bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No people, no problem – narrativity, conflict, and justice in debates on deep-seabed mining
Authors: Schmidt Oscar , Rivera Manuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. While the idea of extracting deep-seabed resources dates back to as early as
the 1960s, it remained pure fiction for decades due to limited technical
possibilities and prohibitive costs. In recent years, against the backdrop
of changing technical possibilities and a persistently high demand for raw
materials, deep-seabed mining (DSM) has returned to the international
political agenda. While numerous fact-finding missions engage in mapping
the ocean's resources and public–private partnerships prepare to make an active
engagement in mining the seabed, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) is entrusted with the development of a legal framework for possible future
mining in accordance with the requirements defined under the UN Convention
on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The preparations for DSM are accompanied and ultimately shaped by a discourse on possible opportunities and risks of
mining the deep seabed. The paper at hand traces dominant discursive
positions and their narrative structures as a way of explaining the relative
success or failure of DSM proponents who speak in favor of mining the seabed
and DSM critics who warn against its striking environmental impacts and
inestimable risks. We proceed from the observation that the historic
discourse on the deep sea beyond national jurisdiction was rooted in what we
call “narratives of promise” regarding global procedural and distributive
justice, environmental health, and peaceful international cooperation. Our
findings show how in today's debates the theme of global marine justice,
which dominated the historic DSM discourse, is close to a “nonstory”. DSM is commonly narrated as a merely technocratic and
apolitical process that appears to be free of social and environmental
conflict. We conclude by arguing that to arrive at more successful critical
narratives on DSM will require more pronounced depictions of the negative
consequences in particular for humans, exposing the “politics” in DSM
policy making and developing more competitive stories on alternatives to DSM.
Determining Generalizability of the Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) to the Entire Canadian Kidney Cancer Population
Authors: Tajzler Camilla , Tanguay Simon , Mallick Ranjeeta , Ahrens Beau , Ly Tina Luu , Breau Rodney H. , Basappa Naveen S. , Kapoor Anil , Heng Daniel , Pouliot Frédéric , Finelli Antonio , Lavallee Luke T. , So Alan I. , Drachenberg Darrel E. , Soulieres Denis , Bjarnason Georg , Richard Patrick O. , Maloni Ranjena , Power Nicholas E. , Haan Michael , Wood Lori A. 
Published: June 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) has prospectively collected data on patients with renal tumors since Jan 1st, 2011 from 16 sites within 14 academic centers in 6 provinces. Canadian kidney cancer experts have used CKCis data to address several research questions. The goal of this study was to determine if the CKCis cohort is representative of the entire Canadian kidney cancer population, specifically regarding demographic and geographic distributions.
METHODS:
The CKCis prospective cohort was analyzed up to Dec 31, 2018. Baseline demographics and tumor characteristics were analyzed including location of patients’ residence at the time of CKCis entry. Geographic data is presented by province, rural versus urban via postal code info (2nd digit=0) and by Canadian urban boundary files. To determine the proportion of RCC patients that CKCis captures, CKCis accruals were compared to projected Canadian Cancer Society RCC incidence in 2016-2017 and the incidence from the 2016 Canadian Cancer Registry. To determine if the CKCis baseline data is representative it was compared to Registry data and other published data when Registry data was not available.
RESULTS:
This CKCis cohort includes 10,298 eligible patients: 66.6% male, median age 62.6 years, 14.6% had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and 70.4% had clear cell carcinomas. The CKCis cohort captures about 1,250 patients per year, which represents approximately 20% of the total kidney cancer incidence. The proportion of patients captured per province did vary from 13% to 43%. Rural patients make up 17% of patients with some baseline differences between rural and urban patients. There appears to be no major differences between CKCis patient demographics and disease characteristics compared to national data sources. Canadian heat maps detailing patient location are presented.
CONCLUSIONS:
CKCis contains prospective data on >10,000 Canadian kidney cancer patients making it a valuable resource for kidney cancer research. The baseline demographic and geographic data do appear to include a broad cross section of patients and seem to be highly representative of the Canadian kidney cancer population. Moving forward, future projects will include determining if CKCis cancer outcomes are also representative of the entire Canadian kidney cancer population, and studying variations across provinces and within rural versus urban areas.
STATISTICAL MARKOV MODEL BASED NATURAL INSPIRED GLOWWORM SWARM MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT DATA DELIVERY IN MANET
Authors: Perumal Thiyagarajan 
Published: June 2020

An interference and collision is a significant problem to be solved in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Few techniques were developed in existing work to perform energy aware routing in MANET. But, handling both interference and collision on route path was remained open issues which increases the energy usage and reduces the throughput of MANET. In order to overcome such limitations, Statistical Markov Model Based Natural Inspired Glowworm Multi-objective Optimization (SMM-NIGMO) technique is proposed. The SMM-NIGMO technique contains three key processes namely interference prediction, optimal node selection, route path identification. The SMM-NIGMO technique at first proposes a Statistical Markov Model to determine the interference level of each mobile node in MANET at the time ‘ ’. After that, SMM-NIGMO Technique designs a Natural Inspired Glowworm Swarm Multi-Objective Optimization (NIGSMO) algorithm to carry out the optimal node selection process in MANET. During this process, SMM-NIGMO Technique finds the mobile nodes with lower inferences and higher residual energy as optimal in dynamic environment. After discovering the best nodes, SMM-NIGMO Technique uses the Request-To-Send (RTS) and Clear-To-Send (CTS) mechanism for identifying the best route path in MANET. During the route path finding process, SMM-NIGMO Technique selects the mobile node to transmit the packets to destination without any collisions. As a result, SMM-NIGMO Technique enhances the performance of energy efficient data delivery in MANET as compared to existing works. The simulation of SMM-NIGMO Technique is performed using parameters such as throughput, energy consumption, packet loss rate and end to end delay. The simulation result depicts that the SMM-NIGMO Technique is able to improve the throughput and also reduces the energy consumption of data transmission in MANET as compared to state-of-the-art works.
Feature Selection Using Improved Forest Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Xie Qi , Cheng Gengguo , Zhang Xiao , Peng Lei 
Published: June 2020

Feature selection is one of the hottest topics in the field of machine learning and data mining. In 2016, the feature selection using forest optimization algorithm (FSFOA) was proposed, which had a better classification performance and dimensionality reduction ability. However, there are some shortcomings in FSFOA. Feature Selection using Improved Forest Optimization Algorithm (FSIFOA) is proposed in this article, which aims at solving the problems of FSFOA during the stages of random initialization, forming the candidate population and updating the best tree. FSIFOA uses the Pearson correlation coefficient and the L1 regularization method to replace the random initialization strategy in the initialization stage, uses the method of separating good and bad trees and filling the quantity gap between them to solve the problem of category imbalance in the candidate population generation stage, adds trees of the same precision but different dimension compared with the best tree to the forest in the update stage. In experiment, the new algorithm uses the same data and parameters as the traditional algorithm to test the small, medium and large dimensional data respectively. The results of the experiments show that the new algorithm can improve the classification accuracy of classifiers and increase the dimension reduction ratio compared with the traditional algorithms in the medium and large dimension data set.
CRISPR 2 PCR and high resolution melting profiling for identification and characterization of clinically-relevant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Authors: Wisittipanit Nuttachat , Pulsrikarn Chaiwat , Srisong Sudarat , Srimora Rungthiwa , Kittiwan Nattinee , Poonchareon Kritchai 
Published: June 2020

Background
Nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. constitute a major bacterial cause of food poisoning. Each Salmonella serotype causes distinct virulence to humans.

Method
A small cohort study was conducted to characterize several aspects of Salmonella isolates obtained from stool of diarrheal patients (n = 26) admitted to Phayao Ram Hospital, Phayao province, Thailand. A simple CRISPR 2 molecular analysis was developed to rapidly type Salmonella isolates employing both uniplex and high resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis.

Results
CRISPR 2 monoplex PCR generated a single Salmonella serotype-specific amplicon, showing S. 4,[5],12:i:- with highest frequency (42%), S. Enteritidis (15%) and S. Stanley (11%); S. Typhimurium was not detected. CRISPR 2 HRM-PCR allowed further classification of S. 4,[5],12:i:- isolates based on their specific CRISPR 2 signature sequences. The highest prevalence of Salmonella infection was during the summer season (April to August). Additional studies were conducted using standard multiplex HRM-PCR typing, which confirmed CRISPR 2 PCR results and, using a machine-learning algorithm, clustered the majority of Salmonella serotypes into six clades; repetitive element-based (ERIC) PCR, which clustered the serotypes into three clades only; antibiogram profiling, which revealed the majority resistant to ampicillin (69%); and test for extended spectrum β-lactamase production (two isolates) and PCR-based detection of bla alleles.

Conclusion
CRISPR 2 PCR provided a simple assay for detection and identification of clinically-relevant Salmonella serotypes. In conjunction with antibiogram profiling and rapid assay for β-lactamase producers, this approach should facilitate detection and appropriate treatment of Salmonellosis in a local hospital setting. In addition, CRISPR 2 HRM-PCR profiling enabled clustering of S. 4,[5],12:i:-isolates according to CRISPR 2 locus signature sequences, indicative of their different evolutionary trajectories, thereby providing a powerful tool for future epidemiological studies of virulent Salmonella serotypes.
Combination of ferric ammonium citrate with cytokines involved in apoptosis and insulin secretion of human pancreatic beta cells related to diabetes in thalassemia
Authors: Rattanaporn Patchara , Tongsima Sissades , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Svasti Saovaros , Tanyong Dalina 
Published: June 2020

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common complication found in β-thalassemia patients. The mechanism of DM in β-thalassemia patients is still unclear, but it could be from an iron overload and increase of some cytokines, such as interleukin1-β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The objective of this study was to study the effect of interaction between ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α, on 1.1B4 human pancreatic β-cell line.

Methods
The effect of the combination of FAC and cytokines on cell viability was studied by MTT assay. Insulin secretion was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis in normal and high glucose condition were determined by flow cytometer. In addition, gene expression of apoptosis, antioxidant; glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and insulin secretory function were studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).

Results
The findings revealed that FAC exposure resulted in the decrease of cell viability and insulin-release, and the induction of ROS and apoptosis in pancreatic cells. Interestingly, a combination of FAC and cytokines had an additive effect on SOD2 antioxidants’ genes expression and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, it reduced the insulin secretion genes expression; insulin (INS), glucose kinase (GCK), protein convertase 1 (PSCK1), and protein convertase 2 (PSCK2). Moreover, the highest ROS and the lowest insulin secretion were found in FAC combined with IL-1β and TNF-α in the high-glucose condition of human pancreatic beta cell, which could be involved in the mechanism of DM development in β-thalassemia patients.
A retrospective study on the prognostic value of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fang Ku-Hao , Lai Chia-Hsuan , Hsu Cheng-Ming , Huang Ethan , Tsai Ming-Shao , Chang Geng-He , Lee Yi-Chan , Tsai Yao-Te 
Published: June 2020

Background
Although the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) can predict poor outcomes in assorted cancers, its prognostic value in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. We explored the value of preoperative CAR in predicting clinical outcomes in OSCC patients treated with radical surgery.

Methods
All the recommended cutoff values were defined analyzing receiver operating characteristic curves or overall survival (OS). Dichotomization was performed on the basis of optimal CAR cutoff, and we compared the clinicopathological features between groups. Kaplan–Meier analysis was also performed to compare OS curves between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were conducted to find the clinical characteristics that were most closely correlated with disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A nomogram incorporated CAR and several clinicopathological factors was established to predict prognosis and its accuracy was evaluated using concordance index (c-index).

Results
In this retrospective study, a total of 326 patients with newly diagnosis of OSCC and received primary surgery between 2008 and 2017 were enrolled. Through the executed ROC curve analyses, the optimal CAR cutoff derived was 0.195 (area under the curve = 0.718, p < 0.001), with this cutoff exhibiting a discrimination ability superior to that of other inflammation-based prognostic scores after comparing the area under curves. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CAR (≥0.195/<0.195) was associated with OS (hazard ratio 3.614; 95% CI [1.629–8.018]; p = 0.002) and DFS (hazard ratio 1.917; 95% CI [1.051–3.863]; p = 0.029). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log rank test revealed a significant difference in DFS and OS curves between patients with low CAR (<0.195) and those with high CAR (≥0.195; both p < 0.001). The c-index of the nomogram based on TNM system alone was 0.684 and could be increased to 0.801 if CAR and other clinicopathological factors were included.

Conclusions
Preoperative CAR could constitute an independent prognostic indicator for OS and DFS prediction in OSCC patients treated with curative surgery. The established nomogram that incorporated CAR and prognostic factors might increase the accuracy of prognostic prediction for patients with OSCC.
Targeted Program in an Academic Rheumatology Practice to Improve Compliance With Opioid Prescribing Guidelines for the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Authors: Wang Eric J. , Helgesen Rebecca , Johr Chadwick R. , Lacko Hannah S. , Ashburn Michael A. , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and many state governments have issued guidelines for opioid prescribing for the treatment of chronic noncancer‐associated pain. We sought to decrease practice variation and increase compliance with these guidelines in a tertiary academic rheumatology practice by developing an interdisciplinary opioid working group and using electronic health record (EHR)–integrated data feedback.MethodsDivision leadership and providers established shared goals at interdisciplinary meetings involving rheumatology, pain medicine, nursing, and pharmacy. Interventions included educational sessions on opioid prescribing guidelines and the sharing of individual de‐identified prescribing patterns. An opioid dashboard page within the EHR allowed every provider to see individualized and division‐wide data that tracked process measures based on CDC and state‐specific guidelines. Baseline data from June to August 2017 were compared with monthly data through December 2018.ResultsAt baseline, 40% of patients had an active opioid agreement (a Pennsylvania guideline and a New Jersey law), 25% had a urine drug screen result within 12 months of their most recent opioid prescription, and 24% had a concurrent benzodiazepine prescription. After 16 months, these percentages improved to 88%, 66%, and 16%, respectively. The average number of opioid tablets prescribed per month decreased from 59,733 to 48,966 (–18%; P = 0.02).ConclusionShared goals developed through interdisciplinary input and readily accessible data feedback can markedly increase provider compliance with national and state‐specific guidelines for opioid prescribing for the treatment of chronic noncancer‐associated pain in rheumatology.
Twofold Interpenetrated 2D MOF Nanosheets Generated by an Instant In Situ Exfoliation Method: Morphology Control and Fluorescent Sensing
Authors: Liu Qiang , Li Xiaofang , Wen Yuehong , Xu Qingdou , Wu Xin‐Tao , Zhu Qi‐Long 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheets, an emerging family of 2D materials, have gained significant attention due to their thin thickness, large surface areas, abundant exposed accessible active sites, etc. However, it is still a big challenge to fabricate high‐quality 2D MOF nanosheets in high yields. Herein, a novel and facile synthetic strategy, named as instant in situ exfoliation method, is developed to prepare 2D MOF nanosheets with large lateral dimension, which combines the characteristics and advantages of the popular top‐down and bottom‐up approaches. Employing such methodology, the large MOF nanosheets with twofold interpenetrated 2D structure and unique fluorescent properties are massively obtained from the precursors in a high overall yield of 67%, of which the minimum thickness is ≈14.0 nm. Owing to their unique interpenetrated structure, lamellar morphology, and high fluorescent emission, the resultant MOF nanosheets are capable of functioning as an efficient fluorescent sensor to selectively and sensitively detect the Fe3+ and Al3+ ions, exhibiting much better detection limitation compared with the corresponding bulk MOF.
Rational Design of Nanocatalysts with Nonmetal Species Modification for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wu Yunzhen , Cao Shuyan , Hou Jungang , Li Zhuwei , Zhang Bo , Zhai Panlong , Zhang Yanting , Sun Licheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConverting CO2 to valuable carbonaceous fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO2 reduction by using renewable energy sources is considered to be a scalable strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits. One of the challenges in this field is to develop nanocatalysts with superior electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for targeted products. Nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts is of great significance for the construction of distinctive active sites to overcome the kinetic limitations of CO2 reduction. These types of modification enable the efficient control of the selectivity and significantly decrease the reaction overpotential. Herein, a comprehensive review of the recent progress of nonmetal species modification of nanocatalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction is presented. After discussing some fundamental parameters and the basic principles of CO2 reduction, including possible reaction pathways in light of theoretical modeling and experiments, the identification of active sites and elucidation of reaction mechanisms are emphasized for unraveling the role of nonmetal species modification, such as heteroatom incorporation, organic molecule decoration, electrolyte engineering, and single‐atom engineering. In the final section, future challenges and constructive perspectives are provided, facilitating the accelerated advancement of mechanism research and practical applications of green carbon cycling.
Adaptive functioning in children and adolescents with Trisomy X: An exploratory analysis
Authors: Wigby Kristen , Cordeiro Lisa , Wilson Rebecca , Angkustsiri Kathleen , Simon Tony J. , Tartaglia Nicole 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIdentifying the factors related to adaptive functioning will improve the information available to families and providers of females with Trisomy X. Cognitive and behavioral features were assessed in 50 females ages 12.2 ± 3.6 years using the Behavior Assessment System for Children Second Edition (BASC‐2) and Wechsler Scales of Intelligence. Executive functioning, social skills, and autistic traits were evaluated in a subset. Adaptive functioning was assessed using the BASC‐2 adaptive skills composite score (ASC). Participants were classified as average adaptive skills (ASC T‐score > 40) or deficits (ASC T‐score < 40). Group comparisons were conducted. Multiple linear regression examined which factors contributed to ASC score. Twenty‐eight females (55.6%) had adaptive skills deficits with functional communication being the most commonly affected adaptive domain. The group with ASC in the average range had higher verbal IQ (VIQ) and lower rates of numerous behavioral concerns. Internalizing behavior composite, DSM‐IV inattentive symptoms score, and VIQ were significant predictors of ASC. Prenatally diagnosed females comprised over 70% of those with average adaptive skills. In this study, internalizing behaviors, inattentive ADHD symptoms, and VIQ were associated with poorer adaptive functioning. Early interventions targeting internalizing behaviors, attention/executive functioning, and communication skills may improve adaptive skills and deserve further study.