bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparable Disease Severity by Influenza Virus Subtype in the Acute Respiratory Infection Consortium Natural History Study
Authors: Schofield Christina , Colombo Rhonda E , Richard Stephanie A , Chen Wei-Ju , Fairchok Mary P , Maves Ryan C , Arnold John C , Danaher Patrick J , Deiss Robert G , Lalani Tahaniyat , Rajnik Michael , Millar Eugene V , Coles Christian L , Burgess Timothy H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Since the influenza A/H1N1 pandemic of 2009 to 2010, numerous studies have described the clinical course and outcome of the different subtypes of influenza (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B). A recent systematic literature review concluded that there were no appreciable differences in either clinical presentation or disease severity among these subtypes, but study parameters limit the applicability of these results to military populations. We sought to evaluate differences in disease severity among influenza subtypes in a cohort of healthy, primarily outpatient adult U.S. Department of Defense beneficiaries.

Materials and Methods
From 2009 to 2014, we enrolled otherwise healthy adults age 18 to 65 years with influenza-like illness in an observational cohort study based in 5 U.S. military medical centers. Serial nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for determination of etiology and viral shedding by polymerase chain reaction. The presence and severity of symptoms was assessed by interview and patient diary.

Results
Over a 5-year period, a total of 157 adults with laboratory-confirmed influenza and influenza subtype were enrolled. Of these, 69 (44%) were positive for influenza A(H1N1), 69 (44%) for influenza A(H3N2), and 19 (12%) for influenza B. About 61% were male, 64% were active duty military personnel, and 72% had received influenza vaccine in the past 8 months. Almost 10% were hospitalized with influenza. Seasonal influenza virus distribution among enrollees mirrored that of nationwide trends each year of study. Individuals with A/H1N1 had upper respiratory composite scores that were lower than those with A/H3N2. Multivariate models indicated that individuals with A(H1N1) and B had increased lower respiratory symptom scores when compared to influenza A(H3N2) (A[H1N1]: 1.51 [95% CI 0.47, 2.55]; B: 1.46 [95% CI 0.09, 2.83]), whereas no other differences in symptom severity scores among influenza A(H1N1), influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B infection were observed. Overall, influenza season (maximum in 2012–2013 season) and female sex of the participant were found to be associated with increased influenza symptom severity.

Conclusions
Our study of influenza in a cohort of otherwise healthy, outpatient adult Department of Defense beneficiaries over 5 influenza seasons revealed few differences between influenza A(H1N1), influenza A(H3N2), and influenza B infection with respect to self-reported disease severity or clinical outcomes. This study highlights the importance of routine, active, and laboratory-based surveillance to monitor ongoing trends and severity of influenza in various populations to inform prevention measures.
Abdominal neoplastic manifestations of neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Dare Anna J , Gupta Abha A , Thipphavong Seng , Miettinen Markku , Gladdy Rebecca A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary tumor syndrome, with a wide clinicopathologic spectrum. It is defined by characteristic central nervous system, cutaneous and osseous manifestations, and by mutations in the NF1 gene, which is involved in proliferation via p21, RAS, and MAP kinase pathways. Up to 25% of NF1 patients develop intra-abdominal neoplastic manifestations including neurogenic (commonly plexiform neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors), interstitial cells of Cajal (hyperplasia, gastrointestinal stromal tumors), neuroendocrine, and embryonal tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma). Nonspecific symptoms, multifocal disease, or coexistence of 2 or more tumor types make patients challenging to diagnose and manage. Screening for intra-abdominal tumors in NF1 patients remains controversial, and currently no guidelines are established. Management decisions are complex and often informed by single-center experiences or case studies in the literature, though the field is rapidly evolving. Thus, NF1 patients should be followed in specialist centers familiar with their wide spectrum of pathology and with multidisciplinary care including specialized pathology and radiology. This review will (1) provide a contemporaneous synthesis of the literature and our multi-institutional clinical experiences with intra-abdominal neoplasms in NF1 patients, (2) present a classification framework for this heterogeneous group of disorders, and (3) outline approaches to screening, surveillance, diagnosis, and management.
Electroweak fermion triangle loop contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment revisited
Authors: Sasaki Ken 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment from the fermion triangle loop diagrams connected to the muon line by a photon and a $Z$ boson is re-analyzed in both the unitary gauge and the ’t Hooft–Feynman gauge. With use of the anomalous axial-vector Ward identity, it is shown that the calculation in the unitary gauge exactly coincides with the one in the ’t Hooft–Feynman gauge. The part which arises from the ordinary axial-vector Ward identity corresponds to the contribution of the neutral Goldstone boson. For the top-quark contribution, the one-parameter integral form is obtained up to the order of $m_\mu^2/m_Z^2$. The results are compared with those obtained by the asymptotic expansion method.
Risk factors associated with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in juvenile myositis in North America
Authors: Sabbagh Sara E , Neely Jessica , Chow Albert , DeGuzman Marietta , Lai Jamie , Lvovich Svetlana , McGrath Tara , Pereira Maria , Pinal-Fernandez Iago , Roberts Jordan , Rouster-Stevens Kelly , Schmeling Heinrike , Sura Anjali , Tarshish Gabriel , Tucker Lori , Rider Lisa G , Kim Susan ,   for the CARRA JDM Workgroup and the Childhood Myositis Heterogeneity Study Group
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in adult myositis patients; however, there are few studies examining PJP in juvenile myositis [juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (JIIM)]. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and clinical phenotypes associated with PJP in JIIM.

Methods
An research electronic data capture (REDCap) questionnaire regarding myositis features, disease course, medications and PJP infection characteristics was completed by treating physicians for 13 JIIM patients who developed PJP (PJP+) from the USA and Canada. Myositis features and medications were compared with 147 JIIM patients without PJP (PJP–) from similar geographic regions who enrolled in National Institutes of Health natural history studies.

Results
PJP+ patients were more often of Asian ancestry than PJP– patients [odds ratio (OR) 8.7; 95% CI 1.3, 57.9]. Anti- melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 (MDA5) autoantibodies (OR 12.5; 95% CI 3.0, 52.4), digital infarcts (OR 43.8; 95% CI 4.2, 460.2), skin ulcerations (OR 12.0; 95% CI 3.5, 41.2) and interstitial lung disease (OR 10.6; 95% CI 2.1, 53.9) were more frequent in PJP+ patients. Before PJP diagnosis, patients more frequently received pulse steroids, rituximab and more immunosuppressive therapy compared with PJP– patients. Seven PJP+ patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and four patients died due to PJP or its complications.

Conclusions
PJP is a severe infection in JIIM that can be associated with mortality. Having PJP was associated with more immunosuppressive therapy, anti-MDA5 autoantibodies, Asian race and certain clinical features, including digital infarcts, cutaneous ulcerations and interstitial lung disease. Prophylaxis for PJP should be considered in juvenile myositis patients with these features.
Self-Reported Emotional Reactivity, Depression, and Anxiety: Gender Differences among a Psychiatric Outpatient Sample
Authors: Dell Nathaniel A , Vidovic Kristina R , Huang Jin , Pelham Michelle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the relationship of emotional reactivity with depression and anxiety symptoms among adults diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI) and to explore gender differences in these relationships. Cross-sectional data were collected from intensive case management services recipients (N = 150). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to identify the associations of self-reported positive emotions, fear, sadness, and anger to depression and anxiety, while testing the interaction of gender with emotional response. Compared with men, women reported significantly higher depressive and anxiety symptoms and greater reactivity to sadness and fear. Emotional response variables explained 35.5% of the variance in depression and 38.7% in anxiety. Gender did not moderate the relationship between emotional response and depression; however, gender did moderate the relationship between reactivity to positive emotions and anxiety. Self-reported emotional response may provide clinicians with insight into the severity and presentation of co-occurring anxiety and depressive symptoms among adults with SMI. Increasing the experience of positive emotions among women with SMI may contribute to reduced anxiety symptoms. Therapists and rehabilitation counselors may consider the interplay between mood and anxiety symptoms and emotional response styles to reduce the burden of psychiatric distress among people with SMI.
Clinical Profile of Children with Mediastinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Chunawala Zainali , Shah Ira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aim
To study clinical profile of children with mediastinal tuberculosis (TB).

Methods
This retrospective study was undertaken between January 2015 and March 2018 in children diagnosed with mediastinal TB. Clinical history, examination and radioimaging, such as chest X-ray and HRCT chest, were done in every patient at the start of therapy. The prevalence of mediastinal TB was calculated. Factors associated with mediastinal TB and associated pulmonary TB (PTB) were analysed.

Results
Out of total 1407 patients with TB, 58 (4.12%) had mediastinal involvement. Fever was seen in 49 (84.5%) patients, positive Mantoux test (MT) in 32 (68.1%), cough in 28 (48.3%), loss of appetite in 24 (41.4%) and weight loss in 17 (29.3%). Associated PTB was present in 22 (37.9%) patients. Associated extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) was observed in 12 (20.7%) patients. Fifty-one patients (87.9%) had an abnormal X-ray. Baseline HRCT chest was done in 54 (93.1%) patients and all of them showed necrotic caseous mediastinal nodes. Treatment duration of patients who completed treatment with first-line anti-tuberculous therapy was 11.67 months. Seventeen patients (29.3%) were diagnosed to have drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). Cough was seen more commonly in patients with associated PTB (68.2%) as compared to isolated mediastinal TB (36.1%) (p = 0.0296).

Conclusion
Mediastinal TB is common in children with EPTB. Associated PTB is seen in only about one-third of the patients. X-ray chest is abnormal in half the patients; hence, HRCT chest may be required to make a diagnosis. Bacteriological confirmation is necessary due to high incidence of DR-TB in these patients. Most of the patients require treatment for a longer duration as resolution takes a longer time. Computed tomography imaging on follow-up helps to determine the treatment duration.
Radionuclide calibrator intercomparison study of clinical PET centres in England to a single traceable 68Ge syringe source
Authors: Sanghera Bal , Fenwick Andrew , Lowe Gerry , Sullivan Keith , Wong Wai-Lup 
Published: June 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterize national variation in radionuclide calibrator activity response to a single National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference 68Ge source used as a surrogate for 18F at clinical PET centres in England using National Physical Laboratory approved techniques.

Methods
Readings from 20 instruments at 13 centres using local 18F and 68Ge factor settings were recorded with the source located in vial and syringe positions. Ten repeat measurements were conducted to investigate repeatability using % coefficient of variability (COV). Comparison ratios to investigate accuracy were made between calibrator responses and decay-corrected NISTref reference activity for syringe and vial position measurements.

Results
The maximum %COV was 0.79%, while 90, 95 and 80% of calibrators conformed to 5% accuracy for 18F syringe, 68Ge syringe and 68Ge vial position readings, respectively. We revealed a trend towards reduced bias in measurements using Veenstra devices for 18F and using Capintec devices for 68Ge factor settings.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated good repeatability in local device measurements. In total, 70% of English calibrators tested and 88% of all measurements performed achieved 5% accuracy. While statistically significant bias was exhibited between different vendor equipment dependent upon radioisotope selected, our study recommends regular traceability checks for optimum instrument performance conducted within National Metrology Institutes guidelines.
Fluorodeoxyglucose-avid focal lesions and extramedullary disease on 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography predict the outcomes of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Zhong Xiao , Diao Wei , Zhao Chunyan , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
To investigate whether the number of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid focal lesions and the presence of extramedullary disease (EMD) on 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) can predict the outcomes of newly diagnosed symptomatic multiple myeloma patients.

Methods
We performed a meta-analysis to research the prognostic significance of focal lesions and EMD on 18F-FDG PET/CT for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using a fix-effected model. The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched. Manual searches were also conducted.

Results
Of the 398 citations identified in the original search, 13 original studies with a total of 2823 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled hazard ratios of focal lesions were 1.63 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–1.86, P = 0.442, I
2 = 0%] for PFS and 2.15 (95% CI 1.74–2.57, P = 0.615, I
2 = 0%) for OS. The pooled hazard ratios of EMD were 1.89 (95% CI 1.44–2.34, P = 0.497, I
2 = 0%) for PFS and 1.91 (95% CI 1.08–2.73, P = 0.182, I
2 = 29.6%) for OS. The results of the subgroup analysis showed the same trend. No significant heterogeneity was observed among studies.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with a higher number of FDG-avid focal lesions and EMD on PET/CT may experience a higher risk for progression and a shorter survival time than those with a few focal lesions and no EMD.
Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Malouff Timothy D. , Krishnan Sunil , Hallemeier Christopher L. , Haddock Michael G. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Beltran Chris , Mahajan Anita , Trifiletti Daniel M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related morality worldwide, and the prognosis remains poor despite aggressive therapy. Carbon ion radiotherapy has favorable radiobiological and physical characteristics in the treatment, including a higher linear energy transfer and higher relative biological effectiveness, which increase the cell kill while potentially reducing toxicities to nearby normal tissues. Although small, early clinical studies have shown promise in both the resectable and unresectable settings to improve local control and overall survival while minimizing toxicities. Currently, there are several trials, including 2 sponsored by institutions in the United States, investigating the role of carbon ion radiotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
Treatment of Six COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma
Authors: Jin Can , Gu Juan , Yuan Youshu , Long Qinying , Zhang Qi , Zhou Hourong , Wu Weidong , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the efficacy of convalescent plasma transfusion for COVID-19 patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 6 COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma at Guizhou Provincial Jiangjunshan Hospital – a tertial hospital, in Guiyang, Guizhou, China, from January 29, to April 30, 2020; final data of follow-up was May 12, 2020. Through the review of the electronic medical records of Guizhou Jiangjunshan Hospital, clinical data of 6 patients were obtained. Three patients with worsening symptoms after empirical treatment with antivirals were transfused convalescent plasma therapy for the first treatment, while the other three severe or critical COVID-19 patients with rapid progression were transfused. The efficacy of convalescent plasma depends on the relief of symptoms, changes in laboratory indicators and chest imaging abnormalities.ResultsThe PaO2 / FiO2 and lymphocyte count of patients 1, 2 and 3 treated with convalescent plasma treatment for the first treatment period were changed from abnormal to normal. The levels of inflammation markers CRP and IL-6 of the patients decreased significantly. Chest imaging examination showed that the lung lesions gradually subsided. The relapsed patients (No. 4 and No. 6), after using convalescent plasma therapy, turned negative on two consecutive throat swab tests on Day 24 and Day 3, respectively.ConclusionsConvalescent plasma treatment of COVID-19 is beneficial for those patients with be difficult to turn to negative or re-positive RT-PCR.Key PointsConvalescent plasma treatment of COVID-19 is beneficial for those patients with be difficult to turn to negative or re-positive RT-PCR.
Molecular features similarities between SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS and key human genes could favour the viral infections and trigger collateral effects
Authors: Maldonado Lucas L. , Kamenetzky Laura 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn December 2019 rising pneumonia cases caused by a novel β-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) occurred in Wuhan, China, which has rapidly spread worldwide causing thousands of deaths. The WHO declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern therefore several scientists are dedicated to the study of the new virus. Since human viruses have codon usage biases that match highly expressed proteins in the tissues they infect and depend on host cell machinery for replication and co-evolution, we selected the genes that are highly expressed in the tissue of human lungs to perform computational studies that permit to compare their molecular features with SARS, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS genes. In our studies, we analysed 91 molecular features for 339 viral genes and 463 human genes that consisted of 677873 codon positions. Hereby, we found that A/T bias in viral genes could propitiate the viral infection favoured by a host dependant specialization using the host cell machinery of only some genes. The envelope protein E, the membrane glycoprotein M and ORF7 could have been further benefited by a high rate of A/T in the third codon position. Thereby, the mistranslation or de-regulation of protein synthesis could produce collateral effects, as a consequence of viral occupancy of the host translation machinery due tomolecular similarities with viral genes. Furthermore, we provided a list of candidate human genes whose molecular features match those of SARS-CoV-2, SARSand MERS genes, which should be considered to be incorporated into genetic population studies to evaluate thesusceptibility to respiratory viral infections caused by these viruses. The results presented here, settle the basis for further research in the field of human genetics associated with the new viral infection, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 and for the development of antiviral preventive methods.
Analytical and Clinical Validation for RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 without RNA extraction
Authors: P. Miranda José , Osorio Javiera , Videla Mauricio , Angel Gladys , Camponovo Rossana , Henríquez-Henríquez Marcela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recent COVID-19 pandemic has posed an unprecedented challenge to laboratory diagnosis, based on the amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. With global contagion figures exceeding 4 million persons, the shortage of reagents for RNA extraction represents a bottleneck for testing globally. We present the validation results for a RT-qPCR protocol without prior RNA extraction. Because of its simplicity, this protocol is suitable for widespread application in resource-limited settings.MethodsOptimal protocol was selected by comparing RT-qPCR performance under a set of thermal (65°, 70°, and 95° for 5, 10, and 30 minutes) and amplification conditions (3 or 3,5 uL loading volume; 2 commercial RT-qPCR kits with limit of detection below 10 copies/sample) in nasopharyngeal swabs stored at 4°C in sterile Weise’s buffer pH 7.2. The selected protocol was evaluated for classification concordance with the standard protocol (automated RNA extraction) in 130 routine samples and in 50 historical samples with Cq values near to the clinical decision limit.ResultsOptimal selected conditions were: Thermal shock at 70° C for 10 minutes, loading 3.5 ul in the RT-qPCR. Prospective evaluation in 130 routine samples showed 100% classification concordance with the standard protocol. The evaluation in historical samples, selected because their Cqs were at the clinical decision limit, showed 94% concordance with our confirmatory-gold standard which includes manual RNA extraction.ConclusionsThese results validate the use of this direct RT-qPCR protocol as a safe alternative for SARS CoV-2 diagnosis in case of a shortage of reagents for RNA extraction, with minimal clinical impact.