bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric comorbidity in individuals at‐risk for psychosis: Relationships with symptoms, cognition and psychosocial functioning
Authors: Chang Wing C. , Ng Chung Mun , Chan Kwun Nam , Lee Hoi Ching , Chan Suet In , Chiu Shirley Sanyin , Lee Ho Ming , Chan Kit Wa , Wong Ming Cheuk , Chan Kwok Ling , Yeung Wai Song , Chan Charles Wai Hong , Choy Lam Wai , Chong Shiu Yin , Siu Man Wa , Lo Tak Lam , Yan Wai Ching , Ng Man Kin , Poon Lap Tak , Pang Pui Fai , Lam Wai Chung , Wong Yip Chau , Chung Wai Sau , Mo Yi Man , Lui Sai Yu , Hui Lai Ming , Chen Eric Yu Hai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimPsychiatric comorbidity frequently occurs with at‐risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis. Its relationships with psychopathology, cognition and functioning, however, remain to be further clarified. We aimed to examine prevalence and correlates of psychiatric comorbidity, and its associations with psychosocial functioning and subjective quality‐of‐life (QoL) in a representative sample of Chinese ARMS individuals.MethodsOne hundred ten help‐seeking participants aged 15 to 40 years with ARMS were recruited from a specialized early psychosis service in Hong Kong. ARMS status was verified by comprehensive assessment of at‐risk mental state (CAARMS). Comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition non‐psychotic psychiatric disorders at baseline were ascertained using diagnostic interview and medical record review. Assessments encompassing symptom profiles, psychosocial functioning, subjective QoL and a brief cognitive battery were conducted.ResultsForty‐nine (44.5%) ARMS participants were diagnosed as having comorbid non‐psychotic psychiatric disorders at baseline, primarily depressive and anxiety disorders. Binary multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender, more severe depressive symptoms, higher suicidality and poorer global cognitive functioning were independently associated with comorbid diagnosis status. ARMS participants with psychiatric comorbidity displayed significantly more limited extended social networks and poorer subjective QoL than those without psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionComorbid disorders were frequently observed in Chinese ARMS individuals, and were linked to poorer cognition and higher suicide risk. Our findings underscore a potential critical role of psychiatric comorbidity in determining social functioning and subjective QoL in at‐risk individuals. Further longitudinal research is required to clarify trajectories of comorbid disorder status and its prospective impact on clinical and functional outcomes in ARMS populations.
Sex‐specific association of urate and levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Jung J. H. , Chung S. J. , Yoo H. S. , Lee Y. H. , Baik K. , Ye B. S. , Sohn Y. H. , Lee P. H. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeAs a major antioxidant, uric acid (UA) is known to be associated with the clinical progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study investigated whether baseline UA levels are associated with the risk for levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD in a sex‐dependent manner.MethodsIn all, 152 patients with de novo PD (78 males and 74 females) who were followed up for >2 years were enrolled. The effect of baseline serum UA levels on LID‐free survival was assessed by Cox regression, separately for sex, whilst being adjusted for potential confounding factors. The optimal UA level cut‐off value to determine the high‐risk group for LID was set using Contal and O’Quigley’s method.ResultsLevodopa‐induced dyskinesia developed in 23 (29.5%) male patients and 30 (40.5%) female patients. Cox regression showed a significant interaction between UA level and sex. Higher UA levels were associated with a higher risk for LID in male PD patients (hazard ratio 1.380; 95% confidence interval 1.038–1.835; P = 0.027), although this relationship was not observed in female PD patients. The optimal UA level cut‐off for LID in male PD was 7.2 mg/dl, and the high UA group had a 5.7‐fold higher risk of developing LID than the low UA group.ConclusionsContrary to a presumptive beneficial role of UA, the present study demonstrated that higher UA levels are associated with increased risk of LID occurrence in male patients with PD, suggesting a sex‐dependent role of UA in LID.
Interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist, interleukin‐2 receptor alpha subunit and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yuan S. , Roos P. M. , Larsson S. C. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeTo clarify the causal associations of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra) and interleukin‐2 receptor alpha subunit (IL‐2rα) with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsA two‐sample Mendelian randomization study design was employed. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with IL‐1ra (n = 2) and IL‐2rα (n = 1) at the genome‐wide significance level were used as unbiased instrumental variables. Summary‐level data for ALS were obtained from Project MinE, an international collaboration consortium with 12 577 ALS cases and 23 475 controls of European descent.ResultsGenetic predisposition to higher levels of IL‐1ra was significantly associated with lower odds of ALS. For a 1‐SD increase of circulating IL‐1ra levels, the odds ratio of ALS was 0.64 (95% confidence intervals, 0.46–0.88; P = 0.005). There was a borderline inverse association between IL‐2rα levels and ALS (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence intervals, 0.83–1.00; P = 0.058).ConclusionsInterleukin‐1 receptor antagonist levels were inversely associated with ALS, suggesting that interleukin‐1 inhibitors may lower the risk of this always fatal disease. The role of IL‐2rα levels in ALS needs further verification in causal inference studies with larger sample sizes.
Sensory neuronopathy is a specific and disabling neurological manifestation of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Martinez A. R. M. , de Lima F. D. , Martins M. P. , Pereira I. E. , Miotto N. , Mazo D. F. C. , Vigani A. G. , da Costa L. B. E. , Stucchi R. S. B. , Almeida J. R. S. , Nucci A. , França M. C. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeNeurological manifestations have been identified in the context of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Previous case reports highlighted the association between AIH and sensory neuronopathy (SN). Despite that, little is known about the frequency of AIH‐related SN and its clinical/neurophysiological profile. Moreover, it is not clear whether SN is an AIH‐specific manifestation or related to chronic liver damage.MethodsSeventy consecutive AIH patients were enrolled and their characteristics were compared with 52 consecutive patients with chronic active hepatitis B. All subjects underwent clinical and neurophysiological evaluation. Further comparisons were performed between AIH SN and AIH non‐SN patients.ResultsMean ages and male:female proportions in the AIH and chronic active hepatitis B groups were 42.2 ± 16.3/51.7 ± 13.6 years and 14:56/29:23, respectively. The frequencies of carpal tunnel syndrome, radiculopathy and polyneuropathy were similar between groups. In contrast, SN was identified only in AIH patients (5/70 vs. 0/52, P = 0.04); the overall prevalence of AIH‐related SN was 7% with an average profile of a woman in her 40s with asymmetric onset of sensory deficits that chronically evolved to disabling proprioceptive ataxia associated with marked dysautonomia. Neurological disability and hepatocellular damage did not follow in parallel. Anti‐fibroblast growth factor receptor type 3 antibodies were found in 3/5 (60%) of the patients with AIH‐related SN. Clinical or demographic predictors of SN in the context of AIH could not be identified.ConclusionSensory neuronopathy, but not other peripheral nervous system diseases, is a specific AIH neurological manifestation. It is often disabling and, in contrast to hepatocellular injury, does not respond to immunosuppression.
Exploratory study on immune phenotypes in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia
Authors: D’Angelo C. , Goldeck D. , Pawelec G. , Gaspari L. , Di Iorio A. , Paganelli R. 
Published: May 2020

Background and purposeThe differentiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia from vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed‐type dementia (mixed dementia) requires stepwise analysis and usually occurs late in the disease process. Early diagnosis and therapy monitoring would benefit greatly from the identification of biomarkers of neurodegeneration, especially blood biomarkers. To this end, the aim of the present pilot study was to investigate differences in the distribution of peripheral T‐cell populations in patients with AD compared to VaD and mixed dementia.MethodsFlow cytometry was performed on blood samples from 11 patients with AD, six with VaD and six with mixed dementia, as well as 17 healthy control subjects (HCs). CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were typed for expression of CD45, CD27, CD28, CD25, FoxP3, CCR4 and CCR6; the other leukocytes were also assessed. Functionally, immune cell uptake of the β‐amyloid (Aβ) toxic fragment (Aβ1–42) was also evaluated.ResultsA higher proportion of CD4+CD28− memory T cells and a reciprocal reduction of CD4+CD28+CD27+ naïve T lymphocytes was detected in all patient groups relative to controls. Significantly fewer CD4+CD25+FoxP3 regulatory T cells were present in patients with VaD, and significantly more CCR6+ and CCR4+ CD4+ T cells in those with AD. Higher CCR6+ T‐cell frequencies were also present in patients with mixed dementia, potentially due to the inflammation and immune cell chemoattraction triggered by Aβ.ConclusionsThe present study was a comprehensive investigation comparing different kinds of dementia, revealing differentially expressed peripheral markers that are potentially useful for early AD, VaD and mixed dementia diagnoses, and that would assist in proper treatments for these disparate diseases. Validation is now required.
Towards a coupled paradigm of NH3‐CO2 biosphere–atmosphere exchange modelling
Authors: Schrader Frederik , Erisman Jan Willem , Brümmer Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStomatal conductance, one of the major plant physiological controls within NH3 biosphere–atmosphere exchange models, is commonly estimated from semi‐empirical multiplicative schemes or simple light‐ and temperature‐response functions. However, due to their inherent parameterization on meteorological proxy variables, instead of a direct measure of stomatal opening, they are unfit for the use in climate change scenarios and of limited value for interpreting field‐scale measurements. Alternatives based on H2O flux measurements suffer from uncertainties in the partitioning of evapotranspiration at humid sites, as well as a potential decoupling of transpiration from stomatal opening in the presence of hygroscopic particles on leaf surfaces. We argue that these problems may be avoided by directly deriving stomatal conductance from CO2 fluxes instead. We reanalysed a data set of NH3 flux measurements based on CO2‐derived stomatal conductance, confirming the hypothesis that the increasing relevance of stomatal exchange with the onset of vegetation activity caused a rapid decrease of observed NH3 deposition velocities. Finally, we argue that developing more mechanistic representations of NH3 biosphere–atmosphere exchange can be of great benefit in many applications. These range from model‐based flux partitioning, over deposition monitoring using low‐cost samplers and inferential modelling, to a direct response of NH3 exchange to climate change.
Clinical and histopathological features of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma with dense spindle stromal cells and lymph node metastasis
Authors: Gao Qiqi , Zhou Jie , Zheng Yulong , Cui Jinlong , Teng Xiaodong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine the clinicopathological features of pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) with spindle cells and in cases with positive detection of PSP cells in the lymph nodes.Methods and resultsThis article report the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of PSP with dense spindle stromal cells in five patients (including one case with lymph node metastasis) and PSP accompanied by positive nodes in two patients out of 239 cases diagnosed at our institution between 2007 and 2019. The literature on PSP was also reviewed in detail. Six patients were female, and one (with a positive node) was male; their average age was 53 years. Thoracic imaging revealed solid tumours with clear borders and a uniform texture in six patients, but one patient had a lobulated tumour with uneven densities. All tumours were unifocal, and they had an average size of 31 mm. Tumours from five cases were mainly composed of solid regions of diffuse spindle cells rather than polygonal cells. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that thyroid transcription factor‐1, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (weak) and oestrogen receptor (partial) were expressed in spindle cells. The average follow‐up time was 31 months. Two of the 234 PSP cases for which adequate data were available had positive nodes (metastasis rate: 0.8%), and one of the five patients with PSP with spindle cells showed lymph node metastasis (metastasis rate: 20%). In addition, stromal cells were found to be predominant at metastatic sites.ConclusionsSpindle cells are present among the stromal cells of PSP, and not all of them are round cells. PSP patients with spindle cells or male patients may be more prone to metastasis than others.
Pulmonary and systemic involvement in COVID‐19 patients assessed with ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy
Authors: Duarte‐Neto Amaro N , Monteiro Renata A A , da Silva Luiz F F , Malheiros Denise M A C , de Oliveira Ellen P , Theodoro‐Filho Jair , Pinho João R R , Gomes‐Gouvêa Michele S , Salles Ana P M , de Oliveira Ilka R S , Mauad Thais , Saldiva Paulo H N , Dolhnikoff Marisa 
Published: May 2020

AimsBrazil ranks high in the number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) cases and the COVID‐19 mortality rate. In this context, autopsies are important to confirm the disease, determine associated conditions, and study the pathophysiology of this novel disease. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic involvement of COVID‐19. In order to follow biosafety recommendations, we used ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive autopsy (MIA‐US), and we present the results of 10 initial autopsies.Methods and resultsWe used MIA‐US for tissue sampling of the lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, brain, skin, skeletal muscle and testis for histology, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA. All patients showed exudative/proliferative diffuse alveolar damage. There were intense pleomorphic cytopathic effects on the respiratory epithelium, including airway and alveolar cells. Fibrinous thrombi in alveolar arterioles were present in eight patients, and all patients showed a high density of alveolar megakaryocytes. Small thrombi were less frequently observed in the glomeruli, spleen, heart, dermis, testis, and liver sinusoids. The main systemic findings were associated with comorbidities, age, and sepsis, in addition to possible tissue damage due to the viral infection, such as myositis, dermatitis, myocarditis, and orchitis.ConclusionsMIA‐US is safe and effective for the study of severe COVID‐19. Our findings show that COVID‐19 is a systemic disease causing major events in the lungs and with involvement of various organs and tissues. Pulmonary changes result from severe epithelial injury and microthrombotic vascular phenomena. These findings indicate that both epithelial and vascular injury should be addressed in therapeutic approaches.
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to treat malignant melanoma: the dawn of a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy from autologous donor
Authors: Roncati Luca , Palmieri Beniamino 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are B, T‐helper, and T‐cytotoxic lymphocytes migrated from the blood or lymph stream toward a tumor with the aim to infiltrate and destroy it. They can be histologically graded as brisk, nonbrisk, or absent. Malignant melanoma has been the first malignancy found to be correlated with TILs status, being brisk TILs associated with better clinical outcomes. By the terminology of “adoptive cell transfer” (ACT), the medical oncology refers to the transfer of cells in a tumor‐bearing patient from the same recipient or a healthy donor.MethodsA PubMed literature search on the topic has been performed. Additional documents known to the authors and identified from the reference list of cited publications have been included.ResultsIn the past, autologous TILs ACT was successfully tested for the treatment of malignant melanoma and, today, it is a standardized procedure in several centers around the world. It represents the first research step toward the bioengineered chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy from autologous donor.ConclusionsBoth autologous TILs ACT and CAR‐T cell therapy from autologous donor exploit the anticancer power of targeted self‐lymphocytes, but CAR‐T cell technology also virtually allows treatment of those melanomas devoid of TILs or with so few cytotoxic TILs that are difficult to identify.
Improved photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3 quantum dots glass ceramics
Authors: Zhang Xizhen , Guo Lizhu , Zhang Yuhang , Cheng Chuanhui , Cheng Yi , Li Xiangping , Zhang Jinsu , Xu Sai , Cao Yongze , Sun Jiashi , Cheng Lihong , Chen Baojiu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have fabricated CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) in a multi‐component borate glass by melt‐quenching technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals a cubic phase CsPbBr3 crystal for QDs. As the treatment temperature or the treatment time duration increases, the photoluminescence (PL) peak shifts to long wavelength in the range of 510 to 525 nm, and the full width at half‐maximum varies in the range of 24 to 18 nm. The absorption edge shifts to low energy side in the range of 2.54 to 2.41 eV. The different photoluminescence excitation spectra (PLE) reflect the change of microstructure for different samples. The PL peak wavelength and line‐shape are independent of excitation wavelength. These results of spectra show typical exciton emission characteristics. As treatment conditions strengthens, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) first increases and then decreases, having the best PLQY 86.9%. Bi‐exponential fitting curves show that short lifetime τ1 continuously decreases. Long lifetime τ2, weight for long lifetime component, and average lifetime τavg first increase and then decrease. The PLQY values are affected by both τ1 and τ2, which are relative to the crystal quality in the interior and the surface of QDs, respectively. The high PLQY value corresponds to medium treatment condition, which is attributed to a balanced effect of crystal quality in interior and the surface of QDs.
A far‐red‐emitting (Gd,Y)3(Ga,Al)5O12:Mn2+ ceramic phosphor with enhanced thermal stability for plant cultivation
Authors: Qiu Xuting , Luo Zhaohua , Jiang Haochuan , Ding Hui , Liu Zehua , Chen Xiaopu , Xu Jingtao , Jiang Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs for plants, far‐red (FR) light with wavelength from 700 nm to 740 nm is critical for processes of photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. Light‐controlled development depends on light to control cell differentiation, structural and functional changes, and finally converge into the formation of tissues and organs. Phosphor converted FR emission under LED excitation is a cost‐effective and high‐efficient way to provide artificial FR light source. With the aim to develop an efficient FR phosphor that can promote the plant growth, a series of gadolinium yttrium gallium garnet (GYGAG) transparent ceramic phosphors co‐doped with Mn2+ and Si4+ have been fabricated via chemical co‐precipitation method, followed sintered in O2 and hot isostatic pressing in this work. Under UV excitation, the phosphor exhibited two bright and broadband red emission spectra due to Mn2+: 4T1 → 6A1 spin‐forbidden transition, and one of which located in the right FR region. And then, Ce3+ ions were co‐doped as the activator to enhance the absorption at blue light region and the emission of Mn2+. It turns out that the emission band of GYGAG transparent ceramic phosphors matches well with the absorption band of phytochrome PFR, which means they are promising to be applied in plant cultivation light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for modulating plant growth. Besides, the thermal stability of this material was investigated systematically, and an energy transferring model involves defects was also proposed to explain the phenomenon of abnormal temperature quenching.
Fish as predators and prey: DNA‐based assessment of their role in food webs
Authors: Traugott Michael , Thalinger Bettina , Wallinger Corinna , Sint Daniela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFish are both consumers and prey, and as such part of a dynamic trophic network. Measuring how they are trophically linked, both directly and indirectly, to other species is vital to comprehend the mechanisms driving alterations in fish communities in space and time. Moreover, this knowledge also helps to understand how fish communities respond to environmental change and delivers important information for implementing management of fish stocks. DNA‐based methods have significantly widened our ability to assess trophic interactions in both marine and freshwater systems and they possess a range of advantages over other approaches in diet analysis. In this review we provide an overview of different DNA‐based methods that have been used to assess trophic interactions of fish as consumers and prey. We consider the practicalities and limitations, and emphasize critical aspects when analysing molecular derived trophic data. We exemplify how molecular techniques have been employed to unravel food web interactions involving fish as consumers and prey. In addition to the exciting opportunities DNA‐based approaches offer, we identify current challenges and future prospects for assessing fish food webs where DNA‐based approaches will play an important role.
Looking where it's hard to see: a case study documenting rare Eucyclogobius newberryi presence in a California lagoon
Authors: Dressler Terra L. , Lafferty Kevin D. , Jerde Christopher L. , Dudley Tom 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is increasingly used for biomonitoring and research of fish populations and communities by environmental resource managers and academic researchers. Although managers are much interested in expanding the use of eDNA as a survey technique, they are sceptical about both its utility (given that information is often limited to presence/absence of a species) and feasibility (given the need for proper laboratory facilities for sample processing). Nonetheless, under the right circumstances, eDNA analysis is cost‐effective compared to many traditional aquatic survey methods and does not disturb habitat or harm the animals being surveyed. This article presents a case study in which eDNA analysis was successfully used to document the presence of a rare fish species in a waterway earmarked for restoration. The authors discuss the conditions that allowed this study to occur quickly and smoothly and speculate on how the goals of researchers and managers can be integrated for efficient and informative use of this tool.