bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sero-evaluation of Immune Responses to Vibrio cholerae in a Postelimination Setting
Authors: Diep Tai The , Jensen Owen , Van Thuong Nguyen , Nhi Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Thu Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Quang Vo Ngoc , Hieu Truong Cong , Thang Hoang Anh , Thuy Nguyen Dieu , Thang Ho Vinh , Tuyen Ho Trung , Ngan Le Dang , Ha Nguyen Thi Thanh , Dung Than Duc , Anderson Cole P , Azman Andrew S , Leung Daniel T 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cholera remains a significant public health problem worldwide. In settings of declining incidence, serosurveillance may be used to augment clinical surveillance. We utilized dried blood spot sampling and cholera-specific antibody testing to examine the serologic profiles of vaccinated and unvaccinated children in southern Vietnam, where cholera was recently eliminated.
Practicing Antimicrobial Stewardship: De-Escalating Antibiotics in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Neutropenic Fever
Authors: Fuller Risa , Moshier Erin , Jacobs Samantha E , Tremblay Douglas , Lancman Guido , Coltoff Alexander , Caro Jessica , Mascarenhas John , Rana Meenakshi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We compared risk of recurrent fever in patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing induction chemotherapy with febrile neutropenia without an infectious source in which antibacterials were de-escalated before neutrophil recovery versus continued. There was less recurrent fever when antibacterials were de-escalated early with no increased adverse events.
Discovery of radio jets in the Phoenix galaxy cluster center
Authors: Akahori Takuya , Kitayama Tetsu , Ueda Shutaro , Izumi Takuma , Lee Kianhong , Kawabe Ryohei , Kohno Kotaro , Oguri Masamune , Takizawa Motokazu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the results of the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) 15 mm observation of the Phoenix galaxy cluster possessing an extreme star-burst brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) at the cluster center. We spatially resolved radio emission around the BCG, and found diffuse bipolar and bar-shape structures extending from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) of the BCG. They are likely radio jets/lobes, whose sizes are ∼10–20 kpc and locations are aligned with X-ray cavities. If we assume that the radio jets/lobes expand with the sound velocity, their ages are estimated to be ∼10 Myr. We also found compact radio emissions near the center and suggest that they are more young bipolar jets ∼1 Myr in age. Moreover, we found extended radio emission surrounding the AGN and discussed the possibility that the component is a product of the cooling flow, by considering synchrotron radiation partially absorbed by molecular clumps, free–free emission from the warm ionized gas, and the spinning dust emission from the dusty circumgalactic medium.
86-GHz SiO masers in Galactic centre OH/IR stars
Authors: Messineo Maria , Sjouwerman Lorant O , Habing Harm J , Omont Alain 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We present results on a search for 86.243-GHz SiO (J = 2→1, $v$ = 1) maser emission toward 67 OH/IR stars located near the Galactic centre. We detected 32 spectral peaks, of which 28 correspond to SiO maser lines arising from the envelopes of these OH/IR stars. In OH/IR stars, we obtained an SiO maser detection rate of about $40\%$. We serendipitously detected two other lines from OH/IR stars at ≈86.18 GHz, which could be due to a CCS-molecule transition at 86.181 GHz or probably to an highly excited OH molecular transition at 86.178 GHz. The detection rate of 86-GHz maser emission is found to be about $60\%$ for sources with the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) A − E &lt; 2.5 mag; but it drops to $25\%$ for the reddest OH/IR stars with MSX A − E &gt; 2.5 mag. This supports the hypothesis by Messineo (2002, A&A, 393, 115) that the SiO masers are primarily found in relatively thinner circumstellar material.
Drought tolerance and acclimation in Pinus ponderosa seedlings: the influence of nitrogen form
Authors: Sigala José A , Uscola Mercedes , Oliet Juan A , Jacobs Douglass F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Drought is a limiting factor to forest regeneration and restoration, which is likely to increase in intensity and duration under future climates. Nitrogen (N) nutrition is related to drought-resistance mechanisms in trees. However, the influence of chemical N form (inorganic and organic N) on physiological traits related to drought resistance has been sparsely studied in conifer seedlings. We investigated the effect of N forms on morpho-physiological traits of Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. seedlings and subsequent influences in drought tolerance and acclimation. One-year-old seedlings were fertilized during 10 weeks at 9 mM N with different N forms [either NH4+, NO3− or organic N (amino acids mixture)] in their second year of growth. After fertilization, we measured traits associated with intrinsic drought tolerance (shoot water relations, osmotic regulation, photosynthesis and cell membrane stability). Seedlings were then subjected to an 8-week drought period at varying drought intensities to evaluate plant acclimation mechanisms. We demonstrated that P. ponderosa seedlings could efficiently use amino acids as a primary N source, showing similar performance to those grown with inorganic N forms. Nitrogen form influenced mainly drought-acclimation mechanisms rather than intrinsic drought tolerance. Osmotic potential at saturation (Ψπsat) was marginally affected by N form, and a significant relationship between proline concentration in needles and Ψπsat was found. During acclimation, seedlings fertilized with organic N minimized needle senescence, retained more nutrients in the oldest needles, had maximum increments in proline concentration and hastened the development of water-use efficiency mechanisms compared with those fertilized with inorganic N sources. Our results suggest an improved physiological drought acclimation of organic N-fertilized seedlings.
The acid invertase gene family is involved in internode elongation in Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens
Authors: Guo Xiaoqin , Chen Hongjun , Liu Yue , Chen Wei , Ying Yeqing , Han Junjie , Gui Renyi , Zhang Hongxia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Acid invertases (INVs) play a pivotal role in both vegetative and reproductive growth of plants. However, their possible functions in fast-growing plants such as bamboo are largely unknown. Here, we report the molecular characterization of acid INVs in Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens, a fast-growing bamboo species commercially grown worldwide. Nine acid INVs (PhINVs), including seven cell wall INVs (PhCWINV1, PhCWINV2, PhCWINV3, PhCWINV4, PhCWINV5, PhCWINV6 and PhCWINV7) and two vacuolar INVs (PhVINV11 and PhVINV12) were isolated. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that they all share high amino acid identity with other INVs from different plant species and contain the motifs typically conserved in acid INV. Enzyme activity assays revealed a significantly higher INV activity in the fast-growing tissues, such as the elongating internodes of stems. Detailed quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analyses showed various expression patterns of PhINVs at different developmental stages of the elongating stems. With the exception of PhCWINV6, all PhINVs were ubiquitously expressed in a developmental-specific manner. Further studies in Arabidopsis exhibited that constitutive expression of PhCWINV1, PhCWINV4 or PhCWINV7 increased the biomass production of transgenic plants, as indicated by augmented plant heights and shoot dry weights than the wild-type plants. All these results suggest that acid INVs play a crucial role in the internode elongation of P. heterocycla cv. pubescens and would provide valuable information for the dissection of their exact biological functions in the fast growth of bamboo.
Overexpression of Strigolactone-Associated Genes Exerts Fine-Tuning Selection on Soybean Rhizosphere Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome
Authors: Liu Fang , Rice John Hollis , Lopes Valeria , Grewal Parwinder , Lebeis Sarah L. , Hewezi Tarek , Staton Margaret E. 
Published: April 2020

Strigolactones are a recently discovered class of carotenoid-derived plant hormones with a wide variety of functions, including acting as signaling molecules in the rhizosphere to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and parasitic seed germination. To determine whether strigolactones influence the recruitment of microbes to the rhizosphere, we characterized both bacterial and fungal communities in response to the overexpression of genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis (MAX1d) and signaling perception (D14 and MAX2a) in soybean (Glycine max). The amplicon sequencing-based results suggest that strigolactone overexpression lines had altered soybean rhizosphere bacteria composition at both the community level and individual taxa level with genera including Shinella and Bdellovibrio consistently more abundant across all three overexpression constructs. In addition, the responses of the soybean rhizosphere bacteria community differed significantly across the genes, with lines overexpressing genes involved in strigolactone biosynthesis (MAX1d) yielding a divergent bacterial community in comparison with those with altered expression of strigolactone perception genes (D14 and MAX2a). The overexpressed genes did not significantly impact the overall fungal community distribution; however, some individual taxa were altered in abundance. MAX1d and D14 overexpression lines had significantly enriched abundance of Fusarium solani. The mediating role of strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling genes on soybean rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities confirmed strigolactone’s importance in the rhizosphere host–microbe communication and microbial community structure. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Nitrate supplementation enhances exercise performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Regimbal Riley , Senefeld Jonathon , Wiggins Chad , Dominelli Paolo , Baker Sarah , Joyner Michael 
Published: April 2020

Although over 100 studies and reviews have examined the ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation (e.g. beetroot juice) in young, healthy men and women, it is unclear if participant and environmental factors modulate the well‐described ergogenic effects—particularly relevant factors include biological sex, aerobic fitness and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) during exercise. To address this limitation, the literature was systematically reviewed for randomized, cross‐over, placebo‐controlled studies reporting exercise performance outcome metrics with NO3− supplementation in young, healthy adults. There were 2,033 articles identified, and 80 articles met inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis. Random‐effects meta‐analysis demonstrated that exercise performance was improved with NO3− supplementation compared to placebo (d=0.174, 95% CI [0.120–0.229], P<0.001). Subgroup analyses conducted on biological sex, aerobic fitness and FiO2 demonstrated that the ergogenic effect of NO3− supplementation was: 1) not observed in studies with only women (n=6, d=0.116, 95% CI [−0.126–0.358], P=0.347), 2) not observed in participants with moderate aerobic fitness (less than 45 mL·kg−1·min−1; n=4, d=0.168, 95% CI [−0.134–0.469], P=0.276) or elite aerobic fitness (65 mL·kg−1·min−1 or greater; n=26, d=0.021, 95% CI [−0.103–0.144], P=0.745) and 3) was not modulated by FiO2 (hypoxia: n=17, d=0.214, 95% CI [0.054–0.375], P=0.009 vs. normoxia n=97, d=0.175, 95% CI [0.114–0.237], P<0.001). Together, the meta‐analyses demonstrated a clear ergogenic effect of NO3− supplementation in recreationally‐active, young, healthy men across many different exercise paradigms and NO3− supplementation parameters; however, the effect size of NO3− supplementation was objectively small. Although NO3− supplementation may be effective in moderately fit, healthy men, NO3− supplementation has limited utility as an ergogenic aid in participants that have optimized other training parameters. Mechanistic research and studies incorporating a wide variety of subjects (e.g. women) are needed to advance the study of NO3− supplementation; however, additional descriptive studies of young healthy men may have limited utility.Figure 1Figure 2
Role of O‐linked glucose‐fucose disaccharide modification of thrombospondin type I repeats in protein folding and embryo development
Authors: Holdener Bernadette 
Published: April 2020

We propose that Protein O‐fucosyltransferase 2 (POFUT2) and β3‐glucosyltransferase (B3GLCT) function to ensure efficient folding of forty‐nine proteins containing tandemly repeated
Thrombospondin
Type 1
Repeats (TSRs). In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), POFUT2 and B3GLCT recognize properly folded TSRs and act sequentially to add the unusual O‐linked Glucoseβ1‐3Fucose disaccharide to either a serine or threonine residue located within the POFUT2 consensus sequence (C‐X‐X‐S/T‐C). Once all TSRs are modified the target protein exits the ER. In crystal structures the disaccharide forms H‐bonds and van der Waals interactions with underlying amino acids in the TSR, raising the possibility that the disaccharide functions as a surrogate amino acid to stabilize the correctly folded TSR. Results from in vitro folding/refolding assays provide evidence that the disaccharide stabilizes the TSR fold and accelerates the overall rate of protein folding. Consistent with this prediction, loss of POFUT2 or B3GLCT in cell culture impairs trafficking of POFUT2/B3GLCT targets. To begin to evaluate the function of the disaccharide in vivo, we generated mouse loss of function mutations in Pofut2 and B3glct. Loss of Pofut2 causes early embryo lethality due to a block in gastrulation. In contrast, B3glct animals survive, but have craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, defects in pigmentation, soft tissue syndactyly, and develop hydrocephalus. The mouse B3glct phenotype shares similarities to Peters Plus syndrome in humans, caused by recessive mutations in B3GLCT. The distinct differences in the effects of these mutations during mouse development support a model whereby the O‐linked fucose is essential for folding and secretion of all POFUT2/B3GLCT target proteins and that B3GLCT‐mediated extension to the glucose‐fucose disaccharide is only required by a subset of sensitive targets.Support or Funding InformationThese studies were supported by funding from NIH R01 HD090156 and NIH R01 HD096030 and 2019 Hydrocephalus Association Innovator Award.Model for how POFUT2/B3GLCT mediated addition of the O‐linked glucose‐fucose disaccharide promotes efficient folding of target proteins containing the Thrombospondin Type 1 Repeats (TSR) fold. Addition of fucose prevents reentry of the TSR to the folding cycle and stabilizes the fold. Extension with glucose provides further stability to the TSR. Once the target protein is fully modified it exits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).Figure 1
Pharmacokinetic Prediction of CYP2D6 Genotypes of Metoclopramide in Adults and Children Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: SHIN HYO BIN 
Published: April 2020

Metoclopramide (MCP) is a dopamine D2 antagonist and 5‐HT4 receptor agonist to stimulate gastric contractions for the treatment of Gastroparesis and gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is predominantly metabolized in liver by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Thus, CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism has essential effects on the pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide and exhibits variability between the different phenotypes. Based on our clinical trials, we developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for CYP2D6 *wt/*wt group and scaled to other CYP2D6 genotypes and pediatric group. A 10 mg single oral dose of metoclopramide was given to forty‐three healthy Korean subjects composed of CYP2D6 *wt/*wt (*wt = *1 or *2, n=12), *wt/*10 (n=8), *10/*10 (n=15) and *5/*10 (n=8) genotypes. The plasma concentrations of metoclopramide were measured using an HPLC‐MS/MS system. Based on data of our clinical trials and physicochemical properties, PBPK model of metoclopramide was built utilizing PK‐sim® software (PK‐Sim® 7.4, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany). After that, a PBPK model has fitted the 99.998% confidence interval criteria (Abduljalil K et al., 2014) and validated by comparing it with other clinical trials. We found meaningful differences in AUCinf, AUCend, oral clearance (CL/F) and Cmax in CYP2D6 genotypes (P<0.0001, respectively). The mean Cmax for the clinical pharmacokinetic data were 26.8 ± 9.2, 37.6 ± 6.4, 44.3 ± 9.2 and 45.7 ± 6.9 in CYP2D6*wt/*wt, *wt/*10, *10/*10 and *5/*10 group, respectively. And the mean Cmax for the simulated pharmacokinetic data were 33.9, 42.5, 41.5 and 45.1 in CYP2D6*wt/*wt, *wt/*10, *10/*10 and *5/*10 group, respectively. According to the developed PBPK model of metoclopramide, the observed pharmacokinetic parameters of adults were all within model acceptance criterion, whereas in those of pediatric excluding CL/F met the acceptance criteria. In this study, we first attempted pharmacokinetics prediction of the CYP2D6 genotype of metoclopramide in adults and children using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. This PBPK model could be applied to personalized therapies to determine the appropriate dosage to minimize adverse effects in patients with functionally impaired CYP2D6 activity. So, this PBPK model will help make more effective and less risky clinical decisions in different CYP2D6 genotypes which will lead to a more successful stomach and esophageal problem management.Observed (circles) and simulated (lines) values of metoclopramide in relation to CYP2D6 genotype in populations. The dashed lines represent the 5th and 95th percentiles of model predicted plasma concentrations.Figure 1Individual values for Cmax (A) and AUC0–24hr (B) of metoclopramide in relation to CYP2D6 genotype groups. The horizontal bars are mean values for each genotype group.Figure 2
Alterations in Copper Homeostasis in Rabbit Model of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Hualin , Zhao Lijun , Feng Qipu , Kang Y. James 
Published: April 2020

Copper concentrations decrease in atherosclerotic tissues. The present study was undertaken to determine overall alterations in copper homeostasis in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. New Zealand white rabbits, aged 10‐weeks‐old, were fed a rodent chow diet containing 1% (w/w) cholesterol or the same diet without cholesterol as control. Twelve weeks after respective diet feeding, the animals were euthanatized by sodium pentobarbital. Rabbits fed cholesterol‐containing diet developed hyperlipemic as defined by a significant increase in the total plasma cholesterol and atherosclerotic lesions in aorta. Copper concentrations in the atherosclerotic tissues were significantly decreased while serum copper concentrations were increased in the hyperlipemic animals in comparison with controls. A detailed analysis revealed that copper concentration in abdominal aorta of the hyperlipemic rabbits was negatively correlated with the severity of the atherosclerotic lesion, stenosis of the lumen area, and collagen deposition. In addition, copper concentrations in the kidney of hyperlipemic rabbits were increased, but in the heart, liver, spleen and lung were decreased. These results suggest that in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, changes in copper homeostasis are not only observable in the atherosclerotic tissues, but also in multiple organ systems. These changes would be additive to atherosclerosis as a high risk of cardiovascular disease in humans.Support or Funding InformationWest China Hospital, Sichuan University(A) The percentage of the aortae staining positively for lipid(Longitudinal of suprarenal abdominal aortae was stained with oil red O). Sections of infrarenal abdominal aortae were stained with EVG for microscopic quantification of lesion areas, (B) the atherosclerotic lesion area and (C) the percent of stenosis of lumen area. Collagen fibers in the lesions were assessed by picrosirius red staining, the percent of Collagen in lesion area. (*P < 0.05)Figure 1The concentration of copper in tissues and plasma.(A) cardiac copper concentration; (B) liver copper concentration; (C) spleen copper concentration; (D) lung copper concentration; (E) kidney copper concentration; (F) duodenum copper concentration; (G) abdominal aortic copper; (H) plasma copper concentration. (*P < 0.05)Figure 2
Serum Copper Elevation Promotes Hepatic Ceruloplasmin Production and Excretion in Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Dan , Wang Tao , Zhang Jingyao , Kang Y. James 
Published: April 2020

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is a major copper‐binding protein in blood, regulating copper homeostasis. High levels of serum copper and Cp are both risk factors for coronary artery disease, particularly in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, the relationship between the changes in serum copper and Cp levels in response to myocardial ischemia remains unknown. It is known that myocardial ischemia causes copper efflux from the heart leading to copper elevation in the blood. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the elevation of serum copper leads to an increase in hepatic Cp production and excretion. Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction. Serum copper and Cp levels, as well as changes in hepatic Cp and copper‐transporting P‐type ATPase (ATP7B), were determined from blood and liver samples harvested on day 1, 4, or 7 after the operation. Serum copper concentrations were significantly increased on day 4 after LAD ligation, accompanied by an increase in serum Cp levels and activities. Concomitantly, the protein levels of Cp and copper exporter, ATP7B, were also significantly increased in the liver. Taken together, these results indicate that the elevated serum Cp levels mostly likely result from the increase in Cp production and excretion in the liver in response to the elevated serum copper levels following myocardial ischemia.Support or Funding InformationWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChanges in hepatic Cp levels. At the time of 1, 4 or 7 day after LAD ligation, the liver tissues were harvested for Western blot and mRNA analysis. (A–C) Changes in hepatic Cp protein levels. (D–E) Changes in the expression of Cp, measured by RT‐PCR. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n=5–6, *P < 0.05. LAD: left anterior descending; MI: myocardial infarction.Figure 1Changes in hepatic ATP7B levels. The sample preparation was as the same as presented in Figure 3. (A–C) Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein level at different time point. (D–E) Changes in the expression of ATP7B, measured by RT‐PCR. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n=4–6, *P < 0.05. MI: myocardial infarction.Figure 2