bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zymosan Promotes Proliferation, Candida albicans Adhesion and IL-1β Production of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro
Authors: CHEN XU , Luo Qingqiong , Ding Jieying , Yang Meng , Zhang Ruiyang , Chen Fuxiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and the effect of zymosan (ZYM), a component of the yeast cell wall, on oral cancer remains unclear. The CCK-8 proliferation assay was performed to evaluate the effect of ZYM on the proliferation of the OSCC cell lines WSU-HN4, WSU-HN6 and CAL27, and the potential mechanism was explored by quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence assay and western blot. A cell adhesion assay was conducted to determine the adhesion of Candida albicans to OSCC cells, and the expression of related genes, including TLR2 , MyD88 , NLRP3 , ASC , Caspase-1 and IL-1β , and proteins, including TLR2, MyD88, NF-κB p65, p-NF-κB p65 and E-cadherin was determined. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-1β produced by OSCC cells were detected using a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). In the current study, the CCK-8 assay showed that ZYM promoted the proliferation of WSU-HN4, WSU-HN6 and CAL27 cells via the TLR2/MyD88 pathway. The cell adhesion assay showed that the number of C. albicans cells per field significantly increased in ZYM-treated OSCC cells compared to controls. When treated with ZYM, OSCC cells secreted significantly more pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which could enhance inflammation in oral cancer microenvironment. In conclusion, ZYM from the fungal cell wall promotes the proliferation, C. albicans adhesion and IL-1β production in OSCC, as demonstrated by in vitro experiments.
Which growth standards should be used to identify large- and small-for-gestational age infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes? A pre-specified analysis of the CONCEPTT trial
Authors: Meek Claire L , Corcoy Rosa , Asztalos Elizabeth , Kusinski Laura Caroline , Lopez Esther , Feig Denice S , Murphy Helen R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Offspring of women with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of accelerated fetal growth which is associated with perinatal morbidity. Growth standards are used to identify large- or small- for gestational age (LGA, SGA) infants. Our aim was to examine which growth standards identify infants at risk of perinatal complications during the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy Trial (CONCEPTT). Methods This was a pre-specified analysis of CONCEPTT involving 225 pregnant women from 31 international centres. Infants were weighed immediately at birth and GROW, INTERGROWTH and WHO centiles calculated. Unadjusted logistic regression identified the associations between different growth standards and perinatal outcomes including preterm delivery, Caesarean delivery, neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, respiratory distress, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and a composite neonatal outcome. Results Accelerated fetal growth was common, with mean birthweight percentiles of 82.1, 85.7 and 63.9 and LGA rates of 62%, 67% and 30% using GROW, INTERGROWTH and WHO standards respectively. Corresponding rates of SGA were 2.2%, 1.3% and 8.9% respectively. All standards were associated with some but not all perinatal outcomes studied. Infants born >97.7 th centile were at highest risk of complications. Conclusions WHO standards underestimated birthweight centile. GROW and INTERGROWTH standards identified similar numbers of infants as LGA and SGA with GROW showing stronger associations with neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia and NICU admission. Infants with suspected birthweight >97.7th centile according to any standard may require extra surveillance. Definitions of LGA and SGA should be re-evaluated in diabetic pregnancy.
Comparison of different bacteriological testing strategies and factors for bacteriological confirmation among pulmonary TB patients: a retrospective study in Tianjin, China, 2017-2018
Authors: Zhang Guoqin , Zhang Yuhua , Chen Mingting , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Bacteriological confirmation (BC) proportion among notified pulmonary TB patients in China is among the lowest in the world. This study was to understand the yield of BC using different testing strategies and patient-level factors associated with BC among pulmonary TB patients in Tianjin, China during 2017-2018.Methods A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling pulmonary TB patients reported to National TB Information Management System (TIMS) in Tianjin during 2017-2018. BC was defined as a positive result by any of the followings: smear microscopy, culture, or nucleic acid amplification test. Individual characteristics were compared between patients with positive and negative bacteriological results using contingency tables and c2 test. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to analyze factors associated with BC, calculating adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) (α=0.05).Results Of 6,364 reported patients, 4,181 (65.7%) were bacteriologically confirmed. Positivity proportion was 43.1% (2,746/6,364) for smear microscopy, 57.7% (3,380/5,853) for culture, 61.7% (1,608/2,605) for Xpert® MTB/RIF assay (Xpert) and 73.4% (1,824/2,484) for combination of the three. The unemployed (aOR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2) and farmers (aOR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.8) compared with students; diagnosis by inpatient hospitals compared with TB clinics (aOR=3.4, 95% CI: 2.6-4.4); having symptoms for ≥2 weeks (aOR=1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8); cough (aOR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.8-2.8); blood sputum (aOR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2); cavitation on chest X-ray (aOR=3.3, 95% CI: 2.5-4.3); bilateral lung lobes affected (aOR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.4-2.2) were factors associated with BC.Conclusions Combination tests was an effective way to improve BC among pulmonary TB patients. Being unemployed, farmers, having prolonged symptoms, and more severe in TB condition were factors associated with BC. We recommend combination of tests to improve BC for pulmonary TB patients, especially who are in early stage of the disease or with conditions tend to be bacteriologically negative.
Convergence of Artificial Intelligence and High Performance Computing on NSF-supported Cyberinfrastructure
Authors: Huerta Eliu , Khan Asad , Davis Edward , Bushell Colleen , Gropp William , Katz Daniel S , Kindratenko Volodymyr , Koric Seid , Kramer William , McGinty Brendan , McHenry Kenton , Saxton Aaron 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Significant investments to upgrade and construct large-scale scientific facilities demand commensurate investments in
R\&D to design algorithms and computing approaches to enable scientific and engineering breakthroughs in the big data
era. Innovative Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications have powered transformational solutions for big data challenges in
industry and technology that now drive a multi-billion dollar industry, and which play an ever increasing role shaping human
social patterns. As AI continues to evolve into a computing paradigm endowed with statistical and mathematical rigor, it has
become apparent that single-GPU solutions for training, validation, and testing are no longer sufficient for AI applications that aim to provide novel solutions for big-data challenges posed by scientific facilities that produce data at a rate and volume that outstrip the computing capabilities of available cyberinfrastructure platforms. This realization has been driving the confluence of AI and high performance computing (HPC), which is critical to reduce time-to-insight, and to enable a systematic study of domain-inspired AI architectures and optimization schemes to enable data-driven discovery. In this article we present a summary of recent developments in this field, and discuss avenues to accelerate and streamline the use of HPC platforms to design accelerated AI algorithms.
Volumetric MRI Analysis of Brain Structures in Patients With History of First and Repeated Suicide Attempts: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Sarkinaite Milda , Gleizniene Rymante , Adomaitiene Virginija , Dambrauskiene Kristina , Raskauskiene Nijole , Steibliene Vesta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Structural brain changes are found in suicide attempters, as well as in patients with mental disorders. It remains unclear whether the suicidal behavior is related to atrophy of brain regions and how the morphology of specific brain areas is changing with each suicide attempt. This cross-sectional study examined volumetric differences in brain regions among patients with history of first and repeated suicide attempts in comparison to healthy controls (HC).Methods: The sample consisted of 56 adults, non-psychotic patients without cognitive impairment and any organic brain disorders hospitalized after first suicide attempt (first SA) (n=29) and more than one suicide attempt (SA>1) during the lifetime (n=27); and 54 adult volunteers without history of mental disorder and suicide attempts, designated as HC. The MRI data were collected using 1.5 T Siemens Avanto scanner. Brain cortical thickness, grey and white matter volumes were measured using FreeSurfer 6.0 automatic segmentation technique.Results: In comparison to HC, patients with first SA had 3.5, 3.58 and 4.19% significantly lower mean cortical thickness of the superior and rostral middle frontal areas of the left hemisphere and superior frontal area of the right hemisphere, respectively; 4.09, 4.02 and 4.49 % lower mean cortical thickness of the inferior, middle and superior temporal areas of the left hemisphere, respectively. In comparison to HC, patients after SA>1 had a significantly lower mean cortical thickness (from 4.02 to 8.33%) in ten areas of frontal cortex of the left hemisphere and seven areas of the right hemisphere; from 3.90 to 6.04% difference in six areas of temporal cortex in both hemispheres. The comparison of hippocampus volume showed a significantly lower mean volume (7.86 to 9.89%) of left and right parts in patients with SA>1, but not in patients with first SA. Conclusions: Hospitalized suicide attempters had lower frontal and temporal cortical thickness and smaller parts of hippocampus than HC; these differences were significantly higher in repeated suicide attempters than in patients with first SA. Our findings suggest that repeated suicidal behavior is associated with intensifying atrophy of specific brain structures, independently of diagnosis of depressive disorders.
Determinants and Effects of Adolescent Substance Use in Africa: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Jumbe Sandra , Mwenda-Kamninga Tony , Mwalwimba Isaac , Kalu Ukwuori-Gisela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Substance use among adolescents continues to be a growing major public health concern in Africa. Recent studies infer an overall estimated prevalence of 42% among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately, this phenomenon is not adequately documented across many settings in the continent despite known negative health and social consequences on affected individuals and their communities. Little is known about the social context of substance use in Africa among this population. Our aim is to conduct a systematic review to explore determinants and associated factors that influence adolescent substance use and the effects of substance use in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, Scopus, Global Health, PsychINFO, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization (WHO) regional databases will be searched for population-based observational studies reporting on the prevalence of substance use of adolescents (age 10 - 19 years) across Africa. Search dates will be from January 2000 to December 2019. Data will be extracted from eligible publications, using a data extraction tool developed for this study. A random effects meta-analysis will be conducted to pool determinants and effects (at 95% confidence interval) of estimated substance abuse among adolescents. Alternative visual and statistical approaches will be adopted instead of traditional meta-analytic approaches where necessary.Discussion: This systematic review will describe the range of determinants and associated factors that have been found to significantly influence substance use in this population group over the last two decades. Additionally, the review will also describe the possible effects of substance use among adolescents. Documenting this evidence is important as it can potentially be used to inform comprehensive interventions and treatment programmes that are targeted at adolescents and their parents in these settings.Systematic review registration: registered on PROSPERO; registration number tbc.
The Virtue of Optimistic Realism- Expectation Fulfillment Predicts Patient-Rated Global Effectiveness of Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kästner Anne , Leong Virginie S.C. Ng Kuet , Petzke Frank , Budde Stefan , Przemeck Michael , Müller Martin , Erlenwein Joachim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence highlights the importance of preoperative expectations in predicting patient-reported outcomes of orthopedic surgeries. To date, it is still a matter of controversy whether patient satisfaction can be maximized by promoting either optimistic or realistic outcome expectations before surgery. Adjusting overly optimistic outcome expectancies in favor of a more realistic outlook on the limitations of total hip arthroplasty could reduce the risk of disappointment and lead to greater satisfaction with surgery outcomes. Our prospective cohort study was aimed at comparing the relative predictive influence of baseline expectations, expectation fulfillment and symptomatic improvement on the global effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty. Methods: Ninety patients (49 female, 41 male; mean age: 63±12.87 years) fulfilled inclusion criteria and completed a comprehensive preoperative assessment comprising sociodemographic, clinical, functional and psychological phenotypes. Moreover, the strengths of preoperative expectations for improvements in eight pain-related and functional domains were recorded on a 5-point Likert-scale. At 12 months after surgery, patients were asked to rate perceived improvements in each of these domains as well as the global effectiveness of the total hip replacement on a 5-point Likert-scale. To evaluate the relative impact of preoperative expectations, symptom improvement and the fulfillment of expectations on the global effectiveness of surgery, a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: Compared with the actual improvement at 12 months follow-up, prior expectations had been overly optimistic in about 28% of patients for hip pain, in about 45% for walking ability and around 60% for back pain, physical exercise, general function, social interactions and mental well-being. An optimistic hip pain expectation and the fulfillment of expectations for walking ability and independence in everyday life were found to independently predict global effectiveness ratings. Conclusions: In line with many authors investigating the relationship between the fulfillment of expectations and satisfaction with medical interventions, we suggest that professionals should explicitly address their patients’ expectations during the preoperative education and consultation. While for hip pain, high expectations seem to be beneficial, a realistic outlook encouraging self-efficacy expectancies should be conveyed for complex functional domains.
Can Quantum Computers Learn Like Classical Computers? A Co-Design Framework of Machine Learning and Quantum Circuits
Authors: Jiang Weiwen , Xiong Jinjun , Shi Yiyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite the pursuit of quantum supremacy in various applications, the power of quantum computers in machine learning (such as neural network models) has mostly remained unknown, primarily due to a missing link that effectively designs a neural network model suitable for quantum circuit implementation. In this article, we present the first co-design framework, namelyQuantumFlow, to fixed the missing link. QuantumFlow consists of a novel quantum-friendly neural network (QF-Net) design, an automatic tool (QF-Map) to generate the quantum circuit (QF-Circ) for QF-Net, and a theoretic-based execution engine (QF-FB) to efficiently support the training of QF-Net on a classical computer. We discover that, in order to make full use of the strength of quantum representation, data in QF-Net is best modeled as random variables rather than real numbers. Moreover, instead of using the classical batch normalization (which is key to achieve high accuracy for deep neural networks), a quantum-aware batch normalization method is proposed for QF-Net. Evaluation results show that QF-Net can achieve 97.01% accuracy in distinguishing digits 3 and 6 in the widely used MNIST dataset, which is 14.55% higher than the state-of-the-art quantum-aware implementation. A case study on a binary classification application is conducted. Running on IBM Quantum processor’s“ibmq_essex” backend, a neural network designed by QuantumFlow can achieve 82% accuracy. To the best of our knowledge,QuantumFlow is the first framework that co-designs both the machine learning model and its quantum circuit.
Beneficial Effects of Lactobacillus Zeae on the Gut Health of Piglets Challenged with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli
Authors: Wu Tao , Shi Yutao , Zhang Yanyan , Zhang Ming , Zhang Lijuan , Ma Zhipeng , Zhao Di , Wang Lei , Ding Binying , Hou Yongqing , Gong Joshua 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common enteric pathogen that causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. Lactobacillus zeae LB1 has been shown to reduce ETEC infection to Caenorhabditis elegans and Salmonella burden in pigs. The present study was to evaluate the effects of L. zeae LB1 on the gut health of lactating piglets that were challenged with ETEC.Results Six-four 7-day-old piglets were assigned into 8 groups: 1) control group (basal diet, phosphate buffer saline); 2) CT group (basal diet + 40 mg/kg colistin); 3) LL group (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/pig/day LB1); 4) HL group (basal diet + 1 × 108 CFU/pig/day LB1); 5) ETEC group: (basal diet + ETEC challenged); 6) CT + ETEC group (basal diet + CT + ETEC); 7) LL + ETEC group (basal diet + 1 × 107 CFU/pig/day LB1 + ETEC); 8) HL + ETEC group (basal diet + 1 × 108 CFU/pig/day LB1 + ETEC). The trial lasted ten days including 3 days of adaptation. Several significant interactions were found on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, gene, and protein expression. ETEC infection disrupted the cell structure and biochemical indicators of blood, undermined the integrity of the intestinal tract, and induced oxidative stress, diarrhoea, intestinal damage, and death of piglets. The supplementation of L. zeae LB1 alleviated ETEC’s adverse effects by reducing pig diarrhoea, oxidative stress, and death, modulating cell structure and biochemical indicators of blood, improving the capacity of immunity and anti-oxidation of pigs, and restoring their intestinal integrity. At the molecular level, the beneficial effects of L. zeae LB1 appeared to be mediated by regulating functional related proteins (including HSP70, Caspase-3, NLRP3, AQP3, and AQP4) and genes (including RPL4, IL-8, HP, HSP70, Mx1, Mx2, S100A12, Nrf2, GPX2 and ARG1). Conclusions These results suggest that dietary supplementation of L. zeae LB1 improved the intestinal functions and health of piglets.
Sequential ruptures of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers of ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending thoracic aorta
Authors: Kaul Pankaj , Paniagua Rodolfo , Petsa Afroditi , Singh Raj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundPenetrating ulcers of aorta, aortic dissections and intramural hematomas all come under acute aortic syndromes and have important similarities and differences.Case ReportWe report a 67 year old man with rupture of a large penetrating ulcer of the distal ascending aorta with hemopericardium and left hemothorax. He underwent interposition graft replacement of ascending aorta and hemi-arch with a 30 mm Gelweave Vascutek graft but represented 6 months later with development of a penetrating ulcer which ruptured into a huge 14 cm pseudoaneurysm. This was repaired with a 28 mm Vascutek Gelseal graft replacement of arch and interposition graft reconstruction of innominate and left common carotid arteries. 6 weeks later, however, he ruptured his proximal descending aorta and underwent TEVAR satisfactorily. Unfortunately, 2 days later, he developed a pathological fracture of left proximal tibia with metastasis from a primary renal cell carcinoma. He died 3 weeks later from respiratory failure.We shall briefly outline the similarities and differences in presentation and management of penetrating aortic ulcers, aortic dissections and intramural haematomas. We shall discuss, in greater detail, penetrating ulcers of thoracic aorta, their natural history, location, complications and management.ConclusionThis case report is unique on account of initial successful surgical redressal following rupture of penetrating ulcer of distal ascending aorta into left pleural and pericardial cavities, normally associated with instant death. The haemodynamic effects of the rupture were staggered due to initial contained rupture into a smaller pseudoaneurysm, followed by a further rupture into a false aneurysmal sac followed eventually by generalised rupture into the pleural and pericardial cavities - a unique way of aortic rupture. Further development of another penetrating ulcer and a small pseudoaneurysm in the distal arch 6 months later which further ruptured into a larger 14 cm false aneurysmal sac, which again did not result in exsanguination, is again extraordinarily rare. Thereafter he underwent emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for a further rupture of descending thoracic aorta. All three ruptures were managed successfully and would usually be associated with near-certain death, only for the patient to succumb eventually to the complications of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
INCIDENCE AND RECOVERY OF CHEMOSENSITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN COVID-19 POSITIVE PATIENTS
Authors: AL-ZAIDI HAIDER MAJID HAIDER , BADR HANI MUSA 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: the objective of this study is to find the incidence of chemosensitive dysfunction in COVID-19 positive patients and its recovery.We collected the data from Sixty-five patients, all Covid-19 positive, quarantined in hospital between 5.4.2020 and 17.5.2020, by a questionnaire distributed the quarantine ward.Results: Smell dysfunction appeared in (89.23%) with or without other symptoms of COVID-19. (39.66%) had the sense of smell recovered. Taste dysfunction was found in (83.08%) patients with other COVID-19 symptoms. only (29.63%) of them recovered. The recovery took 1-3 weeks, most cases within 1 week or less. As the only symptom before COVID-19 confirmation, (18.46%) and (15.38%) had smell dysfunction and taste dysfunction respectively. Most of the chemosensitive dysfunction affected the 4th decade of age.Conclusion: Chemosensitive dysfunction is associated with COVID-19, and may be the only presenting symptom of the disease. This makes the ENT doctors in the first line of contact with corona virus. Further objective studies are required to cover chemosensitive dysfunctions, as the recognition of this dysfunction may help the diagnosis of COVID-19, and prevent the spread of this disease.