bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting the edge between cancerogenesis and organogenesis of the pancreatic endocrine lineage allocation—comprehensive review of the genes Synaptotagmin 13 and 533041C22 Rik in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Willmann Stefanie Julia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the past years, a multitude of studies has been published in the field of pancreatic organogenesis to interrogate the critical regulators of endocrine lineage segregation. Preliminary, transcription factors are guiding the transcriptional hierarchy of the endocrine specified cells, underpinning the importance of open chromatin formation. Signaling pathways either inhibit or accelerate the transcriptional landscape of pancreatic organogenesis. Thus, the fine-tuned process in the former pancreatic multipotent progenitors in the mechanism of lineage segregation needs to be elucidated more precisely for unraveling the temporal-spatial lineage-determining factors.Previously, Willmann et al. described candidate gene regulators of lineage segregation during the secondary transition of pancreatic organogenesis. At embryonic stage (E) 12.5, the former multipotent pancreatic progenitor compartmentalizes into the acinar, ductal, and endocrine lineage. In the adult pancreatic gland, acinar cells secrete enzymes that are transported by the duct to the duodenum. In contrast, the endocrine cells are clustered within the acinar tissue in the Islets of Langerhans. These Islets of Langerhans consist of a subset of α, δ, ε, and PP cells and β cells, and the function of the α and β cells is predominantly described by regulating glucose homeostasis, contrary, the function of the additional subtypes in the Islets of Langerhans remains still unclear and is rather pointing to a supportive role for the α and β cells.The essential wave of endocrine precursor cells emerges at E 14.5 out of the ductal cord-like structure in a process called epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This EMT is a reversible and incomplete process that includes significant intermedia states. As EMT is in focus in the field of cancer research, missense in endocrine lineage segregation is linking to a progression of pancreatic cancer, to be more precise in adenocarcinoma, e.g., meaning pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Thus, the previous review will further accelerate the understanding of EMT about endocrine lineage segregation, respective pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and introduces factors previously only known for either lineage segregation or related in cancer disease into a complete picture.
The Relation Between Teacher-Student Eye Contact and Teachers’ Interpersonal Behavior During Group Work: a Multiple-Person Gaze-Tracking Case Study in Secondary Mathematics Education
Authors: Haataja Eeva , Salonen Visajaani , Laine Anu , Toivanen Miika , Hannula Markku S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReciprocal eye contact is a significant part of human interaction, but its role in classroom interaction has remained unexplored, mostly due to methodological issues. A novel approach in educational science, multiple-person mobile gaze-tracking, allows us to gather data on these momentary processes of nonverbal interaction. The current mixed-method case study investigates the role of teacher-student eye contact in interpersonal classroom interaction using this methodological approach from three mathematics lessons. We combined gaze-tracking data with classroom videos, which we analyzed with continuous coding of teachers’ interpersonal behavior. Our results show that teacher communion and agency affect the frequency and durations of teachers and students’ gazes at each other. Students tend to gaze their teachers more during high teacher communion and low agency, but qualitative and quantitative differences between the teachers and their classes emerged as well. To conclude, the formation of eye contacts is situational and affected by momentary interpersonal changes as well as the qualities of teacher-student interactions.
Recovery during a crisis: facing the challenges of risk assessment and resilience management of COVID-19
Authors: Menoni Scira , Schwarze Reimund 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper offers a disaster risk management perspective to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic and to propose and assess non-pharmaceutical mitigation measures for the recovery phase. Three main aspects are tackled: (i) the need to take a scenario-based approach; (i) the need to propose more fine-tuned and context-sensitive mitigation measures, the effectiveness and the cost–benefit of which must be carefully appraised; (iii) better communication as a fundamental pillar of any mitigation measure. Evidence and ideas from the field of natural disasters and man-made technological incidents are applied to tackle the health risk posed by the SARS-COV 2 virus and its rapid spread according to a multi-disciplinary perspective that addresses the health-related challenges and the need to avoid societal and economic breakdown.
Atomic congestion games with random players: network equilibrium and the price of anarchy
Authors: Wang Chenlan , Doan Xuan Vinh , Chen Bo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new model of congestion games with finite and random number of players, and an analytical method to compute the random path and link flows. We study the equilibrium condition, reformulate it as an equivalent variational inequality problem, and establish the existence and non-uniqueness of the equilibria. We also upper bound the price of anarchy with affine cost functions to characterize the quality of the equilibria. The upper bound is tight in some special cases, including the case of deterministic players. Finally a general lower bound is also provided.
Effect of the type of siliceous template and carbon precursor on physicochemical and catalytic properties of mesoporous nanostructured carbon-palladium systems
Authors: Szewczyk Ireneusz , Kosydar Robert , Natkański Piotr , Duraczyńska Dorota , Gurgul Jacek , Kuśtrowski Piotr , Drelinkiewicz Alicja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo series of nanostructured carbon replicas were synthesized through a hard-templating method using ordered SBA-15 or disordered mesoporous spherical silica gel as the templates and furfuryl alcohol or sucrose as the carbon source. They were explored to synthesize the Pd catalysts (ca. 1.5 wt% Pd loading) by the colloid-based microemulsion procedure which allowed preparing the catalysts of monodispersed Pd particles of similar size (4–5 nm). The palladium phase in the catalysts (e.g. the Pd particles distribution and extent of agglomeration) varied depending on the textural and surface characteristics of the carbon replicas. In the furfural hydrogenation studied as a probe reaction (2-propanol, 35 °C, 6 bar H2), furfuryl alcohol and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol were the major products formed. The catalytic reactivity has been related to the properties of the Pd phase including the surface Pd concentration and the extent of the Pd particles aggregation accompanied by the nearest palladium environment expressed by the surface O/Pd atomic ratio. At high O/Pd ratio the reaction slowed down because of a facilitated furfuryl alcohol adsorption resulting most probably in a blockage of the active sites. The SiO2 sucrose system provided the catalyst which was characterized by relatively low O/Pd ratio with well-dispersed Pd particles and the highest and stable activity for the furfural hydrogenation. The SBA-series catalysts, with lower O/Pd and more aggregated Pd particles, exhibited lower activity but somewhat higher tendency to the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol formation.
Navigating the space between landscape science and collective action for sustainability: identifying key factors in information processing
Authors: Opdam Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Context
Transitions to more sustainable landscapes require that actors change their thinking about using the landscape and act collectively to implement a shared view on the future. If landscape ecologists want their knowledge to contribute to such transitions, the information they provide need to stimulate collective decisions and action.

Objective
To identify key factors that determine how scientific information about landscape functioning and benefits influences actors in organizing collective action for landscape sustainability.

Method
I combine a theory of knowledge management with a theory of behavioural change to construct a framework of 4 phases of interpretation and implementation of landscape information.

Results
The 4 phases are: (1) actors accept the information as significant, (2) actors assess the saliency of the information for their case, (3) the information stimulates social network building and collective action, and (4) the information enforces the capacity to organize collaborative change. The extent to which these phases effectively develop in the interaction between scientists and practitioners depends on characteristics of the information, but to a great deal also on the process of interaction and the roles scientist play. I discuss how landscape ecologists can intervene in these phases, by providing the right information and by facilitating an interactive process of knowledge generation.

Conclusions
Whether landscape information is eventually used in organizing the landscape change depends on characteristics of the information and the governance process in which the information is brought in. Knowledge from social sciences is indispensable for landscape ecology with impact.
Understanding the (non-)Use of Societal Wellbeing Indicators in National Policy Development: What Can We Learn from Civil Servants? A UK Case Study
Authors: Corlet Walker Christine , Druckman Angela , Cattaneo Claudio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGross Domestic Product is often used as a proxy for societal well-being in the context of policy development. Its shortcomings in this context are, however, well documented, and numerous alternative indicator sets have been developed. Despite this, there is limited evidence of widespread use of these alternative indicator sets by people working in policy areas relevant to societal wellbeing. Civil servants are an important group of indicator end-users. Better understanding their views concerning measuring societal wellbeing can support wider discussions about what factors determine indicator use and influence in policy decision-making. Taking the UK as a case study, we ask what views exist among civil servants in the UK about measuring societal well-being? To answer this question, we used a bootstrapped Q methodology, interviewing 20 civil servants to elicit their views about measuring societal well-being. Three distinct discourses emerged from our analysis: one that was concerned about the consequences of ignoring natural, social and human capital in decision making; one that emphasised opportunity and autonomy as key determinants of well-being; and one that focused on the technical aspects of measuring societal well-being. Each of these discourses has direct implications for the way that we integrate societal wellbeing into policy making and highlights the potential benefits of including end-users in indicator development and strategy.
Understanding foraging flexibility in urban vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, for the benefit of human-wildlife coexistence
Authors: Thatcher Harriet R. , Downs Colleen T. , Koyama Nicola F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeneralist wildlife species often thrive in urban environments because of increased anthropogenic resources. However, human-wildlife interactions, especially if negative, raise concerns for urban wildlife management. An enhanced understanding of wildlife behavioural flexibility has been suggested to be a key tool to provide educated and effective management strategies. We therefore investigated how availability of semi-naturally occurring food affected behavioural foraging patterns of urban vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus), a generalist primate commonly found in urban areas of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Over one year, we conducted 20 min. focal animal observations recording foraging behaviour and food consumption. We used a combination of a generalised linear model and descriptive statistics to examine the relationship between anthropogenic food consumption and semi-natural food availability. Our analyses showed that anthropogenic food consumption decreased as semi-natural food availability increased. We also showed that increased aggression from humans towards vervet monkeys decreased time spent foraging on anthropogenic food. Our study highlights how vervet monkeys have adapted to their urban landscape, showing foraging flexibility in response to available food resources and the frequency of human interactions. We suggest how our results can be applied for management recommendations, particularly controlling anthropogenic food availability and decreasing negative human-wildlife interactions.
Prediction of a Cell-Class-Specific Mouse Mesoconnectome Using Gene Expression Data
Authors: Timonidis Nestor , Bakker Rembrandt , Tiesinga Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReconstructing brain connectivity at sufficient resolution for computational models designed to study the biophysical mechanisms underlying cognitive processes is extremely challenging. For such a purpose, a mesoconnectome that includes laminar and cell-class specificity would be a major step forward. We analyzed the ability of gene expression patterns to predict cell-class and layer-specific projection patterns and assessed the functional annotations of the most predictive groups of genes. To achieve our goal we used publicly available volumetric gene expression and connectivity data and we trained computational models to learn and predict cell-class and layer-specific axonal projections using gene expression data. Predictions were done in two ways, namely predicting projection strengths using the expression of individual genes and using the co-expression of genes organized in spatial modules, as well as predicting binary forms of projection. For predicting the strength of projections, we found that ridge (L2-regularized) regression had the highest cross-validated accuracy with a median r2 score of 0.54 which corresponded for binarized predictions to a median area under the ROC value of 0.89. Next, we identified 200 spatial gene modules using a dictionary learning and sparse coding approach. We found that these modules yielded predictions of comparable accuracy, with a median r2 score of 0.51. Finally, a gene ontology enrichment analysis of the most predictive gene groups resulted in significant annotations related to postsynaptic function. Taken together, we have demonstrated a prediction workflow that can be used to perform multimodal data integration to improve the accuracy of the predicted mesoconnectome and support other neuroscience use cases.
A robust augmented ε-constraint method (AUGMECON-R) for finding exact solutions of multi-objective linear programming problems
Authors: Nikas Alexandros , Fountoulakis Angelos , Forouli Aikaterini , Doukas Haris 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSystems can be unstructured, uncertain and complex, and their optimisation often requires operational research techniques. In this study, we introduce AUGMECON-R, a robust variant of the augmented ε-constraint algorithm, for solving multi-objective linear programming problems, by drawing from the weaknesses of AUGMECON 2, one of the most widely used improvements of the ε-constraint method. These weaknesses can be summarised in the ineffective handling of the true nadir points of the objective functions and, most notably, in the significant amount of time required to apply it as more objective functions are added to a problem. We subsequently apply AUGMECON-R in comparison with its predecessor, in both a set of reference problems from the literature and a series of significantly more complex problems of four to six objective functions. Our findings suggest that the proposed method greatly outperforms its predecessor, by solving significantly less models in emphatically less time and allowing easy and timely solution of hard or practically impossible, in terms of time and processing requirements, problems of numerous objective functions. AUGMECON-R, furthermore, solves the limitation of unknown nadir points, by using very low or zero-value lower bounds without surging the time and resources required.
Synthesis and characterization of hybrid activated bentonite/alginate composite to improve its effective elimination of dyes stuff from wastewater
Authors: Aichour Amina , Zaghouane-Boudiaf Hassina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe current paper is paying attention to the synthesis of a low-cost, abundant and efficient hybrid activated bentonite–alginate composite ABent/A. Hybrid composite morphology was determined through FTIR, XRPD, and pHPZC. The operational conditions for the retention of two dyes used in the textile industry (methylene blue and crystal violet) from aqueous mediums were evaluated. Results showed that MB and CV adsorbed amount on ABent/A was 780 and 546 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic Lagergren’s and Ho and McKay’s models provide the best result for the MB and CV adsorption on the prepared adsorbent, respectively. Langmuir isotherm model gives the best analyses of the experimentation, justifying a monolayer and a homogeneous nature of adsorption process. Results indicate also that the operational conditions studied affect significantly dyes removal. Reusability study of ABent/A for dyes was also investigated according to the type of desorbing agents. MB regeneration was found 98.92% using hydrochloric acid 0.01 M and CV regeneration percent was 95% using 0.5 M potassium chloride prepared in the mixture ethanol/water (0.5%/0.5%). From the obtained results, hybrid activated bentonite/alginate composites are low-cost, effective and regenerable adsorbent, which give a promising prospect for contaminated wastewaters treatment.
Biological assessment of new tetrahydroacridine derivatives with fluorobenzoic moiety in vitro on A549 and HT-29 cell lines and in vivo on animal model
Authors: Kłosiński Karol , Girek Małgorzata , Czarnecka Kamila , Pasieka Zbigniew , Skibiński Robert , Szymański Paweł 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new series of tetrahydroacridine derivatives with the fluorobenzoyl moiety was synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cell lines A549 and colorectal cancer HT29. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds was compared on the somatic cell line—EAhy926. Compounds showed high cytotoxic activity on A549 cells (IC50 183.26–68.07 μM) and HT29 cells (IC50 68.41–19.70 μM), higher than controls—etoposide (IC50 451.47 μM) toward A549 and 5-fluorouracil (IC50 1626.85 μM) against HT29. Derivative 4 was the most cytotoxic to A549, whereas for the cell lines HT29 compound 6. Selected compounds showed similar cytotoxicity to the EAhy926 cell line (IC50 about 50 μM). In the hyaluronidase inhibition assay, all compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, including 4 exhibiting the best inhibitory activity—IC50 of 52.27 μM when the IC50 heparin was 56.41 μM. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine LD50 after intraperitoneal, oral, intravenous and subcutaneous administration and to predict potential mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the compounds analyzed. Obtained results showed that tested derivatives are slightly toxic compounds, and LD50 values (mg/kg) ranged from 680 to 1200 (oral rat model), the analyzed compounds have low mutagenic potential, and differences between derivatives are insignificant and very low probability of carcinogenicity. To confirm mathematical calculations, an in vivo test was carried out on a laboratory mouse model for two selected compounds. It allowed to qualify compounds: 6 to category 4 of the GHS scale, and 4 to category 3 of the GHS scale.
The Challenge of Maintaining Metabolic Health During a Global Pandemic
Authors: King Andy J. , Burke Louise M. , Halson Shona L. , Hawley John A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ongoing global pandemic brought on by the spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is having profound effects on human health and well-being. With no viable vaccine presently available and the virus being rapidly transmitted, governments and national health authorities have acted swiftly, recommending ‘lockdown’ policies and/or various levels of social restriction/isolation to attenuate the rate of infection. An immediate consequence of these strategies is reduced exposure to daylight, which can result in marked changes in patterns of daily living such as the timing of meals, and sleep. These disruptions to circadian biology have severe cardiometabolic health consequences for susceptible individuals. We discuss the consequences of reductions in patterns of daily physical activity and the resulting energy imbalance induced by periods of isolation, along with several home-based strategies to maintain cardiometabolic health in the forthcoming months.
Emergency laparotomy in the older patient: factors predictive of 12-month mortality—Salford-POPS-GS. An observational study
Authors: Vilches-Moraga Arturo , Rowley Mollie , Fox Jenny , Khan Haroon , Paracha Areej , Price Angeline , Pearce Lyndsay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Although high rates of in-hospital mortality have been described in older patients undergoing emergency laparotomy (EL), less is known about longer-term outcomes in this population. We describe factors present at the time of hospital admission that influence 12-month survival in older patients.

Methods
Observational study of patients aged 75 years and over, who underwent EL at our hospital between 8th September 2014 and 30th March 2017.

Results
113 patients were included. Average age was 81.9 ± 4.7 years, female predominance (60/113), 3 (2.6%) lived in a care home, 103 (91.2%) and 79 (69.1%) were independent of personal and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs) and 8 (7.1%) had cognitive impairment. Median length of stay was 16 days ± 29.9 (0–269); in-hospital mortality 22.1% (25/113), post-operative 30-day, 90-day and 12-month mortality rates 19.5% (22), 24.8% (28) and 38.9% (44). 30-day and 12-month readmission rates 5.7% (5/88) and 40.9% (36). 12-month readmission was higher in frail patients, using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score (64% 5–8 vs 31.7% 1–4, p = 0.006). Dependency for personal ADLs (6/10 (60%) dependent vs. 38/103 (36.8%) independent, p = 0.119) and cognitive impairment (5/8 (62.5%) impaired vs. 39/105 (37.1%) no impairment, p = 0.116) showed a trend towards higher 12-month mortality. On multivariate analysis, 12-month mortality was strongly associated with CFS 5–9 (HR 5.0403 (95% CI 1.719–16.982) and ASA classes III–V (HR 2.704 95% CI 1.032–7.081).

Conclusion
Frailty and high ASA class predict increased mortality at 12 months after emergency laparotomy. We advocate early engagement of multi-professional teams experienced in perioperative care of older patients.