bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectome‐Based Propagation Model in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Meier Jil M. , van der Burgh Hannelore K. , Nitert Abram D. , Bede Peter , de Lange Siemon C. , Hardiman Orla , van den Berg Leonard H. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveClinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) continue to rely on survival or functional scales as endpoints, despite the emergence of quantitative biomarkers. Neuroimaging‐based biomarkers in ALS have been shown to detect ALS‐associated pathology in vivo, although anatomical patterns of disease spread are poorly characterized. The objective of this study is to simulate disease propagation using network analyses of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to predict disease progression.MethodsUsing brain networks of ALS patients (n = 208) and matched controls across longitudinal time points, network‐based statistics unraveled progressive network degeneration originating from the motor cortex and expanding in a spatiotemporal manner. We applied a computational model to the MRI scan of patients to simulate this progressive network degeneration. Simulated aggregation levels at the group and individual level were validated with empirical impairment observed at later time points of white matter and clinical decline using both internal and external datasets.ResultsWe observe that computer‐simulated aggregation levels mimic true disease patterns in ALS patients. Simulated patterns of involvement across cortical areas show significant overlap with the patterns of empirically impaired brain regions on later scans, at both group and individual levels. These findings are validated using an external longitudinal dataset of 30 patients.InterpretationOur results are in accordance with established pathological staging systems and may have implications for patient stratification in future clinical trials. Our results demonstrate the utility of computational models in ALS to predict disease progression and underscore their potential as a prognostic biomarker. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:725–738
Molecular, Macromolecular, and Supramolecular Glucuronide Prodrugs: Lead Identified for Anticancer Prodrug Monotherapy
Authors: Jarlstad Olesen Morten T. , Walther Raoul , Poier Pier Paolo , Dagnæs‐Hansen Frederik , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, a tumor growth intervention by localized drug synthesis within the tumor volume, using the enzymatic repertoire of the tumor itself, is presented. Towards the overall success, molecular, macromolecular, and supramolecular glucuronide prodrugs were designed for a highly potent toxin, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). The lead candidate exhibited a fold difference in toxicity between the prodrug and the drug of 175, had an engineered mechanism to enhance the deliverable payload to tumours, and contained a highly potent toxin such that bioconversion of only a few prodrug molecules created a concentration of MMAE sufficient enough for efficient suppression of tumor growth. Each of these points is highly significant and together afford a safe, selective anticancer measure, making tumor‐targeted glucuronides attractive for translational medicine.
Cupin Variants as a Macromolecular Ligand Library for Stereoselective Michael Addition of Nitroalkanes
Authors: Fujieda Nobutaka , Ichihashi Haruna , Yuasa Miho , Nishikawa Yosuke , Kurisu Genji , Itoh Shinobu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCupin superfamily proteins (TM1459) work as a macromolecular ligand framework with a double‐stranded β‐barrel structure ligating to a Cu ion through histidine side chains. Variegating the first coordination sphere of TM1459 revealed that H52A and H54A/H58A mutants effectively catalyzed the diastereo‐ and enantioselective Michael addition reaction of nitroalkanes to an α,β‐unsaturated ketone. Moreover, calculated substrate docking signified C106N and F104W single‐point mutations, which inverted the diastereoselectivity of H52A and further improved the stereoselectivity of H54A/H58A, respectively.
Effect of Crystal Structure and Morphology on Na3V2(PO4)2F3 Performances for Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Mukherjee Ayan , Sharabani Tali , Sharma Rosy , Okashy Sivan , Noked Malachi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNa‐ion batteries (SIB) are considered promising systems for energy storage devices, however diversity of available cathode materials is lower compared to lithium ion batteries. Recently, Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) has been demonstrated as promising cathode material for SIB owing to high specific capacity and electrochemical reversibility. However, most of reports demonstrates capacities lower than theoretical value and optimization of electrochemical performances by controlled morphology and crystal structure was not demonstrated yet. Here, we demonstrate a scalable synthesis strategy to tailor the crystal structure and morphology of NVPF and showed that our approach enables to optimize the Na+ ion accommodation, diffusion and stability. A flower morphology (NVPF‐F) crystalizes in tetragonal structure, demonstrates discharge capacity of 109.5 mA.h.g−1 and 98.1 % columbic efficiency whereas a hollow spherical morphology (NVPF‐S) with orthorhombic structure exhibits discharge capacity of 124.8 mA.h.g−1 (very close to theoretical value) and 99.5 % columbic efficiency. The observed discharge capacity for NVPF‐S is highest reported value which is ascribed due to stable crystal structure and monodispersed morphology. Long term stability with negligible capacity loss is demonstrated over 550 cycles. Our findings shed light on importance of crystal structure and morphology of NVPF on electrochemical response, and realization as cathode material for SIB.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 2‐Aminothiophene Derivatives as Staphylococcus aureus Efflux Pump Inhibitors
Authors: da Cruz Rayssa M. D. , Zelli Renaud , Benhsain Sarah , da Cruz Ryldene M. D. , Siqueira‐Júnior José P. , Décout Jean‐Luc , Mingeot‐Leclercq Marie‐Paule , Mendonça‐Junior Francisco J. B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract2‐aminothiophene derivatives (2AT) in which the thiophene ring is fused with a cycloalkyl or a N‐acylated piperidine ring by positions 5 and 6 and carrying a 3‐carbethoxy group were synthesized and their bacterial growth and enzyme inhibitory effects against efflux proteins of Staphylococcus aureus leading to resistance to fluoroquinolones and erythromycin (ERY) were investigated. Compounds that most effectively decreases the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) were assayed for their dose and time effects on the accumulation and efflux of ethidium bromide (EtBr) in the SA‐1 strain. None of the compounds displayed antibacterial activity however, three derivatives carrying 2‐amino, 2‐aminoacetyl and 2‐aminotrifluoroacetyl group enhanced the activity of CIP and ERY by 8‐ and 16‐fold, respectively, and were able to restore the sensitivity of resistant strains, acting as typical efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). The 2‐aminoacetyl and 2‐aminotrifluoroacetyl derivatives and two other piperidinyl 2‐aminotrifluoroacetyl derivatives increased EtBr accumulation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, and one of them was also able to inhibit the EtBr efflux. Taken together, these results represent an important advance in the development of new EPIs, and demonstrate that 2AT represent a good scaffold for developing new antibiotic adjuvants.
Adaptive‐biased sense‐FET–based inductor‐current sensor for 10‐MHz buck converter
Authors: Zhou Yong , Lin Xiaohui , Yang Jianxin , Zheng Yanqi , Leung Ka Nang 
Published: February 2020

SummaryA sense field effect transistor (FET)–based inductor‐current sensor for buck converters is introduced in this paper. The proposed current sensor adopts and realizes piecewise‐linear adaptive bias to maintain consistent bandwidth and phase margin in the sensor's control loop throughout a wide range of load currents. Moreover, the specially designed turn‐on/off process of switches is introduced together with the sole gain–boosted amplifier to avoid the sharp transitions in the sensed peak and valley currents during the deadtime zone of synchronous buck converters. Simulation results of the proposed sensor show an 11.6‐dB rise in direct current (DC) gain at light load (approximately 200 mA) and 21° improvement in phase margin at heavy load (approximately 2 A), compared with the traditional structure with fixed‐bias current. Furthermore, the variation in the unity gain bandwidth of the proposed structure across the whole load range is 12.8 times lower than that of the traditional designs.
New Path for Polyoxometalates: Controlled Synthesis and Characterization of Metal‐Substituted Tungstosulfates
Authors: Hirabaru Hikaru , Kawamoto Daisuke , Ohnishi Miho , Ota Hiromi , Sadakane Masahiro , Yanagisawa Kazumichi , Hasegawa Takuya , Ueda Tadaharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Tadaharu Ueda, Kochi University, and co‐workers from Okayama University and Hiroshima University, Japan. The cover image shows the synthesis of metal‐substituted tungstosulfates via [(S2W14O54)3]32− with a unique cavity structure from (S2W18O62)4−].
Chronic Per-/Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure Under Environmentally Relevant Conditions Delays Development in Northern Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens) Larvae
Authors: Flynn R. Wesley , Iacchetta Michael , de Perre Chloe , Lee Linda , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Hoverman Jason T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are pervasive in aquatic systems globally and capable of causing detrimental effects on human and wildlife health. However, most studies are conducted under artificial conditions that are not representative of environmental exposures. Environmental exposures are characterized by multiple routes of exposure, low aquatic PFAS levels, and greater environmental variability than laboratory tests. Determining whether these factors influence toxicity is critical for understanding the effects of PFAS on aquatic life, including amphibians. Our goal was to assess the impact of PFAS on an amphibian under semirealistic conditions. We reared northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae in outdoor mesocosms containing sediment spiked to low, medium, and high levels (nominally 10, 100, or 1000 ppb dry wt) of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) for 30 d. Larvae in all PFOS treatments and the medium-PFOA treatment were approximately 1.5 Gosner stages less developed than control animals after 30 d. Notably, these developmental delays were observed at PFOS concentrations in the water as low as 0.06 ppb, which is considerably lower than levels associated with developmental effects in laboratory studies. Our results suggest that deriving toxicity values from laboratory studies examining aquatic exposure only may underestimate the effects of environmental PFAS exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:711–716. © 2020 SETAC
Effect of Net‐Gun Capture on Survival of Mule Deer
Authors: Van de Kerk Madelon , McMillan Brock R. , Hersey Kent R. , Roug Annette , Larsen Randy T. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCapture techniques to deploy radio‐collars often risk mortality and injury to the animal. Capture‐induced mortality can affect population sizes but also introduces bias in survival estimates based on data from captured animals. In recent years, a large‐scale research and monitoring project in Utah, USA, has involved capturing and radio‐collaring hundreds of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), a species of great interest in large parts of North America. Our objective was to investigate how the survival rates of these mule deer were affected by capture and handling. During winters of 2014–2018, an experienced capture crew net‐gunned and fitted 1,805 animals with global positioning system (GPS)‐collars. We estimated survival rates during the first 6 weeks after capture using Cox proportional hazard regression, and compared the survival rates of animals that were captured in a particular year to those of animals that were not captured but fitted with a GPS‐collar in a previous year. We used a model selection framework to evaluate how long survival rates of captured animals were different from those of animals that were not captured. Our results indicated that weekly survival rates of captured animals were 0.985 ± 0.003 (SE), 0.988 ± 0.002, and 0.990 ± 0.001 in weeks 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Weekly survival rates of captured deer during weeks 4–6 were 0.993 ± 0.001, the same as those of deer that were not captured at the same time. Furthermore, post‐capture survival rates were positively influenced by body size and negatively influenced by age. We conclude that the mortality resulting from helicopter capture was low but recommend comparing newly captured and previously captured individuals to examine what proportion of observed mortality is likely capture‐related. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Angular Vessels for Free‐Tissue Transfer in Head and Neck Reconstruction: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Hanick Andrea , Ciolek Peter , Fritz Michael 
Published: February 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy and reconstructive applications of angular vessel microvascular anastomosis in free‐tissue transfer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsA study of patients treated from January 2010 to July 2017 was performed. Four hundred thirty patients undergoing free‐tissue transfer at the Cleveland Clinic by a single reconstructive surgeon were reviewed. Patients in whom free‐tissue transfer was performed using angular vessels were included. Patients in whom free‐tissue transfer was performed using another vascular supply of the head and neck were excluded. Primary outcome was free‐flap failure. Secondary outcomes included other postoperative complications and hospital length of stay.ResultsThirty‐one patients underwent free‐tissue transfer with microvascular anastomosis to the angular vessels during the study period. Seventy‐one percent of patients underwent reconstruction immediately following tumor ablation. A variety of primary subsites were reconstructed; 58% underwent nasal reconstruction, 16% orbit/skull base reconstruction, 13% palatal reconstruction, 6% maxillary reconstruction, and 6% mandible reconstruction. Eighty‐seven percent of patients underwent free‐tissue transfer from an anterolateral thigh donor site. Ninety‐seven percent of patients had successful free‐tissue transfer with a viable flap during the follow‐up period; only one patient experienced flap failure attributed to vascular insufficiency. Average length of stay was 4.7 days, and the most common length of stay was 3 days.ConclusionsThe angular vessels provide excellent arterial supply and venous drainage to serve as a viable option for microvascular anastomosis during free‐tissue transfer for head and neck reconstructive surgery. They are an ideal vascular source for central face and skull base reconstruction.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:2589–2592, 2020
Fatigue performance of friction stir welded Al2024 alloy in a different corrosive environment
Authors: Thapliyal S. , Dwivedi D.K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study examines the corrosion fatigue behavior of friction stir welded Al2024 alloy in the corrosive medium. The fatigue tests are conducted at a stress ratio of ‐1 in the different corrosive medium. The decrease in the fatigue life of welded joints in the corrosive environment is attributed to an increase in the crack initiation susceptibility in the presence of corrosive media. The fractured surfaces are investigated using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of the corrosive compounds was studied using x‐ray diffractometry.
Using text analytics to apprehend urban sustainability development
Authors: Lee Picheng , Kleinman Gary , Kuei Chu‐hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis research aims to specify critical urban sustainability issues by mining unstructured text data derived from the C40 city datasets of the Carbon Disclosure Project. The current study identifies underlying topical issues exhibited by text corpora, enables creation of smarter data visualizations, and forms useful profiles. Four underlying topical areas are examined: economic opportunities, climate risks, incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and emissions reduction activities. For each area, we built text data visualization profiles. Developing these text data visualization profiles enables greater attention to be paid to the list of topical issues shown in the profiles. Given the number of discovered topic issues, we generate an urban sustainability activity index and use it to identify which cities were detailing their actions toward becoming more sustainable cities. The city officials and municipal planners of either C40 or non‐C40 cities worldwide can benchmark this study and put the process of text data visualization at the center of their process of generating citywide sustainable development.
Sustainability, brand image, reputation and financial value: Manager perceptions in an emerging economy context
Authors: Flores‐Hernández J. Alfredo , Cambra‐Fierro Jesús J. , Vázquez‐Carrasco Rosario 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSustainability has become a fundamental concern in today' world—one which firms can no longer remain oblivious to. Through CSR, companies can shore up financial sustainability by acting in responsible, socially and environmentally sustainable ways. Yet the vast majority of literature addressing this phenomenon to date has focused almost exclusively on developed economies. The objective of the present study, therefore, is to contribute to filling this gap by analyzing the potential impact of CSR on sustainable financial value in the context of an emerging economy, Peru. To this end, we used the PLS technique to carry out quantitative analysis of data from a sample of over 200 managers at Peruvian companies. Our model is based on the premises of Social Capital Theory and Theory of Resources. Specifically, we analyze the extent to which CSR impacts corporate reputation, brand image and financial value in the context of an emerging economy. Our data indicate that—unlike more developed economies—in emerging economy contexts, direct relationships linking CSR and company financial value are lacking, though may occur by way of the path CSR > reputation > brand image > financial value. We also find that size moderates this path, while the sector of activity does not moderate the causal model. Hence, we suggest that both the cross‐cultural component and differing degrees of economic development and market maturity affect the perceived impact of CSR on financial value. The present study is pioneering in that it analyzes the impact of sustainability on financial value from the perspective of managers in an emerging economy context. Key theoretical and practical implications of our findings are provided in the final section of the paper.
Optimization and reaction kinetics analysis for phosphorus removal in struvite precipitation process
Authors: Wang Han , Tian Zeyuan , Wang He , Yan Qun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs a promising strategy to remove and recover phosphorus from wastewater, optimization of the struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) precipitation parameters is required to achieve desirable phosphorus removal efficiency. To tackle the challenges upon the precipitation optimization methods as three‐level full factorial designs, and central composite design as well, Box–Behnken design was implemented to optimize different reaction parameters for phosphorus removal and recovery during struvite precipitation in the current study. Moreover, the reaction orders and the rate equation were all determined to reveal the reaction kinetics parameters of struvite precipitation. The results showed that the optimal operating parameters of pH, Mg/P ratio and N/P ratio were 9.82, 1.45, and 4.00, respectively, by which more than 95% of phosphorus removal efficiency could be achieved. In addition, it was found that pH and pH/(N/P) had the most influence on phosphorus removal efficiency among different individual factors and interactive items, respectively. The partial orders of PO4‐P, Mg2+, and

in kinetic rate equation were determined as 1.586, 0.930, and 1.236 while the rate constant k was 0.0167 ± 0.0014 mM‐2.752 per minute by differential method.Practitioner points

Different reaction parameters were optimized by Box–Behnken design.

pH and pH/(N/P) had the most influence on phosphorus removal efficiency among different individual factors and interactive items.

The reaction orders and the rate equation were all determined to reveal the reaction kinetics parameters.
Universal critical behavior in tensor models for four-dimensional quantum gravity
Authors: Eichhorn Astrid , Lumma Johannes , Pereira Antonio D. , Sikandar Arslan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Four-dimensional random geometries can be generated by statistical models with rank-4 tensors as random variables. These are dual to discrete building blocks of random geometries. We discover a potential candidate for a continuum limit in such a model by employing background-independent coarse-graining techniques where the tensor size serves as a pre-geometric notion of scale. A fixed point candidate which features two relevant directions is found. The possible relevance of this result in view of universal results for quantum gravity and a potential connection to the asymptotic-safety program is discussed.
A more attractive scheme for radion stabilization and supercooled phase transition
Authors: Fujikura Kohei , Nakai Yuichiro , Yamada Masaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We propose a new radion stabilization mechanism in the Randall-Sundrum spacetime, introducing a bulk SU(NH) gauge field which confines at a TeV scale. It turns out that the radion is stabilized by the balance between a brane tension and a pressure due to the Casimir energy of the strong SU(NH) gauge field. We investigate the phase transition between the Randall-Sundrum (compactified) spacetime and a de-compactified spacetime and determine the parameter regime in which eternal (old) inflation is avoided and the phase transition can be completed. In comparison to the Goldberger-Wise mechanism, the 5D Planck mass can be larger than the AdS curvature and a classical description of the gravity is reliable in our stabilization mechanism. We also discuss the effect of the phase transition in cosmology such as an entropy dilution and a production of gravitational waves.