bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admission deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity after intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zuo Jinzeng , Hu Yongcheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, location, and related factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the bilateral lower extremities after intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed on the elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture who were admitted from January 2017 to December 2019. At admission, patients receive routine ultrasound Doppler scanning of bilateral lower extremities to detect DVT; those with DVT were assigned to the case group and those without DVT to the control group. Patient data on demographics, comorbidities, injury-related data, and laboratory test results at admission were extracted. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the independent risk factors associated with DVT.

Results
Five hundred seventy-eight patients were included, among whom 116 (20.1%) had DVT. Among those with DV, 70.7% (82/116) had DVT of the distal type, 24 (29.6%) had DVT of the proximal type, and 10 (10.4%) had mixed DVT. In 76.7% (89/116) of patients, DVT occurred in the fractured extremity, 9.5% (11/116) in the bilateral and 13.8% (16/116) in the non-fractured extremity. Multivariate analyses identified obesity, delay to admission, increased D-dimer level (> 1.44 mg/L) and reduced albumin (< 31.7 g/L) as independent factors.

Conclusions
Admission incidence of DVT was high in elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures, especially the proximal DVT. Identification of associated risk factors is useful for individualized assessment risk of DVT and early targeted interventions.
The promising role of noncoding RNAs in cancer-associated fibroblasts: an overview of current status and future perspectives
Authors: Fang Zengli , Xu Jin , Zhang Bo , Wang Wei , Liu Jiang , Liang Chen , Hua Jie , Meng Qingcai , Yu Xianjun , Shi Si 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs the most important component of the stromal cell population in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are crucial players in tumor initiation and progression. The interaction between CAFs and tumor cells, as well as the resulting effect, is much greater than initially expected. Numerous studies have shown that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an irreplaceable role in this interplay, and related evidence continues to emerge and advance. Under the action of ncRNAs, normal fibroblasts are directly or indirectly activated into CAFs, and their metabolic characteristics are changed; thus, CAFs can more effectively promote tumor progression. Moreover, via ncRNAs, activated CAFs can affect the gene expression and secretory characteristics of cells, alter the TME and enhance malignant biological processes in tumor cells to contribute to tumor promotion. Previously, ncRNA dysregulation was considered the main mechanism by which ncRNAs participate in the crosstalk between CAFs and tumor cells. Recently, however, exosomes containing ncRNAs have been identified as another vital mode of interaction between these two types of cells, with a more direct and clear function. Gaining an in-depth understanding of ncRNAs in CAFs and the complex regulatory network connecting CAFs with tumor cells might help us to establish more effective and safer approaches for cancer therapies targeting ncRNAs and CAFs and offer new hope for cancer patients.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-934 induces macrophage M2 polarization to promote liver metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhao Senlin , Mi Yushuai , Guan Bingjie , Zheng Binbin , Wei Ping , Gu Yanzi , Zhang Zhengxiang , Cai Sanjun , Xu Ye , Li Xinxiang , He Xuefeng , Zhong Xinyang , Li Guichao , Chen Zhiyu , Li Dawei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Mounting evidence has demonstrated the vital importance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and exosomes in the formation of the premetastatic niche. However, the molecular mechanisms by which tumor-derived exosomal miRNAs interact with TAMs underlying premetastatic niche formation and colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) remain largely unknown.

Methods
Transmission electron microscopy and differential ultracentrifugation were used to verify the existence of exosomes. In vivo and in vitro assays were used to identify roles of exosomal miR-934. RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, etc. were applied to clarify the mechanism of exosomal miR-934 regulated the crosstalk between CRC cells and M2 macrophages.

Results
In the present study, we first demonstrated the aberrant overexpression of miR-934 in colorectal cancer (CRC), especially in CRLM, and its correlation with the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Then, we verified that CRC cell-derived exosomal miR-934 induced M2 macrophage polarization by downregulating PTEN expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, we revealed that hnRNPA2B1 mediated miR-934 packaging into exosomes of CRC cells and then transferred exosomal miR-934 into macrophages. Interestingly, polarized M2 macrophages could induce premetastatic niche formation and promote CRLM by secreting CXCL13, which activated a CXCL13/CXCR5/NFκB/p65/miR-934 positive feedback loop in CRC cells.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that tumor-derived exosomal miR-934 can promote CRLM by regulating the crosstalk between CRC cells and TAMs. These findings reveal a tumor and TAM interaction in the metastatic microenvironment mediated by tumor-derived exosomes that affects CRLM. The present study also provides a theoretical basis for secondary liver cancer.
Quadruple-negative breast cancer: novel implications for a new disease
Authors: Bhattarai Shristi , Saini Geetanjali , Gogineni Keerthi , Aneja Ritu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBased on the androgen receptor (AR) expression, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be subdivided into AR-positive TNBC and AR-negative TNBC, also known as quadruple-negative breast cancer (QNBC). QNBC characterization and treatment is fraught with many challenges. In QNBC, there is a greater paucity of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets than AR-positive TNBC. Although the prognostic role of AR in TNBC remains controversial, many studies revealed that a lack of AR expression confers a more aggressive disease course. Literature characterizing QNBC tumor biology and uncovering novel biomarkers for improved management of the disease remains scarce. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current QNBC landscape and propose avenues for future research, suggesting potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that warrant investigation.
Human adipose-derived stem cells enriched with VEGF-modified mRNA promote angiogenesis and long-term graft survival in a fat graft transplantation model
Authors: Yu Fei , Witman Nevin , Yan Dan , Zhang Siyi , Zhou Meng , Yan Yan , Yao Qinke , Ding Feixue , Yan Bingqian , Wang Huijing , Fu Wei , Lu Yang , Fu Yao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Fat grafting, as a standard treatment for numerous soft tissue defects, remains unpredictable and technique-dependent. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are promising candidates for cell-assisted therapy to improve graft survival. As free-living fat requires nutritional and respiratory sources to thrive, insufficient and unstable vascularization still impedes hADSC-assisted therapy. Recently, cytotherapy combined with modified mRNA (modRNA) encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been applied for the treatment of ischemia-related diseases. Herein, we hypothesized that VEGF modRNA (modVEGF)-engineered hADSCs could robustly enhance fat survival in a fat graft transplantation model.

Methods
hADSCs were acquired from lipoaspiration and transfected with modRNAs. Transfection efficiency and expression kinetics of modRNAs in hADSCs were first evaluated in vitro. Next, we applied an in vivo Matrigel plug assay to assess the viability and angiogenic potential of modVEGF-engineered hADSCs at 1 week post-implantation. Finally, modVEGF-engineered hADSCs were co-transplanted with human fat in a murine model to analyze the survival rate, re-vascularization, proliferation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and necrosis of fat grafts over long-term follow-up.

Results
Transfections of modVEGF in hADSCs were highly tolerable as the modVEGF-engineered hADSCs facilitated burst-like protein production of VEGF in both our in vitro and in vivo models. modVEGF-engineered hADSCs induced increased levels of cellular proliferation and proangiogenesis when compared to untreated hADSCs in both ex vivo and in vivo assays. In a fat graft transplantation model, we provided evidence that modVEGF-engineered hADSCs promote the optimal potency to preserve adipocytes, especially in the long-term post-transplantation phase. Detailed histological analysis of fat grafts harvested at 15, 30, and 90 days following in vivo grafting suggested the release of VEGF protein from modVEGF-engineered hADSCs significantly improved neo-angiogenesis, vascular maturity, and cell proliferation. The modVEGF-engineered hADSCs also significantly mitigated the presence of fibrosis, apoptosis, and necrosis of grafts when compared to the control groups. Moreover, modVEGF-engineered hADSCs promoted graft survival and cell differentiation abilities, which also induced an increase in vessel formation and the number of surviving adipocytes after transplantation.

Conclusion
This current study demonstrates the employment of modVEGF-engineered hADSCs as an advanced alternative to the clinical treatment involving soft-tissue reconstruction and rejuvenation.
Norm inequalities for submultiplicative functions involving contraction sector $2 \times 2$ block matrices
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we show unitarily invariant norm inequalities for sector $2\times 2$
2
×
2
block matrices which extend and refine some recent results of Bourahli, Hirzallah, and Kittaneh (Positivity, 2020, 10.1007/s11117-020-00770-w).
Modified differential transform method for solving linear and nonlinear pantograph type of differential and Volterra integro-differential equations with proportional delays
Authors: Moosavi Noori Seyyedeh Roodabeh , Taghizadeh Nasir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid technique for improving the differential transform method (DTM), namely the modified differential transform method (MDTM) expressed as a combination of the differential transform method, Laplace transforms, and the Padé approximant (LPDTM) is employed for the first time to ascertain exact solutions of linear and nonlinear pantograph type of differential and Volterra integro-differential equations (DEs and VIDEs) with proportional delays. The advantage of this method is its simple and trusty procedure, it solves the equations straightforward and directly without requiring large computational work, perturbations or linearization, and enlarges the domain of convergence, and leads to the exact solution. Also, to validate the reliability and efficiency of the method, some examples and numerical results are provided.
Improving agreement of ASA physical status class between pre-anesthesia screening and day of surgery by adding institutional-specific and ASA-approved examples: a quality improvement project
Authors: Abouleish Amr E. , Vinta Sandhya R. , Shabot Sarah M. , Patel Nikul V. , Hurwitz Erin E. , Krishnamurthy Partha , Simon Michelle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
A successful anesthesia pre-assessment clinic needs to identify patients who need further testing, evaluation, and optimization prior to the day of surgery to avoid delays and cancelations. Although the ASA Physical Status Classification system (ASA PS) has been used widely for over 50 years, it has poor interrater agreement when only using the definitions. In 2014, ASA-approved examples for each ASA physical status class (ASA PS). In this quality improvement study, we developed and evaluated the effectiveness of institutional-specific examples on interrater reliability between anesthesia pre-anesthesia clinic (APAC) and the day of surgery evaluation (DOS).

Methods
A multi-step, multi-year quality improvement project was performed. Step 1, pre-intervention, was a retrospective review to determine the percentage agreement of ASA PS assignment between APAC and DOS for adult and pediatric patients. Step 2 was a retrospective review of the step 1 cases where the ASA PS assignment differed to determine which medical conditions were valued differently and then develop institutional-specific examples for medical conditions not addressed by ASA-approved examples. Step 3 was to educate clinicians about the newly implemented examples and how they should be used as a guide. Step 4, post-intervention, was a retrospective review to determine if the examples improved agreement between APAC and DOS ASA PS assignments. Weighted Kappa coefficient was used to measure of interrater agreement excluding chance agreement.

Results
Having only ASA PS definitions available, APAC and DOS agreement was only 74% for adults (n = 737) and 63% for pediatric patients (n = 216). For adults, 20 medical co-morbidity categories and, for pediatric patients, 9 medical co-morbidity categories accounted for > 90% the differences in ASA PS. After development and implementation of institutional-specific examples with ASA-approved examples, the percentage agreement increased for adult patients (n = 795) to 91% and for pediatric patients (n = 239) to 84%. Weighted Kappa coefficients increased significantly for all patients (from 0.62 to 0.85, p < .0001), adult patients (from 0.62 to 0.86, p < .0001), and pediatric patients (from 0.48 to 0.78, p < .0001).

Conclusions
ASA-approved examples do not address all medical conditions that account for differences in the assignment of ASA PS between pre-anesthesia screening and day of anesthesia evaluation at our institution. The process of developing institutional-specific examples addressed the medical conditions that caused differences in assignment at one institution. The implementation of ASA PS examples improved consistency of assignment, and therefore communication of medical conditions of patients presenting for anesthesia care.
Characteristics of adolescent boys who have displayed harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) against children of younger or equal age
Authors: Jensen Monica , Smid Sanne C. , Bøe Tormod 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents who have displayed harmful sexual behaviour (HSB) are often described as a heterogeneous population, but different offender-, offense-, or victim-based typologies have been proposed. Two common typologies are based on the victim’s age and/or on offender–victim age discrepancies.MethodsUsing data from a Norwegian clinical sample, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of two subgroups of adolescents: those with younger/child victims (HSB-C) and peer victims (HSB-P). The sample was collected from a public child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic.N = 54 boys, mean age 14.1 (younger age: HSB-C,n = 30, equal age: HSB-P,n = 24). Based on patient records, all patient registries within the sample were reviewed retrospectively. The data were analysed in R with different statistical tests (e.g. N − 1 chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test).ResultsAfter adjusting thepvalues for multiple comparisons, none of the test statistics showed significant results. Based on the magnitude of the effect-size estimates, the following tendencies and potential meaningful differences emerged: more adolescents in the HSB-C group had experienced their own trauma early (V = 0.42), had more than one victim (V = 0.32), and had displayed repeated HSB (V = 0.27), and their caregivers required extensive interventions (V = 0.20). More adolescents in the HSB-P group had cognitive abilities in the normal/high range (V = 0.32), and their caregivers more often had difficulties acknowledging the need for support and treatment (V = 0.20).ConclusionsThe nonsignificant differences between the subgroups, despite some strong and moderate effects, bring about a discussion on the utility of using “victim age” in combination with the “offender–victim age differences” as the sole classification criterion for adolescents who have displayed HSB. The heterogeneity of the adolescent HSB population and lack of reliable information on more homogenous subgroups dynamics will remain challenges for clinicians and other practitioners needing a broad assessment and intervention focus.
New approaches to housing complexity: designing dwellings in the age of cognitive economy
Authors: Spanedda Francesco , Fusaro Matteo Carmine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpace is produced by a society in accordance with its habits, and habits, mostly in the Western society, have been heavily influenced by forms of production. Indeed, it is widely acknowledged that the Industrial Revolution definitely changed the space of modern landscapes, cities and dwellings life at all scales, and the way in which we perceive them. Cognitive capitalism is no exception. Since it fully established itself as one of the prevailing economic forces in the 21st century and in the Western world, it produced deep changes in the way in which people work, connect, and live. Starting from the assumption that changes in means of production generate new social relationships, this paper investigates how these changes might result in new ways of building architectural space. Without indulging in a deterministic attitude, it focuses on housing as one of the fundamental artefacts where a society expresses its approach to space. The house is a basic element of complex urban systems and is, therefore, the one calling for a more radical conceptual rethinking, marking an effective distance with the forms inherited from the previous centuries. Finally, the paper aims at understanding the repercussions of the digital paradigm on the space of dwelling, reasoning on some crucial questions to understand how housing might evolve, unfolding through its spatial configuration the new ways of life of the digital society.
Size effect characteristics of structural surfaces by improved projective covering method
Authors: Chen S. J. , Chang J. P. , Liu X. G. , Li Z. H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccurate characteristic of structural surfaces roughness at the relevant scale is very important to understand mechanical properties of rock mass discontinuities. So, a systematic investigation has been carried out to understand the effect of scale on the structural surface roughness by fractal dimension method. Firstly, considering the shortcoming of the projective covering method (PCM), we improved this method based on stochastic approach. Secondly, to investigate the size effect of the structural surface roughness, we selected six sampling windows, respectively, from the central and four corners part of structural planes (2 m × 2 m). The sampling windows range from 62.5 mm × 62.5 mm to 2000 mm × 2000 mm. And then, we calculated fractal parameters of the different size surfaces using improved projective covering method (IPCM) at the same resolution. Thirdly, we discussed a new method of determining reasonable size of structural surfaces by the parameter $$\Delta D_{\max }^{SD}$$

Δ

D

max

SD

. This parameter is difference of the maximum fractal dimension of the same size structural surface in different regions. The results show that: (1) The size effect of structure surfaces is different with different morphological surface. Generally, as the size increases, the roughness of structure surfaces increases and then decreases. There is positive size effect in small scale and negative size effect in large scale. (2) For a given structural surface, when the same size surfaces are selected from different locations of the structural planes, and the size effect characteristics are also different. (3) As the size of structure surfaces increases, the parameter $$\Delta D_{\max }^{SD}$$

Δ

D

max

SD

gradually decreases and tends to almost constant. The result of this study is a useful supplement to the comprehensive understanding of the size effect of structural surfaces roughness.
Food habits in pregnancy and its association with gestational diabetes mellitus: results from a prospective cohort study in public hospitals of urban India
Authors: Deepa R. , Lewis Melissa Glenda , Van Schayck Onno C. P. , Babu Giridhara R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Few studies have explored the relationship between food habits and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women from India. We aimed to investigate the associations of food habits and the risk of GDM.

Methods
As part of the MAASTHI prospective cohort study in urban Bengaluru, India, pregnant women between 18 and 45 years, less than 36 weeks of gestation were included. During baseline, the participant’s age, education, physical activity levels, and food habits were recorded. Screening of GDM was done by the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria using a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between the 24th–36th weeks of gestation.

Results
We included 1777 pregnant women in the study. We show that 17.6% of the women had GDM, of which 76.7% consume red meat. Red meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of GDM (aRR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.5, 2.9) after adjusting for age, family history of diabetes and socioeconomic status.

Conclusion
The high intake of red meat consumption in pregnancy needs further examination. Also, future evaluations should consider evaluating the risk of red meat consumption against the combined effect of inadequate consumption of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products in pregnant women. Interventions to educate women in lower socioeconomic status on inexpensive, seasonal, and healthy food might be helpful.