bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet quality of Japanese adults with respect to age, sex, and income level in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Authors: Kurotani Kayo , Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko , Takimoto Hidemi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:Although several studies in Western countries show that higher socioeconomic status is associated with higher diet quality, no study has observed this association in Japan. In the current study, we examined the association between diet quality and the combinations of age, sex, and household income, and also compared the dietary intake between diet quality levels according to household income.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan in 2014.Participants:2785 men and 3215 women.Results:Higher Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top scores (better diet quality) were observed in older women, especially those with higher household income, whereas lower scores were observed in younger men with lower household income. Those having low quality diet, especially in low income households, had higher odds of not meeting the recommended amounts of the Japanese dietary guidelines, than those having high quality diet.Conclusions:Diet quality in Japanese adults differed by age and sex as well as by household income level. A different approach to diet quality improvement is needed according to population characteristics including not only age and sex but also social economic status.
A systematic review of the integration of palliative care in dementia management
Authors: Senderovich Helen , Retnasothie Sivarajini 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDementia is a progressive illness with a complex biopsychosocial constellation of symptoms faced by millions of individuals and families worldwide. Palliative care teams have specialized in symptom management and end-of-life care for decades; however, the role of palliative care in dementia management is not yet well elucidated. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the impact of palliative care in dementia management.MethodThis systematic review was conducted using a prospective study protocol. Medline and PubMed were searched from January 1, 1998 to October 2017. Eligible studies included single-blind cluster, two-arm parallel cluster, or unblinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies, retrospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, concurrent mixed methods study, qualitative study, and Delphi studies.ResultsFour key themes were identified in this review: goals of care and end-of-life conversations, symptom management, emergency room visits, and prescribing behavior. In each domain, palliative care consultation either showed benefit or was postulated to have benefit if implemented.Significance of resultsAlthough the literature to support or refute thematic conclusions is not large, there was a trend toward patient care benefit across several domains. Large RCTs with longer follow-up across different settings should be undertaken to solidify the themes and trends outlined in this review. Understanding the views of healthcare providers including referral sources (i.e., general practitioners and specialists) through qualitative research could optimize palliative care referrals, implement palliative care recommendations, and improve a targeted palliative care education curriculum.
NATURAL FORMALIZATION: DERIVING THE CANTOR-BERNSTEIN THEOREM IN ZF
Authors: SIEG WILFRIED , WALSH PATRICK 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNatural Formalizationproposes a concrete way of expanding proof theory from the meta-mathematical investigation of formal theories to an examination of “the concept of the specifically mathematical proof.” Formal proofs play a role for this examination in as much as they reflect the essential structure and systematic construction of mathematical proofs. We emphasize three crucial features of our formal inference mechanism: (1) the underlying logical calculus is built forreasoning with gapsand forproviding strategic directions, (2) the mathematical frame is a definitional extension of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory and has a hierarchically organized structure of concepts and operations, and (3) the construction of formal proofs is deeply connected to the frame through rules for definitions and lemmas.To bring these general ideas to life, we examine, as a case study, proofs of the Cantor–Bernstein Theorem that do not appeal to the principle of choice. A thorough analysis of the multitude of “different” informal proofs seems to reduce them to exactly one. Thenatural formalizationconfirms that there is one proof, but that it comes in two variants due to Dedekind and Zermelo, respectively. In this way it enhances the conceptual understanding of the represented informal proofs. The formal, computational work is carried out with the proof search system AProS that serves as a proof assistant and implements the above inference mechanism; it can be fully inspected athttp://www.phil.cmu.edu/legacy/Proof_Site/.We must—that is my conviction—take the concept of the specifically mathematical proof as an object of investigation.Hilbert 1918
The relationship of prenatal and infant antibiotic exposure with childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Baron Ruth , Taye Meron , Besseling-van der Vaart Isolde , Ujčič-Voortman Joanne , Szajewska Hania , Seidell Jacob C. , Verhoeff Arnoud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the evidence regarding the relationship between early-life antibiotic exposure and childhood overweight/obesity by reviewing observational studies on prenatal antibiotic exposure and systematic reviews on infant antibiotic exposure. A search in Pubmed, Embase and Google Scholar covering the period 1st January till 1st December 2018 led to the identification of five studies on prenatal antibiotic exposure and four systematic reviews on infant antibiotic exposure. Positive trends between prenatal antibiotic exposure and overweight/obesity were reported in all studies; two studies reported a significant overall relationship and the other three reported significant relationships under certain conditions. Effect sizes ranged from odds ratio (OR): 1.04 (0.62–1.74) to relative risk (RR): 1.77 (1.25–2.51). Regarding infant antibiotics, one review concluded there was substantial evidence that infant antibiotic exposure increased the risk of childhood overweight/obesity [pooled effect sizes: RR: 1.21 (1.09–1.33) for overweight and RR: 1.18 (1.12–1.25) for obesity]. Two reviews concluded there was some evidence for a relationship [pooled effect sizes: OR: 1.05 (1.00–1.11) and OR: 1.11 (1.02–1.20)]. The fourth review concluded the studies were too heterogeneous for meta-analyses and the evidence regarding the relationship between infant antibiotic exposure and childhood overweight/obesity was inconclusive. More well-designed studies are needed that include data on intra-partum antibiotics and address important potential confounders (including maternal and childhood infections). This review points to some evidence of a relationship between early-life antibiotic exposure and childhood overweight/obesity; this is especially evident in certain children (i.e. exposed to multiple and broad-spectrum antibiotics, earlier postnatal exposure and male gender) and merits further research.
Integrating fall and spring herbicides with a cereal rye cover crop for horseweed (Conyza canadensis) management prior to soybean
Authors: Sherman Austin D. , Haramoto Erin R. , Green J. D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHorseweed is one of Kentucky’s most common and problematic weeds in no-till soybean production systems. Emergence in the fall and spring necessitates control at these times because horseweed is best managed when small. Control is typically achieved through herbicides or cover crops (CCs); integrating these practices can lead to more sustainable weed management. Two years of field experiments were conducted over 2016 to 2017 and 2017 to 2018 in Versailles, KY, to examine the use of fall herbicide (FH; namely, saflufenacil or none), spring herbicide (SH; namely, 2,4-D; dicamba; or none), and CC (namely, cereal rye or none) for horseweed management prior to soybean. Treatments were examined with a fully factorial design to assess potential interactions. The CC biomass in 2016 to 2017 was higher relative to 2017 to 2018 and both herbicide programs reduced winter weed biomass in that year. The CC reduced horseweed density while growing and after termination in 1 yr. The FH reduced horseweed density through mid-spring. The FH also killed winter weeds that may have suppressed horseweed emergence; higher horseweed density resulted by soybean planting unless the CC was present to suppress the additional spring emergence. If either FH or CC was used, SH typically did not result in additional horseweed control. The SH killed emerged plants but did not provide residual control of a late horseweed flush in 2017 to 2018. These results suggest CCs can help manage spring flushes of horseweed emergence when nonresidual herbicide products are used, though this effect was short-lived when less CC biomass was present.
Free Gravity Waves in the Ocean Excited by Seismic Surface Waves: Observations and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Sementsov K. A. , Nosov M. A. , Kolesov S. V. , Karpov V. A. , Matsumoto H. , Kaneda Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Dense Oceanfloor Network System for Earthquakes and Tsunamis (DONET) is a submarine cabled real‐time seafloor observatory network for precise earthquake and tsunami monitoring. Ten DONET observatories were in operation during the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki event near the Pacific coast of Honshu Island. Each observatory was equipped with an ocean bottom pressure gauge (PG) and a three‐component ocean bottom seismometer (OBS). A comparative analysis of the PG and OBS records revealed that shortly after seismic surface waves traversed the DONET region, free gravity waves were observed within the water layer. The period of these gravity waves was approximately 170 s, the peak‐to‐peak amplitude was approximately 3.5 cm, the length was on the order of 22 km, and the phase velocity was 134 m/s. We performed numerical simulations of the observed gravity waves using a combined 2D/3D numerical model. The ground motions required for the simulation were reconstructed from records provided by the DONET OBSs and the nearest ground‐based GPS stations. The synthetic bottom pressure variations are in good agreement with the DONET PG records. The synthetic displacements of the ocean surface throughout the simulation domain showed that the observed gravity waves were excited directly above the submarine slopes. Theoretical estimates and numerical experiments revealed the generation mechanism of the observed gravity waves.
Impacts of Representing Heterogeneous Distribution of Cloud Liquid and Ice on Phase Partitioning of Arctic Mixed‐Phase Clouds with NCAR CAM5
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Xiaohong , Diao Minghui , D'Alessandro John J. , Wang Yong , Wu Chenglai , Zhang Damao , Wang Zhien , Xie Shaocheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we conduct sensitivity experiments with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 to understand the impact of representing heterogeneous distribution between cloud liquid and ice on the phase partitioning in mixed‐phase clouds through different perturbations on the Wegener‐Bergeron‐Findeisen (WBF) process. In two experiments, perturbation factors that are based on assumptions of pocket structure and the partial homogeneous cloud volume derived from the High‐performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Pole‐to‐Pole Observation (HIPPO) campaign are utilized. Alternately, a mass‐weighted assumption is used in the calculation of WBF process to mimic the appearance of unsaturated area in mixed‐phase clouds as the result of heterogeneous distribution. Model experiments are tested in both single column and weather forecast modes and evaluated against data from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Mixed‐Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M‐PACE) field campaign and long‐term ground‐based multisensor measurements. Model results indicate that perturbations on the WBF process can significantly modify simulated microphysical properties of Arctic mixed‐phase clouds. The improvement of simulated cloud water phase partitioning tends to be linearly proportional to the perturbation magnitude that is applied in the three different sensitivity experiments. Cloud macrophysical properties such as cloud fraction and frequency of occurrence of low‐level mixed‐phase clouds are less sensitive to the perturbation magnitude than cloud microphysical properties. Moreover, this study indicates that heterogeneous distribution between cloud hydrometeors should be treated consistently for all cloud microphysical processes. The model vertical resolution is also important for liquid water maintenance in mixed‐phase clouds.
Assessing the Impact of Urban Hydrological Processes on the Summertime Urban Climate in Nanjing Using the WRF Model
Authors: Wang Xueyuan , Miao Shiguang , Liu Hongnian , Sun Jianning , Zhang Ning , Zou Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe impacts of urban hydrological processes, such as anthropogenic latent heat (ALH), multilayer green roof systems (GRO), evaporation from impervious surfaces (EIMP), urban irrigation (IRR), and the urban “oasis effect” (OASIS) on regional hydrometeorology in Nanjing, are assessed by the Weather Research and Forecasting Single‐Layer Urban Canopy Models (WRF‐SLUCM). The results show that including all five urban hydrological processes, ALL best improves the prediction of near‐surface meteorology and has the largest correlation coefficients, the smallest root mean square errors, and the most accurate diurnal variations compared with observations. The improvements of ALH, GRO, and OASIS are larger than those of IRR and EIMP. The influence of ALH, GRO, and OASIS is comparable in commercial areas, whereas the influence of OASIS is significantly greater and plays essential roles in low‐intensity residential areas. Therefore, the overall effect of urban hydrological processes is especially large over low‐intensity residential areas, where the ALL case‐simulated monthly mean 2‐m air temperature (surface temperature) is reduced by approximately 1.3 (5.0) °C, the 2‐m specific humidity increases by 0.8 g kg–1, and the sensible heat (latent heat) flux is reduced (increased) at most by 90 W m–2. The changes in the vertical profiles indicate that urban hydrological processes reduce the potential temperature and wind speed, whereas they increase specific humidity over the entire urban boundary layer, leading to a more stable atmospheric conditions, reduced vertical mixing, and weaker convective rolls. These effects could mitigate the intensity of urban heat/dry islands while simultaneously exacerbating low‐level air pollution.
The Role of the Stratosphere in Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction: 1. Predictability of the Stratosphere
Authors: Domeisen Daniela I.V. , Butler Amy H. , Charlton‐Perez Andrew J. , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Baldwin Mark P. , Dunn‐Sigouin Etienne , Furtado Jason C. , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Hitchcock Peter , Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Kim Hera , Knight Jeff , Lang Andrea L. , Lim Eun‐Pa , Marshall Andrew , Roff Greg , Schwartz Chen , Simpson Isla R. , Son Seok‐Woo , Taguchi Masakazu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe stratosphere has been identified as an important source of predictability for a range of processes on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scales. Knowledge about S2S predictability within the stratosphere is however still limited. This study evaluates to what extent predictability in the extratropical stratosphere exists in hindcasts of operational prediction systems in the S2S database. The stratosphere is found to exhibit extended predictability as compared to the troposphere. Prediction systems with higher stratospheric skill tend to also exhibit higher skill in the troposphere. The analysis also includes an assessment of the predictability for stratospheric events, including early and midwinter sudden stratospheric warming events, strong vortex events, and extreme heat flux events for the Northern Hemisphere and final warming events for both hemispheres. Strong vortex events and final warming events exhibit higher levels of predictability as compared to sudden stratospheric warming events. In general, skill is limited to the deterministic range of 1 to 2 weeks. High‐top prediction systems overall exhibit higher stratospheric prediction skill as compared to their low‐top counterparts, pointing to the important role of stratospheric representation in S2S prediction models.
Assessing XMT‐Measurement Variability of Air‐Water Interfacial Areas in Natural Porous Media
Authors: Araujo Juliana B. , Brusseau Mark L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the accuracy and reproducibility of air‐water interfacial areas measured with high‐resolution synchrotron X‐ray microtomography (XMT). Columns packed with one of two relatively coarse‐grained monodisperse granular media, glass beads or a well‐sorted quartz sand, were imaged over several years, encompassing changes in acquisition equipment, improved image quality, and enhancements to image acquisition and to processing software. For the glass beads, the specific solid surface area (SSSA‐XMT) of 31.6 ± 1 cm−1 determined from direct analysis of the segmented solid‐phase image data is statistically identical to the independently calculated geometric smooth‐sphere specific solid surface area (GSSA, 32 ± 1 cm−1) and to the measured SSSA (28 ± 3 cm−1) obtained with the N2‐Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method. The maximum specific air‐water interfacial area (Amax) is 27.4 (±2) cm−1, which compares very well to the SSSA‐XMT, GSSA, and SSSA‐N2‐Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller values. For the sand, the SSSA‐XMT (111 ± 2 cm−1) and GSSA (113 ± 1 cm−1) are similar. The mean Amax is 96 ± 5 cm−1, which compares well to both the SSSA and the GSSA values. The XMT‐SSSA values deviated from the GSSA values by 7–16% for the first four experiments but were essentially identical for the later experiments. This indicates that enhancements in image acquisition and processing improved data accuracy. The Amax values ranged from 74 cm−1 to 101 cm−1, with a coefficient of variation (COV) of 9%. The maximum capillary interfacial area ranged from 12 cm−1 to 19 cm−1, for a COV of 10%. The COVs for both decreased to 5–6% for the latter five experiments. These results demonstrate that XMT imaging provides accurate and reproducible measurements of total and capillary interfacial areas.
A Consistent Approach for Probabilistic Residential Flood Loss Modeling in Europe
Authors: Lüdtke Stefan , Schröter Kai , Steinhausen Max , Weise Laura , Figueiredo Rui , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn view of globally increasing flood losses, a significantly improved and more efficient flood risk management and adaptation policy are needed. One prerequisite is reliable risk assessments on the continental scale. Flood loss modeling and risk assessments for Europe are until now based on regional approaches using deterministic depth‐damage functions. Uncertainties associated with the risk estimation are hardly known. To reduce these shortcomings, we present a novel, consistent approach for probabilistic flood loss modeling for Europe, based on the upscaling of the Bayesian Network Flood Loss Estimation MOdel for the private sector, BN‐FLEMOps. The model is applied on the mesoscale in the whole of Europe and can be adapted to regional situations. BN‐FLEMOps is validated in three case studies in Italy, Austria, and Germany. The officially reported loss figures of the past flood events are within the 95% quantile range of the probabilistic loss estimation, for all three case studies. In the Italian, Austrian, and German case studies, the median loss estimate shows an overestimation by 28% (2.1 million euro) and 305% (5.8 million euro) and an underestimation by 43% (104 million euro), respectively. In two of the three case studies, the performance of the model improved, when updated with empirical damage data from the area of interest. This approach represents a step forward in European wide flood risk modeling, since it delivers consistent flood loss estimates and inherently provides uncertainty information. Further validation and tests with respect to adapting the model to different European regions are recommended.
RIG-I-based immunotherapy enhances survival in preclinical AML models and sensitizes AML cells to checkpoint blockade
Authors: Ruzicka Michael , Koenig Lars M. , Formisano Simone , Boehmer Daniel F. R. , Vick Binje , Heuer Eva-M. , Meinl Hanna , Kocheise Lorenz , Zeitlhöfler Marcus , Ahlfeld Julia , Kobold Sebastian , Endres Stefan , Subklewe Marion , Duewell Peter , Schnurr Max , Jeremias Irmela , Lichtenegger Felix S. , Rothenfusser Simon 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRetinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is a cytoplasmic immune receptor sensing viral RNA. It triggers the release of type I interferons (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines inducing an adaptive cellular immune response. We investigated the therapeutic potential of systemic RIG-I activation by short 5′-triphosphate-modified RNA (ppp-RNA) for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the syngeneic murine C1498 AML tumor model. ppp-RNA treatment significantly reduced tumor burden, delayed disease onset and led to complete remission including immunological memory formation in a substantial proportion of animals. Therapy-induced tumor rejection was dependent on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but not on NK or B cells, and relied on intact IFN and mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) signaling in the host. Interestingly, ppp-RNA treatment induced programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on AML cells and established therapeutic sensitivity to anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade in vivo. In immune-reconstituted humanized mice, ppp-RNA treatment reduced the number of patient-derived xenografted (PDX) AML cells in blood and bone marrow while concomitantly enhancing CD3+ T cell counts in the respective tissues. Due to its ability to establish a state of full remission and immunological memory, our findings show that ppp-RNA treatment is a promising strategy for the immunotherapy of AML.
Direct growth of ZnO nanowires on civil engineering materials: smart materials for supported photodegradation
Authors: Le Pivert Marie , Poupart Romain , Capochichi-Gnambodoe Martine , Martin Nathan , Leprince-Wang Yamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhotocatalysis is one of the most promising processes for treating air and water pollution. Innovative civil engineering materials for environmental depollution by photocatalysis have already been synthesized by incorporating TiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles in cement. This method suffers from two flaws: first, most of the NPs are incorporated into the cement and useless for photocatalysis; second, rain and wind could spread the potentially carcinogenic nanoparticles from the cement surface into nature. Thus, we propose the efficient synthesis of nontoxic and biocompatible ZnO nanostructures solely onto the surface of commercially available concrete and tiling pavements by a low-cost and low-temperature hydrothermal method. Our samples exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for degrading organic dyes in aqueous media, and dye molecules are commonly used in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industries. Durability studies showed no loss of efficiency after four photocatalysis experiments. Such supported structures, which are easy to implement onto the varying surfaces of commercially available materials, are promising for integration into civil engineering surfaces for environmental depollution in our daily life.