bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of providing maternity care for Muslim women in the UK
Authors: Hassan Shaima Mohamed , Leavey Conan , Rooney Jane S. , Puthussery Shuby 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
A growing Muslim population in the UK suggests the need for healthcare professionals (HCPs) to gain a better understanding of how the Islamic faith influences health related perceptions and healthcare seeking behaviour. Although some researchers have explored the experiences of Muslim women as recipients of healthcare, little attention has been paid to the challenges HCPs face as service providers on a day-to-day basis whilst caring for Muslim women. The aim of this study was to investigate HPCs lived experiences of providing maternity care for Muslim women.

Method
Data was collected through twelve semi-structured one-to-one qualitative interviews with HCPs in a large National Health Service (NHS) maternity unit located in the North West of England. Interview participants included Community and specialist clinic (e.g. clinic for non-English speakers), Midwives in a variety of specialist roles (7), Gynaecology Nurses (2), Breastfeeding Support Workers (2) and a Sonographer (1). The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically.

Results
The majority of participants expressed an understanding of some religious values and practices related to Muslim women, such as fasting the month of Ramadhan and that pregnant and breastfeeding women are exempt from this. However, HCPs articulated the challenges they faced when dealing with certain religious values and practices, and how they tried to respond to Muslim women’s specific needs. Emerging themes included: 1) HCPs perceptions about Muslim women; 2) HCPs understanding and awareness of religious practices; 3) HCPs approaches in addressing and supporting Muslim women’s religious needs; 4) Importance of training in providing culturally and religiously appropriate woman-centred care.

Conclusion
Through this study we gained insight into the day-to-day experiences of HCPs providing care provision for Muslim women. HCPs showed an understanding of the importance of religious and cultural practices in addressing the needs of Muslim women as part of their role as maternity care providers. However, they also identified a need to develop training programmes that focus on cultural and religious practices and their impact on women’s health care needs. This will help support HCPs in overcoming the challenges faced when dealing with needs of women from different backgrounds.
Validation of the effectiveness of a digital integrated healthcare platform utilizing an AI-based dietary management solution and a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system for diabetes management: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Sung Woon , Kim Gyuri , Hwang You-Cheol , Lee Woo Je , Park Hyunjin , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the numerous healthcare smartphone applications for self-management of diabetes, patients often fail to use these applications consistently due to various limitations, including difficulty in inputting dietary information by text search and inconvenient and non-persistent self-glucose measurement by home glucometer. We plan to apply a digital integrated healthcare platform using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based dietary management solution and a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) to overcome those limitations. Furthermore, medical staff will be performing monitoring and intervention to encourage continuous use of the program. The aim of this trial is to examine the efficacy of the program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have HbA1c 53–69 mmol/mol (7.0–8.5%) and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 mg/m2.

Methods
This is a 48-week, open-label, randomized, multicenter trial consisting of patients with type 2 diabetes. The patients will be randomly assigned to three groups: control group A will receive routine diabetes care; experimental group B will use the digital integrated healthcare platform by themselves without feedback; and experimental group C will use the digital integrated healthcare platform with continuous glucose monitoring and feedback from medical staff. There are five follow-up measures: baseline and post-intervention at weeks 12, 24, 36, and 48. The primary end point is change in HbA1c from baseline to six months after the intervention.

Discussion
This trial will verify the effectiveness of a digital integrated healthcare platform with an AI-driven dietary solution and a real-time CGMS in patients with T2DM.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 04161170, registered on 08 November 2019.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04161170?term=NCT04161170&draw=2&rank=1
Identifying diagnosis evidence of cardiogenic stroke from Chinese echocardiograph reports
Authors: Qin Lu , Xu Xiaowei , Ding Lingling , Li Zixiao , Li Jiao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiogenic stroke has increasing morbidity in China and brought economic burden to patient families. In cardiogenic stroke diagnosis, echocardiograph examination is one of the most important examinations. Sonographers will investigate patients’ heart via echocardiograph, and describe them in the echocardiograph reports. In this study, we developed a machine learning model to automatically identify diagnosis evidences of cardiogenic stroke providing to neurologist for clinical decision making.

Methods
We collected 4188 Chinese echocardiograph reports of 4018 patients, with average length 177 Chinese characters in free-text style. Collaborating with neurologists and sonographers, we summarized 149 phrases on diagnosis evidence of cardiogenic stroke such as “二尖瓣重度狭窄” (severe mitral stenosis), “主动脉瓣退行性变” (aortic valve degeneration) and so on. Furthermore, we developed an annotated corpus via mapping 149 phrases to the 4188 reports. We selected 11 most frequent diagnosis evidence types such as “二尖瓣狭窄” (mitral stenosis) for further identifying. The generated corpus is divided into training set and testing set in the ratio of 8:2, which is used to train and validate a machine learning model to identify the evidence of cardiogenic stroke using BiLSTM-CRF algorithm.

Results
Our machine learning method achieved the average performance on the diagnosis evidence identification is 98.03, 90.17 and 93.94% respectively. In addition, our method is capable to identify the novel diagnosis evidence of cardiogenic stroke description such as “二尖瓣中-重度狭窄” (mitral stenosis), “主动脉瓣退行性病变” (aortic valve calcification) et al.

Conclusions
In this study, we analyze the structure of the echocardiograph reports and summarized 149 phrases on diagnosis evidence of cardiogenic stroke. We use the phrases to generate an annotated corpus automatically, which greatly reduces the cost of manual annotation. The model trained based on the corpus also has a good performance on the testing set. The method of automatically identifying diagnosis evidence of cardiogenic stroke proposed in this study will be further refined in the practice.
High prevalence of rare FBLIM1 gene variants in an Italian cohort of patients with Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO)
Authors: d’Adamo Adamo Pio , Bianco Anna Monica , Ferrara Giovanna , La Bianca Martina , Insalaco Antonella , Tommasini Alberto , Pardeo Manuela , Cattalini Marco , La Torre Francesco , Finetti Martina , Alizzi Clotilde , Simonini Gabriele , Messia Virginia , Pastore Serena , Cimaz Rolando , Gattorno Marco , Taddio Andrea ,   for the Italian Pediatric Rheumatology Study Group
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
FBLIM1 gene has been recently demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of bone sterile inflammation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prevalence of FBLIM1 gene variants in a cohort of 80 Italian patients with Chronic Non-bacterial Osteomyelitis (CNO).

Methods
The coding regions of FBLIM1 gene were sequenced in a cohort of 80 patients with CNO using DNA extracted from blood lymphocytes, and PCR products were sequenced. Only rare (global MAF < 2%), coding variants detected were considered. Clinical evaluation of patients with rare variants and those without was performed. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical and ordinal data, and Student’s t-test was used to analyze continuous data.

Results
Eighteen out of 80 patients (~ 22%) presented at least one rare coding variant in FBLIM1. Eight patients presented a variant never associated before with CNO. All patients presented classical features of CNO and no statistical difference between patients with presence of FBLMI1 variants and those without were found in terms of clinical manifestation, treatment, and outcome.

Conclusion
Considering the high frequency of rare variants in our CNO cohort, our data seem to confirm a possible role of FBLIM1 in the pathogenesis of CNO suggesting that CNO is a disorder of chronic inflammation and imbalanced bone remodeling.
Intermediate gastropod hosts of major feline cardiopulmonary nematodes in an area of wildcat and domestic cat sympatry in Greece
Authors: Dimzas Dimitris , Morelli Simone , Traversa Donato , Di Cesare Angela , Van Bourgonie Yoo Ree , Breugelmans Karin , Backeljau Thierry , di Regalbono Antonio Frangipane , Diakou Anastasia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The metastrongyloid nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Angiostrongylus chabaudi are cardiopulmonary parasites affecting domestic cats (Felis catus) and wildcats (Felis silvestris). Although knowledge on these nematodes has been improved in the past years, gaps in our knowledge of their distribution and role of gastropods as intermediate hosts in Europe still exist. This study reports on the presence of these nematodes and their intermediate hosts in an area in Greece where domestic cats and wildcats occur in sympatry.

Methods
Terrestrial gastropods were collected in the field and identified morphologically and by mitochondrial DNA-sequence analysis. Metastrongyloid larvae were detected by artificial digestion, morphologically identified to the species and stage level and their identity was molecularly confirmed.

Results
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus was found in the snails Massylaea vermiculata and Helix lucorum, T. brevior in the slug Tandonia sp., and A. chabaudi in the slug Limax sp. and the snails H. lucorum and M. vermiculata.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge this study provides the first reports of (i) terrestrial gastropods being naturally infected with A. chabaudi, (ii) T. brevior naturally infecting terrestrial gastropods in Europe, and (iii) A. abstrusus naturally infecting terrestrial gastropods in Greece. Furthermore, the present study describes for the first time developmental stages of A. chabaudi and T. brevior in naturally infected gastropods. The biological characteristics of various intermediate gastropod hosts that could influence the distribution and expansion of feline cardiopulmonary nematodes are discussed, along with epizootiological implications and perspectives.
Water content of the endothelial glycocalyx layer estimated by volume kinetic analysis
Authors: Hahn Robert G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe water volume of the endothelial glycocalyx layer has been estimated at 0.7 to 1.7 L using tracer methods of unclear value. The present study attempts to measure this fluid volume by analyzing the kinetics of a crystalloid fluid load.MethodsAn intravenous infusion of approximately 1 L of Ringer’s acetate was administered to 35 healthy volunteers, and the central volume of distribution of the water volume was calculated from the urinary excretion and frequent measurements of the fluid-induced hemodilution using mixed-effects modeling software. Comparisons were made with the plasma volume derived from three published anthropometric regression equations based on isotope measurements. In a second analysis, up to 2.5 L of Ringer’s was administered to 60 volunteers selected from a cohort of 160 to have as similar hematocrits as possible to the volunteers whose data were used to create the anthropometric equations.ResultsVolume kinetics showed that the infused crystalloid fluid occupied a larger central fluid space than was estimated with the isotope measurements. The first analysis of the 35 subjects indicated a mean difference of 0.51 L in males and 0.49 L in females. The second, larger analysis showed a mean excess volume of 0.43 L, which was approximately 15% of the circulating plasma volume.ConclusionsA crystalloid fluid load expands a 0.4–0.5 L larger central fluid space than the circulating plasma volume. The excess volume is probably located in the glycocalyx layer.
Collaborative, Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Cancer Variants Through Virtual Molecular Tumor Boards Informs Local Clinical Practices
Authors: Rao Shruti , Pitel Beth , Wagner Alex H. , Boca Simina M. , McCoy Matthew , King Ian , Gupta Samir , Park Ben Ho , Warner Jeremy L. , Chen James , Rogan Peter K. , Chakravarty Debyani , Griffith Malachi , Griffith Obi L. , Madhavan Subha 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE The cancer research community is constantly evolving to better understand tumor biology, disease etiology, risk stratification, and pathways to novel treatments. Yet the clinical cancer genomics field has been hindered by redundant efforts to meaningfully collect and interpret disparate data types from multiple high-throughput modalities and integrate into clinical care processes. Bespoke data models, knowledgebases, and one-off customized resources for data analysis often lack adequate governance and quality control needed for these resources to be clinical grade. Many informatics efforts focused on genomic interpretation resources for neoplasms are underway to support data collection, deposition, curation, harmonization, integration, and analytics to support case review and treatment planning. METHODS In this review, we evaluate and summarize the landscape of available tools, resources, and evidence used in the evaluation of somatic and germline tumor variants within the context of molecular tumor boards. RESULTS Molecular tumor boards (MTBs) are collaborative efforts of multidisciplinary cancer experts equipped with genomic interpretation resources to aid in the delivery of accurate and timely clinical interpretations of complex genomic results for each patient, within an institution or hospital network. Virtual MTBs (VMTBs) provide an online forum for collaborative governance, provenance, and information sharing between experts outside a given hospital network with the potential to enhance MTB discussions. Knowledge sharing in VMTBs and communication with guideline-developing organizations can lead to progress evidenced by data harmonization across resources, crowd-sourced and expert-curated genomic assertions, and a more informed and explainable usage of artificial intelligence. CONCLUSION Advances in cancer genomics interpretation aid in better patient and disease classification, more streamlined identification of relevant literature, and a more thorough review of available treatments and predicted patient outcomes.
Effect of FibroScan test in antiviral therapy for HBV-infected patients with ALT <2 upper limit of normal
Authors: Han Xian-Zhi , Zhang Shu-Feng , Yi Jia-Yin , Wang Bin , Sun Hui-Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to detect the liver stiffness of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients with an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level of <2 upper limit of normal (2ULN) by FibroScan and compare histological changes to assess the progression of liver lesions and its test results.MethodsThere were 36 patients who had a liver FibroScan degree of >7.3 KD (F1), and a liver biopsy was conducted. Along with serology of liver fibrosis, indexes and hierarchical processing were used for evaluation. The correlation between these factors was analyzed.ResultsThe histopathological results of the liver were closely correlated with liver hardness. In the pathological diagnosis of chronic hepatitis, G represents the grade of inflammation and S represents the stage of hepatic fibrosis. Pathological examination resultsof H&E staining of liver tissue sectionsrevealed that the area under the work characteristic curve of the subjects in G2S1, G2S2, G3S2, and G3S3 stages was 0.923, 0.916, 0.955, and 0.971, respectively, with diagnostic cut-off values of 9.03, 9.85, 15.14, and 30.67, respectively. Furthermore, hydroxyapatite, type III procollagen, laminin, and type IV collagen of serum fibrosis indexes are associated with liver stiffness values (P< 0.05).ConclusionFibroScan can be used as an alternative to liver biopsy. It is meaningful in determining whether HBV infected patients with an ALT level of <2 ULN should receive antiviral therapy.
Seaweed resources of Tanzania: status, potential species, challenges and development potentials
Authors: Msuya Flower E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTanzania is endowed with a rich biodiversity of seaweed species that grow naturally in its oligotrophic waters of the Western Indian Ocean. Most of these species are unexploited. Only two red seaweedsEucheumaandKappaphycushave been studied for commercial farming and the industrial production is based on these species. Another genus of red seaweed,Gracilaria, has been studied and experimented upon for potential farming while others such as the greenUlva, the redHypneaand the brownSargassumhave been mentioned as potential species for farming. Farming technology used to cultivate the two commercial species is the shallow water off-bottom technology which is badly affected by the increase in surface seawater temperatures (climate change), causing massive die-backs and decreased seaweed production. Some deeper-water farming technologies have been developed but only tubular nets show promise and have been piloted. A number of opportunities exist in seaweed farming, which can be used to advance the industry. The future of the seaweed industry in Tanzania will depend on using the existing opportunities, including utilising the seaweed species already studied, exploring the potential of other seaweed species for farming, development of deeper-water farming technologies, added-value, and ensuring availability of good quality seed material.
A Neuron Noise-Injection Technique for Privacy Preserving Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Adesuyi Tosin A. , Kim Byeong Man 
Published: July 2020

AbstractData is the key to information mining that unveils hidden knowledge. The ability to revealed knowledge relies on the extractable features of a dataset and likewise the depth of the mining model. Conversely, several of these datasets embed sensitive information that can engender privacy violation and are subsequently used to build deep neural network (DNN) models. Recent approaches to enact privacy and protect data sensitivity in DNN models does decline accuracy, thus, giving rise to significant accuracy disparity between a non-private DNN and a privacy preserving DNN model. This accuracy gap is due to the enormous uncalculated noise flooding and the inability to quantify the right level of noise required to perturb distinct neurons in the DNN model, hence, a dent in accuracy. Consequently, this has hindered the use of privacy protected DNN models in real life applications. In this paper, we present a neuron noise-injection technique based on layer-wise buffered contribution ratio forwarding and ϵ-differential privacy technique to preserve privacy in a DNN model. We adapt a layer-wise relevance propagation technique to compute contribution ratio for each neuron in our network at the pre-training phase. Based on the proportion of each neuron’s contribution ratio, we generate a noise-tuple via the Laplace mechanism, and this helps to eliminate unwanted noise flooding. The noise-tuple is subsequently injected into the training network through its neurons to preserve privacy of the training dataset in a differentially private manner. Hence, each neuron receives right proportion of noise as estimated via contribution ratio, and as a result, unquantifiable noise that drops accuracy of privacy preserving DNN models is avoided. Extensive experiments were conducted based on three real-world datasets and their results show that our approach was able to narrow down the existing accuracy gap to a close proximity, as well outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in this context.
Examining the patterns of uncertainty across clinical reasoning tasks: effects of contextual factors on the clinical reasoning process
Authors: Ramani Divya , Soh Michael , Merkebu Jerusalem , Durning Steven J. , Battista Alexis , McBee Elexis , Ratcliffe Temple , Konopasky Abigail 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Uncertainty is common in clinical reasoning given the dynamic processes required to come to a diagnosis. Though some uncertainty is expected during clinical encounters, it can have detrimental effects on clinical reasoning. Likewise, evidence has established the potentially detrimental effects of the presence of distracting contextual factors (i.e., factors other than case content needed to establish a diagnosis) in a clinical encounter on clinical reasoning. The purpose of this study was to examine how linguistic markers of uncertainty overlap with different clinical reasoning tasks and how distracting contextual factors might affect physicians’ clinical reasoning process.

Methods
In this descriptive exploratory study, physicians participated in a live or video recorded simulated clinical encounter depicting a patient with unstable angina with and without contextual factors. Transcribed think-aloud reflections were coded using Goldszmidt’s clinical reasoning task typology (26 tasks encompassing the domains of framing, diagnosis, management, and reflection) and then those coded categories were examined using linguistic markers of uncertainty (e.g., probably, possibly, etc.).

Results
Thirty physicians with varying levels of experience participated. Consistent with expectations, descriptive analysis revealed that physicians expressed more uncertainty in cases with distracting contextual factors compared to those without. Across the four domains of reasoning tasks, physicians expressed the most uncertainty in diagnosis and least in reflection.

Conclusions
These results highlight how linguistic markers of uncertainty can shed light on the role contextual factors might play in uncertainty which can lead to error and why it is essential to find ways of managing it.
Modeling the spread of Covid-19 pandemic: case of Morocco
Authors: Lotfi Bilal , Lotfi Ismail , Aoun Oussama 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
This paper is establishing the relationship between the spreading dynamics of the Covid-19 pandemic in Morocco and the efficiency of the measures and actions taken by public authorities to contain it. The main objective is to predict the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco and to estimate the time needed for its disappearance.

Methods
For these reasons, we have highlighted the role of mathematical models in understanding the transmission chain of this virus as well as its future evolution. Then we used the SIR epidemiological model, which proves to be well suited to address this issue. It shows that identification of the key parameters of this pandemic, such as the probability of transmission, should help to adequately explain its behaviour and make it easier to predict its progress.

Results
As a result, the measures and actions taken by the public authorities in Morocco allowed to record lower number of virus reproduction than many countries.

Conclusion
So, in the case of Morocco, we were able to predict that the Covid-19 pandemic should disappear in a shorter time and without registering a larger number of infected individuals compared to other countries.