bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programa de Educação Tutorial como coletivo de autorreflexão na formação inicial
Authors: Machado Renata Caroline Dias , Paz Meggiolaro Graciela , Ismael da Costa Güllich Roque 
Published: July 2020

A formação de professores no Brasil tem assumido, desde início dos anos 2000, a tendência da Investigação-Ação. Assim, temos como objetivo compreender o papel da reflexão no processo de Investigação-Ação como via para a aprendizagem no decorrer das experiências de formação inicial de professores de Ciências. Desta forma, analisamos e categorizamos por meio de análise temática de conteúdos os diários de formação de licenciandos da área de Ciências, participantes de Programa de Educação Tutorial (PETCiências). As categorias de análise foram definidas seguindo três eixos temáticos: i) níveis de reflexão, ii) tipos de reflexão e iii) conteúdo da reflexão. No estudo, evidenciamos o papel do diário de formação na formação inicial, trazendo oportunidades aos sujeitos que refletem sobre si mesmos por meio do processo formativo Investigação-Formação-Ação, sendo essa uma construção que se faz no coletivo que auxilia no desenvolvimento critico, autorreflexivo e agrega qualidade ao desenvolvimento profissional docente.
Palavras-chave: Reflexão crítica. Narrativas. Diário de formação. Investigação-formação-ação.
The optimal design of school desks depending on the height and weight of students
Authors: Veljovic Fikret , Voloder Avdo , Burak Senad , Kulovac Benjamin , Karabeg Reuf 
Published: July 2020

Background: The subject of this research is the creation of an optimal school bench design with the aim of determining the most favorable posture of students while sitting, taking into account the relevant ergonometric and biomechanical characteristics of the human body. For the proposed model of the school bench which allows adjusting the different slopes of its surface, the corresponding computer model of the student and the table was first created, and then biomechanical and RULA analysis was performed in order to determine the maximum load in the lumbar part. Next, for each test subject of given weight, it was necessary to determine the amount of maximum load in lumbar zone L3/L4 for different slope angles and to determine the critical angles at which the maximum permissible load of 3400 N is reached.
Methods: The analysis is performed on a total of 5 subjects of the same height (180 cm) and various weights (60, 70, 80, 90, 100 kg). The task is to determine at which weight and at what angle of the workbench with standard height will not exceed the permissible loads of the spine, specifically referring to the L4/L5 vertebrae whose stresses should not exceed 3400 N. The CATIA software package (Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) is used for the analysis. By knowing the anthropometric and work environment data with ergonomic design and analysis, the following analyzes were made: biomechanical analysis, rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and carry analysis (an option from CATIA software).
Results: The proposed school bench design allows for flexible adjustments to its worktop, that is, changing its tilt. This allows students of different body masses to have an optimal position at work that does not compromise their maximum permissible load in the L4/L5 spinal column (3400N).
Conclusions: The proposed ergonomic design of the desk will result in students being adequately positioned during their activities at school with the minimal risk of permanent deviations and other health problems.
Chemical Desorption versus Energy Dissipation: Insights from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics of HCO· Formation
Authors: Pantaleone Stefano , Enrique-Romero Joan , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Ugliengo Piero , Balucani Nadia , Rimola Albert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Molecular clouds are the cold regions of the Milky Way where stars form. They are enriched by rather complex molecules. Many of these molecules are believed to be synthesized on the icy surfaces of the interstellar submicron-sized dust grains that permeate the Galaxy. At 10 K thermal desorption is inefficient and, therefore, why these molecules are found in the cold gas has tantalized astronomers for years. The assumption of the current models, called chemical desorption, is that the molecule formation energy released by the chemical reactions at the grain surface is partially absorbed by the grain and the remaining energy causes the ejection of the newly formed molecules into the gas. Here we report accurate ab initio molecular dynamics simulations aimed at studying the fate of the energy released by the first reaction of the H· addition chain to CO, H· + CO

HCO·, occurring on a crystalline ice surface model. We show that about 90% of the HCO· formation energy is injected toward the ice in the first picosecond, leaving HCO· with an energy content (10–15 kJ mol−1) of less than half its binding energy (30 kJ mol−1). As a result, in agreement with laboratory experiments, we conclude that chemical desorption is inefficient for this specific system, namely H· + CO on crystalline ice. We suspect this behavior to be quite general when dealing with hydrogen bonds, which are responsible for both the cohesive energy of the ice mantle and the interaction with adsorbates, as HCO·, even though ad hoc simulations are needed to draw specific conclusions on other systems.
A Study of Millimeter Variability in FUor Objects
Authors: Wendeborn John , Espaillat Catherine C. , Macías Enrique , Fehér Orsolya , Kóspál Á. , Hartmann Lee , Zhu Zhaohuan , Dunham Michael M. , Kounkel Marina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
FU Orionis objects (FUors) are rapidly accreting, pre-main-sequence objects that are known to exhibit large outbursts at optical and near-infrared wavelengths, with post-eruption, small-scale photometric variability superimposed on longer-term trends. In contrast, little is known about the variability of FUors at longer wavelengths. To explore this further, we observed six FUor objects using the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) and for a subset of three objects we obtained coordinated observations with NOEMA and the Lowell Discovery Telescope. In combination with previously published NOEMA observations from 2014, our 2017 observations of V1735 Cyg provide the first detection of variability in an FUor object at 2.7 mm. In the absence of significant optical variability, we discount the possibility that the millimeter flux density changed as a result of irradiation from the central disk. In addition, a change in the dust mass due to infall is highly unlikely. A plausible explanation for the change in 2.7 mm flux density is variability in free–free emission due to changes in the object’s jet/wind. Thus, it may be that free–free emission in some FUor objects is significant at ∼3 mm and must be considered when deriving disk masses in order to help constrain the mechanism responsible for triggering FUor outbursts.
Infrared Dark Clouds and High-mass Star Formation Activity in Galactic Molecular Clouds
Authors: Retes-Romero R. , Mayya Y. D. , Luna A. , Carrasco L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ever since their discovery, infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are generally considered to be the sites just at the onset of high-mass (HM) star formation. In recent years, it has been realized that not all IRDCs harbor HM young stellar objects (YSOs). Only those IRDCs satisfying a certain mass–size criterion, or equivalently above a certain threshold density, are found to contain HMYSOs. In all cases, IRDCs provide ideal conditions for the formation of stellar clusters. In this paper, we study the massive stellar content of IRDCs to readdress the relation between IRDCs and HM star formation. For this purpose, we have identified all IRDCs associated with a sample of 12 Galactic molecular clouds (MCs). The selected MCs have been the target of a systematic search for YSOs in an earlier study. The cataloged positions of YSOs have been used to search all YSOs embedded in each identified IRDC. In total, we have found 834 YSOs in 128 IRDCs. The sample of IRDCs have mean surface densities of 319

M

⊙

pc

−
2

, mean mass of 1062

M

⊙

, and a mass function power-law slope −1.8, which are similar to the corresponding properties for the full sample of IRDCs and resulting physical properties in previous studies. We find that all those IRDCs containing at least one intermediate to HM young star satisfy the often-used mass–size criterion for forming HM stars. However, not all IRDCs satisfying the mass–size criterion contain HM stars. We find that the often-used mass–size criterion corresponds to 35% probability of an IRDC forming a massive star. Twenty-five (20%) of the IRDCs are potential sites of stellar clusters of mass more than 100

M

⊙

.
Orbital Modulation of Gamma Rays from PSR J2339-0533
Authors: An Hongjun , Romani Roger W. , Kerr Matthew ,   (Fermi-LAT collaboration)
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report on orbital modulation of the 100–600 MeV gamma-ray emission of the P
B = 4.6 hr millisecond pulsar binary PSR J2339−0533 using 11 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope data. The modulation has high significance (chance probability p ≈ 10−7), is approximately sinusoidal, peaks near pulsar superior conjunction, and is detected only in the low-energy 100–600 MeV band. The modulation is confined to the on-pulse interval, suggesting that the variation is in the 2.9 ms pulsed signal itself. This contrasts with the few other known systems exhibiting GeV orbital modulations, as these are unpulsed and generally associated with beamed emission from an intrabinary shock. The origin of the modulated pulsed signal is not yet clear, although we describe several scenarios, including Compton upscattering of photons from the heated companion. This would require high coherence in the striped pulsar wind.
Gravitational-wave Captures by Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham , Kremer Kyle , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) have not been detected beyond any reasonable doubt, despite their potential role as massive seeds for quasars and sources of tidal disruption events, ultraluminous X-ray sources, dwarf galaxy feedback, and hypervelocity stars. Gravitational wave (GW) observations can help to find and confirm the existence of IMBHs. Current and upcoming detectors, such as LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, LISA, ET, and DECIGO promise to identify the full range from stellar-mass to supermassive black holes. In this paper, we address the question of whether IMBHs can produce GWs in galactic nuclei. We consider the possibility that stellar black holes (SBHs) form bound systems and later coalesce with an IMBH through gravitational captures in the dense nucleus. We show that this mechanism is efficient for IMBH masses in the range

–

. We find that the typical distributions of peak frequencies and merger timescales depend mainly on the IMBH mass. In particular, the typical peak frequency is about 0.2 Hz, 0.1 Hz, 0.09 Hz, and 0.05 Hz for

,

,

, and

, respectively. Our results show that, at design sensitivity, both DECIGO and ET should be able to detect these IMBH–SBH mergers. Furthermore, most of the mergers will appear eccentric (e ≳ 0.1), providing an indication of their dynamical origin.
Dynamics of HBV Surface Antigen Related end Points in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chen Yusi , Li Justin Jinhui , Chen Rong , Li Gailing , Ji Jia 
Published: July 2020

Background In chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is regarded as a promising clinical end point associated with long-term clinical outcomes. We performed a meta-analysis to characterize the dynamics and influencing factors of HBsAg. Methods Literature search was conducted through PubMed from January 1995 to May 2015 for papers reporting HBsAg in patients receiving various antiviral treatments. We conducted weighted linear regression to select for potential influencing factors on maximum HBsAg loss percentage, and subgroup analysis to calculate the pooled estimates of maximum HBsAg loss and sero-conversion percentage following treatment of interferon (IFN), nucleoside analogue (NUC) or combination therapies (NUC+IFN), respectively. Study heterogeneity was assessed through sensitivity test and I-square statistics. Results We collected data from 24 papers involving 6,674 adult CHB patients. In most studies, average HBsAg level decreased during treatment but relapsed after treatment cessation, while HBsAg loss or seroconversion percentage continued to increase or remained stable after treatment cessation. No strong relationship was observed between maximum HBsAg change and its baseline level. The pooled estimates of maximum HBsAg loss percentage for IFN (5.3%, 2.7–7.9%) and NUC+IFN (5.2%, 3.1–7.4%) were significantly higher than that of NUC (0.93%, 0.29–1.6%). Higher maximum HBsAg loss percentage is associated with longer peak time. Pooled maximum HBsAg seroconversion percentage estimates were 1.6%, 0.56% and 6.2% for IFN, NUC and NUC+IFN. Conclusions With respect to HBsAg lowering, this meta-analysis confirmed the importance of longer treatment duration and addition of IFN, which revealed the potential value of immune-based therapies.
Sex Differences in the Clinical Profile Among Patients With Gout: Cross-sectional Analyses of an Observational Study
Authors: te Kampe Ritch , Janssen Matthijs , van Durme Caroline , Jansen Tim L. , Boonen Annelies 
Published: July 2020

Objective.Research findings in gout result predominantly from studies about men and might not be generalizable to women. To improve insight into sex differences in gout, our study compared clinical characteristics and comorbidities of female and male patients with gout, and explored the influence of menopause on these differences.Methods.Data from patients referred to 2 rheumatology clinics and diagnosed with gout were used. Clinical characteristics and comorbidities of each sex were compared univariately. Sex difference in comorbidities were further explored in multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, BMI, smoking, and alcohol consumption in both the total group and in those with gout onset ≥ 55 years (as a surrogate for menopausal state).Results.There were 954 patients, including 793 (83%) men, included. Women were on average older (65 vs 62 yrs), were more often obese (54% vs 36%), had a higher serum uric acid (sUA) level (0.53 vs 0.49 mmol/L), used diuretics more often (60% vs 30%), and consumed alcohol less frequently (47% vs 72%). Additionally, women more frequently had reduced renal function (64% vs 31%), hypertension (78% vs 56%), heart failure (23% vs 12%), and type 2 diabetes (39% vs 17%; all P < 0.05). In those with gout onset ≥ 55 years, differences in comorbidities were less pronounced and disappeared after adjusting for lifestyle.Conclusion.Our study confirmed sex differences in clinical characteristics and comorbidities among newly diagnosed patients with gout, and revealed that sex differences in comorbidities among those with gout onset beyond the age of female menopause were strongly attenuated and fully explained by lifestyle.
Biomechanical Properties of Common Carotid Arteries Assessed by Circumferential 2D Strain and β Stiffness Index in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Forsblad-d’Elia Helena , Law Lucy , Bengtsson Karin , Smeds Johan , Ketonen Maria , Sundström Björn , Ljung Lotta , Geijer Mats , Söderberg Stefan , Lindqvist Per 
Published: July 2020

Objective.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to atherosclerosis, preceded by arterial stiffness. We aimed to examine common carotid artery (CCA) biomechanical properties using ultrasound to calculate β stiffness index (indicating arterial stiffness) and, a more recently developed technique, 2-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking strain (indicating arterial motion and deformation, strain) to (1) compare with age- and sex-matched controls, and (2) analyze relationships between strain and stiffness with disease characteristics and traditional risk factors for CVD in patients with AS.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 149 patients with AS, mean age 55.3 ± 11.2 years, 102 (68.5%) men, and 146 (98%) HLA-B27–positive, were examined. Bilateral CCA were examined for circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index. A subgroup of 46 patients was compared with 46 age- and sex-matched controls, both groups without hypertensive disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke.Results.Mean bilateral circumferential 2D strain was lower in AS patients compared with controls (7.9 ± 2.6% vs 10.3 ± 1.9%, P < 0.001), whereas mean bilateral β stiffness index was higher (13.1 ± 1.7 mmHg/mm vs 12.3 ± 1.3 mmHg/mm, P = 0.02). In multivariable linear regression analyses, strain was associated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, history of anterior uveitis, and treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and/or biological DMARD (R2 0.33), while stiffness was associated with age (R2 0.19).Conclusion.Both CCA circumferential 2D strain and β stiffness index differed between patients with AS and controls. Strain was associated with AS-related factors and age, whereas only age was associated with stiffness, suggesting that the obtained results reflect different pathogenic vascular processes.
Tob2 Inhibits TLR-Induced Inflammatory Responses by Association with TRAF6 and MyD88
Authors: Jiang Guosheng , Gong Mouchun , Song Hui , Sun Wangnan , Zhao Wei , Wang Lijuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Optimal activation of TLR pathways is crucial for the initiation of inflammatory responses and eliminating invading micro-organisms. However, excessive of TLR activation may lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Thus, TLR pathways should be tightly controlled. In this study, we identify Tob2, a Tob/BTG family member, as a suppressor of TLR pathways. Tob2 deficiency enhances TLR-induced NF-κB and MAPK activation and promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in primary peritoneal macrophages of C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, Tob2-defective C57BL/6 mice may be more susceptible to endotoxemic shock in vivo. Mechanistically, Tob2 interacts with TRAF6 and MyD88 and thus inhibits signaling from the MyD88–TRAF6 complex in primary peritoneal macrophages and HEK293T cells. Therefore, our results uncover a regulatory mechanism of TLR pathways and provide a potential target for the intervention of diseases with excessive TLR activation.
Exploring Baseline Concussion-Assessment Performance in Adapted Wheelchair Sport Athletes
Authors: Moran Ryan N. , Broglio Steven P. , Francioni Karla K. , Sosnoff Jacob J. 
Published: July 2020

ContextWith growing awareness of and advocacy for including individuals with disabilities in sport, implementation of concussion-assessment and -management strategies is warranted. Limited research is available on concussion assessment in adapted wheelchair sport athletes.ObjectiveTo examine baseline symptom reporting, computerized neurocognitive testing, and a modified balance scoring system in adapted athletes. A secondary objective was to provide preliminary normative data for this population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUniversity athletic training room and computer laboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsTwenty-one athletes (age = 22.1 ± 3.0 years) from 1 institution's collegiate adapted athletics program.Main Outcome Measure(s)Athletes completed baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and the Wheelchair Error Scoring System (WESS) before the start of their respective seasons. Symptom reporting variables consisted of total symptoms, symptom severity scores, and baseline symptom factors (eg, vestibular-somatic, sleep arousal, cognitive-sensory, and affective). We analyzed ImPACT composite scores of verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor processing speed, and reaction time and impulse control to determine neurocognitive function. Balance performance was quantified using the WESS condition and overall errors.ResultsCompared with normative reference values, 17 (81%) of adapted athletes reported greater symptoms and 20 (95%) performed at or below average on at least 1 neurocognitive composite score. Mean errors on the WESS were 3.14 ± 2.9, with 81% committing ≥1 error. Sex differences were not present for symptoms, neurocognitive testing, or balance measures.ConclusionsOur findings provide context for baseline performance in adapted athletes and help to further develop the WESS as an assessment of balance in these athletes.
The Relationship of Compliance to Follow Prolanis with the Stability of Blood Sugar Levels of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Lumpue Health Center in Pare-Pare City
Authors: Syatriani Sri , Purnamawati Yenni 
Published: July 2020

Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that can cause complications to prevent complications can be done by maintaining the stability of blood sugar in people with diabetes. One of the efforts of patientss of Diabetes mellitus (DM) in maintaining the stability of blood sugar levels is to adhere to one of the Corneal Disease Management Programs (PROLANIS). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia in 2018 will reach 10.9%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of compliance to follow prolanis with the stability of blood sugar levels of patientss with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This type of research is analytic research with cross sectional study design. The sample in this study were all patientss of diabetes mellitus who participated in the prolanis activities of 40 respondents at the Lumpue Health Center in Parepare City in September 2018 - January 2019 which were selected by total sampling technique. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test. The results showed that most of the respondents included in the category of obediently followed prolanis, as many as 31 (77.5%) people and the majority with stable blood sugar, as many as 31 (77.5%) people. Relationship test results obtained p value (0,000) <α (0.05), which means there is an relationship compliance to follow Prolanis with the stability of blood sugar in patientss with diabetes mellitus in the Lumpue Health Center in Parepare City. The conclusion of this research is that there is an relationship compliance to follow Prolanis with the stability of blood sugar. Patientss with diabetes mellitus are expected to routinely participate in prolanis activities held at each puskesmas to stabilize blood sugar levels.