bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear behavior in preparative liquid chromatography: A method‐development case study for hydroxytyrosol purification
Authors: Xiao Ruting , Gao Die , Xie Wenjing , Fu Qifeng , Wang Lujun , Zhang Kailian , Zeng Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPreparative liquid chromatography has become an important purification method owing to its advantages of high separation efficiency, good reproducibility, and low solvent consumption. Because overloading in preparative liquid chromatography must be performed to increase the throughput in a cycle, nonlinear chromatographic behavior is observed. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully study nonlinear chromatography for the purification of a given product, which facilitates the efficient optimization of the purification parameters. In this work, a method for the development of a purification method using preparative liquid chromatography based on nonlinear chromatography is proposed. Hydroxytyrosol was selected as the subject for method demonstration. Using methanol and ethanol as organic modifiers, the optimum flow rate was determined on three commercial columns entitled C8TDE, C18ME, and C18TDE, respectively. The curves were fitted with the van Deemter equation, with thorough analysis of the A, B, and C terms. Adsorption isotherms were subsequently studied to explore the distribution of solutes between the stationary and mobile phases at equilibrium. C18TDE, 5 vol% ethanol–water, and 0.2 mL/min were selected as the optimal separation material, elution solvent, and flow rate, respectively. Purification of hydroxytyrosol was tentatively confirmed on a C18TDE column with 1.6% sample loading, 90.98% recovery, and 98.01% purity.
Real‐time assessment of potential peak local specific absorption rate value without phase monitoring: Trigonometric maximization method for worst‐case local specific absorption rate determination
Authors: Meliadò Ettore Flavio , Sbrizzi Alessandro , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Luijten Peter R. , Raaijmakers Alexander J. E. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeMulti‐transmit MRI systems are typically equipped with dedicated hardware to sample the reflected/lost power in the transmit channels. After extensive calibration, the amplitude and phase of the signal at the feed of each array element can be accurately determined. However, determining the phase is more difficult and monitoring errors can lead to a hazardous peak local specific absorption rate (pSAR10g) underestimation. For this purpose, methods were published for online maximum potential pSAR10g estimation without relying on phase monitoring, but these methods produce considerable overestimation. We present a trigonometric maximization method to determine the actual worst‐case pSAR10g without any overestimation.Theory and MethodThe proposed method takes advantage of the sinusoidal relation between the SAR10g in each voxel and the phases of input signals, to return the maximum achievable SAR10g in a few iterations. The method is applied to determine the worst‐case pSAR10g for three multi‐transmit array configurations at 7T: (1) body array with eight fractionated dipoles; (2) head array with eight fractionated dipoles; (3) head array with eight rectangular loops. The obtained worst‐case pSAR10g values are compared with the pSAR10g values determined with a commonly used method and with a more efficient method based on reference‐phases.ResultsFor each voxel, the maximum achievable SAR10g is determined in less than 0.1 ms. Compared to the reference‐phases‐based method, the proposed method reduces the mean overestimation of the actual pSAR10g up to 52%, while never underestimating the true pSAR10g.ConclusionThe proposed method can widely improve the performance of parallel transmission MRI systems without phase monitoring.
Cross‐cultural differences in intercultural mindreading: Evidence from a sample of Palestinian, Italian, and German adolescents
Authors: Hünefeldt Thomas , Hussein Ola , Olivetti Belardinelli Marta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDespite the fact that the “Reading the Mind in the Eyes” Test (RMET) is now available in more than 20 languages, there are only very few cross‐cultural researchers using this test, and these researchers generally focus on North American versus East Asian cultures. Considering that the RMET stimuli were selected and constructed in the United Kingdom, this research explored cross‐cultural differences in intercultural mindreading with a large sample of adolescents from Palestine (PAL), Italy (ITA), and Germany (GER). In addition to significant main effects of age (younger < older) and gender (male < female), we found a significant main effect of country (PAL < ITA < GER) and a significant interaction between gender and country. Individualism was not related to mindreading in any of the three countries whereas collectivism was positively related in PAL, but not in ITA or GER, accounting only for a very small amount of the variance. Our results suggest that (a) there may be cultural ingroup effects on mindreading, (b) the known female superiority in mindreading may be moderated by cultural factors, and (c) depending on cultural factors, individualism and collectivism may be differently related to mindreading.
Rotational molding of compatibilized PA6/LLDPE blends
Authors: López GonzalezNúñez Rosa Gabriela , Vázquez‐Fletes Roberto Carlos , Ortega‐Gudiño Pedro , Vázquez‐Lepe Milton Oswaldo , Rodrigue Denis , González‐Núñez Rubén 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, rotational molding was used to produce parts based on a blend of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polyamide 6 (PA6). In particular, the concentration of PA6 (0, 10, 20, and 30% vol) with and without a compatibilizer (Surlyn 9020) was investigated via two methods: dry blending in a high‐shear mixer and melt compounding in a twin‐screw extruder followed by pulverization. To determine the efficiency of the rotomolding process, similar parts were produced via compression molding. For rotational molding, dry ice (solid CO2) was used to create an inert atmosphere in the mold and the processing conditions were followed by the mold internal air temperature traces. From the samples produced, thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties were measured. The results showed that the rotomolded parts of the melt blended compounds generated smaller and better dispersed PA6 particles in the LLDPE matrix. This finer morphology led to improved mechanical properties, especially when the compatibilizer was present. But the latter was found to be more effective on the compression‐molded samples.
A twelve‐year neonatal and pediatric high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation transport experience
Authors: Piloquet Jean‐Eudes , Genuini Mathieu , Kessous Katia , Maury Isabelle , Rambaud Jérôme , Léger Pierre Louis , Lodé Noëlla 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the evolution over a 12‐year period of a pediatric intensive care unit transport team's (PICU‐TT) experience of pediatric and neonatal interhospital transportation on high‐frequency oscillation ventilation (HFOV).MethodsThis was a monocentric retrospective observational study from January 2006 to December 2017. All patients aged under 18 years old who were transported on HFOV by the Robert Debré Hospital PICU‐TT were included.ResultsOver a 12‐year period, 125 patients were transported on HFOV, including 107 newborns and 18 children. Median (range) age and weight were 9 days (1 h–9 years) and 3.3 (0.6–39) kg, respectively. Initial median oxygenation index, SpO2/FiO2 ratio and mean airway pressure were 32, 91, and 18 cmH2O, respectively, without significant difference between values before and after transport. Adverse events occurred during 28 transportations (22%) including three recovered cardiac arrests and one death. Overall survival rate at discharge was 74%, 78% in neonates and 56% in pediatrics, respectively. HFOV transportation rate increased over the last four years of the study for neonates and remained stable for older children. Extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) initiation rate on arrival decreased and survival rate increased significantly during the last four years of the study (p < .05).ConclusionThis study showed the feasibility of HFOV transportation by a PICU‐TT, despite some challenges. A trend towards using ECMO more than HFOV for the most severe respiratory and/or circulatory failures was seen over the 12‐year period. The HFOV transportation rate has increased for less severe neonatal patients.
Ionic thermoelectric materials for waste heat harvesting
Authors: Yang Boxuan , Portale Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIonic thermoelectric polymers are a new class of materials with great potential for use in low-grade waste heat harvesting and the field has seen much progress during the recent years. In this work, we briefly review the working mechanism of such materials, the main advances in the field and the main criteria for performance comparison. We examine two types of polymer-based ionic thermoelectric materials: ionic conductive polymer and ionogels. Moreover, as a comparison, we also examine the more conventional ionic liquid electrolytes. Their performance, possible directions of improvements and potential applications have been evaluated.
Morphological and functional variability in central and subcentral motor cortex of the human brain
Authors: Eichert Nicole , Watkins Kate E. , Mars Rogier B. , Petrides Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is a long-established link between anatomy and function in the somatomotor system in the mammalian cerebral cortex. The morphology of the central sulcus is predictive of the location of functional activation peaks relating to movement of different effectors in individuals. By contrast, morphological variation in the subcentral region and its relationship to function is, as yet, unknown. Investigating the subcentral region is particularly important in the context of speech, since control of the larynx during human speech production is related to activity in this region. Here, we examined the relationship between morphology in the central and subcentral region and the location of functional activity during movement of the hand, lips, tongue, and larynx at the individual participant level. We provide a systematic description of the sulcal patterns of the subcentral and adjacent opercular cortex, including the inter-individual variability in sulcal morphology. We show that, in the majority of participants, the anterior subcentral sulcus is not continuous, but consists of two distinct segments. A robust relationship between morphology of the central and subcentral sulcal segments and movement of different effectors is demonstrated. Inter-individual variability of underlying anatomy might thus explain previous inconsistent findings, in particular regarding the ventral larynx area in subcentral cortex. A surface registration based on sulcal labels indicated that such anatomical information can improve the alignment of functional data for group studies.
Individual and Environmental Factors Affecting Adaptive Behavior of Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Role of Parents’ Socio-cultural Level
Authors: Balboni Giulia , Bacherini Alice , Rebecchini Gessica , Cagiano Romina , Mancini Alice , Tancredi Raffaella , Igliozzi Roberta , Muratori Filippo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe effects of environmental factors [including Socio-Economic Status, Cultural Capital, and Social Capital (Socio-Cultural Level) of both parents] on the Vineland-II adaptive behavior dimensions of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in addition to individual factors, was investigated in 148 Italian toddlers (82% males), aged 18 to 37 months with ASD. Toddlers’ age and Griffiths Mental Development Scales general development affected all of the adaptive behavior dimensions, with negative and positive associations, respectively. The Child Behavior Checklist comorbid conditions were negatively associated with some adaptive behavior dimensions while the ADOS-2 Social affect only with the communication dimension. Mothers’ and fathers’ specific Socio-Cultural Level dimensions were positively associated with toddlers’ specific adaptive behavior dimensions with the same magnitude as comorbid conditions.
A Systematic Search and Review of Questionnaires Measuring Individual psychosocial Factors Predicting Return to Work After Musculoskeletal and Common Mental Disorders
Authors: Gragnano Andrea , Villotti Patrizia , Larivière Christian , Negrini Alessia , Corbière Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurpose Individual psychosocial factors are crucial in the return to work (RTW) process of workers with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and common mental disorders (CMDs). However, the quality and validity of the questionnaires used to measure these factors have rarely been investigated. The present systematic search and literature review aims at identifying, categorizing, and evaluating the questionnaires (measurement tools) used to measure individual psychosocial factors related to the perception of the personal condition and motivation to RTW that are predictive of successful RTW among workers with MSDs or CMDs. Methods Through a systematic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO library databases and grey literature, we identified the individual psychosocial factors predictive of successful RTW among these workers. Then, we retrieved the questionnaires used to measure these factors. Finally, we searched for articles validating these questionnaires to describe them exhaustively from a psychometric and practical point of view. Results: The review included 76 studies from an initial pool of 2263 articles. Three common significant predictors of RTW after MSDs and CMDs emerged (i.e., RTW expectations, RTW self-efficacy, and work ability), two significant predictors of RTW after MSDs only (i.e., work involvement and the self-perceived connection between health and job), and two significant predictors of RTW after CMDs only (i.e., optimism and pessimism). We analyzed 30 questionnaires, including eight multiple-item scales and 22 single-item measures. Based on their psychometric and practical properties, we evaluated one of the eight multiple-item scales as questionable and five as excellent. Conclusions: With some exceptions (i.e., self-efficacy), the tools used to measure individual psychosocial factors show moderate to considerable room for improvement.
Usability of cooperative surgical telemanipulation for bone milling tasks
Authors: Schleer Philipp , Vossel Manuel , Heckmann Lotte , Drobinsky Sergey , Theisgen Lukas , de la Fuente Matías , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeCooperative surgical systems enable humans and machines to combine their individual strengths and collaborate to improve the surgical outcome. Cooperative telemanipulated systems offer the widest spectrum of cooperative functionalities, because motion scaling is possible. Haptic guidance can be used to assist surgeons and haptic feedback makes acting forces at the slave side transparent to the operator, however, overlapping and masking of forces needs to be avoided. This study evaluates the usability of a cooperative surgical telemanipulator in a laboratory setting.MethodsThree experiments were designed and conducted for characteristic surgical task scenarios derived from field studies in orthopedics and neurosurgery to address bone tissue differentiation, guided milling and depth sensitive milling. Interaction modes were designed to ensure that no overlapping or masking of haptic guidance and haptic feedback occurs when allocating information to the haptic channel. Twenty participants were recruited to compare teleoperated modes, direct manual execution and an exemplary automated milling with respect to usability.ResultsParticipants were able to differentiate compact and cancellous bone, both directly manually and teleoperatively. Both telemanipulated modes increased effectiveness measured by the mean absolute depth and contour error for guided and depth sensitive millings. Efficiency is decreased if solely a boundary constraint is used in hard material, while a trajectory guidance and manual milling perform similarly. With respect to subjective user satisfaction trajectory guidance is rated best for guided millings followed by boundary constraints and the direct manual interaction. Haptic feedback only improved subjective user satisfaction.ConclusionA cooperative surgical telemanipulator can improve effectiveness and efficiency close to an automated execution and enhance user satisfaction compared to direct manual interaction. At the same time, the surgeon remains part of the control loop and is able to adjust the surgical plan according to the intraoperative situation and his/her expertise at any time.
Radon Transforms in Hyperbolic Spaces and Their Discrete Counterparts
Authors: Casadio Tarabusi Enrico , Picardello Massimo A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the hyperbolic disc (or more generally in real hyperbolic spaces) we consider the horospherical Radon transform R and the geodesic Radon transform X. Composition with their respective dual operators yields two convolution operators on the disc (with respect to the hyperbolic measure). We describe their convolution kernels in comparison with those of the corresponding operators on a homogeneous tree T, separately studied as acting on functions on the vertices or on the edges. This leads to a new theory of spherical functions and Radon inversion on the edges of a tree.
An experimental analysis of overconfidence in tariff choice
Authors: Dowling Katharina , Stich Lucas , Spann Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConsumers regularly have to choose between a pay-per-use and a flat-rate option. Due to the increasing number and range of (digital) services, the frequency at which consumers have to make tariff-choice decisions to use these services has become even more prevalent. Prior work has demonstrated that consumers’ tariff choices are often systematically biased and identified overconfidence as one of the key drivers. Yet, prior research is non-experimental and focused on the so-called flat-rate bias. By contrast, we examine the effects of overconfidence on the choice between a pay-per-use and a flat-rate option using an experimental approach. We develop an incentive-compatible experiment to provide causal evidence for the effect of overconfidence on tariff-choice decisions. We find that overconfident (underconfident) consumers underestimate (overestimate) their actual usage, which leads them to choose a pay-per-use (flat-rate) option relatively more frequently. Based on the results, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications as well as avenues for future research.
Effectiveness of Group Cognitive Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder in Routine Care
Authors: Colhoun Helen , Kannis-Dymand Lee , Rudge Marion , Le Compte Dianne , O'Flaherty Sarah J. , Gilbert Claire , Jones Monique , Harrow Sarah-Eve , Chambers Ron , Woolcock Colette , Macleod Juliet , Lovell Geoff P , Bell Caroline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent chronic condition with a large demand for treatment. This community outpatient study examined the effectiveness of a group intervention version of the established one-to-one cognitive therapy derived from the Clark and Wells model for SAD. Questionnaires were completed pre-treatment and post-treatment for SAD symptoms (Social Phobia Scale, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale), depressive symptoms (BDI-II), self-focused attention, safety behaviours (Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale and Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination), and impaired functioning (Work and Social Adjustment Scale). From an initial sample of 159 participants, 101 completed at least seven of the nine weekly group sessions (Mage = 34.1 years, SDage = 10.8 years, 53% female). Significant improvements were demonstrated on all measures. Large effect sizes were found for social anxiety symptoms and safety behaviour use. Self-focused attention, depressive symptoms, and impaired functioning had moderate effect sizes. Effect sizes for anxiety (d = 1.00 and 1.32) and mood measures (d = 0.71) were as high, or in some cases, higher than previous group treatment studies. Results suggest group cognitive therapy for SAD based on the Clark and Wells model is effective in a clinical setting for individuals with moderate/severe and treatment-resistant social anxiety.
Attaining Accuracy and Precision of Measuring Containers During the Qin Dynasty
Authors: Li Kin Sum (Sammy) 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores how Qin Dynasty bureaucrats attained accuracy and precision in producing and designing measuring containers. One of the salient achievements of the Qin empire was the so-called unification of measurement systems. Yet measurement systems and the technological methods employed to achieve accuracy and precision in ancient China have scarcely been explored in English-language scholarship. I will examine the material features of the containers and reconstruct the production methods with which the clay models, molds, and cores of the containers were prepared before casting. I also investigate the inscriptions on the containers to determine whether they were cast or engraved. In so doing, I supply the field of Qin history with additional solid evidence about how accuracy and precision were defined in the Qin empire.
Arcminute-scale studies of the interstellar gas towards HESS J1804−216: Still an unidentified TeVγ-ray source
Authors: Feijen Kirsty , Rowell Gavin , Einecke Sabrina , Braiding Catherine , Burton Michael G. , Maxted Nigel , Voisin Fabien , Wong Graeme F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Galactic TeV${\gamma}$-ray source${\mathrm{HESS\,J}1804{-}216}$is currently an unidentified source. In an attempt to unveil its origin, we present here the most detailed study of interstellar gas using data from the Mopra Southern Galactic Plane CO Survey, 7- and 12-mm wavelength Mopra surveys and Southern Galactic Plane Survey of HI. Several components of atomic and molecular gas are found to overlap${\mathrm{HESS\,J}1804{-}216}$at various velocities along the line of sight. The CS(1-0) emission clumps confirm the presence of dense gas. Both correlation and anti-correlation between the gas and TeV${\gamma}$-ray emission have been identified in various gas tracers, enabling several origin scenarios for the TeV${\gamma}$-ray emission from${\mathrm{HESS\,J}1804{-}216}$. For a hadronic scenario,${\mathrm{SNR\,G}8.7{-}0.1}$and the progenitor supernova remnant (SNR) of${\mathrm{PSR\,J}1803{-}2137}$require cosmic ray (CR) enhancement factors of${\mathord{\sim} 50}$times the solar neighbour CR flux value to produce the TeV${\gamma}$-ray emission. Assuming an isotropic diffusion model, CRs from both these SNRs require a slow diffusion coefficient, as found for other TeV SNRs associated with adjacent ISM gas. The morphology of gas located at 3.8 kpc (the dispersion measure distance to${\mathrm{PSR\,J}1803{-}2137}$) tends to anti-correlate with features of the TeV emission from${\mathrm{HESS\,J}1804{-}216}$, making the leptonic scenario possible. Both pure hadronic and pure leptonic scenarios thus remain plausible.
Follow the majority? How voters coordinate electoral support to secure club goods
Authors: Duell Dominik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVoters often favor candidates who benefit them individually but may coordinate their support with their social group on other candidates in exchange for policies targeting their group. In a laboratory experiment, I induce group identities to investigate the behavior of voters facing such trade-offs. I find that groups with low within heterogeneity often secure the club good from a candidate who is also individually beneficial to a majority of the group. In more heterogeneous groups, coordination on that candidate often fails and while the group still receives club goods, it is from a candidate whose policies are otherwise individually costly to most of the group. The results highlight the role strategic considerations play in the formation of group-based electoral coalitions.