bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Multicultural Competence by Fostering Collaborative Skills
Authors: Borge Marcela , Soto José A. , Aldemir Tugce , Mena Jasmine A. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Developing greater multicultural competence is predicated on developing continual awareness and education about issues relevant to marginalized identities. One way to promote this competence is by engaging in productive intergroup dialogue with individuals representing a diversity of perspectives. Statement of the Problem: Intergroup dialogues can be difficult and require training and skill to keep them collaborative and not adversarial. The challenge for instructors is how to build in the kinds of activities necessary to help students become effective collaborators. Literature Review: We review the definition of multicultural competence and note the under-emphasis on developing culturally relevant skills. With that in mind, we discuss the importance of difficult dialogue in advancing multicultural competence and briefly discuss what effective collaboration entails. Teaching Implications: Finally, we discuss a model for building this type of skills training into psychology courses using an online, chat platform designed to help develop collaborative skills called CREATE. Conclusion: We provide recommendations for inclusion of the CREATE system in psychology courses as a strategy for facilitating multicultural awareness and skills.
Olympic Dam: BHP thinking big about the future
Authors: Cuthbert P. 
Published: December 2020

Olympic Dam is one of the world’s most significant polymetallic orebodies producing copper, uranium, gold, and silver in remote South Australia. The polymetallic deposit is located 520 km north-northwest of Adelaide, South Australia and has an inferred resource of 2660 Mt at 1.2% Cu, 1.4 kg t−1 U3Os, and 0.5 g t−1 Au. Ore is mined from the underground operation at a rate of approximately 10 mt year−1, and is processed on site through a concentrator and hydrometallurgical facility, smelter, and electrolytic refinery. Olympic Dam is one of the only sites in the world to claim the ‘mine to market’ title. Protection of the workforce and the environment has been a primary focus for the operations through its 30+ year life and will continue to be into the future. Broken Hill Propriety Company (BHP) believes that its most important asset is its people. With such a large orebody and a very long potential mine life, it is important to think strategically about the future to ensure the viability of the operation. This requires development of mine and surface processing facilities in a staged manner. Importantly, it also involves the development of people. This presentation provides an overview of BHP’s work at Olympic Dam and outlines development plans for Olympic Dam into the future. © 2020 ICRP. Published by SAGE.
The Arkansas Active Kids Study: Identifying contributing factors to metabolic health and obesity status in prepubertal school-age children
Authors: Bai Shasha , Goudie Anthony , Børsheim Elisabet , Weber Judith L 
Published: December 2020

Background: We report the design, protocol and statistical analysis plan for the Arkansas Active Kids (AAK) Study. The study investigates the complex relationships between factors that contribute to metabolic health and obesity status in prepubertal school-age children in the state of Arkansas. Aim: We aim to identify modifiable behavioral and environmental factors and phenotypes related to metabolic health that are associated with obesity status that, if addressed effectively, can aid in designing effective intervention strategies to improve fitness and reduce obesity in children. Methods: We analyzed dietary and physical activity data from two national surveys (National Survey of Children’s Health and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System). We then conducted detailed surveys to collect dietary, physical activity, socio-demographic, and environmental data from a sample of 226 prepubertal Arkansas children. In the same sample of prepubertal children, we also collected extensive physiologic data to further study associations between physical activity and metabolic health. Results: All study visits included detailed measures of vital signs, energy expenditure, components of physical fitness, body composition and the collection of biological samples for determination of metabolic analytes. Conclusion: The observational, environmental and physiological results will be used to craft multivariate statistical models to identify which variables define ‘phenotype signatures’ that associate with fitness level and obesity status.
The short-term prognostic value of serum platelet to hemoglobin in patients with type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Wang Yu , Qiao Tengfei , Zhou Jun 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) is an uncommon catastrophic cardiovascular disease with high pre-hospital mortality rate without timely and effectively treated. The aim of this study was to assess the value of serum platelet to hemoglobin (PHR) in predicting in-hospital mortality in type A AAD patients. Methods: A total of 183 type A AAD patients were included in this retrospective investigation from January 2017 to December 2019. Admission blood routine parameters were gathered and PHR was computed. The outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality within 30 days. Results The average levels of serum PHR were significant higher in survivor group than those in non-survivor group (1.14 ± 0.57 vs 0.87 ± 0.47, p = 0.006) and serum PHR was an independent factor associated with in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 2.831; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.108–7.231; p = 0.030). ROC noted that 0.8723 was chosen as the ideal cutoff value with a sensitivity of 64.3% and specificity of 72.5%. In addition, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.693 (95% CI 0.599–0.787, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Admission serum PHR can be used as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with type A AAD.
Role of the notched unipolar electrogram in guiding catheter ablation of frequent premature ventricular contractions originating from the ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Huang Li-Hong , Gao Ming-Yang , Zeng Li-Jun , Xie Bo-Qia , Shi Liang , Wang Yan-Jiang , Yin Xian-Dong , Wang Yu-Xing , Liu Xiao-Qing , Tian Ying , Yang Xin-Chun , Liu Xing-Peng 
Published: December 2020

Objective To investigate the value of a notched unipolar electrogram (N-uniEGM) in confirming the origin of premature ventricular contractions originating from the ventricular outflow tract (VOT-PVC) during mapping and ablation procedures. Methods This retrospective study enrolled consecutive patients with symptomatic idiopathic frequent VOT-PVCs that underwent radiofrequency ablation. The characteristics of the uniEGM of the successful ablation targets were analysed. N-uniEGM was defined as the uniEGM presenting a QS morphology with ≥1 steep notches on the downstroke deflection. All patients were followed-up for 3 months post-ablation. Results The study enrolled 190 patients with a mean ± SD age of 49.0 ± 15.3 years. N-uniEGMs were recorded in 124 of 190 (65.3%) patients. The N-uniEGM distribution area was limited to a mean ± SD of 0.8 ± 0.4 cm2. N-uniEGM showed consistency with the outcomes of activation mapping and pace mapping. Patients with an N-uniEGM had an ablation success rate of 98.4% (122 of 124) and their ablation times were significantly shorter than those without an N-uniEGM (7.6 ± 3.8 s versus 15.8 ± 8.8 s, respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of N-uniEGM in predicting successful ablation of VOT-PVCs were 72.6% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion N-uniEGM was a highly specific and moderately sensitive predictor of successful radiofrequency ablation in patients with VOT-PVCs.
Using intestinal flora to distinguish non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from non-alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Li Chao , Cui Lihong , Wang Xiaohui , Yan Zhihui , Wang Shaoxin , Zheng Yan 
Published: December 2020

Objective To explore specific flora in mouse models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to improve NASH diagnostic protocols. Methods Sixty mice were divided into normal diet (ND, 20 mice) and high-fat/high-sugar diet (HFSD) groups (40 mice). After 8 weeks of feeding, 10 mice in the ND group and 20 mice in the HFSD group were sacrificed to create the short-term ND and non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) groups, respectively. After 16 weeks of feeding, the remaining mice were sacrificed to create the long-term ND and NASH groups, respectively. We then examined fecal flora, serum biochemical indices, and lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α levels and analyzed liver tissue. Results The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Ruminiclostridium 9, and Turicibacter differed between NASH and NAFL mice, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the four genera for diagnosing NASH were 0.705, 0.734, 0.737, and 0.937. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio (r = 0.353), Ruminiclostridium 9 (r = 0.431), and Turicibacter (r = 0.688). Conclusions The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, Ruminiclostridium, and Turicibacter may help distinguish NASH from NAFL.
Transformation of advanced lung adenocarcinoma to acquired T790M resistance mutation adenosquamous carcinoma following tyrosine kinase inhibitor: a case report
Authors: Liu Qinghan , Wu Lin , Zhang Suning 
Published: December 2020

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are recommended for patients with non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. However, acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs seems inevitable and the mechanism of drug resistance has not been fully defined. There is no effective treatment for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who are resistant to TKIs owing to pathologic type conversion. Case presentation: We report a patient who was initially diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma. At first, she was sensitive to the first-generation TKI icotinib. After 17 months of treatment, the patient acquired resistance to icotinib. Moreover, after tumor resection, immunohistochemical analysis showed pathologic change from adenocarcinoma to adenosquamous carcinoma, and next-generation sequencing technology discovered EGFR exon19 p.745-750 del, exon20 p.T790M, and KMT2C exon 18 p.R973G mutations. After video-assisted tumor resection, the patient is receiving osimertinib (AZD 9291). Current overall survival is 60 months. Conclusions: Surgical intervention may prolong survival time in patients with acquired TKI resistance, especially when there is no evidence of metastasis.
COVID-19 impact in radiotherapy practice in an oncology hub: a screenshot from Lombardy, Italy
Authors: Corrao Giulia , Bergamaschi Luca , Zaffaroni Mattia , Sarra Fiore Massimo , Bufi Giammaria , Leonardi Maria Cristina , Lazzari Roberta , Alterio Daniela , Cattani Federica , Pravettoni Gabriella , Mastrilli Fabrizio , Orecchia Roberto , Marvaso Giulia , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara Alicja 
Published: December 2020

Objective: During 2020, medical clinical activities were dramatically modified by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency. We aim to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on radiotherapy (RT) practice in a hub cancer center. Methods: Retrospective data collection of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection, identified by pathognomonic symptoms feedback at triage realized at the entrance to RT division. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of oncologic disease, COVID-19–related symptoms, and signed written informed consent. Results: Between 1 March and 30 June 2020, 1,006 patients accessed our RT division for RT simulation or treatment. Forty-four patients matched inclusion criteria (4.4% of all patients): 29 women and 15 men. Seventeen patients had metastatic disease. Twenty-one patients reported fever, 6 presented dyspnea, 4 complained of ageusia and anosmia, and 3 developed conjunctivitis. Thirty-six patients underwent nasal swab, with 7 positive results. From our cohort, 4 cases of pneumonia were diagnosed with computed tomography scan imaging: 3 were related to COVID-19 infection, while the fourth was evaluated as an RT adverse event. From the entire series, 4 patients died: 3 during hospitalization in intensive care unit of complications of COVID-19 and 1 of other causes neither COVID-19 nor cancer-related. Conclusions: Cancer hub allows for safe RT practice continuation while minimizing the spread of contagion in this frail patient population. A challenge for the future will be to understand pandemic consequences in cancer natural history and manage its clinical impact.
Efficacy of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Shorouk , Habiballah Mohamed , Sayed Iman El 
Published: December 2020

Objective: to synthesize evidence about the efficacy of electronic cigarettes versus Nicotine Replacement Therapy and placebo to quit smoking. Data sources: We searched for clinical trials with no publication date restriction until December 2019. The search included CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Center for reviews and dissemination and HTA database and Trip database, clinical trials registries, gray literature and examined the references of relevant articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Two review authors independently checked the titles and abstracts then the full text of initial hits. Main outcomes were sustained continuous abstinence rate, 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate, sustained reduction of 50% or greater in baseline cigarette consumption and adverse effects. Data extraction and synthesis: Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. We conducted a random-effects model through the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results: We retrieved 12 trials involving 9863 participants. CO- validated 1-month continuous abstinence rate improved by 33% in the e-cigarettes group (range 6-66%, moderate evidence). We are uncertain if e-cigarettess influence continuous abstinence rate at 3-, 6- and 12 months as well as sustained reduction of 50% or greater in baseline cigarette consumption at different follow-up periods. One study of 884 participants displayed improved 12-month 7-day point abstinence by 46% (range 17%-82%). E-cigarettes may increase or do not affect the proportion of serious adverse effect at 6 and 12 months follow up. Conclusion: Very low certainty evidence supported e-cigarettess to help quit smoking in the short term. There is not enough evidence to determine if e-cigarettess are a safe and efficacious means of smoking cessation in the long term (12+ months).
How do patients and their family members experience the transition from peritoneal dialysis to incentre haemodialysis? A multisite qualitative study in England and Australia
Authors: Allen Kerry , Damery Sarah L , Sein Kim , Johnson David W , Davies Simon J , Lambie Mark , Holvoet Els , Combes Gill M 
Published: December 2020

Background: While numerous studies have explored the patient experience of dialysis or other end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatments, few have explored the process of transitioning between dialysis modalities. This study aimed to develop an in-depth understanding of patient and caregiver perceptions and experiences of the transition from peritoneal to haemodialysis (HD) and to identify ways in which transitions can be optimised. Methods: Fifty-four in-depth, semi-structured interviews were undertaken at six study sites across the West Midlands, UK ( n = 23), and Queensland, Australia ( n = 31). Thirty-nine participants were patients with ESKD; the remainder were family members. An inductive analytical approach was employed, with findings synthesised across sites to identify themes that transcended country differences. Results: Of the 39 patient transitions, only 4 patients reported a wholly negative transition experience. Three cross-cutting themes identified common transition experiences and areas perceived to make a difference to the treatment transition: resistance to change and fear of HD; transition experience shared with family; and bodily adjustment and sense of self. Conclusion: Although each transition is unique to the individual and their circumstances, kidney care services could optimise the process by recognising these patient-led themes and developing strategies that engage with them. Kidney care services should consider ways to keep patients aware of potential future treatment options and present them objectively. There is potential value in integrating expert support before and during treatment transitions to identify and address patient and family concerns.
Comparison of Vasopressor Duration in Septic Shock Patients With and Without Cirrhosis
Authors: Durst Melissa M. , Eitzen Elizabeth A. , Benken Scott T. 
Published: December 2020

Background Patients with cirrhosis have immune dysfunction, altered inflammatory response, and hemodynamic changes which increase risk of septic shock and potentially prolong management with fluids, vasopressors, and other therapies. Due to limited available guidance, this study aimed to characterize vasopressor use in patients with cirrhosis in relation to patients without cirrhosis in septic shock. Methods This was a retrospective matched cohort analysis of 122 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) at an academic medical center from January 2015 to November 2017. Patients were grouped based on the presence or absence of cirrhosis and matched based on severity of illness scoring. The primary outcome was vasopressor duration. Secondary comparisons included total vasopressor requirement, length of hospital and ICU stay, in-hospital mortality, change in organ function, and discharge disposition. Results The group with cirrhosis had significantly longer median (interquartile range [IQR]) durations of vasopressor therapy compared with the group without cirrhosis (86.0 [42.0-164.5] vs 39.0 [14.5-82.0] hours; P = 0.003) leading to increased median (IQR) vasopressor exposure (71.7 [15.5-239.5] vs 24.7 [5.3-77.9] mg norepinephrine [NE] equivalents; P = 0.003). No difference was found in in-hospital mortality between groups. However, regression analysis showed vasopressor exposure was associated with in-hospital mortality. Conclusion and Relevance Patients with cirrhosis in septic shock have increased vasopressor durations and overall requirements compared with patients without cirrhosis. Increased durations and requirements is associated with poorer outcomes independent of presence of cirrhosis. Future studies are needed to improve vasopressor treatment strategies and end points utilized in cirrhosis.
Maternal diabetes and risk of multiple sclerosis in the offspring: A Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Nielsen Nete Munk , Gørtz Sanne , Hjalgrim Henrik , Rostgaard Klaus , Munger Kassandra L , Ascherio Alberto , Magyari Melinda , Stenager Egon , Frisch Morten 
Published: December 2020

Background: Previous studies suggest a 3- to-10-fold increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in offspring of mothers with diabetes mellitus (DM). Objectives: To examine MS risk in offspring of diabetic mothers, overall and according to type of maternal DM, that is, pregestational DM or gestational DM, as well as to examine MS risk among offspring of diabetic fathers. Methods: The study cohort included all 1,633,436 singletons born in Denmark between 1978 and 2008. MS diagnoses were identified in the Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, and parental DM diagnoses in the National Patient Register. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of parental DM with MS risk in the offspring. Results: MS risk among individuals whose mothers had pregestational DM was 2.3-fold increased compared with that among individuals with nondiabetic mothers (HR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.35–3.75, n = 15). MS risk was statistically non-significant among offspring of mothers with gestational DM (HR = 1.03 (95% CI: 0.49–2.16), n = 7) and among offspring of diabetic fathers (HR = 1.40 (95% CI: 0.78–2.54), n = 11). Conclusion: Our nationwide cohort study utilizing high-quality register data in Denmark over several decades corroborates the view that offspring of diabetic mothers may be at an elevated risk of developing MS.
Autism screening and conditional cash transfers in Chile: Using the Quantitative Checklist (Q-CHAT) for early autism detection in a low resource setting
Authors: Roman-Urrestarazu Andres , Yáñez Carolina , López-Garí Claudia , Elgueta Constanza , Allison Carrie , Brayne Carol , Troncoso Mónica , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: December 2020

Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) can be an extended procedure since ASC tend to both vary greatly across individual symptoms and diagnostic pathways with serious challenges to opportune access and diagnosis in low resource settings. We adapted the Q-CHAT-25 for use in a routine health check-ups programme at Chilean primary health clinics by developing a 10-item version of this questionnaire recruiting n = 287 (F: 112/M: 175) participants (Controls: n = 125, F: 58/M: 67; Developmental Delay: n = 149, F: 53/M: 96; Autism Spectrum Conditions: n = 13, F: 1/M: 12). Our findings show that the Q-CHAT-10 can be successfully applied in health-check programmes. The results for the Q-CHAT-10 show high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α: 0.85) and good overall performance, significantly correlating (r = 0.79, p < 0.0001) with the Q-CHAT-25. The Q-CHAT-10 had a sensitivity of 92.86% and a specificity of 76.86% in the Developmental Delay sample. The positive predictive value was 48% with a positive likelihood ratio of 4.01 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.09 with a post-test probability of disease of 19%. This study provides evidence that the implementation of Autism Spectrum Condition screening programmes using the Q-CHAT-10 is a cost-effective measure that improves diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Conditions in those participating in conditional cash transfer programmes in low- and middle-income countries or low resource setting in high income countries. Lay abstract Getting a diagnosis of autism can take long, because autism is different across people, but also because it depends on the way it gets diagnosed. This is especially important in poorer countries or in the case of poor people living in wealthier countries that have significant groups of disadvantaged communities. We adapted a 10-item version of the Q-CHAT-25 questionnaire for use in routine health check-ups programme in Chile and recruited 287 participants under the age of three divided into three groups: Controls (125), Developmental Delay (149) and Autism Spectrum Condition (13). Our results show that a short questionnaire for autism screening can be successfully applied in a health-check programme in poor resource settings. Our results show that our questionnaire had good overall performance, not different to its longer version, the Q-CHAT-25. Our questionnaire was autism specific, with good sensitivity and reliability, and is suitable to be used in a screening setting. This study provides evidence that the implementation of Autism Spectrum Condition screening programmes using the Q-CHAT-10 provides value for money and improves diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Condition in those participating in routine health check-up programmes in developing countries or poor areas of wealthy countries.