bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HORuS transmission spectroscopy of 55 Cnc e
Authors: Tabernero H M , Allende Prieto C , Zapatero Osorio M R , González Hernández J I , del Burgo C , García López R , Rebolo R , Abril-Abril M , Barreto R , Calvo Tovar J , Díaz Torres A , Fernández Izquierdo P , Gómez-Reñasco M F , Gracia-Témich F , Joven E , Peñate Castro J , Santana-Tschudi S , Tenegi F , Viera Martín H D 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The High Optical Resolution Spectrograph (HORuS) is a new high-resolution echelle spectrograph available on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We report on the first HORuS observations of a transit of the super-Earth planet 55 Cnc e. We investigate the presence of Na i and Hα in its transmission spectrum and explore the capabilities of HORuS for planetary transmission spectroscopy. Our methodology leads to residuals in the difference spectrum between the in-transit and out-of-transit spectra for the Na i doublet lines of (3.4 ± 0.4) × 10−4, which sets an upper limit to the detection of line absorption from the planetary atmosphere that is one order of magnitude more stringent that those reported in the literature. We demonstrate that we are able to reach the photon-noise limit in the residual spectra using HORuS to a degree that we would be able to easily detect giant planets with larger atmospheres. In addition, we modelled the structure, chemistry, and transmission spectrum of 55 Cnc e using state-of-the-art open source tools.
Extreme data compression while searching for new physics
Authors: Heavens Alan F , Sellentin Elena , Jaffe Andrew H 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Bringing a high-dimensional data set into science-ready shape is a formidable challenge that often necessitates data compression. Compression has accordingly become a key consideration for contemporary cosmology, affecting public data releases, and reanalyses searching for new physics. However, data compression optimized for a particular model can suppress signs of new physics, or even remove them altogether. We therefore provide a solution for exploring new physics during data compression. In particular, we store additional agnostic compressed data points, selected to enable precise constraints of non-standard physics at a later date. Our procedure is based on the maximal compression of the MOPED algorithm, which optimally filters the data with respect to a baseline model. We select additional filters, based on a generalized principal component analysis, which are carefully constructed to scout for new physics at high precision and speed. We refer to the augmented set of filters as MOPED-PC. They enable an analytic computation of Bayesian Evidence that may indicate the presence of new physics, and fast analytic estimates of best-fitting parameters when adopting a specific non-standard theory, without further expensive MCMC analysis. As there may be large numbers of non-standard theories, the speed of the method becomes essential. Should no new physics be found, then our approach preserves the precision of the standard parameters. As a result, we achieve very rapid and maximally precise constraints of standard and non-standard physics, with a technique that scales well to large dimensional data sets.
Contribution of DNA adenine methylation to gene expression heterogeneity inSalmonella enterica
Authors: Sánchez-Romero María A , Olivenza David R , Gutiérrez Gabriel , Casadesús Josep 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExpression of Salmonella enterica loci harboring undermethylated GATC sites at promoters or regulatory regions was monitored by single cell analysis. Cell-to-cell differences in expression were detected in ten such loci (carA, dgoR, holA, nanA, ssaN, STM1290, STM3276, STM5308, gtr and opvAB), with concomitant formation of ON and OFF subpopulations. The ON and OFF subpopulation sizes varied depending on the growth conditions, suggesting that the population structure can be modulated by environmental control. All the loci under study except STM5308 displayed altered patterns of expression in strains lacking or overproducing Dam methylase, thereby confirming control by Dam methylation. Bioinformatic analysis identified potential binding sites for transcription factors OxyR, CRP and Fur, and analysis of expression in mutant backgrounds confirmed transcriptional control by one or more of such factors. Surveys of gene expression in pairwise combinations of Dam methylation-dependent loci revealed independent switching, thus predicting the formation of a high number of cell variants. This study expands the list of S. enterica loci under transcriptional control by Dam methylation, and underscores the relevance of the DNA adenine methylome as a source of phenotypic heterogeneity.
Ocular Fundus Abnormalities in Acute Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The FOTO-ICU Study
Authors: Sharma Rahul A , Garza Philip S , Biousse Valérie , Samuels Owen B , Newman Nancy J , Bruce Beau Benjamin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Ocular fundus abnormalities, especially intraocular hemorrhage, may represent a clinically useful prognostic marker in patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate associations between ocular fundus abnormalities and clinical outcomes in acute SAH.

METHODS
Prospective evaluation of acute SAH patients with ocular fundus photography at bedside. Multivariable logistic models were used to evaluate associations between fundus abnormalities and poor outcome (inpatient death, care withdrawal, or discharge Glasgow Outcome Score <4) and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths-of-stay, controlling for APACHE II score, respiratory failure at ICU admission, Hunt & Hess score, aneurysmal etiology, age, and sex.

RESULTS
Fundus abnormalities were present in 29/79 patients with acute SAH (35.4%), and 20/79 (25.3%) had intraocular hemorrhage. In univariate analyses, poor outcomes were more likely among patients with fundus abnormalities vs without (15/28 [53.6%] vs 15/51 [29.4%], P = .03); median length of ICU stay was longer in patients with intraocular hemorrhage than without (18 d [interquartile range (IQR) 12-25] vs 11 [IQR 7-17], P = .03). Logistic regression with fundus abnormality as predictor of interest showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR] 5.33 [95% CI 1.09-26.0], P = .045), higher APACHE II (OR, per 1-point increase, 1.35 [95% CI 1.08-1.78], P = .01), and aneurysmal etiology (OR 4.35 [95% CI 1.01-22.9], P = .048), but not fundus abnormalities (OR 1.56 [95% CI 0.43-5.65], P = .49) or intraocular hemorrhage (OR 1.28 [95% CI 0.26-5.59], P = .75) were associated with poor outcome.

CONCLUSION
Although ocular fundus abnormalities are associated with disease severity in SAH, they do not add value to patients’ acute management beyond other risk factors already in use.
Impact of Pharmacist-Driven Antiretroviral Stewardship and Transitions of Care Interventions on Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Brizzi Marisa B , Burgos Rodrigo M , Chiampas Thomas D , Michienzi Sarah M , Smith Renata , Yanful Paa Kwesi , Badowski Melissa E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience high rates of medication-related errors when admitted to the inpatient setting. Data are lacking on the impact of a combined antiretroviral (ARV) stewardship and transitions of care (TOC) program. We investigated the impact of a pharmacist-driven ARV stewardship and TOC program in persons with HIV.

Methods
This was a retrospective, quasi-experimental analysis evaluating the impact of an HIV-trained clinical pharmacist on hospitalized persons with HIV. Patients included in the study were adults following up, or planning to follow up, at the University of Illinois (UI) outpatient clinics for HIV care and admitted to the University of Illinois Hospital. Data were collected between July 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 for the preimplementation phase and between July 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 for the postimplementation phase. Primary and secondary endpoints included medication error rates related to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opportunistic infection (OI) medications, all-cause readmission rates, medication access at time of hospital discharge, and linkage to care rates.

Results
A total of 128 patients were included in the study: 60 in the preimplementation phase and 68 in the postimplementation phase. After the implementation of this program, medication error rates associated with ART and OI medications decreased from 17% (10 of 60) to 6% (4 of 68) (P = .051), 30-day all-cause readmission rates decreased significantly from 27% (16 of 60) to 12% (8 of 68) (P = .03), and linkage to care rates increased significantly from 78% (46 of 59) to 92% (61 of 66) (P = .02).

Conclusions
A pharmacist-led ARV stewardship and TOC program improved overall care of persons with HIV through reduction in medication error rates, all-cause readmission rates, and an improvement in linkage to care rates.
Fever Patterns, Cytokine Profiles, and Outcomes in COVID-19
Authors: Ng Deborah H L , Choy Chiaw Yee , Chan Yi-Hao , Young Barnaby E , Fong Siew-Wai , Ng Lisa F P , Renia Laurent , Lye David C , Chia Po Ying ,   National Centre for Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Outbreak Research Team, Ping Angela Chow Li , Ang Brenda Sze Peng , Wong Chen Seong , Lee Cheng Chuan , Ying Ding , Tay Jun-Yang , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Lee Lawrence Soon U , Leo Yee-Sin , Ling Li Min , Ang Li Wei , Cui Lin , Chen Mark I-Cheng , Chan Monica , Sadasiv Mucheli Sharavan , Ng Oon-Tek , Lee Pei Hua , Lim Poh Lian , Sadarangani Sapna Pradip , Vasoo Shawn , Sutjipto Stephanie , Yeo Tsin Wen , Mak Tze Minn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Prolonged fever is associated with adverse outcomes in dengue viral infection. Similar fever patterns are observed in COVID-19 with unclear significance.

Methods
We conducted a hospital-based case–control study of patients admitted for COVID-19 with prolonged fever (fever &gt;7 days) and saddleback fever (recurrence of fever, lasting &lt;24 hours, after defervescence beyond day 7 of illness). Fever was defined as a temperature of ≥38.0°C. Cytokines were determined with multiplex microbead-based immunoassay for a subgroup of patients. Adverse outcomes were hypoxia, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality.

Results
A total of 142 patients were included in the study; 12.7% (18/142) of cases had prolonged fever, and 9.9% (14/142) had saddleback fever. Those with prolonged fever had a median duration of fever (interquartile range [IQR]) of 10 (9–11) days for prolonged fever cases, while fever recurred at a median (IQR) of 10 (8–12) days for those with saddleback fever. Both prolonged (27.8% vs 0.9%; P &lt; .01) and saddleback fever (14.3% vs 0.9%; P = .03) were associated with hypoxia compared with controls. Cases with prolonged fever were also more likely to require ICU admission compared with controls (11.1% vs 0.9%; P = .05). Patients with prolonged fever had higher induced protein–10 and lower interleukin-1α levels compared with those with saddleback fever at the early acute phase of disease.

Conclusions
Prolonged fever beyond 7 days from onset of illness can identify patients who may be at risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Patients with saddleback fever appeared to have good outcomes regardless of the fever.
Refugee women’s well-being, needs and challenges: implications for health policymakers
Authors: Qutranji L , Silahlı N Y , Baris H E , Boran P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Refugees face circumstances where their health and well-being are compromised. In this qualitative study, the aim was to understand Syrian refugee women’s needs for care and the predisposing and enabling factors to healthcare access and utilisation.

Methods
Out of 945 Syrian mothers who gave birth in our university hospital between 2014 and 2018, 195 were reached; out of which, 47 women were included. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted and were later analysed using a qualitative content analysis approach. Depression was assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at the end of the interview.

Results
Social isolation and maternal depression, language barrier and challenges while navigating the healthcare system emerged as the main themes of the study. Low educational and occupational status of the women, poor social resources, limited Turkish proficiency and unfamiliarity with the host healthcare system were identified as the predisposing factors for poor healthcare services utilisation.

Conclusion
Recommendations include bridging language gaps, improving the navigation of the healthcare system by visual support or in-person interpretation, and psychosocial support. Providing hospital-based language courses to mothers and social integration programs for families will improve the mothers’ well-being and indirectly care of the child.
COVID-19 in Italy: An Analysis of Death Registry Data
Authors: Ciminelli Gabriele , Garcia-Mandicó Sílvia 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
There are still many unknowns about COVID-19. We do not know its exact mortality rate nor the speed through which it spreads across communities. This lack of evidence complicates the design of appropriate response policies.

Methods
We source daily death registry data for 4100 municipalities in Italy’s north and match them to Census data. We augment the dataset with municipality-level data on a host of co-factors of COVID-19 mortality, which we exploit in a differences-in-differences regression model to analyze COVID-19-induced mortality.

Results
We find that COVID-19 killed more than 0.15% of the local population during the first wave of the epidemic. We also show that official statistics vastly underreport this death toll, by about 60%. Next, we uncover the dramatic effects of the epidemic on nursing home residents in the outbreak epicenter: in municipalities with a high share of the elderly living in nursing homes, COVID-19 mortality was about twice as high as in those with no nursing home intown.

Conclusions
A pro-active approach in managing the epidemic is key to reduce COVID-19 mortality. Authorities should ramp-up testing capacity and increase contact-tracing abilities. Adequate protective equipment should be provided to nursing home residents and staff.
Co-prescription of gabapentinoids and opioids among adults with and without osteoarthritis in the United Kingdom between 1995 and 2017
Authors: Yu Dahai , Appleyard Tom , Cottrell Elizabeth , Peat George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To produce national and regional estimates and trends for gabapentinoid–opioid co-prescribing rates in patients with OA, both in absolute terms and relative to matched controls without OA.

Methods
Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink database we first constructed age–sex–practice–date 1:1 matched cohorts of patients aged ≥40 years with and without a new diagnosis of OA between 1995–2017 and estimated the relative incidence of a first gabapentinoid prescription. Incident gabapentinoid users in both cohorts were followed to estimate and compare the event rate of gabapentinoid–opioid co-prescription (prescription from both classes within the same 28-day window).

Results
The incidence of first gabapentinoid prescription was 3-fold higher in patients with OA than in matched controls [n = 215 357; incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.93; 95% CI: 2.87, 3.00]. Among incident gabapentinoid users with OA (n = 27 374, median follow-up 3.9 years) the event rate of gabapentinoid–opioid co-prescription was 4.03 (4.02–4.05) per person-year. The rate was higher in OA patients classed as long-term gabapentinoid users (6.24; 6.22–6.26). These rates were significantly higher than in incident gabapentinoid users without OA [adjusted-IRR: 1.29 (1.28–1.30)]. This elevated risk was observed across age, sex, geographic regions, and calendar years, when restricted to strong opioids and to long-term gabapentinoid users, and when co-prescription was defined as within 14 days and same-day prescribing.

Conclusions
Patients with OA not only have a higher risk of being prescribed a gabapentinoid but, once prescribed a gabapentinoid, are also at greater risk of opioid co-prescription. Strict restriction of gabapentinoid–opioid co-prescription, and improved access to, and uptake of, effective non-pharmacological and surgical alternatives for OA are required.
Using Natural Language Processing on Electronic Health Records to Enhance Detection and Prediction of Psychosis Risk
Authors: Irving Jessica , Patel Rashmi , Oliver Dominic , Colling Craig , Pritchard Megan , Broadbent Matthew , Baldwin Helen , Stahl Daniel , Stewart Robert , Fusar-Poli Paolo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Using novel data mining methods such as natural language processing (NLP) on electronic health records (EHRs) for screening and detecting individuals at risk for psychosis.

Method
The study included all patients receiving a first index diagnosis of nonorganic and nonpsychotic mental disorder within the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust between January 1, 2008, and July 28, 2018. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-regularized Cox regression was used to refine and externally validate a refined version of a five-item individualized, transdiagnostic, clinically based risk calculator previously developed (Harrell’s C = 0.79) and piloted for implementation. The refined version included 14 additional NLP-predictors: tearfulness, poor appetite, weight loss, insomnia, cannabis, cocaine, guilt, irritability, delusions, hopelessness, disturbed sleep, poor insight, agitation, and paranoia.

Results
A total of 92 151 patients with a first index diagnosis of nonorganic and nonpsychotic mental disorder within the SLaM Trust were included in the derivation (n = 28 297) or external validation (n = 63 854) data sets. Mean age was 33.6 years, 50.7% were women, and 67.0% were of white race/ethnicity. Mean follow-up was 1590 days. The overall 6-year risk of psychosis in secondary mental health care was 3.4 (95% CI, 3.3–3.6). External validation indicated strong performance on unseen data (Harrell’s C 0.85, 95% CI 0.84–0.86), an increase of 0.06 from the original model.

Conclusions
Using NLP on EHRs can considerably enhance the prognostic accuracy of psychosis risk calculators. This can help identify patients at risk of psychosis who require assessment and specialized care, facilitating earlier detection and potentially improving patient outcomes.
Risk-seeking attitude in health and safety domain is associated with continuous positive airway pressure discontinuation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea—a multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Pelletier-Fleury Nathalie , Le Vaillant Marc , Goupil François , Paris Audrey , Pigeane Thierry , Gagnadoux Frédéric , Meslier Nicole ,   IRSR Sleep Cohort Group, Gagnadoux F , Meslier N , Person C , Priou P , Trzepizur W , Goupil F , Paris A , Molinier O , Bizieux-Thaminy A , Caby Isabelle , Bellier Maël , des Olonnes Pôle santé , Pigeanne T , Corne F , Jaffre S , Leclair-Visonneau Laurene , Humeau M P , de la Tranchade M Normand 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesMany studies have already looked at factors that may influence adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), patients’ age, technical aspects, socioeconomic factors, living conditions, psychological factors). Although it has been shown that individuals’ preference for risky behaviors in daily life can influence the use of care or adherence to drug therapies in care settings, this has never been tested in OSA. This study aims to analyze the association between risk attitude in the health/safety domain and CPAP discontinuation in a cohort of OSA patients.MethodsIn a prospective multicenter cohort study nested within the IRSR sleep cohort, consecutive patients who were prescribed CPAP were monitored for at least 6 months. In addition to the data usually collected in the IRSR sleep cohort at baseline, patients also completed a risk-taking questionnaire using the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale. Cox’s proportional hazards regression was used to model the risk of CPAP discontinuation as a function of a linear combination of variables hypothetically related to this risk including health risk attitude.ResultsOf the 489 patients under CPAP, 12.1% (n = 59) were risk-seeking, 87.9% (n = 430) were risk-neutral, and none were risk-averse. Cox’s model indicated that a risk-seeking attitude (p = 0.04) and an AHI &lt;30 (p &lt; 0.01) were significantly associated with CPAP discontinuation.ConclusionsPatients with risk-seeking behaviors in daily life have been shown to be more likely to discontinue CPAP. The DOSPERT scale can be a useful tool for screening this specific group of patients in clinical practice.
Sleep and screen exposure across the beginning of life: deciphering the links using big-data analytics
Authors: Kahn Michal , Barnett Natalie , Glazer Assaf , Gradisar Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesEvidence for the association between screen time and insufficient sleep is bourgeoning, and recent findings suggest that these associations may be more pronounced in younger compared to older children, and for portable compared to non-portable devices. However, these effects have yet to be investigated within the beginning of life. Importantly, there are no data for the relationship between screen exposure and objectively measured infant sleep. This study examined the moderating role of age for both touchscreens’ and television’s relationship with sleep, using auto-videosomnography within a big-data sample of infants.MethodsThe sleep of 1074 infants (46% girls) aged 0–18 months was objectively assessed using computer-vision technology in this cross-sectional study. Sleep was additionally reported by parents in an online survey, as was infant exposure to screens.ResultsAge significantly moderated the relationship between daytime touchscreen exposure and sleep with a distinct pattern for younger infants, in which screen exposure was associated with decreased daytime sleep, but with a proposed compensatory increase in nighttime sleep consolidation. Compared to touchscreens, television exposure was less likely to be associated with sleep metrics, and age moderated this relationship only for daytime and 24-hour sleep duration.ConclusionsIn young infants, a daytime-nighttime sleep “trade-off” emerged, suggesting that the displacement of daytime sleep by screens may lead to greater accumulation of sleep homeostatic pressure, which in turn facilitates more consolidated nighttime sleep.