bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 on exercise-induced disruption of gastrointestinal integrity
Authors: Mooren F. C. , Maleki B. H. , Pilat C. , Ringseis R. , Eder K. , Teschler M. , Krüger K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the exercise-induced disruption of gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and the associated release of damage and inflammatory markers.

Methods
After a pre-performance test, 19 untrained subjects (aged 18–35 years) passed two identical exhaustive treadmill exercise tests in an intensity corresponding to 60–80% VO2max in a test–retest design. The exercise tests were separated by a time period of 4 weeks. During this period, all subjects ingested 5 ml of an EcN suspension daily. Serum samples were taken before, immediately following and 3 h after both exercise tests. They were analyzed for indicators of GI integrity (zonulin; claudin-3; LPS), various damage and redox markers (I-FABP, GOT; GPT; TBARS) and inflammatory parameters (hsCRP; leucocytes). GI complaints were evaluated by a questionnaire.

Results
The intake of EcN resulted in a significantly lower increase in I-FABP and TBARS after exercise (p < 0.05). In contrast, no effect of EcN supplementation was found for hsCRP and leucocyte numbers. Similarly, no differences were found for levels of zonulin and claudin-3. Exercise-associated GI complaints were not affected by the probiotic supplement.

Conclusion
The probiotic EcN reduced the exercise-associated increase in oxidative stress. This antioxidative mechanism probably leads to a reduction of GI epithelial damage after exhaustive exercise. The lack of EcN effects on other markers of GI permeability and systemic inflammation is most likely due to an inadequate exercise load, with rather small and insignificant exercise effects on these parameters.
Glucose transporters in pancreatic islets
Authors: Berger Constantin , Zdzieblo Daniela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fine-tuning of glucose uptake mechanisms is rendered by various glucose transporters with distinct transport characteristics. In the pancreatic islet, facilitative diffusion glucose transporters (GLUTs), and sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) contribute to glucose uptake and represent important components in the glucose-stimulated hormone release from endocrine cells, therefore playing a crucial role in blood glucose homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about cell type-specific expression profiles as well as proven and putative functions of distinct GLUT and SGLT family members in the human and rodent pancreatic islet and further discusses their possible involvement in onset and progression of diabetes mellitus. In context of GLUTs, we focus on GLUT2, characterizing the main glucose transporter in insulin-secreting β-cells in rodents. In addition, we discuss recent data proposing that other GLUT family members, namely GLUT1 and GLUT3, render this task in humans. Finally, we summarize latest information about SGLT1 and SGLT2 as representatives of the SGLT family that have been reported to be expressed predominantly in the α-cell population with a suggested functional role in the regulation of glucagon release.
An improved Jaya algorithm with a modified swap operator for solving team formation problem
Authors: El-Ashmawi Walaa H. , Ali Ahmed F. , Slowik Adam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractForming a team of experts that can match the requirements of a collaborative task is an important aspect, especially in project development. In this paper, we propose an improved Jaya optimization algorithm for minimizing the communication cost among team experts to solve team formation problem. The proposed algorithm is called an improved Jaya algorithm with a modified swap operator (IJMSO). We invoke a single-point crossover in the Jaya algorithm to accelerate the search, and we apply a new swap operator within Jaya algorithm to verify the consistency of the capabilities and the required skills to carry out the task. We investigate the IJMSO algorithm by implementing it on two real-life datasets (i.e., digital bibliographic library project and StackExchange) to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of proposed algorithm against other meta-heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, African buffalo optimization algorithm and standard Jaya algorithm. Experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm achieves significant improvement in finding effective teams with minimum communication costs among team members for achieving the goal.
Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modellierung im urbanen Raum
Authors: Krebs Gerald 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungHydrologische Simulationen sind ein adäquates Mittel, um wasserwirtschaftliche Maßnahmen im urbanen Raum zu planen und deren Wirkungsweise zu evaluieren. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Erstellung eines Niederschlags-Abfluss-Modells für den urbanen Raum durch die Verwendung von Open-Source-Software. Das Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) dient als Simulationssoftware, die Modellerstellung erfolgt mit Open-Source-GIS-Software und die Kalibrierung und Nachbereitung läuft über Pakete in R und Python. Abschließend wird der gesamte Modellaufbau an einem Anwendungsbeispiel erläutert.
Calycomorphotria hydatis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel species in the family Planctomycetaceae with conspicuous subcellular structures
Authors: Schubert Torsten , Kallscheuer Nicolai , Wiegand Sandra , Boedeker Christian , Peeters Stijn H. , Jogler Mareike , Heuer Anja , Jetten Mike S. M. , Rohde Manfred , Jogler Christian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel strain belonging to the family Planctomycetaceae, designated V22T, was isolated from sediment of a seawater fish tank in Braunschweig, Germany. The isolate forms pink colonies on solid medium and displays common characteristics of planctomycetal strains, such as division by budding, formation of rosettes, a condensed nucleoid and presence of crateriform structures and fimbriae. Unusual invaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane and filamentous putative cytoskeletal elements were observed in thin sections analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Strain V22T is an aerobic heterotroph showing optimal growth at 30 °C and pH 8.5. During laboratory cultivations, strain V22T reached generation times of 10 h (maximal growth rate of 0.069 h−1). Its genome has a size of 5.2 Mb and a G + C content of 54.9%. Phylogenetically, the strain represents a novel genus and species in the family Planctomycetaceae, order Planctomycetales, class Planctomycetia. We propose the name Calycomorphotria hydatis gen. nov., sp. nov. for the novel taxon, represented by the type strain V22T (DSM 29767T = LMG 29080T).
Tautonia plasticadhaerens sp. nov., a novel species in the family Isosphaeraceae isolated from an alga in a hydrothermal area of the Eolian Archipelago
Authors: Jogler Christian , Wiegand Sandra , Boedeker Christian , Heuer Anja , Peeters Stijn H. , Jogler Mareike , Jetten Mike S. M. , Rohde Manfred , Kallscheuer Nicolai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel planctomycetal strain, designated ElPT, was isolated from an alga in the shallow hydrothermal vent system close to Panarea Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Cells of strain ElPT are spherical, form pink colonies and display typical planctomycetal characteristics including division by budding and presence of crateriform structures. Strain ElPT has a mesophilic (optimum at 30 °C) and neutrophilic (optimum at pH 7.5) growth profile, is aerobic and heterotrophic. It reaches a generation time of 29 h (µmax = 0.024 h−1). The strain has a genome size of 9.40 Mb with a G + C content of 71.1% and harbours five plasmids, the highest number observed in the phylum Planctomycetes thus far. Phylogenetically, the strain represents a novel species of the recently described genus Tautonia in the family Isosphaeraceae. A characteristic feature of the strain is its tendency to attach strongly to a range of plastic surfaces. We thus propose the name Tautonia plasticadhaerens sp. nov. for the novel species, represented by the type strain ElPT (DSM 101012T = LMG 29141T).
Influence of Fuel Staging on Thermo-Acoustic Oscillations in a Premixed Stratified Dual-Swirl Gas Turbine Model Combustor
Authors: Arndt C. M. , Dem C. , Meier W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn several technical combustion systems for lean, premixed combustion, mixture stratification plays an important role, such as in stationary and aero gas turbines. The current paper focuses on a detailed characterization of a dual-swirl gas turbine model combustor operated in a stratified regime. The influence of mixture stratification on flame stabilization and self-induced thermo-acoustic oscillations was studied using laser and optical diagnostics in combination with microphone probes to measure pressure oscillations in the plenums and combustion chamber. The overall flame-shape was imaged using OH* chemiluminescence. Laser Raman scattering was applied to study the thermo-chemical state of the flame, the flow-field was measured using Particle Image Velocimetry and pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber and in the air plenums were determined by using calibrated microphone probes. OH planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to determine fluctuations of the hot gas with high spatial resolution. Significant mixture stratification within the combustion chamber was found to only occur at or upstream of the flame root. Varying the stratification level did not significantly influence the mean flame shape and flow field, however, a clear influence on thermo-acoustic oscillations was observed.
Divergent Trajectories of BMI over Age for Adult Baka Pygmy People and their Sympatric Non-Pygmy Populations
Authors: Funk Stephan M. , Guerra Belén Palomo , de Mena Martínez Natalia , Ickowitz Amy , Fa Julia E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDifferences in socioeconomic conditions and health have been reported for African Pygmies and their sympatric populations of other ethnic groups. We collected anthropometric data in southern Cameroon from Baka and their Bantu neighbours, and also extracted data from the five available and representative Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in sub-Saharan African countries that have Pygmy populations..Our results show that the Baka exhibited a weak but significant decline of body mass index (BMI) with age (p = 0.003) without a sex difference. At a larger geographical scale, all five DHS surveys revealed flat or negative slopes for Pygmy BMI with age. Except for one non-Pygmy ethnic group, the slope was less than for all DHS- surveyed non-Pygmy African ethnicities. Pygmy populations were the least wealthy in all surveys, but no pattern for anaemia levels versus BMI emerged. We argue that the declining or stagnant trajectory of Pygmy BMI over age is most concerning, since this sets them apart not only from all other ethnic groups in the region, but from the general trend of increasing body weight over age. We suggest that our results do not reflect the influence of ethnicity per se, but the fact Pygmy populations are socially and materially deprived groups. These findings are fully aligned with the extraordinary high premature death rate among the Baka and need to be addressed for sustainable development initiatives to be effectively implemented.
Contemporary Pastoralism in the Dhofar Mountains of Oman
Authors: Ball Lawrence , MacMillan Douglas , Tzanopoulos Joseph , Spalton Andrew , Al Hikmani Hadi , Moritz Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the Dhofar Mountains of Oman stakeholders are concerned about the social and ecological sustainability of pastoralism. In this study we used interviews with pastoralists to examine the prevailing drivers of pastoralism and how they are changing. We find that people are committed to pastoralism for sociocultural reasons but also that this commitment is under pressure because of husbandry costs and changing values. We find that capital investment in feedstuff enables pastoralists to overcome the density-dependent regulation of livestock populations. However, high production costs deter investment in marketing and commercialization, and there is little off take of local livestock. Our study reveals how pastoral values, passed down within households, motivate pastoralists in the face of high husbandry costs, modernization and social change.
The Twentieth Century Invention of Ancient Mountains: The Archaeology of Highland Aspromonte
Authors: Robb John , Chesson Meredith S. , Forbes Hamish , Foxhall Lin , Foxhall-Forbes Helen , Lazrus Paula Kay , Michelaki Kostalena , Chiodo Alfonso Picone , Yoon David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high mountains of the Mediterranean are often considered as refuges of ancient traditions, particularly of pastoralism and brigandage. Is this image true? This paper reports the first systematic archaeological research on Aspromonte, Southern Calabria. Archaeological, cartographic and air photo evidence suggests that people used the high mountains in all periods from the Neolithic onwards. However, early usage was low-intensity and probably for special purposes such as iron-smelting, charcoal-burning and logging; only in the Classical Greek period was there sustained effort at inhabiting higher areas. The real development of the mountains came in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From the 1920s onwards, there were large-scale, state-fostered projects for economic exploitation of forests, political control of territory, and creation of a recreational landscape. These endeavors tied into modernist ideas of the state, as well as period concepts such as Alpinism and healthy outdoor recreation for city dwellers. Ironically, as soon as these modern efforts made the high mountains accessible, they were assigned a chronotope, and were reimagined as the exemplification of an ancient way of life.
Syntax and processing in Seediq: a behavioral study
Authors: Ono Hajime , Kim Jungho , Sato Manami , Tang Apay Ai-yu , Koizumi Masatoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSyntactic properties such as word orders are a major factor determining the difficulty of a sentence. In SO-type languages where the subject (S) precedes the object (O) in canonical word order, there is clear evidence that the SO word order is preferred over the OS word order. We investigate to what extent this SO bias is maintained even in typologically diverse languages like Truku, an Austronesian language, in which the Verb-Object-Subject (VOS) word order is canonical and a syntactically basic structure, and SVO is the derived word order and a syntactically more complex structure. It is important to investigate word order preferences in Truku because such inquiries allow us to determine to what extent these widely observed processing preferences are grounded in properties of the linguistic system and/or somewhat more general human cognitive properties. The syntactic complexity account predicts that, in Truku, the derived SVO word order should be more costly, while the saliency account predicts that the word orders in which an agent precedes a theme is preferred. Our auditory comprehension experiment showed that the OS word order was preferred by native speakers of Truku. This indicates that the often-observed SO preference is not a universal feature of language. Furthermore, the lack of a clear indication of the agent-before-theme preference suggests a correlation between the voice property of a given language and the importance of the saliency factor.
Chaos in impact oscillators not in vain: Dynamics of new mass excited oscillator
Authors: Costa Dimitri , Vaziri Vahid , Kapitaniak Marcin , Kovacs Stephane , Pavlovskaia Ekaterina , Savi Marcelo A. , Wiercigroch Marian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work explores complex dynamics of a new mass excited impact oscillator reported in Wiercigroch et al. (Nonlinear Dyn 99:323–339, 2020) both experimentally and numerically in the context of development of chaos theory and its applications. The parameters of the rig were characterised and are presented in the paper. To improve quality of the recorded phase portraits, a new technique for processing of the experimental data allowing to reduce the influence of noise and to obtain clear orbits especially for higher periods is proposed. A comparison with the previous studies on the base excited impact oscillator confirms that the rig is much more accurate as well as it has capability to generate a wide range of excitation patterns. It is demonstrated that a precise control of the excitation is achieved by changing the coil current. It is also shown that the rig is able to capture co-existent attractors and multi-stability by reproducing various predicted numerical responses, which has not been possible before. The results obtained using a simple impact oscillator model are in a good agreement with the experimental results, which indicates that the rig can be used for further fundamental studies of impact phenomena including grazing. It can also serve as a tool to study nonlinear control including bifurcation control and control of co-existing orbits.
The Non-carbonaceous–Carbonaceous Meteorite Dichotomy
Authors: Kleine T. , Budde G. , Burkhardt C. , Kruijer T. S. , Worsham E. A. , Morbidelli A. , Nimmo F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe isotopic dichotomy between non-carbonaceous (NC) and carbonaceous (CC) meteorites indicates that meteorite parent bodies derive from two genetically distinct reservoirs, which presumably were located inside (NC) and outside (CC) the orbit of Jupiter and remained isolated from each other for the first few million years of the solar system. Here we review the discovery of the NC–CC dichotomy and its implications for understanding the early history of the solar system, including the formation of Jupiter, the dynamics of terrestrial planet formation, and the origin and nature of Earth’s building blocks. The isotopic difference between the NC and CC reservoirs is probably inherited from the solar system’s parental molecular cloud and has been maintained through the rapid formation of Jupiter that prevented significant exchange of material from inside (NC) and outside (CC) its orbit. The growth and/or migration of Jupiter resulted in inward scattering of CC bodies, which accounts for the co-occurrence of NC and CC bodies in the present-day asteroid belt and the delivery of presumably volatile-rich CC bodies to the growing terrestrial planets. Earth’s primitive mantle, at least for siderophile elements like Mo, has a mixed NC–CC composition, indicating that Earth accreted CC bodies during the final stages of its growth, perhaps through the Moon-forming giant impactor. The late-stage accretion of CC bodies to Earth is sufficient to account for the entire budget of Earth’s water and highly volatile species.
BrisSynBio Art-Science Dossier
Authors: Fannin Maria , Connor Katy , Roden David , Meacham Darian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFinding avenues for collaboration and engagement between the arts and the sciences (natural and social) was a central theme of investigation for the Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) and Public Engagement programme at BrisSynBio, a BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre that is now part of the Bristol BioDesign Institute at University of Bristol (UK). The reflections and experiments that appear in this dossier are a sample of these investigations and are contributed by Maria Fannin, Katy Connor and David Roden. Darian Meacham coordinated and introduces the dossier.
On the use of actigraphy in clinical evaluation of diurnal blood pressure profile
Authors: Gorokhova Svetlana , Fietze Ingo , Glos Martin , Penzel Thomas , Buniatyan Migran , Atkov Oleg 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA disturbed diurnal blood pressure profile is one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This review analyzes the use of simultaneous diurnal ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and motion activity monitoring (actigraphy) to obtain additional information for correct interpretation of ABPM results in clinically significant decision-making. The article considers practical aspects of actigraphy in expert ABPM for clock-independent calculation of the parameters of nighttime and daytime blood pressure (BP); detection of BP changes during sleep; connection with respiratory disturbances during sleep, motion activity, and body position; and sleep deprivation in shift workers. Original illustrations of simultaneous ABPM and actigraphy are provided.
A survey of neural networks usage for intrusion detection systems
Authors: Drewek-Ossowicka Anna , Pietrołaj Mariusz , Rumiński Jacek 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, advancements in the field of the artificial intelligence (AI) gained a huge momentum due to the worldwide appliance of this technology by the industry. One of the crucial areas of AI are neural networks (NN), which enable commercial utilization of functionalities previously not accessible by usage of computers. Intrusion detection system (IDS) presents one of the domains in which neural networks are widely tested for improving overall computer network security and data privacy. This article gives a thorough overview of recent literature regarding neural networks usage in intrusion detection system area, including surveys and new method proposals. Short tutorial descriptions of neural network architectures, intrusion detection system types and training datasets are also provided.
Nicotinamide as a Catalyst for Zn2+ Electroreduction in Acetate Buffer
Authors: Nieszporek Jolanta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the catalytic influence of nicotinamide on Zn2+ electroreduction. Changes in differential capacitance curves of the double layer Hg/acetate buffer pH = 6.0 as well as changes in zero charge potential values indicate nicotinamide adsorption with the aromatic ring on the electrode surface. This adsorption is responsible for its catalytic influence on the kinetics of Zn2+ ion electroreduction from the acetate buffer solution. The effect is stronger with increasing nicotinamide concentration. It is confirmed by the following factors: the increase in standard electrode rate constants, the reduction in the distance between anode and cathodic peaks on CV voltamperograms, and the decrease in activation resistance associated with the electrode reaction for nicotinamide solutions relative to those obtained in the case of reference solution. A very high catalytic capacity of vitamin B3 on Zn2+ ion electroreduction kinetics from pH = 6.0 acetate buffer can be explained by the formation of an active complex on the surface of the mercury electrode: Zn2+ nicotinamide, which can be described as a bridge facilitating electron exchange.