bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted hepatic pentose phosphate pathway directly participates in and indirectly promotes CYP3A reduction: A new strategy for CYP3A‐mediated drug hepatotoxicity
Authors: Liu Jiali , Jin Xiaoliang , Zhou Fang , Chen Hongzhu , Wang Wenjie , Liu Yan , Wang Guangji , Hao Kun , Zhang Jingwei 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeHepatic CYP450s play an important role in drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. They are altered in liver diseases and in many non‐liver diseases, such as extra‐hepatic tumours. Consequently, CYP450‐mediated abnormal drug exposure increases the incidence and extent of hepatotoxicity. This risk is often underestimated because the mechanisms underlying decreases in hepatic CYP450s in extra‐hepatic tumours remain unclear.Experimental ApproachWe used Balb/c nude mice with s.c. transplanted 4T1, LoVo and HepG2 tumours to model extra‐hepatic tumours. Decreased levels of CYP3A were evaluated by qPCR, western blotting, and metabolic activity. LC‐Q/TOF‐MS and GC–MS were used in combination for analysing liver metabolomics. The contribution of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to decreased CYP3A was assessed using menadione and silencing of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase.Key ResultsCYP3A activity was inhibited at early stages of tumour growth when no significant inflammatory response was observed. The PPP was predominately disrupted at this non‐inflammatory stage. Disruption of the PPP directly inhibited CYP3A through the chk2/p53/p65 pathway at the non‐inflammatory stage, but at the later inflammatory stage, it indirectly potentiated the subsequent IL‐6‐mediated CYP3A decrease. Recovery of the PPP with menadione at the non‐inflammatory stage, reversed the decreased CYP3A. Similar reversal was obtained with the IL‐6 inhibitor, tocilizumab. Such modulation of the PPP to alleviate CYP3A‐mediated drug hepatotoxicity was validated with dasatinib in vivo.Conclusions and ImplicationsPPP modulation at early, non‐inflammatory stages might provide a novel and distinctive approach to manage drug hepatotoxicity mediated by decreased CYP3A.
Gaussian Product Sampling for Rendering Layered Materials
Authors: Xia Mengqi (Mandy) , Walter Bruce , Hery Christophe , Marschner Steve 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo increase diversity and realism, surface bidirectional scattering distribution functions (BSDFs) are often modelled as consisting of multiple layers, but accurately evaluating layered BSDFs while accounting for all light transport paths is a challenging problem. Recently, Guo et al. [GHZ18] proposed an accurate and general position‐free Monte Carlo method, but this method introduces variance that leads to longer render time compared to non‐stochastic layered models. We improve the previous work by presenting two new sampling strategies, pair‐product sampling and multiple‐product sampling. Our new methods better take advantage of the layered structure and reduce variance compared to the conventional approach of sequentially sampling one BSDF at a time. Our pair‐product sampling strategy importance samples the product of two BSDFs from a pair of adjacent layers. We further generalize this to multiple‐product sampling, which importance samples the product of a chain of three or more BSDFs. In order to compute these products, we developed a new approximate Gaussian representation of individual layer BSDFs. This representation incorporates spatially varying material properties as parameters so that our techniques can support an arbitrary number of textured layers. Compared to previous Monte Carlo layering approaches, our results demonstrate substantial variance reduction in rendering isotropic layered surfaces.
A counterfactual experiment about the eradication of cattle diseases on beef trade
Authors: Zongo Wendkouni Jean‐Baptiste , Larue Bruno 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn response to disease outbreak alerts in exporting countries, importing countries usually impose trade bans that vary in terms of product coverage and in terms of duration. We rely on a unique balanced panel dataset that covers four‐digit disaggregated beef products over the 1996–2013 period, to estimate the effect of a hypothetical removal of animal diseases outbreaks on trade flows. More specifically, we investigate how bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and the foot and mouth diseases (FMDs) affect beef trade flows. We use a sectoral structural gravity approach to measure direct, conditional, and full effects, allowing inward and outward multilateral resistance indices, expenditures, and factory‐gate prices to adjust to the eradication of animal diseases. The indirect channels through which BSE and FMD impact trade are important. Our counterfactual experiment suggests that Canada would secure substantial gains from BSE and FMD eradication.
The role of allied healthcare professionals in head and neck cancer surveillance: A systematic review
Authors: Rocke John , Mclaren Oliver , Hardman John , Garas George , Smith Matthew E , Ishii Hiro , Constable James , Tikka Theofano , Wie Liu Zi , Williams Richard ,   Integrate (UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe roles of Allied Health Care Professionals (AHPs) in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) are wide ranging but not clearly defined. Inter‐regional variability in practice results from a lack of standardisation in approaches to the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) make‐up and structure. Traditionally, the follow‐up of HNC patients is clinician led with multiple scheduled follow‐up appointments. The increasing population of HNC patients provides logistical, monetary and efficiency challenges.This systematic review presents the roles of the multiple AHP sub‐groups in HNC with the aim of presenting how their differing skill sets can be integrated to modernise our approach in follow‐up.DesignWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, NIHR Dissemination Centre, The Kings Fund Library, Clinical Evidence, National Health Service Evidence and the National Institute of Clinical Excellence to identify multiple subgroups of AHPs (Dentists, Speech and Language Therapists, Dieticians, Physiotherapists, Psychologists, Clinical Nurse Specialists) and evidence of their role in HNC follow‐up. Evidence not directly relating to HNC follow‐up was excluded.Setting and ParticipantsThis Systematic Review was undertaken online by the Integrate (UK ENT Trainee National Collaborative) Head and Neck Subcommittee.Main Outcome Measures Most evidence was of low‐quality, and the broad nature of the protocol provided a wide variety of study models. Two authors screened the articles for relevance to the topic before final analysis.ResultsThe main role identified was improvement in Quality of Life and symptom control rather than detecting recurrence. We also demonstrate that it is possible to stratify HNC follow‐up patients using their received treatment modality and Distress Thermometers to identify groups who will require more intensive AHP input.ConclusionsHNC follow‐up covers a broad group of patients with differing needs. As such, a blanket approach to this phase of treatment is likely to be less effective than a patient‐led model where the group of AHPs are employed on a needs basis rather than at set time points. This will likely lead to greater patient satisfaction, earlier detection of recurrence and efficiency savings.
Testing the presence of marine protected areas against their ability to reduce pressures on biodiversity
Authors: Stevenson Simone L. , Woolley Skipton N. C. , Barnett Jon , Dunstan Piers 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are the preferred tool for preventing marine biodiversity loss, as reflected in international protected area targets. Although the area covered by MPAs is expanding, there is a concern that opposition from resource users is driving them into already low‐use locations, whereas high‐pressure areas remain unprotected, which has serious implications for biodiversity conservation. We tested the spatial relationships between different human‐induced pressures on marine biodiversity and global MPAs. We used global, modeled pressure data and the World Database on Protected Areas to calculate the levels of 15 different human‐induced pressures inside and outside the world's MPAs. We fitted binomial generalized linear models to the data to determine whether each pressure had a positive or negative effect on the likelihood of an area being protected and whether this effect changed with different categories of protection. Pelagic and artisanal fishing, shipping, and introductions of invasive species by ships had a negative relationship with protection, and this relationship persisted under even the least restrictive categories of protection (e.g., protected areas classified as category VI under the International Union for Conservation of Nature, a category that permits sustainable use). In contrast, pressures from dispersed, diffusive sources (e.g., pollution and ocean acidification) had positive relationships with protection. Our results showed that MPAs are systematically established in areas where there is low political opposition, limiting the capacity of existing MPAs to manage key drivers of biodiversity loss. We suggest that conservation efforts focus on biodiversity outcomes and effective reduction of pressures rather than prescribing area‐based targets, and that alternative approaches to conservation are needed in areas where protection is not feasible.
Overinformative Speakers Are Cooperative: Revisiting the Gricean Maxim of Quantity
Authors: Rubio‐Fernandez Paula 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA pragmatic account of referential communication is developed which presents an alternative to traditional Gricean accounts by focusing on cooperativeness and efficiency, rather than informativity. The results of four language‐production experiments support the view that speakers can be cooperative when producing redundant adjectives, doing so more often when color modification could facilitate the listener's search for the referent in the visual display (Experiment 1a). By contrast, when the listener knew which shape was the target, speakers did not produce redundant color adjectives (Experiment 1b). English speakers used redundant color adjectives more often than Spanish speakers, suggesting that speakers are sensitive to the differential efficiency of prenominal and postnominal modification (Experiment 2). Speakers were also cooperative when using redundant size adjectives (Experiment 3). Overall, these results show how discriminability affects a speaker's choice of referential expression above and beyond considerations of informativity, supporting the view that redundant speakers can be cooperative.
Risk factors for neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van der Looven Ruth , Le Roy Laura , Tanghe Emma , Samijn Bieke , Roets Ellen , Pauwels Nele , Deschepper Ellen , De Muynck Martine , Vingerhoets Guy , Van den Broeck Christine 
Published: October 2019

AimTo provide a comprehensive update on the most prevalent, significant risk factors for neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP).MethodCochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for relevant publications up to March 2019. Studies assessing risk factors of NBPP in relation to typically developing comparison individuals were included. Meta‐analysis was performed for the five most significant risk factors, on the basis of the PRISMA statement and MOOSE guidelines. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and across‐study heterogeneity (I2) were reported. Reporting bias and quality of evidence was rated. In addition, we assessed the incidence of NBPP.ResultsTwenty‐two observational studies with a total sample size of 29 419 037 live births were selected. Significant risk factors included shoulder dystocia (OR 115.27; 95% CI 81.35–163.35;I2=92%), macrosomia (OR 9.75; 95% CI 8.29–11.46;I2=70%), (gestational) diabetes (OR 5.33; 95% CI 3.77–7.55;I2=59%), instrumental delivery (OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.77–5.23;I2=77%), and breech delivery (OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.67–3.7;I2=70%). Caesarean section appeared as a protective factor (OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.11–0.16;I2=41%). The pooled overall incidence of NBPP was 1.74 per 1000 live births. It has decreased in recent years.InterpretationThe incidence of NBPP is decreasing. Shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, maternal diabetes, instrumental delivery, and breech delivery are risk factors for NBPP. Caesarean section appears as a protective factor.What this paper addsThe overall incidence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy is 1.74 per 1000 live births.The incidence has declined significantly.Shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, maternal diabetes, instrumental delivery, and breech delivery are the main risk factors.Prevention is difficult owing to unpredictability and often labour‐related risk.
Improving body functions through participation in community activities among young people with physical disabilities
Authors: Anaby Dana , Avery Lisa , Gorter Jan Willem , Levin Mindy F , Teplicky Rachel , Turner Laura , Cormier Isabelle , Hanes Julia 
Published: October 2019

AimTo examine the impact of engagement in a self‐chosen community‐based activity on three relevant body functions (motor, cognitive, and affective) as well as on the performance of the selected activity.MethodAn individual‐based interrupted time series design with multiple baselines was used. Seven young people (four males, three females) aged 15 to 25 years (median 18y; interquartile range 17–20y) with physical disabilities participated in an 8‐week community activity of choice (e.g. swimming, playing piano). Change in three relevant body functions, underpinning the specific chosen activity, including motor (e.g. Functional Reach Test, Trunk Impairment Scale, dynamometers), cognitive and affective (Behavior Assessment System for Children), as well as activity performance (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure) were measured repeatedly, providing individual outcome trajectories. Linear and mixed‐effects models were used.ResultsSignificant improvements in at least one aspect of motor function (6 out of 6), cognition (3 out of 3), affect (5 out of 7), and performance (7 out of 7) were observed. Specifically, the intervention had a moderate to large effect on hyperactivity (1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–1.9) with a smaller effect on anxiety (0.21, 95% CI 0.10–0.32) and inadequacy (0.21, 95% CI 0.02–0.39). Concurrently, a notable effect size for activity performance (4.61, 95% CI 0.76–8.46) was observed. Average change across motor outcomes was substantial (3.7 SDs from baseline), yet non‐significant.InterpertationFindings provide initial evidence of the benefits resulting from participation‐based interventions, emphasizing the merit of meaningful ‘real‐life’ young people‐engaging therapy.What this paper adds

Participation‐based interventions can impact body‐function level outcomes.

Significant improvements in the performance of chosen activities were observed.

Significant improvements were also seen in cognitive and affective body functions.

Improvements in motor‐related outcomes were substantial but not statistically significant.
Long‐term memory retention in a wild fish species Labroides dimidiatus eleven months after an aversive event
Authors: Triki Zegni , Bshary Redouan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMemory is essential to enhance future survival and reproduction as it helps in storing and retrieving useful information to solve particular environmental problems. However, we lack quantitative evidence on how far animals in the wild can maintain given information for extended periods without reinforcement. Here, we document correlative evidence of cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus remembering being caught in a barrier net for up to 11 months. In 2015, about 60% of cleaners from one large isolated reef had been used for laboratory experiments and then returned to their site of capture. Eleven months later, 50% of cleaners at the same site showed an unusual hiding response to the placement of the barrier net, in contrast to three control sites where no cleaners had been caught during the last 2 years. The results suggest that a single highly aversive event (i.e., being caught in a barrier net) resulted in cleaners storing long‐term crucial information that allowed them to avoid being caught again. Our results further our knowledge of fish cognitive capacities and long‐term memory retention.
Does Mattering to Parents Matter to Adolescent Mental Health?: A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Vélez Clorinda E. , Braver Sanford L. , Cookston Jeffrey T. , Fabricius William V. , Parke Ross D. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the psychometric properties of a scale of perceived mattering to (step)parents and its links to adolescent mental health.BackgroundParenting behaviors are important for adolescent development; less is known about the meanings adolescents attach to parents' behaviors. One fundamental meaning adolescents may intuit is that parental behaviors signify how much the adolescent matters to his or her parents.MethodUsing a cross‐sectional community sample of 392 children in seventh grade and their parents, half intact and half stepfather families, adolescents reported on mattering and adolescents, teachers, and parents reported on adolescent mental health. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the structure and psychometric properties of a new mattering scale.ResultsWe found evidence of unidimensionality and discriminant validity for our mattering scale. Mattering correlated negatively with multiple reports of adolescent behavioral problems (internalizing, externalizing) across all parents (i.e., mothers, residential [step]fathers, nonresidential fathers). Within intact families, correlations between mattering and adolescent mental health were stronger for fathers than for mothers.ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence of the reliability and validity of the mattering measure, suggest that mattering is important for adolescent mental health, and highlight the importance of father–child relationships for adolescents.ImplicationsOur findings highlight the value of targeting fathers, not just mothers, in parenting interventions and of considering mattering in intervention work with families. Furthermore, policies regarding custodial arrangements in divorced, separated, or repartnered families should support father–child relationships when possible.
Numerical modelling of deep rolling influence over crankshaft bending and correlation with fatigue behaviour
Authors: Fonseca Luiz G. Aun , Cantisano Artur , Faria Alfredo R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe requirements for mechanical reliability of automotive crankshafts are continuously increasing, thus pushing the demand for an optimized processing. Nonetheless, the manufacturing‐induced residual stresses at critical sites for fatigue enhancement are not clarified in the state‐of‐the‐art on the topic. In particular, there is a lack of information on the effect of final manufacturing stages to improve the component life endurance, such as deep rolling, in the overall stress state while the component is under operational loads. This study deepens the validation of a finite element deep rolling model under development with the aid of an in‐house developed crankshaft resonance fatigue test rig. The stress state obtained from the deep rolling simulation was input as a predefined stress field for the simulation of operational conditions experimented at the test rig. Test results produced cracks at the fillet radii of the cast iron crankshafts as anticipated. Overlapping the fractography with the simulation's final stress field yielded interesting correlation with the crack morphology. This contributed with a strong indication of the model correctness. Moreover, it can be further implemented to indicate whether the process parameters such as roller force and angle are fully optimized for each particular crankshaft application.
Population status and distribution of whitespotted conger (Conger myriaster) in Yellow Sea: An important migratory species along coastal China with limited data
Authors: Li Min , Jiao Yan , Bi Rujia , Ren Yiping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhitespotted conger (Conger myriaster) is a marine migratory species with important economic and ecological values in Northwestern Pacific. The population status and distribution of whitespotted conger may have changed in the eastern coastal water of China owing to the intensive fishing pressure and human activities in the past few decades. There have been miscellaneous concerns about its population trend and potential environment‐driven variations in spatiotemporal distribution. Delta‐generalized linear models, generalized linear mixed models, and a set of correlation analyses were performed to answer the above concerns, and a stratified random sampling‐designed bottom trawl survey from 2011 to 2017 in Haizhou Bay of the central Yellow Sea was conducted to collect samples. Our study suggested that whitespotted conger remained a relatively stable population status with slight fluctuations likely caused by climate variability during 2011–2017. The hierarchical generalized linear mixed models with spatial random effect performed better than the generalized linear model and the common generalized linear mixed models. Spatiotemporal differences of whitespotted conger were significantly associated with bottom water salinity, depth, sampling time, and space, which were probably mainly influenced by a combination of the Cold Water Mass, the Yellow Sea Warm Current, and the Yellow Sea Coastal Current. The predicted spatiotemporal distribution of whitespotted conger has a monthly variation matching its seasonable migration and an overall higher abundance in the deeper water than that in the neritic areas in Haizhou Bay.