bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cohort-based analysis of labor force participation for advanced economies
Authors: Grigoli Francesco , Koczan Zsoka , Topalova Petia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Advanced economies are in the midst of a major demographic transition, with the number of elderly rising precipitously. Yet, advanced economies experienced different trajectories in labor force participation rates and workforce attachment of men and women. Using a cohort model for 17 advanced economies during 1985–2016, we document a significant role of common patterns of participation over the life cycle and shifts in these patterns across generations, especially for women. New cohorts of women led to upward shifts in the age participation profile. However, this process plateaued in most countries, with signs of reversal in some. We project sizable declines in participation rates over the next three decades, with aggregate participation forecast to decline by 5.5 percentage points for the median advanced economy. Illustrative simulations show that closing gender gaps, extending working lives, and implementing policies encouraging labor supply can help attenuate, but may not fully offset, demographic pressures.
Muscle deterioration due to rheumatoid arthritis: assessment by quantitative MRI and strength testing
Authors: Farrow Matthew , Biglands John , Tanner Steven , Hensor Elizabeth M A , Buch Maya H , Emery Paul , Tan Ai Lyn 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
RA patients often present with low muscle mass and decreased strength. Quantitative MRI offers a non-invasive measurement of muscle status. This study assessed whether MRI-based measurements of T2, fat fraction, diffusion tensor imaging and muscle volume can detect differences between the thigh muscles of RA patients and healthy controls, and assessed the muscle phenotype of different disease stages.

Methods
Thirty-nine RA patients (13 ‘new RA’—newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, 13 ‘active RA’—persistent DAS28 &gt;3.2 for &gt;1 year, 13 ‘remission RA’—persistent DAS28 &lt;2.6 for &gt;1 year) and 13 age and gender directly matched healthy controls had an MRI scan of their dominant thigh. All participants had knee extension and flexion torque and grip strength measured.

Results
MRI T2 and fat fraction were higher in the three groups of RA patients compared with healthy controls in the thigh muscles. There were no clinically meaningful differences in the mean diffusivity. The muscle volume, handgrip strength, knee extension and flexion were lower in all three groups of RA patients compared with healthy controls.

Conclusion
Quantitative MRI and muscle strength measurements can potentially detect differences within the muscles between RA patients and healthy controls. These differences may be seen in RA patients who are yet to start treatment, those with persistent active disease, and those who were in clinical remission. This suggests that the muscles in RA patients are affected in the early stages of the disease and that signs of muscle pathology and muscle weakness are still observed in clinical remission.
Participation and weight loss in online National Diabetes Prevention Programs: a comparison of age and gender subgroups
Authors: Sauder Katherine A , Ritchie Natalie D , Crowe Byron , Cox Edith , Hudson Marissa , Wadhwa Sandeep 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEarly onset diabetes has adverse transgenerational effects, yet in-person National Diabetes Prevention Programs (NDPPs) have low reach among adults of peak reproductive age. We examined participation and weight loss with online NDPPs for younger versus older adults. Solera Health, Inc., collected data from 12,966 adults who enrolled in a yearlong online NDPP from 2015 to 2018. We used general linear models and logistic regression to assess differences between younger and older adults (&lt;45 vs. ≥45 years) in session initiation (logging in), session completion (activities approximating intensity of in-person classes), and weight loss, overall and according to engagement thresholds. Almost all (N = 12,497, 96%) individuals who enrolled initiated ≥1 session(s), but fewer (N = 2,408, 19%) completed ≥4 sessions over ≥9 months, achieving 4.5% weight loss on average. Among all enrollees with ≥2 weights (N = 10,161), younger men and women lost less weight (1.8% and 1.7%, respectively) than older men (3.3%) and women (2.7%; all p &lt; .05). Among all enrollees who completed ≥4 sessions over ≥9 months, weight loss did not differ between older men (4.3%), older women (4.0%), and younger men (3.5%), but younger women achieved less weight loss (3.0%) than older adults (all p &lt; .001). Online programming supports NDPP reach and weight loss, although younger adults completed fewer sessions and young women achieved less weight loss than older adults. Efforts to increase ongoing engagement among younger adults are needed to prevent early onset of diabetes and adverse transgenerational effects.
RN to BSN Students’ Experiences With Asynchronous Audio-Video Discussion Responses
Authors: Denson Vicki L. , Shurts Leslie M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Literature suggests use of audio-video (AV) technology enhances a sense of connectedness between students in online programs. In a previous quantitative study conducted by these authors, the use of AV discussion responses revealed that social presence was negatively impacted. This descriptive study explored RN to BSN students’ experiences with AV discussion formats. Participants found value related to forming distinct impressions of others but expressed feelings of distress; they described issues with technology and time as barriers. Implications suggest that AV format is not supported for use in every discussion forum but may be of value if limited to select discussion forums.
Using Universal Design Principles in a Fundamentals Course to Promote Student Transition to Nursing Education
Authors: Scheirer Tracy Fogarty 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The transition to “thinking like a nurse” can present challenges to contemporary student nurses. Nurse educators are called to provide meaningful learning experiences to students with diverse learning needs and promote critical thinking application. Multiple stakeholders encourage nursing faculty to innovate their teaching practices and reflect on the process to promote the life-long learning necessary in professional nursing. Universal design for instruction uses multiple pedagogies, resources, and technologies to create accessible learning environments for all students. This article highlights the evolution of a case exemplar course design in a fundamentals nursing course that utilizes universal design for instruction principles in nursing education.
Faculty Perceptions in Facilitating Success for Accelerated BSN Student Veterans
Authors: Wiersma Gretchen , Cox Catherine Wilson , McNelis Angela M. , Schumann Mary Jean , Maring Joyce 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Student veterans enrolled in nursing programs often experience challenges transitioning to higher education environments. This study investigated faculty perspectives regarding the strengths and challenges of student veterans in an accelerated bachelor’s of science in nursing program; faculty (N = 21) participated in focus groups. Four themes emerged: No Man Left Behind, Acclimating to the Higher Education Environment, Not Wanting to Be Different, and Professionalism/Maturity. Faculty perceived student veterans possess strengths and approaches to learning different from students without a military background. Integrating these strengths into the curriculum, with strategies such as team-based learning and group assignments, will leverage their skills and facilitate academic success.
Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Iba Toshiaki , Levy Jerrold H. , Levi Marcel , Connors Jean Marie , Thachil Jecko 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of thrombotic events in coronavirus disease 2019. However, the significance of thromboembolic complications has not been widely appreciated. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge of this serious problem.

Design:
Narrative review.

Data Sources:
Online search of published medical literature through PubMed using the term “COVID-19,” “SARS,” “acute respiratory distress syndrome,” “coronavirus,” “coagulopathy,” “thrombus,” and “anticoagulants.”

Study Selection and Data Extraction:
Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance to coagulopathy and thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019, and anticoagulant therapy. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles.

Data Synthesis:
Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a strikingly high prevalence of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism that may contribute to respiratory deterioration. Monitoring coagulation variables is important, as abnormal coagulation tests are related to adverse outcomes and may necessitate adjuvant antithrombotic interventions. In the initial phase of the infection, d-dimer and fibrinogen levels are increased, while activated partial prothrombin time, prothrombin time, and platelet counts are often relatively normal. Increased d-dimer levels three times the upper limit of normal may trigger screening for venous thromboembolism. In all hospitalized patients, thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin is currently recommended. The etiology of the procoagulant responses is complex and thought to be a result of specific interactions between host defense mechanisms and the coagulation system. Although the coagulopathy is reminiscent of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy, it has features that are markedly distinct from these entities.

Conclusions:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. d-dimers and fibrinogen levels should be monitored, and all hospitalized patients should undergo thromboembolism prophylaxis with an increase in therapeutic anticoagulation in certain clinical situations.
The Effect of Systemic Chemotherapy on Survival in Patients With Localized, Regional, or Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Urinary Bladder
Authors: Luzzago Stefano , Palumbo Carlotta , Rosiello Giuseppe , Pecoraro Angela , Deuker Marina , Mistretta Francesco A. , Tian Zhe , Musi Gennaro , Montanari Emanuele , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , de Cobelli Ottavio , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
To test the effect of systemic chemotherapy on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder (ADKUB).

Materials and Methods:
Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry (2004 to 2016), we identified patients with localized (T2-3N0M0), regional (T4N0M0/TanyN1-3M0), and metastatic (TanyNanyM1) ADKUB. Temporal trends, Kaplan-Meier plots, and multivariable Cox regression models were used before and after 1:1 propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Results:
Of 1537 patients with ADKUB, 834 (54.0%), 363 (23.5%), and 340 (22.5%) harbored localized, regional, and metastatic disease, respectively. The rates of chemotherapy use increased in localized (estimated annual percentage change [EAPC]: +2.7%; P=0.03) and regional ADKUB (EAPC: +2.4%; P=0.04). Conversely, chemotherapy rates remained stable in metastatic patients (EAPC: +1.6%; P=0.4). In multivariable Cox regression models, chemotherapy use was associated with lower CSM in metastatic ADKUB (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.5; P=0.003), but not in either localized (HR: 0.8; P=0.2) or in regional ADKUB (HR: 1.0; P=0.9). In metastatic ADKUB, the benefit of chemotherapy on CSM persisted after 1:1 propensity score matching (HR: 0.6; P=0.002) and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (HR: 0.4; P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Chemotherapy improves survival in metastatic ADKUB. However, only one out of 2 such patients benefit from chemotherapy. In consequence, greater emphasis on chemotherapy use may be warranted in these patients. Conversely, no benefit was identified in localized or regional ADKUB.
CHOROIDAL GRANULOMAS VISUALIZED BY SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Pichi Francesco , Smith Scott D. , Neri Piergiorgio , Woodstock Elizabeth , Hay Steven , Parrulli Salvatore , Corvi Federico , Mapelli Chiara , Invernizzi Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
To assess the visualization of choroidal granulomas with swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
Consecutive patients with granulomatous choroiditis due to tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, or Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease underwent baseline OCTA images using a 12 × 12-mm field of view, and the choroidal slabs were analyzed by two independent examiners who counted the oval areas of flow void. Simultaneously, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and enhanced-depth imaging OCT were performed to mark visible choroidal changes corresponding to granulomatous lesions. The lesion areas on OCTA and ICGA were assessed using the in-built caliper tool.

Results:
Three hundred and one round-shaped areas of flow void on OCTA, 209 hypofluorescent round lesions on ICGA, and 42 hyporeflective choroidal lesions on enhanced-depth imaging OCT were identified in 23 eyes from 14 patients. Of the 209 ICGA granulomas, 197 (94.3%) had a corresponding round area of flow void on OCTA that was interpreted as a granuloma. One hundred and four additional round flow voids were identified on OCTA that did not correspond to any hypofluorescent lesion on ICGA. The mean area of the 197 granulomas detected with both imaging modalities was significantly larger on ICGA (mean 0.33 mm2) than that on OCTA (mean 0.28 mm2).

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography seems to be an optimal imaging method for the visualization of choroidal granulomas.
Combinations of Job Demands and Job Control and Future Trajectories of Sickness Absence and Disability Pension An 11-year Follow-up of Two Million Employees in Sweden
Authors: Salonen Laura , Alexanderson Kristina , Rugulies Reiner , Framke Elisabeth , Niemelä Mikko , Farrants Kristin 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the association between combinations of job demands/control and future sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) trajectories over 11 years.

Methods:
A population-based prospective cohort study of female (n = 1,079,631) and male (n = 1,107,999) employees in 2001. With group-based trajectory analysis, we modeled the trajectories of annual mean SA/DP days in 2002 to 2012. We predicted trajectory memberships for job demands/control using multinomial regression.

Results:
We found three SA/DP trajectories for women (low stable, medium stable, and high increasing) and two for men (low stable and high increasing). Low demands/low control in women [odds ratio (OR) 1.42; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.38 to 1.45], and low demands and medium/high control in men (equal OR of 1.23; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.28) were strongly associated with high increasing trajectory.

Conclusion:
The associations between job demands/control varied between SA/DP trajectories and between sexes.
Association Between Overtime-Working Environment and Psychological Distress Among Japanese Workers
Authors: Ishida Yoko , Murayama Hiroshi , Fukuda Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The study aims to examine the association between overtime-working environment (OWE) and individual psychological distress among Japanese workers.

Methods:
Data of 7786 workers from 101 companies in Japan were analyzed. Psychological distress was assessed through a 29-item questionnaire. The OWE was evaluated by calculating the proportion of workers whose monthly overtime was 45 hours or more in a workplace. Multilevel logistic regression was used.

Results:
As 10% increase in the OWE was associated with a 16% higher risk of individual psychological distress after adjustment of individual covariates, including overtime working hours. Cross-level interaction showed that the risk was varied depending on individual overtime working hours.

Conclusions:
OWE was associated with the psychological distress of workers. It is necessary to create a non-OWE at workplaces to prevent psychological distress for workers.
Characterization of unexpected survivors following a prehospital plasma randomized trial
Authors: Gruen Danielle S. , Guyette Francis X. , Brown Joshua B. , Daley Brian J. , Miller Richard S. , Harbrecht Brian G. , Claridge Jeffrey A. , Phelan Herb A. , Yazer Mark H. , Neal Matthew D. , Zuckerbraun Brian S. , Sperry Jason L. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND
Prehospital plasma improves survival for severely injured trauma patients transported by air ambulance. We sought to characterize the unexpected survivors, patients who survived despite having high predicted mortality after traumatic injury.

METHODS
The Prehospital Air Medical Plasma trial randomized severely injured patients (n = 501) to receive either standard care (crystalloid) or two units of prehospital plasma followed by standard care fluid resuscitation. We built a generalized linear model to estimate patient mortality. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate model performance. We defined unexpected survivors as patients who had a predicted mortality greater than 50% and survived to 30 days. We characterized patient demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of the unexpected survivors. Observed to expected (O/E) ratios and Z-statistics were calculated using model-estimated mortality for each cohort.

RESULTS
Our model predicted mortality better than Injury Severity Score or Revised Trauma Score parameters and identified 36 unexpected survivors. Compared with expected survivors, unexpected survivors were younger (33 years [24, 52 years] vs. 47 years [32, 59 years], p = 0.013), were more severely injured (Injury Severity Score 34 [22, 50] vs. 18 [10, 27], p < 0.001), had worse organ dysfunction and hospital resource outcomes (multiple organ failure, intensive care unit, hospital length of stay, and ventilator days), and were more likely to receive prehospital plasma (67 vs. 46%, p = 0.031). Nonsurvivors with high predicted mortality were more likely to receive standard care resuscitation (p < 0.001). Unexpected survivors who received prehospital plasma had a lower observed to expected mortality than those that received standard care resuscitation (O/E 0.56 [0.33–0.84] vs. 1.0 [0.73–1.32]). The number of prehospital plasma survivors (24) exceeded the number of predicted survivors (n = 10) estimated by our model (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Prehospital plasma is associated with an increase in the number of unexpected survivors following severe traumatic injury. Prehospital interventions may improve the probability of survival for injured patients with high predicted mortality based on early injury characteristics, vital signs, and resuscitation measures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic Level III.
Relationship Between Abnormalities in Resting-State Quantitative Electroencephalogram Patterns and Poststroke Depression
Authors: Li Xinyuan , Yue Lang , Liu Jing , Lv Xiaomin , Lv Yang 
Published: May 2020

Purpose:
Spectral power analysis of quantitative EEG has gained popularity in the assessment of depression, but findings across studies concerning poststroke depression (PSD) have been inconsistent. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which abnormalities in quantitative EEG differentiate patients with PSD from poststroke nondepressed (PSND) subjects.

Methods:
Resting-state EEG signals of 34 participants (11 patients with PSD and 23 PSND subjects) were recorded, and then the spectral power analysis for six frequency bands (alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, delta, and theta) was conducted at 16 electrodes. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between depression severity measured with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total score and absolute power values. In addition, receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative EEG in discriminating PSD.

Results:
In comparison with PSND patients, PSD patients showed significantly higher alpha1 power in left temporal region and alpha2 power at left frontal pole. Higher theta power in central, temporal, and occipital regions was observed in patients with PSD. The results of Pearson linear correlation analysis showed significant association between HDRS total score and the absolute alpha1 power in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions.

Conclusions:
Absolute powers of alpha and theta bands significantly distinguish between PSD patients and PSND subjects. Besides, absolute alpha1 power is positively associated with the severity of depression.
Characterization of chondroitinase-induced lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in a sheep model intended for assessing biomaterials
Authors: Borem Ryan , Walters Joshua , Madeline Allison , Madeline Lee , Gill Sanjitpal , Easley Jeremiah , Mercuri Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) leads to structural and functional changes. Biomaterials for restoring IVD function and promoting regeneration are currently being investigated; however, such approaches require validation using animal models that recapitulate clinical, biochemical, and biomechanical hallmarks of the human pathology. Herein, we comprehensively characterized a sheep model of chondroitinase-ABC (C-ABC) induced IVDD. Briefly, C-ABC (1U) was injected into the L1/2, L2/3, and L3/4IVDs. Degeneration was assessed via longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) and radiographic imaging. Additionally, kinematic, biochemical, and histological analyses were performed on explanted functional spinal units (FSUs). At 17-weeks, C-ABC treated IVDs demonstrated significant reductions in MR index (p=0.030) and disc height (p=0.009) compared to pre-operative values. Additionally, C-ABC treated IVDs exhibited significantly increased creep displacement (p=0.004) and axial range of motion (p=0.007) concomitant with significant decreases in tensile (p=0.034) and torsional (p=0.021) stiffnesses and long-term viscoelastic properties (p=0.016). C-ABC treated IVDs also exhibited a significant decrease in NP glycosaminoglycan: hydroxyproline ratio (p=0.002) and changes in microarchitecture, particularly in the NP and endplates, compared to uninjured IVDs. Taken together, this study demonstrated that intradiscal injection of C-ABC induces significant degeneration in sheep lumbar IVDs and its potential for use in evaluating biomaterials for IVD repair.Statement of SignificanceSelecting the appropriate model for assessing biomaterials to repair and/or support regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has been controversial, leading to the use of many methods of simulating IVD degeneration (IVDD) in multiple species. Many of these models lack thorough characterization of their fidelity to human IVDD, which could hinder the translation of novel biomaterials and therapies due to unknown confounding factors. Herein, further investigation of one such model was performed using the matrix-degrading enzyme chondroitinase-ABC to induce degeneration in sheep lumbar IVDs. Degenerative changes were quantified using outcome measures relevant to human IVDD, and this dosage and method induces an aggressive degeneration environment that could be used to assess biomaterials that mimic the structure and function of the entire composite IVD. These findings may aid investigators in their selection of an appropriate animal model for preclinical testing of biomaterials and other therapeutics.