bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An updated overview on 2019 novel coronavirus
Authors: Mishra Sanjukta 
Published: January 2021

Coronavirus (CoV) has been associated with several infectious disease outbreak in humans in the past two decades, including Severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS-CoV] in 2002-2003 and Middle East respiratory coronavirus [MERS-CoV] in 2012. An unexpected and unexplained respiratory infection commenced at Wuhan city, China, during the end of 2019, which was named as novel coronavirus disease [2019-nCoV or COVID-19] by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is considered to be a zoonotic disease, as it has nearly similar amino acid homology to SARS-CoV. Reports have revealed an unexpected increase in number of cases worldwide (214 countries and territories along with 2 international conveyances), which intimidates the public with human to human escalation through respiratory droplets and contact routes. This pandemic was declared as a public health emergency of international concern. It follows an extremely heterogeneous course from mild Flu like symptoms [fever, cough, sore throat, dyspnoea, fatigue, headache and malaise] to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. According to epidemiological data, old age and pre-existing medical co-morbidities are considered to be the risk factors for COVIOD-19. Currently, laboratory-based "Real time-reversed transcription Polymerase chain reaction" [rtRT-PCR] remains the molecular test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis. That apart, several hematological, biochemical markers along with various inflammatory cytokines (lymphopenia, serum level of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, Interleukin-6, cardiac troponin I) may be used to assess disease severity. As of now, there have been approximately more than 36 million cases worldwide and more than one million succumbed to the illness (2.91% estimated mortality rate). Based on reports, India has become the second worst coronavirus hit country with a total number of cases reaching 68 lakhs. The dearth of selected medication (anti-CoV) and unusual transmission ability of 2019-nCoV continue to be responsible for this uninterrupted escalation. Woefully, specific vaccines are yet to come up. Treatment options like broad-spectrum antiviral Remdesivir, and oxygen therapy are being evaluated to control this unprecedented health crisis, although none of these drugs are FDA (Food and drug administration) approved. The path of this pandemic is very undetermined and unpredictable. In the present scenario, efficacious prevention needs swift action from the standpoint of public health strategies, which entails strict surveillance, rapid detection, and implementation of a containment plan to curb this outbreak. This review article highlights the updates on novel coronavirus 2019 and the uninterrupted apocalyptic progress concerning the present situation. It also highlights various perspectives of effective therapeutic strategies to restrain this viral outbreak.
Serum Paraoxonase with HDL-C as a predictor of atherosclerosis in patients of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sridevi Chaganti , Sowjanya UVPU , Kalai Selvi V. S. , Rajakumari DMM , Babu Kasi 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) is a problem in health care spread all over the world with adverse consequences. CKD is associated with premature atherosclerosis and increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular complications. Hypertriglyceridemia is a commonly seen lipid abnormality in CKD patients. PON-1 (Paraoxanase-1) is a glycoprotein synthesized in the liver and is released into the blood, where it links with HDL. This study was undertaken to find out the relation between PON-1 and HDL-C and its effect on atherosclerosis.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 123 subjects participated in the study. Serum was used for estimating the parameters such as serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) by calculation, creatinine, urea in a fully automated analyzer BS300. Serum paraoxonase-1(PON) was estimated by spectrophotometric method.
Results: The metabolic derangement was very evident in the CKD group with significantly higher creatinine, urea, and dyslipidemia, and abnormal paraoxonase activity being observed in the cases compared to controls.
Conclusion: This study suggests the need for assessing PON-1 activity, a measure of the antioxidant capacity of HDL-C which improves the predictive accuracy of atherosclerosis in CKD.
Preliminary phytochemical screening, physicochemical analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of selected Holigarna species- Endemic plant species of Western Ghats
Authors: Lokapur Vinayak , Jayakar Varsha , Shantaram Manjula 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Plants from Anacardiaceae family are used in indigenous system of medicine for their anti-arthritic, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Among them, Holigarna species are widely known as toxic members of Anacardeaceae family which are endemic to Western Ghats. It is commonly known as allergic plant which causes contact dermatitis if contacted. However, young leaves and seeds are used against haemorrhoids, obesity, and cancer and skin diseases. Despite the claims and the use of Holigarna ferrugenia, Holigarna nigra and Holigarna grahamii for the management of skin diseases in traditional medicine, little is known and documented so the aim of the study was to explore the in vitro antioxidant activity and to analyse qualitative and quantitative of phytochemicals along with their physicochemical properties.
Materials and Methods: Physicochemical parameters such as moisture, pH, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and elemental values were determined. Qualitative and quantitative analysis were carried out along with different antioxidant assays for evaluating the antioxidant activity of aqueous crude extract of H. ferrugenia, H. nigra and H. grahamii.
Results: Physicochemical analysis revealed the presence of trace elements. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins and steroids in aqueous crude extract of H. ferrugenia, H. nigra and H. grahamii. The free radical scavenging activity of all plants exhibited better antioxidant properties.
Conclusion: The results indicated that the leaves contain an appreciable number of bioactive compounds and presence of these phytochemicals, especially the phenols and flavonoids could be the reason behind the use of both plants in ethno-medicine for the management of various ailments.
Target related in silico analysis of Bergenin and tuberculosis management
Authors: Bastikar Virupaksha A. , Bastikar Alpana , Gupta Pramodkumar P. , Pai Sandeep R. , Chhajed Santosh S. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern, claiming two million lives every year. Although an oldest known human infectious disease, researcher is falling short of giving out an effective and reliable vaccine or therapy. The current antimycobacterial drugs include Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin and Pyrazinemamide available in market, but most of these are known to have certain adverse effects. Hence there is an increase in demand for natural products with anti-tuberculosis activity with no or limited side effects. Indian traditional systems of medicine have a plethora of promising plants for treatment of tuberculosis, of which Bergenin is the most well established and extensively used compound. The main aim of this research was to investigate the role of Bergenin as an anti-tuberculosis agent with the help of in-silico analysis and protein interaction studies.
Materials and Methods: In the present study 04 known 3-dimensional crystallized anti-tubercular drug target is considered and retrieved from PDB. Drug Isoniazid, Ethambutol, Rifampicin, Pyrazineamide and phytochemical Bergenin were retrieved, sketched and geometrically optimized. Molecular docking is carried to understand the binding mode and its core interactions. ADMET properties were calculated in assessment of the toxicity. Protein-protein interactions and enrichment analysis is carried out to understand the biological process involved with rpsA protein.
Results: In the present study other than Rifampicin, Bergenin reported with better binding energy and similar pharmacophoric interaction pattern as compared to all the 04 indigenous inhibitors. The PPI network and enrichment analysis predicts the plausible biological process involved with rpsA protein and can be further targeted in treatment of tuberculosis.
Conclusion: The results showed that Bergenin was better than and competent with the existing drugs and can be used as an anti-tuberculosis agent if studied in-vitro and in-vivo for its activity.
Development of a composite food using dephytinized grains through probiotic fermentation
Authors: Rajani M , Shivanna Gunashree B. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Over three billion people are malnourished globally, due to inconsistent supply of foods with essential nutrients due to presence of antinutrients in most plant foods. Phytic acid, an antinutrient in plant products binds to proteins and minerals, making them unavailable for absorption and leading to malnourishment. The present investigation aimed at screening of phytase producing probiotic strains that can reduce phytic acid content from commonly used cereals and pulses through fermentation and to develop a composite food.
Methods and Materials: Probiotic strains were isolated from probiotic capsule, curd, fruits like apple, orange, tomato, grape, pomegranate and chikoo. The isolates were then screened for production of phytase on MRS medium containing calcium phytate along with a positive strain Lactobacillus plantarum.
Results: Out of 13 strains only 2 strains were found positive for phytase (isolate 6 and 7). Preliminary biochemical studies indicated that the isolates are Lactobacillus spp. There was a considerable reduction in phytic acid content in rice, wheat, ragi, barley, green gram, horse gram, chickpea and soybean after fermentation. Lactobacillus plantarum reduced phytic acid (16.1- 90.02%) in all cereals and pulses used. However, isolate 6 could reduce 91.3% phytic acid in wheat which was significantly more than the positive control strain. A functional food was formulated using fermented cereals and pulses in the ratio 3:1 respectively.
Conclusion: Both Lactobacillus plantarum and isolate 6 showed significant results in reducing phytic acid. However, their efficacy needs to be confirmed through in-vivo studies and also sensory evaluation for superior nutritional quality and safety of the formulation.
Multilevel segmental femur fracture in young individuals treated by a single step - All in one intramedullary device – A prospective study
Authors: Loganathan Senthil , Thiyagarajan U. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Multilevel femur fracture is being encountered frequently than previously thought. The literature reports the incidence anywhere between 6-11%. Management of these fractures in isolation are technically demanding, and presence of other bone or organ involvement complicates the scenario in achieving the optimal functional results. The use of a single implant provides the technically better overlapping fixation.
Methods: Our study represents a prospective cohort study in a 2-year period, between 2017 till 2019. Twenty-six patients with multilevel femur fractures being treated by a single step all in one interlocked cephalomedullary nail were included.
Results: In our study 16 patients (88.8%) had been treated by Antegrade cephalomedullary reconstruction nail / proximal femoral nail. Healing of all the femoral fractures was without major complications or requirement of additional surgical procedures. In our study the femur fractures, on an average healed by 18 weeks.
Conclusion: For multilevel segmental femur fracture in young adults, stabilization using All-in-one device such as the intramedullary nail is recommended. Closed reduction with PFNA?long / Reconstruction nail is an effective treatment for long?segment femoral fracture with good strength in fixation, high rate of fracture union, and low rate of complications.
A histopathological review of nephrectomy specimens with an emphasis on pathological assessment of prognostic indicators in malignant lesions
Authors: Bhat Shubha P. , H.V. Krishna Prasad , T.P. Rajeev , H.L. Kishan Prasad , Srinivas Teerthanath , Shetty K. Jayaprakash 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions occur in the kidney. Pathological assessment of gross and microscopic features in nephrectomy specimens is essential for diagnosis and predicts the prognosis in malignant tumours.
Materials and Methods: Case records of 46 nephrectomy specimens received between two-year periods were retrieved. Detailed gross and histopathological and immunohistochemical features were studied, and malignant tumours were analysed using CAP protocol.
Results: Out of 46 nephrectomy specimens, 17 were non-neoplastic and 29 neoplastic. Males constituted 32 cases and females 14 cases. The commonest non-neoplastic kidney lesion was chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (29%). The mixed epithelial and stromal tumour was the frequently encountered benign tumour (50%). Renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour in adults (70%) and Wilms tumour in children (4%).
Conclusion: Histopathological examination of nephrectomy specimens helps in diagnosing, staging, and planning the management.
Extremely elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate: patient diagnoses at a tertiary Indian hospital
Authors: Moras Christol Blanch , Amin Ashima Nagesh , Kini Reshma Gopal 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Extremely elevated Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (EEESR) is the term commonly used for elevation of ESR more than or equal to 100mm in the first hour. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Indian population. Aim was to study the common etiologies of EEESR in Indian patients at a tertiary hospital.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross- sectional and descriptive study was carried out and included all patients 18 years of age and above, and who had a raised ESR of 100 mm and above at the end of 1st hour at least one time between January 2018 to December 2018 and tested at our institute. The patient’s demographic details, ESR values and diagnoses were retrieved from electronic records and were divided into 7 categories like infections, malignancy, renal diseases, autoimmune diseases, mixed diagnoses, miscellaneous and unknown.
Results: During the study period, 607 patients had EEESR. There were 335 males and 272 females. The mean age was 55 years. Within the broad categories of diseases, infection was the most common cause (52%) followed in descending order by renal diseases (12.4%), malignancy (9.6%), miscellaneous (8.4%), mixed diagnoses (7.6%), autoimmune diseases (7%) and unknown (3%). In the infection category, pneumonia was the commonest.
Conclusion: This study on frequency of common etiologies of EEESR is the first study in Indian population. Our study reaffirms findings that most patients have an underlying cause for EEESR. The commonest etiology in Indian patients is infection with pneumonia being the frequent cause.
Acute effects of prone asanas and Pal’s pranayama on myalgia, headache, psychological stress and respiratory problems in the COVID-19 patients in the recovery phase
Authors: Pal Gopal Krushna , Nanda Nivedita , Renugasundari Manoharan , Pal Pravati , Pachegaonkar Uttareshwar 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: It has been observed that recovery from COVID-19 is delayed due to continuation of myalgia, fatigue, headache and some respiratory problems even after the discharge from the hospital. Reports indicate the improvement of sensory, cardiorespiratory and psychological functions following practice of Prone asanas and Pal’s pranayama. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to assess if practice of asanas in prone posture and slow breathing exercise of Pal’s pranayama schedule can facilitate recovery from the COVID-19 illness and alleviate post-recovery complications in these patients.
Materials and Methods: This is an interventional pilot study conducted in COVID positive patients. A structured module of prone asanas and Pal’s pranayama schedule was given to the COVID positive patients in addition to the routine medical treatments and their stress levels were assessed prior to and after the practice. Also, the acute effects of asana-pranayama schedule on the improvement of cardiorespiratory functions and occurrence of other complications in the recovery phase was recorded.
Results: Following practice of asana-pranayama schedule, the patients recovered faster from myalgia, fatigue, headache and respiratory problems and they had a feeling of well-being. Further, the complications in the recovery phase of COVID-19 were prevented and the intensity of stress was reduced with the practice of asana-pranayama schedule.
Conclusion: This pilot study has shed some light on the early recovery and the prevention of complications in the recovery phase of COVID-19.
Quality and adequacy of sleep among dialysis patients
Authors: Daniel V. , Meetha S. , Jayakumar M. , Sekar Manikantan 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating illness characterized by physical, mental, socioeconomic and psychosocial disability. Being a literature has documented evidences of increased risk of depression and sleep disturbances among these patients, which indirectly affect the quality of life. The present study was carried out to evaluate the burden of depression and sleep disturbances among dialysis patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 160 patients on maintenance dialysis. A structured proforma was used to document the particulars regarding CKD care. Sleep Quality, Depression status of patients were assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Kt/V formula respectively.

Results: Hemodialysis inadequacy was prevalent among 79.4% of the participants. About 51.3% were suffering from moderate depression. Severe sleep disturbance was seen in 88.7% of the participants. The present study observed a statistically significant association between dialysis vintage and depression (p<0.05). Similar association was seen between frequency of dialysis and sleep disturbances (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disturbances and depression was higher among the maintenance hemodialysis patients receiving dialysis for more than 2 years and also with a frequency of twice a week. It may be inferred that by increasingthe frequency and the dosage of dialysis in patients the quality of sleep can be adequately improved and thereby it may lower the depressive state in patients.
Effect of battle rope training on functional movements in young adults
Authors: Jothilingam Muthukumaran , Roobha S. , Revathi R. , Paarthipan N. , Saravan Kumar S. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction and Aim: The battle rope exercise had obtained highest peak and mean VO2, highest energy expenditure and highest exercise heart rate than other exercises. There is no related evidence for Battle rope exercises by screening functional movement. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of battle rope training on functional movement screening.
Methodology: According to inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 subjects were selected. They were explained about the safety and simplicity of the procedure and by the lottery system they were divided into two groups with 15 subjects in each group. Each subject has undergone pre-test and post-test measurement of functional movement screening (FMS). Group A participants did regular set of floor exercises like pelvic bridging, bird dog exercise, cat and camel exercise for 4 weeks. Group B participants did pelvic bridging, bird dog exercise, cat and camel exercise and battle rope training for 4 weeks. The data collected and tabulated, were statistically analysed. Functional movements: 7patterns of functional movements include deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, rotary stability, active straight leg raise, shoulder mobility, and trunk stability push-up.
Results: The result of this study were statistically significant in FMS pretest and posttest with the p values (p<0.0001). Between the posttest mean and standard deviation of FMS of both group A and group B are 14.53(2.78), and15.43 (2.60) respectively. And there was a significant difference among the values (p >0.0001).
Conclusion: This study concludes that battle rope training is better than traditional floor exercises in improving functional movements among young adults because of its simulation of functional movement patterns.
El acuerdo reparatorio frente a una teoría moral republicana: apuntes desde el proceso penal chileno
Authors: Valenzuela Jonatan 
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo se enfoca en definir, asumiendo ciertos insumos teóricos del
republicanismo legal, una crítica al acuerdo reparatorio en el proceso penal chileno. Se usan
los principales valores defendidos desde la óptica republicana para dar forma a una teoría
que permita legitimar la práctica procesal penal y, en ese contexto, evaluar las condiciones
de aprobación del acuerdo reparatorio como su extensión dentro del derecho procesal.