bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Amide Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Cai Yongchen , Chen Xiuying , Xu Hujun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the present study, three amide Gemini surfactants of different chain lengths were synthesized, namely N,N-bis-dodecyl-2,6-pyridinium dimethylamide propionate sodium (DLP-12), N,N-bis-tetradecyl-2,6-pyridinium dimethylamide propionate sodium (DLP-14) and N,N-bis-hexadecyl-2,6-pyridinium dimethylamide propionate sodium (DLP-16). Their chemical compositions and structures were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. Moreover, tensiometry, Langmuir monolayer and conductivity measurements were performed to investigate the micellization and chemical surface properties of the surfactants. The results of the characterization proved that the synthesis of DLP-12, DLP-14 and DLP-16 was successful. Among the investigated surfactants DLP-16 had optimum properties such as a higher emulsification ability as well as a lower surface tension. Furthermore, by calculating the critical packing parameter (CPP), the aggregation morphology of the DLP-12, DLP-14 and DLP-16 was also predicated in this study.
A Comparative Spectral Study on the Interaction of Organic Dye Congo-Red with Selective Aqueous Micellar Media of CPC, Rhamnolipids and Saponin
Authors: Pal Aniruddha , Garain Amit , Chowdhury Deep , Mondal Monohar Hossain , Saha Bidyut 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present study is an investigation of the solubilising ability of natural and conventional surfactants saponin (sapindus saponin or reetha saponin), Rhamnolipids (RLs) and N-cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) respectively via dye-surfactant interaction. The ionic dye Congo Red was examined by absorption spectroscopy method for the study. The dye interacted strongly with oppositely charged surfactant N-cetylpyridinium chloride in the pre-micellar concentration range and formed a stable dye-surfactant complex. The thermodynamic parameter, free energy change for all the systems was calculated at a constant temperature of 25°C. The ΔG0 value for N-cetylpyridinium chloride is found to be −33.269 kJ/mol while for saponin and rhamnolipids the values were −16.084 kJ/mol and −26.006 kJ/mol respectively. The values clearly indicate the efficiency of N-cetylpyridinium chloride surfactant compared to the other two surfactants. The present study aims to understand the dye solubilization in surfactant media in order to develop environmentally friendly, green and cost effective techniques.
The concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in colostrum, milk and plasma of cows
Authors: Pan’kiv A. V. , Simonov M. R. 
Published: September 2020

Milk contains key nutrients in optimal proportions, which makes it to be an important component of the human diet. Despite the fact that consumers receive with milk a significant amount of readily available nutrients, milk can be a source of dangerous factors of chemical and biological origin. The level of physiological hormones found in milk is not a limiting factor and is studied solely for scientific purposes. However, milk hormones can have a negative effect on the health of consumers. Based on this, the aim of this work was to study the concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in colostrum, milk and blood plasma of cows at different stages of lactation. The secretion of the mammary gland and blood plasma of cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, in their 2nd–5th lactations with milk yield 5100–5700 kg of milk per previous lactation was the object of the study. The concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was investigated in withdrawn samples. The obtained data indicates that the highest level of secretion of iodine-containing thyroid hormones with milk is observed on 1st–4th days of lactation. Thereafter, the concentration of hormones in milk statistically significant decreases by 2.8–3-fold (P ˂ 0.001) till 30–40th day of lactation. The high concentration of iodine-containing hormones in colostrum allows to enhance metabolic processes in calves. Studies of the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood plasma of cows showed a gradual increase from the beginning of lactation till 10th–14th and then till 30th–40th days of lactation. By 10th–14th days we observed 2.2-fold growth of triiodothyronine level (P ˂ 0.001), and till 30th–40th days this parameter has increased by another 12.5 %. The level of thyroxine on 10th–14th days of lactation was higher, compared to such in the beginning of lactation by 62.2 % (P ˂ 0.001), and by 30th–40th day increase was by 40.9 %. The main reasons for such changes are the formation of lactation dominant, the discharge of hormones secreted by the breast and the stimulation of metabolic processes during lactation. The prospects of further research lie in investigation of the dependence of triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in the secretion of the mammary gland on productivity, breed, age and diet of animals.
Age dynamics of infestation of dogs Ctenocephalides spp.
Authors: Yevstafieva V. О. , Horb K. O. 
Published: September 2020

The ectoparasites Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis are distributed worldwide and are the most common species of fleas that parasitize domestic carnivores. As active vectors of infectious and invasive diseases, fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides are of great epidemiological importance. Intensive growth of the number of dogs, violation of sanitary and hygienic conditions of their keeping, especially in large cities, as well as global warming significantly affect the epizootic situation regarding ctenocephalidosis. The aim of the work was to study the features of age susceptibility of domestic dogs in the city of Poltava (Ukraine) to Ctenocephalides spp. Indicators of infestation of animals with the causative agent of ctenocephalidosis depending on their age and housing conditions were determined. Studies have shown that dogs of any age are prone to flea infestation. Ctenocephalidosis is diagnosed in animals of all ages. At the same time, the age dynamics of defeat of dogs by parasitic insects under different conditions of their keeping differed significantly. The average extensity and intensity of the invasion was lower in animals kept in apartments (26.47 %, 10.82 specimens/head) compared to animals kept in the private sector (76.21 %, 22.71 specimens/head). The highest rates of flea infestation of the genus Ctenocephalides were found in dogs aged one to six years (37.10–45.45 %; 10.45–15.91 specimens/head) – for housing, as well as in young animals up to 12 month of age (84.03–90.36 %; 22.78–32.56 specimens/head) – for aviary maintenance. Less infested were dogs under 6 months of age (11.26 %; 5.43 specimens/head) and older 6-year-olds (16.28 %; 8.54 specimens/head) – for housing, as well as dogs aged one to six years (53.54–75.38 %; 11.63–20.24 specimens/head) – for aviary keeping. The results obtained regarding the age dynamics of infestation of domestic dogs with fleas of the genus Ctenocephalides can be taken into account when carrying out measures to control and prevent ctenocephalidosis in dogs under different conditions of their content.
Especialización y competitividad en el sector agrícola mexicano: caso fresa
Authors: Bustamante Lara Tzatzil Isela , Vargas Canales Juan Manuel , Díaz Sánchez Fernanda , Rosas Vargas Rocío 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Medir el nivel de competitividad en la producción de fresas en México para el periodo de 1980 a 2019 y con ello, generar estrategias que tengan un impacto positivo en el aumento de la especialización
Diseño/metodología/enfoque: la metodología consiste en la aplicación de tres indicadores relacionados con la competitividad y especialización a nivel macroeconómico y mesoeconómico como lo son: el cociente de localización, el Indicador de Especialización Internacional de Lafay y, el Índice de Ventaja Comercial Revelada de las Exportaciones para el periodo que comprende de 1980 a 2017, para cada uno de los estados de la república mexicana y en comparación con Estados Unidos.
Resultados: la producción de fresas en México es especializada ya que cuenta con ventajas comparativas que los diferentes estados aprovechan y las cuales permiten al país, posicionandose como exportador neto y con un importante grado de importancia dentro de las exportaciones de fresa del país hacia el mercado Estadounidense.
Limitaciones en el estudio/implicaciones: no se encontraron limitaciones en termino de los datos obtenidos de las fuentes de información secundaria necesarios para la aplicación de la metodología. Sin embargo, los resultados se limitan al análisis de un solo aspecto que impacta en la competitividad tal como lo es el comercio y sería interesante estudiar más variables que impactan a la especialización y por ende mejoran la competitividad.
Hallazgos/conclusiones: a pesar, de los resultados favorables en el calculo de los indicadores es necesario aplicar estrategias que favorezcan el incremento en la especialización y competitividad de la producción de fresas en México e incrementen la rentabilidad de los productores.
Reguladores de crescimento na cultura do algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Rossi Ana Carolina Marinho , Souza Elen Regina Cáceres de , Silva Matheus Gustavo da 
Published: September 2020

A aplicação adequada de reguladores de crescimento no manejo do algodoeiro permite maior controle do crescimento vegetativo, interferindo positivamente na produtividade da cultura. Objetivou-se comparar os efeitos de níveis de reguladores de crescimento vegetal aplicados no algodoeiro. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul - UUA, com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x4, cujos tratamentos foram compostos por dois reguladores de crescimento (cloreto de mepiquat e cloreto de clormequat) aplicados em quatro níveis (0 mL; 100 mL; 200 mL e 300 mL por hectare do produto comercial), com quatro repetições. As aplicações foram parceladas em 4 etapas (25% da respectiva dose total em cada uma delas). A primeira aplicação foi feita quando as plantas atingiram 50 cm de altura média (estádio fenológico B1). As aplicações subsequentes foram realizadas quando as plantas apresentaram média de comprimento dos cinco últimos entrenós da haste principal, igual ou superior a 3,5 centímetros. O cloreto de mepiquat proporciona redução na altura de plantas, menor diâmetro da haste e maior estande de plantas. Para ambos os reguladores, o nível de 200 mL ha 1-1 do p.c promove menores alturas de plantas e diâmetros da haste. O aumento dos níveis dos reguladores resulta em menores produtividades de algodão em caroço e redução no número de capulhos abertos por planta. A massa de 100 sementes, a produtividade e o rendimento de fibra não são afetados pelo uso dos reguladores em diferentes níveis.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI KECEPATAN PUTARAN BLOWER TERHADAP KINERJA KOLEKTOR PANAS TENAGA SURYA PELAT TEMBAGA DENGAN SEKAT VERTIKAL
Authors: Rahmanto Raden Hengki , . Firmansyah , Majanasastra Raden Bagus Suryasa 
Published: September 2020

The availability of energy resources in the world increasingly diminish. More scientist is questing other renewable resources. The solar air heater is a tool that used energy by absorbing solar radiation then convert into heat energy.
The study tried to have some variations to the speed of the air flow rate with spin 2500 rpm, 3000 rpm and 3500 rpm and give vertical partitions to it.The aim of giving vertical partitions is to know the influence to the heat transfer rate and the efficiency value of it.
The result of this study is the speed variations of the blower take effect to the heat transfer rate. This is shown from the study data for 5 days, the average value of the heat of the system at 3500 rpm rotation is 341.6 Watts, 3000 rpm rotation value 305.7 Watt, and 2500 rpm rotation value 249.3 Watt. The average value of efficiency at 3500 rpm is 49.60%, 3000 rpm rotation is 43.22% and at 2500 rpm the value is 37.33%. The highest system heat is 535.79 Watt with the highest delta input and output temperature of 49.7 ℃. While the highest heat absorber is 1280.15 Watt with the highest light intensity, which is 140100 Lux. With a variety of rotation speeds blower and vertical partitions, this tool is capable of producing the highest efficiency of 67.95%, and the lowest is 24.85%.
PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR HARDENING TERHADAP MECHANICAL PROPERTIES PADA BAJA S45C UNTUK KOMPONEN GRIPER
Authors: Windarto Wahyu , Mahfud Muhamad Irham , Wibowo Supriyanto 
Published: September 2020

Baja S45C merupakan jenis baja “Medium Carbon Steel” (0.3-0.5% C). Dalam bidang percetakan, beberapa komponen terbuat dari baja S45C misalnya griper, griper merupakan suatu komponen utama yang digunakan untuk menjepit dan memindahkan kertas pada saat proses cetak, gesekan yang di timbulkan oleh griper akan berdampak terhadap keausan dan perubahan bentuk dari griper dan juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hasil cetak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian terhadap pengaruh variasi temperatur hardening terhadap mechanical propesties pada baja S45C dengan 3 macam pengujian meliputi pengujian kekerasan, pengujian tarik dan pengujian struktur mikro. Dengan variasi suhu hardening 820 °C, 840 °C, 860 °C ditahan dalam waktu 50 menit kemudian di quenching dengan media pendingin berupa oli,kemudian di tempering dengan dengan suhu 500°C ditahan selama 40 menit kemudian di dinginkan dengan suhu ruang. Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Hasil pengujian kekerasan, kekerasan yang paling tinggi di peroleh pada spesimen 4 dengan kode spesimen 860°C/500°C nilai kekerasan sebesar 233.31 HB. Hasil pengujian tarik, kuat tarik yang paling tinggi ada pada spesimen 6 dengan kode 860°C/500°C (A) kuat tarik sebesar 86 kg/mm² jenis patahan yang terjadi adalah patah ulet. Hasil pengujian struktur mikro, tidak terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan antar spesimen karena selisih suhu hardening antar spesimen tidak begitu jauh, fasa yang terlihat pada pengujian struktur mikro di dominasi oleh fasa pearlite dan ferit. Hasil dari pengujian ini, baja S45C yang terbaik untuk komponen griper adalah baja S45C yang telah melalui proses hardening dengan suhu 860°C ditahan selama 50 menit lalu di quenching dengan media pendingin oli kemudian di tempering dengan suhu 500°C ditahan selama 40 menit kemudian di dinginkan dengan suhu ruang. Hasil pengujian kekerasan yang diperoleh paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 233,31 HB dan hasil uji tarik mendapatkan nilai yang cukup tinggi yaitu kekuatan tarik sebesar 86 kg/mm², batas luluh sebesar 57 kg/mm², regangan sebesar 20,52 %, Jenis patahan yang terjadi adalah patah ulet.
DUA BELAS TEKNIK IKAT KONSTRUKSI KAYU PADA RUMAH VERNAKULAR TOLAKI
Authors: Wijaya Putra , Umar Muhammad Zakaria , Arsyad Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

The technique of binding wood construction in Tolaki vernacular houses tends to fade due to esotericism. This research is important as follows: (1) to uncover and preserve Tolaki's architectural identity in the form of wood-binding techniques; (2) to enrich the Southeast Sulawesi architecture literature in particular and Indonesian architecture in general. This research is intended to formulate the wood construction binding technique in Tolaki vernacular house. This research uses a case study method with a qualitative approach. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data. This research uses triangulation data collection techniques. The method of data analysis is carried out by means of information organized, information and codefication studied, cases and contexts described, findings interpreted, and findings presented narratively. The study concluded that the construction of wood in the Tolaki vernacular house consisted of 12 (twelve) connective techniques as follows: first, peusu temomo, peusu kinalase, peusu pinewa’a, peusu pinepuhe, peusu niranggia, and peusu tundo ndowaea are included in the category of cross ties; second, peusu kinalili and peusu pinekalo are included in the category of dead cross ties; third, peusu pinepuhu, peusu sinemba, peusu mbekale, and peusu sinemba aso hara are included in the category of mobile cross ties.
Wildlife Ungulate Rescue and Emergency Services in the Pisa Area (Tuscany, Italy): Evaluation of a 9-Years Period (2010–2018)
Authors: Pacini Maria Irene , Bonelli Francesca , Briganti Angela , Citi Simonetta , Perrucci Stefania , Papini Roberto Amerigo , Sgorbini Micaela 
Published: September 2020

Background: We analyzed the clinical data of wildlife ungulates admitted for emergency care to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pisa over a 9-years period.Methods: Clinical data of all the wildlife ungulates admitted to the VTH were recorded. Blood samples were also taken from the animals for hematological and biochemical analysis. An assessment of ecto- and endoparasites was carried out, diagnostic imaging assessment was performed, and the outcomes were recorded.Results: Data concerning clinical parameters, blood work, parasitological analysis, and diagnostic imaging diagnosis were expressed as prevalence.Conclusion: The rescue and emergency treatments were related mostly to traumas caused by car accidents, followed by other causes. The traumatic injuries were mostly severe, characterized by multiple lesions involving hard and soft tissues. In this study, traffic accidents were the main cause of wildlife rescue and emergency management. This is probably due to the increased population of ungulates over the years, along with the considerable anthropization of the Pisa area.
DETERMINAN KEJADIAN KETUBAN PECAH DINI DI RSUD M. ANSARI SALEH BANJARMASIN
Authors: Wulandatika Darmayanti 
Published: September 2020

Latar Belakang: Menurut laporan World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2014 beberapa negara memiliki AKI cukup tinggi seperti Afrika Sub-Saharan 179.000 jiwa, Asia Selatan 69.000 jiwa, dan Asia Tenggara 16.000 jiwa (WHO, 2015). Indikator ini tidak hanya mampu menilai program kesehatan ibu, terlebih lagi mampu menilai derajat kesehatan masyarakat, karena sensitifitasnya terhadap perbaikan pelayanan kesehatan, baik dari sisi aksesibilitas maupun kualitas. AKI di Indonesia menurut Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012sebesar 359 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup meningkat dibandingkan hasil SDKI tahun 2007 yaitu 228 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (Kemenkes RI, 2015).
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional . Baik variabel bebas maupun variabel terikat diukur menurut keadaan atau statusnya pada waktu diobservasi. Penelitian cross-sectional ini merupakan salah satu studi observasional, dimana peneliti mencari hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat dengan melakukan pengukuran sesaat.
Hasil: Kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini di RSUD M. Ansari Saleh terbanyak adalah kejadian ketuban pecah dini pada usia kehamilan aterm. Dan kejadiannya mayoritas terjadi pada ibu hamil aterm dengan penyulit lain. Faktor kejadian Ketuban Pecah Dini di RSUD M. Ansari Saleh yang paling tinggi kekuatan hubungannya adalah komplikasi KPD dengan penyulit lain.
Kesimpulan: Pelayanan kesehatan dapat mengupayakan upaya preventif kejadian KPD dengan deteksi dini komplikasi kehamilan di pelayanan primer. Bagi penanggung jawab RSUD M. Ansari Saleh diharapkan dapat meningkatkan upaya penanganan komplikasi khususnya KPD. Bagi institusi pendidikan di harapkan terus melakukan penelitian terkait untuk pengembangan upaya pencegahan komplikasi maternal.
Kata kunci : Ketuban, Pecah, Dini
POLA ASUH DEMOKRATIF MEMBANTU KEMAMPUAN PERKEMBANGAN PADA ANAK GEMUK USIA 2-5 TAHUN
Authors: Wulandari Wulandari 
Published: September 2020

Latar belakang: Pola asuh demokratis yang dilakukan orang tua dapat membantu anak melakukan tugas perkembangan sesuai usianya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pola asuh yang dilakukan ibu serta perkembangan pada anak gemuk usia 2-5 tahun.
Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel penelitian seluruh anak gemuk usia 2-5 tahun di wialayah kerja Puskesmas Kalasan (n=160).
Hasil: Pola asuh demokratif memiliki nilai OR (2.37 [0.69-8.15]). Nilai R2 sebesar 0.147. Kesimpulan: Pola asuh demokratif menurunkan risiko terjadinya suspek perkembangan sebesar 2 kali. Stimulasi, pola asuh, umur dan pendidikan ibu memiliki peluang terhadap terjadinya suspek perkembangan anak gemuk usia 2-5 tahun sebesar 14.7%.
THE STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSION ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF MATERNITY CARE “WOMEN CENTERED CARE” BASED ON THE REPORT OF CONTINUITY OF CARE (COC)
Authors: Masdiputri Rr Sri Nuriaty 
Published: September 2020

Background: The mortality rate of maternal woman in Indonesia has significantly increased reaching 359 per 100.000 live births. One solution to decrease the number of mortality rate of maternal woman is through high quality maternity care. The qualified midwifes come from a standard of education based on the philosophy of maternity care. Continuity care (COC)maternal clinic model of learning is proven in giving wide chances for the student to learn the philosophy.
Objectives: reveals the level and form of students’ comprehension toward the maternity care “woman centered care”philosophy, the application of PKK-CoC, and the quality of maternity careCoC in STIKES Estu Utomo Boyolali.
Method: this study is carried under mixed method and sequential explanatory strategy. The quatitative parts are fulfilled by the use of analitic descriptive design, while the quantitative side is carried under case study design. The population and sample of this study is 55 students of STIKES Estu Utomo Boyolali who have taken PKK-CoC. The sample for qualitative design is taken using mixed purposive sampling which are criterion and intensity sampling.
Result: qualitatively, students overall comprehension is good. However, the documentation of maternity carein partnership care is still ineffective. Quantitatively, students overall comprehension on personalized care, holistic care, collaborative care, and evidence based care is also good. Partnership care is the only aspect considered in effective.
Conclusion: the maternitycare continuity of care shows that client and family are in good heatlth, all the caregiven shows zero mortality rate, client fells safe and comfortable, and client has correct and fast care. It is also found that students’ confidence, skills, and comprehension are increased. It is suggested that the stakeholder can include the PKK-CoC model into curriculum of midwife education
A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIAL OF GUATTERIA GAUMERI MOTHER TINCTURE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Parveen Kumar Sharma Parveen Kumar Sharma , Siva Rami Reddy E Siva Rami Reddy E 
Published: September 2020

Aim: Guatteria gaumeri has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. In the present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial is the efficacy of guatteria gaumeri mother tincture in hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the treatment and placebo.
Methods: 30 patients in the treatment group took guatteria gaumeri mother tincture; whereas the patients in the placebo group took placebo mother tincture for 12 weeks. The lipid profiles of the patients were evaluated at baseline, and after 6 and 12 weeks of the clinical trial.
Results: The final results showed that guatteria gaumeri mother tincture significantly p-value 0.05 and improved LDL, HDL, cholesterol, compared to the placebo group. The guatteria gaumeri showed an inhibitory effect on hepatic enzymes and possible liver toxicity. No serious side effect was reported for guatteria gaumeri mother tincture administration. Therefore, guatteria gaumeri mother tincture could be considered as a supplement for the treatment of dyslipidemia.