bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implication of regular pulmonary function evaluation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lee Jang Woo , Kang Seong-Woong , Kim Eun Young , Choi Won Ah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Various factors are considered when determining the need to initiate noninvasive ventilation (NIV), for example hypoventilatory symptoms, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and end-tidal carbon dioxide. We aim to reveal the clinical importance of regular pulmonary function evaluation before the initiation of NIV by comparing Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with and without regular medical surveillance.
Methods

This retrospective study analyzes successful applications of NIV in our pulmonary rehabilitation center. We assigned 200 DMD patients, hospitalized between June 2006 and August 2019, to one of two groups, according to their follow-up status before NIV initiation. Group 1 (n = 102) had been followed-up regularly via the outpatient clinic at least twice a year. Group 2 (n = 98) was hypercapnic, either at the first visit, or re-visit after having missed the outpatient clinic appointment for more than one year.
Results

Significantly more patients were admitted via emergency room in group 2 (2.0% in group 1 and 28.6% in group 2). The patients’ age was higher in group 2 (18.3 ± 3.7 years in group and 21.2 ± 4.8 years in group 2). Ventilatory status evaluated by arterial blood gas analysis and transcutaneous continuous monitoring was better in group 1 than that of group 2. And all measures of pulmonary function, including FVC, peak cough flow, MIP, maximal expiratory pressure, and ventilatory status, were superior in group 1, too.
Conclusions

Regular follow-up before the onset of ventilatory insufficiency is crucial for the timely application of NIV, and appropriate NIV can exert a preventive effect on respiratory function deterioration.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS PASSAGEIROS NO ATENDIMENTO DE SUAS RECLAMAÇÕES: A POSIÇÃO DA AZUL LINHAS AÉREAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Marins Dayane Gonçalves , Souza Dantas José Carlos , Carvalho e Silva Erly Maria 
Published: June 2020

RESUMO O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção do passageiro no atendimento de suas reclamações realizadas no site Reclame Aqui sobre os principais serviços oferecidos pelo programa Experiência Azul. Relacionam-se transporte aéreo e turismo, discutem-se os conceitos presentes na qualidade em serviços, investiga-se e analisa a percepção dos passageiros no atendimento de suas reclamações. Para isso, lança-se mão da pesquisa documental com análise qualitativa a partir das reclamações selecionadas, utilizando o site Reclame Aqui. Como resultados principais identificou-se que os passageiros percebem como boa a qualidade do atendimento de suas reclamações, referentes aos principais serviços do programa Experiência Azul e que 84% dos passageiros voltariam a fazer negócios com a Azul. Espera-se que este trabalho contribua para a compreensão da importância de se utilizar ferramentas como o Reclame Aqui, no sentido de desenvolver práticas de hospitalidade em relação aos serviços prestados, na busca por melhoria na qualidade do que é oferecido ao usuário. Palavras-chave: Turismo; Transporte Aéreo; Qualidade em Serviços; Hospitalidade; Reclamações.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Nursing and Medical Students about HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Khosravi Ahmad , Sakhaee Saghar , Raei Mehdi 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Control and prevention of AIDS and hepatitis are one of the priorities of health care systems. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing and medical students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences about AIDS and hepatitis.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 203 medical and nursing students were selected through random sampling in 2018. The data were analyzed using chi-square, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level in all tests was 0.05.

Results:
The mean score of students' knowledge was 11.19 ± 3.39, of attitude was 74.38 ±7.09 and of practice was 19.81±3.42. Only 12.3% of the participating students had good knowledge and 34% had good and proper practice in controlling and preventing AIDS and hepatitis. There was a significant relationship between knowledge with the field of study, age and educational level (P≤0.05). However, no significant relationship was observed between practice and attitude with the field of study, age, and level of education (P≥0.05).

Conclusion:
Based on the average awareness and performance of students in the field of AIDS and hepatitis and the role of these factors in disease prevention and care improvement, more attention of faculties and educational hospitals of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences students' internship and internship is diverted to this issue and performing necessary educational interventions, such as holding workshops and educational conferences on these diseases before students start clinical work and repeat it in time of their presence in hospital settings, seems essential.
Spatial Modelling of Under-five Mortality in Lesotho with Reference to 2014 Demographic and Health Surveillance Dataset
Authors: Zondi Mthobisi Mxolisi , Mwambi Henry G , Melesse Sileshi Fanta 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Lesotho is the country located in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa countries where under-five mortality (U5M) is still a big issue due to some significant social and demographic risk factors. Hence, the investigation of some social and demographic factors that are associated with the U5M, is a critical problem that needs due consideration.

Methods:
This study used the 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS) that had a sample of over 9000 representative households. Individually, data consisting of a nationally representative sample of 9,543 households in the 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey were analysed. The Random Walk second-order (RW2) model was adopted for analysis. Maps construction and modelling were done through the spatially structured and unstructured random effects using the Gaussian Markov Random Field and a zero-mean Gaussian process, respectively. The full Bayesian inference was adopted to produce the results using the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) function in R-software.

Results:
In this study, age at death of an under-five child was found to have a linear association with the U5M in Lesotho. The non-stationary models outperform the stationary models. The low-risk pattern was found in the north of Lesotho, and the highest risk occurs in the centre through the south, east, west, southeast, and northwest. Breastfeeding has contributed significantly to under-five mortality to most of Lesotho districts.

Conclusion:
This study adopted the newly developed statistical models to model and mapped the U5M in Lesotho. The full Bayesian inference was used to produce the results using R-INLA package. The findings from this study can help introduce new policies that will help reduce disparity in Lesotho.
Comparing the results of invasive candidiasis prevention with anidulafungin vs. the lipid formulation of amphotericin B in high-risk patients in the early postoperative period after liver transplantation
Authors: Zhuravel S. V. , Kuznetsova N. K. , Utkina I. I. , Novruzbekov M. S. , Gavrilov P. V. , Chernenkaya T. V. , Ospanova G. K. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The development of invasive candidiasis leads to high mortality after liver transplantation. Choosing an effective prophylaxis is an important task.The study purpose was to compare the results of invasive candidiasis prevention with anidulafungin vs. the lipid formulation of amphotericin B in high-risk patients in the early postoperative period after liver transplantation. Material and methods. The study included 80 patients with risk factors for the development of invasive mycosis who underwent liver transplantation. Patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (n = 40), anidulafungin was prescribed for prophylaxis; in the 2nd group (n = 40), the lipid complex of amphotericin B was used.Results. The most common of Candida spp. isolated in the patients of our study, as expected, was Candida albicans accounting for 31.2%, significantly less than a half. Neither fungal infection breakthrough nor invasive mycosis development were reported in any patient. In group 2, renal replacement therapy was significantly more frequently used. In two cases, the amphotericin B lipid complex was canceled and the conversion to echinocandin was undertaken due to the occurrence of adverse events (chills and fever) associated, in our opinion, with the drug used. Conclusions. 1. Patients after liver transplantation with 2 or more risk factors have absolute indications to invasive mycosis prevention. 2. Anidulafungin and the lipid formulation of amphotericin B are effective for prophylaxis and prevention of fungal infection breakthrough. 3. Anidulafungin has an advantage in safety over the lipid formulation of amphotericin B.
Biomarkers of tolerance and immunological monitoring in liver transplantation
Authors: Syutkin V. E. , Borovkova N. V. , Novruzbekov M. S. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction. We reviewed the literature data on clinical and laboratory parameters that allow predicting the development of operational tolerance in liver transplant recipients after their complete weaning from immunosuppressive therapy. The aim was to identify possible biomarkers of tolerance in liver transplant recipients with the successful complete weaning from immunosuppression for subsequent implementation in routine clinical practice. The cellular, humoral, and molecular markers of the liver transplant recipients who were completely withdrawn from immunosuppressive therapy without the development of graft dysfunction were estimated. The authors underlined the necessity of clinical trials for identifying biomarkers of the operational tolerance development.
CT-perfusion in assessment of the malignant gliomas hemodynamics
Authors: Shults E. I. , Pronin I. N. , Batalov A. I. , Solozhentseva K. D. , Pavlova G. V. , Drozd S. F. , Belyaev A. Yu. , Maryashev S. A. , Pitskhelauri D. I. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To study the role of CT perfusion in the differential diagnosis of histological subtypes of supratentorial malignant gliomas and to determine the degree of their malignancy. Materials and methods. The study included 34 patients (20 men and 14 women, with an average age of 52 years) with newly detected supratenorial glial tumors, who subsequently underwent neurosurgical treatment in the NMIC of neurosurgery with histological verification of the diagnosis. Depending on the histological diagnosis, three groups of patients were identified: 1) anaplastic astrocytomas, 2) glioblastomas, 3) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. The CT-perfusion protocol was performed on a 64-slice Optima 660 (GE) scanner and consisted of three separate parts: a low-dose axial CT of the brain with a slice thickness of 5 mm (90 kV), a perfusion protocol performed according to a prolonged scheme, with two consecutive continuous series of scans, and a post-contrast series of CT images in a spiral scanning mode. In addition, all patients underwent an MRI examination (using a Signa Hdxt 3.0 T (GE) MR scanner, in T2, T2-FLAIR, SWAN, DWI, and T1 modes before and after contrast enhancement).Results. The study demonstrated that anaplastic astrocytomas are characterized by significantly low absolute and normalized hemodynamics parameters (BF, BV, PS) when compared with glioblastomas, and significantly low absolute maximum values of blood flow (BF) and blood volume (BV) when compared with the group of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. CT perfusion using the normalized permeability index (PS) can reliably differentiate glioblastomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Perfusion parameters, both absolute and normalized, did not show statistically significant differences in the differential diagnosis of various molecular and genetic subtypes of anaplastic astrocytomas.Conclusion. CT perfusion using all hemodynamic parameters demonstrated high reliability and efficacy in distinguishing between glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas. Further research is required to evaluate the effectiveness of the method in distinguishing glioblastomas from anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.
First experience of lung ultrasound application in patients with acute viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Petrikov S. S. , Роpugaev K. A. , Khamidova L. T. , Rybalko N. V. , Abuchina V. M. , Alekseechkina O. A. 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the studywas the estimation of lung ultrasound examination characteristic in patients with a new COVID-19 virus infection in the infectious Department.Materials and methods. 52 patients (male 29, middle age 51.2 ± 3.4) with an established coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19 virus were participated in the research. The severity of the patients’ clinical condition was assessed by the NEWS scale. An ultrasound lungs examination was performed on the 1st day an ESAOTE MyLab 70 (Italy) device with S 3–5 MHz Probe. Ultrasound scanning was performed along the main topographic lines (midthoracic, anterior, middle and posterior axillary, scapular lines in the longitudinal and transverse planes).Results. Pathological ultrasound signs of lung tissue damage were determined in COVID–19 patients. Multiple B-lines were detected in all patients (100%): in 34 cases – merging B-lines, in 18 cases – scattered B-lines. Changes of the pleural line structure were visualized in all cases: thickening of more than 2 mm – in 33 cases, and discontinuous contours – in 25 cases. Нydrothorax was determined in 39 cases (75%); marginal zones of lung consolidation – in all patients (100%): homogeneous consolidations were observed in 38 cases (73.0%); heterogeneous consolidations (26%) – in 14 cases.Conclusions. Ultrasound lung scanning is an assistive method viral pneumonia diagnosing caused by the new COVID-19 coronavirus. The method can be applied in clinical situations where there is a mild course of the disease, if it is impossible to perform the research and to monitor patients who are on a ventilator. The advantages of the method include the ability to obtain a dynamic image in online mode, the ability to conduct research in the patient's bed. In addition, ultrasound scanning of lung tissue, in contrast to CT of the lungs, has an advantage in recognizing interstitial lesions and displays the distribution of blood flow in tissues with an assessment of the degree of angiogenesis in inflammatory viral lung lesions.
OPTIMIZACIJA RADA VETROTURBINE UPOTREBOM MAŠINSKOG UČENJA
Authors: Rašeta Nataša , Katić Vladimir 
Published: June 2020

Fokus ovog rada jeste na energiji vetra i optimizaciji rada vetroturbine. Konkretno, problematika je usmerena ka sistemu za praćenje smera vetra koji predstavlja jedan od ključnih faktora za proizvodnju energije. Promatrana je kalibracija i optimizacija ugla uređaja za merenje smera vetra koji se nalazi na kućištu vjetroturbine. Za rešenje ovog problema upotrebljeno je mašinsko učenje nakon čega su prikazani i rezultati simulacije sa zaključkom.
IMPLEMENTING A COMMON APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING IN THE SECOND YEAR OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Meunier Louise , Hudon Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

At the undergraduate level, chemical engineering students must learn how to solve complex problems, but many students fail to apply effective problem-solving techniques taught in fundamental science courses. Because these techniques are not consistently presented and reinforced, instructors and students often interpret poor capabilities in problem solving to misunderstandings of fundamentals or to gaps in mathematical knowledge. In this contribution, a previously proposed concept map aimed at ascribing a common approach to problem solving is further explored in a sequence of two junior-level chemical engineering courses. The difficulties of implementing a common problem-solving approach are discussed, and a hierarchy of problem solving is proposed – based on a combination of learning theories – to structure a problem-solving methodology from junior to senior level as well as toward graduate studies and professional practice. Preliminary results indicate that students benefiting from this structured approach exhibit improved confidence in their problem-solving abilities. The proposed concept map forms the basis of future stages of the project, including curriculum and teaching innovations.
التنظيم القانوني لحقوق ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة (دراسة تحليلية)
Authors: Taha Ahmad N. , Jangeer Faris Ali 
Published: June 2020

نظراً لحاجة ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة الى الحصول على تدابير خاصة، الغاية منها تسهيل اندماجهم مع المجتمع، وتخفيف العبء عنهم من جراء اصابتهم، ليتمكنوا من ممارسة حياتهم بشكل محترم وكريم، وهذا يتم حتما عن طريق سن التشريعات القانونية وتطويرها، من اجل تحقيق غاية انسانية عليا الا وهي الحصول على قدر ولو نسبي من المساوات مع المواطنين العاديين.
استناداً الى ذلك يتناول البحث التنظيم القانوني لحقوق ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، وذلك بتحديد حقوق هذه الشريحة وفق التشريعات النافذة في العراق والاتفاقيات والصكوك الدولية، من خلال تسليط الضوء على الفقرات والمواد المنظمة لذلك وبيان مواطن الخلل والقصور فيها، وتعيين النصوص البديلة بشكل ينسجم مع المعايير الدولية لحقوق الانسان.
وبما ان بحثنا ينصب على تحديد حقوق ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة وفق التشريعات العراقية، فسنعتمد على منهج تحليلي مقارن من خلال تحليل نصوص قانون رعاية ذوي الاعاقة والاحتياجات الخاصة رقم (38) لسنة 2013، ومقارنتها مع التشريعات الأخرى المتعلقة بالموضوع، فضلا عن الاتفاقيات الدولية الخاصة بذلك والتي انضمت اليها دولة العراق.
ينقسم البحث الى مبحثين، في الأول يبين الحقوق المدنية والسياسية والثقافية لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة، أما في الثاني تم تخصيصه للحقوق المالية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية لذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة. وفي الختام حاول الباحثان الوصول الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات فيها يقترح نصوص تشريعية تنسجم مع متطلبات العصر الحديث لتحقيق فعالية وعدالة بحق هذه الشريحة في العراق واقليم كوردستان.
علاقة القوة الانفجارية للرجلين والذراعين والمميزة بالسرعة للرجلين بدقة التصويب من القفز عاليا بكرة اليد (بحث وصفي على طالبات مرحلة الثانية في كلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة دهوك )
Authors: Abdulrahman Chyavan Mohammed , Nabi Dilovan A. 
Published: June 2020

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على العلاقة القوة الانفجارية للرجلين بدقة التصويب من القفز عاليا في كرة اليد لدى طالبات مرحلة الثانية في كلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة دهوك.وكذلك التعرف على العلاقة القوة الانفجارية للذراعين بدقة التصويب من القفز عاليا في كرة اليد لدى طالبات مرحلة الثانية في كلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة دهوك .بالاضافة الى التعرف على العلاقة القوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين بدقة التصويب من القفز عاليا في كرة اليد لدى طالبات مرحلة الثانية في كلية التربية الرياضية بجامعة دهوك.
وقد استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي لملائمته لطبيعة البحث ومشكلته. شملت مجتمع البحث من طالبات المرحلة الثانية والبالغ عددهن (38) طالبة حيث تم اختيارهن بصورة عمدية، أما عينة البحث فقد تم اختيارهن بالطريقة العشوائية والبالغ عددهن (24) بعد ان تم استبعاد الطالبات المصابات واللذين تغيبن عن الاختبارات كما تم اختيار (5) طالبات للتجربة الاستطلاعية وبهذا تكون النسبة المئوية لعينة البحث هي (63%).
وقد استنتج الباحثان بانه هناك علاقة قوية موجبة بين صفتي القوة الانفجارية للذراعين والقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين ودقة التصويب من القفز عاليا لعينة البحث وعدم ظهور علاقة موجبة بين صفة القوة الانفجارية للرجلين ودقة التصويب من القفز عاليا لعينة البحث.
كما يوصي الباحثان التأكید أثناء فترة التدريس مادة كرة اليد وخاصة فترة الاحماء على تطویر القوة الانفجاریة للرجلین والقوة المميزة بالسرعة للرجلين لما له من أهمیته الكبیرة في دقة التصویب واجراء بحوث مشابه لبحث الحالي ولكن على طلبة المرحلة الثانية.
Efficiency of Endovascular Haemostasis at Delivery in Patients with Previa and Placenta Invasion
Authors: Makukhina T. B. , Khorolsky V. A. , Nikitin S. P. , Bukhtoyarov A. Yu. , Solntseva A. V. , Tabelova M. A. , Sumaneeva A. S. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. Analysis of operative delivery outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal invasive placenta depending on the endovascular treatment for intraoperative haemostasis.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of operative delivery outcomes was performed in 178 patients with placental invasion using ultrasonography (US) data obtained at the Perinatal Centre of the Regional Clinic Hospital No. 2, Ministry of Health of Krasnodar Krai, in the years 2012–2018. In 2012–2014, delivery was managed without endovascular haemostasis (n = 44), and from May 2014 to December 2018 – with prophylactic balloon catheterization of common iliac arteries (n = 134). Upon intraoperative diagnosis of placental invasion, temporary balloon occlusion (TBO, n = 115) and/or uterine artery embolization (UAE, n = 33) were performed. Efficiency of endovascular methods for intraoperative haemostasis was assessed by comparing the degree of placental invasion, amount of blood loss and transfusion, frequency of hysterectomies (HE), duration of surgery, length of stay in intensive care units (ICU) and outcomes for the foetus.Results. Adoption of endovascular methods for intraoperative haemostasis allowed the blood loss (p = 0.02), haemotransfusion (p = 0.012) and HE frequency (p <0.001) to be significantly reduced. In the absence of clinical and histological manifestations of placental invasion, no difference in blood loss was detected between the groups. The amount of blood loss increased with the degree of invasion. Surgery duration in patients with TBO was signifi cantly longer (p = 0.04). No difference was detected between the groups with respect to the ICU length of stay and outcomes for the foetus.Conclusions. Establishment of endovascular haemostasis at the planned delivery of pregnant women with abnormal invasive placenta allows the blood loss and HE frequency to be reduced. Further improvement of US diagnostics of placental invasions is essential in pre-selection of patients for X-ray surgical care.
Analysis of the Competitive Advantages of Kazakhstan Medical Services in Terms of Attracting Foreign Patients
Authors: Baymenova A. S. , Zhakenova S. R. , Kuanyshbayeva B. 
Published: June 2020

Aim. To analyse the current state of the medical services market in Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) in terms of providing medical care to foreign patients.Materials and methods. The dynamics of medical tourism in Nur-Sultan was identified using the method of retrospective analysis. The main clinics providing medical tourism services in the capital city of Kazakhstan were characterised in terms of their advantages over competitor centres.Results. A prerequisite for the development of medical tourism in a certain country is the development of the whole country as a tourist destination. The recognition of a country as a safe destination by international tourism rankings contributes to the confidence of medical tourists in the quality of the services provided. The following advantages of Nur-Sultan determining its potential as a medical tourism destination were identified: access to modern medical technologies and new facilities; a large number of medical institutions accredited by the Joint Commission International (JCI); a wide range of medical directions; a convenient geographical location; reasonable costs of medical services; security and political stability; the lack of a language barrier for patients from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).Conclusions. The capital city of Kazakhstan demonstrates a growing trend in the number of medical tourists. The largest number of tourists is currently from the CIS countries: Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia. It can be considered that, under a proper governmental policy, Kazakhstan’s potential as a medical tourism destination will be realised in the nearest future.