bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing chain‐end structures formed during initiation reactions of radical polymerization for MMA‐St‐BA terpolymer using pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Harata Kenji , Kitagawa Shinya , Iiguni Yoshinori , Ohtani Hajime , Ezaki Tatsuya 
Published: December 2019

RationaleAnalyzing polymer end groups using pyrolysis (Py) gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in multi‐component polymer samples is not an easy task because of the insufficient sensitivity, selectivity, and mass resolution of conventional Py‐GC/MS systems.MethodsA new Py‐GC/MS system using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source combined with high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was used for end‐group analysis of a methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐styrene (St)‐butyl acrylate (BA) terpolymer (P (MMA‐St‐BA)), which was radically polymerized using 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) as an initiator.ResultsFive possible pyrolyzates, comprising an AMBN fragment and a monomer unit, formed during the initiation reactions from one of the three types of end groups, were selectively detected and exclusively identified in their respective extracted ion chromatograms for molecule‐related ions, such as M+ and [M + H]+, with a narrow mass window of ±2 milli m/z units.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that Py‐APCI‐TOFMS is a powerful technique to characterize in detail the complex end groups in multi‐component polymer samples, because of the soft ionization nature of APCI and the high mass resolution of TOFMS.
Resilient control of networked control systems under deception attacks: A memory‐event‐triggered communication scheme
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Tian Engang , Liu Jinliang , Wei Linnan , Yue Dong 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper considers resilient event‐triggered control problem for a class of networked systems subject to randomly occurring deception attacks. First, a new memory event‐triggered scheme (METS) is proposed to reduce the utilization of communication resources while maintaining desired system performance. Different from some existing event‐triggered schemes, some recently released packets are firstly utilized in the proposed METS, which provides a better flexibility to improve the system dynamics. Second, considering the security problem of the networked control systems, a randomly occurring deception attack model is employed where the bounded malicious signals are injected by the adversary. Considering both the effects of METS and deception attack, new type of networked control system model is constructed and the corresponding memory state‐feedback controller is designed. Then, sufficient conditions for the asymptotical stability of the systems are derived by using a Lyapunov functional technique. Finally, the obtained results are verified through a pendulum system, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Advanced Hybrid GaN/ZnO Nanoarchitectured Microtubes for Fluorescent Micromotors Driven by UV Light
Authors: Wolff Niklas , Ciobanu Vladimir , Enachi Mihail , Kamp Marius , Braniste Tudor , Duppel Viola , Shree Sindu , Raevschi Simion , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana , Adelung Rainer , Schmidt Oliver G. , Kienle Lorenz , Tiginyanu Ion 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of functional microstructures with designed hierarchical and complex morphologies and large free active surfaces offers new potential for improvement of the pristine microstructures properties by the synergistic combination of microscopic as well as nanoscopic effects. In this contribution, dedicated methods of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) including tomography are used to characterize the complex hierarchically structured hybrid GaN/ZnO:Au microtubes containing a dense nanowire network on their interior. The presence of an epitaxially stabilized and chemically extremely stable ultrathin layer of ZnO on the inner wall of the produced GaN microtubes is evidenced. Gold nanoparticles initially trigger the catalytic growth of solid solution phase (Ga1–xZnx)(N1–xOx) nanowires into the interior space of the microtube, which are found to be terminated by AuGa‐alloy nanodots coated in a shell of amorphous GaOx species after the hydride vapor phase epitaxy process. The structural characterization suggests that this hierarchical design of GaN/ZnO microtubes could offer the potential to exhibit improved photocatalytic properties, which are initially demonstrated under UV light irradiation. As a proof of concept, the produced microtubes are used as photocatalytic micromotors in the presence of hydrogen peroxide solution with luminescent properties, which are appealing for future environmental applications and active matter fundamental studies.
Effectiveness of Topical Insulin Dressings in Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Bhittani Mehreen K. , Rehman Mubarak , Altaf Humera N. , Altaf Omar S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfected diabetic foot ulcers are always a problem for the surgeon, as well as, an economic burden upon the patient and state, in terms of increased hospital stay and cost of medications and dressings. Various methods have been devised for the treatment of infected wounds in history with varying results in different patients groups. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of topical insulin on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with the conventional Pyodine® povidone iodine dressing. Our objective was to compare effectiveness of topical insulin with conventional Pyodine® povidone iodine dressings in frequency of healing of diabetic foot ulcers.Materials and MethodsIt was a quasi‐experimental study done at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad over a period of 20 months from January 2015 to September 2016. One hundred ten patients were included in the study. Sampling technique used was non‐probability consecutive. Patients were assigned into two groups, group A receiving treatment with solution of 30 International Units Insulin Regular in 30 ml of normal saline and group B receiving conventional dressing with normal saline. The wound were compared for both groups at the days 7, 14 and 21 for wound healing. Complete healing time of diabetic foot ulcers was determined from patients’ followup visits in outpatient department. Data was by analyzed by SPSS 20.ResultsA total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided equally into both control and experimental groups. The mean age of the patients was 53.23 ± 6.21 years. The mean pre‐treatment wound diameter was 4.81 ± 0.85 cm in the placebo group, while it was 4.84 ± 0.81 cm in the topical insulin group (CI 0.29–0.35, P = 0.875). The mean post‐treatment wound diameter was 3.90 ± 0.76 cm in the placebo group, while it was 2.46 ± 0.57 cm in the topical insulin group (CI 0.44–0.58, P = 0.022). The mean wound difference was 0.91 ± 0.25 cm in the placebo group, while it was 2.4 ± 0.34 cm in the topical insulin group (CI 0.40–0.20, P = 0.041). The mean percent reduction in wound diameter was 19.2 ± 4.6% in the placebo group, while it was 49.7 ± 5.2% cm in the topical insulin group (CI 10.6–6.1, P = 0.001).ConclusionThere was significant contraction seen in the size of the ulcer in both the study groups depicting the healing process.
“Can Computer Based Human-Likeness Endanger Humanness?” – A Philosophical and Ethical Perspective on Digital Assistants Expressing Feelings They Can’t Have”
Authors: Porra Jaana , Lacity Mary , Parks Michael S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDigital assistants engage with us with increasingly human-like conversations, including the expression of human emotions with such utterances as“I am sorry…”, “I hope you enjoy…”, “I am grateful…”, or “I regret that…”. By 2021, digital assistants will outnumber humans. No one seems to stop to ask if creating more digital companions that appear increasingly human is really beneficial to the future of our species. In this essay, we pose the question:“How human should computer-based human-likeness appear?”We rely on the philosophy of humanness and the theory of speech acts to consider the long-term consequences of living with digital creatures that express human-like feelings. We argue that feelings are the very substance of our humanness and therefore are best reserved forhumaninteraction.
Measurements of thermophysical properties of solid and liquid NIST SRM 316L stainless steel
Authors: Pichler Peter , Simonds Brian J. , Sowards Jeffrey W. , Pottlacher Gernot 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we perform high accuracy measurements of thermophysical properties for the National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference material for 316L stainless steel. As these properties can be sensitive to small changes in elemental composition even within the allowed tolerances for an alloy class, by selecting a publicly available standard reference material for study our results are particularly useful for the validation of multiphysics models of industrial metal processes. An ohmic pulse-heating system was used to directly measure the electrical resistivity, enthalpy, density, and thermal expansion as functions of temperature. This apparatus applies high current pulses to heat wire-shaped samples from room temperature to metal vaporization. The great advantage of this particular pulse-heating apparatus is the very short experimental duration of 50 $$\upmu {{\hbox {s}}}$$μs, which is faster than the collapse of the liquid wire due to gravitational forces, as well as that it prevents any chemical reactions of the hot liquid metal with its surroundings. Additionally, a differential scanning calorimeter was used to measure specific heat capacity from room temperature to around 1400 K. All data are accompanied by uncertainties according to the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.
Nonlinear vibrations of a rotating thin-walled composite piezo-beam with circumferentially uniform stiffness (CUS)
Authors: Latalski Jarosław , Warminski Jerzy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA rotating system comprising a hub and a thin-walled laminate cantilever beam with embedded nonlinear piezoelectric layers is analysed in the paper. The reinforcing fibres set-up in composite material conforms to circumferentially uniform stiffness lamination scheme. This configuration exhibits the mutual bending couplings in two orthogonal planes. Nonlinear analytical model of a piezoelectric material embedded onto the beam walls is postulated by considering the higher-order constitutive relations with respect to electric field variable. Moreover, to properly model electromechanical structural behaviour, the full two-way coupling piezoelectric effect is considered. To this aim, the assumption of a spanwise electric field variation is postulated in the mathematical model of the structure. Based on previous authors’ research, the system of mutually coupled nonlinear equations of motion is formulated. In the numerical analysis the forced response of the system under zero and nonzero mean value harmonic torque excitation is considered. In particular, the influence of hub inertia, excitation amplitude and mean rotating speed on system dynamics is investigated. The results are presented in the form of appropriate frequency response plots and bifurcation diagrams.
Minimal disturbance: in defence of pragmatic reasons of the right kind
Authors: Bastian Lisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper draws attention to an important methodological shortcoming in debates about what counts as a reason for belief. An extremely influential distinction in this literature is between reasons of the ‘right kind’ and the ‘wrong kind’. However, as I will demonstrate, arguments making use of this distinction often rely on a specific (and not explicitly stated) conception of epistemic rationality. Shifting focus to a reasonable alternative, namely a coherentist conception, can lead to surprising consequences—in particular, pragmatic reasons can, against orthodoxy, indeed be reasons of the right kind for belief.
Frequent Attendance to the Emergency Department after Release from Prison: a Prospective Data Linkage Study
Authors: Butler Amanda , Love Alexander D. , Young Jesse T. , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to identify characteristics and predictors of frequent emergency department (ED) use among people released from prisons in Queensland, Australia. Baseline interview data from a sample of sentenced adults were linked to ED and hospital records. The association between baseline characteristics and frequent ED attendance was modelled by fitting multivariate logistic regression models. Participants who had ≥ 4 visits to the ED in any 365-day period of community follow-up were defined as frequent attenders (FA). The analyses included 1307 people and mean follow-up time in the community was 1063 days. After adjusting for covariates, those with a dual diagnoses of mental illness and substance use (RR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.47–3.99) and those with mental illness alone (RR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.29–4.73) were at higher risk of frequent ED attendance, compared with those with no disorder. Future research should assess whether individually tailored transition supports from prison to community reduce the frequency of ED use among this population.
Vitamin D Status After Gastric Bypass or Sleeve Gastrectomy over 4 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Fox Alistair , Slater Chris , Ahmed Babur , Ammori Basil J. , Senapati Siba , Akhtar Khurshid , Ellison Jodi , Summers Lucinda K. M. , Robinson Adam , New John P. , Soran Handrean , Adam Safwaan , Syed Akheel A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Bariatric surgery for severe obesity can lead to micronutrient/vitamin deficiencies.

Aims
To study baseline and post-surgical prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Participants and Setting
Patients undergoing bariatric surgery in a university teaching hospital in North West England.

Methods
We performed an observational cohort analysis of longitudinal data on vitamin D and related parameters in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. Patients were routinely recommended daily combined calcium and vitamin D supplementation post-surgery.

Results
We studied 460 patients who had completed at least 12 months post-operatively; mean (standard deviation) age was 48.0 (10.5) years, weight 144.7 (27.3) kg and body mass index 50.0 (7.6) kg/m2; 292 (63.5%) underwent gastric bypass and 168 (36.5%) sleeve gastrectomy. Vitamin D level was 33.1 (23.9) nmol/L at baseline, rising to 57.1 (23.1) nmol/L at 12 months post-surgery. Whereas 43.2% had vitamin D deficiency and 34.7% insufficiency preoperatively, 8.9% and 26.7% had deficiency and insufficiency, respectively, at 12 months with similar trends up to 4 years of follow-up. There were no significant differences between procedures or sexes in vitamin D levels or sufficiency rates.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent pre-surgery and reduced significantly with routine supplementation post-surgery.
Evaluation of a Desktop 3D Printed Rigid Refractive-Indexed-Matched Flow Phantom for PIV Measurements on Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Ho W. H. , Tshimanga I. J. , Ngoepe M. N. , Jermy M. C. , Geoghegan P. H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Fabrication of a suitable flow model or phantom is critical to the study of biomedical fluid dynamics using optical flow visualization and measurement methods. The main difficulties arise from the optical properties of the model material, accuracy of the geometry and ease of fabrication.

Methods
Conventionally an investment casting method has been used, but recently advancements in additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing have allowed the flow model to be printed directly with minimal post-processing steps. This study presents results of an investigation into the feasibility of fabrication of such models suitable for particle image velocimetry (PIV) using a common 3D printing Stereolithography process and photopolymer resin.

Results
An idealised geometry of a cerebral aneurysm was printed to demonstrate its applicability for PIV experimentation. The material was shown to have a refractive index of 1.51, which can be refractive matched with a mixture of de-ionised water with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). The images were of a quality that after applying common PIV pre-processing techniques and a PIV cross-correlation algorithm, the results produced were consistent within the aneurysm when compared to previous studies.

Conclusions
This study presents an alternative low-cost option for 3D printing of a flow phantom suitable for flow visualization simulations. The use of 3D printed flow phantoms reduces the complexity, time and effort required compared to conventional investment casting methods by removing the necessity of a multi-part process required with investment casting techniques.
Connectivity Reliability on an Urban Rail Transit Network from the Perspective of Passenger Travel
Authors: Liu Jie , Peng Qiyuan , Chen Jinqu , Yin Yong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Under the background of urbanization and the rapid development of urban rail transit (URT), serious attention has been focused on URT network reliability in recent years. In this work, in order to measure network reliability, three indicators are constructed based on passengers’ tolerable travel paths, passenger travel efficiency and passenger travel realization on a URT network. The passenger tolerability coefficient, which is the ratio of passengers’ tolerable travel time to the shortest possible travel time, is proposed and added to the indicators. It reflects passengers’ behavior with respect to choice of travel paths. The ratio of affected passenger volume (RAPV) is proposed to identify important stations. Finally, the connectivity reliability of Wuhan’s subway network is analyzed by simulating attacks on stations. The results show that the degree centrality, betweenness centrality and RAPV indicators of stations can effectively identify the important stations that have a significant impact on the connectivity reliability of the network. In particular, the RAPV indicator effectively identifies stations that have the greatest influence on passenger travel realization. The connectivity reliability of Wuhan’s subway network is sensitive to passenger tolerability coefficient, and reliability is greater during non-peak hours than during peak hours. In addition, the stations that are important to the connectivity reliability of the Wuhan subway have two features, i.e., they are located at the center of the city, and they are important for connecting subgraphs of the network.
Expectations do not affect punishment
Authors: Coffman Lucas C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractExpectations-based reference dependence has been shown to be important across a variety of contexts in Psychology and Economics. Do expectations play a role in moral judgment? The higher our beliefs are relative to an outcome, do we punish more harshly? This paper reports a series of experiments investigating the hypothesis that expectations as reference points per se affect punishment. The experimental design varies the expectation the Punisher holds just before she learns what actually occurred. In tandem with the manipulation, expectations are shown to vary significantly and substantially. However, punishment does not respond to these exogenous changes in expectations. After 17 sessions, 295 Punishers, and six experimental setups, expectations are shown not to affect punishment in any systematic way.
The Agonistic Poetics of Dāsya-bhāva: the Soteriological Confrontation Between Deity and Devotee
Authors: Barua Ankur 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe devotional literatures across the Hindu bhakti traditions of medieval India are shaped by distinctive styles of affective responses to the divine reality. A theme which recurs in several layers of their songs is a theological dialectic between divine majesty and divine accessibility; the divine is not only simply transcendent in the sense of being a distant deity but is also immanently present in and through a range of human sensitivities, emotions, and affectivities. We will highlight the dialectic in the devotional songs of three medieval figures, Tulsīdās (c. 1600), Sūrdās (c. 1600), and Mādhavadeva (1489–1596), which are structured primarily by the devotional attitude of a servant (dāsa) towards the Lord. As we will see, this theological servitude is not to be understood as a form of abject servility, for the three poets, in their somewhat distinctive ways, can not only speak of the Lord as a friend and as a lover, but can even level various kinds of complaints, challenges, and accusations at the Lord. Thus, if the Lord’s transcendental sovereignty is emphasised by the devotee through the modes of self-censure, the Lord’s immanent availability is also highlighted through the protests that the devotee fervently makes to the seemingly uncaring Lord.
Aiding the discovery of new treatments for dementia by uncovering unknown benefits of existing medications
Authors: Kern David M. , Cepeda M. Soledad , Lovestone Simon , Seabrook Guy R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is a significant need for disease‐modifying therapies to treat and prevent dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Availability of real‐world observational information and new analytic techniques to analyze large volumes of data can provide a path to aid drug discovery.MethodsUsing a self‐controlled study design, we examined the association between 2181 medications and incidence of dementia across four US insurance claims databases. Medications associated with ≥50% reduction in risk of dementia in ≥2 databases were examined.ResultsA total of 117,015,066 individuals were included in the analysis. Seventeen medications met our threshold criteria for a potential protective effect on dementia and fell into five classes: catecholamine modulators, anticonvulsants, antibiotics/antivirals, anticoagulants, and a miscellaneous group.DiscussionThe biological pathways of the medications identified in this analysis may be targets for further research and may aid in discovering novel therapeutic approaches to treat dementia. These data show association not causality.
Ineffective levels of transforming growth factors and their receptor account for old age being a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAfter the midninth decade of age, the incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the presence of active TGF‐β1 show comparable increases. The hypothesis is proposed that the reason why advanced age is a major risk factor for AD is a progressive decrease with advancing age in the numbers of TGFR2 receptors in the brain, with the consequence of a decline in the neurotrophic efficacy of TGF‐β1 and 2 despite their already increased levels in older persons. Alternative, possible reasons are discussed but rejected because either those reasons may also affect young persons or because they cannot be validated in a clinical trial. The proposed hypothesis may be validated in persons with aMCI after raising their brain levels of TGF‐β1 and 2 by using a combination of three drugs, lithium, memantine, plus either glatiramer or venlafaxine, and then assessing their progression to AD.