bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time domain hybrid method for the coupling of two wires above the ground excited by electromagnetic pulses
Authors: Huan Rui , Liao Cheng , Ye Zhihong , Luo Jie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo efficiently solve the coupling problems of two wires above the ground excited by incident electromagnetic pulses, a time domain hybrid method consisting of transmission line (TL) equations, finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and a fast calculation approach to the excitation fields of the wires is presented. In this hybrid method, a novel coupling model of the two wires is established by the TL equations firstly, which is suitable for arbitrary heights of the two wires and for considering influences of the ground on distributed parameters of the two wires. Then, due to the obviously infinite dimension of the ground, a fast calculation approach is utilized to obtain the excitation fields of the wires to avoid modeling the ground directly. Finally, the FDTD method is adopted to discretize the TL equations to calculate the transient responses at the termination loads of the two wires. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid method. It shows that this method can tremendously decrease the memory requirement and computation time, compared with the full‐wave method. The applicability of this method in fast coupling analysis of long two wires with arbitrary heights above the ground excited by multiple electromagnetic pulses is verified.
Microdosimetric characterization of clinical carbon‐ion beams using synthetic diamond detectors and spectral conversion methods
Authors: Magrin Giulio , Verona Claudio , Ciocca Mario , Marinelli Marco , Mastella Edoardo , Stock Marcus , Verona‐Rinati Gianluca 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo investigate for the first time the potentialities of obtaining microdosimetric measurements in scanned clinical carbon‐ion beams using synthetic single crystal diamond detector and to verify the spectral conversion methods.MethodsMicrodosimetric measurements were performed at different depths in a water phantom at the therapeutic scanned carbon‐ion beam of the National Center of Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) in Pavia, using waterproof encapsulated diamond microdosimeter developed at “Tor Vergata” University. A monoenergetic carbon‐ion beam of 195 MeV/μ scanned over a square field of 2 × 2 cm2 was used. Experimental microdosimetric spectra were compared with those obtained with a propane‐filled Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counters (TEPCs) microdosimeter in the same facility at the same conditions. To this purpose, the spectra in diamond were converted to the spectra that would have been collected with a propane‐filled cylindrical sensitive volume by means of a novel analytic methodology, recently developed at MedAustron.ResultsThe microdosimetric spectra acquired by the diamond microdosimeter show different shapes in the 10 keV µm−1 ÷ 103 keV µm−1 lineal‐energy range at different water depths. In spite of the high counting rate, no spectral distortion, due to pile‐up events and polarization effects, were observed. The experimental spectra have a low detection threshold of about 6 keV µm−1 due to the electronic noise in the irradiation room. The comparison between the spectra converted to propane from diamond detector and the spectra collected directly with propane‐filled TEPC shows a good agreement in the whole lineal‐energy range. Furthermore this comparison confirms that diamond detector response is LET independent. The frequency‐ and dose‐mean lineal energy values were also assessed for all spectra. The frequency‐mean values obtained with diamond microdosimeter at different depths scales rather well with the absorbed dose values.ConclusionsMicrodosimetric characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in high‐energy scanned carbon‐ion beams was performed. The results of the present study showed that this detector is suitable for microdosimetry of clinical carbon ion beams. In addition, the good agreement between the converted diamond spectra and those obtained with TEPC provides the first experimental validation of the spectra conversion methodologies as valuable tools for the comparison of spectra collected with different detectors.
Lactate measurement by neurochemical profiling in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 7T: accuracy, precision, and relaxation times
Authors: Dehghani Masoumeh , Do Kim Q. , Magistretti Pierre , Xin Lijing 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThis assesses the potential of measuring lactate in the human brain using three non‐editing MRS methods at 7T and compares the accuracy and precision of the methods.Methods1H MRS data were measured in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex using a semi‐adiabatic spin‐echo full‐intensity acquired localized sequence with three different protocols: (I) TE = 16 ms, (II) TE = 110 ms, and (III) TE = 16 ms, TI = 300 ms. T1 and T2 relaxation times of lactate were also measured. Simulated spectra were generated for three protocols with known concentrations, using a range of spectral linewidths and SNRs to assess the effect of data quality on the measurement precision and accuracy.ResultsLactate was quantified in all three protocols with mean Cramér‐Rao lower bound of 8% (I), 13% (II), and 7% (III). The T1 and T2 relaxation times of lactate were 1.9 ± 0.2 s and 94 ± 13 ms, respectively. Simulations predicted a spectral linewidth‐associated underestimation of lactate measurement. Simulations, phantom and in vivo results showed that protocol II was most affected by this underestimation. In addition, the estimation error was insensitive to a broad range of spectral linewidth with protocol I. Within‐session coefficient of variances of lactate were 6.1 ± 7.9% (I), 22.3 ± 12.3% (II), and 5.1 ± 5.4% (III), respectively.ConclusionWe conclude that protocols I and III have the potential to measure lactate at 7T with good reproducibility, whereas the measurement accuracy and precision depend on spectral linewidth and SNR, respectively. Moreover, simulation is valuable for the optimization of measurement protocols in future study design and the correction for measurement bias.
MiRNAs as biomarkers of phenotype in neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy
Authors: Pegoraro Valentina , Missaglia Sara , Marozzo Roberta , Tavian Daniela , Angelini Corrado 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeutral lipid storage disease with myopathy (NLSDM) is a rare lipid metabolism disorder. In this study, we evaluated some circulating miRNAs levels in serum samples and the MRI of three affected siblings.MethodsThree members of one NLSDM family were identified: two brothers and one sister. Muscles of lower and right upper extremities were studied by MRI. Expression profile of miRNAs, obtained from serum samples, was detected using qRT‐PCR.ResultsTwo brothers presented with progressive skeletal myopathy, while the sister had severe hepatosteatosis and diabetes. NLSDM patients showed a significant increase of muscle‐specific miRNAs expression compared with healthy subjects. We found a correlation between hepatic damage and elevation of miRNAs expression profile of liver origin.ConclusionsThe dysregulation of miRNAs might represent an indicator of skeletal and hepatic damage and it might be useful to monitor the progression of NLSDM.
Enuretic children have a higher variability in REM sleep when comparing their sleep parameters with nonenuretic control children using a wearable sleep tracker at home
Authors: Collier Ellen , Varon Carolina , Van Huffel Sabine , Bogaert Guy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeThat children with nocturnal enuresis (“bedwetting”) are deep sleepers is a fact that their parents often state when asking for advice. However, until today no clear difference in sleep has been observed between children who do and do not wet the bed. This study investigates the difference in sleep parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) between enuretic and control children in their home setting by using a wearable sleep tracker during a long observation period.MethodsTwenty‐one enuretic and 18 control children, aged 6 to 12 years old, slept with a wearable sleep tracker device, a Fitbit Charge 2, for 14 consecutive days. In addition, nocturnal urine production (voided volumes and/or weight of the diaper) were measured. The HRV was calculated using the standard time and frequency domain parameters. The Kruskal‐Wallis test was applied to evaluate the differences in the sleep and HRV parameters between both groups.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, enuretic children showed a higher standard deviation (P = .0209) of minutes spent in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep among the different nights. In addition, they showed the tendencies to fewer awakenings (P = .1161), although this was not significant. Analyzing the wet nights of the enuretic children, they showed higher autonomic activity, lower sleep efficiency and a higher restlessness compared with their dry nights and to the control group.ConclusionThis 2‐weeks sleep‐study, using a wrist‐worn sleep tracker device Fitbit Charge 2, in the normal home environment has shown that enuretic children have a larger variation in their REM sleep and sleepless efficiently during a wet night when compared with non‐bedwetting children.
A coupled thermo‐chemo‐mechanical reduced‐order multiscale model for predicting process‐induced distortions, residual stresses, and strength
Authors: Yuan Zifeng , Aitharaju Venkat , Fish Jacob 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWe study residual stresses and part distortion induced by a manufacturing process of a polymer matrix composite and its effect on the component strength. Unlike most of the thermo‐chemo‐mechanical models in the literature where governing multiphysics equations are directly formulated on the macroscale, we present a multiscale‐multiphysics approach. To address the enormous computational complexity involved, a reduced‐order homogenization was originally developed for a single physics problem is employed. The proposed reduced‐order two‐scale thermo‐chemo‐mechanical model has been validated for predicting part distortion beam strength in three‐point bending test. It is shown that while macroscopic stresses are relatively low, and therefore often ignored in practice, stresses at the scale of microconstituents are significant and may have an effect on the overall composite component strength.
Proteome analysis of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded colorectal adenomas reveals the heterogeneous nature of traditional serrated adenomas compared to other colorectal adenomas
Authors: Sohier Pierre , Sanson Romain , Leduc Marjorie , Audebourg Anne , Broussard Cédric , Salnot Virginie , Just Pierre‐Alexandre , Pasmant Eric , Mayeux Patrick , Guillonneau François , Romagnolo Béatrice , Perret Christine , Terris Benoît 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTraditional serrated adenoma (TSA) remains the least understood of all the colorectal adenomas, although these lesions have been associated with a significant cancer risk, twice that of the conventional adenoma (CAD) and of the sessile serrated adenoma (SSA/P). This study was performed to investigate the proteomic profiles of the different colorectal adenomas to better understand the pathogenesis of TSA. We performed a global quantitative proteome analysis using the label‐free quantification (LFQ) method on 44 colorectal adenoma (12 TSAs, 15 CADs, and 17 SSA/Ps) and 17 normal colonic mucosa samples, archived as formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded blocks. Unsupervised consensus hierarchical clustering applied to the whole proteomic profile of the 44 colorectal adenomas identified four subtypes: C1 and C2 were well‐individualized clusters composed of all the CADs (15/15) and most of the SSA/Ps (13/17), respectively. This is consistent with the fact that CADs and SSA/Ps are homogeneous and distinct colorectal adenoma entities. In contrast, TSAs were subdivided into C3 and C4 clusters, consistent with the more heterogeneous entity of TSA at the morphologic and molecular levels. Comparison of the proteome expression profile between the adenoma subtypes and normal colonic mucosa further confirmed the heterogeneous nature of TSAs, which overlapped either on CADs or SSA/Ps, whereas CADs and SSAs formed homogeneous and distinct entities. Furthermore, we identified LEFTY1 a new potential marker for TSAs that may be relevant for the pathogenesis of TSA. LEFTY1 is an inhibitor of the Nodal/TGFβ pathway, which we found to be one of the most overexpressed proteins specifically in TSAs. This finding was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Our study confirms that CADs and SSA/Ps form homogeneous and distinct colorectal adenoma entities, whereas TSAs are a heterogeneous entity and may arise from either SSA/Ps or from normal mucosa evolving through a process related to the CAD pathway. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors of importance for discontinuation of thiazides associated with hyponatremia in Sweden: A population‐based register study
Authors: Fahlén Bergh Cecilia , Toivanen Susanna , Johnell Kristina , Calissendorff Jan , Skov Jakob , Falhammar Henrik , Nathanson David , Lindh Jonatan D. , Mannheimer Buster 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeIn a patient with clinically significant hyponatremia without other clear causes, thiazide treatment should be replaced with another drug. Data describing to which extent this is being done are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors that may be of importance for the withdrawal of thiazide diuretics in patients hospitalized due to hyponatremia.MethodsThe study population was sampled from a case‐control study investigating individuals hospitalized with a main diagnosis of hyponatremia. For every case, four matched controls were included. In the present study, cases (n = 5204) and controls (n = 7425) that had been dispensed a thiazide diuretic prior to index date were identified and followed onward regarding further dispensations. To investigate the influence of socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors, multiple logistic regression was used.ResultsThe crude prevalence of thiazide withdrawal for cases and controls was 71.9% and 10.8%, respectively. Thiazide diuretics were more often withdrawn in medium‐sized towns (adjusted OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.21‐1.90) and rural areas (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.40‐2.34) compared with metropolitan areas and less so among divorced (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53‐0.97). However, education, employment status, income, age, country of birth, and gender did not influence withdrawal of thiazides among patients with hyponatremia.ConclusionsThiazide diuretics were discontinued in almost three out of four patients hospitalized due to hyponatremia. Educational, income, gender, and most other sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were not associated with withdrawal of thiazides.
Synthesis and cationic ring‐opening polymerization of oxetane monomer containing five‐membered cyclic carbonate moiety via highly chemoselective addition of CO2
Authors: Aoyagi Naoto , Endo Takeshi 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe bicyclic amidinium iodide effectively catalyzed the reaction of carbon dioxide and the epoxy‐containing oxetane under ordinary pressure and mild conditions with high chemoselectivity to give the corresponding oxetane monomer containing five‐membered cyclic carbonate quantitatively. The cationic ring‐opening polymerization of the obtained monomer by boron trifluoride diethyl ether proceeded to give linear polyoxetane bearing five‐membered cyclic carbonate pendant group in high yield. The molecular weight of the polyoxetane was higher than that of polyepoxide obtained by the cationic ring‐opening polymerization of epoxide monomer containing five‐membered cyclic carbonate. The cyclic carbonate functional crosslinked polyoxetanes were also synthesized by the cationic ring‐opening copolymerization of cyclic carbonate having oxetane and commercially available bisoxetane monomers. Analyses of the resulting polyoxetanes were performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2606–2615
Predicting the location of weld line in microinjection‐molded polyethylene via molecular orientation distribution
Authors: Liao Tao , Zhao Xintong , Yang Xiao , Whiteside Ben , Coates Phil , Jiang Zhiyong , Men Yongfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe microstructure and molecular orientation distribution over both the length and the thickness of microinjection‐molded linear low‐density polyethylene with a weld line were characterized as a function of processing parameters using small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction techniques. The weld line was introduced via recombination of two separated melt streams with an angle of 180° to each other in injection molding. The lamellar structure was found to be related to the mold temperature strongly but the injection velocity and the melt temperature slightly. Furthermore, the distributions of molecular orientation at different molding conditions and different positions in the cross section of molded samples were derived from Hermans equation. The degree of orientation of polymeric chains and the thickness of oriented layers decrease considerably with an increase of both mold temperature and melt temperature, which could be explained by the stress relaxation of sheared chains and the reduced melt viscosity, respectively. The level of molecular orientation was found to be lowest in the weld line when varying injection velocity, mold temperature, and melt temperature, thus providing an effective means to identify the position of weld line induced by flow obstacles during injection‐molding process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1705–1715
Impact of drug distribution into adipose on tissue function: The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor anacetrapib as a test case
Authors: Johns Douglas G. , Wang Sheng‐Ping , Rosa Raymond , Hubert James , Xu Suoyu , Chen Ying , Bateman Thomas , Blaustein Robert O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnacetrapib is an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) previously under development as a lipid‐modifying agent that reduces LDL‐cholesterol and increases HDL‐cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. Anacetrapib demonstrates a long terminal half‐life and accumulates in adipose tissue, which contributes to a long residence time of anacetrapib. Given our previous report that anacetrapib distributes into the lipid droplet of adipose tissue, we sought to understand whether anacetrapib affected adipose function, using a diet‐induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Following 20 weeks of treatment with anacetrapib (100 mg/kg/day), levels of the drug increased to approximately 0.6 mmol/L in white adipose tissue. This level of anacetrapib was not associated with any impairment in adipose functionality as evidenced by a lack of any reduction in biomarkers of adipose functionality (plasma adiponectin, leptin, insulin; adipose adiponectin, leptin mRNA). In DIO wild‐type (WT) mice treated with anacetrapib for 2 weeks and then subjected to 30% food restriction during washout to induce weight loss (18%) and fat mass loss (7%), levels of anacetrapib in adipose and plasma were not different between food restricted and ad lib‐fed mice. These data indicate that despite deposition and long‐term residence of ~0.6 mmol/L levels of anacetrapib in adipose tissue, adipose tissue function appears to be unaffected in mice. In addition, these data also indicate that even with severe caloric restriction and acute loss of fat mass, anacetrapib does not appear to be mobilized from the fat depot, thereby solidifying the role of adipose as a long‐term storage site of anacetrapib.
A review of the extensions of the geometric process, applications, and challenges
Authors: Wu Di , Peng Rui , Wu Shaomin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractModelling the failure process of a repairable system is vitally important in many industrial sectors such as the offshore industry and the transport industry, in which properly maintaining assets is needed. Among the various models, the geometric process (GP) has been widely applied, mainly in the reliability and maintenance engineering, since its introduction. A book on the GP was published in 2007 and included the GP‐related research by that year. However, since then, much research has been conducted, which creates a necessity to review the existing publications relating to the GP, its various extensions and applications since 2007. This paper serves for this purpose.
Ionized water clusters , n = 2 to 6: A high‐accuracy study of structures and energetics
Authors: Ünal Aslı , Bozkaya Uğur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIonized water clusters, , have been of remarkable interest owing to their crucial roles in many chemical and biological processes. Small cationic water clusters , n = 2 to 6 serve as reasonable models for understanding the nature of the ionized water. In this study, employing high‐level ab initio quantum chemical methods, such as the density‐fitted orbital‐optimized linearized coupled‐cluster doubles (DF‐OLCCD), coupled‐cluster singles and doubles (CCSD), and coupled‐cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)], a high‐accuracy study of structures and energetics for cationic water clusters [, n = 2‐6] is presented. In this study, 2 dimer, 8 trimer, 18 tetramer, 23 pentamer, and 25 hexamer clusters are reported. Most of the structures considered are reported for the first time. Relative, binding, and vertical attachment energies (VAEs), for the first time, are presented at the complete basis set (CBS) limit, extrapolating energies of the aug‐cc‐pVTZ and aug‐cc‐pVQZ basis sets, to provide the most accurate energetics to date. Our results demonstrate that as cluster size increases, the VAE value decreases, which indicates that large‐size clusters better compensate for the electron deficiency compared with small‐size clusters. The VAE values for pentamer and hexamer clusters are 118.5 to 165.5 and 121.9 to 153.7 kcal mol−1, respectively. Further, our binding energy results, at the CCSD(T)/CBS level, indicate strong bindings in cationic clusters due to hydrogen bond interactions. The average binding energy per water molecule varies from −16.6 to −21.8 kcal mol−1 for the clusters considered. Hence, we present the most extensive and accurate study on ionized water clusters to date. Further, our results indicate that the DF‐OLCCD method is very promising for ionic molecular clusters, and its accuracy approaches the CCSD(T) quality. The inexpensive analytic gradients of DF‐OLCCD, compared with CCSD(T), make it very helpful for high‐accuracy studies of molecular geometries.