bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic Evil and Christian Discipleship
Authors: MacDonald Mark 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the churches have focused much of their attention on the individual's encounter with evil, it is urgent and essential that this focus be expanded to consider communal systemic evil. Rediscovering this emphasis in ancient sources – biblical and Indigenous – we begin to see that engagement with systemic evils like racism and colonialism is a central aspect of Christian discipleship. There is a preliminary and important anticipation and realization of this rediscovery in The Arusha Call to Discipleship document of the World Council of Churches. In an age that is beset by the deadly intersection of multiple forms of systemic evil, it is urgent that discipleship confront the principalities and powers that corrupt and destroy life.
Reaching the Champions of Social Justice
Authors: Apawo Phiri Isabel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince the formation of the World Council of Churches (WCC) in 1948, the ecumenical voice against social injustice in the church and society has been strengthening. As one expression of unity among the fellowship, the WCC embarked in 2013 on a Pilgrimage of Justice and Peace to work, pray, and walk together for life‐affirming economies, climate change, nonviolent peace building, and reconciliation and human dignity. Champions of these issues exist within the ecumenical movement. Yet one also finds that champions of one theme are pushing back on another theme. Sometimes it is due to diversity of contexts and biblical and theological interpretations. At other times it is due to unconscious bias about the holistic nature of God's mission of justice for all God's people and creation. This paper grapples with this question: Why are people who are so alive to economic and ecological injustice sometimes blind to racial and gender injustice? To answer this, I explore the existence of conscious and unconscious bias despite the many powerful ecumenical statements that have been issued on racial justice.
Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of musculoskeletal disease in horses: Relative merits of allogeneic versus autologous stem cells
Authors: Colbath Aimée C. , Dow Steven W. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Goodrich Laurie R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used for treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in horses, but there is ongoing debate regarding the relative safety and efficacy of allogeneic MSCs, compared with autologous equine MSCs. This review summarises the currently available published data regarding the therapeutic use of autologous and allogeneic MSCs in horses. Arguments that have been advanced against the use of allogeneic MSCs include higher risk of immunological reactions and shorter cell survival times following injection. Arguments favouring the use of allogeneic MSCs include the ability to bank cells and reduce the time to treatment, to collect MSCs from younger donor animals and the ability to manipulate banked cells prior to administration. In vitro studies and a limited set of experimental in vivo studies have indicated that adverse immunological reactions may occur when allogeneic MSCs are administered to horses. However, newer studies lack evidence of inflammatory reactions or adverse clinical responses when allogeneic MSCs are administered and compared with autologous MSCs. Thus, while the relative merits of allogeneic vs autologous MSCs for treatment of musculoskeletal injuries in horses have not been fully established, accumulating evidence from studies in horses suggests that allogeneic MSCs maybe a safe alternative to autologous MSCs. Large, properly designed, randomised trials in addition to careful immunological evaluation of short‐term and long‐term, local and systemic immune responses are needed to more fully resolve the issue.
Rethinking geographies of race and austerity urbanism
Authors: Phinney Sawyer 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAusterity has become a key consideration for studying ongoing state restructuring of the urban since the economic crisis of 2008. However, academic debates have yet to fully interrogate the role of race in this process. This article reviews geographic literature on race and austerity. It outlines the emergence of austerity urbanism, and the geographic, sociological, and political science literatures from which it draws its origins from. Focusing on the interplay between race/racialization and austerity, this article engages with critical theories of race to better understand the “raced” nature of austerity, and how these processes shape cities. Critical theories of race have been influential in linking race to forms of state power and governance in geography, while also exploring racism as a material and discursive formation that is connected across space and time by capital. Austerity urbanism literature has yet to develop a sophisticated analysis of the racialized dimensions of austerity in the U.S. context. Rather, scholarship up to date theorizes race through fixed categories, where racialized groups are seen and mapped onto austerity policy outcomes. In this paper, I propose that critical theories of race can provide an analytical framework for geographers to better understand the relations between race and austerity through the lens of racial capitalism by revealing how periods of neoliberalization are organized along racial lines and operate through and upon terrains of racial domination and empire. This means framing race and racism as a process (i.e., racialization) that is inextricably embedded in the logic of the neoliberal project. This paper concludes with commentary on possible future directions, both empirical and conceptual, that engagements with racial capitalism can offer to the literature on austerity urbanism to interrogate race, power, and justice across the Global North and South.
Ever‐transient FDI and ever‐polarizing regional development: Revisiting conventional theories of regional development in the context of China, Southeast and South Asia
Authors: Zhao Simon X. B. , Wong David W. H. , Wong David W. S. , Jiang Y. P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this new age of globalization, regions attempt to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in order to achieve regionally balanced development. We revisit existing theories of regional development and FDI by analyzing recent data sets on FDI, employment, and trade in China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia. Using Chinese provincial data in 2004, 2008, and 2013 and applying panel estimations, our econometric results demonstrate that FDI remarkably influenced the concentration of employment in manufacturing, financial, and business services industries within the three Chinese macro‐regions. We also find that FDI is ever transient, always moving away from high‐cost to low‐cost production bases across different regions. This transient nature of FDI is spatially selective and biased, and not able to generate the trickle‐down effects to other neighboring regions. That is why FDI recently moved from China to Southeast and South Asia rather than from its coastal to inland regions. Furthermore, we show that this nature of FDI generally leads to polarization development for regions. As a synthesis or extension of the existing theories, we propose aleapfrog polarization pattern and strategyfor vast developing countries in considering their regional development strategies.
Three compartment bioimpedance spectroscopy in the nutritional assessment and the outcome of patients with advanced or end stage kidney disease: What have we learned so far?
Authors: Broers Natascha J. H. , Canaud Bernard , Dekker Marijke J. E. , van der Sande Frank M. , Stuard Stefano , Wabel Peter , Kooman Jeroen P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an easily applicable tool to assess body composition. The three compartment model BIS (3C BIS) conventionally expresses body composition as lean tissue index (LTI) (lean tissue mass [LTM]/height in meters squared) and fat tissue index (FTI) (adipose tissue mass/height in meters squared), and a virtual compartment reflecting fluid overload (FO). It has been studied extensively in relation to diagnosis and treatment guidance of fluid status disorders in patients with advanced‐stage or end‐stage renal disease. It is the aim of this article to provide a narrative review on the relevance of 3C BIS in the nutritional assessment in this population. At a population level, LTI decreases after the start of hemodialysis, whereas FTI increases. LTI below the 10th percentile is a consistent predictor of outcome whereas a low FTI is predominantly associated with outcome when combined with a low LTI. Recent research also showed the connection between low LTI, inflammation, and FO, which are cumulatively associated with an increased mortality risk. However, studies toward nutritional interventions based on BIS data are still lacking in this population. In conclusion, 3C BIS, by disentangling the components of body mass index, has contributed to our understanding of the relevance of abnormalities in different body compartments in chronic kidney disease patients, and appears to be a valuable prognostic tool, at least at a population level. Studies assessing the effect of BIS guided nutritional intervention could further support its use in the daily clinical care for renal patients.
Altered Hypothalamic Region Covariance in Migraine and Cluster Headache: A Structural MRI Study
Authors: Chong Catherine D. , Aguilar Maria , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe hypothalamus plays a key role in both migraine and cluster headache (CH). As brain region‐to‐region structural correlations are believed to reflect structural and functional brain connectivity patterns, we assessed the structural covariance patterns between the volume of the hypothalamic region and vertex‐by‐vertex measurements of cortical thickness in patients with migraine and in those with CH relative to healthy controls (HC).MethodsT1‐weighted images were acquired on a 3T MRI scanner for a total of 59 subjects including 18 patients with CH (age: mean = 43.8, SD = 12.4), 19 with migraine (age: mean = 40.1, SD = 12.2), and 22 HCs (age: mean = 39.1, SD = 8.2). Imaging was collected between attacks (migraineurs) and during out‐of‐bout phases (CH). Data were post‐processed using FreeSurfer version 6.0 and within‐group correlations between hypothalamic region volume with cortical thickness were explored using a whole‐brain vertex‐wise linear model approach. Between‐group differences in correlation slopes between hypothalamic region volume and vertex‐by‐vertex measurements of cortical thickness were interrogated using post‐hoc comparisons.ResultsThere were no significant between‐group differences (migraine vs CH; migraine vs HC; or CH vs HC) for age, sex, total brain volume or volume of the left or right hypothalamic region. For each group, there were significant positive correlations (P < .01) between right and left hypothalamic region volumes with cortical thickness measurements. HC had significant positive correlations between hypothalamic region volume and cortical thickness over large portions of the superior and rostral medial frontal, orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate, and smaller clusters in the superior and middle temporal, posterior cingulate, fusiform, and precentral cortex. Post‐hoc analysis showed significant differences in covariance patterns in those with migraine and CH relative to HC, with both migraine patients and CH having weaker structural covariance of hypothalamic region volume with frontal and temporal cortical thickness.ConclusionRecent evidence suggests hypothalamic region connectivity to frontal and temporal areas to be relevant for regulating pain perception. Thus, the diminished structural covariance in migraineurs and CH might suggest abnormal functioning of the pain control circuitry and contribute to mechanisms underlying central sensitization and chronification of pain.
Sensory Hypersensitivity Symptoms in Migraine With vs Without Aura: Results From the American Registry for Migraine Research
Authors: Pearl Talia A. , Dumkrieger Gina , Chong Catherine D. , Dodick David W. , Schwedt Todd J. 
Published: January 2020

Background and ObjectivesMigraine with aura (MwA) is associated with increased brain hyper‐responsiveness to visual stimuli and increased visual network connectivity relative to migraine without aura (MwoA). Despite this, prior studies have provided conflicting results regarding whether MwA is associated with higher photophobia symptom scores compared to MwoA. The relationships between MwA and other types of sensory hypersensitivity, such as phonophobia and cutaneous allodynia (CA), have not been previously investigated. The purpose of this cross‐sectional observational study was to investigate whether MwA is associated with greater symptoms of photophobia, phonophobia, and CA compared to MwoA.MethodsThis analysis included 321 migraine patients (146 MwA; 175 MwoA) who had been enrolled into the American Registry for Migraine Research. The diagnosis of either MwoA or MwA was determined by headache specialists using ICHD diagnostic criteria. Patients completed the Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire, the Hyperacusis Questionnaire, and the Allodynia Symptom Checklist. Mean or median values were compared between groups. Regression models were created to analyze the relationship between MwA with photophobia scores, hyperacusis scores, and the presence of interictal CA.ResultsThose with MwA had higher mean photophobia scores than those with MwoA (4.1 vs 3.0, P = .0003). MwA was positively associated with photophobia symptom severity (B = 0.50 [SE = 0.14], P = .0003), after controlling for age, patient sex, and headache frequency. Aura was not associated with hyperacusis symptom severity (B = 0.07 [SE = 0.08], P = .346) or the presence of interictal CA (OR 1.33 [95% CI 0.70‐2.53], P = .381).ConclusionMwA is associated with higher photophobia symptom scores compared to MwoA. Aura is not associated with greater hyperacusis or interictal allodynia scores. These findings complement prior imaging and neurophysiologic studies that demonstrated MwA to be associated with hyper‐responsiveness of brain visual processing regions. The findings suggest that MwA is associated specifically with visual hypersensitivity, as opposed to being associated with a general hypersensitivity to multiple types of sensory stimuli.
Very high pacing thresholds during long‐term follow‐up predicted by a combination of implant pacing threshold and impedance in leadless transcatheter pacemakers
Authors: Tolosana José M. , Guasch Eduard , San Antonio Rodolfo , Apolo Jose , Pujol‐López Margarida , Chipa‐Ccasani Fredy , Trucco Emilce , Roca‐Luque Ivo  , Brugada Josep , Mont Lluís 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicra transcatheter pacemaker system (TPS) usually achieves low implant pacing threshold (IPT). However, IPT may increase in some patients during follow‐up.AimTo apply implant parameters in predicting long‐term occurrence of very high pacing threshold (VHPT) in patients with Micra‐TPS.MethodsA cohort of 110 consecutive patients implanted with a Micra‐TPS from 2014 to 2018 was evaluated at discharge and at 1, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months follow‐up. VHPT was defined as greater than 2 V/0.24 ms. VHPT predictors were identified.ResultsMicra‐TPS was implanted successfully in 108 patients (98.2%). During a mean follow‐up of 24 ± 16 months, 18 patients (16.7%) died of causes nonpacemaker‐related, and 4 (3.8%) developed VHPT. Patients with VHPT had higher IPT and lower implant impedance than patients with non‐VHPT: 1 ± 0.31 vs 0.55 ± 0.29 V/0.24 ms (P = .003) and 580 ± 59 vs 837 ± 232 Ω (P = .03), respectively. IPT and impedance had excellent discriminative power to predict VHPT (area under the curve: 0.85 ± 0.07 and 0.91 ± 0.05, respectively). Negative predictive value (NPV) of IPT ≤ 0.5 V/0.24 ms was 100%; positive predictive value (PPV) was 8% throughout follow‐up. Implant impedance ≤ 600 Ω had NPV of 99% throughout follow‐up, whereas PPV varied: 16%, 21%, 16%, and 28% at 1, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. Sequential combination of IPT greater than 0.5 V/0.24 ms and impedance ≤ 600 Ω improved PPV to 25%, 35%, 27%, and 44%, respectively, whereas NPV remained 99% throughout follow‐up.ConclusionDespite favorable long‐term electrical performance of Micra‐TPS, a small percent of patients developed VHPT during follow‐up. A sequential combination of IPT and impedance could allow the implanter to identify patients who will develop VHPT during long‐term follow‐up.
Identification of late‐stage pollen‐specific promoters for construction of pollen‐inactivation system in rice
Authors: Wang Menglong , Yan Wei , Peng Xiaoqun , Chen Zhufeng , Xu Chunjue , Wu Jianxin , Deng Xing Wang , Tang Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale production of male sterile seeds can be achieved by introducing a fertility‐restoration gene linked with a pollen‐killer gene into a recessive male sterile mutant. We attempted to construct this system in rice by using a late‐stage pollen‐specific (LSP) promoter driving the expression of maize α‐amylase gene ZM‐AA1. To obtain such promoters in rice, we conducted comparative RNA‐seq analysis of mature pollen with meiosis anther, and compared this with the transcriptomic data of various tissues in the Rice Expression Database, resulting in 269 candidate LSP genes. Initial test of nine LSP genes showed that only the most active OsLSP3 promoter could drive ZM‐AA1 to disrupt pollen. We then analyzed an additional 22 LSP genes and found 12 genes stronger than OsLSP3 in late‐stage anthers. The promoters of OsLSP5 and OsLSP6 showing higher expression than OsLSP3 at stages 11 and 12 could drive ZM‐AA1 to inactivate pollen, while the promoter of OsLSP4 showing higher expression at stage 12 only could not drive ZM‐AA1 to disrupt pollen, suggesting that strong promoter activity at stage 11 was critical for pollen inactivation. The strong pollen‐specific promoters identified in this study provided valuable tools for genetic engineering of rice male sterile system for hybrid rice production.
Expression of α3β2β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by rat adrenal chromaffin cells determined using novel conopeptide antagonists
Authors: Hone Arik J. , Rueda‐Ruzafa Lola , Gordon Thomas J. , Gajewiak Joanna , Christensen Sean , Dyhring Tino , Albillos Almudena , McIntosh J. Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAdrenal chromaffin cells release neurotransmitters in response to stress and may be involved in conditions such as post‐traumatic stress and anxiety disorders. Neurotransmitter release is triggered, in part, by activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, despite decades of use as a model system for studying exocytosis, the nAChR subtypes involved have not been pharmacologically identified. Quantitative real‐time PCR of rat adrenal medulla revealed an abundance of mRNAs for α3, α7, β2, and β4 subunits. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp electrophysiology of chromaffin cells and subtype‐selective ligands were used to probe for nAChRs derived from the mRNAs found in adrenal medulla. A novel conopeptide antagonist, PeIA‐5469, was created that is highly selective for α3β2 over other nAChR subtypes heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Experiments using PeIA‐5469 and the α3β4‐selective α‐conotoxin TxID revealed that rat adrenal medulla contain two populations of chromaffin cells that express either α3β4 nAChRs alone or α3β4 together with the α3β2β4 subtype. Conclusions were derived from observations that acetylcholine‐gated currents in some cells were sensitive to inhibition by PeIA‐5469 and TxID, while in other cells, currents were sensitive only to TxID. Expression of functional α7 nAChRs was determined using three α7‐selective ligands: the agonist PNU282987, the positive allosteric modulator PNU120596, and the antagonist α‐conotoxin [V11L,V16D]ArIB. The results of these studies identify for the first time the expression of α3β2β4 nAChRs as well as functional α7 nAChRs by rat adrenal chromaffin cells.
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The effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions for preventing urinary tract infections in older adults in residential aged care facilities: A systematic review
Authors: Wu Min‐Lin (Winnie) , Pu Lihui , Grealish Laurie , Jones Cindy , Moyle Wendy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo explore the effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions to prevent urinary tract infections in older adults living in residential aged care facilities.BackgroundWhile most empirical studies focus on the treatment of urinary tract infections, few studies have examined the effectiveness of nurse‐led interventions in preventing urinary tract infections.DesignSystematic review.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between 2008–2018. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) a focus on older adults, (b) evaluation of nurse‐led interventions, focusing on prevention of urinary tract infection, (c) implemented in residential aged care facilities, and (d) outcomes reported as incidence or prevalence of urinary tract infection. The selected papers were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The data were analysed with narrative synthesis, and findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA review of 1,614 titles and abstracts identified four studies that met the inclusion criteria. Three types of nurse‐led interventions were identified: (a) the appointment of advanced practice nurses, (b) those focused on a single specific nursing intervention, and (c) implementation of a multicomponent nursing intervention. All included studies reported at least some positive outcomes. However, the included studies were highly heterogeneous and it was impossible to determine the most effective intervention approach.ConclusionsNurses are leaders in health care and are well placed to lead prevention of urinary tract infections in residential aged care; however, evidence of the effectiveness of a nurse‐led approach is limited. High‐quality randomised controlled trials are warranted to address the knowledge gap and advance practice in this area.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen developing an effective nurse‐led intervention programme, the programme should be grounded in nurse‐led principles and consider the complex staffing factors to ensure that nurse‐led programmes are tailored to an effective level.
Behavioral Repertoire of Families for Coping with Individuals with Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) in Japan1
Authors: Nonaka Shunsuke , Shimada Hironori , Sakai Motohiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the characteristics of families’ behavioral repertoires in hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) cases. We asked 243 parents of individuals with hikikomori (hikikomori group) to complete the Family Behavioral Repertoire Scale for Coping With Hikikomori (FBS‐H), the Negative Evaluation of Hikikomori Scale, and a self‐efficacy measure of coping with problem behaviors of hikikomori in order to develop the FBS‐H and to examine its reliability and validity. Additionally, we examined the characteristics of hikikomori cases regarding the families’ behavioral repertoires using data from the hikikomori group and from 458 parents of individuals with no experience of hikikomori (control group). The results of the analysis indicated the acceptable reliability and validity of the FBS‐H. The hikikomori group did not have lower FBS‐H scores than the control group. This result indicates the possibility that a family's behavioral repertoire does not strongly influence the “expression” of hikikomori. Further research is needed to clarify the influence of families’ behavioral repertoires to refine family support.