bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurofibromatosis type I gene promotes autophagy via mTORC1 signalling pathway to enhance new bone formation after fracture
Authors: Tan Qian , Wu Jiang‐Yan , Liu Yao‐Xi , Liu Kun , Tang Jin , Ye Wei‐Hua , Zhu Guang‐Hui , Mei Hai‐Bo , Yang Ge 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBone fracture is one of the most common injuries. Despite the high regenerative capacity of bones, failure of healing still occurs to near 10% of the patients. Herein, we aim to investigate the modulatory role of neurofibromatosis type I gene (NF1) to osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and new bone formation after fracture in a rat model. We studied the NF1 gene expression in normal and non‐union bone fracture models. Then, we evaluated how NF1 overexpression modulated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, autophagy activity, mTORC1 signalling and osteoclastic bone resorption by qRT‐PCR, Western blot and immunostaining assays. Finally, we injected lentivirus‐NF1 (Lv‐NF1) to rat non‐union bone fracture model and analysed the bone formation process. The NF1 gene expression was significantly down‐regulated in non‐union bone fracture group, indicating NF1 is critical in bone healing process. In the NF1 overexpressing BMSCs, autophagy activity and osteogenic differentiation were significantly enhanced. Meanwhile, the NF1 overexpression inhibited mTORC1 signalling and osteoclastic bone resorption. In rat non‐union bone fracture model, the NF1 overexpression significantly promoted bone formation during fracture healing. In summary, we proved the NF1 gene is critical in non‐union bone healing, and NF1 overexpression promoted new bone formation after fracture by enhancing autophagy and inhibiting mTORC1 signalling. Our results may provide a novel therapeutic clue of promoting bone fracture healing.
A tool to predict progression of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese patients
Authors: Bauvin Pierre , Delacôte Claire , Lassailly Guillaume , Ntandja Wandji Line Carolle , Gnemmi Viviane , Dautrecque Flavien , Louvet Alexandre , Caiazzo Robert , Raverdy Violeta , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Pattou François , Deuffic‐Burban Sylvie , Mathurin Philippe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsSeverely obese patients are a growing population at risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Considering the increasing burden, a predictive tool of NAFLD progression would be of interest. Our objective was to provide a tool allowing general practitioners to identify and refer the patients most at risk, and specialists to estimate disease progression and adapt the therapeutic strategy.MethodsThis predictive tool is based on a Markov model simulating steatosis, fibrosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) evolution. This model was developped from data of 1801 severely obese, bariatric surgery candidates, with histological assessment, integrating duration of exposure to risk factors. It is then able to predict current disease severity in the absence of assessment, and future cirrhosis risk based on current stage.ResultsThe model quantifies the impact of sex, body‐mass index at 20, diabetes, age of overweight onset, on progression. For example, for 40‐year‐old severely obese patients seen by the general practitioners: (a) non‐diabetic woman overweight at 20, and (b) diabetic man overweight at 10, without disease assessment, the model predicts their current risk to have NASH or F3‐F4: for (a) 5.7% and 0.6%, for (b) 16.1% and 10.0% respectively. If those patients have been diagnosed F2 by the specialist, the model predicts the 5‐year cirrhosis risk: 1.8% in the absence of NASH and 6.0% in its presence for (a), 10.3% and 26.7% respectively, for (b).ConclusionsThis model provides a decision‐making tool to predict the risk of liver disease that could help manage severely obese patients.
The technological challenges of reformulating with different dietary fibres
Authors: Bingley C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a need to increase fibre consumption in the general population as intake is generally below recommendations. This has resulted in an increasing number of fibre‐containing products being developed by food manufacturers. In addition, fibres are widely used by the food industry for their functional properties such as texturisers and stabilisers or as bulking agents for replacement of sugar. This paper discusses the types of fibre ingredients available for use and the factors to consider when formulating with fibres, as well as the criteria for making nutrition claims for fibre content and authorised health claims for fibres.
Bias and interpersonal skepticism
Authors: Pasnau Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent philosophy has paid considerable attention to the way our biases are liable to encroach upon our cognitive lives, diminishing our capacity to know and unjustly denigrating the knowledge of others. The extent of the bias, and the range of domains to which it applies, has struck some as so great as to license talk of a new form of skepticism. I argue that these depressing consequences are real and, in some ways, even more intractable than has previously been recognized. For the difficulties we face in this domain are fueled not only by implicit biases but by various other sorts of entrenched cognitive attitudes we bear toward others, whether or not we judge them to be our peers. Inasmuch as the epistemic standing of this broader set of attitudes is itself quite dubious, the problem of epistemic injustice turns out to be just one special case—albeit of a particularly nasty kind—from a broader domain of cases where the collaborative character of knowledge clashes with tendencies that make collaboration difficult. This makes the threat of skepticism all the greater, and at the same time makes it harder to see what path of escape there might be.
R2R3‐MYB genes control petal pigmentation patterning in Clarkia gracilis ssp. sonomensis (Onagraceae)
Authors: Lin Rong‐Chien , Rausher Mark D. 
Published: September 2020

Summary

Petal pigmentation patterning is widespread in flowering plants. The genetics of these pattern elements has been of great interest for understanding the evolution of phenotypic diversification. Here, we investigate the genetic changes responsible for the evolution of an unpigmented petal element on a colored background.

We used transcriptome analysis, gene expression assays, cosegregation in F2 plants and functional tests to identify the gene(s) involved in petal coloration in Clarkia gracilis ssp. sonomensis.

We identified an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (CgsMYB12) responsible for anthocyanin pigmentation of the basal region (‘cup’) in the petal of C. gracilis ssp. sonomensis. A functional mutation in CgsMYB12 creates a white cup on a pink petal background. Additionally, we found that two R2R3‐MYB genes (CgsMYB6 and CgsMYB11) are also involved in petal background pigmentation. Each of these three R2R3‐MYB genes exhibits a different spatiotemporal expression pattern. The functionality of these R2R3‐MYB genes was confirmed through stable transformation of Arabidopsis.

Distinct spatial patterns of R2R3‐MYB expression have created the possibility that pigmentation in different sections of the petal can evolve independently. This finding suggests that recent gene duplication has been central to the evolution of petal pigmentation patterning in C. gracilis ssp. sonomensis.
A snapshot of reproductive and sexual health and rights of women living with HIV in Asia
Authors: Yuvaraj Anandi , Kundu Paramita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveA brief review of status of sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Asia with a focus on their access to related services.Subject(s) and methodsThe content has primarily emerged from several meetings, workshops and research studies that regional networks of women living with HIV have conducted in the region. We used published and unpublished literature in English after the year 2000.ResultsWe found many hindrances to realization of sexual and reproductive rights by HIV‐positive women and their access to related health services. Rampant stigma and discrimination by service providers take the form of denial of contraceptive and maternal health services, forced sterilization, breach of confidentiality and disclosure of status to others without the consent of the woman. Families blaming women for bringing HIV and male partners objecting to using condoms affect the well‐being of HIV‐positive women. Sexual rights specifically aspects of positive sexuality such as sexual pleasure have not received attention.ConclusionFindings suggest the need to enhance capacities of HIV‐positive women's organizations to meaningfully participate in decisions on positive women's sexual, reproductive health and rights and sensitize service providers to adequately address HIV‐positive women's concerns.
Neuropathy complication of antiretroviral therapy in HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Winias Saka , Radithia Desiana , Savitri Ernawati Diah 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesSignificant pain from HIV‐associated sensory neuropathy (HIV‐SN) affects 40% of HIV‐infected individuals treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The most salient symptom of the neuropathy is pain, which frequently is moderate‐to‐severe intensity, associated with reduced activities and physical function, sleep disruption, increased severity of depression, and anxiety. Yet, evidence for managing painful HIV‐SN is poor. The purpose of this study was to verify by scientific evidence the neuropathy complication in HIV/AIDS patients to develop effective pain management strategies.MethodsDesign: Systematic review. Data sources: PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, www.controlled-trials.com. Selection criteria: the filter “English” was used, timeframed searched was 2009–2019, randomized controlled trials (RCT). Keywords were verified in MeSH “Peripheral Nervous System Disease” and “Antiretroviral Agents” or “Antiretroviral therapy.” Review method: the PRISMA flowchart was used.ResultA systematic search following PRISMA guidelines was carried out, and 12 specific articles/studies on the subject were selected. The results revealed that HIV therapy, aging, body mass index, height, and systemic conditions influence neuropathy conditions in HIV/AIDS patients. The multistudies focused on pain management approaches such as administration of pain medication, drug combination to prevent side effects, or ART with minimal side effects.ConclusionSensory neuropathy is a frequent complication of HIV infection and ART. An understanding of the mechanism and pathophysiology of neuropathy in HIV is urgently required to develop alternative treatment modalities and to evaluate preventive strategies.
HIV screening in dental settings: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action
Authors: Riddle Melissa Wiseman 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHIV is responsible for tremendous suffering and loss around the world, but many advances in HIV screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention provide hope for an end to the HIV epidemic. Global and national campaigns facilitate access to these HIV advances, but some individuals and communities still lack access, particularly in developing countries. To reach those who remain under‐served, campaigns encourage greater integration of HIV services with non‐HIV services. As members of the healthcare team with a clinical stake in HIV, dental care providers have a unique contribution to make. Much research on the role of dental care providers in HIV has focused on HIV screening in the dental setting, and researchers have identified possible ways forward but also daunting challenges. Approaches for screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment used in primary care and dental care settings for other health risks may help overcome challenges related to provider scope of practice and need for training. Approaches to managing distress and uncertainty in other clinical contexts may help overcome challenges related to patient acceptability, equipping providers to manage sensitive topics and emotional aspects of HIV screening. While not panaceas, these approaches may be useful to dental care providers interested in answering the global “call to action” for contributing to ending the HIV epidemic.
The role of patient and public involvement in oral health and HIV/AIDS research, practice and policy
Authors: Sharma Mahendra Vaishali , Ranauta Amitha , Yuvraj Anandi , Santella Anthony J. , Taslim Aditia , Doughty Janine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPatient and public involvement (PPI) is a process whereby patients, caregivers, service users and other relevant stakeholders, including the general public, are actively involved and engaged in activities to develop research. The dental research agenda has traditionally been driven by clinicians, where patients and the public have participated in research as subjects; patient and public involvement can contribute to the research agenda including the design and conduct of research by providing unique perspectives gained through lived experience. This panel of the 8th World Workshop on Oral Health and Diseases in AIDS considered the role of people living with HIV (PLHIV) to contribute to oral health and HIV research and policy through a process of involvement and empowerment. The panel introduced the concepts of PPI, described the purpose of PPI, reflected upon the logistic and ethical considerations thereof and considered how PPI had been utilised effectively in HIV research and policy change. The audience discussion focused on ways in which PPI could more readily and consistently be encouraged within oral health research involving PLHIV.
Are we all exploiters?*
Authors: Ferguson Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that two single‐factor accounts of exploitation are inadequate and instead defends a two‐factor account. Purely distributive accounts of exploitation, which equate exploitation with unfair transaction, make exploitation pervasive and cannot deliver the intuition that exploiters are blameworthy. Recent, non‐distributive alternatives, which make unfairness unnecessary for exploitation, largely avoid these problems, but their arguments for the non‐necessity of unfairness are unconvincing. This paper defends a two factor account according to which A exploits B iff A gains unfairly from B and either A believes that the gains he receives in the transaction wrong B, or A is culpably unaware that the gains he receives in the transaction wrong B. This account avoids the problems of non‐distributive approaches and also delivers the intuition that exploiters are blameworthy.
Highly infested soils undermine the use of resistant olive rootstocks as a control method of verticillium wilt
Authors: Valverde Pedro , Trapero Carlos , Arquero Octavio , Serrano Nicolás , Barranco Diego , Muñoz Díez Concepción , López‐Escudero Francisco J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVerticillium wilt of olive (VWO) is probably the most devastating fungal disease for olive trees worldwide, and currently the main cultivars are susceptible or moderately susceptible to this disease. The evaluation of resistant cultivars as rootstocks to control the disease has scarcely been explored, and mainly in short‐term studies under controlled conditions, which usually do not correspond with field evaluations. The main objective of this study was to assess the responses to VWO of different scion × rootstock combinations of the olive cultivars Picual, Arbequina, Changlot Real, and Frantoio in a long‐term field experiment with a soil highly infested with the defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae. The results showed that grafting the susceptible cultivar Picual onto resistant rootstocks delayed the onset of the disease symptoms; however, after 4 years, it was observed that all combinations that contain Picual (a) were extensively colonized by V. dahliae; (b) developed severe symptoms of the disease; and (c) had plant mortality similar to Picual growing on its own roots. This result highlights the importance of long‐term field experiments to evaluate VWO and shows that grafting susceptible olive cultivars onto resistant ones does not provide a durable control of VWO under high inoculum potential, as V. dahliae is able to progress through the resistant rootstock and then extensively colonize and kill the susceptible scion. However, the high inoculum potential observed in this study does not allow us to consider the evaluated resistant cultivars as completely ineffective under lower inoculum densities.
Real Lax spectrum implies spectral stability
Authors: Upsal Jeremy , Deconinck Bernard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider the dynamical stability of periodic and quasiperiodic stationary solutions of integrable equations with 2 2 Lax pairs. We construct the eigenfunctions and hence the Floquet discriminant for such Lax pairs. The boundedness of the eigenfunctions determines the Lax spectrum. We use the squared eigenfunction connection between the Lax spectrum and the stability spectrum to show that the subset of the real line that gives rise to stable eigenvalues is contained in the Lax spectrum. For non‐self‐adjoint members of the AKNS hierarchy admitting a common reduction, the real line is always part of the Lax spectrum and it maps to stable eigenvalues of the stability problem. We demonstrate our methods work for a variety of examples, both in and not in the AKNS hierarchy.
IL‐16 processing in sentinel node regulatory T cells is a factor in bladder cancer immunity
Authors: Krantz David , Mints Michael , Winerdal Malin , Riklund Katrine , Rutishauser Dorothea , Zubarev Roman , Zirakhzadeh Amir Ali , Alamdari Farhood , Johansson Markus , Sherif Amir , Winqvist Ola 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the effort of developing new immunotherapies, the sentinel node (SN) has proven a promising source from which to harness an effective antitumour T cell response. However, tumour immune escape, a process in which regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role, remains a major limiting factor. Therefore, there is a clear need to increase the knowledge of Treg function and signalling in sentinel nodes. Here, we set out to explore whether the proteome in SN‐resident T cells is altered by the tumour and to identify key proteins in SN T cell signalling, focusing on Tregs. Five patients with muscle‐invasive urothelial bladder cancer were prospectively included. Mass spectrometry was performed on two patients, with validation and functional studies being performed on three additional patients and four healthy donors. At cystectomy, SN, non‐SN lymph nodes and peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients and T cell subsets isolated through flow cytometry before downstream experiments. Proteomic analysis indicated that growth and immune signalling pathways are upregulated in SN‐resident Tregs. Furthermore, centrality analysis identified the cytokine IL‐16 to be central in the SN‐Treg signalling network. We show that tumour‐released factors, through activating caspase‐3, increase Treg IL‐16 processing into bioactive forms, reinforcing Treg suppressive capacity. In conclusion, we provide evidence that Tregs exposed to secreted factors from bladder tumours show increased immune and growth signalling and altered IL‐16 processing which translates to enhanced Treg suppressive function, indicating altered IL‐16 signalling as a novel tumour immune escape mechanism.
Peer teaching: Students teaching students to increase academic performance
Authors: Rusli Megawati , Degeng Nyoman Sudana , Setyosari Punaji , Sulton  
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeer teaching among students has a powerful role in the learning process and has been studied and recognized as an effective teaching method. Research on peer teaching applied in different contexts has shown that learning through the process of teaching others increases students' academic performance. In Indonesia, some research on peer teaching has been conducted, but there has been no research on peer teaching in the context of theological studies. Hence, this empirical study aims to verify whether peer teaching is effective when applied in a theological school setting. In this study, students of a homiletics course were the research sample. Results show that peer teaching had a positive effect on students' academic performance. However, further research is recommended on the application of peer teaching in other subject areas to confirm the effectiveness of peer teaching in a theological school context.
Incidence and prevalence of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in parents of children hospitalized in intensive care units: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Barnes Shannon , Broom Margaret , Jordan Zoe 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to determine the incidence and prevalence of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in parents who have a child hospitalized in an intensive care unit.

Introduction:
Having a child admitted to an intensive care unit is known to be challenging and stressful for parents. This stress may lead to clinical stress disorders that may be improved through interventions. However, there is insufficient clarity around the incidence and prevalence of these disorders.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies of parents who have had a child admitted to a neonatal or pediatric intensive care unit and who have developed associated acute stress disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder related to their child's hospitalization.

Methods:
The proposed review will follow JBI methodology for systematic reviews of prevalence and incidence. A strategic search for eligible studies will include multiple database sources and unpublished literature. Studies will be assessed for inclusion by two independent reviewers based initially on study titles and abstracts, and subsequently on full text. Methodological quality will be assessed by two independent reviewers, with inclusion criteria focusing on sampling and statistical analysis. Data extraction will be completed, and data synthesis will pool data where possible.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO (CRD42020190875)