bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State-wide quality improvement addressing overutilization of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists.
Authors: Mackler Emily R. , Procailo Kelly Marie , Bedard Louise , Griggs Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2020

8 Background: The overuse of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) is a focus of quality measurement within the American Society of Clinical Oncology Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (ASCO-QOPI) and the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) as a Choosing Wisely measure. The Michigan Oncology Quality Collaborative (MOQC) is a statewide collaborative with participation of nearly 100% of oncologists. The purpose of this project was to provide quality improvement practice support for deimplementation of NK1-RAs in the upfront prevention of chemotherapy- induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) for low and moderate emetic chemotherapy regimens (QOPI measure SMT28a) to less than 30% in practices across the State, with lower scores indicating better performance. Methods: In 2018, MOQC added the QOPI SMT28a measure as part of its standard quality measure module for collection by all MOQC practices. A quality improvement intervention was initiated that consisted of 1) baseline assessments of measure performance, prescriber knowledge and beliefs, and pre-populated antiemetic order sets, 2) reporting practice and state-level performance to MOQC practices, 3) state-wide CINV education, and 4) a value-based reimbursement (VBR) related to measure performance. Post-intervention performance was assessed with the Fall 2019 and Spring 2020 QOPI-measurement. Results: Responses from a survey assessing pre-populated antiemetic order sets (32/43, 74% response rate), 23% of practices had a pre-populated order set for NK1-RA and/or olanzapine in moderate emetic regimens. The post-education order set survey found that 48% of respondents (25/43, 54% response rate) either modified or were in the process of modifying their order sets. Conclusions: Deimplementation of unnecessary and low value antiemetics in patients receiving low- or moderate emetic chemotherapy was possible via a state-wide quality improvement program that involved performance reporting to practices, collaborative-wide education, modification of standing order sets, and VBR based on performance. [Table: see text]
Association of cancer history and medical financial hardship with mortality in the United States.
Authors: Yabroff K Robin , Han Xuesong , Song Weishan , Zhao Jingxuan , Jemal Ahmedin , Zheng Zhiyuan 
Published: October 2020

86 Background: Cancer survivors frequently experience medical financial hardship in the United States. Little is known, however, about its long-term health consequences. In this study, we examine the associations of cancer history, medical financial hardship and mortality in a large nationally representative sample. Methods: We identified cohorts of adults aged 18-64 years (n = 415,114) and 65-79 years (n = 73,571) from the 1997-2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the NHIS Linked Mortality Files with vital status through December 31, 2015. Medical financial hardship was measured as problems affording care or delaying or forgoing any medical care due to cost in the past 12 months using survey questions consistently available in all NHIS years. Risk of mortality estimated with weighted Cox’s proportional hazards models with age as the time scale, controlling for the effects of sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, comorbid conditions, region, and survey year. Health insurance coverage was added separately to multivariable models. All estimates accounted for the complex survey design. Results: Among adults aged 18-64 years, 29.6% with and 21.3% without a cancer history reported financial hardship Among adults aged 65-79 years with and without a cancer history, the same percentage reported financial hardship: 11.1%. Among adults aged 18-64 years, cancer survivors with financial hardship had the highest adjusted mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.14, 95% confidence interval [95CI]: 1.92-2.37); followed by cancer survivors without medical financial hardship (HR: 1.93, 95CI: 1.81-2.06); and adults without a cancer history with medical financial hardship (HR: 1.36; 95CI: 1.31-1.41) compared with adults with neither a cancer history nor financial hardship. Similar pattern was observed among adults aged 65-79 years: cancer survivors with (HR: 1.62, 95CI: 1.45-1.82) and without (HR: 1.34, 95CI: 1.28-1.24) medical financial hardship and adults without a cancer history with financial hardship (HR: 1.17, 95CI: 1.10-1.24) had elevated mortality risk. Further adjustment for health insurance coverage reduced the magnitude of association of financial hardship and mortality among adults 18-64 years, but further adjustment for insurance had little effect on mortality risk among those aged 65-79 years. Conclusions: Medical financial hardship was associated with increased risk of mortality among adults with and without a cancer history, highlighting the need for efforts to mitigate financial hardship in the United States.
Analysis of the Implementation of Telehealth Visits for Care of Patients With Cancer in Houston During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Darcourt Jorge G. , Aparicio Kalia , Dorsey Phillip M. , Ensor Joe E. , Zsigmond Eva M. , Wong Stephen T. , Ezeana Chika F. , Puppala Mamta , Heyne Kirk E. , Geyer Charles E. , Phillips Robert A. , Schwartz Roberta L. , Chang Jenny C. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of telemedicine amid the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in patients with cancer and assess barriers to its implementation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Telehealth video visits, using the Houston Methodist MyChart platform, were offered to patients with cancer as an alternative to in-person visits. Reasons given by patients who declined to use video visits were documented, and demographic information was collected from all patients. Surveys were used to assess the levels of satisfaction of treating physicians and patients who agreed to video visits. RESULTS: Of 1,762 patients with cancer who were offered telehealth video visits, 1,477 (83.8%) participated. The patients who declined participation were older (67.7 v 60.2 years; P < .0001), lived in significantly lower-income areas ( P = .0021), and were less likely to have commercial insurance ( P < .0001) than patients who participated. Most participating patients (92.6%) were satisfied with telehealth video visits. A majority of physicians (65.2%) were also satisfied with its use, and 74% indicated that they would likely use telemedicine in the future. Primary concerns that physicians had in using this technology were inadequate patient interactions and acquisition of medical data, increased potential for missing significant clinical findings, decreased quality of care, and potential medical liability. CONCLUSION: Oncology/hematology patients and their physicians expressed high levels of satisfaction with the use of telehealth video visits. Despite recent advances in technology, there are still opportunities to improve the equal implementation of telemedicine for the medical care of vulnerable older, low-income, and underinsured patient populations.
Akkermansia muciniphila promotes type H vessel formation and bone fracture healing by reducing gut permeability and inflammation
Authors: Liu Jiang-Hua , Yue Tao , Luo Zhong-Wei , Cao Jia , Yan Zi-Qi , Jin Ling , Wan Teng-Fei , Shuai Ci-Jun , Wang Zheng-Guang , Zhou Yong , Xu Ran , Xie Hui 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Improving revascularization is one of the major measures in fracture treatment. Moderate local inflammation triggers angiogenesis, whereas systemic inflammation hampers angiogenesis. Previous studies showed that Akkermansia muciniphila, a gut probiotic, ameliorates systemic inflammation by tightening the intestinal barrier. In this study, fractured mice intragastrically administrated with A. muciniphila were found to display better fracture healing than mice treated with vehicle. Notably, more preosteclasts positive for platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) were induced by A. muciniphila at 2 weeks post fracture, coinciding with increased formation of type H vessels, a specific vessel subtype that couples angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and can be stimulated by PDGF-BB. Moreover, A. muciniphila treatment significantly reduced gut permeability and inflammation at the early stage. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to disrupt the gut barrier to determine its role in fracture healing and whether A. muciniphila still can stimulate bone fracture healing. As expected, A. muciniphila evidently improved gut barrier, reduced inflammation and restored the impaired bone healing and angiogenesis in DSS-treated mice. Our results suggest that A. muciniphila reduces intestinal permeability and alleviates inflammation, which probably induces more PDGF-BB+ preosteoclasts and type H vessel formation in callus, thereby promoting fracture healing. This study provides the evidence for the involvement of type H vessels in fracture healing and suggests the potential of A. muciniphila as a promising strategy for bone healing.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
The yeast FIT2 homologs are necessary to maintain cellular proteostasis and membrane lipid homeostasis
Authors: Yap Wei Sheng , Shyu Peter , Gaspar Maria Laura , Jesch Stephen A. , Marvalim Charlie , Prinz William A. , Henry Susan A. , Thibault Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Lipid droplets (LDs) are implicated in conditions of lipid and protein dysregulation. The fat storage-inducing transmembrane (FIT; also known as FITM) family induces LD formation. Here, we establish a model system to study the role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae FIT homologues (ScFIT), SCS3 and YFT2, in the proteostasis and stress response pathways. While LD biogenesis and basal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) remain unaltered in ScFIT mutants, SCS3 was found to be essential for proper stress-induced UPR activation and for viability in the absence of the sole yeast UPR transducer IRE1. Owing to not having a functional UPR, cells with mutated SCS3 exhibited an accumulation of triacylglycerol within the ER along with aberrant LD morphology, suggesting that there is a UPR-dependent compensatory mechanism that acts to mitigate lack of SCS3. Additionally, SCS3 was necessary to maintain phospholipid homeostasis. Strikingly, global protein ubiquitylation and the turnover of both ER and cytoplasmic misfolded proteins is impaired in ScFITΔ cells, while a screen for interacting partners of Scs3 identifies components of the proteostatic machinery as putative targets. Together, our data support a model where ScFITs play an important role in lipid metabolism and proteostasis beyond their defined roles in LD biogenesis.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
An evolutionarily distinct chaperone promotes 20S proteasome α-ring assembly in plants
Authors: Marshall Richard S. , Gemperline David C. , McLoughlin Fionn , Book Adam J. , Hofmann Kay , Vierstra Richard D. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
The core protease (CP) subcomplex of the 26S proteasome houses the proteolytic active sites and assumes a barrel shape comprised of four co-axially stacked heptameric rings formed by structurally related α- and β-subunits. CP biogenesis typically begins with the assembly of the α-ring, which then provides a template for β-subunit integration. In eukaryotes, α-ring assembly is partially mediated by two hetero-dimeric chaperones, termed Pba1–Pba2 (Add66) and Pba3–Pba4 (also known as Irc25–Poc4) in yeast. Pba1–Pba2 initially promotes orderly recruitment of the α-subunits through interactions between their C-terminal HbYX or HbF motifs and pockets at the α5–α6 and α6–α7 interfaces. Here, we identified PBAC5 as a fifth α-ring assembly chaperone in Arabidopsis that directly binds the Pba1 homolog PBAC1 to form a trimeric PBAC5–PBAC1–PBAC2 complex. PBAC5 harbors a HbYX motif that docks with a pocket between the α4 and α5 subunits during α-ring construction. Arabidopsis lacking PBAC5, PBAC1 and/or PBAC2 are hypersensitive to proteotoxic, salt and osmotic stresses, and display proteasome assembly defects. Remarkably, whereas PBAC5 is evolutionarily conserved among plants, sequence relatives are also dispersed within other kingdoms, including a scattered array of fungal, metazoan and oomycete species.
Breast-iRRISC: a novel model for predicting the individualised lifetime risk of radiation-induced breast cancer from a single screening event
Authors: Hooshmand Sahand , Reed Warren M. , Suleiman Mo’ayyad E. , Brennan Patrick C. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
This work establishes the prototype of a new innovative risk model that aims to evaluate the total risk involved with screening mammography for each individual female. This has been specifically designed to accommodate any combination of lifetime screening regimes, using only the information gathered from a single mammographic examination.

Methods:
This model prototype was developed with the aid of a large dataset of images from the Cancer Institute New South Wales (CINSW) with over 30,000 images from over 7000 examinations. Each examination is derived from a separate female.

Results:
This prototype which we have called Breast Individualised Risk of Radiation-Induced Screening Cancer (Breast-iRRISC) is a novel tool for the assessment of the lifetime risk involved with screening mammography. The results demonstrate the applicability of this approach to the various screening regimes utilised around the globe, in addition to the personalised screening frequency patterns females have undergone and are likely to receive in the future.

Conclusions:
This unique tailored approach to risk assessment will further empower females and clinicians towards a more informed clinical decision process regarding future imaging pathways. It will also inform health policy decisions regarding alternate screening durations and intervals.

Advances in knowledge:
Breast-iRRISC is a novel tool that provides females, clinicians and health policymakers around the globe with the ability to quantify the lifetime risk of radiation-induced breast cancer from screening mammography on an individual level from a single exposure.
Taxono-genomics description of Olsenella lakotia SW165T sp. nov., a new anaerobic bacterium isolated from the cecum of feral chicken
Authors: Wongkuna Supapit , Ghimire Sudeep , Janvilisri Tavan , Doerner Kinchel , Chankhamhaengdecha Surang , Scaria Joy 
Published: October 2020

Background: The microbial community residing in the animal gastrointestinal tract play a crucial role in host health. Because of the high complexity of gut microbes, many microbes remain unclassified. Deciphering the role of each bacteria in health and diseases is only possible after its culture, identification, and characterization. During the culturomics study of feral chicken cecal sample, we cultured a possible novel strain SW165T. Methods: For the possible novel strain SW165T, phenotypic characterization was performed using colony morphology, Gram staining, growth in different temperature and pH and motility. Biochemical assays included carbon source utilization, enzymatic activity, cellular fatty acids and short chain fatty acid production. 16S rRNA sequencing and whole genome sequencing and comparison was performed for genetic analysis. Results: This strain was isolated from cecal content of feral chickens in Brookings, South Dakota, USA. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the closest valid neighbor was Olsenella profusa DSM 13989T (96.33% similarity) within the family Atopobiaceae. Cells were Gram-strain-positive and obligately anaerobic bacilli in chains. The optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the microorganism were 37-45oC and pH 6.0-7.5 respectively. This strain produced acetic acid as the primary fermentation product. Major fatty acids were C12:0, C14:0, C14:0 DMA and summed feature 1 (C13:1 at 12-13 and C14:0 aldehyde). Strain SW165T exhibited a genome size of 2.43 Mbp with a G+C content of 67.59 mol%, which is the second highest G+C content among members of the genus Olsenella. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and OrthoANI values between SW165T and DSM 13989T were only 17.6 ± 5.3 and 74.35%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the phenotypic, biochemical, and genomic analyses, we propose the new species of the genus Olsenella, and name it Olsenella lakotia SW165T sp. nov., (=DSM 107283 =CCOS 1887) as the type strain.
Road traffic injuries in Nepal during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Sedain Bhagabati , Pant Puspa Raj 
Published: October 2020

Background: As the world is busy addressing COVID-19, road traffic injuries, another major cause of deaths is continuously killing people on the roads. In Nepal, there were frequent media reports of occurrences of road crashes, injuries, and deaths despite nationwide lockdown. This paper aims to describe the situation of road traffic crashes and casualties during the period of complete lockdown. Methods: This study used secondary data from two sources: Nepal Police and media reports between 24 March and 14 June 2020 (because the government lifted the nationwide lockdown from 15 June 2020). Available details of crashes, deaths, and injuries for this period were extracted from media reports and the summary data that was obtained from the Police. Narrative comparison is done between the data for the same period from both the sources, where possible. Results: Nepal Police recorded 1,801 incidents of road crashes during the 82 days of the COVID-19 lockdown with 256 deaths (on average 3.1 deaths daily) and 1,824 injuries (on average 22.2 injuries daily). Motorcycles comprised over 21% of all vehicles involved in crashes. Ambulances and other vehicles for essential services were also found to be involved in crashes. Speeding itself was the cause for almost a quarter of the incidents during the lockdown. Conclusions: Even when the movement restrictions were imposed in Nepal, the number of road crashes was not substantially reduced. Media reports were mainly found to be reporting the crashes where deaths occurred, but police records also included nonfatal injuries. The incidence of crashes in this period shows that it is important to work for road safety to save lives from road traffic crashes in Nepal.
Generalized Structured Component Analysis in candidate gene association studies: applications and limitations
Authors: Thompson Paul A. , Bishop Dorothy V. M. , Eising Else , Fisher Simon E. , Newbury Dianne F. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA) is a component-based alternative to traditional covariance-based structural equation modelling. This method has previously been applied to test for association between candidate genes and clinical phenotypes, contrasting with traditional genetic association analyses that adopt univariate testing of many individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with correction for multiple testing. Methods: We first evaluate the ability of the GSCA method to replicate two previous findings from a genetics association study of developmental language disorders. We then present the results of a simulation study to test the validity of the GSCA method under more restrictive data conditions, using smaller sample sizes and larger numbers of SNPs than have previously been investigated. Finally, we compare GSCA performance against univariate association analysis conducted using PLINK v1.9. Results: Results from simulations show that power to detect effects depends not just on sample size, but also on the ratio of SNPs with effect to number of SNPs tested within a gene. Inclusion of many SNPs in a model dilutes true effects. Conclusions: We propose that GSCA is a useful method for replication studies, when candidate SNPs have been identified, but should not be used for exploratory analysis.
Elaborating or Aggregating? The Joint Effects of Group Decision-Making Structure and Systematic Errors on the Value of Group Interactions
Authors: Keck Steffen , Tang Wenjie 
Published: October 2020

We explore when group interactions will have a positive effect on the accuracy of quantitative judgments. The results from three laboratory experiments revealed that the value of group interactions, compared with a statistical aggregation of individual judgments, differed strongly between groups in which decisions were made based on consensus, compared with groups with a randomly assigned group leader, and that this effect was moderated by the level of systematic error among group members. In particular, when systematic errors were low, group interactions generally provided little value, and groups’ decision-making structure (consensus versus leader based) did not have a significant effect on the value of group interactions. However, when the level of systematic error was high, the value of interactions in groups with a randomly designated leader was strongly positive and significantly higher than in groups with a consensus decision-making structure where interactions still provided only little value. Moreover, we found that this effect was mediated by information elaboration—which was higher in leader groups but only had a significant effect on the value of group interactions when there was a high level of systematic error. Finally, we also identified two important boundary conditions for these results. In particular, leader groups did not provide more value than consensus groups in the presence of strong systematic errors when leaders were assigned based on prior individual performance rather than randomly or when group members had only little expertise in the task. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, decision analysis.
Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms
Authors: Cullen Zoë , Farronato Chiara 
Published: October 2020

We study the growth of online peer-to-peer markets. Using data from TaskRabbit, an expanding marketplace for domestic tasks at the time of our study, we show that growth varies considerably across cities. To disentangle the potential drivers of growth, we look separately at demand and supply imbalances, network effects, and geographic heterogeneity. First, we find that supply is highly elastic: in periods when demand doubles, sellers perform almost twice as many tasks, prices hardly increase, and the probability of requested tasks being matched falls only slightly. The first result implies that in markets where supply can accommodate demand fluctuations, growth relies on attracting buyers at a faster rate than sellers. Second and perhaps most surprisingly, we find no evidence of network effects in matching: doubling the number of buyers and sellers only doubles the number of matches. Third, we show that the cities where market fundamentals promote efficient matching of buyers and sellers are also those that are the fastest growing. This heterogeneity in matching efficiency is related to two measures of market thickness: geographic density (buyers and sellers living close together) and level of task standardization (buyers requesting homogeneous tasks). Our results have two main implications for peer-to-peer markets in which network effects are limited by the local and time-sensitive nature of the services exchanged. First, marketplace growth largely depends on strategic geographic expansion. Second, a competitive rather than winner-take-all equilibrium may arise in the long run. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.