bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of preform structures on the mechanical and ablation properties of C/ZrC‐SiC composites
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hui , Li Ke‐Zhi , Bai Long‐teng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of preform structures on the mechanical and ablation properties of C/ZrC‐SiC composites, 3D4X, 3D5X and 3DZC C/ZrC‐SiC composites were fabricated with the same process. The mechanical and ablation properties of 3D4X, 3D5X, and 3DZC C/ZrC‐SiC composites were investigated. Results showed that the tensile strength (122.26 MPa) and bending strength (233.29 MPa) of 3D5X C/ZrC‐SiC composites were the largest, followed by the tensile strength (112.79 MPa) and bending strength (203.03 MPa) of 3DZC composites and the tensile strength (86.22 MPa) and bending strength (137.59 MPa) of 3D4X composites. The mechanical properties of C/ZrC‐SiC composites were mainly related to the fiber content in the axis direction and matrix compactness. In terms of ablation properties, 3DZC C/ZrC‐SiC composites acted out the worst performance (the linear ablation rates of 0.0293 mm/s and the mass ablation rates 0.00766 g/s), followed by 3D4X composites (the linear ablation rates of 0.0276 mm/s and the mass ablation rates 0.00683 g/s) and 3D5X composites (the linear ablation rates of 0.0175 mm/s and the mass ablation rates 0.00653 g/s), respectively, which were mainly due to the specific ablation angles, thermal conductivities, and ablation oxides contents caused by fiber volume fraction, braided angles, and other forming parameters.
A Contextual Analysis to Explore Barriers and Facilitators of Pain Management in Swiss Nursing Homes
Authors: Brunkert Thekla , Simon Michael , Ruppen Wilhelm , Zúñiga Franziska 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeAs part of a contextual analysis, this study aimed to generate a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators to pain management in nursing homes to identify potential leverage points for future implementation studies.DesignAn explanatory sequential mixed‐methods study embedded in a cross‐sectional study in 20 Swiss nursing homes (data collection: July–December 2016).MethodsQuantitative data were collected via care worker questionnaire surveys comprising 20 items assessing perceptions of barriers to pain management. Descriptive statistics were computed. In the subsequent qualitative strand we conducted four focus group discussions with care workers (registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and nursing aides) using a knowledge‐mapping approach. Findings of both strands were merged and mapped onto domains of the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation determine Behavior (COM‐B) system, a model for behavior, to identify determinants for behavior change.FindingsData from 343 completed care worker surveys (response rate 67.3%) and four focus groups with care workers were analyzed. Items rated most problematic were as follows: lack of availability of nonpharmacological treatment (60.9%), lack of application of nonpharmacological treatment (53.6%), reluctance of residents to report pain (51.1%), and lack of time for a comprehensive pain assessment (50.5%). Focus groups partly corroborated quantitative findings and complemented them with facilitators, such as close collaboration with physicians and further barriers (e.g., organizational factors such as high turnover and a lack of established routines in pain management).ConclusionsOur approach using a behavioral model highlighted a need for implementation strategies that improve pain management knowledge and focus on motivational aspects to establish new routines and habits related to pain management among care workers.Clinical RelevanceOur findings suggest that future approaches to improve pain management in nursing homes should go beyond provision of education and training. To establish new practices or adapt existing ones, a more complex approach (e.g., introduction of external or internal facilitators) is necessary to influence motivation and ultimately change behavior.
Grading of oral squamous cell carcinomas – Intra and interrater agreeability: Simpler is better?
Authors: Steigen Sonja E. , Søland Tine M. , Nginamau Elisabeth Sivy , Laurvik Helene , Costea Daniela‐Elena , Johannessen Anne Christine , Jebsen Peter , Bjerkli Inger‐Heidi , Uhlin‐Hansen Lars , Hadler‐Olsen Elin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have been presented on histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) for predicting survival, but uncertainty of their usefulness rises due to discordances of results. A scoring system should be robust and well validated, and intra‐ and interrater agreement can be used as a tool to visualize the strength of reproducibility.MethodsHere, we present an intra‐ and inter‐observer study on evaluation of OSCC using some of the most common histopathological parameters. The observers were from different Norwegian university hospitals, and calibration to ensure accuracy was first performed. Percentage of the agreement was calculated for the score made by the individual observer at different times, as well as between pairs of observers.ResultsThe evaluation made by the same observer at two different time points (intrarater) correlated better than observations made by different participants (interrater). In an attempt to increase the rate of agreement, many of the parameters were either dichotomized into simply low‐ and high grade, or to a three‐tier system when more than three options in the original design. This increased the concurrence with 15.4% for the intrarater and with 23% for the interrater comparisons.ConclusionHigh agreement for histopathological parameters can be difficult to obtain on hematoxylin and eosin staining in scoring systems with many options. A simpler system might be more advantageous to achieve higher degree of reproducibility.
Oral granular cell tumour: A multicentric study of 56 cases and a systematic review
Authors: Lafuente Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , López Ortega Karem , Trierveiler Marília , Oliveira Alves Monica Ghislaine , Dias Almeida Janete , Gándara Vila Pilar , Aguirre Urízar José Manuel , Pérez Sayans Mario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveGranular cell tumour (GCT) is a benign neoplasm that originates from Schwann cells. Within the oral cavity, it usually appears as a lingual nodule and especially amongst female adults. Histologically, GCT shows a proliferation of polygonal cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which can be associated with a pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH). In this study, we analyse the main clinicopathological data of intraoral GCT and we compare our results with previous studies.Material and MethodsWe have studied a series of 56 cases of oral GCT in Spain and Brazil, and we have conducted a systematic review in PubMed, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases, using the keywords: “granular cell tumour” and oral.ResultsIn our series, GCT appeared as an asymptomatic benign tumour that is more frequent in women and in the tongue. PEH was observed in 32% of the lesions. In the review, we collected 282 cases of oral GCT with a similar clinical profile; seven patients had multiple lesions, and 33% of the cases presented PEH. No cases of malignant oral GCT have been described to date. GCT is an uncommon oral benign neoplasm, mainly unique and asymptomatic, derived from Schwann cells.ConclusionsAlthough the etiopathogenesis of this oral tumour is unknown, its characteristics suggest that it could have a reactive nature. Conducting a complete clinicopathological study in all intraoral GCT is fundamental in order to dismiss other entities, including oral carcinoma.
A mycorrhiza‐specific H+‐ATPase is essential for arbuscule development and symbiotic phosphate and nitrogen uptake
Authors: Liu Junli , Chen Jiadong , Xie Kun , Tian Yuan , Yan Anning , Liu Jianjian , Huang Yujuan , Wang Shuangshuang , Zhu Yiyong , Chen Aiqun , Xu Guohua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost land plants can form symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to enhance uptake of mineral nutrients, particularly phosphate (Pi) and nitrogen (N), from the soil. It is established that transport of Pi from interfacial apoplast into plant cells depends on the H+ gradient generated by the H+‐ATPase located on the periarbuscular membrane (PAM); however, little evidence regarding the potential link between mycorrhizal N transport and H+‐ATPase activity is available to date. Here, we report that a PAM‐localized tomato H+‐ATPase, SlHA8, is indispensable for arbuscule development and mycorrhizal P and N uptake. Knockout of SlHA8 resulted in truncated arbuscule morphology, reduced shoot P and N accumulation, and decreased H+‐ATPase activity and acidification of apoplastic spaces in arbusculated cells. Overexpression of SlHA8 in tomato promoted both P and N uptake, and increased total colonization level, but did not affect arbuscule morphology. Heterogeneous expression of SlHA8 in the rice osha1 mutant could fully complement its defects in arbuscule development and mycorrhizal P and N uptake. Our results propose a pivotal role of the SlHA8 in energizing both the symbiotic P and N transport, and highlight the evolutionary conservation of the AM‐specific H+‐ATPase orthologs in maintaining AM symbiosis across different mycorrhizal plant species.
Cognitive illness representation and anxiety in older men and women with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zawadzka Ewa , Domańska Łucja 
Published: January 2020

AimIn the elderly, type 2 diabetes is a frequent chronic condition that requires the attention of health care. As patient involvement is a prerequisite for treatment, it seems crucial to assess psychosocial aspects, including patient's cognitive component of attitude towards the condition, as early as upon diagnosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the cognitive illness representation in older female and male patients with type 2 diabetes is differentiated. Considering disease duration, we determined the effect of cognitive illness representation on older diabetes emotional wellbeing.MethodsThe study in 99 older adults with type 2 diabetes used Disease‐Related Appraisals Scale (Skala Oceny Własnej Choroby; SOWCh) to assess cognitive illness representation and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess the severity of state anxiety.ResultsIn a subgroup with short‐standing diagnosis, women scored significantly higher than men on subscales of Threat, Obstacle/Loss and Profit. In a subgroup with long‐standing diagnosis, women scored significantly higher than men on the subscale of Threat and significantly lower than men on the subscale of Value. The associations between the individual dimensions of cognitive illness representation and anxiety were also determined. These correlations differed between sexes and stages of the disease.ConclusionBoth at early and late stages of type 2 diabetes, women perceive their illness as a threat significantly more than men do. This appraisal persists throughout the entire duration of the illness. Men with long‐standing diagnosis, attribute higher value to diabetes than women do, perceiving it as an opportunity to appreciate values they did not pay attention to before. Anxiety reported by older women and men can be explained to a significant extent by certain dimensions of their respective cognitive illness representation.
Achieving equity in dialysis care and outcomes: The role of policies
Authors: Crews Deidra C. , Novick Tessa K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocially disadvantaged persons, including racial and ethnic minorities, individuals with low incomes, homeless persons, and non‐US citizens bear a disproportionate burden of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). Inequities in nephrology referral, vascular access, use of home dialysis modalities, kidney transplantation, and mortality are prominent. Public policies, including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, end‐stage renal disease Quality Incentive Program, and the Prospective Payment System, were enacted to improve healthcare access and dialysis care. Here, we highlight inequities in dialysis care and outcomes, how current ESKD and other public policies may influence or exacerbate these inequities, and gaps in the literature needed to inform future policies toward achieving equity in ESKD. We give special attention to the 2019 Advancing American Kidney Health Executive Order, which has high potential to radically transform dialysis care.
A Resource‐Rational, Process‐Level Account of the St. Petersburg Paradox
Authors: Nobandegani Ardavan S. , Shultz Thomas R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe St. Petersburg paradox is a centuries‐old philosophical puzzle concerning a lottery with infinite expected payoff for which people are only willing to pay a small amount to play. Despite many attempts and several proposals, no generally accepted resolution is yet at hand. In this work, we present the first resource‐rational, process‐level explanation of this paradox, demonstrating that it can be accounted for by a variant of normative expected utility valuation which acknowledges cognitive limitations. Specifically, we show that Nobandegani et al.'s (2018) metacognitively rational model, sample‐based expected utility (SbEU), can account for major experimental findings on this paradox. Crucially, our resolution is consistent with two empirically well‐supported assumptions: (a) People use only a few samples in probabilistic judgments and decision‐making, and (b) people tend to overestimate the probability of extreme events in their judgment. Our work seeks to understand the St. Petersburg gamble as a particularly risky gamble whose process‐level explanation is consistent with a broader process‐level model of human decision‐making under risk.
Recycling Robots
Authors: Gibson Tom 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Robots have functioned for years on assembly lines, such as in automotive plants, where they perform the same task repetitively. This article explores how companies are coupling robotics with artificial intelligence in order to allow them to make the kinds of judgements needed in sorting recyclables. It isn’t the kind of high-profile task normally associated with machine learning, such as driving automobiles or finding cancerous growths in medical scans, but it could save recycling companies money.
Keyhole hysterectomy is effective for women with heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Cook Rob , Lyon-Maris Johnny , Davidson Peter 
Published: January 2020

The studyCooper K, Breeman S, Scott NW, et al. Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy versus endometrial ablation for women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HEALTH): a parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2019;394:1425-36.The study was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 12/35/23).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to: https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000837/keyhole-hysterectomy-is-effective-for-women-with-heavy-menstrual-bleeding
Comparing positive pressure ventilation efficacy of a novel foot operated resuscitator with self-inflating bag and mask in a manikin model
Authors: Nimbalkar Somashekhar Marutirao , Shah Binoy Viresh , Amin Amee Atulkumar , Patel Vishwa Tushar , Phatak Ajay Gajanan 
Published: January 2020

AimTo compare positive pressure ventilation efficacy of a novel foot operated resuscitator (FOR) during positive pressure ventilation with that of self-inflating bag and mask (SIBM) using a manikin model.MethodA comparative trial was conducted with 117 participants at a level III neonatal intensive care unit using Baby Anne (Laerdal Medical, Norway). Flow and pressure sensors were used to measure tidal volume propelled (Vp) and delivered (Vt). Each participant delivered 60 breaths, using each device targeting adequate chest-rise defined as that corresponding to a Vt of 15–21 mL. Vt, Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP), Leak Percentage (%), Inspiratory Time (Ti, millisecond) and other parameters were recorded using a PC (Dell, Windows V.10) on a custom application (LabView 2014 platform NI, USA). The proportion of breaths achieving target range Vt, other key ventilation parameters and their variability were compared between a generic CE approved bag and mask and a novel FOR (NeoBreathe, Phoenix Medical Systems, India).ResultUsing an SIBM, participants delivered a mean (SD) Vt of 17.52 (5.22) mL, achieving target range Vt in 46.99% of all breaths, with a mean (SD) face-mask leak per cent of 32.51% (22.25). Using the FOR, participants delivered a mean (SD) Vt of 18.31 (3.90), achieving target range Vt in 54.37% of all breaths and a mean (SD) face-mask leak per cent of 18.89% (14.45). Variability of Vt, PIP and leak per cent was significantly reduced with FOR.ConclusionFOR significantly reduced face-mask leak, significantly increased the proportion of breaths achieving Vt within optimal range and could offer a novel alternative to a SIBM.
Smoothened Promotes Glioblastoma Radiation Resistance Via Activating USP3-Mediated Claspin Deubiquitination
Authors: Tu Yiming , Chen Zhenyao , Zhao Pengzhan , Sun Guangchi , Bao Zhongyuan , Chao Honglu , Fan Liang , Li Chong , You Yongping , Qu Yan , Chen Yun , Ji Jing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancer types in humans. The standard treatment approach is surgery followed by chemoradiation. However, the molecular mechanisms of innate tumor radioresistance remain poorly understood.

Experimental Design:
We tested the expression of Smoothened (Smo) in primary and recurrent GBM tissues and cells. Then, we determined radiation effectiveness against primary and recurrent GBM cells. Lastly, the functional role of Smo in GBM radioresistance was further confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results:
We reported that Smo was significantly upregulated in recurrent GBM cell lines and tumor tissues following radiation treatment. Higher Smo expression indicated poor prognosis of GBM patients after radiation treatment. Smo had radioresistance effects in both GBM cells and human tumor xenografts. The mechanisms underlying these effects involved the attenuation of DNA damage repair caused by IR. Importantly, we found that the effect of Smo on radioresistance was mediated by Claspin polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, leading to the regulation of ATR–Chk1 signaling. Moreover, we found that Smo reduced Claspin polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation by promoting USP3 transcription. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Smo inhibitor GDC-0449 induced radiosensitivity to GBM.

Conclusions:
These data suggest that Smo confers radiation resistance in GBM by promoting USP3 transcription, leading to the activation of Claspin-dependent ATR–Chk1 signaling. These findings identify a potential mechanism of GBM resistance to radiation and suggest a potential therapeutic target for radiation resistance in GBM.
Verticillin A Causes Apoptosis and Reduces Tumor Burden in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by Inducing DNA Damage
Authors: Salvi Amrita , Amrine Chiraz Soumia M. , Austin Julia R. , Kilpatrick KiAundra , Russo Angela , Lantvit Daniel , Calderon-Gierszal Esther , Mattes Zachary , Pearce Cedric J. , Grinstaff Mark W. , Colby Aaron H. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Burdette Joanna E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in women worldwide and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths among U.S. women. New therapies are needed to treat HGSOC, particularly because most patients develop resistance to current first-line therapies. Many natural product and fungal metabolites exhibit anticancer activity and represent an untapped reservoir of potential new agents with unique mechanism(s) of action. Verticillin A, an epipolythiodioxopiperazine alkaloid, is one such compound, and our recent advances in fermentation and isolation are now enabling evaluation of its anticancer activity. Verticillin A demonstrated cytotoxicity in HGSOC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with a low nmol/L IC50. Furthermore, treatment with verticillin A induced DNA damage and caused apoptosis in HGSOC cell lines OVCAR4 and OVCAR8. RNA-Seq analysis of verticillin A–treated OVCAR8 cells revealed an enrichment of transcripts in the apoptosis signaling and the oxidative stress response pathways. Mass spectrometry histone profiling confirmed reports that verticillin A caused epigenetic modifications with global changes in histone methylation and acetylation marks. To facilitate in vivo delivery of verticillin A and to monitor its ability to reduce HGSOC tumor burden, verticillin A was encapsulated into an expansile nanoparticle (verticillin A-eNP) delivery system. In an in vivo human ovarian cancer xenograft model, verticillin A-eNPs decreased tumor growth and exhibited reduced liver toxicity compared with verticillin A administered alone. This study confirmed that verticillin A has therapeutic potential for treatment of HGSOC and that encapsulation into expansile nanoparticles reduced liver toxicity.
Hypoxia Attenuates Trastuzumab Uptake and Trastuzumab-Emtansine (T-DM1) Cytotoxicity through Redistribution of Phosphorylated Caveolin-1
Authors: Indira Chandran Vineesh , Månsson Ann-Sofie , Barbachowska Magdalena , Cerezo-Magaña Myriam , Nodin Björn , Joshi Bharat , Koppada Neelima , Saad Ola M. , Gluz Oleg , Isaksson Karolin , Borgquist Signe , Jirström Karin , Nabi Ivan Robert , Jernström Helena , Belting Mattias 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) offers an additional treatment option for patients with HER2-amplified tumors. However, primary and acquired resistance is a limiting factor in a significant subset of patients. Hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer, regulates the trafficking of several receptor proteins with potential implications for tumor targeting. Here, we have investigated how hypoxic conditions may regulate T-DM1 treatment efficacy in breast cancer. The therapeutic effect of T-DM1 and its metabolites was evaluated in conjunction with biochemical, flow cytometry, and high-resolution imaging studies to elucidate the functional and mechanistic aspects of hypoxic regulation. HER2 and caveolin-1 expression was investigated in a well-annotated breast cancer cohort. We find that hypoxia fosters relative resistance to T-DM1 in HER2+ cells (SKBR3 and BT474). This effect was not a result of deregulated HER2 expression or resistance to emtansine and its metabolites. Instead, we show that hypoxia-induced translocation of caveolin-1 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the plasma membrane contributes to deficient trastuzumab internalization and T-DM1 chemosensitivity. Caveolin-1 depletion mimicked the hypoxic situation, indicating that vesicular caveolin-1 is indispensable for trastuzumab uptake and T-DM1 cytotoxicity. In vitro studies suggested that HER2 and caveolin-1 are not coregulated, which was supported by IHC analysis in patient tumors. We find that phosphorylation-deficient caveolin-1 inhibits trastuzumab internalization and T-DM1 cytotoxicity, suggesting a specific role for caveolin-1 phosphorylation in HER2 trafficking.

Implications:
Together, our data for the first time identify hypoxic regulation of caveolin-1 as a resistance mechanism to T-DM1 with potential implications for individualized treatment of breast cancer.