bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of drying methods and parameters on the antioxidant properties of tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves
Authors: Roslan A. S. , Ismail A. , Ando Y. , Azlan A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Conventional drying using heated air oven is commonly used as a method for preserving the product but often affects the nutritional value, taste, and texture. However, the heat from the drying method can oxidize and destroy heat-sensitive compounds. Superheated steam (SHS) drying uses superheated steam instead of hot air or combustion gases in a direct dryer and was reported better at preserving the nutritional values of food products.

Aim
To evaluate the effect of SHS drying on antioxidant properties of tea leaves. The study also compared SHS drying with conventional and freeze-drying methods.

Results
Tea leaves dried using freeze drying retained the highest level of antioxidant properties compared to other drying methods. The leaves dried using SHS exhibited significantly higher radical scavenging activity, ORAC and FRAP values compared to oven drying method. At different drying temperatures (150 °C and 175 °C), oven dried leaves showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) antioxidant properties than that of SHS dried ones. Tea leaves dried for 60, 75, and 90 min using SHS showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) FRAP and ORAC values, and also total phenolic content compared to oven dried tea leaves.

Conclusion
Tea leaves dried using SHS drying method retained higher level of antioxidant properties compared to oven drying. The drying method also retained lower antioxidant properties as drying time increased. Further study involving SHS drying in food-related fields should be conducted to support its usefulness.

Graphical abstract
Multi-detector computed tomography in the assessment of tetralogy of Fallot patients: is it a must?
Authors: Shaaban Mahmoud , Tantawy Sara , Elkafrawy Fatma , Haroun Dina , Romeih Soha , Elmozy Wesam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) accounts for 10% of all CHD. It classically consists of ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic overriding, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, and RV hypertrophy. There are many anatomic variants, associated intracardiac and extracardiac anomalies that must be taken into consideration when imaging and planning the surgical procedure needed. Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), with its high spatial and temporal resolution, has a pivotal role in the evaluation of complex anatomical findings in both unrepaired and repaired TOF patients.Main bodyThough MDCT has a limited role in the initial diagnosis of TOF, it is particularly important when there is a question about anatomy of pulmonary arteries (PAs) (whether sizable, hypoplastic, or atretic), presence of major aorto-pulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) and presence of additional VSDs. Additionally, MDCT is crucial in the diagnosis of different anatomical variants of TOF. TOF patients with absent pulmonary valve classically have hugely dilated PAs which raise an important question about the degree and severity of airways compression. This question can be accurately answered by MDCT. TOF with double-outlet RV (DORV) has variable degrees of aortic override which can be assessed by MDCT. An atrio-ventricular septal defect (AVSD) is seen in about 13% of TOF cases and typically occurs in patients with Down syndrome. MDCT can assess the size and extent of inlet VSD and size of both ventricles (balanced or unbalanced AVSD). Coronary artery anomalies are common and important association. MDCT can identify the presence of a major coronary artery crossing the RVOT, a left anterior descending (LAD) from RCA, or a dual LAD. The clinical importance of these anomalies is its susceptibility to injury during ventriculotomy incision required for TOF repair necessitating changing the usual approach of surgery.Patients with reduced pulmonary blood flow undergo a systemic to pulmonary shunt. MDCT can assess the patency of the shunt, stenotic, or occluded segments. In surgically repaired TOF patients, MDCT can identify the sequalae and long-term complications including residual RVOT obstruction, conduit stenosis, RVOT patch aneurysm, RVH, and aortic root dilatation.ConclusionMDCT is a safe and reliable imaging modality that provides accurate assessment of anatomical variants and associated anomalies of TOF.
Staffing With Disease-Based Epidemiologic Indices May Reduce Shortage of Intensive Care Unit Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mascha Edward J. , Schober Patrick , Schefold Joerg C. , Stueber Frank , Luedi Markus M. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:
Health care worker (HCW) safety is of pivotal importance during a pandemic such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and employee health and well-being ensure functionality of health care institutions. This is particularly true for an intensive care unit (ICU), where highly specialized staff cannot be readily replaced. In the light of lacking evidence for optimal staffing models in a pandemic, we hypothesized that staff shortage can be reduced when staff scheduling takes the epidemiology of a disease into account.

METHODS:
Various staffing models were constructed, and comprehensive statistical modeling was performed. A typical routine staffing model was defined that assumed full-time employment (40 h/wk) in a 40-bed ICU with a 2:1 patient-to-staff ratio. A pandemic model assumed that staff worked 12-hour shifts for 7 days every other week. Potential in-hospital staff infections were simulated for a total period of 120 days, with a probability of 10%, 25%, and 40% being infected per week when at work. Simulations included the probability of infection at work for a given week, of fatality after infection, and the quarantine time, if infected.

RESULTS:
Pandemic-adjusted staffing significantly reduced workforce shortage, and the effect progressively increased as the probability of infection increased. Maximum effects were observed at week 4 for each infection probability with a 17%, 32%, and 38% staffing reduction for an infection probability of 0.10, 0.25, and 0.40, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Staffing along epidemiologic considerations may reduce HCW shortage by leveling the nadir of affected workforce. Although this requires considerable efforts and commitment of staff, it may be essential in an effort to best maintain staff health and operational functionality of health care facilities and systems.
Sirtuin-1 regulates organismal growth by altering feeding behavior and intestinal morphology in planarians
Authors: Ziman Benjamin , Karabinis Peter , Barghouth Paul , Oviedo Néstor J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Nutrient availability upon feeding leads to an increase in body size in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. However, it remains unclear how food consumption integrates with cell division at the organismal level. Here, we show that the NAD-dependent protein deacetylases sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved in planarians, and specifically demonstrate that the homolog of human sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) (encoded by Smed-Sirt-1), regulates organismal growth by impairing both feeding behavior and intestinal morphology. Disruption of Smed-Sirt-1 with RNAi or pharmacological inhibition of Sirtuin-1 leads to reduced animal growth. Conversely, enhancement of Sirtuin-1 activity with resveratrol accelerates growth. Differences in growth rates were associated with changes in the amount of time taken to locate food and overall food consumption. Furthermore, Smed-Sirt-1(RNAi) animals displayed reduced cell death and increased stem cell proliferation accompanied by impaired expression of intestinal lineage progenitors and reduced branching of the gut. Taken together, our findings indicate that Sirtuin-1 is a crucial metabolic hub capable of controlling animal behavior, tissue renewal and morphogenesis of the adult intestine.
Micro-stepping extended focus reduces photobleaching and preserves structured illumination super-resolution features
Authors: Hu Xian , Jalal Salma , Sheetz Michael , Bakke Oddmund , Margadant Felix 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Despite progress made in confocal microscopy, even fast systems still have insufficient temporal resolution for detailed live-cell volume imaging, such as tracking rapid movement of membrane vesicles in three-dimensional space. Depending on the shortfall, this may result in undersampling and/or motion artifacts that ultimately limit the quality of the imaging data. By sacrificing detailed information in the Z-direction, we propose a new imaging modality that involves capturing fast ‘projections’ from the field of depth and shortens imaging time by approximately an order of magnitude as compared to standard volumetric confocal imaging. With faster imaging, radiation exposure to the sample is reduced, resulting in less fluorophore photobleaching and potential photodamage. The implementation minimally requires two synchronized control signals that drive a piezo stage and trigger the camera exposure. The device generating the signals has been tested on spinning disk confocal and instant structured-illumination-microscopy (iSIM) microscopes. Our calibration images show that the approach provides highly repeatable and stable imaging conditions that enable photometric measurements of the acquired data, in both standard live imaging and super-resolution modes.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The Drafted Body
Authors: Schaffzin Gabi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

The Measure of Man—a guide for industrial designers, complete with scores of anthropometric data points—features hundreds, if not thousands, of meticulously calculated measurements of various human bodies. To the industrial designer, engineer, fabricator, CAD operator, drafter, or architect the aesthetic elements of Measure of Man and its descendents should seem familiar, as they use the same visual language as the engineering drawing or architectural blueprint. After reviewing the projects themselves, the standards which their aesthetic stylings mirror, and a number of historical antecedents, I will enact a Foucauldian discourse analysis, eventually arguing that projects such as the Human Design Manual implicate the normalized and classified human body in the construction of our built world, but they also reify the power held by those with the expertise in the standardized visual language of drafting and engineering.
“The Living Dead”
Authors: Singh Ranjit 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper follows the mutual shaping of data records and citizens as data subjects to illustrate how precarious forms of citizenship emerge in the use of biometrics-based digital technologies for governance. It presents a case of using Aadhaar, India’s biometrics-based unique identification project, in the delivery of welfare pensions to the elderly, widows, and the disabled in Rajasthan. In March 2016, pensions of about 757,000 beneficiaries were cancelled for a variety of reasons ranging from the beneficiary is “dead” or “duplicate” to other ineligibility criteria such as age or income. When Right to Information activists organized public hearings on these cancellations, they found many beneficiaries who were alive but declared “dead” on record. This paper explores this case of the “living dead” to conceptualize orphaning from information infrastructures as processes that render citizens residual in the mutual shaping of their lives with their data records.
Animating the Kinetic Trace: Kate Bush, Hatsune Miku, and Posthuman Dance
Authors: Bergen Hilary 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This project emerges from a recent research-creation project involving MikuMikuDance (MMD), a freeware animation program where 3D models can be maneuvered, posed and choreographed into various dance sequences through the use of motion data and digital manipulation. In a dance translation that involves the choreography for Kate Bush’s song, “Wuthering Heights,” a Microsoft Kinect, and the freeware interface MikuMikuDance, created for Japanese virtual idol, Hatsune Miku, dance is revealed to be both rooted in the body and distributed across collective bodies and screens. By relinquishing biometric control, and allowing data to “dance,” this project eschews mimetic realism for an attempt to learn the machine’s “truth,” and proposes failure as a mode of resistance to systems of control, making way for an assemblage of relational bodies that dance within and through one another.
Digital Drapery and Body Schema-tics
Authors: Leberg Dan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical framework for analyzing motion capture acting for film as a creative professional collaboration between actors and animators. Animators are framed as the draper (rathe than the drafter) of the synthespian’s digital costume, informed but not overdetermined by the raw data of the motion capture actor’s performance. Similarly, the data ensuing from the actor’s performance is analyzed in the neuroscientific terms of body image versus body schema, which makes a distinction between the self’s physical appearance and the self’s capacity for action. The paper concludes that ethnographic research on motion capture acting with this new terminology will provide a holistic view of the collective creative processes in digital cinematic production.
Extravagant Fragility
Authors: Tetrault Ella 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A personal reflection on the press days of the 58th Venice Biennale, May You Live in Interesting Times, curated by Ralph Rugoff with a focus on the ecological messages in the French, Lithuanian, Ghanain and Canadian pavilions as well as the history of the Venice Biennale and the unique nationalist structure of the biennale.
Beads they’re sewn so tight
Authors: Huard Adrienne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Curated by Lisa Myers, Textile Museum of Canada, Toronto, October 10, 2018 - May 26, 2019
This exhibition demonstrates a shift from archaic notions of Indigenous cultural production and celebrates the ongoing perseverance of Indigenous knowledges, which are steeped in technological advancements. By challenging the idea of “tradition”, it allows these artists to generate discussions towards new modes of Indigenous cultural display and tradition. Acknowledging that Indigenous beading and quillworks continue to be a symbol of our resilience and political sovereignty, this exhibition embraces the grounded progression of innovation within our visual culture.
Candace Hicks, Many Mini Murder Scenes
Authors: Newman Inbal 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Women & Their Work Gallery, Austin, TX, 29 September - 8 November 2018
This review examines works by artist Candace Hicks, with special attention given to those in the 2018 exhibit Many Mini Murder Scenes. Hicks’s practice as a printmaker and book artist explores embroidered composition notebooks, encoded text in books and on posters, and interactive exhibits. The pieces in this exhibit include dioramas from murder mystery novel scenes with invisible ink clues and contrasting large scale papercraft images.
Tear Gas Epiphanies
Authors: Khayambashi Shahbaz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Kirsty Robertson (McGill-Queens University Press, 2019), 432 pages.
This is a review of Kristy Robertson’s Tear Gas Epiphanies: Protest, Culture, Museums, which deals with the use of museums as spaces of protest, both as a location and as a target. She uses a series of case studies to study this esoteric cross-section to more closely understand the intricacies.
Dysphagia as a Presentation of Celiac Disease
Authors: Lee Ada , Tobin Michelle , Cherian Julie , Chawla Anupama 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Dysphagia is an uncommon symptom for celiac disease (CD). Typically, patients with CD present with abdominal pain, diarrhea, steatorrhea, weight loss, growth failure, anemia, or fatigue. We report a case of dysphagia in a pediatric patient with negative celiac serologies and positive histologic findings suspicious for CD. Our patient's dysphagia resolved after being placed on a gluten-free diet. Repeat interval endoscopy on a gluten-free diet to assess for resolution of histological changes confirmed the diagnosis of CD. In patients with dysphagia, CD should be considered in the differential diagnosis despite negative celiac serologies.
Perforated Hemocholecyst: An Unintended Consequence of Endoscopic Variceal Ligation?
Authors: Gasser Mary C. , Sadowski Brett W. , Baird Dean E. , Kwok Ryan M. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Ectopic varices are a rare sequelae of portal hypertension and present in unique ways, which may not always prompt consideration. Furthermore, endoscopic interventions on venous collaterals in the setting of portal hypertension affect the portal system hemodynamics, which may further complicate the clinical picture. We report a man with decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis who developed hemocholecyst complicated by perforation with hemoperitoneum soon after endoscopic variceal ligation of the esophageal varices in the setting of retrospectively discovered gallbladder varices.
Hepatic Steatosis Resulting From LMNA-Associated Familial Lipodystrophy
Authors: Mahdi Layth , Kahn Allon , Dhamija Radhika , Vargas Hugo E. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, with potential causes stemming from obesity, metabolic syndrome, genetic disorders, and drug toxicity. We report a 42-year-old woman with lipodystrophy and NAFLD due to a pathogenic variant in the LMNA (D300N) gene. This case report attempts to encourage clinicians to consider genetic diseases, specifically lipodystrophies, when working up uncommon causes of NAFLD.
Pre-analytical issues in liquid biopsy – where do we stand?
Authors: Fleischhacker Michael , Schmidt Bernd 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
It is well documented that in the chain from sample to the result in a clinical laboratory, the pre-analytical phase is the weakest and most vulnerable link. This also holds for the use and analysis of extracellular nucleic acids. In this short review, we will summarize and critically evaluate the most important steps of the pre-analytical phase, i.e. the choice of the best control population for the patients to be analyzed, the actual blood draw, the choice of tubes for blood drawing, the impact of delayed processing of blood samples, the best method for getting rid of cells and debris, the choice of matrix, i.e. plasma vs. serum vs. other body fluids, and the impact of long-term storage of cell-free liquids on the outcome. Even if the analysis of cell-free nucleic acids has already become a routine application in the area of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) and in the care of cancer patients (search for resistance mutations in the EGFR gene), there are still many unresolved issues of the pre-analytical phase which need to be urgently tackled.
miRNA-186 improves sepsis induced renal injury via PTEN/PI3K/AKT/P53 pathway
Authors: Li Min , Li Wei , Ren Feng-Qin , Zhang Ming-li 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study is to explain the effects of miRNA-186 in renal injury induced by sepsis.

Methods
The Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the Sham group, Sepsis model group and the miRNA-186 group based on the model group; there were 9 rats in every group. The rat sepsis model was reproduced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The rats of the miRNA-186 group were injected miRNA-186 from caudal vein. The rats of the difference group were killed after operation 24 h. The kidneys of the difference groups were taken for histopathological and cell apoptosis analysis by H&E and TUNEL assay. The relative protein expressions were measured by WB assay. miRNA-186 target to Phosphatase and tensin homologous protein (PTEN).

Results
Compared with the Sham group, the kidney histopathological and cell apoptosis rates of the model group were significantly damaged (P<0.05, respectively), however, the kidney histopathological and cell apoptosis rate of miRNA-186 group were significantly improved compared with the model group (P<0.05, respectively). The relative protein expressions were significantly different among 3 groups (P<0.05, respectively). The PTEN was the target of the miRNA-186.

Conclusion
miRNA-186 over-expression has effects that improve renal injury induced by sepsis via PTEN pathway.
The Firing of Theta State-Related Septal Cholinergic Neurons Disrupt Hippocampal Ripple Oscillations via Muscarinic Receptors
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Zhang Yiyao , Wang Lina , Li Na , Barkai Edi , Zhang Xiaohui , Lin Longnian , Xu Jiamin 
Published: April 2020

The septo-hippocampal cholinergic system is critical for hippocampal learning and memory. However, a quantitative description of thein vivofiring patterns and physiological function of medial septal (MS) cholinergic neurons is still missing. In this study, we combined optogenetics with multichannelin vivorecording and recorded MS cholinergic neuron firings in freely behaving male mice for 5.5–72 h. We found that their firing activities were highly correlated with hippocampal theta states. MS cholinergic neurons were highly active during theta-dominant epochs, such as active exploration and rapid eye movement sleep, but almost silent during non-theta epochs, such as slow-wave sleep (SWS). Interestingly, optogenetic activation of these MS cholinergic neurons during SWS suppressed CA1 ripple oscillations. This suppression could be rescued by muscarinic M2or M4receptor antagonists. These results suggest the following important physiological function of MS cholinergic neurons: maintaining high hippocampal acetylcholine level by persistent firing during theta epochs, consequently suppressing ripples and allowing theta oscillations to dominate.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe major source of acetylcholine in the hippocampus comes from the medial septum. Early experiments found that lesions to the MS result in the disappearance of hippocampal theta oscillation, which leads to speculation that the septo-hippocampal cholinergic projection contributing to theta oscillation. In this article, by long-term recording of MS cholinergic neurons, we found that they show a theta state-related firing pattern. However, optogenetically activating these neurons shows little effect on theta rhythm in the hippocampus. Instead, we found that activating MS cholinergic neurons during slow-wave sleep could suppress hippocampal ripple oscillations. This suppression is mediated by muscarinic M2and M4receptors.