bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One size doesn’t fit all: the General Data Protection Regulation vis-à-vis international commercial arbitration
Authors: Natarajan Ramani Gaurav 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article outlines potential issues posed by the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to international commercial arbitration proceedings and international arbitral institutions. The GDPR seeks to protect a natural person’s fundamental right against unlawful data processing. It applies widely and covers the processing of personal data in almost all types of services, irrespective of the nature of such service. The circumstances under which the GDPR allows for processing of personal data is limited to six categories. This article delves into the question of whether processing of personal data in an international commercial arbitration would be covered under this exhaustive list of lawful purposes. The analysis highlights how the application of the GDPR would present hurdles to commercial arbitration proceedings and global arbitral institutions, and argues that data protection laws must not be applied in a blanket manner without regard to the unique purposes of processing. The author also proposes necessary amendments to make room for the processing of personal data in private dispute resolution services such as arbitrations, and emphasizes on the need for special exemptions to allow administrative functions of arbitral institutions such as the ICC-Court of Arbitration as well. These exemptions are key to the functioning of private dispute resolution within Europe, and the expansion of arbitration as a form of private dispute resolution on a global scale.
Community-acquired Pneumonia Guideline Recommendations—Impact of a Consensus-based Process versus Systematic Reviews
Authors: Wilson Kevin C , Schoenberg Noah C , Cohn David L , Crothers Kristina , Fennelly Kevin P , Metlay Joshua P , Saukkonen Jussi J , Strange Charlie , Waterer Grant , Dweik Raed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe American Thoracic Society (ATS)/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) guidelines were developed using systematic reviews to inform every recommendation, as suggested by the Institute of Medicine Standards for Trustworthy Guidelines. Recent studies suggest that an expert consensus-based approach, called the Convergence of Opinion on Recommendations and Evidence (CORE) process, can produce recommendations that are concordant with recommendations informed by systematic reviews.PurposeThe goal of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CORE process had it been used to develop the ATS/IDSA CAP guidelines.MethodsExperts in CAP who were not on the guideline panel and had no knowledge of the guideline’s systematic reviews or recommendations were recruited to participate in the CORE process, addressing the same questions asked by the guideline panel. Recommendations derived from the CORE process were compared to the guideline recommendations. Concordance of the course of action, strength of recommendation, and quality of evidence were determined.ResultsUsing a threshold of 70% of experts selecting the same course of action to make a recommendation, the CORE process yielded a recommendation for 20 of 31 (65%) questions. Among the 20 CORE-derived recommendations, 19 (95%) were concordant with the guideline recommendations (kappa agreement 0.88, 95% CI .64–1.00). There was less agreement among the strength of recommendations (58%) and quality of evidence (42%).ConclusionsIf the CORE process had been used, 11 systematic reviews would have been necessary rather than 31, with minimal impact on the recommended courses of action.
Unraveling the Mysteries of Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Scientific Opportunities and Priorities for Future Research
Authors: Lerner Andrea M , DeRocco Amanda J , Yang Linda , Robinson Daphne A , Eisinger Robert W , Bushar Nicholas D , Nath Avindra , Erbelding Emily 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Since 2014, cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) have been reported in the United States in increasing numbers biennially, occurring in the late summer and early fall. Although there is unlikely to be a single causative agent of this syndrome, non–polio enteroviruses, including enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68), have had epidemiological and laboratory associations with AFM. Much remains to be known about AFM and AFM-associated enteroviruses, including disease pathogenesis and the best strategies for development of therapeutics or preventive modalities including vaccines. To catalyze research that addresses these scientific and clinical gaps, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases convened a workshop entitled “AFM Preparedness: Addressing EV-D68 and Other AFM-Associated Enteroviruses” on 19–20 February 2020.
Semantic Analysis to Identify Students’ Feedback
Authors: Masood Khalid , Khan Muhammad Adnan , Saeed Usman , Al Ghamdi Mohammed A , Asif Muhammad , Arfan Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this research, an automated analysis is performed on students’ chat and text data generated by social media platforms over the course of one semester and thoroughly analyzed for potential feedback about teaching, exams, and course contents. A data crawler is developed that performs horizontal and vertical samplings of the data. After data crawling, a few preprocessing steps are performed including text extraction, noise removal, stop-word removal, word stemming, text classification, and feature extraction. The intensity of a review is determined using four measures containing knowledge and understanding, course contents, teaching style, and assessment procedures for a specific course. The proposed system contains features from text mining and web mining to automatically identify a review whenever a user writes comments on their studies. This system aims to provide curriculum development committees with valuable online student feedback and assist in curriculum improvements. By comparing these automated reviews to results obtained from manual student survey forms, we found that the automated system yields the same output but at a fraction of the cost and time typically spent on collecting and analyzing manual student surveys.
Mapping catheter-related mitral valve injury: a case report
Authors: Shergill Simran , Clarke Nigel R A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
An increasing number of catheter ablations are performed for symptomatic tachyarrhythmias and commonly involve the left atrium, increasing the risk of catheter interaction with the mitral valve (MV) complex. Mitral valve trauma at the time of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablations remains a rare yet emergent situation that requires prompt diagnosis and management to prevent the long-term sequelae of heart failure secondary to MV dysfunction.

Case summary
We present a case of a 69-year-old female with symptomatic paroxysmal AF and atrial flutter who underwent a combined ablation procedure. During the pulmonary vein isolation procedure, the mapping catheter became entangled within the MV apparatus but was freed. She presented to our hospital 2 weeks later with dyspnoea, lethargy, and a cough. Clinical examination revealed a pansystolic murmur and right moderate pleural effusion. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) demonstrated a flail posterior MV leaflet with severe eccentric mitral regurgitation (MR). She underwent urgent valve repair at the regional cardiothoracic centre. Upon review 2 months later, she was symptom free with surveillance TTE demonstrating a preserved left ventricular systolic function with a trace of MR.

Discussion
Mitral valve injury secondary to catheter entrapment at the time of left-sided ablations is a rare yet serious complication and can present as an emergent situation requiring prompt recognition and early surgical management to salvage valve and cardiac function.
Clinical outcomes and programming strategies of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator devices in paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a UK National Cohort Study
Authors: Norrish Gabrielle , Chubb Henry , Field Ella , McLeod Karen , Ilina Maria , Spentzou Georgia , Till Jan , Daubeney Piers E F , Stuart Alan Graham , Matthews Jane , Hares Dominic , Brown Elspeth , Linter Katie , Bhole Vinay , Pillai Krishnakumar , Bowes Michael , Jones Caroline B , Uzun Orhan , Wong Amos , Yue Arthur , Sadagopan Shankar , Bharucha Tara , Yap Norah , Rosenthal Eric , Mathur Sujeev , Adwani Satish , Reinhardt Zdenka , Mangat Jasveer , Kaski Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common mode of death in paediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study describes the implant and programming strategies with clinical outcomes following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) insertion in a well-characterized national paediatric HCM cohort.

Methods and results
Data from 90 patients undergoing ICD insertion at a median age 13 (±3.5) for primary (n = 67, 74%) or secondary prevention (n = 23, 26%) were collected from a retrospective, longitudinal multi-centre cohort of children (&lt;16 years) with HCM from the UK. Seventy-six (84%) had an endovascular system [14 (18%) dual coil], 3 (3%) epicardial, and 11 (12%) subcutaneous system. Defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing was performed at implant in 68 (76%). Inadequate DFT in four led to implant adjustment in three patients. Over a median follow-up of 54 months (interquartile range 28–111), 25 (28%) patients had 53 appropriate therapies [ICD shock n = 45, anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) n = 8], incidence rate 4.7 per 100 patient years (95% CI 2.9–7.6). Eight inappropriate therapies occurred in 7 (8%) patients (ICD shock n = 4, ATP n = 4), incidence rate 1.1/100 patient years (95% CI 0.4–2.5). Three patients (3%) died following arrhythmic events, despite a functioning device. Other device complications were seen in 28 patients (31%), including lead-related complications (n = 15) and infection (n = 10). No clinical, device, or programming characteristics predicted time to inappropriate therapy or lead complication.

Conclusion
In a large national cohort of paediatric HCM patients with an ICD, device and programming strategies varied widely. No particular strategy was associated with inappropriate therapies, missed/delayed therapies, or lead complications.
Dementia, Sexuality, and the Law: The Case for Advance Decisions on Intimacy
Authors: Sorinmade Oluwatoyin , Ruck Keene Alex , Peisah Carmelle 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Some individuals develop dementia and the invariable consequence of dementia is a decline in cognition and level of functioning. Despite the effects of this illness, people with dementia still seek intimacy and companionship as part of their expression of basic human instincts and have the right to equal enjoyment of relationships and privacy for such. At the same time, they have the right to be safeguarded against abuse. The law in England and Wales, in common with the majority, if not all, jurisdictions around the world is clear on the requirement for contemporaneous consent to sexual activity, thereby creating unmet needs for people with dementia who no longer have the capacity to consent to intimacy/sexuality. This creates an impetus to find ways to empower individuals with dementia to enjoy intimacy in a safe and lawful way and enable them to live well despite dementia. This article proposes an instrument known as the Advance Decision on Intimacy, in pursuit of the concept of precedent autonomy, to empower individuals to make decisions about how they would wish to express their sexuality at a material time in future when they would have lost the capacity to consent to such acts. While the article is framed by reference to English law, the principles are of wider relevance.
The mechanistic role of alpha-synuclein in the nucleus: impaired nuclear function caused by familial Parkinson’s disease SNCA mutations
Authors: Chen Vivian , Moncalvo Malik , Tringali Dominic , Tagliafierro Lidia , Shriskanda Ahila , Ilich Ekaterina , Dong Wendy , Kantor Boris , Chiba-Falek Ornit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlpha-synuclein SNCA has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, the normal function of alpha-synuclein protein and the pathway that mediates its pathogenic effect is yet to be discovered. We investigated the mechanistic role of SNCA in the nucleus utilizing isogenic human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neurons from PD patients with autosomal dominant mutations, A53T and SNCA-triplication, and their corresponding corrected lines by genome- and epigenome-editing. Comparisons of shape and integrity of the nuclear envelope and its resistance to stresses found that both mutations result in similar nuclear envelope perturbations that were reversed in the isogenic mutation-corrected cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that SNCA mutation has adverse effects on the nucleus by trapping Ras-related nuclear protein (RAN) and preventing it from transporting key nuclear proteins such as, DNMT3A, for maintaining normal nuclear function. For the first time, we proposed that α-syn interacts with RAN and normally functions in the nucleocytoplasmic transport while exerts its pathogenic effect by sequestering RAN. We suggest that defects in the nucleocytoplasmic transport components may be a general pathomechanistic driver of neurodegenerative diseases.
FKBP8 variants are risk factors for spina bifida
Authors: Tian Tian , Cao Xuanye , Kim Sung-Eun , Lin Ying Linda , Steele John W , Cabrera Robert M , Karki Menuka , Yang Wei , Marini Nicholas J , Hoffman Ethan N , Han Xiao , Hu Cindy , Wang Linlin , Wlodarczyk Bogdan J , Shaw Gary M , Ren Aiguo , Finnell Richard H , Lei Yunping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a group of severe congenital malformations caused by a failure of neural tube closure during early embryonic development. Although extensively investigated, the genetic etiology of NTDs remains poorly understood. FKBP8 is critical for proper mammalian neural tube closure. Fkbp8−/− mouse embryos showed posterior NTDs consistent with a diagnosis of spina bifida (SB). To date, no publication has reported any association between FKBP8 and human NTDs. Using Sanger sequencing on genomic DNA samples from 472 SB and 565 control samples, we identified five rare (MAF ≤ 0.001) deleterious variants in SB patients, while no rare deleterious variant was identified in the controls (P = 0.0191). p.Glu140* affected FKBP8 localization to the mitochondria and created a truncated form of the FKBP8 protein, thus impairing its interaction with BCL2 and ultimately leading to an increase in cellular apoptosis. p.Ser3Leu, p.Lys315Asn and p.Ala292Ser variants decreased FKBP8 protein level. p.Lys315Asn further increased the cellular apoptosis. RNA sequencing on anterior and posterior tissues isolated from Fkbp8−/− and wildtype mice at E9.5 and E10.5 showed that Fkbp8−/− embryos have an abnormal expression profile within tissues harvested at posterior sites, thus leading to a posterior NTD. Moreover, we found that Fkbp8 knockout mouse embryos have abnormal expression of Wnt3a and Nkx2.9 during the early stage of neural tube development, perhaps also contributing to caudal specific NTDs. These findings provide evidence that functional variants of FKBP8 are risk factors for SB, which may involve a novel mechanism by which Fkbp8 mutations specifically cause SB in mice.
Associations of staple food consumption and types of cooking oil with waist circumference and body mass index in older Chinese men and women: a panel analysis
Authors: Lee Yen-Han , Chang Yen-Chang , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Chiang Timothy , Shelley Mack , Liu Ching-Ti 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The dietary landscape has changed rapidly in China in the past few decades. This research investigates the associations of older adults’ choices and consumption of staple foods and cooking oils with obesity-related measurements.

Methods
Panel data were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Longevity Survey from 3253 older participants with 6506 observations. Ordinary least squares and ordered logistic regression models were estimated with the outcomes of obesity determined by waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI), respectively.

Results
Older men who consumed wheat had wider WCs (β=2.84 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.55 to 4.13], p&lt;0.01) and higher BMIs (adjusted odds ratio 1.74 [95% CI 1.40 to 2.17], p&lt;0.01) than those who preferred rice. Female participants who used animal-based cooking oil had lower WCs and BMIs than their counterparts who consumed vegetable-based cooking oil. Increased consumption of staple foods was associated with increased rates of obesity in both sexes.

Conclusion
Dieticians and nutritionists should design appropriate dietary plans to help reduce obesity and chronic diseases among older Chinese adults. Further clinical trials are needed to continue investigating this topic.
Trading Arguments: Opinion Updating in the Context of International Trade Agreements
Authors: Spilker Gabriele , Nguyen Quynh , Bernauer Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPublic opinion can often become a key challenge to international cooperation efforts. In their attempt to garner support for their position, stakeholders fight for the hearts and minds of the public based on arguments about the consequences of different policy options. But to what extent do individuals’ preferences change when exposed to such information? And how does this depend on the information being congruent or contradictory to pre-existing preferences? We address these questions in the context of the negotiations on the potentially largest regional trade agreement in history: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Based on a two-waves-panel-survey-experiment fielded in Germany and the United States, we examine how individuals’ prior opinion influences the way they process new information. We argue that individuals’ existing priors about how they generally think about economic openness interact with new information to inform their opinion about the specific policy proposal at hand. Our experimental results show that while prior opinion constrains opinion updating to some degree, overall, citizens update their existing beliefs in line with new information. This updating process can even result in respondents changing their opinion, although only in one direction: namely to turn from a TTIP supporter to a TTIP opponent.
Reputation Shocks and Recovery in Public-Serving Organizations: The Moderating Effect of Mission Valence
Authors: Willems Jurgen , Faulk Lewis , Boenigk Silke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of negative and positive signals on public-serving organizations’ reputations. We draw on sociocognitive perspectives to test how organizations’ breaches of stakeholders’ trust are repairable over time as well as the moderating effect of organizational mission valence on this forgiveness process. Multilevel data from two slope-shift experiments (n = 304; n = 582) show that mission valence, or individuals’ affinity with an organization’s mission, intensifies the effects of both negative and positive signals in organizations’ reputation building processes. Negative signals have stronger negative effects on intentions to support the organization for individuals with high mission valence. However, the effect of successive positive signals is also stronger for individuals with high mission valence, suggesting greater forgiveness following a stronger breach of trust among these stakeholders.
The Last Gift: Advanced Healthcare Directives and the Family Members of Incapacitated Patients
Authors: Collins Eunice 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article will provide an overview of the law related to the withdrawal of treatment from incapacitated adult patients in Ireland and the role of family members in such decisions. This overview will touch on the best interests test, how the wishes of an incapacitated patient may be assessed, and the tension that may arise between medical assessments and the views of the family of the patient. Cases arising in the UK and the USA will be discussed where relevant. It will be argued that family members should be provided with more information, particularly with respect to Do Not Attempt Resuscitation orders. The article calls for greater discussion about death and dying, and greater use of advance healthcare directives.
The distance from the Sun to the centre and the shape of the old bulge in the Galaxy: 16 221 OGLE RR Lyrae stars
Authors: Griv Evgeny , Gedalin Michael , Pietrukowicz Pawel , Majaess Daniel , Jiang Ing-Guey 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
A statistical method is used to determine both the Sun’s distance r0 from the Galactic Centre and the 3D structure of the old stellar population of the Galactic bulge. The space distribution of 16 221 high latitude type-RRab RR Lyrae stars from the optical OGLE survey located towards the bulge is explored. An estimate by using RR Lyraes leads to a mean r0 = 8.28 ± 0.14 kpc within the effective bulge radius of rbulge = 2–3 kpc. The distribution of RR Lyraes within rbulge has the shape of an ellipsoid slightly elongated almost towards the Sun with a major axis of its symmetry a and two minor axes b and c of about the same length. The axial ratio is a: b: c ≈ 1: 0.7: 0.7. These age-old, metal-poor, and kinematically hot stars do not trace a strong bar-like structure in the direction of the bulge at distances &gt;1 kpc from the Galactic Centre, as b/a ∼ 1.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: The link between bars and the early cessation of star formation in spiral galaxies
Authors: Fraser-McKelvie Amelia , Merrifield Michael , Aragón-Salamanca Alfonso , Peterken Thomas , Kraljic Katarina , Masters Karen , Stark David , Fragkoudi Francesca , Smethurst Rebecca , Fraser Boardman Nicholas , Drory Niv , Lane Richard R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Bars are common in low-redshift disc galaxies, and hence quantifying their influence on their host is of importance to the field of galaxy evolution. We determine the stellar populations and star formation histories of 245 barred galaxies from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) galaxy survey, and compare them to a mass- and morphology-matched comparison sample of unbarred galaxies. At fixed stellar mass and morphology, barred galaxies are optically redder than their unbarred counterparts. From stellar population analysis using the full spectral fitting code starlight, we attribute this difference to both older and more metal-rich stellar populations. Dust attenuation however, is lower in the barred sample. The star formation histories of barred galaxies peak earlier than their non-barred counterparts, and the galaxies build up their mass at earlier times. We can detect no significant differences in the local environment of barred and unbarred galaxies in this sample, but find that the H i gas mass fraction is significantly lower in high-mass ($\rm {M}_{\star } \gt 10^{10}~\rm {M}_{\odot }$) barred galaxies than their non-barred counterparts. We speculate on the mechanisms that have allowed barred galaxies to be older, more metal-rich and more gas-poor today, including the efficient redistribution of galactic fountain byproducts, and a runaway bar formation scenario in gas-poor discs. While it is not possible to fully determine the effect of the bar on galaxy quenching, we conclude that the presence of a bar and the early cessation of star formation within a galaxy are intimately linked.