bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hygienic assessment of mobile communication base stations electromagnetic field exposure
Authors: Perov S Yu , Belaya O V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The mobile networks base stations electromagnetic field exposure is the important subject of hygienic assessment, control, monitoring and significant concern in modern society. The Russian assessment approach needs electromagnetic field of multiple sources exposure estimation improvement by application of selective methods for the worst possible case. The general scheme for maximal electromagnetic field exposure assessment from GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G/NR modern base stations on the basis of international approach are considered. The results of selective electromagnetic field measurements performed for actual and maximal possible exposure assessment in the vicinity of LTE base station are presented.
Radioactive particles: biokinetic transfer parameters in the GIT of monogastric animals
Authors: Shapovalov S , Kozmin G , Zenkin A , Denisova E , Kurachenko Yu , Fesenko S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Transfer of radioactive particles in the environment is an important issue important for both radiobiology and radioecology. The article presents an analysis of the main patterns of “hot” radioactive particles transport in the digestive tract of monogastric animals (rats, guinea pigs and pigs), which serve as reference organisms in the tasks of assessing the radiation risk of environmental contamination. The models of particle transport in the gastrointestinal tract of monogastric animals were developed and their parameters were estimated.
Influence of gamma irradiation on mortality of two age groups of the terrestrial mollusk F. fruticum
Authors: Trofimova L A , Cherkasova E E , Lavrentyeva G V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Laboratory studies were carried out to identify the effect of gamma radiation on mortality of the terrestrial mollusk F. Fruticum in the range of doses from 10 Gy to 100 Gy. Two age groups of mollusks were studied: fingerlings (0-1 years) and mature individuals. It is found that the use of terrestrial mollusks of the first age group for laboratory experiments is impractical due to their high sensitivity to changes in environmental parameters. The LD50/60 value is determined for mollusks of second age group as 60.7-119.3 Gy. The time dependence of the change in the mortality of the mollusks was revealed. An increase in the dose of irradiation leads to an increase in the mortality of terrestrial mollusks irradiated at medium and high doses in eleven months after exposure. The effect of low doses on the mortality rate is observed in eight months after exposure.
Biological efficiency of ultra- and hypofractionated irradiation of a proton scanning beam
Authors: Troshina M V , Vasilev K G , Koryakina E V , Potetnya V I , Solovev A N , Golovanova O Yu , Koryakin S N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The results of the protons biological effectiveness on tumor cells under hypofractionated irradiation with the division of a single (daily) dose into two, three, and four equal fractions (ultrafractionation) are presented. The proposed schemes for splitting the daily dose into fractions were selected in order to reduce the dose to healthy tissues and critical organs located at the proton beam pathway.
Biophysical and socioeconomic drivers of oil palm expansion in Indonesia
Authors: Xin Yu , Sun Laixiang , Hansen Matthew C 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Indonesia has been the largest supplier of palm oil since 2007, and now supplies around 56% of the global market. While the existing literature has paid serious attention to the diverse impacts of oil palm plantation on socioeconomic factors and the environment, less is known about the joint role of biophysical and socioeconomic factors in shaping the temporal and spatial dynamics of oil palm expansion. This research investigates how the benefits and costs of converting other land use/ land cover (LULC) types to oil palm plantation affects these expansion patterns. We employ a spatial panel modeling approach to assess the contributions of biophysical and socioeconomic driving factors. Our modeling focuses on Sumatra and Kalimantan, two islands which have accounted for more than 90% of oil palm expansion in Indonesia since 1990, with Sumatra holding the majority of the country’s plantations, and Kalimantan having the highest growth rate since 2000. The results show that the expansion in Kalimantan, which has been strongly stimulated by the export value of palm oil products, has occurred in areas with better biophysical suitability and infrastructure accessibility, following the ‘pecking order’ sequence, whereby more productive areas are already occupied by existing agriculture and plantations, and avoiding areas with high environmental values or socioeconomic costs. As demand for palm oil continues to grow, and land resources become more limited, the expansion in Kalimantan will tend towards the dynamics observed in Sumatra, with plantation expanding into remote and fertile areas with high conversion costs or legal barriers. Bare ground seems to have served as a clearing-up tactic to meet the procedural requirements of oil palm plantation for sustainable development. This research facilitates the improved projection of potential areas liable to future expansion, and the development of strategies to manage the leading drivers of LULC in Indonesia.
Circular economy approach for mealworm industrial production for human consumption
Authors: Nava A.L. , Higareda T.E. , Barreto C. , Rodríguez R. , Márquez I. , Palacios M.L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
United Nations has settled that in 2050 world population could reach 9.8 billion people so the food and protein requirements will increase, on the basis of this, the actual paper presents a proposal for a circular economy approach of the industrial production process of the edible insect Tenebrio molitor (T. molitor) as food. Edible insects are a great solution because of their source of protein, omegas and minerals they are considered as an alternative to ensure food security in a sustainable way. The process of breeding and harvesting T. molitor has been designed from the perspective of maximum use of all the resources involved, reducing waste production, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions and the use of all by-products derived from the process, with the aim to be used in agriculture, pharmacy, food and feed. Throughout the course of the T. molitor’s breeding needs to be supplied by organic food and a minimal use of water obtained by fruits and vegetables; all the waste generated by it: frass and exoskeletons (chitin), can be reuse with agricultural organic fertilizer purposes (flowering) and it is a great value supply in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, that is why the importance of recovering of the larva’s exoskeleton from the process. The processes of breeding and harvesting of the T. molitor from its beetle stage to the larval stage are described in the ‘know how’ to obtain an edible organic product as a powder or simply as a dehydrated product.
Minimizing heterogeneity of VOS observations for improving estimates of short-wave radiation over the oceans
Authors: Aleksandrova M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper describes the development of climatologies of short-wave radiation over the ocean using visually observed cloud cover from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS). For producing climatology of short-wave radiation, we applied bulk parameterization (known as SAIL/IOARAS). For a proper computation of short-wave radiation values special effort was taken to reduce sampling errors in cloud cover from ICOADS. Specifically, we consider the uncertainties associated with temporal inhomogeneity of observations and potentially implying biases in short-wave radiation estimates related to the astronomy factors critical for short-wave radiation. For this purpose, we propose simple and effective algorithms.
Factors of natural climate variability contributing to the Early 20th Century Warming in the Arctic
Authors: Bokuchava D D , Semenov V A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Early 20th century warming (ETCW) in the Northern Polar region was comparable by its average pace to the modern warming, but the mechanism of this climate anomaly remains a matter of debate. The key issue is to assess the contribution of internal variability and external natural and human impacts. Internal variability is one of the most likely mechanisms that may explain a large part of ETCW. This paper provides an overview of the existing mechanisms of internal climate variability responsible for the long-term climate anomaly in the mid-twentieth century.
Sea ice retreat and its impact on cyclone activity in the Nordic Seas: insights from coupled regional climate model simulations
Authors: Dembitskaya M A , Akperov M , Semenov V A , Mokhov I I , Bokuchava D D , Dorn W , Rinke A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The impact of sea ice concentration (SIC) changes in the Nordic Seas on the winter cyclone activity in the Nordic Seas is analyzed in 10-member ensemble simulations with the coupled Arctic atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model HIRHAM-NAOSIM for the 1979–2016 period. The analysis reveals that anomalously low SIC in the Nordic Seas leads to decrease in vertical atmospheric static stability, and thus may result in favorable conditions for cyclogenesis in the Nordic Seas. Our analysis also shows a statistically significant increase of cyclone frequency over the Nordic Seas under conditions of the low SIC regime.
The influence of anthropogenic heat fluxes on the temperature and wind regimes of the Moscow and St. Petersburg regions
Authors: Dokukin S A , Ginzburg A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Anthropogenic heat fluxes (AHF) have a significant impact on the weather and climate characteristics of urbanized territories. AHF plays a crucial role in the formation of an urban heat island. The structure of the urban heat island is determined not only by the AHF distribution but also by the location of the city. Moscow and St. Petersburg are the two largest Russian cities located in significantly different climatic conditions with the highest value of the AHF. In this article we compare the influence of the AHF on the temperature and wind regimes in Moscow and St. Petersburg regions.
Evaluation of large-scale smoke aerosol fluxes on the example of Siberian boreal forest fires in July 2016
Authors: Gorchakov G I , Semoutnikova E G , Karpov A V , Gushchin R A , Datsenko O I , Tekarev R R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A technique is proposed for determining of the large-scale smoke aerosol fluxes using a wind field reanalysis data and the satellite monitoring data of the aerosol optical depths and the vertical profile of the attenuation coefficient. The directions of the long-range transport of the Siberian smoke haze fragments were determined in July 2016. The maximum large-scale mass fluxes and the total mass of the smoke aerosol during the transfer of air masses through the Ural meridian to the west (0.38*106 ton/day and 1.38*106 tons) and through the 115ºE meridian to the east (0.26*106 ton/day and 0.72*106 tons) were estimated.
Manifestation of the 11-year solar cycle in the North Atlantic climate
Authors: Gruzdev A N , Bezverkhnii V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Analysis of fluctuations in the climate of the North Atlantic associated with the 11-year solar cycle is done using empirical data of the sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST) for 1870-2012 and data of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and Central England temperature. Emphasis is placed on the regions of the Icelandic and Azores atmospheric centers of action (CA). Methods of multiple linear regression and cross-wavelet analysis are used. The analysis reveals decadal oscillations of the SLP lagging by ∼3 years relative to the sunspot number, in the area of the Azores CA in the winter and autumn seasons. SLP variations that are approximately in phase with the solar cycle are noted in autumn in the Icelandic CA. Solar-related SLP variations in the Icelandic CA in winter occur approximately in anti-phase with the variations in the Azores CA, at smaller lag behind the solar cycle. SLP variations associated with the solar cycle are comparable in amplitude to variations due to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). SST variations associated with the solar cycle are also revealed. They are several times weaker than variations due to the AMO, but of the same order of magnitude as variations due to the ENSO. The relation of the NAO index to the solar cycle is alternating and experiences modulation with a period of about 50 years.
The black carbon content variations in the Arctic region during 2011 - 2018
Authors: Kopeikin V M , Shevchenko V P , Malafeev G V , Novigatsky A N , Pankratova N V , Ya Ponomareva T , Skorokhod A I , Shtabkin Yu A , Makhotina I A , Makhotin M S , Yu Churakova E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Data on black carbon (BC) concentrations obtained from the board of research vessels (R/V), “Acad. Mstislav Keldysh”, “Acad. M. A. Lavrentyev” and “Prof. Molchanov” in 2011–2018. They were used to study the quantitative distribution of black carbon in the driving air layer over the seas of the Russian Arctic in the summer-autumn period and to determine its main source regions. Variations in the BC content in the near water layer of the atmosphere at the North Pole, in the Norwegian, Barents, Kara, East Siberian Seas and the Laptev Sea are obtained. As a result of 12 marine expeditions in the summer-autumn period of 2011 - 2018 the BC concentration in the atmospheric drive layer in the Arctic was mainly at the background level and averaged 47 ng/m3 (9-95 ng/m3). An increase in the BC concentration by several times, as shown by trajectory analysis, occurs occasionally upon receipt of air masses from the mainland, from areas of associated gas combustion. Low BC values were observed when air masses passed over the water surface from the northern regions of the Arctic. The BC concentration above the water surface depends on the state of the atmosphere in the region of soot sources on the mainland.
The assessment of salinity impact on surface water mass transformation in the North Atlantic
Authors: Kukushkin V M , Yu Markina M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, we investigate sensitivity of total surface water transformation to salinity from different data sources. Here we use surface salinity from NCEP CFSv2 reanalysis, GLORYS ocean reanalysis, Aquarius satellite data and ISAS-15 (product of optimal interpolation of ARGO buoys) as well as heat and freshwater fluxes from NCEP CFSv2 reanalysis. The largest spread in estimates of salinity is observed for Aquarius satellite in subpolar regions. The best correspondence between transformation computed using salinity from different datasets is observed for subtropical waters. Model-based products (CFSv2 and GLORYS) are the most consistent in estimates of surface water transformation and the largest discrepancies between these datasets are observed in the regions with high freshwater fluxes.
Seasonal and interannual variability of CO2 above the moist tropical forest of southern Vietnam
Authors: Kurbatova J A , Aleshnovskij V S , Kuricheva O A , Avilov V K , Bezrukova A V , Gazaryan V A , Chulichkov A I , Shapkina N E 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study of seasonal and interannual variability of CO2concentration above the moist tropical forest in southern Vietnam. Experimental data were collected during year-long observation of CO2directly in the forest from 2012 to 2017. All data were obtained through the use of an air intake tube, placed on a metal tower at a height of 46 m and connected to a Li-Cor 820 gas analyzer (Li-Cor Inc., USA) located in a building at the foot of the tower. The values of the concentration were recorded with a resolution of 1 second; for further analysis, all data was averaged to 0.5 h values. Statistical processing based on the Fourier analysis allowed to evaluate the main characteristics of the annual distribution of CO2concentration, such as the amplitude and phase, as well as to analyze their variability over the years. The results of the study showed a presence of a well-determined annual course of CO2concentration above the canopy of the moist tropical forest.
European temperature anomalies in the cold period associated with ENSO events
Authors: Lubkov A S , Voskresenskaya E N , Marchukova O V , Evstigneev V P 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
El Niño (EN) and La Niña (LN) manifestations in the air surface temperature fields over the Europe are studied in present paper using pan-European E-OBS 19.0e gridded data for 1950-2018 and 20CRv2c reanalysis data for 1870-2014. Particular accent was put on winter severity in the Azov Sea region. Taking into account the Eastern and Central types of both EN and LN events sorted out previously, composites of monthly and ten-day air temperature anomalies were obtained for each type of events. The anomalies of each month from October “0” year (the year when event began) to April “+1” year (the year following “0” year) were analyzed. The typical features of statistically significant manifestations in European air temperature for the Eastern and Central types of EN and LN events were described.
The response of the Arctic Ocean gas hydrate associated with subsea permafrost to natural and anthropogenic climate changes
Authors: Malakhova V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present an assessment of changes in the gas hydrates stability zone of the Arctic Ocean associated with subsea permafrost conditions. To evaluate the formation and dissociation of gas hydrates under the climatic conditions of the last glacial cycle, it is necessary to understand how the thickness of the permafrost has changed after flooding by the sea. To do this, we have combined two numerical models: a model of permafrost dynamics based on the paleoclimatic scenario of changes in temperature and ocean level, and a model of the methane hydrates stability zone (MHSZ). Calculations of changes in the thickness of the submarine permafrost and the MHSZ were carried out for the period of 120 thousand years. Our results show that, although changes in the bottom water temperature over the last-decades period affect the hydrate stability zone, the main changes with this zone occurring after flooding the Arctic shelf with the seawater. As a result of the combined simulation of the permafrost and state of MHSZ, it was found that in the shallow shelf areas (lower 50 m water depth) after flooding, the hydrate presence conditions in the upper 100-meter layer of the MHSZ are violated. This suggests that the methane coming from this reservoir is concentrated in the bottom sediments of the shelf, and then released into the water, continuing to adapt to changing sea levels, rising bottom water temperatures, and subsea permafrost melting.
Changes of sea waves characteristics in the Arctic basin from model ensemble simulations for the 21st century
Authors: Mokhov I I , Pogarskiy F A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A significant reduction of the Arctic sea ice extent enhances the sea waves activity in the Arctic Ocean. In this paper we analyze characteristics of wind waves activity in the Arctic basin using the WAVEWATCH III model simulations forced by wind and sea ice fields derived from the CMIP5 global climate models under different scenarios. A relative contribution of wind seas and swells to the total sea waves activity in the Arctic basin from model simulations is assessed and compared to that based on reanalysis data and satellite observations. Possible changes of sea waves characteristics from model simulations for the 21st century with anthropogenic scenarios are estimated. Regional estimates of various states of sea waves (such as wind seas, swells and their interaction, chop-like events) are performed, in particular for the Atlantic sector of the Arctic basin.
Atmospheric composition study based on ship measurements in the Russian Arctic seas in summer 2019
Authors: Pankratova N V , Belikov I B , Belousov V A , Skorokhod A I , Muravya V O , Flint M V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present observation results of methane (CH4), its isotopic signature (δ13CCH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) surface concentrations, made aboard the research vessel (R/V) “Akademik Mstislav Keldysh” in the Russian Arctic seas in summer 2019. The main goal of the study is to determine the possible sources of methane. As a result of the study, localized areas with an increased methane concentration (up to 2092 ppb) in the surface layer are identified. It may be related to the advection of water masses rich in organic matter from the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. In addition, increased methane concentrations (up to 2010 ppb) are observed in the Kara Sea near the Yamal Peninsula, where gas deposits are concentrated, and active methane emissions from wetland ecosystems are noted. We conclude that the average concentration of methane in surface air in the Arctic seas is determined mainly by large-scale transport of air masses.
Climatic Changes on the Territory of the Volga Federal District
Authors: Perevedentsev Y P , Shantalinskii K M , Guryanov V V , Aukhadeev T R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Climatic changes in the Middle Volga District observed from 1828 to 2018 are examined. Long-term air temperature variations are monitored using observation data from Meteorological Observatory of Kazan University (MO KU) (1828-2018), and from 5 meteorological stations located in Orenburg, Penza, Perm, Saratov, Ufa (1885—2018). Spatiotemporal variability of the air temperature and atmospheric precipitations is researched in the Volga Federal District (VFD) on the basis of data from 200 meteorological stations (1954-2018) and NCEP/NCAR, ERA-Interim, ERA5 reanalysis data (1979-2018). The general tendency towards the air temperature rise has been identified for the period considered (in Kazan the annual air temperature mean increased by 4°ccccc from 1828 to 2018). It has also been revealed that the number of days with the minimum temperature (below -20°ccccc) tends to decrease throughout the year, while the number of days with the maximum temperature (over 25°ccccc) tends to increase. The dynamics of the low-frequency component with the period exceeding 15 years is studied for normalized air temperature and atmospheric precipitation anomalies in the VFD between 1954 and 2018. Distribution of great air temperature anomalies within the studied period is evaluated.