bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropogenic noise affects winter song structure of a long-distance migrant, Gambel’s white-crowned sparrow
Authors: Phillips Jennifer N , Katti Madhusudan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMany animals learn to produce acoustic signals that are used to attract mates and defend territories. The structure of these signals can be influenced by external features of the environment, including the anthropogenic soundscape. In many sedentary species, habitat features and soundscape appears to influence the cultural evolution of songs, often with tradeoffs for better transmission over sexually selected song structure. However, none have investigated whether noise on the wintering grounds affects song structure, which for long-distance migrants may result in an acoustic ‘mismatch’ when returning to a breeding ground. This study investigates urban noise effects on song structure in a long-distance migrant, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, on the wintering grounds in the Fresno Clovis Metropolitan Area and in outlying non-urban areas. Songs and background noise levels were recorded concurrently, and song measurements of frequency and duration were examined differences across noise levels and habitats . We found that the buzz and trill decrease in bandwidth in the presence of noise. The length of the whistle and buzz portion of the song also tends to decreases with noise in urban habitats. This trend toward short, pure tones in noisy areas may transmit better in noisy urban winter habitats, but may not be adaptive on quieter breeding grounds. We suggest that future studies should consider whether winter auditory feedback and song learning environments have consequences for song crystallization and breeding success for long-distance migrants.
The calcineurin β-like interacting protein kinase CIPK25 regulates potassium homeostasis under low oxygen in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tagliani Andrea , Tran Anh Nguyet , Novi Giacomo , Di Mambro Riccardo , Pesenti Michele , Sacchi Gian Attilio , Perata Pierdomenico , Pucciariello Chiara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHypoxic conditions often arise from waterlogging and flooding, affecting several aspects of plant metabolism, including the uptake of nutrients. We identified a member of the CALCINEURIN β-LIKE INTERACTING PROTEIN KINASE (CIPK) family in Arabidopsis, CIPK25, which is induced in the root endodermis under low-oxygen conditions. A cipk25 mutant exhibited higher sensitivity to anoxia in conditions of potassium limitation, suggesting that this kinase is involved in the regulation of potassium uptake. Interestingly, we found that CIPK25 interacts with AKT1, the major inward rectifying potassium channel in Arabidopsis. Under anoxic conditions, cipk25 mutant seedlings were unable to maintain potassium concentrations at wild-type levels, suggesting that CIPK25 likely plays a role in modulating potassium homeostasis under low-oxygen conditions. In addition, cipk25 and akt1 mutants share similar developmental defects under waterlogging, further supporting an interplay between CIPK25 and AKT1.
Identifying the formation mechanism of redback pulsars
Authors: De Vito M A , Benvenuto O G , Horvath J E 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We analyse the evolution of close binary systems containing a neutron star that lead to the formation of redback pulsars. Recently, there has been some debate on the origin of such systems and the formation mechanism of redbacks may still be considered as an open problem. We show that the operation of a strong evaporation mechanism, starting from the moment when the donor star becomes fully convective (or alternatively since the formation of the neutron star by accretion-induced collapse), produces systems with donor masses and orbital periods in the range corresponding to redbacks with donors appreciably smaller than their Roche lobes, i.e. they have low filling factors (lower than 0.75). Models of redback pulsars can be constructed assuming the occurrence of irradiation feedback. They have been shown to undergo cyclic mass transfer during the epoch at which they attain donor masses and orbital periods corresponding to redbacks, and stay in quasi-Roche lobe overflow conditions with high filling factors. We show that, if irradiation feedback occurs and radio ejection inhibits further accretion on to the neutron star after the first mass transfer cycle, the redback systems feature high filling factors. We suggest that the filling factor should be considered as a useful tool for discriminating among those redback formation mechanisms. We compare theoretical results with available observations and conclude that observations tend to favour models with high filling factors.
Understanding the physical properties of young M dwarfs: NIR spectroscopic studies
Authors: Khata Dhrimadri , Mondal Soumen , Das Ramkrishna , Ghosh Supriyo , Ghosh Samrat 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
We present here medium resolution (λ/Δλ ∼ 1200) H- and K-band spectra of M-type dwarf stars covering the wavelength ranges 1.50–1.80 μm and 1.95–2.45 μm. The sample includes 53 dwarf stars (M0V–M7V) from new observations using the TIFR Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Imager instrument on the 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope. Using interferometrically measured effective temperature (Teff), radius and luminosity of nearby bright calibrator stars, we have created new empirical relationships among those fundamental parameters and spectral indices. The equivalent widths of H-band spectral features like Mg (1.57 μm), Al (1.67 μm) and Mg (1.71 μm), and the H2O–H index are found to be good indicators of Teff, radius and luminosity and we establish linear functions using these features relating to those stellar parameters. The root-mean-squared error of our best fits are 102 K, 0.027$\, \mathrm{R}_{\odot }$ and 0.12 dex respectively. Using spectral-type standards along with known parallaxes, we calibrate both H- and K-band H2O indices as a tracer of spectral type and absolute Ks magnitude. Metallicities of M-dwarf samples are estimated using the K-band calibration relationships. The masses of M dwarfs could be determined using the luminosity ($L/{\rm L_\odot }$) and we establish a new empirical relation for this. We also compare and contrast our results with other similar work from the literature.
Electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave events from Gaia
Authors: Kostrzewa-Rutkowska Z , Jonker P G , Hodgkin S T , Eappachen D , Harrison D L , Koposov S E , Rixon G , Wyrzykowski Ł , Yoldas A , Breedt E , Delgado A , van Leeuwen M , Wevers T , Burgess P W , De Angeli F , Evans D W , Osborne P J , Riello M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The recent discoveries of gravitational wave events and in one case also its electromagnetic (EM) counterpart allow us to study the Universe in a novel way. The increased sensitivity of the LIGO and Virgo detectors has opened the possibility for regular detections of EM transient events from mergers of stellar remnants. Gravitational wave sources are expected to have sky localization up to a few hundred square degrees, thus Gaia as an all-sky multi-epoch photometric survey has the potential to be a good tool to search for the EM counterparts. In this paper, we study the possibility of detecting EM counterparts to gravitational wave sources using the Gaia Science Alerts system. We develop an extension to current used algorithms to find transients and test its capabilities in discovering candidate transients on a sample of events from the observation periods O1 and O2 of LIGO and Virgo. For the gravitational wave events from the current run O3, we expect that about 16 (25) per cent should fall in sky regions observed by Gaia 7 (10) d after gravitational wave. The new algorithm will provide about 21 candidates per day from the whole sky.
Effective spin distribution of black hole mergers in triples
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Kocsis Bence 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Many astrophysical scenarios have been proposed to explain the several black hole (BH) and neutron star binary mergers observed via gravitational waves (GWs) by the LIGO–Virgo collaboration. Contributions from various channels can be statistically disentangled by mass, spin, eccentricity, and redshift distributions of merging binaries. In this paper, we investigate the signatures of BH–BH binary mergers induced by a third companion through the Lidov–Kozai mechanism in triple systems. We adopt different prescriptions for the supernovae natal kicks and consider different progenitor metallicities and initial orbital parameters. We show that the typical eccentricity in the LIGO band is 0.01–0.1 and that the merger rate is in the range 0.008−9 Gpc−3 yr−1, depending on the natal kick prescriptions and progenitor metallicity. Furthermore, we find that the typical distribution of effective projected spin is peaked at χeff ∼ 0 with significant tails. We show that the triple scenario could reproduce the distribution of χeff. We find that the triple channel may be strongly constrained by the misalignment angle between the binary component spins in future detections with spin precession.
VVV WIN 1733−3349: a low extinction window to probe the far side of the Milky Way bulge
Authors: Saito R K , Minniti D , Benjamin R A , Navarro M G , Alonso-García J , Gonzalez O A , Kammers R , Surot F 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Windows of low extinction in the Milky Way (MW) have been used along the past decades for the study of the Galactic structure and the stellar population across the inner bulge and disc. Here, we report the analysis of another low extinction near-IR window discovered by the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Survey (VVV). VVV WIN 1733−3349 is about half a degree in size and is conveniently located right in the MW plane, at Galactic coordinates (l, b) = (−5.2, −0.3). The mean extinction of VVV WIN 1733−3349 is $A_{K_{\mathrm{ s}}}$ = 0.61 ± 0.08 mag, which is much smaller than the extinction in the surrounding area. The excess in the star counts is consistent with the reduced extinction and complemented by studying the distribution of red clump (RC) stars. Thanks to the strategic low-latitude location of VVV WIN 1733−3349, we are able to interpret their RC density fluctuations with the expected overdensities due to the presence of the spiral arms beyond the bulge. In addition, we find a clear excess in the number of microlensing events within the window, which corroborates our interpretation that VVV WIN 1733−3349 is revealing the far side of the MW bulge.
Asteroid belt survival through stellar evolution: dependence on the stellar mass
Authors: Martin Rebecca G , Livio Mario , Smallwood Jeremy L , Chen Cheng 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Polluted white dwarfs are generally accreting terrestrial-like material that may originate from a debris belt like the asteroid belt in the Solar system. The fraction of white dwarfs that are polluted drops off significantly for white dwarfs with masses $M_{\rm WD}\gtrsim 0.8\, \rm M_\odot$. This implies that asteroid belts and planetary systems around main-sequence (MS) stars with mass $M_{\rm MS}\gtrsim 3\, \rm M_\odot$ may not form because of the intense radiation from the star. This is in agreement with current debris disc and exoplanet observations. The fraction of white dwarfs that show pollution also drops off significantly for low-mass white dwarfs $(M_{\rm WD}\lesssim 0.55\, \rm M_\odot)$. However, the low-mass white dwarfs that do show pollution are not currently accreting but have accreted in the past. We suggest that asteroid belts around MS stars with masses $M_{\rm MS}\lesssim 2\, \rm M_\odot$ are not likely to survive the stellar evolution process. The destruction likely occurs during the AGB phase and could be the result of interactions of the asteroids with the stellar wind, the high radiation, or, for the lowest mass stars that have an unusually close-in asteroid belt, scattering during the tidal orbital decay of the inner planetary system.
Glycine by MR spectroscopy is an imaging biomarker of glioma aggressiveness
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Daoud Elena V , Hatanpaa Kimmo J , Gao Ang , Zhang Song , An Zhongxu , Ganji Sandeep K , Raisanen Jack M , Lewis Cheryl M , Askari Pegah , Baxter Jeannie , Levy Michael , Dimitrov Ivan , Thomas Binu P , Pinho Marco C , Madden Christopher J , Pan Edward , Patel Toral R , DeBerardinis Ralph J , Sherry A Dean , Mickey Bruce E , Malloy Craig R , Maher Elizabeth A , Choi Changho 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHigh-grade gliomas likely remodel the metabolic machinery to meet the increased demands for amino acids and nucleotides during rapid cell proliferation. Glycine, a non-essential amino acid and intermediate of nucleotide biosynthesis, may increase with proliferation. Non-invasive measurement of glycine by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was evaluated as an imaging biomarker for assessment of tumor aggressiveness.MethodsWe measured glycine, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), and other tumor-related metabolites in 35 glioma patients using an MRS sequence tailored for co-detection of glycine and 2HG in gadolinium-enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions on 3T MRI. Glycine and 2HG concentrations as measured by MRS were correlated with tumor cell proliferation (MIB-1 labeling index), expression of mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT2), and glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) enzymes, and patient overall survival.ResultsElevated glycine was strongly associated with presence of gadolinium enhancement, indicating more rapidly proliferative disease. Glycine concentration was positively correlated with MIB-1, and levels higher than 2.5 mM showed significant association with shorter patient survival, irrespective of isocitrate dehydrogenase status. Concentration of 2HG did not correlate with MIB-1 index. A high glycine/2HG concentration ratio, &gt;2.5, was strongly associated with shorter survival (P &lt; 0.0001). GLDC and SHMT2 expression were detectable in all tumors with glycine concentration, demonstrating an inverse correlation with GLDC.ConclusionsThe data suggest that aggressive gliomas reprogram glycine-mediated one-carbon metabolism to meet the biosynthetic demands for rapid cell proliferation. MRS evaluation of glycine provides a non-invasive metabolic imaging biomarker that is predictive of tumor progression and clinical outcome.Key Points1. Glycine and 2-hydroxyglutarate in glioma patients are precisely co-detected using MRS at 3T.2. Tumors with elevated glycine proliferate and progress rapidly.3. A high glycine/2HG ratio is predictive of shortened patient survival.
Implications of new understandings of gliomas in children and adults with NF1: report of a consensus conference
Authors: Packer Roger J , Iavarone Antonio , Jones David T W , Blakeley Jaishri O , Bouffet Eric , Fisher Michael J , Hwang Eugene , Hawkins Cynthia , Kilburn Lindsay , MacDonald Tobey , Pfister Stefan M , Rood Brian , Rodriguez Fausto J , Tabori Uri , Ramaswamy Vijay , Zhu Yuan , Fangusaro Jason , Johnston Stephen A , Gutmann David H 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors occurring in children and adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Over the past decade, discoveries of the molecular basis of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) have led to new approaches for diagnosis and treatments. However, these new understandings have not been fully applied to the management of NF1-associated gliomas. A consensus panel consisting of experts in NF1 and gliomas was convened to review the current molecular knowledge of NF1-associated low-grade “transformed” and high-grade gliomas; insights gained from mouse models of NF1-LGGs; challenges in diagnosing and treating older patients with NF1-associated gliomas; and advances in molecularly targeted treatment and potential immunologic treatment of these tumors. Next steps are recommended to advance the management and outcomes for NF1-associated gliomas.
One Health Education for Future Physicians: A Case Report of Cat-Transmitted Sporotrichosis
Authors: Kaadan M Ihsan , Dennis Michael , Desai Nancy , Yadavalli Gopal , Lederer Philip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A healthy 35-year-old Brazilian woman presented with persistent redness, swelling, and multiple wounds on the hand 2 weeks after a cat bite in her home country. She was treated twice with amoxicillin-clavulanate but failed to demonstrate improvement. She then presented to our institution with a newly developed abscess on the right hand. Incision and drainage were performed and she was admitted to the hospital. She was subsequently treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Her symptoms improved but did not resolve. Four days after hospital discharge, a wound culture resulted as positive for Sporothrix schenchii. The patient was treated with itraconazole. Sporotrichosis is endemic in many countries including Brazil and is known to be transmitted by cat bites. Sporotrichosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients who have symptoms of cellulitis after cat bites in an endemic area.
Sub-millimeter detection of a Galactic center cool star IRS 7 by ALMA
Authors: Tsuboi Masato , Kitamura Yoshimi , Tsutsumi Takahiro , Miyawaki Ryosuke , Miyoshi Makoto , Miyazaki Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
IRS 7 is an M red supergiant star which is located at ${5{^{\prime \prime}_{.}}5}$ north of Sagittarius A$^\ast$. We detected firstly the continuum emission at $340\:$GHz of IRS 7 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The total flux density of IRS 7 is $S_{\, \nu} =448\pm 45\, \mu$Jy. The flux density indicates that IRS 7 has a photosphere radius of $R=1170\pm 60\, R_{\odot }$, which is roughly consistent with the previous Very Large Telescope Interferometer measurement. We also detected a shell-like feature with a northern extension in the H30α recombination line using ALMA. The electron temperature and electron density of the shell-like structure are estimated to be $\bar{T}^\ast _\mathrm{e}=4650\pm 500\:$K and $\bar{n}_\mathrm{e}=(6.1\pm 0.6)\times 10^4\:$cm$^{-3}$, respectively. The mass loss rate is estimated to be $\dot{m}\,\, \sim 1\times 10^{-4}\, M_{\odot }\:$yr$^{-1}$, which is consistent with a typical mass loss rate of a pulsating red supergiant star with $M = 20$–$25\, M_{\odot }$. The kinematics of the ionized gas would support the hypothesis that the shell-like structure made by the mass loss of IRS 7 is supersonically traveling in the ambient matter towards the south. The brightened southern half of the structure and the northern extension would be a bow shock and a cometary-like tail structure, respectively.
Clinical Profiles of Concurrent Cannabis Use in Chronic Pain: A CHOIR Study
Authors: Sturgeon John A , Khan James , Hah Jennifer M , Hilmoe Heather , Hong Juliette , Ware Mark A , Mackey Sean C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
Despite evidence of the analgesic benefits of cannabis, there remains a relative scarcity of research on the short- and long-term effects of cannabis use in individuals with chronic pain.

Design
The current study is a secondary analysis of clinical data from the Collaborative Health Outcomes Information Registry (CHOIR).

Setting
Data were drawn from a cohort of patients of a multidisciplinary tertiary care pain clinic.

Subjects
The study sample consisted of data from 7,026 new patient visits from CHOIR; of these, 1,668 patients with a follow-up time point within 180 days were included in a longitudinal analysis.

Methods
Clinical data were analyzed to characterize cross-sectional differences in pain and indicators of psychological and physical function according to self-reported, concurrent cannabis use. Additionally, a propensity score–weighted longitudinal analysis was conducted, examining cannabis use as a predictor of changes in clinical variables across time.

Results
Cross-sectional analyses suggested significantly poorer sleep and significantly higher intensities of pain, emotional distress, and physical and social dysfunction in patients reporting ongoing cannabis use; however, these differences were relatively small in magnitude. However, no differences between cannabis users and nonusers in terms of longitudinal changes in clinical variables were noted.

Discussion
Our results are among the first to examine concurrent cannabis use as a prognostic variable regarding trajectories of pain-related variables in tertiary care. Future studies may benefit from examining the effect of cannabis initiation, concurrent medication use, and specific aspects of cannabis use (dose, duration of use, or cannabis type) on clinical outcomes.
Trigeminal Nerve Blockade in the Pterygopalatine Fossa for the Management of Postoperative Pain in Three Adults Undergoing Tonsillectomy: A Proof-of-Concept Report
Authors: Smith Cameron R , Helander Erik , Chheda Neil N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Setting
Post-tonsillectomy pain in adults can be severe and is often poorly controlled. Pain can lead to decreased oral intake, bleeding, longer hospital stays, emergency department visits, dehydration, and weight loss. Due to persistent pain despite scheduled medications, other methods for pain control are needed. Local/regional anesthetic options have been previously studied in this population. Unfortunately, neither the injection of local anesthetics into the tonsillar fossa nor the postoperative topical application of local anesthetics to the tonsillar bed has demonstrated efficacy in large systematic reviews.

Patients
Here we report on the post-tonsillectomy pain experience of three patients who were treated with perioperative nerve blocks placed in the pterygopalatine fossa. This represents an as-yet unexplored option for post-tonsillectomy pain control.

Intervention
After induction of general anesthesia, before surgical incision, a 25-gauge spinal needle was advanced into the pterygopalatine fossa using a suprazygomatic, ultrasound-guided approach. Ropivacaine and dexamethasone were deposited into the pterygopalatine fossa.

Results
All three patients experienced excellent pain control for the duration of their recovery and required ≤10 mg of oxycodone over the two weeks after surgery.

Conclusions
Our case series of three patients provides proof of concept that use of nerve blocks in the pterygopalatine fossa can be useful for the control of post-tonsillectomy pain. Further study is needed to confirm these initial results.
Monitoring the Monitor: Distracted Institutional Investors and Board Governance
Authors: Liu Claire , Low Angie , Masulis Ronald W , Zhang Le 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Boards are crucial to shareholder wealth. Yet little is known about how shareholder oversight affects director incentives. Using exogenous shocks to institutional investor portfolios, we find that institutional investor distraction weakens board oversight. Distracted institutions are less likely to discipline ineffective directors with negative votes. Consequently, independent directors face weaker monitoring incentives and exhibit poor board performance; ineffective independent directors are also more frequently appointed. Moreover, we find that the adverse effects of investor distraction on various corporate governance outcomes are stronger among firms with problematic directors. Our findings suggest that institutional investor monitoring creates important director incentives to monitor.