bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic events interference on maize morphological and productive attributes
Authors: Teles de Souza Laís , Andrade Rezende Pereira José Luiz , Maciel de Oliveira Silas 
Published: December 2019

Genetically modified plants have high potential for use and benefits; they are dynamic and tend to enable more sustainable agricultural management alternatives as scientific and technical information are applied. However, little is known about the effects of genetic modifications to induce resistance to herbicides and insect attacks on agronomic characteristics of maize plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of transgenic events on morphological and productive characteristics of maize hybrids. A field experiment was conducted in two crop seasons, using conventional and transgenic isogenic hybrids. The variables analyzed were plant height, ear height, stem diameter, and grain yield. The genetic modifications used in the evaluated transgenic hybrids affected the morphological and productive characteristics of the maize plants. The transgenic hybrids presented 5% higher plant height and 10% higher grain yield than the conventional hybrids.
Necessity of the inclusion of borders in value of cultivation and use trials in upland rice
Authors: De Mattos Marcelo Eduardo Forni , Silva Botelho Flávia Barbosa , Vilella Gabriel Mendes , Castro Douglas Goulart , Melo Bruno Manoel Rezende , Da Silva Tácio Peres 
Published: December 2019

Experimental accuracy in crop research is directly affected by the size of plots. For this reason, researchers use empirical knowledge to determine plot size. There are also other important aspects for determining ideal plot size. These include the type of crop and the use, or not, of borders. The objective of this research was to verify the necessity of including border material in the value of cultivation and use trials in breeding programs of upland rice and to evaluate the experimental accuracy with and without the inclusion of borders. The research was conducted in an experimental area at the Federal University of Lavras, located in the State of Minas Gerais, during three harvests (2014/2015, 2015/2016, 2016/2017). Thirteen upland rice strains and methods of evaluation (useful area and border) were evaluated. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to evaluate grain yield. Individual analyses of variance were performed considering the useful areas and the borders for the three agricultural years. A joint analysis was also performed with the use of a subdivided plot involving the location of the harvest in terms of the useful area and border among the rice strains. It was concluded it is necessary to use borders in the value of cultivation and use trials in breeding programs of upland rice as it contributes to the performance and experimental accuracy of research results.
Comparison of supervised classifiers in the discrimin ation of preservation areas in a hydroelectric reservoir
Authors: Soares Jefferson Francisco , Ramirez Gláucia Miranda , Carvalho Mirléia Aparecida de , Alves Marcelo de Carvalho , Sarmiento Christiany Mattioli , Marin Diego Bedin 
Published: December 2019

The maintenance of riparian forests is considered one of the main vegetative practices for mitigating the degradation of water resources and is mandatory by law. However, in Brazil there is still a progressive and constant decharacterization of these areas. Facing this reality, it is necessary to broaden researches that identify the occurring changes and provide efficient solutions at a fast pace and low cost. Remote sensing techniques show great application potential in characterizing natural resources. The objective of this work was to map, to characterize the land use and occupation and to verify the best method of high spatial resolution image classification of the Permanent Preservation Areas of the Funil Hydroelectric Power Plant reservoir, located between the municipalities of Lavras, Perdões, Bom Sucesso, Ibituruna, Ijací and Itumirim, in the state of Minas Gerais. The methods used to classify the high spatial resolution image from the Quickbird satellite were visual, object-oriented and pixel-by-pixel. Results showed the best method for mapping land use and occupation of the study area was object-oriented classification using the K-nearest neighbor algorithm, with kappa coefficient of 0.88 and global accuracy of 91.40%.
ASSESSING PROFITABILITY AND GROWTH OF INSURANCE SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA: USING FINANCIALS AND TANGIBLES
Authors: Ali Anis , Rumzi Tausif Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

The purpose: The purpose of this study to find out the contribution of internal (financial) and external (tangible & human resource) factors of growth and development of the Saudi insurance sector and facilitate suggestions.
Methodology: The study considers financial data of insurance companies of Saudi Arabia for the period 2013 to 2017for internal analysis while data from 2010 to 2015 for external analysis. Trend indices (chain based index numbers & fixed base index numbers) from financial statements and insurance establishments and human resources of the insurance industry are prepared to know the internal and external factors responsible for growth and development. The averages of trend indices are obtained to get the results of the analysis.
Findings: The study finds that there is negativity in operational efficiency. It also finds that the internal liabilities or shareholders’ equities are decreasing continuously. Also, establishments engaged in insurance activities are not enough to cover all prospective customers.
Implications: The finding implies that the increase in revenues is not enough. The findings also imply a weak long term paying ability towards this the study recommends further investment in profitable options like securities and avoid excess liquidity and increase insurance penetration.
Novelty: This study is one of the few that assesses the performance of the insurance sector of Saudi Arabia. In the process, it performs internal analysis using operational and financial factors; and an external analysis using tangibles and intangibles.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TEBAL PELAT WELDING REPAIR PADA KEMUDI KAPAL (RUDDER) TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS MANUVER KAPAL DENGAN
Authors: Anggra Fiveriati , Yeddid Darma Yonathan Eka , Vinda Puspasari 
Published: December 2019

Ship maneuverability is the ability of the ship to rotate and change direction in all conditions of the water when the rudder (steering) turns to form a certain angle; there is a change in pressure, speed and direction of fluid flow, this causes changes in the course of the ship. Corals that produce the rudder of the vessel to crack or break because of the impact of the rock at that time the rudder needs a repair.
Repair on the rudder of the ship is usually carried out on the leaves and sticks of steering, one of the repairs processes is by welding, but if the rudder undergoes a reparation process many times, it will cause changes in metallurgical material due to excessive heat treatment. In the process of repairing the rudder, the new plate used to improve the maximum is 1 mm with an old plate, and the rear side of the rudder experiences a higher load because in this part the flow distribution is stacked from the front of the rudder. The results of this study are repaired rudder experiencing an increase of 16% -18% drag and lift force, the faster the ship runs, the higher the drag and lift force so that the resistance is also greater
Keywords: Rudder, Maneuver, Repair
Campaña de sensibilización ciudadana en Seguridad del Paciente: Modelo de Plan de Comunicación = Citizen awareness campaign on Patient Safety: Communication Plan Model
Authors: Rodríguez Bilbao Emilio , Añel Rodríguez Rosa María 
Published: December 2019

Resumen: La información, como mecanismo de sensibilización, despierta nuestro interés hacia algo que hasta el momento ha podido pasar desapercibido. Tomamos conciencia y queremos saber más sobre ello. A su vez, un mayor nivel de conocimiento promueve un cambio de opinión y puede que también un cambio de actitud y de comportamiento. Pero no es fácil “hacer llegar” la información. Seleccionar bien los mensajes, adecuarlos a las características de cada target, y utilizar canales “a la medida” del público diana son factores clave para el desarrollo eficiente de las acciones de comunicación. Hemos aplicado los mecanismos que utilizan las empresas e instituciones no sanitarias para posicionar sus productos en el mercado. No inventamos nada, simplemente demostramos que el “producto salud” se puede “vender” utilizando los mismo recursos de comunicación del producto de consumo más convencional. Describimos el plan de comunicación utilizado para la Campaña de sensibilización ciudadana en Seguridad del Paciente, una experiencia de comunicación en salud extrapolable a cualquier área de conocimiento. Proponemos un Modelo de Plan de Comunicación válido para su aplicación en cualquier ámbito de la esfera pública: educativo, cívico, socio-sanitario, etc. Palabras clave: Comunicación en salud; Educación sanitaria; Publicidad; Estrategias; Impacto; Medios de comunicación; Participación de la comunidad; Salud Pública.Abstract : The information, as a mechanism of awareness, awakens our interest towards something that until now could have gone unnoticed. We become aware and we want to know more about it. In turn, a higher level of knowledge promotes a change of opinion and may also a change in attitude and behavior. But it is not easy to "get the information". Selecting the properly messages, adapting them to the characteristics of each target, and using channels "tailored" to the target audience are key factors for the efficient development of communication actions. We have applied the mechanisms used by companies and non-health institutions to position their products in the market. We do not invent anything, we simply show that the "health product" can be "sold" using the same communication resources of the most conventional consumer product. We describe the communication plan used for the Citizen Awareness Campaign on Patient Safety, a communication experience in health that can be extrapolated to any area of knowledge. We propose a valid Communication Plan Model for its application in any area of the public sphere: educational, civic, socio-sanitary, etc.Keywords: Health communication; Health education; Advertising; Strategies; Impact; Communications media; Community participation; Public Health.
Treatment of Femur Neck Fracture in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Morcos Mina W. , Hamdy Reggie C. , Fassier Francois , Saran Neil 
Published: December 2019

Case:
We present 2 cases of femoral neck fracture (FNF) in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) with a previously placed intramedullary nail (IMN). Case 1: A 12-year-old girl who sustained a right FNF after spine surgery. Case 2: An 18-year-old boy who sustained a right FNF after IMN of the left side. Both patients underwent our modified surgical technique as described below. Both patients recovered well overall.

Conclusions:
FNF in patients with OI poses a significant challenge especially in the presence of an IMN. Here, we describe a surgical technique that provides stable fixation with a less stress riser effect by bypassing the screws and a previously placed nail.
Effect of Hole Extraction from the Base Region of a Silicon <i>p–n–p</i> Transistor on its Reactive Impedance
Authors: Gorbachuk N. I. , Poklonski N. A. , Marochkina Ya. N. , Shpakovski S. V. 
Published: December 2019

Transistor structures are the basic elements of integrated circuitry and are often used to create not only transistors themselves, but also diodes, resistors, and capacitors. Determining the mechanism of the occurrence of inductive type impedance in semiconductor structures is an urgent task, the solution of which will create the prerequisites for the development of solid-state analogs of inductors. The purpose of the work is to establish the effect of extraction of non-equilibrium charge carriers from the base region on the reactive impedance of a bipolar p–n–p transistor.Using impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 20 Hz–30 MHz, the structures based on p–n–p transistors KT814G manufactured by JSC “INTEGRAL” were studied. It is shown that in the transistor structures it is possible to observe the “effect of negative capacitance” (inductive type impedance). It is established that the most probable cause of the inductive type impedance is the accumulation of uncompensated charge of holes in the base, the value of inductive impedance is influenced by both the injection efficiency in the base–emitter junction and the extraction efficiency in the base–collector junction.The results can be applied in the elaboration of technologies for the formation of elements of silicon based integrated circuits with an impedance of inductive type.
Effect of low dose naloxone on the immune system function of a patient undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of lung cancer with sufentanil controlled analgesia — a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Yun Lin , Zhuang Miao , Yue Wu , Fangfang Ge , Qingping Wen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Perioperative immune function plays an important role in the prognosis of patients. Several studies have indicated that low-dose opioid receptor blockers can improve immune function.
Methods: Sixty-nine patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of the lung cancer were randomly assigned to either the naloxone group (n=35) or the non-naloxone group (n=34) for postoperative analgesia during the first 48 hours after the operation. Both groups received sufentanil and palonosetron via postoperative analgesia pump, while 0.05μg·kg-1·h-1 naloxone was added in naloxone group. The primary outcomes were the level of opioid growth factor（OGF）and immune function assessed by natural killer cells and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio. Second outcomes were assessed by the intensity of postoperative pain, postoperative rescue analgesia dose, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
Results: The level of OGF in the naloxone group increased significantly at 24 hours (p＜0.001) and 48 hours after the operation (P<0.01). The natural killer cells (P<0.05) and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio (P<0.01) in the naloxone group increased significantly at 48 hours after the operation. The rest VAS scores were better with naloxone at 12 and 24 hours after operation（P<0.05）, and the coughing VAS scores were better with naloxone at 48 hours after the operation（P<0.05). The consumption of postoperative rescue analgesics in the naloxone group was lower (0.00（0.00-0.00）vs 25.00（0.00-62.50）），P<0.05). Postoperative nausea scores at 24 hours after operation decreased in naloxone group（0.00 (0.00-0.00) vs 1.00 (0.00-2.00), P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Infusion of 0.05μg·kg-1·h-1 naloxone for patients undergoing sufentanil-controlled analgesia for postoperative pain can significantly increase the level of OGF, natural killer cells, and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio compared with non-naloxone group，and postoperative pain intensity, request for rescue analgesics, and opioid-related side effects can also be reduced.
Trial registration: The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on January 26, 2019（ChiCTR1900021043）.
Keywords: Low-dose naloxone, Opioid growth factor, Immune function, Postoperative pain, nausea, vomiting
Non breathing-related sleep fragmentation and imaging markers in patients with atherosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD): a cross-sectional case-control study
Authors: wang jihui , Chen Xiaodong , Liao Jinchi , Zhou Li , Han Hongying , Tao Jiong , Lu Zhengqi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective : Sleep fragmentation was shown to be positively associated with cognitive impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD); however, the underlying mechanisms are not well characterized. In this study, we sought to clarify this issue by investigating the relationship between non breathing-related sleep fragmentation and brain imaging markers in patients with CSVD.
Methods : Eighty-four CSVD patients and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent 3.0 T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging and overnight polysomnography. Polysomnography parameters including sleep onset latency (SOL), total sleep time (TST); sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), percentage of each sleep stage (N1, N2, N3 and rapid eye movement [REM]), arousal index (ArI), periodic limb movement in sleep index (PLSMI) and periodic limb movement related arousal index (PLMAI) were compared between CSVD patients and healthy controls. The relationship between arousal index and CSVD markers was explored in the CSVD group.
Results : On polysomnography, CSVD patients showed significantly higher ArI, WASO, PLSMI, and PLMAI, and lower sleep efficiency and N-3 ratio compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.05). On ordinal logistic regression, higher ArI showed a positive association with the severity of periventricular white matter hyperintensity (odds ratio [OR] 1.121, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.138–2.185) and perivascular space (OR 2.108, 95% CI 1.032–4.017) in CSVD patients, after adjusting for potential confounding variables.
Conclusions : These preliminary results indicate that non breathing-related sleep fragmentation is common and related to the pathological markers of CSVD patients. Future prospective research is required to determine the causal relationship between sleep parameters and CSVD pathology.
Protocol for a developmental landscape of 3D-cultured human pre-gastrulation embryos
Authors: Xiang Lifeng , Yin Yu , Li Tianqing 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Human embryogenesis is not well understood. Knowledge detailing human pre-gastrulation embryonic development including spatial self-organization and cell type ontogeny remains limited by available two-dimensional technological platforms. Here, we present a three-dimensional (3D) blastocyst-culture system, which enables human blastocyst development through primitive streak anlage (PSA). By the 3D-platform combined with immunofluorescence imaging and single-cell RNA-Seq, we reveal a developmental landscape of human pre-gastrulation embryos. Our protocol allows recording and analysis of embryo developmental landmarks and mechanisms from human blastocysts to pre-gastrulation stage (day 14 post- fertilization).
Multicenter Study Of Plastic Vs. Self-expanding Metal Stents In Endoscopic Ultrasound-drainage Of Walled-off Pancreatic Necrosis – Prometheus: A Randomised Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: gornals joan b , Perez-Miranda Manuel , Vazquez-Sequeiros Enrique , Vila Juan , Esteban Jose M , Gonzalez-Huix Ferran , Guarner-Argente Carlos , Sanchez-Yague Andres , Teran Alvaro , Bas-Cutrina Francesc , Serna Carlos De La , De Paredes Ana Garcia Garcia , Ballester Raquel , Velasquez-Rodriguez Julio , Salord Silvia , Tebe Cristian , Hereu Pilar , Videla Sebastia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: It seems that the appearance of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS), are displacing the role of plastic stents in the therapy of pancreatic fluid collection as walled-off necrosis (WON). To date there is no quality of evidence to recommend LAMS as the standard treatment in management of WON. The theoretical benefit of LAMS over PLASTIC stents, need to be proved. Methods/design: This is a multicenter prospective study, superiority, randomized controlled clinical trial by parallel groups, without masking. One hundred fourteen patients with WON will be Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided transmural drained in 9 tertiary hospitals in Spain and will be randomized to the LAMS or PLASTIC stent group. The primary endpoint is to assess the short-term (4 weeks) clinical success determined by the reduction of the collection (to <50% or < 5cm in size), along with clinical improvement. Secondary endpoints: the long-term (4 months) clinical success (total resolution or 5cm); the procedure’s duration, the level of difficulty, safety and recurrences. Discussion: The PROMETHEUS trial has been designed to response if LAMS are superior over PLASTIC stents in the EUS-guided transmural drainage of WON. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03100578. Registered on April 4, 2017. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/home
Prevalence of Myopia and Vision Impairment in School Students in Eastern China
Authors: wang jianyong , Ying Gui-shuang , Fu Xiaojin , Zhang Ronghua , Meng Jia , Gu Fang , Li Juanjuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background : Prevention of myopia has become a public health priority in China. This study is to investigate the prevalence of myopia and vision impairment, and their associated factors in school students in eastern China.
Method: In this cross-sectional school-based study of 4804 students from 18 schools ranging from kindergarten to high school, students underwent refraction using non-cycloplegic autorefractor and visual acuity testing using logMAR chart with tumbling E. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SPHE) ≤ -0.5 diopter (D) and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 20/25 or worse. High myopia was defined as SPHE ≤ -6.0 D and UCVA 20/25 or worse. Vision impairment was defined as UCVA 20/40 or worse. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with myopia and vision impairment.
Results: Among 4804 children (55% male) with mean age (standard deviation) 12.3 (3.8) years, 3031 (63.1%, 95% CI: 61.7-64.4%) had myopia, 452 (9.4%, 95% CI: 8.6-10.3%) had high myopia, and 2646 (55.1%, 95% CI: 53.7-56.5%) had vision impairment. The prevalence rate of myopia increased with grade in a non-linear manner, 12% in kindergarten, 32% in grade 2, 69% in grade 5, and approximately 90% by grade 10 or above. The prevalence rate of high myopia was relatively low in grade 4 or below (<1.5%), 4-7% in grade 5 to 7, 13-15% in grade 8-9, and >20% in grade 10 to 12. The prevalence rate of vision impairment was 3.7% in kindergarten, 36.6% in elementary school, 76.7% in middle school and 86.5% in high school students. Higher grade (p<0.0001), female (p<0.0001) and higher school workload (p=0.007) were independently associated with higher prevalence rates of myopia and vision impairment, while higher grade (p<0.0001) and higher school workload (p<0.0001) were independently associated with higher prevalence of high myopia.
Conclusion: Prevalence of myopia and vision impairment was high among Chinese school students and increased with grade in a non-linear manner, reaching alarming high in high school students accompanied by high prevalence of high myopia. Increasing study burden on school students at younger age plays an important role on the higher prevalence rate of myopia and vision impairment.