bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological evidence that three known mutations in the para-sodium channel gene confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus
Authors: Cossío-Bayúgar Raquel , Miranda-Miranda Estefan , Martínez-Ibañez Francisco , Narváez-Padilla Verónica , Reynaud Enrique 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Acaricide resistance is a central problem for the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The physiological effects and phenotypes of the mutations that cause acaricide resistance are not always well understood or characterized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance (kdr) have been reported in R. microplus. These SNPs have been associated and correlated with pyrethroid resistance although there is no direct physiological evidence that their presence does confer kdr in this organism.

Methods
Resistant and susceptible strain resistance profiles were obtained using the larval packet discriminating dose assay. The relevant genomic regions of the para-sodium channel were amplified using standard PCR; SNPs were detected by sequencing the corresponding amplicons. Ovary response to cypermethrin exposure/treatment was evaluated using videometrical analysis.

Results
We found that the pyrethroid resistance trait is stable in a resistant reference strain after years without selection, suggesting that the resistance conferring mutations are fixed in the population. In this strain, a change in the structure of the pre-synaptic para-sodium channel caused by the G184C, the C190A and the T2134A SNPs appears to confer resistance. These mutations are absent in the susceptible strain used as control. We demonstrate that cypermethrin blocks ovary contraction in cypermethrin-susceptible ticks. We also show that ovaries from organisms that carry the kdr associated SNPs still contract at cypermethrin concentrations that completely block ovary contraction in the susceptible strain. The configuration of the experimental system excludes a xenobiotic detoxification mechanism.

Conclusions
This is the first report that presents physiological evidence that the presence of the G184C, the C190A, and the T2134A mutations in the para-sodium channel correlates with maintaining muscle contractility in R. microplus exposed to cypermethrin. These SNPs may confer cypermethrin resistance in this organism by avoiding presynaptic blockage, inhibiting the flaccid muscle paralysis characteristic of this acaricide. The videometric assay that we previously validated can be used to detect more rapidly than other assays that involve larval mortality kdr-like cypermethrin resistant tick strains, permitting to directly assay adult pre-engorged females after they are collected on the field without waiting until eggs are laid and larvae eclose.
Phylogenetic lineage of GII.17 norovirus identified among children in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: Osazuwa Favour , Grobler Hailey Seth , Johnson William 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Norovirus is a major cause of diarrhea among children worldwide. This present report highlight’s the genetic homology patterns of GII.17 noroviruses detected among children under-5 years of age with diarrhea in the South-South, region of Nigeria. Stool specimens were collected from 300 children with diarrhea and analyzed for norovirus using conventional reverse transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction. Sequencing of the capsid region was performed to genotype the strains

Results
36/300 (12.0%) of patients were positive for norovirus by RT-PCR. 7/36 (19.4%) (5 GI.3 and 2 GI.5) were GI others where typed to be GII. All GII.17 norovirus identified in this study, 3/29 (10.3%) where typed to belong to the recently discovered GII.17 Kawasaki strain. This study report for the first time the detection of norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki strain in South-South, region of Nigeria.
Properties of solutions to fractional p-subLaplace equations on the Heisenberg group
Authors: Wang Xinjing , Du Guangwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study properties of solutions to the fractional p-subLaplace equations on the Heisenberg group. Based on the maximum principles and the generalization of the direct method of moving planes, we obtain the symmetry and monotonicity of the solutions on the whole group and the Liouville property of solutions on a half space.
Burn injuries related to E-cigarettes reported to poison control centers in the United States, 2010–2019
Authors: Wang Baoguang , Liu Sherry T. , Rostron Brian , Hayslett Camille 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
United States (U.S.) national data indicate that 2035 individuals with burn injuries from e-cigarette explosions presented to U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) in 2015–2017. This national estimate is valuable for understanding the burden of burn injuries from e-cigarette explosions among individuals who presented to EDs. However, little is known about individuals who experienced e-cigarette-related burns but may not present to EDs or health care facilities.

Findings
We analyzed data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) to describe frequency and characteristics of e-cigarette-related burn cases in the U.S. in 2010–2019. NPDS contains information collected during telephone calls to poison control centers (PCCs) across the U.S., including e-cigarette-related burns and other unintended events. During 2010–2019, 19,306 exposure cases involving e-cigarettes were documented in NPDS. Of those, 69 were burn cases. The number of burn cases increased from one in 2011 to a peak of 26 in 2016, then decreased to three in 2019. The majority of the burn cases occurred among young adults aged 18–24 years (29.0%; n = 20) and adults aged 25 years or older (43.5%; n = 30); 14.4% (n = 10) occurred among individuals ≤17 years old. Of the 69 burn cases, 5.8% (n = 4) were admitted to a hospital; 65.2% (n = 45) were treated and released; 15.9% (n = 11) were not referred to a health care facility (HCF); 4.4% (n = 3) refused referral or did not arrive at an HCF; and 8.7% (n = 6) were lost to follow-up or left the HCF against medical advice. Nearly one-third (30.4%; n = 21) of the cases had a minor effect (symptoms resolved quickly), 47.8% (n = 33) had a moderate effect (symptoms were more pronounced and prolonged than in minor cases, but not life-threatening), and 2.9% (n = 2) had a major effect (life-threatening symptoms).

Conclusions
Approximately one-fifth of e-cigarette-related burn cases reported to PCCs were not referred to or did not arrive at an HCF. Some burn cases had serious medical outcomes. The burn cases mostly affected young adults and adults aged 25 years or older. The number of burn cases in NPDS represents a small portion of e-cigarette-related burn cases but it can serve as a complementary data source to traditional injury surveillance systems.
Visual quality of juvenile myopes wearing multifocal soft contact lenses
Authors: Huang Xiaopeng , Wang Feifu , Lin Zhiyi , He Yifan , Wen Shuyun , Zhou Ling , Lu Fan , Jiang Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs) affect visual quality when they are used for myopia control in juvenile myopes. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of MFSCLs on visual quality among juvenile myopia subjects.MethodsIn a prospective, intervention study, thirty-three juvenile myopes were enrolled. Visual perception was assessed by a quality of vision (QoV) questionnaire with spectacles at baseline and after 1 month of MFSCL wear. At the one-month visit, the high (96%) contrast distance visual acuity (distance HCVA) and low (10%) contrast distance visual acuity (distance LCVA) were measured with single vision spectacle lenses, single vision soft contact lenses (SVSCLs) and MFSCLs in a random order. Wavefront aberrations were measured with SVSCLs, with MFSCLs, and without any correction.ResultsNeither distance HCVA (p > 0.05) nor distance LCVA (p > 0.05) revealed any significant difference between MFSCLs, SVSCLs and single vision spectacle lenses. The overall score (the sum of ten symptoms) of the QoV questionnaire did not show a statistically significant difference between spectacles at baseline and after 1 month of MFSCL wear (p = 0.357). The results showed that the frequency (p < 0.001), severity (p = 0.001) and bothersome degree (p = 0.016) of halos were significantly worse when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single vision spectacle lenses. In contrast, the bothersome degree caused by focusing difficulty (p = 0.046) and the frequency of difficulty in judging distance or depth perception (p = 0.046) were better when wearing MFSCLs than when wearing single vision spectacle lenses. Compared with the naked eye, MFSCLs increased the total aberrations (p < 0.001), higher-order aberrations (p < 0.001), trefoil (p = 0.023), coma aberrations (p < 0.001) and spherical aberrations (SA) (p < 0.001). Compared with the SVSCLs, MFSCLs increased the total aberrations (p < 0.001), higher-order aberrations (p < 0.001), coma aberrations (p < 0.001) and SA (p < 0.001). The direction of SA was more positive (p < 0.001) with the MFSCLs and more negative (p = 0.001) with the SVSCLs compared with the naked eye.ConclusionsWearing MFSCLs can provide satisfactory corrected visual acuity (both distance HCVA and distance LCVA). Although the lenses increased the aberrations, such as total aberrations and higher-order aberrations, there were few adverse effects on the distance HCVA, distance LCVA and visual perception after 1 month of MFSCL use.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-OOC-17012103. Registered 23 July 2017,http://www.chictr.org.cn/usercenter.aspx
Emerging roles of Toll-like receptor 9 in cardiometabolic disorders
Authors: Nishimoto Sachiko , Fukuda Daiju , Sata Masataka 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that damage-associated molecule patterns (DAMPs) and their receptors, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), are associated with the progression of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Cardiometabolic disorders share sterile chronic inflammation as a major cause; however, the exact mechanisms are still obscure. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), one of the nucleic acid-sensing TLRs, recognizes DNA fragments derived from pathogens and contributes to self-defense by activation of the innate immune system. In addition, previous studies demonstrated that TLR9 recognizes DNA fragments released from host cells, accelerating sterile inflammation, which is associated with inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases. In obese adipose tissue and atherosclerotic vascular tissue, various stresses release DNA fragments and/or nuclear proteins as DAMPs from degenerated adipocytes and vascular cells. Recent studies indicated that the activation of TLR9 in immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells by recognition of these DAMPs promotes inflammation in these tissues, which causes cardiometabolic disorders. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the role of sterile inflammation associated with TLR9 and its endogenous ligands in cardiometabolic disorders. New insights into innate immunity may provide better understanding of cardiometabolic disorders and new therapeutic options for these major health threats in recent decades.
First stage psychometric testing of a new instrument for adolescents with visual impairment: the Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI-CY) 13–17 years
Authors: Elsman Ellen B. M. , van Nispen Ruth M. A. , van Rens Gerardus H. M. B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To assess participation of children with visual impairment, the Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth (PAI-CY) was recently developed. This study assessed some initial psychometric properties of the PAI-CY 13–17 years version, and investigated its feasibility.

Methods
Adolescents with visual impairment and their parents (n = 72 dyads) completed the self-report and proxy-report version of the 58-item PAI-CY, an evaluation form and several questionnaires measuring related constructs. Item deletion was informed by item responses, inter-item correlations, test-retest reliability, adolescent-parent agreement and participants’ feedback. Known-group validity and concurrent validity with related questionnaires were investigated for the final item-set.

Results
Twelve items had > 20% missing values, whereas 39 items showed floor effects. Eight item pairs showed high inter-item correlations. Test-retest reliability was acceptable for most items (kappa ≥0.4). Evaluation forms showed that over 90% of respondents was neutral to very positive regarding several feasibility aspects such as administration time and comprehensiveness. Adolescent-parent agreement was mostly low. These results informed the deletion of three items. Known-group validity seemed adequate since PAI-CY scores were significantly worse for participants with comorbidity compared to those without. A trend towards worse scores for participants with more severe visual impairment was also observed. Correlations between the PAI-CY and related questionnaires confirmed concurrent validity.

Conclusions
Initial psychometric properties of the PAI-CY 13–17 were acceptable, although more work is needed to assess other psychometric properties, such as the underlying construct. Following implementation in low vision care to assess participation needs, enabling larger samples, acceptability of the PAI-CY 13–17 to end-users should be carefully monitored, especially if alterations are made based on the current study.
Why the preclinical imaging field needs nuclear medicine technologists and radiographers?
Authors: Dillenseger J.-P. , Choquet P. , Snay E. R. , Fragoso Costa P. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Preclinical imaging is still seen as a new field, and its recognition as a specific topic occurring only about 20 years ago. Nuclear medicine technologists (NMTs) and radiographers’ skills covering technical, anatomical and clinical fields can be highly beneficial to preclinical imaging research centres: many tasks and knowledge are complementary between clinics and preclinical laboratories. Our goal is to reach a consensus on the required set of competencies needed to translate the work of NMTs and radiographers from the clinic to the preclinical laboratory, particularly in regard to multimodal imaging.

Preclinical imaging environment
Currently, all imaging modalities used in clinical routine (ultrasound, CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, radiographs) are available, using specific architectures allowing for the spatial resolution and sensitivity needed for small rodents (which are the most commonly used species in research). Ideally, a preclinical laboratory should produce images/examinations at a high throughput in order to meet the statistical expectations of the studies (while respecting the 3R principles for animal research) and the care and welfare of each individual. To reach the quality and throughput expectations of such an organization, specific qualified professionals are needed to complete the scientific/research staff.

Where NMTs and radiographers fit in
The increasing use of preclinical imaging requires professionals who can put imaging procedures into action, ensuring a significant success throughput. NMTs and radiographers have a variety of skills that work well within a preclinical laboratory, with the ability to perform the following tasks independently: animal preparation, positioning, monitoring and anaesthesia recovery, acquisition parameter programming, archiving and data processing, device quality controls, surface cleaning and disinfection, radioactive and biological waste management, radiation safety for users, use of hot lab equipment and auxiliary equipment, injected products and material management. In light of the current European Qualification Framework, a set of skills, knowledge and competencies were defined to cover the whole set of duties and tasks deliverable to an NMT or radiographer working in a preclinical laboratory. One of the key responsibilities of the NMT or radiographer is related to compliance on animal care and welfare when undertaking any animal procedures, including imaging.

Conclusion
We believe that NMTs and radiographers’ skills match perfectly with the requirements of a preclinical imaging lab, and that they could be considered a keystone of such an organization in the future. Moreover, some evidence has also shown that an experienced NMT or radiographer in this sector can take on roles as research investigators.
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease in a population-based cross-sectional case-control study
Authors: Renvert Stefan , Berglund Johan Sanmartin , Persson G. Rutger , Söderlin Maria K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis remains unclear.

Methods
We studied oral health and periodontitis in a population-based case-control study of individuals with ≥10 remaining teeth ≥61 years of age and either with, or without a diagnosis of RA. 126 dentate individuals with RA were recruited together with age-matched control individuals without RA. The control individuals were recruited from the general population from the same city (n = 249). A dental examination including a panoramic radiograph was performed on all participants. All individuals with RA were examined and medical records were reviewed by a rheumatologist. In the control group, none of the participants presented with symptoms of RA and their medical records were also negative.

Results
The RA group included more women (66.7% vs. 55.8%) (p < 0.01). Individuals in the RA group had a higher body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001). A diagnosis of periodontitis was more common in the RA group (61.1%) than in the control group (33.7%) (p = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis identified that a BMI > 25 (OR 6.2, 95% CI 3.6, 10.5, p = 0.000), periodontitis (OR 2.5 95% CI 1.5, 4.2 p = 0.000), and female gender (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0, p = 0.003) were associated with RA.

Conclusion
RA was associated a diagnosis of periodontitis.
Association between opioid use disorder (tramadol) and serum level of interleukin-2
Authors: Darweesh Alaa-Eldin , Agban M. , Mohammed Mona H. , Gabra Romany H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundTramadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting analgesic drug that has turned out to be a drug of growing interest due to its success in the management of pain in humans. By considering the twin mechanism of action of tramadol, as the activation of the opioid and of the monoaminergic systems, the potential immunological effects of this drug should be considered and be evaluated. Studies show that Tramadol induces an improvement of postoperative immune suppression and increases NK cell activity, lymphocyte proliferation, and IL-2 production which may be linked to its addictive potentiality. The present study aims to investigate the possible association between opioid use disorder (tramadol) and the serum level of interleukin-2 (IL-2).An observational cross sectional study conducted at the Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Unit of the Addiction Management Unit of the Neurology and Psychiatry Department of Assiut University Hospital. Assessment of serum level of IL-2 for 59 male patients diagnosed with opioid use disorder (tramadol) according to DSM-5 compared to 32 cross-matched male individuals as a control group.ResultsComparing the serum level of IL-2 in patients with opioid use disorder (tramadol) with that of the controls, it was found that the patients with opioid use disorder (tramadol) have significantly higher serum level of IL-2 (318.69 ± 35.89) than that of controls (260.45 ± 30.08) (P= 0.01). Patients with tramadol urine assay (> 200 ng/ml) have significantly higher serum level of IL-2.ConclusionThe current study found that patients with opioid use disorder (tramadol) have significantly elevated serum levels of IL-2 than healthy controls. Also, this elevation was dose related.
Doppler ultrasound contribution in vesico-peritoneal and vesico-cutaneous fistulas diagnosis: two case reports of a new sign
Authors: Adigo Amégninou Mawuko Yao , Adambounou Kokou , Kouevi-Koko Tete Edem , Bakpatina-Batako Kpalma Duga , Adjénou Komlanvi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Report cases of vesico-peritoneal and vesico-cutaneous fistulas suspected to Doppler ultrasound confirmed by CT scan/conventional cystography and successfully treated.

Case presentation
Two male patients of 35- and 36-year-old, without any medical past history, had presented anuria and absence of miction respectively after a road traffic accident and a piece of wood penetrating the left thigh. The physical examination revealed lower limbs hematoma and severe abdominal pain in the man of 35 years and a sutured wound of the left thigh of 4 cm with a bright liquid flowing from it with the characteristic smell of urine in the man of 36 years. A Doppler ultrasound was made. The Doppler had shown normal ureteral jets but with a third abnormal flux which went from interior to exterior of the urinary bladder for the first patient and from the bladder to the left inguinal cutaneous tissue for the second patient. The treatment was a Foley’s catheter into the bladder with antibiotics in the two cases after excision and separate suture of the peritoneum and bladder during umbilical laparotomy in the first case. The suites were simples.

Conclusions
The diagnostic contribution of CT/conventional cystography is well known and undisputed, but for Doppler ultrasound, it is anecdotal like in these cases we report. Nevertheless, there is a need to evaluate the semiological value of Doppler ultrasound contribution on a greater sample.
Cardiac MRI in evaluation of post-operative congenital heart disease and complications
Authors: Saraya Samira , Woodard Pamela , Bhalla Sanjeev , Gutierrez Fernando , Saraya Mahmoud , Soliman Hazem Hamed 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work is to assess the uses of cardiac MR in evaluating post-operative congenital heart disease procedures and related complications.

Results
This is a retrospective study done in between December 2015 and October 2017, including 71 patients with age ranging from 6 months to 33 years (mean age 16.75). All of the patients were referred for post-operative evaluation after echocardiographic examination to exclude post-operative complications and to plan for re-intervention if needed. Forty-three percent of patients suffered from post-operative complications. The most common congenital heart disease coming for post-operative evaluation was tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) which represented 32% of the cases. The most common post-operative complication in all procedures was pulmonary branch stenosis (12.6%) followed by patch dilatation (9.8 %) and right ventricular failure (7%). In 7 patients following TOF repair, there was aneurysmal dilatation of the patch with significant pulmonary regurgitation. The regurgitation fraction was less than 40% in 3 of them, while the remaining 4 cases showed regurgitation fraction of more than 40%, an indication for re-intervention.

Conclusion
MRI is an extremely useful imaging method for evaluation of normal and abnormal findings after surgical repair for congenital heart disease. It is effective in providing long-term surveillance and identifying post-procedural complications, which allowed us to further intervene on a timely manner when deemed necessary.