bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of in vitro activities of 11 antifungal agents against Trichophyton verrucosum isolates associated with a variety hosts and geographical origin
Authors: Łagowski Dominik , Gnat Sebastian , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Osińska Marcelina 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe high prevalence of dermatophytosis in animals is usually associated with extra expenditure on prevention, diagnosis and long‐term treatment. Humans are usually infected from animals, also from asymptomatic carriers, through direct contact or indirectly via fungus‐bearing hair, scales and fomites. Despite the medical importance of Trichophyton verrucosum infections, there are limited in vitro data on the fungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs, including new‐generation triazoles, imidazoles and allyloamines. The aim of the current study was to evaluate comprehensively the in vitro activity of 11 antifungal drugs against a large collection of T. verrucosum isolates obtained in Poland, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia from humans and animals using a microdilution assay. In vitro susceptibility testing of 11 antifungal drugs was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M38. The MICs of clotrimazole, ciclopirox, enilconazole, miconazole, naftifine and terbinafine against all T. verrucosum isolates were below 1 μg/mL, whereas those of fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole were above 1 μg/mL. Ciclopirox was demonstrated to have superior activity against all strains in comparison with the other drugs, whereas fluconazole exerted the weakest in vitro effect and exhibited the highest MIC values. Our study has shown that drugs of different chemical origin have satisfactory antifungal activity and can be promising candidates for the treatment of T. verrucosum dermatophytosis. Moreover, no significant disparity in drug sensitivity between isolates obtained from different hosts and geographical regions have been demonstrated.
Dissection of genetic architecture for glucosinolate accumulations in leaves and seeds of Brassica napus by genome‐wide association study
Authors: Liu Sheng , Huang Huibin , Yi Xinqi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Yang Qingyong , Zhang Chunyu , Fan Chuchuan , Zhou Yongming 
Published: December 2019

SummaryGlucosinolates (GSLs), whose degradation products have been shown to be increasingly important for human health and plant defence, compose important secondary metabolites found in the order Brassicales. It is highly desired to enhance pest and disease resistance by increasing the leaf GSL content while keeping the content low in seeds of Brassica napus, one of the most important oil crops worldwide. Little is known about the regulation of GSL accumulation in the leaves. We quantified the levels of 9 different GSLs and 15 related traits in the leaves of 366 accessions and found that the seed and leaf GSL content were highly correlated (r = 0.79). A total of 78 loci were associated with GSL traits, and five common and eleven tissue‐specific associated loci were related to total leaf and seed GSL content. Thirty‐six candidate genes were inferred to be involved in GSL biosynthesis. The candidate gene BnaA03g40190D (BnaA3.MYB28) was validated by DNA polymorphisms and gene expression analysis. This gene was responsible for high leaf/low seed GSL content and could explain 30.62% of the total leaf GSL variation in the low seed GSL panel and was not fixed during double‐low rapeseed breeding. Our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of GSL variation in leaves and seeds and may facilitate the metabolic engineering of GSLs and the breeding of high leaf/low seed GSL content in B. napus.
The Behavioral Public Administration Movement: A Critical Reflection
Authors: Hassan Shahidul , Wright Bradley E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractProponents of the behavioral public administration movement call for greater use of theories from psychology and experimental research designs to improve the rigor of public administration research. We agree that the use of such theories and methods will provide much‐needed reinforcements to public administration research, but the approach taken so far might be too narrow and might unnecessarily alienate scholars using other perspectives and research approaches. Reflecting on our own training and experiences, we suggest that adopting a more inclusive approach that employs insights and research tools not only from psychology but also from other disciplines will provide public administration scholars with a stronger footing in their efforts to generate actionable knowledge for public managers and policy makers. We also identify some key methodological issues that behavioral public administration scholars need to consider and address as the use of experiments becomes more common in public administration research. Finally, we encourage public administration scholars interested in behavioral research questions to do more to contribute to broader management and organizational behavior research.
Justice and Tyranny: Bringing “Rural” Back into the Sociology of Food and Agriculture
Authors: Tanaka Keiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the current polarizing political climate, what constitutes just has become increasingly questioned and debated in the public arena. Tyrants seem everywhere to shape people's understanding of who belongs in communities and nation‐states and, therefore, who should be given a voice and what should be valued. This paper unpacks the mechanisms of tyranny and the pursuit of justice in the global agri‐food system. The first section discusses justice and tyranny as sociological concepts and practice, followed by the second section that examins two types of tyrannies in the globalized agri‐food system: neoliberal capitalism and community. I argue that neoliberal capitalism and community are the logics for organizing social relations and the sites of enacting tyrannies and justice. Third, I argue that in the tension between capitalism and community in achieving justice, rural becomes critical both theoretically and empirically for understanding the current transformations and the future challenges for transforming agri‐food systems. Finally, the paper concludes with possible contributions of rural sociological imaginations to shaping the discourse of justice and explore the process of justice.
Moral reframing: A technique for effective and persuasive communication across political divides
Authors: Feinberg Matthew , Willer Robb 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe political landscape in the US and many other countries is characterized by policy impasses and animosity between rival political groups. Research finds that these divisions are fueled in part by disparate moral concerns and convictions that undermine communication and understanding between liberals and conservatives. This “moral empathy gap” is particularly evident in the moral underpinnings of the political arguments members of each side employ when trying to persuade one another. Both liberals and conservatives typically craft arguments based on their own moral convictions rather than the convictions of the people they target for persuasion. As a result, these moral arguments tend to be unpersuasive, even offensive, to their recipients. The technique of moral reframing—whereby a position an individual would not normally support is framed in a way that is consistent with that individual's moral values—can be an effective means for political communication and persuasion. Over the last decade, studies of moral reframing have shown its effectiveness across a wide range of polarized topics, including views of economic inequality, environmental protection, same‐sex marriage, and major party candidates for the US presidency. In this article, we review the moral reframing literature, examining potential mediators and moderators of the effect, and discuss important questions that remain unanswered about this phenomenon.
Genome‐wide sequence information reveals recurrent hybridization among diploid wheat wild relatives
Authors: Bernhardt Nadine , Brassac Jonathan , Dong Xue , Willing Eva‐Maria , Poskar C. Hart , Kilian Benjamin , Blattner Frank R. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryMany conflicting hypotheses regarding the relationships among crops and wild species closely related to wheat (the genera Aegilops, Amblyopyrum, and Triticum) have been postulated. The contribution of hybridization to the evolution of these taxa is intensely discussed. To determine possible causes for this, and provide a phylogeny of the diploid taxa based on genome‐wide sequence information, independent data were obtained from genotyping‐by‐sequencing and a target‐enrichment experiment that returned 244 low‐copy nuclear loci. The data were analyzed using Bayesian, likelihood and coalescent‐based methods. D statistics were used to test if incomplete lineage sorting alone or together with hybridization is the source for incongruent gene trees. Here we present the phylogeny of all diploid species of the wheat wild relatives. We hypothesize that most of the wheat‐group species were shaped by a primordial homoploid hybrid speciation event involving the ancestral Triticum and Am. muticum lineages to form all other species except Ae. speltoides. This hybridization event was followed by multiple introgressions affecting all taxa except Triticum. Mostly progenitors of the extant species were involved in these processes, while recent interspecific gene flow seems insignificant. The composite nature of many genomes of wheat‐group taxa results in complicated patterns of diploid contributions when these lineages are involved in polyploid formation, which is, for example, the case for tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. Our analysis provides phylogenetic relationships and a testable hypothesis for the genome compositions in the basic evolutionary units within the wheat group of Triticeae.
Evaluación clínica del protocolo de manejo de la analgesia peridural obstétrica en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
Authors: Díaz Mescías Adriana M. , Delgado Carlos M. , Sarmiento Lina , Ramírez Duque Pablo , Pulido García Liza Alexandra 
Published: December 2019

Introducción: la mejor analgesia para el dolor del trabajo de parto es la neuroaxial. Existe evidencia para el uso de concentraciones menores de anestésico local combinado con opioides, vía peridural, a las utilizadas en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Por esta razón se quiso evaluar el protocolo de analgesia obstétrica ofrecida actualmente en el hospital. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en mujeres en trabajo de parto, a las que se les colocó analgesia peridural en bolos según requerimiento, utilizando una mezcla de 8-10 ml de bupivacaína al 0,1 % y fentanilo 2 μg/cm3. El dolor se evaluó con la escala visual análoga a los 30, 120, 240 min y primera hora posparto.Resultados: el dolor a los 30 min de iniciada la analgesia disminuyó de severo a leve, y en las siguientes mediciones el dolor se encontró en un rango de moderado o severo. En cuanto a bloqueo motor e hipotensión a los 30 min, los hallazgos son superiores a los reportados en la literatura. Respecto a efectos secundarios, vía del parto, resultados neonatales y satisfacción materna, los resultados son similares a los encontrados en la literatura.Conclusiones: la mezcla analgésica utilizada en el hospital controla adecuadamente el dolor después de la primera dosis; sin embargo, falla en el mantenimiento posterior de una analgesia óptima, por lo que es necesario optimizar el proceso de seguimiento analgésico.
Valoración del riesgo de violencia en urgencias psiquiátricas
Authors: Benavides-Gélvez Rafael E. , Escobar-Córdoba Franklin , Molina-Ojeda Vicente Xicohténcatl 
Published: December 2019

En el contexto del servicio de urgencias, la valoración de riesgos prevalece, y en el caso de las urgencias psiquiátricas, además del riesgo vital del paciente, es necesario velar por la seguridad e integridad de familiares, otros pacientes, personal asistencial y locaciones, por lo que se vuelve primordial la evaluación del riesgo de violencia del paciente. Aun cuando el concepto de riesgo de violencia, antes de peligrosidad, es de mayor uso en estrados judiciales y ambientes forenses, toma importancia en la valoración inicial del paciente psiquiátrico en urgencias para definir su diagnóstico y tratamiento, y disminuir el impacto social que acarrea la conducta violenta. La tecnología empleada en la valoración del riesgo de violencia tiene una mayor capacidad predictiva del comportamiento violento futuro, que la lograda el evaluar peligrosidad. A continuación se presentan los fundamentos de las técnicas de valoración del riesgo de violencia y los instrumentos adaptados al español para su aplicación en la práctica psiquiátrica diaria y no solo en la de urgencias. Se describen brevemente la escala VRAG, la PCL-R, el HCR-20, el SVR-20, la SARA y el SAVRY, así como sus aplicaciones específicas.
Anticoagulación estratificada por riesgos
Authors: Méndez-López Max , Grant-Villegas Stanley , Romero-Polini Andre 
Published: December 2019

El tromboembolismo venoso es una causa de morbilidad y mortalidad importante en todo el mundo. El manejo adecuado de los pacientes anticoagulados es fundamental en su evolución. El establecimiento de clínicas de anticoagulación ha demostrado reducir complicaciones y mejorar el manejo de los pacientes que reciben esta terapia cuando se toman decisiones basadas en la evidencia. La presente revisión pretende plantear una guía para facilitar las decisiones, estratificando pacientes según el riesgo de sangrado utilizando escalas previamente validadas para el manejo de pacientes con problemas trombóticos.
Principios básicos del funcionamiento de la radiofrecuencia en el tratamiento del dolor crónico
Authors: Acevedo González Juan Carlos , Gómez Édgar Augusto 
Published: December 2019

El dolor crónico es una de las patologías que afecta con mayor frecuencia a la población general. Su tratamiento requiere usar opciones tanto farmacológicas como no farmacológicas. A pesar del tratamiento, son muchos los pacientes que sufren diariamente de dolor. A partir del conocimiento de la electricidad y de su espectro de ondas eléctricas y magnéticas, surge su aplicación en medicina. Las ondas de radiofrecuencia, al ser aplicadas sobre tejidos, producen modificaciones en su estructura molecular que pueden cambiar el patrón de funcionamiento de los nervios que conducen el dolor. Esta es una revisión sobre el origen de la radiofrecuencia y su aplicación en el tratamiento del dolor.
Challenges and Solutions in Process Analysis of Large Natural Gas Pipeline Network
Authors: Xinze Li , Peien Du , Wen Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
As the frame of national natural gas pipeline network and multi-source mixed gas supply system have been established, interconnecting existing and new pipeline networks is imperative. National Pipeline Company is promoting operation mode of “one network in the whole country” and “one network in the whole province” that will further improve the operation efficiency of the pipeline network and reduce transportation cost. Under these circumstances, traditional single pipeline process analysis model applied by most engineering consulting companies will no longer adapt to the large pipeline network operation model. This paper takes preliminary study at engineering consulting perspective on the challenges and solutions of natural gas pipeline network process analysis based on pipeline network simulation and taking one gas software application as example. It provides reference for improving design workflow, improving design efficiency and ensuring safe and efficient operation of pipeline network.
Piezoelectric Actuation to Reduce Pump Flow Ripple
Authors: Hagstrom Nathan , Harens Michael , Chatterjee Arpan , Creswick Matthew 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pump flow ripple is a source of noise and pressure fluctuation that can result in unwanted behavior and failure of a hydraulic system. The intent of this paper is to present and model a novel method to reduce flow ripple using piezoelectric actuators, which are currently limited to applications in micro-scale pumps. The paper presents two methods for reducing pump flow ripple in a hydraulic system. The first method uses a piezoelectric actuated valve which governs the pump displacement. The second method employs a piezoelectric actuated cylinder that acts directly on the outlet fluid to reduce the flow ripple from the pump. Method one was not able to reduce the flow ripple due to the bandwidth limitations of the swash plate actuation cylinder. Method two was able to reduce the flow ripple significantly. Further improvements on method two were achieved by increasing the number and size of the piezoelectric actuated cylinders acting at the pump outlet. After optimization, it was found that method two was found to decrease pump ripple by up to 53.5% from the baseline pump output. Though method one is largely unsuccessful, it is found that method two is successful and becomes more effective as the number and size of the piezoelectric actuated cylinders increase.
Modeling and Optimization Study of a Tightly Integrated Rotary Electric Motor-Hydraulic Pump
Authors: Bohach Garrett R. , Nishanth  , Severson Eric , Van de Ven James D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To meet the growing trend of electrification of mechanical systems, this paper presents a compactly integrated electric motor and hydraulic pump. The proposed application for this machine requires high flow rates at low pressure differentials and four quadrant operation. The hydraulic pump architecture selected for this machine is a radial ball piston pump. An inside impinged version of this architecture allows for efficient filling of the chambers and is radial balanced, both of which allow highspeed operation for increased power density. The radial ball piston pump is less expensive to manufacture and is radially more compact than a standard radial cylindrical piston pump. A model of the pump and the integrated electric motor have been created to study scaling relationships and drive detailed design and optimization. The scaling study considers how displacement is affected by pump diameter, and how the diameter and required torque change with angular velocity. The detailed model considers the effect of valve timing, piston-cylinder clearance, and pump geometry on the efficiency. The model is then exercised in an optimization of the machine parameters.
Effects of Oil Contamination Level, Flow Rate and Viscosity on Pressure Drop Development and Dirt Holding Capacity of Hydraulic Filter
Authors: Jokinen Anton , Calonius Olof , Pietola Matti , Gorle Jagan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In hydraulic systems, the presence of foreign material in the system oil accounts for the majority of system troubles due to mechanical wear of components, sticking of different parts etc. Therefore, it is essential to maintain an adequate cleanliness level of the fluid at all times through filtration. Mechanical filters are used for this purpose, to separate solid particles from the system oil. As a hydraulic filter gets accumulated with dirt throughout its service life, the pressure drop over the filter element increases. This pressure drop is typically used for determining the lifetime of a filter element: once a predetermined pressure drop at certain flow conditions has been reached, the filter has accumulated enough dirt to require servicing or replacement.
In this paper, a correlation model has been developed to describe the effects of flow and fluid properties on the dirt holding capacity and the service life duration of a hydraulic filter. For this purpose, extensive laboratory tests have been carried out in order to measure the pressure drop development of a filter unit at different oil flow rates, viscosities and gravimetric contamination levels.
The work in this paper has been done as part of the initial research for investigating the effects of different flow and fluid parameters on hydraulic filtration. The aim of the overall research project is to develop an IoT-enabled smart filter unit that could predict its remaining lifetime, and estimate the condition of the system oil as well.
Lumped Parameter Modeling of Counterbalance Valves Considering the Effect of Flow Forces
Authors: Sciancalepore Annalisa , Vacca Andrea , Pena Oscar , Weber Steven T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The lumped parameter approach based on equations describing of the physical behavior of the system still represents one of the most convenient way to simulate hydraulic control systems. The key advantages of this approach are given by its intrinsic simulation swiftness as well as the ease of deriving state space formulations for controller design purposes. However, the common limitation of lumped parameter models is the high level of simplification of for certain physical aspects. For the case of hydraulic control valves with complex geometry, the flow forces are usually one of the most difficult aspects to describe accurately.
The present paper presents a lumped parameter model for counterbalance valves, which includes an accurate analytical approach to model the effect of the flow forces based acting on the valve poppet and piston. The model is based on a classic control volume scheme for the description of the flow through the valve, and it is coupled with a dynamic model for the descriptions of the motion of the moving parts inside the valve. The novelty of the proposed approach consists on the analytical description of the flow forces, which is based on fluid momentum considerations.
After describing the modeling approach, the paper details the authors’ efforts for experimentally validate the model on the basis of tests performed on actual components. The comparison between simulation results and experimental data confirms the validity of the proposed model and also highlights the importance of accounting for flow forces while describing the operation of counterbalance valves, particularly for cases of high flow rates.
Estimation of Prepressure in Hydraulic Piston Accumulators for Industrial Wind Turbines Using Multi-Model Adaptive Estimation
Authors: Sørensen Fredrik F. , von Benzon Malte S. , Klemmensen Sigurd S. , Schmidt Kenneth , Liniger Jesper 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Failures in pitch systems may cause fatal damage to industrial wind turbines. One of the main reasons for failures in pitch systems is gas leakages of hydraulic accumulators. Due to the limited accessibility of offshore turbines, automated fault detection algorithms potentially increase turbine availability. The gas leakage is detected without downtime by using a model-based approach together with a bank and extended Kalman filters (EKF’s). The residual is analyzed using multi-model adaptive estimation (MMAE). The applied accumulator model relies on a thermal time constant describing the heat flux from the gas to the surroundings. The thermal time constant has been empirically derived from a prepressure of 50 to 172 bar. The fault detection algorithm is tested experimentally in a laboratory on a 25 liters piston accumulator using a load scenario obtained from real turbine data and a prepressure range of 50–140 bar. The Bank of EKF’s can classify the prepressure within a range and thereby detect if a gas leakage has occurred before it results in failure.