bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Low-Dose Aspirin Initiated Before 11 Weeks’ Gestation Reduce the Rate of Preeclampsia?
Authors: Chaemsaithong Piya , Cuenca-Gomez Diana , Plana María N. , Gil María M. , Poon Liona C. 
Published: October 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;222(5):437–450)
Low-dose aspirin has been shown to decrease the rate of preterm preeclampsia in women identified as high risk. The ASPRE (Combined Multimarker Screening and Randomized Patient Treatment with Aspirin for Evidence-Based Preeclampsia Prevention) trial found that high-risk women who received aspirin versus placebo saw a substantially reduced rate of preterm preeclampsia.
Feeding, Communication, Hydrocephalus, and Intracranial Hypertension in Patients With Severe FGFR2-Associated Pfeiffer Syndrome
Authors: Kilcoyne Sarah , Potter Katherine Ruth , Gordon Zoe , Overton Sarah , Brockbank Sally , Jayamohan Jayaratnam , Magdum Shailendra , Smith Martin , Johnson David , Wall Steven , Wilkie Andrew O.M. 
Published: October 2020

Background:Pfeiffer syndrome is associated with a genetic mutation of theFGFR2(or more rarely,FGFR1) gene, and features the combination of craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, broad thumbs and broad great toes. Previous research has identified a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes in patients with Pfeiffer syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the multifactorial considerations for speech, language, hearing and feeding development in patients with severe genetically-confirmed Pfeiffer syndrome.Methods:A 23-year retrospective case-note review of patients attending the Oxford Craniofacial Unit was undertaken. Patients were categorized according to genotype. Patients with mutations located inFGFR1, or outside theFGFR2IgIII domain-hotspot, or representing known Crouzon/Pfeiffer overlap substitutions were excluded. Twelve patients with severeFGFR2-associated Pfeiffer syndrome were identified.Results:Patients most commonly had pansynostosis (n = 8) followed by bicoronal (n = 3), and bicoronal and sagittal synostosis (n = 1). Seven patients had a Chiari I malformation. Four patients had a diagnosis of epilepsy. Ten patients had with hydrocephalus necessitating ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion.Feeding difficulties were common (n = 10/12) and multifactorial. In 5/12 cases, they were associated with pansynostosis, hydrocephalus, tracheostomy and tube feeding in infancy.Hearing data were available for 10 patients, of whom 9 had conductive hearing loss, and 8 required hearing aids. Results indicated that 3/4 patients had expressive language difficulties, 3/4 had appropriate receptive language skills. 6/12 patients had a speech sound disorder and abnormal resonance.Conclusion:This study has identified important speech, language, hearing and feeding issues in patients with severeFGFR2-associated Pfeiffer syndrome. Results indicate that a high rate of motor-based oral stage feeding difficulties, and pharyngeal stage swallowing difficulties necessitating regular review by specialist craniofacial speech and language therapists
Endoscope Assisted Subcochlear Approach for Symptomatic Petrous Apex Effusion
Authors: Gür Harun , Ismi Onur , Görür Kemal , Güven Onurhan , Vayisoğlu Yusuf , Özcan Cengiz 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Petrous apex effusions are rare disorders and usually occur in the petrous apex (PA) having well-aerated cells and it may present with several symptoms or can be diagnosed incidentally on imaging methods obtained for another reason. If there are persistent symptoms despite the conservative treatment in symptomatic patients, a surgical attempt can be considered. In patients with favorable hearing levels and with the well-pneumatized petrous bone, PA cells may be effectively drained through subcochlear or supracochlear approaches by preserving patient's hearing levels. In this case report, the authors presented a severe symptomatic patient with petrous apex effusion who did not respond to conservative treatment and petrous apex drainage was performed via the subcochlear approach.
Apical Node Involvement Does Not Influence Prognosis After Potentially Curative Resection for Stage III Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ng Kheng-Seong , Dent Owen F. , Chan Charles , Newland Ronald C. , Keshava Anil , Stewart Peter , Rickard Matthew J. F. X. , Chapuis Pierre H. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To examine the independent prognostic value of ALN status in patients with stage III CRC.

Summary of Background Data:
Early CRC staging classified nodal involvement by level of involved nodes in the operative specimen, including both locoregional and apical node status, in contrast to the American Joint Committee on Cancer/tumor nodes metastasis (TNM) system where tumors are classified by the number of nodes involved. Whether ALN status has independent prognostic value remains controversial.

Methods:
Consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for Stage III CRC from 1995 to 2012 at Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia were studied. ALN status was classified as: (i) ALN absent, (ii) ALN present but not histologically involved, (iii) ALN present and involved. Outcomes were the competing risks incidence of CRC recurrence and CRC-specific death. Associations between these outcomes and ALN status were compared with TNM N status results.

Results:
In 706 patients, 69 (9.8%) had an involved ALN, 398 (56.4%) had an uninvolved ALN and 239 (33.9%) had no ALN identified. ALN status was not associated with tumor recurrence [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–1.26] or CRC-specific death (HR 1.14, CI 0.91–1.43). However, associations persisted between TNM N-status and both recurrence (HR 1.58, CI 1.21–2.06) and CRC-specific death (HR 1.59, CI 1.19–2.12).

Conclusions:
No further prognostic information was conferred by ALN status in patients with stage III CRC beyond that provided by TNM N status. ALN status is not considered to be a useful additional component in routine TNM staging of CRC.
Postoperative Onset and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Surgically Resected Specimens From Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients With Pre/Asymptomatic COVID-19
Authors: Liu Yan-Liang , Ren Jun , Yuan Jing-Ping , Zhang Zhi-Jiang , Guo Wen-Yi , Guan Yang , Moeckel Gilbert , Ahuja Nita , Fu Tao 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
To describe the epidemiologic features and clinical courses of gastrointestinal cancer patients with pre/asymptomatic COVID-19 and to explore evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the surgically resected specimens.

Summary Background Data:
The advisory of postponing or canceling elective surgeries escalated a worldwide debate regarding the safety and feasibility of performing elective surgical procedures during this pandemic. Limited data are available on gastrointestinal cancer patients with pre/asymptomatic COVID-19 undergoing surgery.

Methods:
Clinical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Surgically resected specimens of the cases with confirmed COVID-19 were obtained to detect the expression of ACE2 and the presence of SARS-CoV-2.

Results:
A total of 52 patients (male, 34) with a median age 62.5 years were enrolled. All the patients presented no respiratory symptoms or abnormalities on chest computed tomography before surgery. Six patients (11.5%) experienced symptom onset and were confirmed to be COVID-19. All were identified to be preoperatively pre/asymptomatic, as 5 were with SARS-CoV-2 presenting in cytoplasm of enterocytes or macrophages from the colorectal tissues and 1 had symptom onset immediately after surgery. The case fatality rate in patients with COVID-19 was 16.7%, much higher than those without COVID-19 (2.2%).

Conclusions:
Gastrointestinal cancer patients with pre/asymptomatic COVID-19 were at high risk of postoperative onset and death. At current pandemic, elective surgery should be postponed or canceled. It highlights the need for investigating the full clinical spectrum and natural history of this infection. The early colorectal tropism of SARS-CoV-2 may have major implications on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.
Establishment of a Swine Benign Biliary Stricture Model of Endobiliary Thermal Injury With a Diathermic Sheath
Authors: Gao Dao-jian , Zhang Hong-Zhan , Hu Bing , Lu Rui , Wang Shu-Ping 
Published: October 2020

Background:
A reliable large animal model of benign biliary stricture (BBS) is essential to study endoscopic management of BBS. The aim of this study was to establish a swine BBS model of endobiliary electrothermal injury with a diathermic sheath and screen out the optimal energy dose.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve swine were equally randomized into a low (20 W), a medium (30 W), and a high (40 W)-dose group. Endobiliary electrothermal injury was applied to the common bile duct using a diathermic sheath at different energy doses for 20 seconds via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Cholangiographic findings and liver function were evaluated weekly after thermal injury. Two animals from each group were sacrificed at 2 weeks and the other 2 sacrificed 4 weeks after thermal injury for histopathologic evaluation.

Results:
BBS was established successfully in 10 of the 12 animals. Two of the 4 animals in low-dose group did not produce biliary stricture at 4 weeks; in medium-dose group, BBS was induced in both animals at 2 weeks without causing severe complications; and in high-dose group, BBS was produced in 4 animals at 2 weeks, causing perforation and abdominal abscess formation in 1 animal.

Conclusions:
A safe and reproducible swine model of BBS could be established successfully by applying endobiliary electrothermal injury with a diathermic sheath at 30 W for 20 seconds.
Acyclovir Improves the Efficacy of Chemoradiation in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Containing the Epstein Barr Virus Genome
Authors: Thandoni Aditya , Zloza Andrew , Schiff Devora , Rao Malay , Lo Kwok-wai , Haffty Bruce G. , Kim Sung , Jhawar Sachin R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy endemic to East Asia and is caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-mediated cancerous transformation of epithelial cells. The standard of care treatment for NPC involves radiation and chemotherapy. While treatment outcomes continue to improve, up to 50% of patients can be expected to recur by five years, and additional innovative treatment options are needed. We posit that a potential way to do this is by targeting the underlying cause of malignant transformation, namely EBV. One method by which EBV escapes immune surveillance is by undergoing latent phase replication, during which EBV expression of immunogenic proteins is reduced. However, chemoradiation is known to drive conversion of EBV from a latent to a lytic phase. This creates an opportunity for the targeting of EBV-infected cells utilizing anti-viral drugs. Indeed, we found that combining acyclovir with cisplatin and radiation significantly decreases the viability of the EBV-infected C666-1 cell line. Western blot quantification revealed a resultant increase of thymidine kinase (TK) and apoptosis-inducing mediators, cleaved PARP (cPARP) and phosphorylated ERK (pERK). These studies suggest that the addition of anti-viral drugs to frontline chemoradiation may improve outcomes in patients treated for EBV-related NPC and futurein vivoand clinical studies are needed.
Individual variation in parental care drives divergence of sex roles
Authors: Long Xiaoyan , Weissing Franz J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn many animal species, parents provide care for their offspring, but the parental roles of the two sexes differ considerably between and within species. Here, we use an individual-based simulation approach to investigate the evolutionary emergence and stability of parental roles. Our conclusions are in striking contrast to the results of analytical models. In the absence of initial differences between the sexes, our simulations do not predict the evolution of egalitarian care, but either female-biased or male-biased care. When the sexes differ in their pre-mating investment, the sex with the highest investment tends to evolve a higher level of parental care; this outcome does not depend on non-random mating or uncertainty of paternity. If parental investment evolves jointly with sexual selection strategies, evolution results in either the combination of female-biased care and female choosiness or in male-biased care and the absence of female preferences. The simulations suggest that the parental care pattern drives sexual selection, and notvice versa. Finally, our model reveals that a population can rapidly switch from one type of equilibrium to another one, suggesting that parental sex roles are evolutionarily labile. By combining simulation results with fitness calculations, we argue that all these results are caused by the emergence of individual variation in parental care strategies, a factor that was hitherto largely neglected in sex-role evolution theory.
Improving decision-making effectiveness in crisis situations: developing intuitive expertise at the workplace
Authors: Okoli Justin 
Published: October 2020

Design/Methodology/Approach
This review examines the role of intuition as a cognitive tool to better manage complex crises. The paper draws on a case study in the aviation industry, the Hudson river incident, to advance the potency and value of intuitive expertise in crisis situations.

Purpose
Crisis managers operating in safety critical domains are often faced with difficult and exceptional conditions that may challenge their expertise and cause them to rely more heavily on their experiential knowledge. This review therefore provides insights into intuitive thinking and demonstrates its importance in crisis decision-making.

Findings
Evidence suggests that intuition arguably offers a better cognitive option to decision-makers in high staked and time-pressured crisis situations. The Hudson River case study further highlights why organizations should aim to train their personnel to become better intuitive thinkers.

Originality/value
This review challenges conventional classical decision theory, outlining its limitations in typical fast paced crises environments. The paper instead positions intuition as a scientific construct that holds important value for crisis managers in extreme conditions.
Fit for purpose? Lessons from transitional shelter provision for internally displaced persons in urban informal settlements in Brazil
Authors: Vaccari Mirian Sayuri , Sanderson David , Loosemore Martin , Mojtahedi Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges of transitional shelter provision for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in urban informal settlements. While there has been considerable research on postdisaster transitional shelters, less is known on shelters for IDPs in urban informal settlements.Design/methodology/approachA case study is presented based on field research at the communities in Olaria and City in São Paulo, Brazil. Collection of data included personal communication with the dwellers, surveys and interviews with representatives from Techo, one of the few organizations that provide transitional shelters for IDPs. A review of documents regarding the construction, design and users' adaptation of transitional shelter was also undertaken. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe study found that Techo's program impacts positively on the nonphysical aspects of shelter, such as physical and mental health, security, household responsibilities and community participation. However, Techo's transitional shelter for IDPs in urban informal settlements and most postdisaster transitional shelters share similar problems. These programs respond to the needs of a small proportion of the affected populations with shelters of minimum quality and low durability.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is limited to a single case study of the NGO Techo and further case study research is recommended to further develop and validate the study results in other urban development contexts.Originality/valueThis research contributes to describing and understanding the context and the provision of transitional shelters to IDPs in urban informal settlements and impacts in the community. With increasing numbers of IDPs settling in urban informal settlements in many parts of the world, this paper is valuable to policymakers, NGOs and researchers operating in this field to facilitate community development.
Student retention in higher education: the role of creativity, emotional intelligence and learner autonomy
Authors: Alsharari Nizar Mohammad , Alshurideh Muhammad Turki 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce a new retention model suitable for academic setting that is based on the interaction between creativity, emotional intelligence and learner autonomy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses quantitative research methods, especially survey, to justify the hypotheses testing and the components of new retention model. Based on the proposed model, three hypotheses have developed and tested using Smart Partial Least Square (SPLS) method. This paper also uses the qualitative data including documents, archival records and website analysis.FindingsThe findings denote that creativity, emotional intelligence and learner autonomy positively affect students' retention. The findings also indicate that there is a strong relationship between emotional intelligence and learner autonomy. It assumes that the study indicators might lead to students' retention and that autonomous learners persevere toward academic goals.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper concludes with discussion of limitations of the study, suggestions for future research, and how administrators of nontraditional programs can benefit from this study. This study has important implications for higher education decision makers and university leaders alike.Originality/valueThe proposed students' retention model symbolizes the interplay between the cognitive and affective domains of creativity and emotional intelligence, which can contribute to learner autonomy intentions, changes in persistence and formulation of new beliefs in higher education.
Advertising food to Australian children: has self-regulation worked?
Authors: Saha Nipa 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to outline the historic development of advertising regulation that governs food advertising to children in Australia. Through reviewing primary and secondary literature, such as government reports and research, this paper examines the influence of various regulatory policies that limit children’s exposure to food and beverage marketing on practices across television (TV), branded websites and Facebook pages.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper reviews studies performed by the food industry and public health researchers and reviews of the evidence by government and non-government agencies from the early 19th century until the present day. Also included are several other research studies that evaluate the effects of self-regulation on Australian TV food advertising.

Findings
The government, public health and the food industry have attempted to respond to the rapid changes within the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes. However, self-regulation is failing to protect Australian children from exposure to unhealthy food advertising.

Practical implications
The findings could aid the food and beverage industry, and the self-regulatory system, to promote comprehensive and achievable solutions to the growing obesity rates in Australia by introducing new standards that keep pace with expanded forms of marketing communication.

Originality/value
This study adds to the research on the history of regulation of food advertising to children in Australia by offering insights into the government, public health and food industry’s attempts to respond to the rapid changes within the advertising, marketing and media industries by developing and reviewing advertising codes.
The mediating role of perceived organizational support on psychological capital – employee engagement relationship: a study of Indian IT industry
Authors: Sihag Priyanka 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe importance of psychological capital (PsyCap) and perceived organizational support (POS) have been identified over the years, however, the underlying relationship of both constructs with different employee outcomes is still a subject of research. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether POS helps in mediating the effect of PsyCap on employee engagement (EE).Design/methodology/approachIn total, 420 samples (middle-level information technology (IT) professionals) were collected from different IT industry located in India by using online survey questionnaires. The collected data were further analyzed using regression analysis, factor analysis, structural equation modeling, reliability and validity analysis, mediation analysis and model fit indices analysis.FindingsThe results of the present study confirmed the full mediating effect of POS on the PsyCap-EE relationship and demonstrated that employees with a higher level of PsyCap, contribute more positively to the POS level which further enhances the employee’s level of engagement at the workplace.Research limitations/implicationsThe samples collected for the current study included only middle-level IT professionals of the IT industry in India; therefore, the present study results have limited general applicability. The results and findings of the current study are only on the basis of inferential statistical analysis, and descriptive analysis was not performed on the collected data. Further, the study does not investigate the influence of time.Practical implicationsThis study would assist practitioners of human resources in organizational development by enhancing the employee’s positive attitude and commitment toward their study. Further, EE can also be improved by enhancing the levels of POS and PsyCap of employees, which is in line with the findings of the current study.Originality/valueThe current study examines the mediating effect of POS on psychological capital and EE the relationship for the first time.