bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Study of the Impact of Vibrational Excitations and Plasma-Generated Radicals on Catalytic Conversion Processes
Authors: Engelmann Yannick , Neyts Erik , Schneider William , Bogaerts Annemie 
Published: October 2020

We developed microkinetic models to investigate the plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis and non-oxidative coupling of methane on transition metal catalysts. These models aim at gaining insight in the reaction mechanisms of plasma-activated species at the catalytic surface. We focus on the effects of vibrational excitations as well as plasma-generated radicals, on the total rate of conversion, the product selectivity and the catalyst coverage.
Based on the results of DFT calculations, we built scaling relations for the catalytic conversion of N2 and H2 towards NH3 and CH4 coupling towards C2-hydrocarbons on transition metal catalysts. These scaling relations allow the generation of ‘volcano’ plots that show the logarithm of the turnover frequencies as function of a catalyst descriptor (in our case the binding energy of N for ammonia and CH3 for methane). We compare the volcano plots for thermal catalysis with vibrationally-enhanced catalysis and radical-enhanced catalysis in order to investigate how the plasma can most efficiently aid in the catalytic conversion. Careful analysis of reaction flow diagrams shows which pathways are dominant in each of the regimes. We show that Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanisms can become very important in plasmas with high densities of radical species as opposed to thermal conditions where ER is usually considered negligible compared to Langmuir Hinschelwood. We determined on which catalysts ER mechanisms are most important and how they impact the turnover frequency.
Ultimately, we make suggestions for the optimal catalysts and reaction conditions for the ammonia synthesis and the conversion of methane to ethane, ethylene and acetylene.
Chemotherapy-Induced Upregulation of Small Extracellular Vesicle-Associated PTX3 Accelerates Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Wills Carson A. , Liu Xiaoming , Chen Longgui , Zhao Yuanjun , Dower Christopher M. , Sundstrom Jeffrey , Wang Hong-Gang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard component of breast cancer treatment, recent evidence suggests that chemotherapeutic drugs can promote metastasis through poorly defined mechanisms. Here we utilize xenograft mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer to explore the importance of chemotherapy-induced tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) in metastasis. Doxorubicin (DXR) enhanced tumor cell sEV secretion to accelerate pulmonary metastasis by priming the premetastatic niche. Proteomic analysis and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing identified the inflammatory glycoprotein PTX3 enriched in DXR-elicited sEV as a critical regulator of chemotherapy-induced metastasis. Both genetic inhibition of sEV secretion from primary tumors and pharmacologic inhibition of sEV uptake in secondary organs suppressed metastasis following chemotherapy. Taken together, this research uncovers a mechanism of chemotherapy-mediated metastasis by which drug-induced upregulation of sEV secretion and PTX3 protein cargo primes the premetastatic niche and suggests that inhibition of either sEV uptake in secondary organs or secretion from primary tumor cells may be promising therapeutic strategies to suppress metastasis.Significance:These findings show that chemotherapy-induced small extracellular vesicles accelerate breast cancer metastasis, and targeted inhibition of tumor-derived vesicles may be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment.
Endocytosis-Mediated Replenishment of Amino Acids Favors Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival in Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Yi , Rabien Anja , Buschow René , Amtislavskiy Vyacheslav , Busch Jonas , Kilic Ergin , Villegas Sonia L. , Timmermann Bernd , Schütte Moritz , Mielke Thorsten , Yaspo Marie-Laure , Jung Klaus , Meierhofer David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) accounts for approximately 5% of all renal cancers and around 30% of chRCC cases have mutations in TP53. chRCC is poorly supported by microvessels and has markably lower glucose uptake than clear cell RCC and papillary RCC. Currently, the metabolic status and mechanisms by which this tumor adapts to nutrient-poor microenvironments remain to be investigated. In this study, we performed proteome and metabolome profiling of chRCC tumors and adjacent kidney tissues and identified major metabolic alterations in chRCC tumors, including the classical Warburg effect, the downregulation of gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism, and the upregulation of protein degradation and endocytosis. chRCC cells depended on extracellular macromolecules as an amino acid source by activating endocytosis to sustain cell proliferation and survival. Inhibition of the phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2)/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+/protein kinase C (PKC) pathway significantly impaired the activation of endocytosis for amino acid uptakes into chRCC cells. In chRCC, whole-exome sequencing revealed that TP53 mutations were not related to expression of PLCG2 and activation of endocytosis. Our study provides novel perspectives on metabolic rewiring in chRCC and identifies the PLCG2/IP3/Ca2+/PKC axis as a potential therapeutic target in patients with chRCC.

Significance:
This study reveals macropinocytosis as an important process utilized by chRCC to gain extracellular nutrients in a p53-independent manner.
Ostranenie: to give back the sensation of life
Authors: Berlina Alexandra 
Published: October 2020

The present article studies Shklovsky’s idea of emotional and cognitive renewal of the habitual – ostranenie – alongside cognate concepts in psychology and cognitive studies. It redefines ostranenie not as a device (as commonly accepted in literary studies), but as a cognitive/psychological effect, and suggests the term “extratextual ostranenie” to refer to the feeling one has when the usual becomes seemingly strange – and at the same time more rather than less emotionally relevant. As for literary ostranenie, even when it is created though characters who feel alienated or depersonalized, the readers’ experience is exactly the opposite experience – emotional reconnection to the world.
The Purpose of the Balustrade in the Herodian Temple
Authors: Orian Matan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Within the Herodian temenos in Jerusalem, a warning inscription prohibited non-Jews, under penalty of death, from proceeding any further inward. This was mounted on a low stone balustrade that encircled an area larger than the actual holy ground. As suggested in research, the underlying pentateuchal law for the inscription was הזר הקרב יומת, “the unauthorized encroacher shall be put to death.” The subjection of gentiles to this law, in particular, and its application even when they had not, de facto, trespassed on holy ground remain, however, unexplained. The article suggests that the inscription applied הזר הקרב יומת to a זר, in the sense of “a foreigner,” who merely קרב, “draws near” to sacred ground. A further suggestion is that this reading and implementation of the biblical law reflects a preemptive endeavor to blunt Jewish objection to a major cultic innovation by Herod: granting gentiles access to the Jerusalem temenos.
Abduction and the Scientific Realist Case for Properties
Authors: Tugby Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, many arguments for realism about properties (universals or tropes) rely on a priori claims. The author argues that if we make use of an abductive principle that is commonly employed by scientific realists, a new argument for property realism can be formulated which is based firmly in scientific practice. The abductive principle says that we should believe in the existence of certain theoretical entities if they figure in the best explanation for what scientists observe. The scientific argument for property realism then says (roughly) that the best explanation for various behavioural patterns that physical scientists observe is that microscopic entities (such as electrons) instantiate stable, causally efficacious properties. After presenting the argument, the author defends it against possible objections. More generally, the article provides a case study for how science and metaphysics can work together to generate ontological claims.
Fixing Meanings in Global Governance?
Authors: Karp David Jason 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article uses snapshots, rather than the ongoing flows of diffusion/contestation typically emphasized by constructivists, to explore the exercise of power through normative change. Its case is a high-profile Human Rights Council initiative: the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP s). These UNGP s have successfully presented meanings as fixed while actually stretching those meanings’ boundaries. They reconceptualize what it means to “respect” and “protect” human rights. This is surprising given that the principles were framed as a conservative exercise at clarification, and under-noticed due to the legal rather than conceptual focus of the existing critical literature. To respect human rights, according to the UNGP s, agents need to take costly positive action. Furthermore, protect obligations come before respect. These are significant innovations. On the other hand, two missed opportunities of the UNGP s are their thin harm-based foundation for respect obligations, and their state centrism about who has duties to protect.
Plague, Practice, and Prescriptive Text
Authors: Chechik Moshe Dovid , Morsel-Eisenberg Tamara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article studies the fate of a contradiction between practice and prescriptive text in 16th-century Ashkenaz. The practice was fleeing a plagued city, which contradicted a Talmudic passage requiring self-isolation at home when plague strikes. The emergence of this contradiction as a halakhic problem and its various forms of resolution are analyzed as a case study for the development of halakhic literature in early modern Ashkenaz.
The Talmudic text was not considered a challenge to the accepted practice prior to the early modern period. The conflict between practice and Talmud gradually emerged as a halakhic problem in 15th-century rabbinic sources. These sources mixed legal and non-legal material, leaving the status of this contradiction ambiguous. The 16th century saw a variety of solutions to the problem in different halakhic writings, each with their own dynamics, type of authority, possibilities, and limitations. This variety reflects the crystallization of separate genres of halakhic literature.
Development and Interpretation of a Neural-Network-Based Synthetic Radar Reflectivity Estimator Using GOES-R Satellite Observations
Authors: Hilburn Kyle A. , Ebert-Uphoff Imme , Miller Steven D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe objective of this research is to develop techniques for assimilating GOES-R series observations in precipitating scenes for the purpose of improving short-term convective-scale forecasts of high-impact weather hazards. Whereas one approach is radiance assimilation, the information content of GOES-R radiances from its Advanced Baseline Imager saturates in precipitating scenes, and radiance assimilation does not make use of lightning observations from the GOES Lightning Mapper. Here, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is developed to transform GOES-R radiances and lightning into synthetic radar reflectivity fields to make use of existing radar assimilation techniques. We find that the ability of CNNs to utilize spatial context is essential for this application and offers breakthrough improvement in skill compared to traditional pixel-by-pixel based approaches. To understand the improved performance, we use a novel analysis method that combines several techniques, each providing different insights into the network’s reasoning. Channel-withholding experiments and spatial information–withholding experiments are used to show that the CNN achieves skill at high reflectivity values from the information content in radiance gradients and the presence of lightning. The attribution method, layerwise relevance propagation, demonstrates that the CNN uses radiance and lightning information synergistically, where lightning helps the CNN focus on which neighboring locations are most important. Synthetic inputs are used to quantify the sensitivity to radiance gradients, showing that sharper gradients produce a stronger response in predicted reflectivity. Lightning observations are found to be uniquely valuable for their ability to pinpoint locations of strong radar echoes.
Variability in QBO Temperature Anomalies on Annual and Decadal Time Scales
Authors: Martin Zane , Sobel Adam , Butler Amy , Wang Shuguang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) induces temperature anomalies in the lower stratosphere and tropical tropopause layer (TTL) that are cold when lower-stratospheric winds are easterly and warm when winds are westerly. Recent literature has indicated that these QBO temperature anomalies are potentially important in influencing the tropical troposphere, and particularly in explaining the relationship between the QBO and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). The authors examine the variability of QBO temperature anomalies across several time scales using reanalysis and observational datasets. The authors find that, in boreal winter relative to other seasons, QBO temperature anomalies are significantly stronger (i.e., colder in the easterly phase of the QBO and warmer in the westerly phase of the QBO) on the equator, but weaker off the equator. The equatorial and subtropical changes compensate such that meridional temperature gradients and thus (by thermal wind balance) equatorial zonal wind anomalies do not vary in amplitude as the temperature anomalies do. The same pattern of stronger on-equatorial and weaker off-equatorial QBO temperature anomalies is found on decadal time scales: stronger anomalies are seen for 1999–2019 compared to 1979–99. The causes of these changes to QBO temperature anomalies, as well as their possible relevance to the MJO–QBO relationship, are not known.
Traveling for Pancreatic Cancer Care Is Worth the Trip
Authors: Alvarez Marcus A. , Anderson Kiyah , Deneve Jeremiah L. , Dickson Paxton V. , Yakoub Danny , Fleming Martin D. , Chinthala Lokesh K. , Zareie Parya , Davis Robert L. , Shibata David , Glazer Evan S. 
Published: October 2020

Background Centralized care for patients with pancreatic cancer is associated with longer survival. We hypothesized that increased travel distance from home is associated with increased survival for pancreatic cancer patients. Methods The National Cancer Database user file for all pancreatic cancer patients was investigated from 2004 through 2015. Distance from the patients’ zip code to the treating facility was determined. Survival was investigated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox hazard ratios (CoxHRs) were determined based on stage of disease, distance traveled for care, and clinical factors. Results 340 780 patients were identified. In the average age of 68 ± 12 years, 51% were male and 83% were Caucasian. For all stages of cancer, longer survival was associated with traveling farther ( P < .001). The survival advantage was longer for Caucasians than African Americans (3.7 months vs. 2.6 months, P < .001) Travel was associated with a 13% decrease in risk of death ( P < .001). Even controlling for the pathologic stage, traveling farther was associated with decreased risk of death (CoxHR = .91, P < .001). Discussion Traveling for care is associated with improved survival for pancreatic cancer patients. While a selection bias may exist, the fact that all stages of patients investigated benefited suggests that this is a real phenomenon.
Financial Crisis, Globalisation and Development in Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Nnanna Joseph 
Published: October 2020

This study unites two streams of research by simultaneously focusing on the impact of financial globalisation on financial development and pre- and post-crisis dynamics of the investigated relationship. The empirical evidence is based on 53 African countries for the period 2004–2011 and Generalised Method of Moments. The following findings are established. First, whereas marginal effects from financial globalisation are positive on financial dynamics of activity and size, corresponding net effects (positive thresholds) are negative (within range). Second, while decreasing financial globalisation returns are apparent for financial dynamics of depth and efficiency, corresponding net effects (negative thresholds) are positive (not within range). Third, financial development dynamics are more weakly stationary and strongly convergent in the pre-crisis period. Fourth, the net effect from the: pre-crisis period is lower on money supply and banking system efficiency; post-crisis period is positive on financial system efficiency and pre-crisis period is positive on financial size. JEL Codes: F02, F21, F30, F40, O10
Prevalence of Mental Disorders by Socioeconomic Status in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study
Authors: Hashmi Rubayyat , Alam Khorshed , Gow Jeff , March Sonja 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To present the prevalence of 3 broad categories of mental disorder (anxiety-related, affective and other disorders) by socioeconomic status and examine the associated socioeconomic risk factors of mental disorders in Australia. Design: A population-based, cross-sectional national health survey on mental health and its risk factors across Australia. Setting: National Health Survey (NHS), 2017-2018 conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Participants: Under aged: 4,945 persons, Adult: 16,370 persons and total: 21,315 persons Measures: Patient-reported mental disorder outcomes Analysis: Weighted prevalence rates by socioeconomic status (equivalised household income, education qualifications, Socio-Economic Index for Areas (SEIFA) scores, labor force status and industry sector where the adult respondent had their main job) were estimated using cross-tabulation. Logistic regression utilizing subsamples of underage and adult age groups were analyzed to test the association between socioeconomic status and mental disorders. Results: Anxiety-related disorders were the most common type of disorders with a weighted prevalence rate of 20.04% (95% CI: 18.49-21.69) for the poorest, 13.85% (95% CI: 12.48-15.35) for the richest and 16.34% (95% CI: 15.7-17) overall. The weighted prevalence rate for mood/affective disorders were 20.19% (95% CI: 18.63-21.84) for the poorest, 9.96% (95% CI: 8.79-11.27) for the richest, and 13.57% (95% CI: 12.99-14.17) overall. Other mental disorders prevalence were for the poorest: 9.07% (95% CI: 7.91-10.39), the richest: 3.83% (95% CI: 3.14-4.66), and overall: 5.93% (95% CI: 5.53-6.36). These patterns are also reflected if all mental disorders were aggregated with the poorest: 30.97% (95% CI: 29.15-32.86), the richest: 19.59% (95% CI: 18.02-21.26), and overall: 23.93% (95% CI: 23.19-24.69). The underage logistic regression model showed significant lower odds for the middle (AOR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.53 -1.04, p < 0.1), rich (AOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.5-0.99, p < 0.05) and richest (AOR: 0.6, 95% CI: 0.41-0.89, p < 0.01) income groups. Similarly, in the adult logistic model, there were significant lower odds for middle (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.98, p < 0.05), rich (AOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62-0.86, p < 0.01) and richest (AOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.91, p < 0.01) income groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of mental disorders in Australia varied significantly across socioeconomic groups. Knowledge of different mental health needs in different socioeconomic groups can assist in framing evidence-based health promotion and improve the targeting of health resource allocation strategies.
Factors Influencing Provider and Patient Choice of P2Y12 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Benitez Rebekah M. , Lusk Kathleen A. , Ahmed S. Hinan , Hartzell Stephanie A. , Kalich Bethany A. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Clopidogrel is the most commonly prescribed P2Y12 inhibitor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or stent placement, though ticagrelor or prasugrel may be preferred. Medication-related factors may influence selection of therapy. Objectives: To determine which factors most greatly influence cardiology-provider and patient selection of P2Y12 inhibitor to guide shared-decision making (SDM). Methods: Single-center study assessed survey responses from 32 cardiology-providers who prescribed and 105 patients who received clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor for ACS or stent placement. Respondents ranked factors influencing P2Y12 inhibitor selection and reported preference of therapy. Patients reported experience with shared decision-making process. Results: Cardiology-providers ranked risk of bleeding, comfort/experience, and cost as most influential. Patients ranked risk of drug interaction, adverse effects, and reduction in myocardial infarction as most influential. Significant differences between cardiology-providers and patients were found for 5 of 8 factors. Cardiology-providers ranked once daily administration (p = 0.01), risk of bleeding (p = 0.002), and cost (p < 0.001) as more important than patients. Patients ranked risk of adverse effects (p = 0.007) and drug interactions (p = 0.005) as more important than cardiology-providers. Cardiology-providers prescribed ticagrelor 42.3% of the time following ACS, though 78.1% ranked it as their preferred agent. Patients were prescribed ticagrelor 9.3% of the time, though 55.7% ranked it as their preferred agent. Use of SDM was reported by 21.6% of patients and 88.5% were unaware that multiple P2Y12 inhibitors existed. Conclusion: Significant differences exist between cardiology-providers and patients regarding factors influencing P2Y12 inhibitor selection, specifically safety-related factors, once daily administration, and cost. Most patients were not involved in SDM.