bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of opposing notch geometry on the tensile strength of adhesively bonded single-lap joints
Authors: Çam Salim , Özel Adnan 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effect of opposing notches formed on the adherends on the tensile strength of an adhesively bonded single-lap joint.

Design/methodology/approach
Different notch geometries were constructed on adherends and evaluated by using the Taguchi method to obtain optimum notch geometry. Then finite element analysis was conducted considering optimum notch geometries by using the cohesive zone model. Lastly, finite element analysis results were validated experimentally.

Findings
Experimental and numerical studies revealed that notches formed on adherends increased the tensile strength of the joint. The failure load of the Type-III joint, where the highest increase was observed, increased by 15 per cent. In addition, it was found that the notch shape, length, depth and distance to the overlap area had significant effects on the failure load of the joint.

Originality/value
This study shows that higher joint strengths can be accomplished by using the same joint configuration by notching adherends.
How marketing balances the battle between premium and regular products? Brand sales dynamics in an emerging market
Authors: Almeida Marcos Inácio Severo de , Porto Rafael Barreiros , Coelho Ricardo Limongi França 
Published: April 2020

PurposeEvolution and stationarity are key time series empirical concepts which need theoretical assessment by extant research. This study presents a model to explain brand sales dynamics in emerging markets using two dimensions: sales behavior in time (stationary or evolution) and final position (negative, neutral or positive).Design/methodology/approachA three-step methodological approach was performed. First, individual brand sales series were classified (stationarity or evolution) after unit root tests. These series were then regressed against a time variable. These two steps enabled a qualitative classification of six proposed positions, ranging from the worst to the best scenario for marketing managers. A final multinomial model identified the marketing effect to these positions.FindingsDescriptive statistics reveal an insignificant prevalence of stationary sales series and a small number of positive brand sales series (ascending or promising). The multinomial model shows that price is negatively associated to positive brand sales positions, the important effect of service strategies and how product decisions can lead to an avoidance of negative positions.Research limitations/implicationsThe model is limited to short time series of a unique transactional dataset from a multinational energy company based in Brazil.Practical implicationsThe research provides a rational empirical framework to managers involved with decisions regarding brand sales dynamics in emerging markets.Originality/valueThe approach advance into the development of models to uncover conditions for market evolution and stationarity in a context marked by the shortage of data.
Information system security policy noncompliance: the role of situation-specific ethical orientation
Authors: Bansal Gaurav , Muzatko Steven , Shin Soo Il 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study examines how neutralization strategies affect the efficacy of information system security policies. This paper proposes that neutralization strategies used to rationalize security policy noncompliance range across ethical orientations, extending from those helping the greatest number of people (ethics of care) to those damaging the fewest (ethics of justice). The results show how noncompliance differs between genders based on those ethical orientations.Design/methodology/approachA survey was used to measure information system security policy noncompliance intentions across six different hypothetical scenarios involving neutralization techniques used to justify noncompliance. Data was gathered from students at a mid-western, comprehensive university in the United States.FindingsThe empirical analysis suggests that gender does play a role in information system security policy noncompliance. However, its significance is dependent upon the underlying neutralization method used to justify noncompliance. The role of reward and punishment is contingent on the situation-specific ethical orientation (SSEO) which in turn is a combination of internal ethical positioning based on one's gender and external ethical reasoning based on neutralization technique.Originality/valueThis study extends ethical decision-making theory by examining how the use of punishments and rewards might be more effective in security policy compliance based upon gender. Importantly, the study emphasizes the interplay between ethics, gender and neutralization techniques, as different ethical perspectives appeal differently based on gender.
Self-efficacy, performance and the role of blended learning
Authors: Warren Liz , Reilly Dawn , Herdan Agnieszka , Lin Yong 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the mathematics self-efficacy of students who are non-maths specialists. The project explores the student experience in the context of a maths module with a blended design, comprising both online content and face-to-face teaching. The aim was to reflect on the role of blended learning in this context.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed-method analysis, the study uses data gathered via student surveys and discussion forums, as well as module grades, to provide evidence regarding whether the online component of the module enables students to master the required maths skills. The data are examined under four themes that emerged as critical to improving the self-efficacy of students: flexibility, the interactivity of the online platform, the module's blended design and the functionality of the platform.FindingsThe findings are that the blended approach increases academic self-efficacy in the area of mathematics, also enhancing the student experience. These benefits arise from the combination of allowing the individual mastery of technical skills in the private and stress-free environment provided by the online platform and access to social resources in the classroom setting.Originality/valueThe paper details the influence of self-efficacy on academic performance and the effectiveness of a blended learning approach, in the area of mathematics. It provides insight into the importance of providing multiple opportunities for students to become autonomous as they develop academic self-confidence through the mastery of maths skills.
Construction and validation of a knowledge, attitudes and practices scale related to sustainability in university students
Authors: Salas-Zapata Walter , Cardona-Arias Jaiberth Antonio 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe objective of this study was to build and validate a scale to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and practices on the sustainability of university students.Design/methodology/approachPsychometric validation was carried out using the criteria of internal consistency, reliability, discriminant power, content validity and predictive validity.FindingsThe KAP scale designed in this study demonstrated excellent psychometric properties and is apt for evaluating knowledge, attitudes and practices in university students.Originality/valueTransitions toward sustainability require changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to sustainability, making it necessary to have tools that support educational interventions for sustainability that tend toward a generation of changes in the decisions and behavior of people. In that sense, a KAP scale can be a useful tool to support these interventions. However, studies that use validated scales are scarce.
Peer production by persons with disabilities – opening 3D-printing aids to everybody in an inclusive MakerSpace
Authors: Bosse Ingo Karl , Pelka Bastian 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
People with disabilities (PWD) produce aids using 3D printing in an inclusive MakerSpace in Germany. This study aims to demonstrate the pathways enabling people with disabilities to be “makers” of aids, creating a “medium-quality market”.

Design/methodology/approach
This study conceptualizes the foundation of the MakerSpace as a social innovation and traces supporting and hindering factors on three different layers: normative, structural and functional contexts.

Findings
3D printing can empower PWD to design and construct aids by themselves. The emerging “medium-quality” market offers potentials for availability for individualized aids. The design-thinking method used and the developed scalable approach empower PWD to create aids that best meet their own needs. The study found three arguments for printing aids that involve 3D printers: “New”: objects that are not available without a 3D printer. “Better”: objects that are available through established channels but were produced either more cheaply, quickly or on a more individualized level. “More”: objects that are available through other channels, but where 3D printing allows more of them to be produced for more people.

Research limitations/implications
The qualitative study has limitations because of sample size and context dependency. Research has only been carried out in Germany. Future research should be conducted in other countries to generalize the results.

Practical implications
The article allows to understand the emergence of a new market for aids. It can steer producers (including PWD or sheltered workshops) in producing new aids and making them available to more people.

Social implications
Understanding the functioning of the “new market for aids” can boost the accessibility of aids. Empowering PWD to produce aids can support their independence, self-determination and self-esteem. Supporting PWD to become producers of aids can support them in becoming experts and boost the quality and availability of aids.

Originality/value
All data presented has been collected by the authors.
A two-dimensional half-space problem in an initially stressed rotating medium with microtemperatures
Authors: Deswal Sunita , Sheoran Devender , Kalkal Kapil Kumar 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish a model of two-dimensional half-space problem of linear, isotropic, homogeneous, initially stressed, rotating thermoelastic medium with microtemperatures. The expressions for different physical variables such as displacement distribution, stress distribution, temperature field and microtemperatures are obtained in the physical domain.Design/methodology/approachNormal mode analysis technique is adopted to procure the exact solution of the problem.FindingsNumerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB programming, and the results are illustrated graphically. Comparisons are made to show the effects of rotation, time and microtemperatures on the resulting quantities. The graphical results indicate that the effects of rotation, microtemperatures and time are very pronounced on the field variables.Originality/valueIn the present work, we have investigated the effects of rotation, time and microtemperature in an initially stressed thermoelastic medium. Although various investigations do exist to observe the disturbances in a thermoelastic medium under the effects of different parameters, the work in its present form, i.e. the disturbances in a thermoelastic medium in the presence of angular velocity, initial stress and microtemperature have not been studied till now. The present work is useful and valuable for analysis of problems involving coupled thermal shock, rotation parameter, microtemperatures and elastic deformation.
Analyses of competent and non‐competent subpopulations of Bacillus subtilis reveal yhfW, yhxC and ncRNAs as novel players in competence
Authors: Boonstra Mirjam , Schaffer Marc , Sousa Joana , Morawska Luiza , Holsappel Siger , Hildebrandt Petra , Sappa Praveen Kumar , Rath Hermann , de Jong Anne , Lalk Michael , Mäder Ulrike , Völker Uwe , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryUpon competence‐inducing nutrient‐limited conditions, only part of the Bacillus subtilis population becomes competent. Here, we separated the two subpopulations by fluorescence‐assisted cell sorting (FACS). Using RNA‐seq, we confirmed the previously described ComK regulon. We also found for the first time significantly downregulated genes in the competent subpopulation. The downregulated genes are not under direct control by ComK but have higher levels of corresponding antisense RNAs in the competent subpopulation. During competence, cell division and replication are halted. By investigating the proteome during competence, we found higher levels of the regulators of cell division, MinD and Noc. The exonucleases SbcC and SbcD were also primarily regulated at the post‐transcriptional level. In the competent subpopulation, yhfW was newly identified as being highly upregulated. Its absence reduces the expression of comG, and has a modest, but statistically significant effect on the expression of comK. Although expression of yhfW is higher in the competent subpopulation, no ComK‐binding site is present in its promoter region. Mutants of yhfW have a small but significant defect in transformation. Metabolomic analyses revealed significant reductions in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites and several amino acids in a ΔyhfW mutant. RNA‐seq analysis of ΔyhfW revealed higher expression of the NAD synthesis genes nadA, nadB and nadC.
Diversity and potential biogeochemical impacts of viruses in bulk and rhizosphere soils
Authors: Bi Li , Yu Dan‐Ting , Du Shuai , Zhang Li‐Mei , Zhang Li‐Yu , Wu Chuan‐Fa , Xiong Chao , Han Li‐Li , He Ji‐Zheng 
Published: April 2020

SummaryViruses can affect microbial dynamics, metabolism and biogeochemical cycles in aquatic ecosystems. However, viral diversity and functions in agricultural soils are poorly known, especially in the rhizosphere. We used virome analysis of eight rhizosphere and bulk soils to study viral diversity and potential biogeochemical impacts in an agro‐ecosystem. The order Caudovirales was the predominant viral type in agricultural soils, with Siphoviridae being the most abundant family. Phylogenetic analysis of the terminase large subunit of Caudovirales identified high viral diversity and three novel groups. Viral community composition differed significantly between bulk and rhizosphere soils. Soil pH was the main environmental driver of the viral community structure. Remarkably, abundant auxiliary carbohydrate‐active enzyme (CAZyme) genes were detected in viromes, including glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases and carbohydrate‐binding modules. These results demonstrate that virus‐encoded putative auxiliary metabolic genes or metabolic genes that may change bacterial metabolism and indirectly contribute to biogeochemical cycling, especially carbon cycling, in agricultural soil.
Emergency Medicine Advanced Ultrasound Service: A new paradigm
Authors: Bogseth Michael C , Gawthrope Ian C , Rippey James C 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivePoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is now ubiquitous in emergency medicine. Increased accessibility does not, however, ensure expertise in its use. We present a unique model of an Emergency Medicine Advanced Ultrasound Service (EMAUS). In our model specialist emergency physicians with advanced ultrasound (US) qualifications (emergency sonologists), provide images and reports for the entire department. The service is considered an extension of the traditional radiology model. It is consultative, diagnostic and procedural, and includes full US examinations as well as POCUS examinations.MethodsA 4‐month prospective descriptive observational study was conducted at a tertiary hospital during which data was recorded about emergency medicine US use and its outcomes.ResultsA total of 1336 US scans were recorded. Emergency sonologists conducted the majority of examinations, 69.8%. Half the consultative USs demonstrated positive findings. Follow‐up computed tomography (CT) was recommended in 8.8% of consultative US studies and 12.4% of POCUS studies. Concerning incidental findings requiring further investigation (usually CT/magnetic resonance imaging) were infrequent at 1.6%.ConclusionGlobally POCUS has proliferated with varying expertise and data to support its use. The EMAUS provides a trusted and accountable service with the advantages of simultaneously integrating consultative US into the clinical context by an emergency physician. A diverse range of indications, scan types and pathology was recorded over the period demonstrating the utility of combining the roles of senior clinician, sonographer and radiologist and the benefits of advanced training and credentialing.
Extraction for profiling free and bound phenolic compounds in tea seed oil by deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Wang Xiaoqin , Jia Wencong , Lai Guoyin , Wang Lijuan , del Mar Contreras María , Yang Daomao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBound phenolic compounds have rarely been reported in vegetable oils and this may be due to little research about the extraction. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), recently applied in the extraction of phenolic compounds as alternatives to organic solvents, were adopted in the extraction of free and bound phenolic compounds from tea seed oil in this work. First, the phenolic compounds were analyzed by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight and triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) for characterization and UHPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS for quantification and 25 phenolic compounds were found to exist in both free and bound forms. Then, DESs were screened for extraction of free and bound phenolic compounds from tea seed oil as the pretreatment for analysis and the results showed that hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) and temperature significantly affected the extraction efficiency of DESs. Finally, free phenolic compounds (83.91 µg/g) and bound phenolic compounds (25.71 µg/g), extracted by the DES with glycerol as HBD at 50 °C, were 51.0% and 93.2% higher than those extracted by methanol/water (60%, v/v), respectively. This work not only advanced the basic data of phenolic compounds in tea seed oil but also explored an efficient extraction method for scientific analysis of free and bound phenolic compounds.
Effect of fruit maturity on volatiles and sensory descriptors of four mandarin hybrids
Authors: Hijaz Faraj , Gmitter Fred G. , Bai Jinhe , Baldwin Elizabeth , Biotteau Alice , Leclair Clotilde , McCollum T. Greg , Plotto Anne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMandarins (or tangerines) are mainly consumed as fresh fruits due to the ease of peeling and desirable flavor. Sweetness, acidity, and flavor of mandarin are the most important criteria for consumer preference. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of harvest date on sensory and chemical components of four mandarin cultivars (Murcott, 411, Temple, and ‘LB8‐9' Sugar Belle®). Volatiles were extracted from the headspace of juice samples with solid phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The optimum harvest window for eating quality of 411 was late January to mid‐February (soluble solids content [SSC]/titratable acidity [TA]: 11.3 to 14.0), Sugar Belle® fruits were best tasted when harvested from mid‐ to end of January (SSC/TA: 14.1 to 16.1), and February was the best month for harvesting Murcott (SSC/TA: 13.10 to 18.0) and Temple (SSC/TA:10.3 to 12.50). Sensory perception of sweetness, ripeness, and juiciness increased as SSC/TA increased while sourness and bitterness decreased. Pumpkin flavor, an indicator of overripe fruit, was mainly noticed late in the season. Tangerine flavor tended to decrease, whereas fruity‐noncitrus flavor tended to increase with fruit maturity. Monoterpenes were the most abundant volatiles and tended to decrease with fruit maturity, whereas alcohols, esters, and aldehydes increase. Aldehydes, esters, and alcohols were positively correlated with sweetness, ripeness, juiciness, and fruity characteristics, and negatively with sourness and bitterness. On the other hand, monoterpenes were positively correlated with bitterness and tangerine flavor, and negatively correlated with sweetness and fruity‐noncitrus flavor. The highest number of esters was found in Temple, whereas Murcott and 411 were high in aldehydes.
Inadequate laser coagulation is an important cause of treatment failure in Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Spandau Ulrich , Larsson Eva , Holmström Gerd 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of the studyTo examine the cause of treatment failures in Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Patients and MethodsThe medical charts of all infants with disease persistence after laser treatment at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, during a 10‐year period (2009–2019) were reviewed. RetCam photography and angiography were used to document the retinal appearance before and after retreatment.ResultsTen infants (18 eyes), of whom nine were referred from other hospitals, had persistence of Type 1 ROP in zone I or zone II despite previous laser treatment. Their mean gestational age was 24 weeks and their mean birth weight was 618 g. Seven eyes were diagnosed as stage 3 plus, eight eyes as stage 4A and three eyes as stage 4B. In eight infants (14 eyes), inadequate laser coagulation was suspected to be the cause for persistence of type 1 disease. Two infants (four eyes) were appreciated to have persistence of plus disease because of presence of zone I disease. For persistence of Type 1 ROP, five infants (seven eyes) were treated with vitrectomy, two infants (three eyes) with laser photocoagulation and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), two infants (four eyes) with anti‐VEGF alone and finally two infants (four eyes) with laser photocoagulation alone. The anatomical outcome was good in 14 eyes and poor in four eyes (three infants).ConclusionsInadequate laser coagulation is an important cause of treatment failure of ROP Type 1. Another cause is laser coagulation in zone I. To minimize remaining visual disability, some kind of centralization of the ROP treatment is suggested.
Adaptive treatment and robust control
Authors: Clairon Q. , Henderson R. , Young N. J. , Wilson E. D. , Taylor C. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA control theory perspective on determination of optimal dynamic treatment regimes is considered. The aim is to adapt statistical methodology that has been developed for medical or other biostatistical applications to incorporate powerful control techniques that have been designed for engineering or other technological problems. Data tend to be sparse and noisy in the biostatistical area and interest has tended to be in statistical inference for treatment effects. In engineering fields, experimental data can be more easily obtained and reproduced and interest is more often in performance and stability of proposed controllers rather than modeling and inference per se. We propose that modeling and estimation should be based on standard statistical techniques but subsequent treatment policy should be obtained from robust control. To bring focus, we concentrate on A‐learning methodology as developed in the biostatistical literature and ‐synthesis from control theory. Simulations and two applications demonstrate robustness of the strategy compared to standard A‐learning in the presence of model misspecification or measurement error.