bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material behaviour of a dual hardening steel under thermomechanical loading
Authors: Seisenbacher Benjamin , Hofinger Matthias , Winter Gerhard , Grün Florian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDual hardening steels are a group of metals, which reach their material properties through a combination of strengthening via carbides and intermetallic precipitates. Because of their combination of mechanical properties, dual hardening steels are a promising alloying concept for hot‐work applications. The applied materials for hot‐work applications have to meet certain requirements, such as high hardness, high thermal strength, thermal stability, and fracture toughness. In this paper, a dual hardening steel in different heat treatment conditions was tested under out‐of‐phase thermomechanical loading conditions. All tests were done under full reverse strain control and the minimum temperature was kept constant. In the thermomechanical fatigue tests, solution annealed samples reached higher lifetimes compared with aged specimens. The hardness measurements show that the starting procedure of the thermomechanical fatigue leads to an increase of the hardness approximate to the values of the specimens with the ageing heat treatment. Cyclic softening can be observed in the test with the highest maximum temperature of 600°C. An increase of the maximum temperature also causes a decrease of the lifetime.
A typology of systematic reviews for synthesising evidence on health care
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this paper are to (a) Review published references to systematic reviews; (b) offer a typology of systematic reviews for synthesising evidence on health care; and (c) summarise the guides for designing, reporting and appraising the reviews.BackgroundSystematic reviews play a role in finding, synthesising, transferring and implementing evidence for healthcare policy, practice guidelines and allocation of health resources. They have been particularly successful in confirming or synthesising evidence for health care by meta‐analysing aggregated data from multiple randomised controlled trials. However, concerns about the limitations of evidence from controlled trials have prompted interest in other review methods capable of locating and appraising evidence from more diverse, and possibly more realistic, healthcare situations.MethodsAn iterative citation‐tracking process with Google Search and grey literature identified 204 papers on previous typologies and methods of systematic reviews.Results and ConclusionsThere are six types of systematic reviews: narrative; meta‐analysis; scoping; qualitative; umbrella; and realist. Each type has distinct objectives, characteristics and attributes, but with much overlapping of methods and guides. Sensitivity to the need for qualitative evidence on complex human responses to ill‐health and health care has broadened the objectives and methods of health‐related systematic reviews to find, appraise and synthesis useful evidence for practice guidelines, healthcare policy and allocation of health resources.
Effects of including bioactive legumes in grass silage on digestion parameters, nitrogen balance and methane emissions in sheep
Authors: Niderkorn Vincent , Copani Giuseppe , Martin Cécile , Maxin Gaëlle , Torrent Angélique , Anglard Frédéric , Rochette Yvanne , Ginane Cécile 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the effects of feeding sheep with silage mixtures containing bioactive legumes on intake and digestive parameters. The bioactive legumes used were sainfoin (SF, Onobrychis viciifolia) and red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense), which contain condensed tannins (CT) and polyphenol oxidase respectively. Five treatments were assigned to two groups of sheep according to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design. The five types of silages tested were, on a dry matter (DM) basis: pure timothy grass silage (Phleum pratense, control, T), three binary mixtures of T‐SF, T‐RC and RC‐SF (500 g/kg each) and a ternary mixture of T‐RC‐SF (500, 250 and 250 g/kg respectively). The daily voluntary DM intake of silage mixtures containing both SF and RC was greater than for pure T silage, while the presence of SF resulted in lower organic matter digestibility compared to pure T. The rumen disappearance rate measured in situ increased linearly with the presence of SF and RC in silage. The nitrogen (N) digestibility was greater for pure T and T‐RC than for T‐SF, and the amount of N retained daily by the animals was greater for RC‐containing silages than for T and T‐SF. The methane (CH4) yield was greater for pure T than for the silage mixtures containing SF. We conclude that the presence of RC in silage could boost performances through intake and N retention, while SF‐based mixtures appear to have reduced negative environmental impacts through the reduction of CH4 emissions.
Prognostic nutritional index is superior as a predictor of prognosis among various inflammation‐based prognostic scores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Imai Daisuke , Maeda Takashi , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Wang Huanlin , Yoshiya Shohei , Takeishi Kazuki , Itoh Shinji , Harada Noboru , Ikegami Toru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Mori Masaki 
Published: November 2019

AimThere is increasing evidence that inflammation‐based prognostic scores are stage‐independent predictors of poor outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, these findings were observed in a small‐sized study comparing the prognostic value of these scores for patients after curative resection for HCC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 717 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent curative liver resection at Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital & Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital. Clinicopathological variables including preoperative inflammation‐based prognostic scores, such as neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, Controlling Nutritional Status score, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and Glasgow Prognostic Score were analyzed. The prognostic value of these scores was compared by the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.ResultsThe integrate area under the curve of PNI, Controlling Nutritional Status score, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and Glasgow Prognostic Score were 0.6751, 0.6435, 0.5845, 0.5276, and 0.5351 for overall survival (OS), respectively, and 0.5955, 0.5694, 0.4692, 0.4873, and 0.5272 for disease‐free survival, respectively. Multivariate analyses for prognosis factor in HCC patients showed that PNI was an independent predictor of both OS (HR 0.91, P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (HR 0.94, P < 0.001). When the patients were divided into high and low PNI groups, the patients in the low PNI group had significant poorer OS (P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (P < 0.001), even after background factors were matched between these two groups.ConclusionsPNI is superior to Controlling Nutritional Status score, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, or Glasgow Prognostic Score as a predictor of OS and recurrence‐free survival in patients with HCC who underwent curative hepatic resection.
Constructing democratic participation in welfare transitions: An analysis of narrative interactions
Authors: Knibbe Mare , Horstman Klasien 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis article provides insights into the democratic character of local enactments of welfare reforms by analysing narrative interactions about changes in care. We analyse processes of storytelling that are part of the interactions between citizens giving, receiving and organizing care and the policymakers governing welfare reforms. We also study how narrative interactions shape understandings about changing care practices and what types of narrative interactions support democracy in care.BackgroundStories about recent welfare reforms include messages about citizens’ care, citizen participation, citizens’ powers and revitalization of democracy. However, researchers have cast doubt on their emancipatory and democratic character.Research setting and methodologyWe conducted research of four initiatives and municipal policy settings in the city of Maastricht that organized social care in lifeworlds connected to arts, crafts, farming and entrepreneurship during welfare reforms. Using narrative ethnography, we analyse narrative interactions between the master narrative of welfare reforms about ‘lifeworld care’ and ‘citizen powers’, and small stories told by participants in new care practices.ResultsWe identified two types of narrative interaction: idealizing and pragmatizing. Idealizing narrative interactions were strategic for care initiatives in finding support and for policymakers in proving that a so‐called ‘participation society’ works. Pragmatizing narrative interactions gave expression to insights into the everyday practices of social care experiments and included a greater variety of stories.ConclusionsWe conclude that pragmatizing narrative interactions adjust the master narrative about welfare reforms and replace ideals of independency with ideals of active participation in webs of dependency and care.
Predicting outcome in acute interstitial nephritis: a case–series examining the importance of histological parameters
Authors: Rankin Alastair J , Cannon Emma , Gillis Keith , Crosby Jana , Mark Patrick B , Geddes Colin C , Fox Jonathan G , Mackinnon Bruce , McQuarrie Emily P , Kipgen David 
Published: November 2019

AimsThe clinical significance of common histological parameters in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the utility of histology in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with AIN.Methods and resultsAdult renal biopsies yielding a diagnosis of AIN between 2000 and 2015 were re‐examined. Patients were divided into groups based on: (i) the percentage of non‐fibrotic cortex containing inflammation (NFI score) (NFI‐1 = 0–24%; NFI‐2 = 25–74%; NFI‐3 = 75–100%) and (ii) the percentage of cortex containing tubular atrophy (TA score) (TA1 = 0–9%; TA2 = 10–24%; TA3 = 25–100%). The primary outcome was a composite of ≥50% reduction in serum creatinine (sCr) or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 1 year post‐biopsy. From a total of 2817 native renal biopsies, there were 120 patients with AIN and adequate data for analysis. Of these, 66 (56%) achieved the primary outcome. On univariable logistic regression, NFI‐3 was associated with a 16 times increased likelihood of achieving the primary outcome compared to NFI‐1 [odds ratio (OR) = 16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.2–50)]. In contrast, TA3 was associated with a 90% reduced likelihood of achieving the primary outcome compared to TA1 (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.0–0.3). Maximal clinical utility was achieved by combining TA and NFI into a single prognostic ‘TANFI’ score, which had an independent predictive effect on the primary outcome in a multivariable regression model consisting of age, sex, baseline sCr and identified drug cause.ConclusionsIn patients with biopsy‐proven AIN, a lower percentage of cortical tubular atrophy and, paradoxically, a higher percentage of inflammation in non‐fibrosed cortex were associated with an increased likelihood of a positive clinical outcome.
Evaluation of fluoride and sodium hypochlorite solutions during the electrochemical dissolution of conventional NiTi instruments and Gold thermomechanically treated NiTi instruments
Authors: Cassol L. G. , Kowalczuck A. , Carneiro E. , Westphalen V. P. D. , Laurindo C. A. H. , da Silva Neto U. X. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the dissolution time of two solutions, a fluoride solution and a sodium hypochlorite solution, both saturated with sodium chloride, during the electrochemical dissolution of instruments consisting of conventional nickel‐titanium alloy and Gold thermomechanically treated nickel‐titanium alloy.MethodologyTwo solutions, an NaF solution consisting of 12 g L−1 NaF with 180 g L−1 NaCl and an NaOCl solution consisting of 2.5% NaOCl with 180 g L−1 NaCl, were evaluated in a polarization test of a sample of 48 ProTaper Universal F1 (PTU F1) and WaveOne Gold Small (WOGS) instruments. The electric potentials were 0.5 V and 5 V for the NaF and NaOCl solutions, respectively. The electrochemical cell consisted of three electrodes for the polarization test of the PTU F1 and WOGS instruments, which had 6 mm of the tip immersed in the test solutions. The electric current was recorded for 540 s. If complete dissolution of the immersed tip occurred in less than the expected time, the experiment was considered complete. The time variations (in seconds) of the instruments in the solutions were measured. Data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests. The corrosion patterns of the instruments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsThe NaF and NaOCl solutions were associated with significantly different (P = 0.000) dissolution times of the instrument, with mean values of 12.96 s and 83.63 s, respectively. There was no significant difference (P = 0.649) in dissolution time between the PTU F1 and WOGS instruments.ConclusionsNaF and NaOCl solutions were able to electrochemically dissolve PTU F1 and WOGS instruments. However, the NaF solution achieved dissolution in significantly less time.
Association between dental anxiety and intraoperative pain during root canal treatment: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Murillo‐Benítez M. , Martín‐González J. , Jiménez‐Sánchez M. C. , Cabanillas‐Balsera D. , Velasco‐Ortega E. , Segura‐Egea J. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate whether dental anxiety influences the intraoperative pain felt by patients during root canal treatment.MethodologyIn a cross‐sectional design, 180 patients (90 men and 90 women) were included. Pre‐operative anxiety levels were assessed using the short‐form Dental Anxiety Inventory (S‐DAI). Pain during root canal treatment was evaluated using a 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS) that ranked the level of pain between ‘Absence of pain’ and ‘Unbearable pain’. The minimal sample size was determined using the software of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NIH, UK). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify relationships between variables.ResultsMean pain level during root canal treatment was 2.2 ± 2.1. The mean anxiety S‐DAI score was 27.2 ± 12.5. Fifty percent of men had mild anxiety levels, while in 70% of women anxiety was moderate or high (P = 0.017). Anxiety correlated positively with intraoperative pain (R = 0.406). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety was significantly associated with intraoperative pain felt by patients (OR = 4.0; 95% C.I. = 1.7–9.3; P = 0.001).ConclusionsAnxious patients were more than twice as likely to feel moderate or intense intraoperative pain during root canal treatment. To know the patient´s degree of anxiety could help the dentist to decide whether to use anxiolytic premedication and/or supplemental local anaesthesia to assure better control of pain during root canal treatment.
Developing the Australian Midwifery Workplace Culture instrument
Authors: Catling Christine , Rossiter Chris , McIntyre Erica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Australian Midwifery Workplace Culture instrument.BackgroundWorkplace culture is critical within midwifery settings. Culture determines not only the well‐being and continued retention of maternity staff and managers but it also affects the quality and ultimate safety of the care they provide to women, infants and families. Several studies have identified cultural problems within maternity services. Relatively few instruments take account of the unique aspects of these workplaces and the relationship between midwives and women.DesignThree‐stage instrument development involved item generation (based on the Culture of Care Barometer), expert content validation and a pilot test.MethodsDuring 2016, 38 midwifery experts reviewed the initial items, and 322 midwives then pilot‐tested the draft instrument. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify key domains and to refine the instrument.ResultsThe refined instrument contained 22 items in three distinct domains: relationship with managers, empowerment and collegiality.ConclusionThe instrument can contribute to understanding important dimensions of the culture in maternity workplaces and thus to examining problematic attitudes and practices. The instrument requires further development and testing with larger and more diverse samples of midwives and validation in specific midwifery settings and models of care.
Low‐temperature molten salt synthesis of high‐entropy carbide nanopowders
Authors: Ning Shanshan , Wen Tongqi , Ye Beilin , Chu Yanhui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSynthesis of the powders is critical for achieving the extensive applications of high‐entropy carbides (HECs). Previously reported studies focus mainly on the high‐temperature (>2000 K) synthesis of HEC micro/submicropowder, while the low‐temperature synthesis of HEC nanopowders is rarely studied. Herein we reported the low‐temperature synthesis of HEC nanopowders, namely (Ta0.25Nb0.25Ti0.25V0.25)C (HEC‐1), via molten salt synthesis for the first time. The synthesis possibility of HEC‐1 nanopowders was first theoretically demonstrated by analyzing lattice size difference and chemical reaction thermodynamics based on the first‐principle calculations, and then the angular HEC‐1 nanopowders were successfully synthesized via molten salt synthesis at 1573 K. The as‐synthesized nanopowders possessed the single‐crystal rock‐salt structure of metal carbides and high compositional uniformity from nanoscale to microscale. In addition, their formation mechanism was well interpreted by a classical molten salt‐assisted growth.
Time and Space: Access and the Lifecycle of the Art Student
Authors: Mc Ternan Finola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReflecting on how ‘transition’ can be interpreted in the context of an art and design college, this article will discuss how the access programme at the National College of Art and Design (NCAD), Dublin supports the art students’ lifecycle in, through and out of college. The article will present an overview of NCAD’s access programme and will track its development as it has evolved and how, through a series of targeted initiatives and key partnerships it has identified, retained and supported students beyond graduation. The NCAD has a distinctive widening participation programme that is embedded in the School of Education but is part of the organic culture of the art college. This support enables the mainstreaming of NCAD’s access policy through its engagement with schools and community, seeking to raise aspirations and awareness of art and design as a life option for young people.
“We believe, we feel, we act”: Testing the BIAS Map predictions during adolescence
Authors: Constantin Andreea A. , Cuadrado Isabel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study examined the relation between adolescents’ beliefs, emotions, and intentional behaviors toward two immigrant groups from the Spanish context: Moroccans and Ecuadorians. For this purpose, we tested the SCM/BIAS Map predictions considering the three‐dimensional perspective of stereotype content, which distinguishes between morality, sociability, and competence. Spanish adolescents (N = 231, Mage = 15.39, SD = 1.09) evaluated either Moroccans (n = 114, 55.3% girls) or Ecuadorians (n = 117, 59% girls) on the SCM/BIAS Map variables. Our results confirmed, for both groups, the validity of the three‐dimensional model of stereotype content and showed that adolescents differentiate between the two subdimensions of warmth and treat them as independent in intergroup evaluations. Furthermore, the mediating role of emotions in the stereotype content‐behavior link was also confirmed but only for the univalent emotions in both groups. Finally, only morality acted as a consistent predictor of adolescents active behavioral intentions. The higher perceived morality of the immigrants increased adolescents’ admiration toward them, which in turn led adolescents to manifest more active facilitation intentions. Likewise, the perceived morality of the immigrants negatively affected adolescents’ contempt toward them, which in turn decreased adolescent's active harm intentions toward Ecuadorians and Moroccans. These findings indicate that the perceived morality of the outgroup is the key aspect in order to simultaneously promote helping behavior and decrease harmful one toward immigrant groups during adolescence.
Tropical forest type influences community assembly processes in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Maciel Rabelo Pereira Camilla , López‐García Álvaro , da Silva Danielle Karla Alves , Costa Maia Leonor , Guldberg Frøslev Tobias , Kjøller Rasmus , Rosendahl Søren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimPlant community assembly in tropical rain forest has been shown to be largely governed by stochastic processes, but as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi display limited host preference, they may not follow the same stochastic assembly pattern. Here, we determined the relative importance of environmental and spatial drivers responsible for the community assembly process of AM fungi in two types of tropical rain forest: semideciduous rain forest and dense ombrophilous forests.LocationAtlantic rain forest in north‐eastern Brazil, South America.TaxonArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina).MethodsWe collected root samples from eight protected areas of Atlantic forest along a 700 km transect in north‐eastern Brazil. We measured the relative importance of deterministic and stochastic processes by redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning in comparison with null expectations using ad hoc generated neutral communities. Furthermore, we accessed species associations from co‐occurrence data, at different scales using a Bayesian approach of Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities.ResultsOverall, the extent to which stochastic and deterministic processes affected community assembly depended on the forest type and the spatial scale. Specifically, we found that abiotic and biotic predictors of AM fungal community assemblages are related to environmental homogeneity in tropical rain forests.Main conclusionsThe results of the study show that dynamics in community assembly was clearly different between the two forest types, and that the difference most likely is due to differences in responses to environmental variables.