bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genoprotective activities of plant natural substances in cancer and chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine
Authors: Koklesova Lenka , Liskova Alena , Samec Marek , Qaradakhi Tawar , Zulli Anthony , Smejkal Karel , Kajo Karol , Jakubikova Jana , Behzadi Payam , Pec Martin , Zubor Pavol , Biringer Kamil , Kwon Taeg Kyu , Büsselberg Dietrich , Sarria Gustavo R. , Giordano Frank A. , Golubnitschaja Olga , Kubatka Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSevere durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.
„Die trägt ja als Deutsche ein Kopftuch“ – Der Einfluss autoritärer Einstellungen auf die Wahrnehmung der Verletzung kultureller Normen
Authors: Asbrock Frank , Albrecht Monika 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungMuslimische Symbole werden häufig als eine von außen herangetragene Bedrohung kultureller Werte in Deutschland wahrgenommen. Was geschieht aber, wenn Mitglieder der eigenen Gruppe diese Symbole verwenden? In der vorliegenden Studie sind wir der Frage nachgegangen, wie deutsche Frauen wahrgenommen werden, die das Kopftuch Al-Amira, tragen.Nach dem Black Sheep Effekt werden Normverstöße durch Mitglieder der Eigengruppe stärker geahndet als durch Mitglieder einer Fremdgruppe. Wir nehmen an, dass dies besonders dann gelten sollte, wenn Personen hohe Ausprägungen in autoritären Einstellungen zeigen und daher Normabweichungen als Bedrohung für die Gruppenkohäsion wahrnehmen.In einer online durchgeführten experimentellen Studie präsentierten wir deutschen Teilnehmenden (N = 193, 139 weiblich, 51 männlich, 3 divers; M Alter = 26, SD = 7,64) anhand eines zweifaktoriellen between-participants Designs Fotos von deutschen oder türkischen Frauen mit oder ohne Kopftuch (Al-Amira) und erfassten Autoritarismus als Moderatorvariable. Entsprechend unserer Hypothesen konnten wir zeigen, dass deutsche Proband*innen mit steigenden Ausprägungen in Autoritarismus weniger Vertrauen und weniger Kommunikationsbereitschaft gegenüber deutschen Frauen mit Kopftuch als gegenüber türkischen Frauen mit Kopftuch zeigten. Die Ergebnisse stützen das Verständnis von Normorientierung als zentrales Merkmal von Autoritarismus.
Prospective associations between social anxiety and depression in youth: The moderating role of maternal major depressive disorder
Authors: Kobezak Holly M. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlthough social anxiety symptoms and exposure to maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) have each been conceptualized as key contributors to the development of depression symptoms in youth, these risk factors have not been integrated into a single model of risk. The current study evaluated a two‐hit model of risk to determine whether the impact of social anxiety on prospective changes in youth depressive symptoms is stronger among youth exposed to maternal MDD than among those of never‐depressed mothers.MethodsParticipants were youth (aged 8–14 at baseline, 50.4% girls, 80.9% Caucasian) and their biological mothers recruited from the community in the United States. Of the mothers, 129 had a history of MDD during their youth's lifetime and 117 had no lifetime history of MDD. At the initial assessment, mothers completed diagnostic interviews and youth completed self‐report measures of social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Participants were reassessed every 6 months for 2 years during which youth again completed the symptom measures.ResultsResults of hierarchical linear modeling revealed that levels of social anxiety predicted prospective increases in depressive symptoms among offspring of mothers with a history of MDD, but not among those of never‐depressed mothers. Depressive symptoms did not predict prospective changes in social anxiety (alone or in interaction with maternal MDD).ConclusionsThese results provide preliminary evidence for an integrated model of risk such that social anxiety symptoms may be a particularly strong risk factor for the subsequent development of depression symptoms among youth with exposure to maternal MDD.
Effect of pimecrolimus on postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rat: An experimental study
Authors: Azadi Hamed , Davoodabadi Abdoulhossein , Akbari Hossein , Benafsheh Hmid Reza , Norroddini Mahdi , Hajian Abbas 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Postoperative peritoneal adhesions (PPAs) is a common complication of abdominal surgeries causing significant morbidity and mortality. The inflammatory response to damaged peritoneal tissue is a speculated culprit. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of pimecrolimus, an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator agent, in formation of PPAs in rats.

Methods:
Complied with the Animal Research Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) Guidelines Checklist, 50 Albino rats underwent laparotomy and were allocated into 5 groups. In groups 1 to 3, topical pimecrolimus (25, 50 and 100% concentration, respectively) was applies on a scratched area of peritoneum. In group 4, only topical Eucerin was used and group 5, was the control group. On postoperative days 7 and 28, five rats from each group were randomly selected and the tensile strength and adhesiveness of intraabdominal fibrotic bundles were assessed.

Results:
There was no significant difference in tensile strength and adhesiveness, between the groups on postoperative day 7. On postoperative day 28, however, the tensile strength was significantly lower in pimecrolimus groups than in Eucerin (<0.001) and control (<0.001) groups. Groups with higher concentrations of pimecrolimus (group 2 and 3) developed significantly less adhesions than group 1, in which lower pimecrolimus concentration was used.

Conclusion:
Administration of topical pimecrolimus decrease adhesions and their tensile strength on postoperative day 28 in rats.

Highlight:
Modified endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment (EPSiT): Personal experience
Authors: Saikaly Elias , Saad Melissa Kyriakos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPilonidal disease is common problem in the sacrococcygeal region, especially among young adults. The optimal surgical approach is debatable. Herein, we present our experience in management of recurrent pilonidal disease using the endoscopic approach.
Effects of dietary electrolyte balance and calcium supply on mineral and acid−base status of piglets fed a diversified diet
Authors: Bournazel M. , Duclos M. J. , Lecompte F. , Guillou D. , Peyronnet C. , Quinsac A. , Même N. , Narcy A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is known to affect acid−base status and mineral metabolism, but is rarely considered in diet formulation for pigs. Yet, the use of a wide variety of local feedstuffs in Europe contributes to lowering the dEB and increasing the fibre content. Hence, mineral requirements may be modified and skeletal health affected. Therefore, the effects of a lower dEB and a higher dietary Ca level on acid−base balance and mineral status were assessed in young pigs fed a diversified diet. A total of twenty-four weaned pigs were fed a control moderate-dEB diet (C) or a diversified moderate-dEB (D), low-dEB (D-A) or low-dEB supplemented with Ca (D-CA) diet. Growth performance, venous blood gas and chemistry, urine pH, mineral balance and femur characteristics were determined. With an equivalent dEB compared with the C diet, the D diet caused an acidification of the urine and increased the excretion of P as a result of a higher dietary content of S. Low-grade metabolic acidosis occurred in piglets fed the D-A diet with changes at systemic and urine levels. A higher excretion of ammonia and P in urine was observed and some bone characteristics tended to be negatively affected. Ca supplementation partially counteracted the effects of low-grade acidosis. Urine excretion of P and ammonia was alleviated and bone characteristics improved. In conclusion, a higher Ca supply must be considered in more diversified diets to counteract the risk of evolving towards low-grade metabolic acidosis which can negatively affect bone.
Linear work generation of R-MAT graphs
Authors: Hübschle-Schneider Lorenz , Sanders Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractR-MAT (for Recursive MATrix) is a simple, widely used model for generating graphs with a power law degree distribution, a small diameter, and communitys structure. It is particularly attractive for generating very large graphs because edges can be generated independently by an arbitrary number of processors. However, current R-MAT generators need time logarithmic in the number of nodes for generating an edge— constant time for generating one bit at a time for node IDs of the connected nodes. We achieve constant time per edge by precomputing pieces of node IDs of logarithmic length. Using an alias table data structure, these pieces can then be sampled in constant time. This simple technique leads to practical improvements by an order of magnitude. This further pushes the limits of attainable graph size and makes generation overhead negligible in most situations.
A linear formation-flying astronomical interferometer in low Earth orbit
Authors: Hansen Jonah T. , Ireland Michael J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Space interferometry is the inevitable end point of high angular resolution astrophysics, and a key technology that can be leveraged to analyse exoplanet formation and atmospheres with exceptional detail. However, the anticipated cost of large missions, such as Darwin and TPF-I, and inadequate technology readiness levels have resulted in limited developments since the late 2000s. Here, we present a feasibility study into a small-scale formation-flying interferometric array in low Earth orbit, which will aim to prove the technical concepts involved with space interferometry while still making unique astrophysical measurements. We will detail the proposed system architecture and metrology system, as well as present orbital simulations that show that the array should be stable enough to perform interferometry with <50 m s–1 yr–1 delta-v and one thruster per spacecraft. We also conduct observability simulations to identify which parts of the sky are visible for a given orbital configuration. We conclude with optimism that this design is achievable, but a more detailed control simulation factoring in a demonstrated metrology system is the next step to demonstrate full mission feasibility.
THE TEXT OF PLINY, HN 19.4–5
Authors: Jacobs John 
Published: May 2020

In the passage about the flax plant, lini natura et miracula (HN 1.19) at the beginning of Book 19 (1–25) of his Naturalis historia, Pliny launches into a moralizing diatribe on man's assault against Nature, fulminating against the evils which man brings upon himself by taking to the high seas in ships with sails. The passage culminates in the rhetorical outburst audax uita, scelerumque plena (19.4), which serves as something of a moral aphorism for the jeremiad as a whole. Although it has been the subject of much discussion in Plinian scholarship, the text still remains in need of attention (HN 19.4–5):
audax uita, scelerumque plena! aliquid seri, ut uentos procellasque capiat, 5. et parum esse fluctibus solis uehi, iam uero nec uela satis esse maiora nauigiis, sed, cum uix amplitudini antemnarum singulae arbores sufficiant, super eas tamen addi alia uela, praeterque alia in proris et alia in puppibus pandi, ac tot modis prouocari mortem, denique tam paruo semine nasci quod orbem terrarum ultro citro portet, tam gracili auena, tam non alte a tellure tolli, neque id uiribus suis necti, sed fractum tunsumque et in mollitiem lanae coactum iniuria ad summam audaciam peruenire!
Neural connectivity biotypes: associations with internalizing problems throughout adolescence
Authors: Chahal Rajpreet , Weissman David G. , Hallquist Michael N. , Robins Richard W. , Hastings Paul D. , Guyer Amanda E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurophysiological patterns may distinguish which youth are at risk for the well-documented increase in internalizing symptoms during adolescence. Adolescents with internalizing problems exhibit altered resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of brain regions involved in socio-affective processing. Whether connectivity-based biotypes differentiate adolescents’ levels of internalizing problems remains unknown.MethodSixty-eight adolescents (37 females) reported on their internalizing problems at ages 14, 16, and 18 years. A resting-state functional neuroimaging scan was collected at age 16. Time-series data of 15 internalizing-relevant brain regions were entered into the Subgroup-Group Iterative Multi-Model Estimation program to identify subgroups based on RSFC maps. Associations between internalizing problems and connectivity-based biotypes were tested with regression analyses.ResultsTwo connectivity-based biotypes were found: a Diffusely-connected biotype (N = 46), with long-range fronto-parietal paths, and a Hyper-connected biotype (N = 22), with paths between subcortical and medial frontal areas (e.g. affective and default-mode network regions). Higher levels of past (age 14) internalizing problems predicted a greater likelihood of belonging to the Hyper-connected biotype at age 16. The Hyper-connected biotype showed higher levels of concurrent problems (age 16) and future (age 18) internalizing problems.ConclusionsDifferential patterns of RSFC among socio-affective brain regions were predicted by earlier internalizing problems and predicted future internalizing problems in adolescence. Measuring connectivity-based biotypes in adolescence may offer insight into which youth face an elevated risk for internalizing disorders during this critical developmental period.
Mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorder: a rater-blinded, multi-center, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weijers J. , Ten Kate C. , Viechtbauer W. , Rampaart L. J. A. , Eurelings E. H. M. , Selten J. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpaired mentalizing ability – an impaired ability to understand one's own and other people's behavior in terms of mental states – is associated with social dysfunction in non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD). We tested whether adding mentalization-based treatment for psychotic disorder (MBTp) to treatment as usual (TAU) results in greater improvement in social functioning.MethodsMulticenter, rater-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Eighty-four patients with NAPD were assigned to TAU or MBTp plus TAU. Patients in the MBTp group received 18 months of MBTp, consisting of weekly group sessions and one individual session per 2 weeks. Social functioning was measured using the Social Functioning Scale. We conducted ANCOVAs to examine the difference between treatment conditions directly after treatment and at 6-month follow-up and performed moderation and mediation analyses.ResultsIntention-to-treat analyses showed no significant differences between groups post-treatment (p = 0.31) but revealed the MBTp group to be superior to TAU at follow-up (p = 0.03). Patients in the MBTp group also seemed to perform better on measures of mentalizing ability, although evidence of a mediation effect was limited (p = 0.06). Lastly, MBTp treatment was less effective in chronic patients than in recent-onset patients (p = 0.049) and overall symptoms at baseline were mild, which may have reduced the overall effectiveness of the intervention.ConclusionThe results suggest that MBTp plus TAU may lead to more robust improvements in social functioning compared to TAU, especially for patients with a recent onset of psychosis.
The relative importance of personal beliefs, meta-stereotypes and societal stereotypes of age for the wellbeing of older people
Authors: Fasel Nicole , Vauclair Christin-Melanie , Lima Maria Luísa , Abrams Dominic 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNegative images of old age can harm older individuals’ cognitive and physical functioning and health. Yet, older people may be confronted with age stereotypes that are inconsistent with their own personal beliefs. We examine the implications for older people's wellbeing of three distinct elements of age stereotypes: their personal beliefs about their age group, their perception about how others generally perceive older people (i.e.their meta-stereotypes) and the societal age stereotypes that are empirically widely shared in society. Using measures from the Stereotype Content Model and survey data of older people from the United Kingdom (UK) (Study 1, N = 171), we found only partial overlap between older people's personal beliefs and their meta-stereotypes. Personal beliefs were unrelated to wellbeing, but positive meta-stereotypes of older people's competence were linked to higher wellbeing. These findings were largely replicated with a sample of baby-boomers from Switzerland (Study 2, N = 400) controlling for socio-demographics. Study 3 used representative survey data (N = 10,803) across 29 European countries, to test and confirm that the link between positive competence meta-stereotypes and wellbeing can be generalised to different cultures, and that positive warmth meta-stereotypes were an additional predictor. At the country level, societal age stereotypes about competence were positively related to the wellbeing of older people, but only in countries that provide greater opportunities for competence attainment.
Nutrient and food group intakes and skeletal muscle index in the Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHNS 2017
Authors: Okada Chika , Okada Emiko , Takimoto Hidemi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine nutrient and food intakes according to the levels of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in the elderly.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Data were derived from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. SMI was calculated by dividing appendicular skeletal muscle (or lean) mass (kg) by height squared (m2). We calculated the multivariable-adjusted means of individuals’ dietary intake. Dietary intake of energy, nutrients and food categories was assessed by examining dietary records using a semi-weighed method and compared according to the sex-specific quartiles of SMI.Participants:Men and women aged ≥60 years.Results:Among 797 men and 969 women, individuals with a higher SMI consumed more energy and more nutrients than did those with a lower SMI after adjusting for age, lifestyle and physical activity factors. After further adjusting for energy intake, total dietary fibre, vitamin A, vitamin B6, K, Fe and Cu were positively associated with higher SMI in men (Pfor trend < 0·05). For food categories, men with a higher SMI consumed more vegetables and meats, but the associations were attenuated after adjustment for energy and remained significant for vegetable only (Pfor trend = 0·018).Conclusions:Japanese elderly people with a higher SMI consumed more energy and nutrients and more vegetables than did those with a lower SMI. This finding shows that diet is important in preventing muscle loss among the elderly in an ageing society.
The purchase of the Diabetic Healthy Food Basket in Cyprus results in cost savings: is it affordable among the low-income population?
Authors: Chrysostomou Stavri , Koutsampelas Christos , Andreou Sofia N. , Pittas Charalampos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:The main objective was to assess the cost, acceptability and affordability of the Cypriot Diabetic Healthy Food Basket (DHFB).Design:The development of DHFB was based on the Cypriot HFB with adjustments based on the nutritional guidelines for diabetes as developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and information retrieved through the questionnaires. Two DHFB were constructed for adult women and adult men (±40 years) diagnosed with diabetes. Affordability was defined as the cost of DHFB as a percentage of the Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI).Setting:Cyprus.Participants:422 diabetic patients aged 18–87 years from different socioeconomic backgrounds.Results:DHFB consists of eight food categories, similar to Cypriot HFB, but different specific food items. The total monthly budget for a diabetic woman is about 15 % (25·68 Euros less) lower compared with HFB, and the relative percentage for a diabetic man is about 16 % (37·58 Euros less). The total monthly budget for a diabetic woman is about 30 % lower (60·32 Euros less) compared with that of a diabetic man. For low-income adults receiving GMI, the proportion of income that would need to be spent on DHFB ranges from around 30 to 42 % for women and men, respectively.Conclusions:The cost of DHFB is lower compared with HFB, meaning that nutritional treatment based on the practice guidelines for diabetes could be a cost-efficient therapy for these patients. DHFB is still not affordable among low-income persons.
High loss liquid dielectric characterization: Comparison of microwave waveguide and resonator measurement techniques
Authors: Eremenko Z. E. , Shubnyi A. I. , Kogut A. Y. , Dolia R. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe microwave waveguide and resonator methods are compared as applied to the experimental determination of the dielectric properties of high loss liquids. A differential microwave waveguide cavity for measuring high loss liquids complex permittivity in a small volume has been designed and studied. This cavity consists of two circular waveguide cells with central rods made of quartz and surrounded by high loss liquid tested. The cells have different lengths to eliminate complex propagation coefficient measurement errors due to the diffraction effect on the ends of the layered waveguide cells. We have measured the wave amplitude and phase coefficients for the waveguide cavity to estimate physical properties of a high loss liquid under test. The resonant frequencies and the Q-factor of a semi-disk dielectric resonator with high loss liquid filling a capillary have been measured. We have selected water-ethanol solutions as a high loss liquid under test for both techniques. We have determined the measurement sensitivity for these two techniques. The measuring results are discussed. Both the waveguide and resonator methods provide comparable sensitivity and can be successfully used for the complex permittivity characterization of high loss liquids in small volumes.