bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Resilience in Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health
Authors: Szymanski Dawn M. , Gonzalez Kirsten A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) persons are able to persevere and flourish despite pervasive social stigma and minority stress based on their sexual orientation and gender identity. This chapter reviews the research on LGBTQ resilience that can occur at individual, interpersonal/family, community, and contextual/structural levels. The authors describe qualitative research that has examined pathways to resilience and positive LGBTQ identity. The authors also review quantitative research on LGBTQ resilience via mediator, moderator, and moderated mediation models. Variables are described that have been found to explain or buffer the links between external and internalized minority stressors and mental health outcomes. The authors review the small but growing body of research that has begun to examine the efficacy of therapeutic interventions aimed at promoting LGBTQ resilience. Limitations are discussed and directions for future research are suggested.
Epilogue: Challenges in Research Methods and Future Directions on Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health Research
Authors: Frost David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter is focused on the challenges that face researchers who are investigating the mental health of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. The chapter provides an overview of predominant frameworks and theories guiding research on the mental health of SGM individuals in order to highlight the methodological challenges that stem from these guiding frameworks and theories. Although there are challenges specific to certain subgroups within the broader SGM population, this chapter focuses on common challenges that are widely applicable within the field. The author concludes with suggestions for future research that aims to improve the field’s ability to understand and address mental health disparities continuing to face diverse SGM populations.
Over Depression and Mood Disorders among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations
Authors: Chodzen Gia , Mays Vickie M. , Cochran Susan D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSexual and gender minority (SGM) adults have rates of depressive disorders that are higher than those of cisgender or heterosexual adults. These differences are likely due to the ways that SGMs are treated both on an individual and population basis. This chapter begins by discussing evolving conceptualizations of depressive disorders among SGMs with a focus on the dimensionality in symptomatology. Insights are provided into the ways that differences in risk for depressive disorders occur in SGMs by subpopulations with a focus on gender, developmental stages, and geographic context. The authors discuss social risks, examining the ways in which stigma, discrimination, and early life adversity can contribute to depressive disorders in SGMs. This provides a basis for researchers and clinicians to explore and include structural and societal change in addressing mental health disorders in SGMs. The authors also discuss the comorbidity of depressive disorders with several chronic health conditions with particular regard to the health inequities that some subpopulations of SGMs face. Adopting an intersectional approach is useful in studying depressive disorders among SGMs, and the authors suggest pairing this approach with the National Institute of Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Future directions are suggested to researchers and clinicians to reduce risks of depressive distress in SGM subpopulations.
Organizational Career Development Theory: Weaving Individuals, Organizations, and Social Structures
Authors: Davey Kate Mackenzie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Organizational career development theory highlights three different perspectives on career. First, and most commonly, organizations are seen as the context that constrains and enables individual careers. Second, careers may be valued as enhancing or limiting organizational performance and subject to talent management practices. Third, careers can be conceptualized as an ongoing process of interaction between individuals, organizations, and the broader social context. The move from a focus on organizational careers to self-driven, boundaryless careers in the 1990s overemphasized individual choice and individual responsibility. These ideas became the accepted rule, leading to a divided workforce, with real choice available only to some categories of workers. The psychological contract between individual and organization was largely undermined and the role of the organization and the importance of contextual and structural factors were relatively neglected. To move forward, this opposition between organization structure and individual agency is best avoided. The future of organizational career development theory requires an understanding of both the individual and social context, and their interaction over time. The universality of concepts of career can be questioned. Abandoning attempts to find a single, dominating career theory allows us to recognize the richness of diverse perspectives.
The Narrative Turn in Career Development Theories: An Integrative Perspective
Authors: Rossier Jérôme , Cardoso Paulo Miguel , Duarte Maria Eduarda 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During the past 70 years, diverse vocational theories have focused on various important topics such as career choice processes or person–organization fit and adaptation to describe people’s career development. More recently, narrative approaches have been proposed by several authors inspired by dialogical self theory or the life story model of identity in career counselling interventions. This narrative turn encourages career interventions to focus more on the meaning experiences, the reflexive processes involved, and the contextual aspects of career paths, such as the life design interventions. Narrative identity facilitates understanding these dynamics once it is conceived as a meta-capacity, allowing people to self-direct and design their actions within these continuous interrelations. Narrative identity is built on a dialogical relationship, allowing individuals to situate themselves in social space and strengthen subjectivity, reflexivity, and intentionality. Considering the narrative processes for intervention research will permit examination in greater detail of the processes underlying change. This chapter thus discusses how narrative career development theories, such as the career construction theory or the life-long self-construction theory, can complement existing approaches and constitute an integrative and articulated framework if they take account of previously acquired knowledge.
Numerical Simulation of Flight and Impact of Wind-borne Debris
Authors: Nomura Takashi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Numerical methods to simulate flight and impact of windborne debris are described. The problems are treated as fluid–structure interaction problems based on the ALE finite element flow analysis in order to deal with arbitrary shape of flying objects as well as dynamical change of aerodynamic forces. For the flight simulation, the computational domain travels with the flying object because usually the fight distance is much longer than the size of the debris. For the numerical impact process, the magnitude of the impact force is determined by iteration so that the velocity of the sphere after impact converges to zero. Furthermore, in order to suppress unphysical step-by-step pressure oscillation, the time step at the impact is subdivided into a set of multiple short time steps with a smooth impact force function. Several numerical examples of a rigid sphere show satisfactory features of these methods.
Measuring the Engineering-Relevant Aspects of Non-Synoptic Wind Hazards
Authors: Schroeder John L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article reviews the techniques and approaches historically employed to measure non-synoptic wind storms. While most of these efforts have originated from the atmospheric science community, the focus of this article relates to meeting the requirements of the engineering community. While the recognition of the importance of these non-synoptic wind system events is increasing, their engineering-relevant characteristics are still largely unknown. While gaps in knowledge concerning the engineering-relevant aspects of non-synoptic wind systems are plentiful, focused application of high-resolution research instrumentation offers hope to remove many of these unknowns. Future engineering-oriented measurement campaigns will likely make use of both traditional anemometry and remote sensing technologies to document the characteristics of non-synoptic wind systems.
Educating the Nation’s Youth
Authors: Albarrán Elena Jackson 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
From the Porfirian period through the revolutionary decades, Mexican educational institutions implemented the waves of Liberal pedagogical trends that sought to universalize education in order to ensure a healthy, productive citizenry. Ideologies informing educational practice, resulting in sometimes-idealistic or utopian experiments designed to accelerate the intended outcomes. While Porfirian educators privileged written texts and institutional spaces as fundamental civilizing tools, educational experts in the revolutionary period drew from the realities of the proletariat to anchor their experiential-based curriculum, though within limits, and with a clear goal of assimilating the indigenous periphery into the cultural nationalist program.
Patient Autonomy, Capacity, and Consent
Authors: Berg Jessica , Cave Emma 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses patient autonomy, capacity, and consent involving children. It first provides a general overview of children’s rights with respect to making medical decisions in both the United States and Europe. The chapter then discusses the best interests standard (which is usually applied in cases of minors) and how to consider capacity in the context of children. In the discussions of European approaches, the chapter covers relevant international and regional human rights law. The jurisdiction of England and Wales are used as examples. The chapter also provides a general overview of US state approaches and federal law. The chapter concludes by noting some new areas of medical decision-making which challenge the traditional models.
Land and Reparation Politics and Policy after Apartheid
Authors: Thipe Thuto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Two successive 2018 court judgments guaranteed people living in the parts of South Africa demarcated as communal areas the right to refuse to allow mining on their land. As debates around land restitution and redistribution gripped the country, these cases shone a light on land tenure security in people’s struggles to remain on their ancestral land in the face of continued dispossession after 1994. This article argues that in preserving core elements of the colonially created tribal administration system in the democratic landscape, the state has retained the structures and the imaginative framework that allow particular people to be treated as “natives” who can be moved and stripped of foundational rights, as tribal institutions were designed to do. The Maledu and Baleni cases are illustrative of struggles across the country in which people in communal areas are demanding full recognition and exercise of their rights as citizens.
Migration, Borders and Identity in the Latin American Context
Authors: Velasco Ortiz Laura 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In concert with more localized analyses of border regions, the Border Studies field has contributed to our understanding of how mobility affects identity. The distinction between cultural and identification boundaries has proved relevant for analyzing the identity processes that arise in border interactions typically marked by ambiguity and contradiction. However, the current migratory context is defined by dehumanizing social and political inequalities. This poses a conceptual challenge to understanding the subjectivities produced by the current policies of border control that dehumanize the immigrant and mobile person. This chapter reflects on the conceptual and empirical relationship between migration, borders, and identity in a current climate characterized by global connections and nation-states’ increasing border control over human mobility. It also analyzes the symbolic dimension of state border control and its consequences for constituting identities.
Homicides in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Concha-Eastman Alberto , Muñoz Edgar , Rennó-Santos Mateus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Despite improvements in the socioeconomic conditions of Latin American, the homicide rates in the region have not declined as expected. Data from World Health Organization and the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime show that this region has the highest homicide rate in the world. This analysis describes the regional homicide trends, explores how these trends compare to other countries and regions of the world, and identifies country-level predictors of homicide. Seven indicators were analyzed: population aged 15–29, Gini Index, Criminal Justice Index, unemployment, GDP, mean of schooling, and infant mortality. The lack of a clear rule of law is perhaps the greatest driver of homicides and of other types of violent crimes. Recognizing the potential for extraordinary profits and perceiving their low risk of being captured and punished, criminals have an increased motivation to engage in illegal activities.
Gut Hormones and Neuropeptides as Mediators of Microbiome–Brain Communication
Authors: Holzer Peter , Farzi Aitak 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The gut microbiota interacts with the brain through multiple communication lines in which gut peptide hormones and neuropeptides play important messenger roles. These peptides are secondary chemical signals whose operation is controlled by the gut microbiota via a myriad of microbial metabolites, secondary bile acids, and structural components. We first outline a number of gut hormones (e.g., peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide, ghrelin, cholecystokinin) which communicate with the brain either via the circulation or via vagal afferent neurons. Several neuropeptides in the brain are likewise under the influence of gut microbes and mediate their impact on various aspects of brain function and behavior. These neuropeptides include neuropeptide Y, corticotropin-releasing factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and several other peptides which act as neurotransmitters or trophic factors. Food intake, energy homeostasis, emotional-affective behavior, cognitive performance, stress resilience, and neurogenesis are among the processes which the gut microbiota regulates via the action of gut hormones and neuropeptides.
The Gut Microbiome in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Euers Lindsay A. , Quigley Eamonn M. M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For some time, the concept of the gut-brain axis has served as a useful paradigm to explain the many interactions between the “big brain” (the central nervous system [CNS]) and the “little brain” (the enteric nervous system). Recently, the gut microbiome has been added to the equation and the proposition that gut microbes could influence brain structure and function and vice versa has emerged. Research in this field has been facilitated by dramatic progress in technologies that permit the delineation of the microbial constituents of the gut and their function in health and disease. Studies in a variety of animal models have amply supported the concept of a microbiota-gut-brain-axis and demonstrated that interventions that modulate the microbiome can influence animal behavior and CNS physiology. Understandably, studies of the impact of the microbiome on human brain structure and function are less numerous, but sufficient evidence does exist to indicate that this axis is operating in humans. In terms of neurodegenerative disorders, here again animal data dominate, but a sufficient body of evidence has accumulated to justify further explorations of the role of gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as in the aging process per se—“inflammaging.” Many confounding factors complicate the interpretation of human studies of the microbiome, and large, longitudinal studies that attempt to account for such confounders are needed. A number of interventions can be entertained—most notably, diet, probiotics, and prebiotics. To date, studies of any such interventions in neurodegenerative disease in humans are scanty.
Gut Microbiome and Depression
Authors: Winter Gal , Hart Robert A. , Charlesworth Richard P. G. , Sharpley Christopher 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Gut microbial diversity has been strongly associated with mood-related behaviors, including major depressive disorder (MDD), with an emerging potential to revolutionize both the diagnosis and treatment of depression. This article reviews the communication systems between the gut and the brain and the association between gut inflammatory conditions and depression. It further reviews the role of the gut microbiota in the treatment of depression, from pharmacological treatment to the use of probiotics and dietary treatments.
Analgesic Effect of Intrathecal Fentanyl vs Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine Following Abdominal Surgery for Cancer in Children, a Randomized Trial
Authors: Fares Khaled Mohamed , Mohamed Sahar Abdel-Baky , Abd El-Rahman Ahmad Mohammad , AbdeLemam Rania Mohammed , Osman Amira Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntrathecal fentanyl in spinal anesthesia improves intra- and postoperative analgesia. Dexmedetomidine is a fascinating adjuvant with regards to neuraxial anesthesia in children experiencing surgery for abdominal malignancy.Patients and MethodsAfter endorsement by the institutional reviewing board (IRB) and guardians’ written informed consent, this research was carried out on 60 pediatric malignancy patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery. Children were randomly distributed into three groups (20 patients each): Group C: given 2 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% (0.4 mg/kg) intrathecally, injected gradually over 20 seconds. Group F: the same as group C, plus fentanyl 0.2 μg/kg. Group D: the same as group C, plus dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg/kg. Pain at zero, two, four, six, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively was evaluated by Face, Legs, Activity, Crying, and Consolability (FLACC) score. First analgesic request and postoperative unfavorable effects were recorded for 24 hours postoperatively.ResultsA significant decrease was recognized in the mean FLACC score in groups D and F at six, eight, and 12 hours postoperatively, in contrast to group C (P ≤ 0.05). First analgesic request was significantly prolonged in group D (7.67 ± 0.57 hours), in contrast to groups F and C (5.40 ± 1.09 hours and 4.23 ± 3.27 hours, respectively, P &lt; 0.04). Paracetamol utilization was significantly decreased in group D (316.67 ± 28.86 mg), in contrast to group C (391.00 ± 52.00 mg, P &lt; 0.03), without a significant difference between group F (354.44 ± 46.67 mg) and groups D and C (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsAdding dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine improved postoperative analgesia following abdominal surgery for cancer in children, with better overall analgesia of dexmedetomidine compared with fentanyl.
Effectiveness of Multimodal Pain Therapy on Reducing Opioid Use in Surgical Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Girardot Kellie , Hollister Lisa , Zhu Thein Hlaing , Hoeppner Sarah , Opoku Dazar , Heisler Jason , Bane Tabitha 
Published: July 2020

Background:
There is a need for appropriate pain control in the geriatric hip fracture population to prevent diminished function, increased mortality, and opioid dependence. Multimodal pain therapy is one method for reducing pain postoperatively while also decreasing opioid use in the geriatric hip fracture patient. This study aimed to determine whether multimodal pain therapy could decrease opioid use without increasing pain scores in surgical geriatric hip fracture patients.

Methods:
This was a before-and-after cohort study. The hospital implemented multimodal pain control order sets with a standardized pain regimen and performed retrospective chart review pre- and postorder set implementation for analysis.

Results:
A total of 248 patients were enrolled in the study: 131 in the preorder set group and 117 in the postorder set group. The mean postoperative oral morphine equivalent (OME) was significantly lower in the postorder set group than in the preorder set group (45.1 mg vs. 63.4 mg, respectively, p = .03). Compared with the preorder set group, total OME and postoperative OME were decreased by 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] −44.9, −3.8), 1-tailed p < .01, and 53.6% (95% CI −103.4, −16.1), 1-tailed p <.01 respectively, in the postorder set group. There was not a statistically significant difference in mean pain scores at 6, 24, and 48 hr postoperatively (p = .53, .10, and .99), respectively.

Conclusion:
Implementing a multimodal approach to pain management may help reduce opioid use and may be a critical maneuver in averting the national opioid epidemic.
Risk factors for pneumonia caused by antimicrobial drug-resistant or drug-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii infections
Authors: Wu Feng , Hu Renjing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) is one of the major types of infection in hospitalized patients. The development of AB resistance is becoming a global clinical challenge. To assist in the clinical management of AB-induced pneumonia, we designed the present retrospective observational study to investigate the risk factors for antimicrobial drug-resistant/-sensitive AB infections.
A total of 214 individuals were reviewed, in which 100 and 55 pneumonia patients were infected with drug-resistant and drug-sensitive AB, respectively. Fifty-nine pneumonia patients without AB infection served as a control group. Age, sex, duration of hospital stay, prior surgery history, the presence of coinfection and companion diseases, routine blood test results, and immunogenicity were recorded. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors of AB infections.
Multivariate analysis revealed that long duration of hospital stay (odds ratio = 1.091 [95% CI: 1.010–1.178], P = .027) and the absence of coinfection (odds ratio = 0.507 [95% CI: 0.265–0.970], P = .040) were independent risk factors for AB infections. Same pattern of risk factors was identified for the drug-sensitive group (long duration of hospital stay: odds ratio = 1.119 [95% CI: 1.016–1.232], P = .022; absence of coinfection: odds ratio = 0.328 [95% CI: 0.135–0.797], P = .014), while high blood urea nitrogen (odds ratio: 1.382 [95% CI: 1.042–1.833], P = .025) was the only significant risk factor for drug-resistant AB infection.
Long duration of hospital stay and the absence of coinfection might predict AB infections in hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial drug-resistant and drug-sensitive AB infections possess different risk factor profiles. A poor kidney function may be predictive of drug-resistant AB infection. Further prospective studies are required to validate our findings.