bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground and Space Signatures of VLF Noise Suppression by Whistlers
Authors: Shklyar D. R. , Manninen J. , Titova E. E. , Santolík O. , Kolmašová I. , Turunen T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVLF (VeryLow Frequency) spectrograms registered at Kannuslehto ground station, after cleaning them from strong sferics, reveal VLF noise suppression by whistlers and whistler echo trains, which consists in significant reduction in the noise spectral power after a strong whistler event. We have found similar effect in the VLF data from Van Allen Probe B taken in the equatorial region on
‐shell
3. Detailed analysis of the data shows that the whistler echo train and the VLF noise have small wave normal angles. Based on this observation, we limit our analysis to parallel (ducted) whistler wave propagation. The persistence of whistler echo train, as well as the VLF noise, suggests that in the events under discussion, plasma is unstable in the frequency range corresponding to the observed VLF noise band. In an attempt to explain the effect of VLF noise suppression, we follow up the long‐standing idea that relates this effect to the reduction of free energy in the unstable plasma distribution by whistler echo train. To develop this idea into qualitative model, we have studied the motion of energetic electrons, responsible for the noise generation, in the field of ducted whistler echo train. We show that energetic electrons that make the main contribution to the growth rate of VLF noise, during their bounce oscillations in the magnetosphere, are subject to multiple resonant impacts from the whistler echo train. These lead to energetic electron diffusion in the phase space and the corresponding reduction in free energy of the unstable distribution.
MESSENGER Observations of Mercury's Nightside Magnetosphere Under Extreme Solar Wind Conditions: Reconnection‐Generated Structures and Steady Convection
Authors: Sun W. J. , Slavin J. A. , Dewey R. M. , Chen Y. , DiBraccio G. A. , Raines J. M. , Jasinski J. M. , Jia X. , Akhavan‐Tafti M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMercury's nightside magnetosphere is investigated under the impact of a coronal mass ejection (CME) and a high‐speed stream (HSS) with MErcury Surface, Space ENviroment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) observations. The CME was shown to produce a low plasma
(ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic pressure) magnetosheath, while the HSS creates a higher
magnetosheath. Reconnection at the dayside magnetopause was found to be stronger during the CME than the HSS, but both were stronger than the average condition (Slavin et al., 2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JA020319). Here we show that the CME and HSS events produced large numbers of flux ropes and dipolarization fronts in the plasma sheet. The occurrence rates for the structures were approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than under average conditions with the rates during CME's being twice that of HSS's. The flux ropes appeared as quasiperiodic flux rope groups. Each group lasted approximately 1 min and had a few large flux ropes followed by several smaller flux ropes. The lobe magnetic flux accounted for around half of the Mercury's available magnetic flux with the flux during CME's being larger than that of HSS's. The CME produced a more dynamic nightside magnetosphere than the HSS. Further, for the CME event, the tail magnetic reconnection produced a distorted Hall magnetic field pattern and the X‐line had a dawn‐dusk extent of 20% of the tail width. No magnetic flux loading and unloading events were observed suggesting that, during these intense driving conditions, Mercury's magnetosphere responded with a type of quasi‐steady convection as opposed to the tail flux loading‐unloading events seen at Earth.
Study on the Effects of Heterogeneous Distribution of Methane Hydrate on Permeability of Porous Media Using Low‐Field NMR Technique
Authors: Ji Yunkai , Hou Jian , Zhao Ermeng , Lu Nu , Bai Yajie , Zhou Kang , Liu Yongge 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe permeability of sediments is an important parameter that effects flow characteristics of the gas and water in the process of natural gas hydrates development. The distribution of gas hydrate is generally heterogeneous in porous media. It poses a great challenge to the permeability measurement of hydrate‐bearing sediments. To study the effect of heterogeneous distribution of methane hydrate on the permeability of porous media, methane hydrate formation in the sandstone and permeability measurement was carried out using a low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement system in situ conditions. The spatial distribution of methane hydrate in the core samples was determined by combining the T2 distribution with magnetic resonance imaging. The results show that the distribution of methane hydrate is heterogeneous in the core samples. The temporal and spatial variation of permeability happens in the process of hydrate dissociation. The heterogeneity of methane hydrate distribution severely affects the analysis of permeability change. Considering the heterogeneity of methane hydrate distribution, a new method was proposed to obtain the quantitative relationship between hydrate saturation and relative permeability based on magnetic resonance imaging and the equivalent seepage capacity method. The results show that the relative permeability models obtained by this method agree better with experimental results. The optimum coefficients of relative permeability models obtained by equivalent seepage capacity method change significantly in contrast with the direct fitting method. The variation of the optimum coefficient is up to 300% in this study. The model coefficients are related to the pore characteristic of hydrate‐free porous media.
Serine–glycine-one-carbon metabolism: vulnerabilities in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma
Authors: Zhao Erhu , Hou Jianbing , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn a recent study published in Cancer Research, Xia and colleagues reported that, in cancer, constituents in serine–glycine-one-carbon (SGOC) metabolism exhibit enhanced transcriptional activation and are increasingly utilised, which results in more glucose-derived carbon to serine–glycine biosynthesis. The current work identifies an MYCN-dependent metabolic vulnerability and shows a variety of associations between metabolic reprogramming and enhanced sensitivity to metabolic stress, which may lead the way to unlocking new anticancer therapies. Here, we summarised new insights into the role of SGOC metabolism in the progression of neuroblastoma (NB) with highly activated SGOC metabolism.
Yield benefits of additional pollination to faba bean vary with cultivar, scale, yield parameter and experimental method
Authors: Bishop J. , Garratt M. P. D. , Breeze T. D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe benefits of insect pollination to crop yield are used to justify management decisions across agricultural landscapes but current methods for assessing these benefits may underestimate the importance of context. We quantify how the effects of simulated insect pollination vary between five faba bean cultivars, and to what extent this changes between years, scales, yield parameters, and experimental methods. We do this by measuring responses to standardised hand pollination treatments in controlled experiments in flight cages and in the field. Pollination treatments generally improved yield, but in some cases yield was lower with additional pollination. Pollination dependence varied with cultivar, ranging from 58% (loss in yield mass per plant without pollination) in one cultivar, to a lower yield with pollination in another (−51%). Pollination dependence also varied between flight cage and field experiments (−10 to 37% in the same cultivar and year), year (4 to 33%; same cultivar and yield parameter), and yield parameter (−4 to 46%; same cultivar and year). This variability highlights that to be robust, assessments of pollination benefits need to focus upon marketable crop outputs at a whole-plant or larger scale while including and accounting for the effects of different years, sites, methodologies and cultivars.
Peptide Capping Agent Design for Gold (111) Facet by Molecular Simulation and Experimental Approaches
Authors: Lin Che-Hsin , Ju Shin-Pon , Su Jia-Wei , Li Dai-En 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stochastic tunneling-basin hopping method (STUN-BH) was utilized to obtain the most stable peptide S7 configuration (Ac-Ser-Ser-Phe-Pro-Gln-Pro-Asn-CONH2) adsorbed on Au(111) facet. After the most stable S7 configuration was found, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the thermal stability between S7 and Au facet at 300 K in both vacuum and water environment. Moreover, further design sets of peptide sequences on Au(111) facet were used to compare with S7. All molecular simulations were carried out by the large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). The Amber99sb-ILDN force field was employed for modeling the interatomic interaction of peptides, and the TIP3P water was used for the water environment. The CHARMM-METAL force field was introduced to model the S7, PF8 (Ac-Pro-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-CONH2) and FS8 (Ac-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-Phe-Ser-CONH2) interactions with Au(111). The MD simulation results demonstrate that the morphology of Pro affects the adsorption stability of Phe. Therefore, we designed two sequences, PF8 and FS8, to confirm our simulation result through experiment. The present study also develops a novel low-temperature plasma synthesis method to evaluate the facet selecting performance of the designed peptide sequences of S7, PF8, and FS8. The experimental results suggest that the reduced Au atom seed is captured with the designed peptide sequences and slowing growing under room temperature for 72 hours. The experimental results are in the excellent agreement with the simulation finding that the Pro in the designed peptide sequences plays a critical role in the facet selection for Au atom stacking.
Introduction to approaches and tools for the evaluation of protein cysteine oxidation
Authors: Poole Leslie B. , Furdui Cristina M. , King S. Bruce 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oxidative modifications of cysteine thiols in cellular proteins are pivotal to the way signal-stimulated reactive oxygen species are sensed and elicit appropriate or sometimes pathological responses, but the dynamic and often transitory nature of these modifications offer a challenge to the investigator trying to identify such sites and the responses they elicit. A number of reagents and workflows have been developed to identify proteins undergoing oxidation and to query the timing, extent and location of such modifications, as described in this minireview. While no approach is perfect to capture all the redox information in a functioning cell, best practices described herein can enable considerable insights into the “redox world” of cells and organisms.
Identifying commuters based on random forest of smartcard data
Authors: Mei Zhenyu , Ding Wenchao , Feng Chi , Shen Liting 
Published: February 2020

Commuter flow is an important part of metro passenger flow. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient and effective method to identify the spatiotemporal commuting patterns of Metro Line 2 in Hangzhou. Using one‐week transit smart card data and a questionnaire survey of Metro Line 2, the authors distinguished the spatiotemporal regularity of individual commuters, including first travel time, last travel time, and the number of travelling days on weekdays. This data could be used to identify transit commuters by leveraging ensemble learning approaches. The random forest algorithm was adopted as a low‐cost, high‐efficiency analysis method, and the classification model was established with the information of travel time, days of travelling, and the unique tag information in the questionnaire survey data. Then, numerical tests were carried out to show that the Precision and Recall rates of the proposed model could reach as high as 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. Finally, the validated random forest model was applied to identify metro commuters from the smartcard data. The results show that less than one‐third of passengers are commuter traffic and are mainly concentrated during peak hours. These extracted personal‐level commute models can be used as valuable information for the design and optimisation of public transportation networks.
Trace analysis of Pb(II) in milk samples by Fe3O4@SiO2@3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane@o‐phenylendiamine nanoparticles as an unprecedented adsorbent for magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction
Authors: Ramezanpour Mohtaram , Raeisi Shahram Naghizadeh , Shahidi Seyed Ahmad , Ramezanpour Sorour 
Published: February 2020

In the present work, a magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction method followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for extraction, preconcentration and determination of trace amounts of Pb(II) in milk samples. Fe3O4@SiO2@3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane@o‐phenylendiamine nanoparticles were synthesised and used as the adsorbent in the extraction procedure. The effective parameters of the extraction efficiency comprising pH of the sample solution, sorbent amount, extraction time, acidic concentration of the eluent and desorption time were optimised using a face‐centred central composite design. Under the optimal conditions, the applied method offered suitable linearity in the range of 2.0–250 ng mL−1, the limit of detection as low as 0.11 ng mL−1, and high preconcentration factor of 66. The precision of the proposed method was evaluated by calculating the intra‐day and inter‐day relative standard deviation, which were <3.4 and 5.5%, respectively. The applicability of the method in real sample analysis was tested by analysing bovine milk samples. The relative recoveries in the range of 81.6–97.2% showed the suggested method is of appropriate accuracy in real sample analysis.
Retorno ao esporte após reconstrução do LCA com ressecção ou preservação do remanescente
Authors: Diaz Ruben Marcelo Maldonado , Rezende Fernando Cury , Moscon Antonio Carlos , Franciozi Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Martimbianco Ana Luiza Cabrera , Duarte Aires 
Published: February 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar os resultados da reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) com preservação do remanescente, comparada à técnica convencional, no retorno do paciente ao nível de atividade física pré-lesão.
Métodos Estudo transversal retrospectivo, que avaliou indivíduos adultos submetidos à reconstrução anatômica do LCA no período de 2010 a 2014. Os desfechos analisados foram: nível de atividade física, taxa retorno ao esporte, relesão do LCA definida como lesão documentada que necessite de nova reconstrução ligamentar, e dor pela escala numérica de dor (EVN).
Resultados Foram incluídos 83 indivíduos com média de 31,8 anos de idade e seguimento médio de 4,2 anos após a cirurgia, 34 submetidos à reconstrução do LCA com preservação do remanescente, e 49 à convencional. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos na frequência de atividade física pré-lesão e pós-operatória, na taxa de relesão do LCA reconstruído e na intensidade da dor no pós-operatório. Na análise intragrupos, houve uma queda estatisticamente significativa na frequência da prática de atividade física pós-operatória para ambos os grupos em comparação ao nível pré-lesão. O tipo de esporte mais praticado foi o futebol, onde 72% pacientes do grupo remanescente retornaram ao esporte comparado a 52,6% do grupo controle; porém, essa diferença não foi estatisticamente significante.
Conclusão Não foi possível observar diferenças entre os pacientes submetidos às técnicas cirúrgicas de reconstrução LCA com e sem a preservação do remanescente em relação ao retorno ao esporte, frequência de atividade física e intensidade da dor. Estudos futuros prospectivos são necessários.
Osteoartrite global do cotovelo após uma fratura não deslocada da cabeça radial: Relato de caso
Authors: Costa Lauro Augusto Veloso , Brabo Bruno Cesar Pereira , Marangoni André Luís , Taniguchi Luiz Fabiano Presente 
Published: February 2020

ResumoAs fraturas da cabeça radial representam mais de 50% de todas as fraturas do antebraço. Broberg e Morrey (modificação da classificação de Mason) as classificam em quatro tipos. As fraturas do tipo 1 são aquelas não deslocadas ou minimamente deslocadas, consideradas estáveis e sem bloqueio mecânico das articulações. Nesse tipo de fratura, um manejo não operatório com um curto período de imobilização permite bom resultado clínico sem desfechos adversos. Lesões associadas clinicamente relevantes não são comuns. Por esse motivo, a artrite da articulação radiocapitelar e ulnoumeral após a fratura da cabeça do rádio não deslocada é incomum. Este relato de caso apresenta um paciente jovem com diagnóstico de fratura isolada da cabeça radial não deslocada que evoluiu, 8 meses depois, para artrite global do cotovelo.
Characterization of Substance use among Underrepresented Sexual and Gender Minority Participants in the Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study
Authors: Barger Branden T. , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Capriotti Matthew R. , Lunn Mitchell R. , Flentje Annesa 
Published: February 2020

Background Profiles of substance use among less commonly described subgroups of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people ( e.g., queer, genderqueer) remain largely unknown. Objective(s): To identify substance use differences among less commonly described SGM identity-based subgroups. Methods The PRIDE Study is a national, online, longitudinal cohort study of self-identified SGM adults living in the U.S. Between 2015–2017, an iPhone application was used to administer three cross-sectional health questionnaires to participants, one of which included questions about binge alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use (substance use). This study was a secondary data analysis of participant responses to substance use survey items. Logistic regression and generalized linear modeling assessed relationships between sexual orientation or gender and use of or reported problems with substances within the past year. Results Among the 1790 participants included in this study, 51.0% reported binge alcohol use, 39.8% reported marijuana use, and 19.7% reported other drug use (65.9% endorsed use of one or more of these) within the past year. Over 30% indicated substance use had been a problem in their life. Asexual individuals had lower odds of reporting past year binge alcohol and marijuana use ( aOR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12–0.61; aOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.15–0.96, respectively), and queer participants had higher odds of reporting past year marijuana use ( aOR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.58–4.03) compared to lesbian participants. Gender nonbinary participants had lower odds of reporting past year binge alcohol use ( aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32–0.71) and transmasculine participants had higher odds of reporting past year marijuana use ( aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.10–4.31) compared to cisgender women. Conclusions Substance use heterogeneity exists between SGM groups. Comprehensive assessment of sexual orientation and gender may improve understanding of substance use and increase equity within support and treatment services for SGM populations. Highlights • We examined substance use among less represented sexual and gender minority groups. • Alcohol and other drug use were examined by both sexual orientation and gender identity. • Analyses included identities such as queer, pansexual, genderqueer and nonbinary. • Alcohol use differed across asexual, genderqueer and gender nonbinary groups. • Marijuana use differed across queer, asexual and transmasculine groups.
Downregulation of MiR-218 can alleviate high-glucose-induced renal proximal tubule injury by targeting GPRC5A
Authors: Su Shan-Shan , Li Bao-Peng , Li Chun-Lin , Xiu Fang-Rui , Wang Dong-Yan , Zhang Fa-Rong 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to explore the functional implication of microRNA-218 (miR-218) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) through high-glucose-stimulated renal proximal tubule impairment. Biological function experiments showed that miR-218 and inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β were highly expressed in renal proximal tubule under high-glucose conditions. Inhibiting miR-218 alleviated renal tubular cell injury, which was represented by miR-218 inhibitor facilitating renal tubular cell vitality whilst reducing its apoptosis and levels of inflammation factors. In addition, we confirmed that miR-218 directly targeted GPRC5A and negatively regulated its expression. Co-transfection assay showed that overexpression of GPRC5A accentuated the mitigated action of miR-218 inhibitor on renal proximal tubule cell injury induced by high-glucose. Accordingly, these data indicated that downregulation of miR-218 can assuage high-glucose-resulted renal tubular cell damage, and its ameliorative effect was achieved by negative regulation of GPRC5A, which provides a novel direction for unearthing the pathogenesis and even further biological treatment of DN.
Event-focused network analysis: a case study of anti-corruption networks
Authors: Pal Leslie A , Spence Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch on diffusion and transfer increasingly relies on the concept of policy networks, but often in inductive, descriptive, and anecdotal ways. This article proposes a more robust method for the comparative analysis of policy networks, a method we term ‘event-focused network analysis’ (EFNA). The method assumes that networks are most clearly revealed in ‘events’ – conferences, meetings, workshops, etc. Databases of participants at these events provide the foundation for social network analysis of the networks of which they are part. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has hundreds of such events annually that are connected to a myriad of policy issues, thus allowing cross-sectoral network comparisons. The article begins with a review and critique of current approaches to network analysis, explains the EFNA approach, and then applies it to anti-corruption networks centred in the OECD. The case study shows the promise of the method, particularly in being able to trace a wider range of actors than is typical, taking us beyond the ‘usual suspects’ in conventional transfer studies.
Variations in start date, end date, frequency and intensity of yearly temperature extremes across China during the period 1961–2017
Authors: Han Jingya , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun , Wu Jingwen , Lei Xiaohui , Liao Weihong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Frequent temperature extremes due to climate change have had serious effects on human society and the natural environment. Using a 0.25° × 0.25° gridded Tmax (daily maximum temperature) and Tmin (daily minimum temperature) data set and 12 global climate models simulations from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), we investigated variations in yearly temperature extremes in China during the past five decades with respect to four characteristics, namely, their start date, end date, frequency, and intensity. Results showed that the occurrence of nighttime extremes (the cold nights and warm nights) responded strongly to climate change. For 1961–2017, cold extremes started later (3.25 d/decade) and ended earlier (−4.58 d/decade), with decreased frequency (−6.56 d/decade), especially for cold nights, and weakened intensity (0.14 °C/decade). In the same period, warm extremes started earlier (−3.43 d/decade) and ended later (3.15 d/decade) with increased frequency (6.79 d/decade), especially for warm nights, and enhanced intensity (0.09 °C/decade). The spatial pattern of the variations was complex with anomalous regions. Multimodel ensembles (MMEs) from CMIP6 agreed well with observations regarding the average trends of temperature extremes over China, although detailed changes in spatial pattern were not captured adequately. The hazards of temperature extremes deserve close attention in the future due to the complex changes likely to occur across China for various characteristics of these temperature extremes under conditions of climate change.