bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual and Reproductive Health Characteristics of Women in Substance Use Treatment in Michigan
Authors: MacAfee Lauren K. , Harfmann Roxanne F. , Cannon Lindsay M. , Kolenic Giselle , Kusunoki Yasamin , Terplan Mishka , Dalton Vanessa K. 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the sexual and reproductive health characteristics of women in treatment for opioid use disorder in Michigan and explore services provided and desired.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional study of female patients aged 18–50 years who accessed opioid use disorder treatment at 22 randomly selected facilities in Michigan from December 2015 to May 2017. Computer-assisted self-interviews were completed using online survey management software to assess prior substance use and use disorder treatment, sexual and reproductive health history, and sexual and reproductive health services received in the previous 12 months through a treatment program, and desire for and barriers to sexual and reproductive health services within substance use disorder treatment. Descriptive statistics were calculated.

RESULTS:
The final sample consisted of 260 participants. About half (51.5%) had ever had an abnormal Pap test result, and 57.3% had ever tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection. Unintended pregnancy was common (61.2%), as was substance use during pregnancy (74.2%). Nearly half (46.5%) were not currently using a method of contraception, and only 28.5% were using a highly effective method. Common barriers to accessing reproductive health services included fear of being treated poorly or judged because of substance use, fear of child protective services, and structural barriers such as cost and lack of transportation. Most participants (80.4%) indicated interest in receiving sexual and reproductive health services on site or by referral from their substance use disorder treatment programs.

CONCLUSION:
Women in treatment for opioid use disorder in Michigan have high rates of adverse sexual and reproductive health experiences and face barriers to accessing care.
Selection of Distal Fusion Level for Lenke 5 Curve
Authors: Shu Shibin , Bao Hongda , Zhang Yuancheng , Gu Qi , Zhang Tianyuan , Jing Wenting , Liu Zhen , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: January 2020

Study Design.
A retrospective analysis.

Objective.
To evaluate whether the rotation of the presumed lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) on baseline convex side-bending (SB) radiographs leads to distal adding-on in Lenke 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients.

Summary of Background Data.
In Lenke 1A patients, derotation of the presumed LIV on baseline bending films is important owing to the association between LIV rotation and postoperative distal adding-on. However, the relationship between distal adding-on and derotation of the presumed LIV in Lenke 5C patients remains unknown.

Methods.
Eighty-five Lenke 5C patients with a minimum of 2-year follow-up for posterior fusion were enrolled. L3 was selected as the LIV in all patients. Patients were divided into the presumed LIV derotation (DR group) and nonderotation (NDR group) groups according to derotation of the presumed LIV on SB films. Radiographic parameters, including Cobb angle, coronal balance, lower disc angle of LIV, LIV tilt, and LIV translation, were measured pre- and postoperatively.

Results.
Distal adding-on occurred in 16 patients (18.8%) at the final follow-up: 2 patients (10%) in the DR group and 14 patients (21.5%) in the NDR group (P = 0.248). Distal adding-on incidence was not greatly reduced with derotation of the presumed LIV on SB films at baseline. In the NDR group, the immediately postoperative lower disc angle of the LIV, LIV tilt, and LIV translation were significantly smaller in patients without than in those with distal adding-on (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the immediately postoperative LIV tilt and LIV translation were significant predictors of distal adding-on.

Conclusion.
Derotation of the presumed LIV on SB films may hint less risk of distal adding-on in Lenke 5C patients. Nevertheless, horizontalization of the LIV and minimizing LIV translation during correction could reduce the risk of distal adding-on despite the presence of LIV rotation at baseline.

Level of Evidence: 4
Choice of the Open Side in Unilateral Open-Door Laminoplasty for Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Authors: Tang Yifan , Zhou Shengyuan , Wang Zhiwei , Huang Wenmao , Jia Lianshun , Chen Xiongsheng 
Published: January 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
To determine the optimal open side in unilateral open-door laminoplasty (UODL) for lateral cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Summary of Background Data.
No literature has reported which side of the vertebral arch should be chosen as the open side in UODL for lateral cervical OPLL.

Methods.
Patients with lateral cervical OPLL who were treated with UODL between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed in two groups: Group A, where the open side was contralateral to the ectopic bone, and Group B, where the open side was ipsilateral to the ectopic bone. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) Score, JOA recovery rate, spinal canal enlargement rate, cervical range of motion (ROM), and spinal cord area (SCA) were measured to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed by t test and Hotelling T2 test.

Results.
There was no significant difference in patient demographics and major complications between the two groups. The postoperative JOA Score and JOA recovery rate in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B. There was no significant difference in cervical ROM within or between the two groups during the 2-year follow-up period, nor was there significant difference in spinal canal enlargement between the two groups. However, both postoperative SCA and increased SCA in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B.

Conclusion.
The contralateral open side approach is preferable to the ipsilateral open side approach in UODL for lateral cervical OPLL.Level of Evidence: 3
HYPERAUTOFLUORESCENT SPOTS IN ACUTE OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS
Authors: Mathis Thibaud , Delaunay Benoit , Favard Catherine , Denis Philippe , Kodjikian Laurent 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the fundus autofluorescence patterns in acute ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) and to correlate these findings with other imaging.

Methods:
A retrospective multicenter case series of 27 eyes from 27 patients with acute onset of posterior OT was conducted. Multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence was performed at diagnosis and during follow-up.

Results:
All OT lesions were hypoautofluorescent on fundus autofluorescence imaging. Fourteen patients (51.8%) also had hyperautofluorescent spots around the active foci that disappeared after retinal photobleaching. Although these spots were not seen on early phase of indocyanine green angiography, they become hypofluorescent in the late phase without choriocapillaris flow impairment on optical coherence tomography angiography. On B-scan spectral domain optical coherence tomography, spots corresponded to outer retinal alterations in all cases. All hyperautofluorescent spots disappeared during follow-up as acute OT resolved. Younger patients and those with more posterior inflammatory symptoms (vasculitis and/or papillitis) were more frequent with the presence of hyperautofluorescent spots.

Conclusion:
Ocular toxoplasmosis may trigger a transient outer retinal disruption in eyes with marked inflammatory symptoms of the younger patients.
Radial Forearm Free Flap for Cochlear Implant Coverage in a Post-Irradiated Field
Authors: Dewyer Nicholas A. , Sethi Rosh K. , Yamasaki Alisa , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
To describe a novel use of a radial forearm free flap (RFFF) for soft tissue coverage over a cochlear implant (CI) in a post-irradiated field.

Patients:
Single patient case report of a woman with a history of radiation therapy for brainstem astrocytoma who suffered from repeated CI extrusion despite tympanomastoid obliteration and locoregional pedicled flap soft tissue coverage.

Intervention(s):
Sequential bilateral, single-staged revision cochlear implantation with RFFF soft tissue coverage.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Postoperative wound healing complications including infection or device extrusion.

Results:
There have been no further issues with wound healing, infection, or device extrusion with a follow up period of 3 years on one side and 8 months on the second side. Both CIs are functioning well with the flaps being sufficiently thin to allow for the use of typical external processor magnets.

Conclusions:
A RFFF can be used to provide robust soft tissue coverage over a CI in a post-irradiated field. The RFFF and CI may safely be performed in a single operation.
Use of IL-5 Inhibitor Benralizumab as a Novel Therapy for Eosinophilic Otitis Media: Clinical Capsule and Review of Literature
Authors: Chow Kevin , Cosetti Maura K. 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
We report a case of recurrent eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) successfully treated with the novel monoclonal IL-5 inhibitor benralizumab. We also review literature relevant to EOM diagnosis and potential for biologic treatment.

Patient:
A 24-year-old woman with bilateral otitis media with effusion unresponsive to standard treatment.

Intervention(s):
Multidisciplinary treatment using subcutaneous benralizumab after diagnosis of EOM.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Behavioral audiometry, peripheral serology, otomicroscopy, and eosinophilic otitis media symptom severity.

Results:
Recalcitrant otitis media with effusion (OME) in the setting of nasal polyposis and asthma prompted clinical suspicion for EOM, which was confirmed by pathologic examination of middle ear effusion and soft tissue biopsy. Treatment with benralizumab was initiated by pulmonology and well-tolerated. Within 2 months of treatment onset there was a cessation of EOM symptoms, a reduction of peripheral eosinophil levels, and an improvement in conductive hearing loss.

Conclusions:
Monoclonal antibodies such as benralizumab may be an effective treatment option for EOM. A high level of clinical suspicion in patients with bronchial asthma, nasal polyposis, and recalcitrant OME may allow early diagnosis of EOM. Awareness of emerging biologic treatment options is important in the management of this challenging entity and may prevent long-term sequelae.
Progression of Subclinical Vascular Damage in People Living With HIV Is Not Predicted by Current Cardiovascular Risk Scores: A Prospective 3-Year Study
Authors: Kapelios Chris J. , Argyris Antonios A. , Protogerou Athanase D. , Katsarolis Ioannis , Arida Aikaterini , Papadopoulou Martha , Ntaroutsou Eirini , Kitas George , Sfikakis Petros P. , Psichogiou Mina 
Published: January 2020

Background:
People living with HIV (PLWH) are at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Traditional CVD risk scores do not accurately reflect their CVD risk. Noninvasive subclinical vascular damage (SVD) biomarkers are valid surrogates of CVD and able to stratify CVD risk.

Setting:
We tested whether 4 widely applied CVD risk scores [Framingham (FRS), Atherosclerotic CVD, Data Collection on Adverse Effects of Anti-HIV Drugs Study (D:A:D), and Greek-specific European Society of Cardiology (ESC) risk scores] are associated with or detect the presence, incidence, and progression of arteriosclerosis, atheromatosis, and arterial hypertrophy in PLWH and uninfected individuals.

Methods:
We prospectively examined (at baseline and 3-year follow-up) 10 different arterial sites applying 5 different noninvasive vascular biomarkers and measured all 4 CVD risk scores at baseline.

Results:
In both PLWH (n = 138) and uninfected (n = 664) individuals, the CVD risk scores (except the ESC) performed differently but reasonably well in identifying the presence of SVD, but all scores failed to predict the incidence/progression of overall SVD. The most clinically useful biomarkers (carotid plaque/atheromatosis) revealed that in PLWH, only the FRS was able to stratify the progression (11% of the low-risk, 33.3% of the medium-risk, and 0% of the high-risk group).

Conclusions:
This extensive vascular phenotyping study demonstrated the clear need to incorporate vascular imaging in CVD risk stratification, in addition to designing more accurate HIV-specific CVD risk models. The use of FRS would further enable treatment optimization and CVD prevention strategies in PLWH at medium CVD risk because one-third of carotid atheromatosis progresses within 3 years.
The Free Serratus-Rib Flap for Orbital Floor Reconstruction After Oncologic Resection
Authors: Kraft Casey T. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Skoracki Roman J. 
Published: January 2020

Introduction
Maxillary cancer is relatively rare but devastating for those affected with the disease. For patients who require suprastructural or total maxillectomy for oncologic resection, the resection of the orbital floor can be challenging to reconstruct. The serratus-rib flap is a well-known and useful method of head and neck reconstruction, albeit infrequently used. However, the serratus-rib flap has not previously been described for reconstruction of the orbital floor and has the potential to provide excellent globe support after orbital floor resection in patients after undergoing maxillectomy.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who had undergone orbital floor reconstruction using the serratus-rib osteomyofascial free flap by the senior author throughout their career. Surgical technique, postoperative course, complications, and additional required procedures were evaluated.

Results
Six patients were found to have undergone the serratus-rib osteomyofascial free flap for orbital floor reconstruction. Average follow-up was 26.7 months from initial surgery. Fifty percent of patients had later minor revision surgery such as fat grafting or scar revision. No patients had any significant complications, and all patients were noted to have good ocular function without diplopia postoperatively.

Conclusion
The serratus-rib osteomyofascial free flap is an efficacious method for reconstruction of the orbital floor after oncologic resection. Surgeons should consider this flap when performing orbital floor reconstruction, particularly when dead space also needs to be filled with the use of a free flap.
Informative Frailty Indices from Binarized Biomarkers
Authors: Stubbings Garrett , Farrell Spencer , Mitnitski Arnold , Rockwood Kenneth , Rutenberg Andrew 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFrailty indices (FI) based on continuous valued health data, such as obtained from blood and urine tests, have been shown to be predictive of adverse health outcomes. However, creating FI from such biomarker data requires a binarization treatment that is difficult to standardize across studies. In this work, we explore a “quantile” methodology for the generic treatment of biomarker data that allows us to construct an FI without preexisting medical knowledge (i.e. risk thresholds) of the included biomarkers. We show that our quantile approach performs as well as, or even slightly better than, established methods for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) data sets. Furthermore, we show that our approach is robust to cohort effects within studies as compared to other data-based methods. The success of our binarization approaches provides insight into the robustness of the FI as a health measure, the upper limits of the FI observed in various data sets, and highlights general difficulties in obtaining absolute scales for comparing FI between studies.
Assessment of Brain Glucose Metabolism Following Cardiac Arrest by [18F]FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Zhang Hannah J. , Mitchell Samuel , Fang Yong-Hu , Tsai Hsiu-Ming , Piao Lin , Ousta Alaa , Leoni Lara , Chen Chin-Tu , Sharp Willard W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiac arrest (CA) patients who survived by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can present different levels of neurological deficits ranging from minor cognitive impairments to persistent vegetative state and brain death. The pathophysiology of the resulting brain injury is poorly understood and whether changes in post-CA brain metabolism contribute to the injury are unknown. Here we utilized [18F]FDG-PET to studyin vivocerebral glucose metabolism 72 hours following CA in a murine cardiac arrest model.MethodsAnesthetized and ventilated adult C57BL/6 mice underwent 12-minute KCl-induced CA followed by CPR. Seventy-two hours following cardiac arrest, surviving mice were intraperitoneally injected with [18F]FDG (~186 μCi/200 μL) and imaged on Molecubes preclinical micro PET/CT imaging systems after a 30-minute awake uptake period. Brain [18F]FDG uptake was determined by the VivoQuant software on fused PET/CT images with the 3D brain atlas. Upon completion of PET imaging, remaining [18F]FDG radioactivity in the brain, heart, and liver was determined using a gamma counter.ResultsGlobal increases in brain [18F]FDG uptake in post-CA mice were observed compared to shams and controls. The median standardized uptake value (SUV) of [18F]FDG for CA animals was 1.79 vs. sham 1.25 (p<0.05) and control animals 0.78 (p<0.01). This increased uptake was consistent throughout the 60-minute imaging period and across all brain regions reaching statistical significance in the midbrain, pons, and medulla. Biodistribution analyses of various key organs yielded similar observations that the median [18F]FDG uptake for brain were 7.04%ID/g tissue for CA mice vs 5.537%ID/g tissue for sham animals, p<0.05).ConclusionsThis study has successfully applied [18F]FDG-PET/CT to measure changes in brain metabolism in a murine model of asystolic CA. Our results demonstrate increased [18F]FDG uptake in the brain 72 hours following CA, suggesting increased metabolic demand in the case of severe neurological injury. Further study is warranted to determine the etiology of these changes.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Cocaine, Drug Removal and Methylphenidate Alter Phospholipids in Drosophila Brain
Authors: Philipsen Mai H. , Phan Nhu T. N. , Fletcher John S. , Ewing Andrew G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCocaine dependence displays a broad impairment in cognitive performance including attention, learning and memory. To obtain a better understanding of the action of cocaine in the nervous system, and the relation between phospholipids and memory, we have investigated whether phospholipids recover in the brain following cocaine removal using the fly model,Drosophila. In addition, the effects of methylphenidate, a substitute medication for cocaine dependence, on fly brain lipids after cocaine abuse are also determined to see if it can rescue the lipid changes caused by cocaine. Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry with a (CO2)6000+gas cluster ion beam was used to detect intact phospholipids. We show that cocaine has persistent effects, both increasing and decreasing the levels of specific phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylinositols. These changes remain after cocaine withdrawal and are not rescued by methylphenidate. Cocaine is again shown to generally increase the levels of phosphatidylcholines in the fly brain; however, after drug withdrawal the abundance of these lipids returns to the original level and methylphenidate treatment of the flies following cocaine exposure enhances the reversal of the lipid level reducing them below the original control. The study provides insight into the molecular effects of cocaine and methylphenidate on brain lipids. We suggest that phosphatidylcholine could be a potential target for the treatment of cocaine abuse, as well as be a significant hallmark of cognition and memory loss with cocaine.
A novel cross talk of AtRAV1, an ethylene responsive transcription factor with MAP kinases imparts broad spectrum disease resistance in plants
Authors: Chandan Ravindra Kumar , Kumar Rahul , Swain Durga Madhab , Ghosh Srayan , Bhagat Prakash Kumar , Patel Sunita , Bagler Ganesh , Sinha Alok Krishna , Jha Gopaljee 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPlant diseases pose a serious threat to sustainable agriculture as controlling them in eco-friendly manner remains a challenge. In this study, we establish RAV1 as a master transcriptional regulator of defense genes in model plant Arabidopsis. The overexpression ofAtRAV1provided disease resistance against necrotrophic fungal pathogen (Rhizoctonia solani)infection inA. thaliana. The transgenic lines exhibited enhanced expression of several defense genes including mitogen associated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the amplitude of their expression was further enhanced upon pathogen infection. Conversely, theatrav1mutant plants were unable to induce the expression of these defense genes and were highly susceptible to infection. Our data suggests that upon pathogen attack, AtRAV1 transcriptionally upregulate the expression ofMAPKs(AtMPK3, AtMPK4andAtMPK6) and AtMPK3 and AtMPK6 are essential for AtRAV1 mediated disease resistance. Further, we demonstrate that AtRAV1 is a phosphorylation target of AtMPK3 (but not AtMPK6) and the phospho-defective variants of AtRAV1 are unable to induce disease resistance inA. thaliana. Considering the presence of AtRAV1 orthologs in diverse plant species, we propose that they can be gainfully deployed to control economically important diseases. In deed we observe that overexpression of tomato ortholog ofAtRAV1(SlRAV1) provides broad spectrum disease resistance against bacterial (Ralstonia solanacearum), fungal (R. solani) and viral (Tomato leaf curl virus) infections in tomato.
COP1 destabilizes DELLA proteins inArabidopsis
Authors: Blanco-Touriñán Noel , Legris Martina , Minguet Eugenio G. , Costigliolo-Rojas Cecilia , Nohales María A. , Iniesto Elisa , García-León Marta , Pacín Manuel , Heucken Nicole , Blomeier Tim , Locascio Antonella , Černý Martin , Esteve-Bruna David , Díez-Díaz Mónica , Brzobohatý Břetislav , Frerigmann Henning , Zurbriggen Matías D. , Kay Steve A. , Rubio Vicente , Blázquez Miguel A. , Casal Jorge J. , Alabadí David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDELLA transcriptional regulators are central components in the control of plant body form in response to the environment. This is considered to be mediated by changes in the metabolism of the hormones gibberellins (GAs), which promote the degradation of DELLAs. However, here we show that warm temperature or shade reduced the stability of a GA-insensitive DELLA allele inArabidopsis. Furthermore, the degradation of DELLA induced by the warmth anticipated changes in GA levels and depended on the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1). COP1 enhanced the degradation of normal and GA-insensitive DELLA alleles when co-expressed inN. benthamiana.DELLA proteins physically interacted with COP1 in yeast, mammalian and plant cells. This interaction was enhanced by the COP1 complex partner SUPRESSOR OFphyA-1051 (SPA1). The level of ubiquitination of DELLA was enhanced by COP1 and COP1 ubiquitinated DELLA proteins in vitro. We propose that DELLAs are destabilized not only by the canonical GA-dependent pathway but also by COP1 and that this control is relevant for growth responses to shade and warm temperature.SignificanceDELLA proteins are plant-specific transcriptional regulators that act as signaling hubs at the interface between the environment and the transcriptional networks that control growth. DELLAs are destabilized by the growth-promoting hormone gibberellin, whose levels are very sensitive to environmental changes. Here we describe an alternative pathway to destabilize these proteins. We show that DELLAs are substrate of COP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that increases its nuclear activity to promote growth in response to shade or warmth. Our results also show that the destabilization of DELLAs by COP1 precedes the action of gibberellins, suggesting the existence of a sequential mechanism to control the stability of these proteins.