bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple‐victim parricides in South Africa, 1990–2019
Authors: Moen Melanie , Shon Phillip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies of homicides in South Africa have examined serial murders and mass killings. While some scholars have examined parricides in African countries such as Ghana and Zimbabwe, few have examined the intersection of parricide and multiple victim homicides in the context of South Africa. This paper examines multiple victim parricides in a South African context using newspapers and court records as data. Eighteen cases of multiple‐victim parricides were identified and analysed. Our findings indicate that multiple victim parricides in South Africa are shaped by residential patterns as well as social and cultural factors that are unique to South Africa that are embodied in the offence characteristics. The implications on the findings are discussed.
Compliance and perception about personal protective equipment among health care workers involved in the surgery of COVID‐19 negative cancer patients during the pandemic
Authors: Prakash Gagan , Shetty Preethi , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Gulia Ashish , Pandrowala Saneya , Singh Lovedeep , Thorat Veena , Patil Vijaya , Divatia Jigeeshu V. , Puri Ajay , Pramesh C. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHealth care workers (HCWs) are at risk of getting infected while at work, for example, operating room (OR), hence it is pertinent that they don all the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize the chance of getting infected.MethodsA COVID‐19 specific briefing and debriefing form was created and used in the OR along with the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist to reinforce the use of appropriate PPE. An audit was subsequently done to understand the compliance to PPE use, followed by a survey based on the findings of the audit to understand the issues related to noncompliance.ResultsThe form was used in 183 out of the 238 (77%) surgeries performed during a months' time. The overall compliance for PPE usage was 96.3%. Noncompliance was seen most often for eye protection (45/567) (P = .01). The survey revealed that this was mostly among surgeons mainly due to discomfort, poor visibility, and frequent fogging.ConclusionsOur HCW were adapting well to the new normal of donning appropriate PPE in the OR, except for the eye protection due to discomfort and visibility related issues. This is important to know so that necessary changes could be introduced to better the compliance.
Total aesthetic reconstruction of postburn bilateral breast loss using transverse myocutaneous gracilis free flaps: A case report and literature review
Authors: Acartürk Tahsin Oğuz , Bengür Fuat Barış 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReconstruction of breast burns are challenging, as it includes both functional and aesthetic components. Transverse myocutaneous gracilis (TMG) flap has been used for postmastectomy breast reconstruction in the absence of abdominal donor site availability. Use of this flap for the breast burns is limited. A 32‐year‐old female sustained 54% second and third degree burns resulting with bilateral total breast loss. Anterior and posterior thorax, upper and mid abdomen, neck, shoulders, and bilateral upper extremities were also involved. Inner medial thighs had an ample amount of tissue and had never been used as donor sites. The left TMG (28 × 12 cm, 1,413 g) was used for right, and the right TMG (30 × 14 cm, 1,635 g) was used for the left breast, 3 months apart. The contracture on the chest wall was completely excised. Venous anastomosis to the venae commitantes was performed using a 2.5 mm coupler, followed by an end‐to‐end arterial anastomosis to the internal mammary artery. Flaps were inset in a fashion so that the inferior part became the inframammary fold, and the anterior and posterior wings were joined in the upper pole, creating a conical shape. Minimal wound dehiscence in the postoperative course healed with dressing changes and both flaps survived completely. Nipple reconstruction and areolar tattooing was performed. The patient was very happy with the outcome at seventh year follow‐up. TMG may be a valuable option even in bilateral cases of microsurgical autologous free tissue transfer for total aesthetic reconstruction of postburn breast loss.
Follow‐up study of nasal deformity in cleft lip and palate patients: Morphological changes and image analysis with growth
Authors: Uchino Natsuko , Hoshi Kazuto , Takato Tsuyoshi , Okayasu Mari , Saijo Hideto , Nakatsuka Takashi , Ohkubo Kazumi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThere are no long‐term reports on morphologic changes of nasal deformity in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). This retrospective study was conducted to clarify changes in the nose morphology of patients with CLP.Materials and MethodsWe investigated 47 patients in our department. The evaluation time was as follows: T1 (before or after attending elementary school), T2 (after puberty growth), and T3 (after rhinoplasty). We evaluated the dorsal nose deviation angle, the nasal tip angle, and the nasolabial angle with standardized facial photographs, and nasal septum with computed tomography (CT) images. Computer software ImageJ was used for measurements. For statistical analysis, the Mann‐Whitney U test was used (significance level; P < 0.05).ResultsAnalysis showed that in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), twisted nose and reduction of the nasolabial angle became more prominent after puberty. In patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), the nasal tip was larger than in patients with UCLP and tended to be directed upward. The nasolabial angle in BCLP was more obtuse than the general mean value, but that in UCLP tended to be more acute. CT showed that in UCLP patients, the nasal septum was displaced toward the affected side, and the inferior nasal turbinate on the unaffected side was thickened. Nasal septum deviation was less severe in BCLP patients.ConclusionsUCLP and BCLP patients showed different nasal morphology at T1 and they grew differently from T1 to T2.
Advanced Fiber Technology for High‐Energy Lasers
Authors: Bigot Laurent , Roy Philippe , Taunay Thierry , Benabid Fetah , Mottay Eric 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe French 4F consortium has obtained new results on microstructured optical fibers for the development of ytterbium active fibers with a large core and for the transport of intense laser beams via hollow‐core photonic crystal fibers. In the case of active fibers, several methods to obtain fiber preforms have been tested (MCVD, OVD, powders, sol‐gel), as well as various types of fiber designs.
Molecular dynamics study of ferrocene topology under various temperatures
Authors: Wang Feng , Vasilyev Vladislav 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe present the first quantum mechanical Atom‐Centered Density‐Matrix Propagation molecular dynamic (MD) study to investigate ferrocene (Fc) conformation in gas phase. The MD simulations were performed at several temperatures (7, 18, 80, 120, 180, 293, and 500 K) for a period of 10 ps. It is found that, at very low temperatures (≤18 K), ferrocene prefers eclipsed‐like conformation. At higher temperatures (>18 K), the cyclopentadienyl rings (Cp) of ferrocene exhibit apparent fluxional rotations, leading to configurations with the rotational angle δ distributing within a range of 0° (eclipsed) to 18° (approximately half of 36° for the staggered conformation), accompanied by the cyclopentadienyl ring tilt up to approximately 12° at 500 K. The simulated mean inferred (IR) spectrum of ferrocene at 7 K is clearly dominant by a doublet‐splitting band of eclipsed‐like Fc features in the region of 400 to 600 cm−1, in agreement with previous IR studies. The animation obtained from the MD simulations indicates that, at room temperature, the Fe‐C distances in ferrocene are in fact not strictly congruent but 2:2:1‐fold.
Neutral Lanthanide Complexes of 3‐Aryl‐6‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)picolinic Acids: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Krinochkin Alexey P. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Kim Grigory A. , Shevyrin Vadim A. , Kovalev Igor S. , Sadieva Leila K. , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Chupakhin Oleg N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA convenient synthetic method has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐aryl‐6‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)picolinic acids having a cyclopentene fragment condensed to the pyridine ring. In addition, based on these new ligands neutral lanthanide complexes were obtained, and their photophysical properties were studied. It was observed that newly obtained quinoline‐based chelates exhibited a significant bathochromic shift of their absorption maxima compared to the previously described chelates based on 5‐aryl‐2,2′‐bipyridines.
Solid Dispersions of Famotidine: Physicochemical Properties and In Vivo Comparative Study on the Inhibition of Hyperacidity
Authors: Yuliandra Yori , Fitriani Lili , Kurniawan Robby , Yasardi Fuji , Zaini Erizal 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFamotidine is a potent histamine 2 antagonist used in the treatment of gastric acid overproduction. Famotidine belongs to Class IV in Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) which has low solubility and membrane permeability. The purpose of this study was to compare the solubility and dissolution profile of solid dispersions (SDs) of famotidine with mannitol (SD‐MAN) and with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (SD‐HPMC), and to comparatively study their in vivo effectiveness against hyperacidity. Famotidine SDs were prepared by cogrinding technique with the respective carriers in various ratios and grinding time. SDs with the best solubility underwent dissolution rate studies, solid‐state characterization, and in vivo efficacy evaluation. The in vivo evaluation was conducted in Sprague Dawley rats receiving famotidine formulations in the dose equivalent to 12 mg/kg of famotidine. The study found that the famotidine SDs could greatly improve the solubility of famotidine by 100.61 and 120.91% for SD‐MAN and SD‐HPMC, respectively. The solid‐state characterization revealed the decrease in crystallinity degree of famotidine solid dispersion systems. The comparative study on the in vivo efficacy of famotidine SDs showed that SD‐HPMC was significantly better than SD‐MAN. This study concludes that SDs can improve the solubility and in vivo effectiveness of famotidine in overproduction of gastric acid.
Functionalized Electrospun Fibrous Membranes as Effective Adsorbents for Benzoic Acid from Aqueous Media
Authors: Papaphilippou Petri Ch. , Karamanis Petros , Stavrinou Kyriakos , Krasia‐Christoforou Theodora 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe contamination of water as a consequence of extensive industrial and domestic activities results to severe environmental disruption. In this study functionalized, polymer‐based electrospun microfibrous membranes were used as adsorbents for the removal of aromatic organic contaminants from aqueous media. More precisely, two types of random copolymers having aromatic and cationic groups, were synthesized by free radical polymerization: Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐poly((2‐diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐co‐PDEAEMA) and poly(benzyl methacrylate)‐poly((2‐diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PBzMA‐co‐PDEAEMA). Microfibrous membranes were successfully prepared upon blending the aforementioned copolymers with a commercially available poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) followed by electrospinning. The produced materials were characterized in respect to their morphology and thermal properties and they were further evaluated as adsorbents for benzoic acid (BzA) employed as a model organic contaminant. The BzA removal was monitored by UV‐vis spectrophotometry. The highest BzA removal efficiency was observed when PBzMA1‐co‐PDEAEMA0.8/PMMA microfibrous membrane containing BzMA aromatic moieties and the highest PDEAEMA content was used as an adsorbent, thus indicating the significance of aromatic and electrostatic interactions developed between the fibrous adsorbent and the aromatic pollutant in the adsorption efficiency.
Reengineering a falloposcope imaging system for clinical use
Authors: Kiekens Kelli C. , Romano Gabriella , Galvez Dominique , Cordova Ricky , Heusinkveld John , Hatch Kenneth , Drake William , Kmeid Zaynah , Barton Jennifer K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHigh‐grade serous carcinoma of the ovary is believed to originate in the fallopian tubes (FTs). A submillimeter diameter endoscope with advanced imaging capabilities may take advantage of the natural pathway of the female reproductive tract to image the FTs in a minimally invasive procedure for early detection of cancer. Our lab previously built a prototype benchtop FT endoscope with pseudowhite light imaging, multispectral fluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography. This endoscope was approximately 0.9 mm in diameter, flexible and steerable in one direction. Several modifications have been made to create a falloposcope imaging system which is ready for clinical use. This new design includes a multilumen extrusion, a revised handle design, simplified lens design and redesigned subsystems resulting in improved mechanical characteristics, biocompatibility and portability while maintaining image quality. Additionally, these clinical endoscopes are single use, considerably less expensive and faster to build as compared to the prototype.
Methods for the analysis of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Forsythe Bethany , Melia Lisa , Harbison SallyAnn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiling as a tool for forming a link between an individual and a crime sample is a well‐established forensic biology technique. Though nuclear DNA typing is considered the gold standard method, certain evidence types have limited nuclear DNA available, such as telogen hairs and ancient or degraded remains, for which mtDNA analysis may be required. Traditionally mtDNA typing has been carried out using Sanger type sequencing, which is labor, time, and cost intensive. This has restricted the analysis of the mitochondrial genome to the control region, limiting the discrimination power of the technique. The introduction of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) into forensic laboratories has brought about the ability to analyze the whole mitochondrial genome of forensically relevant samples. The use of MPS for mtDNA analysis has resulted in an increase in the range of methods available for analysis, including: midi‐ and mini‐sized amplification strategies for whole genome analysis of casework‐type samples; whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) multiplexes; and DNA capture methods allowing the analysis of highly degraded remains. The resulting increase in discriminatory power and the continued progression of the technology and associated methods increase its appeal as a DNA analysis method and may facilitate its implementation as a routinely used forensic tool. Here, we give an overview of current laboratory practices for the analysis of mtDNA using MPS.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Haploid Markers
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Auf dem Weg zur „Einheit“: Józef Chałasiński und die Suche nach einer „erlaubten“ Genealogie der Soziologie im Nachkriegspolen (1945–1951)
Authors: Lokhmatov Aleksei 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit den öffentlichen Debatten über die Genealogie der polnischen Sozialwissenschaften nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich in der Periode zwischen dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges (1945) und der Stalinisierung der polnischen Wissenschaft im Rahmen des „Ersten Kongresses der polnischen Wissenschaft“ (1951) die Grenzen des Erlaubten in öffentlichen Diskussionen über die wissenschaftliche Identität der Soziologie verschoben haben. Der Artikel, der vor allem auf der Analyse der öffentlichen Haltung des Organisators der soziologischen Gruppe Józef Chałasiński basiert ist, beschreibt die Entwicklungsetappen des öffentlichen Diskurses über die akademische Tradition der Sozialwissenschaften, die den zunehmenden Einfluss der politischen Agenda auf die wissenschaftliche Praxis widerspiegeln. Obwohl unmittelbar nach dem Krieg die Kontinuität mit der Zwischenkriegstradition und der „limitierte Charakter“ des marxistischen Ansatzes betont wurden, hat die beginnende Stalinisierung des öffentlichen Raums 1948 dazu geführt, dass die politische Rolle der Soziologie, die zusammen mit dem Marxismus dem progressiven Lager angehörte, zum zentralen Punkt ihrer eigenen Genealogie wurde. Die Schließung der soziologischen Abteilungen und Zeitschriften zwischen 1950 und 1951 markierten dabei die neue Etappe im Rahmen der Vorbereitungssitzungen zum ersten wissenschaftlichen Kongress. Eine der Hauptaufgaben für die Sozialwissenschaften im Rahmen dieses Kongresses bestand darin, gemeinsam mit den Philosophen eine progressive wissenschaftliche Tradition Polens zu konstruieren. Der Kongress wurde für die polnischen Wissenschaftler zur Aufgabe mit bekanntem Ergebnis und mehreren obligatorischen Elementen wie einer „fortschrittlichen nationalen Tradition“, dem „Marxismus-Leninismus“ und einem „Sechsjahresplan“ zu verfassen. Trotz des starken Drucks von Seiten der Politik konnten die Teilnehmer der Diskussionen keinen Kompromiss im Hinblick auf die progressive Tradition der polnischen Sozialwissenschaften finden und so die notwendige „Einheit“ erreichen.
Implantation of a new active bone conduction hearing device with optimized geometry
Authors: Plontke S. K. , Götze G. , Wenzel C. , Rahne T. , Mlynski R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHere, we describe the surgical technique for implanting a new, active, transcutaneous bone conduction hearing aid. The implant technology is based on a system that has been in use reliably since 2012. The geometry of the new implant has been adapted based on experience with previously introduced implants. The surgery was feasible, standardized, and safe. Due to the optimized geometric design that improved the bone fit, it is not necessary to use specialized, detailed preoperative planning, except in challenging anatomical conditions; e.g., in young children, malformations, poor pneumatization, or after a canal wall down mastoidectomy.
Generalized properties for Hanafi–Wold’s procedure in partial least squares path modeling
Authors: Hanafi Mohamed , Dolce Pasquale , El Hadri Zouhair 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPartial least squares path modeling is a statistical method that allows to analyze complex dependence relationships among several blocks of observed variables, each one represented by a latent variable. The computation of latent variable scores is an essential step of the method, achieved through an iterative procedure named here Hanafi–Wold’s procedure. The present paper generalizes properties already known in the literature for this procedure, from which additional convergence results will be obtained.
Gas-phase volatilomic approaches for quality control of brewing hops based on simultaneous GC-MS-IMS and machine learning
Authors: Brendel Rebecca , Schwolow Sebastian , Rohn Sascha , Weller Philipp 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFor the first time, a prototype HS-GC-MS-IMS dual-detection system is presented for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fields of quality control of brewing hop. With a soft ionization and drift time-based ion separation in IMS and a hard ionization and m/z-based separation in MS, substance identification in the case of co-elution was improved, substantially. Machine learning tools were used for a non-targeted screening of the complex VOC profiles of 65 different hop samples for similarity search by principal component analysis (PCA) followed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Partial least square regression (PLSR) was applied to investigate the observed correlation between the volatile profile and the α-acid content of hops and resulted in a standard error of prediction of only 1.04% α-acid. This promising volatilomic approach shows clearly the potential of HS-GC-MS-IMS in combination with machine learning for the enhancement of future quality assurance of hops.
Automated patient positioning in CT using a 3D camera for body contour detection: accuracy in pediatric patients
Authors: Booij Ronald , van Straten Marcel , Wimmer Andreas , Budde Ricardo P.J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the accuracy of a 3D camera for body contour detection in pediatric patient positioning in CT compared with routine manual positioning by radiographers.

Methods and materials
One hundred and ninety-one patients, with and without fixation aid, which underwent CT of the head, thorax, and/or abdomen on a scanner with manual table height selection and with table height suggestion by a 3D camera were retrospectively included. The ideal table height was defined as the position at which the scanner isocenter coincides with the patient’s isocenter. Table heights suggested by the camera and selected by the radiographer were compared with the ideal height.

Results
For pediatric patients without fixation aid like a baby cradle or vacuum cushion and positioned by radiographers, the median (interquartile range) absolute table height deviation in mm was 10.2 (16.8) for abdomen, 16.4 (16.6) for head, 4.1 (5.1) for thorax-abdomen, and 9.7 (9.7) for thorax CT scans. The deviation was less for the 3D camera: 3.1 (4.7) for abdomen, 3.9 (6.3) for head, 2.2 (4.3) for thorax-abdomen, and 4.8 (6.7) for thorax CT scans (p < 0.05 for all body parts combined).

Conclusion
A 3D camera for body contour detection allows for automated and more accurate pediatric patient positioning than manual positioning done by radiographers, resulting in overall significantly smaller deviations from the ideal table height. The 3D camera may be also useful in the positioning of patients with fixation aid; however, evaluation of possible improvements in positioning accuracy was limited by the small sample size.

Key Points
• A 3D camera for body contour detection allows for automated and accurate pediatric patient positioning in CT.
• A 3D camera outperformed radiographers in positioning pediatric patients without a fixation aid in CT.
• Positioning of pediatric patients with fixation aid was feasible using the 3D camera, but no definite conclusions were drawn regarding the positioning accuracy due to the small sample size.
A Fast Shortest Path Algorithm on Terrain-like Graphs
Authors: Froese Vincent , Renken Malte 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTerrain visibility graphs are a well-known graph class in computational geometry. They are closely related to polygon visibility graphs, but a precise graph-theoretical characterization is still unknown. Over the last decade, terrain visibility graphs attracted considerable attention in the context of time series analysis (there called time series visibility graphs) with various practical applications in areas such as physics, geography, and medical sciences. Computing shortest paths in visibility graphs is a common task, for example, in line-of-sight communication. For time series analysis, graph characteristics involving shortest paths lengths (such as centrality measures) have proven useful. In this paper, we devise a fast output-sensitive shortest path algorithm on a superclass of terrain visibility graphs called terrain-like graphs (including all induced subgraphs of terrain visibility graphs). Our algorithm runs in $$O(d^*\log \varDelta )$$

O
(

d
∗

log
Δ
)

time, where $$d^*$$

d
∗

is the length (that is, the number of edges) of the shortest path and $$\varDelta $$
Δ
is the maximum vertex degree. Alternatively, with an $$O(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

-time preprocessing our algorithm runs in $$O(d^*)$$

O
(

d
∗

)

time.