bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytotherapie zu Zeiten der Pest
Authors: Beer André-Michael 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Sonderausstellung „Pest!“ im LWL-Museum für Archäologie in Herne präsentiert anhand von ca. 300 archäologischen und kulturgeschichtlichen Exponaten – etwa aus London, Hongkong und Marseille, aber auch aus Köln, Münster und Bochum – die faszinierende Geschichte der Pest und ihre Folgen. Die Ausstellung ist aber auch für die Phytotherapie, vor allem hinsichtlich der ätherischen Öle, von großem Interesse.
Pyrrolizidinalkaloid-Kontaminationen in Arzneipflanzen
Authors: Steinhoff Barbara 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungNach der Festlegung von Grenzwerten für Arzneimittel aus PA-haltigen Arzneipflanzen in einem Stufenplanverfahren im Jahr 1992 ist seit 2013 das Thema „PA“ wegen einer möglichen Kontamination von Arzneipflanzen mit PA-haltigen Unkräutern wieder in die Diskussion geraten. Basierend auf einer vergleichbaren Bekanntmachung des BfArM hat das HMPC der Zulassungsagentur EMA im Jahr 2016 für eine Geltungsdauer von 3 Jahren einen vorläufigen Grenzwert von 1,0 µg Pyrrolizidinalkaloiden pro Tag bezogen auf das Fertigarzneimittel empfohlen, die im Januar 2019 um weitere 2 Jahre verlängert wurde. Bereits zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt hatten die Erkenntnisse über die Möglichkeit einer Kontamination mit PA-haltigen Unkräutern die Hersteller von pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln gemeinsam mit Anbauern und Lieferanten pflanzlicher Drogen veranlasst, Ursachenforschung zu betreiben und Maßnahmen zur Reduktion und Vermeidung einer möglichen PA-Kontamination zu ergreifen, die zusammenfassend in einem Code of Practice beschrieben sind. Aktuelle Forschungsprojekte befassen sich u. a. mit dem Vorkommen PA-haltiger Unkräuter auf Anbauflächen, mit dem horizontalen Transfer von PA zwischen Pflanzen, mit dem Metabolismus der Alkaloide sowie mit toxikologischen Fragestellungen. Die Ergebnisse von Datensammlungen der Hersteller zeigen über die letzten Jahre eine deutliche Verminderung der PA-Belastung in pflanzlichen Drogen und Extrakten, die für die Herstellung pflanzlicher Arzneimittel eingesetzt werden. Es wird jedoch auch deutlich, dass das Problem einer PA-Kontamination in naher Zukunft nicht vollständig gelöst werden kann und deshalb auf Dauer ein realistischer Grenzwert geschaffen werden muss.
Wie bereit ist die Kommune? Das Community Readiness-Modell und die
beispielhafte Anwendung in der kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Gansefort Dirk , Peters Manuela , Brand Tilman 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas 2015 verabschiedete Präventionsgesetz sieht eine Stärkung
settingbasierter Präventionsansätze vor. Ziel der vorliegenden
Arbeit ist die Vorstellung des Community Readiness-Modells als ein Instrument
zur Bedarfsermittlung und Verbesserung gesundheitsförderlicher
Strukturen im Setting Kommune am Beispiel Bewegungsförderung im Alter im
Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Ready to Change. Community Readiness steht dabei
für kommunale Handlungsbereitschaft. Die Bedarfsermittlung im Rahmen der
Modell-Umsetzung erfolgt als Community Readiness-Assessment, bei dem an Themen
der Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention angepasste
Leitfaden-gestützte Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen in Kommunen
geführt werden. Als Ergebnis wird für die Kommunen ein Stadium
der Handlungsbereitschaft identifiziert, aus dementsprechend zu ergreifende
Public Health-Maßnahmen abgeleitet werden. In unserem Beispiel wurde das
Modell an das Thema Bewegungsförderung im Alter im kommunalen Setting
angepasst. Ein Assessment wurde im Jahr 2015 in 23 Kommunen im Nordwesten
Deutschlands durchgeführt. Für die Ergebnisdarstellung des
Assessments werden beispielhaft Darstellungen wie Spinnweb-Diagramme und
geographische Verteilungen präsentiert. Mit dem Community
Readiness-Ansatz liegt ein Modell vor, mit dem eine systematische
Bestandsaufnahme und Verbesserung lokaler Strukturen und Ressourcen der
Gesundheitsförderung umgesetzt werden kann. Unsere Projekterfahrungen
zeigen, dass sich das Vorgehen im Community Readiness-Modell gut umsetzen
lässt. Wesentliche Vorteile dieses Ansatzes liegen in der Systematik des
Vorgehens und in der lokalen Stärken- und Schwächenanalyse als
Voraussetzung für kommunenspezifische Interventionen.
Die COVID-19 Pandemie und ihre Folgen für die Plastische Chirurgie und Handchirurgie
Authors: Giunta Riccardo E. , Frank Konstantin , Ehrl Denis , Schenck Thilo L. , Moellhoff Nicholas , Braig David , Haas Elisabeth M. , Ahmad Nura , Hagen Christine S. , Wiggenhauser Paul Severin , Frick Andreas , Koban Konstantin , Wachtel Nikolaus , Taha Sara 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland wurde der erste Patient mit SARS-Cov-2 Virus Infektion am 27. Januar 2020 in München bestätigt. Für uns als Plastische Chirurgen und Handchirurgen ist es von zentralerBedeutung, dass wir uns als verantwortungsbewusste Menschen und Ärzte dafür einsetzen, die Übertragung von Viren zu verringern und die Ressourcen zur Behandlung von Patienten, die an der Krankheit schwer erkrankt sind, frei geben. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einer Übersicht zu aktuellen Entwicklungen und Erkenntnissen für das Fachgebiet Plastische Chirurgie und für die Handchirurgie.Gleichzeitig müssen wir über unsere Fachgesellschaften aktiv Kriterien und Regularien zur Versorgung von an COVID-19 erkrankten Patienten mitgestalten, den Erhalt unserer Notfallversorgung sichern und sinnvolle Exit-Strategien erarbeiten. Naturgemäß kann dabei gerade bei der rasanten Entwicklung der Erkenntnisse in der aktuellen Pandemie nur eine Momentaufnahme gegeben werden.
Learning Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision
Authors: McLemore Elisabeth C. , Lavi Peyman , Attaluri Vikram 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA dynamic evolution is occurring in transanal surgery. Transanal techniques began with intraluminal surgical removal of rectal masses and have progressed to transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) for rectal cancer. TaTME was first performed in 2009 by Sylla, Rattner, Delgado, and Lacy. This article documents the training pathway followed by pioneers in the taTME technique as well as consensus reports outlining the process of learning the taTME technique. A literature search was performed for taTME training, learning, and technique. Key elements in learning the taTME technique include appropriate indications, cadaver training, and outcomes reporting such as participating in a taTME registry. Consensus reports also agree on the following facets associated with improved outcomes: (1) appropriate case selection of mid and low rectal cancers, (2) prerequisite completion of an accredited training program in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and prior experience in transanal endoscopic surgery, (3) a two-team taTME approach from above and below is ideal, and (4) higher rectal cancer volume surgical practice. The unifying international recommendation for surgeons interested in learning the taTME technique conveys the following message: taTME is an advanced and complex technique that requires dedicated training and experience in TME surgery.
Anatomical Considerations and Procedure-Specific Aspects Important in Preventing Operative Morbidity during Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision
Authors: Atallah Sam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAs transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) becomes increasingly utilized, its technical challenges and potential pitfalls have become more clearly appreciated. This chapter explores the differences in how anatomy presents itself from the taTME vantage point as compared with traditional approaches to taTME, and how special problems unique to taTME pose a new set of operative challenges. Morbidity related, specifically, to the technique of taTME is also delineated with particular focus on male urethral injury.
Structured Neonatal Point-of-Care Ultrasound Training Program
Authors: Kurepa Dalibor , Boyar Vitalya , Zaghloul Nahla , Beachy Joanna , Zaytseva Alla , Teng David , Cooper Rubin , Klewer Scott , Amodio John 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective Point-of-care ultrasound (POC US) has been increasingly used by intensive care physicians. Growing use of POC US necessitates defining distinct clinical indications for its application, as well as structured POC US training programs. Homogeneous approach to POC US education combined with rigorous quality assurance should further enable POC US to become standard-of-care clinical tool. This study aimed to present the first, innovative, and structured POC US program in neonatal–perinatal medicine field. In addition, we reviewed the availability of the POC US training programs across different medical specialties.
Study Design Available English-language publications on POC US training programs in general and neonatal–perinatal medicine were reviewed in this study.
Discussion Mounting body of evidence suggests improved procedural completion rates, as well as clinical decision making with the use of POC US. However, limited research supported the existence of structured, comprehensive POC US programs. It was recognized that medical institutions need to develop syllabuses, teach, and credential increasing number of health care professionals in the use of POC US. We defined intuitive educational strategy that encompasses POC US clinical indications, educational curriculum, scanning protocols, competence evaluation, and finally credentialing process. In addition, we offered description of the imaging quality assurance, as well as POC US coding, and reimbursement.
Conclusion Future efforts need to be dedicated to the ongoing development of neonatal POC US as a clinical instrument. It should allow for eventual paradigm change and improved effectiveness in management of critically ill neonates.
Predictors of Early Preterm Birth Despite Vaginal Progesterone Therapy in Singletons with Short Cervix
Authors: Boelig Rupsa C. , Naert Mackenzie N. , Fox Nathan S. , Hennessy Sean , Chervoneva Inna , Berghella Vincenzo , Roman Amanda 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective This study aimed to identify the incidence of and risk factors for early preterm birth (PTB) (delivery <34 weeks) in women without prior PTB and current short cervix (≤20 mm) prescribed vaginal progesterone.Study Design Retrospective cohort study of singletons without prior PTB diagnosed with short cervix (≤20 mm) between 180/7 and 236/7 weeks. Women who accepted vaginal progesterone and had delivery outcomes available were included. Demographic/obstetric history, cervical length, and pregnancy characteristics compared between women with early PTB versus delivery ≥34 weeks. Multiple logistic regression analysis used to identify predictors; odds ratio for significant factors used to generate a risk score. Risk score and risk of early PTB assessed with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROCC). Perinatal outcomes compared by risk score.Results Among 109 patients included, 29 (27%) had a spontaneous PTB <34 weeks. In univariate analysis, only gestational age at ultrasound, presence funneling, and mean cervical length were significantly different between those with and without early sPTB. With multiple logistic regression analysis, only gestational age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.46–0.96; p = 0.028) and index cervical length (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.76–0.93; p = 0.001) remained significantly associated with early PTB. ROCC for the risk score incorporating cervical length and gestational age was predictive of early PTB with an AUC of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.67–0.86; p < 0.001). A high-risk score was predictive of early PTB with a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 54%, and negative predictive value of 91%. Women with a high-risk score had worse perinatal outcomes compared with those with low-risk score.Conclusion A total of 27% of patients with short cervix prescribed vaginal progesterone will have a sPTB < 34 weeks. Patients at high risk for early PTB despite vaginal progesterone therapy may be identified using gestational age and cervical length at diagnosis of short cervix. Given the narrow window for intervention after diagnosis of short cervix, this has important implications for clinical care.
Diachronous development of Great Unconformities before Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth
Authors: Flowers Rebecca M. , Macdonald Francis A. , Siddoway Christine S. , Havranek Rachel 
Published: April 2020

SignificanceErosion below the Great Unconformity has been interpreted as a global phenomenon associated with Snowball Earth. Geological relationships and thermochronologic data provide evidence that the bulk of erosion below the Great Unconformity in Colorado occurred prior to Cryogenian glaciation. We suggest that there are multiple, regionally diachronous Great Unconformities that are tectonic in origin.
Heart–brain interactions shape somatosensory perception and evoked potentials
Authors: Al Esra , Iliopoulos Fivos , Forschack Norman , Nierhaus Till , Grund Martin , Motyka Paweł , Gaebler Michael , Nikulin Vadim V. , Villringer Arno 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Our brain continuously receives signals from the body and the environment. Although we are mostly unaware of internal bodily processes, such as our heartbeats, they can affect our perception. Here, we show two distinct ways in which the heartbeat modulates conscious perception. First, increased heartbeat-evoked neural activity before stimulation is followed by decreased somatosensory detection. This effect can be explained by subjects adopting a more conservative decision criterion, which is accompanied by changes in early and late somatosensory-evoked responses. Second, stimulus timing during the cardiac cycle affects sensitivity but not criterion for somatosensory stimuli, which is reflected only in late somatosensory-evoked responses. We propose that these heartbeat-related modulations are connected to fluctuations of interoceptive attention and (unconscious) predictive coding mechanisms.
Global control of bacterial nitrogen and carbon metabolism by a PTS
Ntr
-regulated switch
Authors: Sánchez-Cañizares Carmen , Prell Jürgen , Pini Francesco , Rutten Paul , Kraxner Kim , Wynands Benedikt , Karunakaran Ramakrishnan , Poole Philip S. 
Published: April 2020

Significance
Bacteria have evolved intricate regulatory networks to coordinate their metabolism with internal and external signals of their status. The regulatory phosphotransferase systems (PTSs) constitute a key part of these intricate circuits, with their signal transduction cascades participating in multiple regulatory functions. Although two major systems have been described as being involved in regulating carbon and nitrogen pools, there is very little information on their physiological role in vivo under real-time conditions. In this work we demonstrate the role of PTS as an integrated system, widely conserved in proteobacteria, acting as a complex biological sensor-actuator device enabling bacterial cells to posttranslationally alter bacterial physiology and balance carbon and nitrogen availability.
Neonatal CSF vasopressin concentration predicts later medical record diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Oztan Ozge , Garner Joseph P. , Constantino John N. , Parker Karen J. 
Published: April 2020

SignificanceAutism is a poorly understood brain disorder of childhood onset. It is characterized by social impairments and diagnosed behaviorally. Early diagnosis fosters better developmental outcomes through behavioral intervention. However, long clinic wait times to undergo behavioral evaluation contribute to delayed diagnoses and treatments. Emerging evidence indicates that low cerebrospinal fluid concentration of the “social” neuropeptide vasopressin is a marker of social impairment in children with autism. Here we report that cerebrospinal fluid vasopressin concentration is significantly lower in newborns diagnosed with autism later in childhood. These preliminary findings suggest that a biomarker of autism may be present before behavioral symptoms emerge. If replicated, this approach could be useful for assessing autism risk and facilitating early intervention in high-risk individuals.
Collective decision-making by rational agents with differing preferences
Authors: Mann Richard P. 
Published: April 2020

SignificanceFor animals choosing where to forage or sleep, or for humans choosing a restaurant, a hotel, or a career, the choices made by others can provide useful information. If a restaurant is consistently full of customers, we might assume it must be serving good-quality food. However, the choices that others make are only useful to us if they are made by agents with similar preferences; a vegan can learn very little from the popularity of a steak house. In this paper, I show how differences in preferences change how agents should respond to each other to maximize their personal fitness or utility, and thus how population structures might determine the interaction rules that evolve in social groups.
Observation of indentation-induced shear bands in a metal−organic framework glass
Authors: Stepniewska Malwina , Januchta Kacper , Zhou Chao , Qiao Ang , Smedskjaer Morten M. , Yue Yuanzheng 
Published: April 2020

Significance
As a newly emerged glass family, the melt-quenched metal−organic framework (MOF) glasses have attracted considerable attention from scientists. Recently, several important breakthroughs have been achieved concerning their structure, glass formation, dynamics, and thermodynamic evolution. However, the fracture behavior of these glasses upon mechanical loading has not yet been reported. Here we obtained a fracture pattern of a MOF glass upon indentation, and revealed anomalous cracking behavior. We detected the occurrence of shear bands with a sliding extent of ∼35 nm. Both the fracture behavior and the deformation mechanism could be associated with the coordinative bonds in ZIFs. This work contributes to obtaining a general picture about the fracture mechanism of brittle glasses.
Simple Woods-Saxon-type form for Ωα and Ξα interactions using folding model
Authors: Etminan Faisal , Firoozabadi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We derive a simple Woods-Saxon-type form for potentials between

, and

using a single-folding potential method, based on a separable Y-nucleon potential. The potentials

and

are accordingly obtained using the ESC08c Nijmegens

potential (in

channel) and HAL QCD collaboration

interactions (in lattice QCD), respectively. In deriving the potential between Y and

, the same potential between Y and N is employed. The binding energy, scattering length, and effective range of the Y particle on the alpha particle are approximated by the resulting potentials. The depths of the potentials in

and

systems are obtained at

MeV and

MeV, respectively. In the case of the

potential, a fairly good agreement is observed between the single-folding potential method and the phenomenological potential of the Dover-Gal model. These potentials can be used in 3-,4- and 5-body cluster structures of

and

hypernuclei.
Microscopic study of 7Li-nucleus potential *
Authors: Chen Wen-Di , Guo Hai-Rui , Sun Wei-Li , Ye Tao , Ying Yang-Jun , Han Yin-Lu , Shen Qing-Biao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A microscopic approach is employed to study the optical potential for the 7Li-nucleus interaction system without any free parameters. It is obtained by folding the microscopic optical potentials of the constituent nucleons of 7Li over their density distributions. We employ an isospin-dependent nucleon microscopic optical potential, which is based on the Skyrme nucleon-nucleon effective interaction and derived using the Green's function method, as the nucleon optical potential. The harmonic oscillator shell model is used to describe the internal wave function of 7Li and obtain the nucleon density distribution. The 7Li microscopic optical potential is used to predict the reaction cross-sections and elastic scattering angular distributions for the target range from 27Al to 208Pb and energy range below 450 MeV. Generally, the results can reproduce the measured data reasonably well. In addition, the microscopic optical potential is comparable to a global phenomenological optical potential by fitting the presently existing measured data.
The spin-isospin decomposition of the nuclear symmetry energy from low to high density *
Authors: Guo Wenmei , Colonna M. , Greco V. , Lombardo U. , Schulze H.-J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The energy per particle BA
in nuclear matter is calculated up to high baryon density in the whole isospin asymmetry range from symmetric matter to pure neutron matter. The results, obtained in the framework of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation with two- and three-body forces, confirm the well-known parabolic dependence on the asymmetry parameter β = (N − Z)/A (β
2law) that is valid in a wide density range. To investigate the extent to which this behavior can be traced back to the properties of the underlying interaction, aside from the mean field approximation, the spin-isospin decomposition of BA
is performed. Theoretical indications suggest that the β
2law could be violated at higher densities as a consequence of the three-body forces. This raises the problem that the symmetry energy, calculated according to the β
2law as a difference between BA
in pure neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter, cannot be applied to neutron stars. One should return to the proper definition of the nuclear symmetry energy as a response of the nuclear system to small isospin imbalance from the Z = N nuclei and pure neutron matter.
Possible scenarios of transition to the closed nuclear fuel cycle
Authors: Alekseev P N , Gurin A V , Subbotin S A , Zilberman B Ya , Kovalev N V 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This work is devoted to the comparative analysis of various scenarios of transition to introduction of the closed nuclear fuel cycle and sodium fast reactors in nuclear power of Russia. The analysis of the permissible scale of introduction of water-water power reactors and fast sodium reactors into the Russian nuclear power system was carried out taking into account the estimated reserves of natural uranium, the expected volumes of spent nuclear fuel from both national and foreign nuclear power plants and the quantity of plutonium available for the introduction of fast sodium reactors. The rate of growth in the capacity of the nuclear power system is not yet high, the resources of natural uranium seem significant, the natural uranium mining facilities and the amount of depleted uranium have not yet been classified as encumbrances. In the current situation, the practical solution to the problems of closing the nuclear fuel cycle and transition to the trajectory of development of nuclear energy as a system that meets in the future the requirements of sustainable development and energy security can already be started with the use of mixed uranium-plutonium oxide fuel in combination with fuel from enriched regenerated uranium in existing water-water power reactors and in BN-800. This step is the most promising in terms of minimizing contradictions between the existing legal and institutional framework, allowing the development of closed fuel cycle technology and reducing the amount of spent nuclear fuel. Based on the assessment of the technical and economic characteristics of various scenarios for the long-term development of the two- component nuclear power system in Russia, several possibilities for reducing the cost of implementing the transition stage from open to closed nuclear fuel cycle.