bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CELLULOSE MATERIALS MODIFIED BY SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND THE STUDY OF THEIR ANTIBACTE-RIAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Tausarova Bijamal Raimovna , Rakhimova Saule Maratovna 
Published: August 2020

The article discusses a method for producing silver nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solutions by reducing sodium borohydride in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol; selected optimal conditions for the synthesis. The resulting silver NPs have a spherical shape, with a diameter of from 30 to 130 nm. NPs are stable, do not precipitate and do not change color for 3–4 weeks. Electron microscopic images confirm the formation of a thin polymer film on the surface of cellulose fiber and show a change in the morphological surface of the treated samples compared to untreated ones. The energy dispersive microanalysis data showed that the raw cotton fabric contains C – 57.02%, O – 42.98%. After processing, nanoscale particles of silver are encapsulated on the surface of the fabric – 0.18–0.28%, which are distributed rather unevenly. Modification of cellulosic textile materials of silver NPs imparts a stable antimicrobial effect , as well as improves their physico-mechanical and hygienic properties. The air permeability indicators for cotton original fabric 180 dm3/m2×sec., For the treated composition based on polyvinyl alcohol, NaBH4, and silver nitrate – 175 dm3/m2×sec. The breaking load of the fabric is: for the initial – 311 N, for treated – within 320–360 N. The indicators of air permeability and strength characteristics of cotton fabric treated with the proposed composition comply with the regulatory requirements for this group of fabrics.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF HINDERED PHENOLIC DERIVATIVES OF FLAX CELLULOSE
Authors: Bukharov Sergey Vladimirovich , Sadykova Yuliya Maskhutovna , Umarov Timur Erkinovich , Burilov Aleksandr Romanovich , Nugumanova Gul'nara Nailovna , Momzyakova Kseniya Sergeyevna , Deberdeev Timur Rustamovich , Deberdeev Rustam Yakubovich 
Published: August 2020

The modification of powdered ultradisperse cellulose by hindered phenol fragments was carried out. The modification was carried out by reacting cellulose tosylate with 3-(3',5'-ditert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid hydrazide and 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl dimethylamine in DMF at 100 ○C for 16–30 hours. Samples of modified cellulose were characterized by spectroscopy IR and 1H NMR. From the of elemental analysis data, the degree of substitution of cellulose derivatives by hindered phenol units was calculated. The antiradical activity of the obtained samples in their reactions with a stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined. The reactions of modified cellulose with DPPH were carried out under the pseudo first-order conditions with respect to the radical. From the values of the effective constants, the second-order rate constants were calculated. It was established that the modification of cellulose by hindered phenol fragments leads to a sharp increase in its antiradical activity, which depends on the degree of substitution of the sample and the method of substitution. The difference in the activity of hydrazide and benzyl derivatives of cellulose may indicate their different spatial structure, resulting in different availability of phenol fragments. The antiradical activity of the hydrazide derivative of cellulose exceeds that of the antioxidant Ionol (2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol).
FLAVONOIDS OF POPULUS BALSAMIFERA L. BUDS AND METHODS FOR THEIR ISOLATION
Authors: Adekenov Sergazy Mynzhasarovich , Baysarov Gabiden Maratovich , Khabarov Il'ya Anatol'yevich , Polyakov Vladilen Vasil'yevich 
Published: August 2020

The buds of Populus balsamifera L. are a source of biologically active compounds, among which flavonoids are considered major. The aim of our study is to determine the optimal method for extraction by barothermal method, ethanol and supercritical carbon dioxide, isolation and purification of flavonoid components of Populus balsamifera L. buds. The article presents the results of a study of barothermic, alcohol extraction and extraction by liquid carbon dioxide of the raw materials of the Populus balsamifera L. buds. All three methods allow the extraction of biologically active flavonoids. Moreover, the completeness of the extraction of the flavonoids of the Populus balsamifera L. buds is achieved by the barothermic method. In turn, the extraction by liquid carbon dioxide allows the targeted extraction of pinostrobin with a high content in sum of Populus balsamifera L. buds substances. During chromatographic separation using petroleum ether : ethyl acetate as eluents, yield of flavonoids pinostrobin, tectochrysine, pinocembrin and chrysin is comparatively higher than when using other systems as eluents. Thus, for the preparative production of biologically active flavonoids pinostrobin, tectochrysine, pinocembrin and chrysin, we have determined the optimal conditions for extraction by the barothermic method and chromatographic separation of the sum of substances of Populus balsamifera L. buds.
The Role of Perceived Authenticity in Psychological Recovery from Collective Trauma
Authors: Maffly-Kipp Joseph , Flanagan Patricia , Kim Jinhyung , Schlegel Rebecca J. , Vess Matthew , Hicks Joshua A. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Previous research demonstrates that perceived authenticity is positively associated with psychological health and security in the face of threats. The current research extends this work by testing whether perceived authenticity promotes recovery from the negative mental health consequences of collective trauma (e.g., a natural disaster).Methods: We recruited a sample of undergraduates (N = 570), many of whom reported direct or indirect exposure to Hurricane Harvey, to complete surveys at two time points. We assessed exposure to the disaster, acute stress, post-traumatic stress, coping, and authenticity twice, once approximately 1 month after Hurricane Harvey (Time 1) and again approximately 9 weeks after Hurricane Harvey (Time 2).Results: We employed multilevel modelling to explore whether authenticity would aid in recovery from collective trauma. Results showed that perceived authentic living at Time 1 predicted a variety of indicators of stress related to the hurricane at Time 2. Specifically, those participants who reported low authentic living at Time 1 reported greater levels of stress at Time 2, compared to individuals who reported higher levels of authentic living. Importantly, these effects remained even when controlling for known predictors of stress (e.g., levels of stress at Time 1 and coping strategies).Discussion: Findings provide preliminary insight into authenticity as a part of a likely larger network of interrelated psychosocial qualities that have the potential to help one navigate recovery from trauma.
Green Apple e-Cigarette Flavorant Farnesene Triggers Reward-Related Behavior by Promoting High-Sensitivity nAChRs in the Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Cooper Skylar Y. , Akers Austin T. , Henderson Brandon J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile combustible cigarette smoking has declined, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased. ENDS are popular among adolescents, and chemical flavorants are an increasing concern because of the growing use of zero-nicotine flavored e-liquids. Despite this, little is known regarding the effects of ENDS flavorants on vaping-related behavior. Following previous studies demonstrating the green apple flavorant, farnesol, enhances nicotine reward and exhibits rewarding properties without nicotine, this work focuses on the green apple flavorant, farnesene, for its impact on vaping-related behaviors. Using adult C57BL/6J mice, genetically modified to contain fluorescent nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), and farnesene doses of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg, we observed farnesene-alone produces reward-related behavior in both male and female mice. We then performed whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology and observed farnesene-induced inward currents in ventral tegmental area (VTA) putative dopamine (pDA) neurons that were blocked by the nAChR antagonist, DhβE. While the amplitudes of farnesene-induced currents are ∼30% of nicotine’s efficacy, this indicates the potential for some ENDS flavorants to stimulate nAChR function. Additionally, farnesene enhances nicotine’s potency for activating nAChRs on VTA dopamine neurons. This may be because of changes in nAChR stoichiometry as our data suggest a shift toward high-sensitivity α4β2 nAChRs. Consequently, these data show that the green apple flavorant, farnesene, causes reward-related behavior without nicotine through changes in nAChR stoichiometry that results in an enhanced effect of nicotine on VTA dopamine neurons. These results demonstrate the importance of future investigations into ENDS flavorants and their effects on vaping-related behaviors.
Differential Modulation of Ventral Tegmental Area Circuits by the Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ System
Authors: Driscoll Joseph R. , Wallace Tanya L. , Mansourian Kasra A. , Martin William J. , Margolis Elyssa B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe neuropeptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) can be released by stressors and is associated with disorders of emotion regulation and reward processing. N/OFQ and its receptor, NOP, are enriched in dopaminergic pathways, and intra-ventricular agonist delivery decreases dopamine levels in the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA). We used whole-cell electrophysiology in acute rat midbrain slices to investigate synaptic actions of N/OFQ. N/OFQ was primarily inhibitory, causing outward currents in both immunocytochemically identified dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH(+))) and non-dopaminergic (TH(–)) VTA neurons; effect at 1 μm: 20 ± 4 pA. Surprisingly, this effect was mediated by augmentation of postsynaptic GABAAR currents, unlike the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), where the N/OFQ-induced outward currents were K+channel dependent. A smaller population, 17% of all VTA neurons, responded to low concentrations of N/OFQ with inward currents (10 nm: −11 ± 2 pA). Following 100 nmN/OFQ, the response to a second N/OFQ application was markedly diminished in VTA neurons (14 ± 10% of first response) but not in SNc neurons (90 ± 20% of first response). N/OFQ generated outward currents in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-projecting VTA neurons, but inward currents in a subset of posterior anterior cingulate cortex (pACC)-projecting VTA neurons. While N/OFQ inhibited NAc-projecting VTA cell bodies, it had little effect on electrically or optogenetically evoked terminal dopamine release in the NAc measuredex vivowith fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV). These results extend our understanding of the N/OFQ system in brainstem circuits implicated in many neurobehavioral disorders.
Potential relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and proficiency in grammar among tertiary EFL learners
Authors: Kholili Achmad 
Published: August 2020

A multitude of studies on self-efficacy beliefs have been undertaken to date, especially in language learning. However, little evidence is given on looking into the relationship between self-efficacy and English grammar. To this end, the present study goes about identifying to what extent the correlation between learners’ self-efficacy and their achievements in the grammar test is. Drawing on the correlational design, an English grammar test was administered to the learners to know the learners’ acquaintance with the English grammar. Meanwhile, a self-efficacy questionnaire was performed by the researcher to the learners to figure out to what extent their efficaciousness is. A Pearson-product moment correlation was performed to analyze the relationship between such variables. The result demonstrates that there is a high positive significant correlation between learners’ self-efficacy and their attainments in the grammar test, displayed by r Correlation = +1. This finding brings a recent insight in the field of language learning.
English teachers’ methods in teaching reading comprehension of procedure text
Authors: Yusmalinda Akidatul , Astuti Puji 
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on English teachers’ methods in teaching reading comprehension of procedure text. The main purpose of this study is to describe the methods used by English teachers and reveal the strengths and weaknesses of those methods used for teaching reading comprehension of procedure texts. The research was a qualitative case study. The participants of this research were two English teachers at one of junior high schools in Semarang in the academic year of 2019/2020. In collecting data, several data collection instruments were used, including: interview, observation guideline and document analysis checklist. The findings showed that English teachers planned the teaching materials and strategies in advance. They also used various methods in teaching reading of procedure text. Both teachers almost used the same methods which were audio-visual method, scaffolding, grammar-translation method, and project-based learning. The difference was in the step of the strategy implementation. In addition, the findings showed that the most appropriate method in teaching reading comprehension was grammar-translation method since it helped students comprehend the procedure text. There were several students who still had a hard time following the lessons. Teachers are supposed to make sure that all students have understood the whole text or not and they should observe the students’ situation and needs so that the teaching and learning is contextual.
Leadership Strategy of State University Public Service Agency to Increasing Organizational Performance in Indonesia
Authors: Jimad Habibullah , Maarif M. Syamsul , Affandi M. Joko , Sukmawati Anggarini 
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the leadership strategy of the State University Public Service Agency in improving the performance of institutions in Indonesia. The study was conducted at three State University Public Service Agency in Indonesia on regional considerations and ranking of State University Public Service Agency institutions version of The Ministry of Research, Technology and State University (MoRHE) for 2015-2017, namely the University of Lampung (West Region), Sebeles Maret University (Central Region) and Gorontalo State University (Eastern Region). Leadership strategy as an effort to improve the performance of institutions of State University Public Service Agency involves twelve experts, namely the highest leader (Rector), Vice Rector, Dean and Chair of the Institute for at least one period (four years). Development of strategies using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Leadership strategy of State University Public Service Agency can be implemented by integrating the leader selection system, leadership development and leadership performance evaluation. The performance measures include graduate quality, publication quality, innovation quality, student quality and service quality.
Etiology of severe short stature below −3 SDS in a screened Finnish population
Authors: Kärkinen Juho , Miettinen Päivi J , Raivio Taneli , Hero Matti 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
To describe the etiology of severe short stature in the Helsinki University Hospital district covering a population of 1.2 million that is subject to frequent growth monitoring and screening rules during childhood.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
We identified all subjects born 1990 or later with a height SD score <−3, after the age of 3 years, from the Helsinki University Hospital district growth database. A total of 785 subjects (376 females and 409 males) fulfilled our inclusion criteria; we reviewed their medical records and growth data and report their underlying diagnoses.

Results:
A pathological cause for short stature was diagnosed in 76% of the girls and 71% of the boys (P = NS). Syndromes were the most numerous pathological cause (n = 160; 20%), followed by organ disorders (n = 127; 16%), growth hormone deficiency (GHD, n = 94; 12%), SGA without catch-up growth (n = 73; 9%), and skeletal dysplasias (n = 57; 7%). Idiopathic short stature (ISS) was diagnosed in 210 (27%) subjects. The probability of growth-related pathology, particularly of a syndrome or skeletal dysplasia, increased with the shorter height SD score and the greater deviation from the target height. Sitting height to height SDS was increased in subjects with ISS, GHD, and SGA (all P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Height <−3 SDS after 3 years of age usually results from a pathological cause and should be thoroughly investigated in specialized health care. The chance of finding a specific etiology increased with the severity of short stature, and the mismatch with target height.
Reducing Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care for Respiratory Illness
Authors: Kronman Matthew P. , Gerber Jeffrey S. , Grundmeier Robert W. , Zhou Chuan , Robinson Jeffrey D. , Heritage John , Stout James , Burges Dennis , Hedrick Benjamin , Warren Louise , Shalowitz Madeleine , Shone Laura P. , Steffes Jennifer , Wright Margaret , Fiks Alexander G. , Mangione-Smith Rita 
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:
One-third of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are inappropriate. We evaluated a distance learning program’s effectiveness for reducing outpatient antibiotic prescribing for ARTI visits.

METHODS:
In this stepped-wedge clinical trial run from November 2015 to June 2018, we randomly assigned 19 pediatric practices belonging to the Pediatric Research in Office Settings Network or the NorthShore University HealthSystem to 4 wedges. Visits for acute otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory infection for children 6 months to &lt;11 years old without recent antibiotic use were included. Clinicians received the intervention as 3 program modules containing online tutorials and webinars on evidence-based communication strategies and antibioti c prescribing, booster video vignettes, and individualized antibiotic prescribing feedback reports over 11 months. The primary outcome was overall antibiotic prescribing rates for all ARTI visits. Mixed-effects logistic regression compared prescribing rates during each program module and a postintervention period to a baseline control period. Odds ratios were converted to adjusted rate ratios (aRRs) for interpretability.

RESULTS:
Among 72 723 ARTI visits by 29 762 patients, intention-to-treat analyses revealed a 7% decrease in the probability of antibiotic prescribing for ARTI overall between the baseline and postintervention periods (aRR 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90–0.96). Second-line antibiotic prescribing decreased for streptococcal pharyngitis (aRR 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.87) and sinusitis (aRR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44–0.77) but not for acute otitis media (aRR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.83–1.03). Any antibiotic prescribing decreased for viral ARTIs (aRR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.51–0.70).

CONCLUSIONS:
This program reduced antibiotic prescribing during outpatient ARTI visits; broader dissemination may be beneficial.
A simple in situ synthesis of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles embedded in thermosensitive polymer for DNA capture
Authors: Hossain Sadia , Rahman Mahbubor , Nahar Yeasmin , Rahman Abdur , Sharafat Mostafa Kaiyum , Hossain Motahar , Ochiai Bungo , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Ahmad Hasan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
El rol femenino en el mercado laboral y el desempleo en Colombia
Authors: Cataño Cadavid Kathleen , Diaz Gonzalez Natalia , Rodriguez Torres Julieth 
Published: August 2020

<br /><p class="p2"><span class="s1"> </span>En el presente artículo trabajamos respecto al desempleo que presentan las mujeres en Colombia, y en cuáles ciudades es más evidente este fenómeno, gracias a una serie de aspectos que hoy en día se siguen manteniendo. Se realiza una investigación de tipo cualitativo con el fin conocer cuál es la realidad que afrontan las mujeres en el mercado laboral colombiano.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p2">Además, se evidencia la falta de oportunidades laborales debido al hecho de ser mujer y la desigualdad que hay por ello, ya que terminan convirtiéndose en un costo a largo plazo para las empresas, en dado caso de quedar en embarazo. Sin olvidar que el estado civil también se convierte en un factor determinante a la hora de la contratación del personal femenino dentro de las organizaciones y la diferencia salarial que se mantiene por solo ser mujer.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
Inestabilidad laboral: el impacto del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia
Authors: Sabogal Rodríguez Andrés Felipe , Fajardo Cosma Daniel Esteban , Ortegón Cañón Julián Danilo , Venegas Camargo Allynson 
Published: August 2020

<p class="p1">El presente artículo expone las principales situaciones que afectan directamente al sector laboral colombiano, específicamente en la inestabilidad que existe actualmente, una problemática que inquieta significativamente a la calidad de vida de los trabajadores y sus familias, mediante el análisis de las diferentes posturas que se encuentran entorno a esta problemática, con el fin de determinar cómo incide el desplazamiento forzoso en el mercado laborar y por consiguiente en la economía del país.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p><p class="p1">Se investiga a profundidad básicamente preguntándonos ¿quiénes? ¿cómo? Y ¿por qué? Son actores responsables y de qué manera lo han hecho, de alguna forma el objetivo de este documento argumentativo, radica en identificar cuáles son las razones por las cuales existe una inestabilidad laboral y cómo ha evolucionado al pasar de los días, a su vez, basados en datos estadísticos nacionales y juicios de valor fundamentados, ofrecemos nuestra tesis que puede ser observada y analizada por el lector, para que cree el mismo su posición como un actor social activo que contribuye al fortalecimiento de la sociedad.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
OCORRÊNCIA DE INFECÇÃO E MORTALIDADE POR COVID-19 EM RESIDENCIAIS PARA IDOSOS NO BRASIL
Authors: Wachholz Patrick Alexander , Moreira Virgilio Garcia , Oliveira Déborah , Watanabe Helena Akemi Wada , Villas Boas Paulo José Fortes 
Published: August 2020

Introdução: As taxas de mortalidade pela COVID-19 em idosos que vivem em Residenciais de Cuidado de Longa Duração (RCLD) chegam a 80% em alguns países. No Brasil, pouco se conhece sobre a incidência e mortalidade nesta população.
Objetivo: Descrever a ocorrência da infecção e mortalidade por COVID-19 em RCLD para idosos no Brasil.
Metodologia: Estudo transversal e descritivo com uso de fontes primárias e secundárias e amostragem não probabilística. Entre abril e junho de 2020, por meio de um questionário eletrônico, administradores de RCLD de todo o Brasil foram convidados a informar a ocorrência de infecção e mortalidade de residentes por COVID-19. Além disso, foi realizada busca ativa de dados junto aos serviços do Ministério Público Estadual, Secretarias de Saúde e Sistema Único de Assistência Social. Os dados foram analisados através de estatística descritiva
Resultados: Foram analisadas as informações de 1,802 RCLD de 11 estados, onde residiam 42,216 idosos. A taxa de incidência de COVID-19 foi de 6,14%. Foram registrados no período 458 óbitos, com uma taxa de letalidade de 17,65%.
Conclusão: A incidência e letalidade observados neste estudo foram menores do que as taxas observadas em outros países. Entretanto, dadas as limitações quanto a coleta de informações e outras barreiras para o estudo, novas fontes estruturadas de dados são fundamentais para o conhecimento da propagação do vírus nos RCLD no país.