bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biopolymers Derived from Trees as Sustainable Multifunctional Materials: A Review
Authors: Liu Chao , Luan Pengcheng , Li Qiang , Cheng Zheng , Xiang Pengyang , Liu Detao , Hou Yi , Yang Yang , Zhu Hongli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe world is currently transitioning from a fossil‐fuel‐driven energy economy to one that is supplied by more renewable and sustainable materials. Trees as the most abundant renewable bioresource have attracted significant attention for advanced materials and manufacturing in this epochal transition. Trees are composed with complex structures and components such as trunk (stem and bark), leaf, flower, seed, and root. Although many excellent reviews have been published regarding advanced applications of wood and wood‐derived biopolymers in different fields, such as energy, electronics, biomedical, and water treatment, no reviews have revisited and systematically discussed functional materials and even devices derived from trees in a full scope yet. Therefore, a timely summary of the recent development of materials and structures derived from different parts of trees for sustainability is prsented here. A concise introduction to the different parts of the trees is given first, which is followed by the corresponding chemistry and preparation of functional materials using various biopolymers from trees. The most promising applications of biopolymer‐based materials are discussed subsequently. A comprehensive review of the different parts of trees as sustainable functional materials and devices for critical applications is thus provided.
Tuning the Structural and Optoelectronic Properties of Cs2AgBiBr6 Double‐Perovskite Single Crystals through Alkali‐Metal Substitution
Authors: Keshavarz Masoumeh , Debroye Elke , Ottesen Martin , Martin Cristina , Zhang Heng , Fron Eduard , Küchler Robert , Steele Julian A. , Bremholm Martin , Van de Vondel Joris , Wang Hai I. , Bonn Mischa , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Wiedmann Steffen , Hofkens Johan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLead‐free double perovskites have great potential as stable and nontoxic optoelectronic materials. Recently, Cs2AgBiBr6 has emerged as a promising material, with suboptimal photon‐to‐charge carrier conversion efficiency, yet well suited for high‐energy photon‐detection applications. Here, the optoelectronic and structural properties of pure Cs2AgBiBr6 and alkali‐metal‐substituted (Cs1−xYx)2AgBiBr6 (Y: Rb+, K+, Na+; x = 0.02) single crystals are investigated. Strikingly, alkali‐substitution entails a tunability to the material system in its response to X‐rays and structural properties that is most strongly revealed in Rb‐substituted compounds whose X‐ray sensitivity outperforms other double‐perovskite‐based devices reported. While the fundamental nature and magnitude of the bandgap remains unchanged, the alkali‐substituted materials exhibit a threefold boost in their fundamental carrier recombination lifetime at room temperature. Moreover, an enhanced electron–acoustic phonon scattering is found compared to Cs2AgBiBr6. The study thus paves the way for employing cation substitution to tune the properties of double perovskites toward a new material platform for optoelectronics.
In Situ Curing Technology for Dual Ceramic Composed by Organic–Inorganic Functional Polymer Gel Electrolyte for Dendritic‐Free and Robust Lithium–Metal Batteries
Authors: Siyal Sajid Hussain , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Jatoi Ashique Hussain , Lan Jin‐Le , Yu Yunhua , Saleem Muhammad , Yang Xiaoping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLithium–metal batteries (LiMBs) are promising energy storage devices due to the high capacity and minimum negative electrochemical potential. Nevertheless, their concrete applications remain disturbed by unbalanced electrolyte–electrode interfaces, limited electrochemical window, and high risk. Herein, a novel strategy to obtain dual ceramic‐based electrolytes that possesses a great potential in energy storages and higher level of energy densities in LiMBs. Dual‐ceramic (lithium aluminum titanium phosphate ‐lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LATP‐LLTO)) gel polymer electrolyte (DCGPE) film developed via the curable system aims to prepare flexible Li+ interpenetrating network film to integrate the two ceramic structures with polyethylene oxide (PEO) to yield the free‐standing electrolytes film for better battery safety and desired interfacial stability. The DCGPEs films present a satisfactory electrochemical performance, including good ionic conductivity, large transference number, and wide electrochemical stability window at room temperature. Most importantly, the fundamental function of LATP and LLTO is to support building a stable solid‐electrolyte‐interphase and limits the growth of dendrites. Thus, prepared dual ceramic‐based electrolytes effectively render to inhibit lithium dendrite growth in a symmetrical cell Li//PEO + 10% LATP + 15% LLTO//Li test during charge/discharge at a current density of 2 and 0.25 mA cm−2 above 2400 h without short‐circuiting occurrence at room temperature. Besides, the battery assembled of LiFePO4/PEO + 10% LATP + 20% LLTO/Li exhibits superior cyclic stability with high Coulombic efficiency. This study recommends that the binary network structures of Li‐ion conductor help to design a prime solution of promising electrolyte for high‐performance LiMBs applications.
Structural Innovations in Printed, Flexible, and Stretchable Electronics
Authors: Yin Lu , Lv Jian , Wang Joseph 
Published: August 2020

AbstractResearch in stretchable, printed electronics combines multidisciplinary, state‐of‐the‐art developments in material science and structural engineering. In addition to major advances based on developing novel materials and fabrication processes, synergistic structural innovations are of equal importance for enabling stretchability in printed devices and should not be overlooked. Planar printing techniques are preferred, compared to microfabrication or 3D printing processes, owing to their low cost, high throughput, and compatibility with a wide range of materials. Various printing strategies for controlling the substrate, bonding, distribution of strain, and buckling can be used to fabricate a variety of devices featuring wrinkled, textile‐embedded, serpentine, island‐bridge, or 2D‐transformed 3D and 4D structures. Such structural innovations allow the use of ordinary printable materials for creating highly stretchable devices with minimal compromise in device performance and mechanical resiliency. This article provides an overview of the structures used in printed devices and summarizes their corresponding fabrication strategies and distinct features. The challenges of advancing the structural designs in printed devices and the prospects of transforming stretchable structures toward smart, responsive devices are also discussed. Future efforts will greatly expand the possibilities of using planar printing processes for fabricating complex structures with new functionalities.
Phase Evolution of a Prenucleator for Fast Li Nucleation in All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Gao Xuejie , Mukherjee Sankha , Doyle‐Davis Kieran , Fu Jiamin , Li Weihan , Sun Qian , Zhao Feipeng , Jiang Ming , Hu Yongfeng , Huang Huan , Zhang Li , Lu Shigang , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Singh Chandra Veer , Sun Xueliang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUndesirable Li dendrite growth under high current densities due to the nonuniform Li nucleation and growth has significantly hindered the development of high‐rate all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Herein, the phase evolution of a Li prenucleator (MoS2) is shown in working ASSLBs that renders a highly active nucleator (Mo), where Mo promotes fast Li nucleation and Li dendrite suppression. During plating, Li shows strong affinity with Mo, which guides Li fast nucleating and selectively depositing on Mo surface with a large specific surface, thus reducing the local current density. Moreover, a fast diffusion of Li atom on Mo (110) surface promotes uniform Li deposition and limits the Li dendrite growth. Benefitting from the reduced local current density as well as the improved Li dendrite suppression, Li–Li symmetric cells within MoS2 prenucleator demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance, achieving cycle lifetimes as high as 1000 h for 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and 780 h for 0.5 mA cm−2/2 mAh cm−2. Additionally, developed Li‐LFP ASSLBs demonstrate high capacity retention of 78% with an ultra‐long cycling life of 3000 cycles under a high current density of 1 mA cm−2. The general concept has the potential to be extended to other metal‐sulfide prenucleators.
Flexible 3D Architectured Piezo/Thermoelectric Bimodal Tactile Sensor Array for E‐Skin Application
Authors: Zhu Pengcheng , Wang Yalong , Wang Yao , Mao Hongye , Zhang Qiang , Deng Yuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractElectronic skin (e‐skin) functions as human–machines interaction interfaces, holding great promise in future personal health monitoring and endowing robots with capability of sense of touch. Despite recent exciting progress in e‐skin research, accurate discrimination of various tactile inputs remains a great challenge yet. A 3D processing technique is demonstrated here combining laser fabrication and screen printing to construct vertically architectured pressure/temperature bimodal active sensor employing all organic functional materials, i.e., piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) and thermoelectric polyaniline‐based composites. The sensor transforms pressure and temperature stimuli into two independent electrical signals without interference, exhibiting high temperature sensing sensitivity (109.4 µV K−1) with rapid response time (0.37 s) and superior pressure sensing sensitivity over a wide range (100 Pa to 20 kPa). Finite element analyses further explain the thermal harvesting performance of the sensor. Applications of sensor as e‐skin in various temperature/stress perception scenarios and its stability are demonstrated. Further, a 4 × 4 pixel bimodal tactile sensor array is integrated for the first time, presenting accurate spatial distribution mapping of pressure/temperature signals simultaneously without interference, and functions without external power supply due to its intrinsic working principle. This study thus moves a step toward multifunctional flexible electronics for e‐skin applications.
Phase Engineering of Nanomaterials for Clean Energy and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Li Huangxu , Zhou Xichen , Zhai Wei , Lu Shiyao , Liang Jinzhe , He Zhen , Long Huiwu , Xiong Tengfei , Sun Hongyan , He Qiyuan , Fan Zhanxi , Zhang Hua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) is critically important for the preparation of nanomaterials with new phases, which are key for the investigation of phase‐dependent physicochemical properties and applications. This essay presents the state‐of‐the‐art development of PEN for the unique properties of nanomaterials with unconventional phases and their applications in energy storage and conversion and catalytic reactions. Finally, personal perspectives on the challenges and future opportunities of PEN in various applications are also provided.
Fate and transport of phosphorus‐containing land‐applied swine slurry in a karst watershed
Authors: Sharpley A. N. , Daniels M. B. , Brye K. R. , VanDevender K. , Burke J. , Berry L. G. , Webb P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhosphorus distribution in pasture soils underlain with karst geology was determined on a 0.10‐ha grid in 2014, 2016, and 2018. Two fields (Fields 1 and 12) received swine slurry from a concentrated animal feeding operation, whereas another (Field 5) received mineral fertilizer. All fields were grazed by cattle and periodically hayed. Mean Mehlich‐3 extractable P in the top 10 cm increased (p ≤ .05 level) for Fields 1 (59–91 mg kg−1) and 12 (63–122 mg kg−1) between 2014 and 2018, with little change for Field 5 (45–47 mg kg−1). Over the 5‐yr monitoring period, P and N runoff averaged a respective 1.0 and 2.4 kg ha−1 yr−1 from Fields 1 and 12 or 1.4 and 2.5% of P and N applied in swine slurry. Field 5 P and N runoff averaged a respective 1.9 and 2.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 or 6.6 and 4.4% of that applied as mineral fertilizer. Findings confirmed that long‐term application of P, as fertilizer or manure, in excess of pasture uptake, result in a rapid accumulation of P near the soil surface, and thus, increase nutrient loss via surface runoff. Mehlich‐3 P increased in the top 10 cm of soil (143–255 mg kg−1) in edge‐of‐field buffer zones of 30 m on Fields 1 and 12, where no manure was applied. This illustrates the complexity of cattle grazing areas as additional nutrient sources that must be managed to minimize off‐site nutrient transport that are particularly important in karst watersheds.
Stylo grass affecting soil respiration in latosol guava orchard of southern subtropical region of China
Authors: Wei Changbin , Qiao Jian , Ma Zhiling , Ma Haiyang , Tang Xinming , Zhao Weifeng , Yan Qingze , Tang Lizhu , Du Liqing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSoil respiration is an important index to reflect soil quality and nutritional properties. However, these characteristics of latosol orchards of guava (Psidium guajava L. Pearl) in the south subtropics are not fully understood. In the present research, the effects of Stylo grass [Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.] on soil respiration in guava orchards of latosol were studied. There were four treatments, namely, clean tillage, natural grass growth, Stylo grass ‘Ubon’ and ‘Reyan No. 2’. Soil respiration was monitored from December 2018 to November 2019 by using a soil CO2 flux system (LI‐8100A, LI‐COR, Lincoln, NE). Results showed that Reyan No. 2 had the best promoting effect on soil respiration in orchards, followed by Ubon and natural grass growth. The relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature of 5‐cm soil layer followed highly significant power function pattern for Stylo grass treatments (p < .01). The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Reyan No. 2 was highest (1.75), followed by Ubon (1.46). Soil water, instead of temperature, was found to be the main factor of soil respiration in the grass orchard of latosol. This study proposes the main limiting factors of soil respiration in latosol orchards and recommends Reyan No. 2 as a grass variety for soil improvement. The finding has also enriched the theory and practice of soil improvement in latosol orchards. The higher Q10 (1.75) of Reyan No. 2 as obtained in this research may also have a certain effect on the soil carbon cycle of grass orchard of latosol.
Indications for pancreaticoduodenectomy affected postoperative outcomes in octogenarians
Authors: Okabayashi Takehiro , Sui Kenta , Murokawa Takahiro , Kimura Jiro , Iwata Jun , Morita Sojiro , Iiyama Tatsuo , Shimada Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsThe safety and efficacy of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in patients over the age of 80 years remain controversial. We aimed to examine post‐PD outcomes and to determine the age limit for PD.MethodsPatients were divided into two subgroups: the younger (<80 years) group and octogenarian (≥80 years) group. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical benefit of PD for periampullary diseases in the younger and octogenarian groups, focusing on short‐ and long‐term outcomes.ResultsFrom March 2005 to December 2018, 586 consecutive surgically curable patients with diagnosed periampullary diseases were studied, among whom 122 (20.8%) were ≥80 years old. The general preoperative physical condition (G8 screening, instrumental activities of daily living, and Charlson comorbidity index) and nutritional status were significantly worse in the octogenarian group. However, there were no significant differences between the younger and octogenarian groups in postoperative severe complication rates (34% vs 36%) or perioperative mortality rates (1.5% vs 0.0%). We observed significantly poorer 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year overall survivals in the octogenarian group than in the younger group (P = .007). In the younger group, the main cause of death (89.6%) was cancer recurrence. However, only 60% of patients in the octogenarian group developed and died from cancer recurrence. Increased neutrophilic/lymphocyte ratio and elevated Controlling Nutritional Status score were associated with worse outcomes.ConclusionsIt is important to carefully determine the indication for PD in octogenarian patients with periampullary diseases, although patient age over 80 years should not be a contraindication for PD.
Genome‐wide genotyping estimates mating system parameters and paternity in the island species Tolpis succulenta
Authors: Gibson Matthew J. S. , Crawford Daniel J. , Holder Mark T. , Mort Mark E. , Kerbs Benjamin , de Sequeira Miguel Menezes , Kelly John K. 
Published: August 2020

PremiseThe mating system has profound consequences, not only for ecology and evolution, but also for the conservation of threatened or endangered species. Unfortunately, small populations are difficult to study owing to limits on sample size and genetic marker diversity. Here, we estimated mating system parameters in three small populations of an island plant using genomic genotyping. Although self‐incompatible (SI) species are known to often set some self‐seed, little is known about how “leaky SI” affects selfing rates in nature or the role that multiple paternity plays in small populations.MethodsWe generalized the BORICE mating system program to determine the siring pattern within maternal families. We applied this algorithm to maternal families from three populations of Tolpis succulenta from Madeira Island and genotyped the progeny using RADseq. We applied BORICE to estimate each individual offspring as outcrossed or selfed, the paternity of each outcrossed offspring, and the level of inbreeding of each maternal plant.ResultsDespite a functional self‐incompatibility system, these data establish T. succulenta as a pseudo‐self‐compatible (PSC) species. Two of 75 offspring were strongly indicated as products of self‐fertilization. Despite selfing, all adult maternal plants were fully outbred. There was high differentiation among and low variation within populations, consistent with a history of genetic isolation of these small populations. There were generally multiple sires per maternal family. Twenty‐two percent of sib contrasts (between outcrossed offspring within maternal families) shared the same sire.ConclusionsGenome‐wide genotyping, combined with appropriate analytical methods, enables estimation of mating system and multiple paternity in small populations. These data address questions about the evolution of reproductive traits and the conservation of threatened populations.
The interaction between FTO rs9939609 and physical activity is associated with a 2‐fold reduction in the risk of obesity in Korean population
Authors: Cho Hye‐Won , Jin Hyun‐Seok , Eom Yong‐Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveFTO (fat mass and obesity‐associated) gene is a well‐known genetic risk factor for obesity. We investigated whether physical activity modulates the effect of FTO rs9939609 on obesity in Korean population.MethodsThe study analyzed the correlation between physical activity and obesity in 8840 individuals representing the Korea Association Resource (KARE). The association between obesity‐related traits and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assessed using linear regression models. Physical activity was defined as 3 hours or more of daily intense activity.ResultsParticipants carrying rs9939609 (AT+AA) genotypes showed higher BMI compared with those carrying the wild‐type (TT) homozygote. The highest significant association was observed between obesity‐related traits (ß = .334, P value = 1.76 × 10−6). FTO rs9939609 (AT+AA) increased the risk of obesity (OR = 1.42, CI [1.13‐1.79]), which was correlated with BMI correlations. However, active exercise by subjects carrying the same genotype reduced the risk of obesity by nearly 2‐fold (OR = 0.62, CI [0.25‐0.84]). In contrast, TT genotype was not statistically significant in reducing the risk of obesity in the active exercise group.ConclusionsOur results support a previous finding correlating FTO and obesity‐related traits and suggest that the interaction with genetic variation and physical activity is an important risk factor for obesity.
morphomap: An R package for long bone landmarking, cortical thickness, and cross‐sectional geometry mapping
Authors: Profico Antonio , Bondioli Luca , Raia Pasquale , O'Higgins Paul , Marchi Damiano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study describes and demonstrates the functionalities and application of a new R package,morphomap, designed to extract shape information as semilandmarks in multiple sections, build cortical thickness maps, and calculate biomechanical parameters on long bones.Methodsmorphomapcreates, from a single input (an oriented 3D mesh representing the long bone surface), multiple evenly spaced virtual sections.morphomapthen directly and rapidly computes morphometric and biomechanical parameters on each of these sections.The R package comprises three modules: (a) to place semilandmarks on the inner and outer outlines of each section, (b) to extract cortical thicknesses for 2D and 3D morphometric mapping, and (c) to compute cross‐sectional geometry.ResultsIn this article, we applymorphomapto femora fromHomo sapiensandPan troglodytesto demonstrate its utility and show its typical outputs.morphomapgreatly facilitates rapid analysis and functional interpretation of long bone form and should prove a valuable addition to the osteoarcheological analysis software toolkit.ConclusionsLong bone loading history is commonly retrodicted by calculating biomechanical parameters such as area moments of inertia, analyzing external shape and measuring cortical thickness.morphomapis a software written in the open source R environment, it integrates the main methodological approaches (geometric morphometrics, cortical morphometric maps, and cross‐sectional geometry) used to parametrize long bones.
Zwitterionic Peptide Cloak Mimics Protein Surfaces for Protein Protection
Authors: Yuan Zhefan , Li Bowen , Niu Liqian , Tang Chenjue , McMullen Patrick , Jain Priyesh , He Yuwei , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInspired by the amino acid composition of natural protein surfaces, we developed a zwitterionic cloak containing multi‐layers of short alternating glutamic acid and lysine (EK) peptides as a facile, highly effective and low‐immunogenicity approach for the protection and delivery of biotherapeutics. Each EK layer grafted to proteins provides multiple times of new lysine reaction sites for the growth of subsequent EK layers. This unique design allows EK peptides to achieve high coating density on proteins, overcoming the limitation of traditional conjugation strategies that rely on the number of innate lysine groups. A triple‐layer EK cloak manifests to successfully eliminate the specific and non‐specific interactions of protected asparaginase with biological media while prolong the drug circulation time and significantly mitigate its immunogenicity in vivo, suggesting an EK peptide cloak as a promising approach to improve the safety and efficacy of biotherapeutics.