bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations between the quasi‐biweekly oscillation over the East Asian monsoon region and the East Asian tropical monsoon depressions
Authors: Li Jingyi , Wen Min , Wang Zunya , Hu Yi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn empirical orthogonal function analysis was applied to 34 years of anomalous daily 10–20 day filtered outgoing longwave radiation data to determine the north‐westward propagating mode of quasi‐biweekly oscillations (QBWOs) over tropical East Asia during boreal summer. The centres of active QBWO convection coincided with positive potential vorticity (PV) anomalies at 500·hPa and cyclonic gyres at 850·hPa, whereas the centres of suppressed convection were superimposed upon negative PV anomalies and anticyclonic gyres. These circulations formed an inclined northwest–southeast wave train. The vertical dynamic and thermodynamic structures of the QBWO mode evince two centres of PV at 500 and 750·hPa, respectively, and an almost upright structure in the troposphere up to 300·hPa. The QBWO's convective cell has a warm‐over‐cold structure in the troposphere. These features have several similarities to East Asian tropical monsoon depressions (EAMDs), implying a close relationship between the north‐westward propagating mode of QBWOs and EAMDs. Further investigation indicates that EAMDs are prone to appear in the region of deep convection and move north‐westward with the QBWO circulation. The westernmost position of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), which is linked to the QBWO phase, strongly influences the route of EAMDs. An EAMD generated in the easterly winds to the south of WPSH moves westward under the influence of the horizontal adiabatic advection of PV. More eastward‐moving and turning EAMDs appear when WPSH weakens and retreats eastward due to enhancement of QBWO convection over the South China Sea (SCS) and western North Pacific. Most EAMDs reach peak intensity when moving over the SCS, and show a strong relation to the vigorous convection. However, there is no significant relation between the QBWO convection and the points of disappearance of the EAMDs.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Justice Involvement Among Military Veterans: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Taylor Emmeline N. , Timko Christine , Nash Amia , Owens Mandy D. , Harris Alex H.S. , Finlay Andrea K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThere is evidence of an association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and criminal justice involvement among military veterans. For this study, we systematically reviewed the literature to examine the association between PTSD and criminal justice involvement among military veterans, assess the magnitude of this association, and identify strengths and limitations of the underlying evidence. Five databases were searched for a larger scoping review, and observational studies that assessed PTSD and criminal justice involvement were selected from the scoping review database (N = 191). Meta‐analyses were conducted, pooling odds ratios (ORs) via restricted maximum likelihood random‐effects models. The main outcomes were criminal justice involvement (i.e., documentation of arrest) and PTSD (i.e., PTSD assessment score indicating probable PTSD). Of 143 unique articles identified, 10 studies were eligible for the meta‐analysis. Veterans with PTSD had higher odds of criminal justice involvement (OR = 1.61, 95% CI [1.16, 2.23], p = .002) and arrest for violent offenses (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.15, 2.19], p = .002) compared to veterans without PTSD. The odds ratio of criminal justice involvement among military veterans with PTSD assessed using the PTSD Checklist was 1.98, 95% CI [1.08, 3.63], p = .014. Considerable heterogeneity was identified, but no evidence of publication bias was found. Criminal justice involvement and PTSD are linked among military veterans, highlighting an important need for clinicians and healthcare systems working with this population to prioritize PTSD treatment to reduce veterans’ new and recurring risk of criminal justice involvement.
Lifetime Interpersonal Victimization Profiles and Mental Health Problems in a Nationally Representative Panel of Trauma‐Exposed Adults From the United Kingdom
Authors: Charak Ruby , Vang Maria Louison , Shevlin Mark , Ben‐Ezra Menachem , Karatzias Thanos , Hyland Philip 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTraumatic event exposure has been associated with negative psychological outcomes. There is, however, a dearth of research on revictimization. The current study examined patterns of lifetime interpersonal victimization based on six types of childhood maltreatment, physical and sexual assault, and assault with a weapon during adulthood via latent class analysis (LCA), with gender as covariate. Using a three‐step approach, we assessed differences across the latent classes in symptoms and diagnosis of depression, anxiety, and DSM‐5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A trauma‐exposed adult sample representative of the United Kingdom population (N = 1,051) was recruited online through a research panel. The mean participant age 47.18 years (SD = 15.00, range: 18–90 years; 68.4% female). The LCA identified five classes: lifetime polyvictimization (8.3%; 69.5% female), sexual revictimization (13.7%; 96.5% female), physical revictimization (12.5%; 1.5% male), childhood trauma (25.9%; 85.6% female), and limited victimization (39.7%; 40.3% female). Compared to the other classes, the polyvictimization class, followed by the childhood trauma class, demonstrated the highest scores on anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. The polyvictimization class had nearly a nine‐ to 33‐fold increase in risk of depression, OR = 9.48, 95% CI [3.34, 26.87]; anxiety, OR = 12.10, 95% CI [5.36, 27.36]; and PTSD diagnoses, OR = 33.63, 95% CI [16.35, 69.43], compared to the limited victimization class. The findings facilitate the identification of individuals at risk for revictimization and indicate that evidence‐based clinical interventions should be targeted toward those with exposure to revictimization and childhood trauma exposure to alleviate mental health challenges.
Optimization of a subcellular metal fractionation method for fish liver: Homogenization, subcellular separation, and trial isolation of nuclear materials
Authors: Urien Nastassia , Caron Antoine , Lerquet Marc , Couture Patrice , Campbell Peter G.C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe subcellular compartmentalization of metals within aquatic organisms reflects their internal behavior after metal uptake and can provide important information about their potential toxicity. Commonly, the fractionation protocol used to determine subcellular metal partitioning in aquatic organisms consists of mechanically homogenizing the tissue, separating subcellular components into fractions by differential centrifugation and heat‐denaturation steps, and determining the amount of metals associated with each fraction. However, the accurate separation of subcellular cell components is challenging and the nature and purity of the operationally defined subcellular fractions are rarely assessed. In the absence of this type of validation, however, the interpretation of subcellular metal fractionation results could be compromised. The aim of the present study was to adjust a subcellular fractionation protocol for the liver of field‐collected fish and to test the adjusted protocol using fraction‐specific enzyme markers. Overall, our results illustrate the need to optimize fractionation procedures when studying a new species or organ. In the course of this study, the categorization of some fractions was revised in accordance with the enzymatic results obtained, in order to yield a more credible subcellular fraction distribution scheme. In addition, trial assays aimed at isolating nuclear materials from the cellular debris were conducted, using DNA as a marker for nuclear material. Tested protocols failed to isolate the nuclei and results suggested that nuclei were probably trapped by disrupted cellular membranes. Recommendations on how to improve future subcellular fractionation studies on freshwater fish are discussed.
Critical Assessment of RAFT Equilibrium Constants: Theory Meets Experiment
Authors: Werner Martin , Oliveira João C. A. , Meiser Wibke , Buback Michael , Mata Ricardo A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEquilibrium constants, Keq, for the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of butyl acrylate mediated by trithiocarbonate and dithiobenzoate RAFT agents have been estimated by quantum chemical calculations, namely by a combination of density functional structure optimizations, corrections for solvent effects plus the double harmonic approximation as well as high‐level ab‐initio local correlation methods. Individual contributions to Keq are analyzed. The results are compared to experimental Keq measured by microsecond time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Dithiobenzoate (DTB) RAFT agents are of particular interest, as earlier quantum chemical calculations resulted in Keq values differing by several orders of magnitude from the numbers deduced via EPR measurements. This mismatch between theory and experiment is overcome by new quantum chemical estimates. The major factors behind the improved agreement are the application of dispersion‐corrected density functional theory (DFT) functionals for the equilibrium structures and full‐system coupled cluster calculations. The so‐obtained ab initio Keq data provide clear evidence for rate retardation with DTB‐mediated acrylate polymerizations being due to cross‐termination rather than to slow fragmentation of the RAFT intermediate radical.
Seasonal and diurnal variation of marine wind characteristics based on lidar measurements
Authors: Shu Z. R. , Li Q. S. , Chan P. W. , He Y. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe accurate assessment of marine wind characteristics is receiving increasing attention because of its practical importance in diverse areas. However, the reliable measurement of marine winds is often insufficient mainly because of the limitation of the instrumentation used. In the present study, four year lidar measurement data, recorded continuously from March 2012 to November 2015, are collected at an offshore platform near Lamma Island in Hong Kong, China, to obtain useful marine meteorological information, with a particular interest in the seasonal and diurnal variations of wind speed, wind shear co‐efficient (WSC) and veering wind angle. It is shown that the wind speed and Weibull parameters generally exhibit evident monthly variation. The maximum monthly wind speed occurs in February, with values between 7.41 and 8.13 m·s−1 depending on the height, and the monthly minimum occurs in August, with values between 4.66 and 5.27 m·s−1. The Weibull scale parameter shows a similar monthly pattern with wind speed, while the Weibull shape parameter peaks in June. Furthermore, the diurnal pattern of both wind speed and Weibull parameters is closely tied to seasonality. The WSC covering the bottom and top layers of the wind turbine is likewise examined. Larger WSCs are obtained during hotter months, while smaller WSCs are associated with cooler months. The diurnal pattern of the WSC shows reasonable agreement among different seasons, although the magnitude is somewhat different. The veering angle generally increases with height. Its monthly pattern reveals a maximum in May, reaching up to 17.8° within the height of concern. Pronounced monthly and diurnal patterns of veering angles are observed at higher altitudes.
Research Verification of Single- and Multiple-Batch Production Practices at Two Channel Catfish Farms in Western Alabama
Authors: Hanson Terrill R , Bott Lisa B , Chappell Jesse A , Whitis Gregory N , Kelly Anita M , Roy Luke A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aquaculture verification programs are designed to demonstrate and test research-based recommendations on commercial-scale operations. From 2010 to 2013, three management protocols were followed on two Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus farms in western Alabama. They were an owner-defined multiple-batch (MB) system, an Alabama Cooperative Extension System (hereafter, “Extension”)-defined single-batch (SB) system, and an Extension-defined MB system. Three ponds on each farm accommodated the three treatment systems. Data were collected for two completed SB cycles per farm and the two continuous MB systems over the 37-month period on each farm. The data were combined from the two farms by management system, and averages were calculated for the following production parameters: production period, stocking, water quality, harvest, size distribution, survival, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Enterprise budgets were developed for each management approach and compared. The feed conversion ratio was found to be the most efficient for the Extension-defined SB (1.91), followed by the Extension-defined MB system (2.46) and the owner-defined MB system (2.63). While the owner-defined MB system had the greater harvest weight, it also had the longest production period, greatest weigh-back pounds, and least efficient FCR, resulting in a net return above all costs ($334/acre yearly) below that of the Extension-defined SB ($553/acre yearly) and MB ($393/acre yearly) systems. This converse finding is due to the owner-defined MB having higher costs for feed, harvest and transport, diesel, and interest on operating costs. The Extension-defined SB and MB systems recommended feeding 90% of a weekly determined satiation-feeding amount, resulting in reduced overall feeding, without diminishing fish growth, and a more efficient FCR. The results from this study showed that all three systems were profitable, with the net return from the Extension-defined SB system being higher than that from the Extension- and owner-defined MB systems ($160 and $219/acre yearly, respectively). Yield verification programs provide detailed production and economic knowledge of farm management system effects.
An L2 finite element approximation for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Choi Wonjoon , Ha Heonkyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper utilizes the Picard method and Newton's method to linearize the stationary incompressible Navier–Stokes equations and then uses an LL* approach, which is a least‐squares finite element method applied to the dual problem of the corresponding linear system. The LL* approach provides an L2‐approximation to a given problem, which is not typically available with conventional finite element methods for nonlinear second‐order partial differential equations. We first show that the proposed combination of linearization scheme and LL* approach provides an L2‐approximation to the stationary incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The validity of L2‐approximation is proven through the analysis of the weak problem corresponding to the linearized Navier–Stokes equations. Then, the convergence is analyzed, and numerical results are presented.
Regenerated Hoof Keratin from 1‐Ethyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Acetate and Insights into Disulfide‐Ionic Liquid Interactions from MD Simulation
Authors: Apostolidou Christina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRegeneration of the hoof keratin from ionic liquids was never successful in the past because the ionic liquids were not strong enough. However, this biomaterial starts to play a central role for the preparation of biofilms in the future. In the present study, hoof keratin was regenerated for the first time from an ionic liquid by experiment and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate is strong enough to dissolve hooves, which have a lot of disulfide bonds, a Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was performed with this ionic liquid and diphenyl disulfide. The MD simulation reveals that not only the cation as postulated after experiments were carried out, but also the anion is very important for the dissolution process. This complete picture was and is not accessible via experiments and is therefore valuable for future investigations. The anion always interacts with the disulfide bond, whereas the cation prefers in some situations a strong H−O interaction with the anion. If the cations and the anions are separated from each other so that the cation can not interact with the anion, both interact with the disulfide bond. The high solvation power of this solvent is shown by the fact that the cation interacts from the left and right side and the anion from above and below the disulfide bond.
Organic tandem solar cells under indoor light illumination
Authors: Biswas Swarup , You Young‐Jun , Vincent Premkumar , Bae Jin‐Hyuk , Shim Jae Won , Kim Hyeok 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe lifetime of a device depends highly on that of its battery. In order to enhance the longevity of microsystems or sensor networks, it is necessary for these devices to be self‐powered. Indoor photovoltaics allow the possibility of harvesting artificial light sources for powering microsystems. Whereas indoor photovoltaics based on single active layers have showed high efficiencies under LED lighting, tandem structures have yet to be tested extensively. In our study, we use finite‐difference time‐domain simulations to study the highest possible short‐circuit current density that can be extracted from tandem organic devices. We compare the simulation results to the results for photovoltaic devices based on single bulk active layer heterojunctions. Our simulations found that although detailed balanced band gap calculations show tandem photovoltaics to be viable, the low‐intensity emission spectra of white LED light sources can be better harvested by single active layer‐based photovoltaics. The current‐matching limitation of a tandem photovoltaic structure connected in series limits the highest output current and open‐circuit voltage of the device and, thus, its performance for the illumination of lower intensity light.
Crystal structure and homopolar dihydrogen interactions in propano‐bridged indigo
Authors: Das Bidyut , Guha Ankur Kanti , Wahab Abdul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSingle crystal X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐[1,4]diazepino[1,2‐a:4,3‐a′]diindole‐14,15‐dione (propano‐bridged indigo [PBI]) reveals the presence of two homopolar intermolecular dihydrogen C–H···H–C interactions of distances 2.38 and 2.89 Å. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates a significant contribution of C–H···H–C interactions (49%) to the total molecular contact surface. Theoretical analysis of the topology of electron density reveals the existence of two closed shell dihydrogen interactions per dimer. The values of the AIM charges on the H⋯H interacting atoms are similar (0.172). The calculated dihydrogen interaction energy is found to be significant (3.76 kcal mol−1). London dispersion forces are the dominant contributor to the homopolar C–H···H–C interactions.
Posttraumatic stress in breast cancer survivors diagnosed at a young age
Authors: Vazquez Danny , Rosenberg Shoshana , Gelber Shari , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Morgan Evan , Recklitis Christopher , Come Steven , Schapira Lidia , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveYoung breast cancer patients experience greater psychosocial distress compared with older patients, which raises concern for their risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We sought to characterize the prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of PTSD and associated factors among breast cancer survivors diagnosed at a young age.MethodsThe Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study, enrolled 1302 women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤ 40 between 2006 and 2016. Participants complete serial surveys, and we obtained additional information from medical record review. Socio‐demographics, anxiety and depression, social support, and psychiatric co‐morbidities and medications were assessed at study baseline (median, 5 months post‐diagnosis). We defined a participant as having clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) by scoring ≥50 on the PTSD Checklist‐Specific Version, administered on the 30‐month survey.ResultsAmong 700 women with stage 1‐3 disease, the prevalence of PTSS was 6.3% (95%CI = 4.5‐8.1). In multivariable analyses, PTSS was significantly associated with anxiety (OR 12.43, 95%CI = 5.81‐26.59, P < .0001) and stage 2 vs 1 disease (OR 2.26, 95%CI = 1.04‐4.93, P = .04). PTSS was inversely associated with having a college degree (OR 0.29, 95%CI = 0.13‐0.62, P = .002) and greater social support (OR 0.44, 95%CI = 0.21‐0.94, P = .03).ConclusionsWe found similar rates of cancer‐related PTSS in breast cancer survivors diagnosed at a young age compared with the general breast cancer population despite their well‐documented increased risk of overall distress. Nevertheless, factors associated with posttraumatic stress should be considered at diagnosis and in survivorship to identify young patients who may benefit from psychosocial resources.
Food safety assessment of crops engineered with RNA interference and other methods to modulate expression of endogenous and plant pest genes
Authors: Kleter Gijs A 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenetically modified crops have been grown commercially for more than two decades. Some of these crops have been modified with genetic constructs that induce gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi). The targets for this silencing action are genes, either specific endogenous ones of the host plant or those of particular pests or pathogens infesting these plants. Recently emerging new genetic tools enable precise DNA edits with the same silencing effect and have also increased our knowledge and insights into the mechanisms of RNAi. For the assessment of the safety of foodstuffs from crops modified with RNAi, internationally harmonized principles for risk assessment of foods derived from genetically modified crops can be followed. Special considerations may apply to the newly expressed silencing RNA molecules, such as their possible uptake by consumers and interference with expression of host genes, which, however, would need to overcome many barriers. Bioinformatics tools aid the prediction of possible interference by a given RNA molecule with the expression of genes with homologous sequences in the host crop and in other organisms, or possible off‐target edits in gene‐edited crops. © 2020 The Author. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Semiconductor Rydberg Physics
Authors: Aßmann Marc , Bayer Manfred 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis topical review addresses how semiconductor systems may reveal scalable properties similar to those known from Rydberg atoms and in which ways they may be utilized for precision sensing and to realize huge long‐range interactions in semiconductor systems. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field, it has a twofold purpose: First, it may serve as an introduction to Rydberg physics for semiconductor physicists unfamiliar with the topic. Second, it may also serve as an overview of the specific opportunities and challenges arising in semiconductor physics for researchers who are familiar with Rydberg physics of cold atom gases, but new to the field of semiconductor physics. The review starts with an introduction on the general properties of excitons in semiconductors. Then, the material system Cu2O, which is the best developed platform for semiconductor Rydberg physics at the moment, is discussed in detail.