bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secrecy outage probability of inter‐vehicular cognitive radio networks
Authors: Ata Serdar Özgür , Erdogan Eylem 
Published: November 2019

SummaryHerein, we consider an underlay cognitive radio network (CRN) where mobile secondary user wishes to transmit a confidential information to the secondary destination in the presence of an illegitimate eavesdropper which is trying to steal the classified message signal. The proposed scenario can be viable for a secondary safety task force working with a primary regiment, which wishes to transmit the confidential information to the commander while an eavesdropper is trying to intercept the classified information. In the analysis, two novel power allocation methods are considered by assuming perfect and limited feedback channels of the primary network, and for both methods, exact and asymptotic expressions of secrecy outage probability (SOP) are derived for N*Nakagami‐m fading channels which are used to model fading channels such as mobile‐to‐mobile/vehicle‐to‐vehicle communication systems where the nodes are moving into a rich scattering environment. We further verified our analytic results through Monte‐Carlo simulations. It is shown from the numerical results that the cascading degree of the channels has a worsening effect on the secrecy outage performance of the CRN systems.
No evidence for early fitness penalty in glyphosate‐resistant biotypes of Conyza canadensis: Common garden experiments in the absence of glyphosate
Authors: Beres Zachery T. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Snow Allison A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStrong selection from herbicides has led to the rapid evolution of herbicide‐resistant weeds, greatly complicating weed management efforts worldwide. In particular, overreliance on glyphosate, the active ingredient in RoundUp®, has spurred the evolution of resistance to this herbicide in ≥40 species. Previously, we reported that Conyza canadensis (horseweed) has evolved extreme resistance to glyphosate, surviving at 40× the original 1× effective dosage. Here, we tested for underlying fitness effects of glyphosate resistance to better understand whether resistance could persist indefinitely in this self‐pollinating, annual weed. We sampled seeds from a single maternal plant (“biotype”) at each of 26 horseweed populations in Iowa, representing nine susceptible biotypes (S), eight with low‐level resistance (LR), and nine with extreme resistance (ER). In 2016 and 2017, we compared early growth rates and bolting dates of these biotypes in common garden experiments at two sites near Ames, Iowa. Nested ANOVAs showed that, as a group, ER biotypes attained similar or larger rosette size after 6 weeks compared to S or LR biotypes, which were similar to each other in size. Also, ER biotypes bolted 1–2 weeks earlier than S or LR biotypes. These fitness‐related traits also varied among biotypes within the same resistance category, and time to bolting was inversely correlated with rosette size across all biotypes. Disease symptoms affected 40% of all plants in 2016 and 78% in 2017, so we did not attempt to measure lifetime fecundity. In both years, the frequency of disease symptoms was greatest in S biotypes and similar in LR versus ER biotypes. Overall, our findings indicate there are no early growth penalty and possibly no lifetime fitness penalty associated with glyphosate resistance, including extremely strong resistance. We conclude that glyphosate resistance is likely to persist in horseweed populations, with or without continued selection pressure from exposure to glyphosate.
Burrowing behavior and burrowing energetics of a bioindicator under human disturbance
Authors: Gül Mustafa R. , Griffen Blaine D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Bioindicator species are extensively used for rapid assessment of ecological changes. Their use commonly focuses on changes in population abundance and individual sizes in response to environmental change. These numerical and demographic shifts likely have behavioral and physiological mechanistic drivers that, if understood, could provide additional insights into the use of these species as bioindicators of habitat health.

The Atlantic ghost crab, Ocypode quadrata, is a global bioindicator species of human disturbance on sandy shores. Individual size and population abundance of O. quadrata decline dramatically at sites with human disturbance, and the causes of this phenomenon remain unclear.

Here, we test the hypothesis that individual and population‐level changes at disturbed sites reflect changes in burrowing behavior and energetics. Specifically, we examine whether or not the burrowing behavior (e.g., burrow fidelity and longevity) of O. quadrata changes because of human disturbance. We also examine energy required for burrowing by O. quadrata across different levels of human disturbance.

We show that O. quadrata have the highest burrow fidelity and longevity at sites with low level of human impact, and weakest burrow fidelity and longevity at pristine sites. O. quadrata reduce the burrowing energy allocation by manipulating the burrow dimension and increasing the burrow longevity even under low levels of human disturbance.

Overall, this study shows that human disturbances not only change the behavior of organisms, but also shift energetic balance. Our results support the use of a bioenergetic approach to better understand how human disturbances influence natural populations, and the specific use of this approach with this bioindicator species.
Serum C‐peptide and osteocalcin levels in children with recently diagnosed diabetes
Authors: Sabek Omaima M. , Redondo Maria J. , Nguyen Duc T. , Beamish Christine A. , Fraga Daniel W. , Hampe Christiane S. , Mulukutla Surya N. , Graviss Edward A. , Gaber A. Osama 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe explored the association of C‐peptide (marker of secreted insulin), proinsulin and proinsulin ⁄C‐peptide ratio (PI/C) (markers of beta‐cell endoplasmic reticulum [ER] stress) with undercarboxylated (uOC) and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) and their ratio (uOC/cOC) in children with recently diagnosed type 1 (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the correlation of these variables with partial remission (PR) in children with T1D.MethodsDemographic and clinical data of children with new‐onset diabetes (n = 68; median age = 12.2 years; 33.8% non‐Hispanic White, 45.6% Hispanic/Latino, 16.2% African American and 4.4% other) were collected at diagnosis and during the first (V1), second (V2) and third clinical visits at 9.0, 32.0 and 175.7 weeks, respectively. Serum proinsulin, C‐peptide, uOC and cOC values were measured 7.0 weeks after diagnosis. PR was defined as insulin dose–adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c) ≤9.ResultsIn children with new‐onset T1D with DKA (33.3%) or T2D (29.4%), Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed a positive association between the C‐peptide levels and both uOC and uOC/cOC ratio. In T1D (n = 48), both higher serum C‐peptide levels and low PI:C ratio were associated with higher BMI percentile (β = 0.02, P = .001; β = −0.01, P = .02, respectively) and older age at diagnosis (β = 0.13, P = .001; β = −0.12, P = .001, respectively). Furthermore, in children with T1D, C‐peptide levels at V1 correlated with IDAA1c ≤ 9 at V1 (P = .04).ConclusionC‐peptide levels are associated with a higher uOC and uOC/cOC ratio in paediatric diabetes. In new‐onset T1D children, older age and higher BMI were associated with lower beta‐cell stress and higher preserved function, which was predictive of PR on follow‐up.
Bottom‐up or top‐down?: The role of child and parent chronic pain and anxiety in the context of parental catastrophizing and solicitousness
Authors: Wallrath Maren K. , Rubel Julian , Ohls Isgard , Demiralay Cüneyt , Hechler Tanja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeChildren of parents with chronic pain are a high‐risk group to develop own chronic pain. There is evidence that parental responses such as catastrophizing and solicitousness play an important role in the familial transmission of chronic pain. However, little is known about factors that modulate these responses. Based on the literature, we assumed that top‐down processes, such as parent chronic pain and anxiety, would be associated with increased catastrophizing and solicitousness. Bottom‐up processes, such as child chronic pain and anxiety, were assumed to moderate this association.MethodsN = 118 parents (mean age: 43 years, 80.5% females) with chronic pain and/or anxiety symptoms with N = 190 children (mean age: 11 years, 49% females) were recruited in specialized hospitals and via online panels. Parents reported chronic pain, anxiety, catastrophizing and solicitousness by use of validated questionnaires. Child pain and anxiety were assessed via parent report.ResultsMultilevel model results showed that top‐down processes, rather than bottom‐up processes, predicted parental responses to child’s pain. Specifically, parents with more severe chronic pain reported less catastrophizing. Parent anxiety was positively associated with parental catastrophizing and solicitousness. While child chronic pain and anxiety did not exert an impact on parental responses, the parents’ and child’s age emerged as additional modulating factors for parental solicitousness.ConclusionFindings support the assumption that top‐down processes, particularly parent anxiety, rather than bottom‐up processes, exert an impact on parental responses. Specific interventions to decrease parent anxiety in the context of chronic pain and effects of adult treatment on parental responses to child’s pain warrant further investigation.SignificanceThis study increases our knowledge on modulating factors on maladaptive parental reactions such as parental pain‐related catastrophizing towards their children in pain. According to our findings, it is not the child variables, that is (parental perception of) child chronic pain or anxiety that modulate parental reactions but parent factors, particularly parent anxiety. Thus, parent anxiety should be regularly assessed and addressed during pain treatment of adult populations, and in interventional studies in children with chronic pain and their parents with chronic pain and anxiety symptoms.
Cylinder‐based hybrid rotary nanogenerator for harvesting rotational energy from axles and self‐powered tire pressure monitoring
Authors: He Jian , Cao Shengli , Zhang Hulin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTire pressure monitoring plays a pivotal role in vehicle safety system. However, as a conventional battery‐operated electronic system, regularly replacing battery remains a great inconvenience in wide‐distributed tire pressure sensing. Here, we introduce a self‐powered tire pressure monitor by using a rotary cylinder‐based hybrid nanogenerator as a sustainable power source. The designed energy harvester, by hybridizing a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG), can scavenge rotational energy from rolling axles. Integrating with transformers, the hybrid nanogenerator can achieve an open‐circuit voltage of 16 V and short‐circuit current of 0.1 mA at the rotation rate of 150 rpm, respectively, with the maximal output power of about 1.8 mW at the loading of 20 kΩ. Via a programmable software, the hybrid device can operate as a self‐powered counter and timer for potential speed detecting. Further, it has been demonstrated that the hybrid nanogenerator is capable of triggering a transmitter‐integrated tire pressure sensor for self‐powered monitoring tire pressure in real time. This study expands applications based on TENGs in automobile engineering, which might promote the development of intelligent driving and traffic safety engineering.
Path‐flow matching: Two‐sided matching and multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for traffic scheduling in cloud data* center network
Authors: Tan Lizhuang , Su Wei , Gao Shuai , Miao Jingying , Cheng Yuan , Cheng Peng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImproving the operational efficiency of data center has always been an important direction for the development of ICT. In this paper, we apply two‐sided matching decision‐making process in game theory to traffic scheduling problem in data center network. From the perspective of matching between flow and path, the traffic scheduling is properly arranged. We first propose and model the path‐flow matching problem, considering the preference ordering, then formulate the problem as a multiobjective optimization problem with the target to ensure the stability and satisfaction from the matching scheme, and design a preference‐based path‐flow ordering method Extended PIAS, and finally propose a lightweight scheduling algorithm LinkGame based on multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. Compared with the previous scheduling methods (ECMP, Hedera, and Fincher), experiment results demonstrate that LinkGame can simultaneously consider the stability and satisfaction of the matching results, with improved bandwidth utilization and flow completion time.
Toward energy‐efficient data management design for sustainable cities and societies
Authors: Babar Muhammad , Javaid Sabeen , Saeed Khattak Akmal , Ali Amjad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDemanding continues communication and diverse interaction between various devices is witnessed over Internet as we probe into Internet of Things (IoT). The sustainable cities are designed based on the concept of IoT. IoT devices consume enormous energy continuously, which needs to be managed efficiently. The efficiency of energy is based on the optimization of the energy infrastructures. In addition, heterogeneous devices in sustainable cities produce enormous data. This huge data needs to be processed and analyzed along with smart energy management to achieve smart decisions. The planning is starting to be realistic through the quantity of data provided in sustainable cities. In this porch, the objective is to illustrate the data generated in sustainable cities in real time. To deal with the aforementioned requirements, this work demonstrates a novel architecture that spotlights the ecology of sustainable cities comprised of sensors, cameras, and other objects along with energy management (eg, Internet of Energy). The proposed system is a layered architecture composed of data collection and energy management, data computation, and decision‐making layers. Energy‐efficient clustering algorithm and optimized sleeping scheduling methods are utilized in the first layer to collect data from IoT devices with regard to energy management. The second layer is responsible for computation of data resourcefully along with energy efficiency. The third layer is used to provide valuable insights and make intelligent decisions. The architecture is verified with reliable datasets related to smart parking using IoT devices to test and reveal the effectiveness. The assessments disclose that the proposed scheme presents precious insights in the context of energy efficiency in sustainable cities and societies.
Comparison between optical microscopy and the Sysmex XN‐3000 for schistocyte determination in patients suspected of having schistocytosis
Authors: Hantaweepant Chattree , Sasijareonrat Natthaporn , Chutvanichkul Boonyanuch , Karaketklang Khemajira , Chinthammitr Yingyong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsDiagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) relies on microscopic schistocyte determination by an experienced microscopist. In addition, schistocytes can be found in non‐TMA–related disorders such as thalassaemia. We aimed to compare the accuracy of the automated haematology analyser Sysmex XN‐3000 for schistocyte detection, to that of the microscopy approach, in patients suspected of having schistocytosis.MethodsConsecutive blood samples were collected between April 2016 and March 2017 at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Specimens were collected from adults with suspected TMA or with thalassaemia trait and/or disease. All blood samples were examined by both microscopy and the analyser. Samples were considered to be positive for schistocytes (ie, schistocytosis) if they had a schistocyte count ≥1% by microscopy. The analyser's ability to determine schistocytosis was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of an appropriate cut‐off point were calculated, with manual microscopy as the standard. Quantitative agreement in schistocyte counts between the two approaches was assessed using 95% limits of agreement, Bland‐Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficient, and concordance correlation coefficient.ResultsNinety‐seven blood samples (62 suspected TMA and 35 thalassaemia) were collected. ROC curve analysis of the analyser for determining schistocytosis showed an area under the curve of 0.803 (95% confidence interval, 0.689‐0.917, P < 0.001). A cut‐off point of 0.6% yielded 86.1% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity, 94.4% PPV, and 56.0% NPV. The automated schistocyte count did not quantitatively agree with schistocyte counts by microscopy, neither in all blood specimens (mean of difference: −1.09; 95% limits of agreement, −11.9 to 9.7) nor in the subgroups (TMA, −0.88; 95% limits of agreement, −6.60 to 4.84; thalassaemia, −2.4; 95% limits of agreement, −14.10 to 9.30). The differences in the estimation of fragmented red blood cells between the methods tended to increase at higher schistocyte counts.ConclusionSysmex XN‐3000 can be used for qualitative measurement of schistocytosis, but should not be used as a quantitative tool for schistocyte counting. Improvements are needed before this analyser's schistocyte detection feature can be recommended for use in clinical practice.
High P4HA1 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival and recurrent‐free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qun , Shen Zhisen , Wu Zhenhua , Shen Yi , Deng Hongxia , Zhou Chongchang , Liu Huigao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundProlyl 4‐hydroxylase subunit alpha 1 (P4HA1) plays a critical role in modulating the extracellular matrix and promoting tumor progression in various cancers. However, the association between P4HA1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.MethodsP4HA1 mRNA and protein expression in cancer and normal tissues were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus, and Human Protein Atlas databases. Quantitative PCR was applied to determine P4HA1 mRNA expression levels in 162 paired HNSCC and adjacent normal tissues. The cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics was utilized to explore P4HA1 genetic alterations in HNSCC. Then, KEGG analysis of P4HA1 co‐expressed genes in HNSCC was conducted using ClueGo in Cytoscape.ResultsP4HA1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in HNSCC tissues compared with normal tissues. High P4HA1 expression in HNSCC tissues was significantly associated with tumor category, lymphatic metastasis and pathological stage. The area under summary receiver operating characteristic curve of TCGA and validation cohort was 0.887 and 0.883, respectively. Moreover, elevated P4HA1 expression was associated with unfavorable OS (HR: 1.728, P = .001) and RFS (HR: 2.025, P = .002) in HNSCC patients.ConclusionsThis integrated analysis provides strong evidence that increasing P4HA1 expression is significantly associated with the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. Additionally, high P4HA1 expression serves as both diagnostic biomarker and independent prognostic factor for poor OS and RFS in HNSCC patients.
Stereoselective aziridination of imines via ammonium ylides: A molecular electron density theory study
Authors: Jalali Hamideh , Hosseini Seyed Javad , Ali‐Asgari Safa , Izadi Nia Jafar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe highly trans‐stereoselective reaction of ammonium salt (AS 2) toward (E)‐N‐benzylidene‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonamide (IM 4) in the presence of Na2CO3 leading to an aziridine derivative, trans‐Az 6, was theoretically studied using Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) computational level to probe energy transformation, selectivities, and molecular mechanism. The reaction starts by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between 1,4‐diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and phenacyl bromide (PB) to form AS 2 which undergoes a proton abstraction by Na2CO3 to produce Ammonium Ylide (AY 3). Subsequently, nucleophilic addition of AY 3 to the double bond in IM 4 leads to form a betaine‐like intermediate, namely, IN‐Ta which named IN‐Ta. Finally, trans‐Az 6 is produced as a result of the nucleophilic attack of the negatively charged nitrogen atom on the carbon atom bearing DABCO in IN‐Ta. Analysis of the relative Gibbs free energies shows that the ring closure step is the rate‐determining step (RDS). By an investigation of the conceptual density functional theory, CDFT reactivity indices AY 3 and IM 4 are classified as a strong nucleophilic molecular system and as a strong electrophilic molecular system, respectively, which implies that the addition step of AY 3 to IM 4 has a high polar character. An analysis of the calculated electrophilic and nucleophilic Parr functions at the reactive sites of reagents clarifies the regioselectivity observed experimentally within the C1–C2 bond creation process.
Time‐lagged correlations associated with interannual variations of pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon precipitation in Myanmar and the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Chhin Rattana , Shwe Myint M. , Yoden Shigeo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe time‐lagged correlations of monthly precipitation in Myanmar and the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) with several climate indices were investigated by using Global Precipitation Climatology Centre dataset after checking its quality with rain‐gauge data. The results showed significant time‐lagged correlations of several climate indices related to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and El Niño Modoki with precipitation anomalies in Southern Myanmar during pre‐monsoon (April) and post‐monsoon (October) months. Composite analysis of extremes and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis on precipitation variations over the whole ICP for these 2 months were carried out. The analyses showed a good association between precipitation in Southern Myanmar and a large‐scale precipitation structure that affects the Southern Myanmar and ICP simultaneously during these 2 months. An analysis of moisture flux over a wide area of ICP, including the surrounding seas, showed that the regressed variability of its convergence with the first principal component (PC1) of EOF analysis on precipitation over the whole ICP is statistically significant over the wide area from the Bay of Bengal to Southern ICP and South China Sea for the 2 months. The significant time‐lagged correlations were confirmed by regressing sea surface temperature (SST) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans and 850‐hPa zonal wind (U850) upon the PC1. We propose an area‐averaged SST, U850, or the combination of these variables at each corresponding best location in the equatorial region to the highest correlation searched in this study as a good predictor for long‐range statistical prediction of monthly precipitation in the southern part of ICP, particularly for the pre‐monsoon month. Using a linear model and the proposed predictors, we demonstrate a successful hindcast in predicting the pre‐monsoon and post‐monsoon precipitation in the southern part of ICP (south of 20 N) up to 6 and 3 months ahead, respectively.