bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systems thinking perspective on the barriers to treatment access for people with eating disorders
Authors: Lane Ben R. , Read Gemma J. M. , Cook Lesley , Salmon Paul M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTreatment access remains low for people with eating disorders. In addressing the complexity inherent in this challenge, this article introduces systems thinking and argues that it could provide new insights. Systems thinking views behavior as an emergent property of a system and considers the relationships between technical, organizational, and social components. Several methods used in safety science incorporate this thinking. For example, AcciMap draws focus to the influence of decisions and actions made across hierarchical levels of a system, including those by government, regulatory bodies, management, services, and individuals. By examining the findings of the existing literature on barriers to eating disorder treatment access according to these levels, it is evident that most identified barriers relate to individuals and that further research is needed to consider the influence of high‐level stakeholders. Research using systems thinking should consider the causal networks of influence from government, regulatory, and organizational decisions and actions through to outcomes for clinicians and individuals. The understanding of how barriers operate within specific healthcare systems also warrants investigation. Systems thinking is yet to be formally applied in the area of eating disorders and thus represents an opportunity to inform the development and implementation of more effective, system wide interventions.
Arc temperature measurement with microsecond spectroscopic measurement
Authors: Kano Ryota , Nemoto Yusuke , Maeda Yoshifumi , Yamamoto Shinji , Iwao Toru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe quality of electric power caused by frequency fluctuation and voltage rise will be degraded because of the lightning surge and the mass introduction of distributed power. Thus, it is necessary to improve the performance of gas circuit breaker in order to maintain the stable supply of electric power. It has been reported that the arc conductance is calculated as the index of the current interruption in numerical analysis. However, few report have the measured value in the current interruption. This is because that the current interruption is the steep phenomenon of micro seconds range. Thus, it is necessary to establish the time‐high precision and noncontact measurement method. In this paper, the arc temperature is measured near current zero using the microsecond spectroscopic measurement. As a result, the microsecond spectroscopic measurement which combines the conventional spectroscope and the high speed video camera is 200 times faster than the measurement of conventional spectroscope. For this reason, the microsecond spectroscopic measurement is possible with the high speed video camera. Therefore, it is possible to measure the arc temperature with decreasing the current using the microsecond spectroscope.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemiluminescent Insecticide Sensor Based on ZnO Nanocrystals Anchored Nickel Foam for Determination of Imidacloprid in Real Samples
Authors: Kamyabi Mohammad Ali , Moharramnezhad Mohsen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, a novel electrochemiluminescent (ECL) pesticide sensor based on zinc oxide nanocrystals decorated nickel foam is proposed for determination of imidacloprid for the first time. The silica film was used as a morphology‐controlling factor for modification of the electrode with zinc oxide nanocrystals. Zinc oxide was selected as luminescent material due to its cheapness, non‐toxicity, high thermal stability and excellent luminescence properties which truly adhered on the surface of nickel foam. The K2S2O8 was used as strong co‐reactant for this purpose. The silica template plays an important role in controlling the size of ZnO nanocrystals. The Physical morphology of the ZnO/Ni‐foam electrode was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), X‐Ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The ultra‐sensitive electrochemiluminescence method was successfully used for ultra‐trace determination of imidacloprid. The linear dynamic range and low detection limit were obtained 3×10−14 −8×10−8 M and 4.4×10−15 M, respectively. Also, the relative standard deviation for 15 repetitive optical signals was calculated 1.09 %.The present ECL sensor exhibited superior performance toward the accurate determination of imidacloprid with good reproducibility and stability.
Safety evaluation of arabinase (arabinan endo‐1,5‐α‐L‐arabinanase) from Aspergillus tubingensis
Authors: Okado Nobuo , Sugi Mai , Kasamoto Sawako , Mizuhashi Fukutaro , Roberts Ashley , Danielewska‐Nikiel Barbara , Sulaiman Christina , Pham Sa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractArabinase is an enzyme recognized for its ability to degrade arabinan, a plant cell wall constituent. It has been applied in the food industry most commonly for juice processing. One commercial source of arabinase is Aspergillus tubingensis (A. tubingensis), a black Aspergillus species. Given the intended use in food for human consumption, and noting its potential presence at trace levels in finished products, a series of safety studies including in vitro Ames and chromosome aberration assays, in vivo mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus and alkaline comet assays, and a 90‐day rat oral toxicity study were conducted. No test article‐related mutagenic activity was observed in the Ames assay. Although positive activity was observed in the chromosome aberration assay, this was not replicated in the in vivo genotoxicity assays including in preabsorptive cells. In the subchronic toxicity study, no test article‐related adverse effects were observed following oral administration of arabinase at doses of 15.3, 153, or 1,530 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight/day to Sprague Dawley rats. The no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level was considered to be the highest dose tested (1,530 mg TOS/kg body weight/day). The results of the genotoxicity studies and the subchronic toxicity study support the safe use of arabinase from A. tubingensis in food production.
Physiochemical properties of short‐term frying oil for chicken wing and its oxidative stability in an oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Jiang He , Chen Wenwei , Jia Zhenbao , Tao Fei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the physiochemical properties of corn oil and its oxidative stability in an O/W emulsion were studied following short‐term (120 min) deep‐frying of chicken wing. The results showed that the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in corn oil decreased after frying. Furthermore, total polar compound content in frying oil was significantly increased to 11.3%. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) indicated that hydrolysis and oxidation reactions involving triglycerides occurred after frying. Additionally, the increased a* and b* values demonstrated that deep‐frying greatly enhanced the intensity of the red and yellow colors of corn oil. Frying reduced the oxidative stability of corn oil in an O/W emulsion as determined by the peroxide value and acid value. These findings indicated that short‐term deep‐frying of chicken wing deteriorated the quality of corn oil and decreased its oxidative stability in an O/W emulsion. Consumers should consider the potential hazards of food containing short‐term deep‐frying oil.
Transcriptomic effect marker patterns of genotoxins – a comparative study with literature data
Authors: Kreuzer Katrin , Frenzel Falko , Lampen Alfonso , Braeuning Albert , Böhmert Linda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicroarray approaches are frequently used experimental tools which have proven their value for example in the characterization of the molecular mode of action of toxicologically relevant compounds. In a regulatory context, omics techniques are still not routinely used, amongst others due to lacking standardization in experimental setup and data processing, and also due to issues with the definition of adversity. In order to exemplarily determine whether consensus transcript biomarker signatures for a certain toxicological endpoint can be derived from published microarray datasets, we here compared transcriptome data from human HepaRG hepatocarcinoma cells treated with different genotoxins, based on re‐analyzed datasets extracted from the literature. Comparison of the resulting data show that even with similarly‐acting compounds in the same cell line, considerable variation was observed with respect to the numbers and identities of differentially expressed genes. Greater concordance was observed when considering the whole data sets and biological functions associated with the genes affected. The present results highlight difficulties and possibilities in inter‐experiment comparisons of omics data and underpin the need for future efforts towards improved standardization to facilitate the use of omics data in risk assessment. Existing omics datasets may nonetheless prove valuable in establishing biological context information essential for the development of adverse outcome pathways.
Meso‐macroporous crack‐free nanohydroxyapatite coatings templated by C12E10 diblock copolymer on Ti6Al4V implant materials toward human osteoblast‐like cells
Authors: Sharafipour Marjan , Oveisi Hamid , Meshkini Azadeh 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMeso‐macroporous nanohydroxyapatite coatings (MHACs) were synthesized on Ti6Al4V implant materials calcined at different temperatures using a nonionic diblock copolymer template (C12E10) by sol–gel and dip‐coating methods. To improve the bonding strength between the substrate and coating, a TiO2 intermediate layer was applied on the surface of the substrates. The physicochemical and structural properties of MHAC samples were fully studied by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, and contact angle measurements. Based on the data obtained, the hydroxyapatite phase with a flower‐like morphology was formed on the Ti6Al4V substrates in all of the samples. According to confocal optical microscopy and FESEM images, there was no macrocrack and microcrack on the MHACs, whereas they were accompanied by macroporosities and mesoporosities on top of the coatings. By increasing the calcination temperature from 500°C to 650°C, the crystallite sizes increased, while the surface roughness value and hydrophilicity decreased. A reduction in specific surface area and an increase in the pore diameters occurred as the calcination temperature increased. In addition, the assessment of protein adsorption behavior over the samples revealed that the adsorption amounts significantly increased as the substrates were coated with HAP; however, the affinity of surface for protein adsorption was strictly dependent on the surface topography and hydrophilicity. in vitro cellular assay disclosed a great cytocompatibility in terms of adhesion and proliferation in MHAC samples as compared with that in TiO2‐coated and bare substrates. Regarding the physicochemical properties and biological studies, MHAC calcined at 650°C was deemed optimal for bone tissue engineering.
A Hydrogel Vitreous Substitute that Releases Antioxidant
Authors: Tram Nguyen K. , Jiang Pengfei , Torres‐Flores Tiara C. , Jacobs Kane M. , Chandler Heather L. , Swindle‐Reilly Katelyn E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent experimental vitreous substitutes only replace the physical functions of the natural vitreous humor. Removal of the native vitreous disrupts oxygen homeostasis in the eye, causing oxidative damage to the lens that likely results in cataract formation. Neither current clinical treatments nor other experimental vitreous substitutes consider the problem of oxidative stress after vitrectomy. To address this problem, biomimetic hydrogels are prepared by free radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. These hydrogels have similar mechanical and optical properties to the vitreous. The hydrogels are injectable through small‐gauge needles and demonstrate in vitro biocompatibility with human retinal and lens epithelial cells. The hydrogels and added vitamin C, an antioxidant, show a synergistic effect in protecting ocular cells against reactive oxygen species, which fulfills a chemical function of the natural vitreous. These hydrogels have the potential to prevent post‐vitrectomy cataract formation and reduce the cost of additional surgeries.
Grain morphology and texture evolution of TC21 titanium alloy during annealing with different time
Authors: Xin L.‐P. , Wang K. , Yan Z.‐B. , Li D.‐R. , Xin R.‐L. , Liu Q. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA homogeneous equiaxed‐structure TC21 titanium alloy is hot rolled and annealed for different time ranging from 1 h to 6 h. The grain morphology and texture evolution of α and β phases during annealing are mainly investigated using the electron back‐scattered diffraction characterization. In the early annealing stage, the α grain mainly maintains the elongated morphology generated in the rolling. With increasing annealing time, more and more elongated α grains become equiaxed due to enhanced static recrystallization and boundary splitting. Differently, the β grain exhibits a fully equiaxed morphology all the time due to the sufficient static recrystallization, and get a coarsening with increasing annealing time. The α phase exhibits a (0001) basal texture in the early annealing stage, and then forms a TD‐split texture with increasing annealing time. The β phase exhibits the {001}<110> texture at every annealing time. Based on the analysis about the texture of different grain sizes, the effects of recrystallization nucleation and oriented growth on texture evolution are discussed. It suggests that TD‐split texture in α phase is originated from both the recrystallization nucleation and oriented growth. The formation of {001}<110> texture in β phase is mainly originated from the oriented growth.
Combining In Vitro Data and Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling Facilitates Reverse Dosimetry to Define In Vivo Dose–Response Curves for Bixin‐ and Crocetin‐Induced Activation of PPARγ in Humans
Authors: Suparmi Suparmi , de Haan Laura , Spenkelink Albertus , Louisse Jochem , Beekmann Karsten , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: December 2019

ScopeIt is investigated whether at realistic dietary intake bixin and crocetin could induce peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ)‐mediated gene expression in humans using a combined in vitro–in silico approach.Methods and resultsConcentration–response curves obtained from in vitro PPARγ‐reporter gene assays are converted to in vivo dose–response curves using physiologically based kinetic modeling‐facilitated reverse dosimetry, from which the benchmark dose levels resulting in a 50% effect above background level (BMD50) are predicted and subsequently compared to dietary exposure levels. Bixin and crocetin activated PPARγ‐mediated gene transcription in a concentration‐dependent manner with similar potencies. Due to differences in kinetics, the predicted BMD50 values for in vivo PPARγ activation are about 30‐fold different, amounting to 115 and 3505 mg kg bw−1 for crocetin and bixin, respectively. Human dietary and/or supplemental estimated daily intakes may reach these BMD50 values for crocetin but not for bixin, pointing at better possibilities for in vivo PPARγ activation by crocetin.ConclusionBased on a combined in vitro–in silico approach, it is estimated whether at realistic dietary intakes plasma concentrations of bixin and crocetin are likely to reach concentrations that activate PPARγ‐mediated gene expression, without the need for a human intervention study.
Tracing the Anti‐Inflammatory Mechanism/Triggers of d‐Allulose: A Profile Study of Microbiome Composition and mRNA Expression in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Han Youngji , Yoon Joon , Choi Myung‐Sook 
Published: December 2019

ScopeThe results of recent studies on d‐allulose intervention in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed mice suggest that d‐allulose has a substantial impact on obesity. In addition, several studies have uncovered bacterial candidates among the gut microbiota associated with obesity and inflammation in mice. To identify the d‐allulose‐attenuated genes related to the inflammation‐associated bacterial candidates, two types of statistical analyses are performed.Methods and resultsUsing liver and epididymal fat tissues, genes with expression levels that recovered from HFD‐induced dysregulation are identified through differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. Finally, correlation‐based network analysis between the diet, microbes, and the candidates identified from DEG analysis reveal 20 genes that showed anti‐obesogenic patterns and associations with Lactobacillus and Coprococcus, which are representative bacterial candidates associated with inflammation and obesity.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that d‐allulose closely interacts with the candidate genes and microbes to alleviate weight gain and inflammation, partly via down regulation of Gm12250 expression in multiple tissues and increases the Lactobacillus and Coprococcus in gut microbiota composition.
Development of a tunable terahertz absorber based on temperature control
Authors: Jianjun Liu , Lanlan Fan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetamaterial structure‐based terahertz absorbers all are passive, once the preparation is complete, their absorption properties are also determined unable to adapt to the increasingly complex electromagnetic environment. In this paper, a kind of phase change film‐based tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber is proposed. And on the basis of current three‐layer type terahertz absorber on present metamaterial structure, a layer of vanadium dioxide (VO2) phase change film is added to change the conductivity of VO2 by controlling ambient temperature, so as to trigger the insulator metal transition characteristics of VO2 film, which can control the absorption rate of terahertz metamaterial absorber. Theoretically, design scheme in this paper has 80% modulation depth to the amplitude of absorption. That is, tunable terahertz electromagnetic absorber has potential application value in electromagnetic stealth in terahertz band, radiation detectors, and broadband communication fields.
Perioperative diabetes: the challenges and strategies for glycaemic control management
Authors: Millar Kate , Cummings Michael , Cranston Iain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPerioperative diabetes care is an important area of focus for several reasons. As in the general population, the prevalence of diabetes in the surgical population is growing and remains associated with increased risks, including excess morbidity, mortality and prolonged length of stay. Secondly, reviews of the quality of inpatient diabetes care through the National Diabetes Inpatient Audit and the 2018 National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death Perioperative Diabetes report have emphasised the need for improvements in care which have the potential to improve outcomes for this group of patients. This article discusses some of the challenges and proposed strategies to tackle this issue including clinical leadership, updating processes and multidisciplinary working as well as the applications of new technologies. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2019; 36(6): 207–211
Structural and biochemical analysis of the metallo‐β‐lactamase L1 from emerging pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia revealed the subtle but distinct di‐metal scaffold for catalytic activity
Authors: Kim Youngchang , Maltseva Natalia , Wilamowski Mateusz , Tesar Christine , Endres Michael , Joachimiak Andrzej 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEmergence of Enterobacteriaceae harboring metallo‐β‐lactamases (MBL) has raised global threats due to their broad antibiotic resistance profiles and the lack of effective inhibitors against them. We have been studied one of the emerging environmental MBL, the L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a. We determined several crystal structures of L1 complexes with three different classes of β‐lactam antibiotics (penicillin G, moxalactam, meropenem, and imipenem), with the inhibitor captopril and different metal ions (Zn+2, Cd+2, and Cu+2). All hydrolyzed antibiotics and the inhibitor were found binding to two Zn+2 ions mainly through the opened lactam ring and some hydrophobic interactions with the binding pocket atoms. Without a metal ion, the active site is very similarly maintained as that of the native form with two Zn+2 ions, however, the protein does not bind the substrate moxalactam. When two Zn+2 ions were replaced with other metal ions, the same di‐metal scaffold was maintained and the added moxalactam was found hydrolyzed in the active site. Differential scanning fluorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to study thermodynamic properties of L1 MBL compared with New Deli Metallo‐β‐lactamase‐1 (NDM‐1). Both enzymes are significantly stabilized by Zn+2 and other divalent metals but showed different dependency. These studies also suggest that moxalactam and its hydrolyzed form may bind and dissociate with different kinetic modes with or without Zn+2 for each of L1 and NDM‐1. Our analysis implicates metal ions, in forming a distinct di‐metal scaffold, which is central to the enzyme stability, promiscuous substrate binding and versatile catalytic activity.StatementThe L1 metallo‐β‐lactamase from an environmental multidrug‐resistant opportunistic pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia K279a has been studied by determining 3D structures of L1 enzyme in the complexes with several β‐lactam antibiotics and different divalent metals and characterizing its biochemical and ligand binding properties. We found that the two‐metal center in the active site is critical in the enzymatic process including antibiotics recognition and binding, which explains the enzyme's activity toward diverse antibiotic substrates. This study provides the critical information for understanding the ligand recognition and for advanced drug development.