bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Planta Inoculation of Trichoderma viridarium Reduces Seed Transmission of the Fungal Pathogen Alternaria brassicicola
Authors: Lerenard Thomas , Aligon Sophie , Poupard Pascal , Le Corff Josiane 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBiological control by beneficial microorganisms is considered as one of the best alternatives to decrease the use of chemical fungicides. However, reliable and efficient solutions to manage crop diseases are still limited, and this is particularly true for seedborne fungal pathogens. As a first step towards identification of potential biological control agents (BCAs), a new methodological approach in planta was developed to control Alternaria brassicicola, a problematic fungal disease of Brassica crops. The method was used to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma viridarium on transmission of the pathogen to seeds of Capsella bursa‐pastoris (sheperd's purse). In vitro, inhibition of A. brassicicola and overgrowth by T. viridarium suggested mycoparasitism, which was confirmed by microscopical observations. In planta, siliques of C. bursa pastoris were co‐inoculated with T. viridarium and A. brassicicola and seed transmission of each fungal species was evaluated. Pre‐inoculation of T. viridarium 24 h before A. brassicicola significantly reduced the transmission of the pathogen to the seeds by almost 70%, compared with inoculation of A. brassicicola alone. The capacity of T. viridarium to reduce A. brassicicola seed transmission offers a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. However, in order to develop reliable biocontrol strategies, future research should focus on the underlying mechanisms involved in the interactions between T. viridarium, A. brassicicola and the host plant.
Investigation of the Relationship Between ACTN3 rs1815739 Polymorphism and Openbite Cases: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yaylacı Elif Aslıhan , Onem Ozbilen Elvan , Aslan Beste Tacal , Polat Tolga 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism, which causes the deficiency of the alpha‐actinin‐3 muscle protein, is related to the formation of open bite malocclusion.Materials and MethodsFifty‐eight participants (18.5 ± 3.6 years old) with anterior open bite (n = 29) and normal overbite (n = 29) who presented to Marmara University, Department of Orthodontics for treatment were included in the study. Initial cephalometric radiographs were used for the diagnosis of malocclusion. The case group was divided into three subgroups according to degree of open bite. For DNA isolation, oral epithelial cells were collected with buccal swabs (Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, USA), and the real‐time PCR method was used for the genotyping of all polymorphisms. The results were statistically analysed, and the threshold for statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe frequencies of RR, RX and XX genotypes of ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism were found as 6 (20.7%), 14 (48.3%) and 9 (31.0%) in the control group and 8 (8%), 9 (31.0%) and 12 (41.4%) in the case group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the presence of the examined polymorphism (p > 0.05). However, the intra‐group evaluation of case group revealed a significant difference in the prevalence of XX genotype (83.3%) for the subgroup with an open bite of −5 mm or above.ConclusionAlthough no significant difference was observed between the case and control groups, a possible association was identified between ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism and an increased severity of open bite malocclusion.
Dual Chamber Aveir Retrievable Leadless Pacemaker Implant via the Right Internal Jugular Vein in a 13‐Year‐Old With Congenital Complete Heart Block
Authors: Cortez Daniel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCongenital complete heart block is a condition where there is a risk of Stokes Adam's attacks and sudden death may occur. Once the escape rate is too low, or other high‐risk factors occur, these patients ultimately need pacemakers placed. Epicardial or transvenous pacemakers have typically been in employed dependent on size of the patient and other circumstances. We describe the first case of an implant via internal jugular vein (right) of a dual chamber leadless pacemaker implant in a symptomatic pediatric patient with congenital complete heart block.MethodsThe study was approved by the University of California and consent was waived due to retrospective nature of this case report.CaseA 13‐year‐old presented with presyncope at rest after years of being followed for her congenital complete heart block. Her average rate on Holter monitoring was below 50 bpm, which coincided with her recent symptoms. After discussion with family, and our own cardiology/surgical team, she had a dual chamber leadless pacemaker implanted. Stable 3‐month atrial parameters included an impedance of 340 Ω, sensing of 3.2 mV, and threshold of 0.25 V at 0.2 ms, while ventricular parameters showed an impedance of 780 Ω, sensing of 14.2 mV, and threshold of 0.5 V at 0.2 ms.ConclusionDual chamber leadless pacemaker implant is feasible via right internal jugular vein access and in a pediatric patient.
SmHSFA8 Enhances the Heat Tolerance of Eggplant by Regulating the SmEGY3‐SmCSD1 Module and Promoting SmF3H‐mediated Flavonoid Biosynthesis
Authors: Liu Renjian , Wang Yuyuan , Shu Bingbing , Xin Jinyang , Yu Bingwei , Gan Yuwei , Liang Yonggui , Qiu Zhengkun , Yan Shuangshuang , Cao Bihao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHigh temperature (HT) is a major environmental factor that restrains eggplant growth and production. Heat shock factors (HSFs) play a vital role in the response of plants to high‐temperature stress (HTS). However, the molecular mechanism by which HSFs regulate heat tolerance in eggplants remains unclear. Previously, we reported that SmEGY3 enhanced the heat tolerance of eggplant. Herein, SmHSFA8 activated SmEGY3 expression and interacted with SmEGY3 protein to enhance the activation function of SmEGY3 on SmCSD1. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) and overexpression assays suggested that SmHSFA8 positively regulated heat tolerance in plants. SmHSFA8 enhanced the heat tolerance of tomato plants by promoting SlEGY3 expression, H2O2 production and H2O2‐mediated retrograde signalling pathway. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP‐seq) analysis revealed that SmHSPs (SmHSP70, SmHSP70B and SmHSP21) and SmF3H were candidate downstream target genes of SmHSFA8. SmHSFA8 regulated the expression of HSPs and F3H and flavonoid content in plants. The silencing of SmF3H by VIGS reduced the flavonoid content and heat tolerance of eggplant. In addition, exogenous flavonoid treatment alleviated the HTS damage to eggplants. These results indicated that SmHSFA8 enhanced the heat tolerance of eggplant by activating SmHSPs exprerssion, mediating the SmEGY3‐SmCSD1 module, and promoting SmF3H‐mediated flavonoid biosynthesis.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist improves survival, and its early application accelerates weaning in preterm infants
Authors: Lee Yeongseok , Lee Juyoung 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvidence to show that neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) improves clinical outcomes is lacking. We aimed to analyze whether NAVA improves respiratory outcomes in preterm infants who require invasive mechanical ventilation.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 122 very low birthweight infants who required invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h at one tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in Korea from January 2016 to June 2023. Subjects were divided into three groups: early NAVA for those supported with NAVA before the seventh day of life (n = 18), late NAVA for those supported with NAVA later than the seventh day (n = 18), and conventional for those supported with conventional ventilation modes other than NAVA (n = 86).ResultsThere was no difference in the composite outcome of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death among the three groups. Neonates who had been supported with NAVA at some point had lower odds of mortality than those who had not (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.09, 95% CI 0.01–0.90, p = 0.040 for the early NAVA group; aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.81, p = 0.027 for the late NAVA group). The adjusted hazard ratio for invasive mechanical ventilation weaning was higher in neonates supported with NAVA within the first week of life than in those supported with other ventilation modes (aHR 2.02, 95% CI 1.14–3.57, p = 0.015).ConclusionsNeurally adjusted ventilatory assist application was associated with lower odds of mortality, and its early application from the first few days of life helped preterm infants wean from invasive mechanical ventilation sooner.
Plant nutrition challenges for a sustainable agriculture of the future
Authors: Hernandez Luis E. , Ruiz Juan M. , Espinosa Francisco , Alvarez‐Fernandez Ana , Carvajal Micaela 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article offers a comprehensive review of sustainable plant nutrition concepts, examining a multitude of cutting‐edge techniques that are revolutionizing the modern area. The review copes with the crucial role of biostimulants as products that stimulate plant nutrition processes, including their potential for biofertilization, followed by an exploration of the significance of micronutrients in plant health and growth. We then delve into strategies for enhancing plants' tolerance to mineral nutrient contaminants and the promising realm of biofortification to increase the essential nutrients necessary for human health. Furthermore, this work also provides a concise overview of the burgeoning field of nanotechnologies in fertilization, while the integration of circular economy principles underscores the importance of sustainable resource management. Then, with examined the interrelation between micronutrients. We conclude with the future challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the pursuit of more sustainable and resilient plant systems.
Variable‐Coefficient Evolution Problems via the Fokas Method Part I: Dissipative Case
Authors: Deconinck Bernard , Farkas Matthew 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe derive explicit solution representations for linear, dissipative, second‐order initial‐boundary value problems (IBVPs) with coefficients that are spatially varying, with linear, constant‐coefficient, two‐point boundary conditions. We accomplish this by considering the variable‐coefficient problem as the limit of a constant‐coefficient interface problem, previously solved using the unified transform method of Fokas. Our method produces an explicit representation of the solution, allowing us to determine properties of the solution directly. As explicit examples, we demonstrate the solution procedure for different IBVPs of variations of the heat equation, and the linearized complex Ginzburg‐Landau (CGL) equation (periodic boundary conditions). We can use this to find the eigenvalues of dissipative second‐order linear operators (including non–self‐adjoint ones) as roots of a transcendental function, and we can write their eigenfunctions explicitly in terms of the eigenvalues.
Fe‐Mn oxide, microbe and biochar composite for remediation of Cd and As co‐contaminated water and soil
Authors: Lian Bin , Wu Jizi , Bolan Nanthi , Jeyakumar Paramsothy , Wang Hailong , Yuan Jing , Wu Qiuchan , Chen Yao , Wang Jiahao , Yuan Feng , Ye Zhengqian , Fu Weijun , Zhao Keli 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe novel Fe‐Mn oxide, microbe and biochar composite (FM‐DB) synthesized by mixing Fe‐Mn oxide, Cd(II)‐resistant microbe inoculated biochar, was to simultaneously remediate the co‐contamination of Cd and As. The adsorption behaviour and mechanism of Cd(II) and As(III) were studied by using adsorption experiments: the effects of the initial pH of solution, initial concentration of heavy metal, and addition order of Cd(II) and As(III) solutes on adsorption of FM‐DB. The adsorption capacity for Cd and As was 59.27 and 84.73 mg·kg−1, respectively. The results showed both antagonism and synergistic interaction behaviour of Cd(II) and As(III) adsorption. Synergistic effects was primarily governed by electrostatic interaction, biochemistry/specific adsorption and Cd‐As co‐precipitation. To investigate the FM‐DB stabilization ability of heavy metal in two paddy soils, a 60‐days soil incubation experiment was carried out. The pH of SY was significantly increased by 0.39–1.21 units with FM‐DB addition, and the pH of FS remained relatively stable throughout the incubation periods. FM‐DB significantly increased the DOC of the two soils by 40.57% and 18.16%, respectively. The BCR extraction was employed in this study to assess the transformation of unstable Cd and As into residual fractions. FM‐DB significantly decreased the concentration of available Cd and As by 6.7%–20.4% and 8.7%–24.3%, respectively in SY, and by 4%–8% and 5.4%–25.2%, respectively in FS (p < .05). Thus, it is feasible to apply FM‐DB to alleviate the Cd and As pollution in the environment.
Metabolomic analysis reveals an important role of sphingosine 1-phosphate in the development of HFMD due to EV-A71 infection
Authors: Ji Wangquan , Dang Dejian , Zhou Guangyuan , Tao Ling , Sun Tiantian , Li Dong , Cheng Cheng , Feng Huifen , Long Jinzhao , Chen Shuaiyin , Yang Haiyan , Duan Guangcai , Jin Yuefei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious pediatric infectious disease that causes immeasurable physical and mental health burdens. Currently, there is a lack of information on the mechanisms of HFMD severity and early diagnosis. We performed metabolomic profiling of sera from 84 Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections and 45 control individuals. Targeted metabolomics assays were employed to further validate some of the differential metabolic molecules. We identified significant molecular changes in the sera of HFMD patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). A total of 54, 60, 35, and 62 differential metabolites were screened between mild cases and HCs, severe cases and HCs, severe cases and mild cases, and among the three groups, respectively. These differential metabolites implicated dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis. The diagnostic panel based on some overlapped differential metabolites could effectively discriminate severe cases from mild cases with an AUC of 0.912 (95% CI: 0.85–0.97) using the logistic regression model. Next, we found the elevation of serum sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) level in EV-A71 infection mice, which was similar to clinical observation. Importantly, after blocking the release of S1P by MK571, the clinical symptoms and survival of mice were significantly improved, involving the reduction of leukocyte infiltration in infected brain tissues. Collectively, our data provided a landscape view of metabolic alterations in EV-A71 infected children and revealed regulating S1P metabolism was an exploitable therapeutic target against EV-A71 infection.
TAC1b
mutation in
Candida auris
decreases manogepix susceptibility owing to increased
CDR1
expression
Authors: Hirayama Tatsuro , Miyazaki Taiga , Tanaka Rina , Kitahori Natsume , Yoshida Masataka , Takeda Kazuaki , Ide Shotaro , Iwanaga Naoki , Tashiro Masato , Takazono Takahiro , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Makimura Koichi , Tsukamoto Kazuhiro , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Candida auris
is an emerging pathogenic fungus that is highly resistant to existing antifungal drugs. Manogepix is a novel antifungal agent that exerts antifungal activity by inhibiting glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis. Although the mechanisms of resistance of
Candida
species to manogepix have been reported previously, those of
C. auris
are yet to be studied. To investigate the resistance mechanisms of
C. auris
, we exposed a clinical isolate (clade I) to manogepix
in vitro
and generated strains with reduced susceptibility to manogepix. A search for gain-of-function mutations that upregulate efflux pump expression confirmed the presence of the D865N amino acid mutation in
TAC1b
. We used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system to create a recovery strain (N865D) in which only this single nucleotide mutation was returned to the wild-type sequence. We generated a mutant strain by introducing only the D865N mutation into the parent strain and a different clade strain (clade III). The D865N mutant strains were clearly less susceptible to manogepix than the parental strains and exhibited high
CDR1
expression. Moreover, we generated a strain deficient in
CDR1
and confirmed that this strain had significantly increased susceptibility to manogepix. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the
TAC1b
mutation in
C. auris
upregulates
CDR1
expression and decreases its susceptibility to manogepix.
Skin-associated
Corynebacterium amycolatum
shares cobamides
Authors: Swaney M. H. , Henriquez N. , Campbell T. , Handelsman J. , Kalan L. R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

The underlying interactions that occur to maintain skin microbiome composition, function, and overall skin health are largely unknown. Often, these types of interactions are mediated by microbial metabolites. Cobamides, the vitamin B
12
family of cofactors, are essential for metabolism in many bacteria but are only synthesized by a fraction of prokaryotes, including certain skin-associated species. Therefore, we hypothesize that cobamide sharing mediates skin community dynamics. Preliminary work predicts that several skin-associated
Corynebacterium
species encode
de novo
cobamide biosynthesis and that their abundance is associated with skin microbiome diversity. Here, we show that commensal
Corynebacterium amycolatum
produces cobamides and that this synthesis can be tuned by cobalt limitation. To demonstrate cobamide sharing by
C. amycolatum
, we employed a co-culture assay using an
E. coli
cobamide auxotroph and showed that
C. amycolatum
produces sufficient cobamides to support
Escherichia coli
growth, both in liquid co-culture and when separated spatially on solid medium. We also generated a
C. amycolatum
non-cobamide-producing strain (cob
–
) using UV mutagenesis that contains mutated cobamide biosynthesis genes
cobK
(precorrin-6X reductase) and
cobO
(corrinoid adenosyltransferase) and confirm that disruption of cobamide biosynthesis abolishes the support of
E. coli
growth through cobamide sharing. Our study provides a unique model to study metabolite sharing by microorganisms, which will be critical for understanding the fundamental interactions that occur within complex microbiomes and for developing approaches to target the human microbiota for health advances.

IMPORTANCE

The human skin serves as a crucial barrier for the body and hosts a diverse community of microbes known as the skin microbiome. The interactions that occur to maintain a healthy skin microbiome are largely unknown but are thought to be driven in part, by nutrient sharing between species in close association. Here we show that the skin-associated bacteria
Corynebacterium amycolatum
produces and shares cobalamin, a cofactor essential for survival in organisms across all domains of life. This study provides a unique model to study metabolite sharing by skin microorganisms, which will be critical for understanding the fundamental interactions that occur within the skin microbiome and for developing therapeutic approaches aiming to engineer and manipulate the skin microbiota.
K-Mg salt distribution in the Zechstein Group of the Northern Permian Basin (UK and Norway)— Interplays with the Southern Permian Basin and implications for salt cavern development
Authors: Pichat Alexandre , Célini Naïm , Kergaravat Charlie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Zechstein Group in the Northern Permian Basin (UK and south Norway sectors of the North Sea) is subdivided into four halite-rich evaporitic sequences. These sequences contain K-Mg salts, the amount and distribution of which are still poorly constrained. Understanding the lithological variations of the evaporites is important for understanding the syn- to post-salt basin evolution and for predicting the development of salt caverns. We compiled well data to perform intra-salt correlations and to constrain the stratal architecture of the halite-rich units. Our results enable refinement of depositional zones of the Zechstein Group in the Northern Permian Basin with emphasis on the spatial distribution of the K-Mg salt deposits. Our analysis suggests that K-Mg salts were preferentially precipitated in the Forth Approaches Basin and north of the West Central Shelf. This was likely the result of geographic position restricting the direct influx of marine water and early halokinetic movements associated with salt relief that promoted the development of isolated intra-salt minibasins. We then use the revised stratigraphy of the Zechstein Group to propose an evolutionary scenario of the Zechstein Group that considers both the Northern Permian Basin and the Southern Permian Basin and that highlights discrepancies in the bathymetric conditions of halite deposition and the spatial repartition of the K-Mg salts. Finally, our results allow an assessment of the potential risk of finding insoluble deposits or K-Mg salts in bedded salt, salt pillows, or salt diapirs that are otherwise suitable in terms of depth and thickness for the development of salt caverns in the Northern Permian Basin.
Maternal and fetal responses to acute high-intensity resistance exercise during pregnancy
Authors: Moolyk Amy N , Wilson Megan K , Matenchuk Brittany A , Bains Gyanjot , Gervais Matthew J , Wowdzia Jenna B , Davenport Margie H 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo examine maternal and fetal cardiovascular responses to high-intensity resistance exercise in pregnancy.Methods10 healthy pregnant (26.4±3.2 weeks gestation) and 10 healthy non-pregnant individuals were recruited (34.8±6 and 33.5±2.9 years, respectively). At least 48 hours after baseline strength testing to determine 10-repetition maximum (10 RM), participants completed 10 repetitions of barbell back squat, bench press and deadlift at 70%, 80% and 90% of 10 RM with free breathing, followed by 10 repetitions at 90% 10 RM with a Valsalva manoeuvre. Maternal heart rate was monitored continuously. Fetal heart rate, umbilical systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), as well as maternal blood pressure, glucose and lactate were assessed immediately before and after exercise.ResultsThe amount of weight lifted and the rate of perceived exertion by pregnant and non-pregnant participants were similar throughout each exercise. Maternal heart rate increased with the amount of weight lifted, peaking with the use of the Valsalva manoeuvre (squat: 137.3±8.4 bpm; bench press: 110.5±10.4 bpm; deadlift: 130.7±9.0 bpm). Fetal bradycardia was not observed, and fetal heart rate did not change from pre-to-post exercise (squat: p=0.639; bench press: p=0.682; deadlift: p=0.847). Umbilical blood flow metrics, such as RI, remained within normal ranges throughout each set of squats (p=0.642), bench press (p=0.287) and deadlifts (p=0.614).ConclusionOur findings suggest that high-intensity resistance exercises are well tolerated by both mother and fetus, including while using the Valsalva manoeuvre.