bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel-catalyzed enantioselective reductive carbo-acylation of alkenes
Authors: Lan Yun , Wang Chuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric dicarbofunctionalization of tethered alkenes has emerged as a powerful method for construction of chiral cyclic carbo- and heterocycles. However, all these reactions rely on facially selective arylmetalation of the pendant olefinic unit. Here, we successfully apply acylnickelation as the enantiodetermining step in the asymmetric nickel-catalyzed reductive carbo-acylation of aryl carbamic chloride-tethered alkenes with primary and secondary alkyl iodides as well as benzyl chlorides as the coupling partners, using manganese as a reducing agent. By circumventing the use of pre-generated organometallics, this reductive strategy enables the synthesis of diverse enantioenriched oxindoles bearing a quaternary stereogenic center under mild reaction conditions with high tolerance of a broad range of functional moieties.
A phase diagram for bacterial swarming
Authors: Be’er Avraham , Ilkanaiv Bella , Gross Renan , Kearns Daniel B. , Heidenreich Sebastian , Bär Markus , Ariel Gil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacterial swarming is a rapid mass-migration, in which thousands of cells spread collectively to colonize surfaces. Physically, swarming is a natural example for active particles that use energy to generate motion. Accordingly, understanding the constraints physics imposes on these dynamics is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying swarming. We present new experiments of swarming Bacillus subtilis mutants with different aspect ratios and at different densities; two physical quantities known to be associated with collective behavior. Analyzing the dynamics reveals a rich phase diagram of qualitatively distinct swarming regimes, describing how cell shape and population density govern the dynamical characteristics of the swarm. In particular, we show that under standard conditions, bacteria inhabit a region of phase space that is associated with rapid mixing and robust dynamics, with homogeneous density and no preferred direction of motion. The results suggest that bacteria have adapted their physical properties to optimize the principle functions assumed for swarming.
Parent Education in Studies With Nonverbal and Minimally Verbal Participants With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Koegel Lynn Kern , Bryan Katherine M. , Su Pumpki Lei , Vaidya Mohini , Camarata Stephen 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify parent education procedures implemented in intervention studies focused on expressive verbal communication for nonverbal (NV) or minimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Parent education has been shown to be an essential component in the habilitation of individuals with ASD. Parents of individuals with ASD who are NV or MV may particularly benefit from parent education in order to provide opportunities for communication and to support their children across the life span.

Method
ProQuest databases were searched between the years of 1960 and 2018 to identify articles that targeted verbal communication in MV and NV individuals with ASD. A total of 1,231 were evaluated to assess whether parent education was implemented. We found 36 studies that included a parent education component. These were reviewed with regard to (a) the number of participants and participants' ages, (b) the parent education program provided, (c) the format of the parent education, (d) the duration of the parent education, (e) the measurement of parent education, and (f) the parent fidelity of implementation scores.

Results
The results of this analysis showed that very few studies have included a parent education component, descriptions of the parent education programs are unclear in most studies, and few studies have scored the parents' implementation of the intervention.

Conclusions
Currently, there is great variability in parent education programs in regard to participant age, hours provided, fidelity of implementation, format of parent education, and type of treatment used. Suggestions are made to provide both a more comprehensive description and consistent measurement of parent education programs.
Grain/grain‐boundary mediated dispersive photo‐current characteristics in close space sublimated micro‐granular CdTe films
Authors: Ramanathan Kulandai Velu , Shankar Balakrishnan , Nair Shantikumar V. , Shanmugam Mariyappan 
Published: April 2020

Photo‐current characteristics in close space sublimation processed multi‐facetted Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) micro‐granular films were studied under AM1.5, blue and green laser illuminations to assess the energy dependent charge transport characteristics. Photo‐current under AM1.5 illumination (100 mW/cm2) resulted in three times more than dark current while it was observed 2.4 and 2.5 times more in case of blue and green laser illuminations, respectively. While all the three illuminations (AM1.5, blue and green lasers) were capable to generate photo‐electrons in CdTe, the variation in magnitude was articulated to the effect of grain boundaries present across the charge transport pathways as evidenced from the surface morphology examined by scanning electron microscopic studies which asserted that CdTe films were micro‐granular in nature separated by grain boundaries. It is elucidated in the measurements that charge carriers under the illumination of AM1.5 light, acquired energy to overcome the grain boundaries easily compared to the charge carriers produced by blue and green light sources as evidenced from the photo‐current measurements.
The ALMA view of the high-redshift relation between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies
Authors: Pensabene A. , Carniani S. , Perna M. , Cresci G. , Decarli R. , Maiolino R. , Marconi A. 
Published: April 2020

Context.The existence of tight correlations between supermassive black holes (BHs) and their host galaxies’ properties in the local Universe suggests a closely linked evolution. Investigating these relations up to the high redshifts (z ≳ 6) is crucial in order to understand the interplay between star formation and BH growth across the cosmic time and to set constraints on galaxy formation and evolution models. In this work, we focus on the relation between BH mass (MBH) and the dynamical mass (Mdyn) of the host galaxy.Aims.Previous works suggest an evolution of theMBH−Mdynrelation with redshift indicating that BH growth precedes the galaxy mass assembly during their co-evolution atz >  3. However, dynamical galaxy masses at high redshift are often estimated through the virial theorem, thus introducing significant uncertainties. Within the scope of this work, our aim is to study theMBH−Mdynrelation of a sample of 2 <  z <  7 quasars by constraining their galaxy masses through a full kinematical modelling of the cold gas kinematics, thus avoiding all possible biases and effects introduced by the rough estimates usually adopted so far.Methods.For this purpose, we retrieved public observations of 72 quasar host galaxies observed in [CII]158 μmor CO transitions with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We then selected those quasars whose line emission is spatially resolved, and performed a kinematic analysis on ALMA observations. We estimated the dynamical mass of the systems by modelling the gas kinematics with a rotating disc, taking into account geometrical and instrumental effects. Our dynamical mass estimates, combined withMBHobtained from literature and our own new CIVλ1550 observations allowed us to investigate theMBH/Mdynin the early Universe.Results.Overall, we obtained a sample of ten quasars atz ∼ 2−7, in which line emission is detected with high S/N (≳5−10) and the gas kinematics are spatially resolved and dominated by ordered rotation. The estimated dynamical masses place six out of ten quasars above the local relation yielding toMBH/Mdynratios ∼10× higher than those estimated in low-zgalaxies. On the other hand, we found that four quasars atz ∼ 4−6 have dynamical-to-BH-mass ratios consistent with what is observed in early-type galaxies in the local Universe.
Deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disc of M31
Authors: Kavanagh Patrick J. , Sasaki Manami , Breitschwerdt Dieter , de Avillez Miguel A. , Filipović Miroslav D. , Galvin Timothy , Haberl Frank , Hatzidimitriou Despina , Henze Martin , Plucinsky Paul P. , Saeedi Sara , Sokolovsky Kirill V. , Williams Benjamin F. 
Published: April 2020

Aims. We use new deep XMM-Newton observations of the northern disc of M31 to trace the hot interstellar medium (ISM) in unprecedented detail and to characterise the physical properties of the X-ray emitting plasmas.
Methods. We used all XMM-Newton data up to and including our new observations to produce the most detailed image yet of the hot ISM plasma in a grand design spiral galaxy such as our own. We compared the X-ray morphology to multi-wavelength studies in the literature to set it in the context of the multi-phase ISM. We performed spectral analyses on the extended emission using our new observations as they offer sufficient depth and count statistics to constrain the plasma properties. Data from the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury were used to estimate the energy injected by massive stars and their supernovae. We compared these results to the hot gas properties.
Results. The brightest emission regions were found to be correlated with populations of massive stars, notably in the 10 kpc star-forming ring. The plasma temperatures in the ring regions are ~0.2 up to ~0.6 keV. We suggest this emission is hot ISM heated in massive stellar clusters and superbubbles. We derived X-ray luminosities, densities, and pressures for the gas in each region. We also found large extended emission filling low density gaps in the dust morphology of the northern disc, notably between the 5 and 10 kpc star-forming rings. We propose that the hot gas was heated and expelled into the gaps by the populations of massive stars in the rings.
Conclusions. It is clear that the massive stellar populations are responsible for heating the ISM to X-ray emitting temperatures, filling their surroundings, and possibly driving the hot gas into the low density regions. Overall, the morphology and spectra of the hot gas in the northern disc of M31 is similar to other galaxy discs.
An Approach for Integrating Mixed Reality into BIM for Early Stage Design Coordination
Authors: Prabhakaran Abhinesh , Mahamadu Abdul-Majeed , Mahdjoubi Lamine , Manu Patrick 
Published: April 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) and its associated technologies have proved to be one of the most promising developments in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Over the past few decades, the AEC sector has been restricted in its communication of design as a result of single interface methods based on 2D and 3D visualization of information. Thus, most issues with respect to construction are identified fairly late, resulting in costly changes. With the introduction of BIM, many other approaches to data visualization can be leveraged including Mixed Reality (MR) applications for the virtual representation of spaces and objects beyond 3D. MR offers a revolution in the virtual representation of objects and space through context awareness as well as the incorporation of information beyond 3D offering countless opportunities for more effective design visualization and coordination. Despite the capability of MR, however, few examples exist of its application to design coordination in the AEC. In addressing this gap this study proposes a novel methodology for the application of MR in design coordination as well as investigates the impact of introducing MR into BIM workflow with a focus on the identification and avoidance of clashes. A prototypical model of the MR design coordination is presented and discussed. Findings indicate that MR improves design productivity and quality but also highlights potential infrastructure issues inhibiting the mainstreaming of MR for design practice.
Usefulness of direct clipping for the bleeding source of colonic diverticular hemorrhage (with videos)
Authors: Kishino Takaaki , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Kitamura Yoko , Fukumoto Kohei , Okamoto Naoki , Shimokobe Hideto 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The efficacy of endoclips for colonic diverticular hemorrhage remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endoclips versus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of colonic diverticular hemorrhage.
Patients and methods At Nara City Hospital, 93 patients with colonic diverticular hemorrhage with stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) were treated using endoclips or EBL between January 2013 and December 2018. We classified the patients treated by endoclips into the direct clipping group and indirect clipping group. Endoclips were placed directly onto the vessel if technically feasible (direct clipping). When direct placement of endoclips onto the vessel was not possible, the diverticulum was closed in a zipper fashion (indirect clipping). Patient demographics, rate of early rebleeding within 30 days after initial treatment, and complications were retrospectively evaluated.
Results Of the 93 patients, 34, 28, and 31 were in the direct clipping group, indirect clipping group, and EBL group, respectively. Rates of early rebleeding in the direct clipping, indirect clipping, and EBL groups were 5.9 % (2/34), 35.7 % (10/28), and 6.5 % (2/31), respectively (P = 0.006: direct clipping vs indirect clipping, P = 1: direct clipping vs EBL). No complications occurred in any groups. All patients who had early rebleeding in the direct clipping group underwent EBL, and no further bleeding occurred after repeat therapy.
Conclusions Direct clip placement is acceptable as the first treatment choice for colonic diverticular hemorrhage. When direct placement of endoclips is not possible, EBL should be performed instead of indirect clipping.
Endoscopic full-thickness resection using a clip non-exposed method for gastrointestinal tract lesions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Brewer Gutierrez Olaya I. , Akshintala Venkata S. , Ichkhanian Yervant , Brewer Gala G. , Hanada Yuri , Truskey Maria P. , Agarwal Amol , Hajiyeva Gulara , Kumbhari Vivek , Kalloo Anthony N. , Khashab Mouen A. , Ngamruengphong Saowanee 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) allows for treatment of epithelial and sub-epithelial lesions (SELs) unsuitable to conventional resection techniques. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of clip-assisted method for non-exposed EFTR using FTRD or over-the-scope clip of gastrointestinal tumors.
Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed. The primary outcome of interest was the rate of histologic complete resection (R0). Secondary outcomes of interest were the rate of enbloc resection, FTR, adverse events, and post-EFTR surgery. Random-effects model was used to calculate pooled estimates and generate forest plots.
Results Eighteen studies with 730 patients and 733 lesions were included in the analyses. Indications for EFTR were difficult/residual colorectal adenoma, adenoma at a diverticulum or appendiceal orifice and early cancer (n = 634), colorectal SELs (n = 42), and upper gastrointestinal lesions (n = 51), other colonic lesions (n = 6). Median size of lesions was 13.5 mm. There were 22 failed EFTR attempts. Pooled overall R0 resection rate was 82 % (95 % CI: 75, 89). The pooled overall FTR rate was 83 % (95 % CI: 77, 89). The pooled overall enbloc resection rate was 95 (95 % CI: 92, 96). The pooled estimates for perforation and bleeding were < 0.1 % and 2 %, respectively. Following EFTR, a total of 110 patients underwent surgery for any reason [pooled rate 7 % (95 % 2, 14). The pooled rates for post-EFTR surgery due to invasive cancer, for non-curative endoscopic resection and for adverse events were 4 %, < 0.1 % and < 0.1 %, respectively. No mortality related to EFTR was noted.
Conclusions EFTR appears to be safe and effective for gastrointestinal lesions that are not amenable to conventional endoscopic resection. This technique should be considered as an alternative to surgery in selected cases.
Preliminary report on the safety and utility of a novel automated mechanical endoscopic tissue resection tool for endoscopic necrosectomy: a case series
Authors: van der Wiel S. E. , May A. , Poley J. W. , Grubben M. J. A. L. , Wetzka J. , Bruno M. J. , Koch A. D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of walled-off necrosis and subsequent endoscopic necrosectomy has been shown to be an effective step-up management strategy in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. One of the limitations of this endoscopic approach however, is the lack of dedicated and effective instruments to remove necrotic tissue. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcome of the EndoRotor, a novel automated mechanical endoscopic tissue resection tool, in patients with necrotizing pancreatitis.
Methods Patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis in need of endoscopic necrosectomy after initial cystogastroscopy, were treated using the EndoRotor. Procedures were performed under conscious or propofol sedation by six experienced endoscopists. Technical feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes were evaluated and scored. Operator experience was assessed by a short questionnaire.
Results Twelve patients with a median age of 60.6 years, underwent a total of 27 procedures for removal of infected pancreatic necrosis using the EndoRotor. Of these, nine patients were treated de novo. Three patients had already undergone unsuccessful endoscopic necrosectomy procedures using conventional tools. The mean size of the walled-off cavities was 117.5 ± 51.9 mm. An average of two procedures (range 1 – 7) per patient was required to achieve complete removal of necrotic tissue with the EndoRotor. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. Endoscopists deemed the device to be easy to use and effective for safe and controlled removal of the necrosis.
Conclusions Initial experience with the EndoRotor suggests that this device can safely, rapidly, and effectively remove necrotic tissue in patients with (infected) walled-off pancreatic necrosis.
Outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with left ventricular assist devices: a tertiary care experience
Authors: Taylor Caren , Bittner Krystle , Bartell Nicholas , Aranez Jose , Alexis Jeffrey D , Carlson Beth , Chen Leway , McNitt Scott , Kothari Truptesh , Kaul Vivek , Kothari Shivangi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement is a therapeutic modality for patients with end-stage heart failure. Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication following LVAD implantation. The aim of this study was to report our experience in management and outcomes of gastrointestinal bleeding in a large cohort of patients with LVADs.
Patients and methods We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent LVAD implantation at the University of Rochester Medical Center from January 2008 to June 2017. Data were collected on patient characteristics, clinical aspects of gastrointestinal bleeding events, and procedural interventions. A Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to identify potential risk factors for a gastrointestinal bleeding event.
Results During the study period, 345 patients underwent LVAD implantation. Of these, 125 patients (36.2 %) experienced 297 gastrointestinal bleeding events resulting in 533 endoscopic procedures. The diagnostic yield of endoscopy in determining a bleeding source was 49.5 %. If required, therapeutic interventions were successful in achieving homeostasis in 96.2 % of procedures. Our 30-day overall post-procedure adverse event (AE) rate was 6.6 %. Procedure-related (bleeding, infection, and perforation) AEs were very minimal (2.8 %). A Cox proportional hazard model indicated that older age at implant, female sex, African-American race, diabetes mellitus, and pulmonary hypertension were statistically significant predictors of a gastrointestinal bleeding event following LVAD implantation.
Conclusions LVAD patients have a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy was able to safely locate a bleeding lesion in approximately half of our patients and was successful in treating bleeding lesions in a majority of the cases.
Impact of balloon inflation on the insertion of endoscopic ultrasound: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kang Jinwoo , Lee Sang Hyub , Lee Jae Woo , Jang Dong Kee , Choi Jin Ho , Choi Young Hoon , Paik Woo Hyun , Ahn Dong-Won , Jeong Ji Bong , Ryu Ji Kon , Kim Yong-Tae 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims During endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), patients may experience severe discomfort. The radial echoendoscope has a balloon around its tip. Balloon inflation prior to insertion may reduce contact injury and pharyngeal pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balloon inflation on pharyngeal pain during insertion.
Patients and methods Patients who underwent radial EUS for pancreatobiliary disease were randomized into standard insertion or balloon-inflated insertion. The primary outcome was the proportion of moderate-to-severe pharyngeal pain. Secondary outcomes were the degree of pharyngeal pain, risk factors for moderate pharyngeal pain, procedure-related adverse events, and pharyngeal pain depending on the experience of the endoscopist.
Results A total of 481 patients were randomized into two groups: standard insertion (238) and balloon inflation (243). No statistically significant differences in proportion of moderate-to-severe pain were found (26.5 % vs. 20.2 %, P = 0.107). Balloon inflation (HR 0.65; 95 % CI (0.42–0.98, P = 0.041) was a protective factor against moderate pain. Balloon inflation reduced the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe pain when performed by physicians with less than 3months of experience with EUS (44.7 % vs. 25.3 %, P = 0.012).
Conclusion Balloon inflation did not reduce the absolute degree of post-procedural pain with EUS, but it reduced the number of patients with moderate-to-severe pain when performed by physicians with less than 3 months of experience.