bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life following minimally invasive totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery
Authors: Huang Ling-chen , Chen Dao-zhong , Chen Liang-wan , Xu Qi-chen , Zheng Zi-he , Dai Xiao-fu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the impact of two different types of mitral valve surgery on health-related quality of life, we conducted a retrospective study comparing modified totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery with median sternotomy mitral valve surgery.MethodsA total of 163 patients who underwent mitral valve surgery at our institution between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 were enrolled. For these 163 patients, mitral valve surgery was performed using either a modified totally endoscopic approach or median sternotomy approach. We used the numerical rating scale and the Scar Cosmesis Assessment and Rating Scale to measure pain intensity and the aesthetic appearance of the surgical incision and used the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey to assess health-related quality of life.ResultsSeventy-eight patients underwent the modified totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery, and eighty-five patients underwent the median sternotomy mitral valve surgery. The two groups of patients were similar in terms of demographics and echocardiography findings. The number of bioprosthetic valve replacements performed was significantly higher in the totally endoscopic group than in the median sternotomy group (p = 0.04), whereas the subvalvular apparatus was less preserved in only 33 cases in the totally endoscopic group (p = 0.01). The rate of postoperative adverse events was similar between the two groups. The pain was mild and aesthetic appearance was significantly better in the totally endoscopic approach group than in the sternotomy approach group. Significant differences in the scores for the bodily pain and mental health subscales of the MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey were found between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared with median sternotomy mitral valve surgery, totally endoscopic mitral valve surgery has an equally good treatment effect, improving patient’s health-related quality of life with a better cosmetic appearance and a lower pain intensity. Our study suggested that the totally endoscopic approach is superior to the median sternotomy approach in terms of pain intensity, aesthetic appearance and health-related quality of life.
Cardiac injury associated with severe disease or ICU admission and death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Li Xinye , Pan Xiandu , Li Yanda , An Na , Xing Yanfen , Yang Fan , Tian Li , Sun Jiahao , Gao Yonghong , Shang Hongcai , Xing Yanwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiac injury is now a common complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but it remains unclear whether cardiac injury-related biomarkers can be independent predictors of mortality and severe disease development or intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods
Two investigators searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, MedRxiv, and ChinaXiv databases for articles published through March 30, 2020. Retrospective studies assessing the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and levels of troponin I (TnI) and other cardiac injury biomarkers (creatine kinase [CK], CK myocardial band [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were included. The data were extracted independently by two investigators.

Results
The analysis included 23 studies with 4631 total individuals. The proportions of severe disease, ICU admission, or death among patients with non-elevated TnI (or troponin T [TnT]), and those with elevated TnI (or TnT) were 12.0% and 64.5%, 11.8% and 56.0%, and 8.2% and. 59.3%, respectively. Patients with elevated TnI levels had significantly higher risks of severe disease, ICU admission, and death (RR 5.57, 95% CI 3.04 to 10.22, P < 0.001; RR 6.20, 95% CI 2.52 to 15.29, P < 0.001; RR 5.64, 95% CI 2.69 to 11.83, P < 0.001). Patients with an elevated CK level were at significantly increased risk of severe disease or ICU admission (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.61, P < 0.001). Patients with elevated CK-MB levels were at a higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 3.24, 95% CI 1.66 to 6.34, P = 0.001). Patients with newly occurring arrhythmias were at higher risk of developing severe disease or requiring ICU admission (RR 13.09, 95% CI 7.00 to 24.47, P < 0.001). An elevated IL-6 level was associated with a higher risk of developing severe disease, requiring ICU admission, or death.

Conclusions
COVID-19 patients with elevated TnI levels are at significantly higher risk of severe disease, ICU admission, and death. Elevated CK, CK-MB, LDH, and IL-6 levels and emerging arrhythmia are associated with the development of severe disease and need for ICU admission, and the mortality is significantly higher in patients with elevated LDH and IL-6 levels.

Graphical abstract
A novel temporal identity window generates alternating Eve+/Nkx6+ motor neuron subtypes in a single progenitor lineage
Authors: Seroka Austin , Yazejian Rita M. , Lai Sen-Lin , Doe Chris Q. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Spatial patterning specifies neural progenitor identity, with further diversity generated by temporal patterning within individual progenitor lineages. In vertebrates, these mechanisms generate “cardinal classes” of neurons that share a transcription factor identity and common morphology. In Drosophila, two cardinal classes are Even-skipped (Eve)+ motor neurons projecting to dorsal longitudinal muscles, and Nkx6+ motor neurons projecting to ventral oblique muscles. Cross-repressive interactions prevent stable double-positive motor neurons. The Drosophila neuroblast 7–1 (NB7–1) lineage uses a temporal transcription factor cascade to generate five distinct Eve+ motor neurons; the origin and development of Nkx6+ motor neurons remains unclear.

Methods
We use a neuroblast specific Gal4 line, sparse labelling and molecular markers to identify an Nkx6+ VO motor neuron produced by the NB7–1 lineage. We use lineage analysis to birth-date the VO motor neuron to the Kr+ Pdm+ neuroblast temporal identity window. We use gain- and loss-of-function strategies to test the role of Kr+ Pdm+ temporal identity and the Nkx6 transcription factor in specifying VO neuron identity.

Results
Lineage analysis identifies an Nkx6+ neuron born from the Kr+ Pdm+ temporal identity window in the NB7–1 lineage, resulting in alternation of cardinal motor neuron subtypes within this lineage (Eve>Nkx6 > Eve). Co-overexpression of Kr/Pdm generates ectopic VO motor neurons within the NB7–1 lineage – the first evidence that this TTF combination specifies neuronal identity. Moreover, the Kr/Pdm combination promotes Nkx6 expression, which itself is necessary and sufficient for motor neuron targeting to ventral oblique muscles, thereby revealing a molecular specification pathway from temporal patterning to cardinal transcription factor expression to motor neuron target selection.

Conclusions
We show that one neuroblast lineage generates interleaved cardinal motor neurons fates; that the Kr/Pdm TTFs form a novel temporal identity window that promotes expression of Nkx6; and that the Kr/Pdm > Nkx6 pathway is necessary and sufficient to promote VO motor neuron targeting to the correct ventral muscle group.
Correlation of positron emission tomography ventilation-perfusion matching with CT densitometry in severe emphysema
Authors: Bonney Asha , Wagner Carrie-Anne , Siva Shankar , Callahan Jason , Le Roux Pierre-Yves , Pascoe Diane M. , Irving Louis , Hofman Michael S. , Steinfort Daniel P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Emphysema severity is frequently measured on CT via densitometry. Correlation with scintigraphic and spirometric functional measures of ventilation or perfusion varies widely, and no prior study has evaluated correlation between densitometry and lobar ventilation/perfusion in patients with severe emphysema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and findings of gallium-68 (68Ga) ventilation/perfusion positron emission tomography-CT (68Ga-VQ/PET-CT) in severe emphysema assessment.

Methods
Fourteen consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction between March 2015 and March 2018 underwent 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT assessment for lobar functional lung mapping, in addition to CT densitometry. Correlations between CT densitometry and 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT parameters for individual lobar lung function were sought.

Results
CT densitometry assessment of emphysema correlated only weakly (R2 = 0.13) with lobar perfusion and was not correlated with ventilation (R2 = 0.04). Densitometry was moderately (R2 = 0.67) correlated with V/Q units in upper lobes, though poorly reflected physiological function in lower lobes (R2 = 0.19). Emphysema severity, as measured by CT densitometry, was moderately correlated with proportion of normal V/Q units and matched V/Q defects in individual lobes.

Conclusions
Assessment of lobar pulmonary function by 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT provides physiologic information not evident on CT densitometry such as ventilation and perfusion specifics and matched defects. Further research is needed to see if the discordant findings on 68Ga-VQ/PET-CT provide prognostic information or can be used to modify patient management and improve outcomes.
Critical steps to tumor metastasis: alterations of tumor microenvironment and extracellular matrix in the formation of pre-metastatic and metastatic niche
Authors: Zhuyan Jianan , Chen Mingyu , Zhu Tianhao , Bao Xunxia , Zhen Timing , Xing Kaichen , Wang Qiubo , Zhu Sibo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor decades, cancer metastasis has been a heated topic for its high mortality. Previous research has shown that pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche are the 2 crucial steps in cancer metastasis, assisting cancerous cells’ infiltration, survival, and colonization at target sites. More recent studies have unraveled details about the specific mechanisms related to the modification of pro-invasion environments. Here, we will review literatures on extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, general cancer metastasis, organ specificity, pre-metastatic niche, metastatic niche, colony formation and impact on the course of metastasis. Respectively, the metastatic mechanisms like effect of hypoxia or inflammation on pre-metastatic niche construction, as well as the interaction between cancer cells and local milieu will be discussed. Based on the evidences of metastatic niches, we revisit and discussed the “Seed and Soil” hypothesis by Paget. This review will seek to provide insight into the mechanism of metastatic organ specificity which pre-metastatic niche and metastatic niche might suggest from an evolutionary aspect.
Safety and tolerability evaluation after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white rabbits
Authors: Baiza-Durán Leopoldo , Sánchez-Ríos Alejandra , González-Barón Joel , Olvera-Montaño Oscar , Correa-Gallegos Elba , Navarro-Sánchez Andrea , Muñoz-Villegas Patricia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the retinal toxicity after repeated intravitreal injections of a humanized anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody (PRO-169) versus ranibizumab in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbit eyes.

Methods
NZW rabbits were injected intravitreally with PRO-169 (n = 12), 1.25 mg/0.05 ml or ranibizumab (n = 12), 0.5 mg/0.05 ml into the right eye (OD), whereas the left eye (OS) of each rabbit was used as control. Three consecutive injections were administered at 30-days intervals. An electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded 30 days after each injection. Clinical examination was conducted before and after injections, including intraocular pressure determination and eye fundus exploration. Eyes were enucleated and retina, cornea, conjunctiva, ciliary body and optic nerve were prepared for histopathology assessment.

Results
ERG of the experimental and control eyes in PRO-169 and ranibizumab groups were similar in amplitude and pattern throughout the follow-up period. Clinical examination found no alterations of intraocular pressure (IOP). No retinal damage was observed in both, the experimental and control eyes, of all the rabbits. The histopathologic studies showed similar results in both groups, showing no signs of structural damage.

Conclusions
Our study did not find evidence of retinal toxicity from a repeated intravitreal injection of PRO-169 or ranibizumab (Lucentis®) in NZW rabbits. These findings support intravitreal PRO-169 as a safe candidate to develop as a future alternative for the treatment of retinal neovascularization diseases.
Comparative toxicity of new insecticides generations against tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta and their biochemical effects on tomato plants
Authors: Kandil Mohamed Abdel-Hady , Sammour Elham Ahmed , Abdel-Aziz Nahed Fawzy , Agamy Essam Abd El Maguied , El-Bakry Ahmed Mohamed , Abdelmaksoud Nasr Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The physico-chemical properties along with the insecticidal potency of seven non-traditional insecticides from different classes compared with three conventional insecticides were assessed versus Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) below laboratory and field conditions.

Results
All non-conventional insecticides passed the physico-chemical properties except Actra (thiamethoxam) which failed in pH test. Moreover, all conventional insecticide failed these characteristics. The laboratory assessment of the examined insecticides demonstrated that Emperor (Emamectin benzoate) and Coragen (Chlorantraniliprole) were the most superior (LC50 = 0.26 and 0.46 mg L−1, respectively), followed by Radiant (Spinetoram), Vapcomic (Abamectin), and Challenger (Chlorfenapyr) (LC50 = 0.59, 0.60, and 24.07 mg L−1, respectively). Accordingly, these most potent insecticides were evaluated under field circumstances. The levels of insect infestation reduced by 98.74 and 95.51% after 7 days of spraying for the most effective insecticides, Emperor and Coragen, respectively, while the other examined insecticides were at par with one another. Concerning the biochemical effects of the most potent insecticides on tomato plants, all treatments induced promising effect on the photosynthetic pigments. In addition, they significantly minimized the activity of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The most potent biochemical effects were ascribed to Emperor and Coragen insecticides. These two insecticides proved again the maximum total and marketable yields. Moreover, Challenger, Radiant, and Vapcomic revealed minor differences with Emperor and Coragen of the efficiency and marketable yield.

Conclusions
The results proved that the examined insecticides, Challenger, Radiant, Vapcomic, especially, Emperor and Coragen can be successfully used in the IPM tactic against T. absoluta insect.
Bridging therapy is associated with improved cognitive function after large vessel occlusion stroke – an analysis of the German Stroke Registry
Authors: Ettelt Philipp , Maier Ilko L. , Schnieder Marlena , Bähr Mathias , Behme Daniel , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Liman Jan ,   on behalf of the GSR-ET Collaborators
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The targeted use of endovascular therapy (EVT), with or without intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute large cerebral vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) has been proven to be superior compared to IVT alone. Despite favorable functional outcome, many patients complain about cognitive decline after EVT. If IVT in addition to EVT has positive effects on cognitive function is unclear.

Methods
We analyzed data from the German Stroke Registry (GSR, an open, multicenter and prospective observational study) and compared cognitive function 90 days after index ischemic stroke using MoCA in patients with independent (mRS ≤ 2 pts) and excellent (mRS = 0 pts) functional outcome receiving combined EVT and IVT (EVT + IVT) vs. EVT alone (EVT-IVT).

Results
Of the 2636 GSR patients, we included 166 patients with mRS ≤ 2 at 90 days in our analysis. Of these, 103 patients (62%) received EVT + IVT, 63 patients (38%) were treated with EVT alone. There was no difference in reperfusion status between groups (mTICI ≥ 2b in both groups at 95%, p = 0.65). Median MoCA score in the EVT + IVT group was 20 pts. (18–25 IQR) vs. 18 pts. (16–21 IQR) in the EVT-IVT group (p = 0.014). There were more patients with cognitive impairment (defined as MoCA < 26 pts) in the EVT-IVT group (54 patients (86%)) compared to the EVT + IVT group (78 patients (76%)). EVT + IVT was associated with a higher MoCA score at 90 days (mRS ≤ 2: p = 0.033, B = 2.39; mRS = 0: p = 0.021, B = 4.38).

Conclusions
In Patients with good functional outcome after LVOS, rates of cognitive impairment are lower with combined EVT and IVT compared to EVT alone.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356392.
Recent advances in non-invasive diagnosis and medical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adult
Authors: Paul Jayanta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Number of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases is increasing over time due to alteration of food habit, increase incidence of metabolic syndrome, and lack of exercise. Liver biopsy is the test for diagnosis and staging of NAFLD, but nowadays several biochemical markers, scoring systems, and imaging studies are available to diagnose and stage NAFLD which is linked to end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular cancer, and elevated cardiovascular- and cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore urgent diagnosis and management are required to avoid complications related to NAFLD. This review summarizes recent advances in diagnosis and medical management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Main text
Recently published studies from PubMed, Red Cross, Copernicus, and also various previous studies were reviewed. We have discussed various non-invasive methods for detection of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic fibrosis. Non pharmacological therapies for NAFLD, indications, and approved medications for NAFLD and other commonly used non-approved medications have been discussed in this review article.

Conclusions
Multiple non-invasive tests are available for diagnosis of NAFLD, and its different stages however gold standard test is liver biopsy. NALFD without NASH and significant fibrosis is treated by lifestyle modifications which include moderate to vigorous exercise and diet modification. To improve hepatic steatosis, minimum of 3–5% of body weight loss is necessary, but > 7–10% weight reductions is required for histological improvement in NASH and fibrosis. Pharmacotherapy is indicated when patient is having NASH with significant fibrosis.
A comparative study on the efficacy of brinzolamide/timolol versus brinzolamide/brimonidine fixed drug combinations in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Padala Sudeepthi , Sripada Ramam , Gundabattula Srivalli Bhaskari Padmavathi , Tadi Krishna Jyothi , Nallamothula Prabhakar Rao , Raveshi Farzaneh , Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To compare the efficacy of brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% fixed drug combination (BTFC) with brinzolamide 1%/brimonidine 0.2% fixed drug combination (BBFC) among the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Results
The treatment with BTFC in the Group A subjects showed a significant decrease in the intraocular pressure (p = 0.0355*) and a significant increase in the central corneal thickness (p = 0.0087*). Similarly, in the Group B subjects, the treatment with BBFC showed a significant decrease in the intraocular pressure (p = 0.0327*) and a significant increase in the central corneal thickness (p = 0.0227*). In the process of comparing both the fixed drug combinations, there was no significant difference observed in the aspect of efficacy between both the groups in the decrease of intraocular pressure (p = 0.7100) and in the increase of central corneal thickness (p = 0.4077).

Conclusion
Both the fixed drug combinations almost showed a similar efficacy in treating the respective groups, and there is no significant difference observed in the aspect of efficacy between both the fixed drug combinations in decreasing the intraocular pressure and in increasing the central corneal thickness.
LITERATURA JUVENIL BRASILEIRA E INTERTEXTUALIDADE: O JOVEM E SEUS ENCONTROS COM LEITURAS OUTRAS
Authors: Iguma Andréia De Oliveira Alencar , Gama-Khalil Marisa Martins 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo, escrito a quatro mãos – orientanda e orientadora, nasce a partir de reflexões tecidas em uma pesquisa de doutoramento (fase de conclusão) que tem como objetivo analisar as representações dos jovens protagonistas das obras premiadas pela FNLIJ (2000 a 2017). Para este momento, afunilaremos nossos olhares em dois pontos específicos: focalizar acerca da literatura entendida como juvenil e analisar especificamente a contribuição das alusões intertextuais presentes na narrativa O fazedor de velhos (2008), do escritor Rodrigo Lacerda. Para tanto, nos apoiaremos em alguns estudiosos que têm contribuído com a consolidação da LJ enquanto sistema, sendo eles, Ceccantini (2010), Ramos (2016), Navas (2016), e a fim de pensar a intertextualidade partiremos da noção de dialogismo de Bakhtin (1997) e do conceito intertextualidade cunhado por Kristeva (1974).
Chemical composition and biological evaluation of essential oils from some Moroccan plants
Authors: Douhri Badia , Raissouni Ihssane , Amajoud Nadia , Farah Abdellah , Skali Senhaji Nadia , Abrini Jamal , Douhri Hikmat 
Published: July 2020

<p class="Mabstract">This study describes the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of the Moroccan plants <em>Thymbra capitata</em> (L.) Cav. and <em>Origanum elongatum</em> (Bonnet) Emb. &amp; Maire on biofilms of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> strains. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the two essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined by the broth microdilution method. The results showed that essential oils of <em>Thymbra capitata</em> and <em>Origanum elongatum</em> inhibit biofilm formation in biofilm inhibitory concentrations (0.5 and 2% v/v) and eradicate biofilm at biofilm eradication concentrations (1 and&gt; 4% v/v), specific to each essential oil. Values were twofold or fourfold higher than the concentration required to inhibit or eradicate planktonic bacteria growth. The use of essential oils of <em>Thymbra capitata</em> and <em>Origanum elongatum</em> as natural antimicrobial agents may effectively inhibit the growth of biofilms of medical relevance. Results indicated that essential oils of <em>Thymbra capitata</em> and <em>Origanum elongatum</em> might be a potential alternative against Staphylococcus resistant strains.</p>