bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic analysis and chemical bond breakage of bagasse pyrolysis process
Authors: Van Nam Huynh , Viet Dinh Quoc , Tam Truong Thanh , Tho Van Dinh Son 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present study, thermogravimetric analysis was used for investigation a bagasse pyrolysis. Multi‐period models were applied for evaluation of kinetics parameter based on the TG curve. The decomposition bagasse process was undergone four periods via the breakdown of each different chemical component in a sample. The dehydration occurred below 170°C; hemicellulose primarily and cellulose partially decomposed in a range of 170 to 318°C and cellulose continuously decomposed from 318 to 400°C. The temperature range of 400‐700°C for the last period showed the evidence of lignin decomposition. The study also identified activation energy constant (Ea), the pre‐exponential factor (A) and reaction order (n) for each period of pyrolysis process. The dependence of the breakdown of the specific chemical bond on the pyrolysis temperature was also proven by FTIR spectrum analysis.
Activated carbon with hierarchical porosity derived from biomass for lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Tung Mai Thanh , Luong Vu Duc , Trang Pham Minh , Tuyen Le Van , Thuy Hoang Thi Bich , Wu Nae‐Lih 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHighly porous activated carbon (RHAC) with micro/meso porosity has been synthesized through carbonizing rice husk and activating by K2CO3. Elemental sulfur has been loaded to the micropores through a solution infiltration method to form RHAC@S nanocomposite. The resulted RHAC@S nanocomposite with 0.25 and 0.38 mg.cm−1 of sulfur loading have been tested as novel cathodes for Li‐S batteries. The 0.25 mg.cm−1 sulfur loading sample shows an initial discharge capacity of 1080 mA.h.g−1 at 167.5 mA g−1. After 50 cycles of charge/discharge test at the current density of 0.2C, the reversible capacity maintains at 312 mA.h.g‐1. The material has delivered a capacity of more than 300 mA.h.g−1 at 284.75 mA g−1. These results suggest that the rice husk is a good candidate for large‐scale production of activated carbon, which is a promising material for cathode of Li‐S batteries.
Gravity edges modes and Hayward term
Authors: Takayanagi Tadashi , Tamaoka Kotaro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We argue that corner contributions in gravity action (Hayward term) capture the essence of gravity edge modes, which lead to gravitational area entropies, such as the black hole entropy and holographic entanglement entropy. We explain how the Hayward term and the corresponding edge modes in gravity are explained by holography from two different viewpoints. One is an extension of AdS/CFT to general spacetimes and the other is the AdS/BCFT formulation. In the final part, we explore how gravity edge modes and its entropy show up in string theory by considering open strings stuck to a Rindler horizon.
On the extremality bound of stringy black holes
Authors: Cano Pablo A. , Ortín Tomás , Ramírez Pedro F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A mild version of the weak gravity conjecture (WGC) states that extremal black holes have charge-to-mass ratio larger or equal than one when higher-curvature interactions are taken into account. Since these corrections become more relevant in the low-mass regime, this would allow the decay of extremal black holes in terms of energy and charge conservation. Evidence in this direction has been mainly given in the context of corrections to Einstein-Maxwell theory. Here we compute corrections to the charge-to-mass ratio of some dyonic extremal black holes explicitly embedded in the heterotic string effective theory. We find that modifications of the extremality bound depend on the solution considered, with the charge-to-mass ratio remaining unchanged or deviating positively from one. Additionally, we observe that the introduction of the higher-curvature terms increases the Wald entropy in all cases considered, whose variation does not seem to be correlated with the charge-to-mass ratio, contrary to the situation in Einstein-Maxwell theory.
Compatibility of two predator species for biological control of the two-spotted spider mite
Authors: Fonseca Morgana Maria , Pallini Angelo , Marques Pedro Hermano , Lima Eraldo , Janssen Arne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBecause predators may interfere with each other, an important step towards the implementation of successful release of multiple predators in biocontrol programs requires resolving how predators respond to the presence of heterospecific competitors. Several species of predatory mites are important biocontrol agents and the species Phytoseiulus macropilis and Neoseiulus californicus are used to control the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, an important pest in agriculture worldwide. We investigated their compatibility showing that the two predators do not avoid plants on which the other species is present together with their common prey, and demonstrated that their oviposition rates are not affected by the presence of the other species. However, the distribution of the eggs on leaf discs was affected by the presence of the heterospecific predator. This behaviour might weaken possible interference between these two biocontrol agents, which, in turn, may enable their persistence on plants and favour pest suppression. The increased joint use of several natural enemies for biological control highlights the importance of studies on predator–predator interactions.
Assessing the effects of payments for ecosystem services programs on forest structure and species biodiversity
Authors: Chen Hsiang Ling , Lewison Rebecca L. , An Li , Tsai Yu Hsin , Stow Douglas , Shi Lei , Yang Shuang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobally, biodiversity has declined at an unprecedented rate, challenging the viability of ecosystems, species, and ecological functions and their corresponding services. Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs have been established and implemented worldwide to combat the degradation or loss of essential ecosystems and ecosystem services without sacrificing the well-being of people. With an overarching goal of reducing soil erosion, China’s Grain-to-Green program (GTGP) converts cropland to forest or grassland. As one of the largest PES programs in the world, GTGP has great potential to offer biodiversity conservation co-benefits. To consider how GTGP may influence biodiversity, we measured forest structure and plant and wildlife species diversity at both GTGP forest and natural forest sites in Fangjingshan National Nature Reserve, China. We also evaluated the relationship between canopy cover and biodiversity measures to test whether forest cover, the most commonly measured and reported ecological metric of PES programs, might act as a good proxy for other biodiversity related parameters. We found that forest cover and species diversity increased after GTGP implementation as understory and overstory plant cover, and understory and midstory plant diversity at GTGP sites were similar to natural forest. Our results suggest that GTGP may also have been associated with increased habitat for protected and vulnerable wildlife species including Elliot’s pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti), hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Nevertheless, we identified key differences between GTGP forest and natural forest, particularly variation in forest types and heterogeneity of overstory vegetation. As a result, plant overstory diversity and wildlife species richness at GTGP forest were significantly lower than at natural forest. Our findings suggest, while forest cover may be a good proxy for some metrics of forest structure, it does not serve as a robust proxy for many biodiversity parameters. These findings highlight the need for and importance of robust and representative indicators or proxy variables for measuring ecological effects of PES programs on compositional and structural diversity. We demonstrate that PES may lead to biodiversity co-benefits, but changes in program implementation could improve the return on investment of PES programs to support conservation of biodiversity.
Exploring teachers’ increased knowledge of the potential of mobile phone use: pilot study reducing the difference between students’ and teachers’ ideas
Authors: Lindell Tiina Leino 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been emphasized that students and teachers have dissimilar ideas about how mobile phone use could be utilized and limited. Moreover, these differences have been identified as a crucial problem that has caused conflicts in education. In order to resolve the problem, research has stressed that it is very important to increase teachers’ knowledge about how mobile phones can be used in students’ work. However, the topic of how teachers could increase their understanding related to students’ ideas has remained largely unexamined. Thus, this pilot study explores the following research questions using cultural-historical activity theory and qualitative methods: How is teachers’ possibility knowledge influenced when they are exposed to students’ ideas about how mobile phones could be both supportive and problematic in school activities? What are the similarities and differences between the students’ ideas that have, and have not, influenced the teachers’ possibility knowledge of mobile phone use? The results show how the teachers’ possibility knowledge increases concerning the features that could be both supportive and problematic and must be limited by rules and a division of labor. Moreover, it transpires that the teachers’ possibility knowledge is not always affected. It appears that the teachers’ understanding is influenced if they can relate the students’ ideas to the teachers’ division of labor. These results could be used by schools to resolve problems caused by the different ideas of students and teachers regarding mobile phone use. The results could also be used when implementing mobile phones in educational research.
A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Ribera Arnau , Bai Yuling , Wolters Anne-Marie A. , van Treuren Rob , Kik Chris 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach as a comprehensive review of these crop aspects is currently unavailable. It is shown that the availability of genetic resources of wild relatives belonging to the primary gene pool is currently very limited, which hampers breeding and research activities. Therefore, new collecting expeditions are clearly warranted. The domestication of spinach is discussed on the basis of its presumed migration routes and the traits that were probably involved in the domestication syndrome. Spinach is thought to have domesticated in former Persia. Migration then occurred eastwards to China and westwards to Europe, but additional genetic data are needed to reveal the most likely migration routes. Morphological changes in pistillate flowers and loss of dormancy are identified as the main traits involved in the domestication syndrome of spinach. To a large extent we could re-construct the relationships between spinach cultivars that were developed until the 1950s, but this appeared difficult for the more recent cultivars due to intellectual property protection by breeding companies. Resistance against downy mildew has been the main breeding target in spinach. The introgression of NBS-LRR resistance genes from wild relatives is the major strategy to develop downy mildew resistant cultivars. However, the use of loss-of-function alleles of susceptibility genes may provide a more durable strategy to develop resistant cultivars. So far, abiotic resistance and quality traits have received minor attention in spinach research and breeding. This is expected to change considering the potential effects of climate change on these traits.
Long-time large-distance asymptotics of the transverse correlation functions of the XX chain in the spacelike regime
Authors: Göhmann Frank , Kozlowski Karol K. , Suzuki Junji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe derive an explicit expression for the leading term in the long-time, large-distance asymptotic expansion of a transverse dynamical two-point function of the XX chain in the spacelike regime. This expression is valid for all nonzero finite temperatures and for all magnetic fields below the saturation threshold. It is obtained here by means of a straightforward term-by-term analysis of a thermal form factor series, derived in previous work, and demonstrates the usefulness of the latter.
Multibody modeling for concept-level floating offshore wind turbine design
Authors: Lemmer Frank , Yu Wei , Luhmann Birger , Schlipf David , Cheng Po Wen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExisting Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) platforms are usually designed using static or rigid-body models for the concept stage and, subsequently, sophisticated integrated aero-hydro-servo-elastic models, applicable for design certification. For the new technology of FOWTs, a comprehensive understanding of the system dynamics at the concept phase is crucial to save costs in later design phases. This requires low- and medium-fidelity models. The proposed modeling approach aims at representing no more than the relevant physical effects for the system dynamics. It consists, in its core, of a flexible multibody system. The applied Newton–Euler algorithm is independent of the multibody layout and avoids constraint equations. From the nonlinear model a linearized counterpart is derived. First, to be used for controller design and second, for an efficient calculation of the response to stochastic load spectra in the frequency-domain. From these spectra the fatigue damage is calculated with Dirlik’s method and short-term extremes by assuming a normal distribution of the response. The set of degrees of freedom is reduced, with a response calculated only in the two-dimensional plane, in which the aligned wind and wave forces act. The aerodynamic model is a quasistatic actuator disk model. The hydrodynamic model includes a simplified radiation model, based on potential flow-derived added mass coefficients and nodal viscous drag coefficients with an approximate representation of the second-order slow-drift forces. The verification through a comparison of the nonlinear and the linearized model against a higher-fidelity model and experiments shows that even with the simplifications, the system response magnitude at the system eigenfrequencies and the forced response magnitude to wind and wave forces can be well predicted. One-hour simulations complete in about 25 seconds and even less in the case of the frequency-domain model. Hence, large sensitivity studies and even multidisciplinary optimizations for systems engineering approaches are possible.
Young Students’ Reasoning About Ecosystems: the Role of Systems Thinking, Knowledge, Conceptions, and Representation
Authors: Mambrey Sophia , Schreiber Nico , Schmiemann Philipp 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRegarding future ecological challenges, it is highly relevant for students to understand the processes within ecosystems and the effects of external influences on their conservation. Since ecosystems are complex, difficulties in learning are often examined from a systems thinking perspective. However, challenges also arise in other areas, particularly in the application of knowledge, conceptions, and exploration of conventionalized representations of ecosystems. Hence, we aim to determine the factors that influence reasoning about ecosystems and how they interact. We conducted a thinking-aloud study with 20 students aged between nine and 12 years while reviewing a food chain ecosystem. Our results indicated that students’ reasoning was based on mixed reasoning originating from their systems thinking skills, knowledge, conceptions, and individual understanding of the ecosystem’s representation. Further, they revealed that students referred to these factors according to the individual cognitive requirements of the systems thinking skills performed and independently of their age and systems thinking abilities. Additionally, students partially demonstrated complex levels of systems thinking, but their assumptions about systems elements and relationships did not support scientific conventions. Our results indicated that systems thinking was largely guided by systems-specific patterns, as basic assumptions about systems elements and relationships played a major role in reasoning about ecosystems at all levels of systems thinking. We assume that identifying systems characteristics with the identified factors of systems-specific knowledge, conceptions, and representations are an effective blueprint for investigating challenging patterns in students’ understanding of ecosystems and advances knowledge on how systems properties influence students’ reasoning during systems thinking.
Genetics of ADHD: What Should the Clinician Know?
Authors: Grimm Oliver , Kranz Thorsten M. , Reif Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows high heritability in formal genetic studies. In our review article, we provide an overview on common and rare genetic risk variants for ADHD and their link to clinical practice.

Recent findings
The formal heritability of ADHD is about 80% and therefore higher than most other psychiatric diseases. However, recent studies estimate the proportion of heritability based on singlenucleotide variants (SNPs) at 22%. It is a matter of debate which genetic mechanisms explain this huge difference. While frequent variants in first mega-analyses of genome-wideassociation study data containing several thousand patients give the first genome-wide results, explaining only little variance, the methodologically more difficult analyses of rare variants are still in their infancy. Some rare genetic syndromes show higher prevalence for ADHD indicating a potential role for a small number of patients. In contrast, polygenic risk scores (PRS) could potentially be applied to every patient. We give an overview how PRS explain different behavioral phenotypes in ADHD and how they could be used for diagnosis and therapy prediction.

Summary
Knowledge about a patient’s genetic makeup is not yet mandatory for ADHD therapy or diagnosis. PRS however have been introduced successfully in other areas of clinical medicine, and their application in psychiatry will begin within the next years. In order to ensure competent advice for patients, knowledge of the current state of research is useful forpsychiatrists.
The dynamics of entry for digital platforms in two-sided markets: a multi-case study
Authors: Veisdal Jørgen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivating buyers and sellers to join an empty platform is thought to be a key challenge for firms attempting to launch digital platforms in two-sided markets. According to predictions from extant literature, ’no one joins until everyone joins’. The phenomenon is often referred to as the “chicken-and-egg problem”. This study investigates the phenomenon in an exploratory multi-case study of ten startup technology firms operating digital platforms in two-sided markets. The study finds that the firms entered their markets using a variety of strategies distinguishable by strategic, relational and temporal factors. A conceptual framework is proposed which distinguishes the firms’ strategies along these dimensions. In addition, a cross-case discussion of the dynamics of the firms’ strategies is provided. Deductively, the findings contribute to establishing an empirical grounding for predictions from extant literature. Inductively, the findings contribute preliminary managerial implications as well as propositions for further research on entry strategies for digital platforms in two-sided markets.
Characteristics of participants who benefit most from personalised nutrition: findings from the pan-European Food4Me randomised controlled trial
Authors: Livingstone Katherine M. , Celis-Morales Carlos , Navas-Carretero Santiago , San-Cristobal Rodrigo , Forster Hannah , Woolhead Clara , O’Donovan Clare B. , Moschonis George , Manios Yannis , Traczyk Iwona , Gundersen Thomas E. , Drevon Christian A. , Marsaux Cyril F. M. , Fallaize Rosalind , Macready Anna L. , Daniel Hannelore , Saris Wim H. M. , Lovegrove Julie A. , Gibney Mike , Gibney Eileen R. , Walsh Marianne , Brennan Lorraine , Martinez J. A. , Mathers John C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLittle is known about who would benefit from Internet-based personalised nutrition (PN) interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of participants who achieved greatest improvements (i.e. benefit) in diet, adiposity and biomarkers following an Internet-based PN intervention. Adults (n 1607) from seven European countries were recruited into a 6-month, randomised controlled trial (Food4Me) and randomised to receive conventional dietary advice (control) or PN advice. Information on dietary intake, adiposity, physical activity (PA), blood biomarkers and participant characteristics was collected at baseline and month 6. Benefit from the intervention was defined as ≥5 % change in the primary outcome (Healthy Eating Index) and secondary outcomes (waist circumference and BMI, PA, sedentary time and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, carotenoids and omega-3 index) at month 6. For our primary outcome, benefit from the intervention was greater in older participants, women and participants with lower HEI scores at baseline. Benefit was greater for individuals reporting greater self-efficacy for ‘sticking to healthful foods’ and who ‘felt weird if [they] didn’t eat healthily’. Participants benefited more if they reported wanting to improve their health and well-being. The characteristics of individuals benefiting did not differ by other demographic, health-related, anthropometric or genotypic characteristics. Findings were similar for secondary outcomes. These findings have implications for the design of more effective future PN intervention studies and for tailored nutritional advice in public health and clinical settings.
Education and Attitudes toward Redistribution in the United States
Authors: Bullock John G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough scholars have studied education's effects on many different outcomes, little attention has been paid to its effects on adults’ economic views. This article examines those effects. It presents results based on longitudinal data which suggest that secondary education has a little-appreciated consequence: it makes Americans more opposed to redistribution. Placebo tests and other analyses confirm this finding. Further investigation suggests that these conservative effects of education operate partly by changing the way that self-interest shapes people's ideas about redistribution.