bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rats remember: Lack of drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia for auditory fear memories
Authors: Luyten Laura , Schnell Anna Elisabeth , Schroyens Natalie , Beckers Tom 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen retrieved under specific circumstances, consolidated fear memories are thought to return to a labile state, thereby opening a window for modification (e.g., attenuation) of the memory. Several interventions during a critical time frame after this destabilization seem to be able to alter the retrieved memory, for example through pharmacological interference with the restabilization process, either by direct protein synthesis inhibition or indirectly, using drugs that can be safely administered in patients (e.g., propranolol).In a series of well-powered auditory fear conditioning experiments (four with propranolol, 10 mg/kg, two with rapamycin, 20-40 mg/kg, one with anisomycin, 150 mg/kg and cycloheximide, 1.5 mg/kg), we found no evidence for reduced cued fear memory expression during a drug-free test in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats that had previously received a systemic drug injection upon retrieval of the tone fear memory. All experiments used standard fear conditioning and reactivation procedures with freezing as the behavioral read-out (conceptual or exact replications of published reports) and common pharmacological agents. Additional tests confirmed that the applied drug doses and administration routes were effective in inducing their conventional effects on expression of fear (propranolol, acutely), body weight (rapamycin, anisomycin, cycloheximide) and consolidation of extinction memories (cycloheximide).Thus, in contrast with most published studies, we did not find evidence for drug-induced post-retrieval amnesia, underlining that this effect, as well as its clinical applicability, may be considerably more constrained and less readily reproduced than what the current literature would suggest.HighlightsWe aimed to replicate post-retrieval amnesia for auditory fear memories in ratsWe performed a series of well-powered pharmacological interference experimentsPropranolol, rapamycin, anisomycin or cycloheximide was injected upon retrievalBayesian stats found substantial evidence for the absence of post-retrieval amnesiaThe effect is less reproducible and generalizable than what the literature suggests
NREM sleep stages specifically alter dynamical integration of large-scale brain networks
Authors: Tarun Anjali , Wainstein-Andriano Danyal , Sterpenich Virginie , Bayer Laurence , Perogamvros Lampros , Solms Mark , Axmacher Nikolai , Schwartz Sophie , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFunctional dissociations in the brain observed during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep have been mainly associated with reduced information integration and impaired consciousness that accompany increasing sleep depth. Most of the studies that evaluated this relation have mostly been focused onspatialalterations of brain networks across various vigilance states. Here, we explored thedynamicalproperties of large-scale functional brain networks derived fromtransientsor moments of activity changes in fMRI using two complementary studies of simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings of sleep. Our results revealed distinct alterations in the individual network’s dynamical characteristics across wakefulness and NREM sleep. Positive activations of visual-sensory areas simultaneously deactivate focal subcortical regions known to be involved with arousal regulation. The cerebellum is also found to dissociate into posterior and anterior regions, with the former being predominantly present during wakefulness than in the deep sleep. Most surprisingly, we found that global network activity and pair-wise network interactions increased significantly in NREM stage 2 before an abrupt loss of communication is observed in NREM stage 3. Thus, by providing a spatiotemporal and more accurate network-level representation of brain organization, we were able to capture new features of information integration of consciousness during sleep, and provide concrete evidence for the presence of unstable yet distributed global synchronization in NREM stage 2.
Using Metacognitive Strategies to Improve Academic Performance in Biochemistry
Authors: Miller Heather B. , Srougi Melissa C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that students’ self-beliefs about the ability to alter their academic abilities can directly influence long-term achievement. These self-beliefs or mindsets can either be fixed (unchangeable) or growth oriented. Students with growth mindsets believe their academic abilities can change, which leads to higher grades and academic persistence in contrast to students with fixed mindsets. However, less is known about how these attributes affect student learning, particularly in college level biochemistry courses. In this study, we utilized social-psychological interventions to promote growth mindset among third and fourth year undergraduate students enrolled in a one semester Biochemistry survey course. Using a mixed-methods study design we evaluated student mindset, attitudes towards learning, and academic performance over four semesters. Our results suggest that although students’ mindsets did not change as a result of metacognitive interventions, their positive perceptions about learning vs performance did increase. Furthermore, students receiving growth mindset interventions significantly outperformed students who did not receive interventions on the final cumulative exam that assessed critical thinking skills. These results suggest that metacognitive interventions can be an effective tool to improve student academic performance in a biochemistry course.
How employers are rising to the 20% challenge: increasing the uptake of degree apprentices from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds
Authors: Mutlib Isa 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper outlines the UK Government's move to increase the numbers of apprentices. It explores how employers are looking to increase take up of apprenticeships with focus on Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities, the solutions they have identified and the role of higher education institutions (HEIs).Design/methodology/approachThis is the viewpoint of the BAME Apprenticeship Alliance and its Director through engaging with BAME apprentices and collecting a variety of research to show the benefit of recruiting from BAME backgrounds for individuals and organisations. Examples of good practices are included.FindingsThis paper shows there has been an increased effort from UK Government to increase apprenticeship representation from BAME communities. The UK Government has supported the role of apprentices in raising awareness of apprenticeships through recognition of their work.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to the last five years from when the first degree apprenticeship was announced in 2015. Its real impact must be measured after a degree apprentice graduates finding what influence this has on job role, salary and subsequently promoting it to prospective apprentices from under-represented communities.Practical implicationsPractical implications include promoting apprentices as role models for the community and engaging with regional and stakeholder networks between HEIs, employers and the Government to share best practice.Originality/valueInitiatives mentioned within this paper are original to the BAME Apprenticeship Alliance.
Loaded with knowledge, yet green with envy: leader–member exchange comparison and coworkers-directed knowledge hiding behavior
Authors: Weng Qingxiong , Latif Kashmala , Khan Abdul Karim , Tariq Hussain , Butt Hirra Pervez , Obaid Asfia , Sarwar Naukhez 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study aims to explore an interpersonal predictor of coworkers-directed knowledge hiding behavior – the leader–member exchange social comparison (LMXSC). This study integrates leader–member exchange literature with social comparison theory to hypothesize that an individual’s upward LMXSC is positively correlated with coworkers-directed knowledge hiding and that an individual’s feelings of envy are mediated by the relationship between upward LMXSC and coworkers-directed knowledge hiding behavior. Also, this study proposes two-way and three-way interaction patterns of goal interdependence, which can influence LMXSC–envy relationships.Design/methodology/approachTwo independent studies are conducted to test the hypothesized relationships. In Study 1, the authors collected multi-wave data from a large public sector university in China (N = 1,131). The authors then replicated the Study 1 findings by collecting multi-source and multi-wave data from a telecom company based in China (n = 379).FindingsThe authors found support across both studies for the idea that upward LMXSC is a possible interpersonal predictor of coworkers-directed knowledge hiding behavior. More specifically, it was found that feelings of envy ensue from upward LMXSC, resulting in further coworkers-directed knowledge hiding behavior. Further, this study shows that the influence of upward LMXSC on knowledge hiding behavior via feelings of envy was weaker (stronger) when employees have high (low) cooperative goal interdependence with coworkers, respectively, and when employees have low (high) competitive goal interdependence with the coworkers, respectively.Originality/valueThis study extends current knowledge management literature by introducing LMXSC as an interpersonal predictor of coworkers-directed knowledge hiding behavior. This will help practitioners to curb such counterproductive behavior.
Information technology-enabled explorative learning and competitive performance in industrial service SMEs: a configurational analysis
Authors: Raymond Louis , Bergeron François , Croteau Anne-Marie , Ortiz de Guinea Ana , Uwizeyemungu Sylvestre 
Published: July 2020

PurposeAs purveyors of knowledge-based and high value-added services to the manufacturing sector, industrial service small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) must develop the information technology (IT) capabilities that, in combination with other non-IT capabilities, enable their capacity for organizational learning (OL) and for explorative learning in particular. In this context, this study aims to identify the different causal configurations that account for the nonlinear complex interplay of IT capabilities for exploration and strategic capabilities for explorative learning as they affect these firms’ competitive performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data obtained from 92 industrial service SMEs were analyzed with a configurational approach, using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).FindingsAs it allows for equifinality, the fsQCA analysis identified two sets of causal configurations that characterize the sampled firms’ explorative learning capability as it relates to competitive performance. In the first set, two configurations were equally associated with high innovation performance, whereas in the second set, four configurations were equally associated with high productivity.Originality/valueBy viewing explorative learning as a dynamic capability that is enabled by the firm’s IT and strategic capabilities, the study contributes to OL theory by providing a more concrete or “operational” grounding, which allows for a greater practical applicability of this theory. By taking both the configurational and capability-based views of the OL-IT-performance causal framework, the authors provide an empirical basis for unraveling, explaining and understanding the complex non-linear relationships embedded within this framework.
High‐involvement HRM, job satisfaction and productivity: A two wave longitudinal study of a Spanish retail company
Authors: Garmendia Alaine , Elorza Unai , Aritzeta Aitor , Madinabeitia‐Olabarria Damian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe strategic human resource management literature lacks longitudinal studies, and the causal associations between human resource management (HRM) and organisational performance (OP) remain underexplored. We tested cross‐lagged relationships between high‐involvement work systems (HIWS), job satisfaction, and store productivity based on a large longitudinal dataset from the retail sector comprising two waves of data. The first wave (2011) included 6,016 employee responses from 104 stores, and the second wave (2015) included 5,842 employee responses from 94 stores. The quantitative study suggested counterintuitive negative associations. A subsequent qualitative study indicated that the association may have been conditioned by the recessionary action taken by the company in response to financial difficulties. The longitudinal research design, the compilation of data during difficult economic situations, and in a relatively unexplored sector such as the retail industry help to shed some light on the universalism of the HRM‐OP relationship and its boundary conditions.
Red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Optimization of drying conditions and preparation of functional bread
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Kaur Kamaljit , Wagh Rajesh V. , Kaur Amarjeet , Aggarwal Poonam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to optimize the drying conditions (pretreatments and drying temperatures) of red bell pepper to obtain red bell pepper powder (RBP) with maximum bioactive retention and assess its potential use as a functional ingredient in bread. The RBP pretreated (blanching + dipping in ascorbic and citric acid solution) and dried at 60 °C retained the highest bioactive compounds. Wheat flour blends were prepared with RBP at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% level of incorporation and among hydration properties, water absorption increased with increasing levels. The prepared breads were assayed for physical, nutritional, bioactive, and sensory characteristics. Bread supplementation with RBP improves its color, mineral, fiber, and bioactive properties. However, the texture of bread becomes hard with the increased level of RBP due to a decrease in specific volume. The significant increment was recorded for bioactive compounds, such as total phenols, antioxidant activity, flavonoids, and carotenoids as the level of powder increased. Bread enriched with 6% RBP showed highest sensory scores (8.45) and index of acceptability (87.83%) as compared to other breads. Thus, RBP acts as a valuable supplement for developing bread with improved nutritional and bioactive constituents.Practical ApplicationThis study describes the effect of different pretreatments and drying temperatures for processing of RBP as a functional ingredient in bread, being a staple food around the world. RBP powder is a novel ingredient that improved the nutritional, bioactive, and appearance of bread. Hence, it will be helpful in the utilization of perishable crops like bell pepper and will demonstrate its commercial viability to improve the nutritive value of bakery products.
Outcomes and factors associated with early mortality in pediatric postcardiotomy veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Jin Yu , Feng Zhengyi , Zhao Ju , Hu Jinxiao , Tong Yuanyuan , Guo Shengwen , Zhang Peiyao , Bai Liting , Li Yixuan , Liu Jinping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMortality and morbidity of children received veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) support after cardiac surgery remain high despite remarkable advances in medical management and devices. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes and risk factors of applying VA‐ECMO in the surgical pediatric population. We retrospectively analyzed 85 consecutive pediatric patients (aged <18 years) who received postcardiotomy VA‐ECMO from January 2010 to December 2018. Median (IQR) age at ECMO implantation in this cohort was 12.7 (6.4, 43.2) months, median weight was 8.5 (6.0, 12.8) kg, mean ECMO duration was 143.2 ± 81.6 hours and mean hospital length of stay was 48.4 ± 32.4 days. Seventy‐five patients (88.2%) were indicated for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock. The successful ECMO weaning rate was 70.6% and in‐hospital mortality was 52.9%. The most common diagnosis was transposition of great arteries (n = 18, 21.2%), while acute kidney injury occurred most often (n = 64, 75.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, and nosocomial infection were positively correlated with in‐hospital mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis presented that thrombocytopenia significantly increased the 180‐day mortality in patients with successful weaning. Therefore, multiple factors had adverse effects on prognosis. Patient selection and procedures from ECMO implantation to weaning need to be closely monitored and performed in a timely manner to improve outcome.
Anaesthesia of hatchling green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) with intramuscular ketamine‐medetomidine‐tramadol
Authors: Scheelings TF , Gatto C , Reina RD 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo characterise intramuscular ketamine‐medetomidine‐tramadol anaesthesia in hatchling green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas).Study designProspective clinical trial.AnimalsTen hatchling green sea turtles.Materials and methodsPrior to anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary parameters, cloacal temperature, and venous blood gas and biochemistry were obtained from hatchling green sea turtles while they were being gently restrained. Animals were then anaesthetised with ketamine (5 mg kg−1), medetomidine (0.05 mg kg−1) and tramadol (5 mg kg−1) via intramuscular injection. Turtles were checked for the depth of anaesthesia at five‐min intervals by recording reflexes (righting, palpebral, pinch, cloacal) and measuring heart rate, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature. After 20 min, a second venous blood sample was obtained for further blood gas and biochemical analysis and the medetomidine was antagonised using atipamezole (5:1 medetomidine, 0.25 mg kg−1).ResultsAll turtles were successfully anaesthetised with a mean time to induction of 3.4 min (±1). In all animals, a loss of reflexes (except for palpebral reflex) and voluntary movement was observed for the entire 20 min. Anaesthesia resulted in marked apnoea for the duration of the procedure. Venous blood gas and biochemistry analysis indicated that a 20 min period of apnoea had no measurable effects on venous blood gas results. All turtles recovered uneventfully after atipamazole antagonisation, with a mean time to first breath 4.5 min (±3.7), and mean recovery time 15.5 min (±15.4).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntramuscular ketamine‐medetomidine‐tramadol, antagonised with atipamazole appears to be an effective anaesthetic protocol in hatchling green sea turtles for short procedures with no deleterious effects on venous blood gases or biochemistry.
A probabilistic interpretation of the constant gain learning algorithm
Authors: Berardi Michele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel interpretation of the constant gain learning algorithm through a probabilistic setting with Bayesian updating. The underlying process for the variable being estimated is not specified a priori through a parametric model, and only its probabilistic structure is defined. Such framework allows to understand the gain coefficient in the learning algorithm in terms of the probability of changes in the estimated variable. On the basis of this framework, I assess the range of values commonly used in the macroeconomic empirical literature in terms of the implied probabilities of changes in the estimated variables.
Tackling COVID‐19 infection through complement‐targeted immunotherapy
Authors: Jodele Sonata , Köhl Jörg 
Published: July 2020

The complement system is an ancient part of innate immunity sensing highly pathogenic coronaviruses by mannan‐binding lectin (MBL) resulting in lectin pathway activation and subsequent generation of the anaphylatoxins (ATs) C3a and C5a as important effector molecules. Complement deposition on endothelial cells and high blood C5a serum levels have been reported in COVID‐19 patients with severe illness, suggesting vigorous complement activation leading to systemic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Complement regulator gene variants prevalent in African‐Americans have been associated with a higher risk for severe TMA and multi‐organ injury. Strikingly, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected African‐Americans suffer from high mortality. These findings allow us to apply our knowledge from other complement‐mediated diseases to COVID‐19 infection to better understand severe disease pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the multiple aspects of complement activation, regulation, crosstalk with other parts of the immune system, and the options to target complement in COVID‐19 patients to halt disease progression and death.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Canonical and non‐canonical functions of the complement system in health and disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.14/issuetoc
The effect of scanner type and scan body position on the accuracy of complete‐arch digital implant scans
Authors: Çakmak Gülce , Yilmaz Hakan , Treviño Alejandro , Kökat Ali Murat , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHow the accuracy of complete‐arch implant scans is affected when different intraoral scanners (IOSs) are used and the effect of scan body position on the accuracy are not well‐known.PurposeTo compare the scan accuracy (trueness and precision) of a recently introduced IOS (Virtuo Vivo) to a commonly used IOS (TRIOS 3) and the scans of a laboratory scanner (LBS; Cares 7 SERIES) in a completely edentulous maxilla with four implants. It was also aimed to evaluate the effect of scan body position on the accuracy.Materials and MethodsMulti‐unit scan bodies were tightened on a poly(methyl methacrylate) edentulous maxillary model with four implants. A master reference model (MRM) stereolithography (STL) file was generated by scanning the model with a high‐precision scanner. The model was scanned with three different scanners (n = 10); two different IOSs and a LBS. STL files were superimposed over the MRM.ResultsFor trueness, scan body position (P = .004) and scanner type (P < .001) had a significant effect on distance deviation and a significant interaction was found (P = .001). For angular deviation, only scanner type had a significant effect (P = .028). For precision, significant difference was found for distance (P = .011) and angular deviations (P = .020) between different scanner types.ConclusionsOne scanner type was not superior to others when both trueness and precision were considered. Position of the scan body affected the distance deviation (trueness).
Exploring the limits of saving a subspecies: The ethics and social dynamics of restoring northern white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum cottoni)
Authors: Ryder Oliver A. , Friese Carrie , Greely Henry T. , Sandler Ronald , Saragusty Joseph , Durrant Barbara S. , Redford Kent H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe northern white rhino (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) is functionally extinct with only two females left alive. However, cryopreserved material from a number of individuals represents the potential to produce additional individuals using advanced reproductive and genetic rescue technologies and perhaps eventually a population to return to their native range. If this could and were done, how should it be done responsibly and thoughtfully. What issues and questions of a technical, bioethical, and societal nature will it raise that need to be anticipated and addressed? Such issues are explored in this article by an interdisciplinary team assembled to provide context to the northern white rhino project of the San Diego Zoo Global.