bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can radiation‐induced lower urinary tract disease be ameliorated in patients treated for pelvic organ cancer: ICI‐RS 2019?
Authors: Bosch Ruud , McCloskey Karen , Bahl Amit , Arlandis Salvador , Ockrim Jeremy , Weiss Jeffrey , Greenwell Tamsin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis article reviews the clinical outcomes and basic science related to negative effects of radiotherapy (RT) on the lower urinary tract (LUT) when used to treat pelvic malignancies.MethodsThe topic was discussed at the 2019 meeting of the International Consultation on Incontinence―Research Society during a “think tank” session and is summarized in the present article.ResultsRT is associated with adverse effects on the LUT, which may occur during treatment or which can develop over decades posttreatment. Here, we summarize the incidence and extent of clinical symptoms associated with several modes of delivery of RT. RT impact on normal tissues including urethra, bladder, and ureters is discussed, and the underlying biology is examined. We discuss innovative in vivo methodologies to mimic RT in the laboratory and their potential use in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying radiation‐associated pathophysiology. Finally, emerging questions that need to be addressed through further research are proposed.ConclusionsWe conclude that RT‐induced negative effects on the LUT represent a significant clinical problem. Although this has been reduced with improved methods of delivery to spare normal tissue, we need to (a) discover better approaches to protect normal tissue and (b) develop effective treatments to reverse radiation damage.
Integrating production scheduling and transportation procurement through combinatorial auctions
Authors: Triki Chefi , Piya Sujan , Fu Liang‐Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study uses the winner determination problem (WDP) to integrate auction transportation procurement with decisions related to production scheduling. The basic problem arises when a manufacturer has to clear a combinatorial auction to decide whether to cover transportation needs by using the in‐house fleet or to procure transportation through auction. Thus, the manufacturer should include an additional decision level by integrating the WDP with production scheduling to gain efficiency and achieve savings in the logistics system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time production and transportation procurement problems are being solved simultaneously in an integrated manner. The study proposes a mathematical formulation and develops two heuristic approaches for solving the integrated problem. Extensive computational experiments and sensitivity analyses are reported to validate the model, assess the performance of the heuristics, and show the effect of integration on total cost.
A Petrov–Galerkin RBF method for diffusion equation on the unit sphere
Authors: Darani Mohammadreza Ahmadi , Mirzaei Davoud 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper concerns a numerical solution for the diffusion equation on the unit sphere. The given method is based on the spherical basis function approximation and the Petrov–Galerkin test discretization. The method is meshless because spherical triangulation is not required neither for approximation nor for numerical integration. This feature is achieved through the spherical basis function approximation and the use of local weak forms instead of a global variational formulation. The local Petrov–Galerkin formulation allows to compute the integrals on small independent spherical caps without any dependence on a connected background mesh. Experimental results show the accuracy and the efficiency of the new method.
Detection of HPV16 E6 DNA in periodontal pockets of middle‐aged and older people
Authors: Shigeishi Hideo , Murodumi Hiroshi , Ohta Kouji , Sugiyama Masaru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the association between oral human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA prevalence and periodontitis.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed 89 patients (mean age 71.9 years, range 48‐90 years) who visited the Department of Oral Health of Hiroshima University Hospital. Samples were collected by inserting sterilized paper points into each patient's deepest periodontal pocket to obtain gingival crevicular fluid. Real‐time PCR was performed using type‐specific primers to detect HPV16 DNA. PCR‐targeted bacterial 16S rRNA genes were used to detect periodontal disease‐related bacteria.ResultsOf the 89 participants, four women (4.5%) were HPV16 DNA‐positive. Three of the four HPV16 DNA‐positive participants (75.0%) exhibited bleeding after the paper point was inserted, indicating periodontal tissue inflammation. However, no significant association was found between bleeding and the HPV16 DNA‐positive rate. Importantly, HPV16 DNA positivity was significantly associated with Treponema denticola and Fusobacterium nucleatum (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsHuman papilloma virus localizes in periodontal pockets. Inflamed periodontal pockets may indicate oral HPV infection. Periodontitis‐related bacteria may be involved in HPV infection of the periodontal tissues.
The importance of ultrasound preceding cell‐free DNA screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities
Authors: Brown Imogen , Fernando Shavi , Menezes Melody , da Silva Costa Fabricio , Ramkrishna Jayshree , Meagher Simon , Rolnik Daniel L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine the incidence of ultrasound findings that may change clinical management on the day of blood‐sampling for cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) screening.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary provider of obstetric and gynecological ultrasound in Melbourne, Australia. Individual patient files were reviewed and results were collated for maternal characteristics, pre‐cfDNA ultrasound reports, results and test characteristics of both cfDNA and diagnostic testing, and genetic counselling notes. The primary outcome was a potential change in patient management due to findings detected on the pre‐cfDNA ultrasound.ResultsOf 6250 pre‐cfDNA ultrasounds, 6207 were included in analysis. Of these, 598 (9.6%) pregnancies had a finding on pre‐cfDNA ultrasound that had the potential to change management. The reasons for this potential change in management were detection of gestational age below 10 weeks (245, 3.9%), miscarriage (175, 2.8%), demised twin (43, 0.7%), fetal edema (115, 1.9%) and major structural abnormalities (20, 0.3%). These findings were more common in patients of advanced maternal age and in spontaneous conceptions.ConclusionsAn ultrasound prior to cfDNA screening has the potential to change clinical management in almost one in 10 women. The proportion is higher in older age groups and lower in IVF‐conceived pregnancies.
Target grafting of poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) to biodegradable block copolymers
Authors: Diaz Ivonne L. , Sierra Cesar A. , Jérôme Valérie , Freitag Ruth , Perez León D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of copolymers composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and a hydrophobic block of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone‐co‐propargyl carbonate) grafted with poly(2‐[dimethylamino]ethyl methacrylate) was synthesized by combining ring opening polymerization, azide‐alkyne click reaction, and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Well‐defined copolymers with a target composition and a tailored structure were achieved via the grafting from approach by using a single catalytic system for both click reaction and ATRP. Kinetic studies demonstrated the controlled/living character of the employed polymerization methods. The thermal properties and self‐assembly in aqueous medium of the graft copolymers were dependent on their composition. The resulting polymeric materials showed low cytotoxicity toward L929 cells, demonstrating their potential for biomedical applications. This type of materials containing cationic side chains tethered to biocompatible and biodegradable segments could be the basis for promising candidates as drug and gene delivery systems.
Highly stretchable, self‐adhesive, and self‐healable double network hydrogel based on alginate/polyacrylamide with tunable mechanical properties
Authors: Pourjavadi Ali , Tavakolizadeh Maryam , Hosseini Seyed Hassan , Rabiee Navid , Bagherzadeh Mojtaba 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA number of synthetic hydrogels suffer from low mechanical strength. Despite of the recent advances in the fabrication of tough hydrogels, it is still a great challenge to simultaneously construct high stretchability, and self‐adhesive and self‐healing capability in a hydrogel. Herein, a new type of double network hydrogel was prepared based on irreversible cross‐linking of polyacrylamide chains and Schiff‐base reversible cross‐linking between glycidyl methacrylate‐grafted ethylenediamine and oxidized sodium alginate (OSA). The combination of both cross‐linkings and their synergistic effect provided a novel hydrogel with high strength, stretchable, rapid self‐healing, and self‐adhesiveness to different material. Besides, the hydrogels with diverse OSA content could maintain their original shapes after loading–unloading tensile test. The resulting hydrogel has a great potential in various fields for supporting and load‐bearing substance.
Genetic variants in children with chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Alsamri Mohammed T. , Alabdouli Amnah , Alkalbani Alia M. , Iram Durdana , Antony Priya , Vijayan Ranjit , Souid Abdul‐Kader 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFounder mutations and autosomal recessive (AR) disorders are common in the Arabian Peninsula due to frequent consanguineous marriages. As a result, the pulmonary service at Tawam Hospital (Al Ain, UAE) routinely requests genetic testing for children with persistent (unexplained) respiratory problems. The main purpose of this report was to underscore the usefulness of these tests. Ten children with severe respiratory diseases due to complex genetic findings are described here. Forty‐one variants (six novel) were detected, averaging four per patient (range: 1‐9). Seven (17%) variants were homozygous and 34 (83%) heterozygous; some variants were known to show monoallelic expression. Using binomial probability distribution, the fetal‐risk for having AR disorder(s) as a function of the number of shared variants by a couple ranged from 0.25 (having one shared variant) to 0.9249 (having nine shared variants). In cultures where increased size of homozygous genomic segments is common, children often have multiple variants that could cause complex clinical phenotypes. Identifying pathogenic variants assists in clinical care, family counseling, and disease prevention through genetic screening.
On resolution sensitivity in the Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Herrington Adam R. , Reed Kevin A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvances in high‐performance computing make it possible to run atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) over an increasingly wider range of grid resolutions, using either globally uniform or variable‐resolution grids. In principle, this is an exciting opportunity to resolve atmospheric process and scales in a global model and in unprecedented detail, but in practice this grid flexibility is incompatible with the non‐ or weakly converging solutions with increasing horizontal resolution that have long characterized AGCMs. In the the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), there are robust sensitivities to horizontal resolution that have persisted since the model was first introduced over thirty years ago; the atmosphere progressively dries and becomes less cloudy with resolution, and parametrized deep convective precipitation decreases at the expense of stratiform precipitation. This study documents a convergence experiment using CAM, version 6, and argues that a unifying cause, the sensitivity of resolved dynamical modes to native grid resolution, feeds back into other model components and explains these robust sensitivities to resolution. The increasing magnitudes of resolved vertical velocities with resolution are shown to fit an analytic scaling derived for the equations of motion at hydrostatic scales. This trend in vertical velocities results in an increase in resolved upward moisture fluxes at cloud base, balanced by an increase in stratiform precipitation rates with resolution. Compensating, greater magnitude subsiding motion with resolution has previously been shown to dry out the atmosphere and reduce cloud cover. Here, it is shown that both the increase in condensational heating from stratiform cloud formation and greater subsidence drying contribute to an increase in atmospheric stability with resolution, reducing the activity of parametrized convection. The impact of changing the vertical velocity field with native grid resolution cannot be ignored in any effort to recover convergent solutions in AGCMs, and, in particular, the development of scale‐aware physical parametrizations.
Impact of breast milk‐acquired cytomegalovirus infection in premature infants: Pathogenesis, prevention, and clinical consequences?
Authors: Osterholm Erin A. , Schleiss Mark R. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMaternal–fetal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) represents the most common infectious cause of long‐term neurodevelopmental disability in children. Congenital CMV (cCMV) infection is associated with microcephaly, seizure disorders, cognitive disability, developmental delay, and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Of these disabilities, SNHL is the most common, affecting approximately 10% of infants with cCMV. Although the sequelae of cCMV are well recognized, it is much less clear what long‐term morbidities may occur in neonates that acquire post‐natal CMV infection. Post‐natal CMV (pCMV) infection is most commonly transmitted by breast‐feeding, and in full‐term infants is of little consequence. However, in preterm, very‐low birthweight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g), pCMV can result in a severe sepsis‐like syndrome, with wide‐ranging end‐organ disease manifestations. Although such short‐term complications are well recognized among clinicians caring for premature infants, the long‐term risks with respect to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes remain controversial. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical manifestations of breast milk‐acquired pCMV infection. In particular, we summarize studies that have examined—sometimes with conflicting conclusions—the risks of long‐term adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in VLBW infants that acquire pCMV from breast milk. We highlight proposed preventive strategies and antiviral interventions, and offer recommendations for high‐priority areas for future basic science and clinical research.
A nonlinear model predictive control scheme for sensor fault tolerance in observation processes
Authors: Knudsen Brage R. , Alessandretti Andrea , Jones Colin N. , Foss Bjarne 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the problem of designing a sensor fault‐tolerant controller for an observation process where a primary, controlled system observes, through a set of measurements, an exogenous system to estimate the state of this system. We consider sensor faults captured by a change in a set of sensor parameters affecting the measurements. Using this parametrization, we present a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme to control the observation process and actively detect and estimate possible sensor faults, with adaptive controller reconfiguration to optimize the use of the remaining sensing capabilities. A key feature of the proposed scheme is the design of observability indices for the NMPC stage cost to improve the observability of both the state of the exogenous system and the sensor fault parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is illustrated through numerical simulations.
Spin‐offs' linkages to their parent universities over time: The performance implications of equity, geographical proximity, and technological ties
Authors: Bolzani Daniela , Rasmussen Einar , Fini Riccardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study explores the impact of parent university linkages on the market performance of university spin‐off firms (USOs). We argue that spin‐offs' performance is not only affected by competencies inherited from their parent universities at start‐up but also by linkages maintained over time. We longitudinally study 551 USOs established between 2000 and 2008 in Italy. Using estimations that account for attrition and endogeneity, we find that equity‐based university linkages increase USOs' market performance and that geographical proximity strengthens this effect. Furthermore, increasing technological ties between USOs' entrepreneurial teams and their parent universities has a detrimental effect on performance, especially for companies that remain geographically proximate to their parent universities. The results have implications for theory and practice related to strategic linkages, alliances, and academic entrepreneurship.Managerial SummaryThis study explores the extent to which university spin‐off firms (USOs) benefit from maintaining linkages with their parent universities over time. We study 551 USOs established between 2000 and 2008 in Italy, assessing their market performance (i.e., sales revenues) up to 2012. We find that USOs that maintain equity shares with their parent universities have better market performance. This positive effect is stronger for USOs located near their parent universities. In contrast, USOs that maintain close technological ties to their parent universities have worse market performance, especially if located near their parent universities. These findings are relevant to policymakers, university managers, and academic entrepreneurs interested in understanding how to effectively design and manage the different linkages between USOs and their parent universities.
Some results in Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson thermoelasticity of dipolar bodies
Authors: Marin Marin , Öchsner Andreas , Bhatti Muhammad Mubashir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider the mixed initial‐boundary value problem in the context of the Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson theory of thermoelasticity for dipolar bodies. We consider the case of heat conduction with dissipation. Even if the elasticity tensors are not supposed to be positively defined, we have proven both, the uniqueness and the instability of the solution of the mixed problem. In the case that the mass density and the thermal conductivity tensor are positive, we obtain the uniqueness of the solution using some Lagrange type identities.
Brachiaria Grass for Climate Resilient and Sustainable Livestock Production in Kenya
Authors: Njarui D. M. G. , Gatheru M. , Ghimire S. R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrachiaria grass is a “climate smart” forage that produces high amount of palatable and nutritious biomass for livestock and performs well in infertile soils, sequesters carbon in soil, and provides several environmental benefits. The objective of the study was to validate the productivity of Brachiaria grass and upscale the suitable cultivars for improved livestock feed resources in Kenya. We assume integrating Brachiaria grass into mixed crop-livestock system will enhance feed availability and livestock productivity, leading to increased food and nutrition security. Farmer participatory approach was adopted to evaluate and promote four Brachiaria grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, B. brizantha cvs. Xaraes, Piata, and MG-4) in the Central Highland and Eastern Midland of Kenya. The extension/advisory approaches used to promote Brachiaria grass cultivars included field days, village knowledge centres, agricultural shows, posters, and linkages with other institutions through multi-actor platform established under the InnovAfrica project. Generally, Brachiaria grass cultivars were more productive than the control (Rhodes grass) in most harvests reaching peak of 5.1–7.7 t/ha in the fifth harvest. For Rhodes grass, DM was less than 4 t/ha in all harvest and died by sixth harvest. Similarly, based on farmers’ evaluation using phenotypic traits, the Brachiaria grass cultivars had higher score than Rhodes grass except cv. Piata. The mean score ranged from 2.75 to 3.19 for Brachiaria cultivars, while for Rhodes the mean score was 2.63. Within 2 years of intervention, over 4000 farmers in the 2 project sites and additional 1500 farmers from other parts of the country have planted the Brachiaria grass. The demand for Brachiaria grass seeds is increasing due to benefits gained, e.g., increased milk production from dairy cattle fed on the grass. Our study will quantify the associated benefits from cultivation of Brachiaria grass with respect to a set of ecological, food and nutrition security, and social-economic indicators.
Climate Change Adaptation Options in Farming Communities of Selected Nigerian Ecological Zones
Authors: Ayanlade Ayansina , Oluwatimilehin Isaac Ayo , Oladimeji Adeola A. , Atai Godwin , Agbalajobi Damilola T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the impacts of climate change on three tropical crops and assesses the climate change adaptation options adopted by rural farmers in the region. The study was conducted among farming communities settled in three major ecological zones in Nigeria. Over 37 years of data on rainfall and temperature were analyzed to examine climate change impacts on three major crops: rice, maize, and cassava. Farmers’ adaptive capacity was assessed with a survey. Climatic data, crop yields, and survey data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The relation between rainfall/temperature and crop yields was examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results show a high variation in the annual rainfall and temperature during the study period. The major findings from this research is that crops in different ecological zones respond differently to climate variation. The result revealed that there is a very strong relationship between precipitation and the yield of rice and cassava at p <0.05 level of significance. The results further showed low level of adaption among the rural farmers. The study concludes that rainfall and temperature variability has a significant impact on crop yield in the study area, but that the adaptive capacity of most farmers to these impacts is low. There is a need for enhancing the adaptation options available to farmers in the region, which should be the focus of government policies.
A new precision process at FCC-hh: the diphoton leptonic Wh channel
Authors: Bishara Fady , Englert Philipp , Grojean Christophe , Montull Marc , Panico Giuliano , Rossia Alejo N. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The increase in luminosity and center of mass energy at the FCC-hh will open up new clean channels where BSM contributions are enhanced at high energy. In this paper we study one such channel, Wh → ℓνγγ. We estimate the sensitivity to the $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(3)} $$

O
φq

3

, $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi \mathrm{W}} $$

O

φ
W

, and $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi \tilde{\mathrm{W}}} $$

O

φ

W
˜

SMEFT operators. We find that this channel will be competitive with fully leptonic WZ production in setting bounds on $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi q}^{(3)} $$

O
φq

3

. We also find that the double differential distribution in the $$ {p}_T^h $$

p
T
h

and the leptonic azimuthal angle can be exploited to enhance the sensitivity to $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi \tilde{\mathrm{W}}} $$

O

φ

W
˜

. However, the bounds on $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi \mathrm{W}} $$

O

φ
W

and $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{\varphi \tilde{\mathrm{W}}} $$

O

φ

W
˜

we obtain in our analysis, though complementary and more direct, are not competitive with those coming from other measurements such as EDMs and inclusive Higgs measurements.