bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and associate bacteria in Thailand and their potential to control Aedes aegypti
Authors: Suwannaroj Manawat , Yimthin Thatcha , Fukruksa Chamaiporn , Muangpat Paramaporn , Yooyangket Temsiri , Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Vitta Apichat 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAedes aegypti is an insect vector that transmits several viruses affecting humans worldwide. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiotic bacteria are organisms with the potential to control many insects. In this study, we did a survey aimed to identify EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria and evaluate the larvicidal activity of bacteria against Ae. aegypti. We collected 540 soil samples from 108 sites in Phitsanulok Province, lower northern Thailand. Baiting techniques and White traps were used to isolate EPNs from soil samples. By sequencing of 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions, 51 EPN isolates were identified as Steinernema surkhetense (35 isolates), Heterorhabditis indica (14 isolates) and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3 (two isolates). Based on sequencing of a partial region of the recA gene, 35 isolates of Xenorhabdus were identified as Xenorhabdus stockiae, and 20 Photorhabdus isolates were identified as Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii (10 isolates), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis (seven isolates) and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis (three isolates). Screening for larvicidal activity of bacteria against Ae. aegypti was performed in the laboratory. Xenorhabdus WB5.4 and Xenorhabdus WB12.5, which were closely related to X. stockiae, resulted in high mortality of Ae. aegypti (99.99% and 70%, respectively) at 96 hr after exposure. Comparing with control groups, mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae was low (1.11%–6.67%) after exposure for 24–96 hr. Our findings showed the potential of X. stockiae for controlling Ae. aegypti. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which these bacteria kill Ae. aegypti larvae.
Perosomus elumbis in a stillborn rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): A case report
Authors: Patrick Tara , Gonzalez Olga , Dick Edward J. , Kumar Shyamesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPerosomus Elumbis (PE) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by absence of caudal spine (lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal vertebrae). Here, we present the first reported case of PE in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) and relate our findings to those described in other species.
Identification of Needs of Older Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Albuquerque Cristina P. , Carvalho Ana Cristina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInformation regarding individual needs of older adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) is scarce although it is very important both from a person‐centered planning perspective and from a proactive service system perspective. This study has three main aims: (1) to identify and describe staff perceptions of the needs of a large group of adults aged 45 or over with IDs; (2) to analyze the perceived needs as function of age, gender, and level of disability; (3) to present information about the development and the psychometric properties of the assessment instrument used. The participants were 232 Portuguese older adults with IDs (mean age = 52), predominantly male (n = 129). There were 66 staff members who assessed the needs of the IDs participants through the Inventory of Identification of Needs (IIN). The IIN demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties (e.g., internal consistency, interrater reliability, construct validity). The unmet needs were numerous and diverse, but those that were perceived as more prevalent were: literacy, handling of money, information on rights, self‐care, information on services, communication, occupation at holidays, occupation at weekends, general physical health, cognitive rehabilitation, and daytime activities. The needs were influenced by the disability level: regarding Literacy/Information and Occupation/Community, needs were significantly more common in persons with a moderate and/or severe disability. The influence of age was registered only in Mental Health. The needs identified should guide the planning and development of service provision. These should offer literacy learning experiences, information about the rights of persons with disabilities, information about the services available, self‐care assistance or training in self‐care skills; and meaningful activities during regular time periods, weekends and holidays.
Functional Behavior Assessment Practices Used by Canadian Behavioral Health Practitioners
Authors: Saini Valdeep , Cox Alison 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA proportion of children and adults in Canada are identified as having an intellectual or developmental disability (I/DD). Moreover, the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Canadian children has increased substantially over the past decade. Research has shown that these populations have a greater likelihood to engage in severe destructive behavior such as self‐injury and aggression, which places them at risk for exposure to intrusive interventions and denial of services. Functional behavior assessment (FBA) is an assessment strategy that takes the environmental variables responsible for the development and maintenance of destructive behavior into consideration and has shown to be the most informative for developing effective treatments for destructive behavior. We conducted a nation‐wide survey that queried behavior‐analyst practitioners working in the I/DD and ASD service sectors about their beliefs and use of FBA in clinical practice. We compared the results of this survey with similar surveys conducted in the United States. The results indicated that most Canadian practitioners are conducting some type of FBA; however, many of these assessments are not comprehensive and missing important components of the assessment process. We discuss the implications of these findings, as well as the barriers to implementing FBA in practice.
Understanding forest dynamics by integrating age and environmental change
Authors: Zhu Kai 
Published: January 2020

SummaryHow much carbon a forest ecosystem can sequester is determined by both postdisturbance regrowth and environmentally modified growth. Disturbance causes sharp declines in the short term and is followed by regrowth in the long term. Environmental change may alter carbon accumulation through increasing CO2, nitrogen deposition and climate change. Regrowth and modified growth occur simultaneously, yet they are usually studied separately and assessed using an additive approach. Alternatively, an interactive approach using hierarchical models can address their concurrent nature and evaluate their joint effects. Hierarchical models are informed by forest age data, which have recently become available at global scales. The age‐based hierarchical framework provides a coherent and feasible way to integrate regrowth and modified growth in understanding forest dynamics.
Chromosome restructuring among hybridizing wild wheats
Authors: Parisod Christian , Badaeva Ekaterina D. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryThe wheat group offers an outstanding system to address the interplay between hybridization, chromosomal evolution and biological diversification. Most diploid wild wheats originated following hybridization between the A‐genome lineage and the B‐genome lineage some 4 Myr ago, resulting in an admixed D‐genome lineage that presented dramatic radiation accompanied by considerable changes in genome size and chromosomal rearrangements. Comparative profiling of low‐copy genes, repeated sequences and transposable elements among those divergent species characterized by different karyotypes highlights high genome dynamics and sheds new light on the processes underlying chromosomal evolution in wild wheats. One of the hybrid clades presents upsizing of metacentric chromosomes going along with the proliferation of specific repeats (i.e. ‘genomic obesity’), whereas other species show stable genome size associated with increasing chromosomal asymmetry. Genetic and ecological variation in those specialized species suggest that genome restructuring was coupled with adaptive processes to support the evolution of a majority of acrocentric chromosomes. This synthesis of current knowledge on genome restructuring across the diversity of wild wheats paves the way towards surveys based on latest sequencing technologies to characterize valuable resources and address the significance of chromosomal evolution in species with complex genomes.
DEK1 displays a strong subcellular polarity during Physcomitrella patens 3D growth
Authors: Perroud Pierre‐François , Meyberg Rabea , Demko Viktor , Quatrano Ralph S. , Olsen Odd‐Arne , Rensing Stefan A. 
Published: January 2020

Summary

Defective Kernel 1 (DEK1) is genetically at the nexus of the 3D morphogenesis of land plants. We aimed to localize DEK1 in the moss Physcomitrella patens to decipher its function during this process.

To detect DEK1 in vivo, we inserted the tdTomato fluorophore into PpDEK1 gene locus. Confocal microscopy coupled with the use of time‐gating allowed the precise DEK1 subcellular localization during 3D morphogenesis.

DEK1 localization displays a strong polarized signal, as it is restricted to the plasma membrane domain between recently divided cells during the early steps of 3D growth development as well as during the subsequent vegetative growth. The signal furthermore displays a clear developmental pattern because it is only detectable in recently divided and elongating cells. Additionally, DEK1 localization appears to be independent of its calpain domain proteolytic activity.

The DEK1 polar subcellular distribution in 3D tissue developing cells defines a functional cellular framework to explain its role in this developmental phase. Also, the observation of DEK1 during spermatogenesis suggests another biological function for this protein in plants. Finally the DEK1‐tagged strain generated here provides a biological platform upon which further investigations into 3D developmental processes can be performed.
Advanced ultrasound techniques in small animal reproduction imaging
Authors: Mantziaras George , Luvoni Gaia Cecilia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUltrasonography is the imaging technology of choice for the evaluation of the reproduction system and of pregnancy in both humans and animals. Over the past 10 years, there have been significant technological improvements of the equipment, while new technologies have been developed. Doppler, contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography, elastography, and 3D/4D ultrasonography are advanced ultrasound techniques that have been designed as methods to increase the diagnostic sensitivity of two‐dimensional (b‐mode) ultrasound, and not as stand‐alone tests. The basic physics as well as the advantages and limitations of these advanced ultrasound methods are briefly described. In the reproductive diagnostics of small animals, these techniques have gained an increased popularity as proved by the increased publication of several reports that are also briefly summarized in this review. Clinical applicability is to date limited because of a lack of research on the diagnostic value in concrete situations. Future research projects should focus also on standardization of the used techniques, on determination of thresholds to discriminate between healthy or diseases or fertile versus infertile and on the predictive value of advanced ultrasound findings. Continuing development and optimization of different ultrasound techniques as well as the increase of related scientific interest and worldwide research promises that the clinical interest on the use of advanced ultrasound techniques will increase in future.
Assessing quality care in kidney disease: The double‐edged sword versus the Gordian knot
Authors: Weiner Daniel E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAssessing quality is essential for optimizing clinical care but remains challenging. Too many measures can result in dilution of quality improvement efforts, distracting providers from delivering the most meaningful care, whereas too few measures can devalue important domains of care. Similarly, performance standards that are too high can result in unintended consequences, including diminishment of patient input into their individualized care and cherry picking. Valid quality metrics assess measureable aspects of care that are both clinically meaningful and modifiable, and, in the absence of quality metrics and performance standards, optimal care is at risk. Quality measures are an indelible part of the health care system, composing a pillar of value‐based purchasing, and balancing these aspects of quality assessment is essential for patient care. This review summarizes the quality systems in nephrology, focuses on current dialysis quality metrics and the strengths and limitations of current measures, and emphasizes the value of a parsimonious set of meaningful metrics with performance standards that both incentivize optimal practices while allowing sufficient latitude to individualize care for kidney patients.
Where The Trans Men and Enbies At?: Cissexism, Sexual Threat, and the Study of Sex Work
Authors: Jones Angela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, I examine the existing research on transgender sex workers and explore how cissexism and sexism overlap and shape this work. Overall, researchers assume that all trans sex workers are women, and all male sex workers are assumed to be cisgender. Transmasculine and other gender non‐conforming sex workers are absent from studies of sex work. Researchers in public health and criminology dominate the literature and this research is limited because it focuses only on trans women and because it focuses primarily on disease and trauma, and almost exclusively on HIV. The literature I examined treats transgender women as a public health “problem” to be solved, rather than addressing their experiences and needs as workers and as people in our society. I argue that in order to have useful applied and policy implications aimed at harm reduction, researchers must use a sociological lens to document what structural conditions push and pull people of various genders into sex markets in the first place. Finally, I advocate for the use of queer, intersectional, and transnational frameworks in future lines of inquiries as a way to push the sociological and public health literature on sex work forward in a way that will benefit all sex workers, their advocates, and service providers.
Does the Electoral System Foster a Predominant Party System? Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Arslantaş Düzgün , Arslantaş Şenol , Kaiser André 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the role of the electoral system in making the Justice and Development Party (AKP) dominant. Drawing on Sartori’s framework, we first clarify the concept of a predominant party system. Second, we examine the impact of the electoral system on the emergence of a predominant party system in Turkey. Analysing election results, we argue that the electoral system fosters dominance in three ways. First, a combination of electoral formula, national threshold and district threshold leads to over‐representation of large parties and under‐representation of small ones. Second, the fear of a wasted vote due to the high threshold prompts voters to support their second‐best option, which concentrates the votes among large parties. Finally, the electoral system increases electoral turnout rates by extending polarization.
Specimen-Specific Finite Element Models for Predicting Fretting Wear in Total Hip Arthroplasty Tapers
Authors: Baumann Andrew P. , Vesnovsky Oleg , Topoleski L. D. Timmie , Donaldson Finn E. , McMinn Nicole L. L. , Vignola Amelia , Di Prima Matthew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Products from fretting wear and corrosion in the taper junction of total hip arthroplasty (THA) devices can lead to adverse local tissue reactions. Predicting damage as a function of design parameters would aid in the development of more robust devices. The objectives of this study were to develop an automated method for identifying areas of fretting wear on THA taper junctions, and to assess the predictive ability of a finite element model to simulate fretting wear in THA taper junctions. THA constructs were fatigue loaded, thus inducing damage on the stem taper. An automated imaging and analysis algorithm quantified fretting wear on the taper surfaces. Specimen-specific finite element models were used to calculate fretting work done (FWD) at the taper junction. Simulated FWD was correlated to imaged fretting wear. Results showed that the automated imaging approach identified fretting wear on the taper surface. Additionally, finite element models showed the greatest predictive ability for tapers exhibiting distal contact. Finite element models predicted an average of 30.3% of imaged fretting wear. With additional validation, the imaging and finite element techniques may be useful to manufacturers and regulators in the development and review of new THA devices.
Medical Devices for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Directions for Development
Authors: Vasan Aditya , Friend James 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The development of diagnostics and medical devices has historically been concentrated in high-income countries, despite a significant need to expand healthcare services to low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Poor quality healthcare extends beyond LMIC to underserved communities in developed countries. This paper reviews diseases and conditions that have not received much attention in the past despite imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems in these circumstances. We review the underlying mechanism of action of these conditions and current technology in use for diagnosis or surgical intervention. We aim to identify areas for technological development and review policy considerations that will enable real-world adoption. Specifically, this review focuses on diseases prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia: melioidosis, infant and maternal mortality, schistosomiasis, and heavy metal and pesticide poisoning. Our aim with this review is to identify problems facing the world that require the attention of the medical device community and provide recommendations for research directions for groups interested in this field.
Shimmy Characteristic Analysis for Steering System of Heavy Mining Dump Trucks
Authors: Gao Lulu , Ma Fei , Jin Chun , Huang Yanjun , Feng Zhipeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tire wear cost accounts for a large proportion of the total cost of heavy mining dump trucks (HMDTs), and the shimmy of the steering system aggravates the tire wear severely. This study proposes a model-based approach to avoid the shimmy of the steering system for such trucks without replacement or destruction of steering structure. First, a five degrees-of-freedom (DOF) shimmy dynamic model of the steering system is established considering the tire lateral dynamics and the nonlinearity of the hydro-pneumatic suspension (HPS). Second, the unstable parameter range of the dynamic model is obtained based on the Lyapunov’s first approximation theorem and Hopf bifurcation theory. The stability analysis results show that the steering system of heavy mining dump trucks is a self-excited vibration system because of the Hopf bifurcation in the unstable parameter range, and this unstable parameter range is greatly affected by the load and the initial pneumatic volume of hydro-pneumatic suspension. In addition, the accuracy of the dynamic is verified by a field test. Therefore, how the load and initial pneumatic volume affect the shimming is analyzed numerically. In other words, how to match the load and initial pneumatic volume is uncovered to avoid the shimmy. For instance, it shows that the shimmy at full load can be avoided at the speed of 30 km/h by charging the initial pneumatic volume of hydro-pneumatic suspension to 14.5 l.
Applications of Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics in Section XI, ASME Code Evaluations
Authors: Mehta Hardayal S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The role of fracture mechanics in ASME Section XI applications comes in the form of evaluation of indications or flaws detected during inservice inspection of nuclear components. The need to include the influence of significant plastic deformation, which may accompany crack initiation and the subsequent stable growth, has been the main driving force for the development of the field of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). This chapter traces the history of development of the EPFM from the 1960s and reviews the EPFM applications in Section XI Code. It discusses the three approaches considered in the application of EPFM in flaw evaluations: J-integral tearing modulus-based approach or J-T methodology, deformation plasticity failure assessment diagram (DPFAD) methodology, and R-6 methodology. The engineering estimation of the applied J integral is described, followed by a discussion on the application of the J-T approach in the evaluation of flaws in austenitic stainless steel piping and ASME Class 1 ferritic piping. The chapter describes the application of EPFM to reactor pressure vessel evaluation in three distinct ways: upper-shelf energy evaluation, Section XI flaw evaluation approach, and a probabilistic approach. It also explains the application of the Master Fracture Toughness Curve method to evaluate pressure vessel steels based on EPFM. The current activity within the ASME Section XI Code Groups related to the potential revision of ASME Code Case N-830 is finally summarized.
Hydrogen Piping and Pipe Lines
Authors: Meyer Jimmy E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The ASME B31.12 Code covers piping in gaseous and liquid hydrogen service and pipelines in gaseous hydrogen service. This chapter is based on the 2014 edition of B31.12, which includes three major Parts: General Requirements (GR), Industrial Piping (IP), and Pipelines (PL). It also covers Mandatory Appendices I through XI and Nonmandatory Appendices A through F. After a brief background and coverage of the scope, intent, and organization of the Code, the chapter examines Part GR, which covers selection of materials to resist deterioration in hydrogen service. It lists the common requirements for welding, brazing, heat treating, forming and testing of welded and brazed joints, qualification of the welding and brazing procedures, and qualification of the welders and brazers to those procedures. Part GR provides information on inspection, examination, and testing along with operating and maintenance procedures that affect the safety of hydrogen transmission and distribution facilities. It also provides requirements for the development of Quality System Programs. Part IP includes requirements for materials and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, inspection, examination, testing, operation, and maintenance of piping, and applies to piping for liquid and gaseous hydrogen and joints connecting piping to equipment. It describes four basic methods for design of components for internal pressure and lists the dimensional standards for piping components. Part PL sets forth the requirements for materials, components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, inspection, examination, testing, operation, and maintenance of hydrogen pipelines.

History
Jimmy E. Meyer revised the initial inputs of Louis E. Hayden who authored this chapter for the fourth edition. The current online edition has been reviewed by George Rawls and updated by Jimmy E. Meyer.