bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Factor V Leiden Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Commercial Clinical Laboratory by Use of NanoChip Microelectronic Array Technology
Authors: Evans Jess G , Lee-Tataseo Cindy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Methods for analysis of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) known as factor V Leiden (FVL) are described. The technique provides rapid, highly accurate detection of the point mutation that encodes for replacement of arginine-506 with glutamine. After formal assay qualification, 758 clinical samples that had previously been analyzed by the InvaderTM Monoplex Assay were tested as research samples in a commercial clinical laboratory.
Methods: Primers specific for factor V (FV) were prepared, and PCR was performed. Samples were analyzed using the NanoChip® Molecular Biology Workstation with fluorescently labeled reporters for wild-type and SNP sequences.
Results: Of the 635 samples classified by the Third WaveTM assay as FV wild type, 10 were identified as heterozygous FVL by the NanoChip technique. Similarly, of the 114 putative heterozygous samples, 4 were wild type, and of the 9 reported homozygous samples, 6 were homozygous, 2 were heterozygous, and 1 was FV wild type by the NanoChip assay. All 17 results that were discordant with the Third Wave analysis were confirmed by DNA sequencing to be correctly classified by the NanoChip technology. The Nanochip system was 100% accurate in characterizing wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous samples compared with accuracies of 99.2%, 90.2%, and 100% for the comparable Third Wave analysis.
Conclusions: The NanoChip microelectronic chip array technology is an accurate and convenient method for FVL screening of research samples in a clinical laboratory environment.
Transcriptional control of hyphal morphogenesis inCandida albicans
Authors: Villa Sonia , Hamideh Mohammad , Weinstock Anthony , Qasim Mohammad N , Hazbun Tony R , Sellam Adnane , Hernday Aaron D , Thangamani Shankar 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTCandida albicans is a multimorphic commensal organism and opportunistic fungal pathogen in humans. A morphological switch between unicellular budding yeast and multicellular filamentous hyphal growth forms plays a vital role in the virulence of C. albicans, and this transition is regulated in response to a range of environmental cues that are encountered in distinct host niches. Many unique transcription factors contribute to the transcriptional regulatory network that integrates these distinct environmental cues and determines which phenotypic state will be expressed. These hyphal morphogenesis regulators have been extensively investigated, and represent an increasingly important focus of study, due to their central role in controlling a key C. albicans virulence attribute. This review provides a succinct summary of the transcriptional regulatory factors and environmental signals that control hyphal morphogenesis in C. albicans.
Data Interfaces: Tensions between Copyright and Competition Law – A New Swiss Court Practice for an Old Problem
Authors: Weber Rolf H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The reconciliation of intellectual property rights laws with competition rules is a difficult task. For decades, courts and legal doctrine have been trying to draw fine lines in order to balance corresponding (yet partly differing) interests. Recently, the Swiss Federal Administrative Court ruled on the tensions between copyright and competition law, particularly assessing data interfaces in the credit/debit card payment transactions business. The Court applied a restrictive approach in respect of the exclusively protected sphere of the rightholder–its behaviour of building entry barriers for potential competitors was considered non-compliant with the Cartel Act. This contribution outlines the general principles applied in relation to the reconciliation of intellectual property rights with competition rules in the Swiss law environment and analyses the detailed, concrete reasoning of the recent decision in the light of the needs of the growing information society.
Let's talk about the interregnum: Gramsci and the crisis of the liberal world order
Authors: Babic Milan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The liberal international order (LIO) is in crisis. Numerous publications, debates and events have time and again made it clear that we are in the midst of a grand transformation of world order. While most contributions focus on either what is slowly dying (the LIO) or what might come next (China, multipolarity, chaos?), there is less analytical engagement with what lies in between those two phases of world order. Under the assumption that this period could last years or even decades, a set of analytical tools to understand this interregnum is urgently needed. This article proposes an analytical framework that builds on Gramscian concepts of crisis that will help us understand the current crisis of the LIO in a more systematic way. It addresses a gap in the literature on changing world order by elaborating three Gramsci-inspired crisis characteristics—processuality, organicity and morbidity—that sketch the current crisis landscape in a systematic way. Building on this framework, the article suggests different empirical entry points to the study of the crisis of the LIO and calls for a research agenda that takes this crisis seriously as a distinct period of changing world orders.
An Emerging Human Right to Protection against Unjustified Dismissal
Authors: Collins Hugh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Although a right to protection against unjustified dismissal is not widely recognised in human rights law, the European Court of Human Rights has begun to use Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights to develop a general right based on the adverse consequences to ordinary private life caused by an unjustified dismissal. Instead of requiring the employer’s reason for the dismissal to be connected to an aspect of an employee’s private and family life in order to engage Article 8, the Court’s new, broader approach focuses on major adverse effects or consequences caused by dismissals to an employee’s family life, personal and professional relationships, to self-respect, and to their chosen way of life and career. The consequence-based approach permits the application of Article 8 whatever reason the employer puts forward for the dismissal. The article assesses the extent and limits of the protection against unjustified dismissal under the Convention as a result primarily of this extension from a reason-based approach to a consequence-based approach to Article 8, an approach that was confirmed by the Grand Chamber in Denisov v Ukraine.
Improving paediatric antimicrobial stewardship in hospital-based settings: why, where and how?
Authors: Tanner E , Munro A P S , Gray J , Green H , Rutter M , Jones C E , Faust S N , Alderton M , Patel S V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is being recognized as a priority by healthcare organizations across the world. However, many children are managed on IV antimicrobials in hospital with very little consideration of antimicrobial stewardship issues.

Objectives
A nurse-led paediatric ambulatory outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) service, managing children with common infections being ambulated on short courses of IV antimicrobials, was introduced within Southampton Children’s Hospital in January 2018. We evaluated the impact of this service in terms of the quality of antimicrobial prescribing and timing of ambulation in children presenting with common infections.

Methods
All cases managed within the service were reviewed in two separate 2 month time periods: prior to introduction of the service (September–October 2016) and then prospectively after its introduction (September–October 2018).

Results
A total of 96% of IV antibiotic management decisions at 48 h were deemed appropriate in 2018, compared with 75% in 2016. A total of 64% of patients were ambulated on IV antibiotics at some point during their treatment course in 2018, compared with 19% in 2016. However, a significant proportion of antimicrobial decisions made at the point of presentation to hospital remained suboptimal in 2018.

Conclusions
Children are commonly managed with IV antibiotics in hospital. We demonstrate marked improvements in appropriate antimicrobial use through the introduction of a nurse-led ambulatory OPAT service. In addition, such a service can promote a greater proportion of children being ambulated from hospital, freeing up valuable inpatient beds and potentially delivering cost savings that can be used to fund such services.
Non-linear interacting cosmological models after Planck 2018 legacy release and the H0 tension
Authors: Pan Supriya , Yang Weiqiang , Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Interacting dark energy models are widely renowned for giving an explanation to the cosmic coincidence problem as well as several observational issues. According to the recent observational data, and so far we are concerned with the literature, the choice of the interaction function between dark matter and dark energy is always questionable since there is no such underlying theory that could derive it. Thus, in this work we have raised this issue by proposing two new non-linear interaction functions and constrain them using cosmic microwave background (CMB) from Planck 2018, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAOs), dark energy survey and a measurement of the Hubble constant H0 from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) 2019. The dark energy equation of state is considered to be constant throughout the work and the geometry of the universe is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic with zero spatial curvature. Our analyses report that a non-zero interaction is always allowed by the observational data and the dark energy equation of state is bent towards the phantom regime. In particular, when H0 from HST is added to Planck 2018+BAO, we find an evidence for a non-zero coupling at more than 2σ confidence level. Our analyses also report that for both the models, H0 is close to its local measurements and thus alleviating the H0 tension. In particular, one of the interacting models perfectly solves the H0 tension.
From the Deeming Rule to JUUL—US News Coverage of Electronic Cigarettes, 2015–2018
Authors: Wackowski Olivia A , Sontag Jennah M , Singh Binu , King Jessica , Lewis M Jane , Steinberg Michael B , Delnevo Cristine D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
News media may influence public perceptions and attitudes about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), which may influence product use and attitudes about their regulation. The purpose of this study is to describe trends in US news coverage of e-cigarettes during a period of evolving regulation, science, and trends in the use of e-cigarettes.

Methods
We conducted a content analysis of e-cigarette topics and themes covered in US news articles from 2015 to 2018. Online news databases (Access World News, Factiva) were used to obtain US news articles from the top 34 circulating newspapers, four national wire services, and five leading online news sources.

Results
The number of articles increased by 75.4% between 2015 and 2018 (n = 1609). Most articles focused on policy/regulation (43.5%) as a main topic, followed by health effects (22.3%) and prevalence/trends (17.9%). Discussion about flavor bans quadrupled (6.1% to 24.6%) and discussion of youth e-cigarette use was most prevalent (58.4%) in 2018, coinciding with an increase in coverage about JUUL. JUUL was mentioned in 50.8% of 2018 articles. Across years, articles more frequently mentioned e-cigarette risks (70%) than potential benefits (37.3%).

Conclusions
E-cigarettes continue to be a newsworthy topic, with coverage both reflecting numerous changes and events over time, and providing repeated opportunities for informing the public and policymakers about these novel products. Future research should continue to track how discourse changes over time and assess its potential influence on e-cigarette perceptions and policy changes.

Implications
E-cigarette news coverage in the United States increased between 2015 and 2018 and predominantly focused on policy and regulation. Notable spikes in volume were associated with some but not all major e-cigarette events, including the FDA’s deeming rule, Surgeon General’s report, and release of the National Youth Tobacco Survey data in 2018. Coverage of the 2018 National Academy of Medicine, Engineering, and Sciences report on the Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes received minimal news coverage. The high volume in 2018 was driven in large part by coverage of the e-cigarette brand JUUL; over half of news articles in 2018 referenced JUUL specifically.
How Can EU Law Respond to Populism?
Authors: Dawson Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The rise in Europe of populist movements has created severe anxiety about the stability of the EU legal order. This article argues that, while populist ideas challenge numerous elements of the EU’s constitutional settlement, there exists no fundamental incompatibility between populism and EU law. By comparing its response to populism with attempts by EU law to stabilise its legal order in the face of political contestation arising from other political cleavages, the article discusses three different ways to understand the interaction between EU law and populism. EU law may seek to ‘survive’ the growth of populism by (i) bracketing or insulating its institutions from populist contestation, (ii) accommodating populist ideas or (iii) confronting the constitutional strategies populists utilise domestically. In examining the constitutional foundations of populism and its relation to emerging doctrines of EU law, the article seeks to build a road map of how populist movements might utilise or resist EU law in their development.
Clinical and sonographic discrimination between fibromyalgia and spondyloarthopathy in inflammatory bowel disease with musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Martinis Federica , Tinazzi Ilaria , Bertolini Elena , Citriniti Giorgia , Variola Angela , Geccherle Andrea , Marchetta Antonio , McGonagle Dennis , Macchioni Pierluigi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Joint pain is common in subjects with IBD and is linked to several factors including SpA, drug therapy, concomitant OA or FM. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of primary FM and concomitant FM and SpA in a cohort of patients with IBD utilizing clinical and US assessment.

Methods
A total of 301 consecutive cases with IBD attending two IBD Units were assessed by a rheumatologist for Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society criteria fulfilment for SpA or the 2010 ACR criteria for FM. Some 158 cases also had US entheseal examination on large insertions in the upper and lower limbs.

Results
Thirty-seven IBD patients (12%) met the ACR criteria for primary FM with 9% presenting with primary FM and 3.3% presenting with concomitant FM and SpA. Meeting FM criteria was not related to smoking, sedentary job, BMI or the presence of psoriasis. FM patients presented higher Leeds Enthesitis Index, BASDAI and BASFI scores than SpA patients. At US examination, patients who satisfied the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society criteria for SpA had significantly higher mean enthesis or patient power Doppler positive as compared with the IBD and FM group (P &lt; 0.001)

Conclusion
We found that FM occurred in 12% of SpA patients and in this setting SpA disease activity indices performed poorly. US examination in a large patient subgroup showed a promising discriminating capacity between FM and SpA in IBD patients.
Descovy Approved for HIV Prexposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: January 2020

Descovy (a combination of emtricitabine 200 mg and tenofovir alafenamide 25 mg) has been approved for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The drug was previously approved to treat HIV in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.Descovy carries a boxed warning that patients who also have hepatitis B virus (HBV) can experience exacerbations of HBV upon discontinuing Descovy.
RN to BSN Programs: The Social Media Perspective
Authors: Abbott Miriam R. B. , Nininger Jami 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

AIM
This article assesses and addresses common perceptions regarding RN to BSN programs.

BACKGROUND
Public online forums can provide educators with alternative perspectives on nursing education. Although such perspectives may, at times, be ill informed, they reflect views that shape choices regarding nursing education. Understanding diverse views equips educators with strategies that can promote degree relevance for learners.

METHOD
Using opportunistic sampling, a post on an anonymous, open forum for nurses with over 88,000 subscribers was retrospectively reviewed in an exploratory qualitative study to identify perceptual themes about RN to BSN programs.

RESULTS
Users expressed largely negative sentiments regarding the quality and value of RN to BSN coursework.

CONCLUSION
Evidence-based models for communication to promote the relevance of RN to BSN coursework are introduced. Such models permit nurse educators to proactively address negative perceptions of RN to BSN programs.
Effects of Shared Decision Making on Opioid Prescribing After Hysterectomy
Authors: Vilkins Annmarie L. , Sahara Michael , Till Sara R. , Ceci Christina , Howard Ryan , Griffith Kendall C. , Waljee Jennifer F. , Lim Courtney S. , Skinner Bethany D. , Clauw Daniel J. , Brummett Chad M. , As-Sanie Sawsan 
Published: January 2020

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2019;134:823–833)
Opioid use disorder is an epidemic. In the United States, more than 11 million people abused prescription opioids in 2016.
Hearing Loss With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Foulon Ina , De Brucker Yannick , Buyl Ronald , Lichtert Elke , Verbruggen Katia , Piérard Denis , Camfferman Fleur Anne , Gucciardo Léonardo , Gordts Frans 
Published: January 2020

(Abstracted from Pediatrics 2019;144(2):e20183095)
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common fetal viral infection and is the leading cause of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the developed world. This prospective study aimed to determine the incidence of SNHL in 157 children with proven cCMV infection, along with searching for risk determinants for developing hearing loss and proposing recommendations for screening and follow-up with the newborn.
Neonatal Developmental and Behavioral Outcomes of Immediate Delivery Versus Expectant Monitoring in Mild Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: 2-Year Outcomes of the HYPITAT-II Trial
Authors: Zwertbroek Eva F. , Franssen Maureen T. M. , Broekhuijsen Kim , Langenveld Josje , Bremer Henk , Ganzevoort Wessel , van Loon Aren J. , van Pampus Maria G. , Rijnders Robbert J. P. , Sikkema Marko J. , Scherjon Sicco A. , Woiski Mallory D. , Mol Ben W. J. , van Baar Anneloes L. , Groen Henk 
Published: January 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019;221:154.e1–154.e11)
Hypertensive pregnancy disorders complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, resulting in significant maternal and neonatal morbidity. The only definitive treatment for hypertensive disorders is delivery.
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: epidemiology and comorbidities
Authors: Baker Mary Grace , Nowak-Wegrzyn Anna 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
First described in the mid 20th century, it was just in the last decade that diagnostic and treatment guidelines for food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) were established. Awareness of the diagnosis is improving, and epidemiologic data are emerging.

Recent findings
Recent studies suggest that FPIES may affect as many as 0.5% of children worldwide. FPIES in adults is usually triggered by seafood and may be more common than previously thought. Many patients with FPIES have other allergic disorders.

Summary
With refined diagnostic criteria and improved awareness, FPIES is now diagnosed with increasing frequency, and epidemiologic data are emerging. FPIES appears to be increasing in prevalence, and the frequent association with other allergic disorders suggests a shared predisposition or immune mechanism that remains to be elucidated.
Does Empathy Decline in the Clinical Phase of Medical Education? A Nationwide, Multi-Institutional, Cross-Sectional Study of Students at DO-Granting Medical Schools
Authors: Hojat Mohammadreza , Shannon Stephen C. , DeSantis Jennifer , Speicher Mark R. , Bragan Lynn , Calabrese Leonard H. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
To examine differences in students’ empathy in different years of medical school in a nationwide study of students of U.S. DO-granting medical schools.

Method
Participants in this cross-sectional study included 10,751 students enrolled in 41 of 48 campuses of DO-granting medical schools in the United States (3,616 first-year, 2,764 second-year, 2,413 third-year, and 1,958 fourth-year students). They completed a web-based survey at the end of the 2017–2018 academic year that included the Jefferson Scale of Empathy and the Infrequency Scale of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire for measuring “good impression” response bias. Comparisons were made on empathy scores among students in different years of medical school using analysis of covariance, controlling for the effect of “good impression” response bias. Also, comparisons were made with preexisting data from students of U.S. MD-granting medical schools.

Results
A statistically significant decline in empathy scores was observed when comparing students in the preclinical (years 1 and 2) and the clinical (years 3 and 4) phases of medical school (P < .001); however, the magnitude of the decline was negligible (effect size =0.13). Comparison of findings with MD students showed that while the pattern of empathy decline was similar, the magnitude of the decline was less pronounced in DO students.

Conclusions
Differences in DO-granting and MD-granting medical education systems, such as emphasis on provision of holistic care, hands-on approaches to diagnosis and treatment, and patient-centered care, provide plausible explanations for disparity in the magnitude of empathy decline in DO compared with MD students. More research is needed to examine changes in empathy in longitudinal study and explore reasons for changes to avert erosion of empathy in medical school.