bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REVIEW ON ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SHELTER RECONSTRUCTION AFTER GORKHA EARTHQUAKE 2015 IN NEPAL
Authors: Dhungana Anoj , Dahal Khet Raj , Shrestha Subik , Thapa Narbikram , Neupane Sanchita 
Published: June 2020

A study on “Issues associated with the shelter reconstruction after Gorkha Earthquake 2015 in Nepal” was conducted during the period of March to September 2017 on the basis of secondary literature received from different sources and field observation. Various articles, journal and government documents retrieved from online research database like ‘Google Scholars’ and topic related government online sites were reviewed. It has been realized that reconstruction after disasters is a long process. To manifest and implement the notion of build back better and successful completion of shelter reconstruction projects, there is a need for an in-depth knowledge of construction project management because 600,000 houses are to be constructed and about 250,000 to be repaired and retrofitted as well. The study reveals that the lack of funding, construction materials, labors and experienced human resources hinder the smooth progress of reconstruction. Similarly, reconstruction projects can take place only when the affected people are also involved in the design and planning process as well as in the implementation phase of the project, ensuring the best utilization of local knowledge and resources as much as possible. The strong coordination among various stakeholders can act as the key to an effective reconstruction in the context of Nepal.
Jeopolimer Betonlarda Sülfürik Asit Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: YURT Ümit , DÜNDAR Behçet , ÇINAR Emriye 
Published: June 2020

İnşaat sektörünün önemli
malzemelerinden biri olan çimento üretimi için yüksek miktarlarda enerji harcanmaktadır.
Çimento üretiminin zararlı etkilerini azaltmaya yönelik araştırmalar
yapılmaktadır. İnşaat sektöründe çok
fazla kullanım alanı olan çimentolu kompozitler için alternatif olabilecek
çevreci çözümler tercih edilebilir. Çimento kullanılmadan üretilecek yapı
malzemeleri çimento üretim miktarını azaltarak küresel ısınmanın zararlı
etkilerini azaltacaktır. Üretilecek çevreci ürünlerin dayanım ve durabilite
özellikleri açısından hâlihazırda kullanılan yapı malzemelerinin yerine
geçebilecek nitelikte olması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada demir çelik
fabrikalarının bir atığı olan Öğütülmüş Yüksek Fırın Cürufu (ÖYFC), Sodyum
Hidroksit (NaOH), Sodyum Silikat (Na2SiO3), agrega,
hiperakışkanlaştırıcı ve su kullanılarak yüksek dayanımlı (65-85 MPa) jeopolimer
betonlar üretilmiştir. Sertleşmiş jeopolimer numuneler, asit saldırılarına
karşı dayanıklılık özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla 0,5M, 1M ve 1,5 M’lık
Sülfürik Asit (SA) çözeltisi içerisinde 1, 7, 14, 21 ve 28 gün süresince asit
etkisine maruz bırakılmıştır. Jeopolimer numunelerin ağırlık kayıpları, su emme
ve porozite değerleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak numunelerin asitte kalma
süreleri arttıkça su emme, porozite ve ağırlık kayıp oranlarında artış
gözlemlenmiştir. Su emme -ağırlık kaybı arasındaki ilişkiye benzer şekilde su
emme –porozite arasında da istatiksel olarak doğrusal bir ilişki olduğu
görülmüştür.
BÂKILLÂNÎ VE ET-TAKRÎB VE’L-İRŞÂD ES-SAĞÎR İSİMLİ USÛL ESERİ
Authors: KESGİN Hafsa 
Published: June 2020

H. II. Asırda
tesîs edilmeye ve ürünlerini vermeye başlayan fıkıh usûlü Şâfiî’nin er-Risâle
isimli eserinden sonra yaklaşık h. IV. asra kadar sahada çok güçlü olan bir
eser vermemiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar daha ziyade bu eser çerçevesinde
şekillenmiştir. Ancak h. IV.asra gelindiğinde alana ait esas teliflerin
verildiği gelişim dönemine girilmiştir. Söz konusu gelişim döneminin en önemli
kabul edilen ilk eserlerinden birisi Bâkıllânî’nin et-Takrîb ve’l-irşâd adlı
eseridir. Müellifin yaşadığı dönemde Hanefî, Şafi‘î ve Mutezile usûlüne dair
ilk örnekler telif edilmiş ve bu anlamda ciddi tartışmalar ortaya çıkmıştır.
Özellikle kelâm sahasına dair olan görüş farklılıkları söz konusu tartışmaların
temelini oluşturmuştur. Bâkıllânî’nin de Eş’arî kelâmının sistemleşmesinde
etkili olan bir isim ve kelâma olan vukufiyetiyle ön planda olması ve eserinde
husun-kübûh, Kur’ân’ın mahlûk olup olmadığı, Hz. Peygamber’in mucizleri gibi
kelâmî konuların da bulunmuş olması bu durumun en önemli göstergelerindendir.
Kelâma dair hâkimiyetini fıkıh usûlüne de yansıtan Bâkıllânî söz konusu usûl eserini,
kelâm ilmi ekseninde telif etmiş ve konuları döneminde vuku bulan dil tartışmaları
merkezinde işlemiştir. Söz konusu dil tartışmaları çerçevesinde umûm, husûs ve
vakf ekolleri ortaya çıkmış bu bağlamda müellif lafzın delâleti konusunda bir
karine bulununcaya kadar tevakkuf edilmesi gerektiğini savunan vakf ekolünü
temsil eden bir yöntem benimsemiştir. İtikâdî olarak Eş’arî olan Bâkıllânî
fıkhî düşünce olarak Mâlikî Mezhebine müntesip olmuştur. Tamamı elimize
ulaşmayan et-Takrîb’in geri kalan konuları Cüveynî’nin eser üzerine yazdığı
et-Telhîs isimli muhtasâr vasıtasıyla günümüze ulaşmıştır. Müellifîn fıkıh usûlünü mütekellimîn yöntemine
dayalı olarak ele aldığı eser kendinden sonraki birçok usûlcüyü etkilemiştir. Zira
O, kendinden önceki mevcut olan usûl
eserlerinde bulunmayan birçok usûl konusunu ilk ele alan bir isimdir. Mütekellimîn
yönteminde günümüze ulaşan en kapsamlı ve sistemli telif olarak kabul edilen bu
eser üzerinde pek çalışma yapılmamıştır. Mâlikî mezhebine müntesip olmasına
rağmen daha ziyâde Cüveynî ve Gazzâlî gibi Şâfiî mezhebinin önde gelen
usûlcülerine kaynaklık etmiş bu eserin usûl ilmi bakımından yeterince
değerlendirilmediği görülmektedir. Şâfiî usûlcüler yanında Bâcî ve Karâfî gibi
mezhebin usûl ilmi açısından öncü olan simâları yanında Hanbelî usûlcülerinin
de istifâde ettiği bir eserdir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada Bâkıllânî’nin Mâlikî usûl
ilminin gelişim dönemine nasıl bir katkı sağladığı, ilk defa hangi usûl
konularının O’nun tarafından ele alındığı ve kendisinden sonra gelen ulemâyı ne
boyutta etkilediği ortaya konacaktır.
Strategy of Rational Therapy of Acute Respiratory Infections in Patients with Comorbidity
Authors: Ruzhencova T. A. , Khavkina Daria А. , Meshkova Natalia A. , Chukhliaev Pavel V. , Garbuzov Alexander A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The paper discusses specific features of acute respiratory infections (ARI) progression in patients with comorbidity. The relevance of this study is accounted for by severe progression of ARIs in this group of patients, as well as by specific considerations of combining causal treatment of infections with life-long treatment of chronic diseases.The aim of the study was to use a clinical case to substantiate an optimal treatment strategy for influenza and associated complications in a comorbid patient.Results: the analysis of the clinical case showed that an unfavourable course of ARI in the patient was due to the lack of timely antiviral therapy, adverse effects of paracetamol during statin therapy, exposure to pneumonia pathogen degradation products, general intoxication, and immune response. The compromised medical history contributed to the development of severe complications. The paper proposes a strategy for selecting the most eff ective and safe approach to the treatment of ARIs in a comorbid patient.Conclusions: ARIs in patients with chronic diseases entail increased risks of complications that may arise both due to specific characteristics of the infection and unfavourable combination of drugs. Treatment regimens for infl uenza and other ARIs in comorbid patients should be eff ective and timely. Early antiviral treatment is especially important in patients with comorbidity. When choosing a treatment regimen, it is necessary to assess potential benefi ts of pharmacotherapy as well as associated risks, including those related to previously prescribed medicines.
Analysis of the Clinical Case of Long-term Monitoring of a Patient with Comorbid Depression: Special Considerations of Psychopharmacotherapy
Authors: Arkhipov V. V. , Abakumova E. K. , Dmitrieva Ya. S. , Zykova N. I. , Bolsunovskaya Yu. R. 
Published: June 2020

Depression associated with somatic diseases ranks high among other depressive disorders and has a number of specifi c clinical features as compared to classic depression.The aim of the study was to analyse specifi c features of comorbid depression clinical course, its diagnosis, and methodology for the selection of psychopharmacotherapy—using a clinical case as an example.Results: the authors carried out a detailed retrospective clinical analysis of medical records of long-term (over three years) dynamic monitoring of a patient with comorbid vascular depression. They explored the tactics of selecting pharmacotherapy for anxiety-depressive disorder given the underlying chronic cerebral ischemia, atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries, аrterial hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. The primary focus was on specifi c aspects of vascular depression pharmacotherapy that were governed by a diverse clinical picture of comorbid personality disorders, dynamic transformation of somatic, neurological, and psychic symptoms and syndromes in a patient. The paper highlights the need for alignment of scientifi c and methodological approaches to assessment of potential risks associated with the use of psychotropic medicines.Conclusions: the choice of rational psychopharmacotherapy for vascular depression should be governed by the data on the drug effi cacy for the prevailing clinical symptoms, by the age and gender characteristics of the patient, by compensation status of organs and systems, as well as by genetic, personal, and social characteristics that aff ect the disease progression. The use of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and treatment of comorbid personality disorders, as well as implementation of personalised medicine methodology in clinical practice in order to assess the patient’s condition as infl uenced by changes in his/her somatic, neurological, psychic status and the results of psychological testing, will increase the effi cacy and safety of treatment.
Collection accessions and source material as a determining factor for producing new melon cultivars
Authors: Varivoda E. A. , Koleboshina Т. G. , Kornilova М. S. 
Published: June 2020

Background. The main trend in melon breeding is the development of cultivars with good taste, high yield, and disease resistance. The task may be solved through a scientific search for new source material meeting these requirements.Materials and methods. The research was performed at Bykovsky Cucurbit Breeding Experiment Station. Melon accessions of various origin and F1 hybrids from the nursery of source material served as the research material. In total, during the period of 2015–2017, over 100 melon accessions were studied: 45 accessions from the VIR collection, 61 from various companies, and 12 developed at various research institutions. In the nursery of source material, the accessions were hybridized and the resulting hybrid combinations were tested, including tests against infections. All of them were evaluated for their economically useful traits, yield, taste qualities, and resistance to bio- and abiostressors. During the trials they were compared with the best released cultivars approved for dryland conditions according to the developed guidelines.Results. The purpose of this work was to study the genetic collections of melons and obtain new source forms for further breeding. As a result of the study of the collection material, 12 accessions were identified with the following economically useful traits: high yield (exceeding the reference by more than 20%), high dry matter content (from 14 to 19%), large fruit size (fruit weight higher than 4.0 kg), and other features. After hybridization and testing in F1, the following 5 hybrid combinations were distinguished: Ekler × Osen; Dyuna × Mayskaya, Sheker and No 323; Katyusha × Mestny (k-7459, Georgia); Harmony × Mestny (k7461, Georgia), characterized by a set of features important for breeding.Conclusion. Thus, for further improvement by breeding and release of new melon cultivars, source accessions were selected with a yield exceeding 15.0 t/ha, dry matter content of 13.0%, bright fruit color, and resistance to diseases.
The collection of potato varieties as a reserve of source material for breeding for high yield, earliness, and resistance to diseases and pests
Authors: Kostina L. I. , Kosareva O. S. , Truskinov E. V. , Kirpicheva T. V. 
Published: June 2020

Background. Information is provided about the results obtained by screening the VIR collection of improved potato varieties for main commercial traits: earliness, high yield, high starch content, and resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), viruses, and pests, such as cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis Woll. (Ro1)), and Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say).Materials and methods. Potato accessions representing domestic and foreign varieties from the VIR collection served as the material for this research. The screening was performed according to the techniques developed at the Potato Genetic Resources Department of VIR.Results and conclusion. Potato varieties with valuable commercial traits were identified as breeding sources promising for earliness: ‘Bashkirskiy’ (k-25338), ‘Charoit’ (k-25221), ‘Colleen’ (k-25224), ‘Lagun’ (k-25294), etc.; for high yield: ‘Ametist’ (k-25336), ‘Banba’ (k-25222), ‘Bastion’ (k-25198), ‘Nur-Alem’ (k-25253), ‘Senim’ (k-25306), etc.; for high starch content: ‘Charaўnik’ (k-25139), ‘Darnitsa’ (k-25179), ‘Lad’ (k-25180), ‘Maksimum’ (k-25136), etc.; for resistance to late blight: local variety (Georgia) (k-25298, k-25326), ‘Sunkar’ (k-25258), ‘Udovitskiy’ (k-25260), ‘Vektor’ (k-25200), ‘Zvezdochka’ (k-25209); for resistance to viruses: ‘Azart’ (k-25196), Gala (k-25270), ‘Nadezhda’ (k-25213), Utro (k-25219), ‘Volat’ (k-25263), etc. Varieties combining resistance to gold potato cyst nematode with other valuable commercial traits were selected. Varieties with relative resistance to Colorado potato beetle were isolated under favorable conditions for the pest’s development. As a result of the research, new source material was identified, with a potential to improve major commercial traits of potato: earliness, high yield, high starch content, resistance to late blight, viruses, and pests (cyst nematode and Colorado beetle).
The effect of growing conditions and the year of reproduction on sowing qualities of seeds, morphological and physiological characteristics in sprouts of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek
Authors: Sushkevich A. V. , Zabegaeva O. N. , Burlyaeva М. О. 
Published: June 2020

Background. Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) sprouts are of high nutritional value and are very popular in the world, as they are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. In Russia, the consumption of V. radiata sprouts is only beginning to develop. Growing this crop for microgreens on a commercial scale requires cultivars with a rapid development rate and higher weight of sprouts. With this in view, the aim of this research was to study the effect of growing conditions and the genotype on morphological and physiological parameters of mung bean seeds and sprouts.Methods. Mung bean accessions from the VIR collection were analyzed. Germination energy, seed germination and seed vigor, and morphological characteristics were evaluated in seeds and sprouts of 16,000 plants. Four plant reproductions grown at Astrakhan (2015, 2017), Kuban (2005) and Adler (2016) Experiment Stations of VIR were studied. The effect produced by growing conditions and the genotype on morphological and physiological parameters of plants was identified using one- and two-way analyses of variance. Correlations between the traits were assessed using correlation and component analyses.Results. Specific individual features of the accessions produced the strongest effect on morphological and physiological characteristics of seeds and sprouts; weather conditions, the place and year of reproduction, to a lesser extent. Sowing quality of seeds depended more on the precipitation amount during the growing season than on the sum of active temperatures. When formed under dry conditions, seeds manifested better seed germination, germination energy of seeds, and seed vigor. Accessions with high and stable levels of seed germination, germination energy, and seed vigor, and weight of sprouts were identified.
The use of molecular-genetic and phytopathological methods to identify genes for effective leaf rust resistance in Aegilops accessions
Authors: Tyryshkin L. G. , Kolesova M. A. 
Published: June 2020

Background. Identification of effective genes for disease resistance in resistant plant samples is the most important step toward recommending them for breeding. There are three main methods for such identification: hybridological analysis, phytopathological test, and DNA marking. The method of PCR markers is widely used in Russia to identify resistance genes in wheat relatives, including the genus Aegi lops L. for resistance to leaf rust. From a theoretical viewpoint, the presence of a certain amplification fragment can hardly be interpreted as a definite proof of the presence of a resistance gene: during the species evolution, recombinations and mutations could occur, resulting in disturbance of the fragment’s presence and phenotypic expression of its connection with resistance. The purpose of this work was a comparison between molecular-genetic and phytopathological methods to identify leaf rust resistance genes Lr9 and Lr41 in three Aegilops species.Materials and methods. We identified leaf rust resistance genes Lr9 and Lr41 in forty Aegilops accessions using PCR with J13 and GDM35 primers, respectively. In the phytopathological test, the seedlings were infected with the pathogen population (avirulent to Lr9 and Lr41 genes) and the fungus clones virulent to the wheat line with the Lr9 gene.Results and conclusions. According to the data of molecular marking, the Lr41 gene was present in twelve Ae. tauschii Coss. accessions; Lr9 in four Ae umbellulata Zhuk. accessions and four of Ae. biuncialis Vis. All accessions of Ae. tauschii, two of Ae. umbellulata, and three of Ae. biuncialis, possessing effective resistance genes according to the molecular testing, were susceptible to the pathogen population. For three Ae. umbellulata accessions resistant to the population, where DNA marking failed to identify an Lr9 gene, the presence of this gene was shown by a phytopathological test. Thus, there were significant differences in the postulation of effective Lr9 and Lr41 leaf rust resistance genes in Aegilops accessions after a phytopatological test and the use of DNA markers.
Role of probiotics in respiratory tract diseases with special reference to COVID-19: A review
Authors: Sengupta Aditi Munmun , Chatterjee Diptendu , Ghosh Rima 
Published: June 2020

According to the International Scientific Association in association with Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations(UN) and World Health Organization (WHO), “administration of probiotics” means administration and ingestion of live microorganisms in an appropriate amount for developing good health condition in the host individual.
Probiotics are administered for building immunity against common respiratory tract infections, including cough, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pneumonia, and asthma. Therefore, vaccinations have been introduced to safeguard the children and the elderly from such infections. General patients improve their health when they consume appropriate amounts live microorganisms (probiotics) such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium that belong to lactic acid bacteria family. Fermented foods, such as yogurt and soy, and dietary supplements are known to be rich sources of microorganisms. However, the consumption of microorganisms causes gastrointestinal symptoms as common side effects. Limited studies provide relevant information about the probiotics’ consumption; therefore, the current study aimed to increase the probiotics consumption among individuals and avoid common infections.
Treatment of Tibial Avulsion Fracture of Posterior Cruciate Ligament by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Jha Ranjib Kumar , Thapa Santosh 
Published: June 2020

Background: An avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament from tibial attachment is more common in younger age group. It should be fixed otherwise it may lead to secondary changes in knee. Various techniques and approaches are available to fix posterior cruciate ligament avulsion. Different biomechanical studies have shown that, results both open and arthroscopic methods of fixation of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion by screws are comparable. The purpose of study is to evaluate functional and clinical outcome of open reduction and fixation of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion injury through posteromedial approach.
Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 19 cases of isolated posterior cruciate ligament avulsion injury with mean age of 33.21±9.07 year. All cases were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through modified posterior approach. The patients having duration of injury more than 12 weeks were excluded. The minimum follow up duration was 12 months. Results were assessed clinically and radiologically. Final functional outcome was assessed using the Lysholm scoring for knee.
Results: The mean duration of follow up was 14±1.85 months. All patients achieved union at 3months. At final follow up the mean range of motion was 125.42±6.37 degree (range 110 to 135 degree) without any extensor lag. The functional outcome assessed by Lysholm scoring system was excellent in 15 cases and good in 4 cases.
Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation with early range of motion exercises provides good clinical outcome and stable knee.
Screening for Thalassemia in Healthy Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Das Manish Kumar , Nepal Niraj , Chaudhary Prabesh 
Published: June 2020

Background: Thalassemia is a type of congenital anemia, where there is deficient synthesis of one or more type of globin subunits of normal hemoglobin. This study was undertaken with aims & objective to study the prevalence of thalassemia by comparing Red Blood Cell indices, Peripheral Blood Smear and Electrophoresis in adult volunteers.
Material and Methods: The study comprised of 518 cases attending hematological department, who were enrolled in our study after proper informed consent, of which 462 cases were further studied. All cases were subjected to blood sampling for estimation of Hemoglobin, red cell indices and peripheral blood smear. Those samples where peripheral blood smear and Red cell indices were suggestive of thalassemia were subjected to Bio-Rad High Performance Liquid Chromatography based electrophoresis to observe the presence of any abnormal hemoglobin.
Results: The mean age of screening sample was 42.91 ± 16.85 years with minimum age of 18 years and maximum age of 85 years. The highest number of cases was in between 21-30 years age groups (19.5%) followed by 41-50 years (17.7%). In the study group, 299 (64.7%) cases were male and 163 (35.3%) cases were female. The prevalence of anemia was found to be 48.16% in males and 68.71% in females with overall prevalence of 55.41%. On electrophoresis reports, 19 cases were diagnosed with thalassemia. The only thalassemia observed was thalassemia minor. The prevalence of thalassemia was found to be 4.11%.
Conclusion: Significantly high prevalence of thalassemia minor is found in healthy population.