bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indonesian Weberian Social Stratification: The Case of Tionghoa-Pribumi Inter-ethnic Relations
Authors: Meyer Patrik K. , Waskitho Tomy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As a country with multiple ethnicities, religions, and cultures, Indonesia has been suffering from protracted waves of inter-ethnic conflicts among its peoples. This research uses Critical Discourse Analysis (cda) to survey an array of mass and social media outlets, existing policies, and statistics to describe and interpret inter-ethnic relations between Tionghoa (Chinese Indonesians) and Javanese Pribumi (indigenous Indonesian Muslims). It adopts the Weberian three-factor social stratification model to group these relations under three main headings: class, status, and party. The analysis of this research is also enriched by using Geert Hofstede’s cultural-dimension theory. This research shows that Indonesia is socially stratified along Tionghoa-Pribumi lines. Importantly, the analysis also exposes that this stratification is not primarily due to economic inequalities as commonly assumed, but rather the result of deep religious and cultural incompatibilities and inadequate policies. Ultimately, Indonesia’s social stratification exacerbates the existing social inequality and perpetuates antagonistic Tionghoa-Pribumi relations.
The Role of Curvature in Modifying Frontal Instabilities. Part I: Review of Theory and Presentation of a Nondimensional Instability Criterion
Authors: Buckingham Christian E. , Gula Jonathan , Carton Xavier 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examine the role of curvature in modifying frontal stability. We first evaluate the classical criterion that the Coriolis parameter f multiplied by the Ertel potential vorticity (PV) q is positive for stable flow and that instability is possible when this quantity is negative. The first portion of this statement can be deduced from Ertel’s PV theorem, assuming an initially positive fq. Moreover, the full statement is implicit in the governing equation for the mean geostrophic flow, as the discriminant, fq, changes sign. However, for curved fronts in cyclogeostrophic or gradient wind balance (GWB), an additional term enters the discriminant owing to conservation of absolute angular momentum L. The resulting expression, (1 + Cu)fq < 0 or Lq < 0, where Cu is a nondimensional number quantifying the curvature of the flow, simultaneously generalizes Rayleigh’s criterion by accounting for baroclinicity and Hoskins’s criterion by accounting for centrifugal effects. In particular, changes in the front’s vertical shear and stratification owing to curvature tilt the absolute vorticity vector away from its thermal wind state; in an effort to conserve the product of absolute angular momentum and Ertel PV, this modifies gradient Rossby and Richardson numbers permitted for stable flow. This forms the basis of a nondimensional expression that is valid for inviscid, curved fronts on the f plane, which can be used to classify frontal instabilities. In conclusion, the classical criterion fq < 0 should be replaced by the more general criterion for studies involving gravitational, centrifugal, and symmetric instabilities at curved density fronts. In Part II of the study, we examine interesting outcomes of the criterion applied to low-Richardson-number fronts and vortices in GWB.
Subseasonal Deterministic Prediction Skill of Low-Level Geopotential Height Affecting Southern Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht Christien J. , Phakula Steven , Landman Willem A. , Engelbrecht Francois A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe NCEP CFSv2 and ECMWF hindcasts are used to explore the deterministic subseasonal predictability of the 850-hPa circulation of a large domain over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans that is relevant to the weather and climate of the southern African region. For NCEP CFSv2, 12 years of hindcasts, starting on 1 January 1999 and initialized daily for four ensemble members up to 31 December 2010 are verified against ERA-Interim reanalysis data. For ECMWF, 20 years of hindcasts (1995–2014), initialized once a month for all the months of the year are employed in a parallel analysis to investigate the predictability of the 850-hPa circulation. The ensemble mean for 7-day moving averages is used to assess the prediction skill for all the start dates in each month of the year, with a focus on the start dates in each month that are representative of the week-3 and week-4 hindcasts. The correlation between the anomaly patterns over the study domain shows skill over persistence up into the week-3 hindcasts for some months. The spatial distribution of the correlation between the anomaly patterns show skill over persistence to notably reduce over the domain by week 3. A prominent area where prediction skill survives the longest, occur over central South America and the adjacent Atlantic Ocean.
Exoskeleton Application to Military Manual Handling Tasks
Authors: Proud Jasmine K. , Lai Daniel T. H. , Mudie Kurt L. , Carstairs Greg L. , Billing Daniel C. , Garofolini Alessandro , Begg Rezaul K. 
Published: November 2020

Objective The aim of this review was to determine how exoskeletons could assist Australian Defence Force personnel with manual handling tasks. Background Musculoskeletal injuries due to manual handling are physically damaging to personnel and financially costly to the Australian Defence Force. Exoskeletons may minimize injury risk by supporting, augmenting, and/or amplifying the user’s physical abilities. Exoskeletons are therefore of interest in determining how they could support the unique needs of military manual handling personnel. Method Industrial and military exoskeleton studies from 1990 to 2019 were identified in the literature. This included 67 unique exoskeletons, for which Information about their current state of development was tabulated. Results Exoskeleton support of manual handling tasks is largely through squat/deadlift (lower limb) systems (64%), with the proposed use case for these being load carrying (42%) and 78% of exoskeletons being active. Human–exoskeleton analysis was the most prevalent form of evaluation (68%) with reported reductions in back muscle activation of 15%–54%. Conclusion The high frequency of citations of exoskeletons targeting load carrying reflects the need for devices that can support manual handling workers. Exoskeleton evaluation procedures varied across studies making comparisons difficult. The unique considerations for military applications, such as heavy external loads and load asymmetry, suggest that a significant adaptation to current technology or customized military-specific devices would be required for the introduction of exoskeletons into a military setting. Application Exoskeletons in the literature and their potential to be adapted for application to military manual handling tasks are presented.
Mobility levels of acute medical patients: Is behavioural mapping comparable to accelerometry?
Authors: Wu Yizhou , Smits Esther J , Window Peter , Beningfield Alice , Johnston Venerina , McRae Prue 
Published: November 2020

Objective: To (1) determine agreement between behavioural mapping and accelerometry for measuring mobility levels in an acute medical inpatient setting and to (2) explore and compare the required resources and costs for both methods. Design: Observational cross-sectional study Setting: Tertiary referral teaching hospital in Brisbane, Australia. Subjects: Adult patients admitted to two acute medical wards. Main measures: Mobility levels were recorded by behavioural mapping, and thigh and chest-worn accelerometers (ActivPAL). The level of agreement between the two methods was evaluated using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for each mobility level (i.e. lying, sitting, upright, standing and walking). Results: Nineteen patients (10 male (53%); mean(SD) age of 72(14) years) were included in the agreement analysis. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients were high for ‘lying’ (ICC = 0.87), ‘sitting’ (ICC = 0.84) and ‘upright’ (ICC = 0.93), indicating good to excellent agreement between the two methods. For these mobility levels, mean differences between the two methods were small (<2%), with large standard deviations (up to 18%). Agreement was poor for ‘standing’ (ICC = 0.00) and ‘walking’ (ICC = 0.35). Both methods were labour-intensive, with labour costs of A$1,285/€798 (34 hours) for behavioural mapping and A$1,055/€655 (28 hours) for accelerometry. No further costs were involved in behavioural mapping, but clinical backfill was required. Accelerometry involved a financial investment for accelerometers (A$11,100/€6,894 for 22 ActivPAL devices). Conclusion: Agreement between behavioural mapping and accelerometry was good for measuring ‘lying’, ‘sitting’ and ‘upright’, but poor for ‘standing’ and ‘walking’ in an acute inpatient setting. Both behavioural mapping and accelerometry were labour-intensive, with high costs for the accelerometry equipment.
Shopping for an Orthodontist
Authors: Katti Chandrika G. , Mohan Archana 
Published: November 2020

Choosing an orthodontist is one of the most important decisions patients need to make for their beautiful smiles. What are the factors that lead a patient to choose an orthodontist for their treatment? To find an answer, a survey was conducted to explore information from patients about the factors influencing them for choosing an orthodontic practice. The questionnaire focused on the role of social media, qualification, patient feedback, general dentist referral, treatment cost, reputation of the dentist, latest technologies used, age and gender of the practitioner, and location of clinic in the selection of an orthodontist by the patient. The research included 400 new orthodontic patients visiting dental college and orthodontic office. The study concluded that advertising tools such as social media, qualification and reputation of the practitioner, feedback from previous patient, age and gender of the practitioner, and dentist referral were important criteria in selecting an orthodontist.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis for Viruses by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Pediatric Encephalitis: Not Yet Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Erdem Guliz , Kaptsan Irina , Sharma Himanshu , Kumar Arvind , Aylward Shawn C. , Kapoor Amit , Shimamura Masako 
Published: November 2020

Background: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing offers an unbiased approach to identifying viral pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. Methods: In an 11-month case series, we investigated the use of cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing to diagnose viral infections among pediatric hospitalized patients presenting with encephalitis or meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with known enterovirus meningitis were included as positive controls. Cerebrospinal fluid from patients with primary intracranial hypertension were included to serve as controls without known infections. Results: Cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing was performed for 37 patients. Among 27 patients with encephalitis or meningoencephalitis, 4 were later diagnosed with viral encephalitis, 6 had non–central nervous system infections with central nervous system manifestations, 6 had no positive diagnostic tests, and 11 were found to have a noninfectious diagnosis. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing identified West Nile virus (WNV) in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 immunocompromised patient. Among the 4 patients with known enterovirus meningitis, metagenomic next-generation sequencing correctly identified enteroviruses and characterized the viral genotype. No viral sequences were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with primary intracranial hypertension. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing also identified sequences of nonpathogenic torque Teno virus in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from 13 patients. Conclusions: Our results showed viral detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing only in 1 immunocompromised patient and did not offer a diagnostic advantage over conventional testing. Viral phylogenetic characterization by metagenomic next-generation sequencing could be used in epidemiologic investigations of some viral pathogens, such as enteroviruses. The finding of torque Teno viruses in cerebrospinal fluid by metagenomic next-generation sequencing is of unknown significance but may merit further exploration for a possible association with noninfectious central nervous system disorders.
International usage of an English language oncology pharmacy podcast
Authors: Bossaer John B 
Published: November 2020

Background Pharmacy-specific podcasts are widely available and appear to be widely consumed. However, little is known about consumption of such podcasts. Objective: To describe the scope of listenership to OncoPharm, an oncology pharmacy podcast, and determine if any episode category is more popular than another. Methods: OncoPharm episodes released from Jan. 1, 2018 to May 10, 2019 were analyzed. The number of downloads or listens (DLs) was extracted from the podcast's hosting platform for evaluation. The number of DLs were tabulated from episode release date through May 31, 2019. The nation of DL was also extracted. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze DL numbers. One-way ANOVA was used to determine if any episode category (Foundational Topic, New Approval, Updates, Landmark Study, or Other) was more popular than another. Student's t-test was used to compare the mean DLs for the first 20 OncoPharm episodes to the last 20 episodes of the evaluation period. Results: Seventy-one podcast episodes were included in the evaluation period. These episodes were downloaded or listened to 17,816 times in 71 nations and territories. The average DLs per episode were 250.9 (SD 87.7). There was no difference in mean DLs by podcast episode category (p = 0.078). The last 20 episodes had more average DLs than the first 20 episodes (p = 0.04). Conclusion: OncoPharm has found a broad and growing audience interested in a variety of oncology pharmacy topics. This expanding and international audience suggests OncoPharm is filling an unmet educational need.
Feline giant-cell pleomorphic sarcoma: cytologic, histologic and immunohistochemical characterization
Authors: de Cecco Bianca S , Argenta Fernando F , Bianchi Ronaldo M , De Lorenzo Cíntia , Wronski Júlia G , Bandinelli Marcele B , da Costa Fernanda VA , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo P , Sonne Luciana 
Published: November 2020

Objectives This study aimed to characterize the cytologic, pathologic and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of feline giant-cell sarcoma. Methods Biopsy and necropsy reports from the Department of Veterinary Pathology were retrieved, and 13 cases of pleomorphic sarcoma (PS) were selected according to the established epidemiologic, pathologic and IHC criteria. All samples were fixed in 10% formalin, routinely processed for histology, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Samples also underwent IHC testing for vimentin, ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1), desmin, actin and S-100. Results The mean age of the affected cats was 9.5 years, and females were over-represented. Most neoplasms were observed in the flank, lateral thorax, limbs and interscapular region, and were >2 cm in diameter. Cytology analysis revealed highly cellular preparations with three distinct populations (spindle cells, small round cells and multinucleated giant cells) in a dense eosinophilic stroma. Histologically, PS was composed of a combination of these three populations. IHC labeling for vimentin and Iba-1 was strongly positive for spindle cells and multinucleated giant cells, respectively. Desmin/actin showed variable labeling among the samples. S-100 was negative in all samples. Conclusions and relevance PS is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, also known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The predominant subtype in this study that affected the cats was the giant-cell type, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells among spindle-shaped cells. These findings are similar to those described in human patients; thus, a comparison between the neoplasms seen in these species might be useful, and the knowledge of biologic behavior and overall treatment approach for humans could be extrapolated to cats.
Can Healing Architecture Increase Safety in the Design of Psychiatric Wards?
Authors: Lundin Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: The objective of this discussion paper is to deepen the discourse on the complex interrelationship between “healing architecture” and “safe architecture,” here labeled “ The healing and safety complex,” for the benefit of those who want to make informed decisions in the design of future psychiatric wards. Background: Today’s psychiatric care sets the patient at the forefront. As a part of this ambition, the discussion regarding the patient’s physical environment has also advanced. At the same time, staff are exposed to increasing threats and violence in their everyday work, which can lead to severe personal psychological suffering as well as physical injuries. The requirements of patients and staff are sometimes conflicting which has ethical implications. Methods: The reasoning and arguments presented here mainly derive from discussions and dialogue with psychiatric facility management and other healthcare professionals in multidisciplinary working groups during the design process. Results: Offering patients and staff a healing and safe environment is the most important architectural challenge in the design of psychiatric wards. How architects, management, and staff evaluate and balance the two aspects will have a crucial impact on the building’s final design and atmosphere and thereby influence staff and patient safety as well as civil protection. Conclusions: In everyday practice, it is up to the multidisciplinary design teams and management to become better informed in order to make “the right decisions to the best of their ability” as evidence is still limited when it comes to “ The healing and safety complex.”
Early labor force exits in patients with treatment-resistant depression: an assessment of work years lost in a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Bang Madsen Kathrine , Vogdrup Petersen Liselotte , Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , Musliner Katherine L. , Philippe Debost Jean-Christophe , Hordam Gronemann Frederikke , Mortensen Preben Bo , Munk-Olsen Trine 
Published: November 2020

Background: Depression is one of the leading causes of premature workforce exit in many Western countries, but little is known about the extent to which treatment-resistance reduces number of work-years. We compared the risk of premature workforce exit among patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) relative to non-TRD patients and estimated work years lost (WYL) before scheduled retirement age. Methods: The study population, identified in the Danish National Prescription Registry, included all individuals born and living in Denmark who redeemed their first antidepressant (AD) prescription for depression at age 18–60 years between 2005 and 2012. TRD was defined as failure to respond to at least two different treatment trials. Premature workforce exit was measured using disability pension records. We used Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for premature workforce exit in TRD relative to non-TRD patients, adjusting for calendar year, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, and educational level. Differences in WYL in patients with TRD and all depression patients were estimated through a competing risks model. Results: Out of the total sample of patients with depression ( N = 129,945), 7478 (5.75%) were classified as having TRD. During follow up, 17% of patients with TRD and 8% of non-TRD patients received disability pension, resulting in a greater than three-fold larger risk of premature workforce exit [adjusted HR (aHR) 3.23 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.05–3.43]. The TRD group lost on average six work-years (95% CI 5.64–6.47) more than the total sample due to early labor force exit. The association between TRD and age at premature workforce exit was inversely U-shaped; the hazard rate of premature workforce exit for patients with TRD compared with non-TRD patients was highest in the age groups 31–35, 36–40, and 41–45 years. Conclusion: Patients with TRD constitute a small group within depression patients, but contribute disproportionally to societal costs due to premature workforce exit at a young age.
Alive and Well: Encouraging Long Term Health Habits Through Implementation of Student Driven Wellness Programs in Medical Schools
Authors: Salana Kristen , Maty Shauna , Hage Robert 
Published: November 2020

Purpose A lack of coping mechanisms has been linked to increased rates of anxiety, depression, and imposter syndrome among medical students. In response, schools have been searching for methods to negate these results through wellness programs focused on student life. Methods A survey comprised of three multiple choice questions was disseminated amongst first year basic science medical students to determine their current state of well-being and potential interest in an educational course focused on wellness. Questions inquired about students’ current coping strategies and their interest in engaging in wellness focused activities. Participants’ responses were then used to create a Well-being selective. The course design was centered around a small points reward system in order to promote autonomous decision making and encourage balance of body, mind, and spirit. Results/Discussion Initial survey data suggests student interest in the creation of a wellness centered selective. Students engaged in a diverse array of activities to support the whole of their being. By tracking student choices of activities to engage in and feedback sent to the selective director, the selective design is being adapted to fit the needs of the student body. Conclusion Through promotion of on and off-campus extracurricular activities, the Well-being selective offers a non-threatening and self-paced approach to a balanced mind, body, and spirit. In this selective, students participate in diverse activities that support health and life balance, ranging from sunset group yoga to local botany. Student feedback suggests that through the selective they have experienced increased community engagement and support during their basic sciences medical education.