bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La tecnología usada como arma Para vencer a la informalidad. El éxito del SCOP
Authors: Amesquita Fidel Edgard , Morales Oswaldo 
Published: January 2020

Supplementary materials
Se adjunta notas de estudio.

Learning outcomes
Conocer la problemática de la informalidad y cómo ésta se desarrolla, aprovechando las falencias de control de las instituciones públicas y privadas. Así como su crecimiento por la legitimidad de la sociedad. Analizar el rol del organismo regulador en su lucha contra la informalidad desde el área de su influencia que es el sector energía. Analizar el impacto económico y social de una solución como la planteada en el caso. Analizar el impacto a nivel de políticas públicas de soluciones como la planteada en el caso. Revisar la estrategia de la mano de la tecnología pueden lograr el desarrollo de soluciones originales para luchar contra la informalidad

Case overview/synopsis
Caso de estudio escrito sobre la base de una historia real de éxito que explica el desarrollo de una solución tecnológica que permitió al Organismo Supervisor de Energía y Minería del Perú (OSINERGMIN) combatir eficazmente la informalidad en la comercialización de combustibles y convertirse en un referente en la región. La historia empieza recreando el sistema que existía de comercialización de combustibles y cómo las falencias del propio sistema alentaban la aparición de comerciantes informales que se beneficiaban de la situación. También se explica como la autoridad reguladora decide hacer frente a esta problemática creando una unidad especial que combata este flagelo y cómo después de algunos fracasos se logra diseñar una estrategia original con ayuda de la tecnología que finalmente logra controlar la informalidad

Complexity academic level
Escuelas de negocios, donde se pueden analizar diferentes aspectos como la estrategia empleada en la cadena de suministro del comercio informal o formal. También se recomienda su utilización en programas de maestría en sectores específicos, como la gestión pública o la administración de la energía. Finalmente, también puede ser utilizado en emprendimiento, dado que el emprendimiento informal es considerado como una nueva línea de investigación en este campo.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
The effect of innovation and strategic planning on enhancing organizational performance of Dubai Police
Authors: Alosani Mohammed Saleh , Yusoff Rushami , Al-Dhaafri Hassan 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the joint effect of innovation and strategic planning on organizational performance of Dubai Police.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine the hypothesized model of the study, a survey questionnaire was used. The data were collected from the general department of total quality of the Dubai Police. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 150, out of which only 95 usable questionnaires were returned and ready for analysis. The regression approach through SPSS was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.

Findings
The statistical results confirm the effect of strategic planning and innovation on the organizational performance of Dubai Police.

Research limitations/implications
Further details and valuable implications are discussed throughout the study. The results have many practical implications, in that it can help managers to make proper decisions when deciding to implement innovation and strategic planning in their organizations.

Originality/value
This study is a rare and unique empirical study that examines the effect of innovation and strategic planning on the organizational performance of Dubai Police.
Embeddedness and entrepreneurial traditions
Authors: Elo Maria , Dana Leo-Paul 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurship traditions evolve in diaspora.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative multiple case study examining the role of diaspora embeddedness, extended family, ethno-religious-, cultural- and social ties and relevant structures shaping diaspora entrepreneurship.FindingsThe authors found that social ties and diaspora embeddedness create dynamism fostering entrepreneurial identity as a part of the Bukharian culture, and as a preferred career option in the context of Bukharian Jews in diaspora. Diasporic family businesses are products of culture and tradition that migrate to new locations with families and communities, not as disconnected business entities.Research limitations/implicationsThe ways in which families nurture a highly entrepreneurial culture that transfers across generations and contexts are context-specific and notper segeneralizable to other diasporas.Practical implicationsDiasporans often continue their traditions and become again entrepreneurs after their settlement, or they may generate hybrid, circular solutions that allow them to employ their competences in the new contexts or connecting various contexts. This calls for transnational entrepreneurship-policymaking.Social implicationsTime changes diasporas. A long-term commitment to the business environment evolves and reduces the mobility of the individual diasporan; typically the children of these migrants become more integrated and develop divergent career paths. Hence, their plans are not necessarily including family entrepreneurship creating a challenge for continuation of the original culture of entrepreneurship.Originality/valueDespite a notable tradition in Jewish studies, there is limited research on Jewish entrepreneurial diaspora and its contemporary entrepreneurial identity and tradition. Furthermore, the population of Bukharian Jews is an unknown and under-explored highly entrepreneurial group that may offer instrumental views to larger diasporic audiences being concerned about maintaining notions of ethnic heritage and identity.
Social and economic benefits of doctors on online health-care platforms based on the social capital theory
Authors: Zang Zhixia , Tan Ke , Yang Xue , Wang Chengjue , Li Geng 
Published: January 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the factors and mechanism which influence the doctor’s social and economic benefits from the perspective of social capital.Design/methodology/approachThis paper mainly investigates the factors and mechanism influencing the doctor's social and economic benefits from the perspective of social capital and then constructs a doctor's social capital model and discusses the effects of doctor's social capital on their economic and social benefits; what is more, this paper also considers the moderating effect of patients’ group behavior.FindingsThe results show that the doctor's social capital has a positive and significant effect on doctor's economic benefits, while it has a negative and significant effect on doctors' social benefits. Patients’ group behavior plays an important moderating role; in particular, the number of online patients of doctors can effectively strengthen follow-up patients’ positive perception of the doctor capital, while the number of offline patients has a negative effect on doctors’ economic benefits, but it can reduce its negative impact on doctors’ social benefits by establishing trust between patient and physician.Originality/valueThis paper enriches the relevant research of social capital theory in the medical field and broadens the research about online health care. For platforms, they should give more attention to doctors and their income issues, which is of great significance for their healthy and sustainable development.
Enmity or Amity? The Status of French Immigrants to England during an Age of War, c.1290–c.1540
Authors: ORMROD W. MARK 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBetween the late thirteenth and the mid‐sixteenth century, England and France were repeatedly at war. Little attention has been given to the status of those from France who emigrated to England over this period. The development of a distinction between the ‘alien in amity’ and the ‘alien in enmity’ suggests that these people may have been particularly vulnerable to official and unofficial hostility. Yet, while we know that the French were the single largest element in the immigrant population, there is next to no evidence that they were subject to particular discrimination. This study offers several explanations for this apparent conundrum. The position arose partly because significant numbers of French immigrants were low‐status agricultural workers whose presence fulfilled a labour need and whose presence was uncontentious. The main reason for the apparently relaxed attitude of the English state to the immigrant French, however, was a legacy of empire. Because a significant part of the French immigrant population came from lands that were, or had been, part of the Plantagenet dominions in France (especially Normandy and Gascony), and because the English crown continued to assert a right to the throne of France, officialdom tended to treat all French incomers as actually or potentially in amity. As a consequence, immigration from France continued in significant numbers: The article includes detailed analysis of the two occasions on which something approaching a census of French immigrants is possible, in the alien subsidy of 1440 and the mass denization of the early 1540s.
Re‐assembling climate change policy: Materialism, posthumanism, and the policy assemblage
Authors: Fox Nick J. , Alldred Pam 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNational and international policy‐makers have addressed threats to environmental sustainability from climate change and other environmental degradation for over 30 years. However, it is questionable whether current policies are socially, politically, economically, and scientifically capable of adequately resolving these threats to the planet and living organisms. In this paper we theorize and develop the concept of a “policy assemblage” from within a new materialist ontology, to interrogate critically four policy perspectives on climate change: “liberal environmentalism”; the United Nations policy statements on sustainable development; “green capitalism” (also known as “climate capitalism”) and finally “no‐growth economics.” A materialist analysis of interactions between climate change and policies enables us to establish what each policy can do, what it ignores or omits, and consequently its adequacy to address environmental sustainability in the face of climate change. None, we conclude, is adequate or appropriate to address climate change successfully. We then use this conceptual tool to establish a “posthuman” policy on climate change. Humans, from this perspective, are part of the environment, not separate from or in opposition to it, but possess unique capacities that we suggest are now necessary to address climate change. This ontology supplies the starting point from which to establish sociologically a scientifically, socially, and politically adequate posthuman climate change policy. We offer suggestions for the constituent elements of such a policy.
Changes in pH and electrolytes during therapeutic plasma exchange in patients with liver diseases and factors predictive of these changes
Authors: Nayak Sweta , Bajpai Meenu , Maiwall Rakhi , Mohapatra Archisman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) disturbs the pH and electrolyte status. This study aimed to analyze the changes in pH, ionized calcium (iCa), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and bicarbonate (HCO3) of patients undergoing TPE and factors affecting these changes. The study included patients (age > 16 years) undergoing TPE from July 2016 to August 2017. Data on patient demographics, TPE procedures, pre‐, and immediate post‐TPE blood gas analysis values and adverse events during TPE were collected. A statistical analysis of the data was done to determine changes in pH and electrolytes and the factors affecting them. The changes in iCa, Na, and K due to the procedure were found to be statistically significant (P < .001). The changes in systolic (P = .010) and diastolic (P = .001) blood pressure during the procedure were significant. The predictors for the change in iCa were pre‐procedure iCa (P < .001), age of the patient (P < .001), and the pre‐procedure pH (P = .002). Complications related to hypocalcemia occurred in 12% of the TPE procedures. Hypocalcemic manifestations did not show any significant association with pre‐procedure iCa levels, change in iCa levels during the procedure and age or gender of the patient. TPE induces marked changes in electrolytes but these changes are transient and do not warrant any intervention. The correction of iCa levels pre‐TPE and continuous infusion of calcium during the procedure helps prevent marked fluctuations in iCa levels. This does not eliminate risks of hypocalcemia. Vigilance and preparedness to deal with complications related to hypocalcemia is the best strategy.
General practice training in regional and rural Australia: A cross‐sectional analysis of the Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training study
Authors: Tapley Amanda , Davey Andrew R. , van Driel Mieke L. , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Morgan Simon , Mulquiney Katie , Turnock Alison , Spike Neil A. , Magin Parker J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate registrar, practice and consultation characteristics associated with varying degrees of GP registrars’ practice rurality.DesignA cross‐sectional analysis of 12 rounds of data collection (2010‐2015) from the longitudinal Registrar Clinical Encounters in Training study, an ongoing, cohort study of Australian GP registrars. The principal analysis used was a generalised ordered logistic regression.Setting/ParticipantsGP registrars in training practices within five of 17 GP regional training providers in five Australian states.Main outcome measureDegree of rurality of the practice in which the registrar undertook training terms was calculated from the practice postcode using the Australian Standard Classification‐Remoteness Area classification.ResultsA total of 1161 registrars contributed data for 166 998 patient consultations (response rate 95.5%). Of these, 56.9% were in major city practices (ASGC‐RA1), 25.7% were in inner‐regional practices (ASGC‐RA2) and 17.4% were in outer‐regional/rural practices (ASGC‐RA3‐5). Several statistically significant associations (P = < .001) were found within regional/rural practices (ASGC‐RA2‐5), when compared with major city practices (ASGC‐RA1). These included registrar characteristics such as being in Term 1, being medically trained overseas, and having worked at the practice previously; patient characteristics such as the patient being an existing patient, being older and being Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; and consultation characteristics such as performance of procedures. ConclusionOur findings suggest that registrars are undertaking rural practice early in their GP training and are being exposed to a rich and challenging mix of clinical and educational practice.
Estimation of residual renal function using beta‐trace protein: Impact of dialysis procedures
Authors: Bargnoux Anne‐Sophie , Buthiau Delphine , Morena Marion , Rodriguez Annie , Noguera‐Gonzalez Maria‐Eugenia , Gilbert Olivia , Le Quintrec Moglie , Kuster Nils , Cristol Jean‐Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBeta‐trace protein (BTP), a low molecular weight protein of 23‐29 kDa, has been proposed as a promising biomarker to estimate residual renal function (RRF) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Indeed, BTP is cleared by native kidney but not during conventional HD session. By contrast, the removal rate of BTP using convective processes (mainly hemodiafiltration [HDF]) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been little or not investigated. Therefore, an aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dialysis procedures (high‐flux HD, on‐line post‐dilution HDF and PD) on BTP removal in comparison with beta‐2 microglobulin (B2M) and cystatin C (CYSC) removals after a single session. In addition, the ability of BTP to predict RRF in PD was assessed. This observational cross‐sectional study included a total of 82 stable chronic kidney disease patients, 53 patients were on maintenance dialysis (with n = 26 in HD and n = 27 in HDF) and 29 were on PD. Serum concentrations of BTP, B2M, and CYSC were measured (a) before and after a single dialysis session in HD and HDF anuric patients to calculate reduction percentages, (b) in serum, 24‐hour‐dialysate and 24‐hour‐urine in PD patients to compute total, peritoneal, and urinary clearance. RRF was estimated using four equations developed for dialysis patients without urine collection and compared to the mean of the urea and creatinine clearances in PD. The concentrations of the three studied molecules were significantly reduced (P < .001) after dialysis session with significantly higher reduction ratio using HDF compared to HD modality (P < .001): BTP 49.3% vs 17.5%; B2M 82.3% vs 69.7%; CYSC 77.4% vs 66% in HDF and HD, respectively. In non‐anuric PD patients, B2M and CYSC were partly removed by peritoneal clearance (72.3% and 57.6% for B2M and CYSC, respectively). By contrast, BTP removal by the peritoneum was negligible and a low bias for the BTP‐based equation to estimate RRF (−1.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) was calculated. BTP is significantly removed by high‐flux HD or HDF, thereby compromising its use to estimate RRF. By contrast, BTP appears as a promising biomarker to estimate RRF in PD patients since it is not affected by peritoneal clearance, unlike B2M and CYSC, and it is well correlated to RRF.
Low molecular weight heparin versus unfractioned heparin for anticoagulation during perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A single center experience in 102 lung transplant patients
Authors: Gratz Johannes , Pausch André , Schaden Eva , Baierl Andreas , Jaksch Peter , Erhart Friedrich , Hoetzenecker Konrad , Wiegele Marion 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is gaining importance in the perioperative management of lung transplant patients. To date, the ideal substance for anticoagulation of ECMO patients is still a matter of debate. In this study, we describe our experience with the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in comparison with unfractioned heparin (UFH) in lung transplant patients undergoing perioperative ECMO support. We retrospectively analyzed data from all lung transplant patients who underwent perioperative ECMO support at our institution between 2013 and 2017. Bleeding events served as primary outcome parameter. Secondary outcome parameters consisted of thromboembolic events. 102 patients were included in this study, of which 22 (21.6%) received UFH for anticoagulation, and 80 (78.4%) received LMWH. There was no difference between the two groups in regard to serious bleeding events (22.7% in the UFH group vs 12.5% in the LMWH group, P = .31). However, the proportion of patients experiencing thromboembolic events was significantly higher in the UFH group than in the LMWH group (50% vs 20%, P = .01). After adjusting for baseline differences between the two groups, we still observed a difference with respect to thromboembolic events. These data remain to be validated in future prospective, randomized trials.
Simple outlier detection for a multi‐environmental field trial
Authors: Tanaka Emi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of plant breeding trials is often to identify crop variety that are well adapt to target environments. These varieties are identified through genomic prediction from the analysis of multi‐environmental field trial (MET) using linear mixed models. The occurrence of outliers in MET is common and known to adversely impact the accuracy of genomic prediction yet the detection of outliers are often neglected. A number of reasons stand for this—first, complex data such as a MET give rise to distinct levels of residuals (eg, at a trial level or individual observation level). This complexity offers additional challenges for an outlier detection method. Second, many linear mixed model software packages that cater for complex variance structures needed in the analysis of MET are not well streamlined for diagnostics by practitioners. We demonstrate outlier detection methods that are simple to implement in any linear mixed model software packages and computationally fast. Although these methods are not optimal methods in outlier detection, they offer practical value for ease of application in the analysis pipeline of regularly collected data. These are demonstrated using simulation based on two real bread wheat yield METs. In particular, models that consider analysis of yield trials either independently or jointly (thus borrowing strength across trials) are considered. Case studies are presented to highlight benefit of joint analysis for outlier detection.
PA‐CRM: A continuous reassessment method for pediatric phase I oncology trials with concurrent adult trials
Authors: Li Yimei , Yuan Ying 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPediatric phase I trials are usually carried out after the adult trial testing the same agent has started, but not completed yet. As the pediatric trial progresses, in light of the accrued interim data from the concurrent adult trial, the pediatric protocol often is amended to modify the original pediatric dose escalation design. In practice, this is done frequently in an ad hoc way, interrupting patient accrual and slowing down the trial. We developed a pediatric‐continuous reassessment method (PA‐CRM) to streamline this process, providing a more efficient and rigorous method to find the maximum tolerated dose for pediatric phase I oncology trials. We use a discounted joint likelihood of the adult and pediatric data, with a discount parameter controlling information borrowing between pediatric and adult trials. According to the interim adult and pediatric data, the discount parameter is adaptively updated using the Bayesian model averaging method. Numerical study shows that the PA‐CRM improves the efficiency and accuracy of the pediatric trial and is robust to various model assumptions.
High activation and skewed T cell differentiation are associated with low IL-17A levels in a hu-PBL-NSG-SGM3 mouse model of HIV infection
Authors: Perdomo-Celis F , Medina-Moreno S , Davis H , Bryant J , Taborda N A , Rugeles M T , Kottilil S , Zapata J C 
Published: January 2020

Summary
The humanized NOD/SCID/IL-2 receptor γ-chainnull (NSG) mouse model has been widely used for the study of HIV pathogenesis. Here, NSG mice with transgenic expression of human stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-3 (NSG-SGM3) were injected with peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL mice) from two HIV-infected (HIV+) patients who were under anti-retroviral therapy (ART; referred as HIV+ mice) or one HIV-seronegative healthy volunteer (HIV−). Such mice are either hu-PBL-NSG-SGM3 HIV+ or HIV− mice, depending on the source of PBL. The kinetics of HIV replication and T cell responses following engraftment were evaluated in peripheral blood and secondary lymphoid tissues. High HIV replication and low CD4 : CD8 ratios were observed in HIV+ mice in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Consistent with high activation and skewed differentiation of T cells from the HIV-infected donor, HIV+ mice exhibited a higher T cell co-expression of human leukocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR) and CD38 than HIV− mice, as well as a shifted differentiation to a CCR7−CD45RA+ terminal effector profile, even in the presence of ART. In addition, HIV replication and the activation/differentiation disturbances of T cells were associated with decreased plasma levels of IL-17A. Thus, this hu-PBL-NSG-SGM3 mouse model recapitulates some immune disturbances occurring in HIV-infected patients, underlying its potential use for studying pathogenic events during this infection.