bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clemastine Attenuates AD-like Pathology in an AD Model Mouse via Enhancing mTOR-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Li Zhen-Yu , Chen Li-Hua , Zhao Xiu-Yun , Chen Hong , Lu Mei-Hong , Sun Yan-Yun , Wang Zhao-Tao , Chen Mei , Lu Li , Huang Wenhui , Xu De-En , Xu Ru-Xiang , Ma Quanhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with limited available drugs for treatment. Enhancing autophagy attenuates AD pathology in various AD model mice. Thus, development of potential drugs enhancing autophagy may bring beneficial effects in AD therapy. Methods: In the present study, we showed clemastine, a first-generation histamine H1R antagonist and being originally marketed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, ameliorates AD pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Chronic treatment with clemastine orally reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) load, neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic mice as shown by immunohistochemistry and behavioral analysis. We further analyzed the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of clemastine with using the combination of both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We observed that clemastine decreased Aβ generation via reducing the levels of BACE1, CTFs of APP. Clemastine enhanced autophagy concomitant with a suppression of mTOR signaling. Conclusion: Therefore, we propose that clemastine attenuates AD pathology via enhancing mTOR-mediated autophagy.
A DROP-IN Beta Probe for Robot-Assisted 68Ga-PSMA Radioguided Surgery: First Ex Vivo Technology Evaluation Using Prostate Cancer Specimens
Authors: Collamati Francesco , OOsterom Matthias van , De Simoni Micol , Faccini Riccardo , Fischetti Marta , Mancini-Terracciano Carlo , Mirabelli Riccardo , Moretti Roberto , Heuvel Judith olde , Solfaroli-Camillocci Elena , Beurden Florian van , Poel Henk van der , Valdes-Olmos Renato , Leeuwen Pim van , Leeuwen Fijs van , Morganti Silvio 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, a flexible DROP-IN gamma-probe was introduced for robot-assisted radioguided surgery, using traditional low-energy SPECT-isotopes. In parallel, a novel approach to achieve sensitive radioguidance using beta-emitting PET-isotopes has been proposed. Integration of these two concepts would allow to exploit the use of PET-tracers during robot-assisted tumor-receptor-targeted. In this study, we’ve engineered and validated the performance of a novel DROP-IN beta-particle (DROP-INb) detector.Methods: Seven prostate cancer patients with PSMA-PET positive tumors received an additional intraoperative injection of ~70 MBq 68Ga-PSMA-11, followed by robot-assisted prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection. The surgical specimens from these procedures were used to validate the performance of our DROP-INb probe prototype, with merged a scintillating detector with a housing optimized for a 12 mm trocar and prograsp instruments. Results: After optimization of the detector and probe housing via Monte Carlo simulations, the resulting DROP-INb probe prototype was tested in a robotic setting. In the ex vivo setting, the probe – positioned by the robot- was able to identify 68Ga-PSMA-11 containing hot-spots in the surgical specimens: signal-to-background (S/B) was > 5 when pathology confirmed that the tumor was located <1 mm below the specimen surface. 68Ga-PSMA-11 containing (and PET positive) lymph nodes, as found in two patients, were also confirmed with the DROP-INb probe (S/B>3). The rotational freedom of the DROP-IN design and the ability to manipulate the probe with the prograsp tool allowed the surgeon to perform autonomous beta tracing. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of beta-radioguided surgery in a robotic context by means of a DROP-INb detector. When translated to an in vivo setting in the future, this technique could provide a valuable tool in detecting tumor remnants on the prostate surface and in confirmation of PSMA-PET positive lymph nodes.
A Simple and Effective Guide Device for Femoral Neck Fracture Fixed With Cannulated Screw Fixation
Authors: Ren bufang , ma quanping , gao jian , lv xin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurate placement of cannulated screws is the key to stable fixation of the femoral neck fracture. A simple guide device was developed to improve the accuracy of screw placement.Methods: 40 synthetic femoral bones were divided into conventional technique group and the experimental group. Three Kirschner wire were inserted into the femoral neck fracture by conventional technique or by the simple guide device. The operative time, total drilling times and fluoroscopic frequency were evaluated.Results: By using the guide device, the fluoroscopy and operation time of the experimental group were shorter that of the conventional method. The total drilling times with the simple guide device were significantly lower than the conventional technique group. Conclusions: The use of this guide device can make screw fixation for femoral neck fracture easier. This is helpful for an inexperienced hand.
Reliability of Simulation-Based Assessment for Practicing Physicians: Performance is Context-Specific
Authors: Sinz Elizabeth , Banerjee Arna , Steadman Randolph , Shotwell Matthew S , Slagle Jason , McIvor William R , Torsher Laurence , Burden Amanda , Cooper Jeffrey , DeMaria Samuel , Levine Adam I , Park Christine , Gaba David M , Weinger Matthew B , Boulet John R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Even physicians who routinely work in complex, dynamic practices may be unprepared to optimally manage challenging critical events. High-fidelity simulation can realistically mimic critical clinically relevant events, however the reliability and validity of simulation-based assessment scores for practicing physicians has not been established.Methods: Standardized complex simulation scenarios were developed and administered to board-certified, practicing anesthesiologists who volunteered to participate in an assessment study during formative maintenance of certification activities. A subset of the study population agreed to participate as the primary responder in a second scenario for this study. The physicians were assessed independently by trained raters on both teamwork/behavioral and technical performance measures. Analysis using Generalizability and Decision studies were completed for the two scenarios with two raters.Results: The technical score was not more reliable than the behavioral score. With two raters > 20 scenarios would be required to achieve a reliability estimate of 0.7. Increasing the number of raters would have little effect on reliability.Discussion: The performance of practicing physicians on simulated critical events may be highly context-specific. Realistic simulation-based assessment for practicing physicians is resource-intensive and may be best-suited for individualized formative feedback. Moreover, aggregate data from a population of participants may yield even higher impact if used to identify skill or knowledge gaps to be addressed by training programs and continuing education improvements across the profession.
Lung Mechanics in Type L CoVID-19 Pneumonia: A Pseudo-Normal ARDS.
Authors: Viola Lorenzo , Russo Emanuele , Benni Marco , Gamberini Emiliano , Circelli Alessandro , Bissoni Luca , Santonastaso Domenico Pietro , Scognamiglio Giovanni , Bolondi Giuliano , Mezzatesta Luca , Agnoletti Vanni 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since its outbreak, in January, 2020, it has been clear that CoVID-19 pneumonia is atypical. Despite a full concordance to Berlin criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), respiratory system mechanics is preserved [1]. Mechanical ventilation and muscular paralysis are recommended in worsening respiratory insufficiency [2]; in a substantial number of cases, prone positioning significantly improves oxygenation.
An Open Label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Single Dose of Weekly Chloroquine and Azithromycin Administered for Malaria Prophylaxis in Healthy Adults Challenged with 7G8 Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum in a Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI) Model
Authors: Livezey Jeffrey , Twomey Patrick , Morrison Meshell , Cicatelli Susan , Duncan Elizabeth H , Hamer Melinda , Lee Christine , Hutter Jack , Mills Kristen , DeLuca Jesse , Poon Lucas , Selig Daniel , Vuong Chau , Sousa Jason , Oliver Thomas , Bennett Jason , Moon James E , Sikaffy April , Sedegah Martha , Tosh Donna ,   Mara Kreishman-Deitrick2, Waterman Paige 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background: Malaria remains the top infectious disease threat facing the U.S. military in many forward operating environments. Compliance with malaria chemoprophylaxis remains a critical component in preventing malaria in the deployed Service Member. Studies of previous military operations show that compliance is consistently higher with weekly versus daily dosing regimens. Current FDA approved weekly chemoprophylaxis options have contraindications that can limit prescribing. The combination of chloroquine (CQ) with azithromycin (AZ) has previously been shown to be an efficacious treatment option for malaria, has pharmacokinetics compatible with weekly dosing, and has shown synergy when combined in vitro. Methods: In this open label study 18 healthy volunteers, aged 18-50 years (inclusive), were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg CQ or 300 mg CQ and 2 gm azithromycin (CQAZ) of directly observed therapy, weekly for 3 weeks prior to undergoing mosquito bite challenge with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Volunteers that remained asymptomatic and had no evidence of parasitemia continued to receive weekly post-exposure chemoprophylaxis for 3 weeks following malaria challenge. The primary endpoint was the number of volunteers that remained asymptomatic and had no evidence of parasitemia 28 days after the malaria challenge.Results: All 6 (100%) volunteers randomized to the CQ control group became symptomatic with parasitemia during the 28 day post-challenge period. Only 1/12 (8.3%) of volunteers in the CQAZ group developed symptoms and parasitemia during the 28-day post-challenge period. However, after chemoprophylaxis was discontinued an additional 6 volunteers developed parasitemia between days 28-41 after challenge, with 4 of 6 experiencing symptoms. 80% of subjects in the CQAZ group experienced treatment related gastrointestinal adverse events (including 13 % that experienced severe nausea) compared to 38% in the CQ group. A comparison of the pharmacokinetics in the CQAZ group demonstrated higher azithromycin Cmax (p0.03) and AUC (p0.044) levels in those volunteers who never became parasitemic compared to those who did. Conclusion: Given the high rate of side effects and poor efficacy when administered for 3 weeks before and after challenge, the combination of weekly chloroquine and azithromycin is a suboptimal regimen combination for weekly malaria chemoprophylaxis.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03278808
Socioecological Factors Associated with Hypertension Awareness and Control Among Older Adults in Brazil and Colombia: Correlational analysis from the International Mobility in Aging Study
Authors: Pirkle Catherine , Guo Mary W. , Guerra Ricardo O , Gomes Fernando , Belanger Emmanuelle , Sentell Tetine L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Hypertension awareness and control are understudied among older adults in middle-income countries, particularly contextualized according to interpersonal, institutional, and community factors. Research on hypertension in Latin America is acknowledged as insufficient.
Methods

We analyzed International Mobility in Aging Study data of 803 community-dwelling adults 65–74 years from study sites in the two most populous countries in South America: Brazil and Colombia. The study framework was the socioecological model, positing individual health outcomes are influenced by various behavioral, interpersonal, institutional, and community factors. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with hypertension awareness and control.
Results

At over 70% of participants, hypertension was prevalent in both samples, and awareness was high (> 80%). In contrast, blood pressure control among diagnosed respondents was low: 30% in Brazil and 51% in Colombia. Factors across the socioecological model were associated with awareness and control. Those with diabetes (OR 4.19, 95%CI 1.64–10.71) and with insufficient incomes (OR: 1.85, 95%CI 1.03–3.31) were more likely to be aware of their hypertension. In Colombia, those reporting no community activity engagement were less likely to be aware of their condition compared to those reporting community activities. In Brazil, it was the opposite. Women (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.12–2.46) and those reporting strolling shops and stores (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.09-3.00) were significantly more likely to have their hypertension under control. In Brazil, those 70–75 were significantly less likely to have their hypertension under control compared to their younger counterparts. In Colombia, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of hypertension control by age group.
Conclusions

There were notable differences in some factors across countries, highlighting the importance of theory-based studies within unique Latin American contexts on hypertension and other critical public health problems. Potential solutions for countries in the LAC region to improve hypertension outcomes for older adults include continuing to build access to health care to increase awareness and emphasizing social activities, including strolling in shops, that may support hypertension control as well as other desirable public health outcomes (e.g., exercise, social networks).
Exoproteome from Leptospira interrogans and Host Cells during Infection: Leptospiral Virulence Factors and Cellular Proteins Involved in Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Hu Weilin , Imran Muhammad , Li Kai-Xuan , Ojcius David M. , Sun Ai-Hua , Li Shi-Jun , Ge Yu-Mei , Dong Shi-Lei , Yan Jie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Leptospirosis, caused mainly by Leptospira interrogans, is a global zoonotic infectious disease. Macrophages and vascular endothelial cells are the main host cells for L. interrogans during infection, but the proteins released from the pathogen and the two host cells during infection remain mostly unknown.Results: Cellular supernatant proteins (CSPs) from human THP-1 macrophages or umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) infected with L. interrogans strain Lai were extracted by TCA/FASP methods. The exoproteins in the CSPs were identified by LC-MS/MS. Viability of the leptospires and host cells during infection was confirmed by confocal microscopy and MTT. The results showed that higher co-culture temperature (from 28°C to 37°C) and different biochemical environments cause a large change in the exoproteome of the spirochete. L. interrogans increased levels of leptospiral exoproteins related to stress, signal transduction and virulence factors, while the lipoprotein antigens LipL41, LipL21 and/or Loa22 were not detected. During infection of macrophages and endothelial cells, there was a large increase in host-cell exoproteins involved in stress response, complement pathways (C4/5/7/8), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, MIF, MCP-1 and GM-CSF), extracellular matrix proteins (FN, LN and COLs), and blood coagulation factors. One-third of the leptospires and infected THP-1 macrophages died during macrophage infection, but nearly all the leptospires and endothelial cells remained viable during endothelial cell infection.Conclusions: Infection causes stress reponses for both leptospires and human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells and release of virulence factors, alteration of surface leptospiral lipoprotein antigens and secretion of complement components and inflammatory cytokines from host cells.
Evaluation of an exercise-enabling control interface for powered wheelchair users: a feasibility study with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lobo-Prat Joan , Enkaoua Aure , Rodríguez-Fernàndez Antonio , Sharifrazi Nariman , Medina-Cantillo Julita , Font-Llagunes Josep M. , Torras Carme , Reinkensmeyer David J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Powered wheelchairs are an essential technology to support mobility, yet their use is associated with a high level of sedentarism that can have negative health effects for their users. People with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) start using a powered wheelchair in their early teens due to the loss of strength in their legs and arms. There is evidence that low-intensity exercise can help preserve the functional abilities of people with DMD, but options for exercise when sitting in a powered wheelchair are limited.
Methods: In this paper, we present the design and the feasibility study of a new version of the MOVit device that allows powered-wheelchair users to exercise while driving the chair. Instead of using a joystick to drive the wheelchair, users move their arms through a cyclical motion using two powered, mobile arm supports that provide controller inputs to the chair. The feasibility study was carried out with a group of five individuals with DMD and five unimpaired individuals. Participants performed a series of driving tasks in a wheelchair simulator and on a real driving course with a standard joystick and with the MOVit 2.0 device.
Results: We found that driving speed and accuracy were significantly lowered for both groups when driving with MOVit compared to the joystick, but the decreases were small (speed was 0.26 m/s less and maximum path error was 0.1 m greater). Driving with MOVit produced a significant increase in heart rate (7.5 bpm) compared to the joystick condition. Individuals with DMD reported a high level of satisfaction with their performance and comfort in using MOVit.
Conclusions: These results show for the first time that individuals with DMD can easily transition to driving a powered wheelchair using cyclical arm motions, achieving a reasonable driving performance with a short period of training. Driving in this way elicits cardiopulmonary exercise at an intensity found previously to produce health-related benefits in DMD.
Iatrogenic Dissemination Of initially Resectable Lung Cancer After Transthoracic Fine-needle Biopsy : who is to Be Blamed?
Authors: Liu Yuan-Yuan , Gong Longbo , Wu Wenbin , Zhang Miao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy is a well-established procedure for the diagnosis of lung lesions. However, tumor dissemination after transthoracic biopsy is potentially unpreventable.For radiographical malignant localized tumors, the optimal choice (a timely surgery or preoperative biopsy) is debatable.Case Presentation: A 57-year-old male patient was admitted due to a radiographical malignant but initially resectable lung tumor in the chest images. Although lobectomy, instead of biopsy, was recommended by the multidisciplinary consultation team, the patient declared that he would ask for compensation if the pulmonary lesion was benign. He developed pleural and pericardial effusion about 9 months after the first biopsy, which failed to yield a definite diagnosis.Chest tube drainage revealed malignant tumor cells. Finally, unresectable stage Ⅳ primary lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed by another biopsy. Therefore, chemotherapy plus targeted agents was administered.The patient was lost to follow up 1 month later.Conclusions: A timely resection rather than biopsy of the lung lesion suspicious for cancer should be considered when appropriate. In addition,how to avoid the negative effect of patient-physician relationship in medical decision making warrants further ethical and clinical studies.
Research on Sports Fitness Management Based on Blockchain and Internet of Things
Authors: Shan Yu , Mai Yuehui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The amount of exercise and fitness level of sports athletes can be quantitatively evaluated through the measurement of health and sports information, thereby ensuring effective fitness effects. The development of blockchain and Internet of Things technology provides a new perspective and technical means for fitness management technology. In view of the current problems in the field of sports fitness, this paper designs and implements a dynamic management technology for sports fitness based on the concept of Internet of Things and blockchain. First, based on an in-depth analysis of the current status of theoretical research and application of the Internet of Health at home and abroad, the theories and methods of sports information and health information collection are studied. A temperature sensor and an acceleration sensor are used to collect human body temperature and exercise steps, respectively, and then estimate human health and exercise conditions. Second, solve the privacy problem in the collection and transmission of the Internet of Things by adding blockchain technology. Finally, the machine learning method is used to clean and manage the information and data to realize the real-time detection and management of the athlete's fitness status. The actual case test shows that the functions and technical performance indicators of the dynamic fitness management technology can meet the needs of users in indoor and outdoor fitness management, and promote the development of the sports industry and provide a scientific reference.
Phenotypic characterization of X-linked hypophosphatemia in pediatric Spanish population.
Authors: Rodríguez-Rubio Enrique , Gil-Peña Helena , Chocrón Sara , Madariaga Leire , Cerda-Ojeda Francisco De la , Fernández-Fernández Marta , de Lucas-Collantes Carmen , Gil Marta , Luis-Yanes Mª Isabel , Vergara Inés , González-Rodríguez Juan David , Ferrando Susana , Gamero Montserrat Antón , Hidalgo-Barquero Marta Carrasco , Fernández-Escribano Angustias , Fernández-Maseda Mª Ángeles , Espinosa Laura , Oliet Aniana , Vicente Antonio , Ariceta Gema , Santos Fernando 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDX-Linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a hereditary rare disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in PHEX gene leading to hypophosphatemia and high renal loss of phosphate. Rickets and growth retardation are the major manifestations of XLH in children, but there is a broad phenotypic variability. Few publications have reported large series of patients. Current data on the clinical spectrum of the disease, the correlation with the underlying gene mutations, and the long-term outcome of patients on conventional treatment are needed, particularly because of the recent availability of new specific medications to treat XLH. RESULTSThe RenalTube database was used to retrospectively analyze 48 Spanish patients (15 men) from 39 different families, ranging from 0 to 9 years of age at the time of diagnosis, and with XLH confirmed by genetic analysis. Bone deformities, radiological signs of active rickets and growth retardation were the most common findings at diagnosis. Mean (± SEM) height was -1.89 ± 0.19 SDS and 55% of patients had height SDS below - 2. All cases had hypophosphatemia, serum phosphate being -2.81 ± 0.11 SDS. Clinical manifestations and severity of the disease were similar in both genders. No genotype – phenotype correlation was found. Conventional treatment did not attenuate growth retardation after a median follow up of 7.42 years (IQR = 11.26; n=26 patients) and failed to normalize serum concentrations of phosphate. Eleven patients had mild hyperparathyroidism and 8 patients nephrocalcinosis. CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that growth retardation and rickets were the most prevalent clinical manifestations at diagnosis in a large series of Spanish pediatric patients with XLH confirmed by mutations in the PHEX gene. Traditional treatment with phosphate and vitamin D supplements did not improve height or corrected hypophosphatemia and was associated with a risk of hyperparathyroidism and nephrocalcinosis. The severity of the disease was similar in males and females.