bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of coronavirus lockdown on oral healthcare and its associated issues in pre-schoolers in China: An online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Shuang , Zhang Chenzheng , Tai Baojun , Jiang Han , Du Minquan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic influenced people’s daily life. During lockdown of Wuhan city, the oral health and its associated issues of preschool children were investigated and guidance for dental clinics when the epidemic were controlled in the future were also provided.
Methods
A national online survey was conducted among preschool children and completed by their caregivers. The questionnaire related to children’s oral health status and care behaviour, caregivers' attitudes. The information was statistically analyzed between Wuhan residents and others residents.
Results
4495 valid questionnaires were collected. In oral health status, during Wuhan lockdown, 60.8%, 35.5% and 18.3% children had self-reported dental caries, toothache and halitosis respectively. In oral health attitudes, respondents who would increase attention to oral health was more than that would decrease. In oral hygiene behaviour, compared to non-Wuhan children, the children in Wuhan became more active in brushing their teeth. In utilization of dental services in the future, less Wuhan residents would choose to have dental visit directly, 28.5% Wuhan residents and 34.7% non-Wuhan residents agreed all of procedures could be done if proper protected.
Conclusions
Oral health status and associated issues of preschool children in Wuhan were significantly different from that of others during lockdown of Wuhan city and in the future. Effective measures should be taken as early as possible to protect children's oral health.
Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of unsafe traffic behaviors of pedestrians
Authors: Aghdam Fatemeh Bakhtari , Sadeghi-Bazargani Homayoyn , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Pashaie Tahere , Ponent Koen , Nicknejad Maryam 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. This study investigates the determinants of traffic behaviors of pedestrians.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in the city of Urmia, northwestern Iran, was evaluated from May to October 2018, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire consisting of five dimensions: traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behavior, and positive behaviors. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population.
Results

Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.
Conclusion

Most pedestrians demonstrate unsafe traffic behaviors. The youth, those who were single, those with lower education, and those with less walking rate showcased higher unsafe behaviors. Training and intervention programs should be implemented to improve all domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors factoring in age and other predictors.
Exploratory development of PCR-fluorescent probes in rapid detection of mutations associated with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Liang JIANQIN , Zhou JIN , Liu YUQIN , Gao YUAN , Xiang GUANGXIN , Chen ZHI , Xing WANLI 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis and treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis are the critical and difficult factors in the prevention and control of tuberculosis. The development of rapid molecular diagnostic tools become more and more significant to improve the cure rate, decrease the risk of recurrence and death rate. Currently, molecular mechanisms of drug resistance and major drug-resistant genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) have been analyzed and elucidated. We put into use PCR-fluorescent probes to detect the mutation gene associated with XDR-TB and evaluate the clinical value of PCR-fluorescent probes.
Methods
The molecular species identification of 900 sputum specimens was performed with the use of PCR-fluorescent probe method, wherein the mutations of the drug resistance genes including rpoB, katG, inhA, embB, rpsL, rrs and gyrA were detected, and the conventional drug susceptibility testing(DST)and PCR-directed sequencing(PCR-DS) was carried out as control.
Results
Among the 900 positive sputum specimens, the result of DST demonstrated that there were 501 strains of rifampicin-resistance, 451 strains of isoniazid-resistance, 293 strains of quinolone-resistance, 425 strains of streptomycin-resistance, 235 strains of ethambutol-resistance, and 204 strains of Amikacin-resistance. 427(47.44%) strains were MDR-TB. 146 (16.22%) strains were XDR-TB. The mutations of the rpoB, katG, inhA, embB, rpsL, rrs, and gyrA genes were detected in 751 of 900 specimens of MTB by PCR-fluorescent probe method, and the detection rate of drug resistance was 751/900 (83.44%). No mutant genes were detected in the other 149 specimens. Compared with DST, the mutant detection rate of rpoB, katG/inhA, rpsL, rrs, embB, and gyrA of six drugs (RIF,INH,SM,AM,EMB,FQs) were larger than 88%, five of six drugs were larger than 90% except for SM༈88.11%༉. The MDR mutant gene types were found in 398 specimens (42.22%), and XDR mutant gene types were found in 137 specimens (15.22%). PCR-DS was also employed and confirmed the PCR-fluorescent probe method with the accordance rate of 100%.
Conclusion
The PCR-fluorescent probe method is simple and rapid in detection of genotypes of XDR-TB and is worthy to be applied in the hospital.
Transcriptome analysis reveals major transcriptional changes during regrowth after mowing of red clover (Trifolium pratense)
Authors: Herbert Denise B , Gross Thomas , Rupp Oliver , Becker Annette 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRed clover (Trifolium pratense) is globally used as a fodder plant due its high nutritional value and soil improving qualities. In response to mowing, red clover exhibits specific morphological traits to compensate the loss of biomass. The morphological reaction is well described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and its role for plants grown in the field are unclear. ResultsHere, we characterize the global transcriptional response to mowing of red clover by comparing plants grown under greenhouse conditions with plants growing on agriculturally used fields. Unexpectedly, we found that biotic and abiotic stress related changes of plants grown in the field overlay their regrowth related transcriptional changes and characterized transcription related protein families involved in these processes. Further, we can show that gibberellins, among other phytohormones, also contribute to the developmental processes related to regrowth after biomass-loss. ConclusionsOur findings show that massive biomass loss triggers less transcriptional changes in field grown plants than their struggle with biotic and abiotic stresses and that gibberellins also play a role in the developmental program related to regrowth after mowing in red clover. Our results provide first insights into the physiological and developmental processes of mowing on red clover and may serve as a base for red clover yield improvement.
Small Cell Carcinoma as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Cervical Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Miao Wang , Qiuji Wu , Song Congkuan , Yixin Liu , Xulong Wang , Boyu Zhang , Guizhen Qin , Jun Zhang , Wei Yongchang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of cervix was a rare neoplasm with little recognition. Population-based study describing difference in characteristics and outcomes between SmCC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), usual type, was limited. Here, we used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to compare SmCC with SCC and investigated the prognostic values of the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in SmCC of cervix.Methods: Patients diagnosed with cervical SmCC and SCC in SEER database from 2004-2015 were enrolled in analysis. Propensity-score matching analysis (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics between patients who were cervical SmCC and those who were cervical SCC. Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier methods were conducted to analyze survival data before and after PSM. Stratified analyses were performed to investigate the risk of mortality at different stage. Results: In total, 25345 patients including 287 cervical SmCC patients and 25058 cervical SCC patients were enrolled our analysis. Both histological subtypes were more common in unmarried women and in white populations. Compared with cervical SCC patients, cervical SmCC patients showed a higher rate of larger tumor size (tumor size ≥4 cm, 33.8% vs 51.9%, P<0.001), higher grade disease (grade III-IV, 32.2% vs 58.9%, P<0.001), regional lymph node involvement (22.5% vs 49.5%, P<0.001) and distant metastasis (10.3% vs 32.4%, P<0.001). Before PSM, multivariate regression model revealed that SmCC histology (P<0.001) and advanced FIGO stages (P<0.001) were principal prognostic factors of poor survival for cervical patients. After PSM, 1060 patients in SCC group were 4:1 matched with 278 patients in SmCC group. Multivariate regression model in PSM cohort showed histology and FIGO stage were crucial prognostic factors for survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves clearly showed that cervical SmCC patients had worse survival than that of patients with SCC in all stages, stage I-II, III, IV before and after PSM analysis.Conclusion: Compared to patients with cervical SCC, those with cervical SmCC showed a worse survival before and after adjustment baseline characteristic in all stages. SmCC was an independent poor prognostic factor in cervical cancer patients.
The Study&nbsp;of&nbsp;Cerebral Blood Flow Variations&nbsp;Following Radiation Dose Gradients for Brain Metastasis&nbsp;Patients During&nbsp;Radiotherapy
Authors: Hou Chuanke , Gong Guanzhong , Wang Lizhen , Su Ya , Lu Jie , Yin Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Brackground: Changes of cereberal blood flow in different brain regions of patients with brain metastases after radiotherapy are worth exploring. This study aims to investigate the radiation dose range of normal brain tissue and tumor target area by evaluating the cerebral blood flow(CBF) for brain metastases (BMs) patients applying with 3D arterial spin labeling (ASL).Methods: A total of 26 patients harboring 54 BMs treated with radiotherapy (RT) were imaged with magnetic resonance (MR) before and 30-40Gy post RT. The high signal area of BMs on enhanced T1-weighted images (T1WI), normal brain tissue, and peritumoral edema region were defined as regions of interest (ROIs). Changes and correlation of largest cross-sectional area and maximum CBF in BMs before and after RT were analyzed. Maximum CBF change in the three ROIs under different gradients created by thresholding the individual dose maps at 10 Gy steps were assessed.Results: In terms of 54 BMs, a significant decrease of CBF of 29.64% (P<0.05) compared to largest cross-sectional area of 26.46% (P<0.05). The decrease of CBF was more pronounced for 30-40 Gy (33.75%) than for 40-50Gy and >50Gy (24.61% and 27.55%). In normal brain tissue with dose gradients of 30-40Gy, CBF decreased to the maximum, 20.23% (P<0.05),which was similar to BMs. In contrast, the decrement rate of CBF in the peritumoral edema region increased as the dose gradients increased.Conclusions: CBF decreased significantly during the course of RT. According to CBF variations, the dose to the normal brain tissue should be controlled below 30 Gy as much as possible, whereas tumor with high perfusion and peritumoral edema region should be given a higher dose.
Structure Comparison of Two Coexistent Weevil Rostra on Ailanthus: The Response to Ecological Demands of Egg Deposition
Authors: Zhang Ganyu , Guo Wenjuan , Wang Xiaoyi , Wang Qian , Cui Jin , Wen Junbao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Elongated rostra play an important role in the egg-laying of weevils, and its emergence is a key event in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and E. brandti Harold co-occur on the same only host Ailanthus altissima, while their oviposition sites are different. In order to understand the adaptation between the rostra of the two weevils and their oviposition sites, the structural differentiation of rostra in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti was compared. Results: The present study reveals that: (1) The rostra length of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti was found to be correlated with body size, larger specimens have a proportionally longer rostrum. The increased rostra length is probably a by-product of the larger body sizes. (2) There were significant differences in the external shape of the two rostra, especially the shape of the mandibles of the mouthparts at the apex of the rostra used to excavate an oviposition cavity. (3) There was no difference in the size of the abductor muscles that control the extension of the mandibles, but there were significant differences in the size of the adductor muscles that control the contraction of the mandibles. Conclusion: These structural differences reflect the functional potential ovipositional tactics of rostra, which is considered to be a response to the ecological demands of egg deposition, and also provide new insights into the coexistence of two weevil species in the same host A. altissima.
Sleep Health and Its Related Influencing Factors in Primary and Middle School Students in Fuzhou: a Large Multi-Center Crowd-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Xu Xingyan , Zheng Fuhao , Cai Yingying , Lin Jie , Zeng Zhaonan , Wei Shichao , Wu Siying 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis current study set out to investigate the status of sleep health in 7-20-year-old students in Fuzhou and explore the related influencing factors of sleep health. MethodsA total of 38467 children and adolescents in Fuzhou were included in the study through a random stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected from May-June 2019, in 18 primary schools and 18 middle schools from 9 Districts, Fuzhou. Children's parents and adolescents of sampled classes were invited to fill a series of questionnaires about the performance of the last 6 months (sociodemographic characteristics, family sleep habits and routine activities before bedtime). Multiple linear regression was carried out to analyze data. ResultsOf the total 40888 questionnaires we released, 38467 were valid and effective with the response rate was 94.08%. The age of the surveyed participants was 11.85±3.1, including 20013 boys and 18454 girls. The multiple linear regression analysis identified factors associated with sleep health (P<0.05): Grl (coef=-0.073, 95%CI: -0.115--0.03), Age (coeff=0.234, 95%CI: 0.224-0.243), Key school (coeff=-0.149, 95%CI: -0.193- -0.105), Urban (coeff=-0.096, 95%CI: -0.139--0.054), Excessive daytime sleepiness (coeff=0.535, 95%CI: 0.432-0.639), Unhealthy sleep habits (coeff=0.363, 95%CI: 0.307-0.419), Using electronic products in bedroom (coeff=0.074, 95%CI: 0.028-0.121), Screen time per day during school (coeff=0.260, 95%CI: 0.235-0.284), Frequency of using electronics 30 minutes before bedtime (coeff=0.150, 95%CI: 0.134-0.166), Eating before sleep (coeff=0.578, 95%CI: 0.527-0.63), Sleep alone (coeff=-0.204, 95%CI: -0.262--0.147) Intense relationship with parents (coeff=0.361, 95%CI: 0.27-0.452), Intense relationship with peers (coeff=0.267, 95%CI: 0.171-0.363), Excessive homework or learning (coeff=0.189, 95%CI: 0.141-0.237), Time for doing homework (coeff=0.266, 95%CI: 0.245-0.287) and Mood swings frequently (coeff=1.174, 95%CI: 1.127-1.221) had greater impact on sleep health than other factors. ConclusionsSleep health is associated with factors covered sociodemographic characteristics, family sleep habits and routine activities before bedtime, and multiple measures should be taken to improve sleep quality in a targeted manner.
Butorphanol Mitigates Emergence Agitation in Patients Undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trail
Authors: Qi Siyi , Dai Wanbing , Tian Weitian , Zhang Yizhe , Zheng Li , Yu Weifeng , Tian Jie , Su Diansan , Huai Xiaorong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study explored the effectiveness of preoperative intravenous injection of butorphanol in the alleviation of emergence agitation (EA) in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).Methods: Patients (n = 708) were randomized into two groups. The butorphanol group (Group B, n=358) received butorphanol infusion (20 ug/kg) before anaesthesia induction, while the control group (Group C, n=350) received an equal volume of normal saline infusion. General anaesthesia was induced with sufentanil, propofol and rocuronium, and was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. Vasoactive drugs maintained the haemodynamic indices within 20% of the baseline.Results: The incidence of EA (Group B vs. C: 24.3 vs. 31.4%, P = 0.034). The times to spontaneous breathing (26.5 min vs. 23.7 min, P = 0.011), verbal response (36.0 min vs. 33.4 min, P = 0.012) and extubation (31.0 min vs. 28.7 min, P = 0.025) were longer in Group B, and the grade of cough (0.33 vs. 0.43, P = 0.024) at extubation in Group B was lower than that in Group C (P = 0.024). The mean arterial pressure at the end of the operation (P = 0.004) and at 5 min after extubation (P = 0.008) was higher and hypotension was less prominent (0.6% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.030) in Group B.Conclusions: Preoperative intravenous injection of butorphanol decreased the incidence of EA after FESS, and provided smooth and haemodynamically stable emergence without extending the stay in post-anaesthesia care unit.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03398759. Registered 21 December 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03398759?term=03398759&draw=2&rank=1
A stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work: a qualitative study of healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result
Authors: Missel Malene , Bernild Camilla , Dagyaran Ilkay , Christensen Signe Westh , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Extensive measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 are required to control the current outbreak. Special attention is directed at healthcare professionals as reducing the risk of infection in healthcare is essential. The purpose of this study was to explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a test result for a potential COVID-19 infection.Methods: Qualitative interviews with 15 healthcare professionals were performed, underpinned by a phenomenological hermeneutical analytical framework. Results: The participating healthcare professionals’ experiences of awaiting a COVID-19 test result were found to be associated with a stoic and altruistic orientation towards their work. These healthcare professionals presented a strong professional identity overriding most concerns about their own health. The result of the coronavirus test was a decisive parameter for whether healthcare professionals could return to work. The healthcare professionals were aware that their family and friends were having a hard time knowing that the COVID-19 infection risk was part of their jobs. This concern did not, however, cause the healthcare professionals to falter in their belief that they were doing the right thing by focusing on their core area. The threat to own health ran through the minds of the healthcare professionals occasionally, which makes access to testing particularly important.Conclusion: The participating healthcare professionals had a strong professional identity. However, a discrepancy between an altruistic role as a healthcare professional and the expectations that come from the community was illuminated. A mental health coronavirus hotline for healthcare professionals is suggested.
Large Evaporite Provinces: Geothermal rather than Solar Origin?
Authors: Qin Zhanjie , Tang Chunan , Zhang Xiying , Chen Tiantian , Liu Xiangjun , Li Yongshou , Chen Zhen , Jiang Lianting 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Large evaporite provinces (LEPs) represent prodigious volumes of evaporites widely developed from the Sinian to Neogene. The reasons why they often quickly develop on a large scale with large areas and thicknesses remain enigmatic. Possible causes range from warming from above to heating from below. The fact that the salt deposits in most salt-bearing basins occur mainly in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian-Triassic, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals favours a dominantly tectonic origin rather than a solar driving mechanism. Here, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution of evaporites based on 138 evaporitic basins and found that throughout the Phanerozoiceon, LEPs occurred across the Earth’s surface in most salt-bearing basins, especially in areas with an evolutionary history of strong tectonic activity. The masses of evaporites, rates of evaporite formation, tectonic movements, and large igneous provinces (LIPs) synergistically developed in the Sinian-Cambrian, Permian, Jurassic-Cretaceous, and Miocene intervals, which are considered to be four of the warmest times since the Sinian. We realize that salt accumulation can proceed without solar energy and can generally be linked to geothermal changes in tectonically active zones. When climatic factors are involved, they may be manifestations of the thermal influence of the crust on the surface.
LRP1-mediated pH-sensitive Polymersomes Facilitate Combination Therapy of Glioblastoma in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: He Chen , Zhang Zhiyuan , Ding Yinan , Xue Kangli , Wang Xihui , Yang Rui , An Yanli , Liu Dongfang , Hu Chunmei , Tang Qiusha 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most invasive primary intracranial tumor, and its effective treatment is one of the most daunting challenges in oncology. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the main obstacle that prevents the delivery of potentially active therapeutic compounds. In this study, a new type of pH-sensitive polymersomes has been designed for glioblastoma therapy to achieve a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for U87-MG human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice and signiﬁcantly increased survival time.Results: The Au-DOX@PO-ANG has a good ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and target tumors. This delivery system has pH-sensitivity and the ability to respond to the tumor microenvironment. Gold nanoparticles and doxorubicin are designed as a complex drug. This type of complex drug improve the radiotherapy (RT) effect of glioblastoma. The mice treated with Au-DOX@PO-ANG NPs have a significant reduction in tumor volume.Conclusion: In summary, a new pH-sensitive drug delivery system was fabricated for the treatment of glioblastoma. The new BBB-traversing drug delivery system potentially represents a novel approach to improve the effects of the treatment of intracranial tumors and provides hope for glioblastoma treatment.