bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An English Pilgrim
Authors: Anderson David 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
If, as Salman Rushdie has written (in an essay on Günter Grass), ‘the migrant is, perhaps, the central or defining figure of the twentieth century’, then Chapter 4, ‘An English Pilgrim:?Sebald’s The Rings of Saturn and Austerlitz’, explores how Sebald depicts spaces scored by both his own migration to England and that of the Jewish refugees he encounters there. Placing Sebald’s work into dialogue with itself (polemical texts like On the Natural History of Destruction) and with regional history texts like Ronald Blythe’s Akenfield (1969), this chapter examines how Sebald’s East Anglia becomes an exemplary setting for his saturnine account of the ‘natural history of destruction’ as well as his problematic depiction of ‘heritage’ spaces in The Rings of Saturn (1995). It goes on to show how Austerlitz (2001) frames its depictions of England within a network of other locations including Brussels, Prague, Paris, Marienbad (Czech Republic), and North Wales, cultivating a thickened sense of space and place by way of the profound and moving friendship that it recounts between Sebald’s narrator and the fictional Jacques Austerlitz.
Theorizing Socialist Constitutional Change
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter theorizes socialist constitutional change, using a holistic approach, which integrates conceptualist, functionalist, causalist, and institutional accounts. Conceptually, it adopts a non-binary approach to constitution and constitutional change, seeking to accentuate and situate the formal constitution and formal constitutional change within the broader constitutional order. Functionally, socialist constitutional change can be characterized as progressive constitutional change. Epistemologically rooted in Marxist progressivism, the function of constitutional change in socialist countries is to facilitate the active role of the party-state in improving living conditions of local residents. This progressive constitutional change is driven by a range of top-down and bottom-up factors: leadership change; the party’s changing policy for social and economic development; constitutional and economic globalization; and social demands and social economic transition. The legal form for constitutional change is varied, including: implicit replacement through amendment, explicit replacement through amendment, ordinary replacement, and ordinary amendment. The chapter concludes by categorizing five variations of the socialist models of progressive constitutional change: universal, integration, reservation, exceptional, and personal.
Socialist Constitutional Identity
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter demonstrates that the socialist constitutional identity includes five core elements, namely instrumentalism, vanguardism, “democratic centralism,” statist rights, and statist economy, which are antithetical to liberal constitutionalism. These are the fundamental, aspirational constitutional principles and ideas characterizing all socialist constitutions, including the five current constitutions in China, Vietnam, Laos, North Korea, and Cuba.
The Reservation Model
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In a national referendum on February 24, 2019, Cubans overwhelmingly ratified a new constitution after an extensive process of public constitutional debates and consultation. This chapter focuses on the process and substances of the 2019 constitution-making. It demonstrates that the 2019 Constitution introduces progressive change to improve the socialist constitutional system and material wellbeing of the living conditions of the local people. Compared with the four other socialist countries this book considers, Cuba is characterized by the reservation model of socialist constitutional change. Constitutional change reserves unique features of Cuban Caribbean Marxism: the revolutionary commitment to communism and the praxis of “socialist democracy” in the form of mass rallies, consultations, and referenda. The adherence to Cuban Caribbean Marxism informs and legitimatizes the process and substances of constitutional change in this country.
The Churchill Myths
Authors: Fielding Steven , Schwarz Bill , Toye Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This is not yet another biography of Winston Churchill. It is instead an innovative study of how and why we think what we do about the figure we call ‘Winston Churchill’—and how generations of politicians, historians, and dramatists have manipulated this figure for their own ends. It is a book for those interested in ‘Churchill’ and how this figure has been put to use—as well as Britain’s past, present, and future.
Persistence and Change in Churchill’s Mythic Memory
Authors: Fielding Steven , Schwarz Bill , Toye Richard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores Churchill’s various afterlives as a figure in the popular media taking the field of ‘the popular’ as a site where different Churchills jostle for pre-eminence. In this sense it works with the idea of ‘dead body politics’. The emphasis falls on the various competing figures of Churchill which reverberated through popular life in the second half of the twentieth century and start of the twenty-first across a range of different genres of popular media: at the imagining of Churchill as ‘Great Man’ and from a competing perspective those interventions which sought to dismantle the association of Churchill and ‘greatness’. The chapter finally considers the relations between these remembered Churchills and the continuing significance of the monarchy in British life.
The Syrian–Palestinian Milieu in Late Antiquity
Authors: Pregill Michael E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a unique corpus of early Christian literature in Syriac that reflects a synthesis of older patristic views of the Calf episode with specific themes that seem to have circulated widely in the Eastern Christian milieu, shared in common between communities of Jewish and Christian exegetes in this period. While continuing the tradition of anti-Jewish arguments predicated on the abiding impact of Israel’s sin with the Calf, authors such as Ephrem, Aphrahat, and Jacob of Serugh also developed a unique view of Aaron that dictated a more apologetic position regarding his culpability; this precisely paralleled the development of similar views of Aaron in Jewish tradition. This material provides us with a lens through which to examine the phenomenon of exegetical approaches that are held in common by different communities, yet deployed for opposite purposes. The chapter concludes by considering a possible historical context to Syrian Christian polemic against Jews based on the Calf narrative: the revival of priestly leadership, or at least interest in the priesthood and its role, among contemporary Jewish communities, especially in late antique Palestine.
British Gods
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The product of a forty-year career of sociological research, British Gods is a comprehensive survey of contemporary Britain’s faith climate. Bruce has returned to a number of towns and villages that were the subject of detailed community studies in the 1950s and 1960s to see how the status, nature, and popularity of religion have changed. Those restudies—supported by a large body of survey data and statistical evidence on such measures of religious interest as baptisms, church weddings, church membership, and church attendance—provide a springboard for exploring such general issues as the status of the clergy, the churches’ attempts to find new roles, the growth of non-Christian religions, the changing nature of superstition, links between religion and violence, the impact of the charismatic movement, the ordination of women, New Age spirituality, arguments over moral issues such as abortion and gay rights, the effect of social class on belief, the impact of religion on British politics, and the ways that local social structures strengthen or weaken religion. The final chapter considers the obstacles to any religious revival and concludes that the current stock of religious knowledge is so depleted, religion so unpopular, and committed believers so scarce that any significant reversal of religion’s decline in Britain is unlikely.
Introduction
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines four distinctive features that mark competition law in New Zealand (NZ). Some of these (the first and fourth) are unique to NZ while others (the second and third) are common to all antitrust regimes. The first characteristic is the close relationship with Australian competition law and policy. Being modelled upon Australian legislation, NZ law tracks Australian developments, although the pattern is not one of slavish adherence. A second motif is the ongoing tension between competition law as law and competition law as applied to industrial organization economics. NZ courts have consistently held that economics plays an important but supplemental and subsidiary role. The concepts of “competition” and “market” are discussed. Third, there is ambivalence over the ambit of competition law. This chapter examines both exemptions from the Commerce Act 1986 and the extension of competition law to give it a limited extraterritorial effect. Fourth, another recurring theme is the prevalence of the small, isolated economy argument (NZ is a small fish in the global pond) in the development of policy, doctrine, and the interpretation of the law.
Horizontal Arrangements: From Price-Fixing and Boycotts to Cartel Conduct
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Horizontal anticompetitive arrangements law has been marked by major legislative turning points. The prohibition upon group boycotts was first weakened and then abolished. Having been amended on two occasions (1990 and 2001) to restrict its field of operation, the coup de grace was administered in 2017 when s 29 was repealed outright. More regulation of other horizontal anticompetitive arrangements followed Australia’s lead in the steady stream of cases involving collusive understandings that have the purpose, effect, or likely effect of substantially lessening or hindering competition in terms of the key prohibition in s 27. The task of separating collusion by consensus from “conscious parallelism” has not proved easy. Cases involving joint ventures and information sharing have seldom come before the courts. In 2017 the law was remodelled so that “price-fixing” was re-cast as “cartel” activity. The substance did not change for cartels of the price-setting variety; bid rigging, market division, and output restriction arrangements had also been caught under the original 1986 wording. Very recently, cartel conduct has been criminalized.
Enforcement and Remedies
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the range of remedies and the approach to public and private enforcement of the Commerce Act 1986. Over time, the need for private antitrust suits has become even more pressing as the Commission’s workload has expanded greatly. The “light-handed” regulation experiment proved disastrous, and thus the revival of industry-specific regulation was added to the Commission’s duties. The early years were marked by very lenient penalties because judges were sympathetic to businesses falling afoul of the Act. It took the better part of 20 years for tougher deterrent penalties to be realized. The significantly higher penalties introduced in 2001 were the signal for the courts to belatedly give the Act more “bite,” and so it has proved. This chapter also surveys injunctions, damages, and the ill-fated cease and desist orders. After a protracted gestation, the legislature recently introduced the criminalization of cartel conduct.
Introduction
Authors: Windell Maria A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It is nearly impossible to talk about US sentimentalism without talking about Harriet Beecher Stowe’s influential 1852 best-selling novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin. The Introduction thus discusses US reactions to an 1887 Mexican theatrical performance of Uncle Tom’s Cabin to illustrate how Transamerican Sentimentalism dislocates familiar scholarly narratives about US literary sentimentalism as a New England or abolitionist mode. The Introduction links transamerican and sentimental scholarship through questions of incommensurability before elaborating on how US sentimentalism connects to a broader Americas tradition. It then delineates the parameters of a transamerican sentimentalism by articulating the implications of reorienting such an important national and transatlantic mode. Finally, the Introduction offers an overview of how persistent recurrences of transamerican sentimentalism enabled African American, Native American, and Latinx writers to navigate the violent, multivalent realm of the nineteenth-century Americas.
Shakespeare Before Shakespeare
Authors: Parry Glyn , Enis Cathryn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This book puts William Shakespeare’s Stratford upbringing into significant historical context for the first time and provides new ways of thinking about Warwickshire and Elizabethan England. It uses new archival discoveries about three families: the Shakespeares, the brothers Ambrose and Robert Dudley, earls of Warwick and Leicester, and the Arden family headed by Edward Arden. It shows that as he grew up William Shakespeare was exposed to the Dudleys’ political, legal, historical, and genealogical claims for their authority in Warwickshire and Stratford, an assault on the county’s collective memory resisted by the Ardens and other gentry. As her proxies, the Dudleys established Elizabeth I’s Protestant regime in the west Midlands, culminating in Edward Arden’s destruction on false treason charges in 1583. By then the Shakespeares also had direct experience of the London government’s power in the localities. From 1569 Exchequer informers, backed by influential politicians at Court, accused William’s father John of illegal wool-dealing and usury. Contrary to previous claims that he had escaped these charges by 1572, new sources show how the Exchequer’s continuing demands undermined John’s credit rating by 1577, forcing his withdrawal from Stratford politics, and curtailing his business career in the early 1580s. In the fallout from Arden’s destruction the Elizabethan regime also punished the Shakespeares’ friends and neighbours, the Quineys for their alleged financial links to the traitorous Ardens, despite local knowledge to the contrary, confirming Shakespeare’s sceptical understanding of the realities of power that we find in his later plays.
The Shakespeares
Authors: Parry Glyn , Enis Cathryn 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter uses new evidence to put John Shakespeare’s business career into a national political context for the first time, presenting a completely new narrative of his well-known Exchequer Court cases. It explains the overlooked limitations of the Exchequer documents previously used to describe his prosecutions for wool-dealing and usury from 1569 to 1572, and introduces an entirely different series of documents, the Exchequer writ files, which reveal that two significant cases against John continued into the 1580s. Other records show that by 1572 John had defaulted on a bond to the Exchequer for £133. Though they require careful interpretation, and through losses may underestimate the extent of John’s problems, the writ files connect his troubles to a national and parliamentary political scandal, which prompted Lord Burghley and others to seek to ‘reform’ the corrupt informer system, against the opposition of vested interests at Court, including the queen, and in the Exchequer. Really designed to protect the queen’s financial interests, Burghley’s administrative changes deepened John’s financial predicament by diminishing his chances of bribing his way out of trouble. By 1577 John was publicly identified as a Crown debtor, unable to pay his bond and therefore unable to participate in the local credit system, which led to his social and political decline in Stratford. Records from the early 1580s, when William became an adult, show how far his father had declined under assault from a system intended to protect the interests of the wealthy and powerful rather than equitable justice.
‘Peace and Tranquillity’
Authors: Robinson D.H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter recounts the gestation of English and British foreign policy into two competing strategies between 1689 and 1739: the interventionist continentalism of the Court Whigs and the blue-water policy of the Tory and Country Whig factions, each of which was accompanied by a distinctive attitude towards the relationship between British and European culture. It shows how, in parallel with the consolidation of Court Whig supremacy in England, continentalism had triumphed in British America by the end of the Wars of the Grand Alliance (1689–1714) and continued to hold sway throughout the interwar years 1714–39.
For Fear of “Drifting Unconsciously”: Marlow Goes to a Wedding
Authors: Levin Yael 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The chapter tests the relation between the novel’s titular theme, its handling of plot, and its commercial appeal. The emphasis on chance serves Conrad’s attempt to performatively resist the pervasiveness of determinism in nineteenth-century thought. At the same time, a set of motifs that serve as counter-indications to contingency offer coherence and the familiar. The ambivalent treatment of chance is read as an indication of Conrad’s oscillation between two different artistic commitments and the philosophical paradigms that generate them. What is at stake is not only the nature of the audience he chooses to address and the authorial responsibilities that such a choice dictates, but the very question of his artistic legacy. The method with which chance is to be treated in the novel will determine if Conrad is a “modern” writer or a panderer to public opinion; whether he chooses an art of Becoming or of Being.
Balance laws for small deformations
Authors: Anand Lallit , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For solids it is often a good approximation to assume that the displacement and displacement gradient are small everywhere in the body. In this setting the basic laws for balance of mass, the balance laws for forces and moments, and the two laws of thermodynamics --- the balance of energy and the imbalance of entropy --- take on simpler forms which are derived and discussed in this chapter.
Constitutive equations for linear elasticity
Authors: Anand Lallit , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this chapter the constitutive equations for linear elasticity in which the free energy is a quadratic function, and the stress a linear function, of the small strain tensor are introduced. In general, the fourth-order linear elasticity tensor which relates the stress to the strain has twenty-one independent elastic constants. Most solids, however, exhibit some symmetry, the effect of which is to reduce the number of elastic constants. Forms of the linear elasticity tensor for some anisotropic materials, as well as the widely-used forms for an isotropic material, which has only two independent elastic constants, are discussed. The engineering elastic moduli known as the shear modulus and the bulk modulus, as well as the Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio for isotropic linear elastic materials are introduced. Considerations of temperature changes necessitate the introduction of another tensorial material property called the thermal expansion tensor, which for an isotropic material reduces to a scalar coefficient of thermal expansion.
Solutions to some classical problems in linear elastostatics
Authors: Anand Lallit , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents and discusses the solution of several classical problems in linear elastostatics, including thick-walled spheres and cylinders under external and internal pressure; bending and torsion of prismatic bars of arbitrary cross section; and the use of Airy’s stress function method to solve several two-dimensional plane strain and plane stress traction boundary value problems, including a demonstration of the extent of the Saint-Venant effect. The discussion also includes an analysis of the asymptotic stress and deformation fields near the tips of sharp cracks, and a discussion of stress intensity factors which are of importance in linear elastic fracture mechanics.
Linear poroelasticity
Authors: Anand Lallit , Govindjee Sanjay 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents the theory of linear poroelasticity. The formulation is modeled after the theory of Biot and has applications in geomechanics, petroleum engineering, and hydrogeology. Relations for force and fluid balance are presented along, with constitutive relations coupling mechanical skeletal motion to fluid pore pressure and vice versa. Microstructural considerations are discussed, and the theory is demonstrated via application to geomechanical consolidation and to incompressible gels.
Becoming a Man: A Duboisian Examination of the Experiences of Black Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Barnes Sandra L 
Published: September 2020

AbstractW.E.B. Du Bois developed a thesis on the formation of Black manhood that includes key characteristics of this identity and dynamics that can foster or undermine its development. Yet his framework does not directly reference sexual minorities. Is Du Bois’ thesis relevant today for Black men who have sex with men (BMSM)? Do they espouse similar traits and experience similar challenges? Are their masculinity tropes nuanced based on racial, gender, and/or sexual identities? Informed by a New Millennium Du Boisian Mode of Inquiry and qualitative analyses, this study considers whether and how key aspects of Du Bois’ understanding of the formation of Black manhood are evident among 168 BMSM who reside in the South. Moving beyond a focus on HIV/AIDS for this demographic, the article notes that three themes emerge linked to embracing, essentializing, and extending Du Bois’ thesis on Black manhood that illustrate whether and how his views on Black masculinity are apparent and relevant among Black men excluded from his original work.