bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Transposable Elements on Methylation and Gene Expression across Natural Accessions of Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Wyler Michele , Stritt Christoph , Walser Jean-Claude , Baroux Célia , Roulin Anne C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large fraction of plant genomes and are mostly present in a transcriptionally silent state through repressive epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. TE silencing is believed to influence the regulation of adjacent genes, possibly as DNA methylation spreads away from the TE. Whether this is a general principle or a context-dependent phenomenon is still under debate, pressing for studying the relationship between TEs, DNA methylation, and nearby gene expression in additional plant species. Here, we used the grass Brachypodium distachyon as a model and produced DNA methylation and transcriptome profiles for 11 natural accessions. In contrast to what is observed in Arabidopsis thaliana, we found that TEs have a limited impact on methylation spreading and that only few TE families are associated with a low expression of their adjacent genes. Interestingly, we found that a subset of TE insertion polymorphisms is associated with differential gene expression across accessions. Thus, although not having a global impact on gene expression, distinct TE insertions may contribute to specific gene expression patterns in B. distachyon.
Mental Health of Asian American Older Adults: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions
Authors: Kim Giyeon , Wang Sylvia Y , Park Soohyun , Yun Stacy W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Given the increased attention to older Asian Americans due to their increasing numbers in the United States, this article aims to provide a collective appraisal of older Asian American mental health issues by reviewing trends in older Asian American mental health research over the past 2 decades. This review article provides an overview of the current state of mental health and care research on older Asian Americans and vital factors associated with older Asian American mental health and care. We also identify gaps in current research on Asian American mental health issues and propose 5 potential areas for future research into which gerontologists need to put more effort during the next decade. Ways to reduce disparities in mental health and improve the quality of mental health of older Asian Americans are also discussed.
Spectral element simulation of elastic wave propagation through fractures using linear slip model: microfracture detection for CO2 storage
Authors: Ponomarenko R , Sabitov D , Charara M 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYSimulation of seismic wave propagation through fracture has a wide range of applications in environmental sciences. In this paper, we propose an efficient tool to compute accurate seismic response from a fracture within a reasonable time frame. Its theoretical formulation is based on the spectral element method (SEM) and extended to Schoenberg’s linear slip model (LSM). SEM is very effective in terms of accuracy and stability criteria. LSM is treated as a boundary condition and perfectly fits for modelling fractures with a small aperture. The method is implemented for 3-D heterogeneous media on GPU, which allows calculating the tasks with large and complex geometries. The validation of the numerical method shows good agreement with the theory. Finally, we applied the method to the task that illustrates the possibility of the proposed solution to handle real problems. We model sonic logging for a well with a microfracture in a cement sheath. Based on synthetic seismograms, strong connections between wave mode parameters and the fracture parameters were established. This task is of high importance for carbon capture and storage, as microfractures provide the path for long-term CO2 migration.
Focal mechanisms of small earthquakes beneath the Japanese islands based on first-motion polarities picked using deep learning
Authors: Uchide Takahiko 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
Knowledge of crustal stress fields is essential for understanding tectonics and earthquake generation. One approach for estimating the crustal stress field is based on the focal mechanisms of earthquakes. This study investigated the focal mechanisms of approximately 110 000 microearthquakes in the area of the Japanese islands that occurred at a depth shallower than 20 km, based on the first-motion polarities picked by a simple neural network model. The model was first trained using a data set of mainly moderate to large earthquakes throughout Japan. Following on, the model was re-trained using a data set of microearthquakes in two regions of Japan. The threshold of the confidence score from the neural network model was chosen to maximize the overall quality of the focal mechanism solutions. The P- and T-axes of the numerous focal mechanism solutions provided more detailed distributions of the crustal stress field. For example, in the Chugoku region, small differences were observed in the trend of P-axes azimuths between the northern and southern areas, spatially corresponding to geodetic observations. The results of this study are useful for revealing the crustal stress field, and, as such, for assessing past and current tectonic activities and potential future earthquake generation.
Drink, but don't drive? The alcohol industry’s involvement in global road safety
Authors: Hoe Connie , Taber Niloufer , Champagne Sarah , Bachani Abdulgafoor M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Drink-driving is a major cause of global road traffic fatalities, yet few countries have laws that meet international best practices. One possible reason is the alcohol industry’s opposition to meaningful policies that are perceived to directly threaten sales. Our primary objectives are to document alcohol industry involvement in global road safety policies and programmes and to critically evaluate the responses of public health and road safety communities to this involvement. Under the guidance of the Policy Dystopia Model, we used a mixed methods approach in which data were gathered from expert interviews and a mapping review of 11 databases, 5 watchdog websites and 7 alcohol industry-sponsored initiatives. Triangulation was used to identify points of convergence among data sources. A total of 20 expert interviews and 94 documents were analysed. Our study showed that the alcohol industry acknowledges that drink-driving is an issue but argues for solutions that would limit impact on sales, akin to the message ‘drink—but do not drive’. Industry actors have been involved in road safety through: (1) coalition coupling and decoupling, (2) information production and management, (3) direct involvement in policymaking and (4) implementation of interventions. Our study also shed light on the lack of cohesion within and among the public health and road safety communities, particularly with regard to the topics of receiving funding from and partnering with the alcohol industry. These results were subsequently used to adapt the Policy Dystopia Model as a conceptual framework that illustrates the ways in which the alcohol industry has been involved in global road safety. Several implications can be drawn from this study, including the urgent need to increase awareness about the involvement of the alcohol industry in road safety and to build a cohesive transnational alcohol control advocacy alliance to curb injuries and deaths related to drink-driving.
Better health indicators of FitSpirit participants meeting 24-h movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth
Authors: Guimarães Roseane de Fátima , Gilbert Jo-Anne , Lemoyne Jean , Mathieu Marie-Eve 
Published: August 2020

Summary
This study aims to determine the proportion of girls who meet the recommendations for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen time and sleep duration among FitSpirit participants and evaluate the associations of these recommendations with perceived health-related quality of life (QOL), perceived health, physical activity (PA), self-efficacy and body mass index. Cross-sectional analyses of FitSpirit data were performed. All variables were collected through an online questionnaire. The proportion of girls meeting all recommendations was 2.2%, while 72.5% met either one or two and 25.4% met none. A greater percentage of girls with ≥3 years in FitSpirit met MVPA and sleep recommendations combined when compared with fewer years (12.9% vs. 1.7% with 1 year; vs. 10.1% with 2 years; p &lt; 0.05). Meeting the combinations of MVPA and screen time (β = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.40, 1.68), MVPA and sleep (β = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.27, 1.04) and all three combined (β = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.33, 1.71) was the most significant predictors of better perceived QOL. Respecting MVPA recommendations predicted a better perceived health (β = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.87) while girls who slept as recommended had a better PA-related self-efficacy (β = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.51, 2.11). Not meeting any recommendation was associated with inferior PA-related self-efficacy (β = −0.32, 95% CI = −3.03, −1.21). Lastly, meeting MVPA and sleep recommendations was significantly associated with lower body mass index z-scores (β = −0.14, 95% CI = −1.16, −0.11). There was a small percentage of girls following all of the recommendations. Furthermore, meeting individual and combined recommendations was associated with better perceived QOL and health, PA self-efficacy as well as healthier body mass index z-score.
Counterclaims: a Critical Analysis of Article 6 of the 2019 The Hague Resolution of the Institut de Droit International on the ‘Equality of Parties before International Investment Tribunals’
Authors: Steingruber Andrea Marco 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article addresses the complex topic of counterclaims in investment arbitration by critically assessing and commenting Article 6 of the 2019 The Hague Resolution of the Institut de Droit International (IDI) on the ‘Equality of Parties before International Investment Tribunals’ paragraph by paragraph.
On Quaternionic Unitary Rapoport–Zink Spaces with Parahoric Level Structures
Authors: Wang Haining 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we describe the underlying reduced scheme of a quaternionic unitary Rapoport–Zink space with Iwahori level structure. In a previous work, we have studied the quaternionic unitary Rapoport–Zink space with a special maximal parahoric level structure. We will describe the morphism between these two Rapoport–Zink spaces and the fibers of this morphism. As an application of this result, we describe the quaternionic unitary Rapoport–Zink space with any parahoric level structure.
Bacterial antibiotic resistance development and mutagenesis following exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones in vitro: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ching Carly , Orubu Ebiowei S F , Sutradhar Indorica , Wirtz Veronika J , Boucher Helen W , Zaman Muhammad H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Understanding social and scientific drivers of antibiotic resistance is critical to help preserve antibiotic efficacy. These drivers include exposure to subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations in the environment and clinic.

Objectives
To summarize and quantify the relationship between subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure and antibiotic resistance and mutagenesis to better understand resistance patterns and mechanisms.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for primary in vitro experimental studies on subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure and bacterial antibiotic resistance and mutagenesis, from earliest available dates through to 2018 without language limitation. A specifically developed non-weighted tool was used to assess risk of bias.

Results
Evidence from 62 eligible studies showed that subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure results in increased resistance to the selecting fluoroquinolone. Most increases in MIC were low (median minimum of 3.7-fold and median maximum of 32-fold) and may not be considered clinically relevant. Mechanistically, resistance is partly explained by target mutations but also changes in drug efflux. Collaterally, resistance to other fluoroquinolones and unrelated antibiotic classes also develops. The mean ± SD quality score for all studies was 2.6 ± 1.8 with a range of 0 (highest score) to 7 (lowest score).

Conclusions
Low and moderate levels of resistance and efflux changes can create an opportunity for higher-level resistance or MDR. Future studies, to elucidate the genetic regulation of specific resistance mechanisms, and increased policies, including surveillance of low-level resistance changes or genomic surveillance of efflux pump genes and regulators, could serve as a predictor of MDR development.
Associations of physicians’ prescribing experience, work hours, and workload with prescription errors
Authors: Leviatan Ilona , Oberman Bernice , Zimlichman Eyal , Stein Gideon Y. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to assess associations of physician’s work overload, successive work shifts, and work experience with physicians’ risk to err.

Materials and Methods
This large-scale study included physicians who prescribed at least 100 systemic medications at Sheba Medical Center during 2012–2017 in all acute care departments, excluding intensive care units. Presumed medication errors were flagged by a high-accuracy computerized decision support system that uses machine-learning algorithms to detect potential medication prescription errors. Physicians’ successive work shifts (first or only shift, second, and third shifts), workload (assessed by the number of prescriptions during a shift) and work-experience, as well as a novel measurement of physicians’ prescribing experience with a specific drug, were assessed per prescription. The risk to err was determined for various work conditions.

Results
1 652 896 medical orders were prescribed by 1066 physicians; The system flagged 3738 (0.23%) prescriptions as erroneous. Physicians were 8.2 times more likely to err during high than normal-low workload shifts (5.19% vs 0.63%, P &lt; .0001). Physicians on their third or second successive shift (compared to a first or single shift) were more likely to err (2.1%, 1.8%, and 0.88%, respectively, P &lt; .001). Lack of experience in prescribing a specific medication was associated with higher error rate (0.37% for the first 5 prescriptions vs 0.13% after over 40, P &lt; .001).

Discussion
Longer hours and less experience in prescribing a specific medication increase risk of erroneous prescribing.

Conclusion
Restricting successive shifts, reducing workload, increasing training and supervision, and implementing smart clinical decision support systems may help reduce prescription errors.
A 2017–2019 Update on Acute Intoxications and Fatalities from Illicit Fentanyl and Analogs
Authors: Brunetti Pietro , Pirani Filippo , Carlier Jeremy , Giorgetti Raffaele , Busardò Francesco Paolo , Lo Faro Alfredo Fabrizio 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this review was to report the most recent cases of acute intoxication, fatalities and “driving under the influence” cases, involving illicit fentanyl and its newest analogs. When available, information on age, sex, circumstances of exposure, intoxication symptoms, cause of death (if applicable) and toxicology results from biological fluid testing was described. Scientific publications reporting fatalities or acute intoxications involving use of fentanyl derivatives were identified from PubMed, Scopus and institutional/governmental websites from January 2017 up to December 2019. The search terms, used alone and in combination, were as follows: fentanyl, street fentanyl, analogs, compounds, derivatives, abuse, fatality, fatalities, death, toxicity, intoxication and adverse effects. When considered relevant, reports not captured by the initial search but cited in other publications were also included. Of the 2890 sources initially found, only 44 were suitable for the review. Emergent data showed that the most common analogs detected in biological samples and seized materials are acetylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, butyrfentanyl, carfentanil, cyclopropylfentanyl, fluorofentanyl, 4-fluorobutyrfentanyl, 4-fluoroisobutyrfentanyl, furanylfentanyl, 2-methoxyacetylfentanyl, 3-methylfentanyl and ocfentanil. These compounds were frequently administered in association with other illicit substances, medicinal drugs and/or alcohol; patients and the victims often had a previous history of drug abuse. The trend of fentanyl analogs is rapidly evolving with illicit market fluctuations. Since information about potency and lethal dosage are frequently unknown, it is important to identify the new trends for further investigation on therapeutic use, toxicity and fatal doses, and implement public health measures. Recently marketed fentanyl analogs such as crotonylfentanyl and valerylfentanyl were not involved in intoxications to date, but should be carefully monitored. Many intoxications and fatalities might have gone unnoticed, and research efforts should focus on metabolite identification studies and the implementation of updated and comprehensive analytical methods
miR-98-5p protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through anti-apoptosis and anti-oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Yu Shan , Zhai Jingjie , Yu Jing , Yang Qiwei , Yang Jinghui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an obstacle in treating ischemic stroke effectively. miR-98-5p has been reported to have the ability of reducing myocardial I/R injury. To explore the function of miR-98-5p in cerebral I/R, we established mice model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). The level of miR-98-5p was found to be downregulated in serum of stroke patients and brain tissues of MCAO/R mice. Examination of brain tissues indicated that upregulating miR-98-5p level alleviated the infarction in MCAO/R mice. Moreover, the upregulation of miR-98-5p reduced reactive oxygen species production and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity in brain tissues of MCAO/R mice. These results indicating that miR-98-5p could protect against oxidative stress. Further study showed that miR-98-5p inhibited apoptosis by reducing the levels of death-associated protein kinase 1, B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2 associated x protein and cleaved caspase-3, as well as increasing the level of B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2. In addition, miR-98-5p was found to protect against oxidative stress through downregulating the level of BTB domain and CNC homology 1 and upregulating the levels of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 and heme oxygenase 1. Therefore, miR-98-5p might be a potential target to treat cerebral I/R injury.
Coming to Consensus: What Defines Deep Partial Thickness Burn Injuries in Porcine Models?
Authors: Gibson Angela L F , Carney Bonnie C , Cuttle Leila , Andrews Christine J , Kowalczewski Christine J , Liu Aiping , Powell Heather M , Stone Randolph , Supp Dorothy M , Singer Adam J , Shupp Jeffrey W , Stalter Lily , Moffatt Lauren T 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Deep partial thickness burns are clinically prevalent and difficult to diagnose. In order to develop methods to assess burn depth and therapies to treat deep partial thickness burns, reliable, accurate animal models are needed. The variety of animal models in the literature and the lack of precise details reported for the experimental procedures make comparison of research between investigators challenging and ultimately affect translation to patients. They sought to compare deep partial thickness porcine burn models from five well-established laboratories. In doing so, they uncovered a lack of consistency in approaches to the evaluation of burn injury depth that was present within and among various models. They then used an iterative process to develop a scoring rubric with an educational component to facilitate burn injury depth evaluation that improved reliability of the scoring. Using the developed rubric to re-score the five burn models, they found that all models created a deep partial thickness injury and that agreement about specific characteristics identified on histological staining was improved. Finally, they present consensus statements on the evaluation and interpretation of the microanatomy of deep partial thickness burns in pigs.
Mesh processing for improved perceptual quality of 3D printed relief☆
Authors: Yang Yifan , Ohtake Yutaka , Suzuki Hiromasa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Making arts and crafts is an essential application of 3D printing. However, typically, 3D printers have limited resolution; thus, the perceptual quality of the result is always low, mainly when the input mesh is a relief. To address this problem using existing 3D printing technology, we only operate the shape of the input triangle mesh. To improve the perceptual quality of a 3D printed product, we propose an integrated mesh processing that comprises feature extraction, 3D print preview, feature preservation test, and shape enhancement. The proposed method can identify and enlarge features that need to be enhanced without large-scale deformation. Besides, to improve ease of use, intermediate processes are visualized via user interfaces. To evaluate the proposed method, the processed triangle meshes are 3D printed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is confirmed by comparing photographs of the original 3D prints and the enhanced 3D prints.
Prognostic impact of systemic therapy change in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy
Authors: Ishihara Hiroki , Takagi Toshio , Kondo Tsunenori , Fukuda Hironori , Tachibana Hidekazu , Yoshida Kazuhiko , Iizuka Junpei , Kobayashi Hirohito , Okumi Masayoshi , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Limited data are available regarding the effect of systemic therapy change in the post-cytokine era on survival of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN).

Methods
Overall, 161 patients with synchronously mRCC were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were classified into three groups based on the time of diagnosis: (i) early molecular-targeted therapy (mTT) (2008–2011), (ii) late mTT (2012–8/2016) and (iii) immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) eras (9/2016–2018). Overall survival (OS) after the diagnosis was compared among the eras.

Results
Of the 161 patients, 52 (32%), 75 (46%), and 34 patients (21%) were classified into the early mTT, late mTT and ICI eras, respectively. OS was significantly longer in the ICI and late mTT eras than that in the early mTT era (P = 0.0065 and P = 0.0010, respectively) but did not significantly differ between the ICI and late mTT eras (P = 0.389). In 112 patients undergoing CN and systemic therapy, OS was significantly longer in the ICI and late mTT eras than that in the early mTT era (P = 0.0432 and P = 0.0498, respectively) but did not significantly differ between the ICI and late mTT eras (P = 0.320). Multivariate analysis of OS in the 161 synchronous mRCC patients revealed that the era was an independent factor (P &lt; 0.0001), together with the histopathological type (P = 0.0130), CN status (P = 0.0010), International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium risk (P = 0.0002) and liver metastasis status (P = 0.0124).

Conclusion
This retrospective analysis showed that systemic therapy change in the post-cytokine era improved OS of mRCC patients undergoing CN.