bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors and prognosis for COVID-19-induced acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Lirong , Wang Xiang , Ren Jiangwen , Sun Yan , Yu Rongjie , Li Kailong , Zheng Luquan , Yang Jurong 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo analyse the incidence, risk factors and impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19.DesignMeta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, CNKI and MedRxiv of Systematic Reviews from 1 January 2020 to 15 May 2020.Study selectionStudies examining the following demographics and outcomes were included: patients’ age; sex; incidence of and risk factors for AKI and their impact on prognosis; COVID-19 disease type and incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) administration during COVID-19 infection.ResultsA total of 79 research articles, including 49 692 patients with COVID-19, met the systemic evaluation criteria. The mortality rate and incidence of AKI in patients with COVID-19 in China were significantly lower than those in patients with COVID-19 outside China. A significantly higher proportion of patients with COVID-19 from North America were aged ≥65 years and also developed AKI. European patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher mortality and a higher CRRT rate than patients from other regions. Further analysis of the risk factors for COVID-19 combined with AKI showed that age ≥60 years and severe COVID-19 were independent risk factors for AKI, with an OR of 3.53, 95% CI (2.92–4.25) and an OR of 6.07, 95% CI (2.53–14.58), respectively. The CRRT rate in patients with severe COVID-19 was significantly higher than in patients with non-severe COVID-19, with an OR of 6.60, 95% CI (2.83–15.39). The risk of death in patients with COVID-19 and AKI was significantly increased, with an OR of 11.05, 95% CI (9.13–13.36).ConclusionAKI was a common and serious complication of COVID-19. Older age and having severe COVID-19 were independent risk factors for AKI. The risk of in-hospital death was significantly increased in patients with COVID-19 complicated by AKI.
The process of transprofessional collaboration: how caregivers integrated the perspectives of rehabilitation through working with a physical therapist
Authors: Goto Ryohei , Haruta Junji 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo clarify the process of how caregivers in a nursing home integrate the perspectives of rehabilitation into their responsibilities through working with a physical therapist.DesignThis study was conducted under an action research approach.SettingThe target facility was a nursing home located in Japan. The researcher, a physical therapist, worked at the nursing home once a week from April 2016 to March 2017. During the study period, he created field notes focused on the dialogue and action of caregivers regarding care, responses of caregivers to the physical therapist and reflections as a physical therapist. Caregivers were also given a short informal interview about their relationship with the nursing home residents. For data analysis, two researchers discussed the content based on the field notes, consolidating the findings.ParticipantsThe participants were caregivers who worked at the target facility. Thirty-eight caregivers agreed to participate. Average age was 39.6±11.1 years, 14 (37%) were male and average caregiver experience was 9.8 years.ResultsTwo cycles of action research were conducted during the study period. There were four stages in the process of how caregivers in the nursing home integrated the perspectives of rehabilitation through their work with the physical therapist. First, caregivers resisted having the rehabilitation programme carried out in the unit because they perceived that rehabilitation performed by a physical therapist was a special process and not under their responsibility. However, the caregivers were given a shared perspective on rehabilitation by the physical therapist, which helped them to understand the meaning of care to adapt the residents’ abilities to their daily life. They practised resident-centred care on a trial basis, although with a sense of conflict between their new and previous role, which emphasised the safety of residents’ lives and personhood. The caregivers increased their self-efficacy as their knowledge and skills were supplemented by the physical therapist and his approval of their attempted care. They were then able to commit to their newly conceived specialty of care as a means of supporting the lives of residents.ConclusionsThe process of working with a physical therapist led to a change in caregivers’ perception and behaviours, which occurred in four stages: resistance to incorporation, recapture of other perspectives, conflicts and trials in the role of caregiver and transformation to a resident-centred perspective.
Influence of inpatient opioid consumption on persistent use following total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Pace Meredith , Gannon Kerri , Friedland Matthew , Spurlin Gervase , Price Lori Lyn 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with a high incidence of continued opioid use beyond the expected period of recovery. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of inpatient opioid consumption on the development of persistent use.MethodsOpioid-naïve patients undergoing primary, uncomplicated TKA were included in a prospective, observational study at a single institution. Postoperatively, opioids were prescribed by orthopedic advanced practitioners or resident physicians and administered by registered nurses. Individual inpatient prescriptions were adjusted, as needed, to facilitate optimal recovery conditions. Average hourly inpatient opioid consumption was calculated from total usage between midnight on the day of surgery until the time of hospital discharge. Persistent opioid use was defined as a prescription refill written by the orthopedic surgeon at the 6-week surgical follow-up visit. A multivariable regression model was used to identify independent risk factors associated with persistent use.ResultsA total of 351 patients were included in the analysis. Persistent opioid use was identified in 17.4% (61) of patients overall. A history of alcohol abuse (OR 7.80; 95% CI 2.13 to 28.55, p=0.002) was identified as an independent risk factor. Inpatient opioid consumption in the top quartile (equivalent to more than 10 mg of oxycodone every 4 hours) was not found to be associated with persistent use.ConclusionLarger amounts of opioid consumed in the hospital following uncomplicated, primary TKA may not be associated with an increased risk of persistent use at 6 weeks among opioid-naïve patients. Patients may have unique risk factors for prolonged opioid use that may not necessarily be apparent in the early postoperative period.
Equivalence of solutions between the four-dimensional novel and regularized EGB theories in a cylindrically symmetric spacetime
Authors: Lin Zi-Chao , Yang Ke , Wei Shao-Wen , Wang Yong-Qiang , Liu Yu-Xiao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, a novel four-dimensional Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet (EGB) theory was presented to bypass the Lovelock’s theorem and to give nontrivial effects on the four-dimensional local gravity. The main mechanism is to introduce a redefinition $$\alpha \rightarrow \alpha /(D-4)$$

α
→
α
/
(
D
-
4
)

and to take the limit $$D\rightarrow 4$$

D
→
4

. However, this theory does not have standard four-dimensional field equations. Some regularization procedures are then proposed to address this problem (http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11552, http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.12771, http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.08362, http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09472, http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.10716). The resultant regularized four-dimensional EGB theory has the same on-shell action as the original theory. Thus it is expected that the novel four-dimensional EGB theory is equivalent to its regularized version. However, the equivalence of these two theories is symmetry-dependent. In this paper, we test the equivalence in a cylindrically symmetric spacetime. The well-defined field equations of the two theories are obtained, with which our follow-up analysis shows that they are equivalent in such spacetime. Cylindrical cosmic strings are then considered as specific examples of the metric. Three sets of solutions are obtained and the corresponding string mass densities are evaluated. The results reveal how the Gauss–Bonnet term in four dimensions contributes to the string geometry in the new theory.
Universal non-resonant explanation to charmoniumlike structures $$Z_c(3885)$$ and $$Z_c(4025)$$
Authors: Wang Jun-Zhang , Chen Dian-Yong , Liu Xiang , Matsuki Takayuki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDifferent from the usual tetraquark assignment to charged $$Z_c(3885)$$

Z
c

(
3885
)

and $$Z_c(4025)$$

Z
c

(
4025
)

charmoniumlike structures, in this letter we propose a universal non-resonant explanation to decode these $$Z_c$$

Z
c

’s, which is based on a special dynamical behavior of $$e^+e^-\rightarrow D^{(*)}{\bar{D}}^*\pi $$

e
+

e
-

→

D

(

∗
)

D

¯

∗

π

. Our study shows that $$Z_c(3885)$$

Z
c

(
3885
)

and $$Z_c(4025)$$

Z
c

(
4025
)

are only the reflection from the P-wave charmed meson $$D_1(2420)$$

D
1

(
2420
)

involved in $$e^+e^-\rightarrow D^{(*)}{\bar{D}}^*\pi $$

e
+

e
-

→

D

(

∗
)

D

¯

∗

π

. Obviously, the present work provides a unique perspective, which can be examined by future experiments like BESIII and BelleII.
Role of scalar $$a_0(980)$$ in the single Cabibbo suppressed process $$D^+ \rightarrow \pi ^{+} \pi ^{0} \eta $$
Authors: Duan Man-Yu , Wang Jun-Ya , Wang Guan-Ying , Wang En , Li De-Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTaking into account that the scalar $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

can be dynamically generated from the pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar interaction within the chiral unitary approach, we have studied the single Cabibbo suppressed process $$D^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^0\eta $$

D
+

→

π
+

π
0

η

. We find clear peaks of $$a_0(980)^+$$

a
0

(
980
)

+

and $$a_0(980)^0$$

a
0

(
980
)

0

in the $$\pi ^+\eta $$

π
+

η

and $$\pi ^0\eta $$

π
0

η

invariant mass distributions, respectively. The predicted Dalitz plots of $$D^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^0\eta $$

D
+

→

π
+

π
0

η

also manifest the significant signals for $$a_0(980)^+$$

a
0

(
980
)

+

and $$a_0(980)^0$$

a
0

(
980
)

0

states. The uncertainties of the results due to the free parameters are also discussed. Our study shows that the process $$D^+\rightarrow \pi ^+\pi ^0\eta $$

D
+

→

π
+

π
0

η

can be used to explore the nature of the scalar $$a_0(980)$$

a
0

(
980
)

, thus we encourage the experimental physicists to measure this reaction with more precision.
Cosmological hyperfluids, torsion and non-metricity
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe develop a novel model for cosmological hyperfluids, that is fluids with intrinsic hypermomentum that induce spacetime torsion and non-metricity. Imposing the cosmological principle to metric-affine spaces, we present the most general covariant form of the hypermomentum tensor in an FLRW Universe along with its conservation laws and therefore construct a novel hyperfluid model for cosmological purposes. Extending the previous model of the unconstrained hyperfluid in a cosmological setting we establish the conservation laws for energy–momentum and hypermomentum and therefore provide the complete cosmological setup to study non-Riemannian effects in Cosmology. With the help of this we find the forms of torsion and non-metricity that were earlier reported in the literature and also obtain the most general form of the Friedmann equations with torsion and non-metricity. We also discuss some applications of our model, make contact with the known results in the literature and point to future directions.
Distribution of Number, Location of Pain and Comorbidities, and Determinants of Work Limitations among Firefighters
Authors: Nazari Goris , Osifeso Temitope A. , MacDermid Joy C. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. The unique demands of firefighting results in acute, recurrent, or chronic pain complications. We aimed to describe the percentage distribution of number and location of painful sites among FFs and determine whether work limitations differed based on the number or location of painful sites, age, and/or sex. Methods. About 325 firefighters completed a work limitation questionnaire (WLQ-26) and a checklist to indicate painful regions of the body using either a paper format or an online survey. A one-way ANOVA was employed to analyze the transformed work limitation scores; this was a two-sided test with a significance level of <0.05, to determine if work limitations differed among firefighters based on the number or location of painful sites, age, and/or sex. Results. The data analyzed consisted of 325 (

men
=
216

,

women
=
109

) FFs in total. The percentage distribution of the number of painful sites in our study cohort was 43% no pain, 17% one painful site, 19% two painful sites, and 21% three or more painful sites. The percentage distribution of the locations of painful sites was 43% no pain, 41% spine, 9% lower extremity, and 7% upper extremity. An estimated 31% of FFs (

n
=
102

) reported non-MSK comorbidities with 23% (

n
=
76

) reporting at least one non-MSK comorbidity and 8% (

n
=
26

) reported having two or more comorbidities.

FFs
>
45

years

of age experienced more physical work limitations than

FFs
≤
45
years

(mean difference: 0.74/10; 95% CI .19-1.29;

p
=
0.008

). Conclusions. The majority of firefighters reported having at least one painful site and indicated the spine as the most common painful location. Age, the number of painful sites, and location of pain were identified as a potential contributor to physical/mental and work output limitations.
Nest Sidecar Savings: Lecciones para Chile de la estrategia de “frascos” para promover el ahorro previsional voluntario en el Reino Unido
Authors: Fuentes Contreras Olga , Garcia Huitron Manuel , López Fernando 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo describe el programa de ahorro voluntario “Sidecar Savings” y su experiencia con la implementación de la versión piloto de “Jars” (Frascos). En un solo producto, Jars combina una cuenta de ahorro de emergencia, que no tiene restricciones para el retiro de fondos, y una cuenta de ahorro previsional tradicional que no permite retiros. Esta innovación apunta a mejorar el bienestar de las personas promoviendo la acumulación de ahorro que les permita abordar de mejor manera sus necesidades de corto y largo plazo. En relación al caso chileno, surgen dos ideas. Primero, el producto “Jars” presenta elementos que permitirían mejorar el diseño del Ahorro Previsional Voluntario Colectivo (APVC). Segundo, la creación de una unidad de inteligencia pensional similar al “Nest Insight” contribuiría a mejorar el desarrollo y testeo de iniciativas orientadas a aumentar el ahorro y mejorar las pensiones.
Loss of Aurora Kinase Signaling Allows Lung Cancer Cells to Adopt Endoreplication and Form Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells That Resist Antimitotic Drugs
Authors: Tagal Vural , Roth Michael G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) are common in tumors and have been associated with resistance to cancer therapy, tumor relapse, malignancy, immunosuppression, metastasis, cancer stem cell production, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause these cells to form are not yet known. In this study, we discover that Aurora kinases are synergistic determinants of a switch from the proliferative cell cycle to polyploid growth and multinucleation in lung cancer cell lines. When Aurora kinases were inhibited together, lung cancer cells uniformly grew into multinucleated PGCCs. These cells adopted an endoreplication in which the genome replicates, mitosis is omitted, and cells grow in size. Consequently, such cells continued to safely grow in the presence of antimitotic agents. These PGCC re-entered the proliferative cell cycle and grew in cell number when treatment was terminated. Thus, PGCC formation might represent a fundamental cellular response to Aurora kinase inhibitors and contributes to therapy resistance or tumor relapse.

Significance:
These findings provide a novel insight about how cancer cells respond to Aurora kinase inhibitors and identify a new mechanism responsible for resistance to these agents and other antimitotic drugs.
YAP/TAZ Transcriptional Coactivators Create Therapeutic Vulnerability to Verteporfin in EGFR-mutant Glioblastoma
Authors: Vigneswaran Krishanthan , Boyd Nathaniel H. , Oh Se-Yeong , Lallani Shoeb , Boucher Andrew , Neill Stewart G. , Olson Jeffrey J. , Read Renee D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Glioblastomas (GBMs), neoplasms derived from glia and neuroglial progenitor cells, are the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumors diagnosed in adults, with a median survival of 14 months. GBM tumorigenicity is often driven by genetic aberrations in receptor tyrosine kinases, such as amplification and mutation of EGFR.

Experimental Design:
Using a Drosophila glioma model and human patient–derived GBM stem cells and xenograft models, we genetically and pharmacologically tested whether the YAP and TAZ transcription coactivators, effectors of the Hippo pathway that promote gene expression via TEA domain (TEAD) cofactors, are key drivers of GBM tumorigenicity downstream of oncogenic EGFR signaling.

Results:
YAP and TAZ are highly expressed in EGFR-amplified/mutant human GBMs, and their knockdown in EGFR-amplified/mutant GBM cells inhibited proliferation and elicited apoptosis. Our results indicate that YAP/TAZ-TEAD directly regulates transcription of SOX2, C-MYC, and EGFR itself to create a feedforward loop to drive survival and proliferation of human GBM cells. Moreover, the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin, a disruptor of YAP/TAZ-TEAD–mediated transcription, preferentially induced apoptosis of cultured patient-derived EGFR-amplified/mutant GBM cells, suppressed expression of YAP/TAZ transcriptional targets, including EGFR, and conferred significant survival benefit in an orthotopic xenograft GBM model. Our efforts led us to design and initiate a phase 0 clinical trial of Visudyne, an FDA-approved liposomal formulation of verteporfin, where we used intraoperative fluorescence to observe verteporfin uptake into tumor cells in GBM tumors in human patients.

Conclusions:
Together, our data suggest that verteporfin is a promising therapeutic agent for EGFR-amplified and -mutant GBM.
Proteogenomic Analysis of Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Defines Molecular Subtypes and Identifies Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Ferrarotto Renata , Mitani Yoshitsugu , McGrail Daniel J. , Li Kaiyi , Karpinets Tatiana V. , Bell Diana , Frank Steven J. , Song Xingzhi , Kupferman Michael E. , Liu Bin , Lee J. Jack , Glisson Bonnie S. , Zhang Jianhua , Aster Jon C. , Lin Shiaw-Yih , Futreal P. Andrew , Heymach John V. , El-Naggar Adel K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has heterogeneous clinical behavior. Currently, all patients are treated uniformly, and no standard-of-care systemic therapy exists for metastatic ACC. We conducted an integrated proteogenomic analyses of ACC tumors to identify dysregulated pathways and propose a classification with therapeutic implications.

Experimental Design:
RNA/DNA sequencing of 54 flash-frozen salivary ACCs and reverse phase protein array (RPPA) in 38 specimens were performed, with validation by Western blotting and/or IHC. Three independent ACC cohorts were used for validation.

Results:
Both unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and RPPA analysis revealed two molecular subtypes: ACC-I (37%) and ACC-II (63%). ACC-I had strong upregulation of MYC, MYC target genes, and mRNA splicing, enrichment of NOTCH-activating mutations, and dramatically worse prognosis. ACC-II exhibited upregulation of TP63 and receptor tyrosine kinases (AXL, MET, and EGFR) and less aggressive clinical course. TP63 and MYC were sufficient to assign tumors to ACC subtypes, which was validated in one independent cohort by IHC and two additional independent cohorts by RNA-seq. Furthermore, IHC staining for MYC and P63 protein levels can be used to identify ACC subtypes, enabling rapid clinical deployment to guide therapeutic decisions. Our data suggest a model in which ACC-I is driven by MYC signaling through either NOTCH mutations or direct amplification, which in turn suppress P63 signaling observed in ACC-II, producing unique therapeutic vulnerabilities for each subtype.

Conclusions:
Cooccurrence of multiple actionable protein/pathways alterations in each subtype indicates unique therapeutic vulnerabilities and opportunities for optimal combination therapy for this understudied and heterogeneous disease.
A Prospective Validation and Observer Performance Study of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastric Tumors in Endoscopic Biopsies
Authors: Park Jeonghyuk , Jang Bo Gun , Kim Yeong Won , Park Hyunho , Kim Baek-hui , Kim Myeung Ju , Ko Hyungsuk , Gwak Jae Moon , Lee Eun Ji , Chung Yul Ri , Kim Kyungdoc , Myung Jae Kyung , Park Jeong Hwan , Choi Dong Youl , Jung Chang Won , Park Bong-Hee , Jung Kyu-Hwan , Kim Dong-Il 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Gastric cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Northeast Asia. Population-based endoscopic screenings in the region have yielded successful results in early detection of gastric tumors. Endoscopic screening rates are continuously increasing, and there is a need for an automatic computerized diagnostic system to reduce the diagnostic burden. In this study, we developed an algorithm to classify gastric epithelial tumors automatically and assessed its performance in a large series of gastric biopsies and its benefits as an assistance tool.

Experimental Design:
Using 2,434 whole-slide images, we developed an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks to classify a gastric biopsy image into one of three categories: negative for dysplasia (NFD), tubular adenoma, or carcinoma. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by using 7,440 biopsy specimens collected prospectively. The impact of algorithm-assisted diagnosis was assessed by six pathologists using 150 gastric biopsy cases.

Results:
Diagnostic performance evaluated by the AUROC curve in the prospective study was 0.9790 for two-tier classification: negative (NFD) versus positive (all cases except NFD). When limited to epithelial tumors, the sensitivity and specificity were 1.000 and 0.9749. Algorithm-assisted digital image viewer (DV) resulted in 47% reduction in review time per image compared with DV only and 58% decrease to microscopy.

Conclusions:
Our algorithm has demonstrated high accuracy in classifying epithelial tumors and its benefits as an assistance tool, which can serve as a potential screening aid system in diagnosing gastric biopsy specimens.