bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Services in the UK
Authors: Zhong Jim , Datta Anubhav , Gordon Thomas , Adams Sophie , Guo Tianyu , Abdelaziz Mazin , Barbour Fraser , Palkhi Ebrahim , Adusumilli Pratik , Oomerjee Mohammed , Lake Edward , Walker Paul 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedented challenges on the healthcare system. The aim of this multi-centre study was to measure the impact of COVID-19 on IR services in the UK.

Material and Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study of IR practice in six UK centres during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out. All therapeutic IR procedures were identified using the respective hospital radiology information systems and COVID-19 status found on the hospital patient record systems. The total number of therapeutic IR procedures was recorded over two time periods, 25/03/2019–21/04/2019 (control group) and 30/03/2020–26/04/2020 (COVID-19 group). The data points collected were: procedure type, aerosol-generating nature, acute or elective case, modality used, in- or out-of-hours case and whether the procedure was done at the bedside (portable).

Results
A 31% decrease in overall number of IR procedures was observed during COVID-19 compared to the control group (1363 cases vs 942 cases); however, the acute work decreased by only 0.5%. An increase in out-of-hours work by 10% was observed. COVID-19 was suspected or laboratory proved in 9.9% of cases (n = 93), and 15% of total cases (n = 141) were classed as aerosol-generating procedures. A 66% rise in cholecystostomy was noted during COVID-19. Image-guided ablation, IVC filters, aortic stent grafting and visceral vascular stenting had the greatest % decreases in practice during COVID-19, with 91.7%, 83.3%, 80.8% and 80.2% decreases, respectively.

Conclusion
During the global pandemic, IR has continued to provide emergency and elective treatment highlighting the adaptability of IR in supporting other specialties.
Growth and characterization of InP-based 1750 nm emitting membrane external-cavity surface-emitting laser
Authors: Broda Artur , Jeżewski Bartosz , Sankowska Iwona , Szymański Michał , Hoser Paweł , Muszalski Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe epitaxial growth and emission properties of a membrane external-cavity surface-emitting laser (MECSEL) are demonstrated in the 1750 nm band. A heterostructure consisting of InGaAs quantum wells enclosed by InGaAlAs barriers was deposited on InP by molecular beam epitaxy. The emitted power exceeded 1.5 W, which is the highest that has been reported in this spectral range to date.
Choice resolutions
Authors: Cantone Domenico , Giarlotta Alfio , Watson Stephen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe describe a process to compose and decompose choice behavior, called resolution. In the forward direction, resolutions amalgamate simple choices to create a complex one. In the backward direction, resolutions detect when and how a primitive choice can be deconstructed into smaller choices. A choice is resolvable if it is the resolution of smaller choices. Rationalizability, rationalizability by a preorder, and path independence are all preserved (backward and forward) by resolutions, whereas rationalizability by a weak order (equivalently, ) is not. We characterize resolvable choices, and show that resolvability generalizes .
Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: characteristics and outcomes in the Cardio-COVID Italy multicenter study
Authors: Ameri Pietro , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Di Pasquale Mattia , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Bellasi Antonio , Camporotondo Rita , Canale Claudia , Carubelli Valentina , Carugo Stefano , Catagnano Francesco , Danzi Giambattista , Dalla Vecchia Laura , Giovinazzo Stefano , Gnecchi Massimiliano , Guazzi Marco , Iorio Anita , La Rovere Maria Teresa , Leonardi Sergio , Maccagni Gloria , Mapelli Massimo , Margonato Davide , Merlo Marco , Monzo Luca , Mortara Andrea , Nuzzi Vincenzo , Piepoli Massimo , Porto Italo , Pozzi Andrea , Provenzale Giovanni , Sarullo Filippo , Sinagra Gianfranco , Tedino Chiara , Tomasoni Daniela , Volterrani Maurizio , Zaccone Gregorio , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Senni Michele , Metra Marco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) critically ill patients, but the evidence from more heterogeneous cohorts is limited.

Methods
Data were retrospectively obtained from consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to 13 Cardiology Units in Italy, from March 1st to April 9th, 2020, and followed until in-hospital death, discharge, or April 23rd, 2020. The association of baseline variables with computed tomography-confirmed PE was investigated by Cox hazards regression analysis. The relationship between d-dimer levels and PE incidence was evaluated using restricted cubic splines models.

Results
The study included 689 patients (67.3 ± 13.2 year-old, 69.4% males), of whom 43.6% were non-invasively ventilated and 15.8% invasively. 52 (7.5%) had PE over 15 (9–24) days of follow-up. Compared with those without PE, these subjects had younger age, higher BMI, less often heart failure and chronic kidney disease, more severe cardio-pulmonary involvement, and higher admission d-dimer [4344 (1099–15,118) vs. 818.5 (417–1460) ng/mL, p < 0.001]. They also received more frequently darunavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab and ventilation support. Furthermore, they faced more bleeding episodes requiring transfusion (15.6% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.001) and non-significantly higher in-hospital mortality (34.6% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.06). In multivariate regression, only d-dimer was associated with PE (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.13–2.62; p = 0.01). The relation between d-dimer concentrations and PE incidence was linear, without inflection point. Only two subjects had a baseline d-dimer < 500 ng/mL.

Conclusions
PE occurs in a sizable proportion of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The implications of bleeding events and the role of d-dimer in this population need to be clarified.

Graphic abstract
Description and application of a method to quantify criterion-related cut-off values for questionnaire-based psychosocial risk assessment
Authors: Diebig Mathias , Angerer Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The psychosocial risk assessment is a systematic intervention process for organizations that aims at improving psychosocial working conditions as well as employee health. Based on a screening of working conditions, interventions to reduce risk factors are implemented and evaluated. What is missing for most screening instruments however are cut-off values to categorize working conditions into uncritical vs. critical, whereas the latter indicates an elevated risk for illness. To estimate and evaluate cut-off values, two studies were conducted using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Methods
In Study 1, a sample of 229 participants answered an online survey on depression (PHQ) and psychosocial working conditions using a questionnaire (DYNAMIK) that covers five factors important to workers' health: workload, boundary permeability, participation, leader support, and usability. Using the ROC analysis, criterion-related cut-off values were generated to predict depressive symptoms. In Study 2, these cut-off values were used to classify working conditions in the two categories of ‘critical’ and ‘uncritical’ in an independent sample (N = 295). It was tested for differences in the results of the two groups concerning the direct criterion of depressive symptoms and the indirect criterion of effort-reward imbalance.

Results
In Study 1, cut-off values differed between the five scales and showed different values for sensitivity and specificity. In Study 2, participants exposed to critical working conditions reported more depressive symptoms as well as an effort-reward imbalance.

Conclusions
Cut-off values are useful to identify working conditions as either critical or uncritical. This knowledge is important when deciding which working conditions should be optimized within the context of psychosocial risk assessment.
Among-individual differences in foraging modulate resource exploitation under perceived predation risk
Authors: Eccard Jana A. , Liesenjohann Thilo , Dammhahn Melanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractForaging is risky and involves balancing the benefits of resource acquisition with costs of predation. Optimal foraging theory predicts where, when and how long to forage in a given spatiotemporal distribution of risks and resources. However, significant variation in foraging behaviour and resource exploitation remain unexplained. Using single foragers in artificial landscapes of perceived risks and resources with diminishing returns, we aimed to test whether foraging behaviour and resource exploitation are adjusted to risk level, vary with risk during different components of foraging, and (co)vary among individuals. We quantified foraging behaviour and resource exploitation for 21 common voles (Microtus arvalis). By manipulating ground cover, we created simple landscapes of two food patches varying in perceived risk during feeding in a patch and/or while travelling between patches. Foraging of individuals was variable and adjusted to risk level and type. High risk during feeding reduced feeding duration and food consumption more strongly than risk while travelling. Risk during travelling modified the risk effects of feeding for changes between patches and resulting evenness of resource exploitation. Across risk conditions individuals differed consistently in when and how long they exploited resources and exposed themselves to risk. These among-individual differences in foraging behaviour were associated with consistent patterns of resource exploitation. Thus, different strategies in foraging-under-risk ultimately lead to unequal payoffs and might affect lower trophic levels in food webs. Inter-individual differences in foraging behaviour, i.e. foraging personalities, are an integral part of foraging behaviour and need to be fully integrated into optimal foraging theory.
Parasite infestation influences life history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish
Authors: Hagmayer Andres , Furness Andrew I. , Pollux Bart J. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParasites can negatively affect the reproductive success of hosts. Placental species may be particularly susceptible, because parasite-induced stress during pregnancy could potentially influence embryo development. Here, we examine the consequences of a trematode infestation (black spot disease, BSD) for fetal development and adult behavior in 19 natural populations of the placental live-bearing fish species Poeciliopsis retropinna (Poeciliidae) in Costa Rica. First, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among populations which correlated with a number of local environmental conditions (elevation, river width, depth, and flow velocity). Furthermore, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among females within populations associated with maternal age and size. We found that the infestation rate significantly influenced embryonic development, with more heavily parasitized females producing smaller and worse-conditioned offspring at birth, possibly, because a costly immune response during pregnancy limits, either directly or indirectly, nourishment to developing embryos. Finally, a behavioral experiment in the field showed that the infestation rate did not affect an individual’s boldness. Our study indicates that in placental live-bearing fish parasite infestation leads to reduced embryo provisioning during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller offspring size and quality at birth potentially with negative implications for offspring fitness.
Coccygectomy for coccygodynia: a cohort study with a long-term follow-up of up to 29 years
Authors: Hochgatterer R. , Gahleitner M. , Allerstorfer J. , Maier J. , Luger M. , Großbötzl G. , Gotterbarm T. , Pisecky L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We aim to critically review the effectiveness and safety of coccygectomy with special regard to long-term outcomes.

Methods
Coccygectomy was performed in our clinic in 38 patients between 1990 and 2019. All these patients (32 females vs. 6 males) have failed to respond to conservative treatment for at least 6 months prior to surgery. All patients were available for follow-up after mean 12,3 years (2 months to 29 years, 11 patients had a minimum FUP of 24 years). We evaluated all patients clinically and radiologically.

Results
Nineteen patients reported traumatic and 17 patients reported idiopathic onset of their symptoms; one patient had clinical symptoms after childbirth and another patient had coccygodynia after extensive low back surgery. 36 of our 38 patients were free of pain at least 6 months after surgery and had good or excellent clinical results according to the VAS which improved from 6.37 (SD 1.08) preoperatively to 0.68 (SD 0.99) at the recent follow-up. Two patients showed an ODI > 22 at the recent follow-up (24 and 28) and 32 had an ODI equal or under 4. There was no statistical significant difference in terms of clinical outcome between the different radiological types of the coccyx. Postoperative complications were rare: 1 superficial infection and one re-operation 6 months after initial surgery due to an pre-existing exostosis which had not been removed at the index surgery; no neurological complications and no major bleeding occurred. No patient had recurrent onset of coccygodynia. 37 out of 38 patients would have coccygectomy again.

Conclusions
Coccygectomy is a safe treatment option in patients with coccygodynia and shows excellent long-term results. We recommend to perform coccygectomy if patients fail to respond to conservative treatment for 6 months.

Level of evidence
IV
Diagnosing type 2 diabetes using Hemoglobin A1c: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic cutpoint based on microvascular complications
Authors: Butler Alexandra E. , English Emma , Kilpatrick Eric S. , Östlundh Linda , Chemaitelly Hiam S. , Abu-Raddad Laith J. , Alberti K. George M. M. , Atkin Stephen L. , John W. Garry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Aims
Diabetic microvascular complications of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy may occur at hemoglobin A1c levels (HbA1c) below the 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) diagnostic threshold. Our objective was to assess the validity of the HbA1c diagnostic cutpoint of 6.5% based upon published evidence of the prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy as markers of diabetes.

Methods
Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus and CINAHL from 1990-March 2019, grey literature sources. Study Selection All studies reported after 1990 (to ensure standardized HbA1c values) where HbA1c levels were presented in relation to prevalence of retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy in subjects not known to have diabetes. Data Extraction Studies were screened independently, data abstracted, and risk of bias appraised. Data Synthesis Data were synthesized using HbA1c categories of < 6.0% (< 42 mmol/mol), 6.0–6.4% (42–47 mmol/mol) and ≥ 6.5% (≥ 48 mmol/mol). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy prevalence stratified by HbA1c categories. Random-effects multivariable meta-regression was conducted to identify predictors of retinopathy prevalence and sources of between-study heterogeneity.

Results
Pooled mean prevalence was: 4.0%(95% CI: 3.2–5.0%) for retinopathy, 10.5% (95% CI: 4.0–19.5%) for nephropathy, 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1–4.3%) for neuropathy. Mean prevalence when stratified for HbA1c < 6.0%, 6.0–6.4% and ≥ 6.5% was: retinopathy: 3.4% (95% CI: 1.8–5.4%), 2.3% (95% CI: 1.6–3.2%) and 7.8%(95% CI: 5.7–10.3%); nephropathy: 7.1% (95% CI: 1.7–15.9%), 9.6% (95% CI: 0.8–26.4%) and 17.1% (95% CI: 1.0–46.9%); neuropathy: 2.1% (95% CI: 0.0–6.8%), 3.4% (95% CI: 0.0–11.6%) and 2.8% (95% CI: 0.0–12.8%). Multivariable meta-regression showed HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (OR: 4.05; 95% CI: 1.92–8.57%), age > 55 (OR: 3.23; 95% CI 1.81–5.77), and African-American race (OR: 10.73; 95% CI: 4.34–26.55), to be associated with higher retinopathy prevalence. Marked heterogeneity in prevalence estimates was found across all meta-analyses (Cochran’s Q-statistic p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The prevalence of nephropathy and moderate retinopathy was increased in subjects with HbA1c values ≥ 6.5% confirming the high specificity of this value for diagnosing T2DM; however, at HbA1c < 6.5% retinopathy increased at age > 55 years and, most strikingly, in African-Americans, suggesting there may be excess microvascular complication prevalence (particularly nephropathy) in individuals below the diabetes diagnostic threshold.
Anisotropic Wellbore Stability Analysis: Impact on Failure Prediction
Authors: Asaka Michinori , Holt Rune Martin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShale formations are the main source of borehole stability problems during drilling operations. Suboptimal predictions of borehole failure may partly be caused by neglecting the anisotropic nature of shales: Conventional wellbore stability analysis is based on borehole stresses computed from isotropic linear elasticity (Kirsch solution) with the assumption of no induced pore pressure. This is very convenient for a practical implementation but does not always work for shales. Here, anisotropic wellbore stability analysis was performed targeting an offshore gas field to investigate in particular the impact of elastic anisotropy on borehole failure predictions. Stress concentration around a circular borehole in anisotropic shale was calculated by the Amadei solutions, and induced pore pressure was obtained from the Skempton parameters based on anisotropic poroelasticity. Borehole failure regions and modes were then predicted using the effective stresses and those are apparently consistent with observations. A comparison with the conventional approach suggests the importance of accounting for elastic anisotropy: Predicted failure regions, modes, and also the associated mud weight limits can be completely different. This observation may have significant implications for other fields since shale often show strong elastic anisotropy.
Effect of tolvaptan on renal involvement in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease according to different gene mutations
Authors: Moriyama Tomofumi , Nakayama Yosuke , Soejima Mikiko , Yokota Yunosuke , Ota Kanji , Ito Sakuya , Kodama Goh , Nakamura Nao , Kurokawa Yuka , Yano Junko , Ueda Utako , Takamiya Yoshimi , Kaida Yusuke , Hazama Takuma , Shibata Ryo , Koda Yoshiro , Fukami Kei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder caused by mutations in the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) gene. Although tolvaptan has benefits for renal involvement, the different effects depending on the gene mutation type are unknown. Thus, we explore the different effects of tolvaptan on the annual changes in total kidney volume (%TKV) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the gene mutation type in ADPKD patients.MethodsIn total, 135 ADPKD patients were screened, and 22 patients taking tolvaptan for at least a year were retrospectively studied at the Kurume University Hospital. We examined the decline in renal function and %TKV by computed tomography and analyzed the gene mutation. Patients were classified into the following four groups according to gene mutation type:PKD1-truncated,PKD1-non-truncated,PKD2, and mutation not found. Patients were treated with tolvaptan, and the effects of tolvaptan were analyzed according to the gene mutation type.ResultsPatients (age: 52.3 ± 11.2 years) were administered tolvaptan at a dose of 45 or 60 mg. No variation was observed in the annual changes in eGFR (%eGFR) (before: − 10.5% ± 13.9%, after: − 14.4% ± 8.1%,P = 0.139), whereas %TKV was significantly improved after the tolvaptan treatment (before: 14.9% ± 8.0%, after: − 5.4% ± 7.6%,P < 0.001). Unlike %eGFR, tolvaptan treatment significantly improved %TKV, regardless of the type of gene mutation.ConclusionsA year treatment with tolvaptan significantly improved %TKV in patients with ADPKD, regardless of the gene mutation type.
Modeling the mechanobioelectricity of cell clusters
Authors: Leronni Alessandro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe propose a continuum finite strain theory for the interplay between the bioelectricity and the poromechanics of a cell cluster. Specifically, we refer to a cluster of closely packed cells, whose mechanics is governed by a polymer network of cytoskeletal filaments joined by anchoring junctions, modeled through compressible hyperelasticity. The cluster is saturated with a solution of water and ions. We account for water and ion transport in the intercellular spaces, between cells through gap junctions, and across cell membranes through aquaporins and ion channels. Water fluxes result from the contributions due to osmosis, electro-osmosis, and water pressure, while ion fluxes encompass electro-diffusive and convective terms. We consider both the cases of permeable and impermeable cluster boundary, the latter simulating the presence of sealing tight junctions. We solve the coupled governing equations for a one-dimensional axisymmetric benchmark through finite elements, thus determining the spatiotemporal evolution of the intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations, setting the membrane potential, and water concentrations, establishing the cluster deformation. When suitably complemented with genetic, biochemical, and growth dynamics, we expect this model to become a useful instrument for investigating specific aspects of developmental mechanobioelectricity.
Influence of cereal harvest on adrenocortical activity in European hares (Lepus europaeus)
Authors: Cybulska Nicolas , Hackländer Klaus , Palme Rupert , Frey-Roos Alfred , Schai-Braun Stéphanie C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic disturbances, such as habitat modifications and machines, are associated with increased levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCMs) in mammals, an indicator of a stress response. One human-caused process provoking incisive habitat alterations is harvesting arable crops. We investigated the effect of cereal harvest on fGCM concentrations in European hares (Lepus europaeus) in arable landscapes in lower Austria during the year 2018 by collecting 591 faecal samples before, during and after cereal harvest. fGCMs were analysed using an enzyme immunoassay, and data were analysed using linear mixed-effects models. We found that neither cereal harvest nor farming practice (organic vs. conventional) caused an overall increase in the hares’ stress level. Lower vegetation density and higher proportions of bare ground were negatively correlated with fGCM concentrations, whereas the proportion of stubble fields was significantly positively correlated with fGCM concentrations in European hares. A change to more open landscapes might decrease time spent avoiding predation, and fallen grains may provide a beneficial additional food source for the hares. This indicates that European hares are well adapted to an opening up of the landscape and short-term disturbances such as cereal harvesting. In conclusion, cereal harvest had no large impact on European hares’ adrenocortical activity in an arable landscape with small average field size and enough available non-farmed areas.