bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDsMA: An integrated digital signature and mutual authentication mechanism for securing the cognitive radio networks
Authors: Balamurugan S. Appavualias , Kumar S. Senthil 
Published: December 2019

SummaryEnabling a reliable and secure communication in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is one of the interesting and demanding research areas and these days, it is used in wide range of applications. The traditional works mainly aimed to improve the spectrum efficiency and bandwidth utilization of the CRN. Moreover, it focused on attack detection in the network for improving the reliability. Thus, this work intended to secure the CRN by considering the objectives of both attack detection and quality of service (QoS) improvement. For this purpose, an integrated digital signature and mutual authentication (IDsMA) mechanism is proposed in this paper, which incorporates the benefits of both security and reliability. Also, the Rivest‐Sharmir‐Adlemann (RSA) algorithm is utilized to encrypt and decrypt the data at the transmitter and receiver side. Here, the unique user ID is generated by the service eNodeB based on the hash function, which is validated at the server side for validating the authenticity of the user. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and relevant vector machine (RVM) techniques are utilized for optimal channel selection and attack classification. The simulation results evaluate the performance of the proposed technique by using various performance measures. Also, its superiority is proved by comparing the proposed technique with the existing techniques.
Performance profiling as an intelligence‐led approach to antidoping in sports
Authors: Hopker James , Griffin Jim , Brookhouse James , Peters John , Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Iljukov Sergei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe efficient use of testing resources is crucial in the fight against doping in sports. The athlete biological passport relies on the need to identify the right athletes to test, and the right time to test them. Here we present an approach to longitudinal tracking of athlete performance to provide an additional, more intelligence‐led approach to improve targeted antidoping testing. The performance results of athletes (male shot putters, male 100 m sprinters, and female 800 m runners) were obtained from a performance results database. Standardized performances, which adjust for average career performance, were calculated to determine the volatility in performance over an athlete's career. We then used a Bayesian spline model to statistically analyse changes within an athlete's standardized performance over the course of a career both for athletes who were presumed “clean” (not doped), and those previously convicted of doping offences. We used the model to investigate changes in the slope of each athlete's career performance trajectory and whether these changes can be linked to doping status. The model was able to identify differences in the standardized performance of clean and doped athletes, with the sign of the change able to provide some discrimination. Consistent patterns of standardized performance profile are seen across shot put, 100 m and 800 m for both the clean and doped athletes we investigated. This study demonstrates the potential for modeling athlete performance data to distinguish between the career trajectories of clean and doped athletes, and to enable the risk stratification of athletes on their risk of doping.
Multimodal imaging of hallucinogens 25C‐ and 25I‐NBOMe on blotter papers
Authors: Lützen Elias , Holtkamp Michael , Stamme Imke , Schmid Robin , Sperling Michael , Pütz Michael , Karst Uwe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDue to the much lower production costs but similar effects to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), phenethylamine derivatives are sold as a cheaper replacement or deceptively as LSD itself. These potent hallucinogenic substances can lead to severe intoxication, thus a more profound understanding of their use is required. This includes the elucidation of the manufacturing processes for the commonly used blotter papers and the assessment of the risk of overdosing because of a heterogeneous distribution on the blotter papers. Besides the rapid detection of the analytes, the manufacturing process was elucidated by three different imaging techniques and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS). A blotter paper sample, containing the two hallucinogenic phenethylamine derivatives 25I‐NBOMe and 25C‐NBOMe, was analyzed by complementary techniques such as micro x‐ray fluorescence (μXRF), laser ablation (LA)‐inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)‐MS, and with LC–MS after extraction. Using the signal from chlorine and iodine within the compounds, μXRF proved to be the fastest, cheapest and easiest method for identification, requiring no sample preparation at all. LA‐ICP‐OES provided three‐dimensional information of the elements in the blotter paper. These results helped to confirm the assumption that manufacturers spray the compounds onto the paper. Whereas μXRF and LA‐ICP‐OES detected signals for chlorine and iodine, MALDI‐MS‐imaging showed the molecular distribution of both analytes. LC–MS analyses as a complementary method support the imaging results. Quantitative results for different drug hotspots revealed a heterogeneous distribution of the drugs on the blotter paper implying an inherent risk of overdosing for consumers.
PdFe Ultrathin Nanosheets for Highly Sensitive Detection of Nitrite
Authors: Li Shuai , Wang Tao , Yue Ruiping , Wang Hongshuai , Bai Qiang , Xiao Hailian , Sui Ning , Wang Lina , Liu Manhong , Yu William W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPdFe ultrathin nanosheets (NSs) were prepared by one‐step hydrothermal route. PdFe NSs showed superior catalytic activity towards the oxidation of nitrite due to the large surface area of 2 dimensional (2D) nanostructure and the synergetic effect between Pd and Fe. A sensitive and selective electrochemical nitrite sensing platform was designed base on PdFe NSs and the amperometric technique. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.12 μM (S/N=3), with a linear relationship between nitrite concentration and response current in the range of 1–160 μM. The nitrite sensor was applied to analysis of nitrite in tap water and sausage successfully.
A method for simultaneously determining axial permeability and transverse permeability of tight reservoir cores by canister degassing test
Authors: Zhao Yu , Wang Chaolin , Bi Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPermeability anisotropy of shale and tight gas reservoirs is critical for applications in unconventional gas recovery, but laboratory measurements are still limited. This paper presents an experimental method for determining permeability anisotropy of shale and tight reservoirs. The method uses gas production data from a canister and an analytical solution of continuity equation in anisotropic core sample. Axial permeability and transverse permeability of the core are estimated by matching experimental data with analytical solution. The proposed method is verified by comparing with true values and calculated values through numerical simulations that cover variations in rock permeability. The method is applied to real data measured in canister degassing tests (CDT) involving two different directional shale core samples. Then, the experimental results are compared with the results from pulse pressure decay (PPD) method. Both the verification from numerically calculated results and the comparison between PPD results and CDT results exhibit the practicality of the proposed method. At last, the effects of permeability anisotropy, porosity, initial gas pressure, rock dimensions, and adsorption on the profiles of gas production are investigated.
Transcriptional profiling of microglia; current state of the art and future perspectives
Authors: Gerrits Emma , Heng Yang , Boddeke Erik W. G. M. , Eggen Bart J. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicroglia are the tissue macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and the first to respond to CNS dysfunction and disease. Gene expression profiling of microglia during development, under homeostatic conditions, and in the diseased CNS provided insight in microglia functions and changes thereof. Single‐cell sequencing studies further contributed to our understanding of microglia heterogeneity in relation to age, sex, and CNS disease. Recently, single nucleus gene expression profiling was performed on (frozen) CNS tissue. Transcriptomic profiling of CNS tissues by (single) nucleus RNA‐sequencing has the advantage that it can be applied to archived and well‐stratified frozen specimens. Here, we give an overview of the significant advances recently made in microglia transcriptional profiling. In addition, we present matched cellular and nuclear microglia RNA‐seq datasets we generated from mouse and human CNS tissue to compare cellular versus nuclear transcriptomes from fresh and frozen samples. We demonstrate that microglia can be similarly profiled with cell and nucleus profiling, and importantly also with nuclei isolated from frozen tissue. Nuclear microglia transcriptomes are a reliable proxy for cellular transcriptomes. Importantly, lipopolysaccharide‐induced changes in gene expression were conserved in the nuclear transcriptome. In addition, heterogeneity in microglia observed in fresh samples was similarly detected in frozen nuclei of the same donor. Together, these results show that microglia nuclear RNAs obtained from frozen CNS tissue are a reliable proxy for microglia gene expression and cellular heterogeneity and may prove an effective strategy to study of the role of microglia in neuropathology.
The liability of disruption
Authors: Marano Valentina , Tallman Stephen , Teegen Hildy J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryWe study the internationalization‐related legitimacy challenges of firms with disruptive business models by using a case comparison of leading sharing economy companies Airbnb and Uber. We show that they are insulated from many traditional legitimacy challenges to multinationals entering host markets, but exposed to others that have not been noted previously. Specifically, we identify a novel market‐entry legitimacy challenge, “liability of disruption,” which manifests as regulatory, incumbent business, and societal pushback against firms with disruptive business models. After presenting our cross‐case analysis, we theorize about the nature and impacts of these three distinct but interconnected forms of host country institutional pushback on firms’ ability to achieve and maintain legitimacy, and how they are driven by national governance characteristics.
Managerial SummarySharing economy companies Airbnb and Uber have engaged in rapid processes of global growth, but their practices and right to operate have been challenged by a variety of host country stakeholders. This study shows that their international expansion efforts have been affected by emergent regulatory scrutiny, incumbent businesses’ opposition, and other societal concerns about their impacts on employees, customers, competitors, and the communities where they operate. We label these challenges as the “liability of disruption” and illustrate their importance for understanding the internationalization‐related complexities faced by sharing economy firms and, more generally, internationalizing ventures with disruptive business models that aim to restructure entire industry sectors.
Survival advantage of chemoradiotherapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Propensity score matched analysis with multiple subgroups
Authors: Tian Sibo , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Fei Teng , Press Robert H. , Abugideiri Mustafa , Saba Nabil F. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Chen Amy Y. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Curran Walter J. , Gillespie Theresa W. , Higgins Kristin A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe compared overall survival (OS) between radiation therapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) using a large database.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was queried for ATC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 who received RT or CRT. Groups were balanced by propensity score matching (PSM) on nine relevant variables. OS was also examined in five paired subgroups given known patient heterogeneity.ResultsOf 858 total patients, 575 received CRT and 283 received RT. CRT was associated with decreased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.66, P < .001), 1‐year OS 25.5% vs 14.3%. A survival advantage to CRT was seen using PSM cohorts (HR 0.75, P = .006). Those receiving definitive surgery saw the greatest benefit to CRT over RT (HR 0.65, P = .009), 1‐year OS 39.6% vs 20.4%.ConclusionsCRT is associated with decreased risk of death in ATC; the magnitude of CRT vs RT benefit varied by subgroup.
The uptake of evidence‐informed guidelines for reporting suicide into media codes of practice and policies in Australia
Authors: Skehan Jaelea , Paton Elizabeth , Tynan Ross 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIssue addressedDespite different models and frameworks for effective suicide prevention, a universal intervention that is consistently highlighted is the need for responsible and safe media reporting of suicide. This is based on evidence of an association between media reporting of suicide and subsequent suicidal behaviour. This study examines the extent to which media‐led policies and codes of practice in Australia have integrated and aligned with evidence‐informed recommendations about reporting suicide.MethodsAn online search of Australian media agency websites was used to identify codes of practice or similar guidance for news reporting. Content analysis was conducted on all identified documents, assessing alignment with 16 key recommendations from the Mindframe media guidelines for reporting on suicide.ResultsA total of 17 documents across 12 media agencies were identified. Ten of the 12 agencies provided specific advice about the reporting of suicide, with all agencies that issue codes of practice or editorial policies including between two and 10 recommendations aligned with the Mindframe guidelines.ConclusionsWhile the results of this study are positive, significant variation between media agencies shows that there are opportunities to enhance adoption and implementation of evidence‐informed guidance for media professionals in Australia.So what?With over 3000 people dying by suicide and over 60 000 people attempting suicide each year in Australia, the prevention of suicide remains a key public health priority requiring a multi‐sector and health‐in‐all‐policies approach. This study reveals that there is a strong platform for ongoing collaboration with the Australian media to ensure safe and sensitive coverage of suicide.
Homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions in flow past a horizontal circular cylinder with an induced magnetic field and nonlinear thermal radiation
Authors: Oyelakin Ibukun Sarah , Sibanda P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the steady, two‐dimensional, incompressible viscous boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting Casson fluid over a horizontal circular cylinder. The cylinder is impermeable and the flow is assumed to be subject to homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions. The homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions are also assumed to have unequal diffusion coefficients. The novelty in this study is in the consideration of a nonlinear radiative flux together with Joule heating and an induced magnetic field. The magnetodynamic pressure gradient in induced magnetic flows is important as it gives insights into the boundary layer characteristics. The flow velocity and the magnetic field in the free stream are assumed to be uniform and directed vertically over the cylinder. The partial differential equations are solved using the bivariate spectral quasi‐linearization method. An analysis and comparison of results with existing literature are provided. Among the findings, we show, inter alia, that the reactants dominate while the autocatalysts have a negligible impact on the flow progression. The skin friction coefficient decreases with an increase in the Casson parameter and increases when the Joule heating parameter is increased. The rate of heat transfer increases with increasing the Casson parameter and decreases when the Joule heating parameter is increased.
Predicting the mechanical response of the vaginal wall in ball burst tests based on histology
Authors: Ferreira João P. S. , Rynkevic Rita , Martins Pedro A. L. S. , Parente Marco P. L. , Famaey Nele M. , Deprest Jan , Fernandes António A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA histologically motivated (HM) coefficient that establishes a link between tissue's microstructure and material model through histological data is used in the prediction of the mechanical properties of vaginal tissue that is subjected to multiaxial loading conditions. Therefore, the material parameters were based on an HM coefficient obtained from tensile testing and histological data of comparable tissues. Uniaxial tensile test data and histological data were collected from three groups of sheep at different time points in their life cycle, including virgins, pregnant, and parous ewes. From this data, a correlation between material parameters and histological data was obtained. Spherical indentation (ball burst [BB]) tests were then performed in specimens with similar tissue structure. The histological data of these samples were used in conjunction with the correlations already established for the uniaxial samples data, to define the material parameters of the BB samples. Mechanical properties of the BB specimens were predicted through basic histology and using finite element modeling (FEM) simulations, without direct mechanical measurements. The predicted force and displacement values of the FEM simulation displayed a good correlation with the experimental (BB) testing results. No fitting of the BB results was performed. In this way, the use of uniaxial tests coupled with useful histological information offers a promising approach to predicting macroscopic material behavior under multiaxial loading conditions in biomechanics.
Bio‐conjugation of platelet‐rich plasma and alginate through carbodiimide chemistry for injectable hydrogel therapies
Authors: Growney Emily A. , Linder Houston R. , Garg Koyal , Bledsoe J. Gary , Sell Scott A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlginate is a highly tailorable, biocompatible polymer whose properties can be tuned to mimic the properties of native nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a highly accessible, inexpensive, and readily available mix of pro‐regenerative factors. By functionalizing alginate with PRP, a mechanically optimized, bioactive alginate NP analogue may stimulate NP cells to proliferate and accumulate matrix over a longer period of time than if the PRP were solely encapsulated within the hydrogel. In this study, PRP was chemically bound to alginate using carbodiimide chemistry and mechanically, physically, and cytologically compared to plain alginate as well as alginate containing free‐floating lyophilized PRP. The alginates were mechanically and physically characterized; PRP‐conjugated alginate had similar mechanical properties to controls and had the benefit of retained PRP proteins within the hydrogel. Human nucleus pulposus cells (hNPCs) were seeded within the modified alginates and cultured for 14 days. Quantification data of glycosaminoglycans suggests that PRP‐incorporated alginate has the potential to increase ECM production within the characterized alginate constructs, and that PRP‐functionalized alginate can retain protein within the hydrogel over time. This is the first study to functionalize the milieu of PRP proteins onto alginate and characterize the mechanical and physical properties of the modified alginates. This study also incorporates hNPCs into the characterized PRP‐modified alginates to observe phenotypic maintenance when encapsulated within the in situ gelling constructs.
Volumetric facial contour changes of immediately placed implants with and without immediate provisionalization
Authors: Wang I‐Ching , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Kinney Janet , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether immediate provisionalization can preserve facial tissue contour remains undetermined. The goal of this 12‐month randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare three‐dimensional (3D) ridge changes after immediate implant placement with and without immediate provisionalization.MethodsForty participants with an unrestorable maxillary anterior or premolar tooth were randomized to receive either a provisional crown (test) or standard healing abutment (control) after immediate implant placement. In each participant, three digital models taken before implant surgery, final crown delivery (4 months), and final follow‐up (12 months) were registered to analyze linear deviation in 3D and volume changes of ridge contour at the implant site.ResultsThe mean value of mid‐facial linear 3D spatial resorption ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 mm. Significant difference of linear changes of facial contour was noted over time and not between the groups. Facial volume changes at 12 months remained significantly higher in the control group than in the test group (17.4% versus 11.9%, P = 0.04).ConclusionsLinear changes of facial soft‐tissue resorption at immediately placed implants were independent of immediate provisionalization. However, immediate provisionalization showed better volume preservation at the esthetic concern area (mid‐facial margin and 2 to 6 mm above) at the final 12‐month follow‐up.
The effect of total and individual alfalfa saponins on rumen methane production
Authors: Kozłowska Martyna , Cieślak Adam , Jóźwik Artur , El‐Sherbiny Mohamed , Stochmal Anna , Oleszek Wiesław , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Filipiak Weronika , Szumacher‐Strabel Małgorzata 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTen varieties of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) were evaluated for saponin content. Two of the most promising varieties were chosen so that their effect on rumen fermentation and methane production could be studied. Initially, four Hohenheim gas tests (HGT) were performed to test the effect of increased levels of total saponin extracted from the two alfalfa cultivars (Kometa and Verko) – either as fresh material or ensiled – on the total bacteria, total protozoa, methane emission, and selected methanogenic population. Afterwards, seven particular saponins were extracted from fresh alfalfa of the Kometa variety and tested in 24 h batch fermentation culture experiments.RESULTSThe ensiled forms of both the Verko and Kometa alfalfa varieties seem to be good sources of saponin, capable of reducing methane production (P< 0.05) without negatively affecting the basic fermentation parameters. Of the two evaluated varieties, Kometa was the most effective, and the saponins extracted from its roots 3‐Glc,28‐Glc Ma, medicagenic saponin, and 3‐Glu Ma showed the most evident effect (P= 0.0001). The most promising aerial alfalfa saponin in mitigating methane production was soysaponin I K salt (P= 0.0001). Three mixtures of saponins were tested and all were found to mitigate methane production; however, one mixture (MIX 1) did so only to a very small extent.CONCLUSIONSaponins have been observed to have differing effects depending on their source; however, the mode of action of saponins depends on their direct or probable indirect effect on the microorganisms involved in methane production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry