bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Pupil Size and Halos With Minus Lenses After Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Wachler Brian S Boxer , Hiatt Drew , Chou Brian , Christie Jonathan P 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the amount of miosis induced by over-minused lenses and to assess subjective reduction of halos following laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with such lenses.
METHODS: Part I: Infrared pupil diameter was assessed in 14 patients who had not had ocular surgery. The accommodative/miotic reflex was stimulated with concave trial lenses in -1.00-D increments up to -4.00 D while viewing the 20/40 acuity line. Part II. Subjective halos around a distant light were assessed in 14 patients following LASIK for myopia, with and without a -1.00-D lens over manifest refraction.
RESULTS: Part I: 100%, 79%, and 64% of patients clearly saw the 20/40 line with a -1.00-D lens, -2.00-D lens, and -3.00/-4.00-D lens, respectively. Mean pupil diameter decreased by 0.2 mm with the -1.00-D lens (P=.02), 0.5 mm with the -2.00-D lens (P=.003), 0.9 mm with the -3.00-D lens (P=.008,), and 1.1 mm with the -4.00-D lens (P=.008). Part II: 11 of 14 patients (79%) noticed a decrease in the size of the halo (30% average reduction) when overminused by -1.00 D.
CONCLUSIONS: Pupil diameters and halos decreased with a -1.00-D overcorrection in patients following LASIK. Patients with pupil-dependent night halos after LASIK may benefit from mildly over-minused lenses. [J Refract Surg 2004;20: 149-154]
Confocal Microscopy in Early Diagnosis of Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Authors: Nakano Eliane , Oliveira Marivaldo , Portellinha Waldir , de Freitas Denise , Nakano Kozo 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study correlated confocal microscopic images obtained using the Nidek ConfoScan 2.0 System in corneas with clinical suspicion of Acanthamoeba keratitis, with diagnosis confirmed by either cytological and/or histological analysis.
METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 14 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis underwent confocal microscopy evaluation.
RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of 14 patients (one bilateral case) showed Acanthamoeba keratitis alterations that ranged from massive infestation to cicatricial opacity in the stroma. Ten patients (71%) were females. Mean age was 26 years (range 19 to 37 yr). All patients were contact lens wearers.
CONCLUSION: Confocal microscopy was a useful, noninvasive technique in the diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis, especially in those cases in which corneal scraping, cytological analysis, and culture are negative. It also eliminated the necessity of tissue biopsy, considered an invasive procedure. [J Refract Surg 2004;20 (suppl): S737-S740]
Implantation of Artisan Toric Phakic Intraocular Lenses for the Correction of Astigmatism and Spherical Errors in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Budo Camille , Bartels Marjolijn C , van Rij Gabriel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the correction of astigmatism and spherical ametropia in patients with keratoconus through implantation of an Artisan toric phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) (Ophtec, Groningen, The Netherlands).
METHODS: Artisan toric PIOLs were implanted uneventfully in both eyes of three patients with keratoconus with clear central corneas and contact lens intolerance.
RESULTS: Best spectacle-corrected subjective visual acuity after lens implantation was unchanged in one eye and improved in five eyes. Spherical equivalent refraction was significantly reduced in all eyes (P=. 03). The safety index was 1.49.
CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of an Artisan toric PIOL may be an alternative for treating astigmatism and myopia in contact lens intolerant patients with keratoconus with clear central corneas. Especially in patients with associated myopia, this procedure is worth considering before planning a penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg. 2005;21:218-222.]
Kwiha (Tigray, Ethiopia): the Aksumite city
Authors: Breton Jean-François , Ayele Yohannes Aytenew 
Published: December 2019

Kwiha, à une dizaine de kilomètres à l’est de Mekelle, capitale de l’État régional du Tigray, a été occupé de façon discontinue entre le iiie millénaire avant notre ère et la période contemporaine (Barnett 1999 : 135-138). Un abri sous roche, fouillé dans les années quarante, aurait été le lieu de productions d’obsidienne, puis de céramique, du iiie au ie millénaire. Kiwa et ses environs furent ensuite occupés pendant la période aksoumite, et peut-être déjà à la période pré-aksoumite, jusqu’à son déclin au viie siècle de notre ère. Kwiha, situé sur la route commerciale menant aux mines de sel de la dépression de l’Afar, était probablement un marché de sel très ancien, où les communautés musulmanes vivaient aux côtés des chrétiennes. Du cimetière musulman proviennent un nombre important de stèles islamiques portant des inscriptions arabes allant du xe au xiiie siècle. Suite à un amendement au protocole d’accord conclu avec le Centre français d’études éthiopiennes (CFEE), les chercheurs de l’université de Mekelle ont lancé un programme de recherche interdisciplinaire à long terme à Kwiha. Cette étude préliminaire avait pour objectif une évaluation provisoire de l’occupation du site et du territoire antique de Kwiha, de ses ressources naturelles et de l’utilisation des sols. Une collecte systématique de la céramique de surface à Kwiha et dans ses environs a été réalisée entre 2014 à 2017 et cet article en fait l’étude préliminaire.
Autels en pierre des « lieux de Dieu » tsu’Ssi à Bansoa (Cameroun) : entre art des environnements sacrés et dépôts picturaux rituels
Authors: Tchandeu Narcisse Santores , Kengné Willy Valdès , Fokam Noulé Willy-Yannick 
Published: December 2019

Absente des études sur les structures en pierre du Cameroun, la chefferie de Bansoa, au centre du plateau bamiléké, vient de révéler l’une des plus grandes concentrations de pierres dressées et de cairns du Grassland. Elle semble être le reflet de l’enracinement ancien d’une pratique culturelle pérennisée par un peuplement dense, à l’origine d’un marquage systématique de l’espace à travers la multiplication des « lieux de Dieu » tsu’Ssi, conservatoires des écosystèmes sacralisés. Au cœur de ce patrimoine, se trouve la figure mythique du kam’Ssi, sorte de prêtre dont les processions rituelles chargent les autels de pierres de dépôts picturaux aussi symboliques que sensoriels. Ce rapport de l’objet d’étude à une ethnologie encore bien vivante permet d’apprécier celui-ci dans toutes ses composantes et eu égard à l’histoire générale des structures en pierre de la région.
Le Miraculé de Saint-Pierre : de Cyparis à Chocolat, ou le Noir comme « spectacle »
Authors: Gyssels Kathleen 
Published: December 2019

Dans Le miraculé de Saint-Pierre, Gaston-Paul Effa exhume une histoire antillaise mal connue : la survie et les tribulations du rescapé de l’éruption du Mont Pelée qui fit plus de 30 000 morts, en 1902. L’auteur afropéen restitue la vie tragique d’un des rares rescapés du drame, Cyparis.À travers son personnage, l’auteur donne à réfléchir sur l’étrange attraction qu’éprouve l’homme pour son semblable souffrant, démuni, mis en scène dans des kermesses, des cirques des zoos humains. Mêlant fiction et réalité historique, il campe une de ses lectrices qui lui reproche certaines imperfections dans son roman précédent. Dans Rendez-vous avec l’heure qui blesse, Gaston-Paul Effa s’était notamment penché sur un autre personnage fort inconnu jusqu’alors des lecteurs antillais et francophones : Raphaël Elizé, maire d’origine martiniquaise déporté et mort à Buchenwald1. Ces reproches adressés par cette fan sont d’autant plus pris au sérieux qu’elle est l’arrière-petite-fille du prisonnier qui miraculeusement survit à l’incendie meurtrier qui raya la population de Saint-Pierre de la Martinique de la terre suite à l’éruption du volcan en 1902.
IL-9 Controls Central Nervous System Autoimmunity by Suppressing GM-CSF Production
Authors: Yoshimura Satoshi , Thome Rodolfo , Konno Shingo , Mari Elisabeth R. , Rasouli Javad , Hwang Daniel , Boehm Alexandra , Li Yanhua , Zhang Guang-Xian , Ciric Bogoljub , Rostami Abdolmohamad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are inflammatory diseases of the CNS in which Th17 cells play a major role in the disease pathogenesis. Th17 cells that secrete GM-CSF are pathogenic and drive inflammation of the CNS. IL-9 is a cytokine with pleiotropic functions, and it has been suggested that it controls the pathogenic inflammation mediated by Th17 cells, and IL-9R−/− mice develop more severe EAE compared with wild-type counterparts. However, the underlying mechanism by which IL-9 suppresses EAE has not been clearly defined. In this study, we investigated how IL-9 modulates EAE development. By using mice knockout for IL-9R, we show that more severe EAE in IL-9R−/− mice correlates with increased numbers of GM-CSF+ CD4+ T cells and inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) in the CNS. Furthermore, DCs from IL-9R−/− mice induced more GM-CSF production by T cells and exacerbated EAE upon adoptive transfer than did wild-type DCs. Our results suggest that IL-9 reduces autoimmune neuroinflammation by suppressing GM-CSF production by CD4+ T cells through the modulation of DCs.
LYZ Matrices and SL() Contravariant Valuations on Polytopes
Authors: Ma Dan , Wang Wei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAll SL($n$) contravariant symmetric matrix valued valuations on convex polytopes in$\mathbb{R}^{n}$are completely classified without any continuity assumptions. The general Lutwak–Yang–Zhang matrix is shown to be essentially the unique such valuation.
21st-century Asian air pollution impacts glacier in northwestern Tibet
Authors: Sierra-Hernández M. Roxana , Beaudon Emilie , Gabrielli Paolo , Thompson Lonnie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Over the last 4 decades, Asian countries have undergone substantial economic development, leading to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Consequently, fossil fuel consumption has risen dramatically, worsening the air quality in Asia. Fossil fuel combustion emits particulate matter containing toxic metals that can adversely affect living organisms, including humans. Thus, it is imperative to investigate the temporal and spatial extent of metal pollution in Asia. Recently, we reported a continuous and high-resolution 1650–1991 ice core record from the Guliya ice cap in northwestern Tibet, China, showing contamination of Cd, Pb, and Zn during the 20th century. Here, we present a new continuous and high-resolution ice core record of trace metals from the Guliya ice cap that comprises the years between 1971 and 2015, extending the 1650–1991 ice core record into the 21st century. Non-crustal Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni enrichments increased have since the 1990s relative to the 1971–1990 period, reaching a maximum in 2008. The enrichments of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni increased by ∼75 %, 35 %, 30 %, and 10 %, respectively, during the 2000–2015 period relative to 1971–1990. The observed trace element (TE) enrichments likely originated primarily from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, with contributions from industrial processes and agricultural activities from South Asia (Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Nepal), Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), and the Xinjiang province in western China. This new record demonstrates that the current emissions in Asia impact remote high-altitude glaciers in the region.
Terrestrial ion escape and relevant circulation in space
Authors: Yamauchi Masatoshi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Observations of the terrestrial ion escape to space and the transport of escaping ions in the magnetosphere are reviewed, with the main stress on subjects that were not covered in reviews over past 2 decades, during which Cluster has significantly improved our knowledge of them.
Here, outflowing ions from the ionosphere are classified in terms of energy rather than location: (1) as cold ions refilling the plasmasphere faster than Jeans escape, (2) as cold supersonic ions such as the polar wind, and (3) as suprathermal ions energized by wave–particle interaction or parallel potential acceleration, mainly starting from cold supersonic ions.
The majority of the suprathermal ions above the ionosphere become “hot” at high altitudes, with much higher velocity than the escape velocity even for heavy ions.
This makes heavy hot ions more abundant in the magnetosphere than heavy ions transported by cold refilling ions or cold supersonic flow. The immediate destination of these terrestrial ions varies from the plasmasphere, the inner magnetosphere including those entering the ionosphere in the other hemisphere and the tailward outer boundaries, the magnetotail, and the solar wind (magnetosheath, cusp, and plasma mantle).
Due to time-variable return from the magnetotail, ions with different routes and energy meet in the inner magnetosphere, making it a zoo of different types of ions in both energy and energy distribution.
While the mass-independent drift theory has successfully disentangled this zoo of ions, there are many poorly understood phenomena, e.g., mass-dependent energization.
Half of the heavy ions in this zoo also finally escape to space, mainly due to magnetopause shadowing (overshooting of ion drift beyond the magnetopause) and charge exchange near the mirror altitude where the exospheric neutral density is at its highest. The amount of heavy ions mixing directly with the solar wind is already the same as or larger than that entering into the magnetotail and is large enough to extract the solar wind kinetic energy in the cusp–plasma mantle through the mass-loading effect and drive the current system near the cusp independently of the global current system.
Considering the past solar and solar wind conditions, ion escape might even have influenced the evolution of the terrestrial biosphere.
Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of leave extracts of Helianthus annuus
Authors: Akpor Oghenerobor , Olaolu Tomilola , Rotimi Damilare 
Published: December 2019

Helianthus annuus has been widely used for its medicinal and nutritional properties. This study was aimed at assessing the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and methanol extracts of Helianthus annuus for antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. The phytochemical screening, total phenols, DPPH radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity were carried out following standard procedures. Preliminary screening of the antibacterial activities of the extracts was carried out on five bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae), using the agar-diffusion method. Growth rate studies in presence of the extract was investigated on two bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis and E. coli). The methanol extract was observed to inhibit the growth of the five bacterial species while ethyl acetate and N-hexane extracts showed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extended lag periods of 5 - 6 h were observed when the Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were grown in broth medium that contained the respective extracts. In broth medium with mixture of extract and ascorbic acid, there was no observed growth of the Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli throughout the 7 h incubation period. The total phenolics content of the extracts revealed concentrations of 6.66 ±0.45, 5.58 ±0.11 and 6.06±0.41 mg TAE.g-1) for the methanol, N-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging assay results displayed gradual increase in percentage inhibition from the lowest to the highest concentration across all the standard groups, a similar trend was observed with the extracts, the ethyl acetate extract showed highest percentage inhibition amongst the other extracts. All the extracts showed high reducing power ability. The nitric oxide scavenging ability of the extracts showed constant increase with increase in concentration. Helianthus annus, it could be a good source of antimicrobial and antioxidant especially in a world where resistance to antibiotic has increasingly become a global concern.
Robert Coles and Cormac McCarthy: A Case Study of Literary Patronage
Authors: Luce Dianne C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
This article draws on the extensive archives of Robert Coles, the records of the Lyndhurst Foundation, and other archival collections to explore Coles's and others' patronage of Cormac McCarthy from 1968 through 1986. Drawn to McCarthy's work through his interest in Appalachian writers, especially those of a spiritual bent, Coles wrote reviews of Outer Dark, Child of God, and Suttree for the New Yorker and wrote in support of McCarthy's 1976 Guggenheim fellowship. Soon after, he initiated a correspondence and friendship with McCarthy. Learning that McCarthy's financial situation was hindering his work, Coles facilitated his receiving a Lyndhurst fellowship, with support of $20,000 annually in late 1979, 1980, and 1981. Then he promoted Lyndhurst's copublishing Suttree in trade paperback in 1986. Finally, a case can be made that Coles influenced McCarthy's receipt of a MacArthur fellowship in 1981. Working almost invisibly behind the scenes, Coles had a great deal to do with McCarthy's surviving his leanest years.
A Farewell to Arm Candy
Authors: Curnutt Kirk 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Andrea di Robilant's Autumn in Venice: Ernest Hemingway and His Last Muse chronicles more scrupulously than ever before the venerable writer's late-in-life infatuation with Adriana Ivancich, a young Venetian some thirty years his junior. Di Robilant—whose great-uncle socialized with Hemingway in the late 1940s and 1950s—argues that Adriana, the inspiration for Renata in the much-mocked novel Across the River and Into the Trees (1950), invigorated the faltering Hemingway as he entered his twilight years, despite the pain that his embarrassing courting caused his fourth wife, Mary Welsh, and the tabloid scandal that engulfed the Ivancich family. Although most likely unconsummated, the relationship was intensely affectionate and flirtatious, as correspondence on both sides reveals. In the #MeToo era, however, this May-December “affair” raises uncomfortable questions about the power imbalance between famous artists and their “muses” that di Robilant declines to examine directly. The result is a sometimes-frustrating read: an entertainingly novelistic, albeit inevitably saturnine, account of a once great literary lion foolishly chasing youth, but a portrait that does not bring clarity to the motives of its main protagonists.
Baş-Boyun BT Anjiyografi’de Otomatik Tüp Akımı Modülasyon Sisteminin Hasta Dozu ve Görüntü Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: YURT Ayşegül , HALİLOĞLU Rukiye Çakır , ÖZSOYKAL İsmail , ŞİŞMAN Gizem. , ADA Emel 
Published: December 2019

Giriş: Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) cihazları teknolojik gelişmeleri ile birlikte hastalıkların tanısında her geçen gün daha fazla kullanılmakta ve bunun sonucu olarak hasta dozlarında büyük bir artışa neden olmaktadır. Klinik olarak BT çekimleri çok yararlı olmasına rağmen, radyasyon dozu ve bunun meydana getirebileceği olası kanser riski geleceğin en büyük problemi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu nedenle BT taramalarında, görüntü kalitesinden ödün vermeden görüntüleme parametrelerini kontrol ederek hasta dozlarının düşürülmesi temel ilke olmalıdır.
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, baş-boyun BT anjiyografi çekimlerinde otomatik tüp akım modülasyon (OTAM) sisteminin kullanılmasının hasta dozlarının azaltılması ve görüntü kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Serebrovasküler hastalık nedeniyle izlenen 23 hasta bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Sabit tüp akımı (mAs) kullanılarak yapılmış rutin baş boyun BT anjiyografi taramasının takibi için gelen hastaya tüm görüntüleme parametreleri sabit kalmak kaydıyla sadece otomatik tüp akımı modülasyonu tekniği kullanılarak tetkik gerçekleştirildi. Her iki yöntemle elde edilen veriler, hem hastaya verilen doz hem de görüntü kalitesi açısından değerlendirildi ve karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Akım modülasyonu sistemi kullanıldığında etkin doz değerinde %35’lik bir azalma gözlendi. Objektif değerlendirme için baş-boyun kısmında belirlenen 3 farklı anatomik bölgede sinyal-gürültü oranı (SNR) değerleri için beyin sapında %49, omuz bölgesinde %25, serebellumda ise %42 lik bir azalma olduğu bulundu. Subjektif değerlendirmede ise akım modülasyon sistemi kullanılarak elde edilen görüntüler 2 radyolog tarafından incelendi ve 0-4 arasındaki puanlama sonucunda bu görüntülerin ortalama puanı 2,2 olarak bulundu.
Sonuç: Baş-boyun anjiyo BT incelmelerinde otomatik akım modülasyonu ile radyasyon dozlarında belirgin azalma elde edilmiş, SNR nin azalmasına rağmen klinik açıdan tanısal kayıp olmadığı görülmüştür. Hasta dozlarının azaltılması ve tanısal açıdan dezavantaj oluşturmaması için uygun kriterlerde kullanılacak OTAM tekniğinin nöroanjiyo çekimlerinde rutin uygulamaya girmesi kesinlikle önerilmektedir.
Kolon adenokarsinomu ve yaygın diffüz büyük B hücreli lenfomaya sekonder prostat tutulumu: Nadir bir olgu
Authors: TEMEL Muhammed Cihan , AKAN Serkan , EDİZ Caner , KAYA TERZİ Neslihan , YILMAZ Ömer 
Published: December 2019

Primer veya sekonder lenfoma prostatta görülen en nadir malignitelerdir. 64 yaşındaki erkek hasta halsizlik, bulantı
ve kilo kaybı şikâyetleri ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Gastrointestinal sistem değerlendirmesi sonucunda kolonoskopide
çekum / çıkan kolon seviyesinde görülen ülserovejetatif kitleden biyopsi alındı ve sonuç adenokarsinom olarak
raporlandı. Evreleme amaçlı yapılan F-18 Fluorodeoksiglikoz Pozitron Emisyon Tomografi görüntülemede; Yumuşak
dokuda ve çıkan kolonda diffüz, boyun-mediasten-akciğer-kas grupları içerisinde ve batında lokalize olmak üzere çok
sayıda hipermetabolik kitle ve sol femurda litik özellikli lezyon görüldü.
Prostat bezi sol üst lateralde yerleşimli yoğun hipermetabolik odak (SUVmax: 18.4) izlendi. Ürolojik değerlendirmede
digital rektal muayene ve prostat spesifik antijen normaldi. 12 kor prostat iğne biyopsisi yapılan hastada bir korda CD
20 ve BCL 2 pozitifliği, CD 3 negatifliği görüldü. Diğer doku biyopsileri ile uyumlu olarak prostatın sekonder diffüz
büyük B- hücreli lenfoması olarak raporlandı. Eş zamanlı kolon adenokarsinomu, yaygın metastatik diffüz büyük B
hücreli lenfoma ve buna sekonder prostat lenfoması görülen bu olguya benzer vaka sayısı literatüre bakıldığında
oldukça nadir olup; Dijital rektal muayenesi normal olan ve prostat spesifik antijen düzeyi normal saptanan
hastalarda metastaz olabilme ihtimalinin dışlanamayacağını akılda tutmak gerekir.
(Ne)morální advokáti: problém ospravedlnění norem profesní etiky
Authors: Hapla Martin 
Published: December 2019

Normy profesní etiky často stanoví advokátům při výkonu jejich profese odlišné standardy chování, než jaké by v totožné situaci platily pro obyčejného člověka. Článek se zabývá otázkou, jak můžeme tyto rozdíly ospravedlnit prostřednictvím různých etických teorií. Autor v něm nejprve charakterizuje profesní etiku advokátů jako soubor právních a morálních norem. Následně analyzuje samotný problém její justifikace. Pozornost je věnována nejprve různým deontologickým přístupům (např. Charles Fried, David Luban). Autor rozebírá jejich nedostatky a dospívá k závěru, že musí primárně zdůrazňovat význam morálního a racionálního aktérství, pokud mají být věrohodné. Vstřícně se pak staví k utilitaristickému ospravedlnění. Také to je podle něj v kombinaci s některými pragmatickými hledisky schopno profesní etiku advokátů věrohodně justifikovat. Obě skupiny přístupů lze tedy považovat za relevantní a není proto vhodné z debat o výše uvedené etice některý z nich vylučovat.