bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Koszul complexes and spectral sequences associated with Lie algebroids
Authors: Bruzzo Ugo , Rubtsov Vladimir N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study some spectral sequences associated with a locally free$${{\mathscr {O}}}_X$$OX-module$${{\mathscr {A}}}$$Awhich has a Lie algebroid structure. HereXis either a complex manifold or a regular scheme over an algebraically closed fieldk. One spectral sequence can be associated with$${{\mathscr {A}}}$$Aby choosing a global sectionVof$${{\mathscr {A}}}$$A, and considering a Koszul complex with a differential given by inner product byV. This spectral sequence is shown to degenerate at the second page by using Deligne’s degeneracy criterion. Another spectral sequence we study arises when considering the Atiyah algebroid$${{{\mathscr {D}}}_{{{\mathscr {E}}}}}$$DEof a holomolorphic vector bundle$${{\mathscr {E}}}$$Eon a complex manifold. IfVis a differential operator on$${{\mathscr {E}}}$$Ewith scalar symbol, i.e, a global section of$${{{\mathscr {D}}}_{{{\mathscr {E}}}}}$$DE, we associate with the pair$$({{\mathscr {E}}},V)$$(E,V)a twisted Koszul complex. The first spectral sequence associated with this complex is known to degenerate at the first page in the untwisted ($${{\mathscr {E}}}=0$$E=0) case.
Perioperative management of adult surgical patients with septic shock in resource limiting setting, systematic review
Authors: Alemu Ejig Temesgen , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke , Temesgen Mamaru Mollalign 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Infection is the inflammatory response to micro-organisms which leads to sepsis with disregulated host response and life-threatening organ dysfunction. The common causes are, severe burn/trauma, major surgical operations and complications in the perioperative period. The main cause of this has been found to be poor clinical diagnosis and management protocol for sepsis and its consequences such as septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction; and these have been pronounced during perioperative period with additional burdens of surgery and anesthesia. Septic shock may lead to diminished cognitive function, psychological problems, and long-term damage to organ systems increased malignancy risk, and increased hospitalization rates.

Methods:
The study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Search engines like PubMed through HINARI, Cochrane database and Google Scholars were used to find high-level evidences that help to draw appropriate conclusions.

Discussions:
Septic shock is a major healthcare problem with high mortality rate in different countries. The mortality rate associated with septic shock has been estimated as being between 28 and 50%, in developed countries and higher (45%-74.6) in countries with low socioeconomic status including Ethiopia. The main cause of this has been found to be poor clinical diagnosis and management protocol for sepsis and its consequences such as septic shock and multi-organ dysfunction; and these have been pronounced during perioperative period with additional burdens of surgery and anesthesia. The aims of septic shock patient management perioperatively is that best survival outcome of the patient through keeping the major organ perfusion, controlling source of sepsis, keeping the intravascular volume, acute lung injury avoidance during mechanical ventilation, hematological renal indices and electrolyte level balancing.

Conclusion:
Since the incidence of septic shock is a major healthcare problem in the world for the patients who often require surgery, thus the periopratively management is determinant factor for the patient survival outcome for the aim of minimizing the perioperative morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospitalization, health care costs and then increases productivity of the population.

Highlights
Scalpel versus electrocautery for Herniorrhaphy Incision: A randomized controlled trail
Authors: Zarei Farshad , Shahmoradi Mohammad Kazem 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Electrocautery is widely used for incision and is considered safe, irrespective of the surgical procedure.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to compare postoperative scar complications following scalpel and electrocautery incision in patients who underwent herniorrhaphy.

Method:
This study was a randomized controlled trail performed on 120 patients referred to (XXX) for herniorrhaphy. Sixty patients underwent hernia repair using scalpel and electrocautery incision. Postoperative pain, wound infection and scar-associated complications were assessed in all the patients at the time of suture removal and follow-up. The data were analyzed using SPSS v 18 and p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Result:
The two groups were age-matched, and no significant difference was reported in terms of hypertrophic and colloidal scar among the two groups. Additionally, the differences in the pain intensity were also not significant among the groups. No postoperative infection was reported in our study.

Conclusion:
According to our findings, electrocautery incision is as safe as scalpel incision for herniorrhaphy with regard to scar complication and wound infection. The detailed study including intraoperative parameters can give better conclusions.

Highlights
Necessary and good: a literature review exploring ethical issues for online counselling with children and young people who have experienced maltreatment
Authors: McVeigh Mary Jo , Heward-Belle Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization categorised the Corona virus as a public health emergency of international concern. As a result of this declaration, a raft of procedures to stem the spread of the virus to safeguard the health and safety of its citizens was enacted by the Australian Government. The promotion of social isolation and distancing were among these measures. The governmental social distancing measures put in place in Australia resulted in a curtailing of face-to-face work and moving to online service delivery for many agencies who provide counselling for children/young people who have experienced maltreatment. This article presents the findings of a review of the literature on the pertinent ethical issues in relation to online counselling. The results of the review highlighted common ethical issues discussed across the literature, with a major gap in the literature focusing on issues for children and young people and a continued privileging of the adult voice over children and young people’s needs.
Historical and prehistorical water levels of Mormon Lake, Arizona as a measure of climate change on the southwest Colorado Plateau, USA
Authors: Hereford Richard , Amoroso Lee 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMormon Lake, elevation 2166 m with maximum historic surface area of 31.4 km2, lies in a forested endorheic basin covering 103 km2. It is the largest unaltered freshwater body on the 337,000 km2 Colorado Plateau. Prehistorical (before AD 1878) highstands were ca. 9 and 24 m relative to depocenter datum. These levels likely occurred during four multidecadal episodes of cool, wet conditions between ca. 3.55 and 0.20 ka BP. Maximum historical levels (early 1900s) were up to 7.9 m, whereas modern (post-1941) levels were frequently zero or relatively low. Historical climate records indicate reconstructed lake levels correlate directly with annual precipitation and inversely with temperature. Early highstands were associated with above average precipitation and the lowest temperatures of the 116 yr record. The lake receded after 1941; thereafter, frequent drying and low-water levels resulted from recurrent drought and steadily increasing temperatures. Consequently, a wet episode from the 1970s to the 1990s had precipitation like the early 1900s, but highstands were only ca. 3.8 m. The historical lake-level chronology is consistent with changes of hydrologic balance predicted by climate models, that is, reduced effective precipitation (precipitation minus evaporation). These changes, particularly aridification, apparently began in the 1970s or earlier. Global oceanic and atmospheric climate modulate lake levels and regional hydroclimate.
Reintroducing species when threats still exist: assessing the suitability of contemporary landscapes for island endemics
Authors: Angeli Nicole Frances , Fitzgerald Lee Austin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReintroducing species into landscapes with persistent threats is a conservation challenge. Although historic threats may not be eliminated, they should be understood in the context of contemporary landscapes. Regenerating landscapes often contain newly emergent habitat, creating opportunities for reintroductions. The Endangered St Croix ground lizard Pholidoscelis polops was extirpated from the main island of St Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, as a result of habitat conversion to agriculture and predation by the small Indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus. The species survived on two small cays and was later translocated to two islands. Since the 1950s, new land-cover types have emerged on St Croix, creating a matrix of suitable habitat throughout the island. Here we examined whether the new habitat is sufficient for a successful reintroduction of the St Croix ground lizard, utilizing three complementary approaches. Firstly, we compared a map from 1750 to the current landscape of St Croix and found statistical similarity of land-cover types. Secondly, we determined habitat suitability based on a binomial mixture population model developed as part of the programme monitoring the largest extant population of the St Croix ground lizard. We estimated the habitat to be sufficient for > 142,000 lizards to inhabit St Croix. Thirdly, we prioritized potential reintroduction sites and planned for reintroductions to take place during 2020–2023. Our case study demonstrates how changing landscapes alter the spatial configuration of threats to species, which can create opportunities for reintroduction. Presuming that areas of degraded habitat may never again be habitable could fail to consider how regenerating landscapes can support species recovery. When contemporary landscapes are taken into account, opportunities for reintroducing threatened species can emerge.
Accelerometer-derived sedentary time and physical activity and the incidence of depressive symptoms – The Maastricht Study
Authors: Konopka Magdalena J. , Köhler Sebastian , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Henry Ronald M. A. , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Savelberg Hans H. C. M. , Eussen Simone J. P. M. , Dagniele Pieter C. , van Dongen Martien C. J. M. , Schram Miranda T. , Koster Annemarie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the associations between accelerometer-derived sedentary time (ST), lower intensity physical activity (LPA), higher intensity physical activity (HPA) and the incidence of depressive symptoms over 4 years of follow-up.MethodsWe included 2082 participants from The Maastricht Study (mean ± s.d. age 60.1 ± 8.0 years; 51.2% men) without depressive symptoms at baseline. ST, LPA and HPA were measured with the ActivPAL3 activity monitor. Depressive symptoms were measured annually over 4 years of follow-up with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between ST, LPA, HPA and incident depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ⩾ 10). Analyses were adjusted for total waking time per day, age, sex, education level, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking status and alcohol use.ResultsDuring 7812.81 person-years of follow-up, 203 (9.8%) participants developed incident depressive symptoms. No significant associations [Hazard Ratio (95% confidence interval)] were found between sex-specific tertiles of ST (lowest v. highest tertile) [1.13 (0.76–1.66], or HPA (highest v. lowest tertile) [1.14 (0.78–1.69)] and incident depressive symptoms. LPA (highest v. lowest tertile) was statistically significantly associated with incident depressive symptoms in women [1.98 (1.19–3.29)], but not in men (p-interaction <0.01).ConclusionsWe did not observe an association between ST or HPA and incident depressive symptoms. Lower levels of daily LPA were associated with an increased risk of incident depressive symptoms in women. Future research is needed to investigate accelerometer-derived measured physical activity and ST with incident depressive symptoms, preferably stratified by sex.
Wide-band gain enhancement of a pyramidal horn antenna with a 3D-printed epsilon-positive and epsilon-near-zero metamaterial lens
Authors: Keskin Nesem , Aksimsek Sinan , Turker Tokan Nurhan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a simple, low-cost solution for the gain enhancement of a conventional pyramidal horn antenna using additive manufacturing. A flat, metamaterial lens consisting of three-layer metallic grid wire is implemented at the aperture of the horn. The lens is separated into two regions; namely epsilon-positive and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regions. The structure of the ENZ region is constructed accounting the variation of relative permittivity in the metamaterial. By the phase compensation property imparted by the metamaterial lens, more focused beams are obtained. The simulated and measured results clearly demonstrate that the metamaterial lens enhances the gain over an ultra-wide frequency band (10–18 GHz) compared to the conventional horn with the same physical size. A simple fabrication process using a 3D printer is introduced, and has been successfully applied. This result represents a remarkable achievement in this field, and may enable a comprehensive solution for satellite and radar systems as a high gain, compact, light-weighted, broadband radiator.
Recent Amplified Global Gross Primary Productivity Due to Temperature Increase Is Offset by Reduced Productivity Due to Water Constraints
Authors: Madani Nima , Parazoo Nicholas C. , Kimball John S. , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Reichle Rolf H. , Maneta Marco , Saatchi Sassan , Palmer Paul I. , Liu Zhihua , Tagesson Torbern 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSatellite remote sensing observations show an increased greenness trend over land in recent decades. While greenness observations can indicate increased productivity, estimation of total annual productivity is highly dependent on vegetation response to climate and environmental conditions. Models have been struggling to determine how much carbon is taken up by plants as a result of increased atmospheric CO2 fertilization. Current remote sensing light use efficiency (LUE) models contain considerable uncertainty due to the lack of spatial and temporal variability in maximum LUE parameter and climate sensitivity defined for global plant functional types (PFTs). We used the optimum LUE (LUEopt) previously derived from the global FLUXNET network to improve estimation of global gross primary productivity (GPP) for the period 1982–2016. Our results indicate increasing GPP in northern latitudes owing to reduced cold temperature constraints on plant growth, thereby suggesting increasing negative carbon‐climate feedback in high latitudes. In the tropics, by contrast, our results indicate an emerging positive climate feedback, mainly due to increasing atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Further pervasive VPD increase is likely to continue to reduce global GPP and amplify carbon emissions.
Tropical Indo‐Pacific Compounding Thermal Conditions Drive the 2019 Australian Extreme Drought
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Mao Wei , Jiang Feng , Stuecker Malte F. , Jin Fei‐Fei , Qi Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAustralia suffered a long‐lasting extensive drought in 2019 with catastrophic wildfires creating about $4.4 billion damages, the worst record in the recent four decades. Concurrent with this extreme drought, the tropical Indo‐Pacific oceans exhibited an extraordinary combination of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, characterized by a Central‐Pacific (CP) El Niño event with westernmost location and the third strongest positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event. We here show evidence that this unique combination was responsible for the pan‐Australian drought as a westward located CP El Niño event and a strong positive IOD event can exacerbate precipitation reduction in northeastern and southern Australia, respectively. These continent‐wide extreme droughts could become more frequent over Australia in a warming world, considering projected increases in both CP El Niño and extreme positive IOD events superimposed on secular warming and drying trends.
Ionospheric Diurnal Double‐Maxima Patterns Observed by the TEC From Beidou Geostationary Satellites in the Asian‐Australian Sector During 2016–2018
Authors: Wang Yihan , Huang Fuqing , Lei Jiuhou , Luan Xiaoli , Dou Xiankang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStatistical analysis was conducted to investigate the ionospheric diurnal double‐maxima (DDM) patterns using the total electron content (TEC) from the Beidou geostationary (GEO) satellites. The data were used over the Asian‐Australian sector during 2016–2018. It was found that the ionospheric DDM had the obvious seasonal and latitudinal variations as well as hemispheric differences. The occurrence rate of ionospheric DDM presented a semi‐annual variation with a main peak around the June solstice (local summer) and a secondary peak around the December solstice in the northern hemisphere and equator region, whereas an annual variation with the highest occurrence rate around the June solstice (local winter) was observed in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the occurrence rate of ionospheric DDM around the equatorial ionization anomaly crest region was lower than that at other latitudes. There was an anti‐correlation between the occurrence rate of ionospheric DDM and the background TEC, indicating that the drivers, which determine the variations of the background TEC, possibly play an important role in producing the latitudinal and seasonal variations of ionospheric DDM as well. Nevertheless, the causative mechanisms could be different for daytime and post‐sunset DDMs.
A Rapid Cooling Event Over the Western Pacific Region During the Middle Bronze Age
Authors: Xiao Hangfang , Deng Wenfeng , Liu Xi , Chen Xuefei , Guo Yangrui , Zhao Jian‐xin , Zeng Ti , Wei Gangjian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate change in the mid‐to‐late Holocene transition is very important for predicting future climate trends and understanding the relationship between abrupt climate change and the development of past human civilization. In this study, Sr/Ca ratios and δ18O records with the annual resolution extracted from four fossil corals that were growing during the Middle Bronze Age Cold Epoch (MBACE) were used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater δ18O (δ18Osw) in the South China Sea (SCS) during the mid‐to‐late Holocene transition. The results indicate that the SCS experienced a rapid cooling and wetting event during the period of ∼3,500–3,800 years BP (before present year 1950). Specifically, the average SST and δ18Osw declined rapidly by ∼3°C and ∼0.65‰, respectively, over an interval of ∼100 years from ∼3,850 years BP to ∼3,750 years BP. This rapid climate change pattern recorded in coral archives broadly agrees with those in foraminiferal and stalagmite records from adjacent land and ocean areas. Consistent with other records from the North Atlantic, this cold event in the Asia‐Western Pacific region that occurred during the MBACE and was originally identified in the North Atlantic and European regions should have occurred at the global scale, which might be caused by changes in the Asian summer monsoon linked with solar irradiance and/or the North Atlantic climate. In addition, this rapid climate change might support the occurrence and timing of the outburst flood event during the Xia Dynasty and might have led to the fall of the Xia Dynasty.
A dataset of 137Cs activity concentration and inventory in forests contaminated by the Fukushima accident
Authors: Hashimoto Shoji , Imamura Naohiro , Kawanishi Ayumi , Komatsu Masabumi , Ohashi Shinta , Nishina Kazuya , Kaneko Shinji , Shaw George , Thiry Yves 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe majority of the area contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident is covered with forests. We developed a dataset for radiocaesium (137Cs) in trees, soil, and mushrooms measured at numerous forest sites. The 137Cs activity concentration and inventory data reported in scientific journal papers written in English and Japanese, governmental reports, and governmental monitoring data on the web were collated. The ancillary information describing the forest stands were also collated, and further environmental information (e.g. climate) was derived from the other databases using longitude and latitude coordinates of the sampling locations. The database contains 8593, 4105, and 3189 entries of activity concentration data for trees, soil, and mushrooms, and 471 and 3521 entries of inventory data for trees and soil, respectively, which were collected from 2011 to 2017, and covers the entire Fukushima prefecture. The data can be used to document and understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of radiocaesium in the affected region and to aid the development and validation of models of radiocaesium dynamics in contaminated forests.
Comparative analysis of bacterioplankton assemblages from two subtropical karst reservoirs of southwestern China with contrasting trophic status
Authors: Li Qiang , Huang Yadan , Xin Shenglin , Li Zhongyi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough bacterioplankton play an important role in aquatic ecosystems, less is known about bacterioplankton assemblages from subtropical karst reservoirs of southwestern China with contrasting trophic status. Here, 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing coupled with water chemistry analysis was applied to compare the bacterioplankton communities from a light eutrophic reservoir, DL Reservoir, and a mesotrophic reservoir, WL Reservoir, in subtropical karst area of southwestern China. Our findings indicated that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dominated bacterioplankton community with contrasting relative frequency in the two subtropical karst reservoirs. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the core communities, which played important roles in karst biogeochemical cycles. Though WT, TN and DOC play the decisive role in assembling karst aquatic bacterioplankton, trophic status exerted significantly negative direct effects on bacterioplankton community composition and alpha diversity. Due to contrasting trophic status in the two reservoirs, the dominant taxa such as Enterobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Candidatus Methylacidiphilum and Flavobacteriia, that harbor potential functions as valuable and natural indicators of karst water health status, differed in DL Reservoir and WL Reservoir.