bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical compositions and bioefficacy against Spodoptera litura of essential oil and ethyl acetate fraction from Myoporum bontioides leaves
Authors: Minh Tran Thi , Ngoan Tran Thi , Thuong Nguyen Thi Minh , Toan Ho Khanh , Truong Nguyen Xuan , Huong Tran Thu , Ly Giang Thi Phuong , Ai Doan Thi Thuy , Khanh Nguyen Duc 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEssential oil of fresh leaves from Myoporum bontioides A. Gray was analyzed by GC–MS. A total of nine components were identified in this volatile oil with epingaione (81.52 %) as a main constituent. Three flavonoids named isorhamnetin (1), 3,4’‐dimethoxy‐3’,5,7‐trihydroxyflavone (2) and luteolin (3) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Myoporum bontioides A. Gray leaves. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and by comparison with their spectral data reported in literature. The essential oil and ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of this species expressed the toxicity to Spodoptera litura. In the antifeedant bioassay more than 50 % insects were killed after 48 h at 1.6 % and 4.0 % concentrations of the essential oil and ethyl acetate fraction, respectively.
13(18)‐Ene ursan glycosides from Allium ascalonicum
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi , Lan Hoang Thi Tuyet , Trang Do Thi , Dung Duong Thi , Tai Bui Huu , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan , Van Kiem Phan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAllium ascalonicum L. is belong to Alliaceae family, which is common vegetables and used to treat typhoid, colds, headaches, bloating and poisoning, eyes blurred deaf ears, burnt blood, pregnant women, breast swelling, children wicked and swollen in folk medicine. Using combined chromatographic methods, four 13,18‐en ursan compounds were isolated from methanol extract of the roots of Allium ascalonicum. Their chemical structures were elucidate as 3β,12α,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐en‐28,20β‐lactone (1), 3β,12α,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐ene‐28,20β‐lactone‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (2), 3β,12α,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐ene‐28,20β‐lactone‐3‐O‐[3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl]‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (3), 3β,12β,19α‐trihydroxyurs‐13(18)‐ene‐28,20β‐lactone‐3‐O‐(3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside (4) on the basis of spectroscopic evidences and in comparison with those reported in the literature. All these compounds were isolated from Allium genus for the first time.
Design and synthesis of new azetidine‐steroid derivative with inotropic activity in a heart failure model
Authors: Lauro Figueroa‐Valverde , Maria Lopez‐Ramos , Francisco Diaz‐Cedillo , Marcela Rosas‐Nexticapa , Virginia Mateu‐Armand , Alejandra Garcimarero‐Espino E. , Hau‐Heredia‐Lenin  , Yazmin Ortiz‐Ake 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral steroid derivatives have prepared as inotropic drugs; however, there are few reports on azetidine‐steroid derivatives with inotropic activity. The aim of this study was to synthesize four azetidine‐steroid derivatives (compounds 3 to 6) to evaluate their biological activity on left ventricular pressure. The first stage was achieved by preparation of azetidine‐derivatives using reactions of etherification and addition. The second stage involves the evaluation of biological activity from azetidine derivatives on left ventricular pressure in a heart failure model using estrone as control. The results showed that only compound 3 increases left ventricular pressure compared with estrone, compounds 2 and 4 to 6. In conclusion, the positive inotropic effect exerted by compound 3 depends on the functional groups involved in their chemical structure.
Warped Schwarzian theory
Authors: Afshar Hamid R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe consider the (twisted) warped Virasoro group Diff(S1)⋉C∞(S1) in the presence of its three cocycles. We compute the Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau symplectic 2-form on coadjoint orbits. We then construct the Euclidean action of the ‘warped Schwarzian theory’ associated to the orbit with SL(2,ℝ)×U(1) stabilizer as the effective theory of the reparametrization over the base circle and evaluate the corresponding one-loop-exact path integral. We further discuss thermodynamics of the wSch theory in comparison with the complex SYK model.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis hunts chameleon dark matter
Authors: Chen Hua , Katsuragawa Taishi , Matsuzaki Shinya , Qiu Taotao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We study the chameleon field dark matter, dubbed scalaron, in F (R) gravity in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch. With an R2-correction term required to solve the singularity problem for F (R) gravity, we first find that the scalaron dynamics is governed by the R2 term and the chameleon mechanism in the early universe, which makes the scalaron physics model-independent regarding the low-energy scale modification. In viable F (R) dark energy models including the R2 correction, our analysis suggests the scalaron universally evolves in a way with a bouncing oscillation irrespective of the low-energy modification for the late-time cosmic acceleration. Consequently, we find a universal bound on the scalaron mass in the BBN epoch, to be reflected on the constraint for the coupling strength of the R2 term, which turns out to be more stringent than the one coming from the fifth force experiments. It is then shown that the scalaron naturally develops a small enough fluctuation in the BBN epoch, hence can avoid the current BBN constraint placed by the latest Planck 2018 data, and can also have a large enough sensitivity to be hunted by the BBN, with more accurate measurements for light element abundances as well as the baryon number density fraction.
CityGML 3.0: New Functions Open Up New Applications
Authors: Kutzner Tatjana , Chaturvedi Kanishk , Kolbe Thomas H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe development of the next major version 3.0 of the international OGC standard CityGML is nearing its end. CityGML 3.0 will come up with a variety of new features and revisions of existing modules that will increase the usability of CityGML for more user groups and areas of application. This includes a new space concept, a revised level-of-detail (LOD) concept, the representation of time-dependent properties, the possibility to manage multiple versions of cities, the representation of city objects by point clouds, an improved modelling of constructions, the representation of building units and storeys, an improved representation of traffic infrastructure as well as a clear separation of the conceptual model and the data encodings that allow for providing further encoding specifications besides GML. This paper gives an overview of these new and revised concepts, and illustrates their application through selected use cases.
Primaries Through the Looking Glass: The Electoral Effects of Opening the Selection of Top Candidates
Authors: Astudillo Javier , Lago Ignacio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article revisits the foundations of prior research on the effects of plebiscitarian selection mechanisms on candidates' electoral strength. While previous studies do not nest political parties' decision making, the authors argue that party primary effects entail the interdependence of party procedures for candidate selection. The article assesses the validity of the two approaches. Using original data from seven parties and 296 regional elections in Canada, Germany and Spain, and from sixty-two pre-election polls in Germany and Spain, it shows that, other things equal, primary-selected candidates are not stronger than those selected by other procedures. However, there is evidence of a penalty for parties that do not select candidates by primary when their main rival does, in particular when the primary election is not divisive and is held closer to the general election.
Reduced infectivity inHimasthla elongata(Trematoda, Himasthlidae) cercariae with deviant photoreaction
Authors: Solovyeva Anna , Nikolaev Kirill , Lebedev Egor , Potolytsina Edokiia , Galaktionov Nickolay , Levakin Ivan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDigenean larvae of hermaphroditic generation – cercariae – are known to be polymorphic at genetic and behavioural levels. Cercariae arise as a result of parthenogenetic reproduction of intramolluscan stages, and represent a clone if a snail was infected with a single miracidium. Here we investigated cercarial clones ofHimasthla elongata– namely, the infectivity of cercariae with normal (negative) and deviant (positive) photoreaction. In our study, mostH. elongataclones showed intraclonal variance in their response to light. The proportion of photopositive cercariae ranged between 0.2% and 60% in differentH. elongataclones. Photopositive larvae demonstrated significantly reduced rates of encystment inMytilus edulishaemolymphin vitroand in young mussels. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind intraclonal variations, such as non-specific genomic rearrangements.
Our Gilded Age
Authors: Currarino Rosanne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay looks at Richard White's 2017 survey of the Gilded Age, The Republic for Which It Stands, in relation to other recent histories of the period. The Republic is filled with seemingly endless examples of corruption, personal venality, individual stupidity, ideological rigidity, and even good intentions gone awry. A vast and broad cast of Americans—some well-known, some more obscure—dash across the pages. But in White's republic, the changes are in the details rather than the narrative arc. Consequently, and in marked contrast to the other Gilded Age histories considered here, White's Gilded Age is neither optimistic nor tragic. Instead, it is fatalistic, a Gilded Age for our time.
SSHA Presidential Address: The Pathways to Disadvantage
Authors: Wherry Frederick F. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTMy presidential address identifies the pathways to disadvantage that complicate our understanding of purposive action. The article explains that (1) first, deception can deepen inequality; (2) disadvantages can emerge in midcourse, as new and unanticipated distributions of resources, sanctions, and opportunities unfold during the course of action; (3) the rules targeting one area of social life can disadvantage groups of people in other areas; and (4) disadvantaging policies can emerge through isomorphism (isomorphic disadvantage), sometimes by virtue of what other policy commissions across the globe are doing about the same social problem. Finally, (5) when there is an unlucky turn of events that leads to a deepening of disadvantage, its consequences depend on more than mere chance to make those disadvantages durable. My article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications for reparations and repair. While these pathways may not be exhaustive, they systematize the sociological intuition that things are not as they appear. And although my discussion of repair is brief, it gestures toward the possibilities that the past offers for understanding the process and the rules of remedy.
Chemical profile changes during pile fermentation of Qingzhuan tea affect inhibition of α-amylase and lipase
Authors: Feng Lin , Liu Panpan , Zheng Pengcheng , Zhang Liang , Zhou Jie , Gong Ziming , Yu Yongchao , Gao Shiwei , Zheng Lin , Wang Xueping , Wan Xiaochun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractQingzhuan tea (QZT), a post-fermented tea, has been reported to have anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects, perhaps due to bioactive compounds that inhibit lipase and α-amylase. It is unknown what chemical constituents’ changes and what bioactive compounds occur during the manufacture of QZT. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolites changes that occur during post-fermentation and how these changes affect the ability of QZT to inhibit the activities of lipase and α-amylase. During the processing steps, metabolites levels and their inhibitory effects on lipase and α-amylase were assessed. Changes in content and activities suggested that the first turn over or the second turn over was critical for the formation and conversion of bioactive compounds responsible for the anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects. The relationship between constituents and activities was further evaluated by correlation analysis, which showed that amino acids and flavonoids might be responsible for the anti-obesity and anti-hyperglycemic effects of QZT. This study clarified that compounds were altered during pile fermentation of QZT and tentatively identified the bioactive compounds formed during QZT manufacture.
Occurrence of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and other powerful mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in living organisms: polychaetes
Authors: Sola Maria Claudia R. , Santos Aldenor G. , Martinez Sabrina T. , Nascimento Madson M. , da Rocha Gisele O. , de Andrade Jailson B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work we report the occurrence of powerful mutagenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), in addition to 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 oxygenated PAHs and 27 nitrated PAHs in polychaete worms. Benzanthrone (BA), another important mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) also was detected in the samples. Polychaete annelids have great ecological relevance, being widely distributed in different environmental conditions, from intertidal zones up to seven thousand feet deep areas. They are abundantly found in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas and, therefore, used as indicators of the pollution status of a given area. As we know, so far, most of these PACs has not been previously reported in living organisms before. The 3-NBA concentrations determined in this study were within 0.11–5.18 µg g−1. Other relevant PACs such as PAHs, quinones and nitro-PAHs were found in maximum concentrations at 0.013 µg g−1 (coronene) to 11.1 µg g−1 (benzo[k]fluoranthene), 0.823 µg g−1 (9,10-phenenthrenequinone) to 12.1 µg g−1 (1,4-benzoquinone) and 0.434 (1-nitronaphthalene) µg g−1 to 19.2 µg g−1 (6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA), ternary correlations and diagnostic ratios were employed in order to propose probable sources for PACs. Although statistical analysis preliminarily has indicated both pyrogenic and petrogenic contributions, petrogenic sources were predominant reflecting the impacts of petroleum exploration and intensive traffic of boats in the study area.
Precise MEP monitoring with a reduced interval is safe and useful for detecting permissive duration for temporary clipping
Authors: Kameda Masahiro , Hishikawa Tomohito , Hiramatsu Masafumi , Yasuhara Takao , Kurozumi Kazuhiko , Date Isao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough temporary clipping of the parent artery is an indispensable technique in clipping surgery for intracranial aneurysms, the permissive duration of temporary clipping is still not well known. The aim of this study is to confirm the safety of precise motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring and to estimate the permissive duration of temporary clipping for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm based on precise MEP monitoring results. Under precise MEP monitoring via direct cortical stimulation every 30 seconds to 1 minute, surgeons released a temporary clip and waited for MEP amplitude to recover following severe (>50%) reduction of MEP amplitude during temporary clipping. Precise MEP monitoring was safely performed. Twenty-eight instances of temporary clipping were performed in 42 MCA aneurysm clipping surgeries. Because precise MEP monitoring could be used to determine when to release a temporary clip even with a severe reduction in MEP amplitude due to lengthy temporary clipping, no patients experienced permanent postoperative hemiparesis. Based on logistic regression analysis, if a temporary clip is applied for 312 seconds or more, there is a higher probability of a severe reduction in MEP amplitude. We should therefore release temporary clips after 5 minutes in order to avoid permanent postoperative hemiparesis.
The associations among quantitative spectral CT parameters, Ki-67 expression levels and EGFR mutation status in NSCLC
Authors: Lin Liaoyi , Cheng Jiejun , Tang Daoqiang , Zhang Ying , Zhang Feng , Xu Jianrong , Jiang Handong , Wu Huawei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT) is based on fast switching between high and low voltages from view to view to obtain dual-energy imaging data, and it can generate monochromatic image sets, iodine-based material decomposition images and spectral CT curves. Quantitative spectral CT parameters may be valuable for reflecting Ki-67 expression and EGFR mutation status in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the associations among the quantitative parameters generated in DESCT and Ki-67 expression and EGFR mutation in NSCLC. We studied sixty-five NSCLC patients with preoperative DESCT scans, and their specimens underwent Ki-67 and EGFR evaluations. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the spectral CT parameters for the diagnosis of Ki-67 expression and EGFR mutation status. We found that tumour grade and the slope of the spectral CT curve in the venous phase were the independent factors influencing the Ki-67 expression level, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the slope of the spectral CT curve in the venous phase in the receiver operating characteristic analysis for distinguishing different Ki-67 expression levels was 0.901. Smoking status and the normalized iodine concentration in the venous phase were independent factors influencing EGFR mutation, and the AUC of the two-factor combination for predicting the presence of EGFR mutation was 0.807. These results show that spectral CT parameters may be useful for predicting Ki-67 expression and the presence of EGFR mutation in NSCLC.
Electronic transport properties of a lithium-decorated ZrTe5 thin film
Authors: Yu Wenlong , Elias Jamie A. , Chen Kuan-Wen , Baumbach Ryan , Nenoff Tina M. , Modine Normand A. , Pan Wei , Henriksen Erik A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThrough a combination of single crystal growth, experiments involving in situ deposition of surface adatoms, and complimentary modeling, we examine the electronic transport properties of lithium-decorated ZrTe5 thin films. We observe that the surface states in ZrTe5 are robust against Li adsorption. Both the surface electron density and the associated Berry phase are remarkably robust to adsorption of Li atoms. Fitting to the Hall conductivity data reveals that there exist two types of bulk carriers: those for which the carrier density is insensitive to Li adsorption, and those whose density decreases during initial Li depositions and then saturates with further Li adsorption. We propose this dependence is due to the gating effect of a Li-adsorption-generated dipole layer at the ZrTe5 surface.
Impact of a deep learning assistant on the histopathologic classification of liver cancer
Authors: Kiani Amirhossein , Uyumazturk Bora , Rajpurkar Pranav , Wang Alex , Gao Rebecca , Jones Erik , Yu Yifan , Langlotz Curtis P. , Ball Robyn L. , Montine Thomas J. , Martin Brock A. , Berry Gerald J. , Ozawa Michael G. , Hazard Florette K. , Brown Ryanne A. , Chen Simon B. , Wood Mona , Allard Libby S. , Ylagan Lourdes , Ng Andrew Y. , Shen Jeanne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) algorithms continue to rival human performance on a variety of clinical tasks, while their actual impact on human diagnosticians, when incorporated into clinical workflows, remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we developed a deep learning-based assistant to help pathologists differentiate between two subtypes of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma, on hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images (WSI), and evaluated its effect on the diagnostic performance of 11 pathologists with varying levels of expertise. Our model achieved accuracies of 0.885 on a validation set of 26 WSI, and 0.842 on an independent test set of 80 WSI. Although use of the assistant did not change the mean accuracy of the 11 pathologists (p = 0.184, OR = 1.281), it significantly improved the accuracy (p = 0.045, OR = 1.499) of a subset of nine pathologists who fell within well-defined experience levels (GI subspecialists, non-GI subspecialists, and trainees). In the assisted state, model accuracy significantly impacted the diagnostic decisions of all 11 pathologists. As expected, when the model’s prediction was correct, assistance significantly improved accuracy (p = 0.000, OR = 4.289), whereas when the model’s prediction was incorrect, assistance significantly decreased accuracy (p = 0.000, OR = 0.253), with both effects holding across all pathologist experience levels and case difficulty levels. Our results highlight the challenges of translating AI models into the clinical setting, and emphasize the importance of taking into account potential unintended negative consequences of model assistance when designing and testing medical AI-assistance tools.
Cancer discrimination by on-cell N-glycan ligation
Authors: Nomura Shogo , Egawa Yasuko , Urano Sayaka , Tahara Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the field of molecular imaging, selectivity for target cells is a key determinant of the degree of imaging contrast. Previously, we developed a pre-targeted method by which target cells could be selectively imaged using a labeled N-glycan that was ligated in situ with an integrin-targeted cyclic RGD peptide on the cell surface. Here we demonstrate the power of our method in discriminating various cancerous and non-cancerous cells that cannot be distinguished using conventional RGD ligands. Using four cyclic RGDyK peptides with various linker lengths with five N-glycans, we identify optimal combinations to discriminate six types of αvβ3 integrin–expressing cells on 96-well plates. The optimal combinations of RGD and N-glycan ligands for the target cells are fingerprinted on the plates, and then used to selectively image tumors in xenografted mouse models. Using this method, various N-glycan molecules, even those with millimolar affinities for their cognate lectins, could be used for selective cancer cell differentiation.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Beschäftigungsstatus und der Qualität der Ernährung anhand von Lebensmitteleinkäufen: Eine Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Wegeleben David , Westphal Christina , Schober Hans-Christof 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status (SES) und der Qualität von Lebensmitteleinkäufen.
Methode In neun Supermärkten der Hansestadt Rostock wurden im Jahr 2015 über zwei Monate hinweg Lebensmitteleinkäufe und SES-relevante Daten von 400 Probanden erhoben. Maßstab zur Einschätzung der Qualität der Einkäufe war die mittlere Energiedichte des Einkaufs. Anhaltspunkt für den SES war der aktuelle Beschäftigungsstatus. Mittels Kovarianzanalysen wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Beschäftigungsstatus und der mittleren Energiedichte des Einkaufs untersucht.
Ergebnisse Probanden mit komplexen beruflichen Tätigkeiten kauften weniger energiedichte Lebensmittel als Teilnehmer mit einfachen Tätigkeiten sowie Schüler und Studenten. Bei Rentnern lag die mittlere Energiedichte des Einkaufs signifikant unter der von Probanden mit einfachen Tätigkeiten.
Schlussfolgerung Viele bereits existierende Studien nutzen sehr ähnliche Indikatoren und Methoden, um den Zusammenhang zwischen der Ernährungsqualität und dem sozioökonomischen Status zu untersuchen. Die vorliegende Studie kommt mittels einer bisher wenig beachteten Methode zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen.