bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis C virus alternative reading frame protein (ARFP): Production, features, and pathogenesis
Authors: Mohamadi Mahdi , Azarbayjani Kimia , Mozhgani Sayed‐Hamidreza , Bamdad Taravat , Alamdary Ashkan , Nikoo Hadi Razavi , Hashempour Tayebeh , Hedayat Yaghoobi Mojtaba , Ajorloo Mehdi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarlier observation suggests that hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single‐stranded RNA virus which encodes at least 10 viral proteins. F protein is a novel protein which has been discovered recently. These studies suggest three mechanisms for the production of this protein concerning ribosomal frameshift at codon 10, initial translation at codons 26 and 85 or 87. In this study, the association between protein F and chronicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reviewed. Evidence suggests that humoral immune system can recognize this protein and produce antibodies against it. By detecting antibodies in infected people, investigators found that F protein might have a role in HCV infection causing chronic cirrhosis and HCC as higher prevalence was found in patients with mentioned complications. The increment of CD4+, CD25+, and FoxP3+ T cells, along with CD8+ T cells with low expression of granzyme B, also leads to weaker responses of the immune system which helps the infection to become chronic. Moreover, it contributes to the survival of the virus in the body through affecting the production of interferon. F protein also might play roles in the disease development, resulting in HCC. The existence of F protein affects cellular pathways through upregulating p53, c‐myc, cyclin D1, and phosphorylating Rb. This review will summarize these effects on immune system and related mechanisms in cellular pathways.
Sex‐linked roles of the CRF1 and the CRF2 receptor in social behavior
Authors: Piccin Alessandro , Contarino Angelo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDysfunctional social behavior is a major clinical feature of mood, anxiety, autism spectrum, and substance‐related disorders, and may dramatically contribute to the poor outcome of these diseases. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying social behavior deficits are still largely unknown. The corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) system, a major coordinator of the stress response, has been hypothesized to modulate social behavior. CRF signaling is mediated by two receptor types, termed CRF1 and CRF2. Using the three‐chamber task for sociability (i.e., preference for an unfamiliar conspecific vs. an object), this study demonstrates that CRF2 receptor null mutation (CRF2−/−) reduces sociability in female mice but increases it in male mice. Both female and male CRF2−/− mice display a preference for social odor cues over neutral cues, indicating that sex‐ and CRF2 receptor‐dependent sociability is not due to altered olfaction or impaired social cues discrimination. Moreover, treatment with the CRF1 receptor‐preferring antagonist, antalarmin, consistently induces sociability in non‐social mice but disrupts it in social mice, independently of CRF2 receptor deficiency. Sex, CRF2 receptor deficiency, or antalarmin affect locomotor activity during the three‐chamber test. However, throughout the study CRF1 and CRF2 receptor‐linked sociability is independent of locomotor activity. The present findings highlight major functions for the CRF system in the regulation of social behavior. Moreover, they provide initial evidence of sex‐linked roles for the CRF1 and the CRF2 receptor, emphasizing the importance of sex as a major biological variable to be taken into consideration in preclinical and clinical studies.
Retrospectively assessed subjective effects of initial opioid use differ between opioid misusers with opioid use disorder (OUD) and those who never progressed to OUD: Data from a pilot and a replication sample
Authors: Agrawal Arpana , Jeffries Paul W. , Srivastava A. Benjamin , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Lynskey Michael T. , Heath Andrew C. , Nelson Elliot C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAttempts to identify opioid users with increased risk of escalating to opioid use disorder (OUD) have had limited success. Retrospectively assessed subjective effects of initial opioid misuse were compared in a pilot sample of opioid misusers (nonmedical use ≤60 times lifetime) who had never met criteria for OUD (N = 14) and heroin‐addicted individuals in treatment for OUD (N = 15). Relative to opioid misusers without a lifetime OUD diagnosis, individuals with OUD reported greater euphoria and other positive emotions, activation, pruritus, and internalizing symptoms. Consistent with these findings, proxy Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) Amphetamine Group, and Morphine Benzedrine Group scale mean item scores were significantly higher in those with OUD. Replication was attempted in opioid misusers with (N = 25) and without OUD (N = 25) who were assessed as part of an ongoing genetic study. We observed similar significant between‐group differences in individual subjective effect items and ARCI scale mean item scores in the replication sample. We, thus confirm findings from prior reports that retrospectively assessed subjective responses to initial opioid exposure differ significantly between opioid users who do, and do not, progress to OUD. Our report extends these findings in comparisons limited to opioid misusers. Additional research will be necessary to examine prospectively whether the assessment of subjective effects after initial use has predictive utility in the identification of individuals more likely to progress to OUD.
Biomechanical comparison of distal femoral fracture fixation: Analysis of non‐locked, locked, and far‐cortical locked constructs
Authors: Riedel Matthew D. , Oppizzi Giovanni , O'Hara Nathan N. , Zhang Chunyang , Koh Kyung , Slobogean Gerard P. , Zhang Li‐Qun , O'Toole Robert V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo assess whether far‐cortical locking (FCL) screws alter the fracture site strain environment and allow shorter bridge plate constructs for supracondylar femoral fractures, we tested the fracture site displacement under force of synthetic left femora with a 5‐cm metaphyseal fracture gap, modeling comminution. Five models of nine constructs were tested (three types of diaphyseal screws [nonlocking, locking, and FCL] and two plate lengths [13 holes and 5 holes]). Long plate models using three or four diaphyseal screws (working length 13.5 or 7.5 cm, respectively) were compared with short plates with three diaphyseal screws (working length 7.5 cm). Models were loaded axially and torsionally; 100 cycles in random order. Primary outcome measures were axial and torsional fracture site stiffness. FCL screws decreased rotational stiffness 19% (P < .01) compared with baseline nonlocking screws in the same plate and working length construct, mirroring the effect (20% decrease in stiffness, P < .01) of nearly doubling the nonlocking construct working length (7.5‐13.5 cm). Similarly, FCL screws decreased axial stiffness 23% (P < .01) in the same baseline comparison. Fracture site displacement under loading comparable to a long working length nonlocked plate construct was achieved using a shorter FCL plate construct. By closely replicating the biomechanical properties of a long plate construct, a fracture site strain environment considered favorable in promoting fracture healing might still be achievable using a shorter plate length. Clinical Significance: It might be possible to optimize fracture site strain environment and displacement under loading using shorter FCL plate constructs. Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 00:00–00, 2020.
Rapid and high‐precision quantitative analysis based on substrate rotation‐enhanced Raman scattering effect
Authors: Liu Shupeng , Hou Zehai , Bao Xiang , Wang Xuetao , Zhang Heng , Li Taihao , Pang Fufei , Chen Zhenyi , Wang Tingyun , Chen Na 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a substrate rotation‐enhanced Raman scattering (SRERS) effect. The substrate, prepared by the technology of texturization and electroplating, is fixed on the motor and rotates with it while collecting Raman signal. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of Raman intensity in multiple measurements is less than 9.1%, which indicates that the Raman signal is stable and reproducible based on the SRERS effect. What is more, this method eliminates the fluctuation of the local electric field intensity caused by the inhomogeneity of the substrate and makes the “equivalent hot spots” distributed uniformly on the whole surface. The quantitative analysis with the Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and the lipid‐soluble drug Oxaprozin (OXA) as the probe respectively has demonstrated that the Raman intensity of R6G at 612 cm−1 with respect to concentration tend to linear ranging from 10−10 to 10−8 mol/L with the correlation coefficient (R2) is more than 0.96, and the Raman intensity of OXA at 1,003 cm−1 with respect to concentration tend to linear ranging from 3.4 * 10−6 to 3.4 * 10−4 mol/L (prepared with 50% v/v ethanol) with the correlation coefficient (R2) is more than 0.97. The mechanism of SRERS is given, and the theory analysis indicates that the Raman signal obtained is the mean of a large number of laser‐scanning points' contributions.
Surgical outcomes of patients with duodenal vs pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors following pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Dong Ding‐Hui , Zhang Xu‐Feng , Lopez‐Aguiar Alexandra G. , Poultsides George , Rocha Flavio , Weber Sharon , Fields Ryan , Idrees Kamran , Cho Clifford , Spolverato Gaya , Maithel Shishir K. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the short‐ and long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (dNETs) vs pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs).MethodPatients undergoing PD for dNETs or pNETs between 1997 and 2016 were identified from a multi‐institutional database. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were evaluated.ResultsAmong 276 patients who underwent PD, 244 (88.4%) patients had a primary pNET, whereas 32 (11.6%) patients had a dNET. Following PD, postoperative morbidity and mortality were comparable. While the total number of lymph nodes examined was similar between the two groups (median, dNETs 15.0 vs pNETs 13.0; P= .648), patients with dNETs had a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) (60.0% vs 38.2%; P = .022) and a larger number of metastatic nodes (median, 3.5 vs 2.0; P = .039). No differences in OS or RFS were noted among patients with dNETs vs pNETs in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Among patients who recurred after PD, patients with dNETs were more likely to recur early (within 2 years, 100% vs 49.2%; P = .029) and at an extrahepatic site (intrahepatic‐only recurrence, 20.0% vs 54.1%; P = 0.142) vs patients with pNETs.ConclusionsPatients with dNETs and pNETs had a similar prognosis following PD. Data on differences in the incidence of LNM, as well as in recurrence time and patterns may help to inform the treatment of these patients.
One‐step hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic nitrogen‐doped graphene for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in environmental water samples
Authors: Wei Tong , Wen Xue , Wu Dan , Shen Jiwei , Wei Yinmao , Wang Chaozhan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide has received extensive attention because of its unique properties and potential applications. In this study, magnetic nitrogen‐doped graphene was prepared by one‐step hydrothermal reaction using urea as the dopant and reductant, and ferroferric oxide nanoparticles were in situ deposited on the surface of the nanohybrids. The magnetic nitrogen‐doped graphene was characterized using various physical and chemical methods. It was used as a new adsorbent for the magnetic solid‐phase extraction of four nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs from the river water. The parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were optimized in detail. Under optimal conditions, this method provided a wide linear range (5–200 ng/mL). The limits of detection were in the range of 1.07–5.10 ng/mL. The recoveries varied from 81.2 to 121.5% with relative standard deviations of less than 10.8%. Overall, we can conclude that the proposed method offers an efficient pretreatment and enrichment and can be successfully applied for the extraction and determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in complex matrices.
Nano‐Kirigami Metasurface with Giant Nonlinear Optical Circular Dichroism
Authors: Tang Yutao , Liu Zhiguang , Deng Junhong , Li Kingfai , Li Jiafang , Li Guixin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn linear optical regime, it is shown that the polarization, amplitude, and phase of light can be easily controlled by using optical metasurfaces, thus enabling the powerful designs of metalenses, high‐efficiency holograms, and so on. In comparison, the manipulation of nonlinear optical processes on the metasurfaces is much more challenging. This is mainly because the metasurface nonlinear source is also modulating the waves emitted from it. Thus, designing nonlinear meta‐atoms with multiple optical functionalities is highly desirable. Herein, the broadband and near‐unity nonlinear optical circular dichroism (CD) of second harmonic generation from a nano‐kirigami plasmonic metasurface is experimentally demonstrated, which is free‐standing with total thickness of about one‐third of the excitation wavelength. The broadband and near unity nonlinear CD is attributed to both the strong CD of fundamental wavelengths and spin‐controlled second harmonic generations from the nano‐kirigami meta‐atoms with threefold rotational symmetries. The proposed nonlinear nano‐kirigami metasurface provides a novel platform for realizing various nonlinear optical functionalities at the nanoscale.
Affect‐based nonconscious signaling: When do consumers prefer negative branding?
Authors: King Dan , Auschaitrakul Sumitra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen do consumers prefer negative branding, and why? One pilot study and four experiments, including an Implicit Association Test measuring nonconscious associations between negative words and dominance, converge on the conclusion that male consumers induced into same‐sex competition send energy‐efficient dominance signals to elicit fear and avoidance from competitors and maintain access over territory or resources. As a result of this competitive state, male consumers show a preference for negatively valenced words that can signal threat to rivals and elicit behavioral avoidance (“negative branding”). The preference for negative branding disappears under four conditions: (a) When dominance signaling is not needed because rivals are not physically dominant (smaller and weaker), (b) When visual associations show that the negative brand is no longer a dominance signal, (c) When male consumers are induced to think about masculinity but not dominance, or (d) When the male consumer has a low individual difference desire for intrasexual competition. Together, our findings contribute to the marketing literature by introducing a novel type of signaling (“dominance signaling”) that is distinct from prestige signaling and the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods. Dominance signaling and its influence on consumer product branding (“dominance goods”), as well as implications for evaluative conditioning, are discussed.
Making the Best of Polymers with Sulfur–Nitrogen Bonds: From Sources to Innovative Materials
Authors: Mutlu Hatice , Theato Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolymers with sulfur–nitrogen bonds have been underestimated for a long time, although the intrinsic characteristics of these polymers offer a myriad of superior properties (e.g., degradation, flame retardancy, film‐forming ability, good solubility in polar solvents, and high refractivity with small chromatic dispersions, among other things) compared to their carbon analogues. The remarkable characteristics of these polymers result from the unique chemical properties of the sulfur–nitrogen bond (e.g., its polar character and the multiple valence states of sulfur), and thus open excellent perspectives for the development of innovative (bio)materials. Accordingly, this review describes the most common chemical approaches toward the efficient synthesis of these ubiquitous polymers possessing diverse sulfur–nitrogen bonds, and furthermore highlights their applications in multiple fields, ranging from biomedicine to energy storage, with the aim of providing an informative perspective on challenges facing the synthesis of sulfur–nitrogen polymers with desirable properties.
Isolation of two novel reassortant H3N6 avian influenza viruses from long‐distance migratory birds in Jiangxi Province, China
Authors: Li Ruiyun , Zhang Tao , Xu Jian , Chang Jianyu , Xu Bing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo novel reassortant avian influenza A (H3N6) viruses were isolated from swan goose in Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China, in 2014. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that these viruses are most likely derived from the Eurasian‐originated H3Ny (N3, N6, N8) and H5N6 viruses circulating among wild and domestic birds. It is noteworthy that H9N2 viruses have contributed PB1 gene to these novel H3N6 viruses. Our findings provide phylogenetic evidence to elucidate the ongoing viral reassortment in the wild bird population in southern China. Active surveillance of avian influenza viruses in Poyang Lake is warranted.
Item Response Theory Analysis of the MDS‐UPDRS Motor Examination: Tremor vs. Nontremor Items
Authors: Tosin Michelle Hyczy de Siqueira , Goetz Christopher G. , Luo Sheng , Choi Dongrak , Stebbins Glenn T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn PD, tremor severity behaves differently from other core motor features. However, the most commonly used assessment of overall motor severity, total MDS‐UPDRS Motor Examination (Part 3) score, does not account for this distinction.ObjectivesTo investigate the Motor Examination (Part 3) using Item Response Theory approaches focusing on sample‐independent strategies that assess how well items measure latent models of PD motor severity.MethodsData from 6,298 PD patients were analyzed with graded response model Item Response Theory approaches involving two analyses all 33 Part 3 items versus the 10 tremor items and 23 bradykinesia, rigidity, gait, and posture items considered separately. The strength of relationship between items and the latent measure of parkinsonian motor severity (discrimination parameter) and calculated thresholds (location parameters) were assessed using the mirt program implemented in R (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).ResultsAnalyzing all Part 3 items together, nontremor items demonstrated good discrimination parameters (mean = 1.83 ± 0.37) and range of thresholds (–1.73 to +4.42), but tremor items had poor discrimination (mean = 0.52 ± 0.76) and thresholds (–0.69 to 14.29). Segregating nontremor from tremor items in two independent analyses provided markedly improved discrimination and location parameters for both.ConclusionsMDS‐UPDRS Part 3 tremor and nontremor items have very different relations to the construct of PD severity. Strongly improved clinimetric properties for Part 3 are obtained when tremor and nontremor items are considered separately. We suggest that evaluating PD motor severity, as an operationalized summary measure, is best attained through separate analyses with tremor and nontremor motor scores. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Bismuth‐doped fiber as Q‐switcher in hafnium bismuth erbium co‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Ahmad Aminah , Harun Sulaiman Wadi , Paul Mukul Chandran , Rusdi M. F. M. , Das Shyamal , Dhar Anirban , Noordin Kamarul Ariffin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a compact, all‐fiber Q‐switched hafnium bismuth erbium co‐doped fiber laser based on bismuth‐doped fiber (BDF) as the saturable absorber (SA). The laser cavity was constructed using a homemade hafnium bismuth erbium co‐doped fiber as gain medium. It was found that stable Q‐switched pulses operating at 1531.74 nm can be readily generated when the 980 nm pump power is raised above the threshold of 96 mW. By increasing the pump power to the maximum power of 198 mW, the repetition rate was tunable from 27.2 to 59.1 kHz while the pulse width reduces from 36.3 to 6.8 μs. At the maximum pump power, the Q‐switched laser produced a pulse energy of 10.1 nJ. The finding provides evidence of the possibility of BDF as an effective SA for Q‐switched laser operating in 1.5 μm region.
Preparation of Polymer Microparticles through Nonaqueous Suspension Polycondensations: Part V—Modeling and Parameter Estimation for Poly(butylene succinate) Polycondensations
Authors: Dutra Luciana , Oechsler Bruno F. , Brandão Amanda L. T. , Lima Rafael C. , Nele Marcio , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPolycondensation polymers are normally produced through bulk and solution polymerization processes, which are characterized by significant mass and heat transfer constraints and difficult polymer purification (when prepared in solution). Therefore, it is desirable to develop industrial processes that can circumvent some of these limitations. Recently, a suspension polycondensation process has been developed, rendering the industrial process simpler and enabling the manufacture of polycondensation polymer microparticles. For this reason, the present work builds a phenomenological model to describe the analyzed suspension polycondensation reactions and estimate the model parameters required to simulate poly(butylene succinate) suspension polycondensations. It is shown that both the suspending medium and the reaction conditions can affect the mass transfer resistance for removal of water and that mass transfer rate coefficients are controlled mainly by reaction temperature and solubility of water in the suspending medium, leading to higher mass transfer rates when polymerizations are carried out in soybean oil (when compared to paraffin) at higher temperatures.
A systematic review of best practices for the perioperative management of abdominal sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Nemirovsky Amy , Herbert Amber S. , Gorman Emily F. , Malik Rena D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways have been shown to reduce surgical morbidity and length of stay across various procedures. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the literature for best practices of ERAS elements in abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC), to determine if there is sufficient evidence to create best practice guidelines for this procedure.Materials and MethodsFollowing the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta‐analysis (PRISMA) statement, we performed a review using Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Eligible articles contained ERAS components and postoperative outcomes of ASC published in English since 1997. Thirty‐five full‐text articles were selected for final qualitative analysis.ResultsPoor functional status before ASC was associated with a longer length of hospital stay. Laparoscopic ASC was associated with a shorter postoperative hospital stay, with no difference between laparoscopic and robotic approaches. Epidural analgesia in addition to spinal anesthesia lowered levels of pain throughout the postoperative stay in laparoscopic ASC. A multimodal bowel regimen shortened time to first bowel movement compared to a single agent regimen. Removing a Foley catheter may lead to sooner first spontaneous void but may result in higher rates of urinary retention and urinary tract infection. Studies investigating preoperative bowel preparation, preanesthesia medication, and multidose antimicrobial prophylaxis did not show significant benefit.ConclusionsBest practices for ASC can be developed based on current findings from the literature and extrapolation of evidence from other surgeries where ASC‐specific elements are missing, with the ability to modify the pathways as new data become available.