bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Multivalent Metal/Sulfur Chemistries for High Energy Density Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Gao Tao , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: February 2020

The increasing demand for high energy density batteries urges the community to seek novel chemistries. Among them, Li/S and Li-O2 have received the most attentions due to their great potential and the community's extensive experience in Li chemistry. In contrast, multivalent chemistries (Mg and Al) attract less attention despite of their unique and remarkable advantages. Although their higher reduction potentials (Mg=-2.36V vs SHE; Al=-1.3V vs SHE) compromises battery voltages, their less reactive nature has enabled a better (elec)chemical compatibility at the metal/electrolyte interface, which eliminates any surface layer and leads to a high coulombic efficiency (100%) for metal deposition/striping. This is crucial for a rechargeable battery chemistry based on metal anode, because the formation of surface layer would cause continuous consumption of electrolyte during repeated cycling. Furthermore, the deposition of multivalent metal (Mg and Al) shows uniform morphology with no whiskers (‘dendrite’) below Sand’s time, which eliminates the possibility of whiskers penetrating through separators and internal short circuit of the battery. This feature allows multivalent metal batteries to function in a much safer manner than Li metal batteries.
The success of multivalent battery chemistry relies on development of proper electrolytes and cathode materials. While great progress has been made regarding the former, few advance was seen in the latter. In this presentation, we will introduce our latest achievement in tackling the cathode challenges. Our study has focused on metal/sulfur chemistries, because 1) they provide close or even higher volumetric energy density than Li/S chemistry; 2) the potentially fast reaction kinetics of the non-topotactic reaction compared with intercalation reaction.
Towards Next Generation Body Worn Glucose Sensors
Authors: Salari Maryam , Fan Andy , Dennis Allison , Klapperich Catherine , Galagan James , Grinstaff Mark W 
Published: February 2020

Wearable chemical sensor technologies enable the opportunity to continuously collect physiologically information on an individual’s health status. This is in contrast to traditional blood draws and subsequent analysis. Using glucose oxidase as a model enzyme we compare several fabrication methods and describe an optimized glucose monitoring sensor which works in open circuit potential with good selectivity and sensitivity over a glucose concentration range of 50 to 300 µM (Figure 1). The sensors maintain good sensitivity of more than 2000 nA/mM after two weeks. The current drifting is minimal and reproducible and device can be made. (Figure 1c). Key steps, procedural details, and findings will be discussed in this work.
Figure 1. (a) The open circuit potential amperometric monitoring the liberated hydrogen peroxide after (a) 1 day of fabrication and (b) 15 days of fabrication; along with the calibration curves on inset. (c) Drifting and calibration curve obtained for sensors made from different batches.

Figure 1
Label Free Detection of Gene Mutation by Applying a Ce2(Zr1-xTix)Oy Sensing Film Based Electrolyte – Insulator – Semiconductor (EIS) Biosensors Using Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Bag Sankar Prasad , Garu Prabir , Singh Kanishk , Lou Bih Show , Her Jim Long , Pan Tung Ming 
Published: February 2020

In recent scenario, various kinds of high-k materials such as rare-earth (RE) oxide based film are the promising candidate for achieving pH response. These types of high-k materials have been used as gate oxide material to fabricate electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) sensor devices as pH sensing membranes due to good sensing performance with their high dielectric constant, high resistivities, and large band gap energies]. Employing the Ce2(Zr1-xTix)Oy (CZT) oxide sensing membrane based EIS device has been rarely studied for biosensing applications. In this study, a bio-membrane/ Ce2(Zr1-xTix)Oy (CZT) /Si EIS structure was used as a disposable bio-chemical transducer for DNA mutation. The advantage of this structure is easy to fabricate and has greater performance than conventional devices. Zr 4+ rich content CZT based EIS devices exhibited the best sensing properties (sensitivity: 62.31 mV/pH, , lower hysteresis voltage : ~ 3.36 mV and lower drift rate : ~1.1 mV/hr). Being higher sensing properties of Zr 4+ rich content CZT is considered as a potential candidate for detection of DNA /protein due to change in the surface potential of CZT membrane. To apply the detection of ssDNA and cDNA hybridization was successfully observed in Zr 4+ rich content CZT based EIS devices

Figure 1
An Advanced Separator for Li–O2 Batteries : Maximizing the Effect of Redox Mediators
Authors: Lee Seon-Hwa , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: February 2020

Li–O2 batteries have a major obstacle regarding the large overpotential upon charging that results from the low conductivity of the discharge product.1-3 Thus, various redox mediators (RMs) have been widely studied to reduce the overpotential upon the charging process; this should help promote the oxidation of Li2O2. However, since RMs degrade the Li-metal anode through a parasitic reaction between the RM and the Li metal, a solution is needed to rectify this phenomenon. Here, we propose an effective method to prevent the migration of the RM toward the anode side of the lithium metal by using a modified separator with a negatively-charged polymer. When DMPZ (5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine) is used as the RM, we find that the modified separator suppressed the migration of DMPZ toward the counter electrode of the Li-metal anode; this is investigated by a visual redox couple diffusion test, morphological investigation, and X-ray diffraction study. This advanced separator effectively maximizes the catalytic activity of the redox mediator. Li–O2 batteries using both a high concentrated DMPZ and the modified separator exhibit improved performances and maintain 90% of the round-trip efficiency up to the 20th cycle.

References

1. B. D. McCloskey, R. Scheffler, A. Speidel, D. S. Bethune, R. M. Shelby, and A. C. Luntz, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 18038–18041.`
2. S. A. Freunberger, Y. Chen, N. E. Drewett, L. J. Hardwick, F. Bardé, and P. G. Bruce, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 2011, 50, 8609–8613.
3. S. Meini, N. Tsiouvaras, K. U. Schwenke, M. Piana, H. Beyer, L. Lange, and H. A. Gasteiger, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 11478–11493
Solid State Electrolytes and Composite Cathodes for Li-S Batteries
Authors: Henslee Brian E , Kumar Jitendra , Bhattacharya Priyanka , Zalar Frank 
Published: February 2020

Advanced lithium battery chemistries beyond lithium-ion have demonstrated high energy density (>300 Wh/kg) but need further work to improve and demonstrate cycle life, shelf life, rate capability, and safety matching or exceeding that of lithium-ion batteries. A lithium sulfur battery can theoretically reach energy densities of 2600 Wh/kg and has high potential to meet energy density needs for portable power including electric vehicles. Nevertheless, the Li-S system has not yet been implemented because of multiple obstacles: poor electrical conductivity of elemental sulfur, lack of a system that reduces the capacity robbing polysulfide shuttle (PS) effect, a suitable electrolyte that can suppress dendrite formation, and thicker cathode layers necessary to realize the energy density of a lithium sulfur couple.
Past research to improve sulfur cathode conductivity and eliminate the PS effect has included infusing sulfur within electrically conductive carbon micro- and nano-scale particles. This approach addresses both the PS shuttle and sulfur’s poor electrical conductivity; however it presents a barrier for lithium ions, which slows reaction, reduces power, and limits cathode thickness1. Effective sulfur encapsulation require both electronic and ionic conduction to build thicker cathode structures that retain battery power, capacity, and cycle life.
Typically liquid electrolytes facilitate high sulfur loadings and cathode capacity in a lithium sulfur battery however they also encourage the polysulfide shuttle through the porous polymer separator and don’t prevent dendrites. Excessive amounts of liquid electrolyte also reduces the practical energy density of a lithium sulfur cell. Solid-state electrolytes have the potential to play at least three significant roles in a lithium sulfur battery: (1) provide a barrier to stop PS shuttle effect, (2) prevent lithium dendrite formation, and (3) reduction of liquid electrolyte.
This presentation will discuss the development of a lithium sulfur battery based on combining a solid state electrolyte, entrapped sulfur cathode, and a lithium metal anode necessary to meet needs for high energy density, rechargeable energy storage. New processing methods that improve performance of sulfur carbon composites for cathodes will be discussed. The feasibility of low cost practical carbon materials for sulfur carbon composite cathodes will also be discussed in relation to the new processing methods. Methods and results of using solid state electrolytes in lithium sulfur cell design will also be discussed related to their impact on liquid electrolyte reduction and cathode capacity improvement. Finally optimization targets for a metallic lithium anode, solid electrolyte, and sulfur cathode materials will be discussed in relation to goals for cell specific energy.
1) Manthiram, Arumugam, et al. "Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries." Chem. Rev 114.23 (2014): 11751-11787.
Improved Solid Electrolyte Interface on Lithium Metal Using High-Sulfur-Content Polymers
Authors: Regula Michael John , Wang Donghai 
Published: February 2020

Recent studies in lithium-sulfur batteries have demonstrated the need to balance suppressing the lithium polysulfide effect with protecting lithium metal anodes. On one hand, polysulfides - intermediates of lithium’s reaction with sulfur that are soluble in compatible electrolytes - react with and shuttle between the cathode and the anode, contributing to undesired self-discharge and capacity fading. On the other hand, those same polysulfides, working in conjunction with lithium nitrate (LiNO3, a common electrolyte additive), help form a stable SEI and suppress lithium dendrite formation by limiting unfavorable electrolyte decomposition reactions.
The objective, then, is to find electrolyte additives that can protect lithium metal like polysulfides do, but without the self-discharge and capacity fading issues. We explore high-sulfur content polymers to accomplish this task. In this study, we specifically experiment with high-sulfur-content polymers based on trichloropropane (TCP).
TCP-based sulfur polymers are synthesized via a facile emulsion method, with CTAB serving a phase transfer catalyst between TCP and lithium/sodium polysulfides. The sulfur content in the polymers can be highly controlled and can be as high as 90 wt%. Upon reacting with lithium, these polymers form both inorganic polysulfides and organic Li-S-C species, which improves the mechanical stability of the SEI. A lithium deposition efficiency of >99% can be achieved for 400 cycles using these high-sulfur-content polymers.
Sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anodes could potentially move battery technology into the 21st century, but challenges still remain to realize their full potential. High-sulfur content polymers mimic the positive effects that lithium polysulfides have on the SEI of lithium metal, while also mitigating self-discharge and capacity fading.
Electrochemical Studies of Tin-Based Anode Materials for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Nguyen Thi Huong Giang , Nguyen Dan Thien , Song Seung-Wan 
Published: February 2020

Lithium-ion batteries have been the premier technology in modern portable devices and electric vehicles but they exhibit certain limitations such as mineral resources and cost. Recently, the search for alternative battery systems particularly based on earth-abundant elements has thus attracted remarkable attention. Of the possible substitute to lithium-ion, rechargeable magnesium (Mg) batteries are a potential candidate due to the abundance of Mg in the earth’s crust, as well as the high specific volumetric capacity (3833 mAh/cm-3), and good safety features of Mg metal.1 However, critical issues impeding commercialize Mg battery prototypes is the formation of surface blocking layer in conventional electrolytes which passivate and inactivate Mg metal anode, and limited selections of cathode material and electrolyte materials against Mg metal anode. To mitigate those issues, insertion-type anode materials have been developed as alternatives to Mg metal.2-4
Our recent works have shown that tin-based anode materials are capable of providing superior operating voltage and capacity for rechargeable Mg batteries.4 In this presentation, we report synthesis and characterization tin-based anode materials, and electrochemical studies with Mg-cells.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Research Foundation of Korea (2015062107) and Creative Human Resource Development Consortium for Fusion Technology of Functional Chemical/Bio Materials of BK Plus program by Ministry of Education of Korea.

References

1. D. Aurbach, Z. Lu, A. Schechter, Y. Gofer, H. Gizbar, R. Turgeman, Y. Cohen, M. Moshkovich and E. Levi, Nature, 407, 724 (2000).
2. N. Singh, T. S. Arthur, C. Ling, and M. Matsui, Chem. Commun, 49, 149 (2013).
3. F. Murgia, L. Stievano, L. Monconduit, and R. Berthelot, J.
Mater. Chem. A, 3, 16478 (2015).
4. D.T. Nguyen, X.M. Tran, J. Kang, and S.-W. Song, ChemElectroChem, 3, 1813 (2016).
Layered P2-NaxCoO2 and P2-NaxFeO2 As Cathode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Baskar Senthilkumar , Sada Krishnakanth , Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: February 2020

Potassium ion battery seize the attention of the scientific community due to high negative potential (-2.93V Vs SHE) of the cathode materials next to Li-ion and almost having equal abundance like the Na-ion. Very recently, interesting result based on K-ion intercalating behaviour of graphite and P2-and P3-KxCoO2 was demonstrated by Komaba et al. [1-2]. Remarkable electrochemical properties of NaxCoO2 motivated us to study the K-ion intercalation behaviour. In our work, we have investigated potassium-ion intercalation behaviour of NaxCoO2 for the first time. Hexagonal P2-type NaxCoO2 platelets were synthesized by solution-combustion synthesis (SCS) method using urea as fuel and nitrate salts as reactants. Formation of hexagonal P2-type structure with the space group of P63/mmc was confirmed from X-ray Diffraction and refined the structure using GSAS software. Atomic ratio of Na:Co was analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) which is 0.84:1.0. The systematic studies carried out by assembling a K-ion half-cell with K-metal as anode and Na0.84CoO2 as active material in 0.8 M KPF6 non-aqueous electrolyte. The K-ion intercalated structure Na0.34K0.5CoO2 was delivered a reversible capacity of 82 mAh g-1 and good rate performance with columbic efficiency of 93 %. The K-ion cell with Na0.34K0.5CoO2 was cycled up to 50 cycles at C/10 rate showed excellent cycling stability [3]. The Ex-situ XRD measurements confirmed the phase transition and K-ion intercalation/de-intercalation. P2-type NaxFeO2 was prepared by SCS method and tested as cathode material for K-ion battery. The charge storage mechanism and phase transitions in P2-type NaxCoO2 and NaxFeO2 structure will be discussed.

Acknowledgement

Author B.S. gratefully acknowledges the DST (SERB), New Delhi, India (PDF/2015/00217) for providing Fellowship.

References:

1) S. Komaba et. al., Electrochem. Commun., 2015, 60, 172
2) Y. Hironaka et. al., Chem. Commun., 2017, 53, 3693
3) K. Sada et al., Chem. Commun., Submitted

Figure 1
High Energy Density Cathode Frameworks for Potassium-Ion Battery
Authors: Masese Titus , Sano Hikaru , Senoh Hiroshi , Shikano Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

Potassium-ion battery (PIB) has recently attracted great attention not only as a low-cost alternative to lithium, but also as a high-voltage contender considering the significantly negative potential of the K+/K redox couple, which is close to or even lower than that of Li+/Li depending on the solvent [1-3]. However, the large ionic radius of potassium limits the number of potassium-based compounds that can practically be utilized as high capacity materials. As shown in Fig. 1, a vast number of polyanion-based frameworks exhibit high voltages, prime among them being vanadium-based compounds (viz., KVPO4F, KCoSO4F, KNiSO4F and KVOPO4 [4]) that show voltages exceeding 4 V vs. K. Equally important as the high voltage is high capacity, that is difficult to achieve considering the high molecular weight of most of the K-containing polyanion frameworks. This has motivated an impetus to develop high capacity oxide-based cathode materials for PIB. We will highlight potential potassium-rich manganese- and iron-based oxides, while underpinning promising polymorphs of phosphate-and sulphate-based polyanion cathode frameworks.

Reference
s
:

[1] Y. Marcus, Pure Appl. Chem., 57 (1985) 1129-1132.
[2] S. Komaba, T. Hasegawa, M. Dahbi and K. Kubota, J
.
Power Sources,
60 (2015) 172-175.
[3] A. Eftekhari, J. Power Sources,
126 (2004) 221-228.
[4] T. Masese, M. Shikano, H. Sakaebe, H. Senoh and H. Sano, PCT /JP2017/000301.

Figure 1
Solution Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Mixed-Anion Phosphates As Electrode Material for Na-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ryu Soojy , Jung Young Hwa , Wang Ji Eun , Kim Joo-Hyung , Kim Do Kyung 
Published: February 2020

Low cost with wide availability of sodium resources makes Na-ion battery (NIB) a promising alternative to energy storage system (ESS) for Li-ion technology. For grid applications, ESS requires large storage capacity, high power density and long lifetime of batteries. In this regard, polyanion-type based materials with the 3-D framework structure have attracted much attention due to high operating voltage and structural stability. Among the various polyanion-type materials, a mixed-anion phosphate is known to have a high power, small volume change and high thermal stability properties. However, these phosphates synthesized by solid state process have limitations such as poor electronic conductivity and sluggish kinetics of the electrochemical reaction.
In this study, solution combustion synthesis (SCS) of nano-sized Na4Mn3(PO4)2(P2O7) and its electrochemical properties are reported. The structure and the phase stability was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The morphological changes were further characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical performance of nano-sized Na4Mn3(PO4)2(P2O7) was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling. Nano-sized Na4Mn3(PO4)2(P2O7) electrodes exhibit better electrochemical performance than that of micro-sized particles obtained by solid state method. A complete physico-chemcial and electrochemical characterization of nano-sized Na4Mn3(PO4)2(P2O7) will be discussed in detail.
Lithium Sulfide – Carbon Composite Cathode Materials Via Aerosol Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Hart Noam , Guo Juchen 
Published: February 2020

We report the synthesis of several carbon encapsulated lithium sulfide (Li2S@C) composites via aerosol spray pyrolysis (ASP), followed by an investigation of the electrochmical properties as cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries. In this work we show that the challenges of the sulfur cathode, electrical insulation as well as polysulfide dissolution can be addressed by the arrangement of the active cathode material inside amorphous carbon confinement, accomplished with the simple, scalable manufacturing technique of ASP. In this method, ASP is first used to generate composite particles of dispersed lithium carbonate within amorphous carbon (Li2CO3@C). We show that ASP method can generate the Li2CO3@C composite from various water-soluble precursors including lithium acetate (CH3COOLi), lithium nitrate (LiNO3) or lithium carbonate, respectively, all of which yield Li2CO3 under identical reaction conditions. Sucrose is used as the carbon precursor. The obtained Li2CO3@C composites are post-treated to yield a Li2S@C composite using mixed hydrogen sulfide/argon gas (H2S/Ar at 5/95 vol.%) at evaluated temperature. The selection of precursors has an impact on particle morphology, and as such on electrochmical performance.
High Concentrated Electrolytes for Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Alvarado Judith , Schroeder Marshall , Wang Xuefeng , Xu Kang , Meng Ying Shirley 
Published: February 2020

Li metal is seen as the ultimate anode for LIBs due to its extremely high theoretical energy density (3860 mAh g-1) and low negative redox potential (-3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Making Li metal a ubiquitous anode is the key in propelling energy storage and conversion systems. It is one of the key components that will further the development of next-generation batteries, such as Li-S, Li-O2, and high energy density batteries (500Wh/kg) for the automotive industry. One way to address the dendritic growth and low coloumbic efficiency of the Li metal, is to focus on the electrolyte to form a robust and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). There are several types of electrolytes that one can use for Li metal, each serving its purpose to fulfill a need in high voltage and low voltage applications.
Herein, the focus on electrolytes for both high and low voltage applications. Simple electrolyte formulations containing LiFSI, yield a robust and stable SEI that is primarily composed of inorganic functionalities due to salt reduction. A bisalt formulations yield high plating and stripping efficiencies (98.5 at 0.5mA/cm2), even higher efficiencies at elevated temperatures. We further demonstrate the use of a high concentrated carbonate based electrolyte in a high voltage anode free and half cell that out performs the conventional carbonate electrolyte.
Mechanics of Amorphous Lithium Dendrites
Authors: Aryanfar Asghar , Cheng Tao , Goddard William A 
Published: February 2020

The formation of dendrites is a critical drawback for the utilization of Li and other metals in secondary batteries. These emorphous crystals can pierce into the polymer electrolyte and short the cell. Therefore the design/selection criterion requires the dendrite-polymer mechanical compatibility. Hereby we characterize the dendrites morphological evolution based on the intrinsic material property (surface energy). Consequently, we perform force field calculations on the created microstructures to extract the effective mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and poission ratio. In particular, our study is also useful for understanding the mechanics of amorphous structures.