bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the fatigue behaviour of cellulose/polyolefin composites using photo-chemical fibre surface modification bio-inspired by natural role models
Authors: Müssig Jörg , Kelch Milan , Gebert Beate , Hohe Jörg , Luke Michael , Bahners Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on the knowledge that plant structures often have graded stiffness transitions between strengthening elements and the surrounding matrix, which result in good damping behaviour and high toughness of the plant structure, the fatigue behaviour of composites made from rayon fibre and polypropylene (PP) as a matrix could be enhanced by photochemical surface modification of the regenerated cellulose fibres. The surface modification was achieved by deposition of UV-polymerized organic thin layers using pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) as the monomer. It has been shown earlier that the photochemical modification yields a decrease in wettability of the highly hydrophilic and water adsorbing viscose fibres and an increase in their affinity towards non-polar substances, thus promoting fibre-matrix adhesion. The presented experiments proved that the distinguished mechanical properties of the deposited layer structure also mimic the graded transition and provide good damping and fatigue behaviour superior to either untreated rayon/PP or rayon/maleic anhydride-modified PP composites.
A comparison of measures to validate scales in voting advice applications
Authors: Bruinsma Bastiaan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVoting advice applications (VAAs) are online tools providing voting advice to their users. This voting advice is based on the match between the answers of the user and the answers of several political parties to a common questionnaire on political attitudes. To visualize this match, VAAs use a wide array of visualisations, most popular of which are the two-dimensional political maps. These maps show the position of both the political parties and the user in the political landscape, allowing the user to understand both their own position and their relation to the political parties. To construct these maps, VAAs require scales that represent the main underlying dimensions of the political space. This makes the correct construction of these scales important if the VAA aims to provide accurate and helpful voting advice. This paper presents three criteria that assess if a VAA achieves this aim. To illustrate their usefulness, these three criteria—unidimensionality, reliability and quality—are used to assess the scales in the cross-national EUVox VAA, a VAA designed for the European Parliament elections of 2014. Using techniques from Mokken scaling analysis and categorical principal component analysis to capture the metrics, I find that most scales show low unidimensionality and reliability. Moreover, even while designers can—and sometimes do—use certain techniques to improve their scales, these improvements are rarely enough to overcome all of the problems regarding unidimensionality, reliability and quality. This leaves certain problems for the designers of VAAs and designers of similar type online surveys.
Insight into selection of appropriate formulation for colloidal gas aphron (CGA)-based drilling fluids
Authors: Pasdar Mohsen , Kazemzadeh Ezatallah , Kamari Ehsan , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein , Soleymani Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApplication of light-weight drilling fluids is essential to develop depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. Recently, colloidal gas aphron (CGA)-based fluids have been introduced for such applications due to their ability in controlling fluid losses. In this work, a comprehensive experimental study was performed to choose the best formulation for CGA fluids by implementing static stability tests, rheological behavior measurements, and bubble size analyses of CGAs. Xanthan gum polymer and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), an anionic surfactant, and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, were utilized to prepare CGAs. For the range of experiments conducted, the performance of CGA fluids prepared with SDBS was improved by increasing the polymer and surfactant concentrations. However, for CTAB, it was improved by an increase in the polymer concentration and a decrease in the surfactant concentration. The formation of white, long hair-like precipitates observed at high levels of CTAB caused CGA fluid to become rapidly unstable. Also, it was observed that the size of CGAs was significantly influenced by the polymer and surfactant concentrations. The most stable bubbles were formed at 6.86 g/L of polymer concentration. The results of this study provide insights into appropriate formulation for CGA-based fluids which could be potentially applicable in drilling operations.
A Systematic Review of Behaviour-Related Outcome Assessments for Children on the Autism Spectrum with Intellectual Disabilities in Education Settings
Authors: Howell Melanie , Bradshaw Jill , Langdon Peter E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA systematic review was completed to identify assessments used with children with intellectual disabilities to assess adaptive behaviour, challenging behaviour and autism-related behaviour and consider their appropriateness for use by special education teachers with autistic pupils. The findings of this review led to the recommendation that the Pervasive Development Disorder Behavior Inventory, Aberrant Behavior Checklist, Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist and the Teacher Autism Progress Scale are currently the most appropriate assessments for these purposes, although some limitations of these assessments exist. Additional recommendations included teacher input during the development of robust assessments to show progress for autistic children with intellectual disabilities and further evaluation of commonly used assessments with an appropriate sample in a relevant education setting.
To Buy or Not to Buy? The Moral Relevance of the Individual Demand in Everyday Purchase Situations
Authors: Gesang Bernward , Ullrich Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe question of the moral relevance of the individual demand is fundamental to many purchase decisions of daily consumer life. Can a single purchase make a difference for the better or worse? Each individual consumer could argue that companies are unlikely to adjust their production due to one single item more or less being sold. He might therefore decide not to change his consumption behavior but instead to rely on the effort of others, a pattern commonly referred to as collective action problem. In this article, we study collective action problems with regard to everyday purchase situations. We base our discussion on Shelly Kagan’s famous article “Do I make a difference?” and critically discuss a central assumption of his model: the symmetric relationship between supply and demand. We find that Kagan’s solution to collective action problems is not true a priori but has to be evaluated in certain empirical surroundings. We therefore discuss the approach in the context of the European meat market and demonstrate that Kagan’s argument does not provide a universal solution to cases of meat purchasing. We conclude with an outlook regarding the role of consumer ethics.
Undergraduate Student Concerns in Introductory STEM Courses: What They Are, How They Change, and What Influences Them
Authors: Meaders Clara L. , Lane A. Kelly , Morozov Anya I. , Shuman J. Kenny , Toth Emma S. , Stains Marilyne , Stetzer MacKenzie R. , Vinson Erin , Couch Brian A. , Smith Michelle K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductory STEM courses represent entry points into a major, and student experiences in these courses can affect both their persistence and success in STEM disciplines. Identifying course-based student concerns may help instructors detect negative perceptions, areas of struggle, and potential barriers to success. Using an open-response survey question, we identified 13 common concerns expressed by students in introductory STEM courses. We converted these student-generated concerns into closed-ended items that were administered at the beginning and middle of the semester to students in 22 introductory STEM course sections across three different institutions. Students were asked to reflect on each item on a scale from very concerned to not concerned. A subset of these concerns was used to create a summary score of course-based concern for each student. Overall levels of student concern decreased from the first week to the middle of the semester; however, this pattern varied across different demographic groups. In particular, when controlling for initial concern and course grades, female students held higher levels of concern than their peers. Since student perceptions can impact their experiences, addressing concerns through communication and instructional practices may improve students’ overall experiences and facilitate their success.
Children’s Sociability in Institutional Contexts: Theoretical Reflections on Cognitive Development Within Peer Interactions
Authors: Ferreira Juliene Madureira , Moura Gabriella Garcia , de Melo Mieto Gabriela Sousa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHuman beings are constituted through the presence and actions of others whom they encounter during the course of their lives. We are constituted by all the interactions we enact in different social contexts and through all the meanings we create together about the experiences we share. Therefore, in order to understand the ontogenesis of cognition, one must understand how meanings are constructed with the others we encounter. A substantial amount of research has addressed how infants and toddlers—when in interaction with adults—are able to understand others’ actions and engage in social dynamics by coordinating and regulating adults’ actions. This knowledge has advanced the field of developmental psychology significantly. However, not many efforts have been made to understand the origins of social cognition via peer interactions or explore how peer interactions constitute cognitive development. In this theoretical article, we use the microanalysis of three peer interaction episodes to discuss how the constitutive role of peer experiences can be analysed beyond isolated individual processes. The encounter, the situation and the social and relational process are used as a unit of analysis. This analytical approach considers the contributions and insights provided by the enactive theory, which offers a perspective to understand the processes of cognitive development in interactive experiences.
Electron irradiation induced aging effects on radiative recombination properties of quadruple cation organic-inorganic perovskite layers
Authors: Aversa Pierfrancesco , Ӧz Senol , Jung Eunhwan , Plantevin Olivier , Cavani Olivier , Ollier Nadège , Bourée Jean-Eric , Geffroy Bernard , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Mathur Sanjay , Corbel Catherine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the role of defects in hybrid organic inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) is critically important to engineer the stability and performance of photovoltaic devices based on HOIPs. Recent reports on multi-cation compositions of general formula (A1,A2,A3,A4)Pb(X1,X2,X3)3, where the A sites can be occupied by a distribution of 2–4 metallic/organic cations and X sites with halide anions have shown stabilization effects against the well-known methyl ammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3), although the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. Herein, polycrystalline layers of 4APb(IBr)3 perovskite, where A is occupied by a combination of Cs+ (cesium ion), GA+ (guanidinium), MA+ (methylammonium), and FA+ (formamidinium) ions were synthesized. To gain insight on the role of intrinsic defects, electron irradiation was used for introducing point defects in a controlled way in the quadruple-cation HOIPs. Our results show that the engineered defects in perovskites strongly influenced the absorption, photoluminescence, and time-resolved photoluminescence of these materials, probably due to introduction of additional energy levels that modify electronic and light emitting properties of the material. Furthermore, the irradiation-induced defects were found to strongly affect the aging behavior of HOIPs and modify their radiative recombination properties.
Limit theorems for process-level Betti numbers for sparse and critical regimes
Authors: Owada Takashi , Thomas Andrew M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the asymptotic behavior of Betti numbers of Čech complexes treated as stochastic processes and formed from random points in the d-dimensional Euclidean space
${\mathbb{R}}^d$
. We consider the case where the points of the Čech complex are generated by a Poisson process with intensity nf for a probability density f. We look at the cases where the behavior of the connectivity radius of the Čech complex causes simplices of dimension greater than
$k+1$
to vanish in probability, the so-called sparse regime, as well when the connectivity radius is of the order of
$n^{-1/d}$
, the critical regime. We establish limit theorems in the aforementioned regimes: central limit theorems for the sparse and critical regimes, and a Poisson limit theorem for the sparse regime. When the connectivity radius of the Čech complex is
$o(n^{-1/d})$
, i.e. the sparse regime, we can decompose the limiting processes into a time-changed Brownian motion or a time-changed homogeneous Poisson process respectively. In the critical regime, the limiting process is a centered Gaussian process but has a much more complicated representation, because the Čech complex becomes highly connected with many topological holes of any dimension.
Transient analysis for exponential time-limited polling models under the preemptive repeat random policy
Authors: De Haan Roland , Al Hanbali Ahmad , Boucherie Richard J. , Van Ommeren Jan-Kees 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPolling systems are queueing systems consisting of multiple queues served by a single server. In this paper we analyze two types of preemptive time-limited polling systems, the so-called pure and exhaustive time-limited disciplines. In particular, we derive a direct relation for the evolution of the joint queue length during the course of a server visit. The analysis of the pure time-limited discipline builds on and extends several known results for the transient analysis of an M/G/1 queue. For the analysis of the exhaustive discipline we derive several new results for the transient analysis of the M/G/1 queue during a busy period. The final expressions for both types of polling systems that we obtain generalize previous results by incorporating customer routeing, generalized service times, batch arrivals, and Markovian polling of the server.
An elementary derivation of moments of Hawkes processes
Authors: Cui Lirong , Hawkes Alan , Yi He 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHawkes processes have been widely used in many areas, but their probability properties can be quite difficult. In this paper an elementary approach is presented to obtain moments of Hawkes processes and/or the intensity of a number of marked Hawkes processes, in which the detailed outline is given step by step; it works not only for all Markovian Hawkes processes but also for some non-Markovian Hawkes processes. The approach is simpler and more convenient than usual methods such as the Dynkin formula and martingale methods. The method is applied to one-dimensional Hawkes processes and other related processes such as Cox processes, dynamic contagion processes, inhomogeneous Poisson processes, and non-Markovian cases. Several results are obtained which may be useful in studying Hawkes processes and other counting processes. Our proposed method is an extension of the Dynkin formula, which is simple and easy to use.
QTc prolongation after haloperidol administration in critically ill patients post cardiovascular surgery: A cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Ibrahimi Burbuqe , Boettger Soenke , Schubert Maria , Bettex Dominique , Rudiger Alain 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveFrom case reports, haloperidol administration has been associated with QTc prolongation, torsades de pointes, and sudden cardiac death. In a vulnerable population of critically ill patients after cardiac surgery, however, it is unclear whether haloperidol administration affects the QTc interval. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of haloperidol in low doses on this interval.MethodThis retrospective cohort study was performed on a cardio-surgical intensive care unit (ICU), screened 2,216 patients and eventually included 68 patients with delirium managed with oral and intravenous haloperidol. In this retrospective analysis, electrocardiograms were taken prior and within 24 h after haloperidol administration. The effect of haloperidol on QTc was determined with a Person correlation, and inter-group differences were measured with new long QT comparisons.ResultsIn total, 68 patients were included, the median age was 71 (64–79) years and predominantly male (77%). Haloperidol administration followed ICU admission by three days and the cumulative dose was 4 (2–9) mg. As a result, haloperidol administration did not affect the QTc (r = 0.144, p = 0.23). In total, 31% (21/68 patients) had a long QT before and 27.9% (19/68 patients) after haloperidol administration. Only 12% (8/68 patients) developed a newly onset long QT. These patients were not different in the route of administration, cumulative haloperidol doses, comorbidities, laboratory findings, or medications.Significance of resultsThese results indicated that low-dose intravenous haloperidol was safe and not clinically relevant for the development of a newly onset long QT syndrome or adverse outcomes and support recent findings inside and outside the ICU setting.
Cognitive therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder following critical illness and intensive care unit admission
Authors: Murray Hannah , Grey Nick , Wild Jennifer , Warnock-Parkes Emma , Kerr Alice , Clark David M. , Ehlers Anke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Around a quarter of patients treated in intensive care units (ICUs) will develop symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the dramatic increase in ICU admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians are likely to see a rise in post-ICU PTSD cases in the coming months. Post-ICU PTSD can present various challenges to clinicians, and no clinical guidelines have been published for delivering trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy with this population. In this article, we describe how to use cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD), a first line treatment for PTSD recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Using clinical case examples, we outline the key techniques involved in CT-PTSD, and describe their application to treating patients with PTSD following ICU.

Key learning aims

(1)
To recognise PTSD following admissions to intensive care units (ICUs).

(2)
To understand how the ICU experience can lead to PTSD development.

(3)
To understand how Ehlers and Clark’s (2000) cognitive model of PTSD can be applied to post-ICU PTSD.

(4)
To be able to apply cognitive therapy for PTSD to patients with post-ICU PTSD.
Effects of maternal hypothyroidism in the gastrointestinal system of male young offspring from Wistar rats
Authors: de Rezende Lívia Prometti , Fortunato Silva Jéssica , da Costa Victor Augusto Alves , Bispo da Silva Luiz Borges , Balbi Ana Paula Coelho 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlterations in the maternal environment may impact on the fetal development. The objective of this study was to investigate the gastrointestinal consequences of maternal hypothyroidism for the male offspring from Wistar rats. The pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (C – received water), experimental 1 [E1 – received methimazole (MMI) solution] during gestation and lactation, and experimental 2 (E2 – received MMI solution) during gestation. Maternal parameters evaluated: free T3 and T4, bodyweight variation, and water/food intake. Offspring parameters evaluated: litter size, number of male/female, free T3 and T4, stomach area, gastric ulcer susceptibility, small intestine length and weight, small intestine and distal colon motility, the stomach and intestinal weight–body weight ratio (SW/BW–IW/BW), and the accumulation of intestinal fluid. Maternal T3 and T4 from E1 were decreased when compared to the other groups. There were no differences for maternal water/food intake and weight gain, litter size, and number of males and females. Regarding to offspring, free T3, SW/BW, IW/BW, and intestinal fluid accumulation were not different between the groups, but T4 was decreased in E1. However, 30-day-old pups from E1 and E2 were smaller with lower stomach and small intestine. Even more, E1 presented a lower ulcer index when compared to the C, while E2 had a higher distal colon transit. It can be concluded that maternal hypothyroidism impaired the total body development, as well as gastric and intestinal development, besides interfering with the susceptibility to the ulcer and intestinal transit of male offspring from Wistar rats.
Adolescent depression and subsequent earnings across early to middle adulthood: a 25-year longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Philipson Anna , Alaie Iman , Ssegonja Richard , Imberg Henrik , Copeland William , Möller Margareta , Hagberg Lars , Jonsson Ulf 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Aims
The few available studies on early-onset depression and future earnings offer ambiguous findings, and potential sources of heterogeneity are poorly understood. We examined the differences in adult earnings of males and females with and without a history of depressive disorder in adolescence, with specific focuses on (1) future earnings in clinical subtypes of adolescent depression; (2) the growth and distribution of earnings over time within these subgroups and (3) the mediating role of subsequent depressive episodes occurring in early adulthood.

Methods
Data were drawn from the Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study, a community-based cohort study initiated in Uppsala, Sweden, in the early 1990s. Comprehensive diagnostic assessments were conducted at age 16–17 and in follow-up interviews 15 years later, while consecutive data on earnings for the years 1996 to 2016 (ages 20–40) were drawn from population-based registries. The current study included participants with a history of persistent depressive disorder (PDD) (n = 175), episodic major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 82), subthreshold depression (n = 64) or no depression (n = 218) in adolescence. The association of adolescent depression with earnings in adulthood was analysed using generalised estimating equations. Estimates were adjusted for major child and adolescent psychiatric comorbidities and parental socioeconomic status. The indirect (mediated) effect of depression in early adulthood (ages 19–30) on earnings in mid-adulthood (31–40) was estimated in mediation analysis. The study followed the ‘STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology’ (STROBE) guidelines.

Results
Earnings across early to middle adulthood were lower for participants with a history of a PDD in adolescence than for their non-depressed peers, with an adjusted ratio of mean earnings of 0.85 (0.77–0.95) for females and 0.76 (0.60–0.95) for males. The differences were consistent over time, and more pronounced in the lower percentiles of the earnings distributions. The association was partially mediated by recurrent depression in early adulthood (48% in total; 61% for females, 29% for males). No reduction in earnings was observed among participants with episodic MDD in adolescence, while results for subthreshold depression were inconclusive.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that future earnings of adolescents with depressive disorders are contingent on the duration and natural long-term course of early-onset depression, emphasising the need for timely and effective interventions to avoid loss of human capital.