bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Traditional Chinese Medicine to strengthen conservation outcomes
Authors: Cheung Hubert , Doughty Hunter , Hinsley Amy , Hsu Elisabeth , Lee Tien Ming , Milner‐Gulland E. J. , Possingham Hugh P. , Biggs Duan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) involve the use of wildlife products, including some that utilize ingredients derived from endangered flora and fauna. Demand for such endangered wildlife products in TCM can threaten the survival of species and pose serious challenges for conservation.Chinese medical practice is embedded in the cultural fabric of many societies in East and Southeast Asia, and remains an integral part of everyday life and knowledge. It is grounded in principles and theories that have grown over hundreds of years and differ substantially from those of mainstream allopathic biomedicine.In order to address the threats posed by the medicinal consumption of endangered wildlife, conservation scientists and practitioners will benefit from a basic understanding of TCM. Such knowledge will enable conservationists to craft culturally nuanced solutions and to engage constructively with TCM stakeholders. However, conservationists typically lack familiarity with TCM as the incompatibility of many TCM concepts with those of the biomedical sciences poses a barrier to understanding.In this paper, we examine the core theories and practices of TCM in order to make TCM more accessible to conservation scientists and practitioners. A better understanding of TCM will enable conservationists to deliver more effective and lasting conservation outcomes.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
A nonparametric triple exponentially weighted moving average sign control chart
Authors: Alevizakos Vasileios , Chatterjee Kashinath , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonparametric control charts are used in process monitoring when there is insufficient information about the form of the underlying distribution. In this article, we propose a triple exponentially weighted moving average (TEWMA) control chart based on the sign statistic for monitoring the location parameter of an unknown continuous distribution. The run‐length characteristics of the proposed chart are evaluated performing Monte Carlo simulations. We also compare its statistical performance with existing nonparametric sign charts, such as the cumulative sum (CUSUM), exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), generally weighted moving average (GWMA), and double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA) sign charts as well as the parametric TEWMA‐ chart. The results show that the TEWMA sign chart is superior to its competitors, especially for small shifts. Moreover, two examples are given to demonstrate the application of the new scheme.
Domestic material consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in the EU‐28 countries: Implications for environmental sustainability targets
Authors: Alola Andrew Adewale , Akadiri Seyi Saint , Usman Ojonugwa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn spite of the achievements of the European Union (EU) member countries with respect to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030 targets, the member countries have reportedly under‐performed in a specific drive towards the SDG 12 (Sustainable Consumption and Production [SCP]). In advancing evidence to this insight, the current study examines the role of domestic material consumption, income and renewable energy utilisation in the panel of the EU‐28 environmental sustainability targets. In specific, we find that domestic material consumption worsens the bloc's environmental quality in both the immediate and long term. Although an increase in per capita income level aids environmental sustainability in the long term, the short‐run effect shows that per capita income growth triggers greenhouse gas emissions. The study further reveals that while cleaner energy development (renewables) improves the countries' environmental sustainability in both the short and long run, the level of real income is yet detrimental to environmental quality. Moreover, consumption of domestic materials, the share of renewable energy utilisation and real income contribute to greenhouse gas emissions in countries like Czech Republic, Lithuania and Malta. Thus, this study suggests country‐specific policies that primarily target domestic consumption and cleaner energy development to achieve environmental sustainability targets among the EU member states.
Intrinsic Magnetic Order of Chemically Exfoliated 2D Ruddlesden–Popper Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskite Ultrathin Films
Authors: Kim Ki‐Yeon , Park Garam , Cho Jaehun , Kim Joonwoo , Kim June‐Seo , Jung Jinyong , Park Kwonjin , You Chun‐Yeol , Oh In‐Hwan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThin film fabrication of 2D layered organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (2D‐OIHPs) for spintronic applications has been attempted using solution‐based process like Langmuir–Blodgett technique. However, monolayer or few‐layered 2D magnets are not yet realized, even though a wide spectrum of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) OIHPs are known as quasi‐2D Heisenberg magnets in bulk compounds. Here, chemical exfoliation by solvent engineering is applied to successfully synthesize large‐sized, few unit‐cell‐thick 2D RP‐OIHPs. Comprehensive structural characterization reveals that binary co‐solvents with high relative polarity in spin coating technique are the most effective among nine kinds of solvents. Above all, this enables few‐layered 2D RP‐OIHP ultrathin films sustaining their intrinsic magnetic order. It is found that XY‐like magnetic anisotropy driven by Jahn–Teller effect responsible for ferromagnetism in seven‐layered (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2CuCl4 ultrathin films remains very robust, whereas Ising‐like dipolar anisotropy responsible for canted antiferromagnetism in ten‐layered (C6H5CH2CH2NH3)2MnCl4 ultrathin films is greatly reduced. It is expected that ferromagnetism even at monolayer limit should be possible by means of further sophisticated solvent engineering as long as Jahn–Teller effect is active. The chemical exfoliation using solvent engineering unambiguously can bring about a new breakthrough in the development of 2D RP‐OIHP van der Waals magnets for ultrahigh energy‐efficient spintronic, opto‐spintronic devices.
Max Ritvo’s Precision Poetry
Authors: Choksey Lara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis essay reads Max Ritvo’s poetry through a chronology of precision biomedicine: imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. Ritvo’s construction of a patient-consumer avatar in his poetry reflects his position at a biomedical frontier, while poetic form becomes a way of retrieving bodies from a logic of substitution and surrogacy. A body lying under the weight of relentless, and relentlessly variable, imaging is catapulted through memory to a place by the sea in “The Curve.” In “Poem to My Litter,” the speaker addresses the laboratory mice injected with his tumors, drawing himself closer to them through their shared imprisonment in bodies on their way out of life, and suspending a bioeconomy embedded in a moral economy of sacrifice and faith. If precision medicine depends on making the analogical and metaphorical into common consensus—images that stand in for bodies, codes that stand in for disease—then Ritvo upends its neat architecture. He sticks instead with the messiness of bodies failing to meet an elusive salvation.
Quantum BTZ black hole
Authors: Emparan Roberto , Frassino Antonia Micol , Way Benson 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study a holographic construction of quantum rotating BTZ black holes that incorporates the exact backreaction from strongly coupled quantum conformal fields. It is based on an exact four-dimensional solution for a black hole localized on a brane in AdS4, first discussed some years ago but never fully investigated in this manner. Besides quantum CFT effects and their backreaction, we also investigate the role of higher-curvature corrections in the effective three-dimensional theory. We obtain the quantum-corrected geometry and the renormalized stress tensor. We show that the quantum black hole entropy, which includes the entanglement of the fields outside the horizon, satisfies the first law of thermodynamics exactly, even in the presence of backreaction and with higher-curvature corrections, while the Bekenstein-Hawking-Wald entropy does not. This result, which involves a rather non-trivial bulk calculation, shows the consistency of the holographic interpretation of braneworlds. We compare our renormalized stress tensor to results derived for free conformal fields, and for a previous holographic construction without backreaction effects, which is shown to be a limit of the solutions in this article.
A scattering amplitude in Conformal Field Theory
Authors: Gillioz Marc , Meineri Marco , Penedones João 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We define form factors and scattering amplitudes in Conformal Field Theory as the coefficient of the singularity of the Fourier transform of time-ordered correlation functions, as p2 → 0. In particular, we study a form factor F(s, t, u) obtained from a four-point function of identical scalar primary operators. We show that F is crossing symmetric, analytic and it has a partial wave expansion. We illustrate our findings in the 3d Ising model, perturbative fixed points and holographic CFTs.
Lifting at higher levels in the D1D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Mathur Samir D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The D1D5P system has a large set of BPS states at its orbifold point. Perturbing away from this ‘free’ point leads to some states joining up into long supermultiplets and lifting, while other states remain BPS. We consider the simplest orbifold which exhibits this lift: that with N = 2 copies of the free c = 6 CFT. We write down the number of lifted and unlifted states implied by the index at all levels upto 6. We work to second order in the perturbation strength λ. For levels upto 4, we find the wavefunctions of the lifted states, their supermultiplet structure and the value of the lift. All states that are allowed to lift by the index are in fact lifted at order O(λ2). We observe that the unlifted states in the untwisted sector have an antisymmetry between the copies in the right moving Ramond ground state sector, and extend this observation to find classes of states for arbitrary N that will remain unlifted to O(λ2).
Six-point conformal blocks in the snowflake channel
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Ma Wen-Jie , Skiba Witold 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We compute d-dimensional scalar six-point conformal blocks in the two possible topologies allowed by the operator product expansion. Our computation is a simple application of the embedding space operator product expansion formalism developed recently. Scalar six-point conformal blocks in the comb channel have been determined not long ago, and we present here the first explicit computation of the scalar six-point conformal blocks in the remaining inequivalent topology. For obvious reason, we dub the other topology the snowflake channel. The scalar conformal blocks, with scalar external and exchange operators, are presented as a power series expansion in the conformal cross-ratios, where the coefficients of the power series are given as a double sum of the hypergeometric type. In the comb channel, the double sum is expressible as a product of two 3F2-hypergeometric functions. In the snowflake channel, the double sum is expressible as a Kampé de Fériet function where both sums are intertwined and cannot be factorized. We check our results by verifying their consistency under symmetries and by taking several limits reducing to known results, mostly to scalar five-point conformal blocks in arbitrary spacetime dimensions.
Reflected entropy for free scalars
Authors: Bueno Pablo , Casini Horacio 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We continue our study of reflected entropy, R(A, B), for Gaussian systems. In this paper we provide general formulas valid for free scalar fields in arbitrary dimensions. Similarly to the fermionic case, the resulting expressions are fully determined in terms of correlators of the fields, making them amenable to lattice calculations. We apply this to the case of a (1 + 1)-dimensional chiral scalar, whose reflected entropy we compute for two intervals as a function of the cross-ratio, comparing it with previous holographic and free-fermion results. For both types of free theories we find that reflected entropy satisfies the conjectural monotonicity property R(A, BC) ≥ R(A, B). Then, we move to (2 + 1) dimensions and evaluate it for square regions for free scalars, fermions and holography, determining the very-far and very-close regimes and comparing them with their mutual information counterparts. In all cases considered, both for (1 + 1)- and (2 + 1)-dimensional theories, we verify that the general inequality relating both quantities, R(A, B) ≥ I (A, B), is satisfied. Our results suggest that for general regions characterized by length-scales LA ∼ LB ∼ L and separated a distance ℓ, the reflected entropy in the large-separation regime (x ≡ L/ℓ ≪ 1) behaves as R(x) ∼ −I(x) log x for general CFTs in arbitrary dimensions.
A comparative analysis of different biofluids towards ovarian cancer diagnosis using Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Giamougiannis Panagiotis , Morais Camilo L. M. , Grabowska Rita , Ashton Katherine M. , Wood Nicholas J. , Martin-Hirsch Pierre L. , Martin Francis L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiofluids, such as blood plasma or serum, are currently being evaluated for cancer detection using vibrational spectroscopy. These fluids contain information of key biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, that comprise spectrochemical patterns to differentiate samples. Raman is a water-free and practically non-destructive vibrational spectroscopy technique, capable of recording spectrochemical fingerprints of biofluids with minimum or no sample preparation. Herein, we compare the performance of these two common biofluids (blood plasma and serum) together with ascitic fluid, towards ovarian cancer detection using Raman microspectroscopy. Samples from thirty-eight patients were analysed (n = 18 ovarian cancer patients, n = 20 benign controls) through different spectral pre-processing and discriminant analysis techniques. Ascitic fluid provided the best class separation in both unsupervised and supervised discrimination approaches, where classification accuracies, sensitivities and specificities above 80% were obtained, in comparison to 60–73% with plasma or serum. Ascitic fluid appears to be rich in collagen information responsible for distinguishing ovarian cancer samples, where collagen-signalling bands at 1004 cm−1 (phenylalanine), 1334 cm−1 (CH3CH2 wagging vibration), 1448 cm−1 (CH2 deformation) and 1657 cm−1 (Amide I) exhibited high statistical significance for class differentiation (P < 0.001). The efficacy of vibrational spectroscopy, in particular Raman spectroscopy, combined with ascitic fluid analysis, suggests a potential diagnostic method for ovarian cancer.
Graphical abstract
Influence of Environmental Stressors on the Microbiota of Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)
Authors: Mathai Prince P. , Bertram Jonathan H. , Padhi Soumesh K. , Singh Vikash , Tolo Isaiah E. , Primus Alexander , Mor Sunil K. , Phelps Nicholas B. D. , Sadowsky Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHost-associated microbiota play a critical role in host fitness by providing nutrition, enhancing digestion capabilities, and by providing protection from pathogens. Here, we investigated the effects of two environmental stressors, temperature, and salinity, on the microbiota associated with zebra mussels (ZMs), a highly invasive bivalve in North America. To examine this in detail, lake-collected ZMs were acclimated to laboratory conditions, and subjected to temperature and salinity stress conditions. The impact of these stressors on the diversity, composition, and dynamics of ZM-associated microbiota were assessed by using amplicon- and shotgun-based sequencing, and qPCR-based approaches. Elevated temperature was found to be the primary driver of ZM mortality, although salinity alone also increased its likelihood. Stressor-induced ZM mortality, which ranged between 53 and 100%, was concomitant with significant increases in the relative abundance of several genera of putative opportunistic pathogens including Aeromonas. These genera were only present in low relative abundance in ZMs obtained from the control tank with 0% mortality. Shotgun sequencing and qPCR analyses indicated that the relative and absolute abundances of pathogenic Aeromonas species (particularly A. veronii) were significantly greater in temperature-induced dead ZMs. Taken together, our results show that environmental stress, especially elevated temperature (> 25 °C), is associated with the rapid mortality of ZMs as well as the proliferation of putative opportunistic bacterial pathogens.
Importance of self-connections for brain connectivity and spectral connectomics
Authors: Gao Xiao , Robinson P. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpectral analysis and neural field theory are used to investigate the role of local connections in brain connectivity matrices (CMs) that quantify connectivity between pairs of discretized brain regions. This work investigates how the common procedure of omitting such self-connections (i.e., the diagonal elements of CMs) in published studies of brain connectivity affects the properties of functional CMs (fCMs) and the mutually consistent effective CMs (eCMs) that correspond to them. It is shown that retention of self-connections in the fCM calculated from two-point activity covariances is essential for the fCM to be a true covariance matrix, to enable correct inference of the direct total eCMs from the fCM, and to ensure their compatibility with it; the deCM and teCM represent the strengths of direct connections and all connections between points, respectively. When self-connections are retained, inferred eCMs are found to have net inhibitory self-connections that represent the local inhibition needed to balance excitation via white matter fibers at longer ranges. This inference of spatially unresolved connectivity exemplifies the power of spectral connectivity methods, which also enable transformation of CMs to compact diagonal forms that allow accurate approximation of the fCM and total eCM in terms of just a few modes, rather than the full $$N^2$$

N
2

CM entries for connections between N brain regions. It is found that omission of fCM self-connections affects both local and long-range connections in eCMs, so they cannot be omitted even when studying the large-scale. Moreover, retention of local connections enables inference of subgrid short-range inhibitory connectivity. The results are verified and illustrated using the NKI-Rockland dataset from the University of Southern California Multimodal Connectivity Database. Deletion of self-connections is common in the field; this does not affect case-control studies but the present results imply that such fCMs must have self-connections restored before eCMs can be inferred from them.
Sonographische Bestimmung des Aortenaneurysmadurchmessers
Authors: Schäberle W. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie exakte Messung des Aortendurchmessers ist wichtig im Screening, in der Bestimmung des Grenzdurchmesser zur Operationsindikation und in der Verlaufskontrolle nach endovaskulärer Aortenreparatur (EVAR). In vielen sonographischen wie auch computertomographischen (CT-) Studien erfolgen die Messungen des Aortendurchmessers nicht einheitlich, und genaue Angaben von Messebene, -achse und -kaliberpositionierung fehlen. Dies führt zu beträchtlichen Interobservervariabilitäten. Der Aortendurchmesser sollte beim Aneurysma orthogonal, achsenunabhängig am breitesten Durchmesser und mit der LELE(„leading-to-leading-edge“)-Methode bestimmt werden, um reproduzierbare und in Studien vergleichbare, reelle Werte zu erhalten. Die systolisch-diastolische Durchmesserschwankung von bis zu 5 mm muss beim Aneurysmawachstum und bei Grenzdurchmessern zur Operationsindikation bedacht werden. Falsche Aneurysmadurchmesserbestimmungen können zu Überdiagnose und Übertherapie mit gravierenden Begleitmorbiditäten für Patienten führen.
Network meta-analysis on patent foramen ovale: is a stroke or atrial fibrillation worse?
Authors: Varotto Leonardo , Bregolin Gianni , Paccanaro Mariemma , De Boni Antonella , Bonanno Carlo , Perini Francesco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Systematic reviews suggest that patent foramen ovale closure (PFOc) is performed percutaneously with low complication rates. We did a network meta-analysis (NMA) comparing devices for PFO closures, evaluating safety and efficacy of transcatheter PFOc in preventing neurological events in patients with stroke when compared with medical therapy (MT), and assessing risk of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
We searched 3 databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL/CCTR) identifying six randomized controlled trials from 2012 until December 2019. We performed a Bayesian NMA; number-needed-to-treat and number-needed-to-harm were derived by applying the estimated odds ratios (ORs). The likelihood of being helped or harmed (LHH) was evaluated to estimate the risk-effectiveness balance.

Results
The 3560 patients allocated to PFOc were less subject to a stroke than patients with MT. The overall ORs of PFOc versus MT were 0.41 with fixed-effects, and 0.22 with random-effects model. NMA proves that PFOc induces AF episodes significantly higher than MT, even when analysis is limited to only new episodes of “serious AF.” LHH (0.68 fixed-effects, 0.79 random-effects) showed that strokes saved are less than cases of AFs added. By considering only serious AF, strokes saved are higher than serious AFs induced by the PFOc (LHH was 3.46 and 4.00 respectively).

Conclusions
NMA supported PFOc in patients with cryptogenic stroke, confirming that devices are better than MT, but increase the risk of AF by over 2/4 times (serious or unserious AF). Considering serious AFs (real risky clinical condition), patients have more advantages in being treated, since LHH is ≥ 3–4.
The contribution of attentional processes to calculation skills in second and third grade in a typically developing sample
Authors: Bigozzi Lucia , Pezzica Sara , Malagoli Chiara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAttention is an important, multifaceted cognitive domain that includes many key cognitive processes involved in learning. This study aimed to identify the predictive links between different components of attentional skills and core calculation skills development, using two standardized measures assessing calculation (AC-MT 6–11) and attention skills (CAS) in a sample of 143 typically developing children of age range from 7.6 years to 9.4 years. The results showed that in 2nd grade, selective visuo-spatial attention emerged as an important predictor in the written calculation task, while the ability to inhibit distracting information seemed to better predict accuracy in oral calculation. In 3rd grade, visuo-spatial components of attention emerged as no longer predictive, whereas planning and active visuo-spatial attention abilities emerged as predictive of accuracy in the oral calculation task. These results confirm previous findings about the contribution that attentional skills may have in calculation skills development, supporting evidence for progressive automation attentional components over time.