bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Preoperative Radiographic Severity of Osteoarthritis and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Lange Jeffrey K. , Yang Heidi Y. , Collins Jamie E. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
The goal of this study was to investigate the association between preoperative radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and patient-reported outcomes following total knee replacement.

Methods:
We used data from a prospective cohort study of individuals who underwent total knee replacement at a high-volume medical center. Patient-reported outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) activities of daily living (ADL) subscore, assessed preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. We measured preoperative radiographic OA severity using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) Atlas score, dichotomized at the median. We assessed the association between radiographic OA severity and postoperative patient-reported outcomes in bivariate analyses and in multivariable linear regression, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidity score.

Results:
The analytic cohort included 240 patients with a mean age at surgery of 66.6 years (standard deviation, 8 years); 61% were female. The median total OARSI radiographic severity score was 10 (range, 3 to 17). The cohort improved substantially at 2 years following total knee replacement, with WOMAC pain and KOOS ADL score improvements on the order of 30 points. We did not observe significant or clinically important differences in pain relief or functional improvement between patients with milder and more severe radiographic OA. Sensitivity analyses using other radiographic assessment measures yielded similar findings.

Conclusions:
Total knee replacement offers substantial symptomatic relief and functional improvement regardless of preoperative radiographic OA severity.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Evolved adaptation to low ultraviolet radiation may be the main cause of malignant melanoma independent of high ultraviolet radiation levels
Authors: You Wenpeng , Henneberg Renata Jolanta , Coventry Brendon , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The low melanin production (depigmentation) evolved in response to low ultraviolet radiation may be the principal determinant of malignant melanoma of skin (C43). Methods: Worldwide country-speciﬁc estimates of melanoma incidence, daily UVR levels, skin colour (EEL), socioeconomic status (GDP PPP), magnitude of reduced natural selection (Ibs), ageing, urbanization, percentage of European descendants (Eu%), and depigmentation measured by blonde hair colour, were subjected to statistical analyses. Data for 182 individual countries were derived from WHO, United Nations, World Bank databases and the literature. Parametric and non-parametric correlations, partial correlation analyses keeping confounders statistically constant, multivariate regressions and analyses of variance were used. Results: Worldwide, UVR levels were in negative correlation with melanoma (C43) incidence (“rho” = -0.515, p<0.001). This relationship remained significant and negative in parametric partial correlation (r = -0.513, p<0.001) when GDP PPP, Ibs, ageing and urbanization were statistically kept constant. In stepwise linear regression analysis, UVR was the variable having greatest negative influence on melanoma incidence (R2=0.301). Melanoma incidence was in strong correlation with Eu% (r = 0.711, p<0.001). The negative relationship between melanoma and UVR levels (r = -0.498, r<0.001) and positive relationship of melanoma with Eu% (r = 0.477, p<0.001) remained significant in partial correlation analyses.When melanoma incidence rate was standardised on Eu% it did not correlate at all with UVR (“rho”=0.004, p=0.967, n=127). The country-specific depigmentation level strongly correlated with melanoma incidence (r = 0.705, p<0.001, n= 48) remaining significant in partial correlation (r=0.315, p<0.01). However, UVR showed nil no correlation with melanoma when depigmentation, together with the other four potential confounders was included as the controlled variable. Conclusions: Low melanin production, genetically determined, that has adaptively evolved over generations represents the principal risk factor for melanoma, while UVR has a secondary role.
Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies
Authors: Gorjão Leonardo , Jumar Richard , Maass Heiko , Hagenmeyer Veit , Yalcin G. Cigdem , Kruse Johannes , Timme Marc , Beck Christian , Witthaut Dirk , Schäfer Benjamin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community.
Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances.
However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly.
Here, we analyse an open data base of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents.
The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences.
We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law.
Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour.
Overall, the presented open data base and analyses may constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.
Cutaneous Anthrax Outbreak Associated with Handling Dead Animals, Rhino Camp Sub-county: Arua District, Uganda, January-May 2018
Authors: Ntono Vivian , Eurien Daniel , Bulage Lilian , Kadobera Daniel , Harris Julie , Ario Alex Riolexus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOn the 9 February 2018, Arua District notified Uganda Ministry of Health of a confirmed anthrax outbreak among humans in Rhino Camp sub-county. Many persons fell ill after reported contact with livestock that died suddenly. We investigated to determine the scope, mode of transmission and exposures associated with identified anthrax, to guide control and prevention measures.MethodsWe defined a suspected cutaneous anthrax case as onset of skin lesions (e.g., papule, vesicle, or eschar) in a person residing in Rhino Camp sub-county, Arua District from 25 December, 2017 to 31 May, 2018. A confirmed case was a suspected case with PCR-positivity for Bacillus anthracis from a clinical sample. We identified cases by reviewing medical records at Rhino Camp Health Centre. We also conducted additional case searches in the affected community with support from Community Health Workers. In a retrospective cohort study, we interviewed all members of households in which at least one person had contact with the carcasses of or meat from animals suspected to have died of anthrax. We collected and tested hides of implicated animals using an anthrax rapid diagnostic test.ResultsWe identified 14 case-patients (1 confirmed, 13 suspected); none died. Only males were affected (AR: 12/10,000). Mean age of case-persons was 33 years (SD: 22).The epidemic curve shows that the outbreak lasted for 5 months, from January 2018-May 2018, peaking in February.Skinning(RR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.1–6.7), dissecting (RR = 3.0, 95%CI = 1.2–7.6), and carrying the dead animals (RR = 2.7, 95%CI = 1.1–6.7) were associated with increased risk of illness, as were carrying dissected parts of the animal (RR = 2.9, 95%CI 1.3–6.5) and preparing and cooking the meat (RR = 2.3, 95%CI 2.7–8.1). We found evidence of animal remains on pastureland.ConclusionMultiple exposures to the hides and meat of animals that died suddenly were associated with this cutaneous anthrax outbreak in Arua District. We recommended public education about safe disposal of carcasses of livestock that die suddenly.
Time Course of Psychological Impact for Male: Discovered in COVID-19 Cases
Authors: Liu Weizhi , Liu Nianqi , Yi Bin , Pan Xiao , Shang Zhilei , Tao Xiandong , Bai Yonghai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to widespread emotional distress such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our objective was to investigate the gender differences in PTSD symptoms (PTSS) among COVID-19 symptomatic patients over time caused by delayed medical visit. We investigated 258 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from two designated hospitals in Wuhan from 26 February to 16 March. PTSS was measured by PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Demographics and time interval from symptom onset to the first medical visit were also collected. The results show that 48 of 258 participants (18.6 %) met the criteria of PTSD symptoms. Males had significantly higher PCL-5 scores when time interval was 7 days or more compared with less than 7 days (22.18 vs. 15.11, t=-2.280, P<0.05), whereas no such significant time effect was found in females, regardless of the severity of the disease. The present study emphasizes the significant effect of time course on PTSS only in male. It is suggested that policy makers and health services should pay more attention to PTSD in male, and call on male to seek medical treatment as soon as developing symptoms of coronavirus disease if local medical conditions permitted.
Lessons Learned from a Pandemic: One Medical School’s Response to COVID-19
Authors: Gilbey Peter , Malatskey Lilach , Dickman Nomy , Glikman Daniel , Albeck Amnon , Shinwell Eric S. , Younis Johnny S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted medical education. Social distancing prevented students from gathering in any setting. Teaching became less effective due to lack of staff, cancellation of procedures, transition to telehealth and shortages of personal protective equipment. Medical schools’ responses to previous lockdowns are not well documented. On March 13th 2020, all universities in Israel were closed and a transition to online learning was implemented. All clinical rotations were temporarily suspended. We describe changes to teaching and learning during the pandemic, and the evaluation of these changes.Methods: Several surveys were performed. Selected faculty members were asked to comment on the transition to online learning, and assess which practices could possibly be adopted for future use.Results: Overall satisfaction with online learning was high. High satisfaction was also reported regarding the delivery of online lectures, efficient transition to online teaching, and the maintenance of academic excellence despite the challenges of COVID-19. Twenty-three percent of medical students preferred to continue exclusive online learning in the future. Forty-five percent advocated for blended learning, mainly online. Selected challenges and opportunities are discussed.Conclusions: The rapid transition to online teaching and learning was successful. Lessons learned and recommendations for the future are presented.
Clinical Characteristics of Plastic Bronchitis in Children: A Retrospective Analysis of 43 Cases
Authors: Jing-jing HUANG , Xiao-qing YANG , Zhi-qiang ZHUO , yuan lin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: With an increase in the diagnosis of plastic bronchitis (PB) cases, to enhance paediatricians’ knowledge and add to the few existing studies, we explored the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of PB in children. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 43 children admitted to the Xiamen Children’s Hospital and the Women and Children’s Hospital, affiliated to the Xiamen University from December 2016 to December 2019, were retrospectively analysed.Results: All the children had cough, with 41 of them having associated fever. A peak temperature >40℃ was observed in 25 children. Twenty-six children had shortness of breath, 27 had reduced respiratory sounds on the affected side, and 35 had audible moist rales on the affected side. Lactate dehydrogenase in all children increased to different degrees, and 29 had elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products. Lung imaging showed pulmonary consolidation and atelectasis, mainly in the bilateral lower lung lobes, in all the children. However, 31 had pleural effusion, mainly a small parapneumonic effusion. The infections were mainly caused by adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The casts in all 43 children were sucked or clamped out under bronchoscopy, and 10 were found to have type I PB on pathological examination. All children were treated with anti-infective therapy in addition to bronchoscopic cast removal. Thirty-one children were treated with methylprednisolone, and 16 with gamma globulin. Except for one child who was non-adherent to treatment, all other children showed improvement, or were cured and discharged from the hospital. Follow-up lung imaging at 3 months revealed that the lungs were fully re-expanded in 40 children. Nine children had small airway lesions, two had obliterative bronchiolitis, and one had bronchiectasis. Conclusions: Paediatric PB often occurs secondary to respiratory tract infections and progresses rapidly, with hyperpyrexia, cough, and shortness of breath as the main clinical manifestations. Pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, and pleural effusion are seen on lung imaging, and early bronchoscopy and removal of casts in the trachea and bronchi are effective treatment options.
Temporal Analysis of COVID - 19 Pandemic in India and R0 prediction
Authors: Patil Kshitij , Murali Anirudh , Ganguli Piyali , Nandi Sutanu , Sarkar Ram Rup 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
India now ranks 3rd in the list of countries affected due to the COVID-19 pandemic. With more than 0.7 million confirmed COVID–19 cases and a gradual withdrawal of nation-wide lockdown, it is expected India may see a further surge in the number of cases. So, predicting the expected number of cases is the need of the hour. Most of the existing methodologies work well for the short term but perform poorly when it comes to predicting the long term. Hence, in this study, we propose a novel strategy for the prediction of COVID–19 cases by employing Multiple Aggregation Prediction Algorithm (MAPA) with two different ways of predictions called the Principal and the Exponential Predictions. Exponential Prediction has been performed using MAPA on the number of cases, derived from predicted R0. From the Principal and Exponential prediction, a third prediction called Mean prediction was derived by averaging both. We have validated this strategy using data of the different states of India and show that Principal, Mean, and the Exponential Predictions together capture a range in which the actual number of cases lies. We have used this strategy to forecast the range of COVID-19 cases for 45 days.
Mid-term results of an anterior plating via combined anterior approach for complex acetabular fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Meng Weikun , Ou Yi , Wu Zhaoxiang , Yang Hongchang , Chen Ge , Bi Xin , Gao Liang , Chen Zhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Solely anterior plating via the modified Stoppa approach might yield satisfactory outcomes for selected cases of complex acetabular fractures, however, its indications are not practically clear.

Methods: Patients with complex acetabular fractures treated with solely anterior plating via the modified Stoppa approach with or without a lateral window at our trauma center between January 2013 and December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Fracture type was identified according the newly established three-column classification of acetabular fracture. Perioperative information was recorded, and fracture reduction was evaluated radiographically at 3 days postoperatively. Postoperative hip function was assessed at least 1 year postoperatively.

Results: Twenty patients were included with an average 17 months (range, 13-28) follow-up. According to the three-column classification, 2 cases were classified as type B2.2, 8 cases as type B2.3, 3 cases as type C1, and 7 cases as type C3. The mean time from injury and surgery was 7.0 days (range, 3-13 days), operative time was 2.0 hours (range, 1.4-3.2 hours), and intraoperative blood loss was 320 ml (range, 220-450 ml). Fracture reduction was excellent in 15 cases (75%), good in 3 cases (15%), fair in 1 case (5%), and poor in 1 case (5%). Final hip function was excellent in 13 cases (68%), good in 3 cases (16%), fair in 2 cases (11%), and poor in 1 case (5%). Bony healing was achieved in all cases and few complications were reported including recoverable obturator nerve injuries in 2 patients (10%) and controllable osteoarthritis in 1 patient (5%).

Conclusions: Solely anterior plating via the combined anterior approach achieved satisfactory mid-term outcomes for complex acetabular fractures with posterior column detachments. Based on the newly established three-column classification of complex acetabular fracture, the type B, C1, and C3 fractures are possibly the appropriate indications for such a simplified procedure.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-155-5p and miR-658 in serum as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang ZhiJun , Song XingGuo , Xie Li , Wang KangYu , Tang YouYong , Yu Miao , Feng XiaoDong , song xianrang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Exosomal microRNAs (ExmiRNAs) provided a non-invasive and ideal method for cancer diagnosis. However, few studies identified the role of specific serum ExmiRNAs profiles in early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosis, especially for 0 and I stage. Herein, the present study was designed to validate the novel serum ExmiRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC.
Methods

Serum exosomes were collected from the healthy donors and NSCLC patients by ultracentrifugation, and characterized with qNano, TEM, and western immunoblotting. Exosomal RNAs were subjected to miRNA array for evaluating the expression levels of miRNAs. Partly differently expressed serum exosomal miRNAs were verified by large-scale samples from 312 healthy donors and 318 NSCLC patients.
Results

The expression levels of ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 were significantly down-regulated in NSCLC patients compared to healthy donors (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and they could differentiate NSCLC patients from healthy donors with area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.716 and 0.728, respectively. In addition, combination of ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 could improve the diagnostic capacity with AUC value of 0.781. Moreover, ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 could differentiate early-stage NSCLC patients (0 and I stage) from healthy donors with AUC values of 0.668 and 0.735, respectively, combination could improve the diagnostic capacity with AUC value of 0.759. Specifically, the expression of ExmiR-155-5p was significantly decreased in patients with lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (p = 0.0018 and p = 0.0077, respectively).
Conclusions

Our results identified that serum ExmiR-155-5p and ExmiR-658 were promising diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage NSCLC, and combination of them could improve the diagnostic capacity.
Decompression experiments for sulfur-bearing hydrous rhyolite magma: Redox evolution during magma decompression
Authors: Okumura Satoshi , Ishibashi Hidemi , Itoh Shoichi , Suzumura Akimasa , Furukawa Yoshihiro , Miwa Takahiro , Kagi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We performed decompression experiments on sulfur-bearing hydrous rhyolite magma at a temperature of 800 °C to investigate redox evolution during magma decompression. The magma was continuously decompressed from 100 MPa to 10–50 MPa at rates of 10 and 100 MPa h–1. The evolution of the ferric to total iron ratio (Fe3+/Fetotal) during decompression was investigated using XANES, and redox evolution was determined based on a thermodynamic calculation and measured Fe3+/Fetotal. Before decompression, the sample was buffered from NNO to NNO+1, and the pre-exsolved fluid phase and sulfide crystal coexisted. Sulfide crystals were found in all decompressed samples, and Fe3+/Fetotal showed a slight decrease with decompression. It was confirmed that the sample in a gold capsule was not influenced by the change in redox conditions outside of the capsule for the timescale of the decompression experiments; thus, the decompressed sample reflected the redox evolution in magma during decompression.
Our experiments indicated that magma decompression causes a slight reduction when it includes water and sulfur. This evolution is qualitatively explained by sulfur degassing and fluid-melt redox equilibria. During the fluid-melt redox equilibria, magma is reduced if the existence of a pre-exsolved fluid phase is assumed, while the model calculation shows that magma is oxidized when it contains only water or no pre-exsolved fluid phases. This is because sulfur buffers the oxidation of magma through a reaction with oxygen in the fluid phase. Therefore, we inferred that the redox condition of magma is not oxidized during explosive volcanism with a pre-exsolved fluid phase and closed-system degassing. In contrast, if magma experiences open-system degassing, it may be oxidized, resulting in the breakdown of sulfide crystals as observed in some pyroclasts and lavas.
Risk factors of adolescent health: mass poll results
Authors: Khabriev R. U. , Yagudina R. I. , Rashid M. A. , Arinina E. E. 
Published: July 2020

Objective. To study the risk factors of noncommunicable disease spread in adolescents based on the mass pole results.Methods. The authors conducted four waves of study within the framework of the monitoring project “Risk factors for human health” in 2014–2017. The study included a multistage stratified territorial random sample of 1,691 patients over 11 years. The research population included 170 adolescents (11–19 years) (10%).Results. An adverse profile of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases was predetermined by: overweight in adolescents (10%), increased blood pressure (18%), unfavorable history of cardiovascular events in close relatives (60–70%), nutritional disorders (80–96%) , low level of physical activity (5%), smoking (20%), and alcohol consumption (26% of respondents). The body weight deficiency (35%) and overweight (10%), along with sufficient consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits in only 7% of cases reflects gross malnutrition of adolescents, which determines their future development. Awareness of adolescents of the main risk factors for noncommunicable diseases remains low (less than 30–40% for different factors). The example of close relatives, friends and stressful situations predetermine the emergence of bad habits (consumption of alcohol and tobacco) in adolescents.Scope of application. Pediatrics, public health, epidemiology.Conclusion. In order to correct adverse risk factors of noncommunicable diseases, it is necessary to attract a wide range of specialists, including intensive family and personal psychological consultations with adolescents. These measures will motivate adolescents to a healthy lifestyle and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases in the population of the Russian Federation.