bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocyte-derived Macrophages: the Supplements of Hepatic Macrophage in Echinococcus Multilocularis Infected Mice
Authors: Li Bin , Qi Xinwei , Liu Yumei , Yan Yi , Shan Jiaoyu , Cai Xuanlin , Lv Jie , Zhou Xuan , Luo Li , Ma Xiumin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a potentially lethal zoonosis caused by the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis. The aim of this research is to investigate the dynamic changes of monocytes, macrophages and related cytokines in animal models of persistent infection of Echinococcus multilocularis, specifically exploring the possible immune changes in infection of Echinococcus multilocularis.Methods An infection model was established by intraperitoneal injection of a protoscolex suspension. The pathological changes of mice liver were observed by HE staining and the score scale of infection was established. The ratio of Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo Monocytes in peripheral blood of mice was detected by flow cytometry. The distribution and expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, iNOS, CD163 and CD11b in mouse liver were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α and Arg1 in mouse liver were detected by qRT-PCR. The expression levels of INF-γ, IL-17, IL-4 and IL-10 in peripheral blood of mice were detected by ELISA.Results The results of HE staining showed that significant lesions appeared in the later stages of infection in the liver. The results of the infection degree score scale showed that the severity score value increased with the prolongation of the infection time. The results of flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Ly6Chi monocytes in the peripheral blood of the experimental group mice was decreased after a brief rise, Ly6Clo monocytes decreased first and then increased. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, CD11b, CD163 and iNOS in the mice liver of the experimental group was increased. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of TNF-α and Arg1 mRNA in the liver of the experimental group mice increased. The results of ELISA showed that the expression level of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4 and IL-10 increased with the duration of infection.Conclusions Monocytes as a supplement to hepatic macrophage, monocytes and kupffer cells (KCs) both participate in Th1 and Th2 immune responses of the body by differentiating into M1 or M2 at different stages of Echinococcus multilocularis infection.
An Implementation History of Primary Health Care Transformation: Alberta’s Primary Care Networks and the People, Time and Culture of change
Authors: Leslie Myles , Khayatzadeh-Mahani Akram , Birdsell Judy , Forest PG , Henderson Rita , Gray Robin Patricia , Schraeder Kyleigh , Seidel Judy , Zwicker Jennifer , Green Lee A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Primary care, and its transformation into Primary Health Care (PHC), hasbecome an area of intense policy interest around the world. As part of this trendAlberta, Canada, has implemented Primary Care Networks (PCNs). These aredecentralized organizations, mandated with supporting the delivery of PHC, fundedthrough capitation, and operating as partnerships between the province’s healthcareadministration system and family physicians. This paper provides an implementationhistory of the PCNs, giving a detailed account of how people, time, and culturehave interacted to implement bottom up, incremental change in a predominantly Fee-For-Service (FFS) environment.Methods: Our implementation history is built out of an analysis of policy documentsand qualitative interviews. We conducted an interpretive analysis of relevant policydocuments (n=20) published since the first PCN was established. We then grounded12 semi-structured interviews in that initial policy analysis. These interviews explored11 key stakeholders’ perceptions of PHC transformation in Alberta generally, and theformation and evolution of the PCNs specifically. The data from the policy review andthe interviews were coded inductively, with participants checking our emerginganalyses. Results: Over time, the PCNs have shifted from an initial Frontier Era thatemphasized local solutions to local problems and featured few rules, to a present Eraof Accountability that features central demands for standardized measures,governance, and co-planning with other elements of the health system. A core groupof people – clinician and administration leaders – emerged to create the PCNs and,over time , to develop a long-term Quality Improvement (QI) vision and governanceplan for them as organizations. The continuing willingness of both these groups towork at understanding and aligning one another’s cultures to achieve thetransformation towards PHC has been central to the PCNs’ survival and success.Conclusions: Generalizable lessons from the implementation history of this emergingpolicy experiment include: The need for flexibility within a broad commitment toimproving quality. The importance of time for individuals and organizations to learnabout: quality improvement; one another’s cultures; and how best to support thetransformation of a system while delivering care locally.
Does the Medical Insurance System Play a Real Role in Reducing Catastrophic Economic Burden in Elderly Patients with Cardiovascular Disease in China? Implication for Accurately Targeting Vulnerable Characteristics.
Authors: Ma Meiyan , Li Ye , Wang Nianshi , Wu Qunhong , Jiao Mingli , Shan Linghan , Sun Tao , Li Heng , Gao Han , Fu Xuelian , Tian Wanxin , Xia Qi , Hao Yanhua , Shi Baoguo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The vulnerability of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients’ health abilities, combined with the severity of the disease and the overlapping risk factors, can cause such people to bear the economic burden of the disease due to the use of medical services.We estimated the economic burden of patients with CVD,and identified the weak link in the design of the medical insurance.Methods: Data from 5,610 middle-aged and elderly with CVD were drawn from the 2015 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The recommended method of the World Health Organization (WHO) was adopted to calculate catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), impoverishment by medical expenses (IME), and applied the treatment-effect model to analyze the determinants of CHE.Results: The incidence of CHE was 19.9% of the CVD, compared to 7.6% of the sample households trapped in IME. The incidence of CHE in CVD participating in medical insurance was 2.6% higher than for uninsured families (16.3%).Family size, health satisfaction,combine with other chronic diseases, having hospitalization and disabled members, and participating in insurance were found to be significantly associated with the likelihood of CHE.Conclusions: Elderly with physical vulnerabilities were more prone to CHE. The medical insurance only reduced barriers to accessing health resources for elderly with CVD, but lacked policy inclination for high-utilization populations,and had poorly accurate identification of vulnerable characteristics of CVD,which in turn affects the economic protection ability of the medical insurance. The dispersion between the multiple medical security systems leads to the existence of blind spots in the economic risk protection of individuals and families.
Quantitative analysis of differentially expressed proteins in psoriasis vulgaris using tandem mass tags and parallel reaction monitoring
Authors: Li Yu , Lin Peng , Wang Siyao , Li shuang , Wang Rui , Yang Lin , Wang Hongmei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPsoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with epidermal hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis.MethodsThe study was to elucidate the pathogenesis of PV by quantitative proteomic analysis of skin lesion biopsies of PV and healthy tissues with tandem mass tags (TMTs) coupled with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS.ResultsA total of 4562 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between PV lesional tissues (n = 11) and healthy tissues (n = 11) were identified, of which 299 were upregulated and 206 were downregulated using |fold change| > 1.3 as the cutoff threshold. The Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEPs were mainly enriched in the activation of immune cells (drug metabolism pathway, NOD-like pathway, and IL-17 pathway), cell proliferation (ribosomal pathway, DNA replication pathway, and base replication pathway), metabolism-related pathways (fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism, PPAR pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cortisol synthesis and breakdown), and glandular secretion (saliva secretion, gastric acid secretion, and pancreatic fluid secretion). Thirteen DEPs that were relatively highly expressed in the drug metabolism pathway were validated with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), of which MPO, TYMP, IMPDH2, GSTM4, and ALDH3A1 were highly expressed in PV, whereas CES1, MAOB, MGST1, and GSTT1 were less expressed in PV.ConclusionsThese findings confirmed that these proteins participate in the drug metabolism-other enzyme pathways and play crucial roles in the activation and proliferation of immune cells in the pathogenesis of PV.
Seasonal Variation in the Onset of Acute Calcific Tendinitis of Rotator Cuff
Authors: Furuhata Ryogo , Matsumura Noboru , Yoshiyama Akira , Kamata Yusaku , Takahashi Masaaki , Morioka Hideo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCalcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a common disorder that causes acute onset of shoulder pain when spontaneous resorption of the calcification occurs.However, factors that triggercalcium resorption have not been clarified. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the onset of calcium resorption in calcific tendinitis and the season of onset.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed200 patients (female, 120; male, 80; mean age, 62.8 ± 14.2 years) diagnosed with acute calcific tendinitis between 2006 and 2018. The onset date of acute calcific tendinitis for each patient was collected from clinical notes. The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis in each season and month and the correlation between the incidence of acute calcific tendinitis and the mean monthly temperature or humidity levels were evaluated.Results The most common season of acute calcific tendinitis onset was summer (35.5%), followed by spring (24.5%), autumn (24.0%), and winter (16.0%) (P = 0.002). Monthly analyses showed the highest peak of onset was in July (15.5%) and the lowest peak was in February (3.0%) (P = 0.018).The incidence of acute calcific tendinitis had a weak association with mean monthly temperature (R2 = 0.074; P = 0.001), but was not associated with mean monthly humidity levels (R2 = 0.024; P = 0.055).ConclusionsThis study provides new information on seasonal variation of acute calcific tendinitis onset. The results of this study indicated that the onset of calcium resorption occurs most frequently in the summer in Japan; however, the reasons for seasonal variation remain unclear, and further studies will be needed.
Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes to Combined Application of Phosphorus and Foliar Zinc Fertilizers in Central Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Hintsa Meresa , Abera Dereje Assefa , Yemane Yemane Tsehaye 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Adequate phosphorus (P) and foliar zinc (Zn) in groundnut required for obtaining Zn-enriched grain and optimum yield. However, it was very low in the area. Due to that, the study investigated the response of groundnut genotypes to combined application of phosphorus and zinc on yield and nutritional content. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Sheka-Tekli in 2017/18 cropping season. The treatments were consisted of three groundnut genotypes (ICGV00308, ICGV91114 and Sedi) as main plot and four combined (P with Zn) fertilizer levels (00(F 0 ), 10 kg P/ha +0.50 g Zn/L(F 1 ), 20 kg P/ha +1 g Zn/L(F 2 ) and 30 kg P/ha+1.5 g Zn/L(F 3 ) as sub plot was assigned in split plot design. Result: The genotype and combined fertilizer main effect had significance effect on days to 50% flowering and days to 50% maturity. They had also a significant effect on hundred seed weight and leaf length, respectively. Number of pods/plant, pod yield/ha, number of seeds/pod, seed yield kg/ha, shelling percentage, percentage of crude protein and fat content had significantly affected by interaction component. Most of the yield component traits showed a strong positive correlation with seed yield . The highest seed yield (2,529 kg/ha) and protein content (37.79%) was obtained from Sedi with F 3 fertilizer. While the lowest yield was recorded from ICGV00308genotype without fertilizer. The highest fat content (43.95%) had gained from the genotype ICGV00308 with F 3 . A significant MRR (380.58%) was obtained from genotype ICGV00308 with F 1 . In addition, ICGV00308 & sedi with F 3 is the greatest interaction for extract high fat and protein content, respectively. Conclusions: From the result of the study, application of PZn fertilizer increases yield of groundnut. Therefore, based on the MRR result genotype ICGV00308 with F 1 was the best combination to produce groundnut per unit investment in the study area.
Anxiety Prevalence and its Associated Factors Among University Students In Malaysia: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Mohd-Sidik Sherina , Akhtari-Zavare Mehrnoosh , Gani Norsidawati Abdul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health problems worldwide, including Malaysia. With the rising suicide rate nowadays, this issue has gained concern and attention from many, including experts and authorities globally. While average levels of anxiety motivate students to perform well in their studies, a high level of anxiety will significantly affect students' performance and self-esteem.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at selected government and private universities throughout Malaysia. A total of 1851 students participated in this study. The students were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires, which include information such as socio-demographic, academic, and psychosocial characteristics. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used to measure the prevalence of anxiety in this study. Chi-square analysis was conducted to find the relationship between the variables and anxiety, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors.
Results
The response rate was 97.90%, where 1821 out of 1860 students participated in the study. The prevalence of anxiety in this study was 29%. The data revealed that race, residency, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleeping quality, body mass index (BMI), academic year, the field of study, financial support for study and current living arrangement were found to be significantly associated with anxiety; with the academic year as the primary predictor.
Conclusions
Anxiety among university students in Malaysia is mainly impacted by the academic year. The findings highlight the current prevalence of anxiety among university students in Malaysia. The outcome of this study can serve as the evident baseline data and help with the development of specific interventions in addressing and managing the issue appropriately.
Plasma Proteomics Analysis for Screening Anlotinib Responders in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lu Jun , Zhang Wei , Zhang Lele , Lou Yuqing , Gu Ping , Nei Wei , Qian Jie , Xu Jun , Zhao Xiaodong , Zhong Hua , Wang Huimin , Han Baohui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Anlotinib has been demonstrated to be effective in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The underlying value of proteomics for anlotinib study remains unclear. Methods In this study, plasma samples from 28 anlotinib-treated NSCLC patients (including 14 responders and 14 non-responders) were performed proteomics analysis. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed on those samples with different time points including baseline, best response and progression disease. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to understand the underlying value of those differential proteins. Results Proteomics analysis suggested the differential proteins from responders after anlotinib administration potential play a role in the molecular mechanism characterization and biomarker screening. The differential proteins between responders and non-responders at baseline mainly contribute to biomarker screening. Integrative analysis indicated 43 proteins could be used as underlying biomarkers for clinical practice. Lastly, we selected ARHGDIB and demonstrated that it has potential predictive value for anlotinib. Conclusions This study not only offered the first insight that the proteomic technology potentially be used for anlotinib molecular mechanism characterization, but also provided a basis for anlotinb biomarker screening via proteomics in the future.
In Vivo Length Change of Ligaments of Normal Knees During Dynamic High Flexion
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Konda Shoji , Yamazaki Takaharu , Tanaka Sakae , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Tomita Tetsuya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNo studies compared the length change of ligaments of normal knees during dynamic activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo length change of ligaments of the normal knees during high flexion.MethodsEight normal knees were investigated. Each volunteer performed squatting, kneeling, and cross-leg motions. Each sequential motion was performed under fluoroscopic surveillance in the sagittal plane. The femoral, tibial, and fibular attachment areas of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL), superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were determined according to osseous landmarks. After 2D/3D registration, the direct distance from the femoral attachment to the tibial or fibular attachment was measured as the ligament length. ResultsFrom 20° to 90° withflexion, the ACL was significantly shorter during cross-leg motion than during squatting. For thePCL, dMCL, sMCL, and LCL, there were no significant differences among the 3 motions. ConclusionThe ACL was shorter during cross-leg motion than during squatting in mid-flexion. This suggests that the ACL is looser during cross-leg motion than during squatting. On the other hand, the length change of the PCL, MCL, and LCL did not change even though the high flexion motions were different.
Compared with Electric Cautery, Better Clinical Outcomes can be Obtained by using the Scalpel in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lin Wei , Dai Yike , Niu Jinghui , Yang Guangmin , Li Ming , Wang Fei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Whether using the scalpel can provide better and faster recovery during the primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still controversial. The aim of this research was to compare the clinical outcomes of using the scalpel and the electric cautery in primary TKA.Methods: From January 2016 to December 2017, a retrospective cohort study was conducted in 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using scalpel (group S). Duringthis period, we selected 313 patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA by using electric cautery (group E) for comparison. The tourniquet time, operative time, blood loss, wound complications, visual analog score for pain, range of motion, Knee Society Scorewere assessed between the two groups. The Forgotten Joint Scorewas used to analyze the ability to forget the joint.Results: There were no significant differences intourniquet time, operative time, blood loss between the two groups (p> 0.05). In the group S, the visual analog score for pain, range of motion, Knee Society Score were found better results at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months after surgery (p< 0.05). In addition, during the follow-up period, the Forgotten Joint Scorewas significantly higher compared with group E (p< 0.05).Conclusion: In this research, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel could achieved better clinical outcomes. In addition, if forgotten artificial joint after TKA was the final goal, the patients who underwent TKA by using the scalpel would acquired better quality of life.
Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio as A Complementary Biomarker of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Ye Yongyu , Gu Minghui , Chen Weishen , Xian Guoyan , Zheng Linli , Pan Baiqi , Zhang Ziji , Sheng Puyi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Diagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is challenging. No single biomarker can accurately recognize PJI preoperatively in a timely manner. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in aiding the diagnosis of PJI.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 109 patients who had undergone revision arthroplasty (77 with aseptic mechanic failure and 32 with PJI) from July 2011 to November 2018. Bivariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression was applied to compare NLR between two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic performance of NLR alone and in combination with C-reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR).Results: NLR was significantly higher in patients with PJI than in patients of the aseptic revision group (3.12 ± 2.45 vs. 2.10 ± 1.03, p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed that NLR had a sensitivity of 56.25% and a specificity of 80.52% with an optimal threshold of 2.52. The diagnostic performance of NLR alone was inferior to that of CRP and ESR as demonstrated by the area under curve, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio. When used in combination with CRP, the diagnostic performance was nearly equal to the combined performance of CRP and ESR or that of all three biomarkers (p > 0.05).Conclusions: NLR is associated with PJI and could be regarded as a complementary marker, which in combination with CRP could improve the diagnostic performance for PJI.