bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesundheitsberichterstattung im Rahmen von Public Health Surveillance: Das Beispiel Diabetes
Authors: Reitzle Lukas , Paprott Rebecca , Färber Francesca , Heidemann Christin , Schmidt Christian , Thamm Roma , Scheidt-Nave Christa , Ziese Thomas 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungEine Kernaufgabe von Public Health ist die kontinuierliche Erfassung und Analyse von gesundheitsbezogenen Daten zu relevanten Krankheiten (Surveillance). Sie dient der zeitnahen Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Gesundheit in der Bevölkerung. Dafür müssen relevante Informationen zur richtigen Zeit und in geeigneter Weise für die entscheidenden Zielgruppen bereitgestellt werden (Dissemination).Eine Disseminationsstrategie unterstützt die effektive Ergebniskommunikation und berücksichtigt 3 Kernfragen: (1) „Was sind die relevanten Inhalte der Surveillance?“, (2) „Wer benötigt welche Informationen?“ und (3) „Wie werden die Ergebnisse den Zielgruppen bereitgestellt?“ Die Digitalisierung eröffnet hierbei neue Möglichkeiten für die Gestaltung der Formate.Seit 2015 wird am Robert Koch-Institut die Diabetes-Surveillance aufgebaut. In einem strukturierten Konsensprozess wurden 4 gesundheitspolitisch relevante Handlungsfelder mit 40 Kennzahlen (Indikatoren) definiert. Anschließend wurden gemeinsam mit dem wissenschaftlichen Projektbeirat unter Berücksichtigung neuer Möglichkeiten durch die Digitalisierung erste Publikationsformate erarbeitet. Neben Artikeln in Fachzeitschriften stellen der Bericht „Diabetes in Deutschland“ und eine Webseite mit interaktiver Visualisierung der Ergebnisse die wichtigsten Formate der ersten Projektphase dar. Begleitend werden Twitter und Youtube für die Erhöhung der Reichweite genutzt.In der nächsten Projektphase steht neben der Weiterentwicklung des Indikatorensets der Ausbau der Dissemination hin zu einer nutzer- und handlungsorientierten Berichterstattung im Mittelpunkt. In engem Austausch mit dem wissenschaftlichen Beirat sollen Anforderungen der Zielgruppen erfasst und in der Entwicklung weiterer Formate berücksichtigt werden.
Morphological parameters of middle cerebral arteries associated with aneurysm formation
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Juan , Li Ting , Mei Mingjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this work was to investigate the correlation between morphological parameters of the MCA and the formation of aneurysms.MethodsMCA aneurysms were diagnosed in 122 cases using CT angiography (including 30 cases of M1 proximal aneurysms, 70 cases of M1 bifurcation aneurysms, and 22 cases of distal aneurysms). Images from these cases were retrospectively compared with images from 50 healthy controls. Morphological parameters including the angle of the MCA with the ICA (α) and the ACA (β) were evaluated in the three aneurysm groups and the control group; parent-daughter angles (γ1,γ2), bifurcation angles (γ3), bifurcation diameters, angle ratios, and branch diameter ratios were also compared between the bifurcation aneurysm group and the control group. The blood vessel parameters between the aneurysm groups and controls were analyzed statistically.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference inαbetween the three groups of aneurysms and the control group (P= 0.381). In comparingβbetween the three groups of aneurysms and the control group, statistically significant differences were only observed between the MCA distal aneurysm group and the control group (P= 0.010). Compared with the control group, MCA bifurcation aneurysms were associated with largerγ3and smallerγ1andγ2(P< 0.001). This resulted in significantly larger angle ratios in the MCA bifurcation aneurysm group (P< 0.001). For the diameter measurements, the bifurcation diameter of the MCA bifurcation aneurysms was significantly smaller (P= 0.001).ConclusionThe formation of MCA aneurysms is related to morphological parameters.
Metagenomic Studies in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Authors: Godlewska Urszula , Brzoza Piotr , Kwiecień Kamila , Kwitniewski Mateusz , Cichy Joanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNext-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies together with an improved access to compute performance led to a cost-effective genome sequencing over the past several years. This allowed researchers to fully unleash the potential of genomic and metagenomic analyses to better elucidate two-way interactions between host cells and microbiome, both in steady-state and in pathological conditions. Experimental research involving metagenomics shows that skin resident microbes can influence the cutaneous pathophysiology. Here, we review metagenome approaches to study microbiota at this barrier site. We also describe the consequences of changes in the skin microbiota burden and composition, mostly revealed by these technologies, in the development of common inflammatory skin diseases.
Calcified brain metastases may be more frequent than normally considered
Authors: Rebella Giacomo , Romano Nicola , Silvestri Giulia , Ravetti Jean Louis , Gaggero Gabriele , Belgioia Liliana , Lupidi Francesco , Signori Alessio , Roccatagliata Luca , Saitta Laura , Castellan Lucio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo verify the incidence of calcified brain metastases (CBM), illustrating the different presentation patterns and histology of primary tumor.MethodsA series of 1002 consecutive brain computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with known primary tumors was retrospectively assessed. CBM were defined by the presence of calcification within intra-axial-enhancing lesions; identification of CBM was based on visual examination and ROI analysis (> 85 Hounsfield units). Also, calcifications in the primary tumor of all patients with brain metastases were evaluated. In CBM patients, we investigated the type of calcifications (punctate, nodular, cluster, ring, coarse), the histology of primary tumor, and if a previous RT was performed.ResultsAmong 190 (18.9%) patients with brain metastatic disease, 34 presented with CBM (17.9%). Sixteen patients were previously treated with RT, while 18 presented calcifications ab initio (9.5% of all brain metastases). The majority of patients with CBM had a primitive lung adenocarcinoma (56%), followed by breast ductal invasive carcinoma (20%) and small cell lung carcinoma (11.8%). CBM were single in 44.1% of patients and multiple in 55.9%. With regard to the type of calcifications, the majority of CBM were punctate, without specific correlations between calcification type and histology of primary tumor. No patients with ab initio CBM had calcifications in primary tumor.ConclusionIn conclusion, our data show that CBM are more common than usually thought, showing an incidence of 9.5% ab initio in patients with brain metastases. This study underlines that neuroradiologists should not overlook intraparenchymal brain calcifications, especially in oncologic patients.Key Points• Among the differential diagnosis of brain intraparenchymal calcifications, metastases are considered uncommon and found predominantly in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT).• Our data show that CBM are more common than usually thought, showing an incidence of 9.5% ab initio in patients with brain metastases.• A proportion of intraparenchymal brain calcifications, especially in oncologic patients, might represent evolving lesions and neuroradiologists should not overlook them to avoid a delay in diagnosis and treatment.
The comprehensive complication index (CCI): proposal of a new reporting standard for complications in major urological surgery
Authors: Kowalewski K. F. , Müller D. , Mühlbauer J. , Hendrie J. D. , Worst T. S. , Wessels F. , Walach M. T. , von Hardenberg J. , Nuhn P. , Honeck P. , Michel M. S. , Kriegmair M. C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The comprehensive complication index (CCI) is a new tool for reporting the cumulative burden of postoperative complications on a continuous scale. This study validates the CCI for urological surgery and its benefits over the Clavien-Dindo-Classification (Clavien).

Material and methods
Data from a prospectively maintained data base of all consecutive patients at a university care-center was analyzed. Complications after radical cystectomy (RC), radical prostatectomy (RP), and partial nephrectomy (PN) were classified using the CCI and Clavien system. Differences in complications between the CCI and the Clavien were assessed and correlation analyses performed. Sample size calculations for hypothetical clinical trials were compared between CCI and Clavien to evaluate whether the CCI would reduce the number of required patients in a clinical trial.

Results
682 patients (172 RC, 297 RP, 213 PN) were analyzed. Overall, 9.4–46.6% of patients had > 1 complication cumulatively assessed with the CCI resulting in an upgrading in the Clavien classification for 2.4–32.4% of patients. Therefore, scores between the systems differed for RC: CCI (mean ± standard deviation) 26.3 ± 20.8 vs. Clavien 20.4 ± 16.7, p < 0.001; PN: CCI 8.4 ± 14.7 vs. Clavien 7.0 ± 11.8, p < 0.001 and RP: CCI 5.8 ± 11.7 vs. Clavien 5.3 ± 10.6, p = 0.102. The CCI was more accurate in predicting LOS after RC than Clavien (p < 0.001). Sample size calculations based in the CCI (for future hypothetical trials) resulted in a reduction of required patients for all procedures (− 25% RC, − 74% PN, − 80% RP).

Conclusion
The CCI is more accurate to assess surgical complications and reduces required sample sizes that will facilitate the conduction of clinical trials.
Patient expectations are better for immunotherapy than traditional chemotherapy for cancer
Authors: Ihrig Andreas , Richter Jenniffer , Grüllich Carsten , Apostolidis Leonidas , Horak Peter , Villalobos Matthias , Grapp Miriam , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Maatouk Imad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe main aim of the study was to explore the expectations and knowledge of advanced-stage cancer patients about immunotherapy.MethodsThis mixed methods study included 53 cancer patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), 55 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT), and 53 non-cancer patients. Participants’ expectations about ICIs and CT were compared. Additional qualitative data were derived from semi-structured interviews.ResultsAmong patients who did not receive ICIs, 63 (58%) had never heard of ICIs and 94 (87%) had large gaps in their knowledge of ICIs. Among ICI patients, 33 (62%) simply described ICIs without errors. ICI perception was positive, regardless of whether respondents received or had heard of ICIs, which became particularly evident when compared to CT. ICIs were rated as more promising, and all adverse effects were expected to be significantly lower than those of CT. Knowledge about ICIs was also limited in the interviewed ICI patients. Some patients reported adverse effects of ICIs that were mostly mild and well-tolerated or easily treated.ConclusionsThe lack of understanding of ICIs should be improved by activities to increase the knowledge of ICI patients and the general population. In contrast to CT, ICIs invoked fewer negative associations with efficacy and toxicity. Therefore, attention should be paid to risk awareness when educating patients. (Clinical trial registration number: DRKS00011868)Trial Registration: German clinical trials register,www.germanctr.de, number DRKS00011868.
On Structural Parameterizations of the Bounded-Degree Vertex Deletion Problem
Authors: Ganian Robert , Klute Fabian , Ordyniak Sebastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe study the parameterized complexity of the Bounded-Degree Vertex Deletion problem (BDD), where the aim is to find a maximum induced subgraph whose maximum degree is below a given degree bound. Our focus lies on parameters that measure the structural properties of the input instance. We first show that the problem is W[1]-hard parameterized by a wide range of fairly restrictive structural parameters such as the feedback vertex set number, pathwidth, treedepth, and even the size of a minimum vertex deletion set into graphs of pathwidth and treedepth at most three. We thereby resolve an open question stated in Betzler, Bredereck, Niedermeier and Uhlmann (2012) concerning the complexity of BDD parameterized by the feedback vertex set number. On the positive side, we obtain fixed-parameter algorithms for the problem with respect to the decompositional parameter treecut width and a novel problem-specific parameter called the core fracture number.
Soft clustering by convex electoral model
Authors: Nesterov Yurii 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we suggest a new technique for soft clustering of multidimensional data. It is based on a new convex voting model, where each voter chooses a party with certain probability depending on the divergence between his/her preferences and the position of the party. The parties can react on the results of polls by changing their positions. We prove that under some natural assumptions this system has a unique fixed point, providing a unique solution for soft clustering. The solution of our model can be found either by imitation of the sequential elections, or by direct minimization of a convex potential function. In both cases, the methods converge linearly to the solution. We provide our methods with worst-case complexity bounds. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first polynomial-time complexity results in this field.
Extension of Castigliano’s method for isotropic beams
Authors: Schoeftner Juergen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the present contribution Castigliano’s theorem is extended to find more accurate results for the deflection curves of beam-type structures. The notion extension in the context of the second Castigliano’s theorem means that all stress components are included for the computation of the complementary strain energy, and not only the dominant axial stress and the shear stress. The derivation shows that the partial derivative of the complementary strain energy with respect to a scalar dummy parameter is equal to the displacement field multiplied by the normalized traction vector caused by the dummy load distribution. Knowing the Airy stress function of an isotropic beam as a function of the bending moment, the normal force, the shear force and the axial and vertical load distributions, higher-order formulae for the deflection curves and the cross section rotation are obtained. The analytical results for statically determinate and indeterminate beams for various load cases are validated by analytical and finite element results. Furthermore, the results of the extended Castigliano theory (ECT) are compared to Bernoulli–Euler and Timoshenko results, which are special cases of ECT, if only the energies caused by the bending moment and the shear force are considered. It is shown that lower-order terms for the vertical deflection exist that yield more accurate results than the Timoshenko theory. Additionally, it is shown that a distributed load is responsible for shrinking or elongation in the axial direction.
A principle of virtual power-based beam model reveals discontinuities in elastic support as potential sources of stress peaks in tramway rails
Authors: Kuttke Patricia , Hellmich Christian , Scheiner Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the question to which extent the stiffness of an elastic foundation in general, and of a discontinuity occurring in the foundation in particular, affects the stresses to which a beam resting on such a foundation is exposed to. This is particularly relevant for tramway rails, where foundation discontinuities may be generated in the course of maintenance works. In the presented work, the underlying mathematical framework was derived based on the principle of virtual power, using a suitable virtual velocity field and a foundation-related traction force vector as input quantities. The resulting mathematical expressions for the virtual powers performed by the internal and external forces were approximated based on Finite Element discretizations, and eventually solved correspondingly, in the format of sequential Finite Element analyses. Numerical studies, performed on a tramway rail-shaped beam, have confirmed that foundation discontinuities indeed induce substantial increases in the stress tensor components, when moving from regions of a high-stiffness foundation to regions of a low-stiffness foundation; as it may occur if specific sections of the tramway network get renewed.
Non-interferometric phase retrieval for collinear phase-modulated holographic data storage
Authors: Hao Jianying , Ren Yuhong , Zhang Yuanying , Wang Kun , Li Hui , Tan Xiaodi , Lin Xiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBecause of its simple optical system setup and robust noise tolerance, non-interferometric phase retrieval is an important technique for phase-modulated holographic data storage. Usually, the iterative algorithm of non-interferometry needs hundreds of iteration numbers to retrieve phase accurately, the data transfer rate decreases severely. Strong constraints such as adding embedded data into the phase data page can reduce the iteration numbers, but this method decreases the code rate severely. In this paper, we proposed the advanced non-interferometric phase retrieval method based on the collinear system. By encoding the reference beam of the collinear optical holographic storage system with embedded data, the storage space of the signal beam data page is completely released and the encoding rate is doubled. The embedded data can provide more modulation index including phase and amplitude to shorten iterations, so the data transfer rate is also increased. In the simulation, we recorded a four-level phase pattern and retrieved the phase correctly.
Does Touching Real Objects Affect Learning?
Authors: Novak Magdalena , Schwan Stephan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBased on theories of multimedia learning, the present study investigated whether the haptic sense serves as an additional channel to enhance the learning experience and learning outcomes. We therefore set up an experimental exhibition with two showrooms. In the first showroom, the sensory access of the participants to the exhibition objects was systematically varied in a 2 × 2 design with the between-subjects factors vision and haptics. While one group of participants could touch and see the objects, others could either only see or only touch them. The fourth group of participants found a showroom without objects. To address the auditory access, all participants were provided with information about each object via an audio guide. In the second showroom, further information was presented using posters. This showroom was the same for every participant. We aimed to investigate whether the haptic experience in the first showroom served as a motivator to engage further with the topic. The participants filled out questionnaires before visiting the first showroom, after visiting the first showroom, and after visiting the second showroom. To investigate the differences between the experimental groups on different outcomes, a memory test, a knowledge test, and various motivational-affective scales were used. The long-term effects of the information presentation were measured after 3 weeks. We found an advantage for recalling the objects and a heightened negative affect due to the haptic experience. Implications and further directions for this research will be discussed.
Patients with adrenal insufficiency have cardiovascular features associated with hypovolemia
Authors: Esposito Daniela , Bobbio Emanuele , Di Fraia Rosa , Mone Pasquale , Accardo Giacomo , De Bellis Annamaria , Iorio Sergio , Esposito Katherine , Marfella Raffaele , Johannsson Gudmundur , Ragnarsson Oskar , Pasquali Daniela 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Context
Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) have excess mortality and morbidity, mainly due to cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The mechanisms for this is unclear.

Objective
To assess CV structure and function in AI patients on conventional replacement therapy and after switching to once-daily, modified-release hydrocortisone (OD-HC) in comparison with healthy matched controls.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of 17 adult AI patients (11 with primary AI, 6 with secondary AI) on stable replacement with cortisone acetate [median (minimum, maximum) 33.5 (12.5–50) mg] and, if needed, fludrocortisone [0.1 (0.05–0.2) mg], and 17 healthy matched controls. Ten patients were switched to an equivalent dose of OD-HC. Data from echocardiography, 24 h Holter-ECG and 24 h blood pressure monitoring were collected at baseline and 6 months after the switch to OD-HC.

Results
At baseline, AI patients had smaller left ventricular diastolic diameter (47.1 ± 4.2 vs. 51.6 ± 2.3 mm; P = 0.001) and left atrial diameter (34.9 ± 4.7 vs. 38.2 ± 2.6 cm; P = 0.018), and a higher ejection fraction (62.5 ± 6.9% vs. 56.0 ± 4.7%; P = 0.003) than controls. AI patients had lower nocturnal systolic and diastolic blood pressure than controls (108 ± 15 mmHg vs. 117 ± 8 mmHg; P = 0.038 and 65 ± 9 mmHg vs. 73 ± 7 mmHg; P = 0.008, respectively). After the switch to OD-HC, nocturnal diastolic blood pressure normalised. No significant changes were observed in echocardiographic and Holter-ECG parameters following the switch.

Conclusions
AI patients on conventional treatment display cardiovascular abnormalities that could be related to hypovolemia. Switch to OD-HC seems to have beneficial effect on blood pressure profile, but no effect on cardiovascular structure and function.
Spiral path three phase fluidized bed reactor for treating wastewater contaminated with engine oil
Authors: Alwared Abeer I. , Jaber Wisam Sh. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, a new type of circulating three-phase fluidized bed reactor was conducted by adding a spiral path and was named as spiral three-phase fluidized bed reactor (TPFB-S) to investigate the possibility for removing engine oil (virgin and waste form) from synthetic wastewater by using Ricinus communis (RC) leaves natural and activated by KOH. The biosorption process was conducted by changing particle diameter in the range 150–300 and 300–600 µm, liquid flow rate in the range 2.5–4.5 L/min and gas flow rate in range of 0–1 L/min, while other parameters initial oil emulsion concentration, pH, adsorbent concentration, agitation speed and contact time were kept constant at 2000 mg/L, 2,400 mg/L, 200 rpm and 90 min, respectively. Both FTIR and SEM tests showed that the Ricinus communis surface contains of active and strong groups; therefore, it shows a morphological characteristic of interest. The tests of FTIR and SEM explained that the adsorbent solid texture consists of negative valences that related to strong and active groups like carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, the results showed that the removal efficiency reaches about 91 and 98% for both virgin and waste oil at 150–300 µm particle size, 3.5 l/min liquid phase flow rate and 1 L/min air flow rate and for 90 min by using natural and activated form of RC leaves, respectively. In addition, results revealed that 95% of oil was recovered from the adsorbent by using 150mL/L of hexane. Finally the results concluded that TPFB-S has a better performance than the traditional fluidized bed, where the removal efficiency was enhanced by about 23% and 17% for removing virgin oil emulsion from aqueous solution by natural and activated form of adsorbent, respectively.
Forbidden patterns in tropical plane curves
Authors: Joswig Michael , Tewari Ayush Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTropical curves in $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

correspond to metric planar graphs but not all planar graphs arise in this way. We describe several new classes of graphs which cannot occur. For instance, this yields a full combinatorial characterization of the tropically planar graphs of genus at most five.