bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the duration of the pubertal growth spurt in patients with skeletal open bite
Authors: Szemraj-Folmer Agnieszka , Wojtaszek-Słomińska Anna , Racka-Pilszak Bogna , Kuc-Michalska Małgorzata 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purposes
The objectives were to assess the skeletal age of patients with skeletal open bite and to estimate and compare the mean chronological age related to CS3 and CS4 (cervical stage, CS) and the duration of the pubertal growth spurt (PGS).

Methods
Orthodontic records of 145 patients were analyzed in this retrospective cross-sectional study. The study group comprised 104 patients with skeletal open bite (angle between cranial base plane line [NS] and mandible base plane line [ML] > 39° according to Steiner), whereas the control group comprised 41 patients with normal anteroposterior and vertical measurements. Skeletal age was assessed using the 6‑stage CVM (cervical vertebral maturation) method according to Baccetti. Quantitative variables were characterized by means of the arithmetic mean and standard deviation. The PGS duration was calculated as the difference between the means of the chronological ages related to CS3 and CS4.

Results
In the study group, the arithmetic means related to CS3 and CS4 were 11.12 and 13.54 years, respectively; the duration of the PGS was 2.42 years. In the control group, the arithmetic means related to CS3 and CS4 were 10.71 and 11.82 years, respectively; the duration of the PGS was 1.11 years.

Conclusions
In patients with skeletal open bite, the duration of PGS is longer but it occurs at a similar chronological age compared to patients with normal anteroposterior and vertical measurements. The PGS in males begins later than in females. Knowledge on the longer growth spurt in patients with skeletal open bite compared to patients with normal anteroposterior and vertical relationships can be useful in the selection of an appropriate therapeutic method and also provides information about the possibility of a longer and thus more effective orthopedic approach directed at positive change in the vertical growth pattern during intense bone remodeling.
Practical ultrasonographic technique to precisely identify and differentiate tendons and ligaments of the elbow at the level of the humeral epicondyles: anatomical study
Authors: Omoumi Patrick , Gondim Teixeira Pedro Augusto , Ward Samuel R. , Trudell Debbie , Resnick Donald 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To develop a practical step-by-step technique to precisely identify and differentiate tendons and ligaments attaching to the humeral epicondyles, to confirm through gross anatomical study the accurate structure identification provided by this technique and to determine the frequency at which each structure can be identified in healthy volunteers.

Materials and methods
First, ten fresh frozen cadavers (6 men, age at death = 58–92 years) were examined by two musculoskeletal radiologists and a step-by-step technique for the identification of tendons and ligaments at the level of humeral epicondyles was developed. Second, the accurate identification of structures was confirmed through gross anatomical study including anatomical sections on five specimens and layer-by-layer dissection technique on five others. Finally, 12 healthy volunteers (6 men, average age = 36, range = 28–52) were scanned by two radiologists following the same technique.

Results
An ultrasonographic technique based on the recognition of bony landmarks and the use of ultrasonographic signs to differentiate overlapping structures was developed and validated through gross anatomical study. In healthy volunteers, most tendons and ligaments were identified and well-defined in ≥ 80% of cases, except for the extensor carpi radialis brevis and extensor digiti minimi tendons on the lateral epicondyle (having common attachments with the extensor digitorum communis) and the palmaris longus tendon on the medial epicondyle (absent, or common attachment with the flexor carpi radialis).

Conclusion
A step-by-step approach to the ultrasonographic assessment of tendons and ligaments at the humeral epicondyles allowed accurate identification of and differentiation among these structures, in particular those relevant to pathological conditions.
Auslegung hybrider Querpressverbände für erhöhte Betriebstemperaturen
Authors: Wagner Miriam , Binz Hansgeorg 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Veröffentlichung befasst sich mit der Auslegung hybrider Querpressverbände, d. h. der Verbindung von Stahlwellen und vollkeramischen Naben, bei Betriebstemperaturen oberhalb der Raumtemperatur. Zunächst wird in einer Einführung auf die Vorteile dieser Verbindung eingegangen. Es folgt ein Überblick über den Stand der Forschung und die erzielten Ergebnisse bei Raumtemperatur. Die zwei bisher vorhandenen Auslegungsverfahren bedienen sich strukturmechanischer bzw. thermomechanischer Simulationen, um die wirkenden Kräfte auf die Fügepartner und die daraus resultierenden Verformungen zu berechnen. Mit den Ergebnissen wird eine neue Wellenform definiert. So gefertigte Wellen führen im Pressverband zu einem annähernd konstanten Fugendruckverlauf.Simulationen zeigen jedoch, dass sich diese Wellen nicht für den Betrieb bei erhöhten Temperaturen eignen. Um einen ähnlich günstigen Spannungszustand zu erreichen und Spannungsspitzen zu vermeiden, muss das Vorgehen modifiziert werden. Die hierfür notwendigen Schritte werden ausführlich beschrieben. Darüber hinaus werden anwendungsnahe Hinweise zur Optimierung der Ergebnisse bzw. geometrischen Gestaltung des Pressverbands gegeben.
The concurrent validity of the Abilitator: a self-assessment questionnaire on functioning and work ability
Authors: Savinainen Minna , Jauhiainen Olli , Heikkilä Hannu , Joensuu Matti 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Aim
The Abilitator is a self-assessment questionnaire which was developed to evaluate the perceived work ability and different aspects of functioning of working-age people. The present study aimed to explore the concurrent validity of the Abilitator.

Subject and methods
The participants (n = 177) were patients of a rehabilitation outpatient clinic. Their mean age was 47.1 years. Using Spearman’s correlation coefficients, we assessed the concurrent validity of the Abilitator to compare it to the HAD, RAND-36, EQ-5D, and WHODAS 2.0 (12-item short version) questionnaires.

Results
The five domains of the Abilitator showed fair to moderate correlation coefficients with the previously validated and accepted measures of functioning. The strongest correlations were found in specific domains measuring similar constructs, namely social inclusion and RAND-36 vitality/fatigue (rs = 0.58), psychological functioning and RAND-36 emotional well-being (rs = 0.67) and HAD depression (rs = −0.65), everyday activities and total score of EQ-5D (rs = 0.63), cognitive functioning and WHODAS 2.0 cognition (rs = 0.57), and physical condition and RAND-36 physical functioning (rs = 0.70). Analysis by subpopulations of gender and age group showed a broadly similar pattern to that of the total sample. In general, stronger correlations were seen among women and among those of a younger age (50 years or under).

Conclusion
The Abilitator questionnaire has acceptable concurrent validity for assessing different aspects of the functioning of working-age people.
Friction-induced vibrations in the framework of dynamic substructuring
Authors: Brunetti Jacopo , D’Ambrogio Walter , Fregolent Annalisa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn complex vibrating systems, contact and friction forces can produce a dynamic response of the system (friction-induced vibrations). They can arise when different parts of the system move one with respect to the other generating friction force at the contact interface. Component mode synthesis and more in general substructuring techniques represent a useful and widespread tool to investigate the dynamic behavior of complex systems, but classical techniques require that the component subsystems and the coupling conditions (compatibility of displacements and equilibrium of forces) are time invariant. In this paper, a substructuring method is proposed that, besides accounting for the macroscopic sliding between substructures, is able to consider also the local vibrations of the contact points and the geometric nonlinearity due to the elastic deformation, by updating the coupling conditions accordingly. This allows to obtain a more reliable model of the contact interaction and to analyze friction-induced vibrations. Therefore, the models of the component substructures are time invariant, while the coupling conditions become time dependent and a priori unknown. The method is applied to the study of a finite element model of two bodies in frictional contact, and the analysis is aimed to the validation of the proposed method for the study of dynamic instabilities due to mode coupling.
Genitourinary cancers—best of ASCO 2020
Authors: Pichler Renate , Tulchiner Gennadi , Bektic Jasmin 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe aim of this short review is to summarize “clinical practice changing” abstracts about genitourinary cancers from this year’s ASCO Annual Meeting. The phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial showed astonishing overall survival (OS) data up to 22 months in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), using a novel gold standard in the first-line setting of mUC—immunotherapy maintenance with avelumab after response to platinum-based chemotherapy. In the first-line treatment of metastatic RCC (mRCC), two phase 2 trials (OMNIVORE and HCRN GU16-260) evaluated the efficacy of a novel sequential strategy, nivolumab monotherapy followed by ipilimumab rescue if nonresponse to nivolumab, confirming that this therapeutic concept is less effective as upfront combination treatment. Finally, updated 24-month progression-free survival (PFS) and OS rates of the KEYNOTE-426 are presented, showing efficacy most in intermediate- and poor-risk patients for the combination pembrolizumab plus axitinib compared with sunitinib. According to the impressive data from the HERO trial, the US Food and Drug Administration granted relugolix priority review as the first oral GNRH receptor antagonist in advanced prostate cancer. Moreover, 18F‑DCFPyL-PET/CT is a promising diagnostic tool for biochemical recurrence as the CONDOR trial confirmed diagnostic superiority of PyL-PET/CT compared with conventional imaging in detecting occult metastasis even in low PSA values. In nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC), final OS data of ARAMIS, PROSPER and SPARTAN evaluating efficacy and safety of second-generation antiandrogens versus placebo were presented. In patients with mCRPC progressing after docetaxel, 177Lu-PSMA-617 demonstrated improved rates of 50% reduction in PSA relative to cabazitaxel (TheraP study).
Urban heat island amplification estimates on global warming using an albedo model
Authors: Feinberg Alec 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we provide nominal and worst-case estimates of radiative forcing due to the UHI effect using a Weighted Amplification Albedo Solar Urbanization model. This calculation is done with the help of reported findings from UHI footprint and heat dome studies that simplify estimates for UHI amplification factors. Using this method, we quantify a global warming range due to the UHI effect, including its extent. Forcing estimates varied approximately between 0.07 and 0.87 W/m2 representing 3% to 36% of global warming relative to the greenhouse gas forcing estimates between 1950 and 2019. Variations in our model are due to the urbanized area and associated UHI amplification estimate uncertainties. However, the model showed consistent values of about 0.16 W/m2/% solar effective amplified areas and 1.6 W/m2/%Δalbedo for the urbanized coverage forcing values. The basic model is additionally used to quantify feedback warming due to Arctic sea ice loss. Feedback estimates contribute to the impact of UHI forcing assessments. From our median estimates, it is concluded that UHIs contribute significantly to global warming trends. The model is versatile and also provides UHI albedo reverse forcing assessments. The results provide insight into the UHI area effects from a new perspective using a global view albedo model compared to prior ground-based measurement studies. It also illustrates the utility of using effective UHI amplification estimates when assessing their warming effect on a global scale.
The effect of different cancer therapies on clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology in breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Song Xueling , Ma Caihong , Zhen Xiumei , Chi Hongbin , Zhang Xiaowei , Li Rong , Yan Jie , Qiao Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) on fertility preservation and infertility treatment in breast cancer patients who had undergone different cancer therapies.Methods20 infertile females who had undergone breast cancer treatments during 2011–2018 were studied retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on their cancer treatment methods and their needs of fertility preservation: the combined treatment group, who had both breast cancer surgery combining with any of the three treatments (adjuvant endocrine therapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy), and the surgery only group. A group of infertile females without breast cancer history were used as a control group. An aromatase inhibitor Letrozole - based ovarian micro-stimulation protocol was used in females from the three groups for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The ART clinical outcomes were evaluated by using the parameters of antral follicle count (AFC), the ratio of FSH/LH, oocyte retrieval number, 2 pronucleus(2 PN) fertilization rate, high-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and delivery outcome.ResultsThe surgery only group had significantly lower ratio of FSH/LH than the combined treatment group and the control group. No significant difference on the ART clinical outcomes, evaluated by the aforementioned criteria, were found between the three groups.ConclusionsBreast cancer surgery with adjuvant therapies, but not surgery alone, may damage ovarian function. The best time-limited window to preserve fertility for breast cancer patients is after surgery but before the initiation of adjuvant therapies. Importantly, the clinical outcomes of aromatase inhibitor-based ovary micro-stimulation in breast cancer patients are similar to that in non-breast cancer controls.
Modeling and control schedule design of a two-dimensional thrust-vectoring nozzle and aeroengine
Authors: Liu Y. , Chen M. , Tang H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor advanced operational aircraft, the two-dimensional (2-D) thrust-vectoring (TV) nozzle effectively improves the flight mobility and post-stall manoevrability. However, its flow capacity decreases when deflecting and cooling air is injected, which impacts the engine’s operating state, including decreasing the fan surge margin and increasing the turbine inlet temperature. Therefore, in order to improve engine performance in the whole flight envelope, this paper studies the matching mechanism of the engine and the cooled 2-D TV nozzle, performance characterisation and control schedule of the nozzle, and an integrated aeroengine/nozzle modeling method is put forward. Based on these, an engine performance simulation model is modified to include a cooled 2-D TV nozzle. The testing results show that applying the nozzle control schedules recommended in this paper avoids the performance degradation when the nozzle deflects. This work advances the field of engine/nozzle integrated modeling, and helps to instruct the simulation and experimentation to better fit the needs of engine modeling and engineering applications.
Access to Justice and the Limits of Environmental Class Actions in Ontario
Authors: Molavi Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFor over half a century, it has been axiomatic that environmental claims are particularly well suited for class actions. This paper examines this notion in the context of Ontario’s regime and finds that environmental class actions have been limited in the extent to which they have promoted access to justice. Starting with a brief overview of class action history in Canada and the economics of mass litigation at a general level, the paper then analyzes barriers specific to environmental claims. A series of representative case studies is then offered to substantiate the central contention on the limits of environmental class actions. In so doing, the paper takes a holistic approach, incorporating empirical, economic, political, and procedural factors and dynamics to provide an integrated assessment about the type of access to justice that is presently achieved and achievable for environmental claims in Ontario.
Redefining the Debate Over Reputation and Credibility in International Security
Authors: Jervis Robert , Yarhi-Milo Keren , Casler Don 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA wave of recent scholarship has breathed new life into the study of reputation and credibility in international politics. In this review article, the authors welcome this development while offering a framework for evaluating collective progress, a series of related critiques, and a set of suggestions for future research. The article details how the books under review represent an important step toward consensus on the importance of reputation in world politics, elucidating scope conditions for when reputational inferences are likely to be most salient. The authors argue that despite the significant accomplishments of recent studies, the scholarly record remains thin on the psychology of the perceiver and is instead focused on situational factors at the expense of dispositional variables and is rather myopically oriented toward reputation for resolve to the exclusion of other important types. Despite its contributions, the new literature still falls short of a full explanation for how actors draw inferences about reputation. These remaining theoretical challenges demand scholarly attention and suggest a role for psychology in filling some of the gaps.
Building a “Double First-class University” on China's Qing-Zang Plateau: Opportunities, Strategies and Challenges
Authors: Yang Miaoyan , Leibold James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSituated in the broader context of educational aid for Tibet and higher education reform in China, this article examines efforts to develop higher education in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR). Based on document analyses, observations and interviews, we interrogate the thoughts and actions of university officials in the TAR when responding to the state's call for the creation of “double first-class” (shuangyiliu双一流) universities and disciplines. Our study identifies two main strategies adopted by university officials: capitalizing on the plateau's unique geography and China's system of preferential ethnic policies. University administrators hope to use the TAR's unique and strategic location as a springboard for curriculum and research development, while drawing on aid and assistance from the central government and partner universities. We conclude that the future of higher education in the TAR is highly dependent on external assistance and that the region faces an uphill battle in building a truly world-class university.
Characteristics of the pulmonary circulation in infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect
Authors: Doi Hirohito , Muneuchi Jun , Watanabe Mamie , Sugitani Yuichiro , Matsuoka Ryohei , Ezaki Hiroki , Ochiai Yoshie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:Infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect occasionally accompany pulmonary hypertension; however, the pulmonary circulation can be altered by pulmonary vascular conditions as well as the left heart lesions. This study aimed to explore whether the left heart lesions were related to the pulmonary circulation among them.Methods:We performed echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation in 42 infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect and studied relationships between the pulmonary haemodynamic parameters and the left heart morphology.Results:Age and weight at preoperative evaluation were 65 days (47-114) (the median following interquartile range) and 5.5 kg (4.0-7.1), respectively. There were 27 individuals with Down syndrome. Gestational age was 38 weeks (37-39). Catheterisation showed mean pulmonary arterial pressure: 36 (29-46) mmHg, the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow: 3.45 (2.79-4.98), pulmonary vascular resistance: 2.20 Wood units·m2 (1.53-3.65), and pulmonary arterial compliance: 2.78 (1.86-4.10) ml/Hg/m2. Echocardiography showed the Rastelli classification type A in 28 and type C in 14, moderate or severe left atrioventricular valve regurgitation in 19 patients (45%), atrioventricular valve index of 0.67 (0.56-0.79), left ventricular end-diastolic volume z score of 4.46 (1.96-7.78), and aortic valve diameter z score of −0.70 (−1.91 to 0.20). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly correlated to gestational age (p = 0.002), and that preoperative pulmonary arterial compliance was significantly correlated to gestational age (p = 0.009) and Down syndrome (p = 0.036).Conclusions:The pulmonary circulation does not depend upon the presence of left heart lesions but gestational age and Down syndrome in infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect.
Chronic chest pain after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure
Authors: Figueras-Coll Marc , Martí-Aguasca Gerard , Betrián-Blasco Pedro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPercutaneous closure of atrial septal defect is recognised as a safe and effective procedure, however, in some patients complications may occur. Although chest pain has been sporadically reported, its exact aetiology has been poorly studied. Herein, a 14-year-old female with an atypical and long-lasting chest pain after percutaneous atrial septal defect closure is described.
Height, Chest Size, and Household Composition in Late-Nineteenth-Century Catalonia
Authors: Galofré-Vilà Gregori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article measures the impact of early-life household composition on adult height and chest size in men born in Catalonia in the late nineteenth century. It combines data from military drafts with census records, observing the same individual twice over his lifetime. For family composition characteristics I control for the number of siblings, intergenesic interval, parental occupation and educational level, fatherless or motherless families, and other relatives living in the household. I show that taller individuals were more likely to come from well-off families and that men who grew up in orphanages or in motherless households were shorter than their counterparts. Results also uncover that there was a negative association between height and the number of siblings and the age gap between them. However, this negative association is driven by having more brothers (instead of sisters). If we are to gain a fuller understanding of the factors that have influenced height, we need to consider the composition of the household as an explanatory variable.