bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biotechnological recycling of critical metals from waste printed circuit boards
Authors: Srivastava Rajiv R , Ilyas Sadia , Kim Hyunjung , Choi Sowon , Trinh Ha B , Ghauri Muhammad A , Ilyas Nimra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCritical metals are key raw materials for new generation clean energy production. The extraction of critical metals often follows the difficult processing of primary ores and they are many times recovered as the companion metals. With the depletion of primary reserves, the focus has now shifted to processing the urban mines, like electronic (e‐)waste. Among the different types of e‐waste, the waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are the major reservoir of high‐value critical metals and are usually treated by the traditional pyro‐ and/or hydro‐metallurgical techniques. However, the application of microbial activities in metals recycling is rapidly emerging as a green technology in comparison to smelter or chemical processing. The application of microorganisms (bacteria/fungi) in WPCBs’ recycling is being increasingly explored in order to meet the parallel objectives of resource recovery and pollution mitigation. Therefore, the present article assesses the current frontiers in bioleaching of critical metals from WPCBs and contains discussions on process fundamentals, challenges, and perspectives. The applicability of microbial recycling of WPCBs at a higher scale in terms of a circular economy and urban mining notion, the techno‐economic analysis, and environmental sustainability in comparison to the chemical processing route are also discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
miR‐874‐3p inhibits cell migration through targeting RGS4 in osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Wei‐Gang , Zhuo Lei , Lu Yun , Wang Lin , Ji Yan‐Xia , Guo Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study explored the role and mechanism of microRNA‐874‐3p (miR‐874‐3p) in the migration of the osteosarcoma cell line, U‐2 OS.MethodsThe expression profile of osteosarcoma (OS) microRNA (GSE65071) datasets was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in OS and its biological functions. A quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression of miR‐874‐3p and its target gene regulator of G protein 4 (RGS4) in human osteosarcoma cells U‐2 OS and normal osteoblast hFOB1.19. Plasmid overexpression miR‐874‐3p and pcDNA‐RGS4 were transfected into U‐2 OS using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). Cell migration was measured using Transwell migration assays. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to search for the target gene of miR‐874‐3p.ResultsIn total, 167 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected after the analysis of GSE65071; of which 78 were up‐regulated genes and 89 were down‐regulated. miR‐874‐3p was down‐regulated and selected for further analysis. The expression level of miR‐874‐3p in U‐2 OS cells was significantly decreased compared to the hFOB1.19 cell line (p < 0.05). Overexpression of miR‐874‐3p significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of U‐2 OS cells and overexpression of RGS4 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‐874‐3p on U‐2 OS cells. Through luciferase report analyses and bioinformatic analysis, RGS4 may be the candidate target gene of miR‐874‐3p.ConclusionsIn conclusion, overexpression of miR‐874‐3p suppressed OS cell proliferation and migration. Thus, miR‐874‐3p might present a therapeutic agent for the treatment of OS.
Synthesis of novel isoxazole functionalized pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives; their anticancer activity
Authors: Ravula Sampath , Bobbala Ramana Reddy , Kolli Balakrishna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of novel isoxazole functionalized pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine derivatives 5a‐n were prepared, respectively, initiated from 6‐thiophenyl‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐amine 3 through selective N‐propargylation, and these N‐propargylated compounds 4 were cyclized with aryloximes by using of sodium hypochlorite, and obtained the title products 5a‐n. All the final products 5a‐n were submitted for anticancer activity against four cancer cell lines such as “HeLa—cervical cancer (CCL‐2); COLO 205—colon cancer (CCL‐222); HepG2—liver cancer (HB‐8065); MCF7—breast cancer (HTB‐22)”; Compounds 5c, 5d, and 5h are found to have more prominent anticancer activity at micro molar concentration.
Chiral benzimidazole derived bis‐phenyl triazoles as chiroptical sensors for iodide and chiral amines
Authors: John Marina E. , Karnik Anil V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of chiral 2‐hydroxy ethyl/benzyl benzimidazole based aryl triazole tweezers have been prepared using click chemistry in high yields. Chiral pool strategy has been used to obtain the benzimidazole‐based tweezers in very high enantiomerically enriched form. The aryl triazole tweezers, S‐(−)‐5a and S‐(+)‐8a displayed a high degree of selectivity for iodide anion over other anions, including other halides. The aryl triazole tweezers, S‐(−)‐5a and S‐(+)‐8a display significant enantio‐discrimination for chiral amines. The chiral recognition studies were carried out using UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. NMR analysis has been used for establishing the sites for ligation of the iodide anion.
Convenient synthesis of functionalized thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐ones and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐4‐ones bearing a pyridine moiety with anticipated antioxidant activity
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed , Fouda Abd El‐Aziz S. , Shaaban Ibrahim E. I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, ethyl 2‐amino‐4‐methyl‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐ylcarbamoyl)thiophene‐3‐carboxylate(2) has been achieved using the Gewald's methodology and served as a synthon for the synthesis of various derivatives of thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐one and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine‐4‐one bearing a pyridine moiety via its reactions with the convenient chemical reagents. The antioxidant performance has been tested using the ABTS method and the results disclosed that thienopyrimidinone 5 and thienopyridinones 18 and 19 have the most potent antioxidant efficiency with inhibition percentage at 84.41%, 80.95%, and 76.93%, respectively, compared with ascorbic acid as a reference drug.
Trophoblast-secreted soluble-PD-L1 modulates macrophage polarization and function
Authors: Zhang Yong-Hong , Aldo Paulomi , You Yuan , Ding Jiahui , Kaislasuo Janina , Petersen Jesper F , Lokkegaard Ellen , Peng Gang , Paidas Michael J , Simpson Samantha , Pal Lubna , Guller Seth , Liu Hong , Liao Ai Hua , Mor Gil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Decidual macrophages are in close contact with trophoblast cells during placenta development, and an appropriate crosstalk between these cellular compartments is crucial for the establishment and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. During different phases of gestation, macrophages undergo dynamic changes to adjust to the different stages of fetal development. Trophoblast-secreted factors are considered the main modulators responsible for macrophage differentiation and function. However, the phenotype of these macrophages induced by trophoblast-secreted factors and the factors responsible for their polarization has not been elucidated. In this study, we characterized the phenotype and function of human trophoblast-induced macrophages. Using in vitro models, we found that human trophoblast-educated macrophages were CD14+CD206+CD86− and presented an unusual transcriptional profile in response to TLR4/LPS activation characterized by the expression of type I IFN-β expression. IFN-β further enhances the constitutive production of soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) from trophoblast cells. PD-1 blockage inhibited trophoblast-induced macrophage differentiation. Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) was detected in the blood of pregnant women and increased throughout the gestation. Collectively, our data suggest the existence of a regulatory circuit at the maternal fetal interface wherein IFN-β promotes sPD-L1 expression/secretion by trophoblast cells, which can then initiate a PD-L1/PD-1-mediated macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype, consequently decreasing inflammation. Macrophages then maintain the expression of sPD-L1 by the trophoblasts through IFN-β production induced through TLR4 ligation.
PB1-F2 protein of highly pathogenic influenza A (H7N9) virus selectively suppresses RNA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of MAVS-NLRP3 interaction
Authors: Cheung Pak-Hin Hinson , Ye Zi-Wei , Lee Tak-Wang Terence , Chen Honglin , Chan Chi-Ping , Jin Dong-Yan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Infection with seasonal as well as highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As a major virulence factor, PB1-F2 protein of IAV affects the severity of disease through multiple mechanisms including perturbation of host innate immune response. Macrophages are known to phagocytose extracellular PB1-F2 protein aggregate, leading to hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome and excessive production of IL-1β and IL-18. On the other hand, when expressed intracellularly PB1-F2 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome maturation. How extracellular and intracellular PB1-F2 orchestrates to drive viral pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion by PB1-F2 of highly pathogenic influenza A (H7N9) virus in infected human monocyte-derived macrophages. Mechanistically, H7N9 PB1-F2 selectively mitigated RNA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the interaction between NLRP3 and MAVS. Intracellular PB1-F2 of H7N9 virus did not affect extracellular PB1-F2-induced NLRP3 inflammasome maturation. In contrast, PB1-F2 of WSN laboratory strain of human IAV effectively suppressed IL-1β processing and secretion induced by various stimuli including NLRP3, AIM2, and pro-IL-1β. This subtype-specific effect of PB1-F2 on inflammasome activation correlates with the induction of a proinflammatory cytokine storm by H7N9 but not WSN virus. Our findings on selective suppression of MAVS-dependent activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by H7N9 PB1-F2 have implications in viral pathogenesis and antiviral development.
Frontline Science: Kindlin-3 is essential for patrolling and phagocytosis functions of nonclassical monocytes during metastatic cancer surveillance
Authors: Marcovecchio Paola M. , Zhu Yanfang Peipei , Hanna Richard N. , Dinh Huy Q. , Tacke Robert , Wu Runpei , McArdle Sara , Reynolds Sophia , Araujo Daniel J. , Ley Klaus , Hedrick Catherine C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nonclassical monocytes maintain vascular homeostasis by patrolling the vascular endothelium, responding to inflammatory signals, and scavenging cellular debris. Nonclassical monocytes also prevent metastatic tumor cells from seeding new tissues, but whether the patrolling function of nonclassical monocytes is required for this process is unknown. To answer this question, we utilized an inducible-knockout mouse that exhibits loss of the integrin-adaptor protein Kindlin-3 specifically in nonclassical monocytes. We show that Kindlin-3-deficient nonclassical monocytes are unable to patrol the vascular endothelium in either the lungs or periphery. We also find that Kindlin-3-deficient nonclassical monocytes cannot firmly adhere to, and instead “slip” along, the vascular endothelium. Loss of patrolling activity by nonclassical monocytes was phenocopied by ablation of LFA-1, an integrin-binding partner of Kindlin-3. When B16F10 murine melanoma tumor cells were introduced into Kindlin-3-deficient mice, nonclassical monocytes showed defective patrolling towards tumor cells and failure to ingest tumor particles in vivo. Consequently, we observed a significant, 4-fold increase in lung tumor metastases in mice possessing Kindlin-3-deficient nonclassical monocytes. Thus, we conclude that the patrolling function of nonclassical monocytes is mediated by Kindlin-3 and essential for these cells to maintain vascular endothelial homeostasis and prevent tumor metastasis to the lung.
Evaluation of Cardiac Shunts With 4D Flow Cardiac Magnetic Resonance: Intra‐ and Interobserver Variability
Authors: Urmeneta Ulloa Javier , Álvarez Vázquez Ana , Martínez de Vega Vicente , Cabrera José Ángel 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIn the last decade, the capacity of magnetic resonance (MR) to evaluate congenital anomalies has improved substantially. To date, only a few studies have evaluated the value of 4D‐flow MRI in shunt assessments.Purpose/HypothesisTo assess the intra‐ and interobserver variability of 4D‐flow MRI in patients diagnosed with cardiac/extracardiac shunt. Secondarily, to assess the feasibility of directly measuring the shunt and to determine the prognostic correlation with the pulmonary‐to‐systemic (Qp/Qs) flow ratio.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 18 patients with cardiac shunt diagnosis.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T/4D phase‐contrast MRI.AssessmentPulmonary and systemic flows were measured at different locations to assess the internal consistency by two observers (twice by one, and once by the other). The Qp/Qs ratio was calculated. When feasible, direct flow was quantified by planimetry.Statistical TestsSpearman's rho correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between pulmonary/systemic flows measured at different levels and to compare the jet characteristics with prognostic data as right ventricle volume. Intra‐ and interobserver variability were determined by Bland–Altman plots and interobserver correlation.ResultsThe most common shunt type (n = 10; 55.5%) was ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Direct visualization and quantification of shunt flow was possible in all studies. Pulmonary and systemic flows showed a strong correlation between these measures (Spearman's rho [r] of 0.872 and 0.899). The mean Qp/Qs ratio was 1.61(0.62). Mean flow rate was 2.01(1.68) l/min. The mean jet diameter was 11.88 (5.44) mm. Intraobserver (r = 0.97) and interobserver correlation (ICC = 0.95) for the Qp/Qs calculation were both excellent. Direct measurement of flow was strongly correlated (r = 0.98; ICC = 0.95). Correlation was strong between Qp/Qs and direct jet flow (r = 0.76 and 0.77), Qp/Qs and mean jet diameter (r = 0.79 and 0.94), and Qp/Qs with jet area (r = 0.77 and 0.94).Data ConclusionMeasurement of the Qp/Qs ratio and direct shunt quantification using 4D‐flow MRI was feasible, and highly reproducible. Internal consistency was excellent, with low intra‐ and interobserver variability. Correlation between the Qp/Qs ratio, direct flow measurement, mean diameter, and jet area was strong.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1055–1063.
Future evolution of the hydroclimatic conditions favouring floods in the south‐east of Belgium by 2100 using a regional climate model
Authors: Wyard Coraline , Scholzen Chloé , Doutreloup Sébastien , Hallot Éric , Fettweis Xavier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Belgium, most flood events occur in winter as a result of intense precipitation events but also through the abrupt melting of the snowpack that covers the Ardennes summits. These conditions favourable to floods exhibit a decreasing trend over 1959–2010 resulting from the reduction in snow accumulation, although extreme precipitation events show a positive, albeit non‐significant signal. In this study, the evolution of these trends in warmer climates is investigated by using future projections performed with the regional climate model MAR (‘Modèle Atmosphérique Régional’) forced by two global models NorESM1‐M and MIROC5 under the RCP8.5 scenario. These models were selected from the CMIP5 archive after evaluation of their ability to represent the current (1976–2005) mean climate over Europe. By the end of the century, the results show an acceleration of the snow depletion resulting in fewer snowmelt‐associated flood risk days depending on the warming rate from the global models forcing MAR. Regarding the impact of the evolution of extreme precipitation events on hydroclimatic conditions favouring floods, no significant change was found although these trends are subject to uncertainties due to model physics and natural variability.
Assessment of South America summer rainfall climatology and trends in a set of global climate models large ensembles
Authors: Díaz Leandro B. , Saurral Ramiro I. , Vera Carolina S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the ability of a set of large ensembles (LE) of Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations from the Multi‐Model Large Ensemble Archive, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change in reproducing the variability and change of the austral summer precipitation observed in South America along the second part of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st. LE show similar biases in the mean austral summer rainfall and interannual variability than those detected in previous model sets, such as the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The positive trends in south‐eastern South America (SESA) and negative ones in the southern Andes (SAn), that are the most significant observed regional features, are identified to some extent in LE simulations. The negative trend in SAn is a feature consistently shown among different models. For all models, mean trend is negative in that particular region and larger than the inter‐member dispersion for each large ensemble. Trend magnitudes in the SESA region show a larger dispersion between models than the SAn region. While the mean trend among models is consistent with the observations, models underestimate the observed trend. The multi‐model ensemble of selected models that best reproduce both mean and interannual variability features of rainfall in South America shows an 18% larger positive mean trend in SESA rainfall than those that have the worst performance. However, internal variability uncertainty is still higher than the mean trend for both sets of multi‐model ensembles [5% (18%) for selected (non‐selected) models]. Improvements in the representation of the main features of mean rainfall and variability are needed in order to better describe and reduce the uncertainties associated with the main climate change related signals in the continent.
Interleukin‐10 and Zonulin Are Associated With Postoperative Delayed Gastric Emptying in Critically Ill Surgical Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study
Authors: Martinez Enid E. , Zurakowski David , Pereira Luis , Freire Rachel , Emans John B. , Nurko Samuel , Duggan Christopher P. , Fasano Alessio , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpaired gastric emptying (GE) is associated with morbidity in surgical critically ill children. The relationship between inflammation, gut barrier integrity (lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP]; zonulin), and GE has not been described in this cohort.MethodsChildren ≥2 years of age and requiring critical care after surgery were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative levels of serum cytokines, LBP, and zonulin, and GE by the acetaminophen absorption test, were measured, allowing patients to serve as their own controls. Postoperative delayed GE was defined as a decrease in GE by ≥20% compared with preoperative GE. The following were examined : comparison between postoperative andpreoperative values, correlations between fold change (postoperative/preoperative) in study variables, and fold change in study variables between patients with and without postoperative delayed GE.ResultsTwenty patients, median age 14 years (12.25, 18), 12 female, were included. Eight of 20 patients had postoperative delayed GE. Postoperative interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, and LBP were increased, and zonulin was decreased (P‐values < .05). Fold change in IL‐10 and zonulin were inversely correlated (ρ −0.618,P= .004). Patients with postoperative delayed GE had greater fold increase in IL‐10 (P= .0159) and fold decrease in zonulin (P= .0160). Five of 7 (71%) patients with both fold increase in IL‐10 and decrease in zonulin had delayed GE.ConclusionPostoperative changes in IL‐10 and zonulin were associated with delayed GE in surgical critically ill children, which might suggest a mechanism to for delayed GE in postoperative inflammation and gut barrier dysregulation after surgery.
Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: A Bridge to Healing and Biological Therapy in a Patient With Enterocutaneous Fistula and Sepsis Complicated Crohn's Disease
Authors: Kucharski Marcin A. , Wierzbicka Adrianna , Tsibulski Alexander , Sotiri Emianka , Dobrowolska Agnieszka , Mańkowska‐Wierzbicka Dorota 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with severe infections, abscess, or sepsis are ineligible for standard treatment using biological and immunosuppressive drug regimens. We report a case of complicated Crohn's disease with ruptured abdominal abscess, presence of enterocutaneous fistula, and sepsis. We also report and discuss patient management with parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) and treatment outcomes. We report a case of a 31‐year‐old female with a 10‐year history of IBD in clinical remission, who, after previous total proctocolectomy with J‐pouch, presented to the clinic with severe abdominal pain of 2 days, unintentional weight loss, fatigue, fever, and abdominal abscess, which ruptured, and her clinical state became complicated by sepsis. PN was initiated using individually prepared admixture according to patient requirements, because of inability to tolerate any oral intake. Following the remittance of ileus symptoms, EN was added using a semielemental formula via a nasojejunal tube. Upon completion of the treatment, the fistula resolved, the wound had healed, and Crohn's Disease Activity Index score showed remission. This qualified the patient for initiation of biological therapy with infliximab. Patients with severe infections, abscesses, or sepsis are ineligible for standard IBD treatment using biological and immunosuppressive drug regimens. Furthermore, usually patients’ nutrition condition prevents them from combating infection and initiating proper healing process. This case demonstrates the importance of considering nutrition therapy—PN and EN—in unstable patients who cannot be treated with standard pharmacological therapy. Nutrition therapy offers a bridge that allows patients to stabilize and heal before starting standard pharmacological treatment with immunosuppressive agents or biological therapy.