bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structures and mechanical properties of electrospun cellulose nanofibers/poly(ε‐caprolactone) composites
Authors: Taniguchi Hotaka , Kurokawa Naruki , Inukai Shunya , Hotta Atsushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPoly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is one of the ecofriendly biodegradable polymers with excellent moldability but with rather low mechanical properties especially for the industrial and biomedical use. In this research, to overcome the problem, the two types of cellulose nanofibers, the cellulose acetate nanofibers (CA‐NF) and the cellulose nanofibers (C‐NF), were composited into PCL for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of PCL. CA‐NF were prepared by electrospinning and converted into C‐NF afterward by deacetylation. It was found that the Young's modulus of the CA‐NF/PCL composite at the fiber concentration of 35 wt% significantly increased by ~3 times as compared with that of neat PCL, whereas C‐NF/PCL of the same fiber concentration also increased by ~4.5 times. It was also found that the Young's moduli of CA‐NF/PCL nearly reached the theoretical values calculated by the equation suggested by Tsai, but that the Young's moduli of C‐NF/PCL could not reach the theoretical values. It indicates that CA‐NF possessed better compatibility with PCL than C‐NF, agreeing well with the fracture‐surface analyses of the two composites by the scanning electron microscopy.
Thiol functionalized polymer submicron particles prepared by soap‐free emulsion polymerization and their adsorption of lead ions in water
Authors: Li Lingxiao , Han Lu , Liu Xueyan , Xu Jianhong , Kan Chengyou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOxidization, thiol‐ene click addition, and inhibition of thiols make it hard to prepare thiol‐containing particles from free radical polymerization. Using methyl methacrylate (MMA) and a newly synthesized polymerizable 2‐(((2‐[pyridin‐2‐yldisulfanyl]ethoxy)carbonyl)amino) ethyl acrylate (PDSECAE) as monomers, the P(MMA‐co‐PDSECAE) submicron particles (SPs) were first prepared by soap‐free emulsion polymerization, in which the thiol was protected in the form of pyridyl disulfide group from side reactions. The thiol functionalized P(MMA‐co‐PDSECAE)‐SH SPs were obtained by post‐treating the SPs with dithiothreitol (DTT), and then used to adsorb Pb2+ in water. Results showed that in the preparation of these SPs, the initiator type, the initial pH and the PDSECAE dosage played an important role in the stability of polymerization and the resulted emulsions, and the colloid properties as well as the content of thiol groups of the P(MMA‐co‐PDSECAE)‐SH SPs. The P(MMA‐co‐PDSECAE)‐SH SPs had nearly 10 times greater Pb2+ adsorption capacity than the corresponding PMMA SPs or P(MMA‐co‐PDSECAE) SPs under optimized experimental conditions, and the adsorption capacity of Pb2+ increased with PDSECAE dosage and the DTT reduction time. Due to the relatively large specific surface area and easy preparation process, the P(MMA‐co‐PDSECAE)‐SH SPs have potential application value in the adsorption of heavy metal ions.
Investigation on two modification strategies for the reinforcement of biodegradable lignin/poly(lactic acid) blends
Authors: Ge Xin , Chang Mingming , Jiang Wei , Zhang Bangwen , Xing Ruiguang , Bulin Chaoke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work, biodegradable lignin/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends were prepared with melting compounding method. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and maleic anhydride (MA)/biphenyl peroxide (BPO) were used for the modification of the polymer blends, respectively. Structure of the polymer blends was characterized with Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of the samples were determined with universal test machine and dynamic mechanical analysis. Thermal behaviors and thermal stability of the blends were all characterized with a thermal gravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry simultaneous thermal analyzer. Lignin reinforced the mechanical strength of the blends while the thermal stability was not improved. At low content, DCP and MA/BPO apparently enhanced the mechanical strength of lignin/PLA blends. However, excessive DCP led to decreased tensile strength and elongation at break. Both DCP and MA/BPO resulted in lower glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA in the blends, while the thermal stability of the polymer blends was poorer after modification.
Episodic migraine and chest pain as the first manifestation of small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Torregrosa García Andrea , Medrano‐Martínez Vicente , Abuomar Adel , Francés‐Pont Irene , Hernández‐Rubio Lidia , Fernández‐Izquierdo Sebastian , Mallada‐Frechin Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMigraine‐like associated with chest pain is an alarming association and forces us to rule out the presence of a secondary cause. That must be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of craniofacial hemicranial pain that appears in patients with no personal history of headache, and risk factors for the development of pulmonary neoplasia.
Graphene for regenerative engineering
Authors: Laurencin Cato T. , Daneshmandi Leila 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince its discovery in 2004, graphene and the graphene family of materials (GFMs) have continued to garner worldwide interest due to their exceptional properties. Having expanded into biomedical applications, there has been a growing number of recent publications related to graphene‐based biomaterials for tissue and organ regeneration. In this article, we provide a short perspective on the current state and recent trends of graphene research in regenerative engineering and provide future perspectives on the developments in this field.
Advances in Transition Metal Seleno‐ and Tellurocarbonyl Chemistry
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F. , Watson Lachlan J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn contrast to the ubiquity of transition‐metal carbonyl, and (to a lesser extent) thiocarbonyl complexes, transition‐metal complexes of carbon monoselenide LnMCSe and monotelluride LnMCTe remain scarce. The last few years, however, have seen notable steps towards expanding this chemistry, specifically with regards to new systematic studies on homologous sets of chalcocarbonyl complexes LnMCE (E=O, S, Se, Te), the first reports of new bi‐ and polynuclear CSe and CTe bridging complexes and a confluence with metal carbido chemistry. Herein the properties, syntheses and reactions of these rare but fundamentally intriguing compounds are discussed.
Cyclodextrin‐Functionalised Nanomaterials for Enantiomeric Recognition
Authors: Hobbs Christopher , Řezanka Pavel , Řezanka Michal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCyclodextrins, which are glucose‐based cyclic oligosaccharides, are materials that can act inherently as chiral selectors, with many reports of the application of cyclodextrins in enantioseparation. However, many studies have encountered the problem of insufficient enantioselective performance of the chiral selector. One of the main reasons is due to low surface concertation's, whereby interaction between the chiral selector and analyte usually occurs at a surface. Thus, scientists have been trying for the last two decades to overcome this problem, with the incorporation of nanomaterials being promising as they possess a large surface area which allows for the accommodation of a higher concentration of the chiral selectors. Herein, we outline nanomaterial‐cyclodextrin conjugates that work in tandem to achieve or enhance enantioselectivity through various methods such as chromatography, adsorption, and removal using magnetic nanoparticles, or enantiorecognition using electrochemical techniques.
Ragweed and sagebrush pollen can distinguish between vegetation types at broad spatial scales
Authors: Carroll Hannah M. , Wanamaker Alan D. , Clark Lynn G. , Wilsey Brian J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatterns of vegetation distribution at regional to subcontinental scales can inform understanding of climate. Delineating ecoregion boundaries over geologic time is complicated by the difficulty of distinguishing between prairie types at broad spatial scales using the pollen record. Pollen ratios are sometimes employed to distinguish between vegetation types, although their applicability is often limited to a geographic range. The Neotoma Paleoecology Database offers an unparalleled opportunity to synthesize a large number of pollen datasets. Ambrosia (ragweed) is a genus of mesic‐adapted species sensitive to summer moisture. Artemisia (sagebrush, wormwood, mugwort) is a genus of dry‐mesic‐adapted species resilient to drought. The log pollen ratio between these two common taxa was calculated across the North American midcontinent from surface pollen samples housed in the Neotoma Paleoecology Database. The relative proportion of Ambrosia has roughly doubled since European settlement, likely due to widespread disturbance, while Artemisia proportions are nearly unchanged. Correcting surface samples for the disturbance signal in modern Ambrosia proportions will allow Ambrosia, a strong indicator of summer moisture, to be more accurately represented. In surface samples where both Ambrosia and Artemisia are reported as nonzero proportions of the pollen sum, mean annual precipitation explains approximately 78% of the variation in the log Ambrosia‐to‐Artemisia ratio. Application of this model to Little Ice Age pollen samples produces precipitation reconstructions which generally agree with reconstructions from independent non‐pollen proxies. In addition, we find that modern ecoregions within the North American midcontinent can be successfully distinguished from one another using the log Ambrosia‐to‐Artemisia ratio. These relationships can improve reconstructions of past climate and improve delineation of past ecoregion boundaries.
Multi‐scale spatial dynamics of the Chesapeake Bay nettle, Chrysaora chesapeakei
Authors: Shahrestani Suzan , Bi Hongsheng , Liang Dong , Lankowicz Katelynn , Fan Chunlei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUntangling organisms' multi‐scale spatial distributions is challenging due to their interactions with environments at multiple spatial and temporal scales. We deployed an Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar (ARIS) in a Chesapeake Bay sub‐estuary to investigate multi‐scale spatial distributions of the bay nettle (Chrysaora chesapeakei) in May–September of 2016 and 2017. Nettles were found to be dispersed in aggregations of multiple individuals. The average density of bay nettles in 2017 was higher than in 2016. Small aggregations (<5 m) were persistent in both years but only contributed <10% of total observed nettles. Large patches (>30 m) contributed ~40% of the total observed nettles. Large patches were more common in creek habitat where nettle density was higher. Nettle density was found to hit a peak value once in 2016, while there were two density peaks in 2017. Different aggregation patterns were observed during the second peak period in 2017 in which the number of large patches increased dramatically. Within the surveyed waterscape, the spatial patterns were consistent over time with higher abundance in the source creek than in the river channel, which underscores that C. chesapeakei requires hard substrate in shallow creeks for its benthic polyp stage. Using the ratio between nettles in the creek and near creek mouth as a proxy for dispersal rate, more nettles were transported out of the creek in 2017 than in 2016. The increase in patch size and high dispersion rate in peak periods in 2017 suggests that individuals were moving out of the creek habitat as density increased. Results highlight the complex spatial structure of bay nettles, which has major impacts on density estimates and subsequently affects our understanding of jellyfish population dynamics and long‐term trends.
Characterization of Trimethylolpropane‐Based Biolubricant
Authors: Nie Jieyu , Shim Youn Young , Shen Jianheng , Tse Timothy J. , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe oxidative stability index (OSI) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters or TMPE produced from five vegetable oils (Brassica rapa L., Linum usitatissimum L., Zea mays L., Brassica napus L., Camelina sativa L.) are compared. The highest stability is observed in vegetable oils while the processed products are less stable. The major causes in loss of OSI are attributed to excess FAME in the crude product and the loss of natural antioxidants due to refinement with silica and celite. The low‐temperature flow properties of TMPE produced from four different vegetable oils (B. juncea L., L. usitatissimum L., B. rapa L., and C. sativa L.) are investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR). The T2 relaxations of different TMPE are measured to observe how the mobility of oil changed as temperature decreased. Increased oil mobility (represented by T2) is correlated with rising temperature. The Gaussian widths of the singlet in 1H‐NMR spectra of each oil demonstrated increased molecular mobility as temperature increased. Extrapolation of the relation of T2 signals of these four oils indicates that T2 approached zero between 232 K and 239 K, suggesting the molecular motion leading to a T2 relaxation has largely ceased.Practical Applications: The OSI is determined for four vegetable oils as well as the product FAME and TMPE. The vegetable oils are more stable than their products. The loss of natural antioxidants during purification of FAME and TMPE contributes to the lower OSI compared to vegetable oil. The low‐temperature flow behavior of TMP‐based biolubricants is determined between 238 K and 298 K using T2 relaxation. As temperature decreases, a singlet resonance in 1H‐NMR spectra attributed to TMP protons broadens until it disappears. The results suggest that the log of the spin‐spin relaxation time is linearly correlated with rising temperature and oil mobility.
Assessment of genetic purity of bulked‐seed of rice CMS lines using capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Anupama Kornepati , Pranathi Karnati , Meenakshi Sundaram Raman 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenetically pure cytoplasmic male sterile line (A‐line) is essential to generate pure hybrid seeds in order to harness the yield heterosis in rice. Conventionally, seed purity testing is carried by grow‐out test, which has many limitations. Seed purity assessments based on molecular markers reduce the time required for analysis significantly. However, it is very tedious as at least 200–400 seeds/seedlings are needed to be analyzed individually. An assay based on bulked‐seed and molecular markers will be an ideal system. Keeping these points in view, in the present study, a co‐dominant mitochondrial marker was used to test the purity of bulked parental line (A‐line) seed utilizing CE system in a genetic analyzer. The results indicate that this method is very simple, accurate, and can be used to test purity of large number of samples rapidly in a cost‐effective way compared to grow‐out test and conventional molecular marker analysis.
High‐performance capillary electrophoresis to determine intact keratan sulfate and hyaluronic acid in animal origin chondroitin sulfate samples and food supplements
Authors: Restaino Odile Francesca , De Rosa Mario , Schiraldi Chiara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChondroitin sulfate is extracted from animal cartilaginous tissues and is commercialized as active principle against osteoarthritis. Its biological activity depends on its purity grade and could be altered by the presence of other glycosaminoglycans like keratan sulfate that could be contemporarily extracted from animal tissues or like hyaluronic acid that, instead, is added on purpose in food supplements. Although numerous methods are reported in literature for quality control analyses of chondroitin sulfate, few of them are able to detect other glycosaminoglycans. In this paper, for the first time, a new high‐performance CE method was set up to quantify the chondroitin sulfate, the eventual keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid as intact chains: five chondroitin sulfate standards and 13 animal origin samples or food supplements from six different suppliers were analyzed. The new method was able to determine keratan sulfate similarly to a previously reported high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography method, but in addition it showed the advantage to determine also the hyaluronic acid as never reported before.
Indirect genetic effects allow escape from the inefficient equilibrium in a coordination game
Authors: Bernard Arthur , Bredeche Nicolas , André Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSocial interactions involving coordination between individuals are subject to an “evolutionary trap.” Once a suboptimal strategy has evolved, mutants playing an alternative strategy are counterselected because they fail to coordinate with the majority. This creates a detrimental situation from which evolution cannot escape, preventing the evolution of efficient collective behaviors. Here, we study this problem using evolutionary robotics simulations. We first confirm the existence of an evolutionary trap in a simple setting. We then, however, reveal that evolution can solve this problem in a more realistic setting where individuals need to coordinate with one another. In this setting, simulated robots evolve an ability to adapt plastically their behavior to one another, as this improves the efficiency of their interaction. This ability has an unintended evolutionary consequence: a genetic mutation affecting one individual's behavior also indirectly alters their partner's behavior because the two individuals influence one another. As a consequence of this indirect genetic effect, pairs of partners can virtually change strategy together with a single mutation, and the evolutionary barrier between alternative strategies disappears. This finding reveals a general principle that could play a role in nature to smoothen the transition to efficient collective behaviors in all games with multiple equilibriums.
Manufacturing technology of banana‐assorted breads: The fermentative characteristics affected by different banana cultivars
Authors: Lin Li‐Yun , Peng Chiung Chi , Chen Kuan‐Chou , Wang Hui‐Er , Wang Chun‐Shen , Shen Kun Hung , Peng Robert Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTaiwan produces large quantities of bananas in the southern area. Recently, due to the export quantity has been greatly reduced, in order to efficiently maintain the banana agriculture and economy, the development of alternate uses of bananas has become urgently in need. Bananas contain a fair amount of nutrients with low glycemic index. Currently, as the bread consumption is increasing, we tried to manufacture banana‐assorted breads. The desiccated powders of Musa sapientum var TC2‐425 Linn [(genomically, called as Musa (AAA) (MA)] and Musa basjoo “Nam Wa” (MB) were separately incorporated at 15%, 20%, and 25% (denoted as MA15‐MA25 and MB15‐MB25). Results indicated that MA exhibited higher contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, and lutein, while with lower crude fat, crude fibers, carbohydrate, sodium, total soluble sugars, and pectin. The contents of taste compounds (name, samples in decreasing order) were as follows: 5′‐CMP (MB25, MB20); 5′‐GMP (MA25, MA20); 5′‐AMP (MB25, MA15); 5′‐XMP (MA25, MA20); 5′‐IMP (MA25, MB20, MB25); and 5′‐UMP (MA20, MA25, MB20). Hedonic scoring (HS) indicated MA15, MA20, MB15, and MB20 were more acceptable. Textural profile analysis (TPA; for 0–6 days, only 0–4 days are shown) revealed that “flavor,” “mouthfeel,” “hardness,” “gumminess,” and “chewiness” were the determinant key roles. Conclusively, due to different chemical constituent of banana, different recipes must be considered. The bread acceptability is affected by the fermentative profile which in turn is governed by the contents of soluble sugars, pectin, taste compounds, and the overall activity of yeast cells.
Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions and energy recovery from planting street trees
Authors: Chen Ying‐Chu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated street trees’ potential for energy recovery and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation/emissions throughout their lifespans. Trees can mitigate GHG emissions as a result of CO2 uptake during growth; but GHGs are emitted when the branches and/or leaves are used as compost or fuel for energy production at the end of its life. A 41‐year period (1976–2017) of the street trees along the sidewalks of the Tianliao river in Keelong city in Taiwan was taken a case study. The results showed that planting street trees helps mitigate climate change by reducing total GHG emissions (15 661 t CO2‐eq) and producing an amount of renewable energy ( kWh), that is around 1% of the renewable energy generated by 24 waste‐to‐energy plants in Taiwan. The GHG mitigation during the lifespans of street trees can efficiently compensate for the GHG emissions that occur during end‐of‐life treatment (including both incineration and composting). On average, around 40 t CO2‐eq of GHG mitigation would be achieved by planting a street tree. The cost‐effectiveness analysis showed that US$223 992 were saved over the study period due to the reduction in carbon tax achieved by the mitigation of GHGs. The results of this study should increase awareness on the importance of planting trees and managing wood waste in environmental protection strategies for mitigating climate change. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Status and strategies for the management of head and neck cancer during COVID‐19 pandemic: Indian scenario
Authors: Gupta Anand , Arora Vipin , Nair Deepa , Agrawal Nishant , Su Yu‐xiong , Holsinger F Christopher , Chan Jason Y K 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn India, oral cancer is the most common head and neck cancer (HNC) in men, mainly caused by the consumption of smoked and smokeless tobacco. During the current pandemic, delaying surgery for even 1 or 2 months may lead to more extensive surgery or inoperability, where only supportive care can be provided. Being semi‐emergent in nature, treatment for these patients is currently on hold or delayed in most centers across the country. This study was conducted to assess the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic and inability of the health system to treat HNC in a timely fashion and how surgeons are coping to this emergent situation. This article highlights the situation in India, a country burdened with one of the highest incidence rates of HNC.
Performing the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab for 2019‐novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) safely: How to dress, undress, and technical notes
Authors: Di Maio Pasquale , Iocca Oreste , Cavallero Antonio , Giudice Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo show how to safely perform nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs for 2019‐novel coronavirus.MethodsThe video describes in detail the dressing and undressing procedures of health personnel, with the appropriate personal protective equipment. Technical notes for the execution of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab are also provided to avoid sampling errors.ResultsThe undressing phase is the procedure with the highest risk of self‐contamination for the health worker. Following the various steps as shown in the video, there were no cases of contagion among the otolaryngology team appointed to perform the swabs for SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the technical feasibility of safely performing nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs for identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 viral RNA.