bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Portable Ultrasound vs Portable X-Ray as Diagnostic Imaging of Knee Structures in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Wajid Samira Abdul , Ahmed Samith , Devera Vaugn , Dickerson Devin , Thompson Austin , Villela Julia 
Published: August 2020

Background: Imaging techniques are providing physicians an opportunity to ensure more accurate diagnostics. While MRI and CT are the gold standard diagnostic tools, they are not utilized as primary diagnostic tools due to their size, immobility, and exposure to radiation. It is not always feasible or practical to wait for a technician in an emergency department to conduct these examinations. As technology continues to advance, diagnostic tools are becoming more portable. X-ray and ultrasound are utilized to diagnose, as well as exclude potential causes of illness. Our objective is to determine which diagnostic tool is more efficient in diagnosing patella/knee injuries.
Methods: This systematic review aims to determine which diagnostic tool is more efficient at diagnosing injuries. By collecting and reviewing existing research to compare the limitations of injury detection, the accessibility and portability of both diagnostic machines, the safety in regards to radiation exposure to patient and physician, the reliability of the diagnoses, and the costs of each machine
Results: Of the reviewed articles, 58% of the articles focusing on knee injuries indicated that ultrasound imaging is a superior diagnostic instrument due to its efficacy and accessibility. When comparing ultrasound to x-ray directly, it was shown that ultrasound is a more precise diagnostic tool.
Conclusion: Ultrasound imaging is a more effective diagnostic tool than x-ray. It is better able to diagnose bone, soft tissue, and vessel injuries. It is a safer tool for both the patient and the physician because it uses sound rather than radiation to produce an image. It is also more accessible as advances in technology have made portable ultrasounds a protocol for quick assessments of injuries.
Assessment of Atherogenic Indices and Markers of Cardiac Injury in Albino Rats Orally Administered with Tartrazine Azo Dye
Authors: Iroh Geraldine , Weli Benita Oyoburuoma , Adele Uyota Anthony , Briggs Ojoye Ngoye , Waribo Helen Anthony , Elekima Ibioku 
Published: August 2020

Aim: Assess the effect of tartrazine azo dye on atherogenic indices and markers of cardiac injury in albino rats.
Study Design: A total number of 63 rats were used for the study. The study was divided into two phases, 1 and 2, which lasted for 30 and 60 days respectively. Phase 1 had 35 rats, 20 as test and 15 as control, while phase 2 had 28 rats, 16 as test and 12 as control. In each phase the test groups were given 7.5mg/kg of tartrazine orally on daily basis over the stipulated period while the control groups were not treated with tartrazine.
Methodology: At the end of the study, 5ml of whole blood was collected from the jugular veins into Lithium Heparin bottles. The sample was spun, plasma collected and analyzed for cardiac Troponin I (cTn-I) and cardiac Troponin T (cTn-T), Total creatinekinase (CK), creatinekinase MM (CK-MM), and creatinekinase MB (CK-MB). Lipid parameters like total cholesterol (TC), High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and Triglyceride (TG) which were also analysed. Atherogenic indices such as atherogenic coefficient (AC), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Non High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (nHDL-C), and castelli risk indices 1 and 2 (CRI-1 and CRI-2) were also calculated. In addition, cardiac tissues were collected, fixed in 10% formol saline and examined histologically using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.02.
Results: The results obtained indicate significant increases in nHDL-C, total CK and cTn-T after 30 and 60 days of treatment with tartrazine at ADI doses against controls. Other atherogenic indices such as AIP, AC, CRI-1 and CRI-2 as well as markers of cardiac injury such as cTn-I and CK-MB indicated non-significant increases.
Conclusion: Orally administered tartrazine over a 60 day period induced cardiac injury as shown by the significant increase in the cTn-T and total CK as well as hypertrophied nuclei of cardiomyocytes. This goes to say chronic administration of tartrazine even at the recommended daily dose could pose the risk of cardiovascular disease. This is also supported by an increase in nHDL cholesterol.
Evaluation of Some Cytokines, CD4, Hepcidin, Iron Profile and Some Haematological Parameters of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Coinfected with HIV in Southeast of Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi Obeagu, Emmanuel , N. Esimai, Bessie , Uzoma Obeagu, Getrude , O.M.T.B. Ochiabuto, , Ejike Felix Chukwurah , , Stella Ekelozie, Ifeoma , Chinedum Ochei , Kingsley 
Published: August 2020

The study was done to determine the levels of interferon-gamma, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, iron status, hepcidin and haematological parameters of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Southeast, Nigeria. This study was carried out at the directly observed treatment-short course Tuberculosis (TB DOTS) centre of Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, located in South-Eastern Nigeria. Therefore, sample size of 240 was used to give room for attrition. A total of two hundred and forty (240) subjects aged 18-60 years were enlisted for this study. Seven milliliters (7ml) of venous blood was collected from each subject and 2.5 ml was dispensed into bottles containing di-potassium salt of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (K2-EDTA) and was used for full blood count, CD4 count and HIV screening. Also, 4.5ml was dispensed into plain tubes. Serum was obtained after clotting by spinning at 3000 RPM for 10 minutes and was used for interferon gamma, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10, iron and hepcidin determination. Data was analysed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. Student t-test, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Pearson Product Moment and Chi-Square were the tools employed. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and are presented in table and significance level was set at P<0.05.The results showed difference that was statistically significant (P<0.05) in IFN-γ (P=0.000), IL-6 (P=0.000) IL-10 (P=0.000), CD4 (P=0.000), hepcidin (P=0.000), Iron (P=0.000), TIBC (P=0.000), %TSA (P=0.001) ,WBC (P=0.000), Neutrophils (P=0.000), Lymphocyes (P=0.000), Monocytes (P=0.000), Eosinophils (P=0.000), Basophils (P=0.018), RBC (P=0.000), haemoglobin (P=0.000), PCV (P=0.000), MCV (P=0.000), MCH (P=0.000), MCHC (P=0.000), Platelets (P=0.000), ESR (P=0.000) when compared among control, TB, HIV and TB-HIV subjects respectively. The co infection of HIV on pulmonary TB patients increases the levels of the cytokines. The cytokines and hepcidin can be used as adjunct to prognostic and diagnostic markers as their levels decreased with increased duration of treatment of the patients. The study has shown wide variations in the haemtological indices studied.
MicroRNAs miR-1 and miR-206 Regulate Monocarboxylate Transporter-4 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Khaleel Anas , AlEjielat Rowan , Batarseh Cristina I. , Elbakkoush Abdallah Ahmed , Tarkhan Amneh , Mahdi Aiman , Batarseh Yazan S. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most common cancer type in males and the second most occurring in females. The role of microRNA (miRNA) in the development of colorectal cancer is not fully elucidated. Therefore, understanding the mechanistic interaction between miRNA and their target oncogenes may hold great importance as a possible target for interventional anticancer therapy.
Aims: To identify miRNAs that are part of the regulating pathway of Monocarboxylate Transporter-4 (MCT4) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) oncogenes.
Study Design: We used publicly available prediction tools (e.g. TargetScan, MicroCosm, PicTar, and DIANA-microT-CDS) to identify the possible miRNA that target the two oncogenes.
Methodology: We used the GeneMania database to visualize the network and verify gene names and remove ambiguity and duplications. Furthermore, we used miRTarBase database to identify experimentally validated targets which we used to further confirm miRNA-oncogene relationships. Finally, we utilized miR-Mfold web-tool to further visualize the circular structures and the simulated miR-1 and miR-206 targeting arrangements.
Results: We found two putative miRNA (miR-1 and miR-206) that may downregulate MCT4 coded by SLC16A3 gene and VEGF which is coded by VEGF gene. We found relationships between the validated target genes of miR-1 and miR-206 through GeneMania which we extracted from the literature. And we elucidated the proposed structure of these two miRNAs through miR-Mfold web-tool.
Conclusion: Our results elucidated a novel regulation pathway in CRC cells and may suggest a potential therapeutic approach for CRC therapy. MiR-1 and miR-206 may help cells go to apoptosis and inhibit the angiogenesis of colorectal cancer cells by down-regulation of MCT4 and VEGF proteins in tumor tissues.
Study of Lipid Profile in Metabolic Syndrome Patients
Authors: Karam Pinky , Shanthi B. , Selvi Kalai 
Published: August 2020

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a group of metabolic abnormalities in which the chance of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease are high.
Aim: It aims at studying the lipid abnormalities in metabolic syndrome patients.
Methods: Total of 100 metabolic syndrome patients were selected for study over a period of 1year. These patients were selected based on the criteria for metabolic syndrome as established by National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Demographic data were taken and biochemical parameters were estimated by standard guideline.
Results: Total cholesterol is significantly higher in very high risk (272.1 ± 8.591) compared to high risk (241.2 ± 3.901) and moderate risk (231.5 ± 4.498). TGL is significantly higher in very high risk (263.9 ± 13.70) compared to high risk (202.1 ± 6.531) and moderate risk (183.7 ± 7.650). HDL is almost same in very high risk (43.09 ± 1.533), high risk (40.44 ± 0.996) and moderate risk (42.53 ± 1.088). LDL is significantly higher in very high risk (177.9 ± 4.255) and high risk (169.4 ± 3.190) compared to moderate risk (155.7 ± 3.098). VLDL is significantly higher in very high risk (52.78 ± 2.739) compared to high risk (40.43 ± 1.306) and moderate risk (36.73 ± 1.530). CHO: HDL is significantly higher in very high risk (6.648 ± 0.366) compared to moderate risk (5.560 ± 0.207). High risk (6.060 ± 0.156) is not significantly different from very high risk and moderate risk. Thus, TC, TGL, LDL, VLDL, and CHO: HDL is significant as p value < 0.05 while HDL did not have any significance as p value > 0.05.
Conclusion: In this study, high prevalence of dyslipidaemia is seen. So, timely diagnosis and treatment will help in detecting dyslipidaemia patients in future.
Epidemiology of Bacterial Contamination of Inert Hospital Surfaces and Equipment in Critical and Non-critical Care Units: A Brazilian Study
Authors: Rodrigues Dayane Otero , Peixoto Laís da Paixao , Barros Erica Tatiane Mourao , Guimaraes Julianne Rodrigues , Gontijo Bruna Clemente , Almeida Jaisa Leite , Azevedo Lucas Guimaraes de , Lima Julia Cristina Oliveira e , Camara Deyse Silva 
Published: August 2020

Aims: The hospital environment is an important reservoir of microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant pathogens, which can cause in-patient contamination and healthcare-related infections. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of bacterial contamination (contaminated sites, pathogen species and their antimicrobial susceptibility, and identifying of multidrug-resistant microorganisms - MDR) of inert hospital surfaces and medical equipment in two public hospitals in Northern Brazil.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 243 samples (n = 208, from Hospital A; and n = 35, from Hospital B) collected by friction with humidified swabs from inert surfaces and equipment. Sequentially the samples were cultivated and bacterial species were identified by culture-based methods and tested for their susceptibility through agar diffusion assay according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: Most inert surfaces and equipment analyzed presented bacterial contamination (95.5%). Staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogen of clinical significance detected both in Hospital A (61.8%) and B (68.6%). Hospital A showed higher rates of isolated MDR bacteria than Hospital B, especially in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, which included methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (52.7%), Enterobacteria resistant to 4th generation cephalosporins (19.4%), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2.8%).
Conclusion: The failures in the control of bacterial contamination of inert surfaces and equipment in the two hospitals analyzed reinforce the need for a revised protocol for cleaning and disinfection of the inert surfaces and equipment, and for regulation of antibiotic dispensing, mainly in the AICU of Hospital A, which was found to be a reservoir of MDR pathogens.
Blood coagulation changes in pregnant women at risk of developing preeclampsia
Authors: Savelieva G.M. , Efimov V.S. , Grishin V.L. , Shalina R.I. , Kashezheva A.Z. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: A group of 50 pregnant patients were studied with regard to the time of onset of hypercoagulation, its character and mechanisms of initiation in the development of preeclampsia. Methods: The blood coagulation characteristics, antithrombin (AT)‐III and endogenous heparin levels were studied. All of the patients were designated at risk of developing preeclampsia at the time of registration at the antenatal clinic. Results: Retrospective evaluation shows that endogenous heparin levels and AT‐III activity decreased by nearly 50% within 15 days of the development of preeclampsia and were particularly low 1–7 days before the onset of clinical signs of preeclampsia. Conclusions: These findings indicate that abnormalities in AT activity are a marker of hypercoagulation and begin more than 2 weeks before the development of clinical signs of preeclampsia.
Risk factors for pre‐eclampsia in an Asian population
Authors: Lee C.‐J. , Hsieh T.‐T. , Chiu T.‐H. , Chen K.‐C. , Lo L.‐M. , Hung T.‐H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To identify the risk factors for pre‐eclampsia in an Asian population. Method: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 29 375 Taiwanese women who delivered between July 1990 and September 1998, excluding pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension or fetal malformations. Result: Four hundred and fifteen women had pre‐eclampsia (1.4%). Women who had a history of pre‐eclampsia (OR 6.3, 95% CI 4.4, 9.2), multiple gestation (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.4, 5.5), a prepregnancy BMI>24.2 kg/m2 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.8, 3.1), were>34 years of age (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4), nulliparous (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2, 1.5), had urinary tract infection (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5, 15.8), or worked during pregnancy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4) were at increased risk of pre‐eclampsia. Conclusion: Some of the risk factors for pre‐eclampsia among Asian women are the same as those of other ethnic groups, whereas some of the risk factors are different.
Lessons learned from the PMM Network experience
Authors: Kamara A 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFor eight years, the Prevention of Maternal Mortality (PMM) Network in West Africa designed, implemented and evaluated projects to reduce barriers to care for women with obstetric complications. Many valuable lessons were learned concerning program development and implementation. A multidisciplinary approach enabled the Network to address the various aspects of the problem; collaboration between teams encouraged the sharing of resources and experiences; and collaboration with government and communities enhanced project sustainability. Capacity building through long‐term, systematic technical support resulted in a Network of proficient researchers. Existing human and material resources were utilized to enhance the feasibility and sustainability of projects — a strategy that could be adopted in other developing countries. Cost‐tracking was used as a management and evaluation tool. The collective experience of the Network offers guidance for program planners and researchers working on maternal mortality in developing countries. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Small fetal size: a risk factor for breech birth at term
Authors: Roberts C.L. , Algert C.S. , Peat B. , Henderson‐Smart D. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To examine fetal size as a risk factor for breech birth at term. Methods: Singleton breech or cephalic births of gestational age ≥37 weeks in New South Wales (NSW), Australia from 1990 to 1996 were analyzed. Birthweight percentile was used as a measure of fetal size at the time of birth. Factors associated with breech birth at term were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: There were 18 914 singleton breech and 540 164 cephalic births in the study period. The important independent predictors of breech birth at term were advancing maternal age, primiparity, female sex and small size for gestational age. Infants <10th percentile had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.33 (95% CI 1.28–1.38) for breech birth at term compared with 25th–75th percentile infants. Conclusions: Breech birth at term was associated with smaller fetal size for gestational age. This was shown directly through an association with birthweight‐for‐gestational‐age percentiles and indirectly through association with female sex, primiparous birth and congenital anomalies.
JIT purchasing and performance: an exploratory analysis of buyer and supplier perspectives
Authors: Dong Yan , Carter Craig R , Dresner Martin E 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this exploratory analysis, a model is developed and tested to determine whether the use of JIT purchasing reduces logistics costs for both suppliers and buyers. The results indicate that JIT purchasing directly reduces costs only for buyers. An indirect path, however, was found between JIT purchasing and logistics costs for suppliers. To the extent that JIT purchasing may result in suppliers adopting JIT manufacturing techniques, then suppliers too can benefit, at least indirectly, from JIT purchasing.
Genetic loci influencing natural variations in femoral bone morphometry in mice
Authors: Drake Thomas A. , Hannani Kambiz , Kabo J. Michael , Villa Veronica , Krass Kelly , Lusis Aldons J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study identifies genetic loci affecting femoral bone length and width measures in mature mice. Sixteen month old female F2 progeny of a C57BL/6J and DBA/2J intercross were examined for femur length and width of the femoral head, intertrochanteric region and three locations of the diaphysis using digitized images of femur radiographs obtained in the anterior‐posterior and lateral projections. A genome wide linkage map was constructed using microsatellite markers at an average density of 20 cM, and quantitative trait locus analysis used to identify regions of the genome showing linkage with the traits measured. Femur length showed significant linkage with loci on proximal chromosome 3 (lod 6.1), and suggestive linkage with a locus on chromosome 14. A major locus on mid‐chromosome 7 controlled width of the diaphysis (lod 6.8). Other loci were identified on chromosomes 2 and 4. Width at the intertrochanteric region had suggestive linkage with loci on chromosomes 6 and 19. No loci were found with linkage for width of the femoral head. Candidate genes related to bone development or metabolism are present at most of these loci. These findings show that genetic regulation of femoral bone morphology is complex, and are consistent with the distinct biologic processes that control longitudinal and lateral growth of the femur. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
No evidence for systolic or diastolic left ventricular dysfunction at rest in selected patients with long‐term Type I diabetes mellitus
Authors: Romanens Michel , Fankhauser Simon , Saner Brigitte , Michaud Lil , Saner Hugo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe assessed left ventricular systolic and diastolic function using pulsed‐waved Doppler echocardiography in a selected group of 20 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) (mean age, 35±8 years; mean diabetes duration, 17±7 years). Our patients were free of autonomic neuropathy and major micro‐ or macrovascular complications and had no evidence of ischemic heart disease or hypertension. The results were compared with those of 20 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. We found that left ventricular geometry and mass, systolic function by M‐mode and 2D‐echocardiography, isovolumetric relaxation time, deceleration time and the PEP/LVET ratio were not significantly different between patients and control subjects. Hemodynamic parameters were also not significantly different except for a slightly higher heart rate in the patient group (75±11 vs. 68±6 bpm, P=0.019). After correction of A‐peak velocities for differences in heart rate, there was no significant difference of Doppler indices of diastolic left ventricular function between patients and control subjects. The absence of significant left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction by Doppler echocardiography in our study patients may be explained by our patient selection. Left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients without concomitant hypertensive or ischemic heart disease may only occur in conjunction with microvascular disease in other organ systems, with autonomic neuropathy or with poor metabolic control.