bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances of nanomaterial applications in oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration and disease treatment
Authors: Ding Qinfeng , Cui Jinjie , Shen Hangqi , He Chuanglong , Wang Xudong , Shen Steve G. F. , Lin Kaili 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing bioactive nanomaterials in clinical treatment has been widely aroused. Nanomaterials provide substantial improvements in the prevention and treatment of oral and maxillofacial diseases. This review aims to discuss new progresses in nanomaterials applied to oral and maxillofacial tissue regeneration and disease treatment, focusing on the use of nanomaterials in improving the quality of oral and maxillofacial healthcare, and discuss the perspectives of research in this arena. Details are provided on the tissue regeneration, wound healing, angiogenesis, remineralization, antitumor, and antibacterial regulation properties of nanomaterials including polymers, micelles, dendrimers, liposomes, nanocapsules, nanoparticles and nanostructured scaffolds, etc. Clinical applications of nanomaterials as nanocomposites, dental implants, mouthwashes, biomimetic dental materials, and factors that may interact with nanomaterials behaviors and bioactivities in oral cavity are addressed as well. In the last section, the clinical safety concerns of their usage as dental materials are updated, and the key knowledge gaps for future research with some recommendation are discussed.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Piezoaeroelastic system on the basis of a double aerodynamic pendulum
Authors: Selyutskiy Yury D. , Holub Andrei P. , Lin Ching‐Huei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring last decades, possibilities to use piezoelectric generators to harvest energy from the flow‐induced vibrations of different structures are intensively studied. In particular, various wind power harvesters based on fluttering oscillations of wing sections are proposed. In this work, an electromechanical system is considered that consists of a double aerodynamic pendulum connected with a piezoelectric element in such a way that rotation of the first link of the pendulum results in deformation of the piezoelement. The element is connected to a load resistance. Stability of the trivial equilibrium is analyzed, and conditions for stability loss are discussed. It is shown, in particular, that it is possible to choose parameters of the system in such a way that the trivial equilibrium (where both links of the pendulum are oriented along the incoming flow) is unstable when the wind speed belongs to a certain finite range of values, and asymptotically stable outside this range. Periodic solutions of the system are studied numerically depending on the wind speed and the moment of inertia of the second pendulum link. The effect of disappearance of limit cycles in the range of large wind speeds is demonstrated.
Cell signaling pathways in autosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD): the intriguing role of the astrocytes
Authors: Ratti Stefano , Rusciano Isabella , Mongiorgi Sara , Owusu Obeng Eric , Cappellini Alessandra , Teti Gabriella , Falconi Mirella , Talozzi Lia , Capellari Sabina , Bartoletti-Stella Anna , Guaraldi Pietro , Cortelli Pietro , Suh Pann-Ghill , Cocco Lucio , Manzoli Lucia , Ramazzotti Giulia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutosomal-dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) is a rare fatal neurodegenerative disorder with overexpression of the nuclear lamina component, Lamin B1 due to LMNB1 gene duplication or deletions upstream of the gene. The molecular mechanisms responsible for driving the onset and development of this pathology are not clear yet. Vacuolar demyelination seems to be one of the most significant histopathological observations of ADLD. Considering the role of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-activated signaling pathways in the myelination processes, this work aims to analyze the specific alterations in different cell populations from patients with LMNB1 duplications and engineered cellular models overexpressing Lamin B1 protein. Our results point out, for the first time, that astrocytes may be pivotal in the evolution of the disease. Indeed, cells from ADLD patients and astrocytes overexpressing LMNB1 show severe ultrastructural nuclear alterations, not present in oligodendrocytes overexpressing LMNB1. Moreover, the accumulation of Lamin B1 in astrocytes induces a reduction in LIF and in LIF-Receptor (LIF-R) levels with a consequential decrease in LIF secretion. Therefore, in both our cellular models, Jak/Stat3 and PI3K/Akt axes, downstream of LIF/LIF-R, are downregulated. Significantly, the administration of exogenous LIF can partially reverse the toxic effects induced by Lamin B1 accumulation with differences between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, highlighting that LMNB1 overexpression drastically affects astrocytic function reducing their fundamental support to oligodendrocytes in the myelination process. In addition, inflammation has also been investigated, showing an increased activation in ADLD patients’ cells.
Monoklonale Antikörper zur antiinfektiven Therapie
Authors: Klug Bettina , Schnierle Barbara , Trebesch Isabel 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Jahrhundert lang wurde die Serumtherapie von Seren tierischen Ursprungs und Hyperimmunglobulinen dominiert. Obwohl seit Ende der Achtzigerjahre des letzten Jahrhunderts zahlreiche monoklonale Antikörper (MAB) insbesondere zur Behandlung von immunologischen und onkologischen Erkrankungen entwickelt wurden, sollte es noch 20 Jahre bis zur Zulassung des ersten antiinfektiven MAB in der Europäischen Union dauern. In den folgenden 2 Dekaden kamen nur 2 weitere antiinfektive MAB hinzu. Interessanterweise werden zurzeit zur Bekämpfung der COVID-19-Pandemie zahlreiche MAB, die insbesondere in immunologischer Indikation zugelassen sind, zur Behandlung der Folgen der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, wie Pneumonie oder Hyperimmunreaktion, eingesetzt.Im Folgenden werden die zugelassenen monoklonalen Antikörper zur Behandlung von Infektionskrankheiten vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus wird eine Übersicht über die aktuellen Entwicklungen, insbesondere bei der Therapie der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion, gegeben.
Wie oft braucht es eine Thoraxdrainageneinlage beim Thoraxtrauma des schwerer Verletzten – und wann mehr?
Authors: Walkner Stephanie , Amsler Felix , Gross Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Im Hinblick auf den Ressourcen- und Ausbildungsbedarf eines Schweizer Traumazentrums wollten wir wissen, wie häufig in der Schwerverletztenversorgung relevante Thoraxverletzungen auftreten und wie oft eine thoraxchirurgische Spezialversorgung notwendig ist.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Analyse aller von 2010 bis 2017 notfallmäßig mit einem Mindesttrauma-NISS (New Injury Severity Score) ≥8 betreuten Patienten bez. relevanter Thoraxverletzung (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] Thorax [ohne Brustwirbelverletzungen] ≥2).

Ergebnisse
In der 7‑jährigen Beobachtungsperiode wurden 2839 Verletzte mit einem NISS ≥8 notfallmäßig behandelt. Davon erlitten 791 Patienten (27,9 %) eine relevante Thoraxverletzung. Von diesen bedurften 27,1 % (n = 215) eines Thoraxeingriffes, der in 86,5 % (n = 186) allein einer Thoraxdrainage und in 13,5 % (n = 29) einem weitergehenden Eingriff entsprach. Bei 19 der Thoraxverletzten musste darüber hinaus ein Thoraxchirurg gerufen werden, davon 4‑mal sofort und 4‑mal innerhalb von 24 h. Die in unserem Haus im Mittel 30 notfallmäßigen Thoraxdrainageneinlagen pro Jahr ermöglichten 1 bis 2 Eingriffe pro in Ausbildung stehendem Chirurg.

Diskussion
Im Beobachtungszeitraum benötigten nur 1 % aller relevant Thoraxverletzten eine über eine Pleuradrainage hinausgehende, notfallmäßige thoraxchirurgische Versorgung. Aufgrund dieser geringen Rate erscheint aus Effizienz- wie Kostengründen ein thoraxchirurgischer Präsenzdienst an einem derartigen Traumazentrum nicht angezeigt. Die Fähigkeit der Thoraxdrainageneinlage muss allerdings in der chirurgischen Ausbildung entsprechend vermittelt werden. Die gemäß Facharztausbildungskatalogen notwendigen Mindesteingriffszahlen sollten angesichts der erhobenen Fallzahlen gut erfüllbar sein.
Quantification of liver function using gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI
Authors: Poetter-Lang Sarah , Bastati Nina , Messner Alina , Kristic Antonia , Herold Alexander , Hodge Jacqueline C. , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe introduction of hepatobiliary contrast agents, most notably gadoxetic acid (GA), has expanded the role of MRI, allowing not only a morphologic but also a functional evaluation of the hepatobiliary system. The mechanism of uptake and excretion of gadoxetic acid via transporters, such as organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP1,3), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and MRP3, has been elucidated in the literature. Furthermore, GA uptake can be estimated on either static images or on dynamic imaging, for example, the hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) and liver perfusion. GA-enhanced MRI has achieved an important role in evaluating morphology and function in chronic liver diseases (CLD), allowing to distinguish between the two subgroups of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and help to stage fibrosis and cirrhosis, predict liver transplant graft survival, and preoperatively evaluate the risk of liver failure if major resection is planned. Finally, because of its noninvasive nature, GA-enhanced MRI can be used for long-term follow-up and post-treatment monitoring. This review article aims to describe the current role of GA-enhanced MRI in quantifying liver function in a variety of hepatobiliary disorders.
Geometry of Sleeve Gastrectomy Measured by 3D CT Versus Weight Loss: Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Yamaguchi Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Tomozawa Yuki , Ugi Satoshi , Kaida Sachiko , Miyake Toru , Morino Katsutaro , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Maegawa Hiroshi , Tani Masaji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe size of the remnant stomach with respect to weight loss failure after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the actual size and volume of the remnant stomach, as measured by three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT) volumetry, on weight loss after LSG.
MethodsThe clinical outcomes of 52 patients who underwent LSG between October 2008 and February 2019 were assessed. Weight metrics were recorded at 1, 3, and 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. 3D‐CT volumetry was performed 1 year postoperatively, and the total remnant stomach volume (TSV), proximal stomach volume (PSV), antral stomach volume (ASV), and the distance between the pylorus and the distal edge of staple line (DPS) were measured. The relationship between the weight metrics and aforementioned factors was analyzed.ResultsOf the 52 patients who underwent LSG, 40 patients participated in this study. The average body mass index preoperatively was 38.3 ± 5.1 kg/m2, and the average percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) 1 year after LSG was 26.6 ± 9.3%. The average TSV, PSV, ASV, and DPS were 123.2 ± 60.3 ml, 73.4 ± 37.2 ml, 49.8 ± 30.3 ml, and 59.9 ± 18.5 mm, respectively. The DPS (r = − 0.394, p = 0.012) and ASV (r = − 0.356, p = 0.024) were correlated with %TWL 1 year postoperatively.ConclusionsThe actual DPS and ASV measured by 3D‐CT affected weight loss after LSG. 3D‐CT may be useful for the immediate identification of factors affecting insufficient weight loss in patients; this may, in turn, aid in the implementation of early intervention treatments.
Improving effectiveness of spare parts supply by additive manufacturing as dual sourcing option
Authors: Knofius N. , van der Heijden M. C. , Sleptchenko A. , Zijm W. H. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe low-volume spare parts business is often identified as a potential beneficiary of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. Currently, high AM unit costs or low AM part reliabilities deem the application of AM economical inferior to conventional manufacturing (CM) methods in most cases. In this paper, we investigate the potential to overcome these deficiencies by combining AM and CM methods. For that purpose, we develop an approach that is tailored toward the unique characteristics of dual sourcing with two production methods. Opposed to the traditional dual sourcing literature, we consider the different failure behavior of parts produced by AM and CM methods. Using numerical experiments and a case study in the aviation industry, we explore under which conditions dual sourcing with AM performs best. Single sourcing with AM methods typically leads to higher purchasing and maintenance costs while single sourcing with CM methods increases backorder and holding costs. Savings of more than 30% compared to the best single sourcing option are possible even if the reliability or unit costs of a part sourced with AM are three times worse than for a CM part. In conclusion, dual sourcing methods may play an important role to exploit the benefits of AM methods while avoiding its drawbacks in the low-volume spare parts business.
Association between per capita sugar consumption and diabetes prevalence mediated by the body mass index: results of a global mediation analysis
Authors: Lang Alexander , Kuss Oliver , Filla Tim , Schlesinger Sabrina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the mediation of body mass index (BMI) on the association between per capita sugar consumption and diabetes prevalence using country-related data.

Research design and methods
In this ecological study, based on 192 countries, data on per capita sugar consumption were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), on BMI from the World Health Organization and on diabetes prevalence from the International Diabetes Federation. Data on demography and economic factors were obtained from the Central Intelligence Agency, the United Nations and the FAO. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between per capita sugar consumption and diabetes prevalence, and mediation analysis to detect the mediated percentage of BMI on this association.

Results
Each increase of 100 kcal/day per capita sugar consumption was associated with a 1.62% higher diabetes prevalence [adjusted β-estimator (95% CI): 1.62 (0.71, 2.53)]. Mediation analysis using BMI as the mediator demonstrated an adjusted direct association of 0.55 (95% CI: − 0.22, 1.32) and an adjusted indirect association of 1.07 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.68). Accordingly, the BMI explained 66% (95% CI: 34%, 100%) of the association between per capita sugar consumption on diabetes prevalence.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that the association between dietary sugar intake and the occurrence of diabetes is mediated by BMI to a large proportion. However, it seems that other mechanisms may explain the association between sugar consumption and development of type 2 diabetes.
The expression of miRNA encoded by C19MC and miR-371-3 strongly varies among individual placentas but does not differ between spontaneous and induced abortions
Authors: Gottlieb Andrea , Flor Inga , Nimzyk Rolf , Burchardt Lars , Helmke Burkhard , Langenbuch Marc , Spiekermann Meike , Feidicker Susanne , Bullerdiek Jörn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractmiRNAs of the largest human miRNA gene cluster at all, i.e., C19MC, are almost exclusively expressed in the placenta. Nevertheless, only little is known about the interindividual variation of their expression and even about possible influence of gestational age, conflicting data is reported as well as for miRNAs of the much smaller miR-371-3 cluster. Our present study aims at the analyses of the expression of miRNAs from both clusters at different times of pregnancy, possible differences between placenta samples obtained from spontaneous or induced abortions in the first trimester, and the possible variation of miRNA expression at different sites within same placentas. miR-371a-3p, miR-372-3p, miR-373-3p, miR-517a-3p, and miR-520c-3p were quantified in 85 samples and miR-371a-3p was quantified in maternal serum samples taken immediately before delivery. While for miRNA-517a-3p and miR-520c-3p the expression increased with increasing gestational age, the present study revealed strong interindividual differences in the expression of miR-371-3 in full-term placental tissue as well as for miRNAs of the C19MC cluster, where the levels differed to a much lesser extent than for the former microRNAs. Also, strong interindividual differences were noted between the serum samples but differences related to the site of the placenta where the sample has been taken from were excluded. For neither of the data from placental tissue, the study revealed differences between the spontaneous and induced abortion group. Thus, the differences do not in general seem to be related to first trimester abortion. It remains to be elucidated whether or not they affect other prenatal processes.
Effect of delayed entry on performance of the BACT/ALERT FAN PLUS bottles in the BACT/ALERT VIRTUO blood culture system
Authors: Adamik Mary , Hutchins Anne , Mangilit Jasmin , Katzin Betsy , Totty Heather , Deol Parampal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDelayed entry of patient blood culture samples into a microbial detection system is unavoidable at times, due to off-shift staffing or transporting samples to centralized laboratories. Pre-incubation time and temperature of blood culture bottles are the most critical factors impacting recovery and detection of microorganisms. A total of 1377 BACT/ALERT® (BTA) Fastidious Antimicrobial Neutralization (FAN® PLUS) bottles (FA PLUS, FN PLUS, and PF PLUS) were tested after delayed entry times of 24 and 36 h at 20–25 °C (room temperature, RT) prior to loading into the BACT/ALERT® VIRTUO® microbial detection system (VIRTUO). Clinically relevant organisms were inoculated into bottles with 5–84 colony forming units (CFU) per bottle, and human blood (0 to 10 mL), and then loaded into the VIRTUO. When bottles were loaded without delay, a mean time to detection (TTD) of 9.6 h was observed. For delayed bottles, the TTD reported by the VIRTUO was added to the 24-h and 36-h delay times and resulted in average time to results of 32.5 h and 42.5 h, respectively. The FAN PLUS bottles in conjunction with the VIRTUO produced acceptable results when delays up to 24 h at 20–25 °C occur in loading.
Impact of combination MMRV vaccine on first-dose coverage for measles and varicella: a population-based study
Authors: MacDonald Shannon E. , Tough Suzanne , Guo Xiaoyan , Kellner James D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim
Combination vaccines decrease the number of needles required, addressing a common concern of parents. However, some parents are hesitant about combination vaccines and/or want to opt out of certain vaccine components. This study assessed whether introduction of the combination MMRV vaccine influenced coverage levels for measles- and varicella-containing vaccines.

Study and methods
This was a population-based study of children born in Alberta, Canada between 2006 and 2012. We utilized administrative health data to evaluate coverage for the first dose of measles- and varicella-containing vaccines at the age of 24 months (i.e. between 2008 and 2014) before and after introduction of the combination MMRV vaccine in 2010. Among those who were vaccinated, we assessed whether any children continued to receive separate vaccines after the combination vaccine was introduced.

Results
Of 308,212 children, 272,345 (88.36%) were vaccinated with measles- and/or varicella-containing vaccines at the age of 24 months. Although coverage for measles-containing vaccines did not change overall between 2008 and 2014, coverage for varicella vaccine increased in the years following the introduction of MMRV. After the combination vaccine introduction, 96.55% of vaccinated children (n = 121,131) received MMRV vaccine.

Conclusion
Vaccine coverage for varicella increased after the introduction of the combination MMRV vaccine, and there was a narrowing in the gap between MMR and varicella coverage. Very few children received separate vaccines after the introduction of the combination MMRV vaccine. These findings suggest that combination vaccines are acceptable to most parents and increase coverage for varicella in our setting.
Softwood kraft pulp fines: application and impact on specific refining energy and strength properties
Authors: Mandlez Daniel , Zangl-Jagiello Lukas , Eckhart Rene , Bauer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlong with the emergence of micro and nanofibrillated celluloses and their application in papermaking, the influence of the so called fines fraction of pulps on both process and product properties has received increasing research interest in recent years. Several researchers have experimented with primary and/or secondary pulp fines to assess their effects on paper properties with not always consistent results. Our work focuses on the targeted application of the primary fines fraction of an unbleached softwood kraft pulp. The primary fines are separated from the pulp to be subsequently added to achieve blends of$$5\%, 9\%$$5%,9%and$$12\%$$12%primary fines content. These blends were then refined in a PFI mill to evaluate the effect of the primary fines on refining as well as on paper properties of hand sheets prepared from these pulps. It is shown that the addition of primary fines enhances tensile strength in the unrefined and slightly refined state, while the maximum tensile strength of the highly refined reference pulp is not increased. A slightly increased dewatering resistance (Schopper Riegler) at comparable air permeability (Gurley) for a given tensile strength was also observed. The linear relationship between tensile index and apparent sheet density seems to be affected in the unrefined and slightly refined state where the breaking length of the fines enriched samples is higher for a given apparent density.
Global and cross-country analysis of exposure of vulnerable populations to heatwaves from 1980 to 2018
Authors: Chambers Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeatwaves have become more frequent and intense due to anthropogenic global warming and have serious and potentially life-threatening impacts on human health, particularly for people over 65 years old. While a range of studies examine heatwave exposures, few cover the whole globe and very few cover key areas in Africa, South America, and East Asia. By using global gridded climate reanalysis, population, and demographic data, this work analyses trends in change in exposure of vulnerable populations to heatwaves, providing global and per-country aggregate statistics. The difference between the global mean of heatwave indexes and the mean weighted by vulnerable population found that these populations are experiencing up to five times the number of heatwave days relative to the global average. The total exposures, measured in person-days of heatwave, highlight the combined effect of increased heatwaves and aging populations. In China and India, heatwave exposure increased by an average of 508 million person-days per year in the last decade. Mapping of changes per country highlighted significant exposure increases, particularly in the Middle East and in South East Asia. Major disparities were found between the heatwave exposures, country income group, and country health system capacity, thus highlighting the significant inequalities in global warming impacts and response capacities with respect to health across countries. It is therefore of prime importance that health development and response are coordinated with climate change mitigation and adaptation work.