bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nativity status and workplace discrimination in registered nurses: Testing the mediating role of psychosocial work characteristics
Authors: Wesołowska Karolina , Elovainio Marko , Komulainen Kaisla , Hietapakka Laura , Heponiemi Tarja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo examine: (a) whether nativity status was associated with workplace discrimination, and (b) whether this association was mediated through psychosocial work characteristics (job strain, job demands, and job control) among registered female nurses.DesignCross‐sectional survey with a self‐report questionnaire was conducted.MethodsA random sample of 610 native Registered Nurses and a total sample of 188 foreign‐born Registered Nurses working in Finland were used. Data were collected between September–November of 2017 and analysed using a counterfactual approach in the causal mediation framework.ResultsAfter adjusting for several potential confounders, foreign‐born nurses scored higher on workplace discrimination than native nurses. Approximately 20% of the association between nativity status and workplace discrimination was mediated through job control. Job demands and job strain were unlikely to mediate this association.ConclusionThe study provides further evidence that migrant status is associated with a higher risk of workplace discrimination among nurses. Lower levels of control over one's own job may partly contribute to the higher risk of workplace discrimination in foreign‐born women nurses.ImpactOur study addresses the relationship between nativity status and workplace discrimination among female nurses and its mediating factors. The findings suggest that healthcare organization leaders need to be aware of the increased risk of workplace discrimination among migrant nurses. Moreover, healthcare organizations need to consider psychosocial work characteristics, including job control, in the efforts aimed to prevent and reduce discrimination against their foreign‐born employees.
Uniformity: The effects of organizational attire on judgments and attributions
Authors: Smith Robert W. , Chandler Jesse J. , Schwarz Norbert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite their prevalence in the marketplace, little empirical attention has been paid to how employee uniforms affect consumer reactions to service experiences. We propose that employee uniforms facilitate the shared categorization of employees and their organization in the mind of the customer, which affects many of the inferences that customers draw following service encounters. Study 1 shows that uniforms lead to greater attribution of responsibility to the company for employee behavior, especially following poor service. Studies 2 and 3 show that uniforms also lead to more assimilation of judgments across employees, increasing the impact of one employee's behavior on judgments of other employees of the same organization. Study 3 shows that employee uniforms lead to more extreme judgments of the company following service encounters. It also shows that bad (good) service from a uniformed employee makes competing companies look better (worse), indicating that uniforms can elicit contrast effects across companies. In sum, the mere presence of a uniform on an unsatisfactory service or retail employee can damage judgments of the organization and its employees and improve judgments of rival organizations compared to identical service from a nonuniformed employee. Managers seem unaware of these negative consequences. These same principles are likely to apply to a wide variety of uniformed services, including police, military, firefighters, and health‐care providers.
Odontogenesis and neuronal differentiation characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells from beagle dog
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Liao Dapeng , Sun Gang , Chu HanWen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) from beagle dogs had the characteristics of multi‐directional differentiation and had great application potential in tissue engineering and cell regenerative medicine. In this study, we analysed the odontogenesis and neuronal differentiation characteristics of PDLSCs in vitro. Results showed that the calcined tooth powder (CTP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) additives could induce the PDLSCs into odontogenesis differentiation; besides, the immunofluorescence staining identified that the high dosage calcined tooth powder (400 μg/mL) significantly facilitated the odontogenesis associated with BMP4 expression. While the nutritional factor (L‐glutamine, NGF (nerve growth factor), bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), IGF‐1 (insulin‐like growth factor‐1) and EGF (epidermal growth factor)) additives were prior to induce the PDLSCs into neuronal differentiation. Simultaneously, PDLSCs had high proliferation ability with the different supplemented additives. Importantly, the Western blot results also proved the BMP4 and SMAD1 proteins were highly expressed in the induced odontoblast, while the SOX1, NCAM1, GFAP and VEGFA proteins were all obviously expressed in the induced neurons. Hence, PDLSCs had characteristics of both odontogenesis and neuronal differentiation.
Biased predation could promote convergence yet maintain diversity within Müllerian mimicry rings of Oreina leaf beetles
Authors: Kikuchi David W. , Waldron Samuel J. , Valkonen Janne K. , Dobler Susanne , Mappes Johanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMüllerian mimicry is a classic example of adaptation, yet Müller's original theory does not account for the diversity often observed in mimicry rings. Here, we aimed to assess how well classical Müllerian mimicry can account for the colour polymorphism found in chemically defended Oreina leaf beetles by using field data and laboratory assays of predator behaviour. We also evaluated the hypothesis that thermoregulation can explain diversity between Oreina mimicry rings. We found that frequencies of each colour morph were positively correlated among species, a critical prediction of Müllerian mimicry. Predators learned to associate colour with chemical defences. Learned avoidance of the green morph of one species protected green morphs of another species. Avoidance of blue morphs was completely generalized to green morphs, but surprisingly, avoidance of green morphs was less generalized to blue morphs. This asymmetrical generalization should favour green morphs: indeed, green morphs persist in blue communities, whereas blue morphs are entirely excluded from green communities. We did not find a correlation between elevation and coloration, rejecting thermoregulation as an explanation for diversity between mimicry rings. Biased predation could explain within‐community diversity in warning coloration, providing a solution to a long‐standing puzzle. We propose testable hypotheses for why asymmetric generalization occurs, and how predators maintain the predominance of blue morphs in a community, despite asymmetric generalization.
Insights into myxozoan composition and physiology revealed by histochemical properties of myxospores
Authors: Stilwell Justin M. , Griffin Matt J. , Rosser Thomas G. , Mohammed Haitham H. , Sidor Inga F. , Camus Alvin C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyxozoa (phylum Cnidaria) are a diverse group of metazoan parasites that predominately infect fish. Little is known regarding the composition and physiology of their myxospore life stage. The objective of this work was to investigate the composition of myxospores and extrasporogonic stages of nine myxozoan species infecting various teleost fish using histochemical staining techniques. Thirty histochemical stains were applied to formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues processed routinely for light microscopic evaluation. The polar capsules were the most consistent stain target across the taxa examined. Polar capsule staining with Alizarin red, von Kossa and methyl green‐pyronin suggests the presence of intracapsular calcium and phosphate, which may contribute to polar filament discharge or pathogenesis of host invasion. The shell valves and suture lines of most myxozoans were stained with Luna and phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin stains, consistent with the presence of chitin and microfibrils, respectively. Vacuoles were consistently highlighted by diastase‐susceptible periodic acid‐Schiff and Grocott's methenamine silver staining, indicating glycogen. Other histochemical stains exhibited inconsistent staining across the taxa, suggesting differences in myxospore composition potentially reflective of physiologic variations and tissue tropisms. This work provides some information on conserved features and taxa‐associated composition of myxospores and lends insight into myxozoan physiology and host–parasite interactions.
Truncating mutations in SHANK3 associated with global developmental delay interfere with nuclear β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Hassani Nia Fatemeh , Woike Daniel , Kloth Katja , Kortüm Fanny , Kreienkamp Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMutations in SHANK3, coding for a large scaffold protein of excitatory synapses in the CNS, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability (ID). Several cases have been identified in which the mutation leads to truncation of the protein, eliminating C‐terminal sequences required for post‐synaptic targeting of the protein. We identify here a patient with a truncating mutation in SHANK3, affected by severe global developmental delay and intellectual disability. By analyzing the subcellular distribution of this truncated form of Shank3, we identified a nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the N‐terminal part of the protein which is responsible for targeting Shank3 fragments to the nucleus. To determine the relevance of Shank3 for nuclear signaling, we analyze how it affects signaling by β‐catenin, a component of the Wnt pathway. We show that full length as well as truncated variants of Shank3 interact with β‐catenin via the PDZ domain of Shank3, and the armadillo repeats of β‐catenin. As a result of this interaction, truncated forms of Shank3 and β‐catenin strictly co‐localize in small intra‐nuclear bodies both in 293T cells and in rat hippocampal neurons. On a functional level, the sequestration of both proteins in these nuclear bodies is associated with a strongly repressed transcriptional activation by β‐catenin owing to interaction with the truncated Shank3 fragment found in patients. Our data suggest that truncating mutations in SHANK3 may not only lead to a reduction in Shank3 protein available at postsynaptic sites but also negatively affect the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Spatial distribution of human arachnoid trabeculae
Authors: Benko Nikolaus , Luke Emma , Alsanea Yousef , Coats Brittany 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common injury modality affecting a diverse patient population. Axonal injury occurs when the brain experiences excessive deformation as a result of head impact. Previous studies have shown that the arachnoid trabeculae (AT) in the subarachnoid space significantly influence the magnitude and distribution of brain deformation during impact. However, the quantity and spatial distribution of cranial AT in humans is unknown. Quantification of these microstructural features will improve understanding of force transfer during TBI, and may be a valuable dataset for microneurosurgical procedures. In this study, we quantify the spatial distribution of cranial AT in seven post‐mortem human subjects. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to conduct in situ imaging of AT microstructure across the surface of the human brain. OCT images were segmented to quantify the relative amounts of trabecular structures through a volume fraction (VF) measurement. The average VF for each brain ranged from 22.0% to 29.2%. Across all brains, there was a positive spatial correlation, with VF significantly greater by 12% near the superior aspect of the brain (p < .005), and significantly greater by 5%−10% in the frontal lobes (p < .005). These findings suggest that the distribution of AT between the brain and skull is heterogeneous, region‐dependent, and likely contributes to brain deformation patterns. This study is the first to image and quantify human AT across the cerebrum and identify region‐dependencies. Incorporation of this spatial heterogeneity may improve the accuracy of computational models of human TBI and enhance understanding of brain dynamics.
MiR‐330‐3p contributes to INS‐1 cell dysfunction by targeting glucokinase in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Xiao Yuping , Ding Jingchao , Shi Yulan , Lin Long , Huang Wenyuan , Shen Dongxia , Wang Weiqun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsHigh‐expressed miR‐330‐3p in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients was reported. However, the role and mechanism of miR‐330‐3p in GDM are rarely reported. In this research, we aim to investigate the effects of miR‐330‐3p on GDM.MethodsMiR‐330‐3p expression in the GDM patients' blood was determined by q‐PCR. Blood glucose of blood samples was detected using blood glucose detection kits. Glucokinase (GCK) was confirmed to be a target gene of miR‐330‐3p by bioinformatics and luciferase analysis. Correlations between miR‐330‐3p with GCK and blood glucose were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. After INS‐1 cells were treated with glucose and transfected with mimic, inhibitor or siGCK, GCK expression was detected by western blot, and q‐PCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, cell counting kit‐8 and Annexin‐V/propidium iodide were conducted to examine the expression of insulin, cell viability and apoptosis.ResultsMiR‐330‐3p was high‐expressed in GDM patients' blood, while GCK was low‐expressed. The miR‐330‐3p expression level positively correlated with blood glucoseand and it was highly expressed in glucose‐treated INS‐1 cells (11 and 22 mmol/L), while miR‐330‐3p expression negatively correlated with GCK expression. GCK expression was inhibited by miR‐330‐3p mimic and enhanced by the miR‐330‐3p inhibitor. MiR‐330‐3p mimic inhibited INS‐1 cells' insulin expression, cell viability and induced apoptosis. Yet miR‐330‐3p inhibitor and siGCK exhibited opposite effects which miR‐330‐3p mimic and GCK played on INS‐1 cells. In addition, siGCK reversed the effect of miR‐330‐3p inhibitor on INS‐1 cells.ConclusionOur findings proved that miR‐330‐3p targeting GCK lead to the dysfunction of INS‐1 cells in GDM, and could become a therapeutic target for GDM treatment.
Pharmacokinetics of levamisole after intramuscular and oral administrations to Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius)
Authors: Tabari Mohaddeseh A. , Youssefi Mohammad Reza , Hosseinifard Seyed Mehdi , Moghaddamnia Ali Akbar , Kazemi Sohrab , Sadati NadAli Yousefi , Jalali Mothahari Azadeh , Giorgi Mario 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic parameters of levamisole were determined in the Caspian salmon after intramuscular (IM), oral by gavage, and oral by feed administrations. Eighty‐one healthy fish in three different groups received levamisole at the dose of 25 mg/fish by each route. Blood samples were collected at time points of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 14, and 24 hr after administrations. Plasma levamisole concentrations were measured by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and were analyzed using a noncompartmental approach. The mean terminal half‐life was 4.56, 3.95, and 2.91 hr for IM, gavage and feed routes, respectively. The peak plasma concentration for IM, gavage, and feed routes of levamisole were 35.53, 4.63, and 8.36 µg/ml, respectively, at the time of 0.25 for IM, and 1 hr for gavage and feed. The relative bioavailability for gavage and feed routes was 54.80 and 69.30. The similar bioavailability for gavage and feed might be indicative of similar efficacy for these routes of administrations. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the absolute oral bioavailability and the effective dose in Caspian salmon.
Is Niagara Falls a barrier to gene flow in riverine fishes? A test using genome‐wide SNP data from seven native species
Authors: Lujan Nathan K. , Weir Jason T. , Noonan Brice P. , Lovejoy Nathan R. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the early Holocene, fish population genetics in the Laurentian Great Lakes have been shaped by the dual influences of habitat structure and post‐glacial dispersal. Riverscape genetics theory predicts that longitudinal habitat corridors and unidirectional downstream water‐flow drive the downstream accumulation of genetic diversity, whereas post‐glacial dispersal theory predicts that fish genetic diversity should decrease with increasing distance from glacial refugia. This study examines populations of seven native fish species codistributed above and below the 58 m high Niagara Falls – a hypothesized barrier to gene flow in aquatic species. A better understanding of Niagara Falls’ role as a barrier to gene flow and dispersal is needed to identify drivers of Great Lakes genetic diversity and guide strategies to limit exotic species invasions. We used genome‐wide SNPs and coalescent models to test whether populations are: (a) genetically distinct, consistent with the Niagara Falls barrier hypothesis; (b) more genetically diverse upstream, consistent with post‐glacial expansion theory, or downstream, consistent with the riverscape habitat theory; and (c) have migrated either upstream or downstream past Niagara Falls. We found that genetic diversity is consistently greater below Niagara Falls and the falls are an effective barrier to migration, but two species have probably dispersed upstream past the falls after glacial retreat yet before opening of the Welland Canal. Models restricting migration to after opening of the Welland Canal were generally rejected. These results help explain how river habitat features affect aquatic species’ genetic diversity and highlight the need to better understand post‐glacial dispersal pathways.
HSI2/VAL1 and HSL1/VAL2 function redundantly to repress DOG1 expression in Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings
Authors: Chen Naichong , Wang Hui , Abdelmageed Haggag , Veerappan Vijaykumar , Tadege Million , Allen Randy D. 
Published: March 2020

Summary

DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) is a primary regulator of seed dormancy. Accumulation of DOG1 in seeds leads to deep dormancy and delayed germination in Arabidopsis. B3 domain‐containing transcriptional repressors HSI2/VAL1 and HSL1/VAL2 silence seed dormancy and enable the subsequent germination and seedling growth. However, the roles of HSI2 and HSL1 in regulation of DOG1 expression and seed dormancy remain elusive.

Seed dormancy was analysed by measurement of maximum germination percentage of freshly harvested Arabidopsis seeds. In vivo protein–protein interaction analysis, ChIP‐qPCR and EMSA were performed and suggested that HSI2 and HSL1 can form dimers to directly regulate DOG1.

HSI2 and HSL1 dimers interact with RY elements at DOG1 promoter. Both B3 and PHD‐like domains are required for enrichment of HSI2 and HSL1 at the DOG1 promoter. HSI2 and HSL1 recruit components of polycomb‐group proteins, including CURLY LEAF (CLF) and LIKE HETERCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1), for consequent deposition of H3K27me3 marks, leading to repression of DOG1 expression.

Our findings suggest that HSI2‐ and HSL1‐dependent histone methylation plays critical roles in regulation of seed dormancy during seed germination and early seedling growth.
Myeloid cells in sepsis‐acquired immunodeficiency
Authors: Venet Fabienne , Demaret Julie , Gossez Morgane , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOn May 2017, the World Health Organization recognized sepsis as a global health priority. Sepsis profoundly perturbs immune homeostasis by initiating a complex response that varies over time, with the concomitant occurrence of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms. Sepsis deeply impacts myeloid cell response. Different mechanisms are at play, such as apoptosis, endotoxin tolerance, metabolic failure, epigenetic reprogramming, and central regulation. This induces systemic effects on circulating immune cells and impacts progenitors locally in lymphoid organs. In the bone marrow, a progressive shift toward the release of immature myeloid cells (including myeloid‐derived suppressor cells), at the expense of mature neutrophils, takes place. Circulating dendritic cell number remains dramatically low and monocytes/macrophages display an anti‐inflammatory phenotype and reduced antigen presentation capacity. Intensity and persistence of these alterations are associated with increased risk of deleterious outcomes in patients. Thus, myeloid cells dysfunctions play a prominent role in the occurrence of sepsis‐acquired immunodeficiency. For the most immunosuppressed patients, this paves the way for clinical trials evaluating immunoadjuvant molecules (granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and interferon gamma) aimed at restoring homeostatic myeloid cell response. Our review offers a summary of sepsis‐induced myeloid cell dysfunctions and current therapeutic strategies proposed to target these defects in patients.
Perceiving Smellscapes
Authors: Young Benjamin D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe perceive smells as perduring complex entities within a distal array. However, odor theories have been recently criticized for their conception of the spatiotemporal nature of olfactory perception and the individuation of distal odors. The paper does not aim to dispute these criticisms. Rather, what will be shown is that molecular structure theory, a refinement of odor theory, can be further developed to handle these challenges. The theory is further refined by focusing on distal perception that requires considering the perceptual object as mereologically complex persisting odor against a background scene conceived of as a smellscape.
Japanese clinical practice guidelines for vascular anomalies 2017
Authors: Mimura Hidefumi , Akita Sadanori , Fujino Akihiro , Jinnin Masatoshi , Ozaki Mine , Osuga Keigo , Nakaoka Hiroki , Morii Eiichi , Kuramochi Akira , Aoki Yoko , Arai Yasunori , Aramaki Noriko , Inoue Masanori , Iwashina Yuki , Iwanaka Tadashi , Ueno Shigeru , Umezawa Akihiro , Ozeki Michio , Ochi Junko , Kinoshita Yoshiaki , Kurita Masakazu , Seike Shien , Takakura Nobuyuki , Takahashi Masataka , Tachibana Takao , Chuman Kumiko , Nagata Shuji , Narushima Mitsunaga , Niimi Yasunari , Nosaka Shunsuke , Nozaki Taiki , Hashimoto Kazuki , Hayashi Ayato , Hirakawa Satoshi , Fujikawa Atsuko , Hori Yumiko , Matsuoka Kentaro , Mori Hideki , Yamamoto Yuki , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Rikihisa Naoaki , Watanabe Shoji , Watanabe Shinichi , Kuroda Tatsuo , Sugawara Shunsuke , Ishikawa Kosuke , Sasaki Satoru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective was to prepare guidelines to perform the current optimum treatment by organizing effective and efficient treatments of hemangiomas and vascular malformations, confirming the safety, and systematizing treatment, employing evidence‐based medicine (EBM) techniques and aimed at improvement of the outcomes. Clinical questions (CQs) were decided based on the important clinical issues. For document retrieval, key words for literature searches were set for each CQ and literature published from 1980 to the end of September 2014 was searched in Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina (JCRM). The strengths of evidence and recommendations acquired by systematic reviews were determined following the Medical Information Network Distribution System (MINDS) technique. A total of 33 CQs were used to compile recommendations and the subjects included efficacy of resection, sclerotherapy/embolization, drug therapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy, and other conservative treatment, differences in appropriate treatment due to the location of lesions and among symptoms, appropriate timing of treatment and tests, and pathological diagnosis deciding the diagnosis. Thus, the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Vascular Anomalies 2017 have been prepared as the evidence‐based guidelines for the management of vascular anomalies.