bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients with uncomplicated and severe malaria based on msp-1 and msp-2 genes in Gublak, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Hussein , Hassen Kedir , Assefa Ashenafi , Mekete Kalkidan , Tadesse Gemechu , Taye Girum , Commons Robert J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Malaria infection can present with a wide variety of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe. Plasmodium falciparum isolates in uncomplicated and severe malaria infections may have different parasite genetic profiles. This study was conducted to assess differences in genetic diversity and allelic frequencies in P. falciparum isolates according to malaria severity and age of patients in the Gublack area, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods
Cross-sectional health facility-based study conducted in Gublak, Ethiopia between July, 2017 and October, 2017. Symptomatic P. falciparum malaria patients with microscopically-confirmed infection were enrolled. Parasite DNA was extracted from filter paper blood spots and the polymorphic regions of the msp-1 and msp-2 genes were genotyped using allele-specific nested-PCR with fragment analysis by gel electrophoresis.

Results
A total of 118 patients were enrolled including 95 (80.5%) with uncomplicated infection and 23 (19.5%) with severe disease. In msp-1, the K1 allelic family was similarly prevalent in uncomplicated 42 (44.2%) and severe disease 12 (52.2%). In msp-2, FC27 was detected in 55 (57.9%) of uncomplicated infections and IC/3D7 in 14 (60.9%) of severe infections. 76 (64.4%) of the 118 isolates contained multiple genotypes; 56 (58.9%) in uncomplicated infections and 19 (82.6%) in severe infections. The overall of multiplicity of infection was 2.2 (95% CI 1.98–2.42) with 1.4 (95% CI 1.23–1.55) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.49–1.86) for msp-1 and msp-2, respectively. Multiplicity of infection was significantly higher in severe than uncomplicated infections (3.0 (95% CI 2.61–3.47) versus 2.0 (95% CI 1.83–2.23), respectively, p = 0.001). There was no difference in multiplicity of infection across age groups (p = 0.104).

Conclusion
Patients with severe malaria were more likely to have multiclonal infections. Further studies are needed to describe the association between P. falciparum genotypes and malaria severity in different malaria transmission areas.
Factors associated with utilization of LLINs among women of child-bearing age in Igabi, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Babalola Obafemi J. , Sambo Mohammed N. , Idris Suleiman H. , Ajayi Ike-Oluwapo O. , Ajumobi Olufemi , Nguku Patrick 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) are effective against prevention of malaria and its utilization has been proven to save lives. Despite the mass distribution of LLIN, Nigeria remains the country with the highest malaria burden in Africa. The awareness of LLIN in Nigeria is high, but the utilization is low. The aim of this work is to describe factors associated with the utilization of LLIN among women of child-bearing age (WCBA) in Igabi, Kaduna, Nigeria.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 630 WCBA selected using a multi-stage sampling at 63 randomly selected villages in Igabi Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Trained female data collectors administered pre-tested structured questionnaires adapted from the Malaria Indicator Survey. Information collected were demographic profile, knowledge of LLIN as a preventive strategy for malaria, and LLIN ownership and utilization. LLIN utilization was assessed by identifying household members that slept under the hanged LLIN the night before the survey. Questions on the awareness of LLIN, ability to define what it is, use of LLIN, what differentiates LLIN from other bed nets, and duration of use before replacement, were scored and categorized as good, average and poor knowledge of LLIN.ResultsA total of 629 WCBA was sampled, their mean age (± SD) was 29.3 (± 6.2) years, 22.0% were pregnant, 40.5% had no formal education, 41.1% were employed, and 47.7% lived in rural communities. Awareness and good knowledge about LLINs for the prevention of malaria was 96.0% and 24.0%, respectively. The proportion of women who slept under a LLIN the night before the survey (utilization) was 70.0% and slightly higher (74.0%) among pregnant WCBA. Women who lived in rural communities were more likely to utilize LLINs compared to their urban counterparts (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.3–4.9). Younger women (aged < 30 years) were less likely to utilize LLINs compared to the older women (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5–0.9).ConclusionsThe knowledge of LLIN among WCBA was poor, but LLIN utilization was moderate. Living in rural communities and older WCBA were significant characteristics associated with LLIN utilization. Strategies that will improve the utilization of LLIN among the young and urban WCBA should be the focus of the Malaria Elimination Programme (MEP).
Social capital is associated with lower mosquito vector indices: secondary analysis from a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in Mexico
Authors: Alvarado-Castro Víctor , Paredes-Solís Sergio , Nava-Aguilera Elizabeth , Morales-Pérez Arcadio , Flores-Moreno Miguel , Legorreta-Soberanis José , Jaimes-Néstor Esmeralda , Cockcroft Anne , Andersson Neil 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Control of the Aedes aegypti mosquito is central to reducing the risk of dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. Randomised controlled trials, including the Camino Verde trial in Mexico and Nicaragua, demonstrate the convincing impact of community mobilisation interventions on vector indices. These interventions might work through building social capital but little is known about the relationship between social capital and vector indices.

Methods
A secondary analysis used data collected from 45 intervention clusters and 45 control clusters in the impact survey of the Mexican arm of the Camino Verde cluster randomised controlled trial. Factor analysis combined responses to questions about aspects of social capital to create a social capital index with four constructs, their weighted averages then combined into a single scale. We categorised households as having high or low social capital based on their score on this scale. We examined associations between social capital and larval and pupal vector indices, taking account of the effects of other variables in a multivariate analysis. We report associations as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The four social capital constructs were involvement, participation, investment, and communication. Among the 10,112 households, those in rural communities were much more likely to have a high social capital score (OR 4.51, 95% CIca 3.26–6.26). Households in intervention sites had higher social capital, although the association was not significant at the 5% level. Households with high social capital were more likely to be negative for larvae or pupae (OR 1.38, 95% CIca 1.12–1.69) and for pupae specifically (OR 1.37, 95% CIca 1.08–1.74). There was interaction between intervention status and social capital; in multivariate analysis, a combined variable of intervention/high social capital remained associated with larvae or pupae (ORa l.56, 95% CIca 1.19–2.04) and with pupae specifically (ORa 1.65, 95% CIca 1.20–2.28).

Conclusion
This is the first report of an association of high social capital with low vector indices. Our findings support the idea that the Camino Verde community mobilisation intervention worked partly through an interaction with social capital. Understanding such interactions may help to maximise the impact of future community mobilisation interventions.
TRIM30 modulates Interleukin-22-regulated papillary thyroid Cancer cell migration and invasion by targeting Sox17 for K48-linked Polyubiquitination
Authors: Li Wei , Li Fen , Lei Weiwei , Tao Zezhang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInterleukin-22 (IL-22) belongs to the IL-10 cytokine family and is mainly produced by activated Th1 cells. Although IL-22 expression is reported to be elevated in many cancers, and increased IL-22 expression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis, little is known about the role of IL-22 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We previously demonstrated that IL-22 promotes PTC cell migration and invasion through the microRNA-595/Sox17 axis.MethodsWe used qRT-PCR and western blot to determine TRIM30, Sox17 and β-catenin expression in PTC cells. Knockdown and overexpression were performed to detect the role of TRIM30/Sox17/β-catenin axis on the migration and invasion PTC cells. Co-IP were used to determine the interaction between TRIM30 and Sox17.FindingsIn this study, we demonstrated that IL-22 triggered tripartite-motif protein 30 (TRIM30) association with Sox17, thereby mediating K48-linked polyubiquitination of Sox17. We then demonstrated that TRIM30 was a positive regulator of IL-22-regulated migration and invasion of PTC cells. We also found that IL-22 induced the transcriptional activity of β-catenin and translocation of β-catenin from cytosol to the nucleus. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that IL-22 disrupted Sox17/β-catenin interactions by inducing TRIM30/Sox17 interactions, leading to promotion of β-catenin-dependent signaling. The analysis of hundreds of clinical specimens revealed that IL-22, TRIM30 and β-catenin levels were upregulated in PTC tissues compared with normal thyroid, and that their expression levels were closely correlated. Taken together, under the influence of IL-22, by sequestration of Sox17, TRIM30 promotes β-catenin-dependent signaling that promotes PTC cell proliferation.
The immunoregulation of mesenchymal stem cells plays a critical role in improving the prognosis of liver transplantation
Authors: Hu Chenxia , Li Lanjuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe liver is supplied by a dual blood supply, including the portal venous system and the hepatic arterial system; thus, the liver organ is exposed to multiple gut microbial products, metabolic products, and toxins; is sensitive to extraneous pathogens; and can develop liver failure, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after short-term or long-term injury. Although liver transplantation (LT) serves as the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases, it is not very popular because of the complications and low survival rates. Although the liver is generally termed an immune and tolerogenic organ with adaptive systems consisting of humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity, a high rejection rate is still the main complication in patients with LT. Growing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation could serve as an effective immunomodulatory strategy to induce tolerance in various immune-related disorders. MSCs are reported to inhibit the immune response from innate immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer cells (NK cells), and natural killer T (NKT) cells, and that from adaptive immune cells, including T cells, B cells and other liver-specific immune cells, for the generation of a tolerogenic microenvironment. In this review, we summarized the relationship between LT and immunoregulation, and we focused on how to improve the effects of MSC transplantation to improve the prognosis of LT. Only after exhaustive clarification of the potential immunoregulatory mechanisms of MSCs in vitro and in vivo can we implement MSC protocols in routine clinical practice to improve LT outcome.
Association between sow and piglet blood hemoglobin concentrations and stillbirth risk
Authors: Bhattarai Sheeva , Framstad Tore , Nielsen Jens Peter 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that high piglet blood hemoglobin concentration (HbC) at birth lead to better performance later in life. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association between sow and piglet blood HbC at farrowing. A secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between sow HbC and probability of stillbirths. Farrowings were observed in 22 sows in a Danish commercial herd. Maternal blood HbC was measured 1–3 days before farrowing using a HemoCue 201 + Hb device. Similarly, HbC was measured from 144 offspring piglets before colostrum intake. Total number of born piglets per litter and parity of the sow were recorded and stillborn piglets were identified using a lung flotation technique. The association between HbC in sows and piglets was determined using a linear mixed model. The relationship between sow HbC and probability of stillbirths was determined using a generalized linear model. The mean HbC of the sows and piglets were 106.9 ± 12.2 and 124.4 ± 19.9 g/L, respectively. A tendency towards a positive association between HbC of the piglets and HbC of the sow around farrowing was found (P = 0.058). Additionally, the probability of stillbirths was negatively associated with the sow HbC (P = 0.021). These results indicate that HbC in newborn piglets may be increased by increasing the sow HbC. Furthermore, stillbirth rates might be reduced by increasing the HbC of the sow.
Incidence and mortality of multiple myeloma in China, 2006–2016: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Authors:   Union for China Lymphoma Investigators of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Liu Jiangmei ,   Union for China Leukemia Investigators of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology, Liu Weiping , Mi Lan , Zeng Xinying , Cai Cai , Ma Jun , Wang Lijun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe accurate information about burden of multiple myeloma (MM) at national and provincial level remains unknown in China.MethodsFollowing the general analytical strategy used in GBD 2016, the age-, sex-, and province-specific incidence and mortality in China were analyzed. Trends in the incidence and mortality from 2006 to 2016 were evaluated.ResultsIt was estimated that there were 16,500 new cases and 10,300 deaths of multiple myeloma in China in 2016. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 population were 1.03 (95% UI, 0.88–1.17) and 0.67 (95% UI, 0.59–0.77) in 2016. Males had higher incidence and mortality rates than females in all age groups. An upward trend with age in incidence and mortality was observed. Higher incidence and mortality rates clustered in the developed provinces. The incidence of MM in China increased significantly from 2006 to 2016, while the mortality increased from 2006 to 2014, and remained stable from 2014 to 2016.ConclusionThe burden of MM showed a heterogeneous pattern in China, which highlighted the need of tailored disease prevention and control strategies in both national and provincial levels.
Arsenic sulfide induces RAG1-dependent DNA damage for cell killing by inhibiting NFATc3 in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Kang Ting , Ge Maolin , Wang Ruiheng , Tan Zhen , Zhang Xiuli , Zhu Chuanying , Liu Han , Chen Siyu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Arsenic sulfide was found to have potential anti-cancer activities, especially in gastric cancer. However, the underlying mechanism need to be further explored. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanism of arsenic compounds on gastric cancer.

Methods
Gastric cancer cell lines were infected with lentiviral vector carrying shNFATc3 and/or treated with arsenic sulfide. MTT assay were performed to assess cell growth. Flow cytometer assays were used to detect cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of gastric cancer cells. Western blot was carried out to detect nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 (NFATc3), cell cycle markers, DNA damage pathway protein expression as well as other protein expression in gastric cancer cell lines. The expression of recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) in gastric cancer cell lines was determined by RNA-sequencing analyses and Real-Time qPCR. The effect of NFATc3 on RAG1 were determined by CHIP-qPCR assay. The effect of arsenic sulfide on AGS cells was evaluated in vivo.

Results
We show that arsenic sulfide as well as knockdown of NFATc3 resulted in increased double-strand DNA damage in gastric cancer cells by increasing the expression of RAG1, an endonuclease essential for immunoglobulin V(D) J recombination. Overexpression of NFATc3 blocked the expression of RAG1 expression and DNA damage induced by arsenic sulfide. Arsenic sulfide induced cellular oxidative stress to redistribute NFATc3, thereby inhibiting its transcriptional function, which can be reversed by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). We show that NFATc3 targets the promoter of RAG1 for transcriptional inhibition. We further showed that NFATc3 upregulation and RAG1 downregulation significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Our in vivo experiments further confirmed that arsenic sulfide exerted cytotoxic activity against gastric cancer cells through inhibiting NFATc3 to activate RAG1 pathway.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that arsenic sulfide targets NFATc3 to induce double strand DNA break (DSB) for cell killing through activating RAG1 expression. Our results link arsenic compound to the regulation of DNA damage control and RAG1 expression as a mechanism for its cytotoxic effect.
Long non-coding RNA PAXIP1-AS1 facilitates cell invasion and angiogenesis of glioma by recruiting transcription factor ETS1 to upregulate KIF14 expression
Authors: Xu Haiyang , Zhao Guifang , Zhang Yu , Jiang Hong , Wang Weiyao , Zhao Donghai , Yu Hongquan , Qi Ling 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Gliomas are common life-threatening cancers, mainly due to their aggressive nature and frequent invasiveness and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as promising molecular targets. Therefore, we explored the regulatory mechanisms underlying the putative involvement of the lncRNA PAX-interacting protein 1- antisense RNA1/ETS proto-oncogene 1/kinesin family member 14 (PAXIP1-AS1/ETS1/KIF14) axis in glioma cell invasion and angiogenesis.

Methods
Firstly, we identified differentially expressed lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 as associated with glioma based on bioinformatic data. Then, validation experiments were conducted to confirm a high expression level of lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 in glioma tissues and cells, accompanied by upregulated KIF14. We further examined the binding between lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1, KIF14 promoter activity, and transcription factor ETS1. Next, overexpression vectors and shRNAs were delivered to alter the expression of lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1, KIF14, and ETS1 to analyze their effects on glioma progression in vivo and in vitro.

Results
LncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 was mainly distributed in the nucleus of glioma cells. LncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 could upregulate the KIF14 promoter activity by recruiting transcription factor ETS1. Overexpression of lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1 enhanced migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in glioma by recruiting the transcription factor ETS1 to upregulate the expression of KIF14, which was further confirmed by accelerated tumor growth in nude mice.

Conclusions
The key findings of this study highlighted the potential of the lncRNA PAXIP1-AS1/ETS1/KIF14 axis as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment, due to its role in controlling the migration and invasion of glioma cells and its angiogenesis.
Impact of early intravenous amiodarone administration on neurological outcome in refractory ventricular fibrillation: retrospective analysis of prospectively collected prehospital data
Authors: Lee Dong Keon , Kim Yu Jin , Kim Giwoon , Lee Choung Ah. , Moon Hyung Jun , Oh Jaehoon , Yang Hae Chul , Choi Han Joo , Oh Young Taeck , Park Seung Min 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
The 2015 AHA guidelines recommend that amiodarone should be used for patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF). However, the optimal time interval between the incoming call and amiodarone administration (call-to-amiodarone administration interval) in RVF patients has not been investigated. We hypothesized that the time elapsed until amiodarone administration could affect the neurological outcome at hospital discharge in patients with RVF.

Methods and results
This study is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. One hundred thirty-four patients were enrolled. In univariate logistic regression, the probability of a good neurological outcome at hospital discharge decreased as the time elapsed until amiodarone administration increased (OR 0.89 [95% CI = 0.80–0.99]). In multivariate logistic regression, the patients who were administered amiodarone in less than 20 min showed higher rates of prehospital ROSC, survival at hospital arrival, any ROSC, survival at admission, survival to discharge, and good CPC at hospital discharge. The call-to-amiodarone administration interval of ≤20 min (OR 6.92, 95% CI 1.72–27.80) was the independent factor affecting the neurological outcome at hospital discharge.

Conclusion
Early amiodarone administration (≤ 20 min) showed better neurological outcome at hospital discharge for OHCA patients who showed initial ventricular fibrillation and subsequent RVF.
Psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases during the diagnostic workup of potential breast cancer: a population-based cohort study in Skåne, Sweden
Authors: Shen Qing , Jöud Anna , Schelin Maria E. C. , Sjölander Arvid , Cao Yang , Sparén Pär , Fall Katja , Czene Kamila , Valdimarsdóttir Unnur , Fang Fang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of women are evaluated for potential breast cancer and may experience mental distress during evaluation. We aim to assess the risks of psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases during the diagnostic workup of potential breast cancer.MethodsAll women with a new diagnosis of unspecified lump in breast (N = 15,714), benign tumor or breast cancer in situ (N = 4435), or breast cancer (N = 8512) during 2005–2014 in Skåne, Sweden, were considered as exposed to a breast diagnostic workup. We used multivariable Poisson regression to compare rates of psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases during the 6 weeks before the date of diagnosis of these women with the corresponding rates of women not undergoing such workup. The commonest waiting time for breast cancer patients was 6 weeks during the study period. A within-individual comparison was performed to control for potential unmeasured time-stationary confounders.ResultsCompared to the reference, we found a higher rate of psychiatric disorders during the 6 weeks before diagnosis of benign tumor or breast cancer in situ (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.5) and breast cancer (IRR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.6). A higher rate was also noted for cardiovascular diseases (IRR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6 for benign tumor or breast cancer in situ, and IRR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.8 to 2.0 for breast cancer). The rate increases for breast cancer were greater comparing a diagnostic workup due to symptoms to a workup due to screening. Little rate increase of neither psychiatric disorders nor cardiovascular diseases was noted during the 6 weeks before the diagnosis of unspecified lump in breast. The within-individual comparison largely confirmed these findings.ConclusionsWomen with benign and malignant breast tumor had increased rates of psychiatric disorders and cardiovascular diseases during the waiting for a final diagnosis.