bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present
Authors: Harrigan Shaun , Zsoter Ervin , Alfieri Lorenzo , Prudhomme Christel , Salamon Peter , Wetterhall Fredrik , Barnard Christopher , Cloke Hannah , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Estimating how much water is flowing through rivers at
the global scale is challenging due to a lack of observations in space and
time. A way forward is to optimally combine the global network of earth
system observations with advanced numerical weather prediction (NWP) models
to generate consistent spatio-temporal maps of land, ocean, and atmospheric
variables of interest, which is known as a reanalysis. While the current generation
of NWP models output runoff at each grid cell, they currently do not produce river
discharge at catchment scales directly and thus have limited utility in
hydrological applications such as flood and drought monitoring and
forecasting. This is overcome in the Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS;
http://www.globalfloods.eu/, last access: 28 June 2020) by coupling surface and
sub-surface runoff from the Hydrology Tiled
ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land (HTESSEL) land surface model used within ECMWF's
latest global atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) with the LISFLOOD hydrological
and channel routing model. The aim of this paper is to describe and evaluate
the GloFAS-ERA5 global river discharge reanalysis dataset launched on 5 November 2019 (version 2.1 release). The river discharge reanalysis is a
global gridded dataset with a horizontal resolution of 0.1∘ at a
daily time step. An innovative feature is that it is produced in an
operational environment so is available to users from 1 January 1979 until
near real time (2 to 5 d behind real time). The reanalysis was evaluated
against a global network of 1801 daily river discharge observation stations.
Results found that the GloFAS-ERA5 reanalysis was skilful against a mean
flow benchmark in 86 % of catchments according to the modified
Kling–Gupta efficiency skill score, although the strength of skill varied
considerably with location. The global median Pearson correlation
coefficient was 0.61 with an interquartile range of 0.44 to 0.74. The
long-term and operational nature of the GloFAS-ERA5 reanalysis dataset
provides a valuable dataset to the user community for applications ranging
from monitoring global flood and drought conditions to the identification of
hydroclimatic variability and change and as raw input for post-processing
and machine learning methods that can add further value. The dataset is
openly available from the Copernicus Climate Change Service Climate Data
Store: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/cdsapp#!/dataset/cems-glofas-historical?tab=overview (last access: 28 June 2020) with the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.a4fdd6b9 (C3S, 2019).
Discourse Structure: Swings and Roundabouts
Authors: Webber Bonnie , Prasad Rashmi 
Published: September 2020

The goal of understanding how discourse is more than a sequence of
sentences has engaged researchers for many years. Researchers in the
1970's attempted to gain such understanding by identifying and
classifying the phenomena involved in discourse. This was followed by
attempts in the 1980s and early 1990s to explain discourse phenomena
in terms of theories of abstract structure. Recent efforts to develop
large-scale annotated discourse corpora, along with more lexically
grounded theories of discourse are now beginning to reveal interesting
patterns and show where and how early theories might be revised to
better account for discourse data.
Speaking about the past from different perspectives: the acquisition of Italian L2 by Norwegian and Russian learners
Authors: Khachaturyan Elizaveta 
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the influence of L1 language-specific patterns on the acquisition of L2 structures. The lack of certain grammatical categories is often compensated for at another level of linguistic structure. This study analyses how Italian past tenses (connected with the category of aspect) are acquired by Russian and Norwegian learners. In Norwegian, in contrast to Russian and Italian, there is no grammatical aspect.
The data analyzed contain a written narration of a short story presented through four pictures and were collected from several groups of informants: Russian and Norwegian native speakers, learners of Italian (levels B1 and C1), and Italian native speakers (the control group).
The results obtained show that Norwegian learners, independently of their level, use more temporal connectors in their narratives. However, verbal semantics or temporal connectors (usually considered to be triggers of Italian past tenses) do not help them use the correct form. Russian learners performed better on the test. Their errors show that the textual function of the verb is more important for them than its semantics. However, they overuse coordinative connectors (e ‘and’ and ma ‘but’) at the beginning of sentences. These results lead to further discussion of textual features in the three languages and the role of the tense-aspect category in text structure.
Adverbial <i>doch</i> the Notion of Contrast
Authors: Karagjosova Elena 
Published: September 2020

The paper provides a first analysis of one use of the German discourse
marker doch, namely doch as conjunct adverb (CA). As CA, doch has
two properties, concessivity and anaphoricity, that distinguish it
from the conjunction doch, which is the other clause connecting use
of the word. As conjunction, doch is not anaphoric and it may mark a
greater variety of (contrastive) discourse relations besides
concession. I argue that CA doch acquires anaphoricity and
concessivity due to a combination of factors related to the fact that
it is accented. More specifically, I claim that (i) accent on CA doch
leads to an asymmetric focus-background structure of the
doch-conjunct which in turn leads to the concessive interpretation of
the discourse relation marked by doch; (ii) accent on CA doch evokes
as a focus alternative the negation of the conjunct to which doch is
attached and (iii) focus on CA doch is contrastive, which means that
the alternative CA doch evokes is anaphorically linked to an
antecedent in the preceding discourse. I also sketch a formal account
of the concessivity and anaphoricity of CA doch.
Pengembangan teknologi pengendalian hama utama kacang hijau menggunakan biopestisida
Authors: Prayogo Yusmani , Santi Yudha Ika Bayu Marida 
Published: September 2020

Hama merupakan salah satu kendala utama dalam upaya peningkatan produksi kacang hijau di Indonesia. Saat ini, pengendalian konvensional menggunakan pestisida sintetik kurang berhasil karena populasi dan kerusakan akibat hama masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan biopestisida sebagai teknologi pengendalian hama utama kacang hijau yang dibandingkan dengan efikasi pestisida sintetik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, lima perlakuan diulang lima kali. Perlakuan yang diuji, yaitu P1: aplikasi serbuk biji mimba (SBM), virus ulat grayak (Virgra) dari Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus, dan konidia cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria bassiana (BeBas) secara preventif; P2: aplikasi SBM, Virgra, dan BeBas berdasarkan ambang ekonomi (AE); P3: aplikasi pestisida sintetik sesuai jadwal; P4: aplikasi pestisida sintetik berdasarkan AE; dan P5: tanpa pengendalian (kontrol). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hama yang berkembang adalah ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)), kutukebul (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)), Empoasca sp., Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall), kepik coklat (Riptortus linearis (Fabricius)), kepik hijau (Nezara viridula (Linnaeus)), dan hama penggerek polong (Maruca testulalis (Geyer)). Aplikasi biopestisida SBM, Virgra, dan BeBas secara preventif dan aplikasi pestisida sintetik sesuai jadwal efektif menekan populasi hama utama kacang hijau, sedangkan aplikasi biopestisida dan pestisida sintetik berdasarkan AE tidak mampu menekan perkembangan populasi hama utama. Aplikasi biopestisida secara preventif maupun berdasarkan AE lebih aman terhadap kelangsungan hidup musuh alami, sedangkan aplikasi pestisida sintetik dapat membunuh musuh alami yang ada. Biopestisida SBM, Virgra, dan BeBas yang diaplikasikan secara preventif dan terintegrasi berpotensi sebagai inovasi teknologi pengendalian hama utama kacang hijau untuk menggantikan pestisida sintetik.
Ketahanan padi (Oryza sativa L.) varietas IPB 3S terhadap wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Nurdaaniyah Andi , Dadang Dadang , Winasa I Wayan 
Published: September 2020

Wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) merupakan hama utama yang menyebabkan kerusakan dalam waktu singkat pada tanaman padi. Penanaman varietas padi tahan dapat digunakan untuk menekan serangan WBC. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memelajari ketahanan varietas IPB 3S melalui pengujian keperidian, nisbah kelamin, aktivitas makan, dan peningkatan populasi menggunakan pembanding varietas Ciherang terhadap wereng batang cokelat (N. lugens). Pengujian keperidian menggunakan sepasang imago WBC diinfestasikan pada padi berumur 21 hari setelah tanam (HST). Telur yang diletakkan maupun tidak diletakkan pada pelepah padi dihitung. Perbandingan nisbah kelamin dilakukan menggunakan sepasang imago WBC yang diinfestasikan pada padi berumur 30 HST dan dibiarkan bertelur kemudian membandingkan jumlah imago jantan dan betina. Untuk aktivitas makan WBC, pengujian dilakukan menggunakan sepuluh nimfa instar empat yang diinfestasikan pada padi berumur 30 HST. Ekskresi WBC berupa embun madu yang tertampung pada kertas saring yang sebelumnya telah disemprot ninhidrin selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan spektrofotometer. Peningkatan populasi dilakukan dengan menginfestasikan lima pasang imago WBC pada tanaman padi berumur 35 HST. Pengamatan dilakukan pada fase nimfa dan imago yang dilakukan selama empat generasi. Setiap pengujian diulang 10 kali. Secara umum, varietas IPB 3S memiliki ketahanan terhadap WBC jika dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang. Hal ini terutama terlihat dari kemampuan makan WBC yang lebih tinggi pada varietas Ciherang dibandingkan pada IPB 3S. Keperidian dan peningkatan populasi WBC pada kedua varietas adalah sama.
Adaptations to cursoriality and digit reduction in the forelimb of the African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)
Authors: Smith Heather F. , Adrian Brent , Koshy Rahul , Alwiel Ryan , Grossman Aryeh 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), an endangered canid native to southern and eastern Africa, is distinct among canids in being described as entirely tetradactyl and in its nomadic lifestyle and use of exhaustive predation to capture its prey instead of speed, strength, or stealth. These behavioral and morphological traits suggest a potentially unique set of adaptations.MethodsHere, we dissected the forelimbs of an adult maleL. pictusspecimen and performed detailed descriptions and quantitative analyses of the musculoskeletal anatomy.ResultsStatistical comparisons of muscle masses and volumes revealed thatL. pictushas relatively smaller wrist rotators (mm. pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator) than any other included carnivoran taxon, suggesting adaptive pressures for antebrachial stability over rotatory movement in the carpus ofL. pictus. While a complete digit I is absent inL. pictus, a vestigial first metacarpal was discovered, resulting in changes to insertions of mm. extensor digiti I et II, abductor (et opponens) digiti I and flexor digiti I brevis. Mm. anconeus, brachialis and flexor carpi ulnaris caput ulnare all have more extensive origins inL. pictusthan other canids suggesting an emphasis on posture and elbow stability. M. triceps brachii caput laterale has a larger origin inL. pictusand m. triceps brachii caput longum has an additional accessory head. Electromyographic studies have shown this muscle is active during the stance phase of trotting and galloping and is important for storing elastic energy during locomotion. We interpret these differences in size and attachments of muscles inL. pictusas adaptations for long distance running in this highly cursorial species, likely important for exhaustive predation. Absence of a full digit I inL. pictusmay increase speed and stride length; however, the retention of a vestigial digit permits the attachment of reduced pollical muscles which may provide additional stability and proprioception to the carpus.
Gender Based Violence among Married Persons in Awka Town from a Glocalizing Context: A Comparative Study of Mental Health and Loneliness
Authors: Anthony Nwankwo, Emeka , Emmanuel Mabia, Chidozie , Ikemefuna Eweni, Henry , Michael Obasi, Ifeanyi , Uche Ezeakabekwe, Samuel 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The study considered if mental health and loneliness would have comparativeness on gender based violence in glocalizing context in Awka town.
Methods: 149 married persons serve as participants. Systematic sampling technique was used for participants’ selection. They comprised of 71 male and 78 female. Their age ranged from 23-53 years with mean age of 39.66 and standard deviation of 8.76. Conflict Tactics Scales, Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were employed for data generation. 2×2 Factorial Design and Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistic were used to analyze the data.
Results: The first hypothesis which stated that those with positive mental health will not differ significantly from those with negative mental health on gender based violence among married persons and second hypothesis which stated that those with positive loneliness will not differ significantly from those with negative loneliness on gender based violence among married persons were both confirmed at p>.05. The third hypothesis which stated that mental health and loneliness will not have significant interaction on gender based violence among married persons was also confirmed at p>.05. Hence, the study established suggestions.
Influence of Climate on Oak Savanna Tree Species in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Hayford Isaac , Chhin Sophan 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The previously abundant high quality and open canopy oak savanna communities in the Midwest have been reduced by more than 98% of their pre-settlement (pre-1840) area because of changing land use and represent some of the most threatened ecosystems in North America. Prior knowledge of oak savanna communities’ climatic resilience to potential impact of climate change and competition is critical to restoration success. This study examined sensitivity to climatic stress, and effects of competition, which are important considerations during oak savanna restoration.
Methodology: Dendrochronological methods were used to sample oak savanna communities located in MacCready Reserve (MR) situated in southern Michigan, U.S.A. The influence of climate (mainly temperature and precipitation) on white oak (Quercus alba L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh) were correlated using dendroclimatic techniques. The effect of competitor species (A. rubrum and P. serotina) on Q. alba were examined using competitor ratio chronologies and examining correlations with climatic variables.
Results: Findings indicate that precipitation in winter, spring, and summer is beneficial for radial growth of white oak. White oak is more resilient to drought stress than red maple and black cherry due to its ecophysiological adaptations but tends to grow rather slower when in competition with shade tolerant and fire sensitive competitor species.
Conclusion: Overall, this study has shown that temperature and precipitation play key roles in tree productivity and thus climatic sensitivity should be incorporated in the restoration of oak savanna ecosystems.
Regional Boundary Exact Controllability of the Wave Equation by Strategic Actuators on a Polygonal Domain with Cracks
Authors: Seck Cheikh , Sène Ousmane , Niane Teuw 
Published: September 2020

In this work we prove the exact controllability of the wave equation by acting on a strategic zone of the border of a non-convex polygonal domain with crack. Indeed, by combining two methods: that of Grisvard on the exact controllability on domains with corners and that of EL. Jai on the boundary strategic actutors, this exact controllability result has been proven.
Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Potentials of Lasimorpha senegalensis Schott Leaf Extract on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Damage in Rats
Authors: Chigor Chinyere Blessing , Nwafor Felix Ifeanyi , Ugwuja Edith , Obi Chisimdi S. 
Published: September 2020

Aims: The present study assessed the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of the methanolic leaf extract of Lasimorpha senegalensis – a medicinal plant used by the indigenous people of Nigeria to treat hepatitis and feverish conditions.
Place and Duration of Study: The research work was conducted in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine and Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, both in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, from May to August, 2019.
Methodology: Phytochemical analyses and acute toxicity study of the sample followed standard procedures. In vitro antioxidant assay was by DPPH and H2O2 models. A total of 25 male Wistar albino rats (120 – 150 g) were grouped into five, each group with five animals. Hepatotoxicity was induced with carbontetrachloride (1 ml/kg). The treatment groups (3-5) received extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) and Silymarin (100 mg/kg). Endogenous antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), plasma malondialdehyde and liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphate) were determined after treatment.
Results: The results showed the leaf extract had appreciable amounts of bioactive phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 0.52 mg/ml and 0.71 mg/ml for DPPH and H2O2 respectively) with no toxicity at 5000 mg/kg. The extract also elevated the endogenous antioxidants and significantly (p ≤ .05) reduced lipid peroxidase and liver enzymes.
Conclusion: This report justifies the local use of this plant in the management of various diseases related to oxidative stress and liver damage.
Remarks on input-to-state stability of collocated systems with saturated feedback
Authors: Jacob Birgit , Schwenninger Felix L. , Vorberg Lukas A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate input-to-state stability (ISS) of infinite-dimensional collocated control systems subject to saturated feedback. Here, the unsaturated closed loop is dissipative and uniformly globally asymptotically stable. Under an additional assumption on the linear system, we show ISS for the saturated one. We discuss the sharpness of the conditions in light of existing results in the literature.
Wave equations associated with Liouville-type problems: global existence in time and blow-up criteria
Authors: Ao Weiwei , Jevnikar Aleks , Yang Wen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe are concerned with wave equations associated with some Liouville-type problems on compact surfaces, focusing on sinh-Gordon equation and general Toda systems. Our aim is on one side to develop the analysis for wave equations associated with the latter problems and second, to substantially refine the analysis initiated in Chanillo and Yung (Adv Math 235:187–207, 2013) concerning the mean field equation. In particular, by exploiting the variational analysis recently derived for Liouville-type problems we prove global existence in time for the subcritical case and we give general blow-up criteria for the supercritical and critical case. The strategy is mainly based on fixed point arguments and improved versions of the Moser–Trudinger inequality.
Radiological imaging features of the salivary glands in xerostomia induced by an immune checkpoint inhibitor
Authors: Katsura Kouji , Funayama Saori , Ito Kayoko , Nohno Kaname , Kaneko Noboru , Takamura Masaki , Soga Marie , Kobayashi Taichi , Hayashi Takafumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe clinical features of xerostomia induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are similar to those of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), whereas the immunohistological and serological features are known to differ from those of SS. However, the radiologic imaging features of salivary glands are not yet well known. We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient diagnosed with ICI-induced xerostomia. The patient underwent various imaging examinations to investigate the condition of the salivary glands, which indicated the following: (1) less specific findings on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, (2) mixed with intermediate and low signal intensity on both T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and poor “salt and pepper” appearance on magnetic resonance sialography, and (3) multiple ovoid hypoechoic areas with hyperechoic bands without acute sialadenitis on ultrasound. These radiologic imaging findings suggested remarkable lymphocyte infiltration, which could be a characteristic of ICI-induced xerostomia.
Morphological characters and SNP markers suggest hybridization and introgression in sympatric populations of the pleurocarpous mosses Homalothecium lutescens and H. sericeum
Authors: Sawangproh Weerachon , Lang Annick S. , Hedenäs Lars , Cronberg Nils 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHybridization in bryophytes involves a fusion of gametes produced by haploid parental gametophytes of different species. The primary hybrid is thus the short-lived diploid sporophyte, which soon undergoes meiosis prior to the formation of large amounts of haploid spores. We compared morphology of gametophytes (branch leaves) and sporophytes (capsule inclination) from sympatric populations and allopatric populations of H. lutescens and H. sericeum. In addition, we used transcriptome data to select 85 nuclear SNP markers that were fixed for alternative alleles in the two species. The SNPs were used to estimate the degree of hybridization in diploid sporophytes. Our study shows that gametophytes from sympatric populations display intermediate morphology in a number of leaf characters, with exception for leaf sizes, which are markedly smaller than those in allopatric populations. None of the 100 sporophytes appeared to be primary hybrids, but 33 displayed admixing—heterozygotic expression of SNP markers or mismatch of occasional markers in homozygous condition—suggesting that extensive introgression takes place in the sympatric populations. Most sporophytes with intermediate capsule inclination, initially classed as putative hybrids, did not display admixture of nuclear SNP markers. Sixty-seven percent of admixed sporophytes have predominantly nuclear SNPs typical for H. lutescens. Our results suggest that interspecific hybridization and bidirectional introgression are relatively common in the studied sympatric populations, giving rise to viable recombinants, but not complete mixing of the parental genomes. Our study is one of the first detailed accounts of hybridization among pleurocarpous mosses, opening for future studies of gene transfer and introgression between bryophyte lineages and its role in local adaptation and long-term evolutionary diversification.