bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dropout risks of medical students
Authors: Pusztai Gabriella , Dinyáné Szabó Marianna , Dinya Elek Dr. , Szemerszki Marianna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background The moderation of student dropout is an important aim in the medical training that requires significant resources from individual and national economy points of view. Hungarian medical training has high quality and strong international attraction, although students are exposed to significant stress in the extremely selective and strict training at the beginning, and their professional identity is being shaped between crises. Learning progress is often hampered by recurring exams and grade retentions. Methods In our Study we are going to examine the dropout behaviour of medical students. During our research, the national higher education statistics are being analysed based on the data base of medical students who started in 2010 (N = 977). The question of research is how the rate of dropout people who has finished or exceeded the 6-year long training is forming and what kind of factors limit the risk of dropout. Results Our results indicate that only half of the applicants get admitted to medical training. Half of the admitted applicants could continue without failing, but 30% of them could not obtain absulotorium after 14 semesters. Dropout students are characterized by the early slow-up of their credit accumulations and by making their status passive, which is the shorter-longer termination of their studies. 83.6% of students started in 2010 has been studying in state financed course, and 8% of them has been studying in a self-financed course. 9.4% of state-financed students were dropped out while this rate was 50% from the self-financed course of students. Conclusion According to our consequences, dropout risk can be increased by low credit numbers, passive semesters and the tuition-based financing forms, although dormitory placement can be an advantage.
Transitional Care for Patients with Cirrhosis: a Multidisciplinary Care Model for Prevention Complications Post-TIPS
Authors: Hou Weiwei , Xu Yin , Wan Qijiang , Fei Xiaoyan , Qian Gui-xiang , Jun Chen , Chen Wang , Liu Jiangwen , Wang Zhongmin , Yang Rumei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of transitional care interventions of multidisciplinary teams for patients with cirrhosis post-TIPS. METHODS 68 patients undergone TIPS were randomly allocated to control or intervention group. Patients in control group received conventional care, patients in the intervention group received conventional care combined with transitional care. The compliance behavior, incidence of HE and shunt dysfunction, Child-Pugh scores and ammonia of two groups were compared at 1, 3, 6 and 12 month post-TIPS. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant group effects from 1, 3, 6 and 12 month post-TIPS for compliance behavior scores of the two groups. Intervention group had significant higher compliance behavior scores than control group 1, 3 and 6 month post-TIPS respectively. The incidences of HE the intervention group were significantly lower than control group 12 months after TIPS. The incidences of shunt dysfunction in the intervention group were significantly lower than control group 12 months after TIPS. The group effects, time effects and group*time interaction showed no significant difference in Child-Pugh scores and blood ammonia between the two groups. CONCLUSION Post-TIPS transitional care interventions increase the accessibility of patients to scientifically informed nursing, significantly improve patients’ compliance behavior and health, decrease the incidence of HE and shunt dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: NCT02877953(08/23/2016) KEY WORDS Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS); Transitional care; Compliance behaviors; Hepatic function.
A coarse-graining, ultrametric approach to resolve the phylogeny of prokaryotic strains with frequent homologous recombination
Authors: Pang Tin Yau 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: A frequent event in the evolution of prokaryotic genomes is homologous recombination, where a foreign DNA stretch replaces a genomic region similar in sequence. Recombination can affect the relative position of two genomes in a phylogenetic reconstruction in two different ways: (i) one genome can recombine with a DNA stretch that is similar to the other genome, thereby reducing their pairwise sequence divergence; (ii) one genome can recombine with a DNA stretch from an outgroup genome, increasing the pairwise divergence. While several recombination-aware phylogenetic algorithms exist, many of these cannot account for both types of recombination; some algorithms can, but do so inefficiently. Moreover, many of them reconstruct the ancestral recombination graph (ARG) to help infer the genome tree, and require that a substantial portion of each genome has not been affected by recombination, a sometimes unrealistic assumption.Results: Here, we propose a coarse-graining approach for phylogenetic reconstruction (CGP), which is recombination-aware but forgoes ARG reconstruction, applicable even if all genomic regions have experienced substantial amounts of recombination, and can be used on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. CGP considers the local density of substitutions along pairwise genome alignments, fitting a model to the empirical distribution of substitution density to infer the pairwise coalescent time. Given all pairwise coalescent times, CGP reconstructs an ultrametric tree representing vertical inheritance. Based on simulations, we show that the proposed approach can reconstruct ultrametric trees with accurate topology, branch lengths, and root positioning. Applied to a set of E. coli strains, the reconstructed trees are most consistent with gene distributions when inferred from amino acid sequences, a data type that cannot be utilized by many alternative approaches.Conclusions The CGP algorithm is more accurate than alternative recombination-aware methods for ultrametric phylogenetic reconstructions.
The Impact of Educational Intervention by Theory of Planned Behavior for Promoting Physical Activity among Middle-Aged Women Referring to Karaj Health Centers
Authors: Mirzaei Elham , Azar Farbod Ebadi Fard , Ziapour Arash , Azadi Nammam Ali , Qorbani Mostafa , Safari Omid , Mansourian Morteza 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims Physical activity is the most critical determinant of physical health which reduces the health risks during life. This designed study aims to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting physical activity among middle-aged women attending the health centers in Karaj city during 2017-2018. Methods This research was a quasi-experimental controlled trial, and the study incorporated 140 Middle-Aged Women Referring to Karaj Health Centers assigned randomly to a control and intervention group (70 each group). Participants enrolling in the survey were asked to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and also the theory of planned behavior measures at the baseline and the end of the study. The study applied Nonparametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests and ANCOVA to interpret the results. Results The results revealed participants' age range between 30 to 50 years with the mean and standard deviation scores 40.07 (8.750) in training and 45.81 (8.513) at the control group. The intervention improved the theory of planned behavior measures and the physical activities of participants. The results showed a significant difference in the attitude score, the perceived behavioral control score, and the level of subjective norms between two training and non-training groups (P<0.001). The followed-up physical activity score also showed an improvement in the IPAQ score of participants in the training group (p<0.001). Conclusions The findings suggested the effectiveness of training based on the theory of planned behavior in the promotion of physical activity among middle-aged women.
THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PREECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING BANADIR AND MEDINA HOSPITALS IN MOGADISHU-SOMALIA
Authors: jama Abdinasir Abdullahi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and kidneys. It occurs as early as 20 weeks of the pregnancyAim the aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude towards preeclampsia among pregnant women attending Banadir and Medina hospitals in Mogadishu-Somalia.Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Mogadishu Somalia. Systematic random sampling probability technique was carried out in 2 hospitals to recruited 384 women. Well-structured questionnaires were filled by participants who gave their consent. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences version 21. Descriptive data were generated and statistical inferences tested using the chi-square method with the level of significance set at 5%.Result The age of the respondents was between to14-50 with a mean age of the 32.49±5.9.the found that 54.3% of the participant were don’t know the preeclampsia. The women know poor diet as a cause of the preeclampsia, final the prevalence of preeclampsia in Banadir state, Somalia was 43%.Conclusion: The study recommended to the government of Somalia to generate both health education to the pregnant mother and increase the level of education of mother by offering free education to the women, in Somalia.
Commercial 4-Dimensional Echocardiography for Murine Heart Volumetric Evaluation after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rutledge Cody A , Cater George , McMahon Brenda , Guo Lanping , Wu Yijen , Villanueva Flordeliza , Kaufman Brett A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Traditional preclinical echocardiography (ECHO) modalities, including 1-dimensional motion-mode (M-Mode) and 2-dimensional long axis (2D-US), rely on geometric and temporal assumptions about the heart for volumetric measurements. Surgical animal models, such as the mouse coronary artery ligation (CAL) model of myocardial infarction, result in morphologic changes that do not fit these geometric assumptions. New ECHO technology, including 4-dimensional ultrasound (4D-US), improves on these traditional models. This paper aims to compare commercially available 4D-US to M-mode and 2D-US in a mouse model of CAL.Methods: 37 mice underwent CAL surgery, of which 32 survived to a 4 week post-operative time point. ECHO was completed at baseline, 1 week, and 4 weeks after CAL. M-mode, 2D-US, and 4D-US were taken at each time point and evaluated by two separate echocardiographers. At 4 weeks a subset of mice underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to serve as a reference standard. End systolic volume (ESV), end diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were compared between imaging modalities. Hearts were also collected for histologic evaluation of scar size and compared to wall motion severity index (WMSI).Results: 4D-US provides closer agreement of ESV (Bias: -2.55%) and EF (US Bias: 11.23%) 4 weeks after CAL when compared to CMR, outperforming 2D-US and M-mode estimations. 4D-US is also more reliable than other modalities when estimating EDV (r=0.88), ESV (r=0.86) and EF (r=0.74) at 1 week when compared to 4 week imaging. 4D-US also allows for rapid assessment of WMSI, which correlates strongly with infarct size by histology (r=0.77).Conclusion: 4D-US outperforms M-Mode and 2D-US for volumetric analysis 4 weeks after CAL. 4D-US also provides more reliable measurements at 1 week after CAL and has less inter-user variability that other modalities. 4D-US allows for rapid calculation of WMSI, which correlates well with histologic scar size.
Combining visual rating scales of medial temporal lobe atrophy and posterior atrophy to identify amnestic mild cognitive impairment from cognitively normal older adults: evidence based on two datasets
Authors: Sheng Can , Sun Yu , Wang Min , Wang Xiaoni , Liu Yi , Pang Dongqing , Liu Jiaqi , Bi Xiaoxia , Du Wenying , Zhao Mingyan , Li Yuxia , Li Xiaobo , Jiang Jiehui , Han Ying 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based visual rating scales are considered as the primary method for rapid and cost-effective evaluation of regional brain atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in routine clinical practice. Both medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) and posterior atrophy (PA) visual rating scales have been reported to be useful in AD diagnosis. However, very few existing studies have investigated the efficacy of combined MTA and PA for identification of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from cognitively normal elderly.Methods: This study included T1-weighted MRI images acquired inXuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China from two different cohorts. In the first cohort, we recruited 73 patients with aMCI and 48 group-matched cognitively normal controls for the training and validation. Visual assessments of MTA and PA, including left MTA, right MTA, mean MTA, left PA, right PA and mean PA, were carried out from each participant. Global gray matter (GM) volume and density was estimated using voxel-based morphometry analysis as the objective reference. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we investigated the discriminative power of single visual rating scale and the combination of MTA and PA for successful classification between the two diagnostic groups, respectively, and then compared them to GM measures. The second cohort, consisted of 33 aMCI patients and 45 NCs, was used to verify the reliability of the discriminative power of visual assessments.Results: In the first cohort, visual rating scales of MTA and PA showed different potential to distinguish aMCI from controls. Moreover, the combination of MTA and PA exhibited the best discriminative power, with the AUC of 0.818 ± 0.041, which was similar to the diagnostic accuracy of GM volumetric measures (0.857 ± 0.034). The discriminative power was verified in the second cohort when combining MTA and PA visual rating scales, with the AUC of 0.824 ± 0.058.Conclusion: The combined visual rating scales of MTA and PA demonstrated practical diagnostic values for distinguishing aMCI patients from controls, suggesting its potential to serve as a convenient and reproducible method to assess the degree of atrophy in the clinical setting.
The influence of system settings on positioning accuracy in acoustic telemetry, using the YAPS algorithm.
Authors: Vergeynst Jenna , Baktoft Henrik , Mouton Ans , De Mulder Tom , Nopens Ingmar , Pauwels Ine 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Acoustic positioning telemetry allows to collect large amounts of data on the movement of aquatic animals by use of autonomous receiver stations. Essential in this process is the conversion from raw signal detections to reliable positions. A new advancement in the domain is YAPS (Yet Another Positioning Solver), which combines the detection data on the hydrophones with a model of animal movement. This transparent, flexible and on-line available positioning algorithm overcomes problems related to traditional point-by-point positioning and filtering techniques. However, its performance has only been tested on data from one telemetry system, providing transmitters with stable burst interval. To investigate the performance of YAPS on different system parameters and settings, we conducted a simulation study.Results: This paper discusses the effect of varying burst types, burst intervals, number of observations, reflectivity levels of the environment, levels of out-of-array positioning and temporal hydrophone resolution on positioning accuracy. We found that a hydrophone resolution better than 1~ms is required for accurate fine-scale positioning. The positioning accuracy of YAPS increases with decreasing burst intervals, especially when the number of observations is low, when reflectivity is high or when information out-of-array is used. However, when the burst interval is stable, large burst intervals (in the order of 1 to 2 minutes) can be chosen without strongly hampering the accuracy (although this results in information loss). With random burst intervals, the accuracy can be much improved if the random sequence is known.Conclusions: As it turns out, the key to accurate positioning is the burst type. If a stable burst interval is not possible, the availability of the random sequence improves the positioning of random burst interval data significantly.
Determination and Identification of Important and Influential Nodes Involved in the Pathology of Escherichia Coli Using Improved TOPSIS Method
Authors: minaei zohreh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Various disciplines are trying to solve one of the most noteworthy queries and broadly used concepts in biology, essentiality. Centrality is a primary index and a promising method for identifying essential nodes, particularly in biological networks. Thus, important nodes of the network can be identified by analyzing some of the centrality extracted from the network. In this paper, we aim to identify the important proteins in the Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) network based on extraction of centralities. During these operations, centralities such as degree of centrality, betweeness, laplacian and closeness, are considered as node's important indicators. Finally the important nodes will be determined based on the centrality and Technique for order performance by similarity (TOPSIS) method. After performing the weighted TOPSIS simulation and obtaining the output result, it was found that the proposed hybrid system is able to place 74 and 99 important nodes between the top 100 and 150 nodes, respectively. Finally, the results of this study are compared with other similar studies.
Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life in Elderly Diabetic Patients
Authors: Moradi Farideh , Tourani Sogan , Ziapour Arash , Abbas Jaffar , hematti Maryam , Moghadam Elham Jamshidi , Aghili Amin , Ali Soroush 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Coordination of various physical and mental aspects of individuals, including the ability to control difficult conditions and situations has an effect in the prevention and development of various diseases, such as diabetes, and the improvement of the quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of emotional intelligence on the quality of life of elderly diabetic patients. Methods: The statistical population in this cross-sectional study consisted of elderly people referred to the health centers of Kermanshah province in western Iran, who were divided via available sampling into two groups with diabetes and without diabetes. Data gathering tools were a couple of LIPAD Quality of Life and Shrink Emotional Intelligence standard questionnaires. The Data was analysed using software SPSS, 23 th version. Results: The studied persons were divided into two groups of diabetic with 63 people (8.48%) and non-diabetic with 66 people (2.51%). Most of them were male and the mean age of the patients was 65/01 ± 6.08 years old and married. The quality of life score in diabetics and non-diabetics was respectively 51.9 and 50.37 with a standard deviation of 17.73 and 20.54. The mean total score of emotional intelligence in the elderly with diabetes was 99.42 with a standard deviation of 10.37 and non-diabetic subjects were 97.18 with a standard deviation of 18.49. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the mean scores of quality of life (.652) and emotional intelligence (.421) in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. But, the emotional intelligence has an effect on the quality of life of the elderly people.
High-throughput three-dimensional visualization of root system architecture of rice using X-ray computed tomography
Authors: Teramoto Shota , Takayasu Satoko , Kitomi Yuka , Arai-Sanoh Yumiko , Tanabata Takanari , Uga Yusaku 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Plants adjust their root system architecture (RSA) against changing environments to optimize their growth. Nondestructive phenotyping of roots beneath the soil not only reveal the response of RSA against environmental stimuli but also allow for designing an ideal RSA for crop cultivation. Generally, roots beneath the soil surface are three-dimensionally visualized using X-ray computed tomography (CT). However, root isolation from X-ray CT images involves a longer time; in addition, CT scanning and reconstruction processes require longer periods. For large-scale root phenotyping, a shorter image acquisition time is required. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a high-throughput pipeline to visualize rice RSA consisting of radicle and crown roots in the soil, from X-ray CT images.Results: We performed the following three processes to develop the pipeline. First, we used calcined clay with uniform soil particle size as the soil substrate. The size of voids between the soil particles was less than the scanning resolution, resulting in a clear root shape in the CT images. Second, we optimized the parameters for rapid X-ray CT scanning. Higher tube voltage and current produced the highest root-to-soil contrast images. Third, we used a 3-D median filter to reduce noise, and an edge detection alogism to isolate the root segments. The detection limits of the root diameters of the pots of diameters 16 cm and 20 cm were 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively. Because the crown root diameter of rice is generally higher than 0.2 mm, almost all crown roots could be visualized. Our condition allows for simultaneously performing CT scanning and reconstruction by a high-performance computing technology. Consequently, our pipeline visualizes rice RSA in the soil, requiring less than 10 min (33 s, if a rough image is acceptable) for CT scanning and reconstruction, and 2 min for image processing to visualize rice RSA. We scanned the roots of the upland rice (considered in this study) daily, and our pipeline successfully visualized the root development dynamics over three weeks. Conclusions: We developed a rapid three-dimensional visualization method to visualize rice RSA in the soil using X-ray CT and a fully automated-image processing method known as RSAvis3D. Our methodology allows for high-throughput measuring and requires no manual operators in image processing, thereby providing a potentially efficient large-scale root phenotyping.
Deciphering the genetics basis of lodging resistance in wild rice O. longistaminata
Authors: Long Weixiong , Dan Dong , Yuan Zhengqing , Chen Yunping , Jin Jie , Yang Weilong , Zhang Zhihong , Li Nengwu , Li Shaoqing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The abuse of fertilizer results in tall rice plants that are susceptible to lodging and reduced plant yield. Hence, it is important to identify and utilize the QTLs/genes for lodging resistance breeding. O. longistaminata exhibited a strong stem and high biomass productively, which could be the candidate gene pool for cultivars lodging resistance improvement. However, most of previous studies have focused on cultivated rice and few reports on wild rice. Here, a set of 152 BC 2 F 20 lines derived from a cross between 93-11 and O. longistaminata were evaluated for lodging resistance. QTL mapping analysis combined with SNP marker derived from high-throughput sequencing identified 12 QTLs for stem diameter (SD), 11 QTLs for stem length (SL) and 3 QTLs for breaking strength (BS). Of which, 14 QTLs were firstly identified from O. longistaminata. A major QTL, qLR1 which was delimited to a region about 80 Kb on chromosome 1, increased stem diameter, stem length and breaking strength. And another major QTL, qLR8 that was delimited in an interval about 100 Kb on chromosome 8, significantly enhanced the breaking strength. These results provide evidence that the O. longistaminata can be exploited to develop lodging resistant rice lines.