The bilateral comparison of the other allergens and even the same allergens at other time points showed little or no concordance between left and right IDT. The interlaboratory comparison between both ELISAs, and the comparison between the ELISAs and IDT, showed a good agreement for two of 13 allergens: D. farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Conclusions and clinical importanceBased on these preliminary data, IDT and IgE serological test results should be interpreted with great care and further studies are needed to indicate the clinical relevance of these findings.
THE THEOLOGICAL DEBATE OVER HUMAN ENHANCEMENT: AN EMPIRICAL CASE STUDY OF A MEDIATING ORGANIZATION
Authors: Evans John H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor most theologians, theology should ultimately be used by the laity and/or the public. However, the religion and science debate has not focused on the divide between theologians and the laity. In this case study I examine the debate among theologians about human enhancement. I focus on the extent to which the structure of the debate in a “mediating organization” between the theologians and the public coincides with the structure of the debate among the theologians. I conduct a survey of participants in the organization, and find that the basic divides among the theologians are largely replicated. These results, when combined with studies of the theologians themselves and the laity, provide a more holistic understanding of the future debate about human enhancement.
Magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its correlation with academic performance among female medical and health science students at University of Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Minichil Woredaw , Eskindir Eleni , Demilew Demeke , Mirkena Yohannes 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and associated factors among female students of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019.DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design.SettingCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.Participants386 participants were recruited for self-administered interview using the stratified followed by simple random sampling technique.MeasurementData were collected by self-administered interview. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) was used to measure PMDD. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Oslo-3 social support are used to assess the factors. The data were checked, cleaned and entered into EpiData V.3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) V.21.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used. OR with 95% CI was employed to see the strength of associations between dependent and independent variables. Variables with a p value <0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were declared as significantly associated.Result386 participants were involved in the study, with a response rate of 84.6%. The overall magnitude of PMDD in this study was 34.7% (30.3 to 39.1). Severe menstrual pain (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.82, 95% CI: 1.83 to 4.23), perception of an impact on academic performance due to menstrual pain (AOR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.23 to 4.32), and high perceived stress (AOR=3.52, 95% CI: 2.58 to 5.60) were significantly associated with PMDD disorder among female medical and health sciences students.ConclusionPMDD is high among female medical and health sciences students. Thus, it needs early screening and intervention especially for those who have severe menstrual pain, perceived to have an impact on academic performance and high perceived stress.
Implementation of integrated operating rooms: how much time is saved and how do medical staff experience the upgrading? A mixed methods study in Denmark
Authors: Carstensen Kathrine , Jensen Emma Kejser , Madsen Mads Lænsø , Thomsen Anne Marie Ladehoff , Løvschall Claus , Tayyari Dehbarez Nasrin , Risør Bettina Wulff 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate staff experiences of the implementation and use of integrated operating rooms (IORs) in comparison to conventional operating rooms (CORs) in Denmark.DesignThis study used a mixed methods approach by combining quantitative (registry-based analysis of surgical time) and qualitative (interviews with experienced surgical staff) perspectives.SettingHospitals in Denmark.MethodsThe quantitative component compared the time consumption of patients between the integrated and CORs in two hospital departments at Aarhus University Hospital. Data were extracted from the administrative system in the hospital. Independent t-tests were used to estimate the statistical differences in the mean time spent on patients between the two operating rooms (ORs), and linear regression was applied to adjust for the potential influence of the surgeon. The explorative qualitative research component involved interviews with 20 informants from 10 hospital departments across seven Danish hospitals, all of whom participated between February and April 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe quantitative analyses showed that preparation time for lobectomy was significantly lower and completion time for cholecystectomy significantly higher in the integrated compared with CORs. No other statistically significant differences were found. The qualitative analysis showed that some nurses experienced better cooperation with the surgeon and that non-sterile nurses experienced an improved working environment in the integrated compared with CORs. Surgical staff experienced that the IORs led to improved workflow during surgery.ConclusionsThis study identified no disadvantages regarding the use of IORs compared with CORs. The quantitative component of the research did not identify convincing statistically significant differences in the time consumption per patient between the ORs and according to the qualitative analyses IORs were not experienced by study participants to lead to major improvements among staff.
How patient-specific do internal carotid artery inflow rates need to be for computational fluid dynamics of cerebral aneurysms?
Authors: Najafi Mehdi , Cancelliere Nicole M , Brina Olivier , Bouillot Pierre , Vargas Maria I , Delattre Benedicte MA , Pereira Vitor M , Steinman David A 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a popular tool for studying ‘patient-specific’ blood flow dynamics in cerebral aneurysms; however, rarely are the inflow boundary conditions patient-specific. We aimed to test the impact of widespread reliance on generalized inflow rates.MethodsInternal carotid artery (ICA) flow rates were measured via 2D cine phase-contrast MRI for 24 patients scheduled for endovascular therapy of an ICA aneurysm. CFD models were constructed from 3D rotational angiography, and pulsatile inflow rates imposed as measured by MRI or estimated using an average older-adult ICA flow waveform shape scaled by a cycle-average flow rate (Qavg) derived from the patient’s ICA cross-sectional area via an assumed inlet velocity.ResultsThere was good overall qualitative agreement in the magnitudes and spatial distributions of time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and spectral power index (SPI) using generalized versus patient-specific inflows. Sac-averaged quantities showed moderate to good correlations: R2=0.54 (TAWSS), 0.80 (OSI), and 0.68 (SPI). Using patient-specific Qavgto scale the generalized waveform shape resulted in near-perfect agreement for TAWSS, and reduced bias, but not scatter, for SPI. Patient-specific waveform had an impact only on OSI correlations, which improved to R2=0.93.ConclusionsAneurysm CFD demonstrates the ability to stratify cases by nominal hemodynamic ‘risk’ factors when employing an age- and vascular-territory-specific recipe for generalized inflow rates. Qavghas a greater influence than waveform shape, suggesting some improvement could be achieved by including measurement of patient-specific Qavginto aneurysm imaging protocols.
Kinds are calling conventions
Authors: Downen Paul , Ariola Zena M. , Peyton Jones Simon , Eisenberg Richard A. 
Published: August 2020

A language supporting polymorphism is a boon to programmers: they can express complex ideas once and reuse functions in a variety of situations. However, polymorphism is pain for compilers tasked with producing efficient code that manipulates concrete values.
This paper presents a new intermediate language that allows for efficient static compilation, while still supporting flexible polymorphism. Specifically, it permits polymorphism over not only the types of values, but also the representation of values, the arity of primitive machine functions, and the evaluation order of arguments---all three of which are useful in practice. The key insight is to encode information about a value's calling convention in the kind of its type, rather than in the type itself.
Liquid information flow control
Authors: Polikarpova Nadia , Stefan Deian , Yang Jean , Itzhaky Shachar , Hance Travis , Solar-Lezama Armando 
Published: August 2020

We present Lifty, a domain-specific language for data-centric applications that manipulate sensitive data. A Lifty programmer annotates the sources of sensitive data with declarative security policies, and the language statically and automatically verifies that the application handles the data according to the policies. Moreover, if verification fails, Lifty suggests a provably correct repair, thereby easing the programmer burden of implementing policy enforcing code throughout the application.The main insight behind Lifty is to encode information flow control using liquid types, an expressive yet decidable type system. Liquid types enable fully automatic checking of complex, data dependent policies, and power our repair mechanism via type-driven error localization and patch synthesis. Our experience using Lifty to implement three case studies from the literature shows that (1) the Lifty policy language is sufficiently expressive to specify many real-world policies, (2) the Lifty type checker is able to verify secure programs and find leaks in insecure programs quickly, and (3) even if the programmer leaves out all policy enforcing code, the Lifty repair engine is able to patch all leaks automatically within a reasonable time.
Parsing with zippers (functional pearl)
Authors: Darragh Pierce , Adams Michael D. 
Published: August 2020

Parsing with Derivatives (PwD) is an elegant approach to parsing context-free grammars (CFGs). It takes the equational theory behind Brzozowski's derivative for regular expressions and augments that theory with laziness, memoization, and fixed points. The result is a simple parser for arbitrary CFGs. Although recent work improved the performance of PwD, it remains inefficient due to the algorithm repeatedly traversing some parts of the grammar.
In this functional pearl, we show how to avoid this inefficiency by suspending the state of the traversal in a zipper. When subsequent derivatives are taken, we can resume the traversal from where we left off without retraversing already traversed parts of the grammar.
However, the original zipper is designed for use with trees, and we want to parse CFGs. CFGs can include shared regions, cycles, and choices between alternates, which makes them incompatible with the traditional tree model for zippers. This paper develops a generalization of zippers to properly handle these additional features. Just as PwD generalized Brzozowski's derivatives from regular expressions to CFGs, we generalize Huet's zippers from trees to CFGs.
Abstract The resulting parsing algorithm is concise and efficient: it takes only 31 lines of OCaml code to implement the derivative function but performs 6,500 times faster than the original PwD and 3.24 times faster than the optimized implementation of PwD.
Verification of a Blood-Based Targeted Proteomics Signature for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Cerciello Ferdinando , Choi Meena , Sinicropi-Yao Sara L. , Lomeo Katie , Amann Joseph M. , Felley-Bosco Emanuela , Stahel Rolf A. , Robinson Bruce W.S. , Creaney Jenette , Pass Harvey I. , Vitek Olga , Carbone David P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground:We have verified a mass spectrometry (MS)–based targeted proteomics signature for the detection of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) from the blood.Methods:A seven-peptide biomarker MPM signature by targeted proteomics in serum was identified in a previous independent study. Here, we have verified the predictive accuracy of a reduced version of that signature, now composed of six-peptide biomarkers. We have applied liquid chromatography–selected reaction monitoring (LC-SRM), also known as multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM), for the investigation of 402 serum samples from 213 patients with MPM and 189 cancer-free asbestos-exposed donors from the United States, Australia, and Europe.Results:Each of the biomarkers composing the signature was independently informative, with no apparent functional or physical relation to each other. The multiplexing possibility offered by MS proteomics allowed their integration into a single signature with a higher discriminating capacity than that of the single biomarkers alone. The strategy allowed in this way to increase their potential utility for clinical decisions. The signature discriminated patients with MPM and asbestos-exposed donors with AUC of 0.738. For early-stage MPM, AUC was 0.765. This signature was also prognostic, and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference between high- and low-risk groups with an HR of 1.659 (95% CI, 1.075–2.562; P = 0.021).Conclusions:Targeted proteomics allowed the development of a multianalyte signature with diagnostic and prognostic potential for MPM from the blood.Impact:The proteomic signature represents an additional diagnostic approach for informing clinical decisions for patients at risk for MPM.
Dual Targeting with CAR T Cells to Limit Antigen Escape in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Simon Sylvain , Riddell Stanley R. 
Published: August 2020

Summary:

Adoptive T-cell therapy targeting a single tumor antigen can induce remissions of hematologic cancers but relapses often occur due to the outgrowth of tumor cells with absent or low expression of the antigen. Strategies to simultaneousy target multiple antigens are needed to fully capitalize on the promise of this therapeutic strategy. In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Fernández de Larrea and colleagues demonstrate in preclinical models of multiple myeloma that targeting BCMA and GPRC5D simultaneously with T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors specific for these antigens may prevent tumor cell escape.
See related article by Fernández de Larrea et al., p. 146.
Estação da Memória de Joinville
Authors: Mira Vinícius José , Sossai Fernando Cesar 
Published: August 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de patrimonialização da antiga Estação Ferroviária de Joinville, Santa Catarina, sede da atual Estação da Memória de Joinville (1996–2010). Nesse contexto, refletimos sobre como os processos de patrimonialização da estação (municipal, estadual e federal)historicamente corporificaram ações governamentais voltadas à fabricação de um patrimônio cultural considerado estratégico para o estado de Santa Catarina. Em termos teórico-metodológicos, nossas reflexões amparam-se na análise documental dos processos de tombamento da referida estação, bem como nos trabalhos de Laurajane Smith (2006), Nathalie Heinich (2018) e Carlos Fortuna (2012).