bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare earth metals utilization opportunities in the development of Indonesia defense industry technology
Authors: Jannah N F , Aritonang S , Sunardi S , Adiprayoga S N , Rajak D D A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Industrial technology developments that entered the era of 4.0, other than to utilize the development of technology which based on the internet of things, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud, etc., also need to be supported by advanced material technology capabilities, namely rare earth metals. In the defense industry, rare earth metals used in defense and security equipment such as military vehicle coating materials that are able to dodge or absorb waves of enemy radar detection, jet engine components of aircraft fighter, missile weapons systems, electronic components, subsea detectors, satellite devices and material for radar, etc. This research was conducted through literature review and using the SWOT analysis method on the opportunities for the use of rare-earth metals in Indonesia defense industry products. The data used are secondary data, which includes data on the distribution of rare earth metals in Indonesia and the specifications of the use of rare-earth metals in the defense industry. Based on the defense requirements for defense products and the percentage of rare earth metals content in the territory of Indonesia, one of the opportunities for the use of rare-earth metals for defense industry products is in the application of anti-radar layers.
Electrospun of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/ Potassium hydroxide (PVA/KOH) nanofiber composites using the electrospinning method
Authors: Almafie M R , Nawawi Z , Jauhari J , Sriyanti I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Potassium hydroxide (PVA/KOH) nanofiber Composites for application as a supercapacitor electrolyte. Electrospinning method has been successfully used to synthesize composite of the PVA/KOH nanofiber. The PVA and KOH have been made with concentration are 5% w/w (PK1), 10% w/w (PK2) and 15% w/w (PK3), with a mass ratio of PVA/KOH is 10:1. The Physicochemical properties of PVA/KOH nanofibers with three various in the experiment were studied, including morphology, size, and chemical interaction. The microscope result shows that nanofiber of PK1, PK2 and PK3 have bead fiber and free-bead fiber, Where the PK1 is bead fiber and the PK2 and PK3 are free-bead fiber. The average diameter of PK1, PK2 and PK3 were 635, 826, 1021 nm, respectively. The FTIR results show that there is interaction between Poly (vinyl alcohol) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) in the form of a spectrum and widening of transmittance are 3320 cm-1 and 3301cm-1 which identifies hydrogen bonds.
Vertical handoff model in next generation wireless networks
Authors: Kustiawan I , Hariyadi T , Nurjannah D R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to propose a scheme for making handoff decisions effectively. We propose a handoff decision strategy through a fuzzy logic system to perform a seamless handoff. We combine four types of determinants, namely, RSS (received signal strength), data rate, network latency, and user preferences as input metrics to our fuzzy inference engine. RSS is pre-processed first by the Kalman filter to get rid of noise. The logic of the inference engine is realized on the User Equipment side as a faster reaction to network dynamics. Our scheme performance is evaluated by simulating mobility scenarios through the context of move-out and move-in scenarios. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms other approaches in terms of reducing unnecessary handoff for all cases.
Analysis high gain waveguide slot antenna 2.3 GHz for Long Term Evolution-Time Division Duplex (LTE-TDD)
Authors: Hakim N F A , Hariyadi T , Pantjawati A B , Mulyanti B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Waveguide slot antenna has many benefits in term of high gain, simple design and stable performance that can be applied to telecommunications systems. This paper will discuss about the design and analysis of waveguide slot antenna for LTE (Long Term Evolution) at a frequency of 2.3 to 2.4 GHz. The results obtained will be used for reference whether the antenna can be used for LTE-TDD frequencies. This research was conducted in two steps. The first step involved simulation of antenna design and optimization using 3D Electromagnetic Simulator software. Data simulation results showed that the working frequency of the antenna between 2.30 to. While in the second step, fabrication and measurement were carried out using a spectrum analyser and network analyser. The results obtained from measurements show that the antenna has a frequency between 2.28 to 2.41 GHz with bandwidth 130 MHz. The antenna has a directional radiation pattern with a gain at a frequency of 2.3 MHz of 15.68 dBi. From the simulation results and measurement, it can be concluded that the design of these antennas can be used for LTE-TDD applications.
Bioinspired micro/nanostructured surfaces prepared by femtosecond laser direct writing for multi-functional applications
Authors: Zhang Yiyuan , Jiao Yunlong , Li Chuanzong , Chen Chao , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) has been widely employed in controllable manufacturing of biomimetic micro/nanostructures due to its specific advantages including high precision, simplicity, and compatibility for diverse materials in comparison with other methods (e.g. ion etching, sol-gel process, chemical vapor deposition, template method, and self-assembly). These biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces are of significant interest for academic and industrial research due to their wide range of potential applications, including self-cleaning surfaces, oil-water separation, and fog collection. This review presents the inherent relationship between natural organisms, fabrication methods, micro/nanostructures and their potential applications. Thereafter, we throw a list of current fabrication strategies so as to highlight the advantages of FLDW in manufacturing bioinspired microstructured surfaces. Subsequently, we summarize a variety of typical bioinspired designs (e.g. lotus leaf, pitcher plant, rice leaf, butterfly wings, etc) for diverse multifunctional micro/nanostructures through extreme femtosecond laser processing technology. Based on the principle of interfacial chemistry and geometrical optics, we discuss the potential applications of these functional micro/nanostructures and assess the underlying challenges and opportunities in the extreme fabrication of bioinspired micro/nanostructures by FLDW. This review concludes with a follow up and an outlook of femtosecond laser processing in biomimetic domains.
Hyperarousal Symptoms in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest Are Associated With 13 Month Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Presciutti Alex , Shaffer Jonathan , Sumner Jennifer A , Elkind Mitchell S V , Roh David J , Park Soojin , Claassen Jan , Edmondson Donald , Agarwal Sachin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Key dimensions of cardiac arrest-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms include reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal. It remains unknown which dimensions are most predictive of outcome.

Purpose
To determine which dimensions of cardiac arrest-induced PTSD are predictive of clinical outcome within 13 months posthospital discharge.

Methods
PTSD symptoms were assessed in survivors of cardiac arrest who were able to complete psychological screening measures at hospital discharge via the PTSD Checklist-Specific scale, which queries for 17 symptoms using five levels of severity. Responses on items for each symptom dimension of the four-factor numbing model (reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal) were converted to Z-scores and treated as continuous predictors. The combined primary endpoint was all-cause mortality (ACM) or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; hospitalization for myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, emergency coronary revascularization, or urgent defibrillator/pacemaker placements) within 13 months postdischarge. Four bivariate Cox proportional hazards survival models evaluated associations between individual symptom dimensions and ACM/MACE. A multivariable model then evaluated whether significant bivariate predictors remained independent predictors of the primary outcome after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, premorbid psychiatric diagnoses, and initial cardiac rhythm.

Results
A total of 114 patients (59.6% men, 52.6% white, mean age: 54.6 ± 13 years) were included. In bivariate analyses, only hyperarousal was significantly associated with ACM/MACE. In a fully adjusted model, 1 standard deviation increase in hyperarousal symptoms corresponded to a two-times increased risk of experiencing ACM/MACE.

Conclusions
Greater level of hyperarousal symptoms was associated with a higher risk of ACM/MACE within 13 months postcardiac arrest. This initial evidence should be further investigated in a larger sample.
Envelopes in multivariate regression models with nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity
Authors: Zhang X , Lee C E , Shao X 
Published: May 2020

SummaryEnvelopes have been proposed in recent years as a nascent methodology for sufficient dimension reduction and efficient parameter estimation in multivariate linear models. We extend the classical definition of envelopes in Cook et al. (2010) to incorporate a nonlinear conditional mean function and a heteroscedastic error. Given any two random vectors ${X}\in\mathbb{R}^{p}$ and ${Y}\in\mathbb{R}^{r}$, we propose two new model-free envelopes, called the martingale difference divergence envelope and the central mean envelope, and study their relationships to the standard envelope in the context of response reduction in multivariate linear models. The martingale difference divergence envelope effectively captures the nonlinearity in the conditional mean without imposing any parametric structure or requiring any tuning in estimation. Heteroscedasticity, or nonconstant conditional covariance of ${Y}\mid{X}$, is further detected by the central mean envelope based on a slicing scheme for the data. We reveal the nested structure of different envelopes: (i) the central mean envelope contains the martingale difference divergence envelope, with equality when ${Y}\mid{X}$ has a constant conditional covariance; and (ii) the martingale difference divergence envelope contains the standard envelope, with equality when ${Y}\mid{X}$ has a linear conditional mean. We develop an estimation procedure that first obtains the martingale difference divergence envelope and then estimates the additional envelope components in the central mean envelope. We establish consistency in envelope estimation of the martingale difference divergence envelope and central mean envelope without stringent model assumptions. Simulations and real-data analysis demonstrate the advantages of the martingale difference divergence envelope and the central mean envelope over the standard envelope in dimension reduction.
Electric vehicles: the future we made and the problem of unmaking it
Authors: Morgan Jamie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The uptake of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), subject to bottlenecks, seems to have reached a tipping point in the UK and this mirrors a general trend globally. BEVs are being positioned as one significant strand in the web of policy intended to translate the good intentions of Article 2 of the Conference of the Parties 21 Paris Agreement into reality. Governments and municipalities are anticipating that a widespread shift to BEVs will significantly reduce transport-related carbon emissions and, therefore, augment their nationally determined contributions to emissions reduction within the Paris Agreement. However, matters are more complicated than they may appear. There is a difference between thinking we can just keep relying on human ingenuity to solve problems after they emerge and engaging in fundamental social redesign to prevent the trajectories of harm. BEVs illustrate this. The contribution to emissions reduction per vehicle unit may be less than the public initially perceive since the important issue here is the lifecycle of the BEV and this is in no sense zero-emission. Furthermore, even though one can make the case that BEVs are a superior alternative to the fossil fuel-powered internal combustion engine, the transition to BEVs may actually facilitate exceeding the carbon budget on which the Paris Agreement ultimately rests. Whether in fact it does depends on the nature of the policy that shapes the transition. If the transition is a form of substitution that conforms to rather than shifts against current global scales and trends in private transportation, then it is highly likely that BEVs will be a successful failure. For this not to be the case, then the transition to BEVs must be coordinated with a transformation of the current scales and trends in private transportation. That is, a significant reduction in dependence on and individual ownership of powered vehicles, a radical reimagining of the nature of private conveyance and of public transportation.
Functionalism According to Paul Reuter: Playing a Lone Hand
Authors: Lagrange Evelyne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The true designer of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) might have been a French professor of international law, Paul Reuter (1911–1990). Then working in the shadow of Jean Monnet, he became one of the leading experts in public international law in France from the late 1950s on and also served on the International Law Commission. It was not his style to develop a fully-fledged theory of functionalism, but he paid the utmost attention to the ‘functions’ of international organizations. While demonstrating a certain reluctance towards some consequences associated with functionalism, he expressed no disdain for a lite version of ‘constitutionalism’. Discretely, Reuter outlined a balancing between ‘functionalism’ and ‘constitutionalism’. He more insistently elaborated on the respective role of experts and policy-makers.
Challenges and Pitfalls in Research on Compliance with the ‘Views’ of UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies: A Reply to Vera Shikhelman
Authors: Ullmann Andreas J , von Staden Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Vera Shikhelman’s recent article on the implementation of the views of the United Nations Human Rights Committee (HRC) took a valuable first step towards addressing the question why states do, or do not, comply with adverse treaty body views. In this contribution, we contend that parts of the chosen theoretical and methodological approach are somewhat problematic, however, and ultimately weaken the overall strength and reliability of Shikhelman’s findings. Theoretically, we question whether hypotheses developed in the context of studying compliance with international law and legally binding court judgments can be transferred to legally non-binding views without adjusting for potentially consequential differences in their legal status. Methodologically, we note certain issues concerning the data generated by the HRC’s follow-up procedure and its use in Shikhelman’s analysis, and suggest that statistical methods that take into consideration the time dimension of implementation processes, notably survival analysis, yield analytically more convincing causal inferences. We provide illustrative results of such a methodologically revised approach to examining compliance with adverse HRC views that reveal more fine-grained insights into the temporally unfolding processes of implementing such decisions.
“Till debt do us part”: financial implications of the divorce of the Irish Free State from the United Kingdom, 1922–1926
Authors: Fitzgerald John , Kenny Seán 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the apportionment of national debt when Ireland exited the UK in 1922. We estimate that the claim on Ireland amounted to 80 percent of Irish Gross National Product (G.N.P.) and describe how it was ultimately waived at the expense of an unchanged land border with Northern Ireland. While this represents the largest debt relief episode in the twentieth century, the political cost of the agreement exceeded the financial gain in the long run. We find that domestic markets reacted more to political uncertainty than the pending liability, despite the financial stability which resulted from the debt write-down.
Deep modifications of the microbiome of rice roots infected by the parasitic nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in highly infested fields in Vietnam
Authors: Masson Anne-Sophie , Ho Bich Hai , Simonin Marie , Nguyen Thi Hue , Czernic Pierre , Moulin Lionel , Bellafiore Stéphane 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Meloidogyne graminicola, also known as the rice root-knot nematode, is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematode, especially on rice. This obligate soilborne parasite induces the formation of galls that disturb the root morphology and physiology. Its impact on the root microbiome is still not well described. Here, we conducted a survey in Northern Vietnam where we collected infected (with galls) and non-infected root tips from the same plants in three naturally infested fields. Using a metabarcoding approach, we discovered that M. graminicola infection caused modifications of the root bacterial community composition and network structure. Interestingly, we observed in infected roots a higher diversity and species richness (+24% observed ESVs) as well as a denser and more complex co-occurrence network (+44% nodes and +136% links). We identified enriched taxa that include several hubs, which could serve as potential indicators or biocontrol agents of the nematode infection. Moreover, the community of infected roots is more specific suggesting changes in the functional capabilities to survive in the gall environment. We thus describe the signature of the gall microbiome (the ‘gallobiome’) with shifting abundances and enrichments that lead to a strong restructuration of the root microbiome.
The interplay between iron limitation, light and carbon in the proteorhodopsin-containing Photobacterium angustum S14
Authors: Koedooder Coco , Van Geersdaële Rémy , Guéneuguès Audrey , Bouget François-Yves , Obernosterer Ingrid , Blain Stéphane 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIron (Fe) limitation is known to affect heterotrophic bacteria within the respiratory electron transport chain, therefore strongly impacting the overall intracellular energy production. We investigated whether the gene expression pattern of the light-sensitive proton pump, proteorhodopsin (PR), is influenced by varying light, carbon and Fe concentrations in the marine bacterium Photobacterium angustum S14 and whether PR can alleviate the physiological processes associated with Fe starvation. Our results show that the gene expression of PR increases as cells enter the stationary phase, irrespective of Fe-replete or Fe-limiting conditions. This upregulation is coupled to a reduction in cell size, indicating that PR gene regulation is associated with a specific starvation-stress response. We provide experimental evidence that PR gene expression does not result in an increased growth rate, cell abundance, enhanced survival or ATP concentration within the cell in either Fe-replete or Fe-limiting conditions. However, independent of PR gene expression, the presence of light did influence bacterial growth rates and maximum cell abundances under varying Fe regimes. Our observations support previous results indicating that PR phototrophy seems to play an important role within the stationary phase for several members of the Vibrionaceae family, but that the exact role of PR in Fe limitation remains to be further explored.
Disparities in Objective Sleep Quality as Assessed Through Wrist Actigraphy in Minority Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Qazi Taha , Smith Alexander , Alexander Megan , Hammer David , Wu Ting , Auerbach Sanford , Noronha Ansu , Wasan Sharmeel , Jones Eric , Weinberg Janice , Farraye Francis A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with a reduced quality of life. Minority patients with IBD specifically report more impairing symptoms compared with nonminority patients. Sleep quality, a key component of quality of life, is significantly compromised in minority patients compared with nonminority patients. Nevertheless, subjective and objective sleep assessments in minority patients with IBD have not explicitly been assessed. The purpose of this prospective cohort study is to assess and compare objective sleep parameters utilizing wrist actigraphy between minority and nonminority IBD patients.

Methods
In this institutional review board approved study, 74 patients with IBD were recruited and stratified into 2 cohorts by self-identification: white nonminority patients and minority patients. Patients in the minority cohort included black and Hispanic individuals (black and nonblack). Exclusion criteria included significant comorbidity, a history of an underlying sleep disorder, or patients who did not self-identify into categorized cohorts. Sleep was measured not only through wrist-based actigraphy but also with sleep surveys. Sleep parameters were compared between minority and nonminority cohorts. Regression analyses were performed to assess for factors independently associated with parameters of poor sleep quality.

Results
Sixty-four patients (86.4%) were included in the final analysis. Thirty-one individuals (48.4%) were categorized into the nonminority cohort, and 33 (51.6%) patients were in the minority cohort. A significantly higher number of minority patients had poorer sleep efficiency and fragmented sleep compared with nonminority patients (90.9% vs 67.7%; P = 0.03 and 87.8% vs 61.3%; P = 0.02). In the adjusted analysis, minority status was independently associated with poor sleep efficiency (odds ratio = 6.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.48-28.17; P = 0.0139) and fragmented sleep (odds ratio = 4.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-22.89; P = 0.0389).

Conclusions
Minority patients with IBD were shown to have poorer objective measures of sleep as assessed through wrist actigraphy compared to nonminority patients. Cultural competency in the care of minority patients with IBD, specifically focusing on the management of psychosocial issues, is needed to address these disparities in sleep. The inclusion of minority patients with IBD in studies investigating sleep and other psychosocial issues are warranted not only to assess potential disparities in disease course but also to determine the etiologies of poor sleep in minority patients with IBD.
Industry-collected target strength of high seas orange roughy in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Scoulding Ben , Kloser Rudy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Visually verified in situ target strengths (TS) are the state of the science for determining the conversion from acoustic echo-integration surveys to biomass. Here, we show how these measurements can be made by high seas fisheries during normal operations using a net-attached acoustic optical system (AOS) without specialized personnel on board. In situ TS were collected from ∼45 cm standard length (SL) orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) in the southern Indian Ocean at 38 and 120 kHz. We use a multiple lines of evidence approach to demonstrate that the previous TS–SL equation developed for ∼10 cm smaller fish in Australia and New Zealand is not suitable for the larger orange roughy and instead propose new TS–SL equations. Our findings show that biomass estimates at 38 kHz will be reduced by ∼58% when using this new TS–SL compared to the existing TS–SL for smaller fish. This highlights the error of extrapolating TS–SL equations outside the measurement range. For this high sea region, the net-attached AOS represented a practical cost-effective method to obtain measurements and provide a result that could be used to inform the management of the stocks. We suggest that this method would be useful in all deep-water fisheries to monitor the TS of the fish for a range of environmental and ontogenetic conditions.