bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARP inhibitor Olaparib increases the sensitization to radiotherapy in FaDu cells
Authors: Liu Chuan , Gross Neil , Li Yanshi , Li Guojun , Wang Zhihai , Zhong Shixun , Li Yuncheng , Hu Guohua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRadioresistance causes a major problem for improvement of outcomes of patients treated with radiation. Targeting for DNA repair deficient mechanisms is a hallmark of sensitization to resistance. We tested whether Olaparib, a (poly) ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, can sensitize the radioresistant FaDu cells to radiotherapy. Radioresistant FaDu cells, called FaDu‐RR cells, were used as the radioresistant hypopharyngeal cancer models. The expression of PARP1 was detected in both FaDu and FaDu‐RR cells. The role of Olaparib in radiosensitization was analysed with several assays including clonogenic cell survival, cell proliferation and cell cycle, and radioresistant xenograft. High expression of PARP1 had a significant effect on enhancing radioresistance in FaDu‐RR cells compared with FaDu cells. After treatment of Olaparib, FaDu‐RR cells showed significantly less and smaller surviving colonies, lower proliferation ability and G2/M arrest than those in the group without treatment. Moreover, Olaparib significantly reduced growth of tumours in FaDu‐RR cell xenografts treated with ionizing radiation. Olaparib can significantly inhibit PARP1 expression and consequently has significant effects on radiosensitization in FaDu‐RR cells. These results indicate that Olaparib may help individualize treatment and improve their outcomes of hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with radiation.
Characterization of the taste receptor‐related G‐protein, α‐gustducin, in pancreatic β‐cells
Authors: Udagawa Haruhide , Hiramoto Masaki , Kawaguchi Miho , Uebanso Takashi , Ohara‐Imaizumi Mica , Nammo Takao , Nishimura Wataru , Yasuda Kazuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTaste receptors, T1rs and T2rs, and the taste‐selective G‐protein, α‐gustducin, are expressed outside the taste‐sensing system, such as enteroendocrine L cells. Here, we examined whether α‐gustducin also affects nutrition sensing and insulin secretion by pancreatic β‐cells.Materials and MethodsThe expression of α‐gustducin and taste receptors was evaluated in β‐cell lines, and in rat and mouse islets either by quantitative polymerase chain reaction or fluorescence immunostaining. The effects of α‐gustducin knockdown on insulin secretion and on cyclic adenosine monophosphate and intracellular Ca2+ levels in rat INS‐1 cells were estimated. Sucralose (taste receptor agonist)‐induced insulin secretion was investigated in INS‐1 cells with α‐gustducin suppression and in islets from mouse disease models.ResultsThe expression of Tas1r3 and α‐gustducin was confirmed in β‐cell lines and pancreatic islets. Basal levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, intracellular calcium and insulin secretion were significantly enhanced with α‐gustducin knockdown in INS‐1 cells. The expression of α‐gustducin was decreased in high‐fat diet‐fed mice and in diabetic db/db mice. Sucralose‐induced insulin secretion was not attenuated in INS‐1 cells with α‐gustducin knockdown or in mouse islets with decreased expression of α‐gustducin.Conclusionsα‐Gustducin is involved in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, intracellular calcium levels and insulin secretion in pancreatic β‐cells in a manner independent of taste receptor signaling. α‐Gustducin might play a novel role in β‐cell physiology and the development of type 2 diabetes.
Significant decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis C infection after the introduction of direct acting antivirals
Authors: Rodríguez‐Tajes Sergio , Domínguez Ángela , Carrión Jose Antonio , Buti María , Quer Joan Carles , Morillas Rosa M , López Carme , Torras Xavier , Baliellas Carme , Vergara Merche , Forner Montse , Zaragoza Natividad , Salò Joan , Rigau Joaquim , Caballeria Llorenç , Mariño Zoe , Janè Mireia , Colom Joan , Forns Xavier , Lens Sabela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAccurate information on the epidemiology of hepatitis C and B infection is mandatory to establish a national/regional plan. We aim to update the prevalence of hepatitis C and B infection in Catalonia using point‐of‐care tests to analyze the risk factors related and to implement a linkage‐to‐care circuit.MethodsThis is a community‐based study. A random list of adult individuals was retrieved from censuses of primary care centers. Point‐of‐care tests for anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and a questionnaire for risk factor assessment were performed. Positive results were validated and a circuit for linkage‐to‐care was established.ResultsA total of 3328 individuals were included. The anti‐HCV and HBsAg overall prevalence were lower than expected [1.02%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–1.39; and 0.52%, 95% CI 0.26–0.77, respectively]. Anti‐HCV positive subjects were mostly (88%) autochthonous. The prevalence increased with age; only 12% were under age 40. The associated risk factors were drug use, blood transfusion, relative with HCV, and diabetes. Notably, the prevalence of active infection was only 0.49% (95% CI 0.23–0.74), 40% less than previously reported, reflecting the impact of direct acting antiviral therapy. Differently, HBsAg positive subjects were mostly foreign migrants (53%) with no other risk factors. Despite the implementation of a linkage‐to‐care circuit, one third of HBsAg positive subjects were lost.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HCV infection was lower than previously reported, showing a strong impact of direct acting antiviral therapy in the last years. Because of hepatitis B universal vaccination, HBV infection in Catalonia is mainly associated with migrant population. Linkage‐to‐care in patients with hepatitis B was challenging and warrants additional efforts.
Effect of chest compression with kneeling on the bed in clinical situations
Authors: Hasegawa Tomoyuki , Okane Ritsu , Ichikawa Yoko , Inukai Sayuri , Saito Shin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimCardiopulmonary resuscitation is vital for survival after cardiac arrest, and chest compressions are an important aspect of this. When performing chest compression in a hospital setting, the rescuer often has to kneel on the bed to overcome inconvenient differences in height between the rescuer and the bed. However, as yet no study has evaluated the quality of chest compressions in this position. The aim of this study was to examine the impact on the quality of chest compressions while kneeling on the bed.MethodsFifteen female students performed 2‐min chest compressions on a manikin placed on the floor and a bed. Measurement parameters included compression depth, heart rate, integrated electromyogram, and a visual analog scale. The parameters were measured every 30 s and were statistically compared between the conditions.ResultsCompression depth at 30, 60, 90, and 120 s differed significantly between the conditions. Heart rate values at 150 and 210 s of recovery significantly differed between the conditions. Integrated electromyogram values for the trapezius, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris differed between the floor and bed conditions during 2‐min chest compressions, whereas the external oblique muscle significantly differed at 60 and 120 s. Visual analog scales for fatigue, effectiveness, and stability significantly differed between the conditions.ConclusionKneeling on the bed does not enable grounding of the toe, causing the upper body to be unstable and limiting generation of the power required for chest compression. Our results suggest that rotation every minute is necessary to maintain effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation while kneeling on the bed.
Monitoring the glycosylation of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate‐type glutamate receptors using specific antibodies reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of N‐glycosylation occupancy by molecular chaperones in mice
Authors: Midorikawa Ryosuke , Takakura Daisuke , Morise Jyoji , Wakazono Yoshihiko , Kawasaki Nana , Oka Shogo , Takamiya Kogo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the mammalian nervous system, protein N‐glycosylation plays an important role in neuronal physiology. In this study, we performed a comprehensive N‐glycosylation analysis of mouse GluA1, one of the major subunits of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate type glutamate receptor, which possesses six potential N‐glycosylation sites in the N‐terminal domain. By mass spectrometry‐based analysis, we identified the N‐glycoforms and semiquantitatively determined the site‐specific N‐glycosylation occupancy of GluA1. In addition, only the N401‐glycosylation site demonstrated incomplete N‐glycosylation occupancy. Therefore, we generated a peptide antibody that specifically detects the N401‐glycan‐free form to precisely quantify N401‐glycosylation occupancy. Using this antibody, we clarified that N401 occupancy varies between cell types and increases in an age‐dependent manner in mouse forebrains. To address the regulatory mechanism of N401‐glycosylation, binding proteins of GluA1 around the N401 site were screened. HSP70 family proteins, including Bip, were identified as candidates. Bip has been known as a molecular chaperone that plays a key role in protein folding in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). To examine the involvement of Bip in N401‐glycosylation, the effect of Bip over‐expression on N401 occupancy was evaluated in HEK293T cells, and the results demonstrated Bip increases the N401 glycan‐free form by mediating selective prolongation of its protein half‐life. Taken together, we propose that the N401‐glycosite of GluA1 receives a unique control of modification, and we also propose a novel N‐glycosylation occupancy regulatory mechanism by Bip that might be associated with α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole‐propionate receptors function in the brain.
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A split‐face comparison of a fractional microneedle radiofrequency device and fractional radiofrequency therapy for moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Zeng Rong , Liu Yuzhen , Zhao Wenwen , Yang Yin , Wu Qiuju , Li Min , Lin Tong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeRadiofrequency equipment, including invasive fractional microneedle radiofrequency (FMR) and noninvasive fractional radiofrequency (FR), has facilitated progress in the field of active acne treatment, but clinical data are limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of FMR and FR in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris.MethodsTen patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne were enrolled in a 24‐week, prospective, single‐blind, randomized, comparative clinical trial with a split‐face design. Fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment was provided on one side of the face and FR on the opposite side. Three consecutive treatments were performed at 4‐week interval. Objective assessment of efficacy was performed using the Acne Severity Index (ASI), and acne inflammatory lesions and noninflammatory lesions were evaluated.ResultsAfter the first treatment, ASI and both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions of the FMR‐treated side were improved to a greater degree than the FR‐treated side. Patients' subjective satisfaction was also better regarding the FMR‐treated side. After subsequent treatments, efficacy improves for both groups, and no significant differences in the above efficacy parameters between the two groups were observed. Pain scores were significantly higher for the FR‐treated side than the FMR‐treated side.ConclusionFractional microneedle radiofrequency is faster and more effective than FR for the treatment of moderate and severe acne after only one treatment. However, after several treatment sessions, both FMR and FR proved to be safe and effective for long‐term treatment of moderate‐to‐severe acne. Therefore, invasive radiofrequency, such as FMR, or noninvasive radiofrequency, such as FR, can successfully treat active acne.
The role of the microbiota in sedentary lifestyle disorders and ageing: lessons from the animal kingdom
Authors: O'Toole P.W. , Shiels P.G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA paradox of so‐called developed countries is that, as the major historical causes of human mortality are eliminated or mitigated by medical progress, lifestyle‐related diseases have become major killers. Furthermore, as lifespan is extended by the combined effects of modern medicine, health span is struggling to keep apace because of the burden of noncommunicable diseases linked to diet and sedentary lifestyle. The gut microbiome is now recognized as a plastic environmental risk factor for many of these diseases, the microbiome being defined as the complex community of co‐evolved commensal microbes that breaks down components of a complex diet, modulates innate immunity, and produces signalling molecules and metabolites that can impact on diverse regulatory systems in mammals. Aspects of the so‐called ‘Western’ lifestyle linked to disease risk such as energy dense diet and antibiotic treatment are known to affect the composition and function of the microbiome. Here, we review the detailed mechanisms whereby the gut microbiome may modulate risk of diseases linked to sedentary lifestyle and ageing‐related health loss. We focus on the comparative value of natural animal models such as hibernation for studying metabolic regulation and the challenge of extrapolating from animal models to processes that occur in human ageing.
Bereavement Accommodations in the Classroom: Experiences and Opinions of School Staff
Authors: DeMuth Michele , Taggi‐Pinto Alison , Miller Elissa G. , Alderfer Melissa A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBereaved children often struggle in the school environment and school personnel often feel inadequately prepared to support them. This pilot study explored the experiences and opinions of school staff regarding approaches to addressing the needs of bereaved students in the classroom.METHODSTeachers/school personnel (N = 29) completed written open‐ended questions about their experiences with bereaved students and opinions regarding a bereavement‐focused accommodation (ie, 504) plan. Responses were summarized using qualitative content analysis.RESULTSMost participants (93%) reported interacting with bereaved students and: (1) providing emotional support; (2) making classroom accommodations; (3) collaborating with the family/community; and (4) referring the student for counseling. Many (72%) expressed interest in a templated bereavement plan (21% did not respond; 7% said no) with education/resources for school personnel and suggested accommodations for students.CONCLUSIONSTeachers encountering grieving students would welcome a templated bereavement plan to help meet students' needs. Such a plan would allow staff to become more knowledgeable about grief and provide guidance for developing specific strategies to accommodate grieving students both emotionally and academically.
Taser use on individuals experiencing mental distress: An integrative literature review
Authors: Hallett Nutmeg , Duxbury Joy , McKee Tina , Harrison Natalie , Haines Alina , Craig Elaine , O'Brien Anthony J. 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known about the subject?

People experiencing mental distress have a high rate of contact with police in community crisis events.

Police use a continuum of responses when managing situations involving agitation, aggression and behavioural problems.

People experiencing mental distress have been subjected to Tasers as part of the police response.

Following a number of deaths and numerous reports of injuries, concerns have been raised about the safety of Tasers.

What this paper adds?

Police use of Tasers in mental health crises is relatively common.

Tasers are used in a range of settings including public places, private residences and healthcare facilities.

People experiencing mental distress may be subjected to more use of Tasers than the general population.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health professionals need to work with police towards greater understanding of the needs of people experiencing mental distress and to promote the use of non‐coercive interventions in mental health crisis events.

Mental health researchers need to explore the qualitative experiences of people who are Tasered, to provide an evidence base for Taser use with people experiencing mental distress.

AbstractIntroductionConducted electrical weapons, or “Tasers,” are currently used by over 15,000 law enforcement and military agencies worldwide. There are concerns regarding the effectiveness, potential for harm and overuse with people experiencing mental distress.AimTo explore the literature about police use of Tasers with people experiencing mental distress.MethodAn integrative review was undertaken, and qualitative and quantitative analytical approaches were used.ResultsThirty‐one studies were included. Of all recorded usage, overall prevalence of Taser use on people experiencing mental distress was 28%. This population appears to experience higher Taser usage than the general population.DiscussionThere are substantial gaps in the research literature particularly with respect to the decision‐making processes involved in deploying Tasers on this population and the physical and psychological consequences of Taser use in this context.Implications for practicePolice use of Tasers in mental health crises is relatively common and occurs in a variety of environments including mental health settings. Mental health professionals need to work with police towards greater understanding of the needs of people with mental illness and to promote the use of non‐coercive interventions in mental health crisis events.
Small RNA sequencing of pectoral muscle tissue reveals microRNA‐mediated gene modulation in chicken muscle growth
Authors: Zhang Zengrong , Qiu Mohan , Du Huarui , Li Qingyun , Gan Wu , Xiong Xia , Yu Chunlin , Peng Han , Xia Bo , Song Xiaoyan , Yang Li , Hu Chenming , Chen Jialei , Yang Chaowu , Jiang Xiaosong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSichuan mountainous black‐bone (SMB) chicken is a small‐sized black‐feathered chicken breed with low amount of meat, while Dahen (DH) chicken has a larger body size and a faster growth rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various physiological processes, but their role in chicken muscle growth remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the miRNAs and pathways participating in the muscle growth of chicken. MiRNA profiles of four SMB chickens and four DH chickens were detected by small RNA sequencing. A total of 994 known miRNAs were identified, among which gga‐miR‐1a‐3p, gga‐miR‐148‐3p and gga‐miR‐133a‐3p exhibited the highest enrichment in both breeds of chickens. Thirty‐two miRNAs were differently expressed between SMB and DH chickens. The differently expressed miRNAs were mainly associated with fatty acid metabolism, immunity and MAPK activation‐related processes. Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that miRNAs were involved in the immunity‐related and MAPK signalling pathways. Moreover, miR‐204 was downregulated in DH chicken compared with SMB chicken, and significantly inhibited the expression of MAP3K13, which is involved in the MAPK pathway. It was confirmed through luciferase reporter assays that miR‐204 specifically inhibited the activity of MAP3K13. Our results helped demonstrate the potential molecular mechanisms of muscle growth in chickens and provide valuable information for chicken breeding.
Data‐driven taxonomy matching of asteroid and meteorite
Authors: Saito Yuki , Hong Peng K. , Niihara Takafumi , Miyamoto Hideaki , Fukumizu Kenji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe matching of asteroids and meteorites is a significant step toward a better understanding of the origin, structure, and history of the solar system. We propose a data‐driven approach for investigating common taxonomic structure between asteroids and meteorites; C‐, S‐, and V‐type for the former, and carbonaceous chondrite, ordinary chondrite, and howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite (HED) meteorite for the latter. In the numerical experiments, by checking whether the taxonomy information of meteorites improves classification for asteroid data, we examine the existence of common structure over the two domains. For this purpose, we compare the resultant accuracies of two clustering methods which are with/without the guidance of meteorite data. We observe that the guidance of meteorite taxonomy improves the accuracy for classifying asteroids, either with the reflectance spectra or major chemical compositions of meteorites. This fact serves as a piece of evidence that there is a common taxonomic structure and links between meteorites and asteroids, supporting a long‐standing hypothesis.
Two‐eyed seeing: A useful gaze in Indigenous medical education research
Authors: McKivett Andrea , Hudson Judith N. , McDermott Dennis , Paul David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractContextMedical education has a role in preparing future health care practitioners to have the skills to meaningfully address health disparities while providing effective clinical care considerate of diversity in our societies. This calls for medical education researchers to approach their craft in ways that prioritise and value inputs from a broader range of perspectives and worldviews in an effort to redress the negative impacts of social, political and structural forces on health outcomes.MethodsGiven the entrenched health inequities experienced by Indigenous populations across the globe, this paper details an approach to medical education research put forward by Canadian Mi'kmaw Elders Murdena and Albert Marshall and named ‘two‐eyed seeing’. This approach provides the opportunity for medical education researchers to address the ongoing impacts of colonisation, racism and marginalisation on health outcomes by prioritising Indigenous worldviews in medical curricula. The need for researchers and medical academies to critically consider Indigenous governance and processes of respectful knowledge sharing within the wider institutional and societal contexts is addressed.ConclusionsThe benefits of two‐eyed seeing in the context of better preparing the future workforce to effectively meet the needs of those most vulnerable, and to action change against health inequities, situate it as a promising research approach in medical education.
A small‐scale MRI scanner and complementary imaging method to visualize and quantify xylem embolism formation
Authors: Meixner Marco , Tomasella Martina , Foerst Petra , Windt Carel W. 
Published: January 2020

Summary

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool to image xylem embolism formation in plants. MRI scanners configured to accept intact plants are rare and expensive. Here, we investigate if affordable small‐scale, custom‐built low‐field MRI scanners would suffice for the purpose.
A small‐scale, C‐shaped permanent magnet was paired with open, plane parallel imaging gradients. The setup was small enough to fit between leaves or branches and offered open access for plant stems of arbitrary length. To counter the two main drawbacks of the system, low signal to noise and reduced magnetic field homogeneity, a multi‐spin echo (MSE) pulse sequence was implemented, allowing efficient signal acquisition and quantitative imaging of water content and T2 signal relaxation.
The system was tested visualizing embolism formation in Fagus sylvatica during bench dehydration. High‐quality images of water content and T2 were readily obtained, which could be utilized to detect the cavitation of vessels smaller than could be spatially resolved. A multiplication of both map types yielded images in which filled xylem appeared with even greater contrast.
T2 imaging with small‐scale MRI devices allows straightforward visualization of the spatial and temporal dynamics of embolism formation and the derivation of vulnerability curves.