bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description of Referrals for Colposcopy in a Hospital in Brazil
Authors: de Carvalho Stephanie Hein , Rosa Dayana Aparecida Nacimento , Santos André Luis Ferreira , de Medeiros Andréa Paula Peneluppi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective To describe the referral for colposcopy in a Hospital in Brazil and the relative frequency of patients who benefited from it, considering the correct indications for the examination and its final diagnoses.
Methods A retrospective study was performed in the colposcopy service database of the Hospital Universitário de Taubaté, Taubaté, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The frequency validated in the analysis of the medical records of women referred for clinical indication or cytological alteration, attended from March 2015 to March 2017. The population selected and analyzed included 256 results that were correlated to the cytological, clinical data and the result of the colposcopy.
Results Of the women referred, 45% presented out of the age of screening according to the guidelines of cervical cancer screening, 8.6% being adolescents and young adults < 25 years old, and 36.4% of the patients being ≥ 65 years old. A total of 50% of the patients had no indication of colposcopy, that is, normal cytologies, benign changes, ectopia, cervicitis, atypical squamous cells of indeterminate significance (ASC-US) and low-grade intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) without persistence and normal clinical appearance. A total of 39.84% who underwent colposcopy had high-grade lesion or cancer results, thus benefiting from the adequate referral.
Conclusion Most (60.16%) of the patients referred to the colposcopy service did not benefit from the referral for results without changes, such as negative colposcopies, histologies with no cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) or only CIN 1, or were out of the age for screening. These findings therefore demonstrate a significant number of unnecessary and inadequate referrals.
Using currency demand to estimate the Palestine underground economy: An econometric analysis
Authors: Awad Ibrahim M. , Alazzeh Wael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe existence of an underground economy may hide the official number of unemployed persons, their share in the labour force, and wages. It also gives rise to the economic and social conditions of individuals, household and countries, which are evaluated in a biased way if one relies on the official statistics. In this paper, we use the currency demand model of Tanzi to estimate the underground economy in Palestine over the period: (2008–2017). Toward that end, a group of econometric techniques of time series data was applied. The main empirical results show that the underground economy reached up to 28.6% in 2010 of the GDP with about USD 2676.227 million. The empirical study results also reveal that the explanatory variables listed in the study model suggested by economic theory and previous research have a significant impact on the dependent one, except the variable ratio of governmental wages and salaries to GDP. However, the money received by the government employees does not contribute to the underground economy.
Nocturnal swallowing augments arousal intensity and arousal tachycardia
Authors: Burke P. G. R. , Carter S. G. , Knapman F. , Patti J. , Butlin M. , Gandevia S. C. , Butler J. E. , Eckert D. J. , Bilston L. E. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Spontaneous arousals from sleep are associated with tachycardia and blood pressure responses excessive to physiological need. The prevailing view is that stereotyped autonomic activity is generated by feedforward inputs from cortical and subcortical systems implicated in the arousal, akin to autonomic activation with emotional behavior or cognitive effort. This remains an inadequate explanation, and mechanisms that augment arousal and autonomic functions in sleep remain enigmatic. We identified that swallows trigger rapid, robust, and patterned tachycardia conserved across wake, sleep, and arousal states. Nocturnal swallowing and glottic adduction—essential airway defense mechanisms—were also causally linked to prolonged, intense arousals. These findings identify a fundamental mechanism driving both autonomic activation and heightened arousal via cortical feedback from brainstem swallow networks.
Towards formalizing the GDPR’s notion of singling out
Authors: Cohen Aloni , Nissim Kobbi 
Published: March 2020

Significance
This article addresses a gap between legal and technical conceptions of data privacy and demonstrates how it can be minimized. The article focuses on “singling out,” which is a concept appearing in the GDPR. Our analysis draws on the legislation, regulatory guidance, and mathematical reasoning to derive a technical concept—“predicate singling out”—aimed at capturing a core part of GDPR’s intent. Examination of predicate singling out sheds light on the concept of singling out and the question of whether existing technologies protect against such a threat. Conceptually, this work demonstrates the role that principled analysis supported by mathematical argument can and should play in articulating and informing public policy at the interface between law and technology.
The predictive validity of the Academic IELTS test
Authors: Pearson William S. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Despite an abundance of studies that address the fundamental issue of the relationship between students’ IELTS
results and their academic performance, findings remain inconclusive. One reason for this are variations in research design,
notably in how researchers collect, analyse, and interpret data, and report their findings. The present study constitutes a
critical methodological synthesis of 32 published IELTS predictive validity studies. The results revealed a number of efficacious
design practices, and also some concerning tendencies, including: (a) dependency on linear models of causality, (b) small sampling
frames situated in Anglo-Australian contexts, (c) a lack of thoroughness in describing contexts, samples, and approaches to
academic performance measurement, and (d) where qualitative data was generated through interviewing and observation, a tendency to
overlook ‘quality’ issues, such as confirmability, dependability, and trustworthiness. Recommendations are made for enhancing
research designs along with suggestions for novel investigations to address gaps in the predictive validity literature.
Neighbourhood built environment and leisure‐time physical activity: A cross‐sectional study in southern China
Authors: Yu Ting , Fu Maozhen , Zhang Bingzheng , Feng Lijuan , Meng Hongdao , Li Xin , Su Shiliang , Dun Qianqian , Cheng Siyu , Nian Yunpeng , Wu Qixin , Meng Ziqi , Duan Yiting , Liu Xin , Chen Longwei , Wu Nengjian , Zou Yuliang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study conducted scientific evidence linking neighbourhood built environment to adults’ leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) among adults in China. Data were obtained from a questionnaire survey conducted from April to July 2017 among 1002 adults aged 18‐69 years old in Pingshan District, Shenzhen, China. Chinese Walkable Environment Scale for urban community residents and International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to measure participants’ neighbourhood built environment and leisure‐time physical activity, which was categorised into leisure‐time walking (LTW) and leisure‐time moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (LTMVPA). A total of 986 participants (mean age = 40.7 years, 53.3% females) were included in this research. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the socio‐demographic variables, LTW and LTMVPA by sex. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between neighbourhood environment characteristics and the likelihood of engaging in active LTW and LTMVPA. Only 20.7% of participants engaged in active LTW and 17.8% active LTMVPA. Better road condition was associated with higher likelihood of active (at least 150 min/week) LTW and LTMVPA. High perceived esthetic was positively associated with LTW and LTMVPA. Active LTW was related to better perception of traffic condition as well. The improvement of the neighbourhood environment characteristics can promote active LTPA among adults living in Shenzhen, China. Our findings support the importance of considering population health effects in urban planning and development.
Rural household pluriactivity and plurilocality: a source of resilience to climate breakdown
Authors: White B 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rural small-farmer households in Asia are characterized by a high degree of mobility of household members between places (pluriactivity) and sectors (plurilocality). These features are not well captured in Census and other large-scale statistics, or in common conceptions of ‘occupation’, ‘farm’ and ‘household’. As climate change brings increasing risks and unpredictability to smallholder farming, pluriactive rural livelihoods can be important in the adaptation of poor and marginal rural groups to the vagaries and risks of climate change, while smallholder farming itself can be an important counter to climate change. Family farming, according to the Global Action Plan of the UN Decade of Family Farming 2019-2028, can contribute to all 17 Sustainable Development Goals. A revitalized smallholder farming depends not only on active support from governments, but also on the emergence of a new generation of young men and women interested in farming. Will there be a next generation of smallholder farmers? Or will smallholder farming be abandoned by the new generations, leaving big capital and the multinationals to take over? Recent research shows that while many young rural men and women indeed aspire to non-farming futures, they also have a clear idea of what is needed to make farming a more attractive option, especially: access to land, to markets, and government support, and combining farming with other income sources, reflecting the pluriactive and plurilocal character of sustainable rural livelihoods.
The Possibly of the November-December 2018 earthquakes caused by hydrothermal in the Mamasa and surrounding areas derived by the earthquake relocation data
Authors: Ali Y H , Rosid M S , Ramdhan M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
During the last two months in 2018, 761 earthquakes occur in Mamasa Region, west Celebes. These earthquakes are not lying in known active faults in Celebes and not have mainshock. About 287 earthquakes felt by local society. Mapping for detailed seismicity in this region is crucial to know the source of this earthquake sequence. The Inversion from arrival time catalog was performed to derive the 1-D local velocity model. The initial velocity model is obtained by combining ak135 for spherical average structure and local velocity model in Palu Koro Region that has been studied previously. The new local velocity model was used to compute double-difference relocation, while data input was arrival time catalog from Meteorological Climatological and geophysical agency. We successfully relocate 752 earthquakes with fine residual value 0 until 0.032 seconds. The trend of this earthquake sequence was spread but the main linearization is N 80 W, but it still makes a trend from a 48-degree dip angle. With the number of earthquakes in a narrow area and shallow depth within a short period of time, it should be suspected that there is a contact between faults and hot springs in the area so that these earthquakes can occur.
Community-based adaptation for ecosystem disaster risk reduction in the Upstream Merawu Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Sari N A , Suryatmojo H , Utami A W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Forest conversion to agricultural land in the upstream area of Merawu watershed has changes the ecosystem composition and reduced the stability. Mass erosion and landslide occurred in the upstream and increased the ecosystem vulnerability. Tamansari and Penanggungan hamlets are prone to erosion, landslides and environmental pollution from intensive farming. Potatoes, cabbage, carrots, and chili are the main commodities planted, particularly in Penanggungan hamlet. Planting on the steep slope, intensive land mechanization and high intensity of pesticide spraying caused the area to be prone to ecosystem disasters such as erosion, landslides and environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the people’s perceptions of ecosystem disasters and analyse the community adaptation and mitigation strategies. Community perceptions is analysed using Mann Whitney test, while adaptation and mitigation strategies using qualitative descriptive. The results showed that the upper Merawu watershed community’s perceptions varied greatly by knowledge and attitudes of the community. Knowledge is affected by the intervention of PT. Indonesia Power and Field Extension Officer. Community attitudes are influenced by the type of land use and commodities planted. Adaptation actions practiced by the community include water drainage cleaning, application of intercropping, crop rotation and agroforestry. Mitigation actions carried out by the community include the construction of drainage channels, terraces, embankments, and planting of wood plants (structural mitigation) while mitigation carried out by the government is more towards non-structural mitigation such as socialization and training, planting joint seedlings and the establishment of disaster resilient village (i.e., Destanta).
Climate change effects on agriculture in thabaung township, ayeyarwady region, Myanmar: challenges and perceptions of farmers
Authors: Soe K K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the Thabaung township, Ayeyarwady river delta region, the majority of the farmers derive their livelihood from subsistent farming. With climate change expected to result in increased flooding, the impacts on these poor rural farmers will be significant and since adaptation is not cheap, prioritizing responses by sectors becomes essential. This paper is focused the impact of flood on agriculture and farmers perceptions and their challenges. The economy of Thabaung Township is largely depends on agriculture but, at the same time, the study area is subjected to floods annually. The paper is based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork in Thabaung in 2019. First a literature review took place and secondary data (paddy production) was collected from General Administrative Department, Department of Agricultural Land Management and Statistics of Thabaung Township. Within the paper some quantitative methods, common for analyzing (semi-) standardized questionnaires like Likert scale, cluster analysis is used to show the spatial distribution of agriculture condition of flood prone areas were used. Then key actors were asked in qualitative open interviews with local experts (farmers). Finally, a SWOT analysis comes to a comprehensive assessment.
The meaning of elderly welfare at Budi Dharma nursing home in Yogyakarta
Authors: Aryati S , Khoiruluswati N M , Christianawati A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The elderly are the last stage in human life which is marked by some changes in typical physical conditions, psychology, and social-economic changes. The role of the family to pay attention to the elderly population is still needed. However, various advances that occur due to modernization and industrialization have led to a reduction in family attention towards the elderly population. Therefore, the issue of the elderly is still warm to be raised as an issue relating to the welfare of the elderly population. Through a qualitative approach,this study used a purposive sampling method to collect the primary data. There were 26 informants who were successfully interviewed, consisting of 5 administrators of the Budi Dharma Nursing Home and 21 elderly people who live there. The results showed that each elderly has a different perspective on feeling welfare according to their conditions at the moment. The elderly who live in the Nursing Home feel that they are prosperous because their needs are fulfilled, but they feel more prosperous when they live with their family. Generally, the elderly need more attention from their family but on the other hand, they do not want to add to the family’s economic burden.
Visitors satisfaction monitoring using important perform analysis in Pindul Geoheritage-Indonesia
Authors: Suyanto A , Haryono E , Baiquni M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate visitors’ satisfaction with the image, attractions, and facilities provided by site management in Pindul geoheritage. Pindul geoheritage is considered successful, sustainable and get some recognition from the national and international organization. The significance of examining visitor perceptions and satisfaction is essential for understanding what positively influences people to travel to geoheritage and why some aspects are more important than others. This study is an explanatory study with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The Important Perform Analysis (IPA) is used in this study for analysis. The result of the research is there is a difference in terms of overall visitor satisfaction during the visit the geoheritage between Yogyakarta and outside Yogyakarta visitors and through the importance and satisfaction analysis shows that the beautiful landscape was the most influencing aspect in attracting the visitor.
Resilience of persons with paraplegia for earthquake disaster victims in Bantul Regency
Authors: Hanjarwati A , Marfai M A , Pramono M , Rijanta R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors and stages of resilience of people with paraplegia victims of the earthquake disaster in Bantul District in 2006. The research method used was a mix method with a population of 124 people with paraplegia and a sample of 44 people with paraplegia. Resilience in people with paraplegia is achieved through 4 phases: stress phase, self-acceptance and adaptation phase, self-development / capacity building phase and resilient phase (independent in mobility, productive and socializing). The determinants of resilience of paraplegia with different research are factors accessibility and adaptation factors.
Journey of researches on gender and disaster in Indonesia
Authors: Fajarwati A , Wardhani A G , Sintesa M P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA disaster that has a different impact on each individual / community that experiences it. This is caused by different conditions of vulnerability. The vulnerability of a person / group of people is caused by various factors, one of which is gender. This paper aims to explore the journey of gender and disaster in Indonesia with the literature review method. The results of the study show: 1) the journey of gender and disaster studies in Indonesia began with the publication of research in 2011 and then develop fluctuatively; 2) research with this theme is mostly carried out in Java Island; 3) most research used qualitative methods; 4) most studies with the theme Gender and Disaster still interpret ‘Gender’ as ‘Female; 5) most of researchers were women or men and women in one team; 6) the focus of the discussion from those studies mostly about ‘Women participation in disaster management’.
Landuse change in Jakarta Province: trend, types, and socio-demographic factors
Authors: Dewi R P , Khofianida A , Agista D E , Arrasyid F P , Kurniawati  , Damayanti S I , Putri R F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Landuse change in Jakarta Province is one of the popular issue due to urban problems. As a capital city, Jakarta has small agriculture area and large non agriculture area. The objectives of this study are to know the landuse change trend, to know the types of landuse that change overtime, and to know the factors that cause landuse change specifically in socio- demographic condition in Jakarta. This study used secondary data from Badan Pusat Statistik or Statistic Board Center of Jakarta to derive population and landuse data. The analysis of this study used a spatial approach and by calculating land resources balancing. From this study, we find that landuse change was increased in Jakarta overtime, especially in foods crops, horticulture, and forestry area, which vary over the districts. Major socio-demographic factors that cause landuse change is high population density in Jakarta.
Analysis of meteorological water availability and water demand in Cemoro River section area
Authors: Kusuma Aji A P , Purnomo A D , Setyawan A , Delweis B A , Fauzi D R , Astuti E S , Darmawan F R , Ahyar M I , Wijayanti N F , Widyastuti M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
About 69% of Cemoro River Section Area is dryland agricultures. Rain is the main source of irrigation for the dryland agricultures, but during dry season farmers use Cemoro River water for irrigation which is directly flowed using a water pump. The potential of water resources in Cemoro River Section Area is very important and determines agricultural products. The aim of this study is to analyze meteorological water availability and water demand in Cemoro River Section Area. Thornthwaite Mather method is used to calculate meteorological water, while the total water demand are calculated based on the domestic water demand, livestock water demand, and agricultural water demand. The result shows that discharge from 60% rain probability could meet total water demand stated as a surplus, but discharge from 80% rain probability could not meet total water demand and classified as deficit.
Characterizing flow release from the aquifer of Guntur Spring in Gunungsewu Karst Area, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhan F , Widyastuti M , Adji T N , Cahyadi A , Naufal M , Riyanto I A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractKarst aquifers have three flow components, namely conduit, fissure, and diffuse. This research was designed to characterize the flow release from the karst aquifer of Guntur Spring. It is part of the hydrogeological system Panggang Block, part of Gunungsewu Karst Area, Gunungkidul, the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The water level and discharge data from May 2018 to May 2019 were processed to create flow hydrographs. Two different methods were applied to measure discharge variation in one year, namely sudden injection in dry seasons and velocity area in rainy seasons. While baseflow separation analysis was employed to calculate the percentage of baseflow, recession constants computation was used to derive the three flow components of the karst aquifer. The recession constants, Kb (diffuse flow), Ki (fissure flow), and Kc (conduit flow), were calculated from nine selected flood events. From the hydrograph analysis, this research found that the average discharges in rainy and dry seasons were 56.7 l/s and 13.25 l/s, respectively. These relatively small flows are mainly because Guntur Spring is an epikarst spring with layers of limestone or thin aquifer. The recession constants were Kb=0.998, Ki=0.933, and Kc=0.500, meaning that Guntur Spring has three flow components, including diffuse, fissure, and conduit. Although the baseflow separation analysis found that the diffuse flow prevailed (93.07%), the influence of conduit and fissure flows was apparent, especially during rainy seasons. The Guntur Spring hydrograph analysis revealed that the average time to baseflow (Tb) and time to peak (Tp) was rather prolonged. Supporting this finding was the mean value of Kc that categorized the recession as medium and signified that the conduit fractures developing in Guntur Spring were not extensive. As a conclusion, diffuse flow mainly characterizes the discharge of Guntur Spring with some indications of growing fissures and conduits.