bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of self-reported physical activity by accelerometry among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a pilot study
Authors: Mosha Mary Vincent , Kasagama Elizabeth , Ayieko Philip , Todd Jim , Msuya Sia E. , Grosskurth Heiner , Filteau Suzanne 
Published: August 2020

Background: Self-reports are commonly used to assess physical activity in children. Existing self-reports for physical activity have not been validated for use among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. In order to understand if primary school children can accurately report their physical activity, we examined the validity of self-reported physical activity against accelerometer measured physical activity. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2018 among four primary schools in Moshi municipal and Moshi rural districts, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. A total of 51 primary school children aged 9–11 years were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect physical activity related variables. In addition, children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to capture physical activity movements. Spearman’s rank test and Bland Altman plots were used for assessing validity and agreement between self-reports and accelerometer moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 10 (SD=0.8) years. Majority of the study participants were female 32 (63%). A moderate, positive correlation was found between self-reports and accelerometer MVPA (rho=0.36, p=0.009). Accelerometer had higher MVPA compared to self-reports. Children who reported walking to school had higher MVPA for both accelerometer and self- reports compared to children who use other means of transport to school, e.g. school buses (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found the moderate positive correlation between self-reports and accelerometers. Self-reports are prone to errors due to recall bias, and this interferes their validity. More research is needed to develop better self-reported measures with specific activities which can easily be recalled by children. Also, researchers have to be aware of self-reports validity limitation.
Protocol for a controlled, randomized, blind, clinical trial to assess the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation associated with balance training using games in the postural balance of elderly people
Authors: Kunitake Andre Issao , Corrêa João Carlos Ferrari , Nascimento Klaine Silva , Oliveira Bianca Barioni Cardoso de , Muniz Natalia Maciel , Silva Soraia Micaela , Corrêa Fernanda Ishida 
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study aims to evaluate the additional effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on training postural balance with the use of video games in aged. Methods: This is a blinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial protocol, with elderly people of both genders. Participants will be randomized into three training groups: Group 1 (videogame balance training), group 2 (videogame balance training associated with active tDCS), group 3 (videogame balance training associated with sham tDCS). The training will be carried out twice a week for four weeks, totaling eight sessions, and will be performed with the Nintendo Wii videogame console, using games that stimulate the postural balance associated with tDCS, with anode applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cathode on the contralateral supraorbital region at 2 mA for 20 minutes. The postural balance will be assessed using the Mini Test of the Balance Assessment System and posturography. Evaluations will be carried out before and after eight training sessions and 30 days after the end of treatment. Discussion: Some studies show favorable results from the use of video games in improving postural balance in the elderly; however, their effect does not remain long-term. TDCS associated with other therapies can potentiate and prolong the effects of these therapies owing to its ability to stimulate neurotrophins important for neurogenesis, facilitating tasks that require attention, and helping to consolidate learning and memory. The effect of the two associated techniques on balance have not yet been tested in this population. Registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials ID U1111-1213-4266; registered on 15 October, 2018.
Impact of Plasmodium falciparum small-sized extracellular vesicles on host peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Mwangi Shaban J. , Gwela Agnes , Mwikali Kioko , Bargul Joel L. , Nduati Eunice W. , Ndungu Francis M. , Bejon Philip , Rayner Julian C. , Abdi Abdirahman I. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Exagerated immune activation has a key role in the pathogenesis of malaria. During blood-stage infection, Plasmodium falciparum can interact directly with host immune cells through infected red blood cells (PfiRBCs), or indirectly by the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we compared the impact of PfiRBCs and P. falciparum small-sized EVs (PfsEVs, also known as exosomes) from a Kenyan clinical isolate (PfKE12) adapted to short-term laboratory culture conditions on host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods: PfsEVs were isolated from cell-free culture-conditioned media by ultracentrifugation while mature trophozoite PfiRBCs were purified by magnetic column separation. The PfsEVs and the PfiRBCs were co-cultured for 18 hours with PBMC. Cellular responses were quantified by cell surface expression of activation markers (CD25, CD69) and cytokine/chemokine levels in the supernatant. Results: Relative to negative control conditions, PfsEVs induced CD25 expression on CD4+, CD19+ and CD14+ cells, while PfiRBCs induced on CD19+ and CD14+ cells. Both PfsEVs and PfiRBCs induced CD69 on CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells. In addition, PfiRBCs induced higher expression of CD69 on CD14+ cells. CD69 induced by PfiRBCs on CD4+ and CD19+ cells was significantly higher than that induced by PfsEVs. Secretion of MIP1α, MIP1β, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα were significantly induced by both PfsEVs and PfiRBCs whereas MCP-1, IL-10, IL-17α were preferentially induced by PfsEVs and IP-10 and IFN-γ by PfiRBCs. Prior exposure to malaria (judged by antibodies to schizont extract) was associated with lower monocyte responses to PfsEVs. Conclusions: PfsEVs and PfiRBCs showed differential abilities to induce secretion of IL-17α and IFN-γ, suggesting that the former are better at inducing Th17, whilst the latter induce Th1 immune responses respectively. Prior exposure to malaria significantly reduces the ability of PfsEVs to activate monocytes, suggesting immune tolerance to PfsEVs may play a role in naturally acquired anti-disease immunity.
Stripping torques in human bone can be reliably predicted prior to screw insertion with optimum tightness being found between 70% and 80% of the maximum
Authors: Fletcher James W. A. , Zderic Ivan , Gueorguiev Boyko , Richards R. Geoff , Gill Harinderjit S. , Whitehouse Michael R. , Preatoni Ezio 
Published: August 2020

Aims To devise a method to quantify and optimize tightness when inserting cortical screws, based on bone characterization and screw geometry. Methods Cortical human cadaveric diaphyseal tibiae screw holes (n = 20) underwent destructive testing to firstly establish the relationship between cortical thickness and experimental stripping torque (Tstr), and secondly to calibrate an equation to predict Tstr. Using the equation’s predictions, 3.5 mm screws were inserted (n = 66) to targeted torques representing 40% to 100% of Tstr, with recording of compression generated during tightening. Once the target torque had been achieved, immediate pullout testing was performed. Results Cortical thickness predicted Tstr (R2 = 0.862; p < 0.001) as did an equation based on tensile yield stress, bone-screw friction coefficient, and screw geometries (R2 = 0.894; p < 0.001). Compression increased with screw tightness up to 80% of the maximum (R2 = 0.495; p < 0.001). Beyond 80%, further tightening generated no increase in compression. Pullout force did not change with variations in submaximal tightness beyond 40% of Tstr (R2 = 0.014; p = 0.175). Conclusion Screw tightening between 70% and 80% of the predicted maximum generated optimum compression and pullout forces. Further tightening did not considerably increase compression, made no difference to pullout, and increased the risk of the screw holes being stripped. While further work is needed for development of intraoperative methods for accurate and reliable prediction of the maximum tightness for a screw, this work justifies insertion torque being considerably below the maximum. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):493–500.
The safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for treating early oesophageal carcinoma: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang HY , Zeng X , Bai SY , Pu K , Zheng Y , Ji R , Guo QH , Guan QL , Wang YP , Zhou YN 
Published: August 2020

Introduction Oesophageal carcinoma is the sixth most lethal cancer in the world. At present, the choice of specific surgical methods is controversial. This study compares the safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection in treating early oesophageal carcinoma. Methods We carried out a search of online databases including the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library with no language restrictions. The inclusion criteria were patients with early oesophageal carcinoma who accepted the treatment of endoscopic submucosal dissection compared with endoscopic mucosal resection. Findings A total of 1,462 patients with 1,650 lesions from nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. When compared with the endoscopic mucosal resection group, the en bloc resection (endoscopic submucosal dissection 67.94% vs endoscopic mucosal resection 52.78%; odds ratio 19.79, p = 0.000) and complete resection (endoscopic submucosal dissection 75.57% vs endoscopic mucosal resection 59.47%; odds ratio 16.10, p = 0.000) rates were significantly higher in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group, while the local recurrence rate was significantly lower in the endoscopic submucosal dissection group (endoscopic submucosal dissection 0.08% vs endoscopic mucosal resection 2.66%; odds ratio 0.08, p = 0.000). The incidence of complications and procedural time were also tested.
Experimental study on the performances of second-harmonic dispersion interferometers at 10.6  µm and 1064  nm for plasma density measurements
Authors: Brandi Fernando , Wessel Frank , Lohff Christopher M. , Duff James R. , Haralson Zachary O. 
Published: August 2020

Two common-path interferometers based on

C
O

2

and

N
d

:

Y

3

A
l

5

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12

(Nd:YAG) lasers are benchmarked with a two-arm microwave interferometer on a hydrogen plasma produced by an RF discharge and injected into a large magnetic-confinement vessel. The

∼

10

19

m

−
2

line-integrated electron density is clearly measured in agreement by the interferometers. The frequency spectrum of the measured data is analyzed on the 20 kHz range for all interferometers and up to 600 kHz for the Nd:YAG laser-based interferometer. Mechanical vibration measurements performed on the components of the two common-path interferometers result in a peak-to-peak displacement up to about one and twenty wavelengths for the

C
O

2

and Nd:YAG laser-based interferometers, respectively. Such results set for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a quantitative limit for the displacement that the two second-harmonic dispersion interferometers can sustain while still providing a high sensitivity for accurate plasma density measurements.
Imaging and emission spectroscopy of the submicrosecond plasma generated from copper substrate with nanosecond laser pulses
Authors: Tanski Mateusz , Barbucha Robert , Mizeraczyk Jerzy , Tofil Szymon 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, an experimental investigation of the ablation plasma generated from the copper substrate by means of nanosecond laser pulses is presented. We studied the evolution of the ablation plasma in the first 1000 ns after plasma onset using the fast-gated imaging and optical emission spectroscopy methods. Plasma imaging showed that the expansion of the plume front can be described using a so-called drag model, with the expansion limit increasing with laser fluence from 254 µm for

30

J

/

c

m

2

to 375 µm for

67

J

/

c

m

2

. By using the Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening methods, it was found that within the first microsecond after onset, the electron excitation temperature and electron number density decrease from 1.2 eV to 0.8 eV and from

4

×

1

0

16

c

m

−
3

to

5

×

1

0

15

c

m

−
3

, respectively. Using the McWhirter criterion, we confirmed that in the considered time range the plasma remains in a state of local thermodynamic equilibrium.
Invasive Colonic Mucormycosis in an Immunocompromised Postliver Transplant Patient
Authors: Aggarwal Pankaj , Patel Harsh , Gonzalez Lisandro , Brown Landon , Agarwal Apeksha , Speeg Kermit 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) is an invasive fungal disease caused by Rhizopus species, most commonly implicated in diabetic ketoacidosis and other immunocompromised states. This report presents a unique case of colonic mucormycosis in a patient several weeks after liver transplant. The patient's course was complicated by polymicrobial infection and intra-abdominal abscesses, ultimately leading to septic shock and death. This case is the first of its kind to describe such malignant abdominal mucormycosis in a solid organ transplant recipient.
”Warum noch länger die demütige Magd, die ihrem Herrn die Füße wäscht?“
Authors: Bilic Viktorija 
Published: August 2020

Mathilde Franziska Anneke (1817-1884) was one of few women who have shaped German immigrant life in America during the second half of the 19th century. The Forty-Eighter, writer, and educator founded the first German-language Frauenzeitung in the U.S., and her network of correspondents included Susan B. Anthony.
The article sheds light on Mathilde Anneke as a “new woman” who broke with traditional norms of gender and sexuality. She divorced her first and abusive husband at the age of 20, raising her daughter alone before marrying Fritz Anneke with whom she had more children. This paper focuses on Mathilde's feminist essay Das Weib im Conflict mit den socialen Verhältnissen (1847). This text is a testament to her ideals and values, most of all her life-long fight for women’s rights. In this manifest, Mathilde envisions the “new woman” who would break out of the cage of male supremacy and demand equal rights. While Mathilde Anneke did not live to see the suffragist movement succeed, she made significant contributions to the early feminist movement, and she did so through her writing.
Resolving the Connectome, Spectrally-Specific Functional Connectivity Networks and Their Distinct Contributions to Behavior
Authors: Becker Robert , Hervais-Adelman Alexis 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe resting human brain exhibits spontaneous patterns of activity that reflect features of the underlying neural substrate. Examination of interareal coupling of resting-state oscillatory activity has revealed that the brain’s resting activity is composed of functional networks, whose topographies differ depending on oscillatory frequency, suggesting a role for carrier frequency as a means of creating multiplexed, or functionally segregated, communication channels between brain areas. Using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we examined spectrally resolved resting-state connectivity patterns derived from magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to determine the relationship between connectivity intrinsic to different frequency channels and a battery of over a hundred behavioral and demographic indicators, in a group of 89 young healthy participants. We demonstrate that each of the classical frequency bands in the range 1–40 Hz (δ, θ, α, β, and γ) delineates a subnetwork that is behaviorally relevant, spatially distinct, and whose expression is either negatively or positively predictive of individual traits, with the strongest link in the α-band being negative and networks oscillating at different frequencies, such as θ, β, and γ carrying positive function.
Effects of Different Strategies for Exploiting Genomic Selection in Perennial Ryegrass Breeding Programs
Authors: Esfandyari Hadi , Fè Dario , Tessema Biructawit Bekele , Janss Lucas L , Jensen Just 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) is a potential pathway to accelerate genetic gain for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the level of genetic gain and accuracy by applying GS in commercial perennial ryegrass breeding programs. Different scenarios were compared to a conventional breeding program. Simulated scenarios differed in the method of selection and structure of the breeding program. Two scenarios (Phen-Y12 and Phen) for phenotypic selection and three scenarios (GS-Y12, GS and GS-SP) were considered for genomic breeding schemes. All breeding schemes were simulated for 25 cycles. The amount of genetic gain achieved was different across scenarios. Compared to phenotypic scenarios, GS scenarios resulted in substantially larger genetic gain for the simulated traits. This was mainly due to more efficient selection of plots and single plants based on genomic estimated breeding values. Also, GS allows for reduction in waiting time for the availability of the superior genetic materials from previous cycles, which led to at least a doubling or a trebling of genetic gain compared to the traditional program. Reduction in additive genetic variance levels were higher with GS scenarios than with phenotypic selection. The results demonstrated that implementation of GS in ryegrass breeding is possible and presents an opportunity to make very significant improvements in genetic gains.
Morphological variability of Quercus robur L. plus trees and clones in Podillia
Authors: Los Svitlana , Smashnyuk Lyudmila 
Published: August 2020

The results of the study of English oak (Quercus robur L.) plus trees based on the morphological features of their leaves, acorns, and peduncles are presented. Samples were collected from both plus trees in forest stands and clones in clonal archive of English oak in Vinnytsia Region. In total, 41 trees were analyzed by 7 features of their leaves and 30 of those trees – by 9 morphological features of their acorns and peduncles. A point assessment was used for nonmetric indicators.
To compare plus trees by morphological features, the graphical method of morphotypes image representation with the usage of radar charts is suggested. Given that absolute indicators may depend on the year’s weather conditions, only relative indicators assessed in points were used to plot charts.
The average indices for the trees as well as the variability level between them are determined. The most variable features were identified and offered to use for clone identification.
It has been suggested that 8 plus trees whose leaves’ base is rounded are the hybrids of English and sessile oaks.
It is confirmed that all the studied plus trees of Vinnytsia origin differed in one or several morphological features of their leaves, acorns, or peduncles. However, two plus trees of Odesa origin were similar in their leaves’ characteristics and two clones of Vinnytsia origin were similar in their acorns and peduncles’ features.
It is noted that the use of morphological indicators of leaves and reproductive organs, taken as a whole, allows obtaining a rather complete description of a plus tree or its clone, and the usage of the graphical method allows determining the difference and similarity of individuals and their groups. Graphic images of morphotypes given as radar charts can be used to compare individuals, their groups, populations, variants in both progeny test and provenance trial, so to identify clones in clonal seed orchards.
Forest carbon stock in Left-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine according to intensive forest monitoring data
Authors: Pasternak Volodymyr , Pyvovar Tetiana , Yarotsky Volodymyr 
Published: August 2020

The issues of carbon stock and dynamic in different carbon pools in forest stands of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are considered. The aim of the study was to evaluate carbon stocks and their changes in main pools: trees biomass and mortmass. Data of two repeated observations on 19 permanent intensive forest monitoring plots in Kharkiv and Sumy regions were used. Conversion method was used.
Study of increment and mortality dynamics at monitoring plots showed, that two processes impact carbon balance: biotic damage which leads to trees dieback, and partial removal of dead wood from stands.
Oak stands have, on average, higher carbon stock in trees biomass and mortmass (102.9 t С ha-1) than the pine stands (98.7 t С ha-1), which is associated with a higher representation of mature and overmature oak stands. While comparison by age classes showed that pine stands, in general, have higher values of C in trees biomass, due to higher productivity. The increase in carbon stocks with age is observed.
The annual change of C stock in trees biomass is the highest in younger stands, and it decreases with age; while in mortmass it increases. Mature and overmature oak stands have negative trees biomass and positive dead wood growth.
At age 81-100 years oak forest stands have higher carbon storage capacity than pine (total carbon stock in main pools (biomass, mortmass, litter and soils (30-cm layer)) is 191.7 t C ha-1 for oak and 175.4 t C ha-1 for pine stands). Trees biomass carbon prevails among other pools (50.3 % in oak forests, and 57.6% in pine), the next is soil carbon pool (45.9 and 29.0%, respectively).
National forest inventory will provide data for assessments of carbon stocks and dynamics in trees biomass and mortmass pools. However, forest soil monitoring is necessary to evaluate carbon pools in soils and litter.