bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clipping of Complex Internal Cerebral Artery Terminus Aneurysm: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Spetzler Robert F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Internal carotid artery (ICA) bifurcation, or terminus, aneurysms are uncommon, and although they can be accessed with relative ease, clip occlusion of such aneurysms is often challenging due to the close proximity of basal forebrain perforator vessels. This patient had an incidentally discovered ICA terminus aneurysm and elected for microsurgical clipping. A modified orbitozygomatic approach was used to approach the aneurysm. The clipping was significantly complicated by the adherence and close proximity of the recurrent artery of Heubner to the aneurysm dome. Following successful dissection of the artery from the aneurysm dome and complete visualization of the aneurysm neck to avoid violation of perforator flow, successful clip occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved. The patient gave informed consent for surgery and video recording. Institutional review board approval was deemed unnecessary. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
How to select the best: Selection procedures of innovation agencies
Authors: Biegelbauer Peter , Palfinger Thomas , Mayer Sabine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInnovation agencies, that is organizations with the primary focus of funding applied research and technological development, evaluate project proposals to select the most promising proposals for funding. At the moment, there is only little verified knowledge available on project evaluation and selection processes of innovation agencies. We want to show how projects are evaluated and selected in these organizations. We want to also make a contribution for better understanding the variety of the utilized processes by pointing out the reasoning behind some of the most important practices. This article therefore focuses on the following questions: How are projects selected in innovation agencies? What are the employed procedures and practices? Are there differences in procedures and practices and what would be the reason for these differences? The basis for answering these questions is a study produced for the European Association of National Innovation Agencies, Taftie. There we have analysed the project selection procedures of 18 programmes run by 12 European innovation agencies. To do so, we have produced an overview of existing selection procedures of the innovation agencies, analysed, and compared the procedures along the stages of a typical selection process. The key points of interest were role of evaluators, selection criteria, ranking procedures, and general process issues.
O8.6. RISK OF HOMELESSNESS AFTER DISCHARGE FROM PSYCHIATRIC WARDS
Authors: Nilsson Sandra , Munk Laursen Thomas , Hjorthøj Carsten , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Homelessness is an increasing societal problem in most high-income countries and often linked to mental illness and substance use disorders.
However, there are few high-quality studies examining the risk of homelessness following discharge from in-patient psychiatric treatment. such information might be used as documentation for the need of structural changes to prevent homelessness in people with severe mental illness.
We aimed to analyse the absolute and relative risk of homelessness following discharge from psychiatric wards in Denmark in the period from 2001 to 2015 and to identify high-risk diagnostic groups.

Methods
We did a nationwide, register-based cohort study including people aged 18+ years discharged from psychiatric wards in Denmark between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2015. We analysed associations between psychiatric diagnoses and the risk of homelessness using survival analysis.

Results
A total of 126,848 psychiatric in-patients were included accounting for 94,835 person-years. The incidence of homelessness one year following discharge was 28.18 (95% CI 26.69–29.75) and 9.27 (95% CI 8.45–10.16) per 1000 person-years at risk in men and women, respectively. The one-year cumulative probability of first homelessness after discharge from psychiatric wards with a schizophrenia disorder was 1.54% (95% CI 1.25–1.88) in males and 0.60% (95% CI 0.40–0.87) in females.
Substance use disorders increased the risk of homelessness after discharge with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 6.60 (95% CI 5.19–8.40) (men) and 13.06 (95% CI 9.31–18.33) (women), compared with depressive disorders. Schizophrenia increased the risk of homelessness after discharge by 1.91 (95% CI 1.29–2.83) and by 2.53 (95% CI 1.41–4.54) in men and women, respectively, also compared with depressive disorders. Prior history of homelessness was an important predictor for homelessness following discharge.

Discussion
The first year following discharge from psychiatric wards is a high-risk period of homelessness, especially when having a substance use disorder or a prior history of homeless shelter contact. Schizophrenia was also an important predictor of homelessness. Improved efforts to prevent homelessness are needed.
O10.1. MATERNAL PRENATAL C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, NEURODEVELOPMENT AND OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR PSYCHOSIS IN ADOLESCENT OFFSPRING IN THE NORTHERN FINLAND BIRTH COHORT 1986
Authors: Ramsay Hugh , Surcel Heljä-Marja , Bjornholm Lassi , Khandaker Golam , Veijola Juha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Prenatal infection is associated with brain structural and functional abnormalities, and may increase risk for psychosis through a direct effect on neurodevelopment. Proinflammatory immune response may be a common mechanism through which various infections exert their harmful effect, but studies of prenatal maternal inflammatory markers and offspring neurodevelopment are scarce. We examined the associations of maternal prenatal C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with psychosis risk factors in adolescent offspring including markers of neurodevelopment and cannabis use.

Methods
This study used a longitudinal birth cohort, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC 1986), followed up to age 16 years (n=6,985/9,432, 76% follow-up). CRP was measured in maternal sera collected in pregnancy. In offspring, school performance was measured at age 7 and 16y; psychotic experiences and cannabis use was measured at age 16. Controlling for offspring sex, maternal education level, maternal body mass index during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy and alcohol use during pregnancy using regression analysis, we tested associations of CRP with offspring measures. We also tested for mediation, specifically if adolescent cannabis use mediated the associations between maternal CRP and offspring psychotic experiences and school performance.

Results
Based on data from a minimum of 4,153 participants, after controlling for offspring sex, maternal education level, maternal body mass index during pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy and alcohol use during pregnancy, maternal CRP was associated with adolescent neurodevelopmental markers, including psychotic experiences (odds ratio=1.13, 95% CI=1.00–1.29) and academic performance at age 16 years (beta=0.063, SE=0.013, 95% CI=0.037–0.089). Maternal CRP was also associated with adolescent cannabis use (odds ratio=1.27, 95% CI=1.11–1.46). Cannabis use appeared to mediate a small amount of the associations between maternal CRP and both psychotic experiences and academic performance.

Discussion
These results support a neurodevelopmental role for maternal prenatal infection and offspring psychosis but also suggest an indirect effect through increasing risk of exposure to cannabis. Maternal infection and immune activation may impact on brain circuitry involved in impulsivity, increasing behaviours such as cannabis use that are separately associated with psychosis. The results of this study give clues regarding the mechanism of the maternal inflammation – psychosis association and add to our understanding of the complex neurodevelopmental processes predating psychosis.
T9. EPIGENETIC PROFILING IN SCHIZOPHRENIA DERIVED HUMAN INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS (HIPSCS) AND NEURONS
Authors: Farrelly Lorna , Zhang Shuangping , Flaherty Erin , Topol Aaron , Schrode Nadine , Bastle Ryan , Bhanu Natarajan , Garcia Benjamin , Li Haitao , Brennand Kristen , Maze Ian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting ~1% of the world’s population. It is largely heritable with genetic risk reflected by a combination of common variants of small effect and highly penetrant rare mutations. Chromatin modifications are known to play critical roles in the mediation of many neurodevelopmental processes, and, when disturbed, may also contribute to the precipitation of psychiatric disorders, such as SCZ. While a handful of candidate-based studies have measured changes in promoter-bound histone modifications, few mechanistic studies have been carried out to explore how these modifications may affect chromatin to precipitate behavioral phenotypes associated with the disease.

Methods
We applied an unbiased proteomics approach to evaluate the epigenetic landscape of SCZ in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurons from SCZ patients vs. matched controls. We utilized proteomics-based, label free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on purified histones from these cells and confirmed our results by western blotting in postmortem SCZ cortical brain tissues. Furthermore we validated our findings with the application of histone interaction assays and structural and biophysical assessments to identify and confirm novel chromatin ‘readers’. To relate our findings to a SCZ phenotype we used a SCZ rodent model of prepulse inhibition (PPI) to perform pharmacological manipulations and behavioral assessments.

Results
Using label free mass spectrometry we performed PTM screening of hiPSCs, NPCs and matured neurons derived from SCZ patients and matched controls. We identified, amongst others, altered patterns of hyperacetylation in SCZ neurons. Additionally we identified enhanced binding of particular acetylation ‘reader’ proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of such proteins in an animal model of amphetamine sensitization ameliorated PPI deficits further validating this epigenetic signature in SCZ.

Discussion
Recent evidence indicates that relevance and patterns of acetylation in epigenetics advances beyond its role in transcription and small molecule inhibitors of these aberrant interactions hold promise as useful therapeutics. This study identifies a role for modulating gene expression changes associated with a SCZ epigenetic signature and warrants further investigation in terms of how this early gene expression pattern perhaps determines susceptibility or severity of the SCZ disease trajectory.
T11. CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN PEOPLE WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Trab Trine , Ernst Nielsen René , Broendum Froekjaer Jens , Eggert Jensen Svend 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major causes of premature mortality in patients with schizophrenia. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an independent predictor of cardiac mortality and CAD in the general population, but has not yet been investigated in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the present study is to compare CAC quantified by cardiac computed tomography (CT) in patients with schizophrenia to the general population.

Methods
Baseline data from an ongoing prospective cohort study including 200 patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10 diagnoses F20 or F25) diagnosed at least 10 years prior to inclusion (chronic group) and 86 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed within two years prior to inclusion (debut group). Patients in the debut group were matched 1:1 on age, gender and smoking status with psychiatrically healthy controls (PHC). All participants underwent cardiac CT and the CAC was quantified using Agatston Score. Mean CAC in the chronic group was compared to reference CAC scores whilst mean CAC in the debut group was compared to PHC. Information on cardiovascular risk factors, illness history, social and psychiatric conditions were obtained at baseline.

Results
Data is currently being analyzed and results will be presented at the Congress of International Schizophrenia Research Society.

Discussion
If the CAC quantified by CT in patients with schizophrenia differs from the PHC population, it might act as a tool for early detection of CAD in these patients. Thus, the findings of this study might contribute to preventive strategies in order to decrease cardiovascular mortality.
T13. CORNEAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY DETECTS NEURAL CHANGES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Woodruff Peter , Ponirakis Georgios , Ghandi Reem , Hussein Amani , Bhagat Anjushri , Petropoulos Ioannis , Khan Adnan , Gad Hoda , Aly Al Sotouhy Ahmed , Own Ahmed , Vattoth Surjith , Ramadan Marwan , Al Hamad Hanadi , Currie James , Malik Rayaz A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
A combination of neurodevelopmental and degenerative neural changes are likely to underpin positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. However, there are currently no validated biomarkers to accurately quantify the extent of neural changes in schizophrenia.
Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a non-invasive ophthalmic imaging technique that has been used to demonstrate in vivo corneal nerve fiber abnormalities in a range of peripheral neuropathies and central neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and dementia.
We wished to test the hypothesis that corneal nerve abnormalities occur in patients with schizophrenia, particularly those with negative symptoms and cognitive impairment.

Methods
Patients with DSM-V schizophrenia without other causes of peripheral neuropathy other than metabolic syndrome underwent assessment of clinical ratings (Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), vibration perception threshold (VPT) and sudomotor function testing.
Healthy controls underwent the same assessments apart from PANSS.

Results
55 subjects without (n=38) and with schizophrenia (n=17) with comparable mean age (35.7±8.5 vs 35.6±12.2, P=0.96) were studied.
Patients with schizophrenia had significantly higher body weight (93.9±25.5 vs 77.1±10.1, P=0.02) and lower Low Density Lipoproteins (2.6±1.0 vs 3.4±0.7, P=0.02) compared with healthy controls.
The proportion of gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride and High Density Lipoproteins were comparable between the two groups.
Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower corneal nerve fibre density (CNFD, fibers/mm2) (35.6±6.5 vs 23.5±7.8, p&lt;0.0001), branch density (CNBD, branches/mm2) (98.1±30.6 vs 34.4±26.9, p&lt;0.0001), and fibre length (CNFL, mm/mm2) (24.2±3.9 vs 14.3±4.7, p&lt;0.0001) compared with healthy controls but no difference in peripheral neuropathy assessed by VPT and sudomotor function testing.
The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (95% CI) of CNFD, CNBD, CNFL to distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls were 87.0% (76.8–98.2%), 93.2% (84.2–102.3%), 93.2% (84.4–102.1%), respectively.

Discussion
These preliminary results:
T25. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AT FIRST-EPISODE AND LONGITUDINAL CORTICAL CHANGES IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS: A TWO-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY IN AN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT-ONSET COHORT
Authors: Santonja Javier , Pina-Camacho Laura , Martínez Kenia , Díaz-Caneja Covadonga , Arango Celso , Bernardo Arroyo Miguel , Mezquida Gisela , Janssen Joost , Parellada Mara 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
In a unique deeply phenotyped longitudinal dataset consisting of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients with a wide age at FEP onset (15 to 35 years) and healthy controls, we aimed to determine whether cortical abnormalities are already present at FEP, whether they progress further over the first two years of the illness, and, if so, whether change patterns are associated with age at first episode.

Methods
Multicenter (four-site) two-year follow-up case-control brain magnetic resonance imaging study; 74 patients with a FEP of less than 12 months’ duration, and 64 healthy controls (matched for age, sex, parental socioeconomic status and handedness) were scanned twice (median time between baseline and follow-up scan 24 months, range [16 – 32]). We computed percentage changes (PC) over follow-up in thickness/area/volume for frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. We included diagnosis (patient vs. control), age at baseline scan, sex, TBV and site as potential confounders. We conducted post-hoc comparisons for young (≤19y) and adult (&gt;19y) diagnostic pairs (FEP vs healthy controls).

Results
A significant age-by-diagnosis interaction was only found for temporal lobe cortical thickness (CT)-PC (d = -.54, p = .002). Within this lobe, the largest effects for the age x diagnosis interaction were found in the middle (d = -.43, p = .01) and inferior (d = - .48, p = .007) temporal gyrus CT-PC. The younger the patient group, the greater temporal thinning relative to their age-matched control group. The most extreme patient vs. control PC difference (i.e. the largest effect size) was found at an age cut-off of 19 years (d=0.9, p= .01).

Discussion
In individuals with psychosis, the two-year cortical changes that follow the FEP are dependent of age at first episode, with those with an earlier onset showing more severe cortical thinning in the temporal lobe.
T39. IMPAIRED SENSORIMOTOR GATING USING THE ACOUSTIC PREPULSE INHIBITION PARADIGM IN INDIVIDUALS AT A CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS
Authors: Bo Qijing , Mao Zhen , Tian Qing , Li Weidi , Zhao Lei , Wang Chuanyue 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Many robust studies on prepulse inhibition (PPI) were conducted in patients with schizophrenia, and, increasingly, evidence has indicated individuals who are at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). The specificity of the PPI is insufficient with the classic paradigm. The current study investigated an improved perceived spatial separation PPI (PSSPPI) paradigm in CHR individuals, compared with patients of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and healthy controls (HC), and the relationship between PPI, demographics, clinical characteristics, and cognitive performance.

Methods
We included 53 FESs, 55 CHR individuals, and 53 HCs. CHRs were rated on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). The prepulse inhibition measures of perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSCPPI) and PSSPPI paradigms were applied using 60- and 120-ms lead intervals. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess neurocognitive functions.

Results
Compared with HC, the CHR group had lower PSSPPI level (ISI=60 ms, P&lt;0.001; ISI=120 ms, P&lt;.001). PSSPPI showed a large effect size (ES) between CHR and HC (ISI=60 ms, ES=0.91; ISI=120 ms, ES=0.98); on PSSPPI using 60-ms lead interval, ES ranged from small to large from CHR to FES. PPI deficits in CHR were unrelated to demographics, clinical characteristics, and cognition.

Discussion
CHR individuals show a sensorimotor gating deficit similar to FES patients on PSSPPI of the startle response, with greater sensitivity than the classic PPI paradigm. PSSPPI appears a promising objective approach for identifying individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis related to a high risk of transition to schizophrenia.
T46. THE EFFECT OF COMPREHENSIVE COGNITIVE REMEDIATION IN INDIVIDUALS AT ULTRA-HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS: A SINGLE-BLIND, RANDOMISED, CLINICAL TRIAL (FOCUS)
Authors: Birkedal Glenthoej Louise , Lise Mariegaard , Fagerlund Birgitte , Richardt Jepsen Jens , Dam Kristensen Tina , Wenneberg Christina , Krakauer Kristine , Medalia Alice , Roberts David , Hjorthøj Carsten , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis display significant cognitive deficits that constitute a barrier to functional recovery. Applying cognitive remediation (CR) before the onset of manifest psychosis may improve cognition and the clinical and functional prognosis of UHR individuals.

Methods
This randomised, clinical trial randomly assigned 146 UHR individuals aged 18–40 years to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU plus cognitive remediation. The cognitive remediation consisted of 20-weeks of neurocognitive and social cognitive remediation. Assessments were carried out at 6- and 12-months post baseline. Primary outcome was composite score on the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) battery at 6-months.

Results
Between April 2014 and January 2017, 73 UHR individuals were assigned to TAU and 73 were assigned to TAU + cognitive remediation. Compared to the control group, cognitive remediation did not result in significant improvement on the BACS composite score at 6-month follow-up (b=-0.125, 95%CI: -0.23 to 0.172, p=0.41). Nor did the intervention improve secondary outcomes in clinical symptoms or functioning. Exploratory analyses found emotion recognition latencies to be significantly more reduced in the intervention group than the TAU group at 6-months follow-up. At 12-month follow-up the intervention group exhibited significantly better performance on two exploratory outcomes of executive function and visual memory. The participants in the intervention group attended an average of 12 sessions out of 20. No adverse events were reported relating to the intervention.

Discussion
While the brief course of treatment did not impact global cognition, symptoms and functioning measures, treatment related benefit was found in exploratory component neuro- and social cognitive measures. Future studies should evaluate whether more personalized interventions such as the separate application of neurocognitive and social cognitive remediation may produce beneficial effect on cognition and functioning compared to treatment as usual, along with establishing the optimal number of training hours to produce cognitive and functional gains.
T69. CORRELATION BETWEEN PERFORMANCE-BASED AND INTERVIEW-BASED COGNITIVE MEASUREMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: Jeon Dong-wook , Jung Do-Un , Kim Sung-Jin , Oh Minkyung , Moon Jung-Joon , Kim Yeon-Sue 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Deficits in cognitive function are often observed in schizophrenia patients and cause functional disability affecting daily life. The performance-based MATRICS consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) is used to measure the cognitive function of schizophrenia patients. In some situations, interview-based measures such as the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS) may be appropriate. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between the entire MCCB domain and each item of the SCoRS to identify the domains and items most associated to each other when each measure is used.

Methods
Fifty-six clinically stable patients were recruited from day hospitals and outpatient wards. To evaluate cognitive function, we used the MCCB performance-based measure and the SCoRS interview-based measure. Measurements were taken at baseline, and two and three months later. Spearman correlation was computed between each item of the SCoRS Interviewer’s Rating and each MCCB score.

Results
The correlation between the MCCB overall T score and the SCoRS global score was the strongest (r = - 0.52), while that between the SCoRS total score and the MCCB speed of processing score was r = -0.48. The SCoRS global score showed statistically significant correlation with all seven MCCB domains and the overall T score. Similar results were observed for SCoRS item 12.

Discussion
Individual items and total scores of MCCB and SCoRS showed variable degrees of association. If these results are confirmed in larger study samples, a simple item selection to evaluate cognitive function according to the patient’s condition will be possible in a clinical setting.