bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Methodology of Amplitude-Frequency Characteristics of Dental (Endodontic) Files
Authors: Avilov A V , Laktionov E V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deformation and fracture of rotating nickel-titanium endodontic files is considered to be a serious problem among dentists. Therefore, the study of the causes of microcracks, the study of the stress-strain state of endodontic files, the development of methods for monitoring their performance are an urgent problem for dentistry. The purpose of this article is to describe the method of detection of functional endodontic files, based on the determination of their amplitude-frequency characteristics. A block diagram of the measuring complex for the study of free oscillations of endodontic files is proposed. The results of experimental studies are presented.
Van der Waals hetero-structures of 1H-MoS2and N-substituted graphene for catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dheer Lakshay , Bhattacharjee Satadeep , Lee Seung Cheol , Waghmare Umesh V 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFirst-principles theoretical analysis of the catalytic activity of van der Waals hetero-structures of 1H-MoS2and graphene substituted with three chemical types of nitrogen species (i) Graphitic (G), (ii) Pyridinic (Pn) and (iii) Pyrrolic (Pr), for application in catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been presented. Graphitic and pyrrolic N substituents result in n-type electronic structure, whereas substitution of pyridinic N imparts p-type electronic character to the hetero-structure. Work functions (φ) of the hetero-structures suggest that graphitic N-graphene:MoS2hetero-structure (φ=3.8eV) is expected to be effective in catalysing the reduction of H+to evolve H2. 1H-MoS2monolayer in the hetero-structure contributes by enabling increased H2O adsorption and offsetting the band edge energies optimal for the catalytic activity. Near optimum Gibbs free energy of H-adsorption (ΔGH) were obtained for graphitic (ΔGH ∼ 0.29 eV) and pyrrolic (ΔGH ∼ −0.2 eV) N-graphene:MoS2hetero-structures. Our work showcases how catalytic and electronic properties of the N-doped graphene:MoS2hetero-structure depends on the chemical identity of N-sites and uncovers a route to 2D hetero-structures with high catalytic activity.
Breathalyser-Based eHealth Data Suggest That Self-Reporting of Abstinence Is a Poor Outcome Measure for Alcohol Use Disorder Clinical Trials
Authors: Hämäläinen Markku D , Zetterström Andreas , Winkvist Maria , Söderquist Marcus , Öhagen Patrik , Andersson Karl , Nyberg Fred 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the efficacy and monitoring capabilities of a breathalyser-based eHealth system for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to investigate the quality and validity of timeline follow-back (TLFB) as outcome measure in clinical trials and treatment.

Methods
Patients (n = 115) were recruited to clinical trials from a 12-step aftercare programme (12S-ABS) and from hospital care with abstinence (HC-ABS) or controlled drinking (HC-CDR) as goal and randomly divided into an eHealth and a control group. The effect of the eHealth system was analysed with TLFB-derived primary outcomes—change in number of abstinent days (AbsDay) and heavy drinking days (HDDs) compared to baseline—and phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) measurements. Validity and quality of TLFB were evaluated by comparison with breath alcohol content (BrAC) and eHealth digital biomarkers (DBs): Addiction Monitoring Index (AMI) and Maximum Time Between Tests (MTBT). TLFB reports were compared to eHealth data regarding reported abstinence.

Results
The primary outcome (TLFB) showed no significant difference between eHealth and control groups, but PEth did show a significant difference especially at months 2 and 3. Self-reported daily abstinence suffered from severe quality issues: of the 28-day TLFB reports showing full abstinence eHealth data falsified 34% (BrAC measurements), 39% (MTBT), 54% (AMI) and 68% (BrAC/MTBT/AMI). 12S-ABS and HC-ABS patients showed severe under-reporting.

Conclusions
No effect of the eHealth system was measured with TLFB, but a small positive effect was measured with PEth. The eHealth system revealed severe quality problems with TLFB, especially regarding abstinence—should measurement-based eHealth data replace TLFB as outcome measure for AUD?
The Use of Eye Tracking Technology in Aesthetic Surgery: Analyzing Changes in Facial Attention Following Surgery
Authors: Frautschi Russell S , Dawlagala Nadeera , Klingemier Eric W , England Hannah S , Sinclair Nicholas R , Zins James E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The ability to quantitatively analyze how we look at a face and determine if this changes following facial surgery should be of interest to the plastic surgeon. Eye tracking technology (ETT) provides the ability to record where observers fixate when viewing a facial image, enabling quantitative data to be obtained comparing pre- and postoperative changes.

Objectives
The authors sought to investigate ETT as a novel outcome assessment tool, determining if facial rejuvenation surgery shifts attention away from the prominent signs of aging, and if so, where this attention shifts.

Methods
Twenty-five volunteers viewed 32 randomized frontal, oblique, and lateral images of 11 patients pre- and post-facelift. An eye movement monitoring system recorded the observer’s eye position, net dwell time, fixation count, fixation time, and revisits into predefined areas of interest. Data were grouped and analyzed by angle and areas of interest. Paired t tests were employed to detect significant differences in pre- and post-images.

Results
On frontal images, less dwell time, fixations, and revisits were noted on the bottom third, forehead, perioral region, and neck (P &lt; 0.05). On the lateral view, less visual attention was given to the neck, upper third, and perioral region, with more time in the cheek, nose, and middle third (P &lt; 0.05). On oblique images, less attention was given to the neck and upper lid with more aimed at the middle third of the face (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
ETT provides quantitative data post-facial rejuvenation. Facial aesthetic surgery does alter where observers look when viewing a face, decreasing the time spent inspecting the prominent signs of aging.
iPAC: a genome-guided assembler of isoforms via phasing and combing paths
Authors: Yu Ting , Liu Juntao , Gao Xin , Li Guojun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Full-length transcript reconstruction is very important and quite challenging for the widely used RNA-seq data analysis. Currently, available RNA-seq assemblers generally suffered from serious limitations in practical applications, such as low assembly accuracy and incompatibility with latest alignment tools.

Results
We introduce iPAC, a new genome-guided assembler for reconstruction of isoforms, which revolutionizes the usage of paired-end and sequencing depth information via phasing and combing paths over a newly designed phasing graph. Tested on both simulated and real datasets, it is to some extent superior to all the salient assemblers of the same kind. Especially, iPAC is significantly powerful in recovery of lowly expressed transcripts while others are not.

Availability and implementation
iPAC is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/transassembly/files.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Integrative analysis of cross-modal features for the prognosis prediction of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ning Zhenyuan , Pan Weihao , Chen Yuting , Xiao Qing , Zhang Xinsen , Luo Jiaxiu , Wang Jian , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
As a highly heterogeneous disease, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has quite variable clinical behaviors. The prognostic biomarkers play a crucial role in stratifying patients suffering from ccRCC to avoid over- and under-treatment. Researches based on hand-crafted features and single-modal data have been widely conducted to predict the prognosis of ccRCC. However, these experience-dependent methods, neglecting the synergy among multimodal data, have limited capacity to perform accurate prediction. Inspired by complementary information among multimodal data and the successful application of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in medical image analysis, a novel framework was proposed to improve prediction performance.

Results
We proposed a cross-modal feature-based integrative framework, in which deep features extracted from computed tomography/histopathological images by using CNNs were combined with eigengenes generated from functional genomic data, to construct a prognostic model for ccRCC. Results showed that our proposed model can stratify high- and low-risk subgroups with significant difference (P-value &lt; 0.05) and outperform the predictive performance of those models based on single-modality features in the independent testing cohort [C-index, 0.808 (0.728–0.888)]. In addition, we also explored the relationship between deep image features and eigengenes, and make an attempt to explain deep image features from the view of genomic data. Notably, the integrative framework is available to the task of prognosis prediction of other cancer with matched multimodal data.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/zhang-de-lab/zhang-lab? from=singlemessage

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Electronic Correction of Values That Are "Off-Scale" in the "SMA-6" System for Continuous-flow Analysis
Authors: Rosenfeld Louis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Data are presented for an electronic device that automatically halves "off-scale" signal voltages on the "SMA Flex-6" System (Technicon). This extends the usefulness of the system by obviating the need for most repeat analyses on dilutions of specimens containing constituents in concentrations that exceed the limits of the pre-calibrated chart paper. Accurate results are obtained because the chemical reactions are shown to be linear up to nearly twice the maximum calibration on the recorder paper for the following analytes: bilirubin, total and direct (20.0 mg/dl); alkaline phosphatase (700 U/ liter); lactate dehydrogenase (1200 U/liter); creatine kinase (2400 U/liter); and aspartate aminotransferase (600 U/liter). In contrast, dilution of sera 2-, 5-, and 10-fold with sodium chloride solution (8.5 g/liter) produces positive errors ranging from 6 to 38% for these enzymes, but has no significant effect on bilirubin.
Radioimmunoassay of Drugs Subject to Abuse: Critical Evaluation of Urinary Morphine—Barbiturate, Morphine, Barbiturate, and Amphetamine Assays
Authors: Mulé Salvatore J , Whitlock Eileen , Jukofsky Dennis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Radioimmunoassays for morphine—barbiturate (MOR-BARB), morphine, barbiturate, and amphetamine were evaluated by a direct comparison with differential elution extraction thin-layer chromatography, the "enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique," and XAD-2 resin extraction thin-layer chromatography for the detection in urine of drugs subject to abuse. Statistically significant (P &lt; 0.01) concentrations for detection were: 50-100 µg/liter for MOR-BARB; 5 µg/liter for morphine, 10 µg/liter for barbiturate, and 500 µg/liter for amphetamine. Unconfirmed and unaccounted-for radioimmunoassay positives (false) were: 0% for morphine in the radioimmunoassay for MOR-BARB and that for morphine alone; 2.8% for barbiturates in the MOR-BARB assay and that for barbiturates alone; 0-6% when a combination of these drugs was present in the MOR-BARB, morphine, or barbiturate assay; and 2.4% in the amphetamine radioimmunoassay. Less than 1% of all radioimmunoassay-negative samples were unconfirmed (false). Cross-reactivity was observed with drugs of a similar chemical structure in each of the radioimmunoassays tested. All the radioimmunoassays were easy to use, highly sensitive, and extremely reliable for detecting drug use or abuse.
Determination of Phosphodiesterase I Activity in Human Blood Serum
Authors: Hynie Ivo , Meuffels Mary , Poznanski Wojciech Janusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phosphodiesterase I (EC 3.1.4.1) activity was detected in normal human blood serum. The enzyme is stable at laboratory temperature for three days, but is inactivated at pH &lt;7. The pH for optimum activity increases with the substrate concentration (under the conditions used, from pH 9.0 to 10.2) and, conversely, the Km increases with pH and buffer concentration. The enzyme is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate but not by phosphate (0.1 mol/liter). We developed a simple quantitative method for its determination, based on hydrolysis of the p-nitrophenyl ester of thymidine 5'-monophosphate and subsequent measurement of the liberated p-nitrophenol at 400 nm in NaOH (0.1 mol/liter). Normal values (mean ± 2 SD) were determined to be 33 ± 6.4 U/liter. Preliminary studies indicate that phosphodiesterase I activity is greater than normal in serum of patients with necrotic changes in the liver or kidney or in cases of breast cancer, but not in that of patients with myocardial infarction, bone cancer, lung cancer, or chronic liver cirrhosis.
Influence of Age, Sex, and Oral Contraceptives on Human Blood Cholinesterase Activity
Authors: Sidell Frederick R , Kaminskis Andris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We estimated cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activities in erthrocytes and plasma of 443 men, 188 women not taking oral contraceptives, and 70 women who were taking oral contraceptives. Men in the first six decades of life had higher plasma cholinesterase activity than did women who were not taking oral contraceptives, and these women had higher plasma cholinesterase activity than women taking oral contraceptives. After the age of 60 there was no intersex difference. Activity of erythrocytes from the oral contraceptive group was higher than in the other groups, men had the lowest activity, and there was an increased activity with age in both sexes until the age of 60. These findings suggest that there is no single "normal" value for cholinesterase activity for adults.
Trend Detection in Control Data: Optimization and Interpretation of Trigg's Technique for Trend Analysis
Authors: Cembrowski George S , Westgard James O , Eggert Arthur A , Toren E Clifford 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for trend detection, Trigg's technique [Oper. Res. Q. 15, 271 (1964)], has been investigated for use in monitoring trends in control data produced by multitest continuous-flow analyzers. Simulated trend data were used to optimize the method. Actual control data were analyzed retrospectively to determine the frequency of trends and the accuracy of several parameters obtained from Trigg's method. The prospective use of the technique has successfully uncovered important trends. Criteria for the interpretation of the Trigg's trend data are suggested and an algorithm for the computer implementation of Trigg’s calculations is included.
Erythrocyte 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate as Related to Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Kalofoutis Anastasios , Jullien Gérard , Koutselinis Antonios , Miras Constantinos 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate was determined in the erythrocytes of 17 diabetic and 18 obese patients. Results for obese subjects were significantly (P &lt; .01) different from those obtained for 21 healthy subjects. Results for obese and diabetic patients also differed significantly (P &lt; .01), but not those for diabetic and healthy subjects. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, or bicarbonate measurements did not differ among the three groups.
New System for Automated Extraction and Simultaneous Determination of Serum Cholesterol and Triglycerides
Authors: Wease Dorothy F , Espinosa Eli S , Anderson Yvonne J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe an automated system for serum lipid extraction and simultaneous determination of cholesterol and triglycerides, with use of continuous-flow equipment. A sample volume of 100 µl of serum is required, and samples are processed at the rate of 20 per hour, which may be increased with slight loss in precision. Time from sample pickup to recorder readout is about 25 min. The system makes use of established colorimetric reactions, and the values obtained agree with ranges currently reported in the literature. Correlation coefficients for results of the automated and manual methods were 0.98 for cholesterol and 0.99 for triglycerides, and the day-to-day coefficients of variation were 1.8% for cholesterol (1 SD = 34 mg/liter) and 3.4% for triglycerides (1 SD = 37 mg/liter). The small sample volume, precision, accuracy, speed, and comparative economy of reagents make this system particularly suitable for multiphasic screening, pediatrics, and small-animal research.
Some Theory of Reference Values. I. Stratified (Categorized) Normal Ranges and a Method for Following an Individual's Clinical Laboratory Values
Authors: Harris Eugene K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The conventional population-based normal range has recently been shown to be a generally defective reference criterion for assessing individual laboratory test results. Applying a previously derived formula to published data, we find that the use of age-, sex-specific normal ranges may fail to produce a substantial improvement in sensitivity over nonspecific ranges, even when age-sex differences in mean values are statistically significant. This occurs when the difference in means is not accompanied by a sufficient reduction in the variation among individuals within a given class. Turning therefore to comparison of an individual's current measurement with his own previous value(s), I suggest a simple statistical model that leads to sequential testing of each new observation against an exponentially weighted moving average of previous results. Estimates of biological and analytical components of variance are required. The ability of this method to detect trends in very short series is explored with the aid of computer-simulated laboratory data. A sample of these data is also used to illustrate the application of these estimation and testing procedures by means of a graph.
Automated Immunochemical Method for Determination of Urinary Protein of Plasma Origin
Authors: Killingsworth Lawrence M , Britain Carol E , Woodard Linda L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated continuous-flow procedure has been developed for the rapid determination of urinary proteins of plasma origin. Antiserum to whole human plasma was used as the reagent, and the antigen—antibody reactions were quantitated by nephelometry. By adding polyethylene glycol (mol wt 6000-7500) to the reaction medium, reaction time was decreased to &lt;3 min; no sample blanks were required; and samples were analyzed at a rate of 70 per hour. Recovery studies yielded an average of 98.5% of the added protein. In-run replicate precision (CV) of the method was 1.45%; day-to-day precision was 2.58%.
Lack of Significant Effect of L(+)-Glutamate on Serum γ-GlutamyItransferase Activity Determined in the Presence of Glycylglycine
Authors: Gerhardt Willie , Persijn Paul , Rosalki Sidney B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
No increase in γ-glutamyltransferase activity determined in human sera at 25, 30, or 37 °C could be demonstrated when L(+)-glutamate, 10 to 5000 mol/liter, was incorporated into reaction media containing glycylglycine, 40 mmol/liter.
Indirect Assessment of Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (NADPH) Activity in Liver Tissue
Authors: Rao A Venugopala , Ramakrishnan S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe an indirect method for assessing variation in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (NADPH) activity in liver tissue. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA and mevalonate concentrations in the tissue homogenate are estimated in terms of absorbances and the ratio between the two is taken as an index of activity of the enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to mevalonate. The ratio increases under conditions in which activity of this enzyme in liver reportedly decreases (e.g., fasting, cholesterol feeding) and decreases under conditions in which the activity of this enzyme reportedly increases (e.g., Triton injection, phenobarbital treatment). We assessed the magnitude of hepatic cholesterogenesis in intact male albino rats by using [1,2-14C] acetate, in fed controls, fasted, cholesterol-fed, Triton-treated, and phenobarbital-treated. The ratio, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylCoA/mevalonate was estimated in liver tissue for all the above groups. The method is simple, reproducible, and does not require any unusual chemicals.
Single-Channel AutoAnalyzer Adapted for Multiple Tests without Manifold Changes
Authors: Shihabi Z K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A different approach to continuous-flow analysis is described, in which the initial reagent concentration is adjusted to fit a prefixed manifold while still providing optimum concentrations of the reactants in the mixing coils. A single-channel AutoAnalyzer so designed can perform multiple tests without the need to change manifolds. The system was assembled from a Technicon Sampler II and Pump II, a Gilford 300 N spectrophotometer, and a Varian recorder. Results for calcium, uric acid, glucose, phosphorus, chloride, urea nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, analyzed on this instrument at a speed of 60 samples/ h, compare favorably with those obtained with the AutoAnalyzer 12/60 and 6/60. The instrument is not restricted to certain methodologies and, in addition, can be used manually or for kinetic reactions
Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Separation of Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes Compared
Authors: Lum Gifford , Levy Arthur L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We compared two techniques for separating and evaluating serum creatine kinase isoenzymes—fluorometric agarose electrophoresis and Sephadex chromatography—in 50 patients, 25 of whom had confirmed acute myocardial infarction. In every case isoenzyme MB (heart isoenzyme) was detected with equal sensitivity by either procedure. Evidently, only the presence or absence of MB is clinically significant; none of the 25 patients without infarction had detectable MB activity in their serum. Columns connected to a continuous-flow sample line for analyses of the eluting stream without further modification produced satisfactory results