bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using Infant Testing during Immunization to Estimate Mother-to-Child-Transmission Rates in Zambia
Authors: Simbaya Joseph , Funjika Patricia , Moonga Arthur , Mwale John , Kankasa Chipepo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study piloted the feasibility of infant testing in immunization services as a strategy for estimating MTCT rates among the population of HIV exposed infants at national and sub-national levels in Zambia. Methods: The study recruited a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of 8,042 caregiver-baby pairs in 38 high volume immunization sites in 7 towns across 3 provinces of Zambia. All mothers who brought their children below the age of one year for immunization at the study facilities were invited to participate in the study. All consenting mothers were interviewed and blood drawn from their babies for; rapid HIV antibody test to determine exposure and DNA PCR test for samples of all HIV-exposed babies to determine HIV infection. Results: Of 8,042 recruited caregiver-baby pairs, 1,407 (17.5percent of all mothers of HIV exposed infants reported that they attended ANC visits more than two times and facility based deliveries stood at 92 percent. Exclusive breastfeeding among HIV exposed infants reduced with increase in age of infant; it was highest at 6 weeks (82 %) followed by 10 weeks (74 %), 14 weeks (74 %) and 9 months (4 %). MTCT rates were relatively lower than what was reported before in subnational studies and stood at 4.94 percent among Penta 1 seekers, 3.08 percent among Penta 2 seekers, 2.63 percent among Penta 3 seekers and 5.15 percent among Measles vaccination seekers. The overall MTCT rate stood at 4.05 percent. About 46 percent of HIV positive babies were male compared to 54 percent females. Babies of mothers below the age of 25 years accounted almost half (47 %) of all HIV infected babies in the study. Reported exclusive breastfeeding among HIV positive babies was 79 percent for Penta 1 seekers, 78 percent for Penta 2 seekers and 100 percent for Penta 3 seekers. Conclusion: The study succeeded in estimating the MTCT rates using infant testing in immunization services, thereby demonstrating that it is feasible to use routine infant testing in immunization services as a strategy for estimating MTCT rates among the population of HIV-exposed infants in Zambia.
Decoding the RNA viromes of rodent lungs provides new visions into the origin and evolution pattern of rodent-borne diseases in Mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Han Yelin , Liu Bo , Li Hongying , Zhu Guangjian , Latinne Alice , Dong Jie , Sun Lilin , Du Jiang , Zhou Siyu , Chen Mingxing , Kritiyakan Anamika , Jittapalapong Sathaporn , Chaisiri Kittipong , Buchy Phillipe , Duong Veasna , Yang Jian , Jiang Jinyong , Xu Xiang , Zhou Hongning , Yang Fan , Morand Serge , Daszak Peter , Jin Qi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND As the largest group of mammalian species widely distributed all over the world, rodents are the natural reservoirs of diverse zoonotic viruses. Comprehensive understanding of the core virome in diverse rodent species could therefore assist efforts to predict and reduce the risk of future emergence or re-emergence of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens. RESULTS This study aimed to describe the viral range detected in rodent lungs in Mainland Southeast Asia. Lung samples were collected from 3,284 rodents and insectivores of the orders Rodentia , Soricomorpha , Scandentia , and Erinaceomorpha in eighteen provinces of Thailand, Lao PDR, and Cambodia throughout 2006-2018. Meta-transcriptomic analysis was used to outline the unique spectral characteristics of mammalian viruses within lungs and the ecological and genetic imprints of novel viruses. Further analysis revealed that the viral circulation in lungs is vastly different from those of throat and anal swabs reported previously. Many mammal or arthropod related viruses with distinct evolutionary lineages were reported for the first time in these species, and viruses related to known pathogens were characterized for their genetic characters, host species, and locations. CONCLUSIONS These results expand our understanding of the core viromes of rodents and insectivores in Mainland Southeast Asia and suggest that a high diversity of viruses remain undiscovered in this area. These findings, combined with our previous virome data from China, increase our knowledge of the viral community in wildlife and arthropod vectors in emerging disease hotspots of East and Southeast Asia.
Studying the dynamics of the gut microbiota using metabolically stable isotopic labeling and metaproteomics.
Authors: Smyth Patrick , Zhang Xu , Ning Zhibin , Mayne Janice , Moore Jasmine I. , Walker Krystal , Lavallée-Adam Mathieu , Figeys Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome and its metabolic processes are dynamic systems. Surprisingly, our understanding of gut microbiome dynamics is limited. Here we report a metaproteomic workflow that involves protein stable isotope probing (protein-SIP) and identification and quantification of partially labeled peptides. We also developed a package, which we call MetaProfiler, that corrects for false identifications and performs phylogenetic and time series analysis for the study of gut microbiome functional dynamics. Results: From the stool sample of five mice that were fed with \ensuremath{^{15}}N hydrolysate from \textit{Ralstonia eutropha}, we identified 15,297 non-redundant unlabeled peptides of which 10,839 of their heavy counterparts were quantified. These peptides revealed incorporation profiles over time that were different between and within taxa, as well as between and within clusters of orthologous groups (COGs). Conclusions: Our study helps unravel the complex dynamics of protein synthesis and bacterial dynamics in the mouse microbiome. Availability: MetaProfiler and the bioinformatic pipeline are available at https://github.com/psmyth94/MetaProfiler.git.
Responses of bryophyte diversity, community and Chlorophyll content to rocky desertification succession
Authors: Li Yujie , Cheng Cai , Long Mingzhong , Gao Min , Zhang Yuandong , Li Xiaona 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background : bryophytes have great potential for the restoration of rocky desertification. At present, research on the correlation between bryophytes and the rocky desertification environment is in its infancy, and basic questions about the ecological response of bryophytes to rocky desertification, including biodiversity, community succession, interspecific relationships and photosynthetic physiology need to be answered urgently.Results : results showed that significant differences in diversity, interspecific association and chlorophyll characteristics were observed among different degrees of rocky desertification. With the increase of rocky desertification degrees, the biodiversity of bryophytes decreases obviously, and the bryophytes which drought tolerance gradually dominates in communities. The interspecific association tend to be positive in rocky desertification succession, and positive association will be beneficial to the positive development of vegetation communities. Some bryophytes can adapt to the rocky desertification environment by reducing chlorophyll content and increasing chlorophyll a/b ratios that is beneficial to light trapping. Conclusions : With the increase in rocky desertification, the biodiversity of bryophytes decreased obviously, and bryophytes with drought tolerance gradually dominated in the communities. The interspecific association tended to be positive in rocky desertification succession, and a positive association will be beneficial to the positive development of vegetation communities. Some bryophytes adapted to the rocky desertification environment by reducing their chlorophyll content and increasing their chlorophyll a/b ratios, which are beneficial for light trapping. The results of this study are useful for the management of desertified karst ecosystems.
Factors Influencing on Utilization of Primary Health Care for Internal Elderly Migrants in China: The Role of Social Contacts
Authors: Lin Yanwei , Chu Chengjing , Chen Qin , Xiao Junhui , Wan Chonghua 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the influencing factors of the utilization of primary health care from the perspective of social contact among internal elderly migrants in China to provide further insights that might promote their utilization of primary health care. Methods: 1544 internal elderly migrants in eight cities participated in the survey. Whether to participate in the free health checkup organized by community health service institutions in the past year was adopted as an indicator of the utilization of primary health care, number of local friends and exercise time per day were measured for social contact. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to understand the association of the variables with the likelihood of using community health services. Results: Internal elderly migrants who had more social contact were more inclined to use primary health care. Conclusion: The role of the community should be expanded, such as creating community-based promotions targeting internal elderly migrants or designing social or sports activities tailored to increase the opportunity for contact between local elders and internal elderly migrants.
An efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst of phosphorous carbon co-doped MOFs
Authors: Du Li , Lv Mengyuan , Liu Dandan , Song Huiyu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It is eager to develop high-performance and cheap bifunctional electrochemical catalysts for both of the ORR or OER for the energy crisis and environmental problems. Herein, we report a series of ZIF-derived Co-P-C co-doped polyhedral materials with a well-defined morphology. The optimized catalyst Co/P/MOFs-CNTs-700 exhibited favorable electrochemical activities with the lowest over potential of 420 mV to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm -2 for OER and the half potential of 0.8 V for ORR in 0.1 M NaOH. The performance can be well improved by doping phosphorous resource which greatly changed its morphology. Meanwhile, the doped carbon resources also improve the conductivity, which makes it a promising bifunctional electrochemical catalyst and can be comparable with the commercial electrocatalysts.
Acute and Subacute Effects of Irreversible Electroporation on Normal Common Bile Ducts in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Li Qingshan , Ren Fenggang , Zhang YuChi , Chang Pengkang , Wang Yue , Ma Tao , Hu Liangshuo , Wu Rongqian , Wang Bo , Lv Yi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) on normal common bile ducts (CBDs) in a rabbit model.

Methods

Cell susceptibility to IRE was assessed in vitro with cholangiocarcinoma and normal cell lines at varying voltages. The distributions of electric field and temperature were evaluated with a two-dimensional simulation model of common bile duct. In vivo bile duct IRE ablation was performed in 28 adult New Zealand rabbits. Liver function assessments and cholangiography were performed post-IRE to evaluate biliary complications. The biliary tract was extracted en bloc and histopathological analyses were performed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson trichrome (MT) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay.

Results

Different cells showed different susceptibility to the effect of IRE, cancer cell line HUCC-T1 was the least sensitive to IRE. Simulations predicted the distributions of electric field and temperature during IRE process, and the maximum temperature of tissue was below 43°C. In all animals, biliary dilatation and stricture were observed in 4/28 animals respectively by postoperative days 7, 14, and 28. H&E staining revealed complete cell death with inflammatory infiltration, edema, and hemorrhage. Bile duct epithelial recovery was completed between post-IRE days 7–28.

Conclusions

The normal CBD retains the lumen wall integrity and function following IRE with immediate periductal placement of the electrode. However, the parameters of cholangiocarcinoma IRE ablation need to be determined more precisely to ensure the treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of collateral damage.
The protective role of Deferoxamine in the prevention of hepatic fibrosis in children treated with Doxorubicin: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bordbar Mohammadreza , Fathpour Gholamreza , Dehghani Seyed Mohsen , Haghpanah Sezaneh , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Fattahi Mohammadreza , Shahriari Mahdi , Shakibazad Nader 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Hepatic fibrosis is an ominous sign which may follow treatment with Doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy. The aim of this study was investigating the protective effect of Deferoxamine (DFO) against hepatic fibrosis in treatment-naïve pediatric cancer patients. Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 61 treatment-naïve children (2-18 years) with different types of cancer who referred to a tertiary teaching hospital in South of Iran were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups; group 1 (control, n=21), group 2 (DFO 10 times DOX dose, n=20), group 3 (DFO 50mg/kg, n=20). DFO was administered as an 8-hour continuous intravenous infusion during and after DOX infusion in each chemotherapy cycle. Non-invasive serum markers of liver fibrosis including APRI, FIB-4 score and Fibro Test were measured in each individual. Besides, hepatic Fibro Scan was used after the last course of chemotherapy to estimate fibrosis degree. Results: Fifty-six patients were analyzed. Alanine aminotransferase was mildly increased in the treatment groups compared to pre-treatment. Treatment with DFO 10 times DOX dose was associated with significant decline in post-treatment APRI (adjusted odds ratio 0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.03- 0.84). METAVIR fibro scores were in the F0-F1 zone in all participants, and the results were comparable in the study groups. No adverse drug effect was reported in the treatment groups. Conclusion: DOX may not lead to severe liver fibrosis if the maximum allowed cumulative dose is not exceeded. DFO at the dose of 10 times of DOX dose may have a potential protective role against liver fibrosis. Larger multi-center studies with longer follow up are warranted to further assess this issue.
Clinical outcomes after total pancreatectomy for malignant neoplasms; a single center retrospective study of 26 cases
Authors: Hayama Satoshi , Ambo Yoshiyasu , Takeuchi Shintaro , Takada Minoru , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kashimura Nobuichi , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Total pancreatectomy (TP) used to be applied for pancreatic cancer to obtain better oncological clearance or to avoid pancreatic fistulae, but indications have changed. The aim of this study was to clarify recent disease indications and outcomes for this procedure. Methods: A total of 26 patients who underwent one-stage surgery (n=11) or two-stage surgery (n=15) were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The postoperative morbidity rate was 26.9%, but no postoperative mortality was encountered. Twenty-two patients had multiple diseases, including intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) -associated tumors in 12 and de novo pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) in 5. Significantly more T3/T4 and stage III/IV tumors were included in the de novo PDAC group than in the IPMN-associated tumor group (T3/T4: 70% vs. 16.7%, p=0.002; stage III/IV: 100% vs. 33.3%, p=0.012). Two-year survival rates were lower in the de novo PDAC group (20%) than in the IPMN-associated tumor group (68.8%, p=0.041). Conclusions: TP can be performed safely with low mortality and acceptable morbidity. Our study revealed that the most frequent indication for TP was multiple diseases, and the two main cohorts involved different malignancies: IPMN-associated tumors; and de novo PDAC.
The Influence of Male Erectile Function on Female Sexual Function: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Infertile Couples
Authors: Tang Dongdong , Wang Qiushuang , Jin Zonglan , Xu Chuan , Geng Hao , Zhang Xiansheng , Cao Yunxia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Infertility has a negative effect on sexual function in involuntarily childless couples, but the influence of male erectile function on their partner’s sexual function in this special population was unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to explore the influence of male erectile function on their partner’s sexual function in Chinese infertile couples. Methods This cross-sectional research was conducted at the first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University (Hefei, China) between January and December in 2019. 324 consecutive couples with infertility attending the Reproductive Medicine Center and 326 female-age-matched couples without infertility from the Physical Examination Center were enrolled in this study. The sexual function of the female was assessed by sexual history and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), etc. And their partners’ sexual function was assessed by sexual history, International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15), self-reported intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT), etc. Demographics (age, educational status, smoking, drinking, monthly income, type of infertility, etc.) and status of depression assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were also recorded. Results Infertile women have a higher proportion of sexual dysfunction than females without infertility (58.6% vs. 50.3%, χ 2 =4.552, P=0.033). Sexual frequency, depression status and partner’s erectile dysfunction (ED) are independent risk factors for FSD (ED: β =0.909; OR=2.481;95% CI [1.361–4.526]; P = 0.003). Furthermore, the total score of FSFI is positively correlated to the IIEF-15 score of partners ( r =0.347, P <0.001). The majority of six domains of FSFI are also correlated to the five domains of the IIEF-15 ( P <0.05). Conclusions Male’s erectile function is closely related to his partner’s sexual function in Chinese infertile couples. So it is important to assess sexual dysfunction in infertile couples as a whole, and sexual concerns of couples should be assessed and addressed in this special population.
Initiation and persistence of health risk behaviors through adolescence: longitudinal findings from urban South Africa
Authors: Kowalski Alysse , Addo O. Yaw , Kramer Michael R , Martorell Reynaldo , Norris Shane A , Waford Rachel N , Richter Linda M , Stein Aryeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Little is known about longitudinal patterns of adolescent health risk behavior initiation and persistence in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Birth to Twenty Plus is a longitudinal birth cohort in Soweto-Johannesburg, South Africa. We used reports from Black African participants on smoking, alcohol, cannabis, illicit drugs, and sexual activity and on adolescent pregnancy collected over 7 study visits between ages 11 and 18 y. We fit Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate behavior initiation or adolescent pregnancy, examined current behavior at age 18 y by age of initiation, and performed a clustering analysis to identify patterns of initiation and their sociodemographic predictors. Results: By age 13 y, cumulative incidence of smoking and alcohol initiation were each >21%, while the cumulative incidence of other behaviors and adolescent pregnancy were <5%. By age 18 y, smoking, alcohol, and sexual activity initiation estimates were each >65%, cannabis (age 15 y) and illicit drug initiation were each >16%; adolescent pregnancy was 31%. At both ages, rates of initiation were higher among males. At age 18 y, current risk behavior activity was lower than lifetime activity and generally unrelated to age of initiation. We identified three clusters reflecting low, moderate, and high-risk patterns of risk behavior initiation. One-third of males and 17% of females were assigned to the high-risk cluster. Sociodemographic factors were not associated with cluster membership. Conclusions: Among urban dwelling Black South Africans, risk behavior experimentation across adolescence is common and clusters into distinct initiation patterns unrelated to the sociodemographic factors assessed. Understanding patterns of risk behavior initiation has implications for the timing of primary and secondary public health interventions and supports integrated prevention efforts that consider multiple behaviors simultaneously.
Acupuncture improves white matter perfusion and white matter integrity in vascular dementia rats: an MRI-based imaging study
Authors: Ma Siming , Wang Lu , Su Xin-Tong , Huang Jin , Lin Lu-Lu , Shao Jia-Kai , Yang Jing-Wen , Liu Cun-Zhi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: White matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) are common pathological changes, and are associated with cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VaD). It has been reported that acupuncture can improve cognitive deficits of VaD rats through increasing cortical cerebral blood flow and attenuating neuroinflammation. However, the effects of acupuncture on white matter perfusion and white matter structural integrity have been not investigated. Methods: VaD was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) in Wistar rats. Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluated the spatial learning and memory of rats. Arterial spin labeling imaging (ASL) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed to measure the cerebral blood flow and white matter integrity in corpus callosum, external capsule, internal capsule, optic nerve and optic tract. Pathological staining was also applied to detect the myelin loss and neuroinflammation. Results: BCCAO rats with declined cerebral blood flow exhibited significant worse MWM performance, and altered DTI parameters including decreased fractional anisotropy, elevated radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity in white matter regions. After acupuncture treatment at GV20 and ST36, cognitive dysfunction, disruption of white matter perfusion and integrity were reversed. Pathological results supported that acupuncture could attenuate the loss of myelin sheath and microglia activation. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that acupuncture treatment protects cognitive impairment of BCCAO rats through increasing subcortical white matter perfusion and improving white matter lesions. Keywords: Acupuncture; ASL; DTI; cerebral blood flow; white matter; microglia activation
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis induced in mice by active immunization with peptides of the amino-terminal domain of the GluN1 subunit
Authors: Ding Yuewen , Zhou Zheye , Chen Jinyu , Peng Yu , Wang Haitao , Qiu Wei , Xie Wei , Zhang Jun , Wang Honghao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a recently discovered autoimmune syndrome associated with psychosis, dyskinesias, and seizures. Ectopic expression of NMDA receptors associated with ovarian teratoma is thought to mediate the initial autoimmune response against NMDA receptor encephalitis. Due to the lack of suitable animal models, the underlying mechanism of the disease remains unclear. This study described a new mice model of active immunization against the NMDA receptor with amino-terminal domain (ATD) peptides. After 12 weeks of immunization, mice were showed significant behavioral disorders and memory loss. Antibodies from CSF of immunized mice decreased surface NMDAR cluster density on hippocampus neurons. It also impaired the LTP induced at the Schaffer collateral to CA1 synapse and reduced NMDA receptors-induced calcium influx. The new model may help further research into the pathogenesis of the disease and the development of potential new therapies.