bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a Novel Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Incorporated in UiO‐66 Nanocages for the Efficient Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐d]Pyrimidines
Authors: Mirhosseini‐Eshkevari Boshra , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali , Esnaashari Manzarbanoo , Ganjali Saeed Taghvaei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn efficient, environmentally friendly and convenient route is described for the synthesis of pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidines by using TEDA‐BAIL@UiO‐66 as a novel catalyst. In this procedure, a series of pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized via the three‐component reactions of 6‐aminouracils, substituted aromatic aldehydes and urea or thiourea in the presence of triethylenediamine Brønsted acidic ionic liquid supported in Zr metal‐organic framework (TEDA‐BAIL@UiO‐66) as a novel catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. Excellent yields and no tedious separation procedures are the key advantages of the present method, which produced the desired products in high yields and short reaction times. Also, the catalyst was fully characterized by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis.
Pseudorotaxanes Constructed from Cucurbit uril and Linear Bispyridinium Ethylene Derivatives
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yan , Zhou Yang , Zhao Jie , Fan Ying , Bian Bing , Tao Zhu , Xiao Xin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of linear molecules (G1, G2 and G3) containing a long alkyl (decane) bispyridinium ethylene and an imidazole moiety bearing aliphatic substituents at the imidazole nitrogen were synthesized as an axle. Mixing cucurbituril (Q[7]) and these axle molecules in aqueous solution led to the spontaneous formation of Q[7]‐wheeled [3]pseudorotaxanes, [4]pseudorotaxanes and [5]pseudorotaxanes, which were studied by 1H NMR, UV, and fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and DLS. These Q[7]‐based pseudorotaxanes could be manipulated by controlling the amount of Q[7]. For G1 and G2 systems, increasing the amount of Q[7] altered the host‐guest interaction from a dumbbell‐shaped structure ([3]pseudorotaxanes) to a [4]pseudorotaxane structure. For the G3 system, increasing the amount of Q[7] changed the dumbbell‐shaped structure into a [5]pseudorotaxane structure. This indicated that the alkyl chain attached to the imidazole nitrogen could also influence the mode of pseudorotaxanes.
Metal Oxides with Distinctive Valence States in an Electron‐Rich Matrix Enable Stable High‐Capacity Anodes for Li Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jipeng , Dong Liwei , Chen Dongjiang , Han Yupei , Liang Yifang , Yang Mengqiu , Han Jiecai , Yang Chunhui , He Weidong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal oxides are arguably a promising solution to next‐generation high‐energy‐density anode materials. In particular, molybdenum oxides own high theoretical specific capacity (1117 and 838 mA h g−1 for MoO3 and MoO2, respectively), high chemical stability, and low cost. The low electronic conductivity of MoO3 limits their charge–discharge rate performances and delithiation capability. By controlling the valence state of MoOx with carbon, partial MoO3 can be reduced to MoO2 with low electrical resistance and high‐rate capacity. Nonetheless, both molybdenum oxides undergo large‐volume expansion/shrinkage and even pulverization in the lithiation/delithiation process. Herein, through a facile pyrolysis method a MoOx/N‐doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) anode with controllable valence states of Mo is designed. The high conductivity and flexibility of the NCNT matrix form a stable MoO2/MoO3 anode with finely matched lattices and coordinated 3d electrons. Owing to molecularly close contact between electron‐rich CNTs and MoOx, MoOx/NCNTs own a high conductivity of 0.36 S cm−1, and mitigate the volume expansion in charges and discharges. The MoO3/MoO2/NCNTs anode delivers an unparalleled high gravimetric capacity of 970 mA h g−1, over 100‐cycle stability and high rate capability.
A Monte-Carlo simulation of double parton scattering
Authors: Cabouat Baptiste , Gaunt Jonathan R. , Ostrolenk Kiran 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work, a new Monte-Carlo simulation of double parton scattering (DPS) at parton level is presented. The simulation is based on the QCD framework developed recently by M. Diehl, J. R. Gaunt and K. Schönwald. With this framework, the dynamics of the 1 → 2 perturbative splittings is consistently included inside the simulation, with the impact-parameter dependence taken into account. The simulation evolves simultaneously two hard systems from a common hard scale down to the hadronic scale. The evolution is performed using an angular-ordered parton shower which is combined with a set of double parton distributions that depend explicitly on the inter-parton distance. An illustrative study is performed in the context of same-sign WW production at the LHC, with the quark content of the proton being limited to three flavours. In several distributions we see differences compared to DPS models in Herwig, Pythia, and the DPS “pocket formula”.
Linearly polarized gluons at next-to-next-to leading order and the Higgs transverse momentum distribution
Authors: Gutierrez-Reyes Daniel , Leal-Gomez Sergio , Scimemi Ignazio , Vladimirov Alexey 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We calculate the small-b (or large-qT) matching of transverse momentum de- pendent (TMD) distribution for linearly polarized gluons to the integrated gluon distributions at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). This is the last missing part for the complete NNLO prediction of the Higgs spectrum within TMD factorization. We discuss the numerical impact of the correction so derived to the qT -differential cross-section for Higgs boson production and to the positivity bound for linearly polarized gluon transverse momentum distribution.
SSD1 modifies phenotypes of Elongator mutants
Authors: Xu Fu , Byström Anders S. , Johansson Marcus J. O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe translational decoding properties of tRNAs are influenced by post-transcriptional modification of nucleosides in their anticodon region. The Elongator complex promotes the first step in the formation of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm5), 5-methoxycarbonylhydroxymethyl (mchm5), and 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm5) groups on wobble uridine residues in eukaryotic cytosolic tRNAs. Elongator mutants in yeast, worms, plants, mice, and humans not only show a tRNA modification defect, but also a diverse range of additional phenotypes. Even though the phenotypes are almost certainly caused by the reduced functionality of the hypomodified tRNAs in translation, the basis for specific phenotypes is not well understood. Here, we discuss the recent finding that the phenotypes ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeElongator mutants are modulated by the genetic background. This background-effect is largely due to the allelic variation at theSSD1locus, which encodes an mRNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. A nonsensessd1allele is found in several wild-type laboratory strains and the presence of this allele aggravates the stress-induced phenotypes of Elongator mutants. Moreover, other phenotypes, such as the histone acetylation and telomeric gene silencing defects, are dependent on the mutantssd1allele. Thus,SSD1is a genetic modifier of the phenotypes of Elongator-deficient yeast cells.
The inguinal region revisited: the surgical point of view
Authors: Konschake M. , Zwierzina M. , Moriggl B. , Függer R. , Mayer F. , Brunner W. , Schmid T. , Chen D. C. , Fortelny R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeInguinodynia or chronic post-herniorrhaphy pain, defined as pain lasting longer than 3 months after open inguinal hernia repair, has become the most important complication after inguinal surgery and therefore compromises the patient´s quality of life. A major reason for inguinodynia might be the lack of neuroanatomical knowledge and suboptimal “management” of the nerves during surgery.MethodsWe present a detailed neuroanatomic mapping of the inguinal region by dissection including the most important surgical landmarks with all nerves confirmed by immunohistochemistry, ultrasound guided visualization of the iliohypogastric, ilio-inguinal, and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, and a practical (preoperative) algorithm for clinical management.ResultsSurgically and ultrasonographically relevant structures (“landmarks”) in open hernia repair are the anterior–superior iliac spine, pubic tubercle, Camper´s fascia (superficial layer of the superficial abdominal fascia), External oblique aponeurosis, Internal oblique muscle, Transversus abdominis muscle, superficial inguinal ring, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia with cremaster muscle fibers, internal spermatic fascia, cremasteric vein (=external spermatic vein = “blue line”), ductus deferens, pampiniform plexus, inguinal ligament and the inferior epigastric vessels.ConclusionA detailed understanding of inguinal anatomy is an indispensable basic requirement for all surgeons to perform inguinal ultrasonography as well as open inguinal hernia repair, avoiding complications, especially postoperative inguinodynia.
Female sex as independent risk factor for chronic pain following elective incisional hernia repair: registry-based, propensity score-matched comparison
Authors: Köckerling F. , Hoffmann H. , Adolf D. , D.Weyhe  , Reinpold W. , Koch A. , Kirchhoff P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction
To date, little attention has been paid by surgical scientific studies to sex as a potential influence factor on the outcome. Therefore, there is a sex bias in the surgical literature. With an incidence of more than 20% after 3 years, incisional hernias are a common complication following abdominal surgical procedures. The proportion of women affected is around 50%. There are very few references in the literature to the influence of sex on the outcome of elective incisional hernia repair.

Materials and methods
In all, 22,895 patients with elective incisional hernia repair from the Herniamed Registry were included in the study. The patients had undergone elective incisional hernia repair in a laparoscopic IPOM, open sublay, open IPOM, open onlay or suture technique. 1-year follow-up was available for all patients. Propensity score matching was performed for the 11,480 female (50.1%) and 11,415 male (49.9%) patients, creating 8138 pairs (82.0%) within fixed surgical procedures.

Results
For pain on exertion (11.7% vs 18.3%; p < 0.001), pain at rest (7.53% vs 11.1%; p < 0.001), and pain requiring treatment (5.4% vs 9.1%; p < 0.001) highly significant disadvantages were identified for the female sex when comparing the different results within the matched pairs. That was also confirmed on comparing sex within the individual surgical procedures. No sex-specific differences were identified for the postoperative complications, complication-related reoperations or recurrences. Less favorable intraoperative complication results in the female sex were observed only for the onlay technique.

Conclusions
Female sex is an independent risk factor for chronic pain after elective incisional hernia repair.
The influence of arm positions on abdominal image quality of whole-body computed tomography in trauma: systematic review
Authors: Speelman E. S. , Brocx B. , Wilbers J. E. , de Bie M. J. , Ivashchenko O. , Tank Y. , van der Molen A. J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) is the standard diagnostic method for evaluating polytrauma patients. When patients are unable to elevate their arms, the arms are placed along the body, which affects the image quality negatively. Aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the influence of below the shoulder arm positions on image quality of WBCT.

Methods
Literature in PubMed and Scopus databases was systematically searched. Results of the papers were stratified into 4 categories: arms elevated, 1 arm up 1 arm down, arms ventrally supported, arms along the body. A qualitative analysis was performed on subjective image quality and a quantitative analysis on objective quality (image noise).

Results
Eight studies were included with 1421 participants. Various studies reported significantly higher quality scores with arms elevated, compared to arms along the body. Significant differences in objective image quality were found between the arms elevated and the arms ventrally on support group. The arms ventrally supported group had a significantly higher image quality than the arms along the body group. A statistically significant difference was found in objective image quality between the 1 arm up 1 arm down and arms along the body group. No preferential below the shoulders position could be identified.

Conclusion
Positioning the arms alongside the body results in a poor image quality. Placing the arms on a pillow ventrally to the chest improves image quality. Interestingly, asymmetrical arm positioning has potential to improve the image quality for patients that are unable to elevate the arms.
Genomic methods in profiling DNA accessibility and factor localization
Authors: Klein David C. , Hainer Sarah J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent advancements in next-generation sequencing technologies and accompanying reductions in cost have led to an explosion of techniques to examine DNA accessibility and protein localization on chromatin genome-wide. Generally, accessible regions of chromatin are permissive for factor binding and are therefore hotspots for regulation of gene expression; conversely, genomic regions that are highly occupied by histone proteins are not permissive for factor binding and are less likely to be active regulatory regions. Identifying regions of differential accessibility can be useful to uncover putative gene regulatory regions, such as enhancers, promoters, and insulators. In addition, DNA-binding proteins, such as transcription factors that preferentially bind certain DNA sequences and histone proteins that form the core of the nucleosome, play essential roles in all DNA-templated processes. Determining the genomic localization of chromatin-bound proteins is therefore essential in determining functional roles, sequence motifs important for factor binding, and regulatory networks controlling gene expression. In this review, we discuss techniques for determining DNA accessibility and nucleosome positioning (DNase-seq, FAIRE-seq, MNase-seq, and ATAC-seq) and techniques for detecting and functionally characterizing chromatin-bound proteins (ChIP-seq, DamID, and CUT&RUN). These methods have been optimized to varying degrees of resolution, specificity, and ease of use. Here, we outline some advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, their general protocols, and a brief discussion of their development. Together, these complimentary approaches have provided an unparalleled view of chromatin architecture and functional gene regulation.
GPML: an XML-based standard for the interchange of genetic programming trees
Authors: Dou Tiantian , Kaszubowski Lopes Yuri , Rockett Peter , Hathway Elizabeth A. , Saber Esmail 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe propose a genetic programming markup language (GPML), an XML-based standard for the interchange of genetic programming trees, and outline the benefits such a format would bring in allowing the deployment of trained genetic programming (GP) models in applications as well as the subsidiary benefit of allowing GP researchers to directly share trained trees. We present a formal definition of this standard and describe details of an implementation. In addition, we present a case study where GPML is used to implement a model predictive controller for the control of a building heating plant.
Syntax and processing in Seediq: an event-related potential study
Authors: Yano Masataka , Niikuni Keiyu , Ono Hajime , Sato Manami , Tang Apay Ai-yu , Koizumi Masatoshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn many languages with subject-before-object as a syntactically basic word order, transitive sentences in which the subject precedes the object have been reported to have a processing advantage over those in which the subject follows the object in sentence comprehension. Three sources can be considered to account for this advantage, namely, syntactic complexity (filler-gap dependency), conceptual accessibility (the order of thematic roles), and pragmatic requirement. To examine the effect of these factors on the processing of simple transitive sentences, the present study conducted two event-related potential experiments in Seediq, an Austronesian language spoken in Taiwan, by manipulating word orders (basic VOS vs. non-basic SVO), the order of thematic roles (actor vs. goal voice), and discourse factors (presence/absence of visual context). The results showed that, compared to VOS, SVO incurred a greater processing load (reflected by a P600) when there was no supportive context, irrespective of voice alternation; however, SVO did not incur a greater processing load when there was supportive context and the discourse requirement was satisfied. We interpreted these results as evidence that the processing difficulty of the non-basic word order in Seediq is associated with a discourse-level processing difficulty.
Feasibility study for applying the lower-order derivative fast Padé transform to measured time signals
Authors: Belkić Dževad , Belkić Karen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMagnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), as a powerful and versatile diagnostic modality in physics, chemistry, medicine and other basic and applied sciences, depends critically upon reliable signal processing. It provides time signals by encoding, but cannot quantify on its own. Mathematical methods do so. The signal processor of choice for MRS is the fast Padé transform (FPT). The spectrum in the FPT is the unique polynomial quotient for the given Maclaurin expansion. The parametric FPT (parameter estimator) performs quantification of time signals encoded with MRS by explicitly solving the spectral analysis problem. Thus far, the non-parametric FPT (shape estimator) could not quantify. However, the non-parametric derivative fast Padé transform (dFPT) can quantify despite performing shape estimation alone. The dFPT was successfully benchmarked on synthesized MRS time signals for derivative orders ranging from 1 to 50. It simultaneously improved resolution (by splitting apart tightly overlapped peaks) and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (by suppressing the background baseline). The same advantageous features of improving both resolution and signal-to-noise ratio are presently found to be upheld with encoded MRS time signals. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the dFPT hugely outperforms the derivative fast Fourier transform even for derivatives of orders as low as four. The clinical implications are discussed.
Stunting Among Under 5-Year-Olds in Nepal: Trends and Risk Factors
Authors: Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Bhandari Amit , Gurung Rejina , Gurung Abhishek , KC Ashish 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction
The nutritional status in the first 5 years of life has lifelong and inter-generational impacts on individual’s potential and development. This study described the trend of stunting and its risk factors in children under 5 years of age between 2001 and 2016 in Nepal.

Methods
The study used datasets from the 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic Health Surveys to describe the trend of stunting in under 5-year children. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to assess the risk factors for stunting at the time of the four surveys.

Results
The nutritional status of under 5-year children improved between 2001 and 2016. Babies born into poorer families had a higher risk of stunting than those born into wealthier families (AOR 1.51, CI 95% 1.23–1.87). Families residing in hill districts had less risk of stunting than those in the Terai plains (AOR 0.75, CI 95% 0.61–0.94). Babies born to uneducated women had a higher risk of stunting than those born to educated women (AOR 1.57, CI 95% 1.28–1.92).

Discussion
Stunting among under-5-year children decreased in the years spanning 2001–2016. This study demonstrated multiple factors that can be addressed to decrease the risk of stunting, which has important implications for neurodevelopment later in life. We add literature on risk factors for stunting in under-5-year children.
What is conditionalization, and why should we do it?
Authors: Pettigrew Richard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConditionalization is one of the central norms of Bayesian epistemology.
But there are a number of competing formulations, and a number of arguments that purport to establish it. In this paper, I explore which formulations of the norm are supported by which arguments. In their standard formulations, each of the arguments I consider here depends on the same assumption, which I call Deterministic Updating. I will investigate whether it is possible to amend these arguments so that they no longer depend on it. As I show, whether this is possible depends on the formulation of the norm under consideration.
Untargeted analysis of plasma samples from pre-eclamptic women reveals polar and apolar changes in the metabolome
Authors: Sander Katrin N. , Kim Dong-Hyun , Ortori Catharine A. , Warren Averil Y. , Anyanwagu Uchenna C. , Hay Daniel P. , Broughton Pipkin Fiona , Khan Raheela N. , Barrett David A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive gestational disorder that affects approximately 5% of all pregnancies.

Objectives
As the pathophysiological processes of pre-eclampsia are still uncertain, the present case–control study explored underlying metabolic processes characterising this disease.

Methods
Maternal peripheral plasma samples were collected from pre-eclamptic (n = 32) and healthy pregnant women (n = 35) in the third trimester. After extraction, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics was used to profile polar and apolar metabolites and the resulting data were analysed via uni- and multivariate statistical approaches.

Results
The study demonstrated that the metabolome undergoes substantial changes in pre-eclamptic women. Amongst the most discriminative metabolites were hydroxyhexacosanoic acid, diacylglycerols, glycerophosphoinositols, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolites, bile acids and products of amino acid metabolism.

Conclusions
The putatively identified compounds provide sources for novel hypotheses to help understanding of the underlying biochemical pathology of pre-eclampsia.
Oil, the Baltic Dry index, market (il)liquidity and business cycles: evidence from net oil-exporting/oil-importing countries
Authors: Said Husaini , Giouvris Evangelos 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe recent financial crisis has made (il)liquidity research more significant than ever. Galariotis and Giouvris (Int Rev Financ Anal 38:44–69, 2015) find evidence that market liquidity may contain information for predicting the state of the economy. Similar to (il)liquidity, oil is an important indicator of the future state of the economy (GDP). We consider five predictive variables, namely national/global illiquidity, foreign exchange, Baltic Dry, and oil. Our findings show that (1) global illiquidity provides greater overall explanatory power compared to national illiquidity (even for developed oil exporters: Norway, Canada, and Denmark). (2) Oil is the most important predictive variable for oil exporters (especially for emerging oil exporters suggesting over-reliance), while Baltic Dry appears to be more important for oil importers. (3) FX has extra power over financial variables mainly for emerging oil exporters. Finally, there is a two-way causality between GDP and our predictive variables: (4) For oil exporters, the two-way causality between oil and GDP remains, while for net oil importers, we observe a one-way causality from GDP to oil.