bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature and host diet jointly influence the outcome of infection in a Daphnia‐fungal parasite system
Authors: Manzi Florent , Agha Ramsy , Lu Yameng , Ben‐Ami Frida , Wolinska Justyna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Climate change has the potential to shape the future of infectious diseases, both directly and indirectly. In aquatic systems, for example, elevated temperatures can modulate the infectivity of waterborne parasites and affect the immune response of zooplanktonic hosts. Moreover, lake warming causes shifts in the communities of primary producers towards cyanobacterial dominance, thus lowering the quality of zooplankton diet. This may further affect host fitness, resulting in suboptimal resources available for parasite growth.

Previous experimental studies have demonstrated the respective effects of temperature and host diet on infection outcomes, using the zooplankter Daphnia and its microparasites as model systems. Although cyanobacteria blooms and heat waves are concurrent events in nature, few attempts have been made to combine both stressors in experimental settings.

Here, we raised the zooplankter Daphnia (two genotypes) under a full factorial design with varying levels of temperature (the standard 19°C and elevated 23°C), food quality (Scenedesmus obliquus as high‐quality green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa and Planktothrix agardhii as low‐quality cyanobacteria) and exposed them to the parasitic yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata. We recorded life history parameters of the host as well as parasite traits related to transmission.

The combination of low‐quality cyanobacterial diets and elevated temperature resulted in additive detrimental effects on host fecundity. Low‐quality diets reduced parasite output, while temperature effects were context dependent. Overall, we argue that the combined effects of elevated water temperature and poor‐quality diets may decrease epidemics of a common fungal parasite under a climate change scenario.
Episodic and Chronic Cluster Headache: Differences in Family History, Traumatic Head Injury, and Chronorisk
Authors: Barloese Mads C. J. , Beske Rasmus P. , Petersen Anja S. , Haddock Bryan , Lund Nunu , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: December 2019

Objective and BackgroundThe diagnostic criteria of episodic and chronic cluster headache (cCH) were recently modified, yet pathophysiological differences between the two are still unclear. The aim of this cross‐sectional study is to identify and characterize other differences between episodic and cCH.MethodsData from a retrospective, questionnaire‐ and interview‐based study were analyzed with a focus on associated factors including traumatic head injury (THI), familial history, and change of phenotype. Attack patterns were analyzed using Gaussian and spectral modeling.Results400 patients and 200 controls participated. A positive family history was more prevalent in chronic than episodic cluster headache (eCH) (34/146 (23%) vs 33/253 (13%), respectively, P = .008). A history of THI was more common in patients than controls (173/400 (43%) vs 51/200 (26%), respectively, P < .0001) and in chronic compared to eCH (77/146 (53%) vs 96/253 (37%), respectively, P = .004). Patients with a positive family history had a unique diurnal attack pattern with twice the risk of nocturnal attacks as patients who did not report family history. Patients reporting phenotype change had a chronobiological fingerprint similar to the phenotype they had experienced a transition into. A higher attack frequency in chronic patients was the only difference in symptom manifestation across all analyzed subgroups of patients.ConclusionscCH is associated with a positive family history and THI. In familial CH, a peak in nocturnal chronorisk may implicate genes involved in diurnal‐, sleep‐ and homeostatic regulation. The stereotypical nature of the CH attacks themselves is confirmed and differences between subgroups should be sought in other characteristics.
Research and recovery: Can patient participation in research promote recovery for people with complex post‐traumatic stress disorder, CPTSD?
Authors: Matheson Catherine , Weightman Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundA new diagnosis of complex post‐traumatic stress disorder, CPTSD, has been agreed by the World Health Organization, WHO, and evidence is needed for what psychological treatment might be effective, particularly from those with experience of the disorder. We used a novel participatory approach to explore patient views and simultaneously studied the impact on the patient researchers of the research process itself. In this paper, we report on the latter section of the study how the involvement in research of patients with CPTSD affected their mental health. Symptoms of CPTSD may include emotional dysregulation, feelings of self‐worthlessness and difficulties in relationships.ObjectiveThe aim of this study section was to explore whether patients’ mental health could be promoted through empowering them to participate in research on CPTSD.DesignThe study had a qualitative, participatory design. The clinician who led the research (first author) held group meetings with patient researchers to explore the impact of the research process. The clinician also kept notes on the process in a reflective log.Setting and participantsSix patient researchers participated in research with other patients with lived experience of CPTSD in an NHS outpatient unit in a London hospital.Intervention studiedThe research process itself was analysed in group meetings with researchers which the clinician recorded and transcribed.FindingsParticipation in research may promote increased self‐confidence and social inclusion for those with CPTSD.ConclusionInvolvement in research may be seen as an empowering intervention because patients felt it contributed to recovery.
Measurement of bristle splaying of toothbrushes using digital imaging and evaluation of plaque removal efficacy over 3 months: A randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Authors: Kaneyasu Yoshino , Shigeishi Hideo , Maehara Tomoko , Fukada‐Sambuichi Eri , Amano Hideaki , Sugiyama Masaru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop an objective method to assess the degree of bristle splaying of used manual toothbrushes and to investigate their plaque removal efficacy.MethodsA randomized controlled trial targeting Hiroshima University students was performed to assess the plaque removal efficacy of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) manual toothbrushes. Participants were randomly assigned to the soft toothbrush group (n = 40) or the medium toothbrush group (n = 40). A small number of participants discontinued the intervention for personal reasons in both the medium (n = 6) and soft (n = 2) toothbrush groups. Toothbrushes were collected immediately after first use (T0: baseline), after 1 month of use (T1: month 1), after 2 months of use (T2: month 3) and after 3 months of use (T3: month 6), following the allocation of a new toothbrush. The bristle surface area was measured using digital software.ResultsThe surface area of the bristles was significantly greater at T1, T2 and T3 than at T0 in the medium toothbrush group (n = 34) and soft toothbrush group (n = 38) (P < .001). Importantly, plaque removal efficacy, calculated from a modified plaque control record score and modified patient hygiene performance score, was significantly lower at T2 than at T0 in both groups.ConclusionsOur method for evaluation of bristle splaying is considered to be reliable and reproducible. PBT toothbrushes may become less effective after two months of use.
An eco‐friendly permeable brick with excellent permeability and high strength derived from steel slag wastes
Authors: Liu Jianlei , Lin Changwei , Liu Taoyong , Han Lei , Shen Xuefeng , Li Cui , Lu Anxian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUtilisation of industrial solid wastes to prepare products with high added value is an effective way that could relieve environmental pollution and create huge economic benefits. In this work, steel slag based permeable brick (SSPB) was successfully prepared by liquid phase sintering. The BSE‐EDS results indicate that the microstructure of the SSPB becomes dense because of the formation of a small amount of glass‐liquid phase (Na‐K‐Ca‐Fe‐Si‐O glass system). The effect of sintering temperature on various properties of the SSPB was systematically studied. It is found that as the sintering temperature increases from 1210 to 1300°C, the permeability deceases gradually, as well as the apparent porosity, water retention and water absorption. In contrast, the bulk density and mechanical strengths show gradually increasing trends. Most important of all, the SSPB sintered at 1270°C for 1 hour shows an excellent permeability (5.70 × 10−2 cm/s) and high mechanical strengths (compressive strength, 36.6 MPa; bending strength, 6.8 MPa). The prepared SSPB is not only likely to be a new type of permeable brick for sidewalk construction, but also relieve greatly environmental pollution from steel slag because of the high utilisation rate of steel slag (as high as 90%).
Nanofibre‐based bilayer biopolymer films: enhancement of antioxidant activity and potential for food packaging application
Authors: Bharathi S.K.V. , Leena M.M. , Moses J.A. , Anandharamakrishnan C. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis study aimed to enhance the antioxidant property of biopolymer film without the incorporation of external agents. The active bilayer film with improved antioxidant activity has been developed by electrospinning zein, a prolamine of corn as nanofibre (average diameter of 286 nm) on solvent cast chitosan film. Zein nanofibres exhibited a slight increase in antioxidant activity as compared to solvent cast zein film. But, zein nanofibre coating on chitosan films significantly improved its antioxidant activity from 12.41% to 44.17%. The developed bilayer films were evaluated for its ability to prevent browning in minimally processed apple slices and compared with those of chitosan and zein films plasticised with polyethylene glycol. Higher surface to volume ratio and better affinity of zein nanofibres in the bilayer film helped enhance its anti‐browning ability. Thus, zein nanofibre‐coated chitosan bilayer films can be used as an effective anti‐browning packaging material for the packing of minimally processed fruits.
Community‐level obesity prevention is not associated with dieting behaviours and weight dissatisfaction in children: The Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Plimier Colleen C. , Hewawitharana Sridharshi C. , Webb Karen L. , Au Lauren E. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Ritchie Lorrene D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryBackgroundWithin the context of high childhood obesity prevalence, there is a concern that community efforts intended to reduce childhood obesity may lead to unintended adverse outcomes.ObjectiveThis analysis examined relationships between community programs, policies, and environmental changes (CPPs) for obesity prevention with unhealthy dieting behaviours and body weight satisfaction in children.MethodsUsing the Healthy Communities Study 2013 to 2015 survey sample of 5138 US children aged 4 to 15 years old, multilevel models examined associations between standardized CPP intensity scores and child dieting behaviours and weight satisfaction, adjusting for community and child‐level covariates and clustered study design.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, higher total, physical activity, and nutrition CPP intensity scores were associated with lower odds of dissatisfaction with weight (1 year total CPP odds ratio [OR]: 0.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22‐0.73; 6 year total CPP OR: 0.48, 0.29‐0.80). Higher physical activity CPP intensity over the past year was associated with greater odds of weight satisfaction (OR: 1.77, 95% CI, 1.10‐2.84). No associations were observed with dieting behaviours.ConclusionsResults suggest that community efforts focusing on nutrition and physical activity to prevent childhood obesity may be associated with weight satisfaction and not with unhealthy dieting behaviours.
Reactions of molten silicate deposits with yttrium monosilicate
Authors: Summers William D. , Poerschke David L. , Taylor Aidan A. , Ericks Andrew R. , Levi Carlos G. , Zok Frank W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article addresses effects of silicate deposit composition on reactions with yttrium monosilicate (YMS), a candidate environmental barrier coating for aero‐engine components. Computed phase equilibria are used to predict the nature and relative proportions of reaction products and the extent of YMS consumption upon reaction with twelve deposits of varying composition at 1300°C. These predictions are compared with results of a corresponding experimental study on three exemplary deposits. Although the nature and sequence of reaction products formed (typically apatite and yttrium disilicate) depend on the Ca:Si ratio of the deposit, the degree of consumption of YMS at equilibrium is relatively insensitive to deposit composition and is predicted to proceed to a greater extent than that in yttrium disilicate. However, sluggish reaction kinetics associated with the formation of a thin apatite layer above the YMS prevents reactions from reaching their terminal equilibrium states within the experimental times investigated (250 hours). For deposit loadings of 18 mg/cm2(corresponding to a thickness of about 100 µm), the degree of consumption following 250 hours exposures is only about 10%‐40% of the predicted terminal values, depending on deposit composition.
Linear correlation of crystal structure and spectral properties of Nd3+ in Ca1‐xSrxF2 mixed crystals
Authors: Tian Xueqi , Ma Fengkai , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Bo , Jiang Dapeng , Wang Jingya , Wu Qinghui , Qian Xiaobo , Su Liangbi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrystal structure and the optical spectral properties of 0.5 at.% Nd3+, 5 at.% Gd3+‐codoped Ca1‐xSrxF2 (0 ≤ x≤1) crystals grown by the temperature gradient technique (TGT) were investigated. The linear variations of the crystal structure and spectral parameters as a function of Sr2+ proportion (x) were observed and correlated with each other. The results indicated that Sr2+ ions introduced as matrix‐substituted ions could regulate the crystal structures and the spectroscopic properties.
Bi@Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2 films on glass with photocatalytic and self‐cleaning performance
Authors: Lv Xiang , Zhang Zhengyi , Cao Zhiqiang , Jiang Wei , Shi Lifen , Zhao Xiaojuan , Ma Liyun , Wang Tianhe , Peng Shou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA stable and translucent Bi@Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2 film was fabricated on conventional glass substrates for the first time. The film exhibited a good photocatalytic performance and efficient self‐cleaning capability against organic dyes under full spectral irradiation and visible light irradiation. Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2 film was first prepared on a glass substrate with colloidal silica as a high temperature binder, followed by implantation of nanoscale Bi in it by an in‐situ partially reduction of Bi4Ti3O12 to generate Bi@Bi4Ti3O12/TiO2 films. The improved photocatalytic ability is probably attributed to the surface plasmon resonance of Bi atom as well as the enhanced electron transfer efficiency and synergistic effect of Bi4Ti3O12 and TiO2. According to trapping experiments, hydroxyl radicals (OH) were active species in the photocatalytic degradation of dyes under full spectral light irradiation and possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. The film prepared in this work may well have potential practical applications in many aspects, such as cleansing treatments for high building external decorative panels and also systematic characterization of the film suggests that the in‐situ reduction is an effective and simple way to produce nanoscale Bi@Bi4Ti3O12.
Do shareholder protection and creditor rights have distinct effects on the association between debt maturity and ownership structure?
Authors: Martins Henrique Castro , Schiehll Eduardo , Terra Paulo Renato Soares 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines the effects of the firm's ownership concentration and its institutional environment on corporate debt maturity choices. As ownership concentration and debt maturity are alternative governance mechanisms, we theorize and investigate whether their association is influenced by country‐level governance factors that enhance outside monitoring by minority shareholders and debtholders. Our investigation is based on a dataset of 50,599 firm‐year observations from 38 countries. We use a propensity‐score matching approach and find that the effect of ownership concentration on debt maturity is conditional to country‐level governance attributes. Ownership concentration has a negative effect on debt maturity in countries where both shareholder protection and creditor rights are weak. Ownership concentration, however, tends to lengthen debt maturity as protection increases, and this positive effect on the length of debt maturity is stronger in countries enhancing protection towards debtholders (instead of shareholders). We also explore other characteristics of ownership structure, such as the identity and presence of controlling shareholders. These results corroborate the view that entrenched shareholders may use debt maturity opportunistically. Our study provides new insights into the interplay between firm‐ and country‐level governance mechanisms and a deeper understanding of cross‐country differences in the association between ownership structure and debt financing.
Insulin‐derived amyloidosis without a palpable mass at the insulin injection site: A report of two cases
Authors: Nagase Terumasa , Iwaya Keiichi , Kogure Koichiro , Zako Tamotsu , Misumi Yohei , Kikuchi Minoru , Matsumoto Koichi , Noritake Masayuki , Kawachi Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Masaki , Ando Yukio , Katsura Yoshiya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo date, almost all case reports of insulin‐derived amyloidosis described the presence of a subcutaneous mass that was observable on physical examination. This report presents two cases of insulin‐derived amyloidosis without palpable masses at insulin injection sites. In both cases, blood glucose concentrations improved, and the insulin dose could be reduced by an average of 45% after changing the insulin injection sites. The insulin absorption at the site was reduced to at most 40% of that at a normal site in one case. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography were useful to screen and differentiate insulin‐derived amyloidosis without a palpable mass. This report showed that insulin‐derived amyloidosis without a palpable mass can be present at the insulin injection site, and has similar clinical effects to insulin‐derived amyloidosis with palpable masses.
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing of human spermatozoa reveals differentially methylated patterns from type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Chen Xiongfeng , Lin Qinghua , Wen Junping , Lin Wei , Liang Jixing , Huang Huibin , Li Liantao , Huang Jianxin , Chen Falin , Liu Deli , Chen Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, and it might partly cause metabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility in patients’ offspring through epigenetic modification. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Recent studies have shown a potential link between deoxyribonucleic acid methylation in paternal sperm and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in offspring, so this article focuses on whether the whole‐genome methylation profiles of spermatozoa in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients have changed.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the genome‐wide deoxyribonucleic acid methylation profiles in spermatozoa by comparing eight individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nine non‐diabetic controls using whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing method.ResultsFirst, we found that the proportion of methylated cytosine in the whole genome of the type 2 diabetes mellitus group was slightly lower than that of the control group. Interestingly, the proportion of methylated cytosines in the CG context decreased, and the proportion of methylated cytosines in the CHG context (H = A, T or C) increased in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group, but the proportion of methylated cytosines in the CHH context (H = A, T or C) barely changed. The methylated cytosines in the CG context were mainly distributed at the high methylated level, whereas methylated cytosines in the CHG context and methylated cytosines in the CHH context were mainly distributed at the low and middle methylated level in both groups. Second, functional enrichment analysis showed that differentially methylated genes played a significant role in nervous system development and cell metabolism. Finally, we identified 10 top type 2 diabetes mellitus‐related differentially methylated genes, including IRS1, PRKCE, FTO, PPARGC1A, KCNQ1, ATP10A, GHR, CREB1, PRKAR1A and HNF1B.ConclusionsOur study provides the first evidence for deoxyribonucleic acid methylation reprogramming in spermatozoa of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and provides a new basis for explaining the complex mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility in offspring.
The prevalence of self‐declared sensitive skin: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen W. , Dai R. , Li L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin is a common cutaneous condition that affects many people. The exact prevalence of sensitive skin remains unknown.ObjectivesWe aim to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published literatures to determine the global self‐declared prevalence of sensitive skin.MethodsA systematic review of studies reporting the prevalence of sensitive skin was conducted searching electronic database of PubMed. Data were extracted and proportion meta‐analyses were carried out to obtain the pooled prevalence.ResultsA total of 26 studies were included representing general population in 18 countries with 51 783 individuals. The pooled proportion of individuals with self‐reported sensitive skin to some degrees was 71% [95% confidence interval (CI) 62%–81%] in the general population and 40% (95% CI 32%–47%) among individuals having very or moderately sensitive skin. Sensitive skin affected both women (45%, 95% CI 36%–55%) and men (33%, 95% CI 24%–42%), and women tended to be a risk factor with the development of sensitive skin compared to men (Risk Ratio=1.741, 95% CI 1.38–2.20). The corresponding estimates for prevalence were 38% (95% CI 25%–51%) among America, 35% (95% CI 32%–37%) among South America, 44% (95% CI 39%–50%) among Europe, and 31% (95% CI 16%–45%) among Asia, respectively. The pooled proportion of self‐diagnosed facial sensitive skin to some degree was 64% (95% CI 49%‐76%). For subjects responded as having very or moderately facial sensitive skin, the pooled proportion was 34% (95% CI 21%‐46%).ConclusionOur meta‐analysis based on published data showed that the global prevalence of self‐declared sensitive skin to some degrees was 71% in the adult population, and 40% among individuals having very or moderately sensitive skin. However, the prevalence of sensitive skin was dependent on the diagnostic method and the prevalence might be over‐estimated in the questionnaire‐based epidemiological studies.