bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe volcanic SO2 exposure and respiratory morbidity in the Icelandic population – a register study
Authors: Carlsen Hanne Krage , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur , Bríem Haraldur , Dominici Francesca , Finnbjornsdottir Ragnhildur Gudrun , Jóhannsson Thorsteinn , Aspelund Thor , Gislason Thorarinn , Gudnason Thorolfur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The Holuhraun volcanic eruption September 2014 to February 2015 emitted large amounts of sulfur dioxide (SO2). The aim of this study was to determine the association between volcanic SO2 gases on general population respiratory health some 250 km from the eruption site, in the Icelandic capital area. MethodsRespiratory health outcomes were: asthma medication dispensing (AMD) from the Icelandic Medicines Register, medical doctor consultations in primary care (PCMD) and hospital emergency department visits (HED) in Reykjavík (population: 215 000) for respiratory disease from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2014. The associations between daily counts of health events and daily mean SO2 concentration and high SO2 levels (24-hour mean SO2>125µg/m3) were analysed using generalized additive models. Results After the eruption began, AMD was higher than before (129.4 vs. 158.4 individuals per day, p<0.05). For PCMD and HED, there were no significant differences between the number of daily events before and after the eruption (142.2 vs 144.8 and 18.3 vs 17.5, respectively). In regression analysis adjusted for other pollutants, SO2 was associated with estimated increases in AMD by 0.99% (95% CI 0.39 - 1.58%) per 10 µg/m3 at lag 0-2, in PCMD for respiratory causes 1.26% (95% CI 0.72 - 1.80%) per 10 µg/m3 SO2 at lag 0-2, and in HED by 1.02% (95% CI 0.02- 2.03%) per 10 µg/m3 SO2 at lag 0-2. For days over the health limit, the estimated increases were 10.9% (95% CI 2.1-19.6%), 17.2% (95% CI 10.0-24.4%) for AMD and PCMD. Dispensing of short-acting medication increased significantly by 1.09% (95% CI 0.49-1.70%), and PCMD for respiratory infections and asthma and COPD diagnoses and increased significantly by 1.12% (95% CI 0.54-1.71%) and 2.08% (1.13-3.04%).ConclusionHigh levels of volcanic SO2 are associated with increases in dispensing of AMD, and health care utilization in primary and tertiary care. Individuals with prevalent respiratory disease may be particularly susceptible.
Ferric chloride for odour control: studies from wastewater treatment plants in India
Authors: Prathna T. C. , Srivastava Ankit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study was about the feasibility of using ferric chloride as an agent for odour control in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to hydrogen sulphide emission. Total inlet sulphide concentrations at 11 WWTPs in Delhi were measured and ranged between 1.1 and 14.8 mg/L. Wastewater samples from Najafgarh drain were used in jar tests to estimate the ferric chloride concentration required to obtain acceptable treatment. Ferric chloride was effective in removing sulphide, phosphate and total suspended solids (TSS), and gave significant biological oxygen demand (BOD) reduction. It was ineffective, however, in removing ammoniacal-nitrogen. A dose of 40 mg/L removed 76% of total sulphide, which corresponds to a significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide emission. The study demonstrated that ferric chloride can be used as a cost-effective pre-treatment step in WWTPs to reduce sulphur-related odours significantly, as well as TSS, BOD and phosphate from wastewater.
Recent Patents for Thermistor Temperature Sensor
Authors: Yu Guangbin , Yu Mingxin , Dai Bing 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The collection of temperature is very important in life. Thermistor temperature sensors are an
important part of the temperature acquisition system. Thermistor temperature sensors can convert the temperature signal
into an electrical signal for output. Due to the different application fields and technical requirements, the shape, function
and structure of thermistor temperature sensors are very different.

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to summarize and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various devices
from a large number of documents and patents.

Methods:
In this paper, the patents and the latest research of thermistor temperature sensors are reviewed.

Results:
By summarizing the characteristics of a large number of thermistor temperature sensors and
analyzing the problems, the development of thermistor temperature sensors is expected.

Conclusion:
Thermistor temperature sensors are widely used. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out special structural
design and technical research for thermistor temperature sensors in different application fields. At the same time, with the
development of technology, intelligent sensors and multi-functional sensors are an inevitable development trend.
Use of Technology to Access Health Information/Services and Subsequent Association With WASH (Water Access, Sanitation, and Hygiene) Knowledge and Behaviors Among Women With Children Under 2 Years of Age in Indonesia: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Niedfeldt Heidi Jane , Beckstead Emmalene , Chahalis Emily , Jensen Mindy , Reher Britton , Torres Scott , Rachmi Cut Novianti , Jusril Hafizah , Hall Cougar , West Joshua H , Crookston Benjamin T 
Published: December 2020

Background
Water access, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) remain a public health concern in Indonesia. Proper WASH practices can decrease risk of stunting, wasting, and disease in children under the age of 2.

Objective
The purpose of our study is to examine if using technology to access health information and services among Indonesian women affects knowledge and behaviors regarding handwashing and defecation practices.

Methods
Our study is an interview-based cross-sectional survey. Participants included 1734 mothers of children under 2 years of age. These women were randomly selected and interviewed as part of a 3-stage cluster sampling technique. Our study uses data regarding WASH knowledge which includes benefits of handwashing with soap, 5 critical times of handwashing, risks of open defecation, media of disease transmission, defecation locations, and risks of open defecation. Data regarding WASH behaviors were also included: handwashing with soap, type of latrine used at home, and where defecation took place. This investigation used adjusted and unadjusted logistic and linear regression models to determine differences in WASH outcomes between those who use technology to access health information and services and those who did not.

Results
One result is that Indonesian women with children under 2 years of age who use technology to access health information and services are more likely to know the advantages of proper handwashing (odds ratio [OR] 2.603, 95% CI 1.666-4.067) and know the 5 critical times of handwashing (OR 1.217, 95% CI 0.969-1.528). Women who use technology to access health information are also more likely to know the risks of open defecation (OR 1.627, 95% CI 1.170-2.264) and use a type of toilet (such as a gooseneck or squat toilet) that limits risk (OR 3.858, 95% CI 2.628-5.665) compared to women who did not use technology to access health information.

Conclusions
Using technology to access health information and services was associated with an increase in handwashing and defecation knowledge. In the future, promoting mothers of children under 2 years of age to access health information through technology might be used to increase handwashing and defecation knowledge as well as safe defecation practices. However, further research should be done to determine how technology may increase the frequency of recommended handwashing behaviors.
Comparison of Patency in 5- and 6-mm Hemodialysis Grafts
Authors: Hisata Y. , Odate T. , Yamada T. , Inoue T. , Tasaki Y. 
Published: December 2020

Highlights

Abstract
Objectives: Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are often the mode of vascular access of choice because poor blood vessels in patients hinder the creation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs). The present study aimed to compare the characteristics and patency rates between 5-mm and 6-mm straight grafts.
Methods: We analyzed 119 cases involving AVG operations performed at a single center. The cases were divided into 2 groups based on the size of the straight graft, namely 5-mm (62.2%) and 6-mm (37.8%) grafts. The differences in the baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and patency rates between the groups were subsequently analyzed.
Results: Patients who received 5-mm grafts were predominantly female (P = 0.042) and had a higher body mass index (BMI; P = 0.012) than those who received 6-mm grafts. The 5-mm graft group showed increased primary patency (P = 0.035). However, significant intergroup differences were not observed with respect to the secondary patency rates (P = 0.087). A multivariable analysis confirmed that higher BMI (P = 0.022), cause of diabetes mellitus nephropathy (P = 0.015), frequency of the procedure (≥5 times; P = 0.002), and procedure time (P = 0.028) were significant independent variables that affected the primary patency rates.
Conclusions: Five-mm grafts were associated with higher BMI, female predominance, and increased primary patency compared with the 6-mm grafts. Therefore, 5-mm grafts should be considered for patients with poor blood vessels.
Engagement organisationnel en situation de changement: quelles perspectives dans un hôpital public? Revue de question
Authors: Doutre Elisabeth 
Published: December 2020

This study aims to identify which variables are presents in a context of organizational change and to examine how they are antecedents of the leader’s organizational commitment (EO), either separately or jointly. These variables can also have some effects on the collaborator’s affective commitment to the supervisor. The case of a French public hospital will be–taken as an example to develop the context of these perspectives of research and application.
Current trends in the development of dry cargo carriers for coastal, mixed and inland navigation
Authors: Egorov Gennady V. , Egorov Alexander G. 
Published: December 2020

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses characteristics and technical condition of dry cargo ships of limited sea, mixed and inland navigation in order to describe a methodology that allows predicting the composition of the fleet in the medium term.
Materials and methods. This study relied on the database of Marine Engineering Bureau (MEB), register books of classification societies, as well as on initial drawings for baseline designs of ships under consideration. The work followed common methods of ship theory and ship design, as well as of naval structural mechanics, analysis and statistics.
Main results. A prediction is given for fleet composition and structure until the year 2030, including the ships built after the year 2000, including the newbuilding orders for years 2020–2022.
Conclusion. Today, there are about 1,052 dry cargo vessels in operation, 79 % of which are "old", and 21 % were built after the year 2000. Dry-cargo vessels of Volgodonmax class are still the most popular. Due to shallow water depth, these ships cannot be made bigger, so the only way to increase their cargo capacity is to increase their block coefficient and reduce lightship displacement.
The first challenge is fully solved by "super-ample" lines currently adopted by MEB for mixed-navigation vessels like RSD59, RSD62, RSD79. As for the reduction of lightship displacement, i.e. steel weight, all the attempts to improve MEB solutions on ships of other designs have so far led to the opposite result, i.e. greater metal consumption and accordingly lower cargo capacity. Thus, it has been practically established that the only way to reduce lightship weight is to apply lighter materials.
Antimicrobial Activity of Non-bond Colicin on Candida albicans Biofilm
Authors: Hussain Nayarah .S. , Latif Ismail .I. , Obaid Hind .H. 
Published: December 2020

Two hundred fifty mid-stream urine specimens were collected from Baqubah Teaching Hospital and Al-Batool Teaching Hospital from patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). Of these investigated urine specimens, 66 (26.4%) specimens showed positive growth culture of Gram-negative bacteria. From these, Escherichia coli was the most prevalent bacteria of the examined culture (41, 62.12%). Additionally, the cup assay was used to determine colicin producers while the most efficient colicin producers were estimated by the formation of larger inhibition zone. Approximately half of the investigated E. coli isolates (20, 49 %) was colicin producers. Colicins was extracted after induction by mitomycin-C showed a concentration of 3020 Î¼g/ml, as estimated utilizing the Lowry method, while its activity was 80 U/ml. Our study results showed that colicin had significant antibiofilm activity (Pâ‰¤ 0.05) against Candida albicans and the effect seemed to be concentration dependent. . However, the values of biofilm inhibition varied depending on the different tested isolates. The biofilm of isolate 5 showed the most significant inhibition (Pâ‰¤ 0.05) by colicin with a value of 46%, while isolate 3 was less affected with an inhibition rate of 19% at the concentration of 2500 Î¼l/ml.
PREPARATION OF OLIVE OIL EMULSIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS STABILIZED BY OC-20 AND SPAN-60
Authors: Портнова Дарья Алексеевна , Веролайнен Виолетта Андреевна , Темникова Светлана Анатольевна 
Published: December 2020

Методом определения температуры инверсии фаз (ТИФ) получены и исследованы обратные эмульсии оливкового масла в воде с применением в качестве стабилизаторов неионогенных поверхностноактивных веществ синтанола OC-20, сорбитана моностеарата Span 60 и их смесей.
Reverse emulsions of olive oil in water with the use of non-ionic surfactants syntanol OC-20, sorbitan monostearate Span 60 and their mixtures as stabilizers were obtained and studied by the method of determining the temperature of phase inversion (TIF).
Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Ringan diluar Peradilan Sebagai Upaya Pencapaian Rasa Keadilan
Authors: Suyono Yoyok Ucuk 
Published: December 2020

Penyidik Kepolisian dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana ringan dalam hal ini pencurian ringan, biasanya dengan mediasi penal yang petimbangannya karena supaya tercapainya keadilan hukum, kepastian hukum,dan kemanfaatan dengan tetap mengedepankan asas peradilan yang sederhana, jadi kerugian korban dapat segera di kembalikan, agar efisiensi waktu yang dapat di selesaikan lebih cepat, kemudian dari segi biaya penanganan perkara lebih ringan atau lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan kasus yang di proses lanjut sampai persidangan. Namun hal tersebut tidak menjadikan solusi terbaik untuk pelaku tindak pidana ringan dalam hal ini pencurian ringan, karena pelaku dapat memanfaatkan proses mediasi penal yang dilaksanakan oleh pihak penyidik kepolisian dengan mudah dan beranggapan bahwa terkait pencurian ringan hanya dapat di selesaikan dengan cara mudah, sehingga tidak menimbulkan efek jera dan potensi mengulangi perbuatannya. Bagi korban pun akan merasa bahwa tindakan pencurian ringan tersebut bukan suatu kejahatan yang perlu di antisipasi, mengingat proses penyelesaiannya yang mudah, korban akan merasa khawatir dapat terjadi kejadian yang sama yang akan menimpa dirinya maupun terhadap orang lain. Bagi masyarakat sekitar juga akan lebih merasa was – was atau khawatir dengan lingkungannya yang terdapat pelaku tindak kejahata,walaupun tindak kejahatan tersebut tindak pidana ringan, namun asumsi masyarakat akan menimbulkan keresahan.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Terhadap Siswa Kelas VI
Authors: Sudarmi Sudarmi 
Published: December 2020

Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA biologi melalui pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw terhadap siswa Kelas VI SD Inpres 6/75 Pompanua Kabupaten Bone, pada konsep sistem peredaran darah pada manusia. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VI SD Inpres 6/75 Pompanua Kabupaten Bone tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus. Sebelum siklus I dilaksanakan, terlebih dahulu dilakukan observasi awal. Setiap siklus terdiri dari: perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan evaluasi, serta refleksi. Pelaksanaan siklus II merupakan perbaikan dari pelaksanaan siklus I. Data tentang hasil belajar dianalisis secara kuantitatif, sedangkan hasil observasi aktivitas siswa dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata penguasaaan materi atau hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I adalah 5,53 dan pada siklus II sebesar 7,55. Hasil observasi aktivitas siswa terjadi pula peningkatan. Hasil analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa.
Pediatric neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update and recommendations from the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Neurosurgery
Authors: Ballestero Matheus Fernando Manzolli , Furlanetti Luciano , de Oliveira Ricardo Santos 
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVESCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a potentially severe respiratory illness that has threatened humanity globally. The pediatric neurosurgery practice differs from that of adults in that it treats children in various stages of physical and psychological development and contemplates diseases that do not exist in other areas. The aim of this study was to identify the level of knowledge and readiness of the healthcare providers, as well as to evaluate new preventive practices that have been introduced, psychological concerns, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric neurosurgical units in Brazil.METHODSPediatric neurosurgeons were given an online questionnaire developed by the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Neurosurgery to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their clinical practice.RESULTSOf a cohort of 110 active members of the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Neurosurgery, 76 completed the survey (69%). Ninety-six percent were aware of the correct use of and indication for the types of personal protective equipment in clinical and surgical practices, but only 73.7% of them had unrestricted access to this equipment. Ninety-eight percent of participants agreed or strongly agreed that the pandemic had affected their pediatric neurosurgical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic interfered with outpatient care in 88% of the centers, it affected neurosurgical activity in 90.7%, and it led to the cancellation of elective neurosurgical procedures in 57.3%. Concerning the impact of COVID-19 on surgical activity, 9.2% of the centers had less than 25% of the clinical practice affected, 46.1% had 26%–50% of their activity reduced, 35.5% had a 51%–75% reduction, and 9.2% had more than 75% of their surgical work cancelled or postponed. Sixty-three percent affirmed that patients had been tested for COVID-19 before surgery. Regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of those interviewed, 3.9% reported fear and anxiety with panic episodes, 7.9% had worsening of previous anxiety symptoms, 60.5% reported occasional fear, 10.5% had sadness and some depressive symptoms, and 2.6% reported depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONSThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare services worldwide, including neurosurgical units. Medical workers, pediatric neurosurgeons included, should be aware of safety measures and follow the recommendations of local healthcare organizations, preventing and controlling the disease. Attention should be given to the psychological burden of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers, which carries a high risk of anxiety and depression.
PELATIHAN E-COMMERCE UNTUK USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH DI KOTA SINTANG
Authors: Pelipa Emilia Dewiwati , Marganingsih Anna 
Published: December 2020

Keberadaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam perekonomian Indonesia mempunyai peran dan potensi yang besar dalam membangun perekonomian nasional maupun sektoral. Namun Jenis Usaha mikro kecil menegah masih kurang di kenal oleh masyarakat luas; sehingga berdampak pada pemasaran produk yang mereka hasilkan. Keterbatasan tersebut merupakan permasalahan yang penting bagi UMKM dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Untuk itu dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini akan memberikan pelatihan kepada pelaku UMKM tentang pemasaran, promosi dan pengenalan produk kepada masyarakat melalui media Internet, dengan tujuan membantu para pelaku UMKM di kota Sintang agar lebih memahami E-Commerce. Yang menjadi sasaran program pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pelaku UMKM di kota Sintang. Kegiatan Pelatihan dan penyuluhan ini memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat khususnya para pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah di kota Sintang. Peserta penyuluhan memahami apa itu E-Commerce yaitu proses pembelian, penjualan produk, jasa dan informasi yang dilakukan secara elektronik dengan melibatkan transfer dana elektronik, sistem manajemen inventory otomatis dan sistem pengumpulan data otomatis yang memanfaatkan jaringan internet komputer. Selain itu para peserta juga mendapatkan pelatihan cara membuat website produk, memberikan pelatihan cara bergabung di Marketplace yang sudah tersedia dan mendesain tampilan produk yang akan dipasarkan.
Parents about School: from Factors Choice of Educational Institutions to the Real Information Children's School Life
Authors: Belousov K. Yu. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Large-scale reforms in the system of domestic school education in recent years have led to an increase in the importance of the role of parents as subjects of educational policy. The modern school, responding to the changes that have taken place in the interaction of the family and the educational institution, has begun to actively address research requests to parents in order to clarify their views on various aspects of the work of the school and the study of children. The purpose of the paper, therefore, is to illustrate examples of research requests from schools inSt Petersburg with a description of the factors of choosing an educational institution by parents, their awareness of various aspects of a child's life, assessing the size of the study load and student's attitude to school. The scientific novelty of the work is due to the content of the tools used, the peculiarities of constructing the sample used in data collection, as well as the duration of the study.Methodology and sources. The empirical basis of the study is the results of long-term surveys of parents of schoolchildren in grades 4, 9, 11 from 73 schools inSt Petersburg. Surveys were carried out between 2013 and 2019, according to the same methodology and tools for educational institutions. The total data set includes 4278 respondents. The selection of schools for the survey was carried out at random each year of the study. Correctional schools of various profiles were excluded from the sample.Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the closeness of the school to home and a strong teaching staff are the most significant factors that play a decisive role in choosing a school, according to the parents’ opinion. Almost half of the respondents do not express their feelings about the size of the school load, considering it optimal. Only 10.8 % of parents consider the current school load to be excessively high. More than 20.0 % of parents do not have sufficient information about the child's relationship with teachers, the same number are poorly informed about his or her friends and acquaintances.Conclusion. With all the variety of problems that arise today in the relationship between the school and parents, the study nevertheless recorded a positive tone of parental responses, who are mostly satisfied with the choice of school, teachers, the existing psychological climate, etc. Parents who took part in surveys, revealing the point of view of students, they report that children go to school more often with interest and joy, they have many friends there, and in the family, they tell more good things about their educational institution than vice versa.