bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ressourcenverbrauch im globalen Stahlbetonbau und Potenziale der Carbonbetonbauweise
Authors: Seifert Wiebke , Lieboldt Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDie Bauindustrie ist maßgeblich mitverantwortlich für den zunehmenden Verbrauch an materiellen und energetischen Ressourcen und wird weltweit vom Jahrhundertbaustoff Stahlbeton dominiert. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt das Potenzial, das in der Anwendung von Carbonbeton für eine nachhaltige und ressourceneffiziente Betonindustrie liegt. Zunächst werden die aktuelle globale sowie die deutsche Rohstoffsituation im (Stahl‐)Betonbau zahlenmäßig dargestellt. Dabei wird auf Vorkommen, Verfügbarkeit und Verbrauch der einzelnen Rohstoffe eingegangen und eine Abschätzung des jährlichen globalen Betonverbrauchs vorgenommen. Daraufhin erfolgt eine energetische Aufschlüsselung einzelner Ressourcen und der daraus entstehenden globalen Herausforderungen des Bauwesens im Hinblick auf die Bedeutung einer nachhaltigen Bauweise. Abschließend werden die Potenziale der C3‐Bauweise (C3 – Carbon Concrete Composite) anhand eines materialbezogenen und systemischen Vergleichs von Stahl‐ und Carbonbeton untersucht und in Zusammenhang gesetzt.
Nachträgliche Bewehrungsanschlüsse
Authors: Fuchs Werner , Hofmann Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFür die Ausführung von nachträglichen Bewehrungsanschlüssen in vorhandenen Bauwerken stehen in Europa Verankerungsmörtel mit einer ETA auf Basis von EOTA‐Bewertungsdokumenten zur Verfügung. Für Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen könnten Verankerungsmörtel mit Leistungsangaben auf Basis der harmonisierten Norm DIN EN 1504‐6, die durch CEN erarbeitet wurde, verwendet werden. Nach beiden Vorschriften sollte bei der Verwendung der geeigneten Verankerungsmörtel dasselbe Sicherheitsniveau wie bei einbetonierten Bewehrungsstäben erreicht werden. Dazu werden in diesem Beitrag die wesentlichen Inhalte der beiden Vorschriften vorgestellt, miteinander verglichen und Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der sicheren Verwendung von Verankerungsmörteln für nachträgliche Bewehrungsanschlüsse gegeben.
Comparison of combination therapies in the management of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Induction chemotherapy followed by irreversible electroporation vs radiofrequency ablation
Authors: He Chaobin , Wang Jun , Zhang Yu , Cai Zhiyuan , Lin Xiaojun , Li Shengping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLocally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) remains a challenge for current treatments. Local destructive therapies, such as irreversible electroporation (IRE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), were used more and more frequently in the treatment of LAPC.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of IRE with RFA in patients with LAPC.MethodsFrom August 2015 to August 2017, 58 LAPC patients after IRE or RFA therapy, which was performed through open approach, were retrospectively reviewed. The survival outcomes after IRE (36 patients) and RFA (18 patients) were compared after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.ResultsBefore PSM analysis, IRE after the induction chemotherapy resulted in significant higher overall survival (OS) rates and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates to RFA (2‐year OS, 53.5% vs 30.8%, P = .013; 2‐year PFS, 28.4% vs 12.1%, P = .043). After PSM analysis, compared with RFA, the survival benefit of IRE was even more obvious, (2‐year OS, 53.5% vs 27.0%, P = .010; 2‐year PFS, 28.4% vs 6.4%, P = .018). For patients with tumor larger than 4 cm, IRE resulted in comparable OS and PFS between RFA and IRE while IRE also achieved better long‐term OS to RFA for those with tumor smaller than 4 cm. Multivariate analysis illustrated that IRE was a favorable prognostic factor in terms of OS and PFS in patients with LAPC.ConclusionsIRE after induction chemotherapy is superior to RFA after induction chemotherapy for treating LAPC patients while these two therapies have comparable efficacy for tumors which were larger than 4 cm.
Alizarin‐TiO2 LMCT Complex with Oxygen Vacancies: An Efficient Visible Light Photocatalyst for Cr(VI) Reduction
Authors: Li Meichen , Li Yaru , Zhao Jingyu , Li Mingcheng , Wu Yongchuan , Na Ping 
Published: May 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe AL‐P25 composites (AL = alizarin, P25 = nano titanium dioxide) with oxygen vacancies were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method and applied for the photoreduction of Cr(VI) under visible light. The AL‐P25 composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results suggested that the AL‐P25 composites were successfully prepared, and alizarin was linked to P25 via Ti—O—C bonds. AL‐P25 composites represented excellent photoreduction efficiency on Cr(VI) under visible light, which was 99.4% after 60 min of illumination. Finally, a photocatalytic mechanism of AL‐P25 composites was proposed that ligand‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) process between alizarin and P25 effectively enhances separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Routine clinical practice in the periprocedural management of edoxaban therapy is associated with low risk of bleeding and thromboembolic complications: The prospective, observational, and multinational EMIT‐AF/VTE study
Authors: Colonna Paolo , von Heymann Christian , Santamaria Amparo , Saxena Manish , Vanassche Thomas , Wolpert Diana , Laeis Petra , Wilkins Robert , Chen Cathy , Unverdorben Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGuidance for periprocedural anticoagulant management is mainly based on limited data from Phase III or observational studies and expert opinion.HypothesisEMIT‐AF/VTE was designed to document the risks of bleeding and thromboembolic events in more than 1000 patients on edoxaban undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in clinical practice.MethodsRoutine care in a multinational multicenter, prospective observational study. Participants were adult patients with atrial fibrillation and/or venous thromboembolism treated with edoxaban for stroke prevention or for secondary prevention in venous thromboembolic disease, undergoing a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Edoxaban therapy was interrupted periprocedurally at the treating physician's discretion. Patients were evaluated from 5 days pre‐ until 30 days postprocedure. Primary outcome was the incidence of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis defined major bleeding; secondary outcomes included incidence of clinically relevant non‐major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome, and acute thromboembolic events.ResultsOutcomes and management are reported for the first procedures in 1155 unselected patients. Five cases of major bleeding (0.4%) and eight of clinically relevant non‐major bleeding (0.7%) were documented, five (38%) of which occurred outside the period of likely edoxaban effect (last edoxaban dose ≥3 days prior to bleeding). Five (0.4%) deaths from any cause, seven acute thromboembolic events (0.6%) including two cardiac deaths (0.2%) in six patients, and one acute coronary event (0.1%) occurred.ConclusionsThe periprocedural bleeding and acute thromboembolic event risks for patients treated with edoxaban were low. This can help inform both clinical routine and guidelines for the periprocedural management of edoxaban.
Multimodal cross‐registration and quantification of metric distortions in marmoset whole brain histology using diffeomorphic mappings
Authors: Lee Brian C. , Lin Meng K. , Fu Yan , Hata Junichi , Miller Michael I. , Mitra Partha P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhole brain neuroanatomy using tera‐voxel light‐microscopic data sets is of much current interest. A fundamental problem in this field is the mapping of individual brain data sets to a reference space. Previous work has not rigorously quantified in‐vivo to ex‐vivo distortions in brain geometry from tissue processing. Further, existing approaches focus on registering unimodal volumetric data; however, given the increasing interest in the marmoset model for neuroscience research and the importance of addressing individual brain architecture variations, new algorithms are necessary to cross‐register multimodal data sets including MRIs and multiple histological series. Here we present a computational approach for same‐subject multimodal MRI‐guided reconstruction of a series of consecutive histological sections, jointly with diffeomorphic mapping to a reference atlas. We quantify the scale change during different stages of brain histological processing using the Jacobian determinant of the diffeomorphic transformations involved. By mapping the final image stacks to the ex‐vivo post‐fixation MRI, we show that (a) tape‐transfer assisted histological sections can be reassembled accurately into 3D volumes with a local scale change of 2.0 ± 0.4% per axis dimension; in contrast, (b) tissue perfusion/fixation as assessed by mapping the in‐vivo MRIs to the ex‐vivo post fixation MRIs shows a larger median absolute scale change of 6.9 ± 2.1% per axis dimension. This is the first systematic quantification of local metric distortions associated with whole‐brain histological processing, and we expect that the results will generalize to other species. These local scale changes will be important for computing local properties to create reference brain maps.
Bagasse‐derived Carbon‐supported Ru nanoparticles as Catalyst for Efficient Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Cheng Wei , Zhao Xue , Luo Wenxiu , Zhang Yun , Wang Yi , Fan Guangyin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated widely as heterogeneous catalysts in the hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). However, the method is severely challenged by the dispersion and particle size of metal NPs, and needs efficient carbon materials as supports. Herein, we describe a facile two‐step synthesis strategy that takes advantage of hydrothermal synthesis and solid‐phase carbonization to fabricate N‐doped bagasse‐derived carbon materials (BC‐hs). The Ru particles can disperse well on the BC‐hs carbon matrix to form Ru/BC‐hs catalyst. It is found that the Ru/BC‐hs catalyst, under optimized conditions (3.5 wt% Ru loading), shows a high performance for the catalytic dehydrogenation of AB, with a TOF of 354 mol H2 (molRu min)−1. The high catalytic performance of Ru/BC‐hs may be ascribed to the large surface area of BC‐hs (2250 m2/g) with abundant surface nitrogen and oxygen species, and more catalytically active Ru atoms are provided with the fine‐grained and uniformly distributed Ru NPs. This study exhibits a universal method to design and prepare high‐performance dehydrogenation catalysts, in which metal NPs are supported on biomass‐derived carbon from a highly recyclable and available plant.
The role of therapeutic alliance in therapy for adults with problematic aggression and associated disorders
Authors: Fahlgren Martha K. , Berman Mitchell E. , McCloskey Michael S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe nature and quality of the relationship between therapist and client in psychotherapy, known as therapeutic alliance, have been proposed as one of the most important factors for successful treatment outcome, which has been has robustly supported across many types of treatment, populations, raters of alliance (i.e., client, therapist, or observer), and alliance measures. However, most research on alliance and treatment outcome has been conducted in children and adults with internalizing problems (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders) or children with externalizing problems (e.g., conduct disorder), despite the fact that alliance may be particularly important for adults with externalizing problems such as problematic aggression, who may have high levels of resistance, blaming, and interpersonal problems. Very limited research has examined the role of alliance in individuals who present to treatment due to high levels of aggressive behaviour specifically (e.g., those convicted of a violent offence). The current systematic review examined the extant research on the relationship between alliance and outcome in treatment of highly aggressive individuals, as well as those who are diagnosed with a disorder for which aggression is a primary symptom (i.e., post‐traumatic stress disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder). Overall, it was shown that alliance has a positive impact on treatment outcome among those engaging in or at risk for problematic aggression. Additionally, the alliance‐outcome relationship may be affected by therapy modality, alliance rater perspective, and potential mechanisms of alliance. Implications for future research, including utilizing more primarily aggressive samples, are discussed.
A quantitative measure of treatment response in recent‐onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bundy Brian N. , Krischer Jeffrey P. ,   for the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis paper develops a methodology and defines a measure that can be used to separate subjects that received an experimental therapy into those that benefitted from those that did not in recent‐onset type 1 diabetes. Benefit means a slowing (or arresting) the decline in beta‐cell function over time. The measure can be applied to comparing treatment arms from a clinical trial or to response at the individual level.MethodsAn analysis of covariance model was fitted to the 12‐month area under the curve C‐peptide following a 2‐hour mixed meal tolerance test from 492 individuals enrolled on five TrialNet studies of recent‐onset type 1 diabetes. Significant predictors in the model were age and C‐peptide at study entry. The observed minus the model‐based expected C‐peptide value (quantitative response, QR) is defined to reflect the effect of the therapy.ResultsA comparison of the primary hypothesis test for each study included and a t test of the QR value by treatment group were comparable. The results were also confirmed for a new TrialNet study, independent of the set of studies used to derive the model. With our proposed analytical method and using QR as the end‐point, we conducted simulation studies, to estimate statistical power in detecting a biomarker that expresses differential treatment effect. The QR in its continuous form provided the greatest statistical power when compared to several ways of defining responder/non‐responder using various QR thresholds.ConclusionsThis paper illustrates the use of the QR, as a measure of the magnitude of treatment effect at the aggregate and subject‐level. We show that the QR distribution by treatment group provides a better sense of the treatment effect than simply giving the mean estimates. Using the QR in its continuous form is shown to have higher statistical power in comparison with dichotomized categorization.
Reconstruction of a long‐term historical daily maximum and minimum air temperature network dataset for Ireland (1831‐1968)
Authors: Mateus Carla , Potito Aaron , Curley Mary 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe extension of spatial and temporal coverage of digital daily maximum and minimum air temperature observations is indispensable for a greater understanding of past climate variability. Long‐term series are fundamental for the assessment of frequency, duration, intensity and geographical distribution of past extreme air temperature events at local and regional scales in Ireland. Raw daily observations from 12 long‐term and 21 short‐term maximum and minimum air temperature series in Ireland, extending from 1831 to 1968, were rescued from multiple archives. Detailed station metadata on instrumentation, site location, observation practices and observer's notes are included in the dataset. Over 970,000 daily maximum and minimum air temperature observations were transcribed from handwritten meteorological registers, publications, newspapers and the Daily Weather Report. The data rescue strategies, sources for data and metadata rescue, and methodologies for double keying are discussed. The Ireland Long‐term Maximum and Minimum Air Temperature dataset (ILMMT) format for daily air temperature and metadata and organization is reviewed. The ILMMT dataset comprises raw observations and detailed station metadata, so data users can apply their selected quality control and homogenization approaches.
Tumor‐associated macrophages promote prostate cancer progression via exosome‐mediated miR‐95 transfer
Authors: Guan Han , Peng Rui , Fang Fang , Mao Likai , Chen Zhijun , Yang Shuai , Dai Changyuan , Wu Hongliang , Wang Chengyong , Feng Ninghan , Xu Bin , Chen Ming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are vital constituents in mediating cell‐to‐cell communication within the tumor microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between TAMs and tumor cells that guide cell fate are largely undetermined. Extracellular vesicles, also known as exosomes, which are derived from TAMs, are the components exerting regulatory effects. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanism of “onco‐vesicles” is of crucial importance for prostate cancer (PCa) therapy. In this study, we analyzed micro RNA sequences in exosomes released by THP‐1 and M2 macrophages and found a significant increase in miR‐95 levels in TAM‐derived exosomes, demonstrating the direct uptake of miR‐95 by recipient PCa cells. In vitro and in vivo loss‐of‐function assays suggested that miR‐95 could function as a tumor promoter by directly binding to its downstream target gene, JunB, to promote PCa cell proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. The clinical data analyses further revealed that higher miR‐95 expression results in worse clinicopathological features. Collectively, our results demonstrated that TAM‐mediated PCa progression is partially attributed to the aberrant expression of miR‐95 in TAM‐derived exosomes, and the miR‐95/JunB axis provides the groundwork for research on TAMs to further develop more‐personalized therapeutic approaches for patients with PCa.
Ground validation ofTRMM 3B43 V7precipitation estimates over Colombia. Part I: Monthly and seasonal timescales
Authors: Vallejo‐Bernal Sara M. , Urrea Viviana , Bedoya‐Soto Juan M. , Posada Daniela , Olarte Alejandro , Cárdenas‐Posso Yadira , Ruiz‐Murcia Franklyn , Martínez María T. , Petersen Walter A. , Huffman George J. , Poveda Germán 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we validate precipitation estimates remotely sensed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) at monthly and seasonal timescales, during the period 1998–2015, by calculating and analyzing diverse error metrics between the 3B43 V7 product and in situ measurements from 1,180 rain gauges over Colombia, of which at least 987 are fully independent of TRMM. We explore the existence of spatiotemporal patterns to assess the performance of 3B43 V7 over the five major natural regions of Colombia: Caribbean, Pacific, Andes, Orinoco and Amazon. The results show that 3B43 V7 product is able to capture the phase of the annual cycle of monthly mean precipitation, but the performance is not good for the amplitude, in particular over the Andes and Pacific regions owing to complex climatic and topographic conditions. In general, 3B43 V7 exhibits good performance in the low‐lying and plain Amazon, Orinoco and Caribbean regions. Over the Andes region, characterized by complex topography, overestimation errors are identified [root mean squared error (RMSE) ≥83.59 mm·month−1and relative bias (BIAS) ≥4.69%], whereas the extremely wet rainfall regime of the Pacific region is largely underestimated (RMSE ≥253.52 mm ·month−1and BIAS ≤−11.75%). These errors are greater during the wet seasons when the metrics reach worse scores than those reported in similar studies worldwide. Occurrence analyses showed that 3B43 V7 misses very frequent light rainfall events and less frequent but very heavy storms, which contribute to the overall underestimation (overestimation) observed over the Pacific (Andes) region. The error characteristics identified and quantified in this study confirm the well‐documented limitations of remote precipitation sensing and constitute a warning about major challenges that complex climatic and physiographic features can impose on satellite rainfall missions.
Influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on baroclinic instability and storm tracks in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Machado Jeferson Prietsch , Justino Flávio , Souza Caio Demétrio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarth's weather and climate are strongly influenced by synoptic scale systems such as extratropical cyclones. From this point of view, investigating the mechanisms associated with cyclogenesis, such as baroclinic instability (BI), which are defined by the thermal gradient and wind shear, are extremely important. However, atmospheric teleconnection patterns such as the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon may affect BI in the preferred region of extratropical cyclones, known as the storm track (ST) region. Therefore, the present study shows the impact of ENSO on BI and STs in the Southern Hemisphere. BI is determined by means of the Eady growth rate method, while the STs are calculated from the kinetic energy and by means of the meridional heat transport. In general, the results show that STs calculated from the BI and the kinetic energy show seasonal variability during ENSO events. This results in Southern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones being more intense with trajectories towards lower (higher) latitudes during El Niño (La Niña) summers. In contrast, little difference is seen in El Niño and La Niña winters. For the calculation of the meridional heat transport at 500 hPa, the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis produced weaker transport relative to ERA‐Interim and previous studies.
Backside wear of tibial polyethylene components is affected by gait pattern: A knee simulator study using rare earth tracer technology
Authors: Ngai Valentina , Kunze Joachim , Cip Johannes , Laurent Michel P. , Jacobs Joshua J. , Wimmer Markus A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of two in‐vivo–determined gait patterns, one with low and one with high anteroposterior (AP) motion, on total and backside polyethylene insert wear in comparison with the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard 14243‐3. In order to differentiate and accurately quantify topside and backside wear, a novel technique was employed where different lanthanide tracers were incorporated into the polyethylene during manufacture. Wear particle analysis was conducted following established protocols. For all tested liners and motion protocols, the chemically calculated wear rates correlated closely with gravimetrically determined wear. Both in vivo motion groups displayed higher wear rates than the ISO group following the order of the AP motion amplitudes. Backside wear for ISO constituted 2.76% ± 0.90% (mean ± SE) of the total wear, increasing significantly to 15.8% ± 3.2% for the low AP and further increasing to 19.3% ± 0.95% for the high AP motion protocol. The mean wear particle sizes were under 200 nm for all three motion patterns, being largest for the protocol with high AP motion. Particle release from the low and high AP gait patterns was 1.9 to 2.8 times that from the ISO protocol. Testing for the proportion of backside wear across various activities of daily living should be an important consideration in evaluating knee prostheses wear.