bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mosaicism and Off Target Mutations in CRISPR-Mediated Genome Edited Bovine Embryos
Authors: Hennig Sadie L. , Owen Joseph R. , Lin Jason C. , Young Amy E. , Ross Pablo J. , Van Eenennaam Alison L. , Murray James D. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tool has the potential to improve the livestock breeding industry by allowing for the introduction of desirable traits. Although an efficient and targeted tool, the CRISPR/Cas9 system can have some drawbacks, including off-target mutations and mosaicism, particularly when used in developing embryos. Here, we introduced genome editing reagents into single-cell bovine embryos to compare the effect of Cas9 mRNA and protein on the mutation efficiency, level of mosaicism, and evaluate potential off-target mutations utilizing next generation sequencing. We designed guide-RNAs targeting three loci (POLLED, H11, and ZFX) in the bovine genome and saw a significantly higher rate of mutation in embryos injected with Cas9 protein (84.2%) vs. Cas9 mRNA (68.5%). In addition, the level of mosaicism was higher in embryos injected with Cas9 mRNA (100%) compared to those injected with Cas9 protein (94.2%), with little to no unintended off-target mutations detected. This study demonstrates that the use of Cas9 protein, rather than Cas9 mRNA, results in a higher editing efficiency in bovine embryos while lowering the level of mosaicism. However, further optimization must be carried out for the CRISPR/Cas9 system to become feasible for single-step embryo editing in a commercial system.
Biomarker-assessed passive smoking in relation to cause-specific mortality: pooled data from 12 prospective cohort studies comprising 36 584 individuals
Authors: Kvaavik Elisabeth , Tverdal Aage , Batty G. David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsWhile investigators have typically quantified the health risk of passive smoking by utilising self-reported exposure, prospective studies with objective ascertainment, which are less liable to measurement error, are rare. Using data pooling, we examined the relation of a biochemical assessment of passive smoking, salivary cotinine, with mortality from a range of causes.MethodsWe combined data from twelve cohort studies from England and Scotland initiated between 1998 and 2008. Study members were linked to national death registries. A total of 36 584 men and women aged 16 to 85 years of age reported that they were non-smoking at baseline, provided baseline salivary cotinine, and consented to mortality record linkage.ResultsA mean of 8.1 years of mortality follow-up of 36 584 non-smokers (16 792 men and 19 792 women) gave rise to 2367 deaths (775 from cardiovascular disease, 780 from all cancers, and 289 from smoking-related cancers). After controlling for a range of covariates, a 10 ng/ml increase in salivary cotinine level was related to an elevated risk of total (hazard ratios; 95% confidence interval: 1.46; 1.16, 1.83), cardiovascular (1.41; 0.96, 2.09), cancer (1.49; 1.00, 2.22) and smoking-related cancer mortality (2.92; 1.77, 4.83).ConclusionsPassive smoking assessed biomedically was a risk factor for a range of health outcomes known to be causally linked to active smoking.
Diet and physical activity during the COVID-19 lockdown period (March-May 2020): results from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort study
Authors: Deschasaux-Tanguy Mélanie , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Esseddik Younes , de Edelenyi Fabien Szabo , Allès Benjamin , Andreeva Valentina A. , Baudry Julia , Charreire Hélène , Deschamps Valérie , Egnell Manon , Fezeu Leopold K. , Galan Pilar , Julia Chantal , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Latino-Martel Paule , Oppert Jean-Michel , Péneau Sandrine , Verdot Charlotte , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundSince December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has massively spread, with overwhelming of health care systems and numerous deaths worldwide. To remedy this, several countries, including France, have taken strict lockdown measures, requiring the closure of all but essential places. This unprecedented disruption of daily routines has a strong potential for disrupting nutritional behaviours. Nutrition being one of the main modifiable risk factors for chronic disease risk, this may have further consequences for public health. Our objective was therefore to describe nutritional behaviours during the lockdown period and to put them in light of individual characteristics.Methods37,252 French adults from the web-based NutriNet-Santé cohort filled lockdown-specific questionnaires in April-May 2020 (nutritional behaviours, body weight, physical activity, 24h-dietary records). Nutritional behaviours were compared before and during lockdown using Student paired t-tests and associated to individual characteristics using multivariable logistic or linear regression models. Clusters of nutritional behaviours were derived from multiple correspondence analysis and ascending hierarchical classification.ResultsDuring the lockdown, trends for unfavourable nutritional behaviours were observed: weight gain (for 35%; +1.8kg on average), decreased physical activity (53%), increased sedentary time (63%), increased snacking, decreased consumption of fresh food products (especially fruit and fish), increased consumption of sweets, biscuits and cakes. Yet, opposite trends were also observed: weight loss (for 23%, −2kg on average), increased home-made cooking (40%), increased physical activity (19%). These behavioural trends related to sociodemographic and economic position, professional situation during the lockdown (teleworking or not), initial weight status, having children at home, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as diet quality before the lockdown. Modifications of nutritional practices mainly related to routine change, food supply, emotional reasons but also to voluntary changes to adjust to the current situation.ConclusionThese results suggest that the lockdown led, in a substantial part of the population, to unhealthy nutritional behaviours that, if maintained in the long term, may increase the nutrition-related burden of disease and also impact immunity. Yet, the lockdown situation also created an opportunity for some people to improve their nutritional behaviours, with high stakes to understand the leverages to put these on a long-term footing.
A composite control for UAV systems with time delays
Authors: Chen Tim , Dkuo Nai Jau , Chen C.Y.J. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a composite form of the robust disturbance fuzzy control scheme. The proposed method uses the beneﬁts of fuzzy system modeling and Lyapunov direct methods.

Design/methodology/approach
The effciency of the control technique was demonstrated with assistance of numerical simulation in control problems of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) simulation.

Findings
To evaluate the control performance, the comparison of the proposed controller was made with conventional control techniques. The Lyapunov stability theorem has been used to testify for asymptotic stability and convergence of the closed loop system.

Practical implications
Implementation of the control law in the real world environment can be easier due to signiﬁcant reduction in the fuzzy rules, tuning parameters and computation stages.

Originality/value
Simulation results conﬁrm that the proposed control scheme performs remarkably well in terms of the robustness and disturbance attenuation.
Influence of mechanical imperfection on the transference of Love-type waves in viscoelastic substrate overloaded by visco-micropolar composite structure
Authors: Maity Manisha , Kundu Santimoy , Kumhar Raju , Gupta Shishir 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis mathematical analysis has been accomplished for the purpose of understanding the propagation behaviour like phase velocity and attenuation of Love-type waves through visco-micropolar composite Earth’s structure.Design/methodology/approachThe considered geometry of this problem involves a micropolar Voigt-type viscoelastic stratum imperfectly bonded to a heterogeneous Voigt-type viscoelastic substratum. With the aid of governing equations of motion of each individual medium and method of separation of variable, the components of micro-rotation and displacement have been obtained.FindingsThe boundary conditions of the presumed geometry at the free surface and at the interface, together with the obtained components of micro-rotation, displacement and mechanical stresses give rise to the determinant form of the dispersion relation. Moreover, some noteworthy cases have also been extrapolated in detail. Graphical interpretation irradiating the impact of viscoelasticity, micropolarity, heterogeneity and imperfectness on the phase velocity and attenuation of Love-type waves is the principal highlight of the present study.Practical implicationsIn this study, the influence of the considered parameters such as micropolarity, viscoelasticity, heterogeneity, and imperfectness has been elucidated graphically on the phase velocity and attenuation of Love-type waves. It has been noticed from the graphs that with the rising magnitude of micropolarity and heterogeneity, the attenuation curves shift upwards, that is the loss of energy of these waves takes place in a rapid way. Hence, from the outcomes of the present analysis, it can be concluded that heterogeneous micropolar stratified media can serve as a helpful tool in increasing the attenuation or in other words, loss of energy of Love-type waves, thus reducing the devastating behaviour of these waves.Originality/valueTill date, the mathematical modelling as well as vibrational analysis of Love-type waves in a viscoelastic substrate overloaded by visco-micropolar composite Earth’s structure with mechanical interfacial imperfection remain unattempted by researchers round the globe. The current analysis is an approach for studying the traversal traits of surface waves (here, Love-type waves) in a realistic stratified model of the Earth’s crust and may thus, serves as a dynamic paraphernalia in various domains like earthquake and geotechnical engineering; exploration geology and soil mechanics and many more, both in a conceptual as well as pragmatic manner.
Authentic leadership and career satisfaction: the meditating role of thriving and conditional effect of psychological contract fulfillment
Authors: Chang Wen , Busser James , Liu Anyu 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study aims examine the impact of authentic leadership on the career satisfaction of hospitality employees through the lens of thriving. The two components of thriving, that is, learning and vitality, are tested as mediators, and psychological contract fulfillment is tested as a boundary factor.Design/methodology/approachData are collected using an online survey through the Qualtrics panel service in the USA. Structural equation modeling and an invariance test are conducted to investigate the framework.FindingsThe findings show that authentic leadership can determine career satisfaction through the influence of learning and vitality. Moreover, psychological contract fulfillment exerts a conditional effect on this mediation.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study extend the understanding on authentic leadership and its impact under specific conditions. This study offers several meaningful recommendations to hospitality managers on how to influence employees’ career success to maintain sustainable performance. Detailed approaches include establishing practices for regular and authentic leadership development, increasing attention on employee thriving states and addressing employee psychological contracts.Originality/valueThis study enriches research on authentic leadership and career management in the hospitality industry. Moreover, this study provides meaningful insights by examining the relationships between authentic leadership, thriving, career satisfaction and psychological contracts.
Retaliatory effect on whistle blowing intentions: a study of Indian employees
Authors: Kanojia Sunaina , Sachdeva Shikha , Sharma Jai Prakash 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper attempts to find the essence of whistleblowing in organizational structures, to reflect on whistleblowing mechanism and the perception of whistleblowing in the working class of a country. Whistleblowing is exhibited as one of the quintessential elements of corporate governance to prevent or detect inundating corporate frauds. This study examines the whistleblowing intentions and its precursors with the knowledge of repercussions, in context of Indian employees.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data has been analysed herein using a structured questionnaire from 396 Indian employees of public and private sector companies of India using, multiple regression analysis.FindingsIt provides evidence that personal factors like organizational commitment, locus of control impact whistleblowing intentions vary by the type of fraud the employee encounters. The study presents a case for variation of considerable extent in non-financial fraud and financial fraud. Further, the kind of organization the employee is working in is an essential antecedent for whistleblowing behaviour of an employee. It highlights higher the perceived power or status held by the wrongdoer; higher would be an employee’s intentions to blow the whistle against him.Practical implicationsIt would help managers in developing an environment which would encourage the employees by creating a self-check mechanism in the organization for improved conduct and better corporate governance. The shreds of evidence show that locus of control plays a vital role in moderating the impact of other antecedents on whistleblowing intentions of the employees.Originality/valueOrganization’s expectation from the employees to blow the whistle against wrong doing also makes the organization responsible for protecting the employee from the retaliation, which could follow after the act of whistleblowing. Also, prompts for imbibing ethical conduct throughout the organizational hierarchy.
SMEs strategic networks and innovative performance: a relational design and methodology for knowledge sharing
Authors: Vătămănescu Elena-Mădălina , Cegarra-Navarro Juan-Gabriel , Andrei Andreia Gabriela , Dincă Violeta-Mihaela , Alexandru Vlad-Andrei 
Published: June 2020

PurposeIn the context of resource scarcity, the affiliation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to strategic networks has emerged as a fruitful path towards knowledge sharing as a reaction to fierce competition and with a view to enhance their innovative performance. In this framework, this paper aims to investigate the influence exerted by a specific relational design (i.e. types of strategic networks) and methodology (i.e. channels and content) of knowledge sharing on SMEs innovative performance.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire-based survey with 102 top managers of European SMEs in the industrial field was conducted from June to August 2019 and a partial least squares structural equation modelling technique was used. The database was initially filtered to ensure the adequacy of the sample and data was analysed using the statistics software package SmartPLS 3.0.FindingsThe results concluded that the structural model explains 38.5% of the variance in SMEs innovative performance, indicating the positive effects exerted by offline and online and by competitive knowledge sharing on the dependent variable.Research implicationsThe study has both theoretical and practical implications in that it sets out a reference point for the key performance indicators for strategic networks structure, formation and development and, implicitly, for the selection of the most efficient relational design and methodology.Originality/valueThe pivotal originality elements reside in the advancement of a more comprehensive conceptual and structural model combining a two-fold operationalization of SMEs strategic networks (founded on business abilities or on the personality of the partner) and in the investigation of knowledge transfer processes at the inter-organizational levels within a context-centric approach.
Enhancing teachers' and administrators learning experiences through school–university partnerships: a qualitative case study in China
Authors: Sang Guoyuan , Zhou Jun , Muthanna Abdulghani 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis qualitative study aimed to explore how the school–university partnership (SUP) enhances the elementary teachers' professional development in a school-based setting.Design/methodology/approachBy following the qualitative case study methodology, this case study employs semi-structured interviews (the authors designed) with 10 school teachers and administrators. The authors adapted the iterative process analysis (Miles and Huberman, 1984) for compiling, coding, annotating the data and interpreting the interview transcripts. The authors also used the member checking technique that establishes credibility in a qualitative study (Lincoln and Guba, 1985) with six participants.FindingsThe findings suggest that participating in a series of professional learning activities led to the enhancement of teachers' and administrators learning experiences in view of educational theories, action research abilities, teaching efficiency, teaching research capacities and improvement of school guidelines. Further, they reveal that the participants' expectations for future SUP collaborations centred on realizing the sustainability and effectiveness of collaborations, and autonomy of teachers.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the current study include its focus on a single SUP within one school and the reliance on data collected only by interviews during the SUP process. This study offers implications for teacher learning within SUP collaborations. First, schools should consider how to involve and influence all teachers rather than SUP core members only. To this end, authentic professional learning communities need to be constructed. Second, universities should pay much more attention to the professional development of their faculty members towards integration of theoretical knowledge and practical experiences.Originality/valueThis original study explores practical ways of improving teachers' theoretical and practical teaching practices/experiences through SUP projects, and contributes new knowledge to the teaching professional development of school teachers and administrators.
School leadership during a pandemic: navigating tensions
Authors: Netolicky Deborah M. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper explores, from the perspective of an Australian pracademic, how school leaders are leading during the global COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis essay explores the tensions navigated by school leaders leading during this time of global crisis, by looking to research as well as the author's lived experience.FindingsThe author finds that school leaders are navigating the following: accountability and autonomy; equity and excellence; the individual and the collective and well-being and workload.Originality/valueThis paper offers insights into school leadership, at all times but especially during times of crisis and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authentic leadership and job satisfaction among long-term care nurses
Authors: Wong Carol , Walsh Edmund J. , Basacco Kayla N. , Mendes Domingues Monica C. , Pye Darrin R.H. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of managers’ authentic leadership, person–job match in the six areas of worklife (AWLs) and emotional exhaustion on long-term care registered nurses’ job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachA secondary analysis of baseline data from a national survey of 1,410 Canadian registered nurses from various work settings was used in this study, which yielded a subsample of 78 nurses working in direct care roles in long-term care settings. Hayes’ PROCESS macro for mediation analysis in SPSS was used to test the hypothesized model.FindingsFindings showed that authentic leadership significantly predicted job satisfaction directly and indirectly through AWLs and emotional exhaustion.Practical implicationsAuthentic leadership may provide guidance to long-term care managers about promoting nurses’ job satisfaction, which is essential to recruiting and retaining nurses to meet the care needs of an aging population.Originality/valueAs demand for care of the aged is increasing and creating challenges to ensuring a sufficient and sustainable nursing workforce, it is important to understand factors that promote long-term care nurses’ job satisfaction. Findings contribute to knowledge of long-term care nurses by suggesting that managers’ authentic leadership can positively affect nurses’ job satisfaction directly and indirectly through positive perceptions of AWLs and lower emotional exhaustion.
Assurance on CSR reports: impact on the credibility perceptions of non-financial information by bank directors
Authors: Quick Reiner , Inwinkl Petra 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to clarify whether assurance on non-financial corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports impacts the perceptions and decisions of banks as capital providers. The authors investigate the effects of the type of assurance provider and the level of assurance provided on decisions by banks to grant credit, make their own personal investments or recommend share purchases to their customers. The study aims to expand the domain of assurance on CSR reports (CSRR) by taking up a call by Cohen and Simnett (2015), who ask for behavioral research on how non-financial report’s intended users interpret and react to assurance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an experiment case on a fictitious company with a 2 × 2 + 1 between-subjects design. To overcome concerns regarding external validity and to prove results in a real-world setting, the authors selected German bank directors as subjects due to the extremely high relevance of banks to the German economy. The authors investigated the perceptions of 69 bank directors and analyzed the influence of CSR assurance on their decisions.FindingsThe findings suggest that assurance positively influences confidence in CSRR and that, consequently, bankers are more likely to make favorable decisions toward the reporting companies, such as approving applications for credit, investing themselves in the company or recommending the purchase of shares to their clients. These effects are stronger when an accounting firm provides the assurance and when the assurance level is reasonable rather than limited.Research limitations/implicationsThe arguments presented are, strictly speaking, limited to the case in the experiment and the views held by the bank directors at the time the authors sent out the questionnaires. Moreover, the cell sizes are quite small. Nevertheless, the authors were able to find highly significant results.Practical implicationsThe main implication of the paper is that the purchase of CSRR assurance services has a positive effect on bank directors’ perceptions and decisions. They favor the provision of such services by accounting firms and they prefer a reasonable assurance level. Thus, it can be concluded that bank directors perceive quality differences between assurance providers, are able to recognize the difference between reasonable and limited assurance and that the related information is relevant for their decisions.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study the influence of CSRR assurance on decisions by bank directors. The observation of a high decisions-usefulness of CSRR assurance suggests that regulators should consider mandating some form of assurance on non-financial reports throughout the EU member states.