bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GJA1 Depletion Causes Ciliary Defects by Affecting Rab11 Trafficking to the Ciliary Base
Authors: Jang Dong Gil , Kwon Keun Yeong , Kweon Yeong Cheon , Kim Byung-gyu , Myung Kyungjae , Lee Hyun-Shik , Park Chan Young , Kwon Taejoon , Park Tae Joo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe gap junction complex functions as a transport channel across the membrane. Among gap junction subunits, gap junction protein α1 (GJA1) is the most commonly expressed subunit. A recent study showed that GJA1 is necessary for the maintenance of motile cilia; however, the molecular mechanism and function of GJA1 in ciliogenesis remain unknown. Here, we examined the functions of GJA1 during ciliogenesis in human retinal pigment epithelium-1 andXenopus laevisembryonic multiciliated-cells. GJA1 localizes to the motile ciliary axonemes or pericentriolar regions beneath the primary cilium. GJA1 depletion caused malformation of both the primary cilium and motile cilia. Further study revealed that GJA1 depletion affected several ciliary proteins such as BBS4, CP110, and Rab11 in the pericentriolar region and basal body. Interestingly, CP110 removal from the mother centriole was significantly reduced by GJA1 depletion. Importantly, Rab11, a key regulator during ciliogenesis, was immunoprecipitated with GJA1, and GJA1 knockdown caused the mislocalization of Rab11. These findings suggest that GJA1 regulates ciliogenesis by interacting with the Rab11-Rab8 ciliary trafficking pathway.
Auditory responses evoked by optical stimulation on the optogenetic-infected cochlear neurons in the guinea pigs
Authors: Liu Chen , Fang Shu , Ding Da-xiong , Qin Han-dai , Yuan Shuo-long , Lv Ping , Ning Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCochlear implants (CIs) are by far the optimal option to partially restore hearing for the patients of sensorineural hearing impairment (HI) by electrically stimulating spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). However, wide current spread from each electrode constitute an interface which restricts precision and quality of the electrical CIs. Recently, optogenetic stimulation of the cochlea has been proved as a more optimized approach via adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying the gene encoding the light-sensitive channelrhodopsin-2. Here, we focus on summarizing recent work on stable and accurate ChR2 expression and compare the electrophysiological recording of optogenetic and acoustic stimulation in adult guinea pigs. Light stimulation generated auditory responses that was similar to that of acoustic stimulation. Moreover, normal hearing adult guinea pigs responded with a rise in amplitudes with increasing light intensity. In conclusion, optogenetic cochlear stimulation achieved good spectral selectivity of artificial sound encoding in a new adult rodent model, suggesting that the capabilities of optogenetics might be applied to improve cochlear implants in the future.
True UV color vision in a butterfly with two UV opsins
Authors: Finkbeiner Susan D. , Briscoe Adriana D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTTrue color vision in animals is achieved when wavelength discrimination occurs based on chromatic content of the stimuli, regardless of intensity. In order to successfully discriminate between multiple wavelengths, animals must use at least two photoreceptor types with different spectral sensitivity peaks.Heliconiusbutterflies have duplicate UV opsin genes, which encode two kinds of photoreceptors with peak sensitivities in the ultraviolet and violet, respectively. InH. erato, the ultraviolet photoreceptor is only expressed in females.Evidence from intracellular recordings suggests femaleH. eratomay be able to discriminate between UV wavelengths, however, this has yet to be tested experimentally.Using an arena with a controlled light setting, we tested the ability ofH. erato, and two species lacking the violet receptor,H. melpomeneand outgroupEueides isabella, to discriminate between two ultraviolet wavelengths, 380 and 390 nm, as well as two blue wavelengths, 400 and 436 nm, after being trained to associate each stimulus with a food reward. Wavelength stimuli were presented in varying intensities to rule out brightness as a cue.We found thatH. eratofemales were the only butterflies capable of color vision in the UV range; the other butterflies had an intensity-dependent preference for UV stimuli. Across species, both sexes showed color vision in the blue-range.Models ofH. eratocolor vision suggest that females have an advantage over males in discriminating the inner UV-yellow corolla ofPsiguriapollen flowers from the surrounding outer orange petals, while previous models (McCulloch et al. 2017) suggested thatH. eratomales have an advantage over females in discriminatingHeliconius3-hyroxykynurenine (3-OHK) yellow wing coloration from non-3-OHK yellow wing coloration found in mimics.These results provide some of the first behavioral evidence for UV color discrimination inHeliconiusfemales in the context of foraging, lending support to the hypothesis (Briscoe et al. 2010) that the duplicated UV opsin genes function together in UV color vision. Taken together, the sexually dimorphic visual system ofH. eratoappears to have been shaped by both sexual selection and sex-specific natural selection.
Stem cell basis of a host driven transmission of antigen packed aerosols: a novel mechanism of natural vaccination for tuberculosis
Authors: Das Bikul , Pathak Lekhika , Gayan Sukanya , Pal Bidisha , Saikia Parthajyoti , Baishya Tutumoni , Das Nihar Ranjan , Das Rupam , Maral Mallika , Mahanta Ranjit , Bhuyan Seema , Gautam Pratibha , Talukdar Joyeeta , Sandhya Sorra , Kalita Deepjyoti , Swami Vijay , Das Krishna Ram , Bora Dayal Krishna , Ghora Jagat , Pulu Ista 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTNatural vaccination against pathogens are known to be achieved by herd-immunity i.e. infected human host provide immunity to the community by spreading the pathogen. Whether, infected human hosts transmit vesicle packed aerosols of pathogen’s antigen for natural vaccination of the community has not yet been considered. We have explored a traditional healing method of aerosol-inoculation against small pox and tuberculosis in the Sualkuchi-Hajo cultural complex of Kamarupa, an ancient Indian region known for tantra-based healing and spirituality. In the aerosol-inoculation method against TB, selected persons with TB (later identified as smear negative TB subject) are encouraged to spread good nigudah in the community by Kirtan chanting; the good Nigudah are thought to be present within bad-nigudah or invisible krimis (tiny flesh eating living being mentioned in ancient India’s medicinal text Caraka Samhita and Atharva Veda). A 15-years of contact TB investigation study, as well as laboratory study of aerosol obtained from smear negative PTB (SN-PTB) subjects led to the identification of good Nigudah as extracellular vesicles (EVs) filled withMtb-antigen ESAT-6. We then developed a mouse model of aerosol-inoculation using SN-PTB subject derived aerosol EVs, and identifiedMtbinfected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of the lung as the putative source of the ESAT-6+ EVs. TheseMtbinfected MSCs reprogram to altruistic stem cell (ASC) phenotype, which then secrete ESAT-6+ EVs to the aerosols; healthy mice receiving the aerosol developMtbspecific herd immunity. These results expedite our ongoing work on the innate defense mechanism of ASCs against pathogen, and provide a novel mechanism of natural vaccination, where the host extracts appropriate antigens from a pathogen, and then spread it in the community via aerosols.
Salmonellasubverts autophagy balancing bacterial fate and cellular inflammation
Authors: Luk Chak Hon , Yu Wei , Deriano Ludovic , Enninga Jost 
Published: November 2020

SummarySalmonellaTyphimurium (S.Typhimurium) is an enteric bacterium capable of invading a wide range of host cell types and adopting different intracellular lifestyles for survival. Host endocytic trafficking and autophagy have been implied to regulate theS.Typhimurium subcellular localization and survival. To reveal alternative host regulators onS.Typhimurium lifestyle, we combined a novel fluorescent reporter,SalmonellaIntracellular Analyzer (SINA) with haploid forward genetic screening. This identified transcription factor c-MYC as a negative regulator ofS.Typhimurium cytosolic lifestyle via stabilizing theSalmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). We further confirmed that c-MYC downstream regulated LC3 acts to maintain SCV stability and limitsS.Typhimurium cytosolic lifestyle. We demonstrated that LC3 is recruited to the SCV prior to the endomembrane damage marker Galectin 3, and it regulates SCV stability independent of the autophagosome adaptor NDP52. The LC3 processing enzymes ATG3 and ATG4 reciprocally act on SCV stability, where the loss of LC3-PE conjugation in the absence of ATG3 limits SCV damages. We further identified the dosage-dependent function of theS.Typhimurium effector SopF in mediating SCV stability by actively avoiding LC3 recruitment to the proximity of the SCV to reduce its catastrophic rupture and host cell death. Altogether, we offer insights on the significance of cellular transcription profile in the determination ofS.Typhimurium pathophysiology as well as the underlying host-evasion strategy ofS.Typhimurium.
Uncoordinated long-patch base excision repair at juxtaposed DNA lesions generates a lethal accumulation of double-strand breaks
Authors: Shimada Kenji , van Loon Barbara , Gerhold Christian B. , Bregenhorn Stephanie , Hurst Verena , Roth Gregory , Tarashev Cleo , Heinis Christian , Jiricny Josef , Gasser Susan M. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryInhibition of the TOR pathway (TORC2, or Ypk1/2), or the depolymerization of actin filaments results in catastrophic fragmentation of the yeast genome upon exposure to low doses of the radiomimetic drug Zeocin. We find that the accumulation of double-strand breaks (DSB) is not due to altered DSB repair, but by the uncoordinated activity of base excision repair (BER) at Zeocin-modified DNA bases. We inhibit DSB formation by eliminating glycosylases and/or the endonucleases Apn1/2 and Rad1, implicating these conserved BER enzymes, or events downstream of them, in the conversion of base damage into DSBs. Among DNA polymerases, the reduction of Pol δ, and to a lesser extent Pol ε and Trf4 (a Pol β-like polymerase), reduces DSB formation. Finally, the BER enzymes, Ogg1 and AP endonuclease, are shown to co-precipitate with actin from yeast extracts and as purified proteins, suggesting that actin may interfere directly with the repair of Zeocin-induced damage.
Identification and testing of barriers to sustainable manufacturing in the automobile industry: a focus on Indian MSMEs
Authors: Virmani Naveen , Bera Sasadhar , Kumar Rohit 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is two-fold. First, to find out the different barriers that prevent the implementation of sustainable manufacturing practices in the case of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Second, quantifying the relative intensity of these barriers to understand the importance and dependence power of the observed variables.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were collected via structured questionnaires from 150 Indian MSMEs working in the automobile industry. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. Finally, barriers are ranked using graph theory and matrix approach (GTMA), considering the inheritance and interaction among the observed variables.FindingsThere are a total of 22 barriers to “sustainable manufacturing”. EFA and CFA models confirmed four different categories of barriers. In order of importance, they are ranked as – production and operations related; organization related; collaboration related; and government rules and regulations.Practical implicationsThe findings show that there are multiple barriers to sustainable manufacturing. The barriers are categorized into four major categories, and their ranking provides an opportunity for prioritization from both policy and managerial perspectives. The barriers can be overcome through both policy interventions as well as through best practice sharing, benchmarking and organizational-wide initiatives.Originality/valueThe study is among the first studies that provide valuables insights on what are the 22 different barriers to sustainable manufacturing and its relevance to the MSMEs working in the automobile industry. The study would provide further opportunities for similar studies in different sectors.
Factors influencing disaster risk and resilience education in Asian HEIs
Authors: Gotangco Charlotte Kendra , Jardeleza Jean Meir , Lopez Crisanto , Labaria Elirozz Carlie , Wickert Julia , Shadiya Fathmath 
Published: November 2020

PurposeEducational initiatives can provide the crucial foundation for capacity-building of stakeholders in the field of disaster risk management and disaster resilience. The purpose of this paper is to scope current initiatives to deliver disaster risk and resilience education (DRRE) in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Asia and explore factors that serve as barriers or as opportunities for promoting DRRE.Design/methodology/approachThis study implemented mixed methods – scoping of existing programs of Asian universities, an online survey and a small-group workshop of Asian HEI representatives – and explored both the development and implementation phases of degree programs and coursework and other educational initiatives. Primarily involved were country partners of the Erasmus + CABARET network (CApacity-Building in Asia for Resilience EducaTion).FindingsResults reflect that most of the existing formal degree programs are at the graduate level though a wide range of courses and research opportunities exist for both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Findings underscore the importance of institutional support from university leaders as a key factor for overcoming barriers, given the resources and logistics needed by DRRE as an interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral endeavor. Universities who participated in the small-group workshop gave mixed feedback on the level of adequacy of the potential drivers for DRRE, which indicates the need to level off capacities and expertise in the region.Originality/valueThis study provides a baseline assessment of DRRE currently lacking for the region, with recommendations for how to further build capacities of Asian HEIs.
The impact of organizational culture archetypes on quality performance and total quality management: the role of employee engagement and individual values
Authors: Ababneh Omar Mohammed Ali 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe relationship between organizational culture and total quality management (TQM) can be facilitated by the virtue of certain psychological states. Employee engagement refers to a mechanism foreseeable to predict the successful implementation of TQM. Therefore, this study focuses on the attribution theory to propose a model that presents a differential impact of organizational culture archetypes on quality performance and TQM, while underlying role of employee engagement and individual values.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical study was performed based on the data collected from 153 senior employees working in hotel companies. This study has used partial least squares path modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the relationships and model proposed.FindingsThe findings have confirmed the hypotheses using PLS-SEM and provided a positive significant impact of organizational culture archetypes on employee engagement with quality initiatives; individual values on organizational cultural archetypes and employee engagement with quality initiatives on TQM implementation.Originality/valueThe study concluded that the impact of organizational culture on quality performance and TQM is significant. It is, therefore, suggested that management of hotel companies should work to increase the level of engagement, encourage cultures, while reducing the level of power culture with the emphasis given to individual and organizational quality initiatives.
Does training in co-production lead to any real change in practice? Reflections from practitioners in Northern Ireland
Authors: Patton Sonia , McGlade Anne , Elliott Joe 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper explores the perceptions of a small cohort of participants in the “Involving People” programme. This 35-week course recruited staff from across statutory, voluntary and charity sectors who aimed to lead and develop change initiatives within their respective organisations. The study captured staff views on the extent to which their training in co-production enabled them to deliver sustainable service improvement within their organisations.Design/methodology/approachThis was a small scale, qualitative study, using a purposive sampling approach. Of the 18 staff participants, 5 agreed to participate in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Through a process of free text analysis, several themes and sub-themes were identified.FindingsSeveral barriers and opportunities were highlighted coupled with suggestions on changes to public service delivery based on equal and reciprocal relationships between professionals, service users and their families. Organisational structures and silo working still act as an inhibiter for real change.Research limitations/implicationsAdditionally, it was demonstrated that training in the area of co-production can act as a catalyst for wider service improvements. It can enhance staff confidence to profile the importance of service user involvement, persuading their colleagues of its benefits and challenging practice where co-production is not happening. However, a collective leadership and a shared language on co-production are still needed to develop inclusive organisational cultures.Originality/valueThis was the first study of its kind in Northern Ireland which highlighted that there was a need for a collective leadership and a shared language on co-production to develop inclusive organisational cultures.
Thinking through the integration of corporate reporting: exploring the interplay between integrative and integrated thinking
Authors: McGuigan Nicholas , Haustein Ellen , Kern Thomas , Lorson Peter 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce an analytical focus on an individual’s integrative thinking capacity to further understand integrated thinking within the organisation. Integrated thinking is an elusive concept, gaining in prominence through its use by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), without specific guidance or a commonly understood framework. To date, the academic debate on integrated thinking addresses the organisational level only. However, thinking is a process occurring within the mind of an individual and therefore the prerequisites for integrated thinking at the individual level needs to be considered. Critical reflection is, therefore, provided on the interplay between integrative and integrated thinking.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on conceptual systems theory and case site analysis to reflect how integrative thinking can be encouraged and supported within the individual and how integrated thinking can hence be fostered within organisations.FindingsThe paper analyses and discusses four sites of integrative thinking: the Athenian democracy; the Minangkabau community; the Quakers and consensus decision-making; and the Apis Mellifera and the hive mind. The findings from these different sites illustrate that integrative thinking can be supported by specific structural, organisational and individual contexts and stimuli.Originality/valueExtending the context of integrated thinking analysis outside of the organisation and analysing these sites through components of integrative thought, this article provides further insights into how integrated thinking can be fostered within different organisations. The implications of these findings for accounting and professional institutions, organisations and the ongoing professional development of accountants are discussed.
Violence at work in the ambulance service: the role of HRM and other systems
Authors: Kellner Ashlea , Townsend Keith , Wilkinson Adrian , Loudoun Rebecca 
Published: November 2020

PurposeParamedics' work environment is constantly changing and unpredictable. Controlling environmental risks is difficult for the HR department and requires support of external systems such as unions and policymakers. Acknowledging environmental complexity, and the interaction of external systems, this study examines how the HRM system manages and responds to violence against paramedics.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from three Australian state ambulance services. Detailed accounts from 72 semi-structured interviews are supplemented by 1,216 phone surveys demonstrating the prevalence of assault.FindingsReporting very high levels of assault against paramedics from the survey data, the authors discuss situational risk factors identified by interviewees in the immediate physical environment and broader social context. The authors detail HRM practices adopted by each case and identify how gaps in the HRM system are addressed by other external, industry-level and state/federal-level systems in a multi-layer response to assault against paramedics.Practical implicationsIdentification of individual and situational risk factors and consequences for paramedics enables more targeted prevention, intervention and response. Young and less experienced paramedics are perceived to be at greater risk of assault. Importance of HRM practices particularly de-escalation training is highlighted. Gaps in HRM system require external input, particularly via law enforcement and public education.Originality/valueThis study adopts a holistic and contextualised perspective of HRM to improve understanding of violence against paramedics at work. Combining open systems and multi-stakeholder approaches, the authors adapt Beer et al.'s (1984) seminal Harvard Model of HRM. The authors propose a conceptual map which illustrates relationships between situational risks, key systems, HRM practices and outcomes.