bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bachelor groups in primate multilevel society facilitate gene flow across fragmented habitats
Authors: Li Yu-Li , Wang Lu , Wu Jin-Wei , Ye Xin-Ping , Garber Paul A , Yan Ying , Liu Jia-Hui , Li Bao-Guo , Qi Xiao-Guang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the face of ongoing habitat fragmentation, many primate species have experienced reduced gene flow resulting in a reduction of genetic diversity, population bottlenecks, and inbreeding depression, including golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana. Golden snub-nosed monkeys live in a multilevel society composed of several 1 male harem units that aggregate to form a cohesive breeding band, which is followed by one or more bachelor groups composed of juvenile, subadult, and adult male members. In this research, we examine the continuous landscape resistance surface, the genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow among 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band in the Qinling Mountains, China. Landscape surface modeling suggested that human activities and ecological factors severely limit the movement of individuals among breeding bands. Although these conditions are expected to result in reduced gene flow, reduced genetic diversity, and an increased opportunity for a genetic bottleneck, based on population genetic analyses of 13 microsatellite loci from 188 individuals inhabiting 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band, we found high levels of genetic diversity but low levels of genetic divergence, as well as high rates of gene flow between males residing in the all-male band and each of the 4 breeding bands. Our results indicate that the movement of bachelor males across the landscape, along with their association with several different breeding bands, appears to provide a mechanism for promoting gene flows and maintaining genetic diversity that may counteract the otherwise isolating effects of habitat fragmentation.
Late left atrial appendage closure device displacement and massive thrombus formation: a case report
Authors: Sasko Benjamin , Ritter Oliver , Bramlage Peter , Riediger Fabian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Left atrial appendage (LAA) closure with the WATCHMAN device is an alternative to anticoagulation therapy for the prevention of stroke in selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Infrequently, left atrial (LA) device-related thrombus formation occurs and it is poorly understood. Thrombus formation due to incomplete covering of the LAA is even rarer and may occur within the first few months after device implantation.

Case summary
Here, we present a case of a 68-year-old male patient with permanent AF, drug- and hepatitis induced liver cirrhosis (CILD Score B), and prior aortic valve replacement. The patient had a history of percutaneous LAA closure using a WATCHMAN device. He developed massive peri-device leak and thrombus arising from the space between the device and appendage cleft 2 years after implantation. Because of the high bleeding risk with a HAS-BLED score of 5 points, surgery was chosen as the therapy of choice instead of long-term anticoagulation. The patient was discharged in good clinical condition and has been scheduled for a yearly follow-up.

Discussion
This case emphasizes the importance of choosing appropriately sized LAA occluder devices and planning for regular post-interventional follow-ups to minimize the risk of per-device leaks and thrombi.
Myocardial reperfusion reverses the J-curve association of cardiovascular risk and diastolic blood pressure in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure after myocardial infarction: insights from the EPHESUS trial
Authors: Böhm Michael , Ferreira João Pedro , Mahfoud Felix , Duarte Kevin , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez , Rossignol Patrick 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Aims
The described association of low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with increased cardiovascular outcomes could be due to reduced coronary perfusion or is simply due to reverse causation. If DBP is physiologically relevant, coronary reperfusion after myocardial infarction (MI) might influence DBP–risk association.

Methods and results
The relation of achieved DBP with cardiovascular death or cardiovascular hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death was explored in 5929 patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with impaired left ventricular function, signs and symptoms of heart failure, or diabetes in the EPHESUS trial according to their reperfusion status. Cox regression models were used to assess the impact of reperfusion status on the association of DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) with outcomes in an adjusted fashion. In patients without reperfusion, lower DBP &lt;70 mmHg was associated with increased risk for all-cause death [adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–2.30; P &lt; 0.001], cardiovascular death (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.3–3.22; P &lt; 0.001), cardiovascular death or cardiovascular hospitalization (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.26–1.87; P &lt; 0.001). In patients with reperfusion, the risk increase at low DBP was not observed. At low SBP, risk increased independently of reperfusion. A sensitivity analysis in the subgroup of patients with optimal SBP of 120–130 mmHg showed again risk reduction of reperfusion at low DBP. Adding the treatment allocation to eplerenone or placebo into the models had no effects on the results.

Conclusion
Patients after AMIs with a low DBP had an increased risk, which was sensitive to reperfusion therapy. Low blood pressure after MI identifies in patients with particular higher risk. These data support the hypothesis that low DBP in patients with stenotic coronary lesions is associated with risk, potentially involving coronary perfusion pressure and the recommendations provided by guidelines suggesting lower DBP boundaries for these high-risk patients.
Dissolved organic matter stimulates N2 fixation and nifH gene expression in Trichodesmium
Authors: Benavides Mar , Duhamel Solange , Van Wambeke France , Shoemaker Katyanne M , Moisander Pia H , Salamon Ellen , Riemann Lasse , Bonnet Sophie 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Mixotrophy, the combination of heterotrophic and autotrophic nutrition modes, is emerging as the rule rather than the exception in marine photosynthetic plankton. Trichodesmium, a prominent diazotroph ubiquitous in the (sub)tropical oceans, is generally considered to obtain energy via autotrophy. While the ability of Trichodesmium to use dissolved organic phosphorus when deprived of inorganic phosphorus sources is well known, the extent to which this important cyanobacterium may benefit from other dissolved organic matter (DOM) resources is unknown. Here we provide evidence of carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-rich DOM molecules enhancing N2 fixation rates and nifH gene expression in natural Trichodesmium colonies collected at two stations in the western tropical South Pacific. Sampling at a third station located in the oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre revealed no Trichodesmium but showed presence of UCYN-B, although no nifH expression was detected. Our results suggest that Trichodesmium behaves mixotrophically in response to certain environmental conditions, providing them with metabolic plasticity and adding up to the view that mixotrophy is widespread among marine microbes.
A CURE for a Major Challenge in Phenomics: A Practical Guide to Implementing a Quantitative Specimen-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
Authors: Price S A , Larouche O , Friedman S T , Corn K A , Wainwright P C , Martinez C M 
Published: February 2020

Synopsis
The measurement and analysis of phenotypes is often a rate-limiting step for many integrative organismal studies but engaging undergraduate researchers can help overcome this challenge. We present a practical guide to implementing a quantitative specimen-based Course-based Undergraduate Research Experience (CURE), which trains students to collect phenotypic data and mentors them through the entire scientific process using the data they help to collect. Direct access to specimens is not necessary to implement this undergraduate research experience, as recent efforts to digitize museum collections along with online image archives allow data extraction to take place in any classroom. We focus in particular on hypothesis development and quantitative skills, as they are essential for modern biological discovery but are rarely emphasized in traditional lecture-based classes. We have implemented this experience, focusing on collecting and analyzing body shape data across fishes, at two institutions with a total of 39 students. It has so far resulted in 14 talks and 4 posters presented by students at local symposia and 2 scientific papers in preparation with undergraduate co-authors. Moreover, the students had a positive experience that, according to their own assessment, improved their critical thinking and analytical skills as well as their knowledge of science and the scientific process.
Forum: Coding in Tongues: Developing Non-English Coding Schemes for Leadership Profiling
Authors: Brummer Klaus , Young Michael D , Özdamar Özgur , Canbolat Sercan , Thiers Consuelo , Rabini Christian , Dimmroth Katharina , Hansel Mischa , Mehvar Ameneh 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOver the last twenty years since the introduction of automated coding schemes, research in foreign policy analysis (FPA) has made great advances. However, this automatization process is based on the analysis of verbal statements of leaders to create leadership profiles and has remained largely confined in terms of language. That is, the coding schemes can only parse English-language texts. This reduces both the quality and quantity of available data and limits the application of these leadership profiling techniques beyond the Anglosphere. Against this background, this forum offers five reports on the development of freely available coding schemes for either operational code analysis or leadership trait analysis for languages other than English (i.e., Turkish, Arabic, Spanish, German, and Persian).
In Vitro Phase I Metabolism of the Recently Emerged Synthetic MDMB-4en-PINACA and Its Detection in Human Urine Samples
Authors: Erol Ozturk Yeter , Yeter Oya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
MDMB-4en-PINACA (methyl (S)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate) is a recently emerged synthetic cannabinoid in Turkey. MDMB-4en-PINACA was detected in herbal material investigated by the Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Narcotics Department in Turkey in April 2019. MDMB-4en-PINACA was added to the drug abuse list and quickly reported in biological samples after its first detection. In this study, the in vitro metabolism of MDMB-4en-PINACA was investigated by using a pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) assay and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). MDMB-4en-PINACA (5 μmol/L) was incubated with HLMs for up to 1 h, and the metabolites were identified using LC–HRMS and software-assisted data mining. The in vivo metabolism was investigated by the analysis of 22 authentic urine samples and compared to the data received from the in vitro metabolism study. Less than 7.5% of the MDMB-4en-PINACA parent compound remained after the 1 h incubation. We identified 14 metabolites, which were formed via double bond oxidation, ester hydrolysis, N-dealkylation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and further oxidation to N-pentanoic acid or a combination of these reactions in vitro. In 10 urine samples (total n = 22), MDMB-4en-PINACA was detected as the parent drug. Three of the identified main metabolites, double bond oxidation in combination with ester hydrolysis and hydroxylation metabolite (M3), MDMB-4en-PINACA butanoic acid (M14) and monohydroxypentyl-MDMB-4en-PINACA (M12), were suggested as suitable urinary markers. In vitro screening of 2,150 authentic urine samples for these identified MDMB-4en-PINACA metabolites resulted in 56 cases of confirmed MDMB-4en-PINACA consumption (2.6%).
The Decision to Move House and Aggregate Housing-Market Dynamics
Authors: Ngai L Rachel , Sheedy Kevin D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Using data on house sales and inventories, this paper shows that housing transactions are driven mainly by listings and less so by transaction speed, thus the decision to move house is key to understanding the housing market. The paper builds a model where moving house is essentially an investment in match quality, implying that moving depends on macroeconomic developments and housing-market conditions. The number of transactions has implications for welfare because each transaction reduces mismatch for homeowners. The quantitative importance of the decision to move house is shown in understanding the U.S. housing-market boom during 1995–2003. (JEL: D83, E22, R31)
In Defense of P Values
Authors: Begg Colin B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, a controversy has erupted regarding the use of statistical significance tests and the associated P values. Prominent academic statisticians have recommended that the use of statistical tests be discouraged or not used at all. This has naturally led to a lot of confusion among research investigators about the support in the academic statistical community for statistical methods in general. In fact, the controversy surrounding the use of P values has a long history. Critics of P values argue that their use encourages bad scientific practice, leading to the publication of far more false-positive and false-negative findings than the methodology would imply. The thesis of this commentary is that the problem is really human nature, the natural proclivity of scientists to believe their own theories and present data in the most favorable light. This is strongly encouraged by a celebrity culture that is fueled by academic institutions, the scientific journals, and the media. The importance of the truth-seeking tradition of the scientific method needs to be reinforced, and this is being helped by current initiatives to improve transparency in science and to encourage reproducible and replicable research. Statistical testing, used correctly, has an important and valuable place in the scientific tradition.
l-Serine Reduces Spinal Cord Pathology in a Vervet Model of Preclinical ALS/MND
Authors: Davis David A , Cox Paul Alan , Banack Sandra Anne , Lecusay Patricia D , Garamszegi Susanna P , Hagan Matthew J , Powell James T , Metcalf James S , Palmour Roberta M , Beierschmitt Amy , Bradley Walter G , Mash Deborah C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The early neuropathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) are protein aggregates in motor neurons and microglial activation. Similar pathology characterizes Guamanian ALS/Parkinsonism dementia complex, which may be triggered by the cyanotoxin β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA). We report here the occurrence of ALS/MND-type pathological changes in vervets (Chlorocebus sabaeus; n = 8) fed oral doses of a dry powder of BMAA HCl salt (210 mg/kg/day) for 140 days. Spinal cords and brains from toxin-exposed vervets were compared to controls fed rice flour (210 mg/kg/day) and to vervets coadministered equal amounts of BMAA and l-serine (210 mg/kg/day). Immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis were used to examine markers of ALS/MND and glial activation. UHPLC-MS/MS was used to confirm BMAA exposures in dosed vervets. Motor neuron degeneration was demonstrated in BMAA-dosed vervets by TDP-43+ proteinopathy in anterior horn cells, by reactive astrogliosis, by activated microglia, and by damage to myelinated axons in the lateral corticospinal tracts. Vervets dosed with BMAA + l-serine displayed reduced neuropathological changes. This study demonstrates that chronic dietary exposure to BMAA causes ALS/MND-type pathological changes in the vervet and coadministration of l-serine reduces the amount of reactive gliosis and the number of protein inclusions in motor neurons.
How the Comforting Process Fails: Psychological Reactance to Support Messages
Authors: Tian Xi , Solomon Denise Haunani , Brisini Kellie St.Cyr 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study extends the theory of psychological reactance to the context of social support by examining how supportive communication is associated with psychological reactance and subsequent support outcomes. The final sample included 325 married adults who had experienced a marital disagreement, and were asked to evaluate a hypothetical support message that varied in the level of person-centeredness provided by a social network member. The results indicated that perceptions of support messages as conveying dominance and having weak argument quality were positively associated with psychological reactance. Low person-centered messages corresponded with more dominance and weaker argument quality. Low person-centered messages were associated with more psychological reactance through an indirect effect conveyed by a perceived threat to freedom. There was a significant, indirect effect between person-centeredness and emotional improvement conveyed by a perceived threat to freedom and psychological reactance. The discussion highlights the role of psychological reactance in social support.
ADVOCACY VERSUS ENFORCEMENT IN ANTITRUST COMPLIANCE PROGRAMS
Authors: Chang Hung Hao , Sokol D Daniel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We focus on the question of why firms self-regulate to avoid more severe public regulation in the area of antitrust compliance. We distinguish the effects of an antitrust authority’s outreach and enforcement on firms’ adoption of antitrust compliance programs. Furthermore, we examine the mechanism that may drive an antitrust authority’s actions on firms’ decisions to adopt compliance programs. Using a 2-year survey of 432 firms drawn from the top 300 Taiwanese enterprises and applying mediation analysis, we find that “voluntary” self-regulation actions, encouraged by the antitrust authority to promote compliance programs through advocacy, significantly increase the creation of antitrust compliance programs. Moreover, “coercive” actions of the antitrust authority in terms of enforcement are less effective than voluntary actions for firms’ compliance program creation. Within “coercive” actions, large fines are more likely to lead to the adoption of antitrust compliance programs relative to other forms of government prosecution.
Massive megarectum secondary to constipation in institutionalized patient
Authors: Ayalew Dawit , Alwatari Yahya , Riccio Lin M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chronic constipation is a common cause of morbidity in the elderly and institutionalized population. It can be associated with significant morbidity and socioeconomical burden. Chronic resistance constipation can rarely be associated with megarectum. Herein, we present the case of a patient with physical and mental disability that presented with refractory constipation associated with extreme stool burden and a massive megarectum. We discuss chronic constipation in the elderly population, its etiologies and diagnostic work-up including surgical options. The management of chronic constipation with megarectum should be on a case-by-case basis.
Reserve lipids and plant autophagy
Authors: Masclaux-Daubresse Céline , d’Andrea Sabine , Bouchez Isabelle , Cacas Jean-Luc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Autophagy is a universal mechanism that facilitates the degradation of unwanted cytoplasmic components in eukaryotic cells. In this review, we highlight recent developments in the investigation of the role of autophagy in lipid homeostasis in plants by comparison with algae, yeast, and animals. We consider the storage compartments that form the sources of lipids in plants, and the roles that autophagy plays in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and in the formation and maintenance of lipid droplets. We also consider the relationship between lipids and the biogenesis of autophagosomes, and the role of autophagy in the degradation of lipids in plants.
Review of Biomarkers and Analytical Methods for Organophosphate Pesticides and Applicability to Nerve Agents
Authors: Therkorn Jennifer , Drewry David G , Tiburzi Olivia , Astatke Mekbib , Young Charles , Rainwater-Lovett Kaitlin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Recent malicious use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is a reminder of their severity and ongoing threat. One of the main categories of CWAs is the organophosphate (OP) nerve agents. Presently, there is an urgent need to identify and evaluate OP nerve agent biomarkers that can facilitate identification of exposed individuals post-CWA incident. While exposures to OP nerve agents may be scenario-specific, the public is commonly exposed to OP compounds through the ubiquitous use of OP pesticides, which are chemically related to nerve agents. Therefore, a systematic literature review and methodological quality assessment were conducted for OP pesticide biomarker studies to serve as a baseline to assess if these approaches may be adapted to OP nerve agent exposures.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a systematic literature review to identify biomarkers of OP pesticide exposures. English language studies of any design that reported primary data on biomarkers for exposures in nonhuman primates or adult human study participants were eligible for inclusion. Using standard criteria for assessing the completeness of reported analytical methods, the quality of study methods was critically evaluated.

Results
A total of 1,044 studies of biomarkers of OP pesticide exposure were identified, of which 75 articles satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies described 143 different analyte/sample matrix combinations: 99 host-based biomarkers, 28 metabolites, 12 pesticides, and 4 adducts. The most commonly reported biomarkers were dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites (22 studies), blood acetylcholinesterase, and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (26 studies each). None of the assessed quality review criteria were fully addressed by all identified studies, with almost all criteria scoring less than 50%.

Conclusion
Cholinesterase activity may have utility for identifying individuals with exposures surpassing a given threshold of OP nerve agent, but further investigation of how acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase levels correlate with observed patient symptoms may be required to ensure accuracy of results. As CWAs and nerve agents are more readily used, more standardized reporting of biomarker measurements are needed to develop new approaches for OP nerve agent biomarkers.