bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant primary pulmonary meningioma with bone metastasis
Authors: Minami Yusuke , Sato Shingo , Koyanagi Hirotaka , Kinowaki Yuko 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Primary pulmonary meningioma is extremely rare and only &lt;45 cases have been reported since its first report by Kemnitz and Heinrich (Meningioma of lung: first report with light and electronmicroscopic findings. Ultrastruct. Pathol. 1982;3:359–65). Among these cases, only five cases were malignant or atypical. A 67-year-old female with primary pulmonary meningioma underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection of the left lower lobe a year before. She had been aware of left thigh pain for 9 months, then she was referred to our division. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography suspected multiple bone metastasis including frontal bone, mandible, left scapula, rib, vertebra, pubis, left femur and sternum. We performed a needle biopsy of the sternum. Histopathological diagnosis was metastasis of primary pulmonary meningioma, World Health Organization grade III. We treated her with denosumab and radiation therapy targeting the left femur. Two months after the treatment, the pain had decreased and she could walk with no cane. No case of malignant extracranial meningioma with bone metastasis have been reported.
Haemobilia in a previously stented hilar cholangiocarcinoma: successful haemostasis after the insertion of fcSEMS
Authors: Tien T , Tan Y C , Baptiste P , Tanwar S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Haemobilia describes blood loss from the biliary tract and classically presents as Quincke’s triad: upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), jaundice and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. We discuss the case of a 70-year-old male with a previously stented Bismuth 1 hilar cholangiocarcinoma who presented with haematemesis. He had a similar presentation a month ago where a forward viewing gastroscope identified fresh and altered blood in the distal stomach but no clear source of bleeding. During this admission, a side-viewing duodenoscope identified bleeding from the periampullary region, which was managed by inserting a fully covered self-expanding metal stent (fcSEMS) within his pre-existing uncovered SEMS to tamponade the haemorrhage. This case highlights the importance of using a side-viewing duodenoscope for patients with UGIB on a background of a stented cholangiocarcinoma and inserting a fcSEMS within an uncovered SEMS is feasible and effective in managing these patients.
A right atrial myxoma presenting with misleading features of acalculous cholecystitis
Authors: Lempesis Ioannis G , Naxaki Anna , Koukoufiki Eirini , Karagkouni Ioanna , Tzanatou Amalia , Tourtidou Calliroe , Avgerinos Peter C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Diffuse thickening, a layered appearance of the gallbladder wall and the accumulation of surrounding fluid are considered as sensitive and relatively specific imaging findings of gallbladder inflammation. In the absence of gallstones, the diagnosis of acalculous cholecystitis can be further supported by the presence of fever, epigastric pain, right upper abdominal quadrant (RUQ) tenderness on inspiration and elevated markers of inflammation. In this report, we describe a 35-year-old schoolteacher who presented with all of the above clinical, laboratory and imaging findings that were eventually attributed to gallbladder oedema and liver congestion (abdominal imaging and RUQ tenderness) caused by an atrial myxoma interfering, with the atrioventricular circulation of the right heart and causing constitutional manifestations (fever and elevated markers of inflammation).
Global Health with Justice: Controlling the Floodgates of the Upstream Determinants of Health through Evidence-Based Law
Authors: Coggon John , Gostin Lawrence O 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article introduces a special issue on the legal determinants of health, following the publication of the Lancet–O’Neill Institute of Georgetown University Commission’s report on the subject. We contextualize legal determinants as a significant and vital aspect of the social determinants of health, explain the work of the Lancet–O’Neill Commission and outline where consequent research will usefully be directed. We also introduce the papers that follow in the special issue, which together set out in greater detail the work of the Commission and critically engage with different aspects of the report and the application of its findings and recommendations.
Reforms and Redistribution: Disentangling the Egoistic and Sociotropic Origins of Voter Preferences
Authors: Bechtel Michael M , Liesch Roman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe economic effects of policy options help explain why individuals support some reforms while they oppose others. However, disentangling the egoistic and sociotropic origins of voter preferences has proven difficult. We conduct an experiment that details how a reform affects one’s personal income, the average income in the country, and different income groups. The results suggest that the causal effect of personal income changes on reform support is about twice the size of changes in a country’s income average. Voters specifically care about how reforms impact the poor, and this prosocial concern depends neither on their own income level nor on how a policy will affect them personally. These patterns characterize how voters evaluate the redistributive effects of generic economic policies, health care reforms, trade-policy decisions, and the policy platforms of candidates running for office.
Hard Marriage with Heavy Burdens: Organized Labor as Takeover Deterrents
Authors: Tian Xuan , Wang Wenyu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We examine how labor power affects a firm’s takeover exposure and merger gains. Using a regression discontinuity design that relies on “locally” exogenous variation in labor power generated by close-call union elections, we find that increased labor power significantly reduces a firm’s takeover exposure, reduces target offer premium and announcement returns, and prolongs deal completion duration. The results are stronger for more powerful and conflict-provoking unions. Bidders of unionized targets are experienced, are tough negotiators, and face fewer union threats by themselves. Our paper provides new insights into the real effects of shareholder-employee conflict regarding the market for corporate control. (JEL G34, G30, J51)
Received: February 9, 2019; editorial decision January 15, 2020 by Editor Isil Erel. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
The Pasts, Presents and Futures of AIDS, Norway (1983–1996)
Authors: Slagstad Ketil 
Published: February 2020

Summary
This article explores the Norwegian AIDS epidemic from a temporal perspective. It argues that interrogating the epidemic’s tempos and rhythms provides useful tools in writing the history of an epidemic by drawing on a wide array of material from its first decade. By using various theories of temporality and chronology, this article maps out three phases of the Norwegian AIDS epidemic. In the first phase (1983–85), the emergence of the first cases of AIDS threw the positive perception of medicine’s past into question and fundamentally challenged the notion of incessant medical progress. In the second phase (1985–87), as grim epidemiological prognoses were created and the general population was increasingly targeted, panic grew across Norwegian society. In the third phase (1987–96), as it was slowly realised that the initial prognoses would not materialise, the epidemic faded from the public imagination. With the unremembering of AIDS, HIV was turned into a chronic disease. The article argues that analysing past temporalities, like past pasts and past futures, provides insights into the presents of the past.
Arsenic Stimulates Myoblast Mitochondrial Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor to Impair Myogenesis
Authors: Cheikhi Amin , Anguiano Teresa , Lasak Jane , Qian Baoli , Sahu Amrita , Mimiya Hikaru , Cohen Charles C , Wipf Peter , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Barchowsky Aaron 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArsenic exposure impairs muscle metabolism, maintenance, progenitor cell differentiation, and regeneration following acute injury. Low to moderate arsenic exposures target muscle fiber and progenitor cell mitochondria to epigenetically decrease muscle quality and regeneration. However, the mechanisms for how low levels of arsenic signal for prolonged mitochondrial dysfunction are not known. In this study, arsenic attenuated murine C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and resulted in abnormal undifferentiated myoblast proliferation. Arsenic prolonged ligand-independent phosphorylation of mitochondrially localized epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a major driver of proliferation. Treating cells with a selective EGFR kinase inhibitor, AG-1478, prevented arsenic inhibition of myoblast differentiation. AG-1478 decreased arsenic-induced colocalization of pY845EGFR with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, as well as arsenic-enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell cycling. All of the arsenic effects on mitochondrial signaling and cell fate were mitigated or reversed by addition of mitochondrially targeted agents that restored mitochondrial integrity and function. Thus, arsenic-driven pathogenesis in skeletal muscle requires sustained mitochondrial EGFR activation that promotes progenitor cell cycling and proliferation at the detriment of proper differentiation. Collectively, these findings suggest that the arsenic-activated mitochondrial EGFR pathway drives pathogenic signaling for impaired myoblast metabolism and function.
Embryo transcriptome and miRNA analyses reveal the regulatory network of seed dormancy in Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Jia Zhichao , Zhao Beibei , Liu Sian , Lu Zhaogeng , Chang Bang , Jiang Huiru , Cui Hui , He Qingsong , Li Weixing , Jin Biao , Wang Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Seed dormancy is crucial for plant survival and prevents seed germination out of season. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of morphophysiological seed dormancy. Ginkgo biloba L. is one of the most ancient gymnosperms, and the completion of seed germination in this species requires cold and moist stratification. Here, we observed that at the mature seed stage, the embryo was not fully developed in G. biloba seeds. During dormancy stages, the length and weight of the embryo significantly increased, and nutrients accumulated in cotyledons. We further found that abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin and ethylene were integrated in the seed dormancy induction, maintenance and release processes, and GA biosynthesis and signaling transduction specifically act on dormancy release. Combining mRNA and miRNA analyses, we demonstrated that miRNA156 is involved in the regulation of morphophysiological dormancy. Our analyses revealed that G. biloba seed dormancy belongs to the ancestral morphophysiological dormancy type, which is not only regulated by the balance of ABA/GA, but also by other hormones associated with embryo morphological development, as well as genes related to embryo differentiation and development. These findings helped with elucidating the comprehensive regulatory network of morphophysiological dormancy in tree seeds.
Toward a resolution of the cosmopolitanBotryllus schlosserispecies complex (Ascidiacea, Styelidae): mitogenomics and morphology of clade E (Botryllus gaiae)
Authors: Brunetti Riccardo , Griggio Francesca , Mastrototaro Francesco , Gasparini Fabio , Gissi Carmela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBotryllus schlosseri is a model colonial ascidian and a marine invader. It is currently recognized as a species complex comprising five genetically divergent clades, with clade A globally distributed and clade E found only in Europe. This taxon has also been recently redescribed by designation of a clade A specimen as the neotype. To clarify the taxonomic status of clade E and its relationship to clade A, we examine the entire mitochondrial genome and study the morphology of clade E. The mitogenome of clade E has an identical gene order to clade A, but substantially differs in the size of several non-coding regions. Remarkably, the nucleotide divergence of clade A-clade E is incompatible with the intraspecies ascidian divergence, but similar to the congeneric one and almost identical to the divergence between species once considered morphologically indistinguishable (e.g. the pair Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767)-Ciona robusta Hoshino & Tokioka, 1967, and the pair Botrylloides niger Herdman, 1886-Botrylloides leachii (Savigny, 1816)). Clade E differs morphologically from the Botryllus schlosseri neotype mainly in the number and appearance of the stomach folds, and the shape of the anal opening, the first intestinal loop and the typhlosole. Our integrative taxonomical approach clearly distinguishes clade E as a species separate from Botryllus schlosseri, with unique morphological and molecular characters. Therefore, we here describe clade E as the new species Botryllus gaiae sp. nov.
Inhibition of Sphingosine Kinase 1 Attenuates Sepsis-induced Microvascular Leakage via Inhibiting Macrophage NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Mice
Authors: Zhong Ming , Wu Wei , Wang Yingqin , Mao Hailei , Song Jieqiong , Chen Song , Zhu Duming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is the overwhelming inflammatory response to infection, in which nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a crucial role. Shingosine-1-phosphate is reported to evoke NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is the major kinase that catalyzes bioactive lipid shingosine-1–phosphate formation and its role in sepsis remains uncertain. The authors hypothesize that SphK1 elicits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and exacerbates sepsis.

Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from septic patients and healthy volunteers to measure messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In mice, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Bone marrow–derived macrophages were prepared from C57BL/6J wild-type, Casp1
−/−, Nlrp3
−/− and SphK1
−/− mice. PF-543 was used as the specific inhibitor of SphK1. Mortality, peripheral perfusion, lung Evan’s blue dye index, lung wet/dry ratio, lung injury score, lung myeloperoxidase activity, NLRP3 activation, and function of endothelial adherens junction were measured.

Results

SphK1 mRNA expression was higher in cells from septic patients versus healthy volunteers (septic patients vs. healthy volunteers: 50.9 ± 57.0 fold change vs. 1.2 ± 0.1 fold change, P < 0.0001) and was positively correlated with IL-1β mRNA expression in these cells (r = 0.537, P = 0.012) and negatively correlated with PaO2/Fio
2 ratios (r = 0.516, P = 0.017). In mice that had undergone cecal ligation and puncture, the 5-day mortality was 30% in PF-543–treated group and 80% in control group (n = 10 per group, P = 0.028). Compared with controls, PF-543–treated mice demonstrated improved peripheral perfusion and alleviated extravascular Evan’s blue dye effusion (control vs. PF-543: 25.5 ± 3.2 ng/g vs. 18.2 ± 1.4 ng/g, P < 0.001), lower lung wet/dry ratio (control vs. PF-543: 8.0 ± 0.2 vs. 7.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.0001), descending lung injury score, and weaker lung myeloperoxidase activity. Inhibition of SphK1 suppressed caspase-1 maturation and interleukin-1β release through repressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and subsequently stabilized vascular endothelial cadherin through suppressing interleukin-1β–evoked Src-mediated phosphorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin.

Conclusions
SphK1 plays a crucial role in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and contributes to lung injury and mortality in mice polymicrobial sepsis.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Organizational and environmental factors associated with local multihospital systems: Precipitants for coordination?
Authors: Shay Patrick D. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Local multihospital systems (LMSs) commonly struggle to effectively coordinate across system members. Although a recent taxonomy of LMSs found the majority of systems to display lower levels of differentiation, integration, and coordination, some categories of LMS forms exhibited higher levels of integration and coordination.

Purpose
This study examines organizational and environmental factors associated with LMS forms displaying higher levels of integration and coordination.

Methodology/Approach
Applying a multitheoretical framework and drawing from sources including the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, Intellimed databases, and primary data collected from LMS communications, descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between LMS forms and varied organizational and environmental characteristics among LMSs in Florida, Maryland, Nevada, Texas, Virginia, and Washington.

Results
The results of analysis of variance, Games–Howell, and Fisher’s exact tests identified significant relationships between each of the five LMS categories and varying market, competitive, organizational, and operational factors. A multinomial logistic regression analysis also distinguished the three most common LMS forms according to organizational and environmental factors.

Conclusion
Recognizing the varied degrees of integration and coordination across LMSs today, the results point to several factors that may explain such variation, including market size and resources, local competitors and their forms, organizational size and ownership, patient complexity, and regulatory restrictions.

Practice Implications
With the continued promotion and development of innovative health care reform models and with the progressing expansion of care into outpatient sites and diverse settings, LMSs will continue to face greater pressure to integrate and coordinate services throughout the continuum of care across system components and service locations. Navigating the challenges of effective coordination requires administrators and policymakers to be cognizant of the organizational and environmental factors that may hinder or fuel coordination efforts across system components in local markets.
Professional faultlines and interprofessional differentiation in multidisciplinary team innovation: The moderating role of inclusive leadership
Authors: Mitchell Rebecca , Boyle Brendan 
Published: February 2020

Background
Interprofessional health care teams are increasingly employed to solve complex problems through innovative solutions. However, there is evidence that such teams are not always successful. The impact of profession and professional divides is likely to be particularly important in health care teams as team membership and contribution typically derive from member’s unique professional expertise. Yet, there remains a dearth of research exploring the role of professional faultlines in multidisciplinary teams. In an effort to address this research gap, we explore the role of professional faultlines in interprofessional team innovation.

Purpose
Drawing on faultline theory and learning from the sociology of the professions, this study develops and investigates a model of team innovation predicted by professional faultlines. More specifically, we propose that professional faultlines increase interprofessional differentiation within teams and, through this mediator, increase innovation, contingent on interprofessional inclusive leadership.

Methodology
We investigate our model and hypothesis using a cross-sectional correlational design. Survey data of 70 interprofessional health care teams is used to investigate our model.

Results
Support is found for our moderated mediation model. We find evidence that professional faultlines increase interprofessional differentiation, which, in turn, increases team innovation contingent on inclusive leadership.

Conclusion
Our study finding allows us to contribute to the evolving discussion on health care teams and team faultlines, particularly professional faultlines, and their role in team innovation.

Practice Implications
A number of strategies to increase innovation in interprofessional teams are indicated by our findings. In particular, the role of inclusive leadership is highlighted as a useful approach, particularly when profession aligns with biodemographic attributes, such as gender.
Concussive Symptoms Following Pediatric Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Yumul Joy Noelle , McKinlay Audrey , Than Martin , Anderson Vicki , Catroppa Cathy 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To determine the proportion of children with postconcussive symptoms (PCSs) and to explore the influence of noninjury and injury factors on parents' PCS report at 3 months postinjury.

Design:
A cross-sectional analysis of the 3-month postinjury data from a larger, prospective, longitudinal study.

Methods:
Parents and their child aged 2 to 12 years who presented at the emergency department with either a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or a superficial injury to the head (SIH) were recruited. Parents reported their child's symptoms at the time of injury and at 3 months postinjury. Child, family/parent, and injury characteristics were considered as potential predictors. Logistic regression was conducted to determine which factors increase the likelihood of parents' PCS report.

Results:
At 3 months postinjury, 30% and 13% of children in the mTBI and SIH groups exhibited 1 or more symptoms, respectively. On the other hand, 18% (mTBI) and 8% (SIH) continued to have ongoing problems when 2 or more symptoms were considered at follow-up. The final model, which included child's sex, injury group, number of symptoms at the time of injury, and parental stress, had a significant predictive utility in determining parents' report of 1 or more symptoms at follow-up. Only parental stress continued to be a significant predictor when considering 2 or more symptoms at 3 months postinjury.

Conclusions:
Children with mTBI have worse outcomes than children with SIH at follow-up, with parents more likely to report 1 or more ongoing symptoms if their children had an mTBI. Postinjury assessment of parental stress and ongoing symptom monitoring in young children with mTBI will allow for timely provision of support for the family.