bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The microbiology of necrotizing pancreatitis and its impact on in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality
Authors: Biberci Keskin Elmas , Okay Gülay , Muhiddin Duygu , Sharif Rasul , Taşlidere Bahadir , Şentürk Hakan 
Published: February 2020

Background/objectives:
The data regarding the microbial spectrum in necrotizing pancreatitis and its impact on mortality is limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the agents identified in cultures and their impact on in-hospital and 1-year all-cause mortality.

Methods:
Patients with necrotizing pancreatitis were retrospectively included in the study. Based on culture results, patients were classified as either negative culture or positive culture necrotizing acute pancreatitis. The main outcomes of the study were the identification of agents isolated in patients with pancreatic necrosis and to assess in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality according to culture results.

Results:
In total, 109 patients of whom 33 had positive cultures were included in the study. Most positive cultures were polymicrobial (66%) with a marked gram-negative bacterial dominance (63%). Klebsiella spp. were the most common identified pathogens. The patients a with positive culture had worse outcomes in terms of in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality compared to patients with sterile culture results (n = 9, 27.3% vs. n = 4, 5.3%, P < 0.01 for in-hospital mortality; n = 11, 33.3% vs. n = 5, 6.6%, P < 0.01 for 30-day mortality; and n = 14, 42.4% vs. n = 10, 13.2%, P < 0.01 for 1-year mortality).

Conclusion:
When a microorganism was identified in patients with necrotizing acute pancreatitis, it was mostly polymicrobial in etiology with a gram-negative bacterial dominance. In our cohort, Klebsiella spp. were the most common isolated organisms. Especially the patients with polymicrobial etiology showed a very poor outcome both in-hospital and in the long-term. Local hospital flora may have an impact on culture results.
Dual Diagnosis and Application Problems in the Use of the Construct
Authors: Iudici Antonio , Girolimetto Riccardo , Volponi Giulia , Eletto Alba 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dual diagnosis (DD) commonly identifies a condition of co-occurrence of substance use disorders and psychological or psychiatric disorders. Many scholars have tried to explain this phenomenon, yet no agreement has been found: methodologies of intervention and treatment are numerous, but there is no uniformity of methodology. Our work aims to search critical aspects linked to this fragmented framework, to facilitate those who use the construct of DD. We have elaborated a literary review focused on specific critical contributions to the theoretical and methodological complexity of the construct. Scopus, PubMed, and Scholar were used as search engines. Our research reveals significant problems around several thematic areas: Defining, Operative and Treatment; Economic and Policy; Pharmacological Approach; and Patients' Perspectives Issues. Consistent issues are discussed with regard to DD: innovation should start from its limits. Future research should look for alternative theoretical formulations and consequent intervention experiences to provide new perspectives.
Emotional Intelligence and Critical Thinking in Nursing Students
Authors: Christianson Krista L. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Emotional intelligence (EI) and critical thinking (CT) are positive attributes for nursing students throughout their nursing education and in future professional practice.

Purpose
The purpose was to review the literature investigating both EI and CT in prelicensure nursing students.

Methods
A systematic literature search of original research articles published between 2003 and 2018 was conducted using electronic databases. Emerging themes were identified using integrative review methodological strategies.

Results
Three themes emerged: (1) EI and CT are interdependent; (2) EI and CT are critical for success in nursing education; and (3) nursing education should enhance EI and CT. Findings are mixed regarding the usefulness of screening applicants for EI prior to admission.

Conclusions
Developing EI and CT skills in nursing students deserves thoughtful consideration. Further research is warranted regarding integrating strategies to enhance EI and CT skills as well as adopting EI as an adjunct admissions criterion for entrance into a prelicensure program.
Chest CT Findings in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Its Relationship With Clinical Features
Authors: Wu Jiong , Wu Xiaojia , Zeng Wenbing , Guo Dajing , Fang Zheng , Chen Linli , Huang Huizhe , Li Chuanming 
Published: February 2020

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to evaluate its relationship with clinical features.

Materials and Methods
Study sample consisted of 80 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 from January to February 2020. The chest CT images and clinical data were reviewed, and the relationship between them was analyzed.

Results
Totally, 80 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were included. With regards to the clinical manifestations, 58 (73%) of the 80 patients had cough, and 61 (76%) of the 80 patients had high temperature levels. The most frequent CT abnormalities observed were ground glass opacity (73/80 cases, 91%), consolidation (50/80 cases, 63%), and interlobular septal thickening (47/80, 59%). Most of the lesions were multiple, with an average of 12 ± 6 lung segments involved. The most common involved lung segments were the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe (69/80, 86%), the posterior basal segment of the right lower lobe (68/80, 85%), the lateral basal segment of the right lower lobe (64/80, 80%), the dorsal segment of the left lower lobe (61/80, 76%), and the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe (65/80, 81%). The average pulmonary inflammation index value was (34% ± 20%) for all the patients. Correlation analysis showed that the pulmonary inflammation index value was significantly correlated with the values of lymphocyte count, monocyte count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, days from illness onset, and body temperature (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The common chest CT findings of COVID-19 are multiple ground glass opacity, consolidation, and interlobular septal thickening in both lungs, which are mostly distributed under the pleura. There are significant correlations between the degree of pulmonary inflammation and the main clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of this emerging global health emergency.
Assessing the Complex Causes of Kidney Allograft Loss
Authors: Van Loon Elisabet , Senev Aleksandar , Lerut Evelyne , Coemans Maarten , Callemeyn Jasper , Van Keer Jan M. , Daniëls Liesbeth , Kuypers Dirk , Sprangers Ben , Emonds Marie-Paule , Naesens Maarten 
Published: February 2020

Background.
Although graft loss is a primary endpoint in many studies in kidney transplantation and a broad spectrum of risk factors has been identified, the eventual causes of graft failure in individual cases remain ill studied.

Methods.
We performed a single-center cohort study in 1000 renal allograft recipients, transplanted between March 2004 and February 2013.

Results.
In total, 365 graft losses (36.5%) were identified, of which 211 (57.8%) were due to recipient death with a functioning graft and 154 (42.2%) to graft failure defined as return to dialysis or retransplantation. The main causes of recipient death were malignancy, infections, and cardiovascular disease. The main causes of graft failure were distinct for early failures, where structural issues and primary nonfunction prevailed, compared to later failures with a shift towards chronic injury. In contrast to the main focus of current research efforts, pure alloimmune causes accounted for only 17.5% of graft failures and only 7.4% of overall graft losses, although 72.7% of cases with chronic injury as presumed reason for graft failure had prior rejection episodes, potentially suggesting that alloimmune phenomena contributed to the chronic injury.

Conclusions.
In conclusion, this study provides better insight in the eventual causes of graft failure, and their relative contribution, highlighting the weight of nonimmune causes. Future efforts aimed to improve outcome after kidney transplantation should align with the relative weight and expected impact of targeting these causes.
Pollutants in Hong Kong Soils: Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Authors: Chung M.K. , Hu R. , Cheung K.C. , Wong M.H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in 138 soil samples collected in Hong Kong. Results showed that within the selected OCPs, only DDT and its metabolites (DDD and DDE) were frequently detected. Of 138 soil samples, 18% were non-detected for any DDT residues, while 25% were contaminated sporadically with DDT only (non-detected to 1090 µg kg−1) and 57% contained various combinations of DDT, DDD and DDE (2.03 to 1118 µg kg−1). In contrast, total PCBs (∑66 congeners) contamination was distributed more evenly (0.22 to 154 µg kg−1) than DDTs, but serious contamination was found in industrial areas and soils collected near highways. Concentrations of 7 indicator PCBs ranged between non-detected to 34.5 µg kg−1. The ratios of DDT/metabolites were typically greater than 1, thus suggesting recent application of DDT. Medium-range deposition from industrial areas within as well as away from the city is also suspected to be the origins of DDTs and PCBs found in Hong Kong soils. The concentrations of DDTs and PCBs in all soil samples did not exceed the recommended values in soil quality guidelines except 3 samples for DDT from locations far away from densely populated districts such as Tuen Mun and Tin Shui Wai. Therefore, DDTs and PCBs were not of significant concern in terms of their impacts on public health and environment.
Clinical characteristics of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Qie Shuyan , Liu Zongjan , Ren Jizhen , Xi Jianing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to summarize reliable evidences of evidence-based medicine for the treatment and prevention of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing all the published studies on the clinical characteristics of patients with 2019-nCoV.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases were searched. Several studies on the clinical characteristics of 2019-nCoV infection were collected for Meta-analysis.ResultsTen studies were included in Meta-analysis, including a total number of 50466 patients with 2019-nCoV infection. Meta-analysis shows that, among these patients, the incidence of fever was 89.1%, the incidence of cough was 72.2%, and the incidence of muscle soreness or fatigue was 42.5%. The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was 14.8%, the incidence of abnormal chest computer tomography (CT) was 96.6%, the percentage of severe cases in all infected cases was 18.1%, and the case fatality rate of patients with 2019-nCoV infection was 4.3%.ConclusionFever and cough are the most common symptoms in patients with 2019-nCoV infection, and most of these patients have abnormal chest CT examination. Several people have muscle soreness or fatigue as well as ARDS. Diarrhea, hemoptysis, headache, sore throat, shock, and other symptoms only occur in a small number of patients. The case fatality rate of patients with 2019-nCoV infection is lower than that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS).
Correlation between renal function and peripapillary choroidal thickness in treatment naïve diabetic eyes using SS-OCT
Authors: Liu Sen , Wang Wei , Tan Yan , He Miao , Wang Lanhua , Li Yuting , Huang Wenyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and peripapillary choroidal thickness (pCT) and retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness in diabetic patients by using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).MethodsOcular treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus registered in the community health system in Guangzhou, China were recruited to participate in this prospective cross-sectional study. The eGFR was determined using the Xiangya formula, and the renal function was categorized into non-chronic kidney disease (non-CKD), mild CKD, and moderate to severe CKD (MS-CKD) according to the guidelines. The pCT and pRNFL thicknesses at 12 o’clock were obtained using a SS-OCT by a circular scan with a diameter of 3.4 mm centring on the optic nerve head, and the data from only one eye in each patient were used.ResultsThis study included 1,408 diabetic patients, with a mean age of 64.4±7.8 years. The average pCT decreased with renal function deterioration, with 126.0 μm ± 58.0 μm for non-CKD, 112.0 μm ± 51.2 μm for mild CKD and 71.0μm ± 22.9 μm for MS-CKD, respectively (P<0.001). The pCT was found to be significantly thinner in CKD patients in all quadrantes (P < 0.05 in all regions) with the exception of the inferior quadrant, and the average pCT was positively correlated with eGFR (β = 0.3, 95%CI = 0.0 to 0.6, p = 0.021) after making adjustments for other factors. The pRNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant was significantly reduced in patients with CKD, and pRNFL thickness was positively correlated with eGFR (β = 0.1, 95%CI = 0.0-0.2, p = 0.009) after adjusting for other factors.ConclusionImpaired renal function was associated with a reduction of pCT and pRNFL thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes. The measurement of pCT and pRNFL may provide additional information for predicting renal impairment.
Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study: rationale, design, methodology and baseline data
Authors: Wang Wei , He Miao , Gong Xia , Wang Lanhua , Meng Jie , Li Yuting , Xiong Kun , Li Wangting , Huang Wenyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeThe incidence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in southern China remains unclear. This project aims to explore the onset and progression of DR and their determinants through a prospective cohort in South China.MethodsThe Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study (GDES) recruited patients with type 2 diabetic patients registered in the community health centres in Guangzhou, China. Patients with history of ocular treatment, severe refractive opacity, or other systemic diseases were excluded. Comprehensive examinations were performed including visual acuity, refraction, ocular biometry, fundus imaging, blood and urine tests. The biological samples were collected for further study.ResultsA total of 2305 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. In total, 14.58% of the participants had any DR and 4.25% had vision-threatening DR (VTDR), among which 76 (3.30%), 197 (8.55%), 45 (1.95%) and 17 (0.74%) were classified as mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and PDR, respectively. There were 93 (4.03%) patients of diabetic macular edema (DME). The presence of any DR was independently associated with a longer duration of DM, higher degree of HbA1C, insulin treatment, higher average arterial pressure, higher concentration of serum creatinine, presence of urinary microalbumin, older age, and lower BMI (all P <0.001). For VTDR, 7 factors were significant: older age, a longer duration of DM, higher concentration of HbA1c, use of insulin, lower BMI, higher concentration of serum creatinine, and high albuminuria (all P<0.05). These factors were also independently associated with DME (all P <0.001).ConclusionsThe GDES is the first large-scale prospective cohort study of the diabetic population in southern urban China, which will help to identify newer imaging and genetic biomarkers for DR in this population.
Macular vessel density in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Xie Naiqiang , Tan Yan , Liu Sen , Xie Yining , Shuai Shaoshuai , Wang Wei , Huang Wenyong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposePrevious studies on the association between macular vessel density (VD) and diabetic retinopathy had conflicting conclusions. This study assessed the alterations of macular VD, as well as other factors, in diabetic patients using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in a large-scale sample from Chinese communities.MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes without history of ocular treatment were recruited from 2017 to 2018. The average and quadrant parafoveal vessel density (PVD) were obtained with a commercial SS-OCTA device (Triton, Topcan, Japan). Univariate and multivariate linear regression was used to analyse the correlation of PVD with diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), HbA1c, and other factors.ResultsA total of 919 patients were included in the final statistical analysis. After adjusting for other confounding factors, the DR patients had significantly lower average PVD (β= −1.062, 95% CI = −1.424 to −0.699, P < 0.001) in comparison with those without DR. In addition, the patients with mild DR or vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) also had significantly lower PVD (P < 0.001 for mild DR, and P = 0.008 for VTDR) compared with those without DR. Age and HbA1c were also significantly related to PVD measurements, as shown by multivariable linear regression. Participants with DME had a significantly lower average PVD and temporal PVD than those without DME (P < 0.05).ConclusionsReduced PVD was independently associated with more severe DR, older age, higher HbA1c level, and the presence of DME. These findings provide manifest evidence to suggest that macular vessel alterations play a role in the pathogenesis of DR.
Comparative study of the lymphocyte change between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia cases suggesting uncontrolled inflammation might not be the main reason of tissue injury
Authors: Zheng Yishan , Huang Zhen , Yin Guoping , Zhang Xia , Ye Wei , Hu Zhiliang , Hu Chunmei , Wei Hongxia , Zeng Yi , Chi Yun , Cheng Cong , Lin Feishen , Lu Hu , Xiao Lingyan , Song Yan , Wang Chunming , Yi Yongxiang , Dong Lei 
Published: February 2020

Disclaimer statementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript because the statistical methods in our manuscript need to be modified and we are going to improve the statistical methods and try to give more precise model. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
SARS-CoV-2 infection does not significantly cause acute renal injury: an analysis of 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single hospital, Wuhan, China
Authors: Wang Luwen , Li Xun , Chen Hui , Yan Shaonan , Li Yan , Li Dong , Gong Zuojiong 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundWhether the patients with COVID-19 infected by SARS-CoV-2 would commonly develop acute renal function damage is a problem worthy of clinical attention. This study aimed to explore the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on renal function through analyzing the clinical data of 116 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients.Methods116 hospitalized COVID-19-confirmed patients enrolled in this study were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 14 to February 13, 2020. The recorded information includes demographic data, medical history, contact history, potential comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory test results, chest computer tomography (CT) scans, and treatment measures. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 53 urine sediments of enrolled patients was examined by real-time RT-PCR.Findings12 (10.8%) and 8 (7.2%) patients showed mild elevation of blood urea nitrogen or creatinine, and trace or 1+ albuminuria respectively in 111 COVID-19-confirmed patients without basic kidney disease. In addition, 5 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) were undergone regular continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were confirmed infection of SARS-CoV-2, and diagnosed as COVID-19. Beside the treatment of COVID-19, CRRT was also applied three times weekly. The course of treatment, the renal function indicators showed stable, without exacerbation of CRF, and pulmonary inflammation was gradually absorbed. All 5 patients with CRF were survived. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine sediments was positive only in 3 patients from 48 cases without renal illness before, and one patient had a positive for SARS-CoV-2 ORF 1ab from 5 cases with CRF.InterpretationAcute renal impairment was uncommon in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection does not significantly cause obvious acute renal injury, or aggravate CRF in the COVID-19 patients.
Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 epidemic in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Huang Yeen , Zhao Ning 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundChina has been severely affected by COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) since December, 2019. This study aimed to assess the population mental health burden during the epidemic, and to explore the potential influence factors.MethodsUsing a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Center for Epidemiology Scale for Depression (CES-D), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Logistic regressions were used to identify influence factors associated with mental health problem.ResultsOf the total sample analyzed, the overall prevalence of GAD, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. Young people reported a higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than older people (P<0.001). Compared with other occupational group, healthcare workers have the highest rate of poor sleep quality (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and times to focus on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were associated with poor sleep quality.ConclusionsOur study identified a major mental health burden of the public during COVID-19 epidemic in China. Young people, people who spent too much time on the epidemic, and healthcare workers were at high risk for mental illness. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide.