bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticoperipheral neuromuscular disconnection in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Gouveris Haralampos , Bahr Katharina , Schmitt Elena , Abriani Ali , Boekstegers Tjarko , Fassnacht Sanja , Huppertz Tilman , Groppa Sergiu , Muthuraman Muthuraman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The roles of central nervous mechanisms and cortical output in obstructive sleep apnoea remain unclear. We addressed corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units as a mechanistic pathway and as a possible surrogate marker of corticoperipheral motor control in obstructive sleep apnoea. In this exploratory cross-sectional retrospective study, we analysed EEG (C3 and C4 leads) and chin EMG from polysomnography recordings in 86 participants (22 females; age range: 26–81 years): 27 with mild (respiratory disturbance index = 5–15 events/h), 21 with moderate (15–30 events/h) and 23 with severe obstructive sleep apnoea (&gt;30 events/h) and 15 control subjects (&lt;5 events/h). By computing C3-/C4-EEG–chin EMG coherence of signal dynamics in time and frequency domains, we investigated corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units with increasing obstructive sleep apnoea severity during the entire sleeping time, during different sleep stages and during obstructive respiratory events, including 5 s before (stable breathing) and after events (breathing resumption). In addition, we studied a possible influence of body mass index and autonomic nervous system activation. We found that both average and respiratory event-specific corticomuscular coupling between cortical sensorimotor areas and lower facial motor units weakened significantly with increasing obstructive sleep apnoea severity, was strongest during N3 and weakened in N1, N2 and rapid eye movement stages (in decreasing order). Coupling increases significantly during the obstructive respiratory events compared with coupling just before and following them. Results were independent of body mass index or autonomic nervous system activation. We conclude that obstructive respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnoea are very strongly associated both quantitatively and temporally with the degree of disconnection within the cortical sensorimotor areas—lower facial motor units pathway. This quite coordinated activity pattern suggests a cortical sensorimotor area-driven obstructive respiratory event pattern generator and a central motor output disorder in obstructive sleep apnoea.
Prediction of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease using deep survival analysis of MRI images
Authors: Nakagawa Tomonori , Ishida Manabu , Naito Junpei , Nagai Atsushi , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Onoda Keiichi ,   on behalf of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The prediction of the conversion of healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment to the status of active Alzheimer’s disease is a challenging task. Recently, a survival analysis based upon deep learning was developed to enable predictions regarding the timing of an event in a dataset containing censored data. Here, we investigated whether a deep survival analysis could similarly predict the conversion to Alzheimer’s disease. We selected individuals with mild cognitive impairment and cognitively normal subjects and used the grey matter volumes of brain regions in these subjects as predictive features. We then compared the prediction performances of the traditional standard Cox proportional-hazard model, the DeepHit model and our deep survival model based on a Weibull distribution. Our model achieved a maximum concordance index of 0.835, which was higher than that yielded by the Cox model and comparable to that of the DeepHit model. To our best knowledge, this is the first report to describe the application of a deep survival model to brain magnetic resonance imaging data. Our results demonstrate that this type of analysis could successfully predict the time of an individual’s conversion to Alzheimer’s disease.
Unmasking the Actual COVID-19 Case Count
Authors: Kou Samuel C , Yang Shihao , Chang Chia-Jung , Ho Teck-Hua , Graver Lisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis report presents a novel approach to estimate the total number of COVID-19 cases in the United States, including undocumented infections, by combining the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s influenza-like illness surveillance data with aggregated prescription data. We estimated that the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in the United States by 4 April 2020 was &gt; 2.5 million.
Detection of Fusion Genes to Determine Minimal Residual Disease in Leukemia Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: de Boer Eddy N , Johansson Lennart F , de Lange Kim , Bosga-Brouwer Anneke G , van den Berg Eva , Sikkema-Raddatz Birgit , van Diemen Cleo C 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Measuring minimal residual disease (MRD), the persistence of leukemic cells after treatment, is important for monitoring leukemia recurrence. The current methods for monitoring MRD are flow cytometry, to assess aberrant immune phenotypes, and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), to target genetic aberrations such as single-nucleotide variants and gene fusions. We present the performance of an RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) method for MRD gene fusion detection compared with ddPCR. This method may have advantages, including the capacity to analyze different genetic aberrations and patients in 1 experiment. In particular, detection at the RNA level may be highly sensitive if the genetic aberration is highly expressed.

Methods
We designed a probe-based NGS panel targeting the breakpoints of 11 fusion genes previously identified in clinical patients and 2 fusion genes present in cell lines. Blocking probes were added to prevent nonspecific enrichment. Each patient RNA sample was diluted in background RNA, depleted for rRNA and globin mRNA, converted to cDNA, and prepared for sequencing. Unique sequence reads, identified by unique molecular identifiers, were aligned directly to reference transcripts. The same patient and cell-line samples were also analyzed with ddPCR for direct comparison.

Results
Our NGS method reached a maximum sensitivity of 1 aberrant cell in 10 000 cells and was mostly within a factor of 10 compared with ddPCR.

Conclusions
Our detection limit was below the threshold of 1:1000 recommended by European Leukemia Net. Further optimizations are easy to implement and are expected to boost the sensitivity of our method to diagnostically obtained ddPCR thresholds.
Atherosclerotic spontaneous coronary artery dissection (A-SCAD) in a patient with COVID-19: case report and possible mechanisms
Authors: Albiero Remo , Seresini Giuseppe 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may be atherosclerotic (A-SCAD) or non-atherosclerotic (NA-SCAD) in origin. Contemporary usage of the term ‘SCAD’ is typically synonymous with NA-SCAD. COVID-19 could induce a vascular inflammation localized in the coronary adventitia and periadventitial fat and contribute to the development of an A-SCAD of a vulnerable plaque in a susceptible patient.Case summaryIn this report we describe a case of a COVID-19 patient with past cardiac history of CAD who was admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Coronary angiography demonstrated the culprit lesion in the proximal LAD that presented with a very complex and unusual morphology, indicative of an A-SCAD. The diagnosis of A-SCAD was supported by the presence of a mild stenosis in the same coronary segment in the last angiogram performed 3 years previously. He was successfully treated by PCI, had a favourable course of the COVID-19 with no symptoms of pneumonia, and was discharged from the hospital after two negative tests for SARS-CoV-2.DiscussionA higher index of suspicion of A-SCAD is needed in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 presenting with ACS. The proposed approach with ‘thrombolysis first’ for treating STEMI patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection could be unsafe in the case of underlying A-SCAD.
Sex differences and temporal trends in aortic dissection: a population-based study of incidence, treatment strategies, and outcome in Swedish patients during 15 years
Authors: Smedberg Christian , Steuer Johnny , Leander Karin , Hultgren Rebecka 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
As large population-based studies of aortic dissection are lacking, the incidence numbers and knowledge about time-trends and sex differences are uncertain. The objective was to describe incidence, temporal trends and outcome of aortic dissection with particular emphasis on sex differences.

Methods and results
During the study period 2002–2016, 8057 patients in Sweden were diagnosed with aortic dissection, identified from the National Patient Register and the Cause of Death Register. A total of 5757 (71%) patients were hospitalized, whereas 2300 (29%) patients were deceased without concurrent hospital stay. The annual incidence was 7.2 per 100 000 (9.1 in men and 5.4 in women), decreasing over time in men (P = 0.005). Mean age in the hospitalized patients was 68 years (SD 13), 2080 (36%) were women. Within the first 14 days after onset, 1807 patients (32%) underwent surgical repair. The proportion of surgically treated increased from the 5-year period 2002–2006 to 2012–2016 [27% vs. 35%, odds ratio (OR) 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–1.86; P &lt; 0.001]. In hospitalized patients, 30-day mortality decreased between the same periods (26% vs. 21%, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.59–0.80; P &lt; 0.001). Long-term mortality decreased as well (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.67–0.82; P &lt; 0.001). Women had higher 30-day mortality than men after acute repair, a sex difference that remained after age adjustment (17% vs. 12%, OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.82; P = 0.006).

Conclusion
This population-based study detected a higher incidence of aortic dissection than prior reports, but a decreasing incidence in men. Surgical therapy was increasingly used and with more favourable outcome but was less frequently offered to elderly patients. The sustained sex differences regarding both incidence and outcome require further attention.
Early Metazoan Origin and Multiple Losses of a Novel Clade of RIM Presynaptic Calcium Channel Scaffolding Protein Homologs
Authors: Piekut Thomas , Wong Yuen Yan , Walker Sarah E , Smith Carolyn L , Gauberg Julia , Harracksingh Alicia N , Lowden Christopher , Novogradac Brian B , Cheng Hai-Ying Mary , Spencer Gaynor E , Senatore Adriano 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe precise localization of CaV2 voltage-gated calcium channels at the synapse active zone requires various interacting proteins, of which, Rab3-interacting molecule or RIM is considered particularly important. In vertebrates, RIM interacts with CaV2 channels in vitro via a PDZ domain that binds to the extreme C-termini of the channels at acidic ligand motifs of D/E-D/E/H-WC-COOH, and knockout of RIM in vertebrates and invertebrates disrupts CaV2 channel synaptic localization and synapse function. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized clade of RIM proteins bearing domain architectures homologous to those of known RIM homologs, but with some notable differences including key amino acids associated with PDZ domain ligand specificity. This novel RIM emerged near the stem lineage of metazoans and underwent extensive losses, but is retained in select animals including the early-diverging placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, and molluscs. RNA expression and localization studies in Trichoplax and the mollusc snail Lymnaea stagnalis indicate differential regional/tissue type expression, but overlapping expression in single isolated neurons from Lymnaea. Ctenophores, the most early-diverging animals with synapses, are unique among animals with nervous systems in that they lack the canonical RIM, bearing only the newly identified homolog. Through phylogenetic analysis, we find that CaV2 channel D/E-D/E/H-WC-COOH like PDZ ligand motifs were present in the common ancestor of cnidarians and bilaterians, and delineate some deeply conserved C-terminal structures that distinguish CaV1 from CaV2 channels, and CaV1/CaV2 from CaV3 channels.
Using non-diagonal data covariances in geophysical inversion
Authors: Moorkamp Max , Avdeeva Anna 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARY
We present a new approach that allows for the inversion of quantities derived from the observed data using non-diagonal data covariance matrices. For example, we can invert approximations of apparent resistivity and phase instead of magnetotelluric impedance using this methodology. Compared to the direct inversion of these derived quantities, the proposed methodology has two advantages: (i) If an inversion algorithm allows for the specification of a full data covariance matrix, users can invert for arbitrary derived quantities by specifying the appropriate covariance matrix instead of having to rely on the inversion code to have implemented this feature. (ii) It is fully compatible with the assumptions of least-squares optimization and thus avoids potential issues with bias when inverting quantities that are nonlinear functions of the original data, We discuss the theory of this approach and show an example using magnetotelluric data. However, the same method can be applied to other types of geophysical data, for example gravity gradient measurements.
Semiorthogonal Decompositions on Total Spaces of Tautological Bundles
Authors: Pirozhkov Dmitrii 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet $U$ be the tautological subbundle on the Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(k, n)$. There is a natural morphism $\textrm{Tot}(U) \to{\mathbb{A}}^n$. Using it, we give a semiorthogonal decomposition for the bounded derived category $D^b_{\!\textrm{coh}}(\textrm{Tot}(U))$ into several exceptional objects and several copies of $D^b_{\!\textrm{coh}}({\mathbb{A}}^n)$. We also prove a global version of this result: given a vector bundle $E$ with a regular section $s$, consider a subvariety of the relative Grassmannian $\operatorname{Gr}(k, E)$ of those subspaces that contain the value of $s$. The derived category of this subvariety admits a similar decomposition into copies of the base and the zero locus of $s$. This may be viewed as a generalization of the blow-up formula of Orlov, which is the case $k = 1$.
Longitudinal Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG Seropositivity to Detect COVID-19
Authors: Suhandynata Raymond T , Hoffman Melissa A , Kelner Michael J , McLawhon Ronald W , Reed Sharon L , Fitzgerald Robert L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a novel beta-coronavirus that has recently emerged as the cause of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based tests are optimal and recommended for the diagnosis of an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology tests for viral antibodies provide an important tool to diagnose previous exposure to the virus. Here we evaluate the analytical performance parameters of the Diazyme SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG serology assays and describe the kinetics of IgM and IgG seroconversion observed in patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 who were admitted to our hospital.MethodsWe validated the performance of the Diazyme assay in 235 presumed SARS-CoV-2 negative subjects to determine specificity. Subsequently, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG seroconversion of 54 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and determined sensitivity of the assay at three different timeframes.ResultSensitivity and specificity for detecting seropositivity at ≥15 days following a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result, was 100.0% and 98.7% when assaying for the panel of IgM and IgG. The median time to seropositivity observed for a reactive IgM and IgG result from the date of a positive PCR was 5 days (IQR: 2.75–9 days) and 4 days (IQR: 2.75–6.75 days), respectively.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that the Diazyme IgM/IgG assays are suited for the purpose of detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM in patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections. For the first time, we report longitudinal data showing the evolution of seroconversion for both IgG and IgM in a cohort of acutely ill patients in the United States. We also demonstrate a low false positive rate in patients who were presumed to be disease free.
Efficacy of Anti-EGFR in Microsatellite Instability Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Depending on Sporadic or Familial Origin
Authors: Zaanan Aziz , Henriques Julie , Cohen Romain , Sefrioui David , Evrard Camille , de la Fouchardiere Christelle , Lecomte Thierry , Aparicio Thomas , Svrcek Magali , Taieb Julien , André Thierry , Vernerey Dewi , Tougeron David ,   for the Association des Gastro-entérologues Oncologues (AGEO)
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) efficacy in patients with microsatellite instability (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) according to sporadic vs familial origin is unknown. We retrospectively analyzed 128 patients with MSI mCRC treated with first-line chemotherapy ± anti-EGFR. Among them, 61 and 67 patients were respectively categorized as familial and sporadic based on mismatch repair protein immunostaining, BRAF mutational status, and MLH1 promoter methylation status. We observed that addition of anti-EGFR to chemotherapy was associated with a statistically significant improvement of progression-free survival for familial (median = 5.0 vs 10.2 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.94; P = .03) but not for sporadic (median = 4.4 vs 5.4 months, HR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.39 to 1.60; P = .52) MSI mCRC patients. In multivariate analysis, the survival benefit of adding anti-EGFR to chemotherapy remained statistically significant for familial MSI cases (P = .04). These findings deserve to be confirmed in a prospective study and could help decision making in MSI mCRC without access or resistant to immunotherapy.
Health Behaviors of Cancer Survivors and Population Controls From the National Health Interview Survey (2005-2015)
Authors: Boyd Patrick , Lowry Mark , Morris Kasey Lynn , Land Stephanie R , Agurs-Collins Tanya , Hall Kara , Byrd Doratha A , Perna Frank M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPopulation-based data from the National Health Interview Survey were examined to provide estimates of a wide range of health behaviors in cancer survivors (ie, physical activity, sun protection, alcohol use, cigarette and e-cigarette use, sleep, and diet) and trends over time.MethodsData were collected from 92 257 participants across 3 waves of the National Health Interview Survey. A total of 8050 participants reported having had cancer (2428 in 2005, 2333 in 2010, 3289 in 2015). Weighted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) between cancer survivors and controls were calculated using logistic and multivariable regressions in SPSS, and trend analyses from 2005 to 2015 were conducted. All statistical tests are 2-sided.ResultsAfter adjusting for demographics (2005-2015), cancer survivors, compared with controls, were more likely to wear sunscreen (OR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.32 to 1.51) and protect their skin (P &lt; .001) and were less likely to tan indoors (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.95), but reported less sleep (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85 to 0.98). In adjusted models, no differences were found for physical activity, sunburns, alcohol use, smoking, e-cigarette use, and diet. Smoking rates for cancer survivors decreased from 2005 to 2015 (P &lt; .001) and physical activity increased (P = .02), but physical activity was not statistically significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons. All other health behavior rates for cancer survivors were unchanged from 2005 to 2015 (P &gt; .14).ConclusionAfter adjusting for covariates, cancer survivors exhibited healthier sun protection, but not sleep behaviors, compared with controls. Cancer survivors (and controls) exhibited decreased smoking rates over time. These results may inform interventions focused on improving cancer control and prevention of other chronic conditions among cancer survivors.
Anaphylaxis to MMR Vaccine Mediated by IgE Sensitivity to Gelatin
Authors: Miller Charles Kent , Mendoza Jun C , Coop Christopher A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is generally well tolerated, and reports of anaphylaxis to the vaccine are rare. IgE-mediated reactions to vaccines are often caused by additives or residual vaccine components. An inability to obtain proper immunizations can be a disqualifying component to military service. We report a case of anaphylaxis to the MMR vaccine in a new military recruit sensitized to gelatin IgE.
No significant correlation between radial velocity planet presence and debris disc properties
Authors: Yelverton Ben , Kennedy Grant M , Su Kate Y L 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether the tentative correlation between planets and debris discs which has been previously identified can be confirmed at high significance. We compile a sample of 201 stars with known planets and existing far-infrared observations. The sample is larger than those studied previously since we include targets from an unpublished Herschel survey of planet hosts. We use spectral energy distribution modelling to characterize Kuiper belt analogue debris discs within the sample, then compare the properties of the discs against a control sample of 294 stars without known planets. Survival analysis suggests that there is a significant (p ∼ 0.002) difference between the disc fractional luminosity distributions of the two samples. However, this is largely a result of the fact that the control sample contains a higher proportion of close binaries and of later-type stars; both of these factors are known to reduce disc detection rates. Considering only Sun-like stars without close binary companions in each sample greatly reduces the significance of the difference (p ∼ 0.3). We also find no evidence for a difference in the disc fractional luminosities of stars hosting planets more or less massive than Saturn (p ∼ 0.9). Finally, we find that the planet hosts have cooler discs than the control stars, but this is likely a detection bias, since the warmest discs in the control sample are also the faintest, and would thus be undetectable around the more distant planet hosts. Considering only discs in each sample that could have been detected around a typical planet host, we find p ∼ 0.07 for the temperatures.
Constraining Alfvénic turbulence with helicity invariants
Authors: Mahajan Swadesh M , Lingam Manasvi 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study the constraints imposed by the invariants (generalized helicities and energy) of extended magnetohydrodynamics on some global characteristics of turbulence. We show that the global turbulent kinetic and magnetic energies will approach equipartition only under certain circumstances that depend on the ratio of the generalized helicities. In systems with minimal thermal energy, we demonstrate that the three invariants collectively determine the characteristic length-scale associated with Alfvénic turbulence.
Minimum size of 21-cm simulations
Authors: Kaur Harman Deep , Gillet Nicolas , Mesinger Andrei 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic 21cm interferometry is set to revolutionize our understanding of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) and the Cosmic Dawn (CD). However, the signal has structure on a huge range of scales, requiring large simulation boxes to statistically capture the relevant fields. In this work, we quantify the minimum box size for simulating the power spectrum (PS) of the 21cm signal. We perform multiple realizations of the initial conditions, for a range of box sizes. We quantify convergence with respect to a simulation that is 1.1 Gpc on a side, with thermal noise computed for a 1000 h integration with SKA1-low. We find that simulations of box lengths 200–300 Mpc underestimate the large-scale power during the CD by ∼7–9 per cent on average. We conclude that box lengths of L ≳ 250 Mpc are needed to converge at the level of ≲1σ of the total noise.