bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of Malaria Microscopy Diagnosis Performance In Public Hospitals Of Eastern And Centeral Part Of Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Jaleta Fraol , Garoma Getinet , Gerenfes Tadesse 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Back ground: Prompt and accurate malaria diagnosis is essential strategies for effective malaria case management as well as the public health response to malaria. Diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone may lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of malaria microscopy diagnosis public hospitals of Eastern and Central part Oromia, Ethiopia Method : Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted from March, 2019 to May, 2019. All 46 public hospitals of 12 zones in Eastern and Central parts of Oromia, Ethiopia were included in the study. Data were collected using Semi structured questionnaire and known validated positive and negative slides with different species, stage and parasite density distributed to each health facility. It was categorized and cleaned by Epi Info version 3.5.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 20 with multivariate analysis to identify factors associated with poor malaria microscopy diagnosis. Level of agreement was calculated by Kappa statistics. Results: From the total of 46 hospitals , 31 (67.39%) had acceptable quality performance with cumulative grading score of > 80%. The overall percentage of agreement in detection and species identification was 80.45% (Kappa=0.79) and 63.03% (Kappa=0. 38). Laboratory professionals who had work experience greater than five years were 10.56 times better in detecting and identifying malaria parasite when compared to those who had work experience less than or equal to five years (AOR [95%CI]=10.56[1.45-76.73]) . Laboratory professionals who were trained on malaria microscopy diagnosis were 1.28 times reported better quality results than those who were not trained (AOR, % 95CI=1.28[1.5-48.13]) Conclusion: The overall agreement of laboratory professionals in detection and species identification was with substantial and fair with kappa value 0.79 and 0.38 respectively. There were also gaps in correctly reporting stages identification and parasite count from distributed slides. Lack of Training and low work experience of laboratory professionals were factors associated with malaria microscopy diagnostic performance. Hence, capacitating laboratory professionals is essential to ensure good performance of malaria microscopy which reduces misdiagnosis of malaria parasites and mistreatment of malaria suspected patients.
'We always support each other – no matter what': a qualitative analysis of work-related psychosocial demands, stressors and resources in general practice teams
Authors: Tsarouha Elena , Preiser Christine , Weltermann Birgitta , Junne Florian , Seifried-Dübon Tanja , Stuber Felicitas , Hartmann Sigrid , Wittich Andrea , Rieger Monika A , Rind Esther , Consortium IMPROVEjob- 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Work-related stress has been associated with poor psychological and physical outcomes. A better understanding of work-related psychosocial demands, risks and resources can therefore contribute to the prevention of work-related stress. Compared to the general population, medical staff have reported a higher prevalence of chronic stress. Using general practices as an example for small enterprises, this study aims to gain a deeper understanding of work-related psychosocial demands, stressors and resources in the primary care setting. Methods We applied an ethnographic design, comprising a combination of participating observations, individual interviews with physicians (N = 6) and focus group discussion with physician assistants and administrative staff (N = 19) in five general practices in Germany. Access to the practice teams was established via a local general practice network. A grounded theory approach was applied to analyze all data. Results Our results identified specific psychosocial demands, stressors and resources exemplified mainly along two typical tasks in GP practices: the issuing of medical prescriptions and blood sampling. Main psychosocial risks included factors related to work content and tasks (eg, incompleteness of task), organization of work (eg, frequent interruptions), and the working environment (eg, noise). Work-related resources comprised staff’s influence on aspects related to work organization (eg, scope for action) and social support (eg, positively perceived teamwork). Conclusion Although work processes in general practices are complex and partly regulated by law, there are opportunities for practice owners and practice teams to establish working procedures in ways that reduce psychosocial risks and strengthen work-related resources.
Investigating the pharmacological mechanisms of SheXiang XinTongNing against coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology
Authors: Jia Li-ying , Li Jia , Cao Gui-yun , Meng Zhao-qing , Gan Lu , Li Jin-xin , Lan Xin-yi , Yang Chao-lin , Zhang Chun-Feng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background SheXiang XinTongNing, a commercially available Chinese patent medicine, has been widely used in the treatment of coronary heart disease. However, the mechanisms of SheXiang XinTongNing are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of SheXiang XinTongNing against coronary heart disease via network analysis. Method The traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology analysis platform was used to screen the potential active constituents of the six traditional Chinese medicines in SheXiang XinTongNing, and the potential targets were obtained from PharmMapper. The genome annotation database platform was used to screen the candidate targets related to coronary heart disease. Then the drug-components-targets network and protein interaction network were built by Cytoscape 3.6.0 software. Further, GO bio-functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed through annotation, visualization and integrated discovery database. Results Results showed that the drugs-components-targets network contains 104 targets and 62 key components. The protein interaction network consisted of 107 nodes; key targets included Bcl2l1, IGF1, SRC, CASP3, et al. Functionally, the candidate targets were significantly associated with multiple pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Endocrine resistance. Given the above, the pharmacological activities of SheXiang XinTongNing may be predominantly related to several factors such as cell apoptosis, inflammation and angiogenesis. Conclusion XTN can effectively attenuate the symptoms of coronary heart disease through diverse pathways. The research proves that network pharmacology can successfully reveal the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in a holistic view. Our systematic analysis lays a foundation for further studying.
Determinants of deranged thyroid function parameters in children admitted for management of diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Shao Peng , Guo Shujuan , Li Guimei , Qin Daogang , Li Sen , Ying Luan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sick euthyroid syndrome is frequent in children admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This study evaluates the interplay of various metabolic factors with occurrence of deranged thyroid function tests in children admitted for management of DKA.Methods: 194 children admitted for management of DKA were selected from hospital records. Children on thyroxine replacement or those with overt hypothyroidism or anti-TPO antibody positive were excluded. Tests for liver function, renal function, lipid profile, serum osmolarity, thyroid function, c-peptide levels, and glycosylated hemoglobin were done for all. Children were divided into a euthyroid group (n=88) and an euthyroid sick syndrome（ESS）group (n=106).Results:The ESS group had a higher WBC, PG, β-HB, TG, AG, and HbA1c and lower HCO3-, PA, and ALB levels compared with the euthyroid group (P<0.05). FT3 levels were significantly correlated to β-HB, HCO3-, AG, PA, and HbA1c. (r=-0.642, 0.681, -0.377, 0.581, -0.309, respectively; P<0.01) FT4 levels were significantly correlated to β-HB, HCO3-, and ALB levels (r=-0.489, 0.338, 0.529, respectively; P<0.01). TSH levels were significantly affected by HCO3– only (r=-0.28; P<0.01). HCO3– level was the most important factor deciding adjudication to euthyroid or ESS group on logistic regression analysis (OR=0.844, P=0.004, 95%CI=0.751­-0.948).Conclusions: Lower levels of free thyroid hormones and occurrence of ESS is associated with a higher degree of acidosis in children admitted with DKA. Lower levels of markers of nutrition such as serum albumin and pre-albumin levels are associated with lower levels of free thyroid hormone concentrations in children with DKA.
Potential Risks in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Cervical Cancer: A Single-Institution Pilot Study
Authors: Tu Hua , Wan Ting , Zhang Xinke , Gu Haifeng , Huang He , Feng Yanling , Liu Jihong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is an attractive technique that widely performed in many oncological surgeries. However, the potential risks in SLN biopsy for cervical cancer remains largely unclear. Methods: Seventy-five patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer were enrolled between May 2014 and June 2016. SLN biopsies were performed followed by pelvic lymphadenectomies and all resected nodes were labeled according to their anatomic areas. Only bilateral detections of SLNs were considered as successful. Patients’ clinicopathologic feature, performance of SLN detection, and distributions of lymph node metastases were analyzed. Results: Of the 75 enrolled patients, at least one SLN was detected in 69 (92.0%), including 33 in bilateral and 36 in unilateral. SLNs were most detected in obturator area (52 of 69 patients, 75.4%) and 26 (37.7%) patients presented SLNs in more than one area of hemipelvis. Lymphovascular invasion was found to be the only factor that adversely influenced SLN detection, while the tumor diameter, growth type, histological grade, deep stromal invasion and neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed no significant impacts. Patients with lymphovascular invasion showed significantly higher rate to have unsuccessful detection (90.9% versus 41.5%, P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis (40.9% versus 3.8%, P<0.001) compared with those without. Nodal metastases were confirmed in 11 patients, of whom 9 (81.8%) had lymphovascular invasion and 7 (63.6%) had non-SLN metastasis. The most frequently involved SLNs were obturator nodes (9/11, 81.8%). In addition, the parametrial nodes also has high rate to be positive (4/11, 36.4%), although they were relatively less identified as SLNs. Besides, 3 patients showed metastases in the laterals without SLN detected. Conclusions: In cervical cancer, lymphovascular invasion is a significant factor for unsuccessful SLN detection, which harbors the risk of omitting nodal metastasis. The risk of having undetected metastasis is high when SLN is positive, therefore further lymphadenectomy may be necessary for these patients.
Analysis of dynamic disturbance in blood coagulation function of 261 patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chen Nian , Li Yu-Wen , Fan Hao-Zhi , Tian An-Ran , Yuan Hui , Jiang Zheng-Yi , Yu Yun-Xi , Ruan Li-Li , Hu Ping-Ping , Yue Ming , Li Jun , Zhu Chuan-Long 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: With the spread of SARS-CoV-2 around the world, a rising number of studies have been conducted on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. However, studies about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on coagulation function are rare. Hence, we aimed to assess the differences and dynamic changes of blood coagulation function in ordinary, severe and critical patients with COCID-19. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. Clinical information, including age, routine blood and blood coagulation function, was collected from medical records of COVID-19 patients from January 24 to March 25, 2020 in Huangshi, Hubei Province. According to new pneumonia diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (trial version seventh), the patients were divided into ordinary, severe and critical groups. Results: 261 COVID-19 patients (186 ordinary, 45 severe and 30 critical ones) were enrolled. Average age in critical group (71.47±11.48 years) was the oldest of three subgroups. At admission, statistically differences could be observed for D-dimer, FDP, Platelet and lymphocyte count among three subgroups (P<0.05). During hospitalization, the peak values of coagulation and valley values of blood routine were monitored, and there were significant differences among ordinary, severe and critical patients in D-dimer (0.26±0.46, 1.39±1.51 and 2.89±1.68 mg/L), FDP (3.29±5.52, 23.68±39.07 and 56.11±49.94 μg/ml), platelet [(164±55.53), (171±69.96) and (84±57.80) ×109/L)] and lymphocyte counts [(1.10±0.46), (0.65±0.35) and (0.55±0.31) ×109/L)], respectively (P<0.001). In the critical group, D-dimer and FDP were significantly increased, while platelet count and lymphocyte count were obviously decreased. D-dimer and FDP in the course of disease in severe/critical groups showed a first upward and then downward trend. Conclusions: Close monitoring of coagulation function could help predict the severity of COVID-19, and guide treatment.
Measuring social media attention of scientific research on Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An investigation on article-level metrics data of Dimensions
Authors: Batooli Zahra , Sayyah Mansour 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the rate of attention to the scientific productions on COVID-19 in social media over a period of four months. The present research was an applied descriptive-analytical study that used Scientometrics analysis. The population study included research papers about the COVID-19 indexed in Dimensions platform from December 2019 to March 2020. Information of 20% of the articles with the highest citation count and 20% of the articles with the highest number of Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), including title, journal, citation and Altmetrics indicators for each article were extracted. These data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0. The results showed that 1910 scientific productions about the COVID-19 were indexed in the Dimensions platform. A considerable number of these articles were accessible via preprint services and were published in journals such as The Lancet, JAMA, BMJ and NEJM. Authors from China and Japan were the most active authors. All of the 382 articles had AAS, that is, all of these articles received attention at least in one of the social media. The highest and lowest AAS for these articles were 14030 and 6, respectively. These results show a high rate of attention by researches and users of social media to the articles presented on COVID-19. The result of this research also showed a significant positive relationship between the citations and Altmetric indicators. As the results of this research showed, the “information supply” in the field of COVID-19 was remarkably high. Also, the “information demand” by the social media audiences was high.
Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among MSM who have not tested: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil
Authors: Magno Laio , Leal Andrea Fachel , Knauth Daniela , Dourado Ines , Guimarães Mark Guimarães Drew Crosland , Santana Elis Santana Passos , Jordão Tiago Jordão , Rocha Gustavo Rocha Machado , Veras Maria Amélia Amélia , Kendall Carl Kendall , Pontes Alexandre Pontes Kerr , Brito Ana Maria , Kerr Ligia Kerr 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Brazil has a lot of people living with HIV (PLWH) that are still unaware of their own serostatus and has recently integrated HIV self-test (HIVST) into its public health system and offered to key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and its associated factors. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used in behavioral and biological surveillance to recruit 4,176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted according to Gile’s estimator using RDS Analyst Software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or at least once in a lifetime). Results: We included 3,605 MSM who did not previously know they were PLWH. The HIVST acceptability was 49.1%, lower among those had done HIV test during lifetime compared to those who have never done it (42.7% vs 50.1%), especially among who are in a less vulnerable social context. In the subgroups of MSM who had never had an HIV test, those with complete secondary or incomplete higher school, who reported discrimination, who with a medical appointment in the last 12 months, with high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS and who took part in LGBT nongovernmental organization (LGBT-NGO) had higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had taken an HIV test, those who took part in LGBT NGOs had greater HIVST acceptability. We observed a dose-response effect of schooling and knowledge of HIV/AIDS on HIVST acceptability: an increase in both levels was associated with greater acceptability. Conclusions: The findings highlight that it is necessary to improve information about HIVST among MSM more vulnerable in Brazil. Given the acceptability of self-testing and its current adoption in Brazil, we can also point to the need for policies that build on this and enhance timely access to health services and prevention information.
Piperaquine resistant Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates: in vitro genotypic and phenotypic characterization
Authors: Boonyalai Nonlawat , Vesely Brian A , Thamnurak Chatchadaporn , Praditpol Chantida , Fagnark Watcharintorn , Kirativanich Kirakarn , Saingam Piyaporn , Chaisatit Chaiyaporn , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Gosi Panita , Kuntawunginn Worachet , Vanachayangkul Pattaraporn , Spring Michele D , Fukuda Mark M , Lon Chanthap , Smith Philip L , Waters Norman C , Saunders David L , Wojnarski Mariusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: High rates of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PPQ) treatment failures have been documented for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia. It is essential to establish sensitive and reliable markers of PPQ resistance which can be adopted for monitoring the prevalence of drug resistance and guide drug policy change. Several genetic markers have been proposed such as copy numbers of P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ) and plasmepsin 2 (PM2), and mutations in exonuclease (exo-E415G) and P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) genes.Methods: To examine the relative contribution of each marker to PPQ resistance, in vitro culture and the PPQ survival assay were performed on seventeen P. falciparum isolates from northern Cambodia and the presence of exo-E415G and PfCRT mutations as well as PM2 copy number polymorphisms were determined. Parasites were then cloned by limiting dilution and the cloned parasites were tested for drug susceptibility. The efficacy of several drug combinations between standard clones and newly cloned P. falciparum Cambodian isolates was also measured.Results: The characterization of culture-adapted isolates revealed that exo-E415G and novel PfCRT mutations can confer PPQ-resistance, in the absence of PM2 amplification. In vitro testing of PPQ resistant parasites showed bimodal dose-response phenotype as previously reported in both Cambodian isolates and genome-edited Dd2 strains. Our finding is the first PPQ resistant clinical isolate with documented swollen digestive vacuole phenotype. From the field isolates, we were able to clone a new parasite line, 14-B5, which is sensitive to arteminsinin and piperaquine but resistant to chloroquine. Most of the drug combinations tested revealed antagonistic interaction against the 14-B5 line, indicating its different genetic background from other P. falciparum laboratory reference lines.Conclusions: Surveillance for PPQ resistance in regions that rely on DHA-PPQ as the first line treatment should depend on the monitoring of the reflective molecular markers. Bimodal dose response curves and swelling of the food vacuole can be used as PPQ resistant phenotype. The use of currently circulating parasite isolates is necessary for relevant drug combination development against current P. falciparum resistance profiles.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection: Double Trouble
Authors: Singh Abhijeet , Gupta Ayush , Das Kamanashish 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has received worldwide attention by becoming a major global health threat. We encountered one case of SARS-CoV-2 and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) coinfection which has not been frequently reported. A 76 year old female presented with acute respiratory symptoms superimposed on chronic symptoms, suggestive to have pneumonia. Oropharyngeal throat swab sample for SARS-CoV-2 infection was positive as detected by real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Sputum smear staining was positive for acid fast bacilli. Clinicians should suspect coinfection with pulmonary TB while treating Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during ongoing pandemic as therapeutic strategies need to be determined accordingly to improve outcome and prevent transmission in community.
Lymphopenia acted as an adverse factor for severity in patients with COVID-19: a single-centered, retrospective study
Authors: Liu Jiheng , Li Heng , Luo Ming , Liu Jiyang , Wu Lingzhen , Lin Xianfeng , Li Ruijuan , Wang Zhihua , Zhong Haiying , Zheng Wenli , Zhou Yan , Jiang Dixuan , Tan Xin , Zhou Zhiguo , Peng Hongling , Zhang Guangsen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 began in December and rapidly caused a pandemic. To investigate the significance of lymphopenia for the severity of the disease, this study was performed.Methods: 115 patients confirmed COVID-19 from a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China were enrolled. The clinical, laboratory, treatment and outcome data were collected and compared between patients with lymphopenia or not.Results: The median age was 42 years (1-75). 54 patients (47.0%) of the patients had lymphopenia on admission. In the group of lymphopenia, more patients had hypertension (30.8% vs 10.0%, P=0.006) and coronary heart disease (3.6% vs 0%, P=0.029) and more patients with leucopenia (48.1% vs 14.8%, P<0.001) and eosinophilia (92.6% vs 54.1%, P<0.001) were observed. Lymphopenia was also correlated with severity grades of pneumonia (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P=0.0014). Lymphopenia was associated with a prolonged duration of hospitalization (17.0 days vs 14.0 days, P=0.002). Moreover, the recovery of lymphocyte appeared the earliest before CRP and chest radiographs in severe cases, suggesting its predictive value for disease improvement. Conclusion: Our results showed the clinical significance of lymphopenia for predicting the severity of COVID-19 and the recovery of the disease, emphasizing the need to monitor the lymphocyte count dynamically.