bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellopontine Angle Surgery Assisted by Continuous Mapping of the Facial Nerve Via the Ultrasonic Aspirator
Authors: Cenzato Marco , Stefini Roberto , Zenga Francesco , Piparo Maurizio , Debernardi Alberto , Costi Ilaria , Fava Enrica 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgery carries the risk of lesioning the facial nerve. The goal of preserving the integrity of the facial nerve is usually pursued with intermittent electrical stimulation using a handheld probe that is alternated with the resection. We report our experience with continuous electrical stimulation delivered via the ultrasonic aspirator (UA) used for the resection of a series of vestibular schwannomas.
Methods A total of 17 patients with vestibular schwannomas, operated on between 2010 and 2018, were included in this study. A constant-current stimulator was coupled to the UA used for the resection, delivering square-wave pulses throughout the resection. The muscle responses from upper and lower face muscles triggered by the electrical stimulation were displayed continuously on multichannel neurophysiologic equipment. The careful titration of the electrical stimulation delivered through the UA while tapering the current intensity with the progression of the resection was used as the main strategy.
Results All operations were performed successfully, and facial nerve conduction was maintained in all patients except one, in whom a permanent lesion of the facial nerve followed a miscommunication to the neurosurgeon.
Conclusion The coupling of the electrical stimulation to the UA provided the neurosurgeon with an efficient and cost-effective tool and allowed a safe resection. Positive responses were obtained from the facial muscles with low current intensity (lowest intensity: 0.1 mA). The availability of a resection tool paired with a stimulator allowed the surgeon to improve the surgical workflow because fewer interruptions were necessary to stimulate the facial nerve via a handheld probe.
Complete complementarity relations for multipartite pure states
Authors: Basso Marcos L W , Maziero Jonas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Complementarity relations for wave-particle duality are saturated only for pure, single-quanton, quantum states. For a completely incoherent state, it is known that wave and particle quantifiers can reach zero, and hence no information about the wave and particle aspects of the system can be obtained. This means that the information is being shared with other systems, and quantum correlations can be seen as responsible for the loss of purity of the quanton, provided that the quanton is part of a multipartite pure quantum system. In this paper, by exploring the purity of bi- and tri-partite pure quantum states, we show that it is possible to obtain complete complementarity relations. This procedure allows us to create a general framework for obtaining complete complementarity relations for a subsystem that belongs to an arbitrary multi-partite quantum system in a pure state. By some simple examples, we show that if the predictability measure is changed then the correlation measure must also be changed in order to obtain complete complementarity relations for pure cases.
Differentiating cancer types using a urine test for volatile organic compounds
Authors: Bannaga Ayman S , Kvasnik Frank , Persaud Krishna , Arasaradnam Ramesh P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background. In the human body, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by different tissues then secreted in different body fluids and subsequently excreted. Here we explore a non-invasive method for the detection of liver, prostate and bladder cancers. Methods. We recruited 140 cases. There were 31 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 62 prostate carcinomas, 29 bladder carcinomas and 18 non-cancer cases. Male to female ratio was 5:1 and mean age was 72 years. Urinary VOCs were detected by applying solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique. Results. The sensitivity for detection of HCC with normal alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was 68% (SE 0.06, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.81 and P < 0.005). The VOCs sensitivity in the detection of HCC cases with raised AFP was 83%. (SE 0.05, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.93 and P < 0.0001). The VOCs sensitivity for prostate cancer detection was 70% (SE 0.049, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.79 and P < 0.0002) and sensitivity for bladder cancer detection was 81% (SE 0.052, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.91 and P < 0.0001). Conclusions. SPME urinary VOCs analysis was able to differentiate between controls and each of hepatocellular, prostate and bladder cancers. This suggests that urinary VOCs are cancer specific and could potentially be used as a diagnostic method.
A Review of Terrestrial and Canopy Malaise Traps
Authors: Skvarla Michael J , Larson Jonathan L , Fisher J Ray , Dowling Ashley P G 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMalaise traps are important tools for the large-scale collection of arthropod taxa. Here, an extensive review of the history and literature concerning Malaise and canopy traps is given. This review highlights how trap design and placement can affect trap catch, which will help researchers to make more informed choices when planning research endeavors. Additionally, terrestrial and canopy-style Malaise traps are compared to each other and other types of arthropod traps.
Non-normative use of reflexivity in social work with families in the Czech Republic
Authors: Glumbíková Kateřina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Discourse on the normative use of reflexivity predominates in the professional literature. Expert articles on the topic of non-normative use of reflexivity, which is based on the presumption that social workers do not use reflexivity to improve their work quality, but rather its functions for themselves to fulfil specific purposes, is missing, with some exceptions in the literature. The presented article therefore aims to understand the use of reflexivity in the practice of social work with families in its non-normative concept and to determine the implications for social work. Using the abduction method (in which Schechtman’s narrative identity theory was applied to data analysis), the following four categories of the use of reflexivity in a non-normative way were saturated with data obtained from initial interviews, field observations and subsequent reflection of field observations with social workers: personal interest, survival, moral responsibility and compensation. The non-normative concept of reflexivity is further discussed in the context of specific implications for education and practice of social work.
Diagnostic Tests Can Stem the Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: Infectious Disease Professionals Can Help
Authors: Trevas Dana , Caliendo Angela M , Hanson Kimberly , Levy Jaclyn , Ginocchio Christine C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Uptake of existing diagnostics to identify infections more accurately could minimize unnecessary antibiotic use and decrease the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Presidential Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria (PACCARB) agree that, to improve uptake of existing diagnostics, healthcare providers, health systems, and payors all need better clinical and economic outcomes data to support use of diagnostic tests over empiric use of antibiotics, providers need better tools and education about diagnostic tests, and diagnostics developers need federal funding in the absence of a viable diagnostics market. Recommendations from PACCARB and the IDSA are amplified. Incentives for—and challenges to—diagnostics research, development, and uptake are summarized. Advocacy opportunities are given for infectious disease professionals to join the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
“If You Don’t Get Caught”: Islands, Isolation, and Entrapment in Contemporary Scottish Women’s Poetry
Authors: Mackay Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay explores the trope of the island in recent Scottish poetry and in particular the tendency to treat poems as islands and vice versa. With a particular focus on the work of Meg Bateman, Jen Hadfield, Kathleen Jamie, Jackie Kay, and Liz Lochhead, the essay discusses ideas of entrapment, freedom, and isolation, to suggest that alongside the Utopian imaginings of islands, there is also the possibility of them becoming, like St Kilda for Lady Grange, constrictive prison cells.
Functional complementation of V-ATPase a subunit isoforms in osteoclasts
Authors: Matsumoto Naomi , Sekiya Mizuki , Fujimoto Yasuyuki , Haga Satoshi , Sun-Wada Ge-Hong , Wada Yoh , Nakanishi-Matsui Mayumi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In osteoclasts, the a3 isoform of the proton-pumping V-ATPase plays essential roles in anterograde trafficking of secretory lysosomes and extracellular acidification required for bone resorption. This study examined functional complementation of the a isoforms by exogenously expressing the a1, a2 and a3 isoforms in a3-knockout (KO) osteoclasts. The expression levels of a1 and a2 in a3KO osteoclasts were similar, but lower than that of a3. a1 significantly localized to lysosomes, whereas a2 slightly did. On the other hand, a2 interacted with Rab7, a regulator of secretory lysosome trafficking in osteoclasts, more efficiently than a1. a1 partly complemented the functions of a3 in secretory lysosome trafficking and calcium phosphate resorption, while a2 partly complemented the former but not the latter function.
Respiratory Viral Pathogens in Children Evaluated at Military Treatment Facilities in Oahu, Hawaii From 2014 to 2018: Seasonality and Climatic Factors
Authors: Montgomery Agnes S , Lustik Michael B , Jones Milissa U , Horseman Timothy S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Five-year retrospective analysis of respiratory viruses in children less than 18 years old at Tripler Army Medical Center and outlying clinics in Oahu. Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A showed pronounced seasonality with peaks from September to December and December to March, respectively. Results provide a better understanding of the timing of viral preventive strategies in Oahu.
Challenging delayed bleeding after an Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy
Authors: Liddle Sean , Mirakhur Anirudh , Debru Estifanos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 66-year-old man underwent a minimally invasive oesophagectomy for oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Surgery and recovery were routine; however, he represented 8 days later with a massive upper gastrointestinal bleed. He was stabilized, but over a 2-week period experienced several bleeds requiring transfusion and multiple endoscopies, all showing a prominent luminal vessel at the oesophago-gastric (OG) anastomosis. Haemostatic clipping was attempted resulting in pulsatile bleeding and transfer to the radiology suite where angiography showed extravasation of contrast at the OG anastomosis from the terminal portion of the gastro-epiploic arcade. Coil embolization was successful and did not result in ischaemia. It was our standard to construct the OG anastomosis with the end-to-end anastomosis circular stapler (DST™ Series EEA™), 4.8-mm staple height. However, we now use the 3.5-mm staple height for improved haemostasis and ensure that the area for anastomosis is cleared of omental tissue so as not to incorporate a visible vessel.
Mitogenomic phylogeny and fossil-calibrated mutation rates for all F- and M-type mtDNA genes of the largest freshwater mussel family, the Unionidae (Bivalvia)
Authors: Zieritz Alexandra , Froufe Elsa , Bolotov Ivan , Gonçalves Duarte V , Aldridge David C , Bogan Arthur E , Gan Han Ming , Gomes-Dos-Santos André , Sousa Ronaldo , Teixeira Amilcar , Varandas Simone , Zanatta David , Lopes-Lima Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Unionidae represent an excellent model taxon for unravelling the drivers of freshwater diversity, but, phylogeographic studies on Southeast Asian taxa are hampered by lack of a comprehensive phylogeny and mutation rates for this fauna. We present complete female- (F) and male-type (M) mitogenomes of four genera of the Southeast Asian clade Contradentini+Rectidentini. We calculate substitution rates for the mitogenome, the 13 protein-coding genes, the two ribosomal units and three commonly used fragments (co1, nd1 and 16S) of both F- and M-mtDNA, based on a fossil-calibrated, mitogenomic phylogeny of the Unionidae. Phylogenetic analyses, including an M+F concatenated dataset, consistently recovers a monophyletic Gonideinae. Subfamily-level topology is congruent with that of a previous nuclear genomic study and with patterns in mitochondrial gene order, suggesting Unionidae F-type 2 as a synapomorphy of the Gonideinae. Our phylogeny indicates that the clades Contradentini+Rectidentini and Lamprotulini+Pseudodontini+Gonideini split in the early Cretaceous (~125 Mya), and that the crown group of Contradentini+Rectidentini originated in the late Cretaceous (~79 Mya). Most gonideine tribes originated during the early Palaeogene. Substitution rates were comparable to those previously published for F-type co1 and 16S for certain Unionidae and Margaritiferidae species (pairs).
Infectious complications of newer agents in the fight against diabetes
Authors: Stover Kayla R. , Hugh Emily , Sherman Justin J. , Malinowski Scott S. , Berdahl Gideon J. , Riche Daniel M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
Infectious complications have been reported with antidiabetic medications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been associated with upper respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have been associated with lower limb amputations, urinary tract infections, genital mycotic infections, and Fournier gangrene.
Greater Conditioned Pain Modulation Is Associated With Enhanced Morphine Analgesia in Healthy Individuals and Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Bruehl Stephen , France Christopher R. , Stone Amanda L. , Gupta Rajnish , Buvanendran Asokumar , Chont Melissa , Burns John W. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) protocols index magnitude of descending pain inhibition. This study evaluated whether the degree of CPM, controlling for CPM expectancy confounds, was associated with analgesic and subjective responses to morphine and whether chronic pain status or sex moderated these effects.

Materials and Methods:
Participants included 92 individuals with chronic low back pain and 99 healthy controls, none using daily opioid analgesics. In a cross-over design, participants attended 2 identical laboratory sessions during which they received either intravenous morphine (0.08 mg/kg) or saline placebo before undergoing evoked pain assessment. In each session, participants engaged in ischemic forearm and heat pain tasks, and a CPM protocol combining ischemic pain (conditioning stimulus) and heat pain (test stimulus). Placebo-controlled morphine outcomes were derived as differences in pain and subjective effects across drug conditions.

Results:
In hierarchical regressions controlling for CPM expectancies, greater placebo-condition CPM was associated with less subjective morphine unpleasantness (P=0.001) and greater morphine analgesia (P’s<0.05) on both the ischemic pain task (Visual Analog Scale Pain Intensity and Unpleasantness) and heat pain task (Visual Analog Scale Pain Intensity, McGill Pain Questionnaire—Sensory, and Present Pain Intensity subscales). There was no moderation by sex or chronic low back pain status, except for the ischemic Present Pain Intensity outcome for which a significant 2-way interaction (P<0.05) was noted, with men showing a stronger positive relationship between CPM and morphine analgesia than women.

Discussion:
Results suggest that CPM might predict analgesic and subjective responses to opioid administration. Further evaluation of CPM as an element of precision pain medicine algorithms may be warranted.
Timing of Prenatal Care Initiation and Psychological Wellbeing in Black Women
Authors: Wong Ana C. , Rengers Brooke , Nowak Alexandra L. , Schoeppner Samantha , Price Mercedes , Zhang Liying , Dailey Rhonda K. , Anderson Cindy M. , Misra Dawn P. , Giurgescu Carmen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to see if timing of prenatal care initiation was related to psychological wellbeing of Black women.

Study Design and Methods:
Using a cross-sectional design, a sample of 197 pregnant Black women completed a self-reported survey between 8 weeks and less than 30 weeks gestation as part of the Biosocial Impact on Black Births study. The questions asked about the initiation of prenatal care, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological wellbeing. Multiple linear regression was used to examine if timing of prenatal care initiation was related to psychological variables.

Results:
Sixty-three women (32%) reported they were not able to initiate their first prenatal care visit as early as they wanted due to various barriers. After adjusting for cofounders, not initiating prenatal care as early as women wanted predicted lower levels of psychological wellbeing.

Clinical Implications:
Perinatal nurses should assess psychological wellbeing in Black women throughout pregnancy; advocate for Black women who report high levels of stress, psychological distress, or depressive symptoms for further mental health evaluation by their health care provider; and provide resources and education (e.g., support groups, counseling) for these women.
Using Simulation to Develop Solutions for Ventilator Shortages From the Epicenter
Authors: Burnett Garrett W. , Shah Anjan , Fried Eric A. , Shah Ronak , Lai Cheuk Yin , Levin Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Summary Statement
The COVID-19 pandemic threatened to overwhelm the medical system of New York City, and the threat of ventilator shortages was real. Using high-fidelity simulation, a variety of solutions were tested to solve the problem of ventilator shortages including innovative designs for safely splitting ventilators, converting noninvasive ventilators to invasive ventilators, and testing and improving of ventilators created by outside companies. Simulation provides a safe environment for testing of devices and protocols before use on patients and should be vital in the preparation for emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Impact on microbiology laboratory turnaround times following process improvements and total laboratory automation
Authors: Gonzalez-Ortiz Carolyn , Emrick Alanna , Tabak Ying P. , Vankeepuram Latha , Kurtz Stephen , Sellers David , Wimmer Megan , Asjes Caitlin , Barake Suhaireirene Suady , Nichols Jacob , Levent Fatma 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe impact of workflow changes and total laboratory automation (TLA) on microbiology culture processing time was evaluated in an academic-affiliated regional hospital.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of microbiological data in a research database was performed to compare turnaround time (TAT) for organism identification (ID) before and after implementation of TLA (2013 versus 2016, respectively). TAT was compared using the χ2 test for categorical variables and log-transformed t-test for continuous variables.ResultsA total of 9,351 predefined common and clinically important positive mono-bacterial culture results were included in the analysis. Shorter TAT (hours) in 2016 compared to 2013 (p<0.0001) for positive result pathogen ID were observed in specimen types including blood (51.2 vs. 70.6), urine (40.7 vs. 47.1), wound (39.6 vs. 60.2), respiratory (47.7 vs. 67), and all specimen types combined (43.3 vs. 56.8). Although shorter TATs were not observed from all specimen categories for negative result pathogen ID, TAT for all specimen types combined was shorter (p≤0.001) in 2016 compared to 2013 (94 vs. 101).ConclusionsTotal laboratory automation and workflow changes—including process standardization—facilitate shorter organism ID TAT across specimen sources.
Temporal variation in one-time partnership rates among young men who have sex with men and transgender women
Authors: Janulis Patrick , Goodreau Steven M. , Birkett Michelle , Phillips Gregory , Morris Martina , Mustanski Brian , Jenness Samuel M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundVolatility in sexual contact rates has been recognized as an important factor influencing HIV transmission dynamics. One-time partnerships may be particularly important given the potential to quickly accumulate large number of contacts. Yet, empirical data documenting individual variation in contact rates remains rare. This study provides much needed data on temporal variation in one-time partners to better understand behavioral dynamics and improve the accuracy of transmission models.MethodsData for this study from a longitudinal cohort study of young men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women in Chicago. Participants provided sexual network data every 6-months for 2 years. A series of random effects models examined variation in one-time partnership rates and disaggregated within and between associations of exposure variables.Exposure variables included prior number of one-time partners, number of casual partners, and having a main partner.ResultsResults indicated substantial between and within person variation in one-time partners. Casual partnerships were positively associated and main partnerships negatively association with one-time partnership rates. There remained a small positive association between prior one-time partnerships and the current number of one-time partnerships.ConclusionsDespite the preponderance of a low number of one-time partners, substantial variation in one-time partnership rates exists among young MSM and transgender women. Accordingly, focusing on high contact rate individuals alone may be insufficient to identify periods of highest risk. Future studies should utilize these estimates to more accurately model how volatility impacts HIV transmission and better understand how this variation influences intervention effectiveness.
Clinical symptoms among ambulatory patients tested for SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chung Jessie R. , Kim Sara S. , Jackson Michael L. , Jackson Lisa A. , Belongia Edward A. , King Jennifer P. , Zimmerman Richard K. , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Martin Emily T. , Monto Arnold S. , Gaglani Manjusha , Smith Michael E. , Patel Manish , Flannery Brendan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe compared symptoms and characteristics of 4961 ambulatory patients with and without laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings indicate that clinical symptoms alone would be insufficient to distinguish between COVID-19 and other respiratory infections (e.g., influenza) and/or to evaluate the effects of preventive interventions (e.g., vaccinations).