bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carboxamides Bearing Sulfonamide Functionality as Potential Novel Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors
Authors: Ibezim Akachukwu , Onoabedje Efeturi A. , Adaka Ifeyinwa C. , Omeje Kingsley O. , Onoabedje Ufuoma S. , Obi Bonaventure C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a well‐known drug target for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases. In this study, we reported the synthesis and biological screening of a series of new carboxamides bearing sulfonamide functionality for PLA2 inhibitory potency and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Also, computational technique was employed to characterize the binding poses of top‐ranking derivatives. The biological assay shows that all the compounds inhibited the enzyme at percentage inhibition ranging from 5.3 to 66.4 %, while only six compounds inhibited more than 60.0 % of PLA2 activity. The six derivatives also scavenge more than 60 % of the free radical which indicates they are both potential anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidant candidates. Analysis of the compounds’ theoretical binding poses reveals unique binding interactions exploitable in developing enhanced PLA2 inhibitors.
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Benzimidazole Derivatives Having Norbornene/Dibenzobarrelene Skeletons and Different Functional Groups
Authors: Çapan İrfan , Servi Süleyman , Dalkılıç Semih , Dalkılıç Lütfiye Kadıoğlu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTwo different anhydrides having norbornene and dibenzobarrelene skeletons were synthesized from Diels‐Alder cycloaddition reactions using dienes such as anthracene and cyclopentadiene, and dienophiles like maleic acid and maleic anhydride. New benzimidazole derivatives bearing carboxamide, guanidine, and cyclic imide functional groups were obtained from these anhydrides. The compounds were investigated for their effects on MDA‐MB‐231 (Human breast cancer), A549 (Lung cancer), Ovcar3 (Human Ovarian cancer), and Panc1 (human pancreas cancer) cell lines using the MTT assay test. Compounds4–8demonstrated critical cytotoxic action against all cell lines.
On the Oxidation of [Ge9]4− – Crystal Structures and Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Linked Ge9 Clusters
Authors: Mayer Kerstin , Klein Wilhelm , Geier Sebastian , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOxidation of Ge9 Zintl clusters can afford condensed cluster species in the form of dimers, oligomers and polymers. In this work, we present a new route for the synthesis of Ge9 tetramers present in the compound [K(18‐crown‐6)]8[Ge9=Ge9=Ge9=Ge9] ⋅ 4 pyr. The reaction of a pyridine solution of K4Ge9 with 18‐crown‐6 first leads to the formation of green needles of yet unknown composition, which convert into the reported tetramer over time. In this reaction pyridine acts as oxidation reagent. Raman studies on the green needles as well as on tetrameric and polymeric Ge9 feature complex vibrational patterns. Furthermore, we present the crystal structure of a new type of Ge9 dimer in the compound K4[K(2.2.2‐crypt)]2[Ge9−Ge9] ⋅ 4 en ⋅ 2 thf, which represents an intermediate between the two established conformers.
High-resolution mapping of Rym14Hb, a wild relative resistance gene to barley yellow mosaic disease
Authors: Pidon Hélène , Wendler Neele , Habekuβ Antje , Maasberg Anja , Ruge-Wehling Brigitte , Perovic Dragan , Ordon Frank , Stein Nils 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKey messageWe mapped theRym14Hbresistance locus to barley yellow mosaic disease in a 2Mbp interval. The co-segregating markers will be instrumental for marker-assisted selection in barley breeding.AbstractBarley yellow mosaic disease is caused by Barley yellow mosaic virus and Barley mild mosaic virus and leads to severe yield losses in barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Central Europe and East-Asia. Several resistance loci are used in barley breeding. However, cases of resistance-breaking viral strains are known, raising concerns about the durability of those genes.Rym14Hbis a dominant major resistance gene on chromosome 6HS, originating from barley’s secondary genepool wild relativeHordeum bulbosum. As such, the resistance mechanism may represent a case of non-host resistance, which could enhance its durability. A susceptible barley variety and a resistantH. bulbosumintrogression line were crossed to produce a large F2mapping population (n = 7500), to compensate for a ten-fold reduction in recombination rate compared to intraspecific barley crosses. After high-throughput genotyping, theRym14Hblocus was assigned to a 2Mbp telomeric interval on chromosome 6HS. The co-segregating markers developed in this study can be used for marker-assisted introgression of this locus into barley elite germplasm with a minimum of linkage drag.
An efficient triangle mesh slicing algorithm for all topologies in additive manufacturing
Authors: King Bethany , Rennie Allan , Bennett Graham 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo date, slicing algorithms for additive manufacturing is the most effective for favourable triangular mesh topologies; worst-case models, where a large percentage of triangles intersect each slice plane, take significantly longer to slice than a like-for-like file. In larger files, this results in a significant slicing duration, when models are both worst cases and contain more than 100,000 triangles. The research presented here introduces a slicing algorithm which can slice worst-case large models effectively. A new algorithm is implemented utilising an efficient contour construction method, with further adaptations, which make the algorithm suitable for all model topologies. Edge matching, which is an advanced sorting method, decreases the number of sorts per edge from n total number of intersections to two, alongside additional micro-optimisations that deliver the enhanced efficient contour construction algorithm. The algorithm was able to slice a worst-case model of 2.5 million triangles in the 1025s. Maximum improvement was measured as 9400% over the standard efficient contour construction method. Improvements were also observed in all parts in excess of 1000 triangles. The slicing algorithm presented offers novel methods that address the failings of other algorithms described in literature to slice worst-case models effectively.
Cytochrome P450 expression, induction and activity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids and comparison with primary human intestinal epithelial cells and Caco-2 cells
Authors: Janssen Aafke W. F. , Duivenvoorde Loes P. M. , Rijkers Deborah , Nijssen Rosalie , Peijnenburg Ad A. C. M. , van der Zande Meike , Louisse Jochem 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman intestinal organoids (HIOs) are a promising in vitro model consisting of different intestinal cell types with a 3D microarchitecture resembling native tissue. In the current study, we aimed to assess the expression of the most common intestinal CYP enzymes in a human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived HIO model, and the suitability of that model to study chemical-induced changes in CYP expression and activity. We compared this model with the commonly used human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 and with a human primary intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-based model, closely resembling in vivo tissue. We optimized an existing protocol to differentiate hiPSCs into HIOs and demonstrated that obtained HIOs contain a polarized epithelium with tight junctions consisting of enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and Paneth cells. We extensively characterized the gene expression of CYPs and activity of CYP3A4/5, indicating relatively high gene expression levels of the most important intestinal CYP enzymes in HIOs compared to the other models. Furthermore, we showed thatCYP1A1andCYP1B1were induced by β-naphtoflavone in all three models, whereasCYP3A4was induced by phenobarbital and rifampicin in HIOs, in the IEC-based model (although not statistically significant), but not in Caco-2 cells. Interestingly,CYP2B6expression was not induced in any of the models by the well-known liver CYP2B6 inducer phenobarbital. In conclusion, our study indicates that hiPSC-based HIOs are a useful in vitro intestinal model to study biotransformation of chemicals in the intestine.
The effect of heavy metals on thiocyanate biodegradation by an autotrophic microbial consortium enriched from mine tailings
Authors: Shafiei Farhad , Watts Mathew P. , Pajank Lukas , Moreau John W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bioremediation systems represent an environmentally sustainable approach to degrading industrially generated thiocyanate (SCN−), with low energy demand and operational costs and high efficiency and substrate specificity. However, heavy metals present in mine tailings effluent may hamper process efficiency by poisoning thiocyanate-degrading microbial consortia. Here, we experimentally tested the tolerance of an autotrophic SCN−-degrading bacterial consortium enriched from gold mine tailings for Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and As. All of the selected metals inhibited SCN− biodegradation to different extents, depending on concentration. At pH of 7.8 and 30 °C, complete inhibition of SCN− biodegradation by Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr occurred at 20, 5, 10, and 6 mg L−1, respectively. Lower concentrations of these metals decreased the rate of SCN− biodegradation, with relatively long lag times. Interestingly, the microbial consortium tolerated As even at 500 mg L−1, although both the rate and extent of SCN− biodegradation were affected. Potentially, the observed As tolerance could be explained by the origin of our microbial consortium in tailings derived from As-enriched gold ore (arsenopyrite). This study highlights the importance of considering metal co-contamination in bioreactor design and operation for SCN− bioremediation at mine sites.

Key points
• Both the efficiency and rate of SCN−biodegradation were inhibited by heavy metals, to different degrees depending on type and concentration of metal.
• The autotrophic microbial consortium was capable of tolerating high concentrations of As, potential having adapted to higher As levels derived from the tailings source.
Effects of environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variation of the endemic plant Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps
Authors: Macrì Carmelo , Dagnino Davide , Guerrina Maria , Médail Frédéric , Minuto Luigi , Thompson John D. , Casazza Gabriele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGeographical limits of species’ distributions are assumed to be coincident with ecological margins, although this assumption might not always be true. Indeed, harsh environments such as Alpine and Mediterranean ecosystems may favour high phenotypic variability among populations, especially those in peripheral sites. Floral traits are often found to be less variable and less affected by environmental heterogeneity than vegetative traits because variation in the former may have negative effects on fitness. For this reason, it is important to quantify variation in floral traits and plant fecundity in study range limits. The objective of the study is to examine phenotypic variation and differences in reproduction in endemicLilium pomponiumin the Maritime and Ligurian Alps in relation to environmental variation across its distribution range. In this species, marginal climatic populations occur both in the peripheral and central geographical locations of the distribution range; hence, geographical and ecological gradients are not concordant. Floral trait variation is related to local environmental conditions with an array of interactions among resource availability, potential pollen limitation and population size that are differentially related to floral traits. Contrary to the general expectation, all central and peripheral populations had similar, moderate seed production with each group limited by different factors acting on different stages of the life-history strategy. Our results are in line with the idea that general expectations are confirmed only when its assumptions are met and that the differences in pollination environment along an environmental gradient may not be the main determinant of the distribution limit.
A retrospective analysis of autotransplanted teeth including an evaluation of a novel surgical technique
Authors: Raabe Clemens , Bornstein Michael M. , Ducommun Julien , Sendi Pedram , von Arx Thomas , Janner Simone F. M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess survival rates and frequency of complications for immature and mature autotransplanted teeth after at least 1 year in function.

Materials and methods
All consecutive patients who had undergone tooth autotransplantation between 2000 and 2018 were invited to a clinical and radiographic follow-up examination. First, survival rates were calculated on the basis of a phone inquiry. A clinical follow-up examination allowed for the calculation of the success rate, i.e., absence of any potentially adverse clinical and radiographic findings of the autotransplanted teeth. Moreover, the effect of demographic, dental, and surgical variables on survival/success was analyzed statistically.

Results
Thirty-eight teeth in 35 patients were transplanted during the study period. Three teeth in 3 patients were excluded due to missing records. All other patients were successfully contacted and interviewed by phone. Out of these 35 transplants, 32 were still in function, and 3 had been extracted, yielding a 91.4% survival probability after a median follow-up of 3.4 years. Of the 32 teeth qualifying for the success analysis, 20 (62.5%) showed absence of potentially adverse findings, while 3 (9.4%) required root canal treatment (RCT). Out of the 9 mature, root-end resected transplants, 4 exhibited ongoing pulp canal obliteration, all with a single root canal. Postoperative and potentially adverse findings or failures were found more frequently in the group of mature transplants (55.6%) than immature transplants (30.4%) and for molars (72.7%) than premolars (17.6%) or canines (25%). None of the potential predictors had a statistically significant effect on survival or success.

Conclusion
Autotransplanted teeth yielded a satisfying midterm survival rate regardless of their stage of development. An additional, extraoral root-end resection of mature transplants may lead to rates of revascularization and postoperative pulp canal obliteration higher than the data reported on unmodified mature transplants.

Clinical relevance
Extraoral root-end resection of mature teeth shows promising outcomes for transplants especially with a single root canal and uncomplicated root morphology.
Long-Term Responses of Mediterranean Mountain Forests to Climate Change, Fire and Human Activities in the Northern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Morales-Molino César , Steffen Marianne , Samartin Stéphanie , van Leeuwen Jaqueline F. N. , Hürlimann Daniel , Vescovi Elisa , Tinner Willy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFagus sylvatica (beech) dominates the montane forests of the Apennines and builds old-growth high-conservation value stands. However, recent severe drought-induced diebacks raise concern on the future persistence of these forests and of Southern European mesophilous woodlands overall, growing at their dry edge. To explore the history of Apennine beech-dominated forests, we draw on the multiproxy paleoecological record from Lago Verdarolo, which includes a robust vegetation-independent temperature reconstruction. Numerical techniques are used to investigate the drivers of long-term Mediterranean mountain forest dynamics. Specifically, we focus on disentangling the ecological factors that caused the shift from high-diversity mixed forests to beech-dominated stands and on assessing the occurrence of legacy effects on present-day forests. Abrupt climate change largely drove vegetation dynamics during the Late Glacial and Early Holocene. Species-rich mixed Abies alba (silver fir) forests dominated about 10,500—5500 years ago, under rather dry and warmer-than-today conditions (+ 1—2 °C) and limited fire occurrence. Cooler and moister summers and increasing fire activity caused declines in several fire-sensitive temperate deciduous trees (for example, Ulmus, Tilia, Fraxinus) and favored the establishment of fir-beech forests around 5500 years ago. Further enhancement of fire activity and farming around 2000 years ago led to local Abies alba extinction and forest impoverishment. We conclude that the currently widespread monospecific Apennine beech forests are the result of multi-millennial land-use intensification superimposed on Late Holocene cooling and moistening. Given their higher drought-tolerance compared to beech stands, reviving ancient species-rich mixed fir forests represents a feasible and ‘tested’ possibility to adapt forests to climate change.
Endodontic regeneration: hard shell, soft core
Authors: Widbiller Matthias , Schmalz Gottfried 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA loss of organs or the destruction of tissue leaves wounds to which organisms and living things react differently. Their response depends on the extent of damage, the functional impairment and the biological potential of the organism. Some can completely regenerate lost body parts or tissues, whereas others react by forming scars in the sense of a tissue repair. Overall, the regenerative capacities of the human body are limited and only a few tissues are fully restored when injured. Dental tissues may suffer severe damage due to various influences such as caries or trauma; however, dental care aims at preserving unharmed structures and, thus, the functionality of the teeth. The dentin–pulp complex, a vital compound tissue that is enclosed by enamel, holds many important functions and is particularly worth protecting. It reacts physiologically to deleterious impacts with an interplay of regenerative and reparative processes to ensure its functionality and facilitate healing. While there were initially no biological treatment options available for the irreversible destruction of dentin or pulp, many promising approaches for endodontic regeneration based on the principles of tissue engineering have been developed in recent years. This review describes the regenerative and reparative processes of the dentin–pulp complex as well as the morphological criteria of possible healing results. Furthermore, it summarizes the current knowledge on tissue engineering of dentin and pulp, and potential future developments in this thriving field.
Multi-tree cut-to-length harvesting of short-rotation poplar plantations
Authors: Magagnotti Natascia , Spinelli Raffaele , Kärhä Kalle , Mederski Piotr S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSmall tree size represents the main challenge when designing a cost-effective harvesting system for European short-rotation plantations. This challenge is further complicated by the need to obtain 4-m logs for high-end products, which rules out the possibility of deploying whole-tree chipping. Both challenges can be met through mass or multi-tree handling (MTH), which must begin at the time of felling and continue uninterrupted along the whole supply chain. The objective was to: (1) gauge the productivity and the cost of CTL harvesting applied to these plantations; (2) assess log yield and capacity to match dimensional specifications; (3) determine if MTH applied to CTL technology offers a real benefit compared with conventional single-tree handling. The authors conducted a time study using a block design with a two-machine cut-to-length harvesting system (i.e. harvester and forwarder) in single- and multi-tree handling operations on the clear cutting of a hybrid poplar plantation in Poland, as well as we manually measured the produced volumes of the study. Higher productivity (+ 8%) was achieved under the multi-stem handling mode. The MTH system proved capable of containing harvesting costs below € 15 per green ton, while fulfilling set timber quality requirements in terms of value recovery and log quality specifications. A new, software-based, MTH system is recommended to be used in short-rotation poplar plantation for logs and biomass harvesting. When the coppicing season is over, the system can be deployed for the conventional thinning operations.
Genomics and Epigenomics in Parathyroid Neoplasia: from Bench to Surgical Pathology Practice
Authors: Juhlin C. Christofer , Erickson Lori A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe majority of parathyroid disease encountered in routine practice is due to single parathyroid adenoma, of which the majority arise as sporadic tumors. This is usually a straightforward diagnosis in endocrine pathology when in the appropriate clinical setting, although subsets of cases will exhibit atypical histological features that may warrant additional immunohistochemical and genetic analyses to estimate the malignant potential. Parathyroid carcinomas on the other hand, are bona fide malignant tumors characterized by their unequivocal invasion demonstrated through routine histology or metastasis. The ultimate endpoint for any molecular marker discovered through laboratory investigations is to be introduced in clinical routine practice and guide the surgical pathologist in terms of diagnostics and prognostication. For parathyroid tumors, the two main diagnostic challenges include the distinction between parathyroid adenoma and parathyroid carcinoma, as well as the pinpointing of hereditable disease for familial screening purposes. While numerous markers on genetic, epigenetic, and protein levels have been proposed as discriminative in these aspects, this review aims to condense the scientific coverage of these enigmatic topics and to propose a focused surgical pathology approach to the subject.
Backbone and nearly complete side-chain chemical shift assignments of the human death-associated protein 1 (DAP1)
Authors: Wiedemann Christoph , Voigt Johanna , Jirschitzka Jan , Häfner Sabine , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Bordusa Frank 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeath-associated protein 1 (DAP1) is a proline-rich cytoplasmatic protein highly conserved in most eukaryotes. It has been reported to be involved in controlling cell growth and migration, autophagy and apoptosis. The presence of human DAP1 is associated to a favourable prognosis in different types of cancer. Here we describe the almost complete $${{^{1}}\text {H}}$$

1

H

, $${{^{13}}\text {C}}$$

13

C

, and $${{^{15}}\text {N}}$$

15

N

chemical shift assignments of the human DAP1. The limited spectral dispersion, mainly in the $${{^{1}}\text {H}{^{\text{N}}}}$$

1

H

N

region, and the lack of defined secondary structure elements, predicted based on chemical shifts, identifies human DAP1 as an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). This work lays the foundation for further structural investigations, dynamic studies, mapping of potential interaction partners or drug screening and development.
Stereographic Reconstruction of Impact Microstructures using Optical and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Agarwal Amar , Reznik Boris , Srivastava Deepak C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study reconstructs the pre-impact orientation of impact-generated μm-sized microstructures. The approach is illustrated using a sample from the basement dolerites of the Lockne impact structure, Sweden. Under the polarised light microscope, the microstructure appears as alternating augite-plagioclase wedges. The top-view of the microstructure is presented in the polished thin-section using light and scanning electron microscopy, while, the side-view is observed in focused-ion-beam trenches in a field emission scanning electron microscope. The top- and side view of the wedges are projected on a stereo net, which allows the determination of their 3D orientation. The wedges are thus found to have a dip of 08° towards 280°. The stereo net projections are then used to reconstruct the orientation of pre-impact boundary between augite-plagioclase, which had a dip of 15° towards 237°. This approach of combining light and electron microscopy with FIB trenching and projecting the data on a stereo net can be especially useful for reconstructing the pre-deformed state of impact-induced or tectonic μm-sized microstructures, which cannot be adequately analysed using a light microscope.