bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Probiotics on Growth and Production of Monosex Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) in Nylon Net Cages at Dekar Haor, Sunamganj, Bangladesh
Authors: Das P , Islam MS , Biswas M , Das PR , Arif ASM 
Published: April 2020

To assess the effect of probiotics on growth, survival rate and production performance of all monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for a period of 120 days in 2016 in nylon net cages placed in Dekar haor of Sunamganj district. The study was categorized into four treatments as T1 (brand a), T2 (brand b), T3 (brand c) and T4 (control) based on probiotics and each having three replicates. Cages were stocked with nursed male tilapia fry at a density of 35 nos./m3 with average size of 14.33 ± 6.41 - 16.33 ± 3.15 g. Tilapia of all the cages were fed with commercial mega floating feed at a decreasing rate of 10 - 5% of total biomass thrice daily. Feed was supplemented with probiotics at a rate of 0.5 g/kg. Comparatively higher growth (307.33 ± 33.92 g), survival rate (97.6 ± 4.90%), yield (10.5 ± 1.15 kg/m3), net profit (Tk.798.96 ± 90.85/m3) and lower food conversion ratio (1.16) were secured in T3 than that of other treatments, which were manifolds higher than the earthen freshwater and brackish waterbodies. Therefore, results of the study reveal that probiotics may be used in aquaculture for increasing fish production.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(1): 69-78, June 2018
FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% RIMPANG JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum) DENGAN HIDROKSIETIL SELULOSA SEBAGAI GELLING AGENT
Authors: L Pricillya M , Falestin Senny Listy Kartika , Julisna Siska 
Published: April 2020

Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum is a plant that has been determined to have antibacteria activity for Propionibacterium acnes which serve as one of the cause of acnes. Gel is the topical form used to acne’s medication. Hydroxiethyl Cellulose is used as gelling agent in gel of red ginger’s root’s ethanol 96% extract. The goal of the research is to determine the influence of increased concentration of hydroxiethyl cellulose to the formulation of red ginger’s root’s extract of ethanol 96%. The gel was made into 3 formulas with each concentration of 2%, 2.5%, and 3%. Each formulas wastested about the organoleptics, homogenity, pH, and viscosity. The result shows that on organoleptic test, the gels don’t have any change, they are homogen and their pH were stable. Based on the viscosity test, 1st, 2nd and 3rd formulas have some increase with the addition of storage’s time. The formula 1 have less viscocity with the concentration of about 2%. Based on this research, we can conclude that the 1 st formula was the best one based on the physical, chemical quality and the organoleptic test.
RISK OF LANGUAGE DELAY IN TODDLERS WITH PROLONGED SCREEN TIME : EVIDENCE BASED CASE REPOR
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Sobri 
Published: April 2020

Background: Language development of children starts early in infantcy and surges in 2 years of life, updated knowledge about association of language delay with its aggravating risk factor, in this case prolong sreening time, is very important to determine the prognosis of language development in children. Objective: To investigate the association between increased risk of language delay in toddlers with prolonged screen time. Methods: All included studies were collected from Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCO, Clinical Key and Science Direct on February 11thÂ 2020. These articles were then critically appraised using standard Oxford criteria of Evidence Based Medicine prognostic checklist. Result: Two eligible retrospective cohort studies from Lin et al (2014) and Byeon and Hong (2015) are included in this EBCR. Both were calculating the risk of language delay in toddlers between 15-35 months and 24-30 months exposed to screen viewing. Toddlers with more than 2 hours of watching television have higher risk of language delay (Odds Ratio: 3.3 (95%CI 1.5-7.3) and 2.74 (95%CI 1.13-6.65) respectively). Conclusion : The risk of language delay in toddlers is confirmed to be proportionately increased with the increases of screen duration. Maximum language development may be achieved by giving more two-way communication opportunities other than screen viewing.Keywords: Language delay, Toddlers, Screen time.Â ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Perkembangan bahasa anak-anak dimulai sejak kanak-kanak dan melonjak dalam dua tahun awal kehidupan, pengetahuan terbaru tentang hubungan antara keterlambatan bahasa dengan faktor risiko yang memburuk, dalam hal ini memperpanjang waktu menonton televisi sangat penting untuk menentukan prognosis perkembangan bahasa pada anak-anak. Tujuan : Untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara peningkatan risiko keterlambatan bahasa pada balita denganÂ waktu menonton televisi yang lama. Metode : Semua studi literatur yang dimasukkan dan dikumpulkan dari Pubmed, Scopus, EBSCO, Clinical Key dan Science direct pada 11 Februari 2020. Jurnal-jurnal ini kemudian di nilai secara appraisal menggunakan kriteria standar Oxford dalam kaidah laporan kasus berbasis bukti. Hasil : Dua studi kohort retrospektif yang memenuhi syarat kaidah laporan kasus berbasis bukti / EBCR yaitu Lin et al (2014) dan Byeon dan Hong (2015) dimasukkan dalam EBCR ini. Keduanya melakukan penelitian dan menghitung risiko keterlambatan bahasa pada balita usia antara 15-35 bulan dan 24-30 bulan yang terpapar menonton televisi dalam waktu lama . Balita yang menonton televise lebih dari dua jam sehari memiliki risiko keterlambatan bahasa yang lebih tinggi masing-masing(Odds Ratio: 3.3 (95%CI 1.5-7.3) dan 2.74 (95%CI 1.13-6.65). Kesimpulan : Risiko keterlambatan bahasa pada balita dipastikan akan meningkat secara proporsional dengan meningkatnya durasi menonton televise. Perkembangan bahasa pada anak lebih maksimal dapat dicapai dengan memberikan lebih banyak waktu untuk berkomunikasi dua arah antara keluarga selain dari menonton televisi.
Aggressive Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report
Authors: Hammad Jahangir , Ayoub Muhammad , Kashaf-ud-doja Tariq  , Farhat Gul Babar  
Published: April 2020

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign non odontogenic lesion of jaw that may show aggressive behavior. It is classified as aggressive and non-aggressive lesion on the basis of biological behavior and radiographic features. Central giant cell lesion is more frequent in children and young adult before the age of 30 years with female predilection, with characteristic radiological and histopathological features. Here we present a case of a 35 years old female with clinical and radiological diagnosis of central giant cell lesion in posterior mandible confirmed by histopathology. A surgical approach with regular follow up is the treatment of choice in most of the cases.
Key Words: Calcitonin, Corticosteroid, Curettage, Enucleation, Giant cell lesion
Internal Medicine residents use heuristics to estimate disease probability
Authors: Phang Sen , Ravani Pietro , Schaefer Jeffrey , Wright Bruce , Mclaughlin Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Background: Training in Bayesian reasoning may have limited impact on accuracy of probability estimates. In this study, our goal was to explore whether residents previously exposed to Bayesian reasoning use heuristics rather than Bayesian reasoning to estimate disease probabilities. We predicted that if residents use heuristics then post-test probability estimates would be increased by non-discriminating clinical features or a high anchor for a target condition.Method: We randomized 55 Internal Medicine residents to different versions of four clinical vignettes and asked them to estimate probabilities of target conditions. We manipulated the clinical data for each vignette to be consistent with either 1) using a representative heuristic, by adding non-discriminating prototypical clinical features of the target condition, or 2) using anchoring with adjustment heuristic, by providing a high or low anchor for the target condition.Results: When presented with additional non-discriminating data the odds of diagnosing the target condition were increased (odds ratio (OR) 2.83, 95% confidence interval [1.30, 6.15], p = 0.009). Similarly, the odds of diagnosing the target condition were increased when a high anchor preceded the vignette (OR 2.04, [1.09, 3.81], p = 0.025).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that despite previous exposure to the use of Bayesian reasoning, residents use heuristics, such as the representative heuristic and anchoring with adjustment, to estimate probabilities. Potential reasons for attribute substitution include the relative cognitive ease of heuristics vs. Bayesian reasoning or perhaps residents in their clinical practice use gist traces rather than precise probability estimates when diagnosing.
Pediatric faculty and residents’ perspectives on In-Training Evaluation Reports (ITERs)
Authors: Patel Rikin , Drover Anne , Chafe Roger 
Published: April 2020

Background: In-training evaluation reports (ITERs) are used by over 90% of postgraduate medical training programs in Canada for resident assessment. Our study examined the perspectives of faculty and residents in one pediatric program as a means to improve the ITER as an evaluation tool.Method: Two separate focus groups were conducted, one with eight pediatric residents and one with nine clinical faculty within the pediatrics program of Memorial University’s Faculty of Medicine to discuss their perceptions of, and suggestions for improving, the use of ITERs.Results: Residents and faculty shared many similar suggestions for improving the ITER as an evaluation tool. Both the faculty and residents emphasized the importance of written feedback, contextualizing the evaluation and timely follow-up. The biggest challenge appears to be the discrepancy in the quality of feedback sought by the residents and the faculty members’ ability to do so in a time effective manner. Others concerns related to the need for better engagement in setting rotation objectives and more direct observation by the faculty member completing the ITER.Conclusions: The ITER is a useful tool in resident evaluations, but a number of issues relating to its actual use could improve the quality of feedback which residents receive.
Análisis axiológico de la construcción y validación de un instrumento documental edumétrico
Authors: Paucca Gonzales Nelson , Rafayle Cuadra Rusbel Jhon , Andrade Torre Judy Andrea 
Published: April 2020

La investigación educativa, presenta ciertos sesgos en lo que respecta a la construcción de un instrumento documental de tipo edumétrico y la validación. Esta se debe, a la falta de toma de conciencia axiológica de parte de algunos investigadores, tesistas, asesores y jueces expertos que tienen la obligación de validar el instrumento formulado a través de los ítems. En función al acápite enunciado en líneas anteriores se formula el siguiente objetivo; elucidar la falta de praxis de la ética y moral de las personas involucradas en el proceso de la construcción y validación de un instrumento edumétrico. El análisis del artículo científico corresponde al método analítico – hermenéutico en lo que respecta al enfoque cualitativo y al método estudios instrumentales para el caso del enfoque cuantitativo. El método hermenéutico ha permitido analizar de manera rigurosa el papel que cumplieron las personas mencionadas anteriormente. También, se ha establecido las diferencias de manera categórica entre la construcción de un instrumento de tipo psicométrico y el de tipo edumétrico, esta última se construye a falta de los antecedentes de la investigación a desarrollar y su validez obedece a las teorías formuladas en función a las variables y dimensiones. Finalmente se concluye que las personas involucradas en la construcción edumétrica carecen de la praxis axiológica.
A Statistical Search for Star–Planet Interaction in the Ultraviolet Using GALEX
Authors: Viswanath Gayathri , Narang Mayank , Manoj P , Mathew Blesson , Kartha Sreeja S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Most (∼82%) of the over 4000 confirmed exoplanets known today orbit very close to their host stars, within 0.5 au. Planets at such small orbital distances can result in significant interactions with their host stars, which can induce increased activity levels in them. In this work, we have searched for statistical evidence for star–planet interactions in the ultraviolet (UV) using the largest sample of 1355 Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) detected host stars with confirmed exoplanets and making use of the improved host-star parameters from Gaia DR2. From our analysis, we do not find any significant correlation between the UV activity of the host stars and their planetary properties. We further compared the UV properties of planet host stars to that of chromospherically active stars from the RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) survey. Our results indicate that the enhancement in chromospheric activity of host stars due to star–planet interactions may not be significant enough to reflect in their near- and far-UV broadband flux.
The Reddening and [O ii] Emissions of the Quasar Mg ii Absorption-line Systems
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Qin Huan-Chang , Chen Zhe-Geng , Pang Ting-Ting , Gui Run-Jin , Yi Shuang-Xi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Using quasar Mg ii narrow absorption lines (NALs) with velocity offset (

, where c is the speed of light)

, this paper investigates the

emissions and reddening associated with Mg ii NALs by constructing composite spectra. Dust extinctions of all the inflow (

), environment (−750 ≤

r
< 600

), outflow (

), and strong intervening-like (2000 ≤

r
< 6000

) Mg ii NALs can be described by the SMC extinction curve, which suggest that all four types of Mg ii NALs have similar dust properties. The colors of quasars hosting intervening-like Mg ii NALs with

Å and intervening Mg ii NALs (

) are similar to those of control quasars (without Mg ii NALs with

), which suggests that these two types of Mg ii NALs are mainly formed within media unconnected with background quasars. The other three types of Mg ii NALs have much more obvious reddening to background quasars, and the stronger absorptions or the absorptions detected in radio detected quasars produce larger reddening than the weaker absorptions or the absorptions in radio undetected quasars. In addition, the dust-to-gas ratios within inflow Mg ii NALs are possibly lower than those within environment ones. We find that flux ratios

/

of quasars hosting inflow, outflow, intervening-like, and intervening Mg ii NALs are similar to those of control quasars. For quasars hosting environment Mg ii NALs, (1) the flux ratio

/

is much higher than that of control quasars, which suggests that there is a high star formation rate within the host galaxies of environment Mg ii NALs; (2) the flux ratio

/

is positively correlated with absorption strengths; and (3) radio detected quasars have a slightly higher flux ratio

/

when compared to radio undetected quasars, which suggests that the quasar feedback enhances the star formation rate within host galaxies of environment absorbers. For quasars hosting outflow Mg ii NALs, we find that

emission lines display excesses at blue wings with respect to the line profiles of control quasars, and the excesses are positively correlated with absorption strengths.
Electron Energy Partition across Interplanetary Shocks. III. Analysis
Authors: Wilson Lynn B. , Chen Li-Jen , Wang Shan , Schwartz Steven J. , Turner Drew L. , Stevens Michael L. , Kasper Justin C. , Osmane Adnane , Caprioli Damiano , Bale Stuart D. , Pulupa Marc P. , Salem Chadi S. , Goodrich Katherine A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An analysis of model fit results of 15,210 electron velocity distribution functions (VDFs), observed within ±2 hr of 52 interplanetary (IP) shocks by the Wind spacecraft near 1 au, is presented as the third and final part on electron VDFs near IP shocks. The core electrons and protons dominate in the magnitude and change in the partial-to-total thermal pressure ratio, with the core electrons often gaining as much or more than the protons. Only a moderate positive correlation is observed between the electron temperature and the kinetic energy change across the shock, while weaker, if any, correlations were found with any other macroscopic shock parameter. No VDF parameter correlated with the shock normal angle. The electron VDF evolves from a narrowly peaked core with flaring suprathermal tails in the upstream to either a slightly hotter core with steeper tails or much hotter flattop core with even steeper tails downstream of the weaker and strongest shocks, respectively. Both quasi-static and fluctuating fields are examined as possible mechanisms modifying the VDF, but neither is sufficient alone. For instance, flattop VDFs can be generated by nonlinear ion acoustic wave stochastic acceleration (i.e., inelastic collisions), while other work suggested they result from the combination of quasi-static and fluctuating fields. This three-part study shows that not only are these systems not thermodynamic in nature; even kinetic models may require modification to include things like inelastic collision operators to properly model electron VDF evolution across shocks or in the solar wind.
Suppressed or Enhanced Central Star Formation Rates in Late-type Barred Galaxies
Authors: Wang Jing , Athanassoula E. , Yu Si-Yue , Wolf Christian , Shao Li , Gao Hua , Randriamampandry T. H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Bars in disk-dominated galaxies are able to drive gas inflow inside the corotation radius, thus enhancing the central star formation rate (SFR). Previous work, however, has found that disk-dominated galaxies with centrally suppressed SFRs frequently host a bar. Here we investigate possible causes for the suppression of central SFRs in such cases. We compare the physical properties of a sample of disk-dominated barred galaxies with high central SFRs (HC galaxies) with those of a sample of disk-dominated barred galaxies with low central SFRs (LC galaxies). We find that the two samples have, on average, similar H i content and bars of similar strength. But we also find that the HCs have bluer colors than the LCs, and that outside the bar region, they host stronger spiral arms than the LCs, where closed rings are more often seen. We discuss and evaluate the possible causes for the suppression of the central SFR in the LC galaxies as opposed to its enhancement in the HC galaxies.
Migrations africaines et variations religieuses : les églises chrétiennes du Maroc et de Tunisie
Authors: Bava Sophie , Boissevain Katia 
Published: April 2020

En faisant dialoguer deux terrains de recherche conduits au Maroc et en Tunisie selon une démarche anthropologique, nous mettrons en lumière les questions que la migration africaine pose aujourd’hui aux institutions chrétiennes, catholique et protestante. Quelles reconfigurations religieuses la présence des migrants induit-elle ? D’un côté, les Églises « historiques » présentes dans les grandes villes, en tant qu’héritières des Églises officielles, ont augmenté le nombre de leurs fidèles et de leurs offices. De l’autre, les Églises pentecôtistes et charismatiques ont fait leur apparition dans les quartiers périphériques. Nous décrirons dans cet article, d’une part, les dynamiques nouvelles entre Églises catholique et protestante au Maroc et en Tunisie, et d’autre part, nous analyserons les manières différenciées dont les autorités ecclésiastiques des deux pays composent avec les orientations distinctes au sein du protestantisme entre les cultes historique et pentecôtiste. Notre hypothèse est que l’histoire des congrégations religieuses chrétiennes au Maghreb, implantées depuis le milieu du XIX e siècle, continue d’influer sur les équilibres actuels.
L’enseignement de l’histoire en Pologne depuis 2017
Authors: Tartakowsky Ewa 
Published: April 2020

En s’appuyant sur une analyse des programmes d’histoire, introduits par la réforme de 2017 et un corpus de manuels scolaires, cette contribution vise à interroger le récit historique prescrit à l’école polonaise et la manière dont il s’articule et interfère avec la « politique historique » du parti PiS, au pouvoir depuis 2015. Il s’agit d’un moment de cristallisation qualitative du discours national ethno-religieux et d’une narration historique univoque, martyrologique et héroïsante. Ces éléments rompent avec « la pédagogie de la honte », censée avoir été promue par le précédent gouvernement, ainsi qu’avec les avancées de l’histoire dite critique, laquelle intègre des composantes extérieures à l’identité catholico-polonaise et le passé « non glorieux » de la société polonaise.
La réception de la sagesse dans la sophiologie russe
Authors: Asproulis Nikolaos 
Published: April 2020

La Sophia n’a jamais été pleinement et correctement reçue dans la pensée orthodoxe. Après l’exploration brève de son développement du point de vue de la relation Dieu-monde, à travers la pensée des grandes figures de la philosophie religieuse russe, à savoir Soloviev, Florensky et le plus influents parmi eux, Boulgakov, et une évaluation critique de sa réception historique au XX e siècle par la théologie chrétienne (orthodoxe incluse), l’article propose une discussion préliminaire sur sa pertinence possible dans le dialogue à mener entre l’Église et la modernité.
Le double et la relique
Authors: Lenain Thierry 
Published: April 2020

À partir d’observations directes in situ réalisées lors d’une visite du parc à thème Universal Studios Hollywood, et inspirée par la cadre-analyse d’Erving Goffman, l’étude porte sur quelques procédés de remodalisation de mondes filmiques à l’aide d’objets réels et d’images, entre reliques de tournage authentiques et simples doubles photographiques. Destinés à permettre une reconsommation ludique de ces mondes, les procédés en question participent du déploiement d’un éventail d’objets visuels très divers par leur nature, leur statut et leur mode de fonctionnement. Comment le visiteur moyen s’oriente-t-il parmi ces environnements visuels bien plus complexes qu’il n’y paraît ? Et quelles sont les compétences qu’il lui faut mettre en jeu afin de différencier ces objets ? Telles sont les questions posées ici.
Nurses’ Implementation of Guidelines for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Authors: Cason Carolyn L. , Tyner Tracy , Saunders Sue , Broome Lisa 
Published: April 2020

• Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia accounts for 47% of infections in patients in intensive care units. Adherence to the best nursing practices recommended in the 2003 guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention should reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
• Objective To evaluate the extent to which nurses working in intensive care units implement best practices when managing adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
• Methods Nurses attending education seminars in the United States completed a 29-item questionnaire about the type and frequency of care provided.
• Results Twelve hundred nurses completed the questionnaire. Most (82%) reported compliance with hand-washing guidelines, 75% reported wearing gloves, half reported elevating the head of the bed, a third reported performing subglottic suctioning, and half reported having an oral care protocol in their hospital. Nurses in hospitals with an oral care protocol reported better compliance with hand washing and maintaining head-of-bed elevation, were more likely to regularly provide oral care, and were more familiar with rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the organisms involved than were nurses working in hospitals without such protocols.
• Conclusions The guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are not consistently or uniformly implemented. Practices of nurses employed in hospitals with oral care protocols are more often congruent with the guidelines than are practices of nurses employed in hospitals without such protocols. Significant reductions in rates of ventilator-associated pneumonia may be achieved by broader implementation of oral care protocols.