bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-based design of some quinazoline derivatives as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors
Authors: Ibrahim Muhammad Tukur , Uzairu Adamu , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Uba Sani 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer, most especially non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), was one of the major challenges encountered by the medicinal chemist in the world. The treatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase to manage NSCLCs becomes an urgent therapeutic necessity. NSCLC was the foremost cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to develop more EGFR inhibitors due to the development of drug resistance by the mutation. This research is aimed at designing new EGFR inhibitors using a structure-based design approach. Structure-based drug design comprises several steps such as protein structure retrieval and preparation, ligand library preparation, docking, and structural modification on the best hit compound to design new ones.

Result
Molecular docking virtual screening on fifty sets of quinazoline derivatives/epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors against their target protein (EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor PDB entry: 3IKA) and pharmacokinetic profile predictions were performed to identify hit compounds with promising affinities toward their target and good pharmacokinetic profiles. The hit compounds identified were compound 6 with a binding affinity of − 9.3 kcal/mol, compounds 5 and 8, each with a binding affinity of − 9.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The three hit compounds bound to EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor via four different types of interactions which include conventional hydrogen bond, carbon-hydrogen bond, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions, respectively. The best hit (compound 6) among the 3 hit compounds was retained as a template and used to design sixteen new EGFR inhibitors. The sixteen newly designed compounds were also docked into the active site of EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor to study their mode of interactions with the receptor. The binding affinities of these newly designed compounds range from − 9.5 kcal/mol to − 10.2 kcal/mol. The pharmacokinetic profile predictions of these newly designed compounds were further examined and found to be orally bioavailable with good absorption, low toxicity level, and permeable properties.

Conclusion
The sixteen newly designed EGFR inhibitors were found to have better binding affinities than the template used in the designing process and afatinib the positive control (an FDA approved EGFR inhibitor). None of these designed compounds was found to violate more than the permissible limit set by RO5. More so, the newly designed compounds were found to have good synthetic accessibility which indicates that these newly designed compounds can be easily synthesized in the laboratory.
More than smart pavements: connected infrastructure paves the way for enhanced winter safety and mobility on highways
Authors: Shi Xianming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCurrently, there is an urgent demand for more cost-effective, resource-efficient and reliable solutions to address safety and mobility challenges on highways enduring snowy winter weather. To address this pressing issue, this commentary proposes that the physical and digital infrastructures should be upgraded to take advantage of emerging technologies and facilitate the vehicle-infrastructure integration (VII), to better inform decision-makers at various levels. Driven by the paradigm shift towards more automation and more intelligent transportation, it is time to reimagine the vehicle-infrastructure ecosystem with the cold-climate issues in mind, and to enhance communications and coordination among various highway users and stakeholders. This commentary envisages the deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies to bring about transformative changes and substantial benefits in terms of enhanced winter safety and mobility on highways. At the center of the commentary is a conceptualized design of next-generation highways in cold climates, including the existing infrastructure entities that are appropriate for possible upgrade to connected infrastructure (CI) applications, to leverage the immensely expanded data availability fueled by better spatial and temporal coverage. The commentary also advances the idea that CI solutions can augment the sensing capabilities and confidence level of connected or autonomous vehicles. The application scenarios of VII system is then briefly explored, followed by some discussion of the paradigm shift towards V2X applications and a look to the future including some identified research needs in the arena of CI. This work aims to inspire dialogues and synergistic collaborations among various stakeholders of the VII revolution, because the specific challenges call for systematic, holistic, and multidisciplinary approaches accompanied by concerted efforts in the research, development, pilot testing, and deployment of CI technologies.
Curating the Christian Arts of Asia
Authors: Meegama Sujatha Arundathi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This essay examines the transformation of the Asian Civilisations Museum (ACM) into a global art histories museum. An analysis of the new Christian Art Gallery and its objects that date from the eighth through the twentieth century illuminates the ways in which the ACM engages with global art histories in a permanent gallery and not only through special exhibitions. This essay begins with a history of the ACM and its transition from a museum for the “ancestral cultures of Singapore” to one with a new mission focusing on multicultural Singapore and its connections to the wider world. Hence, taking a thematic approach, the ACM's new galleries question how museums generally display objects along national lines or regional boundaries. This essay also brings attention to the multiple mediums and functions of Christian art from both the geographical locations that usually are associated with Asian art and also from cultures that are rarely taught or exhibited, such as Timor-Leste, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. While showcasing the different moments that Christianity came to Asia, the museum also emphasizes the agencies of Asian artistic practitioners in those global encounters. Although appreciative of the ways in which the ACM's Christian Art Gallery reveal the various tensions within global art histories and break down hegemonic constructions of Christian art from Asia, this essay also offers a critique. Highlighting this unusual engagement with Christian art by an Asian art museum, the new gallery reveals that museums and exhibitions can add to the conversations on global art histories.
Hidden in Plain Sight
Authors: Linrothe Rob 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This is a review article of Janet Gyatso's 2015 award-winning book, Being Human in a Buddhist World: An Intellectual History of Medicine in Early Modern Tibet. The art-historical aspects of the book—mainly confined to the first chapter, “Reading Paintings, Painting the Medical, Medicalizing the State” and based on a perceptive art-historical reading of a set of medical paintings and its copies—had yet to be reviewed by an academically-trained art historian. This review underscores the fine art-historical insights deserving the attention of art historians working in parallel contexts of the often tense relationship between religious and empirical epistemologies. At the same time, the evaluation of certain readings of the visual record lead to suggested revisions in the support they provide to Gyatso's primary argument. In addition, other precedents of depictions “from life” in Tibetan art history are offered to help contextualize claims of originality or uniqueness. Finally, an analysis is presented of less formal, freehand painting versus more formalized, iconometric execution, calibrated with vernacular subject matter versus iconographically predetermined themes. Both of the painting modes and subject types are combined in the painting set analyzed by Gyatso supporting her assessment of the innovation of the artists selected by the patron, Desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653–1705).
Grafting of Fluorescence-labeled ssDNA onto Inorganic Nanosheets and Detection of a Target DNA
Authors: Anraku Shinya , Kaneko Yoshiro , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A single stranded DNA (ssDNA) labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was grafted on hexaniobate nanosheets as confirmed by infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, and confocal laser scanning microscopy; this is the first case that a ssDNA was grafted on nanosheets. The grafted ssDNA retained the capability of hybridization with complementary ssDNA to form double stranded DNA so that the fluorescence of FITC was effectively quenched by hybridization with the target ssDNA having a quencher moiety.
14N NMR Evidence for Initial Production of NH3 Accompanied by Alcohol from the Hydrolysis of Ethylamine and Butylamine in Supercritical Water
Authors: Yoshida Ken , Yoshioka Haruka , Ushigusa Natsuko , Nakahara Masaru 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A 14N and 1H NMR spectroscopic study was carried out to shed light on microscopic aspects of the reaction of model alkylamines at a supercritical temperature of 400 °C. It is disclosed that NH3 and ROH (R = CH3CH2 and CH3 (CH2)3) are initially produced from the hydrolysis of ethylamine and butylamine, respectively. When the water density is doubled from 0.2 g cm−3, the pseudo-first-order reaction rate is markedly enhanced beyond the linear response. It suggests that the transition state of the C-N bond cleavage is in a dipolar (ionic) state that can be more stabilized due to the many-body solvation by highly polar water molecules at a higher density.
Integration of health solutions into government systems: a tool for assessing readiness
Authors: Lawrence Emily , Pain Amanda , Crawford Jessica , Baker Kim , Bechtel Ruth , Coelho Aida L. , Ofumane Alvo , Roussel Joseph , Magadzire Bvudzai 
Published: November 2020

Government partnerships are essential for many health solutions to sustain impact at scale, particularly in low-resource settings where strengthening health systems is critical for Universal Health Coverage. Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and funders ultimately want solutions to be integrated into public health systems by transitioning solution ownership, management and/or operation to government. However, NGOs and their government partners have limited guidance on how to effectively determine when a solution is ready to transition in a way that will maintain impact long term. To address this need, VillageReach developed the Transition Readiness Assessment (TRA) based on our transition to government theoretical framework. The framework was developed to define both factors related to a solution, as well as external influences that affect a solution’s success. The framework identifies seven dimensions of solution readiness: the political, economic, and social context; solution design; resource availability; financial management; government strategy; government policy and regulations; and organizational management. The TRA measures those dimensions and assigns each one a readiness score. We developed the framework and TRA for VillageReach solutions, as well as to share with government partners and stakeholders. This Open Letter outlines the TRA development, details empirical examples from applying the tool on two VillageReach solutions, and presents recommendations based on our lessons learned. Stakeholders working to transition solutions to government can utilize both the TRA and our lessons.
Linking death registration and survey data: Procedures and cohort profile for The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: Ward Mark , May Peter , Briggs Robert , McNicholas Triona , Normand Charles , Kenny Rose Anne , Nolan Anne 
Published: November 2020

Background: Research on mortality at the population level has been severely restricted by an absence of linked death registration and survey data in Ireland. We describe the steps taken to link death registration information with survey data from a nationally representative prospective study of community-dwelling older adults. We also provide a profile of decedents among this cohort and compare mortality rates to population-level mortality data. Finally, we compare the utility of analysing underlying versus contributory causes of death. Methods: Death records were obtained for 779 and linked to individual level survey data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Results: Overall, 9.1% of participants died during the nine-year follow-up period and the average age at death was 75.3 years. Neoplasms were identified as the underlying cause of death for 37.0%; 32.9% of deaths were attributable to diseases of the circulatory system; 14.4% due to diseases of the respiratory system; while the remaining 15.8% of deaths occurred due to all other causes. Mortality rates among younger TILDA participants closely aligned with those observed in the population but TILDA mortality rates were slightly lower in the older age groups. Contributory cause of death provides similar estimates as underlying cause when we examined the association between smoking and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Conclusions: This new data infrastructure provides many opportunities to contribute to our understanding of the social, behavioural, economic, and health antecedents to mortality and to inform public policies aimed at addressing inequalities in mortality and end-of-life care.
Screening of cardiovascular risk assessment accuracy of anthropometric indices in Indian children and adolescents
Authors: Aggarwal Mohit , Singh Shailendra , Bansal Anubhuti , Desiraju Bapu Koundinya , Agrawal Anurag 
Published: November 2020

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is the most popular anthropometric marker to define obesity and cardiometabolic risk. BMI is limited in its ability to discriminate central adiposity and other indices such as waist circumference (WC), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) could be a better choice. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relative accuracy of these indices for the prediction of hypertension in Indian children and young adults. Methods: Anthropometric indices and blood pressure measurements were obtained in 2609 adolescent children and young adults (10-20 years) across a national residential school system. Z-scores were calculated for anthropometric parameters using the Box-Cox-Cole-Green method and World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. Hypertension was defined using the sex, age and height specific cutoffs for systolic blood pressure. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to examine the predictive ability. Results: Girls had higher BMI for age in our dataset (p < 0.001), along with higher odds for stunting (95% CI: 1.21 – 1.88) as well as central obesity (95% CI: 2.44 – 3.99). Hypertension was seen in 10.6% of the subjects, with higher age, and higher BMI or WHtR as the predictors. Prehypertension was higher in males (p <0.001). WHtR had acceptable but modest discrimination ability for hypertension (AUC > 0.6) in boys (AUC=0.62) and girls (AUC=0.66). Performance of BMI was better in boys (AUC = 0.67) but poor in girls (AUC = 0.55) Conclusion: WHtR was a better predictor of hypertension in Indian adolescent girls and could be used as an augmented parameter to BMI for a better assessment of cardiovascular risk.
The Assessment and Minimally Invasive Management of Existing Restorations
Authors: Blum Igor R 
Published: November 2020

This article provides an overview of current knowledge and understanding of existing criteria for the assessment of dental restorations and encourages dental practitioners to shift, if not already doing so, to considering minimally invasive interventions for manging deteriorating restorations. The repair of restorations in such a way extends longevity of the restoration without sacrificing intact, healthy tooth tissue, and is in the best interest of patients in terms of biological and economic costs. The replacement of a restoration should be only considered as a last resort, when there are no other viable alternatives. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Standardised assessment of dental restorations, using established criteria for clinical judgement and decision-making, is particularly important when managing deteriorating restorations in clinical practice. Minimally invasive management of such restorations, in terms of restoration repair strategies, should be viewed as a safe, viable and effective alternative to other more invasive treatments. The reader should understand the clinical evaluation of dental restorations based on reported standardised parameters and appreciate the benefits of minimally invasive management of deteriorating, yet serviceable, dental restorations in clinical practice.
Outcome Measures for Core Symptoms of Intellectual Disability: State of the Field
Authors: Thurm Audrey , Kelleher Bridgette , Wheeler Anne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is defined by impairments in intellectual and adaptive functioning. As such, tools designed to assess these domains would theoretically be ideal outcome measures for treatment trials targeting core symptoms of ID. However, measures of intellectual and adaptive functioning have rarely been used as primary outcome measures to date and further study is needed regarding their usefulness to measure change. This area of inquiry is important because promising, mechanism-modifying treatments for conditions leading to ID are being initiated. To show efficacy, these treatments need to demonstrate an impact on core features of ID. After reviewing literature on this topic, we suggest solutions to several problems outlined, including use of out-of-age-range testing, alternative metrics, and development of new measures.
Factors associated with mechanical device-related complications in tube fed patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Gimenes Fernanda Raphael Escobar , Baracioli Flávia Fernanda Luchetti Rodrigues , Medeiros Adriane Pinto de , Prado Patricia Rezende do , Koepp Janine , Pereira Marta Cristiane Alves , Travisani Camila Baungartner , Rabeh Soraia Assad Nasbine , Souza Fabiana Bolela de , Miasso Adriana Inocenti 
Published: November 2020

Aims
To identify the types of nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NGT/NET)-related adverse events and to analyze the degree of harm and the factors associated with mechanical device-related complications.

Materials and methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2019 in seven Brazilian hospitals. Data from 447 adult patients with NGT/NET were collected through electronic forms. Three methods were used to assess the NGT/NET-related adverse events: (1) encouraging spontaneous reports; (2) regular visits to the wards; and (3) review of medical records. The events were classified as mechanical device-related complications and other events. The degree of harm was classified according to the World Health Organization’s International Classification for Patient Safety. Data were analyzed using the R program, version 3.5.3. The following tests were applied to identify associations between the explanatory and response variables: Cochran-Armitage Chi-Square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Linear-by-linear Chi-Square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the predictors of mechanical device-related complications. All analyses were performed considering a 5% significance level.

Results
191 NGT/NET-related adverse events were identified in 116 patients; the majority were mechanical device-related complications and resulted in mild harm to the patient. At the moment of the event, patients had a mean of 3.27 comorbidities, were highly dependent on nursing care, with high risk of death and altered level of consciousness. There was no association between the degree of harm and the care complexity, disease severity or level of consciousness. Intensive care was the strongest predictor for mechanical device-related complications and critical patients had a four times greater likelihood of presenting this type of event when compared to patients receiving minimal care.

Conclusion
Intensive care patients should receive special attention as the complexity of care is an important predictor for mechanical device-related complications in tube fed patients.
Antibody profiling and prevalence in US patients during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic
Authors: Krishnamurthy Hari Krishnan , Jayaraman Vasanth , Krishna Karthik , Rajasekaran Karenah E. , Wang Tianhao , Bei Kang , Rajasekaran John J. , Yaskin Inna , Rai Alex J. , Choung Rok Seon , Murray Joseph A. 
Published: November 2020

Background
Antibody diagnostics play an important role in disease detection and can potentially aid in monitoring of the immune responses to see if an individual has developed immunity. Developing high throughput diagnostics which does not involve handling of infectious material becomes imperative in the case of pandemics such as the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV2.

Methods
A protein microarray technology was used to detect the plurality of antibody response to four novel antigens namely S1 glycoprotein, Receptor binding domain (RBD), S2 glycoprotein and Nucleoprotein of the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV2 using serum samples. A DBS card was additionally used to compare its performance with a venipuncture-based serum separator tube (SST) draw.

Results
The three main subclasses of antibodies IgM, IgA and IgG were analyzed to see the variations in immune responses in the affected population and compared to their microbial RT-PCR based NP swab results. The clinical sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 99.67% and 99.77%. In the matrix comparison study, which would enable patients to test without risk of transmitting the virus, DBS (Dried Blood Spot) matched with higher than 98% accuracy to a venipuncture-based SST collection.

Conclusion
Multiplex testing enables higher sensitivity and specificity which is essential while establishing exposure on a population scale. This flexible platform along with a discrete collection methodology would be crucial and broadly useful to scale up testing in current and future pandemics. Minimum sample volume that can be collected using DBS cards can be processed in this multiplex pillar plate format enabling the capacity to provide the reliability of high throughput analyzers while having the ease of collection similar to rapid tests.
Borders and Border Crossings in the Contemporary British Short Story, Barbara Korte and Laura Mª Lojo-Rodríguez (eds) (2019)
Authors: March-Russell Paul 
Published: November 2020

Review of: Borders and Border Crossings in the Contemporary British Short Story, Barbara Korte and Laura Mª Lojo-Rodríguez (eds) (2019)
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 289 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-030-30358-7, h/bk, £89.99
A Companion to African Cinema, Kenneth Harrow and Carmela Garritano (eds) (2019)
Authors: Mututa Addamms Songe 
Published: November 2020

Review of: A Companion to African Cinema, Kenneth Harrow and Carmela Garritano (eds) (2019)
Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 515 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-11910-005-8, ePDF $172.99,
ISBN: 978-1-119-10031-7, h/bk $215