bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-galactic views of cold gas and dust in distant star-forming galaxies: Pushing the ∼ 100 pc frontier at z ∼ 3
Authors: Rujopakarn Wiphu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile the evolution of spatially-integrated properties of galaxies are relatively well constrained across cosmic time, many of the most fundamental processes are not well understood, especially down to the sub-galactic scales, where frontier questions in galaxy evolution lie: How did galactic spheroids form? How did galaxies and their supermassive black holes co-evolve? With the angular resolution capability of ∼tens of milliarcseconds, ALMA has conferred extinction- independent views of cold gas and dust distributions within individual z ∼ 1 – 4 galaxies at resolutions approaching ∼ 100 pc, thereby opening new avenues to study sub-galactic properties of galaxies at the peak of their assembly. In this talk, I will review recent findings and ongoing challenges enabled by ALMA's extinction-independent, spatially-resolved views of star forming galaxies, particularly the galactic substructures, e.g., clumps (or the lack thereof) from both field and gravitationally-lensed galaxies, and their implications on the bulge assembly scenario. I will also discuss a new synergistic approach between radio and millimeter observations (using, e.g., VLA and ALMA) to independently pinpoint the locations of star-forming region and AGN down to < 100 pc at z ∼ 3. Lastly, I will discuss the planned surveys with JWST in the first year of operation, and ways that the first datasets can be combined with ALMA to provide new breakthroughs and plan future observations to utilize Webb to the fullest.
Lessons from the local Universe
Authors: Weisz Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResolved galaxies in the local Universe are fundamentally connected to galaxies observed at all cosmic epochs. The IMF, extinction law, distance ladder, and stellar evolution are all anchored in observations of resolved stars in the nearby Universe. In this talk, I highlight new links between resolved galaxies and those in the higher redshift Universe, and discuss how future observations of resolved stars are essential for a complete and accurate census of galaxy evolution across cosmic time.
Identifiability in age/period/cohort mortality models
Authors: Hunt Andrew , Blake David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe addition of a set of cohort parameters to a mortality model can generate complex identifiability issues due to the collinearity between the dimensions of age, period and cohort. These issues can lead to robustness problems and difficulties making projections of future mortality rates. Since many modern mortality models incorporate cohort parameters, we believe that a comprehensive analysis of the identifiability issues in age/period/cohort mortality models is needed. In this paper, we discuss the origin of identifiability issues in general models before applying these insights to simple but commonly used mortality models. We then discuss how to project mortality models so that our forecasts of the future are independent of any arbitrary choices we make when fitting a model to data in order to identify the historical parameters.
Fertilizer placement effects on eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) growth and competition with container-grown ornamentals
Authors: Khamare Yuvraj , Marble S. Christopher , Chandler Annette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of fertilizer placement on the growth of eclipta [Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.] and evaluate its interference with container-grown ornamental plants, including Japanese boxwood (Buxus microphylla Siebold & Zucc.) and ligustrum (Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton). Results indicated that subdressing reduced E. prostrata shoot weight by 28%, 42%, and 46% at depths of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 cm, respectively, in comparison with a topdressed fertilizer treatment (a standard industry practice). Presence of E. prostrata reduced the growth of both ornamental species. Ligustrum shoot weight decreased as subdressing depth increased, while boxwood growth was most notably reduced at the 7.5-cm depth in comparison with topdressed containers. Overall, results indicated that subdressing may be an effective weed management strategy, but subdressing depth needs to be based on initial liner size to prevent possibly delays in production time.
Understanding the Interfacial Behavior of Typical Perfluorocarboxylic Acids at Surfactant‐Coated Aqueous Interfaces
Authors: Cheng Shumin , Du Lin , George Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSea surface microlayers (SMLs) play an important role in the transport and fate of surfactants from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources. The formation of sea spray aerosols (SSAs) at the SML has been recognized as a critical pathway for the entry of surfactants into the atmosphere. Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) have become increasingly concerning as a class of emerging organic pollutants, having high enrichment in surface seawaters due to their remarkable surface activity. Using artificial seawater coated by extensively existed surfactants, including stearyl alcohol (C18OH) and stearic acid (SA) as simplified models of the SML and fresh SSAs, the interfacial behaviors of soluble and insoluble PFCAs were examined. Information about lateral packing and chain conformation of films was obtained by means of Langmuir trough and infrared reflection‐absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dissolved in aqueous subphases was found to be incorporated into lipid monolayers via alterations in surface pressure‐area (π‐A) isotherms. With negligible solubility, perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA) formed condensed mixed monolayers with other lipids at the air‐water interface. The mixed monolayers of C18OH/PFTA and SA/PFTA were expanded by the addition of sea salts into the pure water subphase. Compared with the π‐A isotherms of SA/PFTA, decreased molecular areas were observed for those of C18OH/PFTA. This research suggests that PFCAs can be incorporated into air‐water interfaces by acting as film‐forming materials. The introduction of PFCAs will alter the surface properties and thus the atmospheric fate and behavior of SSAs and SMLs.
Coupled Andean Growth and Foreland Basin Evolution, Campanian–Cenozoic Bagua Basin, Northern Peru
Authors: Moreno Federico , Garzione Carmala N. , George Sarah W. M. , Horton Brian K. , Williams Lauren , Jackson Lily J. , Carlotto Victor , Richter Fabiana , Bandeian Alice 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCenozoic sedimentary rocks of the intermontane Bagua Basin record the Andean orogenic history of northern Peru at ~4–7°S. The northern Peruvian Andes define the northern termination of the Central Andes and are comprised of a narrow, low‐elevation orogen relative to the rest of the Central Andes. New stratigraphic and sedimentologic field observations, subsidence analysis, and detrital zircon provenance analysis enable reconstruction of the regional tectonic history. Late Cretaceous to Paleocene detrital zircon U‐Pb age spectra from the Fundo El Triunfo and Rentema formations reveal active volcanism in the Western Cordillera as early as ~80 Ma and early exhumation of Mesozoic rocks in a nascent Marañon Fold‐Thrust Belt. Eocene fluvial deposits of the Cajaruro Formation record a progressive increase in shortening and volcanism in the Western Cordillera. The upper Eocene–middle Miocene fluvial succession of the Sambimera Formation records deposition in a proximal foredeep setting. Sambimera deposits contain syndepositional detrital zircon U‐Pb age populations that reveal a major Cenozoic magmatic source in the west. An erosive boundary separates the Sambimera from the overlying San Antonio Formation. The San Antonio Formation was deposited in an intermontane basin associated with uplift of the Eastern Cordillera at these latitudes. These results highlight a foreland progression of fold‐thrust deformation, with shortening concentrated in the Western Cordillera from latest Cretaceous to middle Miocene time. We suggest that the late Miocene transition to intermontane deposition in the Bagua Basin marks initial exhumation during shortening of the Eastern Cordillera in northern Peru.
Global Heat Uptake by Inland Waters
Authors: Vanderkelen I. , van Lipzig N. P. M. , Lawrence D. M. , Droppers B. , Golub M. , Gosling S. N. , Janssen A. B. G. , Marcé R. , Schmied H. Müller , Perroud M. , Pierson D. , Pokhrel Y. , Satoh Y. , Schewe J. , Seneviratne S. I. , Stepanenko V. M. , Tan Z. , Woolway R. I. , Thiery W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeat uptake is a key variable for understanding the Earth system response to greenhouse gas forcing. Despite the importance of this heat budget, heat uptake by inland waters has so far not been quantified. Here we use a unique combination of global‐scale lake models, global hydrological models and Earth system models to quantify global heat uptake by natural lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. The total net heat uptake by inland waters amounts to 2.6 ± 3.2 ×1020 J over the period 1900–2020, corresponding to 3.6% of the energy stored on land. The overall uptake is dominated by natural lakes (111.7%), followed by reservoir warming (2.3%). Rivers contribute negatively (‐14%) due to a decreasing water volume. The thermal energy of water stored in artificial reservoirs exceeds inland water heat uptake by a factor ∼10.4. This first quantification underlines that the heat uptake by inland waters is relatively small, but non‐negligible.
Health-Related Decision-Making in Early Adolescents With Poorly Controlled Asthma
Authors: Turner Elise M. , Koskela-Staples Natalie , Voorhees Sara , McQuaid Elizabeth L. , Fedele David A. 
Published: June 2020

Objective: Caregiver–adolescent collaborative decision-making is a key component of effective self-management, although there is limited understanding of this relationship in pediatric asthma. The current study examined the association between parent and youth decision-making and asthma self-management behaviors. Method: Participants included 33 youth ages 12–15 years ( M age = 13.18, SD = 1.16) with poorly controlled, persistent asthma and their caregivers. Participants completed the Family Asthma Management System Scale interview to assess core aspects of asthma management. The Decision Making Involvement Scale was administered to evaluate caregiver and adolescent behaviors during asthma-related decision-making. Results: Seventy percent of dyads reported discussing the adolescent’s asthma in the past 2 weeks. Forty-seven percent of families reached a final decision during the discussion, and 18% made a partial decision. Either the caregiver (41%) or the dyad together (27%) made the final decision. Youth whose parents made the final decision reported poorer responses to acute asthma symptoms ( p = .03, d = 0.99). Higher parental expression of information was associated with better family response to acute asthma symptoms, p = .045, R 2 = 0.69. Conclusions: Findings indicate that joint caregiver–youth collaborative decision-making and parent involvement in asthma-care decision-making were associated with better response to asthma exacerbations. A significant portion of families is not discussing their adolescent’s asthma, and future research is needed to identify what families are at risk for reduced communication regarding asthma-care decision-making. Health professionals should assess both caregiver and adolescent decision-making involvement when addressing asthma self-management. Implications for Impact Statement This study advances the idea that caregiver and youth collaboration during health-related decision-making is important for fostering disease management within pediatric asthma. Findings also highlight the need for disease management interventions targeting increased caregiver–youth communication surrounding the adolescent’s asthma care.
Reconsolidation-based treatment for fear of public speaking: a systematic pilot study using propranolol
Authors: Elsey James W. B. , Filmer Anna I. , Galvin Harriet R. , Kurath Jennifer D. , Vossoughi Linos , Thomander Linnea S. , Zavodnik Melissa , Kindt Merel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPharmacological manipulation of memory reconsolidation opens up promising new avenues for anxiety disorder treatment. However, few studies have directly investigated reconsolidation-based approaches in subclinical or clinical populations, leaving optimal means of fear memory reactivation unknown. We conducted a systematic pilot study to assess whether a reconsolidation-based treatment could tackle public speaking anxiety in a subclinical sample (N = 60). As lab studies indicate that the duration of reactivation may be important for inducing reconsolidation, we investigated several speech lengths to help inform further translational efforts. Participants underwent a stress-inducing speech task composed of 3-min preparation, and from 0 to 9 min of public speaking, in 1-min increments. They then received either 40 mg of propranolol (n = 40) or placebo (n = 20), double-blind, allocated 4:2 for each speech duration. Participants performed a second speech 1 week post treatment, and were followed up with questionnaires 1- and 3 months later. Both self-reported speech distress and questionnaire measures of public speaking anxiety showed clear reductions following treatment. However, propranolol did not reliably outperform placebo, regardless of speech duration at treatment. Physiological responses (heart rate and salivary cortisol) to the public speaking task remained stable from treatment to test. These findings highlight the challenges facing the translation of laboratory research on memory reconsolidation into clinical interventions. Lack of explicit controls for factors beyond duration, such as ‘prediction error’, could explain these null findings, but positive results in clinical interventions are needed to demonstrate that taking such factors into account can deliver the promises of reconsolidation-based therapy.
TonEBP in dendritic cells mediates pro-inflammatory maturation and Th1/Th17 responses
Authors: Ye Byeong Jin , Lee Hwan Hee , Yoo Eun Jin , Lee Chae Young , Lee Jun Ho , Kang Hyun Je , Jeong Gyu Won , Park Hyun , Lee-Kwon Whaseon , Choi Soo Youn , Kwon Hyug Moo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that link the innate and adaptive immune responses; as such they play pivotal roles in initiation and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we report that the tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP or NFAT5), a Rel family protein involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and inflammation, is required for maturation and function of DCs. Myeloid cell-specific TonEBP deletion reduces disease severity in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis; it also inhibits maturation of DCs and differentiation of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells in vivo. Upon stimulation by TLR4, TonEBP promotes surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and co-stimulatory molecules via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. This is followed by DC-mediated differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. Taken together, these findings provide mechanistic basis for the pathogenic role of TonEBP in RA and possibly other autoimmune diseases.
Preparation of a germole-containing π-conjugated polymer by the Te–Li exchange reaction of a tellurophene-containing polymer
Authors: Zheng Feng , Tan Sia-Er , Yanamoto Yuki , Shida Naoki , Nishiyama Hiroki , Inagi Shinsuke , Tomita Ikuyoshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The synthesis and optoelectronic functions of a germole-containing π-conjugated polymer prepared by the reaction of a lithiated polymer precursor are described. A regioregular organometallic polymer having 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadiene and 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl units was generated by the reaction of a tellurophene-containing polymer having a number-average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 5900 and 1.9, respectively, with n-butyllithium (2.4 equiv) at −78 to −60 °C for 3 h. The prepared lithiated polymer was reacted with dimethylgermanium dichloride (1.5 equiv) at −60 °C to ambient temperature for 12 h in tetrahydrofuran to produce a π-conjugated polymer possessing 1,1-dimethylgermole-2,5-diyl units in 76% yield (Mn = 4400 and Mw/Mn = 1.7). The absorption maximum and onset of the obtained polymer were observed at 465 and 535 nm, respectively, in the UV-vis spectrum, from which the optical band gap of the polymer was estimated to be 2.31 eV. In the photoluminescence spectrum, the obtained polymer exhibits green fluorescence with an emission maximum of 547 nm and a quantum yield of 0.04. The chemical interaction of the dimethylgermole-containing π-conjugated polymer with fluoride was also examined in terms of the changes observed in the UV-vis absorption spectra.
An essential role for Argonaute 2 in EGFR-KRAS signaling in pancreatic cancer development
Authors: Shankar Sunita , Tien Jean Ching-Yi , Siebenaler Ronald F. , Chugh Seema , Dommeti Vijaya L. , Zelenka-Wang Sylvia , Wang Xiao-Ming , Apel Ingrid J. , Waninger Jessica , Eyunni Sanjana , Xu Alice , Mody Malay , Goodrum Andrew , Zhang Yuping , Tesmer John J. , Mannan Rahul , Cao Xuhong , Vats Pankaj , Pitchiaya Sethuramasundaram , Ellison Stephanie J. , Shi Jiaqi , Kumar-Sinha Chandan , Crawford Howard C. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBoth KRAS and EGFR are essential mediators of pancreatic cancer development and interact with Argonaute 2 (AGO2) to perturb its function. Here, in a mouse model of mutant KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer, loss of AGO2 allows precursor lesion (PanIN) formation yet prevents progression to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Precursor lesions with AGO2 ablation undergo oncogene-induced senescence with altered microRNA expression and EGFR/RAS signaling, bypassed by loss of p53. In mouse and human pancreatic tissues, PDAC progression is associated with increased plasma membrane localization of RAS/AGO2. Furthermore, phosphorylation of AGO2Y393 disrupts both the wild-type and oncogenic KRAS-AGO2 interaction, albeit under different conditions. ARS-1620 (G12C-specific inhibitor) disrupts the KRASG12C-AGO2 interaction, suggesting that the interaction is targetable. Altogether, our study supports a biphasic model of pancreatic cancer development: an AGO2-independent early phase of PanIN formation reliant on EGFR-RAS signaling, and an AGO2-dependent phase wherein the mutant KRAS-AGO2 interaction is critical for PDAC progression.
Extent of N-terminus exposure of monomeric alpha-synuclein determines its aggregation propensity
Authors: Stephens Amberley D. , Zacharopoulou Maria , Moons Rani , Fusco Giuliana , Seetaloo Neeleema , Chiki Anass , Woodhams Philippa J. , Mela Ioanna , Lashuel Hilal A. , Phillips Jonathan J. , De Simone Alfonso , Sobott Frank , Schierle Gabriele S. Kaminski 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs an intrinsically disordered protein, monomeric alpha-synuclein (aSyn) occupies a large conformational space. Certain conformations lead to aggregation prone and non-aggregation prone intermediates, but identifying these within the dynamic ensemble of monomeric conformations is difficult. Herein, we used the biologically relevant calcium ion to investigate the conformation of monomeric aSyn in relation to its aggregation propensity. We observe that the more exposed the N-terminus and the beginning of the NAC region of aSyn are, the more aggregation prone monomeric aSyn conformations become. Solvent exposure of the N-terminus of aSyn occurs upon release of C-terminus interactions when calcium binds, but the level of exposure and aSyn’s aggregation propensity is sequence and post translational modification dependent. Identifying aggregation prone conformations of monomeric aSyn and the environmental conditions they form under will allow us to design new therapeutics targeted to the monomeric protein.
Human aminolevulinate synthase structure reveals a eukaryotic-specific autoinhibitory loop regulating substrate binding and product release
Authors: Bailey Henry J. , Bezerra Gustavo A. , Marcero Jason R. , Padhi Siladitya , Foster William R. , Rembeza Elzbieta , Roy Arijit , Bishop David F. , Desnick Robert J. , Bulusu Gopalakrishnan , Dailey Harry A. , Yue Wyatt W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract5′-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) catalyzes the first step in heme biosynthesis, generating 5′-aminolevulinate from glycine and succinyl-CoA. Inherited frameshift indel mutations of human erythroid-specific isozyme ALAS2, within a C-terminal (Ct) extension of its catalytic core that is only present in higher eukaryotes, lead to gain-of-function X-linked protoporphyria (XLP). Here, we report the human ALAS2 crystal structure, revealing that its Ct-extension folds onto the catalytic core, sits atop the active site, and precludes binding of substrate succinyl-CoA. The Ct-extension is therefore an autoinhibitory element that must re-orient during catalysis, as supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Our data explain how Ct deletions in XLP alleviate autoinhibition and increase enzyme activity. Crystallography-based fragment screening reveals a binding hotspot around the Ct-extension, where fragments interfere with the Ct conformational dynamics and inhibit ALAS2 activity. These fragments represent a starting point to develop ALAS2 inhibitors as substrate reduction therapy for porphyria disorders that accumulate toxic heme intermediates.
Nonvolatile ferroelectric field-effect transistors
Authors: Chai Xiaojie , Jiang Jun , Zhang Qinghua , Hou Xu , Meng Fanqi , Wang Jie , Gu Lin , Zhang David Wei , Jiang An Quan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFuture data-intensive applications will have integrated circuit architectures combining energy-efficient transistors, high-density data storage and electro-optic sensing arrays in a single chip to perform in situ processing of captured data. The costly dense wire connections in 3D integrated circuits and in conventional packaging and chip-stacking solutions could affect data communication bandwidths, data storage densities, and optical transmission efficiency. Here we investigated all-ferroelectric nonvolatile LiNbO3 transistors to function through redirection of conducting domain walls between the drain, gate and source electrodes. The transistor operates as a single-pole, double-throw digital switch with complementary on/off source and gate currents controlled using either the gate or source voltages. The conceived device exhibits high wall current density and abrupt off-and-on state switching without subthreshold swing, enabling nonvolatile memory-and-sensor-in-logic and logic-in-memory-and-sensor capabilities with superior energy efficiency, ultrafast operation/communication speeds, and high logic/storage densities.