bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fan translations of SKAM: Challenging Anglo linguistic and popular cultural hegemony in a transnational fandom
Authors: Duggan Jennifer , Dahl Anne 
Published: December 2019

The transnational success of the Norwegian multimedia series SKAM is unique in the Scandinavian context and a prime example of how fans’ translation, communication, and dissemination practices can lead to a series’ international success. In this study, we argue that fan translation of SKAM emphasizes the value of bi-/multilinguality by positioning Norwegian as a resource within a transnational online community, while simultaneously masking the ways in which translation into English normalizes English as the global language of communication and contributes to the Anglo-American dominance of online global media fandom. Nonetheless, fans’ use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) positions it as a democratic resource, challenging native-speaker hegemony (cf. House 2013; Widdowson 1994), and fans’ online translation and dissemination of non-Anglo media into English are practices which subvert the very dominance they actualize, challenging the privileged status of English by carving out space for non-Anglo linguistic expertise and positioning linguistic knowledge and the multicompetent language user as valuable (cf. Cook 1991; Cook 1992). This also creates a digital space for valuing non-Anglo popular cultural objects, languages, and cultures.
Willingness to Pay for Social Health Insurance by the Self-employed in Port Harcourt, Rivers State; A Contingent Valuation Approach
Authors: E. Anderson Ikeokwu , O. Adeniji Foluke 
Published: December 2019

Background/Aim: Urban Self-Employed Social Health Insurance (USSHIP), which is similar to Community-based health insurance schemes CBHI, USSHIP, is a package in the National Health Insurance Scheme NHIS specific but is not limited to self-employed individuals in Nigeria which has been rarely explored as instrument in financing healthcare in Nigeria. This study was aimed to assess the Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for USSHIP and its determinants amongst the self-employed in Port Harcourt.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of 204 self-employed individuals selected from various trade association in Port Harcourt using semi-structured interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaires. An iterative bidding approach of the contingent valuation method was used to elicit maximum WTP for the schemes. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine predictors to WTP. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 23 software.
Results: The results show that 89.7% were willing to enrol into the program; the median WTP for the scheme per person/per month is ₦300 ($0.83). The predictors of WTP were marital status, level of education and mode of payment of healthcare.
Conclusion: Sequel to the findings of this study, the WTP amount for social health insurance program by the self-employed is too small, the implications for these findings imply that with the amount stated, the program cannot be successfully implemented. Recognizing this low amount stated for WTP for USSHIP, which is insufficient to scale up the scheme, the government support for the program is highly recommended.
Isolation and Identification of Fungal Pathogen Associated with Post Harvest Deterioration of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Fruits in Three Selected Markets in Jos, Nigeria
Authors: Ishaya M. , Anzaku A. E. , John W. C. , Janfa N. , Oke O. , Oladipo S. A. 
Published: December 2019

Aim: This study was carried out to isolate, identify and characterize fungal pathogens associated with post-harvest spoilage of cucumber.
Study Design: This research study was done using random sampling technique.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out from March to June, 2019 at biology laboratory Federal College of Forestry, Jos.
Methodology: Fungi isolates were obtained from diseased portions of the cucumber fruit samples cultured on PDA media and incubated at 28ºC2 for seven days. The mycelial were identified macroscopically and microscopically. Pathogenicity tests were conducted for all the fungal pathogens identified by inoculating healthy cucumber samples and incubating for ten days with the readings being taken at two day intervals. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and means were separated using LSD at P ≤ 0.05.
Results: Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium sp., Geotrichum candidum and Yeast sp were isolated and identified. Result showed that Gada biu market was the most heavily infested location with all the fungal isolates. Geotrichum candidum constituted the highest (50%) occurrence of fungal isolates from all locations. All the fungal isolates were found to be pathogenic on cucumber fruits, with Fusarium being the most destructive, followed by yeast and Geotrichum candidum and the least was Aspergilus fumigatus.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed the isolates identified were involved in Cucumber spoilage. Therefore, Careful handling of Cucumber fruits should be ensured to prevent the spread of these pathogenic fungi.
Endocrine Therapy for Hormone Receptor‐Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Buzdar Aman U. , Dawood Shaheenah , Harvey Harold A. , Craig Jordan Virgil 
Published: December 2019

OverviewThe importance of the reproductive endocrine system in breast cancer treatment began to be appreciated at the turn of the nineteenth century. It was around this time that it was realized that approximately one‐third of premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer would respond to oophorectomy. However, it was only when the estrogen receptor (ER) was discovered that it was possible to fully appreciate the mechanisms underlying the activity of ovarian ablation and other associated treatments for breast cancer such as ovarian irradiation, adrenalectomy, and hypophysectomy. Research into both the estrogen and progesterone pathways not only provided a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of the carcinogenic pathway involved in the development of breast cancer but also allowed identification of potential targets for therapeutic intervention.This chapter discusses the recent advances in the molecular biology and physiology underlying the estrogen and progesterone receptor (PR) pathways and potential targets for intervention. In addition, it examines and compares the pharmacology and efficacy of the different endocrine agents used in the management of both early‐ and advanced‐stage breast cancer.
Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Rahaman Jamal , Lu Karen , Cohen Carmel J. 
Published: December 2019

OverviewEndometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecologic cancer in the United States with over 50,000 new cases diagnosed per year. Over 80% have Type I cancers with the classic estrogen‐dependent endometrioid histology and a favorable prognosis. Type II cancers have a different molecular profile associated with more virulent disease and diminished survival and include uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSC) and clear cell carcinomas. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has recently defined four molecular subtypes of endometrial cancer based on somatic mutations, copy number alterations, and microsatellite instability status. Over 75% of patients are present with irregular or postmenopausal bleeding. Surgical staging includes a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node sampling, which can be performed via a laparotomy, laparoscopy, or robotic surgery. Surgery, where possible, constitutes the definitive primary treatment for most patients with endometrial carcinoma. Primary radiation therapy and primary hormonal therapy are alternatives for inoperable patients. Adjuvant therapy for stage I disease is determined by age, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and tumor grade. For patients with advanced and recurrent disease, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy are utilized. Paclitaxel (T), carboplatin (C), cisplatin (P), and doxorubicin (A) are the most active single agents, with TC and TAP being the most effective combination of chemotherapy regimens. Hormonal therapy includes oral progestins, the progesterone‐containing intrauterine device, tamoxifen, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogs, and aromatase inhibitors. Emerging biologic agents with activity include bevacizumab and mTOR inhibitors. Tumor molecular profiling, minimal invasive surgery, sentinel lymph node assessment, and integration of novel biologic therapies will likely play a greater role in the future.
Hereditary Cancer Syndromes: Risk Assessment and Genetic Counseling
Authors: Webster Rachel , Bannon Sarah A. , Hyde Samuel M. , Woodson Ashley H. , You Nancy Yi‐Qian , Lu Karen H. , Arun Banu 
Published: December 2019

Overview
Understanding the etiology of cancer combines a multitude of factors including genetic, environmental, health, and lifestyle influences on the pathway to malignancy. While single‐gene‐inherited causes for cancer account for only 5–10% of cancer cases, identifying these individuals and their family members can provide insights into tumorigenesis, improvement in therapeutic outcomes, and prevention of cancer development in some cases. The process of evaluating an individual's cancer history as well as their family history is key in ascertaining those at risk for hereditary cancer.
Hierarchical Porous Organometallic Polymers Fabricated by Direct Knitting: Recyclable Single‐Site Catalysts with Enhanced Activity
Authors: Shen Yajing , Zheng Qingshu , Zhu Haibo , Tu Tao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPorous organometallic polymers (POMPs) with hierarchical pore structures, high specific surface areas, and atomically dispersed metal (Ir, Pd, Ru) centers are successfully fabricated by a facile one‐pot method through direct knitting of diverse N‐heterocyclic carbene metal (NHC‐M) complexes. These polymers can function as recyclable solid single‐site catalysts and exhibit excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in both dehydrogenation and hydrogenation reactions even at ppm‐level catalyst loadings. Remarkably, a record turnover number (TON) of 1.01 × 106 is achieved in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ‐valerolactone, which is 750 times higher than that attained with corresponding bis‐NHC‐Ir complex.
Genetic and morphological diversity of mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) in northern Madagascar: The discovery of a putative new species?
Authors: Sgarlata Gabriele Maria , Salmona Jordi , Le Pors Barbara , Rasolondraibe Emmanuel , Jan Fabien , Ralantoharijaona Tantely , Rakotonanahary Ando , Randriamaroson Jacquis , Marques Adam Joseph , Aleixo‐Pais Isa , de Zoeten Tiago , Ousseni Dhurham Said Ali , Knoop Simon Benjamin , Teixeira Helena , Gabillaud Vivien , Miller Alex , Ibouroi Mohamed Thani , Rasoloharijaona Solofonirina , Zaonarivelo John Rigobert , Andriaholinirina Nicole Volasoa , Chikhi Lounès 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTropical forests harbor extremely high levels of biological diversity and are quickly disappearing. Despite the increasingly recognized high rate of habitat loss, it is expected that new species will be discovered as more effort is put to document tropical biodiversity. Exploring under‐studied regions is particularly urgent if we consider the rapid changes in habitat due to anthropogenic activities. Madagascar is known for its extraordinary biological diversity and endemicity. It is also threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. It holds more than 100 endemic primate species (lemurs). Among these, Microcebus (mouse lemurs) is one of the more diverse genera. We sampled mouse lemurs from several sites across northern Madagascar, including forests never sampled before. We obtained morphological data from 99 Microcebus individuals; we extracted DNA from tissue samples of 42 individuals and amplified two mitochondrial loci (cytb and cox2) commonly used for species identification. Our findings update the distribution of three species (Microcebus tavaratra, Microcebus arnholdi, and Microcebus mamiratra), including a major increase in the distribution area of M. arnholdi. We also report the discovery of a new Microcebus lineage genetically related to M. arnholdi. Several complementary approaches suggest that the newly identified Microcebus lineage might correspond to a new putative species, to be confirmed or rejected with additional data. In addition, morphological analyses showed (a) clear phenotypic differences between M. tavaratra and M. arnholdi, but no clear differences between the new Microcebus lineage and the sister species M. arnholdi; and (b) a significant correlation between climatic variables and morphology, suggesting a possible relationship between species identity, morphology, and environment. By integrating morphological, climatic, genetic, and spatial data of two northern Microcebus species, we show that the spatial distribution of forest‐dwelling species may be used as a proxy to reconstruct the past spatial changes in forest cover and vegetation type.
Preparation and electrooptic study of reverse mode polymer dispersed liquid crystal: Performance augmentation with the doping of nanoparticles and dichroic dye
Authors: Sharma Vandna , Kumar Pankaj , Chinky  , Malik Praveen , Raina K. K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTReported herein, the preparation, morphological, and electrooptic (EO) characterization of reverse mode polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) with nematic liquid crystal (LC) and UV curable polymer optical adhesive using polymerization induced phase separation method. The PDLCs are switchable between transparent and opaque states due to the homeotropic and planar alignment of LC in their OFF and ON states of applied voltage, respectively. Further, effect of doping of a fixed concentration of azo dye and silica nanoparticles (NPs) on morphological, EO and response characteristics of same PDLC sample was also analyzed. Experimental results showed that doped reverse mode PDLCs have the higher OFF state optical transmission and boost up in the scattering ON state compared with pristine reverse mode PDLC. The phenomenon is also supported by extinction coefficient and absorption study based on Beer's law. The threshold and operating voltages were found reduced ~1.56 and ~1.73 times for NPs and (NPs + dye) doped reverse mode PDLCs, respectively, along with better contrasts to the pristine reverse mode PDLC. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48745.
Fabrication of tough, self‐recoverable, and electrically conductive hydrogels byin situreduction of poly(acrylic acid) grafted graphene oxide in polyacrylamide hydrogel matrix
Authors: Li Bengang , Wu Chao , Wang Chengyu , Luo Zhenyang , Cao Jianpeng 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDeveloping electrically conductive hydrogels with good electronic properties and excellent mechanical performance is significant to their potential applications. In this article, we present a strategy to fabricate tough, self‐recoverable and electrically conductive hydrogels containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Poly(acrylic acid) grafted graphene oxide (GO‐g‐PAA) was synthesized and incorporated into chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide (PAM) networks to obtain GO‐g‐PAA/PAM hydrogels, which were further treated with ascorbic acid solution at ambient temperature to give rGO‐g‐PAA/PAM hydrogels. The interfacial interaction between GO/rGO and hydrogel matrix was improved by reversible hydrogen bonds between the grafted PAA chains and PAM matrix. Consequently, both GO‐g‐PAA/PAM and rGO‐g‐PAA/PAM hydrogels exhibited improved tensile properties, excellent energy dissipation, and rapid self‐recovery. Thein situchemical reduction of GO‐g‐PAA in hydrogel matrix endowed rGO‐g‐PAA/PAM hydrogels with satisfactory electrical conductivity and obvious resistance change upon stretching. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48781.
Umbrella review and meta-analysis of antiplatelet therapy for peripheral artery disease
Authors: Ambler G K , Waldron C-A , Contractor U B , Hinchliffe R J , Twine C P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
The literature on antiplatelet therapy for peripheral artery disease has historically been summarized inconsistently, leading to conflict between international guidelines. An umbrella review and meta-analysis was performed to summarize the literature, allow assessment of competing safety risks and clinical benefits, and identify weak areas for future research.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, DARE, PROSPERO and Cochrane databases were searched from inception until January 2019. All meta-analyses of antiplatelet therapy in peripheral artery disease were included. Quality was assessed using AMSTAR scores, and GRADE analysis was used to quantify the strength of evidence. Data were pooled using random-effects models.

Results
Twenty-eight meta-analyses were included. Thirty-three clinical outcomes and 41 antiplatelet comparisons in 72 181 patients were analysed. High-quality evidence showed that antiplatelet monotherapy reduced non-fatal strokes (3 (95 per cent c.i. 0 to 6) fewer per 1000 patients), In symptomatic patients, it reduced cardiovascular deaths (8 (0 to 16) fewer per 1000 patients), but increased the risk of major bleeding (7 (3 to 14) more events per 1000). In asymptomatic patients, monotherapy reduced non-fatal strokes (5 (0 to 8) fewer per 1000), but had no other clinical benefit. Dual antiplatelet therapy caused more major bleeding after intervention than monotherapy (37 (8 to 102) more events per 1000), with very low-quality evidence of improved endovascular patency (risk ratio 4·00, 95 per cent c.i. 0·91 to 17·68).

Conclusion
Antiplatelet monotherapy has minimal clinical benefit for asymptomatic peripheral artery disease, and limited benefit for symptomatic disease, with a clear risk of major bleeding. There is a lack of evidence to guide antiplatelet prescribing after peripheral endovascular intervention.
Cortical mapping of mirror visual feedback training for unilateral upper extremity: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Bai Zhongfei , Fong Kenneth N. K. , Zhang Jiaqi , Hu Zhishan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionMirror therapy has been shown to be effective in promoting hemiplegic arm recovery in patients with stroke or unilateral cerebral palsy. This study aimed to explore the cortical mapping associated with mirror therapy in a group of healthy adults by using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy.MethodsFifteen right‐handed healthy adults were recruited by means of convenience sampling. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used: movement complexity with two levels—task‐based (T) and movement‐based (M), and visual direction with two levels—mirror visual feedback task (MT) and covered mirror with normal visual feedback task (NoT) as the control, constituting four conditions, namely TMT, MMT, TNoT, and MNoT. The regions of interest were the sensorimotor cortex (SMC), the supplementary motor area (SMA), the superior parietal cortex (SPL), and the precuneus in both the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres.ResultsOur findings showed that in the ipsilateral hemisphere, MT induced a higher activation in the SMA and SPL than NoT. With regard to the activation of the ipsilateral SMC, only one channel was found showing superior effects of MT compared with NoT. In addition, MT can strengthen the functional connectivity between the SMC and SMA. In the contralateral hemisphere, both movement complexity and visual direction showed significant main effects in the SMC, while only movement complexity showed a significant main effect in the SMA and SPL. The precuneus of both sides was deactivated and showed no significant difference among the four conditions.ConclusionsOur experiment implies that the modest activation of ipsilateral SMC during MT is likely to be associated with the enhanced activity of ipsilateral SMA and that the precuneus may not be an essential component of the MT‐related neural network.
A Heterogeneous Recyclable Rhodium‐based Catalyst for the Reduction of Pyridine Dinucleotides and Flavins
Authors: Deng Yifan , Odziomek Mateusz , Sanchez Clement , Back Olivier , Mougel Victor , Fontecave Marc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReduced pyridine nucleotides and flavins are important enzyme cofactors that require continuous regeneration for biotechnological development of the corresponding enzymes. This can be achieved with the assistance of a dehydrogenase system or by reduction with formate catalysed by a soluble organometallic {[Cp*Rh(bpy)(H2O)]2+} (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; bpy=bipyridine) complex. Here, we report that this Rh complex, once immobilized on bypiridine‐periodic mesoporous organosilica, displays catalytic activity for flavin (including FAD, FMN and riboflavin) and NAD(P)+ reduction by formate. The recyclability of this solid catalyst makes it possible to achieve up to 20 cycles of FAD reduction without activity loss. This recyclable heterogeneous catalyst can also be used to assist a complex NADH‐, FAD‐ and O2‐dependent monooxygenase system, allowing several cycles of transformation of a phenol into the corresponding catechol.
Eco‐Mn Ecocatalysts: Toolbox for Sustainable and Green Lewis Acid Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Bihanic Camille , Richards Kenza , Olszewski Tomasz K. , Grison Claude 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPhytoextraction is one of the most promising phytotechnologies used to restore natural environments degraded by mining activities. In New Caledonia, a few plant species, which belong to the Grevillea genus, have the ability to extract Mn from soil and accumulate it in abundance (over 1 % of leaves dry weight). This review describes the use of Grevillea Mn‐accumulating plant species to produce the first bio‐sourced Mn catalysts, called Eco‐Mn catalysts. Extensive structural studies of Eco‐Mn catalysts have highlighted an original composition characteristic of their vegetal origin. Eco‐Mn catalysts have demonstrated competitive catalytic activities compared to conventional Mn catalysts in Lewis acid catalysis, aminoreductions, alcohol oxidations, epoxidation reactions, oxidative cleavage of 1,2‐diols and alkenes and “Janus catalysts” for sequential tandem oxidations such as tandem carbonyl‐ene cyclisation, synthesis of substituted pyridines and oxidative iodination of ketones.
Dynamic Environments as a Tool to Preserve Desired Output in a Chemical Reaction Network
Authors: Maguire Oliver R. , Wong Albert S. Y. , Baltussen Mathieu G. , van Duppen Peer , Pogodaev Aleksandr A. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent efforts to design functional molecular systems have overlooked the importance of coupling out‐of‐equilibrium behaviour with changes in the environment. Here, the authors use an oscillating reaction network and demonstrate that the application of environmental forcing, in the form of periodic changes in temperature and in the inflow of the concentration of one of the network components, removes the dependency of the periodicity of this network on temperature or flow rates and enforces a stable periodicity across a wide range of conditions. Coupling a system to a dynamic environment can thus be used as a simple tool to regulate the output of a network. In addition, the authors show that coupling can also induce an increase in behavioural complexity to include quasi‐periodic oscillations.