bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related changes in flicker sensitivity with rod‐ and cone‐enhanced stimuli
Authors: Hathibelagal Amithavikram R. , Bharadwaj Shrikant R. , Subramanian Ahalya , Sadler James , Barbur John L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeCone and rod photoreceptors are usually isolated using high light levels for cone vision and full dark‐adaptation, when only rods respond to light. Such methods are not ideal for clinical use. A new rod/cone flicker test has been designed to isolate and measure rod‐ and cone‐mediated signals in the absence of colour signals with one minute adaptation.Methods118 healthy adults (Mean age ± standard deviation: 40 ± 15 years), were investigated. None of the participants had a history of or exhibited signs of ocular disease. Rod and cone thresholds were measured monocularly in central vision and in each of the four quadrants (superonasal, superotemporal, inferonasal and inferotemporal) at an eccentricity of 5°. Temporal frequencies, stimulus sizes, background luminances and spectral composition were adjusted appropriately to achieve approximately equal thresholds with ~ 10‐fold separation in sensitivity between the rod‐ and cone‐enhanced stimuli. Flicker thresholds were measured using five adaptive (two‐down, one‐up), interleaved staircases. Spectrally calibrated, ‘neutral density’ glasses were used to enable adequate control of display luminance at low levels.ResultsThe superotemporal quadrant had the lowest mean rod and cone thresholds compared to other tested quadrants. For participants, above 50 years of age, the central rod thresholds increased 0.53% per year, whereas cone thresholds increased 0.29% per year and this decline was faster than other respective quadrants. Overall, among the locations tested, the central rod (ρ = 0.547; p < 0.005) and cone (ρ = 0.504, p < 0.005) thresholds demonstrated the strongest correlation with age.ConclusionsThe new test isolates rod and cone signals sufficiently well to detect selective loss of photoreceptor function in normal ageing. The potential use of rod‐ and cone‐enhanced tests in patients with selective loss of photoreceptors and other retinal diseases (e.g., AMD, glaucoma, diabetes) remains to be explored.
Distribution of nanoparticles in the anterior chamber of porcine eyes
Authors: Sonntag Tobias , Froemel Franziska , Guter Michaela , Dillinger Andrea , Fuchshofer Rudolph , Breunig Miriam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeDecisive events of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) onset and progression are located in the anterior chamber of the eye. Here, the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm´s canal (SC) is severely impeded.1 Conventional therapy suffers from poor compliance, low bioavailability of drugs, and does not treat the root cause of the disease. In the past few years, targets molecules and structures were identified that are associated with pathological changes of POAG and that could potentially be exploited for causative treatment.2 To efficiently address these novel targets and bring dug molecules to the TM and SC, the development of innovative and tailor‐made drug delivery systems is a prerequisite. Therefore, the goal of this study to exploit nanoparticles of different size and surface modification regarding their efficacy to accumulate in the TM after intracameral injection.MethodsPolymer nanoparticles decorated with either hyaluronan or poly(ethylene imine) (PEI; about 250 nm) or gold nanoparticles of 5 nm were injected into the anterior chamber of enucleated porcine eyes. After 5 hr the anterior chamber was dissected and the iris, cornea, lens, the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork were analyzed either by fluorescence microscopy for polymer nanoparticles or inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) for gold content.ResultsNanoparticles decorated with hyaluronan demonstrated a favorable mobility in the extracellular matrix and excellent accumulation in the TM.3 Gold nanoparticles of 5 nm were detected in the TM at higher amounts compared to other tissues of the anterior chamber.ConclusionNanoparticles depending on their size and surface modification are promising carriers for therapy of POAG to deliver drugs with high specificity to the TM and SC.
Novel corneal crosslinking technique with eosin‐Y and visible light
Authors: Yildiz Erdost , Anwaar Nazeer Muhammad , Bayraktutar Betul , Zibandeh Noushin , Kizilel Seda , Sahin Afsun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeKeratoconus is a progressive disease which results thinning of the cornea and increase in the forward curvature of the cornea until corneal rupture. The first choice in clinical management of keratoconus is Ultraviolet‐A(UV‐A) crosslinking procedure with riboflavin. This procedure is painful, prolonged and has many side effects on the patient. Eosin‐y is well known molecule and it has been used as crosslinker with visible light on hydrogels with various cells.MethodsFirstly, we have examined effects of sequential concentrations of eosin‐y on proliferation and apoptosis of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). We have used MTT cytotoxicity assay, Xcelligence real‐time cell analysis, Ki67 and Caspase‐3 immunofluorescence staining. After these tests, visible light (525 nm) induced crosslinking has performed with Eosin‐Y in fresh bovine corneas at selected doses. Corneas which applied eosin‐y or riboflavin, or saline are observed under scanning electron microscopy for topographic, cross‐sectional and elemental analysis. Their young moduli measured with hybrid rheometer. Lastly, resistance to osmotic stress and chemical digestion of the corneas compared with water swelling test and enzymatic digestion test, respectively.ResultsWe have demonstrated non‐toxic doses of eosin‐y with cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence experiments on HCECs. We determined LD50 concentration of eosin‐y for HCECs. After that, we have showed significant crosslinking with eosin‐y in fresh bovine corneas. Eosin‐y and visible light procedure has created faster and stronger corneal crosslinking reaction on bovine corneas compared to riboflavin and UV‐A procedure.ConclusionsWe have observed, eosin‐y initiate faster and stronger crosslinking in corneal stroma at subtoxic doses than standard procedure. It could be new photo‐initiator agent for corneal crosslinking procedure in clinics. For next step, we will examine its toxicity on corneal stromal cells and corneal endothelial cells.
5‐Year progression of primary angle closure after treatment: the Primary Angle Closure Study (PACeS)
Authors: Venkatramani Iyer Jayant , Yean Kiew Sieh , Nongpiur Monisha , Aung Tin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThere is no recent evidence on progression rates of Primary Angle Closure (PAC) to Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma (PACG). We aimed to study the 5‐year progression rates of treated PAC to PACG or acute primary angle closure (APAC).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 50 PAC subjects was performed. PAC was defined as iridotrabecular contact of 180 degrees or more, in the presence of raised intraocular pressure or peripheral anterior synechiae, without evidence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Data on intraocular pressure (IOP), gonioscopy, treatment instituted and time of progression to PACG or APAC were analyzed. In subjects with bilateral PAC, one eye per subject was randomly chosen for analysis.ResultsOf the 50 PAC subjects, 33 (66%) subjects were female, 49 (98%) subjects were of Chinese descent and 1 Indian. All 50 eyes were treated ‐ 48 underwent initial laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and 2 primary phacoemulsification. During the follow‐up period, 17 were started on IOP‐lowering medications, and 26 (52%) underwent cataract extraction. None of the eyes developed APAC. Only 2 eyes progressed to PACG over 5 years of follow‐up. None of the eyes underwent glaucoma filtration surgery. Both the eyes that progressed were not noted to have synechial angle closure on diagnosis, and progressed to PACG at 1 year and 2.5 years from time of PAC diagnosis respectively.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the risk of progression of treated PAC to PACG is low. Our findings reveal lower rates of 5‐year progression compared to previously published data.1The low progression rate could be related to the majority of subjects having had lens extraction.Reference

Thomas, R., Parikh, R., Muliyil, J. and Kumar, R. S. Five‐year risk of progression of primary angle closure to primary angle closure glaucoma: a population‐based study. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 2003; 81: 480‐485
Affection of neuroretina and ocular motility in patients affected by Thalidomide Embryopathy
Authors: Pérez‐Velilla Javier , Vicente María José , Palomar Elisa Vilades , Hospital Elvira Orduna , Ciordia Beatriz Cordón , Velilla Jose , Rodrigo Maria Jesús , Satué Maria , García‐Martín Elena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThalidomide embryopathy is a syndrome that associates abnormalities and congenital malformations as a result of intra‐uterine exposition to Thalidomide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the affection in neuro‐retina and ocular motility.Clinical casesWe present 8 clinical cases that underwent the visual acuity measurement by ETDRS test, evaluation of tropia or phoria through the Cover Test, eye movements exam and macular and retinal fiber layer thicknesses by Triton SS‐OCT (Topcon Corporation, Japan). In half of the clinical cases, we observed low visual acuity and/or endophoria. Most of them have some decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. One of them has a restriction in eye movements.ConclusionThere is retinal nerve fiber layer decrease and notable visual acuity reduction in patients with thalidomide embryopathy.
In vitro evaluation and transplantation of human corneal endothelial cells cultured on biocompatible carriers
Authors: Miron Alina , Spinozzi Daniele , Lie Jessica T. , Rafat Mehrdad , Lagali Neil , Melles Gerrit R.J. , Ni Dhubhghaill Sorcha , Dapena Isabel , Oellerich Silke 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo test in vitro the surgical potential of cultivated human corneal endothelial cells (hCEC) on human anterior lens capsule (HALC), bioengineered collagen sheets and denuded Descemet membrane (dDM) as tissue‐engineered grafts for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).MethodsPrimary hCEC were seeded onto HALC, LinkCell™ bioengineered matrices of 20µm thickness (LK20), and dDM. Cell morphology, viability, and proliferation were assessed by light microscopy, cell viability assay, and immunohistochemistry. All hCEC‐carrier constructs were evaluated by simulating DMEK surgery in vitro using an artificial anterior chamber (AC) and a human donor cornea, without DM, with a regular DMEK graft as control.ResultsPrimary hCEC cultured on all carriers formed a monolayer of tightly packed cells with a high cell viability rate (96±4%) and expression of ZO‐1 and Na+/K+‐ATPase. During the in vitro surgery, hCEC‐HALC constructs behaved most similar to the DMEK reference model during implantation and unfolding in the artificial AC, showing good adhesion to the bare stroma. On the other hand, hCEC‐LK20 and hCEC‐dDM constructs required some additional handling because of challenges related to the surgical procedure, although they were both successfully unfolded and implanted in the artificial AC. The hCEC‐dDM constructs showed similar graft adherence as hCEC‐HALC constructs, while adherence of hCEC‐LK20 constructs was less effective.ConclusionsAll analyzed carriers were suitable substrates for cultivating hCEC. During in vitro DMEK surgery, hCEC‐HALC constructs behaved most similar to a standard DMEK‐graft, while graft adhesion and surgical handling, respectively, are parameters still requiring optimization for hCEC‐LK20 and hCEC‐dDM constructs.
A consensus dataset for the management of conjunctival melanoma in the multidisciplinary setting
Authors: Max Conway R. , Wegkamp Melissa , Joshua Anthony D. ,   The Kinghorn Cancer Centre Multi‐Institutional O.O. MDT Group, Cherepanoff Svetlana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceA key tenet of best practice in modern oncology is multidisciplinary decision making. Currently there are no specific multidisciplinary guidelines for the management of conjunctival melanoma.BackgroundConjunctival melanoma is a rare disease which can be associated with significant morbidity and in some cases, mortality. Multidisciplinary care has been shown to improve outcomes for oncology patients. The aim of the current report is to determine a consensus dataset for the multidisciplinary management of conjunctival melanoma by surveying experts involved in the management of conjunctival melanoma.Design and participantsHealth professionals (n=86) who participate in a multi‐institutional ocular oncology multidisciplinary team (MDT) meetings at the Kinghorn Cancer Centre in Sydney, NSW were invited to participate in this studyMethodsA modified Delphi method with two rounds of online survey and one oral consensus round was carried out. Data fields relating to demographic, clinical, pathology and follow up information were collated from the American Joint Committees on Cancer TNM Staging Manual (8t edition) and Cancer Australia Government recommendations.Main Outcome MeasuresFields for inclusion in a consensus dataset.ResultsIn round one 43 of 86 participants (50%) responded. Nine out of 71 questions did not achieve 80% consensus and were added to round two. 32 professionals out of 43 (74%) responded to round two. None of the nine questions in this round achieved 80% consensus, and all nine were added to round three, the oral consensus round. 16 professionals out of 32 (50%) were present in this last round. The process generated a final dataset consisting of six demographic items), 31 clinical items, 32 pathology items and four items. In total, 75 fields were considered essential for multidisciplinary management of conjunctival melanoma.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing recognised methodology, this consensus dataset represents a working document and template for optimising patient care and multidisciplinary decision making for conjunctival melanoma. It can be used as a tool for evaluating and benchmarking MDT performance.
Neuro‐retinal alteration in dizygotic twins with multiple sclerosis
Authors: José Vicente María , Vilades Elisa , Orduna Elvira , Cordón Beatriz , Pérez‐Velilla Javier , Fernández‐Tirado Javier , Jesús Rodrigo María , Satué María , García‐Martín Elena 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to evaluate the retina and the optic nerve in two dizygotic twins suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodThe neuroretinal structures were analysed at diagnosis from only the right eyes of both two (A and B) dizygotic twins by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) device Heidelberguffered in her left eye. The protocol used was Posterior Pole (with an area of examin Spectralis®, in order to avoid bias due to a previous optic neuritis that the twin A sation 30° × 25°) that measured the thickness in microns (μm) of the whole retina, the ganglion cell layer (GCL) by segmentation in the macular area and the peripapilar retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The functional situation of the disease was evaluated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) by neurologist.ResultsThe onset of the disease of twin A was with an episode of left optic neuritis in 2017, whereas twin B with a cerebellar syndrome in 2013. Both twins were diagnosed of MS in 2018. At that moment, the twin B showed worse systemic functional status than twin A (EDSS: 3.5 versus 0 respectively), lower thickness in the peripapilar RNFL at temporal (54 versus 96 μm) and inferior temporal (109 versus 180 μm) sectors and also in GCL specifically at the inferior (31 versus 45 μm) and temporal (30 versus 40 μm) sectors.ConclusionsThe analysis of the posterior pole retinal thickness with segmentation could be a useful tool for the management of MS. The GCL showed an early and more intense damage than RNFL at the earliest years of the disease without previous episodes of optic neuritis in this case of two dizygotic twins.
Study of the functional integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium with a new technique in two models of inherited retinal degeneration
Authors: Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Soriano Francisco Javier Valiente , Navarro Manuel Salinas , García‐Ayuso Diego , Villegas‐Pérez María Paz , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Agudo‐Barriuso Marta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionRetinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a cell layer located between the neurosensory retina and the choroid. RPE has many functions that are essential for photoreceptor nutrition and renewal, among others. To understand the pathogenesis of retinal degenerations, it is crucial to study the integrity, morphology and functionality of this layer.Material and methodsDystrophic young and old adult female albino P23H‐1 (rhodopsin mutation) and Royal College of Surgeon, (RCS, RPE mutation that impairs phagocytosis), rats were used in this experiment. Control strains were Sprague‐Dawley (SD) and Pievald Virol Glaxo (PVG). To label the RPE, 1.5 µl of 3% Fluorogold (FG) diluted in saline was administered intravitreally under general anaesthesia. RPE in‐vivo analysis were performed with SD‐OCT and by eye fundus observation; for ex‐vivo analysis flat mounted RPE and cryostat cross‐sections were used.ResultsIn‐vivo analysis of the dystrophic strains showed an overexpression of lipofuscin in the RPE and a reduction of the retinal thickness, both pathological conditions increased with time. Ex‐vivo analysis in cross sections revealed that in control SD and PVG rats, RPE was labelled with FG showing its typical cubic morphology. The retinal structure and RPE morphology however, was altered in the dystrophic strains. In flat mounts we observed that FG accumulates inside the somas of RPE cells in SD, PVG and young P23H‐1 rats, indicating that the RPE has a correct function. However, in old P23H‐1 rats, FG was found inside and outside the RPE somas, which in addition were bigger and unstructured. When analysing RCS rats, we observed that FG accumulated outside the RPE somas, indicative of the phagocytosis malfunction that characterises this strain.ConclusionsIntraocular injection of FG is a reliable technique to label functional RPE. In both models of inhered retinal degeneration RPE functional integrity was affected by the evolution of degeneration.
Investigating basal cell carcinoma recurrence and outcomes following surgical excision at Broomfield hospital ophthalmology department, United Kingdom
Authors: Wong Caroline , Ghazi‐Nouri Seyed , Kesharaju V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeOur current practice involves 2 years follow up after periocular BCC excision. This audit aims to investigate outcomes of: BCC recurrence rate while under follow up after histologically proven complete excision. Histological findings in cases of biopsy of suspected recurrent BCCMethodsRetrospective identification of samples sent to histopathology by a single Oculoplastic consultant with suspected or confirmed BCC between 01/01/16–30/04/19. Clinic letters identified the duration from surgical excision to latest follow up and any suspicion of recurrence. Where initial surgery was incomplete, or recurrence suspected clinically, secondary surgery results were checked to determine whether residual BCC was reported. Initial diagnostic incising biopsy results were excluded.ResultsOf 115 samples, 51 were excluded as per criteria. Of the remaining 64 patients, 56 patients were reviewed post‐operatively with no suspicion of recurrence in timeframe seen (1–>24 months). Of 64 patients, 8 (12.5%) warranted secondary surgery within 2 years: 5 indicated by reported margin involvement (7.8%); 3 indicated by clinical suspicion (4.7%). This audit did not identify any cases of BCC recurrence. Residual BCC was identified on one deeper resection indicated by histopathology. Patients may continue to be risk assessed, and follow‐up preserved for: persistent marginal involvement; aggressive BCC sub‐type; pre‐disposition for BCC; immunosuppression; higher risk initial BCC site (e.g. medial canthus or orbital invasion).ConclusionsNo cases of BCC recurrence were identified within this cohort. Re‐excision of involved margin tends not to a show positive result. Minimal residual BCC may have been destroyed during the initial surgical cauterisation or by the immune system. We propose to discharge patients following complete excision of low risk BCCs from the periocular area with advice to seek referral with any new lesions following self‐examination.
Retinal vessel oximetry in children with inherited retinal diseases
Authors: della Volpe Waizel Maria , Scholl Hendrik P.N. , Valmaggia Christophe , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlterations in retinal oxygen metabolism have already been confirmed in eldery subjects with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Hovewer, whether this is a also a feature in children affected by RP has not been studied yet. The aim of our study was to compare retinal oxymetry (RO) parameters whithin children with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), as well as agains those of carriers and healthy controls.MethodsA total of 68 children (136 eyes) of were examined: 16 with IRDs (32 eyes) were compared to those of 11 IRD carriers (22 eyes) and of 41 healthy children (82 eyes). RO was performed with the oxygen saturation tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA; IMEDOS, Germany). The mean oxygen saturations, within 1.0–1.5 optic disc diameters from the disc margin, in the retinal arterioles (A‐SO2;%) and venules (V‐SO2;%) were estimated and their difference (A‐V SO2;%), was calculated. The corresponding arterioles (D‐A;μm) and venules (D‐V;μm) were evaluated, as well. For statistical evaluation ANOVA‐based linear mixed‐effects models were calculated with SPSS®.ResultsThe V‐SO2 showed a statistically significant increase in RP eyes (67.00 ± 7.48%) when compared to healthy controls (59.07 ± 11.98%, p=0.03), but also to children with other IRDs and to carriers (p ≤ 0.03). The A‐V SO2 showed a statistically significant decrease in RP eyes (32.62 ± 4.03%), when compared to eyes suffering from macular dystrophies (MD, 44.35 ± 10.55%, p = 0.05) or cone‐rod‐dystrophies (CRD, 43.29 ± 10.55, p = 0.03). The D‐V, even if not reaching statistically significant level, showed a trend for RP to be slightly attenuated (102.31 ± 8.20 μm) when compared to controls (108.76 ± 20.87 μm; p = 0.07).ConclusionThese data indicate that children suffering RP show early metabolic alterations. With aging and progression of RP the sign of vascular attenuation seems to be a secondary effect of neurovascular remodeling. Here, RO seems to be a useful screening tool for metabolic dysfunction within a family affected from RP.