bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of diabetes in lung injury from acute exposure to electronic cigarette, heated tobacco product, and combustible cigarette aerosols
Authors: Daou Michella Abi Zeid , Shihadeh Alan , Hashem Yasmine , Bitar Hala , Kassir Alaa , Karaoghlanian Nareg , Eid Assaad A. , El-Sabban Marwan , Zaatari Ghazi , Husari Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Patients with diabetes are more vulnerable to the detrimental respiratory effects of combustible cigarette smoke (CS) when compared to the general population. Electronic cigarettes (ECIG) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are marketed as less harmful alternatives to CS. In this study, we compared the effects of acute ECIG, HTP and CS exposure on the lungs of type II diabetes versus non-diabetic mice in an animal model
Methods

Type II Diabetic (Diab) and Non-Diabetic (Non-Diab) mice were divided into Control, ECIG, HTP and CS groups. Animals were exposed for 6 hrs./day to either air, ECIG, HTP or CS for seven days. Lung injury was determined by a) histopathology, b) wet to dry ratio, c) albumin concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, d) expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 β, e) reactive oxygen species production (ROS), and f) assessment of cellular apoptosis.
Results

Lung histology revealed increased edema and inflammatory cells in diabetic mice exposed to ECIG, HTP and CS. The expression of Inflammatory mediators was, in general, more significant in the Diabetic groups as well. TNF-α expression, for example, was upregulated in Diab + HTP and Diab + ECIG but not in Non-Diab + HTP. ROS was significantly increased in Diab + CS, less in Non-Diab + CS and weakly noted in ECIG + Diab. Significant albumin leak was observed in HTP-exposed animals. CS exposure worsened lung injury in Diab when compared to Non-Diab mice.
Conclusion

Comorbid medical conditions like diabetes may amplify ill effects CS, ECIG or HTP exposure.
Magnesio-lucchesiite, CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, a new species of the tourmaline supergroup
Authors: Scribner Emily D. , Cempírek Jan , Groat Lee A. , Evans R. James , Biagioni Cristian , Bosi Ferdinando , Dini Andrea , Hålenius Ulf , Orlandi Paolo , Pasero Marco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Magnesio-lucchesiite, ideally CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O, is a new mineral species of the tourmaline supergroup. The holotype material was discovered within a lamprophyre dike that cross-cuts tourmaline-rich metapelites within the exocontact of the O’Grady Batholith, Northwest Territories (Canada). Two additional samples were found at San Piero in Campo, Elba Island, Tuscany (Italy) in hydrothermal veins embedded in meta-serpentinites within the contact aureole of the Monte Capanne intrusion. The studied crystals of magnesio-lucchesiite are black in a hand sample with vitreous luster, conchoidal fracture, an estimated hardness of 7–8, and a calculated density of 3.168 (Canada) and 3.175 g/cm3 (Italy). In plane-polarized light, magnesio-lucchesiite is pleochroic (O = dark brown, E = colorless) and uniaxial (–); its refractive index values are nω = 1.668(3) and nε = 1.644(3) (Canada), and nω = 1.665(5) and nε = 1.645(5) (Italy). Magnesio-lucchesiite is trigonal, space group R3m, Z = 3, with a = 15.9910(3) Å, c = 7.2224(2) Å, V = 1599.42(7) Å3 (Canada) and with a = 15.9270(10) Å, c = 7.1270(5) Å, V = 1565.7(2) Å3 (Italy, sample 1). The crystal structure of magnesio-lucchesiite was refined to R1 = 3.06% using 2953 reflections with Fo &gt; 4σ(Fo) (Canadian sample; 1.96% / 1225 for the Italian sample) The Canadian (holotype) sample has the ordered empirical formula X(Ca0.60Na0.39K0.01)Σ1.00Y(Mg2.02Fe0.622+Fe0.093+Ti0.25V0.01Cr0.01)Σ3.00Z(Al5.31Fe0.693+)Σ6.00[T(Si5.98Al0.02)Σ6.00O18](BO3)3V[(OH)2.59O0.41]Σ3.00W(O0.78F0.22)Σ1.00. The Italian (co-type) material shows a wider chemical variability, with two different samples from the same locality having ordered chemical formulas: X(Ca0.88Na0.12)Σ1.00Y(Mg1.45Fe0.402+Al0.79Fe0.363+)Σ3.00ZAl6[T(Si5.05Al0.95)Σ6.00O18](BO3)3V[(OH)2.90O0.10]Σ3.00W(O0.98F0.02)Σ1.00 (sample 1) and X(Ca0.71Na0.21☐0.08)Σ1.00Y(Mg2.49Fe0.412+Ti0.10)Σ3.00Z(Al5.44Fe0.463+Mg0.09V0.01)Σ6.00[T(Si5.87Al0.13)Σ6.00O18](BO3)3V(OH)3W[O0.61(OH)0.39]Σ1.00 (sample 2). Magnesio-lucchesiite is an oxy-species belonging to the calcic group of the tourmaline supergroup. It is related to lucchesiite by the homovalent substitution YFe ↔ YMg, and to feruvite by the homovalent and heterovalent substitutions YFe ↔ YMg and ZAl3+ + WO2– ↔ ZMg2+ + W(OH)1–. The new mineral was approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA 2019-025). Occurrences of magnesio-lucchesiite show that its presence is not restricted to replacement of mafic minerals only; it may also form in metacarbonate rocks by fluctuations of F and Al during crystallization of common uvitic tourmaline. High miscibility with other tourmaline end-members indicates the large petrogenetic potential of magnesio-lucchesiite in Mg, Al-rich calc-silicate rocks, as well as contact-metamorphic and metasomatic rocks.
Discovery of terrestrial allabogdanite (Fe,Ni)2P, and the effect of Ni and Mo substitution on the barringerite-allabogdanite high-pressure transition
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Vereshchagin Oleg S. , Shilovskikh Vladimir V. , Krzhizhanovskaya Maria G. , Gorelova Liudmila A. , Vlasenko Natalia S. , Pakhomova Anna S. , Zaitsev Anatoly N. , Zolotarev Andrey A. , Bykov Maxim , Lozhkin Maksim S. , Nestola Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Minerals formed at high pressures are sensitive indicators of extreme pressure-temperature conditions that occur in nature. The discovery of the high-pressure polymorph of (Fe,Ni)2P, allabogdanite in the surficial pyrometamorphic rocks of the Hatrurim Formation (the Mottled Zone) surrounding the Dead Sea basin in Israel is the first terrestrial occurrence of a mineral previously only found in iron meteorites. Stepwise annealing experiments demonstrate that allabogdanite is metastable at ambient pressure and that it irreversibly transforms into its low-pressure polymorph, barringerite, upon heating to 850 ± 50 °C. High-pressure, high-temperature diamond-anvil cell (DAC) experiments confirm the results of annealing experiments. The DAC data indicate that Hatrurim allabogdanite is metastable below 7.4 GPa, and the low-to high-pressure phase transition (barringerite → allabogdanite) occurs at 25 ± 3 GPa and 1400 ± 100 °C. The observed transition pressure of Hatrurim allabogdanite is significantly higher than that of pure synthetic Fe2P (8 GPa) due to partial substitution of Fe for Ni (4 wt%) and Mo (2.5 wt%). Because the influence of substituting impurities on the conditions of phase transitions can be unexpectedly strong, our findings confirm that caution should be exercised when extrapolating data from experiments on synthetic compounds to natural systems. Based on the discovery of terrestrial allabogdanite (Fe,Ni)2P coupled with experiments probing the phase transitions in this natural composition, we contend that terrestrial allabogdanite formed via transformation from barringerite and posit potential scenarios of its formation.
Chemical reactions in the Fe2SiO4-D2 system with a variable deuterium content at 7.5 GPa
Authors: Efimchenko Vadim S. , Barkovskii Nicolay V. , Fedotov Vladimir K. , Meletov Konstantin P. , Prokoshin Artem V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Hydrogen-induced decomposition of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) at high pressure is of considerable interest for a better understanding of the chemical processes occurring in the cores and mantles of icy satellites. At pressures up to 10 GPa and temperatures 250–300 °C (typical of the cores and mantles of Jupiter’s and Saturn’s satellites), a variable amount of hydrogen can react with fayalite contained in their rocks. Volatile compounds that can form via these reactions are usually identified by mass spectroscopy. In our experiments, we used compressed deuterium gas instead of hydrogen to ensure that the volatiles analyzed by mass spectroscopy could only result from the decomposition of fayalite. To study the effect of the amount of deuterium present in the system, the fayalite (Fa) samples were deuterated at P = 7.5 GPa and T = 280 °C with the preset molar ratios D2/Fa = 1, 1.5, 2.2, and 5 in the reaction cell. The deuterated samples were further quenched to the liquid N2 temperature and, after releasing the pressure, removed from the reaction cell and studied by quadrupole mass-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results showed that the high-pressure deuteration invariably led to the chemical decomposition of fayalite. The solid products of the reaction varied from a mixture of ferrosilite (FeSiO3) and iron at D2/Fa = 1 to a mixture of silica and iron at D2/Fa = 2.2. The decomposition occurred via breaking the Fe-O bonds and was always accompanied by the formation of water. Applying the observed reactions to the natural conditions of, e.g., the center of Titan or Ganymede, one may infer that fayalite can be dissolved in the hydrogen fluid or replaced by iron, ferrosilite, or silica depending on the molar ratio H2/Fa.
Management of Severe Curvatures in Root Canal Treatment with the New Generation of Rotating Files Using a Safe and Predictable Protocol
Authors: Iandolo Alfredo , Amato Alessandra , Martina Stefano , Abdel latif Dina , Pantaleo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

Objective:
The aim of this work was to show the management of severe curvatures done with the new generation of rotating files through a safe and predictable protocol.

Methods:
Three clinical cases were described. A safe protocol was explained using the latest generation of rotating files for the shaping of the anatomy of complex root canals. All the cases presented 90°, 45° curvatures and/or double curvatures.

Results:
The instrumentation of canals increased their surface area and volume. All the cases with 90° and 45° curvatures were optimally shaped.

Conclusion:
With the help of rotating files in the martensitic alloy, it is possible to work safely, while avoiding the risk of file separation, even in root canals with severe curvatures, thus achieving success even in complex clinical cases.
Vaping-Related Mobile Apps Available in the Google Play Store After the Apple Ban: Content Review
Authors: Meacham Meredith C , Vogel Erin A , Thrul Johannes 
Published: September 2020

Background
In response to health concerns about vaping devices (eg, youth nicotine use, lung injury), Apple removed 181 previously approved vaping-related apps from the App Store in November 2019. This policy change may lessen youth exposure to content that glamorizes vaping; however, it may also block important sources of information and vaping device control for adults seeking to use vaping devices safely.

Objective
Understanding the types of nicotine and cannabis vaping–related apps still available in the competing Google Play Store can shed light on how digital apps may reflect information available to consumers.

Methods
In December 2019, we searched the Google Play Store for vaping-related apps using the keywords "vape" and "vaping" and reviewed the first 100 apps presented in the results. We reviewed app titles, descriptions, screenshots, and metadata to categorize the intended substance (nicotine or cannabis/tetrahydrocannabinol) and the app’s purpose. The most installed apps in each purpose category were downloaded and evaluated for quality and usability with the Mobile App Rating Scale.

Results
Of the first 100 apps, 79 were related to vaping. Of these 79 apps, 43 (54%) were specific to nicotine, 3 (4%) were specific to cannabis, 1 (1%) was intended for either, and for the remaining 31 (39%), the intended substance was unclear. The most common purposes of the apps were making do-it-yourself e-liquids (28/79, 35%) or coils (25/79, 32%), games/entertainment (19/79, 24%), social networking (16/79, 20%), and shopping for vaping products (15/79, 19%). Of the 79 apps, at least 4 apps (5%) paired with vaping devices to control temperature or dose settings, 8 apps (10%) claimed to help people quit smoking using vaping, and 2 apps (3%) had the goal of helping people quit vaping.

Conclusions
The majority of vaping-related apps in the Google Play Store had features either to help users continue vaping, such as information for modifying devices, or to maintain interest in vaping. Few apps were for controlling device settings or assisting with quitting smoking or vaping. Assuming that these Google Play Store apps were similar in content to the Apple App Store apps that were removed, it appears that Apple’s ban would have a minimal effect on people who vape with the intention of quitting smoking or who are seeking information about safer vaping via mobile apps.
A RAND-Modified Delphi on Key Indicators to Measure the Efficiency of Living Kidney Donor Candidate Evaluations
Authors: Habbous Steven , Barnieh Lianne , Litchfield Kenneth , McKenzie Susan , Reich Marian , Lam Ngan N. , Mucsi Istvan , Bugeja Ann , Yohanna Seychelle , Mainra Rahul , Chong Kate , Fantus Daniel , Prasad G V Ramesh , Dipchand Christine , Gill Jagbir , Getchell Leah , Garg Amit X. 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives
Many patients, providers, and potential living donors perceive the living kidney donor evaluation process to be lengthy and difficult to navigate.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We sought consensus on key terms and process and outcome indicators that can be used to measure how efficiently a transplant center evaluates persons interested in becoming a living kidney donor. Using a RAND-modified Delphi method, 77 participants (kidney transplant recipients or recipient candidates, living kidney donors or donor candidates, health care providers, and health care administrators) completed an online survey to define the terms and indicators. The definitions were then further refined during an in-person meeting with ten stakeholders.

Results
We identified 16 process indicators (e.g., average time to evaluate a donor candidate), eight outcome indicators (e.g., annual number of preemptive living kidney donor transplants), and two measures that can be considered both process and outcome indicators (e.g., average number of times a candidate visited the transplant center for the evaluation). Transplant centers wishing to implement this set of indicators will require 22 unique data elements, all of which are either readily available or easily collected prospectively.

Conclusions
We identified a set of indicators through a consensus-based approach that may be used to monitor and improve the performance of a transplant center in how efficiently it evaluates persons interested in becoming a living kidney donor.
Escritos y secciones de moda en la prensa yucateca: el refinamiento del gusto y la sensibilidad estética de los seguidores de las modas extranjeras, 1840-1920
Authors: Vanegas Durán Claudia Marcela 
Published: September 2020

<p>El artículo analiza una serie de escritos y secciones de modas publicados en la prensa yucateca desde 1840 hasta 1920. Los textos formaron parte de un discurso didáctico que pretendía refinar el gusto y la sensibilidad estética de los peninsulares. Sus escritores cumplieron la función de intermediarios culturales entre el atavío de moda en Europa y las prácticas locales al orientar a los lectores en el complejo y variable mundo de trajes y accesorios que comenzaban a comercializarse en las tiendas y talleres locales. Su contenido refleja cómo el uso de nuevos modelos fue una de las formas a través de la cual se materializaba la vida moderna y civilizada, lo que define a la indumentaria como uno de los dispositivos de distinción social y de orientación de los gustos, en particular de los grupos sociales de élite o aquellos que aspiran a serlo.</p>
The Anatomy of a National Crisis: The Canadian Federal Government’s Response to the 2015 Kurdi Refugee Case
Authors: Siddiqi Sara , Koerber Duncan 
Published: September 2020

Background A photograph of Alan Kurdi, a Syrian boy found dead on a Turkish beach, sparked a major Canadian political crisis. During a federal election campaign, Prime Minister Stephen Harper and Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Chris Alexander responded quickly to the incorrect implication that the government’s immigration policies caused the boy’s death. Analysis This article analyzes the appropriateness of Harper’s and Alexander’s response strategies during the hours right after the crisis broke. Conclusion and implications This article argues that the politicians faced an unusual challenge because, although the government’s policies had not actually caused the crisis, government leaders had to respond as if they had. Harper and Alexander mostly followed best practices but shifted the blame to the greater refugee crisis, which came across as disingenuous.
Tweeting Tsunami: Influence and Early Warning in British Columbia
Authors: Oldring Amanda , Milekhina Antonina , Brand Alexander 
Published: September 2020

Background Although early warning has been studied on Twitter, research focused on Canada is rare. British Columbia, Canada, is vulnerable to tsunamis, and warning systems are not ubiquitous. Establishing pre-event networks can contribute to understanding early warning dissemination potential in the province.Analysis This study locates a 1,932 follower network for @NWS_NTWC, a Twitter handle for the U.S. National Tsunami Warning Center, and the province’s primary tsunami warning notification account. A profile content analysis identifies stakeholders and maps locations, and a network analysis describes interconnections by role, country, and community type (rural or urban).Conclusion and implications The results describe how networks can optimize warnings via Twitter. Key outcomes include a longitudinal baseline, network-driven decision-making techniques, strategies for alerting at-risk areas, and a method for detecting influential users.
Crisis, Communication, and Canadian Hospitals: An Analysis and Evaluation of Risk Preparedness and Crisis Communication Efforts of Ontario Hospitals
Authors: Dobosz Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

Background While hospitals are complex and unique organizations, they are not often the subjects of crisis communication research.Analysis Through an analysis of each stage of the crisis communication process (preparedness, execution, and post-crisis), this study seeks to analyze and evaluate the crisis response of Canadian hospitals from a strategic communication perspective.Conclusions and implications This study reflects the findings of similar research in the field, confirming that hospitals in Ontario are indeed more prepared to face issues and crises that they have faced in the past. This study also demonstrates how integration between crisis communication and operational crisis management helps to foster a robust crisis preparedness strategy and a unified crisis response.
Reliability of kinetic measurements of healthy dogs examined while walking on a treadmill
Authors: Pietsch Sebastian , Steigmeier-Raith Stephanie , Reese Sven , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether an actual improvement in gait could be differentiated from physiologic differences or habituation effects during gait analysis of dogs.

ANIMALS
11 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES
On 4 examination days, kinetic parameters were measured while dogs were walking on a treadmill. Differences in mean parameter values and habituation effects (ie, effect sizes) were quantified and compared among examination days. Coefficients of variation for repeated measurements were calculated to determine measurement reproducibility, and minimum differences were calculated to distinguish between physiologic fluctuation and an actual change in gait pattern.

RESULTS
Among the 4 examination days, mean absolute differences in peak vertical force and vertical impulse (VI) varied from 1.5% to 5.3% of body weight (BW) and 0.9% to 1.8% of BW·s, respectively. Mean absolute differences in the percentage of stance-phase duration (%SPD) and relative stride length (RSL) varied from 0.9% to 3.2% and 1.7% to 3.0%, respectively. Reproducibility of parameter measurements was good. Values for %SPD had the lowest amount of dispersion and largest effect size, suggesting a habituation effect for this parameter. Calculated minimum differences among the days for peak vertical force, VI, %SPD, and RSL did not exceed 9.9% of BW, 3.3% of BW·s, 5.8 percentage points, and 5.2 percentage points, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The %SPD of healthy dogs walking on a treadmill was the most sensitive and diagnostically reliable of the measured kinetic parameters, in contrast to VI and RSL. Findings suggested that actual changes can be distinguished from random physiologic fluctuations during gait analysis of dogs.
MULTI-PRODUCT MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULING OPTIMIZATION MODELLING USING MIXED INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND GENETIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: Al-Ashhab M. S. , Fadag Hassan 
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to develop a Master Production Scheduling (MPS) model to maximize the total profit using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). The model is solved using both MILP with the Xpress software and genetic algorithms with the Evolver solver. The model is built for Evolver in MS Excel. Results of both solving tools are compared to analyze the performance of each of them. The accuracy and capability of the model to solve the MPS problems have been verified through the discussion of its results logicality for different cases of different patterns.
STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH OF VALUE ADDED MEASURES OF SUGAR PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Sabur Abdus , Sina Abu 
Published: September 2020

An attempt has been taken to explore the causes of inefficiency of management of sugar industry in Bangladesh by applying Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) that contains three steps of estimation. According to value of output measurement by SFA, parameter was found with positive values indicating potential production deferred from actual production. The return to scale of the sample was estimated 1.84 implied increasing returns to scale. The parameter () of OLS for the sample was found less than that of MLE for the cause of below position of potential output. (Lambda) was the ratio of variance of industry specific production behaviors (u) to the variance of statistical noise (v). Here that ratio was found 1.69 and 1.11 for the half-normal and truncated normal distribution which indicated that there were impacts due to inefficiency of the management dominated by random disturbances of the sugar industry in Bangladesh. The value of was estimated 74 percent and 55 percent for half normal and truncated normal indicating 74 percent and 55 percent output in sugar production were due to inefficiency of the management. The parameter () was found negative for both the methods which indicated that the technical efficiency was decreasing over the time. The mean technical efficiency of sample was 54.45 percent and 35.45 percent for the half normal and truncated normal distribution. This further indicated that the management could increase the production level by 45.55 percent and 64.55 percent respectively using same level of inputs. The suggestion and recommendation has been provided to improve managerial skills, increase skilled manpower, introduce higher sucrose content cane, modernization of machineries and reduction of overhead cost.