bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hidden risk of ionizing radiation in the operating room: a survey among 258 orthopaedic surgeons in Brazil
Authors: Pires Robinson Esteves , Reis Igor Guedes Nogueira , de Faria Ângelo Ribeiro Vaz , Giordano Vincenzo , Labronici Pedro José , Belangero William Dias 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aims to assess orthopaedic surgeon knowledge in Brazil about ionizing radiation and its health implications on surgical teams and patients.

Methods
A 15-question survey on theoretical and practical concepts of ionizing radiation was administered during the 23rd Brazilian Orthopaedic Trauma Association annual meeting. The survey addressed issues within orthopedic surgery, such as radiation safety concepts, protection, exposure, as well as the participant gender. Participants were either orthopedic surgeons or orthopedic surgery residents working at institutions in Brazil.

Results
One thousand surveys were distributed at the moment of the meeting registration, and 258 were answered completely (25.8% response rate). Only 5.8% of participants used basic radiation protection equipment; 47.3% used a dosimeter; 2.7% reached the annual maximum permissible radiation dose; 10.5% knew the period of increased risk to fetal gestation; 5.8% knew the maximum permissible radiation dose during pregnancy; 58.5% knew that the hands, eyes, and thyroid are the most exposed areas and at greater risk of radiation-related lesions; 25.2% knew the safe distance from a radiation-emitting tube is 3 m or more; 44.2% knew the safest positioning of the radiation-emitting tube; 25.2% knew that smaller tubes emit greater radiation at the entrance dose to magnify the image; and 55.4% knew that the surgery team receives more scattered radiation in surgical procedures performed on obese patients.

Conclusion
This study revealed inadequate theoretical and practical knowledge about radiation exposure among orthopaedic surgeons in Brazil. Only a minority of orthopaedic surgeons used basic radiation protection equipment. No significant differences in knowledge were found when comparing all orthopedic surgery specialties. Our findings indicate an urgent need for education to increase knowledge among orthopaedic surgeons about the hazards of ionizing radiation. Personal protection and implementation of the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) protocol in daily practice are important behaviors to prevent the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
Arginine is neuroprotective through suppressing HIF-1α/LDHA-mediated inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Song-Feng , Pan Meng-Xian , Tang Jun-Chun , Cheng Jing , Zhao Dan , Zhang Ya , Liao Hua-Bao , Liu Rui , Zhuang Yang , Zhang Zhi-Feng , Chen Juan , Lei Rui-Xue , Li Shi-Fang , Li Huan-Ting , Wang Ze-Fen , Wan Qi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNeuroinflammation is a secondary response following ischemia stroke. Arginine is a non-essential amino acid that has been shown to inhibit acute inflammatory reaction. In this study we show that arginine treatment decreases neuronal death after rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and improves functional recovery of stroke animals. We also show that arginine suppresses inflammatory response in the ischemic brain tissue and in the cultured microglia after OGD insult. We further provide evidence that the levels of HIF-1α and LDHA are increased after rat I/R injury and that arginine treatment prevents the elevation of HIF-1α and LDHA after I/R injury. Arginine inhibits inflammatory response through suppression of HIF-1α and LDHA in the rat ischemic brain tissue and in the cultured microglia following OGD insult, and protects against ischemic neuron death after rat I/R injury by attenuating HIF-1α/LDHA-mediated inflammatory response. Together, these results indicate a possibility that arginine-induced neuroprotective effect may be through the suppression of HIF-1α/LDHA-mediated inflammatory response in microglia after cerebral ischemia injury.
Circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-3 at admission is associated with circulatory failure, acute kidney injury and death in severely ill burn patients
Authors:   for the PRONOBURN group, Dépret François , Amzallag Juliette , Pollina Adrien , Fayolle-Pivot Laure , Coutrot Maxime , Chaussard Maïté , Santos Karine , Hartmann Oliver , Jully Marion , Fratani Alexandre , Oueslati Haikel , Cupaciu Alexandru , Benyamina Mourad , Guillemet Lucie , Deniau Benjamin , Mebazaa Alexandre , Gayat Etienne , Farny Boris , Textoris Julien , Legrand Matthieu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Dipeptidyl peptidase-3 (DPP3) is a metallopeptidase which cleaves bioactive peptides, notably angiotensin II, and is involved in inflammation regulation. DPP3 has been proposed to be a myocardial depressant factor and to be involved in circulatory failure in acute illnesses, possibly due to angiotensin II cleavage. In this study, we evaluated the association between plasmatic DPP3 level and outcome (mortality and hemodynamic failure) in severely ill burn patients.

Methods
In this biomarker analysis of a prospective cohort study, we included severely ill adult burn patients in two tertiary burn intensive care units. DPP3 was measured at admission (DPP3admin) and 3 days after. The primary endpoint was 90-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were hemodynamic failure and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Results
One hundred and eleven consecutive patients were enrolled. The median age was 48 (32.5–63) years, with a median total body surface area burned of 35% (25–53.5) and Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) of 8 (7–11). Ninety-day mortality was 32%. The median DPP3admin was significantly higher in non-survivors versus survivors (53.3 ng/mL [IQR 28.8–103.5] versus 27.1 ng/mL [IQR 19.4–38.9]; p < 0.0001). Patients with a sustained elevated DPP3 had an increased risk of death compared to patients with high DPP3admin but decreased levels on day 3. Patients with circulatory failure had higher DPP3admin (39.2 ng/mL [IQR 25.9–76.1] versus 28.4 ng/mL [IQR 19.8–39.6]; p = 0.001) as well as patients with AKI (49.7 ng/mL [IQR 30.3–87.3] versus 27.6 ng/mL [IQR 19.4–41.4]; p = 0.001). DPP3admin added prognostic value on top of ABSI (added chi2 12.2, p = 0.0005), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at admission (added chi2 4.9, p = 0.0268), and plasma lactate at admission (added chi2 6.9, p = 0.0086) to predict circulatory failure within the first 48 h.

Conclusions
Plasma DPP3 concentration at admission was associated with an increased risk of death, circulatory failure, and AKI in severely burned patients. Whether DPP3 plasma levels could identify patients who would respond to alternative hemodynamic support strategies, such as intravenous angiotensin II, should be explored.
Species and sex-specific chemosensory gene expression in Anopheles coluzzii and An. quadriannulatus antennae
Authors: Athrey Giridhar , Popkin-Hall Zachary , Cosme Luciano Veiga , Takken Willem , Slotman Michel Andre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory cues drive mosquito behaviors such as host-seeking, locating sugar sources and oviposition. These behaviors can vary between sexes and closely related species. For example, the malaria vectorAnopheles coluzziiis highly anthropophilic, whereasAn. quadriannulatusis not. These behavioral differences may be reflected in chemosensory gene expression.MethodsThe expression of chemosensory genes in the antennae of both sexes ofAn. coluzziiandAn. quadriannulatuswas compared using RNA-seq. The sex-biased expression of several genes inAn. coluzziiwas also compared using qPCR.ResultsThe chemosensory expression is mostly similar in the male antennae ofAn. coluzziiandAn. quadriannulatus,with only a few modest differences in expression. A handful of chemosensory genes are male-biased in both species; the highly expressed gustatory receptorAgGr33, odorant binding proteinsAgObp25,AgObp26and possiblyAgObp10.Although the chemosensory gene repertoire is mostly shared between the sexes, several highly female-biasedAgOrs,AgIrs, and oneAgObpwere identified, including several whose expression is biased towards the anthropophilicAn. coluzzii. Additionally, the expression of several chemosensory genes is biased towardsAn. coluzziiin both sexes.ConclusionsChemosensory gene expression is broadly similar between species and sexes, but several sex- biased/specific genes were identified. These may modulate sex- and species-specific behaviors. Although the male behavior of these species remains poorly studied, the identification of sex- and species-specific chemosensory genes may provide fertile ground for future work.
A protocol for automated a posteriori adaptive meshing with SimVascular: a test case
Authors: Gupta Akash , Kung Ethan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
Operational details regarding the use of the adaptive meshing (AM) algorithm available in the SimVascular package are scarce despite its application in several studies. Lacking these details, novice users of the AM algorithm may experience undesirable outcomes post-adaptation such as increases in mesh error metrics, unpredictable increases in mesh size, and losses in geometric fidelity. Here we present a test case using our proposed iterative protocol that will help prevent these undesirable outcomes and enhance the utility of the AM algorithm. We present three trials (conservative, moderate, and aggressive settings) applied to a scenario modelling a Fontan junction with a patient-specific geometry and physiologically realistic boundary conditions.

Results
In all three trials, an overall reduction in mesh error metrics is observed (range 47%–86%). The increase in the number of elements through each adaptation never exceeded the mesh size of the pre-adaptation mesh by one order of magnitude. In all three trials, the protocol resulted in consistent, repeatable improvements in mesh error metrics, no losses of geometric fidelity and steady increments in the number of elements in the mesh. Our proposed protocol prevented the aforementioned undesirable outcomes and can potentially save new users considerable effort and computing resources.
EEG alpha reactivity and cholinergic system integrity in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Schumacher Julia , Thomas Alan J. , Peraza Luis R. , Firbank Michael , Cromarty Ruth , Hamilton Calum A. , Donaghy Paul C. , O’Brien John T. , Taylor John-Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLewy body dementia (LBD), which includes dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), is characterised by marked deficits within the cholinergic system which are more severe than in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are mainly caused by degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) whose widespread cholinergic projections provide the main source of cortical cholinergic innervation. EEG alpha reactivity, which refers to the reduction in alpha power over occipital electrodes upon opening the eyes, has been suggested as a potential marker of cholinergic system integrity.MethodsEyes-open and eyes-closed resting state EEG data were recorded from 41 LBD patients (including 24 patients with DLB and 17 with PDD), 21 patients with AD, and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Alpha reactivity was calculated as the relative reduction in alpha power over occipital electrodes when opening the eyes. Structural MRI data were used to assess volumetric changes within the NBM using a probabilistic anatomical map.ResultsAlpha reactivity was reduced in AD and LBD patients compared to controls with a significantly greater reduction in LBD compared to AD. Reduced alpha reactivity was associated with smaller volumes of the NBM across all groups (ρ = 0.42,pFDR = 0.0001) and in the PDD group specifically (ρ = 0.66,pFDR = 0.01).ConclusionsWe demonstrate that LBD patients show an impairment in alpha reactivity upon opening the eyes which distinguishes this form of dementia from AD. Furthermore, our results suggest that reduced alpha reactivity might be related to a loss of cholinergic drive from the NBM, specifically in PDD.
Oncopeltus-like gene expression patterns in Murgantia histrionica, a new hemipteran model system, suggest ancient regulatory network divergence
Authors: Hernandez Jessica , Pick Leslie , Reding Katie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuch has been learned about basic biology from studies of insect model systems. The pre-eminent insect model system,Drosophila melanogaster, is a holometabolous insect with a derived mode of segment formation. While additional insect models have been pioneered in recent years, most of these fall within holometabolous lineages. In contrast, hemimetabolous insects have garnered less attention, although they include agricultural pests, vectors of human disease, and present numerous evolutionary novelties in form and function. The milkweed bug,Oncopeltus fasciatus(order: Hemiptera)—close outgroup to holometabolous insects—is an emerging model system. However, comparative studies within this order are limited as many phytophagous hemipterans are difficult to stably maintain in the lab due to their reliance on fresh plants, deposition of eggs within plant material, and long development time from embryo to adult.ResultsHere we present the harlequin bug,Murgantia histrionica, as a new hemipteran model species.Murgantia—a member of the stink bug family Pentatomidae which shares a common ancestor withOncopeltus ~ 200 mya—is easy to rear in the lab, produces a large number of eggs, and is amenable to molecular genetic techniques. We useMurgantiato ask whether Pair-Rule Genes (PRGs) are deployed in ways similar to holometabolous insects or toOncopeltus. Specifically, PRGseven-skipped, odd-skipped, pairedandsloppy-pairedare initially expressed in PR-stripes inDrosophilaand a number of holometabolous insects but in segmental-stripes inOncopeltus. We found that these genes are likewise expressed in segmental-stripes inMurgantia,whileruntdisplays partial PR-character in both species. Also likeOncopeltus,E75Ais expressed in a clear PR-pattern in blastoderm- and germband-stageMurgantiaembryos, although it plays no role in segmentation inDrosophila. Thus, genes diagnostic of the split between holometabolous insects andOncopeltusare expressed in anOncopeltus-like fashion duringMurgantiadevelopment.ConclusionsThe similarity in gene expression betweenMurgantiaandOncopeltussuggests thatOncopeltusis not a sole outlier species in failing to utilize orthologs ofDrosophilaPRGs for PR-patterning. Rather, strategies deployed for PR-patterning, including the use ofE75Ain the PRG-network, are likely conserved within Hemiptera, and possibly more broadly among hemimetabolous insects.
Enhanced therapeutic effects of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles with an injectable collagen matrix for experimental acute kidney injury treatment
Authors: Liu Yue , Cui Jian , Wang Hongfen , Hezam Kamal , Zhao Xiaotong , Huang Haoyan , Chen Shang , Han Zhibo , Han Zhong-Chao , Guo Zhikun , Li Zongjin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to have therapeutic potential for ischemic diseases and are considered an alternative to cell therapy. However, the low retention and poor stability of EVs post-transplantation in vivo remain obstacle prior to the clinical application of EVs.

Methods
This study was designed to investigate whether collagen matrix could increase the retention and stability of EVs and further improve the therapeutic effects in murine acute kidney injury (AKI) model. EVs were isolated from human placental MSCs (hP-MSC-EVs) and encapsulated in a collagen matrix. Then, we investigated whether collagen matrix can prolong the retention of EVs in vivo, further enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of EVs in AKI.

Results
Our results indicated that collagen matrix could effectively encapsulate EVs, significantly increase the stability of EVs, and promote the sustained release of EVs. Collagen matrix has improved the retention of EVs in the AKI model, which was proved by Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) imaging. The application of collagen matrix remarkably facilitated the proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells in AKI compared with EVs alone. Moreover, collagen matrix could further augment the therapeutic effects of hP-MSC-EVs as revealed by angiogenesis, fibrosis and apoptosis, and functional analysis. Finally, we found that EVs play a therapeutic role by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Conclusions
Collagen matrix markedly enhanced the retention of EVs and further augmented the therapeutic effects of EVs for AKI. This strategy for improving the efficacy of EVs therapy provides a new direction for cell-free therapy.
Health and economic outcomes of treatment with extended-release naltrexone among pre-release prisoners with opioid use disorder (HOPPER): protocol for an evaluation of two randomized effectiveness trials
Authors: Murphy Sean M. , Jeng Philip J. , Poole Sabrina A. , Jalali Ali , Vocci Frank J. , Gordon Michael S. , Woody George E. , Polsky Daniel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersons with an opioid use disorder (OUD) who were incarcerated face many challenges to remaining abstinent; concomitantly, opioid-overdose is the leading cause of death among this population, with the initial weeks following release proving especially fatal. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) is the most widely-accepted, evidence-based OUD pharmacotherapy in criminal justice settings, and ensures approximately 30 days of protection from opioid overdose. The high cost of XR-NTX serves as a barrier to uptake by many prison/jail systems; however, the cost of the medication should not be viewed in isolation. Prison/jail healthcare budgets are ultimately determined by policymakers, and the benefits/cost-offsets associated with effective OUD treatment will directly and indirectly affect their overall budgets, and society as a whole.MethodsThis protocol describes a study funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) to: evaluate changes in healthcare utilization, health-related quality-of-life, and other resources associated with different strategies of XR-NTX delivery to persons with OUD being released from incarceration; and estimate the relative “value” of each strategy. Data from two ongoing, publicly-funded, randomized-controlled trials will be used to evaluate these questions. In Study A, (XR-NTX Before vs. After Reentry), participants are randomized to receive their first XR-NTX dose before release, or at a nearby program post-release. In Study B, (enhanced XR-NTX vs. XR-NTX), both arms receive XR-NTX prior to release; the enhanced arm receives mobile medical (place of residence) XR-NTX treatment post-release, and the XR-NTX arm receives referral to a community treatment program post-release. The economic data collection instruments required to evaluate outcomes of interest were incorporated into both studies from baseline. Moreover, because the same instruments are being used in both trials on comparable populations, we have the opportunity to not only assess differences in outcomes between study arms within each trial, but also to merge the data sets and test for differences across trials.DiscussionInitiating XR-NTX for OUD prior to release from incarceration may improve patient health and well-being, while also producing downstream cost-offsets. This study offers the unique opportunity to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of multiple strategies, according to different stakeholder perspectives.
Isolation and characterization of diverse microbial representatives from the human skin microbiome
Authors: Timm Collin M. , Loomis Kristin , Stone William , Mehoke Thomas , Brensinger Bryan , Pellicore Matthew , Staniczenko Phillip P.A. , Charles Curtisha , Nayak Seema , Karig David K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The skin micro-environment varies across the body, but all sites are host to microorganisms that can impact skin health. Some of these organisms are true commensals which colonize a unique niche on the skin, while open exposure of the skin to the environment also results in the transient presence of diverse microbes with unknown influences on skin health. Culture-based studies of skin microbiota suggest that skin microbes can affect skin properties, immune responses, pathogen growth, and wound healing.

Results
In this work, we greatly expanded the diversity of available commensal organisms by collecting > 800 organisms from 3 body sites of 17 individuals. Our collection includes > 30 bacterial genera and 14 fungal genera, with Staphylococcus and Micrococcus as the most prevalent isolates. We characterized a subset of skin isolates for the utilization of carbon compounds found on the skin surface. We observed that members of the skin microbiota have the capacity to metabolize amino acids, steroids, lipids, and sugars, as well as compounds originating from personal care products.

Conclusions
This collection is a resource that will support skin microbiome research with the potential for discovery of novel small molecules, development of novel therapeutics, and insight into the metabolic activities of the skin microbiota. We believe this unique resource will inform skin microbiome management to benefit skin health.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in colonic wall: metastatic disease or cancerized pancreatic ectopic tissue?
Authors: Gallo Graziana , Mangogna Alessandro , Manco Gianrocco , Caramaschi Stefania , Salviato Tiziana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe describe two unusual cases of cancerized ectopic pancreatic parenchyma within the wall of the left colon. Although the morphology of the neoplastic cells and their immunoprofile were consistent with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the detection of small foci of regular ectopic pancreatic tissue close to dysplastic glands at the periphery of the cancerized mass represented the key diagnostic features. A careful histological examination of surgical samples represents the correct approach to the diagnosis of this rare disease, mostly when total-body CT scan evaluation confirms the lack of bilio-pancreatic masses.
Pilot and feasibility trials in traditional Chinese medicine: a literature review of current practice
Authors: Li Guowei , Wu Darong , Chen Xuejiao , Zeng Jie , Li Ziyi , Thabane Lehana 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The guidelines for pilot and feasibility studies were published in 2016. Little is known about the guideline adherence of TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) pilot trials or whether the guidelines can significantly enhance the quality of implementation and reporting of TCM pilot trials. We aimed to investigate the guideline adherence, assess the impact of guidelines on TCM pilot trials, and discuss potential challenges specific to TCM pilot trials, by conducting a literature review.

Methods
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CNKI to retrieve TCM pilot trials. We randomly chose 50 pilot trials from the eligible studies for analyses. The CONSORT extension to pilot and feasibility studies was used as a framework to assess the methodology and reporting quality of the studies.

Results
The included studies had a guideline adherence level ranging from 4 to 96%, where the lowest adherence was found in the item 6c (prespecified criteria used to judge progression to future definitive trial). The guidance published in 2016 seemed to exert minimal effect on guideline adherence in TCM pilot trials. The unidentified issues related to TCM pilot trials from the guidelines included blinding, lack of standard formula of interventions, difficulty in comparison for effect assessment of interventions, and difficulty in bias control.

Conclusions
The current practice in TCM pilot trials required substantial improvement in the literature. Further endeavors are needed for training and dissemination of guideline adherence, and development of more detailed methodology in the field of TCM pilot trials.