bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Hybrid FDG-PET/MRI on Decision-Making in Presurgical Evaluation of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.
Authors: Toth Marton , Barsi Peter , Toth Zoltan , Borbely Katalin , Luckl Janos , Emri Miklos , Repa Imre , Janszky Jozsef , Doczi Tamas , Horvath Zsolt , Halasz Peter , Juhos Vera , Gyimesi Csilla , Bone Beata , Kuperczko Diana , Horvath Reka , Nagy Ferenc , Kelemen Anna , Jordan Zsofia , Ujvari Akos , Hagiwara Koichi , Isnard Jean , Pal Endre , Fekeshazy Attila , Fabo Daniel , Vajda Zsolt 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: When MRI fails to detect a potentially epileptogenic lesion, the chance of a favorable outcome after epilepsy surgery becomes significantly lower (from 60-90 % to 20-65 %). Hybrid FDG-PET/MRI may provide additional information for identifying the epileptogenic zone. We aimed to investigate the possible effect of the introduction of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI into the algorithm of the decision-making in both lesional and non-lesional drug-resistant epileptic patients. Methods: In a prospective study of patients suffering from drug-resistant focal epilepsy, 30 MRI-negative and 30 MRI-positive cases with discordant presurgical results were evaluated using hybrid FDG-PET/MRI. Results: The hybrid imaging revealed morphological lesion in 18 patients and glucose hypometabolism in 29 patients within the MRI-negative group. In the MRI positive group, 4 patients were found to be MRI-negative, and in 9 patients at least one more epileptogenic lesion was discovered, while in another 17 cases the original lesion was confirmed by means of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI. As to the therapeutic decision-making, these results helped to indicate resective surgery instead of intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring in 2 cases, to avoid any further invasive diagnostic procedures in 7 patients, and to refer 21 patients for iEEG in the MRI-negative group. Hybrid FDG-PET/MRI has also significantly changed the original therapeutic plans in the MRI-positive group. Prior to the hybrid imaging, a resective surgery was considered in 3 patients, and iEEG was planned in 27 patients. However, 3 patients became eligible for resective surgery, 6 patients proved to be inoperable instead of iEEG, and 18 cases remained candidates for iEEG due to the hybrid FDG-PET/MRI. Two patients remained candidates for resective surgery and one patient became not eligible for any further invasive intervention. Conclusions: The results of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI significantly altered the original plans in 19 of 60 cases. The introduction of hybrid FDG-PET/MRI into the presurgical evaluation process had a potential modifying effect on clinical decision-making.Trial registration: Trial registry: Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the Medical Research Council of Hungary. Trial registration number: 008899/2016/OTIG. Date of registration: 08 February 2016.
Intraoperative Monitoring of Visual Evoked Potentials in Patients Undergoing Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ahmed Farizeh , Cabrilo Ivan , Bal Jarnail , Sanders Brett , Grieve Joan , Dorward Neil L , Marcus Hani J 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTranssphenoidal surgery is the gold standard for pituitary adenoma resection. Although rare, a serious complication of surgery is worsened vision post-operatively. ObjectiveTo determine whether, in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma, intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a safe, reproducible and effective technological adjunct in predicting postoperative visual function. MethodsThe MEDLINE database was searched between January 1993 and June 2019 to identify publications that (1) featured patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma, (2) used intraoperative optic nerve monitoring with VEP and (3) reported on safety or effectiveness. Reference lists were cross-checked and expert opinion sought to identify further publications. ResultsTen studies were included comprising nine case series and one cohort study. All employed techniques to improve reliability. No safety issues were reported. The only comparative study included described a statistically significant improvement in post-operative visual field testing when VEP monitoring was used. The remaining case-series varied in conclusion. In nine studies, surgical manipulation was halted in the event of a VEP amplitude decrease suggesting a widespread consensus that this is a warning sign of injury to the anterior optic apparatus. ConclusionsDespite limited and low-quality published evidence regarding intra-operative VEP monitoring, our review suggests that it is a safe, reproducible and increasingly effective technique of predicting postoperative visual deficits. Further studies specific to transsphenoidal surgery are required to determine its utility in protecting visual function in the resection of complex pituitary tumours, and of other tumours in the anterior skull base.
Young Adult Cancer Risk Behaviours Originate in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis using ALSPAC, a UK birth Cohort Study
Authors: Wright Caroline , Heron Jon , Kipping Ruth R , Hickman Matthew , Campbell Rona , Martin Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and there is strong evidence that physical inactivity is associated with cancer. These cancer risk behaviours co-occur however little is known about how they pattern longitudinally across adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from ALSPAC, a prospective population-based UK birth cohort study, we explored patterns of adolescent cancer risk behaviours and their associations with cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Methods: 6,351 people (46.0% of ALSPAC participants) provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at one time during adolescence, 1,951 provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at all time points. Our exposure measure was a continuous score summarising cumulative exposure to cancer risk behaviours and longitudinal latent classes summarising distinct categories of adolescents exhibiting similar patterns of behaviours, between age 11 and 18 years. Using both exposure measures, odds of harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C ≥8),daily tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥4), obesity (BMI ≥30), high waist circumference (females: ≥80cm and males: ≥94cm, and high waist-hip ratio (females: ≥0.85 and males: ≥1.00) at age 24 were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results: We found distinct groups of adolescents characterised by consistently high and consistently low engagement in cancer risk behaviours. After adjustment, adolescents in the top quartile had greater odds of all outcomes in early adulthood: nicotine dependency (odds ratio, OR=5.37, 95% confidence interval, CI=3.64-7.93); daily smoking (OR=5.10, 95% CI =3.19-8.17); obesity (OR=4.84, 95% CI=3.33-7.03); high waist circumference (OR=2.48, 95% CI=1.94-3.16); harmful drinking (OR=2.04, 95% CI=1.57-2.65); and high waist-hip ratio (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.30-2.71), compared to the bottom quartile. In latent class analysis, adolescents characterised by consistently high-risk behaviours throughout adolescence were at higher risk of all cancer risk behaviours at age 24, except harmful drinking.Conclusions: Exposure to adolescent cancer risk behaviours greatly increased the odds of cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Interventions to reduce these behaviours should target multiple rather than single risk behaviours and should focus on adolescence.
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a prospective study focused on thyroid hormones and functional outcome
Authors: Ji Tuo , Huang Zhi , Lian Yajun , Wang Chengze , Zhang Qiaoman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We aimed to investigate the association between thyroid hormones and functional outcome in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. 137 consecutive inpatients (2016-2019) were registered prospectively and followed up for 12 months. 96 eligible patients were included in the study. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 3-6 was defined as poor functional outcome. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The patients were classified into 3 subgroups based on their free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels, and the subgroup differences were analyzed by parametric or nonparametric tests as appropriate. We found that the fT3 value upon admission was correlated with functional outcome (P=0.004), and this effect remained significant after adjustment for age, gender, tumor presence and consciousness declination. Patients in the low-fT3 subgroup had a higher disease severity during the acute phase, represented by greater maximum mRS scores during hospitalization (P=0.011) and higher percentages of intense care unit admission (p<0.001). In Conclusion,the relatively low fT3 value is associated with a poor functional outcome. Besides, patients with relatively low fT3 tend to have a higher disease severity during the acute phase. Our preliminary data suggest that the fT3 value might serve as a potential predictor of functional outcome in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
Gadollium Nanoparticles Delivery for Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Diagnosis Ablation of Thyroid Cancer Therapy
Authors: Qi Ming , Zhu Yufeng , Wang Wenjuan , Gao Shufeng , Nie Sihui , Wang Ke , Guo Lingling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chemotherapeutic efficacy can be significantly developed nanotheranostics systems of drug delivery in tumor cells. In this work, we have demonstrated that the self-assembled by C225 conjugates Gd-PFH-NPs (C-Gd-PFH-NPs) for low intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis ablation of thyroid cancer treatment. C-Gd-PFH-NPs have shown excellent stability in PBS. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also exposed the effective construction of C-Gd-PFH-NPs with commonly spherical sized assemblies. The incubation of the C625 thyroid carcinoma with C-Gd-PFH-NPs triggers apoptosis, which was confirmed by the flowcytometry analysis. The C-Gd-PFH-NPs, with remarkably displays the potent antitumor efficacy in a human C625 thyroid carcinoma xenografts. A histopathological result reveals that precisely achieved to additional confirm these outcomes. Further, we successfully examined the efficiency of C-Gd-PFH-NPs when used the thyroid carcinoma low intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis imaging (LIFUS) in vivo. These findings clearable for LIFUS agents with high performing image and different therapeutic purpose will have extensive possible for the future biomedical purposes.
Enhanced Impact-Resistance of Aeronautical Quasi-Isotropic Composite Plates Through Diffused Water Molecules in Epoxy
Authors: Ahmad Furqan , Abbassi Fethi , Ul-Islam Mazhar , JACQUEMIN Frédéric , Hong Jung-Wuk 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to elucidate the hygroscopic effects on impact-resistance of carbon fiber/epoxy quasi-isotropic composite plates, low-velocity impact tests are conducted on dry and hygroscopically conditioned plates, respectively, under identical configurations. For the impact tests, plates were immersed in the hot water at 80 °C to absorb a different amount of moisture content (MC). Experimental results reveal that the presence of the MC plays a pivotal role by improving the impact-resistance of composite plates. Plates with higher percentage of MC could behave elastically to a larger strain, yielding larger deflection under impact loading. From SEM fractographies, it is observed that small disbanding grows at the interface of epoxy and carbon fiber due to absorbed MC. After absorbing MC, most of impact enegy is dissipated in hygroscopic conditioned composite plates throught elastic deformation and overall less damage is induced in wet composite plates compare to the dry plate. We can postulate that the presence of MC increases the elastic limit as well as ductility of the epoxy by promoting chain segmental mobility of the polymer molecules, which eventually leads to the enhancement of the impact-resistance of wet quasi-isotropic composite plates in comparison with the dry plate.
Transcriptomic and Systematic Analyses Reveal TabZIP Family Members Involved in the Response to Different Concentrations of Auxin in Wheat Root
Authors: Xinyu Tian , Yan Fang , Ziyao Jia , Zhonghua Wang , Jun Wang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Auxin involved in many aspects of root development and physiology which is considered a potential target for improving crop quality and yield. Yet, there has been no systematic investigation on roots underlying the response to different concentrations of auxin. This study evaluated the effects of different concentrations of auxin on the wheat root transcriptome. We also investigated the wheat bZIP transcription factor family and preliminarily analyzed the structural function of the members responding to different concentrations of auxin.
Results

In response to 1 µM auxin, 308 and 326 genes whose expression were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, were identified in wheat roots. However, there were 6118 and 2333 genes whose expression were downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in response to 50 µM auxin. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the inhibitory effect of 1 µM auxin in roots manifested as an enrichment of the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and glutathione metabolism pathways. Enrichment of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant-pathogen interaction pathways in response to 50 µM auxin indicated a stress response. In addition, A total of 176 TabZIP genes were identified from the wheat genome and gene structure and protein motif analyses indicated that closely clustered TabZIP genes were relatively conserved within each subgroup. There are 4 TabZIPs were downregulated in response to 1 µM auxin, 17 TabZIPs were downregulated and 4 TabZIPs were upregulated in response to 50 µM auxin through the transcriptome data. These auxin-responsive TabZIP genes may be used as candidate genes for root regulation.
Conclusions

The results revealed that the transcriptomes underlying the root regulation in response to these two auxin concentrations were different. These findings provide a comprehensive molecular framework of the auxin regulatory network as well as potential key genes for improving the wheat root system to optimize its absorption of water and nutrients, and finally improve wheat quality and yield.
Expression of IL4Rα&nbsp;and IL13Rα1&nbsp;Are Associated With Poor Prognosis of Soft-tissue Sarcoma of the Extremities, Superficial Trunk, and Retroperitoneum&nbsp;
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Hussein Usama Khamis , Park See-Hyoung , Moon Young Jae , Zhang Zhongkai , Ahmed Asmaa Gamal , Ahn Ae-Ri , Park Ho Sung , Kim Jung Ryul , Jang Kyu Yun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIL4Rα and IL13Rα1 are constituents of the type II IL4 receptor. Recently, IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 were reported to have roles in cancer progression and suggested as potential prognostic markers. However, studies on IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 in soft-tissue sarcomas have been limited. MethodsThis study investigated the expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 in 89 soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities, superficial trunk, and retroperitoneum. ResultsIn human soft-tissue sarcomas, immunohistochemical expression of IL4Rα was significantly associated with IL13Rα1 expression. Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 were significantly associated with shorter survival of soft-tissue sarcoma patients in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis indicated that nuclear expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 were independent indicators of shorter overall survival (IL4Rα; p = 0.002, IL13Rα1; p = 0.016) and relapse-free survival (IL4Rα; p = 0.022, IL13Rα1; p < 0.001) of soft-tissue sarcoma patients. Moreover, the co-expression pattern of nuclear IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 was an independent indicator of shorter survival of soft-tissue sarcoma patients (overall survival; overall p < 0.001, relapse-free survival; overall p < 0.001). ConclusionsThis study suggests IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 are associated with the progression of soft-tissue sarcoma, and the expression of IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 might be novel prognostic indicators of soft-tissue sarcoma patients.
Ammonia-Induced Energy Metabolism Disorder and Autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway in Chicken Livers
Authors: Li Zhuo , Miao Zhiying , Ding Linlin , Bao Jun , Teng Xiaohua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAmmonia (NH3) is a well-known environmental pollution gas, threatening human health. NH3 is also the most harmful gas to poultry for many years. Some studies have found NH3 can damage eyes, respiratory system, and digestive system. However, molecular mechanism of NH3 toxicity on chicken livers remains unclear. MethodsIn this study, we selected chicken liver as research object and successfully duplicated NH3 poisoning model of chickens. The ultrastructure of chicken livers was observed. The activities of ATPases (Na+K+-ATPase, Mg++-ATPase, Ca++-ATPase, and Ca++Mg++-ATPase) and the expression of energy metabolism-related genes (HK1, HK2, PK, PFK, PDHX, CS, LDHA, LDHB, AMPK, SDHA, SDHB, and avUCP) and autophagy-related genes (PI3K, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, SQSTM1, mTOR, ULK1, ATG5, ATG12, and ATG13) were measured to explore the effect of NH3 on energy metabolism and autophagy in chicken livers.ResultsOur results showed that excess NH3 caused liver tissue damage. Meanwhile, ATPases activities were inhibited during NH3 treatment. Moreover, we found that NH3 exposure altered the expression of energy metabolism-related and autophagy-related genes. NH3-induced compensatory increase of AMPK activated autophagy process through inhibiting mTOR and promoting ULK1. In addition. there was dose-dependent and time-dependent effects on all detected indexes in NH3-caused chicken liver damage. ConclusionExcess NH3 induced energy metabolism disorder and autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in chicken livers.
Anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray of L5 lamina for screening of possibility of lower lumbar disc herniation in young adults
Authors: Jin Lin , Zhang Li , Guo Jialiang , Zhang Ruipeng , Yin Yingchao , Hou Zhiyong , Zhang Yingze 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Plain radiographs are rarely used in the imaging evaluation of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). The L5 lamina is the important skeletal structure at the back of the lower lumbar vertebra. This study investigated the association between the height of L5 lamina under anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray and lower LDH, to determine its significance to the onset of LDH in young adults.Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 160 patients aged 18 to 39 years with lower LDH and 160 healthy controls. The anteroposterior lumbar spine X-ray was used to image features of the L5 lamina. The height of L5 lamina (“h”) and of the space between L4 and S1 lamina (“H”) were measured. The difference in height of L5 lamina in each study group was assessed as the ratio of “h/H”. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age, occupation type, body mass index (BMI), family history or smoking status (p>0.05) between LDH group and the control group. The mean ratio (95% CI) of “h/H” in LDH and control group was 0.28 (0.26, 0.31) and 0.35 (0.32, 0.38) respectively, with statistical difference (p<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of “h/H” ratio was investigated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve was 0.835 (95% CI 0.789, 0.881), using a cut-off of 0.315 (sensitivity 0.806, specificity 0.794). A decrease in the “h/H” ratio, showed an increasing linear trend in the protrusion proportion of L4/5 segments (Z=5.943, p<0.05).Conclusions: Young adults with developmental defects of L5 lamina are more likely to develop lower LDH. Assessment of “h/H” ratio could be used for screening or prediction of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic lower LDH in young adults.
Role of a Novel Insulin Resistance Index based on Combined Levels of C-peptide and Insulin in Assessment of the Heterogeneity of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dai Hao , Fu Qi , Chen Heng , Zhang Mei , Sun Min , Gu Yong , Shi Yun , Yang Tao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The C-peptide-to-insulin ratio (C/I) is associated with hepatic insulin clearance and insulin resistance. We established a novel C-peptide-to-insulin ratio index (CPIRI) and explored its application in the heterogeneity of non-autoimmune diabetes.Methods A total of 865 adults diagnosed with new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) within 1 year and 54 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Our CPIRI model was established with fasting C/I as the independent variable and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as the dependent variable. Patients with negative-autoantibodies against pancreatic islets were subclassified according to CPIRI, age of onset , hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) via cluster analysis.Results Fasting C/I and HOMA-IR in both diabetic and healthy subjects were hyperbolically correlated, and log(C/I) and log(HOMA-IR) were linearly and negatively correlated; the correlation coefficient was −0.83 (P = 0.000) and −0.76 (P = 0.000), respectively. Finally, we obtained the equations CPIRI(DM) = 670/(C/I) 2.24 + 0.25 and CPIRI(HC) = 670/(C/I) 2.24 − 1 (F = 1904.39, P = 0.000). Pancreatic islet autoantibody-negative patients were further subclassified into three subtypes; subtype 1 (13.8%) had severe insulin resistance, subtype 2 (42.1%) suffered elderly-onset DM with slight symptoms, and subtype 3 (44.1%) suffered severe dysfunction of pancreatic islets. Each subtype exhibited different clinical characteristics and complications.Conclusions CPIRI can be used to effectively evaluate insulin resistance. Adult-onset non-autoimmune diabetes can be subclassified into 3 subtypes according to CPIRI along with other symptom-based characteristics of diabetic progression.
Improved adulticidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.), and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), from synergy between Cinnamomum spp. essential oils
Authors: Aungtikun Jirapon , Soonwera Mayura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Improved natural adulticidal agents against mosquito vectors are in urgent need, and essential oils from Cinnamomum plants can assume this role quite readily. Cinnamomum verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the barks and evaluated for their chemical composition by GC-MS. The major constituent of the three EOs was cinnamaldehyde. WHO susceptibility tests on individual and combined EOs as well as cinnamaldehyde were conducted against female adults of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. All EO combinations exhibited a synergistic effect, manifesting a higher toxicity, with a synergistic value ranging from 2.9-6.7. Their increasing mortality value was improved between 16.0 to 41.7%. The highest synergistic effect was achieved by an EO combination of 0.5% C. cassia + 0.5% C. loureiroi, while the highest insecticidal activity was achieved by 2.5% C. verum + 2.5% C. cassia and 1% cinnamaldehyde, with a knockdown and mortality rate of 100% and a KT50 between 0.7-2.1 min. This combination was more toxic to both mosquito species than 1% w/v cypermethrin. These findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde and synergistic combinations of C. verum + C. cassia EOs and C. cassia + C. loureiroi EOs have a high insecticidal efficacy against Aedes populations.