bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthotopic Bone Regeneration within 3D Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds with Region‐Dependent Porosity Gradients in an Equine Model
Authors: Diloksumpan Paweena , Bolaños Rafael Vindas , Cokelaere Stefan , Pouran Behdad , de Grauw Janny , van Rijen Mattie , van Weeren René , Levato Riccardo , Malda Jos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe clinical translation of three‐dimensionally printed bioceramic scaffolds with tailored architectures holds great promise toward the regeneration of bone to heal critical‐size defects. Herein, the long‐term in vivo performance of printed hydrogel‐ceramic composites made of methacrylated‐oligocaprolactone‐poloxamer and low‐temperature self‐setting calcium‐phosphates is assessed in a large animal model. Scaffolds printed with different internal architectures, displaying either a designed porosity gradient or a constant pore distribution, are implanted in equine tuber coxae critical size defects. Bone ingrowth is challenged and facilitated only from one direction via encasing the bioceramic in a polycaprolactone shell. After 7 months, total new bone volume and scaffold degradation are significantly greater in structures with constant porosity. Interestingly, gradient scaffolds show lower extent of remodeling and regeneration even in areas having the same porosity as the constant scaffolds. Low regeneration in distal regions from the interface with native bone impairs ossification in proximal regions of the construct, suggesting that anisotropic architectures modulate the cross‐talk between distant cells within critical‐size defects. The study provides key information on how engineered architectural patterns impact osteoregeneration in vivo, and also indicates the equine tuber coxae as promising orthotopic model for studying materials stimulating bone formation.
Mechanochemical Patternable ECM‐Mimetic Hydrogels for Programmed Cell Orientation
Authors: Lavrador Pedro , Gaspar Vítor M. , Mano João F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNative human tissues are supported by a viscoelastic extracellular matrix (ECM) that can adapt its intricate network to dynamic mechanical stimuli. To recapitulate the unique ECM biofunctionality, hydrogel design is shifting from typical covalent crosslinks toward covalently adaptable networks. To pursue such properties, herein hybrid polysaccharide‐polypeptide networks are designed based on dynamic covalent assembly inspired by natural ECM crosslinking processes. This is achieved through the synthesis of an amine‐reactive oxidized‐laminarin biopolymer that can readily crosslink with gelatin (oxLAM‐Gelatin) and simultaneously allow cell encapsulation. Interestingly, the rational design of oxLAM‐Gelatin hydrogels with varying aldehyde‐to‐amine ratios enables a refined control over crosslinking kinetics, viscoelastic properties, and degradability profile. The mechanochemical features of these hydrogels post‐crosslinking offer an alternative route for imprinting any intended nano‐ or microtopography in ECM‐mimetic matrices bearing inherent cell‐adhesive motifs. Different patterns are easily paved in oxLAM‐Gelatin under physiological conditions and complex topographical configurations are retained along time. Human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells contacting mechanically sculpted oxLAM‐Gelatin hydrogels sense the underlying surface nanotopography and align parallel to the anisotropic nanoridge/nanogroove intercalating array. These findings demonstrate that covalently adaptable features in ECM‐mimetic networks can be leveraged to combine surface topography and cell‐adhesive motifs as they appear in natural matrices.
High‐Rate Printing of Micro/Nanoscale Patterns Using Interfacial Convective Assembly
Authors: Chai Zhimin , Korkmaz Adnan , Yilmaz Cihan , Busnaina Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrinting of electronics has been receiving increasing attention from academia and industry over the recent years. However, commonly used printing techniques have limited resolution of micro‐ or sub‐microscale. Here, a directed‐assembly‐based printing technique, interfacial convective assembly, is reported, which utilizes a substrate‐heating‐induced solutal Marangoni convective flow to drive particles toward patterned substrates and then uses van der Waals interactions as well as geometrical confinement to trap the particles in the pattern areas. The influence of various assembly parameters including type of mixing solvent, substrate temperature, particle concentration, and assembly time is investigated. The results show successful assembly of various nanoparticles in patterns of different shapes with a high resolution down to 25 nm. In addition, the assembly only takes a few minutes, which is two orders of magnitude faster than conventional convective assembly. Small‐sized (diameter below 5 nm) nanoparticles tend to coalesce during the assembly process and form sintered structures. The fabricated silver nanorods show single‐crystal structure with a low resistivity of 8.58 × 10−5 Ω cm. With high versatility, high resolution, and high throughput, the interfacial convective assembly opens remarkable opportunities for printing next generation nanoelectronics and sensors.
Surface Evolution of Lithium Titanate upon Electrochemical Cycling Using a Combination of Surface Specific Characterization Techniques
Authors: Rikarte Jokin , Acebedo Begoña , Vilalta‐Clemente Arantxa , Bonilla Francisco , Wilkinson Angus J. , Galceran Montserrat , Lousa Arturo , Rubio‐Zuazo Juan , Muñoz‐Márquez Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAmong the electrodes for Li‐ion batteries, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) stands out as anode owing to its stability and safety, in part ascribed to its low surface reactivity. However, the overlayer formation on the LTO surface upon electrochemical cycling is reported in recent years; a rough surface layer of electrochemically inactive α‐Li2TiO3 on top of the LTO (111) surface is suggested on the grounds of scanning probe techniques and theoretical ab initio calculations which would negatively strike on the battery performance. Hence the investigation of the LTO surface evolution is key to achieve more stable and safer Li‐ion batteries. LTO (111) thin film electrodes are used as model system where a variety of surface specific characterization techniques are applied to unveil the surface behavior of LTO in Li‐ion batteries. In contrast with previous studies, with the help of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and synchrotron‐based surface X‐ray diffraction, α‐Li2TiO3 is found to be a surface preparation product. Of special importance is the use of high‐resolution electron backscatter diffraction to report an increase on the LTO surface strain upon electrochemical cycling which can have a critical effect in long cycling performance of LTO that is always considered a zero‐strain material.
Wide Line Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Mapping
Authors: Ilchenko Oleksii , Slipets Roman , Rindzevicius Tomas , Durucan Onur , Morelli Lidia , Schmidt Michael S. , Wu Kaiyu , Boisen Anja 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)‐based molecular detection at extremely low concentrations often relies on mapping of a SERS substrate. This yields a large number (>1000) of SERS spectra that can improve the limit of detection; however, the signal collection time is a major constraint. In this work, a wide line (WL) laser focusing technique aimed at fast mapping of SERS substrates is presented. The WL technique enables acquisition of thousands of SERS spectra in a few seconds without missing any of the electromagnetic “hot spots” in the illuminated area. In addition, the SERS signal averaging across the line in the WL mode displays extremely high signal‐to‐noise ratios. The advantages of the WL technique for SERS‐based sensing are verified using different analyte molecules, that is, p‐coumaric acid and melamine. Results show that the limit of detection can be improved by one order of magnitude compared to results obtained using a commercial Raman microscope.
Adaptability evaluation of ORYZA (v3) for single‐cropped rice under different establishment techniques in eastern China
Authors: Lu Bihui , Yu Kun , Wang Zhiming , Wang Jing , Shan Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ORYZA (v3) rice model is the most exhaustive representation of the available knowledge on rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development and has become an integrated rice modelling tool suitable for different scenarios according to the demands of users. A 3‐yr field experiment was conducted under potential production conditions for single‐cropped rice during 2011–2013 in Jiangsu Province in eastern China. The simulation performance of ORYZA (v3) with respect to the growth and development of different rice varieties under different establishment methods was evaluated and validated. The adaptability and stability of the model and its effect on the production of the same or similar rice varieties in different districts and years were verified using calibrated parameters. The results revealed that ORYZA (v3) performed well in simulating the dynamics of crop biomass and leaf area index for both calibration and validation datasets in 2011–2013, as is reflected by the high adjusted linear correlation coefficient (r2), low normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) value, and lack of notable differences between simulated and observed data with 99% confidence. The NRMSE value of the final yield ranged from 4.30 to 8.99% for both Indica and Japonica rice throughout the growing seasons. The performance of transplanted Indica rice varieties was better than that of most Japonica rice varieties. Overall, our evaluation suggested the suitability of ORYZA (v3) for simulating rice growth and development of different single‐cropped varieties under different establishment techniques in eastern China.
Time–space coupled learning method for model reduction of distributed parameter systems with encoder‐decoder and RNN
Authors: Qing Xiangyun , Jin Jing , Niu Yugang , Zhao Shuangliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractModel reduction of a high‐dimensional distributed parameter system (DPS) reduces the complexity of the system for various applications, from monitoring to model predictive control, while retaining its intrinsic properties. Unfortunately, the assumption of time–space separability usually fails to hold for popular time–space separation model reduction methods because the space and time of the DPS are inherently coupled. In this study, a time–space coupled learning method for a data‐driven model reduction of the DPS is presented. The proposed method has the advantage of preserving the time–space coupling characteristics and increasing the number of degrees of freedom during the model reduction learning process. A novel deep‐learning architecture is presented by combining encoder‐decoder networks with recurrent neural networks. Given a high‐dimensional system without an exact partial differential equation description, the dimension‐reduced model and its temporal dynamics are jointly learned using the collected input and output data. The learned model is then applied to predict the low‐dimensional representations and reconstruct the high‐dimensional outputs. The proposed method was demonstrated on the catalytic rod in a tubular reactor with recycle, the results of which indicate a better modeling accuracy and lower intrinsic dimensionality compared with classical time–space separation model reduction methods.
Constructing Adaptive Photosensitizers via Supramolecular Modification Based on Pillararene Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Shao Li , Pan Yutong , Hua Bin , Xu Shidang , Yu Guocan , Wang Mengbin , Liu Bin , Huang Feihe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn order to promote the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT), undesired side effects like low tumor specificity and the “always‐on” phenomenon should be avoided. An effective solution is to construct an adaptive photosensitizer that can be activated to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we design and synthesize a supramolecular switch based on a host–guest complex containing a water‐soluble pillar[5]arene (WP5) and an AIEgen photosensitizer (G). The formation of the host–guest complex WP5⊃G quenches the fluorescence and inhibits ROS generation of G. Benefitting from the pH‐responsiveness of WP5, the binding site between G and WP5 changes in an acidic environment through a shuttle movement. Consequently, fluorescence and ROS generation of the host–guest complex can be switched on at pH 5.0. This work offers a new paradigm for the construction of adaptive photosensitizers by using a supramolecular method.
Influence of core size and capping ligand of gold nanoparticles on the desorption/ionization efficiency of small biomolecules in AP‐SALDI‐MS
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zhang Peng , Pyttlik Andrea , Kraus Tobias , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNP) are frequently used in surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI‐MS) for analysis of biomolecules because they exhibit suitable thermal and chemical properties as well as strong surface plasmonic effects. Moreover, the structures of AuNP can be controlled by well‐established synthesis protocols. This was important in the present work, which studied the influence of the nanoparticles’ structures on atmospheric pressure (AP)‐SALDI‐MS performance. A series of AuNP with different core sizes and capping ligands were investigated, to examine the desorption/ionization efficiency (DIE) under AP‐SALDI conditions. The results showed that both the AuNP core size as well as the nature of the surface ligand had a strong influence on DIE. DIE increased with the size of the AuNP and the hydrophobicity of the ligands. Chemical interactions between ligand and analytes also influenced DIE. Moreover, we discovered that removing the organic ligands from the deposited AuNP substrate layer by simple laser irradiation prior to LDI further amplified DIE values. The optimized AuNP were successfully used to analyze a wide arrange of different low molecular weight biomolecules as well as a crude pig brain extract, which readily demonstrated the ability of the technique to detect a wide range of lipid species within highly complex samples.
Preparation and properties study of waterborne polyurethane synthesized by mixing polyester diols and isocyanates
Authors: Meng Lingqiao , Shi Xingzhao , Zhang Ruilong , Yan Long , Liang Zhaopeng , Nie Yijing , Zhou Zhiping , Hao Tongfan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn view of environmental protection requirements, it is an inevitable trend for waterborne coatings to replace traditional coatings. Waterborne polyurethane (WPU), a kind of typical resin used in coatings, has become a research hot topic of waterborne coatings because of its advantages, such as non‐polluting, safe and reliable, excellent properties, good compatibility, and easy modification. In this article, solvent‐free WPU is prepared by mixing 4,4′‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate/ isophorone diisocyanate (HMDI/IPDI) and polycarbonate diol/ Polycaprolactone diol (PCDL/PCL). Through the comparison of the properties of the polymer, the best amount of raw materials was determined. Specifically, R = 1.35 (R is NCO/OH ratio), the content of dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) is 5.5%, the content of trimethylol propane (TMP) is 2.5%, the mole ratio of HMDI/IPDI is 2:1, the mole ratio of PCDL/PCL is 2:1, and the preeminent WPU shows the excellent thermal stability, the contact angle of 118.04°, the hardness is H. The chemical structures and rough surface morphologies of the WPU films were characterized by FT‐IR, TG, AFM, and SEM, respectively. Therefore, considering the film properties, and the low cost, simple, and green process, this research will offer the possibility of application of this free‐solvent WPU in industrial production and large‐scale application.
Improvement of the processability and thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride) with 5,6‐diamino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil
Authors: Ye Weihua , Chen Qinghua , Chen Zheng , Wen Zhi , Liao Zhengfu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUracil derivatives are potential nontoxic thermal stabilizers of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and have a better stabilization effect. 5,6‐diamino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil (DDU) was investigated as a thermal stabilizer for PVC. The stabilization effect of DDU was measured by thermogravimetric analysis, thermal aging test, and recording the time of the color change of the Congo red paper (Congo red test). Meanwhile, the processability of PVC stabilized by DDU was investigated through dynamic performance test. The results showed a better stabilizing effect compared with calcium stearate (CaSt2) and zinc stearate (ZnSt2). To explain the stabilization of DDU, the probable mechanism was suggested that DDU absorbed and chemically bonded with hydrogen chloride. Therefore, DDU could be used as a thermal stabilizer of PVC.
A basic ddRADseq two‐enzyme protocol performs well with herbarium and silica‐dried tissues across four genera
Authors: Jordon‐Thaden Ingrid E. , Beck James B. , Rushworth Catherine A. , Windham Michael D. , Diaz Nicolas , Cantley Jason T. , Martine Christopher T. , Rothfels Carl J. 
Published: April 2020

PremiseThe ability to sequence genome‐scale data from herbarium specimens would allow for the economical development of data sets with broad taxonomic and geographic sampling that would otherwise not be possible. Here, we evaluate the utility of a basic double‐digest restriction site–associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) protocol using DNAs from four genera extracted from both silica‐dried and herbarium tissue.MethodsDNAs from Draba, Boechera, Solidago, and Ilex were processed with a ddRADseq protocol. The effects of DNA degradation, taxon, and specimen age were assessed.ResultsAlthough taxon, preservation method, and specimen age affected data recovery, large phylogenetically informative data sets were obtained from the majority of samples.DiscussionThese results suggest that herbarium samples can be incorporated into ddRADseq project designs, and that specimen age can be used as a rapid on‐site guide for sample choice. The detailed protocol we provide will allow users to pursue herbarium‐based ddRADseq projects that minimize the expenses associated with fieldwork and sample evaluation.
The History of the Synapse
Authors: Sotelo Constantino 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTWhy did I choose this particular topic for my lecture rather than the history of neuroscience or the history of the neuron? Simply because I believe that every disciple has the obligation to pay homage to their mentors once in their lifetime. My formation as a neuroscientist involved three such mentors spanned across three countries. The first was Spain, where I was born, completed my medical studies, and had my first glimpse of neuroscience at the Cajal Institute with Fernando de Castro. It was him who, in 1961, advised me to spend some time abroad, and to that purpose he obtained me a scholarship from the French government, that allowed me to settle in Paris. Once in France I had the good fortune to meet Prof. René Couteaux, another generous mentor, who took care of my stay in the country. Two years later, he made me a proposition to which I could only answer in the affirmative by offering me a research position in France. I got married (the best thing that happened in my life), and spent the next 57 years working on the cerebellum. The third person I want to honor and remember in this presentation is Sanford Louis Palay who was my postdoc professor during the 2 years I worked at Harvard Medical School in Boston. And as it turns out, all three of my mentors have made positive contributions to the history of the synapse. So, without further delay, let us dive in. Anat Rec, 303:1252–1279, 2020. © 2020 American Association for Anatomy
Flickering of the jet‐ejecting symbiotic star MWC 560
Authors: Zamanov R. K. , Boeva S. , Stoyanov K. A. , Latev G. , Spassov B. , Kurtenkov A. , Nikolov G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe analyzed the optical photometric data of short‐term variability (flickering) of the accreting white dwarf in the jet‐ejecting symbiotic star MWC 560. The observations were obtained on 17 nights during the period November 2011 to October 2019. The color‐magnitude diagram shows that the hot component of the system becomes redder as it gets brighter. For the flickering source, we find that it has color 0.14 < B − V < 0.40, temperature in the range 6,300 < Tfl < 11,000 K, and radius 1.2 < Rfl < 18 R⊙. We find a strong correlation (correlation coefficient 0.76, significance <0.001) between B band magnitude and the average radius of the flickering source—as the brightness of the system increases, the size of the flickering source also increases. The estimated temperature is similar to that of the bright spot of cataclysmic variables. In 2019, the flickering was missing, and the B–V color of the hot component became bluer.
Imaging anatomy of the vertebral canal for trans‐sacral hiatus puncture of the lumbar cistern
Authors: Trinh Austin , Hashmi Syed S. , Massoud Tarik F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA standard lumbar puncture may be impossible for many anatomic or technical reasons. Previous accounts of caudal epidural anesthesia and other procedures via the sacral hiatus prompted us to test if image‐guided percutaneous trans‐sacral hiatus access to the lumbosacral subarachnoid cistern would be anatomically feasible. To study vertebral canal morphometry and curvature, we analyzed midsagittal computed tomography‐myelogram images of 40 normal subjects and digitally measured sacral curvatures between S1 to S5 and S2 to S4 using two methods whereby a lower angle signifies a straighter sacrum. We measured midsagittal vertebral canal area, hiatus width, dural sac termination levels, and distance from sacral hiatus to the dural sac tip (needle distance). Subjects were F:M = 25:15, with a mean age of 44.9 years. The two S1–S5 full sacral curvature mean angles were 57.3° and 60.4°. Almost all sacral hiatuses were at S4, and dural sac terminations were at S1–S2. The mean S2–S4 sacral curvature was 25.1°, and the mean needle distance was 57.7 mm. Using two‐way analysis of variance, there were significant sex differences for needle distances (p = .001), and full and limited sacral curvatures (p = .02, and p = .046, respectively). There were no significant linear regression correlations between age and sacral curvature, needle distance, canal area, or hiatus width. Therefore, despite a frequently prominent full sacral curvature, the combination of S1–S2 dural sac termination plus a relatively straight trajectory of the lower vertebral canal between S2 and S4 support the theoretical feasibility of percutaneous trans‐sacral hiatus and vertebral canal access to the lumbosacral cistern using a standard spinal needle.