bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between volume increment and stand density in Norway spruce plantations
Authors: Allen Micky , Brunner Andreas , Antón-Fernández Clara , Astrup Rasmus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn understanding of the relationship between volume increment and stand density (basal area, stand density index, etc.) is of utmost importance for properly managing stand density to achieve specific management objectives. There are two main approaches to analyse growth–density relationships. The first relates volume increment to stand density through a basic relationship, which can vary with site productivity, age, and potentially incorporates treatment effects. The second is to relate the volume increment and density of thinned experimental plots relative to that of an unthinned experimental plot on the same site. Using a dataset of 229 thinned and unthinned experimental plots of Norway spruce, a growth model is developed describing the relationship between gross or net volume increment and basal area. The models indicate that gross volume increases with increasing basal area up to 50 m2 and thereafter becomes constant out to the maximum basal area. Alternatively, net volume increment was maximized at a basal area of 43 m2 and decreased with further increases in basal area. However, the models indicated a wide range where net volume increment was essentially constant, varying by less than 1 m3 ha−1 year−1. An analysis of different thinning scenarios indicated that the relative relationship between volume increment and stand density was dynamic and changed over the course of a rotation.
Lineage and Parent-of-Origin Effects in DNA Methylation of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Revealed by Reciprocal Crosses and Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing
Authors: Wu Xin , Galbraith David A , Chatterjee Paramita , Jeong Hyeonsoo , Grozinger Christina M , Yi Soojin V 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParent-of-origin methylation arises when the methylation patterns of a particular allele are dependent on the parent it was inherited from. Previous work in honey bees has shown evidence of parent-of-origin-specific expression, yet the mechanisms regulating such pattern remain unknown in honey bees. In mammals and plants, DNA methylation is known to regulate parent-of-origin effects such as genomic imprinting. Here, we utilize genotyping of reciprocal European and Africanized honey bee crosses to study genome-wide allele-specific methylation patterns in sterile and reproductive individuals. Our data confirm the presence of allele-specific methylation in honey bees in lineage-specific contexts but also importantly, though to a lesser degree, parent-of-origin contexts. We show that the majority of allele-specific methylation occurs due to lineage rather than parent-of-origin factors, regardless of the reproductive state. Interestingly, genes affected by allele-specific DNA methylation often exhibit both lineage and parent-of-origin effects, indicating that they are particularly labile in terms of DNA methylation patterns. Additionally, we re-analyzed our previous study on parent-of-origin-specific expression in honey bees and found little association with parent-of-origin-specific methylation. These results indicate strong genetic background effects on allelic DNA methylation and suggest that although parent-of-origin effects are manifested in both DNA methylation and gene expression, they are not directly associated with each other.
Evolutionary History of the Globin Gene Family in Annelids
Authors: Belato Flávia A , Coates Christopher J , Halanych Kenneth M , Weber Roy E , Costa-Paiva Elisa M 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnimals depend on the sequential oxidation of organic molecules to survive; thus, oxygen-carrying/transporting proteins play a fundamental role in aerobic metabolism. Globins are the most common and widespread group of respiratory proteins. They can be divided into three types: circulating intracellular, noncirculating intracellular, and extracellular, all of which have been reported in annelids. The diversity of oxygen transport proteins has been underestimated across metazoans. We probed 250 annelid transcriptomes in search of globin diversity in order to elucidate the evolutionary history of this gene family within this phylum. We report two new globin types in annelids, namely androglobins and cytoglobins. Although cytoglobins and myoglobins from vertebrates and from invertebrates are referred to by the same name, our data show they are not genuine orthologs. Our phylogenetic analyses show that extracellular globins from annelids are more closely related to extracellular globins from other metazoans than to the intracellular globins of annelids. Broadly, our findings indicate that multiple gene duplication and neo-functionalization events shaped the evolutionary history of the globin family.
Sex, Race, and Age Differences in Prevalence of Dementia in Medicare Claims and Survey Data
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Chen Yi , Crimmins Eileen M , Zissimopoulos Julie M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study provides the first comparison of trends in dementia prevalence in the U.S. population using 3 different dementia ascertainments/data sources: neuropsychological assessment, cognitive tests, and diagnosis codes from Medicare claims.

Methods
We used data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study and Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study, and a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries. We compared dementia prevalence across the 3 sources by race, gender, and age. We estimated trends in dementia prevalence from 2006 to 2013 based on cognitive tests and diagnosis codes utilizing logistic regression.

Results
Dementia prevalence among older adults aged 70 and older in 2004 was 16.6% (neuropsychological assessment), 15.8% (cognitive tests), and 12.2% (diagnosis codes). The difference between dementia prevalence based on cognitive tests and diagnosis codes diminished in 2012 (12.4% and 12.9%, respectively), driven by decreasing rates of cognitive test-based and increasing diagnosis codes-based dementia prevalence. This difference in dementia prevalence between the 2 sources by sex and for age groups 75–79 and 90 and older vanished over time. However, there remained substantial differences across measures in dementia prevalence among blacks and Hispanics (10.9 and 9.8 percentage points, respectively) in 2012.

Discussion
Our results imply that ascertainment of dementia through diagnosis may be improving over time, but gaps across measures among racial/ethnic minorities highlight the need for improved measurement of dementia prevalence in these populations.
Does Testosterone Influence Young Adult Romantic Partners' Accommodation During Conversations About Stressors?
Authors: Dhillon Anuraj , Denes Amanda , Crowley John P , Ponivas Ambyre , Winkler Kara L , Bennett Margaret 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The present study contributes to a growing line of research exploring the associations between physiology and communication behavior. Specifically, this study investigated the influence of testosterone (T) on perceptions of partners' accommodative and nonaccommodative behaviors during a conversation about a relational stressor, and their subsequent association with satisfaction with the conversation. One hundred individuals participated in the study, which included a pre-survey, lab visit, and post-survey. Results revealed that for women, T was negatively associated with perceived partner accommodation and satisfaction with the conversation. Findings uncovered significant mediation effects of women's perceived partner (non)accommodation, while revealing several partner effects. Furthermore, the study found that satisfaction with the conversation was positively predicted by partner accommodation and negatively predicted by partner nonaccommodation for both women and men. These results indicate the utility of communication accommodation theory in examining conflict conversations and imply that T may influence communicative behaviors during conversation about a relational stressor.
The capability approach as a bridging framework across health promotion settings: theoretical and empirical considerations
Authors: Frahsa Annika , Abel Thomas , Gelius Peter , Rütten Alfred 
Published: June 2020

SummaryHealth promotion research has increasingly called for transdisciplinary approaches. Such calls ask for bridging frameworks that define comprehensive sets of health determinants and appropriately conceptualize the roles of population groups as well as other relevant actor groups in the co-production of health. This article aims to present the seminal capability approach by Sen and Nussbaum as a potentially suitable framework for such bridging endeavors to guide health promotion research. It highlights domains of the capability approach that appear to be particularly relevant to bridging diverse disciplines and settings. Such domains particularly refer to the agency of decisive actor groups (population groups, professionals, policymakers and researchers) as well as to the differentiation of personal, social and environmental conversion factors that disciplines define within their specific epistemologies and ontologies. The article uses empirical examples from a German research consortium that aimed to promote physical activity in five different settings while fostering cooperation and conceptual alignment between several academic disciplines and sub-disciplines to highlight benefits and challenges of using the capability approach as a bridging framework for transdisciplinary health promotion. We conclude that the capability approach might serve as bridging framework to guide future transdisciplinary research if partners involved continuously exchange to develop a shared understanding of the issues to be researched.
Implicit bias against the Romas in Hungarian healthcare: taboos or unrevealed areas for health promotion?
Authors: Marek Erika , Nemeth Timea , Orsos Zsuzsa 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The Roma or Gipsy population is the largest ethnic minority both in Europe and Hungary with a 10–15 years lower life expectancy and significantly worse health indicators than majority populations. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate a sensitive and controversial topic: the perspectives of healthcare staff about the presence and impacts of implicit bias in the Hungarian healthcare system towards Roma patients. Therefore, between June 2017 and May 2018 semi-structured interviews were conducted involving 13 healthcare professionals. Interview transcripts were coded and thematically analysed. The presence and occasional manifestation of prejudices against the Romas were noted by the interviewees, most commonly in the form of longer waiting time, comments or other meta-communicative tools. Study participants appeared to exclude a direct relationship between health providers’ implicit bias and the lower quality of health services or the worse health status of Roma patients. However, as reported, indirect negative effects may occur in cases where a patient refrains from seeking care due to previous perceived or experienced discrimination. As barriers to effective patient–provider communication and cooperation, differences in culture, health-seeking behaviour and gaps between health literacy levels were emphasized. In terms of prevention, enhancing anti-discriminatory attitudes from early childhood within the families, the role of media in conveying unbiased information, increasing health awareness of the Roma people as well as educating healthcare providers on culture-related issues may be beneficial. Stress and burnout of healthcare professionals also need to be addressed as these may impact on the enactment of unconscious biases.
The impact of deunionization on the growth and dispersion of productivity and pay
Authors: Dosi Giovanni , Freeman Richard B , Pereira Marcelo C , Roventini Andrea , Virgillito Maria Enrica 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article presents an Agent-Based Model (ABM) that seeks to explain the concordance of sluggish growth of productivity and of real wages found in macroeconomic statistics, and the increased dispersion of firm productivity and worker earnings found in micro level statistics in advanced economies at the turn of the 21st century. It shows that a single market process unleashed by the decline of unionization can account for both the macro- and micro-economic phenomena, and that deunionization can be modeled as an endogenous outcome of competition between high wage firms seeking to raise productive capacity and low productivity firms seeking to cut wages. The model highlights the antipodal competitive dynamics between a “winner-takes-all economy” in which corporate strategies focused on cost reductions lead to divergence in productivity and wages and a “social market economy” in which competition rewards the accumulation of firm-level capabilities and worker skills with a more egalitarian wage structure.
Understanding variation in reported covid-19 deaths with a novel Shewhart chart application
Authors: Perla Rocco J , Provost Shannon M , Parry Gareth J , Little Kevin , Provost Lloyd P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
Motivated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic, we developed a novel Shewhart chart to visualize and learn from variation in reported deaths in an epidemic.

Context
Without a method to understand if a day-to-day variation in outcomes may be attributed to meaningful signals of change—rather than variability we would expect—care providers, improvement leaders, policy-makers, and the public will struggle to recognize if epidemic conditions are improving.

Methods
We developed a novel hybrid C-chart and I-chart to detect within a geographic area the start and end of exponential growth in reported deaths. Reported deaths were the unit of analysis owing to erratic reporting of cases from variability in local testing strategies. We used simulation and case studies to assess chart performance and define technical parameters. This approach also applies to other critical measures related to a pandemic when high-quality data are available.

Conclusions
The hybrid chart detected the start of exponential growth and identified early signals that the growth phase was ending. During a pandemic, timely reliable signals that an epidemic is waxing or waning may have mortal implications. This novel chart offers a practical tool, accessible to system leaders and frontline teams, to visualize and learn from daily reported deaths during an epidemic. Without Shewhart charts and, more broadly, a theory of variation in our epidemiological arsenal, we lack a scientific method for a real-time assessment of local conditions. Shewhart charts should become a standard method for learning from data in the context of a pandemic or epidemic.
Two Fatalities Involving Mebroqualone
Authors: Woods K M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mebroqualone is an analogue of methaqualone, and there is a very little published information regarding the toxicity of this designer drug. We describe two cases with non-lethal levels of mebroqualone in blood collected at autopsy. Case 1 was an accidental death that involved a house fire, and the decedent was found to have a blood mebroqualone concentration of 10,228 ng/mL. Case 2 was a completed suicide by train, and the decedent was found to have a blood concentration of 115 ng/mL. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the scientific literature to compare two postmortem blood concentrations of mebroqualone. Mebroqualone was extracted from postmortem blood using a simple liquid–liquid extraction procedure and analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
A Dragging-Down Effect: Consumer Decisions in Response to Price Increases
Authors: Zhang Shirley , Sussman Abigail B , Hsee Christopher K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Four studies, across a range of domains, find a dragging-down effect in which consumers purchase fewer units of a product when a discount applies to more units. For example, consumers buy fewer peaches when each customer can buy up to three peaches at a discount than when each customer can buy only one peach at a discount or when there is no discount at all. In contrast to basic economic principles, this dragging-down effect implies that consumers purchase less (more) when the per-unit price is lower (higher). We propose and our results support an acceptability account: consumers will adopt the price-increase point (i.e., maximum discounted quantity) as their purchase quantity if that point falls within an acceptable range, and will ignore that point and purchase their initially preferred quantity instead if the price-increase point falls below the acceptable range. The current work enriches existing research on anchoring and pricing and carries implications for consumers, marketers, and policy-makers.
The power of marvellous objects
Authors: Ciulisová Ingrid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the interest of Charles IV of Luxembourg (1316–1378), King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, in collecting gemstones, which has hitherto been little studied. It analyses this interest in connection with the fourteenth-century French royal court, and especially with the collecting activities of Charles V of Valois (1338–1380), King of France. Both of these sovereigns had an interest in ancient gems and they used them in the same manner; their practices prove to have been inspired by the reinvented traditions of the saintly Capetian monarch Louis IX, King of France, and of the ancient Roman Empire. This study shows how Charles of Luxembourg and Charles of Valois sought out and used precious and semi-precious stones as instruments of their royal self-images and claims to power.
Effects of leaf age, elevation and light conditions on photosynthesis and leaf traits in saplings of two evergreen conifers, Abies veitchii and A. mariesii
Authors: Suzuki Rina , Takahashi Koichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsSubalpine coniferous species are distributed over a wide range of elevations in which they must contend with stressful conditions, such as high elevations and extended periods of darkness. Two evergreen coniferous species, Abies veitchii and Abies mariesii, dominate at low and high elevations, respectively, in the subalpine zone, central Japan. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of leaf age, elevation and light conditions on photosynthetic rates through changes in morphological and physiological leaf traits in the two species.MethodsWe here examined effects of leaf age, elevation and light conditions on photosynthesis, and leaf traits in A. veitchii and A. mariesii. Saplings of the two conifers were sampled in the understory and canopy gaps at their lower (1600 m) and upper (2300 m) distribution limits.Important FindingsThe two species showed similar responses to leaf age and different responses to elevation and light conditions in photosynthesis and leaf traits. The maximum photosynthetic rate of A. veitchii is correlated negatively with leaf mass per area (LMA) and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration. LMA increased at high elevations in the two species, whereas NSC concentrations increased only in A. veitchii. Therefore, the maximum photosynthetic rate of A. veitchii decreased at high elevations. Furthermore, maximum photosynthetic rates correlate positively with nitrogen concentration in both species. In the understory, leaf nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased in A. veitchii and A. mariesii, respectively. LMA decreased and the chlorophyll-to-nitrogen ratio increased in understory conditions only for A. mariesii, suggesting it has a higher light-capture efficiency in dark conditions than does A. veitchii. This study concluded that A. mariesii has more shade-tolerant photosynthetic and leaf traits and its photosynthetic rate is less affected by elevation compared with A. veitchii, allowing A. mariesii to survive in the understory and to dominate at high elevations.
Reconstruction of the chest wall with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap after an infection of alloplastic material: a case report
Authors: Borisov Vladislav , Stieltjes Bram , Wiese Mark , Lardinois Didier 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Alloplastic material is often used for thoracic wall reconstruction following extended resection bringing the risk of infection, especially after chemotherapy and/or radiation. We present the case of a 66-year-old male with lung adenocarcinoma of the right lower lobe. After extended lobectomy, a partial resection of the sixth to eighth ribs followed by chest wall reconstruction with Mersilene mesh and osteosynthesis for sixth and seventh rib was performed. One month postoperatively, he developed pleural empyema. The alloplastic material was removed, extensive surgical debridement was performed and a latissimus dorsi muscle flap was used to cover the chest wall defect and fill out the remnant space supradiaphragmatically. Three years later, the patient has fully recovered with no local pain or relapse of the tumour. This case shows that rigid chest wall reconstruction with a soft autologous muscle flap is a valuable salvage option in case of infection, making alloplastic material highly risky.
The Significance of the Division of Linguistic Labor
Authors: Wagner Henri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis essay aims to explore the significance of Hilary Putnam’s reflections on the division of linguistic labor by putting them into contrast with those of Gareth Evans. Whereas Putnam’s reflections purport to uncover neglected aspects of the contribution of social environment to the meaning and the reference-fixing of conceptual terms, Evans’s reinterpretation of the division of linguistic labor results in obliterating its antisubjectivist and instrumentalist dimension. The crux of the disagreement between Putnam and Evans on the significance of the division of linguistic labor lies in Evans endorsing, while Putnam rejects, the principle of discrimination—a generalization of what Evans calls “Russell’s principle.”
Clinical trial of proton craniospinal irradiation for leptomeningeal metastases
Authors: Yang T Jonathan , Wijetunga Neil A , Yamada Josh , Wolden Suzanne , Mehallow Michelle , Goldman Debra A , Zhang Zhigang , Young Robert J , Kris Mark G , Yu Helena A , Seidman Andrew D , Gavrilovic Igor T , Lin Andrew , Santomasso Bianca , Grommes Christian , Piotrowski Anna F , Schaff Lauren , Stone Jacqueline B , DeAngelis Lisa M , Boire Adrienne , Pentsova Elena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are associated with limited survival and treatment options. While involved-field radiotherapy is effective for local palliation, it lacks durability. We evaluated the toxicities of proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI), a treatment encompassing the entire central nervous system (CNS) compartment, for patients with LM from solid tumors.

Methods
We enrolled patients with LM to receive hypofractionated proton CSI in this phase I prospective trial. The primary endpoint was to describe treatment-related toxicity, with dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) defined as any radiation-related grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity or grade 4 hematologic toxicity according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events that occurred during or within 4 weeks of completion of proton CSI. Secondary endpoints included CNS progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results
We enrolled 24 patients between June 2018 and April 2019. Their median follow-up was 11 months. Twenty patients were evaluable for protocol treatment–related toxicities and 21 for CNS PFS and OS. Two patients in the dose expansion cohort experienced DLTs consisted of grade 4 lymphopenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, and/or grade 3 fatigue. All DLTs resolved without medical intervention. The median CNS PFS was 7 months (95% CI: 5–13) and the median OS was 8 months (95% CI: 6 to not reached). Four patients (19%) were progression-free in the CNS for more than 12 months.

Conclusion
Hypofractionated proton CSI using proton therapy is a safe treatment for patients with LM from solid tumors. We saw durable disease control in some patients.