bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoreszenzangiografieassistiertes Management von Rezidiven bei aggressiver posteriorer Frühgeborenenretinopathie (APROP) nach intravitrealer Monotherapie mit 0,312 mg Bevacizumab
Authors: Andrassi-Darida Monika , Mais Christine , Stieger Knut , Lorenz Birgit 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei aggressiver posteriorer Frühgeborenenretinopathie (APROP) können Rezidive nach intravitrealer Injektion von Bevacizumab (IVB) trotz erfolgreicher Aktivitätskontrolle des Akutstadiums auftreten und erfordern daher langfristige Kontrolluntersuchungen bei Extremfrühgeborenen. Als Rezidiv wird das Wiederauftreten von Pluszeichen und Leckage (mit oder ohne Proliferation) posterior, an und anterior der Vaskularisationsgrenze definiert.
Methoden RetCam-Weitwinkelfotografien und Fluoreszenzangiografien erfolgten bei Therapiebeginn mit IVB (Bevacizumab 0,312 mg in 0,025 ml pro Auge), vor jeder weiteren Therapie (IVB, Laser- oder Kryokoagulation, Pars-plana-Vitrektomie) sowie am Therapieende. Es wurde das Bildmaterial von 18 Augen/9 Extremfrühgeborenen mit APROP die zwischen 08/2008 und 12/2017 behandelt wurden (GA 21 – 27 Wochen, GG 430 – 890 g) ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Mit einer einmaligen Injektion konnte nur bei 4 Augen/2 Kindern (22%) ein langfristiger Therapieerfolg erreicht werden. In 2 Augen/2 Kindern (11%) wurde bei nicht ausreichendem Therapieeffekt eine 2. und 3. Injektion innerhalb von 2 Wochen durchgeführt. Bis zu 3 Injektionen zusammen mit einer Laserkoagulation waren in 12 Augen/6 Kindern (67%) erforderlich, um eine vollständige Rückbildung der ROP-Aktivität zu erreichen. In 6 Augen/3 Kindern (33%) konnte erst mit der Laserkoagulation eine Rückbildung der Leckage an der ursprünglichen Vaskularisationsgrenze erreicht werden. In einem einzigen Auge kam es trotz allem zu einer Netzhautverziehung mit konsekutiver frustraner Netzhautchirurgie. Vor IVB war die Leckage in ⅔ auf Proliferationen zurückzuführen (12 Augen/6 Kinder). Bei Rezidiven nach IVB zeigte sich eine Verschiebung des Leckageortes nach posterior (14 Augen/4 Kinder), während nach Laserkoagulation Leckagen durch Proliferationen auch anterior der
Vaskularisationsgrenze beobachtet wurden (5 Augen/3 Kinder). Eine Therapieindikation bei fehlenden Pluszeichen und nicht erkennbaren Proliferationen in der Weitwinkelfotografie ergab sich bei 14 Augen/4 Kindern aufgrund von angiografischen Aktivitätszeichen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die intravitreale Injektion von 0,312 mg Bevacizumab zeigte sich als effektive Behandlungsmethode des APROP-Akutstadiums. Der langfristige Therapieerfolg erforderte die konsequente Erfassung und Behandlung von APROP-Rezidiven. Besonders hilfreich war dabei die Fluoreszenzangiografie in der Diagnostik von nicht erkennbaren Rezidiven in der Weitwinkelfotografie.
Prophylaxis and Therapy of Venous Thrombotic Events (VTE) in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Sucker Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVenous thromboembolisms and pulmonary embolisms are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in pregnancy. The increased risk of thrombotic events caused by the physiological changes during pregnancy alone does not justify any medical antithrombotic prophylaxis. However, if there are also other risk factors such as a history of thromboses, hormonal stimulation as part of fertility treatment, thrombophilia, increased age of the pregnant woman, severe obesity or predisposing concomitant illnesses, the risk of thrombosis should be re-evaluated – if possible by a coagulation specialist – and drug prophylaxis should be initiated, where applicable. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) are the standard medication for the prophylaxis and treatment of thrombotic events in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Medical thrombosis prophylaxis started during pregnancy is generally continued for about six weeks following delivery due to the risk of thrombosis which peaks during the postpartum period. The same applies to therapeutic anticoagulation after the occurrence of a thrombotic event in pregnancy; here, a minimum duration of the therapy of three months should also be adhered to. During breastfeeding, LMWH or the oral anticoagulant warfarin can be considered; neither active substance passes into breast milk.
Preclinical Toxicology and Anticholangiocarcinoma Activity of Oral Formulation of Standardized Extract of Zingiber Officinale
Authors: Plengsuriyakarn Tullayakorn , Na-Bangchang Kesara 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains a significant public health problem in Thailand. New effective and safe drugs are urgently needed. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ZO) is a widely used medicinal plant for the treatment of several ailments, and the animal study suggests a potential anti-CCA activity. The present study aimed to develop the oral formulation of standardized extract of ZO and investigate toxicological profiles (acute, repeated dose, and chronic toxicity), including anti-CCA activity of the ZO formulation. The oral pharmaceutical formulation of the standardized ZO extract was successfully developed with an acceptable level of contamination and physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity tests were conducted in healthy Sprague Dawley rats according to the OECD guidelines. The results showed no evidence of toxicity and death in the acute and subacute toxicity testing with the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Chronic toxicity revealed MTD and No-Observed-Adverse-Effect level (NOAEL) of 1000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-CCA activity was evaluated in CCA-xenografted mouse model. The formulated ZO powder was fed to animals daily for 30 days. Significant anti-CCA activity on tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of survival time were demonstrated at the high (2000 mg/kg body weight) and moderate (1000 mg/kg body weight) dose levels. Further investigation to elucidate molecular targets of action of ZO against CCA cells is encouraged.
Box-Behnken Design for Extraction Optimization Followed by High Performance Countercurrent Chromatography: Production of a Flavonoid-enriched Fraction from Achyrocline Satureioides
Authors: Pittol Vanessa , Ortega George González , Doneda Eduarda , Bianchi Sara Elis , Santos Marí Castro , Koetz Mariana , Henriques Amélia Teresinha , Bassani Valquíria Linck 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe biological properties of Achyrocline satureioides have been mostly ascribed to its major flavonoids quercetin (QCT), luteolin (LUT), and 3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ). The present study aimed to optimize the extraction by dynamic maceration of the major phenolic compounds in order to obtain in a subsequent step a flavonoid-enriched fraction (FEF) using high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). A 3-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied to maximize the extraction of the substances, using the plant : solvent ratio (X1
), extraction time (X2
), and ethanol concentration (X3
) as factors. One-step HPCCC semipreparative separation with a solvent system composed of hexane : ethyl acetate : methanol : water (0.9 : 0.9 : 0.8 : 1.0, v/v) was employed to obtain the FEF. The second-order polynomial model was able to fit the experimental data adequately. The linear and quadratic terms of X3
were the most significant factors that affected all the responses. The positive linear term of X3
indicated a substantial increase in extraction yield, while the negative quadratic term showed a nonlinear tendency. Linear terms of X1
suggested a tendency to solvent saturation, except for QCT. The terms of X2
did not affect the responses substantially. The HPCCC method was found to be efficient and rapid for separating the FEF with 71% (w/w) flavonoid content. Overall, the developed extraction procedure coupled with HPCCC proved to be efficient for obtaining an enriched fraction with a very high content of flavonoids from A. satureioides.
Pursuit of C–H Borylation Reactions with Non-Precious Heterobimetallic Catalysts: Hypothesis-Driven Variations on a Design Theme
Authors: Leon Noel J. , Yu Hsien-Cheng , Mazzacano Thomas J. , Mankad Neal P. 
Published: November 2019

This article presents a retrospective account of our group’s heterobinuclear (NHC)Cu-[MCO] catalyst design concept (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, [MCO] = metal carbonyl anion), the discovery of its application towards UV-light-induced dehydrogenative borylation of unactivated arenes, and the subsequent pursuit of thermal reaction conditions through structural modifications of the catalysts. The account highlights advantages of using a hypothesis-driven catalyst design approach that, while often fruitless with regard to the target transformation in this case, nonetheless vastly expanded the set of heterobinuclear catalysts available for other applications. In other words, curiosity-driven research conducted in a rational manner often provides valuable products with unanticipated applications, even if the primary objective is viewed to have failed.1	Introduction to Heterobinuclear Catalysts for C–H Borylation2	Pursuit of Thermal Borylation Conditions3	Catalysts beyond Copper Carbenes4	Conclusions
Myocardial Bridging : a study on the cadaveric hearts of the North Indian adult population
Authors: Mahajan Arpita , Patil Sachin , Vasudeva Neelam 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aims: Myocardial bridging is a common coronary anomaly characterized by the presence of a muscle bridge above an epicardial artery. It might be involved in development of several cardiovascular pathologies. The detailed anatomical study is required to help in diagnosing the myocardial bridging which has been dealt in the present study. Materials & Methods: The present study was carried out on thirty formalin-fixed adult hearts obtained after dissection of cadavers. The hearts were dissected to expose the coronary vessels. Presence of myocardial bridging was noted, photographed and recorded. Results: Myocardial bridges were found in 22 hearts, in at least one coronary artery or in one of its significant branches. Left coronary artery (LCA) was involved more than the right coronary artery (RCA). Left anterior descending artery showed maximum myocardial bridges which was most commonly seen in the middle third. Conclusion:The present study describes the morphological characteristics of the myocardial bridges in Indian cadavers which may serve as a reference for clinicians in conditions pertaining to heart.
A study on branching pattern of main portal vein
Authors: BR Chaitra , Deepak Seema , KR Dakshayani 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: An intimate knowledge and awareness of branching patterns of main portal vein is necessary before hepatic surgeries. The presence of portal vein variants increases the risk of bile duct hilar anatomical variations also. This information may be of help for accurate radiological interpretation, to prevent complications like hemorrhage, difficult anastomosis in the recipient, ischemia in the graft and allograft failure at the time of liver transplantation. Hence the present study was conducted with the objective of observing the branching pattern of the main portal vein, to measure length of right portal vein and angle between right and left portal vein. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on 84 liver specimens of human cadavers fixed with 5% formalin, collected from the Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, MMC&RI, Mysore. The parameters were measured using image J software. Results: Bifurcation of main portal vein was seen in 75 liver specimens [89.3%]. Trifurcation of main portal vein was seen in 9 specimens [ 10.7%]. Mean angle between Right and left portal vein was 146.7°. Mean length of right portal vein was 2.27 cm. Conclusion: Knowledge of portal vein variations is critically significant in surgical resection and transplantation procedures. Resection of any portion of liver should be well planned and clear identification of sub segments of liver is necessary before surgery. Surgeons and radiologists must have a thorough understanding of variants in portal vein anatomy in order to prevent injury to portal vein and for successful radiological interventions.
Comparative study of dermatoglyphic patterns in identical twins
Authors: Anita R Gune , Satish Patki , Anand J Pote 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aims: Dermatoglyphics has been studied extensively in chromosomal disorders and also in various diseases. Identical twins cannot be distinguished based on DNA. It is claimed that identical twins can be distinguished based on their finger prints, retina, and thermogram and iris patterns. It will be really interesting to know whether the identical twins have same dermatoglyphic patterns or not. Materials and Methods: 24 pairs of identical twins were examined for quantitative and qualitative similarities of finger print patterns; patterns on the palm, ‘atd’angle, ‘a-b’ridge count and palmar creases. Finger prints were evaluated for loop, arch, whorl and the data was recorded. Paired sample correlation test was applied to analyse ‘a-b’ridge count and ‘atd’ angle. Results: We have found that on comparison of finger tip patterns there are differences of about 33.33%. ‘a-b’ridge count in cases studied showed mean range from 38.23 to 38.37 on right and left hands respectively. This indicates there is close similarity in the ‘a-b’ridge count of identical twins, ‘atd’ angle showed close similarity in mean ranging from 46.23 to 46.10 on right and left hand respectively. Conclusion: Finger tip patterns is superior parameter to differentiate Identical twins compared to ‘a-b’ridge count and ‘atd’ angle.
Branching pattern of tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel - a cadaveric study
Authors: Ramadoss Kalpana , Nanjundaiah Komala 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aims: Tibial nerve is the larger terminal branch of sciatic nerve, ends by dividing into medial and lateral plantar nerves beneath the flexor retinaculum [Tarsal tunnel]. The level of bifurcation of the tibial nerve is differently quoted in text books and articles. The aim of the present study is to localize the level of bifurcation of tibial nerve. Materials and methods: 50 lower limbs from 25 cadavers available in the Department of anatomy, M.S. Ramaiah medical college and Bangalore medical college were used for the study. A reference line of 1 cm width ‘Medio Malleolar Calcaneal axis’ [MMC axis] made with OHP sheet was placed from tip of the medial malleolus of tibia to the medial tubercle of calcaneus and used as grid to classify the level of bifurcation of tibial nerve into 3 types. Type I, II, III represented the bifurcation proximal to, deep to and distal to this axis respectively. Results: Tibial nerve bifurcation was found to be type I in 92%, type II in 6%, type III in 2% of specimens. Most of the cases [32.6%] bifurcated between 5.1 to 10 mm proximal to MMC axis. The median distance of medial plantar nerve from medial malleolus was 21.28mm on left side and 20.735mm on right side. The mean of lateral plantar nerve from medial tubercle of calcaneus was 29.61mm on left side, and 28.6mm on right side. Conclusion: Detailed anatomical knowledge of tibial nerve prevents the damage to tibial nerve during various surgical procedures like fixation of fractures with external nailing of tarsal bones, medial displacement osteotomies and in tarsal tunnel surgeries.
Adrenal glands in normal and anomalous foetuses – a comparative study
Authors: C. Manju Madhavan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aim: Foetal adrenal gland is an important factor which determines neonatal survival. Adrenal hypoplasia can result in respiratory distress and neonatal death. Due to many reasons, incidence of congenital anomalies is increasing but scientific advancement makes most of them correctable. So we found it important to assess the foetal adrenal glands in various congenital anomalies. Materials and methods: 72 human foetuses [stillborn and aborted] of 12-40 weeks of gestational age were autopsied to find out the presence of congenital anomalies, and their adrenal glands were collected for analysis. Autopsies were done in the Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Morphological and histological examinations of the glands were done in The Department of Anatomy, Govt. Medical College Thiruvananthapuram. Out of 72 foetuses, 33 were normal and 39 were having various congenital anomalies. Statistical analysis of data was done using ANOVA table, graphs and bar diagrams. Result: Gross adrenal hypoplasia was noted in Cystic hygroma, Anencephaly and Erythroblastosis foetalis. Microscopically, miniature types of adrenal glands were found in Cystic hygroma and in Anencephaly. Morphological variations like disc shaped adrenal glands were noted in Omphalocoele and Renal agenesis. Adrenal hypoplasia was a constant feature in Cystic hygroma and became more evident with increasing gestational age. The observations were statistically significant. Conclusion: Adrenal hypoplasia is frequently associated with congenital anomalies especially cystic hygroma and may increase neonatal morbidity and mortality in such cases.
Two stage formation of median nerve in North-East Indian cadavers
Authors: Roy Rajat Dutta , Thakuria Santona , Bora Debabani , Das Tarini Kanta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background and aims: The median nerve is formed by the union of the medial and lateral roots from the medial [C8, Tl] and lateral cords [C5, 6, 7] of brachial plexus respectively. The nerve is formed in the axilla embracing the axillary artery. Lateral root of median nerve is a terminal branch of lateral cord and medial root of median is a terminal branch of medial cord. Variations in the formation of the median nerve are common and have been reported by various authors. The aim of this study is to observe the variations in the formation of median nerve that would help in clinical evaluation. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Jorhat Medical College, Jorhat. Fifteen embalmed and formalin fixed cadavers were studied for variation of the median nerve. The dissections were carried out according to the Cunningham’s Manual of practical Anatomy. In total 30 upper limb specimens were used for the study. Results: Out of 30 upper limbs, in three limbs [10%] there was duplication in the formation ofthe median nerve. Among the three, two specimens were of right side and one from the left side. Conclusion: We know that brachial plexus is located in axilla and axillary region is important not only from anatomical point of view but also from various clinical aspects as well. Awareness about the many variations of brachial plexus is important in understanding nerve blocks, diagnostic imaging, trauma and surgery.
Estimation of stature from head circumference in Gujarati adolescent population
Authors: Shah Ritesh K , Kanani Sanjay Kumar D , Patel Jitendra P , Nirvan Ashok B , Patel Bharat G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background & aims: Establishing personal identity is one of prime objective in forensic investigation especially when the body is mutilated or certain body parts are missing. Height estimation is one of the main parameter in establishing the identity of the deceased and head circumference can be used to correctly estimate the height. Aim of current study was to establish anthropometric correlation of stature with head circumference in Gujarati adolescent population. Materials and Methods: 150 asymptomatic, apparently healthy, adolescent and adult medical students with age between 18 to 22 years belonging to various regions of Gujarat were selected. Head circumference and height of subjects were measured using a non-stretchable measuring tape in erect posture. Obtained data were analysed by regression analysis to derive regression equations for estimation of stature from head circumference. Results: We were able to calculate mean and SD of stature and head circumference, correlation coefficient and regression coefficient between head circumference and stature. We also derived the regression equations in order to estimate the stature from the head circumference. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that there is strong positive correlation between stature and head circumference. The regression equations obtained from the data can be used correctly to estimate the stature from the head circumference in Gujarati adolescent population.
Determination of gestational age by fetal kidney length during 28-36 weeks of pregnancy by ultrasonography
Authors: BN Shruthi , BS Vinay ,   Roopkala,   Praveen
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Accurate Gestational Age [GA] assessment is of great importance for sonologists and obstetricians in evaluations of fetal development and assessment of intrauterine growth. Aims: To establish a correlation between Fetal Kidney Length [FKL] with GA during 28-36weeks of pregnancy through ultrasonography and Comparing the accuracy of gestational age derived from mean FKL with other biometric parameters like bi-parietal diameter, head circumference, femur length and abdominal circumference and by the Last Menstrual Period [LMP]. Materials & methods: Sixty singleton uncomplicated pregnant women of different parity underwent standard ultrasound examination for foetal biometry like Bi-Parietal Diameter [BPD], Head Circumference [HC], Abdominal Circumference [AC], Femur Length [FL] and kidney length [bipolar] measurement in sagittal plane. The maximum kidney length was taken from upper pole to lower pole of any one foetal kidney in sagittal plane which was compared with GA obtained by LMP. The measurements obtained were statistically analysed by interclass correlation coefficient by using IBM- SPSS trial version 21.0 software. Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the GA estimated by clinical method [LMP] and FKL. The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.79 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.67 to 0.87 [p<0.001]. FKL could predict GA with an accuracy of± 2.19 wks [95% Cl 2.03 to 2.35 wks]. Conclusion: This proves that kidney length can be used as an additional parameter to confirm the GA and also essential in detection of intrauterine kidney development and in the evaluation of fetal growth.
A study of the gross anatomy of posterior communicating artery
Authors: Narayanan Sunitha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : The posterior communicating artery is the main collateral channel between internal carotid artery and verteberobasilar system. There are considerable variations in the posterior communicating artery which have both surgical and endovascular implications. Objectives: The present study aims to study the variations of posterior communicating artery such as hypoplasia and absence of the artery. The incidences of the three types of configurations of posterior communicating artery were also noted. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 60 randomly selected brain specimens fixed in 10% formalin for 10 days in the department of Anatomy. The posterior communicating artery was carefully dissected and observed. Photographs were taken to document the observations. Results: The Posterior Communicating Artery was normal in 13 circles unilaterally [21.7%-Rt.l3%andLt.9.7%] and bilaterally in 30 circles [50%]. It was hypoplastic in 15% of circles unilaterally and in 10% of circles bilaterally. It was absent in 6.7% of circles unilaterally. Of the three configurations of posterior communicating artery, adult configuration was more common. The other two variant configurations, fetal and transitional were observed in 15% of cases unilaterally. Conclusions: An intact circle of Willis is essential for the stable and constant blood flow to the encephalon. Any changes in its morphology may condition the appearance and the severity of syndromes of vascular insufficiency in adults.