bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the Gap: A Resident-Led Quality Improvement Project to Improve Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primary Care Community Clinics
Authors: Ruggeri Cara E. , Reed Rajika E. , Coyle Bonnie , Stoltzfus Jill , Fioravanti Gloria , Tehrani Renee 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite the prevalence and mortality associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), 67.4% of US adults aged 50 to 75 years received recommended screening tests in 2016.

Objective
We created a quality improvement project in resident-run outpatient clinics to increase CRC screening rates to ≥ 50% from 2016 to 2018, with emphasis on vulnerable patient populations.

Methods
We applied a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving internal medicine and family medicine residents and staff from various hospital network departments, selecting 4 clinics to participate whose screening rates were below our network's average of 41%. Our intervention consisted of a needs assessment, resident-led educational sessions for clinicians, staff, and patients, use of fecal immunochemical tests as a first screening option, and application of care gap analysts at each clinic to answer patients' screening questions and to follow up regarding their screening status.

Results
We obtained approximately 100 patient surveys from each clinic, a 100% staff completion rate (68 of 68), and a 90% clinician completion rate (85 of 94). Staff and clinician surveys revealed concerns about reducing patient screening fears, inconsistent documentation of screening outcomes, and need for education about CRC prevention, early detection, and screening recommendations. Patient surveys revealed educational deficits and concerns about perceived screening obstacles (eg, transportation and insurance). While CRC screening rates increased across all participating clinics, one clinic experienced an increase from 23% to 48%.

Conclusions
Our multitargeted approach in primary care residency practices yielded increased CRC screening rates in vulnerable patient populations.
Ingebrekestelling: misschien minder formeel, maar het blijft oppassen
Authors: Spanjaard J.H.M. 
Published: December 2019

Ingebrekestelling: misschien minder formeel, maar het blijft oppassen
Op 11 oktober 2019 wees de Hoge Raad het arrest Fraanje/Alukon. In dit arrest behandelde hij de vraag hoe de redelijke termijn in een ingebrekestelling moet worden bepaald. Ook oordeelde de Hoge Raad dat een ingebrekestelling niet aan formaliteiten gebonden is, maar dat de rechter er praktisch mee om moet gaan. Het arrest en zijn gevolgen worden in deze bijdrage besproken.
Soccer Ball Spatial Kinematics and Dynamics Simulation for Efficient Sports Analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Li Qi 
Published: December 2019

The intelligent sports analysis requires exactly modeling the kinematics and dynamics of a soccer ball in a three-dimensional (3D) space. To address this problem, a 3D dynamic model of the soccer ball is developed to simulate the motion and capture the kinematics and dynamics performance. The model consists of three sub-models governed by the classic mechanics and formulated as time-dependent ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The simulations involve visualizing the ball traveling trajectory, which contains the instantaneous force information; and plotting the time-varying displacement and force curves. The model is validated by comparison of the results from this simulation and another theoretical calculation. A case study is presented to simulate the projectile motion of a soccer ball in a virtual environment. The spatial kinematics and dynamics results are obtained and analyzed. The results show the max projectile height and range, and kick force increase with the increase of the initial velocity. This research is significant to simulate the soccer ball motion for promoting the planning, evaluation, and optimization of trajectory.
Soil mineral N and N net mineralization during
autumn and winter under an oilseed rape – winter
wheat – winter barley rotation in different crop
management systems
Authors: SIELING K. , GÜNTHER-BORSTEL O. , TEEBKEN T. , HANUS H. 
Published: July 2002

Soil sampling in autumn gives important information on the soil
N dynamic. In the growing seasons
1991/92 to 1995/96, the effects of different crop management systems
on soil mineral N (NO3-N plus
NH4-N:Nmin) were investigated in a factorial
field experiment at Hohenschulen Experimental Station
near Kiel in NW Germany. The crop rotation was oilseed rape – winter
wheat – winter barley, and
soil tillage (conservation tillage without ploughing, conventional tillage),
application of pig slurry
(none, autumn, autumn+spring), mineral N fertilization (0, 120 and 240
kg N ha−1)
and fungicide application (none, three applications) were all varied. Each
year, the treatments occurred in all three
crops of the rotation and were located on the same plots. Nmin
was determined on four dates (‘After
drilling’, ‘End of autumn growth’ before winter, ‘Beginning
of spring growth’ before N fertilizer
application, and ‘After harvest’) to 90 cm in 30 cm horizons.Under all crops, Nmin showed a large year to year variation.
Highest values of 132 kg N ha−1 were
observed ‘After drilling’, which decreased until ‘End
of growth’. The increase of autumn Nmin (‘After

drilling’, ‘End of autumn growth’) was mainly due to
autumn slurry, whereas mineral N fertilizer
mainly affected Nmin ‘After harvest’. Soil tillage
and fungicide application only slightly modified Nmin
at all dates.The relationship between N leaching and Nmin measured either
‘After drilling’ or at the ‘End of
autumn growth’ in 1991/92–1994/95 remained too poor
to be used to estimate N leaching. N net
mineralization during autumn and winter varied with crops, as estimated
by the Nmin changes
between ‘After drilling’ minus ‘Start of spring growth’
plus N uptake by the crop at ‘Start of spring
growth’ plus N leaching during winter. On average over the years,
39 kg N ha−1 were mineralized
under oilseed rape and 42 kg N ha−1 under wheat compared
with 31 kg N ha−1 under barley.
However, a large year-to-year variation occurred. In addition, the ranking
of the years differed with
the crops. Slurry application led to different amounts of mineralized N.
Under barley only
25 kg N ha−1
were calculated for the autumn slurry, but 42 kg N ha−1
for the autumn plus spring
slurry treatment. In contrast, under oilseed rape the highest value of
41 kg N ha−1 occurred in the
autumn slurry plots. Under wheat, slurry application only slightly affected
N mineralization.
Increased mineral N fertilization decreased N release under oilseed rape,
but significantly increased
it under cereals. Application of fungicides did not affect N mineralization
during winter.
Body score of dairy cows
Authors: BROSTER WILLIAM H. , BROSTER VALERIE J. 
Published: July 2002

During the last two decades the traditional subjective
appraisal of the body fat
stores in farm animals, made by eye and touch, has been
rationalized by the
introduction of numerical systems of rating specific
anatomical points.Palpation of the lumbar vertebrae, the pin and hook bones
(tail head) (Lowman et al. 1973), and, occasionally,
width behind the shoulders (Treacher et al. 1986)
provides an assessment of the fatness of the animal.
This is calibrated from standard
photographic charts, in the use of which the operator is
trained. Body condition
scoring (CS) by this method has been widely developed for
dairy cows (Earle, 1976;
Mulvany, 1977; MacCarthy, 1978; Scott & Smeaton, 1980;
Wildman et al. 1982;
Aalseth et al. 1983; Anon. 1986; Garcia Paloma, 1990).The actual numerical scales have varied among systems.
Thus over the range
from very thin to very fat cows the scale is 1, 2…7, 8
(Earle, 1976) and 0½, 1,…4½, 5
(Mulvany, 1977), for example. CS is thus a discrete variate
with a limited number
of readings. Several authors have sought to decrease the
division size, for example 1,
1 1/3; 1 2/3;…4 2/3, 5
(Ducker et al. 1985a, see also Dewhurst
et al. 1996) and by using the
means of the separate values obtained by two operators
judging CS independently
(W. H. Broster, V. J. Broster, A. J. Clements, J. W. Siviter
and T. Smith, unpublished results). In this review CS will
be stated in the units given by Mulvany (1977),
to which other ranges have been scaled. Inspection of CS
data has usually been
conducted by analysis of variance, but also by the
Mann–Whitney signed rank test
(Moorby et al. 1996).Evans (1978) and Nicoll (1981) studied the variation in
recording CS. Both
investigators concluded that a system of observation by
two independent assessors
per recording occasion is advantageous and that revision
training is necessary to
maintain operator standardization. Of total variance in
CS, some 60–70% was
found attributable to ‘between-animal’
differences, <5% to assessor variation and
<10% to animal×assessor variation. Croxton &
Stollard (1976) found good
repeatability of CS measurements ‘between’ and
‘within’ operators. It is regrettable
that few reports of experimentation give full details of
method of and number of operators engaged in body
score recording.
Pressure–strain correlation modelling of complex turbulent flows
Authors: GIRIMAJI SHARATH S. 
Published: July 2002

A methodology for deriving a pressure–strain correlation model with variable coefficients
is developed. The methodology is based on two important premises: (i) the
extreme states of turbulence – the rapid distortion and equilibrium limits – are more
amenable to mathematically rigorous modelling because of significant simplifications
not possible at other states; and (ii) the models of the extreme states collectively
contain all of the relevant physics so that models for any intermediate state can be
obtained by suitable interpolation. A pressure–strain model of the standard form
is considered and the coefficients are determined from linear analysis in the rapid
distortion limit and from a fixed point analysis in the equilibrium limit. The model
coefficients, which depend on the mean deformation and turbulence state, vary from
flow to flow in a manner consistent with Navier–Stokes physics.The exact causal relationship between the model coefficients and the model's equilibrium
behaviour is established by fixed point analysis performed using representation
theory. Then, the equilibrium values of the model coefficients are chosen to yield the
observed equilibrium behaviour. The values of the model coefficients in the rapid distortion
limit are determined by enforcing consistency with the Crow constraint. The
new variable-coefficient model reduces to the traditional constant-coefficient model in
strain-dominated turbulent flows near equilibrium. The model performance in bench-mark turbulent flows, in which the traditional models have been calibrated extensively,
is preserved intact. The new model is significantly different from the traditional one
in mean vorticity-dominated and non-equilibrium turbulence. These two important
classes of flows, in which traditional models fail, are successfully captured by the new
model.
Educational consequences of mental disorders treated in hospital. A 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort
Authors: ISOHANNI I. , JONES P. B. , JÄRVELIN M.-R. , NIEMINEN P. , RANTAKALLIO P. , JOKELAINEN J. , CROUDACE T. J. , ISOHANNI M. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Mental disorders often begin during the formative years of education. They may
disrupt education and lead to social underachievement.Methods. We examined the impact of mental disorders treated in hospital (ages 16–29) on
educational attainment up to 31 years in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (N = 10581).
People discharged due to mental illness were grouped by DSM-III-R diagnoses (of schizophrenia,
other psychoses and non-psychotic disorders) and were compared with those having no such
hospital treatment. Associations between diagnoses and educational outcome (completion of basic
level, upper secondary or tertiary education) were analysed stratified by age at onset (early onset
< 22 years v. later), and adjusted for confounding by perinatal risk, early motor development,
maternal education, family structure, parental social class, and school achievement using prospective
data from earlier assessments and logistic regression analysis.Results. Twelve per cent of the comparison group completed basic level education, 62% upper
secondary, and 26% tertiary education. People with early onset disorder tended to stagnate in the
basic level. Early onset schizophrenia and all non-psychotic cases had 3- to 6-fold adjusted odds for
this outcome. Many with early onset schizophrenia completed secondary education, but none
completed the tertiary level. Hospitalization for non-psychotic disorder increased the risk of
underachievement in tertiary education for those with early onset.Conclusions. Mental disorder treated in hospital truncates education. Failure to complete higher
education may contribute to the ‘social exclusion’ of the mentally ill through reduced opportunities
in later occupational life and failure to accumulate social capital.
Psychological distress and work and home roles: a focus on socio-economic differences in distress
Authors: MATTHEWS S. , POWER C. , STANSFELD S. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Home and work factors have been linked to psychological status, but less is known about their contribution to social inequalities in psychological status. We examine whether social inequalities in psychological distress can be explained by work–home factors and whether the impact of these potential explanatory factors is similar for men and women.Methods. Data are from the 1958 British birth cohort study. We sought to explain social class differences in psychological distress at age 33. Explanatory factors were classified as work–home roles: i.e. employment, marital status, domestic responsibility, children and elderly care; and work–home characteristics: i.e. job-strain, insecurity, unsocial working hours, youngest child's age, number of children and level of involvement in childcare.Results. A social gradient in psychological distress was found: odds ratios for classes IV and V v. I and II were 2·65 (men) and 3·02 (women). Work factors had consistently stronger associations with psychological distress and with social class among men than women. Work factors had a greater impact on class differences in psychological distress in men. Associations for home roles and characteristics were less consistent and their combined effect on class differences in distress was negligible for both sexes.Conclusion. Explanations for the social gradient differ for men and women. Work may be more important for men than women, but the impact of home factors was not strong during the early adulthood of this cohort.
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Aspergillus niger Pectin Lyase B at 1.7-Å Resolution1
Authors: Vitali Jacqueline , Schick Brian , Kester Harry C.M. , Visser Jaap , Jurnak Frances 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of Aspergillus niger pectin lyase B (PLB) has been determined by crystallographic techniques at a resolution of 1.7 Å. The model, with all 359 amino acids and 339 water molecules, refines to a final crystallographic R factor of 16.5%. The polypeptide backbone folds into a large right-handed cylinder, termed a parallel β helix. Loops of various sizes and conformations protrude from the central helix and probably confer function. The largest loop of 53 residues folds into a small domain consisting of three antiparallel β strands, one turn of an α helix, and one turn of a 310 helix. By comparison with the structure ofErwinia chrysanthemi pectate lyase C (PelC), the primary sequence alignment between the pectate and pectin lyase subfamilies has been corrected and the active site region for the pectin lyases deduced. The substrate-binding site in PLB is considerably less hydrophilic than the comparable PelC region and consists of an extensive network of highly conserved Trp and His residues. The PLB structure provides an atomic explanation for the lack of a catalytic requirement for Ca2+ in the pectin lyase family, in contrast to that found in the pectate lyase enzymes. Surprisingly, however, the PLB site analogous to the Ca2+ site in PelC is filled with a positive charge provided by a conserved Arg in the pectin lyases. The significance of the finding with regard to the enzymatic mechanism is discussed.
Purification, Properties, and Molecular Cloning of a Novel Ca2+-Binding Protein in Radish Vacuoles
Authors: Yuasa Koji , Maeshima Masayoshi 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
To understand the roles of plant vacuoles, we have purified and characterized a major soluble protein from vacuoles of radish (Raphanus sativus cv Tokinashi-daikon) taproots. The results showed that it is a novel radish vacuole Ca2+-binding protein (RVCaB). RVCaB was released from the vacuolar membrane fraction by sonication, and purified by ion exchange and gel filtration column chromatography. RVCaB is an acidic protein and migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel with an apparent molecular mass of 43 kD. The Ca2+-binding activity was confirmed by the 45Ca2+-overlay assay. RVCaB was localized in the lumen, as the protein was recovered in intact vacuoles prepared from protoplasts and was resistant to trypsin digestion. Plant vacuoles store Ca2+ using two active Ca2+ uptake systems, namely Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/H+ antiporter. Vacuolar membrane vesicles containing RVCaB accumulated more Ca2+ than sonicated vesicles depleted of the protein at a wide range of Ca2+concentrations. A cDNA (RVCaB) encoding a 248-amino acid polypeptide was cloned. Its deduced sequence was identical to amino acid sequences obtained from several peptide fragments of the purified RVCaB. The deduced sequence is not homologous to that of other Ca2+-binding proteins such as calreticulin. RVCaB has a repetitive unique acidic motif, but not the EF-hand motif. The recombinant RVCaB expressed in Escherichia coli-bound Ca2+ as evidenced by staining with Stains-all and migrated with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kD. These results suggest that RVCaB is a new type Ca2+-binding protein with high capacity and low affinity for Ca2+ and that the protein could function as a Ca2+-buffer and/or Ca2+-sequestering protein in the vacuole.
Ultraviolet B Radiation Enhances a Phytochrome-B-Mediated Photomorphogenic Response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Boccalandro Hernán E. , Mazza Carlos A. , Mazzella M. Agustina , Casal Jorge J. , Ballaré Carlos L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 290–315 nm) can cause damage and induce photomorphogenic responses in plants. The mechanisms that mediate the photomorphogenic effects of UV-B are unclear. In etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, a daily exposure to 2.5 h of UV-B enhanced the cotyledon opening response induced by a subsequent red light (R) pulse. An R pulse alone, 2.5 h of UV-B terminated with a far-red pulse, or 2.5 h of continuous R caused very little cotyledon opening. The enhancing effect of UV-B increased with fluence rate up to approximately 7.58 μmol m−2 s−1; at higher fluence rates the response to UV-B was greatly reduced. ThephyA, phyA cry1, and cry1 cry2 mutants behaved like the wild type when exposed to UV-B followed by an R pulse. In contrast, phyB, phyB cry1, and phyB phyA mutants failed to open the cotyledons. Thus, phytochrome B was required for the cotyledon opening response to UV-B → R treatments, whereas phytochrome A and cryptochromes 1 and 2 were not necessary under the conditions of our experiments. The enhancing effect of low doses of UV-B on cotyledon opening in uvr1 uvr2 and uvr1 uvr3mutants, deficient in DNA repair, was similar to that found in the wild type, suggesting that this effect of UV-B was not elicited by signals derived from UV-B-induced DNA lesions (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts). We conclude that low doses of UV-B, perceived by a receptor system different from phytochromes, cryptochromes, or DNA, enhance a de-etiolation response that is induced by active phytochrome B.
Role of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Light-Induced Development of Sporangiophores in Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Authors: Maier Josef , Hecker Rolf , Rockel Peter , Ninnemann Helga 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Blue light controls the development of sporangiophores in the zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus Burgeff. Light represses the production of microsporangiophores and enhances the development of macrosporangiophores. Inhibition of the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, a cofactor of NO synthase, inhibits this photomorphogenesis. Light induces production of citrulline from arginine in the mycelium and in sporangiophores. The citrulline-forming activity is dependent on NADPH, independent of calcium, and inhibited by NO synthase inhibitors. It is reduced in tetrahydrobiopterin-depleted mycelium. Light induces emission of NO from the developing fungus in the same order of magnitude as citrulline formation from arginine. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside can replace the light effect on sporangiophore development, and inhibitors of NO synthase repress it. We suggest that a fungal NO synthase is involved in sporangiophore development and propose its participation in light signaling.
Structure of Nd10W22O81 from high-resolution electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction
Authors: Grenthe Carl , Guagliardi Antonietta , Sundberg Margareta , Werner Per-Erik 
Published: July 2002

The crystal structure of Nd10W22O81, neodymium tungstate, has been determined using a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction methods. The unit-cell dimensions determined from X-ray data are a = 3.8613 (1), b = 35.9431 (1), c = 21.8900 (1) Å, V = 3038.05 Å3, Z = 2, space group Pbcm. The structure is built up of pentagonal columns (PCs) connected to ReO3-type fragments consisting of three octahedra, thus forming W9O32 units. These units form `pillars' along a. These `pillars' are joined by pairs of tilted octahedra (W2O11 groups) to form corrugated layers perpendicular to b. The Nd atoms are located in the space between these layers and form the only link between them. Interstitial O atoms are located between two of the Nd atoms. The formula Nd10W22O81 can thus be alternatively given as Nd5W11O39 + x
(x ≃ 1.5), where x represents the interstitial O atoms. Nd10W22O81 is a new type of PC structure.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction of Trypanosoma cruzi dUTPase
Authors: Bernier-Villamor V. , Camacho A. , González-Pacanowska D. , Cedergren-Zeppezauer E. , Antson A. , Wilson K. S. 
Published: July 2002

Crystals of Trypanosoma cruzi dUTPase have been grown. Two different morphologies are observed, depending on the molecular weight of the PEG used as precipitating agent in the mother liquor, both having a hexagonal unit cell with similar dimensions. Complete X-ray diffraction data have been collected to low resolution for one of the forms. The space group is P6322, with unit-cell dimensions a = 134.15, c = 147.05 Å. Peaks in the self-rotation function and the solvent content are consistent with two molecules of dUTPase per asymmetric unit.