bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene relative shore level changes and Stone Age hunter‐gatherers in Hiiumaa Island, eastern Baltic Sea
Authors: Rosentau Alar , Nirgi Triine , Muru Merle , Bjursäter Stefan , Hang Tiit , Preusser Frank , Risberg Jan , Sohar Kadri , Tõnisson Hannes , Kriiska Aivar 
Published: June 2020

Holocene relative shore level (RSL) changes and Stone Age palaeogeography of Hiiumaa Island are reconstructed using airborne LiDARelevation data, sedimentological and archaeological proxies as well asGIS‐based landscape modelling. Altogether, 38RSLindex and limiting points are used in modelling and presented in the current paper. The highest raised shorelines of the Ancylus Lake and Litorina Sea, mapped at the elevations of 47 and 26 m a.s.l., formed around 10.3 and 7.4 cal. kaBP, respectively. The reconstructedRSLcurve reveals a 20‐m drainage of Ancylus Lake followed by a land‐uplift‐driven 3‐m regression during the Initial Litorina Sea period.RSLrise during the Litorina Sea transgression remained below 4 m and its maximum was reached later than proposed previously, discarding therefore the idea of highly diachronous Litorina culmination in the eastern Baltic Sea. During the period 7.4–6.0 cal. kaBP,RSLfall was about 4.3 mm a−1, and afterwards in average at about 1 mm‐1less suggesting deceleration in isostatic rebound. suggesting deceleration in isostatic rebound. Palaeogeographical reconstructions show that during its earliest occupation at about 7.6 cal. kaBPless than 1% of the terrain of Hiiumaa was above the sea level and that wind‐protectedSEexposed shores were the most preferred campsite locations of Late Mesolithic and Neolithic settlers. These campsites are located successively at lower elevations following the shoreline retreat and show repeated use of this coastal area between 7.6 and 4.6 cal. kaBP. Due to the spread of the Corded Ware culture around 4.8–4.0 cal. kaBPthe settlements of Hiiumaa Island and many other coastal areas of the eastern Baltic moved from the coast to more suitable places for agriculture and animal husbandry.
Validation of the fine motor subtest of the Bayley‐III with children with sickle cell disease using Rasch analysis
Authors: L'Hotta Allison J. , Hoyt Catherine R. , Lindsey Terianne , Abel Regina A. , Chang Chih‐Hung , King Allison A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for fine motor (FM) delays; however, screening for FM impairments is not common among young children with SCD. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) is the most commonly used performance‐based developmental assessment. We aim to determine if the FM subtest of the Bayley‐III is structured hierarchically in accordance with development and comprehensively evaluates FM development in children with SCD.MethodsBayley‐III assessments were completed between October 2009 and December 2013. The Bayley‐III FM screening test, a shorter and more rapid method of assessing for FM impairments, was not directly administered to participants. Screening test scores were calculated from full Bayley‐III scores.ResultsRasch analysis was performed using WINSTEPS. Sixty children with SCD were included in the final Rasch model. The Rasch‐generated Wright map, which jointly positions items and persons on the same latent trait, illustrated that the FM items were slightly skewed towards more challenging items, indicating more difficult items may be overrepresented. High item separation values were reported (17.4), and item outfit statistics were less than 1.7. More than one third of items demonstrated overfit, indicating possible item redundancy. The FM subtest and the screening test, a shorter and faster method of assessing skills, were highly correlated (r = 0.993, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe Bayley‐III FM subtest is structured hierarchically, aligning with motor development, and comprehensively evaluates FM development in children with SCD. The test could be improved by reordering items, removing overfitting items and modifying screening test items to capture all ranges of development. The screening test is comprehensive and has high potential clinical utility among children with SCD.
Development of early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: Illusion or reality?
Authors: Ugrumov Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fight against neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson's disease (PD), is a challenge of the 21st century. The low efficacy of treating patients is due to the late diagnosis and start of therapy, after the degeneration of most specific neurons and depletion of neuroplasticity. It is believed that the development of early diagnosis (ED) and preventive treatment will delay the onset of specific symptoms. This review evaluates methodologies for developing ED of PD. Since PD is a systemic disease, and the degeneration of certain neurons precedes that of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons that control motor function, the current methodology is based on searching biomarkers, such as premotor symptoms and changes in body fluids (BF) in patients. However, all attempts to develop ED were unsuccessful. Therefore, it is proposed to enhance the current methodology by (i) selecting among biomarkers found in BF in patients at the clinical stage those that are characteristics of animal models of the preclinical stage, (ii) searching biomarkers in BF in subjects at the prodromal stage, selected by detecting premotor symptoms and failure of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Moreover, a new methodology was proposed for the development of ED of PD using a provocative test, which is successfully used in internal medicine.
Children's Dysregulated Representations Mediate Ineffective Parenting Practices and Effortful Control in Lower Income Families
Authors: Nowak Amanda L. , Braungart‐Rieker Julia M. , Planalp Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveRooted in attachment theory, we tested the degree to which children's dysregulated representations mediate linkages between ineffective parenting and children's effortful control in a sample of lower income families.BackgroundChildren in lower income households are at greater risk for difficulties with effortful control. Although ineffective parenting practices may influence children's development of effortful control, there is limited knowledge related to the mechanisms underlying this association. According to attachment theory, it is possible that children who experience ineffective parenting practices have more dysregulated representations, which may then be linked with poorly regulated behavior.MethodThis cross‐sectional study included 40 preschool‐age children enrolled in Head Start and their mothers. Ineffective parenting practices were operationalized using mothers' self‐reported parenting styles and observed parenting behaviors; children's dysregulated representations and effortful control were measured during a series of observed laboratory tasks. Structural equation modeling was used to test pathways between measured variables.ResultsThe relation between ineffective parenting practices and children's effortful control was not directly related; however, structural equation modeling indicated a significant indirect effect through children's dysregulated representations. Children whose mothers were more ineffective in their parenting had more dysregulated representations. In turn, more dysregulated representations were related to poorer effortful control.ConclusionChildren who experience ineffective parenting practices may be less likely to internalize reliable expectations regarding their environment's structure and order. Poorly stabilized perceptions may inhibit adaptive social and behavioral functioning.ImplicationsThese findings inform intervention efforts aimed toward enhancing parenting practices to improve children's representations and effortful control behaviors.
Effects of multiple drivers of ocean global change on the physiology and functional gene expression of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Feng Yuanyuan , Roleda Michael Y. , Armstrong Evelyn , Summerfield Tina C. , Law Cliff S. , Hurd Catriona L. , Boyd Philip W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOngoing ocean global change due to anthropogenic activities is causing multiple chemical and physical seawater properties to change simultaneously, which may affect the physiology of marine phytoplankton. The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a model species often employed in the study of the marine carbon cycle. The effect of ocean acidification (OA) on coccolithophore calcification has been extensively studied; however, physiological responses to multiple environmental drivers are still largely unknown. Here we examined two‐way and multiple driver effects of OA and other key environmental drivers—nitrate, phosphate, irradiance, and temperature—on the growth, photosynthetic, and calcification rates, and the elemental composition of E. huxleyi. In addition, changes in functional gene expression were examined to understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning the physiological responses. The single driver manipulation experiments suggest decreased nitrate supply being the most important driver regulating E. huxleyi physiology, by significantly reducing the growth, photosynthetic, and calcification rates. In addition, the interaction of OA and decreased nitrate supply (projected for year 2100) had more negative synergistic effects on E. huxleyi physiology than all other two‐way factorial manipulations, suggesting a linkage between the single dominant driver (nitrate) effects and interactive effects with other drivers. Simultaneous manipulation of all five environmental drivers to the conditions of the projected year 2100 had the largest negative effects on most of the physiological metrics. Furthermore, functional genes associated with inorganic carbon acquisition (RubisCO, AEL1, and δCA) and calcification (CAX3, AEL1, PATP, and NhaA2) were most downregulated by the multiple driver manipulation, revealing linkages between responses of functional gene expression and associated physiological metrics. These findings together indicate that for more holistic projections of coccolithophore responses to future ocean global change, it is necessary to understand the relative importance of environmental drivers both individually (i.e., mechanistic understanding) and interactively (i.e., cumulative effect) on coccolithophore physiology.
‘It is always worth the extra effort’: Organizational structures and barriers to collaboration with consumers in mental health research: Perspectives of non‐consumer researcher allies
Authors: Happell Brenda , Gordon Sarah , Roper Cath , Scholz Brett , Ellis Pete , Waks Shifra , Warner Terri , Platania‐Phung Chris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsumer collaboration in mental health research has demonstrated significant benefits and reflects both contemporary research practice and policy goals for the expected genuine involvement of consumers in all aspects of mental health service delivery. Notable barriers have been identified as impeding consumer researcher positions that must be better understood and ultimately addressed. The aim of this research was to better understand these barriers from the perspectives of non‐consumer researchers who have worked collegially with consumer researchers. We developed a self‐report survey, Consumers as Researchers in Mental Health (CaRiMH) and administered it to non‐consumer mental health researchers in Australia and New Zealand. Findings suggest a lack of organizational structures to support both consumer research and capacity building of consumer researchers. Most consumer researchers were employed casually with no set hours. Although consumer researchers were typically remunerated, inadequate funding and inflexibility of employment were highlighted as major barriers. There was variation in opinion about token involvement of consumer researchers and some uncertainty about whether these roles, where they existed, were actively resisted. Despite the acknowledged barriers, participants were positive about collaborations with consumer researchers. Overall, findings suggest consumer research is unlikely to proliferate without greater attention to organizational structures. A systematic and strategic approach to advancing mental health consumer research is required, including extra‐organizational policy factors.
Involving Cultural Sensitivity in the Design Process: A Design Toolkit for Chinese Cultural Products
Authors: Wang Yu‐Han , Ajovalasit Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCultural and creative industries have become prosperous, and successful examples in the UK have inspired many countries to commercialise their own cultures by integrating their cultural values into art and design production. Inspired by this trend, the aim of this project is to increase awareness of traditional Chinese cultural aesthetics in modern product development as well as to highlight the role of cultural sensitivity in the product design process. This study focuses on industrial cultural products and examines the meanings and values of cultural products. Through the examination of the user experience of current cultural products with questionnaires and interviews with product designers, a design toolkit for Chinese cultural products was developed and applied in design practice. Design majors from various cultural backgrounds were recruited to participate in workshops to evaluate the usability of the toolkit and to validate whether the toolkit helped in their design processes. The findings of the research revealed that users’ experiences, particularly users’ emotional engagement with the products, could be enriched when the design toolkit was applied in the design process. This design toolkit is designed for use by international designers in the initial stage of the design process when idea generation, brainstorming and sketching occur. The toolkit could be applied not only in product design but also in visual communication design, interior design and digital content design.
LncRNA TUG1 regulates ApoM to promote atherosclerosis progression through miR‐92a/FXR1 axis
Authors: Yang Liu , Li Tie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to explore the possible mechanism of TUG1 regulating ApoM in AS. To this end, expression levels of TUG1 and ApoM were measured in high fat dieted C57BL/6J mice, normal dieted C57BL/6J mice, ob/ob mice and db/db mice. LV‐TUG1 or sh‐TUG1 was injected into C57BL/6J mice before isolating peritoneal macrophages to measure cholesterol efflux (CE) and expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR‐BI. Meanwhile, CE in RAW264.7 cells was also measured after cell transfection. Dual luciferase reporter assay and anti‐AGO2 RIP were applied to verify the relationship among TUG1, FXR1 and miR‐92a. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) as well as expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in plasma were measured. Knock‐down or expressed TUG1, FXR1 or miR‐92a in NCTC 1469 cells or in ApoE−/− AS mice to determine the alteration on ApoM and plaque size. TUG1 was highly expressed while ApoM was down‐regulated in high fat dieted C57BL/6J mice, b/ob and db/db mice. Overexpression of TUG1 could reduce the expression of ApoM, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in addition to slowing down CE rate. Reversed expression pattern was found in cells with knock‐down of TUG1. TUG1 can compete with FXR1 to bind miR‐92a. FXR1 negatively target ApoM. Overexpression of TUG1 in ApoE−/− mice can increase plaque size and enhance macrophage contents accordingly. TUG1 can inhibit ApoM in both liver tissues and plasma to inhibit CE through regulating miR‐92a/ FXR1 axis. TUG1 is a promising target for AS treatment.
Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self‐Measure to assess the perceived burden in patients with chronic inflammatory vulvar diseases: an observational study
Authors: Corazza M. , Virgili A. , Toni G. , Valpiani G. , Morotti C. , Borghi A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammatory vulvar diseases can have a huge detrimental impact on patient welfare. A few studies have addressed this issue so far, mainly measuring patients' quality of life or sexual dysfunction.ObjectiveTo assess the burden of suffering in patients with chronic inflammatory vulvar diseases using the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self‐Measure (PRISM), a visual, non‐verbal instrument. We also assessed (i) the concordance between PRISM and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), (ii) whether some variables, both patient‐related and disease‐related, affect the patient's suffering and quality‐of‐life impairment.MethodsWe evaluated for inclusion in this cross‐sectional study all patients who attended our Vulva Unit over a 9‐month period with histologically proven lichen sclerosus (LS), lichen planus (LP), lichen simplex chronicus (LSC), eczema, plasma cell vulvitis and psoriasis (at least five for each disease). Demographics and disease‐related subjective and objective scores were recorded. The PRISM and DLQI were administered.ResultsWe included 87 patients affected with LS, 13 with LSC and seven with LP. Median PRISM values (0–273 mm) ranged from 95 to 120 mm, depending on the disease, and median DLQI scores (0–30) were five for all three groups. Neither PRISM nor DLQI scores differed significantly among the three groups. Moderate coherence was found between PRISM and DLQI (ρ = 0.5455, P < 0.001). Global subjective score was the only variable significantly associated with the degree of suffering and quality‐of‐life impairment.ConclusionsPictorial Representation of Illness and Self‐Measure proved to be a valuable, highly reliable tool for measuring the perceived burden in these patients. In spite of a moderate correlation, PRISM resulted more sensitive in capturing patient distress than DLQI.
Demarcated pens and dependent pets: Conservation livelihoods in an indigenous Amazonian protected area
Authors: Oakley R. Elliott 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTAnthropological discussions of indigenous participation in (or exclusion from) conservation projects tend to emphasize contrasting socio‐environmental relations and power asymmetries. By tracing Waiwai interpretations of a protected area partnership in southern Guyana, the article describes how indigenous ideas about land and boundaries have implications beyond enacting the “environment.” Waiwai emphases on an obligation of care implied through enclosure, framed in terms of pets and pens, speak to the practical and political importance of building relationships with powerful outsiders for contemporary Amazonian livelihoods. Despite the value placed on self‐sufficiency in environmentalist discourse, the ability to make claims on others—including from a position of dependency—matters for obtaining land rights, development outcomes, and money. These outcomes, which deepen relations to governments, NGOs, and market economies, are important to how Waiwai people think of sustaining their lives. This article suggests that relations of strategic dependency are an important, though potentially fraught, form of indigenous agency in Amazonia. [agency, dependency, environmental conservation, development, Guyana, Amazonia, Waiwai]
Functional segregation within the pelvic nerve of male rats: a meso‐ and microscopic analysis
Authors: Bertrand Martin M. , Korajkic Nadja , Osborne Peregrine B. , Keast Janet R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe pelvic splanchnic nerves are essential for pelvic organ function and have been proposed as targets for neuromodulation. We have focused on the rodent homologue of these nerves, the pelvic nerves. Our goal was to define within the pelvic nerve the projections of organ‐specific sensory axons labelled by microinjection of neural tracer (cholera toxin, subunit B) into the bladder, urethra or rectum. We also examined the location of peptidergic sensory axons within the pelvic nerves to determine whether they aggregated separately from sacral preganglionic and paravertebral sympathetic postganglionic axons travelling in the same nerve. To address these aims, microscopy was performed on the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) with attached pelvic nerves, microdissected from young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (6–8 weeks old) and processed as whole mounts for fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The pelvic nerves were typically composed of five discrete fascicles. Each fascicle contained peptidergic sensory, cholinergic preganglionic and noradrenergic postganglionic axons. Sensory axons innervating the lower urinary tract (LUT) consistently projected in specific fascicles within the pelvic nerves, whereas sensory axons innervating the rectum projected in a complementary group of fascicles. These discrete aggregations of organ‐specific sensory projections could be followed along the full length of the pelvic nerves. From the junction of the pelvic nerve with the MPG, sensory axons immunoreactive for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) showed several distinct patterns of projection: some projected directly to the cavernous nerve, others projected directly across the surface of the MPG to the accessory nerves and a third class entered the MPG, encircling specific cholinergic neurons projecting to the LUT. A subpopulation of preganglionic inputs to noradrenergic MPG neurons also showed CGRP immunoreactivity. Together, these studies reveal new molecular and structural features of the pelvic nerves and suggest functional targets of sensory nerves in the MPG. These anatomical data will facilitate the design of experimental bioengineering strategies to specifically modulate each axon class.
Development of extrinsic innervation in the abdominal intestines of human embryos
Authors: Kruepunga Nutmethee , Hikspoors Jill P. J. M. , Hülsman Cindy J. M. , Mommen Greet M. C. , Köhler S. Eleonore , Lamers Wouter H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCompared to the intrinsic enteric nervous system (ENS), development of the extrinsic ENS is poorly documented, even though its presence is easily detectable with histological techniques. We visualised its development in human embryos and foetuses of 4–9.5 weeks post‐fertilisation using Amira 3D‐reconstruction and Cinema 4D‐remodelling software. The extrinsic ENS originated from small, basophilic neural crest cells (NCCs) that migrated to the para‐aortic region and then continued ventrally to the pre‐aortic region, where they formed autonomic pre‐aortic plexuses. From here, nerve fibres extended along the ventral abdominal arteries and finally connected to the intrinsic system. Schwann cell precursors (SCPs), a subgroup of NCCs that migrate on nerve fibres, showed region‐specific differences in differentiation. SCPs developed into scattered chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla dorsolateral to the coeliac artery (CA) and into more tightly packed chromaffin cells of the para‐aortic bodies ventrolateral to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), with reciprocal topographic gradients between both fates. The extrinsic ENS first extended along the CA and then along the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and IMA 5 days later. Apart from the branch to the caecum, extrinsic nerves did not extend along SMA branches in the herniated parts of the midgut until the gut loops had returned in the abdominal cavity, suggesting a permissive role of the intraperitoneal environment. Accordingly, extrinsic innervation had not yet reached the distal (colonic) loop of the midgut at 9.5 weeks development. Based on intrinsic ENS‐dependent architectural remodelling of the gut layers, extrinsic innervation followed intrinsic innervation 3–4 Carnegie stages later.