bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying machine intelligence in practice
Authors: Humm Bernhard , Bense Hermann , Bock Jürgen , Classen Mario , Halvani Oren , Herta Christian , Hoppe Thomas , Juwig Oliver , Siegel Melanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relevance of Machine Intelligence, a.k.a. Artificial Intelligence (AI), is undisputed at the present time. This is not only due to AI successes in research but, more prominently, its use in day-to-day practice. In 2014, we started a series of annual workshops at the Leibniz Zentrum für Informatik, Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany, initially focussing on Corporate Semantic Web and later widening the scope to Applied Machine Intelligence. This article presents a number of AI applications from various application domains, including medicine, industrial manufacturing and the insurance sector. Best practices, current trends, possibilities and limitations of new AI approaches for developing AI applications are also presented. Focus is put on the areas of natural language processing, ontologies and machine learning. The article concludes with a summary and outlook.
Mastoid cavity obliteration leads to a clinically significant improvement in health-related quality of life
Authors: Weiss Nora M. , Bächinger David , Botzen Jannik , Großmann Wilma , Mlynski Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the change in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients undergoing mastoid cavity obliteration.MethodsPatients who had undergone canal wall-down mastoidectomy for chronic otitis media with creation of a persistent mastoid cavity and underwent revision tympanomastoid surgery including mastoid cavity obliteration using autologous material were included. Audiological measurements including air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) pure-tone averages (PTA) and the air–bone gap (ABG) were assessed. Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was assessed by the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21) pre- and postoperatively.ResultsA total of 25 patients (16 females and 9 males; mean age 51.6 years, 14 right and 11 left ears) were included. Patients were reexamined after a mean follow-up period of 9.2 months (SD = 6.5) after obliteration of the mastoid cavity. Compared to the preoperative visit, patients showed a significantly reduced AC PTA at the postoperative visit (mean difference: − 4.1; SD = 10.4,p = 0.045). The mean ZCMEI-21 score changed from 31.7 (SD = 14.5) preoperatively to 17.4 (SD = 15.1) postoperatively (mean difference: − 14.3; SD = 19.1;p = 0.0002). The mean ZCMEI-21 score changes were neither correlated to the AC PTA shift (p = 0.60) nor to the ABG shift (p = 0.66).ConclusionsThis is the first study reporting a highly significant and clinically important improvement in HRQoL after mastoid cavity obliteration in a prospective setting. The improvement in HRQoL was not correlated to the hearing improvement. As a clinical implication, we provide evidence for a substantial subjective benefit of the surgical obliteration of a symptomatic mastoid cavity and, therefore, encourage this surgical procedure.
Relative blood loss in forensic medicine—do we need a change in doctrine?
Authors: Potente Stefan , Ramsthaler Frank , Kettner Mattias , Sauer Patrick , Schmidt Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn forensic medicine, blood loss is encountered frequently, either as a cause of death or as a contributing factor. Here, risk to life and lethality assessment is based on the concept of relative blood loss (absolute loss out of total volume). In emergency medicine, the Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLSⓇ) classification also refers to relative blood loss. We tested the validity of relative blood loss benchmarks with reference to lethality. Depending on the quality of the total blood volume (TBV) estimation formula, relative blood loss rates should be reflected in the case cohort as significantly higher absolute blood loss in heavier individuals since all TBV estimation formulas positively correlate body weight with TBV. Method: 80 autopsy cases with sudden, quantifiable, exclusively internal blood loss were retrospectively analyzed and a total of 8 different formulas for TBV estimation were applied. Results: No statistical correlation between body weight and absolute blood loss was found for any of the tested TBV estimation algorithms. All cases showed a wide spread of both absolute and relative blood loss. Discussion: The principle of relative blood loss is of very limited use in casework. It opens the forensic expert opinion to unnecessary criticism and possible negative legal implications. Conclusion: We challenge the use of relative blood loss benchmarks in textbooks and practical casework and advocate for its elimination from the ATLSⓇ ’s grading system. If necessary, we recommend the use of BMI-adjusted algorithms for TBV estimation.
Explanation of the self-adaptive dynamics of a harmonically forced beam with a sliding mass
Authors: Müller Florian , Krack Malte 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe self-adaptive behavior of a clamped–clamped beam with an attached slider has been experimentally demonstrated by several research groups. In a wide range of excitation frequencies, the system shows its signature move: The slider first slowly moves away from the beam’s center, at a certain point the vibrations jump to a high level, then the slider slowly moves back toward the center and stops at some point, while the system further increases its high vibration level. In our previous work, we explained the unexpected movement of the slider away from the beam’s vibration antinode at the center by the unilateral and frictional contact interactions permitted via a small clearance between slider and beam. However, this model did not predict the signature move correctly. In simulations, the vibration level did not increase significantly and the slider did not turn around. In the present work, we explain, for the first time, the complete signature move. We show that the timescales of vibration and slider movement along the beam are well separated, such that the adaptive system closely follows the periodic vibration response obtained for axially fixed slider. We demonstrate that the beam’s geometric stiffening nonlinearity, which we neglected in our previous work, is of utmost importance for the vibration levels encountered in the experiments. This stiffening nonlinearity leads to coexisting periodic vibration responses and to a turning point bifurcation with respect to the slider position. We associate the experimentally observed jump phenomenon to this turning point and explain why the slider moves back toward the center and stops at some point.
Enhanced robustness of convolutional networks with a push–pull inhibition layer
Authors: Strisciuglio Nicola , Lopez-Antequera Manuel , Petkov Nicolai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) lack robustness to test image corruptions that are not seen during training. In this paper, we propose a new layer for CNNs that increases their robustness to several types of corruptions of the input images. We call it a ‘push–pull’ layer and compute its response as the combination of two half-wave rectified convolutions, with kernels of different size and opposite polarity. Its implementation is based on a biologically motivated model of certain neurons in the visual system that exhibit response suppression, known as push–pull inhibition. We validate our method by replacing the first convolutional layer of the LeNet, ResNet and DenseNet architectures with our push–pull layer. We train the networks on original training images from the MNIST and CIFAR data sets and test them on images with several corruptions, of different types and severities, that are unseen by the training process. We experiment with various configurations of the ResNet and DenseNet models on a benchmark test set with typical image corruptions constructed on the CIFAR test images. We demonstrate that our push–pull layer contributes to a considerable improvement in robustness of classification of corrupted images, while maintaining state-of-the-art performance on the original image classification task. We released the code and trained models at the url http://github.com/nicstrisc/Push-Pull-CNN-layer.
Expanding the phenotype of hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta due to a novel SLC24A4 variant
Authors: Lepperdinger Ulrike , Maurer Elisabeth , Witsch-Baumgartner Martina , Stigler Robert , Zschocke Johannes , Lussi Adrian , Kapferer-Seebacher Ines 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Biallelic variants in solute carrier family 24 member 4 (SLC24A4) have been previously reported to cause non-syndromic autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) of the pigmented hypomaturation type (MIM #615887). We here describe a novel variant in SLC24A4 causing mild enamel hypomaturation defects also in heterozygous individuals.

Materials and methods
In the present pedigree analysis, a large consanguineous Syrian family with AI of the hypomaturation type was investigated by clinical and dental evaluation, and exome and Sanger sequencing. Dental histological investigations of seven primary and two permanent teeth were performed.

Results
Homozygous variants in SLC24A4 (c.1604G>A; p.Gly535Asp) were identified in five individuals with brown discolorations and irregular pits and grooves of the teeth. Severe attritions, occlusal abfractions, and the radiological lack of contrast between enamel and dentin point out a mineralization defect. Histological dental investigations confirmed the clinical diagnosis of AI of the hypomaturation type. In two heterozygous individuals, a mild hypomaturation defect was present with white and light brown enamel discolorations.

Conclusions
This is the first report of heterozygous SLC24A4 variants causing mild hypomaturation defects, providing confirmatory evidence that the function of SLC24A4 in calcium transport has a crucial role in the maturation stage of amelogenesis.

Clinical relevance
The present report is expanding the clinical phenotype of SLC24A4 variants to more severe forms of amelogenesis imperfecta. An autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern with mild clinical phenotypes in heterozygotes has to be considered.
Research on the economic risk of diseases in middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes—evidence from China
Authors: Leng Yao , Luo Dian , Liu Li , Ma YingJie , Deng Jing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
To measure the economic risk of diseases in Chinese middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes.

Methods
The economic risk of diseases in Chinese middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes was comprehensively analyzed using the family economic risk of diseases, catastrophic health expenditure, and relative risk of the disease.

Results
The proportions of families with low, medium, and high family economic risk of diseases were 64.73%, 8.56%, and 26.71%, respectively. When the defining criteria are 15%, 25%, and 40%, the incidences of catastrophic health expenditure were 66.71%, 60.07%, and 54.59%, respectively. The health expenditure of diabetic patients was 1.80 times that of non-diabetic patients when the difference in patients’ income was eliminated.

Conclusion
In general, Chinese middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes face a large economic risk of diseases, which will seriously hinder the improvement of their family life quality. The sociodemographic characteristics related to diabetics will aggravate the patient’s economic risk, such as smoking, drinking, and low household income. Moreover, diabetes patients with different basic medical insurance have different economic risk of diseases.
Shonen Kurabu and the Japanese Attitude Toward War
Authors: Seo Gijae 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Japanese people’s understanding of the Fifteen Years War (1931–1945) is still problematic. The problem of the war was commonly solved by transferring responsibility for the war to an obscure subject called the State, and by offering financial compensation to those who were directly affected. However, there has been no in-depth discussion of how the Japanese public’s understanding of the war in the period before defeat was modified in the post-war period. This article is a study of the children’s magazine Shonen Kurabu, which gained wide popularity by featuring articles related to war during the early modern era of Japan, including the wartime period, and continued to be published until 1962. By focusing on Shonen Kurabu, this paper explores the close relationship between the mass media and the public attitude toward war, and the handling of the theme of war by both the media and the public.
Homogeneous MMR Deficiency Throughout the Entire Tumor Mass Occurs in a Subset of Colorectal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Authors: Fraune Christoph , Simon Ronald , Hube-Magg Claudia , Makrypidi-Fraune Georgia , Kluth Martina , Büscheck Franziska , Amin Tania , Viol Fabrice , Fehrle Wilfrid , Dum David , Höflmayer Doris , Burandt Eike , Clauditz Till Sebastian , Perez Daniel , Izbicki Jakob , Wilczak Waldemar , Sauter Guido , Steurer Stefan , Schrader Jörg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasms comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors, categorized into neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) depending on tumor differentiation. NECs and high-grade NETs (G3) confer a poor prognosis, demanding novel treatment strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibition in tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI). To study any possible intratumoral heterogeneity of MSI, a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 199 NETs and 40 NECs was constructed to screen for MSI using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6. Four cases suspicious for MSI were identified. Validation of MSI by repeated IHC on large sections and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based analysis using the “Bethesda Panel” confirmed MSI in 3 cecal NECs. One pancreatic NET G3 with MSI-compatible TMA results was MMR intact on large section IHC and microsatellite stable (MSS). The remaining 235 tumors exhibited intact MMR. Protein loss of MLH1/PMS2 was found in two and MSH6 loss in one cancer with MSI. Large section IHC on all available tumor-containing tissue blocks in NECs with MSI did not identify aberrant tumor areas with intact MMR. Our data indicate that MSI is common in colorectal NECs (3 out of 10) but highly infrequent in neuroendocrine neoplasms from many other sites. The lack of intratumoral heterogeneity of MMR deficiency suggests early development of MSI during tumorigenesis in a subset of colorectal NECs and indicates that microsatellite status obtained from small biopsies may be representative for the entire cancer mass.
An Ultra-microporous Carbon Material Boosting Integrated Capacitance for Cellulose-Based Supercapacitors
Authors: Ding Chenfeng , Liu Tianyi , Yan Xiaodong , Huang Lingbo , Ryu Seungkon , Lan Jinle , Yu Yunhua , Zhong Wei-Hong , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA breakthrough in advancing power density and stability of carbon-based supercapacitors is trapped by inefficient pore structures of electrode materials. Herein, an ultra-microporous carbon with ultrahigh integrated capacitance fabricated via one-step carbonization/activation of dense bacterial cellulose (BC) precursor followed by nitrogen/sulfur dual doping is reported. The microporous carbon possesses highly concentrated micropores (~ 2 nm) and a considerable amount of sub-micropores (< 1 nm). The unique porous structure provides high specific surface area (1554 m2 g−1) and packing density (1.18 g cm−3). The synergistic effects from the particular porous structure and optimal doping effectively enhance ion storage and ion/electron transport. As a result, the remarkable specific capacitances, including ultrahigh gravimetric and volumetric capacitances (430 F g−1 and 507 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1), and excellent cycling and rate stability even at a high current density of 10 A g−1 (327 F g−1 and 385 F cm−3) are realized. Via compositing the porous carbon and BC skeleton, a robust all-solid-state cellulose-based supercapacitor presents super high areal energy density (~ 0.77 mWh cm−2), volumetric energy density (~ 17.8 W L−1), and excellent cyclic stability.
Association Between Prostate Zonal Volume and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Qalawena Muhammed M. , Al-Shatouri Mohammad A. , Motawaa Mokhtar A. , El-Sakka Ahmed I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The impact of prostate zonal volume on erectile function and penile Doppler parameters is not yet settled.

Aim
To assess the association between prostate zonal volume and erectile dysfunction in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Methods
This cross-sectional analytical study included 70 men (aged ≥ 40 years). Of them, 60 patients were assigned to 3 study groups (n = 20/each): group (A) patients who had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) and erectile dysfunction (ED), group (B) patients who had LUTSs with no ED, group (C) patients who had ED with no LUTS, and other 10 age-matched patients who had no LUTS or ED acted as a control group (D). All patients were subjected to detailed medical and sexual history. International prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used to assess LUTSs, and international index of erectile function (IIEF) was used to assess ED.

Main Outcome Measure
Transrectal ultrasound and penile Doppler ultrasound were used to assess zonal anatomy of the prostate and the vascular pattern of erection.

Results
There was a significant difference in IPSS between group A (26) and B (19) (P &lt; .05). Each of groups A and C had significant lower peak systolic velocity (PSV) than each of groups B and D (P &lt; .001/each). There was a significant positive correlation between transitional zone index (TZI) and IPSS (r = 0.71, P &lt; .01), and significant negative correlation between TZI and both of IIEF (r = -0.48, P &lt; .05) and PSV (r = -0.606, P &lt; .05).

Conclusion
This study clearly demonstrated that there were significant correlations between increased transitional zone volume, TZI, and decreased both of IIEF score and PSV.
Satisfaction and perceptions of research participants in clinical and translational studies: An urban multi-institution with CTSA
Authors: Adler Priscilla , Otado Jane , Kwagyan John 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurpose:To examine research participants’ levels of satisfaction and perceptions and aid researchers to better engage research volunteers from all racial and ethnic populations in clinical trials. A participant satisfaction survey was developed that focused on three domains to reflect satisfaction with delivery of care, environment, and center operations. In addition, the survey contained open-ended questions to reflect overall experiences and perceptions. Two hundred and seventy-eight participants (55% African American and 29% non-Hispanic Whites) with an average age of 52 years completed the survey.Results:The results indicated that the majority of the participants rated their satisfaction very highly across all domains. Ninety percent stated they were very satisfied/satisfied or very strongly agreed/agreed in the three domains. Obtaining high-quality care/access to health care professionals (60%), learning more about their illness/disease (60%), and helping others (57%) were noted as important factors in choosing to participate in a trial. Regarding overall experience, majority of respondents stated that friendliness, expertise of staff, learning more about their disease, and contributing to science were important. Further, financial compensation was not a primary motivation for participation. A majority of participants stated that they would participate in future studies and would recommend a friend or a family member to participate in clinical trials.Conclusions:The findings indicate that the degree of satisfaction with the research staff and with the specific trial itself are important determinants for enrolling, completing a study, and for participating in future trials.
Velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients without a cleft palate: important considerations for the ENT surgeon
Authors: Mushi E , Mahdi N , Upile N , Hevican C , McKernon S , van Eeden S , De S 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundVelopharyngeal insufficiency is the inability to close the velopharyngeal port during speech and swallowing, leading to hypernasal speech and food regurgitation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the aetiological factors contributing to the development of velopharyngeal insufficiency in a non-cleft paediatric population, especially following adenoidectomy.MethodsA retrospective case review was conducted of all children without a known cleft palate, born between 2000 and 2013, who were referred to a tertiary cleft centre with possible velopharyngeal insufficiency.ResultsThe data for 139 children diagnosed with velopharyngeal insufficiency following referral to the cleft centre were analysed. Thirteen patients developed the condition following adenoidectomy; only 3 of these 13 had a contributing aetiological factor.ConclusionVelopharyngeal insufficiency is a rare but significant complication of adenoidectomy. The majority of patients who developed velopharyngeal insufficiency following adenoidectomy did not have an identifiable predisposing factor. This has important implications for the consent process and when planning adenoidectomy.
Feeding ecology of black scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcusLinnaeus, 1758) in SE Black Sea region, (Ordu) Turkey
Authors: Aydin Mehmet , Mazlum Rahşan Evren 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBlack scorpion fish (Scorpaena porcus) is an important species for both artisanal and industrial fisheries in the Turkish Black Sea, with 306 tonnes landed in 2017. The diet composition of this species was investigated through the examination of their stomach contents. A total of 621S. porcus(ranging from 12.79–765.5 g) were caught by trammel net in the south-eastern Black Sea (Turkish waters) from December 2015 to November 2016. The importance of prey items in the diet ofS. porcuswas assessed using the Index of Relative Importance (%IRI). Overall, the dominant species was the isopodIdotea balthica(52.8%IRI) followed by decapods (38.5%IRI) and teleosts (8.7%IRI). Seasonal variations in the diets were observed, with isopods predominant in autumn (>85%IRI), teleosts in winter (>77%IRI) and decapod crustaceans (>78%IRI) in spring and summer. The modified Costello's graphical analysis evinced a specialist feeding strategy forS. porcusduring winter, spring and autumn while a shift to generalistic feeding strategy was exhibited in summer by a limited number ofS. porcusindividuals.