bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatile Types of Cyclodextrin‐Based Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems
Authors: Xu Chen , Yu Bingran , Qi Yu , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNowadays, nucleic acid therapy has become a promising way for the treatment of various malignant diseases. Cyclodextrin (CD)‐based nucleic acid delivery systems have attracted widespread attention due to the favorable chemical structures and excellent biological properties of CD. Recently, a variety of CD‐based nucleic acid delivery systems has been designed according to the different functions of CD for flexible gene therapies. In this review, the construction strategies and biomedical applications of CD‐based nucleic acid delivery systems are mainly focused on. The review begins with an introduction to the synthesis and properties of simple CD‐grafted polycations. Thereafter, CD‐related supramolecular assemblies based on different guest components are discussed in detail. Finally, different CD‐based organic/inorganic nanohybrids and their relevant functions are demonstrated. It is hoped that this brief review will motivate the delicate design of CD‐based nucleic acid delivery systems for potential clinical applications.
Enabling MedTech Translation in Academia: Redefining Value Proposition with Updated Regulations
Authors: Letourneur Didier , Joyce Kieran , Chauvierre Cédric , Bayon Yves , Pandit Abhay 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcademic institutions are becoming more focused on translating new technologies for clinical applications. A transition from “bench to bedside” is often described to take basic research concepts and methods to develop a therapeutic or diagnostic solution with proven evidence of efficacy at the clinical level while also fulfilling regulatory requirements. The regulatory environment is evolving in Europe with transition and grace periods for the full enforcement of the Medical Device Regulation 2017/745 (MDR), replacing the Medical Device Directive 93/42/EEC (MDD). These new guidelines increase demands for scientific, technical, and clinical data with reduced capacity in regulatory bodies creating uncertainty in future product certification. Academic translational activities will be uniquely affected by this new legislation. The barriers and threats to successful translation in academia can be overcome by strong clinical partnerships, close‐industrial collaborations, and entrepreneurial programs, enabling continued product development to overcome regulatory hurdles, reassuring their foothold of medical device development.
Catalyst‐ and Additive‐Free Decarboxylative C‐4 Phosphorylation of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Brahmachari Goutam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA catalyst‐ and additive‐free practical and green synthetic strategy for decarboxylative C‐4 phosphorylation of coumarin‐3‐carboxylic acids, for the first time, has been accomplished to access a series of substituted 4‐(diarylphosphoryl)chroman‐2‐ones at ambient conditions. The developed protocol is successfully applied to large‐scale synthesis.magnified image
In‐Situ Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Air Degradation of PEDOT:PSS in Terms of Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Yun Dong‐Jin , Jung Jaemin , Sung Young Mo , Ra Hyemin , Kim Jung‐Min , Chung JaeGwan , Kim Se Yun , Kim Yong‐Su , Heo Sung , Kim Ki‐Hong , Jeong Yong Jin , Jang Jaeyoung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite excellent electrical and mechanical properties, practical application of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polymerized with poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) face the challenge of ensuring air stability in electronic industry. Here, degradation mechanism of PEDOT:PSS‐based films in air is clearly demonstrated through X‐ray/ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) and its depth‐profiling technique. As the duration of air‐exposure increases, the PEDOT:PSS‐based films alter molecular structures with the formation of SOx bond in PEDOT and CNx bond growth, changing ratios of insulating part (PSS−, PSSH, oxidized PEDOT) to conducting part and deteriorating their electrical conductivities. These transition behaviors are similar in all PEDOT:PSS‐based films regardless of additives such as dopant or multi‐walled carbon nanotube. Additionally, methanol treatment to various PEDOT:PSS‐based films for inducing conformational change between PEDOT and PSS molecules, partly restore the electrical properties of the denatured PEDOT:PSS films. Finally, thermoelectric properties of the PEDOT:PSS‐based films are characterized by investigating the effects of air‐aging and methanol treatment on electrical conductivities, Seebeck coefficients, and power factors. To sum up, this study provides a useful guideline for establishing a strategy to ensure air stability of PEDOT:PSS‐based films by clarifying the degradation mechanism and property recovery methods.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) is not related to cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors in menopausal women
Authors: Fischer Pedersen Josefine K. , Klimek Magdalena , Galbarczyk Andrzej , Nenko Ilona , Sobocki Jakob , Christensen Dirk L. , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesDigit ratio (2D:4D) is widely used as a biomarker of prenatal hormonal environment linked to the growing number of adult health and disease‐related characteristics. It has been suggested that 2D:4D is a good predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk among men, but results in women are still inconclusive. Here we test the relationship between 2D:4D and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and their risk factors in Polish, rural women.MethodsThe participants were 410 women age 50 and older. Structured questionnaire was used to gather personal and medical data, including the history of CVD diagnosed by a medical doctor. Anthropometric measurements of body height, weight, and finger lengths were performed. Right‐hand and left‐hand 2D:4D, mean 2D:4D, Dl‐r, and BMI were calculated afterward. For a subgroup of participants (n = 329) fasting blood sample was collected (in order to assess the lipid profile and glucose levels) and blood pressure was measured. Age, education level and BMI were included as potential covariates.ResultsNo statistically significant association was observed between 2D:4D markers and the incidence of CVD (eg, heart attack, stroke) or CVD risk factors (dyslipidaemia, dysglycaemia or hypertension), when controlled for age, education and BMI.ConclusionsThe results of our study add to the growing number of studies investigating the sex‐difference of the association between 2D:4D and cardiac health. We conclude that from a public health perspective 2D:4D may not be a valuable biomarker of elevated risk of CVDs in women.
Insights into the regulatory molecules involved in glaucoma pathogenesis
Authors: Moazzeni Hamidreza , Khani Marzieh , Elahi Elahe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlaucoma is an important cause of irreversible blindness, characterized by optic nerve anomalies. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and aging are major risk factors. Retinal ganglion cells and trabecular meshwork cells are certainly involved in the etiology of glaucoma. Glaucoma is usually a complex disease, and various genes and functions may contribute to its etiology. Among these may be genes that encode regulatory molecules. In this review, regulatory molecules including 18 transcription factors (TFs), 195 microRNAs (miRNAs), 106 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and two circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are reasonable candidates for having roles in glaucoma pathogenesis are described. The targets of the regulators are reported. Glaucoma‐related features including apoptosis, stress responses, immune functions, ECM properties, IOP, and eye development are affected by the targeted genes. The targeted genes that are frequently targeted by multiple regulators most often affect apoptosis and the related features of cell death and cell survival. BCL2, CDKN1A, and TP53 are among the frequent targets of three types of glaucoma‐relevant regulators, TFs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. TP53 was itself identified as a glaucoma‐relevant TF. Several of the glaucoma‐relevant TFs are themselves among frequent targets of regulatory molecules, which is consistent with existence of a complex network involved in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Troubles in Tuva: Patterns of perimortem trauma in a nomadic community from Southern Siberia (second to fourth c.CE)
Authors: Milella Marco , Caspari Gino , Kapinus Yulija , Sadykov Timur , Blochin Jegor , Malyutina Anna , Keller Marcel , Schlager Stefan , Szidat Sönke , Alterauge Amelie , Lösch Sandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesWarfare is assumed to be one of the defining cultural characteristics of steppe nomads in Eastern Eurasia. For the first‐centuries CE, a period of political turmoil in Northern China and Southern Siberia, relatively few data are, however, available about the degree and variability of violence in these communities. Here, we provide new data on violence among steppe nomads during the first‐centuries CE by analyzing the type, anatomical distribution, and demographic distribution of perimortem trauma at Tunnug1 (Tuva, Southern Siberia—second to fourth c. CE).Materials and MethodsPerimortem traumas were assessed on 87 individuals representing both sexes and different age classes. The timing of the lesions was assessed based on morphological criteria, including the absence and presence of bone reactive processes and the relative plasticity of the bone at the moment of impact. The distribution by age, sex, and anatomical location of trauma was analyzed by means of logistic models, Fisher's exact tests, and 3D visualizations.ResultsA total of 130 perimortem traumas, including chop marks, slice marks, penetrating lesions, and blunt traumas were identified on 22 individuals. Chop marks were mostly at the level of the skull and vertebrae and were likely caused by bladed weapons. Slice marks were found on the cervical vertebrae and cranium and may be the result of throat slitting and scalping by means of smaller bladed implements. Traumas were more frequent in males, and their presence is not correlated with age.DiscussionThis study adds new data to the few available regarding violence among steppe nomadic cultures and provides new insights about the effects of political instability on the life of the people inhabiting Eastern Eurasia during the early centuries CE.
Self‐Assembly of Photoresponsive Molecular Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Chen Shaoyu , Costil Romain , Leung Franco King‐Chi , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmphiphilic molecules, comprising hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties and the intrinsic propensity to self‐assemble in aqueous environment, sustain a fascinating spectrum of structures and functions ranging from biological membranes to ordinary soap. Facing the challenge to design responsive, adaptive, and out‐of‐equilibrium systems in water, the incorporation of photoresponsive motifs in amphiphilic molecular structures offers ample opportunity to design supramolecular systems that enables functional responses in water in a non‐invasive way using light. Here, we discuss the design of photoresponsive molecular amphiphiles, their self‐assembled structures in aqueous media and at air–water interfaces, and various approaches to arrive at adaptive and dynamic functions in isotropic and anisotropic systems, including motion at the air–water interface, foam formation, reversible nanoscale assembly, and artificial muscle function. Controlling the delicate interplay of structural design, self‐assembling conditions and external stimuli, these responsive amphiphiles open several avenues towards application such as soft adaptive materials, controlled delivery or soft actuators, bridging a gap between artificial and natural dynamic systems.
Superaufgelöste Erkennung räumlicher Nähe mit Proximity‐PAINT
Authors: Schueder Florian , Lara‐Gutiérrez Juanita , Haas Daniel , Beckwith Kai Sandvold , Yin Peng , Ellenberg Jan , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Visualisierung funktionaler Interaktionen von Biomolekülen wie Proteinen und Nukleinsäuren ist der Schlüssel zum Verständnis zellulären Lebens auf molekularer Ebene. Räumliche Nähe wird oft stellvertretend für die direkte Interaktion von Biomolekülen angesehen. Aktuelle Techniken zur Visualisierung räumlicher Nähe sind jedoch entweder durch die erreichbare Auflösung, den dynamischen Bereich oder einen Mangel an Einzelmolekülsensitivität begrenzt. Wir haben Proximity‐PAINT (pPAINT) entwickelt, eine Variante des superauflösenden Mikroskopieverfahrens DNA‐PAINT. pPAINT verwendet eine geteilte DNA‐PAINT‐Bindestelle, um räumliche Nähe mit hoher Empfindlichkeit, wenig Fehlern und präzise einstellbaren Detektionsabständen zu erkennen. Wir testen und optimieren pPAINT mit Hilfe von DNA‐Nanostrukturen und demonstrieren die zelluläre Anwendbarkeit, indem wir die räumliche Nähe von Alpha‐ und Beta‐Tubulin in Mikrotubuli in Zellen superaufgelöst visualisieren.
The Metaphosphite (PO2−) Anion as a Ligand
Authors: Abbenseth Josh , Wätjen Florian , Finger Markus , Schneider Sven 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe utilization of monomeric, lower phosphorous oxides and oxoanions, such as metaphosphite (PO2−), which is the heavier homologue of the common nitrite anion but previously only observed in the gas phase and by matrix isolation, requires new synthetic strategies. Herein, a series of rhenium(I–III) complexes with PO2− as ligand is reported. Synthetic access was enabled by selective oxygenation of a terminal phosphide complex. Spectroscopic and computational examination revealed slightly stronger σ‐donor and comparable π‐acceptor properties of PO2− compared to homologous NO2−, which is one of the archetypal ligands in coordination chemistry.
Hydromagnesiation of 1,3‐Enynes by Magnesium Hydride for Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetra‐substituted Allenes
Authors: Wang Bin , Li Yihang , Pang Jia Hao , Watanabe Kohei , Takita Ryo , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA protocol for regio‐controlled hydromagnesiation of 1,3‐enynes was developed using magnesium hydride that is generated in situ by solvothermal treatment of sodium hydride (NaH) and magnesium iodide (MgI2) in THF. The resulting allenylmagnesium species could be converted into tri‐ and tetra‐substituted allenes by subsequent treatment with various carbon‐ and silicon‐based electrophiles with the aid of CuCN as a catalyst.
Development of rapid gold nanoparticles based lateral flow assays for simultaneous detection of Shigella and Salmonella genera
Authors: Yahaya Mohammad Lukman , Zakaria Nor Dyana , Noordin Rahmah , Abdul Razak Khairunisak 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSalmonella and Shigella genera are common pathogens that contaminate foods and beverages. Lateral flow assays (LFA) are commonly used to detect these pathogens. However, most of the developed LFAs are for single detection. Simultaneous detection of pathogens is required to reduce cost and time. In this work, 40 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using the seeding growth method as labeling agent. The AuNPs were characterized and conjugated with mouse anti‐Gram negative endotoxin antibody. The nitrocellulose membrane HF135 was immobilized with anti‐mouse IgG antibody as a control line and two separate test lines with either anti‐Shigella or anti‐Salmonella antibody, respectively. Color intensity of test lines was observed for positive samples. A milk sample was used as proof of concept to mimic actual contamination. The limit of detection of the LFA was 3.0 × 106 CFU/mL for multiplex detection of Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi and for both single detections. The result was comparable with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis. The produced LFA could differentiate between Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Typhi. The developed LFA was able to identify Shigella flexneri and Salmonella Typhi with good sensitivity in milk samples, thus, beneficial to ensure the safety of food before entering the market.
Hard Carbon Composite Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Nano‐Zeolite and Carbon Black Additives
Authors: Ledwoch Daniela , Robinson James B. , Gastol Dominika , Smith Katherine , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Daniel J. L. , Kendrick Emma 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo enable fast charging of sodium‐ion batteries and eliminate metallic dendrite growth on the electrodes an improvement in electrode design is required. In this work, we show the benefit of a mixed composite electrode containing ionic and electronic conducting additives for a sodium‐ion battery negative electrode. Hard carbon electrodes with 5 % additive containing different proportions of zeolite and carbon black are coated. The performance of the electrodes is elucidated through electrochemical and physical characterization methods; fast sodiation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques (GITT) and electron microscopy. The addition of zeolite improves the sodium‐ion transport diffusivity within the composite electrode by an order of magnitude at low voltages and high states of charge. EIS shows significantly lower series and solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) resistances in the zeolite containing electrode after cycling. The capacity retention at higher rates is improved and a significant reduction of sodium dendrite growth was observed after cycling. SEM images confirm that porosity is still present in the zeolite containing electrode samples, enabling a pore network for sodium ion transport. These results emphasize the importance and limitations of ionic transport within hard carbon electrodes, and the required optimisation between electronic and ionic conductivity for sodium ion transport in these electrodes.
The Sound of Batteries: An Operando Acoustic Emission Study of the LiNiO2 Cathode in Li–Ion Cells
Authors: Schweidler Simon , Bianchini Matteo , Hartmann Pascal , Brezesinski Torsten , Janek Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Jürgen Janek at KIT. The cover picture shows that acoustic emission is a promising technique that allows degradation of battery materials such as particle fracture to be probed in a non‐destructive manner. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/batt.202000099.
A detailed model and Monte Carlo simulation for predicting DIP genome length distribution in baculovirus infection of insect cells
Authors: Das Ashok , Dutta Soumajit , Sen Moumita , Saxena Abha , Kumar Jitendra , Giri Lopamudra , Murhammer David W. , Chakraborty Jayanta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBaculoviruses have enormous potential for use as biopesticides to control insect pest populations without the adverse environmental effects posed by the widespread use of chemical pesticides. However, continuous baculovirus production is susceptible to DNA mutation and the subsequent production of defective interfering particles (DIPs). The amount of DIPs produced and their genome length distribution are of great interest not only for baculoviruses but for many other DNA and RNA viruses. In this study, we elucidate this aspect of virus replication using baculovirus as an example system and both experimental and modeling studies. The existing mathematical models for the virus replication process consider DIPs as a lumped quantity and do not consider the genome length distribution of the DIPs. In this study, a detailed population balance model for the cell‐virus culture is presented, which predicts the genome length distribution of the DIP population along with their relative proportion. The model is simulated using the kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm, and the results agree well with the experimental results. Using this model, a practical strategy to maintain the DIP fraction to near to its maximum and minimum limits has been demonstrated.
Altered long‐ and short‐range functional connectivity density associated with poor sleep quality in patients with chronic insomnia disorder: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Zhou Fuqing , Zhu Yanyan , Zhu Yujun , Huang Muhua , Jiang Jian , He Laichang , Huang Suhua , Zeng Xianjun , Gong Honghan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevious neuroimaging studies have suggested that brain functional impairment and hyperarousal occur during the daytime among patients with chronic insomnia disorder (CID); however, alterations to the brain's intrinsic functional architecture and their association with sleep quality have not yet been documented.MethodsIn this study, our aim was to investigate the insomnia‐related alterations to the intrinsic connectome in patients with CID (n = 27) at resting state, with a data‐driven approach based on graph theory assessment and functional connectivity density (FCD), which can be interpreted as short‐range (intraregional) or long‐range (interregional) mapping.ResultsCompared with healthy controls with good sleep, CID patients showed significantly decreased long‐range FCD in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and the putamen. These patients also showed decreased short‐range FCD in their multimodal‐processing regions, executive control network, and supplementary motor‐related areas. Furthermore, several regions showed increased short‐range FCD in patients with CID, implying hyper‐homogeneity of local activity.ConclusionsTogether, these findings suggest that insufficient sleep during chronic insomnia widely affects cortical functional activities, including disrupted FCD and increased short‐range FCD, which is associated with poor sleep quality.
Gemcitabine and doxorubicin in immunostimulatory monophosphoryl lipid A liposomes for treating breast cancer
Authors: Wu Debra , Zhao Zongmin , Kim Jayoung , Razmi Amaya , Wang Lily Li‐Wen , Kapate Neha , Gao Yongsheng , Peng Kevin , Ukidve Anvay , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer therapy is increasingly shifting toward targeting the tumor immune microenvironment and influencing populations of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Breast cancer presents a unique challenge as tumors of the triple‐negative breast cancer subtype employ a multitude of immunosilencing mechanisms that promote immune evasion and rapid growth. Treatment of breast cancer with chemotherapeutics has been shown to induce underlying immunostimulatory responses that can be further amplified with the addition of immune‐modulating agents. Here, we investigate the effects of combining doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM), two commonly used chemotherapeutics, with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a clinically used TLR4 adjuvant derived from liposaccharides. MPLA was incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes loaded with a 1:1 molar ratio of DOX and GEM to create an intravenously administered treatment. In vivo studies indicated excellent efficacy of both GEM‐DOX liposomes and GEM‐DOX‐MPLA liposomes against 4T1 tumors. In vitro and in vivo results showed increased dendritic cell expression of CD86 in the presence of liposomes containing chemotherapeutics and MPLA. Despite this, a tumor rechallenge study indicated little effect on tumor growth upon rechallenge, indicating the lack of a long‐term immune response. GEM/DOX/MPLA‐L displayed remarkable control of the primary tumor growth and can be further explored for the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer with other forms of immunotherapy.