bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival rates of head and neck cancers in Ghana: a retrospective study at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital
Authors: Owusu-Afriyie Osei , Owiredu W. K. B. A. , Oti Alexander Acheampong , Acheampong Emmanuel , Owusu-Danquah Kwabena , Larsen-Reindorf Rita , Fondjo Linda Ahenkorah , Adu Evans Asamoah , Donkor Sampson , Donkor Peter 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
Data was collected to evaluate the survival rates of head and neck (conjunctiva, oropharyngeal and non-oropharyngeal) squamous cell carcinomas in Ghana.

Data description
We provided data on a retrospective review of 8 years (January 2004 to December 2009) survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The data consist of patient demographic data and clinicopathological findings which includes tumour site, tumour stage and histological grades of the patients. Clinical outcome measurement was death through to January 2013 on record and confirmed from the hospitals birth and death registry department. More than 85% of death cases were confirmed by gender, age, and folder identification numbers from the birth and death registry.
Immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 in Sudanese patients diagnosed with malignant female reproductive tract tumors
Authors: Ali Eman T. , Mohamed Nouh S. , Shafig Irene R. , Muneer Mohamed S. , Yosif Abubaker Ahmed , Hassan Lamis Ahmed , Mohamed Areeg M. , Ahmed Ayman , Siddig Emmanuel E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Paired box protein-8 (PAX-8) immunohistochemical expression can be used as a diagnostic marker for epithelial cells tumors. This study aimed at investigating the immunohistochemical expression of PAX-8 among Sudanese females diagnosed with cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers between December 2017 and May 2019 by studying their Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks.

Results
Sixty patients diagnosed with female reproductive tract cancers were included who aged 58.7 ± 6.9 years (range, 43—71). Cervix was the most common cancer site in 51/60 (85%) patients. Regarding cancer stage, there was 17 (28%) and 14 (23%) of the study population had stage 3B and 2B, respectively. The histopathological diagnosis included 20 (44%), 13 (29%), and 12 (27%) poorly, moderately, and well differentiated cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as well as 11 (73%), 2 (13%), 1 (7%), and 1 (7%) endometrial adenocarcinoma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, and ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, respectively. PAX-8 was positively expressed in 9 endometrial adenocarcinoma, 1 endocervical adenocarcinoma and 1 ovarian mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma, 2 poorly, and 1 moderately differentiated SCC. All patients diagnosed with well differentiated SCC and metastatic adenocarcinoma showed no expression of PAX-8. A statistically significant was seen for PAX-8 expression and the different histopathological diagnosis, P value < 0.001.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium inhibits the innate immune response and promotes apoptosis in a ribosomal/TRP53-dependent manner in swine neutrophils
Authors: Huang Tinghua , Jiang Caiyun , Yang Min , Xiao Hong , Huang Xiali , Wu Lingbo , Yao Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeutrophils are the first barriers for resisting the invasion, proliferation, and damage caused by Salmonella Typhimurium. However, the mechanisms that control this resistance are not completely understood. In this study, we established an in vitro Salmonella infection model in porcine neutrophils, and analyzed the cellular transcriptome by deep sequencing and flow cytometry. The results showed that ribosomal gene transcription was inhibited, and two of these genes, RPL39 and RPL9, were related to TRP53 activation. Furthermore, several important innate immunity genes were also inhibited. Knock-down of RPL39 and RPL9 by siRNA caused an approximate fourfold up-regulation of TRP53. Knock-down of RPL39 and RPL9 also resulted in a significant down-regulation of IFNG and TNF, indicating an inhibition of the innate immune response. Silencing of RPL39 and RPL9 also resulted in the up-regulation of FAS, RB1, CASP6, and GADD45A, which play roles in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Neutrophils were either first treated with RPL39 siRNA, RPL9 siRNA, TRP53 activator, or TRP53 inhibitor, and then infected with Salmonella. Knock-down of RPL39 and RPL9, or treatment with TRP53 activator, can increase the intracellular proliferation of Salmonella in neutrophils. We speculate that much of the Salmonella virulence can be attributed to the enhancement of cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of the innate immune response, which allows the bacteria to successfully proliferate intracellularly.
Suppression of hyaluronidase reduces invasion and establishment of Haemonchus contortus larvae in sheep
Authors: Yang Xiangshu , Khan Sawar , Zhao Xiaochao , Zhang Jiayan , Nisar Ayesha , Feng Xingang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHaemonchus contortus is a hematophagous endoparasite of small ruminants, which is responsible for huge economic losses in livestock sector. Hyaluronidase produced by infective larvae of H. contortus can degrade hyaluronic acid present in the host’s abomasal tissue. Thus, it facilitates larval tissue invasion and early establishment. We herein explored this ability of hyaluronidase in H. contortus, and tested whether hyaluronidase is utilized as a virulence factor by H. contortus while establishing the infection. We first successfully blocked the hyaluronidase gene in L3 larvae by RNA interference (RNAi), which was subsequently confirmed by qPCR, enzymatic activity, and immunohistochemistry assays. Using these larvae we then conducted in vivo and in vitro assays on sheep to assess the effects of hyaluronidase suppression on larval invasion and establishment of infection. The in vivo assay showed a significant drop in worm burden in siRNA treated group in comparison to control group. During in vitro assay we applied an ovine ex vivo model where siRNA treated group of larvae showed significantly reduced invasion of the abomasal tissue explants as compared to control group. These findings indicate that hyaluronidase plays a key role in host’s tissue invasion and larval establishment, and it is used as a virulence factor by H. contortus while establishing the infection. As an invasive virulence molecule, its functional research is thus conducive to the prevention of haemonchosis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on core strength training of aerobics based on artificial intelligence and sensor network
Authors: Jia Liqiang , Li Lingshu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe traditional training system based on case teaching is according to the analysis of past competitions and training cases to carry out the strength training of aerobics special movements. The training results cannot be evaluated intelligently and accurately, and the performance of dynamic analysis is poor. To address this problem, the core training system of strength quality of aerobics special movements based on artificial intelligence is designed to realize the intelligent training of the strength quality of aerobics special movements. Through the study of fuzzy paradigm system, intelligent functions such as optimization and decision-making of intelligent fuzzy network are realized. The design system architecture framework includes the modules of sensor, receiver, database, and analysis decision. The core chip of the system is the main control module of Atmega1280 MCU for man-machine interaction, so as to realize the comprehensive training of the strength quality of aerobics special movements. Information collection module is used to collect information on strength training information such as instrument, movement, and language. The problem of phase distortion in signal transmission process is processed by FIR filter. Through information management module, trainee information management and training results statistics and queries are implemented. In the system software part, the system software structure diagram and system startup and landing procedure are given. By analyzing the working process of the module, the strength of aerobics special movements is analyzed. Experimental results show that the designed system can achieve real-time and stable strength training for aerobics special movements and improve training efficiency.
Existence of fractional order semianalytical results for enzyme kinetics model
Authors: Alrabaiah Hussam , Ali Amjad , Haq Fazal , Shah Kamal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis research work investigates the existence of semianalytical solutions of a chemical kinematics model. We develop the conditions for the existence of the solutions for a proposed enzyme kinetics model, via tools of the fixed point theory. The semianalytical results were obtained with the help of Laplace transformation and Adomian decomposition method. The results established by the proposed techniques are in the form of infinite series. Furthermore, with extending homotopy perturbation method (HPM), we develop a series solutions for the considered model. By using Matlab, we present the approximate solution for both methods up to a few series terms.
South American auroral reports during the Carrington storm
Authors: Hayakawa Hisashi , Ribeiro José R. , Ebihara Yusuke , Correia Ana P. , Sôma Mitsuru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe importance of the investigation of magnetic superstorms is not limited to academic interest, because these superstorms can cause catastrophic impact on the modern civilisation due to our increasing dependency on technological infrastructure. In this context, the Carrington storm in September 1859 is considered as a benchmark of observational history owing to its magnetic disturbance and equatorial extent of the auroral oval. So far, several recent auroral reports at that time have been published but those reports are mainly derived from the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, we analyse datable auroral reports from South America and its vicinity, assess the auroral extent using philological and astrometric approaches, identify the auroral visibility at − 17.3° magnetic latitude and further poleward and reconstruct the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval to be 25.1° ± 0.5° in invariant latitude. Interestingly, brighter and more colourful auroral displays were reported in the South American sector than in the Northern Hemisphere. This north–south asymmetry is presumably associated with variations of their magnetic longitude and the weaker magnetic field over South America compared to the magnetic conjugate point and the increased amount of magnetospheric electron precipitation into the upper atmosphere. These results attest that the magnitude of the Carrington storm indicates that its extent falls within the range of other superstorms, such as those that occurred in May 1921 and February 1872, in terms of the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval.
Web-based adaptive presentation techniques to enhance learning outcomes in higher education
Authors: Elmabaredy Ahmed , Elkholy Ebada , Tolba Abdul-Aziz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop and compare two different techniques of adaptive presentation techniques (adaptive multimedia/ frames). Moreover, this study aimed at investigating the effect of both treatments on improving learning outcomes. The participants are two experimental groups: Group A (n = 35) were taught content through the multimedia-based technique, and group B (n = 35) were taught content through the frame-based technique. The results showed that the adaptive presentation techniques have an effect on enhancing students’ learning outcomes. Also, the comparison of the techniques showed a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups in favor of group A. The study concluded that the adaptive multimedia-based technique showed higher impact relatively than the frame-based technique. In light of these results, it is recommended that an expansion of the use of web-based adaptive presentation techniques WAPT for enhancing students’ learning in higher education is needed.
Content validity of patient-reported outcomes for use in lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Trudeau Jeremiah J. , He Jianming , Rose Esther , Panter Charlotte , Randhawa Sharan , Gater Adam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The lower-risk (low and intermediate-1 risk based on IPSS) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has a negative impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) instruments, which are used to collect patients’ HRQoL data, should have established content validity in the target population to ensure that the instrument is comprehensive and comprehensible. The present study was conducted to evaluate the content validity of the Quality of Life in Myelodysplasia Scale (QUALMS) and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Anemia (FACT-An) PRO instruments in patients with lower-risk MDS.

Methods
In this cross-sectional, qualitative study, 16 patients aged ≥18 years with lower-risk MDS, who were RBC transfusion dependent, literate and fluent in US-English were interviewed. Interviews were semi-structured comprising of two parts: concept elicitation (CE) explored symptoms and impacts important to patients, and cognitive debriefing (CD) assessed understanding and relevance of the QUALMS and FACT-An. A conceptual model was developed, which was used to map the concepts that emerged during CE onto the QUALMS and FACT-An to assess concept coverage and suitability of the instruments.

Results
The median age of participants was 67.5 years (range: 51–91), with half being female (n = 8). Nine (56.2%) participants had intermediate-1-risk MDS and 10 (62.5%) were relapsed or refractory to erythropoiesis-stimulating agent treatment. Fatigue/tiredness (100.0%), shortness of breath (87.5%), weakness (81.2%), and low energy (75.0%) were reported most commonly and were the most bothersome symptoms as well. Of seven high-level HRQoL domains identified, activities of daily living (n = 16, 100.0%), physical functioning (n = 15, 93.8%), emotional wellbeing (n = 13, 81.3%), social functioning (n = 12, 75.0%), sleep disturbance (n = 9, 56.3%), and impact on work (n = 9, 56.3%) were the most commonly reported. For CD, the QUALMS and FACT-An were found to be mostly relevant and very well understood; response options were easy to use, and recall period was appropriate.

Conclusion
Both QUALMS and FACT-An demonstrated a strong face and content validity in patients with lower-risk MDS, suggesting that these instruments are appropriate for assessing HRQoL in this population.
Strategies to target long non-coding RNAs in cancer treatment: progress and challenges
Authors: Fathi Dizaji Behdokht 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression and diverse biological processes. Their aberrant expression contributes to a verity of diseases including cancer development and progression, providing them with great potential to be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Therefore, they can have a key role in personalized cancer medicine.
This review aims at introducing possible strategies to target long ncRNAs therapeutically in cancer. Also, chemical modification of nucleic acid-based therapeutics to improve their pharmacological properties is explained. Then, approaches for the systematic delivery of reagents into the tumor cells or organs are briefly discussed, followed by describing obstacles to the expansion of the therapeutics.

Main text
Long ncRNAs function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, whose activity can modulate all hallmarks of cancer. They are expressed in a very restricted spatial and temporal pattern and can be easily detected in the cells or biological fluids of patients. These properties make them excellent targets for the development of anticancer drugs. Targeting methods aim to attenuate oncogenic lncRNAs or interfere with lncRNA functions to prevent carcinogenesis. Numerous strategies including suppression of oncogenic long ncRNAs, alternation of their epigenetic effects, interfering with their function, restoration of downregulated or lost long ncRNAs, and recruitment of long ncRNAs regulatory elements and expression patterns are recommended for targeting long ncRNAs therapeutically in cancer. These approaches have shown inhibitory effects on malignancy. In this regard, proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells have been inhibited and apoptosis has been induced in different cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Downregulation of oncogenic long ncRNAs and upregulation of some growth factors (e.g., neurotrophic factor) have been achieved.

Conclusions
Targeting long non-coding RNAs therapeutically in cancer and efficient and safe delivery of the reagents have been rarely addressed. Only one clinical trial involving lncRNAs has been reported. Among different technologies, RNAi is the most commonly used and effective tool to target lncRNAs. However, other technologies need to be examined and further research is essential to put lncRNAs into clinical practice.
Depression and suicidality among Egyptian renal transplant recipients
Authors: El-Mahalawy Naglaa , Saad Ahmed , Rabei Samah , Elrassas Hanan , Abdelgawad Ahmed , Elmissiry Marwa , Aly Rami 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh rates of depression and suicidality risk have been reported after renal transplantation. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders and suicidality risk among Egyptian renal transplant recipients and their demographic and clinical correlates.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive disorders among renal transplant recipients was (32.2%). Major depression (16.5%), adjustment disorder depressive type (9.13%) while dysthymic disorder occurred in (6.5%). Suicidality risk was present among 31.3% of the sample. Hopelessness was the commonest depressive symptoms within the depressed patients. There was a statistically significant association of depression and risk of suicidality, with age, educational attainment, employment, and the presence of side effects of medication. However, there was no significant correlation between depression or suicidality, with marital status, type of donor, duration of dialysis, and associated other medical illnesses. Despite there was no relation between gender and severity of depression, yet male recipients showed more pronounced suicidal risk.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression and suicidality is quite high among post renal transplantation recipients (PRTRs). Early psychiatric evaluation and intervention together with regular long term follow-up from the multi-disciplinary team are necessary for recipients after renal transplant operation.
Efficacy of interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services: umbrella review of randomised evidence
Authors: Barbui Corrado , Purgato Marianna , Abdulmalik Jibril , Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel , Eaton Julian , Gureje Oye , Hanlon Charlotte , Nosè Michela , Ostuzzi Giovanni , Saraceno Benedetto , Saxena Shekhar , Tedeschi Federico , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCoercive treatment comprises a broad range of practices, ranging from implicit or explicit pressure to accept certain treatment to the use of forced practices such as involuntary admission, seclusion and restraint. Coercion is common in mental health services.AimsTo evaluate the strength and credibility of evidence on the efficacy of interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services. Protocol registration:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/S76T3.MethodSystematic literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Campbell Collaboration, and Epistemonikos from January 2010 to January 2020 for meta-analyses of randomised studies. Summary effects were recalculated using a common metric and random-effects models. We assessed between-study heterogeneity, predictive intervals, publication bias, small-study effects and whether the results of the observed positive studies were more than expected by chance. On the basis of these calculations, strength of associations was classified using quantitative umbrella review criteria, and credibility of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsA total of 23 primary studies (19 conducted in European countries and 4 in the USA) enrolling 8554 participants were included. The evidence on the efficacy of staff training to reduce use of restraint was supported by the most robust evidence (relative risk RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.62–0.87; suggestive association, GRADE: moderate), followed by evidence on the efficacy of shared decision-making interventions to reduce involuntary admissions of adults with severe mental illness (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.92; weak association, GRADE: moderate) and by the evidence on integrated care interventions (RR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.95; weak association, GRADE: low). By contrast, community treatment orders and adherence therapy had no effect on involuntary admission rates.ConclusionsDifferent levels of evidence indicate the benefit of staff training, shared decision-making interventions and integrated care interventions to reduce coercive treatment in mental health services. These different levels of evidence should be considered in the development of policy, clinical and implementation initiatives to reduce coercive practices in mental healthcare, and should lead to further studies in both high- and low-income countries to improve the strength and credibility of the evidence base.
Artificial Pancreas With Carbohydrate Suggestion Performance for Unannounced and Announced Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Viñals Clara , Beneyto Aleix , Martín-SanJosé Juan-Fernando , Furió-Novejarque Clara , Bertachi Arthur , Bondia Jorge , Vehi Josep , Conget Ignacio , Giménez Marga 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the safety and performance of a new multivariable closed-loop (MCL) glucose controller with automatic carbohydrate recommendation during and after unannounced and announced exercise in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Research Design and Methods
A randomized, 3-arm, crossover clinical trial was conducted. Participants completed a heavy aerobic exercise session including three 15-minute sets on a cycle ergometer with 5 minutes rest in between. In a randomly determined order, we compared MCL control with unannounced (CLNA) and announced (CLA) exercise to open-loop therapy (OL). Adults with T1D, insulin pump users, and those with hemoglobin (Hb)A1c between 6.0% and 8.5% were eligible. We investigated glucose control during and 3 hours after exercise.

Results
Ten participants (aged 40.8 ± 7.0 years; HbA1c of 7.3 ± 0.8%) participated. The use of the MCL in both closed-loop arms decreased the time spent &lt;70 mg/dL of sensor glucose (0.0%, [0.0-16.8] and 0.0%, [0.0-19.2] vs 16.2%, [0.0-26.0], (%, [percentile 10-90]) CLNA and CLA vs OL respectively; P = 0.047, P = 0.063) and the number of hypoglycemic events when compared with OL (CLNA 4 and CLA 3 vs OL 8; P = 0.218, P = 0.250). The use of the MCL system increased the proportion of time within 70 to 180 mg/dL (87.8%, [51.1-100] and 91.9%, [58.7-100] vs 81.1%, [65.4-87.0], (%, [percentile 10-90]) CLNA and CLA vs OL respectively; P = 0.227, P = 0.039). This was achieved with the administration of similar doses of insulin and a reduced amount of carbohydrates.

Conclusions
The MCL with automatic carbohydrate recommendation performed well and was safe during and after both unannounced and announced exercise, maintaining glucose mostly within the target range and reducing the risk of hypoglycemia despite a reduced amount of carbohydrate intake.
Register Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03577158