bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of PET‐based stages of amyloid deposition with neuropathological markers of Aβ pathology
Authors: Teipel Stefan J. , Temp Anna G. M. , Levin Fedor , Dyrba Martin , Grothe Michel J. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if PET‐based stages of regional amyloid deposition are associated with neuropathological phases of Aβ pathology.MethodsWe applied data‐driven regional frequency‐based and a‐priori striatum‐based PET staging approaches to ante‐mortem 18F‐Florbetapir‐PET scans of 30 cases from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative autopsy cohort, and used Bayesian regression analysis to study the associations of these in vivo amyloid stages with neuropathological Thal phases of regional Aβ plaque distribution and with semi‐quantitative ratings of neocortical and striatal plaque densities.ResultsBayesian regression revealed extreme evidence for an association of both PET‐based staging approaches with Thal phases, and these associations were about 44 times more likely for frequency‐based stages and 89 times more likely for striatum‐based stages than for global cortical 18F‐Florbetapir‐PET signal. Early (i.e., neocortical‐only) PET‐based amyloid stages also predicted the absence of striatal/diencephalic cored plaques. Receiver operating characteristics curves revealed highly accurate discrimination between low/high Thal phases and the presence/absence of regional plaques. The median areas under the curve were 0.99 for frequency‐based staging (95% credibility interval 0.97–1.00), 0.93 for striatum‐based staging (0.83–1.00), and 0.87 for global 18F‐Florbetapir‐PET signal (0.72–0.98).InterpretationOur data indicate that both regional frequency‐ and striatum‐based amyloid‐PET staging approaches were superior to standard global amyloid‐PET signal for differentiating between low and high degrees of regional amyloid pathology spread. Despite this, we found no evidence for the ability of either staging scheme to differentiate between low and moderate degrees of amyloid pathology which may be particularly relevant for early, preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
Visual Neuroscience for Architecture: Seeking a New Evidence‐Based Approach to Design
Authors: Albright Thomas D , Gepshtein Sergei , Macagno Eduardo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThomas D Albright and Sergei Gepshtein of the Salk Institute of Biological Studies in La Jolla, and Eduardo Macagno of the University of California in San Diego, review several complementary experimental approaches developed in different branches of visual neuroscience, helping to understand how humans capture and analyse information about the built environment. The authors propose how these approaches can be used in support of evidence‐based architectural and urban design.
Nanogel Encapsulated Hydrogels As Advanced Wound Dressings for the Controlled Delivery of Antibiotics
Authors: Fan Yanmiao , Lüchow Mads , Zhang Yuning , Lin Jinjian , Fortuin Lisa , Mohanty Soumitra , Brauner Annelie , Malkoch Michael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiocompatible and degradable dual‐delivery gel systems based on hyperbranched dendritic−linear−dendritic copolymers (HBDLDs) is herein conceptualized and accomplished via thiol‐ene click chemistry. The elasticity of the hydrogels is tunable by varying the lengths of PEG (2, 6, 10 kDa) or the dry weight percentages (20, 30, 40 wt%), and are found to range from 2–14.7 kPa, comparable to human skin. The co‐delivery of antibiotics is achieved, where the hydrophilic drug novobiocin sodium salt (NB) is entrapped within the hydrophilic hydrogel, while the hydrophobic antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) is encapsulated within the dendritic nanogels (DNGs) with hydrophobic cores (DNGs‐CIP). The DNGs‐CIP with drug loading capacity of 2.83 wt% are then physically entrapped within the hybrid hydrogels through UV curing. The hybrid hydrogels enable the quick release of NB and prolonged released of CIP. In vitro cell infection assays showed that the antibiotic‐loaded hybrid hydrogels are able to treat bacterial infections with significant bacterial reduction. Hybrid hydrogel band aids are fabricated and exhibited better antibacterial activity compared with commercial antimicrobial band aids. Remarkably, most hydrogels and hybrid hydrogels show enhanced human dermal cell proliferation and could be degraded into non‐toxic constituents, showing great promise as wound dressing materials.
Epitaxial Growth of Main Group Monoelemental 2D Materials
Authors: Zhou Dechun , Li Heping , Si Nan , Li Hui , Fuchs Harald , Niu Tianchao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the discovery of graphene, 2D materials have attracted significant attention for their unique properties. Monoelemental 2D materials (ME2DMs) are of particular interest because of their superiority in synthetic exploration, excellent mobility, and wide range of band gaps over other 2D compounds. Substantial efforts are devoted to fabricate high‐quality materials through various substrates and reveal the growth mechanism at the atomic scale. In this review, the recent progress in the preparation of these ME2DMs is explored, the roles of different substrates is highlighted, and the challenges of and perspectives on their heterostructures is discussed.
Chromophore‐Free Sealing and Repair of Soft Tissues Using Mid‐Infrared Light‐Activated Biosealants
Authors: Ridha Inam , Basiri Ali , Godeshala Sudhakar , Rafique Md Zubair Ebne , Ghosh Deepanjan , Williams Jason , Chawla Nikhilesh , Lee Jung Keun , Kilbourne Jacquelyn , Yao Yu , Rege Kaushal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoor strength, infection, leakage, long procedure times, and inflammation limit the efficacy of common tissue sealing devices in surgeries and trauma. Light‐activated sealing is attractive for tissue sealing and repair, and can be facilitated by the generation of local heat following absorption of nonionizing laser energy by chromophores. Here, the inherent ability of biomaterials is exploited to absorb nonionizing, mid‐infrared (midIR) light in order to engender rapid photothermal sealing and repair of soft tissue wounds. In this approach, the biomaterial simultaneously acts as a photothermal convertor as well as a biosealant, which dispenses the need for exogeneous light‐absorbing nanoparticles or dyes. Biomechanical recovery, mathematical modeling, histopathology analyses, tissue strain mapping using digital imaging correlation, and visualization of the biosealant‐tissue interface using hyperspectral imaging indicate superior performance of midIR sealing in live mice compared to conventional sutures and glue. The midIR‐biosealant approach demonstrates rapid sealing of soft tissues, improves cosmesis, lowers potential for scarring, obviates safety concerns because of the nonionizing light used, and allows adoption of a wide diversity of biomaterials. Taken together, the studies demonstrate a novel advance both in biomaterials for surgical sealing along with the use of nonionizing midIR light, with high potential for clinical translation.
Bioprinting a Multifunctional Bioink to Engineer Clickable 3D Cellular Niches with Tunable Matrix Microenvironmental Cues
Authors: Pereira Rúben F. , Lourenço Bianca N. , Bártolo Paulo J. , Granja Pedro L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe properties of the surrounding cell environment are major determinants of cell response in 3D. However, the ability to unravel how these cues dictate the biological function in bioprinted constructs is limited by the lack of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐mimetic bioinks with fully controllable properties. In this study, a multifunctional bioink that uniquely combines the independent control over the biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate cell fate with the bioorthogonal nature of thiol–norbornene photoclick chemistry is designed for the extrusion bioprinting of bioinspired 3D cellular niches with tunable properties. The bioink rheology is controlled by ionic gelation, being dependent on both the type and content of divalent ions (calcium and barium), while the mechanical and biochemical properties of hydrogels are tailored via a post printing thiol–ene reaction. Bioprinted cell‐adhesive and protease‐degradable hydrogels modulate cell proliferation and ECM deposition in a matrix‐stiffness dependent manner over 14 days of culture regardless of cell spreading, demonstrating the ability to probe the effect of matrix cues on cell response. This bioink can be used as a versatile platform where building blocks can be rationally combined for the bioprinting of functional cell‐ and tissue‐specific constructs with controlled cellular behavior.
Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Mediated Cancer Immune‐Theranostics
Authors: Cheng Hung‐Wei , Tsao Hsin‐Yi , Chiang Chih‐Sheng , Chen San‐Yuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is a cutting‐edge strategy that eliminates cancer cells by amplifying the host's immune system. However, the low response rate and risks of inducing systemic toxicity have raised uncertainty in the treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a versatile theranostic tool can be used to target delivery of multiple immunotherapeutics and monitor cell/tissue responses. These capabilities enable the real‐time characterization of the factors that contribute to immunoactivity so that future treatments can be optimized. The magnetic properties of MNPs further allow the implementation of magnetic navigation and magnetic hyperthermia for boosting the efficacy of immunotherapy. The multimodal approach opens an avenue to induce robust immune responses, minimize safety issues, and monitor immune activities simultaneously. Thus, the object of this review is to provide an overview of the burgeoning fields and to highlight novel technologies for next‐generation immunotherapy. The review further correlates the properties of MNPs with the latest treatment strategies to explore the crosstalk between magnetic nanomaterials and the immune system. This comprehensive review of MNP‐derived immunotherapy covers the obstacles and opportunities for future development and clinical translation.
Low‐Cost Titanium–Bromine Flow Battery with Ultrahigh Cycle Stability for Grid‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xianjin , Xie Congxin , Li Tianyu , Zhang Yunhe , Li Xianfeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFlow batteries are one of the most promising large‐scale energy‐storage systems. However, the currently used flow batteries have low operation–cost‐effectiveness and exhibit low energy density, which limits their commercialization. Herein, a titanium–bromine flow battery (TBFB) featuring very low operation cost and outstanding stability is reported. In this battery, a novel complexing agent, 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, is employed to stabilize bromine/polybromides and suppress Br diffusion. The results reveal that the complexing agent effectively inhibits Br crossover and reduces Br‐induced corrosivity, which in turn significantly improves the reliability of the TBFB system. The novel TBFB demonstrates 95% coulombic efficiency and 83% energy efficiency at 40 mA cm−2 current density. Moreover, it can run smoothly for more than 1000 cycles without any capacity decay. Furthermore, an assembled 300 W TBFB stack can be continuously operated for more than 500 cycles, thereby confirming the practical applicability of the proposed TBFB. Because the TBFB utilizes an ultralow‐cost electrolyte (41.29 $ kWh−1) and porous polyolefin membranes, it serves as a reliable and low‐cost energy‐storage device. Therefore, considering its ultrahigh stability and low cost, the TBFB can be used as a large‐scale energy‐storage device.
Highly Efficient Amplitude Modulation of Terahertz Fano Resonance Based on Si Photoactive Substrate by Low Power Continuous Wave
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Fenglin , Li Ming , Li Peng , Li Jitao , Li Jie , Yang Dingyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is one of the effective methods to modulate Fano resonance intensity by adding the thin photoactive material in the Fano metadevice and then light pumping them. However, most photoactive materials not only depend on high power femtosecond pulse, but also violently destroy the initial Fano resonance, thus deteriorating the modulated amplitude range (less than 0.35 in previous reports). This study introduces a terahertz (THz) Fano resonator based on Si photoactive substrate (SPS) which is modulated by low power 1064 nm continuous wave without additional photoactive materials. 90% modulation depth and the 0.45 modulated amplitude range are obtained by this device with only 2 mW (0.064 W cm−2) pump power. Meanwhile, this study also perfectly solves a long‐neglected problem, i.e., the Fano resonance amplitude of the whole sample seriously deviates from the Au metasurface. At first, the influence of SPS thickness on Fano resonance is investigated, which reveals that SPS thickness low to 3–0.5 µm is required in order to achieve basically the same between Fano resonance of the whole sample and the Au metasurface. And this device shows sharper initial Fano resonance and obtains a higher modulation amplitude range of 0.65 at this time.
Solar radiation utilization characteristics of double‐season rice in China
Authors: Huang Min , Lei Tao , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana , Zou Yingbin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDouble‐season rice (Oryza sativa L.) (i.e., early‐ and late‐season rice; ESR and LSR, respectively) cropping system is a major rice production system in China. Early‐season rice generally produces less biomass and consequently lower grain yield than LSR. However, limited information is available on the critical physiological factors that contribute to the difference in biomass production between ESR and LSR. To address this knowledge gap, field experiments were conducted to compare solar radiation utilization characteristics between ESR and LSR in 2 yr. Results showed that aboveground biomass and grain yield in ESR were 3–23% and 3–11% lower than those in LSR, respectively. The ESR had a 10–13% lower radiation interception percentage and a 13–28% lower radiation interception amount (RIA) but a 7–12% higher radiation use efficiency (RUE) than LSR. These results suggest that radiation interception capacity is a critical physiological factor that contributes to the differences in biomass production and grain yield between ESR and LSR. In addition, this study found a close relationship between RUE and the ratio of radiation interception amount (RIA)/nitrogen uptake amount (RIA/NUA ratio), suggesting that the RIA/NUA ratio is a useful physiological parameter in determining RUE in rice.
Factors Associated with Providers’ Work Engagement and Burnout in Homeless Services: A Cross‐national Study
Authors: Lenzi Michela , Santinello Massimo , Gaboardi Marta , Disperati Francesca , Vieno Alessio , Calcagnì Antonio , Greenwood Ronni Michelle , Rogowska Aleksandra M. , Wolf Judith R. , Loubière Sandrine , Beijer Ulla , Bernad Roberto , Vargas‐Moniz Maria J. , Ornelas José , Spinnewijn Freek , Shinn Marybeth ,   HOME_EU Consortium Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe complexity of homeless service users’ characteristics and the contextual challenges faced by services can make the experience of working with people in homelessness stressful and can put providers’ well‐being at risk. In the current study, we investigated the association between service characteristics (i.e., the availability of training and supervision and the capability‐fostering approach) and social service providers’ work engagement and burnout. The study involved 497 social service providers working in homeless services in eight different European countries (62% women; mean age = 40.73, SD = 10.45) and was part of the Horizon 2020 European study “Homelessness as Unfairness (HOME_EU).” Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), findings showed that the availability of training and supervision were positively associated with providers’ work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. However, results varied based on the perceived usefulness of the training and supervision provided within the service and the specific outcome considered. The most consistent finding was the association between the degree to which a service promotes users’ capabilities and all the aspects of providers’ well‐being analyzed. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for how configuration of homeless services can promote social service providers’ well‐being and high‐quality care.
Sodium as High‐efficient Catalyst in Hydroboration of Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: He Xing , Yan Ben , Ni Congjian , Zhao Yunzhou , Yang Zhi , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe catalysts used to catalyze the hydroboration of nitriles or carbodiimides usually have some disadvantages such as complex structure, high cost, large pollution of environment and so on. It is an important development direction to use the main group metals instead of the transition metals to reduce the costs and realize green catalysis. In this paper, using NaH or NaOH as a catalyst, an efficient reaction of nitrile or carbodiimide with pinacol borane (HBPin) has been achieved. It was found that 3.5 mol% of NaH participated in the hydroboration reaction in a simple and effective method under slight solvent‐free circumstances. In addition, intermolecular chemoselectivity hydroboration of nitrile and substrates with different functional groups was also investigated by employing three different catalysts. This reaction uses the inorganic alkali with simple structure, commercially available and low cost to synthesize organoborane compounds, which provides ideas for industrial development.
Inflammation‐driven vascular dysregulation in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Khurana Nitish , Pulsipher Abigail , Jedrzkiewicz Jolanta , Ashby Shaelene , Pollard Chelsea E. , Ghandehari Hamidreza , Alt Jeremiah A. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAltered neovascularity is typically observed in chronic inflammatory diseases with overlapping pathophysiology to that observed in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, characterization of these inflammatory‐induced vascular‐mediated changes in CRS is limited. Understanding the underlying vascular changes in CRS will allow for strategic design and development of new drug‐delivery technologies that exploit vascular permeability for increased extravasation into the target sinonasal tissues.MethodsPatients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and non‐CRS controls were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. The extent of angiogenesis in tissue was characterized using immunohistochemical and multiplex gene expression analyses. Vascular permeability, interendothelial junction structures, and endothelial barrier morphology were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy.ResultsSinonasal vascularity was increased significantly in CRSsNP and CRSwNP (p < 0.05) when compared with controls, as assessed by enumerating the platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM‐1)‒positive blood vessels. Pro‐angiogenic gene expression, including PECAM1 and platelet‐activating factor receptor, was elevated significantly in patients with CRSwNP when compared with controls (p < 0.05). The fenestration sizes between endothelial cells (17‐280 nm) were larger in CRSwNP compared with CRSsNP (10‐33 nm) patients and controls (4‐12 nm). Global thinning of the endothelial cell lining was observed in CRS patients but not in controls.ConclusionSignificant increases in vascularity, the pro‐angiogenic gene, and protein expression and blood vessel morphogenesis were observed in CRS patients compared with controls. In addition, fenestration sizes between interendothelial junction structures were larger in CRS patients than in controls, suggesting inflammation‐driven vascular dysregulation in CRS pathology.
Advantage of Quantum Theory over Nonclassical Models of Communication
Authors: Saha Sutapa , Bhattacharya Some Sankar , Guha Tamal , Halder Saronath , Banik Manik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuantum correlations provide dramatic advantage over the corresponding classical resources in several communication tasks. However, a broad class of probabilistic theories exists that attributes greater success than quantum theory in many of these tasks by allowing supra‐quantum correlations in “space‐like” and/or “time‐like” paradigms. In this letter, a communication task involving three spatially separated parties is proposed where one party (verifier) aims to verify whether the bit strings possessed by the other two parties (terminals) are equal or not. This task is called authentication with limited communication, the restrictions on communication being: i) the terminals cannot communicate with each other, but (ii) each of them can communicate with the verifier through single use of channels with limited capacity. Manifestly, classical resources are not sufficient for perfect success of this task. Moreover, it is also not possible to perform this task with certainty in several nonclassical theories although they might possess stronger “space‐like” and/or “time‐like” correlations. Surprisingly, quantum resources can achieve the perfect winning strategy. The proposed task thus stands apart from all previously known communication tasks as it exhibits quantum advantage over other nonclassical strategies.
Nonreciprocal Mechanical Squeezing in a Spinning Optomechanical System
Authors: Chen Shan‐Shan , Meng Shan‐Shan , Deng Hong , Yang Guo‐Jian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA scheme for nonreciprocal mechanical squeezing (NMS) based on the three‐mode optomechanical interaction is proposed. In this scheme, a mechanical mode couples to a spinning whispering‐gallery‐cavity (WGC) mode and to an optical mode. An external laser is coupled into and thus drives the WGC via a waveguide. Mechanical squeezing results from the joint effect of the mechanical intrinsic nonlinearity and the quadratic optomechanical coupling, which, in the presence of strong thermal noise, is still considerable, while the nonreciprocity originates from the optical Sagnac effect. There are two NMS areas in the parametric space, one works for the laser driving from the left of the waveguide and another, from the right. For a given spinning speed of the WGC, the squeezing values in these two areas are equal if the corresponding detunings of the WGC differ from each other by two‐times of the Sagnac–Fizeau shift. At the red‐detuning resonance, the analytical results for the mechanical squeezing and cooling are obtained. The NMS scheme is robust to the thermal noise of the mechanical environment.
Characterization of CS/PVA/GO electrospun nanofiber membrane with astaxanthin
Authors: Zhang Hengfang , Lin Lexun , Ren Liping , Liu Yongxu , Song Rong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTissue engineering has been widely used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering scaffolds have become a new research direction for periodontal regenerative repair. We aim to develop a biological scaffold material that can support host immunity and promote periodontal regeneration. In this paper, chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO)/astaxanthin (ASTA) nanofibers membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical testing, antibacterial testing and cytotoxicity testing. The CS/PVA/GO/ASTA nanofiber membrane had favorable micro‐morphology, good mechanical properties and no cytotoxicity. This preliminary study demonstrates that the CS/PVA/GO/ASTA nanofiber membrane can be used for in vivo and in vitro experiments related to periodontal regeneration. The related mechanism of periodontal regeneration will be evaluated in future studies.