bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The platelet to high density lipoprotein ‐cholesterol ratio is a valid biomarker of nascent metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jialal Ishwarlal , Jialal Ganesh , Adams‐Huet Beverley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major global problem, and inflammation and insulin resistance appear to be key underpinnings in this cardio‐metabolic cluster. MetS predisposes to an increased risk of diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It has a procoagulant diathesis which included increased platelet activity and impaired fibrinolysis. High density lipoprotein (HDL) appears to be anti‐thrombotic. Accordingly, we examined the ratios between platelets to HDL‐cholesterol(C) and adiponectin (Adipo) in patients with nascent MetS without the confounding of diabetes, ASCVD and smoking to determine their validity as biomarkers of MetS.MethodsPatients with nascent MetS (n = 58) and matched controls (n = 44) were recruited. Fasting blood samples were obtained for complete blood counts, basic metabolic panel, lipids, insulin, and Adipo. Ratios of platelets to HDL‐C and Adipo were calculated.ResultsFollowing adjustment for adiposity, only the platelet: HDL ratio was significantly increased in MetS and increased with severity of MetS. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the platelet: HDL‐C area under the curve (AUC) significantly added to both platelets and platelet lymphocyte ratio AUCs. Also the platelet: HDL‐C ratio correlated with all cardio‐metabolic features of MetS, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein, insulin resistance chemerin, and leptin.ConclusionsThe ratio of platelets: HDL‐C is significantly increased in patients with nascent MetS and appear to be a valid biomarker of MetS. It could also emerge as a biomarker for athero‐thrombotic risk. However, these preliminary findings need confirmation in large prospective studies.
Characterizing the regenerative capacity and growth patterns of the Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni)
Authors: Vieira Warren A. , Anderson Kelsey , Glass Campbell Lindsay , McCusker Catherine D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRegeneration of complex patterned structures is well described among, although limited to a small sampling of, amphibians. This limitation impedes our understanding of the full range of regenerative competencies within this class of vertebrates, according to phylogeny, developmental life stage, and age. To broaden the phylogenetic breath of this research, we characterized the regenerative capacity of the Texas blind salamander (Eurycea rathbuni), a protected salamander native to the Edwards Aquifer of San Marcos, Texas and colonized by the San Marcos Aquatic Resource Center. As field observations suggested regenerative abilities in this population, the forelimb stump of a live captured female was amputated in the hopes of restoring the structure, and thus locomotion in the animal. Tails were clipped from two males to additionally document tail regeneration.ResultsWe show that the Texas blind salamander exhibits robust limb and tail regeneration, like all other studied Plethodontidae. Regeneration in this species is associated with wound epithelium formation, blastema formation, and subsequent patterning and differentiation of the regenerate.ConclusionsThe study has shown that the Texas blind salamander is a valuable model to study regenerative processes, and that therapeutic surgeries offer a valuable means to help maintain and conserve this vulnerable species.
Reduced‐scale test to assess the effect of fire barriers on the flaming combustion of cored composites: An upholstery‐material case study
Authors: Zammarano Mauro , Shields John R. , Leventon Isaac , Kim Ickchan , Nazare Shonali , Thompson Andre , Davis Rick D. , Chernovsky Artur , Bundy Matthew 
Published: September 2020

SummaryHerein, we describe a reduced‐scale test (“Cube” test), measuring the fire performance of specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core material, which acts as the main fuel load. The specimen is intended to reproduce a cross‐section of a composite product where heat/mass transfer occurs primarily in a direction perpendicular to the FB. The Cube test procedure and benefits are discussed in this work by adopting residential upholstery furniture as an exemplary study. One flexible polyurethane foam, one polypropylene cover fabric, and 10 commercially available FBs were selected. They were used to compare the fire performance of FBs, measured in terms of peak of heat release rate, in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test and the newly developed Cube test. Edge effects severely affected the performance of FBs in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test but not in the Cube test. Furthermore, appropriate test conditions were determined in the Cube test to measure the so‐called “wetting point,” that is, the time and value of heat release rate measured when flammable liquid products were first observed on the bottom of the specimen. The relevance of the “wetting point” in terms of full‐scale fire performance and failure mechanism of FBs is discussed.
Early childhood education and life‐cycle health
Authors: García Jorge Luis , Heckman James J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study forecasts the life‐cycle treatment effects on health of a high‐quality early childhood program. Our predictions combine microsimulation using nonexperimental data with experimental data from a midlife long‐term follow‐up. The follow‐up incorporated a full epidemiological exam. The program mainly benefits males and significantly reduces the prevalence of heart disease, stroke, cancer, and mortality across the life‐cycle. For men, we estimate an average reduction of 3.8 disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). The reduction in DALYs is relatively small for women. The gain in quality‐adjusted life years is almost enough to offset all of the costs associated with program implementation for males and half of program costs for women.
Heat‐in‐leak and longitudinal wall heat conduction influence on three‐fluid cross‐flow heat exchanger performance
Authors: K. H. Jyothiprakash , K. N. Seetharamu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe combined effect of the longitudinal wall heat conduction in the partitioning wall and ambient heat‐in‐leak (HL) from the surrounding to the heat exchanger is a serious factor affecting the performance of a multifluid heat exchanger. The performance of a three‐fluid cross‐cocurrent flow heat exchanger under such circumstances is investigated in this paper. The governing equations for three‐fluids and two separating walls are formulated on the basis of energy balance equations and solved using the finite element method (FEM). Nondimensional parameters (C1,2, C3,2, R1, R3, Ht, Hb, , , , and the number of transfer units [NTU]) are generated and used for the investigation. Effectiveness‐number of transfer plots method is used to analyze the combined effect of wall heat conduction and HL from the surrounding. The combined effect reduces the hot fluid effectiveness significantly for all the parameters considered. The effect of HL alone is predominant as compared with longitudinal wall conduction alone. However, the negligence of the above two parameters in the thermal design of the heat exchanger contributes to a significant loss in hot fluid effectiveness. For a balanced mass flow rate of hot and cold fluid, the drop in the hot fluid effectiveness is found to be 37% approximately (with C3,2 = 0.5, R1 = R3 = 1, Ht = Hb = 0.05, and  =  = 0.025 at NTU = 10). The results present insight and important considerations involved in the design of such heat exchangers. Also with the application of the FEM, for any number of elements, the stiffness matrix can be generated by writing a program and the exit temperatures are calculated very easily.
Dynamic network topology and market performance: A case of the Chinese stock market
Authors: Huang Chuangxia , Zhao Xian , Su Renli , Yang Xiaoguang , Yang Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAfter the subprime mortgage crisis, plenty of abnormal market performance indicates that financial markets can be regarded as complex systems and it's time to break through some classical models. To tackle the issue, we propose novel complex networks methods to identify financial crises and explain some performance of the Chinese stock market. Firstly, we use the daily closing prices to construct the dynamical complex networks and their minimum spanning tree (MST) maps. Secondly, we characterize topological evolution of dynamical MSTs by employing normalized tree length, node degree distribution, centrality measures, node strength distribution and edge survival ratios. Furthermore, empirical analyses show that: (i) the normalized tree length can be used to identify financial crises, it declines sharply in the run‐up to, and during the financial crisis, and increases rapidly afterwards; (ii) the normalized tree length is positively correlated with market return and negatively correlated with market tail risk and volatility; (iii) the closeness centrality of most stocks is significantly negatively correlated with individual returns and positively correlated with individual volatility; (iv) the node degree and node strength in most of MSTs follow the power‐law distribution; (v) the edge survival ratio analysis indicates that the dependence structure of the Chinese stock market is relatively stable.
Yield curve data choice and potential moral hazard: An empirical exercise on pricing callable bonds
Authors: Díaz Antonio , Jareño Francisco , Navarro Eliseo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are alternative providers of zero‐coupon yield curve datasets. This essential input for most financial purposes can also be estimated from cross‐sectional market price information. Although all these datasets are representations of the same reality, each dataset provides estimations from different baskets of assets and different fitting techniques. As the properties of the yield curves and their time series dynamics are different, the results of pricing interest rate derivatives may be sensitive to the choice among these datasets. We compare our own spot rates estimation from GovPX bond data and three popular available interest rate datasets. From an empirical exercise on pricing callable bonds, we observe relevant differences in economic terms when volatilities from different inputs are used. Therefore, financial institutions may have an incentive for choosing unduly one or another yield curve dataset in their self‐interest, raising a moral hazard problem.
Nonrigid water octamer: Computations with the 8‐cube
Authors: Balasubramanian Krishnan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA 8‐cube model of the fully nonrigid water octamer is considered within the 8‐dimensional hyperoctahedral wreath product group with 10,321,920 operations and 185 irreducible representations by employing computational and mathematical techniques. For the two lowest‐lying isomers of (H2O)8 with D2d and S4 symmetries of a rigid (H2O)8, correlation tables and nuclear spin statistics are constructed for the tunneling splittings of the rotational levels are computed by a computational matrix polynomial generating function technique combined with Möbius inversion, and the relationship to the 8‐cube multinomials are pointed out. Multinomial generating functions combined with the induced representation techniques are employed to compute and construct the nuclear spin species, nuclear spin statistical weights and tunneling splittings of rovibronic levels. We have also computed the spin statistical weights and tunneling splittings of the rotational levels for a semirigid water octamer within the wreath product Oh[S2] consisting of 12,288 operations.
Effects of triheptanoin (UX007) in patients with long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders: Results from an open‐label, long‐term extension study
Authors: Vockley Jerry , Burton Barbara , Berry Gerard , Longo Nicola , Phillips John , Sanchez‐Valle Amarilis , Chapman Kimberly , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Grunewald Stephanie , Murphy Elaine , Lu Xiaoxiao , Cataldo Jason 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLong‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAOD) are autosomal recessive conditions that impair conversion of long‐chain fatty acids into energy, leading to significant clinical symptoms. Triheptanoin is a highly purified, 7‐carbon chain triglyceride approved in the United States as a source of calories and fatty acids for treatment of pediatric and adult patients with molecularly confirmed LC‐FAOD. CL202 is an open‐label, long‐term extension study evaluating triheptanoin (Dojolvi) safety and efficacy in patients with LC‐FAOD. Patients rolled over from the CL201 triheptanoin clinical trial (rollover); were triheptanoin‐naïve (naïve); or had participated in investigator‐sponsored trials/expanded access programs (IST/other). Results focus on rollover and naïve groups, as pretreatment data allow comparison. Primary outcomes were annual rate and duration of major clinical events (MCEs; rhabdomyolysis, hypoglycemia, and cardiomyopathy events). Seventy‐five patients were enrolled (24 rollover, 20 naïve, 31 IST/other). Mean study duration was 23.0 months for rollover, 15.7 months for naïve, and 34.7 months for IST/other. In the rollover group, mean annualized MCE rate decreased from 1.76 events/year pre‐triheptanoin to 0.96 events/year with triheptanoin (P = .0319). Median MCE duration was reduced by 66%. In the naïve group, median annualized MCE rate decreased from 2.33 events/year pre‐triheptanoin to 0.71 events/year with triheptanoin (P = .1072). Median MCE duration was reduced by 80%. The most common related adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea, abdominal pain/discomfort, and vomiting, most mild to moderate. Three patients had serious AEs (diverticulitis, ileus, rhabdomyolysis) possibly related to drug; all resolved. Two patients had AEs leading to death; neither drug related. Triheptanoin reduced rate and duration of MCEs. Safety was consistent with previous observations.
Synovial mesenchymal stem cells promote the meniscus repair in a novel pig meniscus injury model
Authors: Ozeki Nobutake , Kohno Yuji , Kushida Yoshihisa , Watanabe Naoto , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Masumoto Jun , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStem cell therapy has potential for the treatment of degenerative meniscus injuries; however, an optimal animal model has not been established. Basic and clinical research show that synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) promote meniscus repair. The purposes of this study were to create a novel meniscus injury model in microminipigs and to investigate the effectiveness of synovial MSCs on meniscus healing in this model. The posterior portion of the medial meniscus in microminipigs was punctuated 200 times with a 23G needle. Allogenic synovial MSC suspension was placed on the injury site for 10 min for transplantation. The meniscus was evaluated histologically and via sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radial MRI reconstructed in three dimensional, and T2 mapping at 1 and 8 weeks. Proteoglycan content stained with safranin‐o disappeared 1 week after treatment in both the MSC and control groups but increased at 8 weeks only in the MSC group. Histological scores at 8 weeks were significantly higher in the MSC group than in the control group (n = 6). At 8 weeks, the T2 values of the MSC group were significantly closer to those of a normal meniscus than were those of the control group. High signal intensity areas of the MRIs and positive areas stained with picrosirius red coincided with meniscal lesions. In conclusion, we created a novel meniscus injury model in microminipigs. Evaluation via histology, MRIs, and polarized microscopy showed that transplantation of synovial MSCs improved meniscus healing.
Lateral to medial fibro‐adipogenic degeneration are greater in infraspinatus than supraspinatus following nerve and tendon injury of murine rotator cuff
Authors: Wu Genbin , Hu Vivian J. , McClintick Daniel J. , Gatto Jonathan D. , Aderibigbe Temidayo , Lu Liangyu , Jensen Andrew R. , Dar Ayelet , Petrigliano Frank A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSmall animal models of massive tears of the rotator cuff (RC) were introduced a decade ago and have been extensively used to study the pathophysiology of chronically injured RC. Transection of rodent suprascapular nerve and RC tendon results in progressive muscle atrophy, fibrosis and fat accumulation and affect the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles similarly to that seen in the setting of massive RC tears in humans. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the kinetics of fibrotic scar and adipose tissue development comparing phenotypic differences between chronically injured infraspinatus and supraspinatus. Automatic mosaic imaging was used to create large image of whole infraspinatus or supraspinatus sectioned area for quantification of spatial heterogeneity of muscle damage. Pathologic changes advanced from the lateral site of transection to the medial region far from the transection site. A prominent, accelerated muscle fibrosis and fat accumulation was measured in injured infraspinatus compared to supraspinatus. Furthermore, adipose tissue occupied significantly larger area than that of fibrotic tissue in both muscles but was greater in infraspinatus within 6 weeks post induction of injury. Our findings confirm that infraspinatus is more susceptible to accelerated chronic degeneration and can be used to identify the physiological functions that distinguish between the response of infraspinatus and supraspinatus in the setting of massive tears. Whether these pathologic differences observed in mice are reflected in humans is one key aspect that awaits clarification.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Service Members Predict New‐Onset Depression Among Military Spouses
Authors: Walter Kristen H. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Carballo Carlos E. , McMaster Hope Seib , Donoho Carrie J. , Stander Valerie A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMilitary operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have brought increased attention to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among service members and, more recently, its impact on spouses. Existing research has demonstrated that PTSD among service members is associated with depression among military spouses. In the current study, we extended these findings by using data from service member–spouse dyads enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Family Study for which the service member had evidence of PTSD (n = 563). Prospective analyses identified the association between PTSD symptom clusters reported by the service member and new‐onset depression among military spouses. Over the 3‐year study period, 14.4% of these military spouses met the criteria for new‐onset depression. In adjusted models, service member ratings of symptoms in the effortful avoidance cluster, odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% CI [1.03, 2.50], predicted an increased risk of new‐onset depression among military spouses, whereas reexperiencing symptoms, adjusted OR = 0.57; 95% CI [0.32, 1.01], were marginally protective. These findings suggest that PTSD symptom clusters in service members differentially predict new‐onset depression in military spouses, which has implications for treatment provision.
Variation in Survival and Harvest Rates in Florida Mottled Duck
Authors: Bielefeld Ronald R. , Garrettson Pamela R. , Dooley Joshua L. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThe Florida mottled duck (Anas fulvigula fulvigula) inhabits a relatively small range of approximately 90,000 km2 within peninsular Florida, USA, and is threatened by habitat loss and genetic introgression with feral mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Moreover, the Florida mottled duck population status has not been assessed for more than a decade. We used band‐recovery and recapture data from 2000–2013 to examine geographic and demographic factors that influence the survival of Florida mottled ducks and to determine whether survival and harvest probabilities have changed over time. Mean survival probabilities were higher for birds banded in the southern portion of their Florida range than for those banded in the northern portion and higher for adult males than for adult females in both areas. Harvest probabilities increased in the northern extent of its range in Florida for adults and juveniles and remained relatively constant in the southern portion of its range during the study period. Mean harvest probabilities for adult males in both areas were higher than for adult females. Mean harvest probability for juvenile females was higher than that for juvenile males in the north but was similar between the sexes in the south. Our results suggest that mortality rates are generally greater in the northern portion of the Florida mottled duck range because of regional differences in habitat distribution and permanence and in how mottled ducks and humans use wetlands in these areas. We suggest increasing conservation efforts in the north portion of the Florida mottled duck range and improving inferences from leg banding by incorporating live recapture data. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Quality attributes of formulated snacks from blends of cassava starch and soy protein isolate deep fried in palmolein oil
Authors: Omidiran Adebukola T. , Sobukola Olajide P. , Sanni Silifat A. , Sanni Lateef O. , Adebowale Abdul‐rasaq A. , Azeez Rukayat , Iluebbey Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCassava starches from three varieties (TMS‐30572, TMS‐950289 and TME‐419) and soy protein isolate (SPI) were used to prepare dough at different proportions of 85:15 and 95:5 ratio of cassava starch to soy protein isolate. Dough were sheeted, cut and fried in palmolein oil at deep frying conditions of 170°C and 180°C for 5 and 15 min for temperature and time, respectively. Texture, chemical and colour properties were evaluated using a 2‐level full factorial experimental design (23) for three factors. The data obtained were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and numerical optimization in design expert 6.0.8. There were significant (p < .05) effects on expansion, colour and appearance. The optimized SPI level, frying temperature and frying time of 15%, 170°C and 2 min were obtained for TMS‐950289; 15%, 180°C and 4 min for TME‐419; and 15%, 170°C and 4 min for TMS‐30572, respectively.
First report of a Mexican family with mutation in the CDH1 gene
Authors: Martínez Valenzuela Carmen , Castelán‐Maldonado Edmundo Erbey , Carvajal‐Zarrabal Octavio , Calderón‐Garcidueñas Ana Laura 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGermline mutations in E‐cadherin (CDH1) gene are associated with autosomal‐dominantly inherited cancer syndrome characterized by diffuse gastric cancer, lobular breast cancer, and in some families, cleft lip/palate. However, there may be generations in which these neoplasms do not occur at all in a family and later on, one or another carcinoma arises, which makes it difficult for physicians to think about hereditary origin.MethodsWe report the first Mexican family with CDH1 mutation (variant c.377del).ResultsAn asymptomatic young woman underwent a search for mutations in susceptibility genes for breast cancer due to the history of this neoplasm in her mother and maternal aunt. A CDH1 mutation was detected. After an endoscopy, a diffuse gastric carcinoma was found. Later on, three generations of this family were studied. The findings are presented.ConclusionMedical communities should be aware of the contribution of this gene in the development of hereditary diffuse gastric carcinoma (HDGC) and breast cancer.