bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The housing consumption capital asset pricing model with an antichresis rent market: Nonseparability and composition risk
Authors: Kim Jihun , Hur Seok‐Kyun , Park Yun W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe develop a housing consumption capital asset pricing model for economies with an antichresis rent market wherein property owners receive up‐front lump‐sum deposits from renters instead of monthly rents and use it as leverage to acquire housing assets for rent. We estimate the model using antichresis rent market and stock market data for Korea. We find that housing consumption and nonhousing consumption, which are complementary over the long term, have sufficient cross‐sectional elasticity of substitution, leading to a meaningful composition risk premium. We find that the housing expenditure share is procyclical, while intratemporal elasticity of substitution between housing and nonhousing consumption is close to but larger than one and greater than intertemporal elasticity of substitution. As a result, the composition risk arising from the nonseparability of housing and nonhousing consumption induces a sizable positive risk premium. Finally, we examine the effect of interest rate risk by decomposing composition risk into interest rate risk and noninterest rate risk and find that interest rate risk is primarily responsible for the positive composition risk premium.
Characterization of Algerian‐Seized Hashish Over Eight Years (2011–2018). Part I: Physical Categorization
Authors: Boumrah Yacine , Baroudi Salem , Kecir Mohamed , Bouanani Sabrina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractData on the physical characteristics of North African hashish are scarce. This article exploits hashish seizure data collected over an 8‐year period (2011–2018) in Algeria in order to establish a physical profile of North African hashish. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis in order to characterize the three main forms in which North African hashish is packaged, namely hashish bags, hashish packets, and hashish units (slab bars). The study revealed that 82% of hashish bags weigh 25 kg that hashish bags are made either as a handbag or as a back bag that they are most often wrapped with woven plastic. Two hashish bag configurations were identified—Bag‐Packet‐Unit (79%) and Bag‐Unit (21%)—and 81% of the total studied bags featured logos. Hashish packets contain the units, which are wrapped with three to five different types of packaging to constitute packets of 0.5 kg (65%) or 1 kg (32%), with two different configurations including 100‐ or 250‐g units. Hashish packets are mainly covered with adhesive tape, and only 18% of them feature inscriptions. Hashish units are found in three different shapes: slab bar (most common), soap bar, and egg‐shaped bar. Sixty‐five percent of the North African hashish slab bars have a weight of 100 g; other weights are 250 g (20%), 90 g (10%), and 200 g (2%). Most of the 90–100 g units have a light brown color, and 200–250 g units are dark brown in color. Sixty‐four percent of hashish units contain logos. Five logo classes were identified: letters (37%), numbers (27%), symbols (23%), animals (11%), and, more recently, “paper logos” at just 2%, exclusively reserved for high‐quality hashish and entirely intended for the European market. The findings of this work allow for the establishment of a profiling platform of hashish seizures in this region and can be generalized to all countries that report this region as the primary source of seized hashish within their territory.
Application of commercial kits using DNA‐based and immunochemical methods for determination of shrimp allergens in kimchi and its ingredients
Authors: Jeong Seul‐Gi , Kim Sung Hyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShrimps cause a significant part of crustacea‐related allergies. It is used in processed foods, including fermented Korean foods, such as kimchi. Even low amounts of shrimp allergens can provoke reactions in consumers allergic to shrimp. Accurate food labeling is the most effective means of preventing the consumption of allergenic ingredients. To validate labeling compliance and minimize the risk of cross‐contaminations, the effectiveness of methodologies used for the detection of allergens in foods should be compared. Here, seven commercial kits, based on quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were assessed for their ability to detect the presence of shrimp allergens in food. Our results showed that SureFood real‐time PCR kit and Ridascreen ELISA kit had the highest recovery, whereas five other kits underperformed in the determination of allergen content of kimchi and its ingredients. The variation in recovery among the kits depended on the limit of detection and reactivity to the shrimp allergens, tropomyosin, and sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein.Practical ApplicationThis research confirms the performance of commercial kits to detect the presence of shrimp allergens in kimchi, and demonstrates that the sensitivity of these kits depends on reactivity to the specific shrimp allergenic proteins. These results can be used to food allergy labeling and can be applied by the food industry to develop allergen test kits for fermented foods with improved performance.
Improving walnuts’ preservation by using walnut phenolic extracts as natural antioxidants through a walnut protein‐based edible coating
Authors: Grosso Antonella L. , Riveros Cecilia , Asensio Claudia M. , Grosso Nelson R. , Nepote Valeria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWalnut kernels contain high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids that determine a limited shelf life on these nuts. The application of walnut phenolics as antioxidants through a walnut protein‐based coating, obtained from walnut oil cake residue, can help to increase the shelf life of walnuts. The objective was to evaluate the preservative effect of walnut polyphenols included in a walnut‐proteic edible coating on walnut kernels. Three treatments of walnuts coated with walnut flour were prepared: without the addition of antioxidants (control); with the addition of a walnut phenolic extract; and with the addition of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). On the last storage day, the sample with the addition of walnut phenolics presented a lower peroxide (3.64 meq 02/kg oil) and anisidine value (1.11), conjugated diene (15.92), and hexanal content (19.67 × 106 e.c.) than the control sample (6.23, 1.81, 24.65, and 122.37 × 106 e.c., respectively). Also, on the last day, the control sample showed the highest deterioration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (from 74.83 to 71.08 g/100g), carotenoid (from 3.43 to 1.90 mg/kg), and γ‐tocopherol content (from 349.66 to 298.42 mg/kg). In addition, this sample exhibited the highest oxidized (20.33) and the lowest walnut flavor intensity (64.67) on day 84. Regarding consumer acceptance, the phenolic‐added sample displayed a greater flavor acceptance score. Walnut phenolics, implemented through a walnut protein‐based coating, improve the preservation of walnuts.Practical ApplicationThe combination of walnut‐phenolic extracts and walnut‐based edible coating applied on walnuts by food industries allows to prolong their shelf life, by preserving their nutritional, sensory, and quality properties. Considering the practical feasibility, the procedure used to prepare these products is simple and requires machineries already present in food industries. In addition, the utilization of this coating with walnut‐phenolics exerts benefits like, the prevention of allergen cross‐contamination in the chain of production, the utilization of an industry's residue, the replacement of synthetic antioxidants and, and the diminishment of the amount and thickness of plastic needed for walnuts’ packaging.
Ultra‐high temperature (UHT) stability of chocolate flavored high protein beverages
Authors: Singh Jaspal , Prakash Sangeeta , Bhandari Bhesh , Bansal Nidhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of two milk protein formulations and κ‐carrageenan concentration (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%) on UHT (145 °C) fouling behavior and physical properties of chocolate flavored high protein beverages were studied. These two beverage formulations were: (i) reconstituted milk protein concentrate (RMPC‐Choco) and (ii) RMPC and reconstituted whey protein concentrate (C:W‐Choco). The UHT run times for samples prepared without κ‐carrageenan were very short (9.5 ± 0.71 and 26.5 ± 2.12 min for RMPC‐Choco‐0 and C:W‐Choco‐0, respectively) due to settlement of cocoa powder particles inside the UHT plant leading to severe fouling. The κ‐carrageenan requirement for UHT stable (UHT run times > 120 min) RMPC‐Choco and C:W‐Choco was 0.03 and 0.01%, respectively. The presence of higher amounts of whey proteins in C:W‐Choco lowered its κ‐carrageenan requirement to render it UHT stable due to additional gelation of whey proteins. This additional gelation was evident from larger average particle sizes and higher viscosity of UHT treated C:W‐Choco samples at κ‐carrageenan concentrations similar to RMPC‐Choco samples.Practical ApplicationThis research can be helpful to the food industry when formulating chocolate flavored high protein beverages; their protein profiles can be modified to lower the amount of stabilizers required to make them UHT stable.
COVID‐19: A Make or Break Moment for Global Policy Making
Authors: Maffettone Pietro , Oldani Chiara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic poses an unprecedented set of challenges to governments, policy makers and citizens; lockdowns and social distancing measures generate significant economic losses, fuel public expenditures and deficits and will no doubt significantly boost public debts. The burden of such measures is also likely to be disproportionately felt by the worse‐off members of society and will weigh heavily on future generations. This is both unfair and runs the risk of politically destabilizing the recovery process. To avoid these outcomes unconventional policy measure such as taxes on private wealth and digital economic activities, but also public debt monetization, should be considered. From a political perspective, governments should realize that policy coordination is the only successful exit strategy following a systemic economic shock. While the EU is moving faster than we are accustomed to, it still seems unable to respond quickly enough given the nature of the circumstances. In this picture, the G‐20, provided it acts quickly over the coming months, could emerge as the sole global policy forum left on the playing field that can avoid that national interests will prevail eventually producing collectively sub‐optimal results in the long‐run.
Animal models of sarcopenia
Authors: Christian Courtney J. , Benian Guy M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is the age‐related decline in muscle mass and function without any underlying disease. The exact molecular mechanisms responsible for this pathology remain unknown. The use of model organisms, such as mice, rats, flies, and worms, has advanced the field of sarcopenia research by identifying therapeutic strategies and genetic mutations that result in improved muscle mass and function of elderly animals. This review discusses molecular and therapeutic discoveries made using these model organisms and how these animals can be further utilized to better understand sarcopenia pathogenesis. In rodents, flies, and worms, dietary restriction improves muscle performance in old animals. In rodents and worms, exercise and a number of naturally occurring compounds alleviate sarcopenia. Reduction in the insulin/IGF1 receptor pathway, well known to promote longevity, improves sarcopenia in worms and flies. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia: In rodents, there is age‐dependent reduction in mitochondrial mass and a change in morphology; in nematodes, there is age‐dependent fragmentation of mitochondria that precedes sarcomeric disorganization. In Drosophila and rats, components of the 26S proteasome are elevated in aged muscle. An advantage of the worm and fly models is that these organisms lack muscle stem cells, and thus processes that promote the maintenance of already assembled muscle, can be identified without the confounding influence of muscle regeneration. Zebrafish are an up and coming model of sarcopenia for future consideration. A better understanding of the molecular changes behind sarcopenia will help researchers develop better therapies to improve the muscle health of elderly individuals.
The Impact of Clinical Seizure Characteristics on Recognition and Treatment of New‐onset Focal Epilepsy in Emergency Departments
Authors: Pellinen Jacob , Tafuro Erica , Baehr Avi , Barnard Sarah , Holmes Manisha , French Jacqueline ,   the Human Epilepsy Project Investigators
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveMany people with new‐onset focal epilepsy initially seek evaluation in emergency departments (EDs), and treatment decisions in EDs can influence likelihood of seizure recurrence. Using data collected for the Human Epilepsy Project (HEP), we assessed the effect of clinical seizure characteristics on ED clinical management.MethodsThere were 447 participants with new‐onset focal epilepsy seen within 4 months of treatment initiation who were eligible and enrolled in HEP. Seizure calendars and medical records were collected. Based on clinical descriptions, seizures were categorized by semiology according to International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classifications as either focal nonmotor or focal motor seizures.ResultsOverall, 279 of 447(62%) of participants had presented to an ED prior to or at time of epilepsy diagnosis. A total of 132 of 246 (53%) with initial nonmotor seizures presented to an ED. Of these, eight (6%) presented with a first‐lifetime nonmotor seizure. The other 124 (94%) presented after multiple seizures: seven (5%) with multiple nonmotor seizures and 117 (89%) with a first‐lifetime motor seizure after having prior nonmotor seizures. A total of 147 of 201 (73%) participants with initial motor seizures presented to an ED. Of these, 134 (92%) presented with a first‐lifetime motor seizure and 13 (9%) with multiple motor seizures. There was no difference in the likelihood of antiseizure medication initiation between participants who had multiple prior nonmotor seizures followed by a motor seizure (thereby fulfilling the criterion for an epilepsy diagnosis) versus those presenting with a single lifetime motor seizure (39% vs. 43%). There was no difference in recognition of seizures as the presenting complaint (85% vs. 87%) or whether the participant was admitted or referred to a neurologist (87% vs. 79%).ConclusionsThis study contributes to evidence of underrecognition of nonmotor focal seizure semiologies in ED settings, which can support large‐scale interventions aimed at improving recognition, specialist consultation, and treatment in ED settings.
Social network predictors of recent and sustained injection drug use cessation: findings from a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Rudolph Abby E. , Upton Elizabeth , Young April M. , Havens Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThe US opioid crisis has led to increases in overdose fatalities and the incidence of HIV, hepatitis C and other infections. This analysis examines social network predictors of recent (self‐report injection followed by non‐injection) and sustained (self‐report non‐injection at two consecutive visits among those who previously injected) injection cessation in Appalachian Kentucky.DesignData were collected through bi‐annual longitudinal assessments for Social Networks among Appalachian People (SNAP; 2008–17). Using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations that clustered on individuals, we regressed non‐injection status on the number of social network members who (a) did not inject and (b) recently stopped injecting and tested for interactions between each social network exposure and prior non‐injection status. Social network exposures were self‐reported.SettingRural eastern Kentucky, USA.ParticipantsParticipants entered the analysis only after reporting recent injection and had to have had at least two consecutive study visits (n = 326).MeasurementsInterviewer‐administered surveys collected individual‐level socio‐demographics, recent (past 6 months) drug use behaviors and the names of recent social support, sex and drug‐use partners.FindingsAfter adjusting for confounders, the number of non‐injecting social network members was positively associated with recent/sustained injection cessation (adjusted odds ratio = 1.27; 95% confidence interval = 1.13–1.42) and having more social network members was associated with reduced odds of recent/sustained injection cessation. The number of previously injecting social network members who had recently stopped injecting was not statistically significantly associated with injection cessation. Neither of the interactions we tested for was statistically significant, suggesting that the relationships may be similar for those who recently stopped injecting versus had not injected for at least 1 year.ConclusionsFor each additional network member who did not inject drugs, there was an increased odds of recent and sustained injection cessation among people with a history of injection drug use in Appalachian Kentucky.
Adherence to a selective antenatal haemoglobinopathy screening policy within a tertiary level obstetric unit in Australia
Authors: Borbolla Foster Ailsa , Smith Elloise , Ross Bryony 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundHaemoglobinopathies represent the most common single gene disorder worldwide; however, significant centre to centre variations in antenatal screening practices exist.AimsTo assess performance of a selective antenatal haemoglobinopathy screening policy within a presumed low‐prevalence Australian population. Primary outcome was the failure to screen rate for women with at least one identifiable risk factor. Secondary outcomes included outcomes of maternal screening and rates, gestations and outcomes of paternal, prenatal and neonatal testing.Materials and methodsA two‐year retrospective cohort study identifying all women attending for public antenatal care with at least one identifiable risk factor for haemoglobinopathy.ResultsAt least one risk factor for haemoglobinopathy was identified in 8.8% of the entire pregnant cohort; however, the failure to screen rate was high at 83.7% overall. Screening was significantly more likely to be undertaken in multiparous women, those with multiple risk factors and women originating from the Middle East. Twenty percent of screened women returned an abnormal result; however, this led to paternal haemoglobinopathy screening in only 66.6%. Where completed, the addition of partner screening reclassified offspring to low‐risk status in 85.7% of cases.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates an 83.7% screen failure rate within a selective screening model raising concerns regarding the clinical utility and health equity of this approach. This major drawback of selective screening suggests that institution of a universal antenatal screening system for haemoglobinopathies, even in anticipated low‐prevalence areas, will improve detection rates and ensure families receive appropriate and timely counselling.
Menopausal hormonal therapy in gynaecological cancers: An evidence‐based approach for clinical management
Authors: Fenton Christine L. , McGauran Melissa J. , Richards Anthony M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTreatment for gynaecological malignancies often requires oophorectomy or loss of ovarian function from adjuvant treatment. Premature or early menopause caused by gynaecological cancer treatment may require menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) to treat vasomotor symptoms. However, concerns exist due to theoretical risks of stimulation of hormonal‐sensitive tumours and hence increasing recurrence risk. There are small numbers of often underpowered fair to poor quality studies indicating that MHT is safe with most gynaecological malignancies. These studies are of variable quality with most being retrospective. We present the available data on this subject relative to the common types of gynaecological cancer.
The risk of sliding down
Authors: GARDINI MARCO 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWorking relationships are one of the most privileged arenas for renegotiating class and status distinctions, and the notion of “sliding down” is a common worry in many societies. In Madagascar the legacies of slavery powerfully haunt contemporary life, shaping the economic conditions and everyday power relations between employers and domestic workers. Socially isolated domestic workers often run the risk of “sliding down” the local ranked system of essentialized, endogamous status groups, a system that still divides families into three categories of origin: noble, common, and slave. While many employers try to reinforce their social prestige by “pushing others down,” domestic workers struggle to avoid being labeled and treated as a “slave.” Meanwhile, a global “neoabolitionist” movement may label these harsh forms of labor exploitation as a “new form of slavery,” but such labels might erode domestic workers’ efforts to de‐essentialize their stigmatized social position. [domestic work, status, class, slavery, Madagascar]
Reducing length of stay for patients presenting to general surgery with acute non‐surgical abdominal pain
Authors: de Burlet Kirsten J. , Desmond Brendan , Matsis Raphael , Harper Simon J. , Larsen Peter D. , Dennett Elizabeth R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAcute abdominal pain is a common surgical presentation. We previously found that over the last decade, more patients were admitted to hospital with non‐surgical diagnoses (e.g. gastroenteritis, constipation and non‐specific abdominal pain) and length of stay and use of imaging (mainly computed tomography scan) for these patients increased. This study aimed to reduce length of stay and use of imaging for patients admitted with non‐surgical abdominal pain.MethodsA prospective study was undertaken in a tertiary centre evaluating length of stay and use of additional imaging in patients with a non‐surgical diagnosis after a quality improvement intervention was implemented.ResultsA total of 454 patients were included; 204 (44.9%) presented with non‐surgical abdominal pain. During the study period, a significant reduction in computed tomography scan requests was observed (38.5–25.0%, P = 0.037) and an increasing proportion of these patients were discharged within 12 h (33.3–57.1%, P = 0.018). The number of re‐presentations remained unchanged (P = 0.358).ConclusionsThe study intervention increased the proportion of patients with non‐surgical diagnoses that were successfully discharged within 12 h and reduced the use of additional imaging in this group. This may lead to improved use of health care resources for patients with more urgent diagnoses.