bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No dia do julgamento... de costas para a história!
Authors: Ferraz Deise Luiza Da Silva 
Published: October 2020

O Julgamento foi título que atribuí à imagem que sempre me observa quando transito entre a Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas e a Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Esta arte do movimento Graffiti está repleta de informações e a mensagem que salta aos olhos é a inexistência de neutralidade no julgamento daquilo que se faz nas universidades. Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão estão conectados a um projeto de universidade e este projeto atende a determinados interesses, cujos destinatários estão muito bem retratados na imagem. Por outro lado, nós, a comunidade acadêmica, longe de sermos neutros, também compomos contribuindo, às vezes mais às vezes menos, com tal projeto. Em verdade, na imediaticidade da vida, os destinatários nos julgam. Julgam à quem vai a verba de pesquisa, julgam à quem vai a bolsa de estudo, mas ainda haveremos de ser julgados pela história, por nos abstermos que questionar, como já fez Maurício Tragtenberg, Para quê e para quem serve seu conhecimento? A imagem da capa estampa, por meio da arte, a urgência de darmos resposta a estas indagações se desejarmos que o projeto de universidade abandone seus destinatários de sempre e se coloque a serviço do avanço da humanização e não da acumulação de capital. Ademais, se considerarmos a perspectiva histórica da luta de classes, pode haver dificuldades futuras para compreender-se o porquê nos contentarmos com um “universidade includente” quando podemos produzir com cada um e cada uma a universidade para todos e todas. Como explicar que a universidade ao assumir-se instrumento de inclusão, não está sendo tolerante com as condições que reproduzem a exclusão? Ao que parece, aos olhos do juiz em retratado, tal explicação não deveria ser foco de nossa atenção.
Dynamic load of the carrying structure of an articulated wagon with new draft gear concepts
Authors: Fomin Oleksij , Lovska Alyona , Píštěk Václav , Kučera Pavel 
Published: October 2020

The article deals with a new draft gear concept proposed by the authors to reduce the dynamic load of wagons in operational modes. The peculiarity of the concept is transformation of the kinetic impact energy into the work of viscous resistance forces when the viscous fluid passes through the throttle openings of the piston. The concept can be introduced for the wagons, in which centre sills of the frames are of closed sections. The mathematic modelling was conducted for the dynamic load of articulated wagons with consideration of the draft gear concept. It was established that the use of the draft gear concept can lower the dynamic load of wagons by about 10 %. The research will encourage engineers to design modern structures of rolling stock units and increase their operational efficiency.
Detection of Shiga toxin-encoding genes in small community water supplies
Authors: Crespo-Medina Melitza , Greaves Isabel , Hunter Paul R. , Minnigh Harvey , Ramírez-Toro Graciela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx), one of the most potent bacterial toxins known, can cause bloody diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome, kidney failure and death. The aim of this pilot was to investigate the occurrence of Shiga toxin-encoding genes, stx (stx1 and stx2) from total coliform (TC) and E. coli positive samples from small community water systems. After aliquots for TC and E. coli analyses were removed, the remnant volume of the samples was enriched, following a protocol developed for this study. Fifty-two per cent of the samples tested by multiplex PCR were positive for the presence of the stx genes; this percentage was higher in raw water samples. The stx2 gene was more abundant. Testing larger volumes of the samples increase the sensitivity of our assay, providing an alternative protocol for the detection of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) that might be missed by the TC assay. This study confirms the presence of Stx encoding genes in source and distributed water for all systems sampled and suggests STEC as a potential health risk in small systems.
Investigating the presence of enteric bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in drinking water samples of slum households in port city Chattogram, Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Sidratun Nur , Rafa Nazifa , Uddin Sayed Mohammad Nazim , Moniruzzaman Mollah A. K. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Globally, unsafe water supplies due to contamination with fecal coliforms are major issues in urban slums. To determine the presence of microbial risk, water samples were collected from three slums in the port city Chattogram and the most probable number (MPN) method was used to test for the presence of fecal coliform. All of the samples tested positive by the MPN test. The highest count was 1,100 MPN/100 mL and the lowest count was 7.2 MPN/100 mL. Water stored in containers was prone to being more contaminated than water collected directly from the source. To understand the antibiotic resistivity of the coliform bacteria isolated from the water samples, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc method for six antibiotics. All the bacteria were 100% resistant to penicillin-G and ampicillin, and 91.7% showed resistance to amoxicillin and mecillinam. An integrated approach to water, sanitation, and hygiene education must be undertaken when providing sustainable interventions in slums.
PERSPECTIVE OF JUNIOR RESIDENTS ON THE ROLE OF CHIEF RESIDENT AS A TEACHER IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Authors: WINARTO HARIYONO , SETIAWAN CAROLINE , ANGGRAENI TRICIA D. , NURYANTO KARTIWA H. , KUSUMA FITRIYADI 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Resident juniors are often exposed and taught by the Chief Residents in daily routines. However, there are no data regarding the quality of senior residents as teachers. We conducted a questionnaire-based evaluation to determine the quality of Chief Residents from a junior resident's perspective.
Methods: This study was conducted from May to July 2019 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Fifteen questions regarding the quality of chief residents as teachers, which consist of a safe learning environment, team working, coaching by demonstration and observation, stimulating learning and role modeling from junior’s perspective and one open question for suggestions were given using the Google Form internet-based application. Data were analyzed using Ms. Excel.
Results: 75 junior residents (100%) participated in this study. Ten out of 15 questions were answered and agreed that the chief resident had qualifications as a teacher (88%). The most valued performances were the ability in selecting patients to the junior based on their level of competency and allowing them to do procedures (92%), while the most undervalued was chief resident’s ability to teach as good as their consultant (45%).
Conclusion: Our study showed that most of the junior residents agreed that the presence of their senior is compulsory to their learning experience. Learning from seniors, including the consultant, will make a better learning environment.
EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON SHORT-AND LONG-TERM MEMORY IN ADULT MALE WISTAR RATS
Authors: YOLANDA SOPHIE , PAMUNGKAS GUSTI CANDRA , ANDRAINI TRINOVITA , SANTOSO DEWI IRAWATI SOERIA , SIDIK SUHARTI BINTI , WIDHOWATI LULUK NURAZIZA 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Memory is an essential function of cognition in humans, but an age- and disease-related deterioration of this function is common. The currently known treatments have high failure rates, and thus, the slowing down of memory degeneration at an early age is the preferred preventive approach. Exercise, specifically aerobic exercise, has been proven to enhance memory via various pathways, such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and growth factor expression. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on short-term and long-term memory function in rats.
Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats aged 7 mo were randomly distributed into four groups: Control, short-term memory (C-S); Control, long-term memory (C-L); Aerobic, short-term memory (A-S); and Aerobic, long-term memory (A-L). The aerobic groups received exercise treatment for 30 min each five times per week, at a treadmill speed of 20 m/min. The treatment duration was 8 w. Short-term memory was assessed using the forced alteration Y-maze test, and long-term memory was assessed using the object location task.
Results: The findings showed that rats placed under the aerobic exercise regimen had significantly better long-term memory function at the end of 8 w (p = 0.006), while no significant difference was observed in short-term memory function between the aerobic exercise group and the control group.
Conclusion: The present study shows that aerobic exercise is beneficial in improving long-term memory function in rats.
CORRELATION STUDY OF ACNE VULGARIS AND SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: SAPTARINI DYAH , WITJAKSONO FIASTUTI , SITOHANG IRMA BERNADETTE S. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Approximately 9.4% of the world population is affected by acne during adolescence. Several previous studies have shown a significant relationship between acne vulgaris (AV) and serum vitamin D levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between AV and serum vitamin D levels in adolescents.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 healthy students with AV aged 15-18 y from three high schools in Depok, which were selected via simple random selection, and the selection of participants was based on consecutive sampling selection after screening with the inclusion criteria. Serum vitamin D levels were evaluated using a direct Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. The lesions of AV were counted by a dermatologist. Dietary vitamin D and fat intake were assessed using a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. The data were processed using SPSS Statistics 20.0 and analyzed using Pearson or Spearman correlation tests.
Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was 17.29±6.77 ng/ml. The mean number of non-inflammatory lesions was 20.5±12.08, and the median number of inflammatory lesions was 6 (range 0-28). The correlation between the number of non-inflammatory lesion and serum vitamin D levels was r = 0.25 (p = 0.052) and the correlation between the number of inflammatory lesions and serum vitamin D levels was r = 0.047 (p = 0.72).
Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels are not significantly correlated with AV despite whether the lesions are inflammatory or non-inflammatory.
STUNTING AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6–59 MO
Authors: HIKMAHRACHIM HARDYA GUSTADA , RONOATMODJO SUDARTO 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between stunting and suspected developmental delay status in Kabupaten Bogor.
Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia, from February to April 2019. We included children aged 6–59 mo who visited outpatient clinics. All eligible children underwent standardized anthropometric examinations and developmental milestone assessments using the Denver II tool. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate any associations.
Results: From 184 children, 76 (41.3%) were stunted and 82 (44.57%) had suspected developmental delays, both relatively higher than the national prevalence. Overall, developmental delays were associated with stunting (64.5% vs. 30.6%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.45; 95% CI: 1.76–6.76; p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, stunting was independently associated with suspected delays in fine motor skills (26.3% vs. 12.9%; AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.00–6.18; p = 0.049), personal‑social development (35.5% vs. 12.0%; AOR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.24–6.12; p = 0.013) and language skills (27.6% vs. 12.9%; AOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.28–6.77; p = 0.011) after multivariate analyses with sex, age and undernutrition as confounding factors in the final model.
Conclusion: Stunting had a strong association with developmental delays among children visiting primary healthcare clinics. Stakeholders should focus on both the detection and prevention of stunting and developmental delays in primary healthcare facilities.
HOW CLOSELY IS PROTEIN CARBONYL (PCO) LEVEL CORRELATED WITH SEPSIS-RELATED ORGAN FUNCTION ASSESSMENT (SOFA) SCORE?
Authors: LESTARI MAYANG INDAH , SEDONO RUDYANTO , ZULKIFLI  , MARITSKA ZISKE 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Sepsis remains an unsolved problem in hospitals since its mortality rate is not significantly reduced despite considerable therapy efforts. The most used prognostic tool is the Sepsis-related Organ Function (SOFA) score, which requires several clinical and laboratory examinations; our recent studies also showed that the protein carbonyl level (PCO) has prognostic value in predicting sepsis mortality.
Methods: This prospective study was designed to assess the correlation between PCO values and the SOFA score following ethical approval. Adult patients aged>18 y who met the Sepsis-3 definition were included. Exclusion criteria were patients not admitted to the intensive care unit. Dropout criteria included mortality within the 1h bundle protocol. Baseline demographic data and blood collection were measured for all subjects. Subjects were treated with the 1h bundle protocol and observed for 28 d.
Results: Fifty-nine subjects were included, with no significant differences in age, sex, diagnosis, microbiology or Charlson’s Comorbidity score between survivors and non-survivors. The SOFA score was higher in non-survivors (10.90±3.38 vs 8.11±3.07; p=0.003), as was the PCO value (24.5 [14.67-81] vs 18 [15-21.33]; p<0.001). However, the correlation between PCO and SOFA score is very weak (r=0.101; p=0.45).
Conclusion: Both the PCO level and SOFA scores were higher in non-survivor septic patients. However, they have a very weak correlation and cannot be used interchangeably.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF RAT EMBRYONIC FIBROBLASTS (REFS) AND RAT BONE MARROW DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (RAT-BMMSCS) FROM THE WISTAR RAT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: BUDIONO DWI , RINENDYAPUTRI RATIH , NOVIANTARI ARIYANI , ZAINURI MASAGUS , NIKMAH ULY ALFI , BOEDIONO ARIEF 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Rat embryonic fibroblasts (REFs) and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rat-BMMSCs) an be used as in vitro models for a variety of studies, including for degenerative diseases such as arterial ischemia, tissue engineering and development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Therefore, the further developments of the use of these two cells of great importance.
Methods: The experiments were performed with Wistar rat, those with 15-17 d gestation (aged 32 w) as a REFs source and those aged 12 w as a BMMSCs source. Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) was used for both cell cultures but with different media supplements. Proliferation ability was determined for both by calculating population doubling time (PDT). Characterization was performed by differentiation testing into osteocyte, chondrocyte and adipocyte cells by staining with Alizarin Red, Alcian Blue and Oil Red O and by an investigation of specific antigen characteristics using flow cytometry with positive CD90 and CD29 and negative CD34 markers.
Results: Morphologically, the REFs and rat-BMMSCs had the same fibroblasts like shape. PDT was higher for the REFs than the BMMSCs (p<0.05), and both could differentiate into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocyte. The characteristics of the positive markers (CD29 and CD90) were higher in rat-BMMSCs than in REFs.
Conclusion: In this study demonstrated that the explant method for REFs isolation and flushing method for rat-BMMSC isolation are both effective. It also showed that rat-BMMSC grow faster than REFs, and that both cells have the same differentiation ability as rat-BMMSCs but with different specific surface antigen characteristics.
ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF mRNA TRAIL REGULATES APOPTOSIS IN THE GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME T-98G CELL LINE
Authors: PURNAMAWATI  , WANANDI SEPTELIA INAWATI , HARDIANY NOVI SILVIA 
Published: October 2020

Objective: This is an in vitro experimental study designed to analyze the role of alternative splicing of mRNA in the apoptotic process of the cancer cells. Here we induced apoptosis in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) T-98G cell line to obtain a better understanding in the regulation of mRNA expression of the soluble Tumor Necrosis factor-related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (sTRAIL) gene.
Methods: Cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by treatment with rotenone at 10, 20 and 40 µM for 6 h. Dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) was used to dissolve rotenone and as a negative control. The morphology of the GBM-T98G cells was viewed with an inverted microscope. DNA, RNA and protein extractions were performed to analyse apoptotic DNA fragmentation by a DNA laddering assay, a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for TRAIL mRNA expression and ELISA for caspase-9 protein expression. Electrophoresis was also performed on TRAIL complementary DNA (cDNA) produced from TRAIL qRT-PCR mRNA.
Results: Nucleosomal DNA degradation was confirmed by DNA laddering, whereas the TRAIL melting curve and the cDNA electrophoresis showed a shift in the balance of the TRAIL mRNA isoform to the pro-apoptotic mRNA isoform, in conjunction with a significant increase in expression of TRAIL mRNA and caspase-9 protein.
Conclusion: These findings indicate the regulation of apoptotic events at the level of TRAIL mRNA expression, as indicated by the shift in the balance of mRNA expression of the TRAIL isoform towards the pro-apoptotic isoform.
ONE HEALTH STRATEGIES FOR RABIES OUTBREAK CONTROL IN DOMPU, WEST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Authors: ZUHRIYAH LILIK , FATMAWATI MIRA , PRIYANTO NUGROHO NURPONCO , DJAJATI NINIK , ARIFIN ZAINAL , KASTIANTI IRIS JUITA , ANDARINI SRI , RASYID HARUN AL , NARASATI SHABRINA , RAHMAD  
Published: October 2020

Objective: Almost 1,315 cases of rabid animal bites and 9 fatal cases of human rabies were declared in February 2019 due to the outbreak of rabies in Dompu, West Nusa Tenggara (WNT), Indonesia, and this outbreak has affected more than 240,000 people. We report a recommendation for emergency response of one health strategies for rabies outbreak control in Dompu, WNT, Indonesia.
Methods: We implemented the OH approach to expedite the management of outbreaks in Dompu. A meeting with the local government of Dompu district (GoD) was held after an outbreak report was released in February 2019. Furthermore, we encouraged the GoD to adopt OH to manage and control the outbreak.
Results: In Indonesia, the concept is not clear but gradually developing. The burgeoning issues are tackled by GoD through some initiatives, but implementing OH is itself a challenge. We encourage GoD to focus on these gaps and prioritize the health issues for which the best suitable results can be achieved by OH approach.
Conclusion: The OH approach accelerated the prevention of rabies outbreaks in Dompu. To effectively implement the OH approach, it is important to design a legal and institutional framework. In addition, it is essential to raise awareness among policy-makers, including political leadership and enhance the government’s regular budget for the OH approach.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MAHKOTA DEWA [PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF. BOERL)] LEAVES IN MOUSE COLITIS INDUCED BY AZOXYMETHANE (AOM) AND DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS): FOCUS ON RECTAL TISSUE
Authors: PUTRA AFID BRILLIANA , KUSMARDI KUSMARDI , TEDJO ARYO , ESTUNINGTYAS ARI , RAKASIWI MUHAMMAD ILHAM DHIYA 
Published: October 2020

Objective: In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of this ethanol extract on the average number of goblet cells per crypt, number of inflammatory foci and number of angiogenesis in the rectal tissues of mice colitis-model that induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
Methods: This study was carried out by experimental in vivo using Balb/c mice. The mice were divided into five groups of treatment: normal, negative control (AOM/DSS), positive control (AOM/DSS+aspirin), EMD25 (AOM/DSS+25% ethanol extract) and EMD12.5 (AOM/DSS+12.5% ethanol extract). The mice were euthanized and their rectal tissues were placed on glass slides for histopathological observation using haematoxylin–eosin staining.
Results: The administration of the ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves cannot inhibit the decrease in the average number of goblet cells per crypt (p=0.450) and cannot reduce the number of inflammation foci (p=0.146) and the number of angiogenesis (p=0.728). The ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves could not inhibit the inflammation induced by AOM/DSS in the rectal tissues of mice. However, the extract has a tendency to maintain the average number of goblet cells per crypt.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Mahkota Dewa leaves can inhibit inflammation in mice's rectal tissue.
Clinical features of rhinovirus infection in hospitalized adult patients during the epidemic season 2017–2018
Authors: Bichurina M. A. , Voloshchuk L. V. , Go A. , Pisareva M. M. , Guzhov D. A. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose. Rhinovirus infection has in the past been perceived as a disease capable of causing mild respiratory symptoms in most cases in children. Modern clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that rhinovirus infection in adults and children and has a moderate and severe course. The aim of this study was to conduct a clinical and laboratory analysis of cases of rhinovirus infection in adult hospitalized patients and evaluate the etiological role of rinoviruses in the epidemic season of 2017/18.Materials and methods. 1013 case histories of patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of SARS were studied. These patients were taken nasopharyngeal swabs were investigated by PCR for the detection of respiratory pathogens. A positive result was obtained with rhinovirus infection of 51 patients.Results. Of the examined patients, 41,6% had influenza, 45,8% had no viruses and 12,6% had other viral infections, of which 40% were due to rhinovirus infection. Among them, young patients prevailed: the median age for men was 31,0 years, for women-27,5 years. The disease occurred in a moderate form – 78,8%, severe course was observed in 5,3% of patients and was accompanied by infectious and toxic shock. Most often the disease occurred with complications acute bronchitis – 22,1%, pneumonia joined in 15,7% of cases.Conclusion. rhinovirus infection ranks first (40%) among non-influenza causes of viral respiratory tract infection in the examined patients. It was registered mainly in young people. In most cases, it proceeded in a moderate form and had a complicated course, including pneumonia.