bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dynamic mutational landscape associated with an inter‐regionally diverse immune response in malignant rhabdoid tumour
Authors: Yasui Hiroaki , Valind Anders , Karlsson Jenny , Pietras Christina , Jansson Caroline , Wille Joakim , Romerius Patrik , Backman Torbjörn , Gisselsson David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMalignant rhabdoid tumour (MRT) is a childhood neoplasm of high malignancy characterised by biallelic mutation and/or loss of the epigenetic master regulator SMARCB1, accompanied by no or few other oncogenic drivers. In spite of their generally low mutational burden, an intratumoural T‐cell response has been reported in a subset of MRTs, indicating that immune checkpoint inhibition may be considered a viable therapy option for some patients. We assess here the evolution over time and space of predicted neoantigens and indicators of immune checkpoint status in two MRT patients who progressed under treatment. Both patients showed an accumulation of novel clonal and subclonal mutations, including predicted neoantigens, in metastases compared to their inferred ancestral clones in the primary tumours. The first patient had peritoneal metastases from an MRT of the liver. Clonal deconvolution revealed polyclonal seeding from the primary tumour to a single metastatic site, followed by a local subclonal burst of mutations. The second patient had a renal MRT with multiple pulmonary metastases, each of which could be traced back to a single genetically unique founder cell, with formation of novel subclones in two metastases. Both patients showed a regionally heterogeneous landscape of predicted neoantigens and of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes expressing CD8 and PD1. In both patients, some tumour regions fulfilled established criteria for PD‐L1 positivity (> 1% of tumour cells), while others did not. This suggests that even in a tumour type like MRT, with a single driver mutation, there can be heterogeneity in neoantigen repertoire, immune response, and biomarkers for checkpoint blockade among sampled locations. This must be taken into account when assessing progressed MRT patients for checkpoint inhibition therapy. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Recent progress in EPR study of spin labeled polymers and spin probed polymer systems
Authors: Uddin Md Alim , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Naveed Kaleem‐ur‐Rahman , Haq Fazal , Amin Bilal Ul , Mehmood Sahid , Nazir Ahsan , Xing Yusheng , Shen Di 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe EPR technique is commonly used for the detection and characterization of paramagnetic centers in chemical science. This method can provides a lot of information, such as identity, structure, dynamics, interaction, orientation, glass transition temperature, adsorption behavior, functionality, phase behavior, nano‐inhomogeneities, and conformation of the free‐radical portion of the polymer chain. Most polymers intrinsically possess diamagnetic properties, so in order to study polymers with EPR, paramagnetic centers need to be incorporated into the polymer systems. Spin labeling and spin probing are main methods of covalently attaching paramagnetic centers to polymer chains or embedding them in polymer matrices through non‐covalent interactions, respectively. Spin labeling and spin probing techniques for polymers and polymer systems (especially with nitroxide radicals) have also been studied, which have a profound impact on polymer science. This review focuses on the continuous wave EPR technique and introduces the recent advances in spin labeled polymers and spin probed polymer systems in EPR research.
Accurate measurement of the ion saturation current collected by a cylindrical Langmuir probe in cold plasmas
Authors: Díaz‐Cabrera Juan Manuel , Fernández Palop José I. , Regodón Guillermo F. , Ballesteros Jerónimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes the results of accurate measurements of the ion current collected by a cylindrical Langmuir probe immersed in cold argon, neon, and helium plasmas. These measurements make it possible to study the influence of the positive ion‐to‐electron temperature ratio β = T+/Te on the collected ion current, providing valuable information about the trajectory described by the positive ions when falling toward the probe. Several criteria have been applied to discriminate whether the ion current is described by using the orbital motion limited theory or the radial motion theory. In all the studied argon and neon plasma discharge conditions, the criteria indicate that the positive ion current collected by the probe is appropriately described by the radial motion theory; however, as β increases, some criteria indicate a trend toward the orbital theory. In contrast, for the studied helium plasmas discharge conditions, a transition from radial to orbital motion has been measured.
Research on the safety assessment of RC workshop buildings in earthquake site based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Authors: Sun Baitao , Zhang Xianhui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe safety assessment of damaged buildings in earthquake site, which is always performed by experienced experts and is very important during the postearthquake emergency period. However, the conclusions often vary from person to person because of the limited number of experts and the differences in their knowledge, backgrounds, specific research directions, and practical field experience. Therefore, it is necessary to find a fast and accurate calculation model. A single‐story reinforced concrete column workshop is taken as an example in this paper. The earthquake damage assessment analysis and component detail earthquake damage are appraised according to the experts' previous earthquake experience and the qualitative provisions in the standard “Post‐earthquake Field Works, Part 2: Safety Assessment of Buildings” (GB18208.2‐2001). Based on these, the detail seismic damage is quantified. A mathematical model for the safety assessment of the single‐story reinforced concrete column workshop is established by quantifying the relevant qualitative provisions in the national standards and applying the two‐level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The model is simple to use, which enables the general safety evaluators to share the experts' experience and minimizes the differences among the assessment results of different evaluators.
Pani‐Ag/PVA nanocomposite: Gamma induced changes in the thermal and optical characteristics
Authors: Alhazime Ali A. , Benthami Kaoutar A. , Alsobhi Bahia O. , Ali Ghareib W. , Nouh Samir A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe gamma (γ) induced modifications in the synthesized Pani‐Ag/PVA nanocomposite (NCP) thermal and optical characteristics have been depicted. The induced effect was investigated applying X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and UV‐spectroscopy. Further, the color intensity (ΔE) of the irradiated NCP and blank has been estimated. The γ radiation decreases the optical band gap value from 2.65 to 1.54 eV owing to the randomly amorphous dominance in the irradiated NCP. Moreover, γ radiation induced noticeable defects generation, splitting the crystals, leading to depressed melting temperature.
Increased irrigation water salinity enhances nitrate transport to deep unsaturated soil
Authors: Weissman Gal , Bel Golan , Ben‐Gal Alon , Yermiyahu Uri , Alexandrov Boian , Rasmussen Kim Ørskov , Dahan Ofer 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExcessive use of N fertilizers in agriculture often leads to NO3− accumulation in the unsaturated zone and to groundwater pollution. There is uncertainty regarding the variability in fertilizer transport and uptake efficiency due to the lack of studies based on continuous nondestructive measurements in unsaturated soils. In this study, we analyzed solute dynamics across the unsaturated zone underlying cultivated agricultural fields. Commercial crop rotations under four treatments, comprising two N fertilization regimes and two irrigation water salinity levels, were conducted in loess soil in the semiarid climate of the northern Negev Desert, Israel. The impact of the various treatments on water and solute dynamics below the root zone was monitored by a vadose zone monitoring system. The patterns of variations in soil water content and solute concentrations were analyzed using nonnegative tensor factorization. We found that irrigating using higher salinity water resulted in the earlier arrival of wetting fronts to the deeper layers and increased NO3− concentrations relative to the lower salinity treatments. Surprisingly, this effect was only seen in the deeper soil levels, whereas there was no significant difference in the arrival times and concentrations in the upper soil layers. Possible mechanisms are suggested and discussed.
The Intersectionality of Leadership and Spiritual Development Through Mentoring
Authors: Nolan‐Arañez Shannon I. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEducational environments have the capacity to cultivate transformative leaders who can resolve global issues and move society toward a positive social change. This chapter focuses on the value of mentorship and community‐based service projects to support students’ spiritual and leadership development. Lessons learned via a university case study of intergenerational mentoring are included.
Surgical Consideration Based on Lymph Nodes Spread Patterns in Patients with Peripheral Right Middle Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer 3 cm or Less
Authors: Wang Rulan , Deng Han‐Yu , Zhou Jie , Jiang Rui , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal extent of lung resection and lymph nodes dissection for peripheral early‐stage right middle non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed the patterns of lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) of patients with peripheral right middle NSCLC ≤ 3 cm, aiming to provide evidences for surgical choice for early‐stage peripheral right middle lobe NSCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed with peripheral right middle lobe NSCLC ≤ 3 cm between January 2015 and December 2019. The LNM patterns were analyzed by tumor size.ResultsA total of 60 patients were included for analysis. The tumor size was preoperatively divided as follows: ≤ 1 cm (13 patients); > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm (36 patients); > 2 cm but ≤ 3 cm (11 patients). Fifty‐four patients were categorized as N0 group, 1 patient as N1 group, and 5 patients as N2 group. In the upper zone, 3 patients were found to have LNM. In the subcarinal zone, another 3 patients had LNM. But the lymph nodes of all these patients were negative in the lower zone. In station 10, 1 patient (1.67%) was found to have LNM, while in station 11–13, 2 patients (3.33%) were found to have LNM.ConclusionFor the right middle lobe peripheral NSCLC ≤ 1 cm, sublobar resection with lymph node sampling may be a feasible treatment. For cancers > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm, lobectomy with lobe‐specific lymph node dissection (especially station 2R and 4R) may be a preferred choice. For tumors > 2 cm but ≤ 3 cm, lobectomy with systematic lymph node dissection may still be the standard of care.
Carbonate mineral identification and quantification in sediment matrices using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy
Authors: So Rachel T. , Blair Neal E. , Masterson Andrew L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCarbonate minerals are a major reservoir in the global carbon cycle and a key player in the sequestration and emission of atmospheric CO2. In addition to the minerals’ frequent use in agriculture and construction, carbonate formation has been targeted for anthropogenic CO2 sequestration. Due to carbonate’s importance in geological and anthropogenic realms, research on carbonate characterization and quantification is of interest. Here, we demonstrate a method to identify and quantify calcite (CaCO3) and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) in sediment matrices using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Needing only a few minutes per sample, DRIFTS is a rapid technique that does not require hazardous chemicals and does not destroy samples during analysis. We selected the 2515 ± 9 cm−1 absorbance bands for quantification as they exhibited little interference from sediment matrix minerals and large peak areas relative to other bands. The DRIFTS technique was compared to the traditional acidification headspace analysis method on artificial mixtures of sediment and carbonate as well as natural lake bed and river bank samples from the Upper Sangamon River Basin in Illinois, USA. DRIFTS offers an additional advantage over acidification in that it permits carbonate mineral identification simultaneously with its quantification. Though DRIFTS estimates were higher, a good correlation was found between DRIFTS and acidification estimates for both lake sediments (R2 = 0.99) and bank samples (R2 = 0.92), indicating DRIFTS is a reliable method for carbonate quantification in sediment matrices.
Positive temperature effects on the initiation and intensity of cannibalistic behaviour of larval pike, Esox lucius L. Is cannibalism reflected in otolith fluctuating asymmetry?
Authors: Greszkiewicz Martyna , Fey Dariusz P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCannibalism can be a significant factor limiting the survival of pike, Esox lucius, early life stages in both natural and aquaculture conditions. In the present research, type I cannibalism was studied in pike larvae (size range: 9–32.5 mm standard length, SL) in controlled conditions for 45 days post-hatching (dph). For this purpose, the occurrence of cannibalistic pairs, i.e. prey caught by a cannibal inside the cannibal’s mouth, was monitored for 15 min periods by two observers six times daily. Cannibalism was not observed in fish that still had yolk-sacs, but it did occur as soon as the yolk-sac was absorbed on 5 dph at a body size of 13 mm at 22 °C and 10 dph at a body size of 13.4 mm at 15 °C. The ratio of prey to predator size was on average 87%, but the smallest observed size difference was only 1.3%. The intensity of cannibalistic attacks depended on water temperature with more intense cannibalism at 22 °C than at 15 °C, and no cannibalism at 10 °C. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in all three sagittal otolith size parameters (area, width, and length) was higher in prey than in cannibals, the differences were not statistically significant.
Micro-tensile behavior of Scots pine sapwood after heat treatments in superheated steam or pressurized hot water
Authors: Altgen Michael , Awais Muhammad , Altgen Daniela , Kyyrö Suvi , Seppäläinen Hanna , Rautkari Lauri 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Heat treatments reduce the strength and ductility of wood, but the extent depends on the direction of load and the treatment conditions applied. The tensile behavior of wood is very sensitive to heat treatments, but there is a lack of understanding how this is related to different heat treatment conditions. In this study, we treated homogeneous micro-veneers under different time-, temperature-, and moisture-environments and compared the effect on the tensile behavior of the treated veneers based on their chemical composition changes. The results confirmed the adverse effect of the preferential hemicellulose removal on the strength and toughness of wood. However, chemical composition changes could not fully explain the tensile behavior of dry heat-treated wood, which showed an additional loss in maximum load and work in traction at the same residual hemicellulose content compared to wet heat-treated wood. The scission of cellulose chains as well as the enhanced cross-linking of the cell wall matrix under dry heat conditions and elevated temperatures was discussed as additional factors. The enhanced cross-linking of the cell wall matrix helped in preserving the tensile properties when testing the veneers in water-saturated state, but may have also promoted the formation of cracks that propagated across the cell wall during tensile loading.

Graphic abstract
Safety evaluation of LD27-2 WHPB platform based on rod pumping
Authors: Yu Yanqun , Huang Xiaoguang , Yin Zhiming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of heavy oil with high efficiency is a worldwide difficulty for offshore oil field. The technology of rod pumping provides a possible effective way for offshore heavy oil thermal recovery, but the safety of working platform is the prerequisite for the implementation of this new technology. In this paper, the mechanical model of LD27-2 WHPB platform is established, and the safety performance of the platform under hydraulic pumping unit (HPU) load is evaluated. The distribution of the combined HPU load accords with the classical probability model. When the HPUs are all synchronous, the combined load reaches its maximum. The finite element-based platform safety analysis under the extreme condition is carried out. Under the combined action of wave current, wind load and the extreme HPU load, the maximum stress of the jacket is 83.2 MPa, and the safety coefficient is 4.33, indicating the overall strength of LD27-2 WHPB platform meets the safety requirement.
A new approach to heterogeneity analysis in a highly complex carbonate reservoir by using borehole image and conventional log data
Authors: Tadayoni Mehdi , Khalilbeyg Mahmoudreza , Bin Junin Radzuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study outstretches a new method to specify the heterogeneity of the studied reservoir by combining BHI (Borehole Image Log) and conventional log data for 4 existing wells. The first step to achieve this goal was utilizing borehole electrical images to assess the quantity of vugs/modals fraction and porosity distribution. Spectrum porosity was calculated through probabilistic analysis based on core and FMI data which has specified two general types of porosity in studied field as primary porosity (microporosities and intercrystalline) and secondary porosity (vugs). Due to irregular dispersion, non-categorization, and scattering of the porosity–permeability graph obtained from laboratory core data, next step was using petrophysical image facies prediction for generating an electrical facies to incorporate the different reservoir quality. This lithology (litho types) is produced by BHI analysis which reflects geological and petrophysical properties of the field. Then a porosity–permeability cross-plot has been made based on core data and produced facies codes which build in the previous step to check the validity of BHI Facies code extraction. Finally, heterogeneity analysis has been done through an innovative step-by-step workflow to determine spectrum porosity log which is divided into 6 categories/portions as Resistive, Matrix, Isolated, Connected, Bed boundaries and Fractures porosity.
A group-key-based sensitive attribute protection in cloud storage using modified random Fibonacci cryptography
Authors: Sumathi M. , Sangeetha S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCloud computing is an eminent technology for providing a data storage facility with efficient storage, maintenance, management and remote backups. Hence, user data are shifted from customary storage to cloud storage. In this transfer, the sensitive attributes are also shifted to cloud storage with high-end security. Current security techniques are processed with high encryption time and provide identical security of entire data with single key dependent. These processes are taking high computational time and leaks entire information if the key is hacked. The proposed Group Key Based Attribute Encryption using Modified Random Fibonacci Cryptographic (MRFC) technique rectifies these issues. Instead of machine learning technique, data owner preference-based attributes segregation is used to divide an input dataset into sensitive and non-sensitive attribute groups. Based on inter-organization usage and data owner’s willingness, sensitive attribute is divided into ‘n + 1′ subgroups and each subgroup is encrypted by ‘n + 1’ group keys. The encrypted sensitive subgroups are merged with non-sensitive attributes and uploaded into a private cloud. The novelties of this paper are, (1) data owner preferred sensitive attribute classification instead of machine learning algorithms, (2) sensitive attribute encryption instead of entire attributes, (3) To reduce encryption time without compromising data owner privacy, (4) To decrypt and access the required subgroup instead of the entire attribute. Our experimental results show that, the proposed method takes minimal processing time, better classification accuracy and minimal memory space with high security to selected attributes as compared to existing classification and security techniques. Hence, sensitive data security and privacy is achieved with minimal processing cost.
One Stone Four Birds: A Novel Liposomal Delivery System Multi-functionalized with Ginsenoside Rh2 for Tumor Targeting Therapy
Authors: Hong Chao , Liang Jianming , Xia Jiaxuan , Zhu Ying , Guo Yizhen , Wang Anni , Lu Chunyi , Ren Hongwei , Chen Chen , Li Shiyi , Wang Dan , Zhan Huaxing , Wang Jianxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiposomes hold great potential in anti-cancer drug delivery and the targeting treatment of tumors. However, the clinical therapeutic efficacy of liposomes is still limited by the complexity of tumor microenvironment (TME) and the insufficient accumulation in tumor sites. Meanwhile, the application of cholesterol and polyethylene glycol (PEG), which are usually used to prolong the blood circulation and stabilize the structure of liposomes respectively,
has been questioned due to various disadvantages. Herein, we developed a ginsenoside Rh2-based multifunctional liposome system (Rh2-lipo) to effectively address these challenges once for all. Different with the conventional ‘wooden’ liposomes, Rh2-lipo is a much more brilliant carrier with multiple functions. In Rh2-lipo, both cholesterol and PEG were substituted by Rh2, which works as membrane stabilizer, long-circulating stealther, active targeting ligand, and chemotherapy adjuvant at the same time. Firstly, Rh2 could keep the stability of liposomes and avoid the shortcomings caused by cholesterol. Secondly, Rh2-lipo showed a specifically prolonged circulation behavior in the blood. Thirdly, the accumulation of the liposomes in the tumor was significantly enhanced by the interaction of glucose transporter of tumor cells with Rh2. Fourth, Rh2-lipo could remodel the structure and reverse the immunosuppressive environment in TME. When tested in a 4T1 breast carcinoma xenograft model, the paclitaxel-loaded Rh2-lipo realized high efficient tumor growth suppression. Therefore, Rh2-lipo not only innovatively challenges the position of cholesterol as a liposome component, but also provides another innovative potential system with multiple functions for anti-cancer drug delivery.