bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV Preventive Behaviors and Associated Among Gold Mining Workers in Dima District, Southwest Ethiopia, 2019: Community Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nigussie Tadesse , Qanche Qaro , Yosef Tewodros , Wondimu Wondimagegn , Asefa Adane 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is increasing over time, leading to a significant number of life losses. According to the USAID 2018 report, 36.9 million (35.1 million adults) people globally were living with HIV, 1.8 million people became newly infected with HIV, and 940 000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2017. Mining workers are at high risk of acquiring HIV and infecting others, while successful preventive m easures are a key solution. Objective: To assess HIV preventive behaviors among gold mining workers in Dima district, southwest Ethiopia, 2019Methods and materials: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to 31st, 2019. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The collected data were coded and entered into Epidata version 4.2.0.101, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software. A binary logistic regression was conducted to determine the association using odds ratios at 95% confidence intervals. A P-value of less than 0.05 considered as the level of significance for HIV preventive behaviors. Results: Of 279 (61.3%) of the respondents have good practices of HIV prevention. Factors associated with good preventive practice were not alcohol drinkers (AOR= 2.86, 95%CI:1.30-6.29), not chew Khat (AOR= 2.09, 95%CI: 1.09-4.02), having good knowledge about HIV (AOR=1.81, CI:1.16-2.83), favorable attitude towards HIV prevention (AOR=4.76, 95%CI:3.02-7.49), and high perceived susceptibility to HIV were (AOR=2.63, 95%CI:1.63-4.24).Conclusion: Only about 61% of the mining workers in the study area were practiced HIV preventive behaviors. Not alcohol drinkers, having good knowledge about HIV, having a favorable attitude toward HIV prevention, and having high perceived susceptibility to HIV were factors associated with the practice of HIV preventive behaviors. Efforts have to be made by local governments and other concerned bodies to increase preventive behavior.
Rational Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia Coli for High-yield L-serine Production
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Wu Junjun , Wang Lei , Chen Xiaojia , Li Qinyu , Li Li , Ma Xinxin , Shi Jiping , Zhao Zhijun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: L-serine is widely used in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, and direct fermentation of L-serine from glucose is an attractive technique. However, L-serine producers have historically been developed via classical random mutagenesis due to the complicated metabolic network and regulatory mechanism of L-serine production, leading to un-optimal productivity and yield of L-serine and thus limiting its large-scale industrial production. Result: In this study, a high-yield and high-productivity Escherichia coli strain was constructed by a defined genetic modification methodology for L-serine production. First, L-serine-mediated feedback inhibition was removed and L-serine biosynthetic pathway genes (serAfr, serC and serB) associated with phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) were overexpressed. Secondly, L-serine conversion pathway was further examined by introducing a glyA mutation (K229G) and deleting other degrading enzymes based on deletion of initial sdaA. Finally, the L-serine transport system was rationally engineered to reduce the uptake and accelerate the export of L-serine. The optimally engineered strain produced 35 g/L L-serine with a productivity of 0.98 g/L/h and yield of 0.42 g/g glucose in a 5-L fermenter, the highest productivity and yield of L-serine from glucose reported to date. Transcriptome and intermediate metabolite were analyzed to further understand the regulatory mechanism of L-serine production. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that combined metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies can improve L-serine productivity and yield, thus providing basic principles for rationally designing of high-yield production strains and paving the way for towards a simple and economical process for industrial L-serine production.
Improving Citric acid Production of an Industrial Aspergillus Niger CGMCC 10142: Identification and Overexpression of a High-affinity Glucose Transporter with Different Promoters
Authors: Xue Xianli , Bi Futi , Liu Boya , Li Jie , Zhang Lan , Zhang Jian , Gao Qiang , Wang Depei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The transporter of glucose plays an important role in the fermentation of citric acid. In this research, a high-affinity glucose transporter (HGT1) was identified and overexpressed in industrial strain A. niger CGMCC 10142. The overexpressed-HGT1 strains were obtained to verify the glucose transporter functions with different promoters PglaA and Paox1.Result: The sugar contents and citric acid production during fermentation were tracked. As speculated, the HGT1-overexpressed strains showed higher citric acid production and lower residual sugar contents. The best-performing strain on the fermentation is A. niger 20-15 transformant of which the total sugar content and residual reducing sugar both were reduced by 31% and 44.9% comparing to A. niger CGMCC 10142, and the final citric acid production was correspondingly increased to 174.1 g/L comparing to A. niger CGMCC 10142 with 162.3 g/L. Besides HGT1, the transcription levels of related genes as citrate synthase and glucokinase in transformants were also significantly higher than A. niger CGMCC 10142.Conclusion: The results indicate that HGT1 understandably alleviates the metabolic restriction caused by insufficient sugar transporters and finally improves the utilization of sugar. This study confirms the important role of glucose transporter HGT1 in the citric acid fermentation process of Aspergillus niger.
Application of PDCA Cycle Management for Postgraduate Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gu Shixian , Zhang Aijing , Huo Gang , Yuan Wenqing , Li Yan , Han Jiangli , Shen Ning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has had an enormous impact on various industries around the world. As postgraduate students in clinical medicine have both student and resident identity characteristics, Peking University Third Hospital (PUTH), as a university-affiliated hospital for cultivating future medical talent, has been facing unprecedented challenges in regard to the management of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the management effect from PDCA cycle management on postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: The methods of document review, questionnaire surveys and interviews were used to continuously improve the management measures of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the PDCA cycle.Results: Investigations were conducted on the management system, back-to-school arrangements, COVID-19 prevention and control training, online teaching, mentoring, laboratory management, dissertation progress, and emotional state of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that strengthening public health management knowledge training, increasing infectious-disease-related knowledge training, innovating online teaching methods, improving PDCA management model maps, and formulating improvement programmes are conducive to improving the quality of such management.Conclusion: Aiming at the difficult problems involved in the management of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, managers need to comprehensively consider and conduct overall planning and use the PDCA management model to improve the management of postgraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Change in Ankle Joint Laxity and General Joint Laxity During the Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Yamasaki Tomomi , Maruyama Sae , Sato Yuki , Suzuki Yukako , Shimizu Sohei , kaneko Fumiya , Ikezu Masahiro , Matsuzawa Kanta , Edama Mutsuaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between ankle joint laxity and general joint laxity (GJL) in relation to the menstrual cycle, which was divided into four phases based on basal body temperature and ovulation, assessed using an ovulation kit. Methods: Subjects were 14 female college students aged >20 years and with normal menstrual cycles. Anterior drawer stress to a magnitude of 120 N was applied for all subjects. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) length was measured as the linear distance (mm) between its points of attachment on the lateral malleolus and talus. Data on ATFL length from each subject were used to calculate each subject’s normalized length change with anterior drawer stress (AD%). The University of Tokyo method was used for evaluation of GJL. AD% and GJL were measured once in each menstrual phase. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between AD% in each phase. GJL score was significantly higher in the ovulation and luteal phases compared with the early follicular phase. AD% and GJL showed a positive correlation with each other in the ovulation phase.Conclusions: Although it is unclear whether estrogen receptors are present in the ATFL, the present study suggests that women with high GJL scores might be more sensitive to the effects of estrogen, resulting in ATFL length change in the ovulation phase.
Acute Pancreatitis as an Uncommon Complication of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review .
Authors: Mahmoud Ahmed Ben , Atri Souhaib , Rebai Wael , Maghrebi Houcine , Makni Amin , Kacem Montasser 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHydatid disease is a major health problem worldwide. The liver is the most frequent location of hydatid disease. Acute pancreatitis secondary to liver hydatid cyst ruptured in the biliary tract is scarce and fewly described in literature. The management of this pancreatic complication of liver hydatid disease is challenging and includes a combination of surgical and endoscopic approaches. We report herein a rare case of hydatid cyst of the liver with cysto-biliary communication revealed by acute pancreatitis. A systematic literature review of similar cases reported was provided to compare surgical and endoscopic techniques. Case presentationA thirty-year-old woman was referred to our emergency unit for acute epigastric pain evolving for four days. We found fever associated with epigastric guarding on physical examination. Laboratory tests showed inflammatory biological syndrome with frankly high serum lipase level and abnormal liver tests. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was set. We decided then to perform an abdominal ultrasound that showed dilatation of intra and extrahepatic biliary tracts without gallbladder stones. A cystic mass of the left liver was additionally found. On CT-scan, we found a C grade acute pancreatitis. Furthermore, a hydatid cyst of the left liver ruptured in the biliary tracts and daughter vesicles within were found. We decided then to perform an emergency surgery through a bisoucostal incision. We performed a cholecystectomy and a peroperative that showed the communication between the cyst and left biliary tracts and the presence of daughter vesicle within the common bile duct. We conducted an exploration of the common bile duct with extraction of vesicle daughters. We left behind a T-tube in the common bile duct and we sutured the cysto-biliary fistula. Drainage was left in the remnant cavity after unroofing the cyst. Postoperative course was uneventful. Six months follow-up showed no recurrence.ConclusionCysto-biliary communication of liver hydatid disease revealed by acute pancreatitis is uncommon. We chose to perform emergency open surgery. However, through a systematic literature review, we noticed that endoscopic treatment is an efficient therapeutic and diagnostic tool to delay a morbid surgery of the liver and the common bile duct.
Discharge From the Trauma Hospital as A Transition Into Insecurity, - Experiences Among Physical Trauma Survivors
Authors: Finstad Jeanette , Røise Olav , Rosseland Leiv Arne , Clausen Thomas , Havnes Ingrid Amalia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Physical trauma is associated with mortality, long-term pain and morbidity. Effective pain management is fundamental in trauma care and opioids are indispensable for treating acute pain; however, the use and misuse of prescribed opioids is an escalating problem. Despite this, few studies have been directed towards trauma patients in an early phase of rehabilitation with focusing on experiences and perspectives of health and recovery including pain and persistent use of prescribed opioids with abuse potential. To explore pre- and post-discharge trauma care experiences, including exposure to opioids, physical trauma survivors were recruited from a major trauma center in Norway that provides the highest level of surgical trauma care. Method: Qualitative exploratory study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted among 13 trauma patients with orthopedic injuries, known to be associated with severe pain, six weeks post-discharge. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed with an interdisciplinary approach. Results: The overarching theme was that discharge from the trauma hospital and the period that immediately followed were associated with feelings of insecurity. The three main themes that were identified as contributing to this was a) unmet information needs about the injury, b) exposure to opioids, and c) lack of follow-up after discharge from the hospital. Participants experienced to be discharged with prescribed opioids, but without information about their addictive properties or tapering plans. This, and lack of attention to mental health and psychological impact of trauma, gave rise to unmet treatment needs of pain management and mental health problems during hospitalization and following discharge. Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that in addition to delivery of high-quality biomedical trauma care, health professionals should direct more attention to psychosocial health and safe pain management, including post-discharge opioid tapering and individually tailored follow-up plans for physical trauma survivors.
A 24-Year-Old Female With Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Case Report.
Authors: Steeman Antoine , Andriescu Ionut-Adrian , Mazairac Guy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a form of autoimmune encephalitis with paraneoplastic and nonparaneoplastic origin. Patients with this disease usually arrive at the intensive care unit without any diagnosis or with complications as a result of a delayed diagnosis. This disease is not well known and is underdiagnosed. Due to the variability of the initial symptoms and the lack of knowledge regarding these symptoms, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is not only underdiagnosed but also can be misdiagnosed as viral encephalitis or other pathologies. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis preferentially affects children (from 8 months) and young adults, and it has a male/female ratio of 1/4. In case of clinical suspicion, electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are useful. The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of IgG antibodies directed against NMDA receptors in serum and CSF. Treatment for this disease includes immunosuppression and tumour resection when indicated.Case presentation: We report the case of a 24-year-old female admitted to the emergency room following the onset of acute confusion. Due to the rapid deterioration of consciousness and swallowing disorders, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit. On day 23 after presentation, MRI suggested autoimmune limbic encephalitis. Serologic and CSF results were positive for anti-NMDA antibodies. After IV methylprednisolone therapy and plasmapheresis and a second line therapy with corticosteroid therapy and mycophenolic acid, the patient’s clinical condition gradually improved.Conclusions: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis typically occurs in young patients with no history of acute psychiatric symptoms. The possibility of this pathology should be taken into account before diagnosing a patient with a psychiatric illness.
Identification of Potential Immunogenic Molecules During the Allogeneic Transplantation of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Fu Yi , Fan Junfen , Li Chao , Xu Yi , Chen Hui , Hu Yu , Cao Hongcui , Zhao Robert Chunhua , He Wei , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Given their low immunogenicity and multiple differentiation capacities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to be used for “off-the-shelf” cell therapy. However, MSC allorejection indicates that they are not fully immune privileged. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of human adipose-derived MSCs (Ad-MSCs) and identified potential immunogenic molecules.Methods: To evaluate the immunogenicity of human Ad-MSCs in vivo, cells were transplanted into humanized mice (hu-mice), and T cell infiltration and clearance of human Ad-MSCs were observed by immunofluorescence and bioluminescence imaging. One-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of human Ad-MSCs in vitro. High-throughput TCR repertoire sequencing and mass spectrometry were applied to identify potential immunogenic molecules.Results: Allogeneic human Ad-MSCs recruited T cells during transplantation and caused faster clearance in hu-mice than NOD/ShiLtJGpt-Prkdcem26Cd52Il2rgem26Cd22/Gpt (NSG) mice. The proliferation and activation of T cells was significantly enhanced by human Ad-MSCs, and the expression level of HLA-II on human Ad-MSCs was dramatically increased after coculture with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. In addition, upregulated expression of alpha-enolase (ENO1) on the surface of human Ad-MSCs increased their immunogenicity, and ENO1 inhibitor treatment decreased the human Ad-MSC triggered proliferation of T cells in vitro.Conclusions: We further confirmed the immunogenicity of human Ad-MSCs during allogeneic transplantation and provided a potential target, ENO1, for the safe clinical application of allogeneic human Ad-MSC therapy.
Blinded to Their Own Daily Sufferings: the Lived Experience of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Ethiopia
Authors: Tamire Mulugeta , Worku Aschalew , Addissie Adamu , Ayele Samuel , Haile Tewodros , Bekele Amsalu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Worldwide, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be an important contributor to morbidity, mortality and health-care costs. In Ethiopia, the physical, financial, emotional, social and religious life of patients living with COPD is poorly understood, information crucial for physicians in developing treatment strategies and government agencies in planning community support services. This study, the first of its kind, was designed to initiate understanding of the personal burden of living with COPD in Ethiopia.Methods: This was a qualitative research study using a phenomenographic approach. Twelve recruited COPD patients underwent in-depth interviews using a semi-structured open-ended interview guide. All audio-records were transcribed verbatim and translated to English for analysis using Atlas.ti software.Results: There were seven men and five women, whose ages ranged from 45 to 78 years. One male participant was a former smoker and one female participant had second-hand cigarette exposure. All 12 participants were unaware of their COPD diagnosis despite experiencing chronic symptoms of cough and shortness of breath, unresponsive to treatment, which affected their physical, financial, emotional, social and religious life. In addition, all participants attempted a variety of coping strategies to deal with their respiratory disease and many were optimistic about their future living with the disease. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate an urgent need for improved awareness, diagnosis and treatment of COPD patients to lessen the burden of those living with the disease and more judiciously, utilize available resources in Ethiopia.
Exploration and Validation of Hub Genes and Pathways in the Progression of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome via Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Liu Xuelan , Shang Honglei , Li Bin , Zhao Liyun , Hua Ying , Wu Kaiyuan , Hu Manman , Fan Taibing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: Despite significant progress in surgical treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), its mortality and morbidity are still high. Little is known about the molecular abnormalities of the syndrome. In this study, we aimed to probe into hub genes and key pathways in the progression of the syndrome.Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in left ventricle (LV) or right ventricle (RV) tissues between HLHS and controls using the GSE77798 dataset. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed and key modules were constructed for HLHS. Based on the genes in the key modules, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were conducted, and hub genes and key pathways were screened. Finally, the GSE23959 dataset was used to validate hub genes between HLHS and controls.Results: 88 and 41 DEGs were identified for LV and RV tissues between HLHS and controls, respectively. DEGs in LV tissues of HLHS were distinctly involved in heart development, apoptotic signaling pathway and ECM receptor interaction. DEGs in RV tissues of HLHS were mainly enriched in BMP signaling pathway, regulation of cell development and regulation of blood pressure. A total of 16 co-expression network were constructed. Among them, black module (r=0.79 and p-value=2e-04) and pink module (r=0.84 and p-value=4e-05) had the most significant correlation with HLHS, indicating that the two modules could be the most relevant for HLHS progression. We identified five hub genes in the black module (including Fbn1, Itga8, Itga11, Itgb5 and Thbs2), and five hub genes (including Cblb, Ccl2, Edn1, Itgb3 and Map2k1) in the pink module for HLHS. Their abnormal expression was verified in the GSE23959 dataset. Conclusion: Our findings revealed hub genes and key pathways for HLHS through WGCNA, which could play key roles in the molecular mechanism of HLHS.