bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silencio, cuerpo y baile: el lugar que ocupa un signo en el baile flamenco
Authors: Vaudagna Gabriel 
Published: January 2020

Silencio, cuerpo y baile propone una mirada sobre los signos utilizados en el baile flamenco, observación que apela a la reflexión. ¿Qué es el silencio? Cómo opera en el cuerpo y cómo el flamenco lo necesita para crear. Aquí se advierte una tensión entre significado y significante, característica que determina el estilo y define el código.Entender el silencio y su uso en el flamenco es traducir el signo, entablar el diálogo entre cante y baile para que ese espacio llamado silencio exista, determinado a la vez qué es flamenco y qué no lo es. Entonces, el silencio se vuelve legible y construye un signo que le da identidad al propio baile.Podríamos inferir que por oposición al sonido -asociado a lo masculino-, el silencio también está asociado a lo femenino, por lo cual nuestro significante comporta un género. Lo femenino y masculino en la danza lo establecen el tipo de movimiento, lineal, recto o curvo y sinuoso, pero aquí el sonido de los pies se establece como mundo habitado por hombres mientras el movimiento de brazos les pertenece a las mujeres. Aunque esta ruptura pareciera ser más una construcción del propio signo creado para el baile, que una cuestión del género de la propia danza.
Silence, body and dance offers a look at the signs used in flamenco dancing, an observation that appeals to reflection. What is silence? How it operates in the body and how flamenco needs it to create. Here there is a tension between meaning and signifier, a characteristic that determines the style and defines the codeUnderstanding silence and its use in flamenco is translating the sign, engaging the dialogue between singing and dancing so that this space called silence exists, determined at the same time what is flamenco and what is not. Then, the silence becomes readable and builds a sign that gives identity to the dance itself.We could infer that in opposition to sound -associated with the masculine-, silence is also associated with the feminine, for which our signifier implies a genre. The feminine and masculine in dance is established by the type of movement, linear, straight or curved and sinuous, but here the sound of the feet is established as a world inhabited by men while the movement of arms belongs to women. Although this rupture seems to be more a construction of the own sign created for the dance, than a question of the genre of the dance itself.
Americanismos en las guajiras flamencas: arte entre dos continentes
Authors: Cid Lucas Fernando 
Published: January 2020

En el presente artículo se analiza la presencia de americanismos insertos en las letras de algunas de las guajiras flamencas más conocidas en el repertorio pasado y actual del flamenco. Por otra parte, se comentarán algunos errores de pronunciación de dichos vocablos venidos desde el continente americano en los que han caído cantaores y cantaoras flamencos.
In this article we will analyze the presence of several Americanisms inserted in the lyrics of some of the best known flamenco guajiras in the past and current repertoire of flamenco. In the same way, some solutions will be given to some errors of pronunciation of those words coming from the American continent made by flamenco singers.
A pitfall of using the circular‐edge technique with image averaging for spatial resolution measurement in iteratively reconstructed CT images
Authors: Narita Akihiro , Ohkubo Masaki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe circular‐edge technique using a low‐contrast cylindrical object is commonly used to measure the modulation transfer functions (MTFs) in computed tomography (CT) images reconstructed with iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms. This method generally entails averaging multiple images of the cylinder to reduce the image noise. We suspected that the cylinder edge shape depicted in the IR images might exhibit slight deformation with respect to the true shape because of the intrinsic nonlinearity of IR algorithms. Image averaging can reduce the image noise, but does not effectively improve the deformation of the edge shape; thereby causing errors in the MTF measurements. We address this issue and propose a method to correct the MTF. We scanned a phantom including cylindrical objects with a CT scanner (Ingenuity Elite, Philips Healthcare). We obtained cylinder images with iterative model reconstruction (IMR) algorithms. The images suggested that the depicted edge shape deforms and fluctuates depending on slice positions. Because of this deformation, image averaging can potentially cause additional blurring. We define the deformation function D that describes the additional blurring, and obtain D by analyzing multiple images. The MTF measured by the circular‐edge method (referred to as MTF') can be thought of as the multiplication of the true MTF by the Fourier transformation (FT) of D. We thus obtain the corrected MTF (MTFcorrected) by dividing MTF' by the FT of D. We validate our correction method by comparing the calculated images based on the convolution theorem using MTF' and MTFcorrected with the actual images obtained with the scanner. The calculated image using MTFcorrected is more similar to the actual image compared with the image calculated using MTF', particularly in edge regions. We describe a pitfall in MTF measurement using the circular‐edge technique with image averaging, and suggest a method to correct it.
Proposed network structures and combined adaptive algorithms for electrocardiogram signal denoising
Authors: Ashraf M. Said , Ashraf A. M. Khalaf 
Published: January 2020

SummaryAn electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a record of the electrical activities of heart muscle and is used clinically to diagnose heart diseases. An ECG signal should be presented as clear as possible to support accurate decisions made by doctors. This article proposes different combinations of combined adaptive algorithms to derive different noise‐cancelling structures to remove (denoise) different kinds of noise from ECG signals. The algorithms are applied to the following types of noise: power line interference, baseline wander, electrode motion artifact, and muscle artifacts. Moreover, the results of the suggested models and algorithms are compared with those of conventional denoising tools such as the discrete wavelet transform, an adaptive filter, and a multilayer neural network (NN) to ensure the superiority of the proposed combined structures and algorithms. Furthermore, the hybrid concept is based on dual, triple, and quadruple combinations of well‐known algorithms that derive adaptive filters, such as the least mean squares, normalized least mean squares and recursive least squares algorithms. The combinations are formulated based on partial update, variable step‐size (VSS), and second iterative VSS algorithms, which are considered in different combinations. In addition, biased NN and unbiased linear neural network (ULNN) structures are considered. The performance of the different structures and related algorithms are evaluated by measuring the post‐signal‐to‐noise ratio, mean square error, and percentage root mean square difference.
Nonmulberry Silk Based Ink for Fabricating Mechanically Robust Cardiac Patches and Endothelialized Myocardium‐on‐a‐Chip Application
Authors: Mehrotra Shreya , de Melo Bruna A. G. , Hirano Minoru , Keung Wendy , Li Ronald A. , Mandal Biman B. , Shin Su Ryon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBioprinting holds great promise toward engineering functional cardiac tissue constructs for regenerative medicine and as drug test models. However, it is highly limited by the choice of inks that require maintaining a balance between the structure and functional properties associated with the cardiac tissue. In this regard, a novel and mechanically robust biomaterial‐ink based on nonmulberry silk fibroin protein is developed. The silk‐based ink demonstrates suitable mechanical properties required in terms of elasticity and stiffness (≈40 kPa) for developing clinically relevant cardiac tissue constructs. The ink allows the fabrication of stable anisotropic scaffolds using a dual crosslinking method, which are able to support formation of aligned sarcomeres, high expression of gap junction proteins as connexin‐43, and maintain synchronously beating of cardiomyocytes. The printed constructs are found to be nonimmunogenic in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, delving into an innovative method for fabricating a vascularized myocardial tissue‐on‐a‐chip, the silk‐based ink is used as supporting hydrogel for encapsulating human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac spheroids (hiPSC‐CSs) and creating perfusable vascularized channels via an embedded bioprinting technique. The ability is confirmed of silk‐based supporting hydrogel toward maturation and viability of hiPSC‐CSs and endothelial cells, and for applications in evaluating drug toxicity.
Multifunctional Chitosan–rGO Network Binder for Enhancing the Cycle Stability of Li–S Batteries
Authors: Kim Soochan , Cho Misuk , Lee Youngkwan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough Li–S batteries are currently receiving great interest, due to their high energy density and the low cost of sulfur, practical applications are still inhibited by capacity fading that is caused by various undesirable processes. In this study, a new multifunctional network binder composed of chitosan and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is introduced to enhance the capacitive performance of Li–S batteries. Chitosan is reacted with graphene oxide in aqueous solution to produce a homogenous network, which effectively enhances the redox system by entrapping lithium polysulfides, reinforces the mechanical properties, and allows electrical conductivity through the binder system. Collaborative relationship‐based chitosan–rGO network binder allows noteworthy improvement in the capacity decay of 0.016% per cycle at 1 C for 1000 cycles.
Necklace‐like Nitrogen‐Doped Tubular Carbon 3D Frameworks for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yuksel Recep , Buyukcakir Onur , Panda Pritam Kumar , Lee Sun Hwa , Jiang Yi , Singh Deobrat , Hansen Sandra , Adelung Rainer , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Ahuja Rajeev , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a necklace‐like nitrogen‐doped tubular carbon (NTC) are presented by growing microporous polyhedral ZIF‐8 particles and a uniform layer of ZIF‐8 on sacrificial ZnO tetrapods (ZTPs). Oxygen vacancies together with defect regions on the surface of the ZTPs result in the formation of ZIF‐8 polyhedra in conjunction with a very thin shell. This necklace‐like NTC structure has a high N content, very large surface area, ultrahigh microporosity, and quite high electrical conductivity. NTC‐based symmetrical supercapacitor and zinc‐ion capacitor (ZIC) devices are fabricated and their electrochemical performance is measured. The NTC supercapacitor shows an ultrahigh rate capability (up to 2000 mV s−1) and promising cycle life, retaining 91.5% of its initial performance after 50 000 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles. An aqueous ZIC, constructed using the NTC, has a specific capacitance of 341.2 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and an energy density of 189.6 Wh kg−1 with a 2.0‐V voltage window, respectively. The outstanding performance is attributed to the NTC high N‐doping content, a continuous “polyhedral 3D hollow” architecture and the highly porous microtubular arms exhibiting very high surface area.
Structural‐Phase Catalytic Redox Reactions in Energy and Environmental Applications
Authors: Uddin Nasir , Zhang Huayang , Du Yaping , Jia Guohua , Wang Shaobin , Yin Zongyou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe structure–property engineering of phase‐based materials for redox‐reactive energy conversion and environmental decontamination nanosystems, which are crucial for achieving feasible and sustainable energy and environment treatment technology, is discussed. An exhaustive overview of redox reaction processes, including electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and photoelectrocatalysis, is given. Through examples of applications of these redox reactions, how structural phase engineering (SPE) strategies can influence the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability is constructively reviewed and discussed. As observed, to date, much progress has been made in SPE to improve catalytic redox reactions. However, a number of highly intriguing, unresolved issues remain to be discussed, including solar photon‐to‐exciton conversion efficiency, exciton dissociation into active reductive/oxidative electrons/holes, dual‐ and multiphase junctions, selective adsorption/desorption, performance stability, sustainability, etc. To conclude, key challenges and prospects with SPE‐assisted redox reaction systems are highlighted, where further development for the advanced engineering of phase‐based materials will accelerate the sustainable (active, reliable, and scalable) production of valuable chemicals and energy, as well as facilitate environmental treatment.
Mechanically and Electronically Robust Transparent Organohydrogel Fibers
Authors: Song Jianchun , Chen Shuo , Sun Lijie , Guo Yifan , Zhang Luzhi , Wang Shuliang , Xuan Huixia , Guan Qingbao , You Zhengwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStretchable conductive fibers are key elements for next‐generation flexible electronics. Most existing conductive fibers are electron‐based, opaque, relatively rigid, and show a significant increase in resistance during stretching. Accordingly, soft, stretchable, and transparent ion‐conductive hydrogel fibers have attracted significant attention. However, hydrogel fibers are difficult to manufacture and easy to dry and freeze, which significantly hinders their wide range of applications. Herein, organohydrogel fibers are designed to address these challenges. First, a newly designed hybrid crosslinking strategy continuously wet‐spins hydrogel fibers, which are transformed into organohydrogel fibers by simple solvent replacement. The organohydrogel fibers show excellent antifreezing (< ‐80 °C) capability, stability (>5 months), transparency, and stretchability. The predominantly covalently crosslinked network ensures the fibers have a high dynamic mechanical stability with negligible hysteresis and creep, from which previous conductive fibers usually suffer. Accordingly, strain sensors made from the organohydrogel fibers accurately capture high‐frequency (4 Hz) and high‐speed (24 cm s−1) motion and exhibit little drift for 1000 stretch–release cycles, and are powerful for detecting rapid cyclic motions such as engine valves and are difficult to reach by previously reported conductive fibers. The organohydrogel fibers also demonstrate potential as wearable anisotropic sensors, data gloves, soft electrodes, and optical fibers.
Spaser Nanoparticles for Ultranarrow Bandwidth STED Super‐Resolution Imaging
Authors: Gao Zhaoshuai , Wang Jian‐Hua , Song Pei , Kang Bin , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSuper‐resolution microscopy, as a powerful tool of seeing abundant spatial details, typically can only distinguish a few distinct targets at a time due to the spectral crosstalk between fluorophores. Spaser (i.e., surface plasmon laser) nanoprobes, which confine lasing emission into nanoscale, offer an opportunity to eliminate such obstacle. Here, realized is narrow band stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy on spaser nanoparticles by collecting the coherent spasing signals. Demonstrated are the physics concept and feasibility of erasing spaser emission by using a depletion beam to suppress the population inversion, which lays the foundation of spaser‐based STED super‐resolution. Thanks to the small size (47 nm) and narrow spectral linewidth (3.8 nm) of the spaser nanoparticles, a 74 nm spatial resolution in STED imaging within an acquisition bandwidth of 10 nm is finally obtained. These spaser nanoparticles, if multiplexing with different wavelengths, in principle, allow for spectral‐multiplexed imaging, sensing, cytometry, and light operation of a large number of targets all at once.
Gallium Oxide for High‐Power Optical Applications
Authors: Deng Huiyang , Leedle Kenneth J. , Miao Yu , Black Dylan S. , Urbanek Karel E. , McNeur Joshua , Kozák Martin , Ceballos Andrew , Hommelhoff Peter , Solgaard Olav , Byer Robert L. , Harris James S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGallium oxide (Ga2O3) is an emerging wide‐bandgap transparent conductive oxide (TCO) with potential applications for high‐power optical systems. Herein, Ga2O3 fabricated nanostructures are described, which demonstrate high‐power laser induced damage threshold (LIDT). Furthermore, the demonstration of an electron accelerator based on Ga2O3 gratings is reported. These unique Ga2O3 nanostructures provide acceleration gradients exceeding those possible with conventional RF accelerators due to the high breakdown threshold of Ga2O3. In addition, the laser damage threshold and acceleration performance of a Ga2O3‐based dielectric laser accelerator (DLA) are compared with those of a DLA based on sapphire, a material known for its high breakdown strength. Finally, the potential of Ga2O3 thin‐film coatings as field reduction layers for Si nanostructures is shown; they potentially improve the effective LIDT and performance of Si‐based DLAs and other high‐power optical structures. These results could provide a foundation for new high‐power optical applications with Ga2O3.
Development of Very High Luminance p–i–n Junction‐Based Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Deng Yali , Murawski Caroline , Keum Changmin , Yoshida Kou , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Gather Malte C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) can emit light over much larger areas than their inorganic counterparts, offer mechanical flexibility, and can be readily integrated on various substrates and backplanes. However, the amount of light they emit per unit area is typically lower and the required operating voltage is higher, which can be a limitation for emerging applications of OLEDs, e.g., in outdoor and high‐dynamic‐range displays, biomedical devices, or visible‐light communication. Here, high‐luminance, blue‐emitting (λpeak = 464 nm), fluorescent p–i–n OLEDs are developed by combining three strategies: First, the thickness of the intrinsic layers in the device is decreased to reduce internal voltage loss. Second, different electron‐blocking layer materials are tested to recover efficiency losses resulting from this thickness reduction. Third, the geometry of the anode contact is optimized, which leads to a substantial reduction in the in‐plane resistive voltage losses. The OLEDs retain a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.4% as expected for an optimized fluorescent device and reach a luminance of 132 000 cd m−2 and an optical power density of 2.4 mW mm−2 at 5 V, a nearly eightfold improvement compared to the original reference device.
Atomic Modulation, Structural Design, and Systematic Optimization for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Huang Yiyin , Babu Dickson D. , Peng Zhen , Wang Yaobing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) is a pivotal precursor in fertilizer production and a potential energy carrier. Currently, ammonia production worldwide relies on the traditional Haber–Bosch process, which consumes massive energy and has a large carbon footprint. Recently, electrochemical dinitrogen reduction to ammonia under ambient conditions has attracted considerable interest owing to its advantages of flexibility and environmental friendliness. However, the biggest challenge in dinitrogen electroreduction, i.e., the low efficiency and selectivity caused by poor specificity of electrocatalysts/electrolytic systems, still needs to be overcome. Although substantial progress has been made in recent years, acquiring most available electrocatalysts still relies on low efficiency trial‐and‐error methods. It is thus imperative to establish some critical guiding principles for nitrogen electroreduction toward a rational design and accelerated development of this field. Herein, a basic understanding of dinitrogen electroreduction processes and the inherent relationships between adsorbates and catalysts from fundamental theory are described, followed by an outline of the crucial principles for designing efficient electrocatalysts/electrocatalytic systems derived from a systematic evaluation of the latest significant achievements. Finally, the future research directions and prospects of this field are given, with a special emphasis on the opportunities available by following the guiding principles.
A Turkish patient with novel AHCY variants and presumed diagnosis of S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency
Authors: Bas Hasan , Cilingir Oguz , Tekin Neslihan , Saylisoy Suzan , Durak Aras Beyhan , Uzay Elif , Erzurumluoglu Gokalp Ebru , Artan Sevilhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractS‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder affecting the muscles, liver, and nervous system. The disease occurs by pathogenic variants of AHCY gene encoding S‐adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) enzyme. This article reports a patient with presumed AHCY deficiency who was diagnosed by whole exome sequencing due to compound heterozygosity of novel p.T57I (c.170C>T) and p.V217M (c.649G>A) variants of AHCY gene. The patient had diffuse edema, coagulopathy, central nervous system abnormalities, and hypotonia. She died in 3 months due to cardiovascular collapse. Clinical findings of the present case were compatible with previously reported AHCY deficiency patients and the novel variants we found are considered to be the cause of the symptoms. This article also compiles the previous reports and expands clinical spectrum of AHCY deficiency by adding new features.
Normative ultrasound data of the fetal transverse thalamic diameter derived from 18 to 22 weeks of gestation in routine second‐trimester morphology examinations
Authors: Sridar Pradeeba , Kennedy Narelle J. , Quinton Ann E. , Robledo Kristy , Kim Jinman , Nanan Ralph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe thalamus is important for a wide range of sensorimotor and neuropsychiatric functions. Departure from normal reference values of the thalamus may be a biomarker for differences in neurodevelopment outcomes and brain anomalies perinatally. Antenatal measurement of thalamus is not currently included in routine fetal ultrasound as differentiation of thalamic borders is difficult. The aim of this work was to present a method to standardise the thalamus measure and provide normative data of the fetal transverse thalamic diameter between 18 and 22 weeks of gestational age.MethodsTransverse thalamic diameter was measured by two sonographers on 1,111 stored ultrasound images at the standard transcerebellar plane. A ‘guitar’ shape representative structure is presented to demarcate the thalamic diameter. The relationship of the transverse thalamic diameter with gestational age, head circumference and transcerebellar diameter using linear regression modelling was assessed, and the mean of the thalamic diameter was calculated and plotted as a reference chart.ResultsTransverse thalamic diameter increased significantly with increasing gestational age, head circumference, and transcerebellar diameter linearly, and normal range thalamic charts are presented. The guitar shape provided good reproducibility of thalamic diameter measures.ConclusionMeasuring thalamus size in antenatal ultrasound examinations with reference to normative charts could be used to assess midline brain structures and predict neurodevelopment disorders and potentially brain anomalies.