bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment of ovaries with collagenase before vitrification keeps the ovarian reserve by maintaining cell-cell adhesion integrity in ovarian follicles
Authors: Kawai Tomoko , Shimada Masayuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe mammalian ovarian follicle is comprised of the germ cell or oocyte surrounded by the somatic cells, the granulosa and theca cells. The ovarian stroma, including the collagen-rich matrix that supports the three-dimensional disk-like follicular structure, impacts the integrity of the ovarian follicle and is essential for follicular development. Maintaining follicular integrity during cryopreservation has remained a limiting factor in preserving ovarian tissues for transplantation because a significant proportion of developed follicles in the frozen-thawed ovaries undergo atresia after transplantation. In this study, we show for the first time that during vitrification of the mouse ovary, the attachment of the oocyte to the granulosa cells was impaired by the loss of the cadherin adhesion molecules. Importantly, exposure to a high osmotic solution greatly decreased the ratio of oocyte diameter to the diameter of its follicle but did not alter the collagen-rich matrix surrounding the follicles. By treating ovaries briefly with collagenase before exposure to the hyper-osmotic solution the ratio of oocyte diameter to follicle diameter was maintained, and cadherin adhesion junctions were preserved. When frozen-thawed ovaries were transplanted to the bursa of recipient hosts, pretreatment with collagenase significantly increased serum levels of AMH, the number of intact follicles and the total number of viable offspring compared to frozen-thawed ovaries without collagenase pretreatment, even 6 months after transplantation. Thus, the collagenase pretreatment could provide a beneficial approach for maintaining the functions and viability of cryopreserved ovaries in other species and clinically relevant situations.
Orthosteric muscarinic receptor activation by the insect repellent IR3535 opens new prospects in insecticide-based vector control
Authors: Moreau Eléonore , Mikulska-Ruminska Karolina , Goulu Mathilde , Perrier Stéphane , Deshayes Caroline , Stankiewicz Maria , Apaire-Marchais Véronique , Nowak Wieslaw , Lapied Bruno 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe insect repellent IR3535 is one of the important alternative in the fight against mosquito-borne disease such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we propose the development of an innovative insecticide-based vector control strategy using an unexplored property of IR3535. We have demonstrated that in insect neurosecretory cells, very low concentration of IR3535 induces intracellular calcium rise through cellular mechanisms involving orthosteric/allosteric sites of the M1-muscarinic receptor subtype, G protein βγ subunits, background potassium channel inhibition generating depolarization, which induces voltage-gated calcium channel activation. The resulting internal calcium concentration elevation increases nicotinic receptor sensitivity to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid. The synergistic interaction between IR3535 and thiacloprid contributes to significantly increase the efficacy of the treatment while reducing concentrations. In this context, IR3535, used as a synergistic agent, seems to promise a new approach in the optimization of the integrated vector management for vector control.
Hemodynamic effects of Vernakalant in cardio-surgical ICU-patients treated for recent-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation
Authors: Schnaubelt S. , Niederdöckl J. , Simon A. , Schütz N. , Holaubek C. , Edlinger-Stanger M. , Niessner A. , Steinlechner B. , Sulzgruber P. , Spiel A. O. , Domanovits H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPostoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most frequent complications after cardiothoracic surgery and a predictor for postoperative mortality and prolonged ICU-stay. Current guidelines suggest the multi-channel inhibitor Vernakalant as a treatment option for rhythm control. However, rare cases of severe hypotension and cardiogenic shock following drug administration have been reported. To elucidate the impact of Vernakalant on hemodynamics, we included ten ICU patients developing POAF after elective cardiac surgery, all of them awake and breathing spontaneously, in this prospective trial. Patients received the recommended dosage of Vernakalant and were clinically observed and monitored (heart rate, invasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry, central venous pressure) in 1-minute-intervals for 20 minutes before- and 120 minutes after the first dose of Vernakalant. The median time from the end of surgery until occurrence of POAF amounted up to 52.8 [45.9–77.4] hours, it took 3.5 [1.2–10.1] hours from occurrence of POAF until the first application of Vernakalant. All patients received catecholamine support with epinephrine that was held steady and not dynamic throughout the observational phase. We noted stable hemodynamic conditions, with a trend towards a reduction in heart rate throughout the 120 minutes after drug administration. In 7 patients (70%), conversion to sustained sinus rhythm (SR) occurred within 8.0 minutes [6.0–9.0]. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were noted during the observation period. In this prospective trial in ICU-patients showing POAF after cardiac surgery, intravenous Vernakalant did not induce clinically relevant negative effects on patients’ hemodynamics but resulted in conversion to sustained SR after a median of 8.0 minutes in 7 out of ten patients.
Measurement of Brillouin gain spectrum with dual‐frequency laser for optical fibre sensor
Authors: Salhi M. , Kemlin V. , Faci S. , Baili G. , Khadour A. , Mostarshedi S. , Billabert A.‐L. 
Published: April 2020

In this Letter, the authors present a first measurement of Brillouin gain spectrum with dual‐frequency solid‐state laser. This allows a coherent detection of the Brillouin backscattered spectrum in a frequency range below the hundreds of MHz by fine‐tuning of the difference between the two cross‐polarised fields emitted by the laser. The photodetection at low‐frequency benefits from the balanced detection technique where high dynamic range measurements are largely available. The narrow line‐width of the cross‐polarised field permits also the direct measurement of the Brillouin spectrum line‐width. The system is demonstrated by measuring the Brillouin frequency shift with temperature when standard single‐mode fibre‐28 (SMF‐28) and large effective area fibre (LEAF) are fully heated. This gives temperature coefficients close to theoretical expectations with values of 1.16 MHz/°C for SMF‐28 and 1.15 MHz/°C for LEAF.
Quantitative assessment of water content and mineral abundances at Gale crater on Mars with orbital observations
Authors: Liu Yang , Stachurski Federico , Liu Zhenghao , Zou Yongliao 
Published: April 2020

Context. The information of water content can help to improve atmospheric and climate models, and thus provide a better understanding of the past and present role of water and aqueous alteration on Mars. Mineral abundances can provide unique constraints on their formation environments and thus also on the geological and climate evolution of Mars.
Aims. In this study, we used a state-of-the-art approach to derive the hydration state and mineral abundances over Gale crater on Mars, analysing hyperspectral visible/near-infrared data from the Observatoire pour la Minéralogie, l’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activité (OMEGA) instrument onboard Mars Express and from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Methods. The Discrete Ordinate Transfer model was used to perform atmospheric and thermal correction of the OMEGA and CRISM hyperspectral data in order to derive the surface single scattering albedos (SSAs) at Gale crater, Mars. Water content was estimated using a linear relationship between the derived effective single-particle absorption thickness at 2.9 μm from SSAs and the water weight percentage. Mineral abundances were retrieved by performing the linear spectral unmixing of SSAs from CRISM data. The results were compared with the ground-truth results returned from Curiosity rover.
Results. The water content for most areas at Gale crater derived using the OMEGA data is around 2–3 water weight percent (water wt % hereafter), which is in agreement with that derived from the in situ measurements by Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at Mars instrument. However, the sensitivity tests show that uncertainties exist due to the combination of several factors including modelling bias, instrumental issue, and different sensing techniques. The derived mineral abundances using the orbital data are not fully consistent with that derived by Curiosity, and the discrepancy may be due to a combination of dust cover, texture, and particle size effects, as well as the effectiveness of the quantitative model.
Conclusions. The ground-truth data from Curiosity provide a critical calibration point for the quantitative method used in the orbital remote-sensing observations. Our analysis indicates that the method presented here has great potential for mapping the water content and mineral abundances on Mars, but caution must be taken when using these abundance results for geological interpretations.
Mapping the working of environmental effects in A963
Authors: Deshev Boris , Haines Christopher , Hwang Ho Seong , Finoguenov Alexis , Taylor Rhys , Orlitova Ivana , Einasto Maret , Ziegler Bodo 
Published: April 2020

Aims. We qualitatively assess and map the relative contribution of pre-processing and cluster related processes to the build-up of A963, a massive cluster at z = 0.2 showing an unusually high fraction of star forming galaxies in its interior.
Methods. We use Voronoi binning of positions of cluster members on the plane of the sky in order to map the 2D variations of galaxy properties in the centre and infall region of A963. We map four galaxy parameters (fraction of star forming galaxies, specific star formation rate, H I deficiency and age of the stellar population) based on full SED fitting, 21 cm imaging and optical spectroscopy.
Results. We find an extended region dominated by passive galaxies along a north–south axis crossing the cluster centre, possibly associated with known filaments of the large-scale structure. There are signs that the passive galaxies in this region were quenched long before their arrival in the vicinity of the cluster. Contrary to that, to the east and west of the cluster centre lie regions of recent accretion dominated by gas rich, actively star forming galaxies not associated with any substructure or filament. The few passive galaxies in this region appear to be recently quenched, and some gas rich galaxies show signs of ongoing ram-pressure stripping. We report the first tentative observations at 21 cm of ongoing ram-pressure stripping at z = 0.2, as well as observed inflow of low-entropy gas into the cluster along filaments of the large-scale structure.
Conclusions. The observed galaxy content of A963 is a result of strongly anisotropic accretion of galaxies with different properties. Gas rich, star forming galaxies are being accreted from the east and west of the cluster and these galaxies are being quenched at r <  R200, likely by ram-pressure stripping. The bulk of the accretion onto the cluster, containing multiple groups, happens along the north–south axis and brings mostly passive galaxies, likely quenched before entering A963.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPERDISINTEGRANTS USING ANTIEMETIC DRUG AS A MODEL
Authors: Sandeep D S , Charyulu R Narayana , Nayak Prashant 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present investigation comparison of three different superdisintegrants was carried out by formulating orally disintegrating tablets. Promethazine HCl was used as model drug which is an antiemetic drug. Sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose and crospovidone were selected as superdisintegrants and each one was used in three different concentrations (2%, 3.5% and 5%). The drug-polymer compatibility was ruled out by FTIR studies. A total of nine formulations (PF1-PF9) were made by direct compression. All prepared formulations were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content, disintegration time, wetting time and in vitro drug release parameters. The results of the evaluation parameters for all the nine formulations of promethazine HCl were within the standard limits. The in vitro drug release for promethazine HCl tablets of all the formulations (PF1-PF9) was carried out using phosphate buffer pH 6.8 as dissolution medium. Among all the formulations the tablets formulated with crospovidone (PF7-PF9) have shown 91.43 - 98.43% (maximum) drug release at the end of 10 min than sodium starch glycolate and croscarmellose, hence from the present work, it concluded that among three superdisintegrants crospovidone is the ideal superdisintegrant for formulating oral disintegrating tablets for promethazine HCl.
VARIATION IN THE STRUCTURE OF LEVATOR GLANDULAE THYROIDEA – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Y. Raghavendra A , Kumar Vishal , V. Vinay Kumar , R. Harsha C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe thyroid gland is an important and easily approachable endocrine gland, situated in the lower part of anterior aspect of neck. The Levator glandulae thyroidea (LGT) is a fibro-musculo-glandular band. It is usually present on the left side connecting the pyramidal lobe of thyroid gland to the hyoid bone. During the routine dissection of neck it was observed that the LGT was present on the right side of midline of neck extending from pyramidal lobe of the right side of isthmus of thyroid gland to the inferior border of hyoid bone. It was muscular throughout with 6.5cm in length, 1.5cm breadth and 1.75mm in its thickness. This is a rare variation in the morphology and situation of LGT observed for the first time. The presence of LGT and its anatomical variations gain importance in the pathologies related to thyroid gland and their treatment modalities.
STRESS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SELECTED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN
Authors: Pais Maria , Noronhna Judith A , K. Pavan Bhat 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Stress is a complex, dynamic process of interaction between a person and his or her life. It is the war one reacts physically, mentally and emotionally to the various conditions. The purpose of the present study was to investigate stress, its relationships with selected factors among women.
Study Design: A descriptive survey design was used to identify the stress and its relationship with selected factors among (200) women
aged 18-45 years.
Results: The present study reveals that level of stress was high among unmarried women (85%) when compared to married women (76%). The present study also revealed that there was a significant association between stress and age, age at menarche, education, BMI and dysmenorrhea among the married and unmarried women.
Conclusions: Stress was more prevalent among unmarried women, age, educational status, age at menarche; BMI and dysmenorrhea were strongly associated with stress.
Awareness of basic life support (BLS) among Dental interns and Dental practitioners
Authors: Mohan Muralee , Sharma S. M. , Shetty Tripthi , Gupta Prabhakar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is important that every member of the community be trained in effective BLS technique to save lives. At least doctors including medical, dental and paramedical staff should be trained in CPR, as it is a basic medical skill which can save many lives if implemented timely.
Aim: To assess the awareness of Basic Life Support (BLS) among dental interns and dental practitioners in Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during November-December 2014 among dental interns and dental practitioners. This study was conducted by assessing response to twenty selected multiple choice questions pertaining to BLS among dental interns and dental practitioners. The results are present in the form of frequency and percentages.
Statistical Analysis:The data was collected and analyzed using software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0.
Result: In this study one hundred and twenty five responders were included them, 70(56%) were interns (Bachelor in dental surgery) and remaining 55(44%) were dental practitioners. Surprisingly none out of one hundred and twenty five had the complete knowledge of BLS. Looking closely at the individual groups dental practitioners scored 61.5%, as being aware with the BLS knowledge and skills but needs to be updated with change in protocols done by American Heart Association after every time period and sadly dental interns score 41.2% which shows that BLS course should be considered for inclusion in the Bachelor in dental surgery curriculum
Conclusions: This study suggests that dental interns and dental practitioners may not be adequately prepared in the management of medical emergencies and should improve the knowledge and skills regarding BLS.
Oral cancer awareness in rural Karnataka - are they aware?
Authors: S. Gopinath Thilak P. , D'leema Renita , Kamath Vinayak 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe statistical data of cancer, globally, shows that India has one of the highest incidence rates of oral cancer worldwide. Early detection is extremely important as it results in lower morbidity and death rates. The present study was undertaken to assess awareness of oral cancer and knowledge of its early signs and riskfactors in the general public of rural Karnataka (India). It was also intended to educate the rural population for early detection by increasing their ability to recognize signs and risk factors. A systematic questionnaire was formatted related to oral cancer and cancer patients. A total of 267 people were randomly selected and questionnaires were distributed to 3 different rural areas of Dakshina Kannada district (Karnataka). The results were obtained and the level of oral cancer awareness in the rural population was studied.
Faulty ribosomes and human diseases: mistakes in “assembly line” going unnoticed ?
Authors: Chakraborty Anirban , Karunasagar Indrani 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRibosomes are molecular machineries that decode the information within mRNAs and generate all the proteins required for cellular activities. Ribosomes are essential to every living organism. The synthesis of ribosome is an intricate process, which is carried out in multiple steps throughout the cell in a highly coordinated fashion. For many years, the general perception was that any defects in the “ribosome assembly line” would have fatal consequences on cell. However, it has now become clear that production of defective ribosomes does not lead to lethality in human embryos. Rather, it manifests as specific disease conditions called ribosomopathies, which are rare genetic disorders affecting the bone marrow. This group of diseases has received considerable attention in recent years because of the mystery associated with them i.e. the tissue-specific nature of the clinical phenotypes despite the fact that the genes mutated in patients code for proteins that are absolutely essential and are housekeeping in nature. Despite considerable progress in understanding these diseases, it still remains unclear why defects in the production of a macromolecule as indispensable and as ubiquitous as the ribosome go unnoticed and why the effects are not universal but rather are restricted to specific cell types. This review is aimed at introducing the readers to important ribosomopathies with a brief description about the clinical symptoms, molecular genetics, and the treatments strategies.
Restoration of highly mutilated endodontically treated multi-rooted teeth using customized interlocking post & core : A case report
Authors: Jain Ajay , Bhat Vinaya , Sridevi Ugrappa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn endodontically treated teeth should have a good prognosis. It can resume full function and serve satisfactorily as an abutment for a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) or a removable partial dental prosthesis. However, special techniques are needed to restore such a tooth. There are various techniques of post and core advocated in the literature. This case report presents the restoration of highly mutilated endodontically treated multi-rooted teeth using customized interlocking post and core technique.
A cross sectional study on community prevalence and treatment practice of hypertension with household awareness about it in semi urban Mangalore - A pilot study
Authors: N. Navya , Kundapur Rashmi , Kiran N. Udaya 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Hypertension, also known as high or raised blood pressure, is a global public health issue and is the major contributory factor for the burden of heart disease, stroke, renal failure, premature mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Objective : 1. To determine the community prevalence of hypertension.2. To Assess the Household Awareness Of hypertension.3. To study the pattern and regularity of treatment in hypertensives.
Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in 40 Households of Grama-Kshema Project in Kuthar and Manjanady villages (semi urban ) which belong to the field practice area of K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore. A structured Questionnaire was used to collect data. Questions on awareness were scored and analyzed.
Result: The community prevalence of hypertension among the households surveyed was 9.6 percent out of which 12.5 % were female and 5.9 % were male. Among them 46.7% were in the age group 51-70 years, 40% in the age group 31-50 years and 13.3% in the age group above 70 years.40 % of hypertensive visit their doctor on monthly basis.66.7% of the hypertensives visit private dispensary for their treatment and follow up. 93.3% are on anti-hypertensives of which 33.3 % use calcium channel blockers. Awareness scoring showed that 40% had poor score and 37.5 % average score.
Conclusion: In the present study the prevalence of hypertension was found to be low. Among those diagnosed of hypertension, majority of them were females. Most of the hypertensive's visit private dispensaries on monthly basis. Awareness of Hypertension among the households was poor.