bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ernährungszustand bei Dialysepatienten
Authors: Radermacher Jörg 
Published: November 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Erkennung und Behandlung der Mangelernährung gehört zum klinischen Standard, wie es sich auch an einer verbesserten Ernährungssituation von Dialysepatienten in rezenten Untersuchungen widerspiegelt. Noch relativ neu ist der etwas unhandliche Begriff „chronic disease related malnutrition“ (C-DRM), der den immer noch gebräuchlicheren Begriff des „protein-energy wasting“ (PEW) ablösen sollte, da er die bei Dialysepatienten auch zur Mangelernährung beitragenden Ursachen besser widerspiegelt. In diesem Artikel wird gezeigt, wie eine C-DRM diagnostiziert werden kann. Es wird auf die wesentlichen Stellparameter für eine gute Ernährung beim Dialysepatienten eingegangen. Neben dem allgemeinen Kalorienbedarf findet dabei als Makronährstoff ausschließlich das Eiweiß (und das darin immer auch vorhandene Phosphat) Erwähnung. An Mineralien wird außerdem auf Natrium und Kalium eingegangen. Beim Vitaminbedarf werden nicht nur die wasserlöslichen – und damit während einer Dialyse herausgewaschenen – Vitamine behandelt, sondern auch die fettlöslichen. Auch an Vitamin D und K mangelt es nämlich häufig. Abschließend wird auf die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten wie die Diätberatung bzgl. einer verbesserten natürlichen Kost, Nahrungsergänzungsmittel, enterale Ernährung via perkutane endoskopische Gastrostomie (PEG) und den Nutzen der parenteralen Ernährung eingegangen.
Comparability in Cross-National Health Research Using Insurance
Claims Data: The Cases of Germany and The Netherlands
Authors: Hrzic Rok , Clemens Timo , Westra Daan , Brand Helmut 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Comparison is a key method in learning about what works in
health and healthcare. We discuss the importance of comparability in
cross-national health research using health insurance claims data, develop a
framework to systematically asses these threats and apply it to the German
(DaTraV) and Dutch (Vektis) national-level insurance claims datasets.
Methods We propose a framework of threats to the comparability of health
insurance claims databases, which includes three domains: (1) representation of
populations compared, (2) data sources and data processing and (3) database
contents and availability for research purposes. We apply the framework to
analyze the comparability of DaTraV and Vektis databases using publicly
available information (organization’s websites, scientific publications)
and our experiences from an interregional project on rare diseases (EMRaDi).
Results Both databases were created for the same purpose (morbidity-based
risk adjustment) and use the same underlying sources of data. Differences in
population representation and uncertainty about data processing procedures
represent potential sources of incomparability. Access for research purposes is
feasible in both databases but may be subject to long processing time.
Conclusions We find important threats to the comparability of the Dutch
and German national insurance claims databases and by extension to validity of
any comparative health studies that rely on them. Standard adjustment
techniques, making more information available about data collection and
processing procedures and adding more diagnosis-related descriptors offer ways
to overcome the identified threats to comparability.
Hip Arthroplasty with Increased Expectancy
Authors: Thiele Kathi , Hube Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe patientʼs demands and expectations after total hip arthroplasty have increased significantly. In particular, the athletic function is the focus of the patientʼs interest, whereby not the basic sports ability is inquired, but also the achievable sports level. The benefits of increased activity with a reduction in cardiovascular mortality and the minimization of osteoporosis risk are contrasted by amplified wear followed by prosthesis loosening. Activities are categorized in low-, intermediate- and high-impact kind of sport. Patient-based influencing factors such as physical condition and expertise in his sport, as well as the self-reference of the surgeon to the desired sport influence the recommendation and advice of the patient. Innovations in prosthesis design and materials technology allow meeting patientʼs expectations and aiming to improve the return to sport. After total hip arthroplasty, the majority of preoperatively active patients return to athletic
activity, although there is a tendency to shift from “high-impact” to “low-impact” sports. The currently recommended sports include swimming, cycling, Nordic walking, sailing, golf, hiking, dancing and cross-country skiing. A limited recommendation exists for tennis (single), alpine skiing, mountain hiking and sportive running. Not recommended are marathon, football, handball, volleyball, basketball, martial arts, high jump, water skiing and rock climbing. The recommendations are based primarily on expert opinions and are in a progressive extension including “high-impact” sports.
Pharmacokinetic and Tolerability Comparison of Sustained and
Immediate Release Oral Formulations of Nifedipine Tablet Formulations: A
Single-Dose, Randomized, Open-Label, Two-Period, Two-Way Crossover Study in
Healthy, Fasting Egyptian Male Volunteers
Authors: El-Masry Soha Mahmoud , El-Khodary Noha Mahmoud 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNifedipine is one of calcium channel blockers that commonly used clinically
to treat hypertension and angina in Egyptian patients. A sustained-release
(SR) formulation of nifedipine is available in the Egyptian community and
administered twice daily. This study aimed to to compare the
pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of a 20 mg SR and IR (immediate
release) formulation of nifedipine after single-dose administration in
healthy Egyptian subjects. Randomized, crossed open-label two- way clinical
trial, in 16 healthy adult volunteers, of 24.75±5.20 years, with BMI
23.26±1.756 were assessed. Blood samples were collected at
predefined times for 48 h and analyzed for Nifedipine plasma
concentrations using validated reversed phase liquid chromatography method
with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetics was determined using non-
compartmental model pharmacokinetics and analyzed using one-way ANOVA
(P≤0.05). Following a single oral administration, SR formulation had
a lower Cmax, compared to IR formulation (54.46±17.75 ,
107.45±29.85 ng/mL, respectively), and
Tmax was significantly longer (2.97 vs. 1.13 h) for
the SR and IR formulation, respectively. There was no significant difference
between the SR and the IR formulations for AUC0–last and
AUC0-∞ (326.7±98.28 vs.
309.27±105.53 ng·h·mL−1
and 380.9 ± 105.24 vs.
334.36±108.1 ng·h·mL−1,
respectively). SR formulation of nifedipine showed similar pharmacokinetics
to the IR Formulation (F%=1.049), but it additionally allows
a less frequent administration. Therefore, The nifedipine SR and IR
formulations were well tolerated and displayed comparable safety
profiles.
Clinical Outcome of Dorsal Cervical C1–C2 Fusion Using C1 Lateral Mass Screws, C2 Lamina Screws, and Interarcual Bone Graft Technique
Authors: Baschera Dominik , Tosic Lazar , Oberle Joachim , Golubovic Jagos , Alfieri Alex 
Published: November 2019

Aims To evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of patients treated with dorsal cervical C1–C2 fusion using C1 lateral mass screws, C2 lamina screws, and interarcual bone graft.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiologic results of eight patients treated from 2011 to 2016. Neck pain, neurologic deficits, use of analgesics, vertebral artery injury, C2 root injury, radiologic fusion rate, malposition of screws, and implant failure were examined on day 3 and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively.
Results One patient required revision surgery for a right-sided medial cutout of a lamina screw. None of the patients had vascular or neurologic complications. All patients were pain free and had ceased all analgesic therapy at the first follow-up examination. At the 1-year follow-up there were no complaints of neck pain, no radiologic signs of implant failure were found, and a bony union between C1 and C2 was present in all patients.
Conclusion Dorsal cervical C1–C2 fusion using C1 lateral mass screws, C2 lamina screws, and interarcual bone graft are less common techniques, although they can be used safely and demonstrated excellent clinical results with regard to pain relief and a high fusion rate. The technique is an ideal alternative when other techniques are not safe for anatomical reasons.
Outcomes of Cases of Prenatally-Diagnosed Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Beksac Mehmet Sinan , Fadiloglu Erdem , Tanacan Atakan , Unal Canan , Tepe Neslihan Bayramoglu , Aydın Emine , Orgul Gokcen , Yurdakok Murat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the outcomes of cases of prenatally-diagnosed congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM).
Methods We retrospectively evaluated cases of prenatally-diagnosed CPAM between 2004 and 2018. Ultrasonographic features such as visualization of a fetal lung mass and heterogeneous pulmonary parenchyma were used for CPAM diagnosis. Prenatal and postnatal findings were compared in terms of accuracy regarding the CPAM diagnosis.
Results The sample consisted of 27 cases. There were four cases in which the patients opted for the termination of pregnancy due to the severity of the lesion. A total of 23 neonates were delivered, and CPAM was confirmed in 15 cases. The median gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks (28–40 weeks) and the mean birth weight was 2,776 g. There were two neonatal deaths, one due to pneumothorax, and the other due to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). A total of five patients with respiratory problems were operated in the postpartum period. There were eight misdiagnosis: bronchopulmonary sequestration (five cases), congenital lobar emphysema (two cases), and congenital diaphragm hernia (one case).
Conclusion A precise postnatal diagnosis is very important to organize the proper management of the pregnancies with fetuses with CPAM. The positive predictive value of the prenatal diagnosis of CPAM via ultrasonography is of 70.3%. The differential diagnosis of CPAM may be prolonged to the postpartum period in some cases.
Accessory Spleen in Human Fetuses: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Thomas Sonali , Sinha Devendra Nath , Singh Arvind Kumar , Deopa Deepa , Niranjan Richa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to assess the morphological and histological features of accessory spleen in formalin-preserved human fetuses.
Methods The study was conducted on spleen of 40 human fetuses of varied gestational ages without any congenital anomalies with due clearance from the ethical committee. The existence of accessory spleen was investigated during dissection. These were then dissected, weighed, and stained by hematoxylin and eosin as well as Masson’s trichrome method and observed under compound light microscope.
Results In 5 (12.5%) cases, the accessory spleen was revealed in fetuses aged between 29th and 40th gestational weeks. These were located near the splenic hilum. On histological examination, the tissue of accessory spleen revealed a well-defined capsule. White pulp was less differentiated as compared with red pulp area.
Conclusion The accessory spleen is often misdiagnosed by the clinicians for neoplastic growth or lymph node enlargement; therefore, its awareness is important.
Use of an EHR-Integrated Point-of-Care Mobile Medical Photography Application in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Castillo Richmond M. , Kim Grace Y. , Wyatt Kirk D. , Lohse Christine M. , Hellmich Thomas R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Mobile applications allow health care providers to capture point-of-care medical photographs and transfer them to the electronic health record (EHR). It is unclear how providers use these photographs or how they affect clinical care.
Objectives We aimed to understand the content, purpose, and outcomes of point-of-care medical photography performed in the pediatric emergency department (ED) at large academic medical center.
Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients <21 years of age who were seen in the ED and photographed between March 29, 2015 and July 1, 2017 using a secure smartphone application integrated with the EHR. Inter-rater agreement and reliability between the two reviewers was assessed for the first 50 charts, and any discrepancies in interpretation were resolved before proceeding with the remaining data abstraction. The documented rationale for photography, content of photographs, and outcomes were recorded.
Results We identified 619 clinical encounters involving photographs of 605 patients who were eligible for inclusion. Skin was photographed in 499 (81%). The most common finding was rash (N = 177; 29%). Photos were of acceptable quality, with 569 (94%) achieving a score between 4 and 5 out of 5. The primary use of photography was documentation (N = 334; 54%), though teleconsultation was noted in 38 (6%). Nearly one-third (N = 187; 30%) of patients were seen in the ED or outpatient clinic for any reason within 2 weeks, and in 25 (13%), clinical notes explicitly referenced the initial photograph(s). In 53 (9%) cases, patients were photographed at a clinical visit in the subsequent 2 weeks, suggesting that photography was used to track changes over time.
Conclusion Documentation of findings using mobile point-of-care photography allows for high-fidelity documentation and facilitates continuity of care.
Artroplastía Total de Rodilla con Asistencia de Brazo-Robótico: Resultados Clínicos Postoperatorios Tempranos
Authors: Figueroa David , Guiloff Rodrigo , Naranjo Marcela , Figueroa María Loreto , Vaisman Alex , Stierling Carlos , Calvo Rafael 
Published: November 2019

Resumen
Objetivo Describir los resultados clínicos postoperatorios tempranos de la primera serie de pacientes operados de artroplastía total de rodilla (ATR) con asistencia de brazo-robótico en Latinoamérica.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio prospectivo de 52 pacientes (53 rodillas) con gonartoris tricompartimental sintomática operados de ATR primaria con asistencia de brazo-robótico (RIO-MAKO) de manera consecutiva, con seguimiento a 2 meses postoperados. No se excluyeron pacientes. Se utilizó el mismo protocolo anestésico y de rehabilitación. Se realizó revisión de fichas clínicas para recolectar los siguientes resultados: tiempo de isquemia quirúrgica, estadía hospitalaria, tiempo a marcha, dolor postoperatorio diario [Escala visual análoga (EVA)], uso de opioides, rangos de movilidad articular (ROM), pérdida sanguínea, complicaciones y eje mecánico postoperatorio.
Resultados Tiempos de Isquemia: 82 minutos (60–120). Estadía Hospitalaria: 4 días (2–12). Dolor postoperatorio: EVA el mismo día operatorio de 0 (0–10) y previa al alta de 0 (rango 0–4), con 0,3 purgas (0–6,5) de opioides por paciente. Tiempo a marcha (día logrado): 1 día (1–3), cuarenta y cinco pacientes (84,9%) iniciaron la marcha el primer día postoperatorio. ROM (Extensión-Flexión): Aumento progresivo durante el seguimiento. En el control ambulatorio de los dos primeros meses [23 días (13–50)], veintiún pacientes (40%) alcanzaron un ROM mayor o igual a 0–90° y once (20%) presentaron un ROM funcional máximo (0–120°). Pérdida sanguínea: Siete pacientes (13,2%) requirieron transfusión. Complicaciones: un paciente (1,89%) presentó una dehiscencia del cierre de la artrotomía. No hubo otras complicaciones. Eje mecánico postoperatorio: 179,1° (178,2–180).
Discusión Los resultados concuerdan con la evidencia descrita en otras regiones, sugiriendo que la asistencia de brazo-robótico permite resultados postquirúrgicos reproducibles.
Conclusión Los resultados clínicos postoperatorios tempranos de esta serie de pacientes operados de ATR con asistencia de brazo-robótico, muestran una baja percepción del dolor, con bajo consumo de opioides, una rápida recuperación funcional de la marcha y ROM, y excelentes resultados desde el punto de vista del eje mecánico postoperatorio.
Nivel de Evidencia IV.
Neuromuscular performance after rapid weight loss in Olympic‐style boxers
Authors: Zubac Damir , Šimunič Boštjan , Buoite Stella Alex , Morrison Shawnda A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of a 3% rapid weight loss (RWL) procedure on neuromuscular performance in elite, Olympic‐style boxers. Nine boxers were randomly assigned to two experimental procedures (RWL and control, in a randomized counter‐balance order) to perform 5‐s maximum isometric voluntary contractions (MVC) of the dominant leg knee extensors prior to (MVC1), and following (MVC2), a sustained, isometric contraction at 70% MVC until exhaustion. The voluntary activation (VA) was determined using percutaneous muscle stimulation and interpolated twitch technique. High (at 80 Hz) and low (at 20 Hz) frequency tetanic impulses were also delivered before and after the sustained 70% MVC to assess peripheral fatigue. Hydration status, hemodynamic parameters, and lactate concentration were assessed throughout the study. Body‐mass was reduced by ∼3% (during RWL) compared to control (p = .001). As a result of the RWL protocol, MVC1 force output was 12% lower and VA deficits of 7% were observed after the fatigue protocol compared to control (p = .001). Following RWL, time to exhaustion for the sustained 70% MVC was 69 ± 20 s compared to 86 ± 34 s for control (p = .020). Peak lactate production was 53% lower in RWL compared to control (p = .001). In conclusion, the 3% RWL procedure translated into significant decline in neuromuscular performance for both brief and sustained contractions in competitive boxers.
A technique of hydrodynamics and heat transfer research during the flow of liquid metals in channels of various forms
Authors: Yu Pyatnitskaya N , Razuvanov N G , Belyaev I A , Sviridov V G , Genin L G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents probe techniques and sensors used in experimental studies of MHD-flow and heat transfer of liquid metal (LM) in pipes and channels, hosted by the mercury stands, which is part of the MHD complex of MPEI-JIHT RAS. A detailed description of the correlation and conduction velocity measurement methods, as well as the results obtained with their use, are given.
Transient phenomena in the draft tube model of a Francis hydro-turbine
Authors: Suslov D A , Litvinov I V , Gorelikov E U , Shtork S I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of pressure pulsations behind the runner of a hydro turbine model caused by the precessing vortex core (PVC). Pressure pulsations are investigated under conditions of stationary load and transient modes of the hydro-turbine operation. Studies were performed in model conditions on the aerodynamic setup. The map of pressure pulsations was built for stationary modes using acoustic sensors and served to find rotational speeds of the swirler and flow rates at which the PVC occurs. On the basis of the data presented by parametric dependences, the initial and final parameters of the transition process were chosen. In the article, a sudden (fast) transition from part-load regime to the best efficiency point and back was considered. The characteristic times for the formation of PVC and the establishment of the flow regime when changing the controlling parameters of the installation have been determined using a continuous wavelet transform.
Numerical simulation of energy separation of low-Prandtl gas mixture flowing in the finned single Leontiev tube
Authors: Makarov M S , Makarova S N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents results of numerical simulation of energy separation (temperature stratification) of helium-xenon gas mixture with low-Prandtl number, flowing in the finned single Leontiev tube. Only the inner surface of the central channel for subsonic part of the flow was finned by longitudinal fins. The influence of the flow rate of the cooling gas, flowing through the central channel, on the energy separation efficiency was analyzed in comparison with the efficiency of Leontiev tube with smooth walls. The method of efficiency enhancement by insulating the low-temperature area at the tube outlet was suggested.
Investigation of the influence of intra-channel liquid film suction on the structure of the droplet flow downstream a stator blades cascade of a steam turbine
Authors: Alekseev R A , Gribin V G , Tishchenko A A , Yu Gavrilov I , Tishchenko V A , Popov V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the effect of intra-channel liquid film suction on the characteristics of the wet steam flow downstream a stator blades cascade of a steam turbine. The moisture removal system consisted of two slots on the pressure side of the blade. Each slot was connected to an individual suction chamber. The investigations were carried out with a theoretical Mach number downstream the cascade M
1t = 0.78 and an initial steam wetness y
0 = 3%. The main feature of the research was the use of a “PIV-IT” flow laser diagnostics system in which the PTV method was realized. This allowed conducting a detailed study of the structure of a polydisperse wet steam flow. During the investigation an idea of the complex structure of droplets flows downstream the turbine cascade was generated. The analysis of the obtained data allowed us to reveal the main features of the influence of intra-channel liquid film suction on the flows of the liquid particles. It is established that moisture removal does not have a significant effect on the velocity characteristics of the liquid phase. At the same time, the results of studies have shown that intra-channel liquid film suction systems reduce the number of coarse erosion-hazardous droplets downstream a stator blades cascade.
Numerical simulation of the dynamics and calculation of the rheological characteristics of the dispersed systems using BEM
Authors: Abramova O A , Bulatova A Z , Fatkullina N B , Pityuk Yu A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Dispersed systems of various types occupy a significant place in nature, technology, and everyday life. Unfailing interest in this field is shown by researchers from the physics and mechanics, colloid chemistry, micro-manufacturing, and biology, which is due to the variety of phenomena and effects associated with dispersed systems of different nature. High-efficient computational techniques for direct modeling of the dispersed system are required to more accurately determine the rheological parameters of such systems, based on the calculated properties of its components. The present work is dedicated to the numerical investigation of the dispersed system features in a shear flow at low Reynolds numbers using the boundary element method. The results of the simulations and the method details are discussed. Calculations are presented for different types of dispersed inclusions. Viscous droplets and rigid particles of different shapes in a volume of carrier viscous liquid are considered. Furthermore, the standard viscometric functions that characterize the behaviour of an emulsion or suspensions, regarded as a homogeneous medium, are calculated and studied.
Numerical simulation of a turbulent boundary layer at the gas/liquid interface
Authors: Goltsman A E , Saushin I I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper is the numerical study of the boundary layer evolution at gas streamlining of the surface of a standing liquid. The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of a two-phase flow at a moderate dynamic head of gas (about 10 Pa) insufficient for significant deformation of the interphase boundary. Comparison with the nature of the boundary layer in the flow around a solid plate has revealed a number of significant differences. Three characteristic regions of the boundary layer evolution depending on Rex in the range of values from 0 to 320, 000 have been obtained and described.