bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Guernsey community participation and leisure assessment—Revised (GCPLA‐R)
Authors: Baker Peter , Taylor‐Roberts Laura , Jones Fergal W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA sufficiently psychometrically robust measure of community and leisure participation of adults with intellectual disabilities was not in existence, despite research identifying this as an important outcome and a key contributor to quality of life. The current study aimed to update the Guernsey Community Participation and Leisure Assessment (GCPLA). Adults with intellectual disabilities, carers and experts were consulted in creating a revised pool of 46 items. These were then tested and data from 326 adults with intellectual disabilities were analysed for their component structure and psychometric properties. Principal component analysis discovered a stable set of components describing seven different clusters. This revised measure (the GCPLA‐R) was demonstrated to have satisfactory reliability, and scores were related to challenging behaviour and adaptive behaviour in theoretically consistent ways and were correlated with scores on comparable measures.
The effect of high‐salt diet on t‐lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy males—A pilot study
Authors: Wenstedt Eliane F. E. , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , van der Bom‐Baylon Nelly D. , Schrooten Esmee M. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Vogt Liffert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnimal studies show that high‐salt diet affects T‐cell subpopulations, but evidence in humans is scarce and contradictory. This pilot study investigated the effect of a 2‐week high‐salt diet on T‐cell subpopulations (ie, γδ T cells, Th17 cells, and regulatory T cells) in five healthy males. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 33 (2) years, with normal body mass index, kidney function, and baseline blood pressure. In terms of phenotype, there was an isolated increase of CD69 expression in Vδ1 T cells (P = .04), which is an early activation marker. There were no statistically significant changes or trends in any of the other tested markers or in the Th17 or regulatory T‐cell subsets. The increase in CD69 was strongly correlated to increases in 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion (r = .93, P = .02). These results of this pilot may motivate the use of longer dietary salt interventions in future studies on salt and adaptive immune cells.
Transcriptome‐wide genotype–phenotype associations in Daphnia in a predation risk environment
Authors: Ravindran Suda Parimala , Tams Verena , Cordellier Mathilde 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhenotypic variation plays an important role in how species cope with environmental challenges. Pinpointing which genes and genomic regions are underlying phenotypic variability thus helps to understand the processes of acclimation and adaptation. We used Daphnia as a system to identify candidates playing a role in phenotypic variation related to a predation risk environment with a genome‐wide association approach. Furthermore, a gene co‐expression network analysis allowed identifying clusters of co‐expressed genes which correlated to life history traits. To enhance the understanding of the functional roles of the transcripts, we identified orthologs and paralogs from related species and used ontologies to annotate the candidates of interest. Our study revealed that only one life history trait and two morphometric traits have a genetic association in the presence of predation risk (fish kairomones), whereas most genotype–phenotype associations were detected in a genotype–environment interaction analysis for reproduction‐related phenotypic traits. The gene co‐expression network analysis identified a total of 44 modules, of which one module correlated to another life history trait namely the ‘total number of broods’. The combined use of gene co‐expression network and transcriptome‐wide association analysis allowed the identification of 131 candidate transcripts associated with life history traits in Daphnia galeata. These results lay the ground for targeted studies to further understand phenotypic variability in this species.
The effects of ambiguity on entrepreneurship
Authors: Bonilla Claudio A. , Cubillos Pablo A. Gutiérrez 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe incorporate ambiguity (Knightian uncertainty) into a classic model of entrepreneurship to analyze, among other things, its effects on the optimal level of business startups, the relation between total assets and the size of the entrepreneurial investment, the effects of increasing ambiguity on developing new ventures, and the decision to self‐select into entrepreneurship for an indifferent decision maker. We first show that, under the monotone‐likelihood ratio property, the introduction of ambiguity negatively affects the optimal entrepreneurial investment, something that is consistent with most experimental evidence about entrepreneurial choice under ambiguity. Then, we show that the classical explanations for the positive correlation between total assets and business startups based on decreasing absolute risk aversion preferences and prudent behavior can be challenged when ambiguity is incorporated into the analysis, and we provide the conditions that guarantee that the traditional comparative static result under risk is replicated under ambiguity. We also show that increases in ambiguity aversion reduce entrepreneurial activities. Finally, we discuss our results under alternative ways of modeling ambiguity.
Conductive hydro drying of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L) pulp: Insights for natural food colorant applications
Authors: Preethi Ramakrishnan , Deotale Shweta M. , Moses Jeyan A. , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNatural food colorants are often unstable and undergo rapid degradation reactions. These are significant at higher temperatures, as in the case of drying of food powders. In this research, conductive hydro drying (CHD), a variant of the refractance window drying technology was used to prepare flakes from beetroot pulp. Three different temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) were used and the results were compared against tray dried counterparts. Significant differences in moisture content, water activity, color, powder characteristics, reconstitution behavior, total phenolic content, antioxidant property, and betalain content (both betaxanthin and betacyanin) were observed between the drying methods. With significantly lower drying time, CHD can be conveniently used for commercial applications requiring the drying of natural pigment‐rich foods.Practical applications
CHD is an effective alternative method for drying of natural colorant rich foods
“Non‐thermal” drying approach showed significant retention of betalains, phenolics, and antioxidant activity as compared with tray drying
CHD is commercially viable and can be conveniently scaled up
This novel drying approach shows significant savings in cost, energy, and time
Psychotropic medications use and side effects of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Charlot L. R. , Doerfler L. A. , McLaren J. L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are treated with psychotropic medications, and polypharmacy is common. Although few studies address psychotropic side effects in the population, people with IDD have been found more likely to experience side effects than others who do not have IDD. Because many individuals with IDD may not report side effects reliably, there is risk that side effects may be missed.MethodsPsychotropic use and side effects of 71 adults with IDD admitted for a 30‐day crisis stay to a Systemic, Therapeutic, Assessment, Resources, and Treatment (START) Resource Center were reviewed. START is a specialised behavioural health outreach, training and crisis programme for individuals with IDD. During crisis stays, centre nurses administer the Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects screen, a psychometrically established psychotropic medication side effects screen developed for use with people with IDD. Data reviewed were de‐identified data used to inform day‐to‐day practices and assess outcomes for individuals START served.ResultsThe average age was 28 years, and 56% of the sample was male. All individuals were taking at least one psychotropic, while 79% were taking three or more. The average number of psychotropics used was 3.94. Antipsychotics were the most commonly prescribed medications taken by 85% of the sample; 49% of whom were not reported to have psychosis. Although the overall number of psychotropics did not correlate with Matson Evaluation of Drug Side Effects scores, the average scale scores for all participants was high in contrast to prior studies of people with IDD not taking psychotropics, with central nervous system side effects being the most commonly reported.ConclusionIn the present study, data for individuals experiencing a crisis were reviewed and indicated high rates of psychotropic polypharmacy and side effects rates higher than previously reported for people with IDD not taking psychotropics. Prospective study in larger samples is needed to determine if missed or under‐appreciated psychotropic side effects may play a role in behavioural health challenges of some people with IDD.
Community‐Engaged Approach to the Development and Implementation of a Student‐Centered Return to Learn Care Plan After Concussion
Authors: Conrick Kelsey McGuire , Moore Megan , Abbotts Laurel , Widdice Laura , Hoag Samara , Kroshus Emily , Philipson Erik Bruce , Jinguji Thomas , Weiner Bryan Jeffrey , Glang Ann , Rivara Frederick Peter , Chrisman Sara Powell Dow , Dickason Celeste Quitiquit , Vavilala Monica Shanta 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCurrent return to learn (RTL) after concussion guidelines lack specificity for individualized student care, limiting potential for adoption and implementation. We used a community‐engaged research framework to develop and evaluate the implementation of a student‐centered care plan that assists school personnel in facilitating RTL.METHODSWe used best‐practice RTL guidelines and input from administrators and medical experts to iteratively develop a flexible student‐centered care plan. Thirteen schools participated. Coding completion of care plans indicated feasibility and fidelity; interviews with RTL coordinators indicated acceptability.RESULTSThe care plan includes educational materials, symptom checklists, and guidelines for classroom adjustments linked to student symptoms. Care plans were initiated for 24 (70.6%) of 34 students with concussions, indicating feasibility. Fidelity was high, with the following subsections completed: Action Checklist (90%), Symptom Evaluation (91%), Temporary Adjustment Recommendations (95%). Qualitative analysis of interviews suggested care plans were acceptable and facilitate consistent communication, prioritization of individual needs of students, and increased ability to delegate tasks to other school staff.CONCLUSIONSImplementation of a student‐centered, individually tailored care plan for RTL is feasible and acceptable in public high schools. Future research should examine how to expediently initiate student‐centered concussion care plans after diagnosis to optimize recovery.
1,5‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles as inhibitors of the mitochondrial Ca2+‐activated F1FO‐ATP(hydrol)ase and the permeability transition pore
Authors: Algieri Vincenzo , Algieri Cristina , Maiuolo Loredana , De Nino Antonio , Pagliarani Alessandra , Tallarida Matteo Antonio , Trombetti Fabiana , Nesci Salvatore 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a high‐conductance channel triggered by a sudden Ca2+ concentration increase, is composed of the F1FO‐ATPase. Since mPTP opening leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a feature of many diseases, a great pharmacological challenge is to find mPTP modulators. In our study, the effects of two 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives, five‐membered heterocycles with three nitrogen atoms in the ring and capable of forming secondary interactions with proteins, were investigated. Compounds 3a and 3b were selected among a wide range of structurally related compounds because of their chemical properties and effectiveness in preliminary studies. In swine heart mitochondria, both compounds inhibit Ca2+‐activated F1FO‐ATPase without affecting F‐ATPase activity sustained by the natural cofactor Mg2+. The inhibition is mutually exclusive, probably because of their shared enzyme site, and uncompetitive with respect to the ATP substrate, since they only bind to the enzyme–ATP complex. Both compounds show the same inhibition constant (Kʹi), but compound 3a has a doubled inactivation rate constant compared with compound 3b. Moreover, both compounds desensitize mPTP opening without altering mitochondrial respiration. The results strengthen the link between Ca2+‐activated F1FO‐ATPase and mPTP and suggest that these inhibitors can be pharmacologically exploited to counteract mPTP‐related diseases.
High efficiency and workflow of His bundle pacing and atrioventricular node ablation guided by three‐dimensional mapping system
Authors: Sun Yuanjun , Yu Xiaohong , Xiao Xianjie , Yin Xiaomeng , Gao Lianjun , Zhang Rongfeng , Dai Shiyu , Wang Nan , Zhang Duoduo , Dong Yingxue , Yang Yanzong , Xia Yunlong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtrioventricular node (AVN) ablation combined with His bundle pacing is an effective strategy for permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular rate refractory to pharmacological therapy. We aimed to access the feasibility and efficiency of His bundle pacing and AVN ablation guided by three‐dimensional (3‐D) mapping system throughout the procedure.MethodsEighteen patients with permanent AF with refractory rate and symptoms were referred for His bundle pacing and AVN ablation guided by 3‐D mapping (CARTO3). Electroanatomic 3‐D mapping of the right atrium and right ventricle was performed by the ablation catheter with CARTO 3 system, followed by the visualization of the leads for implantation and AVN ablation.ResultsImplantation of His bundle and ventricular leads and AVN ablation were achieved successfully with the help of 3‐D mapping in 17 patients. Selective His bundle pacing was achieved in five patients (29.4%), and the other (70.6%) were nonselective His bundle pacing. The mean procedure duration was 99.4 ± 16.4 minutes. The mean fluoroscopy time was 7.0 ± 2.6 minutes. The time spent on His lead implantation was 6.1 ± 3.2 minutes. One patient experienced AVN ablation from left side under aortic valves due to no effect of ablation in right atrium.ConclusionHis bundle pacing and AVN ablation guided by throughout real‐time 3‐D mapping system are of high‐efficiency and feasibility.
Osborn waves during therapeutic hypothermia and recurrence of fatal arrhythmia in patients resuscitated following sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Park Yoon Jung , Bae Myung Hwan , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Park Bo Eun , Kim Hong Nyun , Jang Se Yong , Lee Jang Hoon , Yang Dong Heon , Park Hun Sik , Cho Yongkeun , Chae Shung Chull 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the impact of the occurrence of Osborn waves during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) on the recurrence of future fatal arrhythmias in patients resuscitated after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).MethodsOf all survivors of out‐of‐hospital SCA, 100 consecutive patients (mean age, 52 ± 15 years; 80% men) who received TH were included in this study.ResultsThe most common first documented arrhythmia was ventricular fibrillation (VF) (77%), and ischemic heart disease (44%) and idiopathic VF (22%) were the most common causes of SCA in resuscitated patients. During TH, Osborn waves developed in 29 patients (29%). Osborn waves occurred more frequently in patients with Brugada syndrome. Patients with Osborn waves had lower in‐hospital (10.3% vs 26.8%; P = .072) and 1‐year death rates (20.7% vs 39.4%; P = .073) and better cerebral function (cerebral performance category scale, 2.0 ± 1.5 vs 2.7 ± 1.8; P = .053) than those without Osborn waves, although there was no statistical significance. Among 78 in‐hospital survivors, 31 (40%) underwent implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Appropriate ICD shocks from fatal arrhythmias were more frequent in patients who had Osborn waves than in those without Osborn waves (43% vs 6%; P = .032).ConclusionsOsborn waves during TH had no significant effect on the survival and cerebral function of patients resuscitated SCA. However, appropriate ICD shocks due to the recurrence of VF were more frequent in patients with Osborn waves during long‐term follow‐up.
The virtual visit: Using immersive technology to visit hospitals during social distancing and beyond
Authors: Dinh Andrew , Furukawa Louise , Caruso Thomas J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMedical trainees face substantial financial and scheduling burdens during the interview process at various levels of training. With current social distancing and travel restrictions in place, in‐person interviews now carry an additional health risk that make it difficult for training programs and applicants to conduct a thorough interview process. Virtual interviews and presentations are some of the technology‐driven solutions that have been accelerated in the current social context to mitigate financial burdens and health risks. By utilizing immersive technology to provide virtual tours of training sites, applicants have the opportunity to gain a comprehensive perspective before making the critical decision of where to continue their training. We provide our experiences with creating a 360‐degree virtual tour of our children's hospital and the methods for distribution to pediatric anesthesia fellowship applicants. Moving forward, training programs may consider immersive virtual tours as an alternative to face‐to‐face site visits to not only help alleviate the financial and scheduling burden for applicants but also to protect the well‐being of healthcare personnel and patients in the context of a global pandemic.
Non‐standard hepatic venous reconstruction in the setting of absent inferior vena cava in partial graft pediatric liver transplantation–A matched retrospective cohort study
Authors: Leal‐Leyte Pilar , Valamparampil Joseph , Thambithurai Ravikumar , Shanmugam Naresh P. , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Rela Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecipient cava may be unavailable for outflow reconstruction in some children undergoing liver transplantation (PLT) due to caval agenesis, tumor, or fibrotic caval occlusion. Non‐standard hepatic venous reconstruction (NHVR) with a direct veno‐caval anastomosis or neo‐cava reconstruction is necessary in such cases. Retrospective review of all PLT needing NHVR performed in our unit from January 2010 to September 2019 was performed. Outcomes of this group were compared to a 2:1 matched control group who underwent transplantation with standard piggyback technique. Fifteen children (4.9%) of 304 PLT recipients underwent NHVR. Caval agenesis in biliary atresia (n = 5, 33%) and hepatoblastoma infiltrating the cava (n = 4, 27%) were the commonest indications. Ten children had neo‐cava reconstruction, while 5 had direct anastomosis to the supra‐hepatic caval cuff or right atrium. One child had developed neo‐cava thrombosis without graft venous outflow obstruction in the post‐operative period. There was no significant difference in major morbidity, need for re‐operation (20% vs 16.7%; P = 1.00), hospital stay (24 days, vs 21 days; P = .32), graft & patient survival among the study and control groups. Absent or inadequate recipient cava during PLT with a partial liver graft can be safely managed with technical modifications. Results equivalent to standard piggyback implantation can be achieved.
Antibacterial Photodynamic Treatment of Porphyromonas gingivalis with Toluidine Blue O and a NonLaser Red Light Source Enhanced by Dihydroartemisinin
Authors: Ding Chao , Zhang Fengmin , Gao Yuwei , Li Yujun , Cheng Dechun , Wang Jielin , Mao Limin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn vitro experiments confirmed that antibacterial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) inactivates periodontal pathogens. However, more effective sterilization is needed in the complex oral environment. This study tested whether dihydroartemisinin (DHA) enhanced the photokilling effect of aPDT on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in planktonic and biofilm states. aPDT combining toluidine blue O (TBO) with 630 nm red light was performed on bacterial suspensions and biofilms in vitro with different final concentrations of DHA (10, 20 and 40 μg mL−1). The sensitization mechanism was preliminarily investigated by uptake experiments. The above experiments were repeated with different incubation times (30, 60, 120 s). Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms exhibited significantly higher resistance to aPDT than P. gingivalis in suspension under the same experimental parameters. DHA alone had no cytotoxic effect on P. gingivalis with or without light irradiation. In either bacterial suspensions or biofilms, DHA concentration‐dependently enhanced the photokilling effect of aPDT and increased TBO uptake by P. gingivalis. Prolonged incubation time enhanced the photokilling efficiency of aPDT until cellular TBO uptake reached saturation. DHA can enhance aPDT activity against P. gingivalis in planktonic and biofilm states. DHA also accelerated TBO uptake, reducing incubation time.
Role of Hypotaurine in Protection against UVA‐Induced Damage in Keratinocytes
Authors: Baseggio Conrado Alessia , Fanelli Sergio , McGuire Victoria Anne , Ibbotson Sally Helen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotoageing and skin cancer are major causes of morbidity and are a high cost to society. Interest in the development of photoprotective agents for inclusion in topical cosmetic and sunscreen products is profound. Recently, amino acids with a sulfinic group, notably hypotaurine, have been included as ingredients in cosmetic preparations. However, the mechanism of action of hypotaurine as a possible anti‐aging agent is unknown, despite its use as a free radical scavenger. To address this issue, we investigated hypotaurine uptake in a human keratinocyte model and examined its effect on UVR‐induced cytotoxicity. Hypotaurine was taken up by keratinocytes in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, with levels remaining significantly above baseline 48 h after washout. A cytoprotective effect of pre‐incubation with 2.5–5 mMhypotaurine was shown as indicated by increased cell viability when keratinocytes were irradiated with UVA at 5 or 10 Jcm‐2, with the level of hypotaurine also significantly reduced. These findings indicate a potential cytoprotective effect of hypotaurine against the deleterious effects of UVA irradiation. This provides support for further studies to evaluate the potential photoprotective benefits of hypotaurine supplementation of topical cosmetic and sunscreen products.