bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a cell‐chemistry specific life cycle assessment of lithium‐ion battery recycling processes
Authors: Mohr Marit , Peters Jens F. , Baumann Manuel , Weil Marcel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOn the basis of a review of existing life cycle assessment studies on lithium‐ion battery recycling, we parametrize process models of state‐of‐the‐art pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recycling, enabling their application to different cell chemistries, including beyond‐lithium batteries such as sodium‐ion batteries. These processes are used as benchmark for evaluating an advanced hydrometallurgical recycling process, which is modeled on the basis of primary data obtained from a recycling company, quantifying the potential reduction of environmental impacts that can be achieved by the recycling of different cell chemistries. Depending on the cell chemistry, recycling can reduce significantly the potential environmental impacts of battery production. The highest benefit is obtained via advanced hydrometallurgical treatment for lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide‐type batteries, mainly because of the recovery of cobalt and nickel. Especially under resource depletion aspects, recycling of these cells can reduce their impact to an extent that even leads to a lower “net impact” than that of cells made from majorly abundant and cheap materials like lithium iron phosphate, which shows a more favorable performance when recycling is disregarded. For these cells, recycling does not necessarily provide benefits but can rather cause additional environmental impacts. This indicates that maximum material recovery might not always be favorable under environmental aspects and that, especially for the final hydrometallurgical treatment, the process would need to be adapted to the specific cell chemistry, if one wants to obtain maximum environmental benefit.
Subnational greenhouse gas and land‐based biodiversity footprints in the European Union
Authors: Wilting Harry C. , Schipper Aafke M. , Ivanova Olga , Ivanova Diana , Huijbregts Mark A. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsights into subnational environmental impacts and the underlying drivers are scarce, especially from a consumption‐based perspective. Here, we quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land‐based biodiversity losses associated with final consumption in 162 regions in the European Union in 2010. For this purpose, we developed an environmentally extended multi‐regional input–output (MRIO) model with subnational European information on demand, production, and trade structures subdivided into 18 major economic sectors, while accounting for trade outside Europe. We employed subnational data on land use and national data on GHG emissions. Our results revealed within‐country differences in per capita GHG and land‐based biodiversity footprints up to factors of 3.0 and 3.5, respectively, indicating that national footprints may mask considerable subnational variability. The per capita GHG footprint increased with per capita income and income equality, whereas we did not find such responses for the per capita land‐based biodiversity footprint, reflecting that extra income is primarily spent on energy‐intensive activities. Yet, we found a shift from the domestic to the foreign part of the biodiversity footprints with rising population density and income. Because our analysis showed that most regions are already net importers of GHG emissions and biodiversity losses, we conclude that it is increasingly important to address the role of trade in national and regional policies on mitigating GHG emissions and averting further biodiversity losses, both within and outside the region itself. To further increase the policy relevance of subnational footprint analyses, we also recommend the compilation of more detailed subnational MRIO databases including harmonized environmental data.
Product‐harm science communication: The halo effect and its moderators
Authors: Untilov Olga , Ganassali Stéphane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScience communication on a product‐harm situation aims to create awareness on the product's potential impacts for consumers. However, consumers tend to overestimate the information provided, due to possible halo effects. Here we designed a contextual model of halo development including individual and message characteristics detected in the literature as potential moderators. Our experimental study, based on a sample of 3,766 European respondents, evaluates these halo moderators in the context of a product‐harm science communication. The results reveal a stronger halo effect on consumers' beliefs when the focal topic is considered as more important (health vs. ethics) and simultaneously when the source of information is more credible (official vs. non‐official). Highly involved consumers are also subject to greater halo effects. Suggested implications mainly focus on the need to consider potential amplifying halo effects and on the importance of responding to a product‐harm communication via a very accurate communication approach.
The Extraordinary Ordinary: Re‐engineering Multilingualism as a Natural Category
Authors: Berthele Raphael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article addresses different ways scholars conceptualize the multilingual repertoire. Formal and functional approaches investigate crosslinguistic influence across clearly demarcated languages, while dynamic systems theory and translanguaging approaches question countability and boundedness of languages. Problems with both perspectives are discussed, and a unified approach that relies on the idea of languages as natural categories is presented as a form of conceptual reengineering. It embraces the possibility and the meaningfulness of the identification of languages in the repertoire while also accounting for their continuous, graded nature and the lack of clear boundaries of language categories. The proposal accounts for seemingly inconsistent findings on the effects of bi‐ and multilingualism on cognition and on language learning. Multilingualism as a field of inquiry is the investigation of an ordinary phenomenon; what is special about multilingualism is that multilingual speakers may have an extraordinary amount of language and linguistic variability at their disposal.
Trigonal‐sparing versus trigonal‐involved Botox injection for treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: El‐Hefnawy Ahmed S. , Elbaset Mohamed A. , Taha Diaa‐Eldin , Wadie Bassem S. , Kenawy Mahmoud , Shokeir Ahmed A. , Badry Mohamed E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate safety and efficacy of trigone‐involved Botox injections in comparison with trigone‐sparing injections in refractory idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB).Materials and MethodsOne hundred and three patients randomly received a 100‐IU intradetrusal injection of Botox either sparing the trigone (52 patients) or involving the trigone (51 patients). Patients were prospectively evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months. Efficacy was evaluated by 3‐day voiding diaries, OAB symptom score (OABSS), and pressure flow study. Any complications were recorded. An ascending cystogram was done at 3 months for detection of vesicoureteral reflux. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was estimated on urine culture basis. Primary outcome was the difference of total OABSS at 3 months.ResultsThe mean age ± SD was 34.3 ± 10 years (range 18‐59 years). There was a reduction of episodes of all components of OAB in both groups in comparison with baseline by the end of the study but without significant difference between both groups. The trigonal‐sparing group had less score of frequency compared with the trigonal‐involved group throughout the study period (P < .05). There was no difference in OABSS at 3 months (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 1.6 ± 0.3, P .875). Two patients in the trigonal‐involved group out of 51 (3.9%) were in need of clean intermittent catheterization because of voiding difficulty and a postvoid residual > 200 mL. There was a higher rate of UTI in the trigonal‐involved group ranging from 5.6% up to 11.7% at each follow‐up visit. No patient had reflux.ConclusionTrigone injections are not superior to trigone‐sparing injections. On the contrary, the incidence of UTI and voiding difficulty were higher. The concept of reflux induced by trigonal injection has not been proven.
The Meteoritical Bulletin, no. 108
Authors: Gattacceca Jérôme , McCubbin Francis M. , Bouvier Audrey , Grossman Jeffrey N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeteoritical Bulletin 108 contains 2141 meteorites including 12 falls (Aguas Zarcas, Benenitra, Jalangi, Komaki, Ksar El Goraane, Mhabes el Hamra, Natun Balijan, Oued Sfayat, Shidian, Taqtaq‐e Rasoul, Tocache, Viñales), with 1640 ordinary chondrites, 149 carbonaceous chondrites, 134 HED achondrites, 45 lunar meteorites, 38 ureilites, 27 iron meteorites, 23 Martian meteorites, 22 primitive achondrites, 19 Rumuruti chondrites, 15 mesosiderites, 10 enstatite chondrites, 7 ungrouped achondrites, 4 pallasites, 4 ungrouped chondrites, and 4 angrites. Nine hundred and nine meteorites are from Africa, 747 from Antarctica, 279 from South America, 148 from Asia, 29 from North America, 18 from Oceania, 6 from Europe (including 2 from Russia), and 5 from unknown locations.
The need to freeze—Dehydration during specimen preparation for electron microscopy collapses the endothelial glycocalyx regardless of fixation method
Authors: Hempel Casper , Kapishnikov Sergey , Perez‐Berna Ana Joaquina , Werner Stephan , Guttmann Peter , Pereiro Eva , Qvortrup Klaus , Andresen Thomas Lars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe endothelial glycocalyx covers the luminal surface of the endothelium and plays key roles in vascular function. Despite its biological importance, ideal visualization techniques are lacking. The current study aimed to improve the preservation and subsequent imaging quality of the endothelial glycocalyx.MethodsIn mice, the endothelial glycocalyx was contrasted with a mixture of lanthanum and dysprosium (LaDy). Standard chemical fixation was compared with high‐pressure frozen specimens processed with freeze substitution. Also, isolated brain microvessels and cultured endothelial cells were high‐pressure frozen and by transmission soft x‐rays, imaged under cryogenic conditions.ResultsThe endothelial glycocalyx was in some tissues significantly more voluminous from chemically fixed specimens compared with high‐pressure frozen specimens. LaDy labeling introduced excessive absorption contrast, which impeded glycocalyx measurements in isolated brain microvessels when using transmission soft x‐rays. In non‐contrasted vessels, the glycocalyx was not resolved. LaDy‐contrasted, cultured brain endothelial cells allowed to assess glycocalyx volume in vitro.ConclusionsBoth chemical and cryogenic fixation followed by dehydration lead to substantial collapse of the glycocalyx. Cryogenic fixation without freeze substitution could be a way forward although transmission soft x‐ray tomography based solely on amplitude contrast seems unsuitable.
Intravenous therapy for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bongomin Felix , Asio Lucy Grace , Olum Ronald , Denning David W. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryChronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a potentially life‐threatening debilitating lung disease necessitating long‐term oral antifungal treatment. However, development of antifungal‐resistant isolates of Aspergillus and major toxicities requiring discontinuation of treatment limits their use. Intravenous (IV) antifungals are an option in this group of patients. We comprehensively evaluate the response rates to IV antifungals in the management of CPA. We searched Medline and Embase databases to select clinical studies providing information about IV amphotericin B or an echinocandin for the treatment of CPA from inception to May 2020. Reviews, single‐case reports and case series reporting <10 patients were excluded. We evaluated 12 eligible studies. A total of 380 patients received amphotericin B (n = 143) or an echinocandin (n = 237) and were included in the meta‐analysis. In a pooled analysis, overall response to IV antifungals was 61% ((95% confidence interval (CI): 52%‐70%; I2 = 73.3%; P < .001), to amphotericin B was 58% (95% CI: 36%‐80%; I2 = 86.6%; P < .001) and to echinocandins was 62% (95% CI: 53%‐72%; I2 = 63.6%; P < .001). Amphotericin B courses were usually doses at slightly <1 mg/Kg (deoxycholate) or 3 mg/Kg (liposomal) for 2‐3 weeks. Micafungin doses varied from 12.5 to 300 mg (frequently, 150 mg) daily for at least 3 weeks, and sometimes much longer. Liposomal amphotericin B was well tolerated, but led to renal function loss in 25% of patients. Adverse events were observed in 5‐35.3% of patients receiving echinocandins, none of which was considered major. Intravenous antifungals have a place in the management of CPA. A head‐to‐head comparison of amphotericin B and echinocandins is lacking, and future studies should look at evaluating short‐ and longer‐term outcomes of these agents.
Evidence‐based medicine—When observational studies are better than randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bosdriesz Jizzo R. , Stel Vianda S. , van Diepen Merel , Meuleman Yvette , Dekker Friedo W. , Zoccali Carmine , Jager Kitty J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn evidence‐based medicine, clinical research questions may be addressed by different study designs. This article describes when randomized controlled trials (RCT) are needed and when observational studies are more suitable. According to the Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine, study designs can be divided into analytic and non‐analytic (descriptive) study designs. Analytic studies aim to quantify the association of an intervention (eg, treatment) or a naturally occurring exposure with an outcome. They can be subdivided into experimental (ie, RCT) and observational studies. The RCT is the best study design to evaluate the intended effect of an intervention, because the randomization procedure breaks the link between the allocation of the intervention and patient prognosis. If the randomization of the intervention or exposure is not possible, one needs to depend on observational analytic studies, but these studies usually suffer from bias and confounding. If the study focuses on unintended effects of interventions (ie, effects of an intervention that are not intended or foreseen), observational analytic studies are the most suitable study designs, provided that there is no link between the allocation of the intervention and the unintended effect. Furthermore, non‐analytic studies (ie, descriptive studies) also rely on observational study designs. In summary, RCTs and observational study designs are inherently different, and depending on the study aim, they each have their own strengths and weaknesses.
The root‐knot nematode effector MiPDI1 targets a stress‐associated protein (SAP) to establish disease in Solanaceae and Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Jianlong , Mejias Joffrey , Quentin Michaël , Chen Yongpan , de Almeida‐Engler Janice , Mao Zhenchuan , Sun Qinghua , Liu Qian , Xie Bingyan , Abad Pierre , Favery Bruno , Jian Heng 
Published: June 2020

Summary

Large amounts of effectors are secreted by the oesophageal glands of plant‐parasitic nematodes, but their molecular mode of action remains largely unknown. We characterized a Meloidogyne incognita protein disulphide isomerase (PDI)‐like effector protein (MiPDI1) that facilitates nematode parasitism.

In situ hybridization showed that MiPDI1 was expressed specifically in the subventral glands of M. incognita. It was significantly upregulated during parasitic stages. Immunolocalization demonstrated MiPDI1 secretion in planta during nematode migration and within the feeding cells. Host‐induced silencing of the MiPDI1 gene affected the ability of the nematode to infect the host, whereas MiPDI1 expression in Arabidopsis increased susceptibility to M. incognita, providing evidence for a key role of MiPDI1 in M. incognita parasitism.

Yeast two‐hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that MiPDI1 interacted with a tomato stress‐associated protein (SlSAP12) orthologous to the redox‐regulated AtSAP12, which plays an important role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. SAP12 silencing or knocking out in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis increased susceptibility to M. incognita.

Our results suggest that MiPDI1 acts as a pathogenicity factor promoting disease by fine‐tuning SAP‐mediated responses at the interface of redox signalling, defence and stress acclimation in Solanaceae and Arabidopsis.
Body mass index, waist circumference and body fat are positively correlated with hair cortisol in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ling Jiying , Kao Tsui‐Sui Annie , Robbins Lorraine B. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe current body of research lacks a meta‐analysis of the relationship between hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and anthropometry in children. Therefore, this systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to examine this relationship and explore possible moderators between HCC and body mass index (BMI/BMI z‐score). Eleven databases were searched: CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PsycEXTRA, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Social Sciences Full Text, Sociological Abstracts and Web of Sciences. Random‐effects models and exploratory moderator analyses with mixed‐effects models were performed using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software. The meta‐analysis showed small positive correlations between HCC and BMI (r = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.14, n = 18, p = .009), BMI z‐score (r = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.16, n = 12, p = .003), waist circumference (r = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.17, n = 10, p = .001) and body fat including fat mass index (r = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11, n = 3, p = .005). The relationship between HCC and BMI/BMI z‐score was significantly moderated by children's sex. Results from this meta‐analysis provide initial objective support for a small positive relationship between HCC and anthropometric factors.
Epigenetic regulation of white adipose tissue in the onset of obesity and metabolic diseases
Authors: Castellano‐Castillo Daniel , Ramos‐Molina Bruno , Cardona Fernando , Queipo‐Ortuño María Isabel 
Published: June 2020

SummaryObesity and metabolic syndrome are among the most prevalent health problems in developed countries. The impairment of adipose tissue (AT) function is partially responsible for the aetiology of these conditions. Epigenetics refers to several processes that add modifications to either the DNA or chromatin architectural proteins (histones). These processes can regulate gene expression, chromatin compaction and DNA repair. Epigenetics includes mechanisms by which the cell can adapt the cellular response to the environmental conditions. Here, we review the role of epigenetics in the onset of obesity and related metabolic disorders, with special focus on AT. We highlight the importance of nutrients and lifestyle in the regulation of the epigenetic mechanisms and how they can impact on AT plasticity and function in obesity and metabolic diseases. Thus, the epigenetic landscape emerges as a fine‐tune regulator of the cellular responses according to the energetic, metabolic and physiological conditions of the cell. Alterations in metabolic pathways deregulated during obesity and metabolic syndrome could in part explain the disturbances in the epigenetic marks of the AT in these disorders. The understanding of how this epigenetic deregulation may affect AT biology and function could lead to new therapeutic approaches based on epigenetic strategies.
Secretory structures in plants: Lessons from the Plumbaginaceae on their origin, evolution and roles in stress tolerance
Authors: Caperta Ana D. , Róis Ana S. , Teixeira Generosa , Garcia‐Caparros Pedro , Flowers Timothy J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Plumbaginaceae (non‐core Caryophyllales) is a family well known for species adapted to a wide range of arid and saline habitats. Of its salt‐tolerant species, at least 45 are in the genus Limonium; two in each of Aegialitis, Limoniastrum and Myriolimon, and one each in Psylliostachys, Armeria, Ceratostigma, Goniolimon and Plumbago. All the halophytic members of the family have salt glands and salt glands are also common in the closely related Tamaricaceae and Frankeniaceae. The halophytic species of the three families can secrete a range of ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42‐) and other elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). Salt glands are, however, absent in salt‐tolerant members of the sister family Polygonaceae. We describe the structure of the salt glands in the three families and consider whether glands might have arisen as a means to avoid the toxicity of Na+ and/or Cl− or to regulate Ca2+ concentrations with the leaves. We conclude that the establishment of lineages with salt glands took place after the split between the Polygonaceae and its sister group the Plumbaginaceae.
Can reporting enhance transboundary water cooperation? Early insights from the Water Convention and the Sustainable Development Goals reporting exercise
Authors: Rieu‐Clarke Alistair 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA notable milestone in transboundary water cooperation has been the incorporation of reporting both under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework and the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. Much can be gained from reviewing the initial reporting exercise, which took place in 2017 and 2018. The first reporting exercise has demonstrated that, while progress has been made in the last decades, the need to strengthen cooperation over transboundary rivers, lakes and aquifers is clearly evident. Additionally, the experience of the first reporting exercise suggests that, although some adjustments might be made, reporting can play a valuable role in advancing transboundary water cooperation in the years to come.
Business operations, contestability, bureaucratic holdup, and bribe solicitations
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Mazhar Ummad , Saunoris James W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdding to the literature on factors driving corruption and bribery, this paper examines the effect of contestability in business operations on bribe solicitations. Contestability undermines the bureaucratic rent‐seeking potential, whereas bureaucratic holdup increases it. This paper tries to capture these influences empirically using cross‐country survey data. The results show that the relatively greater contestability of business startup procedures compared to startup regulatory times led to fewer bribe demands; however, property registration regulations with lower relative contestability led to more bribe demands, especially for import licenses. We find relatively greater support for bureaucratic holdup (i.e., time taken by bureaucratic clearances) in startup procedures than with import licenses. Finally, older and larger firms received lower bribe demands, ceteris paribus.