bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno‐economic analysis of inflight connectivity using an integrated satellite‐5G network
Authors: Chiha Asma , Van der Wee Marlies , Goratti Leonardo , Colle Didier 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe demand for mobile broadband services is increasing exponentially alongside with user expectations regarding the reachability of these services and their prices. This paper presents an integrated satellite and fifth generation (5G) network for providing inflight connectivity and evaluates the economic viability of offering broadband connectivity to passengers on commercial airplanes by the development of a techno‐economic framework, which considers both capital and operational expenditures to compute the total cost of ownership (TCO) and an average cost per user and per Megabyte. Results show high operational costs mainly due to satellite bandwidth usage. Therefore, caching popular content on the network onboard is beneficial to reduce the traffic carried over the satellite link, thus lowering the operational costs as well. Furthermore, the framework is used to compare the identified business models for Inflight Entertainment and Connectivity offerings and their pricing strategies, alongside a benchmark against the current inflight connectivity pricing. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is elaborated in order to mitigate the uncertainty of inputs (e.g., rate of caching) used to feed the TCO model. Following concrete recommendations are the main result of this research: (1) Providing inflight broadband services with a 2–5 Mbps throughput per user is feasible if satellite communications is integrated into the 5G network. (2) Caching popular data reduces the operational costs and hence the average cost per user (from 25% to 32% depending on the caching rate adopted). (3) This framework allows to provide recommendations on the best suited business models and related pricing schemes.
Novel antibody against low‐n oligomers of tau protein promotes clearance of tau in cells via lysosomes
Authors: Chandupatla Ram Reddy , Flatley Andrew , Feederle Regina , Mandelkow Eva‐Maria , Kaniyappan Senthilvelrajan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionTau, a natively unfolded soluble protein, forms abnormal oligomers and insoluble filaments in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD). Tau‐induced toxicity is mainly due to oligomers rather than monomers or fibrils.MethodsWe have developed monoclonal antibodies against purified low‐n tau oligomers of the tau repeat domain as a tool to neutralize tau aggregation and toxicity. In vitro aggregation inhibition was tested by thioflavin S, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using a split‐luciferase complementation assay and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS), the inhibition of aggregation was analyzed in an N2a cell model of tauopathy.ResultsAntibodies inhibited tau aggregation in vitro up to ~90% by blocking tau at an oligomeric state. Some antibodies were able to block tau dimerization/oligomerization in cells, as measured by a split‐luciferase complementation assay. Antibodies applied extracellularly were internalized and led to sequestration of tau into lysosomes for degradation.DiscussionNovel low‐n tau oligomer specific monoclonal antibody inhibits Tau oligomerization in cells and promotes toxic tau clearance.
Water‐dispersible nanocolloids and higher temperatures promote the release of carbon from riparian soil
Authors: Rod Kenton A. , Smith A. Peyton , Leng Weinan , Colby Sean , Kukkadapu Ravi K. , Bowden Mark , Qafoku Odeta , Um Wooyong , Hochella Michael F. , Bailey Vanessa L. , Renslow Ryan S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreasing temperatures in alpine regions accompanied by glacial retreat is occurring rapidly due to climate change. This may affect riparian soils by increasing weathering rates, resulting in greater organic carbon (OC) release to rivers via movement of iron‐containing colloids and nanominerals. Increased concentrations of iron‐ or silcate‐nanominerals would result in higher surface area for OC adsorption. To test the influence of temperature on OC leaching, we examined mineral weathering and nanocolloid facilitated release of OC through a series of controlled laboratory batch and column experiments using sediment from the banks of the Nisqually River, Mount Rainier in Washington State (USA). Additional experiments were conducted using the same sediments, but with an illite amendment added to test the influence of additional surface area and nanominerals that many sediments along the Nisqually River contain. These higher‐ and lower‐surface‐area sediments (i.e., sediments with and without the illite amendment) were incubated for 90 d at 4 or 20 °C, followed by batch and column OC leaching tests. Results show that OC leaching rates for 20 °C were two to three times greater than for 4 °C. Further, our results suggest that nanocolloids are responsible for moving this increased OC load from these sediments. When hydrologically connected, OC is released from bank sediments to rivers faster than presently anticipated in fluvial environments experiencing climate change‐induced glacial retreat. Further, a one‐dimensional, finite‐element computational model developed for this study estimates that a 1 °C increase in temperature over a 90‐d summer runoff period increases the OC release rate from sediments by 79%.
Investing in Fundamental Research: Evaluation of the Benefits that the UK Has Derived from CERN
Authors: Amison Philip , Brown Neil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Investing in fundamental research enables us to push the frontiers of knowledge. However, since we don’t have access to unlimited resources we have to make choices about which areas to invest in. It is often easier to place a value on the costs of an investment than the benefits. Often, the benefits of funding a piece of research cannot be known in advance of making the investment, plus it may take many years for those benefits to be realised. Even in cases where we are looking back—trying to place a value on a past or ongoing investment in research—it is not always straightforward to identify, attribute and quantify the benefits and it is typically harder still to place a monetary value upon them.
Systematizing the effective theory of self-interacting dark matter
Authors: Agrawal Prateek , Parikh Aditya , Reece Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
If dark matter has strong self-interactions, future astrophysical and cosmological observations, together with a clearer understanding of baryonic feedback effects, might be used to extract the velocity dependence of the dark matter scattering rate. To interpret such data, we should understand what predictions for this quantity are made by various models of the underlying particle nature of dark matter. In this paper, we systematically compute this function for fermionic dark matter with light bosonic mediators of vector, scalar, axial vector, and pseudoscalar type. We do this by matching to the nonrelativistic effective theory of self-interacting dark matter and then computing the spin-averaged viscosity cross section nonperturbatively by solving the Schrödinger equation, thus accounting for any possible Sommerfeld enhancement of the low-velocity cross section. In the pseudoscalar case, this requires a coupled-channel analysis of different angular momentum modes. We find, contrary to some earlier analyses, that nonrelativistic effects only provide a significant enhancement for the cases of light scalar and vector mediators. Scattering from light pseudoscalar and axial vector mediators is well described by tree-level quantum field theory.
LS-Net: fast single-shot line-segment detector
Authors: Nguyen Van Nhan , Jenssen Robert , Roverso Davide 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights, power lines are considered as one of the most threatening hazards and one of the most difficult obstacles to avoid. In recent years, many vision-based techniques have been proposed to detect power lines to facilitate self-driving UAVs and automatic obstacle avoidance. However, most of the proposed methods are typically based on a common three-step approach: (i) edge detection, (ii) the Hough transform, and (iii) spurious line elimination based on power line constrains. These approaches not only are slow and inaccurate but also require a huge amount of effort in post-processing to distinguish between power lines and spurious lines. In this paper, we introduce LS-Net, a fast single-shot line-segment detector, and apply it to power line detection. The LS-Net is by design fully convolutional, and it consists of three modules: (i) a fully convolutional feature extractor, (ii) a classifier, and (iii) a line segment regressor. Due to the unavailability of large datasets with annotations of power lines, we render synthetic images of power lines using the physically based rendering approach and propose a series of effective data augmentation techniques to generate more training data. With a customized version of the VGG-16 network as the backbone, the proposed approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the LS-Net can detect power lines in near real time. This suggests that our proposed approach has a promising role in automatic obstacle avoidance and as a valuable component of self-driving UAVs, especially for automatic autonomous power line inspection.
Integration of single and dual command operations in non-traditional warehouse design
Authors: Bortolini Marco , Galizia Francesco Gabriele , Gamberi Mauro , Gualano Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-traditional warehouses rise as effective solutions to shorten the travelled distances to store and retrieve unit loads, adding aisles crossing the parallel racks. Multiple warehouse configurations are proposed by the literature discussing the enhancements toward standard layouts. In previous contributions, the authors introduced the diagonal cross-aisle model, concluding about its positive impact on the handling performances under single command operations. This paper extends the previous works, integrating dual command operations, through an original analytic model supporting the design of non-traditional warehouses with a couple of symmetric straight diagonal cross-aisles and random storage assignment strategy. The closed-form expressions to compute the expected cycle travel distances are provided, optimising the aisle position. An industrial case study applies the model, getting distance savings ranging from 11 to 17%, compared to standard layout and further considering the loss of storage space due to the presence of the additional aisles.
Long run trails of poverty, 1925–2010
Authors: Moatsos Michail 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhat use has a poverty line when we do not know what it actually allows for? I exploit this weaknesses of the dollar-a-day methodology to motivate a relatively more consistent alternative in global poverty measurement. Poverty lines targeting well-defined welfare levels are constructed as consumption baskets, following recommendation 15 of the World Bank Commission on Global Poverty which promotes the use of a cost of basic needs approach in global poverty measurement. Those baskets are priced locally and separately for each year, and account for basic nutrition, heating, housing, health, education and other expenses. This transparent method is here applied on long run poverty measurement for a group of eight countries. A second contribution is the error accounting approach using Monte Carlo technique for micro-simulations. This is in line with recommendation 5 for “total error” accounting, published in the recent Commission on Global Poverty report. Thus, statistical analysis of global poverty becomes possible. The evolution of the poverty profile in five key western countries along with three countries from Africa, seen from a broader global perspective, allows for a comparative analysis. Among this small group of countries, the Netherlands appear to be the champions in fighting extreme absolute poverty, with all poverty lines producing zero absolute poverty rates since 1987. An important caveat in interpreting these results is the use of sub-optimal distributional data for these estimates, in order to keep the quality of the underlying data comparable throughout the estimation period.
The image in $${\mathcal {M}}_g$$ of strata of meromorphic and quadratic differentials
Authors: Bud Andrei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe compute the dimension of the image of the map$$\pi _Z :Z \rightarrow {\mathcal {M}}_g$$πZ:Z→Mgforgetting the markings, whereZis a connected component of the stratum$${\mathcal {H}}^k_g(\mu )$$Hgk(μ)ofk-differentials with an assigned partition$$\mu $$μ, for the cases when$$k=1$$k=1with meromorphic partition and$$k=2$$k=2when the quadratic differentials have at worst simple poles.
Modification and validation of the Endopep-mass spectrometry method for botulinum neurotoxin detection in liver samples with application to samples collected during animal botulism outbreaks
Authors: Tevell Åberg Annica , Karlsson Ida , Hedeland Mikael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the most potent toxins known and they cause the paralytic disease botulism in humans and animals. In order to diagnose botulism, active BoNT must be detected in biological material. Endopep-MS is a sensitive and selective method for serum samples, based on antibody capture, enzymatic cleavage of target peptides, and detection of cleavage products using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In many cases of animal botulism, serum samples are not available or they do not contain detectable amounts of BoNT and liver sampling is an alternative for postmortem examinations. However, the Endopep-MS method is impaired by the inherent protease activity of liver samples. In the presented study, the Endopep-MS method has been successfully modified and validated for analysis of cattle, horse, and avian liver samples, introducing a combination of a salt washing step and a protease inhibitor cocktail. These modifications resulted in a substantial decrease in interfering signals and increase in BoNT-specific signals. This led to a substantial improvement in sensitivity for especially BoNT-C and C/D which are among the most prominent serotypes for animal botulism. Botulism was diagnosed with the new method in liver samples from dead cattle and birds from outbreaks in Sweden.
Off-label use of dexmedetomidine in paediatric anaesthesiology: an international survey of 791 (paediatric) anaesthesiologists
Authors: van Hoorn Camille E. , Flint Robert B. , Skowno Justin , Davies Paul , Engelhardt Thomas , Lalwani Kirk , Olutoye Olutoyin , Ista Erwin , de Graaff Jurgen C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this international study was to investigate prescribing practices of dexmedetomidine by paediatric anaesthesiologists.

Methods
We performed an online survey on the prescription rate of dexmedetomidine, route of administration and dosage, adverse drug reactions, education on the drug and overall experience. Members of specialist paediatric anaesthesia societies of Europe (ESPA), New Zealand and Australia (SPANZA), Great Britain and Ireland (APAGBI) and the USA (SPA) were consulted. Responses were collected in July and August 2019.

Results
Data from 791 responders (17% of 5171 invitees) were included in the analyses. Dexmedetomidine was prescribed by 70% of the respondents (ESPA 53%; SPANZA 69%; APAGBI 34% and SPA 96%), mostly for procedural sedation (68%), premedication (46%) and/or ICU sedation (46%). Seventy-three percent had access to local or national protocols, although lack of education was the main reason cited by 26% of the respondents not to prescribe dexmedetomidine. The main difference in dexmedetomidine use concerned the age of patients (SPA primarily < 1 year, others primarily > 1 year). The dosage varied widely ranging from 0.2–5 μg kg−1 for nasal premedication, 0.2–8 μg kg−1 for nasal procedural sedation and 0–4 μg kg−1 intravenously as adjuvant for anaesthesia. Only ESPA members (61%) had noted an adverse drug reaction, namely bradycardia.

Conclusion
The majority of anaesthesiologists use dexmedetomidine in paediatrics for premedication, procedural sedation, ICU sedation and anaesthesia, despite the off-label use and sparse evidence. The large intercontinental differences in prescribing dexmedetomidine call for consensus and worldwide education on the optimal use in paediatric practice.
Condition-dependent differences in male vibratory pre-copulatory and copulatory courtship in a nuptial gift-giving spider
Authors: Eberhard Monika J. B. , Machnis Alexandra , Uhl Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCondition-dependent secondary sexual traits and signals are often crucial for mate choice decisions. Nuptial gifts, provided by the male to the female during mating, may represent an indicator of male condition, especially if production of the gift is energetically costly. Additionally, other signalling modalities may well play a role in mate choice in such systems. Females of the nursery web spiderPisaura mirabilispreferably mate with males that provide a prey item wrapped in silk. Apart from the nuptial gift, vibrational signals employed during courtship and mating may reveal additional information about male condition. We tested condition-dependence of male vibrational signals of well-fed versus starved males, when in contact with female dragline silk and during mating trials. Our results show that vibrational signals are produced inP. mirabilis, both during pre-copulatory courtship and during copulation. Male courtship signals were condition-dependent: males in good condition initiated signalling earlier and emitted more vibrational pulses than poor-condition males. They were also more likely to be accepted by the female for copulation. We additionally identified vibrational signals during copulation. These signals were different from pre-copulatory courtship vibrations but did not differ between the treatment groups. This study shows that vibrational communication plays an important role before and during copulation inP. mirabilis. It sets the stage for further experiments on spider biotremology associated with nuptial gift giving behaviour.Significance statementMale courtship behaviour can indicate a male’s condition and quality and be subject to female mate choice. Vibrational communication during mating plays a crucial role in many animal species. Spiders are known to be extremely sensitive towards vibrations, and there is evidence that vibratory signals are also used during courtship. Here, we study the nuptial gift-giving spiderPisaura mirabilisin which courtship entails providing a nuptial gift by the male to the female. The gift quality determines on the probability and duration of mating. We investigated the role of vibrational behaviour in this species by standardizing nuptial gifts. Our study demonstrates that vibratory signals comprise information about the male’s condition, that signals are also produced during mating and that courtship and copulatory signals are strikingly different. We suggest that vibrational communication provides important condition-dependent traits for female mate choice in addition to the nuptial gift.
In vivo 3D tomography of the lumbar spine using a twin robotic X-ray system: quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the lumbar neural foramina in supine and upright position
Authors: Falkowski Anna L. , Kovacs Balazs K. , Benz Robyn M. , Tobler Patrick , Schön Stephan , Stieltjes Bram , Hirschmann Anna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Supine lumbar spine examinations underestimate body weight effects on neuroforaminal size. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate size changes of the lumbar neuroforamina using supine and upright 3D tomography and to initially assess image quality compared with computed tomography (CT).

Methods
The lumbar spines were prospectively scanned in 48 patients in upright (3D tomographic twin robotic X-ray) and supine (30 with 3D tomography, 18 with CT) position. Cross-sectional area (CSA), cranio-caudal (CC), and ventro-dorsal (VD) diameters of foramina were measured by two readers and additionally graded in relation to the intervertebral disc height. Visibility of bone/soft tissue structures and image quality were assessed independently on a 5-point Likert scale for the 18 patients scanned with both modalities. Descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test (p < 0.05), and interreader reliability were calculated.

Results
Neuroforaminal size significantly decreased at all levels for both readers from the supine (normal intervertebral disc height; CSA 1.25 ± 0.32 cm2; CC 1.84 ± 0.24 cm2; VD 0.88 ± 0.16 cm2) to upright position (CSA 1.12 ± 0.34 cm2; CC 1.78 ± 0.24 cm2; VD 0.83 ± 0.16 cm2; each p < 0.001). Decrease in intervertebral disc height correlated with decrease in foraminal size (supine: CSA 0.88 ± 0.34 cm2; CC 1.39 ± 0.33 cm2; VD 0.87 ± 0.26 cm2; upright: CSA 0.83 ± 0.37 cm2, p = 0.010; CC 1.32 ± 0.33 cm2, p = 0.015; VD 0.80 ± 0.21 cm2, p = 0.021). Interreader reliability for area was fair to excellent (0.51–0.89) with a wide range for cranio-caudal (0.32–0.74) and ventro-dorsal (0.03–0.70) distances. Image quality was superior for CT compared with that for 3D tomography (p < 0.001; κ, CT = 0.66–0.92/3D tomography = 0.51–1.00).

Conclusions
The size of the lumbar foramina is smaller in the upright weight-bearing position compared with that in the supine position. Image quality, especially nerve root delineation, is inferior using 3D tomography compared to CT.

Key Points
• Weight-bearing examination demonstrates a decrease of the neuroforaminal size.
• Patients with higher decrease in intervertebral disc showed a narrower foraminal size.
• Image quality is superior with CT compared to 3D tomographic twin robotic X-ray at the lumbar spine.
Highly diverse mesophotic reef fish communities in Raja Ampat, West Papua
Authors: Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Beer Angela J. E. , Colin Luigi , Hastuti  , Head Catherine E. I. , Hidayat Nur Ismu , Lindfield Steven J. , Mitchell Catherine R. , Pada Defy N. , Piesinger Nikola M. , Purwanto  , Ahmadia Gabby N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; reefs 30–150 m depth) are poorly studied, with existing research heavily geographically biased away from the most species-rich reef regions. Yet, MCEs are of high interest because of their unique species and potential to act as refuges from the impacts of fishing. Using baited remote underwater video systems, we surveyed reef fish communities from 2 to 85 m depths throughout the Raja Ampat archipelago in West Papua, Indonesia—an area considered the heart of the Coral Triangle where coral reef biodiversity is greatest. We sought to provide the first assessment of fish communities across this depth gradient in the region and identify whether human population density and market access differently affected fish abundance based on depth. Here we show that—similar to shallow reefs—Raja Ampat MCEs are exceptionally diverse, with 152 fish species recorded at depths greater than 40 m. We found that fish community structures were highly depth driven, with declines in fish abundance at increased depth. In contrast to previous studies elsewhere in the world, we found that the proportion of planktivores declined across the shallow reef to MCE depth gradient. While greater human population density correlated with lower Epinephelidae and Lutjanidae abundance (two key fisheries families), we did not find evidence that MCEs provide a depth refuge from fishing. Surprisingly, we also found that fish abundance declined at greater distances from the major regional market—likely caused by historical fisheries pressure in more remote areas. These results both expand upon and contrast some previously established MCE-depth patterns and human impact patterns on fish communities, suggesting that regional context and historical pressures matters. Our findings highlight the need for future MCE studies within the Coral Triangle region.