bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal bipolar radiofrequency ablation for localized prostate cancer: Safety and feasibility
Authors: Aydin Ahmet Murat , Gage Kenneth , Dhillon Jasreman , Cheriyan Salim K , Poch Michael A , Manley Brandon J , Li Roger , Sexton Wade J , Spiess Philippe E , Gilbert Scott M , Pow‐Sang Julio M 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and feasibility of focal bipolar radiofrequency ablation in men with localized prostate cancer.MethodsA review of 10 patients treated with a novel bipolar radiofrequency ablation probe integrated in a coil design (Encage; Trod Medical, Bradenton, FL, USA) between 2011 and 2017 in two prospective pilot trials. All men had clinical stage T1c prostate cancer, prostate‐specific antigen <10 ng/mL and Gleason score ≤7. Ablation was carried out under general anesthesia, and bipolar probes were inserted transperineally under transrectal ultrasound guidance. Treatment‐related adverse events, quality of life and negative biopsy rate were evaluated at 6 months after ablation. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare baseline and post‐treatment symptom scores.ResultsThe median age was 58 years (range 50–64 years) and the median prostate volume was 49.65 cc (range 21–68 cc). Prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6 (3 + 3) and 7 (3 + 4) was noted in seven and three patients, respectively. The median number of radiofrequency ablation cycles was 2.5 (range 2–5). All patients were catheter‐free and able to void the day of surgery. Within 6 months after ablation, all adverse events were low grade, with the exception of one grade 3 hematuria that required cystoscopy without coagulation. Six months after ablation bowel, urinary and hormonal functions, and overall satisfaction remained stable. Erectile dysfunction occurred in two out of four patients who had normal sexual function before the procedure. Neither urinary incontinence nor urinary infection was noted.ConclusionsThis first report on focal bipolar radiofrequency ablation documents a safe and feasible treatment option for selected patients with localized prostate cancer.
Utilisation of the Australian government initiative MyHealth Record to support the clinical approach to factitious disorder
Authors: Alchin David R. , Overton Kristen , George Duncan , Murphy Michael , Wand Anne P. F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, the Australian Digital Health Agency launched MyHealth Record to the public. As of July 2019, 90.1% of Australians hold records with this service, allowing 16 400 health organisations access to >28 million clinical documents. The streamlining of patient data was intended to facilitate sharing of information and improve communication between medical providers, while promoting efficiency in clinical practice. We have identified a hitherto unrecognised application of this infrastructure in the identification and management of factitious disorder, a rare yet highly diagnostically challenging condition involving intentional feigning of illness, which presents a significant resource burden to the Australian health system.
Nivolumab‐associated myositis myocarditis and myasthenia and anti‐striated muscle antibodies
Authors: Fazal Marium , Prentice David A. , Kho Lay K. , Fysh Edward 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn 82‐year‐old man was treated with neo‐adjuvant nivolumab (programmed cell death protein 1 or PD‐1 inhibitor) for local recurrence of melanoma developed myositis, myocarditis and a myasthenic‐like syndrome with a fatal outcome. The occurrence of these three conditions may constitute a new immune checkpoint‐induced syndrome. The relevance of the clinical features and the immunology is discussed. This case highlights the special role of anti‐striated muscle antibodies as a predictor of mortality.
Heterospecific mating interactions as an interface between ecology and evolution
Authors: Kyogoku Daisuke , Wheatcroft David 
Published: August 2020

AbstractReproductive interference (costly interspecific sexual interactions) is well‐understood to promote divergence in mating‐relevant traits (i.e. reproductive character displacement: RCD), but it can also reduce population growth, eventually leading to local extinction of one of the species. The ecological and evolutionary processes driven by reproductive interference can interact with each other. These interactions are likely to influence whether the outcome is coexistence or extinction, but remain little studied. In this paper, we first develop an eco‐evolutionary perspective on reproductive interference by integrating ecological and evolutionary processes in a common framework. We also present a simple model to demonstrate the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of reproductive interference. We then identify a number of factors that are likely to influence the relative likelihoods of extinction or RCD. We discuss particularly relevant factors by classifying them into four categories: the nature of the traits responding to selection, the mechanisms determining the expression of these traits, mechanisms of reproductive interference and the ecological background. We highlight previously underappreciated ways in which these factors may influence the relative likelihoods of RCD and local extinction. By doing so, we also identify questions and future directions that will increase our holistic understanding of the outcomes of reproductive interference.
Description and Morphogenesis of a Chinese Population of Bakuella granulifera Foissner, Agatha and Berger, 2002 (Ciliophora, Hypotricha)
Authors: Chen Lingyun , Lyu Jing , Lyu Zhao , Warren Alan , Jiang Jiamei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the morphology and morphogenesis of Bakuella granulifera Foissner, Agatha, and Berger, 2002, isolated from soil in the Chanba National Wetland Park, Xi’an, China, were studied based on in vivo observations and protargol staining. The Chinese population is distinctly smaller than the type population from Namibia. Details of the ontogenetic process are provided for the first time and are summarized as follows: (1) the parental adoral zone is partly retained; (2) the left of the endoral forms a rather wide anlage and the proximal adoral membranelles are renewed; (3) the parental midventral complex contributes to the formation of the FVT cirral anlagen; (4) the marginal rows anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen develop intrakinetally; (5) no caudal cirri are produced; and (6) the macronuclear nodules fuse to a single mass. In combination with previous studies, these findings suggest that the genus Bakuella is ontogenetically diverse.
Effects of reducing dietary crude protein concentration and supplementation with laminarin or zinc oxide on the faecal scores and colonic microbiota in newly weaned pigs
Authors: Rattigan Ruth , Sweeney Torres , Vigors Stafford , Rajauria Gaurav , O'Doherty John V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 2 × 3 factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) concentration and/or supplementation with zinc oxide (ZnO) or laminarin on faecal scores (FS) and the large intestinal microbiota post‐weaning (PW). One hundred and forty‐four pigs were assigned to (T1) 21% standard CP diet (SCP); (T2) SCP + ZnO (SCP ZnO); (T3) SCP + laminarin (SCP LAM); (T4) 18% low CP diet (LCP); (T5) LCP + ZnO (LCP ZnO); and (T6) LCP + laminarin (LCP LAM; n = 8 replicates/treatment). The LCP diet had no effect on FS (p > .05), it increased two measures of alpha diversity, reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Enterobacteriaceae and Helicobacteraceae in the colon relative to the SCP diet (p < .05). ZnO supplementation reduced FS and increased Ruminococcaceae compared with unsupplemented pigs (p < .05). ZnO supplementation increased the genera Frisingicoccus (p < .001), Lachnoclostridium (p < .05) and Peptoclostridium (p < .05) in the colon and reduced total caecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations compared with the unsupplemented and laminarin‐supplemented pigs. Laminarin supplementation reduced FS compared with unsupplemented pigs but had no major effect on the microbiota compared with the unsupplemented pigs. There were CP concentration × additive interactions on both Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Firmicutes were increased in the LCP ZnO group compared with the LCP group, but there was no difference between the SCP groups. Proteobacteria were reduced in the LCP ZnO group compared with the LCP and LCP LAM groups (p < .05), but there was no difference between the SCP groups. In conclusion, reducing CP did not improve FS; it increased the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae; however, it also increased bacterial diversity. Supplementation with ZnO and laminarin improved FS, although all groups had scores within the healthy range. ZnO altered the large intestinal microbiota and VFA concentrations; however, laminarin did not enhance these parameters, suggesting these compounds have differing modes of action.
Childhood adaptation: Perception of the parenting style and the anxious‐depressive symptomatology
Authors: Schoeps Konstanze , Valero‐Moreno Selene , Perona Ana B. , Pérez‐Marín Marián , Montoya‐Castilla Inmaculada 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesChildhood adaptation is essential for proper social‐emotional development. Children growing up in a family context where they feel supported and protected are less vulnerable in the presence of psychopathology. The aim of this study is analysing the impact of parenting styles and the anxious‐depressive symptoms on child adaptation.Design and SettingA total of 367 children between the ages of 10 and 12, following a similar distribution by sex. The children completed self‐reports assessing parenting styles, child adaptation, and depressive‐anxiety symptomatology.MethodsThe data were analysed using two complementary methodologies: linear regressions and fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).ResultsBoth methodologies indicated that the main predictors explaining child adaptation were depression and an authoritative parenting style. The fsQCA models explained a greater amount of variance and included more variables in their prediction than the regression models.ConclusionIdentifying family and emotional aspects when working with children may help professionals to improve childhood adaptation. Consequently, well‐adapted children are less likely to suffer the negative consequences of emotional symptoms in later evolutionary stages.
Internal morphological changes during metamorphosis in the sheep nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis
Authors: Martín‐Vega D. , Clark B. , Ferrer L. M. , López‐Tamayo S. , Colwell D. D. , Hall M. J. R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring the larval stage, oestrid flies (Diptera: Oestridae) are obligate parasites, whereas during the adult stage they are free‐living and do not feed. Like other cyclorrhaphous flies, oestrids undergo metamorphosis inside an opaque puparium, formed by the contracted and hardened cuticle of the third‐instar larva. The present study documents the internal morphological changes taking place during metamorphosis of the sheep nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis L., using non‐invasive, micro‐CT‐based virtual histology and provides quantitative data of volumetric changes in specific organs. Virtual histological sections allowed visualisation of the progression and completion of the apolyses, which delimit the different intra‐puparial stages, and the connection to the tracheal system of a large gas bubble, which plays an essential role during early metamorphosis. Overall, our results show that the sequence of morphological and volumetric changes in tissues and organs is similar to those found in other cyclorrhaphous flies, but they also reveal developmental differences that result in an adult vestigial digestive tract. Future studies could develop non‐invasive, reliable methods for aging the intra‐puparial forms of different oestrid species of veterinary importance, based on both qualitative and quantitative markers, thus improving our knowledge of their development and the efficiency of control strategies.
Effect of Feru‐guard 100M on amyloid‐beta deposition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Matsuyama Kenichi , Yamamoto Yasuji , Sora Ichiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimMany researchers argue that Alzheimer's disease is at least partly caused by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. Ferulic acid (FA) and Angelica archangelica (AA) are candidate agents for reducing Aβ and improving cognitive function. Feru‐guard 100M is a supplement containing FA and AA extract. Using this supplement, we planned to assess the effect of FA and AA on Aβ deposition in the human brain.MethodsThis was an open‐label, interventional multi‐institutional joint study of Kobe University and the Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation (Kobe, Japan). Seventeen subjects diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment were divided into two groups: the intervention group (n = 10) and the control group (n = 7). The subjects in the intervention group used Feru‐guard 100M every day for 48 weeks, whereas the subjects in the control group did not use the supplement. We assessed the differences between the two groups by examining Aβ deposition and brain atrophy at 48 weeks and cognitive function every 24 weeks. We used carbon‐11‐labelled Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positron emission tomography to evaluate Aβ deposition.ResultsThere were no significant differences in Aβ deposition, brain atrophy, and cognitive function between the two groups. Specifically, differences in Aβ deposition change in seven regions of interest examined with PiB positron emission tomography, brain atrophy change in four indicators of voxel‐based morphometry, and cognitive impairment measured by five psychological tests were not significantly between the two groups.ConclusionTreatment with Feru‐guard 100M, a supplement containing FA and AA extract, for 48 weeks did not reduce cortical PiB retention, which reflects Aβ deposition. It also did not suppress the aggravation of brain atrophy or decline in cognitive function.
Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF‐mediated signalling
Authors: Zhang Juzuo , Xue Liqun , Nie Ang , Yang Qing , Peng Xuan , Chen Zhilong , Yang Lisha , Xie Yang , Yuan Anwen , Xu Junfei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNon‐infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S‐phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF‐mediated signalling.
Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention Based on Type D Personality in Overweight and Obese Middle‐Aged Women: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Kim Sung Reul , Nho Ju‐Hee , Kim Ji Young , Hur Joon 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity is an important public health problem, particularly among middle‐aged women. Type D personality, characterized by negative affectivity and social inhibition, is prevalent among obese and overweight middle‐aged women and has been linked to maladaptive health‐related behaviors and unhealthy lifestyle. Lifestyle interventions based on type D personality could be a first step in combatting obesity in middle‐aged women.AimTo identify the effects of a lifestyle intervention based on type D personality on health‐promoting lifestyle behaviors, psychological distress, type D personality, and body composition in overweight and obese middle‐aged women.MethodsA total of 36 overweight and obese middle‐aged women participated in a quasi‐experimental design using a non‐equivalent control group pretest‐posttest. The experimental group received a total of eight sessions of a lifestyle intervention program based on type D personality over the course of four weeks. Outcomes were measured health‐promoting lifestyle behaviors, psychological distress, type D personality, and body composition (body weight, body mass index, body fat, and abdominal fat).ResultsFollowing the intervention, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group for health‐promoting lifestyle behaviors, and significantly lower than the control group for psychological distress and type D personality. Body weight and body mass index decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group.Linking Evidence to ActionFurther research on various intervention programs for overweight and obese middle‐aged women is warranted, including lifestyle interventions based on type D personality.
Experimental Investigation on Heating Performance of Newly Designed Air Source Heat Pump System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Li Kang , Yu Jun , Yu Rong , Su Lin , Fang Yidong , Yang Zhongcheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Utilizing the heat from air source with heat pump system in electric vehicles shows a significant advantage from thermoelectric heat source for heat supply in cold climate. It could improve the driving range of electric vehicles considerably in winter and replace the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater with an acceptable cost and reliability. In this work, a newly designed heat pump system was first introduced with less components and cost. Second, experiments were conducted to investigate its cooling performance, and subsequent heating performance from −10 to 10 °C. The typical heat transfer and flow characteristics of refrigerant were recorded, and the behavior of each component including compressor, evaporator, condenser, and outside heat exchanger were analyzed and interpreted. The results showed that the heating and cooling performance of the new heat pump system could almost remain the same with traditional air-conditioning system in automobile and surely satisfy with the heat requirement of electric vehicles. In the heating mode, the maximum heating capacity increases by 13% at 400 m3/h air volume from 300 m3/h at the ambient temperature −10 °C, while the outlet air temperature decreases by 4–6%. In addition, using a heat pump system showed an increase in the driving range of electric vehicles by 25–31% as compared to PTC heaters.
Lymphatic Valves Separate Lymph Flow Into a Central Stream and a Slow-Moving Peri-Valvular Milieu
Authors: Pujari Akshay , Smith Alexander F. , Hall Joshua D. , Mei Patrick , Chau Kin , Nguyen Duy T. , Sweet Daniel T. , Jiménez Juan M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe lymphatic system plays a pivotal role in the transport of fats, waste, and immune cells, while also serving as a metastatic route for select cancers. Using live imaging and particle tracking, we experimentally characterized the lymph flow field distal from the inguinal lymph node in the vicinity of normal bileaflet and malformed unileaflet intraluminal valves. Particle tracking experiments demonstrated that intraluminal lymphatic valves concentrate higher velocity lymph flow in the center of the vessel, while generating adjacent perivalvular recirculation zones. The recirculation zones are characterized by extended particle residence times and low wall shear stress (WSS) magnitudes in comparison to the rest of the lymphangion. A malformed unileaflet valve skewed lymph flow toward the endothelium on the vessel wall, generating a stagnation point and a much larger recirculation zone on the opposite wall. These studies define physical consequences of bileaflet and unileaflet intraluminal lymphatic valves that affect lymph transport and the generation of a heterogeneous flow field that affects the lymphatic endothelium nonuniformly. The characterized flow fields were recreated in vitro connecting different flow environments present in the lymphangion to a lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) pro-inflammatory phenotype. Unique and detailed insight into lymphatic flow is provided, with potential applications to a variety of diseases that affect lymph transport and drug delivery.
Medical student education for injury prevention: closing the gap
Authors: Zosel Amy , Kohlbeck Sara , Davis Christopher S , Meurer Linda , Hargarten Stephen 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionInjury is a major public health issue in the USA. In 2017, unintentional injury was the leading cause of death for ages 1 through 44. Unfortunately, there is evidence that the sciences of injury prevention and control may not fully and widely integrated into medical school curriculum. This paper describes a novel injury prevention and control summer programme that was implemented in 2002 and is ongoing.MethodsThe main component of the Series includes at least seven injury-related lectures and discussions designed to provoke students’ interest and understanding of injury as a biopsychosocial disease. These lectures are organised in a seminar fashion and are 2–4 hours in duration. Kirkpatrick’s four-part model guides evaluation specific to our four programme objectives. Trainee satisfaction with the programme, knowledge and outcome (specific to career goals) is evaluated using several mixed-methods tools.ResultsA total of 318 students have participated in the Series. Evaluation findings show an increase in knowledge of injury-related concepts as well as an increase in interest in pursuing injury-related research topics in the future.ImplicationsThe Series is a novel and innovative programme that provides training in injury and injury prevention and control-related topics to medical students, as well as undergraduate, graduate and pharmacy students. We hope that by increasing students’ knowledge and understanding of injury prevention and control we are contributing to a physician workforce that understands the importance of a public health approach to injury prevention, that implements public health principles in practice and that advocates for policies and practices that positively impact injury prevention and control to help make our communities healthier and safer.