bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental observation of the marginal glass phase in a colloidal glass
Authors: Hammond Andrew P. , Corwin Eric I. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Glass is one of the easiest materials to work with, capable of forming complex and sophisticated structures with relative ease in the hands of a glass blower. However, the underlying physical principles that allow glass to slowly melt and flow are among the least understood. Recent theoretical breakthroughs hope to reveal a new kind of underlying simplicity within glasses, one that might extend to all manner of disordered and complex materials. By studying the formation of a model glass system at extremely short time scales and small length scales, we have proven the central prediction of these theories, that glasses undergo an extremely subtle transition while forming, which controls their physical properties.
The functional activity of E-cadherin controls tumor cell metastasis at multiple steps
Authors: Na Tae-Young , Schecterson Leslayann , Mendonsa Alisha M. , Gumbiner Barry M. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The expression of E-cadherin has been implicated in tumor metastasis, often as a tumor suppressor, but also as a promoter of growth and metastasis. We have shown that the functional activity of E-cadherin at the cell surface is often modified in response to environmental factors, and have developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that activate E-cadherin adhesive function. These activating mAbs inhibit the metastasis of endogenous genetically driven mammary tumors in mice, and we dissect the process to show that these mAbs work at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, including local invasion, intravasation, cell survival, and extravasation into the target organ. Thus, the functional state of E-cadherin is an important determinant of metastatic potential beyond whether the gene is expressed.
Association of Cl with C
2
H
2
by unified variable-reaction-coordinate and reaction-path variational transition-state theory
Authors: Zhang Linyao , Truhlar Donald G. , Sun Shaozeng 
Published: March 2020

Significance
A key issue in chemical kinetics is advancing the theoretical framework to handle reactions beyond the domain of textbook transition-state theory by including––for example––anharmonicity, barrierless transition states, transition states in series, and the effect of conformational flexibility on equilibrium constants. Other key issues are validating affordable electronic structure methods for direct dynamics and the direct calculation of high-pressure limiting rate constants, which are often obtainable experimentally only by extrapolation. The present article addresses all these issues for a prototype radical–molecule association reaction and thereby demonstrates how to combine improved theoretical methods to provide rate constants in cases where experimental data are uncertain or missing.
Clonemate cotransmission supports a role for kin selection in a puppeteer parasite
Authors: Criscione Charles D. , van Paridon Bradley J. , Gilleard John S. , Goater Cameron P. 
Published: March 2020

SignificanceThe lancet flukeDicrocoelium dendriticumcan precisely manipulate its ant host to facilitate transmission to its ungulate host. However, the sole parasite manipulator in the ant brain is presumed not infective to its next host whereas the parasites in the abdomen of the same ant are infective. We conducted a test of genetic relatedness between the brain fluke to those flukes in the abdomen. Our data show that clonemates (i.e. genetically identical individuals) are cotransmitted into ants and that the brain fluke is often a clonemate of flukes in the abdomen. Hence, our study provides empirical evidence that supports a role for kin selection in the evolution of a host-manipulating behavior.
Learning how to communicate in infancy
Authors: Matthews Danielle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Just like other baby apes, human infants make it their business to stay in safe contact with their caregivers. The difference is that humans do this not just by holding on for dear life, but by ensuring their caregivers are in psychological contact with them. To this end, many of the most important communicative developments take place within the first two years of life. In this chapter we will review how physical mutual responsiveness gives way to the back-and-forth of proto-conversation, where caregivers respond to hiccups, coos and sneezes as if they were speech. Infants discover that they can make sounds and gestures in order to engage others and take turns. They become able to make demands of people, bring things to their attention and ask questions of them. Once they have mastered doing so non-verbally, they soon learn that they can use words for the same purposes (even though they don’t understand words as intersubjectively agreed symbols until sometime later). These communicative developments far outstrip those of any other animal on the planet. And yet it seems that it is precisely the relatively slow development of human infants that affords our species unique mode of communication. Newborns, equipped with a desire to be with others and some basic attentional preferences, are set up to learn from their social environment and thereby guarantee their entry into human culture.
Heads, shoulders, knees and toes
Authors: Twomey Katherine E. , Cangelosi Angelo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Decades of research have brought us a long way in understanding the many factors that affect language acquisition. However, while a wealth of empirical studies have characterised children’s language learning behaviours, from pre-speech to syntax, until relatively recently researchers have been unable to explicitly test developmental mechanisms. However, advances in computational modelling and in particular in developmental robotics have allowed researchers to implement and test developmental theories, specifying explicitly the knowledge and cognitive computations assumed to be at play during language development. The current chapter reviews a series of developmental robotics models of the early stages of language development, illustrating (a) the importance for future theory development of cross-disciplinary collaboration and (b) an emerging new view of language acquisition in which nonlinguistic – as well as linguistic – input drives language development.
Understanding the cross-linguistic pattern of verb-marking error in typically developing children and children with Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Pine Julian M. , Freudenthal Daniel , Gobet Fernand 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Verb-marking errors such as ‘*That go there’ and ‘*We make this yesterday’ are a characteristic feature of children’s early language. In this chapter, we review work on the cross-linguistic pattern of verb-marking error that suggests that these errors reflect the incorrect use of non-finite forms in finite contexts (often referred to as ‘Optional Infinitive (OI) errors’). The vast majority of this research has been conducted within the generativist tradition and has assumed that OI errors reflect an underlying maturational difference between the child and the adult grammar. However, we show that a detailed analysis of the cross-linguistic data reveals patterns that are difficult to explain in these terms, and can be more readily explained under the assumption that OI errors are learned directly from the input as a result of weaknesses in the child’s ability to process longer utterances. The implication is that the cross-linguistic pattern of verb-marking errors in children’s early language can only be properly understood by focusing on the relation between the kind of errors that young children make and the semantic-distributional properties of the language to which they have been exposed.
Lessons from studying language development in bilingual children
Authors: Serratrice Ludovica 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The chapter starts by providing an overview of the many factors that contribute to children’s bilingual experience including the societal context and the social status of the two languages, the household composition and the access to native speakers, the age of first exposure, the distance between the two languages and patterns of code-switching. The second half of the chapter homes in on three areas of language development where bilingualism shapes the relationship with the input, plays a role in the relationship between processing skills and pragmatic skills, and affects representations across two languages. Within-language and across-language relationships in the first three years of word learning highlight the language-specific nature of the role of the input. The interaction between pragmatic skills, vocabulary size and lexical learning in a comparative monolingual-bilingual framework further unpack how much is language-specific in the course of early development. The final section moves beyond the lexicon to investigate the extent to which syntactic representations are shared across languages and how this affects cross-linguistic influence at the syntactic level in older pre-school children.
Language disorders and autism
Authors: Abbot-Smith Kirsten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Usage-based theories explain language development in terms of the specific characteristics of language input in combination with a child’s own inherent ability to engage in shared intentionality and statistical learning. In this chapter, I discuss these mechanisms in relation to evidence from Developmental Language Disorders (DLD) and Autism. First, there is evidence for the role of language input in both conditions. The specific patterns of morpho-syntax impairments in DLD are clearly affected by the relative perceptual salience, frequency and complexity of morpho-syntax in the specific language a child is acquiring. Regarding autism, the grammatical complexity of parental child-directed utterances predicts child vocabulary and morpho-syntactic skills at later time-points. Nonetheless, both conditions are highly heritable, raising questions about the child-internal mechanisms leading to language learning difficulties. Impairments in statistical learning could potentially account for morpho-syntactic difficulties in DLD. However, any firm conclusions await assessments of statistical learning which have good test – retest reliability. Autistic children might plausibly tend to have difficulties with – or lack motivation for – engaging in shared intentionality. If verified, this could account for patterns of relatively spared nuts-and-bolts (structural, core) language in the face of pragmatic language difficulties. However, to date studies of autistic difficulties with shared intentionality have not stringently ruled out alternative explanations. Both DLD and autism are likely to exist on a continuum with the neuro-typical population. Future research needs to move towards designs which can more fully accommodate the vast heterogeneity that exists within both DLD and autism.
Study of the parameter dependence of laser-accelerated protons from a hydrogen cluster source
Authors: Aurand B , Schwind KM , Toncian T , Aktan E , Cerchez M , Lessmann L , Mannweiler C , Prasad R , Khoukaz A , Willi O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We present a study on laser-driven proton acceleration from a hydrogen cluster target. Aiming for the optimisation of the proton source, we performed a detailed parametric scan of the interaction conditions by varying different laser and the target parameters. While the underlying process of a Coulomb-explosion delivers moderate energies, in the range of 100 s of keV, the use of hydrogen as target material comes with the benefit of a debris-free, single-species proton acceleration scheme, enabling high repetition-rate experiments, which are very robust against shot-to-shot fluctuations.
Topological order on the Bloch sphere
Authors: Liss Rotem , Mor Tal , Orús Román 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A Bloch sphere is the geometrical representation of an arbitrary two-dimensional Hilbert space. Possible classes of entanglement and separability for the pure and mixed states on the Bloch sphere were suggested by [Boyer et al 2017 PRA 95 032 308]. Here we construct a Bloch sphere for the Hilbert space spanned by one of the ground states of Kitaev’s toric code model and one of its closest product states. We prove that this sphere contains only one separable state, thus belonging to the fourth class suggested by the said paper. We furthermore study the topological order of the pure states on its surface and conclude that, according to conventional definitions, only one state (the toric code ground state) seems to present non-trivial topological order. We conjecture that most of the states on this Bloch sphere are neither ‘trivial’ states (namely, they cannot be generated from a product state using a trivial circuit) nor topologically ordered. In addition, we show that the whole setting can be understood in terms of Grover rotations with gauge symmetry, akin to the quantum search algorithm.
Locally-triggered hydrophobic collapse induces global interface self-cleaning in van-der-Waals heterostructures at room-temperature
Authors: Wakolbinger Stefan , Geisenhof Fabian R , Winterer Felix , Palmer Samuel , Crimmann Juri G , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Trixler Frank , Weitz R Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Mutual relative orientation and well defined, uncontaminated interfaces are the key to obtain van-der-Waals heterostacks with defined properties. Even though the van-der-Waals forces are known to promote the ‘self-cleaning’ of interfaces, residue from the stamping process, which is often found to be trapped between the heterostructure constituents, can interrupt the interlayer interaction and therefore the coupling. Established interfacial cleaning methods usually involve high-temperature steps, which are in turn known to lead to uncontrolled rotations of layers within fragile heterostructures. Here, we present an alternative method feasible at room temperature. Using the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM), we locally control the activation of interlayer attractive forces, resulting in the global removal of contaminants from the interface (i.e. the contaminants are also removed in regions several µm away from the line touched by the AFM tip). By testing combinations of various hydrophobic van-der-Waals materials, mild temperature treatments, and by observing the temporal evolution of the contaminant removal process, we identify that the AFM tip triggers a dewetting-induced hydrophobic collapse and the van-der-Waals interaction is driving the cleaning process. We anticipate that this process is at the heart of the known ‘self-cleaning’ mechanism. Our technique can be utilized to controllably establish interlayer close coupling between a stack of van-der-Waals layers, and additionally allows to pattern and manipulate heterostructures locally for example to confine material into nanoscopic pockets between two van-der-Waals materials.
Cu2FeSnS4 nanoparticles: potential photovoltaic absorption materials for solar cell application
Authors: Deepika R , Meena P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Quaternary semiconductor Cu2FeSnS4 (CFTS) nanoparticle powder have been prepared by a simple chemical technique. The synthesized CFTS nanoparticles have been characterized via powder XRD analysis, Raman spectra, FE-SEM-EDS, UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, thermal analysis and electrochemical characterization. Powder XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirm the phase and structure of the prepared nanoparticles. The optical absorption studies reveal that the CFTS nanoparticles have a direct optimal band gap in the range from 1.32 to 1.5 eV, which indicates that these nanoparticles are potential absorber materials for thin-film photovoltaic application. The synthesized CFTS nanoparticles were transformed to the ink form and the obtained nanoparticle ink coated on a FTO conducting substrate (surface resistivity-13 Ω sq−1). The catalytic activity of the substrate was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammogram (CV) curves. The appropriate optical band gap and stable electrical properties indicate that Cu2FeSnS4 Nanoparticles are potential materials for thin-film photovoltaic application.
Suppressing spinodal decomposition by incorporation of reduced graphene oxide into (Sn0.5Ti0.5)O2 solid solution
Authors: Choi Yun-Hyuk 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Here, it is found that the incorporation of rGO into (Sn0.5Ti0.5)O2 solid solution suppresses spinodal decomposition via two characteristic routes. First, the addition of rGO to the solid solution leads to the compositional change from (Sn0.5Ti0.5)O2 to (Sn0.1Ti0.9)O2 moving out of the miscibility gap at SnO2-TiO2 phase diagram, which suppresses spinodal decomposition. The results indicate that addition of rGO promotes reduction and evaporation of SnO2 during heat treatment. Secondly, the incorporation of rGO is found to produce the solid solution with lower Sn and Ti valences and more oxygen vacancies, which can also suppress spinodal decomposition.
Piezoelectric 3D bioprinting for ophthalmological applications: process development and viability analysis of the technology
Authors: Hoehne Juliana Lopes , Carlstron Regina , Dernorwsek Janaína , Cristovam Priscila Cardoso , Bachiega Helder Luiz , Abensur Silvia Itzcovici , Schor Paulo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Piezoelectric inkjet 3D bioprinting technology is a viable technique for ophthalmological applications. It provides versatility, high sensibility and accuracy, required in ophthalmological procedures. A process flow for biofabrication was described in detail and validated, using piezoelectric inkjet technology, for ophthalmological applications, in vitro and in situ, based on complex images. Ophthalmological problems were documented by diagnostic examinations and were fed to the flow as complex images. The Concept Mapping methodology and the Conceptual Design approach were utilized to elaborate the 3D bioprinting process flow. It was developed a bioink with corneal epithelial cells. To simulate an in situ bioprinting process, eyes of pigs were selected as the substrate to print the cells. Print scripts used the digitally treated images. In order to print on predefined locations, alignment devices and sample holders were built. The proposed process flow has shown to be a potential tool for the biofabrication of ophthalmological solutions.
Factor, Concurrent and Predictive Validity of the Readiness to Change Questionnaire [Treatment Version] Among Non-Treatment-Seeking Individuals
Authors: Richards Dylan K , Morera Osvaldo F , Cabriales José A , Smith Juliana Cardoso , Field Craig A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Aims
This study assessed the factor, concurrent and predictive validity of the revised Readiness to Change Questionnaire [Treatment Version] (RCQ[TV]) among non-treatment-seeking individuals.

Methods
Non-treatment-seeking patients (Mage = 34.8, SD = 12.4) who screened positive for alcohol misuse were recruited from three urban Level I Trauma Centers and completed the RCQ[TV] (Heather et al. [(1999) Development of a treatment version of the Readiness to Change Questionnaire. Addict Res7, 63–83]).

Results
A confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor structure of the RCQ[TV]. Observed scores for precontemplation, contemplation and action demonstrated concurrent validity, as they were correlated with drinking and alcohol-related problems prior to baseline assessment. Finally, RCQ[TV] scores at baseline added to the predictability of an alcohol consumption composite score at a 3-month follow-up after controlling for baseline alcohol consumption and randomization to treatment arm.

Conclusions
The results of the present study suggest that the RCQ[TV] has desirable psychometric properties and supports the use of the RCQ[TV] among non-treatment-seeking patients with alcohol misuse.
Changes in Alkaline Phosphatase and 5'-Nucleotidase Multiple Forms After Surgical Management of Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Novo F J , Tutor J C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Serial measurements of alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase multiple forms in two patients undergoing surgical procedures to release biliary obstruction suggested an inverse relationship between high-M(r) isoforms and serum bile acids concentrations. Furthermore, the study of several groups of patients with cholestatic disorders confirmed this inverse correlation. Mechanisms responsible for these observations are discussed.
A case report of recurrent transient ischaemic attacks on dabigatran for atrial fibrillation: real-world insight into treatment failure
Authors: Huynh Ronald , Anderson Stephanie , Chen Vivien M , Yeoh Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for acute ischaemic stroke. There has been an increase in the use of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC therapy) in stroke prophylaxis due to their convenience and rapid action of onset. However, there is a lack of information in the literature regarding management options and possible mechanisms with the apparent failure of DOAC therapy.

Case summary
We present a clinical case of a 51-year-old man presenting with transient ischaemic attacks on a background of AF on therapeutic doses of dabigatran. His medication box suggested 100% compliance and his admission coagulation studies showed a marginally prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time (TT). While in hospital, our patient had supervised doses of dabigatran (150 mg b.i.d.). Despite this, his peak dabigatran level was undetectable (&lt;40 ng/mL). With the apparent failure of therapy, he was switched to apixaban 5 mg b.i.d., which showed subsequent peak levels in the target range.

Discussion
There are a number of isolated case reports of DOAC failure in stroke prophylaxis and management has simply involved switching to another DOAC or warfarin. This case is unique as we have discovered undetectable levels of dabigatran providing a mechanism for failure.