bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of lower extremity neuropathy and artery disease on gait characteristics in type 2 diabetic individuals
Authors: Xu Lei , Zeng Hui , Shen Wenqi , Zhao Jungong , Shao Mingzhe , Zhao Jun , Chen Hua , Hu Hai , Esser Patrick , Dawes Helen , Liu Fang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

It is generally believed that gait characteristics of diabetic neuropathic patients differ from non-diabetic ones. However, it is still unclear whether these changes during walking could also be extended for different conditions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially diabetic individuals with lower extremity complications.
Methods

In this investigation, gait was examined among 1861 participants with or without T2DM from three study centers. Subjects with NGT(normal glucose tolerance) and IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) were taken as control groups, patients with T2DM were divided into 4 groups: DM (no chronic complications), DPN (DM complicated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy), LEAD (DM complicated with lower extremity artery disease) and DPN + LEAD. Analyses of variance were employed to verify possible differences of gait parameters between these groups.
Results

Results showed lowered cadence, increased step time and decreased walking speed in diabetes with lower extremity neural and/or vascular complications (all p < 0.05). Increased duty factor_double stance was displayed in participants with LEAD alone (32.51%, p < 0.05). And the results displayed lower SDA (1.32 vs. 1.57, p < 0.01) and SDB (0.38 vs. 0.51, p < 0.01) of subjects with both DPN and LEAD. All these indicated the subjects with diabetic lower extremity complications showed much more conservative gait pattern. Stepwise multivariate regression models showed that independent variables were sex, age and leg length (p < 0.01). While, VPT was listed as significant independent predictor of cadence, step time, SDA and SDB (p < 0.05). And ABI was documented as significant independent predictor of stride length, duty-factor_Double stance, SDA and SDB (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between decreased stride length and the lowest ABI group (OR = 112.19, 95% CI: 3.11- 4040.13, p = 0.01). ROC analysis showed a significant discriminatory power of step time for occurrence of DPN. The AUC value was 0.752 (95% CI: 0.721–0.782, p < 0.01) .
Conclusions

In total, the cut-off point was 526.13 ms for predicting DPN. Maybe, this non-invasive and non-irritating gait examination could be an alternative measurement that could help distinguish diabetic neuropathy conveniently.
¿Does ACL reconstruction have any influence in meniscal repair?. Sports return, quality of life and failure rate. 2-12 years follow up.
Authors: Rodríguez-Roiz Juan Miguel , Sastre-Solsona Sergi , Popescu Dragos , Burillo Jordi Montañana , Aleu Andrés Combalia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: few studies have approach inlong term follow up of meniscal repair at amateur level, specially studying variables as quality of life and failure rate. We study mediumlongterm clinical results in amateur sports patients, that have required meniscal sutures at our centre, with or without ACL reconstruction. We evaluate the objective function of the knee, as well as patients’ return to sports activities, quality of life and the rate of failed repair and study of the possible reasons. Methods: this was an observational retrospective study, 92 patients were assesed who required a meniscal repair in our centre from april 2007 until april 2018, who regularly perform amateur sports activities (Tegner 4 to 7), minimum follow-up period of 2 years, divided into 2 groups: group 1 isolated meniscal suture (43 cases), group 2 associated to ACL reconstruction (49 cases). Each patient made this tests in 2019: Lysholm andTegner (validated for spanish) before the meniscal injury and after the surgical procedure, motivation to return to sports activity (Likert scale with 3 items: low, regular or high), quality of life (through SF-12 test). Results: high return to amateur sports rate (92%), which was even higher in the isolated meniscal repair group in comparison to the group with associated ACL, at a minimun follow-up of 2 years. We have not found statistically significant differences between sports return and: age, gender, injured meniscus, chondral injuries, preoperative Tegner score, or motivation. No significant differences in physical or mental health fields between both groups. Meniscal repair failed in 12 patients (13%,)and they finally required a partial meniscectomy, as complications just one debridement for superficial infection of ACL donor zone. Higher rate of failure in isolated bucket-handle tear injuries (p<0.0062). No statistically significant association were found between the other variables studied. Conclusions: 92% of sports return and low meniscal repair failure rate, even lower when is associated to ACL reconstruction.
Emergency contraception use in young Norwegian women The role of social background, sexual history, and risk behaviors
Authors: Kvalem Ingela Lundin , Mannsverk Ingrid Grov , NILSEN WENDY 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Emergency contraception use has received little attention compared to other contraceptives (e.g., condoms), despite increased use in most western countries. The present study aims to examine individual risk behavior and social characteristics of adolescent emergency contraception use of women in late adolescence, a key developmental stage for risky sexual behaviors.
Methods

A total of 214 young women (ages 18–20) from the community-based “Tracking Opportunities and Problems in Childhood and Adolescence” study self-reported their contraceptive use, sexual history (debut age, number of partners, sexually transmitted infections, abortions), risk behaviors (externalizing behavior, alcohol use), and social factors (living arrangements, educational status). Their mothers reported the young women’s socioeconomic background (family economy, education). Differences were tested between groups that had never used emergency contraception, used it once, and used it many times.
Results

Over half of the sample had used emergency contraception. Emergency contraception users were a heterogeneous group. Multi-time users of emergency contraception reported to have had more unprotected drunk sex than those having used emergency contraception once or never, and they were younger when they first had sexual intercourse and had more sexual partners (both in their lifetime and in the last year) than those who had never used emergency contraception. Emergency contraception use did not differ in relation to social background, regular contraception use, or consequences of unprotected sex.
Conclusions

This is one of the few studies examining characteristics of groups based on different types of emergency contraception use history in a community sample of women in their late adolescence. Findings revealed significant differences in the profiles of multi-time, one-time, and non-users of emergency contraception in some factors, but no difference between groups based on regular contraception use. The findings can provide researchers, practitioners, and policy makers with a more nuanced perspective of emergency contraception users, thus strengthening counseling and planning prevention efforts.
A survey of the organization, preparation and workload of the medical aid teams sent to Wuhan in China during Covid-19 epidemic
Authors: Zhong Jing , Sun Xingfeng , Sun Minli , Liang Peng , Ge Feng , Fei Min , Ling Xiaomin , Liang Chao , Luo Zhe , Miao Changhong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The 2020 Covid-19 epidemic challenged China’s mechanisms for public health team mobilization to control outbreaks. As of March 8th, 346 non-military Medical Aid Teams (MATs) and 42,600 team members have been sent to Hubei Province from other regions in China. This study aims to review the organization and perspectives of the MATs sent to Wuhan during Covid-19 epidemic.Methods: The organization, preparation and workload of doctors and nurses in each MAT were reviewed via a Web-based survey filled by the MATs leaders. The perspectives of the MATs members were investigated via an independent Web-based survey. Results were reported as numbers and percent. The qualitative data was analyzed using thematic content analysis.Results: The leaders of nine MATs from six provinces or municipality participated in the first survey. In the second survey, 512 valid questionnaires including 142 doctors and 370 nurses were collected. The average number of members in a MAT was 138. Each MAT included pulmonary physicians and ICU doctors. The percentage of nurses varied from 60% to 80%. The staffing of MATs was suggested to be optimized. Before going to Wuhan, 32% of participants are members of the Medical Emergency Team in hospital. 91% of the MAT members received pre-service training. Two most important trainings were nosocomial infection control and self-protective measures. The average stay of MATs in Wuhan was 51 days. The lack of medical materials supply was considered as the most important factor that negatively affected organizational MATs efficiency. Psychological counseling for the members of MATs needs to be strengthened.Conclusion: The MATs sent to Wuhan from tertiary hospitals in other regions in China were organized and prepared to fight Covid-19 epidemic. The staffing of MATs needs to be optimized. The lack of medical materials supply was considered as the most important factor that negatively affected organizational MATs efficiency. Psychological counseling was considered to be in need of strengthening.
Homocysteine Promotes Migration of Adventitial Fibroblasts via Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor Activation to Aggravate Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhu Zhibo , Hao Xiangyu , Li Tianxiang , Guo Jianqiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms of HHcy-induced arteriosclerosis are largely unknown. Objective:To clarify the effect of Hcy on adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) and its relation with angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R).Method:The apolipoprotein E gene-deficient mice (Apoe−/−) were used as the murine model for atherosclerosis. HHcy was induced and treated by feeding them 1.5% methionine and telmisartan (gavage 10 mg/kg/d) for 12 weeks, respectively. The AFs and HEK293A cells transfected with the AT1R plasmid were used to investigate the interaction between Hcy and AT1R. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA or repeated measurement ANOVA.Results:HHcy aggravated the plaque area of the aortic root and increased the expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and the macrophage marker Mac3 in the plaque and adventitia of the aorta, whereas telmisartan improved this effect. Hyperhomocysteinemia induced the occurrence of the AFs marker protein ER-TR7 in the plaque and the entire layer of the aorta, whereas telmisartan also improved this effect, indicating that hyperhomocysteinemia induced AFs migration and that AT1R mediated this process. Hcy increased the production of AFs H2O2, ROS, and IL-6 of AFs, indicating that Hcy activated the oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, which may induce cell migration. The subsequent scratch and transwell experiments confirmed that Hcy induced the AFs migration and that telmisartan inhibited this effect. Hcy increased the expression of AFs AT1R and the phosphorylation levels of PKC and ERK1/2 in the AF and HEK293A cells transfected with the AT1R plasmid, whereas telmisartan inhibited this effect, indicating that Hcy activated AT1R intracellular signaling pathway.Conclusion:Hcy promoted adventitial inflammation, induced AFs migration, and aggravated atherosclerosis by activating AT1R.
The protective role of Professional Self-Concept and Job Embeddedness on Nurses’ Burnout: Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: goliroshan soghra , Nobahar Monir , Raeisdana Nayyereh , ebadinejad zahra , Aziznejadroshan parvin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and aim: Job embeddedness and professional self-concept are among the important nursing components, the existence of which help decrease occupational burnout among nurses. This study aimed to determine the protective role of Professional Self-concept and Job embeddedness on nurses’burnout. Methods: This descriptive, correlational study had a predictive design and was conducted on nurses working in training and healthcare centers of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2019. In total, 308 nurses were selected by stratified random sampling. In addition, data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire, Professional Self-concept questionnaire, Job embeddedness scale and nurses’ burnout questionnaire. Moreover, data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19 and LISREL version 8.54 using correlational statistics and structural equation modeling. Findings: The results showed, there was a significant, negative relationship between Professional Self-concept and nurses’ burnout (a regression coefficient of -0.77). Meanwhile, an insignificant negative association was found between Job embeddedness and burnout (a regression coefficient of -0.07). The Job embeddedness and self-concept explained 33% of the variance in nurses’ burnout. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, Professional Self-concept had an effective role in nurses’ burnout. In other words, the higher the Professional Self-concept of nurses, the lower their burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that effective interventional strategies be designed by nursing managers through better planning and a supportive workplace be established to improve Professional Self-concept among nurses and decrease their burnout.
Effect of Education Based on the Health Belief Model on Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Female Victims of Sexual Assault
Authors: Khakbazan Zohreh , Mehdizadeh Arezu , Azimi Khadijeh , Mirmohammadali Mandana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Preventing sexually transmitted diseases is one of the main needs of the victims of sexual assault which their risks could be restricted by providing education to the victims. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of education based on the Health Belief Model on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in female victims of sexual assault.Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted at the forensics center of Babol. Samples were selected randomly and included 70 eligible women and girls who had complained of sexual assault. The intervention group was educated during a half an hour session based on the Health Belief Model with phone follow-up and educational pamphlets; the control group received routine care from the forensic center. Information was gathered at two stages before and after the intervention and then was analyzed.Results: Comparing the intervention and the control groups after the education showed a significant difference in perceived sensitivity and intensity (p = 0.001), perceived benefits (p = 0.04), perceived barriers (p = 0.001), and the performance of complained women and girls after sexual assault in preventing sexually transmitted diseases (p = 0.001).Conclusions: Education based on the Health Belief Model was effective on preventing sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, it is recommended that this model would be used for the education of sexual assault victims for preventing sexually transmitted diseases.Trial registration: IRCT 2014101413542N3
Hypertension but Not Heart Failure or Coronary Artery Disease is Associated With Mental Disorders
Authors: Namdar Hossein , Jamshidi Fatemeh , Ezzati Davoud , Zakeri raana , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous studies have emphasized the significant association between depression, anxiety, and stress and hypertension (HTN), heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, among included patients with HF or CAD in those studies, there were considerable proportions of patients with concomitant HTN and vice versa leading to some possible bias in final estimations. Therefore, we aimed to exclude those patients with concomitant diseases and reassess the association between these three prevalent cardiovascular diseases with three important psychological disorders.
Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 300 patients were evaluated, including 100 with HTN (without a history or concomitant HF or CAD), 100 with HF (without HTN or CAD), and 100 with CAD (without HTN or HF). Moreover, 100 healthy volunteers were considered as the control group. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 was used to measure the magnitude of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Result

The average scores of 4.6, 9.1, 3.7, and 4.4 for depression, 3.9, 11.1, 4.1, and 3.6 for anxiety and 6.5, 13.6, 5.2, and 5.4 for stress were detected in control, HTN, CAD, and HF groups, respectively. The depression, anxiety, and stress scores of HTN group were significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05), CAD (p < 0.05) and HF (p < 0.05) groups; this is while these scores were not significantly different between other study groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion

Our study demonstrated a significantly higher magnitude of psychological disorders in patients with HTN. However, their magnitude in patients with HF and CAD without concomitant HTN were similar to those in healthy participants.
Inhibitory Effects of the Spore-forming Bacillus spp. on the Expression Levels of eae, luxS, flu, and ctxM Genes in E. coli Isolates
Authors: baserisalehi majid , Ghane Masood , elahian zahra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Escherichia coli infections are one of the major health problems in many countries. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has complicated the treatment of infections caused by this microorganism. Today, researchers are focusing on novel approaches for the treatment of E. coli infections among which is using spore-forming probiotics for their high stability in the harsh gastrointestinal (GIT) environment. Results: This study screened the potential of B. coagulans and B. subtilis to inhibit the expression of flu, eae, luxS, and ctxM genes in 40 E. coli isolated from a total of 300 fecal samples of patients suffering from diarrhea from August 2018 to January 2019. For this purpose, first the presence of these genes was confirmed in the isolates using the PCR method. Then, the standard strains and broiler-derived B. subtilis and B. coagulans were used to screen their ability to tolerate low pH, bile salts, and gastric enzymes. After confirming their ability to survive under the simulant gastric environment, they were cocultured with E. coli isolates (n=4) harboring all the flu, eae, luxS, and ctxM genes. After reaching the logarithmic growth phase, the expression levels of flu, eae, luxS, and ctxM genes were determined using the real-time PCR methods. According to the results, there was a statistically significant relationship between the exposure of E. coli with commercial and broiler-derived spore-forming probiotics and the reduced expression of these genes. Conclusion: The broiler-derived isolates had a greater capacity to decrease the expression of these genes compared to the standard strains, proposing their adoption for dietary supplementations. However, more studies are required to study the effects of these spore-forming bacteria on E. coli infections in vivo and their possible influence on lactose tolerance, nutritional absorption, and reduced cholesterol levels.
Association of a novel missense mutation in MYO15A with nonsyndromic hearing loss: a case report
Authors: Wang Siji , Chen Ziqi , Dai Jiaqiu , Ouyang Xi , Zhu Lin , Xiang Changchao , Yu Fengghui , Kang Houyong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Hearing loss is a common disease globally, and more than 50% of the cases are genetic. Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is one of the most common types of hereditary hearing loss. Here, a novel MYO15A missense mutation was identified in a Chinese family with ARNSHL, using targeted genetic sequencing and Sanger sequencing.
Case presentation:

A 6-year-old girl with congenital nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness was presented from the First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China. We used targeted region sequencing, Sanger sequencing, functional prediction, and three-dimensional protein structure modeling to identify and verify the genes responsible for deafness in the family.
Conclusions

We found pathogenic compound heterozygous mutations in MYO15A, including a novel missense mutation, c.6353T > C (p.Leu2118Pro). It could provide help not only for genetic counseling but also for further understanding of the functional role of MYO15A mutations.
Characterization of Clostridioides difficile strains, the disease severity and the microbial changes they induce
Authors: Rohana Hanan , Azrad Maya , Nitzan Orna , Adler Amos , Koren Omry , Peretz Avi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the global incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection has increased dramatically, with the emergence of hyper-virulent strains. The characteristics of the different strains, the severity of the disease they cause, their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and the changes they inflict on the gut microbiome, have not yet been comprehensively studied.
Results
Using Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST) analysis, the different sequence types (STs) of 70 clinical isolates were determined. The most frequent strains were ST04 (22.5%), ST37 (12.7%), ST104 (8.5%), ST42 (7%), and ST02 (7%). The different STs were divided to different phylogenetic lineages (clades), with clade 1 forming the majority of cases (81.4%, 57/70). A significant correlation was found between ST and age (p = 0.024); patients with ST104 (n = 6) were of the lowest mean age (61.67 ± 18.8 years), while patients with ST37 (n = 9) were of the oldest mean age (79.67 ± 10.6 years). In addition, a significant correlation between ST and susceptibility to moxifloxacin was identified (p = 0.001); 15 ST04 isolates (93.7%, n = 16) were resistant, while all ST42 (n = 5) and ST104 isolates (n = 6) were sensitive. Significant correlations were found between clade and binary toxin gene presence (p = 0.002), with 93% of the isolates belonging to clade 1 lacking the gene. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between clade and susceptibility to both metronidazole and vancomycin (p = 0.024, p = 0.035, respectively). Differences in intestinal microbiome were affected by age, clade distribution and ST.
Conclusions
By defining the characteristics of the different strains and clades, clinicians can choose medical interventions based on the predicted response or disease severity associated with each strain, enabling new advances in the field of personalized medicine.
Mediation of the salicylic acid pathway by ROS1 in response to abiotic stresses
Authors: Yang Liping , Jin Taicheng , Wu Yanju , Lang Chenjing , Meng Dawei , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in the growth and development of plants and in response to various abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule that is synthesized by plants and induces the expression of defense genes. In this paper, we investigated the epigenetic regulation mechanism by which an upstream regulator ACD6 in the SA pathway, ABA pathway-related gene ACO3 , and stress resistance gene GSTF14 in response to various abiotic stresses. The results demonstrated that abiotic stresses, including drought, cold, and salt stresses, induced the demethylation of the repeats in the promoters of ACD6 , ACO3 , and GSTF14 and transcriptionally activated their expression. Furthermore, our results revealed that transcriptional activation of ACD6 and GSTF14 was mainly dependent on ROS1-mediated DNA demethylation when Arabidopsis plants under cold stress, suggesting that ROS1 plays an important role in the process of defense genes in the SA pathway and stress resistance gene GSTF14 in response to abiotic stresses.