bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of resected solitary ground‐glass opacities: Comparison between benign and malignant nodules
Authors: Qin Yingzhi , Xu Yuan , Ma Dongjie , Tian Zhenhuan , Huang Cheng , Zhou Xiaoyun , He Jia , Liu Lei , Guo Chao , Wang Guige , Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Yanqing , Liu Hongsheng 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundThe management of ground‐glass opacities (GGOs) depends mainly on personal experience. In clinical practice, benign GGOs are not rare in resected specimens, for which operations may be avoided. We retrospectively compared the clinical features of resected GGOs to identify differential diagnostic characteristics.MethodsAmong 1456 patients with suspected malignant GGOs who underwent surgical resection, 105 patients (35 with benign GGOs and 70 matched controls with malignant GGOs) were included. Clinical characteristics, including demographics and radiologic, surgical and pathologic characteristics, were collected.ResultsThe smoking index (P = 0.044), frequency of coughing (P = 0.026), GGO size (P = 0.003), size change during follow‐up (P = 0.011), location (P = 0.022), presence of air bronchogram sign (P = 0.004), distance to the pleura (P = 0.021) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) appearance (P = 0.003) showed significant differences between the benign and malignant groups. Pathologically, the resected benign GGOs included focal fibrosis (17), inflammation or infection (seven), lymphoproliferative disorder (one), hamartoma (three), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (two), hemangioma or vascular malformation (two), endometriosis (two) and pulmonary cyst (one).ConclusionsA higher smoking index, coughing, larger size, similar or increased size during follow‐up, location in the upper and middle lobes, air bronchogram sign on CT, lesion margin to pleura distance over 1 cm, and malignant tendency on PET/CT reports were associated with malignant GGOs. Relatively active surgical interventions could be considered for GGOs highly suspected of malignancy.
Posterior‐chamber phakic implantable collamer lenses with a central port: a review
Authors: Montés‐Micó Robert , Ruiz‐Mesa Ramón , Rodríguez‐Prats José Luís , Tañá‐Rivero Pedro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe aimed to summarize the outcomes reported following the implantation of the V4c implantable collamer lens with a central port (ICL, STAAR Surgical Inc) for myopia correction. A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was carried out to identify publications reporting clinical outcomes of patients who were implanted with the V4c ICL model and had a follow‐up period of at least 6 months. A total of 35 clinical studies published between 2012 and 2020 were included in the present review. A comprehensive analysis of the available data was performed, focusing on visual and refractive outcomes at different time‐points post‐surgery. In addition, adverse events and other parameters such as endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure and vault measurements—which were evaluated in some of the studies—were also compared. This review encompassed a total of 2904 eyes. The outcomes reported in this review lead us to conclude that ICL V4c implantation for myopia correction is a safe and efficient procedure, with stable visual and refractive outcomes and low adverse event rates. The patient’s anterior segment should be thoroughly characterized, and the ICL parameters should be carefully selected so as to achieve good outcomes and avoid complications.
The Middle Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous in the SW Barents Sea: Interplay between tectonics, coarse‐grained sediment supply and organic matter preservation
Authors: Marín Dora , Helleren Solveig , Escalona Alejandro , Olaussen Snorre , Cedeño Andrés , Nøhr‐Hansen Henrik , Ohm Sverre 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSyn‐rift successions contain both prolific organic‐rich and coarse‐grained rocks, but these rocks are usually studied independently. Thus, the interplay among organic matter deposition, tectonics and sediment supply is not commonly assessed. In this study, we use well logs, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) content, biostratigraphy and seismic data from the SW Barents Sea to unravel the variability of organic‐rich successions and its interaction with potential reservoir rocks in areas affected by active normal faulting versus tectonically stable areas. Four Transgressive‐Regressive (T‐R) sequences were defined for the Middle to Upper Jurassic Fuglen Formation and for the organic‐rich Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous Hekkingen Formation. Three TOC trends, controlled by palaeobathymetric variations, and organic matter dilution, were identified within the two main organic‐rich sequences (sequences 2 and 3): (a) wells with the highest TOC values (>10 wt %) at the base of the succession; (b) wells with the highest TOC values at the top of the succession and (c) wells with high TOC values at the base and top of the succession. Our interpretation indicates that fault activity controlled the TOC trends in two different ways: Firstly, by creating a sharp topographic contrast‐triggering hyperpycnal flows, and shallowing the footwalls, where higher oxygen content and less developed stratified waters lowered organic matter preservation. Secondly, by significantly increasing the input of clastic material, which inherently led to dilution of organic matter and resulted in lower TOC values (<6 wt %). We interpret that sand deposition was controlled by the size and geomorphology of the sediment source areas. The western part of the study area (i.e. the Loppa High) was characterized by uplifted footwall islands and localized sands along their flanks, whereas the southern part (i.e. the Finnmark Platform) constituted a larger sediment source area for the Volgian age. This work has implications for a better understanding of the distribution of reservoir and source rocks in active rift basins.
A scoping review of celebrity endorsement in environmental campaigns and evidence for its effectiveness
Authors: Olmedo Alegría , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Challender Daniel W. S. , Cugnière Laure , Dao Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Linh Bao , Nuno Ana , Potier Emelyne , Ribadeneira Martin , Thomas‐Walters Laura , Wan Anita Kar Yan , Wang Yifu , Veríssimo Diogo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of celebrities in marketing campaigns is widespread globally, including in environmental conservation. Celebrity endorsements are pervasive, but there is limited evidence of their effectiveness. We conducted a review of celebrity‐endorsed environmental campaigns. We report on the extent to which celebrities have been used in these campaigns, whether evaluation of the endorsement has been conducted, and assess whether there is evidence that the celebrities achieved the objectives they set out to accomplish through their engagement. We searched the peer‐reviewed and grey literature in six languages from July 2018 to January 2019 and found 79 campaigns implemented in nine countries from 1976 to 2018. Two thirds of campaigns were implemented in China and reported in Chinese. Only four campaigns were evaluated, but none of the evaluations provided evidence of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. Evaluation focused instead on overall campaign outputs and outcomes. Claims of effectiveness were made, but the lack of measurable objectives, theory of change, outcome indicators, and critical evaluation renders it impossible to determine whether the outcomes achieved by the campaigns can be attributed to celebrity endorsement. It thus remains unclear whether celebrity endorsement can contribute to conservation efforts. It is essential for environmental practitioners and researchers to report the outcomes and lessons learned from celebrity endorsements to ensure that their future use in conservation marketing campaigns is evidence‐based, thereby improving conservation practice.
Impacts of confounding roadway characteristics on estimates of associations between alcohol outlet densities and alcohol‐related motor vehicle crashes
Authors: Lipton Robert , Banerjee Aniruddha , Ponicki William R. , Gruenewald Paul J. , Morrison Christopher 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPrevious research on alcohol‐related motor vehicle crashes (AMVC) share a substantial limitation: sources of geographic variations in background crash risks may confound estimated spatial relationships between alcohol outlets and AMVCs. The aim of this study was to address this concern by examining, spatial–temporally, relationships between alcohol outlets and AMVCs adjusting for a set of six roadway characteristics that may be, independently, related to crash risks. While most similar studies focus on one metropolitan area, we use a unique sample of 50 cities.Design and MethodsThe spatial sample for this study consisted of 8726 Census 2000 block groups representing 50 mid‐sized California cities. Dependent measures were counts of crashes located within Census block groups. Independent measures included socio‐demographics, social disadvantage, alcohol outlets and roadway characteristics. We assessed relationships of crashes to independent measures using hierarchical generalised linear models.ResultsGreater roadway length, greater percentage of highways, greater average speeds, fewer T‐intersections, greater curviness and less fragmentation were related to greater numbers of crashes as was alcohol outlet density.DiscussionAbove and beyond alcohol outlet type and density, we found that roadway characteristics were related to AMVC risks across a sample of 50 mid‐sized cities. Measures of roadway characteristics are an essential component of any model of motor vehicle crashes that attempts to assess impacts of alcohol outlets on motor vehicle crashes risks.
Device‐measured physical activity and its association with physical function in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mickute M. , Henson J. , Rowlands A. V. , Sargeant J. A. , Webb D. , Hall A. P. , Edwardson C. L. , Baldry E. L. , Brady E. M. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. , Yates T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo quantify how differences in metrics characterizing physical activity and sedentary behaviour in type 2 diabetes are associated with physical function.MethodsThis analysis included participants’ data from the Chronotype of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Effect on Glycaemic Control (CODEC) cross‐sectional study. Data were stratified into two groups according to their short physical performance battery (SPPB) score (impaired physical function = SPPB < 10 and normal physical function = SPPB ≥ 10). Hand‐grip strength, sit‐to‐stand 60 (STS‐60) and the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) score were used to assess functional capacity, while physical activity metrics were measured with a wrist‐worn accelerometer. The associations between physical activity metrics and measures of functional capacity were analysed using generalized linear modelling.ResultsSome 635 adults (median age 66 years, 34% female) were included in this analysis. Overall, 29% of the cohort scored < 10 in the SPPB test indicating impaired physical function. This group spent more time in prolonged sedentary behaviour (600.7 vs. 572.5 min) and undertook less‐intense physical activity. Each sd increase in physical activity volume and intensity gradients for those with impaired physical function was associated with 17% more repetitions for STS‐60 with similar associations seen for DASI score. Each sd in sedentary time was associated with 15% fewer repetitions in STS‐60 and 16% lower DASI score in those with impaired physical function, whereas in normal physical function group it was 2% and 1%, respectively.ConclusionsThe strength of the associations for physical activity measures and functional capacity were modified by physical function status, with the strongest association seen in those with impaired physical function.
Cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin by baseline glucose‐lowering agents: Post hoc analyses from DECLARE‐TIMI 58
Authors: Cahn Avivit , Wiviott Stephen D. , Mosenzon Ofri , Murphy Sabina A. , Goodrich Erica L. , Yanuv Ilan , Rozenberg Aliza , Wilding John P. H. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , McGuire Darren K. , Litwak Leon , Kooy Adriaan , Gause‐Nilsson Ingrid A. M. , Fredriksson Martin , Langkilde Anna Maria , Sabatine Marc S. , Raz Itamar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the associations between baseline glucose‐lowering agents (GLAs) and cardiorenal outcomes with dapagliflozin versus placebo in the DECLARE‐TIMI 58 study.Materials and methodsDECLARE‐TIMI 58 assessed the cardiorenal outcomes of dapagliflozin versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. This post hoc analysis elaborates the efficacy and safety outcomes by baseline GLA for treatment effect and GLA‐based treatment interaction.ResultsAt baseline, 14 068 patients (82.0%) used metformin, 7322 (42.7%) sulphonylureas, 2888 (16.8%) dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, 750 (4.4%) glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) and 7013 (40.9%) insulin. Dapagliflozin reduced the composite of cardiovascular death (CVD) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) versus placebo regardless of baseline GLA, with greater benefit in the small group of patients with baseline use of GLP‐1 RAs (HR [95% CI] 0.37 [0.18, 0.78] vs. 0.86 [0.75, 0.98] in GLP‐1 RA users vs. non‐users, Pinteraction = .03). The overall HR for major adverse cardiovascular events (CVD, myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke) was 0.93 (95% CI 0.84, 1.03) with dapagliflozin versus placebo, with no interaction by baseline GLA (Pinteraction > .05). The renal‐specific outcome was reduced with dapagliflozin versus placebo in the overall cohort (HR [95%CI] 0.53[0.43‐0.66]), with no interaction by baseline GLA (Pinteraction > .05). All of these outcomes were similar in those with versus those without baseline metformin use.ConclusionsThe effects of dapagliflozin on cardiorenal outcomes were generally consistent regardless of baseline GLA, with consistent benefits regardless of baseline metformin use. The potential clinical benefit of combining sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors with GLP‐1 RAs, given some evidence of cardiovascular risk reduction with both classes, should be explored further.
Habitat loss and degradation due to farming intensification modify the floral visitor assemblages of a semiarid keystone shrub
Authors: González‐Robles Ana , Salido Teresa , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Valera Francisco , Rey Pedro J. 
Published: August 2020

The expansion of intensive agriculture has severely altered landscapes, a process that has been aggravated by the increase of greenhouse agriculture. However, few studies have considered the combined effects of habitat loss/degradation and greenhouse farming on insect visitors to native plants.
We analysed how habitat loss/degradation and greenhouse farming are related to the composition, abundance, and richness of the insect assemblages visiting flowers in a semiarid keystone shrub (Ziziphus lotus) in southeast Spain, home to Europe's largest area of greenhouses. We studied 21 populations distributed across a gradient of greenhouse intensification and habitat loss.
The composition, abundance, and richness of the Ziziphus insect assemblage substantially varied between populations and were differently affected by natural habitat‐remnant and landscape degradation and population isolation.
Insect abundance was negatively affected by habitat loss at population level but positively affected at individual Ziziphus scale. Honey‐bee relative abundance increased in highly degraded landscapes and isolated populations, being positively associated with hoverflies and negatively with ants and bee‐flies. Wild bees, carrion flies, and wasps remain neutral along the degradation axes. Insect visitor abundance per plant affected positively the flower visitation rate, which was also favoured by the relative abundance of honey bees, wild bees, and hoverflies. Species richness was not influenced by anthropogenic degradation, and did not affect flower visitation rate.
Our results highlight the fragility of wild pollinator communities to landscape and habitat degradation, and the need to regulate intensive farming practices to preserve wild insect pollinator assemblages in semiarid habitats.
Low‐temperature physiology of climatically distinct south African populations of the biological control agent Neochetina eichhorniae
Authors: Rogers Daniel J. , Terblanche John S. , Owen Candice A. 
Published: August 2020

Neochetina eichhorniae is the most widely established biocontrol agent on water hyacinth populations around South Africa. However, some N. eichhorniae populations have failed to adequately control their host population, specifically those exposed to cold conditions.
The aim of this study was to determine whether two climatically distinct populations of N. eichhorniae in South Africa differ in their low‐temperature physiology, which tests whether local‐climate adaptation has occurred.
We estimated weevil CTmin, LLT50, SCP, and SCP mortality using standard approaches. Contrary to expectation based on climatic thermal profiles at the two sites, weevils from the warm locality ((mean ± SE) CTmin = 5.0 °C ± 0.2, LLT50 = −11.3 °C ± 0.03, SCP = −15.8 °C ± 0.6) were able to maintain activity and tolerate colder temperatures than the weevils from the colder site (CTmin = 6.0 °C ± 0.5, LLT50 = −10.1 °C ± 0.1, SCP = −12.9 °C ± 0.8).
These contradictory outcomes are likely explained by the poor nutrient quality of the plants at the cold site, driving low‐temperature performance variation that overrode any macroclimate variation among sites. The cold site weevils may also have adapted to survive wide‐temperature variability, rather than perform well under very cold conditions. In contrast, the mass‐reared population of insects from the warm site has likely adapted to the consistent conditions that they experience over many years in confinement.
The jury is still out regarding the generality of adaptive ‘transgenerational’ effects
Authors: Sánchez‐Tójar Alfredo , Lagisz Malgorzata , Moran Nicholas P. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Noble Daniel W. A. , Reinhold Klaus 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA recent meta‐analysis concluded, ‘transgenerational effects are widespread, strong and persistent’. We identify biases in the literature search, data and analyses, questioning that conclusion. Re‐analyses indicate few studies actually tested transgenerational effects – making it challenging to disentangle condition‐transfer from anticipatory parental effects, and providing little insight into the underlying mechanisms.
The Other Within Oneself: Understanding Care for a Family Member with Early‐Onset Dementia Through the Lens of Dividuality
Authors: Hoppe Silke 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, I use the concept of the dividual to analyze the dynamics at stake in a family caring for a member with early‐onset dementia. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork in the Netherlands, I argue that using a dividual framework reveals family dynamics that are overlooked when using an individual framework, and it allows one to better understand the emotional pain that family members experience during the care process. Approaching family members as fractal persons shows how their identity is composed of other family members and how this can lead to dilemmas and conflicts in the care situation. The majority of articles on dementia focus on dyadic relationships. This article advocates a systemic approach encompassing the whole family. Moreover, it underlines the importance of taking the historicity of family relations into account and not limiting the analysis to situational dynamics.
Coping in the Aftermath of Youth's Suicidal Behaviors: A Comparison of Black Mothers and White Mothers
Authors: Doyle Otima , Weller Bridget E. , Goldston David B. , Breland‐Noble Alfiee M. , Estroff Sue E. , Daniel Stephanie S. , Curry John F. , Wells Karen C. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo better understand Black mothers' and White mothers' qualitative reactions to their adolescents' hospitalizations due to suicide attempts.BackgroundCaregivers of youth with suicidal behaviors play a vital role in youth's subsequent treatment and recovery. Yet little attention has been paid to how they are affected by youth's psychiatric hospitalizations or how their reactions may be influenced by race.MethodTwenty Black mothers (Mage = 42.50; SD = 8.48) and 20 White mothers (Mage = 44.85; SD = 6.86) were randomly selected from data originally collected for a larger longitudinal, mixed method, multisite study. Data analysis was informed by grounded theory methodology.ResultsFour themes emerged from the data: mothers' emotional distress; mothers' coping, needs, and supports; mothers' perceived need for increased monitoring; and improved mother–child relationships.ConclusionsBlack mothers and White mothers largely had similar reactions to youth's hospitalizations; however, nuanced differences also were noted regarding how they described their experiences and what they emphasized.ImplicationsDuring discharge planning, mothers need additional support (beyond referrals) in their roles as caregivers and for their own coping. Additional clinical and research implications are discussed.
The soil microbial carbon pump: From conceptual insights to empirical assessments
Authors: Zhu Xuefeng , Jackson Randall D. , DeLucia Evan H. , Tiedje James M. , Liang Chao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe global soil carbon (C) pool is massive, so relatively small changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks can significantly alter atmospheric C and global climate. The recently proposed concept of the soil microbial carbon pump (MCP) emphasizes the active role of soil microbes in SOC storage by integrating the continual microbial transformation of organic C from labile to persistent anabolic forms. However, the concept has not been evaluated with data. Here, we combine datasets, including microbial necromass biomarker amino sugars and SOC, from two long‐term agricultural field studies conducted by large United States bioenergy research programs. We interrogate the soil MCP concept by investigating the asynchronous responses of microbial necromass and SOC to land‐use change. Microbial necromass appeared to preferentially accumulate in soil and be the dominant contributor to SOC accrual in diversified perennial bioenergy crops. Specifically, ~92% of the additional SOC enhanced by plant diversity was estimated to be microbial necromass C, and >76% of the additional SOC enhanced by land‐use transition from annual to perennial crops was estimated to be microbial necromass. This suggests that the soil MCP was stimulated in diversified perennial agroecosystems. We further delineate and suggest two parameters—soil MCP capacity and efficacy—reflecting the conversion of plant C into microbial necromass and the contribution of microbial necromass to SOC, respectively, that should serve as valuable metrics for future studies evaluating SOC storage under alternative management in changing climates.