bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dialectical Illusion in Kant’s Only Possible Argument for the Existence of God
Authors: Hoffer Noam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe nature of Kant’s criticism of his pre-Critical ‘possibility proof’ for the existence of God, implicit in the account of the Transcendental Ideal in the Critique of Pure Reason, is still under dispute. Two issues are at stake: the error in the proof and diagnosis of the reason for committing it. I offer a new way to connect these issues. In contrast with accounts that locate the motivation for the error in reason’s interest in an unconditioned causal ground of all contingent existence, I argue that it lies in reason’s interest in another kind of unconditioned ground, collective unity. Unlike the conception of the former, that of the latter directly explains the problematic ontological assumption of the possibility proof, the existence of intelligible objects as the ground of possibility. I argue that such Platonic entities are assumed because they are amenable to the kind of unity prescribed by reason. However, since the interest in collective unity has a legitimate regulative use when applied to the systematic unity of nature, the conception of God entailed by the possibility proof is retained as a regulative idea of reason.
How to Use Someone ‘Merely as a Means’
Authors: Kleingeld Pauline 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe prohibition on using others ‘merely as means’ is one of the best-known and most influential elements of Immanuel Kant’s moral theory. But it is widely regarded as impossible to specify with precision the conditions under which this prohibition is violated. On the basis of a re-examination of Kant’s texts, the article develops a novel account of the conditions for using someone ‘merely as a means’. It is argued that this account has not only strong textual support but also significant philosophical advantages over alternative conceptions.
Successful Maintenance
Authors: Magula Luzuko , Jordaan Gerhard P. , Theron Annette 
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This article presents a challenging case of a 64-year-old female with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder with psychotic features and complex medical conditions, including the presence of a cardiac rhythm management device (CRMD). Despite all the complexities, she has received maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) over the past 4 years (56 episodes to date). Her anesthetic plan had to be tailored to her individual needs and revisited to reflect her medical conditions and perioperative complications during this period. Despite the anesthetic challenges, her psychiatric condition improved significantly, and the benefits of her M-ECT continue to outweigh the potential perioperative risks. The successful management of this patient can be attributed to the collaborative involvement and ongoing efforts of a multidisciplinary team that includes psychiatry, anesthesiology, cardiology, and theater and ward nursing personnel. We outline the ongoing challenges with the M-ECT, namely, treatment intervals, medical comorbidities, and the anesthesia management in the presence of a CRMD at a tertiary state hospital in South Africa.
Radar Sounding of Subsurface Structure in Eastern Coprates and Capri Chasmata, Mars
Authors: Noguchi Rina , Ishiyama Ken , Kumamoto Atsushi , Uemura Chihiro , Kasaba Yasumasa , Usui Tomohiro , Oura Aina , Shoji Daigo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe surveyed the subsurface structure in eastern Coprates and Capri Chasmata in the equatorial region using high‐resolution visible images, digital terrain models, and radar sounding data. We identified subsurface reflectors in four areas of the chasmata. At the stratigraphic exposure on the chasmata walls, the corresponding depth of the reflector is ∼60 m. The bulk dielectric constants of the layers above the reflectors are calculated as 3.4–4.0, suggesting a rock‐air mixture with ∼39.3% and 46.1% porosity or a rock‐air‐ice mixture with <21.2% water ice fraction. This high porosity corresponds to nonwelded and unconsolidated sediments emplaced by aeolian, fluvial, and volcanic activities. If water ice actually exists, further studies and discussions are required for the mechanism to maintain it within low latitudes.
Statistical Characteristics and Correlation of Low‐Latitude F Region Bottom‐Type Irregularity Layers and Plasma Plumes Over Sanya
Authors: Hu Lianhuan , Zhao Xiukuan , Sun Wenjie , Wu Zhi , Zheng Jianchang , Xie Haiyong , Huang Zhaoguo , Ning Baiqi , Li Guozhu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIonospheric F region bottom‐type irregularity layer has been frequently detected at equatorial latitude and regarded as a possible precursor of equatorial backscatter plumes producing scintillations. In this study, the VHF radar observations of ionospheric F region bottom‐type irregularity layers and plasma plumes over the low‐latitude station Sanya (18.4°N, 109.6°E, dip lat. 12.8°N) during the equinoctial months (March, April, September, and October) of 2011–2018 are analyzed. The results show an equinoctial asymmetry in the occurrence of F region backscatter plumes, wherein the occurrence could be greater in spring or autumn months under different solar activities and background ionospheric conditions (F layer height and density). On the other hand, the bottom‐type irregularity layer occurred almost exclusively in the descending phase of solar cycle (2015–2018). No clear correlation is found between the occurrences of bottom‐type irregularity layer and plasma plume at low latitude. The F layer virtual height (h′F) observations from the Sanya ionosonde show that the average h′F is higher during the months when the plume occurrence is higher, suggesting that the asymmetric plasma vertical drift could play a role in the equinoctial asymmetry of plume occurrence. Larger vertical drift (and higher h′F) could cause higher occurrence of equatorial plasma plumes which extend to low latitudes along magnetic field lines. In contrast, during the days when bottom‐type irregularity layers occur, the h′F is relatively lower. We surmise that only when the background F region is situated at low altitudes (with h′F < ~250 km), the low‐latitude bottom‐type irregularity layer could be generated.
The Solar Wind Density Control on the Prompt Penetration Electric Field and Equatorial Electrojet
Authors: Nilam B. , Ram S. Tulasi , Shiokawa K. , Balan N. , Zhang Q. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrompt penetration of convection/overshielding electric fields to equatorial and low latitudes during the southward/northward turnings of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) have been widely studied in the literature. The other types of penetration electric fields due to sudden changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, IMF By and during the onset of substorms have also been recently reported. In this paper, we present the exclusive role of solar wind density changes on the prompt equatorial electric field disturbances using the long‐term observations of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) from the Indian sector. In response to the sharp increases in the solar wind density, prompt increases/decreases in the EEJ indicating the eastward/westward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) of ~20 min periods have been consistently observed on the dayside/nightside. The prompt equatorial electric field disturbances of the opposite polarity have also been observed when the density decreases sharply. Further, the polarity of these PPEF disturbances does not show any clear dependency on the direction of IMF Bz and By. This paper is the first report with a statistically significant number of observations on the characteristics of equatorial electric field disturbances in response to the sudden enhancements/decreases in the solar wind density alone on both dayside and nightside. The underlying physical mechanisms for the prompt equatorial electric field disturbances have been discussed in light of enhanced high‐latitude convection and additional field‐aligned currents due to sudden enhancement of solar wind density.
Solar and Magnetic Control of Minor Ion Peaks in the Dayside Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Huang J.‐P. , Cui J. , Hao Y.‐Q. , Guo J.‐P. , Wu X.‐S. , Niu D.‐D. , Wei Y. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution provides a large data set to explore the ion composition and structure of the Martian ionosphere. Here, the dayside measurements are used to investigate the minor ion density profiles with distinctive peaks above 150 km, revealing a systematic trend of decreasing peak altitude with increasing ion mass. We specifically focus on a subset of species including O+, N
/CO+, C+, N+, He+, and O++, all of which are mainly produced via direct photoionization of parent neutrals. Our analysis reveals weak or no variation with solar zenith angle (SZA) in both peak density and altitude, which is an expected result because these ion peaks are located within the optically thin regions subject to the same level of solar irradiance independent of SZA. In contrast, the solar cycle variations of peak density and altitude increase considerably with increasing solar activity, as a result of enhanced photoionization frequency and atmospheric expansion at high solar activities. He+ serves as an exception in that its peak density increases toward large SZA and meanwhile shows no systematic variation with solar activity. The thermospheric He distribution on Mars should play an important role in determining these observed variations. Finally, the peak altitudes for all species are elevated by at least several km within the weakly magnetized regions, possibly attributable to the suppression of vertical diffusion by preferentially horizontal magnetic fields in these regions.
Effects of a Large Dust Storm in the Near‐Surface Atmosphere as Measured by InSight in Elysium Planitia, Mars. Comparison With Contemporaneous Measurements by Mars Science Laboratory
Authors: Viúdez‐Moreiras D. , Newman C. E. , Forget F. , Lemmon M. , Banfield D. , Spiga A. , Lepinette A. , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Gómez‐Elvira J. , Pla‐García J. , Muller N. , Grott M. ,   the TWINS/InSight team
Published: August 2020

AbstractNASA's InSight landed in Elysium Planitia (~4.5°N,136°E) at Ls ~ 296° (November 2018), right after the decay of the 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS) and before the onset of the 2019 Large Dust Storm (LDS) at Ls ~ 320° (January 2019). InSight's cameras observed a rise in the atmospheric opacities during the storm from ~0.7 to ~1.9, similarly to contemporaneous measurements by Curiosity in Gale crater. Pressure tides were strongly affected at the locations of InSight and Curiosity. In particular, the diurnal pressure mode experienced an abrupt increase during the onset of the LDS, similar to that measured by Curiosity, most likely due to longitudinally asymmetric dust loading. Later, the dust was redistributed around the planet and the semidiurnal mode evolved according to dust opacity in both missions. Before and after the onset of the storm, the observed wind patterns resulted from the interaction between regional and local slope flows induced by topography, which all produced a diurnal perturbation superimposed on a mean flow, dominated by the Hadley cell but with modifications due to channeling effects from the regional topography. However, the onset of the LDS modified this to a scenario consistent with enhanced tidal flows. The local air temperatures are strongly perturbed by the lander's thermal effects, and their retrieval significantly depends on wind patterns, which changed during the course of the dust storm. Observations suggest a decrease in convective vortices during the dust storm; however, vortex activity remained strong during the storm's onset due to the increase in wind speeds.
Inhibition of Axin1 in osteoblast precursor cells leads to defects in postnatal bone growth through suppressing osteoclast formation
Authors: Shu Bing , Zhao Yongjian , Zhao Shitian , Pan Haobo , Xie Rong , Yi Dan , Lu Ke , Yang Junjie , Xue Chunchun , Huang Jian , Wang Jing , Zhao Dongfeng , Xiao Guozhi , Wang Yongjun , Chen Di 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAxin1 is a negative regulator of β-catenin signaling and its role in osteoblast precursor cells remains undefined. In the present studies, we determined changes in postnatal bone growth by deletion of Axin1 in osteoblast precursor cells and analyzed bone growth in newborn and postnatal Axin1Osx mice and found that hypertrophic cartilage area was largely expanded in Axin1Osx KO mice. A larger number of chondrocytes and unabsorbed cartilage matrix were found in the bone marrow cavity of Axin1Osx KO mice. Osteoclast formation in metaphyseal and subchondral bone areas was significantly decreased, demonstrated by decreased TRAP-positive cell numbers, associated with reduction of MMP9- and cathepsin K-positive cell numbers in Axin1Osx KO mice. OPG expression and the ratio of Opg to Rankl were significantly increased in osteoblasts of Axin1Osx KO mice. Osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow derived microphage (BMM) cells was significantly decreased when BMM cells were cultured with conditioned media (CM) collected from osteoblasts derived from Axin1Osx mice compared with BMM cells cultured with CM derived from WT mice. Thus, the loss of Axin1 in osteoblast precursor cells caused increased OPG and the decrease in osteoclast formation, leading to delayed bone growth in postnatal Axin1Osx KO mice.
Pyropia yezoensis genome reveals diverse mechanisms of carbon acquisition in the intertidal environment
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Yu Xinzi , Xu Kuipeng , Bi Guiqi , Cao Min , Zelzion Ehud , Fu Chunxiang , Sun Peipei , Liu Yang , Kong Fanna , Du Guoying , Tang Xianghai , Yang Ruijuan , Wang Junhao , Tang Lei , Wang Lu , Zhao Yingjun , Ge Yuan , Zhuang Yunyun , Mo Zhaolan , Chen Yu , Gao Tian , Guan Xiaowei , Chen Rui , Qu Weihua , Sun Bin , Bhattacharya Debashish , Mao Yunxiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChanges in atmospheric CO2 concentration have played a central role in algal and plant adaptation and evolution. The commercially important red algal genus, Pyropia (Bangiales) appears to have responded to inorganic carbon (Ci) availability by evolving alternating heteromorphic generations that occupy distinct habitats. The leafy gametophyte inhabits the intertidal zone that undergoes frequent emersion, whereas the sporophyte conchocelis bores into mollusk shells. Here, we analyze a high-quality genome assembly of Pyropia yezoensis to elucidate the interplay between Ci availability and life cycle evolution. We find horizontal gene transfers from bacteria and expansion of gene families (e.g. carbonic anhydrase, anti-oxidative related genes), many of which show gametophyte-specific expression or significant up-regulation in gametophyte in response to dehydration. In conchocelis, the release of HCO3- from shell promoted by carbonic anhydrase provides a source of Ci. This hypothesis is supported by the incorporation of 13C isotope by conchocelis when co-cultured with 13C-labeled CaCO3.
Self healable neuromorphic memtransistor elements for decentralized sensory signal processing in robotics
Authors: John Rohit Abraham , Tiwari Naveen , Patdillah Muhammad Iszaki Bin , Kulkarni Mohit Rameshchandra , Tiwari Nidhi , Basu Joydeep , Bose Sumon Kumar , Ankit  , Yu Chan Jun , Nirmal Amoolya , Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Bartolozzi Chiara , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSensory information processing in robot skins currently rely on a centralized approach where signal transduction (on the body) is separated from centralized computation and decision-making, requiring the transfer of large amounts of data from periphery to central processors, at the cost of wiring, latency, fault tolerance and robustness. We envision a decentralized approach where intelligence is embedded in the sensing nodes, using a unique neuromorphic methodology to extract relevant information in robotic skins. Here we specifically address pain perception and the association of nociception with tactile perception to trigger the escape reflex in a sensorized robotic arm. The proposed system comprises self-healable materials and memtransistors as enabling technologies for the implementation of neuromorphic nociceptors, spiking local associative learning and communication. Configuring memtransistors as gated-threshold and -memristive switches, the demonstrated system features in-memory edge computing with minimal hardware circuitry and wiring, and enhanced fault tolerance and robustness.
Stretchable hydrogels with low hysteresis and anti-fatigue fracture based on polyprotein cross-linkers
Authors: Lei Hai , Dong Liang , Li Ying , Zhang Junsheng , Chen Huiyan , Wu Junhua , Zhang Yu , Fan Qiyang , Xue Bin , Qin Meng , Chen Bin , Cao Yi , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHydrogel-based devices are widely used as flexible electronics, biosensors, soft robots, and intelligent human-machine interfaces. In these applications, high stretchability, low hysteresis, and anti-fatigue fracture are essential but can be rarely met in the same hydrogels simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate a hydrogel design using tandem-repeat proteins as the cross-linkers and random coiled polymers as the percolating network. Such a design allows the polyprotein cross-linkers only to experience considerable forces at the fracture zone and unfold to prevent crack propagation. Thus, we are able to decouple the hysteresis-toughness correlation and create hydrogels of high stretchability (~1100%), low hysteresis (< 5%), and high fracture toughness (~900 J m−2). Moreover, the hydrogels show a high fatigue threshold of ~126 J m−2 and can undergo 5000 load-unload cycles up to 500% strain without noticeable mechanical changes. Our study provides a general route to decouple network elasticity and local mechanical response in synthetic hydrogels.
Multi-view clustering for multi-omics data using unified embedding
Authors: Mitra Sayantan , Saha Sriparna , Hasanuzzaman Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn real world applications, data sets are often comprised of multiple views, which provide consensus and complementary information to each other. Embedding learning is an effective strategy for nearest neighbour search and dimensionality reduction in large data sets. This paper attempts to learn a unified probability distribution of the points across different views and generates a unified embedding in a low-dimensional space to optimally preserve neighbourhood identity. Probability distributions generated for each point for each view are combined by conflation method to create a single unified distribution. The goal is to approximate this unified distribution as much as possible when a similar operation is performed on the embedded space. As a cost function, the sum of Kullback-Leibler divergence over the samples is used, which leads to a simple gradient adjusting the position of the samples in the embedded space. The proposed methodology can generate embedding from both complete and incomplete multi-view data sets. Finally, a multi-objective clustering technique (AMOSA) is applied to group the samples in the embedded space. The proposed methodology, Multi-view Neighbourhood Embedding (MvNE), shows an improvement of approximately 2−3% over state-of-the-art models when evaluated on 10 omics data sets.
Extracting user influence from ratings and trust for rating prediction in recommendations
Authors: Shi Wenchuan , Wang Liejun , Qin Jiwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithm based on trust has been the main method used to solve the cold start problem in Recommendation Systems (RSs) for the past few years. Nevertheless, the current trust-based CF algorithm ignores the implicit influence contained in the ratings and trust data. In this paper, we propose a new rating prediction model named the Rating-Trust-based Recommendation Model (RTRM) to explore the influence of internal factors among the users. The proposed user internal factors include the user reliability and popularity. The internal factors derived from the explicit behavior data (ratings and trust), which can help us understand the user better and model the user more accurately. In addition, we incorporate the proposed internal factors into the Singular Value Decomposition Plus Plus (SVD + +) model to perform the rating prediction task. Experimental studies on two common datasets show that utilizing ratings and trust data simultaneously to mine the factors that influence the relationships among different users can improve the accuracy of rating prediction and effectively relieve the cold start problem.
Patterns of DNA variation between the autosomes, the X chromosome and the Y chromosome in Bos taurus genome
Authors: Czech Bartosz , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Szyda Joanna 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe new ARS-UCD1.2 assembly of the bovine genome has considerable improvements over the previous assembly and thus more accurate identification of patterns of genetic variation can be achieved with it. We explored differences in genetic variation between autosomes, the X chromosome, and the Y chromosome. In particular, variant densities, annotations, lengths (only for InDels), nucleotide divergence, and Tajima’s D statistics between chromosomes were considered. Whole-genome DNA sequences of 217 individuals representing different cattle breeds were examined. The analysis included the alignment to the new reference genome and variant identification. 23,655,295 SNPs and 3,758,781 InDels were detected. In contrast to autosomes, both sex chromosomes had negative values of Tajima’s D and lower nucleotide divergence. That implies a correlation between nucleotide diversity and recombination rate, which is obviously reduced for sex chromosomes. Moreover, the accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations on the Y chromosome could be associated with loss of recombination. Also, the relatively lower effective population size for sex chromosomes leads to a lower expected density of variants.
A generalized heat conduction model of higher-order time derivatives and three-phase-lags for non-simple thermoelastic materials
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Khalil K. M. , Mohammed F. A. , Nasr M. E. , Zakaria Adam , Ahmed Ibrahim-Elkhalil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the current work, a new generalized model of heat conduction has been constructed taking into account the influence of the microscopic structure into the on non-simple thermoelastic materials. The new model was established on the basis of the system of equations that includes three-phase lags of higher-order and two different temperatures, namely thermodynamic and conductive temperature. The two-temperature thermoelastic model presented by Chen and Gurtin (Z Angew Math Phys 19(4):614–627, 1968) and some other previous models have been introduced as special cases from the proposed model. As an application of the new model, we studied the thermoelastic interactions resulting from sudden heating in an isotropic solid subjected to external body force. The influence of the discrepancy parameter and higher-order of the time-derivative has been discussed. This work will enable future investigators to gain insight into non-simple thermoelasticity with different phase delays of higher-order in detail.