bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Neurosurgical Consultation With 360-Degree Virtual Reality Technology on Patient Engagement and Satisfaction
Authors: Louis Robert , Cagigas Jeanine , Brant-Zawadzki Michael , Ricks Michael 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Virtual Reality (VR) is being applied as a clinical tool to engage and educate patients during their neurosurgery consultation for various skull base and pituitary tumor pathologies.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of VR implementation on patient satisfaction, understanding and comfort level, shared decision making, and surgical conversion using a 2-fold study.

METHODS
Patient feedback was collected after consultations with patient-specific VR renderings by Surgical Theater in a prospective survey study. A retrospective review of 257 new patients was also conducted to determine the impact of VR implementation on surgical conversion and patient outmigration rates.

RESULTS
Patients reported significantly higher ratings for overall satisfaction, understanding of their medical condition and treatment plan, and how well the physician communicated during the VR consultation compared to prior consultation(s). The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores for physician communication, hospital rating, and hospital recommendation were 23%, 24%, and 23%, respectively, higher than the national average. A 32% improvement in patient retention and conversion rates resulted from consultations with patient-specific VR models of their lesions (P < .0001).

CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that VR is a powerful tool for enhancing patient engagement and education.
The Public Health Gains Had Cigarette Companies Chosen to Sell Very Low Nicotine Cigarettes
Authors: Levy David T , Cummings K Michael , Heckman Bryan W , Li Yameng , Yuan Zhe , Smith Tracy T , Meza Rafael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed lowering the nicotine content of cigarettes to a minimally addictive level to increase smoking cessation and reduce initiation. This study has two aims: (1) to determine when cigarette manufacturers had the technical capability to reduce cigarette nicotine content and (2) to estimate the lost public health benefits of implementing a standard in 1965, 1975, or 1985.

Methods
To determine the technical capability of cigarette companies, we reviewed public patents and internal cigarette company business records using the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. To evaluate the impact of a very low nicotine content cigarette (VLNC) standard on smoking attributable deaths (SADs) and life-years lost (LYLs), we applied a validated (CISNET) model that uses past smoking data, along with estimates of the potential impact of VLNCs derived from expert elicitation.

Results
Cigarette manufacturers recognized that cigarettes were deadly and addictive before 1964. Manufacturers have had the technical capability to lower cigarette nicotine content for decades. Our model projected that a standard implemented in 1965 could have averted 21 million SADs (54% reduction) and 272 million LYLs (64% reduction) from 1965 to 2064, a standard implemented in 1975 could have averted 18.9 million SADs and 245.4 million LYLs from 1975 to 2074, and a standard implemented in 1985 could have averted 16.3 million SADs and 211.5 million LYLs from 1985 to 2084.

Conclusions
Millions of premature deaths could have been averted if companies had only sold VLNCs decades ago. FDA should act immediately to implement a VLNC standard.

Implications
Prior research has shown that a mandated reduction in the nicotine content of cigarettes could reduce the prevalence of smoking and improve public health. Here we report that cigarette manufacturers have had the ability to voluntarily implement such a standard for decades. We use a well-validated model to demonstrate that millions of smoking attributable deaths and life-years lost would have been averted if the industry had implemented such a standard.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Peruvian Klebsiella pneumoniae Identifies Novel Plasmid Vectors Bearing Carbapenem Resistance Gene NDM-1
Authors: Roach David , Waalkes Adam , Abanto Jorge , Zunt Joseph , Cucho Carolina , Soria Jaime , Salipante Stephen J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen with increasing rates of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics, but the population structure and genetic drivers of carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae (CRKP) remain underexplored in developing countries. Carbapenem-resistant K pneumoniae were recently introduced into Peru but have grown rapidly in prevalence, enabling study of this pathogen as it expands into an unaffected environment.

Methods
In this study, using whole genome sequencing, we show that 3 distinct lineages encompass almost all CRKP identified in the hospital where it was first reported in Peru.

Results
The most prevalent lineage, ST348, has not been described outside of Europe, raising concern for global dissemination. We identified metallo- β -lactamase NDM-1 as the primary carbapenem resistance effector, which was harbored on a novel vector resulting from recombination between 2 different plasmids, pKP1-NDM-1 and pMS7884A.

Conclusions
This study is the first of its kind performed in Peru, and it furthers our understanding of the landscape of CRKP infections in Latin America.
Influenza With and Without Fever: Clinical Predictors and Impact on Outcomes in Patients Requiring Hospitalization
Authors: Smith Benjamin J , Price David J , Johnson Douglas , Garbutt Bruce , Thompson Michelle , Irving Louis B , Putland Mark , Tong Steven Y C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The Infectious Diseases Society of America influenza guidelines no longer require fever as part of their influenza case definition in patients requiring hospitalization. However, the impact of fever or lack of fever on clinical decision-making and patient outcomes has not been studied.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of adult patients admitted to our tertiary health service between April 2016 and June 2019 with laboratory-confirmed influenza, with and without fever (≥37.8ºC). Patient demographics, presenting features, and outcomes were analyzed using Pearson’s chi-square test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and logistic regression.

Results
Of 578 influenza inpatients, 219 (37.9%) had no fever at presentation. Fever was less likely in individuals with a nonrespiratory syndrome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26–0.77), symptoms for ≥3 days (aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36–0.78), influenza B infection (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29–0.70), chronic lung disease (aOR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37–0.81), age ≥65 (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.23–0.54), and female sex (aOR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48–0.99). Patients without fever had lower rates of testing for influenza in the emergency department (64.8% vs 77.2%; P = .002) and longer inpatient stays (median, 2.4 vs 1.9 days; P = .015). These patients were less likely to receive antiviral treatment (55.7% vs 65.6%; P = .024) and more likely die in the hospital (3.2% vs 0.6%; P = .031), and these differences persisted after adjustment for potential confounders.

Conclusions
Absence of fever in influenza is associated with delayed diagnosis, longer length of stay, and higher mortality.
Changing the Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Chow Eric P F , Hocking Jane S , Ong Jason J , Schmidt Tina , Buchanan Andrew , Rodriguez Elena , Maddaford Kate , Patel Prital , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe surveyed 204 men who have sex with men (MSM) who were pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users. One in 4 daily PrEP users stopped taking PrEP during the COVID-19 pandemic, and 5% switched to on-demand PrEP. Most men reduced PrEP use because they stopped having casual sex and reduced the number of casual partners during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Minimizing Time to Optimal Antimicrobial Therapy for Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections: A Retrospective, Hypothetical Application of Predictive Scoring Tools vs Rapid Diagnostics Tests
Authors: Cwengros Laura N , Mynatt Ryan P , Timbrook Tristan T , Mitchell Robert , Salimnia Hossein , Lephart Paul , Pogue Jason M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to ceftriaxone (CRO)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are associated with delays in time to appropriate therapy and worse outcomes compared with infections due to susceptible isolates. However, treating all at-risk patients with empiric carbapenem therapy risks overexposure. Strategies are needed to appropriately balance these competing interests. The purpose of this study was to compare 4 methods for achieving this balance.

Methods
This was a retrospective hypothetical observational study of patients at the Detroit Medical Center with monomicrobial BSIs due to E. coli, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, or P. mirabilis. This study compared the effectiveness of 4 methods to predict CRO resistance at the time of organism isolation. Three methods were based on applying published extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) scoring tools. The fourth method was based on the presence or absence of the CTX-M marker from Verigene.

Results
Four hundred fifty-one Enterobacteriaceae BSIs were included, 73 (16%) of which were CRO-resistant. Verigene accurately predicted ceftriaxone susceptibility for 97% of isolates, compared with 70%–81% using the scoring tools (P &lt; .001). Verigene was associated with fewer cases of treatment with CRO when the isolate was CRO-resistant (15% vs 63%–71% with scoring tools) and fewer cases of overtreatment with a carbapenem for CRO-susceptible strains (0.3% vs 10%–12%).

Conclusions
Verigene significantly outperformed published ESBL scoring tools for identifying CRO-resistant Enterobacteriaceae BSI. Institutions should validate scoring tools before implementation. Stewardship programs should consider adoption of rapid diagnostic tests to optimize early therapy.
Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Correction in Parkinson Disease: Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Nunna Ravi S , Fessler Richard G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the United States. In the context of the disability inherent to PD, the additional physical challenges and pain from scoliosis can be debilitating for these patients. However, the magnitude of surgery required to correct the deformity combined with the medical co-morbidities and frailty in this population of patients makes surgery very risky.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate clinical presentations and outcomes of patients with PD that underwent minimally invasive long-segment fusion for scoliosis correction.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed over the years 2007 to 2017 for patients diagnosed with PD undergoing long-segment spinal fusion (5 or more levels) with the use of circumferential minimally invasive spine surgery techniques. Data including age, sex, race, medical co-morbidities, presenting symptoms, radiographic findings, surgical procedure, case history, and complications were collected from the medical record.

RESULTS
Retrospective chart review revealed three patients that met the inclusion criteria. They included 2 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 68.7 yr (range 63-75 yr). Ability to maintain upright posture, return to activities of daily living, and visual analog scale (VAS)-back improved in all patients at 1-yr follow-up. Results were durable at 2-yr follow-up. No medical complications were observed.

CONCLUSION
The generally positive results suggest that minimally invasive technique could have significant benefits in this high-risk group of patients.
Dengue epidemic in Malaysia: urban versus rural comparison of dengue immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among Malaysian adults aged 35–74 years
Authors: Azami Nor Azila Muhammad , Moi Meng Ling , Salleh Sharifah Azura , Neoh Hui-min , Kamaruddin Mohd Arman , Jalal Nazihah Abdul , Ismail Norliza , Takasaki Tomohiko , Kurane Ichiro , Jamal Rahman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundA periodic serosurvey of dengue seroprevalence is vital to determine the prevalence of dengue in countries where this disease is endemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity among healthy Malaysian adults living in urban and rural areas.MethodsA total of 2598 serum samples (1417 urban samples, 1181 rural samples) were randomly collected from adults ages 35–74 y. The presence of the dengue IgG antibody and neutralising antibodies to dengue virus (DENV) 1–4 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the plaque reduction neutralisation test assay, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of dengue IgG seropositivity was 85.39% in urban areas and 83.48% in rural areas. The seropositivity increased with every 10-y increase in age. Ethnicity was associated with dengue seropositivity in urban areas but not in rural areas. The factors associated with dengue seropositivity were sex and working outdoors. In dengue IgG-positive serum samples, 98.39% of the samples had neutralising antibodies against DENV3, but only 70.97% of them had neutralising antibodies against DENV4.ConclusionThe high seroprevalence of dengue found in urban and rural areas suggests that both urban and rural communities are vital for establishing and sustaining DENV transmission in Malaysia.
Histopathological Spectrum and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Symmetrical Drug-Related Intertriginous and Flexural Exanthema
Authors: Muresan Ana-Maria , Metze Dieter , Böer-Auer Almut , Braun Stephan A. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) is a clinically very well-defined drug eruption, but the histopathological findings are still considered to be nonspecific.Objectives:To characterize the histopathological and immunophenotypical features of SDRIFE.Material and Methods:We performed a retrospective study that identified 11 biopsies from 9 patients with SDRIFE. The histopathological features were analyzed in conjunction with the immunohistochemical findings.Results:The most common histopathological feature was basal cell vacuolization, which was often associated with necrotic keratinocytes and focal spongiosis. TIA1+T cells and neutrophils were frequently detected in the epidermis and at the dermoepidermal junction. The dermal inflammatory infiltrate was mixed, consisting of CD3+T cells, macrophages, granulocytes, low numbers of CD20+B cells, and plasma cells. A combination of histopathological patterns was observed in 5 cases. The most frequent combined histopathological patterns were interface dermatitis, spongiotic dermatitis, and psoriasiform dermatitis. Other histopathological patterns found in different combinations were pustular dermatitis, perivascular and interstitial neutrophilic dermatitis, and interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. In the other 4 cases, a single histopathological pattern predominated, such as psoriasiform dermatitis, vacuolar interface dermatitis of erythema multiforme-like type, or superficial and deep perivascular and interstitial dermatitis with eosinophils and neutrophils.Conclusions:SDRIFE is characterized histologically by a vacuolar interface dermatitis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. This pattern may be obscured by accompanying spongiotic, psoriasiform, or pustular features combined with a mixed superficial and sometimes deep dermal infiltrate.
Patient-Specific Implants in Oculofacial Plastic Surgery
Authors: Copperman Thomas S , Idowu Oluwatobi O. , Jalaj Sanjai , Winn Bryan J. , Pham Chau , Setabutr Pete , Kersten Robert C. , Vagefi M. Reza 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To investigate how patient-specific implants (PSIs) are being utilized for periocular facial skeletal reconstruction. Specifically, to characterize indications for custom implants, areas of reconstruction, intraoperative variables impacting implant placement, as well as to report on postoperative outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who received a PSI for periocular skeletal reconstruction between 2015 and 2019. Three independent academic centers were included in this study, which encompassed 4 different primary surgeons. Medical records, radiographic imaging, and operative reports were reviewed.

Results:
Eleven patients, 8 females and 3 males, ages ranging from 15 to 63 years old received PSIs. The average duration of follow up was 16 months ± 6.6 months (range: 9–30 months). The most common underlying etiology for reconstruction was prior trauma (54.5%) followed by benign tumor resection (18.2%). The most frequent area of reconstruction involved the inferior orbital rim and adjacent maxilla (63.6%). Implant materials included porous polyethylene, polyetheretherketone, and titanium. Six implants required intraoperative modification, most commonly accommodate critical neurovascular structures (66.6%) or improve contour (33.3%). Two postoperative complications were noted, both in the form of infection with 1 implant requiring removal.

Conclusions:
Reconstruction of complex facial skeletal defects can be achieved by utilizing computer-assisted design software and 3D printing techniques to create PSIs. These implants represent the most customizable option for symmetric restoration of the facial skeleton by not only addressing structural deficits but also volumetric loss. This was particularly apparent in reconstruction of the orbital rim and midface. PSIs were found to be of most benefit in patients with prior trauma or complex skeletal defects after tumor resection.
Metabolic Syndrome in Commercial Truck Drivers
Authors: Robbins Riann B. , Thiese Matthew S. , Ott Ulrike , Wood Eric M. , Effiong Atim , Murtaugh Maureen , Kapellusch Jay , Cheng Melissa , Hegmann Kurt 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Commercial motor vehicle drivers, such as truck drivers, experience unique health, lifestyle, and occupational challenges directly associated with their profession.

Methods:
All participants in this multistate cross-sectional study completed questionnaire measurements. Participants were categorized with metabolic syndrome (MetS) if they had at least three of the five modified criteria used in the joint scientific statement on metabolic syndrome.

Results:
Overall MetS prevalence was 52.4% (n = 428) of the 817 participants. Prevalence of MetS criteria were waist circumference (n = 634, 77.0%), low HDL cholesterol (n = 580, 71.0%), elevated triglycerides (n = 552, 67.6%), elevated blood pressure (n = 175, 21.2%), and elevated hemoglobin A1c (n = 97, 11.9%). Truck drivers were 2.7 times more likely to have MetS compared to the general working population.

Conclusion:
Truck drivers in the United States have a high prevalence of MetS compared to the general working population.
The new place of enterohormones in intestinal failure
Authors: Daoud Dane Christina , Joly Francisca 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
Since the approval of teduglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog, for the treatment of patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) associated with intestinal failure, enterohormone therapy has received significant interest and is becoming the first choice of treatment in selected patients. As such, it is paramount to assess and understand the new place of hormonal therapy in the algorithm of treatments in SBS-intestinal failure.

Recent findings
Specialized intestinal failure units have recently reported their outcomes with teduglutide to evaluate if they are consistent with the phase III trials results. SBS-intestinal failure patients are very heterogenous including their response to this treatment, hence the importance of real-life studies beyond the context of clinical trials. Moreover, it is essential to find a consensus on criteria identifying candidate patients for teduglutide. In addition, the impact of teduglutide on quality of life and its cost-effectiveness are emerging as well as new enterohormone treatments are being studied whether it is long action GLP-2 analog or other ileocolonic break hormones like glucagon-like peptide-1 analog.

Summary
Hormonotherapy is currently modifying the natural history of patients with SBS-intestinal failure by decreasing their need for parenteral support and possibly even complications associated with long-term parenteral support. Enterohormone treatment is now the cornerstone in SBS-intestinal failure and should be offered as a first-line therapy to selected patients.
Experience of Ambulatory Cancer Care
Authors: Vehviläinen-Julkunen Katri , Turpeinen Saija , Kvist Tarja , Ryden-Kortelainen Margaretha , Nelimarkka Siiri , Enshaeifar Shirin , Faithfull Sara ,   for INEXCA Consortium
Published: July 2020

Background
The move of cancer treatment into the outpatient setting can impact patient experience. Understanding how service delivery change impacts different people requires service feedback to inform future delivery development. The use of patient experience questionnaires often generates large amount of free-text data that are difficult to analyze.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe a proof-of-concept study exploring the experiences and perceptions of people undergoing cancer treatment, using novel analysis techniques to provide rapid free-text data analysis.

Method
This was a mixed-methods qualitative analysis from qualitative questions gathered in Finland using the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (n = 92 of 208 patients) and supplemented with 7 focus groups (31 people with cancer). Data were analyzed using natural language processing, via an automated sentiment analysis algorithm and supported with focus groups to inform the initial thematic analysis.

Results
Participants were on average 65 years of age. Of the 196 free-text comments, 121 (73.6%) were positive about patient experiences and 75 (38.5%) negative with suggestions for improvement.

Conclusion
Communication between patients and clinicians was an indicator of quality, and lack of psychological support was a barrier to quality care provision. The methodology of using sentiment analysis for free content to review quality was demonstrated through this study as a novel and feasible method to look at large-scale qualitative data.

Implications for Practice
Using the free content on experience of care questionnaire to review gaps or needs in services is valuable in developing future practice.