bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability forecasting model for power transformers that have fulfilled their standard service life
Authors: Lukovenko A S , Kukartsev V V , Tynchenko V S , Bashmur K A , Kukartseva O I , Bondarev A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Today, the urgent tasks of the heat and power industry of the Russian Federation, as many other countries, are the problem of exceeding the service life of high-voltage electrical equipment of transformer and traction substations. This state of affairs leads to adverse consequences in the electric power system, which directly reduces the reliability of power supply to consumers, as well as to increase operating costs and technical losses of electric energy. Under the maximum load of transformers that have fulfilled the standard service life, constant monitoring is required to develop recommendations on the operation and operation modes of power transformers. The article considers the issue of calculating the reliability of power oil transformers. According to the collected statistical information, the most damaged parts of power transformers are identified. The main indicators that characterize the level and condition of the power transformer windings are shown. Using quantifiers of the distribution of the Chi-square, the upper and lower limits of the time between failure of the windings of power transformers for different periods of operation are determined, confidence limits with probability α = 0.9, 0.95, 0.99 are determined. According to the obtained data, the distribution of the Chi-square received a failure flow of the main element - the windings of power transformers with different periods of operation. There is a linear dependence of the decrease in reliability of the power transformers depending on the period of operation.
Correction factors application to Krasnoyarsk city real estate in the lack of information conditions
Authors: Panfilov I A , Alekseeva Y A , Panfilova T A , Karelin O I , Kustov D V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Assessment activity needs to be by unified methodology. In this paper, we have described several tools that can improve the validity of the assessment. The paired sales method was used. The research was conducted under lack of information. Data was selected for the research of real estate in Krasnoyarsk at the end of 2018 and beginning of 2019. In this study, real estate categories such as «Residential Real Estate», «Commercial Real Estate» and «Land» were used. The most significant properties of real estate objects were selected. The number of real estate objects in each database exceeds 2000 objects. The correction coefficient for the effect of the location was used for assessing real estate. This coefficient was introduced in order to adjust the value of real estate for 7 districts of Krasnoyarsk.
Analysis of the current situation and development trend of the international cargo UAVs market
Authors: Kovalev I V , Voroshilova A A , Karaseva M V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents analysis of the current situation and development trends of the international UAVs cargo market. It is shown that the UAVs market has made a transition from a stage of studying technologies to commercial operation and implementation of finished products. Nowadays it is at the stage of rapid growth. However, a global market for cargo UAVs and commercial services on their basis for transporting bulky goods is still at the early stage of commercial development. At the same time, the trend for the development of cargo UAVs with the large carrying capacity corresponds to the analysis results of the global air cargo market.
Micro Alkaline Fuel Cell supported by MEMS-based Backbone
Authors: Pilaski M , Sun S-H , Dura G , Wartmann J , Letzkus F , Heinzel A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work presents the application of nitride membranes produced with Si-MEMS-technology as a platform to build up new membrane-electrode assemblies (MEA) for alkaline fuel cells. Active alkaline fuel cell MEAs were combined by integrating hydroxide permeable electrolyte into micro-channels of 1 μm diameter in 5 to 10 μm thick MEMS-based membranes. A platinum catalyst was sprayed onto the surface and an electric conductive layer was applied on top. Taking advance of the small form factor these fuel cells can be applied in small devices with low energy demand.
Miniature Fuel cell with Monolithically Fabricated Si Electrode -First prototype with Au-Pd-Pt multilayer catalyst-
Authors: Kurose T. , Shirai R. , Vasiljevic N. , Hayase M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Our first fuel cell prototype with a novel Au-Pd-Pt catalyst successfully demonstrated power generation. In order to reduce amount of platinum group metals and obtain high CO tolerance, electrochemical atomic layer depositions of Pd and Pt were applied on the porous Au. 5 ML Pd and sub-ML Pt deposition was attempted and amounts of Pd and Pt were electrochemically estimated to be 125 μg/cm2 and 6 μg/cm2, respectively. No catalyst poisoning to 100 ppm CO was observed during the power generation. Though the peak power was poor around 100 mW/cm2, results were satisfying for the first prototype.
Toward self-powered nonlinear wideband vibration energy harvesting with high-energy response stabilization
Authors: Ushiki S , Masuda A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper describes an effort to develop a nonlinear wideband vibration energy harvester with self-powered stabilization control of its high-energy response. In a Duffing-type nonlinear wideband energy harvester, a well-recognized difficulty of coexisting attractors arises so that the emergence of the response in the high-energy branch is not guaranteed because it depends on the initial conditions to which steady-state solutions the state is attracted. The response stabilization control technique introduces a negative resistance which returns the harvested power to the nonlinear resonator to destabilize the undesirable low-energy solution and make the high-energy solution globally stable. In this paper, the power balance of the response stabilization control under intermittent disturbances is first experimentally studied, and a charging circuit to self-power the negative impedance converter (NIC) in the control circuit is then developed. It is concluded that the energy consumed by the NIC can be retrieved by the energy harvesting in 100 seconds even in the worst case.
Dual-stage Electrode Design of Rotational Electret Energy Harvester for Efficient Self-powered SSHI
Authors: Liu Yiran , Badel Adrien , Suzuki Yuji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a dual-stage electrode design for electret-based rotational energy harvester (EH) to improve efficiency of synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) technique. With the aid of the present parallel SSHI circuit, output power of the rotational electret EH developed in our group becomes 4.2 times higher if compared with the conventional full-bridge rectifier.
Wide-band multiferroic quartz MEMS antennae
Authors: Kubena R L , Pang X , Lee K G , Yong Y K , Wall W S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We describe a pair of quartz MEMS resonators integrated into a single vacuum package for use as a wide-band RF receiver. The resonators are connected to integrated sustaining circuits for oscillator operation and are used within a phase lock loop in which one oscillator is used as the reference. The other resonator is coated with a magnetostrictive layer which induces a frequency shift proportional to an applied external magnetic field. This frequency shift is detected by the phase lock loop and its feedback signal to a voltage controlled oscillator circuit is used as the antenna output. Thus, the bandwidth of the antenna is determined by the bandwidth of the phase lock loop and not the Q of the resonator.
Stochastic Model of Human Arm Swing Toward Standard Testing for Rotational Energy Harvester
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Miyoshi Tomoya , Suzuki Yuji 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A stochastic model of arm swing is proposed for standard test of rotational energy harvester (EH). Based on the mean values and standard deviation of the frequency and amplitude of arm swing from walking experiment, the output power of rotational electret EH for 95 % coverage is estimated for different parameters of the frequency and amplitude. A multi-link robot is also introduced to mimic the arm swing motion precisely under various conditions. It is found that the output power for the maximum frequency and amplitude is 2.5 times higher than that for the mean values, and the present stochastic model gives 22% higher output power than that with mean values.
Hybridized thermal energy harvesting mechanism
Authors: Kang Miwon , Yeatman Eric M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This work demonstrates a moving beam thermal energy harvesting mechanism for use adjacent to a heat source with modest temperature variation at low frequency (below 0.1 Hz). We investigate the coupling between the piezo- and pyro-electric effects to improve output power. The phase relationship between two effects was studied under different beam end conditions, i.e. fixed-free and fixed-fixed. A model to estimate the output is given and experimentally validated. Experimental result at 0.05 Hz shows that the output voltage in the fixed-fixed configuration is about 53% higher than the fixed-free configuration.
An Autonomous Interface Circuit Based on Self-Investing Synchronous Energy Extraction for Low Power Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters
Authors: Çiftci B , Chamanian S , Uluşan H , Külah H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a self-powered interface circuit to rectify and manage the AC output of the piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) by utilizing Self-Investing Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction technique (SI-SECE). The system invests charges from the battery to PEH to improve the electromechanical coupling factor and consequently the energy extraction by utilizing only one external component. The circuit was implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology where high voltage (HV) MOS transistors are utilized to tolerate high open circuit output voltages of PEHs. MEMS PEH with 4.7 nF inherent capacitance has been used to charge a 1 μF storage capacitor. Proposed interface circuit extracts 18.55 μW that is 33 % more than traditional SECE (13.95 μW) for 250 Hz PEH excitation frequency and 2.3 V piezoelectric open circuit voltage amplitude. At the output power of 48.5 μW, maximum power conversion efficiency of 62.4% is achieved as charge investment and corresponding conduction and switching losses on investing transistors. SI-SECE delivers power with 4.5x relative performance improvement over on-chip full-bridge rectifier.
Energy Harvesting Piezoelectric Wind Speed Sensor
Authors: Shi Mayue , Yeatman Eric M. , Holmes Andrew S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a miniature wind speed sensor consisting of a triangle-shaped bluff body attached to the free end of a cantilever incorporating a commercial PVDF piezoelectric film. In the wind, the bluff body causes regular vibration of the cantilever based on galloping, and the piezoelectric film converts the vibration energy into electrical energy. The vibration frequency of this device has an approximately linear dependence on wind speed, and so can be used to detect wind speed directly with high accuracy. In wind tunnel tests, a wind speed sensor based on this principle could detect the wind speed from 4.45 to 10 m/s, and measured speed was typically within 2% of the value obtained using a Pitot tube.
Event Driven Time-logging System based on Continuous Operation of Real Time Clock towards Perpetual Electronics
Authors: Yamada S. , Toshiyoshi H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a novel time logging system using a real time clock (RTC) powered by a vibrational energy harvester to record the time of events when piezoelectric PVDF film as an event-driven sensor is activated. The power-management circuit normally remains in the sleep mode to cut power supply to the micro-processor and the ferroelectric random access memory. On the other hand, the RTC alone is powered by a battery to keep the time by seamless operation, which lowers the standby power consumption as small as 231 nW. As the PVDF film generates power, the developed power management circuit can supply load current upwards of 8 mA at 3.3 Vdc for external circuit to record the time of events with the energy consumption of 467 µJ.
A diatom inspired near infrared metamaterial absorber with hierarchical nanodisk arrays
Authors: Li A , Zhao X , Anderson S , Zhang X 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electromagnetic metamaterial absorbers represent an active research area in metamaterials, which use subwavelength resonators to achieve engineered electromagnetic absorption. To achieve near infrared (NIR) absorption, the requisite size of the resonator unit cells is in the nanometer range. Inspired by diatoms, a type of remarkably diverse, photosynthetic algae that live ubiquitously in aquatic systems, we analyzed the performance of a hierarchical nanodisk resonator array structure separated by silicon nitride (SiNx) from a ground plane as a NIR absorber. In both simulations and experimental results, the absorber demonstrated absorption characteristics in the NIR range. The proposed structures have the potential to be used in IR sensor and thermal emitter applications.
Anode based on alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme and Titanium dioxide nanotubes for photocatalytic microfluidic device.
Authors: Galindo-de-la-Rosa J. , Gonzalez-Solano G. , Díaz-Real J.A. , Ledesma-García J. , Arriaga L.G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) has been used for the development of bioanodes for the ethanol oxidation reaction. In this work, the immobilization of this enzyme was carried out using titanium dioxide nanotubes for the development of photoelectrodes for an air-breathing microfluidic device. TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) have excellent properties such as pH resistance, superior mechanical strength, good biocompatibility making them great candidates for the process of immobilization of ADH. TNT were fabricated by electrochemical anodic oxidation on Ti foils. Then enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized and the electrode was evaluated in the microfluidic fuel cell using an inorganic cathode based on commercial Pt / C, obtaining a good performance when was exposed under ultraviolet light.
Electrical modelling and characterization of a Thermo-Magnetically Activated Piezoelectric Generator (TMAPG)
Authors: Rendon-Hernandez Adrian A. , Ferrari Marco , Basrour Skandar , Ferrari Vittorio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article deals with modeling and characterization of a thermo-magnetically activated piezoelectric generator, we provide breakthrough in addressing the modeling issue of such power generators by reporting equivalent electrical circuit and its characterization. The circuit is based on the standard Butterworth van Dyke model. It includes mechanical, dielectric, and piezoelectric losses by using complex elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric constants that are obtained through fitting measured admittance of piezoelectric transducer. The model is developed of lumped circuits elements and it is valid under both parallel and series wired bimorph connection. Experimental and simulation results show good agreement, within 10.2% (for maximum output voltage), on the generator behavior for both the rectifier circuits implemented.
High-rate etching of single oriented AlN films by chlorine-based inductive coupled plasma for vibrational energy harvesters
Authors: Nguyen H. H. , Van Minh L. , Kuwano H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents our development of a high-rate etching process for fully (0002)-oriented AlN films by using a chlorine-based inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Ni thin films as hard masks. The influences of etching characteristics (etching rate, selectivity) on various parameters (etching power, pressure and gases mixture) were systematically investigated. We achieved etching rate of 723 nm/min, the highest value that has been developed for single-oriented AlN. Etching selectivity was optimized and reached ~ 11, in this report. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements (XPS) offered a deep understanding of the etching processes and revealed the etching mechanism of AlN by chlorine for the first time.
Using Galistan to fabricate porous gold electrodes: toward non-enzymatic glucose fuel cells with enhanced performance for driving wearable/bioelectronic devices
Authors: Desmaële D , La Malfa F , Rizzi F , Qualtieri A , Di Lorenzo M , De Vittorio M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new facile route for the fabrication of enzyme-free porous gold electrodes (PGEs) which can directly convert the chemical energy of glucose into electricity. The method is low-cost and does not require any special equipment: porous gold is simply grown on carbon paper containing liquid metal particles. As a first proof-of-concept, we report on the fabrication of circular PGEs having a diameter of 12.5 mm. When immersed in a 10 mM glucose solution, such PGEs can produce up to 25 µW (maximum power density 10 µW·cm
−2
at 45 µA·cm
−2
). Because the process presented is versatile and scalable, we envision PGEs with long-term stability that could be stacked to meet the power budget of various wearable/bioelectronic devices.
NEMS Electrostatic RF Wakeup Switch with Pt FIB Contact
Authors: Ruyack A , Pancoast L , Shalabi N , Molnar A , Lal A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recent pushes to reduce wireless sensor node power consumption have targeted sensors detecting the signal of interest, e.g. acoustic, acceleration, rotation, and use the energy in the signal to trigger switches. Regardless of the sensing modality however, all wireless sensors include some form of data communication radio, which in many cases is constantly consuming power. We take inspiration from a very low sub-threshold current and low switching-energy NEMS switch to implement a near zero-power laterally actuated NEMS electrostatic RF wake-up switch to reduce passive power draw by the RF electronics [1]. The switch is operated by holding a mechanical contact gap just outside of thermal fluctuations and an RF signal acts to physically close the switch. Focused ion beam is utilized to achieve sub-100 nm platinum contact gaps, allowing for below 3V operation and improved reliability. Preliminary results are presented from a custom vacuum probe station utilizing a switch position control loop for the contact-based switch operating off resonance.
Integration and Characterisation of Piezoelectric Macro-Fibre Composite on Carbon Fibre Composite for Vibration Energy Harvesting
Authors: Shi Y. , Piao C. , El Fadlaoui D. , Al-Saadi A. , Jia Y. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Carbon fibre composite is a strong and a lightweight structural material with applications in automotive, aerospace, medical and industrial applications. The integration of piezoelectric transducer films onto the composite stack can add vibration energy harvesting capabilities to enable net-zero-power autonomous sensing for an otherwise purely mechanical structure. A PZT macro-fibre composite is co-cured with a carbon/epoxy pre-preg in order to manufacture the multi-functional composite plate. Without noticeably increasing profile, adding weight or compromising mechanical integrity, the resultant mechanical plate can recover power from vibrational excitations. With a volume of 13.5 cm3, a peak average power of 9.25 mW was recorded at 2.66 ms
−2
. The normalised power density of 97 µW cm
−3
m
−2
s4 is comparable to some of the state-of-the-art PZT generators reported in the literature.
Reactive ion beam etching of piezoelectric ScAlN for bulk acoustic wave device applications
Authors: James R , Pilloux Y , Hegde H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Etching piezoelectric Scandium Aluminum Nitride (ScAlN) films containing a high concentration of Scandium with controllable feature profile angle and smooth surface is needed for next-generation Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) RF filter applications. This paper reports the facile etching of ScAlN with Scandium concentration of up to 15% using Reactive Ion Beam Etching (RIBE) with a very smooth surface of less than 5 nm average roughness and profile angle between 60 to 80 degrees. Recent studies show that doping AlN with a high concentration of Sc increases the piezoelectric response by five times and the bandwidth of RF filters also improved. However, etching ScAlN with a high concentration of Sc using traditional RIE and ICP based methods are extremely difficult and often results in low etch rate and rough surface. We have developed RIBE processes using a mixture of Reactive Gas and Ar with highly controllable profile angle from 60 to 80 degrees, improved etch rate (~ 36nm/min) and selectivity to photoresist mask (0.7:1), in comparison to conventional IBE. This work has positive implications in fabricating ScAlN based BAW RF filters for next-generation mobile and wireless applications.
Stability of Symmetrical Comb-Drive Actuator
Authors: Galisultanov A , Pillonnet G , Perrin Y , Hutin L , Basset P , Fanet H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the study, design, and simulation of a symmetrical comb-drive actuator. The approach for definition of the potential energy of the system is proposed. The electrical parameters of the comb-drive actuator are defined in COMSOL Multiphysics® software. Depending on an actuation voltage and an initial design it can form system with one, two, and three stable states. We show that the equilibrium at x = 0 is more stable for the comb-drive actuator with positive overlap than for device with the gap of the same value. The proposed approach will be used for design of the symmetrical actuator, which forms the output of the recently proposed contactless four-terminal MEMS element for capacitive adiabatic logic based on silicon MEMS technology.
A Resonance-Maintaining Circuit for High-Efficiency Electret-based MEMS Vibrational Energy Harvesters
Authors: Mitsuya H. , Ashizawa H. , Morita M. , Homma H. , Hashiguchi G. , Toshiyoshi H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We have developed a high-efficiency MEMS vibrational energy harvester with a resonance-maintaining circuit. Of particular note, the circuit is capable of both (1) rectifying the output to compensate for the electret bias voltage in the harvester and (2) avoiding electromechanical feedback by maintaining a relatively stable apparent load and resonance state. These improvements to the control circuitry allow the energy harvester to achieve useable energy outputs of over 500µW with highly efficient energy conversion ratios (79%).
Microfluidic biofuel cell based on cholesterol oxidase/laccase enzymes.
Authors: Galindo-de-la-Rosa J. , Ortiz-Ortega E. , López-González B. , Arriaga L.G. , Ledesma-García J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this research two electrodes were developed, a bioanode where the enzyme oxidase was immobilized on Sigracet GDL 39 by means of the covalent binding method and a biocathode with laccase enzyme immobilized on Toray carbon paper by the adsorption method. The evaluation of these electrodes was carried out in a microfluidic fuel cell using cholesterol as fuel and oxygen as oxidant. The electrical conductivity of the electrodes was measured by the kelvin method. Microfluidic fuel cell (mFFC) was constructed using Poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for the fuel and oxidant channels; the cathode electrode was incorporated as a wall to obtain the major O2 quantity for the reduction reaction. The evaluation of the microfluidic cell was carried out using different solutions of cholesterol all in phosphate buffer solutions at pH 7.5, where it was possible to obtain 1.38 mW/cm2 of maximum power density and 0.75V of open circuit potential using 500mg/dL of cholesterol.