bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of universal adaptations of life is driven by universal properties of matter: energy, entropy, and interaction
Authors: Cohen Irun R. , Marron Assaf 
Published: September 2020

The evolution of multicellular eukaryotes expresses two sorts of adaptations: local adaptations like fur or feathers, which characterize species in particular environments, and universal adaptations like microbiomes or sexual reproduction, which characterize most multicellulars in any environment. We reason that the mechanisms driving the universal adaptations of multicellulars should themselves be universal, and propose a mechanism based on properties of matter and systems:energy,entropy, andinteraction.Energyfrom the sun, earth and beyond creates new arrangements and interactions. Metabolic networks channel some of this energy to form cooperating, interactive arrangements.Entropy, used here as a term for all forces that dismantle ordered structures (rather than as a physical quantity), acts as a selective force. Entropy selects for arrangements that resist it long enough to replicate, and dismantles those that do not.Interactions, energy-charged and dynamic, restrain entropy and enable survival and propagation of integrated living systems. This fosterssurvival-of-the-fitted– those entities that resist entropic destruction – and not only of the fittest – the entities with the greatest reproductive success. The “unit” of evolution is not a discrete entity, such as a gene, individual, or species; what evolves are collections of related interactions at multiple scales. Survival-of-the-fitted explains universal adaptations, including resident microbiomes, sexual reproduction, continuous diversification, programmed turnover, seemingly wasteful phenotypes, altruism, co-evolving environmental niches, and advancing complexity. Indeed survival-of-the-fittest may be a particular case of the survival-of-the-fitted mechanism, promoting local adaptations that express reproductive advantages in addition to resisting entropy. Survival-of-the-fitted accounts for phenomena that have been attributed to neutral evolution: in the face of entropy, there is no neutrality; all variations are challenged by ubiquitous energy and entropy, retaining those that are “fit enough”. We propose experiments to test predictions of the survival-of-the-fitted theory, and discuss implications for the wellbeing of humans and the biosphere.
Classifying colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps in endoscopic setting using convolutional neural network: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keshtkar Kamyab , Keshtkar Abbas , Safarpour Alireza 
Published: September 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Although colonoscopy screening has been proven as an effective strategy for preventing CRC unfortunately, even conventional colonoscopy by expert gastroenterologists can miss adenomas or pre-cancerous lesions in up to 25% of cases. This systematic review aimed to classify colorectal polyps (CRP) or CRC in endoscopic clinic settings using a new machine learning method, convolutional neural network (CNN). Methods: We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, Inspec, ProQuest, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, ScienceOpen, arXiv, and bioRxiv from 1st January 2010 to the 31th of July 2020. Our search will not be restricted based on language or geographical area. The primary studies will be selected that have observational design (cross-sectional, case control or cohort); the study subjects will be adult patients (>= 18 years old) referred to colonoscopy clinics; and the results of their colonoscopy evaluation will be available in the form of images or videos. The extracted data will be combined using meta-analysis of prediction models. The primary data synthesis will be performed based on area under curve-receiver operating characteristic curve and/or accuracy measures. We will use Stata version 14.2 (Statacorp; College Station, TX) for primary and secondary data synthesis. Conclusion: The inferences of our secondary research will provide evidence to evaluate the prognostic role of CNN in discriminating CRP or CRC in colonoscopy settings.
Evaluation of batch fraction, corn silage inclusion level, and mixing duration on long particle distribution of finishing diets for beef cattle
Authors: Buckhaus Elizabeth M. , Smerchek Dathan T. , Smith Zachary K. 
Published: September 2020

Background: Differing fractions of a batch of feed, differing ingredient characteristics, and inadequate mix time can lead to non-uniformity within a mix of feed. Methods: The experiment was designed as a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with seven replications per simple treatment mean. Factors included: 1) batch fraction (BF; n = 5); 2) corn silage inclusion level (CSLVL; n = 2) 15% or 30% inclusion (dry matter basis); and 3) mixing duration (DR; n = 2) of 20 or 25 mixer revolutions. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using a binomial approach. The Penn State Particle Separator was used to separate fractions of the total mixed ration (TMR). Results: No interactions between BF, CSLVL, and DR were detected (P ≥ 0.31) for any dependent variables. There was an increase (P = 0.01) in retention on the 19 mm sieve from the first BF compared to the last BF. CSLVL altered (P = 0.01) retention on the 19 mm sieve. Increasing DR from 20 to 25 revolutions had no appreciable influence (P = 0.23) on particles greater than 19 mm. CSLVL (P = 0.01) and DR (P = 0.01) altered particle retention on the 8 mm sieve. BF (P = 0.01), CSLVL (P = 0.01), and DR (P = 0.02), influenced particle retention on the 4 mm sieve. CSLVL impacted (P ≤ 0.01) particles remaining in the bottom pan and particles greater than 4 mm. BF (P = 0.01) and CSLVL (P = 0.01) altered particles greater than 8 mm. Conclusions: These data indicate that BF and CSLVL fed alters particle size distribution that in turn could alter dry matter intake, dietary net energy content, and influence daily gain. Mixing DR had no appreciable influence on particle size distribution of the TMR.
Body Orientation and Points of Contact during Laboratory-Based Machinery Egress: Investigating Adherence to Safety Guidelines
Authors: Kingston David C. , Bashiri Behzad , Omoniyi Abisola , Trask Catherine M. 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsMost of the experienced operators performed machine egress facing out from the cab.Egress was 2.5 s longer when facing in toward the machine, but no differences were observed in points of contact maintained when compared to egress facing out.Maintaining at least three points of contact during egress was observed for only approximately 30% of egress duration.A one-hour exposure to whole-body vibration did not change points of contact behavior nor egress duration when performing egress while facing out.Abstract. Mobile farm machinery operators are at a high risk of injury when entering (ingress) and exiting (egress) the cabs of such machinery due to slips and falls. Safety organizations and equipment manufacturers have delivered a consistent message: operators are to egress machines facing in, toward the access path, and maintain three points of contact at all times. This study used a laboratory-based model of a mid-sized agricultural tractor to determine adherence to best practices for safety and the effect of acute whole-body vibration exposure on compliance. The majority of 19 experienced operators (16 male, 3 female) performed machinery egress facing out from the cab because descending while facing in toward the machine took 2.5 s longer. Maintaining at least three points of contact during egress was observed for only approximately 30% of egress duration, but was as high as approximately 41% for participants who self-selected the facing-in orientation. Exposure to 1 h of whole-body vibration did not change points of contact behavior nor trial duration when performing egress while facing out. Overall, the model cab used in this study had safety features similar to a real-world machine, indicating that there may be opportunities in access path or cab door design to promote increased points of contact use. Future work is needed to accurately assess three-dimensional movement patterns and external forces for disease and injury risk models. Keywords: Access path, Farm machinery, Safety guidelines, Occupational injury.
Effects of Compression Stockings on the Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Astilia Astilia , Bandiara Ria , Kosasih Cecep Eli , Ibrahim Kusman 
Published: September 2020

Background: Obstruction Sleep Apnea (OSA) in hemodialysis patients is a sleep disorder that involves stopping or decreasing air flow to breathe during sleep due to excess fluid in the leg. Compression Stockings (CS) with 30-40 mmHg are high pressure elastic stockings that are assumed to reduce foot fluid accumulation during the day and to prevent overnight fluid shifting to the neck.Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effects of 30-40 mmHg CS on the risk of OSA in hemodialysis patients.Method: This research used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest with control group design. A purposive sampling was applied to recruit as many as 68 hemodialysis patients. The risk score of OSA was measured using STOP Bang questionnaire. High pressure CS were given for one week to the intervention group with two OSA measurements on the 4th and 7th days. The data then were analyzed using the Post Hoc Wilcoxon test and the Mann Whitney test.Results: There was a significant difference between the risk score for OSA before and after the use of 30-40 mmHg Compression Stocking in the intervention group on day 4 (p=0.000) and day 7 (p=0.000) compared to the control group.Conclusion: High pressure CS decreased the risk of OSA in hemodialysis patients by avoiding fluid retention in the legs, thus preventing fluid shifting to the neck. CS should be recommended as an alternative to prevent the risk of OSA in hemodialysis patients.
Aproximación conceptual de las competencias en el contexto educativo
Authors: Guío Gutiérrez Fernando 
Published: September 2020

El concepto de competencias se ha venido trasladando del ámbito empresarial a las instituciones educativas, fundamentalmente hacia la educación superior, que busca procesos educativos de calidad en oposición a los modelos establecidos tradicionalmente fundamentados en la transmisión de la información, centradas en el docente y su conocimiento, con poca intervención activa de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, en el entorno académico se han establecido una serie de conceptos sobre las competencias que generan comprensiones equivocadas del término. En este sentido, se propone una aproximación conceptual y algunas reflexiones sobre el desarrollo del enfoque basado en competencias en la institución educativa.
Aportes de una metodología lúdica al aprendizaje de los estudiantes que cursan la cátedra de morfofisiología en la facultad de cultura física, deporte y recreación
Authors: Narváez Duarte Melisa Andrea , Macías Nova Juan Pablo , Acosta Corredor Duvan Felipe , Fonseca Zamora Francisco Javier , Ruíz González Lady Johanna 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo:El proyecto se enfoca en establecer los aportes derivados de una metodología lúdica en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes que cursan la cátedra de Morfofisiología en la Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación de la Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá. Método: La investigación cuenta con un enfoque mixto: de tipo explicativo y micro-etnográfico, con una muestra poblacional compuesta por 24 estudiantes pertenecientes al curso de Morfofisiología 2D 2018-1. Resultados:En la fase cuantitativa se pretendía un incremento en las calificaciones de los estudiantes en esta cátedra, pero éste no fue significativo para el estudio; mientras que en la fase cualitativa se identificaron aportes relacionados con la importancia de un ambiente motivador y que genere felicidad en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, facilitando con éste la cohesión grupal y los procesos asociativos por medio del juego. Conclusión: La combinación entre la educación tradicional y la lúdica son potenciadores en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
Comparison of ultrasonography and X-ray test for lateral malleolar fracture in ankle sprain
Authors: FeizDisfani Hamideh , Bolvardi Ehsan , Shourabi Mohadeseh , Sharifi Mohammad Davood , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad , Farzaneh Roohie 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The use of ultrasonography for diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries, especially fractures, in the emergency department is on the rise because of its good diagnostic value. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of bedside ultrasonography in detecting the patients suffering from lateral malleolar fractures with an ankle sprain mechanism.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on patients having acute ankle injuries with ankle sprain mechanism and diagnosed with lateral malleolar tenderness. All patients underwent bedside ultrasonography with a 7.5 - 10 MHz probe by an emergency medicine specialist who was assisted by a radiologist. Next, they underwent lateral ankle and anteroposterior (AP) X-rays by another emergency medicine specialist who was blinded from the ultrasonography results. The ultrasonography and X-Ray results were then compared.
Results: A total of 244 patients participated in this study, of whom 92 (37.70%) were diagnosed with lateral malleolar fracture through bedside ultrasonography and X-Ray tests. The results showed that ultrasonography had a sensitivity of 96.84% and a specificity of 97.31%. The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 36.07 and 0.0325, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of bedside ultrasonography were 95.83% and 97.98%, respectively. Finally, the results indicated a percent agreement (accuracy) of 97.13% between the two tests with Kappa coefficient of 0.94 (z = 14.68, P value < 0.01).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that bedside ultrasonography has a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of lateral malleolar fractures with an ankle sprain mechanism. Conducting further studies will lead to the use of this diagnostic test in the emergency department.
A májbetegségek progresszióját meghatározó tényezők, különös tekintettel a szabad gyökös reakciókra
Authors: Hagymási Krisztina , Egresi Anna , Lengyel Gabriella , Blázovics Anna 
Published: September 2020

Absztrakt:
Az idült májbetegségek a megbetegedési és halálozási statisztikák vezető okai. A
vírusfertőzések, toxikus bántalmak, anyagcsere-, autoimmun, tárolási betegségek
okozta májkárosodások, a károsító hatás tartós fennállása esetén, a máj
kötőszövetes átépüléséhez vezethetnek. A folyamat komplex, nem is minden
részletében ismert; egyértelmű szerepük van benne sejteknek, citokinek,
kemokinek felszabadulásának, bizonyos hepatokinek megváltozott elválasztásának,
a lipotoxicitásnak, a veleszületett immunitásnak, a bélmikrobiomnak, a
fémionoknak, valamint a szabad gyökös folyamatoknak is. Az idült májbetegségek
gyakran tünetszegényen zajlanak, gyakran már csak a kötőszövetes átépülés, a
májelégtelenség vagy a hepatocellularis carcinoma stádiumában kerülnek
kórismézésre, amikor a kórjóslat rossz, és a kezelési lehetőségek is
korlátozottak. A kutatások középpontját képezi olyan nem invazív, megfelelően
érzékeny és fajlagos biomarkerek megtalálása, amelyek a májbiopszia szükségét
csökkentik, a májban zajló folyamatot, a progresszióját jelezhetik, valamint a
kezelés hatását is lemérik. A szerzők ismertetik a leggyakoribb idült
májbetegségek progressziójában szerepet játszó folyamatokat, külön kitérve az
egyes kórképekben a pro/antioxidáns egyensúlyt jellemző paraméterekre,
hangsúlyozva egy kombinált biomarker szükségességét. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(35):
1441–1448.
От объекта к среде: поиск новых подходов к устойчивому развитию исторических территорий
Authors: Карасельникова Ирина Васильевна , Стадников Виталий Эдуардович 
Published: September 2020

Территории исторических центров российских городов, выпавших в советское время из фокуса градостроительных политик, становятся объектом интереса частных застройщиков. Девелопмент на этих территориях ведет к утрате полезных параметрических характеристик среды, сформированных эволюционным путем: этажности, размеров землепользования, плотности застройки и пр.
Позиция публичной власти по этому вопросу сводится преимущественно к сохранению отдельных объектов культурного наследия с помощью установления охранных зон. «Историческое поселение» как инструмент, недавно появившийся в отечественной практике, позволяет индивидуализировать подход к территориям исторических центров: задать для них регламенты регулирования параметров застройки. Однако авторы статьи придерживаются той точки зрения, что данный инструментарий не является исчерпывающим, если речь идет не просто о сохранении объектов, а о запуске процесса развития территории.
С переходом к рыночной экономике собственники недвижимости, девелоперы, горожане становятся полноправными участниками городского развития со своими стимулами и интересами. Сегодня логика «сохранения» часто противопоставляется логике «развития», так как установление жесткого параметрического регулирования в краткосрочной перспективе сопряжено со снижением частных выгод каждого из игроков. Поэтому охранные меры должны дополняться комплексом мер по стимулированию, позволяющим превратить наследие в капитализируемый актив и нивелировать разницу между частными и социальными эффектами.
В первой части статьи авторы обращаются к теории городской морфологии, дающей возможность определить потенциал, которым обладает историческая среда. Во второй части дан обзор зарубежных подходов и инструментария, используемого в процессе ревитализации исторических территорий. В третьей части авторы предлагают рассмотреть существующие российские практики с позиции горожан, девелоперов и органов власти с учетом того институционального контекста, который их окружает. В качестве иллюстрации процессов, происходящих в российских городах, выбран кейс исторического центра Самары.
Оптика нового институционализма позволяет пересмотреть подходы к оценке стимулов и эффектов, оценить вклад различных факторов в инвестиционную привлекательность территории и процесс развития в целом.
SURVEI SARANA DAN PRASARANA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN KESEHATAN DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI DI KABUPATEN PASURUAN
Authors: Cahyati Nunuk Nur , Hariyanto Eko 
Published: September 2020

Hasil observasi awal diketahui bahwa sarana dan prasarana pendidikan jasmani dan kesehatan masih sangat minim dan tidak layak untuk dipakai oleh setiap sekolah maka guru memberikan pembelajaran dengan sarana dan prasarana seadanya. Tujuan penelitain ini untuk mengetahui keadaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan jasmani dan kesehatan. metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Hasil Penelitian menjunjukkan menunjukkan bahwa sarana dan prasarana senam dalam kategori E sedangkan untuk prasarananya dalam kategori E. Keadaan sarana dan permainan dalam kategori D sedangkan untuk prasarananya dalam kategori D.Untuk keadaan sarana atletik dalam kategori E sedangkan prasrananya dalam kategori E. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa sarana dan prasarana yang ada di Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kabpuaten Pasuruan masih dalam kategori D.
Perbedaan Tingkat Kebugaran Jasmani dan Kecepatan Tendangan Antara Atlet Pencak Silat Persaudaraan Setia Hati Terate (PSHT) Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) Universitas Negeri Malang dan Universitas Brawijaya
Authors: Amirudin Rizal , Mu’arifin Mu’arifin 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan multimedia interaktif latihan kekuatan menggunakan latihan beban untuk mengatasi masalah yang muncul dalam perkuliahan spesialisasi kondisi fisik dasar. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan analisis kebutuhan menggunakan angket kepada 28 orang mahasiswa pendidikan kepelatihan olahraga. Hasil pengembangan produk multimedia interaktif latihan kekuatan pada matakuliah spesialisasi kondisi fisik dasar diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: hasil evaluasi ahli kepelatihan 87,33%, hasil evaluasi ahli media 81,82%, hasil uji coba kelompok kecil 89,6% hasilnya baik, hasil uji coba kelompok besar 90,07% hasilnya sangat baik. Sehingga produk ini layak untuk digunakan.
A clinicopathological study on fungal infection in nasal polyposis
Authors: Paventhan K. , Lakshmi Narayana M. , P. N. Aswin Vaishali 
Published: September 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal polyposis is a multifactorial disease. Despite the presence of numerous theories proposed towards the aetiology of nasal polyp, inflammation is the main causative factor. Fungi can impair the local immune system and bring about an inflammatory response causing polyp formation. The aim and objective of the research was to know the prevalence of fungal infection in nasal polyposis and to assess the microbiological and pathological features of fungi in nasal polyposis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 100 patients operated for nasal polyposis were included in the study excluding immune-compromised patients. All the nasal polyposis cases were subjected to clinical examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy and medical treatment before undergoing surgical treatment. Polyps removed were subjected to histopathological examination (HPE) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount examination under microscope. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of the 100 patients studied 66 patients (66%) were in the age group between 31 to 60 years. 85 patients had bilateral polyps, in which fungal element was isolated in 11 patients and among 15 patients with antrochoanal polyp 1 patient had fungal isolates. Of the 17 patients who had previous history of surgery, fungi were isolated in 4 patients and the rest were from patient who got operated for the first time. 3 out of the 8 patients, who had recurrence, were positive for fungal infection.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fungi are found to be more prevalent in nasal polyps and fungi can be considered as one of the main causative factor for formation of nasal polyposis and its recurrence after surgery. Anti-fungal agents could be a helping hand in the management of nasal polyposis to prevent its recurrence.</p><p> </p>
Surgical treatment of pterygium in melanoderma: Preliminary results of the conjunctival autograft at the infirmary of bamako hospital
Authors: G Y R R Elien , Seydou Bakayoko , Mohamed Kolé Sidibe 
Published: September 2020

Pterygium is a benign eye disease with varying prevalence in different regions. Ultraviolet light is the main risk factor. The curative treatment is surgical, but it remains incompletely effective with recurrences that are not rare. Many techniques are described alone or combined with adjuvant treatments. The aim of our work is to evaluate the preliminary outcome of pterygial excision with conjunctival autograft.A prospective study was carried out between May 2016 and October 2017 in the ophthalmology department of the Bamako Hospital Infirmary. It included 81 patients who had a primary or recurrent pterygium operated on in the department.The average age was 45.74 years. The sex ratio was 1.13 M/F. Of the 81 pterygions operated on, 14.8% were stage IV and 16% recurrent, with nasal localization in 92.6%. Conjunctival hyperhaemia more or less associated with subconjunctival haemorrhage was present until postoperative day 15. We noted 4.9% recurrence.There is no consensus in the surgical treatment of pterygions. The technique of removal of the pterygium associated with conjunctival autograft would induce fewer complications and the least recurrence.Early management of pterygium with the autograft technique remains the best therapeutic choice for this condition.