bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver accommodation in adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder and anorexia nervosa: Relationships with distress, eating disorder psychopathology, and symptom change
Authors: Wagner Allison F. , Zickgraf Hana F. , Lane‐Loney Susan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe role of family and caregiver accommodation is a well‐defined maintenance factor for anxiety disorders and OCD. Family accommodation for patients with eating disorders is beginning to be described and characterized, but gaps in the literature remain. The current project compares levels of accommodation in families of those with anorexia nervosa (AN) to those with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). It additionally establishes whether accommodation changes over the course of treatment and the extent to which these changes are related to changes in eating disorder pathology.MethodsA total of 39 adolescents with ARFID and 59 with AN presenting to a partial hospitalization program were included, with measures completed at intake and discharge.ResultsCaregivers of adolescents with AN and those with ARFID reported similar levels of accommodation, with the exception of the Reassurance Seeking subscale of the Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders (AESED). Additionally, accommodation decreased significantly from intake to discharge for both patient groups. Intake AESED scores were also significantly related to caregiver distress, and changes in AESED scores were related to decreases in relevant eating disorder psychopathology for both groups.ConclusionsThe results of the current study highlight the importance of considering family accommodation for ARFID patients and point to the need for future research to capture changes in accommodation over the course of treatment in relation to the delivery of evidence‐based interventions and subsequent changes in ED symptoms.
Set‐based genetic association and interaction tests for survival outcomes based on weighted V statistics
Authors: Li Chenxi , Wu Di , Lu Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith advancements in high‐throughout technologies, studies have been conducted to investigate the role of massive genetic variants in human diseases. While set‐based tests have been developed for binary and continuous disease outcomes, there are few computationally efficient set‐based tests available for time‐to‐event outcomes. To facilitate the genetic association and interaction analyses of time‐to‐event outcomes, We develop a suite of multivariant tests based on weighted V statistics with or without considering potential genetic heterogeneity. In addition to the computation efficiency and nice asymptotic properties, all the new tests can deal with left truncation and competing risks in the survival data, and adjust for covariates. Simulation studies show that the new tests run faster, are more accurate in small samples, and account for confounding effect better than the existing multivariant survival tests. When the genetic effect is heterogeneous across individuals/subpopulations, the association test considering genetic heterogeneity is more powerful than the existing tests that do not account for genetic heterogeneity. Using the new methods, we perform a genome‐wide association analysis of the genotype and age‐to‐Alzheimer's data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study. The analysis identifies two genes, APOE and APOC1, associated with age to Alzheimer's disease onset.
locStra: Fast analysis of regional/global stratification in whole‐genome sequencing studies
Authors: Hahn Georg , Lutz Sharon M. , Hecker Julian , Prokopenko Dmitry , Cho Michael H. , Silverman Edwin K. , Weiss Scott T. , Lange Christoph ,   The NHLBI Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium
Published: September 2020

AbstractlocStra is an ‐package for the analysis of regional and global population stratification in whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) studies, where regional stratification refers to the substructure defined by the loci in a particular region on the genome. Population substructure can be assessed based on the genetic covariance matrix, the genomic relationship matrix, and the unweighted/weighted genetic Jaccard similarity matrix. Using a sliding window approach, the regional similarity matrices are compared with the global ones, based on user‐defined window sizes and metrics, for example, the correlation between regional and global eigenvectors. An algorithm for the specification of the window size is provided. As the implementation fully exploits sparse matrix algebra and is written in C++, the analysis is highly efficient. Even on single cores, for realistic study sizes (several thousand subjects, several million rare variants per subject), the runtime for the genome‐wide computation of all regional similarity matrices does typically not exceed one hour, enabling an unprecedented investigation of regional stratification across the entire genome. The package is applied to three WGS studies, illustrating the varying patterns of regional substructure across the genome and its beneficial effects on association testing.
Why are pharmacy acquisition costs and consumer prescription drug price indices apparently diverging?
Authors: Wolff Carolyn , Lutter Randall 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPharmacy acquisition costs for prescription (Rx) drugs have been trending below levels implied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Consumer Price Index for Rx drugs, with the divergence higher when generic approvals are high. Dropping the first 6 months of generic sales from price indices calculated from pharmacy acquisition costs eliminates most of the difference between such indices and BLS indices.
HepatoScore‐14: Measures of Biological Heterogeneity Significantly Improve Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk
Authors: Morris Jeffrey S. , Hassan Manal M. , Zohner Ye Emma , Wang Zeya , Xiao Lianchun , Rashid Asif , Haque Abedul , Abdel‐Wahab Reham , Mohamed Yehia I. , Ballard Karri L. , Wolff Robert A. , George Bhawana , Li Liang , Allen Genevera , Weylandt Michael , Li Donghui , Wang Wenyi , Raghav Kanwal , Yao James , Amin Hesham M. , Kaseb Ahmed Omar 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
Therapeutic, clinical trial entry and stratification decisions for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are made based on prognostic assessments, using clinical staging systems based on small numbers of empirically selected variables that insufficiently account for differences in biological characteristics of individual patients’ disease.

Approach and Results
We propose an approach for constructing risk scores from circulating biomarkers that produce a global biological characterization of individual patient’s disease. Plasma samples were collected prospectively from 767 patients with HCC and 200 controls, and 317 proteins were quantified in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified biomarker testing laboratory. We constructed a circulating biomarker aberration score for each patient, a score between 0 and 1 that measures the degree of aberration of his or her biomarker panel relative to normal, which we call HepatoScore. We used log‐rank tests to assess its ability to substratify patients within existing staging systems/prognostic factors. To enhance clinical application, we constructed a single‐sample score, HepatoScore‐14, which requires only a subset of 14 representative proteins encompassing the global biological effects. Patients with HCC were split into three distinct groups (low, medium, and high HepatoScore) with vastly different prognoses (medial overall survival 38.2/18.3/7.1 months; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, HepatoScore accurately substratified patients within levels of existing prognostic factors and staging systems (P < 0.0001 for nearly all), providing substantial and sometimes dramatic refinement of expected patient outcomes with strong therapeutic implications. These results were recapitulated by HepatoScore‐14, rigorously validated in repeated training/test splits, concordant across Myriad RBM (Austin, TX) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits, and established as an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusions
HepatoScore‐14 augments existing HCC staging systems, dramatically refining patient prognostic assessments and therapeutic decision making and enrollment in clinical trials. The underlying strategy provides a global biological characterization of disease, and can be applied broadly to other disease settings and biological media.
Developmental onset of enduring long‐term potentiation in mouse hippocampus
Authors: Ostrovskaya Olga I. , Cao Guan , Eroglu Cagla , Harris Kristen M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalysis of long‐term potentiation (LTP) provides a powerful window into cellular mechanisms of learning and memory. Prior work shows late LTP (L‐LTP), lasting >3 hr, occurs abruptly at postnatal day 12 (P12) in the stratum radiatum of rat hippocampal area CA1. The goal here was to determine the developmental profile of synaptic plasticity leading to L‐LTP in the mouse hippocampus. Two mouse strains and two mutations known to affect synaptic plasticity were chosen: C57BL/6J and Fmr1−/y on the C57BL/6J background, and 129SVE and Hevin−/− (Sparcl1−/−) on the 129SVE background. Like rats, hippocampal slices from all of the mice showed test pulse‐induced depression early during development that was gradually resolved with maturation by 5 weeks. All the mouse strains showed a gradual progression between P10‐P35 in the expression of short‐term potentiation (STP), lasting ≤1 hr. In the 129SVE mice, L‐LTP onset (>25% of slices) occurred by 3 weeks, reliable L‐LTP (>50% slices) was achieved by 4 weeks, and Hevin−/− advanced this profile by 1 week. In the C57BL/6J mice, L‐LTP onset occurred significantly later, over 3–4 weeks, and reliability was not achieved until 5 weeks. Although some of the Fmr1−/y mice showed L‐LTP before 3 weeks, reliable L‐LTP also was not achieved until 5 weeks. L‐LTP onset was not advanced in any of the mouse genotypes by multiple bouts of theta‐burst stimulation at 90 or 180 min intervals. These findings show important species differences in the onset of STP and L‐LTP, which occur at the same age in rats but are sequentially acquired in mice.
Mutation analysis of TCOF1 gene in Chinese Treacher Collins syndrome patients
Authors: Zhang Chuan , An Lisha , Xue Huiqin , Hao Shengju , Yan Yousheng , Zhang Qinghua , Jin Xiaohua , Li Qian , Zhou Bingbo , Feng Xuan , Ma Panpan , Wang Xing , Chen Xue , Chen Cuixia , Cao Zongfu , Ma Xu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare autosomal dominant or recessive disorder, that involves unique bilateral craniofacial malformations. The phenotypes of TCS are extremely diverse. Interventional surgery can improve hearing loss and facial deformity in TCS patients.MethodWe recruited seven TCS families. Variant screening in probands was performed by targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS). The variants identified were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of all the mutations was evaluated using the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and InterVar software.ResultsThree frameshift variants, two nonsense variants, one missense variant, and one splicing variant of TCOF1 were identified in the seven TCS probands. Five variants including c.1393C > T, c.4111 + 5G>C, c.1142delC, c.2285_2286delCT, and c.1719delG had not been previously reported. Furthermore, we report the c.149A > G variant for the first time in a Chinese TCS patient. We provided prenatal diagnosis for family 4. Proband 7 chose interventional surgery.ConclusionWe identified five novel variants in TCOF1 in Chinese patients with TCS, which expands the mutation spectrum of TCOF1 in TCS. Bone conduction hearing rehabilitation can improve hearing for TCS patients and prenatal diagnosis can provide fertility guidance for TCS families.
A resilient research approach: Using community‐based participatory action research in a rural area of India
Authors: Shadowen Noel L. , Guerra Nancy G. , Beveridge Ryan , McCoy Elizabeth K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis community‐based participatory action research (CBPAR) study describes a method for evaluating an after‐school resilience‐focused intervention in a low‐resource rural area of southern India. Communities Rising, a locally developed resilience and academic program, was evaluated in a cross‐continent collaboration between a research team at a U.S. university and the local community. The CBPAR literature highlights the importance of cultural considerations, community considerations, and community participation in the research process. The present case study describes the CBPAR research process and considerations at every phase of the research project, providing a road map of how community engagement can strengthen research, empower the community, and provide valuable knowledge. This study was conducted in three phases that focused on inclusion of local voices in the development both of the resilience program and the evaluation data collection process. Youth surveyors were particularly key to the research process. Data on participant demographics, satisfaction with the program, and qualitative contributions are also provided. Strengths and limitations of this study process in a rural community are discussed.
Transvaginal ultrasound‐guided direct thrombin injection for the treatment of intramyometrial pseudoaneurysm in a young female with uterine hemorrhage after failed uterine artery embolization
Authors: Shetty Gurucharan S. , Kamath Gayathri D. , Srinivasan Pradeep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUterine artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon but important cause of severe uterine bleeding in the postpartum or postsurgical setting. The standard treatment options are endovascular uterine artery embolization and bilateral surgical internal iliac artery ligation for uterus conservation or hysterectomy. We report the case of a young female with hemorrhage from an intramyometrial pseudoaneurysm following repeated curettage and hysteroscopic excision of retained products of conception. Uterus preservation was of priority, and the patient underwent uterine artery embolization; however, the pseudoaneurysm persisted due to ovarian artery collaterals. The pseudoaneurysm was subsequently treated with transvaginal ultrasound‐guided direct thrombin injection. The case highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment options in such clinically challenging cases emphasizing the seldom employed direct injection of thrombin for the treatment of pseudoaneurysms.
Thermal adaptation revisited: How conserved are thermal traits of reptiles and amphibians?
Authors: Bodensteiner Brooke L. , Agudelo‐Cantero Gustavo A. , Arietta A. Z. Andis , Gunderson Alex R. , Muñoz Martha M. , Refsnider Jeanine M. , Gangloff Eric J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEctothermic animals, such as amphibians and reptiles, are particularly sensitive to rapidly warming global temperatures. One response in these organisms may be to evolve aspects of their thermal physiology. If this response is adaptive and can occur on the appropriate time scale, it may facilitate population or species persistence in the changed environments. However, thermal physiological traits have classically been thought to evolve too slowly to keep pace with environmental change in longer‐lived vertebrates. Even as empirical work of the mid‐20th century offers mixed support for conservatism in thermal physiological traits, the generalization of low evolutionary potential in thermal traits is commonly invoked. Here, we revisit this hypothesis to better understand the mechanisms guiding the timing and patterns of physiological evolution. Characterizing the potential interactions among evolution, plasticity, behavior, and ontogenetic shifts in thermal physiology is critical for accurate prediction of how organisms will respond to our rapidly warming world. Recent work provides evidence that thermal physiological traits are not as evolutionarily rigid as once believed, with many examples of divergence in several aspects of thermal physiology at multiple phylogenetic scales. However, slow rates of evolution are often still observed, particularly at the warm end of the thermal performance curve. Furthermore, the context‐specificity of many responses makes broad generalizations about the potential evolvability of traits tenuous. We outline potential factors and considerations that require closer scrutiny to understand and predict reptile and amphibian evolutionary responses to climate change, particularly regarding the underlying genetic architecture facilitating or limiting thermal evolution.
Growth and decline of the COVID‐19 epidemic wave in Italy from March to June 2020
Authors: De Flora Silvio , La Maestra Sebastiano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMarch 21, 2020 was the ridgeline between the growth of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic wave in Italy and the start of its decline. We analyzed the epidemic patterns from March 1 to June 30. There was a progressive drop of cases from March (104,710) to April (94,888), May (25,705) and June (8110). Likewise, after a slight increase of deaths in April (14,804) compared to March (12,396), a considerable decline occurred in May (5170) and June (1464). Doubling times of cumulative cases grew from 2 to 6 days until March 20 to 2 weeks up to April 5, and thereafter no further doubling occurred until June 30. There was a striking North–South gradient of both cases and deaths. At the end of June, the nine Northern Italian regions or provinces, five central regions, and seven southern regions had contributed to the 81.1%, 12.4%, and 6.5% of the 240,578 national cases, respectively. Lombardy, the most populous region, was by far the most heavily affected one, accounting for the 39.0% of the national cases occurring over the analyzed 4‐month period. However, in relative terms, it was preceded by Aosta Valley, the least populous region, less than 1% of the population of both regions having been affected by cases of COVID‐19. The curves showing the ratio of daily cumulative cases and deaths to those of the previous day tended to flatten with time by approaching the zero growth but without reaching it, which documents a persisting circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the Italian territory.
Apoptosis and immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes in Iranian COVID‐19 patients: Clinical and laboratory characteristics
Authors: Taghiloo Saeid , Aliyali Masoud , Abedi Siavash , Mehravaran Hossein , Sharifpour Ali , Zaboli Ehsan , Eslami‐Jouybari Mohammad , Ghasemian Roya , Vahedi‐Larijani Laleh , Hossein‐Nattaj Hadi , Amjadi Omolbanin , Rezazadeh Hadiseh , Ajami Abolghasem , Asgarian‐Omran Hossein 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA novel member of human coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has been recently recognized in China and rapidly spread worldwide. Studies showed the decreasing of peripheral blood lymphocytes in a majority of patients. In this study, we have reported the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, the frequency of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and their apoptosis pattern in Iranian coronavirus infectious disease (COVID‐19) patients. Demographic and clinical data of 61 hospitalized confirmed cases with COVID‐19 at Imam Khomeini Hospital were collected and analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from all samples and the apoptosis pattern was evaluated using Annexin V/propidium iodide method. The frequency of lymphocyte subsets, including T‐CD4+, T‐CD8+, NK, B cells, and monocytes, was measured in all patients and 31 controls by flow cytometry. Our findings demonstrated that the percentage of lymphocytes, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were decreased in COVID‐19 patients compared with the control group. Regarding the clinical severity, the number of lymphocytes, CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells were also decreased in severe cases when compared with mild cases. Finally, our data have also indicated the increase in apoptosis of mononuclear cells from COVID‐19 patients which was more remarkable in severe clinical cases. The frequency of immune cells is a useful indicator for prediction of severity and prognosis of COVID‐19 patients. These results could help to explain the immunopathogenesis of SARS‐CoV‐2 and introducing novel biomarkers, therapeutic strategies, and vaccine candidates.
Starch nanofibers as vehicles for folic acid supplementation: thermal treatment, UVA irradiation and in vitro simulation of digestion
Authors: Fonseca Laura M , Crizel Rosane L , da Silva Francine T , Fontes Milena RV , da Rosa Zavareze Elessandra , Dias Alvaro RG 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe supplementation of folic acid in food is essential in the human diet. The present study aimed to encapsulate folic acid at different concentrations (5, 10 and 15% (w/w) on a dry basis) in potato starch nanofibers produced through electrospinning. The starch/folic acid nanofibers were evaluated through morphology, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, thermal properties, encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro simulation of the human digestion. The nanofibers were also evaluated based on the folic acid content after thermal treatment (100 and 180 °C) and UVA irradiation (1 and 24 h).RESULTSFolic acid incorporation influenced the morphology of the nanofibers to display a homogeneous and beadless morphology for nanofibers containing 15% folic acid compared with the other nanofibers (0, 5 and 10% folic acid). The mean diameter varied from 75 to 81 nm. Folic acid characteristic bands and peaks were not found in the nanofiber FTIR spectra and thermograms, respectively. The EE was 73, 87 and 95% for nanofibers with 5, 10 and 15% folic acid, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe starch nanofibers protected folic acid from high temperature and UVA irradiation and during in vitro digestion, showing a release of the vitamin at the end of the simulation (intestinal conditions). The supplementation of folic acid in foods can be effectively achieved by its encapsulation into starch nanofibers, to ensure its protection and controlled release. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Management of the positive sentinel lymph node in the post‐MSLT‐II era
Authors: Bredbeck Brooke C. , Mubarak Eman , Zubieta Daniela G. , Tesorero Rachael , Holmes Adam R. , Dossett Lesly A. , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Durham Alison B. , Hughes Tasha M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe publication of MSLT‐II shifted recommendations for management of sentinel lymph node biopsy positive (SLNB+) melanoma to favor active surveillance. We examined trends in immediate completion lymph node dissection (CLND) following publication of MSLT‐II.MethodsUsing a prospective melanoma database at a high‐volume center, we identified a cohort of consecutive SLNB+ patients from July 2016 to April 2019. Patient and disease characteristics were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression to examine factors associated with CLND.ResultsTwo hundred and thirty‐five patients were included for analysis. CLND rates were 67%, 33%, and 26% for the year before, year after, and second‐year following MSLT‐II. Factors associated with undergoing CLND included primary located in the head and neck (59% vs 33%, P = .003 and odds ratio [OR], 5.22, P = .002) and higher sentinel node tumor burden (43% vs 10% for tumor burden ≥0.1 mm, P < .001 and OR, 8.64, P = .002).ConclusionsRates of CLND in SLNB+ melanoma decreased dramatically, albeit not uniformly, following MSLT‐II. Factors that increased the likelihood of immediate CLND were primary tumor located in the head and neck and high sentinel node tumor burden. These groups were underrepresented in MSLT‐II, suggesting that clinicians are wary of implementing active surveillance recommendations for patients perceived as higher risk.