bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Superoxide-Hydrogen Peroxide Production at Site IQ of Mitochondrial Complex I Attenuates Myocardial Stunning and Improves Postcardiac Arrest Outcomes
Authors: Piao Lin , Fang Yong-Hu , Hamanaka Robert B. , Mutlu Gökhan M. , Dezfulian Cameron , Archer Stephen L. , Sharp Willard W. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Cardiogenic shock following cardiopulmonary resuscitation for sudden cardiac arrest is common, occurring even in the absence of acute coronary artery occlusion, and contributes to high rates of postcardiopulmonary resuscitation mortality. The pathophysiology of this shock is unclear, and effective therapies for improving clinical outcomes are lacking.

Design:
Laboratory investigation.

Setting:
University laboratory.

Subjects:
C57BL/6 adult female mice.

Interventions:
Anesthetized and ventilated adult female C57BL/6 wild-type mice underwent a 4, 8, 12, or 16-minute potassium chloride-induced cardiac arrest followed by 90 seconds of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Mice were then blindly randomized to a single IV injection of vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) or suppressor of site IQ electron leak, an inhibitor of superoxide production by complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Suppressor of site IQ electron leak and vehicle were administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Measurements and Main Results:
Using a murine model of asystolic cardiac arrest, we discovered that duration of cardiac arrest prior to cardiopulmonary resuscitation determined postresuscitation success rates, degree of neurologic injury, and severity of myocardial dysfunction. Post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation cardiac dysfunction was not associated with myocardial necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, or mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Furthermore, left ventricular function recovered within 72 hours of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, indicative of myocardial stunning. Postcardiopulmonary resuscitation, the myocardium exhibited increased reactive oxygen species and evidence of mitochondrial injury, specifically reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species generation at electron transport chain complex I. Suppressor of site IQ electron leak, which inhibits complex I-dependent reactive oxygen species generation by suppression of site IQ electron leak, decreased myocardial reactive oxygen species generation and improved postcardiopulmonary resuscitation myocardial function, neurologic outcomes, and survival.

Conclusions:
The severity of cardiogenic shock following asystolic cardiac arrest is dependent on the length of cardiac arrest prior to cardiopulmonary resuscitation and is mediated by myocardial stunning resulting from mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I dysfunction. A novel pharmacologic agent targeting this mechanism, suppressor of site IQ electron leak, represents a potential, practical therapy for improving sudden cardiac arrest resuscitation outcomes.
Fibroblastic Rheumatism Versus Variant Disease of Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
Authors: Cai Sophie Carrie Shan , Tee Shang Ian , Lee Joyce Siong See , Tan Lucinda Siyun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
We report an unusual case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with persistent papulonodules over bilateral fingers and inframammary region in conjunction with features of connective tissue disease including symmetrical polyarthritis and Raynaud phenomenon. Skin biopsy showed an upper-to-mid dermal proliferation of bland spindled cells with thickened collagen bundles and occasional multinucleated giant cells. Dermal blood vessels were only marginally increased. On immunohistochemistry, both the spindled cells and multinucleated giant cells stained negatively for smooth muscle actin. Some of the spindled cells stained positively with CD68 and CD163, whereas the multinucleated giant cells stained negatively for both stains. Elastic fibers were absent on elastic Van Gieson. The clinical and histopathologic features raise a diagnostic dilemma between fibroblastic rheumatism and multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma. The patient responded well to cyclosporine and methotrexate therapy, with gradual improvement of the finger nodules.
A Skin Plaque Preceding Systemic Relapse of Gamma-Delta Hepatosplenic T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Santonja Carlos , Carrasco Loreto , Pérez-Sáenz María de los Ángeles , Rodríguez-Pinilla Socorro-María 
Published: November 2019

Abstract:
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is an uncommon, aggressive peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a dismal prognosis, usually expressing gamma-delta T-cell receptor on immunohistochemical study. We report the second instance in the literature of a solitary skin nodule heralding recurrence of HSTL. The patient was a 40-year-old man in apparent remission from HSTL, 4 years after chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplant. Biopsy of a flank lesion showed atypical lymphoid cells involving the dermis with a perivascular and periadnexal pattern, and fat lobules of the subcutaneous tissue. Their phenotype mirrored that of previous biopsies, with expression of CD2, CD3, CD7, CD56, and T-cell receptor-gamma, and lack of T-cell receptor-beta, CD4, CD5, and CD8. Cutaneous involvement by HSTL has rarely been reported either at initial diagnosis or at recurrence, and represents a diagnostic pitfall for primary cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma.
Exogenous Ochronosis as an Elastotic Disease: A Light-Microscopic Approach
Authors: Ho Jonathan D. , Vashi Neelam , Goldberg Lynne J. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Exogenous ochronosis (EO) is a deposition disease associated with application of hydroquinone-containing preparations. Characteristic ochronotic bodies (OBs) arise from endogenous connective tissues, most often reported as collagen. We highlight a significant role for elastic fibers as a precursor tissue.

Objective:
To evaluate elastic tissue pathology in EO, specifically as it relates a precursor role in ochronotic body formation.

Methods:
In this retrospective observational study, a literature review using PubMed/MEDLINE database was conducted to ascertain the most commonly ascribed precursor connective tissue. Eleven histopathologic cases of EO were identified. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were recorded. Slides were reviewed for the presence and grade of solar elastosis (SE), the relationship of OBs to elastotic material, the presence of elastotic fibers transitioning to OBs, and positivity of bodies with Verhoeff–van Gieson elastic tissue stain.

Results:
Elastic fibers are uncommonly reported as the major precursor tissue of OBs. SE was uniformly present in our cases, and the majority demonstrated heavy/high-grade elastosis. Elastotic fibers transitioning to OBs were observed in all cases, and the bodies demonstrated Verhoeff–van Gieson positivity.

Limitations:
Small sample size.

Conclusions:
Ochronotic body formation is associated with SE, and bodies appear to arise from damaged elastic fibers.
Impact of Preoperative Acetaminophen and Carbohydrate Loading on Pain and Functional Status in Patients Undergoing Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Authors: Aleisa Abdullah , Naccarato Laura , Gramz Morgan , Patel Jalak , Nguyen Bichchau 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND
Preoperative acetaminophen and carbohydrate loading has been shown to improve the functional recovery of surgical patients.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of preoperative acetaminophen and carbohydrates on functional outcomes and the use of pain medications after surgery in patients undergoing Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred patients treated with MMS for NMSC at an academic center were randomized into a control group receiving standard preoperative care or an intervention group receiving acetaminophen and carbohydrate drinks immediately before surgery. Patients rated levels of pain, thirst, hunger, anxiety, and fatigue on the day of surgery on a scale of 0 to 100, and reported through a phone interview the use of pain medications within 48 hours of surgery.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference between intervention and control groups in maximum pain score on the day of surgery; maximum pain score 48 hours after surgery; use of nonopioid pain medications; and use of opioids. However, the intervention group had lower anxiety levels during and at the end of surgery.

CONCLUSION
Patients undergoing MMS for NMSC reported very low levels of pain during and after surgery. Preoperative acetaminophen and carbohydrate loading had no impact on pain levels or the use of pain medications but did reduce levels of anxiety.
Reoperation of Lower Extremity Microsurgical Reconstruction When Facing Postsplenectomy Thrombocytosis
Authors: Song Ping , Patel Nirav , Pu Lee L.Q. 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
Patients who sustain high-energy polytrauma are a unique population in that their mechanism of injury may induce multiorgan damage requiring immediate interventions such as splenectomy and bony fixation for mangled extremities. This results in the intersection of certain conditions, such as postsplenectomy thrombocytosis with the need for soft tissue reconstruction, often with free tissue transfer, for limb salvage after severe trauma to the lower extremity. However, there are no treatment guidelines in the management of postsplenectomy thrombocytosis in the setting of a lower extremity free flap reconstruction. We present a patient who had initial free tissue transfer to the lower extremity complicated by delayed microvascular thrombosis at postoperative day 4, during which time his platelet count exceeded more than 1,000,000/mm3. However, a successful second lower extremity free tissue transfer was achieved after platelet-reductive treatment with platelet apheresis during the perioperative period. Our patient went on to heal from his second free flap without further complications. Thus, thrombocytosis in the setting of free tissue transfer requires perioperative intervention to correct this hematologic condition. An innovative utilization of platelet apheresis may ensure the success of free tissue transfer by addressing the thrombocytosis in microsurgical patients after splenectomy.
TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF PATIENTS WITH EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR INJECTIONS
Authors: Starr Matthew R. , Kung Felix F. , Mejia Camilo A. , Bui Yvonne T. , Bakri Sophie J. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To identify the visual acuity outcomes of patients with age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections over a 10-year period.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, cohort study of eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration that received ≥2 intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections and had at least 10 years of follow-up after the initiation of treatment. Snellen visual acuity was recorded at baseline and then annually until the last year of follow-up. Optical coherence tomography data were collected at the time of treatment initiation and at the last examination visit. A subanalysis was performed on patients who continued to receive anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy using a modified treat and extend protocol versus those who discontinued treatment for longer than 1 year.

Results:
One hundred thirty eyes of 115 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up after treatment initiation was 11.1 ± 0.7 years. Eyes received an average of 45.1 ± 32.3 intravitreal injections in total and a mean of 5 to 7 injections per year. The baseline mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.61 ± 0.5 (Snellen acuity 20/81), and the final mean logMAR visual acuity was 0.88 ± 0.7 (20/152, P value = <0.0001). There were 40 eyes that received at least one injection every year. These eyes did not have a significant change in visual acuity between the baseline and final examinations 0.47 ± 0.4 (20/59 vs. 0.58 ± 0.5 [20/76, P = 0.28]), whereas the eyes that did not receive at least one injection every year saw a significant decline in visual acuity 0.67 ± 0.5 (20/94 vs. 1.01 ± 0.7 [20/205, P < 0.0001]).

Conclusion:
Eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration that received intravitreal injections every year had stable visual acuity over a 10-year period. Continuous intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may stabilize visual acuity for 10 years and potentially longer.
A PILOT CLINICAL STUDY OF TREATING RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT BY SILICONE RUBBER BALLOON SCLERAL BUCKLING
Authors: Zhang Baike , Li Cheng , Jia Yong , Li Xiaodan , Guo Lisha , Wang Chunlei , Tian Xuemin 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and primary safety of treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) using foldable capsular vitreous body scleral buckling.

Methods:
Five patients with simple RRD were treated with foldable capsular vitreous body scleral buckling. B-ultrasound and fundus photography examining of retina reattachment were used to evaluate the postsurgery efficacy. The safety of the treatment was evaluated based on the occurrence of infection, eye pain, diplopia, elevated intraocular pressure, and other serious postoperative complications after surgery. The observation time after the operation was at least 12 weeks.

Results:
The simple RRD of all five patients was successfully reattached before being evaluating by B-ultrasound and fundus photography after surgery. Visual acuity was enhanced in two patients who were macularly affected. One patient had temporary diplopia and eye movement limitation after surgery. No other complications were recorded.

Conclusion:
This pilot study determined that foldable capsular vitreous body scleral buckling can be efficacious and safe for simple RRD. The results indicate that this surgery may be a novel alternative to the current extraocular procedures for simple RRD.
MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF A PRESUMED EMBOLIC CILIORETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION
Authors: Fernández-Avellaneda Pedro , Fragiotta Serena , Breazzano Mark P. , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To describe clinical features including multimodal imaging in a rare case of presumed embolic cilioretinal artery occlusion with long-term follow-up examination.

Methods:
A 61-year-old man presented after noticing an acute-onset central scotoma in the left eye during coronary arteriography. Fundus color photography, red-free imaging, near-infrared reflectance, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and swept-source OCT angiography were performed.

Results:
Color and red-free fundus imaging both showed retinal whitening in the territory corresponding to a cilioretinal artery in the left eye. Consistent with an ischemic event, the near-infrared reflectance showed a hyporeflective area in the same location. Spectral domain OCT showed hyperreflectivity and generalized thickening of the inner nuclear layer, ganglion cell layer, and retinal nerve fiber layer. Seven years later, color, red-free, and near-infrared reflectance imaging appeared normal, but the spectral domain OCT showed thinning of all retinal layers in the affected area. Furthermore, swept-source OCT angiography demonstrated markedly reduced capillary flow signal in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses, corresponding to a persistent scotoma described by the patient.

Conclusion:
This case report illustrates hallmark features of a rare presumed embolic cilioretinal artery occlusion and its long-term manifestations with thorough historical and multimodal imaging data. When standard fundus imaging with color, red-free, and near-infrared reflectance appears normal years after a retinal vascular insult, OCT and OCT angiography can corroborate a patient's persistent visual deficit and provide clarity to the diagnosis.
Valve of Rosenmüller: Endoscopic Real-Time Analysis of Two Subtypes and Potential Functional Implications
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: November 2019

Detailed anatomical features of the valve of Rosenmϋller can help our understanding of the focal anatomy and tear rheology.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to examine the endoscopic anatomy of the valve of Rosenmüller in real-time and its potential functional implications.

Methods:
High-definition endoscopic documentation of the valve of Rosenmüller (VOR) during 50 powered endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy over a period of 2 years were reviewed. The presence or absence of the valves were assessed and when present, each of the valves were studied for their anatomical configuration, shape, precise location, and changes with opening and closing of the internal common opening (ICO) and with the presence and absence of the probe.

Results:
VOR was noted in 68% of the subjects studied and 2 distinct subtypes were noted with type I being more common. The Type 1 VOR was a stand-alone, freely mobile, elliptical valve arising from the superior or postero-superior portion of the medial edge of the ICO. The Type II VOR was a group of a superior and inferior mucosal fold, arising from the superior and inferior portions of the medial edge of the ICO. When the ICO opens slowly, the valve tends to fall outwards towards the lacrimal sac. When the ICO slowly closes back, the valve moves inward towards the common canaliculus.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to demonstrate the in-vivo presence of VOR. Two different types of VOR were noted with characteristic shapes, locations, and movements of each. Where present, VOR fulfills the criteria of a true valve. The study proposes that the term “valve of Huschke” is a misnomer and when present, is actually part of the overall anatomical and functional unit of VOR.
Predictors of Indwelling Pleural Catheter Removal and Infection
Authors: Porcel José M. , Torres Magdalena , Pardina Marina , Civit Carmen , Salud Antonieta , Bielsa Silvia 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) offer ambulatory management of symptomatic persistent pleural effusions, but their widespread use is somewhat hampered by the risk of pleural infection and the inconvenience of carrying a catheter for a prolonged period of time. Factors associated with these 2 limitations were analyzed in this study.

Methods:
Retrospective review of consecutive patients who had undergone IPC placement over a 5 ½-year period. Time to IPC removal was analyzed with the Fine and Gray competing risks survival model, with competing risk being death. A binary logistic regression method was used to evaluate factors influencing IPC-related pleural infections.

Results:
A total of 336 IPCs were placed in 308 patients, mostly because of malignant effusions (83%). IPC removal secondary to pleurodesis was achieved in 170 (51%) procedures at a median time of 52 days. Higher rates of IPC removal were associated with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) grade of 0 to 2 [subhazard ratio (SHR)=2.22], an expandable lung (SHR=1.93), and development of a multiseptated pleural space (SHR=1.37). IPC-related pleural infections occurred in 8% of the cases, and were more often seen in hepatic hydrothoraces [odds ratio (OR)=4.75] and pleural fluids with a C-reactive protein <15 mg/L before the IPC insertion (OR=4.42).

Conclusion:
IPC removal is more likely to occur in patients with good performance status whose lungs fully expand after drainage. Hepatic hydrothorax is the most significant predictor of IPC-related infections.
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: She Shelley , Steinfort Daniel P. , Ing Alvin J. , Williamson Jonathan P. , Leong Paul , Irving Louis B. , Jennings Barton R. , Saghaie Tajalli 
Published: November 2019

Background:Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBCB) plays an increasing role in the evaluation of diffuse parenchymal lung disease with acceptable diagnostic yield and safety profile compared with that of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy on most reports. However, published outcomes with regard to safety and complication rates vary. We aim to determine the safety profile of TBCB when performed using a standardized protocol consistent with recently published expert guidelines.Materials and Methods:We reviewed prospectively maintained databases from 5 Australian tertiary referral centers. The procedures were performed in accordance with a recent expert statement recommending standardization of TBCB procedures, in particular with fluoroscopy, a secured airway, and prophylactic bronchial blockers. Periprocedural complications were assessed along with clinical outcomes.Results:A total of 121 patients underwent TBCB between August 2013 and August 2017 following a standardized protocol using general anesthesia. Of them, 84 patients (66.7%) were discharged on the day of the procedure. Pneumothorax occurred in 18 patients (14.9%), 13 (10.7%) of whom required chest tube drainage. Moderate bleeding occurred in 15 patients (13.2%) and severe bleeding in 1 (0.83%). Histopathologic diagnosis was made in 80 patients (66.1%).Conclusion:Pooled outcomes from Australian tertiary centers indicate that TBCB is safe when performed in a protocolized fashion. Active measures to anticipate and manage bleeding and to direct biopsy position result in low rates of major complications.
Validating the Utility of High Frequency Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing in the Diagnosis of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Lin Kenny , Lahey Ryan , Beckley Rachel , Bojrab Dennis , Wilkerson Brent , Johnson Emily , Babu Seilesh , Hong Robert S. 
Published: November 2019

Introduction:
Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) is a diagnostic test employed in the evaluation of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome. Previous work showed that the presence of the n10 component of oVEMP at 4000 Hz was diagnostic of SSCD with perfect sensitivity and specificity of 1.0 in a series of 22 patients. This study sought to validate the diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency oVEMP with comparison to 500 Hz oVEMP and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in a larger series of patients.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 171 patients with clinical symptoms consistent with SSCD who underwent oVEMP and cVEMP testing. Dehiscence of the superior semicircular canal (SCC) on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging of the temporal bone was used to identify cases of likely SSCD. The presence or absence of 4000 Hz oVEMP n10 responses, increased amplitude of 500 Hz oVEMP responses, and reduced threshold of 500 Hz cVEMP responses were identified for each patient.

Results:
SCC dehiscence was identified by CT imaging in 48 of 171 patients with symptoms consistent with SSCD. High-frequency oVEMP testing at 4000 Hz elicited a n10 response in 40 of 48 (83.3%) of patients and was present in 48 of 171 (28.1%) patients overall. The corresponding sensitivity was 0.83, specificity was 0.93, positive predictive value was 0.83, and negative predictive value was 0.93. oVEMP and cVEMP testing at 500 Hz was less accurate with sensitivity of 0.62 and 0.64, respectively, and specificity of 0.73 and 0.73, respectively.

Conclusion:
The presence of a 4000 Hz oVEMP n10 response was predictive of SSC dehiscence on CT imaging among patients with symptoms consistent with SSCD with sensitivity of 0.83, specificity of 0.93, positive predictive value of 0.83, and negative predictive value of 0.93. A negative finding strongly rules out SSCD. High-frequency oVEMP was more accurate than 500 Hz oVEMP or cVEMP.