bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron-Photocatalyzed Decarboxylative Oxygenation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Denkler Luca Mareen , Shekar Meghana Aladahalli , Bunescu Ala 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarboxylic acids, a bench-stable, readily available, and structurally diverse class of compounds, represent ideal starting materials for organic synthesis. In this article, we highlight an iron-catalyzed, decarboxylative, C(sp3)–O bond-forming reaction that takes place under mild, photocatalytic, base-free conditions using 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) derivatives as oxygenation reagents. The reaction is enabled by the ability of iron complexes to generate carbon-centered radicals directly from carboxylic acids through a sequence involving a photoinduced carboxylate-to-iron charge transfer, homolysis, and loss of carbon dioxide. The developed transformation displays exquisite substrate tolerance and was applied to various bioactive molecules. We performed an extensive mechanistic investigation through kinetic studies; electrochemistry, EPR, UV/Vis, and HRMS analyses; and DFT calculations. Those studies suggest that TEMPO plays three different roles in the reaction: it acts as an oxygenation reagent, serves as an oxidant to regenerate the Fe catalyst, and functions as an internal base for carboxylic acid deprotonation. The resulting TEMPO adducts are versatile synthons that can be subsequently utilized in C–C and C–heteroatom bond-forming reactions employing commercially available organophotocatalysts and nucleophilic reagents.1	Introduction2	Background on the LMCT Reactivity of Iron Complexes3	Direct Iron-Photocatalyzed Decarboxylative Oxygenation: Reaction Concept4	Substrate Scope Assessment of Decarboxylative Oxygenation5	Mechanistic Considerations6	Conclusion
Is the Otolithic Function Affected in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome?
Authors: Ozses Merve , Mungan Durankaya Serpil , Guneri Enis A. , Öztura İbrahim , Ecevit Mustafa C. , Ellidokuz Hülya , Kirkim Günay 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background While cardiovascular and neurological diseases induced by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) hypoxia are well established, the association between neuro-otological diseases and OSAS is not entirely understood. Vestibular and audiological tests have been used to evaluate the degeneration of neurons in the brainstem caused by recurrent hypoxia.
Purpose Evaluation of the vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) test findings applied to detect the possible influence on the vestibular reflex arc due to hypoxia in patients diagnosed with OSAS using Activity-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scales determination of scores.
Research Design This was a cross-sectional study.
Study Sample Participants aged 18 to 60 who underwent polysomnography due to snoring/sleep apnea were divided into an OSAS, and a control group of subjects were also included. Each group consisted of 20 participants.
Data Collection and Analysis All participants were evaluated with cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) tests. The groups were compared regarding variables such as the rate of oVEMP and cVEMP waves obtained, the interval between the waves, and the latency and amplitude. Also, BBS and ABC scales were applied to all participants.
Results The cVEMP (50%) and oVEMP (45%) response rates and amplitudes were significantly lower in the OSAS group. No significant difference was found between the groups when comparing other VEMP parameters. However, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the ABC and BBS scores in the OSAS group.
Conclusion The identification of VEMP alterations in the OSAS group is a clear indication that the vestibular reflex pathways may be adversely affected by hypoxia. Personal rehabilitation programs can be created by evaluating activities of daily living with the ABC and static and dynamic balances with BBS in patients with OSAS.
Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding (Nonvariceal): Concepts and Technique
Authors: Marri Uday Kumar , Singh Jagadeesh R. , Pal Partha , Modak Shreeyash 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is defined as bleeding from the GI tract anywhere distal to the ligament of Treitz. It has multiple causes, including colonic diverticula, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease, and neoplasms. LGIB presents a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from acute presentations with massive bleeding to insidious presentations with chronic, low-grade, intermittent bleeding. Although LGIB is less common and generally less severe compared with upper GI bleeding (UGIB), approximately 10 to 15% of cases eventually require endovascular intervention. Because of the unique vascular anatomy and potential complications, it often necessitates more specialized endovascular skills compared with UGIB. Embolization of LGIB carries a higher risk of ischemic complications compared with UGIB, as the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery have a less rich collateral supply compared with the celiac trunk. The management of LGIB depends on its etiology, location, and severity. A multidisciplinary team approach, including gastroenterologists, surgeons, and interventional radiologists, is vital for achieving the best possible outcomes for these patients. With advances in microcatheter technology and newer embolic agents, interventional radiologist plays an increasingly important role in LGIB. Interventional radiologists managing these patients should have good knowledge of mesenteric arterial anatomy, the properties of different embolic agents, and basic principles of superselective embolization. In this comprehensive review, we discuss how to approach a patient with LGIB and the role of the interventional radiologist in these patients. Furthermore, we delve into endovascular techniques and concepts for superselective embolization and various embolic agents used in LGIB.
2024 Position Statement on the Use of Different Diagnostic Methods for Sleep Disorders in Adults – Brazilian Sleep Association
Authors: Palombini Luciana de Oliveira , Assis Márcia , Drager Luciano Ferreira , Mello Luciane Impelliziere Luna de , Pires Gabriel Natan , Zancanella Edilson , Santos-Silva Rogério 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction The current document represents the official position of Associação Brasileira do Sono (ABS; Brazilian Sleep Association) on the application of different sleep studies and provides specific recommendations for the use of different types of polysomnography (PSG) and respiratory polygraphy.
Materials and Methods The present document was based on existing guidelines. The steering committee discussed its findings and developed recommendations and contraindications, which were refined in discussions with the advisory committee. Adaptations were made based on professional experience, pathophysiological knowledge, and theoretical reasoning, especially to cover topics not discussed in previous guidelines or to adapt recommendations to the context and current practices in Brazil.
Results A total of 55 recommendations were made, covering the following domains: professional requirements for the requisition and interpretation of sleep studies (n = 7); eligibility for different sleep studies (n = 9); diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB; n = 5); diagnosis of SDB in special conditions (n = 3); diagnosis of SDB in association with other sleep disorders and comorbidities (n = 3); sleep studies on the follow-up of patients with SDB (n = 9); sleep studies for positive air pressure titration (n = 3); diagnosis of other sleep disorders (n = 10); and sleep studies on other conditions (n = 6).
Conclusion The selection of the type of sleep study should be made carefully, considering resource constraints, clinical suspicion of moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and individual patient needs, among other factors. It is crucial that health professionals receive appropriate training and board certification in sleep science, thus being able to determine the most suitable diagnostic method, understand their indications and limitations, and assure an accurate diagnosis for each patient.
Altemeier Procedure for Complete Rectal Prolapse: An Operation for all Ages and its Long-Term Functional Outcomes
Authors: Murugesan Thamarai Kannan , Srinivasan Karthikeyan , Pillai Sastha Ahanatha , Ramasamy Villalan , Mikkilineni Bharani Krishna Prasad Chowdary , Sreepathi Venkkatesh , Subbareddiar Padmanabhan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes in patients treated by Altemeier's procedure for complete rectal prolapse.
Methods Records of 40 patients who underwent Altemeier's procedure for complete rectal prolapse between January 2013 to June 2023 were analyzed. The median duration of post operative follow-up was 48 months (ranges- 6 months to 10 years). Postoperatively, fecal incontinence, constipation and recurrence were analyzed.
Results The median age was 45 (13-75) years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1. Among forty patients, five patients had recurrent rectal prolapse. Out of forty, nine patients underwent emergency Altemeier's procedure. The median time taken for the procedure was 120 (80-155) minutes. The median postoperative length of hospital stay was 9 days. Three patients (7.5%) had Grade I anastomosis leak. All patients subsequently developed anastomotic stricture and were managed with periodic anal dilatation. There was no mortality. Postoperatively, constipation reduced from 25% to 7.5% and fecal incontinence reduced from 37.5% to 10%. There was no recurrence in our study.
Conclusion The Altemeier procedure is a safe and effective procedure in both elderly and young patients presenting with complete rectal prolapse. It was associated with minimal morbidity and good long-term functional outcomes.
Impact of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, Climate, and Air Pollution on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wesley Shaun R. , Gallo Mary , Apata Tejumola , Dis Jane van , Hollenbach Stefanie J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEnvironmental pollutants, including endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), air pollution, and climate change, are increasingly recognized for their potential impact on pregnancy outcomes. EDCs, found in pesticides, industrial chemicals, and personal care products, are associated with preterm birth and fetal growth restriction, primarily through hormonal interference. Air pollution, notably PM2.5, NO2, and O3, has been linked to increased rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth. Climate factors, such as extreme heat, elevate risks of pregnancy loss and preterm birth, with significant impacts on vulnerable populations across diverse socioeconomic and geographic regions. These exposures contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption. The interplay among these environmental factors underscores the need for integrated, longitudinal studies to understand their combined effects on pregnancy outcomes better. Future research should focus on region-specific impacts, cumulative exposure, and policy-driven interventions to mitigate these environmental risks, especially in vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by these hazards. This scoping review synthesizes recent findings from 2019 to 2024 to highlight these associations and identify research gaps.
Making death through producing life: Necrovalue and the political economy of death
Authors: Barla Josef 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article explores how advances in synthetic biology and genetic engineering transform the relationship between life and death under contemporary biocapitalism. Discussing two cases of synthetically produced mosquitoes designed to combat vector-borne diseases by targeting their own species, the article contends that these organisms function not only as (lively) commodities but also as metabolically working bodies. These mosquitoes, as the article shows, engage in a specific form of labor, termed ‘metabolic death work,’ which aims at the eradication of fellow members of their species, thereby generating a unique form of value, introduced as ‘necrovalue.’ Complementing the notion of ‘biovalue,’ the concept of necrovalue highlights how death is reimagined as a site of value production in molecular biology and beyond. By applying these concepts to the analysis of the two cases of synthetically produced organisms, this article shows how death enters the realm of the political economy in novel ways as capital gains full control over the metabolic and reproductive capacities of engineered life forms.
Social marginalization: A scoping review of 50 years of research
Authors: Fluit Sam , Cortés-García Laura , von Soest Tilmann 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite growing interest in social marginalization, the concept lacks a common and clear definition. Using a scoping review method, this paper systematically analyzed 1121 papers identified in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, spanning 50 years of research. The results show a diffusively expanding research field that covers 17 topics of social marginalization and identifies 12 socially marginalized groups. Health was the most frequent topic, with immigrants and minorities being the most targeted study population. From the extensive body of research, 97 unique definitions of social marginalization were extracted. These definitions were analyzed and synthesized into four themes, and subsequently integrated into a new definition. We defined social marginalization as a multifaceted concept that refers to a context-dependent social process of “othering”—where certain individuals or groups are systematically excluded based on societal norms and values—and the resulting experience of disadvantage. This review addresses recent academic calls for clarity by promoting a unified understanding of social marginalization. Moreover, we provide guidelines for both research and policy interventions aimed at addressing this critical issue.
Ultrathin electrospun nanofibrous membranes based on poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)
Authors: Souibgui M. , Morávková Z. , Georgievski O. Pop , Hodan J. , Thottappali M. A. , Cimrová V. , Dvořáková J. , Proks V. , Studenovska H. 
Published: December 2024

Ultrathin electrospun nanofibrous membranes (NfMs) based on poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PBLG) were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the production of a high-quality, bead-free nanofibrous membrane. The membrane thicknesses, ranging from 1.7 to 4.5 μm, were found to correlate directly with membrane porosity. Raman scattering analysis was utilized to investigate the conformation of the PBLG nanofibrous membrane and to assess the effects of addition of 1 wt. % trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) into the PBLG solutions, as well as the impact of annealing at 70 °C. In addition, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization was performed to elucidate the chemical composition of the PBLG nanofibrous membrane. The Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra indicated the characteristic α-helical conformation in both the PBLG solution and the PBLG nanofibrous membrane. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of Raman band profiles proved the absence of TFA after annealing, supporting the hypothesis of TFA evaporation post-annealing, which was subsequently confirmed by the XPS results. In addition, the results from the small punch test revealed a significant correlation between membrane thickness and stiffness, indicating that increased thickness enhances stiffness. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the structural and compositional properties of PBLG NfMs, laying the groundwork for future investigations into their potential applications in the field of tissue engineering.
High-temperature non-equilibrium atom–diatom collisional energy transfer
Authors: Zhao Xiaorui , Xu Xuefei , Xu Haitao 
Published: December 2024

The change of the vibrational energy within a molecule after collisions with another molecule plays an essential role in the evolution of molecular internal energy distributions, which is also the limiting process in the relaxation of gases toward equilibrium. Here, we investigate the energy transfer between the translational motion and the vibrational motion of the diatom during the atom–diatom collision, the simplest case involving the transfer between inter-molecular and intra-molecular energies. We are interested in the situation when the translational temperature of the gas is high, in which case, there are significant probabilities for the vibrational energy to change over widely separated energy levels after a collision. Data from quasi-classical trajectory simulations of the N + N2 system with ab initio potential energies suggest that the transition probability dependence on the collisional energy possesses an “activation-saturation” behavior and can be described by a simple model. The model allows for explicit evaluation of the vibrational state-to-state transition rate coefficients, from which the evolution of the vibrational energy distribution from any initial conditions can be solved by using the master equation approach. An example of the vibrational energy relaxation in the N + N2 system mimicking the gas behind strong shocks in a hypersonic flow is shown and the results are in good agreement with the available data.
Exploring the potential of textually‑enhanced captioned video to
direct learners’ attention to challenging sound contrasts
Authors: Fouz-González Jonás , Mora Joan C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of textually-enhanced
captioned video to direct EFL learners’ attention to a difficult L2 vowel
contrast (English /æ/-/ʌ/) while watching a 30-minute episode of
Ted Lasso. Spanish EFL learners (N = 89) were randomly assigned
to five different viewing conditions: unenhanced captions (1); enhanced captions
with /æ/ and /ʌ/ in two different colours with the target words either in
phonetic symbols (2) or orthography (3); or with /æ/ and /ʌ/ in the same colour,
either in phonetic symbols (4) or orthography (5). The participants’ eye
movements were recorded with a Tobii TX-1200 eye-tracker. The textual
enhancement implemented was effective in directing learners’ attention to the
target words and attention was generally maintained during the episode. The
enhanced conditions promoted higher fixation rates and durations than the
unenhanced one. Additionally, the participants’ answers to a post-viewing
questionnaire revealed that they considered these types of enhancement useful to
help them spot instances of the target sounds and that the captions were not
overwhelming.
Trap density estimation for TDDB testing in SiC power MOSFETs
Authors: Luo Houcai , Lu Kang , Zheng Kai , Chen Xianping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The trap density estimation of SiC power MOSFETs in time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) was investigated using experiments and TCAD simulations. The gate leakage current (I
GSS) under negative voltage was measured and a current spike was found which was linearly shifted with TDDB stress. Based on a four-state nonradiative multi-phonon defect capture model, the mechanism and modeling of the I
GSS current spike was studied. Based on TCAD simulations, the characteristics of the gate oxygen donor traps, including trap energy level, trap density, and position distribution, were estimated, and the trap density model for the TDDB experiment was proposed and verified. This study may contribute to the estimation of trap density in SiC MOSFETs.
Prediction of quaternary SnGeS2As4 monolayer as a promising photocatalyst for water splitting: a DFT study
Authors: Trung Pham D , Tong Hien D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The SnGeS2As4 monolayer was studied by first-principles calculations to estimate its potential for use as a photocatalyst in the water splitting process. The stability of this structure is confirmed based on the analysis of its phonon dispersion and AIDM simulations. The electronic features including density of states (DOS), band structure, and Bader charge were calculated. These data show the role of each constituent element in the formation of covalent

π
−

and

σ
−

bonds, which play an important role in stabilizing the buckled honeycomb structure. In addition, the DOS and band structure also provide information regarding the high light absorption rate

α
(
ω
)

of 105–106 cm−1. The positions of valence band maximum and conduction band minimum are suitable for generation of hydrogen and oxygen gases. The SnGeS2As4 monolayer also has an optimal work function of 5.16 eV for the water splitting process and a rather high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency

η

STH

′

= 13.11%. It is worth noting that SnGeS2As4 monolayers with strains ranging from −2% to 6% are still capable of triggering redox reactions in the water splitting process. Moreover, the tensile strains slightly increase the light absorption rates. Such characteristics not only make the SnGeS2As4 monolayer a suitable photocatalyst for water splitting but also ensures its performance in a wider range of applications.
Large scale Raman spectrum calculations in defective 2D materials using deep learning
Authors: Malenfant-Thuot Olivier , Shaaban Kabakibo Dounia , Blackburn Simon , Rousseau Bruno , Côté Michel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We introduce a machine learning prediction workflow to study the impact of defects on the Raman response of 2D materials. By combining the use of machine-learned interatomic potentials, the Raman-active Γ-weighted density of states method and splitting configurations in independant patches, we are able to reach simulation sizes in the tens of thousands of atoms, with diagonalization now being the main bottleneck of the simulation. We apply the method to two systems, isotopic graphene and defective hexagonal boron nitride, and compare our predicted Raman response to experimental results, with good agreement. Our method opens up many possibilities for future studies of Raman response in solid-state physics.
The interplay of energy and motion of coupled pendulums: a high school student exploration
Authors: Soin Sahej , Batra Somya , Maurya Vishal K , Pulikkotil Jiji , Kumar Ajeet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The experiment of string-coupled pendulums offers high school students a hands-on opportunity to explore fundamental principles of physics while developing critical skills. In this experiment, students investigate how an oscillating pendulum transfers kinetic energy to a stationary one, resulting in a cyclical exchange marked by role reversals. The motion of the coupled pendulum is studied using a simple smartphone equipped with free software. Pendulums of equal length and point-mass are arranged in three different configurations: pendulum on a fixed rod, pendulum on a string, and string-coupled pendulum. These configurations not only exhibit varying time periods but also significantly different amplitude decay patterns. Despite inevitable energy dissipation due to frictional losses and air resistance, the oscillations exhibited by the coupled pendulums clearly demonstrate the interplay between synchronization and energy transfer. This initial hands-on investigation serves as a springboard for a more comprehensive exploration of the captivating energy transfer mechanisms and dynamical characteristics inherent to string-coupled pendulums.