bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of species traits enhancing yield in wheat-faba bean intercropping: development and sensitivity analysis of a minimalist mixture model
Authors: Berghuijs H. N. C. , Wang Z. , Stomph T. J. , Weih M. , Van der Werf W. , Vico G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Aim
Cereal-legume intercropping can result in yield gains compared to monocrops. We aim to identify the combination of crop traits and management practices that confer a yield advantage in strip intercropping.

Methods
We developed a novel, parameter-sparse process-based crop growth model (Minimalist Mixture Model, M3) that can simulate strip intercrops under well-watered but nitrogen limited growth conditions. It was calibrated and validated for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) and spring faba bean (Vicia faba) grown as monocrops and intercrops, and used to identify the most suitable trait combinations in these intercrops via sensitivity analyses.

Results
The land equivalent ratio of intercrops was greater than one over a wide range of nitrogen fertilizer levels, but transgressive overyielding, with total yield in the intercrop greater than that of either sole crop, was only obtained at intermediate nitrogen applications. We ranked the local sensitivities of the individual yields of wheat and faba bean of the whole intercrop under various nitrogen input levels to various crop traits.

Conclusions
The total intercrop yield can be improved by selecting specific traits related to phenology of both species, as well as light use efficiency of faba bean and, under high nitrogen applications, of wheat. Changes in height-related crop traits affected individual yields of species in intercrops but not the total intercrop yield.
Representing crop rotations in life cycle assessment: a review of legume LCA studies
Authors: Costa Marcela Porto , Chadwick David , Saget Sophie , Rees Robert M. , Williams Michael , Styles David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is an imperative to accurately assess the environmental sustainability of crop system interventions in the context of food security and climate change. Previous studies have indicated that the incorporation of legumes into cereal rotations could reduce overall environmental burdens from cropping systems. However, most life cycle assessment (LCA) studies focus on individual crops and miss environmental consequences of inter-annual crop sequence and nutrient cycling effects. This review investigates state-of-the-art representation of inter-crop rotation effects within legume LCA studies.

Methods
A literature review was undertaken, starting with a search for all peer-reviewed articles with combinations of ‘LCA’, ‘legumes’ and ‘rotations’ or synonyms thereof. In total, 3180 articles were obtained. Articles were screened for compliance with all of the following requirements: (i) reporting results based on LCA or life cycle inventory methodology; (ii) inclusion of (a) legume(s); (iii) the legume(s) is/are analysed within the context of a wider cropping system (i.e. rotation or intercropping). Seventy articles satisfying these requirements were analysed.

Results and discussion
We identified three broad approaches to legume LCA. Most studies involved simple attributional LCA disregarding important interactions across years and crops in rotations. N-fertilizer reduction through legume residue N carryover is either disregarded or the benefit is attributed to the following crop in such studies, whilst N leaching burdens from residues are usually attributed to the legume crop. Some studies applied robust allocation approaches and/or complex functional units to enable analysis of entire rotation sequences, accounting for nutrient cycling and break crop effects. Finally, a few studies applied consequential LCA to identify downstream substitution effects, though these studies did not simultaneously account for agronomic effects of rotational sequence changes.

Conclusions
We recommend that LCA studies for legume cropping systems should (i) evaluate entire rotations; (ii) represent nitrogen and ideally carbon cycling; (iii) for attributional studies, define at least two functional units, where one should encompass the multifunctional outputs of an entire rotation and the other should enable product footprints to be calculated; (iv) for CLCA studies, account for both agronomic changes in rotations and markets effects; (v) include impact categories that reflect hotspots for agricultural production.
Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment
Authors: Liu Shan , Gao Jiguo , Zhu Mingqin , Liu Kangding , Zhang Hong-Liang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over the past decade. The broadening of the term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” from “gut-brain axis” underscores a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune pathways which are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Illustration of the mechanisms underlying the regulation by gut microbiota may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of AD. Novel insights into the modification of gut microbiota composition as a preventive or therapeutic approach for AD are highlighted.
Peer Support Groups for Weight Loss
Authors: Ufholz Kelsey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Social support, especially from peers, has been found to contribute to successful weight loss and long-term weight loss maintenance. Peer support groups may represent a particularly effective intervention technique for weight loss. This review focuses upon peer support weight loss interventions with the objective of identifying common elements of successful programs.

Recent Findings
Peer support interventions often consist of expert-led educational content, supplemented by peer-led activities or discussion. Peer groups may provide support to individuals who have little social support in their normal lives. Interventions are often designed for pre-existing groups, especially high-risk groups such as women from ethnic minorities. Men are underrepresented in weight loss programs and often perceive “dieting” as feminine. However, several peer programs for male sports fans have successfully resulted in weight loss and fostering support for healthy lifestyle among male peers. In addition to professionally created peer support groups, many online weight loss communities are created and moderated by peers. Online communities allow participants to share peer support similar to in-person formats.

Summary
Many peer support interventions show significant short-term weight loss. Group members frequently report that peer support was critical to their weight loss success. A sense of community among likeminded individuals with similar goals was frequently cited. Online peer support groups are becoming increasingly prevalent, may fulfill similar needs to in-person groups, and have additional advantages in accessibility, and access to a larger peer network, and may facilitate long-term adherence.
Self-assembly of highly ordered DNA origami lattices at solid-liquid interfaces by controlling cation binding and exchange
Authors: Xin Yang , Martinez Rivadeneira Salvador , Grundmeier Guido , Castro Mario , Keller Adrian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe surface-assisted hierarchical self-assembly of DNA origami lattices represents a versatile and straightforward method for the organization of functional nanoscale objects such as proteins and nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate that controlling the binding and exchange of different monovalent and divalent cation species at the DNA-mica interface enables the self-assembly of highly ordered DNA origami lattices on mica surfaces. The development of lattice quality and order is quantified by a detailed topological analysis of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) images. We find that lattice formation and quality strongly depend on the monovalent cation species. Na+ is more effective than Li+ and K+ in facilitating the assembly of high-quality DNA origami lattices, because it is replacing the divalent cations at their binding sites in the DNA backbone more efficiently. With regard to divalent cations, Ca2+ can be displaced more easily from the backbone phosphates than Mg2+ and is thus superior in guiding lattice assembly. By independently adjusting incubation time, DNA origami concentration, and cation species, we thus obtain a highly ordered DNA origami lattice with an unprecedented normalized correlation length of 8.2. Beyond the correlation length, we use computer vision algorithms to compute the time course of different topological observables that, overall, demonstrate that replacing MgCl2 by CaCl2 enables the synthesis of DNA origami lattices with drastically increased lattice order.
Winner takes all: reconstructing the decapitation of a warrior in Bronze Age China from osteological evidence
Authors: Zhou Yawei , Lin Shuang , Qin Rangping , Yeh Hui-Yuan , Zhang Qun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecapitation is an ancient practice in Asia with inadequate research. The present study reports on the osteological examination of a headless skeleton excavated from a high-status tomb in Chu State style dating back to the late Warring States Period (ca. 3th century BC) in Lu’an, Anhui, China. The individual is identified as a victim of decapitation with five peri-mortem sharp force cut marks on the posterior parts of the cervical vertebrae, and another one on the right second metacarpal. Microscopic observation of the kerfs, the historical records and archaeological evidence support the speculation that the individual could be a warrior of Chu State, who is decapitated after being wounded during the war against the Qin State. The hacking implement and the sequences of the cut marks are further discussed to reconstruct the process of execution. This multidisciplinary reconstruction is the first scientific osteological analysis of the decapitation on the human remains from the Chinese Bronze Age. Moreover, it will enrich our knowledge of the decapitation phenomenon in terms of war and execution in ancient China.
Exploring the Orthogonal Relationship between Controlled and Automated Processes in Skilled Action
Authors: Toner John , Moran Aidan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTraditional models of skill learning posit that skilled action unfolds in an automatic manner and that control will prove deleterious to movement and performance proficiency. These perspectives assume that automated processes are characterised by low levels of control and vice versa. By contrast, a number of authors have recently put forward hybrid theories of skilled action which have sought to capture the close integration between fine-grained automatic motor routines and intentional states. Drawing heavily on the work of Bebko et al. (2005) and Christensen et al. (2016), we argue that controlled and automated processes must operate in parallel if skilled performers are to address the wide range of challenges that they are faced with in training and competition. More specifically, we show how skilled performers use controlled processes to update and improve motor execution in training contexts and to stabilise performance under pressurised conditions.
The African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae): temporal dynamics and susceptibility to entomopathogenic fungi in East Africa
Authors: Aidoo Owusu Fordjour , Tanga C. M. , Mohamed S. A. , Khamis F. M. , Opisa S. , Rasowo B. A. , Kimemia J. W. , Ambajo J. , Sétamou M. , Ekesi S. , Borgemeister C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is the most destructive citrus pest. Presently, biological data on T. erytreae are insufficient for important parameters like distribution, seasonal dynamics and entomopathogens. Therefore, we determined the temporal dynamics of T. erytreae along three different altitudinal gradients in Kenya. In low altitudes, females of T. erytreae reactivated and started laying eggs between late February and early March. The mean monthly number of immature stages of T. erytreae per flush shoot peaked in February, whereas adults peaked in March. For mid-altitudes, T. erytreae mean populations peaked in February, but adults were already present in December. In high altitudes, adults appeared in June, and females began laying eggs. Trioza erytreae population densities in shaded trees positively and significantly correlated with unshaded trees. There was a significant difference between adult density and maximum temperature, average temperature, solar radiation, evaporation and dew point. Furthermore, this study evaluated the effects of 11 Metarhizium anisopliae and 4 Beauveria bassiana fungal isolates against adult T. erytreae under laboratory conditions. Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 69 were the most potent isolates, causing 97.5% and 82.5% mortalities within the shortest LT50 time of 4.4 and 5.9 days, respectively. The presence of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) on Zanthozylum capense requires further investigation. Our findings provide relevant information for early detection, monitoring and developing biopesticides against the pest.
Developmental trajectories of the socioeconomic status of occupational aspirations during adolescence
Authors: Miyamoto Ai , Wicht Alexandra 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionProminent theories of career development suggest age‐related changes in adolescents' occupational aspirations. However, little is known about how exactly and to what extent, adolescents' aspirations change, particularly regarding the socioeconomic status (SES) of aspired occupations. We aim at extending our knowledge of the developmental trajectories of the SES of occupational aspirations and potential gender differences in those trajectories.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) consisting of a large and representative sample of secondary school students (N = 5,964, 50% females) from Grades 8 to 10 (age 14–16). Data were collected via a paper and pencil survey which was carried out in classrooms.ResultsOur analysis of a latent growth curve model revealed that adolescents experienced small increases in the SES of occupational aspirations from Grades 8 to 10. Multi‐group models reveal that females initially aspired to higher‐SES occupations and their aspirations exhibited larger growth over time compared to males.ConclusionsOur findings are in line with those from other countries but not with all, indicating some cross‐cultural variabilities. Within cultures, the developmental trajectories of the SES of occupational aspirations seem to be similar across age‐cohorts in the last 30 years. Despite women aspire to higher‐SES occupations during adolescence, they often obtain lower‐SES occupations than men in adulthood. Future research is needed to better understand the link between gender differences in the SES of occupational aspirations in adolescence and gender differences in the SES of occupational attainment in adulthood.
Non‐suicidal self‐injury in adolescence: Longitudinal evidence of recursive associations with adolescent depression and parental rejection
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Chen Yuanyuan , Su Binyuan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionNon‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) has been acknowledged as a major public health concern among adolescents. However, the complex association between parental rejection and NSSI is not entirely understood and the existing literature does not address the underlying mechanism of adolescent depressive symptoms in explaining the process.MethodsThree waves of data (called T1, T2 and T3) were collected 6 months apart, between November 2018 and 2019, in a sample of 1987 Chinese adolescents (56.1% males; ages 10 to 14, M = 12.32, SD = 0.53). Two separate autoregressive cross‐lagged models were used to examine the bidirectional association between parental rejection and NSSI as well as the role of depressive symptoms in bidirectional mediation.ResultsThere was strong evidence of bidirectional effects between parental rejection and NSSI at both 6‐month intervals. Parental rejection at T1/T2 positively predicted NSSI at T2/T3, and, vice versa, NSSI at T1/T2 positively predicted parental rejection at T2/T3. Furthermore, we found that the reciprocal association between parent rejection and NSSI was mediated by adolescent depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe present study found reciprocal associations between parental rejection and NSSI, and further demonstrated that the bidirectional process was mediated by depressive symptoms. The findings from this study are of great interest as they help to inform the development of future prevention and intervention strategies for NSSI.
Active (Evolving) Phase of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Observed Over Tirunelveli
Authors: Kakad B. , Gurram P. , Bhattacharyya A. , Prasad D. S. V. V. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUsual post‐sunset generation of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities on quiet days (Q‐days) and midnight or post‐midnight generation of ESF on magnetically disturbed days (D‐days) is widely known. However, the duration of evolving or active phase of these freshly generated ESF (FESF) irregularities is not clearly understood. Here, the active phase duration refers to the time period during which the perturbation electric field associated with equatorial plasma bubbles drifting over Tirunelveli is alive. Recently, Gurram et al. (2018) quantified the active phase duration of FESF for both Q‐days and D‐days. It was the first exercise to obtain the average active phase duration of FESF from observations. In view of this, we carried out detailed analysis to examine their dependence on solar flux and geomagnetic activity using long‐term amplitude scintillation observations on 251‐MHz signal. It is found that percentage of days with longer active phase (td≥ 50 min) is higher on D‐days, and it is consistent for all levels of solar flux. Average duration of the active phase of FESF, ⟨td⟩, is 57.9 ± 52.3 min on D‐days and 33.8 ± 23.4 min on Q‐days. The active phase of FESF has tendency to sustain for longer time during low solar flux, which is attributed to presence of weaker ambient ionospheric electric field during that period. It is noted that FESF generated on days with stronger geomagnetic activity tend to have longer active phase. Also, days with FESF cause more moderate–strong scintillations as compared to days with drifted‐in ESF.
Reservoir Construction Has Reduced Organic Carbon Deposition in the East China Sea by Half Since 2006
Authors: Wang Chenglong , Hao Zhe , Gao Jianhua , Feng Ziyue , Ding Yongcheng , Zhang Chuchu , Zou Xinqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRiver‐dominated marginal seas are important carbon sinks on Earth. However, their carbon sequestration capacities are changing due to increased anthropogenic perturbations. Herein, we employ substantial datasets to study the characteristics of organic carbon (OC) from the East China Sea (ECS) in 2006 and 2018 and reveal the impacts of reservoir construction on the OC deposition in this region. We show that the distribution of sedimentary OC in the ECS is primarily controlled by riverine input and seabed erosion processes. Hydrodynamic processes influence the OC deposition due to both the scouring of fine‐grained sediments and selective degradation of OC associated with the sediment mobilization. The deposition flux of OC in the ECS decreased by 48% after reservoir construction. These findings demonstrate that reservoir construction seriously affected the OC deposition in the ECS and may be applicable to river‐dominated continental shelves worldwide.
Cascading Toward a Kilometer‐Scale GCM: Impacts of a Scale‐Aware Convection Parameterization in the Goddard Earth Observing System GCM
Authors: Freitas Saulo R. , Putman William M. , Arnold Nathan P. , Adams David K. , Grell Georg A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Earth Observing System global circulation model (GCM) is evaluated through a cascade of simulations with increasing horizontal resolution. This model employs a nonhydrostatic dynamical core and includes a scale‐aware, deep convection parameterization (DPCP). The 40‐day simulations at six resolutions (100 km to 3 km) with unvarying model formulation were produced. At the highest resolution, extreme experiments were carried out: one with no DPCP and one with its scale awareness eliminated. Simulated precipitation, radiative balance, and atmospheric thermodynamic and dynamical variables are well reproduced with respect to both observational and reanalysis data. As model resolution increases, the convective precipitation smoothly transitions from being mostly produced by the convection parameterization to the cloud microphysics parameterization. However, contrary to current thought, these extreme cases argue for maintaining, to some extent, the scale‐aware DPCP even at 3‐km scale, as the run relying solely on explicit grid‐scale production of rainfall performs more poorly at this resolution.
Distribution of Interseismic Coupling Along the North and East Anatolian Faults Inferred From InSAR and GPS Data
Authors: Bletery Quentin , Cavalié Olivier , Nocquet Jean‐Mathieu , Ragon Théa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe North Anatolian Fault (NAF) has produced numerous major earthquakes. After decades of quiescence, the Mw 6.8 Elazığ earthquake (24 January 2020) has recently reminded us that the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) is also capable of producing significant earthquakes. To better estimate the seismic hazard associated with these two faults, we jointly invert interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and GPS data to image the spatial distribution of interseismic coupling along the eastern part of both the NAF and EAF. We perform the inversion in a Bayesian framework, enabling to estimate uncertainties on both long‐term relative plate motion and coupling. We find that coupling is high and deep (0–20 km) on the NAF and heterogeneous and superficial (0–5 km) on the EAF. Our model predicts that the Elazığ earthquake released between 200 and 250 years of accumulated moment, suggesting a bicentennial recurrence time.
Constraining Projections Using Decadal Predictions
Authors: Befort Daniel J. , O'Reilly Christopher H. , Weisheimer Antje 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is increasing demand for robust, reliable, and actionable climate information for the next 1 to 50 years. This is challenging for the scientific community as the longest initialized predictions are limited to 10 years (decadal predictions). Thus, to provide seamless information for the upcoming 50 years, information from decadal predictions and uninitialized projections need to be merged. In this study, the ability to obtain valuable climate information beyond decadal time scales by constraining uninitialized projections using decadal predictions is assessed. The application of this framework to surface temperatures over the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre region, shows that the constrained uninitialized subensemble has higher skill compared to the overall projection ensemble also beyond 10 years when information from decadal predictions is no longer available. Though showing the potential of such a constraining approach to obtain climate information for the near‐term future, its utility depends on the added value of initialization.