bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance, adherence and effectiveness of a community-based pre-operative exercise programme: a pilot study
Authors: Loughney Lisa , Cahill Ronan , O’Malley Kiaran , McCaffrey Noel , Furlong Brona 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPre-operative exercise training improves HR components of fitness and HRQoL following hospital-based programmes.ObjectiveTo assess compliance and adherence of a pragmatic community-based preoperative exercise programme and its effect on health-related (HR) components of fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsThirty-two surgical oncological participants (15 prostate cancer and 17 colorectal cancer (CRC)) were recruited and assessed to measure HR components of fitness (strength and functional exercise capacity) and HRQoL. An exercise programme was prescribed in the time available prior to surgery with repeat assessments pre-operatively.ResultsTwenty-four participants (14 prostate cancer and 10 CRC) completed the full study (75% compliance). Exercise training was delivered over a median interquartile range (IQR) of 4 (3-4) weeks and 2 (1–3) weeks for the prostate cancer and CRC participants, with > 80% adherence. From baseline to post-exercise intervention, there were significant improvements in lower body strength in the prostate cancer group (p= 0.045), the CRC group (p= 0.001), and in both groups overall (p= .001). Additionally, there were statistically significant improvements in HRQoL: global health status for CRC group (p= 0.025) and for both groups overall (p= 0.023); emotional health subscale for the prostate cancer group (p= 0.048) and for both groups overall (p= 0.027); nausea/vomiting/pain subscale for the CRC group (p= 0.005) and for both groups overall (p= 0.030); and for health scale status for the prostate cancer group (p= 0.019) and for both groups overall (p= 0.006).ConclusionThis community-based pre-operative exercise programme showed acceptable compliance and adherence rates, and significantly increased upper and lower body strength and HRQoL. Pre-operative exercise training should be considered as early as possible in the surgical-oncology pathway and respected within patient scheduling.
Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete with High Slump Property in Normal- and High-Strength
Authors: Ju Minkwan , Park Kyoungsoo , Park Won-Jun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the mechanical behavior of normal strength (NS) and high strength (HS) concrete containing recycled fine aggregates (RFAs). A high slump mixing design was employed, which may be potentially used as filled structural concrete. The compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus were measured according to the RFA replacement ratio and curing time. In addition, the shrinkage strain was measured in a temperature and humidity chamber over 260 days. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of RFA concrete were approximately 70–90% of those of virgin concrete. The decreases in the compressive strength and elastic modulus for NS concrete were larger than those for HS concrete. This could be explained by the difference in failure mechanism between NS and HS concrete. The average ratio of the compressive strength at 190 days to that at 28 days was 1.15–1.3, and the ratio of the tensile strength at 190 days to that at 28 days was 1.15–1.25. These demonstrate good strength development. The ratios between the elastic modulus and compressive strength for RFA concrete were dissimilar to those for virgin concrete but similar to those for recycled coarse aggregate concrete. ACI
318-14 (Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, 2014) and Model Code (Fib
model code for concrete structures, 2010) overestimated the elastic modulus of RFA concrete. Therefore, this study suggested an empirical expression to approximate the elastic modulus of RFA concrete. The increase in shrinkage owing to the use of RFA was at most 5–6% of the ultimate compressive strain of concrete.
Validation of the Arabic version of the binge eating scale and correlates of binge eating disorder among a sample of the Lebanese population
Authors: Zeidan Rouba Karen , Haddad Chadia , Hallit Rabih , Akel Marwan , Honein Karl , Akiki Maria , Kheir Nelly , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Binge Eating Scale (BES), a self-questionnaire assessing binge eating, in a sample of the Lebanese population. The secondary objective was to evaluate factors associated with binge eating.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2018, enrolled 811 adult participants from all districts of Lebanon. The BES was administered to study its psychometric properties. The sample was divided into two separate samples (405 for sample 1 and 406 for sample 2). An exploratory factor analysis was executed on Sample 1, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis on Sample 2 using the structure obtained in Sample 1. Three hierarchical stepwise linear regressions were conducted to assess factors associated with binge eating.ResultsThe factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure for the BES explaining a total of 41.4% of the variance. All items could be extracted from the list. The internal consistency of the measurement was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.86). The confirmatory factor analysis revealed an adequate fit to the model with satisfactory Maximum Likelihood Chi-Square/Degrees of Freedom (χ2/df), Steiger-Lind RMSEA, Joreskog GFI, and AGFI. Higher BMI, depression, anxiety, emotional eating, greater body dissatisfaction, and more pressure from media to lose weight were associated with higher binge eating. Higher expressive suppression facet score was associated with lower binge eating.ConclusionThe Arabic version of BES could be a useful tool for screening and assessing the binge eating behaviors in clinical practice and research. Also, being dissatisfied with one’s body size, having a history of sexual abuse, family history of binge eating, increased depressive/anxiety symptoms, and lower self-esteem seem to be associated with higher BES scores.
C-reactive protein concentration in bipolar disorder: association with genetic variants
Authors: Evers Ann-Kristin , Veeh Julia , McNeill Rhiannon , Reif Andreas , Kittel-Schneider Sarah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Several recent studies have investigated the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) in bipolar disorder (BD), but few studies have directly investigated the interaction between CRP genetic variants and peripheral CRP concentration across different phases of BD. In this study, we aimed to replicate previous findings that demonstrated altered CRP levels in BD, and to investigate whether there is an association of peripheral protein expression with genetic variants in the CRP gene.

Methods
221 patients were included in the study, of which 183 (all episodes, 46 not medicated, 174 medicated) were genotyped for CRP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) shown to influence peripheral CRP protein expression (rs1800947, rs2808630, rs1417938, rs1205).

Results
There were no differences in CRP levels associated with the genotypes, only regarding the rs1205 SNP there were significantly different CRP protein expression between the genotypes when taking body mass index, age, BD polarity, subtype and leukocyte number into account. However, we could show significantly elevated CRP protein expression in manic patients compared to euthymic and depressed patients, independent from genotype. Medication was found to have no effect on CRP protein expression.

Conclusions
These results indicate that low grade inflammation might play a role in mania and might be rather a state than a trait marker of bipolar disorder.
Circadian sleep/wake-associated cells show dipeptide repeat protein aggregates in C9orf72-related ALS and FTLD cases
Authors: Dedeene Lieselot , Van Schoor Evelien , Vandenberghe Rik , Van Damme Philip , Poesen Koen , Thal Dietmar Rudolf 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMotor-, behavior- and/or cognition-related symptoms are key hallmarks in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP), respectively. It has been reported that these patients also experience sleep disturbances, which might implicate a disturbed circadian rhythm of the sleep/wake cycle. It remains unknown, however, whether cells involved in the circadian sleep/wake cycle are affected by ALS- and FTLD-related neuropathological changes including phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) aggregates and dipeptide repeat protein (DPR) inclusions resulting from the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Immunohistochemistry for DPR and pTDP-43 pathology was performed in post-mortem hypothalamus and pineal gland tissue of patients with ALS and/or FTLD-TDP with and without the C9orf72 repeat expansion and healthy controls. Circadian sleep/wake-associated cells, including pinealocytes and hypothalamic neurons related to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), were microscopically assessed. We observed numerous DPR inclusions (poly(GA), poly(GP), poly(GR) and poly(PR)) in the pinealocytes and few poly(GA) inclusions in the SCN-related neurons in C9orf72-related ALS and/or FTLD-TDP cases. These circadian sleep/wake-associated cells, however, were devoid of pTDP-43 pathology both in C9orf72- and nonC9orf72-related ALS and/or FTLD-TDP cases. Our neuropathological findings show that pinealocytes and, to a lesser extent, SCN-related neurons are affected by DPR pathology. This may reflect an involvement of these cells in sleep/wake disturbances observed in ALS and/or FTLD-TDP patients.
Plant growth stage influences heavy metal accumulation in leafy vegetables of garden cress and sweet basil
Authors: Souri Mohammad Kazem , Hatamian Mansoure , Tesfamariam Tsehaye 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Contamination of vegetable crops with heavy metals is a great threat to human health. On the other hand, monitoring plant tissue content of heavy metals at different growth stages could have important implications. In this study, shoot and root samples of garden cress and sweet basil were collected from five farms, from heavy metal polluted fields located in Shahre Rey, south of Tehran, Iran, in either young (3 weeks old) or mature (7 weeks old) plants. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in plant tissues were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In another study, 2 weeks (young) or 6 weeks old (mature) plants of garden cress were subjected to three concentrations of Cd and Pb (0, 5, 10 mg L−1) under hydroponic sand culture for 5 days, in which Hoagland formula was used for nutrient solution preparation.

Results
The results showed that root concentration of various heavy metals, particularly Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn and Zn but not Pb were significantly higher than their shoot concentration in either crop under field sampling. The leaf concentration of some heavy metals was significantly different in seedling and older (mature) plant samples of either crop. Young plant leaves of sweet basil had significantly less Cd, Pb, As and higher Cu than mature plants, whereas young garden cress plants had similar Cd, Pb and higher As and Zn concentrations than mature plants. The Cr, Co, Mn and Zn concentrations were similar in young and mature plants of sweet basil. The Mn, Co, Cr and Ni concentration of young and mature plants of either crop was also similar. The result of hydroponic study showed that young plants of garden cress had higher potential to accumulate lead in shoot and root, particularly in lower (5 mg L−1) than higher (10 mg L−1) lead concentration; however, root Pb concentration at 10 mg L−1 Pb of nutrient solution showed no difference between young and mature plants. Regarding cadmium, young garden cress plants accumulated higher Cd than mature plants in their shoot, particularly under higher Cd levels (10 rather than 5 mg L−1) of nutrient solution; however, a wide difference in root Cd concentration was observed under low (5 mg L−1) than higher (10 mg L−1) cadmium concentration of nutrient solution.

Conclusion
The results of these two studies indicate that despite that young plants have a higher potential for heavy metal uptake and accumulation, the low difference in young and mature plants in the polluted fields may be due to the longer period of plant growth of mature plants that may increase the risk of exposure to polluted air and dust deposition containing high levels of heavy metals.
Influence of lung aeration on diaphragmatic contractility during a spontaneous breathing trial: an ultrasound study
Authors: Xia Jing , Qian Chuan-Yun , Yang Li , Li Mei-Ju , Liu Xiao-Xue , Yang Ting , Lu Qin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
A spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is a major diagnostic tool to predict successfully extubation in patients. Several factors may lead to weaning failure, including the degree of lung aeration loss and diaphragm dysfunction. The main objective was to compare the diaphragmatic contractility between patients with high lung aeration loss and low lung aeration loss during a 30-minute SBT by ultrasound.

Methods
This was a prospective single-center study. Lung ultrasound aeration score (LUS) and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) were measured during mechanical ventilation 1 h before SBT (T-1), 30 min (T1), and 120 min (T2) after the start of the SBT during quiet breathing. The right and left DTF were compared between patients with LUS ≥ 14 (high lung aeration loss), considered at high risk of post-extubation distress, and those with LUS < 14 (low lung aeration loss). The relationship between the LUS and DTF and the changes in LUS and DTF from T-1 to T2 in patients with LUS ≥ 14 were assessed.

Results
Forty-nine patients were analyzed; 33 had LUS ≥ 14 and 16 had LUS < 14 at T1. The DTF at T1 was significantly higher in patients with LUS ≥ 14 than in those with LUS < 14: the right median (IQR) DTF was 22.2% (17.1 to 30.9%) vs. 14.8% (10.2 to 27.0%) (p = 0.035), and the left median (IQR) DTF was 25.0% (18.4 to 35.0%) vs. 18.6% (9.7 to 24.2%) (p = 0.017), respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation between the LUS and the DTF (Rho = 0.3, p = 0.014). A significant increase in the LUS was observed from T-1 to T1, whereas no change was found between T1 and T2. The DTF remained stable from T-1 to T2.

Conclusions
During a SBT, diaphragmatic contraction acts differently depending on the degree of pulmonary aeration. In patients with high lung aeration loss, increased diaphragmatic contractility indicates an additional respiratory effort to compensate lung volume loss that would contribute to successful SBT. Further studies are needed to evaluate the combined evaluation of lung aeration and diaphragmatic function to predict the successful weaning of patients from mechanical ventilation.
Periosteal incarceration versus interposition adipose tissue grafting in physeal fractures: pilot study in immature rabbits
Authors: Edmonds Eric W. , Doan Joshua D. , Farnsworth Christine L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate bar formation following physeal fracture with incarcerated periosteum or adipose tissue graft using radiographic and histological methods in an immature rabbit model.

Methods
Ten-week-old rabbits underwent induced proximal tibia physeal fractures with a contralateral sham. Fractures had periosteum (n = 5) or adipose tissue (n = 5) interposed. Radiographs were compared over time by tibial medial-lateral side difference (TMLSD)(mm), femoral-tibial angle and tibia plateau angle, and physeal bars evidence. MicroCT was performed, growth plates reconstructed, and physeal area calculated and normalized to same animal contralateral physes. Physeal disruption and chondrocyte organization were evaluated histologically.

Results
Radiographic: After 6 weeks, physeal bars formed in both periosteum (4 of 4) and fat groups (3 of 5). The periosteum group showed a significant increase in the TMLSD between immediate post-op and 10 days later (p = 0.028); but, after 6 weeks, TMLSD change was not significantly different between the three groups (p = 0.161). MicroCT: The normalized physeal area of every physis in the fat group was more than 0.9 (0.99 ± 0.06). Only half of the periosteum group was over 0.9 (0.81 ± 0.24). Histology: Physeal disruption was seen by microscopic evaluation in none of the sham group, all 4 in the periosteum group and 4 of 5 in the fat group.

Conclusions
Fat interposition may prevent, or at least delay, the onset of bars across a fractured physis compared to periosteum, but it is not completely protective.
Bench to bedside review: therapeutic modulation of nitric oxide in sepsis—an update
Authors: Lambden Simon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNitric oxide is a signalling molecule with an extensive range of functions in both health and disease. Discovered in the 1980s through work that earned the Nobel prize, nitric oxide is an essential factor in regulating cardiovascular, immune, neurological and haematological function in normal homeostasis and in response to infection. Early work implicated exaggerated nitric oxide synthesis as a potentially important driver of septic shock; however, attempts to modulate production through global inhibition of nitric oxide synthase were associated with increased mortality. Subsequent work has shown that regulation of nitric oxide production is determined by numerous factors including substrate and co-factor availability and expression of endogenous regulators. In sepsis, nitric oxide synthesis is dysregulated with exaggerated production leading to cardiovascular dysfunction, bioenergetic failure and cellular toxicity whilst at the same time impaired microvascular function may be driven in part by reduced nitric oxide synthesis by the endothelium. This bench to bedside review summarises our current understanding of the ways in which nitric oxide production is regulated on a tissue and cellular level before discussing progress in translating these observations into novel therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis.
Combination of cardiac and thoracic pump theories in rodent cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a new method of three-side chest compression
Authors: Okuma Yu , Shinozaki Koichiro , Yagi Tsukasa , Saeki Kota , Yin Tai , Kim Junhwan , Becker Lance B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (HQ-CPR) is of paramount importance to improve neurological outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate chest compression methods by combining two theories: cardiac and thoracic pumps.

Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Three types of chest compression methods were studied. The 1-side method was performed vertically with 2 fingers over the sternum. The 2-side method was performed horizontally with 2 fingers, bilaterally squeezing the chest wall. The 3-side method combined the 1-side and the 2-side methods. Rats underwent 10 min of asphyxial CA. We examined ROSC rates, the left ventricular functions, several arterial pressures, intrathoracic pressure, and brain tissue oxygen.

Results
The 3-side group achieved 100% return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from asphyxial CA, while the 1-side group and 2-side group achieved 80% and 60% ROSC, respectively. Three-side chest compression significantly shortened the time for ROSC among the groups (1-side, 105 ± 36.0; 2-side, 141 ± 21.7; 3-side, 57.8 ± 12.3 s, respectively, P < 0.05). Three-side significantly increased the intrathoracic pressure (esophagus, 7.6 ± 1.9, 7.3 ± 2.8, vs. 12.7 ± 2.2; mmHg, P < 0.01), the cardiac stroke volume (the ratio of the baseline 1.2 ± 0.6, 1.3 ± 0.1, vs. 2.1 ± 0.6, P < 0.05), and the common carotid arterial pressure (subtracted by femoral arterial pressure 4.0 ± 2.5, 0.3 ± 1.6, vs. 8.4 ± 2.6; mmHg, P < 0.01). Three-side significantly increased the brain tissue oxygen (the ratio of baseline 1.4±0.1, 1.3±0.2, vs. 1.6 ± 0.04, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
These results suggest that increased intrathoracic pressure by 3-side CPR improves the cardiac output, which may in turn help brain oxygenation during CPR.
Needle-free connectors catheter-related bloodstream infections: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Koeppen Michael , Weinert Franziska , Oehlschlaeger Sabrina , Koerner Andreas , Rosenberger Peter , Haeberle Helene Anna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In the critically ill, catheter-related bloodstream infection can result from bacterial contamination of infusion hubs of intravascular catheters. Needle-free connectors (NFC) have been suggested to reduce the rate of bacterial contamination and subsequent catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), but data remains ambiguous. Thus, we tested if a novel NFC would reduce bacterial contamination and subsequent CRBSI.

Results
In a prospective, randomized controlled trial, surgical ICU patients were randomized to three-way hubs closed by caps or Bionecteur® (Vygon, Inc.) of central venous catheters. Every 72 h, infusion lines were renewed and microbiological samples were taken. Bacterial growth was analyzed by blinded microbiologists. Incidence of bacterial contamination and CRSBI were assessed. Outcome parameters like length of stay on ICU and outcome were retrospectively assessed. Two thousand seven hundred patients were screened, 111 were randomized to the NFC, and 109 into the control group. Finally, 24 patients in the NFC and 23 control patients were analyzed. The majority of samples (NFC 77%; control 70%) found no bacterial growth. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were most commonly detected on CVC samples (NFC 17%; control 21%). We found CRBSI (defined as identical pathogens in blood culture and catheter line tip culture, and clinical manifestations of infection) in two control patients and one patient of the NFC group. Their length of ICU stay did not differ between groups (NFC 19 days; control 23 days).

Conclusion
The use of NFC does not influence the rate of bacterial contamination of infusion hubs of central venous catheters.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02134769. Registered 09 May 2014.
Bioleaching of heavy metals from printed circuit board (PCB) by Streptomyces albidoflavus TN10 isolated from insect nest
Authors: Kaliyaraj Dhanalashmi , Rajendran Menaka , Angamuthu Vignesh , Antony Annam Renita , Kaari Manigundan , Thangavel Shanmugasundaram , Venugopal Gopikrishnan , Joseph Jerrine , Manikkam Radhakrishnan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
E-waste management is extremely difficult to exercise owing to its complexity and hazardous nature. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the core components of electrical and electronic equipment, which generally consist of polymers, ceramics, and heavy metals.

Results
The present study has been attempted for removal of heavy metals from printed circuit board by metal-resistant actinobacterium Streptomyces albidoflavus TN10 isolated from the termite nest. This bacterium was found to recover different heavy metals (Al 66%, Ca 74%, Cu 68%, Cd 65%, Fe 42%, Ni 81%, Zn 82%, Ag 56%, Pb 46%) within 72 h under laboratory conditions. The metal content of PCB after bioleaching was analyzed by ICP-MS. The crude PCB and bioleaching residue were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM for the determination of structural and functional group changes for confirmation of bioleaching.

Conclusion
The findings of the present study concluded that Streptomyces albidoflavus TN10 is a promising candidate for bioleaching of heavy metals from the printed circuit board as an eco-friendly and cost-effective process.