bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENENTUAN JALUR TERPENDEK MENGGUNAKAN ALJABAR MIN-PLUS. Studi Kasus : Distribusi Kentang Jalur Pangalengan, Bandung - Jakarta
Authors: Putri Rani Kurnia 
Published: May 2020

Penggunaan Sistem Event Diskrit (SED) dalam memodelkan, menganalisa dan mengontrol sistem-sistem yang kompleks menjadi salah satu fokus dalam dunia akademik. Gambaran karakteristik SED adalah ‘kedinamikaanya’ yaitu ‘event driven’ dimana hal tersebut bertolak belakang dengan ‘time driven’. Suatu event berkaitan dengan awal atau akhir dari suatu aktifitas. Event terjadi dengan waktu diskrit, dan interval diantara event tidak harus identik (bisa deterministic atau stokastik). Aljabar Max-plus dapat menentukan dan menganalisis berbagai sifat sistem, tetapi pendekatan hanya bisa diterapkan pada sebagian klas SED, yaitu pada klas SED yang dapat diuraikan dengan model waktu invariant max-linier. Selain aljabar max-plus, dalam John and George juga disinggung beberapa varian aljabar yang serupa dengan aljabar max-plus, yaitu aljabar min-plus (dengan operasi minimum dan penjumlahan) dan aljabar max-min (dengan operasi maksimum dan minimum).
Artikel ini akan membahas tentang penentuan jalur terpendek menggunakan aljabar min-plus dengan studi kasus pada jalur distribusi kentang di pangalengan, Bandung menuju pasar Kramat jati Jakarta. Hal ini penting untuk dilakukan karena Kentang memiliki waktu kerusakan yang relatif singkat, dan kentang memiliki sifat, bila satu kentang membususk, maka kentang yang membusuk tersebut akan ‘menulari’ kentang yang lain, sehingga dalam waktu cepat kentang tersebut akan membusuk semuanya. Sehingga semakin cepat pendistribusian kentang sampai ke tangan konsumen akan semakin baik.
Kata kunci: Aljabar Min-Plus, Jalur Terpendek, Distribusi Kentang
Implementasi Perangkat Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Pada Penataan Sanggul Up Style Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Di Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya
Authors: Hipij Vony Fatmawati 
Published: May 2020

Developments in science and technology requires qualified human resources, able to develop and master the science technology through learning activities that can improve student learning outcomes in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains which automatically takes the role of tools and learning models. One type of learning model that can meet the needs for human resources capable of developing science and technology is a learning model based on the problem. Research design used in this research is the development of research design pattern and post-test one group pretest design. In this study the development of statistical hypothesis test results obtained using a sign test grades count ≥ h h table. Mastery learning outcomes of students in each school with a learning model based on the problem gained mastery of 79.98% at class experimental and 76.69% at class control in adibuana university of Surabaya with KKM value by 70%. Completeness of the results obtained it can be concluded from the results of the implementation of the development of a learning device based on the competency issue bun up styles to improve student learning outcomes well.
Keywords: Learning tool, Problem based instruction, Mastery learning
PENGARUH JENIS SAMPAH, VARIASI UMUR SAMPAH TERHADAP LAJU INFILTRASI LUBANG RESAPAN BIOPORI (LRB)
Authors: Habibiyah Ananda Wulida , Widyastuti Sri 
Published: May 2020

Lubang resapan biopori digunakan sebagai tempat untuk menampung dan meresapkan air permukaan agar tidak menjadi banjir dan menjadi cadangan air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan laju Infiltrasi air pada lubang biopori berdasarkan variasi umur dan jenis sampah. Penelitian dilakukan di Fakultas Teknik Universitas PGRI Adi Buana Jl. Dukuh Menanggal XII Surabaya. Variabel yang digunakan adalah variasi umur sampah dan jenis sampah. Jenis sampah yang digunakan meliputi sampah organik yaitu sampah daun, sampah kantin dan sampah campuran yang terdiri sampah daun dan sampah kantin. Pengamatan umur sampah dilakukan pada hari ke-7 sampai dengan hari ke- 21. Dimensi lubang biopori dibuat dengan kedalaman 80 cm, dan diameter 7,7 cm. Jarak antar lubang adalah 100 cm. Hasil penelitian adalah jenis sampah dapat mempengaruhi laju infiltrasi pada Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB). Sampah yang paling besar dalam meresapkan air adalah pada jenis sampah sisa makanan kantin, dengan nilai laju infiltrasi sebesar 0,0126 l/s dengan umur sampah hari ke – 16. Lubang Resapan biopori (LRB) sampah sisa makanan kantin memberikan tingkat keefektifan yang cukup signifikan terhadap blangko dalam meresapkan air mencapai rata-rata 62,5 %.

Kata Kunci : lubang resapan biopori, jenis sampah,umur sampah, laju infiltrasi
PRAGMATIC COMPETENCE OF TEACHER-STUDENTS AT ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Authors: Nurjati Nunung , Andanty Ferra Dian 
Published: May 2020

English in Indonesia is still acting as a foreign language in a way that the language is still limited in use to be practiced in schools. English has not been as a second language in Indonesia. As a foreign language, English is still not fully utilized as appropriate in countries native speakers. The L2 still encounter verbal interaction with speakers of foreign languages, especially English teachers and learners in schools that are not in accordance with the function and the situation. The purposes of this study are to (1) describe the utterances used by the lecturer-student in meaningful situation, and (2) to describe a form of speech which implies related to the competence of pragmatic form of representation of (1) deixis, (2) conversational implicatures, (3) pre-supposition, and (4) acts of speech in the discourse of learning instructional interaction in English language education courses. This study uses a qualitative approach to the narrative definition. The data of this study include: (1) verbal aspects of speech acts between lecturer and students situational context, and (2) a form of speech acts that implies in terms of illocutionary and in terms of conversational implicatures.

Keywords: pragmatic competence, situational meaning, narrative definition, deixis, conversational implicatures
APPLIKASI KRITERIA ROUTH-HURWITZ PADA KESTABILAN MODEL INTERAKSI PADI-HAMA
Authors: Cahyaningtias Sari 
Published: May 2020

Pertumbuhan tanaman padi pada lahan pertanian dapat membentuk suatu interaksi dengan pola tertentu dimana populasi tanaman padi yang besifat dinamik sebagai prey (mangsa) mendapatkan ancaman dari predator (pemangsa). Predator dalam penelitian ini dibatasi pada hama. Kedua jenis spesies ini terikat dalam bentuk interaksi yang dinamakan predator-prey. Tingginya populasi pada salah satu jenis spesies akan mempengaruhi jumlah populasi spesies yang lain. Model Lotka-Volterra dua dimensi digunakan sebagai dasar pembentukan model dinamik interaksi antara tanaman padi dengan hama. Analisis kestabilan pada model ini, diperlukan untuk mendapatkan pola interaksi antara tanaman padi dengan hama. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan dua jenis titik penyelesaian dari sistem yang dibentuk antara lain dan . Hasil dari analisis titik-titik penyelesaian yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa pada titik terjadi kepunahan baik pada predator (hama) dan juga prey (padi). Sedangkan pada terjadi kesetimbangan pada proses interaksi. Analisis kestabilan nilai karakteristik dan kestabilan Routh-Hurwitz menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini stabil pada
DIMENSI METRIK PADA GRAF TURAN
Authors: Mutianingsih Ninik 
Published: May 2020

Himpunan adalah resolving set (himpunan pembeda) dari jika setiap simpul di memiliki representasi tunggal pada yang ditentukan oleh jarak dari simpul dari terhadap simpul di . Dimensi metrik dari adalah kardinalitas minimum dari resolving set pada . Pada paper ini akan dijelaskan tentang dimensi metrik pada graf Turan, yaitu graf multipartisi komplit yang dinotasikan dengan dengan adalah banyaknya seluruh simpul dari graf dan adalah banyaknya partisi. Dimensi metrik dari graf dengan adalah . Sedangkan untuk graf Turan yang tidak komplit yang memiliki order dengan menjaga keterhubungan antara setiap simpul pada semua partisi memiliki dimensi metrik yaitu .
Kata Kunci : dimensi metrik, graf Turan, resolving set
ANALISA PENGARUH MODAL SOSIAL TERHADAP ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIORS (OCB) DENGAN MEDIASI KEPERCAYAAN PADA MANAJEMEN
Authors: Ubaidillah Hasan 
Published: May 2020

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDESA) adalah kelembagaan usaha ekonomi masyarakat yang didirikan dengan tujuan sebagai kekuatan masyarakat dalam mengelola kekuatan ekonomi masyarakat, bukan hanya kekuatan dari sisi produksi akan tetapi juga potensi ekonomi, pemasaran, distribusi dan juga pengelolaan sumberdaya manusia dan diharapkan mampu menjadi perusahaan yang bertempat di desa dan menjadi perusahaan milik masyarakat desa
Badan usaha milik desa dituntut untuk mampu berinovasi dan mengembangkan kemampuan pengelolaan modal yang dimiliki, baik pengembangan modal sumberdaya manusia,modal teknologi, pengembangan modal keuangan (financial) serta modal kelembagaan lain yang dimiliki. Salah satu bentuk modal penting adalah kekuatan modal sosial.
Modal sosial yang diwujudkan dalam pola interaksi yang baik antar individu dalam badan usaha atau perusahaan akan menciptakan kenyamanan bekerja serta menumbuhkan kepercayaan (Trust) antar masing-masing individu, sehingga melahirkan kekuatan untuk meningkatkan kinerja lebih dari yang sudah ditentukan (OCB).
Kata Kunci : BUMDesa, Modal sosial, Kepercayaan (Trust) dan Organizational Citizenship Behaviors OCB
KETERKAITAN RESIKO KECELAKAAN TERHADAP KAPASITAS JALAN DI KALIANAK KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Nuurlaily Siti , Firnaningsih Vicky 
Published: May 2020

Tingginya aktifitas sisi jalan atau hambatan samping menyebabkan kapasitas jalan menurun. Jalan Kalianak Kota Surabaya. mempunyai daya tarik cukup besar karena merupakan kawasan pergudangan, permukiman, perdagangan dan jasa sehingga menimbulkan bangkitan dan tarikan. Hal ini tentunya berdampak pada tingkat kecelakaan. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kondisi kapasitas jalan, hambatan samping dan kecelakaan di Jalan Kalianak dan mengidentifikasi pengaruh hambatan samping terhadap kapasitas jalan dan resiko terjadinya kecelakaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis korelasi parsial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kapasitas tertinggi pada segmen 5 sebesar 5689,80 smp/jam; sedangkan untuk tingkat pelayanan jalan pada setiap segmen yaitu sama di hari senin dan kamis berada pada kategori C dan di hari minggu berada pada kategori B. Hambatan samping tergolongtinggi (H) di jalan kalianak yaitu segmen 1 dan segmen 2 terjadi pada hari senin dan kamis sedangkan untuk hari minggu nilai hambatan samping tergolong L (rendah). Hasil uji korelasi parsial menyatakan pengaruh antara variabel hambatan samping (X1) dan kapasitas jalan (X2)dengan kecelakaan (Y) sangat kuat dengan kontribusi hambatan samping (X1) dan Kapasitas Jalan (X2) sebesar 97% terhadap kejadian kecelakaan sedangkan 3% kejadian kecelakaan di sebabkan oleh faktor lain seperti kelalaian pengemudi serta kondisi jalan yang rusak.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MASKER JAGUNG DAN MADU TERHADAP PERAWATAN KULIT WAJAH KERING
Authors: Fatmawati Atika , . Susilowati 
Published: May 2020

Jagung selain dapat di olah menjadi makanan pokok dan makanan hewan ternak ternyata menyimpan berbagai manfaat yang baik untuk perawatan kecantikan. Salah satu olahan jagung yang dapat di manfaatkan ialah pembuatan masker jagung dan madu untuk perawatan kulit wajah kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana sifat fisik masker jagung dan madu yang meliputi warna, aroma, terkstur, dan kesukaan panelis, menganalisis pengaruh masker jagung dan madu terhadap perawatan kulit wajah kering di tinjau dari tekstur kulit, kelembaban kulit, elastisitas kulit dan menentukan tanggapan observer terhadap masker dan perawatan kulit wajah kering. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitafi dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini wanita usia 20-25 Tahun. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi dan uji kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, aroma, tekstur, daya lekat sejumlah 10 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh penggunaan masker jagung dan madu terhadap perawatan kulit wajah kering dan mempunyai kriteria warna putih kecokelatan, beraroma harum dan enak, tekstur yang sangat halus, lembab, elastisitas yang baik terasa kencang dan kenyal, serta kondisi kulit yang membaik pada treatment ke 3 dan disukai oleh responden.
Sympathetic involvement in time-constrained sequential foraging
Authors: Dundon Neil M. , Garrett Neil , Babenko Viktoriya , Cieslak Matt , Daw Nathaniel D. , Grafton Scott T. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAppraising sequential offers relative to an unknown future opportunity and a time cost requires an optimization policy that draws on a learned estimate of an environment’s richness. Converging evidence points to a learning asymmetry, whereby estimates of this richness update with a bias toward integrating positive information. We replicate this bias in a sequential foraging (prey selection) task and probe associated activation within the sympathetic branch of the autonomic system, using trial-by-trial measures of simultaneously recorded cardiac autonomic physiology. We reveal a unique adaptive role for the sympathetic branch in learning. It was specifically associated with adaptation to a deteriorating environment: it correlated with both the rate of negative information integration in belief estimates and downward changes in moment-to-moment environmental richness, and was predictive of optimal performance on the task. The findings are consistent with a framework whereby autonomic function supports the learning demands of prey selection.
CROP FERTILIZER USE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS (CFE): A Tool in identifying appropriate planting materials of coconut in different agro climatic conditions
Authors: S.S. MAGAT S.S. MAGAT 
Published: May 2020

Nine (9) sites with different growing conditions used in the Regional Testing of Promising Coconut Hybrids and Cultivars in the Philippines or MULTILOC Project (1985‑1996) was subjected to the Crop Fertilizer Use Efficiency (CFE) Analysis. Two CFE indices were used CFEn = nut yield/kg fertilizer applied (per tree) and CFE X = kg copra yield kg fertilizers applied (per tree).

To a great extent, crop fertilizer use efficiency (CFE) ofsuperior hybrids grown in similar environments and appied with same moderate rates offertilizers have higher efficiency of converting the appliedfertilizers to economic yield, nuts or copra (measured in terms of CFEn and CFEc) compared to tall varielies tested in all MULTILOC sites (dry, intermediate and wet growing zone) at n ine years ftom field‑planting (FP). The CFEs, CFEn (nut‑based) at nine sites clearly differed in ternu of the first (best) five entries with highest CFE values. Explanation for this observation deserves further study, looking into the relationship of hybrid vigour (heterosis), crop morphology, physiology and yield.
NET N MINERALISATION IN COCONUT/NITROGEN FIXING TREE BASED SYSTEM
Authors: N.A Tennakoon  , M. de S, Liyanage  
Published: May 2020

To study the net N mineralisation rates of coconut/NFT plantations, a field incubation technique was carried out. In this study, four types of NFT i.e. Acacia auriculiformis, Calliandra calothyrsus, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala and coconut monocropping were selected. Forty plastic tubes were inserted into the soil, to a depth of 15 cm at a distance of 2 m and l m away from coconut palm, for field incubation period of 2 weeks. Similarly another set of forty tubes were inserted for a 4 week field incubation period, after removing the previous set of tubes. Fresh soll samples (same depth) were also taken close to the inserted tubes on the day on which tubes were inserted for the estimation of initial N concentrations in the soil. Mineralised N concentrations were extracted by 2 M KCl and the net N mineralisation rates were calculated.

Net N mineralisation was significantly higher (P= 0.001) 4 weeks after field incubation peniod than 2 weeks and also, the significant higher (P= 0.001) net N mineralisation was shown 2 m away from coconut than l m away from coconut. The highest net N mineralisation (4.9 ‑ 15.5 kgha-1) was found in Gliricidia site than in the other NFT sites, followed by Leucaena > Calliandra > Acacia. The lowest net N mineralisation (1.2 ‑ 2.2 kgha-1) was recorded in the coconut monocrop, either 2 weeks or 4 weeks incubation period. This study clearly indicated that growing NFTs with coconut enhances N availability in coconut lands and Gliricidia being the most promismig.
UNDERPLANTING OF YOUNG COCONUTS UNDER ADULT STANDS OF COCONUT PALMS FOR PRODUCTION OF EDIBLE VEGETATIVE PITH OR 'UBOD'
Authors: Gerardo D. Padrones  , Millicent I. Secretaria  , Severino S. Magat  
Published: May 2020

The feasibility and viability of producing edible vegetative coconut pith or 'ubod' from young coconuts planted with double plants per hill under adult coconut bearing palms was studied at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Davao Research Center, Bago Oshiro Davao City.

The average weight of 'ubod' from double planting scheme was 5.9 kg/palm (range 2.8 -9.4 kg) on the first year of 'ubod' harvest. There was a very slight increase (average of 0.2 kg/palm) in 'ubod' weight on the second year of harvest. The total ubod yield for two years harvesting schedule was 8.9 t/ha.

Under the Davao growing condition, cost and return analysis of 'ubod' production in double plants per hill scheme indicated a total net income of P129,030 per ha in 4 years with a return on investment (ROI) of 180%. While copra production from adult bearing palms realized a total of P 114,675 for 4 years with an average ROI of 242%. Considering copra plus 'ubod' yield from this production scheme, the cumulative net income and ROI obtained were: P 242,389.6 and 203% respectively.

Based on the results of this study with modest fertilizer application of ammonium sulfate plus common salt (NaCl), underplanting of two young coconuts per hill (spaced at two feet away from each other) at 3 x 3 m distance between spaces of bearing coconut palms harvested at three years from field-planting is a profitable and viable production scheme to increase farm productivity. The farm income with this coconut-based production is increased by 200% compared to coconut monocropping.
ROOT ABSORPTION AS A METHOD OF INTRODUCING INSECUCIDES INTO COCONUT PALMS FOR THE CONTROL OF LEAF FEEDING CATERPILLARS
Authors: Christa Ulin Ginting  , R. Desmier de Chenon  
Published: May 2020

The root absorption technique has been shown to be very ef­fective method for the control of coconut leef feeding caterpillars.

However, this method, in order to be effective, requires a good system for monitoring the population level of the pest and a well organized and coordinated pest control teams.

Like the trunk injection method the root absorption tech­nique has also many advantages: high effectiveness, good distribu­tion of insecticides in the leaves, efficient, less harmful, long remanence does not affect the natural enen‑des, thus a good method to use for integrated pest control. Furthermore, unlike the trunk injection method, the root absorption technique utilizes the root, not the trunk, of the coconut palm for introducing the pesticide. Hence, not injurious to the tree as well.
THE COCONUT INDUSTRY – SOLOMON ISLANDS
Authors: Brian G.C. Smith  
Published: May 2020

The coconut plays a vital part in the culture and economy of Solomon Islands. Not only is it the main source of income to the majority of smallholders in the country it is also an important ‑ food.

The Government has recently carried out a survey of the smallholde­r coconut sector which has produced valuable baseline data high government is basing a development programme.

Whilst a replanting programme is not envisaged farmers will encouraged through demonstrations based on research findings crease the output from the existing resource to improve rural and national incomes and to ensure a continuing supply of this food for the increasing population.
SHORT TERM in vitro PRESERVATION OF COCONUT SEED MATERIAL: A METHOD TO FACILITATE FIELD COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT OF COCONUT GERMPLASM
Authors: S.M. Karunaratne  
Published: May 2020

High cost of transport and the short storage fife of recalcitrant seednuts are two major obstacles to the effective field collection and exchange of coconut germplasm. An in vitro method invol­ving the culture of zygotic embryos of coconut was developed to overcome these problems. The excised embryos were initially subjected to a slow growth phase by culturing in an agar based medium containing nutrients barely sufficient for their survival. After 2, 3 and 5 months in this medium, the embryos were trans­ferred to the gerinination or the development medium for resumption of growth and plant development. 53% of the zygotic embryos preserved in this manner for a period of 2 months produced nor­mal plants when transferred to the gennination medium. The percentage germination dropped to 32 after 5 months storage in the survival medium. The prolonged low temperature storage of cultures (100 and 40C for three months), caused irreversible damage to the coconut embryos and no plants were formed when transferred to the germination medium.

The advantages of the technique are that a large number of 'seednuts' can be transported free of pests in a small container and requires no change in the culture medium during the preser­vation period. Unlike the germination medium, the survival me­dium is agar based and hence the risk of containination is low. The non gerridnators can be identified and rejected prior to the germination phase.
STATUS OF COCONUT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN TANZANIA
Authors: E. N. BALINGASA  
Published: May 2020

Coconut is an important economic crop in the coastal belt of Tanzania and the island. However, production has been dwindling through the years due to various constraints, eg, poor plantation management, lack of improved planting materials, insect pests ‑ notably Oryctes monoceros Oliv, and the coreid bug, Pseuclotheraptus wayi Brown plus a lethaf‑disease presently belie to be caused by mycoplasmalike organisms.

To offset further decline of the industry, the National Coconut Development Programme was created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, assisted by the Federal Republic of Germany and the World Bank. Production promotion activities were implemented ‑ conducting selection works on the East African Tall coconut population, establishment of seed gardens to produce high yielding planting materials and supporting extension to disserninate technical information. Simultaneously, researches in agronomy, breeding, pest and disease control were conducted. Lately, farming systems research was added as a new project component. Significant findings on the various research areas are discussed in this paper plus some aspects of utilization, processing and marketing.
PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT TIMBER UNDER FIELD AND SERVICE CONDITIONS
Authors: R.N. Palomar  , V.K. Sulc  
Published: May 2020

Approximately 3.4 million hectares of coconut plantation arc spread ail over the coconut producing provinces in the Philippines. Of these, 50% arc found in Mindanao, 21.l % in the Visayas and 28.9% in Luzon including the Southern Tagalog and Bicol regions (PCA Annual Report, 1986).

It has been estimated that 30% of the area planted to coconut arc 60 years old and over. These coconut stands are considered unproductive and should be replanted with improved and high‑yielding coconut varieties.