bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic meta‐analysis of obsessive–compulsive disorder and self‐report compulsive symptoms
Authors: Smit Dirk J. A. , Cath Danielle , Zilhão Nuno R. , Ip Hill F. , Denys Damiaan , den Braber Anouk , de Geus Eco J. C. , Verweij Karin J. H. , Hottenga Jouke‐Jan , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptoms from a population‐based sample could be analyzed to detect genetic variants influencing obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). We performed a genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on the obsession (rumination and impulsions) and compulsion (checking, washing, and ordering/precision) subscales of an abbreviated version of the Padua Inventory (N = 8,267 with genome‐wide genotyping and phenotyping). The compulsion subscale showed a substantial and significant positive genetic correlation with an OCD case–control GWAS (r
G = 0.61, p = .017) previously published by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC‐OCD). The obsession subscale and the total Padua score showed no significant genetic correlations (r
G = −0.02 and r
G = 0.42, respectively). A meta‐analysis of the compulsive symptoms GWAS with the PGC‐OCD revealed no genome‐wide significant Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs combined N = 17,992, indicating that the power is still low for individual SNP effects). A gene‐based association analysis, however, yielded two novel genes (WDR7 and ADCK1). The top 250 genes in the gene‐based test also showed a significant increase in enrichment for psychiatric and brain‐expressed genes. S‐Predixcan testing showed that for genes expressed in hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus significance increased in the meta‐analysis with compulsive symptoms compared to the original PGC‐OCD GWAS. Thus, the inclusion of dimensional symptom data in genome‐wide association on clinical case–control GWAS of OCD may be useful to find genes for OCD if the data are based on quantitative indices of compulsive behavior. SNP‐level power increases were limited, but aggregate, gene‐level analyses showed increased enrichment for brain‐expressed genes related to psychiatric disorders, and increased association with gene expression in brain tissues with known emotional, reward processing, memory, and fear‐formation functions.
Compatibility and mechanical properties of gelatin‐filled polybutylene succinate composites
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Yueru , Wang Lei , Li Sihan 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTGelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) with small size (200 nm) have been prepared by two‐step solvent removal method using glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The formation mechanism and characteristics were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Polybutylene succinate/gelatin (PBS/GEL) and polybutylene succinate/nanogelatin (PBS/GNPs) composites by solvent hybridization were prepared. The dispersion of GEL/GNPs in the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hybrid mechanism of GEL, GNPs, and PBS was explored. The results of FTIR and XPS indicated that the ─OH of GNPs was easier to obtain hydrogen bond with PBS. The swelling test showed that the swelling degree of PBS/GEL, PBS/GNPs reached 253 ± 8.65% and 308 ± 10.3% due to their good compatibility. Compared with pure PBS, especially when the ratio of PBS:GNPs was 1:0.75, the crystallinity of PBS/GNPs composites reached 36.43 ± 5.7%, the elongation at break and tensile strength were 49.0 ± 2.94% and 33.3 ± 2.62 MPa, respectively. Overall, GNPs have played an active role in the heterogeneous nucleation of PBS matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48881.
Graphite powder coated polyurethane sponge hollow tube as a high‐efficiency and cost‐effective oil‐removal materials for continuous oil collection from water surface
Authors: Zhang Tai , Xiao Changfa , Zhao Jian , Liu Xiaozhen , Huang Yan , Ji Dawei 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, the cost‐effective graphite powder (GPd)‐coated polyurethane (PGPd‐PU) sponge hollow tube (PGPd‐PUHT) was prepared for high‐efficient continuous oil removal, the hydrophobicity‐superoleophilicity PGPd‐PU sponge was fabricated through a simple dip‐coating method, which dipping PU sponge into GPd dispersion and drying, then coating polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on sponge skeleton, as‐prepared sponge could selectively absorb a variety of oils up to 34 times of its own weight for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The PGPd‐PUHT was preparedviawrapping PGPd‐PU sponge on porous tubular support. The obtained PGPd‐PUHT could continuously collect various types of oils from water surface with flux as high as 1.52 kL/m2h, and excellent separation efficiency (up to 97.7%) for toluene, as well as remarkable reusability. Moreover, a continuous floating oil collection device based on PGPd‐PUHT was designed which showed excellent floating oil collection ability. In addition, our strategy possesses the advantages of low cost, simple preparation, highly efficient, and easily scale‐up, showing a great potential for dealing with practical oil spill remediation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48921.
Dependency on Australian aid and the introduction of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati
Authors: Yates Rodney 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines dependency on Australian aid in the introduction of inclusive education initiatives in the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati through data analysis of documents and individual interview responses with key stakeholders from both the recipient and donor sides. The results indicate that the catalyst for inclusive education initiatives has been Australian aid highlighting a social justice issue, namely the exclusion of children with disabilities from school programs. Australian aid has shaped policy, funded inclusive education initiatives, and directly managed the programs through the externally controlled Kiribati Education Facility. The long‐term sustainability of inclusive education initiatives is uncertain if Australian aid priorities change and funding is withdrawn.
Gypenoside A protects ischemia/reperfusion injuries by suppressing miR‐143‐3p level via the activation of AMPK/Foxo1 pathway
Authors: Chang Liping , Shi Rui , Wang Xiujiang , Bao Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIschemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major side effect associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Gypenoside A (GP) is one of the dominant active components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and has the potential to attenuate myocardial I/R injuries. The major purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism driving the protective effect of GP on myocardial tissue by focusing on the interaction between GP and miR‐143‐3p. Cardiomyocytes were pre‐treated with GP and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/re‐oxygenation (OGD/R). Changes in cell viability, apoptosis, and expression levels of factors involved in the adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Foxo1‐mediated miR‐143‐3p pathway were detected. The levels of AMPK and miR‐143‐3p were then modulated using an inhibitor and a mimic, respectively, to confirm their central roles in the effect of GP. The administration of GP attenuated OGD/R‐induced injuries by increasing cell viability and suppressing apoptosis, which was associated with the activation of AMPK/Foxo1 signaling and the decreased level of miR‐143‐3p. The down‐regulation of AMPK and up‐regulation of miR‐143‐3p both counteracted the function of GP on cardiomyocytes. The role of miR‐143‐3p suppression in the anti‐I/R effect of GP was also verified with rat model. The injection of miR‐143‐3p agomir inhibited the cardio‐protective effect of GP in a manner similar to that in the in vitro assays. Our results confirm the cardio‐protective effect of GP, which is exerted by suppressing the level of miR‐143‐3p via the activation of AMPK signaling.
Expression and distribution of trophoblast glycoprotein in the mouse retina
Authors: Wakeham Colin M. , Ren Gaoying , Morgans Catherine W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe recently identified the leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) adhesion protein, trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG), as a novel PKCα‐dependent phosphoprotein in retinal rod bipolar cells (RBCs). Since TPBG has not been thoroughly examined in the retina, this study characterizes the localization and expression patterns of TPBG in the developing and adult mouse retina using two antibodies, one against the N‐terminal LRR domain and the other against the C‐terminal PDZ‐interacting motif. Both antibodies labeled RBC dendrites in the outer plexiform layer and axon terminals in the IPL, as well as a putative amacrine cell with their cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and a dense layer in the middle of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). In live transfected HEK293 cells, TPBG was localized to the plasma membrane with the N‐terminal LRR domain facing the extracellular space. TPBG immunofluorescence in RBCs was strongly altered by the loss of TRPM1 in the adult retina, with significantly less dendritic and axon terminal labeling in TRPM1 knockout compared to wild type, despite no change in total TPBG detected by immunoblotting. During retinal development, TPBG expression increases dramatically just prior to eye opening with a time course closely correlated with that of TRPM1 expression. In the retina, LRR proteins have been implicated in the development and maintenance of functional bipolar cell synapses, and TPBG may play a similar role in RBCs.
Deconstructing and Reconstructing Cheese Rind Microbiomes for Experiments in Microbial Ecology and Evolution
Authors: Cosetta Casey M. , Wolfe Benjamin E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCheese rind microbiomes are useful model systems for identifying the mechanisms that control microbiome diversity. Here, we describe the methods we have optimized to first deconstruct in situ cheese rind microbiome diversity and then reconstruct that diversity in laboratory environments to conduct controlled microbiome manipulations. Most cheese rind microbial species, including bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi, can be easily cultured using standard lab media. Colony morphologies of taxa are diverse and can often be used to distinguish taxa at the phylum and sometimes even genus level. Through the use of cheese curd agar medium, thousands of unique community combinations or microbial interactions can be assessed. Transcriptomic experiments and transposon mutagenesis screens can pinpoint mechanisms of interactions between microbial species. Our general approach of creating a tractable synthetic microbial community from cheese can be easily applied to other fermented foods to develop other model microbiomes. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of cheese rind microbial communitiesSupport Protocol 1: Preparation of plate count agar with milk and saltBasic Protocol 2: Identification of cheese rind bacterial and fungal isolates using 16S and ITS sequencesBasic Protocol 3: Preparation of experimental glycerol stocks of yeasts and bacteriaBasic Protocol 4: Preparation of experimental glycerol stocks of filamentous fungiBasic Protocol 5: Reconstruction of cheese rind microbial communities in vitroSupport Protocol 2: Preparation of lyophilized and powdered cheese curdSupport Protocol 3: Preparation of 10% cheese curd agar plates and tubesBasic Protocol 6: Interaction screens using responding lawnsSupport Protocol 4: Preparation of liquid 2% cheese curdBasic Protocol 7: Experimental evolutionBasic Protocol 8: Measuring community function: pH/acidificationBasic Protocol 9: Measuring community function: Pigment productionBasic Protocol 10: RNA sequencing of cheese rind biofilms
Regulating Hydrogenation Chemoselectivity of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes by Combination of Transfer and Catalytic Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhou Yangyang , Li Zihao , Liu Yanbo , Huo Jia , Chen Chen , Li Qiling , Niu Songyang , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo hydrogenation mechanisms, transfer and catalytic hydrogenation, were combined to achieve higher regulation of hydrogenation chemoselectivity of cinnamyl aldehydes. Transfer hydrogenation with ammonia borane exclusively reduced C=O bonds to get cinnamyl alcohol, and Pt‐loaded metal–organic layers efficiently hydrogenated C=C bonds to synthesize phenyl propanol with almost 100 % conversion rate. The hydrogenation could be performed under mild conditions without external high‐pressure hydrogen and was applicable to various α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
Discriminating Bacterial Phenotypes at the Population and Single‐Cell Level: A Comparison of Flow Cytometry and Raman Spectroscopy Fingerprinting
Authors: García‐Timermans Cristina , Rubbens Peter , Heyse Jasmine , Kerckhof Frederiek‐Maarten , Props Ruben , Skirtach Andre G. , Waegeman Willem , Boon Nico 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInvestigating phenotypic heterogeneity can help to better understand and manage microbial communities. However, characterizing phenotypic heterogeneity remains a challenge, as there is no standardized analysis framework. Several optical tools are available, such as flow cytometry and Raman spectroscopy, which describe optical properties of the individual cell. In this work, we compare Raman spectroscopy and flow cytometry to study phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial populations. The growth stages of three replicateEscherichia colipopulations were characterized using both technologies. Our findings show that flow cytometry detects and quantifies shifts in phenotypic heterogeneity at the population level due to its high‐throughput nature. Raman spectroscopy, on the other hand, offers a much higher resolution at the single‐cell level (i.e., more biochemical information is recorded).Therefore, it can identify distinct phenotypic populations when coupled with analyses tailored toward single‐cell data. In addition, it provides information about biomolecules that are present, which can be linked to cell functionality. We propose a computational workflow to distinguish between bacterial phenotypic populations using Raman spectroscopy and validated this approach with an external data set. We recommend using flow cytometry to quantify phenotypic heterogeneity at the population level, and Raman spectroscopy to perform a more in‐depth analysis of heterogeneity at the single‐cell level. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Task scheduling mechanisms in cloud computing: A systematic review
Authors: Amini Motlagh Aida , Movaghar Ali , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: December 2019

SummaryToday, cloud computing has developed as one of the important emergent technologies in communication and Internet. It offers on demand, pay per use access to infrastructure, platforms, and applications. Due to the increase in its popularity, the huge number of requests need to be handled in an efficient manner. Task scheduling as one of the challenges in the cloud computing supports the requests for assigning a particular resource so as to perform effectively. In the resource management, task scheduling is performed where there is the dependency between tasks. Many approaches and case studies have been developed for the scheduling of these tasks. Up to now, a systematic literature review (SLR) has not been presented to discover and evaluate the task scheduling approaches in the cloud computing environment. To overcome, this paper presents an SLR‐based analysis on the task scheduling approaches that classify into (a) single cloud environments that evaluate cost‐aware, energy‐aware, multi‐objective, and QoS‐aware approaches in task scheduling; (b) multicloud environment that evaluates cost‐aware, multi‐objective, and QoS‐aware task scheduling; and (c) mobile cloud environment that is energy‐aware and QoS‐aware task scheduling. The analytical discussions are provided to show the advantages and limitations of the existing approaches.
MIMO iterative receiver SNR estimation strategies for link to system interfacing
Authors: Khan Asif , Zaib Alam , Ullah Irfan , Khattak Shahid 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper presents link to system (L2S) interfacing technique for multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) iterative receivers. In L2S interfacing, usually the post detection signal to noise ratio (SNR)‐based frame error rate lookup tables (LUT) are used to predict the link level performance of receivers. While L2S interfacing for linear MIMO receivers can be conveniently implemented, it is more challenging for MIMO iterative receivers due to unavailability of the closed form SNR expressions. In this paper, we propose three methods for post detection SNR estimation for MIMO iterative receivers. The first is based on the QR decomposition of the channel matrix, the second relies on the residual noise calculation based on the soft symbols, and the third exploits the closed form SNR expressions for linear receivers. A link to system interface model for iterative receivers is developed for evaluating the reference curves for different modulation and coding schemes, and results are validated by comparing the simulated and predicted frame error rates. It is shown that linear and residual noise‐based SNR approximations result in a very good prediction performance whereas the performance of QR decomposition‐based method degrades for higher order modulations and coding schemes.This paper presents link to system interfacing technique for MIMO iterative receivers. A link to system interface model for iterative receivers is developed for evaluating the reference curves for different modulation and coding schemes, and results are validated by comparing the simulated and predicted frame error rates. Three post detection SNR evaluation schemes have been proposed for link to system interfacing all of which give good prediction performance especially at lower order modulation.
Do different rates of gene flow underlie variation in phenotypic and phenological clines in a montane grasshopper community?
Authors: Slatyer Rachel A. , Schoville Sean D. , Nufio César R. , Buckley Lauren B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSpecies responses to environmental change are likely to depend on existing genetic and phenotypic variation, as well as evolutionary potential. A key challenge is to determine whether gene flow might facilitate or impede genomic divergence among populations responding to environmental change, and if emergent phenotypic variation is dependent on gene flow rates. A general expectation is that patterns of genetic differentiation in a set of codistributed species reflect differences in dispersal ability. In less dispersive species, we predict greater genetic divergence and reduced gene flow. This could lead to covariation in life‐history traits due to local adaptation, although plasticity or drift could mirror these patterns. We compare genome‐wide patterns of genetic structure in four phenotypically variable grasshopper species along a steep elevation gradient near Boulder, Colorado, and test the hypothesis that genomic differentiation is greater in short‐winged grasshopper species, and statistically associated with variation in growth, reproductive, and physiological traits along this gradient. In addition, we estimate rates of gene flow under competing demographic models, as well as potential gene flow through surveys of phenological overlap among populations within a species. All species exhibit genetic structure along the elevation gradient and limited gene flow. The most pronounced genetic divergence appears in short‐winged (less dispersive) species, which also exhibit less phenological overlap among populations. A high‐elevation population of the most widespread species, Melanoplus sanguinipes, appears to be a sink population derived from low elevation populations. While dispersal ability has a clear connection to the genetic structure in different species, genetic distance does not predict growth, reproductive, or physiological trait variation in any species, requiring further investigation to clearly link phenotypic divergence to local adaptation.
Urban soil carbon and nitrogen converge at a continental scale
Authors: Trammell Tara L. E. , Pataki Diane E. , Pouyat Richard V. , Groffman Peter M. , Rosier Carl , Bettez Neil , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Grove Morgan J. , Hall Sharon J. , Heffernan James , Hobbie Sarah E. , Morse Jennifer L. , Neill Christopher , Steele Meredith 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn urban areas, anthropogenic drivers of ecosystem structure and function are thought to predominate over larger‐scale biophysical drivers. Residential yards are influenced by individual homeowner preferences and actions, and these factors are hypothesized to converge yard structure across broad scales. We examined soil total C and total δ13C, organic C and organic δ13C, total N, and δ15N in residential yards and corresponding reference ecosystems in six cities across the United States that span major climates and ecological biomes (Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Miami, Florida; Minneapolis‐St. Paul, Minnesota; and Phoenix, Arizona). Across the cities, we found soil C and N concentrations and soil δ15N were less variable in residential yards compared to reference sites supporting the hypothesis that soil C, N, and δ15N converge across these cities. Increases in organic soil C, soil N, and soil δ15N across urban, suburban, and rural residential yards in several cities supported the hypothesis that soils responded similarly to altered resource inputs across cities, contributing to convergence of soil C and N in yards compared to natural systems. Soil C and N dynamics in residential yards showed evidence of increasing C and N inputs to urban soils or dampened decomposition rates over time that are influenced by climate and/or housing age across the cities. In the warmest cities (Los Angeles, Miami, Phoenix), greater organic soil C and higher soil δ13C in yards compared to reference sites reflected the greater proportion of C4plants in these yards. In the two warm arid cities (Los Angeles, Phoenix), total soil δ13C increased and organic soil δ13C decreased with increasing home age indicating greater inorganic C in the yards around newer homes. In general, soil organic C and δ13C, soil N, and soil δ15N increased with increasing home age suggesting increased soil C and N cycling rates and associated12C and14N losses over time control yard soil C and N dynamics. This study provides evidence that conversion of native reference ecosystems to residential areas results in convergence of soil C and N at a continental scale. The mechanisms underlying these effects are complex and vary spatially and temporally.