bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARID3A promotes the development of colorectal cancer by upregulating AURKA
Authors: Tang Jing , Yang Lirui , Li Yafei , Ning Xuelian , Chaulagain Anita , Wang Tianzhen , Wang Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours, and its morbidity and mortality rates are relatively high. However, the aetiology and pathogenesis of CRC have not been clearly elucidated to date. AT-rich interaction domain 3A (ARID3A) is a member of the ARID3 family and a transcription factor that can bind to specific DNA sites to regulate gene expression. It was reported that ARID3A is involved in various biological processes and may be related to carcinogenesis. In this study, by assessing the mRNA level of ARID3A in TCGA database, we found that ARID3A expression increased in CRC tissues, and proposed that ARID3A could act as a tumour-promoting factor in the development of CRC. To verify this hypothesis, we used cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays to assess the effect of ARID3A on CRC cells. We revealed that ARID3A overexpression enhanced tumour cell proliferation, migration and invasion. ARID3A could target Aurora kinase A (AURKA) to facilitate the malignant phenotype of CRC cells, and patients with a higher ratio of AURKA and ARID3A had a better overall survival. Conclusively, this study showed that ARID3A targeted AURKA to facilitate the development of CRC. The ratio of ARID3A and AURKA could be used as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis, providing a new strategy for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC.
Fhod3 Controls the Dendritic Spine Morphology of Specific Subpopulations of Pyramidal Neurons in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Sulistomo Hikmawan Wahyu , Nemoto Takayuki , Kage Yohko , Fujii Hajime , Uchida Taku , Takamiya Kogo , Sumimoto Hideki , Kataoka Hiroaki , Bito Haruhiko , Takeya Ryu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanges in the shape and size of the dendritic spines are critical for synaptic transmission. These morphological changes depend on dynamic assembly of the actin cytoskeleton and occur differently in various types of neurons. However, how the actin dynamics are regulated in a neuronal cell type-specific manner remains largely unknown. We show that Fhod3, a member of the formin family proteins that mediate F-actin assembly, controls the dendritic spine morphogenesis of specific subpopulations of cerebrocortical pyramidal neurons. Fhod3 is expressed specifically in excitatory pyramidal neurons within layers II/III and V of restricted areas of the mouse cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed the accumulation of Fhod3 in postsynaptic spines. Although targeted deletion of Fhod3 in the brain did not lead to any defects in the gross or histological appearance of the brain, the dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons within presumptive Fhod3-positive areas were morphologically abnormal. In primary cultures prepared from the Fhod3-depleted cortex, defects in spine morphology were only detected in Fhod3 promoter-active cells, a small population of pyramidal neurons, and not in Fhod3 promoter-negative pyramidal neurons. Thus, Fhod3 plays a crucial role in dendritic spine morphogenesis only in a specific population of pyramidal neurons in a cell type-specific manner.
Knowledge and Strategy in International Litigation: A Review Essay on Hugh Thirlway’s The International Court of Justice, with Some Reference to Non-appearance
Authors: Yee Sienho 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This short review essay comments on Hugh Thirlway’s outstanding short book The International Court of Justice and expresses appreciation for his expert knowledge about the International Court of Justice (the Court or ICJ) and its law and procedure. The Essay further observes that, in addition to knowledge about the Court and its law and procedure, other factors may have a great role to play in litigation strategy. As such, litigation strategy is a matter not susceptible to broad-brush commentary, but demands tough soul-searching, in the light of all relevant circumstances and of the larger goals to be pursued. This finds illustration in some non-appearance cases and normal cases before the court and other tribunals.
Feasibility Trial of a Mind–Body Activity Pain Management Program for Older Adults With Cognitive Decline
Authors: Mace Ryan A , Gates Melissa V , Popok Paula J , Kulich Ron , Quiroz Yakeel T , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The relationship between chronic pain (CP) and cognitive decline (CD) is bidirectional among older adults. The CP–CD comorbidity can progressively worsen cognitive, physical, emotional, and social functioning with aging. We explored the feasibility and outcomes associated with 2 mind–body activity programs for CP and CD that focus on increasing walking using time goals (Active Brains) or step-count reinforced via Fitbit (Active Brains–Fitbit).

Research Design and Methods
Older adults with CP and CD participated in a nonrandomized open pilot of Active Brains (n = 6) and Active Brains–Fitbit (n = 6) followed by exit interviews. Quantitative analysis explored feasibility markers and signals of improvement on physical, cognitive, and emotional function, as well as additional program targets. Qualitative analyses were predominantly deductive and applied the Framework Method to enhance the programs and methodology.

Results
Both programs met a priori feasibility benchmarks. We found within-group improvements for pain intensity, pain-specific coping, physical function, and cognitive function in both programs. Exit interviews confirmed high satisfaction with both programs.

Discussion and Implications
Our mixed-methods data provide preliminary evidence of feasibility, showed promise for improving outcomes, and yielded critical information to further enhance the programs. We discuss “lessons learned” and future directions.
Does routine topical antimicrobial administration prevent sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery?
Authors: Magro Pedro Lamares , Sousa Uva Miguel 
Published: October 2020

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘Does routine topical antimicrobial administration prevent sternal wound infection (SWI) after cardiac surgery? Altogether &gt;238 papers were found using the reported search, of which 11 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Several different antimicrobial agents, dosages and application protocols were found in the literature. Regarding topical vancomycin use, a meta-analysis by Kowalewski et al. demonstrated a 76% risk reduction in any SWI. Collagen-gentamicin sponge application was associated with a 38% risk reduction in SWI in another meta-analysis by Kowalewski et al., which included 4 randomized control trials and &gt;23 000 patients. Lower evidence observational studies found benefit in the use of different regimes, including: combination of vancomycin paste and subcutaneous gentamycin; combined cefazoline and gentamicin spray; isolated cefazolin; bacitracin ointment; and rifampicin irrigation. We conclude that, in light of the body of evidence available, topical antibiotic application prevents SWI, including both superficial and deep SWI. The strongest evidence, derived from 2 meta-analyses, is related to the use of gentamicin-collagen sponges and topical vancomycin. Heterogeneity throughout studies regarding antibiotic agents, dosages, application protocols and SWI definition makes providing general recommendations challenging.
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome-like encephalitis in mutant mice with constitutively active MDA5
Authors: Onizawa Hideo , Kato Hiroki , Kimura Hiroyuki , Kudo Tomoo , Soda Nobumasa , Shimizu Shota , Funabiki Masahide , Yagi Yusuke , Nakamoto Yuji , Priller Josef , Nishikomori Ryuta , Heike Toshio , Yan Nan , Tsujimura Tohru , Mimori Tsuneyo , Fujita Takashi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMDA5 is a cytoplasmic sensor of viral RNA, triggering type I interferon (IFN-I) production. Constitutively active MDA5 has been linked to autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Singleton–Merten syndrome (SMS) and Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), a genetically determined inflammatory encephalopathy. However, AGS research is challenging due to the lack of animal models. We previously reported lupus-like nephritis and SMS-like bone abnormalities in adult mice with constitutively active MDA5 (Ifih1G821S/+), and herein demonstrate that these mice also exhibit high lethality and spontaneous encephalitis with high IFN-I production during the early postnatal period. Increases in the number of microglia were observed in MDA5/MAVS signaling- and IFN-I-dependent manners. Furthermore, microglia showed an activated state with an increased phagocytic capability and reduced expression of neurotrophic factors. Although multiple auto-antibodies including lupus-related ones were detected in the sera of the mice as well as AGS patients, Ifih1G821S/+Rag2−/− mice also exhibited up-regulation of IFN-I, astrogliosis and microgliosis, indicating that auto-antibodies or lymphocytes are not required for the development of the encephalitis. The IFN-I signature without lymphocytic infiltration observed in Ifih1G821S/+ mice is a typical feature of AGS. Collectively, our results suggest that the Ifih1G821S/+ mice are a model recapitulating AGS and that microglia are a potential target for AGS therapy.
Measures of Systemic Innate Immune Function Predict the Risk of Nosocomial Infection in Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: Thakkar Rajan K , Devine Racheal , Popelka Jill , Hensley Josey , Fabia Renata , Muszynski Jennifer A , Hall Mark W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Critical injury-induced immune suppression has been associated with adverse outcomes. This acquired form of immunosuppression is poorly understood in pediatric burn patients, who have infectious complication rates as high as 71%. Our primary objectives were to determine if thermal injury results in early innate immune dysfunction and is associated with increased risk for nosocomial infections (NI). We performed a prospective, longitudinal immune function observational study at a single pediatric burn center. Whole blood samples from burn patients within the first week of injury were used to assess innate immune function. Nosocomial infections were defined using CDC criteria. Immune parameters were compared between patients who went on to develop NI and those that did not. We enrolled a total of 34 patients with 12 developing a NI. Within the first 3 days of injury, children whom developed NI had significantly lower whole blood ex vivo LPS-induced TNFα production capacity (434 pg/mL vs 960 pg/mL, P = .0015), CD14+ monocyte counts (273 cells/µL vs 508 cells/µL, P = .01), and % HLA-DR expression on CD14+ monocytes (54% vs 92%, P = .02) compared with those that did not develop infection. Plasma cytokine levels did not have a significant difference between the NI and no NI groups. Early innate immune suppression can occur following pediatric thermal injury and appears to be a risk factor for the development of nosocomial infections. Plasma cytokines alone may not be a reliable predictor of the development of NI.
Recording Patient Data in Burn Unit Logbooks in Rwanda: Who and What Are We Missing?
Authors: Miranda Elizabeth , Velin Lotta , Ntirenganya Faustin , Riviello Robert , Mukagaju Francoise , Shyaka Ian , Nezerwa Yves , Pompermaier Laura 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSystematic data collection in high-income countries has demonstrated a decreasing burn morbidity and mortality, whereas lack of data from low- and middle-income countries hinders a global overview of burn epidemiology. In low- and middle-income countries, dedicated burn registries are few. Instead, burn data are often recorded in logbooks or as one variable in trauma registries, where incomplete or inconsistently recorded information is a known challenge. The University Teaching Hospital of Kigali hosts the only dedicated burn unit in Rwanda and has collected data on patients admitted for acute burn care in logbooks since 2005. This study aimed to assess the data registered between January 2005 and December 2019, to evaluate the extent of missing data, and to identify possible factors associated with “missingness.” All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. In this study, 1093 acute burn patients were included and 64.2% of them had incomplete data. Data completeness improved significantly over time. The most commonly missing variables were whether the patient was referred from another facility and information regarding whether any surgical intervention was performed. Missing data on burn mechanism, burn degree, and surgical treatment were associated with in-hospital mortality. In conclusion, missing data is frequent for acute burn patients in Rwanda, although improvements have been seen over time. As Rwanda and other low- and middle-income countries strive to improve burn care, ensuring data completeness will be essential for the ability to accurately assess the quality of care, and hence improve it.
Assessing Recognition of the Vector of Lyme Disease Using Resin-Embedded Specimens in a Lyme Endemic Area
Authors: Bron Gebbiena M , Fenelon Hannah , Paskewitz Susan M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. To assess whether a tick bite puts someone at risk for LD, adequate tick identification skills are needed. We surveyed residents of a high LD-incidence state, Wisconsin, on their ability to distinguish ticks from insects and to identify the specimens that could transmit the LD causative agent. Surveys were conducted using resin blocks with four insects and four tick specimens embedded. About half of the participants (64 of 130) recognized all of the ticks, and 60% of those individuals chose only ticks and no insects. Younger participants (18- to 44-yr old) were more likely to identify ticks correctly compared with those 45 yr and older. Participants who agreed strongly with the statement ‘I know a lot about ticks` were also likelier to correctly identify ticks. When asked to identify which specimens could transmit LD, less than 25% of participants chose both the Ixodes scapularis Say adult female and nymph and about half of those (15% of participants) picked only those two and no other specimens. Although the relatively small convenience sample was biased toward younger participants who consider themselves ‘outdoorsy’, results showed that further assessments of tick recognition skills are needed to understand what determines whether people can recognize medically important ticks and to evaluate the potential benefits of enhanced education. In addition to the value of the resin blocks as research tools, the blocks may be useful as training tools to improve tick check efficacy.
Laryngeal epidermal inclusion cyst: report of an unusual case and literature review
Authors: Khushaim Hanan , Albaghli Slava , Al-Alsheikh Abdulmalik , Al Rikabi Ammar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The causes of dysphonia or hoarseness are numerous and can be classified as functional or organic. The report will highlight the clinical presentation, histopathological features and management plan of laryngeal epidermal inclusion cysts (EICs). Laryngeal EICs are rare. The epidermal and dermoid cysts represent only 0.01% of oral cavity cysts. Their clinical presentation varies from a completely asymptomatic presentation to dysphonia for years. This current report represents a case of a 34-year-old female who presented with 2-year history of dysphonia, which was caused by a unilateral laryngeal EIC.
Effect of leaf temperature on the estimation of photosynthetic and other traits of wheat leaves from hyperspectral reflectance
Authors: Khan Hammad A , Nakamura Yukiko , Furbank Robert T , Evans John R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA growing number of leaf traits can be estimated from hyperspectral reflectance data. These include structural and compositional traits, such as leaf mass per area (LMA) and nitrogen and chlorophyll content, but also physiological traits such a Rubisco carboxylation activity, electron transport rate, and respiration rate. Since physiological traits vary with leaf temperature, how does this impact on predictions made from reflectance measurements? We investigated this with two wheat varieties, by repeatedly measuring each leaf through a sequence of temperatures imposed by varying the air temperature in a growth room. Leaf temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 35 °C did not alter the estimated Rubisco capacity normalized to 25 °C (Vcmax25), or chlorophyll or nitrogen contents per unit leaf area. Models estimating LMA and Vcmax25/N were both slightly influenced by leaf temperature: estimated LMA increased by 0.27% °C–1 and Vcmax25/N increased by 0.46% °C–1. A model estimating Rubisco activity closely followed variation associated with leaf temperature. Reflectance spectra change with leaf temperature and therefore contain a temperature signal.
Serum Uric Acid may be Associated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Military Individuals
Authors: Tu Chung-Ming , Tseng Guo-Shiang , Liu Cheng-Wei 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe investigated the correlation and association between serum uric acid (SUA) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) criteria in military individuals.Material and MethodsWe prospectively enrolled military individuals who visited our hospital for evaluation of electrocardiographic abnormalities detected at an annual health exam between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Hyperuricemia was defined as an SUA level ≥7 mg/dL in men and ≥6 mg/dL in women. The definitions of LVDD criteria and LV hypertrophy were according to contemporary echocardiographic guidelines.ResultsThe study included 268 individuals (89% male), with a mean age of 32.9 ± 7.6 years and SUA of 6.1 ± 1.3 mg/dL. The hyperuricemic (n = 74) and normouricemic (n = 194) groups had no significant differences in lifestyle choices and baseline characteristics. Serum uric acid correlated weakly with heart size parameters (r = 0.354, P &lt; .001 for left atrial diameter and r = 0.146, P = .017 for left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and average E/e' &gt;14 (r = 0.204, P = .001). The hyperuricemic group had higher LVMI (87.6 g/m2 vs. 81.8 g/m2, P = .022), septal e' velocity &lt;7 cm/s (14.9% vs. 5.2%, P = .019), lateral e' velocity &lt;10 cm/s (27.0% vs. 11.3%, P = .003), and average E/e' &gt;14 (4.1% vs. 0%, P = .020) values than the normouricemic group. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, SUA was significantly associated with septal e' velocity &lt;7 cm/s (adjusted HR: 2.398; 95% CI, 1.427-4.030; P = .001).ConclusionElevated SUA was significantly associated with the presence of LVDD criteria, namely, septal e' velocity &lt;7, in military individuals. Maintaining SUA levels within normal limits may prevent the development of LVDD.
Fatal Isoniazid Hepatotoxicity in the Deployed Environment
Authors: Cybulski Daniel J , White Brian K 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Deployed clinicians have limited resources at their disposal to augment medical decision-making and management. All deploying personnel undergo predeployment medical assessment to evaluate their fitness for deployment. The purpose of predeployment screening is to allow for anticipation of medical needs that may arise which could challenge the available medical resources in an expeditionary environment. Medical standards for deployment are published, identifying disqualifying conditions and medications. A history of latent tuberculosis infection is not disqualifying for deployment. Isoniazid is not specifically mentioned as a disqualifying medication, though it is well known to have the potential of causing drug-induced liver injury. Here, a case of fatal isoniazid-induced drug-induced liver injury in a deployed setting is presented with a review of current latent tuberculosis infection literature. Our goal is for the reader to form their own opinion whether or not isoniazid should be used in the forward environment.
Genomic Analysis Revealed a Convergent Evolution of LINE-1 in Coat Color: A Case Study in Water Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Liang Dong , Zhao Pengju , Si Jingfang , Fang Lingzhao , Pairo-Castineira Erola , Hu Xiaoxiang , Xu Qing , Hou Yali , Gong Yu , Liang Zhengwen , Tian Bing , Mao Huaming , Yindee Marnoch , Faruque Md Omar , Kongvongxay Siton , Khamphoumee Souksamlane , Liu George E , Wu Dong-Dong , Barker James Stuart F , Han Jianlin , Zhang Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVisible pigmentation phenotypes can be used to explore the regulation of gene expression and the evolution of coat color patterns in animals. Here, we performed whole-genome and RNA sequencing and applied genome-wide association study, comparative population genomics and biological experiments to show that the 2,809-bp-long LINE-1 insertion in the ASIP (agouti signaling protein) gene is the causative mutation for the white coat phenotype in swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). This LINE-1 insertion (3′ truncated and containing only 5′ UTR) functions as a strong proximal promoter that leads to a 10-fold increase in the transcription of ASIP in white buffalo skin. The 165 bp of 5′ UTR transcribed from the LINE-1 is spliced into the first coding exon of ASIP, resulting in a chimeric transcript. The increased expression of ASIP prevents melanocyte maturation, leading to the absence of pigment in white buffalo skin and hairs. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the white buffalo-specific ASIP allele originated from a recent genetic transposition event in swamp buffalo. Interestingly, as a similar LINE-1 insertion has been identified in the cattle ASIP gene, we discuss the convergent mechanism of coat color evolution in the Bovini tribe.
Lichonycteris obscura(Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Zamora-Gutierrez Veronica , Ortega Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe dark long-tongued bat (Lichonycteris obscura Thomas, 1895) is a small-sized phyllostomid with a broad distribution from southern Mexico to both, the Pacific and Atlantic lowlands of South America. It is easily distinguished from other Glossophaginae because of its tricolored dorsal pelage with a dark basal band, well-furred elbow, lack of lower incisors, and wing membrane attached to the foot at about mid-length of the metatarsals. L. obscura is a foliage-roosting species, and primarily feeds on nectar and pollen. The species is rare because locally it occurs in low numbers. Despite the lack of information and low abundance, L. obscura is listed as a species of “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.