bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh repairing using topology graphs
Authors: Charton Jerome , Baek Stephen , Kim Youngjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGeometrical and topological inconsistencies, such as self-intersections and non-manifold elements, are common in triangular meshes, causing various problems across all stages of geometry processing. In this paper, we propose a method to resolve these inconsistencies using a graph-based approach. We first convert geometrical inconsistencies into topological inconsistencies and construct a topology graph. We then define local pairing operations on the topology graph, which is guaranteed not to introduce new inconsistencies. The final output of our method is an oriented manifold with all geometrical and topological inconsistencies fixed. Validated against a large data set, our method overcomes chronic problems in the relevant literature. First, our method preserves the original geometry and it does not introduce a negative volume or false new data, as we do not impose any heuristic assumption (e.g. watertight mesh). Moreover, our method does not introduce new geometric inconsistencies, guaranteeing inconsistency-free outcome.
Urca nuclide production in Type-I X-ray bursts and implications for nuclear physics studies
Authors: Merz Grant , Meisel Zach 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The thermal structure of accreting neutron stars is affected by the presence of urca nuclei in the neutron star crust. Nuclear isobars harbouring urca nuclides can be produced in the ashes of Type I X-ray bursts, but the details of their production have not yet been explored. Using the code MESA, we investigate urca nuclide production in a one-dimensional model of Type I X-ray bursts using astrophysical conditions thought to resemble the source GS 1826-24. We find that high-mass (A ≥ 55) urca nuclei are primarily produced late in the X-ray burst, during hydrogen-burning freeze-out that corresponds to the tail of the burst light curve. The ∼0.4–0.6 GK temperature relevant for the nucleosynthesis of these urca nuclides is much lower than the ∼1 GK temperature most relevant for X-ray burst light curve impacts by nuclear reaction rates involving high-mass nuclides. The latter temperature is often assumed for nuclear physics studies. Therefore, our findings alter the excitation energy range of interest in compound nuclei for nuclear physics studies of urca nuclide production. We demonstrate that for some cases this will need to be considered in planning for nuclear physics experiments. Additionally, we show that the lower temperature range for urca nuclide production explains why variations of some nuclear reaction rates in model calculations impacts the burst light curve but not local features of the burst ashes.
Highly turbulent gas on GMC scales in NGC 3256, the nearest luminous infrared galaxy
Authors: Brunetti Nathan , Wilson Christine D , Sliwa Kazimierz , Schinnerer Eva , Aalto Susanne , Peck Alison B 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the highest resolution CO (2–1) observations obtained to date (0.25 arcsec) of NGC 3256 and use them to determine the detailed properties of the molecular interstellar medium in the central 6 kpc of this merger. Distributions of physical quantities are reported from pixel-by-pixel measurements at 55 and 120 pc scales and compared to disc galaxies observed by PHANGS-ALMA (Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS with Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array). Mass surface densities range from 8 to 5500 M⊙ pc−2 and velocity dispersions from 10 to 200 km s−1. Peak brightness temperatures as large as 37 K are measured, indicating the gas in NGC 3256 may be hotter than all regions in nearby disc galaxies measured by PHANGS-ALMA. Brightness temperatures even surpass those in the overlap region of NGC 4038/9 at the same scales. The majority of the gas appears unbound with median virial parameters of 7–19, although external pressure may bind some of the gas. High internal turbulent pressures of 105–1010 K cm−3 are found. Given the lack of significant trends in surface density, brightness temperature, and velocity dispersion with physical scale we argue the molecular gas is made up of a smooth medium down to 55 pc scales, unlike the more structured medium found in the PHANGS-ALMA disc galaxies.
Black hole spin evolution in warped accretion discs
Authors: Cenci Elia , Sala Luca , Lupi Alessandro , Capelo Pedro R , Dotti Massimo 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Massive black holes (BHs) inhabiting galactic nuclei can be described by two parameters only, i.e. mass and spin, that change through cosmic time in response to accretion and merger events. While most numerical simulations accurately track the BH mass, spin evolution is rarely taken into account. In this work, we implement and validate a self-consistent sub-grid model for the evolution of the BH mass and spin via gas accretion in the hydrodynamics code gizmo. The model assumes that accretion from resolved scales does not occur instantaneously but is mediated by a sub-grid geometrically thin α-disc. After validating our model semi-analytically, we test it in an idealized environment consisting of a circumnuclear disc, where gas accretion on to the accretion disc is consistently determined by gizmo. In the absence of any accretion-related feedback, the spin evolution closely traces that observed in the semi-analytical models, and depends on the free parameters of our implementation, such as the initial BH spin, angular momentum of the accretion disc, and radius at which the gas inflow circularizes. In gizmo, we also couple our model with the biconical-outflow model presented in a companion paper, wherein the feedback axis is always aligned with the BH spin. In this last case, the evolution of the central BH differs significantly from the previous cases, since the feedback process modifies the gas dynamics and its inflow rates from resolved scales. Such an interaction cannot be modelled by simple semi-analytical models and should be treated using full N-body hydrodynamical simulations.
Rest-frame UV spectroscopy of extreme [O iii] emitters at 1.3 &lt; z &lt; 3.7: toward a high-redshift UV reference sample for JWST
Authors: Tang Mengtao , Stark Daniel P , Chevallard Jacopo , Charlot Stéphane , Endsley Ryan , Congiu Enrico 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Deep spectroscopy of galaxies in the reionization era has revealed intense C iii] and C iv line emission (equivalent width, EW &gt;15–20 Å). In order to interpret the nebular emission emerging at z &gt; 6, we have begun targeting rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines in galaxies with large specific star formation rates (sSFRs) at 1.3 &lt; z &lt; 3.7. We find that C iii] reaches the EWs seen at z &gt; 6 only in large sSFR galaxies with [O iii]+Hβ EW &gt;1500 Å. In contrast to previous studies, we find that many galaxies with intense [O iii] have weak C iii] emission (EW = 5–8 Å), suggesting that the radiation field associated with young stellar populations is not sufficient to power strong C iii]. Photoionization models demonstrate that the spread in C iii] among systems with large sSFRs ([O iii]+Hβ EW &gt;1500 Å) is driven by variations in metallicity, a result of the extreme sensitivity of C iii] to electron temperature. We find that the strong C iii] emission seen at z &gt; 6 (EW &gt;15 Å) requires metal-poor gas (≃ 0.1 Z⊙), whereas the weaker C iii] emission in our sample tends to be found at moderate metallicities (≃ 0.3 Z⊙). The luminosity distribution of the C iii] emitters in our z ≃ 1–3 sample presents a consistent picture, with stronger emission generally linked to low-luminosity systems (MUV &gt; −19.5) where low metallicities are more likely. We quantify the fraction of strong C iii] and C iv emitters at z ≃ 1–3, providing a baseline for comparison against z &gt; 6 samples. We suggest that the first UV line detections at z &gt; 6 can be explained if a significant fraction of the early galaxy population is found at large sSFR (&gt;200 Gyr−1) and low metallicity (&lt; 0.1 Z⊙).
A randomized trial of stereotactic versus conventional radiotherapy in young patients with low-grade brain tumors: occupational therapy-based neurocognitive data
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Goda Jayant S , Gupta Tejpal , Kamble Rashmi , Mokal Smruti , Krishnatry Rahul , Sarin Rajiv , Jalali Rakesh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy for brain tumors in young patients is not only associated with improved survival but also long-term neurocognitive sequelae. We aimed to compare group differences in the executive neurocognitive outcomes in young patients with low-grade brain tumors treated with stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT) and conventional RT (ConvRT) techniques.

Methods
This a phase 3 randomized trial that enrolled 200 young patients with benign brain tumors and low-grade gliomas. Patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to either SCRT or ConvRT arms and treated to a dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions over 6 weeks. Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment battery was performed at preradiotherapy baseline, 6 months, and annually thereafter until 5 years. Executive functions measures included orientation, visual perception, spatial perception, motor praxis, visuomotor organization, thinking operations, and attention and concentration. The trajectory of these parameters was compared between the treatment arms over 5 years.

Results
Two hundred patients were enrolled in the study (SCRT: 104 and ConvRT: 96). The median age was 13 years (interquartile range: 9–17); mean total neurocognitive scores over 5 years were significantly superior in SCRT arm as compared to ConvRT (difference in slope: 2.27, P = .024). Outcomes improved in the SCRT arm vis-à-vis ConvRT for the subdomain of visuomotor organization (difference in slope: 0.66, P &lt; .001). Visuomotor organization scores significantly improved in majority of the substratification groups. Spatial perception improved in craniopharyngioma patients with SCRT technique as opposed to ConvRT.

Conclusions
SCRT achieved superior outcomes compared to ConvRT in certain executive neurocognitive functional domains. We provide high level of evidence in favor of SCRT.
Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00517959.
The gender pay gap in the UK: children and experience in work
Authors: Costa Dias Monica , Joyce Robert , Parodi Francesca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, we document the evolution of the gender pay gap in the UK over the past three decades and its association with fertility, examining the role of various differences in career patterns between men and women and how they change with the arrival of the first child. We show that differences in accumulated years of labour market experience play an important role, while differences in industry, occupation, and job characteristics explain less, conditional on working experience. We develop an empirical wage model to estimate the causal effect of working experience on the wages of women. Estimates from this model are then used to simulate two counterfactual scenarios in which women who are employed always work full-time, or women’s rates of both part-time and full-time work are the same as men’s. We find that differences in working experience explain up to two-thirds of the gender pay gap of college graduates 20 years after the first childbirth, and that the gap is largely driven by differences in full-time experience. The role of working experience is more moderate for individuals with no college education, but it can still account for about one-third of the overall long-term gender wage gap.
Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity and Chronic Pain in a Community Sample of Canadian Men
Authors: Wuest Judith , O’Donnell Sue , Scott-Storey Kelly , Malcolm Jeannie , Vincent Charlene D , Taylor Petrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
To create a descriptive profile of chronic pain severity in men with lifetime cumulative violence histories, as a target and/or a perpetrator, and investigate how chronic pain severity is associated with and predicted by lifetime cumulative violence severity and known determinants of chronic pain.

Methods
Analysis of variance and binary logistic regression were performed on data collected in an online survey with a community convenience sample of 653 men who reported experiences of lifetime violence.

Results
The prevalence of high-intensity / high-disability pain in men with lifetime violence was 35.8%. Total Cumulative Lifetime Violence Severity-44 (CLVS-44) scores were significantly associated with high-intensity / high-disability chronic pain measured by the Chronic Pain Grade Scale (odds ratio= 8.40). In a model with 10 CLVS-44 subscale scores, only psychological workplace violence as a target (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]= 1.44) and lifetime family physical violence as a target (aOR= 1.42) significantly predicted chronic pain severity. In a multivariate model, chronic pain severity was predicted by CLVS-44 total score (aOR= 2.69), age (aOR= 1.02), injury with temporary impairment (aOR= 1.99), number of chronic conditions (aOR= 1.37), and depressive symptoms (aOR= 1.03).

Conclusion
The association between lifetime cumulative violence severity and chronic pain severity in men is important new information suggesting the need for trauma- and violence-informed approaches to assessment and intervention with men. This is the first analysis using CLVS-44 subscales to understand which configurations of lifetime cumulative violence may be most predictive of chronic pain severity; further investigation is needed to confirm these findings.
Evaluation of a commercial genetic test for fescue toxicosis in pregnant Angus beef cattle1
Authors: Galliou Justine M , Khanal Piush , Mayberry Kyle , Poore Matt H , Poole Daniel H , Serão Nick V L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Most tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] in the Southeastern United States contains an endophyte that causes fescue toxicosis (FT) in grazing animals, a serious disease that causes approximately $1 billion in economic losses to the animal industries in the United States. Recently, a genetic test called T-Snip (AgBotanica, LCC, Columbia, MO), was developed with the objective of identifying animals with genetic variation for FT tolerance. The aim of this study was to validate the use of this genetic test in mature, pregnant cows. Over 13 wk, weekly phenotypic data, including body weight, rectal temperatures, hair coat scores, hair shedding scores, and body condition scores, were collected on 148 pregnant purebred Angus cows at 2 locations in NC where infected fescue was the primary source of feed. Birth weights (cBW) and 205-d adjusted weaning weights (adjWW) from these cow’s calves were recorded. All cows were genotyped for T-Snip. At the end of the trial, each phenotypic trait was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of performance on weeks. The effect of T-Snip rating genotypes (4 levels) on slope traits was tested using a linear model also including the fixed-effects of location, parity, and the initial measurement for each trait (covariate). For cBW and adjWW, the model also included the sex of the calf and the month of birth as categorical effects. Associations of T-Snip genotypes were observed for body weight gain (aBWd) of pregnant cows (P = 0.15; interaction with location), change in body condition score (aBCSd; P = 0.13), and adjWW (P = 0.06; interaction with location). For aBWd and adjWW, associations were found just within one location (P = 0.017 and 0.047, respectively), which was the location with higher endophyte infection rate. For all associations, the direction of the T-Snip genotypes was the same and as expected: the greater the genotype score, the better performance. No associations were found for the other traits (P &gt; 0.10). These results indicate that the T-Snip test may be predictive of cow performance (aBWd, aBCSd, and adjWW) in an endophyte-infected tall fescue environment.
Corticostriatal Projections of Macaque Area 44
Authors: Korponay Cole , Choi Eun Young , Haber Suzanne N 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ventrolateral frontal area 44 is implicated in inhibitory motor functions and facilitating prefrontal control over vocalization. The contribution of corticostriatal circuits to area 44 functions is unclear, as prior investigation of area 44 projections to the striatum—a central structure in motor circuits—is limited. Here, we used anterograde and retrograde tracing in macaques to map the innervation zone of area 44 corticostriatal projections, quantify their strengths, and evaluate their convergence with corticostriatal projections from other frontal cortical regions. First, whereas terminal fields from a rostral area 44 injection site were found primarily in the central caudate nucleus, those from a caudal area 44 injection site were found primarily in the ventrolateral putamen. Second, amongst sampled injection sites, area 44 input as a percentage of total frontal cortical input was highest in the ventral putamen at the level of the anterior commissure. Third, area 44 projections converged with orofacial premotor area 6VR and other motor-related projections (in the putamen), and with nonmotor prefrontal projections (in the caudate nucleus). Findings support the role of area 44 as an interface between motor and nonmotor functional domains, possibly facilitated by rostral and caudal area 44 subregions with distinct corticostriatal connectivity profiles.
1Black Critical and Cultural Theory
Authors: Anucha Kelechi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews black critical and cultural theory under the following headings: 1. Introduction; 2. Cultural Studies (Kara Keeling, Queer Times, Black Futures, Jennifer C. Nash, Black Feminism Reimagined: After Intersectionality, and Tiffany Lethabo King, The Black Shoals: Offshore Formations of Black and Native Studies); 3. History and Sociology (Saidiya Hartman, Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments, and Ruha Benjamin, Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code); 4. Interdisciplinary Literary Studies (Therí Alyce Pickens, Black Madness :: Mad Blackness).
Esophageal intramural squamous cell carcinomas presenting as subepithelial lesions removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Zhu He , Shi Bing , Li Fudong , Xu Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Esophageal subepithelial lesions (SELs) are rare, and the majority of them are benign. SELs are often covered with normal mucosa, thereby resulting in some malignant SELs to be easily missed or misdiagnosed. We report 2 cases of esophageal intramural squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) that presented as SELs and were endoscopically removed.

Patient concerns:
Case 1 is a 63-year-old man with abdominal distension; case 2 is a 65-year-old man with increasing dysphagia for 2 months.

Diagnosis:
In case 1, endoscopy showed a 1.5-cm mucosal eminence with normal overlying mucosa. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) revealed that it might be derived from the muscularis mucosa or submucosa. In case 2, endoscopy revealed a 1.2-cm hemispherical lesion covered with smooth mucosa. Furthermore, EUS revealed that this lesion might be derived from the submucosa.

Interventions:
In both cases, the lesions were removed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Pathological examination revealed esophageal SCC nests with intramural growth patterns.

Outcomes:
The first patient underwent postoperative radiotherapy, whereas the second patient did not receive any additional treatment. Both patients agreed to regular follow-up, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was observed.

Conclusion:
First, not all esophageal SELs are benign, and a small number of SELs can be malignant. Second, these cases illustrate the value of newer endoscopic techniques, especially ESD. Thus, it is important to be alert when visualizing the esophagus for the possibility of a subtle SEL so that further evaluation and treatment, if necessary, can be undertaken, ideally with a less invasive approach afforded by ESD.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis of different severity
Authors: Wei Ying , Wu Chushan , Su Feiya , Zhang Han , Zhang Jinxia , Zheng Rongxiu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To analyze the influencing factors and outcomes of the different severity of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
A total of 50 children with DKA admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2009 to December 2018 were included in this study. The patients were divided into mild group, moderate group, and severe group according to the severity of the disease. We then analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the 3 groups.
Compared to mild and moderate DKA groups, patients with severe DKA were more likely to present chest tightness, and higher levels of blood osmotic pressure, urea, and creatinine (P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that blood osmotic pressure, creatinine, and chest tightness were independent factors for severity of DKA. There was a significant difference in the resolution time of DKA among the 3 groups (mild vs moderate: 9.0 hours vs 15.25 hours; moderate vs severe: 15.25 hours vs 24.5 hours, P < .001). There were statistical differences in the decline of Glasgow score among 3 groups (P = .004).
Patients with severe DKA showed higher osmotic pressure and creatinine, as well as dyspnea. The children with severe DKA were more likely to present progression of neurological symptoms, which was necessary to pay attention to the presence of brain edema.
Postoperative Yanghe decoction regimen improves outcomes for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
Authors: Zhang Xing , Li Jing , Hu Xian-Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The etiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), a rare inflammatory breast disease, is not understood. There is no consensus regarding the treatment of IGM. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of surgery combined with traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of IGM.
We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients of IGM who were treated with surgical excision at our hospital. Group A (n = 25) included patients treated with only surgery, and Group B included patients treated with surgery combined with postoperative Yanghe decoction. The clinical data were compared between the 2 groups, including demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes.
All patients were female with a mean age of 34.6 ± 5.9 years. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding preoperative demographics or clinical characteristics. The follow-up time was comparable between the groups (13.2 ± 10.0 vs 12.0 ± 10.2 months). Patients in Group B had shorter complete remission (CR) times than patients in Group A (76.1 ± 15.2 vs 84.0 ± 12.2 days; P < .05). The CR rate was higher in Group B than in Group A (96.4% vs 76.0%; P < .05), and the recurrence rate was lower in Group B than in Group A (0% vs 16.0%; P < .05).
The postoperative Yanghe decoction regimen was associated with more rapid recovery after IGM surgery. Surgical management combined with postoperative oral Yanghe decoction treatment yielded a higher CR rate and lower recurrence rate than surgery alone. The effect of traditional Chinese medicine in IGM treatment requires further study.