bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of Defect Types in SLM Ti-6Al-V4 by X-ray Refraction Topography
Authors: Laquai René , Müller Bernd Randolf , Kasperovich Galina , Requena Guillermo , Haubrich Jan , Bruno Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Porosity in additively manufactured materials, such as laser powder bed fusion Ti-Al6-V4, can play an important role in their mechanical performance. Not only the total porosity but also the shape/morphology of the individual pores need to be considered. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the distributions of different defect types (especially fusing defects and keyhole pores) and their dependence on process parameters. We show that synchrotron X-ray refraction radiography allows analysis of large samples (up to several millimeters) without compromising the detectability of submicrometer defects. Correspondingly, a classification tool is introduced that is able to quantitatively distinguish defects such as keyhole pores and binding defects with a confidence level of 94 %, even when the shape cannot be discerned because of limited spatial resolution.
Science and business: problem of Ukrainian doctor’s choice in the life of the late 19th – early 20th century (the example of Y. Y. Trutovskiy)
Authors: V. A. Alkov 
Published: February 2020

Scientists were interested in the interrelation of material and spiritual in human life since olden times. So, the correlation of science and business in the era of the Russian Empire’s capitalistic development is of great theoretical value. From this point of view the destiny of Kharkiv doctor and local businessman Y. Y. Trutovskiy appears to be of great interest for a researcher.
The article aims to understand what the main interests of the person studied were, analyse his scientific philosophy and accomplishments in the sphere of science and business, outline the main direction of Y. Y. Trutovskiy’s activity. His work as a doctorpsychiatrist, scientist, administrator, and entrepreneur are researched. Special attention is paid to science as sphere where he was talented but did not realise himself. From the point of view of the author, reasons for it are topical even in a contemporary society. Material problems of scientists and people at social service are outlined, low competitiveness of it in the comparison with private business profits is stressed.
Biographical approach is the leading one in this work. It permits to consider the personality of the doctor in complex, and in the historical context. For reconstruction of events and details of Y. Y. Trutovskiy’s life the microhistorical approach has been used as well as the way of dealing with analyzing the history of everyday life, i.e. “history from below”. The work is also based on historical and medical regional studies.
The author comes to the conclusion that Y. Y. Trutovskiy got started as a talented and perspective scientist in the spheres of physiology and neurology but finally chose to be a representative of the layer of successful medical private practitioners, who finally left science and concentrated on his own business, the private mental hospital. In this case, the author touches the problem of values and life choice which is topical for Ukrainian scientists, especially the young ones.
The material of the study can be useful for professional historians and doctors, comprising specialists in the history of science, health and medical history, regional historians who are interested in the problems of the history of everyday life, microhistory, biography, etc., as well as in the upbringing work with students at medical universities.
Bill Clinton, Republican Strategy, and the 1994 Elections: How Midterms Become Referenda on the President
Authors: King James D 
Published: February 2020

The surprising 1994 midterm congressional election gave Republicans control of the House of Representatives for the first time in four decades and offers an opportunity to study the dynamics of a referendum on the president. District-level contextual data on Republicans’ anti-Clinton campaign themes are used to demonstrate the dynamic of creating a presidential referendum in a midterm election. Making President Clinton a focus of the campaign within the constituency decreased the probability of an individual voter casting a ballot for the Democratic congressional candidate, heightened the impact of Clinton’s popularity on individual vote choice; and decreased the aggregate vote percentages for the Democratic candidates. It is unmistakable that highlighting the president’s job performance and his policies at the district level transformed the midterm congressional election into a presidential referendum.
Anti-PD1-Induced Immune-Related Adverse Events and Survival Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Suo Aleksi , Chan Yin , Beaulieu Carissa , Kong Shiying , Cheung Winson Y. , Monzon Jose G. , Smylie Michael , Walker John , Morris Don , Cheng Tina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Objective response rates (ORR) appear to be higher in melanoma patients who develop immune-related adverse events (irAEs), but whether there is a similar association between irAEs and survival remains unknown.

Materials and Methods
Patients with advanced melanoma treated with single-agent pembrolizumab or nivolumab in the province of Alberta from June 2014 to May 2017 were identified through the provincial pharmacy database. Chart review identified and categorized all irAEs that occurred while on anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors. The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) with patients who developed any irAEs versus those who did not. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and ORR.

Results
Among 186 patients, any-grade and grade ≥3 irAEs occurred in 88 (47%) and 27 (15%) patients, respectively; one patient died of pneumonitis. In a landmark analysis excluding patients who died within the first 12 weeks, the median follow-up was 24 months, 20 months in patients without any irAEs and 26 months in patients with irAEs (p = .006). Median OS was 39 versus 23 months (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; p = .001) for any irAE and no irAE, respectively, and median OS not reached versus 29 months for grade ≥3 irAEs and no grade ≥3 irAEs, respectively. In multivariate analysis, elevated lactate dehydrogenase correlated with reduced OS (HR, 2.34; p = .001), whereas each additional cycle of treatment received (HR, 0.94; p &lt; .001) and development of grade ≥3 irAEs (HR, 0.29, p = .024) were significantly associated with longer OS.

Conclusion
Anti-PD-1–associated grade ≥3 irAEs in patients with advanced melanoma is associated with better patient outcomes, including overall survival.

Implications for Practice
Previous prospective randomized clinical trials demonstrate improved response rates in patients with melanoma who develop select adverse events. The current population-based real-world study in advanced melanoma reports an association with anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)–induced grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and better patient outcomes, including overall survival. These results suggest that irAEs may be a manifestation of a patient's ability to mount a systemic immune response from PD-1–directed therapies, which may be associated with therapeutic benefit. The finding of irAEs coinciding with clinical benefit from these therapies supposes that these events are, by and large, unavoidable, and the critical management of irAEs remains essential for optimizing patient outcomes.
Analysis of satisfaction with the accessibility and quality of primary health care for patients with pathology of lower limb arteries
Authors: Pogosyan V A , Mikhaylova D O 
Published: February 2020

Aim. To study the opinion of the population about satisfaction with the accessibility and quality of primary health care for diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities in institutions of the Sverdlovsk region, as well as to identify problems in the organization of its provision.
Methods. From January to June 2019, an anonymous survey of 384 patients with diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities who applied for a consultative appointment with a cardiovascular surgeon at the clinic of the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 was carried out. A representative sample was determined by formulae, in which, out of the general population the number of registered cases of arterial disease of the lower limbs in the Sverdlovsk region, was acceptable. The survey involved 301 (78.4%) men and 83 (21.6%) women.
Results. More than 90% of respondents were over 50 years old. More than 35% of respondents expected a referral for a consultation with a specialist later than 1 month away. The accessibility and timeliness of obtaining specialized medical care were influenced by the geographical remoteness from the regional center. The presence of queues in outpatient clinics at the place of residence, the difficulty in obtaining a coupon for an appointment with a doctor, the inaccessibility of free research, as well as the inconvenient work schedule of specialist doctors were the main reasons for not obtaining medical care. When examined in the clinic at the place of residence, more than half of the respondents used their own money. Just over a third of patients (35.2%) thought that the level of medical care has improved over the past decade, 19.5% thought that it had become worse, 16.4% that it had not changed, and 28.9% found it difficult to answer. About half of the respondents (48.8%) were satisfied with the result of the medical care provided, 11.2% were not satisfied, and 40% of the patients found it difficult to answer.
Conclusion. The shortcomings identified in the organization of outpatient care in medical institutions of the Sverdlovsk region indicate the need to improve primary health care for patients with lower limb arterial disease. Such improvements will achieve the goals and objectives of the National Healthcare project through the development of telemedicine technologies and the development of organizational and functional patient routing models, standard operating procedures for examining more patients with cardiovascular pathology by primary care physicians, and their active introduction into public health practice.
Issues of children with disabilities registered as disabled
Authors: Sadykova D I , Solov’ev N A , Kulakova G A , Kurmayeva E A 
Published: February 2020

Aim. To analyze the medical and social characteristics of children's disability at the stage of primary medical and social care in the polyclinics of Kazan.
Methods. 185 case reports of development of children with disabilities aged 0 to 17 years were analyzed as well as the questionnaires for their parents and 96 case reports of healthy peers of the same age group based on the data from children polyclinics N. 9 and 7 of Kazan. Relative values were calculated to process the results.
Results. The conducted analysis revealed that children with the status of disabled persons were more often born in aged and young mothers, with pathological pregnancy and first birth. In the structure of disability causes, psychiatric disorders and nervous system diseases are prevailing. Disabled children acquire acute diseases more often than their healthy peers that causes additional expanses for the family, including those due to the care for acutely ill child, and requires additional provision with medications. Individual lessons in the rehabilitation of a child with disabilities require additional financial investments from the family budget. We revealed the need for implementation of educational courses for the parents of disabled children due to that every second family did not have specific knowledge and skills of care and rehabilitation, when a child had functional limitations found.
Conclusion. Families with children with disabilities in the status of a disabled child need additional assistance in solving medical and social problems.
Survey and Continuous GNSS in the Vicinity of the July 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquakes
Authors: Floyd Michael , Funning Gareth , Fialko Yuri , Terry Rachel , Herring Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquakes of July 2019 occurred within 34 hr of each other on conjugate strike-slip faults in the Mojave Desert, just north of the central Garlock fault. Here, we present the results of a survey of 18 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) sites conducted in the immediate aftermath of the earthquakes, including five sites that recorded the motion of the second earthquake after having been set up immediately following the first, as well as processed results from continuous GNSS sites throughout the region. Our field work in response to the earthquakes provides additional constraints on the ground displacement due to both earthquakes, complementing data from a spatially sparser network of continuously recording GNSS sites in the area, as well as temporally sparser Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data that were able to capture a combined deformation signal from the two earthquakes.
Formação em Pedagogia: Habilidades e Competências Desenvolvidas na Formação Inicial
Authors: Pasetto Luciane Zamberlan , Boer Noemi 
Published: February 2020

Nesse artigo, têm-se como objetivo analisar aspectos relativos à formação inicial e continuada, bem como habilidades e competências desenvolvidas na trajetória profissional de oito professores dos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de Santa Maria, RS. Busca-se também elucidar a reflexão crítica em relação à formação e atuação docente neste nível de ensino. O aporte teórico está fundamentado, basicamente, em Cavaco, Freire, Marcelo Garcia, Imbernón, Nóvoa e Pimenta. A análise, de natureza qualitativa, examina narrativas temáticas, coletadas em entrevista com os participantes da pesquisa. Para esta finalidade procurou-se nos autores citados, sustentação teórica para a interpretação das narrativas selecionadas. Quanto às habilidades e competências adquiridas no curso de Pedagogia, o estudo mostra a importância dos estágios curriculares e dos projetos de intervenção na correlação teoria e prática, autonomia do professor e o saber planejar. Com relação à formação inicial e continuada dos participantes, as narrativas corroboram o que dizem os autores que fundamentam este estudo de que ambas executam uma interlocução constante, tendo em vista que a formação ocorre ao longo da vida. Portanto, as narrativas da trajetória pessoal de professores se constituem em um valioso material de análise pois, contemplam aspectos importantes da docência e de sua formação. Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Aprendizagem Docente. Professores e Formação Continuada. AbstractIn this article, we aim to analyze aspects related to initial and continuing formation, as well as skills and competencies developed in the professional trajectory of eight teachers of the initial years of elementary School of Santa Maria, RS. It also seeks to elucilist the critical reflection in relation to the education and teaching performance at this level of education. The theoretical contribution is basically based on Cavaco, Freire, Marcelo Garcia, Imbernón, Nóvoa and Pimenta. The analysis, of a qualitative nature, examines thematic narratives, collected in an interview with the research participants. For this purpose, we searched for the authors cited, theoretical support for the interpretation of the selected narratives. As for the skills and competences acquired in the pedagogy course, the study shows the importance of the curricular internships and intervention projects in the theory and practice correlation, teacher autonomy and the knowledge to plan. In relation to the initial and continuing formation of the participants, the narratives corroborate what the authors say that support this study that both perform a constant interlocution, considering that the formation takes place throughout life. Therefore, the narratives of the personal trajectory of teachers constitute a valuable material of analysis because they contemplate important aspects of teaching and their formation. Keywords: Learning Teacher Learning. Teachers and Continuing Education.
A Avaliação como Fio Condutor da Prática Pedagógica
Authors: Pedrochi Junior Osmar , Buriasco Regina Luzia Corio de 
Published: February 2020

A atual perspectiva de avaliação formativa, se preocupa com a formação dos alunos mais do que em dar notas, atuando de forma contínua, preocupando-se com todos os aspectos e todos os envolvidos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, faz da avaliação uma peça chave dentro desse processo, superando a suas funções mais conhecidas de verificar e certificar por meio de notas ou conceitos. Tem-se o objetivo de apresentar uma perspectiva de avaliação que pode conduzir as ações pedagógicas de professores e alunos. Para isso, buscou-se na literatura o sentido da avaliação formativa, por meio de uma pesquisa especulativa baseada em Martineau, Simard e Gauthier (2001) e Van Der Maren (1996), trata-se do conceito de avaliação formativa desde a sua gênese até o que atualmente é discutido na literatura. Por fim, apresenta uma perspectiva de avaliação que tem a função de conduzir todas as práticas em sala de aula. Palavras-chave: Ensino. Avaliação. Avaliação Formativa.AbstractThe perspective of formative assessment, which is concerned with the formation of students rather than grading, acting continuously, worrying about all aspects and everyone involved in the teaching and learning process, makes evaluation a piece key within this process, surpassing its most well-known functions of verifying and certifying through notes or concepts. This article aims to present an evaluation perspective that can lead the pedagogical actions of teachers and students. For this, we sought in the literature the meaning of formative evaluation, through a speculative research based on Martineau, Simard and Gauthier (2001) and Van Der Maren (1996), this article deals with the concept of formative evaluation since its inception. even what is currently discussed in the literature. Finally, it presents an evaluation perspective that has the function of conducting all classroom practices. Keywords: Learn. Assessment . Formative Assessment.
Atribuições da Vida Pessoal de Jovens Adultos Universitários e Interferência no Desempenho Acadêmico
Authors: Correio Evelin Silva de Lima , Gonçalves Josiane Peres 
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo aborda sobre o processo do desenvolvimento humano, destacando as diferentes fases da vida, com a faixa etária e principais características de cada fase, com ênfase para a fase de adulto jovem. Teve como objetivo averiguar as vivências de adultos jovens universitários que passaram, após terem entrado na universidade, por algumas mudanças na vida pessoal, como casamento, paternidade/maternidade e separação, e se essas mudanças influenciaram o desempenho acadêmico. O referencial teórico pauta-se em discussões sobre o processo do desenvolvimento humano, incluindo as diferentes fases da vida, a idade e principais características de cada fase, com ênfase para o período correspondente a adulto jovem (20 a 40 anos de idade). Para a realização da coleta de dados, foi utilizado como instrumento de pesquisa um roteiro semiestruturado, previamente elaborado, que serviu de base para a gravação de entrevistas com seis participantes, sendo quatro mulheres e dois homens que frequentam regularmente cursos de graduação do Campus de Naviraí Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (CPNV/UFMS). Os resultados evidenciam que essas variadas mudanças pessoais, que costumam acontecer na fase do adulto jovem, com diversas responsabilidades e atribuições, não são tarefas fáceis e resultam em grandes interferências para quem deseja estudar e constituir uma carreira profissional. Palavras-chave: Adulto Jovem. Estudantes. Universidade. AbstractThe present study addresses the process of human development, highlighting the different phases of life, with the age range and main characteristics of each phase, with emphasis on the phase of young adult. The objective of this study was to investigate the experiences of university young adults who, after entering university, experienced some changes in their personal lives, such as marriage, parenthood and separation, and whether these changes influenced academic performance. The theoretical framework is based on discussions about the process of human development, including the different stages of life, age and main characteristics of each phase, with emphasis on the period corresponding to young adult (20 to 40 years old). For data collection, a previously elaborated semi-structured script was used as a research instrument, which served as the basis for recording interviews with six participants, four women and two men who regularly attend undergraduate courses at the Naviraí Campus. Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (CPNV / UFMS). The results show that these varied personal changes, which usually happen in the young adult phase, with different responsibilities and attributions, are not easy tasks and result in great interference for those who want to study and constitute a professional career. Keywords: Young Adult. Students. University.
Percepções de Estudantes dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental Sobre Sexualidade/Educação Sexual em uma Escola do RS
Authors: Coelho Caroline Pugliero , Soares Renata Godinho 
Published: February 2020

A educação sexual ainda é um assunto tratado com certo receio pela família e escola, embora sendo muito importante o conhecimento por parte dos jovens, pois é na fase da adolescência onde, geralmente, o indivíduo inicia sua sexualidade e/ou vida sexual. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o conhecimento sobre o tema sexualidade de adolescentes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo de caráter descritivo, desenvolvido em uma escola pública municipal de Alegrete- RS. Participaram da pesquisa 72 alunos matriculados nos anos finais de ensino desta escola. Após a aplicação de um questionário com questões fechadas para levantamento de um diagnóstico inicial. Após a aplicação do instrumento, foram desenvolvidos ciclos de palestras sobre educação sexual e ao final realizado um ranqueamento, elencando qual destas foi mais importante e/ou interessante para cada aluno participante. A partir deste processo, desenvolver instrumentos para trabalhar com o tema em sala de aula, planejando atividades diferenciadas para apresentação, conhecimento e estudo do tema. ao finalizar o trabalho fica a certeza da colaboração para o desenvolvimento do aluno como indivíduo como um todo, visando uma maturidade informativa para enfrentar e experimentar as práticas sexuais de uma maneira saudável, consciente e responsável. Palavras-chave: Sexualidade. Educação. Alunos. AbstractSex education is still a subject treated with some fear by family and school, although knowledge is very important for young people, because it is in the adolescence phase where usually the individual begins his sexuality and / or sex life. The aim of the study was to verify the knowledge about the sexuality theme of adolescents from the final years of elementary school. This is a quantitative descriptive study, developed in a municipal public school in Alegrete-RS. 72 students enrolled in the final years of teaching at this school participated in the research. After applying a questionnaire with closed questions to survey an initial diagnosis. After the application of the instrument, cycles of lectures on sex education were developed and, at the end, a ranking was made, listing which one was more important and / or interesting for each participating student. From this process, develop tools to work with the theme in the classroom, planning differentiated activities for presentation, knowledge and study of the theme. At the end of the work, we are sure of the collaboration for the development of the student as an individual as a whole, aiming at an informative maturity to face and experience sexual practices in a healthy, conscious and responsible way. Keywords: Sexuality. Education. Students.