bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, Alcoholics Anonymous Involvement, and Daily Drinking Among Patients with co‐occurring Conditions: A Longitudinal Parallel Growth Mixture Model
Authors: Vest Noel , Sox‐Harris Alex , Ilgen Mark , Humphreys Keith , Timko Christine 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPatients with cooccurring mental health and substance use disorders often find it difficult to sustain long‐term recovery. One predictor of recovery may be how depression symptoms and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) involvement influence alcohol consumption during and after inpatient psychiatric treatment. This study utilized a parallel growth mixture model to characterize the course of alcohol use, depression, and AA involvement in patients with cooccurring diagnoses.MethodsParticipants were adults with cooccurring disorders (n = 406) receiving inpatient psychiatric care as part of a telephone monitoring clinical trial. Participants were assessed at intake, 3‐, 9‐, and 15‐month follow‐up.ResultsA 3‐class solution was the most parsimonious based upon fit indices and clinical relevance of the classes. The classes identified were high AA involvement with normative depression (27%), high stable depression with uneven AA involvement (11%), and low AA involvement with normative depression (62%). Both the low and high AA classes reduced their drinking across time and were drinking at less than half their baseline levels at all follow‐ups. The high stable depression class reported an uneven pattern of AA involvement and drank at higher daily frequencies across the study timeline. Depression symptoms and alcohol use decreased substantially from intake to 3 months and then stabilized for 90% of patients with cooccurring disorders following inpatient psychiatric treatment.ConclusionsThese findings can inform future clinical interventions among patients with cooccurring mental health and substance use disorders. Specifically, patients with more severe symptoms of depression may benefit from increased AA involvement, whereas patients with less severe symptoms of depression may not.
Prevalence of and risk factors for loneliness in rural older adults
Authors: Chokkanathan Srinivasan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study investigated the prevalence of and risk factors (socio‐economic, health and kinship ties) for loneliness in older adults in rural India.MethodsData were collected from a random sample of 897 older adults in rural India. Loneliness was measured through a 3‐item scale, and measures of kinship ties and health status were included. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted.ResultsThe prevalence rate of loneliness was 48%. The kinship factors contributed more to loneliness than the socio‐demographic and health variables. The subjective aspects of kinship ties (relationship strain, support, family cohesion) explained more variance in loneliness than the structural aspects (living arrangements, family size). Within the functional component of kinship ties, relationship strain contributed more to loneliness.ConclusionStrategies to combat loneliness should include multidynamic interventions on strengthening family ties and promoting optimal health during old age.
Unsettling Care: Intersubjective Embodiment in MBCT
Authors: Cook Joanna 
Published: October 2020

SummaryFocusing on the place of “embodiment” for therapists in mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy, this paper reveals that care often requires an on‐going commitment to “being with” forms of uncomfortable self‐experience. This work challenges the valorization of caregiving (as “natural,” “good,” or “rewarding”) in anthropology by revealing the unsettled nature of lived experience, replete with difficult and changeable affective relations. Care emerges as a necessarily unsettled practice.
Human–wildlife interaction networks at urban blue spaces
Authors: Duke Lucy , Soulsbury Carl D. 
Published: October 2020

Human–wildlife interactions in urban areas are known to be important as they can promote nature connectedness and improve human well‐being. Most work has looked at human–wildlife interactions at greenspaces, but blue spaces have considerable potential as foci for interactions. We investigated human–wildlife interactions at three urban blue spaces in Lincoln, UK. At each location, the interactions and their duration between humans and wildlife were recorded over a period of 5 months. Questionnaires were also distributed to persons visiting these blue spaces. Interaction networks showed that waterfowl (swans, geese, ducks) were responsible for most human–wildlife interactions, with most interactions taking place in the two more urban sites, but a more diverse interaction network was found at the more natural site. User group and location were found to be significantly associated in determining both the duration and the frequency of interactions. All participants at all sites placed a very high value of importance on urban blue spaces. Our results demonstrate that blue spaces are important as foci for human–wildlife interactions and that key species are responsible for most interactions. In turn, this these interactions can promote greater connectedness to nature and long term may promote an affinity to protect the local environment.
Ground flora cover, diversity, and life‐history trait representation after wind disturbance, salvage logging, and prescribed fire in a Pinus palustris woodland
Authors: Kleinman Jonathan Samuel , Goode Jonathan Davis , Hart Justin Lane 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuestionSalvage logging and prescribed fire are commonly applied in forests worldwide, yet little is known about the combined impacts of these management actions on early‐successional ecosystems. We questioned how operational‐scale prescribed fire would affect ground flora cover, species diversity, and life‐history trait expression in Pinus palustris woodlands differentially impacted by an Enhanced Fujita scale 3 (EF3) tornado and salvage logging.LocationFall Line Hills, Alabama, USA (32°55ʹ30ʺ N, 87°24ʹ00ʺ W).MethodsThe composition and foliar cover of woody and herbaceous plants ≤1 m height were monitored before and after prescribed fire in 600 1‐m2 quadrats distributed throughout mature, wind‐disturbed, and salvage‐logged Pinus palustris woodlands. Plant taxa were categorized by growth habit and life form to aid interpretation of multivariate analyses used to illustrate differences in ground flora assemblages between disturbance categories.ResultsPrescribed fire reduced ground flora cover, but not diversity, which remained greatest in wind‐disturbed sites that were not salvage‐logged. Though ground flora assemblages remained disparate between disturbance categories, prescribed fire imposed some consistent selective pressures on plants with common life‐history strategies. Post‐fire understorey tree cover reductions coincided with increased shrub cover throughout the treatment area. Nonetheless, differences in graminoid cover were exaggerated after prescribed fire, and representation of the geophyte life form was relatively constant across space and time.ConclusionsPrescribed fire did not counteract salvage‐mediated reductions in ground flora diversity. Retention of downed deadwood maximized early‐successional plant diversity in wind‐disturbed sites. Trait‐based ground flora analyses enabled a more detailed understanding of disturbance effects than aggregate metrics of foliar cover and diversity. In ecosystems with high floristic diversity, grouping plants by common life‐history traits can provide a simple and effective means to monitor impacts of management actions on ecosystem recovery.
Thermal adaptations to extreme freeze–thaw cycles in the high tropical Andes
Authors: Reider Kelsey E. , Larson Don J. , Barnes Brian M. , Donnelly Maureen A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTemperature plays a key role in the biology of ectotherms, including anurans, which are found at higher elevations in the tropics than anywhere in the temperate zone. High elevation tropical environments are characterized by extreme daily thermal fluctuation including high daily maxima and nightly freezing. Our study investigated the contrasting operative temperatures of the anurans Telmatobius marmoratus and Pleurodema marmoratum in different environmental contexts at the same elevation and biome above 5,200 m. Telmatobius marmoratus avoids extremes of daily temperature fluctuation by utilizing thermally buffered aquatic habitat at all life stages, with minimal operative temperature variation (range: 4.6–8.0°C). Pleurodema marmoratum, in contrast, experienced operative temperatures from −3.5 to 44°C and has one of the widest thermal breadths reported for any tropical frog, from >32°C (critical thermal maximum) to surviving freezing periods of 1 and 6 hr down to −3.0°C. Our findings expand experimental evidence of frost tolerance in amphibians to the widespread Neotropical family Leptodactylidae, the first such evidence of frost tolerance in a tropical amphibian. Our study identifies three strategies (wide thermal tolerance breadth, use of buffered microhabitats, and behavioral thermoregulation), which allow these tropical frogs to withstand the current wide daily thermal fluctuation above 5,000 m.a.s.l. and which may help them adapt to future climatic changes.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material
Elevational gradients of reptile richness in the southern Western Ghats of India: Evaluating spatial and bioclimatic drivers
Authors: Jins V. J. , Panigrahi Madhumita , Jayapal Rajah , Bishop Tom R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExploring elevational patterns in species richness and their underlying mechanisms is a major goal in biogeography and community ecology. Reptiles can be powerful model organisms to examine biogeographical patterns. In this study, we examine the elevational patterns of reptile species richness and test a series of hypotheses that may explain them. We sampled reptile communities along a tropical elevational gradient (100–1,500 m a.s.l.) in the Western Ghats of India using time‐constrained visual encounter surveys at each 100‐m elevation zone for 3 years. First, we investigated species richness patterns across elevation and the support of mid‐domain effect and Rapoport's rule. Second, we tested whether a series of bioclimatic (temperature and tree density) and spatial (mid‐domain effect and area) hypotheses explained species richness. We used linear regression and AICc to compare competing models for all reptiles, and each of the subgroups: snakes, lizards, and Western Ghats’ endemics. Overall reptile richness and lizard richness both displayed linear declines with elevation, which was best explained by temperature. Snake richness and endemic species richness did not systematically vary across elevation, and none of the potential hypotheses explained variation in them. This is the first standardized sampling of reptiles along an elevational gradient in the Western Ghats, and our results agree with the global view that temperature is the primary driver of ectotherm species richness. By establishing strong reptile diversity–temperature associations across elevation, our study also has implications for the impact of future climate change on range‐restricted species in the Western Ghats.
Human β‐defensin‐2 suppresses key features of asthma in murine models of allergic airways disease
Authors: Pinkerton James W. , Kim Richard Y. , Koeninger Louis , Armbruster Nicole S. , Hansbro Nicole G. , Brown Alexandra C. , Jayaraman Ranjith , Shen Sijie , Malek Nisar , Cooper Matthew A. , Nordkild Peter , Horvat Jay C. , Jensen Benjamin A. H. , Wehkamp Jan , Hansbro Philip M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is an airway inflammatory disease and a major health problem worldwide. Anti‐inflammatory steroids and bronchodilators are the gold‐standard therapy for asthma. However, they do not prevent the development of the disease, and critically, a subset of asthmatics are resistant to steroid therapy.ObjectiveTo elucidate the therapeutic potential of human β‐defensins (hBD), such as hBD2 mild to moderate and severe asthma.MethodsWe investigated the role of hBD2 in a steroid‐sensitive, house dust mite‐induced allergic airways disease (AAD) model and a steroid‐insensitive model combining ovalbumin‐induced AAD with C muridarum (Cmu) respiratory infection.ResultsIn both models, we demonstrated that therapeutic intranasal application of hBD2 significantly reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, key type 2 asthma‐related cytokines IL‐9 and IL‐13, as well as additional immunomodulating cytokines, were significantly decreased after administration of hBD2 in the steroid‐sensitive model. The suppression of inflammation was associated with improvements in airway physiology and treatment also suppressed airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) in terms of airway resistance and compliance to methacholine challenge.Conclusions and Clinical relevanceThese data indicate that hBD2 reduces the hallmark features and has potential as a new therapeutic agent in allergic and especially steroid‐resistant asthma.
An update on the roles of circular RNAs in osteosarcoma
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Xingye , Xu Derong , Chen Xin , Li Shugang , Zhang Lin , Chan Matthew T. V. , Wu William K. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy and is a neoplasm thought to be derived from the bone‐forming mesenchymal stem cells. Aberrant activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes by somatic mutations and epigenetic mechanisms play a pivotal pathogenic role in osteosarcoma. Aside from alterations in these protein‐coding genes, it has now been realized that dysregulation of non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the recently discovered circular RNAs (circRNAs), is crucial to the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma. CircRNAs are single‐stranded RNAs that form covalently closed loops and function as an important regulatory element of the genome through multiple machineries. Recently, an increasing number of studies suggested that circRNAs also played critical roles in osteosarcoma. This review summarizes recent development and progression in circRNA transcriptome analysis and their functions in the modulation of osteosarcoma progression.
Retracted: The sensory ecology of fear: African elephants show aversion to olfactory predator signals
Authors: Valenta Kim , Schmitt Melissa H. , Ayasse Manfred , Nevo Omer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe outcomes of human‐elephant conflict range from expensive to fatal to both humans and elephants across Africa and Asia, which has prompted extensive efforts to mitigate it. Previous attempts have focused primarily on physical barriers, plant deterrent compounds, and elephant‐nuisance species. However, the handful of effective approaches are expensive and maintenance‐intensive. Here, we approach the problem from the perspective of the sensory ecology of fear, and demonstrate elephant aversion to olfactory signals of lions, African elephants' top predator. We find that elephants demonstrate aversion to olfactory predator signals, and moreover, to inexpensive synthetic mixtures mimicking these signals. This research illustrates the importance of predator avoidance even in the world's largest land animal, and provides the basis for its practical implication to mitigate a devastating and enduring problem.
Impact of donor smoking history on post heart transplant outcomes: A propensity‐matched analysis of ISHLT registry
Authors: Hussain Zeeshan , Yu Mingxi , Wozniak Amy , Kim Daniel , Krepostman Nicholas , Liebo Max , Raichlin Eugenia , Heroux Alain , Joyce Cara , Ilias‐Basha Haseeb 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeSmoking is a major public health issue, and its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is well established. This study evaluates the impact of donor smoking on heart transplant (HT) outcomes.MethodsHT recipients between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2016, with known donor smoking status were queried from the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) registry. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality, and secondary endpoints were graft failure, acute rejection, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. We utilized propensity‐score matching to identify cohorts of recipients with and without a history of donor smoking. Hazard ratios for post‐transplant outcomes for the matched sample were estimated from separate Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsOf 26 390 patients in the cohort, 18.9% had history of donor smoking. Donors with history of smoking were older, predominantly male and had higher incidence of diabetes, hypertension, cocaine use, and "high‐risk" status. In propensity‐matched analysis, recipients with a history of donor smoking had increased risk of death (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03‐1.20) and higher risk of graft failure (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03‐1.20).ConclusionDonor smoking was associated with increased mortality and higher incidence of graft failure following HT. Consideration of donor smoking history is warranted while evaluating donor hearts.
Impact of Bridging Locoregional Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Post‐transplant Clinical Outcome
Authors: Adeniji Nia , Arjunan Vinodhini , Prabhakar Vijay , Tulu Zeynep , Kambham Neeraja , Ahmed Aijaz , Kwo Paul , Dhanasekaran Renumathy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong waiting times due to ongoing organ shortage have led to increased utilization of locoregional therapies (LRTs) to bridge patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to liver transplantation (LT). We performed this study to evaluate the impact of LRTs on post‐LT outcomes. We conducted a retrospective study of patients who were transplanted for HCC at Stanford University Hospital between 2008 and 2018 (n = 302). We found that receipt of ≥5 LRTs was an independent and significant predictor of poor overall 5‐year survival (58.3% vs. 83.3%; HR 2.26, p = .03), poor recurrence‐free 5‐year survival (51.9% vs. 80.4%; HR 2.12, p = .03), and was associated with higher rates of recurrence (25.0% vs. 7.4%, p = .001). Moreover, recurrent HCC was more likely to be the cause of death (58.3% vs. 41.7%, p = .04) in patients who received ≥5 LRTs. Also, patients who required ≥5 LRTs showed an overall lower rate of radiological complete response (46.9% vs. 97.8%, p = .001) and were more likely to have more advanced pathological stage tumors in the explant (65.6% vs. 29.6%, p < .001). In conclusion, receipt of ≥5 bridging LRTs prior to LT is associated with worse post‐transplant clinical outcomes.
Sensitization rates to common inhaled allergens in Germany – increase and change patterns over the last 20 years
Authors: Beutner Caroline , Werchan Barbora , Forkel Susann , Gupta Sidhi , Fuchs Thomas , Schön Michael P. , Geier Johannes , Buhl Timo 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBackground:Sensitization rates to aeroallergens are rising worldwide. The prevalence is increasing, especially in Western countries. We aimed to investigate (1) sensitization rates and (2) cross‐sensitization patterns in skin prick tests (SPTs) for the most relevant inhaled allergens in central Germany over 20 years, adjusted for regional pollen counts.Patients and Methods:This monocentric study evaluated SPTs for tree pollen, grass pollen and house dust mites (HDMs) in 4,315 patients (including children) with suspected airway allergies, from 1998–2017.Results:Sensitization rates to almost all aeroallergens have increased significantly over time, without relevant changes in regional pollen counts. Current sensitization rates in all our symptomatic patients were highest for grass (55.3 %) and rye pollen (59.6 %), with most pronounced increases in HDM sensitization over time (from 37.8 % to the current figure of 50.1 %). However, a low but consistent proportion of tree‐sensitized patients (3.6–7.8 %) showed isolated positive SPTs to alder and/or hazel pollen without sensitization to birch pollen.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a significant rise in the total number of sensitized patients as well as increases in cross‐sensitization between closely related allergens. Individuals with unusual mono‐sensitization profiles to common inhaled allergens should be studied in more detail, since these patients are currently excluded from clinical trials for allergen immunotherapy.
Phylogenetic diversity metrics from molecular phylogenies: modelling expected degree of error under realistic rate variation
Authors: Ritchie Andrew M. , Hua Xia , Cardillo Marcel , Yaxley Keaghan J. , Dinnage Russell , Bromham Lindell 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimPhylogenetic diversity or phylo‐diversity measures use information about evolutionary history and relationships to inform conservation priorities. These metrics are usually derived from the branches of molecular phylogenies. But inferring phylogenetic timescale from molecular data relies on many assumptions about the evolutionary process, most of which are based on statistical convenience rather than biological information. Here we ask whether known patterns of variation in rate of molecular evolution can lead to errors in phylo‐diversity measures.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe generated sequences with biologically realistic rate variation, parameterized by empirically well‐supported relationships between species traits, macroevolutionary patterns and rate of molecular evolution. We then tested how well commonly used phylo‐diversity measures from these phylogenies reflected the true evolutionary history.ResultsWe show that reconstructed Faith’s phylogenetic diversity (FPD) measures differ from true values by an average of about 10% and up to 38%. Species rankings based on evolutionary distinctness (ED) are also affected by rate variation, with the ranks of taxa changing by up to 10‐11 positions after estimation.Main conclusionsWe have shown that realistic levels of rate variation can generate error in FPD and ED measures that could potentially influence prioritization ranking. Studies using metrics based on molecular phylogenetic branch lengths should consider the likely effect of uncertainty in phylogenetic reconstruction on their conclusions.
Early parenting intervention accelerates inhibitory control development among CPS‐involved children in middle childhood: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Korom Marta , Goldstein Alison , Tabachnick Alexandra R. , Palmwood Erin N. , Simons Robert F. , Dozier Mary 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChildren at risk for neglect or abuse are vulnerable to delays in inhibitory control development. Prior findings suggest that early parenting interventions that target parental sensitivity and responsiveness during infancy can improve executive function outcomes of high‐risk children during preschool years; however, little is known about how persistent these gains are through middle childhood. Participants included 76 CPS‐involved children who were randomly assigned to either the ABC intervention (N = 32) or the Developmental Education for Families (DEF) control intervention (N = 44), and 53 low‐risk children. Children completed the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT) paradigm at ages 8 and 10. Intervention group predicted performance on the SSRT at age 8 such that children who received the ABC intervention and children in the low‐risk group performed significantly better than children who received the DEF intervention (ABC vs. DEF: Cohen's d = 0.92; low‐risk group vs. DEF: d = 0.56). The performances of the ABC and the low‐risk groups were not statistically different. There were no significant group differences in SSRT performance at age 10. These findings demonstrate that the ABC intervention has long‐term beneficial effects on inhibitory control development in children with a history of early caregiving adversity. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/P9oLyfo7pYA