bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the heritability of gut microbiota relative abundance in rabbits based on single- step genomic BLUP with accounting for the interdependencies
Authors: Chen Shi-Yi , Zhou Junkun , Tian Xinyang , Qin Yinghe , Deng Feilong , Lai Song-Jia , Jia Xianbo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
It has been well-known that animal gut microbiota is extensively involved in regulating host growth and health. Conversely, we still know less about the host genetic determination on gut microbiota composition. In the quantitative genetic framework, host genetic contribution to inter-individual variation of microbiota composition can be estimated using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) approaches and hence termed the microbial heritability. However, the BLUP estimates of microbial heritability may be biased as the taxonomic abundances are always expressed as relative proportions, which will lead to the interdependencies with each other.
Results
We used single-step genomic BLUP for estimating the heritability of gut microbiota relative abundance in rabbits that consisted of 1528 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of 16S rRNA gene. To address the interdependencies between the focal taxon and all remaining members, we directly fitted the background community as a random effect into the mixed linear model. Our results indicated the better fitting after including this random background community effect, which explained about 30% of the phenotype variance on average. Before and after including the background effect, 161 and 45 ASVs had the estimates of heritability greater than 0.05, respectively. Multiple of the 45 relatively high heritable ASVs were enriched in orders Bacteroidales (n = 11) and Oscillospirales (n = 9). Furthermore, there was no correlation between the heritability estimates of ASVs and their mean relative abundances.
Conclusions
We revealed some gut microbes in rabbits that are heritable on the compositional abundance, and provided a promising method to address the intrinsic interdependencies of relative abundance data for estimating heritability.
Anyonic Braiding in a Chiral Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: Heiblum Moty , Ghosh Bikash , Labendik Maria , Musina Liliia , Umansky Vladimir , Mross David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Fractional quantum statistics are the defining characteristic of anyonic quantum states. Here, we present the observation of Anyonic interference and exchange phases in a novel co-propagating, 'optical-like,' Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (OMZI). Based on co-propagating interface modes, this architecture avoids backscattering and is free of charging effects that often plague the Fabry-Perot interferometer. Consequently, it exhibits a pristine and robust Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interference. At the filling factors ν = 1/3, 2/5, and 3/7, the observed AB flux periodicities: 3Φ0, 5Φ0, and 7Φ0, (Φ0 = h/e the flux quantum), agree with the fundamental fractionally charged excitations that correspond to Jain states. These flux periodicities depended only on the bulk topological order and not on the variety of tested interface modes for each bulk filling. To probe the Anyonic statistics, we positioned a small charged ‘top gate’ at the interferometer's center, allowing localized quasiparticles to be induced locally without modifying the AB phase of the interferometer. Being spatially isolated from the OMZI edge states, the observed quantized phase slips in the AB pajamas are purely quantum statistical effect. The magnitude of each phase slip corresponds to adding a fractional quasiparticle under the top gate. For ν = 1/3, their signs match theoretical expectations and prior FPI experiments, yet we observe systematic and unexpected deviations in the direction at ν = 2/5 and 3/7. The control over individual quasiparticles in this novel design will be essential for measuring the coveted non-Abelian statistics in the future.
Physical restoration of a painting with a digitally-constructed mask
Authors: Kachkine Alex 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Conservation of damaged oil paintings requires manual inpainting of losses1,2, leading to months-long treatments of considerable expense: 70% of paintings in institutional collections are locked away from public view in part due to treatment cost3,4. Recent advancements in digital image reconstruction have helped envision treatment results, though without any direct means of achieving them5–8. Here we show the first physically-applied digital restoration of a painting, a highly-damaged oil-on-panel attributed to the Master of the Prado Adoration (MPA) from the late 15th century. In parallel, 5,612 losses spanning 66,205 mm2 and 57,314 colors are infilled with a reversible laminate mask comprising a color-accurate bilayer of printed pigments on polymeric films. To ensure restoration effectiveness, ethical principles in paintings conservation are implemented quantitatively for digital mask construction, a critically-important foundation lacking in current digital restoration literature. The infill process takes 3.5 hours, an estimated 66 times faster than conventional inpainting, with the result closely matching simulation. Our approach grants unprecedented foresight and flexibility to conservators, enabling the restoration of countless damaged paintings deemed unworthy of high conservation budgets.
Nature and reporting pattern of adverse drug reactions at the largest tertiary care teaching hospital in Qatar: A retrospective study
Authors: Hassan Ahmed , Yousif Elhareth , Attia Sherif , Mohamed Kawthar , Abuazzab Mai , Salman Rana , Elbidairi Mutwakil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting is pivotal for pharmacovigilance; however, global challenges such as under-reporting and low-quality data persist, impacting causality and preventability assessments. Standardized ADR documentation can enhance data reliability and improve medication safety. This study evaluates the incidence of ADR reporting and the quality of reports within Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) facilities in Qatar.Methods: A retrospective analysis of spontaneous ADR reports from January to December 2019 was conducted across 12 HMC hospitals. The quality of ADR reporting was assessed using a self-developed form based on an integrated ADR reporting format referenced from Cerner. ADR reports were evaluated for key characteristics such as patient demographics (age, sex, weight), suspected drugs, concomitant medications, reaction outcomes, and timeline of reactions and medications. Descriptive and comparative analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: During 2019, HMC admitted approximately 181,000 patients, in which 2062 ADR reports were recorded, with 90.3% submitted via Adhoc forms and 9.7% via powerchart. The ADR incidence was 11.4 per 1,000 hospital admissions, with pharmacists responsible for 61% of the reports, followed by nurses (32%) and physicians (4%). Critical data gaps were observed: 50% of reports lacked a reporting date, 78.1% lacked detailed ADR descriptions, and 78.9% omitted patient history. Of the reports,869 (42%) documented moderate reactions,7773 (37.5%) mild reactions and 180 (8.7%) severe reactions., resulting in an ADR incidence rate of 11.4 per 1,000 patients.Conclusion: The predominance of Adhoc reporting underscores compliance with HMC policies, with pharmacists playing a key role in ADR documentation. However, substantial data gaps were identified, highlighting the need for interventions to improve reporting quality. Standardizing ADR documentation practices can support pharmacovigilance efforts, optimize medication safety, and enhance the reliability of causality and preventability.
A Machine Learning-Based Multi-Model Approach for Predicting Post-Deep Brain Stimulation Outcomes in Alzheimer’s disease Patients
Authors: Thakur Gopal Kumar , Kulkarni Shridhar , Raguru Jaya Krishna , Tayubi Iftikhar Aslam , Rao P Srinivasa , Mudarakola Lakshmi Prasad , Reddy P Chandra Shaker 
Published: December 2024

Objectives and Background:
Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) is a demonstrated rehabilitation
for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), regularly resulting in an upgrade of engine work. In any
case, some unfortunate incidental upshots can occur past DBS, which can deteriorate the patient's
satisfaction. In this way, the medical group must painstakingly choose patients over whom to perform
DBS. In the past, there have been a few endeavors to associate pre-usable information and
DBS experimental results, generally centered on engine symptomatology.

Objectives & Methodology:
A machine learning (ML)-based strategy called a multimodel pipeline
alluded to as FlowModel is designed and implemented to anticipate an enormous number of DBS
medical results for AD. It is composed of a patented Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for processing
medical data, using a conventional image handling technique to extract morphological biomarkers
from T1 imaging, and employing a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to perform regressions.
We authenticated it in 256 AD patients who underwent DBS.

Results:
The FlowModel demonstrated high predictive precision, achieving a correlation coefficient
of as high as 0.82 and successfully predicting 63 out of 84 clinical outcome scores. Importantly,
FlowModel outperformed traditional linear models, demonstrating the capability to learn effectively
from preoperative data alone.

Conclusion:
The uniqueness of this study lies in its ability to predict multiple clinical outcomes
across different modalities, independent of stimulation parameters. The introduction of this ML
pipeline contributes to the precision medicine landscape by providing a robust, data-driven tool to
select patients for DBS, potentially improving clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Unveiling the Potency: Synthesis and Assessment of Antimicrobial Potential of Some Bis(indolyl)methane Derivatives
Authors: Boruah Aditi , Basumatary Devi , Rahman Iftakur , Pathak Bandita , Borah Jagat Chandra , Baruah Pranjal K. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The urgent need for new antimicrobial compounds arises from the growing threat of multidrug-resistant human pathogens responsible for infectious diseases. The indole moiety, a prevalent heterocyclic ring system found in nature, is a key structural element in many pharmaceutical agents due to its wide range of biological activities. Bis(in-dolyl)methanes, in particular, have emerged as promising candidates for antibacterial activ-ity.

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nine bis(indolyl)methane derivatives against a range of pathogenic bacterial strains responsible for various human diseases.

Methods:
The compounds were synthesized using a solvent-free method, and their antibac-terial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory con-centration (MIC) of the active compounds identified in the disk diffusion assay was deter-mined by the microtiter broth dilution method in 96-well microtiter plates. Bacterial strains in the mid-log phase of growth were utilized. Bacterial suspensions equivalent to 0.5 McFar-land standards were prepared by suspending the bacterial inoculum in sterile water. A work-ing concentration of 100 μg/mL was achieved by diluting the test compounds in 100% DMSO.

Results:
The antimicrobial activity of nine synthetic compounds was evaluated against nine medically significant pathogenic strains. These include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Shigella flexneri, known for producing toxins that cause acute foodborne ill-nesses, as well as Escherichia coli K12 and Enterococcus faecalis, which can disrupt the intestinal barrier in immunocompromised individuals. The results suggest that these com-pounds have the potential to be effective antimicrobial agents.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrate the promising antimicrobial activity of the synthe-sized compounds, with 1-ethyl-3-((1-ethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl)-1H-indole emerging as the most potent, significantly inhibiting most tested bacterial strains. These results highlight the potential for developing novel compounds for antibacterial treatment.
A Real-Time Intrusion Detection System for Enhancing Cybersecurity in Robotic Systems
Authors: Verma Narinder , Kumar Neerendra 
Published: December 2024

Background:
The increasing integration of robotic systems across various sectors
has highlighted the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard these systems
against cyber threats.

Objective:
This research presents a novel Real-Time Intrusion Detection System (IDS) framework
specifically designed to enhance the cybersecurity of robotic systems.

Methods:
The proposed IDS framework monitors network traffic and continuously identifies
potential threats in real time. A testbed is set up using an AlphaBot robotic device and a server
machine to perform experiments under both normal and attack conditions. Network traffic data
is captured in real-time using tools like Wireshark, generating raw datasets from actual data exchanges
between the robotic device and the server. The dataset undergoes preprocessing, including
feature extraction, data cleaning, and normalization. This processed dataset is then used
to train machine learning algorithms, such as Decision Trees, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Random
Forest, designed to identify patterns distinguishing between normal and malicious activities.

Results:
The IDS framework is tested on the AlphaBot robotic device and server machine,
demonstrating effective results in real-world conditions. The system achieved an accuracy rate
of 96.61% in distinguishing between normal and attack traffic, highlighting its robustness and
practicality.

Conclusion:
The proposed real-time IDS framework shows promise in enhancing the cybersecurity
of robotic systems by effectively identifying potential threats in real time.
Total Anti-oxidant Capacity and Immunosuppressive Drug Blood Levels after Kidney Transplantation: A Patent Perspective
Authors: Tolou-Ghamari Zahra 
Published: December 2024

Background:
It is well known that acute or chronic kidney injury could be due to free
radicals and pro-oxidants. This investigation aimed to monitor tacrolimus or cyclosporine blood
trough levels and anti-oxidant capacity after kidney transplantation. Methods: There was no intervention
in the routine management of transplant recipients. The sample size (n=70) included
healthy individuals and kidney-transplanted recipients (n=25 on tacrolimus and n=10 on cyclosporine).
The study population was matched for age. The attained information was examined by
using the Statistical Package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered
as P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
In healthy individuals, the mean ± SD for the capacity of antioxidants was 91.9 ± 16.6
(u/ml), which was significantly higher when compared to the mean value of 28.5 ± 22.6 (u/ml)
versus 24.7 ± 25.5 (u/ml), kidney recipients with tacrolimus versus cyclosporine (P ≤ 0.04) as
immunosuppressive drugs. The mean value of tacrolimus levels was 14.6 ± 6.4 (ng/ml). The
correlation between tacrolimus and cyclosporine trough levels and anti-oxidant capacity was
0.19 (P ≤ 0.14). There were no significant differences regarding age in cases and controls (P ≤
42).

Conclusion:
This study showed that the capacity of anti-oxidants in kidney transplant recipients,
those on tacrolimus or cyclosporine, might be lower than in healthy individuals. Subsequent
investigations are recommended to delve into the therapeutic consequences of the influence
of antioxidant therapies on the clinical outcomes of transplanted recipients.

conclusion:
Worldwide, our study is the first that showed that TAOC in kidney transplanted recipient was lower than controls
Quality of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Videos Available on TikTok and Bilibili: Content Analysis
Authors: Niu Zheyu , Hao Yijie , Yang Faji , Jiang Qirong , Jiang Yupeng , Zhang Shizhe , Song Xie , Chang Hong , Zhou Xu , Zhu Huaqiang , Gao Hengjun , Lu Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Disseminating disease knowledge through concise videos on various platforms is an innovative and efficient approach. However, it remains uncertain whether pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET)-related videos available on current short video platforms can effectively convey accurate and impactful information to the general public.

Objective
Our study aims to extensively analyze the quality of pNET-related videos on TikTok and Bilibili, intending to enhance the development of pNET-related social media content to provide the general public with more comprehensive and suitable avenues for accessing pNET-related information.

Methods
A total of 168 qualifying videos pertaining to pNETs were evaluated from the video-sharing platforms Bilibili and TikTok. Initially, the fundamental information conveyed in the videos was documented. Subsequently, we discerned the source and content type of each video. Following that, the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scale were employed to appraise the educational value and quality of each video. A comparative evaluation was conducted on the videos obtained from these two platforms.

Results
The number of pNET-related videos saw a significant increase since 2020, with 9 videos in 2020, 19 videos in 2021, 29 videos in 2022, and 106 videos in 2023. There were no significant improvements in the mean GQS or mDISCERN scores from 2020 to 2023, which were 3.22 and 3.00 in 2020, 3.33 and 2.94 in 2021, 2.83 and 2.79 in 2022, and 2.78 and 2.94 in 2023, respectively. The average quality scores of the videos on Bilibili and Tiktok were comparable, with GQS and mDISCERN scores of 2.98 on Bilibili versus 2.77 on TikTok and 2.82 on Bilibili versus 3.05 on TikTok, respectively. The source and format of the videos remained independent factors affecting the two quality scores. Videos that were uploaded by professionals (hazard ratio=7.02, P=.002) and recorded in specialized popular science formats (hazard ratio=12.45, P<.001) tended to exhibit superior quality.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the number of short videos on pNETs has increased in recent years, but video quality has not improved significantly. This comprehensive analysis shows that the source and format of videos are independent factors affecting video quality, which provides potential measures for improving the quality of short videos.
Patterns of Public Interest in Lipomas and Lipoma-Removal Procedures: Google Trends Analysis
Authors: Duggal Keenan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Lipomas are benign tumors composed of encapsulated adipocytes. Although relatively common, uncertainty remains about the population-level prevalence, the etiology, and the degree of public interest in lipomas and associated removal procedures.

Objective
The spatiotemporal patterns of public interest in lipomas and lipoma removal procedures were characterized.

Methods
Google Trends data that report the relative search volume (RSV) of Google queries pertaining to lipomas and their removal procedures at national and international levels were analyzed. To contextualize these trends, the RSV for lipomas was compared to that of several other common dermatological conditions in the United States.

Results
In the United States, lipomas have consistently generated lower levels of public interest than other common dermatological conditions, but interest in the condition has been rising since the mid-2010s. Across the world, public interest in lipomas appears to be the highest in pockets of Eastern Europe, whereas in the United States, relative interest has been higher in Midwestern and Southern states. In addition, the interest in lipoma removal procedures has risen steadily from 2004 to the present, with particularly high RSVs coming from Southwestern states

Conclusions
Dermatologists and plastic surgeons should be aware of the increasing public interest in lipomas and lipoma-removal procedures. Clinical awareness is especially important in states with an elevated interest in lipomas and their associated removal procedures.
Experiences of Peer Mentoring Sexual and Gender Minority Emerging Adults Who Are at Risk for Suicide: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tran Jennifer T , Webster Jessica , Wolfe James R , Ben Nathan Jennifer , Mayinja Lindiwe , Kautz Marin , Oquendo Maria A , Brown Gregory K , Mandell David , Mowery Danielle , Bauermeister José A , Brown Lily A 
Published: December 2024

Background
Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth (SGDY) are at increased risk for suicide due to unique experiences including discrimination, family or friend rejection, and low positive affect. Peer mentors (PMs) may offer a unique opportunity for intervention but are underutilized for suicide prevention among SGDY.

Objective
Little is known about the training needed for PMs when working with SGDY at risk for suicide. We developed an intervention, Supporting Transitions to Adulthood and Reducing Suicide (STARS), to improve suicide prevention among SGDY and increase social support, coping, and positive effects. PMs were trained by a licensed clinical therapist and provided a manual. PMs meet virtually for 6 weeks, providing social support, strategies to diminish the impact of discrimination, connection to safe spaces, and reinforcement of intentions to use Safety Plans with mentees.

Methods
To understand PMs’ experiences in their role, including distress, fidelity to the manual, and perceptions of feasibility and acceptability of STARS and mentees’ Safety Plan, we collected survey data from mentees and PMs as well as in-depth interviews with PMs after the completion of the intervention.

Results
As of September 2024, all peer mentees (N=64) have completed the study and all PMs have finished providing sessions for peer mentees. PMs (n=5) reported overall high comfort (8.52) and low distress (1.93) during sessions. All 5 PMs had high fidelity (>90%) to the PM intervention training. All 5 PMs reported high feasibility (17.50), acceptability (20), and appropriateness (20) of the STARS intervention. Mentees (n=27) reported high confidence ratings (3.54) in speaking with their PMs.

Conclusions
Peer mentorship for SGDY who are at risk for suicide was feasible and acceptable by PMs and mentees alike. PMs reported that they felt comfortable and confident during the sessions. Mentees also reported confidence in working with their PMs. Future research should explore the optimal strategies to support PMs and mentees as they engage in suicide prevention work as well as incorporate feedback from the PMs in this study to ensure optimal outcomes.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05018143; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05018143

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/48177