bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Force Production during the Sustained Phase of Rugby Scrums: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Martin Eric , Beckham George 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Since World Rugby changed the laws regarding scrums in the 2013-2014 season, the sustained push phase of the scrum has increased in tactical importance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic literature review was to examine the biomechanical demands during the sustained push phase of individual, unit, and full pack scrummaging. Methods: Pubmed, EBSCO (specifically and simultaneously searching Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus), and Google Scholar were searched for any research that presented force production in a live or simulated rugby scrum. Study quality was appraised using the National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Recorded scrum forces, positioning of players including joint angles, and testing procedures were extracted and narratively synthesized. Results: Twenty six studies were included in the review. 50% of included studies were rated good, 31% fair, and 19% poor. Major limitations included not reporting any effect size, statistical power, or reliability. Reported group mean values for average sustained forces against a machine generally ranged from 1000-2000 N in individual scrums and 4000-8000 N for full packs of male rugby players older than high school age. Individuals seem to optimize their force generation when their shoulders are set against scrum machine pads at approximately 40% of body height, with feet parallel, and with knee and hip angles around 120°. A 10% difference in pack force seems to be necessary for one pack to drive another back in the scrum, but little data exist to quantify differences in force production between winning and losing packs during live scrums. Data collection within studies was not standardized, making comparisons difficult. There is a lack of data in live scrums, and the current research indicates that machine scrums may not replicate many of the demands of live scrums. There is a lack of data for female rugby players. Conclusions: This review indicates an optimal individual body position for players to strive to achieve during scrummaging, consisting of a low body height (40% of stature) and large extended hip and knee angles (120° each).
Experiences and views of different key stakeholders on the feasibility of treating cancer-related fatigue
Authors: Canella Claudia , Mikolasek Michael , Rostock Matthias , Guckenberger Matthias , Jenewein Josef , Linka Esther , Six Claudia , Stoll Sarah , Stupp Roger , Witt Claudia M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : Although cancer-related fatigue (CRF) has gained increased attention in the past decade, therapy remains a challenge. Treatment programs are more likely to be effective if the needs and interests of the persons involved are well represented. This can be achieved by stakeholder engagement.

In this paper, different key stakeholders' experiences and views on the feasibility of treating CRF in the context of supportive care in hospital environments are analyzed.
Method: In a qualitative study with the aim of developing an integrative treatment program for CRF, a total of 22 stakeholders (6 medical oncologists, 5 nurses, 9 patients, 1 patient family member, 1 representative of the Swiss Cancer League) were interviewed either in a face-to-face (n=12) or focus group setting (n=2). For data analyses, the method of qualitative content analysis was used.
Results: The stakeholders referred to different contextual factors when talking about the feasibility of treating CRF in the context of supportive care in hospital environments. These included assessment, reporting and information; treatability; attitude; infrastructure, time-management, costs and affordability; and integrative approach.
Conclusions : Key factors of a feasible treatment approach to CRF are a coherent, cost effective integrative treatment program facilitated by an interdisciplinary team of health care providers. Furthermore, the treatment approach should be patient orientated, adopting an individualized approach. The major challenges of making the integrative treatment program feasible for CRF are resources and interprofessional collaboration.
Recombinant PAL/PilE/FlaA DNA vaccine provides protective immunity against Legionella pneumophila in BALB/c mice
Authors: Chen Yingying , Yang Zehui , Dong Ying , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Legionella pneumophila ( L.pneumophila ), a Gram-negative small microorganism, causes hospital-acquired pneumonia especially in immunocompromised patients. Vaccination may be an effective method for preventing L.pneumophila infection. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a better vaccine against this disease. In this study, we developed a recombinant peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL)/type IV pilin (PilE)/lagellin (FlaA) DNA vaccine and evaluated its immunogenicity and efficacy to protect against L.pneumophila infection. Results According to the results, the expression of PAL, PilE, FlaA proteins and PAL/PilE/FlaA fusion protein in 293 cells was confirmed. Immunization with PAL/PilE/FlaA DNA vaccine resulted in highest IgG titer (Table 1) and strongest cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response (Table 2). Furthermore, the histopathological changes in lung tissues of mice challenged with a lethal dose of L.pneumophila were alleviated by PAL/PilE/FlaA DNA vaccine immunization. The production of T-helper-1 (Th1) cytokines (IFNγ, TGF-α, and IL-12), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) were promoted in PAL/PilE/FlaA DNA vaccine group (Table 3&4). Finally, immunization with PAL/PilE/FlaA vaccine raised the survival rate of mice to 100% after challenging with a lethal dose of L.pneumophila for 10 consecutive days. Conclusions Our study suggests that the newly developed PAL/PilE/FlaA DNA vaccine stimulates strong humoral and cellular immune responses and may be a potential intervention on L.pneumophila infection.
Diagnostic value of PET/CT with 11C-methionine (MET) and 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) in newly diagnosed glioma based on the 2016 WHO classification
Authors: Ogawa Tomoya , Kawai Nobuyuki , Miyake Keisuke , Shinomiya Aya , Yamamoto Yuka , Nishiyama Yoshihiro , Tamiya Takashi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background The molecular features of isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH ) mutation and chromosome 1p and 19q (1p/19q) codeletion status have pivotal role for differentiating gliomas and have been integrated in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2016. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18 F-fluorothymidine (FLT) has been used to evaluate tumour grade and proliferative activity and compared with L-methyl- 11 C-methionine (MET) in glioma patients. Herein, we evaluated tracer uptakes of MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT for differentiating glioma based on the 2016 WHO classification especially in relation to IDH1 mutation status. Methods In total, 81 patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial glioma were enrolled in this study. They underwent PET/CT studies with MET and FLT before surgery. The molecular features and histopathological diagnosis based on the 2016 WHO classification were determined using surgical specimens. The ratios of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) of the tumours to the mean SUV of the contralateral cortex (T/N ratios) were calculated on MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT images. Results The mean T/N ratios of MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT in IDH1 -wildtype tumours were significantly higher than those in IDH1 -mutant tumours ( P <0.001 and P <0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis for differentiating IDH1 mutation status showed that the area under the curve of the FLT T/N ratio was significantly larger than that of the MET T/N ratio ( P <0.01). The mean T/N ratio of FLT-PET/CT in IDH1 -wildtype tumours was significantly higher than that in IDH1 -mutant tumours among grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ gliomas ( P =0.005), but this was not the case for MET-PET/CT. Both MET-PET/CT and FLT-PET/CT were able to distinguish between grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ gliomas in IDH1 -mutant tumours ( P =0.002 and P <0.001, respectively), but only FLT-PET/CT was able to distinguish between grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ gliomas in IDH1 -wildtype tumours ( P =0.029). Conclusion This study showed that FLT-PET/CT can be used to determine the IDH1 mutation status and evaluate glioma grade more accurately than MET-PET/CT. FLT-PET/CT can improve glioma differentiation based on the 2016 WHO classification, but caution must be paid for tumours without contrast enhancement.
Bidirect effects from cisplatin combine with rosmarinic acid (RA) or hot water extracts of Glechoma hederacea (HWG) on renal cancer cells
Authors: Chou Su-Tze , Ho Bing Ying , Tai Yu Ting , Huang Chun Jen , Chao Wen Wan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic drug which also causes adverse side effects. Glechoma hederacea is a traditional Chinese herb belonging to the Labiatae family and has many biological activities. Our previous study indicated that rosmarinic acid (RA) was the most abundant phytochemical in G. hederacea. However, the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects of the combined treatment of G. hederacea, RA and CDDP on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 786-O cells have not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to investigate the bioefficacy of hot water extracts of G. hederacea (HWG) and RA in inhibiting RCC 786-O cell activity and its synergism with CDDP against metastatic renal cancer cell. Methods: Bioactivities of the combination treatment of HWG, RA, HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP were assessed using the MTT assay and transwell migration, and the crude extract/compound efficacy was evaluated using wound healing migration assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. Results: Our study indicates that CDDP inhibits 786-O cell proliferation and migration and HWG and RA protect against these effects. On the other hand, HWG and RA demonstrate a low cytotoxic effect in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line -2 (HK-2 cells). Cell cycle analysis found that HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combination treatment exerted cytotoxicity by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. RA in combination with CDDP significantly inhibit the expression of p-FAK (Tyr 925) in RCC 786-O cells in vitro.Conclusion: We propose that the inhibition of RA on RCC 786-O cell invasion and migration may partly occur through the downregulation of FAK phosphorylation. The HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combination treatments may be effective strategies for intervention of RCC 786-O cell activity.
Biomarker Discovery in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: RNA sequencing of Whole Blood in Discordant Twin and Case-Controlled Cohorts
Authors: McCaffrey Timothy , III Georges St. Laurent , Shtokalo Dmitry , Antonets Denis , Vyatkin Yuri , Jones Daniel , Battison Eleanor , Nigg Joel 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: A variety of DNA-based methods have been applied to identify genetic markers of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the connection to RNA-based gene expression has not been fully exploited. Using well defined cohorts of discordant, monozygotic twins from the Michigan State University Twin Registry, and case-controlled ADHD cases in adolescents, the present studies utilized advanced single molecule RNA sequencing to identify expressed changes in whole blood RNA in ADHD. Multiple analytical strategies were employed to narrow differentially expressed RNA targets to a small set of potential biomarkers of ADHD. Results: RNA markers common to both the discordant twin study and case-controlled subjects further narrowed the putative targets, some of which had been previously associated with ADHD at the DNA level. The potential role of several differentially expressed genes, including ABCB5, RGS2, GAK, GIT1 and 3 members of the galactose metabolism pathway (GALE, GALT, GALK1) are substantiated by prior associations to ADHD and by established mechanistic connections to molecular pathways relevant to ADHD and behavioral control. Conclusions: The convergence of DNA, RNA, and metabolic data suggests these may be promising targets for diagnostics and therapeutics in ADHD.
Hemagglutinin presented on the surface of Lactococcus lactis confers broad cross-clade protection against different H5N1 viruses in chickens
Authors: Lei Han , Cen Qianhong , Gao Tong , Peng Xiaojue 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has the potential threat to poultry industry. Current avian influenza H5N1 vaccines for poultry are clade-specific, Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine for preventing and controlling H5N1 viruses from different clades. Results Recombinant L.lactis /pNZ8148-Spax-HA was generated which influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein of A/chicken/Henan/12/2004 was displayed on the surface of Lactococcus lactis ( L.lactis ) and Spax was used an anchor protein. Chickens vaccinated orally with the unadjuvanted L.lactis /pNZ8148-Spax-HA could produce significant humoral and mucosal responses, as well as the neutralizing activities against different clades of H5N1 viruses. Importantly, the unadjuvanted L.lactis /pNZ8148-Spax-HA could conferred cross-clade protection against lethal challenge with different H5N1 viruses in the chicken model. Conclusion This study provides insight into the cross-clade protection conferred by the unadjuvanted L.lactis /pNZ8148-Spax-HA that may help establish a promising platform for the development of a safe and effective H5N1 cross-clade vaccine in poultry. Keywords: L.lactis /pNZ8148-Spax-HA, cross protection, H5N1 cross-clade vaccine.
Poly Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation prepared with skin moisturizing properties
Authors: Meng Hong , Li Jia-Rui , Dong Yin-Mao , Li Li , He Yi-Fan , Ren Han-Kun , Liu You-Ting , Qu Zhao-Hui , Zhang Wei-Hong , Zhang Li-Ping , YI Fan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Many traditional Chinese medicine compositions can moisturize the skin and utilize in cosmetics. Using a combination of Chinese Medicine Materials and guided by Traditional Chinese Medicine principles, this study selected Echinacea purpurea to protect the skin barrier, Dendrobium nobile to clear heat and promote fluid production, Sophora flavescens to clear heat for diminished inflammation, and Aloe vera combined Lycium barbarum to nourish yin, to together form a "poly TCM moisturizing formulation". Methods These poly plant extracts were investigated and optimized for the stability, safety and moisturizing ability. The combination moisturizing effect was determined by measuring the expression of FLG mRNA, CLDN-1 mRNA and AQP3 protein. Toxicological analysis included a red blood cell hemolysis test and a 3T3 phototoxicity test . Results It has been observed that by using polysaccharide yield as the evaluation criterion showed optimal extraction at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:100, an extraction temperature of 100 °C, and an extraction time of 3 h. Moisturizing effect experiments showed that the expression of FLG mRNA, CLDN-1 mRNA and AQP3 protein was significantly increased. Toxicological tests showed that the composition was safe and caused no irritating effects. Conclusion Based on these results, this poly TCM moisturizing formulation is safe within moisturizing effects and can be used as a moisturizing raw material in cosmetics.
A bioinformatics study of autophagy biomarkers associated with the prognosis of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Rui , Bai Yixuan , Xie Yunkai , Li Changzhong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Autophagy plays a critical role in endometrial carcinoma (EC), but prognosis studies of differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in EC are lacking. This study aimed to access the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in EC and to identify the potential characteristics of ARGs in predicting patient survival and guiding treatment.Methods: The RNA-Seq data and clinical data were obtained from TCGA databases. The DEARGs were identified by “limma” package in R software. Clusterprofler was used for functional analysis. Using STRING databases to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and plug-in MCODE to screen hub modules in Cytoscape. The degrees method of cytoHubba was used to select important hub genes. Co-expression analysis was performed using “limma” package and Metascape for functional analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to construct a prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis, ROC curve analysis and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were also performed. Validation was executed by UALCAN, CCLE and HPA databases.Results: In total, 45 DEARGs were identified. Functional analysis showed that DEARGs were strikingly enriched in autophagy pathway. PPI network showed that CASP3 was the most central protein. CASP3 co-expression analysis revealed that co-expressed genes were mostly enriched in cell cycle. We identified a novel prognostic signature consisting of 3 genes (CDKN2A, PTK6 and GRID2). The risk score based on the prognostic signature was able to classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different overall survival. Furthermore, the prognostic signature is an independent prognostic predictor of survival and demonstrates superior prognostic performance compared with the clinicopathologic features for predicting 5-year survival. CDKN2A and PTK6 were further validated in UALCAN. GSEA suggested that the two genes played crucial roles in drug metabolism.Conclusion: Using bioinformatics analyses, we identified DEARGs and determined CDKN2A, PTK6 and DRID2 are tumor-associated genes and can be utilized as possible biomarkers in EC treatment.
Manual Individualization of the Dialysate flow according to blood flow: Effects on the Hemodialysis dose delivered and on Dialysate consumption
Authors: Moustapha FAYE , KEITA Niakhaleen , Faye Maria , BERDAI Yousseph , LEMRABOTT Ahmed Tall , Mbengue Mansour , Ba Bacary , Diagne Seynabou , Dieng Ameth , BA Mamadou Aw , KA Elhadji Fary 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The objective of this work was to assess the impact of the decrease in dialysate flow rate on the dialysis dose delivered (spKt /V) to chronic hemodialysis patients and to estimate the resulting water saving. Methods: It was a prospective 4-week-period study that included chronic hemodialysis patients with clinical and hemodynamic stability. The patients successively underwent hemodialysis with a dialysate flow rate of 500 ml / min, at 1, 1.2 and 1.5 times the blood flow rate. Each dialysate flow rate was applied for one week. During these 4 weeks, the following parameters were kept constant: duration of dialysis, blood flow rate, anticoagulation, membrane nature and surface. Results: Forty-five chronic hemodialysis patients were included with a mean age of 48.4 ± 12.07 years. The weekly average spKt/V was statistically higher with a dialysate flow rate at 1.5 times the blood flow rate compared to the dialysate flow at 500 mL / min (p = 0.001). The proportion of patients achieving a standardized dialysis dose ≥ 1.4 was statistically higher with dialysate flow at 500 mL / min (64.4%) compared to dialysate flow at 1 or 1.2 times the blood flow rate which were 57.8% and 55.6%, respectively. It was statistically higher with a dialysate flow at 1.5 times the blood flow (93.3%) compared to the dialysate flow at 500 mL / min (p = 0.036). The dialysate volume used with a dialysate flow rate of 500 mL / min was higher compared to the other dialysate flow rates (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: An adequate dialysis dose could be achieved with a dialysate flow rate of 1.5 times the blood flow rate, thereby saving significant amount of water.
LncRNA MEG3 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration by targeting miR-9-5p/MDK axis and activating PDK/AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Dezhi , Ma Zheng , Ma Deyu , Li Qiquan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) was supposed to be a tumor suppressor in various cancers. However, the role of MEG3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the related molecular mechanisms are not well illustrated. This study aimed to determine the biological function of MEG3 in regulating HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Moreover, the interaction among MEG3, microRNA (miR)-9-5p and Midkine (MDK), and the activation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK)/AKT pathway in HCC cells were examined. Methods and Results Expression of MEG3 in a series of liver cancer cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR. Luciferase reporter assay, RT-qPCR and western blot were used to determine the interaction among MEG3, miR-9-5p and MDK, and the activation of PDK/AKT pathway. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK8, flow cytometry analysis for cell cycle and apoptosis, and Caspase 3/9 activity. Cell migration was determined by wound healing assay and MMP1 expression. We found MEG3 was decreased in HCC cell lines compared with the normal liver cell line. MEG3 suppressed HCC cell proliferation and migration, and induced cell apoptosis. Further, we found MEG3 targets miR-9-5p/MDK axis and modulates PDK/AKT pathway in HCC. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that lncRNA MEG3 affects HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration through its targeting of miR-9-5p/MDK and regulating of PDK/AKT pathway. This study suggested MEG3/miR-9-5p/MDK axis as the potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Survival after Curative Resection for Stage I Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Liang , Luo Shuangling , Lai Sicong , Cai Yonghua , Liu Zhanzhen , Hu Huanxin , Zeng Ziwei , Xian Cory J , Dong Jianghui , Wang Liping , Kang Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background : The prognostic value of the mucinous adenocarcinoma histotype on the early stages especially for stage I colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. This study determined the clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term outcome of stage I colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAC).Methods : Among the total of 503 patients with stage I CRC (56 having MAC and 447 having non-MAC) who underwent radical resection, the correlation between clinicopathological factors and MAC was analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether mucinous histotype itself was an independent prognostic impact in stage I patients.Results : MACs were observed more frequently located in the colon than rectum ( p =0.046), more frequently displayed the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype ( p =0.023) and had a greater frequency of T2 stage ( p =0.001). The rate of recurrence was 13.5% and the cancer-specific mortality was 4.3% among all stage I CRC patients. There was no difference in disease-free survival and overall survival between MACs and non-MACs. On multivariate analysis, older age ( p =0.030), rectal cancer ( p =0.025), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) ( p <0.001), and microsatellite stability (MSS) phenotypes ( p =0.023) were independently associated to poor survival of stage I CRC. A high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level ( p =0.031), LVI ( p =0.002) and MSS phenotypes ( p =0.012) were independently related to short disease-free survival of stage I CRC.Conclusions : Compared with non-MAC, MAC patients had more T2 patients and more MSI phenotypes in stage I CRC at presentation, but the mucinous histology is not a significant predictor of recurrence and prognosis in stage I CRC.