bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Bridge Piers Reinforced with Shape Memory Alloys in Plastic Hinge Region: Part 1 – Statistical Analysis
Authors: Thakkar Kanan , Parghi Anant 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bridge piers are the most perilous structural elements under the effect of enormous earthquake ground motions. The large residual deformation of a bridge pier turns out into the failure of an entire bridge structure. Thus, in the last decades, numerous novel materials were developed to reduce the residual displacement after the post-earthquake events. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is a special class of composite material, which can sustain enormous deformations and reappears to its parent state. The numerical results of SMA-reinforced bridge piers using non-linear finite element tools are compared with the experimental results. Two methods of statistical analysis are adopted for this study: One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) Method, and Full-Factorial Design Method. Three variable material parameters, such as the compressive strength of concrete, the yield strength of steel, and the type of SMA composition are considered. Three levels for each factor are considered. The results of this research are presented in terms of drift values at various performance criteria, i.e., cracking, spalling, yielding, and crushing. Further, the regression analysis is performed to determine the relationship between material properties of SMA-reinforced bridge piers and the drift values at various performance criteria.
Multi response optimization in WEDM of H13 steel using hybrid optimization approach
Authors: Rathod L , Poonawala NS , Rudrapati R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSurface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) are important technological parameters which describe quality of machined surfaces and productivity of machining process. Surface roughness and MRR are significantly influenced by many interactive process parameters dynamically but those are difficult to quantify adequately in any machining process. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is one of the advanced machining processes which used thin wire as cutting tool for creating intricate features on machined parts. In WEDM, optimizing surface roughness(Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) combinedly by controlling process variables namely pulse on time, pulse off time, wire feed, voltage gap, etc, is difficult task and much needed area of research. In the present work, investigation is made to study and optimize the surface roughness of H13 steel in WEDM. L16 orthogonal array of Taguchi methodology has been used to conduct the experiments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied on experimental data to determine the significance of input parameters on surface roughness and MRR. Mathematical relationships are developed to correlate the machining parameters and output responses: surface roughness and MRR. Contour plots have been drawn to illustrate the combined effects of process parameters on output responses. Multi-objective jaya optimization algorithm (MJOA) applied on developed mathematical equations to predict the multi-responses simultaneously. From the study, it is stated that hybridTaguchi method, RSM and MJOA is useful for studying, modeling and optimizing the multiple responses: surface roughness and MRR, simultaneously in WEDM of H13 steel.
Techniques and various efficiency evaluation tests for self-healing cement-based matrix: State-of-the-art
Authors: Kaur Mavjot , Murari Krishna , Kaur Inderpreet 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As the aging leads to dilapidation of reinforced concrete structures due to formation of cracks through which chlorides and other chemical agents promote corrosion. There is need of repair or maintenance of such existing structures. Therefore, self-healing, a leading-edge method for durability enhancement, has gained a lot of importance. In this paper, the various self-healing techniques for concrete, including intrinsic healing, capsule-based healing, vascular healing and also immobilization along with healing mechanism of some materials are reviewed with their comparisons. Moreover, a comprehensive study is also done on the different tests for assessment of self-healing in concrete at macro-scale, micro-scale and nano-scale to determine and characterize healing product and to evaluate their mechanical properties.
Review of Strengthened FRP-confined RC column with various aspect ratios under axial load and high-temperature
Authors: Patel Mayank , Pardeshi Rahul , Thakur Bhairav , Parghi Anant 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In civil and structural engineering, building structures with vigorous stability and strength utilizing economical materials is challenging. Stability of structures during their lifespan is a very demanding endeavor in civil engineering systems. Recent trends are highly focused on high strength materials, strong corrosion-resistance in structural elements, slender structure development, broad span provision, and load reduction. in order to achieve these conditions, composite materials have proved to be a successful aspirant. The fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) possesses novel properties that encourage the researchers to strengthen or restore the structural degradation of the reinforced concrete (RC) columns via confinement. The present study highlighting the different aspects of (FRP) confined (RC) column having different aspect ratios, the axial load, and the high temperature under extensive literature review. The FRP confinement is much more effective in the case of circular columns than sharp-edged rectangular columns. The variation of the cross-sectional aspect ratio (section depth to width ratios) of RC columns plays a vital role in the evaluation of the efficiency of strengthening techniques. In spite of the clear and proven advantages of utilizing FRPs over conventional materials, awareness of the behavior of such composite materials after exposure to high temperature is noticeable and requires more research.
Anaerobic Biological Treatment of Distillery Wastewater – Study on Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Mohite D. D. , Salimath S. S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Various studies have verified that anaerobic treatment with the recovery of biogas appears to be the most promising technology for the treatment of distillery wastewater. The technologies currently used by distilleries for treatment of wastewater are bio-methanation followed by two-stage biological treatment and disposal in watercourses or for utilization on land for irrigation and composting with or without bio-methanation. These technologies treat the wastewater up to a certain extent. However, there are limitations posed by these technologies for full compliance with prescribed pollution control standards. For the better understand the performance of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), anaerobic treatment of distillery effluent having very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) (110000–140000 mg/L) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (55000–65000mg/L) was studied on CSTR. Under various organic loading rates (OLR), optimum conditions for maximum COD removal and biogas generation was found and are observed to be 0.09 kg COD/d to 0.12 kg COD/d OLR hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 14d and volatile fatty acids (VFA) to alkalinity ratio of around 0.2. Maximum COD removal efficiency was found to be around 72%. These performance figures are significant when operating the anaerobic bio digesters for the treatment of distillery effluent. Anaerobic CSTR can effectively be employed for the treatment of distillery effluent, but post-bio-methanation effluent still contains high organic concentration and needs to be treated further to meet the safe and acceptable pollution control limits for disposal into surface water or on land.
Effect of structured surface on contact angle using Sessile Droplet method
Authors: Majumder Biswajit , Katarkar Anil , Bhaumik Swapan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAt the age of energy-crisis, enhancement of boiling heat transfer is the most crucial and advanced investigation field. Effects of surface characteristics, specially, surface wettability on pool boiling is yet to understand. Wetting, the ability of solid surface to reduce surface tension of a liquid in contact, can specify by measuring contact angle. Sessile drop method is a very sensitive process to measure contact angle, mainly used for evaluating, comparing and monitoring test surfaces. In this experimentation, a set of copper surfaces are roughened by emery grit size of 600, 1000, 1500 and 2000. Data on surface roughness (generated by AFM and FEG-SEM) and on dynamic contact angle (by macroscopic contact angle (CA) meter) are used to find relation between them. De-ionized water is used as working fluid to protect submerged secondary heater. In this experimentation, it is observed that advancing contact angle grows for surface roughened with higher emery grit-size.
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Mineral Carbonation Using Alkaline Rich Material
Authors: Desai Janhavi , Sreekeshava K S , Dharek Manish S , Sunagar Prashanth , Ganesh C R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mineral carbonation is the carbonation of alkaline silicate Ca/Mg minerals, which is replica of the regular weathering processes. Mineral carbonation comprises of the reaction between the minerals and carbon dioxide to form a safe and stable mineral carbonate product. The present investigations deal with the usage of industrial alkaline rich waste (IAW) containing considerable amount of metal oxides as the possible raw material for the carbonation process. The suitability of applying the aqueous scheme of mineral carbonation by using steel slag is studied. The material is economical and is available easily near the large point sources of carbon dioxide emissions, and due to the chemical instability tend to react with carbon dioxide. Various process variables were considered to check the extent of carbonation like the temperature, pressure, liquid to solid ratio, reaction time. Chemical analysis was conducted to check the extent of carbonation. The experiments were carried out in artificial carbonation reactor. The particle size of the samples considered was less than 90 microns and distilled water was used as the medium to carry out carbonation. A maximum of 44% of carbonation was achieved for steel slag at a temperature of 100 ˚C, carbon dioxide pressure of 10 Kg/cm2, liquid to solid ratio of 6 and reaction time of 2 hours.
Numerical investigations of stress-deformation responses in fractured paediatric bones with prosthetic bone plates
Authors: Kanu Nand Jee , Patwardhan Devendra , Gupta Eva , Vates Umesh Kumar , Singh Gyanendra Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nearly 25% of paediatric injuries happen due to fractures of femur bones, either under accidental or inflicted conditions. In the present investigation, static analyses are performed for fractured paediatric femur bones of children joined with bone plates using finite element method (FEM) approach to find stresses and deformations in the bone and plate assembly under axial compressive and torsional loadings. The investigation aims to suggest the suitable biomaterial for fracture fixation bone plates modeled using two recently-developed biomaterials such as titanium and magnesium alloys, after studying the stresses and deformations at the fracture spots of the paediatric femur bones of children aged between 1-3 years. The stress-deformation responses are further analyzed in relation to ages of the children.
Thermal Management Materials for Advanced Heat Sinks used in Modern Microelectronics
Authors: Jadhav S V , Pawar P M , Wangikar S S , Bhostekar N N , Pawar S T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Heat sinks are used for dispensing the heat from a system in many modern microelectronic components. It helps in systematically absorbing the heat from the system and dissipating it to the atmosphere, thereby ensuring system performance, extended life and reliability. The material used for the heat transfer device is one of the utmost significant parameter, which decides the size of the heat transfer device and its heat transfer efficiency. Lower values of density, overall cost, and coefficient of thermal expansion along with higher thermal conductivity, are considered as the essential properties required for any heat sink material. Though, the Copper and Aluminium materials are generally observed to be the best materials for a heat sink applications, some of their alloys are also found to be suitable. The manufacturing difficulty, the higher cost involved, comparatively poor thermo-physical properties and insufficient investigation are some of the factors that have limited the use of advanced composites in heat sink applications. A comparative numerical analysis for different thermal management materials like Copper, Aluminium, Al2O3, AlN, and Si3N4, is presented in this paper. COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software is used for the present analysis to check the suitability of these materials for construction of heat sink. Moreover, the study of the cost-effectiveness of the material selected is important before the actual application of that material for heat sinks.
Abrasive Size and Fiber Direction Effects on the Wear Behaviour of CFRP Composite under Rotary Abrasion
Authors: Anandan N , Ramulu M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rotary wear tests were performed on unidirectional graphite fiber reinforced epoxy to study the effect of fiber orientation and abrasive particle size on the wear resistance and mechanism of the graphite/epoxy polymer composite. The tests were performed at a constant load of 1250 grams for 10000 cycles with abrasive particle sizes of 15 and 55 μm using Taber rotary platform abrasion tester. The surface topology and material removed along the wear track were obtained for a range of fiber orientations. The surface roughness was found to decrease as the fiber orientation increased from 0° to 90°. Negative skewness indicated the presence of numerous valleys on the surface. These variations in the surface roughness parameters were more pronounced for higher particle size of 55 μm. Maximum wear occurred at 135°. Further, the wear mechanism and type of damage were identified through SEM micrographs. Distinct damage could be identified at 0°, 45° and 90°.
Recycled Wood Plastic Composites as Floor Panels for Ship Containers
Authors: Grammatikos Sotirios , Bertin Jøsendal Harald , Papatzani Styliani , Boura Orsa , Hajmohammadian Baghban Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Within the framework of this study, we aim at the replacement of plywood as ship containers floor material, with a lighter and friendlier-to-rainforests composite material. Wood fibre-reinforced thermoPlastic Composites (WPC) were developed using double-screw extrusion, consisting of recycled waste wood fibres reinforcing recycled High Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) matrix. This shift to WPCs has the dual positive effect of containers freight reduction as well as elimination of the use of natural resources, radically contributing to climate change measures. Following international shipping standards for container flooring, high quality recycled WCPs were developed. HDPE was found to provide acceptable structural performance. To that respect, WPC blends of HDPE matrix reinforced with 30%, 40% and 50%wt wood fibre flour, were fabricated and subjected to 3 point-bending mechanical testing. It was found that the studied WPCs reveal mechanical performance adequate to qualify as replacements of plywood timber flooring in ship containers.
The Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Ultrathin γ-Fe2O3 Films
Authors: Alraddadi S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Abstract.In this work, iron oxide γ-Fe2O3 films with thickness of 10 nm were grown on a single crystalline MgO (001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy using oxidation of an iron thin film at substrate temperature 250 °C. The crystal structure, electronic, and magnetic properties of the ultrathin epitaxial γ-Fe2O3 films were investigated. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, Low energy electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction confirmed that films were single crystalline quality with the same orientation as the MgO substrates and had only a single phase of γ-Fe2O3. Furthermore, the magnetization measurements at 300 K showed that the ultrathin films were ferromagnetic with a magnetization value of 270 emu cm−3. These results show that it is possible to synthesize high-quality ultrathin γ-Fe2O3 films with good properties, which are promising as a spin filtering tunnel junction and for application in other spintronic devices, using the iron oxidation method.
A Study on the Thermal Properties of Thermal Grease with Copper Nanopowders
Authors: Kang HaNeul , Kim HyunJi , Park SangHyoek , Yang JinHo , Huh Sunchul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electronic devices and main boards have a tendency to increase the internal heat radiation performance for excellent thermal conductive materials, as necessary for miniaturization. In this study, Nano-thermal grease was prepared by mixing copper Nano-powder into thermal grease, one of the types of thermal conductive materials, by volume percentage. The thermal conductivity was measured and analyzed. As a result, the thermal conductivity was excellent in the order of Case 5, Case 4, Case 3, Case 2, Case 1. However, when the copper powder of Case 5 or more samples was added, stirring did not proceed smoothly due to the high viscosity. This is considered to be because the maximum capacity of the thermal grease was exceeded.
An Insight on Gas Migration in Cement Slurry
Authors: Munjal Pankaj , Kian Hau Kong , Chuen Hon Arthur Cheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The fluid invasion basically gas in the cement column is a worldwide problem. This is one of the main challenges of oil well industries to protect the wellbore from fluid invasion. This problem has recognized in the mid of 1970 and basic technologies associated with it has not changed significantly. The leakage of gas can cause to the catastrophic events such as blow out and contamination of adjacent aquifer layers leading to environmental concerns. Although much effort has been put forth on gas migration issues, but no efficient solutions have been established to control it. The main reason for this is some lack of understanding the phase behavior of cement slurry. This may be the reason for that there is no standard available till now for gas migration. This study reviews the various causes of occurrence of gas migration in the cement column. Moreover, this study provides a comprehensive insight on gas migration control additives, which is generally be used in oil well industries to protect the fluid invasion in cement slurry.
Research on Improving the Taper of Hole Processing by Insulation Coating of ECM Cathode
Authors: Bian Jianxiao , Ma Baoji , Qi Lijun , Gao Honghong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Electrochemical machining (ECM) is widely used in metal parts processing because of its high processing speed, good surface quality, no stress and deformation of the workpiece after processing, and no tool loss. However, when using electrochemical drilling, the taper of the hole is large due to the secondary electrolysis phenomenon. Therefore, this paper aims to reduce the taper of the anode workpiece hole by studying the degree of insulation of the cathode sidewall. The processing of the holes is performed by insulating coating the cathode structures to form different conductive radial heights h0. A multiphysics (electric field, flow field, temperature field and mathematical field) model for simulating ECM machining process using a moving cathode tool is proposed in different modes of conductive radial height h0. The mathematical relationship between the height h0 and the taper of the machined hole is established to obtain the optimum machining method.
Epithelioid Hyalinizing Sarcoma With MGA-NUTM1 Fusion
Authors: Underwood Caroline I M , Cardona Diana M , Bentley Rex C , Shen Guomiao , Feng Xiaojun , Jour George , Al-Rohil Rami N 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesSoft tissue sarcomas are a group of tumors derived from the mesenchymal origin. Historically, they have been classified according to morphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. The advent of multiplexed next-generation sequencing (NGS), specifically RNA sequencing, has modified the classification of such tumors and others by determining categorization based on molecular alterations. The NUTM1 rearrangement, previously thought to be present only in carcinomas, has recently been reported in poorly differentiated high-grade sarcomas of the soft tissue. We present the first reported case of an epithelioid hyalinizing sarcoma harboring the MGA-NUTM1 fusion in an acral site.MethodsHistopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular testing were performed on resection tissue.ResultsHistologically, the tumor showed an epithelioid morphology with prominent background hyalinization. Immunohistochemically, the tumor expressed CD99 and nuclear NUT-1. By NGS the tumor harbors MGA-NUTM1 fusion.ConclusionsOur findings support more extensive use of NGS for accurate sarcoma classification and identification of potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, they corroborate the fact that NUTM1-rearranged soft tissue tumors represent a spectrum of heterogeneous morphologic entities. This case also highlights the utility of NUT-1 immunohistochemical study as a possible screening tool for NUTM1-fused sarcomas.
Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Steatohepatitic Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals Novel Distinct Biologic Features
Authors: Van Treeck Benjamin J , Mounajjed Taofic , Moreira Roger K , Orujov Mushfig , Allende Daniela S , Bellizzi Andrew M , Lagana Stephen M , Davila Jaime I , Jessen Erik , Graham Rondell P 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesSteatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma is a distinct variant of hepatocellular carcinoma strongly associated with underlying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The molecular biology of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma is not fully elucidated, and thus we aimed to investigate the molecular underpinnings of this entity.MethodsTranscriptomic analysis using RNAseq was performed on eight tumor-nonneoplastic pairs of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma with comparison to conventional hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptomes curated in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Immunohistochemistry was used to validate key RNA-level findings.ResultsSteatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrated a distinctive differential gene expression profile compared with The Cancer Genome Atlas curated conventional hepatocellular carcinomas (n = 360 cases), indicating the distinctive steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma morphology is associated with a unique gene expression profile. Pathway analysis comparing tumor-nonneoplastic pairs revealed significant upregulation of the hedgehog pathway based on GLI1 overexpression and significant downregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 transcript. Glutamine synthetase transcript was significantly upregulated, and fatty acid binding protein 1 transcript was significantly downregulated and immunohistochemically confirmed, indicating steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma tumor cells display a zone 3 phenotype.ConclusionsSteatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma demonstrates a distinctive morphology and gene expression profile, phenotype of zone 3 hepatocytes, and activation of the hedgehog pathway and repression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, which may be important in tumorigenesis.