bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of six sigma - supported expert system in construction projects
Authors: Salih Mohammed A M , Mahmoud Awss H , Khalaf Batool A 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCertain methods and techniques are usually applied in the construction industry to ensure a level of quality necessary to make a project proportionally capable of meeting the terms and requirements set in its contract. The research was conducted on Al-Rumaitha residential project where lack of quality was detected in a number of concrete samples. Actually low-quality samples picked up indicated that low-quality concrete was casted onto the third-story roofs of buildings A25 and A26 and second-story roofs buildings A27 – A 33. The same holds true to the samples taken from the upper roofs of the buildings A15, A16 and A19. This is a research that aims at improving the quality of the concrete used in construction projects while reducing, to the extent possible, any deviations from the quality targeted. To achieve that goal, the process capability was checked via the application of the components of the Six Sigma approach, namely: the define measure, analyze, improve, control (DMAIC). Additionally, dispersions, whenever found, were also taken into considerations with the aim being to improve each stage of the project separately. Moreover, an expert-system program was devised to facilitate the application of first, second and third elements of the (DMAIC) (i.e. the definition, measurement and analysis) while leaving the fourth element (improvement) to suggestions on what changes to be made to enhance the quality to the targeted level. Finally, accomplishing the fifth element (control) was to be done by reviewing and controlling the improvements attained through the preceding stages so as to maintain the level of Sigma accomplished. Besides its ability to achieve accurate results necessary to reach the targeted quality level, the application of the Six Sigma approach also enriches the overall process since the data collected by the tests would be part of the database to be used to feed the expert-system program, hence improving the quality of the project. As a conclusion, the research shows that applying the Six Sigma index to construction projects helps in improving the quality of the concrete consistently while maintaining the costs within specific ranges. This makes Six Sigma an appropriate approach to be adopted whenever improving the quality desired would not affect the costs, which is contrary to raising the quality of the concrete to the highest level possible, where Six Sigma appears to be inappropriate and where CPk index proves to be the best suitable alternative.
Calculating the Vertical Displacement using the Method of Least Squares Adjustment and 3D Objects Fitting
Authors: Abdulateef Nagham A. , Khalaf Yousif H. , Al-Bakri M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this research, the Iraqi flagpole in Baghdad University, which is the longest flagpole in Baghdad, with a height of 75m, was monitored. According to the importance of this structure, the calculation of the displacement (vertical deviation) in the structure monitored using the Total Station device, where several observation were taken at different times for a period of two years the monitoring started from November 2016 until May 2017, at a rate four observations for one year. And the observation processed using the least square method, and the fitting of circles, then the data was processed and the deviation was calculated using Matlab program with calculating the values of corrections, where the mathematical laws have been programmed in a format that suits the program, observation have been entered and correction were made on them, calculating corrected values and the amount of error between the observed and calculated values. The deviation was between (0.720 to 0.759)m during the observation period. The Auto CAD program and the 3D MAX program used to product the two-dimensional (2D) and (3D) Models of the structure.
Effect of Palm Fibers on Asphalt Pavement Properties
Authors: Aljubory Ahmed , Abbas Alaa Saadi , Bdan A F 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe continuous population growth around the world associated with industries development results in considerable amounts of waste materials. Therefore, a series concern has arisen to find environmentally safe treatment for these wastes. This research aims to study the possibility of using palm fibers locally available as waste materials in asphalt pavement industry. In particular, this work investigates the volumetric properties and tensile strength of asphalt mixtures manufactured with palm fibers. Asphalt mixtures were prepared with five contents of palms fibers (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) % by weight of aggregate passing sieve No. 4 to compare their properties with that of traditional mixtures. Marshall and indirect tensile strength (ITS) test methods were conducted to evaluate the volumetric and mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. It can be concluded that adding this type of fiber to asphalt mixtures is possible. It was found that adding different contents of palm fiber has generally increased the density, voids filled with asphalt, and tensile strength and decreased the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) of asphalt mixtures. However, no inflection points can be noticed on the curves of these properties. That might suggest investigating more palm fiber contents to find its optimum.
Optimization of Eco-friendly Pavement Concrete Mixture Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Jasim Z. , Banyhussan Qais Sahib 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The premature deterioration of pavement concrete structures under loading has led to the development of high-performance concrete. It is required that pavement concrete must have high strength properties because it is subjected to destructive traffic loads. The main purpose of the present study is to design optimum Eco-friendly concrete mixtures containing different amount of silica fume used in rigid pavement matching Iraqi requirements by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experiments were designed using a thirty mixtures with four factors, namely, the cement content 300,350 and 400 kg/m3, water/cementitious ratio of 0.3, 0.40 and 0.5, three different amount of fine/course ratios0.3,0.4 and 0.5, and 0, 5, and 10% Silica fume by weight of cement. The results stated that, cement amount and silica fume ratios are the higher factors affecting the mechanical properties followed by fine-to-course aggregate and water-to-cementisous ratio. Furthermore, good correlation between the adopted variables and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength) was found through statistical models, where the correlation coefficients R2 for all models were greater than 0.95. finally, the optimal components to design concrete mixtures used in pavement that having compressive strength of (>30 Mpa) and flexural strength of (> 4.1 Mpa) where found to be: cement 365 kg/m3, silica fume 3.9%, F/C ratio of 0.3, and W/C ratio of 0.5.
Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using Correlation Matrix in Humaydat-Region, Mosul, Iraq
Authors: Rahman Eman A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe current study deals with analyzing samples of 29 groundwater samples collected from 29 wells which are used in the Humaydat-Mosul region for irrigation, home use, and sometimes for drinking purposes. Standard water tests were carried out over the course of a year, all of which were in use. The tests included HCO3−, CL−, Mg+2, Na+, NO3−, Ca+2, SO4−2, TDS, EC and the well depth with the symbol D and conducting statistical analysis method (Main Components) for the tests. The correlation matrix showed that the significant levels between the components of the study, as a result, the TDS, EC and SO4−2distinct roots are known for the regression equation that will connect the distinctive roots with the other components. Thus these water wells are not valid for human and domestic use and were outside the permissible limits and the viability of those wells water for agricultural use after treatment on water
Using The Glass and Rubber waste as Sustainable Materials to Prepare Foamed Concrete with Improved Properties
Authors: Hameed Awham M. , Hamada Ruqaya F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Building materials and technologies in the world have evolved in line with the new requirements for sustainable construction, which have spread throughout the world to reduce damage to the environment and reduce energy consumption, and rely on renewable energy sources to ensure the rights of future generations of environmental resources. This paper aims at identifying the possibility of using recycled materials such as glass powder (windows glass) and rubber wastes (gloves) to produce the foamed concrete as a substitute filler for cement. The samples of foamed were prepared by using two different percentages of foam agent (FA). The use of gloves rubber waste (GV) and glass powder (GP) in this study could enhance the strength by filling the voids in foam concrete. The amount of rubber waste and glass powder used as additive in foam concrete are 1, 3, 5 wt. % of rubber waste and 1, 0.7 wt. % of glass powder. The mix design was set to achieve a target density of 1600kg/m3. The results showed that the optimum compressive strength value is 10.26MPa of water cured sample at 0.8wt. %FA and 0.7wt.%GP but it is 9.26MPa of air cured sample at 1wt.%FA and 0.7wt.%GP. Flexural strength values were 3.79MPa, 3.87MPa of water and air cured samples at 0.8%FA and 0.7%GP while the splitting tensile strength was increased to 1.71MPa, 1.52MPa in both curing methods for the same percentages. The bulk density was decreased with increasing of glass powder and foam agent content. It is found that the best thermal conductivity value is 0.4096(W/m.°c) to achieve appropriate insulation property of the sample contained 1wt. % of each FA and GP. All of the studied properties were increased after adding 1wt. % of gloves rubber waste (GV).
Improving the adhesive strength of coatings from multicomponent materials with thermoelastic phase transformations by external high-energy influences at various processing stages
Authors: Blednova Zh M , Kurapov G V , Yu O Balaev E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the influence of external high-energy ultrasonic and electropulse influences on the adhesive strength of a coating from the material with thermoelastic phase transformations (TEPT) at various processing stages: preparing the base; preparing the sprayed material at the finishing stage after coating. It has been shown that as a result of complex high-energy influences at the processing finishing stage, one observes a distinct fusion of the coating from the material with TEPT (Ni-33%, Ti-49%, Zr -49%) with a base and the absence of the interface, confirmed by electron microscopic studies. The fusion zone is 10-20 μm with the coating thickness of 1 mm; there are practically no coating elements in the base material at the depth of 20 μm. The experimental studies have confirmed an increase in adhesive strength by 1.2-1.5 times up to 130-150 MPa.
Interaction of components features of the reaction mixture ZO2(m)-Al-C systems when heated
Authors: Dzhelialov S I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
By the complex analysis basis of the interaction theory of the reaction mixture components ZrO2(m)-Al-C when heated to temperatures of 1650-1775°C and experimental data (DTA, x-ray d iffraction analysis), the nature of the formation of final synthesis products is studied. The probability of multistage interaction of components in the heating process with the formation of aluminum oxide Al2O3 and zircon iu m carbide ZrC as final components, which is accompanied by an intermediate stage of formation of i nter m etallid e based on Al and Zr, is noted. The results obtained indicate that it is advisable to further study the laws of phase and structure formation of materials in the considered system in order to obtain high-density functional ceramics of the oxide-carbide type.
Operational properties of drill pipes made of coated aluminum alloy 2024
Authors: Shvetsov O V , Kondrat’ev S Y , Yakhimovich V A , Kurakin M K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The main aim of this article is to provide for the comprehensive study that has been carried out. We tested the performance characteristics of coated aluminum alloy 2024 under conditions simulating the operation of drill pipes in the oil industry. In the course of our study we experimentally determined electrochemical potential and corrosion rate of the coated aluminum alloy 2024. Moreover, a comparative analysis of adhesion and wear resistance of coatings during the use of the alloy has been carried out. The authors have also studied structures of various coatings and the nature of damage to aluminum alloy drill pipes under operation.
Polymeric nanomaterialsbased on iron (III) tris-acetylacetonate: synthesis, structure and properties
Authors: Shapkin N P , Khalchenko I G , Papynov E K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The formation of iron (III) polychelates under different conditions has been investigated: at mechanochemical activation of iron (III) tris-acety lacetonate with subsequent condensation in boiling toluene (method 1) and through chelate heating in air at 100, 150, and 200°C (method 2).The obtained compounds have been studied by the methods of gel permeation chromatography, diffractometry and infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and gamma resonance spectroscopy.Based on the obtained data, the maximal particle size has been calculated. The fractal structure of spherical particles was presented.
Etidronic acid adduct and bis (2-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-3) butane: properties and effect on pain sensitivity
Authors: Cheretaev I V , Yu Ravaeva M , Chuyan E N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of etidrononic acid adduct and bis(2-pyridyl-1,2,4-triazolyl-3)butane (EA+BTB) on the pain sensitivity of male and female rats. This substance is created on the precursors basis, which have a pronounced analgesic activity in acute pain when injected once into male and female rats. Experiments were performed on 30 male and 30 female adult Wistar rats weighing 200-220 gr. Pain sensitivity of animals was assessed 1 hour after a single intraperitoneal injection of the studied solution substances by acute pain tests (“tail-flick” test, Randall-Sellitto test, “hot plate” test). It was found out that EA+BTB, when injected once in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg, significantly changes the pain sensitivity of male and female rats in acute pain tests, showing gender specificity of the analgesic effect with the participation of various pain mechanisms (spinal and supraspinal) and nociception components (perceptual and mechanical). The compound EA+BTB is recommended for further in-depth preclinical tests of its analgesic activity, decoding its physiological and molecular mechanisms in order to create an improved prototype of a new generation drug based on EA+BTB.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of chromium doped cobalt ferrite nanotubes
Authors: Li Zengpeng , Dai Jianfeng , Cheng Chen , Suo Zhongqiang , qing Wang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Chromium (Cr) doped cobalt ferrite (Co1−xCrxFe2O4:x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, denoted as to CCFO) hollow nanotubes were synthesized by electrospinnig method followed by, calcining treatment at 700 °C in air. The samples exhibited a single phase cubic spinel phase. The lattice constant of the samples was found to initially decreased and thereafter increases with increased of Cr content. The morphology analysis indicated that the samples displayed a disordered arrangements of hollow structures and the relevant surfaces were rough and porous. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) paragraph confirmed that the doped CCFO nanotubes had a polycrystalline nature and exhibited the changes in the corresponding crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that Cr doping affect the crystal structure and atomic-binding energy. The analysis of magnetic hysteresis loop indicated an obvious reduction in the saturation magnetization (Ms) of cobalt ferrite with increasing in Cr substitution. The remanent magnetization (Mr) and coercivity were increased at first and then decreased with increasing of Cr content, which was elucidated by the surface effect and magnetic moment direction. The switching field distribution analysis indicated the magnetically crystal soft phase and there were multiple-step processes to reach magnetic reversal.
Synthesis and characterization of starch ether/alginate hydrogels with reversible and tunable thermoresponsive properties
Authors: Dai Mingyun , Shang Yue , Li Miao , Ju Benzhi , Liu Ying , Tian Ye 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A thermoresponsive hydrogel that was composed of 2-hydroxy-3-isopropoxypropyl starch (HIPS) and alginate was synthesized via cross-linking with hybrid crosslinkers including ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were used to confirm that cross-linking occurred. The porous architecture of the HIPS/SA composite hydrogels was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Composite hydrogels had a tunable volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) that was in the range from 29.4 to 40.2 °C and resulted from changes in the compositions (HIPS concentration from 5.5 to 7.5 wt%). It was also found that the presence of NaCl (0 to 20 g l−1) or organic solvents (alcohols, 0 to 50 g l−1) in aqueous medium changed the VPTT of the composite hydrogels; also, the VPTT decreased as the concentration of NaCl or organic solvents increased. Additionally, alcohols that have long carbon chains (isopropanol > ethanol > methanol) exhibited a more significant effect on the VPTT of hydrogel. The hydrogel could shed and absorb most of the water in a very short time and demonstrate a stable reversible swelling-deswelling property after 5 swelling-deswelling cycles.
A comparison between plausible models in layered turbid media with geometrical variations applying a Bayesian selection criterion
Authors: Vera Demián A , Baez Guido R , García Héctor A , Iriarte Daniela I , Pomarico Juan A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
One possible application of Near Infrared techniques is to analyze human brain metabolic activity. Currently used models take into account the layered structure of the human head but, usually, they do not consider the non-planar surface of some of the boundaries, i.e. gray matter, which results in a much more complex structure, thus leading to more sophisticated models and longer calculation times. The main objective of this work is to determine if it is worth to replace a planar layered structure by a non-planar one. To this end we implement a Bayesian-based quantitative methodology for choosing between two competitive models describing light propagation in layered turbid media. Experiments of time-resolved diffuse reflectance measurements are performed in layered phantoms and complemented with numerical calculations. The resulting Distributions of Time of Flight of both models are compared using Bayesian model selection analysis. The non-planar interface was introduced in the simulations by a simple surface parametrization. Results suggest that, under certain conditions, a multilayer model with planar boundaries is good enough.
Low cycles pulsed chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline anatase TiO2
Authors: Humphreys Morgan , Corti Giancarlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, an atomic layer deposition (ALD) system is used to identify deposition conditions resulting in anisotropic growth and the formation of highly defined polycrystalline anatase titanium dioxide. FESEM, Raman Spectroscopy, and XRD were extensively used to characterize the deposited titania. The ALD parameter refinement resulted in the attainment of a polycrystalline anatase phase titania in as low as 30 cycles, although the final parameter resulted in a pulsed-chemical vapor deposition (pulsed-CVD). This work suggests that the anatase crystal phase’s development is more dependent on deposition process parameters such as precursor pulse, waiting time, and vacuum times than on the number of cycles. Moreover, the developed pulsed-CVD procedure to deposit anatase titania was capable of coating rough aluminum and titanium substrates with polycrystalline anatase titania, highly increasing the potential to be used in other biomedical implants made of different metals such as stainless steel or in other applications such as dielectrics
Rapid exploration of the epitope coverage produced by an Ebola survivor to guide the discovery of therapeutic antibody cocktails
Authors: Yuan Tom Z , Lujan Hernandez Ana G , Keane Erica , Liu Qiang , Axelrod Fumiko , Kailasan Shweta , Noonan-Shueh Madeleine , Aman Mohammad Javad , Sato Aaron K , Abdiche Yasmina N 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Development of successful neutralizing antibodies is dependent upon broad epitope coverage to increase the likelihood of achieving therapeutic function. Recent advances in synthetic biology have allowed us to conduct an epitope binning study on a large panel of antibodies identified to bind to Ebola virus glycoprotein with only published sequences.

Methods and Results
A rapid, first-pass epitope binning experiment revealed seven distinct epitope families that overlapped with known structural epitopes from the literature. A focused set of antibodies was selected from representative clones per bin to guide a second-pass binning that revealed previously unassigned epitopes, confirmed epitopes known to be associated with neutralizing antibodies, and demonstrated asymmetric blocking of EBOV GP from allosteric effectors reported from literature.

Conclusions
Critically, this workflow allows us to probe the epitope landscape of EBOV GP without any prior structural knowledge of the antigen or structural benchmark clones. Incorporating epitope binning on hundreds of antibodies during early stage antibody characterization ensures access to a library’s full epitope coverage, aids in the identification of high quality reagents within the library that recapitulate this diversity for use in other studies, and ultimately enables the rational development of therapeutic cocktails that take advantage of multiple mechanisms of action such as cooperative synergistic effects to enhance neutralization function and minimize the risk of mutagenic escape. The use of high-throughput epitope binning during new outbreaks such as the current COVID-19 pandemic is particularly useful in accelerating timelines due to the large amount of information gained in a single experiment.