bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment in der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung
Authors: Huber Gerhard , Weiß Klaus 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMit dem Präventionsgesetz wurde dem Betrieb als herausgehobenes Setting der Gesundheitsförderung für erwachsene Menschen Rechnung getragen. Leider erfolgt die Umsetzung der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung eher nach den Prinzipien von Glaube und Hoffnung als nach einer validen Erfassung des jeweiligen Bedarfs oder gar der Wirksamkeit der Interventionen. Wenn Daten genutzt werden, so sind dies sehr häufig die von den Krankenkassen gelieferten Daten zum Arbeitsunfähigkeitsgeschehen. Diese haben aber nur eingeschränkte Aussagekraft. Wir plädieren in dem Beitrag deshalb für eine differenzierte Lösung, die die AU-Daten mit Befragung und qualitativen Analysen verbinden. Die mehrperspektivische Verbindung solcher Daten mit AU-Daten und qualitativen Analysen liefert nach unserer Einschätzung ein geeignetes Assessment für die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung.
Hymenopterengiftallergie – Wer kann wann sein Notfallset ablegen oder lieber nicht?
Authors: Treudler Regina , Simon Jan C. 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSchwere Soforttypreaktionen aufgrund einer Hymenopterengiftallergie (HGA) sollen mit einer intramuskulären Adrenalingabe behandelt werden. Die Indikation zur Verordnung eines Adrenalin-Autoinjektors (AAI) besteht bei Patienten, die an Mastzellerkrankungen leiden, eine erhöhte Serumtryptase haben und/oder bei Patienten ohne Venomimmuntherapie (VIT), bei denen mindestens zwei Organsysteme betroffen waren. Die Verordnung eines AAI kann ebenfalls in weiteren Risikosituationen vor, während oder nach Ende einer VIT erwogen werden.
Veränderungen der Klauen- und Gliedmaßengesundheit sowie Haarkortisolkonzentration von Milchkühen bei der Umstellung von Anbinde- auf Laufstallhaltung
Authors: Nuss Karl , Nogler Simon , Lüchinger Isabelle , Hässig Michael , Pieper Laura , Knubben-Schweizer Gabriela 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Bei einer Milchkuhherde, die von Anbinde- in Laufstallhaltung umgestallt wurde, sollten die Veränderungen der Klauengesundheit, die der Schädigungen der Karpal- und Tarsalgelenke sowie der mit der Umstallung verbundene Stress untersucht werden.
Material und Methoden Bei 4 Betriebsbesuchen im Abstand von 4–5 Monaten erfolgte bei initial 57 Milchkühen eine Befunderhebung im Klauenstand. Unterschieden wurde zwischen Klauenhorn- und Klauenhauterkrankungen sowie Schädigungen von Karpus und Tarsus. Beim 2. Besuch wurden einige Schwanzhaare abgeschnitten und deren Kortisolgehalt in 3 Segmenten analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die schon in der Anbindehaltung hohe Prävalenz der Hauterkrankungen veränderte sich im Untersuchungszeitraum nicht (49 % beim 1. Besuch, 46 % beim letzten Besuch). Die Ballenhornfäule betraf im Anbindestall nur wenige (14 %) und zuletzt alle Kühe (100 %). Die Prävalenz der sonstigen Schäden des Hornschuhs nahm tendenziell ab. Nach der Umstallung kam es zu einer signifikanten Reduktion der Häufigkeit und Ausprägung der Karpal- und Tarsalschäden. Die Haarkortisolkonzentration war im Zeitraum der Umstallung sowie im Laufstall signifikant höher als im Anbindestall.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Unter der Vielzahl der beeinflussenden Faktoren hatten wahrscheinlich die bequemen Liegeboxen und die Gummilaufflächen den größten positiven Einfluss auf die Gesundheit der Karpal- und Tarsalgelenke. Die wechselnde Häufigkeit der Klauenhornschäden zeigte, dass diesbezüglich eine ständige Kontrolle erforderlich ist. Der Verlauf der Kortisolkonzentration kann auf erhöhtem Stress im Laufstall, jedoch auch auf einem ein „Auswascheffekt“ aus den älteren Haarsegmenten beruhen.
Klinische Relevanz Die Verhältnisse der untersuchten Aufstallungsformen lassen sich nur bedingt auf andere Betriebe übertragen. Anhand der Besserung von Karpal- und Tarsalschäden wird jedoch die entscheidende Bedeutung des Kuhkomforts ersichtlich. Der signifikante Anstieg der Prävalenz der Ballenhornfäule weist auf die Schwächung des Hornschuhs im Laufstallmilieu hin.
Tiotropium in der Asthmatherapie – was sind die Effekte und wirkt es auch antientzündlich?
Authors: Vogelberg Christian 
Published: October 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit der Substanz Tiotropium existiert eine weitere Behandlungsoption bei Asthma bronchiale, die in mehreren pädiatrischen Studien eine deutliche Verbesserung der Lungenfunktion bei zusätzlicher Gabe zur Dauertherapie gezeigt hat und zudem über ein sehr gutes Sicherheitsprofil verfügt. In der aktuellen Auflage der Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie Asthma bronchiale wird daher nun die zusätzliche Behandlung mit Tiotropium ab der Therapiestufe 4 empfohlen, wenn eine unzureichende Asthmakontrolle unter mitteldosiertem inhalativem Steroid + LABA und/oder LTRA vorliegt. Diese Therapieoption sollte unbedingt beachtet und umgesetzt werden, bevor eine weitere Dosissteigerung des inhalativen Steroids erfolgt.
Appropriate use criteria for dementia amyloid imaging in Switzerland – mini-review and statement on behalf of the Swiss Society of Nuclear Medicine and the Swiss Memory Clinics
Authors: Juengling Freimut Dankwart , Allenbach Gilles , Bruehlmeier Matthias , Klaeser Bernd , Wissmeyer Michael Peter , Garibotto Valentina , Felbecker Ansgar , Georgescu Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile FDG-PET imaging of the brain for the differential diagnosis of dementia has been covered by the compulsory health insurance in Switzerland for more than a decade, beta-amyloid-PET just recently has been added to the catalogue of procedures that have been cleared for routine use, provided that a set of appropriate use criteria (AUC) be followed. To provide guidance to dementia care practitioners, the Swiss Society of Nuclear Medicine and the Swiss Memory Clinics jointly report a mini-review on beta-amyloid-PET and discuss the AUC set into effect by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health, as well as their application and limitations.
Modular Synthesis of Streptogramin Antibiotics
Authors: Li Qi , Seiple Ian B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStreptogramins are antibiotics produced by several species of Streptomyces bacteria that are used in both human and veterinary medicine. Group A streptogramins comprise 23-membered macrocyclic polyketide/nonribosomal peptide hybrids for which several innovative fully synthetic routes have been developed. Herein we describe in detail our scalable routes to natural Group A streptogramins and we compare these routes to other reported syntheses.
Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Focus on Testing that May Enable Prediction and Assessment of the Risk
Authors: Douxfils Jonathan , Morimont Laure , Bouvy Céline 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCombined oral contraceptives (COCs) induce several changes in the levels of coagulation factors. The levels of procoagulant factors are often increased, while levels of anticoagulant factors are decreased. Fibrinolysis is also affected, even if the effect seems to be more counterbalanced by opposite regulation of profibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic factors. These effects on hemostasis are more pronounced with third- or fourth-generation COC compared with second-generation COC. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk increases when multiple risk factors, including genetic and environmental, are present simultaneously. COC use causes changes in coagulation that modify the prothrombotic state induced by preexisting hemostatic alterations in a supra-additive manner. Therefore, testing appears to be of importance not only before implementing COC but also to monitor any potential thrombogenicity induced by COC therapy. Inherited genetic factors, such as factor V Leiden, G20210A prothrombin mutation, antithrombin, protein C or protein S deficiencies, non-O blood group, as well as CYP2C9*2 and the rs4379368 mutations, have all been identified as genetic predictive risk factors of VTE in women. Nevertheless, the screening of these genetic biomarkers is not capable of assessing the phenotypic expression of the risk. This review will focus on the different options for screening the thrombogenic status in this population. Specific attention will be given to the endogenous thrombin potential-based activated protein C resistance, a test aiming at assessing the thrombogenicity induced by hormonal therapies and inherited or acquired thrombophilia.
Thiamine Treatment and Favorable Outcome in an Infant with Biallelic TPK1 Variants
Authors: Eckenweiler Matthias , Mayr Johannes A. , Grünert Sarah , Abicht Angela , Korinthenberg Rudolf 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpisodic encephalopathy due to mutations in the thiamine pyrophosphokinase 1 (TPK1) gene is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder. Patients reported so far have onset in early childhood of acute encephalopathic episodes, which result in a progressive neurologic dysfunction including ataxia, dystonia, and spasticity. Here, we report the case of an infant with TPK1 deficiency (compound heterozygosity for two previously described pathogenic variants) presenting with two encephalopathic episodes and clinical stabilization under oral thiamine and biotin supplementation. In contrast to other reported cases, our patient showed an almost normal psychomotor development, which might be due to an early diagnosis and subsequent therapy.
The Male Is Significantly Implicated as the Cause of Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Aitken Robert John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMale infertility is recognized as a relatively common, complex condition, generated by a broad array of environmental and genetic factors. Historical reliance on the conventional semen profile has tended to underestimate the true contribution of “the male factor” to human infertility. This review highlights the importance of genetic and epigenetic factors in the etiology of male infertility, identifying a range of mutations responsible for primary testicular failure and impaired fertilizing potential. More than three quarters of all de novo mutations arise in the male germline via mechanisms that involve the inefficient or defective repair of DNA damage. Understanding the range of factors capable of creating genetic turmoil in the paternal germline is essential, if we are to gain a deep understanding of the causes of male infertility, rather than just the symptoms that characterize its presence. High levels of DNA fragmentation induced by oxidative stress are part of this equation. Oxidative stress is, in turn, driven by biological (age, ejaculation frequency, varicocele, infection), lifestyle (smoking, obesity), and environmental factors (heat, other forms of electromagnetic radiation, and toxins) that can impair the fertilizing potential of the spermatozoa and influence the incidence of spontaneous mutations that may cause infertility in the offspring.
Interdisciplinary Teams in Endometriosis Care
Authors: Allaire Catherine , Long Alicia Jean , Bedaiwy Mohamed A. , Yong Paul J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEndometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain can at times be a complex problem that is resistant to standard medical and surgical therapies. Multiple comorbidities and central sensitization may be at play and must be recognized with the help of a thorough history and physical examination. If a complex pain problem is identified, most endometriosis expert reviews and guidelines recommend multidisciplinary care. However, there are no specific recommendations about what should be the components of this approach and how that type of team care should be delivered. There is evidence showing the effectiveness of specific interventions such as pain education, physical therapy, psychological therapies, and pharmacotherapies for the treatment of chronic pain. Interdisciplinary team models have been well studied and validated in other chronic pain conditions such as low back pain. The published evidence in support of interdisciplinary teams for endometriosis-associated chronic pain is more limited but appears promising. Based on the available evidence, a model for an interdisciplinary team approach for endometriosis care is outlined.
Moving Beyond Lewis: Employment and Wage Trends in China’s High- and Low-Skilled Industries and the Emergence of an Era of Polarization
Authors: Rozelle Scott , Xia Yiran , Friesen Dimitris , Vanderjack Bronson , Cohen Nourya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOne of the defining features of China’s economy over the two decades between 1995 and 2015 was the persistent rise of wages for workers and professionals in nearly every segment of the economy—with wage rates for labor-intensive jobs in manufacturing, construction, and the informal service sector rising the fastest. Recently, however, the economic environment in China has begun to change, including changes in both employment and wages. We identify recent employment/wage trends throughout China’s economy and postulate the sources of these trends as well as possible future consequences if they continue. We use official, nationally aggregated data to examine employment and wages in multiple sectors and industries. Our findings indicate that China may have entered a new phase of economic development in the mid-2010s. According to the data, in recent years, wage growth has begun to polarize: Rising for professionals employed in formal skill-intensive industries; and falling for workers in the informal labor-intensive service sector. We attribute this increase in skill-intensive wages to an increase in demand for skill-intensive employment, due to the emergence of a large middle class in China, for whom the demand for high technology, finance, banking, health, and higher education industries is increasing while, at least in the recent short term, the supply of experienced, high-skilled professionals has not kept up. The employment/wage trend in the informal (low-wage) service sector, however, is following a different pattern. While there is a rising demand for services in China’s economy, the growth, due to a number of factors (e.g., large shares of GDP targeted by policymakers to investment; high rates of savings by consumers), is relatively slow. In contrast, due to a number of economic forces, including globalization and automation, the supply of labor into the service sector of the informal economy is being fueled by the flow of labor out of manufacturing and construction (two industries that that have experienced employment declines since 2013). These supply and demand trends, in turn, are leading to the fall in the growth rate of wages in the informal service sector. We conclude by discussing the possible longer-term consequences of these emerging polarization trends based on an examination of recent experience with wage polarization occurring in both middle- and high-income countries, as well as its consequences. We also present policy recommendations for greater investment in education and human capital, as well as for the development of a more comprehensive set of social safety nets for different segments of China’s population.
MNK2 governs the macrophage antiinflammatory phenotype
Authors: Bartish Margarita , Tong Dongmei , Pan Yangxun , Wallerius Majken , Liu Hui , Ristau Johannes , de Souza Ferreira Sabrina , Wallmann Tatjana , van Hoef Vincent , Masvidal Laia , Kerzel Thomas , Joly Anne-Laure , Goncalves Christophe , Preston Samuel E. J. , Ebrahimian Talin , Seitz Christina , Bergh Jonas , Pietras Kristian , Lehoux Stephanie , Naldini Luigi , Andersson John , Squadrito Mario Leonardo , del Rincón Sonia V. , Larsson Ola , Rolny Charlotte 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceThe tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype is continuously modulated during tumor progression to facilitate immune escape. Yet, how gene expression programs control TAM phenotypes during this process is largely unknown. Here we show that, during acquisition of a protumor phenotype, gene expression in TAMs is predominantly modulated via selective changes in mRNA translation rather than changes in mRNA abundance. Detailed studies pinpointed augmented activity of MNK2, which phosphorylates eIF4E and thereby modulates mRNA translation, as required for the antiinflammatory macrophage phenotype. Accordingly, suppression of MNK2 reeducated antiinflammatory macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype with the ability to activate CD8+T cells.
Disproportionate extinction of South American mammals drove the asymmetry of the Great American Biotic Interchange
Authors: Carrillo Juan D. , Faurby Søren , Silvestro Daniele , Zizka Alexander , Jaramillo Carlos , Bacon Christine D. , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: October 2020

SignificanceThe biological interchange between North and South America associated with the formation of the Isthmus of Panama is key to defining current gradients of species diversity. A major gap in our understanding of the interchange is its asymmetry, where mammals of North American origin attained higher diversity in South America than vice versa. The prevailing view is that this asymmetry resulted from higher origination of immigrant mammals in South America. In contrast, we find that asymmetry results from high extinction of native mammals in South America, which reduced the diversity of native mammals available to disperse northwards. These results shed light on the legacy of the biotic interchange to understand the current patterns of species diversity across the Americas.
Boundary contributions in the causal set action
Authors: Dowker Fay 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Evidence is provided for a conjecture that, in the continuum limit, the mean of the causal set action of a causal set sprinkled into a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian spacetime,

M

, of finite volume equals the Einstein Hilbert action of

M

plus the volume of the co-dimension 2 intersection of the future boundary with the past boundary. We give the heuristic argument for this conjecture and analyse some examples in 2 dimensions and one example in 4 dimensions.
Joint super-resolution image reconstruction and parameter identification in imaging operator: analysis of bilinear operator equations, numerical solution, and application to magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Kluth Tobias , Bathke Christine , Jiang Ming , Maass Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
One important property of imaging modalities and related applications is the resolution of image reconstructions which relies on various factors such as instrumentation or data processing. Restrictions in resolution can have manifold origins, e.g., limited resolution of available data, noise level in the data, and/or inexact model operators. In this work we investigate a novel data processing approach suited for inexact model operators. Here, two different information sources, high-dimensional model information and high-quality measurement on a lower resolution, are comprised in a hybrid approach. The joint reconstruction of a high resolution image and parameters of the imaging operator are obtained by minimizing a Tikhonov-type functional. The hybrid approach is analyzed for bilinear operator equations with respect to stability, convergence, and convergence rates. We further derive an algorithmic solution exploiting an algebraic reconstruction technique. The study is complemented by numerical results ranging from an academic test case to image reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging.
Dielectrophoretic high-purity isolation of primary T-cells in samples contaminated with leukemia cells, for biomanufacturing of therapeutic CAR T-cells
Authors: Ringwelski Beth , Jayasooriya Vidura , Nawarathna Dharmakeerthi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatment for specific cancers. CAR T-cells are manufactured ex vivo using T-cells derived from patients. Recent clinical trials reported a very high level of efficacy as well as complete remission rates (70%–93%) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. However, there have also been reports of significant adverse effects resulting from the contamination of T-cells derived from patients with existing cancer cells during manufacturing. The accidental transfection of cancer cells with CAR genes provides the cancer cells with immunity from CAR T-cells. As a result, genetically modified cancer cells that express the CAR molecules grow into secondary tumors. This significantly undermines the great benefits offered by CAR T-cell therapy. The removal of cancer cells before gene transfer using cell purification methods can address this issue. However, traditional cell purification methods such as fluorescence-activated cell separation and magnetic-activated cell separation have proven to be unsuitable for high-purity T-cell purification. To address this issue, we investigated the utility, in microfluidic channels, of dielectrophoretic cell purification, which is a label-free high-throughput cell purification method. When we conducted the experiments with primary T-cell (CD8+) samples contaminated with cultured acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, we found that dielectrophoresis could be used to purify cell samples and achieve 100% purity with high cell viability (greater than 90%).
Negativity artifacts in back-projection based photoacoustic tomography
Authors: Shen Kang , Liu Songde , Feng Ting , Yuan Jie , Zhu Benpeng , Tian Chao 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become a fast-evolving biomedical imaging modality in recent years. In PAT, image reconstruction is a critical step to produce high-quality photoacoustic images from raw photoacoustic signals. To date, algorithms based on back projection are the most widely used image reconstruction techniques due to their simplicity and computational efficiency. However, images reconstructed by back projection contain negative values, especially at the edge of photoacoustic sources, which have no physical meaning and are essentially undesired artifacts. In this work, we study the formation mechanism, fundamental causes and removal strategies of the negativity artifacts in back-projection-based PAT. Our results show that limited detector bandwidth and limited view angle are two fundamental causes of negativity artifacts. When the bandwidth of a detector is limited, back-projection signals will be distorted as a result of the loss of frequency contents and negativity artifacts thus appear. When the view angle of the detector is limited, photoacoustic signals propagating in three-dimensional space will be partially lost, resulting in negativity artifacts. Post-processing strategies, such as envelope detection and forced zeroing can be used to remove the negativity artifacts but may cause problems. Since negativity artifacts are a common image quality degradation factor in PAT, understanding their characteristics may expedite the development of novel artifact-removal techniques and artifact-free image reconstruction algorithms, which are of importance to correct image interpretation and quantitative imaging.
Characterization of silicon drift detectors with electrons for the TRISTAN project
Authors: Mertens S , Brunst T , Korzeczek M , Lebert M , Siegmann D , Alborini A , Altenmüller K , Biassoni M , Bombelli L , Carminati M , Descher M , Fink D , Fiorini C , Forstner C , Gugiatti M , Houdy T , Huber A , King P , Lebeda O , Lechner P , Pantuev V S , Parno D S , Pavan M , Pozzi S , Radford D C , Slezák M , Steidl M , Trigilio P , Urban K , Vénos D , Wolf J , Wüstling S , Yen Y-R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sterile neutrinos are a minimal extension of the standard model of particle physics. A promising model-independent way to search for sterile neutrinos is via high-precision β-spectroscopy. The Karlsruhe tritium neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, equipped with a novel multi-pixel silicon drift detector focal plane array and read-out system, named the TRISTAN detector, has the potential to supersede the sensitivity of previous laboratory-based searches. In this work we present the characterization of the first silicon drift detector prototypes with electrons and we investigate the impact of uncertainties of the detector’s response to electrons on the final sterile neutrino sensitivity.