bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a cloud-based mold manufacturing system based on JAFMAS
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Junhui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Molds are the basis of manufacturing of other products, and thus have higher requirements and more complex design processes than other products. Therefore, studying the technologies used in mold production is necessary. This paper aims to build a cloud manufacturing system of mold manufacturing enterprises based on the Java-based agent framework for multi-agent systems (JAFMAS). Specifically, according to the operation characteristics of different cloud-based manufacturing enterprises, this paper first made in-depth analysis of the cloud manufacturing and multi-agent technology, and put forward a hierarchical model of cloud manufacturing system based on multiple agents. Then, as per the structure of the agents and JAFMAS, the interaction and collaboration mechanism between agents in the system were analyzed to establish the functions of the cloud-based mold manufacturing system, thereby building a cloud-based manufacturing system for mold manufacturers based on JAFMAS.
A Super-Resolution Model for Improving the Precision of Wafer Mark Alignment
Authors: Lei Sheng , Lu Sen , Yang Kaiming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wafer bonding machine uses industrial camera to recognize marks on top wafer and bottom wafer, compute deviation, and move top wafer to align the bottom wafer. The alignment precision mainly depends on the camera resolution, high resolution industrial camera is expensive, while classical image up-sampling methods such as bicubic interpolation don’t have good effect. To improve the alignment precision, a super-resolution model is proposed. Main component of this model is convolutional neural network. The first two convolutional layers are to extract feature on wafer image, the next convolutional layer is used for nonlinear mapping, and the final one outputs super-resolution image. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is used to evaluate the similarity of super resolution image and the target high resolution image. It’s proved by experiments that the super-resolution model has better effect than classical image interpolation methods. This research result can also be applied to other equipment using industrial cameras.
Water conservancy projects enhanced local resilience to floods and droughts over the past 300 years at the Erhai Lake basin, Southwest China
Authors: Xu Anning , Yang Liang Emlyn , Yang Weibing , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a typical mountain area at the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in Southwest China, the Erhai Lake Basin has uneven precipitation (frequent droughts and floods), affected by the Southwest Monsoon in Asia and significant vertical zonal differences determined by local topography. Though with such harsh physical environment, this area sustained development in ancient times and has been considered a typical resilience case in many studies. With extensive investigation of various historical archives, this paper explores the situation and changes of water management in the Erhai Basin during the past 300 years, and aims to identify local factors in maintaining resilience to water stresses. Findings indicate that various strong and smart social regulations (governance, institutions, plans, management, motivations, orders, donations, dedication, etc.) enabled a wise development of many water conservancy projects that set up an effective irrigation system at the flat basin center. Lots of stream dams, sluice gates and terraced croplands jointly further enabled water storage, drainage and irrigation at the surrounding hillside areas. Additionally, by adopting drought-resistant and cold-resistant crops, agriculture production kept increasing and successfully fed the growing population. The complex but systematically developed river canal system, with its dams, reservoirs, and sluice gates, as well as adaptive cropping strategies, together maintained and enhanced the resilience of local communities to hydrological hazards. Over the 300 years of the study period, the changing water environment and the developing water conservancy projects showed a resilience loop, which offers a simple but valuable perspective on building human-water resilience in face of current and future water crises in this region and beyond.
Comparison of intermittent audit vs daily documentation of pharmacist interventions
Authors: Turton Hannah , Jones Ceridwen , Levy Russell , Patanwala Asad E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To compare an intermittent audit method vs a daily documentation method with regard to the number of interventions documented by clinical pharmacists in the hospital setting.

Methods
A 2-phase pre-post cohort study was conducted at an academic hospital to compare numbers and types of pharmacist interventions documented over an 18-month period before implementation of a daily documentation method (the “pre-phase” period) and during the 6 months after implementation (the “post-phase” period). During the pre-phase period (January 2018 to July 2019), pharmacists prospectively documented interventions on specific audit days. The audit days occurred at approximately monthly intervals. During the post-phase period (July 2019 to March 2020) pharmacists used electronic medical record tools to document interventions daily. The primary outcome was the total number of interventions per day. Values for the pre- and post-phase periods were compared using an unpaired Student t test and through interrupted time series analysis.

Results
There were a total of 3,628 interventions (on 14 intermittent audit days) during the pre-phase period and 9,300 interventions (on 163 continuous days) in the post-phase period. The mean (SD) number of reported interventions per day decreased from 259 (82) in the pre-phase period to 57 (33) in the post-phase period (P &lt; 0.001). The mean (SD) number of daily reported interventions per pharmacist decreased from 24 (5) in the pre-phase period to 6 (2) in the post-phase period (P &lt; 0.001). This decrease was consistent with results of the interrupted time series analysis. There was a decrease in reported interventions at the time of implementation (change from most recent audit day, –125 interventions; 95% confidence interval [CI], –187 to –62 interventions; P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, there was a decrease in reported interventions per pharmacist at the time of implementation (change from most recent audit day, –22 [95% CI, –26 to –18] interventions; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
A change from intermittent audits to daily documentation of interventions resulted in an approximately 5-fold decrease in the number of interventions recorded by pharmacists.
Acute heart and brain failure: a case report
Authors: Stuetz Magdalena , Templin Christian , Templin-Ghadri Jelena-Rima , Ruschitzka Frank , Pohl Heiko , Hofer Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is characterized by often reversible but acute heart failure occurring after an emotional or physical trigger event. The ‘brain failure’ counterpart is posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) characterized by often reversible but acute neurological symptoms. This case report elaborates on a complex clinical scenario with co-existence of coronary artery disease, TTS and PRES and discusses the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management.

Case summary
An 82-year-old woman presented with acute heart failure and generalized tonic-clonic seizures following an acute exacerbation of her chronic back pain. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated vasogenic oedema consistent with the diagnosis of PRES. Focal wall motion abnormalities on echocardiography without causal coronary stenoses on angiography were consistent with the diagnosis of TTS. After an interdisciplinary approach to differential diagnosis and treatment, the patient was discharged to geriatric rehabilitation without heart failure or neurological defects 4 weeks later.

Discussion
TTS and PRES share significant similarities in proposed pathogenesis, epidemiology, management, and clinical outcome. This case report highlights the need for early recognition of this rare association and multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment as both heart and brain disease may require early intervention up to rapid intensive care support.
The Balance Hypothesis for the Avian Lumbosacral Organ and an Exploration of Its Morphological Variation
Authors: Stanchak K E , French C , Perkel D J , Brunton B W 
Published: December 2020

SynopsisBirds (Aves) exhibit exceptional and diverse locomotor behaviors, including the exquisite ability to balance on two feet. How birds so precisely control their movements may be partly explained by a set of intriguing modifications in their lower spine. These modifications are collectively known as the lumbosacral organ (LSO) and are found in the fused lumbosacral vertebrae called the synsacrum. They include a set of transverse canal-like recesses in the synsacrum that align with lateral lobes of the spinal cord, as well as a dorsal groove in the spinal cord that houses an egg-shaped glycogen body. Based on compelling but primarily observational data, the most recent functional hypotheses for the LSO consider it to be a secondary balance organ, in which the transverse canals are analogous to the semicircular canals of the inner ear. If correct, this hypothesis would reshape our understanding of avian locomotion, yet the LSO has been largely overlooked in the recent literature. Here, we review the current evidence for this hypothesis and then explore a possible relationship between the LSO and balance-intensive locomotor ecologies. Our comparative morphological dataset consists of micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scans of synsacra from ecologically diverse species. We find that birds that perch tend to have more prominent transverse canals, suggesting that the LSO is useful for balance-intensive behaviors. We then identify the crucial outstanding questions about LSO structure and function. The LSO may be a key innovation that allows independent but coordinated motion of the head and the body, and a full understanding of its function and evolution will require multiple interdisciplinary research efforts.
Characterization of Cannabidiol in Alternative Biological Specimens and Urine, after Consumption of an Oral Capsule
Authors: Ameline Alice , Raul Jean-Sébastien , Kintz Pascal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among the hundred cannabinoids present in Cannabis sativa indica, cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid discovered in 1940, which can account for up to 40% of the plant’s extract. Medically, it has been proposed to treat convulsions, inflammation, anxiety and nausea. Contrary to the hallucinogenic ingredient of the plant, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, CBD does not seem to have a sedative effect, which can increase its popularity among users. The identification of CBD in blood and urine has been widely described in the scientific literature for several years. Only few data have been reported regarding CBD identification in alternative specimens, such as oral fluid, sweat, exhaled breath and hair. CBD capsules were purchased in the USA from a grocery store and a green capsule containing 22 mg of CBD was orally administered to a 59-year-old healthy man. Oral fluid was collected over 8 h using the NeoSal™ device. Sweat was collected using PharmCheck™ sweat patch technology over 7 days. Exhaled breath was collected with the ExaBreath® DrugTrap device over 8 h. Beard hair was collected 7 and 14 days after administration. Finally, urine specimens were collected over 48 h in plastic tubes without preservative. CBD was only detected in oral fluid at 15 min, at 20 pg/mL. Increasing concentrations, up to 96 pg/patch of CBD, were detected in the sweat patches. CBD was detected for 45 minutes in exhaled breath (Cmax of 302 pg/filter at 30 min). CBD produced a very low but significant chromatographic signal in beard hair, with concentrations &lt;1 pg/mg. Finally, CBD tested positive in urine after enzymatic hydrolysis with a Cmax at 70 ng/mL, after 6 h.
Reconstruction of Major Burns With Stevens–Johnson Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ge Xiaojing , Sun Yute , Su Xin , Zhou Fang , Yao Gang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe type of pleomorphic erythema and a rare disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, which can lead to serious infections, pulmonary embolism, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and other serious consequences. Patients with SJS are usually treated in burn centers. SJS complicated by severe burns is very rare, and this is associated with a high risk of infection and other more serious complications. With SJS, the availability of donor sites is compromised given the lack of healthy epidermis, and this makes it more difficult to treat. The patient was a 52-year-old man with 45% TBSA burns with 40% TBSA full-thickness burns on both lower limbs. During treatment, his condition was complicated by SJS, renal failure, and respiratory failure. After 31 days, he was transferred to our department. On the 22nd day, the patient recovered from SJS, and after undergoing four skin grafting procedures, the burn wounds healed, and the donor site had healed spontaneously. He was discharged after 86 days of treatment in our department. In conclusion, major burns complicated with SJS are rare clinical presentations. The skin affected by the drug eruptions can be used as a donor site for transplantation to the burn wounds, and this donor area can also heal.
Image-guided Procedure Versus 2-year Follow-up for a BI-RADS 3 Probably Benign Lesion: A Cost Comparison Analysis
Authors: Ong Andrew , Azizi Armina , Ambinder Emily B , Oluyemi Eniola T , Harvey Susan C , Hung Jessica 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Perform a comparison between the costs of image-guided breast procedures versus 2-year imaging follow-up for findings classified as BI-RADS assessment category 3-probably benign.

Methods
The national payment amount costs at non-facility locations were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services physician fee schedule for breast imaging-related Current Procedural Terminology codes. Total costs were calculated and compared for management algorithms of 2-year imaging follow-up of a BI-RADS 3 lesion from 2018 through 2019 versus performing an image-guided procedure of the lesion in 2018 after the initial diagnostic imaging.

Results
Two-year mammographic follow-up of a BI-RADS 3 finding costs $484. This was less than a stereotactic-guided breast biopsy, which cost at least $1055. Two-year follow-up for a probably benign US finding cost $615 compared to $1173 for the least expensive US-guided breast biopsy scenario. For breast MRI, 2-year imaging follow-up cost $1510, which was also less than most MRI-guided breast biopsy scenarios. The one exception in which biopsy costs less than 2-year imaging follow-up was in the setting of an MRI-guided biopsy in the average-risk population without a post-benign biopsy follow-up breast MRI; in this setting, MRI biopsy cost $1235.

Conclusion
In 2018–2019, 2-year imaging follow-up of a BI-RADS 3 finding continues to be less costly than an immediate procedure, except for MRI-guided breast biopsy in the average-risk population without a post-benign biopsy follow-up MRI.
Avian community composition, but not richness, differs between urban and exurban parks
Authors: Haas Angela R , Kross Sara M , Kneitel Jamie M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urban development alters landscape structure and available resources, potentially threatening avian diversity worldwide. However, it is unclear how bird communities respond in areas currently undergoing urban development, particularly in the non-breeding season. We examined avian communities at 8 parks in urban (within established urban matrix; &gt;50% built cover) and 9 parks in exurban (within adjacent grassland; 5–20% built cover) areas in Sacramento County, CA. We measured bird species and abundance, conducting five line-transect surveys per park (85 total). We investigated factors influencing avian assemblage, including local habitat features (land cover, number of trees, fruiting trees and tree species, tree height and diameter at breast height, park size, park age), and landscape features (land cover within 500 m and distance to riparian habitat). Fifty bird species, including 15 migrants, were observed. Total species richness and abundance at urban and exurban parks was not significantly different, but community assemblages differed significantly. Park area positively predicted species richness. Abundance was negatively associated with in-park percent built cover, average number of fruiting trees and landscape-scale percent water cover. Species composition changes were associated with distance to riparian habitat and landscape percent grass cover for all but one exurban park; and with tree height, DBH and park and landscape percent tree cover for urban parks. The expansion of exurban areas in many parts of the world poses a significant risk for natural habitat loss. Parks in such areas should be planned to harbor some of the displaced biodiversity.
Principles of International Criminal Law
Authors: Werle Gerhard , Jeßberger Florian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book is one of the most influential textbooks in the field of international criminal justice. It offers a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the foundations and general principles of substantive international criminal law, including thorough discussion of its core crimes. It provides a detailed understanding of the general principles, sources, and evolution of international criminal law, demonstrating how it has developed, and how its application has changed. After establishing the general principles, the book assesses the four key international crimes as defined by the statute of the International Criminal Court: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. This new edition revises and updates the work with developments in international criminal justice since 2014. The book retains its systematic approach and consistent methodology, making it essential reading for both students and scholars of international criminal law, as well as for practitioners and judges working in the field.
BIOM-02. IDENTIFYING MGMT ALTERATIONS AS BIOMARKERS OF SURVIVAL IN LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA WITH BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: Mamatjan Yasin , Zuccato Jeffrey , Moraes Fabio , Cabanero Michael , Shali Wumairehan , Weiss Jessica , Tsao Ming , Aldape Kenneth , Shepherd Frances , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas (EGFRm-LUAD) have a higher risk of developing brain metastases (BM) compared to non-EGFR-mutant tumors. BM development has significant prognostic impact and leads to poorer patient survival. MGMT promoter methylation is known to determine response to therapy in other cancer types including intracranial gliomas but has not been investigated in EGFRm-LUAD BM. This work aims to assess whether MGMT promoter methylation predicts patient survival or BM development in EGFRm-LUAD patients. A large cohort of 90 primary EGFRm-LUAD tumors, of which 33 (37%) developed BM, were profiled using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC Bead chip. Using the previously reported MGMT-STP27 approach that uses two CpG sites to predict MGMT methylation status, Cox modeling was performed to assess whether MGMT methylation status correlates with overall survival independent of other clinical factors. MGMT methylation significantly predicted poorer survival in EGFRm-LUAD patients that developed BM (p=0.0003) and did not develop BM (p=0.003). A multivariate cox analysis, adjusting for cancer stage and smoking status as potential confounders, showed that MGMT methylation (HR=6.2, 95%CI:2.2–17.4, p=0.0005) and BM development (HR=2.6, 95%CI:1.3–5.3, p=0.007) were both independently predictive of worse overall survival in EGFRm-LUAD patients. This finding of poorer survival in MGMT methylated EGFRm-LUAD is validated in an independent LUAD patient cohort. Total mutation burden, calculated by the number of mutations per megabase of DNA, was substantially higher in MGMT methylated tumours with an interquartile range (IQR) of 58 (30–71) compared to MGMT unmethylated tumours with the IQR of 5.5 (4.3–6.1) resulting p-value of 0.01 for this comparison. Overall, this work shows that MGMT promoter methylation status is an important prognostic biomarker in LUAD patients. MGMT promoter methylation status in EGFRm–LUAD patients with BM may be used to guide patient treatment with potentially a greater extent of treatment for high-risk patients.
BIOM-04. BRAIN METASTASIS AMONG FEMALE PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH STAGE IV BREAST CANCER
Authors: Konduri Santhi , Singh Maharaj , Bobustuc George , Rovin Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among the patients diagnosed with advanced stage of breast cancer there is a possibility of developing distant metastases, brain is one of the predominant sites. The objective of this study is to identify patient characteristics and biomarkers for brain metastasis. From National Cancer Database, 2010 through 2015, we identified 52,753 female patients diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics and biomarkers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Odds ratios (OR) were computed using logistics regression. Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to compute survival. Of 52,753 female patients diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer, there were 73% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 17% non-Hispanic black (NHB), 6% Hispanic and 4% from ‘other’ race category. The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 62 years. Of the total patients only 8.2% had brain metastatic spread. Brain metastasis was less likely among NHB vs NHW (OR=0.85, p =0.01), among others vs NHW (OR=0.69, p =0.01), with insurance status, government vs no insurance, (OR=0.71, p&lt; 0.01), with private vs no insurance (OR=0.66, p&lt; 0.01), with laterality (left vs bilateral, OR=0.61, p=0.01), (right vs bilateral OR=0.61, p=0.01), ER positive (OR=0.69, p &lt; 0.01), PR positive (OR=0.75, p &lt; 0.01), tumor grade moderately or well differentiated vs poorly or undifferentiated (OR=0.54, p =0.02; OR=0.45, p =0.01) and with 10-year increment in age at the time of diagnosis (OR=0.89, p &lt; 0.001). In this study population five-year survival with and without brain metastasis was 11% and 25% respectively. The protective factors for brain metastatic spread includes NHB or other race category, government or private insurance, cancer either left or right side, moderately or well differentiated tumor, the patients with ER and PR expression. The chance of brain metastatic spread decreases with increasing age. These finding might provide insights for clinicians in treating these patients.