bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A potential biomarker for treatment stratification in psychosis: evaluation of an [18F] FDOPA PET imaging approach
Authors: Veronese Mattia , Santangelo Barbara , Jauhar Sameer , D’Ambrosio Enrico , Demjaha Arsime , Salimbeni Hugh , Huajie Jin , McCrone Paul , Turkheimer Federico , Howes Oliver 
Published: September 2020

Abstract[18F]FDOPA PET imaging has shown dopaminergic function indexed asKicerdiffers between antipsychotic treatment responders and non-responders. However, the theragnostic potential of this biomarker to identify non-responders has yet to be evaluated. In view of this, we aimed to evaluate this as a theragnostic test using linear and non-linear machine-learning (i.e., Bernoulli, support vector, random forest and Gaussian processes) analyses and to develop and evaluate a simplified approach, standardised uptake value ratio (SUVRc). Both [18F]FDOPA PET approaches had good test-rest reproducibility across striatal regions (KicerICC: 0.68–0.94, SUVRc ICC: 0.76–0.91). Both our linear and non-linear classification models showed good predictive power to distinguish responders from non-responders (receiver operating curve area under the curve for region-of-interest approach:Kicer = 0.80, SUVRc = 0.79; for voxel-wise approach using a linear support vector machine: 0.88) and similar sensitivity for identifying treatment non-responders with 100% specificity (Kicer: ~50%, SUVRc: 40–60%). Although the findings were replicated in two independent datasets, given the total sample size (n = 84) and single setting, they warrant testing in other samples and settings. Preliminary economic analysis of [18F]FDOPA PET to fast-track treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia to clozapine indicated a potential healthcare cost saving of ~£3400 (equivalent to $4232 USD) per patient. These findings indicate [18F]FDOPA PET dopamine imaging has potential as biomarker to guide treatment choice.
Air pollution could drive global dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Zhu Guibing , Wang Xiaomin , Yang Ting , Su Jianqiang , Qin Yu , Wang Shanyun , Gillings Michael , Wang Cheng , Ju Feng , Lan Bangrui , Liu Chunlei , Li Hu , Long Xi-En , Wang Xuming , Jetten Mike S M , Wang Zifa , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant pathogens pose a significant threat to human health. Several dispersal mechanisms have been described, but transport of both microbes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via atmospheric particles has received little attention as a pathway for global dissemination. These atmospheric particles can return to the Earth’s surface via rain or snowfall, and thus promote long-distance spread of ARGs. However, the diversity and abundance of ARGs in fresh snow has not been studied and their potential correlation with particulate air pollution is not well explored. Here, we characterized ARGs in 44 samples of fresh snow from major cities in China, three in North America, and one in Europe, spanning a gradient from pristine to heavily anthropogenically influenced ecosystems. High-throughput qPCR analysis of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) provided strong indications that dissemination of ARGs in fresh snow could be exacerbated by air pollution, severely increasing the health risks of both air pollution and ARGs. We showed that snowfall did effectively spread ARGs from point sources over the Earth surface. Together our findings urge for better pollution control to reduce the risk of global dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes.
Compounding impact of severe weather events fuels marine heatwave in the coastal ocean
Authors: Dzwonkowski B. , Coogan J. , Fournier S. , Lockridge G. , Park K. , Lee T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractExposure to extreme events is a major concern in coastal regions where growing human populations and stressed natural ecosystems are at significant risk to such phenomena. However, the complex sequence of processes that transform an event from notable to extreme can be challenging to identify and hence, limit forecast abilities. Here, we show an extreme heat content event (i.e., a marine heatwave) in coastal waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico resulted from compounding effects of a tropical storm followed by an atmospheric heatwave. This newly identified process of generating extreme ocean temperatures occurred prior to landfall of Hurricane Michael during October of 2018 and, as critical contributor to storm intensity, likely contributed to the subsequent extreme hurricane. This pattern of compounding processes will also exacerbate other environmental problems in temperature-sensitive ecosystems (e.g., coral bleaching, hypoxia) and is expected to have expanding impacts under global warming predictions.
Half of resources in threatened species conservation plans are allocated to research and monitoring
Authors: Buxton Rachel T. , Avery-Gomm Stephanie , Lin Hsein-Yung , Smith Paul A. , Cooke Steven J. , Bennett Joseph R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFunds to combat biodiversity loss are insufficient, requiring conservation managers to make trade-offs between costs for actions to avoid further loss and costs for research and monitoring to guide effective actions. Using species’ management plans for 2328 listed species from three countries we show that 50% of species’ proposed recovery plan budgets are allocated to research and monitoring. The proportion of budgets allocated to research and monitoring vary among jurisdictions and taxa, but overall, species with higher proportions of budgets allocated to research and monitoring have poorer recovery outcomes. The proportion allocated to research and monitoring is lower for more recent recovery plans, but for some species, plans have allocated the majority of funds to information gathering for decades. We provide recommendations for careful examination of the value of collecting new information in recovery planning to ensure that conservation programs emphasize action or research and monitoring that directly informs action.
Impacts of solar intermittency on future photovoltaic reliability
Authors: Yin Jun , Molini Annalisa , Porporato Amilcare 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs photovoltaic power is expanding rapidly worldwide, it is imperative to assess its promise under future climate scenarios. While a great deal of research has been devoted to trends in mean solar radiation, less attention has been paid to its intermittent character, a key challenge when compounded with uncertainties related to climate variability. Using both satellite data and climate model outputs, we characterize solar radiation intermittency to assess future photovoltaic reliability. We find that the relation between the future power supply and long-term mean solar radiation trends is spatially heterogeneous, showing power reliability is more sensitive to the fluctuations of mean solar radiation in hot arid regions. Our results highlight how reliability analysis must account simultaneously for the mean and intermittency of solar inputs when assessing the impacts of climate change on photovoltaics.
Predicting heterogeneous ice nucleation with a data-driven approach
Authors: Fitzner Martin , Pedevilla Philipp , Michaelides Angelos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater in nature predominantly freezes with the help of foreign materials through a process known as heterogeneous ice nucleation. Although this effect was exploited more than seven decades ago in Vonnegut’s pioneering cloud seeding experiments, it remains unclear what makes a material a good ice former. Here, we show through a machine learning analysis of nucleation simulations on a database of diverse model substrates that a set of physical descriptors for heterogeneous ice nucleation can be identified. Our results reveal that, beyond Vonnegut’s connection with the lattice match to ice, three new microscopic factors help to predict the ice nucleating ability. These are: local ordering induced in liquid water, density reduction of liquid water near the surface and corrugation of the adsorption energy landscape felt by water. With this we take a step towards quantitative understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation and the in silico design of materials to control ice formation.
A cell-type deconvolution meta-analysis of whole blood EWAS reveals lineage-specific smoking-associated DNA methylation changes
Authors: You Chenglong , Wu Sijie , Zheng Shijie C. , Zhu Tianyu , Jing Han , Flagg Ken , Wang Guangyu , Jin Li , Wang Sijia , Teschendorff Andrew E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly reproducible smoking-associated DNA methylation changes in whole blood have been reported by many Epigenome-Wide-Association Studies (EWAS). These epigenetic alterations could have important implications for understanding and predicting the risk of smoking-related diseases. To this end, it is important to establish if these DNA methylation changes happen in all blood cell subtypes or if they are cell-type specific. Here, we apply a cell-type deconvolution algorithm to identify cell-type specific DNA methylation signals in seven large EWAS. We find that most of the highly reproducible smoking-associated hypomethylation signatures are more prominent in the myeloid lineage. A meta-analysis further identifies a myeloid-specific smoking-associated hypermethylation signature enriched for DNase Hypersensitive Sites in acute myeloid leukemia. These results may guide the design of future smoking EWAS and have important implications for our understanding of how smoking affects immune-cell subtypes and how this may influence the risk of smoking related diseases.
Consensus transcriptional regulatory networks of coronavirus-infected human cells
Authors: Ochsner Scott A. , Pillich Rudolf T. , McKenna Neil J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEstablishing consensus around the transcriptional interface between coronavirus (CoV) infection and human cellular signaling pathways can catalyze the development of novel anti-CoV therapeutics. Here, we used publicly archived transcriptomic datasets to compute consensus regulatory signatures, or consensomes, that rank human genes based on their rates of differential expression in MERS-CoV (MERS), SARS-CoV-1 (SARS1) and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2)-infected cells. Validating the CoV consensomes, we show that high confidence transcriptional targets (HCTs) of MERS, SARS1 and SARS2 infection intersect with HCTs of signaling pathway nodes with known roles in CoV infection. Among a series of novel use cases, we gather evidence for hypotheses that SARS2 infection efficiently represses E2F family HCTs encoding key drivers of DNA replication and the cell cycle; that progesterone receptor signaling antagonizes SARS2-induced inflammatory signaling in the airway epithelium; and that SARS2 HCTs are enriched for genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The CoV infection consensomes and HCT intersection analyses are freely accessible through the Signaling Pathways Project knowledgebase, and as Cytoscape-style networks in the Network Data Exchange repository.
Local anaesthesia decreases nerve growth factor induced masseter hyperalgesia
Authors: Costa Yuri M. , Exposto Fernando G. , Castrillon Eduardo E. , Conti Paulo César R. , Bonjardim Leonardo R. , Svensson Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of local anaesthesia on nerve growth factor (NGF) induced masseter hyperalgesia. Healthy participants randomly received an injection into the right masseter muscle of either isotonic saline (IS) given as a single injection (n = 15) or an injection of NGF (n = 30) followed by a second injection of lidocaine (NGF + lidocaine; n = 15) or IS (NGF + IS; n = 15) in the same muscle 48 h later. Mechanical sensitivity scores of the right and left masseter, referred sensations and jaw pain intensity and jaw function were assessed at baseline, 48 h after the first injection, 5 min after the second injection and 72 h after the first injection. NGF caused significant jaw pain evoked by chewing at 48 and 72 h after the first injection when compared to the IS group, but without significant differences between the NGF + lidocaine and NGF + IS groups. However, the mechanical sensitivity of the right masseter 5 min after the second injection in the NGF + lidocaine group was significantly lower than the second injection in the NGF + IS and was similar to the IS group. There were no significant differences for the referred sensations. Local anaesthetics may provide relevant information regarding the contribution of peripheral mechanisms in the maintenance of persistent musculoskeletal pain.
Correlation between δ18Ow and δ18Οen for estimating human mobility and paleomobility patterns
Authors: Dotsika Elissavet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study a methodology for identifying the geographic origin of unidentified persons, their residence and moving patterns while providing information on lifestyle, diet and socio-economic status by combining stable isotopic data, with the biological information (isotopic composition of the skeleton), is presented. This is accomplished by comparing the oxygen isotopic composition of the spring water that individuals were drinking, during their living period, with the oxygen isotopic composition of their tooth enamel bioapatite. Spring water and teeth samples were collected from individuals from three different areas of Greece: North Greece, Central Greece and South Greece and isotopic analysis of δ13C and δ18O of tooth enamel bioapatite and δ18O of spring water were conducted. For these three areas the isotopic methodology is a promising tool for discriminating the provenance. Furthermore, as a case study, this methodology is applied to two archeological sites of Greece (Medieval-Thebes and Roman-Edessa) in order to determine paleomobility patterns.
Serum fatty acid chain length associates with prevalent symptomatic end-stage osteoarthritis, independent of BMI
Authors: Meessen J. M. T. A. , Saberi-Hosnijeh F. , Bomer N. , den Hollander W. , van der Bom J. G. , van Hilten J. A. , van Spil W. E. , So-Osman C. , Uitterlinden A. G. , Kloppenburg M. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , van Duijn C. M. , Slagboom P. E. , van Meurs J. B. J. , Meulenbelt I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHigher body mass index (BMI) is associated with osteoarthritis (OA) in both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints, suggesting a link between OA and poor metabolic health beyond mechanical loading. This risk may be influenced by systemic factors accompanying BMI. Fluctuations in concentrations of metabolites may mark or even contribute to development of OA. This study explores the association of metabolites with radiographic knee/hip OA prevalence and progression. A 1H-NMR-metabolomics assay was performed on plasma samples of 1564 cases for prevalent OA and 2,125 controls collected from the Rotterdam Study, CHECK, GARP/NORREF and LUMC-arthroplasty cohorts. OA prevalence and 5 to 10 year progression was assessed by means of Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) score and the OARSI-atlas. End-stage knee/hip OA (TJA) was defined as indication for arthroplasty surgery. Controls did not have OA at baseline or follow-up. Principal component analysis of 227 metabolites demonstrated 23 factors, of which 19 remained interpretable after quality-control. Associations of factor scores with OA definitions were investigated with logistic regression. Fatty acids chain length (FALen), which was included in two factors which associated with TJA, was individually associated with both overall OA as well as TJA. Increased Fatty Acid chain Length is associated with OA.
Unique repertoire of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in individual human serum
Authors: Luetscher Ralph N. D. , McKitrick Tanya R. , Gao Chao , Mehta Akul Y. , McQuillan Alyssa M. , Kardish Robert , Boligan Kayluz Frias , Song Xuezheng , Lu Lenette , Heimburg-Molinaro Jamie , von Gunten Stephan , Alter Galit , Cummings Richard D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHumoral immunity to pathogens and other environmental challenges is paramount to maintain normal health, and individuals lacking or unable to make antibodies are at risk. Recent studies indicate that many human protective antibodies are against carbohydrate antigens; however, little is known about repertoires and individual variation of anti-carbohydrate antibodies in healthy individuals. Here we analyzed anti-carbohydrate antibody repertoires (ACARs) of 105 healthy individual adult donors, aged 20–60+from different ethnic backgrounds to explore variations in antibodies, as defined by binding to glycan microarrays and by affinity purification. Using microarrays that contained > 1,000 glycans, including antigens from animal cells and microbes, we profiled the IgG and IgM ACARs from all donors. Each donor expressed many ACAs, but had a relatively unique ACAR, which included unanticipated antibodies to carbohydrate antigens not well studied, such as chitin oligosaccharides, Forssman-related antigens, globo-type antigens, and bacterial glycans. We also saw some expected antibodies to ABO(H) blood group and α-Gal-type antigens, although these also varied among individuals. Analysis suggests differences in ACARs are associated with ethnicity and age. Thus, each individual ACAR is relatively unique, suggesting that individualized information could be useful in precision medicine for predicting and monitoring immune health and resistance to disease.
Lifespan risks of growing up in a family with mental illness or substance abuse
Authors: Clemens Vera , Berthold Oliver , Witt Andreas , Sachser Cedric , Brähler Elmar , Plener Paul L. , Strauß Bernhard , Fegert Jörg M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGrowing up in a family with one member being affected by mental health problems or substance abuse is an adverse childhood experience which can lead to socioeconomic and health-related impairments in later life. Furthermore, the risk of child maltreatment is increased in affected families, which often adds to the individual risk factors. However, the interdependence between the particular risk factors is not well understood. To examine the correlation between mental health problems or substance abuse and child maltreatment within families and long term consequences for affected children, a cross sectional population representative survey in Germany (N = 2,531) has been conducted. The risk of child maltreatment was 5 to 5.6 times higher if mental illness and 4.9 to 6.9 times higher if substance abuse of a family member was reported. Furthermore, the risk of health problems, including obesity, decreased life satisfaction, lower income, low educational achievement, unemployment and living without a partner was increased if participants grew up in a family affected by mental health problems or substance abuse. All associations were mediated significantly by child maltreatment. These results point towards an urgent need for greater awareness for child protection issues in families affected by mental health problems or substance abuse.
Population genetic structure of the great star coral, Montastraea cavernosa, across the Cuban archipelago with comparisons between microsatellite and SNP markers
Authors: Sturm Alexis B. , Eckert Ryan J. , Méndez Juliett González , González-Díaz Patricia , Voss Joshua D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoral reef habitats surrounding Cuba include relatively healthy, well-developed shallow and mesophotic (30–150 m) scleractinian communities at the cross-currents of the Tropical Western Atlantic (TWA). However, Cuba’s coral communities are not immune to the declines observed throughout the TWA, and there is limited information available regarding genetic connectivity, diversity, and structure among these populations. This represents an immense gap in our understanding of coral ecology and population dynamics at both local and regional scales. To address this gap, we evaluated the population genetic structure of the coral Montastraea cavernosa across eight reef sites surrounding Cuba. Colonies were genotyped using nine microsatellite markers and > 9,000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated using the 2bRAD approach to assess fine-scale genetic structure across these sites. Both the microsatellite and SNP analyses identified patterns of genetic differentiation among sample populations. While the microsatellite analyses did not identify significant genetic structure across the seven shallow M. cavernosa sampling sites, the SNP analyses revealed significant pairwise population differentiation, suggesting that differentiation is greater between eastern and western sites. This study provides insight into methodological differences between microsatellite and SNP markers including potential trade-offs between marker-specific biases, sample size, sequencing costs, and the ability to resolve subtle patterns of population genetic structure. Furthermore, this study suggests that locations in western Cuba may play important roles in this species’ regional metapopulation dynamics and therefore may merit incorporation into developing international management efforts in addition to the local management the sites receive.
Pancreatic β-cells respond to fuel pressure with an early metabolic switch
Authors: Malinowski Ronja M. , Ghiasi Seyed M. , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Meier Sebastian , Lerche Mathilde H. , Ardenkjær-Larsen Jan H. , Jensen Pernille R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPancreatic β-cells become irreversibly damaged by long-term exposure to excessive glucose concentrations and lose their ability to carry out glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) upon damage. The β-cells are not able to control glucose uptake and they are therefore left vulnerable for endogenous toxicity from metabolites produced in excess amounts upon increased glucose availability. In order to handle excess fuel, the β-cells possess specific metabolic pathways, but little is known about these pathways. We present a study of β-cell metabolism under increased fuel pressure using a stable isotope resolved NMR approach to investigate early metabolic events leading up to β-cell dysfunction. The approach is based on a recently described combination of 13C metabolomics combined with signal enhanced NMR via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP). Glucose-responsive INS-1 β-cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of [U-13C] glucose under conditions where GSIS was not affected (2–8 h). We find that pyruvate and DHAP were the metabolites that responded most strongly to increasing fuel pressure. The two major divergence pathways for fuel excess, the glycerolipid/fatty acid metabolism and the polyol pathway, were found not only to operate at unchanged rate but also with similar quantity.