bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The outcome for surgical fixation of distal radial fractures in patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease: a cohort study
Authors: Chou Te-Feng , Chang Chun Yao , Huang Chun-Ching , Chang Ming-Chau , Chen Wei-Ming , Huang Tung-Fu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurologic disorder causing postural instability and unsteady gait. These patients are at increased risk for fractures and have inferior outcomes after treatment. Several studies have evaluated the incidence and outcome of PD patients after hip fractures. However, there are limited studies assessing the outcome of upper extremity fractures in these patients. In this study, we evaluated the outcome of PD patients that received surgical intervention for distal radial fractures (DRF). We hypothesize that these patients have an inferior outcome after surgery in comparison with non-PD patients. Methods Between May 2005 through May 2017, we retrospectively reviewed all of the patients with DRF and subsequently underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) at a level 1 trauma center. All of the surgeries were performed by fellowship trained orthopedic surgeons. The inclusion criteria include patients with a definitive diagnosis of PD, non-pathological DRF and a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Each PD patient was matched for age and gender to 3 non-PD patients. The primary objective was to determine the failure rate after surgical fixation for DRF. The secondary outcomes include time to treatment failure, reoperation rate, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. Results A total of 88 patients were included in this study (23 PD, 65 non-PD patients). All underwent ORIF and received standard postoperative follow-ups. The overall treatment failure rate in PD was 39.1% vs. 4.6% in the non-PD group (p<0.001). The time to treatment failure were 9.11 ± 3.86 weeks and 14.67 ± 5.8 weeks for PD and non-PD, respectively (p=0.028). The length of hospital stay for PD was 5.3 ± 4.69 days compared with 3.78 ± 0.96 days for non-PD (p=0.007). There were 3 PD patients readmitted within 30 days after surgery, and 1 patient had pneumonia after the surgery. Conclusion This study revealed that patients with PD have a high treatment failure rate despite surgical intervention for DRF. PD patients had a longer hospital stay and had a shorter time to treatment failure. In treating PD patients complicated with DRF, the surgeon must take into consideration the complex disease course of PD and the associated comorbidities such as osteoporosis, frail status, unintentional tremor and frequent falls. Rehabilitation and disposition plans should be discussed in advance and longer hospital stays should be expected.
Evaluation of personal protection afforded by repellent-treated sandals against mosquito bites in south-eastern Tanzania.
Authors: Sangoro Peter Onyango , Gavana Tegemeo , Finda Marceline , Mponzi Winfrida , Hape Emmanuel , Limwagu Alex , Govella Nicodem J. , Chaki Prosper , Okumu Fredros O. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The Indonesian government has put malaria as a priority disease that needs to be addressed. Lampung is one of the provinces with a high malaria incidence with Annual Paracite Incidence at 4.44 per 1000 population. The most cases occurred in Pesawaran Regency. There were 1.915 malaria cases in 2016. The highest positive case of malaria occurred in the Hanura Health Center with 1.738 cases, with the most cases being vivax malaria. The high case of malaria in the region is due to the favorable natural conditions as mosquito breeding places such as forests, lagoons and abandoned ponds. One of the biggest challenges in the treatment of malaria is the decline in the efficacy of even anti-malaria drug resistance due to low adherence in taking the drug. So this research is important to know the level of adherence to take medication in patients with vivax malaria in the work area of ​​the Hanura Health Center.Methods: This research was a descriptive analytic study with survey methods. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) questionnaire was used as the instrument. Eligible patients’who had undergone treatment with Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy and primaquine for 14 days were The subject of study. They were numbered 68 people in the working area of ​​Hanura Health Center.Results: The level of adherence to take medication in patients with vivax malaria in the working area of ​​Hanura Health Center is classified as low, namely a high compliance rate of 44.1% and a low compliance rate of 55.9%. The highest proportion of respondents with low levels of adherence were aged 25-45 years (55.3%), low education level (81.6%), working (57.9%), and having a history of malaria more than once (94, 7%).Conclusions: The level of adherence to take treatment in patients with vivax malaria in the working area of ​​Hanura Health Center is relatively low, with the highest proportion of adults, low education, work and have a history of malaria more than once.
International tuberculosis contact-tracing notifications in Germany: Analysis of national data from 2010-2018 and implications for efficiency
Authors: Glasauer Saskia , Kröger Stefan , Haas Walter , Perumal Nita 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background International contact-tracing (CT) following exposure during long-distance air travel is resource-intensive, whereas evidence for risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission during international travel is weak. In this study, we systematically analyzed the information from international requests for CT received at the national level in Germany in order to evaluate the continued utility of the current approach and to identify areas for improvement. Methods An anonymized archive of international CT notifications received by the Robert Koch Institute between 2010 and 2018 was searched for key parameters for data collection. A total of 31 parameters, such as characteristics of TB patients and their identified contacts, were extracted from each CT notification and collated into a dataset. Descriptive data analysis and trend analyses were performed to identify key characteristics of CT notifications, patients, and contacts over the years. Results 192 CT notifications, each corresponding to a single TB index case were included in the study, increasing from 12 in 2010 to 41 in 2018. The majority of notifications (N=130, 67.7%) concerned international air travel, followed by private contact (N=39, 20.3%) and work exposure (N=16, 8.3%). 159 (82.8%) patients had sputum smear results available, of which 147 (92.5%) were positive. Of 119 (62.0%) patients with drug susceptibility testing results, most (N=92, 77.3%) had pan-sensitive TB, followed by 15 (12.6%) with multi-drug resistant TB. 115 (59.9%) patients had information on infectiousness, of whom 99 (86.1%) were considered infectious during the exposure period. 7 (5.3%) patients travelled on long-distance flights despite a prior diagnosis of active TB. Of the 771 contact persons, 34 (4.4%) could not be reached for CT measures due to lack of contact information. Conclusion The high variability in completeness of information contained within the international CT requests emphasizes the need for international standards for reporting of CT information. With the large proportion of TB patients reported to have travelled while being infectious in our study, we feel that raising awareness among patients and health professionals to detect TB early and prevent international long-distance travel during the infectious disease phase should be a cornerstone strategy to safeguard against possible transmission during international travel.
EEG alpha reactivity and cholinergic system integrity in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Schumacher Julia , Thomas Alan J. , Peraza Luis R. , Firbank Michael , Cromarty Ruth , Hamilton Calum A. , Donaghy Paul C. , O’Brien John T. , Taylor John-Paul 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Lewy body dementia (LBD), which includes dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD), is characterized by marked deficits within the cholinergic system which are more severe than in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are mainly caused by degeneration of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) whose widespread cholinergic projections provide the main source of cortical cholinergic innervation. EEG alpha reactivity, which refers to the reduction in alpha power over occipital electrodes upon opening the eyes, has been suggested as a potential marker of cholinergic system integrity. Methods Eyes-open and eyes-closed resting state EEG data were recorded from 41 LBD patients, 21 patients with AD, and 41 age-matched healthy controls. Alpha reactivity was calculated as the relative reduction in alpha power over occipital electrodes when opening the eyes. Structural MRI data were used to assess volumetric changes within the NBM using a probabilistic anatomical map. Results Alpha reactivity was reduced in AD and LBD patients compared to controls with a significantly greater reduction in LBD compared to AD. Reduced alpha reactivity was associated with smaller volumes of the NBM across all groups (ρ=0.42, p FDR =0.0001) and in the PDD group specifically (ρ=0.66, p FDR =0.01). Conclusions We demonstrate that LBD patients show an impairment in alpha reactivity upon opening the eyes which distinguishes this form of dementia from AD. Furthermore, our results suggest that reduced alpha reactivity might be related to a loss of cholinergic drive from the NBM, specifically in PDD.
The association between mental health and physical fitness in Norwegian adolescents
Authors: Åvitsland Andreas , Leibinger Eva , Haugen Tommy , Lerum Øystein , Solberg Runar Barstad , Kolle Elin , Dyrstad Sindre Mikal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Studies indicate that cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body composition are associated with mental health. However, research is scarce concerning this relationship in young adolescents in general and non-existent in Norwegian populations specifically. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between different health-related aspects of physical fitness and self-reported mental health in Norwegian adolescents. Methods: Participants from four regions of Norway (n = 1486; mean age = 13.9; girls = 50.6%) completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and were measured for cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and body composition. Linear mixed effects models were conducted to assess the associations between the health-related aspects of physical fitness and the total difficulties score of the questionnaire. Results: Body composition was not associated with total difficulties score. Muscular strength independently was associated with total difficulties score, but when all independent variables were entered in the fully adjusted model, only cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with total difficulties score. School clusters were included as random effects and all models were controlled for sex, socioeconomic status and birthplace (domestic or foreign). Conclusions: A small but significant negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness and total difficulties score indicated that higher cardiorespiratory fitness predicted better mental health in Norwegian adolescents. The results suggest that muscular strength is not associated with mental health in adolescents, when controlling for cardiorespiratory fitness. Future research on how exercise affects mental health should investigate whether there is a greater effect for participants who improve their cardiorespiratory fitness.
miR-574-5p regulates milk synthesis and cell survival activities via DAG-DGKs-PA pathway in GMECs
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Zhang Meng , Guo Dan , Wang Jiangang , Cao Binyun , An Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
miRNA-regulated gene expression is momentous for mammary development and lactation performance. Prevenient work has revealed that miR-574-5p is capable of functioning on goat mammary epithelial cells, but the potential molecular mechanism remains to be further understood. According to transcriptome sequencing results, we focused on DGKI and DGKH, which both were down-regulated differentially expressed unigenes by miR-574-5p. miR-574-5p objected seed sequences of the DGKI 3’UTR and interdicted mRNA and protein levels of DGKI and DGKH, correspondingly. It’s known that diacylglycerol kinases phosphorylate diacylglycerol to produce phosphatidic acid then regulate a range of biological processes. Detection kits showed that DGKI and DGKH induced diglycerides conversion to phosphatidic acid, and DGKI facilitated triglycerides and β-casein production while DGKH only acted as a promoter of triglycerides. DGKI inhibited cell apoptosis and induced cell proliferation, and co-expression of miR-574-5p with DGKI proved an adiaphorous impact. However, DGKH had an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on GMECs. Additionally, DGKI motivated both AKT-mTOR and Raf-1-ERK pathways while DGKH showed negative impacts on AKT-mTOR, Raf-1-ERK and IKK-NFKB pathways in GMECs. It suggested that miR-574-5p not only inactivated PA-mTOR pathway and contributed to degressive secretion of triglycerides and β-casein via depletion of DGKI, but also arrested cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis by inhibiting DGKI-PA-ERK pathway. All these established a farther regulatory mechanism of miR-574-5p in milk synthesis and mammary development.
Serious Infections in People with Scleroderma: A National U.S. Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder , Cleveland John D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective: To study incidence, time-trends and outcomes of serious infections in scleroderma.
Methods: We used the 1998-2016 U.S. National Inpatient Sample data. We examined the epidemiology, time-trends and outcomes of five serious infections (opportunistic infections (OI), skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia, and sepsis/bacteremia) in hospitalized people with scleroderma. We performed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses to analyze independent association of factors with healthcare utilization (hospital charges, length of hospital stay, discharge to non-home setting), and in-hospital mortality.
Results: There were 49,904,955 hospitalizations with serious infections in people without scleroderma and 61,615 in those with scleroderma. During 1998-2016, the most common serious infections in scleroderma were pneumonia (45%), sepsis (32%), SSTI (19%), UTI (3%) and OI (3%). In 2013-14, sepsis surpassed pneumonia as the most common serious infection; by 2015-16, sepsis was 1.8-times more common than pneumonia. Over the study period, hospital charges increased, while length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality decreased, overall and for each serious infection. Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that sepsis, age ≥80 years and Deyo-Charlson score ≥2 were associated with significantly higher odds of healthcare utilization and in-hospital mortality; and Medicare or Medicaid insurance payer, Northeast location, urban teaching or non-teaching hospital, and medium or large hospital bed size with significantly higher odds of healthcare utilization.
Conclusions: Outcomes in people with scleroderma hospitalized with serious infections have improved over time, except higher hospital charges. Identification of factors associated with higher healthcare utilization and in-hospital mortality allows for developing interventions to improve outcomes.
Transplantable and functional retinal pigment epithelium derived from non-colony-type monolayer of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Guo Xiaoling , Zhu Deliang , Lian Ruiling , Zeng Qiaolang , Mathew Sanjana , Tang Shibo , Chen Jiansu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) exhibit great promise in treating retinal degenerative diseases. To develop transplantable and functional hiPSC-RPE cells, here, we used a novel differentiation protocol based on a non-colony-type monolayer (NCM) culture and injectable spheroids. Methods The derived hiPSC-RPE cells were identified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence assay, Western blotting, and flow cytometry assay. The functions of transplantable hiPSC-RPE cells in vitro and in vivo were also analyzed by fluorescein leakage test, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, atomic force microscopy observation, POS phagocytosis assay, frozen tissue sections, live/dead assay, SA-β-Gal activity assay, and immunocytochemistry. Results The derived hiPSC-RPE cells positively expressed biomarkers of RPE cells but not iPSCs, such as CRALBP (97.4%), EMMPRIN (93.8%), Oct4 (2.1%), and Sox2 (2.0%). hiPSC-RPE cells displayed RPE-like characteristics including barrier function, phagocytic activity, and polarized membrane. hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids positively expressed Nestin and exhibited reduced SA-β-Gal staining. Injectable hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids could form monolayers on decellularized corneal matrixes (DCM). After subretinal transplantation for one month, hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids could survive and maintain segmental sheet growth in RPE-degenerated chinchilla rabbits. Conclusion This study realized that NCM dissociated hiPSCs were effectively differentiated into transplantable and functional RPE through the sequential addition of defined factors but not involving exogenous genes. This study may lay the foundation for the clinical transplantation of hiPSC-RPE cell spheroids as therapy for RPE degenerative diseases in the future.
Endogenous Endophthalmitis: Yield of the Diagnostic Evaluation
Authors: Regan Kathleen A , Radhakrishnan Nila S , Hammer Jon D , Wilson Benjamin D , Gadkowski Lara , I Siva SR 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : Endogenous endophthalmitis is an infection of the eye secondary to sepsis, occurring in 0.04-0.5% of bacteremia or fungemia. Risk factors include intravenous drug abuse (IVDA), diabetes, indwelling catheters, and immune suppression. Many patients have known or suspected bacteremia or fungemia; however, culture yield is reported to be low (approximately 50%). Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with endogenous endophthalmitis at the University of Florida from June 2011 to February 2018. Results: Included are 40 eyes of 35 patients. Endophthalmitis was secondary to an endogenous source in 23.5% of all endophthalmitis cases observed. Intraocular culture positivity was 28.6% overall but was 0% after initiation of systemic antibiotics. Most commonly identified organisms from the eye were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Candida . Blood culture positivity was 48.6%, most commonly Staphylococcus . IVDA was noted with increasing frequency as a risk factor. Diagnosis of endophthalmitis upon hospital admission was associated with a higher intraocular culture positivity (P = 0.040) and a shorter hospital stay (P = 0.035). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were the highest yield imaging modalities; X-ray and non-ocular ultrasound were less diagnostically useful. Echocardiogram was positive by transesophageal route (TEE) in 22% and in 9% by transthoracic (TTE) testing. Following discharge from the hospital, 48.4% of patients failed to follow up with outpatient ophthalmology. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the interdisciplinary team should consider directed imaging, eye cultures prior to antimicrobial administration, thorough history for IVDA, and caution with premature discharge from the hospital.
The ubiquitin-proteasome activity of macrophages involved in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Wan Jing , Li Ya , Zhang Wei , Ma Yulin , Lin Mingying , Zhao Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Macrophages have been demonstrated to promote the rupture of the atherosclerotic lesion, a primary cause of ischemic events, by modulating the formation of plaque necrosis. We aimed to search the key factors of genetic macrophages in concerns of carotid ruptured plaques.Methods The database of the gene expressed GSE41571 is retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to differentially obtain the measured expression genes (DEGs) by tendering the tool usage of GEO2R. The enriched pathways of ontology at DEGs performances with DAVID interacted the constructions of protein to protein networking by the analysis of STRING and Cytoscape software. And also the identified PPI networks in the significance of hub genes module plugged into respective Cytohubba and MCODE Cytoscape.Result A total of 1481 DEGs in macrophages from ruptured and stable carotid atherosclerotic plaques are noticed, by including 568 up-regulation genes and 913 down-regulation genes. The analyzed GO shows a DEGs are mainly involved in protein ubiquitination, endocytosis, mRNA processing, and mitotic cell cycle. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that some major protein catabolism pathways, including the ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy, and endocytosis systems, play key roles in the progressive carotid plaque clotting. The genes of the hub in the PPI network included POLR2E , PPP2R1A , HSP90AA1 , and CBL . The modules were mainly associated with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, endocytosis, spliceosome, proteasome.Conclusion Our findings offer novel molecular insights into the mechanisms by which macrophages drive formation and vulnerability of plaques. The candidate DEGs and potential biological pathways might be used as diagnostic targets, and facilitate the development of novel macrophage-targeting therapies for unstable atherosclerosis.
Comparison of endotracheal intubation learning curves with tracheoscopic ventilation tube for simulated difficult intubation between expert and novice anesthesiologists.
Authors: Kim Heezoo , Lee Dong Kyu , Lee Choong Hun , Gong Myung-Hoon , Oh Jung Suk 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Tracheoscopic ventilation tube (TVT) is a specially designed single-lumen endotracheal tube with a camera. It was developed to facilitate endobronchial blocker insertion without bronchoscopy; its ability to explore anatomy received attention for difficult intubations. To clarify the feasibility of TVT in difficult intubation, we evaluated the learning curves of intubation between novice and expert.

Methods: 182 patients who presented as Cormack-Lehane (CL) grade IIb and III with cervical in-line stabilization, and 4 trainees (2 novices, 2 experts) at single tertiary care teaching university hospital. All trainees performed intubation with TVT during laryngoscopy. Intubation attempts were limited to two times, each within 30 seconds. For every attempt, trainees visualized an imaginary pathway from the teeth to vocal cords and then shaped the stylet. Intubation was confirmed by three successive ETCO 2 measurements > 30 mmHg. Using CUSUM analysis, the trial was continued until every trainee reached an acceptable failure rate.

Results: Patients were constituted with 94.5% CL grade IIb and 5.5% grade III. The median number of acceptable performances (10% of the acceptable failure rate) was 36. Overall failure rate was 5.5% (95%CI: 2.2-8.8%), with 6.9% (95%CI: 2.0-11.8%) for novices and 3.7% (95%CI: 0.0-7.8%, P=0.165, Cohen’s h=0.14) for experts. Intubation time was longer in novices by about 3 seconds compared to experts (mean difference=2.8, 95%CI: 1.3-4.3, P<0.001, Cohen's d=0.57).

Conclusions: Intubation with TVT in CL grades IIb and III was easy to learn and could be an alternative for difficult intubation. It required small cases to reach acceptable performance, and provided a short learning period even for novice anesthesiologists, with failure rates similar to those of experienced anesthesiologists.