bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of grain size distribution towards improvements of turbidity, colour and suspended particles in a riverbank filtration process - a column study
Authors: Murshed M F , Kamaruzaman A , Ab Aziz N A , Mokhtar Kamal N H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Riverbank filtration (RBF) system is an efficient and natural treatment technology which, consists of high capacity pumping wells, located adjacent to river. It takes advantage of natural attenuation processes that occur as surface water infiltrate through the riverbed to produce potable water. This research determined the influence of media size distribution, and its hydraulic conductivity and porosity as filter media, of sand and gravel. The efficiency of column model for riverbank filtration system to remove turbidity, colour and suspended solids was also determined. The best condition of column model to remove contaminants with different flowrates and different types filter media used was identified through this research. The column study was conducted with three different types of filter media; C1 (sand), C2 (gravel) and C3 (sand + gravel) and with three different flowrates; 20 mL/min, 25 mL/min and 40 mL/min. Based on the results, C3 (sand + gravel) shows the highest percentage removal for turbidity, colour and suspended solids, which were 28.5%, 59.1%, 71.4% and 29.4%, respectively, although at difference flowrates. The highest percentage of removal of suspended solids (71.4%) occurs at 25 mL/min. The highest percentage of removal of colour (59.1%) occurs at 40 mL/min. Longer contact time might improve the removal of these contaminants.
On the role of substrate temperature into bonding mechanism of cold sprayed Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Irinah O Noor , Yamada M , Yasui T , Fukumoto M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Metal oxide, Titanium dioxide, TiO2 draw a huge attention due to its wide range of applications, chemical stability and low cost. TiO2 coatings have potential applications in biomedical implants or as photo-catalytic functional systems. Cold spraying is a process where small particles ranging from 1 to 50µm are stimulated by a stream of supersonic gas at a temperature below material melting point and leading to the coating formed in solid state particles. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influenced of once heated substrate properties on bonding mechanism of cold sprayed Titanium dioxide, TiO2. In this study, tensile adhesion strength, substrate hardness, oxide thickness, oxide composition and interfacial microstructure were evaluated for the coatings. The results of this study indicated that coating adhesion strength reveal a decreased trend from 1.35MPa to 0.49MPa when once heated substrate temperature is increased. Influenced of oxide thickness also will be discussed here as factor that contributed to bonding mechanism between TiO2 and copper substrate.
Assessment of Seismic Scenario-Structure Based Limit State Criteria for a Reinforced Concrete High-Rise Building
Authors: Che Kamaludin Puteri Nihal , Kassem Moustafa Moufid , Farsangi Ehsan Noroozinejad , Tan Chee Ghuan , Nazri Fadzli Mohamed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Issues regarding reinforced concrete (RC) high-rise buildings involve different seismic scenarios, such as near- and far-field earthquakes, which can result in different levels and complex seismic scenario structures related to global damage. This study aims to evaluate the seismic scenario structures of a 23-storey RC high-rise building based on different damage measures and to develop a fragility curve with different limit state criteria. Six ground motions are selected to represent two seismic scenarios. Seismic scenario-based global response of the building at increasing earthquake intensity measures is adopted using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). IDA curves and interstorey drift are used in the parametric study. The structural performance and damage measure of RC high-rise buildings are evaluated with performance-based seismic design limit state. The four performance levels proposed by ATC-43 are operational performance, immediate occupancy, life safety and collapse prevention. The IDA curves showed that near-field effect has a high frequency that gives impact at early intensity measures on building collapse compared with far-field effect. Meanwhile, interstorey drift result indicates that the near-field effect has a larger effect on building damages compared with the far-field effect. Based on the fragility curves, near-field earthquakes have a larger effect towards structural damages than far-field earthquakes.
A Review on metal 3D printing; 3D welding
Authors: Wani Z K , Abdullah A B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract3D printing is a well-known method to produce a 3D object and widely used in many types of industries including, mechanical, civil, medical, etc. The technology has been applied in industry for more than 20 years ago, but it is strictly limited to the slow production of small plastic objects, and some special fabric only. As its advancements, the technology of 3D printing becomes broad interest recently. In present industrial, 3D printers are able to produce high precision, quality products of different sizes fast at comparatively low cost. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of 3D printing in meeting low and medium production volumes besides having a review on metal 3D printing techniques available. The issue and challenges in producing metal 3D printing also will be discussed extensively in this paper. Suggestions on the subtractive method to complete the 3D printing process according to research interest also explained in this paper.
Oscillations of a flexible beam in cavity flow with tonal sound
Authors: Yokoyama H , Hibino K , Nishikawara M , Yanada H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To establish the methodologies for utilization of oscillation energy in a cavity flow, the self-sustained oscillations in a flow over a cavity with and without a flexible beam are investigated, where stainless steel and aluminium beams are utilized. The coupled simulations for aeroacoustic phenomena and bending vibration of the beam are conducted along with wind tunnel experiments. The measurement of sound pressure level with changing the freestream Mach number shows that intense oscillations occur for the second acoustic mode for both the cavities with a stainless and an aluminium beam along the upstream edge of the cavity while the oscillations with the first mode occur for the cavity without a beam. The computational results show that the beam is vibrated at the natural frequency of each beam, where this frequency can be different from the fundamental frequency of the radiating sound. Also, it is shown that the vibrations become more intense for the cavity flow with the beam along the downstream edge, where the acoustic radiation also becomes more intense.
Simulation on Air-Fly Ash Particles Using Discrete Phase Method
Authors: Zahari N.M. , Harun Mastika Falsha , Zainoodin Mahyun , Mohamad Daud , Syamsir Agusril , Ramli. M. Z. , Zawawi M. H. , Abas Aizat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In order to suggest for development of a better fluidized bed combustor designs, numerical simulations could be used to model the flow behavior inside the boilers. However, the complex nature of the multiphase flow of particles and combustion air makes the modelling very challenging. In this study the relatively recently introduced approaches for fly ash particles distribution model in CFD setting are studied. The applicability of the approaches is examined, and the computational requirements of the approaches are compared. Euler-Lagrange approach is used in order to track the particles in the simulation. The simulations results obtained are compared between different shape of simple models, square and cylindrical.
Modal identification of cylindrical shell with high damping using reduction method focusing on symmetry of mode shape
Authors: Tajiri Daiki , Ojiro Masaki , Matsubara Masami , Kawamura Shozo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The viscoelastic structures such as tires have high damping characteristics, so that resonance peaks do not appear clearly and they are difficult to identify the existence of modes in the high frequency region. Previous studies have proposed methods that make it easier to understand modes. In that method, the number of modes are reduced by using the fact that the basis function of the mode shape of the cylindrical structure can be expressed by a periodic function. However, a large number of measurement points are placed on the structure and data is collected, so the workload of the experiment is large. In this study, we conducted a numerical experiment of the mode reduction method using some measurement point data for the purpose of reducing the workload, and evaluate the influence on the identification accuracy. As a result, it was confirmed that the identification results of the natural frequency and the structural damping coefficient had sufficient accuracy even if some measurement points were used.
The Electronic States of Copper Oxides Photoactive Layers Prepared by Electrodeposition followed by Annealing
Authors: Khoo P L , Satou K , Izaki M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The copper oxides are best performing metal oxide materials regarding solar energy conversion, and due to their abundance, scalability, ease of fabrication and subsequently being low-cost, Cu2O and CuO have attracted extensive attraction. In this research, Cu2O layers were electrodeposited on Ga:ZnO (GZO) and annealed to form directly-stacked GZO/Cu2O/CuO. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the devices was evaluated which demonstrated peculiar negative regions around 500 nm besides the typical 410 nm originating from the Cu2O. Reversed bias voltages were applied to investigate the changes, and along with the disappearance of negative regions, a peak around 550 nm and an absorption edge at 850 nm appeared, which increased with the increment of bias voltage. To elucidate the mechanism, the electronic states were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). Species identification was also successful which showed the presence of CuO on the topmost layer and the underlying Cu2O, which was difficult to analyze by XRD due to its thinness. The schematics of the band-alignments were drawn based on the calculations from the XPS measurements. The conduction band of the Cu2O appeared elevated, which contributed to the speculated two-way flow of the charge when illuminated, and explains the appearance of the negative EQE regions. The charge transportation was successfully controlled and aligned when bias voltages were applied, which caused the disappearance of negative regions and the appearance of the absorption edge of the CuO.
Development of a Flow Visualization Technique in Wind Tunnel for Hydrokinetic Turbine Application
Authors: Ismail Abdelrahman T. , Kamaruddin Noorfazreena M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A smoke wire technique was developed in a wind tunnel to visualize a drag-driven turbine flow structure for hydrokinetic application. A Nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.5 mm was initially heated and then coated with Safex oil to illustrate the streamlines that represent the turbine flow characteristics. The developed smoke wire oil coating technique was compared at airflow speeds of 3 m/s to 10 m/s to represent equivalent water flow speed corresponding to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 29, 563 to Re = 98, 543, respectively. Several parameters that influence the turbine flow patterns, such as the diameter of wire and oil coating technique, were tested in the wind tunnel to investigate the effect of these parameters to visualize the stream lines at low and high speed case. The qualitative result based on these various configurations was analyzed and discussed in this paper to identify the most practical flow visualization technique in a wind tunnel that could effectively be captured to represent the turbine flow structure for hydrokinetic application.
Numerical Study of Droplet Behavior on an Oscillating Plate Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Suzuki T , Mitsuishi A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The interfacial behaviour of a liquid droplet placed on an oscillating plate was simulated numerically by VOF method for the better understanding of the transition process of the surface fluctuation from the axisymmetric mode to the complicated mode which is leading to the interface burst and spray formation. The target of analysis was a water droplet of 100μL placed on a flat plate. In the place of the plate oscillation, a sinusoidal acceleration-oscillation was applied with the gravitational acceleration. The frequency of the acceleration-oscillation was ranging from 300 Hz to 900 Hz. The range of the acceleration-oscillation amplitude was from 3g to 60g. The computational domain was set to include a quarter of the droplet. In the numerical simulation, axisymmetric concentric waves and superposed azimuthal waves appeared on the droplet surface. The surface fluctuation grew in magnitude with an increase in the acceleration-oscillation amplitude, and the complexity of the interface increased due to the coalescences of the crests of the surface fluctuation.
Failure analysis of various fiberglass cross-arm designs under multi-axial loading
Authors: Mohamad Daud , Beddu Salmia , Syamsir Agusril , Zahari Nazirul Mubin , Razali Muhammad Fauzinizam , Abu Seman Sareh Aiman Hilmi , Abas Aizat , Ng Fei Chong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study investigated the type of failure modes of different cross-arm designs under multi-axial static loading. The failure modes were numerically predicted from real-scale finite-element models of cross-arm integrated with a Hashin damage subroutine. Three finite-element models of cross-arm were considered; a model with standard cross-arm design, a standard design engaged with braces, and a standard design engaged with sleeves. The failure analysis of the composite cross-arm was focused on the location and type of failure of the structure upon its application. This investigation revealed that under the applied load, the cross-arm with installed sleeves exhibited the lowest total deflection of 0.21 m. Every cross-arm design exhibited fiber failure due to the tension and compression mode, regardless of the support system installed. Additionally, the installation of sleeves and braces on the cross-arm structure successfully reduced the number of areas associated to failure.
Two decades of research with the GreenLab model in agronomy
Authors: de Reffye Philippe , Hu Baogang , Kang Mengzhen , Letort Véronique , Jaeger Marc 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
With up to 200 published contributions, the GreenLab mathematical model of plant growth, developed since 2000 under Sino-French co-operation for agronomic applications, is descended from the structural models developed in the AMAP unit that characterize the development of plants and encompass them in a conceptual mathematical framework. The model also incorporates widely recognized crop model concepts (thermal time, light use efficiency and light interception), adapting them to the level of the individual plant.

Scope
Such long-term research work calls for an overview at some point. That is the objective of this review paper, which retraces the main history of the model’s development and its current status, highlighting three aspects. (1) What are the key features of the GreenLab model? (2) How can the model be a guide for defining relevant measurement strategies and experimental protocols? (3) What kind of applications can such a model address? This last question is answered using case studies as illustrations, and through the Discussion.

Conclusions
The results obtained over several decades illustrate a key feature of the GreenLab model: owing to its concise mathematical formulation based on the factorization of plant structure, it comes along with dedicated methods and experimental protocols for its parameter estimation, in the deterministic or stochastic cases, at single-plant or population levels. Besides providing a reliable statistical framework, this intense and long-term research effort has provided new insights into the internal trophic regulations of many plant species and new guidelines for genetic improvement or optimization of crop systems.
Subspecies divergence and pronounced phylogenetic incongruence in the East-Asia-endemic shrubMagnolia sieboldii
Authors: Kikuchi Satoshi , Osone Yoko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsThe biogeographic patterns of the East-Asia-endemic shrub Magnolia sieboldii, in which the range of the subsp. sieboldii is interposed with the disjunct distribution of subsp. japonica, implies a complex evolutionary history, involving rapid speciation and hybridization. Here, we aim to reveal the evolutionary and phylogeographic histories of the species with a particular focus on the time of subspecies divergence, the hypothesis of secondary hybridization and the Pleistocene survival of each subspecies, using a combination of genetic analyses and ecological niche modelling.MethodsGenetic variation, genetic structures and phylogenetic relationships were elucidated based on nuclear low-copy genes, chloroplast DNA, and nuclear simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A scenario selection analysis and divergence time estimation were performed using coalescent simulation in DIYABC and *BEAST. Ecological niche modelling and a test of niche differentiation were performed using Maxent and ENMTools.Key ResultsAll marker types showed deep, but pronouncedly incongruent, west–east genetic divergences, with the subspecies being delineated only by the nuclear low-copy genes. Phylogenetic tree topologies suggested that ancient hybridization and introgression were likely to have occurred; however, this scenario did not receive significant support in the DIYABC analysis. The subspecies differentiated their niches, but both showed a dependence on high humidity and were predicted to have persisted during the last glacial cycle by maintaining a stable latitudinal distribution via migration to lower altitudes.ConclusionsWe found a deep genetic divergence and a pronounced phylogenetic incongruence among the two subspecies of M. sieboldii, which may have been driven by major paleogeographic and paleoclimatic events that have occurred since the Neogene in East Asia, including global cooling, climate oscillations and the formation of land bridges. Both subspecies were, however, considered to persist in situ in stable climatic conditions during the late Pleistocene.
QSIdb: quorum sensing interference molecules
Authors: Wu Shengbo , Liu Chunjiang , Feng Jie , Yang Aidong , Guo Fei , Qiao Jianjun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuorum sensing interference (QSI), the disruption and manipulation of quorum sensing (QS) in the dynamic control of bacteria populations could be widely applied in synthetic biology to realize dynamic metabolic control and develop potential clinical therapies. Conventionally, limited QSI molecules (QSIMs) were developed based on molecular structures or for specific QS receptors, which are in short supply for various interferences and manipulations of QS systems. In this study, we developed QSIdb (http://qsidb.lbci.net/), a specialized repository of 633 reported QSIMs and 73 073 expanded QSIMs including both QS agonists and antagonists. We have collected all reported QSIMs in literatures focused on the modifications of N-acyl homoserine lactones, natural QSIMs and synthetic QS analogues. Moreover, we developed a pipeline with SMILES-based similarity assessment algorithms and docking-based validations to mine potential QSIMs from existing 138 805 608 compounds in the PubChem database. In addition, we proposed a new measure, pocketedit, for assessing the similarities of active protein pockets or QSIMs crosstalk, and obtained 273 possible potential broad-spectrum QSIMs. We provided user-friendly browsing and searching facilities for easy data retrieval and comparison. QSIdb could assist the scientific community in understanding QS-related therapeutics, manipulating QS-based genetic circuits in metabolic engineering, developing potential broad-spectrum QSIMs and expanding new ligands for other receptors.
Phylogenomics of peacock spiders and their kin (Salticidae:Maratus), with implications for the evolution of male courtship displays
Authors: Girard Madeline B , Elias Damian O , Azevedo Guilherme , Bi Ke , Kasumovic Michael M , Waldock Julianne M , Rosenblum Erica Bree , Hedin Marshal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUnderstanding diversity has been a pursuit in evolutionary biology since its inception. A challenge arises when sexual selection has played a role in diversification. Questions of what constitutes a ‘species’, homoplasy vs. synapomorphy, and whether sexually selected traits show phylogenetic signal have hampered work on many systems. Peacock spiders are famous for sexually selected male courtship dances and peacock-like abdominal ornamentation. This lineage of jumping spiders currently includes over 90 species classified into two genera, Maratus and Saratus. Most Maratus species have been placed into groups based on secondary sexual characters, but evolutionary relationships remain unresolved. Here we assess relationships in peacock spiders using phylogenomic data (ultraconserved elements and RAD-sequencing). Analyses reveal that Maratus and the related genus Saitis are paraphyletic. Many, but not all, morphological groups within a ‘core Maratus’ clade are recovered as genetic clades but we find evidence for undocumented speciation. Based on original observations of male courtship, our comparative analyses suggest that courtship behaviour and peacock-like abdominal ornamentation have evolved sequentially, with some traits inherited from ancestors and others evolving repeatedly and independently from ‘simple’ forms. Our results have important implications for the taxonomy of these spiders, and provide a much-needed evolutionary framework for comparative studies of the evolution of sexual signal characters.
Geometrically aware dynamic Markov bases for statistical linear inverse problems
Authors: Hazelton M L , Mcveagh M R , van Brunt B 
Published: September 2020

SummaryFor statistical linear inverse problems involving count data, inference typically requires sampling a latent variable with conditional support comprising of the lattice points in a convex polytope. Irreducibility of random walk samplers is guaranteed only if a sufficiently rich array of sampling directions is available. In principle, this can be achieved by finding a Markov basis of moves ab initio, but in practice doing so may be computationally infeasible. What is more, the use of a full Markov basis can lead to very poor mixing. It is far simpler to find a lattice basis of moves, which can be tailored to the overall geometry of the polytope. However, a single lattice basis generally does not connect all points in the polytope. In response, we propose a dynamic lattice basis sampler. This sampler can access a sufficient variety of sampling directions to guarantee irreducibility, but also prefers moves that are well aligned to the polytope geometry, hence promoting good mixing. The probability with which the sampler selects different bases can be tuned. We present an efficient algorithm for updating the lattice basis, obviating the need for repeated matrix inversion.