bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication appropriateness on an acute geriatric care unit: the impact of the removal of a clinical pharmacist
Authors:   The Investigators of the MAGIC-PHARM Study, Khazaka Michael , Laverdière Jeanne , Li Chen Chen , Correal Florence , Mallet Louise , Poitras Mariane , Nguyen Patrick Viet-Quoc 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
evidence is largely available indicating benefits to adding a pharmacist on acute care wards. The benefits of maintaining pharmacotherapeutic consultant services on a geriatric ward remain unexplored.

Objectives
to determine the impact of the removal of a clinical pharmacist from an acute geriatric ward on patients’ Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) scores, admission-related outcomes and drug burdens.

Methods
researchers consulted the archives for records of patients admitted to the geriatric care unit before and after the pharmacist’s withdrawal. The primary outcome of differential MAI scores and secondary outcomes of rehospitalisations, emergency department visits, durations of hospitalisation and differential drug count were compared pre- and post-intervention. An interrupted time series analysis regression model was used for the primary outcome.

Results
a total of 305 patients admitted before (n = 208) and after (n = 97) the pharmacist’s withdrawal were included in the study. The intervention had a significant impact on the primary outcome, increasing the relative differential MAI score (adjusted mean) by 9.3 points (95% confidence interval 3.9–14.6). As for the secondary outcomes, differences in admission-related outcomes were non-significant but the mean differential drug count significantly increased post-intervention from 0.02 to 1.36 (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
the removal of the pharmacist led to an increase in inappropriate drug prescription. Careful consideration should be given to decisions regarding the removal of the pharmacist from acute geriatric care teams.
Planning to move into a nursing home in old age: does sexual orientation matter?
Authors: Buczak-Stec Elzbieta , König Hans-Helmut , Hajek André 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Qualitative studies showed that community-dwelling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) individuals perceive that LGBT individuals are discriminated against in nursing homes (NHs) due to their sexual orientation. Therefore, the objective of this quantitative, population-based study was to investigate the link between sexual orientation and planning to move into a NH in old age.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from the most recent sixth wave of the nationally representative German Ageing Survey (n = 4,645) were used. The sexual orientation was dichotomized (heterosexual; sexual minorities including gay/lesbian, bisexual and other). Planning to move into a NH in the future (yes/no) was our outcome measure. Multiple logistic regressions were performed (adjusting for various socioeconomic, psychosocial and health-related covariates).

Results
Regressions showed that sexual orientation was not significantly associated with plans to move to a NH. Preference to move into NH were consistently positively associated with age (OR: 1.04 (1.02–1.07), not having at least one child (OR: 2.17 (1.41–3.36)), high education (OR: 3.82 (1.32–11.11)), greater loneliness (OR: 1.44 (1.05–1.96)) and worse physical functioning (OR: 0.99 (0.98–1.00)).

Conclusions
Unexpectedly, our results showed that plans to move to a NH did not differ significantly between heterosexual individuals and sexual minorities. This indicates that sexual orientation does not play a significant role in shaping preferences around moving into a NH ‘in general’. In contrast, other factors like age, greater loneliness and worse physical functioning were important. Those factors should be taken into account when shaping and updating policies on nursing homes.
Gender-Specific Drinking Contexts Are Associated With Social Harms Resulting From Drinking Among Australian Young Adults at 30 Years
Authors: Meque Ivete , Salom Caroline L , Betts Kim S , Najman Jake , Alati Rosa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Aims
Understanding contexts in which social harms from drinking occur can help develop context-based harm reduction efforts. However, there is little knowledge of specific drinking contexts where such harms occur and whether these are gender or age specific. We aimed to investigate associations of a range of drinking contexts and social harms from drinking among young adults at age 30.

Methods
We used data from 2187 30-year-old adults. Latent constructs of gender-specific drinking contexts were created using factor analysis. We performed multivariate logistic regression between drinking contexts and a range of social harms from drinking, separately by gender.

Results
After accounting for social roles and binge drinking, gender-specific solitary drinking contexts (‘home drinking’ for men and ‘daytime drinking’ for women) were positively associated with marital problems and problems with other family members and friends. Conversely, ‘social drinking’ was not. Work-related drinking among men was associated with marital/intimate relationship problems and friendship problems. After accounting for mental health symptoms, women’s home drinking was associated with marital problems.

Conclusion
We found that experiences of social harms from drinking at 30 years differ depending on the drinker’s gender and context. Our findings suggest that risky contexts and associated harms are still significant among 30-year-old adults, indicating that a range of gender-specific drinking contexts should be represented in harm reduction campaigns. The current findings also highlight the need to consider gender to inform context-based harm reduction measures and to widen the age target for these beyond emerging adults.
Warrants to conserve
Authors: Stanhope Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper is about reasons to conserve, in particular why some things warrant being conserved. In discussing G. A. Cohen’s conservatism, I find strains of four answers to the question why, presumptively, we should not sacrifice existing valuable things, a fortiori destroy them for no overall gain in value. After criticizing the first three, I develop the fourth into a deflationary proposal. That is, it implicates just one sub-type of value and takes certain first-order properties – or the value supervening on them – directly to warrant conservation of the things instantiating them. Rather than sanitizing status quo bias, moreover, my proposal happily bypasses it.
XV—On Consistency and Existence in Mathematics
Authors: Dean Walter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper engages the question ‘Does the consistency of a set of axioms entail the existence of a model in which they are satisfied?’ within the frame of the Frege-Hilbert controversy. The question is related historically to the formulation, proof and reception of Gödel’s Completeness Theorem. Tools from mathematical logic are then used to argue that there are precise senses in which Frege was correct to maintain that demonstrating consistency is as difficult as it can be, but also in which Hilbert was correct to maintain that demonstrating existence given consistency is as easy as it can be.
LongAGE: defining breakpoints of genomic structural variants through optimal and memory efficient alignments of long reads
Authors: Tran Quang , Abyzov Alexej 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Summary
Defining the precise location of structural variations (SVs) at single-nucleotide breakpoint resolution is a challenging problem due to large gaps in alignment. Previously, Alignment with Gap Excision (AGE) enabled us to define breakpoints of SVs at single-nucleotide resolution; however, AGE requires a vast amount of memory when aligning a pair of long sequences. To address this, we developed a memory-efficient implementation—LongAGE—based on the classical Hirschberg algorithm. We demonstrate an application of LongAGE for resolving breakpoints of SVs embedded into segmental duplications on Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) reads that can be longer than 10 kb. Furthermore, we observed different breakpoints for a deletion and a duplication in the same locus, providing direct evidence that such multi-allelic copy number variants (mCNVs) arise from two or more independent ancestral mutations.

Availability and implementation
LongAGE is implemented in C++ and available on Github at https://github.com/Coaxecva/LongAGE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Allometric scaling in two bushcricket species (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) suggests sexual selection on song-generating structures
Authors: Rebrina Fran , Anichini Marianna , Reinhold Klaus , Lehmann Gerlind U C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn acoustically communicating bushcrickets (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), most signal properties are influenced by the dimensions of the stridulatory apparatus, which in turn reflects body size and condition of the signaller. Females can assess male quality based on acoustic signals, suggesting that male stridulatory structures may be under sexual selection. We investigated scaling relationships between stridulatory structures, body size and body mass in males of the bushcricket Poecilimon veluchianus veluchianus, in comparison to the congeneric Poecilimon ampliatus. Stridulatory structures in P. v. veluchianus exhibited strong left–right correlation and coupling with body size and mass, indicating stabilizing selection for functional integration. In addition, sound-generating (the width of stridulatory teeth) and sound-radiating (mirror area on the right tegmen) structures scaled hyperallometrically to tegmen area, suggesting that both are under sexual selection. Finally, interspecies comparison revealed a steeper slope in tegmen area and stridulatory file length in relation to body size in P. ampliatus than in P. v. veluchianus, implying stronger sexual selection in the former, smaller species. Our study emphasizes the significance of a comparative allometric approach in elucidating evolutionary patterns of sound-generating and -radiating structures.
Ancient divergence, a crisis of salt and another of ice shaped the evolution of the west Mediterranean butterflyEuchloe tagis
Authors: Marabuto Eduardo , Pina-Martins Francisco , Rebelo Maria Teresa , Paulo Octávio S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Mediterranean region is an extremely complex hotspot where, since the Miocene, extensive geological, habitat and climate changes have taken place, alternating between warm and cold periods. These phenomena have taken a toll on the genetic composition of species, and surviving lineages have often adapted locally and diverged to the point of (complete) speciation. To study these phenomena, in this study we used one of the most enigmatic butterflies, the Portuguese dappled white, Euchloe tagis, a west Mediterranean endemic with fragmented, morphologically differentiated populations whose status have long been disputed. Even its affiliations with other Anthocharidini are largely unresolved. We used mitochondrial and nuclear markers under a phylogenetic and phylogeographical framework to evaluate its placement among relatives and population differentiation, reconstructing its evolutionary history. We found that this species had a Miocene origin ~15 Mya and was nearest to Euchloe s.s. and Elphinstonia. Its populations showed high genetic diversity but all coalesced to 5.3 Mya, when European and all but one African population diverged. Our multiple findings concerning the evolution of E. tagis through a changing, narrow habitable area might provide a more general perspective on how species survive within this hotspot of paramount importance.
Drug Control Policy, Normalization, and Symbolic Boundaries in Amsterdam’s Coffee Shops
Authors: Dickinson Timothy , Jacques Scott 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between drug control policy, normalization and symbolic boundary work among drug traders. Taking from interviews with 50 personnel in Amsterdam’s coffee shops, we find that Dutch drug policy shapes their understanding of what comprises morally acceptable drug use and sales. Conversely, the rules set by the state also guide personnel’s definitions of what is morally unacceptable: using hard drugs or committing predatory crimes. To normalize their own involvement with cannabis, personnel must identify potential rule breakers and criminals. To do so, they construct symbolic boundaries differentiating themselves from these persons. We conclude by discussing the theoretical implications of our findings for normalization and symbolic boundaries and by suggesting a potential negative secondary impact of cannabis decriminalization or legalization: the further marginalization of hard drug users.
Opening the Time Capsule of ACEs: Reflections on How we Conceptualise Children’s Experiences of Adversity and the Issue of Temporality
Authors: Devaney John , Frederick John , Spratt Trevor 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this article, we engage with some of the fundamental concepts underpinning the original adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) study and subsequent work, whilst recognising that the terminology of ACEs has in some ways become reductionist and problematic. Although an imperfect concept covering a range of childhood adversities at a personal, intrapersonal and community level, ACEs have utility in bridging scientific and lay communities. The evidence clearly identifies that ‘numbers matter’ and that whereas children may be able to cope with a little adversity over a short period of time when they have good support networks, too much adversity over too long a time period, even with good support, will be problematic for the child and their family. Alongside exploring the cumulative impact of adversity, social workers and other professionals need to engage with the temporal component of when adversity is experienced, and for how long, together with the consequences for helping services in deciding when to intervene and for what period of time. This opens the discussion of who is best placed to support children and families experiencing certain types of adversity and how we think about structural issues such as poverty and community violence within the ACEs discourse.
Covid-19 and the ‘new normal’: are remote video consultations here to stay?
Authors: Bidmead Elaine , Marshall Alison 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionDuring the UK Covid-19 lockdown, video consultations (telemedicine) were encouraged. The extent of usage, and to which concerns to earlier implementation were set aside, is unknown; this is worthy of exploration as data becomes available.Sources of dataSources of data are as follows: published case studies, editorials, news articles and government guidance.Areas of agreementVideo can be clinically effective, especially where patients cannot attend due to illness or infection risk. Patients are positive, and they can benefit from savings in time and money. Adoption of telemedicine is hindered by a range of known barriers including clinician resistance due to technological problems, disrupted routines, increased workload, decreased work satisfaction and organizational readiness.Areas of controversyDespite policy impetus and successful pilots, telemedicine has not been adopted at scale.Growing pointsIncreased use of telemedicine during the Covid-19 crisis presents opportunities to obtain robust evidence of issues and create service transformation effectively.Areas timely for developing researchExamination of telemedicine use during the Covid-19 crisis to ensure that the benefits and usage continue into the post-lockdown, ‘new normal’ world.
Cellular therapy options for genetic skin disorders with a focus on recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Naso Gaetano , Petrova Anastasia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Combinatorial cell and gene therapies for life-threatening inherited skin disorders have shown tremendous potential for preclinical and clinical implementation with significant progress made for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). To date, various cell lineages including resident skin cells and adult stem cells have been investigated for gene and cell therapy for RDEB reaching the clinical trial stage.

Sources of data
Sources of data are key recent literature, ClinicalTrials.gov, Clinicaltrialsregister.eu and pharma press releases.

Areas of agreement
Cell-based gene transfer using autologous patients’ cells has demonstrated positive outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials and highlighted the importance of targeting resident skin stem cells to achieve a meaningful long-term effect. Additionally, adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, have the potential to ameliorate systemic manifestations of the disease.

Areas of controversy
While proven safe, the clinical trials of localized treatment have reported only modest and transient improvements. On the other hand, the risks associated with systemic therapies remain high and should be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. It is unclear to what extent adult stem cells can contribute to skin regeneration/wound healing.

Growing points
Further research is warranted in order to fulfil the potential of cellular therapies for RDEB. The development of combinatorial gene and cell-based approaches is required to achieve long-term clinical benefits.

Areas timely for developing research
Induced pluripotent stem cells can potentially provide a valuable source of autologous patient material for cellular therapies. In addition, recent advances in the field of gene editing can overcome hurdles associated with conventional gene addition approaches.

Data Availability Statement
No new data were generated or analysed in support of this review.
The verbal, non-verbal and structural bases of functional communication abilities in aphasia
Authors: Schumacher Rahel , Bruehl Stefanie , Halai Ajay D , Lambon Ralph Matthew A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The ability to communicate, functionally, after stroke or other types of acquired brain injury is crucial for the person involved and the people around them. Accordingly, assessment of functional communication is increasingly used in large-scale randomized controlled trials as the primary outcome measure. Despite the importance of functional communication abilities to everyday life and their centrality to the measured efficacy of aphasia interventions, there is little knowledge about how commonly used measures of functional communication relate to each other, whether they capture and grade the full range of patients’ remaining communication skills and how these abilities relate to the patients’ verbal and non-verbal impairments as well as the underpinning lesions. Going beyond language-only factors is essential given that non-verbal abilities can play a crucial role in an individual’s ability to communicate effectively. This study, based on a large sample of patients covering the full range and types of post-stroke aphasia, addressed these important, open questions. The investigation combined data from three established measures of functional communication with a thorough assessment of verbal and non-verbal cognition as well as structural neuroimaging. The key findings included: (i) due to floor or ceiling effects, the full range of patients’ functional communication abilities was not captured by a single assessment alone, limiting the utility of adopting individual tests as outcome measures in randomized controlled trials; (ii) phonological abilities were most strongly related to all measures of functional communication and (iii) non-verbal cognition was particularly crucial when language production was relatively impaired and other modes of communication were allowed, when patients rated their own communication abilities, and when carers rated patients’ basic communication abilities. Finally, in addition to lesion load being significantly related to all measures of functional communication, lesion analyses showed partially overlapping clusters in language regions for the functional communication tests. Moreover, mirroring the findings from the regression analyses, additional regions previously associated with non-verbal cognition emerged for the Scenario Test and for the Patient Communication Outcome after Stroke rating scale. In conclusion, our findings elucidated the cognitive and neural bases of functional communication abilities, which may inform future clinical practice regarding assessments and therapy. In particular, it is necessary to use more than one measure to capture the full range and multifaceted nature of patients’ functional communication abilities and a therapeutic focus on non-verbal cognition might have positive effects on this important aspect of activity and participation.
Comprehensive Analysis of Long-Range Connectivity from and to the Posterior Parietal Cortex of the Mouse
Authors: Oh Seung Wook , Son Sook Jin , Morris John A , Choi Joon Ho , Lee Changkyu , Rah Jong-Cheol 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a major multimodal association cortex implicated in a variety of higher order cognitive functions, such as visuospatial perception, spatial attention, categorization, and decision-making. The PPC is known to receive inputs from a collection of sensory cortices as well as various subcortical areas and integrate those inputs to facilitate the execution of functions that require diverse information. Although many recent works have been performed with the mouse as a model system, a comprehensive understanding of long-range connectivity of the mouse PPC is scarce, preventing integrative interpretation of the rapidly accumulating functional data. In this study, we conducted a detailed neuroanatomic and bioinformatic analysis of the Allen Mouse Brain Connectivity Atlas data to summarize afferent and efferent connections to/from the PPC. Then, we analyzed variability between subregions of the PPC, functional/anatomical modalities, and species, and summarized the organizational principle of the mouse PPC. Finally, we confirmed key results by using additional neurotracers. A comprehensive survey of the connectivity will provide an important future reference to comprehend the function of the PPC and allow effective paths forward to various studies using mice as a model system.