bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic constipation and abdominal pain: Independent or closely interrelated symptoms?
Authors: Wong May Y W , Hebbard Geoffrey , Gibson Peter R , Burgell Rebecca E 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConstipation is both a symptom and a disorder, seen in both functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation predominance (IBS‐C). Despite the Rome IV criteria distinguishing between these conditions, they share many therapeutic approaches. This review aims to explore the relationship between constipation and abdominal pain and assess the evidence surrounding whether laxation improves abdominal pain and whether such a response to laxation differs between IBS‐C and functional constipation. In patients with functional constipation, increasing frequency of bowel motions by laxatives regardless of mechanism of action is associated with reductions in the severity of abdominal pain, supporting the role of constipation as a contributor to abdominal discomfort. In patients with IBS‐C, evidence from systematic reviews indicates that abdominal pain is driven by factors additional to constipation alone and that visceral analgesic modulation is also needed to optimize pain. Changing definitions of IBS‐C and heterogeneity in clinical trial design including endpoints have raised uncertainty about the comparative ability of older laxatives without known neuromodulatory effects to improve chronic abdominal pain compared with new secretagogues and prokinetics for the management of IBS‐C. While it is known that abdominal pain is associated with constipation and laxation contributes to relief of that pain, it remains unproven whether proposed visceral analgesic properties of new laxatives provide greater pain relief than laxation alone. However, it is likely that the response to laxation in IBS‐C is only part of the puzzle.
Anticoagulating Budd–Chiari syndrome patients presenting with variceal bleed: A retrospective study
Authors: Sharma Anand , Goel Ashish , Moses Vinu , Keshava Shyamkumar Nidugala , Zachariah Uday George , Elias Elwyn , Eapen Chundamannil Eapen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThis aims to study incidence of re‐bleeding on anticoagulation and survival of Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients presenting with variceal bleeding.MethodsBudd–Chiari syndrome patients presenting with variceal bleed between 01/01/2007 and 01/05/2019 were retrospectively studied. Patients underwent endoscopic treatment ± endovascular therapy, followed by anticoagulation. Variceal re‐bleed (on anticoagulation) and survival were studied.ResultsOf 376 BCS patients diagnosed during the study period, 40 (10.7%) patients, presenting with variceal bleed (age 33 [25–40] years; male patients 70%; Rotterdam score 1.13 [0.63–1.22]), Group 1 were compared with 40 randomly selected age‐matched BCS patients presenting with ascites, no bleeds (40 [23–42] years; male patients 42.5%; Rotterdam score 1.11 [1.09–1.16]), Group 2. The commonest site of obstruction was hepatic vein (65%) in Group 1 and combined hepatic veins and inferior vena cava (57.5%) in Group 2 (P < 0.01). Thirty‐six Group 1 patients underwent endoscopic intervention (variceal ligation, 33; sclerotherapy, 2; glue injection, 1). Endovascular intervention was performed in 30 Group 1 patients (angioplasty ± stent, 22; endovascular shunt, 8) and in 34 Group 2 patients (angioplasty ± stent, 26; endovascular shunt, 8). All 80 patients were started on anticoagulation. Variceal bleed on anticoagulation occurred in five patients in Group 1 and three patients in Group 2. One‐year and 5‐year survival were 94.2% and 87.5%, respectively, in Group 1 and 100% and 80%, respectively, in Group 2.ConclusionsAbout one‐tenth of BCS patients present with variceal bleed. On management with endoscopic ± endovascular therapy, followed by anticoagulation, variceal re‐bleed in these patients were comparable with those in BCS patients presenting with ascites and survival was excellent at 1 and 5 years.
Efficacy of fully covered self‐expandable metal stents for the management of pancreatic duct strictures in chronic pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Song Shuai‐Ling , Xiao Li‐Na , Wang Chun‐Hui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimRecently, there has been burgeoning interest in the utilization of fully covered self‐expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) for managing main pancreatic duct strictures (MPDS) in chronic pancreatitis (CP). The primary aim was to investigate stricture resolution and recurrence rates of FCSEMS placement in patients with symptomatic CP complicated with MPDS.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library (up to December 2019) were searched to identify eligible studies. A meta‐analysis of stricture resolution and recurrence rates was carried out using R. The crude rate of adverse events related to stent therapy was also calculated.ResultsTen studies involving 163 patients were included. The weighted pooled rate of MPDS resolution was 93% (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 84–99%) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 63%). Duration of stent placement more than 3 months did not result in a significantly higher resolution rate than that of 3 months or less (93% vs 93%, P = 0.91). The weighted pooled rate of stricture recurrence was 5% (95%CI: 0–12%). The stricture recurrence rate for patients with duration of stent placement more than 3 months (3%; 95%CI: 0–10%) was lower than that in patients with 3 months or less of stent placement (7%; 95%CI: 0–23%), but not significantly (P = 0.45). The overall rate of adverse events related to stent therapy was 34.9%, and spontaneous stent migration occurred in 14.1% of patients.ConclusionsThe use of FCSEMSs appears to be effective and safe in the management of MPDS caused by symptomatic CP.
Validation of European evidence‐based guidelines and American College of Gastroenterology guidelines as predictors of advanced neoplasia in patients with suspected mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms
Authors: Sun Liqi , Wang Wei , Wang Yang , Jiang Fei , Peng Lisi , Jin Gang , Jin Zhendong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe European evidence‐based guidelines (EEG) and American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines (ACGG) have been published to guide the management of pancreatic cystic lesions. We aim to evaluate the value of both guidelines in predicting advanced pancreatic cystic lesions (A‐PCLs) with preoperatively imaging‐suspected cystic mucinous pancreatic neoplasms (cMNs).MethodsOne hundred ninety‐eight patients who underwent resections from 2013 to 2019 for suspected cMNs were retrospectively reviewed. Receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated and compared with measure diagnostic value.ResultsSixty‐two patients were diagnosed with A‐PCLs pathologically. Cross‐imaging modalities had comparable diagnostic accuracy to endoscopic ultrasound in type classification and A‐PCLs prediction. Receiver operating characteristic curve comparison analyses showed that EEG absolute + MCN (EEGAM) and EEG relative + MCN (EEGRM) having at least one indications criteria were comparable to the ACGG (P = 0.21 and P = 0.45). For the criteria having at least two indications, ACGG was superior to EEGAM (P = 0.001) but comparable to EEGRM(P = 0.12). EEGAM ≥ 1 indication criteria was superior to ≥ 2 indications criteria (P = 0.02). EEGRM ≥ 1 indication criteria had comparable diagnostic performance with ≥ 2 indications criteria (P = 0.86). ACGG ≥ 2 indications criteria was superior to ≥ 1 indication criteria (P = 0.02).ConclusionOn the basis of cross‐imaging evaluations, both sets of guidelines were found to be helpful in identifying A‐PCLs in suspected cMNs with comparable performance. EEGAM ≥ 1 indication criteria was superior to ≥ 2 indications criteria. ACGG ≥ 2 indications criteria was superior to ≥ 1 indication criteria.
Regorafenib in Chinese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Subgroup analysis of the phase 3 CONCUR trial
Authors: Xu Jianming , Xu Rui‐Hua , Qin Shukui , Pan Hongming , Bai Yuxian , Chi Yihebali , Wang Liwei , Bi Feng , Cheng Ying , Liu Tianshu , Ma Dong , Shen Lin , Ba Yi , Liang Jun , Wang Xin , Yau Thomas C C , Ma Brigette B , Yeh Kun‐Huei , Lin Jen‐Kou , Kappeler Christian , Shapiro JoAnn , Kalmus Joachim , Li Jin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimIn the phase 3 CONCUR trial (NCT01584830), regorafenib improved overall survival (OS) versus placebo in Asian patients with treatment‐refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We conducted a post hoc subgroup analysis of Chinese patients in CONCUR.MethodsAdults with mCRC progressing despite at least two prior treatment regimens and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1 were randomized 2:1 to regorafenib 160 mg once daily or placebo for the first 3 weeks of each 4‐week cycle. Dose modifications were permitted. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included progression‐free survival, objective overall response, disease control rate, and safety.ResultsA total of 172 Chinese patients were randomized and treated (regorafenib n = 112, placebo n = 60). OS was significantly improved with regorafenib versus placebo (8.4 vs 6.2 months, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 0.56, 95% CI 0.39–0.80; one‐sided P = 0.000632), as was progression‐free survival (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.22–0.47; one‐sided P < 0.000001). The most common drug‐related grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs; regorafenib, placebo) were hand–foot skin reaction (19%, 0%), hypertension (13%, 3%), hypophosphatemia (7%, 0%), increased alanine aminotransferase (6%, 0%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (5%, 0%). In patients receiving regorafenib and placebo, respectively, TEAEs led to treatment discontinuation in 14% and 7%, dose reduction in 39% and 0%, and dose interruption in 64% and 20%.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis showed that regorafenib provided an OS benefit over placebo for Chinese patients with previously treated mCRC. TEAEs were consistent with the regorafenib safety profile and manageable with treatment modifications.
Amperometric measurements of cocaine cue and novel context‐evoked glutamate and nitric oxide release in the nucleus accumbens core
Authors: Siemsen Benjamin M. , McFaddin John A. , Haigh Keiana , Brock Ashley G. , Nan Leath Mary , Hooker Kaylee N. , McGonegal Lilly K. , Scofield Michael D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCue‐induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking after self‐administration (SA) and extinction relies on glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore), which activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase interneurons. Nitric oxide (NO) is required for structural plasticity in NAcore medium spiny neurons, as well as cued cocaine seeking. However, NO release in the NAcore during reinstatement has yet to be directly measured. Furthermore, the temporal relationship between glutamate release and the induction of an NO response also remains unknown. Using wireless amperometric recordings in awake behaving rats, we quantified the magnitude and temporal dynamics of novel context‐ and cue‐induced reinstatement‐evoked glutamate and NO release in the NAcore. We found that re‐exposure to cocaine‐conditioned stimuli following SA and extinction increased extracellular glutamate, leading to release of NO in the NAcore. In contrast, exposing drug‐naïve rats to a novel context led to a lower magnitude rise in glutamate in the NAcore relative to cue‐induced reinstatement. Interestingly, novel context exposure evoked a higher magnitude NO response relative to cue‐induced reinstatement. Despite differences in magnitude, novel context evoked‐NO release in the NAcore was also temporally delayed when compared to glutamate. These results demonstrate a dissociation between the magnitude of cocaine cue‐ and novel context‐evoked glutamate and NO release in the NAcore, yet similarity in the temporal dynamics of their release. Together, these data contribute to a greater understanding of the relationship between glutamate and NO, two neurotransmitters implicated in encoding the valence of distinct contextual stimuli.
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Novel technique for infraorbital groove correction using multiple twisted polydioxanone thread
Authors: Lee Won , Oh Wook , Kim Hyoung‐Moon , Chan Ben‐Li , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe infraorbital groove can be corrected by lower blepharoplasty, microfat grafting, and soft tissue filler injection. Recently, multiple twisted polydioxanone threads were developed for facial rejuvenation.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the efficacy and associated risks of the use of new synthetic threads for infraorbital groove correction.MethodsFrom March 2018 to June 2019, 40 patients (mean age: 43.4 years; range: 25‐56 years) underwent transcutaneous multiple twisted thread insertion to correct the infraorbital groove. Three threads were inserted along the infraorbital groove on each side. The outcomes were assessed based on a comparison between preprocedure and postprocedure findings. Barton's grading and Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores were assessed by two physicians. Patient satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome of the procedure was evaluated at the end of the procedure and after 3 months. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed to confirm that the threads had been properly placed. The anatomical layer in which the threads were placed was evaluated in a cadaveric study.ResultsThe mean Barton grade improved significantly (P < .001) without decline throughout the 12‐week period. Improvement was found in all patients who were designated with a score >2 (“improved”). More than 77.5% of the patients were satisfied with the outcomes, and the rest of the patients reported some extent of correction with little satisfaction.ConclusionsThe findings indicate the benefits of the multiple twisted polydioxanone thread insertion in the treatment of patients with infraorbital groove without septal protrusion. This evaluation raised no major safety concerns.
Melochia corchorifolia extract inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells via activation of the ERK signaling
Authors: Yuan Xing‐Hua , Tian Yu‐Dan , Oh Jang‐Hee , Bach Tran The , Chung Jin Ho , Jin Zhe‐Hu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumerous researches have focused on discovering available inhibitors of melanogenesis from natural medicinal plants with stable efficacy and safety to resolve cutaneous hyperpigmentary problems. Melochia corchorifolia Linn. (MC) has been used as folk medicine to treat various diseases. However, the effect of MC on melanogenesis remains unknown.AimIn this study, we investigated the effect of MC extract on melanogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells.MethodsB16F10 cells were treated with MC extract, and then, cell viability, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity were analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression of tyrosinase and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) were evaluated using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Phosphorylated or total protein levels in MC extract‐induced signaling pathways were analyzed by Western blotting.ResultsTreatment of B16F10 cells with MC extract inhibited melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity in a dose‐dependent manner with no cytotoxicity. Protein and mRNA expressions of tyrosinase and MITF were also significantly decreased by MC extract treatment. In addition, phosphorylated level of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) was obviously increased by MC extract, but AKT pathway was not activated. Inhibited ERK phosphorylation by pretreatment with a selective ERK inhibitor PD98059 significantly reversed the decreased melanin content induced by treatment with MC extract in B16F10 cells.ConclusionMC extract inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells through suppression of MITF‐tyrosinase signaling pathway by ERK activation.
Diagnostic orientation values for ACTH and other parameters for clinically healthy donkeys and mules (insulin, triglycerides, glucose, fructosamines, and ɣ‐GT)
Authors: Gehlen Heidrun , Twickel Sophie , Stöckle Sabita , Weber Corinna , Bartmann Claus P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is the most prevalent endocrine disease in horses. Although donkeys and mules may also be affected, only a few data have been published. Reference values for diagnostic parameters, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), are especially scarce or even lacking. Therefore, in the present study, available data from the literature have been verified and completed to facilitate a reliable diagnosis. Clinical inspections and haematological and biochemical examinations were carried out four times in a three‐month interval (February to November) in 44 donkeys and 31 mules. Data from clinically healthy animals were used as an orientation. Plasma ACTH concentrations showed seasonal changes in both animal groups. However, it was generally higher in donkeys than mules. Although blood glucose (EDTA plasma) showed no difference between groups, serum insulin concentrations were consistently higher in donkeys. Serum fructosamine levels were slightly higher in mules, whereas, in some cases, serum triglyceride levels were considerably higher in donkeys. Serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase showed a striking peak in mules in August, whereas the remaining gamma‐glutamyltransferase values were lower compared to donkeys. By comparing donkeys and mules, the present work reveals differences in various blood parameters which should be considered for diagnoses and future studies.
A novel polysaccharide isolated from Flammulina velutipes, characterization, macrophage immunomodulatory activities and its impact on gut microbiota in rats
Authors: Ye Jufeng , Wang Xiangdong , Wang Ke , Deng Yudi , Yang Yichao , Ali Rufida , Chen Feilong , Wu Zijian , Liao Wenzhen , Mao Limei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe structural characteristics of a novel Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP2) were explored in this study. Besides, immunomodulatory activities of FVP2 on RAW 264.7 cell and its impact on gut microbiota in rats were investigated. FVP2 has a molecular weight of 18.3 kD, and its main components include galactose (19.96%), glucose (60.66%) and mannose (19.38%). By NMR analysis, the main‐chain structure consisted of (1 → 3)‐linked‐β‐D‐Gal, (1 → 6) ‐linked‐β‐D‐Gal, (1 → 6)‐linked‐α‐D‐Glc and (1 → 3,6)‐linked‐α‐D‐Man was identified. Results of the in vitro assays on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells showed FVP2 could significantly up‐regulate the expression of NO, TNF‐α and IL‐6. FVP2 was intragastrically administered to rats for 2 weeks. Compared with the control group, two caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration (isobutyric acid and butyric acid) and the abundance of beneficial microbiota of the FVP2‐treated group were significantly increased (p < .05) respectively. The results demonstrated that FVP2 could effectively enhance the level of butyric acid and increase beneficial gut microbiota, which could improve the intestinal barrier function and maintain the intestinal mucosal integrity, suggesting that FVP2 could potentially be an immunomodulators or a functional food to promote intestinal health.
Conflicting phylogenetic signals in genomic data of the coffee family (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Wikström Niklas , Bremer Birgitta , Rydin Catarina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReconstructions of phylogenetic relationships in the flowering plant family Rubiaceae have up until now relied heavily on single‐ or multi‐gene data, primarily from the plastid compartment. With the availability of cost‐ and time‐efficient techniques for generating complete genome sequences, the opportunity arises to resolve some of the relationships that, up until now, have proven problematic. Here, we contribute new data from complete 58 plastid genome sequences, representing 55 of the currently 65 recognized tribes of the Rubiaceae. Also contributed are new data from the nuclear rDNA cistrons for corresponding taxa. Phylogenetic analyses are conducted on two plastid data sets, one including data from the protein coding genes only, and a second where protein coding data are combined with non‐coding regions, and on a nuclear rDNA data set. Our results clearly show that simply adopting a “more characters” approach does not resolve the relationships in the Rubiaceae. More importantly, we identify conflicting phylogenetic signals in the data. Analyses of the same plastid data, treated as nucleotides or as codon‐degenerated data, resolve and support conflicting topologies in the subfamily Cinchonoideae. As these analyses use the same data, we interpret the conflict to result from erroneous assumptions in the models used to reconstruct our phylogenies. Conflicting signals are also identified in the analyses of the plastid versus the nuclear rDNA data sets. These analyses use data from different genomic compartments, with different inheritance patterns, and we interpret the conflicts as representing “real” conflicts, reflecting biological processes of the past.
Cocaine‐associated atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a genetically susceptible individual
Authors: Bongetti Elisa , Kavanagh David , Martin Kylie , Bendall Anna , Hill Prue , Steinberg Adam , Rajaram Yogeshwar , Ierino Francesco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAtypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) is a severe, life‐threatening condition that requires early recognition and urgent treatment. In aHUS rare genetic variants in CFH, CFI, CD46, C3 and CFB predispose to complement over activation. This case describes a case of aHUS in which there was a strong temporal association between disease onset and the use of smoked cocaine. The patient was found to have a rare genetic variant in the CFI gene which may have been unmasked by first‐time exposure to cocaine. The patient stabilized and improved with early administration of eculizumab, supporting the notion of an underlying immunological pathogenesis and the importance of early intervention.