bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARP inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer: a review
Authors: Washington Christina R. , Moore Kathleen N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
This article will review recent changes in the standard of care for olaparib, niraparib, and rucaparib, as well as ongoing trials evaluating this class of drugs in combination with antiangiogenic agents and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Recent findings
Niraparib received FDA approval for use in patients with complete response or partial response to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of BRCAm or HRD status that was received in April 2020. FDA approval was received for olaparib in combination with bevacizamab for epithelial ovarian cancer patients with complete response/partial response to first-line chemotherapy and bevacizumab and g/sBRCA and/or genomic instability by Myriad myChoice CDx in May 2020.

Summary
In the last year, treatment with PARPi has extended to not only include BRCAm and HRD-deficient patients but also have shown improvement in outcomes in HRD-proficient patients. With these advancements, more patients can access these agents and receive benefit. In the upcoming years, it will be exciting to see the potential benefit when PARPs are added to other angiogenic antagonists and immunotherapy agents.
Surgical Treatment and Visual Outcomes of Adult Orbital Roof Fractures
Authors: Gebran Selim G. , Lopez Joseph , Wasicek Philip J. , Elegbede Adekunle , Rasko Yvonne M. , Liang Fan , Nam Arthur J. , Manson Paul N. , Grant Michael P. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Fractures of the orbital roof require high-energy trauma and have been linked to high rates of neurologic and ocular complications. However, there is a paucity of literature exploring the association between injury, management, and visual prognosis.

Methods:
The authors performed a 3-year retrospective review of orbital roof fracture admissions to a Level I trauma center. Fracture displacement, comminution, and frontobasal type were ascertained from computed tomographic images. Pretreatment characteristics of operative orbital roof fractures were compared to those of nonoperative fractures. Risk factors for ophthalmologic complications were assessed using univariable/multivariable regression analyses.

Results:
In total, 225 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fractures were most commonly nondisplaced [n = 118 (52.4 percent)] and/or of type II frontobasal pattern (linear vault involving) [n = 100 (48.5 percent)]. Eight patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation of their orbital roof fractures (14.0 percent of displaced fractures). All repairs took place within 10 days from injury. Traumatic optic neuropathy [n = 19 (12.3 percent)] and retrobulbar hematoma [n = 11 (7.1 percent)] were the most common ophthalmologic complications, and led to long-term visual impairment in 51.6 percent of cases.

Conclusions:
Most orbital roof fractures can be managed conservatively, with no patients in this cohort incurring long-term fracture-related complications or returning for secondary treatment. Early fracture treatment is safe and may be beneficial in patients with vertical dysmotility, globe malposition, and/or a defect surface area larger than 4 cm2. Ophthalmologic prognosis is generally favorable; however, traumatic optic neuropathy is major cause of worse visual outcome in this population.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Patient Mindset and the Success of Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Sun Pepijn O. , Walbeehm Erik T. , Selles Ruud W. , Slijper Harm P. , Ulrich Dietmar J. O. , Porsius Jarry T. ,   For the Hand Wrist Study Group
Published: December 2020

Background:
Depression and pain catastrophizing are aspects of the patient’s mindset that have been shown to be important in relation to the outcome of carpal tunnel release. However, other factors of the patient’s mindset have been understudied, such as treatment expectations and illness perceptions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of these mindset aspects on outcome of carpal tunnel release, in addition to psychological distress and pain catastrophizing.

Methods:
A total of 307 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome who visited outpatient hand surgery clinics and who completed online questionnaires regarding demographic and psychosocial characteristics and carpal tunnel syndrome severity were included. The patient mindset was measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire, and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to examine the relation between self-reported severity 6 months after carpal tunnel release, as measured with the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, and psychosocial aspects of mindset, adjusting for preoperative Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire score, patient characteristics, and comorbidities.

Results:
Independent associations with better self-reported outcome were found for higher treatment expectations (β = −0.202; p < 0.001) and illness comprehensibility (β = −0.223; p < 0.001). The additional explained variance in Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores by the patient’s mindset was 13.2 percent (psychological distress and pain catastrophizing together, 2.1 percent; treatment expectations and illness perceptions together, 11.1 percent).

Conclusion:
Treatment outcome expectations and comprehensibility of illness are both independently associated with the outcome of carpal tunnel release, showing the importance of these aspects of the patient’s mindset for the outcome of carpal tunnel release.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Index Finger Pollicization for Hypoplastic Thumb: Surgical Technique
Authors: Sood Ravi F. , Taghinia Amir H. , Upton Joseph , Labow Brian I. 
Published: December 2020

Summary:
Pollicization can be performed for secondary thumb reconstruction after traumatic injury or for primary thumb construction in cases of congenital thumb hypoplasia. Given the complexity of this operation, intimate familiarity with the involved anatomy and surgical principles is key to successful surgical outcomes. In this Video Plus article, the authors present a step-by-step approach to pollicization in case of Blauth type IIIB thumb hypoplasia.
Development of a Patient-specific Search of Transplant Program Outcomes and Characteristics: Feedback From Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: McKinney Warren T. , Schaffhausen Cory R. , Bruin Marilyn J. , Chu Sauman , Schladt David , Matas Arthur , Snyder Jon , Kasiske Bertram , Israni Ajay K. 
Published: December 2020

Background.
Patients face obstacles in finding a transplant program that meets their healthcare needs. Acceptance criteria and waiting times vary by region and program. The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients provides program-specific information, but it is unclear what patients and referring physicians need to know.

Methods.
We examined variability in program-specific characteristics that could influence access to transplantation. We also conducted 20 interviews and 16 focus groups with transplant candidates, recipients, and their family members. Participants were shown prototypes of a patient-specific search tool and evaluated its capacity to identify programs tailored to the needs of individual patients.

Results.
The distribution of recipient and donor characteristics that may impact access to transplantation, such as recipients on Medicaid, varied across programs (all with P < 0.01). Several themes emerged related to impressions of access to transplantation and the usability of patient-specific search functions. Perceptions of the prototypes and results varied, but were positive overall and support providing an individualized search of program level data. Participants revealed significant barriers to identifying and evaluating transplant programs and suggest that patient-specific search results reduce the anxiety associated with selecting a program.

Conclusions.
Providing patient-specific tools is valued by patients and important to maximizing access to transplant.
Experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional analysis of risk perceptions and mental health in a student cohort
Authors: Jia Ru , Knight Holly , Blake Holly , Corner Dame Jessica , Denning Chris , Ball Jonathan , Bolton Kirsty , Morling Joanne R , Coupland Carol , Figueredo Grazziela , Morris David Ed , Tighe Patrick , Villalon Armando , Ayling Kieran , Vedhara Kavita 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health of university students on returning to campus in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was completed during the first four weeks of the academic year (October 2020) by 897 university students. The survey included demographics and measures of experiences of COVID-19 testing, self-isolation, shielding, perceived risk, mental health and indices capturing related psychological responses to the pandemic.ResultsWe observed higher levels of depression and anxiety, but not stress, in students compared with pre- pandemic normative data, but lower than levels reported earlier in the pandemic in other similar cohorts. Depression, anxiety and stress were independently associated with greater loneliness and reduced positive mood. Greater worry about COVID-19 was also independently associated with anxiety and stress. Female students and those with pre-existing mental health disorders were at greatest risk of poor mental health outcomes.ConclusionAlthough students perceived themselves at only moderate risk of COVID-19, the prevalence of depression and anxiety among university students should remain a concern. Universities should provide adequate support for students’ mental health during term-time. Interventions to reduced loneliness and worry, and improve mood, may benefit students’ overall mental well-being.
Cell cycle corruption in a pre-leukemic ETV6-RUNX1 model exposes RUNX1 addiction as a therapeutic target in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Wray Jason P , Deltcheva Elitza M , Boiers Charlotta , Richardson Simon E , Chhetri Jyoti Bikram , Gagrica Sladjana , Guo Yanping , Illendula Anuradha , Martens Joost HA , Stunnenberg Hendrik G , Bushweller John H , Nimmo Rachael , Enver Tariq 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe ETV6-RUNX1 onco-fusion arisesin utero, initiating a clinically silent pre-leukemic state associated with the development of pediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We characterize the ETV6-RUNX1 regulome by integrating chromatin immunoprecipitation- and RNA-sequencing and show that ETV6-RUNX1 functions primarily through competition for RUNX1 binding sites and transcriptional repression. In pre-leukemia, this results in ETV6-RUNX1 antagonization of cell cycle regulation by RUNX1 as evidenced by mass cytometry analysis of B-lineage cells derived from ETV6-RUNX1 knock-in human pluripotent stem cells. In frank leukemia, knockdown of RUNX1 or its co-factor CBFβ results in cell death suggesting sustained requirement for RUNX1 activity which is recapitulated by chemical perturbation using an allosteric CBFβ-inhibitor. Strikingly, we show that RUNX1 addiction extends to other genetic subtypes of pediatric B-ALL and also adult disease. Importantly, inhibition of RUNX1 activity spares normal hematopoiesis. Our results implicate chemical intervention in the RUNX1 program as an exciting therapeutic opportunity in ALL.
A Simple Method for Getting Standard Error on the Ratiometric Calcium Estimator
Authors: Hess Simon , Pouzat Christophe , Kloppenburg Peter 
Published: December 2020

1.AbstractThe ratiometric fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2 plays a fundamental role in the investigation of cellular calcium dynamics. Despite of its widespread use in the last 30 years, only one publication [2] proposed a way of obtaining confidence intervals on fitted calcium dynamic model parameters from single ’calcium transients’. Shortcomings of this approach are its requirement for a ’3 wavelengths’ protocol (excitation at 340 and 380 nm as usual plus at 360 nm, the isosbectic point) as well as the need for an autofluorence / background fluorescence model at each wavelength. We propose here a simpler method that eliminates both shortcommings:a precise estimation of the standard errors of the raw data is obtained first,the standard error of the ratiometric calcium estimator (a function of the raw data values) is derived using both the propagation of uncertainty and a Monte-Carlo method.Once meaningful standard errors for calcium estimates are available, standard errors on fitted model parameters follow directly from the use of nonlinear least-squares optimization algorithms.2.Graphical abstractFigure 1:How to get error bars on the ratiometric calcium estimator? The figure is to be read clockwise from the bottom right corner. The two measurements areas (region of interest, ROI, on the cell body and background measurement region, BMR, outside of the cell) are displayed on the frame corresponding to one actual experiment. Two measurements, one following an excitation at 340 nm and the other following an excitation at 380 nm are performed (at each ’time point’) from each region. The result is a set of four measures: adu340 (from the ROI), adu340B (from the BMR), adu380 and adu380B.These measurements are modeled as realizations of Gaussian random variables. The fact that the measurements as well as the subsequent quantities derived from them are random variable realization is conveyed throughout the figure by the use of Gaussian probability densities. The densities from the MRB are ’tighter’ because there are much more pixels in the MRB than in the ROI (the standard deviations of the densities shown on this figure have been enlarged for clarity, but their relative size has been preserved, the horizontal axis in black always starts at 0). The key result of the paper is that the standard deviation of the four Gaussian densities corresponding to the raw data (bottom of the figure) can be reliably estimated from the data alone,, whereVis the product of the CCD chip gain squared by the number of pixels in the ROI by the CCD chip readout variance. The algebric operations leading to the estimator (top right) are explicitely displayed. The paper explains how to compute the standard deviation of the derived distributions obtained at each step of the calcium concentration estimation.Method nameStandard error for the ratiometric calcium estimator
Unravelling the process between career shock and career (un)sustainability: exploring the role of perceived human resource management
Authors: Pak Karen , Kooij Dorien , De Lange Annet H. , Meyers Maria Christina , van Veldhoven Marc 
Published: December 2020

PurposeEmployees need a sustainable career to prolong their working lives. The ability, motivation and opportunity to work form an important basis for sustainable careers across the lifespan. However, over the lifespan of their careers employees are likely to experience several career shocks (e.g. becoming chronically ill or being fired) which might result in unsustainable trajectories. This study aims to contribute to the literature on sustainable careers by unraveling the process through which careers shocks relate to career (un)sustainability and what role perceptions of human resource practices play in the process.Design/methodology/approachThirty-three in-depth retrospective interviews with participants of 50 years and older were conducted and analyzed using a template analysis.FindingsResults showed that career shocks influence career sustainability through a process of changes in demands or changes in resources, which in turn, relate to changes in person–job fit. When person-job–fit diminished, the ability, motivation and opportunity to continue working decreased, whereas when person–job fit improved, the ability, motivation and opportunity to continue working improved as well. Organizations appear to be able to diminish the negative consequences of career shocks by offering job resources such as HR practices in response to career shocks.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study is the retrospective nature of the interviews, which could have resulted in recollection bias.Practical implicationsThis study gives HRM practitioners insight into the HR practices that are effective in overcoming career shocks.Originality/valueThis study extends existing literature by including career shocks as possible predictors of sustainable careers.
Internet and mobile banking: the role of engagement and experience on satisfaction and loyalty
Authors: Garzaro Daniela Menezes , Varotto Luís Fernando , Pedro Samara de Carvalho 
Published: December 2020

PurposeIn this work, the author verified the effect of interactivity and social presence on engagement with bank customers, how much these relationships affect the experience with the brand and their effect on satisfaction and loyalty, while highlighting the differences between the digital service channels (websites and apps).Design/methodology/approachThe author conducted a survey, collecting responses from 390 users of banking websites and mobile banking. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyzed the data, with the use of the PLS-MGA group method.FindingsResults reveal the positive effects of interactivity and social presence on brand engagement and positive associations between brand engagement, brand experience, satisfaction and loyalty. The results also reveal that brand experience completely mediates the effect of brand engagement on satisfaction and that the effect of social presence on engagement is higher for users of banking websites versus users of mobile banking apps.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a possibility of different results in cultures where the use of IT and the use of digital platforms of banking technology are less intense. Furthermore, other segments, besides banking, could be an opportunity to improve knowledge about these effects.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to practice by showing the importance of interactive elements and social presence in digital channels to generate engagement with the brand, resulting in more positive experiences that increase bank customer satisfaction and loyalty.Social implicationsThis study confirms the relationships between interactivity, social presence and engagement, also confirming that social presence mediates the relationship between interactivity and brand engagement.Originality/valueAn important original contribution is the effect of engagement as an antecedent of the experience with the brand, which results in elevated satisfaction and loyalty of the bank customer.
Health governance: reponses to and effects of COVID-19
Authors: MacVane Phipps Fiona 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the IJHG review is to present an overview of the content of papers included in the current issue.Design/methodology/approachNA.FindingsNA.Practical implicationsThe practical implications are that readers will be able to gain an overview of the current content and thus select areas of most interest to themselves.Originality/valueThe originality of the IJHG Review is that no other journal in the Emerald suite provides a review of this type.
Digital transformation: challenges faced by organizations and their potential solutions
Authors: Shahi Chinmay , Sinha Manish 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Digital transformation is the way forward for all businesses. The technology is advancing at a rapid pace and the companies need to adapt to the change, not just to take advantage of the enormous opportunities it provides but even to stay relevant in this volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity world. This study aims to define the concept of digital transformation and what it means in today’s business scenario. It helps to understand the different stages of digital maturity, identify the barriers in adopting different technologies and provide solutions to overcome those challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a qualitative study in which opinions of the digital transformation experts were collected using a qualitative questionnaire. Natural language processing (NLP) and text mining techniques were applied along with a thorough analysis of the text to generate the results.

Findings
The study was able to uncover – what it means to be digitally transformed, different challenges an organization faces during the digital transformation journey and their potential solutions.

Originality/value
The existing literature on the topic is scattered and does not provide a roadmap for a company to adopt digital transformation. This study aims to fill up the gap and cover various aspects of the whole transformation process. The uniqueness of the study lies in the use of NLP techniques to perform text analytics on the data.
Investor behavior, stock returns and CDS spreads: evidence from foreign and domestic investors in Korea
Authors: Yang Jin Young , Samitas Aristeidis , Kampouris Ilias 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis study investigates the dynamic relationships among trading behaviors of different investor groups (foreigners, domestic institutions and domestic individuals), stock returns and sovereign CDS (Credit Default Swap) spreads in Korea.Design/methodology/approachWe employ the VAR (Vector autoregression) model to examine the dynamic relationships between CDS spread changes, stock returns and investors' behavior in the stock market.FindingsThe CDS spread change (stock return) declines (rises) in response to shocks to net foreign flows into the stock market on the same day. Foreigners buy stocks more intensely one day after an increase in the stock return, but they do not respond to CDS spread changes. Domestic individuals trade in the opposite direction of foreigners in response to shocks to both stock returns and CDS spread changes on the same day. Positive net stock purchases of domestic institutions (individuals) predict positive (negative) stock returns and negative (positive) CDS spread changes next day.Originality/valueThis study extends prior studies by examining how different investor groups' trading behaviors in the stock market are associated with not only the stock market but also a closely related market (CDS market). Prior empirical studies on the relation between the stock and CDS markets do not pay attention to possible heterogeneity in trading behavior across different types of investors in the stock market.