bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, determinants and knowledge about herbal medicine and non-hospital utilisation in southwest Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aina Olujimi , Gautam Lata , Simkhada Padam , Hall Sarah 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence, determinants, safety perceptions, effectiveness and knowledge of herbal medicines (HMs) and reasons for non-hospital utilisation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingEkiti state, southwest Nigeria.ParticipantsA representative sample (n=1600) of adults (18 years or above) currently living in Ekiti state, southwest Nigeria for at least 2 years, at the time of study.ResultsThe majority of the respondents (85% n=1265) have used HMs in the last 2 years. Across economic classes use, middle income (88.3%) was the highest (p<0.001), suggesting poverty is not a major factor, even with income inequality. Their use was the most common among respondents with a primary level of education (91.4%, p=0.001); and 100% use (p=0.009) of respondents practising African traditional religion; farmers and those 70 years or above. Our study also reveals more men (p<0.001) used HMs (89.9%) than women (78.6%) and effectiveness was a major reason for use (39.6%) followed by affordability (31.9%). Although the majority of the respondents (90%) knew the difference between certified and uncertified HMs, uncertified ones were the most commonly used (37.3%) in the population.ConclusionAlthough there is a cultural history of HM use within the study population, the choice of use was based on their effectiveness. Therefore, a scientifically valid analysis of this claim within the study population may help achieve a cheaper and affordable healthcare alternative which will be safe. This is important, considering that uncertified HMs were chosen over certified ones, even though a large majority of respondents were aware of differences and likely consequences. This study highlights the need for further investment by the government, individuals and corporate stakeholders in HM research and improvement of conventional healthcare system. This is in addition to public health awareness on the danger of use of uncertified herbal products.
Primary tonsillar histiocytic sarcoma in two dogs
Authors: Llanos Cesar , Lara Ana , Elliott James 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYAn eight‐year‐old, female‐spayed Golden Retriever was presented with a tonsillar mass, which was diagnosed as histiocytic sarcoma (HS), following tonsillectomy. Clinical staging revealed no regional lymph node or distant metastasis. Following adjuvant lomustine treatment, the patient remains alive with no evidence of tumour recurrence 18 months after diagnosis. Additionally, a five‐year‐old, male‐entire Golden Retriever presented with an enlarged retropharyngeal lymph node was also diagnosed with HS. A primary tonsillar mass, extensive regional lymph node involvement and suspected early pulmonary metastasis were discovered following clinical staging. After a cytoreductive surgery and no adjuvant chemotherapy, the dog was euthanased two months following diagnosis with progressive distant metastasis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report documenting primary tonsillar HS in the dog. This case report illustrates an excellent outcome of a dog with localised HS following surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. However, prognosis remains guarded for dogs with disseminated disease, especially when chemotherapy is not used.
The effect of maternal protein restriction during perinatal life on the inflammatory response in pediatric rats
Authors: Veldhuizen Ruud A.W. , Baer Brandon , McCaig Lynda A. , Solomon Lauren A. , Cameron Lisa , Hardy Daniel B. 
Published: September 2020

Fetal growth restriction can affect health outcomes in postnatal life. This study tested the hypothesis that the response to an inflammatory pulmonary insult is altered in pediatric fetal growth restricted rats. Using a low-protein diet during gestation and postnatal life, growth-restricted male and female rats and healthy control rats were exposed to an inflammatory insult via the intratracheal instillation of heat-killed bacteria. After 6 h, animal lungs were examined for lung inflammation and status of the surfactant system. The results showed that in response to an inflammatory insult, neutrophil infiltration was decreased in both male and female rats in the growth-restricted animals compared with the control rats. The amount of surfactant was increased in the growth-restricted animals compared with the control rats, regardless of the inflammatory insult. It is concluded that fetal growth restriction results in increased surfactant and altered neutrophil responses following pulmonary insult.
Effect of Antibiotics on Gut and Vaginal Microbiomes Associated with Cervical Cancer Development in Mice
Authors: Karpinets Tatiana V. , Solley Travis N. , Mikkelson Megan D. , Dorta-Estremera Stephanie , Nookala Sita S. , Medrano Andrea Y. Delgado , Petrosino Joseph F. , Mezzari Melissa P. , Zhang Jinghua , Futreal P. Andrew , Sastry K. Jagannadha , Colbert Lauren E. , Klopp Ann 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Antibiotics affect microbial diversity in the gut, leading to dysbiosis and impaired immunity. However, the impact of antibiotics on microbial communities at other sites, such as vagina is less understood. It is also not clear whether changes induced by antibiotics in both microbiomes affect the development of cervical cancer. In this study, we utilized the murine model to evaluate these questions. We show that oral application of broad-spectrum antibiotics in mice changed not only diversity, but composition and sharing of gut and vaginal microbiomes in mice and influenced cervical cancer development in an orthotopic tumor model. Antibiotics decreased richness and diversity indexes in the gut but increased them in the vagina. Some beneficial taxa, such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae increased their abundance in the vagina while other pathogenic species, such as Proteobacteria, were decreased. As a result of the changes, mice with greater richness and diversity of the vaginal microbiome after antibiotics exposure were less likely developed tumors. No association between richness and diversity of the gut microbiome and tumor development was identified.
O cuidado com a população em situação de rua: o consultório na rua nas redes de atenção à saúde e Intersetorial: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Françoso Paulo Alexandre , Mângia Elisabete Ferreira , Muramoto Melissa Tieko 
Published: September 2020

O Consultório na Rua (CnR) nasce como dispositivo que visa garantir acesso a cuidados em saúde para a População em Situação de Rua (PSR), tendo como uma de suas atribuições a articulação da Rede de Saúde e Intersetorial, em reconhecimento à multiplicidade de necessidades dessa população e a partir de concepção ampliada de saúde. Há, no entanto, desafios a serem superados para a efetivação desse trabalho, que variam desde burocracias que necessitam ser flexibilizadas para se adequar à realidade da PSR, até o preconceito e as contradições entre ações dos diversos atores estatais que se relacionam com essa população. O CnR tem sido potente no enfrentamento desse cenário, mas também insuficiente frente à profundidade das estruturas sociais e econômicas que o sustentam.
Avaliação do desenvolvimento motor de recém-nascidos prematuros extremos e moderados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal
Authors: Salvagni Kelen , Gerzson Laís Rodrigues , Almeida Carla Skilhan de 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: avaliar o desenvolvimento motor de recém nascidos prematuros extremos e comparar ao desenvolvimento motor dos recém-nascidos prematuros moderados, em uma UTI Neonatal. Métodos: estudo transversal onde foram avaliados 16 neonatos, cinco prematuros extremos e 11 prematuros moderados, classificados pelo Test of Infant Motor Performance. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho motor entre o grupo de prematuros extremos e moderados, entretanto, a prematuridade extrema reduziu 4,74 pontos no escore. Na correlação entre os fatores de risco e o desenvolvimento motor, o uso de ventilação mecânica não invasiva e o Apgar no 1º minuto foram associados estatisticamente com o desempenho motor atípico. As demais variáveis não apresentaram correlação significativa com o desenvolvimento motor. Conclusão: não houve associação entre a idade gestacional e o desenvolvimento motor de neonatos prematuros.
Relationship Between Cardiac Fibroblast Activation Protein Activity by Positron Emission Tomography and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Heckmann Markus B. , Reinhardt Finn , Finke Daniel , Katus Hugo A. , Haberkorn Uwe , Leuschner Florian , Lehmann Lorenz H. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
FAP (fibroblast activation protein) plays an important role in cardiac wound healing and remodeling. Although initially developed as a theranostic ligand for metastasized cancer, FAPI (FAP inhibitor) tracers have recently been used to study cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction in small-animal models. The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of FAP via FAPI–positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans in human hearts.

Methods:
FAPI–positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans of 229 patients of 2 consecutive cohorts (modeling cohort: n=185; confirmatory cohort: n=44) suffering from metastasized cancer were analyzed applying the American Heart Association 17-segment model of the left ventricle. Logistic regression models were created using data from the modeling cohort. Multivariate regression models were established using Akaike information criterion in a step-down approach.

Results:

Fourteen percent of patients had preexisting coronary artery disease (n=31), 33% arterial hypertension (n=75), and 12% diabetes mellitus type II (n=28). Forty-three percent had been treated with platin derivatives (n=100), 14% with anthracyclines (n=32), and 10% had a history of prior radiation to the chest (n=23). High left ventricular FAPI signals correlated with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (odds ratio [OR], 4.3,
P
=0.0029), a focal myocardial signal pattern (OR, 3.9,
P
=0.0068), diabetes mellitus type II (OR, 4.1,
P
=0.046), and beta-blocker use (OR, 3.8,
P
=0.049) in univariate regression models. In a multivariate analysis, increased signal intensity was significantly higher in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (overweight [OR, 2.6,
P
=0.023], diabetes mellitus type II [OR, 2.9,
P
=0.041], certain chemotherapies [platinum derivatives; OR, 3.0,
P
=0.034], and a history of radiation to the chest [OR, 3.5,
P
=0.024]). A focal enrichment pattern was more frequently observed in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors (
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
FAPI–positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans represent a new imaging modality to investigate cardiac FAP. High signal intensities correlate with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic disease.
Metabolic Changes Precede Radiation‐Induced Cardiac Remodeling in Beagles: Using Noninvasive
18
F‐FDG (
18
F‐Fludeoxyglucose) and
13
N‐Ammonia Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Yan Rui , Li Xiang , Song Jianbo , Guo Min , Cai Honghong , Wu Zhifang , Wu Ping , Li Li , Yang Minfu , Wang Yuetao , Li Sijin 
Published: September 2020

Background
This study was performed to characterize the metabolic, functional, and structural cardiac changes in a canine model of radiation‐induced heart disease by serial in vivo imaging and ex vivo analyses.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐six dogs were randomly assigned to control or irradiated groups at 3 time points (months 3, 6, and 12 after radiation; each group comprised 6 dogs). The left anterior myocardium of dogs in irradiated groups was irradiated locally with a single dose of 20‐Gy X‐ray. The irradiated myocardial regions showed increased myocardial uptake of
18
F‐FDG (
18
F‐fludeoxyglucose) in the irradiated beagles, but the increased uptake area decreased at months 6 and 12 compared with month 3 after radiation. Abnormality of myocardial perfusion and cardiac function were detected at month 6 after radiation. Compared with the control groups, the protein expression of GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) was upregulated in the irradiated groups, correlating with significantly decreased CPT1 (carnitine acyltransferase 1) expression. Mitochondria degeneration, swelling, and count reduction in the irradiated groups were observed. The difference in CD68 of macrophage markers and the inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 [interleukin 6], TNF‐α [tumor necrosis factor α]) between the irradiation and control groups was not significant. Furthermore, the progressive aggravation of apoptosis and fibrosis was displayed.

Conclusions

Elevated
18
F‐FDG uptake occurred after irradiation and subsequently led to ventricular perfusion defects and dysfunction. The process was associated with myocardial metabolic substrate remodeling, cardiac muscle cell apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis rather than inflammation.
Triple Collocation Evaluation of In Situ Soil Moisture Observations from 1200+ Stations as part of the U.S. National Soil Moisture Network
Authors: Ford Trent W. , Quiring Steven M. , Zhao Chen , Leasor Zachary T. , Landry Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil moisture is an important variable for numerous scientific disciplines, and therefore provision of accurate and timely soil moisture information is critical. Recent initiatives, such as the National Soil Moisture Network effort, have increased the spatial coverage and quality of soil moisture monitoring infrastructure across the contiguous United States. As a result, the foundation has been laid for a high-resolution, real-time gridded soil moisture product that leverages data from in situ networks, satellite platforms, and land surface models. An important precursor to this development is a comprehensive, national-scale assessment of in situ soil moisture data fidelity. Additionally, evaluation of the United States’s current in situ soil moisture monitoring infrastructure can provide a means toward more informed satellite and model calibration and validation. This study employs a triple collocation approach to evaluate the fidelity of in situ soil moisture observations from over 1200 stations across the contiguous United States. The primary goal of the study is to determine the monitoring stations that are best suited for 1) inclusion in national-scale soil moisture datasets, 2) deriving in situ–informed gridded soil moisture products, and 3) validating and benchmarking satellite and model soil moisture data. We find that 90% of the 1233 stations evaluated exhibit high spatial consistency with satellite remote sensing and land surface model soil moisture datasets. In situ error did not significantly vary by climate, soil type, or sensor technology, but instead was a function of station-specific properties such as land cover and station siting.
Weight-Based Enoxaparin Achieves Adequate Anti-Xa Levels More Often in Trauma Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Stutsrim Ashlee E. , Eady J. Matthew , Collum Magdalena , Rebo Gerald J. , Rebo Kristin A. , Miller Preston R. , Nunn Andrew M. 
Published: September 2020

Background Previous research demonstrates that twice-daily enoxaparin is inadequate for venous thromboembolic (VTE) prophylaxis in critically ill trauma patients prompting dose adjustment based on anti-Xa levels. Most studies evaluate peak anti-Xa levels; however, data suggest that trough levels are associated with decreased VTE. We evaluated trough anti-Xa levels in noncritically ill trauma patients receiving fixed or weight-based enoxaparin. Methods Peak and trough anti-Xa levels were prospectively collected from patients receiving at least 3 consecutive doses of enoxaparin (PRE). A performance improvement project prompted a change to weight-based dosing. Peak and trough levels were subsequently prospectively collected from the weight-based group (POST). Adequate peak was defined as ≥0.2 IU/mL and adequate trough as ≥0.1 IU/mL. PRE and POST groups were compared. Results 200 patients were evaluated (100 PRE, 100 POST). In the PRE group, only 34% of trough and 61% of peak anti-Xa levels were adequate compared with 82% and 97%, respectively, in the POST group ( P < .01). Median trough improved from 0.07 IU/mL to 0.2 IU/mL ( P < .01). Median peak improved from 0.22 IU/mL to 0.47 IU/mL ( P < .01). More patients achieved adequate peak and trough levels in the POST group (79% vs 31%, P < .01). 95% of patients with adequate troughs also had adequate peaks, whereas 75% with adequate peaks had adequate troughs. Discussion Traditional enoxaparin dosing in noncritically ill trauma patients results in suboptimal anti-Xa levels. Weight-based enoxaparin improves both trough and peak anti-Xa levels obviating dose adjustment. Furthermore, troughs better predict adequate anti-Xa levels.
Predicting Discharge Disposition in Trauma Patients: Development, Validation, and Generalization of a Model Using the National Trauma Data Bank
Authors: Graham Mitchell , Parikh Pratik , Hirpara Sagar , McCarthy Mary C. , Haut Elliott R. , Parikh Priti P. 
Published: September 2020

Background Limited work has been done in predicting discharge disposition in trauma patients; most studies use single institutional data and have limited generalizability. This study develops and validates a model to predict, at admission, trauma patients’ discharge disposition using NTDB, transforms the model into an easy-to-use score, and subsequently evaluates its generalizability on institutional data. Methods NTDB data were used to build and validate a binary logistic regression model using derivation-validation (ie, train-test) approach to predict patient disposition location (home vs non-home) upon admission. The model was then converted into a trauma disposition score (TDS) using an optimization-based approach. The generalizability of TDS was evaluated on institutional data from a single Level I trauma center in the U.S. Results A total of 614 625 patients in the NTDB were included in the study; 212 684 (34.6%) went to a non-home location. Patients with a non-home disposition compared to home had significantly higher age (69 ± 19.7 vs 48.3 ± 20.3) and ISS (11.2 ± 8.2 vs 8.2 ± 6.3); P < .001. Older age, female sex, higher ISS, comorbidities (cancer, cardiovascular, coagulopathy, diabetes, hepatic, neurological, psychiatric, renal, substance abuse), and Medicare insurance were independent predictors of non-home discharge. The logistic regression model’s AUC was 0.8; TDS achieved a correlation of 0.99 and performed similarly well on institutional data (n = 3161); AUC = 0.8. Conclusion We developed a score based on a large national trauma database that has acceptable performance on local institutions to predict patient discharge disposition at the time of admission. TDS can aid in early discharge preparation for likely-to-be non-home patients and may improve hospital efficiency.
De-Epithelialized Heterotopic Tracheal Allografts without Immunosuppressants in Dogs: Long-Term Results for Cartilage Viability and Structural Integrity
Authors: Cui Pengcheng , Liu Pengfei , Li Shuqin , Ma Ruina 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Reconstruction of long segmental tracheal defects is difficult because no ideal tracheal substitutes are currently available. Tracheal allotransplantation maintains cartilage and epithelium viability but requires immunosuppression because of epithelial immunogenicity. We aimed to obtain an epithelium-decellularized allograft that maintains cartilage viability and to evaluate long-term outcomes of such allografts implanted on dog backs without immunosuppressants. Methods: Twenty-five tracheas harvested from mongrel dogs were used to explore the period of epithelium decellularization by combined use of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and an organ preservation solution and to assess the chondrocyte viability and immunogenicity of the tracheas after decellularization. Sixteen epithelium-decellularized tracheal allografts and 10 fresh tracheal segments (6 cm long) were implanted in 26 beagles for durations of 10 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were used to evaluate the morphology, viability, and immune rejection of the allografts. Safranin-O staining was used to detect glycosaminoglycans. Results: The epithelium disappeared after 24 hours of decellularization. At 72 hours, almost no nuclei remained in the mucosa, while the mean survival rate of chondrocytes was 88.1%. Histological analysis demonstrated that the allograft retained intact tracheal rings and viable cartilage after heterotopic implantation for 1 year, with no immunological rejection. There were no significant differences in the glycosaminoglycan contents among the implanted epithelium-decellularized allografts. Conclusions: Epithelium-decellularized tracheal allografts with chondrocyte viability can be achieved by combined use of a detergent and organ preservation solution, which showed satisfactory cartilage viability and structural integrity after long-term heterotopic transplantation. Further studies on orthotopic transplantation are needed to assess the feasibility of allografts in reconstructing long segmental tracheal defects.
Assessment of Joint Angle and Reach Envelope Demands Using a Video-Based Physical Demands Description Tool
Authors: McKinnon Colin D. , Sonne Michael W. , Keir Peter J. 
Published: September 2020

Background Current methods for describing physical work demands often lack detail and format standardization, require technical training and expertise, and are time-consuming to complete. A video-based physical demands description (PDD) tool may improve time and accuracy concerns associated with current methods. Methods Ten simulated occupational tasks were synchronously recorded using a motion capture system and digital video. The tasks included a variety of industrial tasks from lifting to drilling to overhead upper extremity tasks of different cycle times. The digital video was processed with a novel video-based assessment tool to produce 3D joint trajectories (PDAi), and joint angle and reach envelope measures were calculated and compared between both data sources. Results Root mean squared error between video-based and motion capture posture estimated ranged from 89.0 mm to 118.6 mm for hand height and reach distance measures, and from 13.5° to 21.6° for trunk, shoulder, and elbow angle metrics. Continuous data were reduced to time-weighted bins, and video-based posture estimates showed 75% overall agreement and quadratic-weight Cohen’s kappa scores ranging from 0.29 to 1.0 compared to motion capture data across all posture metrics. Conclusion and Application The substantial level of agreement between time-weighted bins for video-based and motion capture measures suggest that video-based job task assessment may be a viable approach to improve accuracy and standardization of field physical demands descriptions and minimize error in joint posture and reach envelope estimates compared to traditional pen-and-paper methods.