bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costly teeth? Gestation length in primates suggests that neonate dentition is not expensive to produce
Authors: Mongle Carrie S. , Koenig Andreas , Samonds Karen E. , Smaers Jeroen B. , Borries Carola 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVariation in the relationship between gestation length and body mass can arise because different types of tissue require varying amounts of energy to build, and not all species build such tissues in the same proportions. Given that a pregnant female has a finite amount of energy, trade‐offs between investment in different tissues may occur. Here we examine if dental precocity accounts for variation in primate gestation length. If true, this could explain why folivorous species with precocial dentition have longer gestation lengths than predicted by neonatal brain and body mass. We compiled data on gestation length, neonate and adult female body and brain mass from the literature. We used published postcanine eruption schedules at 4 months of age and measured the total occlusal area as dental endowment to approximate dental precocity at birth. Species with embryonic delay in growth or altricial neonates were not considered because they represent grade shifts regarding gestation length. Consequently, our data were biased toward Simiiformes and Old World monkeys, specifically. We performed a phylogenetic generalized least squares regression (pGLS) of neonate brain mass in relation to neonate body mass, and a second pGLS with dental endowment as an additional predictor variable. Including dental endowment in the pGLS did not improve the model. Dental endowment did not systematically impact primate gestation length. Concordant with results from previous studies, this indicates that the energetically expensive period of tooth mineralization may occur postnatally. More data are required to examine if the results are typical across primates.
Einsatz von Fertigteilen im massiven Verkehrswasserbau
Authors: Lühr Stefan , Stephan Christoph , Westendarp Andreas , Kunz Claus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn den kommenden Jahren steht im Bereich der Wasserstraßen‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV) eine Vielzahl an großen Baumaßnahmen in den Bereichen Ersatzneubau und Grundinstandsetzung von massiven Wasserbauwerken an. Diese Maßnahmen müssen trotz hoher Anforderungen an die Dauerhaftigkeit und Verfügbarkeit massiver Wasserbauwerke zuverlässig, effizient und kostengünstig abgewickelt werden. Der Einsatz von Fertigteilen und Teilfertigteilen aus Stahlbeton bietet in diesem Zusammenhang interessante technische und wirtschaftliche Möglichkeiten. Das diesbezügliche Anwendungspotenzial soll gezielt analysiert, bewertet und genutzt werden. Die notwendigen Voraussetzungen für eine systematische Verwendung von Fertigteilen im Wasserbau bis hin zu Regelungen für Bemessung, Baustoffe und Bauausführung werden im Rahmen eines FuE‐Vorhabens der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) erarbeitet.
Deoxyshikonin reversibly inhibits cytochrome P450 2B6
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyun , Choi Su Min , Shreatha Riya , Jeong Gil‐Saeng , Jeong Tae Cheon , Lee Sangkyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDeoxyshikonin, a natural shikonin derivative, is the major component of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and exhibits various pharmacological effects such as lymphangiogenetic, antibacterial, wound healing, and anticancer effects. To investigate the herb–drug interaction potential associated with deoxyshikonin, the inhibitory effects of deoxyshikonin on eight major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes were examined using cocktail substrate‐incubated human liver microsomes. Deoxyshikonin strongly inhibited CYP2B6‐catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation, with a Ki value of 3.5 μM, and the inhibition was confirmed using purified human CYP2B6. The inhibition was reversible because the inhibitory effect of deoxyshikonin was not dependent on the preincubation time. The results indicated that deoxyshikonin‐induced drug–drug interaction should be considered when any herb containing deoxyshikonin is used for conventional medications.
Are Anaphase Events Really Irreversible? The Endmost Stages of Cell Division and the Paradox of the DNA Double‐Strand Break Repair
Authors: Machín Félix , Ayra‐Plasencia Jessel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt has been recently demonstrated that yeast cells are able to partially regress chromosome segregation in telophase as a response to DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs), likely to find a donor sequence for homology‐directed repair (HDR). This regression challenges the traditional concept that establishes anaphase events as irreversible, hence opening a new field of research in cell biology. Here, the nature of this new behavior in yeast is summarized and the underlying mechanisms are speculated about. It is also discussed whether it can be reproduced in other eukaryotes. Overall, this work brings forwards the need of understanding how cells attempt to repair DSBs when transiting the latest stages of mitosis, i.e., anaphase and telophase.
Cell culture process metabolomics together with multivariate data analysis tools opens new routes for bioprocess development and glycosylation prediction
Authors: Zürcher Philipp , Sokolov Michael , Brühlmann David , Ducommun Raphael , Stettler Matthieu , Souquet Jonathan , Jordan Martin , Broly Hervé , Morbidelli Massimo , Butté Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultivariate latent variable methods have become a popular and versatile toolset to analyze bioprocess data in industry and academia. This work spans such applications from the evaluation of the role of the standard process variables and metabolites to the metabolomics level, that is, to the extensive number metabolic compounds detectable in the extracellular and intracellular domains. Given the substantial effort currently required for the measurement of the latter groups, a tailored methodology is presented that is capable of providing valuable process insights as well as predicting the glycosylation profile based on only four experiments measured over 12 cell culture days. An important result of the work is the possibility to accurately predict many of the glycan variables based on the information of three experiments. An additional finding is that such predictive models can be generated from the more accessible process and extracellular information only, that is, without including the more experimentally cumbersome intracellular data. With regards to the incorporation of omics data in the standard process analytics framework in the future, this works provides a comprehensive data analysis pathway which can efficiently support numerous bioprocessing tasks.
Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins A–F by the Gold‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Conjugated Diyne with Pyrrole
Authors: Matsuoka Junpei , Inuki Shinsuke , Matsuda Yuka , Miyamoto Yoichi , Otani Mayumi , Oka Masahiro , Oishi Shinya , Ohno Hiroaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe total synthesis of dictyodendrins A–F was achieved by using the gold(I)‐catalyzed annulation of a conjugated diyne with N‐Boc‐pyrrole for direct construction of the pyrrolo[2,3‐c]carbazole scaffold. Late‐stage functionalization of the resulting pyrrolo[2,3‐c]carbazole to introduce various substituents provided divergent access to dictyodendrins. Some dictyodendrin analogues exhibited inhibitory activities toward CDK2/CycA2 and GSK3.
A randomized phase 2 study of temsirolimus and cetuximab versus temsirolimus alone in recurrent/metastatic, cetuximab‐resistant head and neck cancer: The MAESTRO study
Authors: Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Kochanny Sara , Wood Kevin , Worden Francis P. , Adkins Douglas , Wade James L. , Sleckman Bethany G. , Anderson Daniel , Brisson Ryan J. , Karrison Theodore , Stadler Walter M. , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPatients with cetuximab‐resistant, recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have poor outcomes. This study hypothesized that dual blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) would overcome cetuximab resistance on the basis of the role of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase signaling in preclinical models of EGFR resistance.MethodsIn this multicenter, randomized clinical study, patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC with documented progression on cetuximab (in any line in the recurrent/metastatic setting) received 25 mg of temsirolimus weekly plus cetuximab at 400/250 mg/m2 weekly (TC) or single‐agent temsirolimus (T). The primary outcome was progression‐free survival (PFS) in the TC arm versus the T arm. Response rates, overall survival, and toxicity were secondary outcomes.ResultsEighty patients were randomized to therapy with TC or T alone. There was no difference for the primary outcome of median PFS (TC arm, 3.5 months; T arm, 3.5 months). The response rate was 12.5% in the TC arm (5 responses, including 1 complete response [2.5%]) and 2.5% in the T arm (1 partial response; P = .10). Responses were clinically meaningful in the TC arm (range, 3.6‐9.1 months) but not in the T‐alone arm (1.9 months). Fatigue, electrolyte abnormalities, and leukopenia were the most common grade 3 or higher adverse events and occurred in less than 20% of patients in both arms.ConclusionsThe study did not meet its primary endpoint of improvement in PFS. However, TC induced responses in cetuximab‐refractory patients with good tolerability. The post hoc observation of activity in patients with acquired resistance (after prior benefit from cetuximab monotherapy) may warrant further investigation.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose‐based indicator labels to track freshness of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Authors: Şen Ferhat , Uzunsoy İrem , Kahraman Memet Vezir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to develop a freshness indicator label that changes color with spoilage of fish. Hydroxyethyl cellulose‐based indicator labels were prepared using two different mixed indicator (bromothymol blue/phenol red, cresol red/thymol blue) formulations. The functionality of prepared indicator labels was tested on anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) stored at 2°C and 10°C. Changes in total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., total yeast and mold counts, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) contents of anchovy during storage were examined. Color changes of prepared indicator films were measured by a colorimeter. Correlation between color changes of indicator labels with microorganism growth and content of TVB‐N was investigated. It is concluded that developed indicator labels change color with spoilage of anchovy and can be used as freshness indicator in fish industry.
Double‐weighted fuzzy clustering with samples and generalized entropy features
Authors: Lin Jiaxiang , Wu Liping , Chen Riqing , Wu Jianwei , Wang Xueping 
Published: May 2020

SummaryFor the dataset with different sample contributions and different feature importance, it is difficult to acquire a proper cluster structure that covers the entire features of the sample set. To improve the clustering result, a novel weighted fuzzy clustering algorithm based on both samples and generalized entropy features, called SGEF‐WFCM, is proposed in this article, among which a new objective function is developed on the basis of feature‐weighted generalized entropy regularization with a double‐weighting strategy of samples and features, the weighted coefficients of the features to each cluster, as well as the importance of the samples to the cluster are calculated dynamically, to obtain a better clustering result. Finally, experiments on both synthetic datasets and real‐world datasets from UCI are employed to verify the performance of the proposed SGEF‐WFCM algorithm. The results show that SGEF‐WFCM is superior to the conventional FCM algorithm in both the effectiveness and the usefulness during practices.
Accurate Backbone 13C and 15N Chemical Shift Tensors in Galectin‐3 Determined by MAS NMR and QM/MM: Details of Structure and Environment Matter
Authors: Kraus Jodi , Gupta Rupal , Lu Manman , Gronenborn Angela M. , Akke Mikael , Polenova Tatyana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChemical shift tensors obtained from solid‐state NMR spectroscopy are very sensitive reporters of structure and dynamics in proteins. While accurate 13C and 15N chemical shift tensors are accessible by magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, their quantum mechanical calculations remain challenging, particularly for 15N atoms. Here we compare experimentally determined backbone 13Cα and 15NH chemical shift tensors by MAS NMR with hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics/molecular dynamics (MD‐QM/MM) calculations for the carbohydrate‐binding domain of galectin‐3. Excellent agreement between experimental and computed 15NH chemical shift anisotropy values was obtained using the Amber ff15ipq force field when solvent dynamics was taken into account in the calculation. Our results establish important benchmark conditions for improving the accuracy of chemical shift calculations in proteins and may aid in the validation of protein structure models derived by MAS NMR.
Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions
Authors: Schäfer Pascal M. , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe increasing awareness of sustainability has led to enormous growth of the demand for bio‐based and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) (PLA). In industry, polymerization of lactide is currently carried out using tin catalysts (e. g., tin(II) ethyl hexanoate, Sn(Oct)2). Since the catalyst remains in the polymer, it can accumulate in the soil or in the human body after degradation and cause damage due to its toxicity. Therefore, a search for a suitable substitute for this catalyst has been going on for decades. Guanidine metal complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the polymerization of lactide. They are not only convincing because of their activity and the synthesis of high molar mass polymers, but also show a high robustness against high temperatures, oxidation as well as residual protic impurities in the monomer. Herein, key zinc and iron guanidine complexes are discussed with respect to their apparent rate constant (kapp) and rate constant of propagation (kp), produced molar masses and the mechanism involved.
Exploring the potential usefulness of U.S. maize expired Plant Variety Protection Act lines for maize breeding in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Dao Abdalla , Sanou Jacob , Sanon R. Diane , Zeba Issiaka , Coulibaly Sarah , Lübberstedt Thomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines with expired Plant Variety Protection Act (ExPVP) certificates are publicly available and potentially represent a new germplasm resource for many public and private breeding programs. The use of these inbred lines for maize breeding in sub‐Saharan African (SSA) was little investigated. Hence, this study was conducted to explore their potential usefulness. Ninety‐six ExPVP lines, two temperate public lines, and 14 tropical lines were evaluated in five different trials from 2016 to 2018 in Burkina Faso to determine their phenotypic characteristics; resistance to drought, heat, and three diseases; and to identify elite ExPVP lines for local maize breeding programs. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic traits highlighted a clear distinction between the different groups (nonstiff stalk [NS] vs. Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic [SS] heterotic groups and temperate vs. tropical germplasms). The screening showed that 3, 28, and 68% of ExPVP lines were resistant, tolerant, and susceptible to maize leaf blight disease, respectively. However, the lines were either tolerant or resistant to Curvularia leaf spot and maize streak virus. Approximately 30% of ExPVP lines presented a tolerance to the three maize diseases tested and 8% of the lines were tolerant to drought. Heat stress was severe to both ExPVP and tropical lines. Yield potential of ExPVP lines varied from 1.68 to 2635.63 kg ha−1 vs. 798.76 to 1707.56 kg ha−1 for tropical lines. The ExPVP lines identified showing tolerance to stresses and a high‐yield performance can be integrated in inbred‐hybrid development program.
Across the Board: Federico Bella on Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Bella Federico 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this series of articles, the board members of ChemSusChem discuss recent research articles that they consider of exceptional quality and importance for sustainability. This entry features Prof. F. Bella, who discusses the electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to produce ammonia through the addition of protons and electrons under mild conditions (25 °C, 1 atm). This reaction has the potential to replace the energy‐intensive traditional Haber–Bosch process but faces several challenges and pitfalls.
Minute tubercles in bitterling larvae: Developmental dynamic structures to prevent premature ejection by host mussels
Authors: Kim Hyeong Su 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBitterlings are small freshwater fish that use long ovipositors to lay eggs in host mussels, and they have morphological adaptations to increase larval survival. The most well‐known adaptation is the minute tubercles on the skin surface of larvae; they are developed in early‐stage larvae with weak swimming ability and disappear in free‐swimming larvae before they leave the host mussel.In the present study, I comprehensively analyzed the developmental stages ofRhodeus pseudosericeuslarvae, their morphological and physiological characteristics, their migration inside mussels, and the development of minute tubercle in order to elucidate the morphological function of the minute tubercles. These tubercles began to develop 1 day after hatching (formation stage), grew for 2–5 days (growth stage), reached the peak height after 6–7 days (peak stage), abruptly reduced in height after 8–10 days (abrupt reduction stage), and gradually reduced in height (reduction stage) until completely disappearing 27 days after hatching (disappearance stage).The larvae remained in the mussels’ interlamellar space of the gill demibranchs until 10 days after hatching and began to migrate to the suprabranchial cavity 11 days after hatching. At this time, the larvae had a heart rate and the caudal fin began to develop. At 24 days after hatching, the minute tubercles had almost disappeared, and some individuals were observed swimming out of the mussels.The results presented herein elucidate that the minute tubercles are the developmental dynamic structures that the bitterling larvae have morphologically adapted to prevent premature ejection from the mussel.
Old age‐associated enrichment of peripheral T regulatory cells and altered redox status in pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Namdeo Manju , Kandel Ramesh , Thakur Prabhakar Kumar , Mohan Anant , Dey Aparajit Ballav , Mitra Dipendra Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAging influences the susceptibility and prognosis to various infectious diseases including tuberculosis (TB). Despite the impairment of T‐cell function and immunity in older individuals, the mechanism for the higher incidence of TB in the elderly remains largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the age‐associated immune alterations, particularly in effector and Treg responses in pulmonary TB patients. We also evaluated the impact of redox status and its modulation with N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC) in elderly TB. Higher frequency of Treg cells and reduced IFN‐γ positive T cells were observed among older TB patients. The elevated number of Treg cells correlated tightly with bacillary load (i.e. disease severity); which declined significantly in response to successful anti‐tubercular treatment. We could rescue Myobacterium tuberculosis‐specific effector T cell (Th1) responses through various in vitro approaches, for example, Treg cell depletion and co‐culture experiments, blocking experiments using antibodies against IL‐10, TGF‐β, and programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) as well as NAC supplementation. We report old age‐associated enrichment of Treg cells and suppression of M. tuberculosis‐specific effector T (Th1) cell immune responses. Monitoring these immune imbalances in older patients may assist in immune potentiation through selectively targeting Treg cells and/or optimizing redox status by NAC supplementation.
Chemical Synthesis and Isolation of Trans‐Palmitoleic Acid (Trans‐C16:1 n‐7) Suitable for Nutritional Studies
Authors: Guillocheau Etienne , Drouin Gaëtan , Catheline Daniel , Orione Clément , Legrand Philippe , Rioux Vincent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrans‐palmitoleic acid (trans‐9 C16:1, or trans‐C16:1 n‐7, TPA) is typically found in ruminant‐derived foods (milk and meat). Of note, previous epidemiological studies associated high levels of circulating TPA with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome in humans. At the current time, TPA intakes in humans are ensured by ruminant‐derived foods. However, due to the very low commercial availability of TPA, there are no supplementation studies carried out so far. Therefore, the ability for dietary TPA to prevent type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome has never been experimentally assessed. Here, a method (among others) to get dozens of grams of pure TPA as ethyl ester, to perform dedicated supplementation studies, is reported. For that purpose, it starts from food sources containing high amounts of cis‐palmitoleic acid (cis‐9 C16:1, or cis‐C16:1 n‐7, CPA), dealing with fatty acids ethyl esters all along the experiment. CPA is purified with flash liquid chromatography, then submitted to a cis/trans isomerization step. Finally, TPA is separated from CPA by low‐temperature crystallization in methanol. The final product is fully characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. It is possible to produce ≈70 g of 85%‐purity TPA suitable for nutritional studies.Practical Applications: The synthesized trans‐palmitoleic acid may serve for supplementation (or nutritional) studies aiming at unravelling its physiological impacts suggested by epidemiological work. Depending on the amount of synthesized trans‐palmitoleic acid, one may carry out nutritional studies on rodents or even on humans.
Testing the basic socio‐structural assumptions of social identity theory in the gender context: Evidence from correlational studies on women's leadership
Authors: Scheifele Carolin , Ehrke Franziska , Viladot Maria Angels , Van Laar Colette , Steffens Melanie C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGiven negative social identity, different perceptions of the structure of an intergroup relation (i.e., stability, legitimacy, permeability) should be related to different identity‐management strategies (i.e., social competition, social creativity, or individual mobility) depending on group identification. This is among the basic tenets of social identity theory (SIT). There is surprisingly little empirical support for these postulates in the context of one of the most central group identities: gender. Using a sample of women in leadership positions in Spain (N = 649), we tested relations between structural perceptions and identity‐management strategies in a pilot study. Structural equation modeling yielded empirical support regarding social competition, but little for social creativity or individual mobility. Identity‐management strategies were related to one organizational outcome (i.e., identification with the organization). The preregistered main study is intended to replicate and extend these findings using a different sample while improving several of the measures used.