bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using machine learning to assess the predictive potential of standardized nursing data for home healthcare case-mix classification
Authors: de Korte Maud H. , Verhoeven Gertjan S. , Elissen Arianne M. J. , Metzelthin Silke F. , Ruwaard Dirk , Mikkers Misja C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The Netherlands is currently investigating the feasibility of moving from fee-for-service to prospective payments for home healthcare, which would require a suitable case-mix system. In 2017, health insurers mandated a preliminary case-mix system as a first step towards generating information on client differences in relation to care use. Home healthcare providers have also increasingly adopted standardized nursing terminology (SNT) as part of their electronic health records (EHRs), providing novel data for predictive modelling.

Objective
To explore the predictive potential of SNT data for improvement of the existing preliminary Dutch case-mix classification for home healthcare utilization.

Methods
We extracted client-level data from the EHRs of a large home healthcare provider, including data from the existing Dutch case-mix system, SNT data (specifically, NANDA-I) and the hours of home healthcare provided. We evaluated the predictive accuracy of the case-mix system and the SNT data separately, and combined, using the machine learning algorithm Random Forest.

Results
The case-mix system had a predictive performance of 22.4% cross-validated R-squared and 6.2% cross-validated Cumming’s Prediction Measure (CPM). Adding SNT data led to a substantial relative improvement in predicting home healthcare hours, yielding 32.1% R-squared and 15.4% CPM.

Discussion
The existing preliminary Dutch case-mix system distinguishes client needs to some degree, but not sufficiently. The results indicate that routinely collected SNT data contain sufficient additional predictive value to warrant further research for use in case-mix system design.
Synthesis and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Mimosine-Containing Peptides
Authors: Bąchor Remigiusz , Randaccio Enrico , Lachowicz Joanna I. , Stefanowicz Piotr , Nurchi Valeria M. , Szewczuk Zbigniew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNon-proteinogenic amino acids are widely explored group of compounds due to their chemical properties and great potential of application in the combinatorial chemistry, medicinal investigation etc. Therefore the synthetic methods of their incorporation to the peptide chain are required. l-Mimosine, (S)-α-amino-β-(3-hydoxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyridin-1-yl)-propanoic acid), is a plant amino acid, known to induce apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer xenografts. Here we present our investigations on the synthesis of mimosine-containing peptide and their ESI-MS/MS analysis. We successfully applied Fmoc-protected mimosine a with a free hydroxy ketone group for efficient peptide synthesis in the presence of HATU as a coupling reagent without the formation of side products. Additionally the tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed the characteristic loss of the heterocyclic ring from mimosine residue side chain. The described method allows insertion of mimosine residue at any endo-position within a peptide sequence. The obtained results may be useful in the synthesis and mass spectrometry analysis of various mimosine-containing peptides.
The economic and environmental effects of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Strategy— taking Hebei Province as an example
Authors: Zhang Rongxia , Dong Suocheng , Li Zehong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2014, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Collaborative Development Strategy (hereinafter the Jing-Jin-Ji Strategy) was formally proposed as a major national strategy, providing an unprecedented opportunity for the overall development of Hebei. This article evaluates the treatment effects of the Jing-Jin-Ji Strategy on Hebei’s economy and environment. Employing a panel data program evaluation method developed by Hsiao et al. (2012), we construct hypothetical counterfactuals for the GDP growth rate, the percentage of tertiary industry in GDP, and the geographic mean PM2.5 concentrations for Hebei in the absence of the Jing-Jin-Ji Strategy using the outcomes of selected untreated provinces. The results show that the Jing-Jin-Ji Strategy increased the percentage of tertiary industry in GDP by an average of 2.53 percentage points per year between 2014 and 2018 and decreased the geographic mean PM2.5 concentrations by an average of 11.1 percentage points per year between 2014 and 2017. However, it does not appear to have had significant effects on Hebei’s GDP growth rate. The leave-one-out method demonstrates the robustness of the above results. This article suggests that Hebei should speed up its economic growth and bridge the gap with Beijing and Tianjin while ensuring the quality of its economic development and a sound ecological environment.
Treatment of Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Thol Felicitas , Ganser Arnold 
Published: June 2020

Opinion statementRelapse is still a common scenario in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment and occurs in 40–50% of younger and the great majority of elderly patients. The prognosis in relapsed AML patients is generally poor but depends largely on the timing of relapse (early versus late) and the possibility of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). At the time of relapse, we again perform a mutational screening and cytogenetic analysis in all AML patients as clonal evolution of disease is frequent. Clinical trials should be first priority in all relapsed patients. In fit patients without prior transplant, we aim to perform HSCT after salvage therapy. In AML patients relapsing after HSCT and good performance status, intensive therapy can be considered with subsequent cellular therapy such as donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or a second HSCT. However, less than 20% of these patients are alive after 5 years. For those patients that are unfit, the therapeutic aim is to prolong life with acceptable quality of life. Here, hypomethylating agents (HMA), low-dose AraC (LDAC), and solely cytoreductive therapy with hydroxurea are options depending on first-line therapy. For those patients that have not been treated with venetoclax in first line, the combination therapy of venetoclax with demethylating agents achieves encouraging response rates. Venetoclax is currently also studied in combination with intensive salvage therapy. Importantly, for patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2–mutated AML, ivosidenib, an IDH1 inhibitor, and enasidenib, an IDH2 inhibitor, present well-tolerated options in the setting of refractory or relapsed (r/r) disease even in elderly and heavily pre-treated patients with response rates of 30–40%. Both substances have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for r/r AML patients with IDH1/2 mutations (but not yet by the European Medicines Agency (EMA)). For patients with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations, treatment with the selective FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib is well tolerated and leads to improved outcome compared with standard salvage therapy. The approval has been granted by the FDA and the EMA. Generally, we would recommend targeted therapy for IDH1/2- and FLT3-mutated AML if available. In order to improve outcome in relapsed AML, it will be important to intelligently combine novel substances with each other as well as chemotherapy in prospective clinical trials. The development of therapies with bispecific antibodies or chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) are still in early development.
The clinical usefulness of the CTS5 in the prediction of late distant recurrence in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Tajiri Wakako , Ijichi Hideki , Takizawa Katsumi , Koi Yumiko , Masuda Takanobu , Ueo Hiroki , Koga Chinami , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Taguchi Kenichi , Okamoto Masahiro , Tokunaga Eriko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Clinical Treatment Score post-5 years (CTS5) is a promising prognostic tool to evaluate late distant recurrence (DR) risk for breast cancer after 5-year adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Patients and methods
Among 560 postmenopausal women with pathological stage I–III estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) primary breast cancer, 383 women who had received 5-year adjuvant endocrine therapy without any recurrence at 5 years after surgery were included in this study. The CTS5 was calculated for each patient using a previously published formula, and the patients were stratified by their CTS5 values into the low-, intermediate- and high-CTS5 risk groups.

Results
According to the CTS5, 205 (53.5%), 106 (27.7%) and 72 (18.8%) patients were classified into the low-, intermediate-, and high-CTS5 risk groups, respectively. A higher ER expression level was significantly associated with the low CTS5. The increased administration of adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly associated with a high CTS5. The occurrence of DR was higher in the intermediate and high CTS5 groups than in the low CTS5 group. The DRFS in the low CTS5 risk group was significantly better than that in the intermediate- or high-risk groups. In the ER-high or HER2-negative (HER2−) group, the DRFS in the low-risk group was significantly better than that of the intermediate- or high-risk groups. However, in the low-ER or HER2-positive group, there was no significant difference in DRFS among the three risk groups.

Conclusions
In postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer, low CTS5 was considered to be associated with a very low risk of late DR. Thus, extended endocrine therapy may be unnecessary for patients with low CTS5 scores. Extended endocrine therapy should be offered for patients with intermediate or high CTS5 scores, especially those with high-ER and HER2− breast cancer.
Tropical forage technologies can deliver multiple benefits in Sub-Saharan Africa. A meta-analysis
Authors: Paul Birthe K. , Koge Jessica , Maass Brigitte L. , Notenbaert An , Peters Michael , Groot Jeroen C.J. , Tittonell Pablo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScarcity of quantity and quality feed has been a key constraint to productivity of smallholder crop-livestock systems. Tropical forages include a variety of annual and perennial grasses, herbaceous and dual-purpose legumes, and multipurpose trees and shrubs. They have been promoted in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for increasing livestock productivity and household income through higher quantity and quality of herbage, while contributing to soil improvement and higher food crop yields. For the first time, we quantitatively reviewed 72 experimental studies from across SSA to take stock of geographical distribution and forage technology focus of past research; quantify magnitudes of multidimensional impacts of forage technologies; and present variability in forage agronomy data. Improved forage technologies were classified into four groups: (i) germplasm, (ii) management, (iii) cropping system integration, and (iv) feeding regime. Mean weighted response ratios were calculated from 780 pairs of observations for 13 indicators across the five impact dimensions. Improved forage germplasm had on average 2.6 times higher herbage productivity than local controls, with strongest effect in grasses. Feeding regimes with improved leguminous forages increased milk yield by on average 39%, dry matter intake by 25%, and manure production by 24%. When forage technologies were integrated with food crops, soil loss was almost halved, soil organic carbon increased on average by 10%, and grain and stover yields by 60% and 33%, respectively. This study demonstrates the central role improved forages could play in sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems in SSA. It highlights the need for multidisciplinary and systems-level approaches and studies to quantify synergies and tradeoffs between impact dimensions. Further research is needed to explain forage agronomic yield variability, unraveling interactions between genotype, on-farm environmental conditions, and management factors. Results from this review can inform development programs, prioritizing technologies proven successful for dissemination and indicating magnitudes of expected impacts.
Speaker recognition based on characteristic spectrograms and an improved self-organizing feature map neural network
Authors: Jia Yanjie , Chen Xi , Yu Jieqiong , Wang Lianming , Xu Yuanzhe , Liu Shaojin , Wang Yonghui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo obtain a speaker’s pronunciation characteristics, a method is proposed based on an idea from bionics, which uses spectrogram statistics to achieve a characteristic spectrogram to give a stable representation of the speaker’s pronunciation from a linear superposition of short-time spectrograms. To deal with the issue of slow network training and recognition speed for speaker recognition systems on resource-constrained devices, based on a traditional SOM neural network, an adaptive clustering self-organizing feature map SOM (AC-SOM) algorithm is proposed. This algorithm automatically adjusts the number of neurons in the competition layer based on the number of speakers to be recognized until the number of clusters matches the number of speakers. A 100-speaker database of characteristic spectrogram samples was built and applied to the proposed AC-SOM model, yielding a maximum training time of only 304 s, with a maximum sample recognition time of less than 28 ms. Comparing to other approaches, the proposed method offers greatly improved training and recognition speed without sacrificing too much recognition accuracy. The promising results suggest that the proposed method satisfies real-time data processing and execution requirements for edge intelligence systems better than other speaker recognition methods.
Measuring objective and subjective well-being: dimensions and data sources
Authors: Voukelatou Vasiliki , Gabrielli Lorenzo , Miliou Ioanna , Cresci Stefano , Sharma Rajesh , Tesconi Maurizio , Pappalardo Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWell-being is an important value for people’s lives, and it could be considered as an index of societal progress. Researchers have suggested two main approaches for the overall measurement of well-being, the objective and the subjective well-being. Both approaches, as well as their relevant dimensions, have been traditionally captured with surveys. During the last decades, new data sources have been suggested as an alternative or complement to traditional data. This paper aims to present the theoretical background of well-being, by distinguishing between objective and subjective approaches, their relevant dimensions, the new data sources used for their measurement and relevant studies. We also intend to shed light on still barely unexplored dimensions and data sources that could potentially contribute as a key for public policing and social development.
The Cauchy dual subnormality problem for cyclic 2-isometries
Authors: Anand Akash , Chavan Sameer , Jabłoński Zenon Jan , Stochel Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Cauchy dual subnormality problem asks whether the Cauchy dual operator of a 2-isometry is subnormal. Recently this problem has been solved in the negative. Here we show that it has a negative solution even in the class of cyclic 2-isometries.
The Celestial City: “Mormonism” and American Identity in Post-Independence Nigeria
Authors: Stevenson Russell W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract:This article uses the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in post-independence Nigeria to examine the transition from individuated agents of religious exchange to integration into global corporate religiosity. Early Latter-day Saint adherents saw Mormonism as a mechanism by which they could acquire access to monetary resources from a financially stable Western patronage, despite political animosity due to Mormonism's racist policies and sectional tumult during the Nigeria-Biafra war. Drawing on oral and archival records, this article highlights how Mormonism as an American-based faith was able to be "translated" to meet the exigencies of indigenous adherents.
Information and Communication Technologies as Contentious Repertoire
Authors: Liu Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study advances an original theoretical framework to understand the deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in political contention. It argues that we should not look only at the use of ICTs in contention, as technologies are not “born” to be used in and for political activism. Rather, people appropriate and manoeuvre technologies—some but not others—for such purposes, in specific contexts. This study proposes a relational understanding of ICT uses in contention, taking into account their technicalities and their sociality, as well as the transformation and actualisation that occurs between them. It suggests that an investigation necessitates the perception of communication technologies as a repertoire of contention on the basis of affordances that structure the possibilities of the use of technology. The study further presents an application of the framework in cases of protests in mainland China. Through fieldwork and in-depth interviews, this study indicates that the choice of (certain functions of) mobile phones as protest repertoire derives from a confluence of (a) a given social group’s habitus of media use that manifests particular affordances, and (b) the learned experience of the contested means of the past in official mass communication. It concludes that what people do and do not do with ICTs in political contention is significantly shaped by affordances and habitus, thereby revealing the dynamics behind repertoire selection and constraint.
Controlling Nutritional Status score is superior to Prognostic Nutritional Index score in predicting survival and complications in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a Chinese propensity score matching study
Authors: Mao Yi-Shen , Hao Si-Jie , Zou Cai-Feng , Xie Zhi-Bo , Fu De-Liang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreoperative nutritional status plays an important role in predicting postoperative outcomes. Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) are good tools to assess patients’ nutritional status. They have been used in predicting outcomes in various malignancies, but few studies have focused on pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. Totally, 306 PDAC patients were enrolled. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was introduced to eliminate the baseline inequivalence. Patients with different PNI (or CONUT) scores showed inequivalence baseline characteristics, and patients with compromised nutritional status were related with a more advanced tumour stage. After PSM, the baseline characteristics were well balanced. Both low PNI (≤45) and high CONUT (≥3) were independent risk factors for poor overall survival (P < 0·05), and the result remained the same after PSM. Survival analysis demonstrated both patients with low PNI and high CONUT score were associated with poorer survival, and the result remained the same after PSM. The results of AUC indicated that CONUT might have a higher sensitivity and specificity in predicting complications and survival. Preoperative low PNI (≤45) and high CONUT (≥3) scores might be reliable predictors of prognosis and surgical complications in PDAC patients. Compared with PNI, CONUT might be more effective.
Meal and snack frequency in relation to diet quality in Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study using different definitions of meals and snacks
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Shinozaki Nana , Livingstone M. Barbara E. , Fujiwara Aya , Asakura Keiko , Masayasu Shizuko , Sasaki Satoshi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEpidemiological evidence on the association between eating frequency and overall diet quality does not represent a consistent picture. This cross-sectional study examined the associations of meal frequency and snack frequency with diet quality, using different definitions of meals and snacks. Based on 4-d weighed dietary record data obtained from 639 Japanese adults aged 20–81 years, all eating occasions were divided into meals or snacks based on either the participant-identified or time-of-day definitions. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) and Nutrient-Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3). One additional meal per d increased the HEI-2015 total score by 3·6 and 1·3 points based on the participant-identified and time-of-day definitions, respectively. A higher meal frequency was also associated with higher values of some of the HEI-2015 component scores (total vegetables, greens and beans, and total protein foods), irrespective of how meals were defined. Additionally, one additional participant-identified snack per d increased the HEI-2015 total score by 0·7 points. The frequency of participant-identified snacks also showed positive associations with some of the HEI-2015 component scores (total fruits, whole fruits, total vegetables, greens and beans, dairy products, and Na). However, the frequency of time-of-day defined snacks was not associated with the total scores of HEI-2015, although there were some associations for its components. Similar findings were obtained when the NRF9.3 was used. In conclusion, higher meal frequency was consistently associated with higher diet quality, while associations between snack frequency and diet quality varied depending on the definition of snacks.
Refining our understanding of depressive states and state transitions in response to cognitive behavioural therapy using latent Markov modelling
Authors: Catarino Ana , Fawcett Jonathan M. , Ewbank Michael P. , Bateup Sarah , Cummins Ronan , Tablan Valentin , Blackwell Andrew D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is increasingly recognized that existing diagnostic approaches do not capture the underlying heterogeneity and complexity of psychiatric disorders such as depression. This study uses a data-driven approach to define fluid depressive states and explore how patients transition between these states in response to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).MethodsItem-level Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) data were collected from 9891 patients with a diagnosis of depression, at each CBT treatment session. Latent Markov modelling was used on these data to define depressive states and explore transition probabilities between states. Clinical outcomes and patient demographics were compared between patients starting at different depressive states.ResultsA model with seven depressive states emerged as the best compromise between optimal fit and interpretability. States loading preferentially on cognitive/affective v. somatic symptoms of depression were identified. Analysis of transition probabilities revealed that patients in cognitive/affective states do not typically transition towards somatic states and vice-versa. Post-hoc analyses also showed that patients who start in a somatic depressive state are less likely to engage with or improve with therapy. These patients are also more likely to be female, suffer from a comorbid long-term physical condition and be taking psychotropic medication.ConclusionsThis study presents a novel approach for depression sub-typing, defining fluid depressive states and exploring transitions between states in response to CBT. Understanding how different symptom profiles respond to therapy will inform the development and delivery of stratified treatment protocols, improving clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of psychological therapies for patients with depression.