bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BACK ANALYSIS OF THE RETAINING WALL AT JEMBER - BANYUWANGI ROAD KM 234+500
Authors: Febryawan Wisnu Sadewa , Irawan Januar Fery , Wicaksono Luthfi Amri 
Published: May 2020

The retaining wall at Jember-Banyuwangi Road KM 234+500 consists of primer structure and secondary structure. The structure has a crack failure that the length is 2,5 m vertically. The back analysis is needed retaining wall stability and strength reduction stability. Methods used in stability calculations by Das method which calculate based on a failure of overturning, sliding, and bearing capacity, meanwhile strength reduction stability used by Plaxis program. The result stability calculations review Cross Section 1, 7, and 14 to check for overturning are 1,07 ; 1,29 ; 1,31 respectively, check for sliding are 0,87 ; 1,10 ; 1,16 respectively, check for bearing capacity failure are 6,64 ; 5,93 ; 6,83, check for strength reduction are 0,98 ; 0,99 ; 1,15 respectively.
Dinding penahan tanah (DPT) di Jalan Raya Jember-Banyuwang KM 234+500 terdiri dari struktur utama dan struktur sekunder. Dinding penahan tanah tersebut mengalami kerusakan (crack) pada bagian atas struktur dengan panjang crack sepanjang 2,5 m secara vertikal. Diperlukan analisis balik stabilitas dinding penahan tanah dan pengurangan kekuatan untuk mengetahui penyebab kerusakan struktur DPT. Metode yang digunakan dalam perhitungan stabilitas tanah dengan metode Das yang meninjau cek terhadap guling, geser, dan kegagalan daya dukung, sedangkan stabilitas pengurangan kekuatan dengan program Plaxis. Hasil perhitungan stabilitas meninjau bagian struktur utama Cross Section 1, 7, 14 untuk cek terhadap guling masing-masing 1,07 ; 1,29 ; 1,31, cek terhadap geser masing-masing 0,87 ; 1,10 ; 1,16, cek terhadap kegagalan daya dukung masing-masing 6,64 ; 5,93 ; 6,83, cek terhadap pengurangan kekuatan 0,98 ; 0,99 ; 1,15.
Three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg praziquantel for Schistosoma haematobium infection is a safe and effective treatment regimen.
Authors: Darko Samuel Nkansah , Hanson Henry , Ankrah Sampson Twumasi , Baffour Sandra , Adjei-Kusi Priscilla , Yar Denis , Owusu-Dabo Ellis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Praziquantel (PZQ) is the standard treatment for Schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is evidence suggesting praziquantel treatment failure in Schistosome infections with associated potential renal impairment. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three monthly doses of 60 mg/kg/day PZQ on schistosome egg count, liver and renal function during the treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana.Methods: A nested case-control study was designed from a cohort screened for schistosomiasis; 28 schistosomiasis positive cases by microscopy matched with 53 healthy controls by age and gender. The study population was urban dwellers from the Asokwa sub-metropolitan area, Kumasi in Ghana. Participants were within the age range of 6 to 30 years. We assessed Schistosoma haematobium egg counts in urine and its associated impact on liver and renal function at baseline, treatment and post-treatment phases using serum. Results: Of the 28 cases and 53 controls, 78.6% and (81.1% were males respectively. Globulin levels before treatment was higher in cases [36.7 (32.8, 40.1) vrs 30.5 (22.4, 33.8), p=0.005] at pre-treatment but not at post-treatment [35.8 (31.2, 39.1) vrs 37.4 (29.7, 43.0), p= 0.767]. Estimated cure rate was 42.9%, 46.4% and 96.4% after first, second and third dose respectively. Schistosome egg counts dropped significantly (p= 0.001) from before second dose to post-treatment. Similarly, levels of alanine aminotransferase (p=0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p=0.028) and gamma glutamyl transferase (p=0.001) significantly declined towards post-treatment. Estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly improved from before second dose to post-treatment using both the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Program (p=0.001) and 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (p=0.002) equations. Conclusion: Treatment of urinary Schistosoma hematobium infections with a repeated high monthly dose of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel for 3 months is safe and effective.
Using Pulse Oximetry Waveforms to Detect Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Sorensen Matthew , Sadiq Ismail , Clifford Gari D. , Maher Kevin O. , Oster Matthew E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Coarctation of the aorta is a common form of critical congenital heart disease that remains challenging to diagnose prior to clinical deterioration. Despite current screening methods infants with coarctation may present with life threatening cardiogenic shock requiring urgent hospitalization and intervention. We sought to improve critical congenital heart disease screening by using a novel pulse oximetry waveform analysis, specifically focused on detection of coarctation of the aorta. Methods and Results Over a 2-year period, we obtained pulse oximetry waveform data on 18 neonates with coarctation of the aorta and 18 age-matched controls hospitalized in the cardiac intensive care unit at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. Patients with coarctation were receiving Prostaglandin E1 and had a patent ductus arteriosus. By analyzing discrete features in the waveforms, we identified statistically significant differences in the maximum rate of fall between patients with and without coarctation. This was accentuated when comparing the difference between the upper and lower extremities, with the lower extremities having a shallow slope angle when a coarctation was present (p-value 0.001). Postoperatively, there were still differences in the maximum rate of fall between the repaired coarctation patients and controls; however, these differences normalized when compared with the same individual’s upper vs. lower extremities. Coarctation patients compared to themselves (preoperatively and postoperatively), demonstrated waveform differences between upper and lower extremities that were significantly reduced after successful surgery (p-value 0.028). This screening algorithm had an accuracy of detection of 72% with 0.61 sensitivity and 0.94 specificity. Conclusions We were able to identify specific features in pulse oximetry waveforms that were unique to patients with coarctation and further demonstrated that these changes normalized after surgical repair. Pulse oximetry screening for congenital heart disease in neonates may thus be improved by including waveform analysis, aiming to identify coarctation of the aorta prior to critical illness. Further large-scale testing is required to validate this screening model among patients in a newborn nursery setting who are low risk for having coarctation.
The Effect of Transtheoretical Model-lead Intervention for Knee Osteoarthritis in Older Adults: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Wang Limin , Chen Hongbo , Lu Han , Wang Yunlin , Liu Congying , Dong Xu , Chen Jieru , Liu Nan , Yu Fang , Wan Qiaoqin , Shang Shaomei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common joint disease in people over 60 years old. Exercise therapy is one of the most effective non-pharmacological treatments for KOA, but low exercise adherence needs to be improved. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Transtheoretical Model-lead home exercise intervention (TTM-HEI) program on exercise adherence, KOA symptoms, and knee function in older adults with KOA. Methods: A two-arm, superiority, assessor-blinded, cluster randomized trial was conducted. Community-dwelling older adults with KOA were recruited from 14 community centers in Beijing, China, via print and social media advertisements from April to October 2018. The present study lasted 48 weeks, with an intervention duration of 0–24 weeks and follow-up time of 24–48 weeks. The intervention was a two-stage and 24-week TTM-based exercise program, and the control group underwent a same-length exercise program guidance without any exercise-adherence interventions. The primary outcome was exercise adherence to the prescribed home exercise program and was measured using an 11-point numerical (0=not at all through and 10=completely as instructed) self-rating scale at week 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 after the program started. KOA symptoms (pain intensity and joint stiffness) were measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and knee function (lower limb muscle strength and balance) was measured using the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test (FTSST) and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) at baseline, week 24 and week 48. Latent growth model (GLM), repeated measures ANOVA, and independent t-test were the main statistical tests used.Results: A total of 189 older adults (intervention group: n = 103, control group: n = 86) were enrolled. Differences of any outcome measures at baseline were not significant between groups. The growth rate of exercise adherence in the intervention group increased 2.175 units compared with the control group (unstandardized coefficient of slope on group B2 = 2.175, p < 0.001), and the intervention program maintained participants’ exercise adherence with 5.56 (SD = 1.00) compared with 3.16 (SD = 1.31) in the control group at week 48. In addition, TTM-HEI program showed significant effects on relieving KOA symptoms and improving knee function.Conclusion: Over time, TTM-HEI could improve participants’ exercise adherence, KOA symptoms, and knee function.Trial registration: This study was approved by the ethics committee (IRB00001052-17066) in July 2017 and was registered at Chinese Clinical Trails Registry (website: www.chictr.org.cn, registry number: ChiCTR1800015458).
Prion peptide-mediated calcium level alteration governs neuronal cell damage through AMPK-autophagy flux
Authors: Moon Ji-Hong , Park Sang-Youel 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The distinctive molecular structure of the prion protein, PrPsc, is established only in mammals with infectious prion diseases. Prion protein characterizes either the transmissible pathogen itself or a primary constituent of the disease. Our report suggested that prion-mediated neuronal cell death is triggered by the autophagy flux. However, the alteration of intracellular calcium levels, AMPK activity in prion models has not been described. This study is focused on the effect of the changes in intracellular calcium levels on AMPK/autophagy flux pathway and PrP (106–126)-induced neurotoxicity. Methods Western blot and Immunocytochemistry was used to detect AMPK and autophagy-related protein expression. Flow cytometry and a TdT-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to detect the percentage of apoptotic cells. Calcium measurement was employed using fluo-4 by confocal microscope. Results We examined the effect of calcium homeostasis alterations induced by human prion protein on the autophagy flux in neuronal cells. Treatment with human prion protein increased the intracellular calcium concentration and induced cell death in primary neurons as well as in a neuronal cell line. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we showed that the L-type calcium channel is involved in the cellular entry of calcium ions. Inhibition of calcium uptake prevented autophagic cell death and reduction in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity induced by human prion protein. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that prion protein-mediated calcium inflow plays a pivotal role in prion protein-induced autophagic cell death, and reduction in AMPK activity in neurons. Altogether, our results suggest that calcium influx might play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases.
A daf-7-related TGF-β ligand (Hc-tgh-2) shows important regulations on the development of Haemonchus contortus
Authors: He Li , Liu Hui , Zhang Biying , Li Fangfang , Di Wenda , Wang Chunqun , Zhou Caixian , Liu Lu , Li Tingting , Zhang Ting , Fang Rui , Hu Min 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background In most multicellular organisms, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway is involved in regulating the growth and stem cell differentiation. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of three key molecules in this pathway in the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus , including one TGF-β type I receptor ( Hc-tgfbr1 ), one TGF-β type II receptor ( Hc-tgfbr2 ), and one co-Smad ( Hc-daf-3 ), which regulated the developmental transition from the free-living to the parasitic stages of this parasite. However, almost nothing is known about the function of the TGF-β ligand ( Hc-tgh-2 ) of H. contortus . Methods Here, the temporal transcription profiles of Hc-tgh-2 at eight different developmental stages and spacial expression patterns of Hc- TGH-2 in adult female and male worms of H. contortus have been examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, RNA interference (RNAi) by soaking was employed to assess the importance of Hc-tgh-2 in the development from exsheathed third-stage larvae (xL3s) to fourth-stage larvae (L4s) in H. contortus . Results Hc-tgh-2 was continuously transcribed in all eight developmental stages of H. contortus studied with the highest level in the infective third-stage larvae (iL3) and Hc -TGH-2 was located in the muscle of the body wall, intestine, ovary of adult females and testes of adult males. Silencing Hc-tgh-2 by the specific double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), decreased the transcript level of Hc-tgh-2 and resulted in fewer xL3s developing to L4s in vitro. Conclusions These results suggested that the TGF-β ligand, Hc -TGH-2, could play important roles in the developmental transition from the free-living (L3s) to the parasitic stage (L4s). Furthermore, it may also take part in the processes such as digestion, absorption, host immune response and reproductive development in H. contortus adults.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Endophthalmitis: Case Series and Review Literature
Authors: Pinitpuwadol Warinyupa , Tesavibul Nattaporn , Boonsophon Sutasinee , Sakiyalak Darin , Sarunket Sucheera , Choopong Pitipol 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: To report three cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) endophthalmitis following multiple ocular surgeries and to review previous literature in order to study the clinical profile, treatment modalities, and visual outcomes among patients with NTM endophthalmitis.Methods: Clinical manifestation and management of patients with NTM endophthalmitis in the Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand were described. In addition, a review of previously reported cases and case series from MEDLINE was performed. The clinical information and type of NTM from the previous studies and our cases were summarized.Results: We reported three cases of NTM endophthalmitis caused by M. haemophilum, M. fortuitum and M. abscessus and a summarized review of 95 additional cases previously published. Of 98 patients, there were 85 exogenous endophthalmitis (86.7%) and 13 endogenous endophthalmitis (13.3%). The patients’ age ranged from 13 to 89 years with mean of 61.1±18.7 years with no gender predominance. Exogenous endophthalmitis occurred in both healthy and immunocompromised hosts, mainly caused by cataract surgery (62.4%). In contrast, almost all endogenous endophthalmitis patients were either primary or secondary immunocompromised. Among all patients, previous history of tuberculosis infection was identified in 4 cases (4.1%). Rapid growing NTMs were responsible for exogenous endophthalmitis, while endogenous endophthalmitis were commonly caused by slow growers. Treatment regimens consisted of macrolides, fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides, which were continued for up to 12 months. Initial and final vision were generally worse than 6/60. There were no significant differences of initial and final vision between exogenous and endogenous causes (p=1.000, 0.446, respectively).Conclusions: NTM endophthalmitis is a serious intraocular infection that leads to irreversible loss of vision. The presentation can mimic a chronic recurrent or persistent intraocular inflammation. History of multiple intraocular surgeries or immune-deficiency in patient with chronic panuveitis should raise the practioner’s suspicion of NTM endophthalmitis. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment are important to optimize visual outcome.
Live Poultry Market Closure and Avian Influenza A (H7N9) infection in cities of China, 2013-2017: An ecological study
Authors: Chen Ying , Cheng Jian , Xu Zhiwei , Hu Wenbiao , Lu Jiahai 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Previous studies have proven that the closure of live poultry markets (LPMs) was an effective intervention to reduce human risk of avian influenza A (H7N9) infection, but evidence is limited on the impact of scale and duration of LPMs closure on the transmission of H7N9. Method Five cities (i.e., Shanghai, Suzhou, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou) with the largest number of H7N9 cases in mainland China from 2013-2017 were selected in this study. Data on laboratory-confirmed H7N9 human cases in those five cities were obtained from the Chinese National Influenza Centre. The detailed information of LPMs closure (i.e., area and duration) was obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture. We used a generalized linear model with a Poisson link to estimate the effect of LPMs closure, reported as relative risk reduction (RRR). We used classification and regression trees (CARTs) to select and quantify the dominant factor of H7N9 infection. Results All five cities implemented the LPMs closure, and the risk of H7N9 infection decreased significantly after LPMs closure with RRR ranging from 0.80-0.93. Respectively, a long-term LPMs closure for 10-13 weeks elicited a sustained and highly significant risk reduction of H7N9 infection (RRR = 0.98). Short-time LPMs closure with 2 weeks in every epidemic did not reduce the risk of H7N9 infection (p>0.05). Partially closed LPMs in some suburbs contributed only 35% for reduction rate (RRR=0.35). Shenzhen implemented partial closure for first 3 epidemics (p>0.05) and all closure in the latest 2 epidemic waves (RRR=0.64). Conclusion Our findings suggest that LPMs all closure in whole city can be a highly effective measure comparing with partial closure (i.e. only urban closure, suburb and country remain open). Extend the duration of closure and consider permanently closing the LPMs will help improve the control effect. The effect of LPMs closure is greater than that of meteorology on H7N9 transmission.
Efficacy of Chloroquine versus Lopinavir/Ritonavir in mild/general COVID-19: a prospective, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Liu Xi , Chen Huili , Shang Yuqi , Zhu Hongqiong , Chen Gongqi , Chen Yuanli , Liu Shaoxuan , Zhou Yaoyong , Huang Mingxing , Hong Zhongsi , Xia Jinyu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia is very serious, and no effective antiviral treatment has been confirmed. The fresh drug research and development cycle is too long to meet clinical emergency needs, and "old drugs and brand new applications" have a huge therapeutic potential. During our previous treatment, we found that the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment recommended in the Fifth edition of the treatment plan had little effect. Earlier studies have shown that chloroquine can inhibit coronavirus replication through multiple mechanisms. Our previous use of chloroquine to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2(novel coronavirus)-infected pneumonia has a higher negative rate of nucleic acid in throat swabs within 5 days after administration than that using lopinavir/ritonavir. However, the half-life and side effects of chloroquine vary greatly among individuals. Methods/design We plan to conduct a prospective, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled, comprehensive treatment clinical study. The study consisted of three phases: a screening period of 1-110 days, a treatment period of no more than 28 days, and a follow-up period of 1 month. Participants will be assessed at baseline and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 21, and 28 after the intervention begins. In this study, chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir tablets were used to treat patients with eligible novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosed at various centers between February 12, 2020 and May 31, 2020. The efficacy and safety of chloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir are to be evaluated. At the same time, explore the correlation between patient genetic polymorphisms and chloroquine steady-state concentration, therapeutic effects and adverse reactions in the body. It is an anti-virus for pneumonitis caused by novel coronavirus. The optimization and update of the antiviral treatment plan provides evidence-based evidence. Disscussion Our study is a prospective, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled, comprehensive treatment clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of chloroquine phosphate and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with mild/general COVID-2019. The results of this study will provide valuable clinical evidence for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia.
Revealing the full-length transcriptome of caucasian clover rhizome development
Authors: Yin Xiujie , Yi Kun , Zhao Yihang , Hu Yao , Li Xu , He Taotao , Liu Jiaxue , Cui Guowen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a strongly rhizomatous, low-crowned perennial leguminous and ground-covering grass. The species may be used as an ornamental plant and is resistant to cold, arid temperatures and grazing due to a well-developed underground rhizome system and a strong clonal reproduction capacity. However, the posttranscriptional mechanism of the development of the rhizome system in caucasian clover has not been comprehensively studied. Additionally, a reference genome for this species has not yet been published, which limits further exploration of many important biological processes in this plant. Result: We adopted PacBio Sequencing and Illumina Sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts in five tissues taproot (T1), horizontal rhizome (T2), swelling of taproot (T3), rhizome bud (T4) and rhizome bud tip (T5) of the caucasian clover rhizome. In total, we obtained 19.82 GB clean data and 80,654 nonredundant transcripts were analysed. Additionally, we identified 78,209 open reading frames (ORFs), 65,227 coding sequences (CDSs), 58,276 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 6,821 alternative splicing (AS) sites, 24,29 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 4,501 putative transcription factors (TFs) from 64 different families. Compared with other tissues, T5 exhibited more differentially expressed genes, and co-upregulated genes in T5 are mainly annotated as involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We also identified betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) as a highly expressed gene-specific to T5. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) cluster analysis of transcription factors and physiological indicators were combined to reveal 11 candidate genes (MEgreen-GA3), three of which belong to the HB-KNOX family, that are up-regulated in T3. We analysed 276 differential transcripts involved in hormone signaling and transduction, and the largest number of transcripts are associated with the IAA signaling pathway, with significant up-regulation in T2 and T5. Conclusions: Taken together, this study contributes to our understanding of gene expression across five different tissues and provides preliminary insight into rhizome growth and development in caucasian clover.