bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial: glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C virus—do baseline resistance‐associated substitutions matter?
Authors: Kwong Allison J. , Kwo Paul Y. 
Published: March 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Singh et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15633 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15666.
Letter: are opioid prescriptions associated with hepatic encephalopathy in patients with compensated cirrhosis?
Authors: Li Chao , Liang Lei , Jia Hang‐Dong , Diao Yong‐Kang , Yang Tian 
Published: March 2020

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Moon et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15639 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15669.
Delayed vs initial cytomegalovirus prophylaxis after kidney transplantation
Authors: Laub Melissa R. , Byrns Jennifer , Gommer Jennifer , Ellis Matthew , Harris Matt 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is recommended to start cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis within 10 days of solid organ transplant, if indicated. Our center underwent a cost‐savings initiative to delay CMV prophylaxis initiation from postoperative day zero to postoperative day 7 or upon discharge, hypothesizing this would not affect clinical outcomes but could impact costs. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the effects of early vs delayed (<72 vs >72 hours after transplant) CMV prophylaxis in kidney and kidney/pancreas transplant recipients transplanted between June 2014 and January 2017. The primary endpoint was incidence of CMV infection within 1 year. Secondary endpoints included CMV disease, CMV testing, and valganciclovir cost during index hospitalization. A total of 173 patients (114 early, 59 delayed) were included. CMV infection occurred in 61% vs 54% in the early vs delayed group (P = .5). Excluding low‐level DNAemia (QNAT < 200 IU/mL), infection occurred in 30% vs 22% in the early vs late group (P = .4). The median days to starting prophylaxis were 0 and 6 in the early and delayed group (P < .05), which led to a median cost savings of $497.00 per patient during index hospitalization (P < .05). Delaying prophylaxis initiation did not impact CMV outcomes in this cohort and decreased costs.
Dewey and Possibility: Challenging Neoliberalism in Education
Authors: d'Agnese Vasco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, critiques of neoliberalism have been widespread within the scholarly literature on education. Despite the lack of a clear definition of what neoliberalism in education is and entails, researchers from different fields and perspectives have widely criticized the neoliberal educational mindset for its narrowness, lack of democratic engagement, and objectification of educational practices. In this essay, through an analysis of a particular aspect of Dewey's oeuvre — namely, Dewey's commitment to the “unattained” and “wonderful possibilities” of experience and education — I argue that educational neoliberalism should be refuted above all on the basis of its lack of intelligence and professional weakness. With regard to this, I contend that educational neoliberalism, despite its relative sophistication, is but another form authoritarian teaching. Dewey, in contrast, challenged the view of education as a means for achieving predetermined goals, and instead conceived of education as an end in itself, something imbued with the unpredictable space of pure possibility.
Analysis of antiseizure drug‐related adverse reactions from the electronic health record using the common data model
Authors: Choi Sun Ah , Kim Hunmin , Kim Seok , Yoo Sooyoung , Yi Soyoung , Jeon Yonghoon , Hwang Hee , Kim Ki Joong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveAntiseizure drugs (ASDs) are known to cause a wide range of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Recently, electronic health care data using the common data model (CDM) have been introduced and commonly adopted in pharmacovigilance research. We aimed to analyze ASD‐related ADRs using CDM and to assess the feasibility of CDM analysis in monitoring ADR in a single tertiary hospital.MethodsWe selected five ASDs: oxcarbazepine (OXC), lamotrigine (LTG), levetiracetam (LEV), valproic acid (VPA), and topiramate (TPM). Patients diagnosed with epilepsy and exposed to monotherapy with one of the ASDs before age 18 years were included. We measured four ADR outcomes: (1) hematologic abnormality, (2) hyponatremia, (3) elevation of liver enzymes, and (4) subclinical hypothyroidism. We performed a subgroup analysis to exclude the effects of concomitant medications.ResultsFrom the database, 1344 patients were included for the study. Of the 1344 patients, 436 were receiving OXC, 293 were receiving LTG, 275 were receiving LEV, 180 were receiving VPA, and 160 were receiving TPM. Thrombocytopenia developed in 14.1% of patients taking VPA. Hyponatremia occurred in 10.5% of patients taking OXC. Variable ranges of liver enzyme elevation were detected in 19.3% of patients taking VPA. Subclinical hypothyroidism occurred in approximately 21.5% to 28% of patients with ASD monotherapy, which did not significantly differ according to the type of ASD. In a subgroup analysis, we observed similar ADR tendencies, but with less thrombocytopenia in the TPM group.SignificanceThe incidence and trends of ADRs that were evaluated by CDM were similar to the previous literature. CDM can be a useful tool for analyzing ASD‐related ADRs in a multicenter study. The strengths and limitations of CDM should be carefully addressed.
Patterns in nonstructural carbohydrate contents at the tree organ level in response to drought duration
Authors: He Wenqi , Liu Hongyan , Qi Yang , Liu Feng , Zhu Xinrong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) facilitate the adaptation of trees to drought stress. There have been a large number of studies exploring NSC changes in individual plant species and individual organ under drought and showed different trends; however, an understanding of the universal pattern of the plant NSCs responses to drought, particularly to drought duration, is still lacking. Here, we compiled data from 47 experimental studies on 52 tree species and conducted a meta‐analysis to evaluate the responses of soluble sugars, starch, and TNSC (total nonstructural carbohydrates including both soluble sugars and starch) concentrations in different tree organs (leaf, stem, and root) to drought intensity and duration. We found that starch in all organs decreased and soluble sugars in leaf increased with prolonged experiment time, and the changes in soluble sugars in all organs were stronger under severe drought than under slight‐to‐moderate drought. Under slight‐to‐moderate drought, the NSC content of each organ varied with time, while with the extension of the drought duration, the NSCs gradually approached the control value (no drought stress); this trend remained in the late drought, which means that trees activated physiological regulation processes to increase carbon storage and reduce the risks of carbon starvation. In contrast, long‐term severe drought could lead to a net loss of carbohydrates, especially in the root, implying that prolonged severe drought could lead to NSC depletion in the whole plant. As prolonged drought duration has occurred in and is projected for many regions, this paper could shed light into studies on how trees respond and adapt extending drought duration through nonstructural carbon production, transportation, and reallocation.
Mediating engagement in a social network intervention for people living with a long‐term condition: A qualitative study of the role of facilitation
Authors: James Elizabeth , Kennedy Anne , Vassilev Ivaylo , Ellis Jaimie , Rogers Anne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful facilitation of patient‐centred interventions for self‐management support has traditionally focussed on individual behaviour change. A social network approach to self‐management support implicates the need for facilitation that includes an orientation to connecting to and mobilizing support and resources from other people and the local environment.ObjectiveTo identify the facilitation processes through which engagement with a social network approach to self‐management is achieved.MethodThematic analysis was used to analyse data from a longitudinal study design using quasi‐ethnographic methods comprising non‐participant observation, video and qualitative interviews involving 30 participants living with a long‐term condition recruited from a marginalized community.ResultsFindings centred on three themes about the social network approach facilitation processes: reversing the focus on the self by bringing others into view; visualization and reflection as a mediator of positive disruption and linking to new connections; personalized matching of valued activities as a means of realizing preference elicitation.Discussion and conclusionsEngagement processes with a social network approach illuminated the relevance of cognizance of an individual's immediate social context and forefronting social participation with others as the bases of self‐management support of a long‐term condition. This differs from traditional guided facilitation of health behaviour interventions that frame health as a matter of personal choice and individual responsibility.
How satisfied are you with your job? Estimating the reliability of scores on a single‐item job satisfaction measure
Authors: Ock Jisoo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEstimating the reliability of scores on single‐item measures can be difficult because commonly used internal consistency estimates of reliability cannot be calculated. When longitudinal data is available, statistical models can be used to decompose the variability in the latent variable at each wave into trait versus state variance. Then, reliability can be estimated as a ratio of the sum of the trait variance that is captured in repeated assessments over the total variance. The current study used latent trait‐state‐error models on a nine‐year longitudinal data (N = 5,003) to estimate the test–retest reliability of scores on a single‐item measure of job satisfaction. Results showed that job satisfaction scores were somewhat unreliable (rxx = .49–.59) and amenable to change.
Impact of donor‐related arteriosclerosis in pretransplant biopsy on long‐term outcome of living‐kidney transplantation: A propensity score‐matched cohort study
Authors: Kakuta Yoichi , Okumi Masayoshi , Kanzawa Taichi , Unagami Kohei , Iizuka Junpei , Takagi Toshio , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo compare the long‐term outcome and complications of living‐kidney grafts with arteriosclerosis to those without abnormal findings diagnosed using pretransplant graft biopsy, and to assess the impact of the arteriosclerosis in living‐donor kidneys.MethodsThe influence of arteriosclerosis in pretransplant biopsy on long‐term outcomes and complications was evaluated in both unmatched (n = 1351, without arteriosclerosis n = 788 vs with arteriosclerosis n = 563) and propensity score‐matched cohorts (n = 984, without arteriosclerosis n = 492 vs with arteriosclerosis n = 492) of adults who underwent living‐kidney transplant.ResultsIn both the unmatched and matched cohort, there was no significant difference in patient and death‐censored graft survival at 10 years between the without arteriosclerosis and with arteriosclerosis groups. The with arteriosclerosis group had a higher incidence rate of overall rejection than did the without arteriosclerosis group in both the unmatched (P = 0.026) and matched (P = 0.060) cohorts. The with arteriosclerosis group had significantly higher chronic antibody‐mediated rejection than did the without arteriosclerosis group (P = 0.006) in the unmatched cohort. The with arteriosclerosis group had a significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate in recipients, but there was no significant difference after matching. The incidence rates of calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and post‐transplant anemia were significantly higher in the with arteriosclerosis group than in the without arteriosclerosis group in both the unmatched and matched cohorts. Long‐term postoperative kidney function of living donors was lower in the with arteriosclerosis group.ConclusionsKidney graft with arteriosclerosis might affect the incidence of rejection, complications and postoperative kidney function of donors. Long‐term careful observation is required for both the recipients who received grafts with arteriosclerosis and the donors who had kidneys with arteriosclerosis.
Visceral adipose tissue Tregs and the cells that nurture them
Authors: Li Chaoran , Spallanzani Raul German , Mathis Diane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a primary site for storage of excess energy, but it also serves as an important endocrine organ that impacts organismal metabolism. Chronic, low‐grade inflammation of VAT, and eventually systemically, is one of the major drivers of obesity‐associated insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities. A unique population of regulatory T cells (Tregs), with a distinct transcriptional profile and antigen receptor repertoire resides in VAT, keeps inflammation in check and regulates organismal metabolism. Accumulation of these cells depends on interactions with other local immunocytes and, importantly, subtypes of VAT mesenchymal stromal cells (VmSCs) that are either immunomodulators or adipogenic. We summarize our current understanding of the phenotype, function, dependencies, derivation, and modulations of VAT Tregs, and review the heterogeneity and regulation of VmSCs as well as their cross talk with VAT Tregs. Lastly, we discuss imperative questions remaining to be answered.
Effect of pore solution calcium and substrate calcium on PMMA/cement paste interface during early stages of hydration
Authors: Konanur Nagesh Ashwin , Kamala Ilango Nirrupama , Alex Aleena , Ghosh Pijush 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe interfacial shear strength of polymer thin film coating on calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) or cement paste significantly depends on the time‐point, from addition of water, when the polymer is coated. This is because the physico‐chemical properties of C–S–H surface evolve over time as hydration progresses. The instant of coating thus determines the interfacial performance of a thin film coating in an organic‐inorganic material system. In this work, we provide molecular insights into the interactions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) functional groups with the pore solution calcium and bound substrate calcium present in hydrating C–S–H. The experimental observation reveals that PMMA thin film coated on second day of hydration exhibits larger interfacial shear strength than when coated on the 28th day. The possible reasons for this observations are: a) chemical crosslinking of two oxygen atoms from two different PMMA polymer chains by pore solution calcium ions and b) the physical interaction between double bond oxygen (O1) present in –COO functional group of PMMA with pore solution calcium. In this work, physical interaction between double bond oxygen (O1) present in –COO functional group of PMMA with pore solution calcium and substrate calcium in C–S–H is addressed.
Effect of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) on melting gel behavior
Authors: Klein Lisa C. , Al‐Marzoki Kutaiba , Jitianu Andrei , Rodriguez Gabriela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo increase the connectivity of the molecular structure but not to prevent softening, small amounts of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) were added to phenyl‐substituted melting gels. The limit of the additions was determined when the melting gel lost its ability to soften. A comparison was made between TEOS diluted with ethanol, TEOS diluted with methanol, and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) diluted with methanol. The additions had slight effects on the glass transition behavior, the gelling time and the indentation hardness. The role of the TEOS was both a form of dilution and a cross‐linking promoter.
Inhibition of Interleukin‐6/glycoprotein 130 signalling by Bazedoxifene ameliorates cardiac remodelling in pressure overload mice
Authors: Shi Wei , Ma Haiyan , Liu Tianshu , Yan Dan , Luo Pengcheng , Zhai Maocai , Tao Jingwen , Huo Shengqi , Guo Junyi , Li Chenglong , Lin Jiayuh , Zhang Cuntai , Li Sheng , Lv Jiagao , Lin Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe role of IL‐6 signalling in hypertensive heart disease and its sequelae is controversial. Our group demonstrated that Bazedoxifene suppressed IL‐6/gp130 signalling in cancer cells but its effect on myocardial pathology induced by pressure overload is still unknown. We explored whether Bazedoxifene could confer benefits in wild‐type C57BL/6J mice suffering from transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and the potential mechanisms in H9c2 myoblasts. Mice were randomized into three groups (Sham, TAC, TAC+Bazedoxifene, n = 10). Morphological and histological observations suggested TAC aggravated myocardial remodelling while long‐term intake of Bazedoxifene (5 mg/kg, intragastric) attenuated pressure overload‐induced pathology. Echocardiographic results indicated Bazedoxifene rescued cardiac function in part. We found Bazedoxifene decreased the mRNA expression of IL‐6, MMP2, Col1A1, Col3A1 and periostin in murine hearts after 8‐week surgery. By Western blot detection, we found Bazedoxifene exhibited an inhibition of STAT3 activation in mice three hours and 8 weeks after TAC. Acute TAC stress (3 hours) led to down‐regulated ratio of LC3‐Ⅱ/LC3‐Ⅰ, while in mice after long‐term (8 weeks) TAC this ratio becomes higher than that in Sham mice. Bazedoxifene inverted the autophagic alteration induced by TAC at both two time‐points. In H9c2 myoblasts, Bazedoxifene suppressed the IL‐6‐induced STAT3 activation. Moreover, IL‐6 reduced the ratio of LC3‐Ⅱ/LC3‐Ⅰ, promoted P62 expression but Bazedoxifene reversed both changes in H9c2 cells. Our data suggested Bazedoxifene inhibited IL‐6/gp130 signalling and protected against cardiac remodelling together with function deterioration in TAC mice.
Temporally consistent species differences in parasite infection but no evidence for rapid parasite‐mediated speciation in Lake Victoria cichlid fish
Authors: Gobbin Tiziana P. , Vanhove Maarten P. M. , Pariselle Antoine , Groothuis Ton G. G. , Maan Martine E. , Seehausen Ole 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParasites may have strong eco‐evolutionary interactions with their hosts. Consequently, they may contribute to host diversification. The radiation of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria provides a good model to study the role of parasites in the early stages of speciation. We investigated patterns of macroparasite infection in a community of 17 sympatric cichlids from a recent radiation and 2 older species from 2 nonradiating lineages, to explore the opportunity for parasite‐mediated speciation. Host species had different parasite infection profiles, which were only partially explained by ecological factors (diet, water depth). This may indicate that differences in infection are not simply the result of differences in exposure, but that hosts evolved species‐specific resistance, consistent with parasite‐mediated divergent selection. Infection was similar between sampling years, indicating that the direction of parasite‐mediated selection is stable through time. We morphologically identified 6Cichlidogyrusspecies, a gill parasite that is considered a good candidate for driving parasite‐mediated speciation, because it is host species‐specific and has radiated elsewhere in Africa. Species composition ofCichlidogyrusinfection was similar among the most closely related host species (members of the Lake Victoria radiation), but two more distantly related species (belonging to nonradiating sister lineages) showed distinct infection profiles. This is inconsistent with a role forCichlidogyrusin the early stages of divergence. To conclude, we find significant interspecific variation in parasite infection profiles, which is temporally consistent. We found no evidence thatCichlidogyrus‐mediated selection contributes to the early stages of speciation. Instead, our findings indicate that species differences in infection accumulateafterspeciation.
THE EVOLUTION PROCESS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDIES IN THE 21ST CENTURY: RESEARCH INSIGHTS FROM TOP BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS JOURNALS
Authors: Lu Ren , Lu Qi , Lv Daguo , Huang Yuxiang , Li Shuping , Jian Ze , Reve Torger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study involves a literature survey of 1710 entrepreneurship papers published in 28 top business and economics journals in 12 research disciplines. This paper finds that despite increased recognition of the importance of entrepreneurship, the research literature on entrepreneurship remains fragmented. Studies of entrepreneurship processes have been the dominant theme, but new issues of entrepreneurship are emerging. Based on the entrepreneurship reviewed, this paper summarizes potential research directions.
Reproductive health, fairness, and optimal policies
Authors: Etner Johanna , Raffin Natacha , Seegmuller Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe consider an overlapping generations economy in which agents differ through their ability to procreate. Ex‐ante infertile households may incur health expenditure to increase their chances of parenthood. This health heterogeneity generates welfare inequalities that deserve to be ruled out. We explore three different criteria of social evaluation in the long‐run: the utilitarian approach, the ex‐ante egalitarian criterion and the ex‐post egalitarian one. We propose a set of economic instruments to decentralize each solution. To correct for the externalities and health inequalities, both a preventive (a taxation of capital) and a redistributive policy are required. We show that a more egalitarian allocation is associated with higher productive investment but reduced health expenditure and thus, lower population growth.
Trait–abundance relationships in tree communities along temperature and successional gradients
Authors: Aiba Masahiro , Kurokawa Hiroko , Onoda Yusuke , Nakashizuka Tohru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractQuestionsFunctional traits of species, which are responsible for demographic characteristics, environmental preferences, and competitive abilities, may have essential linkages with species abundance in a community, but we lack a general understanding of trait–abundance relationships in tree communities. This study investigated three questions: (a) is the relative abundance of tree species monotonically correlated with their functional traits; (b) are abundant species functionally similar or dissimilar to each other; and (c) do trait–abundance relationships change along temperature or successional gradients?LocationA total of 3,799 lowland natural forest sites along a 1,500‐km latitudinal gradient in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed trait–abundance relationships (correlations and functional similarity/dissimilarity of abundant species) and their responses to temperature and successional gradients in 3,799 tree communities across multiple biomes in Japan. We focused on five functional traits whose relationships with plant performance are well known: adult height, leaf mass per area (LMA), seed mass, wood density, and leaf size.ResultsAcross the temperature and successional gradients, the abundance of a tree species in a local community was often positively correlated with adult height, LMA, seed mass, and wood density and negatively correlated with leaf size. In contrast, whether abundant species are functionally similar or dissimilar to each other was clearly context‐dependent for all five traits. Changes in the similarity/dissimilarity patterns across the temperature and successional gradients were not consistent among the five traits.ConclusionsThe trait–abundance relationships suggest that a long life, a high survival rate, stress tolerance, and/or competitive ability are key properties for higher abundance in a tree community across temperature and successional gradients. However, the fact that dominant species are not always functionally similar to each other suggests that mechanisms that prevent these species from competitively excluding other species, such as gap dynamics, are also important.