bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SCOPE OF RELIGIOUS GROUP AUTONOMY: VARIETIES OF JUDICIAL EXAMINATION OF CHURCH EMPLOYMENT DECISIONS
Authors: Billingham Paul 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe idea of “church autonomy” has risen to prominence in law and religion discourse in recent years. Defenders argue that church autonomy is essential to protecting religious freedom, while critics argue that it permits great harm. This heated dispute often obscures the fact that religious group autonomy is not all-or-nothing. Religious organizations can enjoy some autonomy without being free from all legal oversight. This article thus seeks to make progress in the debate by providing a taxonomy of kinds of judicial examination of religious organizations’ decisions—focusing on employment decisions—and normatively assessing each kind. I argue that religious groups should enjoy protection from certain kinds of examination, but other kinds are justifiable, and even required. My argument supports an approach similar to that seen in some recent European Court of Human Rights decisions, rather than the less discriminating approach of U.S. courts.
Genealogy, authority and Muslim political representation in British India
Authors: TIGNOL EVE 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reflects on the significance of genealogy for Sayyids and other Muslim elites in British North India by exploring some literary productions and political endeavours of the Aligarh movement. At the end of the nineteenth century, poems recalling the extra-Indian origins of Muslim elites became increasingly popular, as Altaf Husain Hali's Musaddas best exemplified. Translating an anxiety of seeing their power and influence reduced in the colonial world, such nostalgic discourse, intertwining representations of lineage and authority, promptly entered the political realm. The genealogy rhetoric deployed in Urdu poetry played a significant role in sustaining the claims of the leaders of the Aligarh movement as they strove to bolster a cohesive sharīf community identity and secure political leadership during the anti-Congress propaganda of 1888 as well as to obtain advantages from British officials according to their so-called political importance. In this context, this article emphasises that in Aligarh's nostalgic poetry, the greatest political weight was put on belonging to the ashrāf category rather than to the Sayyids, who only occasionally feature in the sources.
Into the bazaar: Indian Ocean vernaculars in the age of global capitalism
Authors: Bishara Fahad , Wint Hollian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrawing on a far-flung, multilingual archive of contracts and financial instruments from around the western Indian Ocean, this article highlights how cross-cultural trade depended on the ability of groups to translate between one system and another, rendering one commercial lexicon legible to another so as to produce commensurability and allow for conversions to take place. Law constituted a foundational building block of this process: Indian Ocean merchants drew on a deep well of legal concepts and forms as they attempted to make their worlds legible to one another, mobilizing the grammars of law to bridge commercial systems. We situate these dynamics within the context of the Indian Ocean ‘bazaar’, establishing it as a site for thinking about the place of cross-cultural trade in world history, and the histories of global capitalism more broadly. We suggest that Euro-American capitalism’s very agents had to adapt their commerce to the idioms, logics, and contracts of their business partners around the Indian Ocean – a vernacular world of the bazaar that was itself already in motion.
On the use of Archimedean copulas for insurance modelling
Authors: Kularatne Thilini Dulanjali , Li Jackie , Pitt David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the use of an extensive list of Archimedean copulas in general and life insurance modelling. We consider not only the usual choices like the Clayton, Gumbel–Hougaard, and Frank copulas but also several others which have not drawn much attention in previous applications. First, we apply different copula functions to two general insurance data sets, co-modelling losses and allocated loss adjustment expenses, and also losses to building and contents. Second, we adopt these copulas for modelling the mortality trends of two neighbouring countries and calculate the market price of a mortality bond. Our results clearly show that the diversity of Archimedean copula structures gives much flexibility for modelling different kinds of data sets and that the copula and tail dependence assumption can have a significant impact on pricing and valuation. Moreover, we conduct a large simulation exercise to investigate further the caveats in copula selection. Finally, we examine a number of other estimation methods which have not been tested in previous insurance applications.
The Adaptability Scale
Authors: van Dam Karen , Meulders Michel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Although dynamics within and outside organizations emphasize the importance of employee adaptability, a validated scale that assesses employee adaptability as an individual difference construct is still lacking. Five studies were conducted to develop (Study 1, N = 235) and validate a 10-item scale for employee adaptability and investigate its factor structure and measurement invariance (Study 2, N = 331; Study 3, N = 375), convergent validity and discriminant validity (Study 4, N = 117), and concurrent validity, predictive validity, and measurement stability (Study 5, N = 263 T1, N = 113 T2). Overall, the findings revealed good internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, concurrent and predictive validity, and adequate measurement invariance. Potential applications for the adaptability scale are discussed.
The efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids on depressive symptoms in perinatal women: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Mi-Mi , Zou Yan , Li Su-Min , Wang Li , Sun Yu-Hui , Shi Le , Lu Lin , Bao Yan-Ping , Li Su-Xia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOmega-3 fatty acids (FA), as a nutrient, has been proven effective in major depressive disorder (MDD), however, the results of monotherapy in perinatal depression (PND) remain unclear. To examine the efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids (FA) monotherapy for perinatal depression (PND) compared with placebo. PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched from inception up to November 2019. The reference lists of relevant review articles and included studies were also reviewed. Randomized placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy and safety of omega-3 FA monotherapy in perinatal women with depressive symptoms were included. Pooled standard mean differences (SMD) were calculated and random-effects models were adopted for all analyses. Subgroups analyses and meta-regression were performed to quantify characteristics of the subjects and trials influencing the omega-3 response. In addition, meta-regression was conducted to identify the source of heterogeneity. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO, CRD42020159542. Eight eligible randomized placebo-controlled trials were included involving 638 participants. There was a significant effect of omega-3 FA on perinatal depression. Omega-3 with higher ratio of EPA/DHA (≥1.5) had significant efficacy both in mild-to-moderate pregnant and postpartum depression with low incidence of side effects. Among the included trials reporting adverse effects, there was no significant difference in incidence of gastrointestinal and neurologic events between the omega-3 and placebo groups. There was no evidence of publication bias. Our findings suggested that omega-3 FA significantly improved depressive symptoms in perinatal women regardless of pregnant or postpartum and well-tolerated. Furthermore, the omega-3 response was linked to higher EPA proportion in omega-3 formula and mild- to-moderate depression.
A strong and ductile medium-entropy alloy resists hydrogen embrittlement and corrosion
Authors: Luo Hong , Sohn Seok Su , Lu Wenjun , Li Linlin , Li Xiaogang , Soundararajan Chandrahaasan K. , Krieger Waldemar , Li Zhiming , Raabe Dierk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStrong and ductile materials that have high resistance to corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement are rare and yet essential for realizing safety-critical energy infrastructures, hydrogen-based industries, and transportation solutions. Here we report how we reconcile these constraints in the form of a strong and ductile CoNiV medium-entropy alloy with face-centered cubic structure. It shows high resistance to hydrogen embrittlement at ambient temperature at a strain rate of 10−4 s−1, due to its low hydrogen diffusivity and the deformation twinning that impedes crack propagation. Moreover, a dense oxide film formed on the alloy’s surface reduces the hydrogen uptake rate, and provides high corrosion resistance in dilute sulfuric acid with a corrosion current density below 7 μA cm−2. The combination of load carrying capacity and resistance to harsh environmental conditions may qualify this multi-component alloy as a potential candidate material for sustainable and safe infrastructures and devices.
Hybrid integrated photonics using bulk acoustic resonators
Authors: Tian Hao , Liu Junqiu , Dong Bin , Skehan J. Connor , Zervas Michael , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Bhave Sunil A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntegrated photonic devices based on Si3N4 waveguides allow for the exploitation of nonlinear frequency conversion, exhibit low propagation loss, and have led to advances in compact atomic clocks, ultrafast ranging, and spectroscopy. Yet, the lack of Pockels effect presents a major challenge to achieve high-speed modulation of Si3N4. Here, microwave-frequency acousto-optic modulation is realized by exciting high-overtone bulk acoustic wave resonances (HBAR) in the photonic stack. Although HBAR is ubiquitously used in modern communication and superconducting circuits, this is the first time it has been incorporated on a photonic integrated chip. The tight vertical acoustic confinement releases the lateral design of freedom, and enables negligible cross-talk and preserving low optical loss. This hybrid HBAR nanophotonic platform can find immediate applications in topological photonics with synthetic dimensions, compact opto-electronic oscillators, and microwave-to-optical converters. As an application, a Si3N4-based optical isolator is demonstrated by spatiotemporal modulation, with over 17 dB isolation achieved.
Human stereoEEG recordings reveal network dynamics of decision-making in a rule-switching task
Authors: ter Wal Marije , Platonov Artem , Cardellicchio Pasquale , Pelliccia Veronica , LoRusso Giorgio , Sartori Ivana , Avanzini Pietro , Orban Guy A. , Tiesinga Paul H. E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe processing steps that lead up to a decision, i.e., the transformation of sensory evidence into motor output, are not fully understood. Here, we combine stereoEEG recordings from the human cortex, with single-lead and time-resolved decoding, using a wide range of temporal frequencies, to characterize decision processing during a rule-switching task. Our data reveal the contribution of rostral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) regions, in particular PFt, and the parietal opercular regions in decision processing and demonstrate that the network representing the decision is common to both task rules. We reconstruct the sequence in which regions engage in decision processing on single trials, thereby providing a detailed picture of the network dynamics involved in decision-making. The reconstructed timeline suggests that the supramarginal gyrus in IPL links decision regions in prefrontal cortex with premotor regions, where the motor plan for the response is elaborated.
Meta-analysis of the impacts of global change factors on soil microbial diversity and functionality
Authors: Zhou Zhenghu , Wang Chuankuan , Luo Yiqi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBiodiversity on the Earth is changing at an unprecedented rate due to a variety of global change factors (GCFs). However, the effects of GCFs on microbial diversity is unclear despite that soil microorganisms play a critical role in biogeochemical cycling. Here, we synthesize 1235 GCF observations worldwide and show that microbial rare species are more sensitive to GCFs than common species, while GCFs do not always lead to a reduction in microbial diversity. GCFs-induced shifts in microbial alpha diversity can be predominately explained by the changed soil pH. In addition, GCF impacts on soil functionality are explained by microbial community structure and biomass rather than the alpha diversity. Altogether, our findings of GCF impacts on microbial diversity are fundamentally different from previous knowledge for well-studied plant and animal communities, and are crucial to policy-making for the conservation of microbial diversity hotspots under global changes.
Circadian regulation of hedonic appetite in mice by clocks in dopaminergic neurons of the VTA
Authors: Koch C. E. , Begemann K. , Kiehn J. T. , Griewahn L. , Mauer J. , M. E. Hess  , Moser A. , Schmid S. M. , Brüning J. C. , Oster H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnlimited access to calorie-dense, palatable food is a hallmark of Western societies and substantially contributes to the worldwide rise of metabolic disorders. In addition to promoting overconsumption, palatable diets dampen daily intake patterns, further augmenting metabolic disruption. We developed a paradigm to reveal differential timing in the regulation of food intake behavior in mice. While homeostatic intake peaks in the active phase, conditioned place preference and choice experiments show an increased sensitivity to overeating on palatable food during the rest phase. This hedonic appetite rhythm is driven by endogenous circadian clocks in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Mice with disrupted clock function in the VTA lose their hedonic overconsumption rhythms without affecting homeostatic intake. These findings assign a functional role of VTA clocks in modulating palatable feeding behaviors and identify a potential therapeutic route to counteract hyperphagy in an obesogenic environment.
Sex- and age-specific effects of energy intake and physical activity on sarcopenia
Authors: Cho Yu Jin , Lim Youn-Hee , Yun Jae Moon , Yoon Hyung-Jin , Park Minseon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is a common health issue that is not limited to only elderly patients. However, many studies have reported factors to prevent sarcopenia only in susceptible groups. This study evaluates the relationship of the total energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratio (EI/BMR) and physical activity (PA) with sarcopenia. A second aim was to analyze the interaction between EI/BMR and PA by sex and age. We analyzed 16,313 subjects aged ≥ 19 years who had dual‒energy X-ray absorptiometry data. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular lean mass/weight (%) that was 1 standard deviation below the sex-specific mean value for a young reference group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the interaction between EI/BMR and PA. In this study, as EI/BMR increased, the risk of sarcopenia decreased, particularly in the older groups. Both high PA and high EI/BMR were independently related to the reduced risk of sarcopenia and showed additive effects on reducing the risk in young male and older groups. However, high PA was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in the young female group with low energy intake. Our findings suggest that an adequate balance between energy intake and PA is related to a low risk of sarcopenia, especially in young females.
An understanding of third-party friendships in a tolerant macaque
Authors: Whitehouse Jamie , Meunier Hélène 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComplex societies are shaped by social relationships between multiple individuals. The pressure to track these relationships has driven the evolution of social cognition in primates. Importantly, it can be adaptive to track not only personal relationships, but also those established between third-parties. Primates have knowledge about others’ dominance hierarchies and kinship, but we do not know to what extent they also understand friendships. In a playback experiment, Tonkean macaques were presented with simulated conflicts involving third-party female dyads who were established friends or non-friends. Hearing a conflict between friends elicited a stronger behavioural response in listeners (i.e. an increase in looking time) compared to hearing a conflict between non-friends. Conflicts between friends are likely to represent a greater disruption of the social group and structure of the network, and therefore this difference in response may represent an adaptive strategy employed by the macaques to selectively monitor important social interactions in the group. These findings provide evidence that Tonkean macaques (and potentially other primates) can classify the relationships of others based on their degree of friendship and additionally, confirms the important role friendships have within the societies of social primates.
Sex differences in high-level appreciation of automobile design-evoked gamma broadband synchronization
Authors: Wang Regina W. Y. , Ke Tsai-Miau , Chuang Shang-Wen , Liu I-Ning 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted to provide neuroimaging correlates for neurodesign of automobile for marketing aesthetics, using event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) and participant reports. Thirty men and women aged 22–27 years were presented with various 3-dimensional automobile modelling shapes (rectangular, streamlined, and round), which were cross-matched with various interior colour tones (pure hue/vivid, light, and dark tones) in the experimental conditions, i.e., rectangular exterior with a vivid tone interior. The stimuli pairs were to be rated by participants to facilitate our understanding of the emotional dimensions of automotive design qualities. Significant differences were observed in the high gamma band of 80–100 Hz in the left temporal area between the two sexes. Men elicited a stronger high gamma band signals for dark colour tone interiors and rectangular or round automobile modelling designs because of the meaningful and comprehensible signals associated with the mechanisms of working memory. In contrast, women had fewer reactions than men, and elicited higher beta-band dynamics in the anterior cingulate cortex for rectangular automobile modelling design, and higher gamma-band dynamics for light colour tone interiors, which might relate to their higher self-awareness of positive emotional reward.
WNT and inflammatory signaling distinguish human Fallopian tube epithelial cell populations
Authors: Rose Ian M. , Bidarimath Mallikarjun , Webster Alex , Godwin Andrew K. , Flesken-Nikitin Andrea , Nikitin Alexander Yu. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMany high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) likely originate in the distal region of the Fallopian tube’s epithelium (TE) before metastasizing to the ovary. Unfortunately, molecular mechanisms promoting malignancy in the distal TE are obfuscated, largely due to limited primary human TE gene expression data. Here we report an in depth bioinformatic characterization of 34 primary TE mRNA-seq samples. These samples were prepared from proximal and distal TE regions of 12 normal Fallopian tubes. Samples were segregated based on their aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Distal cells form organoids with higher frequency and larger size during serial organoid formation assays when compared to proximal cells. Consistent with enrichment for stem/progenitor cells, ALDH+ cells have greater WNT signaling. Comparative evaluation of proximal and distal TE cell population’s shows heightened inflammatory signaling in distal differentiated (ALDH−) TE. Furthermore, comparisons of proximal and distal TE cell populations finds that the distal ALDH+ TE cells exhibit pronounced expression of gene sets characteristic of HGSC sub-types. Overall, our study indicates increased organoid forming capacity, WNT/inflammatory signaling, and HGSC signatures underlie differences between distal and proximal regions of the human TE. These findings provide the basis for further mechanistic studies of distal TE susceptibility to the malignant transformation.
An integrated Asian human SNV and indel benchmark established using multiple sequencing methods
Authors: Huang Chuanfeng , Shao Libin , Qu Shoufang , Rao Junhua , Cheng Tao , Cao Zhisheng , Liu Sanyang , Hu Jie , Liang Xinming , Shang Ling , Chen Yangyi , Liang Zhikun , Zhang Jiezhong , Chen Peipei , Luo Donghong , Zhu Anna , Yu Ting , Zhang Wenxin , Fan Guangyi , Chen Fang , Huang Jie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSequencing technologies have been rapidly developed recently, leading to the breakthrough of sequencing-based clinical diagnosis, but accurate and complete genome variation benchmark would be required for further assessment of precision medicine applications. Despite the human cell line of NA12878 has been successfully developed to be a variation benchmark, population-specific variation benchmark is still lacking. Here, we established an Asian human variation benchmark by constructing and sequencing a stabilized cell line of a Chinese Han volunteer. By using seven different sequencing strategies, we obtained ~3.88 Tb clean data from different laboratories, hoping to reach the point of high sequencing depth and accurate variation detection. Through the combination of variations identified from different sequencing strategies and different analysis pipelines, we identified 3.35 million SNVs and 348.65 thousand indels, which were well supported by our sequencing data and passed our strict quality control, thus should be high confidence variation benchmark. Besides, we also detected 5,913 high-quality SNVs which had 969 sites were novel and located in the high homologous regions supported by long-range information in both the co-barcoding single tube Long Fragment Read (stLFR) data and PacBio HiFi CCS data. Furthermore, by using the long reads data (stLFR and HiFi CCS), we were able to phase more than 99% heterozygous SNVs, which helps to improve the benchmark to be haplotype level. Our study provided comprehensive sequencing data as well as the integrated variation benchmark of an Asian derived cell line, which would be valuable for future sequencing-based clinical development.
Fibronectin extra domain A (FN-EDA) elevates intraocular pressure through Toll-like receptor 4 signaling
Authors: Roberts Amanda L. , Mavlyutov Timur A. , Perlmutter Tanisha E. , Curry Stacy M. , Harris Sherri L. , Chauhan Anil K. , McDowell Colleen M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for the development and progression of primary open angle glaucoma and is due to trabecular meshwork (TM) damage, which leads to impaired aqueous humor outflow. Here, we explore a novel molecular mechanism involved in glaucomatous TM damage. We investigated the role of an endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, fibronectin-EDA (FN-EDA), in TGFβ2-induced ocular hypertension in mice. We utilized transgenic mouse strains that either constitutively express only FN containing the EDA isoform or contain an EDA-null allele and express only FN lacking EDA, with or without a mutation in Tlr4, in our inducible mouse model of ocular hypertension by injection of Ad5.TGFβ2. IOP was measured over time and eyes accessed by immunohistochemistry for total FN and FN-EDA expression. Constitutively active EDA caused elevated IOP starting at 14 weeks of age. Ad5.TGFβ2 induced ocular hypertension in wildtype C57BL/6J mice and further amplified the IOP in constitutively active EDA mice. TLR4 null and EDA null mice blocked Ad5.TGFβ-induced ocular hypertension. Total FN and FN-EDA isoform expression increased in response to Ad5.TGFβ2. These data suggest that both TLR4 and FN-EDA contribute to TGFβ2 induced ocular hypertension.