bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction to: “Most of the Haggadot Are Only Opinions”: Cambridge University Library T-S Misc.35.14
Authors: Outhwaite Ben 
Published: December 2019

Figures 1 and 2 should have been published in the above-mentioned article. The omitted figures and figure captions appear on the next pages.Figure 1. Solomon ben Judah, letter. Cambridge University Library T-S Misc.35.14 recto. Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.Figure 2. Solomon ben Judah, letter. Cambridge University Library T-S Misc.35.14 verso. Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.
Algorithmic Decision-Making and the Control Problem
Authors: Zerilli John , Knott Alistair , Maclaurin James , Gavaghan Colin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe danger of human operators devolving responsibility to machines and failing to detect cases where they fail has been recognised for many years by industrial psychologists and engineers studying the human operators of complex machines. We call it “the control problem”, understood as the tendency of the human within a human–machine control loop to become complacent, over-reliant or unduly diffident when faced with the outputs of a reliable autonomous system. While the control problem has been investigated for some time, up to this point its manifestation in machine learning contexts has not received serious attention. This paper aims to fill that gap. We argue that, except in certain special circumstances, algorithmic decision tools should not be used in high-stakes or safety-critical decisions unless the systems concerned are significantly “better than human” in the relevant domain or subdomain of decision-making. More concretely, we recommend three strategies to address the control problem, the most promising of which involves a complementary (and potentially dynamic) coupling between highly proficient algorithmic tools and human agents working alongside one another. We also identify six key principles which all such human–machine systems should reflect in their design. These can serve as a framework both for assessing the viability of any such human–machine system as well as guiding the design and implementation of such systems generally.
A novel method to distinguish β-methylphenylethylamines from isomeric α-methylphenylethylamines by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Tsumura Yukari , Kiguchi Akio , Komatsuzaki Satoshi , Ieuji Kei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Various phenylethylamines have been detected lately in dietary or sports supplements. N-Methyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine (phenpromethamine) and 2-phenylpropan-1-amine (β-methylphenylethylamine, BMPEA) are known to produce mass spectra almost identical to those produced by methamphetamine (MA) and amphetamine (AP), respectively, when analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). They may interfere with the analysis of MA and AP. The aims of the present study were to determine whether some substances other than phenpromethamine and BMPEA give mass spectra similar to those given by MA or AP and to develop an analytical method of distinguishing phenpromethamine from MA and BMPEA from AP by derivatization.

Methods
Twenty isomers of MA or AP were selected to be analyzed using LC/MS. Six reagents were examined for derivatization of MA, AP, phenpromethamine, and BMPEA. Three mass spectrometers from two manufacturers were evaluated for their ability to reproduce the data.

Results
All isomers except phenpromethamine and BMPEA were shown to be distinguishable from MA and AP by their mass spectra. For the discrimination of isomeric pairs, derivatization using N-succinimidyl-4-nitrophenylacetate was found to be the best for tandem mass spectrometry and that using 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride was the best for in-source collision-induced dissociation. One or more ions from each pair of isomers gave adequate difference in their relative intensities according to the World Anti-Doping Agency criteria.

Conclusions
The newly developed method was proved to be usable for discriminating among those phenylethylamines.
Role of Adult Tissue-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Leppik Liudmila , Sielatycka K. , Henrich D. , Han Z. , Wang H. , Eischen-Loges M. J. , Oliveira K. M. C. , Bhavsar M. B. , Ratajczak M. Z. , Barker J. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) consist of a heterogeneous mix of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), monocytes, lymphocytes and pluripotent stem cells. Whereas the importance of MSC and EPC has been well documented in bone healing and regeneration studies, the role of pluripotent stem cells is still poorly understood. In the present study we evaluated if and how Very Small Embryonic Like cells (VSEL), isolated from rat BM-MNC, contribute to bone healing.

Methods
Large bone defects were made in the femurs of 38 Sprague Dawley female rats and treated with β-TCP scaffold granules seeded with male VSEL; BM-MNC, VSEL-depleted BM-MNC or scaffold alone, and bone healing was evaluated at 8 weeks post-surgery.

Results
Bone healing was significantly increased in defects treated with VSEL and BM-MNC, compared to defects treated with VSEL-depleted BM-MNC. Donor cells were detected in new bone tissue, in all the defects treated with cells, and in fibrous tissue only in defects treated with VSEL-depleted BM-MNC. The number of CD68+ cells was the highest in the VSEL-depleted group, whereas the number of TRAP positive cells was the lowest in this group.

Conclusions
Based on the results, we can conclude that VSEL play a role in BM-MNC induced bone formation. In our rat femur defect model, in defects treated with VSEL-depleted BM-MNC, osteoclastogenesis and bone formation were decreased, and foreign body reaction was increased.
Petrochemistry and Sr, Nd, Pb Isotopic Characteristics of Basic Dykes of Mikir Hills, Assam
Authors: Dhurandhar A.P. , Pandey U.K. , Raminaidu Ch. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The basic dykes in Mikir Hills have gabbroic composition. The prominent trends of these dykes are E-W in Southern part of Mikir Hills and NE-SW trend in the Northern Part of Mikir Hills. The geochemical characterization of dyke rock shows that they are sub-alkaline to alkaline basalt in nature, medium to high potassic, high titanium, Fe enriched tholeiites. The evolved nature of magma is represented by low Mg# 39.34 to 49.76 and are characterized by relatively low abundances of MgO, Cr, Ni, Zr, Y and high Rb, Ba, Th, Nb, indicating the within plate basalt (WPB) and continental rift basalt (CRB) chemical affinity. This dyke activity may be related to the extensional tectonics related to Proterozoic rifting hence, showing characteristics of continental rift basalt (CRB) type. The nine samples of gabbro define a five-point Rb-Sr isochron age of 1200±67 Ma with 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70477±0.00042 with MSWD of 0.85. The Sm-Nd model ages (TDM) varies from 1600 to 2018Ma (εNd +0.11 to -2.04) indicates that the protolith from which these gabbroid rocks are derived is mostly Palaeo- to Meso-Proterozoic in age. The isotopic evolution of initial Sr, Nd and Pb reveals crustal contamination.
Water Quality Studies of the Kapadak River Basin, South-Western Bangladesh with Special Emphasis on Environmental Degradation
Authors: Roy Mrinal Kanti , Roy Pulin Chandra , Reza A.H. M. Selim , Ahmed Nasir , Moniruzzaman Md. , Hossain Shahadat 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The Kapadak River basin in SW Bangladesh lies on late Holocene-Recent alluvium of the Ganges deltaic plain in the north and Ganges estuarine plain in the south. The anion and cation trends in the analyzed shallow-tube well and river water are Cl-&gt; HCO3–&gt;NO3–&gt;SO42- and Na+&gt;K+&gt;Ca2+&gt;Mg2+ respectively. The groundwater of the area is of sodium-calcium cation facies and chloride-bicarbonate to carbonate- sulfate anion facies. The river water is of sodium-potassium cation facies and chloride-bicarbonate—sulphate to chloride –sulphate-bicarbonate anion facies. The shallow tube well is contaminated with arsenic which exceeds the WHO recommended value for drinking water (10 μg/l). The shallow water contains salinity above the standard which is unsuitable for drinking as well as for agricultural activities. The concentration of arsenic, sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, percentage of salinity and specific electrical conductance decreases with increasing depth. The shallow tube well water of the study area is very saline exceeding the permissible limit and requires treatment. The deep tube-well water contains lower amount of arsenic and sodium, lower percentage of salinity and specific electrical conductance in comparison to shallow tube-well water. As a result, the deep tube-well water is free from arsenic toxicity and has low to high salinity hazard, but is also hard that exceeds the tolerable limit of hardness of groundwater for drinking, public health and agricultural purposes and requires softening. The Kapadak river water is highly concentrated with sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, and specific electrical conductance which cause the deterioration of river water quality for agricultural purposes. According to the values of TDS, EC, boron concentration, Na%, and SAR, the shallow tube-well water as well as river water is of poor quality and unsafe for irrigation purposes, while the deep tube-well water is poorly safe for drinking and irrigation purposes. As a whole in the study area groundwater quality degrades from north to south as southern part is inundated regularly by saline estuarine water. The chemical weathering of rock-forming minerals influences the groundwater quality. Entrapped saline water in the aquifers during the Holocene time is the main source of salinity in this area with minor contribution from dissolution of halides and saline estuarine water in the Kapadak river due to tidal inundation.
Investigating the process of learning for school pupils on residential outdoor education courses
Authors: Scrutton Roger 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPupils’ process of learning on residential outdoor education courses is perceived by some providers, customers and researchers as a linear one in which learning takes place in the social affective domain followed by the academic affective domain and then, depending on course objectives, the cognitive domain. Other researchers envisage a non-linear process, akin to soft complexity, in which the inputs are the course characteristics and traits of the learner and the process an ‘intertwining’ and feedforward and feedback between learning domains. These theses are investigated with reference to the objectives of different course types – adventure, curriculum, combined - and it is concluded that while individual pupils learn in a complex way, outcomes at the level of the group and/or course appear to be linearly related. However, there is a question over whether a curriculum-related course can deliver the affective learning that seems to facilitate cognitive learning. This was tested experimentally with secondary school pupils attending a field studies (curriculum) course. Although the experimental group made significant cognitive gain it was not accompanied by the putative affective learning. Affective measures revealed a level of stability of pupils’ self-concept that might have inhibited affective learning. There remains potential for primary quantitative studies to test for relationships between elements of learning in different domains on residential courses and thus inform the process of learning.
A new palaeontinid (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha) from the Upper Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of northeastern China and its biogeographic significance
Authors: Fu Yanzhe , Cai Chenyang , Huang Diying 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCicadomorpha guancaishanensisnew species, of the extinct family Palaeontinidae, is described from the Upper Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation at Guancaishan, Jianping County, Western Liaoning, northeastern China. It represents the first record of Palaeontinidae from the Tiaojishan Formation and highlights the palaeodiversity of the Late Jurassic palaeontinids.CicadomorphaMartynov, 1926 previously included three species with extremely limited morphological differences from the Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan, the Glushkovo Formation, and the Ukurei Formation of Chita, Transbaikalia, and Russia, indicating a correlated stratigraphic relationship. This discovery provides new evidence that closure of the Okhotsk Ocean began in the Middle Jurassic. Thus, there is no distinct geographical barrier between the southern and northern areas of Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean in the Late Jurassic.UUID:http://zoobank.org/64531de4-070c-43d4-ae01-106d4338027b.
Bounds for the hazard rate and the reversed hazard rate of the convolution of dependent random lifetimes
Authors: Belzunce Félix , Martínez-Riquelme Carolina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn upper bound for the hazard rate function of a convolution of not necessarily independent random lifetimes is provided, which generalizes a recent result established for independent random lifetimes. Similar results are considered for the reversed hazard rate function. Applications to parametric and semiparametric models are also given.
Runoff on rooted trees
Authors: Jones Owen Dafydd 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe introduce an idealised model for overland flow generated by rain falling on a hillslope. Our prime motivation is to show how the coalescence of runoff streams promotes the total generation of runoff. We show that, for our model, as the rate of rainfall increases in relation to the soil infiltration rate there is a distinct phase change. For low rainfall (the subcritical case) only the bottom of the hillslope contributes to the total overland runoff, while for high rainfall (the supercritical case) the whole slope contributes and the total runoff increases dramatically. We identify the critical point at which the phase change occurs, and show how it depends on the degree of coalescence. When there is no stream coalescence the critical point occurs when the rainfall rate equals the average infiltration rate, but when we allow coalescence the critical point occurs when the rainfall rate is less than the average infiltration rate, and increasing the amount of coalescence increases the total expected runoff.
The distribution and asympotic behaviour of the negative Wiener–Hopf factor for Lévy processes with rational positive jumps
Authors: Kolkovska Ekaterina T. , Martín-González Ehyter M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study the distribution of the negative Wiener–Hopf factor for a class of two-sided jump Lévy processes whose positive jumps have a rational Laplace transform. The positive Wiener–Hopf factor for this class of processes was studied by Lewis and Mordecki (2008). Here we obtain a formula for the Laplace transform of the negative Wiener–Hopf factor, as well as an explicit expression for its probability density in terms of sums of convolutions of known functions. Under additional regularity conditions on the Lévy measure of the studied processes, we also provide asymptotic results as

$u\to-\infty$

for the distribution function F(u) of the negative Wiener–Hopf factor. We illustrate our results in some particular examples.
Interaction of Poisson hyperplane processes and convex bodies
Authors: Schneider Rolf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGiven a stationary and isotropic Poisson hyperplane process and a convex body K in

${\mathbb R}^d$

, we consider the random polytope defined by the intersection of all closed half-spaces containing K that are bounded by hyperplanes of the process not intersecting K. We investigate how well the expected mean width of this random polytope approximates the mean width of K if the intensity of the hyperplane process tends to infinity.
Completely asymmetric stable processes conditioned to avoid an interval
Authors: Lenthe Pierre , Weissmann Philip 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn a recent article, Döring et al. (2018) conditioned a stable process with two-sided jumps to avoid an interval. As usual, the strategy was to find an invariant function for the process killed on entering the interval and to show that the corresponding h-transformed process is indeed the process conditioned to avoid an interval in a meaningful way. In the present article we consider the case of a completely asymmetric stable process. It turns out that the invariant function found by Döring et al. does not exist or is not invariant, but nonetheless we will characterise the conditioned process as a Markov process.
Monte Carlo integration with a growing number of control variates
Authors: Portier FranÇois , Segers Johan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is well known that Monte Carlo integration with variance reduction by means of control variates can be implemented by the ordinary least squares estimator for the intercept in a multiple linear regression model. A central limit theorem is established for the integration error if the number of control variates tends to infinity. The integration error is scaled by the standard deviation of the error term in the regression model. If the linear span of the control variates is dense in a function space that contains the integrand, the integration error tends to zero at a rate which is faster than the square root of the number of Monte Carlo replicates. Depending on the situation, increasing the number of control variates may or may not be computationally more efficient than increasing the Monte Carlo sample size.
Assessment of color response and activity rhythms of the invasive black planthopper Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851) using sticky traps
Authors: Mazza Giuseppe , Marraccini Daniele , Mori Emiliano , Priori Simone , Marianelli Leonardo , Roversi Pio Federico , Gargani Elisabetta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo be effective, management strategies of invasive alien species cannot ignore their spatiotemporal behavior particularly those exerting serious damages to human activities. The black planthopper Ricania speculum is an Asian insect that has been reported as an alien invasive species in Italy, where it threatens local plant diversity, including important crops. In our work, we analyzed the activity rhythms of this species through circular statistics and the efficiency of chromotropic traps to capture adult individuals. Captures were carried out in central Italy, where the black planthopper is showing a remarkable range expansion, after its first discovery in 2009. We observed that the species was mainly crepuscular, with a high intersexual activity overlap. Activity rhythms changed between July–August and September–October, with changing heliophany, but peaked at sunset and were the lowest in the second half of the night and early morning. The insects were mostly caught by green traps, particularly in September, which is the period of egg-laying inside the leaves; conversely, orange ones were avoided, and yellow ones captured proportionally to their local availability. Strategies for controlling this species should consider concentrating trapping effort during the activity peak, using green sticky traps to enhance the capture success of each trap, with the lowest impact over non-target species.
Controlling walking in Stockholm during the inter-war period
Authors: Emanuel Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article offers an analysis of different approaches to control walking in Stockholm in the inter-war period. Various social actors engaged in controlling pedestrians through legislation, police monitoring, educational campaigns and traffic control technologies. But the police, municipal engineers, local politicians and road user organizations differed in their aspirations to privilege motorists over pedestrians. While the inter-war period saw a shifting balance between pedestrians and motorists in Stockholm, the transition in terms of legitimate use of city streets was incomplete. Moreover, taking pedestrians’ viewpoints into consideration, what many observers and motorists understood as rebellion against traffic rules or simply bad manners, many pedestrians found to be the safest way to cross the street.
Postconcussive Symptoms Following Mild TBI and Extracranial Injury: What Are the Contributing Factors?
Authors: Bernard Coco O. , McKinlay Audrey , Krieser David , Ponsford Jennie L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectives:Whether mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sustained by children results in persistent or recurrent symptoms, over and above those experienced by children who solely sustain mild extracranial injuries, remains debated. The current prospective longitudinal case-controlled study aimed to examine the relative influence of injury and noninjury factors on symptoms in preschool and primary school-aged children who sustained an mTBI or mild extracranial injury at least 8 month earlier.Methods:Participants were 64 parents of children (31 mTBI, 33 trauma controls) who sustained injury between ages 2 and 12, whose postconcussive symptoms across the first 3-month postinjury have been previously described. The current study assessed postconcussive symptoms at 8 or more months postinjury (M = 24.3, SD = 8.4) and examined a range of injury and noninjury predictive factors.Results:At or beyond 8-month postinjury, symptom numbers in the mTBI group were comparable with those of the group who sustained mild extracranial injury. Educational attainment of parents (below or above high-school attainment level) was the only predictor of symptoms at follow-up, with preexisting learning difficulties approaching significance as a predictor.Conclusions:While our earlier study found that mTBI was associated with symptoms at 3-month postinjury, follow-up at more than 8 months showed mTBI no longer predicted symptom reporting. While mTBI contributes significantly to the presence of symptoms in the first few months postinjury, researchers and healthcare practitioners in this field need to consider the potential impact of noninjury factors on persistent or recurrent symptoms after mTBI.