bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisakis simplex (s.l.) resistance to the action of gastric enzymes depends upon previous treatments applied to infected fish mince and affects antigen release
Authors: Sánchez‐Alonso Isabel , Carballeda‐Sangiao Noelia , Rodríguez Santiago , Tejada Margarita , Navas Alfonso , Arcos Susana C , González‐Muñoz Miguel , Careche Mercedes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFreezing is considered the most suitable technological treatment to avoid Anisakis infection from eating raw or undercooked fish but modifications of their cuticles upon freezing may reduce their resistance to gastric fluids, provoking a greater release of allergens. This work aimed to study the relationship between freezing‐induced modifications of Anisakis simplex s.l., antigen recognition, and resistance to oral and gastric digestion in spiked fish mince.Results(i) Differences between non‐treated larvae and larvae that survived freezing / thawing were studied in terms of respiratory capacity, survival in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), recognition of antigens and allergens. (ii) Untreated (i.e. chilled) mince containing live larvae, mince frozen at two freezing rates, with a negative (uninfected) mince and a positive mince (infected with broken larvae) as controls, were subjected to the oral and gastric phases of a simulated digestion process. Anisakis able to survive freezing showed lower resistance to gastric fluid (i.e. faster mortality as compared to controls). Untreated larvae released significantly more antigens than freeze‐surviving larvae but only after 96 h in SGF. In treatments rendering complete larvae mortality, the highest loss of larvae integrity was found upon fast freezing. There was a positive correlation between antigen release and the number of ruptures of larvae after the oral digestion phase, whereas a more complex trend was observed after oral plus gastric digestion phases.ConclusionThese results suggest a new factor to consider for sensitized patients and suggest that the numbers of L3 should be reduced before industrial freezing to minimize risk. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Controlled root‐zone temperature effect on baby leaf vegetables yield and quality in a floating system under mild and extreme weather conditions
Authors: Karnoutsos Panagiotis , Karagiovanidis Marios , Bantis Filippos , Chatzistathis Theocharis , Koukounaras Athanasios , Ntinas Georgios K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA floating system is a suitable low‐cost hydroponic method for growing baby leaf vegetables. Among other, an important characteristic of the system is the use of large volume of nutrient solution which is characterized by high heat capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different root‐zone temperatures on baby leaves of lettuce and rocket plants grown in a floating system under mild (spring) or extreme environmental conditions (summer and winter).RESULTSRoot‐zone temperature was recorded in two tanks, one powered by a photovoltaic system and one where root‐zone temperature was not controlled – this was used as a control tank. Photosynthetic parameters, yield, nutritional quality, and mineral composition were determined. In both baby leaf vegetables, during extreme weather conditions, yield was higher in the tanks with controlled root‐zone temperature conditions than the control (+18.9% for rocket, and + 31.4% for baby lettuce), while quality parameters and chemical composition were not significantly affected. Stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis values were positively affected only during summer. On the other hand, control of root‐zone temperature under mild weather conditions had no significant effect on baby lettuce and rocket.CONCLUSIONControl of the root‐zone temperature could be a useful tool to improve productivity for baby lettuce and rocket crops cultivated in floating systems under extreme weather conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Texture, sensory properties and functionality of extruded snacks from pulses and pseudocereal proteins
Authors: Martin Anna , Schmidt Verena , Osen Raffael , Bez Jürgen , Ortner Eva , Mittermaier Stephanie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe protein‐rich fractions of pulses and pseudocereals exhibit a well‐balanced amino acid profile, particularly when combined in different portions, and are therefore high‐value ingredients for the production of extruded snacks. However, the impact of a combination of pulses and pseudocereals on the physical and sensory qualities of extruded snacks has not been investigated up to now. Native or preconditioned protein isolates and concentrates from pulses – as single ingredients or in combination with protein‐rich flours of pseudocereals – were analyzed regarding their thermal and functional properties in relation to extrusion characteristics. Low moisture extrusion cooking was used to investigate the impact of protein source (lentil, lupin, faba bean), pseudocereal source (quinoa, amaranth, buckwheat) and protein content (30%, 50%, 70%) on sectional expansion, specific hardness, density and sensory properties of the snacks.RESULTSWith increasing protein content from 30% to 50%, the sectional expansion decreased and the density and specific hardness of the extrudates increased, which could be counteracted by preconditioning of the protein‐rich ingredients. Lupin protein‐based extrudates exhibited satisfactory texture and sensory properties. Extruded mixtures of pulses and pseudocereals (70% protein) exhibited a smaller sectional expansion compared to pulses as single ingredients (30%, 50%), regardless of pseudocereal type. However, the texture and sensory properties of the extruded blends were satisfactory.CONCLUSIONSWe show for the first time that protein‐rich fractions of pulses and pseudocereals can be processed into expanded snacks with favorable texture and nutritional properties such as increased protein contents (70%) and balanced amino acid profiles. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Influence of elaboration process on chemical, biological, and sensory characteristics of European pennyroyal liqueurs
Authors: Rodríguez‐Solana Raquel , Esteves Eduardo , Mansinhos Inês , Gonçalves Sandra , Pérez‐Santín Efrén , Galego Ludovina , Romano Anabela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDMentha pulegium is an aromatic and medicinal plant used in different Mediterranean herb‐based liqueurs, whose phytochemical composition depends on the elaboration technique used. The aim of this work was to investigate differences in the sensory, chemical, and biological characteristics of pennyroyal liqueurs elaborated by hydro‐alcoholic (HI) and aqueous (AI) infusions, percolation (P), maceration (M), and distillation (D) techniques, and by the mixture of spirit with pennyroyal essential oil (EO). The volatile composition determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection (GC–FID), the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, the antioxidant (AC), and enzyme (α‐glucosidase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase) inhibitory capacities, and the sensory analysis by napping, were evaluated in the liqueurs obtained.RESULTSMonoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the main volatiles present in liqueurs. The M, P, HI, and AI liqueurs showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC values; and pulegone, the main hepatotoxic chemotype, was found in concentrations that gave rise to concern. The D and EO liqueurs stand out for their acceptable pulegone content and greater tyrosinase inhibition. Similar liqueur classifications were achieved by sensory analyses, and physico‐chemical and biological analyses using multiple factor and principal component analyses, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese results are an important contribution to the identification of the most appropriate elaboration conditions for herbal liqueurs with the healthiest chemical composition and functional properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemometrics‐based models hyphenated with ensemble machine learning for retention time simulation of isoquercitrin in Coriander sativum L. using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Usman Abdullahi Garba , Işik Selin , Abba Sani Isah , Meriçli Filiz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this research, two nonlinear models, namely; adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system and feed‐forward neural network and a classical linear model were employed for the prediction of retention time of isoquercitrin in Coriander sativum L. using the high‐performance liquid chromatography technique. The prediction employed the use of composition of mobile phase and pH as the corresponding input parameters. The performance indices of the models were evaluated using root mean square error, determination co‐efficient, and correlation co‐efficient. The results obtained from the simple models showed that subclustering‐adaptive‐neuro fuzzy inference system gave the best results in both the training and testing phases and boosted the performance accuracy of the simple models. The overall comparison of the results showed that subclustering‐adaptive‐neuro fuzzy inference system ensemble demonstrated outstanding performance and increased the accuracy of the single models and ensemble models in the testing phase, up to 35% and 3%, respectively.
MR‐guided proton therapy: Impact of magnetic fields on the detector response
Authors: Fuchs Hermann , Padilla‐Cabal Fatima , Zimmermann Lukas , Palmans Hugo , Georg Dietmar 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo investigate the response of detectors for proton dosimetry in the presence of magnetic fields.Material and MethodsFour ionization chambers (ICs), two thimble‐type and two plane‐parallel‐type, and a diamond detector were investigated. All detectors were irradiated with homogeneous single‐energy‐layer fields, using 252.7 MeV proton beams. A Farmer IC was additionally irradiated in the same geometrical configuration, but with a lower nominal energy of 97.4 MeV. The beams were subjected to magnetic field strengths of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 T produced by a research dipole magnet placed at the room’s isocenter. Detectors were positioned at 2 cm water equivalent depth, with their stem perpendicular to both the magnetic field lines and the proton beam’s central axis, in the direction of the Lorentz force. Normality and two sample statistical Student’s t tests were performed to assess the influence of the magnetic field on the detectors’ responses.ResultsFor all detectors, a small but significant magnetic field‐dependent change of their response was found. Observed differences compared to the no magnetic field case ranged from +0.5% to −0.7%. The magnetic field dependence was found to be nonlinear and highest between 0.25 and 0.5 T for 252.7 MeV proton beams. A different variation of the Farmer chamber response with magnetic field strength was observed for irradiations using lower energy (97.4 MeV) protons. The largest magnetic field effects were observed for plane‐parallel ionization chambers.ConclusionSmall magnetic field‐dependent changes in the detector response were identified, which should be corrected for dosimetric applications.
Simultaneously iterative procedure based on block Newton method for elastoplastic problems
Authors: Yamamoto Takeki , Yamada Takahiro , Matsui Kazumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, the authors formulate elastoplastic problems as a coupled problem of the equilibrium equation and the yield condition at each material point, and develop a numerical procedure based on the block Newton method to solve the overall structure using the finite element discretization. For the integration of stress, the backward difference scheme is employed. In the conventional return mapping algorithm, the algorithmic tangent moduli are derived analytically so that it is consistent with local iterative calculation to determine internal variables. On the other hand, in the proposed block Newton method, the tangent moduli can be obtained algebraically by eliminating the internal variables, and the internal variables are also updated algebraically without local iterative calculation. The residual of the yield condition is incorporated into the linearized equilibrium equation. The proposed approach enables the errors of the equilibrium equation and the yield condition to decrease simultaneously. Some numerical examples show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the results of the proposed approach with those of the conventional return mapping algorithm.
Regulating Catalytic Activity of DNA‐Templated Silver Nanoclusters Based on their Differential Interactions with DNA Structures and Stimuli‐Responsive Structural Transition
Authors: Guo Yuchun , Lv Mengmeng , Ren Jiangtao , Wang Erkang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work reports exquisite engineering of catalytic activity of DNA‐templated silver nanoclusters (DNA‐AgNCs) based on unique adsorption phenomena of DNAs on DNA‐AgNCs and reversible transition between double and triple‐stranded DNAs. Four DNA homopolymers exhibit different inhibition effects on the catalytic activity of DNA‐AgNCs, poly adenine (polyA) > poly guanine (polyG) > poly cytosine (polyC) > poly thymine (polyT), demonstrating that polyA strands have the strongest adsorption affinity on DNA‐AgNCs. Through the formation of T‐A•T triplex DNAs, catalytic activity of DNA‐AgNCs is restored from the deactivated state by double or single‐stranded DNAs, indicating the participation of N7 groups of adenine bases in binding to DNA‐AgNCs and blocking active sites. Accordingly, reversibly regulating catalytic activity of DNA‐AgNCs can be realized based on DNA input‐stimulated transition between duplex and triplex structures. In the end, two low‐cost and facile biosensing methods are presented, which are derived from the activity‐switchable platform. It is worthy to anticipate that the DNA‐AgNCs with controlled catalytic activity will inspire researchers to devise more functionalized nanocatalysts and contribute to the exploration of intelligent biomedicine in the future.
What factors influence the lifetime of pull requests?
Authors: Moreira Soares Daricélio , de Lima Júnior Manoel Limeira , Murta Leonardo , Plastino Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

SummaryWhen external contributors want to collaborate with an open‐source project, they fork the repository, make changes, and send a pull request to the core team. However, the lifetime of a pull request, defined by the time interval between its opening and its closing, has a high variation, potentially affecting the contributor engagement. In this context, understanding the root causes of pull request lifetime is important to both the external contributors and the core team. The former can adopt strategies that increase the chances of fast review, while the latter can establish priorities in the reviewing process, alleviating the pending tasks and improving the software quality. In this work, we mined association rules from 97,463 pull requests from 30 projects in order to find characteristics that have affected the pull requests lifetime. In addition, we present a qualitative analysis, helping to understand the patterns discovered from the association rules. The results indicate that: (i) contributions with shorter lifetimes tend to be accepted; (ii) structural characteristics, such as number of commits, changed files, and lines of code, have influence, in an isolated or combined way, on the pull request lifetime; (iii) the files changed and the directories to which they belong can be robust predictors for pull request lifetime; (iv) the profile of external contributors and their social relationships have influence on lifetime; and (v) the number of comments in a pull request, as well as the developer responsible for the review, are important predictors for its lifetime.
Rural Farmers’ Approach to Drought Adaptation: Lessons from Crop Farmers in Ghana
Authors: Dumba Hillary , Danquah Jones Abrefa , Pappinen Ari 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSub-Saharan Africa is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change-related disasters particularly drought. Farmers in Ghana have learnt to co-exist with it by resorting to various approaches. This study sheds light on farmers’ adaptation to drought in Ghana. The cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from a random sample of 326 farmers and six purposively selected lead farmers from six farming communities. Questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed a significant variation between locations and use of drought adaptation approaches. The study showed that the most common drought adaptation measures comprise locating farms on riverine areas, drought monitoring, formation of farm-based organizations for dissemination of climate information, application of agro-chemicals, changing planting dates, cultivating different crops, integrating crop and livestock production, changing the location of crops, diversifying from farm to non-farm income-generating activities, and cultivation of early maturing crops. Therefore, it was recommended, among other things, that Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) should assist the government to construct small-scale irrigation facilities and provide drought-resistant crops to further boost the capacity of farming communities in Ghana.
QED corrections in $$ \overline{B}\to \overline{K}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$ at the double-differential level
Authors: Isidori Gino , Nabeebaccus Saad , Zwicky Roman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a detailed analysis of QED corrections to $$ \overline{B}\to \overline{K}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$

B
¯

→

K
¯

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

decays at the double-differential level. Cancellations of soft and collinear divergences are demonstrated analytically using the phase space slicing method. Whereas soft divergences are found to cancel at the differential level, the cancellation of the hard-collinear logs ln mℓ require, besides photon-inclusiveness, a specific choice of kinematic variables. In particular, hard-collinear logs in the lepton-pair invariant mass distribution (q2), are sizeable and need to be treated with care when comparing with experiment. Virtual and real amplitudes are evaluated using an effective mesonic Lagrangian. Crucially, we show that going beyond this approximation does not introduce any further infrared sensitive terms. All analytic computations are performed for generic charges and are therefore adaptable to semileptonic decays such as $$ \overline{B}\to D\mathrm{\ell}\overline{\nu } $$

B
¯

→
D
ℓ

ν
¯

.
The double scaled limit of super-symmetric SYK models
Authors: Berkooz Micha , Brukner Nadav , Narovlansky Vladimir , Raz Amir 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We compute the exact density of states and 2-point function of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 super-symmetric SYK model in the large N double-scaled limit, by using combinatorial tools that relate the moments of the distribution to sums over oriented chord diagrams. In particular we show how SUSY is realized on the (highly degenerate) Hilbert space of chords. We further calculate analytically the number of ground states of the model in each charge sector at finite N, and compare it to the results from the double-scaled limit. Our results reduce to the super-Schwarzian action in the low energy short interaction length limit. They imply that the conformal ansatz of the 2-point function is inconsistent due to the large number of ground states, and we show how to add this contribution. We also discuss the relation of the model to SLq(2|1). For completeness we present an overview of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 super-symmetric SYK model in the large N double-scaled limit.
Anomalies and accidental symmetries: charging the scalar leptoquark under Lμ − Lτ
Authors: Davighi Joe , Kirk Matthew , Nardecchia Marco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While the S3 scalar leptoquark presents a possible tree-level explanation of the b → sℓℓ flavour anomalies, it suffers from two conceptual problems which are often disregarded by model-builders. Firstly, the quantum numbers of the S3 allow for a renormalisable diquark operator that would trigger rapid proton decay unless its coupling were tuned away. Secondly, one expects the leptoquark to have generic couplings to leptons, which require tuning to avoid stringent experimental bounds on lepton flavour violation. By gauging a U(1) current that acts as Lμ− Lτ on the Standard Model (SM) fermions, and under which the leptoquark has charge −1, one can remedy both these problems. The additional U(1), which is spontaneously broken at some high scale, is associated with a massive Z′ gauge boson and a scalar SM singlet Φ, which play no direct role in mediating the anomalous B meson decays. By computing one- and two-loop mass corrections, we show that this pair of particles can be hidden away at much higher mass scales without destabilising either the Higgs or the leptoquark masses. The only low-energy relic of gauging Lμ− Lτ is thus the accidental global symmetry structure of the lagrangian. On the other hand, we find quite generally that an S3 leptoquark that mediates the b → sℓℓ anomalies cannot be much heavier than a few TeV without itself inducing large Higgs mass corrections.
QCD resummation on single hadron transverse momentum distribution with the thrust axis
Authors: Kang Zhong-Bo , Shao Ding Yu , Zhao Fanyi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We derive the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization and resummation formula of the unpolarized transverse momentum distribution (jT) for the single hadron production with the thrust axis in an electron-positron collision. Two different kinematic regions are considered, including small transverse momentum limit jT « Q, and joint transverse momentum and threshold limit jT « Q(1 − zh) « Q, where Q and zh are the hard scattering energy and the observed hadron momentum fraction. Using effective theory methods, we resum logarithms ln(Q/jT) and ln(1 − zh) to all orders. In the end, we present the differential cross sections and Gaussian widths calculated for the inclusive charged pion production and find that our results are consistent with the measurements reported by the Belle collaboration.