bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scheduled Empiric Antibiotics May Alter the Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Outcomes in Pediatric Intestinal Failure
Authors: Talathi Saurabh , Wilkinson Linda , Meloni Katie , Shroyer Michelle , Eipers Peter , Van Der Pol William J , Martin Colin , Dimmitt Reed , Yi Nengjun , Morrow Casey , Galloway David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aim to determine the effect of scheduled antibiotics on gut microbiome in pediatric intestinal failure (IF) and to evaluate the effect of the gut microbiome on nutrition outcomes in IF.MethodsFecal samples were collected at regular intervals from pediatric patients with IF for gut microbiome comparison between 2 cohorts: (group 1) those on scheduled prophylactic antibiotics and (group 2) those who were not on scheduled antibiotics. Gut microbiome composition and diversity were compared among the 2 cohorts. The association among gut microbiome composition, diversity, and nutrition outcomes (mainly ability to decrease parenteral nutrition [PN] energy requirement and ability to attain positive growth) was also determined.ResultsThe microbiome of patients with IF on scheduled antibiotics differed significantly from those not on scheduled antibiotics. Abundance of certain Gram‐negative and pathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Prevotella, and Sutterella) was higher in the scheduled cohort. Patients with decreased Enterobacteriaceae demonstrated a greater ability to demonstrate a reduction in PN requirement, as well as attain positive growth.ConclusionScheduled antibiotics may alter the gut microbiome in children IF, which in turn may have an influence on important nutrition outcomes in pediatric IF. Further larger, multicenter studies are needed to determine the effect of scheduled antibiotics on the gut microbiome in this patient population and their overall effect on nutrition outcomes.
Gynaecological morbidities among married women and husband’s behaviour: Evidence from a community‐based study
Authors: Ali Tazeen Saeed , Sami Neelofar , Saeed Adil Ali , Ali Parveen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the association between gynaecological morbidities and IPV among married women specifically, with attention to the attitudes of the husband and the degree of satisfaction in a marital relationship.DesignCross‐sectional study design.MethodsData were collected using face‐to‐face interviews with married women aged 15–49 years, living in selected communities. Information was collected on demographic characteristics, gynaecological morbidities and IPV using a self‐developed tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.ResultsLogistic Regression showed a significant association between physical violence and burning micturition, increased urinary frequency, constant dribbling of urine, genital ulcers, lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and painful coitus (OR: 1.41–1.84). A significant association between sexual and psychological abuse was also found with burning micturition (OR: 1.41) and dribbling of urine (OR: 0.12). Since gynaecological morbidities can have a serious effect on the psychological, physical well‐being, and the social status of women in Pakistan; effective interventions are imperative in dealing with their symptoms and decreasing their emergence.
Predicting Persistent Disabling Low Back Pain in Veterans Affairs Primary Care Using the STarT Back Tool
Authors: Kneeman Jacob , Battalio Samuel L. , Korpak Anna , Cherkin Daniel C. , Luo Gang , Rundell Sean D. , Suri Pradeep 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe Subgrouping for Targeted Treatment (STarT Back) is a stratified care approach to low back pain (LBP) treatment. The predictive validity of STarT Back in Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care has not been demonstrated.ObjectiveTo examine the validity of the STarT Back tool for predicting future persistent disabling LBP in VA primary care.DesignCohort study.SettingVA primary care in Washington State.ParticipantsVeterans seeking care for LBP in VA primary care clinics.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresThe STarT Back tool was used to classify Veterans according to their baseline risk group (low vs medium vs high). The primary study outcome, persistent disabling LBP, was defined as a Roland‐Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) score ≥ 7 at 6‐month follow‐up. Analyses examined discrimination and calibration of the baseline STarT Back risk groups for prediction of persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsOf the study sample, 9% were female and 80% reported longstanding LBP (>5 year duration). Among 538 participants, the baseline STarT Back risk groups were associated with future persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up. Within each baseline STarT Back risk group, the proportions with future persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up were 54% (low risk), 88% (medium risk), and 97% (high risk). The baseline STarT Back risk groups had useful discrimination (area under the curve [AUC] 0.79) for predicting future persistent disabling LBP, but the proportion of Veterans with persistent disabling LBP at 6‐month follow‐up was substantially higher than that observed in non‐VA primary care settings.ConclusionsThe STarT Back risk groups had useful discrimination (AUC = 0.79) for future persistent disabling LBP, but calibration was poor, underestimating the risk of persistent disabling LBP. The STarT Back tool may require updating for use in VA primary care.
MALDI‐IMS as a Tool to Determine the Myocardial Response to Syndecan‐2‐Selected Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Application in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pappritz Kathleen , Klein Oliver , Dong Fengquan , Hamdani Nazha , Kovacs Arpad , O'Flynn Lisa , Elliman Steve , O'Brien Timothy , Tschöpe Carsten , Van Linthout Sophie 
Published: October 2020

PurposeMesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an attractive tool for treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Syndecan‐2/CD362 has been identified as a functional marker for MSC isolation. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows for the characterization of therapeutic responses in the left ventricle. This study aims to investigate whether IMS can assess the therapeutic effect of CD362+‐selected MSC on early onset experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy.Experimental Design1 × 106 wild type (WT), CD362−, or CD362+ MSC are intravenously injected into db/db mice. Four weeks later, mice are hemodynamically characterized and subsequently sacrificed for IMS combined with bottom‐up mass spectrometry, and isoform and phosphorylation analyses of cardiac titin.ResultsOverall alterations of the cardiac proteome signatures, especially titin, are observed in db/db compared to control mice. Interestingly, only CD362+ MSC can overcome the reduced titin intensity distribution and shifts the isoform ratio toward the more compliant N2BA form. In contrast, WT and CD362− MSCs improve all‐titin phosphorylation and protein kinase G activity, which is reflected in an improvement in diastolic performance.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceIMS enables the characterization of differences in titin intensity distribution following MSC application. However, further analysis of titin phosphorylation is needed to allow for the assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of MSC.
Crystal structure of the giant panda MHC class I complex: First insights into the viral peptide presentation profile in the bear family
Authors: Yuan Hongyu , Ma Lizhen , Zhang Lijie , Li Xiaoying , Xia Chun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe viral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope peptides presented by classical MHC‐I molecules require the assembly of a peptide‐MHC‐I‐β2m (pMHC‐I) trimolecular complex for T cell receptor (TCR) recognition, which is the critical activation link for triggering antiviral T cell immunity. Research on T cell immunology in the Ursidae family, especially structural immunology, is still lacking. In this study, the structure of the key trimolecular complex pMHC‐I, which binds a peptide from canine distemper virus, was solved for the first time using giant panda as a representative species of Ursidae. The structural characteristics of the giant panda pMHC‐I complex (pAime‐128), including the unique pockets in the peptide‐binding groove (PBG), were analyzed in detail. Comparing the pAime‐128 to others in the bear family and extending the comparison to other mammals revealed distinct features. The interaction between MHC‐I and β2m, the features of pAime‐128 involved in TCR docking and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) binding, the anchor sites in the PBG, and the CTL epitopes of potential viruses that infect pandas were clarified. Unique features of pMHC‐I viral antigen presentation in the panda were revealed by solving the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of pAime‐128. The distinct characteristics of pAime‐128 indicate an unusual event that emerged during the evolution of the MHC system in the bear family. These results provide a new platform for research on panda CTL immunity and the design of vaccines for application in the bear family.
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain QST713 may contribute to the management of SDHI resistance in Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Samaras Anastasios , Hadjipetrou Chloe , Karaoglanidis George 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance of Botrytis cinerea to SDHI fungicides is widely distributed throughout the world and is associated with mutations in sdhB, differentially affecting mutant sensitivity to several succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI) and the fitness of the strains. This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 (Ba QST713) can be utilized in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs aiming to control grey mould and eliminate sdhB mutants (H272R/Y, N230I and P225F/H/L).RESULTSProtective and curative applications of Ba QST713 on artificially inoculated bean plants resulted in a significant reduction of disease incidence and severity. Competition experiments between sdhB mutants and wild‐type isolates conducted either in the absence of any treatment or in the presence of Ba QST713 or fluopyram showed a dominance of sensitive strains over the mutated strains on untreated and Ba QST713‐treated plants. Additionally, the efficacy of Ba QST713 in controlling grey mould and its effects on the selection of sdhB mutants was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. The applications of Ba QST713 in alternation schemes with fluopyram provided high control efficacy and reduced SDHI resistance frequency.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the study showed that Ba QST713 can contribute both to moderate/high levels of grey mould suppression and to a reduction in SDHI resistance frequency. Thus, Ba QST713 can be an efficient tool for SDHI resistance management of B. cinerea in the field. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of the δ2H values of high molecular weight lipids by high‐temperature gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Lengger Sabine K. , Weber Yuki , Taylor Kyle W.R. , Kopf Sebastian H. , Berstan Robert , Bull Ian D. , Mayser Jan‐Peter , Leavitt William D. , Blewett Jerome , Pearson Ann , Pancost Richard D. 
Published: October 2020

RationaleThe hydrogen isotopic composition of lipids (δ2Hlipid) is widely used in food science and as a proxy for past hydrological conditions. Determining the δ2H values of large, well‐preserved triacylglycerides and other microbial lipids, such as glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids, is thus of widespread interest but has so far not been possible due to their low volatility which prohibits analysis by traditional gas chromatography/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/P/IRMS).MethodsWe determined the δ2H values of large, polar molecules and applied high‐temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) methods on a modified GC/P/IRMS system. The system used a high‐temperature 7‐m GC column, and a glass Y‐splitter for low thermal mass. Methods were validated using authentic standards of large, functionalised molecules (triacylglycerides, TGs), purified standards of GDGTs. The results were compared with δ2H values determined by high‐temperature elemental analyser/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HTEA/P/IRMS), and subsequently applied to the analysis of GDGTs in a sample from a methane seep and a Welsh peat.ResultsThe δ2H values of TGs agreed within error between HTGC/P/IRMS and HTEA/IRMS, with HTGC/P/IRMS showing larger errors. Archaeal lipid GDGTs with up to three cyclisations could be analysed: the δ2H values were not significantly different between methods with standard deviations of 5 to 6 ‰. When environmental samples were analysed, the δ2H values of isoGDGTs were 50 ‰ more negative than those of terrestrial brGDGTs.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the HTGC/P/IRMS method developed here is appropriate to determine the δ2H values of TGs, GDGTs with up to two cyclisations, and potentially other high molecular weight compounds. The methodology will widen the current analytical window for biomarker and food light stable isotope analyses. Moreover, our initial measurements suggest that bacterial and archaeal GDGT δ2H values can record environmental and ecological conditions.
Optical Gain in Ultrathin Self‐Assembled Bi‐Layers of Colloidal Quantum Wells Enabled by the Mode Confinement in their High‐Index Dielectric Waveguides
Authors: Foroutan‐Barenji Sina , Erdem Onur , Gheshlaghi Negar , Altintas Yemliha , Demir Hilmi Volkan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates an ultra‐thin colloidal gain medium consisting of bi‐layers of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) with a total film thickness of 14 nm integrated with high‐index dielectrics. To achieve optical gain from such an ultra‐thin nanocrystal film, hybrid waveguide structures partly composed of self‐assembled layers of CQWs and partly high‐index dielectric material are developed and shown: in asymmetric waveguide architecture employing one thin film of dielectric underneath CQWs and in the case of quasi‐symmetric waveguide with a pair of dielectric films sandwiching CQWs. Numerical modeling indicates that the modal confinement factor of ultra‐thin CQW films is enhanced in the presence of the adjacent dielectric layers significantly. The active slabs of these CQW monolayers in the proposed waveguide structure are constructed with great care to obtain near‐unity surface coverage, which increases the density of active particles, and to reduce the surface roughness to sub‐nm scale, which decreases the scattering losses. The excitation and propagation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) along these active waveguides are experimentally demonstrated and numerically analyzed. The findings of this work offer possibilities for the realization of ultra‐thin electrically driven colloidal laser devices, providing critical advantages including single‐mode lasing and high electrical conduction.
Multidimensional Anisotropic Architectures on Polymeric Microparticles
Authors: Agusil Juan Pablo , Arjona María Isabel , Duch Marta , Fusté Naüm , Plaza José A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNext generation life science technologies will require the integration of building blocks with tunable physical and chemical architectures at the microscale. A central issue is to govern the multidimensional anisotropic space that defines these microparticle attributes. However, this control is limited to one or few dimensions due to profound fabrication tradeoffs, a problem that is exacerbated by miniaturization. Here, a vast number of anisotropic dimensions are integrated combining SU‐8 photolithography with (bio)chemical modifications via soft‐lithography. Microparticles in a 15‐D anisotropic space are demonstrated, covering branching, faceting, fiducial, topography, size, aspect ratio, stiffness, (bio)molecular and quantum dot printing, top/bottom surface coverage, and quasi‐0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D surface patterning. The strategy permits controlled miniaturization on physical dimensions below 1 µm and molecular patterns below 1 µm2. By combining building blocks, anisotropic microparticles detect pH changes, form the basis for a DNA‐assay recognition platform, and obtain an extraordinary volumetric barcoding density up to 1093 codes µm−3 in a 3 × 12 × 0.5 µm3 volume.
A Strategy for Tumor Targeting by Higher‐Order Glycan Pattern Recognition: Synthesis and In Vitro and In Vivo Properties of Glycoalbumins Conjugated with Four Different N‐Glycan Molecules
Authors: Smirnov Ivan , Sibgatullina Regina , Urano Sayaka , Tahara Tsuyoshi , Ahmadi Peni , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Pradipta Ambara R. , Kurbangalieva Almira , Tanaka Katsunori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural glycoconjugates that form glycocalyx play important roles in various biological processes based on cell surface recognition through pattern recognition mechanisms. This work represents a new synthesis‐based screening strategy to efficiently target the cancer cells by higher‐order glycan pattern recognition in both cells and intact animals (mice). The use of the very fast, selective, and effective RIKEN click reaction (6π‐azaelectrocyclization of unsaturated imines) allows to synthesize and screen various structurally well‐defined glycoalbumins containing two and eventually four different N‐glycan structures in a very short time. The importance of glycan pattern recognition is exemplified in both cell‐ and mouse‐based experiments. The use of pattern recognition mechanisms for cell targeting represents a novel and promising strategy for the development of diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic agents for various diseases including cancers.
Structural Engineering of SnS2Encapsulated in Carbon Nanoboxes for High‐Performance Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries Anodes
Authors: Sun Qing , Li Deping , Dai Linna , Liang Zhen , Ci Lijie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConversion‐alloying type anode materials like metal sulfides draw great attention due to their considerable theoretical capacity for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, poor conductivity, severe volume change, and harmful aggregation of the material during charge/discharge lead to unsatisfying electrochemical performance. Herein, a facile and green strategy for yolk–shell structure based on the principle of metal evaporation is proposed. SnS2nanoparticle is encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanobox (SnS2@C). The carbon nanoboxes accommodate the volume change and aggregation of SnS2during cycling, and form 3D continuous conductive carbon matrix by close contact. The well‐designed structure benefits greatly in conductivity and structural stability of the material. As expected, SnS2@C exhibits considerable capacity, superior cycling stability, and excellent rate capability in both SIBs and PIBs. Additionally, in situ Raman technology is unprecedentedly conducted to investigate the phase evolution of polysulfides. This work provides an avenue for facilely constructing stable and high‐capacity metal dichalcogenide based anodes materials with optimized structure engineering. The proposed in‐depth electrochemical measurements coupled with in situ and ex situ characterizations will provide fundamental understandings for the storage mechanism of metal dichalcogenides.
Seismic experiment and performance index studies on recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube frames infilled with recycled hollow block filler walls
Authors: Meng Ercong , Yu Yalin , Zhang Xianggang , Su Yisheng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo study the seismic behavior of recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube (RACFST) frames infilled with recycled hollow block filler walls (RHBFW), four frame specimens were designed subjected to low cycle loading experiments. Through the test, the failure process and pattern of specimens were observed and the seismic performance indexes were obtained. The results show that the hysteretic curves of RACFST frames infilled with RHBFW are full; the equivalent viscous damping coefficientsheof specimens when destroyed both exceed 0.2, and the interlayer displacement angle is between 1/34 and 1/33 when destroyed, meaning the frame structures having good energy dissipation and good collapse resistance abilities. The RAC beam section height has little effect on the ductility and stiffness degradation of specimens; however, the bearing capacities of specimens increase gradually with the increase of beam section height. The existence of RHBFW can be the first seismic defense line of RACFST frames, and they can improve the ductility of specimens, as well as the bearing capacities and initial elastic stiffness. Before RHBFW failed, the specimens with filler wall have better energy dissipation abilities than those without filler wall. After RHBFW failed, the specimens without filler wall have better energy dissipation abilities than those with filler wall.
Perinatal outcome after planned vaginal delivery in monochorionic compared with dichorionic twin pregnancy
Authors: Schmitz T. , Korb D. , Azria E. , Garabédian C. , Rozenberg P. , Sénat M. V. , Sentilhes L. , Vayssière C. , Winer N. , Goffinet F. ,   for the JUmeaux MODe d'Accouchement (JUMODA) Study Group and the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG)
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess, according to chorionicity, the perinatal outcome of twin pregnancy in which vaginal delivery is planned.MethodsJUMODA (JUmeaux MODe d'Accouchement) was a national prospective population‐based cohort study of twin pregnancies, delivered in 176 maternity units in France, from February 2014 to March 2015. In this planned secondary analysis, we assessed, according to chorionicity, the perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies, in which vaginal delivery was planned, that delivered at or after 32 weeks of gestation with the first twin in cephalic presentation. In order to select a population with well‐recognized indications for planned vaginal delivery, we applied the same exclusion criteria as those in the Twin Birth Study, an international randomized trial. Monochorionic twin pregnancies with twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome or twin anemia–polycythemia sequence were defined as complicated and were excluded. The primary outcome was a composite of intrapartum mortality and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to control for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to birth order (first or second twin) and gestational age at delivery (< 37 or ≥ 37 weeks of gestation).ResultsAmong 3873 twin pregnancies, in which vaginal delivery was planned, that delivered at ≥ 32 weeks' gestation with the first twin in cephalic presentation, meeting the inclusion criteria of the Twin Birth Study, 729 (18.8%) were uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies and 3144 (81.2%) were dichorionic twin pregnancies. The rate of composite intrapartum mortality and neonatal morbidity and mortality did not differ between uncomplicated monochorionic (27/1458 (1.9%)) and dichorionic (107/6288 (1.7%)) twin pregnancies when adjusting for conception by assisted reproductive technologies (adjusted relative risk, 1.07 (95% CI, 0.66–1.75)). No significant difference in the primary outcome was found between the groups on subgroup analyses according to birth order and gestational age at delivery.ConclusionWhen vaginal delivery is planned, and delivery occurs at ≥ 32 weeks of gestation with the first twin in cephalic presentation, uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancy is not associated with a higher rate of composite intrapartum mortality and neonatal morbidity and mortality compared with dichorionic twin pregnancy. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology