bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segment boundary detection directed attention for online end-to-end speech recognition
Authors: Hou Junfeng , Guo Wu , Song Yan , Dai Li-Rong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAttention-based encoder-decoder models have recently shown competitive performance for automatic speech recognition (ASR) compared to conventional ASR systems. However, how to employ attention models for online speech recognition still needs to be explored. Different from conventional attention models wherein the soft alignment is obtained by a pass over the entire input sequence, attention models for online recognition must learn online alignment to attend part of input sequence monotonically when generating output symbols. Based on the fact that every output symbol is corresponding to a segment of input sequence, we propose a new attention mechanism for learning online alignment by decomposing the conventional alignment into two parts:segmentation—segment boundary detection with hard decision—andsegment-directed attention—information aggregation within the segment with soft attention. The boundary detection is conducted along the time axis from left to right, and a decision is made for each input frame about whether it is a segment boundary or not. When a boundary is detected, the decoder generates an output symbol by attending the inputs within the corresponding segment. With the proposed attention mechanism, online speech recognition can be realized. The experimental results on TIMIT and WSJ dataset show that our proposed attention mechanism achieves comparable online performance with state-of-the-art models.
An extreme rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility assessment using autoencoder combined with random forest in Shimane Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Nam Kounghoon , Wang Fawu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Landslide-affecting factors are uncorrelated or non-linearly correlated, limiting the predictive performance of traditional machine learning methods for landslide susceptibility assessment. Deep learning methods can take advantage of the high-level representation and reconstruction of information from landslide-affecting factors. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based algorithm that combine classifiers of both deep learning and machine learning is proposed for landslide susceptibility assessment. A stacked autoencoder (StAE) and a sparse autoencoder (SpAE) both consist of an input layer for raw data, hidden layer for feature extraction, and output layer for classification and prediction. As a study case, Oda City and Gotsu City in Shimane Prefecture, southwestern Japan, were used for susceptibility assessment and prediction of landslides triggered by extreme rainfall.

Results
The prediction performance was compared by analyzing real landslide and non-landslide data. The prediction performance of random forest (RF) was evaluated as better than that of a support vector machine (SVM) in traditional machine learning, so RF was combined with both StAE and SpAE. The results show that the prediction ratio of the combined classifiers was 93.2% for StAE combined with RF model and 92.5% for SpAE combined with RF model, which were higher than those of the SVM (87.4%), RF (89.7%), StAE (84.2%), and SpAE (88.2%).

Conclusions
This study provides an example of combined classifiers giving a better predictive ratio than a single classifier. The asymmetric and unsupervised autoencoder combined with RF can exploit optimal non-linear features from landslide-affecting factors successfully, outperforms some conventional machine learning methods, and is promising for landslide susceptibility assessment.
IDC theory: interest and the interest loop
Authors: Wong Lung-Hsiang , Chan Tak-Wai , Chen Wenli , Looi Chee-Kit , Chen Zhi-Hong , Liao Calvin C. Y. , King Ronnel B. , Wong Su Luan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that learning is enhanced when students show interest in the subject matter. However, educators continue to grapple with the challenges, or simply do not recognize their potential roles, in the development of students’ academic interest and interest in learning in general. This conceptual paper is written under the auspices of the interest-driven creator (IDC) initiative, a theoretical synthesis effort carried out by a group of educational researchers in Asia. The intention is to co-construct a holistic developmental/design framework to guide the students in fostering their learning interests, capabilities in creation, and learning habits—the three anchored concepts of IDC theory. This paper focuses on delineating a three-component “interest loop” to guide the design of a coherent learning process that encompasses a series of learning tasks. The three components are triggering interest, immersing interest, and extending interest. Underpinned by the rich literature on interest development, we will propose suitable design strategies for each of the three components, namely, curiosity, flow, and meaningfulness, respectively. We will then explicate their respective design considerations/principles to maximize the intended effects.
S100A4 is elevated in axial spondyloarthritis: a potential link to disease severity
Authors: Šumová Barbora , Cerezo Lucie Andrés , Hulejová Hana , Prajzlerová Klára , Tomčík Michal , Bubová Kristýna , Štěpán Jan , Filková Mária , Kropáčková Tereza , Grigorian Mariam , Pavelka Karel , Vencovský Jiří , Šenolt Ladislav 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
S100A4 is a member of calcium binding S100 protein family well known for its role in cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, S100A4 also serves as a negative regulator of bone formation. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), marker of bone remodelling, is also implicated in the process of syndesmophyte formation in ankylosing spondylitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate plasma levels of S100A4 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and to determine the potential association of S100A4 with disease severity, clinical manifestations and with bone changes in a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Fifty-eight patients with axial spondyloarthritis and 40 healthy controls were studied. Biological samples were analysed for S100A4 and Dickkopf-1. Disease activity was assessed according to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a marker of inflammation. Radiographic damage was assessed using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS).

Results
The plasma levels of S100A4 were significantly higher in patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared to heathy controls (p < 0.0001). The levels of S100A4 were higher in early stages of the disease and lower in patients with the presence of syndesmophytes (p = 0.009). Furthermore, we found weak but significant inverse correlation of plasma S100A4 with the mSASSS (r = − 0.363, p = 0.030). Levels of S100A4 were negatively associated with disease duration (r = − 0.404, p = 0.002) and positively with Dickkopf-1 binding capacity (r = 0.312, p = 0.023).

Conclusions
This is the first study showing elevated circulating levels of S100A4 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, particularly in early stages of the disease prior to spinal involvement, and its significantly lower levels in patients with syndesmophytes. The role of S100A4 in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis can be suggested.
Psychosis in children of separated parents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayerbe Luis , Pérez-Piñar María , Foguet-Boreu Quintí , Ayis Salma 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background.
Parental separation is a very common childhood adversity. The association between other adverse childhood experiences and an increased risk of psychosis has been reported. However, the evidence on the risk of psychosis for children of separated parents is limited. In this systematic review, cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies, comparing the risk of psychotic disorders for people with and without separated parents, were searched, critically appraised, and summarized.

Methods.
Studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science, from database inception to September 2019. A meta-analysis, using random-effects models, was undertaken to obtain pooled estimates of the risk of psychosis among participants with separated parents.

Results.
Twelve studies, with 305,652 participants from 22 countries, were included in the review. A significantly increased risk of psychosis for those with separated parents was observed, with a pooled odds ratio: 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29–1.76), p < 0.001. The association remained significant when cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were analyzed separately. The five cohort studies included in this review showed and increased risk of psychosis with odds ratio: 1.47 (95% CI: 1.26–1.69), p < 0.001.

Conclusions.
Parental separation is a common childhood adversity associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Although the risk for an individual child of separated parents is still low, given the high proportion of couple that separate, the increased rates of psychosis may be substantial in the population. Further studies on the risk of psychosis in those with separated parents, and the explanatory factors for this association, are required.
Angiotensin-(1-7) Participates in Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity After a Bout of Exercise
Authors: Echeverría-Rodríguez Omar , Gallardo-Ortíz Itzell A , Del Valle-Mondragón Leonardo , Villalobos-Molina Rafael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A single bout of exercise increases subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; however, it is unknown whether angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), a vasoactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, participates in this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Ang-(1-7) in enhanced skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity after an exercise session. Male Wistar rats were forced to swim for 2.5 hours. Two hours after exercise, insulin tolerance tests and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in isolated soleus muscle were assessed in the absence or presence of the selective Mas receptor (MasR, Ang-(1-7) receptor) antagonist A779. Ang II and Ang-(1-7) levels were quantified in plasma and soleus muscle by HPLC. The protein abundance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), ACE2, Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and MasR was measured in soleus muscle by Western blot. Prior exercise enhanced insulin tolerance and insulin-mediated 2-deoxyglucose disposal in soleus muscle. Interestingly, these insulin-sensitizing effects were abolished by A779. After exercise, the Ang-(1-7)/Ang II ratio decreased in plasma, whereas it increased in muscle. In addition, exercise reduced ACE expression, but it did not change the protein abundance of AT1R, ACE2, and MasR. These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) acting through MasR participates in enhanced insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle after a bout of exercise.
Diaspora and Entanglement
Authors: Wright Michelle M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This essay interrogates rising interest in the concept of “entanglement” by Black studies scholars. Beginning with its definition in theoretical physics, the essay moves to Karen Barad’s “agential realism” to explore how diasporic ways of knowing are used to define and connect Black identities across space and time. The majority of the essay focuses on close readings of two contemporary novels on diasporic pasts, presents, and futures, Yaa Gyasi’s Homegoing (2016) and Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi’s Kintu (2018), to contrast “vertical” and “horizontal” epistemologies, respectively. Although Gyasi’s novel impressively and warmly constructs a Middle Passage epistemology between the United States and West Africa, this essay argues that its reliance on vertical relations between the past, present, and future is inimical to producing an equality of relations between Black subjects. However, Makumbi’s novel, while defying traditional diasporic narrative structures by focusing on diaspora within East Africa, specifically Gandaland and Uganda, and by rejecting fixed hierarchies of relations for horizontal ones, in which all Black subjects are equally knowing and unknowing, offers a model for more equitable diasporic epistemologies in Black discourses.
Inactivation of Zeb1 in GRHL2-deficient mouse embryos rescues mid-gestation viability and secondary palate closure
Authors: Carpinelli Marina R. , de Vries Michael E. , Auden Alana , Butt Tariq , Deng Zihao , Partridge Darren D. , Miles Lee B. , Georgy Smitha R. , Haigh Jody J. , Darido Charbel , Brabletz Simone , Brabletz Thomas , Stemmler Marc P. , Dworkin Sebastian , Jane Stephen M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Cleft lip and palate are common birth defects resulting from failure of the facial processes to fuse during development. The mammalian grainyhead-like (Grhl1-3) genes play key roles in a number of tissue fusion processes including neurulation, epidermal wound healing and eyelid fusion. One family member, Grhl2, is expressed in the epithelial lining of the first pharyngeal arch in mice at embryonic day (E)10.5, prompting analysis of the role of this factor in palatogenesis. Grhl2-null mice die at E11.5 with neural tube defects and a cleft face phenotype, precluding analysis of palatal fusion at a later stage of development. However, in the first pharyngeal arch of Grhl2-null embryos, dysregulation of transcription factors that drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs. The aberrant expression of these genes is associated with a shift in RNA-splicing patterns that favours the generation of mesenchymal isoforms of numerous regulators. Driving the EMT perturbation is loss of expression of the EMT-suppressing transcription factors Ovol1 and Ovol2, which are direct GRHL2 targets. The expression of the miR-200 family of microRNAs, also GRHL2 targets, is similarly reduced, resulting in a 56-fold upregulation of Zeb1 expression, a major driver of mesenchymal cellular identity. The critical role of GRHL2 in mediating cleft palate in Zeb1−/− mice is evident, with rescue of both palatal and facial fusion seen in Grhl2−/−;Zeb1−/− embryos. These findings highlight the delicate balance between GRHL2/ZEB1 and epithelial/mesenchymal cellular identity that is essential for normal closure of the palate and face. Perturbation of this pathway may underlie cleft palate in some patients.
Exploring Nonoperative Exercise Interventions for Individuals with Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Terrell Sara Lynn , Lynch James 
Published: January 2020

Pulled Text
Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is characterized by pathologic contact during hip range of motion, with aggravating movements most noted in hip flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Hip impingement diagnoses and surgeries are becoming an increasingly prevalent concern with today's athletes and general population. Exploration of nonoperative exercise interventions is warranted. Exercise professionals can safely improve postural alignment, core stabilization, gluteal activation, and range of motion in individuals with FAI.
Morphological correction and prevention of hip osteoarthritis are often primary reasons to support arthroscopy for individuals with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). However, exploration of nonsurgical approaches such as exercise intervention focused on postural alignment, core stabilization, and gluteal activation may improve motor control and hip stabilization strength and provide a nonoperative alternative to surgery.

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Phenotype of a transient neonatal diabetes point mutation (SUR1-R1183W) in mice
Authors: Sachse Gregor , Haythorne Elizabeth , Proks Peter , Stewart Michelle , Cater Heather , Ellard Sian , Davies Ben , Ashcroft Frances M. 
Published: January 2020

Background:The KATPchannel plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by coupling metabolically generated changes in ATP to insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells. Gain-of-function mutations in either the pore-forming (Kir6.2) or regulatory (SUR1) subunit of this channel are a common cause of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), in which diabetes presents shortly after birth but remits within the first few years of life, only to return in later life. The reasons behind this time dependence are unclear.Methods:In an attempt to understand the mechanism behind diabetes remission and relapse, we generated mice expressing the common TNDM mutation SUR1-R1183W. We employed Cre/LoxP technology for both inducible and constitutive expression of SUR1-R1183W specifically in mouse beta-cells, followed by investigation of their phenotype using glucose tolerance tests and insulin secretion from isolated islets. Results:We found that the R1183W mutation impaired inhibition of KATPchannels by ATP when heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. However, neither induced nor constitutive expression of SUR1-R1183W in mice resulted in changes in blood glucose homeostasis, compared to littermate controls. When challenged with a high fat diet, female mice expressing SUR1-R1183W showed increased weight gain, elevated blood glucose and impaired glycaemic control, but glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets appeared unchanged.Conclusions:The mouse model of TNDM did not recapitulate the human phenotype. We discuss multiple potential reasons why this might be the case. Based on our findings, we recommend future TNDM mouse models employing a gain-of-function SUR1 mutation should be created using the minimally invasive CRISPR/Cas technology, which avoids many potential pitfalls associated with the Cre/LoxP system.
Beyond patient empowerment: clinician-patient advocacy partnerships in wound healing
Authors: Galazka Anna Milena 
Published: January 2020

Background/Aims Enhanced clinician-patient interactions can offer benefits for patient care through harnessing shared knowledge, which can help to address challenges in healthcare. This study aimed to explore the relationship between wound care clinicians and their patients in order to understand the challenges faced in wound care as well as the innovative strategies that are used to address them. Methods A qualitative ethnography of three specialist outpatient wound healing clinics in the UK generated 120 hours of observations of consultations as well as 51 interviews with clinicians, patients and their relatives. Findings The study found that wounds were considered a low-profile condition in healthcare and a taboo by society. In response, clinicians harnessed their interaction with patients to support wound healing research and education – forming clinician-patient partnerships for wound healing advocacy. Conclusions In addition to encouraging educated participation in self-treatment, advocacy partnerships offered patients a proactive role in increasing the scientific knowledge regarding wound healing.
The management of cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano
Authors: Sammut Matthew , Skaife Paul 
Published: January 2020

Idiopathic cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano is a common pathological condition. Fistula-in-ano has been managed by a number of surgical techniques, and there is still no consensus regarding the management of this condition. Surgical techniques aim to treat and cure the fistula-in-ano with minimal risk of recurrence or complications, and to maintain patient continence. This article discusses the evidence available to inform the management of idiopathic cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano, and problems that surgeons face because of the lack of high-quality evidence.
Evanescent coupling to silicon waveguides using surface plasmon polaritons
Authors: Kim Jeong R. , Siahmakoun Azad 
Published: January 2020

In this work, we discuss evanescent light coupling to silicon waveguides using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the Otto configuration. The setup for excitation of SPPs includes a fused-silica prism, a 100 nm silver layer with a 650 nm airgap between them, and a tapered silicon waveguide located across from the silver layer. A

p

-polarized light of 1550 nm wavelength is incident at plasmonic angle of 44° to the interface of the fused silica–airgap to excite the SPP. A 2D Lumerical FDTD Solutions simulation shows a coupling efficiency of 54%. The fabricated device on a silicon-on-insulator substrate shows 10% light transmission for

p

-polarized light.
Wavelength shift with a diode-pumped continuous-wave Yb:CALGO laser
Authors: Du Xiao , Guo Jie , Wang Wei , Sun Di , Gao Yongxi , Liang Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2020

The dependence of an emission wavelength on the crystal temperature was first investigated for a diode-pumped continuous-wave

Y
b

3
+

-doped

C
a
G
d
A
l
O

4

(Yb:CALGO) laser. A maximum output power of 11 W was obtained, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 19.8%. The output wavelength varied from 1051.10 nm to 1054.72 nm with increased absorbed pump power. This wavelength shift is attributed to a change in the crystal temperature. This observation is, to our best knowledge, an original conclusion about this phenomenon in a Yb:CALGO laser. We use a temperature-dependent model to explain the emission wavelength shifts that can be generalized to any such quasi-three-level materials.
Displaying and negotiating identity through the hair bow: A case study of child celebrity JoJo Siwa and her social media fans
Authors: Andreallo Fiona 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This cultural case study examines the hair bow as a key element of identification and gender performance for child celebrity JoJo Siwa and her fans. Siwa fans are represented as exclusively female and include girls (newborn–12 years old) and their mothers identifying from the geographical locations of United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. The methods of this research include social semiotic discourse analysis complemented by archival research. Between 8 July and 11 October 2017 fan and celebrity interactions were observed on the Siwa official Facebook page and collected. To complement and contextualize these observations, news media reports, and observations of Siwas official YouTube channel and Instagram accounts were collected from 2 January to 13 November 2017. The data were examined with two key sets of interdependent questions in mind: How is the hair bow depicted by Siwa and how do the fans depict the bow? How is the relationship between Siwa and her fans depicted on social media through the bow? The findings suggested three key themes of meaning attached to the hair bow: gender, innocence and empowerment. The findings suggest that the hair bow signals femininity, but that this historically is not limited to a female body. The JoJo Bow Facebook fan community limits femininity as exclusively female. For these fans the JoJo Bow signifies an exclusive mother–daughter bond. Social meanings attached to the hair bow (including the JoJo Bow) both enable and constrain ways of being for the wearer.