bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus With Hypoglycaemic Unawareness
Authors: Agarwal Gaurav , Cross Sarah 
Published: July 2020

The primary indications for ICT in T1DM are glycaemic lability and hypoglycaemia unawareness.

ICT is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for stabilising glycaemic control, correcting hypoglycaemia unawareness and improving quality of life even when exogenous insulin-independence is not fully achieved. However, the majority of patients require two islet transplants.

The need for lifelong immunosuppression, in combination with the limited availability of donor pancreases, currently limits the wider application of ICT, particularly in the treatment of children newly diagnosed with T1DM.

New technologies, including macro- and micro-encapsulation, xenotransplantation and stem cell-derived b cells offer hope for the future of b cell replacement. Yet, until then, a continued focus on optimising donor pancreases, improving the islet isolation procedure, use of novel immunosuppression, and understanding the mechanisms behind graft loss is required.
Preventing Hernia Recurrence: Optimising Mesh Use in Incisional Hernia Repair
Authors: Goldblatt Lily , Merchant Julia 
Published: July 2020

Incisional hernia is a common complication of abdominal surgery, affecting up to a quarter of patients undergoing laparotomy. This case report discusses a 72-year-old lady with a recurrent incisional hernia following an emergency Hartman’s procedure. The discussion covers the properties of synthetic vs biological meshes, the significance of the anatomical location of the mesh, fixation methods, laparoscopic surgery, short and long term complications.
Key points:

The ideal mesh is biocompatible, strong, resistant to infection, has minimal bioreactivity and non-immunogenic
Pore size is important to the degree of mesh integration, infection risk and the development of chronic pain
Synthetic mesh is useful in contaminated cases but adds a significant cost to the procedure
Sublay mesh placement is associated with a reduced risk of recurrence
Most recurrences occur at the edge of the mesh. Surgeons should ensure a 5cm overlap between the mesh and native tissues and consider dual fixation methods
Laparoscopic hernia repair has been associated with a shorter post-op recovery, less pain and a short term reduced risk of recurrence, however there is a greater risk of bowel injury and development of adhesions
Composite meshes can reduce the risk of adhesions with intraperitoneal mesh placement
Chronic pain is associated with the use of tacks, heavy weight synthetic meshes and chronic infection
Resorbable meshes have not been shown to reduce chronic pain
The choice of mesh, method of repair and surgical approach should be individualised to the patient.
Persistent Starspot Signals on M Dwarfs: Multiwavelength Doppler Observations with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder and Keck/HIRES
Authors: Robertson Paul , Stefansson Gudmundur , Mahadevan Suvrath , Endl Michael , Cochran William D. , Beard Corey , Bender Chad F. , Diddams Scott A. , Duong Nicholas , Ford Eric B. , Fredrick Connor , Halverson Samuel , Hearty Fred , Holcomb Rae , Juan Lydia , Kanodia Shubham , Lubin Jack , Metcalf Andrew J. , Monson Andrew , Ninan Joe P. , Palafoutas Jonathan , Ramsey Lawrence W. , Roy Arpita , Schwab Christian , Terrien Ryan C. , Wright Jason T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Young, rapidly rotating M dwarfs exhibit prominent starspots, which create quasiperiodic signals in their photometric and Doppler spectroscopic measurements. The periodic Doppler signals can mimic radial velocity (RV) changes expected from orbiting exoplanets. Exoplanets can be distinguished from activity-induced false positives by the chromaticity and long-term incoherence of starspot signals, but these qualities are poorly constrained for fully convective M stars. Coherent photometric starspot signals on M dwarfs may persist for hundreds of rotations, and the wavelength dependence of starspot RV signals may not be consistent between stars due to differences in their magnetic fields and active regions. We obtained precise multiwavelength RVs of four rapidly rotating M dwarfs (AD Leo, G227-22, GJ 1245B, GJ 3959) using the near-infrared (NIR) Habitable-zone Planet Finder and the optical Keck/HIRES spectrometer. Our RVs are complemented by photometry from Kepler, TESS, and the Las Cumbres Observatory network of telescopes. We found that all four stars exhibit large spot-induced Doppler signals at their rotation periods, and investigated the longevity and optical-to-NIR chromaticity for these signals. The phase curves remain coherent much longer than is typical for Sunlike stars. Their chromaticity varies, and one star (GJ 3959) exhibits optical and NIR RV modulation consistent in both phase and amplitude. In general, though, we find that the NIR amplitudes are lower than their optical counterparts. We conclude that starspot modulation for rapidly rotating M stars frequently remains coherent for hundreds of stellar rotations and gives rise to Doppler signals that, due to this coherence, may be mistaken for exoplanets.
Agreement Between Two Optical Biometers Based on Large Coherence Length SS-OCT and Scheimpflug Imaging/Partial Coherence Interferometry
Authors: Tu Ruixue , Yu Jinjin , Savini Giacomo , Ye Junming , Ning Rui , Xiong Jie , Chen Sisi , Huang Jinhai 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the agreement between measurements obtained with a new optical biometer (Argos; Movu Inc) using large coherence length swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and those obtained with an optical biometer with a rotating Scheimpflug camera, combined with partial coherence interferometry (PCI) (Pentacam AXL; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) in adults.

METHODS:

The following measurements were examined and evaluated: axial length, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), mean keratometry, J
0
and J
45
vectors, and corneal diameter. Measurements with the two biometers were conducted in triplicate per instrument in a random order by the same examiner. Paired
t
tests were employed to compare the difference between the two devices. The Bland-Altman method was implemented to assess their agreement.

RESULTS:

A total of 145 patients were enrolled in the study. The differences between the Scheimpflug/PCI–based biometer and the SS-OCT biometer were as follows: −0.02 ± 0.05 mm for axial length, 1.15 ± 5.79 µm for CCT, −0.04 ± 0.04 mm for ACD, −0.28 ± 0.16 diopters (D) for mean keratometry, 0.01 ± 0.11 D for J
0
, −0.02 ± 0.10 D for J
45
, and −1.03 ± 0.62 mm for corneal diameter. Bland-Altman plots showed narrow ranges in axial length, CCT, ACD, mean keratometry, and J
0
and J
45
, which implied excellent agreement between the two biometers. Corneal diameter displayed poor agreement, with a 95% limits of agreement ranging from −2.25 to 0.19 mm.

CONCLUSIONS:
Excellent agreement was established between the measurements provided by the new optical biometer based on SS-OCT and the optical biometer using Scheimpflug imaging and PCI, except for corneal diameter.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(7):459–465.]
UN'IPOTESI SU DI UN PERSONAGGIO DI SAMUEL BECKETT
Authors: Bellini Amedeo 
Published: July 2020

In the drama by Samuel Beckett En attendant Godot the real protagonist is never on the stage, he is simply the long-awaited one who never arrives: it is not even known if he really exists or if he is only a fantasy of those who on the stage converse about nothing waiting for who they know will never come. It has been much debated on the name Godot: reference to God suggesting various meanings, reference to real personages met by Beckett and much more. Here it is hypothesized a possible link with a character of Honoré de Balzac, a Godeau, he himself an absentee recalled who finally, without appearing on the stage, arrives as deus ex machina and rescues the protagonist from a difficult situation. Perhaps a metaphor for the contrast between the providential optimism of the nineteenth century and the scepticism of the twentieth century.
Square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Hg(II) with N-p- chlorophenylcinnamohydroxamic acid modified carbon paste electrode
Authors: Alemayehu Denekew , Chandravanshi Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi , Hailu Tesfu , Tessema Merid 
Published: July 2020

A new method has been developed for the electrochemical determination of Hg(II) with N-p-chlorophenylcinnamohydroxamic acid (CPCHA) modified carbon paste electrode by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Hg(II) was accumulated on the electrode surface by the formation of the complex in an open circuit and the resulting surface was characterized by electrochemical reduction and stripping. The optimum voltammetric response was observed using a carbon paste composition of 7.5% (w/w) CPCHA and preconcentration time of 210 s in 0.1 M sodium acetate at pH 8 followed by electrochemical SWASV in 0.3 M NH4Cl solution at pH 4 at a reduction potential of -0.6 V. The voltammetric signals were linear in the range of 1-25 µM Hg(II) with a detection limit of 12.9 nM. The voltammetric response for six replicate measurements of 15 µM Hg(II) was reproduced with 3.8% relative standard deviation (RSD). Many coexisting metal ions had little or no effect on the determination of Hg(II). Five spiked samples of water were evaluated by using the developed method giving recoveries of Hg(II) in the range 98-105%.

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 25-39.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.3
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Utilization in a Ghanaian Teaching Hospital: Trend and Policy Implications
Authors: Mensah Yaw B. , Mensah Kwadwo , Gbadamosi Hafisatu , Mensah Naa A. 
Published: July 2020

Background: The use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is new in Ghana compared with some Western countries.A number of studies have observed increased MRI utilization due to increased sensitivity to diagnosis, and the paradigm shift to modalities that do not use radiation. Challenges with MRI use include high cost of the examination and inappropriate requests by referring clinicians.
Objective: To determine the MRI utilisation trend in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana and its policy implications.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study undertaken in the Radiology Department, KBTH, from February to March, 2017. Eight hundred and forty request forms for MRI studies between January, 2013 and December 2016 were reviewed. Information on patient’s age and sex, number of MRI studies done, body parts and clinical conditions evaluated, appropriateness of clinical requests and existing policies on MRI in Ghana was gathered. Measures of central tendency and spread were obtained. Chi square, Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analysis were also used in the analysis.
Results: The top three body parts requested were Spine (55 %), Brain (19%) and Joints (6 %); degenerative disease was the most common clinical condition evaluated.Significant association and correlation were obtained between of the number of body parts evaluated and examination year as well as the variety of clinical conditions requested and examination year.
Conclusion: A progressive increase was noted in MRI utilisation both in number and diversity but no policy guiding MRI use in Ghana exists.
A call to action for osteoporosis research in sub-saharan Africa Yacoba Atiase and Akuffo Quarde
Authors: Atiase Yacoba , Quarde Akuffo 
Published: July 2020

Data abounds on osteoporosis in developed countries unlike developing countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa. This review was done to confirm the paucity of data the authors suspected and to encourage studies in this field. AJOL (African Journals Online), MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published from January 1980 to August 2018. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were observational studies evaluating osteoporosis prevalence or incidence rates of fragility fractures. Out of 1,170 articles identified, six met the eligibility criteria.
Prevalence of osteoporosis ranged from 18.2% to 65.8% across a heterogenous at-risk population. Bone mineral density assessment was limited by the measurement method, with most studies using quantitative ultrasound instead of standard bone densitometry.
From the available studies, the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fracture incidence may not be low in Sub-Saharan Africa; what is, however, evident is the paucity of good quality data from this region. Considering an expected aging population in sub-Saharan Africa, future research should be encouraged and aimed at clarifying the burden of this non-communicable disease. This will guide healthcare policy in this medically underserved part of Africa.
Keywords: osteoporosis, incidence, prevalence, hip fracture, fragility fracture
Funding: None declared
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) Approach across Curriculum in Science Classrooms: Are the English Language Use and Learning Reveal?
Authors: Deswila Nurhamsi , Kustati Martin , Besral Besral , Sukandi Syayid Sandi 
Published: July 2020

The study aims to reveal the implementation CLIL approach in improving studentsâ€™ English language use and learning in the science classroom.Â A descriptive study was employed where data were collected using observation and interview to two classes at of Private Islamic Boarding in West Sumatera. The students for CLIL Strategy are the first grade of junior high school at science classrooms. The result of the research revealed that the use of the CLIL strategy across the curriculum is an effective strategy to develop English language use and learning. The pedagogical implications of the study for the EFL students in science classrooms include the need for teachers to consider underlying theories of teaching English in EFL context taking into account studentsâ€™ constraints; a focus on the various types of studentsâ€™ English ability and consider studentsâ€™ interest in topic selection; teachers to be aware of the significance of the relationship between their attitude and background in classroom practice; teachers to be trained formally on the implementation of the CLIL Strategy.
Imagens da natação para a formação da consciência de si
Authors: Sobral Anna Clara Souza , Peres Nélio Borges 
Published: July 2020

Buscamos ouvir diálogos entre a natação e a consciência de si (acopladas a maquinas) sobre a relação corpo e alma. Diálogos entre uma tradição que pensa a mente humana como parte da natureza orgânica enquanto aborda o inorgânico no meio liquido. Através de analogias com o nado, compreendemos a ideia de formação como uma arte de viver em tempo líquido. Na pesquisa de campo, a fenomenologia ajudou abordar valores do espaço interior das pessoas que nadam. Solicitamos que alunos de natação escrevessem uma carta para responder a pergunta “O que você sente quando nada?” Observamos relatos que indicam que ao colocar o corpo na água e perder o chão debaixo dos pés, o sujeito pode se tornar capaz de entrar em contato consigo mesmo, de modo que a natação não é somente aprender e vivenciar os quatros estilos competitivos, mas conscientização e meditação.
EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN FIQIH BERBASIS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Authors: Syamsiah Nur  
Published: July 2020

Idealnya pembelajaran Agama Islam diberikan dalam pola integrative atau tematik. Karena dengan pola ini, pemahaman anak akan ajaran-ajaran agama Islam akan utuh tidak fragmentatif seperti selama ini. Perlu ada kesadaran bersama untuk melakukan rekonstruksi kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam di lingkungan Madrasah Tsanawiyah dan Aliyah. Efek sederhana dari pola pembelajaran fragmentatif ini adalah tidak adanya kesadaran beragama paripurna karena secara psikis anak sudah mengalami split personalitiy. Terdapat standar ganda dalam pola pikir dan pemahaman anak bahwa tiap nama pelajaran agama Islam adalah terbebas dari yang lainnya. Padahal sama sekali tidak. Namun ini bukan berarti pembelajaran agama Islam di sekolah-sekolah non-madrasah bisa dibenarkan sepenuhnya. Karena meski dengan satu nama, pola pikirnya tetap fragmentatif.
Multiple Intelligences atau Kecerdasan Majemuk (KM) menawarkan kepada kita perspektif baru memandang anak didik sekaligus pada saat yang sama membantu membangunkan “raksasa tidur” otak mereka. Multiple Intelligences atau kecerdasan majemuk telah membuka perspektif baru tentang bentuk kecerdasan. Dengan teori ini kita yakin bahwa semua anak didik kita dilahirkan untuk menjadi juara.
Kata Kunci: Multiple Intelligences
Archéologie du monde de la vie et phénoménologie de la corporéité chez Jan Patočka
Authors: Zincq Aurélien 
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence la façon dont la phénoménologie de la corporéité, développée dans ses derniers textes par le philosophe tchèque Jan Patocka, peut être envisagée comme l’ultime étape de l’archéologie de la Lebenswelt telle qu’elle a été pensée par Edmund Husserl et réélaborée par Martin Heidegger. Suivant cette hypothèse exégétique et philosophique, une phénoménologie du corps vivant peut seule être considérée comme une tentative sérieuse pour résoudre le conflit entre les images « manifeste » et « scientifique » du monde. La particularité de la phénoménologie du corps propre de Patočka est d’accentuer la connexion entre la notion de sens, la dimension affective de l’expérience humaine et la nécessité de tenir compte du point de vue de la corporéité dans l’expérience.
David Hume et les règles générales
Authors: Lapidus André 
Published: July 2020

Cet article soutient la thèse selon laquelle les règles générales que Hume introduit dans le Traité de la nature humaine (THN 1.3.15) constituent un dispositif de sélection des inférences inductives écartant deux sources d’inefficacités : (i) d’origine émotionnelle, qui réduirait le malaise face à l’éventualité d’une faille dans l’uniformité de la nature ; (ii) d’origine cognitive, qui tolèrerait les possibles débordements de l’imagination sur le jugement. Un consensus grandissant depuis quelques décennies fait apparaître à la base de ce dispositif la distinction entre deux sortes de règles — extensives et correctives. Alors que les premières permettent de dépasser une expérience singulière pour en dériver une inférence de plus large portée, les secondes, dont la maîtrise oppose le philosophe au vulgaire, contrôlent et rectifient les effets des seules règles extensives, de façon à éliminer les inefficacités d’origines émotionnelle et cognitive et à réaliser des inférences qu’en empruntant l’expression à Peirce on désignera comme abductives.
Preparing Our Home by reclaiming resilience
Authors: Yumagulova Lilia , Yellow Old Woman-Munro Darlene , Gabriel Casey , Francis Mia , Henry Sandy , Smith Astokomii , Ostertag Julia 
Published: July 2020

Indigenous communities in Canada are faced with a disproportionate risk of disasters and climate change (CIER, 2008). Indigenous communities in Canada are also at the forefront of climate change adaptation and resilience solutions. One program in Canada that aids in decolonizing curriculum for reclaiming resilience in Indigenous communities is Preparing Our Home (POH). Drawing on three POH case studies, this article seeks to answer the following question: How can community-led decolonial educational processes help reclaim Indigenous youth and community resilience? The three communities that held POH workshops, which this article draws upon, include: The Líľwat Nation, where Canada’s first youth-led community-based POH Home curriculum was developed at the Xet̓ólacw Community School; The Siksika Nation, where the workshop engaged youth with experienced instructors and Elders to enhance culturally informed community preparedness through actionable outcomes by developing a curriculum that focused on hazard identification, First Aid, and traditional food preservation; and Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, where political leaders, community members, and community emergency personnel gathered together to discuss emergency preparedness, hazard awareness and ways to rediscover resilience. The participants shared their lived experiences, stories, and knowledge to explore community strengths and weaknesses and community reaction and resilience. The article concludes with a discussion section, key lessons learned in these communities, and recommendations for developing Indigenous community-led curricula. These recommendations include the importance of Indigenous Knowledge, intergenerational learning, land-based learning, participatory methodologies, and the role of traditional language for community resilience. We contribute to the Indigenous education literature by providing specific examples of community-owned curricula that move beyond decolonial education to Indigenous knowledges and experiences sharing, owned by the people and led by the community.
Non‐additive response of the high‐latitude Southern Hemisphere climate to aerosol forcing in a climate model with interactive chemistry
Authors: Pope James O. , Orr Andrew , Marshall Gareth J. , Abraham Nathan Luke 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA suite of chemistry‐climate model simulations, forced by pairs of anthropogenic forcings [comprising greenhouse gases (GHGs), ozone depleting substances (ODSs), or aerosols], were employed to investigate whether the high‐latitude Southern Hemisphere (SH) circulation response to these forcings is linearly additive, a common assumption in attribution studies. We find that the geographical pattern of sea‐level pressure (SLP) response to a combination of GHGs and ODSs is linearly additive. However, we find significant differences in the SLP response when combining GHGs and aerosols compared to the sum of the individual forcings, a non‐additivity that is currently masked by the dominance of the ODSs forcing. This non‐linearity also results in changes to the SH split jet. These results were obtained using a coupled chemistry‐climate model, indicating that the non‐linear response is due to chemical interactions between the forcing agents. As such, future simulations investigating a post‐ozone hole Southern Hemisphere climate should consider this chemical interaction.
Accounts in 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Sensors: Towards Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Muñoz Jose , Pumera Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeavy metal ions, small organic molecules and inorganic pollutants are some environmentally hazardous compounds that negatively impact the ecosystem and public health, owing to their high toxicity, persistency and bioaccumulation. This makes it essential to develop rapid, simple, low‐cost and sensitive devices for in situ monitoring of these toxic contaminants. In this sense, 3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique, which is transforming the way that materials are turned into functional devices by prototyping bespoke 3D materials via layer‐by‐layer deposition. This technology can offer enormous potential to environmental devices, where electrochemical sensing platforms have been on the rise, as they offer decentralized and tailored fabrication of on‐demand, low‐cost, at‐point‐of‐use systems. Although this research is still in an early stage, this Minireview aims to point out the most widely used additive manufacturing technology and materials for 3D‐printed electrode fabrication, as well as some pivotal activation procedural steps necessary to enhance their electroanalytical capabilities. Indeed, the potential of 3D‐printed electrochemical sensors to monitor a range of important hazardous pollutants in aqueous samples is reported, visualizing the future of this technology to develop integrated low‐cost analytical electronic systems for direct environmental detection in remote areas of the globe.