bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathological features of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitides concomitant with IgG4‐related disease
Authors: Ma Yanhong , Chen Liangliang , Xu Ying , Han Quan , Yu Binfeng , Yuan Yuan , Zhao Jie , Yang Yi , Chen Jianghua , Han Fei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe characteristics and the pathogenesis of the concomitant antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitides (AAV) and immunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) have not been elucidated.MethodWe included 92 AAV patients with renal biopsy results. Among them, 10 patients met both AAV and IgG4‐RD criteria (concomitant group). The IgG subclasses of myeloperoxidase (MPO)‐ANCA in both serum and renal tissue were measured and complement activation components were detected in serum.ResultsPatients in the concomitant group had both elevated serum IgG4 levels and positive MPO‐ANCA. They had higher levels of eosinophil counts, serum globulin, IgG, IgE and C‐reactive protein than patients in the AAV alone group. All 10 patients had glomerulonephritis with crescents and seven patients also had segmental necrosis of the glomerular capillary wall. Most of them also presented with storiform fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in renal interstitium with IgG4 positive plasma cells more than 10/high‐power field. Eight patients achieved remission with improved renal function, the other two patients were on maintenance dialysis. The IgG4 subclass of MPO‐ANCA was higher in the concomitant group than that in AAV alone group. A merge of IgG4 and MPO immunofluorescence was observed in parts of the mesangium of concomitant AAV and IgG4‐RD patients. For complement components, Bb and mannose‐binding lectin were elevated in serum of concomitant AAV and IgG4‐RD patients.ConclusionWe showed a new overlap syndrome of AAV and IgG4‐RD, in which the IgG4 subclass of ANCA may be a pathogenic factor.
HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) and related factors in Iran: a systematic review, meta‐analysis and trend analysis
Authors: Rahimi Yekta , Gholami Jaleh , Amin‐Esmaeili Masoumeh , Fotouhi Akbar , Rafiemanesh Hosein , Shadloo Behrang , Rahimi‐Movaghar Afarin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsIn Iran, injecting drug use has been the major route of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. In order to control the HIV epidemic, a harm reduction program was initiated and has been expanded in recent years. The aim of this study was to provide an updated estimate of HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran, investigate prevalence differences over time and assess prevalence correlates.DesignA comprehensive systematic review was undertaken in the international, regional and national bibliographic databases in November 2018 and extensive contacts with authors were made. For studies conducted before 2005, we used data from a previous published systematic review.SettingAll studies conducted in Iran were included. Recruitment settings included anywhere except studies conducted in infectious diseases wards or HIV counseling centers.ParticipantsPWID with any definition utilized in the studies. Thirty‐six studies were included, which were conducted in 24 of 31 provinces with a sample size of 22 160 PWID.MeasurementsWe included studies that had performed HIV testing and had a confirmed diagnosis of HIV through repeating the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western immunoblot assay (WB). Pooled prevalence of HIV was calculated for the total sample and for different subgroups, by available socio‐demographic and behavioral factors. For assessing the trend of HIV prevalence over time, a linear meta‐regression model was fitted separately for before 2007 and during 2007 and afterwards.FindingsThe pooled prevalences of HIV before 2007 and in 2007 and afterwards were 14.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.8–18.9] and 9.7% (95% CI = 7.6–11.9), respectively. HIV prevalence increased until 2005–06 and then slowly declined until 2009–10, which was not significant. Prevalence of HIV was significantly higher in PWID above age 25 years, and in those with history of imprisonment and history of needle/syringe‐sharing. HIV prevalence was higher in men than in women, but the difference was insignificant.ConclusionThe prevalence of HIV among people who inject drugs in Iran decreased after 2006 which could, at least in part, be attributed to the development of extensive harm reduction programs in the country.
The pathogenic role of autoantibodies in recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: D'Ippolito Silvia , Ticconi Carlo , Tersigni Chiara , Garofalo Serafina , Martino Carmelinda , Lanzone Antonio , Scambia Giovanni , Di Simone Nicoletta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present manuscript, we review the recent research investigating the pathogenic association between most studied autoantibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss. Pregnancy loss represents a common obstetric complication occurring in about 15%‐25% of all clinically recognized pregnancies. The recurrence of pregnancy loss identifies a distinct clinical entity, that is recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), affecting about 2%‐4% of couples. Several factors, including age, chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, thrombophilic disorders, endocrinopathies, hormonal and metabolic disorders, infections, sperm quality, and lifestyle issues, are involved in RPL. The role of autoantibodies in RPL is only partially determined. In some cases (antiphospholipid antibodies [aPL]), their involvement is well established. In other cases (anti‐thyroid autoantibodies, antinuclear, anti‐transglutaminase, and anti‐endomysial antibodies), it is still debated, despite multiple, although not fully conclusive, evidences strongly suggest a possible involvement in RPL. Further extensive research is needed to definitively confirm or exclude their actual role.
Impact of direct oral anticoagulant off‐label doses on clinical outcomes of atrial fibrillation patients: A systematic review
Authors: Santos Joana , António Natália , Rocha Marília , Fortuna Ana 
Published: October 2019

AimsWorldwide observational studies are evidencing discordance between guidelines and real‐world practice regarding direct oral anticoagulant drug (DOAC) doses. This systematic review summarizes and evaluate DOACs use in real‐world practice.MethodsThis review was performed following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines searching PubMed (MEDLINE) and Medscape databases.ResultsData from 75 studies showed that most of the patients treated with DOACs for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation received doses in accordance to the guidelines. However, a significant number of patients received off‐label doses (25–50% in most of the studies evaluated). DOAC overdosing was associated with increased all‐cause mortality and worse bleeding events while underdosing was associated with increased cardiovascular hospitalization and, particularly for apixaban, with a nearly 5‐fold increased risk of stroke.ConclusionPatients prescribed with off‐label DOAC doses did not receive the full benefit of anticoagulation and presented an increased risk of stroke, bleeding and/or adverse effects.
Preventable adverse drug events: Descriptive epidemiology
Authors: Woo Stephanie A. , Cragg Amber , Wickham Maeve E. , Villanyi Diane , Scheuermeyer Frank , Hau Jeffrey P. , Hohl Corinne M. 
Published: October 2019

AimOur objective was to identify preventable adverse drug events and factors contributing to their development.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review combining data from three prospective multicentre observational studies that assessed emergency department patients for adverse drug events. A clinical pharmacist and physician independently reviewed the charts, extracted data and rated the preventability of each adverse drug event. A third reviewer adjudicated all discordant or uncertain cases. We calculated the proportion of adverse drug events that were deemed preventable, performed multivariable logistic regression to explore the characteristics of patients with preventable events, and identified contributing factors.ResultsWe reviewed the records of 1 356 adverse drug events in 1 234 patients. Raters considered 869 (64.1%) of adverse drug events probably or definitely preventable. Patients with mental health diagnoses (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3–2.5) and diabetes (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2–2.4) were more likely to present with preventable events. The medications most commonly implicated in preventable events were warfarin (9.4%), hydrochlorothiazide (4.5%), furosemide (4.0%), insulin (3.9%) and acetylsalicylic acid (2.7%). Common contributing factors included inadequate patient instructions, monitoring and follow‐up, and reassessments after medication changes had been made.ConclusionsOur study suggests that patients with mental health conditions and diabetes require close monitoring. Efforts to address the identified contributing factors are needed.
Forests affected by frequent and intense typhoons challenge the intermediate disturbance hypothesis
Authors: Wang Lixin , Lin Teng‐Chiu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons) are extreme disturbances that have a significant impact on ecosystem structure and processes. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) generalizes disturbance–diversity relationships but its validity is hotly debated. The IDH has been challenged both theoretically and with results from experimental studies; however, few studies have empirically tested the proposed mechanisms of IDH using results from the actual ecosystems. In this commentary, based on empirical observations from studies on the interactions between tropical cyclones and forest dynamics, we outlined seven possible outcomes of gap dynamics and tree diversity as a result of different frequency and intensity combinations. We argue that the lack of distinction and differentiation between disturbance intensity and severity, and the overlooked role of tree mortality, seedling recruitment, and tree adaptations limit the applicability of IDH in predicting the disturbance–diversity relationship. In the era of climate change characterized with more frequent climate extremes and natural disturbances, we should move beyond the generalizations and directly address the processes leading to the observed disturbance–diversity relationships to make reliable predictions.Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.
Children’s Intuitive Theories of Academic Performance
Authors: Muradoglu Melis , Cimpian Andrei 
Published: October 2019

How do children reason about academic performance across development? A classic view suggests children’s intuitive theories in this domain undergo qualitative changes. According to this view, older children and adults consider both effort and skill as sources of performance (i.e., a “performance = effort + skill” theory), but younger children can only consider effort (i.e., a “performance = effort” theory). Results from two studies (N = 240 children aged 4–9) contradict the claim of theory change, suggesting instead that children as young as 4 operate with an intuitive theory of academic performance that incorporates both effort and skill as explanatory concepts. This work reveals that children’s understanding of academic performance is more continuous across development than previously assumed.
Identifying and managing patients at risk of severe allergic reactions to food: Report from two iFAAM workshops
Authors: Roberts Graham , Allen Katie , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara , Clark Andrew , Crevel Rene , Dunn Galvin Audrey , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Grimshaw Kate E. C. , Hourihane Jonathan O’B , Poulsen Lars K. , van Ree Ronald , Regent Lynn , Remington Ben , Schnadt Sabine , Turner Paul J. , Mills E. N. Clare 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood allergy affects a small but important number of children and adults. Much of the morbidity associated with food allergy is driven by the fear of a severe reaction and fatalities continue to occur. Foods are the commonest cause of anaphylaxis. One of the aims of the European Union‐funded Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management (iFAAM) project was to improve the identification and management of children and adults at risk of experiencing a severe reaction. A number of interconnected studies within the project have focused on quantifying the severity of allergic reactions; the impact of food matrix, immunological factors on severity of reactions; the impact of co‐factors such as medications on the severity of reactions; utilizing single‐dose challenges to understand threshold and severity of reactions; and community studies to understand the experience of patients suffering real‐life allergic reactions to food. Associated studies have examined population thresholds and co‐factors such as exercise and stress. This paper summarizes two workshops focused on the severity of allergic reactions to food. It outlines the related studies being undertaken in the project indicating how they are likely to impact on our ability to identify individuals at risk of severe reactions and improve their management.
Multidisziplinäre Langzeitbetreuung und zeitgemäße chirurgische Therapie kongenitaler melanozytärer Nävi – Empfehlungen des Netzwerks Nävuschirurgie
Authors: Ott Hagen , Krengel Sven , Beck Otfrid , Böhler Kornelia , Böttcher‐Haberzeth Sophie , Cangir Özlem , Fattouh Miriam , Häberle Beate , Hüging Martina , Königs Ingo , Kosch Ferdinand , Rok Kralj , Marathovouniotis Nicos , Meyer Lutz , Neuhaus Kathrin , Rothe Karin , Schiestl Clemens , Sinnig Mechthild , Theiler Martin , von der Heydt Susanne , Wälchli Regula , Weibel Lisa , Wendenburg Wera , Breuninger Helmut 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren hat sich unser Wissensstand zu kongenitalen melanozytären Nävi (KMN) stark erweitert. Die Autoren, eine interdisziplinäre Gruppe von Ärzten und Ärztinnen mit umfangreicher Erfahrung in der Langzeitbetreuung und chirurgischen Therapie von Kindern und Erwachsenen mit KMN (Netzwerk Nävuschirurgie, NNC), geben hier eine Stellungnahme zur Indikationsstellung, Planung und Durchführung einer Behandlung unter diesen neuen Prämissen ab. Die Beratung der Eltern zum konservativen und/oder operativen Management von KMN muss im interdisziplinären Austausch stattfinden und zu einer individuellen Planung des oft mehrstufigen Prozesses führen. Hierbei steht das ästhetische Langzeitergebnis, nicht die Melanomprophylaxe, im Mittelpunkt. Bei keinem KMN gilt die Prämisse der „Entfernung um jeden Preis“. Mögliche therapiebedingte Nebenwirkungen (Hospitalisation, Wundheilungsstörungen etc.) müssen sorgfältig mit den Erfolgsaussichten abgewogen werden. Unter diesen Gesichtspunkten ist insbesondere die Methode der Dermabrasion zu hinterfragen. Auf einer Tagung des NNC im September 2018 wurde eine konsentierte Wertung erarbeitet, nach der die Dermabrasion häufig zu Wundheilungsstörungen sowie zu kosmetisch ungünstiger oder hypertropher Narbenbildung führen kann und sehr häufig mit einer oft erst Jahre später auftretenden Repigmentierung assoziiert ist. Zudem ist kein Nutzen im Sinne einer Melanomprophylaxe erkennbar. Daher sollte in Zukunft sorgfältig auf die möglichen Risiken und den oft limitierten kosmetischen Nutzen der Dermabrasion hingewiesen werden.
Convergent metatarsal fusion in jerboas and chickens is mediated by similarities and differences in the patterns of osteoblast and osteoclast activities
Authors: Gutierrez Haydee L. , Tsutsumi Rio , Moore Talia Y. , Cooper Kimberly L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn many vertebrate animals that run or leap, the metatarsals and/or metacarpals of the distal limb are fused into a single larger element, likely to resist fracture due to high ground‐reaction forces during locomotion. Although metapodial fusion evolved independently in modern birds, ungulates, and jerboas, the developmental basis has only been explored in chickens, which diverged from the mammalian lineage approximately 300 million years ago. Here, we use a bipedal rodent, the lesser Egyptian jerboa (Jaculus jaculus), to understand the cellular processes of metatarsal fusion in a mammal, and we revisit the developing chicken to assess similarities and differences in the localization of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. In both species, adjacent metatarsals align along flat surfaces, osteoblasts cross the periosteal membrane to unite the three elements in a single circumference, and osteoclasts resorb bone at the interfaces leaving a single marrow cavity. However, the pattern of osteoclast activity differs in each species; osteoclasts are highly localized to resorb bone at the interfaces of neighboring jerboa metatarsals and are distributed throughout the endosteum of chicken metatarsals. Each species, therefore, provides an opportunity to understand mechanisms that pattern osteoblast and osteoclast activities to alter bone shape during development and evolution.
Optogenetic and chemogenetic insights into the neurocircuitry of depression‐like behaviour: A systematic review
Authors: Biselli Tom , Lange Susen Sophie , Sablottny Lynn , Steffen Johannes , Walther Andreas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment are challenges for global health. Optogenetics and chemogenetics are driving MDD research forward by unveiling causal relations between cell­type‐specific control of neurons and depressive‐like behaviour in rodents. Using a systematic search process, in this review, a set of 43 original studies applying optogenetic or chemogenetic techniques in rodent models of depression was identified. Our aim was to provide an examination of all available studies elucidating central neuronal mechanisms leading to depressive‐like behaviour in rodents and thereby unveiling the most promising routes for future research. A complex interacting network of relevant structures, in which central circuitries causally related to depressive‐like behaviour are implicated, has been identified. As most relevant structures emerge: medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, ventral tegmental area, hippocampus and raphe nuclei. Further evidence, though examined by only few studies, emerges for structures like the lateral habenula, or medial dorsal thalamus. Most of the identified brain areas have previously been associated with MDD neuropathology, but now evidence can be provided for causal pathological mechanisms within a complex cortico‐limbic reward circuitry. However, the studies also show conflicting results concerning the mechanisms underlying the causal involvement of specific circuitries. Comparability of studies is partly limited since even small deviations in methodological approaches lead to different outcomes. Factors influencing study outcomes were identified and need to be considered in future studies (e.g. frequency used for stimulation, time and duration of stimulation, limitations of applied animal models of MDD).
Interspecific synchrony of seed rain shapes rodent‐mediated indirect seed–seed interactions of sympatric tree species in a subtropical forest
Authors: Yang Xifu , Yan Chuan , Gu Haifeng , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnimal‐mediated indirect interactions play a significant role in maintaining the biodiversity of plant communities. Less known is whether interspecific synchrony of seed rain can alter the indirect interactions of sympatric tree species. We assessed the seed dispersal success by tracking the fates of 21 600 tagged seeds from six paired sympatric tree species in both monospecific and mixed plots across 4 successive years in a subtropical forest. We found that apparent mutualism was associated with the interspecific synchrony of seed rain both seasonally and yearly, whereas apparent competition or apparent predation was associated with interspecific asynchrony of seed rain either seasonally or yearly. We did not find consistent associations of indirect interactions with seed traits. Our study suggests that the interspecific synchrony of seed rain plays a key role in the formation of animal‐mediated indirect interactions, which, in turn, may alter the seasonal or yearly seed rain schedules of sympatric tree species.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles: A new way to decipher host‐microbiota communications in inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: Dagnelie Marie‐Ange , Corvec Stéphane , Khammari Amir , Dréno Brigitte 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are bilayered lipid membrane structures, bearing integral proteins and able to carry diverse cargo outside the cell to distant sites. In microorganisms, EVs carry several types of molecules: proteins, glycoproteins, mRNAs and small RNA species, as mammalian EVs do, but also carbohydrates. Studying EVs opens a whole new world of possibilities to better understand the interplay between host and bacteria crosstalks, although there are still many questions to be answered in the field, especially when it comes to microbiota‐derived EVs. In this review, we propose to summarize and analyse the current literature about bacterial EVs and possible clinical applications, through answering three main questions: (a) What are bacterial EVs? (b) What are EV impacts on skin inflammatory disease physiopathology? (iii) What are the possible and expected clinical applications of EVs to treat inflammatory skin diseases?
Improving Parent Emotion Socialization Practices: Piloting Tuning in to Kids in Iran for Children With Disruptive Behavior Problems
Authors: Aghaie Meybodi Fateme , Mohammadkhani Parvaneh , Pourshahbaz Abbas , Dolatshahi Behrooz , Havighurst Sophie S. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate Tuning in to Kids (TIK), an emotion‐focused parenting program for mothers and preschool children with disruptive behavior problems in Iran.BackgroundDisruptive behaviors occur in approximately 23% of Iranian children and are associated with poorer emotional competence. The TIK parenting program was used to improve children's emotion competence and behavior by focusing on parent emotion socialization practices and emotion‐coaching skills.MethodFifty‐four children (3–6 years of age) were screened for behavior problems and randomly assigned to intervention or waitlist control conditions. Mothers in the intervention condition attended a six‐session version of the TIK program with two booster sessions at 2‐month intervals. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing children's behavior and emotional competence as well as parents' emotional socialization and emotion regulation at preintervention, postintervention, and 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsCompared with those in the control condition, mothers in the intervention condition reported statistically lower emotion dismissive parenting, child behavior problems, and emotion lability, as well as more emotion coaching.ConclusionTIK shows promise as a way of enhancing parent emotion socialization resulting in improved child behavior and emotional competence in children with disruptive behavior problems.ImplicationsThe findings suggest the program is a useful addition to existing parenting programs used in Iran.