bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current landscape of Oculocutaneous Albinism in Japan
Authors: Okamura Ken , Suzuki Tamio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism (OCA), which is roughly divided into non‐syndromic and syndromic OCA, is a group of autosomal recessive disorders caused by mutations in genes associated with pigmentation. Patients with OCA have hypopigmentation and ocular manifestations such as photophobia, amblyopia, and nystagmus. Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS), the most common syndromic OCA, is characterized by the additional features of a bleeding tendency and other critical systemic comorbidities such as pulmonary fibrosis and immunodeficiency. NGS‐based gene analyses have identified several new causative genes for OCA and have detected rare subtypes of OCA with high accuracy including Japanese patients. In our survey of 190 Japanese OCA patients/families, OCA4 is the most common subtype (25.3%) followed by OCA1 (20.0%), HPS1 (14.7%), and OCA2 (8.4%). Similar to the A481T variant in OCA2, which is associated with a mild form of OCA2 and skin color variation, the c.‐492_489delAATG variant located in the promoter region of SLC45A2 has been uniquely identified in Japanese patients with a mild form of OCA4. Further, rare OCA subtypes, including OCA3, HPS2, HPS3, HPS4, HPS5, HPS6, and HPS9, have also been identified in Japanese patients. The clinical characteristics and underlying molecular mechanisms of each subtype of OCA are concisely summarized in this review.
NUDT15 polymorphism in healthy children with Bai nationality in Yunnan of China
Authors: Pu Gangling , Wang Yali , Duan Shaoqin , Chen Jingpei , Yang Chunhui , Cui Tingting , Fang Chunlian , Zhou Yan , Zhang Han , Tian Xin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphism is one of the causes of the toxicity of thiopurines, but this is rarely seen in Asian populations. Rather, the nucleoside diphosphate‐linked X‐component motif 15 (NUDT15) gene is frequently linked to mercaptopurine (MP) intolerance and myelotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in East Asians; however, little is known about the NUDT15 polymorphism in healthy children, especially in ethnic minorities in China.MethodsA total of 162 cases of healthy children with Bai nationality were enrolled for NUDT15 genotyping.ResultsThree coding variants were identified in the NUDT15 gene including rs186364861, rs746071566 and rs116855232. Notably, the rs746071566 and rs116855232 in NUDT15 showed much higher frequencies in healthy children with Bai nationality compared with healthy East Asian populations, suggesting a concentrated distribution of these variants in the Bai ethnic group.ConclusionsThis finding reveals the genetic polymorphism of NUDT15 in children with Chinese Bai nationality, providing a biological genetic background for the individualized therapy of thiopurines for children with Bai nationality in China.
The end is just the beginning: Turnover events and their impact on those who remain
Authors: Laulié Lyonel , Morgeson Frederick P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTurnover is not only the ending of an employment relationship, it is also the potential beginning of a new reality for those who remain in the organization. The impact of voluntary and involuntary turnover events on organizational “stayers” represents an unfortunate gap in extant turnover theory. Conceptualizing turnover as a beginning rather than an ending suggests the possibility that turnover events may increase, decrease, or have no effect on cognitions, decisions, and behaviors of those who remain in the organization. Yet, despite this possibility, we know very little about what happens to organizational members after turnover events occur. To address this gap, we develop Turnover Event Theory (TET). TET is a middle‐range, event‐centered theory that describes how turnover events first activate stayers’ attention and then are subject to a distinctive psychological interpretation process. By describing the processes that follow a turnover event, TET provides a needed explanation of how a turnover event may cause or derail downstream turnover events and change stayers’ behaviors and cognitions. We develop specific propositions to better understand this phenomenon and offer guidelines for future theoretical and empirical research.
Development of a COVID‐19 alternate care site from ground zero: A nursing perspective
Authors: Stewart Terri , Day Sara W. , Russell Jennifer , Wilbanks Cory , Likes Wendy , Webb Sherry , Haushalter Alisa , Cashion Ann K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) outbreak rapidly generated an unprecedented global, national, and state public health crisis with the need to rapidly develop alternate care sites (ACS) to care for COVID‐19 patients within an overburdened health care system. A hospital care model ACS to increase the health care capacity, provide care for mild to moderately symptomatic patients, and offer local self‐sustainment for a surge of patients was developed in Memphis, Tennessee located in Shelby County. We completed a temporary conversion of a large unused newspaper publication building to a health care facility for COVID‐19 patients. Developing an ACS from ground zero was met with many challenges, and throughout the process important lessons were learned. With the goal to complete the building conversion within a 28‐day timeframe, collaboration among the numerous governmental, health care, and private agencies was critical and nursing leadership was key to this process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a COVID‐19 ACS in Memphis, TN, which has a large at‐risk population with limited access to health care. Specifically, we will discuss the strong leadership role of nursing faculty, key challenges, and lessons learned, as well as provide checklists and models for others in similar circumstances.
Individual differences in emotion differentiation modulate electrocortical dynamics of cognitive reappraisal
Authors: Wang Yali , Liao Caizhi , Shangguan Chenyu , Shang Wenjing , Zhang Wenhai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCognitive reappraisal plays an important role in individuals’ mental health and adaptation and depends on individual differences in emotion differentiation. However, it is unclear how individual differences in emotion differentiation modulate the electrocortical dynamics of cognitive reappraisal. To this end, we employed event‐related potentials (ERPs) and source analysis to characterize temporal dynamics and cortical functions of cognitive reappraisal related with positive emotion differentiation. The electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 36 participants (aged 18–25 years) were recorded when they were required to view neutral, pleasant emotional stimuli, or positively reappraise neutral emotional stimuli. Results showed that, compared with the individuals with low positive emotion differentiation, the individuals with high positive emotion differentiation presented larger late positive potential (LPP) amplitude enhancement during positive reappraisal. Source analysis further found that individuals with high positive emotion differentiation exhibited more activations in the middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area [BA] 11), superior temporal gyrus (BA 38), and inferior frontal gurus (BA 47) when they implemented cognitive reappraisal as compared with their counterparts. Our findings deepen our understanding of the dynamic cortical organization of how positive emotion differentiation impacts cognitive reappraisal and informs cognitive reappraisal interventions for individuals with low emotion differentiation.
Minute oscillation stretching: A novel modality for reducing musculo‐tendinous stiffness and maintaining muscle strength
Authors: Ikeda Naoki , Yonezu Takahisa , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: September 2020

A novel stretching modality was developed to provide repetitive small length changes to the plantar flexors undergoing passive stretch defined as "minute oscillation stretching" (MOS). This study investigated the effects of MOS on neuromuscular activity during force production, the rate of torque development (RTD), and the elastic properties of the plantar flexors and Achilles tendon. Ten healthy males participated in this study. The neuromuscular activity of the triceps surae and tibialis anterior muscles during maximal voluntary plantar flexion torque [MVT], RTD of plantar flexion, Achilles tendon stiffness, and muscle stiffness were measured before and after two types of interventions for a total of 5 minutes: static stretching (SS) and MOS at 15 Hz and without intervention (control). Achilles tendon stiffness was calculated from the tendon elongation measuring by ultrasonography. Muscle stiffness was determined for the medial gastrocnemius [MG] using shear wave elastography. The MVT, mean electromyographic amplitudes [mEMG] of MG and lateral gastrocnemius [LG], and RTD were significantly decreased following SS (MVT: −7.2 ± 7.9%; mEMG of MG: −8.7 ± 10.2%; mEMG of LG: −12.4 ± 10.5%; RTD: −6.6 ± 6.8%), but not after MOS. Achilles tendon stiffness significantly decreased after SS (−13.4 ± 12.3%) and MOS (−9.7 ± 11.5%), with no significant differences between them. Muscle stiffness significantly decreased in SS and MOS, with relative changes being significantly greater for MOS (−7.9 ± 8.3%) than SS (−2.3 ± 2.9%) interventions. All variables remained unchanged in the controls. In conclusion, MOS changed muscle‐tendon compliance without loss of muscle function.
Return to training in the COVID‐19 era: The physiological effects of face masks during exercise
Authors: Epstein Danny , Korytny Alexander , Isenberg Yoni , Marcusohn Erez , Zukermann Robert , Bishop Boaz , Minha Sa'ar , Raz Aeyal , Miller Asaf 
Published: September 2020

COVID‐19 outbreak has a profound impact on almost every aspect of life. Universal masking is recommended as a means of source control. Routinely exercising in a safe environment is an important strategy for healthy living during this crisis. As sports clubs and public spaces may serve a source of viral transmission, masking may become an integral part of physical activity. This study aimed to assess the physiological effects of wearing surgical masks and N95 respirators during short‐term strenuous workout. This was a multiple cross‐over trial of healthy volunteers. Using a standard cycle ergometry ramp protocol, each subject performed a maximal exercise test without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N95 respirator. Physiological parameters and time to exhaustion were compared. Each subject served his own control. Sixteen male volunteers (mean age and BMI of 34 ± 4 years and 28.72 ± 3.78 kg/m2, respectively) completed the protocol. Heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and time to exhaustion did not differ significantly. Exercising with N95 mask was associated with a significant increase in end‐tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels. The differences were more prominent as the load increased, reaching 8 mm Hg at exhaustion (none vs N95, P = .001). In conclusion, in healthy subjects, short‐term moderate‐strenuous aerobic physical activity with a mask is feasible, safe, and associated with only minor changes in physiological parameters, particularly a mild increase in EtCO2. Subjects suffering from lung diseases should have a cautious evaluation before attempting physical activity with any mask.
Adaptation to a ketogenic diet modulates adaptive and mucosal immune markers in trained male endurance athletes
Authors: Shaw David M. , Merien Fabrice , Braakhuis Andrea , Keaney Lauren , Dulson Deborah K. 
Published: September 2020

This study examined the effect of short‐term adaptation to a ketogenic diet (KD) on resting and post‐exercise immune markers. Using a randomized, repeated‐measures, crossover design, eight trained, male, endurance athletes ingested a 31‐day low carbohydrate (CHO), KD (energy intake: 4% CHO; 78% fat) or their habitual diet (HD) (energy intake: 43% CHO; 38% fat). On days 0 and 31, participants ran to exhaustion at 70% VO2max. A high‐CHO (2 g·kg−1) meal was ingested prior to the pre‐HD, post‐HD, and pre‐KD trials, with CHO (~55 g·h−1) ingested during exercise, whereas a low‐CHO (<10 g) meal was ingested prior to the post‐KD trial, with fat ingested during exercise. Blood and saliva samples were collected at pre‐exercise, exhaustion, and 1 hour post‐exhaustion. T‐cell‐related cytokine gene expression within peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and whole‐blood inflammatory cytokine production were determined using 24‐hour multi‐antigen‐stimulated whole‐blood cultures. Multi‐antigen‐stimulated PBMC IFN‐γ mRNA expression and the IFN‐γ/IL‐4 mRNA expression ratio were higher at exhaustion in the post‐KD compared with pre‐KD trial (P = 0.003 and P = 0.004); however, IL‐4 and IL‐10 mRNA expression were unaltered (P > 0.05). Multi‐antigen‐stimulated whole‐blood IL‐10 production was higher in the post‐KD compared with pre‐KD trial (P = 0.028), whereas IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐8, and IFN‐γ production was lower in the post‐HD compared with pre‐HD trial (P < 0.01). Salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA) secretion rate was higher in the post‐KD compared with pre‐KD trial (P < 0.001). In conclusion, short‐term adaptation to a KD in endurance athletes may alter the pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory immune cell cytokine response to a multi‐antigen in vitro and SIgA secretion rate.
Determining Mehlich‐3 and DTPA extractable soil zinc optimum economic threshold for maize
Authors: Martínez Cuesta Nicolás , Wyngaard Nicolás , Saínz Rozas Hernán , Reussi Calvo Nahuel , Carciochi Walter , Eyherabide Mercedes , Colazo Juan Cruz , Barraco Miriam , Guertal Elizabeth A. , Barbieri Pablo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most susceptible crops to zinc (Zn) deficiency. However, in much of the world, soil Zn tests are poorly calibrated, and thus determining a critical soil test, level for Zn is challenging. The objectives of this study were to: (i) produce a field calibration of the Zn Mehlich‐3 (M3‐Zn) method for predicting maize grain yield response to Zn fertilizer application, (ii) compare the capacity of DTPA extractable Zn (DTPA‐Zn) with M3‐Zn for predicting the response of maize yield to Zn fertilizer, (iii) determine whether inclusion of soil pH, organic matter (SOM) and extractable phosphorus in a M3‐Zn model improves its predictive capacity and (iv) evaluate an economic approach for determining soil Zn thresholds. We conducted 55 field experiments covering a wide range of edaphic and climatic conditions. Maize responded to Zn fertilizer in 29% of the trials. The capacity of M3‐Zn and DTPA‐Zn to predict relative yield of maize was similar. Inclusion of other soil variables (pH, extractable phosphorus and SOM) did not or only slightly improve the prediction of M3‐Zn. Based on the relationship between M3‐Zn and DTPA‐Zn (R2 = 0.89), one test can be predicted from the other without affecting the calibration. The M3‐Zn 'economic threshold' ranged from 0.98 to 2.79 mg kg−1, while for DTPA‐Zn it varied from 0.41 to 1.61 mg kg−1. The broad range of economic thresholds shows that differences in maize productivity and grain price between regions and seasons make establishing a single Zn threshold for all economic‐productive situations inappropriate.
Clinical Implication of Immunohaematological Tests in ABO haemolytic disease of newborn: Revisiting an old disease
Authors: Das Soumya , Shastry Shamee , Chakravarthy P Kalyana , Baliga Poornima B 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the frequency distribution of of ABO haemolytic disease of newborn (ABO‐HDN) and to know the predictive value of immunohaematological tests in identifying at risk neonates.BackgroundABO incompatibility, although a common cause of haemolytic disease of newborn, has several unaddressed issues related to it.Material and methodsA prospective study over 20 months was carried out in a tertiary care centre in South India. Blood grouping, Direct Antiglobulin test (DAT) and elution studies were performed on neonatal samples, whereas blood grouping, antibody screening and antibody titration were performed on maternal samples. In suspected cases, ABO‐HDN was diagnosed after excluding other possible causes for haemolysis. The laboratory results were correlated with the clinical details to assess the predictive value of the tests.ResultsOf the total 2856 pregnancies, 34% had ABO incompatibility. On testing with columnagglutination test (CAT), the overall DAT positivity and that among ABO‐incompatible cases were 3.8% and 11.2%, respectively,) whereas by conventinal tube technique (CTT) it was 0.6% and 2.4% respectively. CAT was found to have higher sensitivity, and the predictive value was higher for CTT. Maternal IgG titre showed a positive linear relationship with the DAT strength and the rise in indirect bilirubin levels. The positive predictive value of combination of tests such as DAT, elution and titation was 94.12%, which was much higher than that of the individual tests.ConclusionDAT positivity is a predictor of early rise in serum bilirubin level, and a combination of tests has a better predictive value than individual tests towards development of clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia in ABO‐HDN.
Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases in the regulation of membrane trafficking
Authors: Waschbüsch Dieter , Khan Amir R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRab GTPases are master regulators of membrane trafficking in eukaryotic cells. Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases was characterized in the 1990s and there have been intermittent reports of its relevance to Rab functions. Phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism has gained prominence through the identification of Rabs as physiological substrates of leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). LRRK2 is a Ser/Thr kinase that is associated with inherited and sporadic forms of Parkinson disease. In recent years, numerous kinases and their associated signaling pathways have been identified that lead to phosphorylation of Rabs. These emerging studies suggest that serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation of Rabs may be a widespread and under‐appreciated mechanism for controlling their membrane trafficking functions. Here we survey current knowledge of Rab phosphorylation and discuss models for how this post‐translational mechanism exerts control of membrane trafficking.
Development and evaluation of stem cell collection procedure diagrams to support the education and recruitment of committed stem cell donors
Authors: Fingrut Warren , Cuperfain Ari B. , Chan Sze Wah Samuel , Ptak Emilie , Kahlon Manjot , Dhaliwal Justine , Naidu Anish , Wang Yongjun (George) , Baribeau Owen , Mahmoudi Tina , Lee Anna , Suppiah Roopa , Luo Owen D. , Green Meagan , Weiss Jason T. , Mercer Dena , Elmoazzen Heidi , Petraszko Tanya , Allan David 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundDiagrams which allow potential unrelated stem cell donors to visualize the stem cell collection process were hypothesized to support the recruitment and education of committed stem cell donors.Study design and methodsA series of bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell collection procedure diagrams were developed, featuring young adult male donors of varied ethnic backgrounds. Post‐implementation, surveys were conducted to evaluate stakeholder perspective on the diagrams’ utility. A quality improvement project was conducted at five stem cell drives from 2017 to 2018 at which recruiters did or did not show the diagrams to potential donors. Following the drives, registrants were invited to complete a survey exploring their experience, knowledge and attitude towards donation.ResultsThe diagrams were implemented in Canada in 07/2016. Of 293 participating registrants (24·7% non‐Caucasian males) recruited at five drives between 2017 and 2018, 76% (n = 197) were shown the diagrams. Participants who were shown the diagrams were significantly more likely to report that the recruiters appeared very knowledgeable (89% vs. 76%, P = 0·019) and to report improved self‐reported knowledge of stem cell donation (P = 0·010) compared to participants not shown the diagram. Data are also shown demonstrating that stakeholders in donor recruitment used and valued the diagrams and that use of the diagrams was associated with improved donor recruitment outcomes in Canada.ConclusionThis report is the first evaluation of stem cell collection diagrams in the literature. The diagrams are relevant to donor registries, recruitment organizations and transplant centres worldwide, and their use may support efforts to educate and recruit committed, ethnically diverse donors.
A Thompson Sampling Efficient Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm (TSEMO) for Lithium-Ion Battery Liquid-Cooled Thermal Management System: Study of Hydrodynamic, Thermodynamic, and Structural Performance
Authors: Garg A. , Liu Cheng , Jishnu A. K. , Gao Liang , Le Phung My Loan , Tran Van Man 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The efficient design of battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) plays an important role in enhancing the performance, life, and safety of electric vehicles (EVs). This paper aims at designing and optimizing cold plate-based liquid cooling BTMS. Pitch sizes of channels, inlet velocity, and inlet temperature of the outermost channel are considered as design parameters. Evaluating the influence and optimization of design parameters by repeated computational fluid dynamics calculations is time consuming. To tackle this, the effect of design parameters is studied by using surrogate modeling. Optimized design variables should ensure a perfect balance between certain conflicting goals, namely, cooling efficiency, BTMS power consumption (parasitic power), and size of the battery. Therefore, the optimization problem is decoupled into hydrodynamic performance, thermodynamic performance, and mechanical structure performance. The optimal design involving multiple conflicting objectives in BTMS is solved by adopting the Thompson sampling efficient multi-objective optimization algorithm. The results obtained are as follows. The optimized average battery temperature after optimization decreased from 319.86 K to 319.2759 K by 0.18%. The standard deviation of battery temperature decreased from 5.3347 K to 5.2618 K by 1.37%. The system pressure drop decreased from 7.3211 Pa to 3.3838 Pa by 53.78%. The performance of the optimized battery cooling system has been significantly improved.
Deconstruction of Idea Generation Methods Into a Framework of Creativity Mechanisms
Authors: Kirjavainen Senni , Hölttä-Otto Katja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Creative ideas are a central part of design thinking, whether solving engineering problems, generating interesting art, as well as developing successful products and innovations. Idea generation methods are a well-researched topic, and there is significant research that focuses on specific idea generation methods and how they perform. Furthermore, several method classifications have been suggested to help understand the cognitive mechanisms involved in creative ideation as well as differences between methods. Yet, the discourse is usually on which ideation method outperforms another or how to improve an ideation method rather than the elements, rules, constraints, and activities that comprise ideation methods. In this study, 88 well-documented idea generation methods are reviewed and analyzed. We find all analyzed methods consist of 25 basic mechanisms. The mechanisms are discussed and classified into idea promoting and implementation mechanisms. We suggest that rather than focusing research only on methods, there should be a parallel track of research on these mechanisms and their interactions to help increase our understanding of creativity methods, add understanding for practitioners on how to get the best advantages out of creativity methods, and finally improve the way that practical creativity is approached in education.