bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restriction of Dietary Phosphate Ameliorates Skeletal Abnormalities in a Mouse Model for Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia
Authors: Fujii Yasuyuki , Kozak Eszter , Dutra Eliane , Varadi Andras , Reichenberger Ernst J , Chen I-Ping 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia (CMD), a rare genetic bone disorder, is characterized by lifelong progressive thickening of craniofacial bones and metaphyseal flaring of long bones. The autosomal dominant form of CMD is caused by mutations in the progressive ankylosis gene ANKH (mouse ortholog Ank), encoding a pyrophosphate (PPi) transporter. We previously reported reduced formation and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in a knockin (KI) mouse model for CMD (AnkKI/KI) and in CMD patients. We also showed rapid protein degradation of mutant ANK/ANKH. Mutant ANK protein displays reduced PPi transport, which may alter the inorganic phosphate (Pi) and PPi ratio, an important regulatory mechanism for bone mineralization. Here we investigate whether reducing dietary Pi intake can ameliorate the CMD-like skeletal phenotype by comparing male and female Ank+/+ and AnkKI/KI mice exposed to a low (0.3%) and normal (0.7%) Pi diet for 13 weeks from birth. Serum Pi and calcium (Ca) levels were not significantly changed by diet, whereas PTH and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) were decreased by low Pi diet but only in male Ank+/+ mice. Importantly, the 0.3% Pi diet significantly ameliorated mandibular hyperostosis in both sexes of AnkKI/KI mice. A tendency of decreased femoral trabeculation was observed in male and female Ank+/+ mice as well as in male AnkKI/KI mice fed with the 0.3% Pi diet. In contrast, in female AnkKI/KI mice the 0.3% Pi diet resulted in increased metaphyseal trabeculation. This was also the only group that showed increased bone formation rate. Low Pi diet led to increased osteoclast numbers and increased bone resorption in all mice. We conclude that lowering but not depleting dietary Pi delays the development of craniofacial hyperostosis in CMD mice without severely compromising serum levels of Pi, Ca, PTH, and 25-OHD. These findings may have implications for better clinical care of patients with CMD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Normal reference values of three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography‐derived mitral annular dimensions and functional properties in healthy adults: Insights from the MAGYAR‐Healthy Study
Authors: Nemes Attila , Kormányos Árpád , Domsik Péter , Kalapos Anita , Gyenes Nándor , Lengyel Csaba 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThere is a limited number of echocardiographic studies determining mitral annular (MA) dimensions in healthy subjects. The present study aimed to establish normal reference values of three‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography‐derived MA dimensions and functional properties in healthy adults in relation with age and gender.MethodsThe present study comprised 298 healthy adult subjects. From this population, 94 subjects were excluded due to inadequate image quality. Therefore the remaining group consisted of 204 subjects with the mean age of 33.88 ± 12.97 years (107 males). The population sample was further divided into age categories: 18‐29 years (n = 105; mean age: 24.11 ± 2.98 years, 51 males), 30‐39 years (n = 44; mean age: 33.80 ± 2.39 years, 31 males), 40‐49 years (n = 19; mean age: 43.47 ± 3.18 years, 11 males) and ≥50 years of age (n = 36, mean age: 57.42 ± 6.11 years, 14 males).ResultsEnd‐diastolic MA dimensions did not change significantly during the decades. End‐systolic MA diameter, area, and perimeter were larger over the age of 50 years than in the 18‐29 year‐old group. MA fractional area change was found smaller over the age of 50 years than in 18‐29‐year‐old group. While end‐diastolic MA variables did not show gender‐differences, end‐systolic MA area and perimeter were lower in females in the 18‐29‐year‐old group.ConclusionsEnd‐systolic MA dimensions change over decades, resulting in a special pattern of MA functional properties with significant reduction over the age of 50 years.
Novelty and emergent patterns in sperm: Morphological diversity and evolution of spermatozoa and sperm conjugation in ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Gómez R. Antonio , Maddison David R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe beetle family Carabidae, with about 40,000 species, exhibits enough diversity in sperm structure and behavior to be an excellent model system for studying patterns and processes of evolution. We explore their potential, documenting sperm form in 177 species of ground beetles using light microscopy and collecting data on one qualitative and seven quantitative phenotypic traits. Our sampling captures 61% of the tribal‐level diversity of ground beetles. These data highlight the notable morphological diversity of sperm in ground beetles and suggest that sperm in the group have dynamic evolutionary histories with much morphological innovation and convergence. Sperm vary among species in total length (48–3,400 μm), head length (0.5–270 μm), and head width (0.2–6.3 μm). Most ground beetles make sperm with heads that are indistinct from the flagella at the gross morphological level. However, some or all Omophron, Trachypachus, and Dyschiriini make broad‐headed sperm that show morphological differences between species. Most ground beetles package their sperm into groups of sperm, termed conjugates, and ground beetles show variation in conjugate form and in the number and arrangement of sperm in a conjugate. Most ground beetles make sperm conjugates by embedding their sperm in a hyaline rod or spermatostyle. The spermatostyle is remarkably variable among species and varies in length from 17 to 41,000 μm. Several unrelated groups of ground beetles make only singleton sperm, including Nebriinae, Cicindelinae, many Trechinae, and the tribe Paussini. In order to study patterns in sperm evolution, we combine these data with a low‐resolution phylogeny of ground beetles. Results from modern comparative analyses suggest the following: (a) sperm differ from conjugates in some aspect of their underlying evolutionary process, (b) sperm have influenced conjugate evolution and vice versa, and (c) conjugation with a spermatostyle likely evolved early within the history of Carabidae and it has been lost independently at least three times.
Revisiting the palaeoenvironmental and climatic history of the Cherangani Hills using fungal spores
Authors: Cheruiyot Vicky Chelangat , Gebregiorgis Daniel , Opiyo Benjamin , Kiage Lawrence Morara 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTFungi are highly sensitive to environmental and climatic changes. Palaeoecological reconstructions utilising tropical African fungal spores, however, are rare and patchy. Here, we show that fossil fungal spores preserved in core KAP‐01 from the Cherangani Hills in Kenya tracks critical environmental changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), largely synchronous with observations in the pollen record from the same site. Consistent with the pollen record, the presence of fungal taxa in the record, albeit meagre, during the LGM point to an intermittent wetter Cherangani that allowed for the presence of the observed taxa and the prevalence of cool, dry conditions during the last deglaciation. The elevated fungal spore activity during the Late Holocene is evidence for warm, moist environmental conditions and broadly consistent with the pollen record. These different fungal spore taxa, which can be employed to track distinct environmental conditions and processes, provide a dimension that can be overlooked if the reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment were to rely solely on pollen. Thus the fungal spore record enables us to affirm the interpretation of the prevalence of warm, moist conditions evident from such as the Holocene pollen record.
Estimating the economic impact of tourism in German wine regions
Authors: Tafel Maximilian , Szolnoki Gergely 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith an economic impact of EUR 291 billion, Germany is the number‐one European country in terms of tourism revenue. German wine regions have a long history of production, but the value of these regions as tourism destinations has only recently received recognition. In the last few years, wine tourism has gained increasing importance and is believed to result in sustainable development by creating jobs while at the same time preserving a region's heritage. The aim of this paper is to estimate the economic impact of tourism in German wine regions in order to help stakeholders make the right policy and investment decisions. Therefore, a modified multiplier model was developed that allows for the economic impact of wine tourism to be assessed. By collecting 4,448 questionnaires in all 13 German wine regions, travelers provided information about their travel behavior, expenditures, and socio‐demographic characteristics. After conducting segmentation, the economic impact of tourism as well as wine tourism was estimated for each of the wine regions. The results show that tourism in German wine regions has an economic impact of EUR 26.4 billion, providing 384,878 people with their primary income. Due to higher expenditures, wine tourists show a disproportionately high economic impact of EUR 5.0 billion, which makes this niche market generate income for 71,846 people. The right investments in this lucrative market could help balance regional economic disparities and achieve sustainable tourism development in the country.
First‐Trimester Nonvisualization of the Parotid Gland and Aneuploidy in Fetuses With Increased Nuchal Translucency
Authors: Perlman Sharon , Sukenik‐Helevy Rivka , Odeh Marwan , Keren Gilat Efrat , Gilboa Yinon 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesAplasia and hypoplasia of the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands, were reported to be associated with trisomy 21. This study aimed to evaluate the value of first‐trimester nonvisualization of the parotid gland in a high‐risk population of fetuses with increased nuchal translucency (NT).MethodsA single‐center prospective observational cohort study was conducted. The feasibility of imaging the parotid gland was assessed in 100 sequential cases of routine low‐risk NT scans. In a 2‐dimensional image in an axial plane at the level of the fetal mandible, the parotid glands appear as bilateral hyperechoic round areas. Cases referred for counseling for an NT measured above the 95th percentile for gestational age were evaluated for visualization of the parotid glands. Prenatal findings were correlated with fetal genetic analysis results.ResultsForty‐two cases with increased NT constituted the final study group. Within the group with nonvisualization of the parotid gland, genetic testing revealed 9 cases of trisomy 21, 3 cases of trisomy 18, and 1 case of monosomy X. The sensitivity and specificity of nonvisualization of the parotid gland as a predictor of aneuploidy were 76% and 80%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and relative risk were 3.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67–8.74), 0.29 (95% CI, 0.12–0.71), and 4.33 (95% CI, 1.69–11.09; P < .01). The negative predictive value was 95.14%.ConclusionsFirst‐trimester nonvisualization of the parotid gland may constitute a potential method for detection of aneuploid fetuses within a high‐risk population.
On Bohr's theorem for general Dirichlet series
Authors: Schoolmann I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present quantitative versions of Bohr's theorem on general Dirichlet series assuming different assumptions on the frequency , including the conditions introduced by Bohr and Landau. Therefore, using the summation method by typical (first) means invented by M. Riesz, without any condition on λ, we give upper bounds for the norm of the partial sum operator of length N on the space of all somewhere convergent λ‐Dirichlet series, which allow a holomorphic and bounded extension to the open right half plane . As a consequence for some classes of λ's we obtain a Montel theorem in ; the space of all which converge on . Moreover, following the ideas of Neder we give a construction of frequencies λ for which fails to be complete.
Superconvergence analysis of a nonconforming finite element method for monotone semilinear elliptic optimal control problems
Authors: Guan Hongbo , Shi Dongyang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA nonconforming finite element method (FEM) is proposed for optimal control problems (OCPs) governed by monotone semilinear elliptic equations. The state and adjoint state are approximated by the nonconforming elements, and the control is approximated by the orthogonal projection of the adjoint state, respectively. Some global supercloseness and superconvergence estimates are achieved by making full use of the distinguish characters of this element, such as the interpolation equals to its Ritz projection, and the consistency error is 1 − ε ( is small enough) order higher than its interpolation error in the broken energy norm when the exact solution belongs to H3 − ε(Ω). Finally, some numerical results are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Mild Exercise Does Not Prevent Atherosclerosis in APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP Mice or Improve Lipoprotein Profile of Men with Obesity
Authors: In het Panhuis Wietse , Kooijman Sander , Brouwers Bram , Verhoeven Aswin , Pronk Amanda C.M. , Streefland Trea C.M. , Giera Martin , Schrauwen Patrick , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Schönke Milena 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveExercise has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health, yet neither the molecular connection nor the effects of exercise timing have been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ad libitum or time‐restricted mild exercise reduces atherosclerosis development in atherosclerosis‐prone dyslipidemic APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice and whether mild exercise training in men with obesity affects lipoprotein levels.MethodsMice were group‐housed and subjected to ad libitum or time‐restricted (first or last 6 hours of the active phase) voluntary wheel running for 16 weeks while on a cholesterol‐rich diet, after which atherosclerosis development was assessed in the aortic root. Furthermore, nine men with obesity followed a 12‐week mild exercise training program. Lipoprotein levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in plasma collected pre and post exercise training.ResultsWheel running did not affect plasma lipid levels, uptake of triglyceride‐derived fatty acids by tissues, and aortic atherosclerotic lesion size or severity. Markers of training status were unaltered. Exercise training in men with obesity did not alter lipoprotein levels.ConclusionsMild exercise training does not reduce dyslipidemia or atherosclerosis development in APOE*3‐Leiden.CETP mice or affect lipoprotein levels in humans. Future research on the effects of (time‐restricted) exercise on atherosclerosis or lipid metabolism should consider more vigorous exercise protocols.
Bias in case‐crossover studies of medications due to persistent use: A simulation study
Authors: Bykov Katsiaryna , Wang Shirley V. , Hallas Jesper , Pottegård Anton , Maclure Malcolm , Gagne Joshua J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeThe case‐crossover design is increasingly used to evaluate the effects of chronic medications; however, as traditionally implemented in pharmacoepidemiology, with referent period preceding the outcome, it may lead to bias in the presence of persistent exposures. We aimed to evaluate the extent and magnitude of bias in case‐crossover analyses of chronic and persistent exposures, using simulations.MethodsWe simulated cohorts with either 30‐day, 180‐day, or 2‐year exposure duration; and with varying degrees of persistence (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, or 90% of patients not stopping exposure). We evaluated all scenarios under the null and the scenario with 30% persistence under varying exposure effects (odds ratios of 0.25 to 4.0). Cohorts were analyzed using conditional logistic regression that compared the odds of exposure on the outcome day to the odds of exposure on a referent day 30 days prior to the outcome. We further implemented the case‐time‐control design to evaluate its ability to adjust for bias from persistence.ResultsCase‐crossover analyses produced unbiased estimates across all scenarios without persistent users, regardless of exposure duration. In scenarios where some patients persisted on treatment, case‐crossover analyses resulted in upward bias, which increased with increasing proportion of persistent users, but did not vary substantially in relation to the magnitude of the true effect. Case‐time‐control analyses removed bias in all scenarios.ConclusionsInvestigators should be aware of bias due to treatment persistence in unidirectional case‐crossover analyses of chronic medications, which can be remedied with a control group of similarly persistent noncases.
Probing Pdn (n=1‐5) Clusters on Rutile TiO2 Surfaces by Using First‐Principle Calculations
Authors: Zhao Xintian , Kong Chuncai , Yang Zhimao , Yang Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSmall metal clusters with novel structures, which have interesting perporties and important potential applications, could be stabilized by substrate surfaces. In this work, by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we studied the geometric and electronic structures of Pdn (n=1‐5) clusters supported on the well‐studied (110) surface and (100) and (001) surfaces of rutile TiO2 together. It is found that the surface plays a vital role in stabilizing Pd cluster structure. The (110) surface influences slightly on the geometries of Pd clusters, where Pd cluster on the TiO2(100) surface prefers to grow as a linear mode. The Pdn cluster are obviously diffused by the (001) surface because of the strong interaction between Pd and TiO2 substrate where the adsorption energy ranges from −3.54 to −6.57 eV. Pd1/TiO2(001) is predicted to be stable because the nucleation from Pd1 to Pd2 on TiO2(001) is an endothermic process. All the Pdn clusters are positively charged while the 4d orbitals of Pd are predominant near the Fermi level.
Synthesis And Study of Fluorine Containing Kagan's Amides as Chiral Solvating Agents For Enantiodiscrimination of Acids by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Raval Hiten B. , Bedekar Ashutosh V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Kagan's amide is used as chiral solvating agent to discriminate the signals of optically active analytes in NMR spectroscopy. Three fluorinated derivatives of this amide are prepared and studied for their comparison of chiral recognition of different analytes by NMR analysis. The single crystal X‐ray analysis of the derivatives along with the details of their CSA activity is presented. The analysis is sufficiently accurate to establish a relationship between the calculated and observed values, suitable for determining the enantiomeric excess of samples of unknown purity.
X‐Shaped Sugar‐Derived Emulsifiers From ‘Click Chemistry’ ‐ A New Gemini Surfactant Type for Oil‐in‐Water Systems
Authors: Hussein Ali Tammar , Syahila Duali Hussen Rusnah , Heidelberg Thorsten , Anua Bin Tajuddin Hairul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree sugar‐based surfactants containing a double hydrophobic chain and two side‐by‐side arranged sugar head groups were synthesized by a click‐chemistry approach and investigated on assembly and surface active behavior. The surfactants exhibited higher packing parameters and lowered the surface tension more effectively than previously investigated Y‐shaped surfactants. However, although the surface tension was lower and found in the range of 32–36 mNm−1, the surfactants were less effective emulsifiers than the Y‐shaped surfactants, indicating that the shape of a surfactant is affecting its emulsifying abilities more than its ability to lower the surface tension. The surfactant exhibited good oil‐in‐water emulsion stabilities, requiring five days for the separation of an emulsion in the absence of a polymeric stabilizer. Surfactant 14 show a fine crystal needle is a formation in contact with water and 1‐undecanol, based on the texture the latter was identified as an inverted hexagonal phase.
Effect of Thermal History and Mass Scale on the Thermal Safety of 1,3,5,7‐Tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐Tetrazocane
Authors: Jiao Fengyuan , Yu Shuo , Xu Yabei , Li Wenjuan , Zhao Mengke , Xu Sen , Cao Weiguo , Pang Aimin , Cao Xiong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe effect of thermal history and mass scale on the thermal safety of Octogen (HMX) were explored by microcalorimetric and differential scanning calorimetry. The autocatalytic properties were verified by isothermal experiments, and the thermal decomposition kinetics was analyzed by Kissinger, Ozawa and Friedman methods. The results indicated that the thermal decomposition process was accomplished under solid state conditions with the heating rates in the range of 0.1–1 °C/min, and the apparent activation energy calculated by isothermal experiment was basically consistent with that calculated by dynamic method. Thermal history experiments presented that the thermal decomposition had autocatalytic properties, which was verified by isothermal experiments. Moreover, thermal history which had great influence on the thermal decomposition kinetics made the apparent activation energy decrease significantly, resulting in safety risk augmentation. Additionally, mass scale had a salient effect on the thermal stability. With the increase of sample mass, the degree of hazard augmented. It is necessary to keep the heat source off and avoid the large mass storage in the industrial production.
Mesoporous Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanospheres as Sulfur Matrix and a Novel Chelate‐Modified Separator for High‐Performance Room‐Temperature Na‐S Batteries
Authors: Li Huan , Zhao Ming , Jin Bo , Wen Zi , Liu Hua Kun , Jiang Qing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT/Na‐S) batteries are considered among the most promising next‐generation energy storage and conversion systems because of the earth‐abundant reserves of sodium and sulfur. These batteries also possess the advantages of high theoretical gravimetric capacity, high energy density, and low cost. Herein, highly uniform Fe3+/polyacrylamide nanospheres (FPNs) are fabricated on a large‐scale by a facile, low‐cost approach. Subsequently, mesoporous nitrogen‐doped carbon nanospheres (PNC‐Ns), obtained by carbonizing FPNs, are applied as a sulfur matrix to improve the utilization of sulfur, enhance the overall conductivity of the cathode, and inhibit the shuttling of sodium polysulfides (SPSs). In addition, graphene and FPNs are simultaneously coated onto the side of the separator to form a FPNs‐graphene‐functionalized separator (FPNs‐G/separator); here, the mesoporous FPNs effectively anchor and block the SPSs, while the large specific area graphene sheets eliminate the intrinsic mechanical brittleness of the FPNs and improve the overall conductivity of RT/Na‐S batteries. When S/PNC‐Ns as a cathode and FPNs‐G/separator are assembled into an RT/Na‐S battery, it delivers a high discharge capacity (639 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 C after 400 cycles), stable cycle life (396 mAh g‐1 at 0.5 C after 800 cycles), and good rate performance (228 mAh g‐1 at 2 C).