bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perencanaan Tebal Lapis Perkerasan Kaku pada Tanah Lunak di Jalan Antar Kota Menggunakan Metode AASHTO Tahun 1993
Authors: Febriani Ditty Trianita 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perencanaan tebal lapis perkerasan kaku pada tanah lunak dengan metode AASHTO 1993 dan membandingkan perencanaan tebal lapis perkerasan kaku pada tanah lunak dengan perencanaan dan perhitungan tebal lapis perkerasan kaku pada tanah yang tidak lunak. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Tebal Lapis Perkerasan kaku menggunakan metode AASHTO untuk tanah lunak dengan CBR 2,83% adalah 11,42 Inchi atau 29 cm. Rincian sebagai berikut Lebar Pelat = 2 x 3,5 m, Panjang Pelat = 5,5 m, Dowel bars digunakan Ø32 mm, panjang 45 cm, dan jarak 300 mm, Tie Bars digunakan Ø16 mm, panjang 80, dan jarak 600 mm, Mesh Bars digunakan Ø12 mm dan jarak 200 mm. Tebal Lapis Perkerasan kaku menggunakan metode AASHTO untuk tanah lunak dengan CBR 2,83% adalah 11,42 Inchi atau 29 cm. Sementara tebal Lapis Perkerasan kaku menggunakan metode AASHTO untuk tanah tidak lunak dengan CBR 6% adalah 11,02 Inchi atau 28 cm. Jadi, CBR tanah dasar sangat mempengaruhi tebal lapis perkerasan kaku. Sebagai tambahan tanah lunak pada dasarnya mudah mengalami lendutan sehingga untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut dibutuhkan pemasangan besi tulangan.
THE ROOT CAUSES AND NEXUS OF MILITANT ISLAMIC MOVEMENTS IN INDONESIA: CASE STUDIES OF DARUL ISLAM AND JEMAAH ISLAMIYAH
Authors: Yunanto Sri , Damayanti Angel 
Published: December 2019

Many scholars believe that every religion has its peaceful interpretation as well as violent practices. Yet, this article elaborates more on the Islamic radical movements in Indonesia, particularly on the questions of what factors have triggered them to conduct such violence, how they linked each other and what action should be taken by the Indonesian government to counter-terrorism. To answer the question, the paper will focus on the ideology part and organization network of Darul Islam (DI) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), which shared similar ideology, network and methods of recruitment. Authors argue that ideology and organization become vital elements for DI and JI, in which the government, coupled with all stakeholders, should pay more attention if they want to eradicate violence in the name of religion. Although there is â€œno prescription fits allâ€ in eradicating terrorism, the ability to understand the root causes and organization network of terrorism in Indonesia will help the government and all stakeholders to establish a proper strategy.

Key words: Counter-terrorism, salafi jihadism, Darul Islam, Jemaah Islamiyah

Abstrak

Banyak pengamat percaya bahwa setiap agama mengandung interpretasi damai sekaligus juga tindak kekerasan. Namun, artikel ini akan mengulas lebih banyak tentang gerakan radikal Islam di Indonesia, terutama yang terkait dengan faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendorong mereka melakukan aksi kekerasan, bagaimana kelompok-kelompok tersebut saling memiliki keterkaitan dan tindakan apa yang perlu diambil oleh pemerintah Indonesia dalam melakukan kontra-terorisme. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, paper ini akan menjelaskan ideologi dan jaringan organisasi dari Darul Islam (DI) dan Jemaah Islamiyah (JI), di mana keduanya memiliki kemiripan termasuk juga dalam metode rekrutmen. Penulis berpendapat bahwa ideologi dan organisasi merupakan elemen penting bagi DI dan JI. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah dan seluruh elemen masyarakat harus memperhatikan hal ini jika ingin memberantas kekerasan atas nama agama. Walaupun tidak ada â€œresep ampuhâ€ yang dapat mengatasi terorisme, kemampuan untuk memahami akar permasalahan dan jaringan organisasi kelompok terorisme di Indonesia akan membantu pemerintah dan seluruh elemen masyarakat untuk menyusun strategi yang tepat.

Kata Kunci: Counter-terrorism, salafi jihadisme, Darul Islam, Jemaah Islamiyah
PROYEKSI INDONESIA BERGABUNG DALAM TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP
Authors: Maya Arthuur Jeverson 
Published: December 2019

This article discusses the projection high standard free trade cooperation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) which attracts Indonesia to join under President Joko Widodo (Jokowi). It is analyzed predictively calculation of the situation that occurred if Indonesia was determined to join TPP in the future. This is analyzed using the concept of political communication, the concept of neoliberalism, and the critical theory of neomarxism, supported by qualitative research methods and data collection from secondary sources. Found evidence indicating the inability of Indonesia's competitiveness against majority member states of TPP. As a result, they have the potential to engage in exploitative, dependent, and monopoly relationships with Indonesia's economic and social if join TPP at this time. Therefore, it is recommended to reject TPP until Indonesia has the optimal competitiveness ability to refer to the effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity of the population, low poverty, high gross national income percapita, high value human development index, high value global competitive advantage, anti-corruption business bureaucracy, and adequate infrastructure.
Keywords: Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), Indonesia, Neoliberalism, Neomarxism

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas proyeksi kerja sama perdagangan bebas berstandar tinggi Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) yang menarik minat Indonesia dibawah kepemimpinan Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) untuk bergabung di dalamnya. Ia dianalisis prediktif mengenai kalkulasi situasi yang terjadi apabila Indonesia nekat bergabung dalam TPP di masa depan. Ini dianalisa menggunakan konsep komunikasi politik, konsep neo-liberalisme, dan teori kritis neo-marxisme, didukung metode penelitian kualitatif dan pengumpulan data dari sumber sekunder. Ditemukan bukti-bukti yang mengindikasikan ketidakmampuan Indonesia bersaing dengan mayoritas negara-negara anggota TPP. Akibatnya, mereka berpotensi melakukan hubungan eksploitatif, ketergantungan, dan monopoli ekonomi dan sosial indonesia jika memutuskan bergabung dalam TPP saat ini. Oleh sebab itu, direkomendasikan untuk menolak TPP sampai Indonesia memiliki kemampuan daya saing optimal mengacu efektivitas, efisiensi, dan produktifitas populasi, kemiskinan rendah, pendapatan nasional perkapita tinggi, indeks pembangunan manusia tinggi, keunggulan nilai dalam menghadapi persaingan global, birokrasi bisnis anti-korupsi, dan infrastruktur yang memadai.

Kata Kunci: Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), Indonesia, Neoliberalisme, Neomarxisme
EKSISTENSI JEPANG DAN TIONGKOK DALAM GEOPOLITIK ENERGI DI ASIA TENGAH
Authors: Suhartini Ayu , Pratiwi Dian Permata , Sudarno Jorshy Amanda , Siregar Paulus Anggiat , De Queljoe Shybill Natalia , Geyasra Syahrir Roni 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In addition to its existence stretching along Silk Road between Europe and East Asia which later made it theheart of Euroasia, the Central Asia region is also a region rich in energy resources, specifically oil and naturalgas. These two factors then brought the region of Central Asia to develop into the second largest oil and gasproducing region in the world, after the Middle East. This makes the Central Asian region as an arena as well asa battle theater for energy interests between western countries, Russia, China, Japan, South Asian countries andthe Middle East. Japan and China particulary, in the past decade began to show their interest and concentrationin this region. This can be seen through the establishment of the 2004 Central Asia Plus Japan Dialogue and the2006 Official Development Assistance (ODA) by Japan. Do not want to fall behind, in 2013 through itsPresident, Xi Jinping, China building the cooperation with the Central Asia through the One Belt One Road(OBOR) initiative. The purpose of this paper is to explain how the existence of Japan and China and theirinfluence in the dynamics of geopolitical energy in the Central Asian region. To complete this paper, the authorused qualitative research methods. From this paper, it was found that the existence of Japan and China hadpositive impact on the dynamics of energy geopolitics in the Central Asia region.
Keywords: Geopolitical energy, oil, natural gas, Japan, China, Central Asia.

Abstrak
Selain keberadaannya yang terbentang di sepanjang Silk Road antara Eropa dan Asia Timur sehinggamenjadikannya jantung dari Euroasia, Asia Tengah juga merupakan wilayah yang kaya akan sumber daya energiterutama minyak dan gas alam serta penghasil terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Timur Tengah. Hal ini membuatkawasan Asia Tengah sebagai arena sekaligus teater pertempuran kepentingan energi antara negara-negara barat,Rusia, Tiongkok, Jepang, negara-negara Asia Selatan dan Timur Tengah. Jepang dan Tiongkok secara khususdalam dekade terakhir mulai menunjukan minat dan konsentrasinya pada kawasan ini. Terbukti melaluipembentukan Central Asia Plus Japan Dialogue tahun 2004 dan Official Development Assistance (ODA) tahun2006 oleh Jepang. Tidak ingin ketinggalan pada tahun 2013 melalui Presidennya, Xi Jinping, Tiongkokmembangun kerjasama melalui inisiatif One Belt One Road (OBOR). Adapun tujun dari tulisan ini adalah untukmenjelaskan bagaimana eksistensi dan pengaruh dari keberadaan Jepang dan Tiongkok dalam dinamikageopolitik energi di kawasan Asia Tengah. Dalam menyelesaikan tulisan ini, penulis menggunakan metodepenelitian kualitatif. Dari tulisan ini didapatkan bahwa keberadaan Jepang dan Tiongkok cukup memberikanpengaruh positif bagi dinamika geopolitik energi di kawasan Asia Tengah.
Kata Kunci: Geopolitik energi, minyak bumi, gas alam, Jepang, Tiongkok, Asia Tengah
On significance of immunoglobulin class G to glycoprotein E in diagnosis of varicella-zoster virus
Authors: Arsenyeva V. A. , Avdonina A. S. , Mardanly S. S. , Mardanly S. G. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose.To evaluate the significance of IgG detection to glycoprotein E of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) for the infection stage diagnosis.Materials and methods.Integration of literature data.Results.Analysis of literature data allows to make quite reasonable conclusion that the dynamics of IgG antibodies to glycoprotein E of VZV is subject to the general laws of the antibody productions in the course of infectious processes, although the final completion of this discussion the essential results of direct detection of the dynamics of these antibodies in various stages and forms of the indicated infection.
Features of structural and functional parameters of superficial veins of lower extremities in men with arterial hypertension
Authors: Vagapov T. F. , Baev V. M. , Druzhina L. N. , Letyagina C. V. 
Published: December 2019

The aim of the work was to assess the structural and functional parameters of the superficial veins of the lower extremities in men with arterial hypertension. A comparative analysis of the results of the angioscanning of the superficial veins of the lower extremities between 60 men with arterial hypertension and 27 men with normal blood pressure at the age of 30–50 years was performed. In hypertension, an increased rate of venous blood flow and signs of chronic vein diseases are recorded — an increased diameter and area of the lumen of the veins; abnormal venous reflux marked in 10 % of men; in 3 % — varicose veins and thrombotic masses, signs of postrombotic lesion of the superficial veins.Conclusion. For men with hypertension aged 30–50 years, there is an increased rate of venous blood flow and signs of chronic venous disease of the lower extremities: chronic venous insufficiency, varicose and postrombotic venous disease, which must be considered when stratifying cardiovascular risks and treating hypertension.
Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorders with combined oral contraceptives
Authors: Loginova K. B. , Dyukova G. M. , Dobrokhotova Yu. V. , Danilov A. B. 
Published: December 2019

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with severe psycho-emotional disorders. The frequency of occurrence of PMDD in women of the reproductive period of the Russian Federation is estimated at an average of 15.6 %. The development of PMDD is based on the individual sensitivity of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides to fluctuations in the levels of sex steroid hormones of the ovulatory menstrual cycle, therefore, hormone therapy drugs are used for PMDD therapy — combined oral contraceptives (COC) that suppress ovulation.The purposeof this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of COC containing drospirenone in the treatment of PMDD.Materials and methods.78 women of the reproductive period underwent a comprehensive examination and treatment of PMDD symptoms with contraceptives containing 30 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg of drospirenone (Midian).Results of the study.The age of patients with PMDD averaged 33.7 years; 55 % of women were between 25–34 years old; 97 % needed contraception; all women represented in the group had higher education, normal menstrual function and body mass index. After 3 months of treatment, there was a statistically significant decrease in pain of various localization, problems with appetite, difficulties in communicating with others, sleep disturbances, and an increase in productivity at work, at home and in school. After 6 months of treatment, COC psycho-emotional symptoms, such as depression, anger, irritation, emotional lability, anxiety, tension, loss of control, significantly regressed, while the effectiveness of therapy reached 50 % relative to the original background. Physical symptoms of PMS, such as swelling of the mammary glands, pain of various locations, sleep disturbances, were stopped on average by 70 %.Conclusions.COC containing drospirenone can be used to treat severe premenstrual syndrome, i. e. PMDD.
Assessment of progression of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged individuals with hypertension in combination with comorbid extracardial diseases
Authors: Khidirova L. D. , Yakhontov D. A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose. To assess the progression of atrial fibrillation in middle-aged people with hypertension in combination with comorbid extracardiac diseases.Materials and methods. In an observational cohort study, 308 patients aged 45–65 years with atrial fibrillation (paroxysmal and persistent forms) with hypertension in combination with extracardiac pathology were observed: diabetes mellitus (n = 40), thyrotoxicosis (n = 42), hypothyroidism (n = 59), abdominal obesity (n = 64) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 47). The control group consisted of 56 patients with hypertension + AF without concomitant extracardiac disease. The level of MMP-9 was determined using the Human MMP-9 (total) Immunoassay test-system (USA); NT-proBNP — using the NTproBNP-IFA-Best reagent kit; galectin-3 — with ELISA — Bender MedSystems (Austria). Echocardiography was performed using an Acuson Aspen apparatus (USA), 24-hour ECG monitoring with Schiller Medilog Holter system. All statistical calculations were carried out in the program Rstudio 0.99.879 (RStudio, USA).Results. In patients with hypertension and atrial fibrillation, the combination of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.041) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.004) is the most prognostic factor for AF progression. In groups of patients with diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and abdominal obesity, the most pronounced indicators of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle were: E/A, LVMI (men); the size of the left atrium and the end-diastolic size of the left ventricle are increased in all clinical groups. The prognostic value of biomarkers of fibrosis and remodeling of galectin-3 and MMP-9, and NT-proBNP in the progression of atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension in combination with extracardial diseases is shown.Conclusion. There is no doubt that in case of hypertension, the decompensation of long-term hypertrophic myocardium is based on a violation of the balanced growth of its various structures and the formation of fibrosis and myocardial dystrophy, which was confirmed in the present study. The detected elevated levels of MMP-9, galectin-3 and NT-proBNP, as well as ultrasonic signs of myocardial remodeling, confirmed that they statistically significantly affect the progression of atrial fibrillation. In this regard, a personalized approach to a patient with atrial fibrillation in combination with comorbid pathology is required, especially in middle-aged people at the stage of comorbidity formation, under the conditions of received diagnostic information on the electrical function of the heart and assessment of the functional capabilities of CVS during its transition to various levels of functioning.
Positive water balance and consequences for water-electrolyte metabolism in patients with polytrauma
Authors: Orlov Yu. P. , Govorova N. V. , Neifeld M. S. , Gorst I. A. 
Published: December 2019

Objective. To assess the effect of a three-day positive water balance (PWB) during infusion therapy on the level of blood plasma electrolytes (sodium, chlorine), hematocrit, the concentration of total hemoglobin and the influence of the studied factors on patient survival in the intensive care unit.Materials and methods. In 47 patients with polytrauma who had multiple organ dysfunction and signs of systemic inflammation, using non-parametric analysis, the ROC-curve method, logistic regression, and relative risk analysis, we studied the effect of PWB on sodium and chlorine metabolism, hematocrit, total hemoglobin concentration and evaluated their relationship with treatment outcome. The subjects were divided into two groups: I — surviving patients whose PWB level for three days was less than 3,000 ml (n = 28) and II — the died (n = 19) whose PWB level for three days was more than 3,000 ml.Results. The average value of sodium for three days was significantly higher in patients of group II: 140.267 ± 3.713 mmol/l against the patients (138.067 ± 2.515 mmol/l; p = 0.020906) of group I. By the end of three days, the level of total hemoglobin was statistically significantly lower in group II (101.89 ± 18.27 g/l) than in group I (120.30 ± 21.70 g/l); p < 0.000025. The hematocrit index was also significantly lower in patients of group II (29.40 ± 4.85 %) than in group I (34.30 ± 6.03 %); p < 0.000034.Conclusion. At a PWB level of three days over 3,000 ml, there is an increase in blood sodium with a tendency to hypernatremia, a hemodilution effect with a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit. A negative effect of PWB on water-electrolyte metabolism, an acid-base state, the disorders of which cause an increased risk of death, is observed several times more often in patients with excess PWB (more than 3,000 ml in three days) than among patients with lower PWB (less than 3,000 ml for the same period).
Informativeness of cytokine profile in predicting complications in patients with myocardial infarction on background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Naumov A. V. , Saroyants L. V. , Prokofyeva T. V. , Polunina O. S. , Polunina E. A. 
Published: December 2019

Objective.To determine the information content of the cytokine profile (IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6) in predicting complications in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) against the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods.In 85 people were examined: 28 patients with myocardial infarction, 37 patients with comorbid pathology (MI + COPD) and 20 somatically healthy volunteers as a control group. Determination of IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-6 levels was basing on enzyme immunoassay.Results.When assessing the cytokine profile in patients with MI and MI against the background of COPD, the most pronounced differences between groups of patients were observed in the levels of IL-6. Analyzing the association of the level of IL-6 with the presence of early complications of MI, it was found that the level of IL-6 in patients with complicated MI was significantly higher than in patients with uncomplicated course. The highest level of IL-6 was recorded in the subgroup of patients with complicated myocardial infarction during COPD. Studying the levels of IL-6 depending on the type of complications of myocardial infarction showed that the highest values of IL-6 were recorded in the group of comorbid patients with cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema.Conclusion.When determining the cytokine status in patients with myocardial infarction on the background of COPD, the level of IL-6 should be considered as the main indicator. This cytokine can be considered a marker of left ventricular that developed in the acute period in patients with myocardial infarction on the background of COPD.
Relationship of profiles of antinuclear antibodies and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Aleksandrova E. N. , Novikov A. A. , Verizhnikova Zh. G. , Panafidina T. A. , Lukina G. V. 
Published: December 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by pathological activation of the innate and acquired immune response, the formation of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and dysregulation of cytokine production. Objective: to study the relationship of ANA and cytokine profiles in patients with SLE using multiplex immune analysis (MIA) of these biomarkers. We examined 94 patients with SLE (SLICC diagnosis criteria, 2012) and 28 healthy donors. Profiles of ANA and cytokines in blood serum were determined on the basis of suspension microarray technology xMAP. In SLE, antibodies to dsDNA (52.1 %), nucleosomes (54.3 %) and SS-A/Ro (37.2 %), less often to Sm (28.7 %), RibP (14, 9 %), RNP-70 (13.8 %) and SS-B/La (11.7 %). Disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) positively correlated with the concentration of antibodies to dsDNA (r = 0.6), nucleosomes (r = 0.7), Sm (r = 0.4) and RibP (r = 0.3) (p < 0.05). In the sera of patients with SLE, an increase in the levels of IL-4, -6, -8, -12, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1β, RANTES and a decrease in the content of IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-9, IL-10, eotaxin, G-CSF, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, TNF-α, FGF, PDGF-BB, VEGF compared to donors (p < 0.05). An increase in the concentration of IP-10 and MCP-1 was associated with high disease activity (r = 0.4; r = 0.3; p < 0.05), hyperproduction of antibodies to dsDNA (r = 0.3), nucleosomes (r = 0.5), Sm (r = 0.5), SS-B/La (r = 0.3), RibP (r = 0.4) (p < 0.05) and antibodies to Sm (r = 0.3), SS-B/La (r = 0.3), RibP (r = 0.3) (p < 0.05), respectively.Conclusion: the formation of ANA and high activity of SLE are associated with the overexpression of chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 induced by IFN.
Secondary Sjögren's in patients with systemic scleroderma
Authors: Selifanova E. I. , Esayan M. S. 
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological differences of the minor salivary glands in patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome associated with systemic scleroderma (Scl-SS). Total of 40 patients were grouped according to the American–European Consensus Group criteria. Information about the duration of the disease was taken from the patients records. Sections of the minor salivary gland biopsy were reevaluated, and the lymphocyte focus score (FS), plasma cell focus, and fibrosis rates were all evaluated. The groups were formed according to the duration of the disease: less than and over 5 years.Results. Scl-SS leads to changes in both in the large salivary glands and in the MSG, manifested in the form of mucoid swelling, fibrinoid changes, hyalinosis and sclerosis. In patients with Scl-SS the progression of the process leads to the destruction of the duct wall and to the focal and diffuse lymphoid infiltration.