bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overweight, underweight, and obesity among male long-distance professional drivers in Iran
Authors: Pourabdian Siamak , Golshiri Parastoo , Janghorbani Mohsen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Long-distance professional drivers, as an occupational group, are hypothesized to have a higher risk of overweight and obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of overweight, underweight, and obesity in long-distance professional drivers.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 36 625 male long-distance professional drivers age ≥20 years, from April 2013 to Sept. 2016. Drivers were interviewed and underwent clinical and laboratory examinations including measures of blood pressure (BP), blood tests, anthropometric data, and visual and hearing acuity. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of participants was 41.9 (10.2) years with a mean (SD) duration of a professional driving of 15.3 (9.6) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) was 25.7 (4.0) kg/m2.

Results
The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 39.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 38.6, 39.6) and 10.8% (95% CI 10.5, 11.1), respectively. A total percentage of 2.7 (95% CI 2.5, 2.9) were underweight. A total percentage of 10.6 had BMI 30-40 kg/m2 and 0.2% had BMI ≥40 kg/m2. Using a stepwise binary logistic regression model for overweight, underweight, and obesity, age had a significant independent relationship with underweight, overweight, and obesity. Duration of work, BP, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol had significant independent positive association and smoking had a negative association with overweight/obesity when other covariates were considered.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that overweight and obesity are prevalent among long-distance professional drivers in Iran and appears to be similar to the general population.
Visual spatial learning outcomes for clinical trials in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Ullrich Nicole J. , Payne Jonathan M. , Walsh Karin S. , Cutter Gary , Packer Roger , North Kathryn , Rey‐Casserly Celiane ,   the NF Clinical Trials Consortium
Published: February 2020

AbstractCognitive problems are common in children with neurofibromatosis type 1, representing a significant source of lifelong morbidity. Assessment of cognitive function has been challenging in the setting of clinical trials. Spatial learning deficits may be an important target for cognitive interventions. We leveraged a large, international cognitive study in affected children with NF1 treated with lovastatin to assess spatial learning using the “Arena Maze”, a portable, computerized task that allows for retesting in the same environment. As with the parent study, spatial learning assessed with this task did not improve with lovastatin treatment.
Recent Progress and Future Directions of Multifunctional (Super)Wetting Smooth/Structured Surfaces and Coatings
Authors: Archer Richard James , Becher‐Nienhaus Brandon , Dunderdale Gary J. , Hozumi Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch on superwetting surfaces/coatings that artificially mimic biological surfaces/systems has a long history, and still garners significant worldwide interest as it is expected to provide superior solutions to conventional engineering approaches that attempt to solve challenges facing mankind. To broaden the utility of these superwetting surfaces/coatings, there is a strong demand for these surfaces to exhibit multiple practical functionalities. Here, the progress being made in multifunctional surfaces with superwettability is explored. In each section, state‐of‐the‐art works are summarized and the concepts, materials, processes, and the effects of both physical (smooth or structured surfaces) and chemical (low or high surface energies) factors on the resulting surface are described. Finally, the outlook of this prospective research field is considered, and its future directions briefly discussed, with a focus on preserving longevity in both functionality and structural integrity to produce truly useful biomimetic surfaces/coatings.
Cell Encapsulation Systems Toward Modular Tissue Regeneration: From Immunoisolation to Multifunctional Devices
Authors: Correia Clara R. , Nadine Sara , Mano João F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the primordial cell encapsulation systems, the main goal is to treat endocrine diseases avoiding the action of the immune system. Although lessons afforded by such systems are of outmost importance for the demands of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the paradigm has recently completely changed. If before the most important feature was to mask the encapsulated cells from the immune system, now it is known that the synergetic interplay between immune cells and the engineered niche is responsible for an adequate regenerative process. Combined with such immuno‐awareness, novel or nonconventional emerging techniques are being proposed to develop the new generation of cell encapsulation systems, namely layer‐by‐layer, microfluidics, superhydrophobic surfaces, and bioprinting technologies. Alongside the desire to create more realistic cell encapsulation systems, cell‐laden hydrogels are being explored as building blocks for bottom‐up strategies, within the concept of modular tissue engineering. The idea is to use the well‐established cell‐friendly environment provided by hydrogels and create more close‐to‐native systems that possess high heterogeneity, while providing multifunctional and adaptive inputs.
Low‐Spin‐State Hematite with Superior Adsorption of Anionic Contaminations for Water Purification
Authors: Shen Guoqiang , Pan Lun , Zhang Rongrong , Sun Shangcong , Hou Fang , Zhang Xiangwen , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHematite attracts intensive interest as an adsorbent for water purification, but the oversized dimension and inherent high‐spin Fe(III) restrict its adsorption capability and kinetics. Herein a spatial‐confinement strategy is reported that synthesizes ultrafine α‐Fe2O3 benefiting from nanogrids constructed by predeposition of TiO2 nanodots in the MCM‐41 channel, and that tunes the spin‐state of Fe(III) from high‐spin to low‐spin induced by the strong guest–host interaction between the ultrafine Fe2O3 with SiO2 (MCM‐41). The low‐spin Fe(III) endorses strong bonding with anionic adsorbates, and significantly facilitates the electrons transfer from Fe2O3 to SiO2 to form a highly positive charged surface, and thereby shows superior electrostatic multilayer adsorption performance to different kinds of anionic contaminations. Specifically, the maximum uptake, adsorption rate, and distribution coefficient (Kd) for Rose Bengal dye reach as high as 1810 mg g−1, 1644 g (g min)−1, and 2.2 × 106 L kg−1, which are more than 8, 230, and 3700 times higher than those of commercial activated carbon, respectively. It also shows outstanding purification performance for real field water. It is demonstrated that a strong guest–host interaction can alter the spin‐state of transition metal oxides, which may pave a new way to improve their performance in adsorption and other applications like catalysis.
Biomass‐Derived Hybrid Hydrogel Evaporators for Cost‐Effective Solar Water Purification
Authors: Guo Youhong , Lu Hengyi , Zhao Fei , Zhou Xingyi , Shi Wen , Yu Guihua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSolar vapor generation has presented great potential for wastewater treatment and seawater desalination with high energy conversion and utilization efficiency. However, technology gaps still exist for achieving a fast evaporation rate and high quality of water combined with low‐cost deployment to provide a sustainable solar‐driven water purification system. In this study, a naturally abundant biomass, konjac glucomannan, together with simple‐to‐fabricate iron‐based metal‐organic framework‐derived photothermal nanoparticles is introduced into the polyvinyl alcohol networks, building hybrid hydrogel evaporators in a cost‐effective fashion ($14.9 m−2 of total materials cost). With advantageous features of adequate water transport, effective water activation, and anti‐salt‐fouling function, the hybrid hydrogel evaporators achieve a high evaporation rate under one sun (1 kW m−2) at 3.2 kg m−2 h−1 out of wastewater with wide degrees of acidity and alkalinity (pH 2–14) and high‐salinity seawater (up to 330 g kg−1). More notably, heavy metal ions are removed effectively by forming hydrogen and chelating bonds with excess hydroxyl groups in the hydrogel. It is anticipated that this study offers new possibilities for a deployable, cost‐effective solar water purification system with assured water quality, especially for economically stressed communities.
Multiplexed NIR‐II Probes for Lymph Node‐Invaded Cancer Detection and Imaging‐Guided Surgery
Authors: Tian Rui , Ma Huilong , Zhu Shoujun , Lau Joseph , Ma Rui , Liu Yijing , Lin Lisen , Chandra Swati , Wang Sheng , Zhu Xingfu , Deng Hongzhang , Niu Gang , Zhang Mingxi , Antaris Alexander L. , Hettie Kenneth S. , Yang Bai , Liang Yongye , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTumor‐lymph node (LN) metastasis is the dominant prognostic factor for tumor staging and therapeutic decision‐making. However, concurrently visualizing metastasis and performing imaging‐guided lymph node surgery is challenging. Here, a multiplexed‐near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) in vivo imaging system using nonoverlapping NIR‐II probes with markedly suppressed photon scattering and zero‐autofluorescence is reported, which enables visualization of the metastatic tumor and the tumor metastatic proximal LNs resection. A bright and tumor‐seeking donor–acceptor–donor (D‐A‐D) dye, IR‐FD, is screened for primary/metastatic tumor imaging in the NIR‐IIa (1100–1300 nm) window. This optimized D‐A‐D dye exhibits greatly improved quantum yield of organic D‐A‐D fluorophores in aqueous solutions (≈6.0%) and good in vivo performance. Ultrabright PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with dense polymer coating are used to visualize cancer‐invaded sentinel LNs in the NIR‐IIb (>1500 nm) window. Compared to clinically used indocyanine green, the QDs show superior brightness and photostability (no obvious bleaching even after continuous laser irradiation for 5 h); thus, only a picomolar dose is required for sentinel LNs detection. This combination of dual‐NIR‐II image‐guided surgery can be performed under bright light, adding to its convenience and appeal in clinical use.
Graphdiyne Derivative as Multifunctional Solid Additive in Binary Organic Solar Cells with 17.3% Efficiency and High Reproductivity
Authors: Liu Le , Kan Yuanyuan , Gao Ke , Wang Jianxiao , Zhao Min , Chen Hao , Zhao Chengjie , Jiu Tonggang , Jen Alex‐K.‐Y. , Li Yuliang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMorphology tuning of the blend film in organic solar cells (OSCs) is a key approach to improve device efficiencies. Among various strategies, solid additive is proposed as a simple and new way to enable morphology tuning. However, there exist few solid additives reported to meet such expectations. Herein, chlorine‐functionalized graphdiyne (GCl) is successfully applied as a multifunctional solid additive to fine‐tune the morphology and improve device efficiency as well as reproductivity for the first time. Compared with 15.6% efficiency for control devices, a record high efficiency of 17.3% with the certified one of 17.1% is obtained along with the simultaneous increase of short‐circuit current (Jsc) and fill factor (FF), displaying the state‐of‐the‐art binary organic solar cells at present. The redshift of the film absorption, enhanced crystallinity, prominent phase separation, improved mobility, and decreased charge recombination synergistically account for the increase of Jsc and FF after introducing GCl into the blend film. Moreover, the addition of GCl dramatically reduces batch‐to‐batch variations benefiting mass production owing to the nonvolatile property of GCl. All these results confirm the efficacy of GCl to enhance device performance, demonstrating a promising application of GCl as a multifunctional solid additive in the field of OSCs.
Surface Segregation of Ternary Alloys: Effect of the Interaction between Solute Elements
Authors: Zhao Meng , Brouwer Johannes C. , Sloof Willem G. , Böttger Amarante J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTernary alloys have been developed for a wide range of applications and surface segregation of ternary alloys has a decisive impact on their performance. Different from binary alloys, in which surface energy is usually the dominant factor, the interaction between solute elements has a noticeable effect on the surface segregation behavior of ternary alloys. As a practical example, Pd‐based ternary alloys have been proposed as promising candidates for hydrogen separation membranes due to their excellent permeability and selectivity. In the present work, surface segregation of Pd‐Cu‐Ag and Pd‐Cu‐Mo ternary alloys in both vacuum and hydrogen atmosphere is investigated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy ion scattering spectroscopy analyses reveal that the segregation trend of the outermost atomic layer is not always the same as that of the near‐surface region. A thermodynamic model is developed to describe the surface segregation of ternary alloys. The results of the model are in good qualitative agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, calculations for other ternary alloy systems confirm that the model provides a simple but universal method for surface segregation in ternary alloys. The results can also be considered as basic guidelines to design novel ternary alloys for various applications.
Ultrathin WS2‐on‐Glass Photonic Crystal for Self‐Resonant Exciton‐Polaritonics
Authors: Zhang Xingwang , Zhang Xiaojie , Huang Wenzhuo , Wu Kedi , Zhao Mengqiang , Charlie Johnson A. T. , Tongay Sefaattin , Cubukcu Ertugrul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRoom temperature stable excitons in layered two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer a unique route for engineering light and matter interactions. Due to the strong optical dispersion near the excitonic transitions, a high refractive index arises in these ultrathin semiconductors.[1,2] Utilizing this behavior, strongly confined Fano type optical resonances in an ultrathin (i.e., ≈12 nm) tungsten disulfide (WS2) photonic crystal (PhC) directly fabricated on a TMD‐on‐glass platform are reported. In this approach, Fano‐type WS2 photonic resonances strongly couple to the WS2 excitonic dispersion engender self‐resonant exciton‐polaritons with an out‐of‐plane optical confinement exceeding that provided by surface plasmon polaritons in the visible. The large spatial light‐matter overlap endowed by this unique monolithic self‐coupling scheme is utilized for steering of enhanced 2D WSe2 excitonic photoluminescence in a truly TMD integrated system. It is envisioned that the strong light matter interaction on the TMD‐on‐glass platform will unfold the prospects of ultrathin exciton‐polaritonic resonators.
Planar Terahertz Photonics Mediated by Liquid Crystal Polymers
Authors: Shen Zhi‐Xiong , Tang Ming‐Jie , Chen Peng , Zhou Sheng‐Hang , Ge Shi‐Jun , Duan Wei , Wei Ting , Liang Xiao , Hu Wei , Lu Yan‐Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTerahertz (THz) band is expected to satisfy the ever‐increasing demand for high‐capacity wireless data transfer. Multifunctional photonic devices with compactness and low loss are highly pursued for future THz communications. Here, a strategy for planar THz photonics is proposed that enables free wavefront manipulation with submillimeter thin liquid crystal polymer (LCP) films. Such elements work on the spatial geometric phase modulation, which is accomplished by preprogramming the axis orientations of LCP. The LCP monomers follow the guidance of local photoalignment agent and are further polymerized under UV exposure at the existence of a doped photo‐initializer. Thanks to the high resolution and excellent flexibility of the photopatterning technique, THz elements with versatile functions can be realized. As examples, waveplates, polarization gratings, and lenses, which are suitable for the polarization control, beam deflecting, focusing, or collimating, are demonstrated. Due to the intrinsic flexibility of LCP films, an f‐tunable lens enabled by mechanically induced deformation is exhibited. Specific mode generators for vortices and Bessel beams are also presented, which can function as separate channels for the mode division multiplexing in THz communications. This work provides a robust platform for fabricating integrated, low‐loss, and tunable THz elements suitable for the advanced THz apparatuses.
Transient Supramolecular Hydrogels Formed by Aging‐Induced Seeded Self‐Assembly of Molecular Hydrogelators
Authors: Wang Yiming , Piskorz Tomasz K. , Lovrak Matija , Mendes Eduardo , Guo Xuhong , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHere, transient supramolecular hydrogels that are formed through simple aging‐induced seeded self‐assembly of molecular gelators are reported. In the involved molecular self‐assembly system, multicomponent gelators are formed from a mixture of precursor molecules and, typically, can spontaneously self‐assemble into thermodynamically more stable hydrogels through a multilevel self‐sorting process. In the present work, it is surprisingly found that one of the precursor molecules is capable of self‐assembling into nano‐sized aggregates upon a gentle aging treatment. Importantly, these tiny aggregates can serve as seeds to force the self‐assembly of gelators along a kinetically controlled pathway, leading to transient hydrogels that eventually spontaneously convert into thermodynamically more stable hydrogels over time. Such an aging‐induced seeded self‐assembly process is not only a new route toward synthetic out‐of‐equilibrium supramolecular systems, but also suggests the necessity of reporting the age of self‐assembling building block solutions in other self‐assembly systems.
Smart Hydrogels for the Augmentation of Bone Regeneration by Endogenous Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Recruitment
Authors: Lienemann Philipp S. , Vallmajo‐Martin Queralt , Papageorgiou Panagiota , Blache Ulrich , Metzger Stéphanie , Kiveliö Anna‐Sofia , Milleret Vincent , Sala Ana , Hoehnel Sylke , Roch Aline , Reuten Raphael , Koch Manuel , Naveiras Olaia , Weber Franz E. , Weber Wilfried , Lutolf Matthias P. , Ehrbar Martin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe treatment of bone defects with recombinant bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) requires high doses precluding broad clinical application. Here, a bioengineering approach is presented that strongly improves low‐dose BMP‐2‐based bone regeneration by mobilizing healing‐associated mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs). Smart synthetic hydrogels are used to trap and study endogenous MPCs trafficking to bone defects. Hydrogel‐trapped and prospectively isolated MPCs differentiate into multiple lineages in vitro and form bone in vivo. In vitro screenings reveal that platelet‐derived growth factor BB (PDGF‐BB) strongly recruits prospective MPCs making it a promising candidate for the engineering of hydrogels that enrich endogenous MPCs in vivo. However, PDGF‐BB inhibits BMP‐2‐mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, smart two‐way dynamic release hydrogels with fast‐release of PDGF‐BB and sustained delivery of BMP‐2 beneficially promote the healing of bone defects. Collectively, it is shown that modulating the dynamics of endogenous progenitor cells in vivo by smart synthetic hydrogels significantly improves bone healing and holds great potential for other advanced applications in regenerative medicine.
Quantifying Charge‐Carrier Mobilities and Recombination Rates in Metal Halide Perovskites from Time‐Resolved Microwave Photoconductivity Measurements
Authors: Savenije Tom J. , Guo Dengyang , Caselli Valentina M. , Hutter Eline M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented rise in the power conversion efficiency of solar cells based on metal halide perovskites (MHPs) has led to enormous research effort to understand their photophysical properties. The progress made in understanding the mobility and recombination of photogenerated charge carriers from nanosecond to microsecond time scales, monitored using electrodeless transient photoconductivity techniques, is reviewed. In addition, a kinetic model to obtain rate constants from transient data recorded using a wide range of laser intensities is presented. For various MHPs the temperature dependence of the mobilities and recombination rates are evaluated. Furthermore, it is shown how these rate constants can be used to predict the upper limit for the open‐circuit voltage Voc of the corresponding device. Finally, the photophysical properties of MHPs that are not yet fully understood are explored, and recommendations for future research directions are made.
Emerging Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy for Metal Halide Perovskite Materials and Solar Cells
Authors: Si Haonan , Zhang Suicai , Ma Shuangfei , Xiong Zhaozhao , Kausar Ammarah , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Zheng , Sattar Abdul , Kang Zhuo , Zhang Yue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite materials, benefiting from a combination of outstanding optoelectronic properties and low‐cost solution‐preparation processes, show tremendous potential for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. However, the nanoscale inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of perovskite materials cause a number of difficulties, such as recombination, stability, and hysteresis, all of which seriously restrict device performance. Scanning probe microscopy, as a high‐resolution imaging technique, has been widely used to connect local properties and micro‐area morphologies to overall device performance. Conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM) can realize a real‐space visualization of topography coupled with optoelectronic properties on a microscopic scale and thereby is uniquely suited to probe the local effects of perovskite materials and devices. The fundamental principles, alternative operation modes, and development of C‐AFM are comprehensively reviewed, and applications in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for electronic transport behavior, ion migration and hysteresis, ferroelectric polarization, and facet orientation investigation are discussed. A comprehensive understanding and summary of up‐to‐date applications in PSCs is beneficial to further fully exploit the potential of such an emerging technique, so as to provide a novel and effective approach for perovskite materials analysis.
Atomic‐Resolution Imaging of Halide Perovskites Using Electron Microscopy
Authors: Song Kepeng , Liu Lingmei , Zhang Daliang , Hautzinger Matthew P. , Jin Song , Han Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAtomic‐resolution imaging of halide perovskites (HPs) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is challenging because of the sensitivity of their structures to the electron beam. In this article, recent achievements in this area are reviewed, covering both all‐inorganic and organic–inorganic hybrid HPs, with an emphasis on the specific imaging conditions that have proven to be effective in avoiding electron beam‐induced structural damage. The discussion focusses on the total electron dose that HPs can bear before being damaged and the effects of different imaging modes, accelerating voltages, and temperatures. The crucial role of a direct‐detection electron‐counting camera in reducing the required electron dose is outlined, which is indispensable for imaging extremely sensitive organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites. In addition to reviewing published works, the results of initial attempts to perform atomic‐resolution elemental mapping for an all‐inorganic HP and image a hybrid HP using scanning TEM are introduced. The preparation of a TEM specimen from macroscopic crystals or devices of HPs, which is very important for practical applications but has not yet received attention, is also discussed. This article aims to provide guidance on the acquisition of atomic‐resolution TEM images of HPs and inspire the development of more imaging technologies for sensitive materials.