bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room-temperature compression and equation of state of body-centered cubic zirconium
Authors: Pigott Jeffrey S , Velisavljevic Nenad , Moss Eric K , Popov Dmitry , Park Changyong , Van Orman James A , Draganic Nikola , Vohra Yogesh K , Sturtevant Blake T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zirconium (Zr) has properties conducive to nuclear applications and exhibits complex behavior at high pressure with respect to the effects of impurities, deviatoric stress, kinetics, and grain growth which makes it scientifically interesting. Here, we present experimental results on the 300 K equation of state of ultra-high purity Zr obtained using the diamond-anvil cell coupled with synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction and electrical resistance measurements. Based on quasi-hydrostatic room-temperature compression in helium to pressure P  =  69.4(2) GPa, we constrain the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative of body-centered cubic (bcc) β-Zr to be K  =  224(2) GPa and K′  =  2.6(1) at P  =  37.0(1) GPa. A Monte Carlo approach was developed to accurately quantify the uncertainties in K and K′. In the Monte Carlo simulations, both the unit-cell volume and pressure vary according to their experimental uncertainty. Our high-pressure studies do not indicate additional isostructural volume collapse in the bcc phase of Zr in the 56–58 GPa pressure range.
Axisymmetric spheroidal squirmers and self-diffusiophoretic particles
Authors: Pöhnl R , Popescu M N , Uspal W E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We study, by means of an exact analytical solution, the motion of a spheroidal, axisymmetric squirmer in an unbounded fluid, as well as the low Reynolds number hydrodynamic flow associated to it. In contrast to the case of a spherical squirmer—for which, e.g. the velocity of the squirmer and the magnitude of the stresslet associated with the flow induced by the squirmer are respectively determined by the amplitudes of the first two slip (‘squirming’) modes—for the spheroidal squirmer each squirming mode either contributes to the velocity, or contributes to the stresslet. The results are straightforwardly extended to the self-phoresis of axisymmetric, spheroidal, chemically active particles in the case when the phoretic slip approximation holds.
Maskless and contactless patterned silicon deposition using a localized PECVD process
Authors: Leal Ronan , Bruneau Bastien , Bulkin Pavel , Novikova Tatiana , Silva François , Habka Nada , Johnson Erik V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present a novel technique to perform contactless and mask-free patterned plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and etching. When a powered electrode with narrow slits is placed very close to the substrate, plasma is selectively ignited within the slits due to the hollow cathode effect, and so deposition or etching occurs only within an area smaller than the size of the slit. This technique is demonstrated through the deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon using a gas mixture of hydrogen, argon and silane. Slits as small as 1 mm generate a plasma, and for this width, the lines deposited are about 750 μm wide, homogenous over their length (60 mm), and are deposited at a rate of 50 nm min−1. The phenomenon is studied using 2D Particle In Cell (PIC) modelling with a simplified argon chemistry. The electron localization observed in the PIC modelling provides an explanation of why the deposition is narrower than the slit.
Efficiency of R&D spending at the US Universities.
Authors: Bogomolova Arina , Balk Igor , Semenov Evgeniy , Ivashchenko Natalya , Temkin Anatoly 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the efficiency of using university R&D funding. As a parameter of efficiency, we took the so-called “article cost” - the amount of money received for research in the previous year to get 1 article in the current year. It turned out that the average cost of an article at an American university is $101 thousand over the past 8 years. After analyzing a set of universities, it became obvious that the article cost is stable for each university over time, respectively, there are some non-random parameters that affect this value. We have also identified several parameters that, logically, can influence the university performance indicator. They are coefficient of specialization, number of students, number of staff and student per staff ratio, number of articles and others. We also examined several other parameters and made a statistical review of a typical U.S. university with a large research budget. At the end of the article, there is a least squares model that, using these parameters, explains more than half of the differentiation of the efficiency parameter.
Clustering of Translation via Topic Modeling
Authors: Krasnov Fedor , Lebedev Vladimir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the present study, the authors investigated structural differences between scientific articles arising from their translation from Russian to English. In the course of the research, a modal topic modelling technique was used. Each document in the assembled collection was presented in two versions: English and Russian. As a result of constructing the topic model, the bimodal matrices Φ and Θ were obtained. An analysis of the Φ matrix showed that the topics could be distinguished according to the degree of correspondence between Russian and English terms when considering words in decreasing order of probability. For 90% of the topics, the English words fully corresponded to the Russian words used. Analysis of the Θ matrix showed that for 99% of the documents a topic exists having a value greater than 0.95. Thus, the majority of documents are monotopical. Moreover, this majority does not depend on the language of the document. Although the de facto language of scientific articles nowadays is English, a considerable number of scientific works are initially published in scientists’ respective native languages and only subsequently translated into English in a more complete and in-depth form. Thus, it is possible to speak about the existence of a bilingual corpus of such documents.
The translation algorithm from pre-reform spelling into modern spelling, taking into account the morphology of words
Authors: Kozhemyakina O Yu , Tagirova E P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the translation algorithm from pre-reform spelling into modern one. The regularities in the errors made by pymorphy analyzer were used in the adaptation of it to the work with pre-reform spelling. On the basis of the dependencies between pre-reform and modern spelling for words, united by morphological characteristics, the exact algorithm, for processing the documents related to the late 19th – early 20th century, is proposed.
Semiotic analysis of narrative legal texts using asymmetric document divergency
Authors: Krylov Vladimir , Krylov Sergei , Zhigalov Grigory 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the paper the case is studied then semiotic signs can be represented as language constructs in the same language as the text for the interpretation. The goal is to obtain estimates of the depth of interpretability with the respect to each of the signs by finding the projections of the narrative on these language constructs. That is, we find the probability of the presence of each of the signs. By use the embedding of linguistic constructions into a multidimensional numerical vector space and the grid layout, which is the image of the system of signs. At the stage of the inference, our model computes the nodes of the grid, which are the most adequate to the input text by the method of new proposed asymmetric similarity. The constructed model was studied using Russian criminal, civil and labour legislation. We suggest using the models called the constellation as for the grid of normative acts and the narrative together with the corresponding divergence. In this paper, exanimated the pre-trained models known in NLP as doc2vec and Fast Text. The evaluation of the quality of models was carried out using open databases of court decisions.
Arctic greening associated with lengthening growing seasons in Northern Alaska
Authors: Arndt Kyle A , Santos Maria J , Ustin Susan , Davidson Scott J , Stow Doug , Oechel Walter C , Tran Thao T P , Graybill Brian , Zona Donatella 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Many studies have reported that the Arctic is greening; however, we lack an understanding of the detailed patterns and processes that are leading to this observed greening. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to quantify greening, which has had largely positive trends over the last few decades using low spatial resolution satellite imagery such as AVHRR or MODIS over the pan-Arctic region. However, substantial fine scale spatial heterogeneity in the Arctic makes this large-scale investigation hard to interpret in terms of vegetation and other environmental changes. Here we focus on one area of the northern Alaskan Arctic using high spatial resolution (4 m) multispectral satellite imagery from DigitalGlobe™ to analyze the greening trend near Utqiaġvik (formerly known as Barrow) over 14 years from 2002 to 2016. We found that tundra vegetation has been greening (τ = 0.65, p = 0.01, NDVI increase of 0.01 yr−1) despite no overall change in vegetation community composition. The greening is most closely correlated to the number of thawing degree days (R
2 = 0.77, F = 21.5, p < 0.001) which increased in a similar linear trend over the 14 year study period (1.79 ± 0.50 days per year, p < 0.01, τ = −0.56). This suggests that in this Arctic ecosystem, greening is occurring due to a lengthening growing season that appears to stimulate plant productivity without any significant change in vegetation communities. We found that vegetation communities in wetter locations greened about twice as fast as those found in drier conditions supporting the hypothesis that these communities respond more strongly to warming. We suggest that in Arctic environments, vegetation productivity may continue to rise, particularly in wet areas.
Optimal strategies for ecosystem services provision in Amazonian production forests
Authors: Piponiot Camille , Rutishauser Ervan , Derroire Géraldine , Putz Francis E , Sist Plinio , West Thales A P , Descroix Laurent , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Coronado Eurídice N Honorio , Kanashiro Milton , Mazzei Lucas , d’Oliveira Marcus Vinicio Neves , Peña-Claros Marielos , Rodney Ken , Ruschel Ademir R , Souza Cintia Rodrigues de , Vidal Edson , Wortel Verginia , Hérault Bruno 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough tropical forests harbour most of the terrestrial carbon and biological diversity on Earth they continue to be deforested or degraded at high rates. In Amazonia, the largest tropical forest on Earth, a sixth of the remaining natural forests is formally dedicated to timber extraction through selective logging. Reconciling timber extraction with the provision of other ecosystem services (ES) remains a major challenge for forest managers and policy-makers. This study applies a spatial optimisation of logging in Amazonian production forests to analyse potential trade-offs between timber extraction and recovery, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation. Current logging regulations with unique cutting cycles result in sub-optimal ES-use efficiency. Long-term timber provision would require the adoption of a land-sharing strategy that involves extensive low-intensity logging, although high transport and road-building costs might make this approach economically unattractive. By contrast, retention of carbon and biodiversity would be enhanced by a land-sparing strategy restricting high-intensive logging to designated areas such as the outer fringes of the region. Depending on management goals and societal demands, either choice will substantially influence the future of Amazonian forests. Overall, our results highlight the need for revaluation of current logging regulations and regional cooperation among Amazonian countries to enhance coherent and trans-boundary forest management.
Weather dataset choice introduces uncertainty to estimates of crop yield responses to climate variability and change
Authors: Parkes B , Higginbottom T P , Hufkens K , Ceballos F , Kramer B , Foster T 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWeather shocks, such as heatwaves, droughts, and excess rainfall, are a major cause of crop yield losses and food insecurity worldwide. Statistical or process-based crop models can be used to quantify how yields will respond to these events and future climate change. However, the accuracy of weather-yield relationships derived from crop models, whether statistical or process-based, is dependent on the quality of the underlying input data used to run these models. In this context, a major challenge in many developing countries is the lack of accessible and reliable meteorological datasets. Gridded weather datasets, derived from combinations ofin situgauges, remote sensing, and climate models, provide a solution to fill this gap, and have been widely used to evaluate climate impacts on agriculture in data-scarce regions worldwide. However, these reference datasets are also known to contain important biases and uncertainties. To date, there has been little research to assess how the choice of reference datasets influences projected sensitivity of crop yields to weather. We compare multiple freely available gridded datasets that provide daily weather data over the Indian sub-continent over the period 1983–2005, and explore their implications for estimates of yield responses to weather variability for key crops grown in the region (wheat and rice). Our results show that individual gridded weather datasets vary in their representation of historic spatial and temporal temperature and precipitation patterns across India. We show that these differences create large uncertainties in estimated crop yield responses and exposure to variability in growing season weather, which in turn, highlights the need for improved consideration of input data uncertainty in statistical studies that explore impacts of climate variability and change on agriculture.
Alkali-aggregate reaction in alkali-activated cement concretes
Authors: Krivenko P , Gelevera O , Kovalchuk O , Bumanis G , Korjakins A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper discloses the results of a study on structure formation processes in the interfacial transition zone “cement stone − aggregate” of the alkali-activated cement concretes. The results indicate the importance of the content of Al2O3 in the cement and aggregate. Together with components that are able to interact actively with alkalis in the presence of reactive SiO2, the processes taking place during the alkali-aggregate reaction can have weather destructive or constructive effect. The constructive effect is caused by incorporating the corrosion products into alkaline aluminosilicate compounds, thus retarding the internal corrosion of the concrete and providing the higher durability even in case of alkali-activated cements and alkali-susceptible aggregates with relatively high alkali content.
The effect of alkali activation solutions with different water glass/NaOH solution ratios on geopolymer composite materials
Authors: Doğan-Sağlamtimur N , Öznur Öz H , Bilgil A , Vural T , Süzgeç E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this study, geopolymer materials were produced from fly ash (FA) supplied from İsken Sugözü Thermal Power Plant located in Adana, Turkey. FA and Rilem Cembureau Standard Sand were used together with the ratio of 0.50. At first, two different alkaline solution/material ratio (FA+standard sand) (L/M) were selected as 0.20 and 0.40 for the design parameters. In the production of geopolymer composite material, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (12 M NaOH) were used together within the ratio of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 by weight, respectively. A totally of 20 mixes were cured at 70 and 100 oC for 24 hrs, respectively and thereafter kept in room temperature until testing age. Physical characteristics of hardened mortar were determined via the bulk density, water absorption and porosity values at 28 days while the strength of geopolymers was obtained on the results of compressive strength and flexural strength tests conducted at 7, 28 and 90 days. Considering the testing parameters, geopolymer material with the highest compressive strength was found as 76.0 MPa (28-days) on the mixture produced with L/M ratio of 20% by weight; the alkaline solution consisted of a mixture of Na2SiO3 and 12 M NaOH in weight ratio of 2 by curing at 70 oC for 24 hrs. However, test results showed that there was an optimum limit for the alkaline solution ratio, such that exceeding this limit gave the reverse effect for the strength characteristics of the geopolymer material.
A Comparative Study of Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Made by Casted and 3D Printing Methods
Authors: Korniejenko K , Łach M , Chou SY , Lin WT , Mikuła J , Mierzwiński D , Cheng A , Hebda M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Currently additive manufacturing (AM) is a rapidly developing industrial sector and a disruptive technology. It is an answer for new challenges such as resources saving and energy effectiveness as well as response for circular economy needs. Unfortunately, the full exploitation of 3D printing technology for ceramic is currently limited due to the in-process and in-service performance of the available materials’ sets, especially in application in construction industry. The main aim of the article is comparison mechanical properties such as compressive and flexural strength between casted and injected samples (simulation for 3D printing process). The same geopolymer mix, plain as well as with flax fibres, based of fly ash class F was casted and cured in the same temperature prior to its mechanical test with ‘printed’ samples.
A Study on the Physicochemical Properties of Different Post-Process Wastes from Thermal Processes
Authors: Łach M , Korniejenko K , Komar N , Mikuła J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The main aim of the article is determinate the safety for use the anthropogenic raw materials such as ashes and slags produced in waste incineration plants and possibilities of they using for manufacturing building materials. The article presents the results of research on physicochemical properties of ashes and slags produced in waste incineration plants. The research methods used were: water leaching, radioactivity, dioxins and furans content, oxide and phase composition. The major treatment for investigated waste is a high level of leaching of harmful substances and the content of dioxins and furans. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to develop procedures for safe processing and storage of this type of materials. As shown in the research, ashes from the two investigated waste incinerators do not meet the requirements for leaching levels for hazardous waste landfills. These wastes must undergo processing to reduce to an appropriate level of leaching. Referring to the sum of dioxins in soils in urban areas, which is from 5 to 10 ng / kg, it can be stated that the waste tested contains very high dioxin contents and is hazardous waste. Working with this kind of waste requires special precautions. The ashes from waste incineration plants exceed this limit several dozen times (eg 221 ng I-TEQ / kg). Due to very high values of leaching and dioxin content in the raw materials, even the rinsing process does not guarantee the possibility of obtaining waste that could be stored in hazardous waste landfills. The article suggests the further way of safety processing this kind of materials.
Effect of Curing conditions on the Compressive Strength of Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst (SFCCC)-based Geopolymers
Authors: Ruiz G , Aguilar R , Nakamatsu J , Kim S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research evaluates the effect of the curing conditions on the mechanical properties of geopolymers containing spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (SFCCC) generated as a waste by the Peruvian oil-refinery industry. For this purpose, two curing conditions were evaluated: i) sample sealing during oven curing to avoid water loss, and ii) the time before curing (pre-curing time or delay time, before heating). The curing temperature was varied from 25°C up to 100°C. The performance of samples was assessed measuring the compressive strengths and the bulk densities. The results reveal that there are optimal curing conditions associated with the higher compressive strength of the SFCCC-based geopolymers. This optimal condition occurred when water loss was reduced by sealing, and samples were allowed to rest before curing (pre-curing). These two conditions assured not only a higher compressive strength but also a denser and more homogeneous product. The results indicate that the higher compressive strengths (up to 34.5 MPa) and bulk densities (up to 1.6 g/cm3) were obtained when the specimens were sealed with plastic bags during the curing process to avoid moisture loss and when they were subjected to a pre-curing period of 24 hours before heating in an oven at 50°C for 1 day followed by curing at room temperature for 6 days.
Interactive learning medium in contemporary engineering education accented for practical training of highly skilled personnel
Authors: Veide Z , Strozheva V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The contemporary generation of students reluctantly uses traditional teaching tools such as textbooks, which makes it necessary to create interactive training materials using modern technologies. This article presents the experience of creation of interactive educational materials for graphical engineering disciplines, which is aimed for students of colleges and vocational schools. In the material developing, the didactic experience of technical universities teachers from five countries has been summarized. Elaborators of this course have got joint goals of improvement of quality of education and solving similar problems of fast and efficient presentation of educational material acceptable to the modern generation of students.
Composition of Engineering Drawing through Communication Skills and Social/Material Interactions from the Semiotic Aspect
Authors: Lille H , Ruus A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The report analyses how to better proceed from general discussion on graphic literacy in engineering education, through communication between the triad components: concept (problem, engineering idea, existing object), teacher and student, from the semiotic point of view, using Peirce’s triadic model whose the basic claim is that signs consist of three inter-related parts: object, interpretant and represent. A pedagogical model is presented in the form of a triad, where problem solving is focused on form: object-problem identification or existing product; interpretant-teacher and interpretant-student who form teacher concept (TC) and teacher representation (TR), and student concept (SC) and student representation, i.e. engineering drawing (SD). At all stages of the learning process the teacher must rely on interpreting students’ representations as the evidence of their understanding. Successful application of representational images (engineering drawings) is not a simple task; it is something that must be trained and used in professional practice, as manufacturing of real products is based on engineering drawings.