bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why the Effects of Oil Price Shocks on China’s Economy are Changing
Authors: Wang Shouyang , Zhang Xun , Zhao Lin 
Published: March 2020

Some studies on developed economies have revealed that the impacts of oil price shocks have decreased while conclusions about China remain occluded. We investigate the changing effects of oil price shocks on China’s macroeconomy and discuss the causes. A time-varying parameter vector autoregressive (VAR) model reveals that impacts of oil price shocks on China’s economy have shown a downward trend since 1997. The responses of the real output are much greater and last longer than those of inflation. Then a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model is developed to synthetically explore the causes. The results indicate that decreasing oil intensity and monopoly power reduce the effects of oil price shocks, while increasing capital intensity in production amplifies them. Other factors-such as changing price stickiness, deregulation of refined oil prices, and shifts in monetary policy targets-have limited effects on the relationship between oil price shocks and China’s macroeconomy.
Adenomyosis
Authors: Zheng Wei , Deng Boya 
Published: March 2020

Adenomyosis is a benign uterus disease in which the invasion of the endometrial glands and/or stroma within myometrium is found and usually appears between the ages of 40 and 50 years in women. There are several differences in their pathogenesis. The secondary dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia are the common symptoms. Ultrasound sonography, MRI, CA125, and histological examination can be helpful for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. The treatment of adenomyosis depends on the patient’s age, symptoms, and desire for future fertility, including medical treatment and surgical treatment.
Bir Diyabet Kampı: Öncesi ve Sonrası?
Authors: KARDAŞ Burcu , KARDAŞ Ömer , DÜNDAR Münevver , DEMİRAL Meliha , ÖZBEK Mehmet Nuri 
Published: March 2020

Giriş: Çalışmamızın amacı, pediatrik endokrinoloji kliniğinde takip edilen Tip 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) tanılı çocuk ve ergenlerde, diyabet kampının; HbA1c, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ölçümlerine, anksiyete ve depresyon puanlarına ve yaşam kalitesi değişimlerine etkisini incelemektir. Olgular kampa gitmeden ve kampa katıldıktan 6 ay sonra değerlendirilmiştir.
Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 2018 yılında, 29 Temmuz-7 Ağustos tarihleri arasında İznik’te gerçekleştirilen kampta, Diyarbakır’dan katılan olgular değerlendirilmiştir. Arkadaşım Diyabet Kampı’na katılan 17 olgunun HbA1c düzeyleri, VKİ, çocuklar için depresyon ölçeği (ÇDÖ), Çocuklarda Anksiyete Tarama Ölçeği (ÇATÖ) ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (çocuklar ve ergenler için) puanları kampa katılmadan önce ve kampa katıldıktan 6 ay sonra değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 17 olgu pediatrik endokrinoloji kliniğinde takipli 720 hastanın arasında daha önce kampa katılmamış ve ailesi kampa katılmasını kabul eden tip 1 DM’li olgulardan seçilmiştir. Grubun yaş ortalaması 13,1(min:10-maks:17,5),tanı alma yaşı ortalaması 7,6 (min:1-maks:15) olarak saptanmıştır. HbA1c düzeyleri, VKİ ve ölçek puanları değerlendirildiğinde kamp öncesi ve sonrası anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır. Ancak 6. ayda ölçülen HbA1c düzeyleri ile depresyon ve anksiyete puanları ile pozitif, yaşam kalitesi puanları ile negatif yönde bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu ilişkinin anlamlı olduğu saptanmıştır (p
Santral Sinir Sistemi Tümörlerinin Histopatolojik Dağılımı ve İnsidansı: Tek Merkezin 10 yıllık Retrospektif Analizi
Authors: ÇETİN Nesibe Kahraman 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Yetişkinlerde Santral Sinir Sistemi (SSS) tümörlerinin insidansı düşük olmasına rağmen, geçen zaman içerisinde tüm dünyada artmaktadır. SSS tümörleri yüksek morbidite ve mortalite oranlarına sahip olup, histolojik tiplerin sıklığı, cinsiyet tercihleri, anatomik lokalizasyonları tüm dünyada farklıdır. Türkiye’de SSS tümörlerinin epidemiyolojisi üzerine birkaç sınırlı çalışma bulunmakta olup, bölgemize ait verileri sunan bir çalışma yoktur. Çalışmanın amacı, Aydın ve çevresi popülasyonda SSS tümörlerinin dağılımını göstermek ve literatür verileriyle karşılatırmaktır.
Yöntemler: Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıbbi Patoloji Laboratuvarında 2008-2017 yılları arasında tanı alan, primer-metastatik intrakranial tümörleri kapsayan 266 olgu arşivden taranarak çalışmaya alındı. Olguların yaş, cinsiyet, anatomik lokalizasyon, tümör kaynakları, histolojik tipleri ve grade’e göre gruplandırmaları yapıldı.
Bulgular: Erkeklerde kadınlara göre yaş ortalamasının daha büyük olması (p=0.001), kadınlarda 40’lı, erkeklerde 60’lı yaşlarda sıklık (p=0,001), kadınlarda meningiomların, erkeklerde metastatik tümörlerin daha yüksek oranda görülmesi (p=0,002), tümör lateralitesinde sağ tarafta sıklık (p=0,001) anlamlıydı. Primer tümörler en sık frontal lobda, metastatik tümörler en sık serebellumda görüldü (p=0.001).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada primer SSS tümörlerinin cinsiyet, anatomik lokalizasyon, grade dağılımlarının literatür ile uyumlu olduğu, tümörlerin Amerika popülasyonu ile benzer, Asya ve Avrupa popülasyonuna göre daha ileri yaşta görüldüğü saptanmıştır. SSS tümör grupları ve histolojik tiplerin dağılımında ise Asya ve Avrupa verilerine daha yakın sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Tümör lateralitesinin literatürden farklı olarak sağda daha sık olduğu görülmüştür. Metastatik tümörlerin en sık tuttuğu lokalizasyonun serebellum olması ve erkeklerde daha sık olması literatürden farklı elde ettiğimiz sonuçlardır. Bu çalışma, Aydın ve çevresi SSS tümörlerinin epidemiyolojik özelliklerini ve uluslararası serilere kıyasla nasıl dağılım gösterdiğini anlamaya yardımcı olmaktadır.
Success Predictors For Third-Year Osteopathic Medical Students on National Standardized Examinations: A Family Medicine Clerkship Course Study
Authors: Glaser Kelli , Sackett Denise , Pazdernik Vanessa K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Context
Medical education institutions often use community-based sites and preceptors during students' third and fourth years for clinical training. However, differences in the sites, preceptors, assessment methods, and students may result in variations in clinical training, potentially affecting educational outcomes. During clerkships at A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, all students are evaluated by several methods for each required clerkship course. Required assessments include the clinical preceptor's evaluation, online coursework specific to each clerkship, patient log documentation, and the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Achievement Test (COMAT) relevant to that clerkship.

Objective
To evaluate which methods of student assessment in a family medicine clerkship course were most predictive of the future success of students on national standardized examinations.

Methods
Third-year osteopathic medical students from a single class who had completed the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX)-USA Level 2-Cognitive Evaluation (CE) and 2-Performance Evaluation (PE) and the COMAT were included in the study. Scores on the examinations were used as success benchmarks. Analysis of 4 categories of predictor variables—clerkship site, previous student performance, preceptor evaluation, and clerkship coursework assessment (ie, assignment scores and log numbers)—was used to predict success on the national standardized examinations.

Results
Ninety-nine of 105 students were eligible for inclusion. No associations were found between examination scores and clerkship site or log numbers (all P≥.10). Correlations were found for previous student performance (ie, grade point average for first-year and second-year coursework) and all examinations except COMLEX-USA Level 2-PE (r=0.56-0.74, all P<.001), and between total score in family medicine clerkship coursework and COMLEX-USA Level 2-CE and COMAT scores (r=0.28-0.39, all P≤.006). Correlations were also found between preceptor evaluation (total score and subscore on medical knowledge) and all assessed national standardized examinations (r=0.20-0.34, all P<.049).

Conclusion
Our results suggest that analysis of predictor variables in clerkship courses can reasonably predict success on national standardized examinations and may be useful for early identification of struggling students who may need additional support to perform well on the examinations.
Impact of Alcohol Intoxication on Pregnant Albino Wistar Rats; Some Blood Profile and Histopathological Evidence
Authors: Onyemelukwe A. O. , Achukwu P. U. , Azubuike N. C. , Ogenyi S. I. , Onwukwe O. S. , Odo O. F. , Ogu C. O. 
Published: March 2020

Aim: To investigate the effects of alcohol consumption on serum biochemistry and histomorphology of liver, kidneys and uterus of pregnant Albino Wistar rats.
Study Design: An experimental study which lasted for six weeks was conducted in the Animal house of the Department of Physiology, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.
Methodology: Twenty (20) female albino Wistar rats were used in this study. They were divided into five groups (n=4): Three experimental groups (A - C) and two control groups (pregnant and non-pregnant). Groups A, B and C were treated with 0.3 g/kg, 0.8 g/kg and 2 g/kg Ethanol respectively via oral gavage, once daily for 30 days. Blood samples were collected from the female rats via retro orbital puncture and the sera obtained were used for the determination of serum Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine levels. Liver, kidney and uterus were excised after animal sacrifice for histopathological studies.
Results: A statistically significant increase in ALT, AST and ALP levels was observed only in rats treated with 0.3 g/kg/day of ethanol when compared with the controls (P=.000). Serum creatinine and urea levels in all groups showed no difference when compared with the controls. However, varying degrees of micro-architectural changes were observed in the liver, kidneys and uterus of rats in all treatment groups.
Conclusion: The present data suggest that alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes histological lesions that may be responsible for the tissue alterations observed in the experimental animals.
Induction of Systemic Resistant Molecules in Phylloplane of Rice Plants against Magnaporthe oryzae by Pseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Suguna S. , Parthasarathy S. , Karthikeyan G. 
Published: March 2020

Rice blast caused by ascomycetes fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is mostly considered the utmost significant disease of rice worldwide since its widespread dissemination and destructiveness under conducive conditions. Experiments were conducted in phylloplane of rice plants to study the induction of various defense enzymes and accumulation of phenol by three biocontrol agents viz., P. fluorescens talc (Pf1), liquid formulation with TNAU - Pf1 and Biocure - B under pot culture. The application of bioformulatons of P. flourescens triggered the activity of three defense related enzymes viz., peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and SOD were induced and the accumulation of phenol was also noticed in phylloplane rice plant upon challenge inoculation with Magnaporthe oryzae the causal agent for leaf blast disease in rice. The activities of defense enzymes reached a peak at three days after inoculation (DAI) with the pathogen. Native PAGE analysis revealed the expression of an additional isoforms of PO, PPO, SOD and catalase were observed in biocontrol agents treated seedlings due to induced systemic resistance (ISR) induction.
Interconnect Technique for Tight Clearance in Stacked-die Package
Authors: Gomez F. R. , Rodriguez R. , Gomez N. 
Published: March 2020

The paper focused in addressing wire-related assembly issues due to tight clearances in the semiconductor package design. Package design characterization was done considering the assembly design rules and the advanced rules, resulting to the integration of an interposer in the package design. With the new design, the assembly limitations and capability could be improved specifically for semiconductor devices with tight clearance requirement. Furthermore, gross assembly rejections related to tight clearances could be mitigated with the design solution and process improvement.
Origin and adaptation of green‐sensitive (RH2) pigments in vertebrates
Authors: Yokoyama Shozo , Jia Huiyong 
Published: March 2020

One of the critical times for the survival of animals is twilight where the most abundant visible lights are between 400 and 550 nanometres (nm). Green‐sensitive RH2 pigments help nonmammalian vertebrate species to better discriminate wavelengths in this blue‐green region. Here, evaluation of the wavelengths of maximal absorption (λmaxs) of genetically engineered RH2 pigments representing 13 critical stages of vertebrate evolution revealed that the RH2 pigment of the most recent common ancestor of vertebrates had a λmax of 503 nm, while the 12 ancestral pigments exhibited an expanded range in λmaxs between 474 and 524 nm, and present‐day RH2 pigments have further expanded the range to ~ 450–530 nm. During vertebrate evolution, eight out of the 16 significant λmax shifts (or |Δλmax| ≥ 10 nm) of RH2 pigments identified were fully explained by the repeated mutations E122Q (twice), Q122E (thrice) and M207L (twice), and A292S (once). Our data indicated that the highly variable λmaxs of teleost RH2 pigments arose from gene duplications followed by accelerated amino acid substitution.
General Paradigm in Photoredox Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Allows for Light‐Free Access to Reactivity
Authors: Sun Rui , Qin Yangzhong , Nocera Daniel G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelf‐sustained NiI/III cycles are established as a potentially general paradigm in photoredox Ni‐catalyzed carbon–heteroatom cross‐coupling reactions through a strategy that allows us to recapitulate photoredox‐like reactivity in the absence of light across a wide range of substrates in the amination, etherification, and esterification of aryl bromides, the latter of which has remained, hitherto, elusive under thermal Ni catalysis. Moreover, the accessibility of esterification in the absence of light is especially notable because previous mechanistic studies on this transformation under photoredox conditions have unanimously invoked energy‐transfer‐mediated pathways.
Light‐Driven Crawling of Molecular Crystals by Phase‐Dependent Transient Elastic Lattice Deformation
Authors: Gong Yanjun , Guo Yongxian , Ge Fayuan , Xiong Wei , Su Jie , Sun Yang , Zhang Chuang , Cao An‐Min , Zhang Yifan , Zhao Jincai , Che Yanke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe light‐driven crawling of a molecular crystal that can form three phases, (α, β, and γ) is presented. Laser irradiation of the molecular crystal can generate phase‐dependent transient elastic lattice deformation. The resulting elastic lattice deformation that follows scanning irradiation of a laser can actuate the different phases of molecular crystal to move with different velocity and direction. Because the γ phase has a large Young's modulus (ca. 26 GPa), a force of 0.1 μN can be generated under one laser spot. The generated force is sufficient to actuate the γ‐formed molecular crystals in a wide dimensional range to move longitudinally at a velocity of about 60 μm min−1, which is two orders of magnitude faster than the α and β phases.
Hidden Isolated OH at the Charged Hydrophobic Interface Revealed by Two‐Dimensional Heterodyne‐Detected VSFG Spectroscopy
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed , Inoue Ken‐ichi , Nihonyanagi Satoshi , Tahara Tahei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWater around hydrophobic groups mediates hydrophobic interactions that play key roles in many chemical and biological processes. Thus, the molecular‐level elucidation of the properties of water in the vicinity of hydrophobic groups is important. We report on the structure and dynamics of water at two oppositely charged hydrophobic ion/water interfaces, that is, the tetraphenylborate‐ion (TPB−)/water and tetraphenylarsonium‐ion (TPA+)/water interfaces, which are clarified by two‐dimensional heterodyne‐detected vibrational sum‐frequency generation (2D HD‐VSFG) spectroscopy. The obtained 2D HD‐VSFG spectra of the anionic TPB− interface reveal the existence of distinct π‐hydrogen bonded OH groups in addition to the usual hydrogen‐bonded OH groups, which are hidden in the steady‐state spectrum. In contrast, 2D HD‐VSFG spectra of the cationic TPA+ interface only show the presence of usual hydrogen‐bonded OH groups. The present study demonstrates that the sign of the interfacial charge governs the structure and dynamics of water molecules that face the hydrophobic region.
A psychoanalytic and qualitative research on immigrants' “left‐behind” children: “I understand why they left, but why did they leave?”
Authors: Anagnostaki Lida , Zaharia Alexandra 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe psychoanalytic literature on migration has extensively explored the psychic impact of the migration process on the people who migrate, whereas the predicament of the immigrants' children that were left behind in the country of origin has been largely overlooked. This paper has a twofold aim. Firstly, it sets out to explore the experience of being left behind as a child by parents who emigrated to another country for economic reasons, and secondly, it aspires to present a valid combination of psychoanalytic thinking and qualitative design.MethodsFourteen adult men and women who as children were left behind in Greece when their parents emigrated were interviewed about their current perspectives on their childhood experiences. Their narratives were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, a qualitative research method that can offer material suitable for psychodynamic understanding.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews yielded the overarching theme “Trauma” and four superordinate themes, “Intense emotions,” “Effects on parent–child relationship,” “Defenses,” and “Psychopathology.” The discussion of the results focuses on the psychoanalytic exploration of the trauma induced by the early and prolonged parent–child separation and its psychic sequelae.ConclusionBeing left in the country of origin by parents who emigrated to another country for economic reasons was a traumatic experience for the “left‐behind” children. The complexities of this situation may be depicted through the combination of qualitative research methods and psychoanalytic understanding.
Association between olfactory sensitivity and behavioral responses of Drosophila suzukii to naturally occurring volatile compounds
Authors: Corda Giulia , Solari Paolo , Dettori Maria Antonietta , Fabbri Davide , Delogu Giovanna , Crnjar Roberto , Sollai Giorgia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is an invasive, destructive crop pest that originated in South East Asia. D. suzukii recently invaded Western countries and is threatening both European and American fruit industries. It is extremely attracted to otherwise undamaged, ripening fruits, unlike most other Drosophila species that attack only decaying or rotten fruits. Recent studies on different insect species showed that several naturally occurring compounds of easy market availability showing deterrent action may be used to supplement mass catches with food traps. Based on these considerations, the aim of the present work was to test the effects of some natural compounds (alone or in the mixture) on the olfactory system of the D. suzukii and the behavioral responses evoked. We measured by electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, the olfactory sensitivity of antennae to increasing concentrations of eugenol, vanillin, menthol, cis‐jasmone; eugenol + vanillin, +menthol, +cis‐jasmone; vanillin + menthol, +cis‐jasmone. In addition, the behavioral responses to the same compounds and mixtures were evaluated. Our electrophysiological results show a dose‐response relationship between the EAG amplitudes and the increasing concentrations of the olfactory compound. The behavioral results show that the number of laid eggs is significantly different between the standard diet and the standard diet + natural compound. These results underline a specificity in the olfactory sensitivity and in the ovipositing behavior of D. suzukii females; also, they could be valuable for the identification of key chemicals aimed at the future development of strategies in the management and control of this harmful insect for crops.
Non‐clinical characterization of the disposition of EMA401, a novel small molecule angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist
Authors: Murgasova Renata , Carreras Ester Tor , Suetterlin‐Hachmann Martina , da Silva Torrao Leonel Reis , Kittelmann Matthias , Alexandra Vargas , Fredenhagen Andreas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEMA401, (the S‐enantiomer of 5‐(benzyloxy)‐2‐(2,2‐diphenylacetyl)‐6‐methoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid), also known as Olodanrigan, is an orally active selective angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) antagonist that is in Phase IIb clinical development as a novel analgesic for the relief of chronic pain. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the disposition of a single 14C‐ labeled EMA401 in non‐clinical studies. The in vitro metabolism studies of EMA401 were undertaken to understand the hepatic biotransformation pathways in animal species used in toxicology studies and how they compare to human. Furthermore, investigation of EMA401's PK was carried out in vivo in rats. The study demonstrates the rapid absorption and distribution of drug‐related material mainly to the tissues associated with absorption and elimination (GI tract, liver, and kidney). EMA401was then readily eliminated metabolically via the bile (95% of dose) predominantly in the form of the direct acylglucuronide (40% of dose), which was further hydrolysed by the intestinal flora to the active parent drug. Other metabolic pathways such as dealkylations and hydroxylation were also involved in the elimination of EMA401 to a lesser extent. EMA401 was metabolically unstable in hepatocytes of all species investigated and the key metabolites produced in the in vitro model were also detected in vivo. Independent of the dosing route, the S‐enantiomer EMA401 showed a good in vivo chiral stability. Overall, the present study provides the first full characterization of the disposition of EMA401 in preclinical species.
Incorporating Lanthanum into Mesoporous Silica Foam Enhances Enzyme Immobilization and the Activity of Penicillin G Acylase Due to Lewis Acid‐Base Interactions
Authors: Tian Chengcheng , Xu Xuyang , Zhang Haiyang , Mehio Nada , Guo Yanglong , Ma Liang , Dai Sheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPenicillin G acylase (PGA) has been immobilized on a lanthanum‐incorporated mesostructured cellular foam (La‐MCF) support by using the interaction between the strong Lewis acid sites on the surface of La‐MCF and the free amino groups of lysine residues of PGA. The La‐MCF support was successfully synthesized in situ through the addition of a citric acid (CA) complexant. The results of pyridine‐IR spectroscopy show the presence of strong Lewis acid sites on the surface of the prepared La‐MCF (with CA), attributed to the incorporation of lanthanum species into the framework of MCF. Through interaction with the strong Lewis acid sites, the enzymes can be firmly immobilized on the surface of the support. The results indicate that PGA/La‐MCF (with CA) exhibits a high specific activity and greatly enhanced operational stability. For the hydrolysis of penicillin G potassium salt, the initial specific activity of PGA/La‐MCF (with CA) reaches 10023 U/g. Even after being recycled 10 times, PGA/La‐MCF (with CA) retains 89 % of its initial specific activity, much higher than the 77 % of PGA/Si‐MCF.