bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Single-Molecule Long-Read Sequencing and Illumina sequencing reveals the resistance mechanism in response to barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV in Psathyrostachys huashanica
Authors: Shen Chuan , Wei Caiyan , Li Jingyuan , Zhang Xudong , Wu Yunfeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Even though Psathyrostachys huashanica has great potential and promising prospects for resistance gene mining and molecular genetic breeding and a significant germplasm resource value, there is not yet a reference genome available. To date, most of the studies of P. huashanica have focused on the creation of translocation lines and addition lines as well as the development of molecular markers. Therefore, there is a great lack of research at the transcriptional level.Results: The full-length transcriptome of P. huashanica was sequenced using PacBio isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) of a pooled RNA sample derived from roots, stems, buds and leaves in equal amounts to explore potential full-length transcript isoforms. A total of 112,596 unique transcript isoforms were obtained, with a total length of 114,957,868 base pairs (bp). Illumina sequencing reads were used to correct and trim PacBio isoforms. In total, 103,875 unigenes were annotated with at least one functional database. In addition, a mass of DEGs involved in BYDV-GAV defence were identified; most of these resistance related genes showed gene ontology (GO), and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mostly involved in the response to plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signalling pathway. Then, twenty resistance-related upregulated genes, including MAPKs, CRPKs, CDPKs, PR proteins, WRKYs and disease resistance proteins were selected for RNA-seq data validation using quantitative real-time PCR, which showed consistencies between these two sets of data. Besides, the results also indicated that a series of defense-related genes were induced during BYDV-GAV infection at different stages.Conclusions: The full-length transcriptome dataset should contribute to improved P. huashanica stress resistance gene utilisation, and will serve as a reference database for the analysis of transcript expression in P. huashanica. In addition, we identified genes in our transcriptome dataset involved in the regulation of the BYDV-GAV infection response in P. huashanica.
High-performance AlGaN double channel HEMTs with improved drain current density and high breakdown voltage
Authors: Zhang Yachao , Wang Zhizhe , Xu Shengrui , Zhang Jincheng , Hao Yue 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this work, for the first time, AlGaN double channel heterostructure is proposed and grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and high-performance AlGaN double channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are fabricated and investigated. The implementation of double channel feature effectively improves the transport properties of AlGaN channel heterostructures. On one hand, the total two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density is promoted due to the double potential wells along the vertical direction and the enhanced carrier confinement. On the other hand, the average 2DEG density in each channel is reduced, and the mobility is elevated resulted from the suppression of carrier-carrier scattering effect. As a result, the maximum drain current density (Imax) of AlGaN double channel HEMTs reaches 473 mA/mm with gate voltage of 0V. Moreover, the superior breakdown performance of the AlGaN double channel HEMTs is also demonstrated. These results not only show the great application potential of AlGaN double channel HEMTs in microwave power electronics, but also develops a new thinking for the studies of group III nitride based electronic devices.
Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Tan Jing , He Guolin , Qi Yana , Yang Hongmei , Xiong Yiquan , Liu Chunrong , Wang Wen , Zou Kang , Lee Andy H. , Liu Xinghui , Sun Xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The current evidence about anemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains elusive in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of anemia and IDA and their risk factors in Chinese pregnant women. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional survey of pregnant women was conducted during their antenatal visits. Using a multi-stage sampling method, 24 hospitals from 16 provinces across China were selected. Structured questionnaires were administered to collect information from participants and to extract clinical data from electronic medical records. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed to determine the risk factors associated with anemia and IDA. Results: In total, 12,403 pregnant women were enrolled, including 1,018 (8.2%) at the first trimester, 3,487 (28.1%) at the second, and 7,898 (63.7%) at the third. Overall, 19.8% of women were diagnosed with anemia and 13.9% were diagnosed with IDA. The prevalence of anemia and IDA varied between regions and increased by gestational month, peaking at the eighth gestational month (24.0% for anemia and 17.8% for IDA). Pregnant women at advanced stage of gestation, non-local residents, multiple gestations, multiparity, pre-pregnancy underweight, and those experiencing severe nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, were associated with higher risks of anemia and IDA. Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia and IDA during pregnancy is high and varies across regions in China, particularly for women at their second and third trimesters. Interventions are needed to improve the condition during pregnancy. Keywords : anemia, iron deficiency anemia, prevalence, risk factors, cross-sectional survey
Communication of advance care planning decisions: a retrospective cohort study of documents in general practice
Authors: Panozzo Laura , Harvey Pam , Adams Meagan-Jane , O'Connor Dennis , Ward Bernadette 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Doctors, particularly general practitioners, play a significant role in assisting patients to create advance care plans. These documents are important tools to ensure that the end-of-life care a patient receives is in alignment with their personal preferences. Despite this, little is known regarding the availability of these documents in hospitals. The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of people who died in hospital without an advance care plan and how many of these had advance care planning (ACP) documents in their general practice records. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patient hospital records in a large regional Australian hospital with a catchment population in excess of 300,000. The study sample was patients aged 75 years and over who died in the hospital between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017. The hospital records of these patients were examined to identify those which did not have a system alert for ACP documents on the file. Alerted ACP documents were limited to those legislated in the state of Victoria: advance care plan, Enduring Power of Attorney (Medical Treatment) or Enduring Power of Guardianship. Where no ACP document system alert was found in the hospital record, the corresponding general practice file was examined. Data were tested for normality and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the 406 patients who died in hospital, 76.1% (309) did not have a system alert for any ACP document. 144 corresponding general practice records of the 309 hospital files without a system alert were examined. Of these, 14.6% included at least one ACP document, and four patients had an advance care plan that was not available in hospital. Conclusions Unless ACP documents are consistently communicated from general practice, advance care plans may go unreferenced during end-of-life care. It is important that both doctors and patients are supported to use connected electronic health records to ensure that documents are readily available to healthcare staff when they are required.
Interrelation between Defensive Mechanisms and Coping Strategies in Psychiatry Trainees in Romania: A Multi-Centric Study
Authors: Panfil Anca-Livia , Frandes Mirela , Nirestean Aurel , Hurmuz Marinela , Lungeanu Diana , Cristanovici Madalina , Lemeti Laura , Isac Andra , Papava Ion , Bredicean Cristina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background The challenges that a professional face when working in the field of psychiatry require the development of adequate defensive and coping styles. Aims To explore the coping strategies, the defense mechanisms and their relationship among psychiatry trainees in Romania. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine and to evaluate both defensive and coping styles of Romanian psychiatry trainees. DSQ-60 and COPE scales were applied to psychiatry trainees from five training centers in Romania. By applying structural equation modeling, we studied models that presumed the existence of relationships between coping strategies and defensive mechanisms. Results The results of the study indicate that defense mechanisms and task-oriented coping style were the commonly used approach by trainees in psychiatry. In addition, our findings show significantly consistent correlations (ranging from 0.2 to 0.5) between adaptive defense mechanisms and coping styles focused on the problem, or on the emotion. Similarly, the avoidant coping strategies correlated with defense styles that are not adaptive (correlations between 0.3 and 0.5). Our model presented good fit indices, X2(34) = 50.519, p < 0.001; GFI = 0.93; RMSE = 0.08. Moreover, the results indicated a weak association, r = 0.01, p < 0.001, between the two types of adaptive processes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that trainees in psychiatry present aprofile based on two independent groups of adaptation processes, namely, adaptive defenses and problem-oriented coping scales, and non-adaptive defenses and avoidant coping scales.
Diagnosing Sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Denny Kerina , Lindell-Innes Ross , Heffernan Aaron , Paterson David L. , Mcnamara John F , Lipman Jeffrey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. In the intensive care unit (ICU), organ dysfunction is common. The challenge lies in determining when organ dysfunction can be attributed to infection. We aimed to retrospectively determine what proportion of patients commenced on antibiotics for presumed sepsis in a mixed ICU had blood-culture positive sepsis, blood-culture negative sepsis, or an aseptic mimic.Methods: One hundred antibiotic naïve ICU patients who were clinically deemed to have an infection were enrolled. Retrospective interpretation of clinical history, biochemical, and microbiological data was performed by three clinicians from the fields of intensive care and infectious disease who aimed to differentiate infective from non-infective insults.Results: There was good interrater reliability amongst clinician assessors using this approach (Krippendorf’s alpha 0.868) for the retrospective diagnosis of infection. In the examined cohort, 35 percent of patients met the criteria of blood culture positivity and an additional 41 percent of patients were assessed as having probable blood culture negative sepsis. Twenty-four percent of patients were retrospectively determined to not have had sepsis.Conclusions: Misdiagnosis of infection as a cause for organ dysfunction in the ICU is common. The false attribution of organ dysfunction to infection in the ICU has significant clinical and research implications, and highlights the need for accurate point-of-care sepsis diagnostic tools.
Scarce Health Human Resource Wastage: No work for South African Audiologists? A descriptive Survey Study.
Authors: Hlayisi Vera-Genevey 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: In the last decade, there has been an increase in the number of unemployed health professionals in South Africa. Since the economic downfall following the international financial crisis in 2008, unemployment rates in South Africa have since been increasing and have to date reached 29.1%, the highest in the last 11 years. The current study sought to identify the challenges in obtaining and maintaining employment for audiologists in South Africa. Methods: A descriptive online survey design was used. Participants were recruited online through professional association webpages using the snowball sampling technique. All qualified audiologists registered with the Health Professionals Council of South Africa were eligible to participate. Results: A total of 219 audiologists responded to the survey however only 132 complete responses were collected. Only the results from the 132 completed questionnaires were included in the analysis. Majority of the participants (89%) were female, between the ages 25 to 34 (67%). In the first-year post-graduation, 16% of the participants were unemployed and this increased to 19% in the second-year post-graduation. In the majority (81%) of employed participants, it is worth noting that up to a fifth (19%) were working within non-audiology fields. Employment characteristics of those working in audiology fields (n=107) show that most participants were working within the public health sector (47%) and based in clinical settings (52%). The most common workplace challenges reported were remuneration (37%) followed by lack of resources (18%), workload (18%), work environment (10%), working hours (9%) and lastly, interprofessional relationships (8%). Conclusion: In South Africa, u p to 16% of audiologists are unemployed in their first-year post-graduation and this increases to 19% in the second-year post-graduation. This study’s findings are the first to document the unemployment rate of newly graduated hearing healthcare professionals in South Africa. These findings have potential to influence critical discourse on hearing healthcare human resource policies and planning, hearing healthcare labour market needs and capacity as well as hearing healthcare context and potential for growth in the South African context. Keywords: unemployment, human-resources, healthcare, audiology, economy
The time spent sitting does not always mean a low level of physical activity.
Authors: Matusiak-Wieczorek Ewelina , Lipert Anna , Kochan Ewa , Jegier Anna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The problem of spending most of the day in a sitting position concerns all people, regardless of their age. Unfortunately, this trend is more and more often observed among young people. The aim of the study was to assess self-reported physical activity and time spent sitting among students of different fields of health related faculty.Methods: The study group included 216 students (22.3±1.8 years of age) of the Medical University of Lodz: physiotherapy students (n=101), pharmacy students (n=73), and dietetics students (n=42). The time spent sitting and physical activity level were assessed based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long version. Results: The time spent sitting among health related faculty students was on average more than 46 hours a week (2781.8±1238.5 MET-minutes/week). Regarding all the students the pharmacy students spent most time sitting (3086.0±1032.1 MET-minutes/week), while the dietetics students spent the least (2215.7±1230.1 MET-minutes/week). Taking into account the physical activity level almost 65% of all the students were in a high category (mainly physiotherapy students). Only 1.4% of all the surveyed students were classified as the low physical activity category. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences ( P = 0.6880) between the time spent sitting and level of physical activity among all students.Conclusions: Students of medical universities spend too much hours on sitting, mostly 5-8 hours a day. Despite this, they undertake various activities due to which their level of physical activity is moderate or even high. Therefore, it cannot be unequivocally stated that there is a relationship between the time spent sitting and physical activity level.
Optimising medication management in children and young people with ADHD using a computerised test (QbTest): a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Williams Laura , Hall Charlotte L , Brown Sue , Guo Boliang , James Marilyn , Franceschini Matilde , Clarke Julie , Selby Kim , Vijayan Hena , Kulkarni Neeta , Brown Nikki , Sayal Kapil , Hollis Chris , Groom Madeleine J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) should be closely monitored to ensure optimisation. There is growing interest in using computerised assessments of ADHD symptoms to support medication monitoring. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy of one such computerised assessment, the Quantified Behavior (Qb) Test, as part of medication management for ADHD.Methods: This feasibility multi-site RCT conducted in child and adolescent mental health and community paediatric settings recruited participants aged 6-15 years diagnosed with ADHD starting stimulant medication. Participants were randomised into one of two arms: Experimental (QbTest protocol); participants completed a QbTest at baseline and two follow-up QbTests on medication (2-4 weeks and 8-10 weeks later). Control; participants received treatment-as-usual, including at least two follow-up consultations. Measures of parent, teacher and clinician-rated symptoms and global functioning were completed at each time-point. Clinicians recorded treatment decision-making and health economic measures were obtained. Data were analysed using multi-level modelling and participants (children and parents) and clinicians were interviewed about their experiences, resulting data were thematically analysed.Results: Forty-four children and young people were randomised. Completion of study outcome measures by care-givers and teachers ranged from 52-78% at baseline to 47-65% at follow-up. Participants reported the questionnaires to be useful to complete. SNAP-IV inattention scores showed greater reduction in the intervention than the control group (-5.85, 95%CI -10.33, -1.36, p=0.01). Engagement with the intervention ranged from 100% at baseline, to 78% follow-up 1 and 57% follow-up 2. However, only 37% of QbTests were conducted in the correct time period. Interview data highlighted that the objectivity of the QbTest was appreciated by clinicians and parents. Clinicians commented that the additional time and resources required meant that it is not feasible to use QbTest for all cases.Conclusion: The trial design and protocol appear to be feasible and acceptable, but could be improved by modifying QbTest time periods and the method of data collection. With these changes the protocol may be appropriate for a full trial. Adding QbTest may improve symptom outcome as measured by SNAP-IV.Trial registration: Prospectively registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03368573, 11th December 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03368573) and retrospectively with ISRCTN (ISRCTN69461593, 10th April 2018, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN69461593).
Prostaglandin insert Dinoprostone versus trans-cervical balloon catheter for out-patient labour induction: A randomised controlled trial of feasibility (PROBIT-F)
Authors: Bhide Amarnath , McCourt Christine , Barrett Barbara , Cupples Georgina , Coates Rose , Goode Rosie , Linton Sandra , Sedgwick Philip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe aim was to assess the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of induction of labour comparing use of two methods in the out-patient setting.MethodsAn open-label feasibility RCT was conducted in two UK maternity units from October 2017 to March 2019. Women aged ≥16 years, undergoing Induction of labour (IoL) at term, with intact membranes and deemed suitable for out-patient IoL according to local guidelines were considered eligible. They were randomised to cervical ripening balloon catheter (CRB) or vaginal Dinoprostone (Propess). The participants completed a questionnaire and a sub-group underwent detailed interview. Health economics data were collected. Women who declined to participate were also requested to complete a decliners’ questionnaire.ResultsDuring the study period 274 eligible women were identified. 230 (83.9%) were approached for participation of whom 84 (36.5%) agreed. Of these, 38 were randomised to Propess (n=20) and CRB (n=18). The intended sample size of 120 was not reached due to restrictive criteria for suitability for out-patient IoL. The intervention as randomised was received by 29/38 (76%) women. Five of the 29 participants could not go home after intervention. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was observed in 9/20 (45%) women in the Dinoprostone group, and 11/18 (61%) women in the CRB group. Severe maternal adverse events were recorded in one woman in each group. All babies were born with good condition (5-minute Apgar score >7) and all except one (37/38, 97.4%) remained with the mother after delivery. No deaths were recorded.Full health economics data were available for 36 out of the 38 participants. 21% of women in the Dinoprostone group were re-admitted prior to diagnosis of active labour compared to 12% in the CRB group. The patient questionnaire was complete and available for analysis for 37/38 (97.4%) women. Interviews were undertaken for 21/38 women.ConclusionsA third of the approached eligible women agreed for randomisation. An RCT is not feasible using existing criteria and further modifications to the eligibility criteria for out-patient IoL would be needed to reach sufficient numbers in the current service context.
Association of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin content with metabolic syndrome among Kazakhs in Xinjiang
Authors: Hao Hao , Guo Heng , Ma Ru-lin , Yan Yi-zhong , Hu Yun-hua , Ma Jiao-long , Zhang Xiang-hui , Wang Xin-ping , Wang Kui , Mu La-ti , Song Yan-peng , Zhang Jing-yu , He Jia , Guo Shu-xia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against the metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for the MS. However, the results are inconsistent, and there are few cohort studies.Methods: Using an ambispective cohort study, 565 Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China were selected as the study subjects. The serum bilirubin and transaminase levels of the subjects were divided into quartiles, and their relationships with MS and its components were analyzed. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria.Results: The average follow-up time for the subjects was 5.72 years. 204 subjects had MS, the cumulative incidence was 36.11%, and the incidence density was 63.10/1000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of MS. Compared to the lowest quartile level (Q1), the hazard ratios of MS for levels of TBIL at the Q2-Q4 quartile were: 0.408 (0.266-0.626), 0.374 (0.244-0.572), and 0.328 (0.216-0.500) while IBIL at Q2-Q4 level showed an MS hazard ratio of 0.572 (0.374-0.875), 0.432 (0.283-0.659), 0.434 (0.289-0.653), all at a 95% confidence level. In addition, TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with increased blood pressure, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels, and their highest TBIL quartile risk (Q4) was 0.479, 0.484, and 0.498 times higher than the lowest quartile (Q1).Conclusion: Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with MS and its components (blood pressure, waist circumference and triglycerides).