bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative pathways of liana communities in the forests of northwestern Argentina
Authors: Ceballos Sergio Javier , Malizia Agustina , Chacoff Natacha 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiana dynamics in secondary and mature forests are well known in tropical areas dominated by native tree species. Outside the tropics and in secondary forests invaded by exotic species, knowledge is scarce. In this study, we compare liana communities between secondary and mature forests dominated by native species in a subtropical montane area of Sierra de San Javier, Tucuman, Argentina. Additionally, we evaluate changes of liana communities in secondary forests with increasing densities of Ligustrum lucidum and Morus alba, two of the most invasive exotic trees of the area. We surveyed liana species richness and density in three 30‐year secondary patches, four 60‐year secondary patches, and four mature patches dominated by native tree species, to analyze changes in liana communities with forest age. Within each patch, we sampled 10–25 20 × 20 m quadrats. Additionally, we surveyed liana density and species richness in secondary forest patches with different densities of L. lucidum and M. alba. In native‐dominated forests, liana species richness increased and showed a tendency of increasing basal area from 30‐year secondary forests to mature forests. Liana density was highly variable, and most of the species were shared between native‐dominated secondary and mature forests. Liana density and species richness decreased with L. lucidum density, whereas in secondary forests highly dominated by M. alba, lianas increased in density. Overall, lianas followed different pathways influenced by native forest succession and exotic tree invasions.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Differences in architecture and performance between two sub‐canopy congeneric tropical tree species
Authors: Costa Rafael Carvalho da , Santos Flavio Antonio Maës dos 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report architectural divergence between two congeneric tropical tree species coexisting in the same stratum which suggests different strategies: reducing self‐shading and support costs, or maximizing light foraging. We found species‐specific differential performance across light environments, suggesting that architectural differentiation could facilitate the coexistence of species with similar vertical habitat.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Appropriate timing for a biochemical evaluation after adrenalectomy for unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma
Authors: Takamatsu Kimiharu , Takeda Toshikazu , Hattori Seiya , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Morita Shinya , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Kosaka Takeo , Mizuno Ryuichi , Shinojima Toshiaki , Kikuchi Eiji , Asanuma Hiroshi , Kurihara Isao , Itoh Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextThe oversecretion of plasma aldosterone by unilateral aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA) can be cured by adrenalectomy. However, the time needed for the endocrine environment to normalize remains unclear.ObjectiveTo clarify adequate timing for a biochemical evaluation in unilateral APA patients after adrenalectomy.Design and patientsA total of 166 unilateral APA patients were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) (pg/mL), active renin concentration (ARC) (pg/mL), aldosterone‐renin ratio (ARR; PAC/ARC), serum potassium concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 1, 3 and 6 postoperation months (POM).ResultsPAC was significantly lower at 1POM than at presurgery (presurgery; 407.2, 1 POM; 90.0 pg/mL, P < .001). ARC did not increase from baseline at 1POM, but significantly increased at 3POM (presurgery; 4.43, 1POM; 4.87, 3POM; 11.3 pg/mL, P < .001). ARR significantly decreased at 1POM (presurgery; 146.9, 1 POM; 26.3, P < .001) although ARC did not increase at 1POM. Among the 34 patients who had hypokalaemia presurgery, it was resolved in 28 (82%) at 1POM and in all (100%) at 3POM. The biochemical outcomes at 1POM were 131 (79%) complete, 20 (12%) partial and 15 (9%) absent successes, while at 3POM, 147 (89%) were complete, 9 (5%) partial and 10 (6%) absent. Twenty‐three (14%) patients were reclassified into different biochemical outcomes between 1 and 3POM, whereas only 5 (3%) changed between 3 and 6POM.ConclusionThe appropriate timing for a biochemical evaluation of unilateral APA patients treated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy appears to be 3 months or more after surgery.
Unmet health‐care needs and human rights—A qualitative analysis of patients' complaints in light of the right to health and health care
Authors: Sundler Annelie J. , Darcy Laura , Råberus Anna , Holmström Inger K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study focuses on patient complaints from a human rights perspective. Despite the UN Convention on Human Rights being widely recognized, it has not previously been examined in relation to patients’ complaints on health care. A human rights perspective and the right to the highest attainable standard of health are a major sustainability challenge in health care today. Previous research points to patients’ complaints as a growing concern for health‐care organizations, and the handling of this concern can lead to improvement in health‐care services.ObjectiveThe aim was to analyse patients’ complaints on health‐care services and to examine expressed needs for health care from a human rights perspective.MethodsIn this descriptive study, a random sample of 170 patient complaints about Swedish health‐care services were qualitatively analysed from a human rights perspective.ResultsThe complaints are described in three themes: the right to available and accessible health‐care services, the right to good quality health‐care services and the right to dignity and equality in health care. Questions of availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality are highlighted by patients and/or relatives making complaints on health‐care services.Discussion and ConclusionThis study emphasizes the human right to health in relation to patient complaints. Findings indicate that this right has been breached in relation to availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality in health‐care services. Further debate, education and investigations are necessary to ensure that patients’ rights to health and health care not be taken for granted.
Studying Score Stability with a Harmonic Regression Family: A Comparison of Three Approaches to Adjustment of Examinee‐Specific Demographic Data
Authors: Lee Yi‐Hsuan , Haberman Shelby J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor assessments that use different forms in different administrations, equating methods are applied to ensure comparability of scores over time. Ideally, a score scale is well maintained throughout the life of a testing program. In reality, instability of a score scale can result from a variety of causes, some are expected while others may be unforeseen. The situation is more challenging for assessments that assemble many different forms and deliver frequent administrations per year. Harmonic regression, a seasonal‐adjustment method, has been found useful in achieving the goal of differentiating between possible known sources of variability and unknown sources so as to study score stability for such assessments. As an extension, this paper presents a family of three approaches that incorporate examinees' demographic data into harmonic regression in different ways. A generic evaluation method based on jackknifing is developed to compare the approaches within the family. The three approaches are compared using real data from an international language assessment. Results suggest that all approaches perform similarly and are effective in meeting the goal. The paper also discusses the properties and limitations of the three approaches, along with inferences about score (in)stability based on the harmonic regression results.
Waveform discrimination in a pair of pulse‐generating electric fishes
Authors: Waddell Joseph C. , Caputi Angel A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies of pulse‐type gymnotiform electric fishes have suggested that electric organ discharge waveforms (EODw) allow individuals to discriminate between conspecific and allospecific signals, but few have approached this experimentally. Here we implement a phase‐locked playback technique for a syntopic species pair, Brachyhypopomus gauderio and Gymnotus omarorum. Both species respond to changes in stimulus waveform with a transitory reduction in the interpulse interval of their self‐generated discharge, providing strong evidence of discrimination. We also document sustained rate changes in response to different EODws, which may suggest recognition of natural waveforms.
Validity and reliability of a Korean version of the breast cancer survivors resilience scale
Authors: Kim Jung Min , Choi Jin Hyuk , Han Jeong‐Won 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo examine the resilience of breast cancer patients by investigating the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the breast cancer survivors resilience scale (BCRS) and to provide basic data for developing interventions that can be used by healthcare professionals to enhance the resilience of breast cancer patients.MethodsData were obtained from 280 breast cancer survivors receiving treatment at the outpatient clinic of Kosin University Hospital located in Busan City, Korea, and the collected data were used to confirm content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency reliability.ResultsThe Korean version of the BCRS comprised two subdomains and a total of 16 items, and the internal consistency reliability estimated by Cronbachʼs alpha was .87~.89.ConclusionThis study found that the Korean version BCRS has high validity and reliability. In future studies, it will be necessary to conduct research that identifies the resilience levels of patients with breast cancer, using the Korean version BCRS, and seeks interventions in agreement with the results.
Laying Claim to Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Legacy
Authors: Guth Karen V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis essay assesses the oft‐made link between Walter Rauschenbusch and Martin Luther King Jr. Denying neither Rauschenbusch’s influence on King nor King’s social gospel status, it nevertheless questions the way historians locate Rauschenbusch’s legacy in King and the civil rights movement. This strategy, however unintentionally, reproduces the white social gospel’s “astigmatism” on race and undermines the contributions of black social gospel (and other neglected) leaders even as revised histories affirm them. After exploring King’s references to Rauschenbusch and Rauschenbusch’s reflections on race, the paper compares their theologies. This comparison reveals key differences on race and economic justice that ramify across Rauschenbusch’s and King’s distinctive articulations of social gospel categories, further complicating historians’ claims on King. Oversimplifying the connection between these important figures in religious ethics distorts theological understanding of social gospel legacies and compromises their power for future generations.
Repeated afternoon sleep recordings indicate first‐night‐effect‐like adaptation process in family dogs
Authors: Reicher Vivien , Kis Anna , Simor Péter , Bódizs Róbert , Gombos Ferenc , Gácsi Márta 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe importance of dogs (Canis familiaris) in sleep research is primarily based on their comparability with humans. In spite of numerous differences, dogs' comparable sleep pattern, as well as several phenotypic similarities on both the behavioural and neural levels, make this species a most feasible model in many respects. Our aim was to investigate whether the so‐called first‐night effect, which in humans manifests as a marked macrostructure difference between the first and second sleep occasions, can be observed in family dogs. We used a non‐invasive polysomnographic method to monitor and compare the characteristics of dogs' (N = 24) 3‐hr‐long afternoon naps on three occasions at the same location. We analysed how sleep macrostructure variables differed between the first, second and third occasions, considering also the effects of potential confounding variables such as the dogs' age and sleeping habits. Our findings indicate that first‐night effect is present in dogs' sleep architecture, although its specifics somewhat deviate from the pattern observed in humans. Sleep macrostructure differences were mostly found between occasions 1 and 3; dogs slept more, had less wake after the first drowsiness episode, and reached drowsiness sleep earlier on occasion 3. Dogs, which had been reported to sleep rarely not at home, had an earlier non‐rapid eye movement sleep, a shorter rapid eye movement sleep latency, and spent more time in rapid eye movement sleep on occasion 3, compared with occasion 1. Extending prior dog sleep data, these results help increase the validity of further sleep electroencephalography investigations in dogs.
Geophysical signature of the Tunnunik impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Quesnel Y. , Zylberman W. , Rochette P. , Uehara M. , Gattacceca J. , Osinski G. R. , Dussouillez P. , Lepaulard C. , Champollion C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn 2011, the discovery of shatter cones confirmed the 28 km diameter Tunnunik complex impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada. This study presents the first results of ground‐based electromagnetic, gravimetric, and magnetic surveys over this impact structure. Its central area is characterized by a ~10 km wide negative gravity anomaly of about 3 mGal amplitude, roughly corresponding to the area of shatter cones, and associated with a positive magnetic field anomaly of ~120 nT amplitude and 3 km wavelength. The latter correlates well with the location of the deepest uplifted strata, an impact‐tilted Proterozoic dolomite layer of the Shaler Supergroup exposed near the center of the structure and intruded by dolerite dykes. Locally, electromagnetic field data unveil a conductive superficial formation which corresponds to an 80–100 m thick sand layer covering the impact structure. Based on the measurements of magnetic properties of rock samples, we model the source of the magnetic anomaly as the magnetic sediments of the Shaler Supergroup combined with a core of uplifted crystalline basement with enhanced magnetization. More classically, the low gravity signature is attributed to a reduction in density measured on the brecciated target rocks and to the isolated sand formations. However, the present‐day fractured zone does not extend deeper than ~1 km in our model, indicating a possible 1.5 km of erosion since the time of impact, about 430 Ma ago.
Bilaterally Threaded, Minimal Invasive, Elastic Locking Intramedullary Nailing (ELIN) for the Treatment of Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Ullah Kifayat , Khan Saima , Wang Yong‐Qing , Zhao Zhi‐Hui , Cheng Peng , Sapkota Basanta , Ren Liang , Khan Samiullah , Rehman Mujeeb Ur , Xue Yuan 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate and present the effectiveness of this innovatively designed, elastic locking intramedullary nail (ELIN) in fixation of clavicle fractures.MethodsThe study included 38 patients from July 2014 to July 2017. All of them received intramedullary fixation treated with ELIN, 22 were males and 16 females. The mean age of the patients was 54 years. There were twenty right‐side and 18 left‐side clavicular fractures. Radiographs were taken to assess the fracture type: 21 were type A, 16 type B, and one type C. General anesthesia or cervical block was given to all patients. A small incision of 3–5 cm was given only to those who needed mini‐open reduction. The administration of ELIN and reduction of the fracture was made sure with a C arm machine. After a follow‐up of 8 to 33 months, the clinical outcomes were assessed and evaluated. The constant scores and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (DASH) were used to determine the outcomes and functional status of the patients. The study was done accordingly to the guidelines provided by the ethics committee.ResultsMean operation time was 25.63 min. Mean follow‐up time was 16.5 months. The rate of closed reduction and open reduction was 84% and 16% respectively. There was no shortening of the clavicle. There was no breakage of the nail, though bending of the nail occurred in one patient. Superficial skin infection occurred in three patients at insertion points or the nail tip which was embedded subcutaneously. Skin erosion with nail exposure occurred in a patient with no significant infection. All the other patients had excellent shoulder function. A mini scar was observed in seven patients all the other patients had no scar. Asymmetry was observed in three patients. The mean Constant score was 98.47 and the mean DASH score was 1.55 at the last follow‐up. The implant was removed in all the patients.ConclusionClavicular fractures treated with ELIN is minimally invasive, which presents a safe and novel surgical technique with less complications and a high success rate, excellent aesthetic and quick recovery after surgery. ELIN restores the micro‐dynamic stress at the fracture ends and promotes fracture healing, keeps intact the fracture hematoma and maintains the blood supply, accelerates healing and thus leads to faster osseous healing and better restoration of clavicle length.
Beyond the limits of photoperception: constitutively active PHYTOCHROME B2 overexpression as a means of improving fruit nutritional quality in tomato
Authors: Alves Frederico Rocha Rodrigues , Lira Bruno Silvestre , Pikart Filipe Christian , Monteiro Scarlet Santos , Furlan Cláudia Maria , Purgatto Eduardo , Pascoal Grazieli Benedetti , Andrade Sónia Cristina da Silva , Demarco Diego , Rossi Magdalena , Freschi Luciano 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPhotoreceptor engineering has recently emerged as a means for improving agronomically beneficial traits in crop species. Despite the central role played by the red/far‐red photoreceptor phytochromes (PHYs) in controlling fruit physiology, the applicability of PHY engineering for increasing fleshy fruit nutritional content remains poorly exploited. In this study, we demonstrated that the fruit‐specific overexpression of a constitutively active GAF domain Tyr252‐to‐His PHYB2 mutant version (PHYB2Y252H) significantly enhances the accumulation of multiple health‐promoting antioxidants in tomato fruits, without negative collateral consequences on vegetative development. Compared with the nativePHYB2overexpression,PHYB2Y252H‐overexpressing lines exhibited more extensive increments in transcript abundance of genes associated with fruit plastid development, chlorophyll biosynthesis and metabolic pathways responsible for the accumulation of antioxidant compounds. Accordingly,PHYB2Y252H‐overexpressing fruits developed more chloroplasts containing voluminous grana at the green stage and overaccumulated carotenoids, tocopherols, flavonoids and ascorbate in ripe fruits compared with both wild‐type andPHYB2‐overexpressing lines. The impacts ofPHYB2orPHYB2Y252Hoverexpression on fruit primary metabolism were limited to a slight promotion in lipid biosynthesis and reduction in sugar accumulation. Altogether, these findings indicate that mutation‐based adjustments in PHY properties represent a valuable photobiotechnological tool for tomato biofortification, highlighting the potential of photoreceptor engineering for improving quality traits in fleshy fruits.
Analysis of mTOR pathway expression in lymphatic malformation and related diseases
Authors: Hori Yumiko , Ozeki Michio , Hirose Katsutoshi , Matsuoka Kentaro , Matsui Takahiro , Kohara Masaharu , Tahara Shinichiro , Toyosawa Satoru , Fukao Toshiyuki , Morii Eiichi 
Published: February 2020

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor sirolimus is an effective treatment for difficult‐to‐treat lymphatic anomalies. However, little is known about the expression of mTOR pathway components in lymphatic anomalies. Here we investigated the expression pattern of mTOR pathway components and their phosphorylated forms (mTOR, p‐mTOR, 4EBP1, p‐4EBP1, S6K1 and p‐S6K1) in normal lymphatic vessels and lymphatic anomalies using immunohistochemistry. We studied 18 patients of lymphatic anomalies, including lymphatic malformation (LM, n = 14), Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA, n = 2) and Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE, n = 2). Normal lymphatic vessels expressed 4EBP1, S6K1 and p‐S6K1, but not p‐4EBP1, mTOR or p‐mTOR. The mTOR was detected in all lymphatic anomalies, whereas its activation form p‐mTOR was detected in half cases of KLA and KHE but not in LM. All lymphatic anomalies expressed S6K1 and its activated form p‐S6K1. The expression of 4EBP1 was also found in all lymphatic anomalies, but its activation was detected in approximately half of them. The activation of mTOR was seen in tumor (KLA and KHE) but not in malformation (LM), whereas the activation of S6K1 and 4EBP1 was seen in all and half of lymphatic anomalies, respectively.
A Multidimensional Reputation Barometer for Public Agencies: A Validated Instrument
Authors: Overman Sjors , Busuioc Madalina , Wood Matthew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReputation is of growing interest for the study of public bureaucracies, but a measurement that can discern between the subdimensions of reputation and is validated on real‐life audiences has remained elusive. The authors deductively build, test, and cross‐validate a survey instrument through two surveys of 2,100 key stakeholders of the European Chemicals Agency, the European Union chemicals regulator. This empirical tool measures an agency's reputation and its building blocks. This scale represents an important contribution to reputation literature, as it allows scholars to distinguish and measure which aspects of reputation public organizations are “known for” and build their claim to authority on, as well as how the profiles of public organizations differ. The authors find that direct stakeholder contact with the agency is necessary for stakeholders to be able to evaluate the separate dimensions of reputation independently.Evidence for Practice

This study equips practitioners with a reputation barometer tailored to the public sector. It allows them to measure the reputation of their organization, in a differentiated fashion, among different stakeholder groups.
While public organizations increasingly engage in reputation management activities, a potential caveat that emerges from our exercise is that managers might be steering in non‐astute directions. While our study shows that, as for private actors, “performance matters,” procedural and moral aspects also weigh heavily in the eyes of stakeholders when it comes to public regulators.
To secure a positive organizational image and the authority crucial for public agencies to operate, the performance management turn in the public sector may need to be supplemented by an enhanced organizational attention to procedural and moral aspects.