bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial globalisation and the labour share in developing countries: The type of capital matters
Authors: van Treeck Katharina , Wacker Konstantin M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate how de facto financial globalisation has influenced the labour share in developing countries. Our main argument is the need to distinguish between different types of capital in this context as they differ in their effect on the host countries' production process and vary concerning their bargaining power vis‐à‐vis labour. Our econometric analysis of the impact of foreign direct versus portfolio investment in a sample of about 40 developing and transition countries after 1992 supports this claim. Using different panel data techniques to address potential endogeneity problems, we find that foreign direct investment has a positive effect on the labour share in developing countries, while the impact of portfolio investment is significantly smaller and potentially negative. Our results also highlight that de facto foreign investment cannot explain the decline of the labour share in developing countries over the investigated period.
Bionic women and men ‐ Part 2: Arterial stiffness in heart failure patients implanted with left ventricular assist devices
Authors: McDonnell Barry J. , Rosenblum Hannah , Cornwell William K. , Kanwar Manreet , Cockcroft John R. , Stöhr Eric J. 
Published: March 2020

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review discusses how implantation of continuous flow left ventricular assist devices impact arterial stiffness and outcome.
What advances does it highlight?
Not all patients implanted with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices show an increase in arterial stiffness. However, in those patients where arterial stiffness increases, levels of composite outcome (stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, pump thrombosis and death) is significantly higher than those who's arterial stiffness does not increase.AbstractIn parallel with the major advances in clinical care, technological advancements and implantation of mechanical circulatory support in patients with severe heart failure have resulted in these patients living longer. However, these patients are still at increased risk of stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding. The unique continuous flow produced by various left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has been suggested as one potential reason for this increased risk of stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding. Furthermore, these continuous‐flow (CF) devices challenge our understanding of circulatory blood pressure and flow regulation in relationship to organ health. In healthy pulsatile and dynamic systems, arterial stiffness is a major independent risk factor for stroke. However, to date, there are limited data regarding the impact of CF‐LVAD therapy on arterial stiffness. The purpose of this report is to discuss the variable impact of CF‐LVAD therapy on arterial stiffness and attempt to highlight some potential mechanisms linking these associations in this unique population.
From bedside‐to‐bench: What disease‐associated variants are teaching us about the NMDA receptor
Authors: Amin Johansen B. , Moody Gabrielle R. , Wollmuth Lonnie P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate‐gated ion channels that contribute to nearly all brain processes. Not surprisingly then, genetic variations in the genes encoding NMDAR subunits can be associated with neurodevelopmental, neurological and psychiatric disorders. These disease‐associated variants (DAVs) present challenges, such as defining how DAV‐induced alterations in receptor function contribute to disease progression and how to treat the affected individual clinically. As a starting point to overcome these challenges, we need to refine our understanding of the complexity of NMDAR structure function. In this regard, DAVs have expanded our knowledge of NMDARs because they do not just target well‐known structure‐function motifs, but rather give an unbiased view of structural elements that are important to the biology of NMDARs. Indeed, established NMDAR structure‐function motifs have been validated by the appearance of disorders in patients where these motifs have been altered, and DAVs have identified novel structural features in NMDARs such as gating triads and hinges in the gating machinery. Still, the majority of DAVs remain unexplored and occur at sites in the protein with unidentified function or alter receptor properties in multiple and unanticipated ways. Detailed mechanistic and structural investigations are required of both established and novel motifs to develop a highly refined pathomechanistic model that accounts for the complex machinery that regulates NMDARs. Such a model would provide a template for rational drug design and a starting point for personalized medicine.
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Limited capacity for ipsilateral secondary motor areas to support hand function post‐stroke
Authors: Wilkins Kevin B. , Yao Jun , Owen Meriel , Karbasforoushan Haleh , Carmona Carolina , Dewald Julius P.A. 
Published: March 2020

Key points
Ipsilateral‐projecting corticobulbar pathways, originating primarily from secondary motor areas, innervate the proximal and even distal portions, although they branch more extensively at the spinal cord.
It is currently unclear to what extent these ipsilateral secondary motor areas and subsequent cortical projections may contribute to hand function following stroke‐induced damage to one hemisphere.
In the present study, we provide both structural and functional evidence indicating that individuals increasingly rely on ipsilateral secondary motor areas, although at the detriment of hand function.
Increased activity in ipsilateral secondary motor areas was associated with increased involuntary coupling between shoulder abduction and finger flexion, most probably as a result of the low resolution of these pathways, making it increasingly difficult to open the hand.
These findings suggest that, although ipsilateral secondary motor areas may support proximal movements, they do not have the capacity to support distal hand function, particularly for hand opening.
AbstractRecent findings have shown connections of ipsilateral cortico‐reticulospinal tract (CRST), predominantly originating from secondary motor areas to not only proximal, but also distal muscles of the arm. Following a unilateral stroke, CRST from the ipsilateral side remains intact and thus has been proposed as a possible backup system for post‐stroke rehabilitation even for the hand. We argue that, although CRST from ipsilateral secondary motor areas can provide control for proximal joints, it is insufficient to control either hand or coordinated shoulder and hand movements as a result of its extensive spinal branching compared to contralateral corticospinal tract. To address this issue, we combined magnetic resonance imaging, high‐density EEG, and robotics in 17 individuals with severe chronic hemiparetic stroke and 12 age‐matched controls. We tested for changes in structural morphometry of the sensorimotor cortex and found that individuals with stroke demonstrated higher grey matter density in secondary motor areas ipsilateral to the paretic arm compared to controls. We then measured cortical activity when participants were attempting to generate hand opening either supported on a table or when lifting against a shoulder abduction load. The addition of shoulder abduction during hand opening increased reliance on ipsilateral secondary motor areas in stroke, but not controls. Crucially, the increased use of ipsilateral secondary motor areas was associated with decreased hand opening ability when lifting the arm as a result of involuntary coupling between the shoulder and wrist/finger flexors. Taken together, this evidence implicates a compensatory role for ipsilateral (i.e. contralesional) secondary motor areas post‐stroke, although with no apparent capacity to support hand function.
Recent Progress in Reducing the Uncertainty in and Improving Pyranometer Calibrations
Authors: Myers Daryl R. , Stoffel Thomas L. , Reda Ibrahim , Wilcox Stephen M. , Andreas Afshin M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Measurements and Instrumentation Team within the Distributed Energy Resources Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL, calibrates pyranometers for outdoor testing solar energy conversion systems. The team also supports climate change research programs. These activities led NREL to improve pyranometer calibrations. Low thermal-offset radiometers measuring the sky diffuse component of the reference solar irradiance removes bias errors on the order of 20 Watts per square meter (W/m2) in the calibration reference irradiance. Zenith angle dependent corrections to responsivities of pyranometers removes 15 to 30 W/m2 bias errors from field measurements. Detailed uncertainty analysis of our outdoor calibration process shows a 20% reduction in the uncertainty in the responsivity of pyranometers. These improvements affect photovoltaic module and array performance characterization, assessment of solar resources for design, sizing, and deployment of solar renewable energy systems, and ground-based validation of satellite-derived solar radiation fluxes.
Predictive models of medication non-adherence risks of patients with T2D based on multiple machine learning algorithms
Authors: Wu Xing-Wei , Yang Heng-Bo , Yuan Rong , Long En-Wu , Tong Rong-Sheng 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveMedication adherence plays a key role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) care. Identifying patients with high risks of non-compliance helps individualized management, especially for China, where medical resources are relatively insufficient. However, models with good predictive capabilities have not been studied. This study aims to assess multiple machine learning algorithms and screen out a model that can be used to predict patients’ non-adherence risks.MethodsA real-world registration study was conducted at Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital from 1 April 2018 to 30 March 2019. Data of patients with T2D on demographics, disease and treatment, diet and exercise, mental status, and treatment adherence were obtained by face-to-face questionnaires. The medication possession ratio was used to evaluate patients’ medication adherence status. Fourteen machine learning algorithms were applied for modeling, including Bayesian network, Neural Net, support vector machine, and so on, and balanced sampling, data imputation, binning, and methods of feature selection were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). We use two-way cross-validation to ensure the accuracy of model evaluation, and we performed a posteriori test on the sample size based on the trend of AUC as the sample size increase.ResultsA total of 401 patients out of 630 candidates were investigated, of which 85 were evaluated as poor adherence (21.20%). A total of 16 variables were selected as potential variables for modeling, and 300 models were built based on 30 machine learning algorithms. Among these algorithms, the AUC of the best capable one was 0.866±0.082. Imputing, oversampling and larger sample size will help improve predictive ability.ConclusionsAn accurate and sensitive adherence prediction model based on real-world registration data was established after evaluating data filling, balanced sampling, and so on, which may provide a technical tool for individualized diabetes care.
Do recent immigrants have similar obstetrical care and perinatal complications as long-term residents? A retrospective exploratory cohort study in Brussels
Authors: Paquier Leila , Barlow Patricia , Paesmans Marianne , Rozenberg Serge 
Published: March 2020

PurposeRecent immigrants (RIs) face various barriers affecting quality of care. The main research question assessed whether perinatal complications (during pregnancy, labour, delivery and neonatal period) were similar in RIs to those in long-term residents (LTRs). The secondary question assessed whether prenatal and perinatal care was similar in the two groups.MethodsThis is a monocentric observational study, carried out in Brussels between November 2016 and March 2017 (n=1365). We surveyed 892 pregnant women during prenatal consultations and immediate postpartum period in order to identify RIs of less than 3 years (n=230, 25%) and compared them with LTRs (n=662). Sociodemographic data, baseline health status, prenatal care, obstetrical and neonatal complications were compared between these two groups. Multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to examine the occurrence of perinatal complications (during pregnancy, labour and delivery, and neonatal period) between RIs and LTRs after adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsRIs were living more frequently in precarious conditions. RIs were younger (p<0.001) and had a lower body mass index (p<0.001) than LTRs. Prenatal care was often delayed in RIs, resulting in fewer evaluations during the first trimester (p<0.001). They had a lower prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (p<0.05) and less complications during the pregnancy even after adjustment for confounding factors. Similar obstetrical care during labour and delivery occurred. After adjustment for confounding factors, no differences in labour and delivery complications were observed. Although RIs’ newborns had a lower umbilical cord blood pH (<0.05), a lower 1 min of life Apgar score (p<0.01) and more frequently required respiratory assistance (p<0.05), no differences in the composite endpoint of neonatal complications were observed. No increase in complications in the RI group was detected whatever the considered period.ConclusionRIs had less optimal prenatal care but this did not result in more obstetrical and perinatal complications.
Duration of sick leave after active surveillance, surgery or radiotherapy for localised prostate cancer: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Plym Anna , Clements Mark , Voss Margaretha , Holmberg Lars , Stattin Pär , Lambe Mats 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the loss of working time due to sick leave by treatment strategy for localised prostate cancer.DesignNationwide cohort study.SettingSweden.ParticipantsA total of 15 902 working-aged men with localised low or intermediate-risk prostate cancer diagnosed during 2007–2016 from the Prostate Cancer Data Base Sweden, together with 63 464 prostate cancer-free men. Men were followed until 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing multistate Markov models, we calculated the proportion of men on work, sick leave, disability pension and death, together with the amount of time spent in each state. All-cause and cause-specific estimates were calculated.ResultsDuring the first 5 years after diagnosis, men with active surveillance as their primary treatment strategy spent a mean of 17 days (95% CI 15 to 19) on prostate cancer-specific sick leave, as compared with 46 days (95% CI 44 to 48) after radical prostatectomy and 44 days (95% CI 38 to 50) after radiotherapy. The pattern was similar after adjustment for cancer and sociodemographic characteristics. There were no differences between the treatment strategies in terms of days spent on sick leave due to depression, anxiety or stress. Five years after diagnosis, over 90% of men in all treatment strategies were free from sick leave, disability pension receipt and death from any cause.ConclusionsMen on active surveillance experienced less impact on working life compared with men who received radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. From a long-term perspective, there were no major differences between treatment strategies. Our findings can inform men diagnosed with localised prostate cancer on how different treatment strategies may affect their working lives.
Primary care patient and practitioner views of weight and weight-related discussion: a mixed-methods study
Authors: McHale Calum T , Laidlaw Anita H , Cecil Joanne E 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo understand the beliefs that primary care practitioners (PCPs) and patients with overweight and obesity have about obesity and primary care weight management in Scotland.SettingSeven National Health Service (NHS) Scotland primary care centres.ParticipantsA total of 305 patients and 14 PCPs (12 general practitioners; two practice nurses) participated.Design and methodologyA cross-sectional mixed-methods study. PCPs and patients completed questionnaires assessing beliefs about obesity and primary care weight communication and management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with PCPs to elaborate on questionnaire topics. Quantitative and qualitative data were synthesised to address study objectives.Results(1) Many patients with overweight and obesity did not accurately perceive their weight or risk of developing weight-related health issues; (2) PCPs and patients reported behavioural factors as the most important cause of obesity, and medical factors as the most important consequence; (3) PCPs perceive their role in weight management as awareness raising and signposting, not prevention or weight monitoring; (4) PCPs identify structural and patient-related factors as barriers to weight communication and management, but not PCP factors.ConclusionsIncongruent and/or inaccurate beliefs held by PCPs and patient may present barriers to effective weight discussion and management in primary care. There is a need to review, standardise and clarify primary care weight management processes in Scotland. Acknowledging a shared responsibility for obesity as a disease may improve outcomes for patients with overweight and obesity.
p-wave holographic superconductors with massive vector condensate in Born–Infeld electrodynamics
Authors: Srivastav Ankur , Ghorai Debabrata , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have studied the effect of Born–Infeld electrodynamics in holographic p-wave superconductors with massive vector condensation. We have analysed this model in the probe limit using a variational method known as the Stürm–Liouville eigenvalue approach. For this p-wave holographic superconductor model, we have calculated the critical temperature $$T_{c}$$Tc as well as the value of the condensation operator for two different choices of $$m^{2}$$m2. We have also pointed out the similarities and dissimilarities between this model for $$m^{2} = 0$$m2=0 and p-wave holographic superconductor model constructed out of Einstein–Yang–Mills theory. We have then computed the conductivity of these holographic superconductor models using a self-consistent approach and have shown that the DC conductivity diverges.
On the quantization of Burgers vector and gravitational energy in the space-time of a conical defect
Authors: Carneiro F. L. , Ulhoa S. C. , da Rocha-Neto J. F. , Maluf J. W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA conical topological defect is the result of translational and/or rotational deformations of spacetime, in particular the Burgers vector describes the translational deformation. Such a configuration represents a discontinuity, that cannot be removed by coordinate transformations, and is related to the spacetime torsion. Using the Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity (TERG), a gravitational theory that is dynamically equivalent to General Relativity (GR), we investigate the consequences of assuming a discrete Burgers vector on the geodesic motion of particles around a static conical defect. The result is a helical geodesic motion of a test particle around the defect, with a discrete step that depends on the magnitude of the dislocation.
Free energy and entropy for finite temperature quantum field theory under the influence of periodic backgrounds
Authors: Bordag M. , Muñoz-Castañeda J. M. , Santamaría-Sanz L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe basic thermodynamic quantities for a non-interacting scalar field in a periodic potential composed of either a one-dimensional chain of Dirac $$\delta -\delta ^\prime $$δ-δ′ functions or a specific potential with extended compact support are calculated. First, we consider the representation in terms of real frequencies (or one-particle energies). Then we turn the axis of frequency integration towards the imaginary axis by a finite angle, which allows for easy numerical evaluation, and finally turn completely to the imaginary frequencies and derive the corresponding Matsubara representation, which this way appears also for systems with band structure. In the limit case $$T \rightarrow 0$$T→0 we confirm earlier results on the vacuum energy. We calculate for the mentioned examples the free energy and the entropy and generalize earlier results on negative entropy.
Analysis of the $$\psi (4040)$$ and $$\psi (4160)$$ decay into $$D^{(*)} {{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}$$, $$D_s^{(*)}{{\bar{D}}}_s^{(*)}$$
Authors: Bayar M. , Ikeno N. , Oset E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe have performed an analysis of the $$e^+ e^- \rightarrow D^{(*)} {{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}$$e+e-→D(∗)D¯(∗) data in the region of the $$\psi (4040)$$ψ(4040) and $$\psi (4160)$$ψ(4160) resonances which have a substantial overlap and require special care. By using the $$^3 P_0$$3P0 model to relate the different $$D^{(*)} {{\bar{D}}}^{(*)}$$D(∗)D¯(∗) production modes, we make predictions for production of these channels and compare with experiment and other theoretical approaches. As a side effect we find that these resonances qualify largely as $$c {{\bar{c}}}$$cc¯ states and the weight of the meson–meson components in the wave function is very small.
Permanence and extinction of a single species model in polluted environment
Authors: Zhao Jiandong , Zhang Tonghua 
Published: March 2020

Under the assumption that the growth of the population satisfies the generalized logistic equation, a new single species model in polluted environment is proposed in this work. Sufficient conditions for permanence and extinction of the species in the model are given respectively. It is shown that our model and the results are improvements of those in He and Wang [Appl. Math. Model. 31 (2007) 2227–2238].
Learning Semantic Representations from Directed Social Links to Tag Microblog Users at Scale
Authors: Zhao Wayne Xin , Hou Yupeng , Chen Junhua , Zhu Jonathan J. H. , Yin Eddy Jing , Su Hanting , Wen Ji-Rong 
Published: March 2020

This article presents a network embedding approach to automatically generate tags for microblog users. Instead of using text data, we aim to annotate microblog users with meaningful tags by leveraging rich social link data. To utilize directed social links, we use two kinds of node representations for modeling user interest in terms of their followers and followees, respectively. To alleviate the sparsity problem, we propose a novel method based on two transformation functions for capturing implicit interest similarity. Different from previous works on capturing high-order proximity, our model is able to directly characterize the effect of the context user on the proximity of node pairs. Another novelty of our model is that the importance scores of users learned from the classic PageRank algorithm are utilized to set the link weights. By using such weights, our model is more capable of disentangling the interest similarity evidence of a link. We jointly consider the above factors when designing the final objective function.
We construct a very large evaluation set consisting of 2.6M users, 0.5M tags, and 0.8B following links. To our knowledge, it is the largest reported dataset for microblog user tagging in the literature. Extensive experiments on this dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. We implement this approach with several optimization techniques, which makes our model easy to scale to very large social networks. Ubiquitous social links provide important data resources to understand user interests. Our work provides an effective and efficient solution to annotate user interests solely using the link data, which has important practical value in industry. To illustrate the use of our models, we implement a demonstration system for visualizing, navigating, and searching microblog users.