bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gefäß(endo)protheseninfektionen: Erfahrungen und Lehren aus 8 Jahren prospektiver Begleitung der VASGRA-Kohorte am Universitätsspital Zürich
Authors: Mayer Dieter O. , Hasse Barbara 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungGefäß(endo)protheseninfektionen (GEPI) nach offener Chirurgie oder nach interventioneller Behandlung sind gefürchtete Komplikationen mit weitreichenden Konsequenzen für die betroffenen Patienten. Die Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsraten des heute immer noch weitgehend gültigen Goldstandards, nämlich die radikale Prothesenentfernung mit in-situ oder extraanatomischer Rekonstruktion, teilweise kombiniert mit plastisch-chirurgischer Deckung, sind generell hoch. 2013 initiierten wir am Universitätsspital Zürich (USZ) deshalb die prospektive Vascular-Graft-(VASGRA)-Kohortenstudie mit dem Ziel, generell vorhandene Unsicherheiten und Unklarheiten bezüglich GEPI zu erforschen und einen allgemeingültigen Managementpfad für GEPI Szilagyi Grad 3 bzw. Samson Grad 3–5 zu entwickeln. Der neue Ansatz bestand darin, extra- und intrakavitäre GEPI mit einem möglichst minimal-invasiven, die Prothese erhaltenden oder teilerhaltenden Konzept unter lokaler NPWT multidisziplinär zu behandeln und zu erforschen. Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt haben wir umfassende Informationen zu 180 prospektiven Patienten mit GEPI in der Datenbank. Die Indexoperationen bei diesen Patienten mit nachgewiesenem GEPI waren Operationen der thorakalen Aorta (55), Operationen der abdominalen Aorta und/oder Iliakalarterien (92) und infrainguinale Gefäßoperationen (33). Die zensurierte 2‑Jahresmortalität der intrakavitären GEPI beträgt 25 %, diejenige der extrakavitären GEPI ist, nicht signifikant, leicht darunter. Die durch einen GEPI direkt bedingte Langzeit-Mortalität in der VASGRA-Kohortenstudie beträgt 8 %. Zur niedrigen Kurz- und Langzeitmortalität beigetragen haben unserer Ansicht nach das von Beginn weg gelebte multidisziplinäre Gesamtkonzept und neu gewonnene Erkenntnisse der Bildgebung und mikrobiologischen Diagnostik.
Towards environmentally sound intensification pathways for dairy development in the Tanga region of Tanzania
Authors: Notenbaert An , Groot Jeroen C.J. , Herrero Mario , Birnholz Celine , Paul Birthe K. , Pfeifer Catherine , Fraval Simon , Lannerstad Mats , McFadzean Jamie N. , Dungait Jennifer A.J. , Morris Joanne , Ran Ylva , Barron Jennie , Tittonell Pablo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe gap between milk demand and domestic supply in Tanzania is large and projected to widen. Meeting such demand through local production of affordable milk presents an opportunity to improve the welfare of producers and market agents through the income and employment generated along the value chain (VC). Efforts to maximize milk yields, production and profitability need to be balanced with long-term sustainability. We combined environmental and economic ex-ante impact assessments of four intervention scenarios for two production systems in the Tanzanian dairy VC using the CLEANED model and an economic feasibility analysis. Intervention scenarios propose increases in milk production through (i) animal genetic improvement, (ii) improved feed, (iii) improved animal health and (iv) a package combining all interventions. Results show that economically feasible farm-level productivity increases of up to 140% go hand-in-hand with increased resource-use efficiency and up to 50% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensities. Absolute increases in water, land and nitrogen requirements in mixed crop-livestock systems call for careful management of stocks and quality of these resources. An overall rise in GHG emissions is expected, with a maximum of 53% increase associated with an 89% increase in milk supply at VC level. The CLEANED tool proved effective to evaluate livestock interventions that improve incomes and food security with minimal environmental footprint. Here, our simulations suggest that due to current low productivity, the greatest efficiency gains in combination with relatively low increases in total GHG emissions can be made in the extensive agro-pastoral dairy systems, which represent the majority of herds.
Post-graduation Plans of Undergraduate BME Students: Gender, Self-efficacy, Value, and Identity Beliefs
Authors: Patrick Anita , Borrego Maura , Riegle-Crumb Catherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study investigates career intentions and students’ engineering attitudes in BME, with a focus on gender differences. Data fromn = 716 undergraduate biomedical engineering students at a large public research institution in the United States were analyzed using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Results revealed five clusters of intended post-graduation plans:Engineering Job and Graduate School, Any Job, Non-Engineering Job and Graduate School, Any Option,andAny Graduate School.Women were evenly distributed across clusters; there was no evidence of gendered career preferences. The main findings in regard to engineering attitudes reveal significant differences by cluster in interest, attainment value, utility value, and professional identity, but not in academic self-efficacy. Yet, within clusters the only gender differences were women’s lower engineering academic self-efficacy, interest and professional identity compared to men. Implications and areas of future research are discussed.
Divergent controls on carbon concentration and persistence between forests and grasslands of the conterminous US
Authors: Heckman K. A. , Nave L. E. , Bowman M. , Gallo A. , Hatten J. A. , Matosziuk L. M. , Possinger A. R. , SanClements M. , Strahm B. D. , Weiglein T. L. , Rasmussen C. , Swanston C. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVariation in soil organic C (%OC) concentration has been associated with the concentration of reactive Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxide phases and exchangeable Ca, with the relative importance of these two stabilizing components shifting as soil pH moves from acid to alkaline. However, it is currently unknown if this pattern is similar or different with regard to measures of soil C persistence. We sampled soils from 3 horizons (uppermost A, uppermost B, C or lowest B horizons) across a pH gradient of 11 grass-dominated and 13 deciduous/mixed forest-dominated NEON sites to examine similarities and differences in the drivers of C concentration and persistence. Variation in C concentrations in all soils could be linked to abundances of Fe, Al and Ca, but were not significantly linked to variation in soil C persistence. Though pH was related to variation in Δ14OC, higher persistence was associated with more alkaline pH values. In forested soils, depth explained 75% of the variation in Δ14OC (p < 0.0001), with no significant additional correlations with extractable metal phases. In grasslands, soil organic C persistence was not associated with exchangeable Ca concentrations, but instead was explained by depth and inorganic C concentrations (R2 = 0.76,p < 0.0001), implying stabilization of organic C through association with carbonate precipitation. In grasslands, measures of substrate quality suggested greater persistence is also associated with a more advanced degree of decomposition. Results suggest that explanatory variables associated with C concentrations differ from those associated with persistence, and that reactive Fe- and Al-oxyhydroxide phases may not be present in high enough concentrations in most soils to offer any significant protective capacity. These results have significant implications for our understanding of how to model the soil C cycle and may suggest previously unrecognized stabilization mechanisms associated with carbonates and forms of extractable Si.
Bladder cancer stage and mortality: urban vs. rural residency
Authors: Deuker Marina , Stolzenbach L. Franziska , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Nocera Luigi , Tian Zhe , Roos Frederik C. , Becker Andreas , Kluth Luis A. , Tilki Derya , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Chun Felix K.H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Relative to urban populations, rural patients may have more limited access to care, which may undermine timely bladder cancer (BCa) diagnosis and even survival.

Methods
We tested the effect of residency status (rural areas [RA < 2500 inhabitants] vs. urban clusters [UC ≥ 2500 inhabitants] vs. urbanized areas [UA, ≥50,000 inhabitants]) on BCa stage at presentation, as well as on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other cause mortality (OCM), according to the US Census Bureau definition. Multivariate competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted after matching of RA or UC with UA in stage-stratified analyses.

Results
Of 222,330 patients, 3496 (1.6%) resided in RA, 25,462 (11.5%) in UC and 193,372 (87%) in UA. Age, tumor stage, radical cystectomy rates or chemotherapy use were comparable between RA, UC and UA (all p > 0.05). At 10 years, RA was associated with highest OCM followed by UC and UA (30.9% vs. 27.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.01). Similarly, CSM was also marginally higher in RA or UC vs. UA (20.0% vs. 20.1% vs. 18.8%, p = 0.01). In stage-stratified, fully matched CRR analyses, increased OCM and CSM only applied to stage T1 BCa patients.

Conclusion
We did not observe meaningful differences in access to treatment or stage distribution, according to residency status. However, RA and to a lesser extent UC residency status, were associated with higher OCM and marginally higher CSM in T1N0M0 patients. This observation should be further validated or refuted in additional epidemiological investigations.
The Indeterminacy of the Distinction between Objects and Ways of Being
Authors: De Rizzo Julio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFew if any distinctions are more easily recognisable and assented to than that between objects, that is, things which are some ways, and that which they are, that is, ways for objects to be (‘ways of being’ for short). In this paper I present an argument designed to show that this distinction is indeterminate in the sense that the truth-conditions of predicational sentences leave open what should count as an object and a way of being. The bulk of the argument is inspired by the celebrated permutation argument advanced by Quine, Wallace, Putnam and others.
The Brief Strategic Treatment of Cardiophobia: A Clinical Case Study
Authors: Pietrabissa Giada , Rozzoni Federica , Liguori Flavia , Cerruto Antonella , Giusti Emanuele Maria , Malfatto Gabriella , Munforti Carlotta , De Martin Martina , Giglio Alessia , Facchini Mario , Castelnuovo Gianluca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany individuals presenting to medical settings with heart-related symptoms for which no medical explanation is found might suffer from cardiophobia, but this condition is still poorly identified and addressed. This article presents a case of cardiophobia treated in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation unit and, for the first time, describes the application of brief strategic therapy for the treatment of this condition. In the case reported, the first therapeutic encounter and the key elements of the strategic approach are described in detail with the aim to explain how brief strategic therapy works and how it can be used to identify and address cardiophobia-related behaviors. A 64-year-old male presented to cardiac rehabilitation reporting intense anxiety-provoking heart palpitations, and believing he was at risk of dying from a heart attack. After 3 sessions, an overall improvement in heart-related bodily sensations followed a decrease in the patient’s continuous checking of his heartbeat and seeking reassurance—factors that were largely responsible for the persistence of the problem. Moreover, quantitative evaluation showed increased scores of mood state at the end of treatment. This improvement persisted at the 18-month follow-up. This case is an interesting example of how brief strategic therapy can contribute to the development of a new conceptual model for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiophobia. Still, more systematic research in the field is needed to prove the efficacy and effectiveness of this therapeutic approach on symptoms of heart-focused anxiety.
Preparation and Characterization of Films Based on Disintegrated Bacterial Cellulose and Montmorillonite
Authors: Sommer Agata , Staroszczyk Hanna , Sinkiewicz Izabela , Bruździak Piotr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe food packaging materials from natural polymers including polysaccharides offer an ecologically important alternative to commonly used synthetic, non-biodegradable counterparts. The purpose of this work was to modify of bacterial cellulose (BC) leading to the improvement of its functional properties in terms of use as a food packaging material. Effects of disintegration of BC and addition of montmorillonite (MMT) on its water barrier, mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. Disintegration of BC increased its water vapour permeability (WVP) and thermal stability, but decreased its tensile strength (σ). These changes were closely related to the rearrangement of hydrogen-bond network in the BC structure, resulting in a partial conversion from the Iα to Iβ allomorph. The addition of 2% of MMT did not affect WVP and σ of the disintegrated BC (bBC), while the plasticization of the modified bBC generally decreased WVP, and did not increase σ. The improvement in water barrier properties of bBC modified by adding 2% of MMT in the presence of glycerol was caused by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the components of the composite. The results presented show the potential usefulness of BC modified by disintegration and adding 2% of MMT and 10–15% of glycerol as a food packaging material.
Functional Central Limit Theorems for Occupancies and Missing Mass Process in Infinite Urn Models
Authors: Chebunin Mikhail , Zuyev Sergei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the infinite urn scheme when the balls are sequentially distributed over an infinite number of urns labeled 1,2,... so that the urnjat every draw gets a ball with probability$$p_j$$pj, where$$\sum _j p_j=1$$∑jpj=1. We prove functional central limit theorems for discrete time and the Poissonized version for the urn occupancies process, for the odd occupancy and for the missing mass processes extending the known non-functional central limit theorems.
Polygenic Risk for Major Depression Interacts with Parental Criticism in Predicting Adolescent Depressive Symptom Development
Authors: Nelemans Stefanie A. , Boks Marco , Lin Bochao , Oldehinkel Tineke , van Lier Pol , Branje Susan , Meeus Wim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch has focused more and more on the interplay between genetics and environment in predicting different forms of psychopathology, including depressive symptoms. While the polygenic nature of depressive symptoms is increasingly recognized, only few studies have applied a polygenic approach in gene-by-environment interaction (G × E) studies. Furthermore, longitudinal G × E studies on developmental psychopathological properties of depression are scarce. Therefore, this 6-year longitudinal community study examined the interaction between genetic risk for major depression and a multi-informant longitudinal index of critical parenting in relation to depressive symptom development from early to late adolescence. The sample consisted of 327 Dutch adolescents of European descent (56% boys; Mage T1 = 13.00, SDage T1 = 0.44). Polygenic risk for major depression was based on the Hyde et al. (Nature Genetics, 48, 1031–1036, 2016) meta-analysis and genetic sensitivity analyses were based on the 23andMe discovery dataset. Latent Growth Models suggested that polygenic risk score for major depression was associated with higher depressive symptoms across adolescence (significant main effect), particularly for those experiencing elevated levels of critical parenting (significant G × E). These findings highlight how polygenic risk for major depression in combination with a general environmental factor impacts depressive symptom development from early to late adolescence.
Scripted Reality: How Observers Make Sense of a Non-consensual Sexual Encounter
Authors: Mulder Eva , Olsohn Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch on third party reactions to (transgressive) sexual encounters has frequently bypassed the question of how observers categorize such encounters as normal sexual experience, sexual violence, or potentially as something else. In the present study, we investigated the ways in which participants made sense of a nonconsensual sexual encounter between a man (i.e., the initiating party) and either a male or a female student (i.e., the targeted party). We specifically focused on how participants utilized sexual scripts and gender stereotypes to describe what happened and as a means of attributing responsibility to the actors. Using the Articulated Thoughts in Simulated Situations (ATSS) technique, 52 Dutch participants (26 men and 26 women) responded aloud to a vignette. Data were analyzed using discourse analysis as employed in discursive psychology. The findings demonstrated that participants constructed the event described in the vignette as normal while depicting the targeted party as abnormal and accountable. Participants strategically employed sexual scripts and gender stereotypes to describe the event as predictable and not serious and the initiating party’s actions as in little need of explanation. The targeted party was positioned as detached from this “objective reality” and was held accountable for neither following nor sufficiently breaking with the script. In consequence, the event was rendered nonthreatening. Our results illustrated the ways in which predominant discourses influence interpretations of encounters as transgressive or “just” sex, having important implications for those who seek to share their experiences of sexual violation.
Your word against mine: the power of uptake
Authors: McDonald Lucy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUptake is typically understood as the hearer’s recognition of the speaker’s communicative intention. According to one theory of uptake, the hearer’s role is merely as a ratifier. The speaker, by expressing a particular communicative intention, predetermines what kind of illocutionary act she might perform. Her hearer can then render this act a success or a failure. Thus the hearer has no power over which act could be performed, but she does have some power over whether it is performed. Call this the ratification theory of uptake. Several philosophers have recently endorsed an alternative theory of uptake, according to which the hearer can determine the nature of the act the speaker performs. According to this theory, if the hearer regards an utterance as illocutionary act y, then it is act y, even if the speaker intended to perform act x. Call this the constitution theory of uptake. The purported advantage of this theory is that it identifies a common but underanalysed way in which speakers can be silenced. I argue that despite its initial intuitive pull, the constitution theory of uptake should be rejected. It is incompatible with ordinary intuitions about speech, it entails a conceptual impossibility (the unintentional exercise of normative powers), and it has unsavoury political implications, entailing that marginalised speakers barely qualify as agents.
Review of Huang-huai sheep, a new multiparous mutton sheep breed first identified in China
Authors: Quan Kai , Li Jun , Han Haoyuan , Wei Hongfang , Zhao Jinyan , Si HA , Zhang Xinji , Zhang Daojiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuang-huai sheep are a new multiparous mutton sheep breed that has been cultivated by domestic scientific research institutes, governments, and sheep farms in China. Huang-huai sheep were bred using Dorper sheep as a sire and Small-tailed Han sheep as a dam. The breeding of Huang-huai sheep started in 2003, and three stages have been carried out: crossbreeding innovation, fixation in a two-way-crossbred closed flock, and herd propagation. A pilot test of Huang-huai sheep was conducted on 6 sheep farms from 2017 to 2018, and hereditary properties and production performance were evaluated in 2019. Huang-huai sheep were identified on site by the National Livestock and Poultry Resources Committee of China in December 2019 and approved as a new multiparous mutton sheep breed in China. The genetic distance showed that Huang-huai sheep are most closely related to Dorper sheep, Luxi black-headed sheep, and Small-tailed Han sheep, but the genetic distances are subspecies (0.02–0.20) each other. The body weights of adult Huang-huai sheep are 98.1 ± 5.2 kg (♂) and 71.7 ± 3.5 kg (♀), and those of 6-month-old Huang-huai sheep are 58.50 ± 6.55 kg (♂) and 52.45 ± 5.67 kg (♀). The slaughter rates of 6-month-old sheep are 56.02 ± 1.25% (♂) and 53.19 ± 1.19% (♀). The estrus cycle of Huang-huai sheep is 19.32 ± 2.8 days, the first estrus cycle occurs at 168 ± 12 days, the annual lambing rate of ewes is 252.82% ± 10.69%, the survival rate of lambs is 95.79 ± 0.95%, and the number of weaned lambs per ewe per year is 2.38 ± 0.14. The growth performance, carcass quality, and reproductive performance of Huang-huai sheep have been improved, resulting in considerable economic and social benefits and broader market prospects. This breed represents a new multiparous mutton sheep breed adapted for industrial sheep farms in China.
Web Data Mining: Validity of Data from Google Earth for Food Retail Evaluation
Authors: de Menezes Mariana Carvalho , de Matos Vanderlei Pascoal , de Pina Maria de Fátima , de Lima Costa Bruna Vieira , Mendes Larissa Loures , Pessoa Milene Cristine , de Souza-Junior Paulo Roberto Borges , de Lima Friche Amélia Augusta , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira , de Oliveira Cardoso Letícia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo overcome the challenge of obtaining accurate data on community food retail, we developed an innovative tool to automatically capture food retail data from Google Earth (GE). The proposed method is relevant to non-commercial use or scholarly purposes. We aimed to test the validity of web sources data for the assessment of community food retail environment by comparison to ground-truth observations (gold standard). A secondary aim was to test whether validity differs by type of food outlet and socioeconomic status (SES). The study area included a sample of 300 census tracts stratified by SES in two of the largest cities in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. The GE web service was used to develop a tool for automatic acquisition of food retail data through the generation of a regular grid of points. To test its validity, this data was compared with the ground-truth data. Compared to the 856 outlets identified in 285 census tracts by the ground-truth method, the GE interface identified 731 outlets. In both cities, the GE interface scored moderate to excellent compared to the ground-truth data across all of the validity measures: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy (ranging from 66.3 to 100%). The validity did not differ by SES strata. Supermarkets, convenience stores and restaurants yielded better results than other store types. To our knowledge, this research is the first to investigate using GE as a tool to capture community food retail data. Our results suggest that the GE interface could be used to measure the community food environment. Validity was satisfactory for different SES areas and types of outlets.