bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sediment Enrichment Ratio and Nutrient Leached by Runoff and Soil Erosion on Cacao Plantation
Authors: Haridjaja Oteng 
Published: August 2020

Soil consevation management system is an activity for diminishing sediment enrichment ratio and nutrient leacheds by water run off and soil erosion processes. The research was aimed to study sediment enrichment ratio and nutrient leached by run off and soil erosion on cacao plantations. Arachis pintoi with strips parallel contour and multiple strip cropping of upland rice or soybean (Glycine max) were planted to improve soil physical characterictic on cacao plantation as a main plant. The expriment were conducted with treatments as 10-15% and 40-45% slopes, 5-7 months and 25-27 months cacao ages (as main plants). As sub plots are T1 as a monoculture which to be cleaning under the plant canopy, T2 as a multiple strip cropping of upland rice or soybean, T3 as a combination of T2 and A. Pintoi strip. The results showed that total N, P2O5, and K2O and organic-C contents in water run off and soil sediments indicated that T3 >T2 >T1 treatment, with the contents of each nutrient: T3 (total N 0.18%; 24.87 mg 100 g-1 P2O5: K2O 15.16 mg 100 g-1), T1 (total N 0.16%, 22.39 mg 100g-1 P2O5, K2O 11.50 mg 100g-1). The total N, P2O5, K2O and organic-C soil contents < accumulation nutrient contents of total water run off and soil sediment transport. All of treathments have sediment enrichment ratios > 1.
Carbon Storage and Carbon Dioxide Emission as Influenced by Long-term Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Corn-Soybean Rotation
Authors: Utomo Muhajir , Buchari Henrie , Banuwa Irwan Sukri , Fernando Lanang Koko , Saleh Rahmat 
Published: August 2020

Although agriculture is a victim of environmental risk due to global warming, but ironically it also contributes to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of long-term conservation tillage and N fertilization on soil carbon storage and CO2 emission in corn-soybean rotation system. A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized completely block design with four replications. The first factor was tillage systems namely intensive tillage (IT), minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). While the second factor was N fertilization with rate of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn, and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean production. Samples of soil organic carbon (SOC) after 23 year of cropping were taken at depths of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm and 10-20 cm, while CO2 emission measurements were taken in corn season (2009) and soybean season (2010). Analysis of variance and means test (HSD 0.05) were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System package. At 0-5 cm depth, SOC under NT combined with 200 kg N ha-1 fertilization was 46.1% higher than that of NT with no N fertilization, while at depth of 5-10 cm SOC under MT was 26.2% higher than NT and 13.9% higher than IT. Throughout the corn and soybean seasons, CO2-C emissions from IT were higher than those of MT and NT, while CO2-C emissions from 200 kg N ha-1 rate were higher than those of 0 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1 rates. With any N rate treatments, MT and NT could reduce CO2-C emission to 65.2 %-67.6% and to 75.4%-87.6% as much of IT, respectively. While in soybean season, MT and NT could reduce CO2-C emission to 17.6%-46.7% and 42.0%-74.3% as much of IT, respectively. Prior to generative soybean growth, N fertilization with rate of 50 kg N ha-1 could reduce CO2-C emission to 32.2%-37.2% as much of 0 and 25 kg N ha-1 rates.
Uma análise discursiva do livro didático de Biologia na Educação para jovens e adultos
Authors: Dos Santos Josete Rocha , Da Silva Andréa Costa 
Published: August 2020

Pressupostos freireanos evidenciam como o conhecimento científico proposto pela escola deve ser associado ao saber do cotidiano. Assim, cidadania e letramento científico devem andar juntos e são ferramentas essenciais na busca por uma educação que contemple preceitos dos direitos humanos, presentes na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação. Transpor esse olhar para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos – EJA – é o desafio desse artigo, que analisa discursos presentes no livro didático de Biologia destinado aos alunos do Ensino Médio do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, na modalidade EJA. Com a Análise Crítica do Discurso verificamos que o significado identificacional está presente no livro didático, por meio dos pronomes pessoais “você” e “nós”. Os resultados mostram uma tentativa do enunciador de mostrar proximidade do aluno usando mais o pronome “nós” nos textos. Ainda há muito a fazer no percurso de considerar a experiência do aluno nos conteúdos expressos nos livros.
Cassia oleoresin Mediated Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay
Authors: Anjana G. , Roy Anitha , Rajeshkumar S. , Ezhilarasan D. 
Published: August 2020

Cassia oleoresin is an extract isolated from dried barks of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (family Lauracea). The plant has been reported to have anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-hypertriglyceridemic effect, mainly due to its phytochemical constituents such as phenolic and volatile compounds. Cinnamon also helps in arthritis, fibromyalgia and psoriasis. The aim of this study was to prepare magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Cassia oleoresin and to evaluate the cytotoxic effect on Brine shrimp. The magnesium oxide nanoparticle was prepared from magnesium chloride and Cassia oleoresin and was confirmed by UV- Visible Spectroscopy and morphology was confirmed by TEM. Brine shrimps lethality bioassay was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of Cassia oleoresin mediated magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Ten brine shrimp nauplii were placed in each well of the Eliza plate and filled with 5 µL ,10 µL ,15 µL ,20 µL ,25 µL of Cassia oleoresin mediated magnesium oxide nanoparticles After 24 hours of incubation, the wells were observed and the number of surviving brine shrimp nauplii were counted to assess the cytotoxicity. The UV -Visible spectroscopy showed a peak at 400 peak and TEM analysis showed a particle size of 70 nm. After 24 hours incubation of the brine shrimps in the nanoparticle solution, all 10 brine shrimps survived in 5µL and 10 µL concentrations. 3 brine shrimps nauplii survived in 15µL conc. 1 brine shrimp nauplii survived in 20µL and 25µL concentrations each. Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that at low concentrations the prepared nanoparticle was safe and may be used for biomedical application.
Immunometabolic function of the transcription cofactor VGLL3 provides an evolutionary rationale for sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity
Authors: Pagenkopf Adam , Liang Yun 
Published: August 2020

Sexual dimorphism is exhibited remarkably in the female predominance of autoimmune diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, female‐to‐male ratio 9 : 1). To understand the female bias in autoimmunity, we focused on vestigial‐like family member 3 (VGLL3), a molecule with increased expression in females and known to promote autoimmunity. We report that VGLL3 mediates the cellular stress response by upregulating p53 and IL‐17C. Energy stress allows VGLL3 to be induced by IFNα, which ultimately leads to p53‐dependent, lupus‐associated, inflammatory cell death. Our results suggest that female‐biased expression of VGLL3 helps cells adapt to metabolic stress, which, intriguingly, is known as a significant challenge during the evolution of placental mammals due to the need to feed a developing embryo. The findings also uncover the importance of maintaining metabolic homeostasis in the prevention of autoimmunity.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Biosensing for Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Min Jouha , Son Taehwang , Hong Jae‐Sang , Cheah Pike See , Wegemann Andreas , Murlidharan Koushik , Weissleder Ralph , Lee Hakho , Im Hyungsoon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs)—nanoscale phospholipid vesicles secreted by cells—present new opportunities for molecular diagnosis from non‐invasive liquid biopsies. Single EV protein analysis can be extremely valuable in studying EVs as circulating cancer biomarkers, but it is technically challenging due to weak detection signals associated with limited amounts of epitopes and small surface areas for antibody labeling. Here, a new, simple method that enables multiplexed analyses of EV markers with improved sensitivities is reported. Specifically, plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence detection is implemented that amplifies fluorescence signals using surface plasmon resonances excited by periodic gold nanohole structures. It is shown that fluorescence signals in multiple channels are amplified by one order of magnitude, and both transmembrane and intravesicular markers can be detected at the single EV level. This approach can offer additional insight into understanding subtypes, heterogeneity, and production dynamics of EVs during disease development and progression.
EWSAT1 Acts in Concert with Exosomes in Osteosarcoma Progression and Tumor‐Induced Angiogenesis: The “Double Stacking Effect”
Authors: Tao Shi‐Cong , Huang Ji‐Yan , Wei Zhan‐Ying , Li Zi‐Xiang , Guo Shang‐Chun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe prognosis for osteosarcoma (OS) continues to be unsatisfactory due to tumor recurrence as a result of metastasis and drug resistance. Several studies have shown that Ewing sarcoma associated transcript 1 (EWSAT1) plays an important role in the progression of OS. Exosomes (Exos) act as important carriers in intercellular communication and play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, especially in tumor‐induced angiogenesis. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism via which EWSAT1 and Exos regulate OS progression is unknown, and whether they can be effective therapeutic targets also requires verification. Hence, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of EWSAT1 and Exos. EWSAT1 significantly promotes proliferation, migration, colony formation, and survival of OS. EWSAT1 regulates OS‐induced angiogenesis via two mechanisms, called the “double stacking effect,” which is a combination of the increase in sensitivity/reactivity of vascular endothelial cells triggered by Exos‐carrying EWSAT1, and the EWSAT1‐induced increase in angiogenic factor secretion. In vivo experiments further validates the “double stacking effect” and shows that EWSAT1‐KD effectively inhibits tumor growth in OS. The above observations indicate that EWSAT1 can be used as not only a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker, but also as a precise therapeutic target for OS.
Recent Progress on Topological Structures in Ferroic Thin Films and Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Yuan Shuai , Hou Zhipeng , Tang Yunlong , Zhang Jinping , Wang Tao , Li Kang , Zhao Weiwei , Liu Xingjun , Chen Lang , Martin Lane W. , Chen Zuhuang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTopological spin/polarization structures in ferroic materials continue to draw great attention as a result of their fascinating physical behaviors and promising applications in the field of high‐density nonvolatile memories as well as future energy‐efficient nanoelectronic and spintronic devices. Such developments have been made, in part, based on recent advances in theoretical calculations, the synthesis of high‐quality thin films, and the characterization of their emergent phenomena and exotic phases. Herein, progress over the last decade in the study of topological structures in ferroic thin films and heterostructures is explored, including the observation of topological structures and control of their structures and emergent physical phenomena through epitaxial strain, layer thickness, electric, magnetic fields, etc. First, the evolution of topological spin structures (e.g., magnetic skyrmions) and associated functionalities (e.g., topological Hall effect) in magnetic thin films and heterostructures is discussed. Then, the exotic polar topologies (e.g., domain walls, closure domains, polar vortices, bubble domains, and polar skyrmions) and their emergent physical properties in ferroelectric oxide films and heterostructures are explored. Finally, a brief overview and prospectus of how the field may evolve in the coming years is provided.
A High‐Energy Aqueous Manganese–Metal Hydride Hybrid Battery
Authors: Yang Meng , Chen Ru , Shen Yinlin , Zhao Xiangyu , Shen Xiaodong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAqueous rechargeable batteries show great application prospects in large‐scale energy storage because of their reliable safety and low cost. However, a key challenge in developing this battery system lies in its low energy density. Herein, a high‐energy manganese–metal hydride (Mn–MH) hybrid battery is reported in which a Mn‐based cathode operated by the Mn2+/MnO2 deposition–dissolution reactions, a hydrogen‐storage alloy anode that absorbs and desorbs hydrogen in an alkaline solution, and a proton‐exchange membrane separator are employed. Given the benefit derived from the high solubility and high specific capacity of the Lewis acidic MnCl2 in the cathode and the low electrode potential of the MH anode, this aqueous Mn–MH hybrid battery exhibits impressive electrochemical properties with admirable discharge voltage plateaus up to 2.2 V, a competitive energy density of about 240 Wh kg−1 (based on the total mass of the 5.5 m MnCl2 solution and the hydrogen storage alloy electrode system), good cycling stability over 130 cycles, and a desirable rate capability. This work demonstrates a new strategy for achieving high‐performance and low‐cost aqueous rechargeable batteries.
Proximity‐Coupling‐Induced Significant Enhancement of Coercive Field and Curie Temperature in 2D van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Luman , Huang Xinyu , Dai Hongwei , Wang Mingshan , Cheng Hui , Tong Lei , Li Zheng , Han Xiaotao , Wang Xia , Ye Lei , Han Junbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMagnetism in 2D has long been the focus of condensed matter physics due to its important applications in spintronic devices. A particularly promising aspect of 2D magnetism is the ability to fabricate 2D heterostructures with engineered optical, electrical, and quantum properties. Recently, the discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetisms in atomic thick materials has provided a new platform for investigations of fundamental magnetic physics. In contrast to 2D CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6 insulators, itinerant ferromagnetic Fe3GeTe2 (FGT), which has a larger intrinsic perpendicular anisotropy, higher Curie temperature (TC), and relatively better stability, is a promising candidate for achieving permanent room‐temperature ferromagnetism through interface or component engineering. Here, it is shown that the ferromagnetic properties of FGT thin flakes can be modulated through coupling with a FePS3. The magneto‐optical Kerr effect results show that the TC of FGT is improved by more than 30 K and that the coercive field is increased by ≈100% due to the proximity coupling effect, which changes the spin textures of FGT at the interface. This work reveals that antiferromagnet/ferromagnet coupling is a promising way to engineer the magnetic properties of itinerant 2D ferromagnets, which paves the way for applications in advanced magnetic spintronic and memory devices.
Embedded Nickel‐Mesh Transparent Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Mechanically Stable Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics: Toward a Portable Mobile Energy Source
Authors: Li Meng , Zuo Wei‐Wei , Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Yang Ying‐Guo , Liu Yan‐Hua , Wang Qiong , Wang Kai‐Li , Li Gui‐Xiang , Saliba Michael , Di Girolamo Diego , Abate Antonio , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe rapid development of Internet of Things mobile terminals has accelerated the market's demand for portable mobile power supplies and flexible wearable devices. Here, an embedded metal‐mesh transparent conductive electrode (TCE) is prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using a novel selective electrodeposition process combined with inverted film‐processing methods. This embedded nickel (Ni)‐mesh flexible TCE shows excellent photoelectric performance (sheet resistance of ≈0.2–0.5 Ω sq−1 at high transmittance of ≈85–87%) and mechanical durability. The PET/Ni‐mesh/polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS PH1000) hybrid electrode is used as a transparent electrode for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which exhibit excellent electric properties and remarkable environmental and mechanical stability. A power conversion efficiency of 17.3% is obtained, which is the highest efficiency for a PSC based on flexible transparent metal electrodes to date. For perovskite crystals that require harsh growth conditions, their mechanical stability and environmental stability on flexible transparent embedded metal substrates are studied and improved. The resulting flexible device retains 76% of the original efficiency after 2000 bending cycles. The results of this work provide a step improvement in flexible PSCs.
A Quantitative Bacteria Monitoring and Killing Platform Based on Electron Transfer from Bacteria to a Semiconductor
Authors: Wang Guomin , Tang Kaiwei , Meng Zheyi , Liu Pei , Mo Shi , Mehrjou Babak , Wang Huaiyu , Liu Xuanyong , Wu Zhengwei , Chu Paul K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA platform with both bacteria killing and sensing capabilities is crucial for monitoring the entire bacteria‐related process on biomaterials and biomedical devices. Electron transfer (ET) between the bacteria and a Au‐loaded semiconductor (ZnO) is observed to be the primary factor for effective bacteria sensing and fast bacteria killing. The electrons produce a saturation current that varies linearly with the bacteria number, semi‐logarithmically, with R2 of 0.98825, thus providing an excellent tool to count bacteria quantitatively in real‐time. Furthermore, ET leads to continuous electron loss killing of about 80% of Escherichia coli in only 1 h without light. The modularity and extendability of this ET‐based platform are also demonstrated by the excellent results obtained from other semiconductor/substrate systems and the stability is confirmed by recycling tests. The underlying mechanism for the dual functions is not due to conventional attributed Zn2+ leaching or photocatalysis but instead electrical interactions upon direct contact. The results reveal the capability of real‐time detection of bacteria based on ET while providing information about the antibacterial behavior of ZnO‐based materials especially in the early stage. The concept can be readily incorporated into the design of smart and miniaturized devices that can sense and kill bacteria simultaneously.
The Formation of the Solid/Liquid Electrolyte Interphase (SLEI) on NASICON‐Type Glass Ceramics and LiPON
Authors: Busche Martin R. , Weiss Manuel , Leichtweiss Thomas , Fiedler Carsten , Drossel Thomas , Geiss Matthias , Kronenberger Achim , Weber Dominik A. , Janek Jürgen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost electrochemical energy storages (battery cells) consist of solid electrodes separated by a liquid electrolyte. If electrode materials are—at least partially—soluble in the electrolyte, detrimental mass transport between both electrodes (electrode cross‐talk) occurs. The shuttle mechanism in lithium–sulfur batteries and leaching of Mn in high voltage cathode materials are important examples. Implementing a solid electrolyte (SE) membrane between the electrodes is a comprehensible approach to suppress undesired mass transport but additional resistances arise due to charge transport across the SE and charge transfer through the solid/liquid electrolyte interfaces. The latter contribution is often overlooked as its determination is challenging; however, these interface properties are crucial for practical application. In previous work, a resistive solid/liquid electrolyte interphase “SLEI” has been found at the interface between the SE lithium aluminum germanium phosphate in contact with a liquid ether‐based electrolyte. Here, the aim is deeper insight into this interphase formation, referring to a lithium‐ion conducting glass ceramic (NASICON‐type) and the commonly used thin‐film ion conductor lithium phosphorous oxide nitride. The growth of the SLEI is monitored by a combination of electrochemical characterization, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.
Multi‐Interface‐Modulated CoS2@MoS2 Nanoarrays Derived by Predesigned Germanomolybdate Polymer Showing Ultrahighly Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Wide pH Range
Authors: Hou Yan , Pang Haijun , Xin Jianjiao , Ma Huiyuan , Li Bonan , Wang Xinming , Tan Lichao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of non‐noble metal materials for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in wide pH range is still a challenge at present. Herein, a predesigned polyoxometalate (POM)‐based metal–organic polymer {L3Co2 · 6H2O}[H3GeMo12O40] · 9H2O (L = 1,2,4‐triazole) is employed as bimetallic source together with thiourea converting to CoS2@MoS2 on carbon cloth (CC) (abbreviated to CoS2@MoS2@CC) for the first time. Impressively, the CoS2@MoS2 in the form of vertically interconnected nanoarrays with multiple interfaces are grown in situ on CC and act as electrodes directly for HER. The CoS2@MoS2@CC‐30h composite exhibits superb activity and long‐durability in both acidic and alkaline media. Low overpotential is achieved in 0.5 m H2SO4 (65 mV) and 1.0 m KOH (87 mV) for 10 mA cm−2 versus RHE, which overmatch major MoS2‐/POM‐based electrocatalysts. This work therefore may shed substantial lights on designing active and durable molybdenum‐based bi‐/polymetallic sulfide from variable POM‐based metal–organic polymers for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in wide pH range.
Surface Cleaning of 2D Materials: Boron Nitride Nanosheets (BNNS) and Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets (GNP)
Authors: Guerra Valentina , McNally Tony 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface impurities such as water and surfactants can significantly affect the properties of 2D materials. They disrupt the 2D material lattice structure and surface chemistry and also promote electron and phonon scattering. Strategies to clean the surfaces of 2D materials are therefore critical to achieving optimal properties. Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) are treated using three procedures: washing with ethanol, water‐assisted freeze‐drying, and freeze‐drying without addition of water in an attempt to remove two impurities—water and an ionic surfactant (sodium cholate, SC). There is total removal of water from BNNS when the starting material is treated using either freeze drying method whereas some water (≈40%) and traces of ethanol are detected in BNNS when washed with ethanol. It is not possible to exclude the presence of SC on BNNS and GNP post treatment; however, the relatively high amount of sodium (from SC) in the samples after freeze‐drying suggests the process contributed to the separation of BNNS and GNP aggregates. The BNNS flakes separate when washed with ethanol or freeze‐dried in the absence of water. The crystalline structure of BNNS and GNP is retained post treatments. This approach provides a route to cleaning and separating 2D materials.