bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undoing systems of exclusion: exploring inclusive leadership and systems thinking in two inclusive elementary schools
Authors: DeMatthews David 
Published: November 2020

PurposeMost education systems were not initially designed to include students with disabilities. However, over the past 25 years, great strives have been taken to ensure students with disabilities have access to the general education classroom and to important social, emotional and academic opportunities. Within the USA, researchers have begun to focus on the principal's role in creating and sustaining effective inclusive schools. The purpose of this article is to examine the leadership practices and perceptions associated with creating effective inclusive schools for students with disabilities.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study examined how two elementary school principals created an effective inclusive school and how they understood the challenges and change processes associated with inclusion. Each principal was interviewed and observed four times over one school year. Teachers and district administrators were also interviewed to gain insights into the school's progress with inclusion and to verify principals’ interview data.FindingsThis study added to existing research by identifying the following leadership practices critical to creating effective inclusive schools: (1) creating a culture of change-oriented collaboration, (2) planning and evaluating, (3) building capacity and (4) developing/revising plans. The principals felt that these practices enabled inclusion to take root, despite challenges and the chaotic nature of life in schools. A total of three additional themes emerged related to how principals understood change processes and challenges associated with inclusion: collaborative inquiry, information flow and crises/distractions/fatigue.Practical implicationsSeveral key leadership practices were identified in this study, including practices associated to systems thinking (ST). These practices hold promise and might be applied to thoughtfully design inclusive reforms. Faculty in principal preparation programs might also consider exposing aspiring leaders to the literature on leadership for effective inclusive schools as well as systems thinking.Originality/valueThe paper identifies the leadership practices of two principals who created effective inclusive schools. The paper is unique as it applies a ST lens to the investigation of leadership for inclusion.
The History and Etymology of CappadocianFšáx‘Child’, PharasiotFšáxi‘Boy’
Authors: Janse Mark , Vandewalle Johan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCappadocianfšáx‘child’ and Pharasiotfšáxi‘boy’ are traditionally derived from Turkishuşak, assuming a hitherto unexplained fricativization of [u] to [f] and of word‐final [k] to [x] after the borrowing process. The latter cannot be attributed to Cappadocian or Pharasiot, however, as it is a common feature of Anatolian Turkish. In order to understand the former sound change, we have to assume an isolated case of high vowel fricativization in the articulated pluralta ušáxja>ta fšáxja→ sg.to fšáx(i)by metanalysis, comparable to the generally acknowledged case ofta otjá>ta utjá>ta ftjá→ sg.to ftí‘the ear’. We argue thatfšáx(i)is an archaism in light of the parallel use ofuşak→ušákreported in nineteenth‐century sources and the preservation of word‐final [x] even in dialects which seem to have borrowed words ending in [k] from Standard instead of Anatolian Turkish. The irregular inflection of Cappadocianfšáxsuggests that it was borrowed as an adjective from Old Anatolian Turkish before it was substantivized in Ottoman Turkish, perhaps even from Old Turkishuvşak‘little’:ta ufšáxa ta peðjá‘the little children’ >ta fšáxa‘the little ones’ by apheresis.
Rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas: from molecular genetics to the market
Authors: Soberón‐Chávez Gloria , González‐Valdez Abigail , Soto‐Aceves Martín P. , Cocotl‐Yañez Miguel 
Published: November 2020

SummaryRhamnolipids are biosurfactants with a wide range of industrial applications that entered into the market a decade ago. They are naturally produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some Burkholderia species. Occasionally, some strains of different bacterial species, like Pseudomonas chlororaphis NRRL B‐30761, which have acquired RL‐producing ability by horizontal gene transfer, have been described. P. aeruginosa, the ubiquitous opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, is the best rhamnolipids producer, but Pseudomonas putida has been used as heterologous host for the production of this biosurfactant with relatively good yields. The molecular genetics of rhamnolipids production by P. aeruginosa has been widely studied not only due to the interest in developing overproducing strains, but because it is coordinately regulated with the expression of different virulence‐related traits by the quorum‐sensing response. Here, we highlight how the research of the molecular mechanisms involved in rhamnolipid production have impacted the development of strains that are suitable for industrial production of this biosurfactant, as well as some perspectives to improve these industrial useful strains.
Incidence of giant cell arteritis after bisphosphonate exposure: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mahmood Salman Bin , Ji Yuanyuan , Peng Yi , Abou Zahr Zaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesBisphosphonates may cause autoimmune reactions via a cytokine‐mediated acute phase response. A case of giant cell arteritis (GCA) after zoledronate injection was recently reported. We aimed to evaluate this association by reviewing the incidence of GCA after bisphosphonate administration.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using the medical claims data of elderly patients in the 20% Medicare random sample from 2008‐2014 who had received zoledronate or ibandronate. Patients who had a diagnosis claim of GCA within the past year before receiving either bisphosphonate were excluded. The development of GCA was assessed in 2 ways: GCA diagnosis claim within 28 days of bisphosphonate injection and another claim within 90 days of initial claim; and temporal artery biopsy claim within 28 days of bisphosphonate injection and GCA diagnosis claim within 90 days of biopsy. Due to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reporting requirements we excluded numbers less than 11 from analysis.ResultsThe incidence of GCA was 0.010% and 0.013% after zoledronate and ibandronate injection respectively. In the zoledronate group incidence was highest in patients aged 75‐85 years (0.011%), in Whites (0.011%), in the northeast census region (0.013%) and higher in females (0.011% vs 0.009%). All GCA cases noted in the ibandronate group involved White females. We are unable to report incidences by age and region due to the paucity of data.ConclusionThe incidence of GCA after bisphosphonate injection was not increased compared to the generally reported incidence in the USA.
Clinical implications of synovial fluid specimen handling for crystal associated arthritides: A systematic review
Authors: Meyer Megan M. , Marks Lisa A. , Aslam Fawad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo identify the appropriate methods of synovial fluid (SF) specimen storage, manipulation and handling for crystal associated arthritides (CAA) diagnosis.MethodA systematic literature review was conducted using 5 medical databases to identify diagnostic studies assessing SF specimen handling for calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals identification. All included studies were rated for quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2.ResultsFifteen studies, including 2 non‐English language manuscripts, were included. Eight studies examined both types of crystals, while 3 studies examined CPP and 4 studies examined MSU crystals only. Overall, MSU crystals were more stable over time compared to CPP crystals. MSU stability was generally independent of time, preservative and temperature. CPP crystals deteriorated with time and were more stable if refrigerated. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was a suitable preservative. Re‐examining an initially negative SF sample at 24 hours facilitated detection of additional cases. Very few studies had an overall low risk of bias and applicability.ConclusionMonosodium urate crystals remain stable over time independent of storage time, temperature and preservative. CPP crystals are mostly stable for 24‐48 hours but can deteriorate with time. Overall, SF crystal examination should ideally be done within 24‐48 hours. They may be stored at room temperature without any preservative. Otherwise, refrigeration (4°C/39°F) and EDTA preservation is reasonable. Stored SF re‐examination, at 24 hours, helps identify a small number of additional MSU and CPP cases. Centrifugation techniques allow better and easier crystal identification, particularly CPP. Most studies were of unclear or low quality.
Autologous cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells enhance the clinical response to PD‐1 blocking antibodies in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Han Ying , Mu Di , Liu Ting , Zhang Huan , Zhang Jiali , Li Shuzhan , Wang Rui , Du Weijiao , Hui Zhenzhen , Zhang Xinwei , Ren Xiubao 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundProgrammed death‐1 (PD‐1) blocking antibodies have been shown to improve progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival in a subset of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the objective response rate with these agents remains low, and the vast majority of NSCLC patients require alternative combination treatment regimens to prolong their survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cell infusions combined with PD‐1 blocking antibodies in patients with NSCLC.MethodsIn this preliminary study, we investigated the safety and immune function effectiveness of PD‐1 blockade antibodies pembrolizumab or nivolumab administered in combination with or without autologous CIK cell infusions in 18 patients with advanced NSCLC. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from these patients and the expression level of some cell surface molecules like PD‐1 were detected using flow cytometry to reflect the effectiveness of this combination regimen.ResultsNo treatment‐related deaths occurred in either cohort. In comparison with the pretreatment level, CD3+CD56+CD16+ T cells were significantly increased with the combination therapy, while myeloid‐derived suppressor cells were significantly increased with PD‐1 blocking antibody therapy alone but not with combination therapy. Although the serum interleukin‐4 level was downregulated following treatment with the combination regimen, interferon‐γ levels were unchanged.ConclusionsThe purpose of this clinical study was to report the clinical efficacy and lack of exacerbated autoimmune adverse events with a combination of PD‐1 blockade and CIK cell infusions in patients with advanced NSCLC, further supporting assessments of this combination in future clinical trials.
Incorporating time into the traditional correlational distributional modelling framework: A proof‐of‐concept using the Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina
Authors: Ingenloff Kate , Peterson Andrew T. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Detailed spatio‐temporal information about geographic distributions of species is critical for biodiversity analyses in conservation and planning. Traditional correlative modelling approaches use species observational data in model calibration and testing in a time‐averaged framework. This method averages environmental values through time to yield a single environmental value for each location. Although valuable for exploring distributions of species at a broad level, this averaging is one of myriad factors impacting model quality and reliability.

We sought to optimize traditional correlative niche model performance in distributional ecology contexts by incorporating time specificity into the existing modelling framework. We modified the existing framework to account for temporal dynamics in species' distributions to produce more robust, temporally explicit models. Using the Wood Thrush Hylostichla mustelina as our study species, we introduce a method of (a) deriving a temporally explicit pseudo‐absence dataset using kernel density estimates to replicate relative sampling of sites through time, and (b) incorporating temporally explicit covariates in model calibration.

By accounting for location, and month and year of primary data collection, the time‐specific models successfully yielded dynamic predictions reflecting known distributional shifts in Hylocichla mustelina's annual movement pattern.

The modified data preparation steps that we present incorporate temporal dimensions into traditional correlational modelling approaches improving predictive capacity and overall utility of these models for highly mobile, short‐lived or behaviourally complex species. With the ability to estimate species' niches in greater detail, time‐specific models will be able to address specific concerns of species‐level management and policy development for highly mobile and/or migratory species, as well as disease vectors of public health interest.
Sixty years of Accounting & Finance: a bibliometric analysis of major research themes and contributions
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina K. , Marrone Mauricio , Singh Abhay K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article offers a systematic review of the major contributions in the journal Accounting & Finance over the past 60 years. We apply several different bibliographic tools to model highly cited articles and major strands of research that have significantly advanced research in accounting and finance across the Asia‐Pacific region. An analysis of bursting (or ‘hot’) topics shows major research trends over time, including recent ‘hot’ topics such as China‐related research, corporate social responsibility and sustainable finance. The article concludes by highlighting new research directions ‐ Accounting & Finance has opened towards more interdisciplinary research and greater diversity in methods.
Neurocognitive functioning after electroconvulsive therapy in late‐life depression: A 4‐year prospective study
Authors: Obbels Jasmien , Vansteelandt Kristof , Bouckaert Filip , Dols Annemiek , Stek Max , Verwijk Esmée , Sienaert Pascal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveDespite the proven efficacy and safety of ECT, there is still concern about the possible cognitive side effects of ECT in older patients. In this study, we aimed to characterize the long‐term cognitive effects of ECT in patients with late‐life depression (LLD) from before the start until 4 years after the index ECT course.MethodsFourty one patients aged 55 years and older with a unipolar depression, referred for ECT, were included. The neuropsychological test battery was assessed prior to ECT, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, and 4 years after the last ECT session.ResultsWe did not find any statistically significant cognitive changes from before the start to 4 years after ending the ECT course. Although we could not detect cognitive changes at group level, we found clinically important differences on an individual level.ConclusionCognitive performance in patients with LLD runs a stable course from before the start of ECT until 4 years after the index course. At an individual level, however, both cognitive decline and improvement can be witnessed. Older patients can tolerate ECT and most of them will not experience long‐term cognitive side effects.
Juvenile spring eruption among soldiers: A report of a large outbreak
Authors: Kılıç Sayar Sıla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractJuvenile spring eruption is a rare photodermatosis characterised by papules and vesicles appeared on the helix of the ears. A combination of environmental factors including sunlight and cold has been postulated in the pathogenesis. Herein, 58 soldiers with juvenile spring eruption from a single military unit are reported and the characteristics of other reported outbreaks among soldiers are reviewed. [Correction added on 14th November 2020, after first online publication: “The last sentence of the abstract section has been revised.”]
Anaemia in cardiac surgery – a retrospective review of a centre's experience with a pre‐operative intravenous iron clinic
Authors: Quarterman C. , Shaw M. , Hughes S. , Wallace V. , Agarwal S. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryPre‐operative anaemia is associated with higher rates of transfusion and worse outcomes, including prolonged hospital stay, morbidity and mortality. Iron deficiency is associated with significantly lower haemoglobin levels throughout the peri‐operative period and more frequent blood transfusion. Correction of iron stores before surgery forms part of the first pillar of patient blood management. We established a pre‐operative anaemia clinic to aid identification and treatment of patients with iron deficiency anaemia scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. We present a retrospective observational review of our experience from January 2017 to December 2019. One‐hundred and ninety patients received treatment with intravenous iron, a median of 21 days before cardiac surgery. Of these, 179 had a formal laboratory haemoglobin level measured before surgery, demonstrating a median rise in haemoglobin of 8.0 g.l‐1. Patients treated with i.v. iron demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of transfusion (60%) compared with the non‐anaemic cohort (22%) during the same time period, p < 0.001. Significantly higher rates of new requirement for renal replacement therapy (6.7% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001) and of stroke (3.7% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.010) were also seen in this group compared with those without anaemia, although there was no significant difference in in‐hospital mortality (1.6% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.230). In patients where the presenting haemoglobin was less than 130 g.l‐1, but there was no intervention or treatment, there was no difference in rates of transfusion or of complications compared with the anaemic group treated with iron. In patients with proven iron deficiency anaemia, supplementation with intravenous iron showed only a modest effect on haemoglobin and this group still had a significantly higher transfusion requirement than the non‐anaemic cohort. Supplementation with intravenous iron did not improve outcomes compared with patients with anaemia who did not receive intravenous iron and did not reduce peri‐operative risk to non‐anaemic levels. Questions remain regarding identification of patients who will receive most benefit, the use of concomitant treatment with other agents, and the optimum time frames for treatment in order to produce benefit in the real‐world setting.
Effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on male sex‐related hormones in recovering patients
Authors: Xu Hui , Wang Zhixian , Feng Chunxiang , Yu Weiwei , Chen Yuan , Zeng Xiaoyong , Liu Chang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundA novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causing the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), may attack testes by angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2.ObjectiveTo assess whether SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can affect sex‐related hormones and testicular function in recovering patients.Materials and methodsThe patients were separately classified according to the duration of viral shedding (long‐term positive vs normal‐term group, with the former cases having a duration > 50 days) and disease severity (moderate vs severe group). Differences in sex‐related hormone levels were compared between groups and linear regression analysis was used to compare the associations of testosterone (T) and estradiol with various clinical and laboratory factors.ResultsA total of 39 COVID‐19‐infected patients were included in this study. The mean T level was in the normal reference range while the mean estradiol level was above the normal limit. There were no significant differences between the long‐term positive and normal‐term groups in T (P = .964), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH; P = .694), luteinizing hormone (LH; P = .171), prolactin (PRL; P = .836), or T/LH (P = .512). However, estradiol was higher in the normal‐term group than the long‐term positive group (P < .001). Moreover, there were also no significant differences between the moderate and severe groups in sex‐related hormones, duration of viral shedding, or serum biochemical or inflammation indicators. Additionally, regression analyses showed that there were no associations between the T level and the clinical and laboratory factors, while estradiol was negatively associated with the duration of viral shedding.ConclusionIn males infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, most sex‐related hormones (T, FSH and LH levels) remain within the normal reference ranges after recovery from COVID‐19, and no significant associations were observed between T level and disease duration or severity. At present, there is insufficient evidence to show that SARS‐CoV‐2 causes hypogonadism and sterility, but the potential risk should not be ignored.
Technics of Labor: Productivism, Expertise, and Solid Waste Management in a Public‐Private Partnership
Authors: Butt Waqas H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn Lahore, a public‐private partnership has been formed to replace the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Department. Along with technological and managerial interventions into the labor process, this partnership has also brought in a class of professionals whose expertise is viewed as being essential to improving solid waste management for the city. Nevertheless, a labor force of sanitation workers and supervisors from the municipal SWM Department remain the primary means by which discarded materials are actually taken away across the urban landscape. This article examines how technical and productivist frameworks were brought to bear—especially as professionals enacted their expertise—upon the labor process by which waste materials are disposed of in the city. In doing so, this article argues that in moments of institutional and technological transition, the instability of work as a category of action opens it up to potential revaluation. Not only does this approach make clear the frameworks, whether technical or productivist, through which forms of work or labor get revalued, it also allows us to trace a politics of work beyond such frameworks.
Population pharmacokinetics of azathioprine active metabolite in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and dosage regimens optimisation
Authors: Lin Rongfang , Lin Weiwei , Wang Changlian , Dong Jiashan , Zheng Weiwei , Zeng Dayong , Liu Yiwei , Lin Cuihong , Jiao Zheng , Huang Pinfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAzathioprine is a first‐line drug used to maintain the remission of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As a prodrug, azathioprine is metabolised to produce active 6‐thioguanine nucleotides (6‐TGN). There are large individual variations in the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of 6‐TGN in patients with IBD. Here, we aimed to develop a model to quantitatively investigate factors that affect 6‐TGN pharmacokinetics to formulate a dosage guideline for azathioprine. Data were collected prospectively from 100 adult patients with IBD who were receiving azathioprine. Patients were genotyped for two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (TPMT*3C c.719A > G and NUDT15 c.415C > T). Using high‐performance liquid chromatography, we measured 156 steady‐state trough concentrations of 6‐TGN within the range 0.09 to 1.16 mg/L (ie 133‐1733 pmol per 8 × 108 RBC). The covariates analysed included sex, age, body‐weight, laboratory tests and concomitant medications. A population pharmacokinetic model was established using “non‐linear mixed‐effects modelling” software and the “first‐order conditional estimation method with interaction.” Body‐weight, TPMT*3C polymorphisms and co‐therapy with mesalazine were found to be important factors influencing the clearance of 6‐TGN. A dosage guideline for azathioprine was developed based on the PPK model that enables individualised azathioprine dosing in adult patients with different body‐weights, TPMT*3C genotypes and co‐administration with mesalazine.