bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and risk factors for severe cases: a meta-analysis involving 5,729 patients
Authors: Zhang Zhongheng , Chen Lin , Ni Hongying , Yao Min , Erika Casarotta , Abele Donati , Andrea Carsetti , Guo Yizhan , Wang Qing 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) has become a global health emergency. However, the clinical presentations are not well characterized. The study aimed to describe clinical characteristics of 2019-nCov pneumonia with meta-analytic approach, and to identify risk factors for developing severe cases.Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Google Scholar and MedRxiv were searched from December 2019 to February 2020. Records were included if they reported clinical characteristics of 2019-nCov pneumonia. Studies using crowd sourcing data for mathematical modeling but not reporting clinical data were excluded. The study was reported according to the PRISMA guideline. Data were extracted by independent reviewers. Proportions and mean values were pooled across component studies by using the meta-analytic approach. Data were pooled with fixed or random-effects model as appropriate. Clinical characteristics such as age, gender, symptoms, treatment and mortality outcome were pooled across studies if appropriate. Risk factors for development of severe cases were reported.Results: A total of 13 studies involving 5,729 patients were included for quantitative analysis. The mean age of the study population was 50 years (95% CI: 47 to 53). The most common initial symptoms were cough (68.0%; 95% CI: 65.6 to 70.4%), followed by fever (56.5%; 95% CI: 53.9 to 58.9%), fatigue (42.5%; 95% CI: 39.9 to 45.1%) and anorexia (31.7%; 95% CI: 26.5 to 38.4%). The severe cases accounts for 22.5% of the whole population (95% CI: 21.4 to 23.6%). The overall mortality rate was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.5 to 2.2%), which was consistent with the real time epidemic tracking data. There was substantial heterogeneity across included studies (O = 0.84; p < 0.001). A number of comorbidities and symptoms such as hypertension, COPD, dyspnea, elevated C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were found to be associated with increased risk of developing severe cases.Conclusions: Our study described clinical characteristics of the 2019-nCov pneumonia in a systematic way. Multiple risk factors were identified for severe cases.
Comparative Analysis of Clinical Characteristics in Children and Adults with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Han Ya-nan , Feng Zhan-wei , Sun Li-na , Ren Xiao-xia , Wang Hua , Xue Yong-ming , Wang Yi , Fang Ying 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Since December 2019, acute respiratory disease (ARD) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) rapidly spread throughout China. Children and adults seemed to differ in the clinical course of the disease. The purpose of the current study is to comparatively analyze the clinical characteristics of children and adult patients with 2019-nCoV infection and to explore the possible causes for the discrepant aspects.Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of 32 cases confirmed with 2019-nCoV ARD from Xi'an eighth hospital (Shaanxi, China) from January 31 to February 16, 2020 were reviewed.Results: In all 32 patients contained 7 children and 25 adults. All children were family cluster. For adult patients, local residents of Wuhan, recently travelled to Wuhan, patient contacted with people from Wuhan were 14 (56%), 10 (40%), 1 (4%), respectively. The median incubation period of children and adult was 5 days (range, 3 to 12) and 4 days (range, 2 to 12), respectively. Altogether 10 (40%) adult patients had underlying conditions significantly, but no children had. Fever (Children 71.4% vs. Adult 96%) and cough (Children 71.4% vs. Adult 76%) were the most common symptoms in both groups. The third symptom observed in children was diarrhea and/or vomiting (57.1%), for adult it was myalgia or fatigue (52%). On admission, 5 (71.4%) children patients showed pneumonia roughly the same as adult patients (20, 80%), and that the two group shared a multitude of common imaging characteristics. 20% of adult with leucopoenia, but leukocytosis was significantly more frequently in children (28.6%, P=0.014). More children had elevated creatine kinase isoenzyme (57.1% vs. 4%, P=0.004). All patients were discharged after symptomatic treatment, including oxygen therapy, antiviral treatment, antibiotic treatment. Only one infant was intravenously injected low-dose glucocorticoids.Conclusions: Our results multi-dimensionally demonstrate that children with 2019-nCoV infection present a clinical picture which is often distinct from that of adults. Knowledge of these differences will be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) and for a future discussion on age specific infection case definitions.
Use of a proximity extension proteomics assay to discover novel biomarkers associated with circulating leptin levels in two populations with type 2 diabetics
Authors: Vavruch Camilla , Nowak Christoph , Feldreich Tobias , Östgren Carl Johan , Sundström Johan , Söderberg Stefan , Lind Lars , Nyström Fredrik , Ärnlöv Johan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background We used a multiplex proteomics assay with the aim to discover novel associations between leptin and 88 circulating proteins in order to provide additional insights into the role of leptin in the development of CVD in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Material and methods In a discovery phase, we investigated associations between 88 plasma proteins, assessed with a proximity extension assay, and plasma leptin in a cohort of middle-aged patients with T2DM (CARDIPP, n=661). Associations that passed the significance threshold of a False discovery rate of 5% (corresponding to p <0.0017) were replicated in diabetes patients in an independent cohort (PIVUS, n=116). We also investigated if proteins mediated the longitudinal association between plasma leptin and the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE). Results Two proteins were significantly associated with leptin in the discovery phase, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) (regression coefficient .118, 95% CI (.064, .173) p =0.000024) and adrenomedullin ( p =0.000002) but only A-FABP was significantly associated with leptin in the replication cohort (regression coefficient .0254, 95% CI (.119, .39) p =0.0003). Multiplicative interaction analyses in the two cohorts suggest a stronger association between A-FABP and leptin in men than in women. In longitudinal analyses, the association between leptin and MACE was slightly attenuated after adding A-FABP to the multivariate model. Conclusions Our analysis identified a consistent association between leptin and A-FABP in two independent cohorts of patients with T2DM, particularly in men. Our data encourage future large-scale proteomics analyses for additional insights into leptin biology.
Changes in leaf functional traits of the endangered plant Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes with plant growth and development
Authors: Chen Fang-Qing , Guan Shoupeng , Geng Mengya , Lv Kun , Huang Yongwen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Disanthus cercidifolius var. longipes H. T. Chang is a rare and endangered plant distributed only in the high mountains of southeastern China. In order to reveal the variation in leaf functional traits and plant investment strategies with the change of growth and developmental stages of this species, the leaf functional traits and the trait syndrome including leaf thickness (LT), leaf area (LA), leaf water content (LWC), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf total nitrogen content (LNC), and leaf total phosphorus content (LPC) of plants at different growth and developmental stages were investigated. Results:The leaf functional traits of the plants significantly differed at different developmental stages. LT and LA of the plants increased during growth and development. LT and LA of the adult plants were 36.65% and 84.23% higher than those of the seedlings, respectively. In contrast, SLA, LWC, LNC, and LPC decreased, and in adult plants they were 48.91%, 6.63%, 8.49%, and 34.66% lower, respectively, than in seedlings. Principal component analysis showed that as the plants developed, the trait syndrome changed toward increasing LT and LA and decreasing LWC, SLA, LNC, and LPC.Conclusions:The characteristics of leaf functional traits and trait syndromes changed across different stages of growth and development. The investment strategy changed from fast return to slow return as the plant grew and developed.
A new rare nematode Nothocriconemoides hangzhouensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Hangzhou, China
Authors: Maria Munawar , Miao Wentao , Cai Ruihang , Castillo Pablo , Zheng Jingwu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The Family Criconematidae is commonly referred as ring nematodes that include some members with economic importance as plant parasites. During a recent nematode inventory survey at Zhejiang Province, China, a new species of genus Nothocriconemoides was detected in the rhizosphere of elm tree. Nothocriconemoides hangzhouensis n. sp. can be characterized by the female body having annuli with fine longitudinal striations and 2 to 3 anastomoses at the posterior half of the body. The first cephalic annulus is rounded and expanded enclosing the lip region, and the second annulus is narrow, offset, collar like. En face view shows a central elevated labial disk bearing four distinct equal-sized submedian lobes and “I” shaped oral aperture. Excretory pore is located 3–4 annuli posterior to esophageal bulb. Vagina is straight and vulva closed. The ventral side of postvulval annuli is inverted, in majority of individuals. Anus is indistinct and located on the next annuli posterior to vulva. Tail is short, conoid, with forked or branched terminus. Juveniles are devoid of collar-shaped annuli in the lip region. The cephalic region has two rounded annuli where the first annulus shows slight depression in the middle. Body annuli are finely crenated. Anus is indistinct and located 3 to 4 annuli from tail terminus. Tail is short ending in a single lobed terminus. Phylogenetic studies based on analysis of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28 S rRNA, ITS rRNA, partial 18 S rRNA, and coxI gene revealed that the new species formed a separate clade from other criconematid species, thereby supporting its status as a new species of the genus. The new species showed close relationships with Discocriconemella sinensis. Additionally, this is the first record of genus Nothocriconemoides from China.
Estimation of finite population mean using two auxiliary variables under stratified random sampling
Authors: Yadav Rohini , Tailor Rajesh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of an alternative approach to estimating the population mean of the study variable with the help of the auxiliary variable under stratified random sampling. The properties of the suggested estimator have been studied under large sample approximation. It has been demonstrated that the suggested estimator is more efficient than other considered estimators. To judge the merits of the proposed estimator, an empirical study has been carried out to support the present study.
KRONİK BOYUN AĞRILI BİREYLERDE DERİN BOYUN FLEKSÖR KAS PERFORMANSININ DENGE VE YÜRÜME PARAMETRELERİ İLE İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: TOPRAK ÇELENAY Şeyda , METE Oğuzhan , KORKUT Zehra , ÖZALP Muhammet , ÜNÜVAR Bayram Sönmez , SEVİM Meryem 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, kronik boyun ağrılı hastalarda derin
boyun fleksör kas performansının denge ve yürüme parametreleri ile ilişkisini
araştırılmaktı.Yöntem:
Çalışmaya
kronik boyun ağrılı 69 hasta (yaş: 32,75 ± 14,03 yıl, vücut kütle indeksi: 25,09
± 5,40 kg/m2) dahil edildi. Derin boyun fleksör kas performansı Stabilizer basınçlı biyofeedback
ünitesi (Chattanooga,
USA) ile ve denge tek
bacak duruş testi ile gözler açık ve kapalı olarak değerlendirildi. Yürüme
parametreleri olarak kadans ve yürüme hızı hesaplandı. Sonuçlar: Kronik boyun
ağrılı hastalarda derin boyun fleksör kas performansı, gözler açık dominant
taraf tek bacak duruş testi ile (p &lt; 0,001; rho: 0,632),
gözler açık dominant olmayan taraf tek bacak duruş testi ile (p &lt; 0,001; rho: 0,556), gözler kapalı dominant
taraf tek bacak duruş testi ile (p: 0,006; rho: 0,328),
gözler kapalı dominant olmayan taraf tek bacak duruş testi ile (p &lt; 0,001; rho: 0,412), kadans ile (p &lt; 0,001; rho: 0,622) ve yürüme hızı ile ilişki (p &lt; 0,001; rho: 0,652) gösterdi.

Tartışma:
Kronik boyun ağrılı hastalarda derin boyun
fleksör kas performansı ile denge ve yürüme parametrelerinin ilişkili olduğu
görüldü. Derin boyun fleksör kas eğitimi
kronik boyun ağrılı hastalarda yürüme ve denge parametrelerinin gelişimine
katkı sağlayabilir.
YAŞLI BİREYLERDE KARE ADIM EGZERSİZ EĞİTİMİNİN POSTÜRAL KONTROL, KOGNİTİF FONKSİYON VE YÜRÜYÜŞ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: PİLOT ÇALIŞMA
Authors: ABİT KOCAMAN Ayşe , KIRDI Nuray , AKSOY Songül , ELMAS Özgün , BALAM YAVUZ Burcu 
Published: March 2020

Amaç: Düşmeler yaşlı
bireylerde sık karşılaşılan bir durumdur. 65 yaş üstünde, sağlıklı ve toplum
içinde yaşayan bireylerin yıllık düşme oranı %30-40 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Bu
yüzden yaşlı bireylerde düşmeyi önlemeye yönelik fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon
uygulamaları önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı düşme hikayesi olan yaşlı
bireylerde kare adım egzersiz eğitiminin postüral kontrol, kognitif
fonksiyonlar ve yürüyüş üzerine etkisini incelemektir.Yöntem: Çalışmaya
toplam 65 yaş üstü yılda en az iki kez düşme hikayesi olan ve 16 yaşlı birey
dahil edildi. Kontrol grubundaki bireyler 8 hafta boyunca vestibüler ev
egzersiz programını evde uyguladı. Egzersiz eğitimindeki bireylere ise
vestibüler ev egzersiz eğitimine ek olarak 8 hafta boyunca haftada üç gün kare
adım egzersiz eğitimi uygulandı. Bireylerin demografik bilgileri kaydedildi. Tedavi
öncesi ve sonrasında postüral kontrol Bilgisayarlı Dinamik Postürografi (BDP),
kognitif fonksiyonlar Montreal Bilişsel Değerlendirme Ölçeği(MBDÖ), yürüyüş ise
Dinamik Yürüyüş İndeksi(DYİ) ile değerlendirildi.Sonuçlar: Tedavi
sonrasında kare adım egzersiz eğitiminin
etkinliği incelendiğinde birleşik denge skoru, Montreal Bilişsel Değerlendirme
Ölçeği(MBDÖ) ve Dinamik Yürüyüş İndeksi(DYİ) skorlarında çıkan fark istatiksel
açıdan anlamlı bulundu (p&lt;0,001).

Tartışma: Düşme
hikayesi olan yaşlı bireylerde kare adım egzersiz eğitimi postüral kontrol,
kognitif fonksiyonlar ve yürüyüş üzerine etkileri açısından önemli yere
sahiptir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda egzersiz eğitimlerinin düşme hikayesi olan
yaşlı bireylerde fonksiyonel bağımsızlık düzeyini artırmada etkin bir tedavi
modalitesi olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Trends in Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment
Authors: do Nascimento Tatielle , Todeschini Adriane R. , Santos-Oliveira Ralph , de Souza de Bustamante Monteiro Mariana S. , de Souza Vilênia T. , Ricci-Júnior Eduardo 
Published: March 2020

Background:Cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth and considered one of the leading causes of death around the world. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology has been extensively studied for the optimization of cancer treatment.Objective:Comprehend the panorama of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology in cancer treatment, through a survey about nanomedicines applied in clinical studies, approved for use and patented.Methods:Acknowledged products under clinical study and nanomedicines commercialized found in scientific articles through research on the following databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo and Lilacs. Derwent tool was used for patent research.Results:Nanomedicines based on nanoparticles, polymer micelles, liposomes, dendrimers and nanoemulsions were studied, along with cancer therapies such as Photodynamic Therapy, Infrared Phototherapy Hyperthermia, Magnetic Hyperthermia, Radiotherapy, Gene Therapy and Nanoimmunotherapy. Great advancement has been observed over nanotechnology applied to cancer treatment, mainly for nanoparticles and liposomes.Conclusion:The combination of drugs in nanosystems helps to increase efficacy and decrease toxicity. Based on the results encountered, nanoparticles and liposomes were the most commonly used nanocarriers for drug encapsulation. In addition, although few nanomedicines are commercially available, this specific research field is continuously growing.
Anticancer Effects of Novel Tetrahydro-Dimethyl-Xanthene-Diones
Authors: Manikandan Alagumuthu , Sivakumar Arumugam , Nigam Poonam S. , Napoleon Ayyakannu A. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The derivatives of xanthene are known to have promising anticancer properties, in
comparison to xanthene itself.

Objective:
The object of our study was to develop few xanthene derivatives (a family of fifteen novel 3,4,6,7-
tetrahydro-3,3-dimethyl-9-phenyl-2H-xanthene-1,8(5H, 9H)-diones encoded as 4a-4m), which were effectively
prepared through regioselective synthesis approach, and to test their anticancer effects.

Methods:
A series of cell lines were used in this study, first to assess the cytotoxicity and then the drug efficacy
of target compounds, consecutively. Prior to MTT assay, the compounds were analysed for their antioxidant
properties, since oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of many cancer types. The anticancer
properties of 4a-m have been assessed over in silico (molecular docking and ADMET assessments) and in vitro
(MTT assay) methods.

Results:
Compounds 4h and 4i showed a relative percentage anticancer activity of 86.25±1.25 & 89.74±1.64
against BT474 (ER+HER2+), and 90.56±1.18 & 93.24±1.80 against MCF-7 (ER-HER2), respectively.

Conclusion:
The animal model and pre-clinical studies for 4h and 4i should be performed in order to develop
them as future anticancer agents.
Factors Affecting Photodynamic Therapy and Anti-Tumor Immune Response
Authors: Hamblin Michael R. , Abrahamse Heidi 
Published: March 2020

:
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a cancer therapy involving the systemic injection of a Photosensitizer
(PS) that localizes to some extent in a tumor. After an appropriate time (ranging from minutes to days), the
tumor is irradiated with red or near-infrared light either as a surface spot or by interstitial optical fibers. The PS
is excited by the light to form a long-lived triplet state that can react with ambient oxygen to produce Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen and/or hydroxyl radicals, that kill tumor cells, destroy tumor
blood vessels, and lead to tumor regression and necrosis. It has long been realized that in some cases, PDT can
also stimulate the host immune system, leading to a systemic anti-tumor immune response that can also destroy
distant metastases and guard against tumor recurrence. The present paper aims to cover some of the factors that
can affect the likelihood and efficiency of this immune response. The structure of the PS, drug-light interval,
rate of light delivery, mode of cancer cell death, expression of tumor-associated antigens, and combinations of
PDT with various adjuvants all can play a role in stimulating the host immune system. Considering the recent
revolution in tumor immunotherapy triggered by the success of checkpoint inhibitors, it appears that the time is
ripe for PDT to be investigated in combination with other approaches in clinical scenarios.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Western Rajasthan India
Authors: Meena Mahadev , Kishoria Naveen , Meena Durga Shankar , Sonwal Vikram Singh 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infection
with a significant economic burden on the health care system in developing countries like India.
Rising antibiotic resistance is a matter of great concern.

Aims::
The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance
pattern in patients with UTI in Tertiary Care Hospital in western Rajasthan India.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from December 2017 to
November 2018 at MDM hospital S.N. medical college, Jodhpur in Western Rajasthan.

Materials and methods:
All the patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection presented in the
outpatient unit or developed symptoms within 48 hr of hospitalisation were included in the study.
Only those patients with significant bacteriuria (105 colony-forming units /ml) were included.

Results:
total of 119 (55.34%) positive urine cultures were identified. The most common bacteria
isolated in the urine sample was E. coli (37.2%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (10.2%), Enterococci
spp. (3.3%), and Pseudomonas spp. (1.9%). Gram-negative bacteria represented 92.44%
of the isolates. E. coli showed maximum resistance towards co-trimoxazole (78.75%) followed by
cefuroxime (77.5%) and ciprofloxacin (72.5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest resistance
against co-trimoxazole (23.75%) and ciprofloxacin (23.75%).

Conclusion::
The present study gives an idea about the common trend of antibiotic resistance of
uropathogens in this region. The findings in our study will help in the formulation of antibiotic policy
and the determination of empirical treatment of UTI in this region.
Successful Control of a Co-Infection Caused by Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Keratitis
Authors: Paul Debarati , Saha Suman , Singh Neelam , Sengupta Jayansgu , Mandal Santi M. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Nowadays, the co-infection of different classes of pathogens is a major
concern. The objective of this study was to develop a successful therapy for keratitis caused by the
co-infection of Candida sp. with Pseudomonas sp, which is difficult to cure. The study is based on
a 47 years old male farmer showing redness and watering in the right eye for 15-days.

Materilas and Methods:
The microbiological examination was performed to isolate the causative organisms, i.e.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. They were cultured separately along with their
co-culture and treated with ciprofloxacin and amphotericin B during the growing stage to predict a
definite cure.

Results:
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results confirmed the inter-specific interaction between
the two different types of microorganisms. Amphotericin-B and Ciprofloxacin showed the
least MIC value for both organisms in co-culture.

Conclusion:
Treatment with Amphotericin-B and 5% ciprofloxacin effectively hindered the
growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, the co-infection of which caused keratitis.
This therapy may be successfully implied for such cases of co-infection in the future.