bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Half of children with recurrent or chronic wet cough before three years of age were symptom‐free by age seven
Authors: Sørensen Karen Galta , Mikalsen Ingvild Bruun , Neven Axel , Øymar Knut 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to study the natural course of recurrent episodic and chronic wet cough in preschool children, the proportion and age of resolution, and risk factors for persistent symptoms.MethodsParents of children with recurrent or chronic wet cough who had attended the outpatient clinic before the age of three years during 2010‐2013 at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway, answered a questionnaire regarding clinical symptoms and current medication at a follow‐up in 2017‐2018.ResultsWe invited 840 children to participate, and parents consented for 348 (41.4%) of the children. At the first outpatient visit, 171 children (58.8%) had recurrent episodic and 120 (41.2%) had chronic wet cough. At follow‐up at a median age of 82 months, 57.0% in both groups were symptom‐free, and 9.4% with episodic cough and 13.3% with chronic cough had more than mild symptoms. During the last 12 months prior to the survey, 27.2% with episodic cough and 18.6% with chronic cough had used inhaled corticosteroids.ConclusionHalf of the preschool children with recurrent episodic or chronic wet cough outgrew their symptoms by the median age of seven years, but one in four still used inhaled corticosteroids.
Survey on screening for paediatric non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in clinical practice in Dutch hospitals
Authors: Draijer Laura G. , Haggenburg Sabine , Benninga Marc A. , Chegary Malika , Koot Bart G. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent liver disease that affects 34% of children with obesity. Besides the liver‐related morbidity, NAFLD also increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases at adult age. Diverse screening recommendations exist on paediatric NAFLD. The aim of this study was to assess screening practices among paediatricians managing children with obesity in the Netherlands.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2017, an Internet‐based survey was sent to all 167 members of the endocrinology section of the Dutch Paediatricians Society, that includes all paediatricians involved in obesity care. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) were used to analyse responses.ResultsIn total, 42/167 (25%) of the invited paediatricians responded. Thirty‐six of 42 respondents (86%) screen for NAFLD. One‐third of those do not follow any guideline. Most respondents use ALT as screening tool, with thresholds varying between 21‐80 IU/L. The majority (29/36) indicate they lack guidance on screening and follow‐up.ConclusionIn this study sample of Dutch paediatricians, screening for paediatric NAFLD is widely, albeit not universally, performed and in a highly variable way. This underlines the need come to a uniform and comprehensive screening strategy and raise awareness about NAFLD among physicians treating children with obesity.
The timing of cognitive aid access during simulated pediatric intraoperative critical events
Authors: Clebone Anna , Watkins Scott C. , Tung Avery 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany cognitive aids are formatted in a step‐by‐step fashion with the intent that the aid will be accessed at the beginning of a critical event and that key behaviors will be performed in sequence.AimsWe hypothesized that, during simulated pediatric intraoperative critical events, anesthesia clinicians may not use cognitive aids immediately after the onset of a critical event but instead access the aid only after first performing several key behaviors.Materials and MethodsThis manuscript is a re‐analysis of previously published simulation data. The original study involved 89 clinicians participating in 143 pediatric intraoperative events divided into 6 types: arrhythmia, venous air embolus, hypoxemia, malignant hyperthermia, hypotension, and supraventricular tachycardia. For each trial involving cognitive aid use, we measured the time from event trigger to cognitive aid use, and the number and type of key behaviors performed by simulation participants prior to cognitive aid access.ResultsCognitive aid use was sought in 66 of 93 trials where it was available. Sufficient data for this analysis were available in 65 trials. The average time from event trigger to first cognitive aid use was 258 seconds. In 62/65 trials (95%), the cognitive aid was accessed after at least one key behavior had already been performed. The time from event trigger to cognitive aid use varied by type of scenario (P = .03,df5, adjusted H 12.78), with the shortest time for “supraventricular tachycardia” (90 [66,156] seconds (median [IQR]) and the longest time for “hypoxemia” (354 [192,492] seconds).ConclusionIn simulated critical events, anesthesia residents and student nurse anesthetists often consulted a cognitive aid only after first performing at least some key behaviors. Incorporating the possibility of delayed access into critical event cognitive aid design may facilitate the effectiveness of that aid.
The recombinant isolate of cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus from Brazil is a polerovirus transmitted by whiteflies
Authors: Costa Thiago M. , Inoue‐Nagata Alice K. , Vidal Andreza H. , Ribeiro Simone da G. , Nagata Tatsuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe severe yellowing disease (amarelão) on melon plants is a serious problem in Brazil, although the causative agent remained unknown for a long time. Recently, recombinant isolates of cucurbit aphid‐borne yellows virus (CABYV) were reported as the possible causative agents of this disease on melon plants. Although aphids are known to be the vectors of the common type of CABYV isolates, almost no aphid colony was observed in the major melon fields in Brazil with high incidence of the severe yellowing disease. In contrast, whiteflies are often abundant. Based on this observation, the hypothesis of the transmission of recombinant CABYV by whiteflies was evaluated. After thorough transmission experiments, we found that this recombinant CABYV isolate was transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, but not by Aphis gossipii. Furthermore, the host response by whitefly‐based inoculation in cucurbits and other indicator plants showed differences in host range when compared to the common type of CABYV. Due to its transmissibility by the whitefly and the distant relationship of the P3/P5 protein to CABYV, the name “cucurbit whitefly‐borne yellows virus” is proposed for this recombinant CABYV. This is the second report of polerovirus transmission by the whitefly B. tabaci, following the report of pepper whitefly‐borne vein yellows virus.
The influence of Aspidisca cicada on nitrifying bacteria and the morphology of flocs in activated sludge
Authors: Sobczyk Mateusz , Pajdak‐Stós Agnieszka , Fiałkowska Edyta , Fyda Janusz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrawling ciliates play important role in activated sludge as they improve flocculation and remove loosely attached bacteria from the flocs. However, there are discrepancies concerning their influence on nitrifying bacteria and nitrification efficiency. We conducted a five weeks experiment in six bioreactors simulating the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) process using activated sludge from a plant in start‐up phase. Half of bioreactors were inoculated with dense Aspidisca cicada culture and the remaining bioreactors served as control. The density of protozoa was regularly evaluated. Artificially increased density of A. cicada did not impair nitrifying bacteria abundance nor flocs structure. On the contrary, when A. cicada abundance was the highest, the total nitrogen in effluent was significantly lower in treatment in comparison to control. Most probably nitrifying bacteria occurring in form of dense colonies or hidden inside the flocs were inaccessible for ciliates.
Improving Clinical Detection of Acute Lacunar Stroke
Authors: Arba Francesco , Mair Grant , Phillips Stephen , Sandercock Peter , Wardlaw Joanna M. ,   on behalf of the Third International Stroke Trial Collaborators
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose—
We aim to identify factors associated with imaging-confirmed lacunar strokes and improve their rapid clinical identification early after symptom onset using data from the IST-3 (Third International Stroke Trial).

Methods—
We selected patients likely to have lacunar infarcts as those presenting with: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project lacunar syndrome; a random sample with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score <7; and recent lacunar infarct identified on imaging by IST-3 central blinded expert panel. An independent reviewer rated brain scans of this sample and classified visible infarcts according to type, size, and location. We investigated factors associated with presence of lacunar infarct on a 24 to 48 hour follow-up scan using multivariable logistic regression and calculated sensitivity and specificity of Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project alone and in combination with NIHSS score <7.

Results—
We included 568 patients (330 lacunar syndrome; 147 with NIHSS score <7; 91 with lacunar infarct on baseline imaging, numbers exclude overlaps between groups), mean (±SD) age, 73.2 (±13.6) years, 316 (56%) males, and median NIHSS score 5 (IQR, 4–8). On 24 to 48 hour scan, 138 (24%) patients had lacunar infarcts, 176 (31%) other infarct subtypes, 254 (45%) no visible infarct. Higher baseline systolic blood pressure (odds ratio, 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01–1.02]) and preexisting lacunes (odds ratio, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.47–3.57) were associated with recent lacunar infarcts. Sensitivity and specificity of lacunar syndrome was modest (58% and 45%, respectively), but adding NIHSS score <7 increased specificity (99%), positive and negative predictive values (97% and 87%, respectively).

Conclusions—
In patients presenting within 6 hours of stroke onset, adding NIHSS score <7 to Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project lacunar syndrome classification may increase specificity for identifying lacunar stroke early after stroke onset. Our findings may help selection of patients for clinical trials of lacunar stroke and should be validated externally.

Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com/
; Unique identifier: ISRCTN25765518.
The Arabic Book of the Divine Liturgies Printed in 1745 in Iași by Patriarch Sylvester of Antioch
Authors: Feodorov Ioana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The following article focuses on a printed text of the Arabic Book of the Divine Liturgies, produced in 1745 in Iași (Jassy), capital of Moldavia, by Sylvester, the Patriarch of the Greek-Orthodox Church of Antioch (1724-1766), which is comprised, together with a section of a Syriac and Arabic manuscript commentary on some Gospel passages, in MS 15 of the library of Dayr Sayyidat al-Balamand (near Tripoli, Lebanon). It is a rare copy of this early Arabic printed book, whose existence was recently established. The study encloses an outline – based on Romanian, Greek and Arabic sources – of Patriarch Sylvester’s printing activity in Iași and Bucharest in 1745-1747, a description of the Book of the Divine Liturgies (Iași, 1745) preserved in the Balamand codex, and comments on the value of this finding for future research on the printing work carried out in the Romanian Principalities, in 1701-1747, for the Arabic-speaking Christians of Ottoman Syria.
Diversity of peripheral blood human NK cells identified by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Smith Samantha L. , Kennedy Philippa R. , Stacey Kevin B. , Worboys Jonathan D. , Yarwood Annie , Seo Seungmae , Solloa Everardo Hegewisch , Mistretta Brandon , Chatterjee Sujash S. , Gunaratne Preethi , Allette Kimaada , Wang Ying-Chih , Smith Melissa Laird , Sebra Robert , Mace Emily M. , Horowitz Amir , Thomson Wendy , Martin Paul , Eyre Steve , Davis Daniel M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood perform many functions, and classification of specific subsets has been a longstanding goal. We report single-cell RNA sequencing of NK cells, comparing gene expression in unstimulated and interleukin (IL)-2–activated cells from healthy cytomegalovirus (CMV)-negative donors. Three NK cell subsets resembled well-described populations; CD56brightCD16−, CD56dimCD16+CD57−, and CD56dimCD16+CD57+. CD56dimCD16+CD57− cells subdivided to include a population with higher chemokine mRNA and increased frequency of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor expression. Three novel human blood NK cell populations were identified: a population of type I interferon–responding NK cells that were CD56neg; a population exhibiting a cytokine-induced memory-like phenotype, including increased granzyme B mRNA in response to IL-2; and finally, a small population, with low ribosomal expression, downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, and high levels of immediate early response genes indicative of cellular activation. Analysis of CMV+ donors established that CMV altered the proportion of NK cells in each subset, especially an increase in adaptive NK cells, as well as gene regulation within each subset. Together, these data establish an unexpected diversity in blood NK cells and provide a new framework for analyzing NK cell responses in health and disease.
Investigating stigma attitudes towards people with mental illness among residents and house officers: an Egyptian study
Authors: Eissa Abeer M. , Elhabiby Mahmoud M. , El Serafi Doha , Elrassas Hanan H. , Shorub Eman M. , El-Madani Alaa A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Stigma is a basic component of the negative discrimination that people with mental illness experience every day. It blocks access to facilities that have been created to help people with mental illness. Furthermore, the attitudes held by people with authority (including clinical staff and officers) towards people with mental illness are likely to influence their attitude towards them and hence the experience and treatment outcome of the patients. The aim of this work is to study and compare the attitudes of Egyptian residents of different clinical specialties and house officers towards patients with mental illness. The current study aimed to study the attitudes of Egyptian medical residents and house officers towards patients with mental illness and compare between both groups. This cross-sectional comparative study was designed to assess 150 residents and 201 house officers at Ain Shams University Hospitals by using the Mental Illness Clinician Attitude Scale version 4 (MICA-4) and newly designed questions related to stigma.

Results
The study revealed that the scores of MICA questionnaire were significantly lower than the cut point for negative attitude in both residents and house officers (P < 0.0001). In addition, there was a trend of an increase in MICA scores throughout the three levels of seniority but with no statistically significant difference. Furthermore, there was no statistical significant finding regarding the majority of MICA items or stigma sheet questions across the different specialties.

Conclusion
Stigma is one of the most disabling factors that prevent people with mental illness to live a normal social and occupational life and thus receive a good quality of life and equal chance of medical health care as other non-psychiatric patients.
Estimating the overdispersion in COVID-19 transmission using outbreak sizes outside China
Authors: Endo Akira ,   Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working Group, Abbott Sam , Kucharski Adam J. , Funk Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

Background: A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has now spread to a number of countries worldwide. While sustained transmission chains of human-to-human transmission suggest high basic reproduction number R0, variation in the number of secondary transmissions (often characterised by so-called superspreading events) may be large as some countries have observed fewer local transmissions than others. Methods: We quantified individual-level variation in COVID-19 transmission by applying a mathematical model to observed outbreak sizes in affected countries. We extracted the number of imported and local cases in the affected countries from the World Health Organization situation report and applied a branching process model where the number of secondary transmissions was assumed to follow a negative-binomial distribution. Results: Our model suggested a high degree of individual-level variation in the transmission of COVID-19. Within the current consensus range of R0 (2-3), the overdispersion parameter k of a negative-binomial distribution was estimated to be around 0.1 (median estimate 0.1; 95% CrI: 0.05-0.2 for R0 = 2.5), suggesting that 80% of secondary transmissions may have been caused by a small fraction of infectious individuals (~10%). A joint estimation yielded likely ranges for R0 and k (95% CrIs: R0 1.4-12; k 0.04-0.2); however, the upper bound of R0 was not well informed by the model and data, which did not notably differ from that of the prior distribution. Conclusions: Our finding of a highly-overdispersed offspring distribution highlights a potential benefit to focusing intervention efforts on superspreading. As most infected individuals do not contribute to the expansion of an epidemic, the effective reproduction number could be drastically reduced by preventing relatively rare superspreading events.
PROCESSOS DE TRADUÇÃO DA POLÍTICA DE PREVENÇÃO AO BULLYING NA PRÁTICA ESCOLAR
Authors: Martins Ana Carolina Hyer de F. da S. , Miranda Edgar , Frias Denise De Medeiros , Lima Lucas Pinheiro de 
Published: April 2020

A pesquisa analisa duas propostas de trabalho, desenvolvidas no âmbito do Ensino Fundamental I, buscando compreender os mecanismos e artefatos utilizados para tradução da política de prevenção e combate ao bullying na prática escolar. A investigação se orientou analiticamente pela proposta de Ball e colaboradores para compreensão do processo de produção das políticas no contexto da prática. No caso, foram utilizadas como categorias de análise a Interpretação e a Tradução, cujos resultados foram reunidos em duas categorias a posteriori: (i) estratégias e artefatos didático-pedagógicos e (ii) processos de tradução dos elementos de combate e prevenção ao bullying. A título de considerações, reconhecemos que a educação sozinha não transformará o estado de violência da sociedade. Porém, considera-se a possibilidade de operacionalização de políticas públicas de prevenção e combate ao bullying nas escolas, a partir da ação criativa dos sujeitos na tradução da política na prática escolar.
Women in science: Theatrical representations and the realities they mirror
Authors: Tiehen Jeanne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The practice of science can be affected by gender biases, which may alter the paths and careers of women. In consideration of this reality, this article analyses two science plays that position women as main characters and scientists. Examining Shelagh Stephenson's ) and ), the article illustrates how theatre mirrors real world realities, and how the portrayal of women in science plays illuminates their challenges and contributions in science. These plays are then compared to the life experiences described by Eileen Pollack, author of The Only Woman in the Room: Why Science is Still a Boys' Club, and recent studies that document the adversity women in the sciences still endure. In conclusion, this article proposes that the representation of women in science onstage is culturally relevant and important to the way we can reconsider the treatment of women scientists.
MENINGKATKAN PEMBELAJARAN EKSPLORASI GERAK TARI BAGI SISWA MELALUI METODE STIMULUS RESPON
Authors: Kusumawardani Henny 
Published: April 2020

AbstrakPenelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa tentang keberhasilan pembelajaran eksplorasi gerak tari melalui metode stimulus respon. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS 1. Yang menjadi dasar penggunaan metode ini adalah pertimbangan akan mampu meningkatkan kompetensi siswa dari hanya mengidentifikasi gerak tari menjadi memiliki kemampuan untuk mengeksplorasi gerakan tari melalui metode stimulus respon. Dengan menggunakan metode stimulus respon ini siswa dilatih menggunakan kemampuan kreatif dan inovatif yang ada dalam dirinya agar mampu mencapai tingkat produktif berupa melakukan eksplorasi dan menghasilkan gerakan tari. Tindakan dilakukan dalam dua siklus, yang setiap siklusnya terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan, Pengamatan dan Refleksi. Hasil Observasi dan Refleksi pada siklus 1 mengindikasikan bahwa dua kelompok dari empat kelompok siswa telah mampu mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan gerak tari, sedangkan dua kelompok lainnya baru mampu mengidentifikasi gerak tari. Pada siklus II, hasil Observasi dan Refleksi menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan dalam penguasaan mempraktikkan dan menghasilkan gerak tari. Semua kelompok siswa telah mampu mengidentifikasi, membandingkan, mempraktikkan dan mengeksplor gerak tari Bahkan ada satu kelompok telah mampu menghasilkan gerak tari. Direkomendasikan dilakukan remedial untuk kelompok yang belum mampu menguasai kompetensi eksplorasi gerak tari. AbstractThis Classroom Action Research aims to improve the understanding of students' concepts about the success of dance movement learning through the stimulus response method. The object of this study is class XI IPS 1. The basis of the use of this method is the consideration that it will be able to improve student competencies from only identifying dance movements to having the ability to explore dance movements through the stimulus response method. By using this stimulus response method students are trained to use creative and innovative abilities that are within themselves to be able to achieve productive levels in the form of exploring and producing dance movements. The action is carried out in two cycles, each of which consists of four stages, namely Planning, Implementation, Observation and Reflection. Observation and Reflection Results in cycle 1 indicate that two groups of four groups of students have been able to identify and compare dance movements, while the other two groups have only been able to identify dance movements. In the second cycle, the results of observation and reflection showed an increase in mastery in practicing and producing dance moves. All groups of students have been able to identify, compare, practice and explore dance moves. Even one group has been able to produce dance moves. Remedials are recommended for groups that have not been able to master dance movement exploration competencies.
IFRS 15
Authors: ERGÜDEN A. Engin 
Published: April 2020

Revenue is one of the most important performance and size indicators for businesses. A new standard, which has more comprehensive and comparable feature to eliminate the deficiencies in the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standart)-15 Revenue From Customer Contracts Standard published on 15.01.2019 and the old revenue (IAS-18 Revenue and IAS (Inernational Accounting Standarts) -11 Construction Contracts) standards to be applied in the accounting periods starting after 01.01.2018, has been introduced. The most important purpose of the standard is to eliminate the uncertainties and deficiencies in the old standards with a five-step model on important issues related to when and what amount of the revenue based on the contract with customers will be accounted.

According to IFRS-15 Revenue From Customer Contracts Standard, which is applied for the accurate reporting of revenues, comprehensive analysis of the financial table footnotes of the businesses in the tourism sector concerning presentation of the records related to the revenue in the financial statements in the footnotes, the contracts placed with the customer of the enterprise, important evaluations in the application of the standard and the transaction costs incurred in the financial statements as an asset has been the scope of this study.