bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐Independent Transmembrane Transporting of Single Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Chen Xi , Tian Falin , Li Min , Xu Haijiao , Cai Mingjun , Li Qian , Zuo Xiaolei , Wang Hongda , Shi Xinghua , Fan Chunhai , Baigude Huricha , Shan Yuping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDNA nanostructures have attracted considerable attention as drug delivery carriers. However, the transmembrane kinetics of DNA nanostructures remains less explored. Herein, the dynamic process of transporting single tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) is monitored in real time using a force‐tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy. The results show that transporting single TDNs into living HeLa cells need ≈53 pN force and ≈25 ms duration with the average speed of ≈0.6 µm s−1. Interestingly, the dynamic parameters are irrelevant to the size of TDNs, while the larger TDNs rotated slightly during the transporting process. Meanwhile, both the results from single‐molecule force tracing and ensemble fluorescence imaging demonstrate that the different size TDNs transmembrane transporting depends on caveolin‐mediated endocytosis.
Compositional and structural engineering of inorganic nanowires toward advanced properties and applications
Authors: Sun Yong , Sun Bo , He Jingbo , Wang Chengxin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs natural one‐dimensional confined electron transport channels and photon propagation paths, nanowires (NWs) display unmatched properties and huge potential for application in diverse fields. The ability to construct a nanoscale functional system would enable significant advances in the currently desired miniaturized device integration. To date, the basic properties of all types of nanowire crystals, including metallic NWs, as well as group IV‐related, III‐V/II‐VI compounds, and metal oxide NWs, are well understood. Regarding future work, compositional (ie, doping and alloying) and structural (defect and heterostructure) designs to flexibly realize custom‐made functionality are emphasized. Along this line, recent progress is reviewed, including the basic properties (nanowire mechanics, electronics, and photonics) and applications such as photodetectors and chemical/biological sensors. A review of the correlations between the compositional/structural configuration of nanowires and the corresponding functionality is also presented. The future development direction of this field is concluded and highlighted at the end.
THE SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF DRIP SYSTEM UNIFORMITY AND SOIL VARIABILITY ON DRAINAGE AND NITRATE LEACHING UNDER ARID CONDITIONS: A NUMERICAL STUDY
Authors: Guan Hongjie , Li Jiusheng , Li Yanfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBoth irrigation and soil heterogeneities can affect drainage and nitrate leaching. However, the interactive effect of irrigation and soil heterogeneity under different irrigation levels still remains unclear. The irrigation and soil heterogeneity effects on drainage and nitrate leaching at a typical growth stage for cotton were evaluated using the HYDRUS‐2D software. The results showed that increasing irrigation heterogeneity increased the average drainage and nitrate leaching; however, the opposite result was observed for the effect of soil heterogeneity. Both irrigation and soil heterogeneity had a negative effect on the Nemerow average drainage and nitrate leaching. The Nemerow average drainage and nitrate leaching that resulted from the combined heterogeneities were higher than those obtained when either irrigation or soil heterogeneity was considered. An increase in irrigation level increased the Nemerow average drainage and nitrate leaching. Both irrigation and soil heterogeneity had a substantial influence on the variability of drainage and nitrate leaching. Combined irrigation and soil heterogeneities resulted in a synergistic effect on the variability in nitrate leaching. An increase in irrigation level did not alleviate the negative effects of irrigation and soil heterogeneities on variability in nitrate leaching. A low drip system uniformity of 60% is not recommended because of the substantially increased risk of nitrate leaching in arid regions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of intrinsic skin aging between Caucasian and Asian subjects by slide‐free in vivo harmonic generation microscopy
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Hung , Liao Yi‐Hua , Wei Ming‐Liang , Sun Chi‐Kuang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhenotypical and functional differences in the intrinsic skin aging process of individuals between Caucasians and Asians have generated considerable interest in dermatology and cosmetic industry. Most of the studies focused on the stratum corneum, and in some other studies inter‐individual differences overwhelms the racial difference. None of the studies comparatively analyzes the difference from the histopathological point of view. Here we report our harmonic generation microscopy study to analyze the difference of intrinsic aging between Caucasian and Asian skin from a histopathological point of view. As a result, the cellular and nuclear areas of basal cells in Caucasian subjects were found to increase at the same rate as the Asian subjects, ideal for scoring age. The maximum thickness of the viable epidermis, the dermal papilla (DP) volume per unit area and the depth of the DP zone in Caucasians were found to decrease at faster rates than those in Asians.
Effect of matrix stiffness and adhesion ligand density on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Zhan Xintang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdhesion ligands and mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) play significant roles in directing mesenchymal stem cells' (MSCs) behaviors, but how they affect chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs has rarely been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of matrix stiffness and adhesion ligand density on proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs by using UV crosslinked hydrogels comprised of methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) of different weight ratios. The PEGDA/GelMA hydrogels were fabricated by adjusting the weight ratio of PEGDA and GelMA with low or high adhesion ligand density (0.05 and 0.5% GelMA, respectively) and independent tunable stiffness (1.6, 6, and 25 kPa separately for hydrogels with 5, 10, and 15% PEGDA). MSCs presented differential behaviors to ECM by adjusting its adhesion ligand density and stiffness. Cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation could be enhanced with the improvement of adhesive properties and stiffness, evidenced by cell viability assay, hematoxylin–eosin staining, Safranin O staining, immunohistochemistry (Collagen types II, Col2a1), as well as the chondrogenic genes expression of Col2a1, Acan, and Sox9. This study may provide new strategies to design the scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
Differential expression of miR‐142‐3p protects cardiomyocytes from myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion via TLR4/NFkB axis
Authors: Zhao Zhikun , Qu Feng , Liu Runmei , Xia Yunfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOur research aims to explore the impact of miR‐142 on myocardial apoptosis in the mouse ischemia and reperfusion (IR) model and investigate the underlying mechanisms at the molecular level. A considerable downregulation of miR‐142 was observed in the cardiac area of mice post IR modeling. To understand the regulatory function of IR‐induced miR‐142 downregulation, the animals were categorized into four groups: IR model group; IR + agomir‐142 group (IR mice treated with agomir‐142); IR + antagomir‐142 group (IR mice treated with antagomir‐142); IR + agomir‐142 + negative control (NC) group (IR mice processed with agomir‐NC). The results indicated that agomir‐142 upregulation was capable of shrinking IR damage‐triggered infarction of the ventriculus sinister, strengthening myocardial function, and guarding against cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas further decreased miR‐142 with antagomir‐142 infection displayed negative influence of miR‐142 against mice IR damage. In the cellular assay, miR‐142 overexpression significantly improved proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs). Moreover, we found that miR‐142 reduced the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and upregulated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced caspase‐3 expression. Furthermore, transfection with an miR‐142 mimic prevented the upregulation of TLR4/NFkB expression and activation in H2O2‐treated NRCs. Our findings also revealed that miR‐142 is linked to the 3'‐untranslated area of the TLR4 gene. In addition, TLR4 overexpression considerably ablated the protective effects of miR‐142 in terms of the cell viability of H2O2‐treated NRCs. Taken together, miR‐142 agomir injection in mice and miR‐142 mimic transfection in NRCs plays a role in protecting the heart from IR damage and malfunction via the TLR4/NFkB axis both in vivo and in vitro.
Lagrangian densities of linear forests and Turán numbers of their extensions
Authors: Hu Sinan , Peng Yuejian , Wu Biao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Lagrangian of a hypergraph has been a useful tool in hypergraph extremal problems. Recently, Lagrangian densities of hypergraphs and Turán numbers of their extensions have been studied actively. However, determining the Lagrangian density of a hypergraph is not an easy task even for a “simple” hypergraph. For example, to determine the Lagrangian density of is equivalent to determine the Turán density of (a long standing conjecture of Turán). Hefetz and Keevash studied the Lagrangian density of the 3‐uniform matching of size 2. Pikhurko determined the Lagrangian density of a 4‐uniform tight path of length 2 and this led to confirm the conjecture of Frankl and Füredi on the Turán number of the ‐uniform generalized triangle for the case . It is natural and interesting to consider Lagrangian densities of other “basic” hypergraphs. In this paper, we determine the Lagrangian densities for a class of 3‐uniform linear forests. For positive integers and , let be the disjoint union of a 3‐uniform linear path of length and pairwise disjoint edges. In this paper, we determine the Lagrangian densities of for any and or 3. Applying a modified version of Pikhurko's transference argument used by Brandt, Irwin, and Jiang, we obtain the Turán numbers of their extensions.
Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid to Parkinson's disease: A focus on psychological and daytime functioning with a single‐case design with multiple baselines
Authors: Lebrun Cindy , Gély‐Nargeot Marie‐Christine , Rossignol Alexia , Geny Christian , Bayard Sophie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo test the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐i) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and to evaluate its impact on indices of daytime and psychological functioning.MethodFifteen patients with insomnia disorder (ID) comorbid to PD were enrolled in a single‐case design with multiple baselines. Total wake time, sleep efficiency, and daytime sleepiness were recorded on a sleep diary. Self‐reported measures of insomnia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, health‐related quality of life, and psychological variables perpetuating ID were completed. All patients also underwent a clinical interview for ID diagnosis.ResultsCBT‐i was associated with significant changes in sleep variables and ID criteria. Significant positive treatment‐related effects were also noted for all indices of daytime and psychological functioning, and for variables perpetuating ID. All of these improvements were well maintained at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionCBT‐i is a promising therapeutic avenue for patients with PD.
A tale of four countries: How Bowlby used his trip through Europe to write the WHO report and spread his ideas
Authors: van der Horst Frank C. P. , Zetterqvist Nelson Karin , van Rosmalen Lenny , van der Veer René 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAttachment theory, developed by child psychiatrist John Bowlby, is considered a major theory in developmental psychology. Attachment theory can be seen as resulting from Bowlby's personal experiences, his psychoanalytic education, his subsequent study of ethology, and societal developments during the 1930s and 1940s. One of those developments was the outbreak of World War II and its effects on children's psychological wellbeing. In 1950, Bowlby was appointed WHO consultant to study the needs of children who were orphaned or separated from their families for other reasons and needed care in foster homes or institutions. The resulting report is generally considered a landmark publication in psychology, although it subsequently met with methodological criticism. In this paper, by reconstructing Bowlby's visit to several European countries, on the basis of notebooks and letters, the authors shed light on the background of this report and the way Bowlby used or neglected the findings he gathered.
Molecular and epidemiological aspects of hepatitis C virus infection among crack cocaine users
Authors: Del‐Rios Nativa Helena Alves , de Araujo Lyriane Apolinário , Martins Regina Maria Bringel , Guimarães Rafael Alves , de Matos Márcia Alves Dias , Caetano Karlla Antonieta Amorim , Pinheiro Raquel Silva , da Silva França Divânia Dias , da Silva Leandro Nascimento , Teles Sheila Araújo , dos Santos Carneiro Megmar Aparecida 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim is to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes/subtypes among crack users in‐treatment in Central Brazil. A cross‐sectional survey in which 600 in‐treatment crack users were interviewed and tested for anti‐HCV Ab by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was conducted between August 2012 and April 2013. Anti‐HCV‐positive samples were also submitted for HCV RNA detection by polymerase chain reaction. Positive HCV RNA samples were genotyped by direct sequencing analysis of the NS5B region of the viral genome, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Of the total, 3.7% (95.0% CI, 2.4%‐5.6%) were anti‐HCV positive. Age over 40 years and history of injecting drugs were risk factors for HCV, while snorting cocaine was a protector variable. HCV RNA was detected in 14 of 22 anti‐HCV‐positive samples, and the genotypes 1 (n = 10) and 3 (n = 2), subtypes 1a (n = 7), 1b (n = 3), and 3a (n = 2) were identified. The HCV prevalence found among crack users is almost threefold that observed in the general population in Brazil supporting that this population is at higher risk for HCV. The findings of cocaine insufflation as a protective behavior for HCV infection in this population should be explored.
The utility of electrocautery for suture passage through bone: A biomechanical study
Authors: Littlefield Zachary L. , Lehtonen Eva J. , McKissack Haley M. , Momaya Amit M. , Brabston Eugene W. , Baez Kevin , McGwin Gerald , Ponce Brent A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTElectrosurgical devices are routinely employed during surgery. The use of a Bovie Electrosurgical Unit (ESU) to facilitate the passage of a suture needle through bone has not been studied in the literature. This study aimed to identify force reduction with the application of Bovie ESU to the suture needle through the bone. Peak and the average axial force required for a suture needle to penetrate cadaveric proximal humeri were measured using a custom setup. Twenty‐four trials were conducted without electricity, and 72 trials were conducted with a Bovie ESU applying current. Needle size and Bovie ESU power settings were varied. t Tests and analysis of variance were used with p ≤ 0.05 denoting statistical significance. The application of electricity reduced the peak and average axial force needed for a needle to pierce bone, regardless of the Bovie ESU power setting (p < 0.001). The average peak force with the Bovie ESU was 65.7 N, compared with 126.0 N without (p < 0.001), a 47.9% reduction. The average axial force with the Bovie ESU was 38.2 N compared with 81.8 N without (p < 0.001), a 53.3% reduction. There was no significant difference in peak or average axial forces between power settings. At 30 and 90 W of power, larger needle size was associated with significantly lower peak (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and axial (p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively) force. The Bovie ESU reduces the axial force required to pass a suture needle through bone. The use of this technique may allow for the avoidance of drilling for soft tissue repair. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:954‐960, 2020
Metabolomics of lung cancer: Analytical platforms and their applications
Authors: Noreldeen Hamada A. A. , Liu Xinyu , Xu Guowang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLung cancer is the leading type of cancer worldwide in terms of the number of new cases and is responsible for the largest number of deaths due to poor prognosis and difficult early detection. Due to its ability to detect numerous small molecular metabolites simultaneously, metabolomics has been widely used for the assessment of global metabolic changes in a living organism to discover candidate biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, investigate the development of cancer, and provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology. This review will mainly describe recent developments in lung cancer metabolomics in terms of early‐stage detection, biomarker discovery and mechanism exploration by using nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry in the last 10 years. The sample collection and metabolite extraction methods are also summarized.
Mechanism and kinetics of the reaction of the 2‐propargyl radical with ammonia
Authors: Nguyen Hue Minh Thi , Pham Tien Van , Van Hoang Hung , Hoan Pham Tho , Cuong Ngo Tuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGas‐phase mechanism and kinetics of the reactions of the 2‐propargyl radical (H2CCCH), an important intermediate in combustion processes, with ammonia were investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory at the coupled‐cluster CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6‐311++G(3df,2p) method in conjunction with transition state theory (TST), variational transition state theory (VTST), and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Macus (RRKM) calculations for rate constants. The potential energy surface (PES) constructed shows that the C3H3 + NH3 reaction has four main entrances, including two H‐abstraction and two addition channels in which the former are energetically more favorable. The H‐abstraction channels occur via energy barriers of 24 (T0/P2) and 26 kcal/mol (T0/P3) forming loose van de Waals complexes, COM_1 (12 kcal/mol) and COM_2 (14 kcal/mol), respectively. These complexes can easily be decomposed via barrier‐less processes resulting HCCCH3 + NH2 (P2, 14 kcal/mol) and HCCCH3 + NH2 (P3, 15 kcal/mol), respectively. The additional channels occur initially by formation of two intermediate states, H2CCCHNH3 (35 kcal/mol) and H2CC(NH3)CH (37 kcal/mol) via energy barriers of 37 and 40 kcal/mol at T0/1 and T0/5, respectively, followed by isomerization and decomposition yielding 21 different products. These processes are fully depicted in an as‐complete‐as‐possible PES. The rate constants and product branching ratios for the low‐energy channels calculated show that the C3H3 + NH3 reaction is almost pressure‐independent. For the temperature range of 300–2000 K, the HCCCH3 + NH2 is the major product, whereas the minor one, HCCCH3 + NH2, has more contribution when temperature increases. Theoretical results on the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction considered may be helpful for future experiments as well as for understanding the role of the propargyl radical in combustion chemistry.
Predictors of eustachian tube dysfunction improvement and normalization after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Higgins Thomas S. , Cappello Zachary J. , Wu Arthur W. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveStudies have demonstrated improvement in Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) symptomatology after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS); however, factors associated with ETD symptom alteration have not been elucidated. This study evaluated factors associated with improvement and normalization of ETD symptoms after FESS.MethodsA case‐control study was performed of FESS patients who had clinically significant ETD symptoms based on the Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire‐7 (ETDQ‐7 ≥ 2.1) without middle ear effusion (MEE) preoperatively. Study patients were identified as those with a normalized ETDQ‐7 at 2 months postoperatively. Controls were patients whose ETDQ‐7 did not normalize at 2 months. Demographics, surgery characteristics, chronic rhinosinusitis phenotype, Lund‐Mackay score, temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD), preoperative ETDQ‐7 and SNOT‐22 scores, and tympanograms were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed comparing study cases and controls.ResultsData were collected on 165 patients, with 46% patients having clinically significant preoperative ETD and 60 patients meeting final study inclusion/exclusion criteria. FESS was associated with both SNOT‐22 and ETDQ‐7 improvement (P < 0.001). Nasal polyposis was associated with a higher probability of ETDQ‐7 normalization (OR 4.429, P = 0.035). Factors associated with failure of ETDQ‐7 normalization included TMJD (OR 0.086, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.019–0.391) and high preoperative ETDQ‐7 (OR 0.140, P = 0.006, 95% CI 0.032–0.613).ConclusionIn patients with clinically significant ETD symptoms without MEE, FESS was associated with ETDQ‐7 improvement. Nasal polyposis was associated with an increased probability of normalization of ETD symptoms postoperatively, whereas TMJD had a negative association.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 2019
The estimation of gross oxygen production and community respiration from autonomous time‐series measurements in the oligotrophic ocean
Authors: Barone Benedetto , Nicholson David , Ferrón Sara , Firing Eric , Karl David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiel variations in oxygen concentration have been extensively used to estimate rates of photosynthesis and respiration in productive freshwater and marine ecosystems. Recent improvements in optical oxygen sensors now enable us to use the same approach to estimate metabolic rates in the oligotrophic waters that cover most of the global ocean and for measurements collected by autonomous underwater vehicles. By building on previous methods, we propose a procedure to estimate photosynthesis and respiration from vertically resolved diel measurements of oxygen concentration. This procedure involves isolating the oxygen variation due to biological processes from the variation due to physical processes, and calculating metabolic rates from biogenic oxygen changes using linear least squares analysis. We tested our method on underwater glider observations from the surface layer of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre where we estimated rates of gross oxygen production and community respiration both averaging 1.0 mmol O2 m−3 d−1, consistent with previous estimates from the same environment. Method uncertainty was computed as the standard deviation of the fitted parameters and averaged 0.6 and 0.5 mmol O2 m−3 d−1 for oxygen production and respiration, respectively. The variability of metabolic rates was larger than this uncertainty and we were able to discern covariation in the biological production and consumption of oxygen. The proposed method resolved variability on time scales of approximately 1 week. This resolution can be improved in several ways including by measuring turbulent mixing, increasing the number of measurements in the surface ocean, and adopting a Lagrangian approach during data collection.