bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to Health Services in Older Minority Ethnic Groups with Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Co Melissa , Couch Elyse , Gao Qian , Mac‐Ginty Scarlett , Das‐Munshi Jayati , Prina Matthew 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESWhile it is acknowledged that minority ethnic (ME) groups across international settings face barriers to accessing care for dementia, it is not clear whether ME groups access services less frequently as a result. The objective of this review is to examine whether ME groups have longer delays before accessing dementia/memory services, higher use of acute care and crisis services and lower use of routine care services based on existing literature. We also examined whether ME groups had higher dementia severity or lower cognition when presenting to memory services.DESIGNSystematic review with narrative synthesis.SETTINGNonresidential medical, psychiatric, memory, and emergency services.PARTICIPANTSTwenty studies totaling 94,431 older adults with dementia or mild cognitive impairment.MEASUREMENTSWe searched Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, Global Health, and PsycINFO from inception to November 2018 for peer‐reviewed observational studies which quantified ethnic minority differences in nonresidential health service use in people with dementia. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze findings.RESULTSTwenty studies were included, mostly from the U.S. (n = 13), as well as the UK (n = 4), Australia (n = 1), Belgium (n = 1), and the Netherlands (n = 1). There was little evidence that ME groups in any country accessed routine care at different rates than comparison groups, although studies may have been underpowered. There was strong evidence that African American/Black groups had higher use of hospital inpatient services versus U.S. comparison groups. Primary care and emergency services were less well studied. Study quality was mixed, and there was a large amount of variability in the way ethnicity and service use outcomes were ascertained and defined.CONCLUSIONThere is evidence that some ME groups, such as Black/African American groups in the U.S., may use more acute care services than comparison populations, but less evidence for differences in routine care use. Research is sparse, especially outside the U.S.
Short forms of Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test in adults and aging people with intellectual disabilities: Italian validation study
Authors: De Vreese L. P. , Gomiero T. , De Bastiani E. , Marangoni A. , Weger E. , Mantesso U. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to validate the Italian version of the two parallel short forms of the Prudhoe Cognitive Function Test (s‐PCFT‐I) in adults and seniors with intellectual disabilities (ID) of any aetiology and level of severity.MethodsOur validation is a multicentre study attended by 211 subjects with ID, 125 male and 86 female, aged 40 years and above for people with Down syndrome and aged 50 years for people with other forms of disabilities.ResultsThe s‐PCFT‐I shows a wide range of scores in the absence of floor effects with minimal ceiling effects. A Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.85 and a mean inter‐item correlation of 0.21 indicate high internal consistency. The tool demonstrates good agreement between testers and near excellent temporal stability with intraclass correlation coefficients respectively of 0.85 and 0.90. s‐PCFT‐I total scores do not differ by sex or age, while statistically significant differences are observed between people with different levels of severity of ID. Moderate to good and highly significant correlations (−0.40 to −0.66) among the s‐PCFT‐I total scores and subscores and the Sum of Cognitive Score of the informant‐based Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities suggest an acceptable level of concurrent criterion validity. Cognitive decliners according to Prasher's Dementia Questionnaire for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities cut‐off scores perform significantly lower on s‐PCFT‐I than non‐decliners.ConclusionsThe s‐PCFT‐I has good psychometric properties and user friendliness and may therefore be a valuable addition to the current informant‐rated tools for screening and assessment of cognition in aging people with ID.
Home: A Vehicle for Resistance? Exploring Emancipatory Entanglements of ‘Vehicle Dwelling’ in a Changing Policy Context
Authors: CRAFT RHIANNON 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article begins with a reflection on Phil Thomas’ work, as well as on the way in which the Journal of Law and Society has pioneered scholarship in this field. Drawing on my own experiences as a researcher and campaigner, and my ‘insider’ status as a van dweller, I articulate why many have sought alternative modes of living, reflecting on ideas about freedom and anarchism, the importance of ‘home’, cultural preference, and escaping the housing crisis. I note that Wales and other European states, such as Portugal, provide a much warmer welcome and space for diverse Travellers; some are already planning their escape routes before the consequences of Brexit and new trespass legislation unfold. In an already hostile and rapidly changing context, it appears that the ontological security of vehicle dwellers is increasingly under threat. As well as giving a voice to these communities, the article also represents a much‐needed call to action.
Legislating for a Pandemic: Exposing the Stateless State
Authors: KIRTON‐DARLING EDWARD , CARR HELEN , VARNAVA TRACEY 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInitially the subject of widespread consensus, legislative and policy responses to COVID‐19 are increasingly provoking predictable reactions. Right and left are united by concern that essential freedoms are being eroded by a state utilizing the opportunity of the pandemic to make a power grab. Focused on the Coronavirus Act 2020, this article takes a more cautious approach, suggesting that the law should be understood not as the product of a hierarchical state but as a demonstration of the ‘statelessness’ of the contemporary state. It examines the Act with particular focus on open justice, adult social care, and Business Improvement Districts. Reading this unique piece of legislation through the lens of the stateless state reveals the complexities, ambiguities, and contestations within contemporary policy making. Dismissing the Act as unnecessarily authoritarian is an insufficiently nuanced response; furthermore, this exploration of the law allows us to develop and complicate scholarship on the stateless state.
Buriti pulp oil did not improve high‐fat diet‐induced metabolic disorders in c57bl/6 mice
Authors: Aydos Leonardo Recena , do Amaral Luane Aparecida , Jacobowski Ana Cristina , de Souza Roberta Serafim , Parisotto Eduardo Benedetti , de Menezes Mariana Biava , Junior Felipe Francisco Bittencourt , Fernandes Emely Schuindt , Silva Iandara Schettert , Portugal Luciane Candeloro , Oliveira Cláudio Gonçalves , Masuko Gustavo Tsuyoshi Senra , Cavalheiro Leandro Fontoura , Nazário Carlos Eduardo Domingues , dos Santos Elisvânia Freitas , Macedo Maria Lígia Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity are growing in many parts of the world, becoming public health problems. It is proposed that foods with functional properties can assist in the treatment of these diseases. Crude buriti pulp oil (BPO) is a food traditionally consumed by residents in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Brazilian Amazon. It is rich in oleic acid, tocopherols and carotenoids, emerging as a potential functional food. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of BPO on metabolic disorders caused by a high‐fat diet. Four groups of C57BL6 mice were used, a lean group with AIN‐93M diet and control oil supplementation, an obese group with a high‐fat diet and control oil supplementation, and two obese groups with a high‐fat diet and BPO supplementation in the amounts of 50 and 100 mg/kg. BPO worsened the metabolic state caused by the high‐fat diet, worsening risk factors associated with MetS, as the abdominal circumference and retroperitoneal fat, serum levels of total cholesterol, uric acid, alanine transaminase, glucose and triglycerides, and renal fat, in addition to changes in glycaemic control and oxidative stress markers. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high‐fat diet and supplemented with BPO presented a worsening in metabolic risk factors associated with MetS.
Processes of Social Influence on Sampling Behavior: The Effect of Other's Positive Attitude and Receiver's Prior Experience
Authors: Tsuchiya Koji , Kashima Yoshihisa , Yoshida Toshikazu , Harada Chika , Igarashi Tasuku 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudies about attitude formation have pointed out the importance of sampling behavior. When thinking about actual social interaction scenes, it may be better to consider them as attitude‐updating processes between those who have already formed attitudes based on some experience. Sixty‐five participants took part in the experiment, in which the other's positive attitude and the participant's own prior experience were manipulated. After participants had been presented five types of puzzles (experience: direct vs. indirect), which had been made to improve analytic ability, their attitudes towards the puzzles were measured (“pre attitude”). They were shown the other's positive attitude (inconsistent vs. consistent), and they were given 10 min of free time before “testing on their analytic ability.” The amount of time spent on each puzzle was recorded to index sampling behavior and the attitudes towards the puzzles were measured after the free time (“post attitude”). The results of analyses showed that the other's positive attitude increased sampling behavior when the participant's attitude was positive (first‐ranked) and negative (fifth‐ranked), and that prior experience and sampling contributed to attitude change for the first‐ranked puzzle. Those who had had direct experience and those who had spent more time sampling this puzzle tended to maintain their previous positive attitude. The potential boundary conditions of social influence on sampling behavior are discussed.
The anatomy of fresh complex craters on the mid‐sized icy moons of Saturn and self‐secondary cratering at the rayed crater Inktomi (Rhea)
Authors: Schenk Paul , Kirchoff Michelle , Hoogenboom Trudi , Rivera‐Valentín Edgard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCassini mapping of Saturn’s mid‐sized icy moons of well‐preserved complex craters in the 45–95 km size range provides insight into cratering processes at lower surface gravity and on icy targets. These craters are characterized by steep rim scarps, rugged hummocky floor deposits of curvilinear ridges and scarps, and rugged conical central peaks. Ponded impact melt or related deposits are not observed on any floor or ejecta units of any of these complex craters, indicating that melt production may be much lower than predicted. Mantling ejecta units drape over pre‐existing topography, grading into concentric zones of secondary craters at ~1 crater diameter from the rim, demonstrating that secondaries occur on mid‐sized icy planetary bodies. The largest and youngest bright‐ray system is the 49 km central peak crater Inktomi, target of a mapping campaign down to 34 m pixel scales. In addition to classical secondary craters up to 3 km, several hundred small craters <1 km in size form an unusual densely spaced cluster across the eastern floor and ejecta deposit. The terrain‐indiscriminate distribution of these eastern floor craters indicates they are not explosive volatile release pits, such as mapped on Vesta or Mars, but self‐secondary craters formed by the fallback of ejected blocks back into the crater itself during crater formation. Self‐secondaries likely formed by an irregular and stochastic but poorly understood impact process, such as spallation influenced by irregular surface topography. Self‐secondary craters of this type could influence the interpretation of crater counts on large fresh impact craters and basins elsewhere.
Sighting patterns reveal unobserved pupping events to revise reproductive rate estimates for Hawaiian monk seals in the main Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Robinson Stacie J. , Harting Albert L. , Mercer Tracy , Johanos Thea C. , Baker Jason D. , Littnan Charles L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe used sighting reports, including decades of citizen‐reported Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) sightings, to describe female breeding biology and reproductive success in the main Hawaiian Islands. We first used this data set to describe the timing of events in the female reproductive cycle. We then conducted an expert review of patterns in sighting histories to detect unobserved pupping events. Finally, we estimated the age‐specific reproductive curve for female monk seals in the main Hawaiian Islands. Charting reproductive cycles showed indications of the robust condition of female monk seals in the main Hawaiian Islands; they nursed pups 12% longer than their counterparts in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and regained condition to molt more quickly after weaning a pup. By examining sighting histories, we were able to infer 25 unobserved pupping events that had previously gone uncounted. We accounted for additional uncertainty with a randomization procedure. After accounting for unobserved pupping events, the age‐specific reproductive rate of main Hawaiian Islands monk seals exceeded 0.70 for prime aged females (8–18 years). This is the highest reproductive rate reported for any of the Hawaiian monk seal breeding sites, illustrating the important role of the main Hawaiian Islands population in Hawaiian monk seal recovery.
Obesity and COVID‐19 in Latin America: A tragedy of two pandemics—Official document of the Latin American Federation of Obesity Societies
Authors: Halpern Bruno , Louzada Maria Laura da Costa , Aschner Pablo , Gerchman Fernando , Brajkovich Imperia , Faria‐Neto José Rocha , Polanco Felix Escaño , Montero Julio , Juliá Silvia María Marín , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Franco Oscar H. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn May 2020, Latin America became the epicenter of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a region already afflicted by social disparities, poor healthcare access, inadequate nutrition and a large prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Obesity and its comorbidities are increasingly prevalent in Latin America, with a more rapid growth in individuals with lower income, and currently a disease associated with COVID‐19 severity, complications and death. In this document, the Latin American Association of Obesity Societies and collaborators present a review of the burden of two pandemics in Latin America, discuss possible mechanisms that explain their relationship with each other and provide public health and individual recommendations, as well as questions for future studies.
Relationships, health, and stress: Validation of a relationship sense of coherence measure
Authors: Davis Bret A. , Shrout M. Rosie , Evans William P. , Weigel Daniel J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough all romantic relationships experience stress, some thrive when faced with adversity while others are unable to manage the inevitable relationship ups and downs. Rather than seeing stress as a risk factor, this study applied a Salutogenic framework, which posits that stress is a naturally occurring and potentially beneficial part of relationships, to develop a new measure of relationship health and well‐being. In Study 1, we created and tested a self‐report Relationship Sense of Coherence (RSOC) scale. Study 2 demonstrated evidence of convergent reliability for the RSOC. In Study 3, we tested the RSOC in a two‐wave sample of romantically‐involved individuals with a chronic health condition. Guidelines for use and implications for future research are discussed.
Integrated effects of thermal acclimation and challenge temperature on cellular immunity in the plusiine moth larvaeChrysodeixis eriosoma(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Takano Yumi , Sakamoto Takuma , Tabunoki Hiroko , Yoshimura Jin , Iwabuchi Kikuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTemperature is one of the most influential factors for animals. The acclimation (rearing) and challenge temperatures are often more important than the given temperature per se. These effects on physiological responses have been known, but not well understood on immune responses. Here, we investigated the integrated effects of rearing and challenge temperatures on haemocyte populations in larvae of a plusiine moth,Chrysodeixis eriosoma. We hypothesize that the haemocyte concentration is decreased (increased) at higher (lower) temperatures from rearing temperatures and that the proportions of haemocyte types exhibit directional changes at higher (lower) temperatures to compensate for immune reactions. We expect that increasing (decreasing) the challenge temperature from the rearing temperature enhances (reduces) phagocytic activity. We found that higher temperatures slightly decreased the haemocyte concentration. We detected small changes in the proportions of haemocyte types among rearing temperatures, but the changes were non‐directional and most of them were statistically insignificant. We also found the integrated effects only with increases in the challenge temperatures, which resulted in increased phagocytosis, whereas no apparent reactions were detected with decreases in the challenge temperatures. Our results show that the haemocyte concentration is significantly affected by the rearing temperature, which implies that haematopoiesis depends on the ambient temperature. We discuss some adaptive and non‐adaptive components for the positive integrated effects of increases in the challenge temperatures. We also discussed the obtained non‐responsiveness in the integrated effects with decreases in the challenge temperatures.
Volunteer nurses' learning experiences in Ludian County, Yunnan, China: Implication for public health nursing education in a disaster
Authors: Li Sijan , Chen Shaohua , Chan Sunshine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the learning impacts made by graduate nurse volunteers who worked in a field hospital 1 month following the 2014 Ludian earthquake in Yunnan, China.MethodsA qualitative descriptive approach was adopted. The volunteers were 23 final year part‐time students enrolled in the Master of Science in Disaster Nursing program offered by the School of Nursing. Data were collected by focus group interviews and analyzed by qualitative content analysis.FindingsReflecting from their experience, three themes emerged. The first theme was “when the going gets tough, the tough gets going,” suggesting that every suffering should be regarded as a gift that would nourish human lives rather than being denied. The second theme was “we recognize our ignorance only through learning,” helped moving the volunteers’ learning to a higher level. The third theme was "change is the reality, collaboration is the strategy," highlighting the need to be pragmatic and work harmoniously as a team.ConclusionsLife‐changing impacts were gained by these graduate nursing student volunteers who were placed in a field hospital following an earthquake. Experiential learning opportunities can be given to public health nursing students whenever possible to maximize their students’ learning and help them to be adequately prepared and be ready to respond to global disaster challenges.
Microbiomics: Were we all wrong before?
Authors: Kumar Purnima S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPeriodontal microbiology has historically been based on an “us against them” paradigm, one that focuses mainly on identifying microbes and viruses that cause disease. However, such a bottom‐up approach limits our appreciation of the incredible diversity of this ecosystem and the essential ways in which microbial interactions contribute to health and homeostasis of the subgingival niche. Microbiomics—the science of collectively characterizing and quantifying molecules responsible for the structure, function, and dynamics of a microbial community—has enabled us to study these communities in their natural habitat, thereby revolutionizing our knowledge of host‐associated microbes and reconceptualizing our definition of “human.” When this systems‐biology approach is combined with ecologic principles, it explicates the complex relationship that exist between microbiota and between them and us, the human. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, a group of 12 female scientists take the lead in investigating how metagenomics, genomics, metatranscriptomics, proteomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics have achieved the following: (a) widened our view of the periodontal microbiome; (b) expanded our understanding of the evolution of the human oral microbiome; (c) shone a light on not just bacteria, but also other prokaryotic and eukaryotic members of the community; (d) elucidated the effects of anthropogenic behavior and systemic diseases on shaping these communities; and (e) influenced traditional patterns of periodontal therapeutics.
Different dimensions of social support differentially predict psychological well‐being in late life: opposite effects of perceived emotional support and marital status on symptoms of anxiety and of depression in older outpatients in Italy
Authors: Nicolini Paola , Abbate Carlo , Inglese Silvia , Rossi Paolo D. , Mari Daniela , Cesari Matteo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial support is important to psychological well‐being in late life. However, findings in the literature regarding its effects are mixed, less information is available for anxiety than for depressive symptoms, and few studies have been carried out in Italy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of social support on symptoms of anxiety and of depression in a sample of geriatric outpatients in Italy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consecutively enrolled 299 outpatients without dementia (age ≥ 65, all neuropsychologically tested). Social support was assessed with the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument and by interview. Symptoms of anxiety and of depression were evaluated with short versions of the State‐Trait Personality Inventory Trait Anxiety and Geriatric Depression scales. The relationship between social support and psychological well‐being was examined by multiple linear regression models with socio‐demographic and clinical variables, including cognitive performance, as potential confounders.ResultsPerceived emotional support was a negative predictor of symptoms of anxiety (standardised beta coefficient (β) ‐0.288, standard error (SE) 0.074, P < 0.001) and symptoms of depression (β −0.196, SE 0.040, P < 0.001). On the contrary, marital status (i.e. being married) was a positive predictor of symptoms of anxiety (β 0.199, SE 0.728, P = 0.003) and symptoms of depression (β 0.142, SE 0.384, P = 0.035).ConclusionsDifferent dimensions of social support differentially affect psychological well‐being. The protective effect of perceived emotional support is consistent with social cognitive models of health. The harmful effect of being married may be capturing the distress of the pre‐bereavement period. Alternatively, it may reflect oppression by gender roles within marriage in a predominantly female sample in a traditional society. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between social support and psychological well‐being, and identify potential targets for psychosocial interventions promoting mental health in late life.