bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional device with an integration of light emitting, photo detective, and energy harvesting
Authors: Zhou Dingjian , Jiang Le , Xu Hao , Yeung Fion , Kwok Hoi‐Sing , Li Guijun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, we present a multifunctional device based on a heterojunction active layer formed between the halide perovskite and chalcogenide quantum dots. The device is demonstrated with an integration of proof‐of‐concept functions, including a voltage controllable multicolor light‐emitting diode, an efficient energy harvesting device, and a photosensitive detector. The concept of the heterojunction active layer provides a feasible route to design efficient multifunctional devices in the future.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields reduce acute inflammation in the injured rat‐tail intervertebral disc
Authors: Chan Andrew K. , Tang Xinyan , Mummaneni Nikhil V. , Coughlin Dezba , Liebenberg Ellen , Ouyang Annie , Dudli Stefan , Lauricella Michael , Zhang Nianli , Waldorff Erik I. , Ryaby James T. , Lotz Jeffrey C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPro‐inflammatory cytokines are recognized contributors to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and discogenic pain. We have recently reported the anti‐inflammatory effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on IVD cells in vitro. Whether these potentially therapeutic effects are sufficiently potent to influence disc health in vivo has not been demonstrated. We report here the effect of PEMF on acute inflammation arising from a rat‐tail IVD injury model. Disc degeneration was induced by percutaneously stabbing the Co6‐7, Co7‐8, and Co8‐9 levels using a 20‐gauge needle. Seventy‐two (72) rats were divided into three groups: sham control, needle stab, needle stab+PEMF. Treated rats were exposed to PEMF immediately following surgery and for either 4 or 7 days (4 hr/d). Stab and PEMF effects were evaluated by measuring inflammatory cytokine gene expression (RT‐PCR) and protein levels (ELISA assay), anabolic and catabolic gene expression (RT‐PCR), and histologic changes. We observed in untreated animals that at day 7 after injury, inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, tumor necrosis factor α, and IL‐1β) were significantly increased at both gene and protein levels (P < .05). Similarly, catabolic factors (MMP [metalloproteinases]‐2, MMP‐13 and the transcriptional factor NF‐kβ gene expression) were significantly increased (P < .05). At day 7, PEMF treatment significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression induced by needle stab injury (P < .05). At day 4, PEMF downregulated FGF‐1 and upregulated MMP‐2 compared to the stab‐only group. These data demonstrate that previously reported anti‐inflammatory effects of PEMF on disc cells carry over to the in vivo situation, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. Though we observed an inhibitory effect of PEMF on acute inflammatory cytokine expression, a consistent effect was not observed for acute changes in disc histology and anabolic and catabolic factor expression. Therefore, these findings should be further investigated in studies of longer duration following needle‐stab injury.
A high yield method for the direct amidation of long‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Wang Man‐Yu , Gang Hong‐Ze , Zhou Lei , Liu Jin‐Feng , Mu Bo‐Zhong , Yang Shi‐Zhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe amidation of long‐chain fatty acids is the key step for preparing surfactants with excellent interfacial activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to detect the reactants and products in the direct amidation reactions. The conversion and the concentration of the amides in the reaction process were also investigated to determine the best catalyst, the reaction rate constants, and activation energy. It was identified that the amidation reaction of the long‐chain phenyl fatty acid was a zero‐order reaction and 3,4,5‐trifluorophenylboronic acid was the most effective catalyst by which the activation energy reduced to 55.79 kJ/mol from 95.44 kJ/mol. The method can be applied to other long‐chain fatty acids, saturated or unsatureated. The turning‐over‐temperature was 156°C, over which high yields can be achieved without any catalyst. These provide a reference for the preparation of long‐chain fatty acid amides.
Shear property of oil film containing oiliness additive in narrow gap measured with newly‐developed parallel‐disk viscometer supported by aerostatic bearing
Authors: Hirayama Tomoko , Shibata Shun , Harada Tomoyuki , Hashimoto Yusuke , Yamashita Naoki 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe shear force of oil film containing an oiliness additive in a narrow gap was measured with a newly developed parallel‐disk viscometer supported by an aerostatic thrust bearing. To evaluate viscometer performance, the shear force of pure base oil was first measured using an oleophobic coated disk. Using the coated disk resulted in interfacial slip between the disk surface and oil, which significantly reduced the shear force compared with that when a noncoated disk was used. Next, the shear force of base oil containing an oiliness additive was measured without using the coated disk. Again it was significantly reduced, especially when the gap was less than 1 μm. The degree of reduction depended on the oiliness additive used. These results demonstrate that an oiliness additive can cause interfacial slip, resulting in friction reduction even in a hydrodynamic lubrication regime with a submicrometer gap.
A novel compact circularly polarized tag antenna with differential‐RFIC for EU UHF RFID applications
Authors: Jebbawi Khodor , Egels Matthieu , Pannier Philippe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel compact ultra‐high frequency (UHF) tag antenna for radio frequency identification is presented. This tag uses the Monza‐X from Impinj as a differential radio frequency integrated circuit. A wideband circular polarization was achieved. The frequency range covered for an axial ratio (AR) < 3 dB is from 830 to 903 MHz. The designed antenna is simulated by using the electromagnetic software ansys high frequency structure simulator. The tag antenna is printed on 50 × 50 mm2 of Roger 4350B substrate with a dielectric constant (Ԑr) of 3.66 and thickness of 1.52 mm. The manufactured tag antenna performance has been tested by measuring the reading distance. The measurement results show good values of reading range (RR) especially in the EU Radio Frequency IDentification band. The tag has a maximum RR of about 13.3 m at 865 MHz with an Effective Isotropic Radiated Power of 2 W.
EAU/ESPU guidelines on the management of neurogenic bladder in children and adolescent part II operative management
Authors: Stein Raimund , Bogaert Guy , Dogan Hasan S. , Hoen Lisette , Kocvara Radim , Nijman Rien J. M. , Quaedackers Josine , Rawashdeh Yazan F. , Silay Mesrur S. , Tekgul Serdar , Radmayr Christian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment in children and adolescents with a neurogenic bladder is primarily conservative with the goal of preserving the upper urinary tract combined with a good reservoir function of the bladder. However, sometimes—even in childhood—conservative management does not prevent the development of a low‐compliant bladder or overactive detrusor.Material & MethodsAfter a systematic literature review covering the period 2000‐2017, the ESPU/EUAU guideline for neurogenic bladder underwent an update.ResultsIn these patients, surgical interventions such as botulinum toxin A injections into the detrusor muscle, bladder augmentation, and even urinary diversion may become necessary to preserve the function of the upper (and lower) urinary tracts. The creation of a continent catheterizable channel should be offered to patients with difficulties performing transurethral clean intermittent catheterization. However, a revision rate of up to 50% needs to be considered. With increasing age continence of urine and stool becomes progressively more important. In patients with persistent weak bladder outlets, complete continence can be achieved only by surgical interventions creating a higher resistance/obstruction at the level of the bladder outlet with a success rate of up to 80%. In some patients, bladder neck closure and the creation of a continent catheterizable stoma is an option.ConclusionIn all these patients close follow‐up is mandatory to detect surgical complications and metabolic consequences early.
Influence of the urethral pressure transducer in measuring Valsalva leak point pressure in women undergoing multichannel urodynamic testing
Authors: Panza Joseph , Hill Bryan , Heft Jessica , Biller Daniel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine if the air‐charged urethral sensor balloon currently used in urodynamic testing (UDS) significantly impacts Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) measurements.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study of women undergoing UDS at an academic institution. VLPPs were obtained at 150 mL and urodynamic capacity with and without the urethral pressure sensor in the urethra. VLPP measurements were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Median and interquartile range are presented.ResultsSixty‐three patients were enrolled in the study, 53 were included in the primary analysis. The mean age of the subjects was 56.2 ± 12.1 years. Nine patients (16%) solely leaked when the balloon was not present in the urethra either with cough or during VLPP measurement. At both 150 mL and urodynamic capacity, when VLPP testing was performed, there was a significant difference (cmH2O) between the control and intervention values, (76.2 [55.0, 97.0] vs 68.8 [46.3, 93.3], P = .0012; 79.3 [53, 96.5] vs 72.5 [50.8, 92.3], P = .04). There was also a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention values for the lowest leak value at 150 mL and capacity (70.5 [51, 94.5] vs 60.0 [40, 88] P = .002; 73.5 [49.5, 91.5] vs 61 [45, 88], P = .017).ConclusionsThe higher VLPPs obtained with the urethral balloon in place indicate that the balloon may be the cause of falsely elevated VLPPs during urodynamic testing. Additionally, the balloon may mask a diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence in some patients.
Interventions at presentation and discharge for patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to reduce unnecessary admissions and readmissions: A scoping review protocol
Authors: MacDonell Rachel , Woods Orla , Prihodova Lucia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThis scoping review will gather existing evidence on specific interventions at presentation and discharge which aim to standardize care and/or reduce unnecessary admissions and/or readmissions to hospital for patients presenting with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary (airways) disease.DesignScoping review of relevant literature from January 2000–March 2019.MethodsDatabase searches for primary evidence in peer‐reviewed journals will be conducted electronically using Web of Science, EMBASE (Elsevier) and PUBMED. Eligibility criteria will include hospital‐based interventions for presentations of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with outcomes specific to standardizing care or reducing unnecessary admissions or readmissions. Abstract, full‐text screening and data extraction will be completed independently by a panel of expert reviewers.ResultsWe aim to identify current interventions and improvement approaches in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary (airways) disease care that have an impact on admission and discharge processes or readmissions. Recommendations as a result of this review will aid the design and development of future improvement intervention.
Identifying sequential episodes of pharmacotherapy as a method for assessing treatment failure in comparative effectiveness research
Authors: Carney Greg , Maclure Malcolm , Bassett Ken , Taylor Suzanne , Dormuth Colin R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo describe and implement a novel method of measuring comparative effectiveness using sequential episodes of pharmacotherapy as a proxy for treatment failure.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using linked deidentified data from the British Columbia Ministry of Health during a government‐sponsored smoking cessation reimbursement program.Three study cohorts were created based on first use of varenicline, bupropion, or nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), for adults aged 18 or older, in the period September 30th, 2011 to March 31st, 2013. The study cohorts were analyzed for sequential episodes of pharmacotherapy, defined as re‐initiating a smoking cessation pharmacotherapy after an initial episode of treatment and washout period. The statistical analysis used propensity score adjusted log‐binomial regression models with one‐year and two‐year fixed follow‐up after a 12‐week washout period. A sensitivity analysis excluded the washout period. A secondary analysis investigated predictors of receiving a sequential episode of smoking cessation pharmacotherapyResults116,442 participants of the B.C. Smoking Cessation Program were analyzed. Compared to NRT, varenicline users were 13% less likely, and bupropion users were 18% less likely, to re‐start smoking cessation therapy within 1‐year after an initial course of treatment.ConclusionsSequential episodes of pharmacotherapy identified treatment failures to smoking cessation therapy. Based on sequential episodes of pharmacotherapy during a drug benefit policy of smoking cessation medications, varenicline and bupropion were more effective aids to smoking cessation than NRT. The method was also used to identify patient characteristics associated with treatment effectiveness
Well‐defined, environment‐friendly synthesis of polypeptides based on phosgene‐free transformation of amino acids into urethane derivatives and their applications
Authors: Endo Takeshi , Sudo Atsushi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, both naturally occurring and artificial amino acids were successfully transformed into the corresponding urethane derivatives using diphenyl carbonate. The urethanes thus prepared could be efficiently cyclized into amino acid N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) without the requirement of phosgene. In addition, the presence of primary amines converted the urethane derivatives into NCAs and initiated the ring‐opening polymerization of the in situ formed NCAs, allowing for the well‐defined synthesis of polypeptides. These polypeptides contained initiating ends functionalized by an amine‐derived residue and propagating ends bearing the reactive amino group. By precise control of the structures of the polypeptides, various polypeptide conjugates such as block copolymers and graft copolymers were successfully synthesized as designed, and their applications in antifouling coatings against proteins, drug delivery systems and biosensors were demonstrated. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Resilience in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis: A pilot feasibility study of the promoting resilience in stress management intervention
Authors: Toprak Demet , Nay Laura , McNamara Sharon , Rosenberg Abby R. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Yi‐Frazier Joyce P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDisease burden in cystic fibrosis (CF) impacts quality of life, distress, and treatment adherence. The promoting resilience in stress management (PRISM), is a brief patient‐focused intervention to promote resilience in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), which may mitigate the negative outcomes, and is proven to be feasible and acceptable in other diseases.ObjectiveOur aim was to test the feasibility and acceptability of PRISM among AYAs with CF in addition to collecting pilot data regarding patient‐reported resilience, distress, and quality of life.MethodsEligible English speaking, 12 to 21 year patients admitted to the hospital were enrolled. We defined feasibility as 80% completion of all sessions. Acceptability was defined qualitatively based on feedback about timing, content and delivery of intervention. As an exploratory aim, questionnaires measuring resilience (Connor‐Davidson resilience scale), distress (Kessler‐6 scale), and disease‐specific health‐related quality of life (CF questionnaire‐revised [CFQ‐R]) were given at baseline and postintervention.Results10 out of 17 (59%) patients consented to participate. Eight were Caucasian, eight female with age range 13 to 20 years (median: 18). Nine completed all PRISM sessions with universally positive feedback. Health perception and respiratory domain scores of the CFQ‐R improved (47.2‐65.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6‐35.6; 50.9‐61.9; 95% CI, 1.7‐19.9, respectively), however in the setting of inpatient exacerbation treatment it would be hard to attribute these changes to PRISM.ConclusionPRISM was feasible and highly acceptable among AYAs with CF. Future research is needed to test the efficacy of PRISM among a larger group of patients with CF in a multicenter trial.
Comparison of blast lung injury in infant and adult rabbits
Authors: Yang Ao , Cai Hanzi , Liang Yi , Yuan Danfeng , Dai Wei , Zhao Wenjun , Ming Jianxiong , You Xin , Zhou Jihong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundA great number of children suffer from blast lung injury (BLI) worldwide, but there is a little basic study on the topic.MethodsInfant (4‐week‐old) and adult New Zealand rabbits were selected. Comparison of BLI characteristics: 16 infant rabbits were randomly divided into a 4.0 MPa group (n = 8, “IRG4.0MPa”) and a 4.5 MPa group (n = 8, “IRG4.5MPa”) and exposed to shock waves of those magnitudes. Eight adult rabbits were exposed to 4.0 MPa (“ARG4.0MPa”). The severity of BLI was compared among these three groups. Comparison of impact characteristics between infant and adult rabbits at the same scale of BLI: infant and adult rabbits were randomly divided into a control group (n = 8 per age group) and a blast injury group (n = 40 infants, “IRG4.0MPa”; n = 40 adults, “ARG4.5MPa”). The vital signs, physiological indicators, gross anatomy, and light microscope pathology were observed.ResultsThe differences in lung injury severity and in abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores between IRG4.5MPa (87.5%, AIS 4.13 ± 0.64) and ARG4.0MPa (75.5%, AIS 4.18 ± 0.75) were not statistically significant (P > .05); IRG4.0MPa (12.5%, AIS 3.38 ± 0.52) showed a lower proportion of lung injury and lower AIS scores than the others (P < .01). All rabbits showed languor immediately after the injury. The lungs showed tissue rupture, extensive patchy hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory infiltration. The increase in lung water content was much higher in the IRG than in the ARG (P < .01).ConclusionInfant rabbits show better tolerance to lung injury caused by shock waves; infant rabbits show more disturbance on pathophysiological response than adult rabbits.
Adaptive H∞ sliding mode control of uncertain neutral‐type stochastic systems based on state observer
Authors: Liu Zhen , Yu Jinpeng , Karimi Hamid Reza 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis paper is focused on the problem of adaptive sliding mode control design for uncertain neutral‐type stochastic systems under a prescribed H∞ performance. A simplified state observer is put forward to estimate the unknown state variables, which could be properly incorporated for establishing a new linear‐type switching surface and the associated adaptive variable structure controller. By virtue of the adaptive control design, unknown matched perturbation and potential uncertainties can be counteracted, and the system trajectories are guaranteed to reach the predefined switching surface within finite moment in almost surely sense, and performance analysis of the closed‐loop dynamics during the sliding surface is carried out with a specified H∞ performance. At last, two illustrative examples through computer simulations are provided to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme.
Gender equity and trust in government: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: Lee Yunsoo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany indicators suggest that the level of gender equity is low in Korea. According to the psychological‐democratic contract theory, because gender inequality calls into question the capacity of government, when citizens perceive low levels of gender equity, they are not likely to trust in government. Despite the importance, relatively little attention is paid to the ramifications of gender equity on trust in government. To fill the void, the objective of this article was to identify the extent to which gender equity affects trust in government. The key findings of the 2009 Korean General Social Survey are as follows: (a) Gender equity positively affects trust in government; (b) Gender equity has a larger effect on female citizen trust in government than male citizen trust in government; and (c) gender equity is more strongly associated with trust in the Supreme Court than other government branches.
Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction in Confined Space: Molecular Conformations of Organocatalyst Affect Chiral Induction
Authors: Patel Hemanshu A. , Gutal Akash , Sahoo Suban K. , Soni Hemant P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have demonstrated that chiral induction in the aldol product is possible by generating an enzyme‐like cavity in molecular framework of the amphiphlic catalyst. The esters of trans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline and long chain fatty acids have been synthesized by O‐acylation. Synthesized molecules were used as organocatalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reaction between 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone. The molecular framework of the catalyst not only induces the amphiphilicity but also acquires specific conformation leads to formation of catalytic cavity facilitating stereo‐induction in the aldol product. Systematic addition of olefinic bonds in the long hydrocarbon chain makes this cavity more robust stabilizing transition state of the aldol product. By proper tuning of the water content and % loading of the catalyst in aldol reaction, o/w or w/o type emulsion is formed due to aggregation of catalyst molecules. Performance based evaluation of catalytic activity suggests that aldol reaction proceeds with ∼ 99% yield, 84% dr and 97.94% ee in presence of 10% catalyst (having three π bonds), in an o/w emulsion (85 equiv. of water) within 12 h. The stereoselectivity of the catalyst is almost maintained up to 2.5% loading. The high stereoselectivity of the aldol reaction is maintained even on increasing the amount of water to 300 equiv. A plausible reason has been proposed for retaining the high stereoselectivity and corroborated by computational analysis.
Synthesis of Ce/SiO2 Composited Cross‐Linked Chitosan Flocculation Material and Its Application in Decolorization of Tartrazine Dye
Authors: Liu Mei , Guo Yuchao , Lan Jian , Zhou Ying , Dong Qingqing , Guo Chengyi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCe/SiO2 composited cross‐linked chitosan (C‐CTS‐S), SiO2 composited cross‐linked chitosan (CTS‐S) and Ce composited cross‐linked chitosan (C‐CTS) flocculation materials are successfully synthesized. The structure along with the decolorization performance and mechanism of treating tartrazine dye wastewater are studied. The results show that the prepared materials are new composites rather than the mixture of the raw agents. Some silica species embed in the matrix or stay on the surface of chitosan (CTS) during the compositing process, and form hydrogen bonds with –NH2 or –OH of CTS. Besides, Ce participate coordination with –NH2 and –OH of CTS. C‐CTS‐S has disorder, unobvious porous and loose sheet‐like structure with smaller particles and positive charge. It shows high performance of tartrazine dye decolorization over a wide range of pH, and produces little sewage sludge after flocculation, providing a favorable condition for later processing. In addition, the possible decolorization mechanism is mainly electroneutralization adsorption and the synergistic effect of deposition netting and bridge aggregation.