bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pendistribusian Pupuk Bersubsidi yang Berimplikasi Tindak Pidana Ekonomi
Authors: Bagus Pratama Danu 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak
Pupuk mempunyai peran yang strategis serta penting untuk meningkatkan produksi maupun produktivitas pertanian. Pada dasarnya tindak pidana ekonomi dalam pendistribusian pupuk ini banyak dilakukan oleh para oknum-oknum terkait karena adanya celah hukum pada setiap regulasi yang mengatur tentang pengadaan, pengawasan maupun pendistribusian pupuk. Tujuan yang ingin diperoleh penulis dengan penelitian ini ialah untuk menganalisis karakteristik tindak pidana yang dilarang dan diancam pidana terkait dalam pendistribusian pupuk bersubsidi dan untuk menganalisis pertanggung-jawaban pidana pelaku pendistribusian pupuk bersubsidi, yang berimplikasi tindak pidana. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini ialah pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual maupun diaplikasikan dalam studi kasus
Kata Kunci : tindak pidana ekonomi, pupuk, subsidi, pertanian,

Abstract
Fertilizer has a strategic and important role to increase agricultural production and productivity. Therefore, the government, with a variety of policies covering technical aspects, supply and distribution despite subsidized prices, continues to encourage the use of fertilizers efficiently. Basically, the economic crime in distributing fertilizer is mostly carried out by related individuals because of the legal loopholes in any regulations governing the procurement, supervision and distribution of fertilizers. The aim of the writer with this research is to analyze the characteristics of criminal acts that are prohibited and punishable by crimes related to the distribution of subsidized fertilizers and to analyze the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of distributing subsidized fertilizers, which have implications for criminal acts. The approach used in this paper is the statutory approach, conceptual approach or applied in case studies
Keywords : economic crime, fertilizers, subsidies, agriculture
ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN PT KIMIA FARMA TBK MENGGUNAKAN METODE ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED PERIODE 2016-2019
Authors: Sumarlin Abdul 
Published: January 2021

Kondisi kemerosotan nilai NOPAT (Net Operating After Tax) PT Kimia Farma Tbk mulai dari tahun 2017 sampai tahun 2019. NOPAT merupakan keuntungan operasional setelah diperkurangkan dengan pajak yang merupakan return dari total modal yang diinvestasikan. Sehingga NOPAT adalah indikator terbaik dalam menilai pos pos penghasil kas, dan apabila suatu perusahaan memiliki nilai NOPAT rendah maka akan rendah pula nilai EVA (Economic Value Added) perusahaan tersebut begitu pula sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan perusahaan farmasi PT Kimia Farma Tbk (Persero) yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan pendekatan EVA dari tahun 2016-2019.
Jenis penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah dokumentasi dengan menerapkan formula rumus Economic Value Added (EVA) terhadap laporan keuangan PT Kimia Farma Tbk selama periode penelitian dari tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2019.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perhitungan EVA PT Kimia Farma Tbk periode 2016 dan 2017 memiliki nilai positif atau EVA>0 yang berarti PT Kimia Farma Tbk mampu menciptakan nilai tambah ekonomi, dikarenakan laba bersih yang diperoleh oleh perusahaan lebih besar bila dibandingkan dengan biaya modal yang digunakan. Akan tetapi pada periode 2018 dan 2019 memiliki nilai negatif atau EVA<0 yang berarti PT Kimia Farma Tbk tidak mampu menciptakan nilai tambah ekonomi, dikarenakan total modal perusahaan lebih besar daripada laba operasi setelah pajak yang diperolehnya sehingga dapat disimpulkan pada tahun 2018-2019 kinerja perusahaan tidak baik. Sebagai bahan masukan bagi PT Kimia Farma Tbk sebaiknya meminimalkan penggunaan modal sendiri agar pajak yang ditanggung oleh perusahaan dapat dikurangi serta dapat menyeimbangkan modal sendiri dengan modal pinjaman agar rata-rata dari WACC mendapatkan hasil yang stabil.
Line Identification and Excitation of Autoionizing States in a Late-type, Low-mass Wolf–Rayet Star
Authors: Williams Robert , Manea Catherine , Margon Bruce , Morrell Nidia 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Identifications of a large fraction of previously unidentified lines in the complex spectrum of the low mass, late-type LMC [WC11] star J060819.93−715737.4 have been made utilizing electronic databases. There are an exceptionally large number of C ii emission lines originating from autoionizing (AI) levels. Resonance fluorescence between the C ii ground state and excited AI levels is shown to be an important photoabsorption process that is competitive with dielectronic recombination in exciting AI emission lines in stellar winds, and has broad application to many types of emission-line stars. In addition, numerous C ii quartet multiplets appear in emission that are not excited directly by recombination or resonance fluorescence, signifying high wind densities in the emission region that enhance collisional transfer between doublet and quartet states.
The Iron Line Profile from Warped Black Hole Accretion Disks
Authors: Abarr Quincy , Krawczynski Henric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The profile of the fluorescent iron line from black hole accretion disks is a powerful diagnostic of black hole properties, such as spin and inclination. The state of the art, however, considers an accretion disk whose angular momentum is aligned with that of the black hole; this is a very constraining assumption that is unlikely to apply to many astrophysical systems. Here, we present the first simulation of the reflection spectrum from warped accretion disks using a realistic model of the reflected emission based on the xillver code. We present the effects that the radial location of the warp and the tilt angle have on the line profile, showing that the affect becomes significant at relatively low angles, between 5° and 15°. We highlight that the results are highly dependent on the azimuth position of the observer relative to the tilt angle. We fit these profiles in xspec with the standard relxill lamppost model to quantify the effect that neglecting the disk warps has on the inferred black hole spins and inclinations, finding that the spin parameter can be off by as much as 0.2. We show that fits with two-component relxill can be used to derive more accurate parameter estimates and can recover the radial location of the warp.
The Supersonic Project: To Cool or Not to Cool Supersonically Induced Gas Objects (SIGOs)?
Authors: Chiou Yeou S. , Naoz Smadar , Burkhart Blakesley , Marinacci Federico , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Supersonically induced gas objects (SIGOs) primarily form in the early universe, outside of dark matter halos due to the presence of a relative stream velocity between baryons and dark matter. These structures may be the progenitors of globular clusters. Since SIGOs are made out of pristine gas, we investigate the effect of atomic cooling on their properties. We run a suite of simulations by using the moving-mesh code arepo, with and without baryon dark matter relative velocity and with and without the effects of atomic cooling. We show that SIGO’s density, temperature, and prolateness are determined by gravitational interactions rather than cooling. The cold gas fraction in SIGOs is much higher than that of dark matter halos. Specifically, we show that SIGO’s characteristically low temperature and extremely high gas density forges a nurturing ground for the earliest star formation sites.
Driver compliance with automation reliability information regarding hazardous environmental circumstances
Authors: Monsaingeon Noé , Caroux Loïc , Langlois Sabine , Hurgobin Yovan , Lemercier Céline 
Published: January 2021

Les systèmes automatisés des véhicules partiellement automatisés peuvent se suspendre soudainement et fréquemment en fonction des caractéristiques de l’environnement. Les constructeurs automobiles envisagent d’installer un indicateur visuel à l’intérieur du véhicule pour informer les conducteurs de la fiabilité des systèmes automatisés. La présente étude vise à évaluer l’influence des informations de fiabilité des systèmes automatisés et des conditions environnementales sur le jugement des conducteurs quant à la décision de désactiver les systèmes automatisés et de reprendre le contrôle du véhicule dans les voitures partiellement automatisées. Au total, 199 participants âgés de 19 à 67 ans ont été exposés à 16 scénarios réalistes décrivant des situations dans lesquelles un personnage conduit un véhicule partiellement automatisé. Ils devaient évaluer leur accord avec la décision du personnage de désactiver l’automatisation, en fonction de la couleur d’un indicateur d’approche des limites des systèmes automatisés (vert : fiable vs. orange : proche de la limite), du temps (très ensoleillé vs. pluie abondante), de la qualité du marquage routier (marquage clair vs. marquage flou), et de la courbure de la route (route droite vs. virages). Les résultats ont révélé que ces quatre facteurs ont influencé la décision de désactiver l’automatisation. Une analyse complémentaire par cluster a révélé que les résultats devaient également être interprétés en fonction du profil du conducteur (c’est-à-dire le sexe, la confiance dans les véhicules automatisés et l’expérience avec les véhicules automatisés). Ces résultats suggèrent que les profils des utilisateurs devraient être pris en compte pour décider d’inclure ou non un indicateur de fiabilité dans les véhicules partiellement automatisés.
Analyzing the take-over performance in an automated vehicle in terms of cognitive control modes
Authors: Chauvin Christine , Said Farida , Rauffet Philippe , Langlois Sabine 
Published: January 2021

Plusieurs études ont montré que des différences interindividuelles pouvaient exister dans la façon dont les conducteurs interagissent avec un véhicule automatisé. S’inscrivant dans la lignée de ces travaux, cet article vise à identifier différentes classes de conducteurs à l’aide de méthodes de clustering et propose d’interpréter ces classes en termes de « mode de contrôle cognitif ». Ce concept a été défini par Hollnagel (1993, 2002). Cet auteur a distingué des modes de contrôle allant des plus réactifs aux plus proactifs et a montré qu’ils étaient associés à différents niveaux de performance.Cette étude repose sur des données recueillies sur simulateur de conduite, auprès de 36 participants ayant expérimenté la conduite d’un véhicule de niveau SAE 3 (SAE J3016, 2018). Les participants étaient invités à jouer sur une tablette de jeu pendant la phase de conduite automatisée, puis devaient reprendre le contrôle du véhicule en mode manuel dans une situation de changement de voie. Les participants disposaient de 10 secondes pour reprendre le contrôle. L’étude porte sur une condition dans laquelle les conducteurs utilisaient un affichage tête haute présentant des informations en réalité augmentée. Plusieurs types de données ont été analysés afin de catégoriser les participants et d’expliquer les classes résultantes ; il s’agit de données véhicule (actions du conducteur et trajectoire du véhicule), de données oculaires et de verbatims recueillis lors d’entretiens d’explicitation.Des méthodes de clustering ont été utilisées pour analyser les données véhicule. Elles ont permis d’identifier trois classes de comportement. La classe 1 est associée à des actions de contrôle du véhicule qui peuvent être qualifiées de « fluides » et à une expérience utilisateur positive ; les participants appartenant à cette classe ont passé plus de temps à regarder la scène de conduite que les autres. La classe 2 est également caractérisée par des actions de contrôle « fluides » mais l’expérience utilisateur des participants est plus mitigée. La classe 3 est opposée aux deux premières. Elle est associée à des actions de freinage brusques, un changement de voie plus rapide, une expérience utilisateur négative, des fixations oculaires sur la tablette de jeu qui persistent après la demande de reprise en main ; au sein de cette classe, la majorité des participants mentionnent qu’ils ont rencontré des difficultés à comprendre les informations affichées en réalité augmentée.Ces classes de comportements ont été interprétées en termes de différents modes de contrôle cognitif : un mode de contrôle « tactique » mis en œuvre lorsque les conducteurs se sont donnés suffisamment de temps pour analyser la situation, un mode de contrôle « erratique » ou « opportuniste » dans le cas contraire.
A 2020 View of Thymus Stromal Cells in T Cell Development
Authors: Han Jianxun , Zúñiga-Pflücker Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The thymus is an intricate primary lymphoid organ, wherein bone marrow–derived lymphoid progenitor cells are induced to develop into functionally competent T cells that express a diverse TCR repertoire, which is selected to allow for the recognition of foreign Ags while avoiding self-reactivity or autoimmunity. Thymus stromal cells, which can include all non–T lineage cells, such as thymic epithelial cells, endothelial cells, mesenchymal/fibroblast cells, dendritic cells, and B cells, provide signals that are essential for thymocyte development as well as for the homeostasis of the thymic stroma itself. In this brief review, we focus on the key roles played by thymic stromal cells during early stages of T cell development, such as promoting the homing of thymic-seeding progenitors, inducing T lineage differentiation, and supporting thymocyte survival and proliferation. We also discuss recent advances on the transcriptional regulation that govern thymic epithelial cell function as well as the cellular and molecular changes that are associated with thymic involution and regeneration.
Bibliotherapy: A Framework for Understanding Pre-Service Primary Teachers’ Affective Responses to Learning and Teaching Mathematics
Authors: Wilson Sue , Thornton Steve 
Published: January 2021

This paper advocates bibliotherapy as a powerful tool through which teacher educators can analyze and interpret the affective responses of pre-service primary teachers. Pre-service teachers analyzed readings about school students’ learning, and reflected on and reconstructed their understanding of their own school experiences. This process facilitated a meta-affective change that enabled the pre-service teachers to reconsider their assessment of their capacity to learn and understand mathematics. We describe this change using the stages of bibliotherapy. This change enabled the pre-service teachers to approach their future teaching of mathematics with greater enthusiasm, and empowered them to construct positive projective identities.
Is Current Research Assisting the Implementation of Contemporary ICT in the Primary Mathematics Classroom?
Authors: Attard Catherine 
Published: January 2021

The fast pace of development of ICT often results in primary teachers being expected to integrate new technologies effectively prior to the emergence of research findings that provide exemplars of best practice. This discussion paper explores contemporary research into ICT and primary school mathematics, and the issues that arise in relation to mobile technologies such as computer tablets in primary school classrooms. Although studies are beginning to emerge, this paper presents the argument that further research that would assist teachers in being prepared to teach mathematics with any technological tool would be more beneficial than working retrospectively to explore the use of specific devices that have already emerged in primary classrooms.
Performances and Skills of Cotabato City’s Mathematics Pre-service Teachers in Problem Solving
Authors: Dimasindel Mobarac R. 
Published: January 2021

The performances in problem solving of mathematics pre-service teachers in Cotabato City was determined in this study using qualitative research design. The Polya’s theory (1954) on problem solving skills in terms of understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back was used in classifying and describing the performances of the respondents in the conducted problem solving skill test. Ten (10) mathematics preservice teachers from Cotabato City State Polytechnic College enrolled for the school year 2014-2015 were chosen as respondents using purposive sampling. The study then found out that the respondents’ level of proficiency in problem solving in terms of understanding the problem, devising a plan, and looking back is ‘Developing’ as they cannot define the problems adequately and cannot follow them to conclusion. However, they are at the level of ‘Approaching Proficiency’ in terms of carrying out the plan.
Innovative Learning in the Age of Industry Revolution 4.0
Authors: Gilbert Shirley , White Allan Leslie 
Published: January 2021

In 2018 the Indonesian Ministry of Industry (KPRI) released a document ‘Making Indonesia 4.0’, in response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), setting out the Indonesian aspirations, the five focus sectors, the ten national priorities, the economic benefits, the job creation, and the next steps to ensure Indonesia’s future development. While all the ten priorities are important, of specific interest to education are: priority 5 that aims to advance network and digital platforms; e.g. 4G to 5G, Fiber speed 1Gbps, Data center and Cloud, and; priority 7, which aims to redesign the education curriculum and create a professional talent mobility program using a STEAM approach. A transformation of the schooling system is needed which is different to a reform as reform concentrates upon the existing structure and system whereas a transformation works to create different systems and structures. The basis for success lies in the hands of Indonesian teachers and lecturers. This paper will also discuss developments in brain research, and the teaching behaviours that are conducive to producing students with higher order and creative thinking skills and the ability to solve complex problems.
Images of Political Leaders of Advanced Foreign Countries in the Minds of Russian Citizens: General Analysis of Problematics
Authors: Brumshteyn Yuri M. 
Published: January 2021

The importance of solving the problem of evaluation and management of foreign politicians’ images is justified. The content of the "image of the political leader of the advanced foreign country (PLAFC) in the minds of Russian citizens (RСs) concept is reviewed. The main "components" of these images, their formation peculiarities and RCs’ perception in information and telecommunication technologies development are described.
Purposes and methods (technologies) of PLAFCs’ image-building management in the RCs’ minds, ensuring the stability of these images over time; "promotion" of information on the PLAFCs in infosphere; ensuring its visibility and accessibility for RCs, including World Wide Web, are studied from the positions of interest of various groups of an individual person and legal entity (Russian and foreign).
Taking into account developing opportunities and the volume of usage of information and telecommunication technologies, the following issues were analyzed: change in the structure and characteristics of information about PLAFCs incoming to the RCs of fact; selection and usage of methods for controlling the composition and volume of incoming information.
It is testified that in RCs’ minds the images of PLAFCs are for medwith thematic composition, content, tonality and volume of information about the PLAFCs previously accumulated and newly received; by information evaluation approaches of different categories of RCs, by their age, social and economic group, level and scope of education and some other factors.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIALS USAGE IN COMMERCIAL FARROW-TO-FINISH PIG HOLDINGS IN VOJVODINA REGION (SERBIA)
Authors: Prodanov-Radulović Jasna Z , Lauková Andrea , Grešáková Ľubomira , Pušić Ivan , Grgić Živoslav , Petrović Jelena , Stojanov Igor 
Published: January 2021

The pig production is considered to be amongst the animal husbandry sectors with the highest antimicrobial usage. In Serbia, antimicrobials have wide application at pig farms as therapeutic but also as a prophylactic treatment. The aim of the research study was assessment of the antimicrobial usage in different stages of pig production in commercial farrow to-finish pig holdings located in Vojvodina Province (Serbia). In the research a total eleven pig holdings located in the Vojvodina Province were included. All investigated herds were single site farrow-to-finish production systems with minimum of 300 sows in the site. The data on prophylactic and therapeutic measures on the investigated farms were obtained from official farm treatment records provided by the veterinarians and/or farmers. The antimicrobials usage on the pig farms was recorded by product, administration route and animal production category. Analysis of recorded data revealed that different types of antimicrobials from almost all groups are applied. Breeding pigs (sows, boars) received less treatment compared to growing categories. Regarding different antimicrobials, a frequent use of cephalosporins and polymyxins applied to growing piglets was detected. The group treatments were mostly preventive and antimicrobial usage often lack prior a precise diagnosis. The high amounts of macrolides and pleuromutilins (tiamulin), quite often in combination with tetracycline’s in fattening stage were notified. In conclusion, the significant level of prophylactic antimicrobial treatments in farrow-to-finish pig farms in Serbia is evident. The present study was initiated as a first step for comparing antimicrobial usage on herd level using available data.
Clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la Institución Educativa Víctor Antonio Moreno Mosquera, 2018
Authors: Saltos Sarmiento Mercedes Heraclides , Pilaloa Tamayo Juan Carlos , Asian Canchis Hugo Enrique 
Published: January 2021

La investigación científica sobre clima organizacional y satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la institución educativa Víctor Antonio Moreno Mosquera tiene como objetivo determinar si existe relación entre ambas variables. Tiene metodológicamente enfoque cuantitativo de corte transversal y bivariada. el alcance fue descriptivo correlacional y el diseño utilizado es no experimental. La muestra fue de 98 trabajadores de la Institución Educativa Víctor Antonio Moreno Mosquera. Para recolectar los datos se utilizó como técnica la encuesta para ambas variables se utilizó como instrumento el cuestionario, los cuales pasaron por un proceso de validación y fiabilidad para luego ser aplicado a los docentes. El procesamiento de datos se realizó con el software SPSS (versión 23).
Realizado el análisis se obtuvo que el coeficiente de Rho de Spearman, con un resultado de Rho=0,775**, interpretándose como relación entre las variables, con una ρ = 0.00 (p < 0.05), con el cual se rechaza la hipótesis nula por lo tanto los resultados señalan que el clima organizacional se relaciona significativamente con la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la Institución Educativa Víctor Antonio Moreno Mosquera.