bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CXCR4 inhibition in human pancreatic and colorectal cancers induces an integrated immune response
Authors: Biasci Daniele , Smoragiewicz Martin , Connell Claire M. , Wang Zhikai , Gao Ya , Thaventhiran James E. D. , Basu Bristi , Magiera Lukasz , Johnson T. Isaac , Bax Lisa , Gopinathan Aarthi , Isherwood Christopher , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Pawula Maria , Hudecova Irena , Gale Davina , Rosenfeld Nitzan , Barmpounakis Petros , Popa Elizabeta Cristina , Brais Rebecca , Godfrey Edmund , Mir Fraz , Richards Frances M. , Fearon Douglas T. , Janowitz Tobias , Jodrell Duncan I. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) pancreatic (PDA) or colorectal cancer (CRC) do not respond to immunotherapy with inhibitors of T cell checkpoints. A possible explanation is suggested by finding that cancer cells in these tumors are coated with the chemokine, CXCL12, and that stimulation of CXCR4, the CXCL12 receptor on immune cells, suppresses directed migration mediated by other chemokine receptors on these cells. We assessed the relevance of these findings by treating patients for seven days with continuous infusion of AMD3100/Plerixafor, a CXCR4 inhibitor. Comparison of pre- and end-of-treatment paired biopsies of metastatic lesions by transcriptomic analysis revealed that AMD3100 induced an integrated immune response that is predictive of a clinical response to T cell checkpoint inhibition.
The adaptor protein APPL2 controls glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via F-actin remodeling in pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Wang Baile , Lin Huige , Li Xiaomu , Lu Wenqi , Kim Jae Bum , Xu Aimin , Cheng Kenneth K. Y. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Dysregulation of cytoskeletal remodeling could result in defective GSIS and cause type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported the role of small GTPases including Rac1 and Cdc42 in the regulation of F-actin remodeling, whereas the upstream regulatory pathway remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the adaptor protein APPL2 as an upstream regulator of Rac1 activation. APPL2 promotes F-actin remodeling by antagonizing the inhibitory effect of RacGAP1 on Rac1 activation, which eventually enhances GSIS. Our findings fill the overall puzzle of F-actin remodeling with a crucial piece and provide insights into type 2 diabetes with disrupted actin dynamics.
Inelastic x-ray scattering studies of phonon dispersions in superconductors at high pressures
Authors: Souliou S M , Bosak A , Garbarino G , Le Tacon M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electron–phonon interaction is of central importance for the electrical and heat transport properties of metals, and is directly responsible for charge-density-waves or (conventional) superconducting instabilities. The direct observation of phonon dispersion anomalies across electronic phase transitions can provide insightful information regarding the mechanisms underlying their formation. Here, we review the current status of phonon dispersion studies in superconductors under hydrostatic and uniaxial pressure. Advances in the instrumentation of high resolution inelastic x-ray scattering beamlines and pressure generating devices allow these measurements to be performed routinely at synchrotron beamlines worldwide.
Mesenteric venous thrombosis: A lethal complication of hyperglycemic crises
Authors: Tsai Andrew , Teichman Amanda , Butts Christopher A , Cai Jenny Y , Peck Gregory L , Adams Christopher D , Hanna Joseph S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Although hyperglycemic crises can lead to a hypercoagulable state, few instances of associated mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) have been reported. Worsening abdominal pain in the context of shock requiring vasopressor support should prompt urgent further investigation.

Summary
A 44-year-old Hispanic male arrived at an emergency department with chief complaints of lethargy, polydipsia, and polyuria. His past medical history included type 2 diabetes, epilepsy, obesity, tobacco smoking, and noncompliance with his medications. On arrival the patient had a serum glucose concentration of &gt;1,600 mg/dL, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) was diagnosed. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory failure and subsequently developed shock refractory to fluid resuscitation, necessitating vasopressor support. On hospital day 4, a computerized tomogram obtained for investigation of increasing abdominal tenderness revealed superior MVT and pneumatosis intestinalis. Despite an emergency laparotomy and enterectomy, the patient ultimately succumbed on hospital day 41 due to recurrent pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock.

Conclusion
Shock that is refractory to aggressive fluid resuscitation, necessitating pressor support, in the setting of HHS or diabetic ketoacidosis should prompt investigation for the underlying source of shock. Other etiologies, including hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock, should be considered; however, infection is the leading trigger of hyperglycemic crises. Although rarely reported, MVT should be considered in the diagnostic algorithm in the absence of an identified infectious source. Prompt investigation should include use of diagnostic modalities such as computed tomography to assess for MVT.
Genetic diversity of North American vertebrates in protected areas
Authors: Thompson Coleen E P , Pelletier Tara A , Carstens Bryan C 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtected areas play a crucial role in the conservation of biodiversity; however, it is unclear if these areas have an influence on genetic diversity. As a first step towards addressing this issue, we compare the genetic diversity inside and outside of protected areas. We tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference between genetic diversity inside compared to outside of protected areas in 44 vertebrate species. By automatically skimming the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank we obtained genetic and geographical data to be repurposed and reanalysed. Novel pipelines were used to automate the process of assigning individuals to inside or outside of protected areas and then used to calculate different measures of intraspecific diversity. Forty-eight percent of examined species showed a significant difference in the amount of nucleotide diversity they contained inside compared to outside of protected areas, with similar numbers of species containing more or less genetic diversity inside compared to outside. Although our simulation testing suggests that this result is not an artefact of sampling, it is unclear what factors influence the relative amount of genetic diversity in protected areas across species.
Resolving generic limits in Cyperaceae tribe Abildgaardieae using targeted sequencing
Authors: Larridon Isabel , Zuntini Alexandre R , Barrett Russell L , Wilson Karen L , Bruhl Jeremy J , Goetghebeur Paul , Baker William J , Brewer Grace E , Epitawalage Niroshini , Fairlie Isabel , Forest Félix , Sabino Kikuchi Izai A B , Pokorny Lisa , Semmouri Ilias , Spalink Daniel , Simpson David A , Muasya A Muthama , Roalson Eric H 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMorphological characterizations of genera in Cyperaceae tribe Abildgaardieae have been highly problematic and the subject of much debate. Earlier molecular phylogenetic studies based on Sanger sequencing and a limited sampling have indicated that several generic circumscriptions are not monophyletic. Here, we provide the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Abildgaardieae using targeted sequencing data obtained with the Angiosperms353 enrichment panel for 50 species. We test whether recent taxonomic decisions made based on Sanger sequencing data are validated by our targeted sequencing data. Our results support subsuming the small African genus Nemum into the large genus Bulbostylis and subsuming the monotypic genus Crosslandia into the diverse genus Fimbristylis. Also, our results support the recent publication of the new genus Zulustylis for two African species previously placed in Fimbristylis. Furthermore, we investigate the phylogenetic placement of recently described tropical Australian endemic species of Actinoschoenus, which are recognized here as the new morphologically cryptic genus Scleroschoenus. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis and supported by morphological data, we recognize the genus Abildgaardia. The placement in Abildgaardieae of two monotypic genera Nelmesia and Trichoschoenus, only known from the type collections from the Democratic Republic of Congo and Madagascar, respectively, are also discussed. New combinations and lectotypifications are made in Abildgaardia, Actinoschoenus, Arthrostylis and Scleroschoenus.
RUNX1 promotes MAPK signaling to increase tumor progression and metastasis via OPN in head and neck cancer
Authors: Liu Kai , Hu Huiying , Jiang Huanyu , Zhang Haidong , Gong Shanchun , Wei Dongmin , Yu Zhenkun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Tumor progression and metastasis are still major burdens for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is involved in aggressive phenotypes in several cancers, while the molecular role of RUNX1 underlying cancer progression and metastasis of HNSCC remains largely unknown. In our study, RUNX1 expression was increased with disease progression in patients with HNSCC. The silencing of RUNX1 significantly decelerated the malignant progression of HNSCC cells, reduced osteopontin (OPN) expression in vitro and weakened the tumorigenicity of HNSCC cells in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that RUNX1 activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling by directly binding to the promoter of OPN in tumor progression and metastasis of HNSCC. Our results may provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the role of RUNX1 in tumor progression and metastasis and reveal the potential therapeutic target in HNSCC.
Stable Communities Detection Method for Temporal Multiplex Graphs: Heterogeneous Social Network Case Study
Authors: Rebhi Wala , Ben Yahia Nesrine , Bellamine Ben Saoud Narjès 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMultiplex graphs have been recently proposed as a model to represent high-level complexity in real-world networks such as heterogeneous social networks where actors could be characterized by heterogeneous properties and could be linked with different types of social interactions. This has brought new challenges in community detection, which aims to identify pertinent groups of nodes in a complex graph. In this context, great efforts have been made to tackle the problem of community detection in multiplex graphs. However, most of the proposed methods until recently deal with static multiplex graph and ignore the temporal dimension, which is a key characteristic of real networks. Even more, the few methods that consider temporal graphs, they just propose to follow communities over time and none of them use the temporal aspect directly to detect stable communities, which are often more meaningful in reality. Thus, this paper proposes a new two-step method to detect stable communities in temporal multiplex graphs. The first step aims to find the best static graph partition at each instant by applying a new hybrid community detection algorithm, which considers both relations heterogeneities and nodes similarities. Then, the second step considers the temporal dimension in order to find final stable communities. Finally, experiments on synthetic graphs and a real social network show that this method is competitive and it is able to extract high-quality communities.
Numbers and phenotype of non-classical CD14dimCD16+ monocytes are predictors of adverse clinical outcome in patients with coronary artery disease and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Mueller Karin Anne Lydia , Langnau Carolin , Günter Manina , Pöschel Simone , Gekeler Sarah , Petersen-Uribe Álvaro , Kreisselmeier Klaus-Peter , Klingel Karin , Bösmüller Hans , Li Bo , Jaeger Philippa , Castor Tatsiana , Rath Dominik , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Autenrieth Stella E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
To elucidate the prognostic role of monocytes in the immune response of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) at risk for life-threatening heart and lung injury as major complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods and results
From February to April 2020, we prospectively studied a cohort of 96 participants comprising 47 consecutive patients with CAD and acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (CAD + SARS-CoV-2), 19 CAD patients without infections, and 30 healthy controls. Clinical assessment included blood sampling, echocardiography, and electrocardiography within 12 h of admission. Respiratory failure was stratified by the Horovitz Index (HI) as moderately/severely impaired when HI ≤200 mmHg. The clinical endpoint (EP) was defined as HI ≤200 mmHg with subsequent mechanical ventilation within a follow-up of 30 days. The numbers of CD14dimCD16+ non-classical monocytes in peripheral blood were remarkably low in CAD + SARS-CoV-2 compared with CAD patients without infection and healthy controls (P &lt; 0.0001). Moreover, these CD14dimCD16 monocytes showed decreased expression of established markers of adhesion, migration, and T-cell activation (CD54, CD62L, CX3CR1, CD80, and HLA-DR). Decreased numbers of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes were associated with the occurrence of EP. Kaplan–Meier curves illustrate that CAD + SARS-CoV-2 patients with numbers below the median of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes (median 1443 cells/mL) reached EP significantly more often compared to patients with numbers above the median (log-rank 5.03, P = 0.025).

Conclusion
Decreased numbers of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes are associated with rapidly progressive respiratory failure in CAD + SARS-CoV-2 patients. Intensified risk assessments comprising monocyte sub- and phenotypes may help to identify patients at risk for respiratory failure.
Taming the prince: Bringing presidential emergency powers under law in Colombia
Authors: Katz Andrea Scoseria 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Can courts check presidential power exercised in a crisis—and should they? The case of Colombia, which recently turned on its head a history of presidential overreach and judicial rubber-stamping, provides an answer in the affirmative. As in much of Latin America, throughout Colombia’s post-independence history, bloodshed fueled authoritarian tendencies, with presidents exploiting the need for “order” to centralize power. One critical weapon in the presidential toolkit was the power to declare a state of emergency. During the twentieth century, these decrees became a routine pretext for the President to govern unilaterally, acquiesced to by the legislature and rarely challenged by the courts. That pattern has since come to an end. Since 1992, the Constitutional Court has proven an unexpectedly strong counterweight to presidential power, especially in its strict review of presidential emergency decrees. Under a model of substantive judicial review, the Constitutional Court has taken for itself the authority to review the factual basis giving rise to a crisis, and the adequacy of the President’s rationale for declaring it. Decrees that, as in the past, attempted to manufacture a crisis or which would exceed the President’s constitutional powers have been struck down. This paper discusses some of the Court’s successes in that ambit, and argues for the portability of this model to other national contexts.
PI3K-Akt Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala Facilitates Traumatic Stress Enhancements in Fear Memory
Authors: Knox Dayan , Della Valle Rebecca , Mohammadmirzaei Negin , Shultz Brianna , Biddle Matt , Farkash Abigail , Chamness Marisa , Moulton Emily 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
A core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder is persistent fear memory, which can be defined as fear memory that is resistant to updating, inhibition, or extinction. posttraumatic stress disorder emerges after traumatic stress exposure, but neurobiological mechanisms via which traumatic stress leads to persistent fear memory are not well defined. Akt signaling within the amygdala (Amy) is enhanced with traumatic stress, and phosphatidylinositol kinase 3 (PI3K) activation of Akt within the basolateral Amy (BLA) has been implicated as critical to fear memory formation. These findings raise the possibility that traumatic stress enhances PI3K→Akt signaling in the BLA, which leads to persistent fear memory.

Methods
To test this hypothesis, rats were exposed to traumatic stress using the single prolonged stress model, and changes in Akt phosphorylation were assayed in the Amy at 0 and 30 minutes after fear conditioning (FC). In a separate experiment, we inhibited PI3K→Akt signaling in the BLA prior to FC and observed the effect this had on acquisition, expression, and extinction of FC in stressed and control rats.

Results
Enhanced Akt phosphorylation in the Amy at both time points was observed in stressed rats, but not in control rats. PI3K→Akt inhibition in the BLA had no effect on freezing in control rats but decreased freezing during extinction training and testing in stressed rats.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that PI3K→Akt signaling in the BLA could be a mechanism via which traumatic stress leads to fear memory that is resistant to extinction.
Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availabilities and Evoked Dopamine Release in Striatum Differentially Predict Impulsivity and Novelty Preference in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats
Authors: Bellés Lidia , Dimiziani Andrea , Tsartsalis Stergios , Millet Philippe , Herrmann François R , Ginovart Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Impulsivity and novelty preference are both associated with an increased propensity to develop addiction-like behaviors, but their relationship and respective underlying dopamine (DA) underpinnings are not fully elucidated.

Methods
We evaluated a large cohort (n = 49) of Roman high- and low-avoidance rats using single photon emission computed tomography to concurrently measure in vivo striatal D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability and amphetamine (AMPH)-induced DA release in relation to impulsivity and novelty preference using a within-subject design. To further examine the DA-dependent processes related to these traits, midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor levels were measured using ex vivo autoradiography in the same animals.

Results
We replicated a robust inverse relationship between impulsivity, as measured with the 5-choice serial reaction time task, and D2/3R availability in ventral striatum and extended this relationship to D2/3R levels measured in dorsal striatum. Novelty preference was positively related to impulsivity and showed inverse associations with D2/3R availability in dorsal striatum and ventral striatum. A high magnitude of AMPH-induced DA release in striatum predicted both impulsivity and novelty preference, perhaps owing to the diminished midbrain D2/3-autoreceptor availability measured in high-impulsive/novelty-preferring Roman high-avoidance animals that may amplify AMPH effect on DA transmission. Mediation analyses revealed that while D2/3R availability and AMPH-induced DA release in striatum are both significant predictors of impulsivity, the effect of striatal D2/3R availability on novelty preference is fully mediated by evoked striatal DA release.

Conclusions
Impulsivity and novelty preference are related but mediated by overlapping, yet dissociable, DA-dependent mechanisms in striatum that may interact to promote the emergence of an addiction-prone phenotype.
On perturbation range in the feedback synthesis problem for a chain of integrators system
Authors: Korobov V I , Revina T V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The feedback synthesis problem for a chain of integrators system with continuous bounded unknown perturbation is considered. Our approach is based on the controllability function (CF) method proposed by V.I. Korobov. The perturbation range is determined by the negativity condition for the total derivative of the CF with respect to the perturbed system. The control that does not depend on perturbation under some restrictions and steers an arbitrary initial point from a neighborhood of the origin to the origin in a finite time (settling-time function) is constructed. The settling-time function depends on the perturbation, but it remains bounded from below and from above by the same value.
Rapid Progression of Kidney Dysfunction in People Living With HIV: Use of Polygenic and Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Risk Scores
Authors: Dietrich Léna G , Thorball Christian W , Ryom Lene , Burkhalter Felix , Hasse Barbara , Thurnheer Maria Christine , Weisser Maja , Schmid Patrick , Bernasconi Enos , Darling Kathrine E A , Buvelot Hélène , Fellay Jacques , Ledergerber Bruno , Tarr Philip E ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Boni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Gunthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hosli I , Huber M , Kahlert C R , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , de Tejada B Martinez , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Muller N , Nicca D , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer A U , Schmid P , Speck R , Stockle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), it is unknown whether genetic background associates with rapid progression of kidney dysfunction (ie, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decrease of &gt;5mL/min/1.73m2 per year for ≥3 consecutive years).

Methods
We obtained univariable and multivariable hazard ratios (HR) for rapid progression, based on the clinical D:A:D chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk score, antiretroviral exposures, and a polygenic risk score based on 14 769 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms in white Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants.

Results
We included 225 participants with rapid progression and 3378 rapid progression-free participants. In multivariable analysis, compared to participants with low D:A:D risk, participants with high risk had rapid progression (HR =  1.82 [95% CI, 1.28–2.60]). Compared to the first (favorable) polygenic risk score quartile, participants in the second, third, and fourth (unfavorable) quartiles had rapid progression (HR = 1.39 [95% CI, 0.94–2.06], 1.52 [95% CI, 1.04–2.24], and 2.04 [95% CI, 1.41–2.94], respectively). Recent exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was associated with rapid progression (HR = 1.36 [95% CI, 1.06–1.76]).

Discussion
An individual polygenic risk score is associated with rapid progression in Swiss PWH, when analyzed in the context of clinical and antiretroviral risk factors.