bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functions of Exogenous RUNX2 in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone In Vitro
Authors: Jin Yuan‐han , Zhang Jing , Zhu Hao , Fan Gen‐tao , Zhou Guang‐xin 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesThis research aimed to investigate the relative level of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Through the histopathological similarities between osteoporosis and GCTB, the biological functions of exogenous RUNXS were demonstrated in GCTB cell lines. This generated awareness of the molecular mechanism of the biogenesis and metastasis of GCTB, as well as showing the pathways and processes involved in this study. This research also expected to provide hints for the clinical treatment of patients with GCTB, to release the tumor burden and reduce the recurrence rate and metastasis of patients with this condition.MethodsThe expression of RUNX2 in the tumors was verified by Western Blot, qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, compared with the normal tissues’ adjacent tumors. Subsequently, the plasmids expressing RUNX2 were constructed, amplified and transfected into the 0404 cell line through transfection kits (0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 ng/μl). After that, the proliferation, migration, invasion, cellular viability and apoptosis of 0404 cell lines were examined by EDU assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay, annexin v staining, and CCK8 assay, respectively.ResultsThe messenger RNA (mRNA) level of RUNX2 in tumors was over 100 folds more than the normal tissues. The protein level of tumors upregulated 8.32(±4.41) folds relatively. After the transfection of RUNX2 overexpressed plasmids into the 0404 cell line, the mRNA level of RUNX2 increased approximately 530.11(±24.87), 1117.96(±77.68), 2835.09(±45.22) and 4781.51(±79.37) folds respectively, and the protein level was upregulated about 4.12(±1.15), 16.73(±1.63), 21.53(±2.41) and 23.39(±0.85) folds respectively. The proliferation of 0404 cells was inhibited by 2.13(±1.02)% of 1.6 ng/μl group and 3.03(±1.76)% of 2.4 ng/μl group. And the migration was inhibited about 45.56(±6.13)%, 50.79(±5.27)%, 63.15(±8.62)% and 93.90(±3.65)% respectively. The invasion was decreased about 14.49(±5.4)%, 37.02(±6.52)%, 42.24(±2.59)% and 48.97(±10.61)% respectively. Meanwhile, FITC Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay demonstrated that RUNX2 plasmids could promote apoptosis rate around 4.15(±0.27)%, 5.07(±0.27)%, 7.61(±0.45)% and 11.32(±1.02)% respectively, and CCK8 proved these plasmids could weaken cellular viability in a concentration‐dependent manner with the time passing.ConclusionsRUNX2 is highly expressed in giant cell tumors of bone. The RUNX2 overexpressed plasmids we constructed could be successfully transfected into 0404 cell line. Far more importantly, the exogenous RUNX2 can seriously block the biological functions of 0404 cell line in a concentration‐dependent manner, including proliferation, translocation, invasion, cellular viability, and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the mechanism was hypothesized and discussed in the article.
Understanding the Competing Effects of Economic Hardship and Income Inequality on Voter Turnout
Authors: Wilford Allan M. 
Published: March 2020

This article examines how economic hardship and income inequality affect voter turnout across 41 elections from 22 countries. Research on how these factors affect voter turnout has routinely produced uneven results. Furthermore, recent rises in income inequality have led many to revisit how the distribution of resources in society may affect voting. Using multilevel modeling techniques, I find strong evidence that economic hardship negatively affects participation rates for those mainly from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, while income inequality has only marginal effects on overall voter turnout.Related ArticlesStockemer, Daniel. 2013. “Corruption and Turnout in Presidential Elections: A Macro‐Level Quantitative Analysis.” Politics & Policy 41 (2): 189‐212. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12012Stockemer, Daniel. 2016. “Is the Turnout Function in Democracies and Nondemocracies Alike or Different?” Politics & Policy 44 (5): 889‐915. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12174Stockemer, Daniel, and Stephanie Parent. 2013. “The Inequality Turnout Nexus: New Evidence from Presidential Elections.” Politics & Policy 42 (2): 221‐245. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12067
Nocturnal home hemodialysis in children: Advantages, implementation, and barriers
Authors: Grewal Manpreet K. , Mehta Arul , Chakraborty Ronith , Raina Rupesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChronic kidney disease and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in children are major health concerns worldwide with increasing incidence and prevalence. Renal replacement therapies and kidney transplants have remarkably improved the management of patients with ESRD in both adult and pediatric populations. Kidney transplant has the best patient outcomes, but many a time it has a considerable waiting period. In the meantime, the majority of patients with pediatric ESRD are dependent on dialysis. The conventionally utilized hemodialysis regimen is the three times weekly, in‐center hemodialysis. Many studies have demonstrated the unfavorable long‐term morbidity associated with the conventional regimen. Intensified dialysis programs, which include extended nocturnal hemodialysis or short daily hemodialysis, are being increasingly advocated over the past two decades. In addition to having much better clinical outcomes as compared with the conventional regimen, the flexibility to provide dialysis at home serves as a great incentive. PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases for literature on nocturnal home hemodialysis in children with ESRD were extensively searched. Contrary to the noticeable literature available on adult home hemodialysis, a small number of studies exist in the pediatric population. In this review, the benefits, implementation and associated barriers of nocturnal home hemodialysis in children were addressed.
Significance of the Microfluidic Flow Inside the Organ of Corti
Authors: Zagadou Brissi F. , Barbone Paul E. , Mountain David C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the vibration modes of a short section in the middle turn of the gerbil cochlea including both longitudinal and radial interstitial fluid spaces between the pillar cells (PC) and the sensory hair cells to determine the role of the interstitial fluid flow within the organ of corti (OoC). Three detailed finite element (FE) models of the cochlear short section (CSS) are studied. In model 1, the CSS is without fluids; model 2 includes the OoC fluid, but not the exterior scalae fluids; and model 3 is the CSS with both scalae and OoC fluids. We find that: (1) the fundamental mode shape of models 1 or 3 is similar to the classical basilar membrane (BM) bending mode that includes pivoting of the arch of corti, and hence determines the low frequency vibrational mode shape of the cochlea in the presence of the cochlear wave. (2) The fundamental mode shape of model 2 is characterized by a cross-sectional shape change similar to the passive response of the cochlea. This mode shape includes a tilting motion of the inner hair cell (IHC) region, a fluid motion within the tunnel of corti (ToC) in the radial direction and along the OoC, and a bulging motion of the reticular lamina (RL) above the outer hair cell (OHC). Each of these motions provides a plausible mode of excitation of the sensory hair cells. (3) The higher vibrational modes of model 1 are similar to the electrically evoked response within the OoC and suggests that the higher vibrational modes are responsible for the active response of the cochlea. We also observed that the fluid flow through the OoC interstitial space is significant, and the model comparison suggests that the OoC fluid contributes to the biphasic BM motion seen in electrical stimulation experiments. The effect of fluid viscosity on cilium deflection was assessed by performing a transient analysis to calculate the cilium shearing gain. The gain values are found to be within the range of experimentally measured values reported by Dallos et al. (1996, The Cochlea, Springer-Verlag, New York).
A Critical Review of the Physics and Modeling of Deteriorated Heat Transfer in Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Copping Andrew W. , Yaras Metin I. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Modeling of deterioration of heat transfer (DHT) observed in fluid flows at supercritical pressure remains a challenge due to incomplete understanding of the underlying physics. Given the challenges involved in the experimental and computational study of this phenomenon, it is crucial that the growing collective experimental and computational data be periodically analyzed in a comparative manner through critical reviews. This paper aims to provide such a critical review. The experimental and computational evidence continues to support the postulate that streamwise acceleration of the lower density, near-wall fluid layer relative to the higher density bulk flow promotes reduced turbulent mixing and hence reduced convective heat transport. At lower mass flowrates, this may be driven by buoyancy force, whereas at higher thermal loading, the dominant driver may be the increased favorable streamwise pressure gradient prompted by the bulk flow acceleration. A discussion of these physical mechanisms and an assessment of related semi-empirical models constitute the scope of this review.
“Honey, I Shrunk the Solar Plant!”
Authors: Kribus Abraham 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Thermal Integral Micro-Generation (TIMGen) systems on the scale of a few Watts are proposed for use with solar or fuel-derived heat. The optics, the thermal receiver, and several generation technologies (MEMS Stirling and Brayton engines, thermal photovoltaic, thermoelectric) are discussed. Estimates of system performance show the potential for efficiency competitive with photovoltaic cells and large-scale thermal plants. TIMGen plants are modular, scalable, highly redundant, and potentially low-cost via mass production.
The Advanced Dish Development System Project
Authors: Diver Richard B. , Andraka Charles E. , Rawlinson K. Scott , Goldberg Vern , Thomas Gary 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The objective of the Advanced Dish Development System (ADDS) project is to develop and validate a 9-kWe dish/Stirling solar power system that meets the needs of the remote power marketplace. Key market criteria for concentrating solar power entry into remote power applications such as water pumping and village electrification are reliable unattended operation, minimal and low technology service requirements, and the ability to compete with the cost of alternatives. The Advanced Dish Development System is a test bed for advanced components and systems level testing to address the issues of the remote power market. The ADDS project involves integration and test, at a system level, of advanced dish/Stirling systems. The basic design utilizes the WGAssociates solar concentrator and controls, and the SOLO 161 Stirling Power Conversion Unit. Development has focused on extending the application of dish/Stirling systems to water pumping, reliability improvement and incorporating advanced components such as structural facets, heat pipe receivers, and advanced controls and communications. Testing includes long-term unattended, automatic operation of stand-alone 9-kWe dish/Stirling solar power generation systems in both on and off-grid modes at the National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) in Albuquerque, NM and in the field. In 1999, a first generation (Mod 1) system was fielded at the NSTTF and routine unattended operation initiated. In 2000, a system reliability tracking system was implemented on the Mod 1 system and an upgraded, second-generation (Mod 2) system, including a stand-alone water-pumping capability was developed. To better understand the market and system requirements, field-testing will be conducted at one or more American Indian applications partners test sites in the Southwest U.S. Partnering agreements have been initiated with four tribes and familiarization training completed. In this paper, the ADDS project plan and technical approach are presented. The major system components and features along with test results and project status are also described.
Using an Ersatz Thermosiphon Loop to Model Natural Convection Flows Inside a Shallow Enclosure
Authors: Burch Jay D. , Gawlik Keith M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natural convection loops can occur when extracting energy from thermal storage with immersed “load-side” heat exchangers. To assist in heat exchanger design and annual performance simulations of such systems, this paper proposes modeling the natural convection loop with a comparatively simple “ersatz” thermosiphon loop (ETL). In a “real” thermosiphon loop, fluid in channels (such as pipes) flows in a closed loop under the influence of a net buoyancy head. The flow/temperature solution is derived by equating buoyancy head to total pressure drop. In the proposed approach, the “ersatz” flow channels are defined for each problem of interest based upon experiment, numerical solution, or other information. As a simplified model, the heat transfer and friction coefficients in the ETL model must be adjusted to fit known case(s). For the case of a horizontal shallow enclosure with temperature boundary conditions at both ends, it is shown that the ETL model adjusted via CFD results is a reasonable surrogate for the actual heat transfer predicted by an analytical solution. Over an order of magnitude variation of the heat transfer, the heat transfer deviates by about 8% on average.
Effects of Tilt and Azimuth on Annual Incident Solar Radiation for United States Locations
Authors: Christensen Craig B. , Barker Greg M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents generalized results regarding the effect of surface orientation on annual incident solar radiation for locations in the United States. A surface-orientation factor (SOF) is defined, equal to Iann/Iann,max, the ratio of annual incident solar radiation for a particular orientation to annual incident solar radiation for an optimally oriented surface.
SOF contour plots can be used to conveniently indicate the effects of surface orientation over a range of tilt and azimuth angles (from horizontal to vertical and from south to east/west). Correlations, presented in this paper, can be used to calculate SOF’s based on latitude and a climate factor, w. Regional SOF contour plots indicate surface orientation effects by geographic region with boundaries determined according to latitude-w values. Effects of morning/afternoon cloudiness and snow cover are also addressed.
Measured Performance of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels
Authors: Fanney A. Hunter , Dougherty Brian P. , Davis Mark W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The photovoltaic industry is experiencing rapid growth. Industry analysts project that photovoltaic sales will increase from their current $1.5 billion level to over $27 billion by 2020, representing an average growth rate of 25% [1]. To date, the vast majority of sales have been for navigational signals, call boxes, telecommunication centers, consumer products, off-grid electrification projects, and small grid-interactive residential rooftop applications.
Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one of more of the exterior surfaces of the building envelope, represents a small but growing photovoltaic application. In order for building owners, designers, and architects to make informed economic decisions regarding the use of building integrated photovoltaics, accurate predictive tools and performance data are needed. A building integrated photovoltaic test bed has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to provide the performance data needed for model validation. The facility incorporates four identical pairs of building integrated photovoltaic panels constructed using single-crystalline, polycrystalline, silicon film, and amorphous silicon photovoltaic cells. One panel of each identical pair is installed with thermal insulation attached to its rear surface. The second paired panel is installed without thermal insulation. This experimental configuration yields results that quantify the effect of elevated cell temperature on the panels’ performance for different cell technologies.
This paper presents the first set of experimental results from this facility. Comparisons are made between the electrical performance of the insulated and non-insulated panels for each of the four cell technologies. The monthly and overall conversion efficiencies for each cell technology are presented and the seasonal performance variations discussed. Daily efficiencies are presented for a selected month. Finally, hourly plots of the power output and panel temperatures are presented and discussed for the single-crystalline and amorphous silicon panels.
Solar-Hybrid Gas Turbine-Based Power Tower Systems (REFOS)
Authors: Buck Reiner , Bräuning Thomas , Denk Thorsten , Pfänder Markus , Schwarzbözl Peter , Tellez Felix 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Solar hybrid power plants have a significant potential for cost reduction when the solar energy is introduced into a gas turbine system. The introduction in gas turbine systems could be realized with pressurized volumetric air receivers heating the compressed air of the gas turbine before it enters the combustor. A receiver module, consisting of a secondary concentrator and a volumetric receiver unit, was tested at the Plataforma Solar de Almería, Spain. Air exit temperatures up to 815°C and power levels of 410 kW were achieved. Total solar test time summed up to 247 h. Receiver efficiencies were in the range of 70%.
A new secondary concentrator with improved efficiency was designed and built. Based on an inexpensive manufacturing technology, the secondary concentrator geometry was optimized to reduce the optical losses. Performance tests with this new secondary and a cold-water calorimeter proved the efficiency increase of about 10%. Maximum operation power was 450 kW at the exit aperture. The incidence-angle depending behaviour showed good agreement with the predictions, as well as the results of a special photographic measurement campaign.
Several configurations of solar-hybrid gas turbine cycles in the low to medium power range are examined for performance and costs. The results confirm the promising potential of this technology to reach competitiveness in certain power markets: Results of a comparison between a 30 MW solar-hybrid combined cycle plant and an ISCCS power plant are presented. Future developments for system improvement and cost reduction are discussed.
Direct Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs: First Results of the DISS Project
Authors: Eck M. , Steinmann W.-D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article presents the latest experimental results of the European DISS (DIrect Solar Steam) project. The experiments are subdivided into steady state and transient tests. The goal of the steady state tests is the investigation of the thermohydraulic phenomena of the occurring two phase flow, whereas the transient tests are needed for the controller design. The experimental results are compared to simulation studies. Implications for the plant operation will be discussed.
Clinical features and management of children with primary ciliary dyskinesia in England
Authors: Rubbo Bruna , Best Sunayna , Hirst Robert Anthony , Shoemark Amelia , Goggin Patricia , Carr Siobhan B , Chetcuti Philip , Hogg Claire , Kenia Priti , Lucas Jane S , Moya Eduardo , Narayanan Manjith , O'Callaghan Christopher , Williamson Michael , Walker Woolf Theodore 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveIn England, the National Health Service commissioned a National Management Service for children with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The aims of this study were to describe the health of children seen in this Service and compare lung function to children with cystic fibrosis (CF).DesignMulti-centre service evaluation of the English National Management PCD Service.SettingFour nationally commissioned PCD centres in England.Patients333 children with PCD reviewed in the Service in 2015; lung function data were also compared with 2970 children with CF.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis for PCD was 2.6 years, significantly lower in children with situs inversus (1.0 vs 6.0 years, p<0.001). Compared with national data from the CF Registry, mean (SD) %predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was 76.8% in PCD (n=240) and 85.0% in CF, and FEV1 was lower in children with PCD up to the age of 15 years. Approximately half of children had some hearing impairment, with 26% requiring hearing aids. Children with a lower body mass index (BMI) had lower FEV1 (p<0.001). One-third of children had positive respiratory cultures at review, 54% of these grew Haemophilus influenzae.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that children with PCD in England have worse lung function than those with CF. Nutritional status should be considered in PCD management, as those with a lower BMI have significantly lower FEV1. Hearing impairment is common but seems to improve with age. Well-designed and powered randomised controlled trials on management of PCD are needed to inform best clinical practice.
Diurnal variation in autonomic regulation among patients with genotyped Rett syndrome
Authors: Carroll Michael Sean , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Weese-Mayer Debra E 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundRett syndrome is a severe neurological disorder with a range of disabling autonomic and respiratory symptoms and resulting predominantly from variants in the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene on the long arm of the X-chromosome. As basic research begins to suggest potential treatments, sensitive measures of the dynamic phenotype are needed to evaluate the results of these research efforts. Here we test the hypothesis that the physiological fingerprint of Rett syndrome in a naturalistic environment differs from that of controls, and differs among genotypes within Rett syndrome.MethodsA comprehensive array of heart rate variability, cardiorespiratory coupling and cardiac repolarisation measures were evaluated from an existing database of overnight and daytime inhome ambulatory recordings in 47 cases and matched controls.ResultsDifferences between girls with Rett syndrome and matched controls were apparent in a range of autonomic measures, and suggest a shift towards sympathetic activation and/or parasympathetic inactivation. Daily temporal trends analysed in the context of circadian rhythms reveal alterations in amplitude and phase of diurnal patterns of autonomic balance. Further analysis by genotype class confirms a graded presentation of the Rett syndrome phenotype such that patients with early truncating mutations were most different from controls, while late truncating and missense mutations were least different from controls.ConclusionsComprehensive autonomic measures from extensive inhome physiological measurements can detect subtle variations in the phenotype of girls with Rett syndrome, suggesting these techniques are suitable for guiding novel therapies.
Structural design and mechanical performance evaluations of flexible and lightweight belt by CFRP
Authors: Bae Sung-Youl , Kim Yun-Hae 
Published: March 2020

This research presents the structural design and mechanical performance evaluation results of a lightweight belt for high-rise elevators. Weight reduction of elevator components is indispensable in developing ultra-high-rise elevators. In this study, the structural design and performance evaluation of high-rise elevator ropes were carried out. The weight of the newly designed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) belt was reduced by 30% compared with the original steel wire rope. The structural analysis results of the CFRP belt showed that the design criteria were met on the design load condition of the belt. Also, mechanical tests were executed to verify the mechanical characteristics of the newly developed belt, with the results showing that the belt had sufficient structural performance compared with conventional steel wire rope.