bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatio‐temporal variability of the annual and monthly extreme temperature indices in Nepal
Authors: Poudel Arati , Cuo Lan , Ding Jin , Gyawali Ayush Raj 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvestigating the changes in the extreme temperature indices is crucial for the assessment of climate change and to recommend practical adaptation strategies particularly in countries like Nepal, which is highly prone to the impacts of extreme climatic events. This study analyses the mean temperatures and the changes of extreme temperature indices at 25 stations located in different physiographic regions in Nepal at monthly and annual time scales for 1986–2015. Ten extreme temperature indices recommended by ETCCDI are selected and examined. Quality control is first conducted for original daily maximum and minimum temperature data. In Nepal, it is warming in general with maximum temperature (0.04°C year−1) increasing faster than minimum temperature (0.02°C year−1) on countrywide average which is contrary to the changes in the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings and the global average. The changes in extreme temperatures are spatiotemporally heterogeneous and unique. Annually, cold extremes increase but the percentage of days below 10th percentile becomes less frequent. Terai and Siwalik plain regions show negative annual trends in cold indices (TNn and TXn), but mixed changes in other extreme indices. There are strong correlations between the trends of maximum temperature‐related variables and elevation. This analysis also adds the evidence of pronounced warming in higher elevation only for day‐time extreme temperatures but not for temperature minima in Nepal which differs from the other studies around the world. This study also reveals that December and January tend to have colder days in the Terai. However, summer months are getting hotter in each region across the country. Kathmandu, the most urbanized city in Nepal shows a significant increase in minimum temperature (Tmin) and minimum Tmin (TNn) indicating the influence of urbanization in temperature change ‐ an urban heat island effect.
Use of Catheter Lock Solutions in Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Individual‐Patient Data Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wouters Yannick , Causevic Erna , Klek Stanislaw , Groenewoud Hans , Wanten Geert J. A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUse of catheter lock solutions (CLSs) as a strategy to prevent catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. Our aim was to identify the most effective CLS formulation in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and individual‐patient data meta‐analysis (IPDMA). Prospective randomized clinical trials in adult HPN patients using CLS were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Primary outcome was the number of CRBSIs per 1000 catheter days for each CLS. Other outcomes included time to CRBSI and identification of patients with a higher risk for CRBSIs.ResultsIn total, 1107 studies were screened for eligibility, of which three studies comprising 162 HPN patients and 45,695 catheter days were included in the IPDMA. CRBSI rates were significantly decreased in patients using taurolidine (rate 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.32) when compared with saline (rate 0.74; 95% CI, 0.31–1.74; P = .002) or heparin (rate 2.01; 95% CI, 1.03–3.91; P < .001). The cumulative proportion of CRBSI‐free patients using taurolidine, saline, and heparin after 1 year was 88%, 56%, and 14%, respectively. Three risk factors for CRBSIs were identified: type of CLS, intestinal dysmotility as underlying condition, and use of central venous catheters.ConclusionsTaurolidine was the most effective CLS formulation in HPN patients for the prevention of CRBSIs. We suggest discussing with patients the benefits and risks when starting taurolidine, especially in patients who are considered to have a higher risk for CRBSIs.
Zinc–nitrogen interaction effect on wheat biofortification and nutrient use efficiency
Authors: Montoya Mónica , Vallejo Antonio , Recio Jaime , Guardia Guillermo , Alvarez Jose Manuel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The enhancement of zinc (Zn) concentration in cereal crops without compromising yield is a global challenge with crucial health and food security implications.
Aims: To achieve Zn biofortification in wheat through the appropriate management of fertilization with both Zn and nitrogen (N), due to the synergistic effect between them, using natural organic sources of Zn.
Methods: We carried out a field experiment using a rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop fertilized with four Zn sources (Zn‐sulphate, Zn‐lignosulphonate, Zn‐amino acids and Zn‐gluconate) and three N application rates under semi‐arid conditions.
Results: The strategy of increasing the N rate by 50% with respect to the recommended N rate (i.e., 120 kg N ha−1) did not improve either wheat yield or grain Zn‐N concentration. The combined effect of applying natural organic Zn complexes and the recommended N rate tended to increase grain Zn concentrations (by an average of 14%), although this increase was significantly higher when Zn‐sulphate was applied (63%) due to its higher recommended Zn application rate. Natural organic Zn fertilizers achieved the highest grain yields, probably due to the enhancement of N uptake. The natural organic Zn fertilizers resulted in higher Zn utilization efficiency compared with the Zn‐sulphate fertilizer.
Conclusions: In calcareous Zn‐deficient soils, our results suggest that Zn–N co‐fertilization involving Zn‐sulphate combined with the recommended N application rate would be advisable for obtaining grain Zn biofortification, while the highest yields can be obtained with the application of natural organic Zn fertilizers.
Investigation of suitable seed sizes, segregation of ripe seeds, and improved germination rate for the commercial production of hemp sprouts (Cannabis sativa L.)
Authors: Moon Youn‐Ho , Cha Young‐Lok , Lee Ji‐Eun , Kim Kwang‐Soo , Kwon Da‐Eun , Kang Yong‐Ku 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith a growing market for functional foods, the nutraceutical properties of hemp sprouts have been investigated in recent studies. However, commercial mass production methods have yet to be developed. This study aimed to identify seed sizes suitable for segregating ripe seeds, which would improve the low germination rate in the high seed densities used in commercial hemp sprout production.ResultsSeeds ranging in size from 2.80 to 3.3 mm, collected by sieving, were the most suitable for sprouting, based on the distribution rate (74.9%) and germination rate (70.0%) at a low seed density (0.016 grains mm−2). Seed segregation by sinking the seeds in 70% ethanol after 2 h or more of water infiltration generated high germination rates of 86.3% to 94.3% at low seed density, compared to a 64.0% germination rate in non‐segregated seeds. The hemp seed germination rate decreased geometrically with increasing sowing density. The germination rate with a high seed density (0.29 grains mm−2) was increased from 19.9% when seeds were not mixed with sand to 58.7% when mixed with sand in a 3:1 ratio. The sprouting yield significantly increased from 1.64 kg kg−1 when seeds were not mixed with sand to 9.55 kg kg−1 in seeds germinating when mixed with sand. Delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol was not detected in hemp sprout.ConclusionThe production of hemp sprouts may be improved by identifying suitable seed sizes, segregating ripe seeds, and germinating seeds mixed with sand. This can be used in the commercial production of hemp sprouts. The sprouts were also found to be safe and without hallucinogenic effects. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Timing of Intravenous Fentanyl Administration on the Incidence of Posttonsillectomy Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Kim Min‐Soo , Kim Ha Yan , Park Wyun Kon , Kim Won Shik , Kim Sungmi , Kim Hyun Joo 
Published: January 2020

Objective/HypothesisFentanyl is commonly administered toward the end of tonsillectomy to prevent emergence delirium and reduce postoperative pain. However, it can delay emergence from anesthesia and increase the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The goal of our study was to compare the risk of PONV based on the timing of fentanyl administration at the end of tonsillectomy in children.Study Design: Prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial.MethodsOne hundred forty patients aged 3 to 7 years undergoing tonsillectomy were divided into two groups. Fentanyl (1 μg/kg) was administered at the end of surgery in group 1 (n = 70) and at 10 to 15 minutes before the end of surgery in group 2 (n = 70). Time to regular breathing and time to emergence from anesthesia were measured from the end of surgery. PONV and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale scores were assessed every 10 minutes after admission to the postanesthesia care unit.ResultsIncidences of PONV (2.9% vs. 2.9%, P > .99) and emergence delirium (11.4% vs. 5.7%, P = .23) were not significantly different between the two groups. Time to regular breathing (mean difference = 2.3 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9 to 3.7 minutes) and time to emergence (median difference = 6.5 minutes; 95% CI, 2.5 to 10.5 minutes) were significantly longer in group 1 than in group 2.ConclusionsAlthough there was no beneficial effect on PONV, recovery of regular breathing and consciousness was quicker with earlier fentanyl administration. Emergence delirium was well‐controlled, similar to that with fentanyl administration at the end of surgery.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 2020
Prognostic factors in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bradford Carol R. , Ferlito Alfio , Devaney Kenneth O. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Rinaldo Alessandra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe current treatment results of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma still remain modest. Various prognostic factors have been investigated and need to be included in the management decision making.MethodsWe reviewed the pertinent literature regarding host, tumor, and treatment factors as prognostic indicators that influence outcome in patients diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.ResultsHost, tumor, and treatment factors all have an important impact upon an individual patient's prognosis with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas staging systems only take into account tumor factors. There is much work yet to be done to establish reliable, independent biomarkers that predict survival and response to treatment.ConclusionsOptimal outcomes for an individual patient can be achieved when taking into account tumor, host, and treatment factors.
Effect of process parameters and niobium carbide addition on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding nickel‐based alloy coatings
Authors: Yufan S. , Hanguang F. , Xuelong P. , Shuting S. , Jian L. , Yongping L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBased on the background of the engineering application of automobile mold repair and surface strengthening, the effects of process parameters on the formation and microstructure of laser cladding nickel(Ni)‐based alloy coating were studied. The optimal parameters were: laser power 2000 W, powder feeding rate 15 g/min, scanning speed 4 mm/s. Under this process, the cladding layer and the substrate can exhibit good metallurgical bonding, and the cladding layer has fine crystal grains and a low dilution ratio. On this basis, different mass fractions of niobium carbide (NbC) powder were added to the nickel‐based powder and laser cladding was carried out on the surface of die steel. The phase composition, microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the coating were studied. The results show that with the increasing of niobium carbide addition, the hardness of the cladding layer decreases, and the wear loss of the cladding layer decreases first and then increases. When the niobium carbide addition reaches 6 wt.%, the wear loss of the cladding layer is the least, and the wear resistance is the best.
Genome sequencing in cytogenetics: Comparison of short‐read and linked‐read approaches for germline structural variant detection and characterization
Authors: Uguen Kévin , Jubin Claire , Duffourd Yannis , Bardel Claire , Malan Valérie , Dupont Jean‐Michel , El Khattabi Laila , Chatron Nicolas , Vitobello Antonio , Rollat‐Farnier Pierre‐Antoine , Baulard Céline , Lelorch Marc , Leduc Aurélie , Tisserant Emilie , Tran Mau‐Them Frédéric , Danjean Vincent , Delepine Marc , Till Marianne , Meyer Vincent , Lyonnet Stanislas , Mosca‐Boidron Anne‐laure , Thevenon Julien , Faivre Laurence , Thauvin‐Robinet Christel , Schluth‐Bolard Caroline , Boland Anne , Olaso Robert , Callier Patrick , Romana Serge , Deleuze Jean‐François , Sanlaville Damien 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStructural variants (SVs) include copy number variants (CNVs) and apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangements (ABCRs). Genome sequencing (GS) enables SV detection at base‐pair resolution, but the use of short‐read sequencing is limited by repetitive sequences, and long‐read approaches are not yet validated for diagnosis. Recently, 10X Genomics proposed Chromium, a technology providing linked‐reads to reconstruct long DNA fragments and which could represent a good alternative. No study has compared short‐read to linked‐read technologies to detect SVs in a constitutional diagnostic setting yet. The aim of this work was to determine whether the 10X Genomics technology enables better detection and comprehension of SVs than short‐read WGS.MethodsWe included 13 patients carrying various SVs. Whole genome analyses were performed using paired‐end HiSeq X sequencing with (linked‐read strategy) or without (short‐read strategy) Chromium library preparation. Two different bioinformatic pipelines were used: Variants are called using BreakDancer for short‐read strategy and LongRanger for long‐read strategy. Variant interpretations were first blinded.ResultsThe short‐read strategy allowed diagnosis of known SV in 10/13 patients. After unblinding, the linked‐read strategy identified 10/13 SVs, including one (patient 7) missed by the short‐read strategy.ConclusionIn conclusion, regarding the results of this study, 10X Genomics solution did not improve the detection and characterization of SV.
An experimental and computational NMR study of organometallic nine‐membered rings: Trinuclear silver(I) complexes of pyrazolate ligands
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Dias H.V. Rasika , Parasar Devaborniny , Martín‐Pastor Manuel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work reports the calculation of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of eight trinuclear Ag(I) complexes of pyrazolate ligands using the relativistic program ZORA. The data from the literature concern exclusively 1H, 13C, and 19F nuclei. For this reason, one of the complexes that is derived from 3,5‐bis‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrazole has been studied anew, and the 15N and 109Ag chemical shifts determined for the first time in solution. Solid‐state NMR data of this compound have been obtained for some nuclei (1H, 13C, and 19F) but not for others (14N, 15N, and 109Ag).
Illness perceptions, risk perceptions and worries in patients with early systemic sclerosis: A focus group study
Authors: van Leeuwen Nina M. , Boonstra Maaike , Huizinga Tom W.J. , Kaptein Ad A. , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study explores illness perceptions, risk perceptions and degree of worry in patients with recently diagnosed systemic sclerosis (SSc). Specifically, it aims to answer whether and how early diagnosis in a stage that disease is relatively mild can impact patients' lives, and if and how disease severity associates with illness perceptions and risk perception.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of SSc <2 years were invited to participate in a focus group discussion for in‐depth exploration of illness perceptions, risk perceptions and worry. In addition, illness perceptions, risk perceptions and worries were evaluated with the use of questionnaires. To explore how patients perceive SSc, we asked them to draw their disease. Physician global assessment of disease severity was used to measure disease severity. Associations between disease severity, illness/risk perceptions, drawings and elements of the focus group were assessed.ResultsWe observed three dimensions of illness perception as most relevant for patients: personal control, concern and consequences. Patients with SSc experienced many symptoms and felt low personal control. Concerns about the future were often mentioned, and the majority of patients scored high on the worry questionnaire. None of the patients was preoccupied with prognosis or death. All drawings illustrate the impact of SSc on daily life and psychological well‐being. Illness perceptions were highly variable between patients and did not associate with disease severity.ConclusionThis study showed that a diagnosis of early SSc had a significant impact on patients' lives, also in the absence of severe disease complications.
Influence of Population Density and Length Structure on Angler Catch Rate in Kokanee Fisheries
Authors: Klein Zachary B. , Quist Michael C. , Schill Daniel J. , Dux Andrew M. , Corsi Matthew P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Management agencies are often charged with providing fisheries that lead to angler participation. Catch rate is one of the primary drivers of angler participation but can be influenced by a suite of factors, including population structure (e.g., density and size structure). The complexity of understanding how population structure influences angler catch rate is typified in kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka fisheries. Previous research suggests that angler catch rates of kokanee are positively influenced by fish density and total length. However, that research was based on data collected using size-selective midwater trawls. Due to the potential limitation of previous research, we sought to (1) understand the relative bias of midwater trawls and gill nets for describing the size structure of kokanee available to anglers and (2) re-evaluate the influence of fish density and fish length on angler catch rates in kokanee fisheries. Midwater trawl, gill-net, and creel data were collected on five prominent kokanee fisheries throughout Idaho in 2016 and 2017. Catch composition and percent overlap of midwater trawls, gill nets, and angler-caught fish were compared to understand the efficacy of midwater trawls and gill nets for representing the size structure of kokanee available to anglers. In addition, the influence of kokanee density and length on angler catch rates was evaluated. Midwater trawls primarily sampled small kokanee (&lt;330 mm) and exhibited little overlap with angler-caught fish, whereas gill nets sampled more large fish (&gt;330 mm) and exhibited higher overlap with angler-caught fish when compared to midwater trawls. Fish length was not positively associated with angler catch rates. However, fish density exhibited a positive relationship with angler catch rates. Our results highlight the importance of gear choice for understanding how kokanee populations function and elucidate the tradeoffs associated with population density, fish length, and resulting kokanee fisheries.
Population Estimate of the State and Federally Threatened Spotfin Chub Using Underwater Observations
Authors: Doll Jason C. , Etchison Luke , Owensby Dylan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Determining the population demographics of threatened or endangered species can be difficult if the methods that are used must be minimally invasive. However, knowing the population status of species that are of conservation interest must be understood for successful management. We used underwater observations (i.e., snorkeling) to determine population estimates for Spotfin Chub Erimonax monachus in the Cheoah River in North Carolina, a species that is listed as threatened at both state (North Carolina) and federal levels. Seven sites were randomly selected between the Santeetlah Dam and the confluence with the Little Tennessee River. Each site was surveyed by three snorkelers who completed multipass snorkeling from July 17 to 25, 2019. The population estimates were generated with an N-mixture model and incorporated site-specific habitat. Four hundred and sixty-six observations of Spotfin Chub were recorded across all of the sites and passes. The simple model without covariates of abundance estimated a total population size of 12,139 (95% credible interval [CRI] = 9,821–15,453). Incorporating site-specific percentage of bedrock improved model fit and indicated that the percentage of bedrock was positively related to site-specific abundance. The total population size as estimated with the covariate model was 13,905 (95% CRI = 11,620–22,181). Our results yielded new insight into the status of a threatened species while confirming previous knowledge about its microhabitat use. Locally, the results of this work suggest that Spotfin Chub are well established in the Cheoah River and maintain a substrate affinity to bedrock. Broadly, the field methods that were used here are logistically feasible, cost efficient, and minimally stressful for the fish. We suggest that this methodology be considered when total and site-specific population estimates are needed to manage species of concern. Additionally, more detailed site-specific habitat can improve model estimates by explaining site-specific variability in abundance, resulting in more precise total population estimates.
High‐resolution in vivo MR‐STAT using a matrix‐free and parallelized reconstruction algorithm
Authors: van der Heide Oscar , Sbrizzi Alessandro , Luijten Peter R. , van den Berg Cornelis A.T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMR‐STAT is a recently proposed framework that allows the reconstruction of multiple quantitative parameter maps from a single short scan by performing spatial localisation and parameter estimation on the time‐domain data simultaneously, without relying on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). To do this at high resolution, specialized algorithms are required to solve the underlying large‐scale nonlinear optimisation problem. We propose a matrix‐free and parallelized inexact Gauss–Newton based reconstruction algorithm for this purpose. The proposed algorithm is implemented on a high‐performance computing cluster and is demonstrated to be able to generate high‐resolution (1 mm
1 mm in‐plane resolution) quantitative parameter maps in simulation, phantom, and in vivo brain experiments. Reconstructed
and
values for the gel phantoms are in agreement with results from gold standard measurements and, for the in vivo experiments, the quantitative values show good agreement with literature values. In all experiments, short pulse sequences with robust Cartesian sampling are used, for which MR fingerprinting reconstructions are shown to fail.