bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic/mechanical properties of polyurethane composites with syntactic hollow spheres
Authors: Jiang Fengchun , Yu Tianmiao , Wang Chunhe , Cao Mengxin , Wang Zhenqiang , Chang Yunpeng , Guo Chunhuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this investigation, a variety of polyurethane composites with different syntactic hollow spheres were prepared by casting method, using 316 L stainless steel hollow spheres and 316 L stainless steel–Al2O3 double‐layer hollow spheres as reinforcements. The sound insulation and absorption properties of polyurethane composites with different syntactic hollow spheres were tested by impedance tube. The effects of the hollow spheres on the acoustic properties of composites were analyzed and compared with polyurethane resin and polyurethane/solid spheres composites. The experimental results reveal that the sound transmission loss of polyurethane can be improved by the addition of hollow spheres, and the range of sound absorption frequency of polyurethane tends to move to lower frequency. Otherwise, the sound insulation and absorption frequency range of polyurethane can be broadened by the effect of 316 L stainless steel–Al2O3 double‐layer hollow spheres. In addition, the compressive strength and stiffness of polyurethane composites have been significantly improved after hollow spheres added. Comparing with polyurethane, the compressive strength and stiffness of PU/316 L–Al2O3 HS increased by 47.9% and 115.9%, respectively.
Derivation and validation of risk groups in patients with osteosarcoma utilizing regression tree analysis
Authors: Ilcisin Lenka A. , Ma Clement , Janeway Katherine A. , DuBois Steven G. , Shulman David S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor patients with osteosarcoma, apart from stage and primary site, we lack reliable prognostic factors for risk stratification at diagnosis. There is a need for further defined, discrete prognostic groups using presenting clinical features.MethodsWe analyzed a cohort of 3069 patients less than 50 years of age, diagnosed with primary osteosarcoma of the bone between 1986 and 2013 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were randomly split into test and validation cohorts. Optimal cut points for age, tumor size, and grade were identified using classification and regression tree analysis. Manual recursive partitioning was used to identify discrete prognostic groups within the test cohort. These groups were applied to the validation cohort, and overall survival was analyzed using Cox models, Kaplan Meier methods, and log‐rank tests.ResultsAfter applying recursive partitioning to the test cohort, our initial model included six groups. Application of these groups to the validation cohort resulted in four final groups. Key risk factors included presence of metastases, tumor site, tumor grade, age, and tumor size. Patients with localized axial tumors were identified as having similar outcomes to patients with metastases. Age and tumor size were only prognostically important in patients with extremity tumors when assessed in the validation cohort.ConclusionsThis analysis supports prior reports that patients with axial tumors are a high‐risk group, and demonstrates the importance of age and tumor size in patients with appendicular tumors. Biologic and genetic markers are needed to further define subgroups in osteosarcoma.
Experimental and numerical study on the new technology of combining 7075‐W Al alloy with carbon fiber reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Yu Shixiang , Zhao Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA hybrid composite material was obtained by stacking carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) onto 7075‐W Al alloy sheet. Mechanical properties of the CFRP/Al hybrid composite material were measured by tensile and flexural tests. To investigate the flow of the epoxy, the thinning was measured using an optical microscope and the defects were observed by a scanning electron microscope. A finite element model was established to predict the thickness and the contact pressure distributions of the CFRP/Al hybrid composite material during the forming process. The results showed that the tensile strength (TS) of the CFRP/Al hybrid composite was increased by 10% and the fracture strain was increased by 24% compared with the single 7075 Al alloy. The flexural strength (FS) and the displacement of the loading nose were improved by 13% and 75%, respectively. According to the microstructure observation, large cracks in the epoxy could be found on the side wall of the U shape part. The results of numerical analysis indicated that the low contact pressure at side wall was the main reason for the decrease of the tensile and FS and the delamination between laminates.
International trade and environmental performance in top ten‐emitters countries: The role of eco‐innovation and renewable energy consumption
Authors: Ali Shahid , Dogan Eyup , Chen Fuzhong , Khan Zeeshan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe global economy is rising continuously, with a 3–4% aggregate annual growth in output, which poses a severe threat to the environment due to a consistent rise in the use of fossil fuel. Given the disastrous climate change due to the industrialization and increasingly growing demands for energy, countries around the globe are devising strategies to curb the release of greenhouse gases. This study examines the role of environmental innovation, trade, and renewable energy consumption in the nexus between trade and CO2 emissions for top 10 carbon emitter countries. The results suggest that there is evidence of cross‐sectional dependency, and models are suffered from slope heterogeneity problem test popularized by Pesaran and Yamagata. The results of Westerlund cointegration method suggest that in there is long equilibrium relationship among CO2 emissions and other variables such as environmental innovation, trade, and renewable energy consumption and income. The results of cross‐sectionally augment autoregressive distributed lags (CS‐ARDL) method suggest that in the long run, environmental innovation, trade, and renewable energy consumption and income are important factors in explaining consumption‐based carbon emission and territory‐based carbon emission.
Fabrication of Cationic Surfactant (Conventional/Gemini) Functionalized Gr@ZrO2 Nanocomposite with Faster Adsorbability of an Anionic Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Singh Sneha , Patel Brijesh , Parikh Kushan , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGraphene zirconium oxide nanocomposite (Gr@ZrO2‐NC) has been functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB or CT) or butanediyl‐1,4, bis (N, N‐hexadecyl ammonium) dibromide (cationic gemini surfactant (CGS)). Structural, morphological, optical and thermal properties of synthesized adsorbents (Gr@ZrO2‐NC, CT‐Gr@ZrO2‐NC and CGS‐Gr@ZrO2‐NC) are investigated using XRD, FTIR, electron microscopy and TGA. CGS‐Gr@ZrO2‐NC showed faster removal efficacy (90 % within the first 25 min) for anionic azo dyes (methyl orange, MO and Congo red, CR) compared to other adsorbents. This effect may be due to the creation of stronger hydrophobic region at the surface of adsorbent with CGS. Effects of concentration, contact time and pH were also seen. The adsorption efficacy remained better even in the simultaneous presence of MO and CR. Adsorption data with time showed that the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model has been obeyed. Adsorbents were regenerated successfully with ethylene glycol (∼83 %).
A Practical Synthesis of 1‐Azine‐pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones from Azine N‐oxides and Pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Bi Wen‐Zhu , Zhang Wen‐Jie , Li Zi‐Jie , Feng Su‐Xiang , Chen Xiao‐Lan , Qu Ling‐Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThrough direct coupling reaction of azine N‐oxides with readily available pyridin‐2(1H)‐ones, a facial and practical strategy was developed for the synthesis of 1‐azine‐pyridin‐2(1H)‐one derivatives in the presence of diethyl H‐phosphonate, CCl4 and Et3N at room temperature for 0.5 h. This reaction features metal‐free and mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, ease of scale up and wide scope of products.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Aromatic Amines from Renewable Feedstocks via Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis
Authors: Zhu Yuling , Yang Taiwei , Chen Yueyang , Fan Cong , Yuan Jifeng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGreen and sustainable synthesis of chemicals using biocatalysis is emerging as an alternative to the traditional chemical methods. Here, we reported the establishment of two artificial enzymatic cascades for the synthesis of benzylamine, 2‐phenylethylamine and their analogues from renewable feedstocks via whole‐cell biocatalysis approach. A five‐step enzymatic cascade containing L‐amino acid deaminase (LAAD), hydroxymandelate synthase (HmaS), (S)‐mandelate dehydrogenase (SMDH), benzoylformate decarboxylase (BFD) and ω‐transaminase (ω‐TA) was developed to produce benzylamine from L‐phenylalanine. We also obtained p‐hydroxybenzylamine and m‐fluorobenzylamine with >98 % conversion from L‐tyrosine and m‐fluoro‐phenylalanine. In addition, a three‐step enzymatic cascade comprising LAAD, α‐keto acid decarboxylase (KDC) and ω‐TA was designed for the synthesis of 2‐phenylethylamine, tyramine and m‐fluorophenylethylamine. In summary, we have developed one‐pot whole‐cell biocatalysis system for benzylamine and 2‐phenylethylamine synthesis, which might be amendable for synthesizing other amine compounds in a green and sustainable manner.
Improvement of Interfacial Properties Between Cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene Rubber and HMX Crystal
Authors: Guo Wanxiao , Li Yaning , Wen Zhiwei , Li Jian , Han Zhiwei , Wang Boliang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe interfacial strength between explosive crystal and binder usually plays a key role in exhibiting excellent mechanical properties of composite explosives. In this paper, high energetic crystal octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) was coated by the typical binder cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene rubber (BR), then two silane coupling agents were added to the composite particles to enhance the interface strength. The results showed that the BR binder modified by silane coupling agent is easier to spread on the surface of HMX crystal, and form a good coating effect. In the mechanical properties test of composite particles, (3‐Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane significantly improved the tensile and compressive strength of HMX/BR based composite particles, while 3‐(Triethoxysilyl) propionitrile decreased the mechanical properties of the composite particles.
Preparation of UiO‐66/DMBPTB and UiO‐66‐NH2/DMBPTB Nanocomposite Membranes with Enhanced CO2/CH4 Selectivity for Gas Separation
Authors: Wang Shaokang , Xiang Dongxiao , Meng Junquan , Cao Bing , Zhang Rui , Li Pei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA great deal of fossil fuel is consumed due to enormous industrial and domestic activities. Meanwhile, massive emissions of CO2 have led to global warming. Replacing coal with natural gas will greatly decrease CO2 emissions. However, this requires cutting‐edge technologies to purify CH4. Polymeric membranes with both high permeability and high selectivity are preferred but there exists a trade‐off between them. To solve the problem, we incorporated the UiO‐66 and UiO‐66‐NH2 metal organic frameworks (MOFs) nanoparticles into a Tröger's base polymer, dimethylbiphenyl Tröger's base polymer (DMBPTB). The CO2 permeability of the UiO‐66/DMBPTB nanocomposite membranes increased by 13 folds with a marginal decrease in selectivity. Moreover, the composite membranes with amine‐functionalized UiO‐66 nanoparticles showed higher permeability and selectivity to the CO2/CH4 gas pair. The best gas separation performance was obtained for the composite membrane having 30 wt% UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticle, where the selectivity of CO2/CH4 was 18.0, and the CO2 permeability was 744 Barrer.
Nanostructured Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalysts for CO2Reduction: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Perspectives
Authors: Chen Zhangsen , Zhang Gaixia , Du Lei , Zheng Yi , Sun Lixian , Sun Shuhui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising strategy for sustainable carbon fixation by converting CO2into value‐added fuels and chemicals. In recent years, considerable efforts are focused on the development of transition‐metal (TM)‐based catalysts for the selectively electrochemical CO2reduction reaction (ECO2RR). Co‐based catalysts emerge as one of the most promising electrocatalysts with high Faradaic efficiency, current density, and low overpotential, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance toward ECO2RR for CO and HCOOH productions that are economically viable. The intrinsic contribution of Co and the synergistic effects in Co‐hybrid catalysts play essential roles for future commercial productions by ECO2RR. This review summarizes the rational design of Co‐based catalysts for ECO2RR, including molecular, single‐metal‐site, and oxide‐derived catalysts, along with the nanostructure engineering techniques to highlight the distribution of the ECO2RR products by Co‐based catalysts. The density functional theory (DFT) simulations and advanced in situ characterizations contribute to interpreting the synergies between Co and other materials for the enhanced product selectivity and catalytic activity. Challenges and outlook concerning the catalyst design and reaction mechanism, including the upgrading of reaction systems of Co‐based catalysts for ECO2RR, are also discussed.
Conductive Phthalocyanine‐Based Covalent Organic Framework for Highly Efficient Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Di , Si Duan‐Hui , Yi Jun‐Dong , Zhao Shao‐Shuai , Huang Yuan‐Biao , Cao Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe electroreduction of CO2 to value‐added chemicals such as CO is a promising approach to realize carbon‐neutral energy cycle, but still remains big challenge including low current density. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with abundant accessible active single‐sites can offer a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis, but the low electrical conductivity limits their application for CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). Here, a 2D conductive Ni‐phthalocyanine‐based COF, named NiPc‐COF, is synthesized by condensation of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24‐octa‐aminophthalocyaninato Ni(II) and tert‐butylpyrene‐tetraone for highly efficient CO2RR. Due to its highly intrinsic conductivity and accessible active sites, the robust conductive 2D NiPc‐COF nanosheets exhibit very high CO selectivity (>93%) in a wide range of the applied potentials of −0.6 to −1.1 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and large partial current density of 35 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V versus RHE in aqueous solution that surpasses all the conventional COF electrocatalysts. The robust NiPc‐COF that is bridged by covalent pyrazine linkage can maintain its CO2RR activity for 10 h. This work presents the implementation of the conductive COF nanosheets for CO2RR and provides a strategy to enhance energy conversion efficiency in electrocatalysis.
Genetic diversity for starch quality and alkali spreading value in sorghum
Authors: Griebel Stefanie , Adedayo Adeyanju , Tuinstra Mitchell R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSorghum is an important food crop in many parts of Africa and Asia. Landraces of sorghum are known to exhibit variation in food quality traits including starch and protein content and composition. In this study, a panel of diverse sorghum breeding lines and 788 sorghum conversion (SC) lines representing the global germplasm diversity of the crop were evaluated for variation in starch quality based on alkali spreading value (ASV). A small number of genotypes with stable expression of the ASV+ phenotype across seasons were identified; mostly representing Nandyal types from India. Genetic studies showed the ASV+ phenotype was inherited as a recessive trait. Whole genome resequencing of ASV+ donor lines revealed SNPs in genes involved in starch biosynthesis. A genome wide association study (GWAS) identified a significant SNP associated with ASV near Sobic.010G273800, a starch branching enzyme I precursor, and Sobic.010G274800 and Sobic.010G275001, both annotated as glucosyltransferases. Physiochemical analyses of accessions with contrasting ASV phenotypes demonstrated an environment dependent lower starch gelatinization temperature (GT), amylose content of approximately 22%, and good gel consistency. The starch quality attributes of these lines could be valuable in food products that require good gel consistency and viscosity.
Carbon Dioxide Utilisation—The Formate Route
Authors: Maia Luisa B. , Moura Isabel , Moura José J. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe relentless rise of atmospheric CO2is causing large and unpredictable impacts on the Earth climate, due to the CO2significant greenhouse effect, besides being responsible for the ocean acidification, with consequent huge impacts in our daily lives and in all forms of life. To stop spiral of destruction, we must actively reduce the CO2emissions and develop new and more efficient “CO2sinks”. We should be focused on the opportunities provided by exploiting this novel and huge carbon feedstock to produce de novo fuels and added-value compounds. The conversion of CO2into formate offers key advantages for carbon recycling, and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzymes are at the centre of intense research, due to the “green” advantages the bioconversion can offer, namely substrate and product selectivity and specificity, in reactions run at ambient temperature and pressure and neutral pH. In this chapter, we describe the remarkable recent progress towards efficient and selective FDH-catalysed CO2reduction to formate. We focus on the enzymes, discussing their structure and mechanism of action. Selected promising studies and successful proof of concepts of FDH-dependent CO2reduction to formate and beyond are discussed, to highlight the power of FDHs and the challenges this CO2bioconversion still faces.
On the Correlation Between Nodal and Nonzero Level Sets for Random Spherical Harmonics
Authors: Marinucci Domenico , Rossi Maurizia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe study the correlation between the nodal length of random spherical harmonics and the length of a nonzero level set. We show that the correlation is asymptotically zero, while the partial correlation after removing the effect of the random$$L^2$$L2-norm of the eigenfunctions is asymptotically one.
Fishing for (in)continence: long-term follow-up of women with OASIS–still a taboo
Authors: Schütze Sabine , Hohlfeld Benedikt , Friedl Thomas W. P. , Otto Stephanie , Kraft Katrina , Hancke Katharina , Hüner Beate , Janni Wolfgang , Deniz Miriam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) increase the risk for pelvic floor dysfunctions. The goal of this study was to examine the long-term outcomes after OASIS on pelvic floor functions and quality of life.

Material and methods
Between 2005 and 2013, 424 women had an OASIS at the Women University Hospital Ulm. Out of these 71 women completed the German pelvic floor questionnaire, which includes questions regarding prolapse symptoms as well as bladder, bowel and sexual function. In addition, 64 women were physically examined, including a speculum examination to evaluate the degree of prolapse, a cough test to evaluate urinary stress incontinence (SI) and an evaluation of both pelvic floor sphincter (modified Oxford score) and anal sphincter contraction.

Results
A high rate of pelvic floor disorders after OASIS was found, as 74.6% of women reported SI, 64.8% flatus incontinence and 18.3% stool incontinence, respectively. However, only few women stated a substantial negative impact on quality of life. The clinical examination showed that a positive cough test, a weak anal sphincter tone and a diagnosed prolapse correlated with the results of the self-reported questionnaire.

Conclusion
On one hand, OASIS has an influence on pelvic floor function going along with lots of complaints, while on the other hand, it still seems to be a taboo topic, as none of the participants spoke about the complaints after OASIS with a doctor. Therefore, the gynecologist should actively address these issues and offer therapy options for the women with persisting problems.
Drug safety profiles in geriatric patients with Parkinson’s disease using the FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) classification: results from a mono-centric retrospective analysis
Authors: Greten S. , Müller-Funogea J. I. , Wegner F. , Höglinger G. U. , Simon N. , Junius-Walker U. , Gerbel S. , Krause O. , Klietz M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo reduce potentially inappropriate medications, the FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged) concept classifies drugs in terms of their suitability for geriatric patients with different labels, namely A (indispensable), B (beneficial), C (questionable), and D (avoid). The aims of our study were to assess the medication appropriateness in PD inpatients applying the FORTA list and drug-drug interaction software, further to assess the adequacy of FORTA list for patients with PD. We retrospectively collected demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory values, and the medication from the discharge letters of 123 geriatric inpatients with PD at the university hospital of Hannover Medical School. Patients suffered on average from 8.2 comorbidities. The majority of the medication was labeled A (60.6% of PD-specific and 40.9% of other medication) or B (22.3% of PD-specific and 26.9% of other medication). Administered drugs labeled with D were amantadine, clozapine, oxazepam, lorazepam, amitriptyline, and clonidine. Overall, 545 interactions were identified, thereof 11.9% severe interactions, and 1.7% contraindicated combinations. 81.3% of patients had at least one moderate or severe interaction. The FORTA list gives rational recommendations for PD-specific and other medication, especially for general practitioners. Considering the demographic characteristics and the common multimorbidity of geriatric PD patients, this study underlines the importance of awareness, education, and preventive interventions to increase drug safety.
Effect of anodic dissolution and passivation on X80 steel in NaHCO3 solution
Authors: Yang Lai-Shun , Yang Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of extreme stray current on the anodic dissolution and passivation of X80 steel in NaHCO3 solution were investigated using measurements of polarization curves and EIS, AFM and SEM techniques. Under the interference of anodic current (i = 0~200 A/m2), main constituents of corrosion products of X80 steel were FeO(OH) and Fe3O4. A double-layer film formed at i = 100 A/m2, in which FeOOH was in outer and Fe3O4 lied in inner. The formation mechanism of Fe3O4 was confirmed and described by the electrochemical reaction in various regions on anodic potentiodynamic polarization curve.