bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gay (White) Male Speech and the E(race)sure of Identity
Authors: Cornelius Brianna R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Although a notable body of work has emerged describing gay male speech (GMS), its overlap with African American language (AAL) remains comparatively understudied. This chapter explores the assumption of whiteness that has informed research on gay identity and precluded intersectional considerations in sociolinguistic research. Examining the importance of racial identity, particularly Blackness, to the construction of gay identity in the United States, the chapter investigates the treatment of GMS as white by default, with the voices of gay men of color considered additive. The desire vs. identity debate in language and sexuality studies contributed to an understanding of gay identity as community-based practice, thereby laying a necessary framework for the study of GMS. However, this framework led to a virtually exclusive focus on white men’s language use. Although efforts to bring a community-based understanding to gay identity have been groundbreaking, the lack of consideration of intersectionality has erased contributions to GMS from racially based language varieties, such as AAL.
Neoliberal Pleasure: Intimate Talk about Female Sexual Experience
Authors: Couper Shannon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sociolinguists have investigated the language of sexual violence and consent at length, but sexual pleasure remains largely overlooked. Sexual pleasure has often been forgotten in the battle against rape culture, but this discussion centers it. First, relevant concepts from the sociolinguistic scholarship are positioned alongside queer feminist conceptions of sexual pleasure. The discussion then turns to New Zealand case studies of conversations in intimate friendships about sexual pleasure to demonstrate how navigating conflicting discourses transforms sexual pleasure into a neoliberal project. A critical response is offered in a consideration of pleasure activism and how further sociolinguistic attention can harness the political power of pleasure. Sexual pleasure is a significant contributor to advancing sexual liberation, and sociolinguistic efforts to understand these complexities are important. Without paying attention to how sexual experiences are made sense of in intimate conversations, there is a risk of ensnaring pleasure in traps of faux empowerment discourse and neoliberal constraints.
“Enjoy It, Destroy It?” 40 Years of Punk Rock Scholarship
Authors: Wright Lucy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews (English-language) punk scholarship since the origins of the music and the subculture in the mid-1970s, from Britain, the United States, and more broadly. It draws on over 150 sources. The aim of the chapter is to identify and articulate pertinent themes from across the spectrum of punk scholarship, and to explore ways in which punk rock has—to date—been conceived and conceptualized. It organizes the material into six categories: punk beginnings, politics, identities, materialities, spaces, and legacies.
The General Impact of Context on Aesthetic Experience
Authors: Pelowski Matthew , Specker Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses the general impact of context on the aesthetic experience. It is designed to anticipate the other chapters’ discussions of context’s specific areas—the social, the physical or institutional, information and framing, museums, background or personality-related features. Here, the authors offer a more general consideration discussing key aspects such as: What even is context? How can it best be thought about? What are the key issues that might be considered? And, especially, how can it be generally integrated into present knowledge of models of aesthetic processing experience? Beginning with the interest in context throughout the history of aesthetics, the chapter builds a presentation of empirical approaches and especially theory, focusing on context’s main layers and points of influence. It then discusses how key context issues might be considered in models of aesthetic processing, with the goal of providing a framework for better approaching context aspects in this book and in one’s own future studies. This is also interspersed with what the authors consider to be some of the more intriguing studies in order to spur readers’ thinking about the potential for studying context. The chapter concludes with some major issues, some candidates for future consideration, and suggestions for further reading and education.
TOWARDS NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR MAMMOGRAPHY IN SERBIA
Authors: Rafajlovic S , Ciraj-Bjelac O , Bozovic P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the possibility to set a national diagnostic reference levels (nDRLs) for diagnostic and screening mammography in Serbia based on local practice and available resources. This study included all types of mammography systems that are currently used in Serbia, namely screen-film mammography (SFM), computed radiography (CR) and full-field digital mammography (FFDM). The nDRLs are provided in terms of mean glandular dose (MGD) for different breast thicknesses simulated by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom. For each breast thickness, MGD was calculated for the X-ray tube output, using clinically used exposure parameters. DRLs were chosen as the 75th percentile of MGD distribution for 20-, 40-, 45-, 60- and 70-mm phantom thicknesses. For SFM units proposed nDRL values are 0.7, 2.1, 2.7, 4.6 and 6.8 mGy; for CR units proposed nDRL values are 0.7, 1.8, 2.4, 4.5 and 5.6 mGy; and corresponding values for FFDM units are 0.8, 1.7, 2, 2. and 3.2 mGy for 20-, 40-, 45-, 60- and 70-mm PMMA thickness, respectively.
Management of Patients With Graves Orbitopathy Using Endonasal Endoscopic Techniques
Authors: Gras-Cabrerizo Juan R. , Rodríguez-Álvarez Fernando , Gomez-Anson Beatriz , Cubero-Marcos José María , Martel-Martin Maria , Granell-Moreno Esther , Lopez-Vilas Montserrat , Montserrat-Gili Joan Ramon , Massegur-Solench Humbert 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The aim of the authors’ study is to show their surgical results in orbital decompression using different endonasal endoscopic techniques. These approaches are according to the degree of proptosis and the presence or not of sight threatening.

Methods:
The authors performed 31 orbital decompressions on 20 Graves orbitopathy patients. Average age at surgery was 52 years. There were 5 males and 15 females. Five patients were diagnosed as having severe or for sight-threatening Graves orbitopathy. These included 3 men and 2 women having an average age of 54 years old. Minimum postsurgical follow-up was 12 months in all patients.

Results:
Orbital decompression was performed in 15 patients for proptosis and in 5 patients for urgent sight threat. Thirteen orbits showed mild proptosis and 18 orbits presented moderate proptosis. In patients without sight threatening reduction of proptosis had a mean value of 2.8 mm as determined by exophtalmometry, being 3.3 mm when measured on magnetic resonance imaging. The mean millimeter in mild proptosis was between 1.5 and 1.7 and between 3.4 and 4.2 in moderate proptosis. In patients having sight threat mean visual acuity after surgery improved from 0.6 to 0.9.
Only 1 patient without diplopia preoperative developed diplopia after surgery (17%). In 55% of patients strabismus and/or eyelid surgery were required.
In postoperative follow-up, 2 patients developed a mucocele and 1 patient developed corneal erosion.

Conclusion:
The authors recommend the preservation of the periorbital sling and the anterior ethmoido-maxillary angle in patients with mild-moderate exophthalmos and without threatened vision. In case of sight threatening the authors resected the most periorbita as much as possible.
Evidence-based medicine Level V.
Delays, masks, the elderly, and schools: first COVID-19 wave in the Czech Republic
Authors: Smyčka Jan , Levínský René , Hromádková Eva , Šoltés Michal , Šlerka Josef , Tuček Vít , Trnka Jan , Šmíd Martin , Zajíček Milan , Diviák Tomáš , Neruda Roman , Vidnerová Petra , Berec Luděk 
Published: November 2020

Running across the globe for more than a year, the COVID-19 pandemic keeps demonstrating its strength. Despite a lot of understanding, uncertainty regarding the efficiency of interventions still persists. We developed an age-structured epidemic model parameterized with sociological data for the Czech Republic and found that (1) delaying the spring 2020 lockdown by four days produced twice as many confirmed cases by the end of the lockdown period, (2) personal protective measures such as face masks appear more effective than just a reduction of social contacts, (3) only sheltering the elderly is by no means effective, and (4) leaving schools open is a risky strategy. Despite the onset of vaccination, an evidence-based choice and timing of non-pharmaceutical interventions still remains the most important weapon against the COVID-19 pandemic.One sentence summaryWe address several issues regarding COVID-19 interventions that still elicit controversy and pursue ignorance
Evaluating the Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Moderate to Severe COVID-19 with Progressive Illness despite Steroids: Identifying the Optimal Timing of its Administration in C3G study
Authors: Madan Surabhi , Rana Manish , Gajjar Rohan , Shah Nitesh , Thakkar Vipul , Shah Bhagyesh , Dabhi Pradip , Patel Minesh , Shah Hardik , Chovatiya Rashmi , Soni Maulik , Bapat Nirav , Patel Amit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh mortality has been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Tocilizumab (TCZ), an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antagonist may be associated with improved outcomes in such patients; however, the subgroups of patients who benefit the most need to be identified.ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy and optimal timing of administration of TCZ in moderate to severe COVID-19 with features of CRS, where the response to steroids was poor.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 125 patients admitted between May 5 to July 31, 2020, in a tertiary care hospital in western India, with moderate to severe COVID-19 who were treated with TCZ along with steroids. The primary outcomes were the need for mechanical ventilation (MV) or death, and secondary outcomes were a decrease in oxygen requirement and inflammatory markers; the incidence of secondary infections, and renal or hepatic dysfunction. Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log rank test were used for evaluating primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test.ResultsAmong 1081 patients admitted during the study period, 125 were administered TCZ (median age, 56 [95% CI 54 - 60] years; 100 [80%] male). The commonest symptoms were fever (96%), cough (64%), and dyspnea (48.8%). 78.4% patients had comorbidities (hypertension 51.2%, diabetes 43.2%, obesity 25.6% and chronic cardiac disease 13.6%). Of 117 patients who were treated with TCZ before requiring MV, 18.8% progressed to MV. Overall, 25% of the patients needed MV support. 65.3% of patients were discharged by day 14 after TCZ administration. Mortality was nil, 16.2%, 50%, and 62.5% in patients who received TCZ on room air, low flow oxygen, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), and MV respectively; overall 24.8% of patients died. Survival analysis showed no difference in outcome with respect to age and gender, while progression to MV showed a statistically significant reduction for the event death (90.9% of patients who progressed to MV died as compared to 6.3% who did not; log rank test with p < 0.0001). No adverse events were noticed.ConclusionMortality was least in patients of COVID-19 with CRS who received TCZ while on low flow oxygen. When administered in the early hypoxemic phase, TCZ is associated with reduced mortality and decreased need for mechanical ventilation.
Balancing quarantine and self-distancing measures in adaptive epidemic networks
Authors: Horstmeyer Leonhard , Kuehn Christian , Thurner Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the relative importance of two key control measures for epidemic spreading: endogenous social self-distancing and exogenous imposed quarantine. We use the framework of adaptive networks, moment-closure, and ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to introduce several novel models based upon susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) dynamics. First, we compare computationally expensive, adaptive network simulations with their corresponding computationally highly efficient ODE equivalents and find excellent agreement. Second, we discover that there exists a relatively simple critical curve in parameter space for the epidemic threshold, which strongly suggests that there is a mutual compensation effect between the two mitigation strategies: as long as social distancing and quarantine measures are both sufficiently strong, large outbreaks are prevented. Third, we study the total number of infected and the maximum peak during large outbreaks using a combination of analytical estimates and numerical simulations. Also for large outbreaks we find a similar compensation effect as for the epidemic threshold. This suggests that if there is little incentive for social distancing within a population, drastic quarantining is required, and vice versa. Both pure scenarios are unrealistic in practice. Our models show that only a combination of measures is likely to succeed to control epidemic spreading. Fourth, we analytically compute an upper bound for the total number of infected on adaptive networks, using integral estimates in combination with the moment-closure approximation on the level of an observable. This is a methodological innovation. Our method allows us to elegantly and quickly check and cross-validate various conjectures about the relevance of different network control measures. In this sense it becomes possible to adapt models rapidly to new epidemic challenges such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
Systematic comparative analysis of Mendelian randomization methods for inferring causal genes of complex phenotypes and the application to psychiatric diseases
Authors: Jiang Lin , Yi Guorong , Li Xiangyi , Xue Chao , Li Mulin Jun , Huang Hailiang , Li Miaoxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIsolating causal genes from enormous genome-wide association signals of complex phenotypes remains an open and challenging question. SMR (Summary-based Mendelian Randomization) is a widely used Mendelian randomization (MR) method for inferring causal genes by using a single expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL). In the present study, we explored more powerful MR methods based on multiple eQTLs. Among six representative multiple instrumental variable (IVs) based MR methods, original used in the epidemiological field, not all MR methods worked for the causal gene estimation. But we found the maximum-likelihood based MR method and weighted median-based MR method were preferable to the other four MR methods in terms of valid type 1 errors, acceptable statistical powers and robustness to linkage disequilibrium (LD) in eQTLs. Both of the MR methods were also much more powerful than the SMR. We recalibrated key parameters of the two MR methods in practices and developed a multiple IVs based MR analysis framework for causal gene estimation, named MACG and available at http://pmglab.top/kggsee. In the applications, MACG not only rediscovered many known causal genes of the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but also reported plenty of promising candidate causal genes. In conclusion, this study provided a powerful tool and encouraging exemplars of mining potential causal genes from huge amounts of GWAS signals with eQTLs.
Preventing extinctions post-2020 requires recovery actions and transformative change
Authors: Bolam Friederike C. , Ahumada Jorge , Akçakaya H. Reşit , Brooks Thomas M. , Elliott Wendy , Hoban Sean , Mair Louise , Mallon David , McGowan Philip J.K. , Raimondo Domitilla , Rodríguez Jon Paul , Roe Dilys , Seddon Mary B. , Shen Xiaoli , Stuart Simon N. , Watson James E.M. , Butchart Stuart H.M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStopping human-induced extinctions will require strong policy commitments that comprehensively address threats to species. In 2021, a new Global Biodiversity Framework will be agreed by the Convention on Biological Diversity. Here we investigate how the suggested targets could contribute to reducing threats to threatened vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants, and assess the importance of a proposed target to implement recovery actions for threatened species. We find that whilst many of the targets benefit species, extinction risk for over one third of threatened species would not be reduced sufficiently without a target on recovery actions, includingex situconservation, reintroductions and other species-specific interventions. A median of 41 threatened species per country require such actions, and they are found in most countries of the world. To prevent future extinctions, policy commitments must include recovery actions for the most threatened species in addition to broader transformative change.
Does psychological climate affect task and contextual performance through affective commitment? Evidence from public sector companies
Authors: Uraon Ram Shankar , Gupta Manish 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper has two main purposes. One purpose is to examine the mediating role of affective commitment in the relationship between psychological climate and contextual and task performance. Another purpose is to conceptualize and measure the psychological climate.Design/methodology/approachData were analyzed using a sample of 514 employees working in 12 public sector companies in India. Partial least squares (PLS) technique was used to test the proposed research framework.FindingsThe results of this study revealed that affective commitment has a mediating role in the relationship between psychological climate and contextual performance as well as between psychological climate task performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study augment the theory of psychological climate by suggesting that individuals perceiving high a psychological climate are likely to have the high affective commitment that ultimately leads to higher performance.Practical implicationsPublic sector companies are encouraged to provide a favorable psychological climate that can emotionally commit the employees to perform well.Originality/valueThis study is one of its kinds to overcome the limitations of the earlier studies such as in examining the effect of higher-order psychological climate on task and contextual performances.
Different student achievement profiles in a learning study about integers: are the students included?
Authors: Lövström Anna , Malmqvist Johan , Olteanu Constanta 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate achievement profiles in mathematics when integers are taught in a learning study in grade three (to children 8–9 years old) and to explore to what extent students with such profiles participate in inclusive teaching and learning practices.Design/methodology/approachData from a previous learning study are re-analysed, supported by a framework that enables the investigation of inclusive practices. In the present study, inclusion and achievement are viewed as interrelated, meaning that student achievement must be incorporated in the definition of inclusion. The analysis is based on documentation of a video-recorded lesson and on identical tests conducted before and after the lesson.FindingsThe general framing of the learning study indicates an inclusive practice, while pre- and post-test achievement together with data from the lesson reveal a mixed picture concerning student achievement and inclusion. The analysis of the pre- and post-test results for the 16 students in the class indicates considerable diversity in student achievement, resulting in four achievement profiles. The main conclusion is that some students gained from participating in the learning study lesson while others did not. The extensive analysis of four students' participation, one for each profile, shows that differences in student achievement are related to the extent to which students participate in inclusive teaching and learning practices.Originality/valueWhile previous research on learning studies has mainly considered average student achievement, this study focuses on individual variation in achievement and the reasons for it, a matter largely neglected in previous learning study research.
Effect of internal competitive work environment on working smart and emotional exhaustion: the moderating role of time management
Authors: Kalra Ashish , Agnihotri Raj , Talwar Sunali , Rostami Amin , Dwivedi Prabhat K. 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
Although the role of the internal competitive work environment is important, it remains understudied in a business-to-business (B2B) selling context. Grounded in job-demands resources theory, this study aims to investigate the relationships between internal competitive work environment, working smart, emotional exhaustion and sales performance.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 147 salespeople working for a financial service firm. Sales performance ratings were reported by supervisors. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
This study finds dual effects of the internal competitive work environment on salesperson’s job outcomes. Although such an environment improves working smart behaviors, which increases sales performance, it also increases emotional exhaustion, which reduces sales performance.

Research limitations/implications
This study extends job-demands resources theory by proposing internal competitive work environment as a challenge demand and extends the theory by proposing that a salesperson’s time management skills as a personal resource that may reduce such environment’s deleterious effects.

Practical implications
Sales managers should consider the complex nature of increasing competition within the organization and assess the ability of their workforce to effectively manage their time. Training programs that develop time management skills should also be promoted.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to consider the multifaceted effects of the internal competitive work environment in a B2B sales context. By focusing on the duality of the work environment, this study provides a greater understanding of the influences of organizational factors on sales performance.