bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tabular‐expression‐based method for constructing metamorphic relations
Authors: Li Jingyao , Liu Lei , Zhang Peng 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMetamorphic testing (MT) is proposed to overcome the oracle problem in software testing, and metamorphic relations (MRs) are the core of MT. There is a lack of guidelines for constructing effective MRs, and it is difficult to reuse MRs mainly because most MRs are closely related to the domain knowledge. In this article, we propose a method for constructing MRs from specifications in tabular expression format. Our method constructs MRs according to the characteristics of tabular expressions, especially the relationships between the header grids and the main grid, namely, our method is domain‐independent and the construction process is simplified. In addition, the derived MRs can be applied to specifications with the same tabular expression structure. For specifications with different tabular expression structures, MRs can still be used after slight adjustments. To evaluate the performance of our method in practice, we apply the method to five applications. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is effective for a program with the oracle problem, and that it is applicable to tabular expressions in various formats. Compared with representative testing methods, our method identifies errors that are not detected by the compared methods. Hence, our method and existing methods can complement each other. The MR proposed in this article outperforms MRs constructed based on program properties.
Influence of hold‐down anchors on lateral strength of cold‐formed steel wall framing
Authors: Pan Chi‐Ling , Huang Chan‐Chang , Su Mingzhou , Peng Jui‐Lin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on a study of cold‐formed steel wall framing installed with hold‐down anchors and subjected to lateral loads. The steel framing wall specimens were assembled with sheathing on one or both sides. Two different thicknesses of calcium silicate board were used as the sheathing material. The wall specimens were tested under both monotonic and cyclic loads. All wall specimens were fixed at both ends with hold‐down anchors. In addition to structural strength, the energy absorption, ductility ratio, overstrength factor and response modification factor were studied for all wall specimens. Previous studies in which the specimens were tested without a hold‐down anchor are discussed for comparison. The test results show that the ultimate strengths are similar for the specimens with the same configuration tested under either monotonic or cyclic loads. The wall specimen installed with hold‐down anchors has a higher ultimate strength but lower ductility ratio compared with the same configuration's wall specimen without hold‐down anchor. The response modification factor given in the AISI standard was found to be conservative for the wall framing with sheathing of calcium silicate board tested in the present study.
Disclosing genetic risk for Alzheimer's dementia to individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Christensen Kurt D. , Karlawish Jason , Roberts J. Scott , Uhlmann Wendy R. , Harkins Kristin , Wood Elisabeth M. , Obisesan Thomas O. , Le Lan Q. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Zoltick Emilie S. , Johnson Megan S. , Bradbury Margaret K. , Waterston Leo B. , Chen Clara A. , Feldman Sara , Perry Denise L. , Green Robert C. ,   for the REVEAL Study Group
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe safety of predicting conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping is unknown.MethodsWe randomized 114 individuals with MCI to receive estimates of 3‐year risk of conversion to AD dementia informed by APOE genotyping (disclosure arm) or not (non‐disclosure arm) in a non‐inferiority clinical trial. Primary outcomes were anxiety and depression scores. Secondary outcomes included other psychological measures.ResultsUpper confidence limits for randomization arm differences were 2.3 on the State Trait Anxiety Index and 0.5 on the Geriatric Depression Scale, below non‐inferiority margins of 3.3 and 1.0. Moreover, mean scores were lower in the disclosure arm than non‐disclosure arm for test‐related positive impact (difference: ‐1.9, indicating more positive feelings) and AD concern (difference: ‐0.3).DiscussionProviding genetic information to individuals with MCI about imminent risk for AD does not increase risks of anxiety or depression and may provide psychological benefits.
Photocatalytic activity and water purification performance of in situ and ex situ synthesized bacterial cellulose‐CuO nanohybrids
Authors: Almasi Hadi , Mehryar Laleh , Ghadertaj Ali 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this research was synthesizing of bacterial cellulose (BC) nanohybrids by incorporation of CuO‐NPs and evaluation of their ability in the removing of microbial, heavy metals, and dyes pollutants from water. CuO‐BC nanohybrids were synthesized by two in situ (sonochemical and precipitation) methods and compared with ex situ synthesized nanohybrid. FE‐SEM images revealed that the growth of CuO‐NPs in the sonochemically synthesized in situ substrate is better. The ex situ nanohybrid had the highest loading capacity (27.17 μg/cm2) but the migration of CuO‐NPs from this substrate was higher than in situ ones. According to antimicrobial tests, 80% and 90% of initial population of E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, were removed after 6 hr contact of substrates with water. The potential of the substrates in the adsorption of lead and arsenic was about 60% after 24 hr. About 75% of methylene blue and methyl orange dyes were adsorbed into substrates after 6 hr. CuO doped substrates had the photocatalytic activity and caused to decrease the oxygen content about 4%–7% during 6 hr. In general, the reusability of ex situ synthesized substrate was lower than in situ nanohybrids. Sonochemically synthesized substrate was suggested as the best nanohybrid for water purification applications in terms of morphological properties and reusability.Practitioner points

CuO‐BC nanohybrids were prepared by in‐situ and ex‐situ methods.

Well distribution of NPs and slower release was achieved by in‐situ methods.

Antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity of ex‐situ nanohybrid was higher than in‐situ ones.

Dyes and heavy metals were removed successfully with nanohybrid substrates.

Sonochemical in‐situ nanohybrid exhibited the best water purification performance.
Modified celestial amplitude in Einstein gravity
Authors: Banerjee Shamik , Ghosh Sudip , Pandey Pranjal , Saha Arnab Priya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper we evaluate the modified celestial amplitude for gravitons and gluons, as defined in [4]. We find that the modified (tree) amplitude is finite for gravitons in Einstein gravity. The modified amplitude behaves like correlation function of operators inserted at various points of null-infinity in the Minkowski space-time. Therefore, unlike the standard celestial amplitudes, these are three dimensional objects. We also show that this amplitude admits conformal soft factorization recently studied in the literature.
Takotsubo syndrome: between evidence, myths, and misunderstandings
Authors: Napp L. Christian , Bauersachs Johann 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTakotsubo syndrome (TS) is an acute cardiac condition characterized by transient wall motion abnormalities mostly of the left ventricle. First described in 1990, TS has gained substantial attention during the past 15 years. However, the disease is still underdiagnosed. Prospective studies on TS are largely lacking, and the condition remains incompletely understood. In addition, significant misconceptions and misunderstandings are evident, contributing to potentially severe underestimation. Here, we review important aspects of TS with a focus on pitfalls, misinterpretations, and knowledge gaps considered important during diagnosis and management of the disease.
Effekte einer unkonventionellen Hautkrebs-Präventionskampagne
Authors: Tizek Linda , Schielein Maximilian C. , Schuster Barbara , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Krankheitslast von aktinischen Keratosen und Keratinozytenkarzinomen kann durch Primär- und Sekundärprävention gesenkt werden. Allerdings finden diese Maßnahmen oft nur geringen Zuspruch, v. a. bei der Hochrisikogruppe der Außenberufstätigen.

Ziel
Ziel dieser Folgebefragung war es zu untersuchen, ob sich 1 Jahr nach einer Präventionskampagne zum Thema Sonnenschutz und Wahrnehmung von Hautveränderungen bei der Studienpopulation, insbesondere bei Außenberufstätigen, eine Verbesserung diesbezüglich feststellen ließ.

Material und Methoden
Alle Teilnehmer, die sich bei einer Studie beim Bayerischen Zentral-Landwirtschaftsfest 2016 bereit erklärten, noch einmal befragt zu werden, wurden 2017 per Post kontaktiert und erhielten den identischen Fragebogen sowie Evaluationsfragen bezüglich möglicher Verhaltensänderungen.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt nahmen 400 Personen an der Folgebefragung teil (Response-Rate 52,8 %). Von den 240 Außenberufstätigen gaben 45,0 % an, sich bewusster vor der Sonne zu schützen, und 68,8 %, bewusster auf Hautveränderungen zu achten. Etwa 85,0 % der Außenberufstätigen würden nun früher einen Dermatologen aufsuchen, und 65,8 % wünschten sich weitere Präventionskampagnen zum Thema Hautkrebs und Sonnenschutz.

Diskussion
Insgesamt gab die Mehrheit der Befragten an, ein verbessertes Sonnenschutzverhalten und eine bessere Wahrnehmung von Hautveränderungen nach der Intervention zu haben. Basierend auf den Eigenangaben, zeigte sich v. a. bei Außenberufstätigen eine Verbesserung, was die Wichtigkeit solcher zielgruppenorientierten Präventionskampagnen für die Senkung der Krankheitslast unterstreicht.
PuRSUE -from specification of robotic environments to synthesis of controllers
Authors: Bersani Marcello M. , Soldo Matteo , Menghi Claudio , Pelliccione Patrizio , Rossi Matteo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDeveloping robotic applications is a complex task, which requires skills that are usually only possessed by highly-qualified robotic developers. While formal methods that help developers in the creation and design of robotic applications exist, they must be explicitly customized to be impactful in the robotics domain and to support effectively the growth of the robotic market. Specifically, the robotic market is asking for techniques that: (i) enable a systematic and rigorous design of robotic applications though high-level languages; and (ii) enable the automatic synthesis of low-level controllers, which allow robots to achieve their missions. To address these problems we present the PuRSUE (Planner for RobotS in Uncontrollable Environments) approach, which aims to support developers in the rigorous and systematic design of high-level run-time control strategies for robotic applications. The approach includes PuRSUE-ML a high-level language that allows for modeling the environment, the agents deployed therein, and their missions. PuRSUE is able to check automatically whether a controller that allows robots to achieve their missions might exist and, then, it synthesizes a controller. We evaluated how PuRSUE helps designers in modeling robotic applications, the effectiveness of its automatic computation of controllers, and how the approach supports the deployment of controllers on actual robots. The evaluation is based on 13 scenarios derived from 3 different robotic applications presented in the literature. The results show that: (i) PuRSUE-ML is effective in supporting designers in the formal modeling of robotic applications compared to a direct encoding of robotic applications in low-level modeling formalisms; (ii) PuRSUE enables the automatic generation of controllers that are difficult to create manually; and (iii) the plans generated with PuRSUE are indeed effective when deployed on actual robots.
Plasticity and dystonia: a hypothesis shrouded in variability
Authors: Sadnicka Anna , Hamada Masashi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract Studying plasticity mechanisms with Professor John Rothwell was a shared highlight of our careers. In this article, we discuss non-invasive brain stimulation techniques which aim to induce and quantify plasticity, the mechanisms and nature of their inherent variability and use such observations to review the idea that excessive and abnormal plasticity is a pathophysiological substrate of dystonia. We have tried to define the tone of our review by a couple of Professor John Rothwell’s many inspiring characteristics; his endless curiosity to refine knowledge and disease models by scientific exploration and his wise yet humble readiness to revise scientific doctrines when the evidence is supportive. We conclude that high variability of response to non-invasive brain stimulation plasticity protocols significantly clouds the interpretation of historical findings in dystonia research. There is an opportunity to wipe the slate clean of assumptions and armed with an informative literature in health, re-evaluate whether excessive plasticity has a causal role in the pathophysiology of dystonia.
Motor timing training improves sustained attention performance but not fluid intelligence: near but not far transfer
Authors: Karampela Olympia , Madison Guy , Holm Linus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAssociations between cognitive and motor timing performance are documented in hundreds of studies. A core finding is a correlation of about − 0.3 to − 0.5 between psychometric intelligence and time interval production variability and reaction time, but the nature of the relationship remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether this relation is subject to near and far transfer across a battery of cognitive and timing tasks. These tasks were administered pre- and post-five daily 30 min sessions of sensorimotor synchronization training with feedback for every interval. The training group exhibited increased sustained attention performance in Conners’ Continuous Performance Test II, but no change in the block design and figure weights subtests from the WAIS-IV. A passive control group exhibited no change in performance on any of the timing or cognitive tests. These findings provide evidence for a direct involvement of sustained attention in motor timing as well as near transfer from synchronization to unpaced serial interval production. Implications for the timing–cognition relationship are discussed in light of various putative timing mechanisms.
Adrenal Tumors Found During Staging and Surveillance for Colorectal Cancer: Benign Incidentalomas or Metastatic Disease?
Authors: Yanagisawa Mio , Malik Dania G. , Loehfelm Thomas W. , Fananapazir Ghaneh , Corwin Michael T. , Campbell Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of adrenal metastases in patient with colorectal cancer (CRC) and determine the clinical and radiographic features associated metastatic CRC to the adrenal glands.Materials and MethodsThe review of consecutive adults with newly diagnosed CRC found to have adrenal tumors > 1 cm in size on staging or surveillance CT scans with at least two scans to evaluate progression or stability of disease.ResultsFifty‐eight of 856 (6.8%) CRC patients had an adrenal tumor. Forty‐three patients (74%) with 46 adrenal tumors had benign adrenal tumors, and 15 (26%) patients with 17 adrenal tumors had metastatic disease. On univariate analysis, patients with metastatic CRC had larger adrenal tumors (26.7 mm vs 12.4 mm, p < 0.01), a higher mean CEA (239 ng/mL vs 14.2 ng/mL, p = 0.03), and were more likely to have other sites of metastatic disease seen on imaging 8/43 (19%) vs 14/15 (93%), p < 0.01. On multivariable analysis, adrenal tumor size > 1.8 cm (OR 49.6 CI 8–306), CEA > 2.5 ng/mL (OR 15.8 CI 1.7–144) and other metastatic disease seen on imaging (OR 68.1 CI 7–661) were independently associated with adrenal metastases.ConclusionCRC patients with small adrenal tumors, normal CEA levels and no evidence of other metastatic disease are unlikely to have spread to the adrenal glands. Adrenal tumors found during staging and surveillance of CRC patients should be evaluated with appropriate imaging and biochemical analysis.
Screening dysfunktionaler Überzeugungen bei Zwangsstörungen
Authors: Meißner Claudia , Weck Florian , Kühne Franziska 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Dysfunktionale Überzeugungen und Bewertungen von Zwangsgedanken sind ausschlaggebend für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Zwangsstörungen. Die reliable und valide Erfassung dieser Überzeugungen mithilfe von Screeningverfahren ist für die kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutische Behandlung relevant.

Fragestellung
Ziel der Arbeit war die Erstellung eines Scoping review bezüglich der aktuellen Screeninginstrumenten zur Erfassung der 6 von der Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) vorgeschlagenen Domänen bei Zwangsstörungen. Die Verfahren wurden systematisch nach ihrer psychometrischen Güte bewertet und in ihren Eigenschaften verglichen.

Material und Methoden
Die Literatursuche erfolgte in den Datenbanken Web of Science Core Collection, Google Scholar und PubMed. Eingeschlossen wurden deutsch- und englischsprachige Verfahren für Erwachsene (≥18 Jahre).

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 56 Studien zur Überprüfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften von 16 Fragebogen eingeschlossen werden. Die Fragebogen erfassten alle Domänen dysfunktionaler Überzeugungen. Außerdem lagen 4 domänenübergreifende Verfahren vor, und 9 der Fragebogen waren deutschsprachig. Die Mehrzahl der Screeningverfahren wies adäquate bis gute psychometrische Werte auf. Die methodische Qualität der Studien war heterogen; methodische und statistische Verfahren nahmen über die Jahre an Komplexität zu.

Schlussfolgerung
Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht v. a. in der Untersuchung der Störungsspezifität und Änderungssensitivität von Screeningverfahren an klinischen Stichproben.
Can a New Scoring System Improve Prediction of Pulmonary Hypertension in Newly Recognised Interstitial Lung Diseases?
Authors: Sobiecka Małgorzata , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Kober Jarosław , Franczuk Monika , Skoczylas Agnieszka , Tomkowski Witold , Kuś Jan , Szturmowicz Monika 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-recognised complication of interstitial lung diseases (ILD), which worsens prognosis and impairs exercise capacity. Echocardiography is the most widely used, non-invasive method for PH assessment. The aim of our study was to identify the factors predictive for echocardiographic signs of PH in newly recognised ILD patients.

Methods
Ninety-three consecutive patients (28F/65M) with different ILD were prospectively evaluated from January 2009 to March 2014. Pulmonary function testing, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), initial and sixth minute room air oxygen saturation, NT-proBNP and echocardiography were assessed in each patient. Echocardiographic PH probability was determined according to the 2009 ESC/ERS guidelines.

Results
In 41 patients (Group B) increased PH possibility has been diagnosed on echocardiography, in 52 patients (Group A)—low PH probability. Most pronounced differences (p ≤ 0.0005) between groups B and A concerned: age, 6MWD, room air oxygen saturation at 6 min, DLCO and TLC/DLCO index (57.6 vs 43.8 years; 478 vs 583 m; 89.1% vs 93.4%; 54.8% predicted vs 70.5% predicted and 1.86 vs 1.44; respectively). Univariate analysis showed four-fold increased probability of PH when TLC/DLCO exceeded 1.67. A scoring system incorporating age, TLC/DLCO index, 6MWD and room air oxygen saturation at 6 min provided high diagnostic utility, AUC 0.867 (95% CI 0.792–0.867).

Conclusion
ILD patients with TLC/DLCO index > 1.67 have a high likelihood of PH and should undergo further evaluation. The composite model of PH prediction, including age, 6-min walk test and TLC/DLCO was highly specific for recognition of PH on echocardiography.
Queue Layouts of Planar 3-Trees
Authors: Alam Jawaherul Md. , Bekos Michael A. , Gronemann Martin , Kaufmann Michael , Pupyrev Sergey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA queue layout of a graph G consists of a linear order of the vertices of G and a partition of the edges of G into queues, so that no two independent edges of the same queue are nested. The queue number of graph G is defined as the minimum number of queues required by any queue layout of G. In this paper, we continue the study of the queue number of planar 3-trees, which form a well-studied subclass of planar graphs. Prior to this work, it was known that the queue number of planar 3-trees is at most seven. In this work, we improve this upper bound to five. We also show that there exist planar 3-trees whose queue number is at least four. Notably, this is the first example of a planar graph with queue number greater than three.
Radial and cylindrical symmetry of solutions to the Cahn–Hilliard equation
Authors: Rizzi Matteo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the classification of entire solutions to the Cahn–Hilliard equation $$-\Delta u=u-u^3-\delta $$-Δu=u-u3-δ in $$\mathbb {R}^N$$RN, with particular interest in those solutions whose nodal set is either bounded or contained in a cylinder. The aim is to prove either radial or cylindrical symmetry, under suitable hypothesis.
The influence of the specific growth rate on the lipid composition of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
Authors: Quehenberger Julian , Pittenauer Ernst , Allmaier Günter , Spadiut Oliver 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArchaeal lipids are constituted of two isoprenoid chains connected via ether bonds to glycerol in the sn-2, 3 position. Due to these unique properties archaeal lipids are significantly more stable against high temperature, low pH, oxidation and enzymatic degradation than conventional lipids. Additionally, in members of the phylum Crenarchaeota condensation of two (monopolar) archaeal diether lipids to a single (bipolar) tetraether lipid as well as formation of cyclopentane rings in the isoprenoid core strongly reduce permeability of the crenarchaeal membranes. In this work we show that the Crenarchaeum Sulfolobus acidocaldarius changes its lipid composition as reaction to a shift in growth rate caused by nutrient limitation. We thereby identified a novel influencing factor for the lipid composition of S. acidocaldarius and were able to determine the effect of this factor on the lipid composition by using MALDI-MS for the semi-quantification of an archaeal lipidome: a shift in the specific growth rate during a controlled continuous cultivation of S. acidocaldarius from 0.011 to 0.035 h−1 led to a change in the ratio of diether to tetraether lipids from 1:3 to 1:5 and a decrease of the average number of cyclopentane rings from 5.1 to 4.6.
Investigating information seeking in ravens (Corvus corax)
Authors: Lambert Megan L. , Osvath Mathias 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMeasuring the responses of non-human animals to situations of uncertainty is thought to shed light on an animal’s metacognitive processes; namely, whether they monitor their own knowledge states. For example, when presented with a foraging task, great apes and macaques selectively seek information about the location of a food item when they have not seen where it was hidden, compared to when they have. We presented this same information seeking task to ravens, in which a food item was hidden in one of three containers, and subjects could either watch where the food was hidden, infer its location through visual or auditory clues, or were given no information. We found that unlike several ape species and macaques, but similar to capuchin monkeys, the ravens looked inside at least one tube on every trial, but typically only once, inside the baited tube, when they had either witnessed it being baited or could visually infer the reward’s location. In contrast, subjects looked more often within trials in which they had not witnessed the baiting or were provided with auditory cues about the reward’s location. Several potential explanations for these ceiling levels of looking are discussed, including how it may relate to the uncertainty faced by ravens when retrieving food caches.