bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sports Medicine Staffing Across National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III Schools: Evidence for the Medical Model
Authors: Baugh Christine M. , Kroshus Emily , Lanser Bailey L. , Lindley Tory R. , Meehan William P. 
Published: May 2020

Context
The ratio of clinicians to patients has been associated with health outcomes in many medical contexts but has not been explored in collegiate sports medicine. The relationship between administrative and financial oversight models and staffing is also unknown.

Objective
To (1) evaluate staffing patterns in National Collegiate Athletic Association sports medicine programs and (2) investigate whether staffing was associated with the division of competition, Power 5 conference status, administrative reporting structure (medical or athletic department), or financial structure (medical or athletic department).

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Collegiate sports medicine programs.

Patients or Other Participants
Representatives of 325 universities.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
A telephone survey was conducted during June and July 2015. Participants were asked questions regarding the presence and full-time equivalence of the health care providers on their sports medicine staff. The number of athletes per athletic trainer was determined.

Results
Responding sports medicine programs had 0.5 to 20 full-time equivalent staff athletic trainers (median = 4). Staff athletic trainers at participating schools cared for 21 to 525 athletes per clinician (median = 100). Both administrative and financial oversight from a medical department versus the athletics department was associated with improved staffing across multiple metrics. Staffing levels were associated with the division of competition; athletic trainers at Division I schools cared for fewer athletes than athletic trainers at Division II or III schools, on average. The support of graduate assistant and certified intern athletic trainers varied across the sample as did the contributions of nonphysician, nonathletic trainer health care providers.

Conclusions
In many health care settings, clinician : patient ratios are associated with patient health outcomes. We found systematic variations in clinician : patient ratios across National Collegiate Athletic Association divisions of competition and across medical versus athletics organizational models, raising the possibility that athletes' health outcomes vary across these contexts. Future researchers should evaluate the relationships between clinician : patient ratios and athletes' access to care, care provision, health care costs, health outcomes, and clinician job satisfaction.
Lyrics and language awareness
Authors: Werner Valentin 
Published: May 2020

Commercially successful pop lyrics are an important part of students’ lives, represent authentic language material, are easily accessible, and may thus constitute a helpful starting point for various aspects of foreign language education. Despite this, they seem to be underexploited,especially when topics such as grammar instruction are tackled. This may be due to their (traditionally ascribed) “low culture” status and the undesired presence of allegedly ungrammatical content, notably in terms of non-standard features. Based on a corpus of c. 550,000 words, this paper will present an analysis of the salience of such features in Englishpop lyrics. The results suggest that the material studied actually features a rich array of nonstandard grammatical phenomena, such as multiple negation, ain’t as auxiliary, me instead of I, copula deletion, etc. (as commonly proscribed in English language education). From a pedagogical perspective, it is therefore argued that using lyrics in the classroom may offer students a welcome opportunity to engage with various types of grammaticality, introducing them to authentic language in a naturalistic way. More specific issues to be addressed with the eventual aim of raising students’ language awareness through working with pop lyrics are that assessments of grammaticality are (i) very much context-dependent, for instance in terms of acceptability of certain structures and variants in different registers (e.g. lyrics vs. conversation vs. formal writing) and (ii) may also differ across varieties of English represented in the lyrics (e.g. various British dialects and sociolects, African American English as represented in rap, Jamaican Creoleas represented in reggae, etc.).
Baustein West und Bauplan Ost. Zur politischen: Transformation jugendkultureller Stile in der DDR
Authors: Rauhut Michael 
Published: May 2020

Within different political systems, youth cultures use similar symbols and styles which are charged with distinct and specific meaning. In the German Democratic Republic, the socialist part of Germany, youth cultures were identified as being a political threat. They created space for communication that was in sharp contrast to the propagandistic ideal of the so-called „socialist personality“ and hardly to control by the state. Based on the example of the hippie phenomenon in the East, the essay explains the way global youth cultures had been differentiated culturally and loaded with political sense under the circumstances of socialism
Earth system modeling with endogenous and dynamic human societies: the copan:CORE open World–Earth modeling framework
Authors: Donges Jonathan F. , Heitzig Jobst , Barfuss Wolfram , Wiedermann Marc , Kassel Johannes A. , Kittel Tim , Kolb Jakob J. , Kolster Till , Müller-Hansen Finn , Otto Ilona M. , Zimmerer Kilian B. , Lucht Wolfgang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Analysis of Earth system dynamics in the Anthropocene requires explicitly taking into account the increasing magnitude of processes operating in human societies, their cultures, economies and technosphere and their growing feedback entanglement with those in the physical, chemical and biological systems of the planet. However, current state-of-the-art Earth system models do not represent dynamic human societies and their feedback interactions with the biogeophysical Earth system and macroeconomic integrated assessment models typically do so only with limited scope. This paper (i) proposes design principles for constructing world–Earth models (WEMs) for Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene, i.e., models of social (world)–ecological (Earth) coevolution on up to planetary scales, and (ii) presents the copan:CORE open simulation modeling framework for developing, composing and analyzing such WEMs based on the proposed principles. The framework provides a modular structure to flexibly construct and study WEMs. These can contain biophysical (e.g., carbon cycle dynamics), socio-metabolic or economic (e.g., economic growth or energy system changes), and sociocultural processes (e.g., voting on climate policies or changing social norms) and their feedback interactions, and they are based on elementary entity types, e.g., grid cells and social systems. Thereby, copan:CORE enables the epistemic flexibility needed for contributions towards Earth system analysis of the Anthropocene given the large diversity of competing theories and methodologies used for describing socio-metabolic or economic and sociocultural processes in the Earth system by various fields and schools of thought. To illustrate the capabilities of the framework, we present an exemplary and highly stylized WEM implemented in copan:CORE that illustrates how endogenizing sociocultural processes and feedbacks such as voting on climate policies based on socially learned environmental awareness could fundamentally change macroscopic model outcomes.
Analysis of properties of the 19 February 2018 volcanic eruption of Mount Sinabung in S5P/TROPOMI and Himawari-8 satellite data
Authors: de Laat Adrianus , Vazquez-Navarro Margarita , Theys Nicolas , Stammes Piet 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study presents an analysis of TROPOMI cloud heights
as a proxy for volcanic plume heights in the presence of absorbing aerosols
and sulfur dioxide for the 19 February 2018 eruption plume of the Sinabung
volcano on Sumatra, Indonesia. Comparison with CALIPSO satellite data shows that all three TROPOMI cloud
height data products based on oxygen absorption which are considered here
(FRESCO, ROCINN, O22CLD) provide volcanic ash cloud heights comparable to
heights measured by CALIPSO for optically thick volcanic ash clouds. FRESCO
and ROCINN heights are very similar, with the only differences for FRESCO cloud
top heights above 14 km altitude. O22CLD cloud top heights unsurprisingly
fall below those of FRESCO and ROCINN, as the O22CLD retrieval is less
sensitive to cloud top heights above 10 km altitude. For optically thin
volcanic ash clouds, i.e., when Earth's surface or clouds at lower altitudes
shine through the volcanic ash cloud, retrieved heights fall below the
volcanic ash cloud heights derived from CALIPSO data. Evaluation of corresponding Himawari-8 geostationary infrared (IR)
brightness temperature differences (ΔBTs) – a signature for detection
of volcanic ash clouds in geostationary satellite data and widely used as
input for quantitative volcanic ash cloud retrievals – reveals that for this
particular eruption the ΔBT volcanic ash signature changes to a
ΔBT ice crystal signature for the part of the ash plume reaching the
upper troposphere beyond 10 km altitude several hours after the start of the
eruption and which TROPOMI clearly characterizes as volcanic (SO2 > 1 DU – Dobson units – and AAI > 4 – absorbing aerosol
index – or, more conservatively, SO2 > 10). The presence of ice in volcanic ash clouds is known to
prevent the detection of volcanic ash clouds based on broadband
geostationary satellite data. TROPOMI does not suffer from this effect and
can provide valuable and accurate information about volcanic ash clouds and
ash top heights in cases where commonly used geostationary IR measurements
of volcanic ash clouds fail.
Ultra Wide Band Antenna with Defected Ground Plane and Microstrip Line Fed for Wi-Fi/Wi-Max/DCS/5G/Satellite Communications
Authors: Singh Ashish , Shet Krishnananda , Prasad Durga 
Published: May 2020

In this chapter, ultra wide band angular ring antenna has been proposed for wireless applications. It has been observed that antenna resonate from 2.9 to 13.1 GHz which has 10.2 GHz bandwidth. Further, it is observed that antenna has nearly omni-directional radiation pattern for E and H-plane at 3.5, 5.8, and 8.5 GHz. The theoretical analysis of the proposed has been done using circuit theory analysis. It was also found using simulation that antenna has good input and output response of 0.2 ns. Proposed antenna measured, simulated, and theoretical results matches for antenna characteristics, i.e., reflection coefficient and radiation pattern. Bandwidth of antenna lies between 2.9 and 13.1 GHz, so this antenna is suitable for Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, digital communication system (DCS), satellite communication, and 5G applications.
Femmes autochtones et militantisme en ligne : usages de Facebook et Twitter pour contrer les violences sexuelles dans la foulée du scandale policier de Val-d’Or
Authors: Pilote Anne-Marie , Hübner Lena A. 
Published: May 2020

Les auteures interrogent l’apport des médias socionumériques aux luttes des femmes autochtones du Québec. À la suite du scandale de Val-d’Or – qui a vu des agents de la Sûreté du Québec éclaboussés par des allégations d’agressions sexuelles envers des femmes des nations crie et anichinabée –, les chercheuses ont mené une observation ethnographique dans les comptes Facebook et Twitter des principales militantes et associations autochtones ayant investi les médias socionumériques pour dénoncer ces violences policières. Complétée par des entrevues, leur analyse montre que la variété des actions privilégiées en ligne donne une visibilité accrue aux luttes des femmes autochtones et favorise leur prise de parole. Ces actions se révèlent des moyens efficaces pour décoloniser l’ordre social patriarcal et forger un « espace de la cause des femmes autochtones ».
Transcriptional profiling to identify the key genes and pathways of pterygium
Authors: Chen Yihui , Wang Haoyu , Jiang Yaping , Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Qingzhong 
Published: May 2020

PurposePterygium results from a variety of biological pathways that are involved in the formation of ocular surface diseases. However, the exact pathogenesis of pterygium is still unclear. Our study focused on gene expression profiles to better understand the potential mechanisms of pterygium.MethodsRNA sequencing experiments were performed on clinical pterygium tissues and normal conjunctival tissues. To identify the hub genes for the development of pterygium, we further conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the dysregulation of the most significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and key hub genes in the independent subjects.ResultsA total of 339 DEGs (P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change [log2FC] ≥ 1.0) were obtained that reached statistical significance with p-values < 0.05. Among them, 200 DEGs were upregulated; these genes were mainly associated with the extracellular matrix and with cell adhesion or migration. In contrast, the 139 downregulated genes were enriched for endocrine and inflammation pathways. With regard to WGCNA, five modules were assigned based on the DEG profiles, and the biological functions of each module were verified with previously published GO terms. The functions included ECM-receptor interactions, the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-related pathway. The five hub genes with the highest connectivity in each module and the five most significant DEGs showed dysregulated expression in the independent cohort samples.ConclusionsRNA sequencing and WGCNA provided novel insights into the potential regulatory mechanisms of pterygium. The identified DEGs and hub genes, which were classified into two groups according to different functions or signalings, may provide important references for further research on the molecular biology of pterygium.
Multimode ultrasonic technique is recommended for the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer
Authors: Wang Juan , He Xin , Ma Li , Li Miao , Sun Lei , Jiang Jue , Zhou Qi 
Published: May 2020

Background
B-mode ultrasound is one of the most commonly used imaging techniques for evaluating thyroid nodules due to its noninvasive property and excellent performance in terms of discriminating between benign and malignant nodules. However, the accuracy of differential diagnosis strongly depends on the experience of ultrasonographers. In addition to B-mode ultrasound, the elastic mode and contrast-enhanced mode have shown complimentary value in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. The combination of multiple modes in ultrasonic techniques may effectively undermine diagnostic subjectiveness and improve accuracy. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic value of combining the three ultrasonic modes for differentiating thyroid cancers.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we analyzed a total of 196 thyroid nodules with suspected malignancies from 185 patients who gave informed consent. Xi’an Jiaotong University granted ethical approval (No. 2018200) to carry out the study within its facilities. All the patients received ultrasonic examinations with the B mode, elastic mode and contrast-enhanced mode, followed by histopathological confirmation by fine-need aspiration or surgery. A predictive multivariate logistic regression model was selected to integrate the variety of data obtained from the three modes.

Results
The combination of three ultrasonic techniques for differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules showed the highest diagnostic accuracy of 0.985 compared to the B mode alone (0.841) and the two-mode combination. The accuracy of the B mode combined with the elastic technique was 0.954, and the accuracy of the B mode combined with the contrast-enhanced technique was 0.960.

Discussion
Multimode ultrasonic techniques should be recommended to patients with suspected malignant thyroid nodules in routine clinical practice.
Effects of Aqueous Colocasia esculenta Extracts on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Phenyl Hydrazine Induced Male Anemic Albino Rats
Authors: Samuel Olaitan Nugboton , Ayoade Adekunle Abiodun , David Seyi Adebayo , Ogunware Adedayo Emmanuel , Odekunle Ifeoluwa Israel 
Published: May 2020

Aims: In this study, the effect of Colocasia esculenta a hematinic plant on biochemical parameters levels (Direct, Total and unconjugated bilirubin, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin and urea) was assessed to determine if the plant extract can reverse the abnormality in the values of these parameter.
Methodology: The experimental animals were divided into four groups as follows; group 1(non-anemic control), group 2 (anemic untreated), group 3 (anemic treated with low dose of plant extract 100 mg/ml), group 4 (anemic treated with high dose of plant extract 500 mg/ml). Anemia was induced in group 1, group 2 and group 3 with 60 mg/kg of phenyl hydrazine for 2 days. After induction of anemia group 2 and group 3 was treated with 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of plant extract for 7 days. After 7-day blood sample was collected through heart puncture and centrifuged for serum. Then, Bilirubin, creatinine, total protein, serum albumin and urea test were carried out.
Results: The anemic untreated group had the highest bilirubin, creatinine and urea value of 1.3 mg/dl, 3.97 mg/dl and 71.78 g/l respectively compared to the non-anemic control (bilirubin-0.4 mg/dl, creatinine-3.13 mg/dl and urea 60.35 mg/dl), anemic treated with low dose (bilirubin-0.37 mg/dl,creatinine-1.40 mg/dl and urea-41.82), and anemic treated with high dose (bilirubin-0.25 mg/dl, creatinine-0.86 mg/dl, and urea-48.66 mg/dl) with significant increase in phenyl hydrazine value at p<0.05 .The anemic nontreated group experienced a reduced value of total protein and albumin of 49.78 g/l and 24.46 g/l respectively compared to the non-anemic control (total protein-66.2 g/l and albumin-37.67 g/l) ,anemic treated with low dose (total protein-67.5 g/l and albumin-19.2 g/l), and anemic treated with high dose (total protein-21.9 g/l and albumin-81.6 g/l).
Conclusion: The obtained results from this study revealed the anti-anemia potentials of aqueous extracts of Colocasia esculenta.
Assessment of Acoustical Performance of Residential Buildings for Sustainable Liveability and Satisfaction in Awka, Anambra State Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Peter Uchenna , Ngwu Chukwuemeka , Ohaedeghasi Christian Ifeanyi 
Published: May 2020

This study assessed the acoustical performance of residential buildings in Awka, Anambra State to determine the level of satisfactions of the occupants. The study surveyed the residential buildings and distributed questionnaires to the users and occupiers of different classes of residential buildings. The results of the survey were analysed using Means Satisfaction Index (MSI) and Relative Performance Index (RPI) to assess the level of satisfaction of the occupants of the buildings and the acoustical performance of the buildings respectively based on 12 selected acoustic performance criteria. It further used Pearson Product Moment Correlation to establish the relationship between occupants’ level of satisfaction and acoustic performance of the buildings. The study found that the overall acoustic performance of the buildings was grossly poor and unsatisfactory with average RPI of 0.35. It also found that the residents were very dissatisfied with the acoustic performance of the buildings in which they live (average MSI =1.74). The study further found that there was significant positive relationship between the occupants’ level of satisfaction and acoustic performance of the buildings with a Coefficient Correlation (r) of 0.875 and a computed t-test value of 5.708 which is greater than the critical t- value (2.228) tested at 5% significance level. The Coefficient of Determination (R2 = 0.7567) then suggested that about 75.69% level of satisfaction of the occupants of the residential buildings in Awka could be triggered by the acoustic performance of the buildings in which they live. On this evidence, the study craves for the enforcement of the provisions of the National Building Code as regards to sound control in buildings. In addition, there is need for adoption of different strategies for improving acoustics performance of buildings such as absorption, mechanical decoupling, mechanical damping, blocking, covering, etc., so as to promote good acoustic practices that would improve sustainable performance of our buildings and decline the resulting consequences of sounds in our residential buildings.
The Use of Chicken Feather Waste as an Adsorbent for Crude Oil Clean Up from Polluted Water
Authors: Okoya A. A. , Ochor N. O. , Akinyele A. B. , Olaiya O. O. 
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to evaluate the use of chicken feather waste (CFW) as an absorbent for the removal of crude oil from crude oil polluted water (CPW) in comparison with commercial activated carbon (CAC) ) in Nigeria. Oil pollution, can be as a result of natural disaster like earthquake, volcanic eruption, hurricane etc., or as a result of man’s interference for example terrorism, oil bunkering, tanker and oil rig accidents. CAC have been use as adsorbent for crude oil removal from the water environment but very expensive, hence the need to develop cheaper and environment friendly adsorbents from some agricultural waste which could constitute nuisance in the environment. The pulverized chicken feathers were characterized using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometer (RBS) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for elemental composition and the determination of surface morphology, respectively. The agricultural wastes used for this study was chicken feathers. The CFW was sourced from a local market at Ile-Ife, Osun State Nigeria, while commercial activated carbon was purchased from Uche-El Water Limited Company. The pulverized CFW was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Particle-induced X-ray Emission (PIXE). Elemental composition of the CFW showed the presence of Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sn, Pb and Si within the range 12.8 - 22566.3 ppm with agglomeration of particle. The results of the scanning electron microscope clearly showed the surface texture and morphological characteristics of CFW. The efficiencies of adsorption increased with increasing initial concentration for the two adsorbents except initial concentration of 20/30 which decreased in the case of CAC. The adsorption efficiencies for all the initial concentrations for the adsorbents is significantly different (F=16.114; P=0.000) at confidence interval of 0.05. CFW showed greater adsorption efficiency of 99.95%, followed by CAC which showed an adsorption potential of 95.08% (P=0.577 > C.I=0.05). The adsorption efficiencies obtained for the chicken feather compare very well with the activated carbon and even better as the dosages of the chicken feather increased. The result of the study shows that chicken feathers is an efficient sorbent for the mopping of crude oil spill in water.