bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life‐space mobility in dementia patients and family caregivers: A dyadic approach
Authors: Chung Jane , Lee Jongwon , Elswick Ronald K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveGiven that most dementia care is provided at home by family caregivers, caregivers’ health and outdoor activities may influence persons with dementia (PWDs)’ mobility. At the same time, PWDs’ functional deterioration and mobility changes might affect mobility behaviours in their caregivers. The aims of this pilot study were to examine the relationship of PWD’s life‐space mobility (LSM) with their caregiver's LSM and to investigate the role of caregiver and PWD characteristics in determining the level of LSM in both PWDs and caregivers.Design and methodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 26 caregivers providing dementia care at home. Caregivers were used as proxy for assessing sociodemographic, clinical and physical function in PWDs. Caregivers’ sociodemographic characteristics, LSM, social support, depressive symptoms, caregiving burden and preparedness for caregiving were measured.ResultsThe level of LSM in caregivers was correlated with the PWD’s LSM level. Caregivers who perceived high levels of social support and readiness for caregiving tended to report high levels of LSM. PWDs’ age and independence in instrumental activities of daily living were correlated with caregivers’ LSM.ConclusionsThe study findings suggest that the caregiver's LSM influenced and was affected by the PWD’s LSM. This underscores the need for additional research that examines the role of caregivers’ psychosocial and physical health on PWDs’ mobility and the context of dementia care and its influences on how dementia care dyads decide and participate in mobility behaviours.Implications for practiceThe findings of this pilot study will be helpful in identifying a target for interventions designed to delay the onset of mobility disability and maintain and improve social participation in PWDs. To minimise the effects of mobility limitations in PWDs, it is critical to examine their mobility issues from multilevel perspectives, including their caregiver's LSM levels and characteristics that have implications for both research and clinical practice.
Atrial fibrillation ablation in patients with pulmonary lobectomy or pneumectomy: Procedural challenges and efficacy
Authors: Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Heeger Christian‐Hendrik , Vogler Julia , Eitel Charlotte , Reissmann Bruno , Rottner Laura , Rillig Andreas , Mathew Shibu , Maurer Tilman , Ouyang Feifan , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Metzner Andreas , Tilz Roland Richard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCatheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with pulmonary lobectomy or pneumectomy is challenging due to anatomical alterations. After lung resection, electrically active pulmonary vein (PV) stumps remain and need to be localized for PV isolation (PVI). The present study aims to describe clinical challenges of PVI in patients with pulmonary lobectomy or pneumectomy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on 19 patients with previous pulmonary lobectomy or pneumectomy undergoing catheter ablation for AF in three German hospitals.ResultsNineteen patients with paroxysmal, persistent, or longstanding‐persistent AF and history of pulmonary lobectomy (n = 11) or pneumectomy (n = 8) were enrolled. Catheter ablation was performed as radiofrequency (RF) ablation using 3D mapping, robotic RF ablation, or by using balloon devices. Decent anatomical changes were observed in patients with lobectomy while cardiac rotation and mediastinal shifting was dominant in patients with pneumectomy. Visualization of all PVs including PV stumps by PV angiography was possible in 10 of 19 patients (52.6%). PV spikes were observed in all identified PV remnants. In nine patients (47.4%), at least one PV remnant could not be identified and electrical isolation was not performed. During 24 months follow‐up, patients with incomplete PVI had a significantly shorter arrhythmia‐free survival than patients with complete PVI (76.2% [95% Confidence interval (CI) 47.2‐100.0%] vs 40.0% [95% CI 5.6‐74.1%], P = .043).ConclusionIn patients with AF and previous lobectomy or pneumectomy, identification and isolation of all PVs are challenging but crucial for ablation success. Additional imaging techniques may be necessary to achieve complete PVI.
Factors associated with household contacts’ tuberculosis testing and evaluation
Authors: Barroso Elvy G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeNo research has been done in New York City that shows the demographic characteristics of household contacts testing, evaluation, and treatment of LTBI. The objective of the study was to identify demographic factors associated with household contacts’ TB testing, evaluation, and LTBI treatment.Design and MethodsA retrospective analysis of the New York City (NYC) TB registry data that examined the factors (gender, age, country of birth, race/ethnicity, and borough of residence) associated with TB testing, evaluation, and LTBI treatment. The study sample included all household contacts of TB cases identified from 2010 to 2014 (N = 3,008). The data set was chosen when nurses were the primary case managers at chest centers in the department of health. Descriptive and inferential analysis was used to identify factors associated with testing, evaluation, and LTBI treatment.ResultsThe demographic characteristics of household contacts associated with testing, evaluation, and LTBI treatment were consistent with those of TB cases in NYC from 2010 to 2014. Those not tested, not fully evaluated, and refusing LTBI treatment were most often aged 18–44 years and were non‐US born. Males were significantly more likely than females not to be fully evaluated. Among racial/ethnic groups, Asian and Hispanic persons were at higher risk of not being fully evaluated, and residents of Queens had the highest risk among the five boroughs. In multivariate analyses, age was a significant predictor of behavior, such that the older the person the less likely to get TB testing or to accept LTBI treatment. Non‐US country of birth was associated with lower likelihood of being fully evaluated but more likely to accept LTBI treatment when fully evaluated, while Asian or Hispanic race/ethnicity was associated with higher likelihood of both behaviors.ConclusionsFindings on age from this study will enable public health agencies and public health nurses to plan for effective strategies that will increase the number of household contacts who accept TB testing and evaluation, as well as the numbers who will accept and complete LTBI treatment.
The Right Wrong‐Makers
Authors: Chappell Richard Yetter 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRight‐ and wrong‐making features (“moral grounds”) are widely believed to play important normative roles, e.g. in morally apt or virtuous motivation. This paper argues that moral grounds have been systematically misidentified. Canonical statements of our moral theories tend to summarize, rather than directly state, the full range of moral grounds posited by the theory. Further work is required to “unpack” a theory’s criterion of rightness and identify the features that are of ground‐level moral significance. As a result, it is not actually true that maximizing value is the fundamental right‐making feature even for maximizing consequentialists. Focusing on the simple example of utilitarianism, I show how careful attention to the ground level can drastically influence how we think about our moral theories.
Sympathetic arousal during the processing of dysphoric affect by youths at high and low familial risk for depression
Authors: Daches Shimrit , Vine Vera , George Charles J. , Jennings J. Richard , Kovacs Maria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYouths at high risk for depression have been shown to have problems in repairing their own sad mood. Given that sympathetic arousal has been implicated both in the experience and regulation of affect, an atypical pattern of arousal may be one of the factors that contribute to mood repair problems. In the current study, we measured sympathetic arousal of never‐depressed youths at high (n = 56) and low (n = 67) familial risk for depression during sad mood induction and instructed mood repair. Sympathetic arousal was indexed by skin conductance level (SCL) and cardiac pre‐ejection period (PEP); mood repair outcome was indexed by self‐rated affect. High‐risk youths demonstrated increased SCL during sadness induction, which persisted during mood repair; low‐risk youths evidenced increased SCL only during mood repair. Shortened PEP was evident only among high‐risk youths and only during mood repair. Furthermore, shortened PEP during mood induction predicted less successful mood repair in the low‐risk but not in the high‐risk group. The findings suggest that: (a) depression‐prone youths differ from control peers in patterns of sympathetic responses to emotional stimuli, which may impair their ability to relieve sadness, and (b) activation patterns differ across subsystems (SCL vs. PEP) of sympathetic activity, in conjunction with depression risk status.
Effect of illumination on fish and amphibian: development, growth, physiological and biochemical processes
Authors: Ruchin Alexander B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeing one of the main environmental factors, the light factor influences many aspects of animal life. Photoperiod, light intensity (illumination) and wavelength are the primary periodic factors. There is a review that discusses the role of illumination on various life processes of aquatic anamnia vertebrates (fish and amphibians). The effect of light on the development, growth, respiration, consumption and efficiency of food conversion, hormone release, reproduction and behaviour of fish and amphibians has been studied. Illumination influences differently a significant number of physiological and biochemical processes and reactions of anamnia vertebrates at various development stages. The obtained results show that the nature of exposure to light is species‐specific and corresponds to the ecological niche of species. Illumination influences both positively and negatively the development, growth and other physiological processes of fish and amphibians. Illumination plays a special role during the first feeding of fish in the environment and aquaculture. There are positive and negative behavioural responses of fish to light. However, it is not always possible to distinguish fish species with only a negative or only a positive reaction to light. The quality of the reaction can be influenced by the stage of development of eggs or larvae, age characteristics, feeding status, season, time, the physiological state of fish, morbidity, etc. A promising area of research is the study of the influence of light on the hormonal status of the body and reproduction of fish. Also, the light pollution and its influence on the physiology of anamnia vertebrates are important.
Nutritional immunity of fish intestines: important insights for sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Dawood Mahmoud A.O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntensive culture systems are usually employed to increase the production, but we suspect that, in such systems, fish suffer infection and stress, which weakens their health. However, such systems may fail due to lack of resources or difficulty in controlling the rearing conditions’ optimization. When intensive culture systems fail, aquatic animals gradually stop feeding. Accordingly, their physiological status deteriorates, and their immunity is suppressed. Through some strategies, it is possible to protect fish from disease by providing balanced food that maintain intestinal health and improve digestion, thereby increasing immunity. Protecting the health of the intestinal barriers is the primary guarantee of fish health. The local immunity of the intestine is associated with the innate and adaptive immunity of the fish’s entire body. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interaction between the gut microbiota and the general immune system, as well as the most important reasons that can increase or suppress intestinal immunity. Many studies have confirmed that balanced diets containing basic nutritional requirements are the primary factor for maintaining intestinal health in aquatic animals. Another strategy for improving the intestine’s local immunity is to use some non‐nutritional food additives that increase the activity of beneficial bacteria and the secretion of digestive enzymes and decrease the harmful bacteria. This review article aimed to clarify the relationship between a balanced aquafeed and the intestinal health of aquatic animals by discussing the findings of related studies. Awareness of this correlation between diet and intestinal health is expected to aid the aquaculture industry to develop proper nutritional strategies that ensure the protection of fish health.
The politics of platform capitalism: A case study on the regulation of Uber in New York
Authors: Seidl Timo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPlatform companies like Uber not only disrupt existing markets but also contest existing regulatory regimes. This raises the question of how, when, and why such companies are regulated. This article develops, tests, and defends a theoretical framework that explains the politics of regulatory response to the rise of platform capitalism. Using discourse network analysis and a case study on the regulation of Uber in New York, it shows that the success or failure of regulations depends on the ability of actors to mobilize broad coalition; that narratives affect the composition of these coalitions; and that platform companies have both unique political strengths and vulnerabilities. This article makes substantive contributions to our understanding of the politics of platform capitalism, and it makes theoretical contributions to the literature studies on coalitional politics, ideational institutionalism, and business power.
The immunomodulatory potentials of interleukin‐27 in airway allergies
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Nemati Maryam , Jafarzadeh Sara , Chauhan Prashant , Saha Bhaskar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAllergic airway disorders such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are mainly caused by inhaled allergen‐induced improper activation and responses of immune and non‐immune cells. One important response is the production of IL‐27 by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) during the early stage of airway allergies. IL‐27 exerts powerful modulatory influences on the cells of innate immunity [eg neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells)] and adaptive immunity (eg Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, regulatory T, CD8+ cytotoxic T and B cells). The IL‐27‐mediated signalling pathways may be modulated to attenuate asthma and allergic rhinitis. In this review, a comprehensive discussion concerning the roles carried out by IL‐27 in asthma and allergic rhinitis was provided, while evidences are presented favouring the use of IL‐27 in the treatment of airway allergies.
The potential involvement of P2X7 receptor in COVID‐19 pathogenesis: A new therapeutic target?
Authors: Pacheco Paulo A. F. , Faria Robson X. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pathogenesis remains under investigation. Growing evidence indicates the establishment of a hyperinflammatory response, characterized by sustained production of cytokines, such as IL‐1β. The release and maturation of this cytokine are dependent on the activation of a catalytic multiprotein complex, known as “inflammasome”. The most investigated is the NLRP3 inflammasome, which can be activated by various stimuli, such as the recognition of extracellular ATP by the P2X7 receptor. Based on the recent literature, we present evidence that supports the idea that the P2X7R/NLRP3 axis may be involved in the immune dysregulation caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Evaluation of targeted versus universal prophylaxis for the prevention of invasive fungal infections following lung transplantation
Authors: Linder Kathleen A. , Kauffman Carol A. , Patel Twisha S. , Fitzgerald Linda J. , Richards Blair J. , Miceli Marisa H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAntifungal prophylaxis to prevent invasive fungal infections (IFI) is widely used following lung transplantation, but the optimal strategy remains unclear. We compared universal with targeted antifungal prophylaxis for effectiveness in preventing IFI.MethodsAdult patients who underwent lung transplantation at the University of Michigan from /1 July 2014‐31 December 2017 were studied for 18 months post‐transplant. Universal prophylaxis consisted of itraconazole with or without inhaled liposomal amphotericin B. Using specific criteria, targeted prophylaxis was given with voriconazole for patients at risk for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and with fluconazole or micafungin for patients at risk for invasive candidiasis. Risk factors, occurrence of proven/probable IFI, and mortality were analyzed for the two prophylaxis cohorts.ResultsOf 105 lung transplant recipients, 84 (80%) received a double lung transplant, and 38 (36%) of patients underwent transplant for pulmonary fibrosis. Fifty‐nine (56%) patients received universal antifungal prophylaxis, and 46 (44%), targeted antifungal prophylaxis. Among 20 proven/probable IFI, there were 14 IPA, 4 invasive candidiasis, 1 cryptococcosis, and 1 deep sternal mold infection. Six (10%) IFI occurred in the universal prophylaxis cohort and 14 (30%) in the targeted prophylaxis cohort. Five of 6 (83%) IFI in the universal prophylaxis cohort, compared with 9/14 (64%) in the targeted prophylaxis cohort, were IPA Candida infections occurred only in the targeted prophylaxis cohort. The development of IFI was more likely in the targeted prophylaxis cohort than the universal prophylaxis cohort, HR = 4.32 (1.51‐12.38), P = .0064.ConclusionsUniversal antifungal prophylaxis appears to be more effective than targeted antifungal prophylaxis for prevention of IFI after lung transplant.
Development and evaluation of a Novel RT‐PCR system for reliable and rapid SARS‐CoV‐2 screening of blood donations
Authors: Li Meng , Zhao Yuwei , Li Ying , Chen Xue , Luo Dongxia , Luo Mei , Hou Jue , Liu Juan , Liu Humin , Wang Huan , Dong Yufang , Zhang Lanjiang , Ji Maosheng , Zhao Xin , Wei Caibing , Li Wen , Gao Jialiang , Shan Hua , Fu Xuemei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has caused great global concerns. In contrast to SARS, some SARS‐CoV‐2–infected people can be asymptomatic or have only mild nonspecific symptoms. Furthermore, there is evidence that SARS‐CoV‐2 may be infectious during an asymptomatic incubation period. With the discovery that SARS‐CoV‐2 can be detected in plasma or serum, blood safety is worthy of consideration.Study Design and MethodsWe developed a nucleic acid test (NAT) screening system for SARS‐CoV‐2 targeting nucleocapsid protein (N) and open reading frame 1ab (ORF 1ab) gene that could screen 5076 samples every 24 hours. The 2019 novel coronavirus RNA standard was used to evaluate linearity of standard curves. Diagnostic sensitivity and reproducibility were evaluated using artificial SARS‐CoV‐2. Specificity was evaluated with 61 other respiratory pathogens. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by testing two sputum and nine oropharyngeal swab specimens. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay was used to screen SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in blood donor specimens collected during the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Chengdu.ResultsLimits of detection of the SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR assay for N and ORF 1ab gene were 12.5 and 27.58 copies/mL, respectively. Intra‐assay and interassay for the SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR assay based on cycle threshold were acceptably low. No cross‐reactivity was observed with other respiratory virus and bacterial isolates. The overall agreement value between the SARS‐CoV‐2 RT‐PCR assay and clinical diagnostic results was 100%. A total of 16 287 blood specimens collected from blood donors during SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance were tested negative.ConclusionsA high‐throughput NAT screening system was developed for SARS‐CoV‐2 screening of blood donations during the outbreak of SARS‐CoV‐2.
Antioxidant power measurement in platelet concentrates treated by two pathogen inactivation systems in different blood centres
Authors: Lotens Anaïs , Abonnenc Mélanie , Malvaux Nicolas , Schuhmacher Anne , Prudent Michel , Rapaille André 
Published: August 2020

Background and objectivesThe antioxidant power measurement can be useful to validate the execution of the pathogen inactivation treatment of platelet concentrates. The aim of this study is to evaluate the technology on different blood preparations including INTERCEPT and Mirasol treatments that are in routine use in Belgium and Luxemburg.Materials and methodsThe antioxidant power measurement was tested on 78 apheresis platelet concentrates and 54 pools of buffy‐coats‐derived platelet concentrates before and after INTERCEPT treatment. In addition, 100 Reveos platelet pools were tested before and after Mirasol treatment. The antioxidant power was quantified electrochemically using disposable devices and was expressed as equivalent ascorbic acid concentration.ResultsMean results for apheresis platelet concentrates were of 90 ± 14 and 35 ± 10 µmol/l eq. ascorbic acid before and after INTERCEPT treatment, respectively. The mean results for pools of buffy‐coats‐derived platelet concentrates were of 81 ± 10 and 29 ± 4 eq. µmol/l ascorbic acid before and after INTERCEPT treatment, respectively. For buffy‐coats‐derived platelet concentrates treated by Mirasol technology, the mean results were of 98 ± 11 and 32 ± 10 µmol/l eq. ascorbic acid before and after illumination, respectively.ConclusionThe antioxidant power significantly decreases with pathogen inactivation treatments for platelet concentrates treated by INTERCEPT or Mirasol technologies.
Daratumumab interference in flow cytometric anti‐granulocyte antibody testing can be overcome using non‐human blocking antibodies
Authors: Baig Nisar A. , Dukek Brian A. , Falbo Deborah K. , Wakefield Laurie L. , DiGuardo Margaret A. , Bobr Aleh , Kreuter Justin D. , Gandhi Manish J. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDaratumumab (DARA), a human IgG1K monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, is used to treat refractory multiple myeloma patients. CD38 is expressed on many cell types (RBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes, etc.), and thus, DARA can interfere with serological tests. Information regarding how DARA affects anti‐granulocyte antibody (AGA) testing and optimal neutralization of DARA will help laboratories perform accurate testing.MethodsScreening of AGA was performed by the granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) and the flow cytometric granulocyte immunofluorescence test (Flow‐GIFT). Samples were tested from patients on DARA (n = 7), non‐transfused blood donors (healthy controls, n = 7) and AGA reactive samples (positive controls, n = 5). Two neutralization experiments, CD38 removal with DTT and DARA epitope blockage with mouse anti‐CD38, were evaluated.ResultsPositive reactivity of human IgG binding was observed in 5/7 DARA cases when tested by Flow‐GIFT; however, all 7 cases had negative GAT agglutination results. Further studies by Flow‐GIFT revealed DARA concentrations >0·63 μg/ml bound to granulocytes. DARA binding was negated by DTT though a reduced Flow‐GIFT sensitivity was observed in positive control samples due to increased background detection of human IgG. Mouse anti‐CD38 neutralized the detection of human IgG observed in DARA‐treated patient serum without effecting controls.ConclusionWe established that DARA can interfere with AGA testing, leading to false positive Flow‐GIFT results without causing GAT agglutination. DTT treatment increased background binding of secondary antibodies causing a decrease in Flow‐GIFT sensitivity. In comparison, blockage of the DARA binding epitope using mouse anti‐CD38 antibody was effective in neutralizing DARA interference while maintaining Flow‐GIFT sensitivity.