bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unified distributed robust control framework for power sharing of grid‐connected dispatchable distributed generator cluster
Authors: Su Youfeng , Tu Zhenpan , Cai He 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a unified distributed robust control framework is proposed to address the power sharing problem for a cluster of dispatchable distributed generators (DDGs) within a grid‐connected AC microgrid. In contrast to the existing results, the advantages of the proposed control design are threefold. First, the unified design can directly handle the dynamics of the closed‐loop system by Lyapunov analysis without the assumption on time scale separation. Second, the canonical internal model is adopted so that the controller is able to undertake arbitrarily large parametric uncertainties. Last not least, the associated control gains can be obtained once and for all following the standard procedure. Comprehensive numerical simulations are provided for performance validation.
Silver Nanocarriers Targeted with a CendR Peptide Potentiate the Cytotoxic Activity of an Anticancer Drug
Authors: Tobi Allan , Willmore Anne‐Mari A. , Kilk Kalle , Sidorenko Valeria , Braun Gary B. , Soomets Ursel , Sugahara Kazuki N. , Ruoslahti Erkki , Teesalu Tambet 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) can be tracked in cells and tissues by optical imaging and isotopic fingerprinting. AgNPs are particularly useful as endocytosis probes as they can be rapidly dissolved with a biocompatible etching solution to eliminate extracellular NPs.Here, affinity‐targeted AgNPs are evaluated as therapeutic carriers of a potent cytotoxic compound, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). AgNPs are coated with MMAE via a lysosomal protease cathepsin B sensitive linker and functionalized with a prototypic CendR peptide (RPARPAR) that targets neuropilin‐1 (NRP‐1). This gives the AgNPs dual tumor specificity as both cathepsin B and NRP‐1 are overexpressed in many types of solid tumors. Cellular imaging, flow cytometry, viability assays, and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) analysis show that the RPARPAR–MMAE–AgNPs are internalized and induce apoptotic cell death in NRP‐1‐positive PPC‐1 prostate cancer cells while sparing NRP‐1‐negative M21 melanoma cells. Furthermore, in a mixed culture of PPC‐1 and M21 cells, RPARPAR–MMAE–AgNP treatment selectively eliminates NRP‐1‐positive PPC‐1 cells. The study demonstrates that affinity‐targeted AgNPs can be used as carriers to selectively deliver and potentiate the activity of cytotoxic compounds in vitro, and that treatment with a biocompatible etching solution can be used to control the internalization and, thus, the cytotoxicity of these AgNPs.
Sublethal Levels of Antibiotics Promote Bacterial Persistence in Epithelial Cells
Authors: Liu Xiaoye , Liu Fei , Ding Shuangyang , Shen Jianzhong , Zhu Kui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAntibiotic therapy and host cells frequently fail to eliminate invasive bacterial pathogens due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, resulting in the relapse and recurrence of infections. Bacteria evolve various strategies to persist and survive in epithelial cells, a front‐line barrier of host tissues counteracting invasion; however, it remains unclear how bacteria hijack cellular responses to promote cytoplasmic survival under antibiotic therapy. Here, it is demonstrated that extracellular bacteria show invasive behavior and survive in epithelial cells in both in vivo and in vitro models, to increase antibiotic tolerance. In turn, sublethal levels of antibiotics increase bacterial invasion through promoting the production of bacterial virulence factors. Furthermore, antibiotic treatments interrupt lysosomal acidification in autophagy due to the internalized bacteria, using Bacillus cereus and ciprofloxacin as a model. In addition, it is found that sublethal levels of ciprofloxacin cause mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation to impair lysosomal vascular tape ATPase (V‐ATPase) to further promote bacterial persistence. Collectively, these results highlight the potential of host cells mediated antibiotic tolerance, which markedly compromises antibiotic efficacy and worsens the outcomes of infection.
Bifunctional Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyzed Vinylogous Michael Reaction of 3–Alkylideneoxindole with 4‐Oxo‐enoates: A Route to Chiral γ‐Keto Alkylideneoxindole Esters
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Jaiswal Manish K. , Singh Ravi P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA bifunctional cinchona alkaloid‐catalyzed vinylogous Michael addition reaction involving 3‐alkylideneoxindoles as the vinylogous nucleophiles and various β‐aroyl acrylates as the Michael acceptor is described. The reaction provides expedient access to functionalised chiral γ‐keto alkylideneoxindole esters in good to high yields and stereoselectivities (up to >19 : 1 d.r. and 92% ee).
Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Invoked Through Norbornyl‐Driven Intermolecular Interaction Intensification with Anomalous Reversible Solid‐State Photochromism
Authors: Liu Wenxu , Wang Jiaqiang , Gong Yanbin , Liao Qiuyan , Dang Qianxi , Li Zhen , Bo Zhishan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, norbornyl (NB), a bulky annular nonconjugated spacer, is melded into π systems to construct two groups of ladder‐type room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) luminogens. The effect of the NB on π‐π interactions, packing modes and RTP performance is explored systematically. The experimental and computational results demonstrate the versatility of NB in reducing π‐π distances and synergistically intensifying the intermolecular interactions, which not only induces intersystem crossing from S1 to Tn but also diminishes the nonradiative decay of triplet excitons. Impressively, 1800‐fold phosphorescence lifetime enhancement is achieved in comparison with the reference compounds without NB. The molecular packing and RTP performance can be further modulated by the length of the backbones and terminal end‐groups. It is quite peculiar that NB‐annulated phthalic acid exhibits reversible photochromism in the solid state, likely due to the formation of persistent radical pairs. Our study paves an ingenious avenue towards enhancing intermolecular interactions and provides significant implications for a better comprehensive understanding of the origin of their RTP and the inherent photophysical mechanism.
Dual‐Emissive Platinum(II) Metallacage with a Sensitive Oxygen Response for Imaging of Hypoxia and Imaging‐Guided Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhu Huangtianzhi , Li Qi , Shi Bingbing , Ge Fujing , Liu Yuezhou , Mao Zhengwei , Zhu Hong , Wang Sheng , Yu Guocan , Huang Feihe , Stang Peter J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImaging of hypoxia in vivo helps with accurate cancer diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic outcomes. A PtII metallacage with oxygen‐responsive red phosphorescence and steady fluorescence for in vivo hypoxia imaging and chemotherapy is reported. The therapeutic agent and diagnostic probe were integrated into the metallacage through heteroligation‐directed self‐assembly. Nanoformulation by encapsulating the metallacage into nanoparticles greatly enhanced its stability the in physiological environment, rendering biomedical applications feasible. Apart from enhanced red phosphorescence upon hypoxia, the ratio between red and blue emissions, which only varies with intracellular oxygen level, provides a more precise standard for hypoxia imaging and detection. Moreover, in vivo explorations demonstrate the promising potential applications of the metallacage‐loaded nanoparticles as theranostic agents for tumor hypoxia imaging and chemotherapy.
Quantification of whisky congeners by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Stockwell Marc , Goodall Ian , Uhrín Dušan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhisky is a complex mixture made up of thousands of compounds originating in different stages of its production. Analysis of whisky congeners is critical to our understanding of the manufacturing process, quality control, and the detection of counterfeit products. The current chromatographic methods have a long analysis time, can require milliliters of sample and may not detect all required compounds in a single analysis. We have demonstrated that the majority of the whisky congeners of interest can be analyzed using 1H NMR spectroscopy in a single session using 500 μL of sample with the addition of 100 μL of buffer. We addressed two issues with this application of NMR: sensitivity and complexity of spectra. The sensitivity issues were solved by using a highly sensitive 600 MHz instrument equipped with a cryoprobe. To achieve consistent quantitative analysis of overlapping signals, Chenomx software was used. This allowed successful determination of the absolute concentration of 13 of the 21 studied whisky congeners with an average relative difference from nominal concentration of 6.4% and a standard deviation of 5.0%. Some compounds such as iso‐amyl acetate and n‐butanol were not accurately quantifiable due to their low concentration and overlapping peaks with those of more concentrated compounds. Scopoletin, lactose, sucrose, and maltose were not detectable in whisky samples, but they were accurately quantified in model mixtures. At higher concentrations, these compounds could be accurately quantified in whisky samples. Overlap of glucose and fructose signals led to >10% deviations from nominal concentration values. The limits of quantification (LOQ) and limits of detection (LOD) for each analyte were determined, with the LOD varying between 10 and 20 μM for the major volatile congeners, 1 to 5 μM for maturation related congeners, and 10 to 30 μM for carbohydrates.
Highly filled poly(l‐lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composite for 3D printing of personalized bone tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Dubinenko Gleb , Zinoviev Aleksey , Bolbasov Evgeny , Kozelskaya Anna , Shesterikov Evgeniy , Novikov Victor , Tverdokhlebov Sergei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe designing of new biodegradable polymer composites is one of the most promising areas of modern orthopedics and regenerative surgery. At present, a number of methods have been proposed for designing and processing biodegradable polymer composites via various 3D printing technologies; however, the homogeneity of filler distribution together with mechanical properties of scaffolds made of such composites are far from those required for clinical use. In this study, the method for producing biodegradable composite material based on poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) solution in organic solvent and hydroxyapatite (HAp) powder was proposed. The influence of HAp weight fraction and additional annealing on PLLA matrix crystallinity was investigated. It was shown that crystallinity of PLLA decreases from 58.84 ± 1.21 to 17.33 ± 1.69 as HAp weight fraction increased from 0 to 50 wt%. However, HAp filler promoted PLLA crystallites growth according to the X‐ray powder diffraction analysis. The results of nanoindentation showed Young's modulus values of the 3D‐printed scaffolds with 50 wt% of HAp at the level of human femur and tibia.
Automated trichome counting in soybean using advanced image‐processing techniques
Authors: Mirnezami Seyed Vahid , Young Therin , Assefa Teshale , Prichard Shelby , Nagasubramanian Koushik , Sandhu Kulbir , Sarkar Soumik , Sundararajan Sriram , O’Neal Matt E. , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar , Singh Arti 
Published: July 2020

PremiseTrichomes are hair‐like appendages extending from the plant epidermis. They serve many important biotic roles, including interference with herbivore movement. Characterizing the number, density, and distribution of trichomes can provide valuable insights on plant response to insect infestation and define the extent of plant defense capability. Automated trichome counting would speed up this research but poses several challenges, primarily because of the variability in coloration and the high occlusion of the trichomes.Methods and ResultsWe developed a simplified method for image processing for automated and semi‐automated trichome counting. We illustrate this process using 30 leaves from 10 genotypes of soybean (Glycine max) differing in trichome abundance. We explored various heuristic image‐processing methods including thresholding and graph‐based algorithms to facilitate trichome counting. Of the two automated and two semi‐automated methods for trichome counting tested and with the help of regression analysis, the semi‐automated manually annotated trichome intersection curve method performed best, with an accuracy of close to 90% compared with the manually counted data.ConclusionsWe address trichome counting challenges including occlusion by combining image processing with human intervention to propose a semi‐automated method for trichome quantification. This provides new opportunities for the rapid and automated identification and quantification of trichomes, which has applications in a wide variety of disciplines.
Conversion of T Follicular Helper Cells to T Follicular Regulatory Cells by Interleukin‐2 Through Transcriptional Regulation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Hao He , Nakayamada Shingo , Yamagata Kaoru , Ohkubo Naoaki , Iwata Shigeru , Inoue Yoshino , Zhang Mingzeng , Zhang Tong , Kanda Satoh Yurie , Shan Yu , Otsuka Takashi , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to identify characteristics of follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells and elucidate the mechanisms by which follicular helper T (Tfh) cells convert to Tfr cells. We probed the phenotype of T helper cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and underlying transcriptional regulation using cytokine‐induced STAT family factors.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 41 patients with SLE and 26 healthy donors were used to sort out the memory Tfh cell subset, and Tfh cells were cultured under various conditions. The phenotype of T helper cells and underlying mechanisms of transcriptional regulation were probed using flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. These analyses evaluated the expression of characteristic markers and phosphorylation of STATs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to evaluate histone modifications.ResultsIn patients with SLE, the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+FoxP3–PD‐1high Tfh cells was increased (P < 0.01), whereas the proportion of CD4+CXCR5+CD45RA–FoxP3high activated Tfr cells was decreased (P < 0.05). Serum interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) levels were also reduced in patients with SLE. IL‐2 induced conversion of memory Tfh cells to functional Tfr cells, which was characterized by CXCR5+Bcl‐6+FoxP3high pSTAT3+pSTAT5+ cells. The loci of FOXP3 and BCL6 at STAT binding sites were marked by bivalent histone modifications. Following IL‐2 stimulation, STAT3 and STAT5 selectively bound to FOXP3 and BCL6 gene loci accompanied by suppression of H3K27me3. Finally, IL‐2 stimulation suppressed the generation of CD38+CD27high plasmablasts in Tfh and B cell coculture assays ex vivo.ConclusionImpaired function of Tfr cells might be attributed to defective IL‐2 production. Exogenous IL‐2 restores the function of Tfr cells through the conversion of Tfh cells to Tfr cells in patients with SLE. Thus, restoring balance between Tfh and Tfr cells may provide new therapeutic approaches in SLE.
An Effective Approach to Obtain Near‐Infrared Emission from Binuclear Platinum(II) Complexes Involving Thiophenpyridine‐Isoquinoline Bridging Ligand in Solution‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Hao Zhaoran , Zhang Kai , Chen Kuan , Lu Zhiyun , Wang Pu , Zhu Weiguo , Liu Yu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBimetallic complexes have become an emerging hot topic in field of luminous applications in recent years. Unlike the traditional modification on a cyclometalated ligand, grafting an additional metal ion provides a novel approach to tune molecular conjugation as well as the spin orbital coupling (SOC). Herein, we demonstrate a new kind of binuclear platinum(II) complex Pt‐3 that possesses an asymmetric thiophenpyridine‐isoquinoline bridging ligand. Compared to its mononuclear analogues of Pt‐1 and Pt‐2, an extremely large redshift emission from 576 and 618 nm to 721 nm was observed in solution. Binding of two metal ions helps to enhance molecular planarity, extend conjugation and suppress excited state distortion. However, their quantum yields tend to remarkably decrease with increasing red‐shift emission as following the “energy gap law”. The relatively larger HOMO/LUMO separation that induced by the second platinum ion also decreases the oscillator strength at the lowest singlet state, and goes against the fast radiative decay process. Solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on Pt‐1, Pt‐2 and Pt‐3 achieved external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) and luminance/radiant emittance of 13.6% and 13640 cd/m2, 3.5% and 3754 cd/m2, 0.9% and 7981 mW/Sr/m2 with the corresponding electroluminescent (EL) emission peaked at 580 nm, 625 nm and 708 nm, respectively. This work emphasizes the complement argument of the commonly largely reported symmetric binuclear configurations, and provides a new view to photophysical mechanism and design strategies for bimetallic species.
The massive binary system 9 Sgr revisited: New insights into disentangling methods
Authors: Quintero Edwin A. , Eenens Philippe , Rauw Gregor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisentangling techniques are often needed to obtain the spectra of the individual components of binary or multiple systems. A thorough analysis of the shift‐and‐add algorithm of Marchenko et al, PASP, 1999;110:1416 reveals that, in many cases, the line fluxes are poorly reproduced, and spurious wings appear. The causes of these discrepancies are discussed, and a new disentangling package, QER20, is presented, which significantly reduces these errors and vastly increases the performance. When applied to the massive binary 9 Sgr, our new code yields line fluxes that are notably different from those previously published and lead us to revise the spectral classification to slightly earlier subtypes: O 3 V ((f +)) for the primary and O 5 V ((f)) for the secondary. We show that, with the MME98 algorithm, the classification of massive stars in binaries can be off by several subtypes, while there are no such errors when the QER20 package is used.
Wildfire caused widespread drinking water distribution network contamination
Authors: Proctor Caitlin R. , Lee Juneseok , Yu David , Shah Amisha D. , Whelton Andrew J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Tubbs Fire (2017) and Camp Fire (2018) are the first known wildfires where widespread drinking water chemical contamination was discovered in the water distribution network and not in the source water after the fire. In both disasters, drinking water exceeded state and federal government‐defined exposure limits for several volatile organic compound (VOC) contaminants (e.g., benzene at 40,000 µg/L [Tubbs] and >2,217 µg/L [Camp]). This work outlines factors that influence wildfire‐induced drinking water quality threats based on the findings from these two fires and explores related scientific and policy issues. For example, certain plastics in the network may serve as a primary VOC source through in situ plastic pyrolysis. Depressurization of the distribution network likely transported contaminated water that subsequently contaminated undamaged infrastructure. As wildfires at the wildland–urban interface are likely to occur more frequently, greater scientific evidence is needed to guide agency responses that will better protect public health.
Choosing what to choose from: Preference for inclusion over exclusion when constructing consideration sets from large choice sets
Authors: Goodman Joseph K. , Reczek Rebecca Walker 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDecision making is a two‐stage process, consisting of, first, consideration set construction and then final choice. Decision makers can form a consideration set from a choice set using one of two strategies: including the options they wish to further consider or excluding those they do not wish to further consider. The authors propose that decision makers have a relative preference for an inclusion (vs. exclusion) strategy when choosing from large choice sets and that this preference is driven primarily by a lay belief that inclusion requires less effort than exclusion, particularly in large choice sets. Study 1 demonstrates that decision makers prefer using an inclusion (vs. exclusion) strategy when faced with large choice sets. Study 2 replicates the effect of choice set size on preference for consideration set construction strategy and demonstrates that the belief that exclusion is more effortful mediates the relative preference for inclusion in large choice sets. Studies 3 and 4 further support the importance of perceived effort, demonstrating a greater preference for inclusion in large choice sets when decision makers are primed to think about effort (vs. accuracy; Study 3) and when the choice set is perceived as requiring more effort because of more information being presented about each alternative (vs. more alternatives in the choice set; Study 4). Finally, Study 5 manipulates consideration set construction strategy, showing that using inclusion (vs. exclusion) in large choice sets leads to smaller consideration sets, greater confidence in the decision process, and a higher quality consideration set.
Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles: Exciting Platforms for Vaccination
Authors: Pan Jingdi , Cui Zongqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVaccination is successfully advanced to control several fatal diseases and improve human life expectancy. However, additional innovations are required in this field because there are no effective vaccines to prevent some infectious diseases. The shift from the attenuated or inactivated pathogens to safer but less immunogenic protein or peptide antigens has led to a search for effective antigen delivery carriers that can function as both antigen vehicles and intrinsic adjuvants. Among these carriers, self‐assembled nanoparticles (SANPs) have shown great potential to be the best representative. For the nanoscale and multiple presentation of antigens, with accurate control over size, geometry, and functionality, these nanoparticles are assembled spontaneously and mimic pathogens, resulting in enhanced antigen presentation and increased cellular and humoral immunity responses. In addition, they may be applied through needle‐free routes due to their adhesive ability, which gives them a great future in vaccination applications. This review provides an overview of various SANPs and their applications in prophylactic vaccines.
Does remittance inflow influence human development in south Asian countries? An empirical insight
Authors: Sahoo Malayaranjan , Sucharita Sanhita , Sethi Narayan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article investigate the relationship between human development, remittance inflows, and other macroeconomic variables like life expectancy, human capital, FDI, CPI, economic growth, and financial development in South Asia during 1990–2018. The Fisher residual co‐integration test confirms that there is a co‐integration among the variables. The VECM approach also indicates that there is a long run relationship among the variables. We apply FMOLS and DOLS to show the long run elasticity of explanatory variables in this article. Remittance indicates positive and significant effect on human development. We find that there is a positive effect between government expenditure and human development. Similarly, life expectancy rate and human capital has a positive effect on human development. There is a unidirectional causality between remittance and human development in South Asian region. We can suggest that public policies can be conceived to promote health, education, and income, thereby encouraging and enhancing human development.