bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social unemployment gap in South Africa: Limits of enabling socio-economic redress through expanding access to higher education
Authors: Tivaringe Tafadzwa 
Published: December 2019

The South African government recently adopted an education policy that attempts to achieve socio-economic redress through expanding free university education to first-year students from low-income backgrounds. However, in a country in which structural factors such as race, gender, and age continue to shape labor market outcomes, to what extent can attainment of university education significantly improve the labor market outcomes of historically marginalized groups? To evaluate the limits and possible unintended consequences of this policy intervention, I use nationally representative data from 1994 through 2017 to explore the correlation between a bachelor’s degree and the likelihood of unemployment. Using a logistic regression and predicted probabilities, I show that, despite the existence of a race-based affirmative action policy designed to alleviate structural barriers in South Africa’s labor market, structural factors still significantly attenuate the role of university education in enabling labor force participation among historically marginalized groups. I term the effect of these multi-dimensional structural barriers: the social unemployment gap. These findings suggest that the use of university education as a strategy for socio-economic redress in labor markets characterized by structural asymmetries extending beyond race necessitates the existence of intersectional labor market affirmative action policies.
Digitales Datenmanagement als neue Aufgabe für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken
Authors: Neuroth Heike , Rothfritz Laura , Petras Vivien , Kindling Maxi 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend von den aktuellen Entwicklungen in Deutschland und Europa werden Diskussionen, Initiativen und Projektergebnisse im Bereich des digitalen Datenmanagements vorgestellt. Dabei wird ein besonderer Bezug zu den wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken und deren zukünftige Aufgabenfelder gelegt, die international mit „Data Literacy“ und „Data Stewardship“ beschrieben werden. In Ergänzung zu „Data Scientists“ werden in Zukunft in großer Zahl Experten für das digitale Datenmanagement (sogenannte „Data Stewards“) benötigt. Daher haben das Institut für Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin und der Fachbereich Informationswissenschaften der Fachhochschule Potsdam gemeinsam den weiterbildenden Masterstudiengang Digitales Datenmanagement konzipiert, der im April 2019 startete. Wie sich dieser Studiengang in die nationalen und internationalen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen einfügt, ist Gegenstand dieses Artikels.
Make IT – In der Stadtbibliothek Greven
Authors: Högemann Sigrid 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Stadtbibliothek Greven wurde in 2019 mit dem Preis „Zukunftsgestalter in Bibliotheken“ ausgezeichnet. Im Mittelpunkt vom Projekt Make IT stehen Angebote für Schulen. Die Bibliothek verleiht Robotikboxen und lädt Klassen zu Auftaktworkshops ein. Einführungen zur Erstellung von Trickfilmen, Erklärfilmen, Quiz und Rallyes gehören ebenfalls dazu. Der neue Medienkompetenzrahmen NRW liefert das Gerüst. Auch Fortbildungen für Lehrer und Bibliothekare sind im Programm.
Probing graphene’s nonlocality with singular metasurfaces
Authors: Galiffi Emanuele , Huidobro Paloma A. , Gonçalves Paulo André D. , Mortensen Niels Asger , Pendry John B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Singular graphene metasurfaces, conductivity gratings realized by periodically suppressing the local doping level of a graphene sheet, were recently proposed to efficiently harvest THz light and couple it to surface plasmons over broad absorption bands, thereby achieving remarkably high field enhancement. However, the large momentum wavevectors thus attained are sensitive to the nonlocal behavior of the underlying electron liquid. Here, we extend the theory of singular graphene metasurfaces to account for the full nonlocal optical response of graphene and discuss the resulting impact on the plasmon resonance spectrum. Finally, we propose a simple local-analogue model that is able to reproduce the effect of nonlocality in local-response calculations by introducing a constant conductivity offset, which could prove a valuable tool in the modeling of more complex experimental graphene-based platforms.
Imperial Whiteness: Fantasy, Colonialism and New Walls
Authors: Stümer Jenny 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thirty years after the fall the Berlin wall, political walls in Europe, Israel and the United States safeguard divisions that are based on the defensive projection and protection of besieged “whiteness.” These new barriers take the shape of impassable fences, brick walls, barbed wire barricades, and precarious crossings, negotiating physical and imaginary boundaries. Reworking colonial power structures, contemporary walls are tethered to imperial fantasies that produce whiteness as the insidious marker of religious, economic and racial hierarchies. Notably, these walls sustain an intricate dynamic between visibility and invisibility, ensuring the proliferation of the borderless civilized West (so long as the other remains excluded and hidden from view). At the same time, political walls circumscribe the affective and expansive force-field of whiteness, revealing its enduring efficacy. In this article I look at the recent fortification of fortress Europe, Israel’s escalating security fence and Donald Trump’s promised wall in the US in order to discuss the ways in which the material and ideological walls reappearing around the world are animated by myriad defenses of toxic vulnerability and white affect.
Psychische Gesundheit und Substanzkonsum Jugendlicher im Zeitverlauf
Authors: Runge Ronja , Soellner Renate 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag stellt Entwicklungstrends der Ergebnisse des „Communities That Care“ Kinder- und Jugendsurveys der Jahre 2013–2017 in Niedersachsen vor. Im Fokus stehen der Substanzkonsum sowie die psychosoziale Gesundheit der Jugendlichen in Form von depressiven Symptomen und Opferwerdung von Mobbing und Partnergewalt. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für ein stabiles, zu Teilen auch gesundheitsbewussteres Verhalten über die Zeit. Mädchen zeigen einen Trend hinsichtlich schlechterer psychischer Gesundheit.
Ist Alkohol out? Ergebnisse der Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC)-Studie
Authors: Moor Irene , Heilmann Kristina , Hinrichs Richard , Richter Matthias 
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung
Alkohol zählt zu den beliebtesten psychoaktiven Substanzen. Die Risiken von Alkoholkonsum sind insbesondere für Heranwachsende nicht zu unterschätzen. Die nationalen wie internationalen Befunde der HBSC-Studie zum Alkoholkonsum unter Heranwachsenden verzeichnen zwar einen Rückgang für die letzten Jahre, dennoch sind die Prävalenzen nach wie vor hoch. Präventionsmaßnahmen, die das Erstkonsumalter hinausschieben und einen kontrollierten Umgang mit Alkohol fördern, sind weiterhin erforderlich.
Migration background and overweight prevalence in preschool children
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Walter Ulla , Dreier Maren 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Migration background is accepted as an important health determinant in public health research. This contribution presents the findings on ethnic differences in the prevalence of children overweight derived from the school entry examination data in the Hannover Region in 2010–2014. The prevalence of overweight was significantly higher among migrant children (12.7%) than among the non-migrant children (6.9%). While all ethnic groups showed an educational gradient in the prevalence of overweight, the gradient tended to be more evident in non-migrant children. Further efforts in childhood overweight prevention are needed to successfully address especially children with less educated parents or migrant background.
Should Jurors Deliberate?
Authors: Guha Brishti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDoes the accuracy of verdicts improve or worsen if individual jurors on a panel are barred from deliberating prior to casting their votes? I study this question in a model where jurors can choose to exert costly effort to improve the accuracy of their individual decisions. I find that, provided the cost of effort is not too large, it is better to allow jurors to deliberate if jury size exceeds a threshold. For panels smaller than this threshold, it is more effective to instruct jurors to vote on the basis of their private information, without deliberations, and to use a simple majority rule to determine the collective decision (regardless of the voting rule used with deliberations). The smaller the cost of paying attention, the larger the threshold above which the switch to allowing deliberations becomes optimal. However, if the unanimity rule had to be maintained under the no-deliberations system, it would be better to allow deliberation. The results apply to binary decision making in any committee where the committee members incur some effort in reviewing the evidence. Examples are arbitration panels and tenure and promotion committees and some board of director meetings on issues such as whether to dismiss a CEO. As an extension I consider the case where jurors differ in their costs of effort.
Simultaneous comparison of L-NAME and melatonin effects on RAW 264.7 cell line’s iNOS production and activity
Authors: Azizi Masoumeh , Moradi Mohammad , Johari Behrooz , Rafiee Mohammad Hessam 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
NO (nitric oxide) inhibition could be used for evaluating the drug’s efficacy for NO-mediated inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of L-NAME and melatonin on different NO production levels in RAW 264.7 cell line as an in vitro model for inflammatory diseases.

Materials and methods
RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was used to compare the effects of L-NAME and melatonin on basal and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS levels. The cells were treated using L-NAME and melatonin for 1 h, afterward incubated with/without LPS for 8 and 24 h. Finally, iNOS mRNA, protein, activity, and nitrite concentrations were evaluated.

Results
Inhibition rate of nitrite by 1 mM L-NAME compared with LPS control were 78% and 80% during 8 and 24 h, respectively. Real-time PCR showed that in the LPS-treated group, 1 mM L-NAME could result in 14% increase of iNOS-mRNA compared with the control group during 8 h. Dose-dependent activity of iNOS in LPS-induced cells from non-treated to 4 mM L-NAME showed 79% reduction while at the same concentrations of melatonin this decrease was 32% (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion
L-NAME showed lower iNOS expression modulating efficacy than melatonin. The result concluded lower potential of the NOS synthetic inhibitors rather than melatonin in the treatment of NO-related disorders.
Is Performing Repetitions to Failure Less Important Than Volume for Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength?
Authors: Lacerda Lucas T. , Marra-Lopes Rodrigo O. , Diniz Rodrigo C.R. , Lima Fernando V. , Rodrigues Sara A. , Martins-Costa Hugo C. , Bemben Michael G. , Chagas Mauro H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Lacerda, LT, Marra-Lopes, RO, Diniz, RCR, Lima, FV, Rodrigues, SA, Martins-Costa, HC, Bemben, MG, and Chagas, MH. Is performing repetitions to failure less important than volume for muscle hypertrophy and strength? J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1237–1248, 2020—The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle failure (MF) or not to MF (NMF) training on strength and muscle hypertrophy relative gains (average and individual data). Ten men untrained in resistance training participated in the study. Each leg was allocated in 1 of 2 unilateral training protocols (MF or NMF with equal volume) on knee extension exercise. Both protocols were performed with 3–4 sets, 3 minutes' rest, and 55–60% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles cross-sectional area (CSA), maximal muscle strength (1RM and maximal voluntary isometric contraction), and muscular endurance (maximum number of repetition) were assessed before and after 14 weeks. In addition, neuromuscular activation by normalized root mean square of the electromyographic signal (EMGRMS) was measured in 2nd and 35th training sessions. The average results showed that both training protocols were similarly effective in inducing increases in strength and muscle hypertrophy gains. However, individual analysis data suggest that NMF protocol with equal volume may promote similar or even greater muscle hypertrophy (vastus lateralis) and muscular endurance performance when compared with MF protocol. Also, normalized EMGRMS responses analyzed during 2nd and 35th sessions were similar in MF and NMF protocols for rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. In conclusion, MF and NMF protocol conducted with the same total repetition numbers produced similar maximal muscle strength performance and neuromuscular activation. Nevertheless, NMF training could be a more appropriate strategy to increase muscle hypertrophy (vastus lateralis) and muscular endurance performance in untrained individuals when compared with MF.
Wales Anaerobic Test: Reliability and Fitness Profiles of International Rugby Union Players
Authors: Beard Adam , Ashby John , Chambers Ryan , Millet Grégoire P. , Brocherie Franck 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Beard, A, Ashby, J, Chambers, R, Millet, GP, and Brocherie, F. Wales Anaerobic Test (WAT): Reliability and fitness profiles of international rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 36(9): 2589–2596, 2022—To provide strength and conditioning coaches a practical and evidence-based test for repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in rugby union players, this study assessed the relative and absolute test-retest reliability of the Wales Anaerobic Test (WAT) and its position-specific association with other fitness performance indices. Thirty-four players (forwards: n = 19; backs: n = 15) of the Welsh rugby union male senior national team performed the WAT (10 × 50-m distance, 25–30 seconds of passive recovery) twice within 4 days. Time for each repetition was recorded, with the best (WATBest) and total time (WATTT) retained for analysis. Relative (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]) and absolute (SEM) reliability of the WAT indices were quantified. Furthermore, association (Pearson's product-moment correlations and stepwise backward elimination procedure) with other fitness performance indices (10- and 40-m sprinting times, 30-15 intermittent fitness test [30-15IFT] and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 [YYIR2]) was investigated. Pooled values revealed “moderate” to “high” ICCs for WATBest (ICC = 0.89, p = 0.626) and WATTT (ICC = 0.95, p = 0.342). Good test sensitivity was reported for forwards and backs' WATTT (p > 0.101). Both WATBest and WATTT correlated with 10-m and 40-m sprinting times (r > 0.69, p < 0.001) as well as with 30-15IFT (r < −0.77, p < 0.001) and YYIR2 (r < −0.68, p < 0.001) for pooled values. The WAT proved to be a reliable and sensitive test to assess the rugby union specific RSA-related fitness of international players.
NURR1 and ERR1 Modulate the Expression of Genes of aDRD2Coexpression Network Enriched for Schizophrenia Risk
Authors: Torretta Silvia , Rampino Antonio , Basso Manuela , Pergola Giulio , Di Carlo Pasquale , Shin Joo H. , Kleinman Joel E. , Hyde Thomas M. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Masellis Rita , Blasi Giuseppe , Pennuto Maria , Bertolino Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

Multiple schizophrenia (SCZ) risk loci may be involved in gene co-regulation mechanisms, and analysis of coexpressed gene networks may help to clarify SCZ molecular basis. We have previously identified a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) coexpression module enriched for SCZ risk genes and associated with cognitive and neuroimaging phenotypes of SCZ, as well as with response to treatment with antipsychotics. Here we aimed to identify regulatory factors modulating this coexpression module and their relevance to SCZ. We performed motif enrichment analysis to identify transcription factor (TF) binding sites in human promoters of genes coexpressed withDRD2.Then, we measured transcript levels of a group of these genes in primary mouse cortical neurons in basal conditions and upon overexpression and knockdown of predicted TFs. Finally, we analyzed expression levels of these TFs in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of SCZ patients. Ourin silicoanalysis revealed enrichment for NURR1 and ERR1 binding sites. In neuronal cultures, the expression of genes either relevant to SCZ risk (Drd2, Gatad2a,Slc28a1,Cnr1) or indexing coexpression in our module (Btg4,Chit1,Osr1,Gpld1) was significantly modified by gain and loss of Nurr1 and Err1. Postmortem DLPFC expression data analysis showed decreased expression levels of NURR1 and ERR1 in patients with SCZ. For NURR1 such decreased expression is associated with treatment with antipsychotics. Our results show that NURR1 and ERR1 modulate the transcription ofDRD2coexpression partners and support the hypothesis that NURR1 is involved in the response to SCZ treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the present study, we providein silicoand experimental evidence for a role of the TFs NURR1 and ERR1 in modulating the expression pattern of genes coexpressed withDRD2in human DLPFC. Notably, genetic variations in these genes is associated with SCZ risk and behavioral and neuroimaging phenotypes of the disease, as well as with response to treatment. Furthermore, this study presents novel findings on a possible interplay between D2 receptor-mediated dopamine signaling involved in treatment with antipsychotics and the transcriptional regulation mechanisms exerted by NURR1. Our results suggest that coexpression and co-regulation mechanisms may help to explain some of the complex biology of genetic associations with SCZ.
Effect of Therapeutic Yoga on Balance and the Ability to Transfer from the Floor in an Older Adult Population
Authors: Tatum Nancy Glenmore , Igel Charles Christopher , Bradley Rodney 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine if a therapeutic Yoga program could improve the ability of older adults to transfer from the floor. The study also examined how balance, quadriceps strength, and ankle flexibility influence transfer ability in older adults.Design: A single group interrupted time-series design with two pre- and one post- collection periods. Initial assessment was conducted approximately one month prior to the intervention. Pre-assessment was conducted one week prior to the intervention. Post-assessment was conducted immediately following the intervention.Setting: Yoga training group classes were held at a Yoga center in Richmond, Virginia. Additional practice was performed in the participants' homes. Pre- and post-assessments were performed in a physical therapy office at the Yoga center.Participants: Fifty older adults, age range 58 to 83 years, most of whom were new to Yoga. A total of 45 participants completed the program.Intervention: A 13-week therapeutic Hatha Yoga program specifically tailored to older adults and designed to strengthen the quadriceps, increase ankle flexibility and balance, and improve the ability to transfer to and from the floor. Participants attended one 90-minute Yoga class per week and were asked to complete a 30-minute guided home practice, using a video, five days per week.Outcome Measures: Assessment of balance using the Berg Balance Scale, quadriceps strength using a dynamometer, ankle dorsiflexion using a goniometer, ability to transfer from the floor using a Transfer Ability Scale, and self-ratings of perceived fitness and transfer difficulty.Results: Improvement was noted across all measures. Specifically, a paired sample t-test revealed significant improvement in participants' ability to transfer from the floor (t = 11.25, p &lt;. 001) with a large magnitude of effect (d = 1.36). These improvements were reflected by participants' own perception of their transfer ability and general level of fitness. A series of nested regression models revealed balance and quadriceps strength to be the largest contributors to transfer ability.Further Investigation: Future research should focus on the relationship between floor transfer ability and decreasing the number of falls in older adults.
EXTENSÃO ACADÊMICA MULTIPROFISSIONAL: EXPERIÊNCIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE DE JOVENS EM AMBIENTE ESCOLAR
Authors: Soares Lopes Rochane Nayara , Takeshita Isabela Mie , Silva Freire Ana Flávia , Dias Adriana Anastácia dos Santos 
Published: December 2019

As desigualdades sociais constituem barreira importante para o desenvolvimento positivo da juventude, podendo resultar em pior desempenho acadêmico, maior probabilidade de engajamento em comportamento delinquente, início precoce da atividade sexual, maiores riscos de aquisição de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) e de gravidez indesejada. O estudo buscou relatar a experiência de acadêmicos de uma faculdade privada ao desenvolver educação em saúde com adolescentes de uma escola estadual de Belo Horizonte, MG. Utilizou-se a roda de conversa para estimular a interação entre os jovens e os acadêmicos. Abordaram-se os seguintes temas: “Direitos e deveres dos adolescentes”, “Saúde mental e Autoestima”, “Gravidez na adolescência”, “Métodos contraceptivos” e “Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis”. Houve mudança da postura dos alunos no decorrer da intervenção: inicialmente desinteressados, ao final do projeto a maioria participava ativamente das rodas de conversa, demonstrando avidez pelo conhecimento adquirido. Os tabus relacionados à sexualidade foram desmistificados, incentivando a construção de uma cultura de autocuidado. Atividades de extensão acadêmica com esta população suscetível são fundamentais para que haja uma redução do comportamento de risco, beneficiando a sociedade e melhorando a qualidade de vida dos adolescentes.
Reporte de 5 casos clínicos ; Queilitis glandular
Authors: Garzon Rivas Viviana Alexandra 
Published: December 2019

Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la clasificación, etiología, aspectos histológicos, clínicos y epidemiológicos sobre la queilitis glandular exponiendo 5 casos clínicos del Centro Dermatológico Garzón, donde 5 pacientes presentaron queilitis glandular. La queilitis glandular (QG), es una patologcausa desconocida, en la el palatolognulomatosa de Miescher, sindrome ,actinomicosis facil teral.esuerpo etumefacciones del palaía clínica de causa desconocida con mayor frecuencia en hombres, la cual presenta macroquelia asociada a eliminación de saliva espesa de las glándulas salivales menores que se encuentran edematosas y ectásicas. Existen tres tipos de QG, simple, supurativa superficial y, supurativa profunda. El tratamiento consiste en antibiótico sistémicos corticoides, antihistamínicos y protector solar, y en casos más severos una bermellectomía.

Palabras clave: Queilitis glandular, Labios; Glándulas salivales; Patología.