bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Findings of Hemolymphangioma of the Kidney: The First Report in the Literature
Authors: Wang Hong , Yang Dan , Luo Yan , Peng Yulan , Ling Wenwu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Hemolymphangioma is a rare vascular and lymphatic malformation. To the author’s knowledge, no cases of hemolymphangioma in the kidney have been reported in the literature. Case presentation: We herein report a case of a 68-year-old man with low back pain. NO abnormalities were revealed in laboratory data including liver, renal function and blood and urine sediments. Ultrasonography showed a huge separated cystic mass in the upper part of left kidney. In contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) , the lesion of the kidney was hyper-enhanced in the hyper-enhanced in the cortical phase, and hypo-enhancement in medulla and delayed phase. Nephrectomy was performed. The pathologicaI diagnosis was a hemolymphangioma of thekidney. His postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on the 12th d after surgery. Conclusions: Although rare, hemolymphangioma should be considered a differential diagnosis for masses occurring in the kidney. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice and affords a good prognosis.
Two novel anticancer compounds with minimum cardiotoxic property
Authors: Afsharirad Tayebeh , Tahmasvand Raheleh , Amini Mohsen , Daraei Bahram , Salimi Mona 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Although two novel synthesized compounds with tri-aryl structures (A and B) have been previously demonstrated to possess remarkable anti-breast cancer activity, their cardiotoxicity remains a major concern due to their mechanism of action. To address this concern, we assessed the ability of these compounds to cause toxicity towards H9c2 cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model of cardiotoxicity. Methods: Cytotoxic activity of both compounds was explored in vitro on H9c2 cells using MTT assay. Annexin V/PI method, intracellular ROS determination and mitochondrial membrane potential assay were applied to elucidate the mechanism of action of the cell death. Results: MTT assay revealed a concentration- and time-dependent cardiotoxicity. Findings of apoptosis by double staining with annexin V and propidium iodide divulged no cell death including apoptosis and necrosis at the concentration that were effective to inhibit cancer cells proliferation (10 µM) at 24 and 48 hours. Furthermore, flow cytometric measurement of membrane potential and ROS determination using DCFH-DA verified the safe concentration of the compounds against H9c2 cells with no cardiotoxic effect. However, the higher concentration of the compounds could induce cell death through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions: Altogether, the results represented two novel chemical molecules possessing anti-breast cancer activity with minimum cardiac side effect.
Clinician's Attitude to Enteral Nutrition with Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: A Survey in China
Authors: Zhang Yijie , Ma Chen , Li Chenxi , Chen Qian , Shen Meifen , Wang Yuyu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) are recommended for long-term enteral nutrition. However, long-term nasogastric (NGT) feeding is still commonplace in China. We surveyed Chinese clinicians’ opinions toward PEG feeding in order to identify the potential barriers to acceptancy of PEG feeding.Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was developed and distributed to 600 doctors. Five-point Likert scales were used for most responses.Results: Of 525 respondents, the mainly nutritional support method was NGT while PEG was less used. Doctors working in the tertiary class A hospitals and radiotherapy department were more likely to choose PEG feeding (p=0.000). Overall, 241 (46%) participants do not know PEG and 284 (54%) have different understanding degree of PEG. Age (p=0.002), working life (p=0.044) and professionalism (p=0.005) were significantly related to the understanding of PEG. Levels of agreement was high (score of 3.47) for using PEG in patients with prolonged stroke-associated dysphagia. There was high agreement level in the statement that PEG was unnecessary when NGT could sustain the basic needs of patients, though better outcome can be predicted with PEG feeding. The listed factors influencing physicians' choice of PEG for long-term feeding scored high for all items, ranging from 3.57 to 3.89. Conclusions: Doctors’ insufficient knowledge of PEG feeding, resistance from patients and families, poor cooperation among healthcare professionals (HCPs) and between departments, and a crisis of doctor-patient trust all influence the medical decision-making process, all these factors leading physicians to prefer more conservative treatment to avoid disputes rather than better ones.
Quorum sensing-mediated inter-specific conidial anastomosis tube fusion between Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum siamense.
Authors: Mehta Nikita , Baghela Abhishek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Many plant pathogenic filamentous fungi undergo fusion of conidia through conidial anastomosis tubes (CATs), which is believed to facilitate horizontal gene transfer between species. We discovered a remarkable inter-specific conidial anastomosis tube (CAT) fusion between two important plant fungal pathogens Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum siamense. In an In vitro assay, under no selection pressure, the inter-specific CAT fusion was preferred with higher frequency (25%) than intra-specific CAT fusion (11%). Different stages of CAT fusion viz. CAT induction, homing, and fusion were observed during this inter-specific CAT fusion. The CAT fusion was found to be higher in absence of nutrients and in the presence of physiological stresses. This CAT fusion involved a quorum sensing phenomenon, wherein the CAT induction was dependent on conidial density and the secreted putative quorum sensing molecules were found to be lipid based in nature. Movement of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and lipid droplets were observed during the CAT fusion. Post CAT fusion, the resulting conidia gave rise to putative recombinants with variable colony characteristics as compared to their parental strains. Few recombinants showed variable AFLP banding pattern compared to their parental strains, thereby suggesting a possible genetic exchange between the two species through CAT fusion. The recombinants exhibited variable fitness under different stress conditions. Our study signifies possible role of inter-specific CAT fusion in generation of genetic and phenotypic diversity in these fungal pathogens.
Risk factors for breast cancer development by tumor characteristics among women with benign breast disease
Authors: Figueroa Jonine , Gierach Gretchen L. , Duggan Máire A. , Fan Shaoqi , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Wang Yihong , Falk Roni T. , Loudig Olivier , Abubakar Mustapha , Ginsberg Mindy , Kimes Teresa M. , Richert-Boe Kathryn , Rohan Thomas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Among women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, 30% have a prior diagnosis of benign breast disease (BBD). Thus, it is important to identify factors among BBD patients that elevate invasive cancer risk. In the general population, risk factors differ in their associations by clinical pathologic features; however, whether women with BBD show etiologic heterogeneity in the types of breast cancers they develop remains unknown. Methods: Using a nested case-control study of BBD and breast cancer risk conducted in a community healthcare plan (Kaiser Permanente Northwest), we assessed relationships of histologic features in BBD biopsies and patient characteristics with subsequent breast cancer risk, and tested for heterogeneity of associations by estrogen receptor (ER) status, tumor grade and size. The study included 514 invasive breast cancer cases (median follow-up of 9 years post-BBD diagnosis) and 514 matched controls, diagnosed with proliferative or non-proliferative BBD between 1971-2006, with follow-up through mid-2015. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using multivariable polytomous logistic regression models.Results: Breast cancers were predominantly ER-positive (86%), well- or moderately-differentiated (73%), small (74% <20mm) and stage I/II (91%). Having had an age at first birth <30 years was associated with reduced risk of ER-positive breast cancer (OR=0.69, 95%CI=0.49-0.98), but not of ER-negative disease (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.51-2.30) p-heterogeneity=0.24. Compared to patients with non-proliferative BBD, proliferative BBD with atypia conferred higher risk for ER-positive (OR=5.48, 95%CI=2.14-14.01) than ER-negative disease (OR=1.52, 95%CI=0.18-13.05, with only one ER-negative case); p-heterogeneity=0.45. Presence of columnar cell lesions (CCLs) at BBD diagnosis was associated with 1.5-fold risk for both ER-positive and ER-negative tumors, with a 2-fold risk (95%CI=1.21-3.58) observed among postmenopausal women (56%), independent of proliferative BBD status with and without atypia. We did not identify statistically significant differences in risk factor associations by tumor grade or size.Conclusion: Most tumors that developed after a BBD diagnosis in this cohort were highly treatable low-stage ER-positive tumors. CCL in BBD biopsies may be associated with moderate increased risk, independent of BBD histology, and irrespective of ER status.
Down-regulated RPS-30 in Angiostrongylus Cantonensis L5 Plays a Defensive Role Against Damage Due to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Yan Xiumei , Shi Qing , Zhang Yuanjiao , Huang Junting , Huang Huicong , Shi Hongfei , Yan Baolong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Eosinophilic meningitis, caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis L5, is mainly attributed to the Eosinophils, which contribute to tissue inflammatory responses in helminthic infections. Eosinophils are associated with helminthic killing, using the peroxidative oxidation and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generated by dismutation of superoxide produced during respiratory burst. In contrast, residing in the host with high level of eosinophils, helminthic worms have evolved to attenuate eosinophil-mediated tissue inflammatory responses for their survival in hosts. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of Acan-rps-30 was significantly down-regulated in A. cantonensis L5 worms, which reside in the cerebrospinal fluid with high level of Eosinophils. Acan-RPS-30, a homologous protein of human Fau, which plays a pro-apoptotic regulatory role, may function in protecting worms from oxidative stress.Methods: RACE, genome Walking, bioinformatics were used to isolate and analyse the structural characterisation of Acan-RPS-30; qRT-PCR and microinjection was performed to detect the expression patterns of Acan-rps-30; feeding RNAi was used to ced-3 knock-down; microinjection was performed to construct transgenic worms; oxidative stress assay was used to determine the functions of Acan-RPS-30.Results: Our results showed that Acan-RPS-30 consisted of 130 amino acids, and was grouped into Clade V with C. elegans in phylogenetic analysis. It was expressed ubiquitously in worms and was down-regulated in both L5 and adult A. cantonensis. Worms expressing pCe-rps30::Acan-rps-30::rfp, with the refractile “button-like” apoptotic corpses, were susceptible to oxidative stress. Apoptosis genes ced-3 and ced-4 were both up-regulated in the transgenic worms. And the phenotype susceptible to oxidative stress could be converted with ced-3 defective mutation and RNAi. rps-30- /- mutant worms were resistant to oxidative stress, with ced-3 and ced-4 were both down-regulated. And the oxidative stress resistance phenotype could be rescued and inhibited by expressing pCe-rps30::Acan-rps-30::rfp in rps-30- /- mutant worms. Conclusion: In A. cantonensis L5 worms, down-regulated Acan-RPS-30 plays a defensive role against damage due to oxidative stress for worm survival through inhibiting apoptosis by regulating ced-3 down-regulated.
Low Serum Parathyroid Hormone is a Risk Factor for Peritonitis Episodes in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Retrospective Study&nbsp;
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Da Jingjing , Jiang Yi , Yuan Jing , Zha Yan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels have been reported to be associated with infectious mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Peritonitis is the most common and fatal infectious complication, resulting in technique failure, hospital admission and mortality. Whether PTH is associated with peritonitis episodes remains unclear.Methods: We examined the association of PTH levels and peritonitis incidence in a 7-year cohort of 270 incident PD patients who were maintained on dialysis between January 2012 and December 2018 using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Patients were categorized into three groups by serum PTH levels as follows: low-PTH group, PTH<150pg/mL; middle-PTH group, PTH=150-300pg/mL; high-PTH group, PTH>300pg/mL .Results: During a median follow-up of 29.5 (interquartile range 16-49) months, 73 (27.0%) peritonitis episodes occurred. Low PTH levels were associated with older age, higher calcium levels and lower alkaline phosphatase levels. After multivariate adjustment, lower PTH levels were identified as an independent risk factor for peritonitis episodes [hazard ratio 1.643, 95% confidence interval 1.014-2.663, P=0.044].Conclusions: Low PTH levels are independently associated with peritonitis in incident PD patients.
Screening of lncRNA Profiles During Intramuscular Adipogenic Differentiation Inlongissimus Dorsi&nbsp;and&nbsp;Semitendinosus&nbsp;Muscles in Pigs
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Peng Ying , Xu Meixue , Chen Xiaochang , Yang Gongshe , Shi Xine , Li Xiao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Intramuscular fat content is an important factor that determines meat quality in pigs. In recent years, epigenetic regulation has increasingly studied the physiological model of intramuscular fat. Although long non-coding RNAs play essential roles in various biological processes, their role in intramuscular fat deposition in pigs remains largely unknown. Results: In this study, intramuscular preadipocytes in the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus of Large White pigs were isolated and induced into adipogenic differentiation in vitro. High-throughput RNA-seq was then carried out to estimate the expression of lncRNAs at 0, 2, and 8 days post-differentiation. At this stage, 2135 lncRNAs, including 575 novel lncRNAs, were identified. lncRNAs are shorter, less expressed, and less conserved RNAs than protein-coding mRNAs. KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were more common in pathways that are closely involved with adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Of these, lnc_000368, a previously undescribed lncRNA, was found to gradually increase during the adipogenic process. qRT-PCR and a western blot revealed that the knockdown of lnc_000368 by siRNA significantly repressed the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, aP2, CEBPβ) and lipolytic genes (ATGL and HSL). As a result, lipid accumulation in porcine intramuscular adipocytes was impaired by the silencing of lnc_000368, as indicated by Oil Red O staining. Conclusions: Overall, our study identified a genome-wide lncRNA profile related to porcine intramuscular fat deposition, and the results suggest that lnc_000368 is a potential target gene that might be targeted in pig breeding in the future.
Interpretation of Variants of Uncertain Significance in the Clinical Setting: A Case of Treatable Ataxia
Authors: Wilken Miguel , Rossi Malco , Merello Marcelo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 38 (SCA38) is an autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by pathogenic variants in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids-like 5 gene (ELOVL5). Improvement of ataxia with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) replacement therapy has been reported.Case presentation: A 73-year-old man of Hispanic descent presented with gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, slow and hypometric saccades, hearing loss, mild cognitive impairment, and hypopalesthesia. The initial scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) score was 11. After a negative routine workout for ataxia and testing for common forms due to expanded repeats, whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified a heterozygous variant (c.327+1G>A) in the ELOVL5 gene that was predicted to have a negative effect on splicing but was categorized as a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS). The patient was started on DHA 600 mg/day. Four months later, the patient showed a considerable reduction in the scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA) score, from 11 to 5 points, with a clear improvement in gait and limb ataxia that was sustained at 24 months of follow-up.Conclusions: We illustrate the case of a patient presenting with a variant considered genetically and biochemically of uncertain significance. Despite being a VUS, its location in a gene that is known to cause ataxia (SCA38), as well as a compatible phenotype, led to the interpretation of this variant as probably pathogenic from a clinical practice standpoint, especially considering prior reports that showed clinical improvement with a specific, over-the-counter, pharmacological treatment. A further satisfactory response to treatment supported our clinical approach.
Risk Factors Related to Weight Gain for Chines During Home Confinement in COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Retrospective Study
Authors: Xia Qing-Song , Wu Fan , Gong Ming-Ming , Zhao Yan , Wang Ding-Kun , Huang Zhao-Yi , Dong Hui , Xu Li-Jun , Gong Jing , Lu Fu-Er 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective: The observational study was intended to explore the weight changes and risk factors of weight gain during the self-quarantine and find available methods to lose weight.Method: This was an online retrospective observational study investigating the weight changes before and after home confinement. A total of 530 participants completed the online questionnaire. diet, sleep, self-reported depression, disease history and exercise information possibly relating to weight changes were incorporated into the questionnaire. The differences among four groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) in BMI change and weight change were compared, and the risk factors of weight gain was also analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Result: Participants were mostly between 21-50 years old, getting an average weight change of 0.82±3.31kg, and an average BMI change of 0.35 [-0.37, 1.00]. 43.77% of them gained weight by 2.99±2.29kg averagely. People with normal weight were easier to gain weight than obese group (p=0.001). There were differences in food intake (p<0.001), eating habits(p<0.001), taste preference (p=0.047), daily exercise step change(p=0.007), exercise (p=0.02) between non-weight gain group and weight gain group. The multiple linear regression revealed that weight gains were associated with sex (p=0.002), food intake (p=0.004), current daily exercise step (p=0.009) and self-reported depression (p=0.002) and weight loss was related to food intake (p=0.004) and pre-BMI (p=0.001).Conclusion: Eating irregularly, increasing food intake, self-reported depression and decreased daily steps were risk factors of weight gain, yet weight loss was related to decreased food intake and pre-BMI.
18F-FDG-PET/CT Plays a Key Role in Formulating Treatment Strategies for Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Han Qing , Zhou Xiang , ding jin , zheng zhaohui , Kang Fei , zhang Kui , Yang Fengfan , Miao Jinlin , wang jing , Zhu Ping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Backgroud and Objective: Clinical evaluation alone cannot satisfy the prognosis of TAK. PET-CTmolecular imaging may be a useful tool to supplement the prognosis of TAK. The purpose of this study was to observe whether THE TAK patients who achieved clinical remission also achieved imaging remission with PET-CT. Pet-ct plays an important role in the prognosis of TAK patients and further formulation of treatment strategy.Results: 79% patients with TAK in remission were positive for 18F-FDG-PET /CT. The study population had a mean age of 38.8 years and was predominantly female (90%). Their mean disease duration was 3.5 years and they had a mean disease remission period of 9.4 months. Patients had a mean ESR of 37.3 mm/h and a mean CRP level of 13.5 mg/l at the first dignosis time and 4.9 mm/h/3.7 mg/l at the Courrent time point. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.01). All patients on initial treatment received oral glucocorticoids, 25% received methotrexate, 65% received leflumide, and 45% received cyclophosphamide. Quantitative analysis of the SUV of nineteen patients showed an increasing trend (Baseline SUVmax 2.16±0.46 vs Remission SUVmax 2.08±0.49, p=0.56; Baseline SUVmean 2.34±0.57 vs Remission SUVmean 2.42±0.81, p=0.46). The arterial SUVmax uptake was higher in 15 patients with remission than baseline (2.30 ± 0.62 vs 2.48 ± 0.91, p = 0.54). But it was not statistically significant. Most of the patients (13/19, 68%) had an SUVmax value ≥ 2.0 in visual vasculitis with positive PET/CT before treatment, and 32% ＜2.0. No correlation was found between the type of treatment used, the time that elapsed from remission, or laboratory parameters and the scintigraphic results. Conclusion: TAK's clinical remission criteria are not entirely consistent with actual vascular inflammatory activity. Patients with TAK that achieve clinical remission may not achieve imaging remission with PET-CT, and PET-CT plays an important role in the prognosis of TAK patients and further formulation of treatment strategy.
Brain Glucose Metabolism and Dopamine Transporters Change in Addiction and Environmental Cue-Induced Memory
Authors: Jiang Donglang , Shao Da , Huang Qi , Ren Shuhua , Li Junpeng , Xiao Jianfei , Guan Yihui , Lai Bin , Zhao Jun , Hua Fengchun , Xie Fang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease and abuse of morphine is compulsive. Serval brain regions were involved in drug stimulus learning and drug seeking behaviors. Dopaminergic signaling pathway plays a key role in drug seeking behaviors. In this study, we focus on the regions of brain metabolism and dopamine transporters alternation, and figure out their role in drug seeking behaviors, and environmental cue-induced craving and retrieval of drug withdrawal memory by morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rats.Methods: Rats with CPP training (n = 6) were established by intraperitoneal injection of morphine (6 mg/kg body weight) in male SD rats (250 - 300g) during three-day conditioning, and rats with only morphine injection were used as addictive group (n = 6). Micro-PET/CT scans were performed at 3 different time points by intravenous injection of 18F-FDG and 11C-CFT. Regions of interests were collected by PMOD, voxel-wise analysis were performed by SPM8 software (uncorrected, P < 0.001, k = 20) on MATLAB platform. Results: SUVr of FDG declined significantly in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), cingulate in short term addiction compared with baseline. Glucose metabolism alternation in somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, cingulate were also found in addictive rats by voxel-wise analysis. Striatum, thalamus, medial prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex and many regions in cortex also involved in CPP rats. Striatum, primary somatosensory cortex and some cortical regions play key roles in memory retrieval of addiction compared with addiction. DAT expression alternation were only observed in long term addiction compared with short term addiction.Conclusion: This study shows that the cerebral glucose metabolism in addiction and CPP is significantly different from control group mainly in mPFC, striatum and hippocampus. Hippocampal and neocortical circuits for episodic memories could also involve in memory retrieval of addiction, and primary somatosensory cortex, primary motor cortex could be the neocortical structure together with PFC.