bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile clinics in humanitarian emergencies: a systematic review
Authors: McGowan Catherine R. , Baxter Louisa , Deola Claudio , Gayford Megan , Marston Cicely , Cummings Rachael , Checchi Francesco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the widespread reliance on mobile clinics for delivering health services in humanitarian emergencies there is little empirical evidence to support their use. We report a narrative systematic review of the empirical evidence evaluating the use of mobile clinics in humanitarian settings.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Health Management Information Consortium, and The Cochrane Library for manuscripts published between 2000 and 2019. We also conducted a grey literature search via Global Health, Open Grey, and the WHO publication database. Empirical studies were included if they reported on at least one of the following evaluation criteria: relevance/appropriateness, connectedness, coherence, coverage, efficiency, effectiveness, and impact.

Findings
Five studies met the inclusion criteria: all supported the use of mobile clinics in the particular setting under study. Three studies included controls. Two studies were assessed as good quality. The studies reported on mobile clinics providing non-communicable disease interventions, mental health services, sexual and reproductive health services, and multiple primary health care services in Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo , Haiti, and the Occupied Palestinian Territories. Studies assessed one or more of the following evaluation domains: relevance/appropriateness, coverage, efficiency, and effectiveness. Four studies made recommendations including: i) ensure that mobile clinics are designed to complement clinic-based services; ii) improve technological tools to support patient follow-up, improve record-keeping, communication, and coordination; iii) avoid labelling services in a way that might stigmatise attendees; iv) strengthen referral to psychosocial and mental health services; v) partner with local providers to leverage resources; and vi) ensure strong coordination to optimise the continuum of care. Recommendations regarding the evaluation of mobile clinics include carrying out comparative studies of various modalities (including fixed facilities and community health workers) in order to isolate the effects of the mobile clinics. In the absence of a sound evidence base informing the use of mobile clinics in humanitarian crises, we encourage the integration of: i) WASH services, ii) nutrition services, iii) epidemic surveillance, and iv) systems to ensure the quality and safety of patient care. We recommend that future evaluations report against an established evaluation framework.

Conclusion
Evidence supporting the use of mobile clinics in humanitarian emergencies is limited. We encourage more studies of the use of mobile clinics in emergency settings.

Funding
Salary support for this review was provided under the RECAP project by United Kingdom Research and Innovation as part of the Global Challenges Research Fund, grant number ES/P010873/1.
Risk factors for liposomal bupivacaine resistance after total hip or knee arthroplasties: a retrospective observational cohort in 237 patients
Authors: Buzin Scott , Gianakos Arianna L. , Li Deborah , Viola Anthony , Elkattawy Sherif , Keller David M. , Yoon Richard S. , Liporace Frank A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeLiposomal bupivacaine demonstrated promise decreasing postoperative pain in total hip and total knee arthroplasty (THA/TKA). Some randomized trials have shown non-superior results; however, confounding variables were not accounted for in such analyses. This study attempts to determine risk factors associated with failure of pain management in patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine.MethodsPostoperative pain scores were collected following primary or revision arthroplasties between January 2016 and December 2017. Retrospective analysis of institutional total joint quality and outcomes registry was screened and patients undergoing primary or revision arthroplasties who completed a multi-modal pain management including liposomal bupivacaine were included in the study. Patients with a history of infection/deviated from the institutional pain management protocol were excluded.ResultsA total of 237 patients were included for analysis. Younger patients less than 64 years old had significantly higher pain scores between 0 and 12 h and > 24 h. Active smokers had significantly higher pain scores between 0 and 6 h and > 24 h. Patients with a history of opioid use/pain management had significantly higher pain scores at 6-12 h and 24-48 h. Regression analysis indicated risk factors for resistance to liposomal bupivacaine are younger patients less than 64 years old, those undergoing primary THA, and patients with a history of smoking/pain management/opioid use.ConclusionWe identify risk factors for resistance to liposomal bupivacaine, which include younger age less than 64 years old, history of smoking/pain management/opioid use. Future studies should use these risk factors as exclusion criteria when using liposomal bupivacaine or initiating any randomized trials regarding efficacy.
Simvastatin re-sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib by inhibiting HIF-1α/PPAR-γ/PKM2-mediated glycolysis
Authors: Feng Jiao , Dai Weiqi , Mao Yuqing , Wu Liwei , Li Jingjing , Chen Kan , Yu Qiang , Kong Rui , Li Sainan , Zhang Jie , Ji Jie , Wu Jianye , Mo Wenhui , Xu Xuanfu , Guo Chuanyong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary malignant tumor which usually progresses to an advanced stage because of late diagnosis. Sorafenib (Sora) is a first line medicine for advanced stage HCC; however, it has been faced with enormous resistance. Simvastatin (Sim) is a cholesterol-lowering drug and has been reported to inhibit tumor growth. The present study aims to determine whether Sora and Sim co-treatment can improve Sora resistance in HCC.

Methods
The HCC cell line LM3 and an established Sora-resistant LM3 cell line (LM3-SR) were used to study the relationship between Sora resistance and aerobic glycolysis. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and glycolysis levels were analyzed by western blotting, flow cytometry analysis and biomedical tests. A xenograft model was also used to examine the effect of Sim in vivo. Detailed mechanistic studies were also undertaken by the use of activators and inhibitors, and lentivirus transfections.

Results
Our results demonstrated that the resistance to Sora was associated with enhanced aerobic glycolysis levels. Furthermore, LM3-SR cells were more sensitive to Sim than LM3 cells, suggesting that combined treatment with both Sora and Sim could enhance the sensitivity of LM3-SR cells to Sora. This finding may be due to the suppression of the HIF-1α/PPAR-γ/PKM2 axis.

Conclusions
Simvastatin can inhibit the HIF-1α/PPAR-γ/PKM2 axis, by suppressing PKM2-mediated glycolysis, resulting in decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in HCC cells, and re-sensitizing HCC cells to Sora.
Shear stress activates ATOH8 via autocrine VEGF promoting glycolysis dependent-survival of colorectal cancer cells in the circulation
Authors: Huang Qiong , Li Shaowei , Hu Xingbin , Sun Mengting , Wu Qijing , Dai Huiru , Tan Yujing , Sun Fei , Wang Chunlin , Rong Xiaoxiang , Liao Wangjun , Peng Jianjun , Xiao Jianjun , Huang Li , Wang Jiao , Liang Bishan , Lin Kelin , Liu Yajing , Shi Min 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Metastasis and recurrence, wherein circulating tumour cells (CTCs) play an important role, are the leading causes of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Metastasis-initiating CTCs manage to maintain intravascular survival under anoikis, immune attack, and importantly shear stress; however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Methods
In view of the scarcity of CTCs in the bloodstream, suspended colorectal cancer cells were flowed into the cyclic laminar shear stress (LSS) according to previous studies. Then, we detected these suspended cells with a CK8+/CD45−/DAPI+ phenotype and named them mimic circulating tumour cells (m-CTCs) for subsequent CTCs related researches. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence were utilised to analyse gene expression change of m-CTCs sensitive to LSS stimulation. Additionally, we examined atonal bHLH transcription factor 8 (ATOH8) expressions in CTCs among 156 CRC patients and mice by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and flow cytometry. The pro-metabolic and pro-survival functions of ATOH8 were determined by glycolysis assay, live/dead cell vitality assay, anoikis assay, and immunohistochemistry. Further, the concrete up-and-down mechanisms of m-CTC survival promotion by ATOH8 were explored.

Results
The m-CTCs actively responded to LSS by triggering the expression of ATOH8, a fluid mechanosensor, with executive roles in intravascular survival and metabolism plasticity. Specifically, ATOH8 was upregulated via activation of VEGFR2/AKT signalling pathway mediated by LSS induced VEGF release. ATOH8 then transcriptionally activated HK2-mediated glycolysis, thus promoting the intravascular survival of colorectal cancer cells in the circulation.

Conclusions
This study elucidates a novel mechanism that an LSS triggered VEGF-VEGFR2-AKT-ATOH8 signal axis mediates m-CTCs survival, thus providing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of hematogenous metastasis in CRC.
Three‐dimensional foot shape analysis in children: a pilot analysis using three‐dimensional shape descriptors
Authors: Varga Matyas , Price Carina , Morrison Stewart C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundExisting clinical measures to describe foot morphology are limited in that they are commonly two‐dimensional, low in resolution and accuracy, and do not accurately represent the multi‐planar and complex changes during development across childhood. Using three‐dimensional (3D) scanner technology provides the opportunity to understand more about morphological changes throughout childhood with higher resolution and potentially more relevant 3D shape measures. This is important to advance the prevailing arguments about the typical development of children's feet and inform the development of appropriate clinical measures. 3D shape descriptors derived from 3D scanning can be used to quantify changes in shape at each point of the 3D surface. The aim of this study was to determine whether 3D shape descriptors derived from 3D scanning data can identify differences in foot morphology between children of different ages.MethodsFifteen children were recruited from three age groups (2, 5, and 7 years of age). Both feet were scanned in bipedal stance, using the Artec Eva (Artec Group, Luxembourg, Luxembourg) hand‐held scanner. Three dimensional shape descriptors were extracted from the 3D scans of the right foot, to create histograms for each age group and heat maps of representative participants for comparison.ResultsThere were changes to the dorsal, medial and lateral surfaces of the feet with age. The surfaces became less round along with an increase in indented areas. This is supported by the heat maps which demonstrated that the surfaces of the anatomical landmarks (e.g. the malleoli and navicular tuberosity) became more rounded and protruding, with indented surfaces appearing around these landmarks. On the plantar surface, the concavity of the midfoot was evident and this concavity extended into the midfoot from the medial aspect as age increased.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicated that with increasing age the foot becomes thinner in 3D, with bony architecture emerging, and the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) increases in area and concavity. Three‐dimensional shape descriptors have shown good potential for locating and quantifying changes in foot structure across childhood. Three‐dimensional shape descriptor data will be beneficial for understanding more about foot development and quantifying changes over time.
Sudan red dye: a new agent causing type-2 occupational asthma
Authors: Clofent David , de Homdedeu Miquel , Muñoz-Esquerre Mariana , Cruz María Jesús , Muñoz Xavier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Sudan red or 1-[(2-methoxyphenyl)azo]-2-naphthol is a low molecular weight azoic agent widely used in industry, particularly in the production of hair dyes. The use of this product in the food industry is prohibited due to its potential carcinogenic effect, but no respiratory involvement has been reported to date.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient who had been working in a cosmetics packaging company for 20 years. The patient developed occupational asthma to a red azo dye known as Sudan red. The diagnosis was confirmed by specific bronchial provocation test. Induced sputum samples were obtained previously and in the 24 h following the procedure, with a rise in the percentage of eosinophils from 10 to 65%.

Conclusions
This report describes the case of a patient who developed OA caused by exposure to an azoic dye called Sudan red. The clinical and analytical features suggest a type 2-related asthma; however, we are not yet able to confirm the specific pathophysiological mechanism. The extensive use of azo dyes in industry means that it is particularly important to describe their implications for health, which are probably underestimated at present.
A double inequality for tanhx
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chen Chao-Ping 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that, for $x>0$x>0,
$$ \sqrt{1-\exp \biggl(-\frac{x^{2}}{\sqrt{x^{2}+1}} \biggr)}< \tanh x< \sqrt[3]{1-\exp \biggl(- \frac{x^{3}}{\sqrt{x^{3}+1}} \biggr)}. $$1−exp(−x2x2+1)<tanhx<1−exp(−x3x3+1)3.This solves an open problem proposed by Ivády.
On a new extended half-discrete Hilbert’s inequality involving partial sums
Authors: Huang Xing Shou , Luo Ricai , Yang Bicheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBy applying the weight functions, the idea of introducing parameters, and Euler–Maclaurin summation formula, a new extended half-discrete Hilbert’s inequality with the homogeneous kernel and the beta, gamma function is given. The equivalent statements of the best possible constant factor related to a few parameters are considered. As applications, a corollary about the case of the non-homogeneous kernel and some particular cases are obtained.
Identification and characterization of methylation-mediated transcriptional dysregulation dictate methylation roles in preeclampsia
Authors: Zhao Shuyu , Lv Nan , Li Yan , Liu Tianyi , Sun Yuhong , Chu Xiaodan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Preeclampsia (PE) is a heterogeneous, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, with no robust biomarkers or effective treatments. PE increases the risk of poor outcomes for both the mother and the baby. Methylation-mediated transcriptional dysregulation motifs (methTDMs) could contribute the PE development. However, precise functional roles of methTDMs in PE have not been globally described.

Methods
Here, we develop a comprehensive and computational pipeline to identify PE-specific methTDMs following TF, gene, methylation expression profile, and experimentally verified TF-gene interactions.

Results
The regulation patterns of methTDMs are multiple and complex in PE and contain relax inhibition, intensify inhibition, relax activation, intensify activation, reverse activation, and reverse inhibition. A core module is extracted from global methTDM network to further depict the mechanism of methTDMs in PE. The common and specific features of any two kinds of regulation pattern are also analyzed in PE. Some key methylation sites, TFs, and genes such as IL2RG are identified in PE. Functional analysis shows that methTDMs are associated with immune-, insulin-, and NK cell-related functions. Drug-related network identifies some key drug repurposing candidates such as NADH.

Conclusion
Collectively, the study highlighted the effect of methylation on the transcription process in PE. MethTDMs could contribute to identify specific biomarkers and drug repurposing candidates for PE.
Contrast-enhanced CT radiomics for predicting lymph node metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a pilot study
Authors: Li Ke , Yao Qiandong , Xiao Jingjing , Li Meng , Yang Jiali , Hou Wenjing , Du Mingshan , Chen Kang , Qu Yuan , Li Lian , Li Jing , Wang Xianqi , Luo Haoran , Yang Jia , Zhang Zhuoli , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
We developed a computational model integrating clinical data and imaging features extracted from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images, to predict lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods
This retrospective study included 159 patients with PDAC (118 in the primary cohort and 41 in the validation cohort) who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination between 2012 and 2015. All patients underwent surgery and lymph node status was determined. A total of 2041 radiomics features were extracted from venous phase images in the primary cohort, and optimal features were extracted to construct a radiomics signature. A combined prediction model was built by incorporating the radiomics signature and clinical characteristics selected by using multivariable logistic regression. Clinical prediction models were generated and used to evaluate both cohorts.

Results
Fifteen features were selected for constructing the radiomics signature based on the primary cohort. The combined prediction model for identifying preoperative lymph node metastasis reached a better discrimination power than the clinical prediction model, with an area under the curve of 0.944 vs. 0.666 in the primary cohort, and 0.912 vs. 0.713 in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
This pilot study demonstrated that a noninvasive radiomics signature extracted from contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging can be conveniently used for preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with PDAC.
A case of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma with bilateral ligamentum teres hepatis treated with hepatopancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Terasaki Fumihiro , Yamamoto Yusuke , Sugiura Teiichi , Okamura Yukiyasu , Ito Takaaki , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Akamoto Shintaro , Uesaka Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Bilateral ligamentum teres (BLT) hepatis is a very rare anomaly defined as the connection of the bilateral fetal umbilical veins to both sides of the paramedian trunk, and it has never been reported in the English literature.

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man who presented with obstructive jaundice was referred to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed that the patient had right-sided ligamentum teres (RSLT) and left-sided ligamentum teres (LSLT). The umbilical portion of the left portal vein, which the LSLT connected, became relatively atrophic in this patient. The RSLT attached to the tip of the right anterior pedicle and formed the umbilical portion of the right portal vein. The patient was diagnosed with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma which had invaded the root of the posterior branch of the bile duct, LHD, and intrapancreatic bile duct. The central bisectionectomy, in which the liver parenchyma was resected along the RHV on the right side and the LSLT on the left side, and caudate lobectomy combined with pancreatoduodenectomy were performed.
The presence of the patient with BLT is important for ascertaining the mechanism of the development of RSLT. Two umbilical veins are present initially during the embryonic stage. In general, the right-sided vein disappears, and the atrophic left-sided vein remains connected to the left portal vein originating from the vitelline vein. Several papers on the mechanism of the development of RSLT have been published. Some authors have mentioned that a residue of the right umbilical vein and the disappearance of the left umbilical vein are the causes of RSLT. On the other hand, some authors have asserted that RSLT is the result of atrophy of the medial liver area. The presence of BLT in patients indicates that the mechanism of the development of RSLT is characterized by a residue of the right umbilical vein and the disappearance of the left umbilical vein.

Conclusions
The mechanism and origin of RSLT can be understood through cases of BLT, and surgeons must pay attention to anomalies of the portal and hepatic veins in patients with abnormal ligamentum teres.
First report on the reproduction of captive Chinese many-toothed snake (Sibynophis chinensis) in Jeju Island, South Korea
Authors: Banjade Maniram , Jeong Young-Hun , Han Sang-Hyun , Kim Yoo-Kyung , Kim Byung Soo , Oh Hong-Shik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Chinese many-toothed snake (Sibynophis chinensis) is an endangered species in South Korea. To determine its reproductive activity, here we captured a gravid S. chinensis from Mulyeongari Oreum Wetland Conservation Area, Jeju Island, on May 27, 2018, and reared it at Animal Taxonomy and Morphology Laboratory, Jeju National University, South Korea. The snake oviposited a clutch of six eggs between June 12 and 20, 2018, with an average size of 24.86 ± 1.36 mm in length and 9.86 ± 0.49 mm in width, which were artificially incubated at a constant temperature of 27 °C. After incubating for 34–41 days, five of these six eggs successfully hatched. Average snout-vent length (SVL), tail length (TL), and body weight (BW) of hatchlings were 136.5 ± 5.17 mm, 47.76 ± 2.80 mm, and 1.66 ± 0.12 g, respectively. This study observed the reproductive activity of S. chinensis and characterized its eggs and hatchlings for the first time, providing valuable information for the long-term conservation plan of S. chinensis in South Korea.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and response to plasmapheresis in Guillain–Barré syndrome: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hashim Noha Ali , Mohamed Wafaa Samir , Emad Engy Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS) is one of the most severe neurological diseases that causes marked disability and even death.

Aim
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a prognostic marker for GBS and response to treatment with plasmapheresis.

Methods
Seventy-five subjects (35 GBS patients and 40 healthy controls) were recruited. Complete general and neurological examinations were performed and Hughes disability scale score was evaluated for assessing functional motor deficits in GBS patients. In addition, NLR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein level were calculated.

Results
NLR was significantly higher in GBS patients than in controls (p < 0.001) and was significantly higher in axonal form than other demyelinating and mixed subtypes (p < 0.02). Patients with a poor outcome had a significantly high NLR than patients with a good outcome (p = 0.006). NLR was also positively correlated with Hughes disability scale score (p < 0.001). The cut-off value for NLR to predict a good response of patients to plasmapheresis was ≤ 4.4.

Interpretation
NLR may be a rapid, simple, inexpensive biomarker for predicting the severity of GBS, outcome of patients, and their response to plasmapheresis.