bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitude of dentists, dental auxiliaries, and students regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Suliman Yousif Shahin  , Bugshan Amr Said , Khalid Salman Almulhim  , Mishali Saud AlSharief  , Yousif Al Dulaijan  , Faisal Dhaifallah Alqarni  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of dental professionals in Saudi Arabia regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods: A questionnaire was developed to assess various dental professionals from both governmental and private sectors through online and social media outlets. Results: A total of 1,033 responses were collected. Moreover, 63.4% of respondents (63.4%) were working in hospitals. Of all respondents, 44.9%, 33.4%, and 21.7% were in governmental clinics, academia, and private sector, respectively. Overall knowledge on incubation period and route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was satisfactory across all dental professions. All dental professionals except for dental assistants demonstrated adequate knowledge on the recommended hand-soap cleaning time (p < 0.001). Most dental professionals displayed unsatisfactory knowledge and disagreement on the survival of SARS-CoV-2 outside the host (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 75.1% of respondents were reluctant to treat a suspected COVID-19 patient, and 92% participants believed that the mode of transmission was droplet inhalation. Fever, coughing, and shortness of breath were identified as the most common symptoms of COVID-19. Most standard methods of prevention in the dental office were selected by at least 50% of participants. Conclusions: An appropriate level of knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 incubation period and signs and symptoms of COVID-19 was noted among all dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. Perceived survival outside the host was modest. A certain level of apprehension toward suspected SARS-CoV-2 patients existed among most professionals. Pandemic-awareness campaigns are essential among healthcare providers.
Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients: mid-term follow up by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Ruili , Jiang Hong , Yan Zixu , Tao Xinyan , Li Hongjun , Xu Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces myocardial injury, either direct myocarditis or indirect injury due to systemic inflammatory response. Myocardial involvement has been proved to be one of the primary manifestations of COVID-19 infection, according to laboratory test, autopsy, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). However, the middle-term outcome of cardiac involvement after the patients were discharged from the hospital is yet unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate mid-term cardiac sequelae in recovered COVID-19 patients by CMRIMethods: A total of 47 recovered COVID-19 patients were prospectively recruited and underwent CMRI examination in this study. The CMRI protocol consisted of black blood fat-suppressed T2 weighted imaging (BB-T2WI), T2 star mapping, left ventricle cine imaging, pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Myocardium edema and LGE were assessed in recovered COVID-19 patients. The left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) function and LV mass were assessed and compared with normal controls.Results: Finally, 44 recovered COVID-19 patients and 31 normal controls were included in this study. No edema was observed in any patient. LGE was found in 13 patients. All LGE lesions were located in the middle myocardium and/or sub-epicardium with a scattered distribution. Further analysis showed that LGE-positive patients had significantly decreased left ventricle peak global circumferential strain (LVpGCS), right ventricle peak global circumferential strain (RVpGCS), right ventricle peak global longitudinal strain (RVpGLS) as compared to non-LGE patients (p＜0.05), while no difference was detected between the non-LGE patients and normal controls.Conclusion: Myocardium injury existed in about 30% of COVID-19 patients. These patients had peak right ventricle strain that decreased at the 3-month follow-up. Cardiac MRI can monitor the COVID-19-induced myocarditis progression, and CMR strain analysis is a sensitive tool to evaluate the recovery of left ventricle circumferential contraction dysfunction and right ventricular dysfunction.
PTPRZ1 Inhibits the Cisplatin Resistance of Ovarian Cancer by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signal Pathway
Authors: Wang Peng , Hu Yuanjing , Qu Pengpeng , Zhao Ying , Liu Jing , Zhao Jianguo , Kong Beihua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cisplatin resistance (DDP resistance) is a major cause for poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. PTPRZ1 has been proven to participate in the occurrence and development of multiple tumors, including tumor resistance. This study was designed to investigate the roles of PTPRZ1 in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells and their possible mechanism.Methods: PTPRZ1 expression in ovarian cancer tissues and normal tissues was analyzed by GEPIA database and verified by qRT-PCR. PTPRZ1 expression in normal ovarian cancer cells and DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells was also analyzed. Subsequently, qRT-PCR, western blot, MTT experiment and flow cytometry were used to assess the effects of PTPRZ1-PI3K/AKT/mTOR regulating axis on cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer.Results: PTPRZ1 expression was abnormally low in ovarian cancer tissues, and notably reduced in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells. MTT experiment and flow cytometer indicated that overexpression of PTPRZ1 enhanced the cisplatin sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells and promoted the cell apoptosis. The results of mechanism research showed that PTPRZ1 exerted its biological effects possibly through blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.Conclusion: PTPRZ1 suppresses the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer and induces the cytotoxicity by blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Structural insights into spike protein and its natural variants of SARS-CoV-2 found on Mexican population.
Authors: Sixto-López Yudibeth , Bello Martiniano , Correa-Basurto José , Garzón-Tiznado Jose Antonio , Montaño Sarita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a newly emerged coronavirus responsible for COVID-19; it becomes a pandemic since March 2020. To date, there are described three lineages of SARS-CoV-2 circulating worldwide, in Mexican population are found two of them, within this, we observed three variants of Spike (S) protein located at H49Y, D614G, and T573I. In order to understand if these mutations could affect the structural behavior of S protein of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the binding with three experimental describe inhibitors (Cepharanthine, Nelfinavir, and Hydroxychloroquine), molecular dynamic simulation and molecular docking were employed. It was found that in spite, these punctual mutations affect considerably the structural behavior of the S Protein, which also affect the binding of the inhibitors into their respective binding site. Thus, further experimental studies need to be done in order to explore if these affectations have an impact on drug-S protein binding and the possible clinical effect.
Development of a prediction model based on LASSO regression to evaluate the risk of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in Chinese breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Meng Lei , Zheng Ting , Wang Yuanyuan , Xiao Qi , He Junfeng , Li Zhao , Tan Jinxiang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to investigate the correlative factors influencing non-sentinel lymph node (NSLN) metastasis in Chinese breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) and to develop an intraoperative prediction model based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm to evaluate the risk of NSLN metastasis.Methods: The factors affecting NSLN status were investigated in a cohort of 714 patients with 1-2 positive SLNs treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2013 and December 2018. A new mathematical prediction model based on the LASSO algorithm was developed and was validated in a cohort of 131 patients treated between January 2019 and December 2019.Results: In the training cohort, 266/714 (37.3%) patients had NSLN metastasis. In univariate analysis, the histologic grade (P =0.010), number of positive SLNs (P<0.001), number of negative SLNs (P<0.001), number of SLNs dissected (P<0.001), SLN metastasis ratio (P <0.001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status (P <0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) status (P =0.011), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status (P =0.005), molecular subtype (P =0.001), and risk score (P <0.001) were related with NSLN involvement. In multivariate analysis, the histologic grade (P =0.026), LVI status (P =0.005), number of positive SLNs (P=0.001), number of negative SLNs (P=0.005), SLN metastasis ratio (P =0.005), and molecular subtype (P=0.007) were identified as the independent predictors of NSLN metastasis. A LASSO regression-based mathematical prediction model was developed and had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.764 (95% CI: 0.729-0.798). In the 131-patient validation cohort, the AUC was 0.777 (95% CI: 0.692-0.862).Conclusions: We present a new prediction model to assess the risk of NSLN metastasis in Chinese breast cancer patients with 1-2 positive SLNs. The model was further validated in the validation cohort and showed excellent clinical applicability and diagnostic performance. It can be used as an intraoperative clinical tool for clinicians to predict the risk of NSLN metastasis and make the final decision regarding axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).
Novel mechanism for OSM-promoted extracellular matrix remodeling in breast cancer: LOXL2 upregulation and subsequent ECM alignment
Authors: Dinca Simion C. , Greiner Daniel , Weidenfeld Keren , Bond Laura , Barkan Dalit , Jorcyk Cheryl L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a serious problem for patients as it metastasizes, decreasing 5-year patient survival from >95% to ~27%. The breast tumor microenvironment (TME) is often saturated with proinflammatory cytokines, such as oncostatin M (OSM), which promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in IDC and increased metastasis. The extracellular matrix (ECM) also plays an important role in promoting invasive and metastatic potential of IDC. Specifically, the reorganization and alignment of collagen fibers in stromal ECM leads to directed tumor cell motility, which promotes metastasis. Lysyl oxidase like-2 (LOXL2) catalyzes ECM remodeling by crosslinking of collagen I in the ECM. We propose a novel mechanism whereby OSM induces LOXL2 expression, mediating stromal ECM remodeling of the breast TME.Methods: Bioinformatics was utilized to determine survival and gene correlation in patients. IDC cell lines were treated with OSM (also IL-6, LIF, and IL-1β) and analyzed for LOXL2 expression by qRT-PCR and immunolabelling techniques. Collagen I contraction assays and confocal microscopy were performed with and without LOXL2 inhibition to determine the impact of OSM-induced LOXL2 on the ECM. Alignment was analyzed using CurveAlign4.0.Results: Our studies demonstrate that IDC patients with high LOXL2 and OSM co-expression had worse rates of metastasis-free survival than those with high levels of either, individually, and LOXL2 expression is positively correlated to OSM/ OSM receptor (OSMR) expression in IDC patients. Furthermore, human IDC cells treated with OSM resulted in a significant increase in LOXL2 mRNA, which led to upregulated protein expression of secreted, glycosylated, and enzymatically active LOXL2. The expression of LOXL2 in IDC cells did not affect OSM-promoted EMT, and LOXL2 was localized to the cytoplasm and/or secreted. OSM-induced LOXL2 promoted an increase in ECM collagen I fiber crosslinking, which led to significant fiber alignment between cells. Conclusions: Aligned collagen fibers in the ECM provide pathways for tumor cells to migrate more easily through the stroma to nearby vasculature and tissue. Taken together, these results provide a new paradigm through which proinflammatory cytokine OSM promotes tumor progression. Understanding the nuances in IDC metastasis will lead to better potential therapeutics to combat against the possibility.
Modeling the Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Iraji Zeynab , Dolatkhah Roya , Koshki Tohid Jafari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) was the fifth leading cause of death worldwide in 2015 and the second leading cause of death in Iran in 2012. This study aimed to model the factors associated with mortality in patients with BC utilizing the machine learning approach.Methods: We used data of patients with primary BC during 2007-2016 in Tabriz, Iran. The data were analyzed using decision tree (DT), boosted tree (BT), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and generalized additive model (GAM) with inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) technique to assess the risk factors of mortality. The models were compared by using diagnostic accuracy measures.Results: Accuracy of the models ranged from 76.0 to 93.0%, with sensitivity of 82.5-98.8% and specificity of 72.2-99.4%. The GAM fit the data best with accuracy of 93.0% (95% CI: [90.5, 95.0]), sensitivity of 98.8% (95% CI: [96.9, 99.7]) and specificity of 84.3% (95% CI: [78.8, 88.9]) where non-linear effect of age (p-value = 0.006), grade (p-value = 0.024) and time to event (p-value < 0.001) on mortality were significant. Conclusion: The GAM seems to be an optimal model for classifying the mortality in patients with BC. Considering the time to event, age and grade, as the prognostic factors obtained by GAM, more accurate prevention planning may be designed.
Tumor Co-Expression of Progranulin and Sortilin Identifies a Highly Malignant Subgroup of Breast Cancer
Authors: Berger Karoline , Rhost Sara , Rafnsdóttir Svanheiður , Hughes Éamon , Magnusson Ylva , Ekholm Maria , Stål Olle , Rydén Lisa , Landberg Göran 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe growth factor progranulin has been implicated in numerous biological processes such as wound healing, inflammation and progressive tumorigenesis. Both progranulin and its receptor sortilin are known to be highly expressed in subgroups of breast cancer and have been associated with various clinical properties including tamoxifen resistance. Recent data further suggest that progranulin via its receptor sortilin can drive breast cancer stem cell propagation as well as increased metastasis formation in an in vivo breast cancer xenograft model. In this retrospective biomarker analysis, we aimed to determine whether tumor co-expression of progranulin and sortilin has prognostic and treatment predictive values for breast cancer patients.Patients and MethodsWe explored how co-expression of progranulin and sortilin was associated with established clinical markers by analyzing a tissue microarray including 560 randomized premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving either two years of tamoxifen treatment or no adjuvant treatment, with a median follow-up time of 28 years. Breast cancer-specific survival were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox Proportional Hazards regression models to assess the prognostic and predictive value of progranulin and sortilin in relation to known clinical markers.ResultsCo-expression of progranulin and sortilin was observed in 20% of the breast cancer samples. In untreated patients, prognostic considerations could be detailed separately from treatment prediction and the high progranulin and sortilin expressing subgroup was significantly associated with breast cancer-specific death in multivariable analyses (HR=2.188, CI: 1.317-3.637, p=0.003) along with tumor size, high tumor grade and lymph node positivity. When comparing the untreated patients with tamoxifen treated patients in the ERα positive subgroup, co-expression of progranulin and sortilin was not linked to tamoxifen resistance. ConclusionData suggests that co-expression of progranulin and its receptor sortilin is a novel prognostic biomarker combination identifying a highly malignant subgroup of breast cancer. Importantly, this subpopulation could potentially be targeted with anti-sortilin based therapies.
Eskatologi Dalam Padangan Hassan Hanafi dan Fazlurrahman (Studi Komparatif Epistemologi Ilmu Kalam)
Authors: Nurhidayanti Nurhidayanti 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The epistemology of the science of kalam of eschatology has become a part of the attention of some of the figures because it includes several branches of science. Such epistemology philosophy, The science of kalam or theology and tasawwuf. In this article, the discussion of eschatology reviewed in the science of kalam the vehicle between the two Islamic thinkers namely Hassan Hanafi and Fazlurrahman. Both offer methodology in assessing the theology which is not only limited to the concept of the formation of dogmas religious but looked at more broadly, see the social conditions as a way to re-educate, sensitize and promote the community. Among the discussion of the theology of the most important is about eschatology where the future of religion. Both figures, making the historical method in the study the concept of eschatology in Islam. The discussion of the eschatology of course discuss the world and the hereafter, but in this paper only focuses on the view between the two regarding the nature barzah, heaven, and hell.
Keywords: Eskatologi, Hassan Hanafi, Fazlur rahman.

Abstrak
Epistemologi ilmu kalam mengenai eskatologi telah menjadi bagian perhatian beberapa tokoh karena mencakup beberapa cabang ilmu pengetahuan. Diantaranya epistemologi filsafat, ilmu kalamatau teologi dan tasawwuf. Dalam artikel ini pembahasan mengenai eskatologi ditinjau dalam ilmu kalam yang mengkomparasikan antara dua pemikir Islam yaitu Hassan Hanafi dan Fazlurrahman. Keduanya menawarkan metodologi dalam mengkaji teologi yang tidak hanya terbatas pada konsep pembentukan dogma-dogma keagamaan akan tetapi memandang lebih luas, melihat kondisi sosial sebagai jalan untuk memahamkan, menyadarkan dan memajukan masyarakat. Diantara pembahasan teologi yang terpenting adalah mengenai eskatologi diamana masa depan sebuah ajaran agama. Kedua tokoh tersebut, menjadikan metode sejarah dalam mengkaji konsep eskatologi dalam Islam. Pembahasan eskatologi tentunya membahas mengenai dunia dan akhirat, namun dalam tulisan ini hanya fokus pandangan antara keduanya mengenai alam barzah, surga dan neraka.
Kata Kunci: Eskatologi, Hassan Hanafi, Fazlurrahman.
Reconstruction of Dakwah Verses
Authors: Rasidin Mhd. , Witro Doli , Purwaningsih Rahma Fitria 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Da’wah is an activity of inviting others to strengthen the faith of Muslims. The Prophet Muhammad has given examples of how Dakwah should be done. People who accept the materials of Dakwah depend on the way of ulama’s deliver the messages. Then, ulama’ will encounter problems whether people accept or reject what they said. The adherents of radicalism in Islam believe that the teaching of Islam should be presented in many ways, including coercion and violence. This understanding is based on how they interpret some verses in the Quran about dakwah. This paper will try to reconstruct some verses and how the dakwah should be conducted inclusively by describing the ethics of dawah. So, the image of dakwah is not only about the propagation of the Islamic Religion to convert non-muslim to Islam, but also strengthening and deepening the faith of Muslims and helping them lead their daily lives in conformity with Islamic principles.
Keywords: Da’wah, Radicalism, Al-Qur’an.
Abstrak
Dakwah adalah aktivitas untuk mengundang orang lain dalam upaya menguatkan keimanan. Nabi Muhammad telah memberikan contoh bagaimana seharusnya dakwah dilakukan. Masyarakat menerima dakwah tergantung pada bagaimana ulama menyampaikan pesan-pesannya. Dimana kemudian, seringkali para ulama tersebut menghadapi berbagai persoalan apakah pesan tersebut diterima atau justru ditolak oleh masyarakat. Pada titik ini, para penganut radikalisme percaya bahwa ajaran Islam harus disampaikan secara tegas, bahkan jika harus dengan pemaksaan dan kekerasan. Pemahaman ini hadir berdasarkan pemahaman mereka terhadap ayat-ayat AlQuran. Artikel ini berupaya untuk merekonstruksi beberapa ayat AlQuran tentang bagaimana dakwah seharusnya dilakukan secara inklusif, dengan menjelaskan etika dakwah. Sehingga, gambaran tentang dakwah tidak hanya propaganda agama agar non muslim masuk islam, tetapi lebih pada penguatan dan pendalaman keimanan dan membantu masyarakat dalam memahami prinsip-prinsip keagamaan.
Kata Kunci: Dakwah, Radikalisme, Al-Qur’an.
Fahisyah Dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: As’adah Rifqi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the discussion of this paper, the author tries to trace the meaning of fâhisyah by describing the actual meaning of the word f fâhisyah contained in of the Qur'an, by classifying and by examining the word fâhisyah in accordance its context. The method used by the author is munâsabah (internal relation), with some quotations from the dictionary, exegesis works, and hadits corroborating the exploration. This method will answer the problem of to whom and what for the word fâhisyah is used. This study presents the meaning of fâhisyah in the Qur'an in a more comprehensive and representative way and will make the use of the word fâhisyah and it is content in the Qur’an clear.
Keywords: Fâhisyah, Mûjam, Classification Makkah-Civil, Hadith.

Abstrak
Dalam pembahasan tulisan ini penulis mencoba menelusuri makna fâhisyah dengan menggambarkan makna sebenarnya dari kata fâhisyah yang terkandung dalam Al-Qur'an, dengan mengklasifikasikan dan dengan memeriksa kata fâhisyah sesuai konteksnya. Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah munâsabah (hubungan internal), dengan beberapa kutipan dari kamus, karya tafsir, dan hadis yang menguatkan eksplorasi. Metode ini akan menjawab masalah kepada siapa dan untuk apa fâhisyah digunakan. Studi ini menyajikan makna fâhisyah dalam Al-Qur’an dengan cara yang lebih komprehensif dan representatif dan akan membuat penggunaan kata fâhisyah dan isinya dalam Al-Qur’an menjadi jelas.
Kata Kunci: Fahisyah, Mû’jam, Klasifikasi Makkah-Madani, Hadis.