bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of light, dark, temperature and drought on metabolite and ion composition in nectar and nectaries of an epiphytic bromeliad species (Aechmea fasciata)
Authors: Göttlinger T. , Lohaus G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Research into the influence of stress factors, such as drought, different temperatures and/or varied light conditions, on plants due to climate changes is becoming increasingly important. Epiphytes, like many species of the Bromeliaceae, are particularly affected by this, but little is known about impacts on nectar composition and nectary metabolism.

We investigated the influence of drought, different temperatures and light–dark regimes on nectar and nectaries of the epiphytic bromeliad species, Aechmea fasciata, and also the influence of drought with the terrestrial bromeliad, Billbergia nutans. The content of sugars, amino acids and ions in nectar and nectaries was analysed using HPLC. In addition, the starch content and the activities of different invertases in nectaries were determined.

Compositions of nectar and nectaries were hardly influenced, neither by light nor dark, nor by different temperatures. In contrast, drought revealed changes in nectar volumes and nectar sugar compositions in the epiphytic bromeliad as well as in the terrestrial bromeliad. In both species, the sucrose‐to‐hexose ratio in nectar decreased considerably during the drought period. These changes in nectar sugar composition do not correlate with changes in the nectaries. The total sugar, amino acid and ion concentrations remained constant in nectar as well as in nectaries during the drought period.

Changes in nectar composition or in the production of floral pollinator rewards are likely to affect plant–pollinator interactions. It remains questionable how far the adaptations of the bromeliads to drought and diverse light or temperature conditions are still sufficient.
SJI 2020 special issue: A catalogue of Ovarian Cancer targets for CAR therapy
Authors: Benard Emmanuelle , Casey Nicholas P. , Inderberg Else Marit , Wälchli Sébastien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOvarian Cancer (OC) is currently difficult to cure, mainly due to its late detection and the advanced state of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, conventional treatments such as debulking surgery and combination chemotherapy are rarely able to control progression of the tumour, and relapses are frequent. Alternative therapies are currently being evaluated, including immunotherapy and advanced T cell‐based therapy. In the present review, we will focus on a description of those Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) that have been validated in the laboratory or are being tested in the clinic. Numerous target antigens have been defined due to the identification of OC biomarkers, and many are being used as CAR targets. We provide an exhaustive list of these constructs and their current status. Despite being innovative and efficient, the OC‐specific CARs face a barrier to their clinical efficacy: the tumour microenvironment (TME). Indeed, effector cells expressing CARs have been shown to be severely inhibited, rendering the CAR T cells useless once at the tumour site. Herein, we give a thorough description of the highly immunosuppressive OC TME and present recent studies and innovations that have enabled CAR T cells to counteract this negative environment and to destroy tumours.
Nanotechnology‐based wastewater treatment
Authors: Cheriyamundath Sanith , Vavilala Sirisha L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWater contamination is a global challenge impacting both the environment and human health with significant economic and social costs. The growing scarcity of usable water resources requires effective treatment of wastewater. In this context, developing cheaper, safer and more efficient wastewater treatment technologies are the need of the hour. One promising approach that several studies have reported success has been the usage of nanomaterials in water and waste water management. The rapid progress of research in nanomaterial sciences has shown their growing potential; however, there has not been a great amount of information available on their implementation. This review focuses on developments in nanotechnology that hold strong potential for wastewater treatment. The review covers key techniques in nanomaterial‐based water treatments including adsorption, filtration and photocatalysis with recent examples showing how to improve their properties and efficiencies according to the need.
WProfX: A Fine-grained Visualization Tool for Web Page Loads
Authors: Nejati Javad , Balasubramanian Aruna 
Published: June 2020

Web page performance is crucial in today's Internet ecosystem, and Web developers use various developer tools to analyze their page load performance. However, existing tools cannot be used to identify the critical bottlenecks during the page load process. In this work, we design an online tool called WProfX that allows Web developers to visually identify bottlenecks in their page structure. The key to WProfX is that unlike existing Web performance tools, WProfX not only visualizes the page load activity timings, but also extracts the dependencies between the activities. Using the dependency structure, WProfX identifies the critical bottleneck activities. This lets a developer quickly identify why their page is loading slow and conduct what-if analyses to study the effect of different optimizations.
WProfX uses low-level tracing information exposed by most major browsers to extract the relationship between page load activities. The result is that WProfX works with most major browsers and newer browser versions. WProfX visualizes the page load process as a dependency graph of semantically meaningful Web activities and identifies the critical bottlenecks. We evaluate WProfX with 14 Web developers who perform three what-if analysis tasks involving identifying the page load bottleneck and evaluating the effect of a page optimization. All the participants were able to complete the tasks with WProfX, compared to less than 60% when using the popular developer tools available today. WProfX is currently being used by Web developers in a large telecom and at a Silicon Valley startup.
CrowdUI: Supporting Web Design with the Crowd
Authors: Oppenlaender Jonas , Tiropanis Thanassis , Hosio Simo 
Published: June 2020

Web design is a complex and challenging task. It involves making many design decisions that materialise preconceived notions of user needs that may or may not be true. In this paper, we investigate supporting the co-design of a website with visual feedback elicited from the website's community of users. Website users can express their needs by re-arranging and modifying the website's layout and design. To explore and validate this idea, we present CrowdUI, a web-based tool that enables members of the community of a website to visually express their design improvement ideas, frustrations and needs, and to send this feedback to the person in charge of designing or maintaining the website.
CrowdUI is validated in a study with 45 users of a popular social media and networking website. Second, our qualitative evaluation with 60 experienced web developers shows that CrowdUI is able to elicit diverse and meaningful feedback. Put together, our results suggest that CrowdUI's approach constitutes a productive setting for eliciting visual feedback from the user community as a complement to traditional ways of eliciting feedback and participatory design. Finally, based on our experiences, we discuss a design space for crowdsourced web design and provide design recommendations for similar future tools.
Extended‐Release Oral Milrinone for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Nanayakkara Shane , Byrne Melissa , Mak Vivian , Carter Kaye , Dean Eliza , Kaye David M. 
Published: June 2020

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (
HF
p
EF
) is an increasingly prevalent form of heart failure, representing half of the total burden of heart failure. We hypothesised that modulation of the phosphodiesterase type 3/cyclic
AMP
using a novel oral formulation of milrinone might exert favorable effects
HF
p
EF
via pulmonary and systemic vasodilation and enhancement of ventricular relaxation. We assessed the safety and efficacy of oral milrinone on quality of life and functional outcomes in patients with
HF
p
EF
.

Methods and Results

The Mil
HFPEF
(Extended Release Oral Milrinone for the Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) study was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study in 23 patients with symptomatic
HF
p
EF
. Efficacy end points included changes from baseline in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire summary score and 6‐minute walk distance. The primary safety end point was the development of clinically significant arrhythmia. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire score improved significantly in milrinone‐treated patients compared with placebo (+10±13 versus −3±15;
P
=0.046). Six‐minute walk distance also tended to improve in the treatment group compared with placebo (+22 [−8 to 49] versus −47 [−97 to 12];
P
=0.092). Heart rate (−1±5 versus −2±9 bpm;
P
=0.9) and systolic blood pressure (−3±18 versus +1±12 mm Hg;
P
=0.57) were unchanged. Early filling velocity/early mitral annular velocity (−0.3±3.0 versus −1.9±4.8;
P
=0.38) was unchanged. One patient in the placebo arm was hospitalized for heart failure. Holter monitoring did not demonstrate evidence of a proarrhythmic effect of milrinone.

Conclusions

In this novel pilot study, extended release oral milrinone was well tolerated and associated with improved quality of life in patients with
HF
p
EF
. Further longer‐term studies are warranted to establish the role of this therapeutic approach in
HF
p
EF
.

Registration

URL
:
https://www.anzctr.org.au/
; Unique identifier:
ACTRN
12616000619448.
En privé & en public: The Epistolary Preparation of the Dutch Stadtholders
Authors: Green Michaël , Nørgaard Lars Cyril , Bruun Mette Birkedal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In his educational treatise, the Instruction du prince chrétien (1642), André Rivet, the tutor of the future Willem II (1627-1650), presents his ideal of a virtuous prince well versed in the skills required to govern himself and his subjects. In the educational correspondences surrounding the future Dutch stadtholders we see some of these theoretical principles played out in epistolary practice. Reading the correspondence against the foil of Rivet’s treatise brings to the fore a number of characteristics of his ideal prince: the intimate educational nexus between tutor, parents, and pupil; the way in which the prince is taught to navigate the interrelated spheres of self, household, and society; and finally, the ways in which the dichotomy between public and private is at once dissolved and affirmed in the educational molding of an early modern prince.
Letting Yourself Be Skinned Alive: Jerónimo Gracián and the Globalization of Martyrdom
Authors: Cañeque Alejandro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article explores the close connection that existed between an increasingly globalized world and the revived ideal of martyrdom that characterized early modern Europe. This ideal energized Catholic societies, the Spanish Empire above all, in their impulse to convert the entire world to Christianity, in that way decisively expanding the geographical horizons of many of its inhabitants. The article focuses on the Spanish Discalced Carmelite Jerónimo Gracián, a close friend and ally of Teresa of Ávila. Despite being hardly known nowadays, he can be considered a prototypical figure of the period, because of the forceful and compelling ways in which he expressed the intersection of martyrdom and world evangelization.
Pectoral muscle transcriptome analyses reveal high-altitude adaptations in Tibetan chickens
Authors: Hu Yaodong , Su Jiayu , Cheng Liyuan , Lan Dan , Li Diyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The largest muscles in fowl are the pectorals, which provide the power required for birds to fly. Tibetan chickens show specific adaptations to high-altitude conditions, but changes in the muscle transcriptome associated with these adaptations have not been characterized yet. Therefore, in this study, we used next-generation sequencing technologies to generate eight libraries of mRNA sequences for four Tibetan chickens and four Beijing fatty chickens. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis was performed. In the eight samples, 12 333 annotated protein-coding genes were expressed. Among these, 48 differentially expressed genes were found; all of which were upregulated in Tibetan chickens. These differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in kidney morphogenesis, which indicates that hypoxia has an important effect on renal tubule development. Only nine genes were involved in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, such as the endocytosis pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the calcium signaling pathway and the TGF-beta signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study will be used to facilitate future research into the Tibetan chicken.
Models of Governance for Innovation in Medicine and Health Research
Authors: O’Sullivan Siobhán 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Personalised medicine, digital innovations, and neuro-technologies all offer significant potential benefit for human health and welfare, but also raise complex governance challenges. A variety of approaches have been adopted in the governance of innovative medicines and health technologies, including risk assessment, ethics and self-governance. Recently anticipatory or ‘upstream’ modes of governance have garnered favour. Anticipatory regulation demands a closer relationship between regulators and innovators, to shape the trajectories of the technology. In the EU context, responsible research and innovation has emerged as a key mechanism of governance. This is linked but distinct from a human rights governance which has the advantage of exerting both legal and moral force. What is needed in the healthcare context are governance models which ensure human rights considerations are taken into account from the earliest stages of innovation, to maximise the likelihood that developments are from the outset beneficial and oriented towards protecting ethical values.
Meanings and Understandings in the History of Ideas
Authors: Blau Adrian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a framework of four types of meaning and understanding in the history of political thought and intellectual history. Previous frameworks have overlooked a whole type of meaning – the type often prioritised by political theorists and philosophers. I call this “extended meaning.” Correcting a wrong turn in philosophy of language in the 1950s, I show how extended meaning has robust intellectual foundations, and I illustrate its value for textual interpreters. Even historians often need extended meaning, for example to help resolve ambiguous passages. So, the main types of meaning are not alternatives: scholars interested in one kind of meaning still need others. This paper thus celebrates both diversity and unity.
A taxonomic study of Cucujus Fabricius, 1775 from Asia (Coleoptera: Cucujidae), with descriptions of new species and notes on morphological classification
Authors: Hsiao Yun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cucujus Fabricius is widely distributed throughout the Holarctic region. In this study, the taxonomy of Asian Cucujus is investigated and diagnostic characters are discussed. Six species-groups are recognized based on external features, terminalia and genitalia of both sexes. Six new species are described: C. chuensis sp. nov. (China), C. euphoria sp. nov. (China), C. evangelium sp. nov. (China), C. kachin sp. nov. (Myanmar), C. shennong sp. nov. (China) and C. tibetensis sp. nov. (China and Nepal). Several described species are redescribed, including C. bicolor Smith, C. cinnaberinus (Scopoli), C. clavipes clavipes (Fabricius), C. clavipes puniceus Mannerheim, C. coccinatus Lewis, C. grouvellei Reitter, C. haematodes haematodes Erichson, C. haematodes opacus Lewis, C. janatai Háva, Zahradník & Růžika, C. kempi Grouvelle, C. mniszechi Grouvelle and C. nigripennis Lee & Satô. A neotype for C. kempi is designated. A key to the Asian Cucujus species is provided. Several new faunistic records are reported.
Transcriptome analysis reveals a molecular understanding of nicotinamide and butyrate sodium on meat quality of broilers under high stocking density
Authors: Wu Yuqin , Wang Youli , Yin Dafei , Mahmood Tahir , Yuan Jianmin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent years, increased attention has been focused on breast muscle yield and meat quality in poultry production. Supplementation with nicotinamide and butyrate sodium can improve the meat quality of broilers. However, the potential molecular mechanism is not clear yet. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with a combination of nicotinamide and butyrate sodium on breast muscle transcriptome of broilers under high stocking density. A total of 300 21-d-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into 3 groups based on stocking density: low stocking density control group (L; 14 birds/m2), high stocking density control group (H; 18 birds/m2), and high stocking density group provided with a combination of 50 mg/kg nicotinamide and 500 mg/kg butyrate sodium (COMB; 18 birds/m2), raised to 42 days of age.

Results
The H group significantly increased cooking losses, pH decline and activity of lactate dehydrogenase in breast muscle when compared with the L group. COMB showed a significant decrease in these indices by comparison with the H group (P < 0.05). The transcriptome results showed that key genes involved in glycolysis, proteolysis and immune stress were up-regulated whereas those relating to muscle development, cell adhesion, cell matrix and collagen were down-regulated in the H group as compared to the L group. In contrast, genes related to muscle development, hyaluronic acid, mitochondrial function, and redox pathways were up-regulated while those associated with inflammatory response, acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and glycolysis pathway were down-regulated in the COMB group when compared with the H group.

Conclusions
The combination of nicotinamide and butyrate sodium may improve muscle quality by enhancing mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity, inhibiting inflammatory response and glycolysis, and promoting muscle development and hyaluronic acid synthesis.
A case report of fulminant endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae in a patient with traumatic corneal laceration
Authors: Lee Yong Woo , Koh Kyung Min , Hwang Kyu Yeon , Kwon Young A. , Lee Dong Won , Song Sang Wroul , Kim Byoung Yeop , Kim Kook Young 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
To report a case of enucleation caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae endophthalmitis after traumatic corneal laceration.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man with history of retinal detachment treated with vitrectomy and subsequent cataract surgery presented with traumatic corneal laceration while cutting grass. Appropriate repair of corneal laceration and intravitreal antibiotics (vancomycin, ceftazidime) injection was performed. S. dysgalactiae which was sensitive to the conventional antibiotics (Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, etc.) detected by aqueous culture. One day following primary closure, the patient developed a complete hypopyon and vitreous membranes. Despite vigorous systemic and intravitreal antibiotics administration with vitrectomy, endophthalmitis was not controlled and patient’s ocular pain was increased. The vitreous culture was also positive for S. dysgalactiae. Finally, total enucleation was performed 9 days after trauma due to fulminant endophthalmitis with severe scleritis.

Conclusion
Progression of traumatic endophthalmitis associated with S. dysgalactiae can be fulminant. Sufficient warning to patient about enucleation and intensive care is needed in the case of this infection.
Individual and joint contributions of genetic and methylation risk scores for enhancing lung cancer risk stratification: data from a population-based cohort in Germany
Authors: Yu Haixin , Raut Janhavi R. , Schöttker Ben , Holleczek Bernd , Zhang Yan , Brenner Hermann 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Risk stratification for lung cancer (LC) screening is so far mostly based on smoking history. This study aimed to assess if and to what extent such risk stratification could be enhanced by additional consideration of genetic risk scores (GRSs) and epigenetic risk scores defined by DNA methylation.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study of 143 incident LC cases and 1460 LC-free controls within a prospective cohort of 9949 participants aged 50–75 years with 14-year follow-up. Lifetime smoking history was obtained in detail at recruitment. We built a GRS based on 31 previously identified LC-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a DNA methylation score (MRS) based on methylation of 151 previously identified smoking-associated cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) loci. We evaluated associations of GRS and MRS with LC incidence by logistic regression models, controlling for age, sex, smoking status, and pack-years. We compared the predictive performance of models based on pack-years alone with models additionally including GRS and/or MRS using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results
GRS and MRS showed moderate and strong associations with LC risk even after comprehensive adjustment for smoking history (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] comparing highest with lowest quartile 1.93 [1.05–3.71] and 5.64 [2.13–17.03], respectively). Similar associations were also observed within the risk groups of ever and heavy smokers. Addition of GRS and MRS furthermore strongly enhanced LC prediction beyond prediction by pack-years (increase of optimism-corrected AUC among heavy smokers from 0.605 to 0.654, NRI 26.7%, p = 0.0106, IDI 3.35%, p = 0.0036), the increase being mostly attributable to the inclusion of MRS.

Conclusions
Consideration of MRS, by itself or in combination with GRS, may strongly enhance LC risk stratification.