bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient support groups: A survey of United Kingdom practice, purpose and performance
Authors: Groves Jeremy , Cahill Julie , Sturmey Gordon , Peskett Mo , Wade Dorothy ,   for and on behalf of the Patients and Relatives Committee of the Intensive Care Society and ICUsteps
Published: September 2020

Background Critical care survivors face physical, psychological and socio-economic burdens. Peer support is acknowledged as a way individuals can face, accept and overcome the challenges arising from a stressful event. We sought to examine the provision and benefits of peer support to critical care survivors in the UK. Method We distributed a survey, devised by the patients and relatives committee of the Intensive Care Society and ICUsteps, to contacts in 163 UK Trusts/hospitals with critical care departments. The benefit to individuals was assessed by seeking the views of attendees of two support groups. Results A response was received from 91 (56%) of the critical care departments. Of these, 46 (48% of respondents) have patient support groups. Our analysis of comments from 30 people is that support groups greatly benefit service users and staff. Conclusions Attendees of patient support groups gave highly positive comments about the service yet provision of patient support groups in the UK is not universal. Recommendations We make a series of recommendations for consideration by UK health care providers.
An Up-to-Date Review of the Meniscus Literature: A Systematic Summary of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Authors: Smoak Jason B. , Matthews John R. , Vinod Amrit V. , Kluczynski Melissa A. , Bisson Leslie J. 
Published: September 2020

Background: A large number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarding the meniscus have been published. Purpose: To provide a qualitative summary of the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses regarding the meniscus. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic search of all meta-analyses and systematic reviews regarding the meniscus and published between July 2009 and July 2019 was performed with PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database. Published abstracts, narrative reviews, articles not written in English, commentaries, study protocols, and topics that were not focused on the meniscus were excluded. The most pertinent results were extracted and summarized from each study. Results: A total of 332 articles were found, of which 142 were included. Included articles were summarized and divided into 16 topics: epidemiology, diagnosis, histology, biomechanics, comorbid pathology, animal models, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM), meniscal repair, meniscal root repairs, meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT), meniscal implants and scaffolds, mesenchymal stem cells and growth factors, postoperative rehabilitation, postoperative imaging assessment, patient-reported outcome measures, and cost-effectiveness. The majority of articles focused on APM (20%), MAT (18%), and meniscal repair (17%). Conclusion: This summary of systematic reviews and meta-analyses delivers surgeons a single source of the current evidence regarding the meniscus.
Self-constrained inversion of potential fields through a 3D depth weighting
Authors: Vitale Andrea , Fedi Maurizio 
Published: September 2020

A new method for inversion of potential fields is developed using a depth-weighting function specifically designed for fields related to complex source distributions. Such a weighting function is determined from an analysis of the field that precedes the inversion itself. The algorithm is self-consistent, meaning that the weighting used in the inversion is directly deduced from the scaling properties of the field. Hence, the algorithm is based on two steps: (1) estimation of the locally homogeneous degree of the field in a 3D domain of the harmonic region and (2) inversion of the data using a specific weighting function with a 3D variable exponent. A multiscale data set is first formed by upward continuation of the original data. Local homogeneity and a multihomogeneous model are then assumed, and a system built on the scaling function is solved at each point of the multiscale data set, yielding a multiscale set of local-homogeneity degrees of the field. Then, the estimated homogeneity degree is associated to the model weighting function in the source volume. Tests on synthetic data show that the generalization of the depth weighting to a 3D function and the proposed two-step algorithm has great potential to improve the quality of the solution. The gravity field of a polyhedron is inverted yielding a realistic reconstruction of the whole body, including the bottom surface. The inversion of the aeromagnetic real data set, from the Mt. Vulture area, also yields a good and geologically consistent reconstruction of the complex source distribution.
Feasibility Study of a Smartphone Application for Detecting Skin Cancers in People With Albinism
Authors: Rubagumya Fidel , Nyagabona Sarah K. , Longombe Ahuka N. , Manirakiza Achille , Ngowi John , Maniragaba Theoneste , Sabushimike Doriane , Urusaro Sandra , Ndoli Diane A. , Dharsee Nazima , Mwaiselage Julius , Mavura Daudi , Hanna Timothy P. , Hammad Nazik 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE Albinism affects some facets of the eye’s function and coloration, as well as hair and skin color. The prevalence of albinism is estimated to be one in 2,000-5,000 people in sub-Saharan Africa and one in 270 in Tanzania. People in Tanzania with albinism experience sociocultural and economic disparities. Because of stigma related to albinism, they present to hospitals with advanced disease, including skin cancers. Mobile health (mHealth) can help to bridge some of the gaps in detection and treatment of skin cancers affecting this population. METHODS We assessed the feasibility of using a mobile application (app) for detection of skin cancers among people with albinism. The study was approved by the Ocean Road Cancer Institute institutional review board. Data, including pictures of the lesions, were collected using a mobile smartphone and submitted to expert reviewers. Expert reviewers’ diagnosis options were benign, malignant, or unevaluable. RESULTS A total of 77 lesions from different body locations of 69 participants were captured by the NgoziYangu mobile app. Sixty-two lesions (81%) were considered malignant via the app and referred for biopsy and histologic diagnosis. Of those referred, 55 lesions (89%) were biopsied, and 47 lesions (85%) were confirmed as skin malignancies, whereas eight (15%) were benign. CONCLUSION With an increasing Internet coverage in Africa, there is potential for smartphone apps to improve health care delivery channels. It is important that mobile apps like NgoziYangu be explored to reduce diagnostic delay and improve the accuracy of detection of skin cancer, especially in stigmatized groups.
The Stock Ticker in the Garden: Frank Norris, American Literary Naturalism, and Capitalocene Aesthetics
Authors: Polefrone Philomena 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This essay argues that American literary naturalism engages with the Anthropocene at the moment it began to be visible, the turn of the twentieth century, and specifically identifies the role of finance in precipitating the crisis. Frank Norris’s The Octopus (1901) and The Pit (1903) offer a case study of a naturalist Capitalocene aesthetics, one capable of capturing global capitalism’s destructive planetary agency. As a student at the University of California at Berkeley, Frank Norris was exposed to Joseph LeConte’s influential theory of the Psychozoic era, a proto-Anthropocene theory from 1877 that named a new unit of geologic time in light of humanity’s status as a transformative planetary force. Norris adapted this theory into a critique of a rapidly globalizing capitalism’s effects on the planet and the natural world, particularly the structures of agricultural capitalism in which complex financial transactions led to destructive wheat monocultures. This critique anticipated the Capitalocene, a contemporary offshoot of the Anthropocene theory arguing that capitalism (rather than humanity per se) is responsible for the present planetary crisis. The vehicle of Norris’s critique is his multimedia landscape descriptions, which invoke and subvert Romantic landscape aesthetics through painterly language and visual paradox. At the center of this aesthetics is a contradiction in individual and collective agency that is also central to life and art in the Capitalocene: confronted with an anthropogenic landscape that is both destroyed and made sublime by the structures of capitalism, individual viewers both feel powerless in the face of the force it represents and feel themselves implicated in its creation, despite different levels of responsibility.
Immunity’s Racial Empire: Virality, Melancholy, Whiteness
Authors: Alexander Travis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWriting in 1991 and 1994, respectively, Donna J. Haraway and Emily Martin argued that in the postwar decades the immune system became a material pedagogy for neoliberal and postmodern thought. In its depiction as a decentralized network of response, the immune system modeled life in late liberalism’s dematerialized time-space compressions. Moreover, if the immune system reified life in this radical expansion, its preternatural competency for discrimination between self and other simultaneously availed a means of retaining racial hygiene in this brave new world of empire. Yet curiously neither Haraway nor Martin acknowledged the extent to which the arrival of HIV in the early 1980s constituted a radical desublimation of what Roberto Esposito identified as the immune system’s salvational image. This essay posits that the arrival of HIV did not simply constitute a neutralization of the immunological fetishism of the postwar period. Rather, the loss of immunity precipitated a biopolitical melancholia. Having lost access to its privileged topos—the immune system itself—immunological governance in turn proximately cathected the object responsible for its trauma, namely, HIV itself. I understand Neal Stephenson’s Snow Crash (1992) and Chuck Hogan’s The Blood Artists (1998) to think, in submerged literary form, an incremental embrace of virality as, ironically, the most viable vehicle for conserving the fantasies of both neoliberal competency and racial containment reified initially by immunity itself.
Single-Step Synthesis of 2D Mesoporous C60/Carbon Hybrids for Supercapacitor and Li-Ion Battery Applications
Authors: Baskar Arun V , Ruban Ajanya M , Davidraj Jefrin M , Singh Gurwinder , Al-Muhtaseb Ala'a H , Lee Jang Mee , Yi Jiabao , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The design of advanced carbon-based electrodes with unique electronic, electrical and textural properties is crucial for the development of high-performance energy storage devices. Here, we report on the fabrication of ordered mesoporous fullerene/carbon hybrids through nanotemplating approach by mixing the fullerene precursor in chloronaphthalene with different amount of sucrose using SBA-15 as a template. The characterization data reveal that the prepared materials exhibit an ordered structure with much better textural parameters than pure mesoporous fullerene. The surface properties can be controlled with the simple adjustment of the sucrose molecules in the synthesis mixture. The prepared materials are used as electrodes for supercapacitance and Li-ion battery applications. The optimized sample offers the specific capacitance of 213 F/g at 0.5 A/g which is much higher than that of activated carbon, MWCNT, ordered mesoporous carbon and mesoporous C60. The same sample also delivers the discharge capacities of 1299 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, demonstrating the best Li-ion battery performance. These data reveal the importance of carbon coating on the mesoporous fullerene for energy storage devices as it facilitates the easy electron transport between the fullerene molecules and further supports the accessibility and diffusion of the electrolytes due to high specific surface area.
Medicine in the Sport of Horse Racing
Authors: Ryan Kelly D. , Brodine Joseph , Pothast Jason , McGoldrick Adrian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHorseracing is among the most popular and increasingly lucrative industry sports in the nation. The average jockey must control a thoroughbred horse 10 times their weight that may act unpredictably whether at rest or full gallop resulting in falls, kicks, or even biting injuries. Despite the risks, jockeys do not have access to the same quality of medical care that is standard in similarly profitable sports organizations. Beyond the mental and physical demands of training and performance endured by any professional athlete, jockeys are confronted with health challenges unique to their sport. In this review of the literature, we aim to educate sports medicine physicians regarding the underlying causes of injuries, describe injury management, and make recommendations for appropriate preventive strategies. Overall, there is a void of literature, and so our authors offer expert opinion and encourage others to get involved in making this a safer sport.
Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mudatsir Mudatsir , Fajar Jonny Karunia , Wulandari Laksmi , Soegiarto Gatot , Ilmawan Muhammad , Purnamasari Yeni , Mahdi Bagus Aulia , Jayanto Galih Dwi , Suhendra Suhendra , Setianingsih Yennie Ayu , Hamdani Romi , Suseno Daniel Alexander , Agustina Kartika , Naim Hamdan Yuwafi , Muchlas Muchamad , Alluza Hamid Hunaif Dhofi , Rosida Nikma Alfi , Mayasari Mayasari , Mustofa Mustofa , Hartono Adam , Aditya Richi , Prastiwi Firman , Meku Fransiskus Xaverius , Sitio Monika , Azmy Abdullah , Santoso Anita Surya , Nugroho Radhitio Adi , Gersom Camoya , Rabaan Ali A. , Masyeni Sri , Nainu Firzan , Wagner Abram L. , Dhama Kuldeep , Harapan Harapan 
Published: September 2020

Background: The unpredictability of the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the low precision of the tools used to predict the prognosis of this disease. Objective: To identify the predictors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched and extracted as of April 5, 2020. Data of interest were collected and evaluated for their compatibility for the meta-analysis. Cumulative calculations to determine the correlation and effect estimates were performed using the Z test. Results: In total, 19 papers recording 1,934 mild and 1,644 severe cases of COVID-19 were included. Based on the initial evaluation, 62 potential risk factors were identified for the meta-analysis. Several comorbidities, including chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were observed more frequent among patients with severe COVID-19 than with the mild ones. Compared to the mild form, severe COVID-19 was associated with symptoms such as dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue, increased respiratory rate, and high systolic blood pressure. Lower levels of lymphocytes and hemoglobin; elevated levels of leukocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-sensitivity troponin, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin; and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusion: More than 30 risk factors are associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. These may serve as useful baseline parameters in the development of prediction tools for COVID-19 prognosis.
Market Design, Human Behavior, and Management
Authors: Chen Yan , Cramton Peter , List John A. , Ockenfels Axel 
Published: September 2020

We review past research and discuss future directions on how the vibrant research areas of market design and behavioral economics have influenced and will continue to impact the science and practice of management in both the private and public sectors. Using examples from various auction markets, reputation and feedback systems in online markets, matching markets in education, and labor markets, we demonstrate that combining market design theory, behavioral insights, and experimental methods can lead to fruitful implementation of superior market designs in practice. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, Special Section of Management Science: 65th Anniversary.
Performance como tradução: política e arte indígena na cidade
Authors: Albuquerque Marcos Alexandre Dos Santos 
Published: September 2020

Este artigo analisa a performance dança dos praiás como parte essencial da experiência da etnicidade vivenciada pelos Pankararu na cidade de São Paulo. Fruto da política cultural de sua associação essa performance se constituía em um ato de tradução intercultural que promovia um ato de consenso e, assim, permitia uma experiência da etnicidade particular para os Pankararu dessa cidade.
Não matarás a diferença!! “Histórias de leitura” e a experiência do espectador de obras, de Arthur Danto, vistos pela desconstrução.
Authors: Aguirre Alexandra 
Published: September 2020

“Histórias de leitura” são teorias que buscam controlar o sentido da obra ficcional, ao associá-lo à experiência idealizada do leitor; para a desconstrução, uma tentativa de interromper o processo indefinido do movimento da significação. E, é partindo destes pressupostos, que investigamos o espectador de obras, de Arthur Danto, sua experiência, artifícios, especificidade.Palavras-chave: desconstrução - experiência - espectador - leitor
Service user and carer experiences of the advanced nurse practitioner role in a memory assessment team
Authors: Greenbank Karen , Hemingway Steve , Thiyagesh Subha , Stephenson John 
Published: September 2020

Background: Advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) within memory services can support prompt diagnoses of dementia. Further understanding of the role is necessary as evidence on its effectiveness is limited. Aim: To assess service user and carer satisfaction with the ANP role within Kirklees memory assessment team. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to evaluate carer and patient perceptions of the ANP role in a local memory assessment team. The survey was developed using the Royal College of Nursing's four pillars as a structure: clinical/direct care practice, leadership and collaborative practice, improving quality and developing practice, and developing self and others. Results: One hundred and fifteen surveys were sent out, and 85 were completed, a response rate of 73.9%. Patients expressed significant satisfaction with the ANP, in particular in the areas of direct clinical practice (84%) and quality of care received (87%). Conclusion: Patients and families are highly satisfied with the service provided by the ANP. High-quality research is needed on the cost effectiveness and outcomes of ANP interventions.
Thermo-Physical Characterization of Kraft Lignin Mixed with Bio-Plasticizers: A Valorization Approach
Authors: Ramachandran Rani P. , Cenkowski Stefan , Paliwal Jitendra 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsThermo-physical characterization of two types of Kraft lignin mixed with three bio-plasticizer.Crude glycerol showed the greater depression in melting point with its increasing proportion.The acidic lignin has more tensile strength and density than the alkaline lignin.Micro-pores of the lignin pellet were minimized by adding bio-plasticizer.Abstract. Kraft lignin, a by-product of the paper industry, is well known for its binding properties, enabling its use in the production of pellets and briquettes from biomass. Different bio-plasticizers, by-products from the vegetable oil processing industry, could serve as plasticizers for biomass briquettes. The properties of three bio-plasticizers (glycerol, fatty acid, and biodiesel), when mixed with isolated Kraft lignin, were studied to identify their potential application as efficient binders for biomass briquettes. The phase transition characteristics (glass transition, pre-melting crystallization, and melting) of two types of isolated lignin samples (acidic and alkaline) and lignin-plasticizer mixtures were determined using a differential scanning calorimeter. The mechanical (tensile strength) and physical (density) characteristics of the compacted cylindrical lignin pellets were tested. The spatial distribution of micropores in the lignin pellets was studied using x-ray tomography. Even though an overlap was observed in the glass transition temperatures of the mixtures, a significant depression in the pre-melting crystallization and melting temperatures was observed for both lignin samples containing elevated concentrations of the bio-plasticizers, and the highest tensile strength was obtained for pellets with 10% bio-plasticizer. Among the three bio-plasticizers, crude glycerol showed the greatest depression in melting point with increasing proportions of both acidic lignin (60.7°C ±2°C) and alkaline lignin (85.1°C ±2°C). In general, alkaline lignin showed some limitations over acidic lignin in the tensile strength of the pellets as well as their fusion temperature, even though the addition of a bio-plasticizer improved the strength and depressed the melting point in both lignin-based samples. Keywords: Bio-plasticizer, Lignin, Mechanical properties, Microstructure, Phase transition.
Declining Soil Moisture Threatens Water Availability in the U.S. Great Plains
Authors: McDonough Kelsey R. , Hutchinson Stacy L. , Hutchinson Shawn 
Published: September 2020

HighlightsFuture water security in the U.S. Great Plains is threated by a drying trend in average annual soil moisture.Agricultural management will become increasingly challenging due to declines in surface water storage.Alternative management strategies are needed to meet future environmental and anthropogenic surface water demand.Abstract. Spatiotemporal trends in soil moisture are of considerable importance within the food-energy-water nexus. Soil moisture dictates the productivity of ecosystems, plays a major role in land-atmosphere interactions, influences climate change projections, and shapes future water security. Monitoring of long-term soil moisture trends has proven useful for managing water resource allocation and developing solutions to global water security challenges. Thus, we examine annual trends in surface soil moisture throughout the U.S. Great Plains region from 1987 to 2016 using data from NASA’s observation-driven SPoRT-LIS land surface model at 3 km resolution. Results reveal a drying trend in soil moisture for a majority of the U.S. Great Plains, although wetter conditions have been realized in the northernmost region of the Missouri River basin. These results, when coupled with climate change-driven increases in temperature and evapotranspiration, will inevitably drive baseline soil moisture to drier conditions in the future. Under drying soil moisture conditions, future agricultural production and water resource management in the U.S. Great Plains will become increasingly complicated, thereby threatening future food and water security. However, these results can be applied to inform and improve climate change adaptation strategies in order to ensure adequate volumes of freshwater to meet future human and environmental water demand. Keywords: Climate change, SPoRT-LIS, Trend analysis, Water security.