bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine‐Learning Approaches to Tune Descriptors and Predict the Viscosities of Ionic Liquids and Their Mixtures
Authors: Carrera Gonçalo V. S. M. , Nunes da Ponte Manuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work consists on a new chemoinformatic approach based on two complementary artificial intelligence concepts. Random Forest and Kohonen neural network are applied on this context. The former provides a relevance measure of the numerical descriptors encoding either an ionic liquid or its mixtures. The code of a given chemical system is weighted according that relevance measure. The Kohonen neural network is trained with a set of weighted chemical systems. The next step comprises the use of the trained neural network as platform to obtain a tuned profile of numerical descriptors representing a generical chemical system. The tuning mechanism involves the topology of a chemical system‐encoding vector in the neural network. The last step comprises the use of the tuned chemical systems to build predictive models of viscosities. The MOLMAP encoding technology is applied to represent ionic liquid systems and its mixtures.
Porpholactone Chemistry: Shining New Light on an Old Cofactor
Authors: Jin Guo‐Qing , Xue Hao‐Zong , Zhang Jun‐Long 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Jun‐Long Zhang, Peking University, Beijing. The cover picture shows the porpholactone cofactor, which play unique roles in molecular imaging and therapy (or theranostics), catalysis, as well as energy and optical materials. This class of molecules is ideal for more intriguing scientific research and future practical applications. Read the full text of the Minireview at 10.1002/cplu.202000494.
Next‐generation field courses: Integrating Open Science and online learning
Authors: Geange Sonya R. , von Oppen Jonathan , Strydom Tanya , Boakye Mickey , Gauthier Tasha‐Leigh J. , Gya Ragnhild , Halbritter Aud H. , Jessup Laura H. , Middleton Sara L. , Navarro Jocelyn , Pierfederici Maria Elisa , Chacón‐Labella Julia , Cotner Sehoya , Farfan‐Rios William , Maitner Brian S. , Michaletz Sean T. , Telford Richard J. , Enquist Brian J. , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs Open Science practices become more commonplace, there is a need for the next generation of scientists to be well versed in these aspects of scientific research. Yet, many training opportunities for early career researchers (ECRs) could better emphasize or integrate Open Science elements. Field courses provide opportunities for ECRs to apply theoretical knowledge, practice new methodological approaches, and gain an appreciation for the challenges of real‐life research, and could provide an excellent platform for integrating training in Open Science practices. Our recent experience, as primarily ECRs engaged in a field course interrupted by COVID‐19, led us to reflect on the potential to enhance learning outcomes in field courses by integrating Open Science practices and online learning components. Specifically, we highlight the opportunity for field courses to align teaching activities with the recent developments and trends in how we conduct research, including training in: publishing registered reports, collecting data using standardized methods, adopting high‐quality data documentation, managing data through reproducible workflows, and sharing and publishing data through appropriate channels. We also discuss how field courses can use online tools to optimize time in the field, develop open access resources, and cultivate collaborations. By integrating these elements, we suggest that the next generation of field courses will offer excellent arenas for participants to adopt Open Science practices.
Comparative transcriptomics reveals the molecular genetic basis of pigmentation loss inSinocyclocheiluscavefishes
Authors: Li Chunqing , Chen Hongyu , Zhao Yinchen , Chen Shanyuan , Xiao Heng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCave‐dwelling animals evolve distinct troglomorphic traits, such as loss of eyes, skin pigmentation, and augmentation of senses following long‐term adaptation to perpetual darkness. However, the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying these phenotypic variations remain unclear. In this study, we conducted comparative histology and comparative transcriptomics study of the skin of eightSinocyclocheilusspecies (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) that included surface‐ and cave‐dwelling species. We analyzed four surface and four cavefish species by using next‐generation sequencing, and a total of 802,798,907 clean reads were generated and assembled into 505,495,009 transcripts, which contributed to 1,037,334 unigenes. Bioinformatic comparisons revealed 10,629 and 6,442 significantly differentially expressed unigenes between four different surface‐cave fish groups. Further, tens of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) potentially related to skin pigmentation were identified. Most of these DEGs (includingGNAQ,PKA,NRAS, andp38) are downregulated in cavefish species. They are involved in key signaling pathways of pigment synthesis, such as the melanogenesis, Wnt, and MAPK pathways. This trend of downregulation was confirmed through qPCR experiments. This study will deepen our understanding of the formation of troglomorphic traits in cavefishes.
Magnesium dietary intake and physical activity in Type 2 diabetes by gender in White, African‐American and Mexican American: NHANES 2011‐2014
Authors: Wu You , Datta Susmita , Little Bert B. , Kong Maiying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse the causal relationships of nutrition intake and physical activity on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stratified by gender and ethnicity.Materials and MethodsAn historical cohort of patients with diagnosed T2DM (n = 2831) was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011‐2014 public database, including but not limited to, measurements of physical activity, nutrition, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c. Multivariate analyses and path analyses were employed to estimate the regression coefficients and path coefficients (ρ) of causal path models of physical activity and nutrition intake on HbA1c stratified by gender and three ethnicity groups (ie non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black and Mexican American).ResultsA significant causal path from increased physical activity to increased magnesium (Mg) intake to decreased HbA1c was found. In addition, increased physical activity significantly decreased BMI, which further decreased HbA1c. These results varied by gender and ethnicity but were directionally consistent. Physical activity decreased HbA1c through BMI for males and through Mg intake for females. Mexican American decreased HbA1c through Mg intake, while non‐Hispanic black had an increased HbA1c due to its ethnicity and through increased BMI.ConclusionsThe beneficial effects of physical activity on decreased HbA1c were mediated through the increased Mg intake and decreased BMI. This aligned with recent investigations of the inverse causal association of Mg intake with insulin resistance and with decreased inflammation.
The utility of environmental DNA from sediment and water samples for recovery of observed plant and animal species from four Mojave Desert springs
Authors: Palacios Mejia Maura , Curd Emily , Edalati Kiumars , Renshaw Mark A. , Dunn Roy , Potter Daniel , Fraga Naomi , Moore Jenna , Saiz Justin , Wayne Robert , Parker Sophie S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMojave Desert springs are fragile ecosystems, hosting endemic plants and animals, which are threatened by the increasing human demand for water and climate change. To develop management practices that will protect the groundwater‐dependent ecosystems at Mojave Desert springs, real‐time, low‐cost biodiversity monitoring, and assessments are required. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding uses DNA shed from organisms (e.g., skin cells, feces, and pollen) that are present in water, air, soil, or sediment samples to assess community composition. This approach can increase the detection sensitivity for rare and elusive species, compared with expensive and time‐consuming conventional methods, which also require taxonomic expertise. This study tests the effectiveness of eDNA techniques in capturing the observed Mojave Desert spring biodiversity in the winter and spring of 2019 at four distinct, naturally occurring springs. We also test the utility of sample types (water vs. sediment) for capturing biodiversity. We found that each of the four Mojave Desert springs supports a unique biological community. Sediment samples contained the greatest biodiversity, but all sample types captured species observed in the field by humans or camera traps. We also found no statistical difference in species richness captured in winter and spring except for the Cytochrome Oxidase I marker, for which winter had greater biodiversity. This study supports the use of eDNA metabarcoding as an effective tool to mirror observation by human observers of ecological communities in desert springs. The study demonstrates the importance of appropriately timing eDNA field sampling, primer selection, and using field‐based surveys of wildlife and plants in addition to eDNA detection. This study also identified gaps in reference sequence databases for Mojave biodiversity and encourages collaboration of eDNA researchers with managers for effective conservation management plans.
Hysteretic energy‐based state‐dependent fragility for ground‐motion sequences
Authors: Gentile Roberto , Galasso Carmine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA framework to derive state‐dependent fragility relationships of structures subjected to ground‐motion sequences (e.g. mainshock‐aftershock (MS‐AS) or triggered earthquakes) is proposed. The hysteretic energy dissipated in the sequence is adopted as the main demand parameter, as it is a cumulative measure monotonically increasing with the length of the excitation. For a structure subjected to earthquake‐induced ground motions, it is not possible to define a closed‐form representation of the hysteretic energy as a function of the peak deformation. However, based on theoretical considerations, the hysteretic energy‐peak deformation trend is discussed, highlighting that (a) the significant duration of the ground motion explains the variability of the hysteretic energy for a given peak deformation; (b) the
hysteretic energy dissipated in an AS decreases (for a given AS peak
displacement) if the peak displacement in the MS increases. A vector‐valued probabilistic seismic demand model consistent with these considerations is proposed in the form of a surface relating the hysteretic energy in the sequence to the peak deformation in the MS and a ground‐motion intensity measure of the AS. This is calibrated via sequential cloud‐based time‐history analyses. The framework is demonstrated for 14 reinforced concrete frame buildings with different height, plastic mechanisms, and infill distributions. The results show the feasibility of the proposed approach, effectively capturing damage accumulation without inconsistencies in the obtained statistical model. The framework may be used for risk‐assessment applications explicitly incorporating ground‐motion sequences. The hysteretic energy versus peak deformation relationship may also be exploited in problems involving long‐duration ground motions or soft soils.
Does boardroom gender diversity affect shareholder wealth? Evidence from bank mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Tampakoudis Ioannis , Andrikopoulos Andreas , Nerantzidis Michail , Kiosses Nikolaos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe explore the effect of the presence of female directors in boards of directors on the economic impact of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Using a unique, hand‐collected dataset on 1,130 M&As announced by U.S. banks between 2003 and 2018, we find a significant negative relationship between female board membership and shareholder wealth after the banking crisis. Our results are robust to alternative model specifications that control for different proxies for gender diversity, heteroskedasticity, endogeneity and firm‐specific variables. Our findings suggest that board gender diversity should be promoted with caution, and policy makers should acknowledge its limitations as a corporate governance mechanism.
LMNB2 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kong Weihao , Wu Zihao , Yang Mingwei , Zuo Xiaomin , Yin Guanfu , Chen Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested Lamin B2 (LMNB2) as an oncogene in lung cancer. However, the role of LMNB2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.MethodThe expression of LMNB2 was compared between HCC samples and non‐tumor samples in multiple datasets. In addition, the prognostic value of LMNB2 in HCC was also investigated. Furthermore, the cBioPortal was utilized to analyze the genomic alternation of LMNB2 in HCC. Besides, co‐expression genes and functional enrichment analysis were evaluated using LinkedOmics to determine the function of LMNB2. Finally, the correlation between LMNB2 and immune infiltration was assessed using Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).ResultsElevated LMNB2 expression level was identified in HCC patients in multiple datasets. Moreover, increased levels of LMNB2 were associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). The functional enrichment analysis revealed that LMNB2 plays an essential role via the cell cycle pathway, spliceosome, hippo‐signaling pathway, and metabolic pathways. Besides, copy number variation (CNV) and methylation were significantly associated with LMNB2 expression. Additionally, increased levels of LMNB2 were significantly associated with B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.ConclusionLMNB2 is a potential HCC prognostic and diagnostic biomarker.
Hope attenuates the negative impact of general psychological distress on goal progress
Authors: Moss‐Pech Sara A. , Southward Matthew W. , Cheavens Jennifer S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveSymptoms of general psychological distress disrupt goal pursuit; however, not everyone is equally impacted by distress when pursuing goals. We tested whether hope, self‐efficacy, and/or grit buffered the impact of symptoms of general psychological distress on longitudinal goal progress.MethodUndergraduate students reported on these constructs and, 2 months later, their progress toward five personal goals (N = 117).ResultsAlthough greater levels of baseline psychological distress predicted less goal progress, the impact of psychological distress on goal progress was moderated by hope, β = .20, SE = 0.07, p < .01. More specifically, at higher hope, participants reported similar goal progress regardless of baseline distress symptoms, while at lower hope, baseline distress was negatively associated with goal progress.ConclusionHope may function as a buffer against the association between general psychological distress and impaired goal progress.
Miniaturized application of 3D‐printed large‐flow microreactor in extraction and separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Li Xiteng , Ju Shaohua , Gu Yongwan , Tan Wenjin , Li Xing , Wang Shuyi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProblems of long extraction time, large footprint, low single‐stage extraction efficiency, and complicated production processes in solvent extraction equipment in recycling of modern industrial precious metal waste liquids are addressed and application of miniaturized equipment to hydrometallurgy is proposed in this study. A 3D‐printed multichannel microfluidic reactor will likely replace traditional extraction equipment. The reactor was applied to experiments concerning tributyl phosphate extraction and separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium precious metal ions in a hydrochloric acid system. Results showed that, under the conditions of a ratio of 1:1 and a flow rate of 192.5 mL min‐1 (processing capacity of 1.5L h‐1), the extraction rates of platinum and palladium are 84.26% and 96%, and the separation coefficient is βPt/Rh and βPd /Rh is 132.35 and 753.5,moreover, the optimized extraction rate of platinum and palladium in the reactor increases by 2% and 1%, respectively. Hence, the extraction effect of this reactor is better than conventional industrial single‐stage extraction (extraction time 12min, platinum extraction rate 87.43%, palladium extraction rate 90.86%, separation coefficients βPd/Rh and βPt/Rh are only 65.3 and 45.7). In summary, compared with conventional extraction, microreactor extraction can increase the separation coefficient, shorten the extraction time, and the total processing capacity can reach the industrial production level. In addition, this study also discussed the influence of microreactor structure optimization on the extraction effect. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Metal ions coordinated immobilization of phenylalanine dehydrogenase by GO‐PEI with high activity recovery and enhanced stability
Authors: Yao Guangxiao , Liu Kailong , Wang Shiyan , Huo Heyu , Wang Shizhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDehydrogenases dependent on NAD(P)H are widely applied for biosynthesis of chiral chemicals. However, they are unstable and easy denaturated compared with hydrolases. A new strategy for dehydrogenases immobilization with the advantages of easy operation and high activity recovery should be developed. Biocompatible hybrid materials (GO‐PEI‐M) have been obtained by metal ions coordinated polyethylenimine (PEI) functionalized graphene oxide (GO).RESULTSThe immobilized enzyme recovery rates of GO‐PEI‐Mg (magnesium ion coordinated GO‐PEI) and GO‐PEI‐Mn (manganese ion coordinated GO‐PEI). In addition, the stability of GO‐PEI‐Mn‐PheDH (Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase) and GO‐PEI‐Mg‐PheDH was greatly improved, and it maintained 65% and 79% activity, respectively, after seven times reuse. In addition, the stability of GO‐PEI‐Mn‐PheDH (Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase) and GO‐PEI‐Mg‐PheDH was greatly improved. After seven times reuse, GO‐PEI‐Mn‐PheDH and GO‐PEI‐Mn‐PheDH and maintained 65% and 79% activity, respectively. An assembly mechanism was proposed from the perspectives of multi‐level interactions, including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic forces, and coordinated bonds.CONCLUSIONGO‐PEI‐Metal ion hybrid materials offer a promising carrier for enzyme immobilization with the advantages of biocompatibility and relatively strong interaction. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Everyday Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ilha Villanova Ana Luisa , Pina e Cunha Miguel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe systematically review the concept and main characteristics of everyday creativity. First, we highlight the fact that a comprehensive definition of everyday creativity is still missing. The evidence reveals that the lack of a single approach for assessing everyday creative outcomes has led to an ambiguous understanding of this concept. Therefore, we propose a complementary perspective to define everyday creativity moving toward a broader comprehension of the construct. Second, we identify and analyze the main proprieties of everyday creativity in order to clearly distinguish it from big‐c creativity, genius kind of creativity; thereby offering a more complete explanation of the concept. Last, we outline pathways for future research, emphasizing the potential of everyday creativity studies to intersect between multiple fields.
Remote sensing of chemical agents within nuclear facilities using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Foster Michael , Wharton Michael , Brooks William , Goundry Matthew , Warren Charles , Storey Jonathan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe identification and characterisation of radioactive material and other hazardous substances are essential requirements for the nuclear industry. Raman spectroscopy can be used to identify substances; however, given the challenging nature of the environment, instruments typically cannot be located within 1 m of the target substance. A new stand‐off Raman instrument using a spatial heterodyne spectrometer mounted on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is presented, and its ability to identify a range of chemicals of interest to the industry is demonstrated within a representative environment. The instrument demonstrated an ability to routinely make Raman observations at 1 m from the target with all sensitive electronic elements situated remotely outside the target environment.
Lipase nanogel catalyzed synthesis of vitamin E succinate in non‐aqueous phase
Authors: Jiaojiao Xia , Bin Zou , Ruoyu Zhou , Onyinye Adesanya I 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to improve the stability of vitamin E and broaden its scope of application, an effective solution is to convert vitamin E into its derivatives. This work developed a new Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) nanogel based on modification of ionic liquid with vinyl functional groups. This novel CRL nanogel was used in the preparation process of vitamin E succinate based on the principle of non‐aqueous enzymology. At the same time, various factors including enzyme concentration, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time, that affect the yield of vitamin E succinate were optimized and analyzed.RESULTSDifferent solvents with various hydrophobicity parameters (LogP values) from −1.3 to 3.5 were studied, it was found that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) had the lowest LogP value among organic solvents but vitamin E succinate had the highest yield in DMSO. Furthermore, the effect of different operating conditions, such as molar ratios of substrate, enzyme concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time was studied. Under the optimal process conditions (enzyme concentration 6 mg mL−1, substrate molar ratio 4:1, reaction temperature 55 °C and reaction time 15 h), the product yield was 62.58 ± 1.16%. CRL and CRL nanogel were characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that CRL nanogel influenced the catalytic behavior of lipase significantly by changing the structure and surface properties of CRL.CONCLUSIONNovel lipase nanogel was an excellent biocatalyst for enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry