bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case report of coronary artery spasm and takotsubo syndrome: exploring the hidden side of the moon
Authors: Lombardi Marco , Vergallo Rocco , Liuzzo Giovanna , Crea Filippo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a disease characterized by an acute and reversible myocardial injury typically precipitated by stressful and/or emotional triggers. Despite extensive research, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Spasm of epicardial coronary arteries has been proposed as a potential pathogenic factor in TTS.

Case summary
Herein, we report the case of a 68-year-old female admitted to the emergency department after developing chest pain in concomitance with an intense emotional stress. A diagnosis of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) was made. Coronary angiography disclosed normal coronary arteries, and left ventriculography showed an inferior focal akinesia with basal and apical hyperkinesis, so that a diagnosis of ‘focal TTS’ was made. Two months later, the patient was re-admitted with NSTEMI, and repeat coronary angiography showed an irregular subocclusive stenosis of a well-developed first obtuse marginal branch. After intracoronary nitroglycerine infusion, a complete recover of the vessel patency was noted, and a diagnosis of epicardial spasm was made. Intracoronary optical coherence tomography was performed to assess a residual ‘hazy’ region, which confirmed a normal vessel morphology and a residual focal area of spasm without signs of instability.

Discussion
Whether TTS and coronary artery spasm are two expressions of the same disease, or rather two separate entities with overlapping mechanisms remains unknown, and further research is warranted to solve this issue. Meanwhile, the opportunity of performing provocative tests for coronary spasm in patients with suspected TTS might be considered to gain more insights into this hypothesis.
Acute aortic dissection as a late and fatal complication of transcatheter persistent ductus arteriosus occlusion: a case report
Authors: Baker David W , Celermajer David S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart defect, of which, the preferred treatment in children and adults is transcatheter occlusion. This report describes the first reported case of acute aortic dissection as a late complication of transcatheter PDA occlusion.

Case summary
A 66-year-old healthy woman, with a history of transcatheter PDA closure 12 years previously, died suddenly at home. Post-mortem revealed pericardial tamponade complicating an acute aortic dissection, with a large intimal tear identified adjacent to the PDA occluder.

Discussion
Transcatheter occlusion is accepted as a safe and effective treatment in older children and adults, important in preventing haemodynamic sequelae such as heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Complications are uncommon and mostly acute, including device embolization and haemolysis. Aortic dissection has been reported as an acute complication but only in the setting of incorrect device deployment. This is the first description of aortic dissection as a late complication of transcatheter PDA occlusion and although rare has important ramifications given it is a potentially fatal outcome of a common procedure.
Aortic intervention guided by contrast-enhanced transoesophageal ultrasound whist waiting for cardiac transplantation: a case report
Authors: Castro Verdes Mireya , Yuan Xun , Li Wei , Senior Roxy , Nienaber Christoph A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground Aortic complications can happen during left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) insertion and its treatment remains challenging. Percutaneous aortic interventions can be an alternative to surgery in such high-risk cases.Case summary We present a patient with idiopatic dilated cardiomyopathy and advanced heart failure requiring LVAD insertion as a bridge to transplant, who developed an aortic pseudoaneurysm below the anastomosis of the LVAD tube. He was successfully treated with percutaneous coiling under contrast-enhanced transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) guidance, reaching destination therapy (heart transplantation) a year later.Discussion Left ventricular assist devices provide haemodynamic support for patients with advanced heart failure waiting for heart transplantation. Although uncommon, aortic complications can happen as a result of LVAD insertion and be life-threatening. Percutaneous aortic interventions can be performed in such cases to promote thrombosis and remodelling of false lumen or aneurysmatic spaces, hence potentially reducing the risk of sudden death. Contrast-enhanced TOE can be easily and safely used to monitor the intervention in order to improve anatomic definition, guide positioning of wires and catheters and assess early results.
A ‘Less than Enthusiastic’ Friendship: John Morley, George Eliot, and George Henry Lewes
Authors: Morrison Kevin A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For roughly a decade, John Morley enjoyed a warm and deferential sociality with George Henry Lewes and George Eliot. The basis for their friendship was the positivist philosophy of Auguste Comte, which initially held great appeal to Morley, who had lost his religious faith while studying as an undergraduate at Balliol, Oxford. While Lewes and Eliot’s views on Comte were largely fixed by middle age, Morley, still in his twenties, was searching for a substitute belief system. As Morley began to embrace the liberal philosophy of (and form a friendship with) John Stuart Mill, who had declared himself to be an antagonist of Comte’s, Morley, Lewes, and Eliot increasingly held less in common. This lack of commonality gave Morley the critical distance to reassess the couple both personally and intellectually. Embracing a new philosophy and divergent aesthetic preferences, Morley developed an equivocal view of his friends, roughly two decades his senior. Utilizing letters, diary entries, published writings, and a previously untranslated document in French, this essay provides a complex portrait of an intergenerational friendship among three nineteenth-century intellectuals.
Long-Term Heterogeneity in Immigrant Naturalization: The Conditional Relevance of Civic Integration and Dual Citizenship
Authors: Vink Maarten , Tegunimataka Anna , Peters Floris , Bevelander Pieter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat are the long-term differences in the propensity of immigrants to acquire destination country citizenship under different institutional contexts and how do these vary between migrant groups? This article draws on micro-level longitudinal data from administrative registers in Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden—three countries with widely different and changing requirements for the acquisition of citizenship—to track the naturalization propensity of eight complete migrant cohorts (1994–2001) up to 21 years after migration. We find that after two decades in the destination country, cumulative naturalization rates vary remarkably with over 80 per cent of migrants in Sweden, two-thirds in the Netherlands, and only around a third in Denmark having acquired citizenship. We observe lower rates and delayed naturalization for migrants, especially among those with lower levels of education, after language requirements and integration tests were introduced in Denmark and the Netherlands. Dual citizenship acceptance in the Netherlands and Sweden, by contrast, is associated with durably higher citizenship acquisition rates, especially, among migrants from EU and highly developed countries. These findings highlight the long-term but conditional relevance of citizenship policy for immigrant naturalization.
Optimized implementation of cardiac resynchronization therapy: a call for action for referral and optimization of care
Authors: Mullens Wilfried , Auricchio Angelo , Martens Pieter , Witte Klaus , Cowie Martin R , Delgado Victoria , Dickstein Kenneth , Linde Cecilia , Vernooy Kevin , Leyva Francisco , Bauersachs Johann , Israel Carsten W , Lund Lars H , Donal Erwan , Boriani Giuseppe , Jaarsma Tiny , Berruezo Antonio , Traykov Vassil , Yousef Zaheer , Kalarus Zbigniew , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Steffel Jan , Vardas Panos , Coats Andrew , Seferovic Petar , Edvardsen Thor , Heidbuchel Hein , Ruschitzka Frank , Leclercq Christophe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is one of the most effective therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and leads to improved quality of life, reductions in heart failure hospitalization rates and all-cause mortality. Nevertheless, up to two-thirds of eligible patients are not referred for CRT. Furthermore, post-implantation follow-up is often fragmented and suboptimal, hampering the potential maximal treatment effect. This joint position statement from three European Society of Cardiology Associations, Heart Failure Association (HFA), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), focuses on optimized implementation of CRT. We offer theoretical and practical strategies to achieve more comprehensive CRT referral and post-procedural care by focusing on four actionable domains: (i) overcoming CRT under-utilization, (ii) better understanding of pre-implant characteristics, (iii) abandoning the term ‘non-response’ and replacing this by the concept of disease modification, and (iv) implementing a dedicated post-implant CRT care pathway.
Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from clinically asymptomatic seafood workers
Authors: Chonsin Kaknokrat , Supha Neunghatai , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Suthienkul Orasa 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) is a major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in Thailand and other countries due to the consumption of contaminated and undercooked seafood. However, there have been few reports of the molecular epidemiology of VP isolates from asymptomatic seafood handlers. Here, we report the phenotypic and genetic characterization of 61 VP isolates obtained from asymptomatic workers in two seafood-processing plants. We found 24 O:K serotypes, of which O11:KUT, O1:KUT and O3:KUT were the dominant serotypes. Analysis by PCR showed that 12 isolates harbored either tdh or trh genes with the potential to be pathogenic VP strains. The presence of T3SS2α and T3SS2β genes was correlated with the presence of tdh and trh, respectively. Four tdh+ isolates were positive for pandemic marker. In this study, VP isolates were commonly resistant to ampicillin, cephazolin, fosfomycin and novobiocin. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1680 loci in 35 isolates from 17 asymptomatic workers, 6 gastroenteritis patients, 7 environmental samples and 5 genomes from a database showed 22 different alleles. Gene VP1680 was conserved in tdh+ isolates and pandemic strains, while that of trh + isolates was diverse. Asymptomatic workers carrying VP were the most likely source of contamination, which raises concerns over food safety in seafood-processing plants.
Carbon-dependent growth, community structure and methane oxidation performance of a soil-derived methanotrophic mixed culture
Authors: Praeg Nadine , Schachner Iris , Schuster Lisa , Illmer Paul 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Soil-borne methane-oxidizing microorganisms act as a terrestrial methane (CH4) sink and are potentially useful in decreasing global CH4 emissions. Understanding the ecophysiology of methanotrophs is crucial for a thorough description of global carbon cycling. Here, we report the in situ balance of soils from abandoned landfills, meadows and wetlands, their capacities to produce and oxidize CH4 at laboratory-scale and the isolation of a soil-borne methanotrophic-heterotrophic mixed culture that was used for carbon (C1 and C2) feeding experiments. We showed that even with similar soil properties, the in situ CH4 balance depends on land-use. Different soils had different potentials to adapt to increased CH4 availability, leading to the highest CH4 oxidation capacities for landfill and wetland soils. The most efficient mixed culture isolated from the landfill was dominated by the methanotrophs Methylobacter sp. and Methylosinus sp., which were accompanied by Variovorax sp. and Pseudomonas sp. and remained active in oxidizing CH4 when supplied with additional C-sources. The ratios between type I and type II methanotrophs and between methanotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria changed when C-sources were altered. A significant effect of the application of the mixed culture on the CH4 oxidation of soils was established but the extent varied depending on soil type.
The within-host evolution of antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Castro Rhastin A D , Borrell Sonia , Gagneux Sebastien 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Tuberculosis (TB) has been responsible for the greatest number of human deaths due to an infectious disease in general, and due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in particular. The etiological agents of human TB are a closely-related group of human-adapted bacteria that belong to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Understanding how MTBC populations evolve within-host may allow for improved TB treatment and control strategies. In this review, we highlight recent works that have shed light on how AMR evolves in MTBC populations within individual patients. We discuss the role of heteroresistance in AMR evolution, and review the bacterial, patient and environmental factors that likely modulate the magnitude of heteroresistance within-host. We further highlight recent works on the dynamics of MTBC genetic diversity within-host, and discuss how spatial substructures in patients’ lungs, spatiotemporal heterogeneity in antimicrobial concentrations and phenotypic drug tolerance likely modulates the dynamics of MTBC genetic diversity in patients during treatment. We note the general characteristics that are shared between how the MTBC and other bacterial pathogens evolve in humans, and highlight the characteristics unique to the MTBC.
Evolutionary Plasticity of Mating-Type Determination Mechanisms inParamecium aureliaSibling Species
Authors: Sawka-Gądek Natalia , Potekhin Alexey , Singh Deepankar Pratap , Grevtseva Inessa , Arnaiz Olivier , Penel Simon , Sperling Linda , Tarcz Sebastian , Duret Laurent , Nekrasova Irina , Meyer Eric 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Paramecium aurelia complex, a group of morphologically similar but sexually incompatible sibling species, is a unique example of the evolutionary plasticity of mating-type systems. Each species has two mating types, O (Odd) and E (Even). Although O and E types are homologous in all species, three different modes of determination and inheritance have been described: genetic determination by Mendelian alleles, stochastic developmental determination, and maternally inherited developmental determination. Previous work in three species of the latter kind has revealed the key roles of the E-specific transmembrane protein mtA and its highly specific transcription factor mtB: type O clones are produced by maternally inherited genome rearrangements that inactivate either mtA or mtB during development. Here we show, through transcriptome analyses in five additional species representing the three determination systems, that mtA expression specifies type E in all cases. We further show that the Mendelian system depends on functional and nonfunctional mtA alleles, and identify novel developmental rearrangements in mtA and mtB which now explain all cases of maternally inherited mating-type determination. Epistasis between these genes likely evolved from less specific interactions between paralogs in the P. aurelia common ancestor, after a whole-genome duplication, but the mtB gene was subsequently lost in three P. aurelia species which appear to have returned to an ancestral regulation mechanism. These results suggest a model accounting for evolutionary transitions between determination systems, and highlight the diversity of molecular solutions explored among sibling species to maintain an essential mating-type polymorphism in cell populations.
Relationships Between Cognitive and Driving Self-awareness in Older Drivers
Authors: Paire-Ficout Laurence , Lafont Sylviane , Hay Marion , Coquillat Amandine , Fabrigoule Colette , Chavoix Chantal 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Many older drivers incorrectly estimate their driving ability. The present study aimed to determine whether, and if so, to what extent unawareness of cognitive abilities affects self-awareness of driving ability.

Method
Two successive studies were conducted in older drivers. A cohort study investigated cognitive self-awareness and an experimental study examined driving self-awareness. In each one, self-awareness was assessed by cross-analyzing objective (respectively Trail-Making Tests A and B and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and driving performance of on-road assessment) and subjective data (responses about everyday cognitive skills and driving ability). Older drivers were then classified as being over-, correct, or underestimators. The 3 cognitive and driving self-awareness profiles were then cross-analyzed.

Results
In the cohort study, 1,190 drivers aged 70 years or older were included. The results showed that 42.7% of older drivers overestimated their cognitive ability, 42.2% estimated it correctly, and 15.1% underestimated it. The experimental study included 145 participants from the cohort. The results showed that 34% of participants overestimated, 45% correctly estimated, and 21% underestimated their driving ability. There was a significant relationship between cognitive and driving self-awareness profiles (p = .02). This overlap was more marked in overestimators.

Discussion
Significant overlap between cognitive and driving self-awareness provides useful and new knowledge about driving in the aging population. Misestimation of cognitive ability could hamper self-awareness of driving ability, and consequently self-regulation of driving. It is now crucial to develop measures that promote self-awareness of ability.
The Use of International Human Rights Law in the Universal Periodic Review
Authors: Shah Sangeeta , Sivakumaran Sandesh 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Universal Periodic Review provides a unique insight into states’ perceptions of IHRL. States issue recommendations on fulfilling human rights obligations and commitments. HRC Resolution 5/1 sets out the bases of the reviews: the UN Charter, the UDHR, human rights instruments to which the state is party and voluntary pledges and commitments. Relevant IHL is ‘take[n] into account’. Analysing the identification of these bases of review and how they have been used in the 57,685 recommendations from the first two cycles of UPR, we demonstrate states’ understanding of the term ‘human rights’ and their preferences for certain sources of law. States have not limited themselves to the bases of review in Resolution 5/1. They have used additional materials and rejected distinctions between ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ law. They have interpreted the notion of ‘human rights’ expansively but largely ignored regional human rights instruments. A body of generalised, non-specific IHRL has been recognised.
Genetic stock identification of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) along the British North Sea Coast shows prevalent long-distance migration
Authors: Bekkevold Dorte , Piper Adam , Campbell Ronald , Rippon Philip , Wright Ros M , Crundwell Charles , Wysujack Klaus , Stevens Jamie R , King R Andrew , Aarestrup Kim , Maltby Alistair 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Knowledge of migration behaviour and spatio-temporal habitat use is important for management and conservation, not least for diadromous species where population dynamics are affected by processes occurring in both freshwater and marine habitats. Sampling from a commercial capture fishery for the ecologically and economically important salmonid Salmo trutta L. we genotyped 189 single nucleotide polymorphisms and carried out genetic assignment of origin for 916 migratory sea trout sampled along ∼500 km of Britain’s North Sea coast. Population contributions to stocks showed strong geographical differences. Trout from rivers in the northern part of this coast (Tweed, Aln, Coquet, and Tyne) contributed the majority of migrants, irrespective of location, but fish from local rivers contributed to catches in most locations. Almost all (99%) trout assigned to native British populations and a large proportion (34%) of the sampled catches originated in rivers more than 100 km from capture sites, suggesting long-distance migration to be a common trait, confirming and enlarging historical trends from tagging data. Repeated sampling across years indicated short-term stability in migration patterns. Findings illustrate the scope for genetic stock identification to identify marine habitat use and monitor population-specific migration behaviours in species where stock assessment has not traditionally incorporated marine phase dynamics.
Increased Prevalence of Liver Fibrosis in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Without Viral Hepatitis Compared to Population Controls
Authors: Kirkegaard-Klitbo Ditte Marie , Bendtsen Flemming , Lundgren Jens , de Knegt Robert J , Kofoed Klaus Fuglsang , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Benfield Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Liver fibrosis is associated with poor liver-related outcomes and mortality. People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) may be at increased risk. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with liver fibrosis in PWH compared to population controls.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional cohort study comparing 342 PWH with 2190 population controls aged 50–70 years.
Transient elastography was performed and elevated liver stiffness measurement (LSM) defined as 7.6 kPa as a proxy for significant liver fibrosis. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed by logistic regression.

Results
The prevalence of elevated LSM was higher in PWH than in uninfected controls (12% vs 7%; P &lt; .01). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was independently associated with elevated LSM. In multivariate analysis, elevated LSM was associated with HIV (aOR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.17–2.88]; P &lt; .01); higher age (per decade: aOR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.81–6.18]; P &lt; .01); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (per 10 IU/L: aOR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.05–1.49]; P &lt; .01); body mass index (BMI) (per 1 kg/m2: aOR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.05–1.29]; P &lt; .01), and previous exposure to didanosine (per year: aOR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.01–5.06]; P = .04).

Conclusions
The prevalence of elevated LSM was higher in PWH compared to population controls. Higher age, BMI, ALT, previous exposure to didanosine, and positive HIV status were independently associated with higher odds of elevated LSM.