bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune dysfunction in MGAT2‐CDG: A clinical report and review of the literature
Authors: Poskanzer Sheri A. , Schultz Matthew J. , Turgeon Coleman T. , Vidal‐Folch Noemi , Liedtke Kris , Oglesbee Devin , Gavrilov Dimitar K. , Tortorelli Silvia , Matern Dietrich , Rinaldo Piero , Bennett James T. , Thies Jenny M. , Chang Irene J. , Beck Anita E. , Raymond Kimiyo , Allenspach Eric J. , Lam Christina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGlycosylation is a critical post/peri‐translational modification required for the appropriate development and function of the immune system. As an example, abnormalities in glycosylation can cause antibody deficiency and reduced lymphocyte signaling, although the phenotype can be complex given the diverse roles of glycosylation. Human MGAT2 encodes N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase II, which is a critical enzyme in the processing of oligomannose to complex N‐glycans. Complex N‐glycans are essential for immune system functionality, but only one individual with MGAT2‐CDG has been described to have an abnormal immunologic evaluation. MGAT2‐CDG (CDG‐IIa) is a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) associated with profound global developmental disability, hypotonia, early onset epilepsy, and other multisystem manifestations. Here, we report a 4‐year old female with MGAT2‐CDG due to a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in MGAT2, a 4‐base pair deletion, c.1006_1009delGACA. In addition to clinical features previously described in MGAT2‐CDG, she experienced episodic asystole, persistent hypogammaglobulinemia, and defective ex vivo mitogen and antigen proliferative responses, but intact specific vaccine antibody titers. Her infection history has been mild despite the testing abnormalities. We compare this patient to the 15 previously reported patients in the literature, thus expanding both the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum for MGAT2‐CDG.
School readiness is more than the child: a latent class analysis of child, family, school and community aspects of school readiness
Authors: Christensen Daniel , Taylor Catherine L. , Hancock Kirsten J. , Zubrick Stephen R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we aim to contribute to the understanding of the multidimensional nature of school readiness. In a sample of over 4,000 Australian children in their first year of school, we used latent class analysis to examine patterns of school readiness based on child, family, school and community characteristics, and examine the relationship between these patterns of school readiness and subsequent outcomes (reading comprehension, school absence and emotional and behavioural difficulties). We identified four distinct groups: a Developmentally Enabled group (70 per cent of children), a Parenting Risk group (16 per cent of children), an Emotionally Immature Risk group (7 per cent of children) and a Language and Developmental Risks group (7 per cent of children). The four profiles showed differential patterns of association with low reading comprehension and emotional and behavioural difficulties at age 8, but no association with school absence. The study highlights the importance of family, school and community factors when considering school readiness.
Parametererregter Festkörperschwingungsdämpfer für biaxial angeregte Ingenieurkonstruktionen
Authors: Reiterer Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEin parametererregter Festkörperschwingungsdämpfer wird für die Anwendung zur Schwingungsdämpfung von biaxial angeregten Ingenieurkonstruktionen vorgestellt. Zu Beginn werden die gekoppelten nichtlinearen Bewegungsdifferenzialgleichungen hergeleitet und das Phänomen der Parameterresonanz bei Festkörperschwingungsdämpfern analysiert. Bei Übereinstimmung der vertikalen Schwingfrequenz des Hauptsystems mit einer Parameterresonanzfrequenz wird der Festkörperschwingungsdämpfer zu instabilen parametererregten Schwingungen angeregt. Die Auswirkungen dieser parametererregten Schwingungen auf die erzielbare Dämpfungswirkung werden im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes an einem eingeschossigen Stockwerkrahmen untersucht. Es wird ein Kriterium zur Vermeidung von Parameterresonanz angegeben. Im zweiten Teil des Aufsatzes wird eine Methode zur gezielten Nutzung der Parameterresonanz bei Festkörperschwingungsdämpfern zur Reduktion der vertikalen Schwingungen von Ingenieurkonstruktionen dargelegt und anhand einer biaxial angeregten Fußgängerbrücke verifiziert. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich bei passender Wahl der Dämpferparameter trotz des Auftretens der Parameterresonanz eine über den Schwingungsverlauf stabile Bewegung des Festkörperschwingungsdämpfers ausbildet und dass die max. vertikalen Schwingungsamplituden des Hauptsystems durch gezielte Nutzung des Parameterresonanzeffekts signifikant reduziert werden können.
Point cloud semantic scene segmentation based on coordinate convolution
Authors: Zhang Zhaoxuan , Li Kun , Yin Xuefeng , Piao Xinglin , Wang Yuxin , Yang Xin , Yin Baocai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPoint cloud semantic segmentation, a crucial research area in the 3D computer vision, lies at the core of many vision and robotics applications. Due to the irregular and disordered of the point cloud, however, the application of convolution on point clouds is challenging. In this article, we propose the “coordinate convolution,” which can effectively extract local structural information of the point cloud, to solve the inapplicability of conventional convolution neural network (CNN) structures on the 3D point cloud. The “coordinate convolution” is a projection operation of three planes based on the local coordinate system of each point. Specifically, we project the point cloud on three planes in the local coordinate system with a joint 2D convolution operation to extract its features. Additionally, we leverage a self‐encoding network based on image semantic segmentation U‐Net structure as the overall architecture of the point cloud semantic segmentation algorithm. The results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibited excellent performances for point cloud data sets corresponding to various scenes.
Safety and efficacy of first‐line cryoablation for para‐hisian ventricular arrhythmias using a cryomapping protocol approach: A case series
Authors: Mizutani Yoshiaki , Yanagisawa Satoshi , Kanashiro Masaaki , Inden Yasuya , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA first‐line cryoablation for para‐Hisian VAs using a strict cryomapping protocol is useful and safe, even if the His bundle potential is recorded on the ablation catheter.
Configurational and Constitutional Dynamics of Enamine Molecular Switches
Authors: Ren Yansong , Kravchenko Oleksandr , Ramström Olof 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDual configurational and constitutional dynamics in systems based on enamine molecular switches has been systematically studied. pH‐responsive moieties, such as 2‐pyridyl and 2‐quinolinyl units, were required on the „stator“ part, also providing enamine stability through intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding (IMHB) effects. Upon protonation or deprotonation, forward and backward switching could be rapidly achieved. Extension of the stator π‐system in the 2‐quinolinyl derivative provided a higher E‐isomeric equilibrium ratio under neutral conditions, pointing to a means to achieve quantitative forward/backward isomerization processes. The „rotor“ part of the enamine switches exhibited constitutional exchange ability with primary amines. Interestingly, considerably higher exchange rates were observed with amines containing ester groups, indicating potential stabilization of the transition state through IMHB. Acids, particularly BiIII, were found to efficiently catalyze the constitutional dynamic processes. In contrast, the enamine and the formed dynamic enamine system showed excellent stability under basic conditions. This coupled configurational and constitutional dynamics expands the scope of dynamic C−C and C−N bonds and potentiates further studies and applications in the fields of molecular machinery and systems chemistry.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminomethylation of Nitrodienes and Dienones via Double C—N Bond Activation
Authors: Yu Bangkui , Gao Bao , Zhang Xuexia , Zhang Haocheng , Huang Hanmin 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionA new strategy for the generation of the active Pd‐alkyl species from aminal via C—N bond activation has been established, in which the formation of zwitterionic intermediate through aza‐Michael addition of aminal to nitrodienes or dienones is identified as a key step for the activation of the C—N bond. The efficient strategy has enabled a new palladium‐catalyzed α‐aminomethylation of nitrodienes and dienones via double C—N bond activation. The scope and versatility of the reaction were demonstrated and a broad range of substrates bearing electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing groups on the aromatic rings were all compatible with this reaction to furnish the desired α‐aminomethylated products in moderate to good yields with excellent regioselectivities and E/Z selectivities.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐ to 15‐Mer π‐Conjugated Discrete Oligomers with Widely Tunable Optical Properties
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Xiao‐Feng , Wang Li‐Hong , Chen Yan , Ye Dong‐Nai , Chen Long , Wen He‐Rui , Liu Shi‐Yong 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionA series of all‐donor type alternating (D1‐D2) monodisperse oligomers based on cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) and 1,4‐difluorobenzene (DFB) with gradually increasing chain lengths containing 3 to 15 monomers were successfully synthesized via one‐pot C—H direct arylation reaction. As confirmed by various structural characterizations, all these long‐chain oligomers are monodispersed with defined structures. The length‐dependent optical and electrochemical properties with the evolution from the shortest oligomer (O1) to the longest oligomer (O7) and their parent polymer P1 have been studied in details. By simply tuning the mixing ratio of discrete oligomers, the photoluminescence (PL) in a wide range of color emissions extending to near‐white can be facilely modulated, illustrating the potential of these monodisperse conjugated oligomers for light emission application. The atom‐, step‐ and pot‐economic synthetic strategy here developed will open the door toward efficient and controllable synthesis of π‐conjugated oligomers for accurate structure‐property relationship study and optic & electronic device applications.
Adolescents’ perceptions of maternal response to negative affect predict emotional reactivity during mother–daughter interaction: A multi‐modal assessment
Authors: O’Brokta Megan M. , Woody Mary L. , McKone Kirsten M. , Amole Marlissa C. , Stone Lindsey B. , Silk Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParental socialization of emotion consists of parental behaviors that scaffold child emotional reactivity and regulation. The current study examined whether adolescents’ perceptions of their mothers’ supportive versus non‐supportive responses to negative emotions could predict adolescent emotional reactivity. Thirty adolescent girls (Mage = 14.41 [1.55]) reported on how their mothers typically respond to their negative emotions and then completed a laboratory‐based mother–adolescent interaction task. A multi‐modal assessment of adolescent emotional reactivity during the interaction included adolescents’ skin conductance levels (SCLs) and state anxiety, and mother–daughter interactions were behaviorally coded to assess how often dyads engaged in both negative and positive escalation (i.e., a pattern of negative or positive behavior of one partner being reciprocated by the other). Adolescents who reported that their mothers used more non‐supportive responses to their negative emotion tended to exhibit higher SCL and engage in more negative escalation with their mothers during the interaction task. Furthermore, adolescents’ SCL was positively correlated with both their state anxiety levels and negative escalation during the task. Together, these findings suggest that adolescents who perceive their mothers as less supportive of negative emotions are more likely to exhibit greater negative emotionality during parent–adolescent interaction, which may relate to risk for emotional disorders.
Context‐dependent effects of a reintroduced ungulate on soil properties are driven by soil texture, moisture, and herbivore activity
Authors: Dodge Vanessa J. , Eviner Valerie T. , Cushman J. Hall 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough there is considerable evidence that large mammalian herbivores influence ecosystem‐level processes, studies have reported such widely varying results that generalizations have remained elusive. Here, we use an 18‐year‐old exclosure experiment—stratified across a landscape heterogeneous with respect to soil texture, moisture and herbivore activity—to understand the variable effects of tule elk (Cervus canadensis nannodes), a native reintroduced herbivore, on soil properties along the coast of northern California. Elk significantly increased soil bulk density and created a compacted layer at shallow soil depth, while decreasing infiltration rate and pH. The effects of elk on bulk density, penetration resistance, and pH varied with soil type, being least pronounced in coarse, sandy loams, and greatest in loose sand. The effects of elk on nutrient availability varied along gradients of soil texture and moisture. In coarser soils, elk decreased ammonium availability, but increased it in finer soils. Elk also decreased soil moisture content, in part through their positive effect on bulk density, and this effect was most pronounced in coarser soils. Through decreasing soil moisture content, elk also decreased nitrate availability in coarser soils. At greater levels of elk activity (as measured by dung deposition), the elk effect on bulk density was amplified, and this had a corresponding negative effect on nitrate and phosphate availability. Our study has demonstrated that a better understanding of spatial variation in the effects of herbivores on ecosystems can emerge by evaluating their influences across gradients of soil texture, soil moisture, and herbivore activity. These data enabled us to evaluate several frameworks that have been developed to understand the variable effects of herbivores on ecosystems, which is a significant step in reconciling the many competing ideas put forth to explain the context‐dependent effects of large herbivores on grazed ecosystems.
Skin resistance to water gain and loss has changed in cane toads (Rhinella marina) during their Australian invasion
Authors: Kosmala Georgia K. , Brown Gregory P. , Shine Richard , Christian Keith 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe water‐permeable skin of amphibians renders them highly sensitive to climatic conditions, and interspecific correlations between environmental moisture levels and rates of water exchange across the skin suggest that natural selection adapts hydroregulatory mechanisms to local challenges. How quickly can such mechanisms shift when a species encounters novel moisture regimes? Cutaneous resistance to water loss and gain in wild‐caught cane toads (Rhinella marina) from Brazil, USA (Hawai'i) and Australia exhibited strong geographic variation. Cutaneous resistance was low in native‐range (Brazilian) toads and in Hawai'ian populations (where toads were introduced in 1932) but significantly higher in toads from eastern Australia (where toads were introduced in 1935). Toads from recently invaded areas in western Australia exhibited cutaneous resistance to water loss similar to the native‐range populations, possibly because toads are restricted to moist sites within this highly arid landscape. Rates of rehydration exhibited significant but less extreme geographic variation, being higher in the native range than in invaded regions. Thus, in less than a century, cane toads invading areas that impose different climatic challenges have diverged in the capacity for hydroregulation.
Context‐aware emergency detection method for edge computing‐based healthcare monitoring system
Authors: Wang Lei , Xu Boyi , Cai Hongming , Zhang Pengzhu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhen taking physical exercise, healthcare monitoring systems are needed to detect emergencies, such as sychnosphygmia, and so on. However, heterogeneity and privacy make it more challenging to collect and process multi‐source healthcare data in a real time manner. To support healthcare monitoring, in this research, a multi‐layer edge computing‐based framework is designed to detect emergencies in low latency and secure ways. First, a universal data model is defined to process heterogeneous data from multi‐sources such as sensors or smart devices. Then, Gated Recurrent Units‐based (GRU) model is utilized to capture and process physiological data series. Fine‐grained detection models are built and distinguished according to scenario information and individual health persona. In the proposed edge computing‐based framework, detection algorithm computation and physiological index data storage are close to end user sides to support low latency. Meanwhile encryption algorithm is used to protect data privacy. Finally, a case study in the Physical Education Class scenario is implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of our methods. The experimental result shows that our GRU model is more accurate and is three times faster for emergency identification compared with Support Vector Classification model.
Adsorption kinetics and mechanism of di‐n‐butyl phthalate by Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Authors: Zhao Lili , Li Xinlei , Yang Qingxiang , Zhuang Di , Pan Xin , Li Lubo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDi‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) poses a risk to humans as a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. A strain of Leuconostoc mesenteroides DM12 was chosen from lactic acid bacteria strains to study the DBP binding mechanisms. Adsorption of DBP by strain DM12 reached the highest binding rate of 87% after 11 hr of incubation, which could be explained by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The adsorption isotherm coincided with the model of Langmuir–Freundlich, indicating physical and chemical adsorption processes involved. Further, NaIO4 and TCA treatments were used to analyze the DBP binding mechanism of strain DM12, which indicated that peptidoglycan on the bacterial cell wall was involved in the process. The O‐H, C‐O, and N‐H bonds were possibly involved in the binding process as the main functional groups.
Intranasal mesenchymal stem cell therapy to boost myelination after encephalopathy of prematurity
Authors: Vaes Josine E. G. , van Kammen Caren M. , Trayford Chloe , van der Toorn Annette , Ruhwedel Torben , Benders Manon J. N. L. , Dijkhuizen Rick M. , Möbius Wiebke , van Rijt Sabine H. , Nijboer Cora H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEncephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a common cause of long‐term neurodevelopmental morbidity in extreme preterm infants. Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is currently the most commonly observed form of EoP. Impaired maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) is the main underlying pathophysiological mechanism. No therapies are currently available to combat dWMI. Intranasal application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising therapeutic option to boost neuroregeneration after injury. Here, we developed a double‐hit dWMI mouse model and investigated the therapeutic potential of intranasal MSC therapy. Postnatal systemic inflammation and hypoxia‐ischemia led to transient deficits in cortical myelination and OL maturation, functional deficits and neuroinflammation. Intranasal MSCs migrated dispersedly into the injured brain and potently improved myelination and functional outcome, dampened cerebral inflammationand rescued OL maturation after dWMI. Cocultures of MSCs with primary microglia or OLs show that MSCs secrete factors that directly promote OL maturation and dampen neuroinflammation. We show that MSCs adapt their secretome after ex vivo exposure to dWMI milieu and identified several factors including IGF1, EGF, LIF, and IL11 that potently boost OL maturation. Additionally, we showed that MSC‐treated dWMI brains express different levels of these beneficial secreted factors. In conclusion, the combination of postnatal systemic inflammation and hypoxia‐ischemia leads to a pattern of developmental brain abnormalities that mimics the clinical situation. Intranasal delivery of MSCs, that secrete several beneficial factors in situ, is a promising strategy to restore myelination after dWMI and subsequently improve the neurodevelopmental outcome of extreme preterm infants in the future.
Bipedicled submental musculofascial “hammock” flap for salvage laryngectomy closure reinforcement
Authors: Hayden Richard E. , Chang Brent A. , Mullin David P. , Patel Andrew K. , Nagel Thomas H. , Howard Brittany E. , Hinni Michael L. , Lott David G. , Donald Carrlene B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to describe a novel technique for reinforcement of salvage laryngectomy closure using a bipedicled musculofascial submental flap.MethodsA retrospective cohort study design identified patients who underwent salvage laryngectomy reinforcement with a bipedicled submental hammock flap between January 2008 and December 2016 were compared to salvage laryngectomy patients treated with primary closure of the neopharynx during the same time period. Pharyngocutaneous fistula rates were compared between groups.ResultsPharyngocutaneous fistula rate in the submental hammock group (2/31, 6.5%) was significantly lower compared to the primary closure group (14/45, 31%, P < .05).ConclusionThe bipedicled musculofascial submental hammock flap is a viable method for reinforcement of salvage laryngectomy defects. It has a favorable pharyngocutaneous fistula rate compared to primary closure alone and has unique advantages over conventional methods of reinforcement.
Risk factors for carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in patients presenting with recurrence after resection of pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Rooker Steven A. , Nagelschneider Alex A. , Olsen Kerry D. , Price Daniel L. , Janus Jeffrey R. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients presenting with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (rPA), clinical evaluation can fail to recognize carcinoma ex PA (cxPA). We aim to identify the risk factors for cxPA.MethodsThis is a single institution retrospective case‐control study from 2000 to 2015. CxPA was diagnosed based on surgical pathology. Demographics, clinical, and social histories were collected.ResultsA number of 13/106 (12.3%) patients were diagnosed with cxPA, of which only 4/13 (31%) had clinical features suspicious for malignancy. Compared to benign rPA, factors associated with cxPA included age >50 (odds ratio [OR] 6.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71‐25.98, P < .01), >10 pack‐years of smoking history (OR 3.36, 95% CI: 1.01‐11.14, P = .04), and the largest tumor being >2 cm on pathology (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.14‐17.10, P = .03).ConclusionsIn patients presenting with rPA, risk factors for malignant transformation include age >50, significant smoking history, and tumors larger than 2 cm. Clinical signs of malignancy such as rapid growth or pain are not always present.