bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and mechanistic research on methane adsorption in anthracite modified by electrochemical treatment using selected electrode materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Runxu , Kang Tianhe , Hu Yaoqing , Li Chao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe strong adsorption capacity of methane in anthracite can seriously affect the methane extraction. Electrochemical treatment is an effective way to weaken the capacity of methane adsorption in coal. Iron, copper, aluminum and graphite as four kinds of electrode materials were selected to modify anthracite by electrochemical treatment. The adsorption of methane in anthracite, before and after modification, was tested under different adsorption pressure. Based on the changes of pore characteristics and chemical groups of anthracite, the modification process of different electrode materials was analyzed. The results showed that after electrochemical modification, the adsorption of methane decreased, when the graphite electrode was used, the methane adsorption decreases the most, followed by copper and iron electrodes, and the aluminum electrode decreased the least. After electrochemical modification using aluminum, iron, copper and graphite electrodes, the Langmuir constantareduced by 5.22%, 8.48%, 9.24% and 11.33%, respectively, and the degree of reduction is graphite > copper > iron > aluminum. After electrochemical modification using the graphite electrode, the Langmuir constantbwas reduced by 23.52%. On the contrary, after electrochemical modification using the mental electrodes, the Langmuir constantbwas increased by about 5%. The surface free energy of anthracite decreased with the adsorption of CH4, the higher the pressure, the more the free energy decreased, and the reduction of surface energy decreased after electrochemical modification. The difference of the electrode reactions was the main reason for the electrochemical results, the Mn+ions generated in the anode changed the properties of the clay mineral in the coal, and the H+ions corroded the calcite minerals in the coal. The results obtained from this work indicate that the selection of electrode materials is crucial for the electrochemical modification, and graphite electrode is optimum for anthracite when accelerating methane extraction by electrochemical method.
Extraction of magnetic circular dichroism effects from blended mixture of magnetic linear dichroism signals in the cobalt/Scotch tape system
Authors: Huang Chien-Hua , Hsu Hua-Shu , Sun Shih-Jye , Chang Yu-Ying , Misiuna Paweł , Baczewski Lech Tomasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) signals revealed in some materials may arise from different origins during measurements. Magnetic field dependent CD (MCD) emanating from the spin-polarized band provides direct insight into the spin–spin interband transitions in magnetic materials. On the contrary, natural CD effects which are artefactual signals resulting from the linear polarization (LP) components during the polarization modulation with a photo-elastic modulator in anisotropic polymer systems were usually observed. There is no simple method to reliably distinguish MCD effect due to spin polarized band structures from natural CD effect, which limits our understanding of the magnetic material/polymer hybrid structures. This paper aims to introduce a general strategy of averaging out the magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) contributions due to the anisotropic structure and disentangling MCD signal(s) from natural MCD signal(s). We demonstrate the effectiveness of separating MCD from natural MCD using rotational MCD measurement and presented the results of a sample with Co thin film on polymer Scotch tape (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) glued on a quartz substrate. We demonstrate that the proposed method can be used as an effective tool in disentangling MCD and natural MCD effects, and it opens prospects to study the magnetic material /polymer hybrid systems.
A truncated form of a transcription factor Mamo activates vasa in Drosophila embryos
Authors: Nakamura Shoichi , Hira Seiji , Fujiwara Masato , Miyagata Nasa , Tsuji Takuma , Kondo Akane , Kimura Hiroshi , Shinozuka Yuko , Hayashi Makoto , Kobayashi Satoru , Mukai Masanori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExpression of the vasa gene is associated with germline establishment. Therefore, identification of vasa activator(s) should provide insights into germline development. However, the genes sufficient for vasa activation remain unknown. Previously, we showed that the BTB/POZ-Zn-finger protein Mamo is necessary for vasa expression in Drosophila. Here, we show that the truncated Mamo lacking the BTB/POZ domain (MamoAF) is a potent vasa activator. Overexpression of MamoAF was sufficient to induce vasa expression in both primordial germ cells and brain. Indeed, Mamo mRNA encoding a truncated Mamo isoform, which is similar to MamoAF, was predominantly expressed in primordial germ cells. The results of our genetic and biochemical studies showed that MamoAF, together with CBP, epigenetically activates vasa expression. Furthermore, MamoAF and the germline transcriptional activator OvoB exhibited synergy in activating vasa transcription. We propose that a Mamo-mediated network of epigenetic and transcriptional regulators activates vasa expression.
Phytochemicals protect L02 cells against hepatotoxicity induced by emodin via the Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Yan Yan , Wang Kang , Tang Xu , Gao Jun-feng , Wen Bin-yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DMY), hyperoside and silybin are phytochemicals that belong to a class called flavonoids, and they have been used in liver protection pharmaceutical preparations, but the specific mechanism of these chemicals is still unclarified. This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effects and potential mechanism of these phytochemicals. The immortalized human hepatocyte cell line L02 was treated with 200 μM emodin for 48 h, and this was used as a hepatocyte injury model. The L02 cells were treated with both 200 μM emodin and different concentrations of DMY/hyperoside/silybin for 48 h to investigate the protective effects of these phytochemicals. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability. RT-qPCR and western blotting were performed to examine the mRNA and protein expression, respectively, of the classic bile acid synthetic pathway gene CYP7A1, the bile acid efflux transporter bile salt export pump (BSEP), the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the drug processing gene CYP1A2. DMY, hyperoside and silybin prevented the impairment of cell viability that was caused by emodin-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and at a low concentration (10 μM), the protective effect followed the order hyperoside &gt; DMY &gt; silybin, while at a high concentration (160 μM), the protective effect followed the order DMY &gt; hyperoside &gt; silybin. These phytochemicals reduced the expression of CYP7A1 at both the mRNA and protein levels. BSEP was not influenced by the phytochemical intervention. When 200 μM emodin was used for 48 h with the addition of the phytochemicals at 200 μM, the nuclear protein expression of Nrf2 significantly increased and CYP1A2 expression decreased. DMY, hyperoside and silybin prevented the hepatotoxicity induced by emodin in the L02 cells, potentially, via the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Cytotoxic effect of silica nanoparticles against hepatocellular carcinoma cells through necroptosis induction
Authors: Niu Yuexiang , Tang Engong , Zhang Qingan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer that affects people worldwide with high morbidity and mortality, and its resistance to current chemotherapeutic drugs is a serious concern. Cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles (Nano-SiO2) towards cancer cells has been reported previously, but the specific mechanism is not fully clear. In this study, Nano-SiO2 showed a remarkable cytotoxic effect against HCC cells, regardless of whether the cells were drug resistant or not. Further study showed that Nano-SiO2 treatment leads to cell cycle arrest, apoptosis enhancement and necroptosis induction in the HCC cells. RNA-seq data, together with bioinformatics analysis, revealed that a series of genes involved in cancer cell death could be regulated by Nano-SiO2, among which ZBP-1 was up-regulated the most by Nano-SiO2 treatment. The siRNA based experiments demonstrated that ZBP-1 might play a key role in mediating Nano-SiO2 cytotoxic functions against HCC cells. These results have evidently signified the anti-tumor potential of Nano-SiO2 in the treatment of HCC.
Application of the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) to inorganic compounds: a case study of platinum species
Authors: Hemming Jocelyn D. C. , Hosford Mark , Shafer Martin M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The in chemico Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) was developed as a non-animal, relatively high throughput, screening tool for skin sensitization potential. Although the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for respiratory sensitization remains to be fully elucidated, it is recognized that the molecular initiation event for both skin and respiratory sensitization to low molecular weight chemicals involves haptenation with proteins. The DPRA examines the reactivity of a test compound to two model peptides (containing either cysteine or lysine) and consequently is able to screen for both skin and respiratory sensitization potential. The DPRA was primarily developed for and validated with organic compounds and assessment of the applicability of the assay to metal compounds has received only limited attention. This paper reports the successful application of the DPRA to a series of platinum compounds, including hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinate salts, which are some of the most potent chemical respiratory sensitizers known. Eleven platinum compounds were evaluated using the DPRA protocol as detailed by Lalko et al., with only minor modification. Two palladium compounds with structures similar to that of the platinum species studied and cobalt chloride were additionally tested for comparison. The hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinate salts showed exceptionally high reactivity with the cysteine peptide (EC15 values of 1.4 and 14 μM, respectively). However, for platinum compounds (e.g. hydrogen hexahydroxyplatinate and tetraammineplatinum) where clinical and epidemiological evidence indicates limited sensitization potential, the cysteine DPRA showed only minor or no reactivity (EC15 values of 24 600 and &gt;30 000 μM, respectively). The outcomes of the lysine peptide assays were less robust and where EC15 was measurable, values were substantially higher than the corresponding results from the cysteine assay. This work supports the value of in chemico peptide reactivity as a metric for assessment of platinum sensitization potential and therefore in screening of new platinum compounds for low or absent sensitization potential. Additional studies are required to determine whether the DPRA may be successfully applied to other metals. We provide details on method modifications and precautions important to the success of the DPRA in the assessment of metal reactivity.
Distinctiveness and Assimilation in Vowel Perception in a Second Language
Authors: Hu Wei , Tao Sha , Li Mingshuang , Liu Chang 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate how the distinctive establishment of 2nd language (L2) vowel categories (e.g., how distinctively an L2 vowel is established from nearby L2 vowels and from the native language counterpart in the 1st formant [F1] × 2nd formant [F2] vowel space) affected L2 vowel perception.MethodIdentification of 12 natural English monophthongs, and categorization and rating of synthetic English vowels /i/ and /ɪ/ in the F1 × F2 space were measured for Chinese-native (CN) and English-native (EN) listeners. CN listeners were also examined with categorization and rating of Chinese vowels in the F1 × F2 space.ResultsAs expected, EN listeners significantly outperformed CN listeners in English vowel identification. Whereas EN listeners showed distinctive establishment of 2 English vowels, CN listeners had multiple patterns of L2 vowel establishment: both, 1, or neither established. Moreover, CN listeners' English vowel perception was significantly related to the perceptual distance between the English vowel and its Chinese counterpart, and the perceptual distance between the adjacent English vowels.ConclusionsL2 vowel perception relied on listeners' capacity to distinctively establish L2 vowel categories that were distant from the nearby L2 vowels.
HV isolated power supply system for complex multiple electrical potential equipment in 500 kV hybrid DC breaker
Authors: Zhang Xiangyu , Yu Zhanqing , Zeng Rong , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yuehuang , Xiao Fengliang , Li Wei 
Published: November 2019

High‐voltage direct current circuit breakers (HVDC CB) are one of the key technologies of multi‐terminal DC systems and DC grids. Different from other equipment that use a large number of power electronic devices, the HVDC CB cannot obtain its power from the primary system at high potential, making the power supply of the complex multiple electrical potential equipment in HVDC CB a challenge. In this study, the authors propose an HV isolated power supply system based on the multi‐output high‐frequency isolated power supply unit and the cascaded isolation transformer network. This power supply system can support the 500 kV CB to turn‐off 25 kA current with 800 kV overvoltage.
Fast and robust video stabilisation with preserved intentional camera motion and smear removal for infrared video
Authors: Khare Sudhir , Singh Manvendra , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: November 2019

Border military surveillance is one of the demanding and challenging tasks for any nation. Thermal (infrared) camera, which works on the infrared domain, provides complete visual sequences even in pitch dark night conditions. When the video is recorded from a thermal camera mounted on a vehicle, the output video is unstabilised with poor visual quality due to unintentional camera motion. These unwanted motions also introduce smear. Furthermore, there may be situations when a camera is moved intentionally to capture target. This study proposes a fast and robust algorithm for auto stabilisation of videos with smear removal while keeping the intentional motion of camera. This algorithm is developed under the framework of speeded up robust features matching. The proposed algorithm is capable of correcting both motions, i.e. translation as well as rotational. Quality improvement of up to 21 dB is achieved in the stabilised output videos.
Pseudarthrosen am Unterarm
Authors: Rausch Valentin , Hackl Michael , Ries Christian , Müller Lars P. 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungUnterarmfrakturen treten häufig auf und werden regelhaft operativ versorgt. Für gute funktionelle Ergebnisse müssen Unterarmfrakturen anatomisch reponiert werden, was im Falle einer Revision weiter erschwert wird. Daher ist eine ausbleibende Frakturheilung bei diesen Verletzungen besonders problematisch.Die operative Therapie dieser Pseudarthrosen besteht aus einem Debridement und der stabil osteosynthetischen Versorgung. In der Regel ist zudem eine Augmentation des knöchernen Defekts erforderlich: Kleinere Defekte können erfolgreich mit einer Spongiosaplastik behandelt werden, für größere Defekte werden vaskularisierte und nicht vaskularisierte Späne verwendet. In seltenen Ausnahmen können auch Reserveverfahren wie der Segmenttransport oder das Masquelet-Verfahren Anwendung finden. Mit diesen Strategien ist meist eine erfolgreiche Ausheilung der Pseudarthrose möglich. Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Häufigkeit von Pseudarthrosen am Unterarm und Therapiestrategien zusammenzufassen.
Pseudarthrosen und schlecht heilende Frakturen am Humerusschaft und am distalen Humerus
Authors: Plecko Michael 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungFrakturen am Humerusschaft werden häufig konservativ im Brace behandelt und werden allgemein als benigne Frakturen mit hoher Heilungspotenz eingestuft. Dennoch kommt es, je nach Abschnitt, in 12 – 24% zur Ausbildung einer Pseudarthrose. Meist ist die Funktionalität des Armes so gestört, dass eine operative Behandlung notwendig wird. Eine exakte Analyse ist für den Erfolg der Therapie unumgänglich. Die Plattenosteosynthese, bevorzugt mit interfragmentärer Kompression und Anlagerung autologer Knochenspäne, führt in der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Fälle zu einer raschen und soliden Heilung und ermöglich gleichzeitig die Korrektur relevanter Fehlstellungen. Bei atrophen Pseudarthrosen sind zusätzlich Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der lokalen Biologie notwendig. Am distalen Humerus ist häufiger die suprakondyläre Region betroffen. Hier steht die Einstauchung und Kompression der Knochenenden gegeneinander sowie die Defektauffüllung mit autologen Knochenspänen im Vordergrund. Eine Doppelplattenosteosynthese sorgt für ausreichende Stabilität. Ein ausgedehntes Kapselrelease verhindert eine erhöhte Belastung der Frakturzone und verhindert eine zu starke postoperative Bewegungseinschränkung. Bei Fällen, die nicht stabil rekonstruierbar sind, stellt die Ellbogentotalendoprothese eine sehr gute Rettungsoperation dar.
Salz- und Wasser-Zufuhr bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Mohaupt Markus 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Regulation von Na+ und Aldosteron ist komplex und eng mit dem Renin-Angiotensin-II-Aldosteron-System (RAAS) verknüpft. Die Aldosteron-Renin-Relation wird in physiologischen und pathophysiologischen Situationen, z. B. durch eine Hämodialysebehandlung, entkoppelt. Zudem ist die Angiotensin-I-Aktivierung durch das Angiontensin I Converting Enzyme (ACE) gesteigert. Komplizierend ist Na+ mit unterschiedlichen Wirkungen kompartimentalisiert: extrazellulär volumenwirksam, ossär zum langsamen Austausch gespeichert und wasserfrei im Gewebe tonizitätsassoziiert metabolisch aktiv. Eine spezifisch Na+-arme Diät ist nicht sinnvoll, da sie mit einer höheren Mortalität assoziiert ist. Jedoch scheint bei sonst gutem Ernährungszustand eine Kochsalz-Zufuhr von unter 6–7 g/d und eine geringe interdialytische Gewichtszunahme vorteilhaft für das Überleben zu sein. Studien zum Dialysat-Na+ sind von mäßiger Qualität und zeigen, dass ein tieferes Dialysat-Na+ zu einer geringeren interdialytischen Gewichtszunahme, zu einem niedrigeren prädialytischen Blutdruck und zu einem reduzierten Einsatz von Antihypertensiva führt. Krämpfe und intradialytische Blutdruckabfälle nehmen zu. Einige potenzielle Forschungsfragestellungen werden beschrieben.
Long-Term Knowledge Retention after Peer-Assisted Abdominal Ultrasound Teaching: Is PAL a Successful Model for Achieving Knowledge Retention?
Authors: Nourkami-Tutdibi Nasenien , Tutdibi Erol , Schmidt Susanne , Zemlin Michael , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Hofer Matthias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Diagnostic ultrasound has a crucial importance in clinical settings, especially in intensive care medicine where bedside ultrasound has become indispensable. Medical students as well as residents therefore have a strong interest in learning this useful skill. Since staff resources are limited, more and more universities are using student tutors in a peer-assisted learning concept (PAL) to teach medical students early in their training. To date, there is very sparse data about knowledge retention after peer-assisted teaching. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether PAL is a suitable method for teaching complex skills like abdominal ultrasound and to evaluate whether students do achieve adequate long-term knowledge retention after peer-assisted teaching.
Method A total of 40 volunteer 3rd to 5th year students were randomly assigned to a basic abdominal ultrasound course in small training groups of 5 persons each. Participants were evaluated using a pre-post-test design by a validated objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) before and immediately after the course. To measure the retention of knowledge, 15 former participants were randomly selected to repeat the OSCE assessment after one year.
Results All groups showed a significant improvement in practical skills and knowledge gain after the training with mean values of 13.1 for pre-test compared to 83.5 (maximum 100 points) for post-test (p < 0.001). The overall score achieved after one year was 78.7 and did not significantly differ from the post-test result.
Conclusion PAL is effective for teaching abdominal ultrasound. Students were able to accomplish a satisfactory level of ultrasound skills. We further demonstrated that PAL can assure long-term knowledge retention.
Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: Relationship of Fever and Maternal Morbidity
Authors: DeYoung Tracey H. , Whittington Julie R. , Ennen Christopher S. , Poole Aaron T. 
Published: November 2019

Objective To evaluate the relationship between maternal fever at the time of hospital admission and subsequent maternal morbidity in pregnant patients with pyelonephritis.
Study Design In this retrospective cohort study, inpatient records were reviewed for all obstetric patients discharged from a single tertiary care hospital between June 1, 2011, and May 30, 2017, with the diagnosis of pyelonephritis. Patients were stratified into two groups, those with and without fever at the time of admission. Descriptive statistics were utilized to evaluate the association of fever at the time of presentation with subsequent morbidity. Using admission vital signs, maternal early warning criteria (MEWC) were applied and odds ratios calculated to predict intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Results A total of 110 patients were admitted with pyelonephritis in pregnancy; 24 patients were febrile and 86 patients were afebrile on admission. There was no difference in rates of maternal ICU admission between both groups. Positive MEWC was predictive of ICU admission with an adjusted odds ratio of 16.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.29–212.5; p = 0.03).
Conclusion Afebrile pregnant patients with pyelonephritis remain at risk of significant maternal morbidity. Application of the MEWC on admission identifies patients at higher risk of ICU admission.
Utility of Upright Weight-bearing Imaging in Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: DelSole Edward M. , Mercuri John J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlanning for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has traditionally been performed using static supine anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis. Recent advances in imaging technology and the understanding of human spinopelvic kinematics have made weight-bearing radiography an important adjunct to supine imaging. Hip surgeons can use weight-bearing imaging to optimize THA component position to prevent hip instability and early component wear. The goal of this narrative review is to delineate the fundamentals of spinopelvic kinematics, the benefits of surgical planning using weight-bearing radiography, and the underpinnings of upright full-body stereoradiography as a useful adjunct to traditional supine radiographs.