bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KADAR KOLINESTERASE DALAM DARAH PADA BURUH TANI
Authors: Tawakkalni Indah , . Winarko , Haidah Nur 
Published: February 2020

Pesticides in the agricultural sphere play an important role in controlling pests and weeds to protect agricultural products. Pesticides are toxic and dangerous materials, which can cause poisoning and environmental damage. This study aims to determine the effect of pesticide poisoning on farm workers.This study is an observational study that is analytical in nature using a cross sectional approach. The location used in this study was conducted in Takerharjo Village, Solokuro District, Lamongan Regency. The sample size in this study was 40 people who used pesticides and were willing to take blood. Data were collected through interviews and laboratory examinations and then processed and analyzed using the Fisher's exact test with the help of the SPSS statistical program.The results of the examination of cholinesterase levels in the blood of farm workers showed that 92.5% were normal or did not experience pesticide poisoning. The results of the Fisher's exact test showed that there was an influence on the level of knowledge of pesticide poisoning and there was an effect of using personal protective equipment on pesticide poisoning, whereas for other variables there was no effect on pesticide poisoning which included dosage use, spraying time, spraying frequency, working period.Suggestions for the community to hold discussions or outreach, use complete personal protective equipment, use the right dosage of pesticides, improve self-safety against symptoms of poisoning, hold periodic petroleum health checks, improve supervision of the use of pesticidesand need to do further research on other factors affect pesticide poisoning. Keywords: Factors, Pesticide, Poisoning, Farmer Labor
Early‐season grazing of native grasses offers potential profitable benefit
Authors: Rushing Jason Brett , Maples Joshua Gilchrist , Rivera John Daniel , Lyles Johnson Clay 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA grazing trial was conducted in Mississippi during 2016 and 2017 to compare pasture, animal, and economic performance of three perennial, warm‐season grass systems. Grass treatments included: (i) Argentine bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge; BAH); (ii) KY Ecotype big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman; BBS); and (iii), KY Ecotype indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], big bluestem and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash; MIX]. Paddocks were continuously stocked using weaned beef (Bos taurus) steers across three grazing intervals (I, II, and III) during late spring and summer. Pasture measurements included forage mass (FM) and nutritive value. Greatest FM was observed during grazing interval II in 2016 (931.70 kg ha–1). Nutritive values declined as the season progressed. The BAH had greater CP and TDN, and lower ADF and NDF concentrations than BBS and MIX in 2016. Differences were not as discernable in 2017. Greatest ADG were observed for BBS interval I in 2017 (1.34 kg d–1), MIX interval I 2017 (1.21 kg d–1), and BBS interval I 2016 (1.19 kg d–1). Beef yield per hectare (GAIN) was greatest for interval I across both years (464.78 kg ha–1). By species, GAIN was greatest for BBS in interval I (451.32 kg ha–1). For economic analysis, BBS had the lowest total annual pasture cost (US$142.65 ha–1), and had the greatest NET returns for 2016 ($268.96 ha–1) and 2017 ($249.98 ha–1). Implementing native warm‐season grasses (NWSG) in stocker cattle systems for early‐season grazing can be productive in Mississippi.
Spatiotemporal shading regulates anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin, and sucrose accumulation in black soybean seeds
Authors: Dennis Takpah , Li Xiaoman , Xiao Xinli , Deng Juncai , Ajayo Babatope Samuel , Long Xiyang , Zhang Qihui , Zhang Xiaowen , Hu Baoyu , Wang Xiaochun , Zhang Jing , Yang Wenyu , Liu Jiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe accumulation of soybean seed constituents such as anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin (PA), and sucrose is affected by various environmental stresses. Considerable information is available on the effects of different environmental stresses; however, the effect of shade at various development stages on the accumulation of the various seed constituents remains elusive. We investigated the effect of shade application on anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose contents at different seed development stages of two black soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] varieties. This study comprised two separate trials: maize–soybean relay intercropping (IC) and soybean monoculture. The shade treatments in the soybean monoculture trial comprised shade applications at whole growth stage, at vegetative stage (SV), and at reproductive stage (SR) and a no‐shade control. Anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose contents were analyzed from seeds obtained at development stages of full‐size seed (R6), physiological maturity (R7), full maturity, 95% mature pods on the plant (R8), and natural air dry (AD). Genotype, shade, and planting season and their interactions had a strong influence on anthocyanin, PA, and sucrose accumulation in soybean seeds at the different seed development stages. Among all the shade treatments, relay IC recorded the highest anthocyanin contents in 2017 (1.88 mg g−1) and 2018 (1.76 mg g−1) in AD seeds. In addition, the application of shade increased PA, and maximum PA (27.14 mg g−1) was obtained in the SV treatment at R6 stage. The overall best sucrose contents (6.14 mg g−1 in 2017 and 7.04 mg g−1 in 2018) were obtained in soybean seeds harvested at R8 under SV treatment.
Contrast‐enhanced spectral mammography: A potential exclusion diagnosis modality in dense breast patients
Authors: Qin Yun , Liu Ying , Zhang Xueqin , Zhao Shuang , Zhong Huanhuan , Huang Juan , Yu Jianqun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChina has an increasing burden of breast cancer. However, with a large population of dense breast patients, the diagnostic efficiency of conventional digital mammography is attenuated.MethodsFrom July 2017 to October 2018, we retrospectively reviewed 397 dense breast patients who underwent contrast‐enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in West China Hospital. Among them, 53 patients who had both CESM and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) results and 114 patients who had pathological diagnoses were finally enrolled. All images were reviewed by two independent radiologists according to the 2013 Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) with all disagreements handed to an associate professor for final decisions. Correlation analyses between CESM and DCE‐MRI were conducted. The diagnostic performance of CESM were investigated.ResultsThe kappa value of the BI‐RADS scores between CESM and DCE‐MRI was 0.607 (P < .001), indicating high correspondence between CESM and DCE‐MRI. As for lesion size measurement, moderate correlation (Kendall's tau coefficient: 0.556, P < .001) was detected between CESM and DCE‐MRI. Using pathological diagnoses as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of CESM were 82.4%, 96.4%, and 0.894, respectively.ConclusionCESM demonstrated excellent overall diagnostic accuracy and a moderate correlation in lesion size estimation against DCE‐MRI in dense breast patients, supporting it to be an alternative to DCE‐MRI in breast cancer detection and diagnosis, especially for exclusion diagnosis.
Secure image transmission through crypto‐OFDM system using Rubik's cube algorithm over an AWGN channel
Authors: Dharavathu Krishna , Mosa Anuradha 
Published: February 2020

SummaryConfidentiality of information must be maintained when it is required to be transmitted over a communication channel or when it is stored in a computer for further information access. Establishing a highly reliable and secure means of wireless communication for the transfer of digital data (text, images, audio, and video) from source to destination is becoming a prime requirement in present‐day wireless communications. Security can be achieved at the network level as well as at the data level. Data‐level security is made through cryptographic techniques. This paper emphasizes data‐level security aspects in a wireless communication system for the secure transmission of images over an AWGN channel condition. Here, a crypto orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system (crypto‐OFDM system) is designed using Rubik's cube encryption algorithm scheme for secured transmission of images under the MATLAB environment. The quality of the image transmission is analyzed using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and BER at different SNR conditions. The quality of the encryption algorithm was also tested with statistical metrics, which are the histogram, NPCR, UACI, entropy, correlation coefficient analysis, etc. The numerical results reveal that a DCT‐based crypto‐OFDM system with Rubik's cube algorithm show a better performance over earlier cryptosystems and also perform superior to the original/basic OFDM system. The statistical analysis tests prove that Rubik's cube algorithm is one of the most robust algorithms for security point of view and is easy to implement, as Rubik's cube algorithm makes use of natural characteristics of pixel values, which form the basis for designing the secret key.
The transition from hypertension to hypertensive heart disease and heart failure: the PREFERS Hypertension study
Authors: Ekström Mattias , Hellman Anna , Hasselström Jan , Hage Camilla , Kahan Thomas , Ugander Martin , Wallén Håkan , Persson Hans , Linde Cecilia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsDespite evidence‐based therapeutic approaches, target blood pressure is obtained by less than half of patients with hypertension. Hypertension is associated with a significant risk for heart failure, in particular heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although treatment is suggested to be given early after hypertension diagnosis, there is still no evidence‐based medical treatment for HFpEF. We aim to study the underlying mechanisms behind the transition from uncomplicated hypertension to hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and HFpEF. To this end, we will combine cardiac imaging techniques and measurements of circulating fibrosis markers to longitudinally monitor fibrosis development in patients with hypertension.Methods and resultsIn a prospective cohort study, 250 patients with primary hypertension and 60 healthy controls will be characterized at inclusion and after 1 and 6 years. Doppler echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and electrocardiogram will be used for measures of cardiac structure and function over time. Blood biomarkers reflecting myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction will be analysed. As a proxy for HFpEF development, the primary endpoint is to measure echocardiographic changes in LV function and structure (E/e′ and LAVI) and to relate these measures of LV filling to blood pressure, biomarkers, electrocardiogram, and cardiac magnetic resonance.ConclusionsWe aim to study the timeline and transition from uncomplicated hypertension to HHD and HFpEF. In order to identify subjects prone to develop HHD and HFpEF, we want to find biomarkers and cardiac imaging variables to explain disease progression. Ultimately, we aim at finding new pathways to prevent HFpEF.
A novel authentication and key‐agreement scheme for satellite communication network
Authors: Altaf Izwa , Arslan Akram Muhammad , Mahmood Khalid , kumari Saru , Xiong Hu , Khurram Khan Muhammad 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn these days, satellite communication networks are playing a significant role in facilitating the crucial infrastructural services that include environmental monitoring, electronic surveillance, public safety, intelligence operations for law enforcement, government agencies, and the military. However, security researchers have uncovered that many protocols for these satellite communication networks have some vulnerabilities and flaws that can allow remote attackers to intercept, block, and manipulate critical communication over the network. Therefore, in this article, we introduce an efficient and simple authentication key agreement protocol for securing mobile satellite communication systems. Our proposed protocol resists against denial of service, smart‐card stolen, replay, user impersonation, and stolen verifier attack. Furthermore, our protocol provides various functionality features like perfect‐forward secrecy, mutual‐authentication, dynamic identity, and session‐key agreement. Moreover, the performance analysis of our protocol shows that the communication and computation cost of the proposed protocol is far less than the existing protocols. Hence, our proposed protocol offers simple, efficient, secure authentication, and key agreement for mobile satellite systems.
Molecular insights into the coding region mutations of low‐density lipoprotein receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1) linked to familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Shaik Noor A. , Al‐Qahtani Faten , Nasser Khalidah , Jamil Kaiser , Alrayes Nuha Mohammad , Elango Ramu , Awan Zuhier Ahmed , Banaganapalli Babajan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a lipid disorder caused by pathogenic mutations in LDLRAP1 gene. The present study has aimed to deepen our understanding about the pathogenicity predictions of FH causative genetic mutations, as well as their relationship to phenotype changes in LDLRAP1 protein, by utilizing multidirectional computational analysis.MethodsFH linked LDLRAP1 mutations were mined from databases, and the prediction ability of several pathogenicity classifiers against these clinical variants, was assessed through different statistical measures. Furthermore, these mutations were 3D modelled in protein structures to assess their impact on protein phenotype changes.ResultsOur findings suggest that Polyphen‐2, when compared with SIFT, M‐CAP and CADD tools, can make better pathogenicity predictions for FH causative LDLRAP1 mutations. Through, 3D simulation and superimposition analysis of LDLRAP1 protein structures, it was found that missense mutations do not create any gross changes in the protein structure, although they could induce subtle structural changes at the level of amino acid residues. Near native molecular dynamic analysis revealed that missense mutations could induce variable degrees of fluctuation differences guiding the protein flexibility. Stability analysis showed that most missense mutations shifts the free energy equilibrium and hence they destabilize the protein. Molecular docking analysis demonstrates the molecular shifts in hydrogen and ionic bonds and Van der waals bonding properties, which further cause differences in the binding energy of LDLR‐LDLRAP1 proteins.ConclusionsThe diverse computational approaches used in the present study may provide a new dimension for exploring the structure–function relationship of the novel and deleterious LDLRAP1 mutations linked to FH.
Looping Star fMRI in Cognitive Tasks and Resting State
Authors: Dionisio‐Parra Beatriz , Wiesinger Florian , Sämann Philipp G. , Czisch Michael , Solana Ana Beatriz 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundConventional T2*‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is performed with echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequences that create substantial acoustic noise. The loud acoustic noise not only affects the activation of the auditory cortex, but may also interfere with resting state and task fMRI experiments.PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of a novel, quiet, T2*, whole‐brain blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD)‐fMRI method, termed Looping Star, compared to conventional multislice gradient‐echo EPI.Study TypeProspective.Phantom/SubjectsGlover stability QA phantom; 10 healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T: gradient echo (GE)‐EPI and T2* Looping Star fMRI.AssessmentLooping Star fMRI was presented and compared to GE‐EPI with a working memory (WM) task and resting state (RS) experiments. Temporal stability and acoustic measurements were obtained for both methods. Functional maps and activation accuracy were compared to evaluate the performance of the novel sequence.Statistical TestsMean and standard deviation values were analyzed for temporal stability and acoustic noise tests. Activation maps were assessed with one‐sample t‐tests and contrast estimates (CE). Paired t‐tests and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) were used to compare fMRI sensitivity and performance.ResultsLooping Star presented a 98% reduction in sound pressure compared with GE‐EPI, with stable temporal stability (0.09% percent fluctuation), but reduced temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR) (mean difference = 15.9%). The novel method yielded consistent activations for RS and WM (83.4% and 69.5% relative BOLD sensitivity), which increased with task difficulty (mean CE 2‐back = 0.56 vs. 0‐back = 0.08, P < 0.05). A few differences in spatial activations were found between sequences, leading to a 4–8% lower activation accuracy with Looping Star.Data ConclusionLooping Star provides a suitable approach for whole‐brain coverage with sufficient spatiotemporal resolution and BOLD sensitivity, with only 0.5 dB above ambient noise. From the comparison with GE‐EPI, further developments of Looping Star fMRI should target increased sensitivity and spatial specificity for both RS and task experiments.Level of Evidence2.Technical Efficacy Stage1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:739–751.
An SERS analytical protocol for characterizing native Japanese plant extracts
Authors: Kato Kana , Doherty Brenda , Degano Ilaria , Sabatini Francesca , Miliani Costanza , Romani Aldo , Ito Ken , Brunetti Brunetto G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe identification of natural dyes in ancient textiles is a longstanding challenge for scientists; yet, the effort honours the skill and knowledge of master dyers by retracing traditional dyeing methods and assisting in conserving historical treasures for future generations. Here, the main constituents of selected native Japanese extracts from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Scutellaria baicalensis, the barks of Phellodendron amurense and Morella rubra, the dried flower bud of Syzygium aromataticum, and the fruit of Terminalia chebula are determined by surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy following traditional Japanese extraction methods. The analytical amalgamation of data from SERS examinations on crude extracts and on subsequently refiltered and diluted extracts provides further effective and sensitive results for the combined identification of napthoquinones (shikonin and alkanin), alkaloid (berberine), polyhydroxyflavonoids (baicalin/baicalein, myricetin/myricitrin), diarylheptanoids, allylbenzene (eugenol), and tannins (gallic/ellagic acid). The comparison of results from this analytical protocol with those achieved by the more traditional chromatographic and mass spectrometric method provides and questions data regarding generally accepted marker components and enantioselective discriminations that serve to enrich the database of biological sources of colouring materials to be used in determining historically important Japanese colorants and dyestuffs.
Gene expression profile suggesting immunological dysregulation in two Brazilian Bloom's syndrome cases
Authors: Montenegro Marilia M. , Quaio Caio R. , Palmeira Patricia , Gasparini Yanca , Rangel‐Santos Andreia , Damasceno Julian , Novak Estela M. , Gimenez Thamires M. , Yamamoto Guilherme L. , Ronjo Rachel S. , Novo‐Filho Gil M. , Chehimi Samar N. , Zanardo Evelin A. , Dias Alexandre T. , Nascimento Amom M. , Costa Thais V. M. M. , Duarte Alberto J. da S. , Coutinho Luiz L. , Kim Chong A. , Kulikowski Leslie D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundBloom syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive chromosome instability disorder. The main clinical manifestations are growth deficiency, telangiectasic facial erythema, immunodeficiency, and increased risk to develop neoplasias at early age. Cytogenetic test for sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) is used as a diagnostic marker for BS. In addition, most patients also present mutations in the BLM gene, related to defects in the DNA repair mechanism. However, the molecular mechanism behind the pathogenicity of BS is still not completely understood.MethodsWe describe two patients confirmed with BS by SCE and molecular analysis. Also, we performed the gene expression profile by the RNA‐seq methodology in mRNA transcripts for differential gene expression analysis using as a biological condition for comparison BS versus health controls.ResultsWe detected 216 differentially expressed genes related to immunological pathways such as positive regulation and activation of B cells, immune effector process and absence of difference of DNA repair genes expression. In addition; we also observed differentially expressed genes associated with apoptosis control, such as BCL2L1, CASP7, CDKN1A, E2F2, ITPR, CD274, TNFAIP6, TNFRSF25, TNFRSF13C, and TNFRSF17.ConclusionOur results suggest that the combination of altered expression of genes involved in signaling pathways of immune response and apoptosis control may contribute directly to the main characteristics observed in BS, such as recurrent infections, growth failure, and high risk of cancer. Transcriptome studies of other instability syndromes could allow a more accurate analysis of the relevant gene interactions associated with the destabilization of the genome. This is a first description of the profile of differential gene expression related to immunological aspects detected in patients with BS by RNA‐seq.
Personal growth initiative and posttraumatic stress among survivors of transportation accidents: Mixture modeling indicating changes in group membership over time
Authors: Shigemoto Yuki , Robitschek Christine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe current study explored subgroups in reported personal growth initiative (PGI) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and examined the changes in class memberships among survivors of a transportation accident. Participants at Time 1 were 602 adults who reported directly experiencing a transportation accident within the past year (Mmonths = 6.36; SDmonths = 3.20). Of these participants, 171 adults completed the follow‐up survey after 3 months (Time 2). Finite mixture modeling was conducted to identify the heterogeneity of PTSS in relation with PGI at each time point. At Time 1, a four‐class model was the best‐fitting model, and at Time 2, a three‐class model was the best‐fitting model. As hypothesized, when examined cross‐sectionally, various subgroups were identified at each time point, finding subgroups with moderate to high levels of PGI but differing in their PTSS. However, when examining the longitudinal changes in class membership from Time 1 to Time 2, members of subgroups with higher PGI skills at Time 1 were more likely to be assigned to subgroups with lower PTSS at Time 2. The current study suggests a potential application of PGI skills in alleviating PTSS after a transportation accident and having a critical role in adjustment after hardship.
Genspezifische Therapieansätze bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit und anderen Tauopathien
Authors: Feneberg E. , Otto M. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Alzheimer-Krankheit ist pathologisch durch die Aggregation und Akkumulation von Amyloid-β und Protein Tau gekennzeichnet. Bisher war das Ziel der meisten Interventionsstudien die toxischen Proteinprodukte zum Beispiel durch die Immunisierung mit Antikörpern gegen Tau und Amyloid-β zu reduzieren. In den letzten Jahren sind jedoch Möglichkeiten entstanden, direkt auf die Entstehung dieser Proteinprodukte einzuwirken. Dabei werden Antisense-Oligonukleotide (ASO) eingesetzt, die die Proteintranslation pathologischer Alzheimer-Gene hemmen und damit frühzeitig auf die Krankheitsentwicklung Einfluss nehmen. Unser Beitrag fasst den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung ASO-basierter Therapiestrategien bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit zusammen.