bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of desalted Salicornia europaea L. ethanol extract (PM-EE) on the subjects complaining memory dysfunction without dementia: a 12 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lee Woo-Jin , Shin Yong-Won , Kim Da-Eun , Kweon Mee-Hyang , Kim Manho 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDesalted Salicornia europaea L. (SE) inhibits acetylcholine esterase, attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines, and activates neurotrophic pathway. We performed 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of PhytoMeal(a desalted SE)-ethanol extract (PM-EE), in improving the cognitive performance in patients with subjective memory impairment. 63 participants complaining memory dysfunction without dementia (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination [K-MMSE] score ≥ 23) were assigned to PM-EE 600 mg/day or placebo. The cognitive domain of the Alzheimer's disease assessment scale-Korean version (ADAS-K) was set as the primary outcome. After 12 weeks, there was no differences in the changes in the primary outcome or the frequency of adverse events between the groups. In the subgroup analysis for the 30 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, baseline K-MMSE scores ≤ 28), PM-EE significantly improved the color-reading score of the Korean color-word stroop test (8.2 ± 25.0 vs. − 4.7 ± 13.2, P = 0.018). Our findings suggest that PM-EE is safe but might not be effective in this setting of this study. However, PM-EE may improve the frontal executive function in the patients with MCI. Further large-sized studies with longer follow-up period is warranted (trial registration number KCT0003418).
Integration of custom DAQ Electronics in a SCADA Framework
Authors: Granado Cardoso Luís , Gaspar Clara , Viana Barbosa João , Alessio Federico , Jost Beat , Neufeld Niko , Frank Markus , Schwemmer Rainer , Durante Paolo 
Published: November 2020

LHCb is one of the 4 experiments at the LHC accelerator at CERN. During the upgrade phase of the experiment, several new electronic boards and Front End chips that perform the data acquisition for the experiment will be added by the different sub-detectors.
These new devices will be controlled and monitored via a system composed of GigaBit Transceiver (GBT) chips that manage the bi-directional slow control traffic to the Slow Control Adapter(s) (SCA) chips. The SCA chips provide multiple field buses to interface the new electronics devices (I2C, GPIO, etc). These devices will need to be integrated in the Experiment Control System (ECS) that drives LHCb.
A set of tools was developed that provide an easy integration of the control and monitoring of the devices in the ECS. A server (GbtServ) provides the low level communication layer with the devices via the several user buses in the GBT-SCA chip and exposes an interface for control to the experiment SCADA (WinCC OA), the fwGbt component provides the interface between the SCADA and the GbtServ and the fwHw component, a tool that allows the abstraction of the devices models into the ECS. Using the graphical User Interfaces or XML files describing the structure and registers of the devices it creates the necessary model of the hardware as a data structure in the SCADA. It allows then the control and monitoring of the defined registers using their name, without the need to know the details of the hardware behind. The fwHw tool also provides the facility of defining and applying recipes named sets of configurations which can be used to easily configure the hardware according to specific needs.
New Developments in the VMC Project
Authors: Hřivnáčová Ivana , Volkel Benedikt 
Published: November 2020

Virtual Monte Carlo (VMC) provides a unified interface to different detector simulation transport engines such as GEANT3 and GEANT4. Since recently all the VMC packages (the VMC core library, also included in ROOT, and the GEANT3 and GEANT4 VMC) are distributed via the VMC Project GitHub organization. In addition to these VMC related packages, the VMC project also includes the Virtual Geometry Model (VGM), which is optionally used in GEANT4 VMC for conversion between GEANT4 and ROOT TGeo geometry models.In this contribution we will present the new organization of the VMC project at GitHub and new developments in the VMC interfaces and the VMC packages. We will cover the introduction of the sensitive detector interface in the VMC core and both GEANT3 and GEANT4 VMC and the new GEANT4-related developments.GEANT4 VMC 3.0 with the integration of multithreading processing was presented at CHEP in 2015. In this presentation we will report on new features included since this version: the improved support for magnetic fields, the integration of fast simulation, Garfield physics, GEANT4 transition radiation and monopole physics. Five new VMC examples demonstrating these new features, and serving also for tests, will be also discussed. Finally we will mention the work towards the code quality and improvements in testing, documentation and automated code formatting.
The Virtual Geometry Model
Authors: Hřivnáčová Ivana 
Published: November 2020

The Virtual Geometry Model (VGM) is a geometry conversion tool, providing conversion between Geant4 and ROOT TGeo geometry models. Its design allows inclusion of another geometry model by implementing a single sub-module instead of writing bilateral converters for all already supported models.
In this presentation we will give an update on the tool architecture, implementation and supported features, the user examples, testing and documentation. We will discuss the opportunities for using the tool for verification of the user geometries. Finally, we will also present the tool build system, distribution and releases policy.
A VecGeom navigator plugin for Geant4
Authors: Wenzel Sandro , Apostolakis John , Cosmo Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

VecGeom is a geometry modeller library with hit-detection features as needed by particle detector simulation at the LHC and beyond. It was incubated by a Geant-R&D initiative and the motivation to combine the code of Geant4 and ROOT/TGeo into a single, better maintainable piece of software within the EU-AIDA program.
So far, VecGeom is mainly used by LHC experiments as a geometry primitive library called from Geant4, where it was shown to provide 7–12% reduction in CPU time due to its faster algorithms for complex primitives [1].
In this contribution, we discuss how VecGeom can be used as the navigating library in Geant4 in order to benefit from both its fast geometry primitives as well as its vectorised navigation module. We investigate whether this integration provides the speed improvements expected, in addition to the gain obtained from geometry primitives. We discuss and benchmark the application of a VecGeomnavigator plugin to Geant4 for a simplified geometry and show paths towards production usage.
C++ Modules in ROOT and Beyond
Authors: Vassilev Vassil , Lange David , Muzaffar Malik Shahzad , Rodozov Mircho , Shadura Oksana , Penev Alexander 
Published: November 2020

C++ Modules, one of the new features of C++20, aim to fix the long-standing build scalability problems in the language. They provide an IOefficient, on-disk representation capable to reduce build times and peak memory usage. ROOT already employs the C++ modules technology in its dictionary system to improve performance and reduce the memory footprint.
ROOT with C++ Modules was released as a technology preview in fall 2018, after intensive development during the previous few years. The current state is ready for production, however, there is still room for performance optimizations. In this talk, we show the road map for making this technology enabled by default in ROOT. We demonstrate a global module indexing optimization which allows reducing the memory footprint dramatically for many workflows. We will report user feedback on the migration to ROOT with C++ Modules.
A Lightweight Door into Non-Grid Sites
Authors: Dost Jeffrey , Mascheroni Marco , Bockelman Brian , Bryant Lincoln , Cartwright Timothy , Fajardo Edgar , Gardner Robert , Letts James , Lin Brian , Selmeci Mátyás , Sfiligoi Igor , Stephen Judith , Weitzel Derek , Würthwein Frank , Zhu Huijun 
Published: November 2020

The Open Science Grid (OSG) provides a common service for resource providers and scientific institutions, and supports sciences such as High Energy Physics, Structural Biology, and other community sciences. As scientific frontiers expand, so does the need for resources to analyze new data. For example, High Energy Physics experiments such as the LHC experiments foresee an exponential growth in the amount of data collected, which comes with corresponding growth in the need for computing resources. Allowing resource providers an easy way to share their resources is paramount to ensure the grow of resources available to scientists.
In this context, the OSG Hosted CE initiative provides site administrator a way to reduce the effort needed to install and maintain a Compute Element (CE), and represents a solution for sites who do not have the effort and expertise to run their own Grid middleware. An HTCondor Compute Element is installed on a remote VM at UChicago for each site that joins the Hosted CE initiative. The hardware/software stack is maintained by OSG Operations staff in a homogeneus and automated way, providing a reduction in the overall operational effort needed to maintain the CEs: one single organization does it in an uniform way, instead of each single resource provider doing it in their own way. Currently, more than 20 institutions joined the Hosted CE initiative. This contribution discusses the technical details behind a Hosted CE installation, highlighting key strengths and common pitfalls, and outlining future plans to further reduce operational experience.
The impact of distraction minimization on endoscopic mentoring and performance
Authors: Rice Sean C. , Slaughter James C. , Smalley Walter , Obstein Keith L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic mentoring requires active attention by the preceptor. Unfortunately, sources of distraction are abundant during endoscopic precepting. The impact of distraction minimization on endoscopic mentoring and performance is unknown.
Methods Fellow and attending preceptors were paired and randomized in a prospective crossover design to perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and/or colonoscopy in either a “distraction minimization” (DM) or a “standard” (S) room. Cell phones, pagers, music, and computers were not permitted in DM rooms. S rooms operated under typical conditions. Fellows and attendings then completed a survey. The primary outcome was fellow satisfaction with mentoring experience (visual analogue scale: 0 = min,100 = max). Additional fellow outcomes included satisfaction of attending attentiveness, identifying landmarks, communication, and distractedness; attending outcomes included satisfaction with mentoring, attentiveness, communication, and distractedness. Endoscopic performance measures included completion of EGD, cecal intubation rate, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, total procedure time, attending assistance, and polyp detection rate. A paired t-test was used to compare mean differences (MD) between rooms; significance set at P < 0.05.
Results Eight fellows and seven attendings completed 164 procedures. Despite a trend toward less distraction between rooms (DM = 12.5 v. S = 18.3, MD =  4.1, P = 0.17), there was no difference in fellow satisfaction with training/mentoring (DM = 93, S = 93, MD = –0.04, P = 0.97), attentiveness (DM = 95, S = 92, MD = 0.86, P = 0.77), identifying pathology/landmarks (DM = 94, S = 94, MD = –1.72, P = 0.56), or communication (DM = 95, S = 95,MD = 1.0, P = 0.37). Similarly, there was no difference between rooms for any attending outcome measures or performance metrics.
Conclusions DM did not improve perceived quality of endoscopic mentoring or performance for fellows or attendings; however, reduced distraction may improve attending engagement/availability.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of coastal aquaculture and driving force analysis in Southeastern China
Authors: Ying Zimin , Wu Jing , Del Valle Tomás Marín , Yang Wu 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Large-scale disordered coastal aquaculture development causes severe environmental problems. However, quantitative assessments of spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors for coastal aquaculture are essential and urgent for coastal aquaculture sustainability.
Outcomes:
Using remote sensing products and geographic information science, we investigated the long-term landscape changes due to coastal aquaculture, and explored its underlying driving factors in the Ningde coastal region, Southeastern China. Results show that coastal aquaculture area increased from 90.65 km
2
in 2003 to 96.08 km
2
in 2016, and its structure underwent tremendous changes. The area of artificial shrimp ponds increased by 496.15% and the area of farmland ponds decreased by 25.81% between 2003 and 2016. In addition, we revealed that from 2003 to 2016, the change trends of the coastal aquaculture area and the entire Ningde coastal region were consistent, and became more fragmented and dispersive. Furthermore, regression results indicate that the growth and attenuation of coastal aquaculture areas were significantly affected by the initial coastal aquaculture area in 2003.
Discussion and Conclusion:
To sustainably manage the coastal ecosystems, we provide several recommendations (e.g., a coupled human and natural systems approach to understanding human-nature interactions, integrated assessment, and systematical spatial planning and monitoring) for future research and management.
Multilinear spherical maximal function
Authors: Dosidis Georgios 
Published: November 2020

In dimensions

n
≥
2

n\ge 2

we obtain

L

p
1

(

R

n

)
×
⋯
×

L

p
m

(

R

n

)

L^{p_1}(\mathbb R^n) \times \dots \times L^{p_m}(\mathbb R^n)

to

L
p

(

R

n

)

L^p(\mathbb R^n)

boundedness for the multilinear spherical maximal function in the largest possible open set of indices and we provide counterexamples that indicate the optimality of our results. Moreover, we obtain weak type and Lorentz space estimates as well as counterexamples in the endpoint cases.
The asymptotic distance between an ultraflat unimodular polynomial and its conjugate reciprocal
Authors: Erdélyi Tamás 
Published: November 2020

Let

K

n

≔

{

Q
n

:

Q
n

(
z
)
=

∑

k
=
0

n

a
k

z
k

,

a
k

∈

C

,

|

a
k

|

=
1
}

.

\begin{equation*} {\mathcal {K}}_n \coloneq \left \{Q_n: Q_n(z) = \sum _{k=0}^n{a_k z^k}, \quad a_k \in {\mathbb {C}}\,, \quad |a_k| = 1 \right \}\,. \end{equation*}

A sequence

(

P
n

)

(P_n)

of polynomials

P
n

∈

K

n

P_n \!\in \! {\mathcal {K}}_n

is called ultraflat if

(
n
+
1

)

−
1

/

2

|

P
n

(

e

i
t

)

|

(n + 1)^{-1/2}|P_n(e^{it})|

converge to

1
1

uniformly in

t

∈

R

t \!\in \! {\mathbb {R}}

. In this paper we prove that

1

2
π

∫
0

2
π

|
(

P
n

−

P
n
∗

)
(

e

i
t

)
|

q

d
t

∼

2

q

Γ

(

q
+
1

2

)

Γ

(

q
2

+
1
)

π

n

q

/

2

\begin{equation*} \frac {1}{2\pi } \int _0^{2\pi }{\left | (P_n - P_n^*)(e^{it}) \right |^q \, dt} \sim \frac {{2}^q \Gamma \left (\frac {q+1}{2} \right )}{\Gamma \left (\frac q2 + 1 \right ) \sqrt {\pi }} \,\, n^{q/2} \end{equation*}

for every ultraflat sequence

(

P
n

)

(P_n)

of polynomials

P
n

∈

K

n

P_n \in {\mathcal {K}}_n

and for every

q
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

q \in (0,\infty )

, where

P
n
∗

P_n^*

is the conjugate reciprocal polynomial associated with

P
n

P_n

,

Γ
\Gamma

is the usual gamma function, and the

∼
\sim

symbol means that the ratio of the left and right hand sides converges to

1
1

as

n
→
∞

n \rightarrow \infty

. Another highlight of the paper states that

1

2
π

∫
0

2
π

|
(

P
n
′

−

P
n

∗
′

)
(

e

i
t

)
|

2

d
t

∼

2

n
3

3

\begin{equation*} \frac {1}{2\pi }\int _0^{2\pi }{\left | (P_n^\prime - P_n^{*\prime })(e^{it}) \right |^2 \, dt} \sim \frac {2n^3}{3} \end{equation*}

for every ultraflat sequence

(

P
n

)

(P_n)

of polynomials

P
n

∈

K

n

P_n \in {\mathcal {K}}_n

. We prove a few other new results and reprove some interesting old results as well.
Does Cover Crop Management Affect Arthropods in the Subsequent Corn and Soybean Crops in the United States? A Systematic Review
Authors: Inveninato Carmona Gabriela , Delserone Leslie M , Nogueira Duarte Campos Julia , Ferreira de Almeida Tauana , Vieira Branco Ozório Dânia , David Betancurt Cardona Juan , Wright Robert , McMechan Anthony Justin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cover crops (CC) support populations of pest and beneficial arthropods. The status of these arthropods in the subsequent cash crop depends on several factors such as CC species, management, biomass production, and weather conditions. A systematic review was performed to identify how CC management influences pest and beneficial arthropods and to identify knowledge gaps for the future research efforts. Eight studies included in this review indicated that CC increase beneficial arthropods or some beneficial arthropods compared with the CC managed fields. A minority of the studies indicated an increase in pest presence when using CC. Cover crop species, termination time and methods, and CC management had variable responses on arthropod activity-density. The variable responses, differences on study designs, and complexity of CC management influence arthropod activity in a CC-corn [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)]/soybean [Glycine max L. (Fabaceae)] system, limiting our ability to draw a broad and effective conclusion about the CC management impact on arthropods. Local research studies are needed to identify the impact of CC biomass quality and quantity, CC biomass thresholds for pest and beneficial arthropods, and cash crop yield impact of CC management-arthropod-related studies. Studies using the standard farming practices of each U.S. region and using standard measurements are needed to guide farmers that use cover crops. This systematic review aims to provide a better understanding of how the complexity of management in cover crop-corn/soybean management affects arthropod activity-density and to identify potential gaps in research and address future research needs.
The acquisitive–conservative axis of leaf trait variation emerges even in homogeneous environments
Authors: Gorné Lucas D , Díaz Sandra , Minden Vanessa , Onoda Yusuke , Kramer Koen , Muir Christopher , Michaletz Sean T , Lavorel Sandra , Sharpe Joanne , Jansen Steven , Slot Martijn , Chacon Eduardo , Boenisch Gerhard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
The acquisitive–conservative axis of plant ecological strategies results in a pattern of leaf trait covariation that captures the balance between leaf construction costs and plant growth potential. Studies evaluating trait covariation within species are scarcer, and have mostly dealt with variation in response to environmental gradients. Little work has been published on intraspecific patterns of leaf trait covariation in the absence of strong environmental variation.

Methods
We analysed covariation of four leaf functional traits [specific leaf area (SLA) leaf dry matter content (LDMC), force to tear (Ft) and leaf nitrogen content (Nm)] in six Poaceae and four Fabaceae species common in the dry Chaco forest of Central Argentina, growing in the field and in a common garden. We compared intraspecific covariation patterns (slopes, correlation and effect size) of leaf functional traits with global interspecific covariation patterns. Additionally, we checked for possible climatic and edaphic factors that could affect the intraspecific covariation pattern.

Key Results
We found negative correlations for the LDMC–SLA, Ft–SLA, LDMC–Nm and Ft–Nm trait pairs. This intraspecific covariation pattern found both in the field and in the common garden and not explained by climatic or edaphic variation in the field follows the expected acquisitive–conservative axis. At the same time, we found quantitative differences in slopes among different species, and between these intraspecific patterns and the interspecific ones. Many of these differences seem to be idiosyncratic, but some appear consistent among species (e.g. all the intraspecific LDMC–SLA and LDMC–Nm slopes tend to be shallower than the global pattern).

Conclusions
Our study indicates that the acquisitive–conservative leaf functional trait covariation pattern occurs at the intraspecific level even in the absence of relevant environmental variation in the field. This suggests a high degree of variation–covariation in leaf functional traits not driven by environmental variables.
Survival on four compared with three times per week haemodialysis in high ultrafiltration patients: an observational study
Authors: Fotheringham James , Latimer Nicholas , Froissart Marc , Kronenberg Florian , Stenvinkel Peter , Floege Jürgen , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Wheeler David C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
The harm caused by the long interdialytic interval in three-times-per-week haemodialysis regimens (3×WHD) may relate to fluid accumulation and associated high ultrafiltration rate (UFR). Four-times-per-week haemodialysis (4×WHD) may offer a solution, but its impact on mortality, hospitalization and vascular access complications is unknown.

Methods
From the AROii cohort of incident in-centre haemodialysis patients, 3×WHD patients with a UFR &gt;10 mL/kg/h were identified. The hazard for the outcomes of mortality, hospitalization and vascular access complications in those who switched to 4×WHD compared with staying on 3×WHD was estimated using a marginal structural Cox proportional hazards model. Adjustment included baseline patient and treatment characteristics with inverse probability weighting used to adjust for time-varying UFR and cardiovascular comorbidities.

Results
From 10 637 European 3×WHD patients, 3842 (36%) exceeded a UFR &gt;10 mL/kg/h. Of these, 288 (7.5%) started 4×WHD and at baseline were more comorbid. Event rates while receiving 4×WHD compared with 3×WHD were 12.6 compared with 10.8 per 100 patient years for mortality, 0.96 compared with 0.65 per year for hospitalization and 14.7 compared with 8.0 per 100 patient years for vascular access complications. Compared with 3×WHD, the unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for mortality on 4×WHD was 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–1.42]. Following adjustment for baseline demographics, time-varying treatment probability and censoring risks, this HR was 0.73 (95% CI 0.50–1.05; P = 0.095). Despite these adjustments on 4×WHD, the HR for hospitalization remained elevated and vascular access complications were similar to 3×WHD.

Conclusions
This observational study was not able to demonstrate a mortality benefit in patients switched to 4×WHD. To demonstrate the true benefits of 4×WHD requires a large, well-designed clinical trial. Our data may help in the design of such a study.