bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile synthesis of C, N-TiO2 nanorods via layered

Ti

3

O

7

2
−

-TMAH interlaminar bonding interaction and their enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Wang Ruikai , Ma Xiuqiang , Hao Kun , Song Liang , Liu Tong , Dai Pengfei , Li Yuchao , Tjong Sie Chin , Yu Qing , Wang Zhongwei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A green and efficient photocatalyst based on C and N co-doped titanium based nanorods (NRs) was prepared by facile hydrothermal synthesis and interlaminar bonding interaction between layered

Ti

3

O

7

2
−

and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH). TMAH as one of quaternary ammonium-based compounds was used as the doping source of C and N elements. The results showed that C and N co-doping did not affect the anatase crystal structure of TiO2 NRs. C, N-TiO2 NRs showed excellent photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange under simulated sunlight irradiation. In particular, the 20:1 TiO2 NRs catalyst showed the best catalytic performance, showing efficient photocatalytic rate of 90%. The photocatalytic reaction kinetics of undoped and doped catalysts was also studied. In addition, reactive species (RSs) experiments showed that hydroxyl radical (·OH), superoxide radical anions (·O2−) and photogenerated holes (h+) were major active species during the photocatalytic process. The mechanisms of the electrostatic attraction and potential photocatalytic degradation were proposed and discussed.
Associations of Reservoir-Excess Pressure Parameters Derived From Central and Peripheral Arteries With Kidney Function
Authors: Armstrong Matthew K , Schultz Martin G , Picone Dean S , Black J Andrew , Dwyer Nathan , Roberts-Thomson Philip , Sharman James E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Central artery reservoir-excess pressure parameters are clinically important but impractical to record directly. However, diastolic waveform morphology is consistent across central and peripheral arteries. Therefore, peripheral artery reservoir-excess pressure parameters related to diastolic waveform morphology may be representative of central parameters and share clinically important associations with end-organ damage. This has never been determined and was the aim of this study.

METHODS
Intra-arterial blood pressure (BP) waveforms were measured sequentially at the aorta, brachial, and radial arteries among 220 individuals (aged 61 ± 10 years, 68% male). Customized software was used to derive reservoir-excess pressure parameters at each arterial site (reservoir and excess pressure, systolic and diastolic rate constants) and clinical relevance was determined by association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

RESULTS
Between the aorta and brachial artery, the mean difference in the diastolic rate constant and reservoir pressure integral was −0.162 S−1 (P = 0.08) and −0.772 mm Hg s (P = 0.23), respectively. The diastolic rate constant had the strongest and most consistent associations with eGFR across aortic and brachial sites (β = −0.20, P = 0.02; β = −0.20, P = 0.03, respectively; adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors). Aortic, but not brachial peak reservoir pressure was associated with eGFR in adjusted models (aortic β = −0.48, P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
The diastolic rate constant is the most consistent reservoir-excess pressure parameter, in both its absolute values and associations with kidney dysfunction, when derived from the aorta and brachial artery. Thus, the diastolic rate constant could be utilized in the clinical setting to improve BP risk stratification.
The Impact of High Dietary Sodium Consumption on Blood Pressure Variability in Healthy, Young Adults
Authors: Migdal Kamila U , Babcock Matthew C , Robinson Austin T , Watso Joseph C , Wenner Megan M , Stocker Sean D , Farquhar William B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
High sodium (Na+) intake augments blood pressure variability (BPV) in normotensive rodents, without changes in resting blood pressure (BP). Augmented BPV is associated with end-organ damage and cardiovascular morbidity. It is unknown if changes in dietary Na+ influence BPV in humans. We tested the hypothesis that high Na+ feeding would augment BPV in healthy adults.

METHODS
Twenty-one participants (10 F/11 M; 26 ± 5 years; BP: 113 ± 11/62 ± 7 mm Hg) underwent a randomized, controlled feeding study that consisted of 10 days of low (2.6 g/day), medium (6.0 g/day), and high (18.0 g/day) salt diets. On the ninth day of each diet, 24-h urine samples were collected and BPV was calculated from 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. On the tenth day, in-laboratory beat-to-beat BPV was calculated during 10 min of rest. Serum electrolytes were assessed. We calculated average real variability (ARV) and standard deviation (SD) as metrics of BPV. As a secondary analysis, we calculated central BPV from the 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring.

RESULTS
24-h urinary Na+ excretion (low = 41 ± 24, medium = 97 ± 43, high = 265 ± 92 mmol/24 h, P &lt; 0.01) and serum Na+ (low = 140.0 ± 2.1, medium = 140.7 ± 2.7, high = 141.7 ± 2.5 mmol/l, P = 0.009) increased with greater salt intake. 24-h ambulatory ARV (systolic BP ARV: low = 9.5 ± 1.7, medium = 9.5 ± 1.2, high = 10.0 ± 1.9 mm Hg, P = 0.37) and beat-to-beat ARV (systolic BP ARV: low = 2.1 ± 0.6, medium = 2.0 ± 0.4, high = 2.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg, P = 0.46) were not different. 24-h ambulatory SD (systolic BP: P = 0.29) and beat-to-beat SD (systolic BP: P = 0.47) were not different. There was a trend for a main effect of the diet (P = 0.08) for 24-h ambulatory central systolic BPV.

CONCLUSIONS
Ten days of high sodium feeding does not augment peripheral BPV in healthy, adults.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT02881515.
III—On Principled Compromise: When Does a Process of Transitional Justice Qualify as Just?
Authors: Murphy Colleen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Processes of transitional justice (for instance, amnesty, truth commissions, reparations, trials) deal with large-scale wrongdoing committed during extended periods of conflict or repression. This paper discusses three common moral objections to processes of transitional justice, which I label shaking hands with the devil, selling victims short, and entrenching the status quo. Given the scale of wrongdoing and the context in which transitional justice processes are adopted, compromise is necessary. To respond to these objections, I argue, it is necessary to articulate the conditions that make a compromise principled. I defend three criteria that distinguish principled from unprincipled compromises.
Evidence of an Association of Increases in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Coverage With Decreases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Diagnosis Rates in the United States, 2012–2016
Authors: Smith Dawn K , Sullivan Patrick S , Cadwell Betsy , Waller Lance A , Siddiqi Azfar , Mera-Giler Robertino , Hu Xiaohong , Hoover Karen W , Harris Norma S , McCallister Scott 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses in the United States (US) have plateaued since 2013. We assessed whether there is an association between uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and decreases in HIV diagnoses.

Methods
We used 2012–2016 data from the US National HIV Surveillance System to estimate viral suppression (VS) and annual percentage change in diagnosis rate (EAPC) in 33 jurisdictions, and data from a national pharmacy database to estimate PrEP uptake. We used Poisson regression with random effects for state and year to estimate the association between PrEP coverage and EAPC: within jurisdictional quintiles grouped by changes in PrEP coverage, regressing EAPC on time; and among all jurisdictions, regressing EAPC on both time and jurisdictional changes in PrEP coverage with and without accounting for changes in VS.

Results
From 2012 to 2016, across the 10 states with the greatest increases in PrEP coverage, the EAPC decreased 4.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], −5.2% to −2.9%). On average, across the states and District of Columbia, EAPC for a given year decreased by 1.1% (95% CI, −1.77% to −.49%) for an increase in PrEP coverage of 1 per 100 persons with indications. When controlling for VS, the state-specific EAPC for a given year decreased by 1.3% (95% CI, −2.12% to −.57%) for an increase in PrEP coverage of 1 per 100 persons with indications.

Conclusions
We found statistically significant associations between jurisdictional increases in PrEP coverage and decreases in EAPC independent of changes in VS, which supports bringing PrEP use to scale in the US to accelerate reductions in HIV infections.
A Prospective Evaluation of Point-of-Care Measurements of Maternal Glucose for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: O’Malley Eimer G , Reynolds Ciara M E , O’Kelly Ruth , Killalea Anne , Sheehan Sharon R , Turner Michael J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Point-of-care (POC) measurement of glucose is currently recommended only for the monitoring of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This prospective observational study evaluated the use of POC measurements of maternal glucose to diagnose GDM in women being screened selectively with a 1-step 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Methods
The strictest preanalytic and analytic international laboratory standards were applied to measure maternal plasma glucose at fasting and at 1 and 2 h post glucose load. The recent International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups diagnostic criteria were used. At the same time, maternal capillary glucose was measured. Because of differences in plasma and capillary glucose measurements, regression analysis of POC capillary glucose results vs laboratory plasma glucose results was conducted. The regression equations for plasma glucose were derived in a derivation cohort (n = 102). These equations were applied in the validation cohort (n = 100). Predicted and actual plasma glucose values were compared.

Results
Of the 202 women screened, 36.6% were nulliparous, 56.4% were obese, and 81.2% were Irish-born. Two thirds had a single risk factor for GDM, and a third had multiple risk factors. Based on the plasma measurements, 53.5% had GDM. As a predictor of GDM, the diagnostic accuracy of POC measurement was 83.0% (95% confidence interval, 74.2–89.8).

Conclusions
In high-resource settings where measures to inhibit glycolysis are implemented, the use of POC measurements for the diagnosis of GDM is not justified based on this study. In low- and medium-resource settings, where measures to inhibit glycolysis are not achievable, regression analysis using POC measurements may be acceptable compared with plasma samples subject to glycolysis.
JAK Inhibitors Safety in Ulcerative Colitis: Practical Implications
Authors: Agrawal Manasi , Kim Eun Soo , Colombel Jean-Frederic 
Published: January 2020

AbstractJanus kinase inhibitors [JAKi] are a new class of small molecule drugs that modulate inflammatory pathways by blocking one or more JAK receptors, and are increasingly being used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Tofacitinib, a non-selective JAKi, is now approved for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis [UC] that is refractory or intolerant to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors [TNFi]. Whereas tofacitinib is associated with the advantages of oral administration, rapid onset of action, and lack of immunogenicity over TNFi, there are many safety considerations to take into account such as the risk of thromboembolism, infections, and hyperlipidaemia: each with specific nuances pertaining to prevention and monitoring strategies. Considerations such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, and history of malignancy also are to be navigated with utmost caution, given that very few data are available for guidance. With the use of JAKi in the real world progressively over time, safety implications will become more lucid, including caveats pertaining to JAK selectivity and gut-selective JAKi, as well as mechanistic data pertaining to adverse effects. This Viewpoint serves as a practical guide for clinicians managing inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients to navigate safety concerns around JAKi, including preventive and monitoring strategies.
A collective European experience with left atrial appendage suture ligation using the LARIAT+ device
Authors: Tilz Roland Richard , Fink Thomas , Bartus Krzysztof , Wong Tom , Vogler Julia , Nentwich Karin , Panniker Sandeep , Fang Qizhi , Piorkowski Christopher , Liosis Spyridon , Gaspar Thomas , Sawan Noureddin , Metzner Andreas , Nietlispach Fabian , Maisano Francesco , Lee Randall J , Foran John P , Ouyang Feifan , Sievert Horst , Deneke Thomas , Kuck Karl-Heinz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsWe report the collective European experience of percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) suture ligation using the recent generation LARIAT+ suture delivery device.Methods and resultsA total of 141 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and contraindication to oral anticoagulation (OAC), thrombo-embolic events despite OAC or electrical LAA isolation were enrolled at seven European hospitals to undergo LAA ligation. Patients were followed up by clinical visits and transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) following LAA closure. Left atrial appendage ligation was completed in 138/141 patients (97.8%). Three patients did not undergo attempted deployment of the LARIAT device due to pericardial adhesion after previous epicardial ventricular tachycardia ablation (n = 1), a pericardial access-related complication (n = 1), and multiple posterior LAA lobes (n = 1). Serious 30-day procedural adverse events occurred in 4/141 patients (2.8%). There were two device-related LAA perforations (1.4%) not resulting in any corrective intervention as the LAA was completely sealed with the LARIAT. Minor adverse events occurred in 19 patients (13.5%), including two pericardial effusions due to procedure-related pericarditis requiring pericardiocentesis. Transoesophageal echocardiography was performed after LAA ligation in 103/138 patients (74.6%) after a mean of 181 ± 72 days. Complete LAA closure was documented in 100 patients (97.1%). Two patients (1.8% of patients with follow-up) experienced a transient ischaemic attack at 4 and 7 months follow-up, although there was no leak observed with TOE. There were two deaths during long-term follow-up which were both not device related.ConclusionInitial experience with the LARIAT+ device demonstrates feasibility of LAA exclusion. Further larger prospective studies with longer follow-up are warranted.
“It’s Luck as to What Sort of Family You’re Born Into” Cumulative Dis/advantage Generative Systemic Processes Across the Life Course of a Baby-Boom Birth Cohort
Authors: Wildman Josephine M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
While a large body of evidence exists in support of outcomes associated with cumulative dis/advantage (CAD), individual-level experiences of the systemic processes that generate unequal outcomes have received far less attention. This study explored experiences, among members of an early baby-boom birth cohort, of CAD-generative processes within the education and housing systems and the mechanisms by which they interacted with initial social position to perpetuate inequalities.

Methods
The author conducted in-depth interviews (n = 27) with members of the Newcastle Thousand Families Study, a UK 1947 birth cohort. Longitudinal survey data enabled participant sampling on the basis of gender, occupational social class at birth and age 50, educational attainment and homeownership status at age 60. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Analysis identified two themes: Firstly, the sorting and funneling mechanisms by which the “meritocratic” education system interacted with initial social position, progressively narrowing aspirations and opportunities; and secondly, the creation in later life of winners and losers in the property market, resulting in legitimization of inequalities through a deservingness narrative.

Discussion
CAD has proved persistent, even among the supposedly “lucky” early baby-boom cohort. Policies to ameliorate CAD generation through education and property systems act instead to entrench advantaged social positions. Later-life outcomes can be naturalized as the product of effort-plus-ability if not seen in a whole-life context. Disruption of CAD processes requires challenging vested interest inherent in social systems.
Rising Illusion and Illusion of Rising: Mapping Global Financial Governance and Relocating China
Authors: Zhang Falin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The empirical changes in global financial governance (GFG) and China's position in it, against the backdrop of the 2008 global financial crisis and China's economic rise in recent decades, suggest two plausible conclusions: (1) the present GFG system has been significantly reformed and improved by forming a networked architecture and a regime complex; (2) China's economic rise has automatically extended to China's rise in GFG, embodying its full integration into the architecture and regime. This article constructs a three-dimensional international political economy (IPE) analytical framework to reexamine the two conclusions and thus finds two illusions: an increasingly widespread—or rising—illusion of a much improved and more stable GFG system and an illusion of China's rising in GFG via an automatic transformation from economic might to governance power. The “rising illusion” of a much-improved GFG risks resulting in a reform dilemma, while the illusion of China's rise in GFG risks escalating the China-US and, more broadly, emerging-dominant states conflicts into full-scale confrontation. The prevalence of these two illusions highlights the need for greater attention from academic and policy spheres to relevant issues.
Transmission of plasmid-borne and chromosomal blaCTX-M-64 among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from food-producing animals via ISEcp1-mediated transposition
Authors: Zhao Qiu-Yun , Chen Pin-Xian , Yang Ling , Cai Run-Mao , Zhu Jia-Hang , Fang Liang-Xing , Webber Mark A , Jiang Hong-Xia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To clarify the transmission mechanism of the blaCTX-M-64 gene between Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates from food animals.

Methods
A total of 329 E. coli and 60 Salmonella isolates collected from food animals in 2016 were screened for the presence of blaCTX-M-64 genes. The blaCTX-M-64-positive isolates were typed and plasmid and chromosome DNA was sequenced to determine the genetic context of blaCTX-M-64 and the plasmid types present.

Results
The blaCTX-M-64 gene was identified in only three E. coli isolates but was the predominant gene in the Salmonella isolates (n = 9). These 12 CTX-M-64-positive isolates were all resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime and florfenicol and 9 were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The blaCTX-M-64 gene was located on transferable IncI2 plasmids and an IncHI2 plasmid in three E. coli and one Salmonella isolate, respectively. The remaining eight Salmonella isolates contained blaCTX-M-64 integrated into the chromosome. Different genetic contexts of blaCTX-M-64 genes were found among the 12 isolates: ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477-A/C on IncI2 plasmids of 3 E. coli isolates; ΔISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477-A/C in the chromosome of 1 Salmonella isolate; and ISEcp1-blaCTX-M-64-orf477 on the IncHI2 plasmid and chromosome of 8 Salmonella isolates.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of chromosomally encoded CTX-M-64 in Salmonella isolates. ISEcp1-mediated transposition is likely to be responsible for the spread of blaCTX-M-64 between different plasmids and chromosomes in Enterobacteriaceae especially E. coli and Salmonella.
Learning unsupervised contextual representations for medical synonym discovery
Authors: Schumacher Elliot , Dredze Mark 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesAn important component of processing medical texts is the identification of synonymous words or phrases. Synonyms can inform learned representations of patients or improve linking mentioned concepts to medical ontologies. However, medical synonyms can be lexically similar (“dilated RA” and “dilated RV”) or dissimilar (“cerebrovascular accident” and “stroke”); contextual information can determine if 2 strings are synonymous. Medical professionals utilize extensive variation of medical terminology, often not evidenced in structured medical resources. Therefore, the ability to discover synonyms, especially without reliance on training data, is an important component in processing training notes. The ability to discover synonyms from models trained on large amounts of unannotated data removes the need to rely on annotated pairs of similar words. Models relying solely on non-annotated data can be trained on a wider variety of texts without the cost of annotation, and thus may capture a broader variety of language.Materials and MethodsRecent contextualized deep learning representation models, such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2019) and BERT, (Devlin et al. 2019) have shown strong improvements over previous approaches in a broad variety of tasks. We leverage these contextualized deep learning models to build representations of synonyms, which integrate the context of surrounding sentence and use character-level models to alleviate out-of-vocabulary issues. Using these models, we perform unsupervised discovery of likely synonym matches, which reduces the reliance on expensive training data.ResultsWe use the ShARe/CLEF eHealth Evaluation Lab 2013 Task 1b data to evaluate our synonym discovery method. Comparing our proposed contextualized deep learning representations to previous non-neural representations, we find that the contextualized representations show consistent improvement over non-contextualized models in all metrics.ConclusionsOur results show that contextualized models produce effective representations for synonym discovery. We expect that the use of these representations in other tasks would produce similar gains in performance.
Simultaneous Determination of Total Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 in Infant Formula and Related Nutritionals by Enzymatic Digestion and LC-MS/MS—A Multi-Laboratory Testing Study Final Action: AOAC Method 2015.14
Authors: McClure Sean 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background/Objective
A multi-laboratory study was completed for AOAC First Action Method 2015.14. Ten laboratories from eight countries participated. Each laboratory analyzed (in duplicate) a placebo and 14 fortified nutritionals. Product matrices analyzed included milk, soy, partially hydrolyzed milk, partially hydrolyzed soy, and elemental-based infant formula powders, milk based infant formula ready-to-feed liquids, adult low-fat powders, and adult high fat and high protein ready-to-drink nutritionals. Data was then compared to standard method performance requirements (SMPR).

Method
Samples were prepared by enzymatic digestion with papain, α-amylase, and phosphatase to hydrolyze protein and complex carbohydrate and to free phosphorylated vitamin forms respectively. Stable-isotope labeled internal standards were incorporated into the sample preparation to correct for variability in both the sample preparation and instrument response. Prepared samples and working standard solutions were injected onto an ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatograph, interfaced to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS/MS). Reverse phase gradient chromatography, using mobile phases of methanol and 20 mM ammonium formate in water on a C-18 column, were used for the analysis. The MS/MS was configured to monitor precursor-fragment ion pairs for each analyte and internal standard. Vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), and B6 (pyridoxine) were quantified by least squares regression using the response ratio of the analyte to its internal standard.

Results/Conclusions
Total vitamins B1, B2, B3, and B6 had average repeatability of 2.3%, 3.9%, 2.7%, and 2.2% RSD, and reproducibility of 8.2%, 6.9%, 6.7%, and 5.8% RSD, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility SMPR were met for 53/56 and 50/56 fortified-product/analyte pairs analyzed, respectively.