bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of treatment on the characterization of organic matter in wastewater: a review on size distribution and structural fractionation
Authors: Gursoy-Haksevenler B. Hande , Arslan-Alaton Idil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Since it is difficult to analyze the components of organic matter in complex effluent matrices individually, the use of more collective, but at the same time, specific wastewater characterization methods would be more appropriate to evaluate changes in effluent characteristics during wastewater treatment. For this purpose, size distribution and structural (resin) fractionation tools have recently been proposed to categorize wastewater. There are several case studies available in the scientific literature being devoted to the application of these fractionation methods. This paper aimed to review the most relevant studies dealing with the evaluation of changes in wastewater characteristics using size distribution and structural (resin) fractionation tools. According to these studies, sequential filtration-ultrafiltration procedures, as well as XAD resins, are frequently employed for size and structural fractionations, respectively. This review focuses on the most relevant publications including biological treatment processes, as well as chemical treatment methods such as coagulation-flocculation, electrocoagulation, the Fenton's reagent and ozonation. This study aims at providing an insight into the possible treatment mechanisms and details the understanding what structural features of wastewater components enabled or prevented efficient treatment (removal) or targeted pollutants.
Newly established process combining partial hydrogenotrophic denitrification and anammox for nitrogen removal
Authors: Shinoda Kenta , Eamrat Rawintra , Tsutsumi Yuya , Rujakom Suphatchai , Singhopon Tippawan , Kamei Tatsuru , Kazama Futaba 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process holds great promise for treating nitrogen-contaminated water; stable nitrite-nitrogen (-N) production is significant to anammox performance. In this study, partial hydrogenotrophic denitrification (PHD) was used to stably and efficiently produce -N from nitrate-nitrogen (-N). An investigation of the effects of initial pH on the PHD process revealed that a high -N production efficiency (77.9%) could be ensured by setting an initial pH of 10.5. A combined PHD-anammox process was run for more than three months with maximal ammonium-nitrogen (-N), -N, and total dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies of 93.4, 98.0, and 86.9%, respectively. The -N to -N and -N to -N ratios indicated that various bioprocesses were involved in nitrogen removal during the anammox stage, and a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was performed to further clarify the composition of microbial communities and mechanisms involved in the nitrogen removal process.
Melatonin Protects HT22 Hippocampal Cells from H2O2-induced Injury by Increasing Beclin1 and Atg Protein Levels to Activate Autophagy
Authors: Gao Qiang , Guo Xiaocheng , Cao Yang , Jia Xiaotong , Xu Shanshan , Lu Chunmei , Zhu Hui 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The aging of hippocampal neurons leads to a substantial decline in memory formation,
storage and processing. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin has been confirmed, however, its protective
mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:
In this study, mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were used to investigate whether melatonin
protects the hippocampus from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury by regulating autophagy.

Methods:
Rapamycin (an activator of autophagy) and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an inhibitor of autophagy) were
used to induce or inhibit autophagy, respectively. HT22 cells were treated with 200 μM H2O2 in the presence or
absence of 50 μM melatonin. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), β-galactosidase and Hoechst staining were used to
measure the viability, aging and apoptosis of cells, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the
levels of autophagy-related proteins.

Results:
The activation of autophagy by rapamycin alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, as evidenced by
morphological changes and decreased viability, while the inhibition of autophagy by 3MA exacerbated H2O2-
induced injury. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury was similar to that of rapamycin. Melatonin
also alleviated H2O2-induced aging and apoptosis. Melatonin activated autophagy in the presence or absence
of H2O2, as evidenced by an increased Lc3b 14/16 kd ratio and a decreased P62 level. In addition, H2O2 decreased
the levels of Beclin1 and Atg5/12/16, which were reversed by rapamycin or melatonin. The effects of melatonin
on H2O2-induced injury, autophagy and protein expressions were effectively reversed by 3MA.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, these results demonstrate that melatonin protects HT22 hippocampal neurons from
H2O2-induced injury by increasing the levels of the Beclin1 and Atg proteins to activate autophagy.
Efficacy and Cardiovascular Safety of DPP-4 Inhibitors
Authors: Subrahmanyan Nikhila A. , Koshy Rithika M. , Jacob Koshy , Pappachan Joseph M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract::
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or gliptins belong to the class of incretin
mimetics. These drugs have been available on the market for the management of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) for over a decade. Sitagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin and alogliptin
are widely available globally, whilst anagliptin, gemigliptin and teneliptin are used mainly in the
Asian countries. The glycemic control conferred by DPP-4 inhibitors varies among individual
molecules with an average reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ranging between –0.5 to
–1.0% with monotherapy. Additive effects on HbA1c reduction may result from combination therapy
with other antidiabetics. Weak evidence from various studies suggests that DPP-4 inhibitors
may be useful in treating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome
(PCOS). DPP-4 inhibitors safety is not established in pregnancy, and there is only meagre evidence
of its use in T2DM among children. In line with the United States Food and Drug Administration
(US FDA) recommendations, sitagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin and alogliptin have undergone rigorous
cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) in recent years, and the safety data for vildagliptin is
available through retrospective analysis of various studies in meta-analysis. Small clinical trial, and
meta-analysis based data are available for the CV safety of other DPP-4 inhibitors. In general, the
CVOTs and other safety data do not reveal serious warning signals except for saxagliptin (higher
risk of hospitalization from heart failure [hHF]), although there is no robust data on the risk of hHF
among patients with moderate to severe HF at baseline treated with other DPP-4 inhibitors. This review
critically appraises the efficacy and cardiovascular safety of DPP-4 inhibitors to empower
clinicians to use this class of antidiabetic medications judiciously.
Tofacitinib-induced Ramsay- Hunt Syndrome in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kobak Senol 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized
by joint and systemic involvement. Tofacitinib is a JAK- inhibitor that is an effective agent in the
treatment of active RA. Varicella zoster virus(VZV) reactivation is among the most important adverse
effects of tofacitinib. Ramsay-Hunt syndrome(RHS) is a rare clinical condition that develops
as a result of VZV reactivation and progresses with hearing loss, dizziness, and facial nerve paralysis.

Objective:
To present a case of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome due to varicella zoster reactivation in a RA
patient using tofacitinib.

Case Report:
A 63-year-old female RA patient under tofacitinib treatment was admitted to the rheumatology
outpatient clinic due to widespread skin rashes on her face and ear, and hearing loss. On
inspection widespread erythematous, vesicular rashes on the left side of the face, lips, around the
eye and in the ear, and mild facial paralysis on the left side were detected. On laboratory investigations,
acute phase reactants were increased. Serological study for specific antibodies against varicella
zoster virus showed higher titers. Dermatology and ear nose throat specialist consultations were
performed, and varicella zoster lesions on the left inner ear, face, and mild facial paresis were considered.
According to clinical and laboratory findings, the patient was diagnosed with RHS triggered
by tofacitinib. Tofacitinib and methotrexate were discontinued, and intravenous acyclovir
was started. On the control examination, the patient's skin lesions and facial nerve paralysis regressed.

Conclusion:
Herein, we reported the fırst case of tofacitinib-induced RHS in a patient with RA.
This may be another side effect of biologic treatment. New studies are needed on this subject.
DISKRIMINASI TERHADAP BEBERAPA PEREMPUAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF FEMINISME MULTIKUTURAL: KAJIAN TERHADAP NOVEL SCAPPA PER AMORE KARYA DINI FITRIA
Authors: Mustika Mustika 
Published: August 2020

Diva is the main character in novel Scappa per Amore which is written by Dini Fitria. In the story, Diva travels to European countries and meets other female characters who experience patriarchal and social discrimination. This research tries to describe the discrimination which is experienced by female characters by using multicultural feminism approach. The novel indicates that the female characters in the novel are not only marginalized due to their gender, but also their age, religion, race, and the legal status of the children. Multicultural feminism approach focuses on multicultural aspects that respect diversities. This research believes that discrimination toward women could be avoided,because women need to be treated equally.Diva, tokoh utama dalam novel Scappa per Amore karya Dini Fitria melakukan perjalanan ke berbagai Negara di Eropa. Dari petualangannya, ia bertemu dengan beberapa perempuan yang mendapatkan diskriminasi dari laki-laki maupun lingkungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat diskriminasi terhadap beberapa perempuan dalam novel tersebut dengan tinjauan feminismemultikultural. Melalui penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa beberapa perempuan dalam novel SPA didiskriminasi bukan hanya karena persoalan mereka adalah perempuan, tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor usia, agama, suku, dan status anak. Paham feminisme multikultural yang menekankan aspek multikultur, sangat menjunjung tinggi keberagaman. Semestinya tidak ada diskriminasi terhadap perempuan yang berusia berapapun, beragama apapun, bersuku apapun, dan berstatus apapun. Semuanya harus diperlakukan secara setara dan harus mendapatkan penghargaan yang sama.
Changes in Blood Pressure and Arterial Hemodynamics following Living Kidney Donation
Authors: Price Anna M. , Greenhall George H. B. , Moody William E. , Steeds Richard P. , Mark Patrick B. , Edwards Nicola C. , Hayer Manvir K. , Pickup Luke C. , Radhakrishnan Ashwin , Law Jonathan P. , Banerjee Debasish , Campbell Tunde , Tomson Charles R. V. , Cockcroft John R. , Shrestha Badri , Wilkinson Ian B. , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Ferro Charles J. , Townend Jonathan N. ,   on behalf of the EARNEST investigators
Published: August 2020

Background and objectives
The Effect of a Reduction in GFR after Nephrectomy on Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics (EARNEST) study was a multicenter, prospective, controlled study designed to investigate the associations of an isolated reduction in kidney function on BP and arterial hemodynamics.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Prospective living kidney donors and healthy controls who fulfilled criteria for donation were recruited from centers with expertise in vascular research. Participants underwent office and ambulatory BP measurement, assessment of arterial stiffness, and biochemical tests at baseline and 12 months.

Results
A total of 469 participants were recruited, and 306 (168 donors and 138 controls) were followed up at 12 months. In the donor group, mean eGFR was 27 ml/min per 1.73 m2 lower than baseline at 12 months. Compared with baseline, at 12 months the mean within-group difference in ambulatory day systolic BP in donors was 0.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −1.7 to 1.9) and 0.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −0.7 to 2.0) in controls. The between-group difference was −0.5 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −2.8 to 1.7; P=0.62). The mean within-group difference in pulse wave velocity in donors was 0.3 m/s (95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 0.4) and 0.2 m/s (95% confidence interval, −0.0 to 0.4) in controls. The between-group difference was 0.1 m/s (95% confidence interval, −0.2 to 0.3; P=0.49).

Conclusions
Changes in ambulatory peripheral BP and pulse wave velocity in kidney donors at 12 months after nephrectomy were small and not different from controls.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number

NCT01769924 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01769924).
Dampak Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) terhadap Existensi Perempuan antara Ruang Publik dan Domestik
Authors: HAYAT MUHAMMAD 
Published: August 2020

Dampak Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) terhadap Existensi Perempuan antara Ruang Publik dan DomestikMUHAMMAD HAYAT, MAJurusan Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jln. Raya Tlogomas no. 246, Malang 65144; *Email : hayato.hayat@gmail.comAbstract :Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) merupakan cara pemerintah untuk menggerakkan kemampuan masyarakat dalam melihat kemampuan diri sebagai sebuah komunitas yang mempunyai ”power”. Muara akhirnya adalah terciptanya kemandirian masyarakat yang menyadari bahwa diri mereka dan lingkungan sekitar mereka adalah ”tool yang sangat berharga” bagi terwujudnya masyarakat yang partisipatif. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Torongrejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu yang mencoba fokus pada existensi perempuan di ruang publik dan domestik manakala pemerintah menstimuli dengan dana bantuan dari Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM). Keywords :PNPM, Existensi, Ruang Publik, Ruang Domestik
Profil Pemberdayaan Perempuan pada Industri Kecil Ledre Pisang Raja (Studi Kasus di Kec. Padangan Kab. Bojonegoro)
Authors: Cantika Yuli Sri Budi 
Published: August 2020

Profil Pemberdayaan Perempuan pada Industri Kecil Ledre Pisang Raja (Studi Kasus di Kec. Padangan Kab. Bojonegoro)Sri Budi Cantika Yuli 1Jurusan Ilmu Ekonomi Studi Pembangunan Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jln. Raya Tlogomas no. 246, Malang 65144; *Email : cantika@umm.ac.idAbstract :Program pengolahan industri kecil Ledre Pisang Raja memang bisa meningkatkan pendapatan, tetapi sayangnya kegiatan tersebut dilakukan di rumah atau di lingkup domestik, dan orientasi usahanya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga. Karena untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga maka program pengolahan Ledre Pisang Raja tersebut sasarannya adalah para ibu rumah tangga. Ini berarti dalam program pengolahan Ledre Pisang Raja terdapat gejala bias gender. Karena di sini perempuan yang akhirnya harus mengolah, sehingga beban kerja perempuan menjadi ganda, yaitu sebagai ibu rumah tangga dan sebagai penambah penghasilan keluarga. Keywords :industri ledre pisang raja, pemberdayaan perempuan
Top Management Team Intrapersonal Functional Diversity and Tax Avoidance
Authors: Plečnik James M. , Wang Shan 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Top management team (TMT) members have been shown to influence tax avoidance; however, prior literature has not identified whether the intrapersonal diversity of TMT functional backgrounds leads to higher levels of tax avoidance. To study this relationship, we utilize TMT intrapersonal functional diversity, which captures the average heterogeneity of the TMT members' work experience. The skills associated with intrapersonal functional diversity may allow managers to better understand and communicate with various parties related to firm tax policies, thereby facilitating tax avoidance. Overall, we find that TMTs with higher levels of intrapersonal functional diversity achieve lower cash effective tax rates and that these TMTs do not rely on tax strategies that pose high risk.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Equal Employment Opportunity in Indonesia: Antecedent of Human Resources Management Practices and Service Performance of Government Employees in Tanjungpinang
Authors: Yudiatmaja Wayu Eko 
Published: August 2020

Recently, government employees encountered issues of service performance because of the rising citizen’s demand to get a better service quality. The concern of the researchers to relate employee service performance with equal employment opportunities and the practices of human resource management still limited. Using social exchange theory, recemt study aims to examine the relationship between equal employment opportunity and employee service performance in the public sector. This research also investigates the mediating role of human resource management practices between the equal employment opportunity and employee service performance. This study was conducted among public servants in Tanjungpinang. A total of 258 public servants responded to the survey. The data were analyzed using structured equation modeling. The findings showed a positive relationship between equal employment opportunity and service performance. Besides, this study also claimed that human resource management practices mediate the connection between equal employment opportunity and service performance. The research implications and future research area need further elaboration.
Keywords: Social Exchange Theory, Equal Employment Opportunity, Human Resource Management Practices, Service Performance.
Abstrak
Saat ini, aparatur pemerintah menghadapi permasalahan kinerja pelayanan karena meningkatnya permintaan warga terhadap pelayanan yang berkualitas. Namun, masih sedikit dari para peneliti yang memberikan perhatian terhadap kinerja pelayanan dan keterkaitannya dengan kesempatan kerja yang setara dan praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia. Studi ini menganalisis hubungan antara kesempatan kerja yang setara dan kinerja pelayanan para pegawai di sektor publik dengan menggunakan teori pertukaran sosial. Studi ini juga menguji peranan praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam memediasi pengaruh kesempatan kerja yang setara terhadap kinerja pelayanan. Survei dilakukan terhadap Aparatur Sipil Negara di Pemerintah Kota Tanjungpinang. Sebanyak 258 pegawai memberikan respon terhadap penelitian ini. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan model persamaan struktural. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hubungan positif antara kesempatan kerja yang setara dan kinerja pelayanan. Selain itu, studi ini juga menemukan bahwa praktik manajemen sumber daya manusia memediasi hubungan antara kesempatan kerja yang setara dan kinerja pelayanan. Selanjutnya, bagaimana implikasi studi ini dan area riset di masa depan akan dielaborasi lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci: Teori Pertukaran Sosial, Kesempatan Kerja yang Setara, Praktik Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Kinerja Pelayanan
PERANCANGAN TIANG PANCANG DENGAN TAHANAN FRIKSI NEGATIF
Authors: Salim Vionita , Kawanda Aksan 
Published: August 2020

Development in Jakarta took place the most, but the condition of the land in Jakarta ehich was dominated by sof soil was becoming an obstacle. Landfill is one way that can be done to strengthen or improve soft soil. But if this landfill causes a settlement in soil around the pile is bigger than the settlement in the pile, there will be negative skin friction which will cause the pile to be pulled down. This study aims to analyze and compare the magnitude of the influence of negative skin friction caused by the pile by using the undrained parameter, drained parameter, Meyerhof empirical, and Vesic empirical to analyze the carrying capacity of the pile and determine the neutral plane and negative skin friction with the Fellenius method and Prakash & Sharma methods. From the results of the analysis,negative skin friction does not accur in the pile that ends hard soil while it occurs in soil that ends soft soil. The location of neutral plane between the Fellenius method and Prakash & Sharma is not too different. But piles that experience negative skin friction need to be redesign. Changes in diameter of this pile can reach 2.5 times the initial size. Pembangunan di Jakarta sangat banyak, tetapi kondisi tanah di Jakarta yang didomisasi oleh tanah lunak mnjdi kendala. Timbunan menjadi salah satu cara yang dapt dilakukan untuk memperkuat atau memperbaiki tanah lunak. Tetapi apabila timbunan ini menyebabkan penurunan tanah di sekitar tiang lebih besar daripada penurunan tiang maka akan timbul gesekan antara selimut tiang dengan tanah ke arah bawah yang akan menyebabkan tiang tertarik ke bawah. Gaya geser ke bawah ini dikenal sebagai gesekan selimt negatif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan besarnya pengaruh gesekan selimut negatif akibat timbunan dengan menggunakan metode undrained parameter, drained parameter, empiris Meyerhoff, dan empiris Vesic untuk menganalisis daya dukung tiang serta penentuan titik netral dan friksi negatif dengan metode Fellenius dan Prakash & Sharma. Dari hasil analisis, gesekan selimut negative tidak terjadi di tiang yang berujung tanah keras sedangkan terjadi di tanah pada tanah yang berujung tanah lunak. Letak tiitk netral antara metode Fellenius dan Prakash & Sharma tidak terlalu berbeda. Tetapi tiang yang mengalami friksi negatif perlu didesain ulang ukurannya. Perubahan diameter tiang ini bisa mencapai 2.5 kali dari ukuran awal.
Kesantunan dalam Wacana Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia di Web Forum Topix
Authors: Mutmainah Siti , Rifa’i Ahmad 
Published: August 2020

Kesantunan merupakan aturan perilaku yang ditetapkan dan disepakati bersama oleh suatu masyarakat tertentu sehingga kesantunan sekaligus menjadi prasyarat yang disepakati oleh perilaku sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan realisasi kesantunan yang terjadi dalam wacana konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia di web forum TOPIX. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode simak dan teknik catat. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode padan dengan alat penentu ortografis dan pragmatis. Dari hasil analisis data ditemukan realisasi maksim kesantunan yang terdiri atas maksim kearifan, maksim pujian, maksim kerendahan hati, maksim kesepakatan dan maksim simpati. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa tuturan dalam web forum TOPIX didominasi oleh pelanggaran maksim kesantunan. Hal ini membuktikan, wacana dalam web forum TOPIX merupakan wacana yang tidak santun. Adapun penaatan dan pelanggaran yang banyak digunakan yaitu maksim pujian, sehingga dapat disimpulkan dalam wacana ini banyak menggunakan tuturan pujian dan cacian.
“Bayi Lahir Bulan Mei 1998” dan “Tanah Air Mata”: Kajian Sastra Kontemporer
Authors: Herawati Lilik 
Published: August 2020

Sastra kontemporer merupakan sebutan karya baru yang berkembang pada zaman ini. Lahirnya sastra kontemporer menimbulkan propaganda dan mengobrak-abrik tatanan sastra terdahulu yang telah disepakati oleh sastrawan dahulu, hasilnya sastra kontemporer dianggap tidak sesuai dengan sifat-sifat sastra pada umunya pada saat itu. Karena sastra kontemporer ini dianggap menyimpang. Awal munculnya sastra kontemporer yang diusung oleh Sutardji Calzoum Bachri karena merasa adanya perubahan pada nilai-nilai serta tatanan masyarakat secara menyeluruh serta tidak adanya campur tangan kebiasaan masyarakat lingkungnya. Terkenalnya sastra kontemporer sampai saat ini dikarenakan awal gebrakannya dan diteruskan oleh sastrawan lainnya di Indonesia. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang di mana mengerucut serta menitikberatan cara menyelesaikan masalah dan data yang diperoleh cepat diselesaikan secara dipaparkan dengan kata-kata.