bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor driving/braking control scheme with integration of multiple driving components
Authors: Tu Chia‐Hung , Chang Yu‐Chen , Lin Chun‐Liang , Liu Van‐Tsai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a modular multilevel inverter which integrates driving/braking control schemes in a unit for electric vehicles. The multiple driving components are used to balance surge voltage/current across the last stage power MOSFETs due to abrupt back electromotive force (EMF) generated by the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). A fundamental unit of the motor driver generally consists of multiple power MOSFETs connected in series/parallel with a braking resistor. These units can be assembled according to the design. In practice, when a PMSM is driven due to inertia rotation, it becomes a power generator which would induce back EMF caused by magnetic induction when a braking command is applied to the driver. If one tries to increase braking effect by reversing driving torque with any approaches for immediately or fast stopping the rotating motor, it commonly leads to switching element breakdown due to the surge counter EMF. In this paper, with the expandable series–parallel design of the inverter circuit, surge voltage/current is dispersed in a balanced manner. Compared with conventional three‐phase motor driver design, the proposed one possesses better durability. Also, it reduces hardware cost since it allows low‐grade power components to be used in the high‐power motor drivers.
Hybrid sorrel: cultivation potential and use as a novel non‐food multipurpose crop
Authors: Ust'ak Sergej , Šinko Jan , Muňoz Jakub 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybrid sorrel is a perennial crop whose benefits include good wintering, early ripening, and relatively high biomass and energy yields. The average yields are usually in the range from 4 to 10 t ha−1 dry matter (DM) per year. Based on a long‐term study, a significant fertilization effect on hybrid sorrel yield was found. The crop establishment in spring is preceded by plowing in autumn. Hybrid sorrel can be harvested in the year following the establishment. As a perennial crop, hybrid sorrel provides ecosystem services to a greater extent than first‐generation annual crops. They are, for example, habitat functioning, air regulation, biodiversity conservation, anti‐erosion effect, and groundwater protection. After cultivation, it can leave up to 60 t ha−1 of slightly mineralizable organic matter in the soil. Hybrid sorrel's drawbacks include low resistance against weeds and sensitivity to drought damage. According to the available data, this hybrid sorrel is one of the most promising energy crops in the temperate zone. It is suitable for both combustion and biogas production. In biogas production, sorrel produces a total methane yield of about 2500 to 3500 mN3 ha−1, and as a biofuel for combustion it shows a relatively high DM calorific value, of about 18 MJ kg−1. Alongside its use for energy and fodder purposes, it can be cultivated to produce medicines and unique building materials. It can also be used for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Development and validation of an ultrasensitive LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of cetagliptin in human plasma and its application in a microdose clinical trial
Authors: Bai Haihong , Lu Jinmiao , Cheng Xiaoqiang , Liu Long , Zhang Wei , Wei Yali , Wang Yu , Liu Ju , Ding Juping , Yu Qiang , Zhang Yang , Chen Guiying , Fan Yeqin , Wang Xinghe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study established and validated an LC–MS/MS method for the ultrasensitive determination of cetagliptin in human plasma. Sample pretreatment was achieved by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, and chromatographic separation was performed on an XB‐C18 analytical column (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. For mass spectrometric detection, multiple reaction monitoring was used, and the ion transitions monitored were m/z 421.2–86.0 for cetagliptin and m/z 424.2–88.0 for cetagliptin‐d3. Method validation was performed according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance, for which the calibration curve was linear in the range of 50.0–2000 pg/mL. All of the other results, such as selectivity, lower limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, recovery, and stability, met the acceptance criteria. The validated method was successfully applied in a microdose clinical trial to systematically investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of cetagliptin in healthy subjects. Both rapid absorption and prolonged duration demonstrate the potential value of cetagliptin for diabetes treatment.
“Gut–brain axis”: Review of the role of the probiotics in anxiety and depressive disorders
Authors: Gambaro Eleonora , Gramaglia Carla , Baldon Giulia , Chirico Emilio , Martelli Maria , Renolfi Alessia , Zeppegno Patrizia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDepressive disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide and together with anxiety contribute to a very high burden of disease. Therefore, improving their treatment is a significant medical research target: The role of probiotics is a topic of great interest for the current research in this field.ObjectivesTo explore the current literature about the impact of probiotics on anxious and depressive symptoms.MethodsScoping review following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsThe selection process yielded 23 studies. Probiotics positively affected depressive symptomatology and anxiety symptoms according to 53.83% and 43.75% of the selected studies, respectively. Among the studies assessing inflammatory biomarkers, 58.31% found they were decreased after administration of probiotics.ConclusionThe results emerging from the existing literature about probiotic supplementation for depression treatment are encouraging, but further research is needed considering the shortage of clinical trials on this topic and the heterogeneity of the samples analyzed.
Virus recovery by tangential flow filtration: A model to guide the design of a sample concentration process
Authors: Lasareishvili Besarion , Shi Hang , Wang Xunhao , Hillstead Kyle D. , Tediashvili Marina , Jaiani Ekaterine , Tarabara Volodymyr V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple model is developed to describe the instantaneous (rv) and cumulative (Rv) recovery of viruses from water during sample concentration by tangential flow filtration in the regime of constant water recovery, r. A figure of merit, M = rvr, is proposed as an aggregate performance metric that captures both the efficiency of virus recovery and the speed of sample concentration. We derive an expression for virus concentration in the sample as a function of filtration time with the rate‐normalized virus loss, , as a parameter. A practically relevant case is considered when the rate of virus loss is proportional to the permeation‐driven mass flux of viruses to the membrane: . In this scenario, the instantaneous recovery is constant, the cumulative recovery is decreasing as a power function of time, , η mediates the trade‐off between r and rv, and M is maximized at . The proposed model can guide the design of the sample concentration process and serve as a framework for quantification and interlaboratory comparison of experimental data on virus recovery.
The role of the angle of the fibularis longus tendon in foot arch support
Authors: Sumal Anoop S. , Jarvis Gavin E. , Norrish Alan R. , Brassett Cecilia , Whitaker Robert H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the contribution of the fibularis longus tendon to the support of the midfoot arches has potential therapeutic applications. This cadaveric study sought to quantify this support across both the transverse arch and medial longitudinal arch and to establish whether a correlation exists between this support and the angle at which the tendon enters the sole.Materials and methodsMarkers placed in 11 dissected cadaveric foot specimens defined the arch boundaries. Incremental weights up to 150 N were applied to the fibularis longus tendon to simulate progressive muscle contraction, and associated changes in the transverse and medial longitudinal arch boundaries were recorded.ResultsA force of 150 N reduced the transverse arch distance by 4.6 (1.7) mm (mean [SD]) and medial longitudinal arch distance by 6.8 (1.4) mm. The angle of the fibularis longus tendon on the sole correlated well with changes in the transverse arch distance (slope ± s.e. = 0.56 ± 0.13 mm/degree, Pearson r = .83, p = .002) but only weakly with the medial longitudinal arch (0.18 ± 0.18 mm/degree, r = .32, p = .33).ConclusionsThe results of this preliminary study raise the possibility that physical therapies targeting the fibularis longus tendon may be valuable in the management of midfoot arch collapse. The correlation observed with the transverse arch suggests the possibility that surgical modification of the angle of the fibularis longus tendon on the sole may benefit patients with transverse arch collapse.
Situational analysis mapping for transformative thinking, conceptualisation and dialogues in counselling practice
Authors: Mudry Tanya E. , Vegter Vanessa , Strong Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany problems clients present to counsellors can be represented as situated concerns to be reflected upon and addressed collaboratively. We find situational analysis (SA) mapping procedures useful for joining clients in ‘zooming out and in’ to critically reflect upon the situated concerns clients present and for generating possible ways to address these concerns. We provide rationale and propose use of SA mapping procedures for critically reflective and transformative practice. Using an amalgamated case example, we show how SA maps can be used to assess clinical concerns pertaining to ‘addictive behaviours’ and invite new thinking and dialogue.
Left coronary artery calcification patterns after coronary bypass graft surgery: An in‐vivo optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Wolny Rafal , Mintz Gary S. , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Kim Song‐Yi , Ishida Masaru , Fujino Akiko , Lee Tetsumin , Shlofmitz Evan , Goldberg Alec , Liu Yangbo , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Mingyou , Hu Xun , Jeremias Allen , Petrossian George , Shlofmitz Richard A. , Maehara Akiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the severity and patterns of calcifications in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and proximal segments of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with and without prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).BackgroundCABG may accelerate upstream calcium development.MethodsOCT images (n = 76) of the LMCA bifurcation from either the LAD or LCX in 76 patients with at least one patent left coronary graft, on average 7.0 ± 5.6 years post‐CABG, were compared with 148 OCT images in propensity‐score‐matched non‐CABG controls.RESULTSMinimum lumen areas in the LMCA, LAD, and LCX in post‐CABG patients were smaller than non‐CABG controls. Maximum calcium arc and thickness as well as calcium length were greater in the LMCA and LCX, but not in the LAD in post‐CABG patients versus non‐CABG controls. Calcium located at the carina of a bifurcation, calcified nodules (CN), thin intimal calcium, and lobulated calcium were more prevalent in post‐CABG patients. After adjusting for multiple covariates, prior CABG was an independent predictor of calcification at the carina of a bifurcation (odds ratio [OR] 5.77 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.5–21.6]), thin intimal calcium (4.7 [1.5–14.4]), and the presence of a CN (15.60 [3.2–76.2]).ConclusionsPrior CABG is associated with greater amount of calcium in the LMCA and the proximal LCX, as well as higher prevalence of atypical calcium patterns, including CN, thin or lobulated calcium, and calcifications located at the carina of a bifurcation, compared with non‐CABG controls.
Efficacy of the novel inner PIERCE technique for severely calcified below‐the‐knee occlusions in a patient with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia
Authors: Nakama Tatsuya , Muraishi Makio , Obunai Kotaro , Watanabe Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA severely calcified lesion is the most challenging entity in endovascular therapy (EVT) for below‐the‐knee (BTK) arteries. In this report, we introduce a challenging plaque modification technique known as the inner PIERCE technique. A 65‐year‐old man on hemodialysis with multiple toe ulcerations underwent an EVT for his BTK artery diseases. During EVT, the guidewire passed through the severely calcified posterior tibial and plantar arteries; however, the other devices could not pass through the lesion. Therefore, a novel inner PIERCE technique was performed. After guidewire externalization, an 18G 20 cm needle was advanced from the retrograde approach site, following the guidewire, for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD). The PTCD needle was advanced into the severely calcified plaque using a rotational motion. Finally, the needle could pass through the lesion. After the inner PIERCE technique, an angioplasty was performed with a 2.5 mm balloon. The final angiography showed sufficient blood flow. After the EVT, complete wound healing was achieved in 4 months. This challenging technique may be an additional option for EVT to treat severely calcified BTK arteries.
A case of vasculitis case with unusual renal pathological findings presenting with rapidly progressing renal failure
Authors: An Hyo Jung , Jang Ha Nee , Lee Tae Won , Yoon Changhyo , Park Dong Jun , Bae Eunjin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlasma cell infiltration may be an early lesion during renal invasion by ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV), and AAV should be considered in the differential diagnosis with acute renal failure and systemic symptoms.
Double drainage of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection revealed after surgical repair of a supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Nagao Hiroyuki , Tominaga Kenta , Kamei Naoya , Tanaka Toshikatsu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMixed type TAPVC with double drainage, where the second vertical vein enlarged rather than atrophied after surgery. If we did not recognize left‐to‐right shunting before surgery, it can be treated with catheterization as demonstrated by our case.
Development Trends on Nickel‐Based Electrocatalysts for Direct Hydrazine Fuel Cells
Authors: Khalafallah Diab , Zhi Mingjia , Hong Zhanglian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLow temperature hydrazine fuel cells have been advocated as potential energy carriers by virtue of their exceptional power densities and carbon free containing byproducts. However, the large‐scale application of these renewable energy systems has been extremely inhibited by the insufficient performance and high cost of the state‐of‐art platinum (Pt) catalysts. To pursue better activity, electrocatalysts must demonstrate low operating overpotentials and high tolerances to poisoning species, which are critical factors for increasing the energy conversion efficiency. Despite the tremendous progress of Pt‐based catalysts, controlling sluggish kinetics on microscopic surfaces is still a serious issue because the accumulation of reaction product slugs onto surface may impede the liquid fuel transport to catalytic sites, resulting in a low activity. Thus, the development of earth abundant electrocatalysts with an improved activity is unambiguously a principal requirement. In this review, recent trends in the rational design and synthesis of Ni‐based electrocatalysts with various compositions for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) are summarized. In particular, development of multicomponent compounds and employment of Ni‐based materials for HzOR are demonstrated to be effective approaches from tuning the electrochemical performance of Ni‐based catalyst materials. Moreover, some potential challenges and prospects are deliberated to further advance the improvement of Ni‐based materials for effective HzOR.
Modification of g‐C3N4 Photocatalyst with Flower‐like ReS2 for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xing Chuanwang , Zhao Haitao , Yu Guiyang , Guo Luyan , Hu Yujia , Chen Ting , Jiang Lilin , Li Xiyou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeterojunction strategy has proven to be an effective approach for overcoming the quick photoexcited charge carrier recombination of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) and facilitating its photocatalytic performances. Bearing the merits of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) in mind, in this work, a novel flower‐like ReS2 coupled with layered g‐C3N4 was constructed via a facile hydrothermal route. The hybrid ReS2/g‐C3N4 catalysts create excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution without any additional co‐catalyst. Under visible‐light irradiation, the optimized 3 wt % ReS2/g‐C3N4 heterojunction exhibited a hydrogen evolution rate 8 times that of pristine g‐C3N4, maintaining a stable heterojunction after multiple photocatalytic cycles. ReS2/g‐C3N4 integrates the merits of both the configuration of a heterojunction and the formation of spatially conductive network, which effectively accelerate the transfer of photoinduced carrier. This work not only presents a marked ReS2/g‐C3N4 heterojunction photocatalyst, but provides more possibility for expanding applications in electrocatalysis, photothermal catalysis and energy storage.
Mechanistic Insights for Dimethyl Sulfoxide Catalyzed Aromatic Chlorination Reactions
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, the dimethyl sulfoxide O=SMe2 catalyzed aromatic chlorination reaction using N‐chlorosuccinimides (NsCl) under mild conditions has proven useful for bioactive compounds potentially containing various functional groups such as amide and hydroxyl. A novel catalytic mechanism is revealed by extensive DFT calculations using the anisole PhOMe as electron‐rich model substrate. The Cl+ transfer from NsCl to O=SMe2 slowly reacts via the S‐chloro sulfoxonium O=SClMe2+ to the S‐chloro ylide O=SClMeCH2, followed by facile Cl+ transfer from NsCl to the ylide CH2 site to initialize efficient electrophilic Cl+ transfer to nucleophilic substrates. According to the new proposal, the polarizable S and electronegative O sites of O=SMe2 may act as efficient Cl+ and H+ shuttles, respectively, in catalytic aromatic chlorination. If O=SMe2 is present in high concentration, it can trap intermediate SMe2OH+ into a stable H+‐bound dimer (SMe2O)2H+ to inhibit efficient protic NsCl activation. These mechanistic insights may be generally useful for the rational design of novel dual functional halonium transfer catalysts.
A Novel Anthraquinone‐Containing Poly(Triphenylamine) Derivative: Preparation and Electrochemical Performance as Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Su Chang , Han Bing , Ma Jinpeng , Xu Lihuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrganic and polymeric materials are excellent candidates for next generation advanced electrode materials. Therein, 2,6‐Bis(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐9,10‐anthracenedione (BDAPA) functional monomer was synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction, and a novel anthraquinone‐containing poly(triphemylamine) polymer (PBDAPA) was then prepared by the simple oxidative polymerization. The obtained novel functional polymer presented a unique urchin‐like morphology with outgrowth of hollow tubular spiny, which possesses the improved specific surface area of ∼129.6 m2 g−1 and the small average mesopore diameter of 1.78 nm. As cathode material, the obtained PBDAPA compared to polytriphenylamine (PTPA), demonstrated two obvious discharge plateaus, corresponding to the double charge‐discharge characteristics from p‐type triphenylamine and n‐type anthraquinone segments in the polymer, respectively. Also, PBDAPA exhibited an improved specific capacity of 132.7 mAh g−1 and an enhanced rate capability with the discharge specific capacities of 140.6, 124.3, 107.5 and 97.1 mAh g−1 at the discharge rates of 20, 50, 100 and 200 mA g−1, respectively. The introduction of anthraquinone unit in polytriphenylamine as well as the resulted open pore morphology for PBDAPA was responsible to the improved electrochemical performances, which makes it a potential strategy for the design and preparation of high performance organic lithium‐ion batteries.
A Versatile In‐Situ Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectro‐electrochemical Approach for Electrocatalyst Research
Authors: Neukermans Sander , Samanipour Mohammad , Vincent Ching H. Y. , Hereijgers Jonas , Van Doorslaer Sabine , Hubin Annick , Breugelmans Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEmpirical electrocatalyst research generally consists of the synthesis and experimental characterization of catalysts and the analysis of electrolysis products by conventional analytical techniques. In‐situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectro‐electrochemistry provides an evidence‐based in‐depth understanding of the formed intermediates and the reaction mechanism enabling the desired tuning of electrocatalysts. The use of this technique has been underexploited because of the opposite requirements they impose on the conventional setup. In this work, a versatile electrode with commercially available indium tin oxide on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was constructed for the first time which can fit inside commonly used flat cells. It allows reproducible electrodeposition of catalytic material combined with sensitive radical detection, owing to its large surface area and minimal disruption to the resonator's Q‐factor. Moreover, with a resistivity of 8–10 Ω sq−1, the surface potential of the thin semiconductor electrode within the resonator was well‐controlled, allowing targeted radical production.
Temperature as an Extra Dimension in Multidimensional Protein NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Shchukina Alexandra , Małecki Paweł , Mateos Borja , Nowakowski Michał , Urbańczyk Mateusz , Kontaxis Georg , Kasprzak Paweł , Conrad‐Billroth Clara , Konrat Robert , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNMR spectroscopy is a particularly informative method for studying protein structures and dynamics in solution; however, it is also one of the most time‐consuming. Modern approaches to biomolecular NMR spectroscopy are based on lengthy multidimensional experiments, the duration of which grows exponentially with the number of dimensions. The experimental time may even be several days in the case of 3D and 4D spectra. Moreover, the experiment often has to be repeated under several different conditions, for example, to measure the temperature‐dependent effects in a spectrum (temperature coefficients (TCs)). Herein, a new approach that involves joint sampling of indirect evolution times and temperature is proposed. This allows TCs to be measured through 3D spectra in even less time than that needed to acquire a single spectrum by using the conventional approach. Two signal processing methods that are complementary, in terms of sensitivity and resolution, 1) dividing data into overlapping subsets followed by compressed sensing reconstruction, and 2) treating the complete data set with a variant of the Radon transform, are proposed. The temperature‐swept 3D HNCO spectra of two intrinsically disordered proteins, osteopontin and CD44 cytoplasmic tail, show that this new approach makes it possible to determine TCs and their non‐linearities effectively. Non‐linearities, which indicate the presence of a compact state, are particularly interesting. The complete package of data acquisition and processing software for this new approach are provided.