bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic role and therapeutic susceptibility of cathepsin in various types of solid tumor and leukemia: A systematic review
Authors: Hadad Elham Homaei , Ahmadzadeh Ahmad , Abooali Alireza , Saki Malehi Amal , Shokouhian Mohammad , Saki Najmaldin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCathepsins (CTSs) are multifunctional proteins that can play prominent roles in cancer progression and metastasis. In this systematic review, we compared the prognosis of CTS subtypes overexpression in leukemia and solid tumors, and investigated the effect of different factors on CTS prognosis. We systematically searched published articles indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, ISI Web of Science, and EmBase databases from February 2000 until January 2020. Among the selected leukemia and solid tumors studies, overexpression of CTS subtypes in newly diagnosed and treated patients were with poor prognosis in 43 studies (79.6%) and with good prognosis in 9 studies (16.6%). However, there were 2 studies (3.8%) with either good or poor prognosis, depending on conditions and caner stage and host cell. The relation between CTS and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in leukemia and solid tumors was mentioned in 7 studies (13%). Overexpression of CTS subtypes in all new case patients had contributed to the induction of poor prognosis. It seems that CTS subtypes, based on the type of cancer and its stage, the type of host cells, and the probable relation with HLA, breed good or poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Therefore, monitoring the overexpression of CTS subtypes and determining the effect of each of these factors on CTS prognosis could be helpful in predicting cancer prognosis both in newly diagnosed or under treatment patients. They could also be useful in finding ways for improving the efficiency of contemporary therapeutic strategies in various types of leukemia and solid tumors.
Transcriptional regulation of the bovine FGFR1 gene facilitates myoblast proliferation under hypomethylation of the promoter
Authors: Cheng Jie , Cao Xiu‐Kai , Peng Shu‐Jun , Wang Xiao‐Gang , Li Zhuang , Elnour Ibrahim‐Elsaeid , Huang Yong‐Zhen , Lan Xian‐Yong , Chen Hong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDNA methylation, which can affect the expression level of genes, is one of the most vital epigenetic modifications in mammals. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) plays an important role in muscle development; however, DNA methylation of the FGFR1 promoter has not been studied to date in cattle. Our study focused on methylation of the FGFR1 promoter and its effect on bovine myoblast proliferation and differentiation. We identified the FGFR1 core promoter by using luciferase reporter assays; we then studied FGFR1 expression by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the methylation pattern in the FGFR1 core promoter by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction in bovine muscle tissue at three different developmental stages. We used RNAi strategy to investigate the function of FGFR1 in myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Results showed that the FGFR1 core promoters were located at the R2 (−509 to ~−202 bp) and R4 (−1295 to ~−794 bp) regions upstream of the FGFR1 gene. FGFR1 expression level was negatively associated with the degree of methylation of the FGFR1 core promoter during the developmental process. In addition, we found that FGFR1 can promote myoblast proliferation, but had no effect on myoblast differentiation. In conclusion, our results suggest that FGFR1 can promote myoblast proliferation and its transcription can be regulated by the methylation level of the core promoter. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for the improvement of animal breeding.
Melatonin inhibits Müller cell activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production via upregulating the MEG3/miR‐204/Sirt1 axis in experimental diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Tu Yuanyuan , Zhu Manhui , Wang Zhenzhen , Wang Kun , Chen Lili , Liu Wangrui , Shi Qin , Zhao Qingliang , Sun Yake , Wang Xiaoyu , Song E. , Liu Xiaojuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common ocular complication caused by diabetes mellitus and is the main cause of visual impairment in working‐age people. Reactive gliosis and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production by Müller cells contribute to the progression of DR. Melatonin is a strong anti‐inflammatory hormone, mediating the cytoprotective effect of a variety of retinal cells against hyperglycemia. In this study, melatonin inhibited the gliosis activation and inflammatory cytokine production of Müller cells in both in vitro and in vivo models of DR. The melatonin membrane blocker, Luzindole, invalidated the melatonin‐mediated protective effect on Müller cells. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited Müller cell activation and pro‐inflammatory cytokine production by upregulating the long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3/miR‐204/sirtuin 1 axis. In conclusion, our study suggested that melatonin treatment could be a novel therapeutic strategy for DR.
Differential expression of the long and truncated Hv1 isoforms in breast‐cancer cells
Authors: Ventura Clara , Leon Ignacio Esteban , Asuaje Agustin , Martín Pedro , Enrique Nicolas , Núñez Mariel , Cocca Claudia , Milesi Verónica 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming of cancer cells results in a high production of acidic substances that must be extruded to maintain tumor‐cell viability. The voltage‐gated proton channel (Hv1) mediates highly selective effluxes of hydronium‐ion (H+) that prevent deleterious cytoplasmic acidification. In the work described here, we demonstrated for the first time that the amino‐terminal–truncated isoform of Hv1 is more highly expressed in tumorigenic breast‐cancer‐cell lines than in nontumorigenic breast cells. With respect to Hv1 function, we observed that pharmacologic inhibition of that channel, mediated by the specific blocker 5‐chloro‐2‐guanidinobenzimidazole, produced a drop in intracellular pH and a decrease in cell viability, both in monolayer and in three‐dimensional cultures, and adversely affected the cell‐cycle in tumorigenic breast cells without altering the cycling of nontumorigenic cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the Hv1 channel could be a potential tool both as a biomarker and as a therapeutic target in breast‐cancer disease.
Development of fan‐shaped tracker for single particle tracking
Authors: Jin Luhong , Zhao Fengqiang , Lin Wanni , Zhou Xiaoxu , Kuang Cuifang , Nedzved Alexander , Ablameyko Sergey , Liu Xu , Xu Yingke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the development of super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy, complex dynamic processes in living cells can be observed and recorded with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. Single particle tracking (SPT) is the most important step to explore the relationship between the spatio‐temporal dynamics of subcellular molecules and their functions. Although previous studies have developed SPT algorithms to quantitatively analyze particle dynamics in cell, traditional tracking methods have poor performance when dealing with intersecting trajectories. This can be attributed to two main reasons: (a) they do not have point compensation process for overlapping objects; (b) they use inefficient motion prediction models. In this paper, we present a novel fan‐shaped tracker (FsT) algorithm to reconstruct the trajectories of subcellular vesicles in living cells. We proposed a customized point compensation method for overlapping objects based on the fan‐shaped motion trend of the particles. Furthermore, we validated the performance of the FsT in both simulated time‐lapse movies with variable imaging quality and in real vesicle moving images. Meanwhile, we compared the performance of FsT with other five state‐of‐the‐art tracking algorithms by using commonly defined measures. The results showed that our FsT achieves better performance in high signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions and in tracking of overlapping objects. We anticipate that our FsT method will have vast applications in tracking of moving objects in cell.
High‐resolution mass spectrometry for bioanalytical applications: Is this the new gold standard?
Authors: Kaufmann Anton 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐based tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ) is termed the “gold standard” for bioanalytical applications because of its unpreceded selectivity, sensitivity, and the ruggedness of the technology. More recently, however, high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become increasingly popular for bioanalytical applications. Nonetheless, this technique is still viewed, either as a screening technology or as a research tool. Although HRMS is actively discussed during scientific conferences, it is yet to be widely utilised in routine laboratory settings and there remains a reluctance to use HRMS for quantitative measurements in regulated environments. This paper does not aim to comprehensively describe the potential of the latest HRMS technology, but rather, it focuses on what results can be obtained and outlines the author's experiences over a period of many years of the routine application of various forms of HRMS instrumentation. Fifteen years ago, some nine different QqQ methods were used in the author's laboratory to analyse a variety of different veterinary drug resides. Today, many more analytes are quantified by seven HRMS methods and just three QqQ methods remain in use for the analysis of a small set of compounds yet to be upgraded to HRMS analysis. This continual upgrading and migration of analytical methods were accompanied by regularly participating in laboratory proficiency tests (PTs). The PT reports (covering a range of analytes and analytical methods) were used to compare the accuracy of HRMS‐ versus QqQ‐based measurements. In the second part of this paper, the particular strengths and limitations of HRMS for both method development and routine measurements are critically discussed. This also includes some anecdotal experiences encountered when replacing QqQ assays with HRMS methods.
Southern hemisphere tropical cyclones: A critical analysis of regional characteristics
Authors: Pillay Micheal T. , Fitchett Jennifer M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe destructive nature of tropical cyclones poses a risk to the regions where they occur during and after landfall. Southern hemisphere countries are usually more vulnerable to these risks and impacts due to their lower adaptive capacity. Research for the northern hemisphere has comprehensively explored the nature of tropical cyclones. This information has since been applied to long‐term adaptation plans and short‐term evacuation plans. This study interrogates the characteristics and nature of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones and critically explores their differences to Northern Hemisphere storm characteristics. The differences found between the hemispheric storm activities include seasonality, number of storms and the latitudinal position at which these storms undergo genesis and intensification. Similarities were found in storm intensity, which was observed to increase with the time taken to reach maximum lifetime intensity. Higher sea surface temperatures were similarly found to be a major factor associated with increased intensity and lifetime of Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclone seasonality is also centred around the warmer months within each hemisphere. Compared to the Northern Hemisphere the tropical cyclone seasonal length indicates no increase. The magnitude of sea surface temperature increase is also lower in the Northern Hemisphere. These fundamental links observed with temperature in both hemispheres implicates climate warming and its impact on tropical cyclones in both hemispheres, regardless of their seasonality and frequency.
Raman and SEM‐EDS insights into technological aspects of Medieval and Renaissance ceramics from Southern Italy
Authors: Caggiani Maria Cristina , Barone Germana , de Ferri Lavinia , Laviano Rocco , Mangone Annarosa , Mazzoleni Paolo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn analytical investigation performed on Southern Italy pottery highlighted the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy to give answers to archaeological questions. It can provide important information concerning the production technology and raw materials constituting the glassy coatings. Raman spectroscopy was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) for observations and elemental analysis. The studied samples, ranging from the 13th century lead‐tin‐glazed protomajolica to the 15th –16th enamelled pottery, come from the Castles of Montella and Ariano Irpino (Campania), from the castles of Scicli and Modica and from surveys carried out in Buscemi and Caltagirone (Sicily). Glassy matrices, opacifying agents, colour‐related raw materials and body‐coating interface crystalline phases were investigated. Though the coatings resulted all typically lead‐rich glass types, lumps showing a different Raman profile suggested that at least in one case, the batch was adultered with recycled glass waste. Furthermore, samples coming from Montella, belonging to the three main classes of ceramics defined by archaeological hypothesis, could be grouped according to their cassiterite content. The crystallization of lead–potassium feldspars at the coating‐body interface in a group of samples was ascertained. With regard to the origin of colours, the spectra of blue coatings highlighted phases that can be traced back to the use of Co‐based and Co–As‐based raw materials, while turquoise decorations were found to contain malayaite.
Raw and roasted pistachio nuts (Pistacia vera L.) are ‘good’ sources of protein based on their digestible indispensable amino acid score as determined in pigs
Authors: Bailey Hannah M , Stein Hans H 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPistachio nuts may be consumed as raw nuts or as roasted nuts. However, there is limited information about the protein quality of the nuts, and amino acid (AA) digestibility and protein quality have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that raw and roasted pistachio nuts have a digestible indispensable AA score (DIAAS) and a protein digestibility corrected AA score (PDCAAS) greater than 75, thereby qualifying them as a good source of protein.RESULTSThe standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all indispensable AAs, except arginine and phenylalanine, was less in roasted pistachio nuts than in raw pistachio nuts (P < 0.05). Raw pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 73, and roasted pistachio nuts had a PDCAAS of 81, calculated for children 2–5 years, and the limiting AA in the PDCAAS calculation was threonine. The DIAAS values calculated for children older than 3 years, adolescents, and adults was 86 and 83 for raw and roasted pistachio nuts respectively. The limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachio nuts that determined the DIAAS for this age group was lysine.CONCLUSIONThe results of this research illustrate that raw and roasted pistachio nuts can be considered a good quality protein source with DIAAS greater than 75; however, processing conditions associated with roasting may decrease the digestibility of AAs in pistachio nuts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Formulating protein‐based beverages for the dysphagia diets of the elderly: viscosity, protein quality, in vitro digestion, and consumers acceptability
Authors: Štreimikytė Paulina , Keršienė Milda , Eisinaitė Viktorija , Jasutienė Ina , Lesauskaitė Vita , Damulevičienė Gytė , Knašienė Jurgita , Leskauskaitė Daiva 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDysphagia is defined as a disorder of the swallowing mechanism. The most common management of dysphagia is diet modification by thickening food and beverages. This study aimed to obtain protein‐based beverages for the dysphagia diets of the elderly, corresponding to the ‘honey’ (III) level of dysphagia fluids according to the National Dysphagia Diet classifications, and containing 100 g kg−1 of good‐quality proteins with a high rate of hydrolysis during digestion.RESULTSFour protein formulations made from pea proteins, milk proteins, a mixture of milk and pea proteins, and milk proteins with added konjac glucomannan, were evaluated on the basis of rheological characterization and proteolysis kinetics during in vitro digestion. The mixture of milk proteins and pea proteins, and the mixture of milk proteins with added konjac glucomannan, showed typical yielding pseudoplastic fluid behavior with similar apparent viscosity but different structural characteristics. These differences were the reason for the differences in proteolysis kinetics during digestion. The mixture of milk and pea proteins showed viscous liquid behavior and was more rapidly hydrolyzed under gastrointestinal conditions than mixtures containing milk proteins and konjac glucomannan acting as a weak gel system.CONCLUSIONWe presume that geriatric consumers with swallowing difficulties may benefit from ‘honey’‐level viscosity, protein‐based beverages containing pea and milk proteins through faster proteolysis and better bioaccessibility of amino acids during digestion. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Advances in automotive interior lighting concerning new LED approach and optical performance
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Hertlein Franziska , Hoffmann Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAutomotive interior lighting has to follow general trends in lighting and will therefore evolve toward hundreds and even thousands of RGB LEDs per car. Creating mood at day and night, pixelated sign‐like information, and theater‐like effects like welcome and goodbye messages are examples for outstanding user experience. Furthermore, safety features such as warnings and driving state are a must for autonomous cars. It requires new concepts for the whole interior lighting system to reach premium quality such as data rate (beyond today's bus standard for lighting), support for safety rules, compensation of temperature effects, daylight performance (including huge dimming range for night drive), uniformity in terms of luminance and color along the light guide, and mixing of red, green, and blue (RGB) with white. We report a new automotive RGB light‐emitting diode (LED) system that fulfills the above requirements and saves effort as well as cost by calibration before integration. Extensive studies were performed for daylight threshold evaluation with subjects and methods for judging on uniformity for direct‐lit RGB light guides based on the contrast sensitivity function and Gaussian fit of the LED luminance profile.
Study of Rocuronium–Sugammadex as an Alternative to Succinylcholine–Cisatracurium in Microlaryngeal Surgery
Authors: Aragón‐Benedí Cristian , Visiedo‐Sánchez Sara , Pascual‐Bellosta Ana , Ortega‐Lucea Sonia , Fernández‐Liesa Rafael , Martínez‐Ubieto Javier ,   Research Group in Anesthesia, Resuscitation AND Perioperative Medicine of Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón)
Published: April 2020

Objectives/HypothesisMicrolaryngeal surgery (ML) is a short procedure that requires a deep neuromuscular blockade to provide optimum surgical conditions. Succinylcholine is a relaxant widely used but involves numerous complications. One valid alternative is rocuronium, with a specific antagonist, sugammadex. The primary objective was to assess the surgical conditions in ML according to the relaxant. The secondary objectives were to assess intubation conditions and intraoperative and immediate postoperative adverse events.Study DesignProspective randomized study.MethodsThis was a prospective study of patients scheduled for ML randomized into two groups according to relaxant. Neuromuscular blockade was recorded after administration and during ML surgery. Surgical conditions were assessed using the ML Rating Scale, intubation conditions, remifentanil doses, intraoperative complications, surgery time, emergence time, and complications in the postanesthesia care unit.ResultsTwo hundred five patients were included (rocuronium = 103, succinylcholine = 102). Train‐of‐four values were higher for rocuronium, though the otorhinolaryngology surgical conditions were significantly better in that group (rocuronium = 5.54 ± 1.39 points; succinylcholine = 9.13 ± 1.99 points). Intubation conditions were similar in both groups. Remifentanil doses were higher for succinylcholine (P < .001) (rocuronium = 0.102 ± 0.05 μg/kg/min; succinylcholine = 0.201 ± 0.05 μg/kg/min). There were no differences in the duration of surgery, but the time to awakening was significantly longer for succinylcholine (rocuronium = 3.82 ± 1.38 minutes, succinylcholine = 9.18 ± 2.04 minutes, P < .001).ConclusionsRocuronium provides better surgical conditions and allows for the use of lower doses of remifentanil as compared to succinylcholine and cisatracurium in ML. This makes it possible to decrease the time to awakening and the complications associated with high doses of remifentanil.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 131:E212–E218, 2021
Cloudy with a chance of mesopredator release: Turbidity alleviates top‐down control on intermediate predators through sensory disruption
Authors: Reustle Joseph W. , Smee Delbert L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMesopredator release following top predator loss may reduce biodiversity and harm foundation species. We investigated the potential for moderate environmental changes to trigger mesopredator release by disrupting the foraging ability of top predators without affecting their abundance by performing an in situ experiment designed to isolate the magnitude of mesopredator effects on oyster reefs (Crassostrea virginica). In estuaries, fishes occupy upper trophic levels. Most are visual foragers and become less effective predators in high turbidity. Communities were 10% more diverse, fish predation was 20% higher, and oyster recruitment four times higher in low turbidity. Crab mesopredators were 10% larger and 260% more abundant in high turbidity. Caging treatments to exclude mesopredators significantly affected communities in high but not low turbidity. Oysters had 150% stronger shells in turbid areas, a known response to crabs that was indicative of higher crab abundance. These findings indicated that increased turbidity attenuated fish foraging ability without disrupting the foraging ability of mesopredators (e.g., crabs) that forage by chemoreception. Larger and more numerous crab mesopredators significantly affected oyster reef community structure as well as the survival and growth of oysters in turbid environments. In environments where apex predators and mesopredators utilize different sensory mechanisms, sensory‐mediated mesopredator release may occur when conditions affect the foraging ability of higher order predators but not their prey.
Liouville type theorems for Hardy–Hénon equations with concave nonlinearities
Authors: Dai Wei , Qin Guolin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the Hardy–Hénon equations
with and . Inspired by Serrin and Zou [25], we prove Liouville theorems for nonnegative solutions to the above Hardy–Hénon equations (Theorem 1.1 and Theorem 1.3), that is, the unique nonnegative solution is .