bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXIII-18 Conceptus stimuli in peripheral blood mono and polymorphonuclear cells at the beginning of pregnancy
Authors: Melo Gabriela Dalmaso de , Motta Igor Garcia , Rocha Cecilia Constantino , Diaza Angela Maria Gonella , Silveira Juliano Coelho da , Binelli Mario , Pohler Ky , Pugliesi Guilherme 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to compare the expression of Interferon-tau Stimulated Genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood mono and polymorphonuclear cells (PBMCs and PMNs) in heifers following insemination. Twenty-nine Nelore heifers had estrous cycle synchronized, and FTAI occurred on D0. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasonography on D28 post FTAI. On D0, 10, 14, 16, 18 and 20, blood (25mL) from the jugular vein was collected in heparinized tubes for isolation of PMNs and PBMCs. The isolation was performed using Ficoll®Paque Plus (GE Healthcare). PMNs and PBMCs samples from 8 pregnant and 9 non-pregnant heifers were subjected to RNA extraction using the DirectZol-RNA kit (Zymo-Research) and Trizol (Invitrogen), respectively. The expression of the target genes (ISG15, OAS-1, MX1 and MX2) was normalized in relation to the two reference genes (GAPDH/ACTB for PMNs and GAPDH/PPIA for PBMCs). The abundance of transcripts was evaluated by analysis of variance considering fixed effects of group, day and group by day interaction using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS. PMNs and PBMCs had a similar expression profile of ISG15 and OAS-1, showing a relative increase (P &lt; 0.05) from D18, and a significant increase in (P &lt; 0.05) expression in pregnant compared to non-pregnant females on D18 and D20. These results were also observed for MX1 in PBMCs. In PMNs, no significant effects for MX1 were found. For MX2, in both cells types, only a group effect (P &lt; 0.05) was observed, indicating a higher expression in pregnant heifers (0.57±0.11 vs. 0.21±0.03) on the days evaluated. When comparing the relative expression of the target genes to D0, no significant (P &gt; 0.1) differences were found between PMNs and PBMCs. In summary, ISG expression is similar in PMNs and PBMCs, specifically for ISG15 and OAS-1, which both seem to be suitable biomarkers for potential early pregnancy determination in heifers.
PSXIII-5 The age dynamics of the spermatogenic cells development in the roosters’ testes
Authors: Vetokh Anastasia N , Volkova Natalia A , Tomgorova Evgeniya K , Volkova Ludmila A , Zinovieva Natalia A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The cells of the male gonads are considered as a valuable genetic material for the conservation of the gene pool of breeds and lines of agricultural birds, as well as the directed modification of the poultry genome. Mature germ cells – spermatozoa and their predecessors – spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids can be used for these purposes. To obtain these types of cells, it is necessary to know the characteristics of their development (spermatogenesis). The dynamics of the development of certain spermatogenic cell types in the testicular tubules of different-aged roosters has been studied. Histological studies were performed on testes of roosters aged from 1 week to 6 months with an interval of 2 weeks. Samples of testis tissue were fixed in Bouin’s solution. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Identification of different cell types (Sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm cells) was carried out according to their morphology. At the age of 1–6 weeks in the seminiferous tubule of roosters, the mainly presence of two cell types was noted: Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. From 7 weeks of age, spermatocytes were detected in the seminiferous tubules, in the 4 months - spermatids, in the 5.5 months - sperm cells. The number of Sertoli cells remained almost unchanged with age and was 21 ± 2. The percentage of these cells decreased with age from 71 ± 3 % to 5 ± 1 %. The percentage of spermatogonia also decreased with age from 75 ± 2 % to 7 ± 1 %. The number of spermatids and spermatozoa, on the contrary, increased to puberty (6 months) and reached 54 %. The study was supported by the RFBR within Project no.18-29-07079.
PSXIII-3 Maternal eicosapentaenoic acid feeding decreases placental and fetal lipid deposition and improves antioxidant capacity through a Sirtuin-1 independent
Authors: Peng Jie , Peng Jian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate whether maternal dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation could decrease placental lipid deposition and improve placental antioxidant capacity through a SIRT1-dependent way. In the present study, male and female SIRT1+/- mice were mated overnight, then primiparous SIRT1+/- mice were fed a 60% kcal high-fat-diet (HFD) or equienergy EPA diet (4.4% EPA-ethyl ester) (n = 22/each group). At pregnant 18.5 d, retro-orbital blood samples were obtained then sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Placentas and its corresponding fetuses were collected by caesarean section. We found that the EPA diet significantly changed maternal plasma, placenta and fetus fatty acid composition, and decreased placental and fetal lipid content. Meanwhile, EPA treatment significantly increased placental and fetal antioxidant capacity, however, lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde was also increased. Moreover, EPA treatment significantly activated placental UCP1 and PGC1α expression and alleviated mitochondrial swelling induced by HFD. SIRT1 knockout had no significant effect on placental lipid content, but notably decreased fetal triglyceride (TG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) content. Meanwhile, SIRT1 knockout significantly decreased the ratio of n-3 PUFA in placenta. SIRT1 knockout also significantly decreased PGC1α mRNA and protein level and increased mitochondrial swelling. Both EPA treatment and SIRT1 deficiency had no effect on BODIPY-FL-C16 (a fluorescent labeled palmitic acid) uptake in placenta and fetus. No significant effect was observed between diet and genotype. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that maternal EPA feeding decreased placental and fetal lipid deposition and improved antioxidant capacity through a Sirtuin-1 independent mechanism.
PSXI-9 Parameters of incubation of neonate japanese quail of japanese quail breeder (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed guava extract and stored for different periods storage pre incubation
Authors: Mello Heloisa Helena C , Xavier Hyara Paula Fleuri , Mascarenhas Alessandra Gimenez , Araújo Itallo Conrado , Marques Billy Noronha , Oliveira Natiele Ferraz de 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the use of guava extract (Psidium guajava L.) as an antioxidant additive in the diets of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in laying phase and to verify the incubation parameters of eggs stored at different periods pre-incubation. The experiment was conduced at Federal University of Goias. The extract contained 2.13% ellagic acid. A four hundred and thirty-two (432) eggs of Japanese quails fed with guava extract in the diet were incubated in a completely randomized design, in a single-stage incubator. Temperature of 37°C and humidity of 65% was manteined. The eggs were distributed in 4x2 factorial design (levels of guava extract and stored pre-incubation period) with 54 replicates, each egg being considered an experimental unit. Four levels of guava extract were added in diets of the breeders (0.0%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9%) and two stored pre-incubation period (three and nine days) were studied. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. To embryo diagnostic was used Fisher exact test. The eclosion percentage was not influenced by factors studied. There was a significant interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between effects of levels of guava extract in diet and stored pre-incubation period on hatch window. The hatch window was shorter for quails from egg storage for nine days and breeders fed a 0.0% guava extract. The lower level of guava extract supplementation in diets (0.3%) of breeder promotes padronizing hatcheries time. The neonates quails from eggs storaged for nine days hatched in shorter period time in relation to quails from the eggs stored for three days. Values of the embryo diagnostic were not different (P &gt; 0.05). It is concluded that the use of 0.3% inclusion of guava extract containing ellagic acid in layer quail diets promotes standardization of hatchery window of neonate quails.
PSXI-25 The effect of lead on aminotransferases serum activity in European carp
Authors: Polistovskaia Polina A , Enukashvili Abram I , Kozitcyna Anna I , Kinarevskaia Katerina P , Bakhta Alesya A , Balykina Anna B , Karpenko Larisa Y , Skopichev Valerii G , Panova Nataliya A , Bokhan Polina D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study is to asset toxic influence of heavy metals in fish. This research was intended to analyze aminotransferases (ALT, AST) serum activity under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. Intracellular enzymes activity level elevation in serum is a sign of mass cell destruction and consequently pathological process. In this experiment 3 groups of fish (European carp) were formed, 10 fish in each group: control group; 1-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.06 mg/l lead acetate concentration (10 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation); 2-experimental group – fish were contained in water with 0.6 mg/l lead acetate concentration (100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit according to the laws of the Russian Federation). Exposure time was 4 hours. The blood samplings were taken from heart by syringe and placed in dry test tubes. After centrifugation of the samplings in non-hemolysed serum samples ALT and AST activities were assessed by standard methods. The study revealed that there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 43.8% (30.83±1.14 IU/l) and 17.58% (266.52±6.37 IU/l) accordingly in 1-experimental group in compare with control group (21.44±2.17 IU/l and 226.68±4.35 IU/l). In case where the lead acetate concentration were 100 times higher than fishery waters permissible exposure limit there were meaningful elevation of ALT and AST serum activity (P ≤ 0.001) by 74.86 % (37.49±2.76 IU/l) and 66.23% (376.82±19.45 IU/l) accordingly in 2-experimental group in compare with control group. After analyzing the received data there were established meaningful aminotransferases serum activity elevation under the influence of various lead concentrations in European carp. This is possibly connected to lipid peroxygenation processes disruption in muscles and liver under the lead toxic influence.
PSXI-24 Rumen temperature, fermentation and microbial signatures are poorly associated with steer feed-efficiency profiles
Authors: Durunna Obioha N , Damiran Daalkhaijav , Campbell John R , Carroll Jeffery A , Lardner Bart 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Breeding feed-efficient cattle can reduce the environmental footprint of beef operations but assessing all replacement candidates for feed-intake is not practical due to cost implications. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate if rumen temperature (RumT), measured with wireless rumen Thermobolus® can distinguish steers with different feed-efficiency profiles and whether steers with divergent efficiency profiles have different nutrient fermentation signatures. The study also validated the relationship between rectal temperature (RecT) and RumT measured with automatic thermistors. Residual feed intake (RFI) profiles of 160 steers were measured over two years. All steers were assessed for RFI profiles using high and moderate forage diets, respectively, over two successive periods each year. Each steer was fitted with a rumen Thermobolus® throughout each ~80-d test period while half of the steers wore an automatic temperature-logger rectal device for ~30d. The devices recorded the RumT and RecT every 5 minutes, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were collected from high-RFI (n = 5) and low-RFI (n = 5) steers to assess if differences in rumen fermentation and microbial profiles exist. Circadian-adjusted RumT and RecT for each steer were used for analysis. The within-period correlations between RumT and RecT ranged between 49 and 77%. There was a trend (P = 0.08) that differences exist for rhythm-adjusted temperatures among different RFI profiles with low-RFI steers (39.72±0.01oC) having lower average RumT than those in high (39.75±0.01oC) or medium (39.74±0.01oC) classes. The correlation between the two test-periods for rhythm-adjusted RumT was 65% while the correlation between RFI from both periods was 47%. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.30) between high- and low-RFI animals for the total or individual volatile fatty acid fractions or microbial populations. The narrow temperature variation among RFI classes limits its use as screening tool but the higher across-period correlation encourages the need for further studies into alternative potential applications.
PSIX-38 Influence of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) tannin extract fed at differing rates in a high-roughage diet on energy partitioning in beef steers
Authors: Norris Aaron B , Crossland Whitney L , Tedeschi Luis O , Foster Jamie L , Muir James P , Pinchak William 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate how quebracho tannin (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet affected energy partitioning of growing beef steers. Ruminant production is essential to meeting the protein requirements of an increasing global population. However, gaseous byproducts from ruminant production, such as methane (CH4), not only reduce energetic efficiency, it can also be detrimental to the environment. Feed-grade antibiotics have traditionally been utilized for improved feed efficiency; however, consumer perception has prompted the pursuit of natural rumen modulators. Condensed tannins are a potential alternative due to their capacity for enhancing protein efficiency and reducing CH4. In our study, a 4 x 8 Latin rectangle design utilizing four periods and 8 British crossbred steers (236 ± 16 kg) were used to determine the effects of QT fed at 0 (control), 1.5, 3, and 4.5% of DM, within a roughage-based ration. Following 12-d dietary adaptation, animals were relocated to open-circuit respiration calorimetry chambers fitted with metabolism stands for gas exchange measurements and collection of total feces and urine over 48 h. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model with animal and period as random factors. Inclusion of QT had no effect on intake, fiber digestibility, or nitrogen retention (P &gt; 0.10). Provision of QT increased fecal energy, resulting in reduced digestible energy (DE) (P &lt; 0.01). Urinary energy was not different (P = 0.49) but gas energy decreased (P &lt; 0.01) as QT inclusion increased. Metabolizable energy (ME) decreased linearly as QT increased (P &lt; 0.01), but all treatments maintained a ME-to-DE ratio of 0.86. Heat energy decreased (P = 0.01) with increased QT rate; however, there was no difference in retained energy. Although QT reduced gas and heat energy, this could not compensate for the reduction in digestible energy, leading to decreased energetic efficiency with QT inclusion.
PSIX-29 Effect of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) extract inclusion in a high roughage diet upon in situ digestion
Authors: Batista Luiz Fernando Dias , Norris Aaron B , Rivera Madeline , D’ Souza Genevieve , Adams Jordan , Tedeschi Luis O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective was to determine the effect of quebracho tannin extract (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet upon dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (DMD and NDFD, respectively). The use of natural plant secondary compounds as a feed additive in animal nutrition has been studied due to their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions in both ruminants and non-ruminants. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation has demonstrated potential to mitigate CH4 emissions, but this commonly corresponds with reduced ruminal fiber degradation. However, prolonged supplementation of CT in a roughage-based diet is limited within the literature. Twenty rumen cannulated animals (227 ± 19 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n = 4): QT at 0, 1, 2, and 3% of DM (QT0, QT1, QT2, and QT3). A maintenance-fed diet containing 88% bermudagrass hay and 12% concentrate was offered at 2.1% of shrunk body weight. Steers were adapted to the base diet for 24-d then introduced to predetermined treatments for 35 d. In situ digestibility data were collected weekly over 5 wk. Digestibility estimates were determined using 48-h in situ disappearance of DM and NDF. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. There was no difference in DM or NDF intake for dietary treatment (P = 0.66, and P = 0.65, respectively). However, on week 2 QT2 had lower DMD (P = 0.03) and tended to decrease NDFD (P = 0.06) compared to QT1, and QT3. In contrast, there was no observed difference (P = 0.22) in DMD, and NDFD on week 1, 3, 4, 5, and when the 5-wk data were combined. The addition of QT up to 3% DM in a roughage-based diet does not sacrifice DMD and NDFD over time, but it is not clear as to why QT2 affected DMD and NDFD.
PSXI-14 Supplementation with a blend containing Baccharis dracunculifolia and Tamarindus indica improve the oxidative state of steers in finishing phase
Authors: Avila Vicente A Diaz , Bonin Edineia , Carvalho Venício M , Moreira Lucas Stafuza , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Mottin Camila , Filho Benicio Alves de Abreu , Prado Ivanor Nunes do 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Tissue oxidative stress has been associated with low productivity of beef cattle. Supplementation of animals with natural antioxidants added to the diet may be an alternative to improve the tissue oxidative status and the productivity of steers at finishing phase. The present study evaluated whether the addition to the diet of a blend (Mix) containing Baccharis dracunculifolia (40%), Tamarindus indica seed (40%), cashew nutshell oil (10%) and clove oil (10%) modifies the oxidative state in the plasma and liver of steers (Angus x Zebu) in finishing phase. Forty animals were randomly distributed into four groups (ten animal per group), which received Mix respectively at the daily dose of 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 g per animal during 84 days. Blood and liver were taken at slaughter of the animals. Blood samples were also taken before starting the supplementation and served as control. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), thiol groups and protein carbonyl groups were measured as plasma parameters of oxidative stress. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl groups, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione and the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured as hepatic parameter of oxidative stress. Plasma levels of protein carbonyl groups were 30% lower in the animals supplemented with 4.0 and 6.0 g Mix and FRAP was 20% higher in the animals supplemented with 6.0 g Mix (P &lt; 0.05; compared to the 0.0 g). Hepatic levels of TBARS were 38% lower in animals supplemented with 6.0 g Mix (P &lt; 0.05). The other parameters were not modified. In conclusion, the supplementation of steers with Mix improved the systemic oxidative status and may be a complementary alternative to the diet of these animals in the termination phase.
PSXI-12 Comparative metabolomics of blood plasma from Hanwoo beef cattle at different ages and fed diets with different nutritional levels, by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Jeong Jin Young , Kim Minseok , Reddy Kondreddy Eswar , Lee Seul , Cho Soohyun , Lee Hyun-Jeong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Blood metabolome can be used to estimate the growth, nutrition, and health status of livestock. The objective of this study is to find the differently expressed metabolome according to ages and nutritional levels in feeds to predict and control cattle performances. We used Hanwoo cattle at different ages that were fed diets with different nutritional levels. One hundred thirty two blood samples were collected from 22 Hanwoo steers at 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 months and compared their blood metabolomes by using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results of our comparative analysis showed clear discriminations in blood metabolomic profiles among the ages but not between nutritional levels. Based on the results of t-test, fold changes, and partial least square discriminant analysis, 19 metabolites showed high sensitivity for ages. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, betaine, carnitine, choline, citrulline, creatine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lactate, leucine, proline, pyruvate, serine, tryptophan, and valine could be directly linked to ages. In particular, three metabolic pathways, ammonia recycling; urea cycle; and glycine and serine metabolism were shown to be enriched with the ages (FDR &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05). Thus, the differently expressed metabolites and their related metabolic pathways in the blood plasma may contribute to the biomarkers which indicate the potential for early growing and fattening of indiviual beef cattle. Our findings may allow for better understanding of the mechanism of cattle growth physiology and metabolism, which is necessary for selecting appropriate feeding strategies to improve beef quality and productivity.
PSXII-30 The combination of essential oils and exogenous amylases reduces fecal starch of feedlot finishing cattle fed different roughage sources
Authors: Toseti Laura B , Goulard Rodrigo , Gouvêa Vinícius , Acedo Tiago S , Vasconcellos Guilherme S , Leme Paulo Roberto , Netto Arlindo Saran , Silva Saulo L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Eighty-eight feedlot finishing Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design (initial BW) with a 2×2 factorial arrangement to test the effects of two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin, 26 mg/kg DM vs. Crina®RumistarTM - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/ kg DM; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources (CS - corn silage vs. SB - sugarcane bagasse) on fecal starch. Animals were adapted to the high grain diets, starting with 20% of physically effective NDF of each roughage source, and gradually decreased to 10% after 20-d. Final diets contained 19.5% CS or 12% SB, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CS and SB diets, respectively), 5.5% soybean meal, 4% mineral and vitamin mixture and 0.3% urea, on DM basis. Feed intake was daily recorded individually during 104 days using individual pens or Calan-gate system. To determine fecal starch concentration, feces from each animal were sampled on days 0, 58 and 85-d of the feeding period. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS considering roughage source, feed additives and interaction as fixed and block as random effects. No interaction between feed additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed CS had 20% higher DMI (P &lt; 0.0001) than those fed SB, but roughage sources not affected (P = 0.15) fecal starch concentration. Diets containing different additives did not affect DMI (P = 0.17); however, animals fed Crina®RumistarTM had 21% lower fecal starch concentration (15.9 vs. 21.1 %DM; P = 0.01) than animals fed MON, respectively. Therefore, supplementation with Crina®RumistarTM is an effective substitute of monensin in finishing cattle fed high concentration diets regardless of roughage source, improving the use of starch by the animals and reducing its excretion, reflecting on a lower environmental impact.