bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sukuk (Obligasi Syariah) dalam Perspektif Keuangan Islam
Authors: Maula Nasrifah  
Published: February 2020

Islam strongly encourages investment so that possessions can be productive and bring benefits in the future, of course, using a good and right way, which is in accordance with Islamic sharia, like mutual respect and does not harm others. The type of investment can be varied, we can invest through the capital market, one of which is sukuk. Sukuk are securities that are proof of ownership (claim) on assets, whether in the form of tangible, intangible or project contracts from certain activities that require the issuer to pay revenue-sharing to the Sukuk holders and pay back the Sukuk in maturity date. The principle in Sukuk transactions is in the form of emphasis on fair agreements, recommendations for profit sharing systems. In Sukuk transaction, a number of certain assets are needed which to used as the basis for conducting transactions using a contract based on sharia principles. The types of Sukuk in terms of Sukuk Ijarah, Sukuk Mudharabah, Sukuk Musyarakah, Sukuk Istishna’ with the method of issuing in bookbuilding, auction methods and private placement. In sukuk transactions there is a requirement for Underlying Assets as well as activities or processes which have been based in accordance with sharia. This shows that investing with sukuk is not worrying for investors who want to transact with sharia financial institutions.
Keywords: Investing, Transaction, Sukuk
Islam Dan Tantangan Globalisasi
Authors: Salamah Eka Susanti  
Published: February 2020

The progress of information, communication and transportation technology has had a wide influence on daily life, and even overhauled the social system. It is difficult to put the process of social, cultural and political change nowadays apart from the development of global dynamics. The process of globalization has a huge influence on the development of religious values. Religion as a view that consists of various doctrines and values has a great influence on society. They recognize the importance of the role of religion in social life - the politics of the world community. plays an important role in the process of globalization. Because of the importance of the role of religion in people's lives, it is necessary to understand the extent of religion in responding to various social problems. Religion is reduced to provide rules of life and as an instrument for understanding the world that will bring happiness to human life. In line with these changes, finally emerged three forms of fundamental paradigms that developed among Muslims in the face of globalization, namely: conservative, liberal and alternative paradigms.
Keywords: Paradigm, Islamic, Globalization.
Problems of legal regulation and development of cyber security of Ukraine at the current stage
Authors: KOSTENKO O. 
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the problems of legislative regulation of the sphere of cyber security in Ukraine based on the experience of modern cyber threats and cyber attacks that have been carried out on state information resources in recent years. Critical areas in which information systems were the most vulnerablehave to cyber-attacks have been investigated. The problem of conceptual and categorical apparatus of the basic regulatory legal acts of the sphere of cyber security is covered, as well as digital signature and lack of correlation of cybercrime with the legal liability of subjects for cyber-security offenses. Recommendations on taking appropriate measures in the field of cyber security of Ukraine at the present stage are offered.
Features of legal regulation of electronic business agreements in Ukraine
Authors: MANGORA V. 
Published: February 2020

The article explores the features of the legal regulation of electronic business agreements at the present stage in Ukraine. The current legislation governing electronic business agreements in Ukraine has been analyzed. Different perspectives on the form of electronic contracts in modern legal science have been analyzed. The main problems of legal regulation of business electronic agreements are identified. Proposals have been made to improve the current legislation governing electronic business agreements in Ukraine.
Characterization of Malaria Preventive Extracts from Myrsine africana Seeds
Authors: Shopoko Renei , Aloys Osano , Chaka Bakari 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The use of pharmaceutical anti-malaria drugs in many rural areas is not common. Various plant extracts have been used as anti-plasmodial agents. Myrsine africana seed extracts are common anti-malaria agents amongst the Maasai community of Kenya.
Aims: This study aimed at characterizing the chemical constituents of methanolic, aqua and n-hexane extracts of Myrsine africana seeds.
Study Design: An independent measures design was used.
Methodology: The extracts were obtained by maceration of the seeds before subjecting to physical-chemical analysis, functional groups, bio-metal concentrations and phytochemicals screening. Antibacterial studies were conducted using E. coli and S. aureus. The extracts were thereafter screened for presence of quinine and chloroquine by UV VIS spectroscopy.
Results: The results indicated the extracts were weakly acidic with moderate solid content. The FT-IR peaks of the extracts indicated abundance of carboxylic acids and benzylic groups. The extracts had a moderate iron concentration with mild copper, cobalt and zinc concentrations. The extracts were also rich in tannins, phenols, saponins, alkaloids and steroids. The antibacterial proficiency of both stains used increased with concentration of extracts and were highest at 50.0 mg/mL. Methanolic and water extracts of the seeds also showed appreciable quinines and chloroquinines concentrations.
Conclusions: M. africana seed methanolic and water extracts can be used as anti-plasmodial drugs to help curb malaria in rural tropical regions.
A Multifunctional Bipolar Luminogen with Delayed Fluorescence for High‐Performance Monochromatic and Color‐Stable Warm‐White OLEDs
Authors: Zeng Jiajie , Guo Jingjing , Liu Hao , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncreasing exciton utilization and reducing exciton annihilation are crucial to achieve high performance of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), which greatly depend on molecular engineering of emitters and hosts. A novel luminogen (SBF‐BP‐DMAC) is synthesized and characterized. Its crystal and electronic structures, thermal stability, electrochemical behavior, carrier transport, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence are investigated. SBF‐BP‐DMAC exhibits enhanced photoluminescence and promotes delayed fluorescence in solid state and bipolar carrier transport ability, and thus holds multifunctionality of emitter and host for OLEDs. Using SBF‐BP‐DMAC as an emitter, the nondoped OLEDs exhibit maximum electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies of 67.2 cd A−1, 65.9 lm W−1, and 20.1%, and the doped OLEDs provide maximum EL efficiencies of 79.1 cd A−1, 70.7 lm W−1, and 24.5%. A representative orange phosphor, Ir(tptpy)2acac, is doped into SBF‐BP‐DMAC for OLED fabrication, giving rise to superior EL efficiencies of 88.0 cd A−1, 108.0 lm W−1, and 26.8% for orange phosphorescent OLEDs, and forward‐viewing EL efficiencies of 69.3 cd A−1, 45.8 lm W−1, and 21.0% for two‐color hybrid warm‐white OLEDs. All of these OLEDs can retain high EL efficiencies at high luminance, with very small efficiency roll‐offs. The outstanding EL performance demonstrates the great potentials of SBF‐BP‐DMAC in practical display and lighting devices.
The Interplay between Surface Plasmon Resonance and Switching Properties in Gold@Spin Crossover Nanocomposites
Authors: Palluel Marlène , Tran Ngoc Minh , Daro Nathalie , Buffière Sonia , Mornet Stéphane , Freysz Eric , Chastanet Guillaume 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRod‐like gold nanoparticles are directly embedded in a 1D‐polymeric spin crossover (SCO) material leading to singular Au@SCO nanohybrid architectures. The resulting architectures are designed to promote a synergetic effect between ultrafast spin‐state photoswitching and photothermal properties of plasmonic nanoparticles. This synergy is evidenced by the strong modulation of the surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods through the spin‐state switching of the SCO component and also the strong enhancement of the photoswitching efficiency compared to pure SCO particles. This remarkable synergy results from the large modulation of the dielectric properties of the SCO polymer upon its thermal switching and the enhancement of the heating of these hybrid nanostructures upon excitation of the surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods.
Front and Back‐Junction Carbon Nanotube‐Silicon Solar Cells with an Industrial Architecture
Authors: Chen Jianhui , Tune Daniel D. , Ge Kunpeng , Li Han , Flavel Benjamin S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the past, the application of carbon nanotube‐silicon solar cell technology to industry has been limited by the use of a metallic frame to define an active area in the middle of a silicon wafer. Here, industry standard device geometries are fabricated with a front and back‐junction design which allow for the entire wafer to be used as the active area. These are enabled by the use of an intermixed Nafion layer which simultaneously acts as a passivation, antireflective, and physical blocking layer as well as a nanotube dopant. This leads to the formation of a hybrid nanotube/Nafion passivated charge selective contact, and solar cells with active areas of 1–16 cm2 are fabricated. Record maximum power conversion efficiencies of 15.2% and 18.9% are reported for front and back‐junction devices for 1 and 3 cm2 active areas, respectively. By placing the nanotube film on the rear of the device in a back‐junction architecture, many of the design‐related challenges for carbon nanotube silicon solar cells are addressed and their future applications to industrialized processes are discussed.
Low‐Profile Electromagnetic Holography by Using Coding Fabry–Perot Type Metasurface with In‐Plane Feeding
Authors: Li He , Li Yun Bo , Shen Jia Lin , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetasurface holography has been well studied due to its features that are superior to the traditional holographic technologies. However, high profiles of the reflection‐ and transmission‐type configurations in the metasurface holography restrict its applications. On the other hand, digital coding metasurfaces have received great attention recently because they build a link between the information theory and surface electromagnetic fields, which also bring new viewpoint and convenience for digital computational holography. Here, a real low‐profile holographic method is proposed using a leaky‐type 2‐bit coding Fabry–Perot metasurface with in‐plane feeding in the microwave frequency. For constructing the metasurface hologram, the weighted Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm is presented to modulate the energy proportion of focal points by adjusting the phase distribution. As proof of concept, some typical metasurface holograms are demonstrated in microwave experiments at the height of 35 mm (≈3 wavelengths), which show good agreement with theoretical analyses and full‐wave simulations. The design method can be easily extended to the millimeter wave and terahertz bands.
Clinical impact of D3 lymph node dissection with left colic artery (LCA) preservation compared to D3 without LCA preservation: Exploratory subgroup analysis of data from JCOG0404
Authors: Akagi Tomonori , Inomata Masafumi , Hara Takao , Mizusawa Junki , Katayama Hiroshi , Shida Dai , Ohue Masayuki , Ito Masaaki , Kinugasa Yusuke , Saida Yoshihisa , Masaki Tadahiko , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Hanai Tsunekazu , Yamaguchi Shigeki , Watanabe Masahiko , Sugihara Kenichi , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Kitano Seigo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimWe investigated the clinical impact of D3 lymph node dissection preserving left colic artery (LCA) compared to D3 without LCA preservation using data from JCOG0404. LCA preservation is expected to maintain adequate blood supply, which is effective in preventing anastomotic leakage, intestinal paralysis, and bowel obstruction. Whether D3 with LCA preservation (Group A) improves clinical outcomes following resection of sigmoid colon cancer compared to D3 without LCA preservation (Group B) is unclear.MethodsProcedure type was identified from photographs of the surgical field collected for central surgical review in JCOG0404. Clinical outcomes were compared between each procedure.ResultsAmong the 1057 randomized patients in JCOG0404, 631 patients receiving sigmoid colectomy or anterior resection were included in the subgroup analysis. Group A comprised of 135 patients and Group B of 496 patients. Patient backgrounds did not differ between groups. Median operative time, blood loss, anastomotic leakage, and intestinal paralysis were not remarkably different (Group A vs Group B: 185 vs 186 minutes, 60 vs 50 mL, 3.0% vs 5.0%, and 2.2% vs 3.8%). More overall postoperative complications occurred in Group B than Group A (21.6% vs 9.6%, P = .022). Five‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) tended to be better in Group A than Group B (RFS: 83.7% and 80.5%, HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.51‐1.26], OS: 96.3% and 91.1%, HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.19‐0.89]).ConclusionsShort‐ and long‐term outcomes tend to be better in Group A than Group B, indicating that preservation of LCA could be an alternative treatment.
Spatially Resolved Bottom‐Side Fluorination of Graphene by Two‐Dimensional Substrate Patterning
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Zhao Baolin , Lloret Vicent , Halik Marcus , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPatterned functionalization can, on the one hand, open the band gap of graphene and, on the other hand, program demanding designs on graphene. The functionalization technique is essential for graphene‐based nanoarchitectures. A new and highly efficient method was applied to obtain patterned functionalization on graphene by mild fluorination with spatially arranged AgF arrays on the structured substrate. Scanning Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) were used to characterize the functionalized materials. For the first time, chemical patterning on the bottom side of graphene was realized. The chemical nature of the patterned functionalization was determined to be the ditopic scenario with fluorine atoms occupying the bottom side and moieties, such as oxygen‐containing groups or hydrogen atoms, binding on the top side, which provides information about the mechanism of the fluorination process. Our strategy can be conceptually extended to pattern other functionalities by using other reactants. Bottom‐side patterned functionalization enables utilization of the top side of a material, thereby opening up the possibilities for applications in graphene‐based devices.
Ceria‐modified Al‐Mn‐pillared clay catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 at low temperatures
Authors: Cheng Jin , Ye Qing , Li Chenxi , Cheng Shuiyuan , Kang Tianfang , Dai Hongxing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe yCe/Al‐Mn‐pillared interlayered clay (PILC, y [Ce content] = 8–9 wt%) catalysts were prepared using the impregnation method. Catalytic activities of the materials for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 at low temperatures were evaluated, and physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, temperature‐programmed reduction, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy techniques. It is found that introduction of cerium enhanced NO conversions at low temperatures, and the 8Ce/Al‐Mn‐pillared sample showed the highest NO conversion (92% at 300°C). The superior catalytic activity of 8Ce/Al‐Mn‐PILC was associated with the change in active component and increases in amounts of the surface chemisorbed oxygen species and the acid sites after ceria loading. Additionally, the SCR reaction mechanism over 8Ce/Al‐Mn‐PILC followed both Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal mechanisms, with the former being dominant.
Boron‐Based Chiral Helix Be6B102− and Be6B11− Clusters: Structures, Chemical Bonding, and Formation Mechanism
Authors: Feng Lin‐Yan , Guo Jin‐Chang , Li Peng‐Fei , Zhai Hua‐Jin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBoron forms a rich variety of low‐dimensional nanosystems, including the newly discovered helix Be6B102− (1) and Be6B11− (2) clusters. We report herein on the elucidation of chemical bonding in clusters 1/2, using the modern quantum chemistry tools of canonical molecular orbital analyses and adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP). It is shown that clusters 1/2 contain a chiral helix Be2B10Be2 or Be2B11Be2 skeleton with a total of 11 and 12 segments, respectively, which effectively curve into “helical pseudo rings” and chemically consist of two “quasicircles” as defined by their anchoring Be centers. The helix skeleton is connected via Lewis‐type B−B and Be−B−Be σ bonds, being further stabilized by island π/σ bonds and a loose π bond at the junction. The Be6 component in 1/2 assumes a distorted prism shape only physically, and it is fragmented into four parts: two terminal Be2 dimers and two isolated Be centers. A Be2 dimer at the far end manages to bend over and cap a quasicircle from one side of B plane. Consequently, each quasicircle of a helical pseudo ring is capped from opposite sides by two Be2/Be units, facilitating intramolecular charge‐transfers of 5 electrons from Be to B. Overall, the folding of B helix involves as many as 10 electrons. The enormous electrostatics offers the ultimate driving forces for B helix formation.
Ein Geflecht aus Stahlbeton
Authors: Helbig Thorsten , Kamp Florian , Meier Florian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDas Haupttragwerk des National Veterans Memorial and Museum (NVMM) in Columbus, Ohio, USA besteht im Grundriss aus drei konzentrischen, frei geformten Ringen aus Ortbeton. Jeder Ring setzt sich wiederum aus einer Reihe verschachtelter Bögen zusammen. Dieses nach außen und innen sichtbare Gestaltungselement trägt das Dach des im Durchmesser circa 61 m großen Gebäudes. Im Inneren befinden sich Galerien, Veranstaltungsflächen, Schulungs‐ und Büroräume. Über eine außen liegende Rampe entlang der Ringe gelangt man für Veranstaltungen und Gedenkfeiern nach oben auf die Dachterrasse des Gebäudes. Die Ringe wurden als architektonisch anspruchsvolle Sichtbetonflächen ausgeführt. Der Beitrag stellt einen Bezug zu Freiform‐Stahlbetonarchitektur aus der Vergangenheit auf und geht vertieft auf die Besonderheiten der Geometrie und deren Auswirkungen auf die Stahlbetonbemessung, ‐modellierung und ‐konstruktion ein.
Protein Phosphorylation Dynamics: Unexplored Because of Current Methodological Limitations
Authors: Robichon Alain 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study of intrinsic phosphorylation dynamics and kinetics in the context of complex protein architecture in vivo has been challenging: Method limitations have prevented significant advances in the understanding of the highly variable turnover of phosphate groups, synergy, and cooperativity between P‐sites. However, over the last decade, powerful analytical technologies have been developed to determine the full catalog of the phosphoproteome for many species. The curated databases of phospho sites found by mass spectrometry analysis and the computationally predicted sites based on the linear sequence of kinase motifs are valuable tools. They allow investigation of the complexity of phosphorylation in vivo, albeit with strong discrepancies between different methods. A series of hypothetical scenarios on combinatorial processive phosphorylation is proposed that are likely unverifiable with current methodologies. These proposed a priori postulates could be considered as possible extensions of the known schemes of the activation/inhibition signaling process in vivo.
Antimicrobial and Light‐Enhanced Antimicrobial Activities, Cytotoxicity and Chemical Variability of All Tunisian Eryngium Species
Authors: Landoulsi Ameni , Hennebelle Thierry , Bero Joanne , Rivière Céline , Sahpaz Sevser , Quetin‐Leclercq Joëlle , Neut Christel , Benhamida Jeannette , Roumy Vincent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study was performed on all Eryngium species growing in Tunisia in order to evaluate their intra and interspecies variabilities and to investigate their biological activities. These species are used in traditional medicine, and literature about the phytochemical investigations of most of them is scarce. Antimicrobial and light‐enhanced activities were tested against multiresistant microorganisms and extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing bacteria (ESBL). All studied species showed antimicrobial effect with several MIC values lower than 70 μg/ml. Tested Eryngium species have proven to be a promising source of photoactive compounds, while light‐enhanced activity offers an alternative for the inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms which is currently subjected to a great interest. This is the first report of this activity in genus Eryngium. A significant improvement of antimicrobial activity with UV irradiation was observed, mainly for E. dichotomum, E. ilicifolium and E. triquetrum. Cytotoxicity, studied for the first time for the most species, was evaluated against cancer (J774) and non‐cancer (WI38) human cell lines. Chemical composition of volatile compounds presented in the most active crude extracts (petroleum ether extracts) of the aerial parts was investigated using GC/MS analysis and was submitted to statistical analyses. It revealed their high content of bioactive phytochemicals, particularly oxygenated sesquiterpenes like spathulenol, ledol and α‐bisabolol but also hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes such as β‐bisabolene and copaene, as well as polyacetylene derivatives such as falcarinol. Statistical analyses permitted to evaluate the interrelations between all Tunisian Eryngium species.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Cross‐Coupling of β‐Ketothioamides with α‐Diazo 1,3‐Diketones: Access to Highly Functionalized Thiazolines
Authors: Ansari Monish Arbaz , Yadav Dhananjay , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA photocatalyst‐ and additive‐free, visible‐light‐mediated chemoselective domino protocol was devised to access fully substituted thiazoline derivatives from β‐ketothioamides and α‐diazo 1,3‐diketones at moderate temperature in open air. The reaction proceeds through in situ generation of electrophilic carbenes from α‐diazo 1,3‐diketones by a low‐energy blue LED (448 nm), which undergoes selective coupling with nucleophilic β‐ketothioamides to give thiazolines by successive formation of C−S and C−N bonds in one stretch. Notably, the benign and clean conditions, operational simplicity, sustainability, 100 % carbon economy, high yields, and wide functional‐group tolerance are further attributes of the strategy. A mechanistic rationale for this cascade reaction sequence is well supported by control experiments.
Systematisierung und Bestimmbarkeit von Indikatoren zur Ressourcennutzung auf Unternehmens‐ bzw. Produktebene
Authors: Hauer Bruno , Fischer Diana , Klein Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEs gibt zahlreiche Ansätze, Ressourcennutzung in Volkswirtschaften und Unternehmen zu messen und zu bewerten. Sechzehn Ansätze werden systematisiert und für ausgewählte Indikatoren aus diesen Ansätzen wird beispielhaft die Möglichkeit untersucht, sie auf Unternehmens‐ bzw. Produktebene zu bestimmen. Es zeigen sich Schwierigkeiten in der Datenermittlung, insbesondere in den Lieferketten, sowie in der Indikatorberechnung durch das Fehlen von Umrechnungsfaktoren und unklare methodische Vorgaben. Die mangelnde Bestimmbarkeit der Indikatoren steht so der Anwendung dieser Ansätze im Weg.