bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical Trade Reform: From Industrial to Ecological Civilization
Authors: Huang Yi , Tian Shuying 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAll theories of international trade that are based on the paradigm of industrial civilization are becoming obsolete. The premises behind the principle of comparative advantage, which developed in the historical context of the early 19th century, are disappearing. Uncertainties about the future of fossil fuels, conflicts between rich and poor, global ecological fragility, and many other symptoms of system failure have revealed the flaws of industrial civilization and international trade. We examine the history of trade theory within the framework of industrial civilization. We then propose the transition to an ecological civilization, which will restore the diversity of cultures by moving away from the homogeneous world culture that globalization has begun to create. Under the conditions of ecological civilization, international trade will serve the human need to exchange the surplus of each society and to communicate with other cultures. It will cease to be a system of debt and dependence that threatens the sovereignty of most nations today.
Diagnostic accuracy of repeat placental growth factor measurements in women with suspected preeclampsia: A case series study
Authors: Duhig Kate E. , Webster Louise M. , Sharp Andrew , Gill Carolyn , Seed Paul T. , Shennan Andrew H. , Myers Jenny E. , Chappell Lucy C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionPreeclampsia affects about 3% of singleton pregnancies and is characterized by placental dysfunction. It is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of preeclampsia remains a challenge, and the clinical course can develop for weeks before a diagnosis is confirmed. National guidelines have approved placental growth factor (PlGF) testing to rule out suspected preeclampsia, but the utility of repeated PlGF measurement is unknown. The aim of this case series analysis was to evaluate the test performance of repeated PlGF sampling in women presenting with suspected preeclampsia, and to describe relevant clinical outcomes.Material and methodsWomen who presented to maternity services with suspected preeclampsia between 20+0 and 36+6 weeks’ gestation who underwent repeat PlGF sampling with a minimum test interval of 7 days were assessed. The outcomes were delivery for preeclampsia within 14 days of sampling, the proportion changing PlGF categories, and time to delivery.ResultsIn total, 289 women with suspected preeclampsia undergoing repeat PlGF sampling were included. PlGF <100 pg/mL had a high sensitivity (87.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 67.6%‐97.3%) and a negative predictive value (97.7%, 95% CI 93.5%‐99.5%) at the initial test (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] area 0.79, 95% CI 0.68‐0.89). Similar test performance was seen for PlGF <100 pg/mL when undertaken as a repeat test (sensitivity 90.7%, 95% CI 85.2%‐95.9%, negative predictive value 92.2%, 95% CI 85.3‐96.6%). Overall, 25.6% of women changed PlGF category between the first and second PlGF tests. For each PlGF category, determination of time to delivery was similar for first and second tests.ConclusionsRepeat PlGF measurement demonstrates high negative predictive value for determining preeclampsia requiring delivery in 14 days. Repeat testing may be clinically useful to risk stratify women with ongoing symptoms of disease. Confirmation of the impact of these findings is required in further studies.
Spleen size improvement in advanced heart failure patients using a left ventricular assist device
Authors: Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Okumura Takahiro , Sawamura Akinori , Kondo Toru , Kazama Shingo , Kimura Yuki , Shibata Naoki , Arao Yoshihito , Oishi Hideo , Kato Hiroo , Kuwayama Tasuku , Yamaguchi Shogo , Furusawa Kenji , Morimoto Ryota , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe spleen has been recognized as an important organ that holds a reserve of 20% to 30% of the total blood volume. Spleen contraction and splenic volume reduction occur in patients with hypovolemic shock. However, the change in the spleen volume and the association between spleen size and hemodynamic parameters remain unclear in patients with advanced heart failure (HF) who need left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. This study was performed to investigate the change in spleen size and the relationship between spleen size and hemodynamic parameters before and after LVAD implantation in patients with advanced HF. We enrolled 20 patients with advanced HF on LVAD support. All patients underwent right heart catheterization and computed tomography before and after LVAD implantation. The spleen size was measured by computed tomography volumetry. We excluded patients with a mean right atrial pressure (RAP) of <5 mm Hg because of the possibility of hypovolemia and those with a cardiac index of >2.2 L/min/m2 before LVAD implantation. The splenic volume significantly increased from 160.6 ± 46.9 mL before LVAD implantation to 224.6 ± 73.5 mL after LVAD implantation (P < .001). Before LVAD implantation, there was a significant negative correlation between spleen volume and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). After LVAD implantation, however, there were significant correlations between spleen volume and the cardiac index, RAP, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure despite the absence of a significant correlation between spleen volume and SVR. Furthermore, one patient developed reworsening HF because of LVAD failure due to pump thrombosis. In this case, the splenic volume was 212 mL before LVAD implantation and increased to 418 mL after LVAD implantation, although it decreased to 227 mL after LVAD failure. The spleen size may change depending on hemodynamics in patients with advanced HF with LVAD support, reflecting sympathetic nerve activity and the systemic volume status.
Randomised trial showed no difference in behavioural symptoms between surgical methods treating paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Sjölander Isabella , Borgström Anna , Larsson Jan‐Olov , Smedje Hans , Friberg Danielle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimOur previous randomised controlled trial of children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) showed no significant differences between adenotonsillectomy (ATE) and adenotonsillotomy (ATT) in improving nocturnal respiration and quality of life after 1 year. The aim of this report was to evaluate the effects on behavioural symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).MethodsChildren between 2 and 6 years with OSA were randomised to ATT or ATE. Parents, blinded to method, answered the SDQ while their child underwent polysomnography before and 1 year after surgery. Differences between the total SDQ scores were analysed between the treatment groups.ResultsThe SDQ was filled out in 87% of the cases preoperatively, and in 86% postoperatively. At follow‐up, the mean total SDQ score was 9.6 SD ± 5.1 in the ATE group (n = 31), and 8.2 ± 6.7 in the ATT group (n = 37), P = .09. The mean total SDQ score for all was preoperatively 10.6 ± 5.0, and postoperatively 8.8 ± 6.0, P = .0002.ConclusionThere were no significant differences in SDQ scores between the groups at follow‐up, indicating that the more conservative ATT is a treatment option in paediatric OSA. The whole group of patients showed a significant improvement after surgery.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the rectum resected by transanal total mesorectal excision after neoadjuvant imatinib treatment: A case report
Authors: Yano Takuya , Nakahara Masahiro , Okuda Hiroshi , Nishidate Toshihiko , Takemasa Ichiro , Fujimori Masahiko , Nakatsuka Hirofumi , Amano Hironobu , Ohdan Hideki , Noriyuki Toshio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis report describes the combination of a transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) and neoadjuvant therapy with Imatinib mesylate (IM) for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the lower rectum. A 49‐year‐old man presented with a submucosal tumor with ulcer located 3 cm above the anal verge. Histopathologically, a biopsy showed spindle‐shape cells, positive for C‐kit and CD34, negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin and S‐100 protein. Genetically, this GIST had the mutation in KIT exon 11. IM (400 mg/d) was administered as neoadjuvant therapy for 80 days. The GIST shrank from 4.7 to 3.3 cm in diameter. Abdominal and transanal approach were started at the same time. The tumor was resected by TaTME successfully. The manometric pressure data and anal function were preserved before and after surgery. TaTME and neoadjuvant therapy with IM provide a treatment option which can preserve anal function for the lower rectal GIST.
Primary analysis of JUMP, a phase 3b, expanded‐access study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with myelofibrosis, including those with low platelet counts
Authors: Al‐Ali Haifa Kathrin , Griesshammer Martin , Foltz Lynda , Palumbo Giuseppe A. , Martino Bruno , Palandri Francesca , Liberati Anna Marina , le Coutre Philipp , García‐Hernández Carmen , Zaritskey Andrey , Tavares Renato , Gupta Vikas , Raanani Pia , Giraldo Pilar , Hänel Mathias , Damiani Daniela , Sacha Tomasz , Bouard Catherine , Paley Carole , Tiwari Ranjan , Mannelli Francesco , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryRuxolitinib is a potent Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis (MF). Ruxolitinib was assessed in JUMP, a large (N = 2233), phase 3b, expanded‐access study in MF in countries without access to ruxolitinib outside a clinical trial, which included patients with low platelet counts (<100 × 109/l) and patients without splenomegaly – populations that have not been extensively studied. The most common adverse events (AEs) were anaemia and thrombocytopenia, but they rarely led to discontinuation (overall, 5·4%; low‐platelet cohort, 12·3%). As expected, rates of worsening thrombocytopenia were higher in the low‐platelet cohort (all grades, 73·2% vs. 53·5% overall); rates of anaemia were similar (all grades, 52·9% vs. 59·5%). Non‐haematologic AEs, including infections, were mainly grade 1/2. Overall, ruxolitinib led to meaningful reductions in spleen length and symptoms, including in patients with low platelet counts, and symptom improvements in patients without splenomegaly. In this trial, the largest study of ruxolitinib in patients with MF to date, the safety profile was consistent with previous reports, with no new safety concerns identified. This study confirms findings from the COMFORT studies and supports the use of ruxolitinib in patients with platelet counts of 50–100 × 109/l. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01493414).
Pharmacological and genetic characterisation of the canine P2X4 receptor
Authors: Sophocleous Reece A. , Berg Tracey , Finol‐Urdaneta Rocio K. , Sluyter Vanessa , Keshiya Shikara , Bell Lachlan , Curtis Stephen J. , Curtis Belinda L. , Seavers Aine , Bartlett Rachael , Dowton Mark , Stokes Leanne , Ooi Lezanne , Sluyter Ronald 
Published: February 2020

Background and PurposeP2X4 receptors are emerging therapeutic targets for treating chronic pain and cardiovascular disease. Dogs are well‐recognised natural models of human disease, but information regarding P2X4 receptors in dogs is lacking. To aid the development and validation of P2X4 receptor ligands, we have characterised and compared canine and human P2X4 receptors.Experimental ApproachGenomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples from 101 randomly selected dogs and sequenced across the P2RX4 gene to identify potential missense variants. Recombinant canine and human P2X4 receptors tagged with Emerald GFP were expressed in 1321N1 and HEK293 cells and analysed by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. In these cells, receptor pharmacology was characterised using nucleotide‐induced Fura‐2 AM measurements of intracellular Ca2+ and known P2X4 receptor antagonists. P2X4 receptor‐mediated inward currents in HEK293 cells were assessed by automated patch clamp.Key ResultsNo P2RX4 missense variants were identified in any canine samples. Canine and human P2X4 receptors were localised primarily to lysosomal compartments. ATP was the primary agonist of canine P2X4 receptors with near identical efficacy and potency at human receptors. 2′(3′)‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)‐ATP, but not ADP, was a partial agonist with reduced potency for canine P2X4 receptors compared to the human orthologues. Five antagonists inhibited canine P2X4 receptors, with 1‐(2,6‐dibromo‐4‐isopropyl‐phenyl)‐3‐(3‐pyridyl)urea displaying reduced sensitivity and potency at canine P2X4 receptors.Conclusion and ImplicationsP2X4 receptors are highly conserved across dog pedigrees and display expression patterns and pharmacological profiles similar to human receptors, supporting validation and use of therapeutic agents for P2X4 receptor‐related disease onset and management in dogs and humans.
Exploring drivers of demand for child protection services in an English local authority
Authors: Hood Rick , Gorin Sarah , Goldacre Allie , Muleya Wilson , Bywaters Paul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper reports on an empirical study of child protection services in a local authority where rates of investigations and interventions rose to unprecedented levels during the course of a single year. The aim of the research was to explore explanations for this rise in demand among the providers of children's social care in the area. Using an interpretative qualitative design, a series of focus groups and interviews were carried out with practitioners and managers (n = 25) from statutory services and Early Help. The findings identified a combination of long‐term and short‐term drivers of demand. Long‐term factors emphasized the impact of rising levels of deprivation combined with cuts to community‐based services for children and young people. Short‐term factors ranged from a more proactive approach to child neglect to more effective multi‐agency partnerships and joint decision making. The interaction between these factors was found to be accentuating an underlying shift to “late intervention” across the sector. The findings are contextualized in relation to contemporary debates about the crisis of demand for children's social care and the complex relationship between prevention and protection.
Global reforestation and biodiversity conservation
Authors: Kemppinen Krista M.S. , Collins Pamela M. , Hole David G. , Wolf Christopher , Ripple William J. , Gerber Leah R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe loss of forest is a leading cause of species extinction, and reforestation is 1 of 2 established interventions for reversing this loss. However, the role of reforestation for biodiversity conservation remains debated, and lacking is an assessment of the potential contribution that reforestation could make to biodiversity conservation globally. We conducted a spatial analysis of overlap between 1,550 forest‐obligate threatened species’ ranges and land that could be reforested after accounting for socioeconomic and ecological constraints. Reforestation on at least 43% (∼369 million ha) of reforestable area was predicted to potentially benefit threatened vertebrates. This is approximately 15% of the total area where threatened vertebrates occur. The greatest opportunities for conserving threatened vertebrate species are in the tropics, particularly Brazil and Indonesia. Although reforestation is not a substitute for forest conservation, and most of the area containing threatened vertebrates remains forested, our results highlight the need for global conservation strategies to recognize the potentially significant contribution that reforestation could make to biodiversity conservation. If implemented, reforestation of ∼369 million ha would also contribute substantially to climate‐change mitigation, offering a way to achieve multiple sustainability commitments at once. Countries must now work to overcome key barriers (e.g., unclear revenue streams, high transaction costs) to investment in reforestation.
Routine comprehensive Aspergillus screening of bronchoalveolar lavage samples in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Unterman Avraham , Izhakian Shimon , Geffen Yuval , Rosengarten Dror , Shtraichman Osnat , Pertzov Barak , Vainshelboim Baruch , Alon Hagar , Raviv Yael , Kramer Mordechai R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundInvasive aspergillosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Early diagnosis may improve outcome, yet is challenging. We assessed the diagnostic yield of a routine, comprehensive, prospectively employed Aspergillus screening strategy in LTRs.MethodsDuring a 6‐month period, all bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples (including post‐transplant surveillance) obtained from LTRs at our center were routinely tested for Aspergillus PCR, galactomannan (GM), and fungal culture. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) was defined using EORTC/MSG and ISHLT criteria for proven and probable aspergillosis.ResultsNinety‐five consecutive BAL samples were tested. PCR, GM, and fungal culture were positive in 28.4%, 30.6%, and 7.4%, respectively. Five cases of IA (two proven, three probable) were identified. Fungal culture failed to detect 40% of IA cases, which were detected by a positive PCR and/or GM. However, the majority of positive PCR samples represented colonization (59.3%). Sensitivity of PCR, GM, and culture for IA was 80%, 60%, and 60%, respectively, and specificity was 74%, 71%, and 96%.ConclusionsIn LTRs, a routine prospectively employed screening strategy in which all BAL samples were screened for Aspergillus PCR and GM, detected aspergillosis cases that were otherwise missed by a false‐negative fungal culture, but resulted in more cases of colonization being detected. Clinical judgment is thus warranted to avoid unnecessary treatment of colonization.
Trends in diabetes self‐management education: where are we coming from and where are we going? A narrative review
Authors: Hermanns N. , Ehrmann D. , Finke‐Groene K. , Kulzer B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo summarize the history, development and efficacy of diabetes self‐management education on glycaemic control and mental health in adults and children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes. A further aim was to review the status of implementation of diabetes self‐management education into routine care and outline current gaps in implementation and research.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Google scholar for German‐ and English‐language articles regarding diabetes self‐management education, glycaemic control and mental health, and restricted this search to meta‐analyses.ResultsDiabetes education has evolved from a compliance‐ and knowledge‐oriented approach to an empowerment‐ and self‐management‐oriented approach. Diabetes self‐management education seems to have a greater impact on glycaemic outcomes than on mental health outcomes, but the latter are rarely assessed. Technological development and digitalization can provide chances and challenges for diabetes self‐management education. Digital solutions show promising results and great potential for improving the efficacy of diabetes self‐management education further and providing ongoing support. The implementation of diabetes self‐management education into routine clinical care frequently remains a challenge.ConclusionDiabetes self‐management education has been acknowledged as an essential part of diabetes therapy; however, current gaps regarding the efficacy of diabetes self‐management education on mental health, and the need for education on the use of diabetes technology, are future avenues for research.
Fatigue‐life prediction of additively manufactured material: Effects of heat treatment and build orientation
Authors: Yadollahi Aref , Mahmoudi Mohamad , Elwany Alaa , Doude Haley , Bian Linkan , Newman James C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the crack‐growth approach is used to predict the fatigue life of 17‐4 precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel (SS) fabricated via an additive manufacturing (AM) system in different orientations (ie, vertical and horizontal) before and after heat treatment. To perform fatigue‐life calculations, the effective stress intensity factor as a function of crack‐growth rate was obtained from testing modified compact specimens with different crack orientations in as‐built and heat‐treated conditions. The plasticity‐induced crack closure model, FASTRAN, was used to calculate fatigue lives based on the size of process‐induced defects. Results indicated that in the presence of large voids (ie, lack‐of‐fusion defects), the total fatigue life of AM 17‐4 PH SS in as‐built and heat‐treated conditions is dominated by crack growth. Effect of build orientation on fatigue life of AM 17‐4 PH SS was also captured based on the size of defects projected on a plane perpendicular to the loading direction.
Invasive species and biotic homogenization in temperate aquatic plant communities
Authors: Muthukrishnan Ranjan , Larkin Daniel J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimBiotic homogenization (BH), a reduction in the distinctness of species composition between geographically separated ecological communities in a region, is an important but underappreciated potential consequence of biological invasions. While BH theory has always considered invasions, it has generally been in a relatively narrow context that the cosmopolitan nature of invasive species increases BH because of their shared presence across many locations. We sought to evaluate this component of BH as well as broader effects of invasive species on BH through changes in native communities, including overall reductions in species richness or shifts in species composition.LocationMinnesota, USA.Time period2002–2014.Major taxa studiedAquatic macrophytes, including both vascular plants and attached macroalgae.MethodsWe used surveys of aquatic macrophyte communities from 1,102 shallow lakes in Minnesota, USA (including 248 lakes with repeated surveys) to evaluate relationships between invasion, native species and BH.ResultsWe found that the presence of invasive species was associated with BH and that this pattern was reflected in both the total community (i.e., with invasive species included) and in the composition of the native species community alone. We found that invaded lakes were more compositionally similar to each other than uninvaded lakes, but that both groups were becoming more similar over time—despite neither group exhibiting declines in species richness. This pattern was largely driven by shifts in the native community itself, with common species becoming more widespread and rare species becoming rarer.Main conclusionsInvasive species increase measures of community similarity through their own presence in multiple locations, and also by influencing the composition of native species. These patterns have important implications for conservation and management and suggest that BH should be considered more widely in evaluating the impacts of biological invasions and developing response strategies.