bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Acton Model: support for women with female genital mutilation
Authors: Albert Juliet , Wells Mary 
Published: October 2020

Objectives To identify the presenting characteristics, needs and clinical management of non-pregnant women with female genital mutilation who attended the Sunflower clinic, a midwife-led specialist service. Methods This was a retrospective case series review examining referral patterns, clinical findings and subsequent management between 1 April 2018 and 31 March 2019.The review was conducted at a multi-disciplinary female genital mutilation clinic for non-pregnant women aged 18 years and over in West London. Results There were 182 attendances at the clinic (88 new patients; 94 follow-up appointments). Almost half (52%) had type 3 mutilation, 32% had type 2; 9% had a history of type 3; 5% had type 1; one had type 4 and one declined assessment. A total of 35 women (40%) disclosed at least one psychological symptom (such as depression, anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares) during initial consultation. Conclusions Non-pregnant women attending female genital mutilation services present with a wide range of psychological and physical problems. Holistic woman-centred models of care appear to facilitate access to deinfibulation and counselling, which in turn may reduce long-term costs to the NHS. Safeguarding is an intrinsic part of midwives' work and is sometimes complex. The authors recommend a revision of the World Health Organization classifications to specify partial or total removal of the clitoral glans (rather than the clitoris as a whole) as this is inaccurate and may have a negative psychological impact for women.
Effects of tourniquet use in paediatric lower leg surgery
Authors: Hanna Rewais B. , Nies Matthew , Lang Pamela J. , Halanski Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of the tourniquet and its effect on post-operative pain in the paediatric population following lower leg procedures. Methods A retrospective study of paediatric patients (under the age of 18) undergoing inpatient orthopaedic procedure below the knee performed at a single academic institution between 1st December 2013 and 31st January 2019 was conducted. Primary outcome measures of total opioid consumption during hospital stay and pre-operative nerve block utilization were retrieved from the electronic medical record (EMR). Secondary outcome measures of blood loss, tourniquet time, procedure time and length of hospital stay were also retrieved. Student's t-tests were used to assess statistical significance between two sample means. Results The final analysis included 204 paediatric procedures, 118 of which used a tourniquet and 86 of which did not. Paediatric patients with a tourniquet had significantly more opioid consumption post-operatively in the form of weight-based morphine equivalents/length of stay (p = 0.01) compared to those who had no tourniquet. This held true for males (p = 0.049) and females (p = 0.04) respectively. We did not see an increase in wound complications or return trips to the operating room in the tourniquet cohort. All procedures included an osseous component except one procedure in the non-tourniquet group. Conclusion Minimizing opioid consumption may be achieved by avoiding tourniquet use in paediatric patients with lower leg procedures. In non-anaemic paediatric patients, it is reasonably risk-free to perform these surgeries without the use of tourniquet to decrease opioid dependence in the post-­operative period. Level of evidence III
Efficacy of corticosteroid in decreasing scoliosis and extending time to loss of ambulation in a single clinic: An effectiveness trial
Authors: Sussman Michael D. , Sienko Susan E. , Buckon Cathleen E. , Hilton Coleman , De Mattos Camila Bedeschi , d'Amato Charles 
Published: October 2020

Purpose Pharmacologic doses of corticosteroid (CS) have been shown to ameliorate the progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) preserving strength, pulmonary function and ambulation as well as reducing the incidence of scoliosis. However, there are serious side effects of CS, which may impact dose tolerance. The purpose of this study was to compare the magnitude of positive CS effects on patients in our clinic to those reported in the literature. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiographs of 142 DMD patients who were seen between 1st January 1991 and 31st December 2017. Results In total, 101 boys met study inclusion criteria. Of these 32 were steroid naïve, 37 took the recommended dose (standard of care, SOC) of Prednisone or Deflazacort, and 32 took a lower dose (LD). Following initiation of CS, both treatment groups showed an increase in weight velocity and decrease in linear growth velocity. Although there was a trend to later loss of ambulation (LOA) in the SOC group relative to the naïve group by one year, this was not significant, however, a small subgroup of boys on Deflazacort showed a 3.4 year later LOA than the naïve group. The incidence of scoliosis was reduced from 69% in the naïve, to 41% in the LD and 47% in the SOC group. Conclusions Although there was a reduction in the incidence of scoliosis, it was not as robust as seen elsewhere. Many published studies have inadequate data on scoliosis probably due to the lack of inclusion of orthopaedists in the study group. Level of evidence IV
Theoretical study of silicon-based Bragg mirrors for cavity QED applications
Authors: Maldaner J. , Al Sumaidae S. , DeCorby R. G. 
Published: October 2020

We conducted a theoretical study on the potential use of amorphous hydrogenated silicon (a-Si:H) as the high-index material in quarter-wave-stack Bragg mirrors for cavity quantum electrodynamics applications. Compared to conventionally employed

T

a

2

O

5

, a-Si:H provides a much higher-index contrast with

S
i

O

2

, thus promising significantly reduced layer-number requirements and a smaller mode volume. Silicon-based mirrors offer the additional advantage of providing a wide omnidirectional reflection band, which allows greater control of the background electromagnetic modes. From numerical studies at 850 nm, we show that a-Si:H-based mirrors could enable significant improvements with respect to maximum Purcell factor, cooperativity, and spontaneous emission coupling factor, in addition to their potential to reduce fabrication complexity. These advantages are anticipated to be even more compelling at longer wavelengths.
Band calculations using broadband Green’s functions and the KKR method with applications to magneto-optics and photonic crystals
Authors: Gao Ruoxing , Tsang Leung , Tan Shurun , Liao Tien-Hao 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we develop a method of simulations of using the broadband Green’s function (BBGF) in the Korringa Kohn Rostoker (KKR) method. The merit of the method is broadband such that once the initial setup is completed, the calculation at every frequency is calculated rapidly. The broadband Green’s function consists of a frequency-independent spatial summation and a spectral summation that has most of the factors frequency independent. Both summations have fast convergence. Analytical expressions of broadband coefficients of cylindrical waves are derived from the BBGF. The broadband cylindrical waves coefficients are then combined with the KKR method to calculate the determinant equation for a wide range of frequencies. Numerical results of the band diagrams and band surface currents are illustrated for magneto-optics and photonic crystals. The CPU time requirements, including setup, using MATLAB on a standard laptop, for computing the determinant at 1000 frequencies at a Bloch vector are 0.411 s and 1.206 s, respectively, for the cases of topological crystal of small scatterer relative to cell size and the photonic crystal of large scatterer comparable to cell size.
Negócios de Impacto: Um Conceito em Construção
Authors: Barki Edgard , Rodrigues Juliana , Comini Graziella Maria 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: esclarecer o papel, os limites e os desafios da conceituação de negócios de impacto.Metodologia: ensaio teórico que discorre sobre as diferentes perspectivas de agregação de valor socioambiental por parte das empresas partindo de uma visão de compensação de externalidades negativas até a inserção na estratégia organizacional e novos atores do ecossistema de negócios de impacto.Principais resultados: Ausência de um consenso para uma definição única marca o desenvolvimento da literatura acadêmica e do campo prático. Atores do ecossistema de negócios de impacto consideram importante ter uma definição para aumentar o engajamento de novos atores, mas se deparam com o dilema de escolher entre uma definição mais restrita ou mais ampla.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: negócios de impacto devem ser analisados a partir de uma perspectiva de hibridismo organizacional que combina diferentes lógicas institucionais. Há um espectro amplo de possibilidades de incorporação da lógica de mercado e da lógica social na concepção de um modelo de negócio tornando muito frágil qualquer tipo de definição operacional e arriscado o estabelecimento de contornos rígidos que não dialoguem com outros atores que já atuam na agenda socioambiental.Relevância/originalidade: o artigo posiciona os negócios de impacto como um conceito polissêmico, incompatível com uma única terminologia, estudado com uma perspectiva de hibridismo organizacional.Contribuições sociais: os negócios de impacto despontam como uma alternativa de mercado para a contribuição na solução dos problemas socioambientais, mas que devem ser vistos em colaboração e complementariedade entre muitos atores.
Effects of Statin Use on the Development and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Lee Jung Il , Lee Hyun Woong , Lee Kwan Sik , Lee Hye Sun , Park Ju-Young 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The use of statins in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may reduce cardiovascular morbidity, although their effect on NAFLD itself is not well known. We aimed to investigate the role of statins on the development of de novo NAFLD and progression of significant liver fibrosis.

METHODS:
This study included 11,593,409 subjects from the National Health Information Database of the Republic of Korea entered in 2010 and followed up until 2016. NAFLD was diagnosed by calculating fatty liver index (FLI), and significant liver fibrosis was evaluated using the BARD score. Controls were randomly selected at a ratio of 1:5 from individuals who were at risk of becoming the case subjects at the time of selection.

RESULTS:
Among 5,339,901 subjects that had a FLI < 30 and included in the non-NAFLD cohort, 164,856 subjects eventually had NAFLD developed. The use of statin was associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD development (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.67) and was independent of associated diabetes mellitus (DM) (with DM: AOR 0.44; 95% CI 0.41–0.46, without DM: AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.69–0.72). From 712,262 subjects with a FLI > 60 and selected in the NAFLD cohort, 111,257 subjects showed a BARD score ≥ 2 and were defined as liver fibrosis cases. The use of statins reduced the risk of significant liver fibrosis (AOR 0.43; 95% CI 0.42–0.44), independent of DM (with DM: AOR 0.31; 95% CI 0.31–0.32, without DM: AOR 0.52; 95% CI 0.51–0.52).

DISCUSSION:
In this large population-based study, statin use decreased the risk of NAFLD occurrence and the risk of liver fibrosis once NAFLD developed.
Risk Factors for Delta Hepatitis in a North American Cohort: Who Should Be Screened?
Authors: Da Ben L. , Rahman Farial , Lai Walter C. , Kleiner David E. , Heller Theo , Koh Christopher 
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases recommends hepatitis D virus (HDV) screening in certain high-risk groups; however, the effectiveness is unknown.

METHODS:
A study of North American patients with hepatitis B (HBV) referred to the NIH was performed to identify risk factors associated with HDV infection. Active HDV was “confirmed” by serum HDV RNA or histologic HDV antigen staining.

RESULTS:
Six hundred fifty-two were studied, of which 91 were HDV “confirmed.” Independent risk factors for HDV included: intravenous drug users, HBV-DNA <2,000 IU/mL, alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L, and HDV endemic country of origin.

DISUSSION:
North American patients with HBV and significant risk factors should be screened for HDV.
IFCC Interim Guidelines on Molecular Testing of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Bohn Mary Kathryn , Mancini Nicasio , Loh Tze Ping , Wang Cheng-Bin , Grimmler Matthias , Gramegna Maurizio , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Mueller Robert , Koch David , Sethi Sunil , Rawlinson William D. , Clementi Massimo , Erasmus Rajiv , Leportier Marc , Kwon Gye Cheol , Menezes María Elizabeth , Patru Maria-Magdalena , Singh Krishna , Ferrari Maurizio , Najjar Osama , Horvath Andrea R. , Adeli Khosrow , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection globally has relied extensively on molecular testing, contributing vitally to case identification, isolation, contact tracing, and rationalization of infection control measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinical laboratories have thus needed to verify newly developed molecular tests and increase testing capacity at an unprecedented rate. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a global health threat, laboratories continue to encounter challenges in the selection, verification, and interpretation of these tests. This document by the International Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 provides interim guidance on: (A) clinical indications and target populations, (B) assay selection, (C) assay verification, and (D) test interpretation and limitations for molecular testing of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These evidence-based recommendations will provide practical guidance to clinical laboratories worldwide and highlight the continued importance of laboratory medicine in our collective pandemic response.
Nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic vibration of mass sensor armchair carbon nanotube resting on an elastic substrate
Authors: Selvamani Rajendran , Jayan M. Mahaveer Sree , Dimitri Rossana , Tornabene Francesco , Ebrahimi Farzad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present paper aims at studying the nonlinear ultrasonic waves in a magneto-thermo-elastic armchair single-walled (SW) carbon nanotube (CNT) with mass sensors resting on a polymer substrate. The analytical formulation accounts for small scale effects based on the Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The mathematical model and its differential equations are solved theoretically in terms of dimensionless frequencies while assuming a nonlinear Winkler-Pasternak-type foundation. The solution is obtained by means of ultrasonic wave dispersion relations. A parametric work is carried out to check for the effect of the nonlocal scaling parameter, together with the magneto-mechanical loadings, the foundation parameters, the attached mass, boundary conditions and geometries, on the dimensionless frequency of nanotubes. The sensitivity of the mechanical response of nanotubes investigated herein, could be of great interest for design purposes in nano-engineering systems and devices.
On the value-distribution of iterated integrals of the logarithm of the Riemann zeta-function I: Denseness
Authors: Endo Kenta , Inoue Shōta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider iterated integrals of

log
⁡
ζ

⁢

(
s
)

{\log\zeta(s)}

on certain vertical and horizontal lines.
Here, the function

ζ
⁢

(
s
)

{\zeta(s)}

is the Riemann zeta-function.
It is a well-known open problem whether or not the values of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line
are dense in the complex plane.
In this paper,
we give a result for the denseness of the values of the iterated integrals on the horizontal lines.
By using this result,
we obtain the denseness of the values of

∫
0
t

log
⁡
ζ

⁢

(

1
2

+

i
⁢

t
′

)

⁢

𝑑

t
′

{\int_{0}^{t}\log\zeta(\frac{1}{2}+it^{\prime})\,dt^{\prime}}

under the Riemann Hypothesis.
Moreover, we show that, for any

m
≥
2

{m\geq 2}

, the denseness of the values of an m-times iterated integral on the critical line is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis.
Unraveling the natural durability of wood: revealing the impact of decay-influencing characteristics other than fungicidal components
Authors: De Ligne Liselotte , Van den Bulcke Jan , Baetens Jan M. , De Baets Bernard , Wang Gang , De Windt Imke , Beeckman Hans , Van Acker Joris 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The effect of fungicidal components in wood has been known for ages, yet there is no method to assess the impact of such components on the durability of a wood species, as compared to other material characteristics that influence decay. In this paper, the importance of fungicidal effects on the natural durability of 10 wood species is assessed in relation to other decay-influencing factors with a new test, the so-called ‘paste test’. By comparing results from this test with the ‘mini-block test’, on both heartwood and leached sapwood, insight is gained into the significance of fungicidal components on the one hand and other material characteristics on the other hand. The durability of species such as Prunus avium was attributed mainly to fungicidal components. For species such as Pterocarpus soyauxii, durability seemed to be an effect of both fungicidal components and moisture-regulating components, while the latter seemed to be of main importance in regulating the decay of Aucoumea klaineana and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Wood-anatomical features, such as the parenchyma content (in case of brown rot fungi) and the vessel-fiber ratio, possibly affect degradation as well. This work shows that fungicidal components are not always of major importance for the durability of a wood species. The authors hereby emphasize the importance of moisture-regulating components and wood anatomy on the durability of wood.
Simple Multivariate Conditional Covariance Dynamics Using Hyperbolically Weighted Moving Averages
Authors: Kawakatsu Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper considers a class of multivariate ARCH models with scalar weights. A new specification with hyperbolic weighted moving average (HWMA) is proposed as an analogue of the EWMA model. Despite the restrictive dynamics of a scalar weight model, the proposed model has a number of advantages that can deal with the curse of dimensionality. The empirical application illustrates that the (pseudo) out-of-sample multistep forecasts can be surprisingly more accurate than those from the DCC model.
Performance of LED for line-of-sight (LoS) underwater wireless optical communication system
Authors: Nasser Alaa G. , Ali Mazin Ali A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC) recently emerge as a solution to the problem of underwater communication for link with a high data rate, low delay, safety, and high immunity. In this study, the line of sight (LoS) method based on LED used for UWOC with different modulation schemes. The bit error rate (BER), signal-to-noise rate, and quality factor are used for assessing system performance and link quality. Besides the effect of transmitting angle, distance link (d), and transmitting power (P

T
) are analysed. Results show that 8-pulse position modulation (PPM) is the best modulation scheme for achieving a good link in the LoS method.
Obstetric and pediatric growth charts for the detection of late-onset fetal growth restriction and neonatal adverse outcomes
Authors: Fernandez-Rodriguez Beatriz , de Alba Concepción , Galindo Alberto , Recio David , Villalain Cecilia , Pallas Carmen Rosa , Herraiz Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) has heterogeneous prenatal and postnatal diagnostic criteria. We compared the prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of late-onset FGR and their ability to predict adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of 5442 consecutive singleton pregnancies that delivered beyond 34 + 0 weeks. Prenatal diagnosis of FGR was based on customized fetal growth standards and fetal Doppler while postnatal diagnosis was based on a birthweight <3rd percentile according to newborn charts (Olsen’s charts and Intergrowth 21st century programme). Perinatal outcomes were analyzed depending on whether the diagnosis was prenatal, postnatal or both.

Results
A total of 94 out of 5442 (1.7%) were diagnosed as late-onset FGR prenatally. Olsen’s chart and Intergrowth 21st chart detected that 125/5442 (2.3%) and 106/5442 (2.0%) of infants had a birthweight <3rd percentile, respectively. These charts identified 35/94 (37.2%) and 40/94 (42.6%) of the newborns with a prenatal diagnosis of late-onset FGR. Prenatally diagnosed late-onset FGR infants were at a higher risk for hypoglycemia, jaundice and polycythemia. Both prenatally and postnatally diagnosed as late-onset FGR had a higher risk for respiratory distress syndrome when compared to non-FGR. The higher risks for intensive care admission and composite adverse outcomes were observed in those with a prenatal diagnosis of late-onset FGR that was confirmed after birth.

Conclusions
Current definitions of pre- and postnatal late-onset FGR do not match in more than half of cases. Infants with a prenatal or postnatal diagnosis of this condition have an increased risk of neonatal morbidity even if these diagnoses are not coincident.
An approximate formula for calculating the expectations of functionals from random processes based on using the Wiener chaos expansion
Authors: Egorov Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, we propose a new method for calculating the mathematical expectation of nonlinear functionals from random processes.
The method is based on using Wiener chaos expansion and approximate formulas, exact for functional polynomials of given degree.
Examples illustrating approximation accuracy are considered.