bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraventricular hypothalamus mediates diurnal rhythm of metabolism
Authors: Kim Eun Ran , Xu Yuanzhong , Cassidy Ryan M. , Lu Yungang , Yang Yongjie , Tian Jinbin , Li De-Pei , Van Drunen Rachel , Ribas-Latre Aleix , Cai Zhao-Lin , Xue Mingshan , Arenkiel Benjamin R. , Eckel-Mahan Kristin , Xu Yong , Tong Qingchun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDefective rhythmic metabolism is associated with high-fat high-caloric diet (HFD) feeding, ageing and obesity; however, the neural basis underlying HFD effects on diurnal metabolism remains elusive. Here we show that deletion of BMAL1, a core clock gene, in paraventricular hypothalamic (PVH) neurons reduces diurnal rhythmicity in metabolism, causes obesity and diminishes PVH neuron activation in response to fast-refeeding. Animal models mimicking deficiency in PVH neuron responsiveness, achieved through clamping PVH neuron activity at high or low levels, both show obesity and reduced diurnal rhythmicity in metabolism. Interestingly, the PVH exhibits BMAL1-controlled rhythmic expression of GABA-A receptor γ2 subunit, and dampening rhythmicity of GABAergic input to the PVH reduces diurnal rhythmicity in metabolism and causes obesity. Finally, BMAL1 deletion blunts PVH neuron responses to external stressors, an effect mimicked by HFD feeding. Thus, BMAL1-driven PVH neuron responsiveness in dynamic activity changes involving rhythmic GABAergic neurotransmission mediates diurnal rhythmicity in metabolism and is implicated in diet-induced obesity.
Nested whole-genome duplications coincide with diversification and high morphological disparity in Brassicaceae
Authors: Walden Nora , German Dmitry A. , Wolf Eva M. , Kiefer Markus , Rigault Philippe , Huang Xiao-Chen , Kiefer Christiane , Schmickl Roswitha , Franzke Andreas , Neuffer Barbara , Mummenhoff Klaus , Koch Marcus A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAngiosperms have become the dominant terrestrial plant group by diversifying for ~145 million years into a broad range of environments. During the course of evolution, numerous morphological innovations arose, often preceded by whole genome duplications (WGD). The mustard family (Brassicaceae), a successful angiosperm clade with ~4000 species, has been diversifying into many evolutionary lineages for more than 30 million years. Here we develop a species inventory, analyze morphological variation, and present a maternal, plastome-based genus-level phylogeny. We show that increased morphological disparity, despite an apparent absence of clade-specific morphological innovations, is found in tribes with WGDs or diversification rate shifts. Both are important processes in Brassicaceae, resulting in an overall high net diversification rate. Character states show frequent and independent gain and loss, and form varying combinations. Therefore, Brassicaceae pave the way to concepts of phylogenetic genome-wide association studies to analyze the evolution of morphological form and function.
Post-replicative pairing of sister ter regions in Escherichia coli involves multiple activities of MatP
Authors: Crozat Estelle , Tardin Catherine , Salhi Maya , Rousseau Philippe , Lablaine Armand , Bertoni Tommaso , Holcman David , Sclavi Bianca , Cicuta Pietro , Cornet François 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ter region of the bacterial chromosome, where replication terminates, is the last to be segregated before cell division in Escherichia coli. Delayed segregation is controlled by the MatP protein, which binds to specific sites (matS) within ter, and interacts with other proteins such as ZapB. Here, we investigate the role of MatP by combining short-time mobility analyses of the ter locus with biochemical approaches. We find that ter mobility is similar to that of a non ter locus, except when sister ter loci are paired after replication. This effect depends on MatP, the persistence of catenanes, and ZapB. We characterise MatP/DNA complexes and conclude that MatP binds DNA as a tetramer, but bridging matS sites in a DNA-rich environment remains infrequent. We propose that tetramerisation of MatP links matS sites with ZapB and/or with non-specific DNA to promote optimal pairing of sister ter regions until cell division.
Ultra-conformal drawn-on-skin electronics for multifunctional motion artifact-free sensing and point-of-care treatment
Authors: Ershad Faheem , Thukral Anish , Yue Jiping , Comeaux Phillip , Lu Yuntao , Shim Hyunseok , Sim Kyoseung , Kim Nam-In , Rao Zhoulyu , Guevara Ross , Contreras Luis , Pan Fengjiao , Zhang Yongcao , Guan Ying-Shi , Yang Pinyi , Wang Xu , Wang Peng , Wu Xiaoyang , Yu Cunjiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn accurate extraction of physiological and physical signals from human skin is crucial for health monitoring, disease prevention, and treatment. Recent advances in wearable bioelectronics directly embedded to the epidermal surface are a promising solution for future epidermal sensing. However, the existing wearable bioelectronics are susceptible to motion artifacts as they lack proper adhesion and conformal interfacing with the skin during motion. Here, we present ultra-conformal, customizable, and deformable drawn-on-skin electronics, which is robust to motion due to strong adhesion and ultra-conformality of the electronic inks drawn directly on skin. Electronic inks, including conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, are drawn on-demand in a freeform manner to develop devices, such as transistors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, heaters, skin hydration sensors, and electrophysiological sensors. Electrophysiological signal monitoring during motion shows drawn-on-skin electronics’ immunity to motion artifacts. Additionally, electrical stimulation based on drawn-on-skin electronics demonstrates accelerated healing of skin wounds.
Histone deacetylase 3 controls lung alveolar macrophage development and homeostasis
Authors: Yao Yi , Liu Queping , Adrianto Indra , Wu Xiaojun , Glassbrook James , Khalasawi Namir , Yin Congcong , Yi Qijun , Dong Zheng , Geissmann Frederic , Zhou Li , Mi Qing-Sheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlveolar macrophages (AMs) derived from embryonic precursors seed the lung before birth and self-maintain locally throughout adulthood, but are regenerated by bone marrow (BM) under stress conditions. However, the regulation of AM development and maintenance remains poorly understood. Here, we show that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a key epigenetic factor required for AM embryonic development, postnatal homeostasis, maturation, and regeneration from BM. Loss of HDAC3 in early embryonic development affects AM development starting at E14.5, while loss of HDAC3 after birth affects AM homeostasis and maturation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses reveal four distinct AM sub-clusters and a dysregulated cluster-specific pathway in the HDAC3-deficient AMs. Moreover, HDAC3-deficient AMs exhibit severe mitochondrial oxidative dysfunction and deteriorative cell death. Mechanistically, HDAC3 directly binds toPpargenhancers, and HDAC3 deficiency impairsPpargexpression and its signaling pathway. Our findings identify HDAC3 as a key epigenetic regulator of lung AM development and homeostasis.
Immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic control of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
Authors: Buqué Aitziber , Bloy Norma , Perez-Lanzón Maria , Iribarren Kristina , Humeau Juliette , Pol Jonathan G. , Levesque Sarah , Mondragon Laura , Yamazaki Takahiro , Sato Ai , Aranda Fernando , Durand Sylvère , Boissonnas Alexandre , Fucikova Jitka , Senovilla Laura , Enot David , Hensler Michal , Kremer Margerie , Stoll Gautier , Hu Yang , Massa Chiara , Formenti Silvia C. , Seliger Barbara , Elemento Olivier , Spisek Radek , André Fabrice , Zitvogel Laurence , Delaloge Suzette , Kroemer Guido , Galluzzi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHormone receptor (HR)+ breast cancer (BC) causes most BC-related deaths, calling for improved therapeutic approaches. Despite expectations, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) are poorly active in patients with HR+ BC, in part reflecting the lack of preclinical models that recapitulate disease progression in immunocompetent hosts. We demonstrate that mammary tumors driven by medroxyprogesterone acetate (M) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (D) recapitulate several key features of human luminal B HR+HER2− BC, including limited immune infiltration and poor sensitivity to ICBs. M/D-driven oncogenesis is accelerated by immune defects, demonstrating that M/D-driven tumors are under immunosurveillance. Safe nutritional measures including nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation efficiently delay M/D-driven oncogenesis by reactivating immunosurveillance. NAM also mediates immunotherapeutic effects against established M/D-driven and transplantable BC, largely reflecting increased type I interferon secretion by malignant cells and direct stimulation of immune effector cells. Our findings identify NAM as a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of HR+ BC.
Functional 3D architecture in an intrinsically disordered E3 ligase domain facilitates ubiquitin transfer
Authors: Murphy Paul , Xu Yingqi , Rouse Sarah L. , Jaffray Ellis G. , Plechanovová Anna , Matthews Steve J. , Carlos Penedo J. , Hay Ronald T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe human genome contains an estimated 600 ubiquitin E3 ligases, many of which are single-subunit E3s (ssE3s) that can bind to both substrate and ubiquitin-loaded E2 (E2~Ub). Within ssE3s structural disorder tends to be located in substrate binding and domain linking regions. RNF4 is a ssE3 ligase with a C-terminal RING domain and disordered N-terminal region containing SUMO Interactions Motifs (SIMs) required to bind SUMO modified substrates. Here we show that, although the N-terminal region of RNF4 bears no secondary structure, it maintains a compact global architecture primed for SUMO interaction. Segregated charged regions within the RNF4 N-terminus promote compaction, juxtaposing RING domain and SIMs to facilitate substrate ubiquitination. Mutations that induce a more extended shape reduce ubiquitination activity. Our result offer insight into a key step in substrate ubiquitination by a member of the largest ubiquitin ligase subtype and reveal how a defined architecture within a disordered region contributes to E3 ligase function.
Tensor factorization for elucidating mechanisms of piezoresponse relaxation via dynamic Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Kelley Kyle P. , Li Linglong , Ren Yao , Ehara Yoshitaka , Funakubo Hiroshi , Somnath Suhas , Jesse Stephen , Cao Ye , Kannan Ramakrishnan , Vasudevan Rama K. , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpatially resolved time and voltage-dependent polarization dynamics in PbTiO3 thin films is explored using dynamic piezoresponse force microscopy (D-PFM) in conjunction with interferometric displacement sensing. This approach gives rise to 4D data sets containing information on bias-dependent relaxation dynamics at each spatial location without long-range electrostatic artifacts. To interpret these data sets in the absence of defined physical models, we employ a non-negative tensor factorization method which clearly presents the data as a product of simple behaviors allowing for direct physics interpretation. Correspondingly, we perform phase-field modeling finding the existence of ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ domain wall edges. This approach can be extended to other multidimensional spectroscopies for which even exploratory data analysis leads to unsatisfactory results due to many components in the decomposition.
LH supplementation of ovarian stimulation protocols influences follicular fluid steroid composition contributing to the improvement of ovarian response in poor responder women
Authors: Marchiani S. , Tamburrino L. , Benini F. , Pallecchi M. , Bignozzi C. , Conforti A. , Alviggi C. , Vignozzi L. , Danza G. , Pellegrini S. , Baldi E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this prospective study, we evaluated the steroid levels in 111 follicular fluids (FF) collected from 13 women stimulated with FSH monotherapy and 205 FF collected from 28 women stimulated with FSH + LH because of a previous history of hypo-responsiveness to FSH. Steroid levels were measured by HPLC/MS–MS and related to ovarian stimulation protocol, oocyte maturity, fertilization and quality of blastocysts, after individually tracking the fate of all retrieved oocytes. 17-Hydroxy-Progesterone, Androstenedione, Estradiol and Estrone were significantly higher in the FSH + LH protocol. Progesterone, 17-Hydroxy-Progesterone and Estradiol were more expressed in FF yielding a mature oocyte (p < 0.01) in the FSH + LH protocol. FF Progesterone concentration was correlated with the rate of normal fertilization in the FSH protocol. None of the FF steroids measured were associated with blastocyst quality and achievement of pregnancy. Our results indicate that LH supplementation in hypo-responsive women modifies ovarian steroid production, mimicking physiological production better and likely contributing to an improved ovarian response. Employing a correct methodological procedure to evaluate the relationship between FF steroid hormones and assisted reproduction outcomes, our study reveals that some steroids in single follicles may be helpful in predicting oocyte maturity and fertilization.
Roniciclib down-regulates stemness and inhibits cell growth by inducing nucleolar stress in neuroblastoma
Authors: Ognibene Marzia , Pezzolo Annalisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuroblastoma, an embryonic tumor arising from neuronal crest progenitor cells, has been shown to contain a population of undifferentiated stem cells responsible for the malignant state and the unfavorable prognosis. Although many previous studies have analyzed neuroblastoma stem cells and their therapeutic targeting, this topic appears still open to novel investigations. Here we found that neurospheres derived from neuroblastoma stem-like cells showed a homogeneous staining for several key nucleolar proteins, such as Nucleolin, Nucleophosmin-1, Glypican-2 and PES-1. We investigated the effects of Roniciclib (BAY 1000394), an anticancer stem cells agent, on neurospheres and on an orthotopic neuroblastoma mouse model, discovering an impressive inhibition of tumor growth and indicating good chances for the use of Roniciclib in vivo. We demonstrated that Roniciclib is not only a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, but also a nucleolar stress inducer, revealing a possible novel mechanism underlying Roniciclib-mediated repression of cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that high expression of Nucleophosmin-1 correlates with patients’ short survival. The co-expression of several stem cell surface antigens such as CD44v6 and CD114, together with the nucleolar markers here described, extends new possibilities to isolate undifferentiated subpopulations from neuroblastoma and identify new targets for the treatment of this childhood malignancy.
Resource partitioning among stranded aquatic mammals from Amazon and Northeastern coast of Brazil revealed through Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopes
Authors: Costa Alexandra F. , Botta Silvina , Siciliano Salvatore , Giarrizzo Tommaso 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAquatic mammals play an important role in community structure. The present study applied stable isotope analysis (SIA) to evidence trophic relationships and resource partitioning among aquatic mammals inhabiting different environments in the Amazon estuarine complex and adjacent coastal zone (AE) and Northeastern coast (NC) of Brazil. In addition, isotopic niche partitioning among Sotalia guianensis, Inia spp. and Trichechus inunguis within the AE was also evaluated, and ecological S. guianensis stocks were characterized. Among marine delphinids, the carbon isotopic composition in offshore species mirrored that of nearshore species, contradicting the pattern of decreasing δ13C values characteristic of many areas around the world including areas in Southeastern and Southern Brazil. Isotopic niches were highly distinct, with no overlap among the assessed species inhabiting the AE. Inia spp. and T. inunguis occupied significantly larger isotopic niche spaces, suggesting high habitat plasticity. S. guianensis inhabited two coastal regions indicating an ecological distinction. Nitrogen values were similar between S. guianensis from the NC and AE, indicating comparable trophic positions. However, NC specimens presented more variable δ13C values compared to those from AE. SIA results also allowed for insights concerning habitat use and the trophic ecology of dolphin species inhabiting different oceanographic regions off Northern/Northeast Brazil. These findings provide novel data on the stable isotope composition for cetaceans and sirenians from this region, and aid in furthering knowledge on the trophic ecology and habitat use of the investigated species.
The role of aspartic acid in reducing coral calcification under ocean acidification conditions
Authors: Kellock Celeste , Cole Catherine , Penkman Kirsty , Evans David , Kröger Roland , Hintz Chris , Hintz Ken , Finch Adrian , Allison Nicola 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiomolecules play key roles in regulating the precipitation of CaCO3 biominerals but their response to ocean acidification is poorly understood. We analysed the skeletal intracrystalline amino acids of massive, tropical Porites spp. corals cultured over different seawater pCO2. We find that concentrations of total amino acids, aspartic acid/asparagine (Asx), glutamic acid/glutamine and alanine are positively correlated with seawater pCO2 and inversely correlated with seawater pH. Almost all variance in calcification rates between corals can be explained by changes in the skeletal total amino acid, Asx, serine and alanine concentrations combined with the calcification media pH (a likely indicator of the dissolved inorganic carbon available to support calcification). We show that aspartic acid inhibits aragonite precipitation from seawater in vitro, at the pH, saturation state and approximate aspartic acid concentrations inferred to occur at the coral calcification site. Reducing seawater saturation state and increasing [aspartic acid], as occurs in some corals at high pCO2, both serve to increase the degree of inhibition, indicating that biomolecules may contribute to reduced coral calcification rates under ocean acidification.
Metagenomic characterisation of avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from Australian wild ducks
Authors: Vibin Jessy , Chamings Anthony , Klaassen Marcel , Bhatta Tarka Raj , Alexandersen Soren 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDucks can shed and disseminate viruses and thus play a role in cross-species transmission. In the current study, we detected and characterised various avian parvoviruses and picornaviruses from wild Pacific black ducks, Chestnut teals, Grey teals and Wood ducks sampled at multiple time points from a single location using metagenomics. We characterised 46 different avian parvoviruses belonging to three different genera Dependoparvovirus, Aveparvovirus and Chaphamaparvovirus, and 11 different avian picornaviruses tentatively belonging to four different genera Sicinivirus, Anativirus, Megrivirus and Aalivirus. Most of these viruses were genetically different from other currently known viruses from the NCBI dataset. The study showed that the abundance and number of avian picornaviruses and parvoviruses varied considerably throughout the year, with the high number of virus reads in some of the duck samples highly suggestive of an active infection at the time of sampling. The detection and characterisation of several parvoviruses and picornaviruses from the individual duck samples also suggests co-infection, which may lead to the emergence of novel viruses through possible recombination. Therefore, as new and emerging diseases evolve, it is relevant to explore and monitor potential animal reservoirs in their natural habitat.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Lysiloma acapulcensis exhibit high-antimicrobial activity
Authors: Garibo Diana , Borbón-Nuñez Hugo A. , de León Jorge N. Díaz , García Mendoza Ernesto , Estrada Iván , Toledano-Magaña Yanis , Tiznado Hugo , Ovalle-Marroquin Marcela , Soto-Ramos Alicia G. , Blanco Alberto , Rodríguez José A. , Romo Oscar A. , Chávez-Almazán Luis A. , Susarrey-Arce Arturo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe scientific community is exploiting the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nanomedicine and other AgNPs combination like with biomaterials to reduce microbial contamination. In the field of nanomedicine and biomaterials, AgNPs are used as an antimicrobial agent. One of the most effective approaches for the production of AgNPs is green synthesis. Lysiloma acapulcensis (L. acapulcensis) is a perennial tree used in traditional medicine in Mexico. This tree contains abundant antimicrobial compounds. In the context of antimicrobial activity, the use of L. acapulcensis extracts can reduce silver to AgNPs and enhance its antimicrobial activity. In this work, we demonstrate such antimicrobial activity effect employing green synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis. The FTIR and LC–MS results showed the presence of chemical groups that could act as either (i) reducing agents stabilizing the AgNPs or (ii) antimicrobial capping agents enhancing antimicrobial properties of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs with L. acapulcensis were crystalline with a spherical and quasi-spherical shape with diameters from 1.2 to 62 nm with an average size diameter of 5 nm. The disk diffusion method shows the magnitude of the susceptibility over four pathogenic microorganisms of clinical interest. The antimicrobial potency obtained was as follows: E. coli ≥ S. aureus ≥ P. aeruginosa > C. albicans. The results showed that green synthesized (biogenic) AgNPs possess higher antimicrobial potency than chemically produced AgNPs. The obtained results confirm a more significant antimicrobial effect of the biogenic AgNPs maintaining low-cytotoxicity than the AgNPs produced chemically.
KCl-induced cortical spreading depression waves more heterogeneously propagate than optogenetically-induced waves in lissencephalic brain: an analysis with optical flow tools
Authors: Donmez-Demir Buket , Erdener Şefik Evren , Karatas Hulya , Kaya Zeynep , Ulusoy Ilkay , Dalkara Turgay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD) were originally assumed to be homogeneously and concentrically propagating waves, evidence obtained first in gyrencephalic brains and later in lissencephalic brains suggested a rather non-uniform propagation, shaped heterogeneously by factors like cortical region differences, vascular anatomy, wave recurrences and refractory periods. Understanding this heterogeneity is important to better evaluate the experimental models on the mechanistics of CSD and to make appropriate clinical estimations on neurological disorders like migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. This study demonstrates the application of optical flow analysis tools for systematic and objective evaluation of spatiotemporal CSD propagation patterns in anesthetized mice and compares the propagation profile in different CSD induction models. Our findings confirm the asymmetric angular CSD propagation in lissencephalic brains and suggest a strong dependency on induction-method, such that continuous potassium chloride application leads to significantly higher angular propagation variability compared to optogenetically-induced CSDs.