bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XPS and Electron Microscopy Study of Oxide-Scale Evolution on Ignition Resistant Mg-3Ca Alloy at Low and High Heating Rates
Authors: Villegas-Armenta L. A. , Drew R. A. L. , Pekguleryuz M. O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarlier work by the authors suggested that the formation of molten eutectic regions in Mg-Ca binary alloys caused a discrepancy in ignition temperature when different heating rates are used. This effect was observed for alloys where Ca content is greater than 1 wt%. In this work, the effect of two heating rates (25 °C/min and 45 °C/min) on the ignition resistance of Mg-3Ca is evaluated in terms of oxide growth using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. It is found that the molten eutectic regions develop a thin oxide scale of ~100 nm rich in Ca at either heating rate. The results prove that under the high heating rate, solid intermetallics are oxidized forming CaO nodules at the metal/oxide interface that eventually contribute to the formation of a thick and non-protective oxide scale in the liquid state.
Evidence of Psychological Targeting but not Psychological Tailoring in Political Persuasion Around Brexit
Authors: Walker Christopher , O’Neill Stephen , de-Wit Lee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
There are numerous associations between psychological characteristics and political values, but it is unclear whether messages tailored to these psychological characteristics can influence political decisions. Two studies (N = 398, N = 395) tested whether psychological-based argument tailoring could influence participants’ decision-making. We constructed arguments based on the 2016 Brexit referendum; Remain supporters were presented with four arguments supporting the Leave campaign, tailored to reflect the participant’s strongest (/weakest) moral foundation (Loyalty or Fairness) or personality trait (Conscientiousness or Openness). We tested whether individuals scoring high on a trait would find the tailored arguments more persuasive than individuals scoring low on the same trait. We found clear evidence for targeting, particularly for Loyalty, but either no evidence or weak evidence, in the case of Conscientiousness, for tailoring. Overall, the results suggest that targeting political messages could be effective, but provide either no, or weak evidence that tailoring these messages influences political decision-making.
Spatiotemporal characterization of laser pulse amplification in double-pass active mirror geometry
Authors: Liu Tinghao , Liu Qiang , Sui Zhan , Gong Mali , Fu Xing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a spatiotemporal model of pulse amplification in the double-pass active mirror (AM) geometry. Three types of overlap condition are studied, and the spatiotemporal scaling under the four-pulse overlapping (4PO) condition is fully characterized for the first time, by mapping the temporal and spatial segments of beam to the instantaneous gain windows. Furthermore, the influence of spatiotemporal overlaps on the amplified energy, pulse distortion and intensity profile is unraveled for both AM and zigzag configurations. The model, verified by excellent agreement between the predicted and measured results, can be a powerful tool for designing and optimizing high energy multi-pass solid-state laser amplifiers with AM, zigzag and other geometries.
Homelessness and the ‘over-judicialisation’ of welfare
Authors: Laurie Emma 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMembers of the senior judiciary have expressed concern about the ‘over-judicialisation’ of welfare in the context of homelessness decision-making and adjudication. This paper examines how those fears have been manifested and makes a link with the concept of proportionate dispute resolution (PDR). It argues that the statutory scheme incorporates elements of PDR and judges should therefore refrain from introducing additional layers. The courts’ denial of the application of Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights to the homelessness context is disputed, and the paper makes the case for continuing rigorous judicial oversight of front-line decision-making, recommending that attention is focused on assessing procedural safeguards rather than disputing the ambit of Article 6.
Understanding opposition to human gene editing
Authors: Halstead Isaac , Lewis Gary J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent advances in gene editing technology promise much for medical advances and human well-being. However, in parallel domains, there have been objections to the use of such biotechnologies. Moreover, the psychological factors that govern the willingness to use gene editing technology have been underexplored to date. In this registered report, we sought to test whether pathogen disgust sensitivity is linked with opposition to gene editing. U.K.-based adult participants (N= 347) were recruited to this study. Gene editing attitudes reflected two largely distinct latent factors concerning enhancing human traits and treating medical disorders. In contrast to prediction, pathogen disgust sensitivity was related to greater support for gene editing in both of these domains. This result suggests that gene editing, at least in the current study, is not viewed as pathogenic, or that the perceived benefits of gene editing outweigh any perceived pathogen risk.
Contrasting Recent Trends in Southern Hemisphere Westerlies Across Different Ocean Basins
Authors: Waugh Darryn W. , Banerjee Antara , Fyfe John C. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany studies have documented the trends in the latitudinal position and strength of the midlatitude westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere. However, very little attention has been paid to the longitudinal variations of these trends. Here, we specifically focus on the zonal asymmetries in the southern hemisphere wind trends between 1980 and 2018. Meteorological reanalyses show a large strengthening and a statistically insignificant equatorward shift of peak near‐surface winds over the Pacific, in contrast to a weaker strengthening and significant poleward shift over the Atlantic and Indian Ocean sectors. The reanalysis trends fall within the ensemble spread for historical climate model simulations, showing that climate models are able to capture the observed trends. Climate model simulations indicate that the differential movement of the peak westerlies is a manifestation of internal variability and is not a forced response. Implications of these asymmetries for other components of the climate system are discussed.
Nano‐Magnetite Aggregates in Red Soil on Low Magnetic Bedrock, Their Changes During Source‐Sink Transfer, and Implications for Paleoclimate Studies
Authors: Zhang Qi , Appel Erwin , Hu Shouyun , Pennington Robert S. , Meyer Jannik , Neumann Udo , Burchard Michael , Allstädt Frederik , Wang Longsheng , Koutsodendris Andreas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSoil and lake sediments are important paleoclimate archives often forming a source‐sink setting. To better understand magnetic properties in such settings, we studied red soil on low‐magnetic bedrock and subrecent sediments of Caohai Lake (CL) in Heqing Basin, China. Red soil is the only important source material for the CL sediments, it is highly magnetic with susceptibilities (χ) of ~10−5 m3/kg. The red soil is dominated by pedogenic nano‐magnetite (~10–15 nm) arranged in aggregates of ~100 nm, with particle interaction that causes a wide effective grain size distribution in the superparamagnetic (SP) range tailing into stable single‐domain behavior. Transmission electron microscopy and broadband frequency χ(f) suggest partial disintegration of the aggregates and increased alteration of the nanoparticles to hematite during transfer of red soil material to CL. This shifts the domain state behavior to smaller effective magnetic grain sizes, resulting in lower χfd% and χ values, and a characteristic change of χ(f). The SP‐stable single‐domain distribution of the aggregates in red soil could be climate dependent, and the ratio of saturation remanence to χ is a potential bedrock‐specific paleoclimate proxy reflecting it. Magnetic properties of the CL sediments are controlled by an assemblage of nanoparticle aggregates and larger‐sized bedrock‐derived magnetite. The results challenge the validity of the previous paleoclimate interpretation from the 168‐m‐long Core‐HQ (900–30 ka) in Heqing Basin. Disintegration of aggregates could lead to SP behavior with low χfd% without extinction of individual magnetite nanoparticles, and the χfd%‐based assumption of SP magnetite dissolution may be wrong.
Characterizations and Potential Formation Pathways of Atmospheric Inorganic Ions at a National Background Site in the Northeastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau During Autumn Season
Authors: Han Bin , Yang Wen , Wang Jing , Zhao Xueyan , Yin Baohui , Wang Xinhua , Geng Chunmei , Dou Xiaoyan , Xu Xun , Bai Zhipeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter (PM) imposes uncertain impacts on both radiative forcing and human health. Ambient PM has been comprehensively studied in China's megacities, while its compositions, sources, and characterizations in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) are not fully understood. An autumn observation campaign was conducted during 1–14 October 2013 at a national background monitoring station (3,295 m above sea level, a.s.l.) in the QTP. Real time concentrations of inorganic water‐soluble ions (WSIs) associated with PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm) were measured in addition to PM2.5 concentrations, gaseous pollutants, and meteorological parameters. SO42− was the most abundant WSI (10.0 μg/m3) followed by NH4+ (2.0 μg/m3), and NO3− (1.7 μg/m3). Observed WSI concentrations were higher as compared to other QTP monitoring sites and some remote sites. The levels of SO42− were comparable to concentrations of some urban sites. The correlation analysis disclosed the relationship among WSIs and other gaseous pollutants and discussed the possibilities of biomass burning as the potential sources. Extended aerosol inorganic model (E‐AIM) model results revealed that particulate sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium (SNA) existed in both liquid and solid phases. High sulfate and nitrate oxidation ratios indicated strong secondary formation of both SO42− and NO3−. By analyzing the relationship among SOR/NOR, RH, and O3, we found that both photochemical and heterogeneous reactions contributed to the formation of SO42−, while the conversion of NO2 to NO3− was likely to occur via photochemical reactions in the presence of high O3 concentrations and strong sunlight.
A Novelty Massive MIMO Channel Model Based on the Birth‐and‐Death Process of Spatial Multipath Cluster
Authors: Lu Yanping , Zhang Yongjun , Fu Liqin , Qiu Jiahui , Liu Kai , Li Qichang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper a novelty Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel model based on the birth‐and‐death process of multipath clusters is proposed. First, Massive MIMO measurements are conducted in typical outdoSor scenarios with the bandwidth of 100 MHz at frequencies of 1.4725 and 6 GHz, respectively, following with the investigation of radio propagation characteristics over antenna array. Then we research on the subchannel correlation and nonstationary based on the channel sounding experiments. Furthermore, we build up a Markov chain to characterize the birth‐and‐death process of the multipath clusters over the array, which is helpful to bring deeply insight into the cluster evolution over the antenna array axis. And the analysis results are consistent with the theory of the cluster's visible region. At last, the paper systematically demonstrates how does the spatial correlation influence the capacity of the communication system. The whole research work aims to contribute the radio channel modeling of the fifth‐generation (5G) Massive MIMO communication system.
Radiometric Measurements of Atmospheric Attenuation Over a Tropical Location
Authors: De Arijit , Maitra Animesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe information of atmospheric attenuation at Ka‐band is important during rain and clear air condition. In this paper, Ka‐band attenuation data obtained from radiometric measurements at Kolkata, India (22°034′E, 88°022′N) have been presented. The role of water vapor is examined in determining the behavior of atmospheric attenuation during and without rain condition at 22.24, 26.24, and 31.4 GHz frequencies. It has been observed that at lower rain rate (<5 mm/hr), attenuation at 22.24 GHz is the highest among three frequencies due to water vapor absorption at this frequency. Millimeter Wave Propagation (MPM) model has been used to observe the contribution of rain and water vapor in determining atmospheric attenuation for different rain rates. It has been noted that at 22.24 GHz, water vapor attenuation is comparable to the rain attenuation up to 5 mm/hr. The measured attenuation from radiometer has been compared with ITU‐R model‐generated data and both the attenuation data match reasonably well up to rain rate 20 mm/hr. The attenuation obtained from radiometric measurements shows saturation with increasing rain rate due to the darkening effect. The ITU‐R frequency scaling model has been used to compare the measured and calculated attenuation at 31.4 GHz. This study gives some useful information about the radiometric measurements of atmospheric attenuation at a tropical location that shows that not only rain rate but also water vapor is an important cause of attenuation at Ka‐band.
An unanticipated tumor-suppressive role of the SUMO pathway in the intestine unveiled by Ubc9 haploinsufficiency
Authors: López Ignacio , Chalatsi Eleftheria , Ellenbroek Saskia I. J. , Andrieux Alexandra , Roux Pierre-François , Cerapio Juan P. , Jouvion Grégory , van Rheenen Jacco , Seeler Jacob-S. , Dejean Anne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSumoylation is an essential posttranslational modification in eukaryotes that has emerged as an important pathway in oncogenic processes. Most human cancers display hyperactivated sumoylation and many cancer cells are remarkably sensitive to its inhibition, thus supporting application of chemical sumoylation inhibitors in cancer treatment. Here we show, first, that transformed embryonic fibroblasts derived from mice haploinsufficient for Ubc9, the essential and unique gene encoding the SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme, exhibit enhanced proliferation and transformed phenotypes in vitro and as xenografts ex vivo. To then evaluate the possible impact of loss of one Ubc9 allele in vivo, we used a mouse model of intestinal tumorigenesis. We crossed Ubc9+/− mice with mice harboring a conditional ablation of Apc either all along the crypt–villus axis or only in Lgr5+ crypt-based columnar (CBC) cells, the cell compartment that includes the intestinal stem cells proposed as cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer. While Ubc9+/− mice display no overt phenotypes and no globally visible hyposumoylation in cells of the small intestine, we found, strikingly, that, upon loss of Apc in both models, Ubc9+/− mice develop more (>2-fold) intestinal adenomas and show significantly shortened survival. This is accompanied by reduced global sumoylation levels in the polyps, indicating that Ubc9 levels become critical upon oncogenic stress. Moreover, we found that, in normal conditions, Ubc9+/− mice show a moderate but robust (15%) increase in the number of Lgr5+ CBC cells when compared to their wild-type littermates, and further, that these cells display higher degree of stemness and cancer-related and inflammatory gene expression signatures that, altogether, may contribute to enhanced intestinal tumorigenesis. The phenotypes of Ubc9 haploinsufficiency discovered here indicate an unanticipated tumor-suppressive role of sumoylation, one that may have important implications for optimal use of sumoylation inhibitors in the clinic.
Integration of absolute multi-omics reveals dynamic protein-to-RNA ratios and metabolic interplay within mixed-domain microbiomes
Authors: Delogu F. , Kunath B. J. , Evans P. N. , Arntzen M. Ø. , Hvidsten T. R. , Pope P. B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile the field of microbiology has adapted to the study of complex microbiomes via modern meta-omics techniques, we have not updated our basic knowledge regarding the quantitative levels of DNA, RNA and protein molecules within a microbial cell, which ultimately control cellular function. Here we report the temporal measurements of absolute RNA and protein levels per gene within a mixed bacterial-archaeal consortium. Our analysis of this data reveals an absolute protein-to-RNA ratio of 102–104 for bacterial populations and 103–105 for an archaeon, which is more comparable to Eukaryotic representatives’ humans and yeast. Furthermore, we use the linearity between the metaproteome and metatranscriptome over time to identify core functional guilds, hence using a fundamental biological feature (i.e., RNA/protein levels) to highlight phenotypical complementarity. Our findings show that upgrading multi-omic toolkits with traditional absolute measurements unlocks the scaling of core biological questions to dynamic and complex microbiomes, creating a deeper insight into inter-organismal relationships that drive the greater community function.
SPT6-driven error-free DNA repair safeguards genomic stability of glioblastoma cancer stem-like cells
Authors: Obara Elisabeth Anne Adanma , Aguilar-Morante Diana , Rasmussen Rikke Darling , Frias Alex , Vitting-Serup Kristoffer , Lim Yi Chieh , Elbæk Kirstine Juul , Pedersen Henriette , Vardouli Lina , Jensen Kamilla Ellermann , Skjoth-Rasmussen Jane , Brennum Jannick , Tuckova Lucie , Strauss Robert , Dinant Christoffel , Bartek Jiri , Hamerlik Petra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma cancer-stem like cells (GSCs) display marked resistance to ionizing radiation (IR), a standard of care for glioblastoma patients. Mechanisms underpinning radio-resistance of GSCs remain largely unknown. Chromatin state and the accessibility of DNA lesions to DNA repair machineries are crucial for the maintenance of genomic stability. Understanding the functional impact of chromatin remodeling on DNA repair in GSCs may lay the foundation for advancing the efficacy of radio-sensitizing therapies. Here, we present the results of a high-content siRNA microscopy screen, revealing the transcriptional elongation factor SPT6 to be critical for the genomic stability and self-renewal of GSCs. Mechanistically, SPT6 transcriptionally up-regulates BRCA1 and thereby drives an error-free DNA repair in GSCs. SPT6 loss impairs the self-renewal, genomic stability and tumor initiating capacity of GSCs. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into how SPT6 regulates DNA repair and identify SPT6 as a putative therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
Graphene transistors for real-time monitoring molecular self-assembly dynamics
Authors: Gobbi Marco , Galanti Agostino , Stoeckel Marc-Antoine , Zyska Bjorn , Bonacchi Sara , Hecht Stefan , Samorì Paolo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMastering the dynamics of molecular assembly on surfaces enables the engineering of predictable structural motifs to bestow programmable properties upon target substrates. Yet, monitoring self-assembly in real time on technologically relevant interfaces between a substrate and a solution is challenging, due to experimental complexity of disentangling interfacial from bulk phenomena. Here, we show that graphene devices can be used as highly sensitive detectors to read out the dynamics of molecular self-assembly at the solid/liquid interface in-situ. Irradiation of a photochromic molecule is used to trigger the formation of a metastable self-assembled adlayer on graphene and the dynamics of this process are monitored by tracking the current in the device over time. In perspective, the electrical readout in graphene devices is a diagnostic and highly sensitive means to resolve molecular ensemble dynamics occurring down to the nanosecond time scale, thereby providing a practical and powerful tool to investigate molecular self-organization in 2D.
Three-dimensional strain dynamics govern the hysteresis in heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Passos Aline R. , Rochet Amélie , Manente Luiza M. , Suzana Ana F. , Harder Ross , Cha Wonsuk , Meneau Florian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding catalysts strain dynamic behaviours is crucial for the development of cost-effective, efficient, stable and long-lasting catalysts. Here, we reveal in situ three-dimensional strain evolution of single gold nanocrystals during a catalytic CO oxidation reaction under operando conditions with coherent X-ray diffractive imaging. We report direct observation of anisotropic strain dynamics at the nanoscale, where identically crystallographically-oriented facets are qualitatively differently affected by strain leading to preferential active sites formation. Interestingly, the single nanoparticle elastic energy landscape, which we map with attojoule precision, depends on heating versus cooling cycles. The hysteresis observed at the single particle level is following the normal/inverse hysteresis loops of the catalytic performances. This approach opens a powerful avenue for studying, at the single particle level, catalytic nanomaterials and deactivation processes under operando conditions that will enable profound insights into nanoscale catalytic mechanisms.
Ultrasound neuromodulation depends on pulse repetition frequency and can modulate inhibitory effects of TTX
Authors: Manuel Thomas J. , Kusunose Jiro , Zhan Xiaoyan , Lv Xiaohui , Kang Ellison , Yang Aaron , Xiang Zixiu , Caskey Charles F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUltrasound is gaining traction as a neuromodulation method due to its ability to remotely and non-invasively modulate neuronal activity with millimeter precision. However, there is little consensus about optimal ultrasound parameters required to elicit neuromodulation and how specific parameters drive mechanisms that underlie ultrasound neuromodulation. We address these questions in this work by performing a study to determine effective ultrasound parameters in a transgenic mouse brain slice model that enables calcium imaging as a quantitative readout of neuronal activity for ultrasound neuromodulation. We report that (1) calcium signaling increases with the application of ultrasound; (2) the neuronal response rate to ultrasound is dependent on pulse repetition frequency (PRF); and (3) ultrasound can reversibly alter the inhibitory effects of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in pharmacological studies. This study offers mechanistic insight into the PRF dependence of ultrasound neuromodulation and the nature of ultrasound/ion channel interaction.
Insights Into Conducting Audiological Research With Clinical Databases
Authors: Dillard Lauren K. , Saunders Gabrielle H. , Zobay Oliver , Naylor Graham 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The clinical data stored in electronic health records (EHRs) provide unique opportunities for audiological clinical research. In this article, we share insights from our experience of working with a large clinical database of over 730,000 cases.

Method
Under a framework outlining the process from patient care to researcher data use, we describe issues that can arise in each step of this process and how we overcame specific issues in our data set.

Results
Correct interpretation of findings depends on an understanding of the data source and structure, and efforts to establish confidence in the data through the processes are discussed under the framework.

Conclusion
We conclude that EHRs have considerable utility in audiological research, though researchers must exhibit caution and consideration when working with EHRs.