bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory effect of lithium on hippocampal blood‐brain barrier integrity in a rat model of depressive‐like behavior
Authors: Taler Michal , Aronovich Ramona , Henry Hornfeld Shay , Dar Shira , Sasson Efrat , Weizman Abraham , Hochman Eldar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesRecent evidence has associated mood disorders with blood‐brain barrier (BBB)/ neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction, and reduction in blood vessels coverage by the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) immunoreactive astrocytes. Lithium is an established treatment for mood disorders, yet, its mechanism of action is partially understood. We investigated the effects of lithium on BBB integrity and NVU‐related protein expression in chronic mild stress (CMS) rat model of depressive‐like behavior.MethodsMale Wistar rats were exposed for 5 weeks to unpredictable mild stressors with daily co‐administration of lithium chloride to half of the stressed and unstressed groups. Sucrose preference and open field tests were conducted to validate the depressive‐like phenotype, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI analysis was utilized to assess BBB integrity in brain regions relevant to the pathophysiology of depression. Hippocampal AQP4 and claudin‐5 expression were studied using immunofluorescence, western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.ResultsLithium administration to the stressed rats prevented the reductions in sucrose preference and distance traveled in the open field, and normalized the stress‐induced hippocampal BBB hyperpermeability, whereas lithium administration to the unstressed rats increased hippocampal BBB permeability. Additionally, lithium treatment attenuated the decrease in hippocampal AQP4 to glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity ratio in the stressed rats and upregulated hippocampal claudin‐5 and BDNF proteins expression.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that lithium administration in a rat CMS model of depressive‐like behavior is associated with attenuation of stressed‐induced hippocampal BBB/NVU disruption. These protective effects may be relevant to the mode of action of lithium in depression.
Early‐onset nucleotide excision repair disorders with neurological impairment: Clues for early diagnosis and prognostic counseling
Authors: Baer Sarah , Obringer Cathy , Julia Sophie , Chelly Jameleddine , Capri Yline , Gras Domitille , Baujat Geneviève , Felix Têmis Maria , Doray Berenice , Sanchez del Pozo Jaime , Ramos Lina M. , Burglen Lydie , Laugel Vincent , Calmels Nadège 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNucleotide excision repair associated diseases comprise overlapping phenotypes and a wide range of outcomes. The early stages still remain under‐investigated and underdiagnosed, even although an early recognition of the first symptoms is of utmost importance for appropriate care and genetic counseling. We systematically collected clinical and molecular data from the literature and from newly diagnosed NER patients with neurological impairment, presenting clinical symptoms before the age of 12 months, including foetal cases. One hundred and eighty‐five patients were included, 13 with specific symptoms during foetal life. Arthrogryposis, microcephaly, cataracts, and skin anomalies are the most frequently reported signs in early subtypes. Non ERCC6/CSB or ERCC8/CSA genes are overrepresented compared to later onset cohorts: 19% patients of this cohort presented variants in ERCC1, ERCC2/XPD, ERCC3/XPB or ERCC5/XPG. ERCC5/XPG is even the most frequently involved gene in foetal cases (10/13 cases, [4/7 families]). In this cohort, the mutated gene, the age of onset, the type of disease, severe global developmental delay, IUGR and skin anomalies were associated with earlier death. This large survey focuses on specific symptoms that should attract the attention of clinicians towards early‐onset NER diagnosis in foetal and neonatal period, without waiting for the completeness of classical criteria.
Efficient signal selection using supervised learning model for enhanced state restoration
Authors: Rajendran Agalya , Rajappa Muthaiah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe post‐silicon validation and debug is the most important task in the contemporary integrated circuit design methodology. The vital problem prevailing in this system is that it has limited observability and controllability due to the minimum number of storage space in the trace buffer. This tends to select the signals prudently in order to maximize state reconstruction. In the reported works, to select and to restore the signals efficiently it is categorized into two types like low simulation with high‐quality technique and high simulation with low‐quality technique. In this work, a node‐based combinational gate signal selection algorithm is proposed based on machine learning method that maximizes the state restoration capability. A significant improvement (80%) has made to achieve adequate simulation time with the high‐quality associated with the state‐of‐the‐art of supplementary methods.
Calcareous defence structures of prey mediate the effects of predation and biotic resistance towards the tropics
Authors: Dias Gustavo M. , Vieira Edson A. , Pestana Lueji , Marques Antonio C. , Karythis Simon , Jenkins Stuart R. , Griffith Katherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe importance of biotic interactions in creating and maintaining diversity is expected to increase towards low latitudes. However, the way in which predation affects diversity can depend on how predators mediate competitive interactions and also on defensive traits of prey. Here, we assessed the role of physical defences of prey to escape predation and how the importance of predation on community structure and diversity changes across latitude.LocationSix sites, in three regions distributed across 45 degrees of latitude in the Atlantic Ocean: a tropical region in Angola, a subtropical region in Brazil and a temperate region in Wales, UK.MethodsWe manipulated predation on marine sessile communities, using exclusion cages and assessed community parameters, including their susceptibility to biological invasion during early and advanced succession.ResultsPredation was more intense in the tropics and in advanced communities suggesting that predation effects increase through time. In the tropical region, predators reduced the number of co‐occurring species and beta diversity, limited the occurrence of exotic species and promoted a change in the identity of the dominant organisms, replacing soft‐bodied organisms with calcified animals. In the subtropical region, predation promoted a similar trait‐mediated change in the identity of dominant prey, although it was not strong enough to affect diversity and did not prevent bioinvasion. In the temperate region, other processes than predation seem to drive the community organization and resistance to invasion.Main conclusionsOur results support both Biotic Interaction and Biotic Resistance Hypotheses, showing that the importance of predation to biodiversity increases towards the tropics. In addition, where predation is intense, morphological traits of prey drive the final structure and dominance in the community. Our results suggest that physical defences are the main traits preventing predation, perhaps explaining why calcified organisms are among the most common invasive species in coastal habitats.
Evolution of diagnostic workup and treatment for multiple myeloma 2013‐2019
Authors: Schjesvold Fredrik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate changes in diagnostic and therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma among Norwegian hematologists in the current decade.MethodsThis nationwide study in Norway is based on results of surveys conducted among professionally active hematologists from 2013 to 2019. Every year, respondents participating in the survey suggested treatment regimens used in typical clinical situations in patients with multiple myeloma, as well as diagnostic routines.ResultsThe use of regimens containing alkylators and thalidomide was common at the beginning of the studied period. Later, lenalidomide became the most preferred treatment in most first‐line patients. Bortezomib maintained a stable position in the treatment of myeloma in patients with renal insufficiency. The lenalidomide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone combination became the preferred frontline triplet for transplant‐ineligible patients and induction therapy before transplant. Nowadays, the relapse after lenalidomide‐based treatment is managed using both bortezomib‐based therapies and combinations with the newest agents. Together with the therapeutic landscape, the use of diagnostic criteria and workup as well as supportive care changed in the period influenced by local and international guidelines and recommendations.ConclusionNorwegian hematologists gradually adopt new clinical concepts, guidelines, and recommendations in their practice.
Wet sieving versus dry crushing: Soil microaggregates reveal different physical structure, bacterial diversity and organic matter composition in a clay gradient
Authors: Felde Vincent J.M.N.L. , Schweizer Steffen A. , Biesgen Danh , Ulbrich Angela , Uteau Daniel , Knief Claudia , Graf‐Rosenfellner Markus , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid , Peth Stephan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoil microaggregates contain particles of different sizes, which may affect their potential to store organic carbon (OC). A variety of methods can be used to isolate microaggregates from the larger soil structures, among which wet sieving approaches are widely employed. We developed a novel dry crushing method that isolates microaggregates along failure planes due to mechanical stresses rather than hydraulic pressures and compared the mechanical stability, OC contents and microbial community composition between dry‐crushed and wet‐sieved samples with contrasting clay contents. Dry‐crushed samples exhibited a higher stability and bacterial diversity compared to wet‐sieved samples. As a result, the dry‐crushed microaggregates had different size distributions when analysed dry and after wetting. In the dry state, dry‐crushed microaggregates were larger and contained more sand‐sized primary particles within the aggregate structures. The wetting of dry‐crushed aggregates caused a disintegration of larger microaggregates and sand‐sized primary particles into smaller microaggregates that contained finer particles. In the soils with lower clay contents, the diameter of dry‐crushed microaggregates was 40 μm larger due to more sand‐sized primary particles remaining within the aggregates. Depending on how much volume in microaggregates is occupied by large primary particles, the OC concentration increased in the soil with higher clay content. Wet‐sieved size fractions also showed a similar pattern of OC distribution, whereas more primary particles were observed outside of aggregates. Wet sieving approaches disperse the soil into OC‐rich aggregates and might be preferable if OC dynamics are investigated. Differences in bacterial community composition in dependence on clay content were more pronounced in dry‐crushed microaggregates. If intact aggregate architectures are of interest for the isolation of soil structural units, the presented dry crushing method might provide an advantageous alternative that also better preserves bacterial diversity.
Socioeconomic inequalities and severe obesity—Sex differences in a nationwide study of 1.12 million Israeli adolescents
Authors: Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Reichman Brian , Afek Arnon , Derazne Estela , Tzur Dorit , Hamiel Uri , Bader Tarif , Muhsen Khitam , Twig Gilad 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIntroductionIn a nationwide population of adolescents, we investigated the sex‐specific association of socioeconomic position (SEP) with severe obesity, and trends over time.MethodsThe cohort comprises all Israeli adolescents (mean ± SD age 17.3 ± 0.5 years) who were medically examined, before mandatory military service during 2000 to 2015. Of 1 120 362 adolescents, 239 816 (21.4%) were classified with overweight or with obesity classes I to III using the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Data were compared between 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2015.ResultsConsidering more advantaged residential SEP as the reference group, the respective odds ratios (ORs ± 95%CI) of less advantaged SEP for obesity classes I to III in 2010 to 2015 were 1.48 (1.40‐1.56), 1.66 (1.51‐1.83), and 1.73 (1.45‐2.08) for males; and 1.72 (1.60‐1.84), 1.89 (1.66‐2.15), and 2.62 (2.04‐3.37) for females. All point estimates were higher than in the preceding decade. Considering female inductees from the more advantaged SEP as the reference group, ORs were higher for males in the more advantaged SEP group, for overweight, 1.31 (1.27‐1.36); class I obesity, 1.29 (1.20‐1.38); class II obesity, 1.34 (1.18‐1.53); and class III obesity, 1.60 (1.24‐2.07). Similarly, in the less and medium advantaged SEP groups, increased ORs for males compared with females were observed in all obesity groups. Results persisted using United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts.ConclusionsAdolescents with less rather than more advantaged residential SEP are at greater risk of severe obesity. Adolescent males, of all residential SEP groups had higher odds than females for all classes of obesity.
Tunica vaginalis graft for recurrent urethrocutaneous fistula repair after hypospadias surgery
Authors: Aldaqadossi Hussein Abdelhameed , Eladawy Mahmoud , Shaker Hossam , Kotb Youssof , Azazy Samir 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcomes of recurrent urethrocutaneous fistula repair using tunica vaginalis graft as an intermediate protective layer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 45 children with recurrent urethrocutaneous fistula who underwent tunica vaginalis graft repair between February 2011 and January 2019. The repair was carried out at least 6 months after a previous fistula repair. Follow up at an outpatient clinic was scheduled on a weekly basis for 1 month, then monthly for 6 months and then annually. During follow up, every patient was evaluated by history taking. The site of repair and the act of micturition were inspected. Urine analyses together with culture and sensitivity tests were carried out if required. Successful repair was defined as the absence of recurrence, with good force and caliber of the urinary stream.ResultsThis study included 45 patients with recurrent urethrocutaneous fistula who were managed with a tunica vaginalis graft as a second layer. The mean age of patients was 6.7 ± 2.8 years. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 5.5 ± 0.7 days. The repair was successful for 43 (95.6%) patients, and urethrocutaneous fistula recurrence was reported for two (4.4%) patients, which were repaired after 6 months. In all patients, the cosmetic appearance of the penis was satisfactory without torsion or ventral chordee.ConclusionTunica vaginalis graft is a simple and fast procedure that is highly effective as a protective second layer for recurrent urethrocutaneous fistula repair.
microRNA‐128‐3p overexpression inhibits breast cancer stem cell characteristics through suppression of Wnt signalling pathway by down‐regulating NEK2
Authors: Chen Yuanwen , Wu Nian , Liu Lei , Dong Huaying , Liu Xinao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence has reported that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) participated in the development of diverse types of cancers. Our initial microarray‐based analysis identified differentially expressed NEK2 related to breast cancer and predicted the regulatory microRNA‐128‐3p (miR‐128‐3p). Herein, this study aimed to characterize the tumour‐suppressive role of miR‐128‐3p in regulating the biological characteristics of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). CD44＋CD24−/low cells were selected for subsequent experiments. After verification of the target relationship between miR‐128‐3p and NEK2, the relationship among miR‐128‐3p, NEK2 and BCSCs was further investigated with the involvement of the Wnt signalling pathway. The regulatory effects of miR‐128‐3p on proliferation, migration, invasion and self‐renewal in vitro as well as tumorigenicity in vivo of BCSCs were examined via gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches. Highly expressed NEK2 was found in breast cancer based on GSE61304 expression profile. Breast cancer stem cells and breast cancer cells showed a down‐regulation of miR‐128‐3p. Overexpression of miR‐128‐3p was found to inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion, self‐renewal in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo of BCSCs, which was further validated to be achieved through inhibition of Wnt signalling pathway by down‐regulating NEK2. In summary, this study indicates that miR‐128‐3p inhibits the stem‐like cell features of BCSCs via inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway by down‐regulating NEK2, which provides a new target for breast cancer treatment.
Spontaneous neoplasia in captive syngnathid species: A retrospective case series (2003–2014) and literature review
Authors: Denk Daniela , Verin Ranieri , Ressel Lorenzo , Lewis Eleanor , Stidworthy Mark F 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSyngnathidae (seahorses, pipefish and seadragons) are charismatic species commonly kept in commercial aquaria, but published literature on syngnathid diseases is limited and immunohistochemical techniques not routinely employed. A retrospective review of 2,541 syngnathid submissions received between March 2003 and October 2016 identified 18 neoplasms including germ cell tumours, exocrine pancreatic and intestinal carcinomas, chromatophoromas, and single cases of lymphoma, thyroid and renal carcinoma, swim bladder and pituitary adenoma. Big‐bellied seahorses accounted for 19% of submissions, but 50% of neoplasms were diagnosed in this species. This study includes the first reported cases of germ cell tumours, chromatophoroma, thyroid carcinoma and pituitary adenoma in Syngnathidae and the first reports of neoplasia in pipefish species. Out of nine commercial antibodies trialled for immunohistochemical characterization of neoplastic tissue, only pan‐cytokeratin proved cross‐reactive. Electron microscopy was performed in four cases. Tumours should be considered as differential diagnosis in cases with buoyancy issues, debilitated or emaciated animals, and may predispose to secondary infections. This study highlights the value of histopathological disease surveillance for commercial aquarium settings.
Cardiac foetal reprogramming: a tool to exploit novel treatment targets for the failing heart
Authors: van der Pol A. , Hoes M. F. , de Boer R. A. , van der Meer P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the heart matures during embryogenesis from its foetal stages, several structural and functional modifications take place to form the adult heart. This process of maturation is in large part due to an increased volume and work load of the heart to maintain proper circulation throughout the growing body. In recent years, it has been observed that these changes are reversed to some extent as a result of cardiac disease. The process by which this occurs has been characterized as cardiac foetal reprogramming and is defined as the suppression of adult and re‐activation of a foetal genes profile in the diseased myocardium. The reasons as to why this process occurs in the diseased myocardium are unknown; however, it has been suggested to be an adaptive process to counteract deleterious events taking place during cardiac remodelling. Although still in its infancy, several studies have demonstrated that targeting foetal reprogramming in heart failure can lead to substantial improvement in cardiac functionality. This is highlighted by a recent study which found that by modulating the expression of 5‐oxoprolinase (OPLAH, a novel cardiac foetal gene), cardiac function can be significantly improved in mice exposed to cardiac injury. Additionally, the utilization of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) has demonstrated clear benefits, providing important clinical proof that drugs that increase natriuretic peptide levels (part of the foetal gene programme) indeed improve heart failure outcomes. In this review, we will highlight the most important aspects of cardiac foetal reprogramming and will discuss whether this process is a cause or consequence of heart failure. Based on this, we will also explain how a deeper understanding of this process may result in the development of novel therapeutic strategies in heart failure.
‘Paedophile Hunters’, Criminal Procedure, and Fundamental Human Rights
Authors: Purshouse Joe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract‘Paedophile hunters’ have attracted global media attention. The limited literature on paedophile hunters, which documents their emergence in contemporary liberal democracies, pays scant attention to how their use of intrusive investigative methods may threaten the procedural rights of suspects and undermine the integrity of the criminal justice system. This article fills this normative ‘gap’ in the literature. It draws upon media coverage, criminal procedure jurisprudence, and criminological scholarship to analyse the regulation of paedophile hunting in English and Welsh law. The article suggests that domestic law does not afford adequate protection to due process and the fundamental human rights of those falling under the paedophile hunter's purview. Unless paedophile hunting is constrained by a narrower and more robustly enforced regulatory regime, it should not be permitted, let alone encouraged, in contemporary liberal democracies.
Brain TRODAT‐SPECT Versus MRI Morphometry in Distinguishing Early Mild Parkinson's Disease from Other Extrapyramidal Syndromes
Authors: Hossein‐Tehrani Mohammad Reza , Ghaedian Tahereh , Hooshmandi Etrat , Kalhor Leila , Foroughi Amin Abolhasani , Ostovan Vahid Reza 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe clinical differentiation of Parkinson's disease (PD) from other extrapyramidal syndromes has made a challenge in neurology. This study aimed to compare the specificity and sensitivity of brain MRI volumetry and dopamine transporter scans in differentiating PD from other extrapyramidal syndromes in the early stages of the disease.METHODSThis study included 34 patients younger than 70 years old with less than 3 years of extrapyramidal symptoms. Demographic and clinical history of the patients, including age, sex, and disease duration, was gathered. Disease severity was assessed using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III). For all patients, 99mTc‐TRODAT single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI volumetry were performed. Patients were followed up for 1 year and examined for final diagnosis.RESULTSAccording to the quantitative 99mTc‐TRODAT analysis, all of the specific binding ratio (SBR) parameters, including right, left, and bilateral SBRs, were significantly higher in the non‐Parkinsonian patients. Also, the results indicated a high diagnostic accuracy for both quantitative 99mTc‐TRODAT analysis (about 88% for SBR parameters) and MRI volumetry (71% for bilateral olfactory bulbs volume) in diagnosing PD. Regarding the diagnosis of PD, there were no significant differences between quantitative scan results and olfactory bulb volumetry according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.CONCLUSION99mTc‐TRODAT has a higher accuracy in differentiation of early PD from non‐Parkinsonian conditions, particularly essential tremor. Olfactory bulbs volumetry by using MRI can also serve as a potential alternative method in this regard.