bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES ON DAILY SUPPORT TO FAMILY AND EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING IN ADULTHOOD
Authors: Kong Jooyoung , Liu Yin , Almeida David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Extensive evidence suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to negative health effects across a lifetime. This study examines the impact of ACEs on the frequency of providing daily support (i.e., unpaid assistance, emotional support, and disability-related assistance) to family members and the moderating effects of ACEs in the association between providing daily support to family and daily negative affect. Using the National Study of Daily Experiences II, we analyzed a total of 14,912 daily interviews from 2,022 respondents aged 56 on average. Key results showed that a greater number of ACEs were associated with providing more frequent emotional support to family. We also found the significant interaction effect that adults with more ACEs showed greater negative affect on the days when they provided assistance to family members with disabilities. The findings underscore the long-term negative impact of ACEs on daily well-being in the context of family relationships.
THE INCIDENCE AND IMPACT OF POLYPHARMACY IN AL RESIDENTS
Authors: Galik Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe polypharmacy in AL settings. We hypothesized that: (1) age, gender, race, setting, multimorbidity and cognitive status would influence polypharmacy; and (2) polypharmacy would be associated with falls, emergency room visits and hospitalizations. This was a descriptive study using data from the first cohort of the FFC-AL-EIT Study. A total of 242 participants from 26 AL settings were included. Participants had a mean age of 86.86 (SD=7.0), the majority were women 179(74%) and white (N=232, 96%) with 5 (SD=2) comorbidities. The mean number of drugs was 7 (SD=3.56) and 51% were exposed to polypharmacy, 24% fell at least once, 9% were sent to the hospital and 13% to the emergency room. Neither hypothesis was supported. Continued research is needed to explore the factors that influence polypharmacy and to identify if there are negative outcomes associated with polypharmacy in this population.
ETHICAL DILEMMAS, VULNERABLE ELDERS, AND ELDER ABUSE
Authors: Heisler Candace J 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Elder abuse is a growing concern worldwide. It is described across multiple professional disciplines: as a social justice issue by social workers; as a medical syndrome and public health issue by health care providers; and as a violation of human rights and criminal laws by courts, legislators, and the justice system professionals. Elder abuse assumes different forms, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment. Forms often co-occur in a variety of settings. This presentation explores key ethical conundrums emerging when different professions address elder abuse. Specifically examined is how the ethical principles of autonomy and non-maleficence conflict with mandatory reporting laws, for example, if their purpose is to incarcerate older offenders who are ill and vulnerable serving lengthy mandated prison terms. The presentation also explores the rights of perpetrators, including how rights of crime victims are weighed against those of perpetrators in a just society.
INTEREST GROUP SESSION—TECHNOLOGY AND AGING: THE POTENTIAL AND PITFALLS OF EXTENDED REALITY SOLUTIONS FOR SUPPORTING AND ASSESSING OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Charness Neil , Narasimhan Balaji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Extended Reality (XR), which encompasses Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), holds a great deal of promise for improving the health and well-being of older adults. These opportunities include providing rehabilitation, physical exercise, skills training, leisure opportunities, and support for instrumental activities of daily living. Further, XR presents novel assessment opportunities. This session will explore the potential of XR solutions, and also crucial barriers to XR implementation, adoption, and engagement, particularly with respect to the “digital divide.” Some older adults, for a number of reasons, experience greater challenges adopting and using newer technologies. This session will start with a broad overview of issues related to XR solutions and will identify critical research needs, with an emphasis on the needs of older adults. This will be followed by a presentation of older adults’ perceptions of XR using data derived from a large, nationally representative sample. While some older adults reported not being ready for XR solutions, many older adults reported being willing to accept them to support optimal aging. Next, a study is presented that directly compares older adults’ perceptions of presence and immersion in virtual spaces. Using VR to assess wayfinding and navigation abilities of older adults is discussed next. The final talk will present VR usability issues derived from interview and focus group data. The session discussant will bring an interdisciplinary perspective to these important issues.
USING VR FOR NAVIGATION ASSESSMENT IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Moffat Scott 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There has been a long tradition of wayfinding and orienteering studies in humans but these have mostly neglected possible age-related differences in navigation. This field of inquiry is experiencing something of a resurgence of interest due to the development of VR technology which has brought the systematic study of large scale navigation into the laboratory and into the MRI scanning environment. Empirical studies to date identify navigation as an aspect of cognition that is vulnerable to the aging process. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies in humans suggest that age-related changes in the brain’s “navigation circuit” may underlie these behavioral age differences. Older adults also adopt unique spatial strategies and knowledge of these strategy preferences could enlighten both basic science research in spatial cognition and also inform the development of age-specific technological assistance that may extend functional independence of older adults into later life.
VIRTUAL REALITY AND OLDER ADULTS: A USABILITY STUDY
Authors: Brown Julie A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Within the past two years there has been a very small but growing number of scholarly articles that highlight the potential benefit of mobile Virtual Reality (VR) platforms among older adult populations. Yet, it is critical to assess older adult user needs and preferences, as well as ethical considerations, before utilizing VR in applied contexts. This pilot study investigated perceptions of VR use and its potential application by individually interviewing ten community-dwelling older adults (ages 63 to 89) both before and after trying the Samsung Gear VR and followed with two focus group discussions. Themes identified from the transcripts include 1) usability, 2) video subject matter preferences, and 3) implications with use. These themes highlighted both the challenges and opportunities of VR use among a wide range of older populations, and provided greater insight with its exploration and application in future studies, particularly with individuals with functional limitations.
ADDRESSING THE SUCCESSFUL TRANSITION OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE GERONTOLOGY STUDENTS TO UNIVERSITY SETTINGS
Authors: Manoogian Margaret M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Developed in 2012, our gerontology program has tracked enrollment, learning outcomes, student competency development, and career paths post-graduation. Enrolled students tend to be older, transferring from community colleges, reentering college due to work and family commitments, and retooling career paths. Our efforts have focused on career integration across all courses culminating in a two-term practicum program. Additionally, through discussions with community college faculty and students, alumni, and community partners, we have adapted our curriculum to address student needs for work, family care, and academic engagement through flexible course delivery, syllabus construction, applied project development, and direct contact with professionals in and outside the classroom. Developing strategies to ensure transfer student success is critical, as well as offering strong career preparation for older students entering the workforce. Comprehensive placement data and an overview of the needs and challenges for university programs to partner with community college programs will be highlighted.
DEMENTIA CAREGIVER EMBRACE OF HOME VIDEO TELEHEALTH VISITS
Authors: Moo Lauren 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Bringing people with dementia to in-person medical visits can be logistically challenging for family caregivers, especially when they themselves are older adults with their own health or mobility challenges, when they live far from the clinic, or when they have to combat inclement weather. Our dementia management clinic has successfully trialed video visits into the home. Video sessions have been welcomed by many dementia caregivers citing reduced travel and less disruption of daily routine as the primary benefits of participating. Caregivers report equivalent visit satisfaction compared to in-person visits. While technical issues have been common, most were just brief audio or video lags. Expansion of HIPAA compliant telemedicine software options across devices is increasing the population of caregivers who are able to participate in home video visits. (127 words)
IMPLEMENTING HOME SAFETY TOOLKIT TO CAREGIVERS OF VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Trudeau Scott A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this project was to study the processes necessary to make a Home Safety Toolkit (HST) for Veterans with dementia accessible to veterans and their caregivers. This Type 3 Implementation–Effectiveness Hybrid Research Design, included diagnostic analyses of the current processes by which Veterans receive home safety items, and identification of modifications necessary in order to provide the HST to Veterans with dementia. Two Veterans Health Administration Networks, one in the Northeast and one in the Mid-Atlantic region, participated. A formative evaluation used semi-structured interviews with key staff informants and caregivers identified facilitators and barriers to successful acquisition and use of home safety items. Qualitative data analysis reveals key barriers of time and cost, selection of best items, and caregiver reluctance to change. There was resounding support from caregivers regarding the potential benefits of self-paced toolkit including education and home safety items to implement for their veteran.
WE CAN’T AVOID IT. IT’S THERE! AGEISM EXPERIENCED BY DIVERSE CULTURAL GROUPS IN OTTAWA, CANADA
Authors: Bergeron Caroline D , Lagacé Martine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Discrimination based on age is pervasive across Canada. Little is known about the experiences of ageism among diverse cultural groups. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the perceptions of ageism among culturally diverse older adults in Ottawa, Canada. Methods: Three focus groups were conducted with Chinese, Arab, and Indian older adults in Ottawa in June 2016. An 8-item protocol was developed to guide the discussions. Qualitative data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Results: Twenty-five culturally diverse older adults (9 Chinese, 6 Arab, and 10 Indian) participated in the focus groups. All described personal positive and negative examples of discrimination based on their age without being familiar with the term “ageism”. Several described their experiences with the intersection of age, race, and gender, although these interpretations varied by cultural group. Ageism in the media was also easily recognized. Participants recommended using specific content, communication channels, and organizations to counteract ageism. Discussion: This pilot study helped to illustrate that ageism is a societal problem that requires a societal solution. As Canada’s population becomes older and more diverse, important efforts are needed to raise awareness of ageism.
ETHNIC DISPARITY IN NUTRITIONAL STATUS: EVIDENCE FROM ECUADOR’S NATIONAL SURVEY OF HEALTH, WELFARE AND AGING (SABE)
Authors: Amano Takashi , Gallegos Carlos Andres 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Providing effective public services to improve the nutritional status among older adults is pivotal in countries experiencing population aging. Public investment and social policy in Ecuador have focused mainly on standard food-based interventions and cash transference programs. These efforts, however, may be not effective enough to reach those populations that need the most. This study aims to identify those populations that should be targeted by specific interventions. Data were drawn from Ecuador’s Survey of Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE) – 2009, a probability sample of households with at least one person who were 60 years or older in Ecuador. The final sample consisted of 5,235 people who were 60 years or older. Ethnic identity was categorized into four categories: Indigenous People, Mestizo (Mixed of Spanish and Indigenous People), Afro-Ecuadorian/Mulato, and Other. Nutritional status was measured using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Ordered logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the association between ethnic identity and nutritional status. Results revealed that the Indigenous ethnicity was significantly associated with worse nutritional status compared to Mestizo and Other even after controlling for a range of covariates including socio-economic status, health related factors, and social support. These findings suggest the existence of underlaying factors hindering the nutritional status of among indigenous older adults in Ecuador. Considering the information revealed by SABE, interventions and other strategies should be targeted and designed specifically accounting for the needs, preferences, and culture of the most vulnerable population.
DISTANCE FROM APARTMENT TO ACTIVITY AS A BARRIER TO PARTICIPATION IN GROUP ACTIVITIES FOR ASSISTED LIVING RESIDENTS
Authors: Mauldin Rebecca L , Fernandez Jason 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Participating in group activities is potentially also beneficial for residents of assisted living facilities, who have decreased independence due to physical or cognitive limitations. However, their impaired abilities can make attending group activities difficult. One potential barrier is the physical distance from residents’ apartments to the activity location. This study analyzed resident (N=30) attendance at group activities in an assisted living facility. Attendance records for 822 group activities over the course of six months and the distance between residents’ apartments and activity location were analyzed. Exponential random graph models were used to estimate the effect of individual-level, activity-level, and social network factors on the likelihood that a resident attends an activity. On average, residents attended 128 events (SD = 151) during the six month study period. The average size of activities was 4.6 residents (SD = 2.9). The closest distance between a resident’s apartment and an activity was 7.7 feet; however, some residents had to travel up to 382 feet to attend an activity (M=153 ft.; SD=52). After controlling for individual-, activity-, and social network-level factors, distance to the activity was significantly and negatively associated with the likelihood a resident attended the activity. In spite of the fact that assisted living facilities offer supports and services to help residents overcome their physical limitations, it appears that distances within the building can be barriers to participation in group activities. This should be taken into account in designing facilities, locating group activities, and devising strategies to increase participation in group activities.
IDENTIFYING SALIENT TRAINING AND SUPPORT NEEDS WITHIN A STATEWIDE LIFELONG COMMUNITIES NETWORK
Authors: Crittenden Jennifer , Oh Patricia A , Lee Laura 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As the older adult population grows in the United States, the need for community planning approaches that respond to the needs of older adults is of increasing importance. As a result, lifelong community movements, encompassing models such as Age-Friendly Communities, Livable Communities, and “Aging-in-Place” initiatives are proliferating. Maine, the oldest state by median age, currently hosts the largest number of AARP designated Age-Friendly Communities efforts. Given the size of this network, the purpose of this study was to collect descriptive information about the status of existing lifelong communities initiatives, their training and support needs, and the desired format and configuration of future training programming. An electronic survey was distributed to community representatives from 76 lifelong communities initiatives throughout Maine. A total of 38 communities responded to the survey representing a response rate of 50%. The majority of respondents (80.4%) reported having a committee or other coordinating group guiding their work. A large portion have completed planning phase activities including hosting focus groups (79.5%), carrying out a survey (66.7%), and identifying a list of local assets (59%). Fewer have completed the plan drafting phase (17.9%). A majority reported receiving assistance from AARP (66%) and a regional educational consortium (66%). The areas with highest self-reported training needs (based on mean ratings) are: Volunteer recruitment and retention, specialized trainings on Age-Friendly Community topics, Dementia-Friendly Communities topics, and outreach and community engagement strategies. Implications will be discussed including optimal configuration of training and support for similar such networks.
GLUTATHIONE, MITOCHONDRIAL DEFECTS, AND A UNIQUE METABOLIC CYCLE IN OLDER HUMANS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SARCOPENIA
Authors: Sekhar Rajagopal V , Hsu Jean , Jahoor Farook , Chacko Shaji , Kumar Premranjan , Liu Chun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Sarcopenia in aging leads to decreased muscle mass and physical-function (muscle strength and exercise capacity), but underlying mechanisms are not well understood and effective interventions are limited. We hypothesized that deficiency of the intracellular antioxidant protein Glutathione initiates a unique self-perpetuating metabolic cycle linking impaired fasted mitochondrial fuel-oxidation (fMFO) to protein catabolism and contributes to sarcopenia. We also hypothesized that supplementing the Glutathione precursor amino-acids glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) to correct Glutathione deficiency in older humans could reverse these defects. We tested our hypothesis in a 24-week open-label clinical-trial in 8 older-humans (74y) studied before and 24-weeks after GlyNAC supplementation, compared to 8 gender-matched unsupplemented young-controls (25y), and measured intracellular Glutathione concentrations, fMFO, physical-function, muscle-protein breakdown-rate (MPBR), gluconeogenesis, and urine nitrogen-excretion (UNE). GlyNAC supplementation in older humans corrected Glutathione deficiency and restored impaired fMFO (to levels in young controls), lowered MPBR and UNE, and increased physical-function, but did not affect gluconeogenesis or increase lean-mass, and suggest that muscle amino-acids are utilized for energy needs rather than glucose production. The absence of an increase in lean-mass suggests that GlyNAC should be combined with anabolic agents for potential benefits in combating sarcopenia. Overall, these results indicate the presence of a unique reversible metabolic cycle in older humans initiated by Glutathione deficiency which results in impaired mitochondrial fatty-acid and glucose oxidation, muscle-protein breakdown, UNE, and leads to deficiency of glycine and cysteine which re-initiate the cycle. These data have implications for improving physical-function and muscle mass in age-associated sarcopenia, and warrants further investigation.
NOVEL STAIN SEPARATION METHOD FOR AUTOMATIC STEREOLOGY OF IMMUNOSTAINED TISSUE SECTIONS
Authors: Dave Palak , Goldgof Dmitry , Hall Lawrence O , Alahmari Saeed , Mouton Peter R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many studies of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases require rapid counts of high signal: noise (S:N) stained brain cells such as neurons and neuroglial (microglia cells) on tissue sections. To increase throughput efficiency of this work, we have combined deep learned (DL) neural networks and computerized stereology (DL-stereology) for automatic cell counts with low error (&lt;10%) compared to time-intensive manual counts. To date, however, this approach has been limited to sections with a single high S:N immunostain for neurons (NeuN) or microglial cells (Iba-1). The present study expands this approach to protocols that combine immunostains with counterstains, e.g., cresyl violet (CV). In our method, a stain separation technique called Sparse Non-negative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) converts a dual-stained color image to a single gray image showing only the principal immunostain. Validation testing was done using semi- and automatic stereology-based counts of sections immunostained for neurons or microglia with CV counterstaining from the neocortex of a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy (Tg4510 mouse) and controls. Cell count results with principal stain gray images show an average error rate of 16.78% and 28.47% for the semi-automatic approach and 8.51% and 9.36% for the fully-automatic DL-stereology approach for neurons and microglia, respectively, as compared to manual cell counts (ground truth). This work indicates that stain separation by SNMF can support high throughput, fully automatic DL-stereology based counts of neurons and microglia on counterstained tissue sections.
SOLUBLE INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE (SICAM-1) AS A BIOMARKER OF VASCULAR COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Arenas Rosalinda Sanchez , Gregory Michael A , Manuel-Apolinar Leticia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Endothelial dysfunction and subsequent inflammation contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is upregulated in endothelial dysfunction and promotes an inflammatory response; however, the relationship between sICAM-1 and VCI remains equivocal. Objective: To determine whether sICAM-1 contributes to the prediction of VCI. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults (n=172) from the “Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults” (COSFOMA) study were identified as VCI or controls using standard neuropsychological evaluations and neuroimaging. sICAM-1 was quantified using ELISA, and multivariate logistic regression determined the association between sICAM-1 and VCI. Results: 31 VCI cases were identified. sICAM-1 was higher in VCI [VCI: 450.7 (241.6) ng/ml vs. Control: 296.9 (140.9) ng/ml]. sICAM-1 concentrations above the 90th percentile (464.1 ng/mL) was associated with VCI group membership in all models [OR = 6.9 (95% CI: 1.1- 42.2)]. The final saturated model explained 64% of the variance in VCI group membership. Conclusion: High concentrations of sICAM-1 are independently associated with VCI group membership. Efforts to further characterize the relationship between indices of endothelial dysfunction and pathological changes to the aging brain should be further pursued.