bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gemmology in the service of archaeometry
Authors: RICCARDI M. Pia , PROSPERI Loredana , TARANTINO Serena C. , ZEMA Michele 
Published: February 2020

Archaeometric studies of ancient artifacts containing gems or gem-quality geological materials have an intrinsic complexity. The scientific questions to be answered are related not only to the type of material used (e.g. a mineral or poly-mineral geological material), but also to their age and provenance.
The answers can derive only from multidisciplinary study which combines experimental observations with information and clues from different disciplines.
This paper presents three case studies in which mineralogical knowledge and the noninvasive approach typical of gemmological analyses solve the problem of gem identification. The answer aboout the origin of gems and/or minerals is more complex because little is known about the chaîne opératoire that precedes the use of gems in artifacts. Little is known currently about the geological complexity of ancient ores, some are now exhausted. Moreover, the criteria used in choosing raw material are not known.
A multidisciplinary approach can lead to identification of the sources of supply of the material, understanding the choices made for the realization of the artifacts, defining the links with the geological, geographical and cultural realities that complete their context of origin. Correct archaeometric investigation must follow the ‘four C’s’ rule and keep in mind the ‘complexity’ of the artifact, answer ‘congruent’ questions to the study, aggregate different ‘competences’ and be open to ‘collaborations’.
Update on long-term toxicity of agricultural GMOs tolerant to roundup
Authors: Seralini Gilles-Eric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAgricultural genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants obtained by gene transfer or more recently by gene-editing. Their major common phenotypic trait for which 99% have been modified is that these are designed to be grown with pesticides, which may bioaccumulate in the plants and/or the consumer, and/or express insecticides in their cells. Examples of both types are Roundup-tolerant soy and corn and Bt insecticidal plants. Recently, Steinberg et al. concluded that there were no adverse effects in rats from consumption of a GM corn tolerant to Roundup, called NK603, and that no other long-term studies are justified. This contradicts several of our in vivo studies on the short- and long-term toxicological effects of either the same GMO, other GMOs, or the pesticide Roundup itself. Our results were attributed in particular to the long-term in vivo effects of Roundup residues, which also present toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects in vitro. These effects were clearly linked to the formulants of the pesticide, such as petroleum residues and heavy metals, and not to glyphosate alone. In fact, the treated rats in Steinberg et al.’s experiment showed many adverse effects, some of which, including increased mortality in males fed GM corn + Roundup, were statistically significant. Other adverse effects affected both treated and control groups. The latter trend may be due to contamination of the feed of the control animals by many carcinogenic pollutants, including pesticides, but also by Roundup residues and Roundup-tolerant GMOs. For instance, glyphosate contained in Roundup was found to be 300–1400 times more elevated in their control feed than in our treated group. In conclusion, Steinberg et al.’s study is invalidated by the contaminated feed, biased interpretations, and major undeclared conflicts of interest.
Antiviral activities of Radix isatidis polysaccharide against pseudorabies virus in swine testicle cells
Authors: Tong Chao , Chen Zewen , Liu Fang , Qiao Yanyan , Chen Tong , Wang Xuebing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadix isatidishas been used in China and other Asian countries for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects for thousands of years. However, the antiviral effect ofRadix isatidispolysaccharide against pseudorabies virus (PRV) is still unknown.MethodsThe polysaccharide were isolated from extract of the roots ofRadix isatidis.MTT assays were used to determine the preventive effect, inhibitory effect and antiviral effect ofRadix isatidispolysaccharide on PRV in vitro.ResultsThis study found that different concentrations of polysaccharides from this plant can inhibit PRV replication by 14.674–30.840%, prevent infection at rates of 6.668–14.923%, and kill this virus at rates of 32.214–67.422%.ConclusionThese results broaden the understanding of this traditional Chinese herb and provide a theoretical basis for further research. Moreover,Radix isatidispolysaccharide could be used for antiviral therapy.
Instant analgesic effect of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on primary dysmenorrhoea according to functional magnetic resonance imaging: study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Wang Lezheng , Yang Jian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Primary dysmenorrhoea (PDM) is defined as a series of pain-dominated symptoms during and after menstruation without organic lesions. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral contraceptives are usually recommended as first-line therapy for the clinical treatment of PDM, but their widespread long-term application is controversial. Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been widely applied in musculoskeletal rehabilitation because of its secure and noninvasive characteristics and its confirmed effect in improving pain symptoms. This research seeks to explore the efficacy of rESWT for PDM and the changes in brain function of patients with PDM.

Methods
This clinical research will be a randomised, blind, sham-controlled trial. Thirty-six patients with PDM will be randomly divided into the rESWT group (n = 18) and the sham rESWT group (n = 18). In the rESWT group, treatment will be applied once within 48 h of menstruation at six abdominal myofascial trigger points. The sham rESWT group will receive sham shockwave therapy on the same sites but without energy input. Other dysmenorrhoea-related treatments in both groups will be limited. The main indicators include the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Cox Menstrual Symptom Scale. The secondary indicators include the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) changes in brain regions. Results will be evaluated at the screening, at baseline, and before and after treatment, and adverse treatments will be examined. Inter- and intragroup analyses will be performed.

Discussion
This randomised controlled study is designed to explore the immediate efficacy of rESWT for PDM. After rESWT treatment, PDM symptom tests and pain tests, as well as fMRI data, will be investigated for the potential connections between immediate neuroanalgesic mechanisms, which are associated with pain and brain networks. The main results will be used to assess the efficacy of rESWT, and secondary results will focus on improving the neurobiological understanding of disease treatment.

Trial registration
China Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR1900020678. Registered on 13 January 2019.
Situation analysis of onchocerciasis in Cameroon: a protocol for systematic review of epidemiological studies and impact of disease control interventions
Authors: Nana-Djeunga Hugues C. , Domche André , Niamsi-Emalio Yannick , Moungui Henri C. , Walker Martin , Basáñez Maria-Gloria , Kamgno Joseph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany control methods have been implemented to tackle onchocerciasis and great successes have been achieved, leading to a paradigm shift from control of morbidity to interruption of transmission and ultimately elimination. The mandate of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) ended in 2015, and endemic countries are to plan and conduct elimination activities by themselves, with technical assistance by the Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN). To this end, an elimination expert committee was set up in Cameroon in 2018. This committee identified the need to update the data on the current situation of onchocerciasis. The present study aims to systematically review and report all available epidemiological data, including prevalence, intensity and transmission of onchocerciasis to provide pertinent information that will be useful to design optimal strategies to achieve onchocerciasis elimination in Cameroon.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science will be searched from inception onwards. Grey literature will be identified through Google Scholar searches, dissertation databases and other relevant documents such as government reports. Eligible studies will be mostly observational, including cohort and cross-sectional surveys. No limitations will be imposed on publication status and study period. The primary outcomes will be (1) the prevalence and intensity ofOnchocerca volvulusinfection in humans, (2) transmission intensity and (3) impact of interventions on prevalence, intensity and transmission of onchocerciasis. Secondary outcomes will be environmental and socio-demographic factors supporting the primary outcomes. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. Methodological quality including bias will be appraised using appropriate approaches. A narrative synthesis will describe quality and content of the epidemiological evidence. Prevalence and intensity of infection estimates will be stratified according to gender, age, geographical location and year of publication.DiscussionThis study will provide the health authorities as well as the scientific community with up-to-date information about the epidemiological situation of onchocerciasis in Cameroon. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of the infection will help to define alternative and complementary strategies to accelerate onchocerciasis elimination in the country. Results of this review will also be used to update existing epidemiological models for onchocerciasis in order to fine-tune predictions of elimination timeframes in the country.Systematic review registrationThis protocol is under registration review in PROSPERO.
The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms
Authors: Chia Po Ying , Sengupta Sharmila , Kukreja Anjanna , S.L. Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Ng Oon Tek , Marimuthu Kalisvar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInfections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organisms (GN) are associated with a high mortality rate and present an increasing challenge to the healthcare system worldwide. In recent years, increasing evidence supports the association between the healthcare environment and transmission of MDRGN to patients and healthcare workers. To better understand the role of the environment in transmission and acquisition of MDRGN, we conducted a utilitarian review based on literature published from 2014 until 2019.
Conjugate margins — An oversimplification of the complex southern North Atlantic rift and spreading system?
Authors: Peace Alexander L. , Kim Welford J. 
Published: February 2020

The prevalence of conjugate margin terminology and studies in the scientific literature is testimony to the contribution that this concept and approach has made to the study of passive margins, and more broadly extensional tectonics. However, when applied to the complex rift, transform, and spreading system of the southern North Atlantic (i.e., the passive margins of Newfoundland, Labrador, Ireland, Iberia, and southern Greenland), it becomes obvious that at these passive continental margin settings, additional geologic phenomena complicate this convenient description. These aspects include (1) the preservation of relatively undeformed continental fragments, (2) formation of transform systems and oblique rifts, (3) triple junctions (with rift and spreading axes), (4) multiple failed rift axes, (5) postbreakup processes such as magmatism, (6) localized subduction, and (7) ambiguity in identification of oceanic isochrons. Comparison of two different published reconstructions of the region indicates the ambiguity in conducting conjugate margin studies. This demonstrates the need for a more pragmatic approach to the study of continental passive margin settings where a greater emphasis is placed on the inclusion of these possibly complicating features in palinspastic reconstructions, plate tectonics, and evolutionary models.
Mastering the Skills of Semantic Reading As a Result of Teaching Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: February 2020

The article describes the semantic reading, considered as the main component of communicative functional literacy, the mastery of which
includes both subject and meta-subject learning outcomes of primary schoolchildren. The features of the methodology of teaching semantic
reading at different stages of school education are revealed. Examples of tasks that contribute to the development of semantic reading skills in
schoolchildren studying in the fourth grades are given.
Debating the Jinn: Making and unmaking of the invisible beings in the discursive tradition of Malabar
Authors: Chenganakkattil Muhamed Riyaz 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article is an addition to the culture of 'debate as performance' in the Indian subcontinent as a research on the theological arguments through texts and performances on the existence of invisible creatures. It locates the space of the debates in Malabar, which has a long history of argumentative tradition. This article suggests that (in)visibility is the central point of contestation when one analyses the debating culture on Jinns. Textual representation of arguments and performance on the stage are two spaces where we can analytically explore the cases. The Jinn debate has undergone transitions in its development towards a core ideological point in Malabar. How do proponents and opponents corroborate their arguments based on texts or the logical understanding? When has this practice begun? Who were the leading Jinn debaters in Malabar? Malabar, as a discursive space for debates, has contributed to the making and unmaking of Jinns in the region. It is obvious that these debates were performative events, as a performance of the pure religion, and as a performative moment for distinctions for each ideology from the other.
Apresentação
Authors: Souza Ediléia Alves Mendes 
Published: February 2020

O escopo deste dossiê, com foco nas políticas públicas de educação em tempo integral, é dialogar com diferentes nuances do tema em tela, presentes na realidade do sistema de ensino do Brasil. Sem a pretensão de concluir discussões, na coleção de artigos que o compõe abre-se o debate para reflexões em torno dos principais aspectos que envolvem a elaboração, implantação, desenvolvimento e efetividade de programas, projetos e propostas dessa natureza, passando pelo embasamento teórico e legal até algumas práticas cotidianas das escolas. As políticas públicas de educação em tempo integral no Brasil se inserem no contexto de um Estado liberal, marcado por um sistema social desigual e excludente que favorece interesses das classes dominantes. Com o fortalecimento da globalização e a crescente expansão capitalista, sobretudo a partir da década de 1990, se radicalizou a adoção de políticas de cunho neoliberal pautadas por medidas que defendem, por exemplo, a diminuição da intervenção do Estado na garantia de serviços públicos como saúde, educação e segurança. Tais medidas se aprofundaram em governos como o de Fernando Collor de Mello (1990-1992) e Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco (1992-1994), mas, sobretudo no de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002), o qual, de acordo com a literatura correlata, escancarou a economia brasileira à privatização.
Educação em tempo integral no Brasil: rupturas, avanços, permanências e desafios de uma política pública no contexto escolar
Authors: Souza Ediléia Alves Mendes , Muñoz Palafox Gabriel Humberto , Silva Maria Vieira , França Robson Luiz de 
Published: February 2020

Na presente entrevista, por meio do diálogo estabelecido com uma professora engajada na luta em defesa da educação pública, propõe-se a fazer uma análise a respeito da educação integral em tempo integral. Para tal abordou-se alguns dos principais aspectos que influenciam na implementação e desenvolvimento dessa política no contexto escolar brasileiro. As reflexões contribuem para fomentar a crítica em torno de concepções vigentes, da estrutura, da legislação, ressaltando-se rupturas, avanços e lacunas que ainda persistem. O balanço analítico em torno da experiência dos Ciep, no Rio de Janeiro nas décadas de 1980/1990, coloca em discussão os limites e desafios dessa política e ao mesmo tempo resgata-a enquanto possibilidade de melhoria do ensino público promovendo maior igualdade educacional visto que permite ampliar as experiências formativas dos alunos, sobretudo das camadas populares.
IMPLIKASI KERUSUHAN 1999 TERHADAP INTERAKSI SOSIAL KEAGAMAAN ETNIS MELAYU DAN MADURA DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Wahyudhi Syukron 
Published: February 2020

Indonesia is a country that has diversity of ethnicities and religions. The diversity makes Indonesia known as a multicultural nation. However, the plurality that is rooted in them does not always lead to good. It is West Kalimantan, one of some regions that has a bitter history because it has repeatedly experienced ethnic violence. This theme is important to be researched for conflict is part of the human civilization history. If the conflict can be managed well, it will make both territory and society being grown up. But when conflict comes to violence and even murder, it becomes a historical wound that is hard to wiped out. In this research the researcher concentrates on a riot between ethnic Malay and ethnic Madura in 1999. The riot is interesting to be discussed by the researcher bacause the both ethnicities have a same religious background, Islam; even in term of religious culture, it is not much different. This research is a field study using the theory of Bikhu Parekh Multiculturalism. The problem statements in this reasearch are, first, what is the factor in the riot between ethnic Malay and Madura? Second, how are the implications toward socio-religious interaction between the both ethnicities nowadays? From the result of this research, it can be concluded that; First, it is an accumulation of ethnic Malay anger against ethnic Madura which for so long is viewed as often violates traditional and religious norms. Second, the riot becomes historical wound because it is implicated in sentiment and stereotypes between the two ethnic groups. According to the provident researcher, there should be some continuous efforts from the religious and traditional figures of both ethnics group as an endeavor to allay the sentiment and stereotypes in the society, in order to establish the harmony between ethnic Malay and ethnic Madura in Sambas and Singkawang. Keywords: Malay-Madura Riot, Social Interaction, and Multiculturalism.
BRAZILIAN AIRPORTS NETWORK EVALUATION
Authors: PEREIRA DEIVISON DA SILVEIRA , SOARES DE MELLO JOAO CARLOS CORREIA BAPTISTA 
Published: February 2020

Goal: This paper presents an analysis of the Brazilian air network based on the measure of h centrality.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The purpose of this study is to define and determine the central network using the concepts of h-centrality. Method adapted from graph theory concepts with bibliometrics, especially the h-index. From the center of this index will be listed the most used airports to define the Brazilian central network and thus determinate the type h-index of Brazil.
Results: The main airports in the results represent more than 50% of the homologated flights in Brazil.
Practical implications: This model of air flight frequencies assists in public policy guidelines and planning both in air traffic control and in the verification of system impacts.
Originality / Value: The method seeks to provide the list with main important airports without any prior definition by a decision maker.
Confined elasticae and the buckling of cylindrical shells
Authors: Wojtowytsch Stephan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
For curves of prescribed length embedded into the unit disk in two dimensions, we obtain scaling results for the minimal elastic energy as the length just exceeds

2
⁢
π

{2\pi}

and in the large length limit. In the small excess length case, we prove convergence to a fourth-order obstacle-type problem with integral constraint on the real line which we then solve. From the solution, we obtain the energy expansion

2
⁢
π

+

Θ
⁢

δ

1
3

+

o
⁢

(

δ

1
3

)

{2\pi+\Theta\delta^{\frac{1}{3}}+o(\delta^{\frac{1}{3}})}

when a curve has length

2
⁢
π

+
δ

{2\pi+\delta}

and determine first order coefficient

Θ
≈
37

{\Theta\approx 37}

. We present an application of the scaling result to buckling in two-layer cylindrical shells where we can determine an explicit bifurcation point between compression and buckling in terms of universal constants and material parameters scaling with the thickness of the inner shell.
Influence of the Print Layer Height in FDM Technology on the Rolling Force Value and the Print Time
Authors: Kiński Wojciech , Pietkiewicz Paweł 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a method and results of breaking of samples that undergo elongation, printed in the FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) technology including various height of a layer. A method of description of the FDM print was described. A developed methodology of research was presented − it was analogous to the research on breaking steel samples. The aim of the research was investigation of the height of a single layer of print on the strength parameters of the produced object. The studies on samples printed with two types of filling were made. The obtained results were set and compared. Based on the research that was carried out, it may be concluded that the tensile strength of samples made in the FDM print technology is proportional to the thickness of a single layer of print.
Methods of Research of Foil Bearings in START-STOP Cycle in the Presence of Working Medium
Authors: Moczulak Bartosz , Miąskowski Wojciech 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for testing sliding bearings with an elastic bearing liner was presented in the paper with a focus on the issue of selection of particular time intervals of the START-STOP test cycle. Then, results of the tests carried out according to the selected material combinations were presented. The working cycle of foil bearings tested on the test stand was performed in an automatic mode at the set number of sequences start-work-rundown-stop. Due to the highest use of sliding bearings during start and rundown of a machine, this type of tests is essential for selection of relevant sets of material for bearing elements. The article also presents the use of a thermo-visual camera for identification of additional thermal loads and manners of temperature stabilization in the test chamber.