bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-urban Microclimate Investigation in Urban Heat Islands: A Novel Experimental Transect Monitoring and Startup Findings from Implementation in Historical City
Authors: Ioannis Kousis , pigliautile ilaria , Pisello Anna Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Monitoring microclimate variables within cities with high accuracy is anongoing challenge for a better urban resilience to climate change. Assessingthe intra-urban characteristics of a city is of vital importance for ensuringfine living standards for citizens. Here, a novel mobile microclimate stationis applied for monitoring the main microclimatic variables regulating urbanenvironment as well as directionally monitoring shortwave radiation and illuminance and hence evaluate the effect of urban surfaces and anthropogenicheat. We performed day-time and evening-time monitoring campaigns withina historical city in Italy, characterized by substantial urban structure differentiations. We found significant intra-urban variations concerning variables suchas air temperature and shortwave radiation. Moreover, the proposed experimental framework may capture, for the very first time, significant directionalvariations with respect to Shortwave radiation and illuminance across the cityat microclimate scale. The presented mobile station represents therefore thekey missing piece for exhaustively identifying urban environmental qualityand data driven modelling toward risk and resilience planning. It can betherefore used in combination with satellite data, stable weather station orother mobile stations, e.g. bicycle and wearable sensing techniques, througha citizens’ science approach in smart, livable, and sustainable cities in the near future.
Differences of palbociclib and ribociclib in terms of cell death pathways; a cell culture assay
Authors: Ozluk Ahmet , Bulut Gulcan , Atmaca Harika , Karaca Saziye 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Differences of palbociclib and ribociclib in terms of cell death pathways; a cell culture assay
The contribution of adding cyclin dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors to hormonotherapy in relation with the survival was indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer which had positive hormone receptor and negative HER2. In this study, it was planned to indicate two different CDK4/6 inhibitors (palbociclib and ribociclib) providing CDK4/6 inhibition on the cell lines (MCF-7 and BT474) having specifications of luminal-A and luminal-B, the molecular sub-types of positive hormone receptor of breast cancer, and to reveal the molecular differences and to compare cytotoxicity data and necrosis mechanisms in the cell culture experiments. It was planned to determine the differences of resistance mechanism of new combinations. MCF-7 and BT474 cell lines were handled with Palbociclib and Ribociclib individually. The possible cytotoxicity, apoptosis and authopagy effects and the levels of apoptotic proteins were examined. It was indicated that Palbociclib and Ribociclib had cytotoxic effects in both breast cancer cells. In regard of comparing from the point of intracellular pathways, it was determined that the effect of Palbociclib decreased in the increased dosage but that the effect of Ribociclib on cell indicated by means of apoptosis. It was found that palbociclib induced autophagy in the autophagy experiment conducted on the decrease of apoptotic activity with increasing doses. Even though they worked on the same pathway, Palbociclib and Ribociclib utilized different mechanisms to kill the cells and new evidences were obtained that the resistance mechanism may be different from each other according to the treatment.
Energy of Flipping A Spin
Authors: Wang Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We found that the physics of using a spin’s orientation to store data fundamentally differs from that of using a particle’s position as a (classical) bit of information: the former is quantum dynamic and independent of temperature (if the temperature is below the Curie point), whereas the latter is thermodynamic and thereby dependent on temperature. The formula to calculate the minimum energy of flipping a spin should be the Bohr magneton times the magnetic field. Obviously, the key to calculating such a minimum energy is to find a minimum magnetic field that should not be zero; otherwise, spin-flipping will not take place. Our conclusion is that the energy limit of storing data in a modern way (using a spin’s orientation) is 1.64E-36 J, 15 orders of magnitude lower than that of storing data in a classical way (using a particle’s position), which implies that spin electronics in data storage is fundamentally superior to classical charge-based methods in terms of energy efficiency and computational reversibility. We also verified this new limit based on a spinspin interaction experiment.
An Unusual Case of Delayed Recurrent Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Chen Ping , Wang Bing 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Dural and bony defects mostly occur in the same position in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea of anterior cranial base fractures, and a few cases of delayed CSF leakage after repair are also reported.Case presentation: We report a case in which a pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap was used to repair the comminuted fracture of the anterior skull base with CSF leakage. Delayed CSF leakage occurred 45 days after the operation. A minimally invasive approach through an eyebrow incision was performed for reoperation, it was found that the bony defect was located in the right frontal sinus and the dural defect was located in the right ethmoid plate. Conclusions: This case suggests that delayed traumatic CSF rhinorrhea after reconstructive surgery is more complex than usual, and appropriate approach should be adopted to repair the dural and bony defects, the transeyebrow approach is a good choice.
The effect of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory factors, anti-inflammatory proteins, and lung function in male smokers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nikniaz Leila , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Nateghian Hooman , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizadeh , pourmanaf Hadi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, CC16, SP-D, and CC16/SP-D ratio) and lung function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio) in male smokers.MethodsAfter applying inclusion criteria, a total of 40 healthy male smokers were recruited in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Aerobic Exercise + vitamin D Supplementation (AE + VitD, N = 10), Aerobic Exercise (AE, N = 10), vitamin D Supplementation (VitD, N = 10), and Control (C, N = 10). The subjects in the AE + VitD and AE groups performed aerobic exercise training (running) up to 50% of heart rate (HR) max, three times a week for four weeks. Subjects in AE + VitD and VitD groups received 6000 UI/w vitamin D3 for four weeks. The subjects in control group did not receive any intervention. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, Clara cell protein (CC16), surfactant protein (SP)-D, CC16/SP-D ratio, and lung function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio) were measured before and after four weeks of intervention.ResultsSerum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CC16, and SP-D decreased significantly in AE + VitD and AE groups after four weeks (P < 0.05), but serum SP-D level in the AE group did not decrease significantly. In addition, FEV1 and FVC increased significantly (P < 0.05) in AE + VitD and AE groups after four weeks of intervention. However, AE + VitD and AE did not have a significant effect on CC16/SP-D ratio and FEV1/FVC ratio. Furthermore, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CC16 decreased significantly after vitamin D supplementation (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of present study demonstrates that aerobic exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation can reduce inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory proteins in the blood and improve lung function after four weeks. Further larger trials with higher sample size and longer duration are suggested to confirm these results.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered. IRCT20180513039637N4. Registration date: 2020/10/20. URL: https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20180513039637N4
Cardiorespiratory fitness in the population with different glucose metabolic statuses: low cardiorespiratory fitness increases the risk of early abnormal glucose metabolism
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Lanxiang , Jia Xiaojiao , Lu Qiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. This study aims to evaluate CRF in the population with different glucose metabolism and explore its relationship with early abnormal glucose metabolism.Method: A total of 93 participants were assigned to three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT); impaired glucose regulation (IGR); and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through OGTT. CPET was performed to evaluate CRF.Results and Conclusion: The anaerobic threshold (AT), oxygen uptake (VO2) and maximum VO2/kg in male participants, and the AT heart rate (HR), AT systolic blood pressure (Psys) and the maximum VO2/kg in female participants, were lower in the T2DM and IGR groups than in the NGT group. Regression analysis shows that the maximum VO2/kg and 1-min HR recovery of female 2-h blood glucose entered into the equation, the maximum VO2 of male participants was related to pre-diabetes and AT power was related to new-onset diabetes, the AT Psys of female participants was related to pre-diabetes and AT HR was related to new-onset diabetes. CRF was closely associated with 2-h blood glucose after glucose load and was an important risk factor for pre-diabetes and new-onset diabetes.
New Germinal Mutation of BRCA1 gene (c.829_832delAATA) in a Polish Patient with Breast/Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Ostrowska Malgorzata , Podlodowska Justyna , Sierocinska-Sawa Jadwiga , Wojcierowski Jacek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Determination of the BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation status in patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer is commonly performed using various molecular techniques. The use only of targeted PCR-based tests may not be sufficient, as not all possible variants are investigated. Quick and effective diagnosis in order to apply the appropriate treatment is extremely important. In the following study, we used next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques to identify novel pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Methods: In this study, material (blood and FFPE) collected from a 67-year-old patient with ovarian cancer was used. The presence of hereditary mutations characteristic for the Polish population was examined using Sanger sequencing. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene exons were amplified using the Devyser BRCA kit and sequenced on the Miniseq.Results: No germline mutations characteristic for the Polish population were detected. However,12 single nucleotide variants and 2 indels were identified. We found a new deleterious mutation of gene BRCA1 (c.829_832delAATA). To our knowledge, this mutation has not been reported yet in the Polish population and others. Conclusions: The use of the NGS technique increases the possibilities of detecting mutational changes in patients with ovarian and/or breast cancer. The frequency of somatic mutations in ovarian tumors is low (3% - 9%) but their detection may have therapeutic benefits due to the use of poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Quick determination of pathogenic variants is important to facilitate specific therapy in addition to the identification of familial predisposition to cancer.
Adopting and Implementing an Innovative Model to Organize Diabetes Care Within First Nations Communities: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Wozniak Lisa , Soprovich Allison , Johnson Jeffrey , Eurich Dean 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes care remains suboptimal in First Nations populations. Innovative and culturally relevant approaches are needed to promote systematic and proactive organization of diabetes care for people living with diabetes on-reserve in Canada. The RADAR model is one strategy to improve care: an integrated disease registry paired with an electronic health record for local community healthcare providers with remote care coordination. We qualitatively assessed adoption and implementation of RADAR in First Nations communities in Alberta to inform its potential spread in the province. Methods: We used the RE-AIM framework to evaluate adoption and implementation of RADAR in 6 First Nations communities. Using purposeful sampling, we recruited local healthcare providers and remote care coordinators involved in delivering RADAR to participate in telephone or in-person interviews at 6- and 24-months post-implementation. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and verified for accuracy. Data was analyzed using content analysis and managed using ATLAS.ti 8.Results: In total, we conducted 21 semi-structured interviews (6 at 6-months; 15 at 24-months) with 11 participants. Participants included 3 care coordinators and 8 local healthcare providers, including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and registered dietitians. We found that adoption of RADAR was influenced by leadership as well as appropriateness, acceptability, and perceived value of the model. In addition, we found that implementation of RADAR was variable across communities regardless of implementation supports and appropriate community-specific adaptations.Conclusions: The variable adoption and implementation of RADAR has implications for how likely it will achieve its anticipated outcomes. RADAR is well positioned for spread through continued appropriate community-based adaptations and by expanding the existing implementation supports, including dedicated human resources to support the delivery of RADAR and the provision of levels of RADAR based on existing or developed capacity among local HCPs.Trial registration: Not applicable to this qualitative assessment.
Feasibility of the New Zealand white Rabbit as an Animal Model for the Study of Biological Grafts in the Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions
Authors: Garcia Marta Peró , Arazo Laura Casani , Castells-Sala Cristina , Rodríguez Maria Pérez , Naranjo Maria Moga , Babot Josep Juan , DeLamo Leticia Alserawan , López-Chicón Patricia , Serrat Anna Vilarrodona , Maestro Lina Badimon , Roda Oriol Porta 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: to investigate the feasibility of the New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit to study human acellular dermal matrix (hADM) biomaterials in pelvic reconstructive surgery. Study design: 20 white female NZW rabbits were randomized into 2 groups, the experimental group (hADM graft) and the control group (Polypropylene graft; PP). In each animal, grafts were surgically implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal wall and in the vaginal submucosa layer for 180 days. The graft segments were then removed and the surgical and clinical results were analysed. Results: The main surgical challenges were: a) to obtain the adequate vaginal exposure and the maintenance of the integrity of the vaginal mucosa layer; b) to keep aseptic conditions; c) to locate and dissect the breast vein during abdominal surgery; and, d) to withdraw blood samples from the ear artery. The most abnormal findings during the explant surgery were found in the PP group (33% of vaginal mesh extrusion) in comparison with the hADM group (0% of vaginal graft extrusion), p=0.015. Interestingly, macroscopic observation indicated that the integration of the vaginal grafts was more common in the hADM group (40%) than in the PP group, in which the vaginal mesh was identified in 100% of the animals (p=0.014). Conclusions: The NZW rabbit is an excellent model to assess materials to be used as grafts for pelvic reconstructive surgery and vaginal surgery. Animals are easily managed during the procedures, including the surgical intervention and vaginal mucosa handling.
Successful Implementation of a National Ethiopian Ophthalmology Review Course
Authors: Ejigu Meseret , O’Banion Jacquelyn , Wu Fran , Allen Keri , Jarstad Allison , Nikpoor Neda , Oliva Matt , Adamu Liknaw , Erny Barbara , Abateneh Aemero , Ayalaew Allehone , Hagos Habtom , Admassu Fisseha , Delelegn Demoze 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Development of a national ophthalmology review course for the education of residents and use of a standardized international exam as a metric of resident knowledge and education.Methods: A 3 day review course for all Ethiopian ophthalmology residents, taught by visiting and local faculty, in preparation for the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) exam. The ICO exam serves as an external and standardizing measurement of residency curriculum and preparedness for clinical practice. The course and exam was provided free of cost to residents. Baseline knowledge was assessed with the ICO exam in 2017 and results compared with performance each year after the introduction of the review course. Results: Over 2 years of implementation, the resident passage rates of the basic sciences and optics and refraction exams increased by 10% and 28% and a 15% improvement in passage rate of the clinical sciences exam. These scores were significantly higher than international averages. Additionally, increasing numbers of residents were able to sit for the advanced exam with a passage rate of 67% in 2019 compared to the international passage rate of 56%.Conclusions: The implementation of a national review course is feasible and effective in enhacing the education of ophthalmology residents in Ethiopia. The review course and ICO exam serves as a key metric in the education of Ethiopian residents and their knowledge as it compares to their peers in other countries.
Clinical Determinants of Disease Progression in Patients with Beta-sarcoglycan Gene Mutations.
Authors: Marchetti Giulia , Valenti Luca , Torrente Yvan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2E (LGMD 2E), recently renamed as autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-4 (LGMDR4), is characterized by the lack of beta-sarcoglycan, normally expressed in skeletal muscles and cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that progressive respiratory and left ventricular (LV) failure in LGMDR4 could be associated to the age and interrelated phenomena of disease’s natural history. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the records of 26 patients with LGMDR4. Our primary objective was to compare the rates of decline among creatine phosphokinase (CPK) values, pulmonary function test (PFT) measures, and echocardiographic estimates and to relate them to patients’ age. Results: The rates of decline/year of CPK, PFTs and LV function estimates are significatively bound to age, with the LV ejection fraction (EF) being the strongest independent variable describing disease progression. Moreover, the rate of decline of CPK, PFTs and LV differed in patients grouped according to their genetic mutations, demonstrating a possible genotype-phenotype correlation. The parallel trend of decline in CPK, PFTs and EF values demonstrates the presence in LGMDR4 of a simultaneous and progressive deterioration in muscular, respiratory, and cardiac function.Conclusions: This study expands the current knowledge regarding the trend of CPK values and cardiac and respiratory impairment in patients with LGMDR4, to optimize the monitoring of these patients, to improve their quality of life and provide clinical indices capable of quantifying the effects of any new gene or drug therapy.
Failure Characteristics of W Straps Based on Field Observations and Laboratory Tests&nbsp;
Authors: Feng Xiaowei , Xue Fei , Wei Qun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
W straps are important surface supporting components. When they cooperate properly with inner supporting components, such as rock bolts and cable bolts, they can enhance the supporting effects and bridging bolting units with integrity. Unfortunately, relevant studies regarding this topic have not been extensively reported. In this study, the failure characteristics of the W strap in the field are discussed and different types of distortion are proposed. Followed by the detailed failure patterns of the strap, a possible mechanism and solution are hypothetically put forward, which are then both numerically and experimentally verified. Afterwards, a loading apparatus capable of examining the mechanical behaviours of the strap is designed, which can similarly recreate the loading environment of the strap to the situation in the engineering field. By virtue of the designed loading device, a series of failure patterns of the bolting system are presented, and the distortion degree of the strap is evaluated using a 3D scanning method. The major findings in this study are as follows: 1) a domed face plate is better than a square domed face plate; 2) the existence of a hole beneath the strap in engineering applications can easily induce failure; and 3) cracked but compacted gravel-like roof strata beneath the strap may not cause damage to the strap-bolt supporting system. These ideas present new understandings in terms of the working conditions of W straps in coal mine roadway supporting systems, and the results can be referred to by practitioners.
Clinical Features of Cluster Headache without Cranial Autonomic Symptoms: Results from a Prospective multicentre study
Authors: Chu Min Kyung , Kim Byung-Su , Chung Pil-Wook , Kim Byung-Kun , Lee Mi Ji , Park Jeong Wook , Ahn Jin-Young , Bae Dae Woong , Song Tae-Jin , Sohn Jong-Hee , Oh Kyungmi , Kim Daeyoung , Kim Jae-Moon , Kim Soo-Kyoung , Choi Yun-Ju , Chung Jae Myun , Moon Heui-Soo , Chung Chin-Sang , Park Kwang-Yeol , Cho Soo Jin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Although cranial autonomic symptoms are typical in cluster headache, some individuals with cluster headache show no cranial autonomic symptoms during their headache attacks. Probable cluster headache is a subtype of cluster headache that fulfils all but one of the five criteria for cluster headache. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and clinical features of cluster headache and probable cluster headache without cranial autonomic symptoms in comparison to those with cranial autonomic symptoms.Methods: We analysed data from the Korea Cluster Headache Registry, a prospective multicentre registry involving data from 16 hospitals.Results: Of the 216 participants with cluster headache and 26 with probable cluster headache, 19 (8.8%) and 7 (26.9%), respectively, did not have cranial autonomic symptoms. Participants with cluster headache without cranial autonomic symptoms exhibited less severe anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7 score, median [interquartile range], 2.0 [1.0-6.0] vs 8.0 [3.0-12.0], p = 0.001) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, 3.0 [1.0-7.0] vs 7.0 [3.0-11.0], p = 0.042) than those with cranial autonomic symptoms. Other clinical features, including headache intensity, daily headache frequency, attack duration, bout duration, and location of the pain, did not differ between participants with cluster headache with and without cranial autonomic symptoms. Headache intensity was less severe in participants with probable cluster headache without cranial autonomic symptoms than in those with cranial autonomic symptoms (numeric rating scale, 8.0 [7.0-8.0] vs 9.5 [8.0-10.0], p = 0.015).Conclusions: A significant proportion of participants with cluster headache and probable cluster headache did not have cranial autonomic symptoms. Some clinical features of cluster headache and probable cluster headache differed based on the presence of cranial autonomic symptoms.