bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic flavor types and component characteristics of Chinese traditional liquors: A review
Authors: Wei Yang , Zou Wei , Shen Cai‐Hong , Yang Jian‐Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChinese traditional liquor, a major type of global distilled spirits, offers a unique flavor system acquired across thousands of years of development. Owing to the various raw brewing materials, types of koji, fermentation vessels, and processes used during liquor production, significant differences can occur in the content of flavor chemical components, such as esters, alcohols, aromatics, ketones, nitrogen compounds, acids, and aldehydes in the resulting liquor. Therefore, the liquor can be characterized on the basis of four basic flavors: sauce‐, strong‐, light‐, and rice‐aroma, and eight derivative flavors: feng‐, sesame‐, chi‐, te‐, mixed‐, laobaigan‐, herbal‐, and fuyu‐aroma. In this review, we describe the production and development process of Chinese traditional liquor in detail; summarize the flavor types, flavor chemical composition characteristics, and research progress related to this liquor; and discuss the influence of trace chemical components on liquor flavor, with the aim of laying a theoretical foundation for stabilizing the quality and increasing the yield of traditional liquor.
Dabrafenib and trametinib therapy in an elderly patient with non‐small cell lung cancer harboring the BRAF V600E mutation
Authors: Dotsu Yosuke , Fukuda Minoru , Honda Noritaka , Gyotoku Hiroshi , Kohno Yoshihisa , Suyama Takayuki , Umeyama Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Takemoto Shinnosuke , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Miyazaki Taiga , Sakamoto Noriho , Obase Yasushi , Ikeda Hiroaki , Ashizawa Kazuto , Mukae Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDabrafenib and trametinib therapy for BRAF V600E‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has demonstrated strong antitumor effects in clinical trials and has been approved for use in clinical practice. However, the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy in elderly patients remain unclear. An 86‐year‐old male patient, who had been diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with the BRAF V600E mutation, received dabrafenib and trametinib combination chemotherapy. The tumor shrunk rapidly; however, therapy was discontinued after 40 days because adverse events (hypoalbuminemia, peripheral edema, and pneumonia) developed. Although this targeted combination therapy seemed to cause relatively severe adverse events compared with single‐agent targeted therapy in this “oldest old” elderly patient, the marked tumor shrinkage prolonged the patient's life and helped him to maintain a good general condition. Active targeted therapy may therefore be considered with appropriate drug dose reduction instead of conservative treatment, even if a patient is extremely old.
Linguistic Formality and Audience Engagement: Investors' Reactions to Characteristics of Social Media Disclosures*
Authors: Rennekamp Kristina M. , Witz Patrick D. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTAs firms increasingly use social media to provide disclosures to investors, it is important to understand whether the characteristics that are associated with these disclosures lead to different reactions from investors than disclosures provided via more traditional channels. In this paper, we use an experiment to examine whether linguistic formality in positive news disclosures, and engagement of social media users surrounding the disclosures (e.g., “likes” and “retweets”), affect investors' judgments about a firm and its management. Results suggest that, as predicted, investors are more sensitive to signals of audience engagement when disclosures use informal rather than formal language. Specifically, when associated with signals of high audience engagement, the use of informal language leads to greater willingness to invest than the use of formal language in a disclosure. However, also as predicted, the use of informal language hurts willingness to invest when associated with signals of low audience engagement. In two follow‐up experiments, we investigate how news valence and linguistic formality are expected to affect the level of audience engagement in the first place, and we investigate whether managers strategically vary their use of linguistic formality based on characteristics of the setting. Overall, our results provide evidence on how firms might use social media disclosures to better connect with investors. This study contributes to the growing literature on linguistic attributes of disclosures, and the emerging literature investigating the consequences of issuing financial disclosures through social media.
lefko3: Analysing individual history through size‐classified matrix population models
Authors: Shefferson Richard P. , Kurokawa Shun , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

The histories of individuals impact the dynamics of their populations. Matrix projection models (MPMs) are used to analyse population dynamics, but are not structured to incorporate these influences. Historical MPMs (hMPM) were developed to incorporate these impacts, but their complexity has left them little used. We developed r package lefko3 to provide simple, quick methods to estimate and analyse hMPMs, as well as ahistorical MPMs.

Package lefko3 handles the entire workflow from dataset organization to the construction and analysis of hMPMs. Dataset management functions reorganize most demographic data formats, and matrix creation functions estimate both raw and function‐based matrices. Vital rates may be modelled as mixed or generalized linear models, with model selection protocols involving current best practices.

The core kernels are binaries allowing even matrices with over 10,000 rows and columns to be estimated quickly without parallelization. We also include functions to conduct basic deterministic projection analyses.

Package lefko3, available on CRAN, dramatically reduces the difficulties in testing the impacts of individual history on population dynamics. We provide three vignettes to showcase how hMPMs can be developed and analysed.
Alcohol Use Disorder is Associated with Upregulation of MicroRNA‐34a and MicroRNA‐34c in Hippocampal Postmortem Tissue
Authors: Santos‐Bezerra Daniele P. , Cavaleiro Ana Mercedes , Santos Aritania Sousa , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Pasqualucci Carlos Augusto , Jacob‐Filho Wilson , Leite Renata Elaine Paraizo , Passarelli Marisa , Marie Suely Kazue Nagahashi , Machado Ubiratan Fabres , Correa‐Giannella Maria Lucia 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTo investigate epigenetic mechanisms potentially involved in the cognitive decline associated with chronic alcohol intake, we evaluated the expressions of three micro‐RNAs (miR‐34a, ‐34b, and ‐34c) highly expressed in the hippocampus and involved in neuronal physiology and pathology. MiR‐34a participates in functioning and survival of mature neurons; miR‐34b is associated with Alzheimer‐like disorders; and miR‐34c is implicated in the memory impairment of Alzheimer disease in rodents and humans.MethodsA total of 69 cases were selected from the Biobank for Aging Studies and categorized according to the absence (n = 50) or presence (n = 19) of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Cases presenting with neuropathological diagnoses of dementias were excluded. Total RNA was extracted from hippocampal paraffinized slices, complementary DNA was synthesized from miRs, and RT‐qPCR was performed with TaqMan® assays.ResultsHigher expressions of miR‐34a and miR‐34c, but not of miR‐34b, were found in the group with AUD in comparison with the group without AUD after adjustment for potential confounders (age, sex, body mass index, presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and physical inactivity).ConclusionsHippocampal upregulation of miR‐34a and miR‐34c may be involved in the cognitive decline associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
Cross‐Sectional Analysis of Spatial Working Memory Development in Children with Histories of Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Moore Eileen M. , Glass Leila , Infante M. Alejandra , Coles Claire D. , Kable Julie A. , Jones Kenneth L. , Riley Edward P. , Mattson Sarah N. ,   the CIFASD
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIn children with prenatal alcohol exposure, spatial working memory is affected and brain regions important for spatial working memory performance exhibit atypical neurodevelopment. We therefore hypothesized that children with prenatal alcohol exposure may also have atypical development of spatial working memory ability.MethodsWe examined the relation between spatial working memory and age using a cross‐sectional developmental trajectory approach in youth with and without histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Spatial Working Memory subtest was administered to children 5.0 to 16.9 years old.ResultsWhile the controls and children with prenatal alcohol exposure showed similar performance at younger ages, larger group differences were observed in older children. This effect was replicated in a separate sample.ConclusionsThe atypical brain development that has previously been reported in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure may have clinically relevant implications for cognitive development; however, longitudinal cognitive analyses are needed.
Heterogeneity of Executive Function Abilities in Recently Detoxified Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Evidence from a Cluster Analysis
Authors: Schmid Franca , Benzerouk Farid , Barrière Sarah , Henry Audrey , Limosin Frédéric , Kaladjian Arthur , Gierski Fabien 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundImpairments of executive functions (EF) have been consistently reported in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), mostly in studies which were based on comparisons of means between groups. However, given the high heterogeneity in AUD patients, this approach could actually cover a wide range of EF patterns. In the present study, we addressed the paucity of the literature about cognitive heterogeneity in AUD by applying a cluster analytical approach on EF measures.MethodsSeventy‐eight withdrawn AUD patients and 77 healthy Control participants completed measures targeting a variety of EF components. We then used cluster analysis to identify subgroups of AUD patients. Furthermore, the AUD subgroups were compared to the Control group to establish their specific EF patterns.ResultsFindings showed that AUD patients could be divided into 3 clusters based on their EF performances. A first cluster accounting for half of the AUD sample was characterized by unimpaired EF (Cluster 1). The 2 other clusters displayed major EF deficits but differed regarding the deficient EF component. While Cluster 2 was mainly impaired on measures of rule deduction and mental flexibility, Cluster 3 was mainly characterized by a lower processing speed and impaired inhibition of an ongoing motor response. Differences in EF performances of AUD patients could be related to differences in premorbid cognitive reserve, impulsiveness patterns, and withdrawal complications.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of the cognitive heterogeneity in AUD by showing that AUD patients display substantially different EF patterns. Future studies should try to go beyond mere group comparisons to further deepen our understanding about cognitive differences between AUD patients. In the long run, this could lead to more personalized prevention and treatment programs specifically tailored to the patient’s impairments.
Utilization of extracorporeal life support for diffuse alveolar damage and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: A systematic review
Authors: Reddy Haritha G. , Maynes Elizabeth J. , Saxena Abhiraj , Austin Melissa A. , O’Malley Thomas J. , Gadda Marc N. , Al‐Rawas Nawar N. , Baram Michael , Awsare Bharat K. , Massey H. Todd , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractModern extracorporeal life‐support (ECLS) technology has been successfully utilized to treat patients with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH); however, reports in the literature remain scarce. We sought to pool existing evidence to better characterize ECLS use in these patients. An electronic search was conducted to identify all studies in the English literature reporting the use of ECLS for DAD/DAH. Thirty‐two articles consisting of 38 patients were selected, and patient‐level data were extracted and pooled for analysis. Median patient age was 36 [IQR: 27, 48] years, and the majority (63.2%) were female. Most common etiological factors included granulomatosis with polyangiitis (8/38, 21.1%), systemic lupus erythematosus (8/38, 21.1%), Goodpasture's syndrome (4/38, 10.5%), and microscopic polyangiitis (4/38, 10.5%). Immunologic markers included anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in 15/38 (39.5%), anti‐nuclear antibody (ANA) in 6/38 (15.8%), and anti‐glomerular basement membrane (anti‐GBM) antibodies in 4/38 (10.5%). DAH was present in 32/38 (84.2%) of cases and DAD without evidence of DAH was present in 6/38 (15.8%) of cases. ECLS strategies included extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of veno‐venous type (VV‐ECMO) in 28/38 (73.7%), veno‐arterial type (VA‐ECMO) in 5/38 (13.2%), and one case of right ventricular assist device with oxygenator (RVAD‐ECMO). Heparin was utilized in 18/38 (47.4%) of cases with no difference in use between DAH versus no DAH (P = .46) or VA‐ versus VV‐ECLS (P = 1). Median duration of ECLS was 10 [5, 14] days. Pre‐ versus post‐ECLS comparison of blood gases showed improvement in median PaO2 (49 [45, 59] mm Hg vs. 80 [70, 99] mm Hg, P < .001), PaO2:FiO2 ratio (48.2 [41.4, 54.8] vs. 182.0 [149.4, 212.2], P < .01), and pulse oximetry values (76% [72, 80] vs. 96% [94, 97], P = .086). Overall, 94.7% (36/38) of patients survived to decannulation while 30‐day mortality was 10.5% (4/38) with no differences between VA‐ and VV‐ECMO (P = 1 and P = .94, respectively). DAD/DAH occurs in a younger, predominantly female population, and tends to be associated with systemic autoimmune processes. ECLS, independent of its type, appears to result in favorable short‐term survival.
Dynamic extracorporeal life support: A novel management modality in temporary cardio‐circulatory assistance
Authors: Lo Coco Valeria , Swol Justyna , De Piero Maria Elena , Massimi Giulio , Chiarini Giovanni , Broman Lars Mikael , Lorusso Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a temporary mechanical assistance method employed in acute respiratory, cardiocirculatory, and cardio‐respiratory failure, refractory to conventional treatments. Patient's hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic condition, or situations related to ECLS support or performance, may change during ECLS treatment. Provision of an additional drainage or perfusion cannula, or even of an additional associated device, for example, transaortic suction device or intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP), may be required to improve the ECLS/patient interaction and effects. Besides such a modified ECLS mode, however, a potential asset is represented by the “dynamic ECLS,” which is the change of the flow direction (drainage or perfusion) in the already implanted cannula during the ECLS run. This particular management may be achieved in venous femoral or jugular cannulation, but it finds an even more appealing potential with the pulmonary artery (PA) cannulation. The PA allows the institution of a multitasking ECLS circuit, ranging from enhanced left ventricle (LV) unloading (drainage from the PA) to a right ventricular support or “central” veno‐venous ECLS (perfusing the PA), tailored according to the patient hemodynamic, gas exchange, metabolic state, underlying cardiac involvement, and ECLS performance. Dynamic ECLS may, therefore, represent an additional option in ECLS management, particularly including the PA cannulation. Based on this new dynamic management of ECLS mode, we propose the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization nomenclature update.
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children rose and fell with the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in France
Authors: Carbajal Ricardo , Lorrot Mathie , Levy Yael , Grimprel Emmanuel , Lecarpentier Thibault , Heritier Sebastien , Faivre Judith , Schnuriger Aurélie , Parisot Pauline , Blondiaux Eléonore , Loschi Solene , Rivière Simon , Guilbert Julia , Romain Anne‐Sophie , Leger Pierre‐Louis , Guedj Romain 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThis study determined the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the occurrence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) and compared the main characteristics of MIS‐C and Kawasaki disease (KD).MethodsWe included patients aged up to 18 years of age who were diagnosed with MIS‐C or KD in a paediatric university hospital in Paris from 1 January 2018 to 15 July 2020. Clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics were compared, and new French COVID‐19 cases were correlated with MIS‐C cases in our hospital.ResultsThere were seven children with MIS‐C, from 6 months to 12 years of age, who were all positive for the virus that causes COVID‐19, and 40 virus‐negative children with KD. Their respective characteristics were as follows: under 5 years of age (14.3% vs. 85.0%), paediatric intensive care unit admission (100% vs. 10.0%), abdominal pain (71.4% vs. 12.5%), myocardial dysfunction (85.7% vs. 5.0%), shock syndrome (85.7% vs. 2.5%) and mean and standard deviation C‐reactive protein (339 ± 131 vs. 153 ± 87). There was a strong lagged correlation between the rise and fall in MIS‐C patients and COVID‐19 cases.ConclusionThe rise and fall of COVID‐19 first wave mirrored the MIS‐C cases. There were important differences between MIS‐C and KD.
Influence of single nucleotide polymorphism of LAT1 on therapeutic response to gabapentinoids in Pakistani patients with neuropathic pain
Authors: Shaheen Abida , Alam Syed Mahboob , Azam Fahad , Khan Moosa , Ahmad Saleem Salman , Liaquat Afrose , Mumtaz Sana 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGabapentinoids are substrate of L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) for distribution across the blood‐brain barrier. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of LAT1 rs4240803 genetic polymorphism on the clinical efficacy and tolerability of gabapentinoids in Pakistani patients with neuropathic pain. Three‐hundred and ninety‐two patients were recruited, genotyped for SNP rs4240803, and followed up for eight weeks to evaluate the clinical response to gabapentinoids in terms of pain relief, inadequate response, and the emergence of adverse events. LAT1 rs4240803 GG, GA, and AA genotype frequency were 33.42%, 47.96% and 18.62%, respectively. Out of 392 patients, 323 responded to the treatment and 17.6% discontinued either due to insufficient response or intolerable adverse events (AEs). GA genotype was more frequent in non‐responder group (P ˂ 0.001). Maximum pain responders (≥50%) in combination with the lowest incidence of AEs were observed in the GG group, whereas partial responders belonged to GA genotype and with the highest frequency of somnolence (83.6%) and dizziness (69.9%). Overall, 72.5% patients with GA genotype experienced AEs (P ˂ 0.001). In conclusion, clinical outcomes of gabapentinoids are influenced by LAT1 rs4240803 polymorphism and population pharmacogenetics should be considered to evaluate the maximum potential of gabapentinoids in the management of neuropathic pain.
Assessment of adherence to corticosteroids in asthma by drug monitoring or fractional exhaled nitric oxide: A literature review
Authors: Alahmadi Fahad , Peel Adam , Keevil Brian , Niven Rob , Fowler Stephen J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in controlling asthma is widely accepted, its effectiveness is undermined by poor adherence. However, the optimal method for measuring adherence to asthma therapy remains unclear.ObjectiveTo perform a review of the literature reporting biological, objective methods for assessing adherence to inhaled or oral corticosteroids in asthma; we included studies reporting direct measurement of exogenous corticosteroids in blood, or the effect of adherence on exhaled nitric oxide.DesignWe searched three databases MEDLINE (using both PubMed and Ovid), the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science for articles published between January 1975 and July 2020. Quality of the studies was assessed using the National Institute of Health checklist.ResultsFrom 2850 screened articles, 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Measurement of blood prednisolone with or without cortisol was used in eight studies as a measure of oral corticosteroid adherence, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in 17 studies for inhaled corticosteroid adherence. Inhaled corticosteroids were measured directly in the blood in one study. By direct measurement of drug levels in the blood, adherence rates to oral corticosteroids ranged from 47% to 92%, although the performance and timing of the test were often not known, making interpretation of findings and serum prednisolone concentrations difficult. FeNO is generally lower in adherent than non‐adherent patients, but no absolute cut‐off can be proposed based on the available data. However, a fall in FeNO following supervised inhaled corticosteroid dosing could indicate previous poor adherence.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDespite prednisolone and cortisol levels commonly being used as adherence markers in clinical practice, further work is required to assess the influence of the dose and timing on blood levels. The promising findings of FeNO suppression testing should be explored in further prospective studies.
Null variants in DYSF result in earlier symptom onset
Authors: Park Hyung Jun , Hong Young Bin , Hong Ji‐Man , Yun UnKyu , Kim Seung Woo , Shin Ha Young , Kim Seung Min , Choi Young‐Chul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated the clinical, laboratory, and genetic spectra in Korean patients with dysferlinopathy to clarify its genotype–phenotype correlation. We retrospectively reviewed 101 patients from 96 unrelated families with pathogenic variants of DYSF. The most common initial phenotype was Miyoshi myopathy in 50 patients. Median ages at examination and symptom onset were 23 [interquartile range (IQR): 18–30] and 36 years [IQR: 27–48], respectively. We observed 38 variants, including nine novel variants. Four variants (c.2494C > T, c.1284 + 2 T > C, c.663 + 1G > C, and c.2997G > T) in DYSF accounted for 62% of total allele frequencies of pathogenic variants. To analyze the genotype–phenotype correlation, we compared the clinical phenotype between patients with null/null (N/N; n = 55) and null/missense variants (N/M; n = 35). The N/N group had an earlier symptom onset age (median: 20 years [IQR: 17–25]) than the N/M group (median: 29 years [IQR: 23–35], p < .001). Total manual muscle testing scores in lower extremities were lower in the N/N group (median: 80 [IQR: 56–92]) than in the N/M group (median: 89 [IQR: 78–98], p = .013). Our study is the first to report that null variants in DYSF result in an earlier symptom onset than missense variants.