bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Composition Differences of Periphyton, Crustaceans, and Small Fishes in Response to Eutrophication and Management in the Florida Everglades,USA
Authors: Bellinger Brent J. , Cook Mark I. , Hagerthey Scot E. , Newman Susan , Kobza Robert M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEutrophication of the Florida Everglades, USA, has altered the characteristics of the ecosystem, but management strategies are being implemented to accelerate recovery. In this study, we described lipid compositional similarities and differences between periphyton, fish, and crustaceans, and explored if eutrophication and creation of new open‐water sloughs in phosphorus (P)‐impacted regions of a Northern Everglades impoundment resulted in changes in periphyton biomass and lipid composition, and the lipid composition of a ubiquitous omnivore,Gambusia holbrooki. Lipid biomarker analysis provided insight into microbial community composition, quality of basal resources, and potential resources utilized by consumers. Periphyton biomass and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition differed in response to eutrophication, but not between P‐impacted control and treatment plots. Shifts in relative abundances of lipids indicative of diatoms and green algae mirrored known taxonomic shifts due to eutrophication. For fauna, PLFA were a small and relatively distinct component of the overall total lipid make‐up, and profiles were similar between control and treatment plots. However, the PLFA profile ofG. holbrookidiffered between oligotrophic and eutrophic regions. Fish and crustacean lipids contained significantly greater relative abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acids than were found in periphyton, and profiles differed between fish and crustaceans, suggesting organisms were selectively accumulating or elongating and desaturating lipidsde novo, to meet physiological needs. This study builds on findings of microbial responses to eutrophication and recent observations that consumer PLFA profiles can also shift with P‐enrichment.
Influence of Alkyl Substitution Position on Wide‐Bandgap Polymers in High‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Qing , Li Wanbin , Li Guangda , Wang Kun , Guo Xia , Zhang Maojie , Li Yongfang , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo wide‐bandgap (WBG) conjugated polymers (PBPD‐p and PBPD‐m) based on phenyl‐substituted benzodithiophene (BDT) with the different substitution position of the alkyl side chain and benzodithiophene‐4,8‐dione (BDD) units are designed and synthesized to investigate the influence of alkyl substitution position on the photovoltaic performance of polymers in polymer solar cells (PSCs). The thermogravimetric analysis, absorption spectroscopy, molecular energy level, X‐ray diffraction, charge transport and photovoltaic performance of the polymers are systematically studied. Compared with PBPD‐p, PBPD‐m exhibits a slight blue‐shift but a deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, a tighter alkyl chain packing and a higher hole mobility. The PBPD‐m‐based PSCs blended with acceptor IT‐4F shows a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.95% with a high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.88 V, a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 19.76 mA cm−2 and a fill factor (FF) of 68.7% when compared with the PCE of 6.97% with a Voc of 0.81 V, a Jsc of 15.97 mA cm−2 and an FF of 53.9% for PBPD‐p. These results suggest that it is a feasible and effective strategy to optimize photovoltaic properties of WBG polymers by changing the substitution position of alkyl side chain in PSCs.
Visible Light—Responsive Drug Delivery Nanoparticle via Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASA)
Authors: Yap Jeaniffer E. , Zhang Lin , Lovegrove Jordan T. , Beves Jonathon E. , Stenzel Martina H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive drug release from a nanocarrier triggered by light enables the control of the amount of drug locally. Here, block copolymer micelles based on poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) as the hydrophilic block and a polymer with pendant donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) are used as a means to trigger the release of drugs under green light. The micelles are loaded with ellipticine to yield light‐responsive nanoparticles with sizes of around 35 nm according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Two micelles with a drug loading content of 4.75 and 7.4 wt% are prepared, but the micelle with the higher drug loading content leads to substantial protein adsorption. The release of ellipticine from the micelle, which is monitored using the polarity‐sensitive fluorescence of ellipticine, can be switched on by light and off by thermal recovery of DASA in the dark. The micelles are readily taken up by Michigan Cancer Foundation‐7 breast cancer cells. Subsequent light irradiation leads to enhanced drug release inside the cell as seen by the enhanced fluorescence.
Cryogelation of Human Hair Keratins
Authors: Chua Huei Min , Zhao Zhitong , Ng Kee Woei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman hair keratins (HHK) are known for their biocompatibility and potential to regulate cell response, possibly due to the presence of the leucine‐aspartic‐valine cell adhesion and signaling motifs. Together with the abundance of cysteine residues in HHK, 3D HHK scaffolds are fabricated through cryogelation based on spontaneous disulfide crosslinks and noncovalent interactions. Herein, the molecular mechanism of HHK self‐assembly during cryogelation is interrogated and the influence of cryogelation parameters on the properties of the resultant scaffolds is studied. With successive freeze–thaw cycles, the storage modulus (G′) of HHK cryogels substantially improves from 116.4 Pa at freeze–thaw cycle 3 (FT3) to 1908.7 Pa at freeze–thaw cycle 10 (FT10). Meanwhile, it is found that complete thiol‐capping of HHK samples significantly inhibits cryogel formation as compared to partially or uncapped HHK samples, suggesting the dominant role of disulfide stabilization in cryogelation. Finally, uniaxial compression tests on HHK sponges demonstrate that FT cycling, from 0 to 10, is able to improve the compression modulus of sponges by ≈12‐folds. These findings show that macroscale properties of HHK cryogels can be conveniently modulated by physical parameters of cryogelation and that disulfide bonding is the main stabilizing force in HHK cryogels.
Photo‐Degradable Micelles Capable of Releasing of Carbon Monoxide under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhang Mingyang , Cheng Jian , Huang Xuming , Zhang Guoying , Ding Shenggang , Hu Jinming , Qiao Ruirui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of many diseases. However, the therapeutic outcome is highly dependent on the dosages and administration sites. Hence, there is mounting interest in the development of CO‐releasing materials to accomplish site‐specific and dose‐controlled delivery of CO. Herein, a micellar nanoparticle platform for the photo‐mediated release of CO by using amphiphilic triblock copolymers bearing CO‐releasing moieties of 3‐hydroxylflavone (3‐HF) derivatives within the middle blocks is developed. These micelles are relatively stable without CO leakage but undergo visible light‐mediated CO release and simultaneous main chain scission. Moreover, these micellar nanoparticles are cytocompatible regardless of light irradiation, which shows unique anti‐inflammatory performance only after light irradiation as a result of photo‐triggered CO release. This work may represent the first example of main‐chain degradable micellar nanocarriers with controlled CO‐releasing performance for potential anti‐inflammatory applications.
Synthesis of a Renewable, Waste‐Derived Nonisocyanate Polyurethane from Fish Processing Discards and Cashew Nutshell‐Derived Amines
Authors: Laprise Courtney M. , Hawboldt Kelly A. , Kerton Francesca M. , Kozak Christopher M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWaste‐derived fish oil (FO) can be epoxidized and reacted with CO2 to produce a cyclic carbonate containing material. Upon reaction with a bioderived amine, this leads to the formation of nonisocyanate polyurethane materials. The FO used is extracted from the by‐products produced at fish processing plants, including heads, bones, skin, and viscera. Three different methods are used for the epoxidation of the FO: (i) oxidation by 3‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid, (ii) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, catalyzed by sulfuric acid, and (iii) oxidation by hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by formic acid. Synthesized FO epoxides are reacted with CO2 to yield FO cyclic carbonates with high conversions. The products are characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and viscometry. Using a biomass‐derived amine, nonisocyanate polyurethane materials are synthesized. This process can lead to new opportunities in waste management, producing valuable materials from a resource that is otherwise underutilized.
TRPS1 mutation detection in Chinese patients with Tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome and identification of four novel mutations
Authors: Wang Chen , Xu Yufei , Qing Yanrong , Yao Ruen , Li Niu , Wang Xiumin , Yu Tingting , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniofacial and skeletal malformations including short stature, thin scalp hair, sparse lateral eyebrows, a pear‐shaped nose, and cone‐shaped epiphyses. This condition is caused by haploinsufficiency or dominant‐negative effect of the TRPS1 gene.MethodsIn this study, we analyzed the clinical and genetic data of five unrelated TRPS patients. They were suspected of having TRPS on the basis of clinical and radiological features including typical hair and facial features, as well as varying degrees of skeletal abnormalities. Next‐generation sequencing was performed to identify variants of the TRPS1 gene in the five patients.ResultsIn patient 1, we found a novel mutation at c.1338C>A (p.Tyr446*) (de novo). Patient 2 had a novel phenotype of hydrocephaly and Arnold–Chiari syndrome and we also found a maternally inherited novel mutation at c.2657C>A (p.Ser886*). Patient 3 had a de novo novel mutation at c.2726G>C (p.Cys909Ser) leading to more severe phenotypes. Patient 4 had a paternally inherited known mutation at c.2762G>A (p.Arg921Gln). Patient 5 with a novel phenotype of hepatopathy had a novel deletion at [GRCh37] del(8)(q23.3‐q24.11) chr8:g.116,420,724‐119,124,058 (over 2,700 kb). In addition, the patient 3 who harboring missense variants in the GATA binding domain of TRPS1 showed more severe craniofacial and skeletal phenotypes.ConclusionsWe describe four novel mutations and two novel phenotypes in five patients. The mutational and phenotypic spectrum of TRPS is broadened by our study on TRPS mutations. Our results reveal the significance of molecular analysis of TRPS1 for improving the clinical diagnosis of TRPS.
Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, and Urinary Excretion of Pyridines After Consumption of Coffee and Cocoa‐Based Products Containing Coffee in a Repeated Dose, Crossover Human Intervention Study
Authors: Bresciani Letizia , Tassotti Michele , Rosi Alice , Martini Daniela , Antonini Monica , Dei Cas Alessandra , Bonadonna Riccardo , Brighenti Furio , Del Rio Daniele , Mena Pedro 
Published: August 2020

ScopeThe present study assesses the absorption, pharmacokinetics, and urinary excretion of coffee pyridines and their metabolites after daily regular exposure to specific dosages of coffee or cocoa‐based products containing coffee (CBPCC), considering different patterns of consumption.Methods and resultsIn a three‐arm, crossover, randomized trial, 21 volunteers are requested to randomly consume for 1 month: one cup of espresso coffee per day, three cups of espresso coffee per day, or one cup of espresso coffee plus two CBPCC twice per day. The last day of the one‐month treatment, blood and urine samples are collected for 24 h. Trigonelline, N‐methylpyridinium, N‐methylnicotinamide, and N‐methyl‐4‐pyridone‐5‐carboxamide are quantified. Trigonelline and N‐methylpyridinium absorption curves and 24‐h urinary excretion reflect the daily consumption of different servings of coffee or CBPCC, showing also significant differences in main pharmacokinetic parameters. Moreover, inter‐subject variability due to sex and smoking is assessed, showing sex‐related differences in the metabolism of trigonelline and smoking‐related ones for N‐methylpyridinium.ConclusionThe daily exposure to coffee pyridines after consumption of different coffee dosages in a real‐life setting is established. This data will be useful for future studies aiming at evaluating the bioactivity of coffee‐derived circulating metabolites in cell experiments, mimicking more realistic experimental conditions.
Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy comparing polypropylene mesh with polyvinylidene fluoride mesh for pelvic organ prolapse: Technique description and long term outcomes
Authors: Kavallaris Andreas , Zygouris Dimitrios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (LSCP) and compare the long‐term outcomes and complication rates of polypropelene (PP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), following up within a minimum of 12 months.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using patients who underwent LSCP for POP involving either PP or PVDF mesh between January 2011 and January 2018.ResultsOur study focused on 172 women who underwent LSCP with mesh between January 2011 and January 2018. All procedures were successfully completed laparoscopically, and patients' baseline characteristics were not statistically different in the two groups. Between January 2011 and December 2014, we performed 82 cases of LSC, mainly using PP mesh. Over the last 5 years, since January 2015, we have used PVDF mesh for POP.ConclusionsLSCP using PVDF mesh was found to provide excellent anatomical and functional outcomes after a median follow‐up duration of 41 months, compared with the PP group, which had a median follow‐up duration of 54 months. Mesh infection and erosion rates in the PP group were significantly higher than those in the PVDF group. Additionally, rates of vaginal pain and discomfort were significantly lower in the PVDF group when compared with the PP group.
A fast boundary element based solver for localized inelastic deformations
Authors: Ciardo Federico , Lecampion Brice , Fayard François , Chaillat Stéphanie 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe present a numerical method for the solution of nonlinear geomechanical problems involving localized deformation along shear bands and fractures. We leverage the boundary element method to solve for the quasi‐static elastic deformation of the medium while rigid‐plastic constitutive relations govern the behavior of displacement discontinuity (DD) segments capturing localized deformations. A fully implicit scheme is developed using a hierarchical approximation of the boundary element matrix. Combined with an adequate block preconditioner, this allows to tackle large problems via the use of an iterative solver for the solution of the tangent system. Several two‐dimensional examples of the initiation and growth of shear‐bands and tensile fractures illustrate the capabilities and accuracy of this technique. The method does not exhibit any mesh dependency associated with localization provided that (i) the softening length‐scale is resolved and (ii) the plane of localized deformations is discretized a priori using DD segments.
Commercialization and nonprofit donations: A meta‐analytic assessment and extension
Authors: Hung ChiaKo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCommercialization is a primary interest within the nonprofit sector. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between commercialization and nonprofit donations in a wide variety of contexts. This meta‐analysis synthesizes the research on the relationship by using 295 effects from 25 primary studies and explains variations in effects within and across the studies by including a series of moderators in random‐effects meta‐regression models. The results indicate that commercialization crowds out donations. The crowding‐out effect is small. Moreover, the results indicate that mission‐driven commercial revenues return a more negative effect; international development and public benefit nonprofits return a more negative effect; and studies using longitudinal data demonstrate a more positive effect. This study suggests that nonprofit commercialization is more a question of how rather than whether. Devoting more scholarly attention to underlying mechanisms between commercial revenues and nonprofit donations is desirable.
Fast calculation based on a spatial two‐grid finite element algorithm for a nonlinear space–time fractional diffusion model
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Nan , Li Hong , Wang Jinfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, a spatial two‐grid finite element (TGFE) algorithm is used to solve a two‐dimensional nonlinear space–time fractional diffusion model and improve the computational efficiency. First, the second‐order backward difference scheme is used to formulate the time approximation, where the time‐fractional derivative is approximated by the weighted and shifted Grünwald difference operator. In order to reduce the computation time of the standard FE method, a TGFE algorithm is developed. The specific algorithm is to iteratively solve a nonlinear system on the coarse grid and then to solve a linear system on the fine grid. We prove the scheme stability of the TGFE algorithm and derive a priori error estimate with the convergence result O(Δt2 + hr + 1 − η + H2r + 2 − 2η). Finally, through a two‐dimensional numerical calculation, we improve the computational efficiency and reduce the computation time by the TGFE algorithm.
Caring for Cinderella—Perceptions and experiences of peatland restoration in Scotland
Authors: Byg Anja , Novo Paula , Kyle Carol 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

In this paper, we look at people's engagement with peatlands and peatland restoration in Scotland through the lens of care. Care is an elementary aspect of how we relate to each other and the world around us.

Our results highlight the importance of personal experiences and relationships and embodied learning in fostering and defining care.

The results also point to difficult questions about what it means to care well and the factors influencing people's capacity to care. While focusing on care thus does not automatically resolve or overcome conflicts or barriers, it acknowledges that even those that have different views may care and it can help legitimize emotional and personal experiences and attachments.

Our study also showed that uncertainty and lack of knowledge can open up spaces of opportunity if they are openly acknowledged, for example, through appropriate structures (e.g. in the form of flexible funding schemes) which allow for the co‐creation of knowledge and caring practices between experts, lay people and non‐human others through experimental practices, experiences and reflection.

Given the accelerating and severe changes currently happening in the biosphere, a focus on care seems more important than ever before.
A study assessing the feasibility of randomization of pediatric and young adult patients between matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation and immune‐suppressive therapy for newly diagnosed severe aplastic anemia: A joint pilot trial of the North American Pediatric Aplastic Anemia Consortium and the Pediatric Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Consortium
Authors: Pulsipher Michael A. , Lehmann Leslie E. , Bertuch Alison A. , Sasa Ghadir , Olson Timothy , Nakano Taizo , Gilio Alfred , Burroughs Lauri M. , Lipton Jeffrey M. , Huang James N. , Dickerson Kathryn E. , Bertaina Alice , Zhuang Cindy , Malsch Maggie , Fleming Mark , Weller Edie , Shimamura Akiko , Williams David A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent data show survival after matched unrelated donor (MUD) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is similar to matched sibling procedures for young patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). Donor delays, risk of transplant‐related mortality (TRM), and concern about chronic graft versus host disease raise questions about whether MUD BMT or immune suppression therapy (IST) should be preferred initial therapy for young patients lacking matched sibling donors.ProcedureWe performed a pilot trial to assess the feasibility of randomizing patients under age 26 with newly diagnosed SAA to receive IST versus MUD BMT. Primary aims assessed the acceptability of randomization and timing of BMT. Secondary aims measured toxicities, response, and survival.ResultsSixty‐seven patients with possible SAA were screened at nine centers. Of 57 with confirmed SAA, 23 underwent randomization and received therapy with a median follow‐up of 18 months. Of 12 randomized to BMT, 10 started BMT as initial therapy at a median of 36 days after randomization. One BMT recipient experienced secondary graft failure, requiring a second procedure. Six of 11 randomized to IST responded, whereas five with refractory disease underwent successful salvage BMT. One patient achieving complete response relapsed after discontinuation of immune suppression and died of infection after salvage BMT.ConclusionsThis feasibility study showed that a high percentage of patients underwent randomization and received up‐front MUD BMT. Our study lays the groundwork for a larger randomized trial that will define best initial therapy for young patients with SAA who have an available MUD.
Surgical management of extremity rhabdomyosarcoma: A consensus opinion from the Children's Oncology Group, the European Pediatric Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Study Group, and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe
Authors: Morris Carol D. , Tunn Per‐Ulf , Rodeberg David A. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Sheila , Binitie Odion , Godzinski Jan , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Million Lynn , Hawkins Douglas S. , Koscielniak Ewa , Bisogno Gianni , Rogers Timothy N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe treatment of extremity rhabdomyosarcoma remains a challenge due to several adverse prognostic factors frequently associated with this tumor site. The International Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Database Consortium (INSTRuCT) is a collaboration of the Children's Oncology Group Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Committee, the European Pediatric Soft‐Tissue Sarcoma Study Group, and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe. The INSTRuCT surgical committee developed an internationally applicable consensus opinion document for the surgical treatment of extremity rhabdomyosarcoma. This document addresses surgical management, including biopsy, nodal staging, timing of therapy, resection and reexcision, reconstruction, and surgical approach at relapse.