bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Concentration Ratios on the Particle Size of CHI-ALG-CaCl2 Nanocarriers
Authors: Jalani R I , Edros R Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nanotechnology is highly desirable in numbers of industry including cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical. However, the nanoparticle size is greatly varied by the method of synthesising them such as the addition of calcium chloride. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the effect of calcium chloride concentration on nanoparticle size when added to the chitosan and alginate nanocarriers. For this purpose, we have performed the preliminary study on the antioxidant activities of Cymbopogon sp. extracts obtained through decoction and infusion method. From this preliminary study, the optimal mixture ratio of extract, including five different ratios of CHI-ALG/CaCl2 nanocarriers which were prepared with ratio of 1:3:0, 1:3:2, 1:3:5, 1:3:10 and 1:3:20 was used to formulate the nanocarrier. Comparing both methods, decoction gives the highest antiradical activity which indicating strong antioxidant potential compared to infusion, are selected to be formulated into nanoparticle. CHI-ALG/CaCl2 nanocarriers were then synthesised to encapsulate antioxidant extracts for topical delivery. Each sample of nanoparticles was evaluated for its size distributions, polydispersity index (PdI) and zeta potential by dynamic light scattering using DelsaMax Pro (Beckman Coulter, USA). The experiment was conducted with five different ratios of CHI-ALG/CaCl2 nanocarriers which were prepared with ratio of 1:3:0, 1:3:2, 1:3:5, 1:3:10 and 1:3:20 in a volume of 50 ml with 1:3:0 acts as a negative control. The best particle size was observed at 1:3:2 mixture ratio with 0.76-fold change (350.47 ± 36.12 nm) from the control (460.03 ± 107.17 nm) which falls in the acceptable range of desirable size of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles produced in this study showed PdI values less than 1, showing good uniformity. The zeta potential value for the all mixture ratios are high (>20 mV) which is able to prevent aggregation of the nanoparticle. As a conclusion, addition of calcium chloride at 1:3:2 to chitosan and alginate has improved the size of nanoparticles containing antioxidant extract of Cymbopogon sp.
Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and determines volatile components of essential oils from Calamondin (Citrus
microcarpa) shells
Authors: Ngo T C Q , Ngo H D , Tran T K N , Le X T , Huynh C M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the industrial economic development, natural compounds have received much attention and study in recent years. Essential oils (EOs) that contain many volatile constituents and aromatic compounds have been around for a long time but are still considered today due to their natural characteristics and unique application. In this study, the leaves of Calamondin (Citrus microcarpa) shells were used to investigate the yield of essential oil extracted by the Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD). Calamondin essential oil is determined by the microwave assisted hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. Extraction essential oil Calamondin with MAHD in optimal conditions for 45 min, 300W capacity and 1:3 shells/water ratio. The main components of volatile compounds in Calamondin essential oils include limonene (96.039%), β-myrcene (0.953%), 1R-α-pinene (0.266%), sabinene (0.55%), 1,6-cyclodecadiene (1.611%), ϒ-eudesmol (0.207%), β-eudesmol (0.232%), α-eudesmol (0.185%). The oil produced by microwaves assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) method was found to have higher levels of compounds and significant economic values.
The effects of influencing parameters on the Eucalyptus globulus leaves essential oil extraction by hydrodistillation method
Authors: Ngo T C Q , Tran T H , Le X T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study examines the effects of influencing parameters to Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EOs) in the hydrodistillation process including extraction temperature, time, and raw material to water ratio. The study also investigated the chemical composition of Eucalyptus globulus EOs by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the single factor investigation method, the yield of the EOs for 2.2% in the conditions including the leaves size about 0.5 mm, with the ratio of the leaves to water was 1:4 (g/mL), at 75 minutes in the extracting temperature of 120°C. The analytical results showed that the composition of Eucalyptol (35,034%), followed by α-Pinene (17,860%), β-Pinene (11,022%), α-Terpenol (4,756%), caryophyllene oxide (4,554%), camphol (2,123%), and other ingredients with content less than 1%.
Evaluation of chemical composition in essential oils from Schefflera octophylla L. Hai Duong province in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Q T , Pham Q L , Pham M Q , Tran T K N , Pham T H H , Luu V H , Than V T 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Schefflera octophylla L is a traditional medicine that exhibits a wide range of biological activities. However, the phytochemical content of S. octophylla L.essential oil is limitedly known. In the present study, S. octophylla L. grown in Hai Duong province (Vietnam) was extracted for essential oil by using hydrodistillation method. The resulted S. octophylla essential oil was further analyzed for its composition of volatile components by GC-MS analysis. Results have shown that the extraction process yielded 0.162 wt% of S. octophylla essential oil. In addition, the content of volatile substances in the obtained essential oil accounted for 97.07%, with main constituents known to have significant medicinal value such as myrcene (9.0%), elemene <cis-b-> (6.67%), caryophylene <E-> (= caryophylene <b->) (24.91%), selinene <a-> (6.30%) and selinene <b-> (7.29%). These findings provide a helpful insight to S. octophylla L phytochemical profiles for further studies on the plant applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture and therapeutic uses.
Formulation of a Floor Cleaning Product using Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil and Evaluation of Foamability and Foam Durability
Authors: Tran T H , Pham T N , Ngo T C Q , Le T H N , Mai H C , Do T S , Tran T K N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The growing demand for natural products has spurred the idea of replacing synthetic fragrances with essential oils with antibacterial properties. Essential oils distilled from commercially valuable Cymbopogon citratus species has citral as a major component and finds a wide range of application such as flavors and aromas in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and detergents and in the pharmaceutical industry. Via hydrodistillation, the extraction yield of essential oil reached 0.29%. The components for formulation of the cleaning product were determined through a survey of active ingredients: 4.5% Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulphate (SLES), Ethylendiamin Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA-2Na), 0.7% Coco Amido Propyl Betaine (CAPB), 1% Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), Sodium Benzoate, 0.3% Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 0.1% NaCl and 0.2% lemongrass essential oil. The finished product was evaluated based on the foaming ability and durability of the emulsion. At the same time, samples stored at different conditions (e.g. room temperature, acceleration, thermal shock) were evaluated for its durability. The results show that citronella oil can be used as a valuable cosmetic material, an antibacterial agent, while not adversely affecting the usability of floor cleaning liquid.
Water quality control of Tasik Kejuruteraan UKM water channel using Artificial Neural Network and Neural Fuzzy Network
Authors: Md Nor N , Mohd Fuad M N , Abd Rahman N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The water quality of Tasik Kejuruteraan UKM water channel is an issue that should be emphasized because excess water will be discharged to Sungai Langat where this river is the source of water supply for the residents in some part of Klang Valley area. The water quality parameters must comply with the standard assigned by Malaysian’s Department of Environment (DOE). As a first step towards proper monitoring programme, a proper analysis of the water quality should be conducted thoroughly. As such, this study composed of two parts. First, experimental investigation of the water quality of Tasik Kejuruteraan UKM water channel was carried out to assess its environmental quality. Experiment was conducted to determine the Water Quality Index of Tasik Kejuruteraan water channel based upon guidelines as stipulated by DOE. The results indicate that Tasik Kejuruteraan UKM water channel is polluted and proper water quality control should be applied. In the second part of this study, preliminary analysis of artificial neural network (ANN) and neural fuzzy network for water quality control was conducted to determine the suitability of these controllers in water treatment system. Based on the simulations conducted, neural fuzzy network shows better efficacy in the pH control scheme compared with ANN because there is no oscillation detected in the corresponding controlled variable.
Modelling and simulation of hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate in ethylene glycol production
Authors: Rohman F S , Sulaiman S H S , Aziz N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work, the production of ethylene glycol was studied through a syngas-derived ethylene glycol route known as the indirect syngas-to-ethylene glycol process via oxalates. The improvement of hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate process is pivotal in production of ethylene glycol. Therefore, it is noteworthy to analyse the effect of certain operating parameters on the reactor’s performance. Simulation analysis is an effective approach that allows to study the effect of hydrogen to dimethyl oxalate mole ratio (HDMR), Methyl Glycolate to Dimethyl Oxalate Mole Ratio (MDMR) and temperature on the conversion and selectivity of ethylene glycol. The kinetic of hydrogenation reaction in gas phase in the presence of catalyst was developed in Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Hougen-Watson form. A process model within plug flow reactor was developed using the RPLUG in Aspen Plus V10 simulator. The simulation data from literature was used to validate the model. The error obtained in validation for main product (ethylene) and by-product (methanol) found were below 10% which was acceptable. From the simulation, the reactor temperature and HDMR have significant effects on the conversion of dimethyl oxalate and yield of ethylene glycol. On the other hand, MDMR has little influence on the responding variable.
Distance monitoring applications, angle and speed between nozzle and work piece: Ultrasonic detection sensor system of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Authors: Amiruddin M H , Sumarwati S , Shah S N J , Jalil S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The use of human resources in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) can cause defects, such as lack of penetration and uneven moldings due to the long distance between the blowpipe nozzle to the workpiece. The purpose of this study is to develop the distance monitoring applications, angle, and speed between nozzle and workpiece for GMAW by using an ultrasonic detection sensor system. The distance monitoring tool between the nozzle and workpiece for GMAW was developed based on the ADDIE model. Respondent included two experts of wiring and electronics, three experts of software and quality, and two experts in the mechanical field, selected by using purposive sampling methods. Monitoring tool developed using Arduino Uno programming technology. Besides, high-quality electronic components such as Ultrasonic HCSR04 and MPU6050 Gyroscopes are used. Based on the analysis, the whole application of distance monitoring, angle, and speed between the nozzle and workpiece for the GMAW can work well and suitable for GMAW with excellent ergonomic features that are easy to maintain and used. The study results will provide benefits in the welding industry as it can reduce defects in GMAW, and thus saving the cost of welding errors.
Stem cell spheroid engineering with osteoinductive and ROS scavenging nanofibers for bone regeneration
Authors: Byun Hayeon , Jang Gyu Nam , Lee Jinkyu , Hong Min-Ho , Shin Hyunjung , Shin Heungsoo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Stem cell spheroids have been widely investigated to accelerate bone tissue regeneration. However, the directed differentiation of stem cells into osteoblastic lineage and the prevention of cells from damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) remain challenge. Here, we developed osteoinductive and ROS scavenging extracellular matrix-mimicking synthetic fibers based on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) coating. They were then utilized to fabricate engineered spheroids with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) for bone tissue regeneration. The EGCG-mineral fibers (EMF) effectively conferred osteoinductive and ROS scavenging signals on the hADSCs within spheroids, demonstrating relative upregulation of antioxidant genes (SOD-1 (25.8 ± 2.1) and GPX-1 (3.3 ± 0.1) and greater level of expression of osteogenic markers, runt-related transcription factor (5.8 ± 0.1) and osteopontin (5.9 ± 0.1), compared to hADSCs in the spheroids without EMF. The in vitro overexpression of osteogenic genes from hADSCs was achieved from absence of osteogenic supplements. Furthermore, in vivo transplantation of hADSCs spheroids with the EMF significantly promoted calvarial bone regeneration (48.39 ± 9.24%) compared to that from defect only (17.38 ± 6.63%), suggesting that the stem cell spheroid biofabrication system with our novel mineralization method described here is a promising tool for bone tissue regeneration.
Hot deformation of nickel particles reinforced aluminium based composites: flow behaviour, microstructural evolution and processing map analyses
Authors: Alaneme Kenneth Kanayo , Babalola Saheed Adeoye , Bodunrin Michael Oluwatosin , Chown Lesley Heath , Okotete Eloho Anita , Maledi Nthabiseng Beauty 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The hot deformation behavior and workability of stir cast Al 6063 alloy reinforced with 6 wt. % Nickel particles was investigated using flow stress-strain plots, microstructural analysis and processing maps. The composites were hot compression tested at temperatures of 200 °C, 250 °C, 300 °C, 350 °C and 400 °C, and strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 s−1, while scanning electron microscopy was utilized for characterization of the ensuing microstructures. The results show that the flow stress generally decreased with increase in deformation temperature, while anomalous flow stress oscillations, linked to the pattern of particle distribution in the matrix, characterized the flow stress - strain rate relations at 0.01 s−1 strain rate. The Murty’s and Gegel’s criteria utilized to establish domains of instability at the global strain of 0.5 were found to vary considerably and the combination of both left a very narrow safe processing window for the Al6063/Ni
p
composite. Safe regions with peak power dissipation efficiencies occurred at temperature range of ∼390 °C–400 °C and 0.01 s−1 in the lower domain and 260 °C–350 °C and 10 s−1 in the upper domain. The dominant flow softening mechanisms were established to be dynamic recrystallisation and dynamic recovery at the lower domain and upper domains, respectively.
Fabrication of hydrogels with nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman scattered (SERS) substrates and their application in Raman imaging
Authors: Wu Chaochao , Li Fang , Lv Feng , Yao Pei , Bi Minghai , Xue Tao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A polyvinyl alcohol–silver nanoparticle (PVA–Ag NP) hydrogel was fabricated using a simple and facile method; it was used as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The Ag+ ions dispersed uniformly in the PVA network were reduced by NaBH4; this process was termed dipping method. Compared with conventional SERS substrates (e.g., colloidal suspensions), the prepared PVA–Ag NP hydrogel has prominent Raman enhancement effects for crystal violet (CV), and the detection limit was 10−12 M. It could also help detect rhodamine B, methylene blue, and 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. In addition to SERS, the reliable 3D porous structure was utilized in the Raman imaging of CV at 1621 cm−1 in a nude mouse.
Cavitation erosion behavior of nickel foam/polyurethane co-continuous composite
Authors: Wang J X , Jiang S L , Yang XG , Li S , Duan D L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The cavitation erosion behavior of Ni foam/polyurethane (PU) co-continuous composites under different experimental conditions was investigated using an ultrasonic vibration cavitation erosion device. Experimental results showed that the Ni foam metal skeleton structure had severe effects on the cavitation resistance of the composites. The composites with thick metal arris and large pore size exhibited good resistance to cavitation erosion. Stress waves had greater influence on the cavitation erosion behavior of composites than micro-jets. In a synergistic way of buffering stress wave in the resin phase and absorbing stress waves in the metal phase, the composites could exhibit better cavitation resistance than pure PU.
Aluminum and vanadium co-doping effects on the optical and electrical properties of oriented ZnO films
Authors: Okada Takeru , Tateyama Chisato , Kawashima Kotaro Hoshino Tomoyuki , Washio Katsuyoshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The fabrication of bifunctional zinc-oxide thin films remains a challenge. Here, we investigate the effects of aluminum-vanadium co-doping on the electrical conductivity and the optical transparency of zinc oxide films. We find that by co-doping, aluminum enhances film transparency via zinc-vacancy-defect substitution, while vanadium enhances electrical conductivity. The roles of two dopants and defects are interesting information that is useful to applications of transparent conductive oxides.
Transient liquid phase bonding of silicon and direct bond copper via electroplating of tin-copper interlayers for power device applications
Authors: Kang Hyejun , Sharma Ashutosh , Lee Jung-Hyun , Jung Jae Pil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Joining technology of silicon semiconductors devices to direct bond copper (DBC) substrates in high-temperature power electronics packages is of utmost importance today. In this study, Sn–Cu solder was prepared by electroplating on a direct bonded copper (DBC) substrate. The electroplated DBC system thus prepared was TLP bonded with Si chip at 250 °C for 10 min under a vacuum atmosphere. The effect of electrical charge used for plating Sn–Cu solder, void fraction in the joint, Sn–Cu solder composition on the joining characteristics, and shear strength of the Si-DBC system were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the plating thickness increased almost linearly with plating time and electrical charge. A sound Sn–Cu solder plating thickness was obtained at 40 mA cm−2, 11 C cm−2, 20 min with 20 at% Cu in the deposit. Furthermore, the plated Sn–Cu solder layer transformed to Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn after joining at 250 °C for 10 min. The shear bonding strength of the Si/DBC joint increased with Cu content in the Sn–Cu solder until 20 at% in the Sn–Cu interlayer.
Toward efficient correction of multiqubit measurement errors: pair correlation method
Authors: Geller Michael R , Sun Mingyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Measurement errors limit the performance of near-term quantum computers and their potential for practical application. However they are partly correctable after a calibration step that requires, for a complete implementation on a register of n qubits, 2
n
additional measurements. Here we introduce an approximate but efficient method for multiqubit measurement error characterization and mitigation requiring the classical processing of 2
n
× 2
n
matrices, but only O(4
k

n
2) measurements, where k = O(1) is the number of qubits in a correlation volume. We demonstrate and validate the method on an IBM Q processor with registers of 4 and 8 superconducting qubits.
Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of an intermetallic CoSn phase
Authors: Khushaim Muna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Herein, the crystallization kinetics of the intermetallic CoSn phase, nucleated and grown in the microstructure of a binary CoSn alloy, have been reported. Differential scanning calorimetry traces under non-isothermal conditions were obtained and used to extract the activation energy (

E

α

) for the crystallization of the CoSn phase at various heating rates. The obtained values of

E

α

were validated by the application of several isoconversion methods. The minimum value of

E

α

was 1000 kJ mol−1, which occurred at 853 K. The observed behavior of

E

α

showed a strong temperature dependence, wherein it decreased with increasing temperature. This suggests that the rate constant for the crystallization of the CoSn phase is determined by the rates of two processes—nucleation and diffusion. The precise description of the crystallization process for the CoSn phase reveal that the reaction mechanism of this phase is following the first-order reaction.
Winter N2O accumulation and emission in sub-boreal grassland soil depend on clover proportion and soil pH
Authors: Byers Erin , Bleken Marina A , Dörsch Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Inclusion of legume species into grass leys reduces nitrogen (N) fertilizer need but increases the risk of freeze-thaw induced N2O emissions. We investigated how liming and presence of clover affect N2O accumulation under snowpack and its emission during freeze-thaw cycles in autumn and spring under sub-boreal conditions. A field experiment was performed in southern Norway in limed and control plots containing grasses only (fertilized with 270 kg N ha−1 yr−1), a grass-red clover mixture (fertilized with 140 kg N ha−1 yr−1) and unfertilized pure red clover. Soil air samples were collected at 8, 24, and 40 cm depths and analyzed for gas concentrations including N2O, and N2O fluxes measured by a fast-chamber robot. Red clover produced more N2O than the grass-only plots during freeze-thaw cycles in autumn and spring and accumulated more N2O under snow cover (emissions were not measured during this period). Contrary to expectations, limed red clover plots emitted more N2O than control plots during freeze-thaw cycles. Liming reduced subnivean N2O accumulation in grass-only but not in grass-clover or pure clover plots. After spring fertilization, grass-only plots had larger N2O emissions than red clover plots. Our data suggest that winter-sensitive, N-rich clover biomass fuels decomposition and nitrification, thereby increasing NO3
- and depleting O2, resulting in increased N2O emissions from denitrification. Although liming of pure clover leys exacerbated the risk of high N2O emissions during freeze-thaw, this effect was not observed in grass-clover mixtures. Interestingly, grass-clover mixtures also emitted less N2O than expected from their proportions and the emissions recorded in pure grass and clover stands. This warrants further studies into off-season functional diversity effects on N cycling and N2O loss in temperate and boreal forage production.
Data augmentation with Mobius transformations
Authors: Zhou Sharon , Zhang Jiequan , Jiang Hang , Lundh Torbjörn , Ng Andrew Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Data augmentation has led to substantial improvements in the performance and generalization of deep models, and remains a highly adaptable method to evolving model architectures and varying amounts of data—in particular, extremely scarce amounts of available training data. In this paper, we present a novel method of applying Möbius transformations to augment input images during training. Möbius transformations are bijective conformal maps that generalize image translation to operate over complex inversion in pixel space. As a result, Möbius transformations can operate on the sample level and preserve data labels. We show that the inclusion of Möbius transformations during training enables improved generalization over prior sample-level data augmentation techniques such as cutout and standard crop-and-flip transformations, most notably in low data regimes.