bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving SINR with smart RIS solutions: exploring optimal dimensions and sizes
Authors: Qeryaqos Bushra J. , Ayoob Saad A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) enhance the performance of wireless communication networks, particularly within millimeter wave (mm-Wave) bands. When a line-of-sight link is not strong enough or is fully blocked. The location of RIS has a significant impact on the RIS’s wireless channel and system performance. A wireless communication model has been proposed in a mm-Wave environment supported by RIS. The proposed model contains one transmitter and five users at the receiving end. Due to the small distance between users, there is interference between them and the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) decreases. Three RISs separated by different interspace distances were proposed to serve users at various distances from the transmitter to reduce inter-user interference. The simulation results showed that increasing the distance between the RIS site and the TX-User line served a larger number of users, and the three heights of the RIS provided a coverage range domain complementary to each other for different user sites. The improvement percentages in SINR for the second and third RIS are 48.46% and 77.38%, respectively. Enlarging the size of the RIS only increases the signal capacity and does not affect the coverage range domain of the single RIS.
Effects of Grass Cover on the Overland Soil Erosion Mechanism Under Simulated Rainfall
Authors: Zhang Mingwang , Zhang Kuandi , Cen Youdong , Wang Pengfei , Xia Junqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExisting research on soil erosion primarily focuses on the individual effects of factors such as rainfall intensity, slope gradient, grass cover, and soil characteristics, with limited exploration of the interactions among these factors. This study investigated the mechanisms of soil erosion on overland covered with vegetation in the Loess Plateau region through indoor artificial simulated rainfall experiments. The experiments included six levels of grass coverage (0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%), five grass distribution patterns (DP, CP, VP, SP, HP), five rainfall intensities (60, 80, 90, 100, 120 mm/hr) and three slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°) to explore the effects of experimental design factors and hydraulic parameters on the overland soil erosion mechanisms. The results show that as the grass coverage increases, the soil erosion rate on the overland decreases. Under different grass distribution patterns, horizontal grass distribution played an important role in inhibiting overland soil erosion rate. The overland soil erosion rate increased following a power function relationship with rising slope steepness and rainfall intensity, with erosion rates being more sensitive to changes in rainfall intensity than slope gradient. Among the six hydraulic parameters, dimensionless stream power was the optimal hydraulic parameters for predicting overland soil erosion rate under grass cover. Furthermore, an overland soil erosion model under the influence of grass cover and rainfall intensity was established based on general dimensionless hydraulic parameters (KGE = 0.931, R2 = 0.912). The model satisfactorily simulates overland soil erosion rate under grass cover and helps to reveal the mechanism of overland soil erosion.
Apatite Geo‐Thermochronology and Geochemistry Constrain Oligocene‐Miocene Growth and Geodynamics of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Guo Chao , Zhang Zhiyong , Lease Richard , Malusà Marco G. , Chew David , Lu Haijian , Wu Lin , Xiang Dunfeng , Wang Nan , Grasemann Bernhard , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the geodynamics of plateau evolution requires examining the spatial and temporal aspects of mountain building in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, which are still under debate. Here we integrate apatite geo‐thermochronological and geochemical data from the Oligocene‐Miocene succession of the Xunhua Basin to elucidate the evolution of the regional topography. The results suggest sediment provenance changes, at ca. 28, 20 and 12 Ma, indicating topographic growth of the West Qinling, Laji Shan, and Jishi Shan source areas, respectively. Our findings reveal Oligocene‐Miocene stepwise deformation and middle Miocene stress reorganization within the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. We attribute this to Oligocene lithospheric foundering beneath the south‐central Tibetan Plateau and the middle Miocene initiation of sinistral strike‐slip faults due to the underthrusting of India and North China. This study highlights the roles of lithospheric removal and continental underthrusting in plateau growth, and the value of multi‐proxy apatite analyses in provenance studies.
Orbital Scale Kuroshio Current Variations of the Northwestern Pacific Ocean in the Early Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stage 40–36) Based on Calcareous Nannofossil Records
Authors: Kuwano Daisuke , Kameo Koji , Kubota Yoshimi , Utsunomiya Masayuki , Mantoku Kanako , Okada Makoto 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Quaternary period was marked by distinct glacial‐interglacial climate cycles driven by orbital forcing, which are closely linked to marine environmental change. In the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the subtropical Kuroshio Current and subarctic Oyashio Current play crucial roles in global climate modulation. Despite their significance, paleoceanographic studies with high temporal resolutions are scarce. Here, we investigated calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the Kazusa Group to reconstruct the sea‐surface conditions around the Japanese Archipelago during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 40–36, providing an important climatic record prior to the mid‐Pleistocene transition. A time‐series analysis of nannofossil floral changes revealed orbital scale Kuroshio Current variability as well as Kuroshio Front migrations, suggesting that the Kuroshio Current variations were linked to the variability of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Moreover, orbital‐scale southward migrations of the Kuroshio Front during the glacial periods may be correlated with the displacement of the intertropical convergence zone caused by the northern hemisphere climate changes. Finally, spectral and wavelet analyses of calcareous nannofossil abundance showed a periodicity of ∼20 Kyr, indicating that these variabilities in the Kuroshio Current are predominantly controlled by high‐latitude climate forcings. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that Kuroshio Current variations are related to climatic changes from low to high latitudes during the MIS 40–36.
Reduced Penetration of Northern‐Sourced Waters Into the South Atlantic During the Last Interglacial Relative to the Holocene
Authors: Dias B. B. , Chiessi C. M. , Piotrowski A. M. , Campos M. C. , Jena P. S. , Ballalai J. M. , Nascimento R. A. , Santos T. P. , Venancio I. M. , Mashayek A. , Albuquerque A. L. S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSpecific previous interglacial periods showed millennial‐scale climate variability that influenced deep water formation and circulation. However, our understanding about the spread of deep waters formed in the North Atlantic throughout the South Atlantic during interglacial periods remains limited. To reconstruct South Atlantic deep water geometry and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) differences between the Last Interglacial (LIG) and the Holocene, we present new authigenic neodymium isotope (ℇNd) and sortable silt (SS) records from the middepth western South Atlantic. The comparison of our results to other Atlantic ℇNd records reveals notable variations in the penetration of northern‐sourced waters into the South Atlantic between these two periods. Moderate reduction of northern‐sourced waters entrainment in the western South Atlantic was observed during the onset of the LIG (ca. 128–124 ka) compared to the Holocene, with a significant decrease in the eastward spread of this water mass. This reduction may be linked to freshwater inputs into the North Atlantic, which reduced water density. Counterintuitively, when the AMOC was expected to reach its full interglacial mode at the end of the LIG (ca. 120–116 ka), more radiogenic ℇNd values and lower SS values indicated a shallow AMOC. Increased mixing with southern‐sourced waters during the LIG was likely due to decreased deep convection events at the North Atlantic high latitudes due to fresh subsurface water advection. Our findings suggest that the export and mixing ratio between northern‐ and southern‐sourced waters in the South Atlantic are determined by Northern Hemisphere climate during interglacial periods.
Controls of Climate Seasonality and Vegetation Dynamics on the Seasonal Variability of Terrestrial Water Storage Under Diverse Climate Regimes
Authors: Wu Chuanhao , Yeh Pat J.‐F. , Yao Tian , Gong Zhengjie , Niu Jie , Yuan Shanshui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTerrestrial water storage change (ΔS) is an important indicator of climate change that can monitor and predict hydrological changes. However, the interactions between ΔS and climate, vegetation, and soil factors add complexity in temporal variability of ΔS, particularly at seasonal scale. Here, we conduct a systematic assessment in the roles that seasonal variabilities of climate and vegetation modulate seasonal variability of ΔS in 769 basins covering a wide range of climate regimes and vegetation types globally. The variance decomposition method of ΔS based on the Budyko framework is used to estimate the contributions of climate factors (precipitation P and potential evapotranspiration PET) and runoff (R) to ΔS variability for different vegetation types. Results indicate that the increased climatic (P, PET) and R seasonal variabilities enhances ΔS seasonal variability under both in‐phase (IP) and out‐of‐phase (OP) seasonal relations between P and PET, with a larger contribution from P than PET and R. However, the P‐PET covariance tends to reduce (enhance) ΔS seasonal variability under the IP (OP) relation, while the P‐R covariance tends to reduce ΔS variability for both IP and OP relations. Climate seasonality influencing ΔS is regulated through vegetation dynamics, mainly via extending plant roots to access deeper soil water under water stress or by seasonally adapting water use efficiency and primary production. The growth of seasonal vegetation under the IP P‐PET relation can cope with limited soil water, while the growth of evergreen vegetation under OP P‐PET relation depends on soil water availability throughout the year.
Efficient Implementation of Tidal Forcing in Simulations of Groundwater Dynamics in Subterranean Estuaries
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Chenming , Barry David Andrew , Chen Jiansheng , Wang Yuan , Ren Jie , Li Ling 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSubmarine groundwater discharge from subterranean estuaries is affected by tides, which are represented in computational models as time‐dependent boundary conditions on the seaward boundary. Conventionally, a small time step is used in the numerical model to phase‐resolve the tidal signal so as to ensure accurate results, although at the cost of excessive computation times for long‐term simulations. This study proposes a highly efficient alternative method for modeling the tidal signal, in which a phase‐averaged pressure is assigned to the seawater boundary with a much larger time step. The assigned pressure condition is first determined from an analytical solution of the time‐independent pressure boundary condition. Along with the analytical solution, a single calibration factor is introduced at the beach face to account for the conductance at the beach. This results in good agreement between the results for phase‐averaged and phase‐resolved simulations. The new method is verified by comparison of the results for a wide range of physical cases determined using TOUGHREACT, a model for simulating coupled hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and geochemical processes. This comparison shows that the phase‐averaged results give good agreement except for a small underestimation of the mixing zone over the saltwater wedge region. These results confirm that the new boundary condition is suitable for efficient, long‐term simulations of coastal aquifers subjected to tidal forcing.
Adolescents’ informal exposure to English as a second language in the context of Galicia
Authors: Alonso Rosa Alonso , Fernández-Dobao Ana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines the effects of informal English exposure on vocabulary, grammar, and writing. A total of 178
Galician adolescent learners of English completed a placement test, a language background and an out-of-school English activities
questionnaire, and three language tasks: a grammaticality judgement test, a vocabulary test, and a writing task. Findings revealed
that the most common out-of-school activities were listening to music, watching films without subtitles, and gaming. Positive
correlations were found between learners’ performance on the language tasks and the activities of watching films without
subtitles, watching films with captions, reading, writing, and, to a smaller extent, listening to music, gaming, and speaking
online. Gender-related differences were noticed in the frequency of some out-of-school activities and the correlations with
learners’ performance on the three language tasks.
The politics of positionality and naming practices in socio-cultural relations
Authors: Weuffen Sara , Fricker Aleryk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores power/knowledge relations of nomenclature practices associated with non-Indigenous
positionality statements. Focusing on the ways in which knowledge shapes meaning and understanding, and calls for decolonising
scholarly practices, we interrogate the socio-cultural-political nexus of positionality statements to highlight some inherent
challenges that ought to be addressed in contemporary research spaces. Taking a post-structuralist discursive approach, we examine
four common self-referential non-Indigenous positioning words — settler, colonist, white, and
non-Indigenous — to discuss the linguistic implications for relationality to, and with, First Nations Peoples
and standpoints. To demonstrate the importance of understanding nuances of language, examples of positionality statements are
provided throughout, and explanations provided that highlight the potential implications for cross-cultural mean making. Our
purpose in writing on this topic is to provocate that positionality statements, when written and/or spoken with considered and
informed use, are critical to decolonising the harmful practices and assumed superiority of the western ways of thinking and
doing.
It’s your fault
Authors: Kamalova Alina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
While the problem still remains decriminalised in Russia, this study explores domestic violence victims’ storytelling in four episodes of the popular Russian talk show Pust’ Govoryat, which aired from 2017 to 2020. By drawing upon De Fina’s (2021) narratives-as-practice approach and van Leeuwen’s (2008) CDA theory, I critically examine storytelling as a discourse practice itself and situate constructed identities, norms, and values in wider dominant discourses of country’s social and political life. Corpus-assisted discourse analysis (Baker 2012) helps to analyse the representation of abusers and victims. Qualitative and quantitative analyses suggest that the show, broadcast on the main state-funded federal channel, propagates a family ideology that supports victim-blaming, normalises and depolitisises domestic violence. The research indicates that such an anti-feminist, misogynist, and patriarchal discourse becomes an integral part of the state’s anti-Western and anti-liberal ideology and resonates with the general increase in epistemological violence in today’s Russia.
Social Capital for Improved Food Security in Southern Malawi: Gender Dynamics and Changes Over Time
Authors: Craig Ailish , Hutton Craig , Musa Frank B. , Sheffield Justin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During times of low food security, many coping mechanisms may be adopted to try and alleviate hunger. One such coping mechanism is the use of social capital where food or cash is accessed through social relations and networks. Using qualitative rural rapid appraisal methods in rural southern Malawi, this study aims to understand the social capital-food security nexus while also considering gender and temporal changes. We found that during periods of food insecurity, bonding and bridging social capital are utilised; however, there have been changes over time in how they are used. Most noticeable is the conditional sharing of food within bonding social capital, decreased activity of the village savings and loans associations and a reduction of linking social capital over the past 5 years. The way men and women use social capital to access food is different, with men having bonding social capital over a larger spatial area, meanwhile, women use the village saving and loans associations. Social capital is being used for improved food security, but it varies by gender and is not always available to the most vulnerable in society. Finally, limits to using social capital for food security are evident, a significant finding given the high levels of food insecurity in Malawi.

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Effects of Silicone Oil Coating on Interfacial Space Charge Behavior in XLPE–EPDM Composite Insulation Structures
Authors: Zhao Juntao , Ren Yuanyang , Wang Yang , Lv Zepeng , Gao Jinghui , Zhou Yumei , Yu Liqin , Wu Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As one of the weakest points in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cables and accessories, the accumulation of space charges at the crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) interface coated with silicone oil is crucial to insulating properties. The physical mechanisms underlying this charge accumulation and dissipation phenomenon remain unclear, particularly at the molecular level. Thus, the interfacial space charge accumulation and dissipation behavior at EPDM/XLPE, EPDM/non-polar dimethyl silicone oil (PDMS)/XLPE, and EPDM/polar fluorinated silicone oil (PMTFS)/XLPE interfaces was measured using pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method, and molecular simulation techniques were employed to calculate the electronic properties across those interfaces. It was found that the transformation law of the interfacial charge polarity does not completely align with the Maxwell–Wagner (MW) model, which is related to the contact type of the interface (with or without silicone oil and the type of silicone oil) and the voltage polarity. The presence of a high interfacial potential barrier is an important factor behind the fact that the transformation law of the interfacial charge polarity does not align with the MW model. The high hole potential barrier (greater than 1 eV) of EPDM/XLPE and EPDM/PMTFS is the reason why the interfacial charges of EPDM/XLPE and EPDM/PMTFS/XLPE remain always positive as the applied negative voltage and temperature increases. Due to the low potential barrier of the EPDM/PDMS/XLPE interface, the polarity of the interfacial charge is always consistent with the polarity of the voltage applied to the medium with a greater conductivity. At 40°C and 60°C, EPDM/XLPE and EPDM/PMTFS/XLPE positive interface charge accumulation is significantly reduced compared to that observed at room temperature under a negative voltage, which is attributed to the enhanced charge injection and migration of XLPE with rising temperature. This study provides theoretical insights for finding an effective coating material to reduce charge accumulation at the cable accessory interface.
Optimizing sea level muon flux modelling: A 2D fit approach and integration into Geant4 generators
Authors: Frosin Catalin , Bonechi Lorenzo , Borselli Diletta , Ciulli Vitaliano , D'Alessandro Raffaello , Gonzi Sandro , Viliani Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Starting from the measurements conducted in 2004 with the ADAMO silicon spectrometer, we have performed a 2D fit procedure to diverse combinations of muon flux datasets documented in the literature. The fit employed three different formulas describing the energy and angular distribution of atmospheric muons at the Earth’s surface. The analysis revealed that not all measurements exhibit&#xD;complete compatibility. However, we have identified a formula capable of furnishing comprehensive spectrum coverage utilizing a singular set of parameters. Despite inherent limitations, we have achieved a satisfactory agreement with the Guan parameterization. Subsequently, we have integrated this optimized parameterization into the EcoMug library and a Geant4-based muon generator. The model’s predictive capabilities have been validated by comparing it with experimental flux measurements and against other measurements in the literature. Through this process, we have shown and tested the reliability and accuracy of different muon flux modelling, facilitating advancements in domains reliant on the precise characterization of atmospheric muon&#xD;phenomena.
Recent progress in two-dimensional material/group-III nitride hetero-structures and devices
Authors: Lin Tingting , Zeng Yi , Liao Xinyu , Li Jing , Zhou Changjian , Wang Wenliang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) material (graphene, MoS2, MXene, etc.) /group-III nitride (GaN, AlN, and their compounds) hetero-structures have been given special attention, on account of their prospective applications in remarkable performance broadband photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, etc. The utilization of advantages of the above two kind materials provides a solution to the dilemma of the degradation of device performance and reliability caused by carrier mobility, lattice mismatch, interface, etc. Therefore, the summary of progress of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures and devices is urgent. In this work, it elaborates on interface interaction and stimulation, growth and device of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures. Initially, it investigates the properties of the hetero-structures, combining the theoretical calculations on interface interaction of the heterojunction with experimental study, particularly emphasizing on interface effects on the hetero-structures performance. Subsequently, the growth of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures are introduced in detail. The problems solved by the advancing synthesis strategies and the formation mechanisms are discussed in particular. Afterwards, based on the 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures, devices extending from optoelectronics, electronics, to photocatalyst and sensors, etc., are reviewed. Finally, the prospect of 2D material/group-III nitride hetero-structures and devices is speculated to pave the way for the further promotion.