bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid‐19 and kidney injury: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Ahmadian Elham , Hosseiniyan Khatibi Seyed Mahdi , Razi Soofiyani Saiedeh , Abediazar Sima , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Ardalan Mohammadreza , Zununi Vahed Sepideh 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) has turned into a life‐threatening pandemic disease (Covid‐19). About 5% of patients with Covid‐19 have severe symptoms including septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the failure of several organs, while most of them have mild symptoms. Frequently, the kidneys are involved through direct or indirect mechanisms. Kidney involvement mainly manifests itself as proteinuria and acute kidney injury (AKI). The SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced kidney damage is expected to be multifactorial; directly it can infect the kidney podocytes and proximal tubular cells and based on an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) pathway it can lead to acute tubular necrosis, protein leakage in Bowman's capsule, collapsing glomerulopathy and mitochondrial impairment. The SARS‐CoV‐2‐driven dysregulation of the immune responses including cytokine storm, macrophage activation syndrome, and lymphopenia can be other causes of the AKI. Organ interactions, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, rhabdomyolysis, and sepsis are other potential mechanisms of AKI. Moreover, lower oxygen delivery to kidney may cause an ischaemic injury. Understanding the fundamental molecular pathways and pathophysiology of kidney injury and AKI in Covid‐19 is necessary to develop management strategies and design effective therapies.
Distributed fault estimation for linear systems with actuator faults
Authors: Han Weixin , Trentelman Harry L. , Wang Zhenhua , Shen Yi 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of designing a distributed fault estimation observer (DFEO) for a given linear time invariant observed system with disturbances. The DFEO consists of a network of local fault estimation observers. The local observers at the network nodes are physically distributed and hence each of them has access to only part of the output of the observed system. Each local fault estimation observer communicates with its neighbors as prescribed by the given network graph. Both full order and reduced order DFEO's are presented in this article. A systematic design procedure for DFEO gains is addressed, enabling the estimation error dynamics to be robust against the effects of the external process disturbance and the derivative of the fault. The numerical design of our DFEO is amounts to solving an optimization problem with constraints of a bank of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, we illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed distributed fault estimation approach by means of a number of simulation results.
Robust trajectory tracking control of a marine surface vessel using asymmetric error constraints and output feedback
Authors: Chen Guangjun , Tian Xuehong , Liu Haitao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the problem of robust trajectory tracking for a marine surface vessel in the presence of asymmetrical error time‐varying constraints and output feedback. To deal with system uncertainties, adaptive neural networks (NNs) are used to approximate unknown dynamics model parameters and external disturbances. To obtain unmeasured velocities, a predictive observer based on output feedback is developed to estimate unknown velocities. A tan‐type asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is used to deal with asymmetric error time‐varying constraints. The high‐frequency robust adaptive law is used to compensate for parameter estimation errors. The kinematic controller is designed based on the barrier Lyapunov function method, and the kinetics controller is designed base on an observer, an adaptive NN and a robust high‐frequency control. All signals of the closed‐loop systems are proved to be semiglobally uniformly and ultimately bounded via Lyapunov analysis, and the asymmetrical error constraints are not violated. Simulations are performed, and synthetic comparison is used to verify the feasibility and robustness of the proposed control law.
DBU: A Reaction Product Component
Authors: Muzart Jacques 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) is traditionally considered to be a non‐nucleophilic base. Nevertheless, DBU possesses nucleophilic properties which mediate organic reactions and may lead to the formation of compounds containing the DBU scaffold. Participation of water to the processes affords there‐component products. The review covers the reactions leading to DBU derivatives showing that the interest of this sterically hindered amidine is not limited to its basic role. Proposed mechanisms are described with, in some cases, personal comments.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Pyrano‐Pyrido‐Carbazole Scaffolds Using Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as a Heterogeneous Green and Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Parmar Sarita , Sharma Vikash , Jain Shubha , Verma Divya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe reported a novel series of pyrano‐pyrido‐carbazol derivatives (PPCDs) 6(a‐o), synthesized via the reaction of 4‐hydroxypyridocarbazolone (3), aryl/heteroaryl aldehyde (4), and malononitrile (5), in water using Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) as a heterogeneous novel catalyst at room temperature just in 60 mins under ultrasound. For this propose, Fe3O4 MNPs with particle size 23.4±0.9 nm was successfully synthesized via a one‐step novel coprecipitation method in aqueous medium by the use of a new alkaline agent i. e. 2 ‐(ethylamino) ethanol and systematically characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray (EDAX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR). Fe3O4 MNPs show remarkably dramatic dispersion stability as evident from zetapotential (ζ) value of −38.9 mV and hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of 238 nm and excellent specific surface area of 185 m2 /g. Additionally, Fe3O4 MNPs was easily separated after completion of the reaction, from the reaction mixture using the external magnet, and can be reused seven times without any considerable loss of its activity. The use of ultrasound made homogeneous dispersion of MNPs in water which accelerated the rate of reaction for the synthesis of PPCDs. This protocol has notable advantages like the synthesis of novel PPCDs with high yield in short reaction time, inexpensive catalyst, eco‐safe, and also favour green chemistry protocol.
An evaluation framework for privacy‐preserving solutions applicable for blockchain‐based internet‐of‐things platforms
Authors: Firoozjaei Mahdi Daghmehchi , Lu Rongxing , Ghorbani Ali A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBlockchain‐based applications provide many promising opportunities to overcome the challenges associated with the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems (eg, centralized architecture, data integrity, and reliability). In particular, blockchain technology offers many desirable features for IoT infrastructures, such as decentralization, trustworthiness, trackability, and immutability. However, while logging all transactions in a distributed blockchain ledger provides transparency, it also makes it possible to compromise user's privacy, thus posing a grand challenge to IoT architects and implementers. Over the past years, a set of solutions have been proposed for various scenarios, to address these privacy issues. In this paper, we survey these solutions, classify, and analyze their advantages and disadvantages. We also introduce an evaluation framework to evaluate the quality of the privacy‐preserving based on an adjustable weighting scheme. Finally, we rate the analyzed solutions based on their privacy ranks, and hope our evaluation can shed light on the future design of privacy‐preserving solutions applicable for blockchain‐based IoT platforms.
Lateral stiffness and preliminary design methodology of twisted diagrid tube structures
Authors: Song Sirui , Zhang Chonghou 
Published: October 2020

SummaryTwisted forms have been widely employed in high‐rise buildings in recent years. The diagrid structural system is particularly suitable for twisted buildings because of its large lateral stiffness and unique architectural esthetics, but little research on twisted diagrid tube structures is currently available. This paper studies the influence of diagonal angle, twist rate, aspect ratio, corner column, and plan form on the lateral stiffness of twisted diagrids, and the optimal diagonal angle range is determined. Considering the stiffness and strength criteria, the design methodology of diagonal sizes of twisted diagrids is proposed, and the methodology is validated by finite element analysis. In addition, this paper presents a novel configuration of twisted diagrid, that is, the twisted diagrid with asymmetric diagonal angles. The influence of the left‐ and right‐inclined diagonal angle on the lateral stiffness of twisted diagrids is investigated. It is found that twisted diagrid structure with asymmetric diagonal angles exhibits larger lateral stiffness than the symmetric case. The results in this paper are useful for engineers to determine the configuration and diagonal sizes of the twisted diagrid tube structures.
Seismic analysis of a reinforced concrete building isolated by high damping rubber bearings using deformation history integral type model
Authors: Hu Xiaorong , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe base‐isolation system is a very effective technology for earthquake resistance. Nevertheless, it is adverse to the horizontal displacement control of isolation layer and less efficient in reducing the seismic response of the superstructure on a soft soil. The high damping rubber bearings can provide large hysteretic damping and show hardening effect at high shear strains. To explore the applicability of high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) and the effect of their characteristics on the seismic responses of the structures on soft soils, a six‐story reinforced concrete (RC) building isolated by HDRBs on a soft soil is modeled in SAP2000. By applying deformation history integral type model (DHI model) which can accurately simulate the characteristics of HDRBs and traditional Bouc–Wen model which ignores the hardening effect and high energy dissipation capacity of HDRBs at large shear strains to the bearings separately, seismic responses considering and neglecting the hardening effect and high energy dissipation capacity of HDRBs at large shear strains are investigated. The comparison of the two models shows that the characteristics of HDRBs can effectively reduce the displacement of the isolation layer under extremely strong earthquakes and are conducive to the safety of superstructure under limited earthquake intensities.
Electrochemical Phosphorylation of Organic Molecules
Authors: Sbei Najoua , Martins Guilherme M. , Shirinfar Bahareh , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganophosphorus chemistry is a broad field with multi‐dimensional applications in research area of organic, biology, drug design and agrochemicals. Conventional methods have been adopted extensively to access phosphorylated compounds that rely on the use of toxic, moisture sensitive phosphorylating agents and occur in the presence of oxidants, catalysts, as well as high temperatures and harsh conditions are required for complete transformations. However, recent progress has been made for phosphorylation reactions using electricity to introduce green and sustainable synthetic procedures. These reactions can be performed at mild conditions and proceed with excellent atom economy. Herein, we targeted electrochemical phosphorylation reactions with generation of new bonds such as C(sp3) −P, C(sp2) −P, O−P, N−P, S−P and Se−P. This review is aimed to offer an overview of recent developments in the synthetic methodology to easy access of organophosphorus compounds using electrochemistry.
A Supersymmetric Hierarchical Model for Weakly Disordered 3d Semimetals
Authors: Antinucci Giovanni , Fresta Luca , Porta Marcello 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we study a hierarchical supersymmetric model for a class of gapless, three-dimensional, weakly disordered quantum systems, displaying pointlike Fermi surface and conical intersections of the energy bands in the absence of disorder. We use rigorous renormalization group methods and supersymmetry to compute the correlation functions of the system. We prove algebraic decay of the two-point correlation function, compatible with delocalization. A main technical ingredient is the multiscale analysis of massless bosonic Gaussian integrations with purely imaginary covariances, performed via iterative stationary phase expansions.
Semigroup-theoretic approach to diffusion in thin layers separated by semi-permeable membranes
Authors: Bobrowski Adam 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing techniques of the theory of semigroups of linear operators, we study the question of approximating solutions to equations governing diffusion in thin layers separated by a semi-permeable membrane. We show that as thickness of the layers converges to 0, the solutions, which by nature are functions of 3 variables, gradually lose dependence on the vertical variable and thus may be regarded as functions of 2 variables. The limit equation describes diffusion on the lower and upper sides of a two-dimensional surface (the membrane) with jumps from one side to the other. The latter possibility is expressed as an additional term in the generator of the limit semigroup, and this term is built from permeability coefficients of the membrane featuring in the transmission conditions of the approximating equations (i.e., in the description of the domains of the generators of the approximating semigroups). We prove this convergence result in the spaces of square integrable and continuous functions, and study the way the choice of transmission conditions influences the limit.
Modellierte Individualentwicklung. Humanembryologische Praktiken an der Universität Göttingen in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Markert Michael 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Humanembryologische Dokumentationssammlung Blechschmidt, entstanden an der Universität Göttingen im Zeitraum von 1942 bis etwa 1970, stellt eine einmalige Kombination histologischer Schnittserien menschlicher Embryonen und darauf aufbauender, großformatiger und öffentlich zugänglicher Modelle dar. Nicht nur erfolgte diese Sammlungsgründung für die Disziplin der Humanembryologie erstaunlich spät, sondern ist auch in einer zweiten Hinsicht bemerkenswert: Während an anderen Standorten Modelle primär als Forschungsobjekte verstanden wurden und mit einem Lehreinsatz eine Umnutzung stattfand, war für den Göttinger Embryologen Erich Blechschmidt (1904–1992) von Beginn an ein pädagogischer Impetus maßgeblich. Im Beitrag werden die eigenwilligen Merkmale der Blechschmidt’schen Unternehmung vor ihrem disziplinären Hintergrund herausgearbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den beiden für die Humanembryologie zentralen Praktiken des Sammelns und Modellierens und den dadurch in Göttingen geschaffenen Objektbeständen. Diese waren schon im Entstehungsprozess von einem besonderen Spannungsverhältnis von Individualität und Universalität geprägt, das sich auch in der späteren Nutzung der Sammlung spiegelt. Diese führt durch eine spezifische Individualisierung zuvor anonym gemachter Präparate weit aus der ursprünglichen fachwissenschaftlich-anatomischen Bestimmung in die breite gesellschaftliche Debatte um den ethischen Status menschlicher Embryonen und den Schwangerschaftsabbruch.
Qualitätsverbessernde Maßnahmen in der Versorgung von kritisch kranken Intensivpatienten mit Nierenersatztherapie bei akuter Nierenschädigung
Authors: Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Heering Peter , Meersch-Dini Melanie , Schmitz Michael , Oppert Michael , John Stefan , Jörres Achim , Zarbock Alexander , Willam Carsten 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Nierenersatztherapie ist neben der Beatmung eines der wichtigsten und am häufigsten angewendeten Organersatzverfahren in der täglichen Praxis in der Intensivmedizin. Im Gegensatz zur Beatmungstherapie sind Qualitätsstandards für die Nierenersatztherapie weniger gut definiert und bekannt. In diesem Positionspapier der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensivmedizin (DIVI) beschreiben wir Qualitätsstandards zur Nierenersatztherapie mit dem Ziel die Behandlungsqualität der Patienten mit einem schweren akuten Nierenversagen zu verbessern.
Psychosoziale Unterstützung während der COVID-19-Pandemie: interdisziplinäres Versorgungskonzept an einem Universitätsklinikum
Authors: Reinhard Matthias A. , Burkhardt Gerrit , Grosse-Wentrup Fabienne , Eser-Valerie Daniela , Mumm Friederike H. A. , Barnikol-Oettler Bernhard , Bausewein Claudia , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Klein Matthias , Falkai Peter , Jauch Karl-Walter , Adorjan Kristina , Padberg Frank , Hoch Eva 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie COVID-19-Pandemie hat seit ihrem Beginn zu einem erhöhten psychosozialen Unterstützungsbedarf bei Patient*innen, Angehörigen und Mitarbeiter*innen geführt und übliche Wege klinischer Versorgung erschwert. Sowohl Quarantäne- und Isolationsmaßnahmen als auch SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen und -Erkrankungen sind zu neuen und erheblichen Belastungsfaktoren geworden, die in neuen Ansätzen der Versorgung adressiert werden müssen.Ziel der Arbeit und MethodeDieser Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung des KonzeptesPsychosoziale Versorgung COVID-19am LMU-Klinikum in München durch ein interdisziplinäres Team von Psychiater*innen, Psycholog*innen, Seelsorger*innen, Psychoonkolog*innen und Palliativmediziner*innen.ErgebnisDas neue Versorgungsmodell zur psychosozialen Unterstützung wurde für stationäre COVID-19-Patient*innen des Klinikums, deren Angehörige und Mitarbeiter*innen bestehend aus fünf Elementen implementiert.DiskussionDas Angebot integriert innovative und nachhaltige Ansätze, wie den Einsatz telemedizinischer Interventionen, und unterstreicht den Wert interdisziplinärer Zusammenarbeit zur Bewältigung von Herausforderungen im Gesundheitswesen.
Prognosemodelle für Präeklampsie
Authors: Brezinka Christoph 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Präeklampsie betrifft 3–5 % aller Schwangeren. Wurde bisher in der Schwangerenkontrolle mittels Blutdruckmessung, Achten auf das Auftreten von Ödemen und Proteinurie die Erkrankung im zweiten und dritten Trimenon durch ihre Prodrome und Symptome erkannt, stehen nun Prognosemodelle zur Verfügung. Mit diesen ist es möglich, bereits im ersten Trimenon ein erhöhtes Präeklampsierisiko festzustellen. Durch den Nachweis, dass die Gabe von Acetylsalicylsäure ab dem ersten Trimenon zu einer etwa 60 %igen Reduktion des Risikos für das Auftreten einer Präeklampsie führt, steht mit den Prognosemodellen ein schlüssiges Präventions- und Therapiekonzept zur Verfügung.
Numerical investigation of detonation initiation by a focusing shock wave
Authors: Bengoechea S. , Reiss J. , Lemke M. , Sesterhenn J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work presents a numerical study of detonation initiation by means of a focusing shock wave. The investigated geometry is a part of a pulsed detonation combustion chamber, consisting of a circular pipe in which the flow is obstructed by a single convergent–divergent axisymmetric nozzle. This obstacle acts as a focusing device for an incoming shock wave, serving as a low-energy detonation initiator. The chamber is filled with stoichiometric premixed hydrogen-enriched air. The simulation uses a one-step chemical model with variable parameters optimized by the adjoint approach in terms of the induction time $$\tau _{\text {c}}$$

τ
c

. The model reproduces $$\tau _{\text {c}}$$

τ
c

of a complex kinetics model in the range of pressures and temperatures appearing at the focusing point. The results give a comprehensive description of the shock-induced detonation initiation, which is the mechanism for the deflagration-to-detonation transition in this type of configurations. Potential geometry design improvements for technical applications are discussed. The first attempt to parameterize the transition process is also undertaken.
Mental health effects of infection containment strategies: quarantine and isolation—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Henssler Jonathan , Stock Friederike , van Bohemen Joris , Walter Henrik , Heinz Andreas , Brandt Lasse 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of people worldwide is currently affected by quarantine or isolation. These measures have been suggested to negatively impact on mental health. We conducted the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis assessing the psychological effects in both quarantined and isolated persons compared to non-quarantined and non-isolated persons. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase databases were searched for studies until April 22, 2020 (Prospero Registration-No.: CRD42020180043). We followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines for data extraction and synthesis and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for assessing risk of bias of included studies. A random-effects model was implemented to pool effect sizes of included studies. The primary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. All other psychological parameters, such as anger, were reported as secondary outcomes. Out of 6807 screened articles, 25 studies were included in our analyses. Compared to controls, individuals experiencing isolation or quarantine were at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, particularly after containment duration of 1 week or longer. Effect sizes were summarized for depressive disorders (odds ratio 2.795; 95% CI 1.467–5.324), anxiety disorders (odds ratio 2.0; 95% CI 0.883–4.527), and stress-related disorders (odds ratio 2.742; 95% CI 1.496–5.027). Among secondary outcomes, elevated levels of anger were reported most consistently. There is compelling evidence for adverse mental health effects of isolation and quarantine, in particular depression, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and anger. Reported determinants can help identify populations at risk and our findings may serve as an evidence-base for prevention and management strategies.