bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concoction of cancer, catheter, and intracardiac clot: a case report describing a potential treatment strategy
Authors: Nair Raunak Mohan , Maroo Anjli 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer often pose a unique challenge to anticoagulation, as they have a higher risk of bleeding and clotting than the general population. Patients with cancer and catheter-related intracardiac thrombus are a very specific subset of people who do not have specific recommendations guiding their treatment. This article aims to address the existing knowledge gaps in this scenario and provide a possible treatment approach for these patients.

Case summary
We describe the case of a 46-year-old lady with invasive breast cancer, who was on chemotherapy through a central venous catheter and was found to have a right atrial thrombus on routine echocardiography. Due to the paucity of data in this scenario and because the patient requested an oral anticoagulant which did not need frequent monitoring, we started her on apixaban for a total of 3 months. Echocardiogram was repeated at 4 and 8 weeks. In the 8-week echocardiogram, the right atrial thrombus was no longer visualized.

Discussion
Malignancy and central venous catheters significantly increase the risk of thrombosis. Although low molecular weight heparin is the preferred anticoagulant to manage thrombosis in patients with cancer, direct oral anticoagulants have been proven to be non-inferior. In patients with catheter-related intracardiac thrombus, anticoagulation should be continued for at least 3 months or until the catheter is removed, whichever is longer.
Comparison of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic versus thoracotomy bronchial sleeve lobectomy with pulmonary arterioplasty for centrally located non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Xie Dong , Zhong Yifan , Deng Jiajun , She Yunlang , Zhang Lei , Fan Jiang , Jiang Gening , Zhu Yuming , Jiang Lei , Chen Chang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bronchial sleeve lobectomy with pulmonary arterioplasty by uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (UniVATS) in centrally located non-small-cell lung cancer.

METHODS
One hundred and two thoracotomy and 31 UniVATS cases were included in this retrospective, single-centre study. Baseline characteristics, perioperative performance and survival outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

RESULTS
Compared with the thoracotomy group, the UniVATS group was associated with lower postoperative blood transfusion rate (P = 0.043), decreased postoperative hospital stays (P = 0.008), shorter drainage duration (P = 0.003) and less drainage volume during the first postoperative 24 h (P = 0.005). Besides, the 3-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival were comparable between the 2 groups (log-rank, P = 0.81 and P = 0.78, respectively). In addition, squamous cell carcinoma was proved to be the independent favourable predictor for overall survival [hazard ratio (HR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24–0.80; P = 0.008], and advanced pathological stage was found to be independently associated with worse overall survival (IIIB stage: HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.13–9.12; P = 0.028) and recurrence-free survival (IIIB stage: HR 3.54, 95% CI 1.32–9.51; P = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS
With appropriate patient selection, UniVATS sleeve lobectomy with pulmonary arterioplasty is feasible and safe for centrally located lung cancer in the hands of thoracic surgeons with extensive thoracoscopy experience.
Report from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database 2019: current surgical practice and perioperative outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy
Authors: Gonzalez Michel , Brunelli Alessandro , Szanto Zalan , Passani Stefano , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
We report an overview of surgical practices and outcomes in patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy based on data from the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons database.

METHODS
We retrieved data on resections performed for pulmonary metastases between July 2007 and July 2019. We evaluated baseline characteristics, surgical management and postoperative outcomes. Open and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) procedures were compared in terms of surgical management, morbidity and mortality.

RESULTS
We selected 8868 patients [male/female 5031/3837; median age: 64 years (interquartile range 55–71)] who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy. Surgical approach consisted of open thoracotomy in 63.5% of cases (n = 5627) and VATS in 36.5% (n = 3241), with a conversion rate of 2.1% (n = 69). Surgical resection was managed by wedge or local excision in 61% (n = 5425) of cases and anatomical resection in 39% (n = 3443); lobectomy: 26% (n = 2307); segmentectomy: 11% (n = 949); bilobectomy: 1% (n = 95); pneumonectomy: 1% (n = 92)). Lymph node assessment was realized in 58% (n = 5097) [sampling: 21% (n = 1832); complete dissection: 37% (n = 3265)]. Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 15% (n = 1308) and 0.8% (n = 69), respectively. Median duration of stay was 6 days (interquartile range 4–8). The rate of VATS procedures increased from 15% in 2007 to 58% in 2018. When comparing VATS and Open surgery, there were significantly (P &lt; 0.001) fewer anatomical resections by VATS (24% vs 49%), lymph node assessments (36% vs 70%), less morbidity (9% vs 18%) and shorter durations of stay (median: 4 vs 7 days).

CONCLUSIONS
We report a good overview of current surgical practices in terms of resection extent and postoperative outcomes with a gradual acceptance of VATS.
Physical Frailty Phenotype Criteria and Their Synergistic Association on Cognitive Functioning
Authors: Chu Nadia M , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Xue Qian-Li , Carlson Michelle C , Sharrett A Richey , Gross Alden L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Frailty (physical frailty phenotype [PFP]) and its criteria (slow gait, weakness, weight loss, low activity, and exhaustion) are each associated with cognitive dysfunction. The extent to which the PFP is associated with cognition beyond that expected from its component parts remains uncertain.

Method
We used the National Health and Aging Trends Study to quantify associations between PFP criteria and cognitive performance (level/change) using adjusted mixed effects models. We tested whether frailty was associated with excess cognitive vulnerability (synergistic/excess effects, Cohen’s d) beyond criteria contributions by assessing interactions between each criterion and frailty.

Results
Among 7439 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 75.2 years) followed for a mean of 3.2 years (SE = 0.03), 14.1% were frail. The PFP and PFP criteria were all associated with lower baseline cognitive performance, among which slow gait (−0.31 SD, SE = 0.02) and frailty (−0.23 SD, SE = 0.02) were strongest. Only slow gait (−0.03 SD/year, SE = 0.01), frailty (−0.02 SD/year, SE = 0.01), weight loss (−0.02 SD/year, SE = 0.01), and weakness (−0.02 SD/year, SE = 0.01) were associated with cognitive decline. Frailty was associated with cognitive performance above and beyond each criterion (excess effects ranging from −0.07 SD [SE = −0.05] for slow gait to −0.23 SD [SE = 0.03] for weakness); the same was not true for cognitive decline. Slow gait was the only criterion associated with cognitive change among both frail and nonfrail participants (frail: Cohen’s d/year = −0.03, SE = 0.01; nonfrail: Cohen’s d/year = −0.02, SE = 0.01).

Conclusions
PFP is an important frailty measure that is cross-sectionally associated with lower cognitive performance, but not with subsequent cognitive decline, above and beyond its criteria contributions. Further research into the construct of frailty as a “syndrome” correlated with cognition and other adverse outcomes is needed.
Social Relationships in Early Life and Episodic Memory in Mid- and Late Life
Authors: Zhang Zhenmei , Xu Hongwei , Li Lydia W , Liu Jinyu , Choi Seung-won Emily 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study examines the longitudinal relationships between retrospective reports of early-life social relationships (i.e., having good friends, parent–child relationship quality, and childhood neighborhood social cohesion) and episodic memory in China.

Methods
We analyzed 2 waves of data (2011 and 2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The analytical sample included 9,285 respondents aged 45 and older at baseline. A lagged dependent variable approach was used to estimate the associations between measures of early-life social relationships and episodic memory change at the study’s 4-year follow-up.

Results
Retrospective reports of better early-life social relationships are significantly associated with higher levels of episodic memory performance in 2015 among middle-aged and older Chinese, controlling for episodic memory in 2011, childhood socioeconomic status, adulthood sociodemographic variables, and the history of stroke. Educational attainment accounts for a significant portion of the associations between early-life social relationships and episodic memory. In contrast, mental health and social engagement in adulthood account for a small part of these associations.

Discussion
The findings suggest that positive early-life social relationships are beneficial for episodic memory in mid- and late life, and more research is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms.
Feedbacks between a non-Newtonian upper mantle, mantle viscosity structure and mantle dynamics
Authors: Semple A G , Lenardic A 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARY
Previous studies have shown that a low viscosity upper mantle can impact the wavelength of mantle flow and the balance of plate driving to resisting forces. Those studies assumed that mantle viscosity is independent of mantle flow. We explore the potential that mantle flow is not only influenced by viscosity but can also feedback and alter mantle viscosity structure owing to a non-Newtonian upper-mantle rheology. Our results indicate that the average viscosity of the upper mantle, and viscosity variations within it, are affected by the depth to which a non-Newtonian rheology holds. Changes in the wavelength of mantle flow, that occur when upper-mantle viscosity drops below a critical value, alter flow velocities which, in turn, alter mantle viscosity. Those changes also affect flow profiles in the mantle and the degree to which mantle flow drives the motion of a plate analogue above it. Enhanced upper-mantle flow, due to an increasing degree of non-Newtonian behaviour, decreases the ratio of upper- to lower-mantle viscosity. Whole layer mantle convection is maintained but upper- and lower-mantle flow take on different dynamic forms: fast and concentrated upper-mantle flow; slow and diffuse lower-mantle flow. Collectively, mantle viscosity, mantle flow wavelengths, upper- to lower-mantle velocities and the degree to which the mantle can drive plate motions become connected to one another through coupled feedback loops. Under this view of mantle dynamics, depth-variable mantle viscosity is an emergent flow feature that both affects and is affected by the configuration of mantle and plate flow.
New measurements of long-period radial modes using large earthquakes
Authors: Talavera-Soza S , Deuss A 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYRadial modes, nS0, are long-period oscillations that describe the radial expansion and contraction of the whole Earth. They are characterized only by their centre frequency and quality factor Q, and provide crucial information about the 1-D structure of the Earth. Radial modes were last measured more than a decade ago using only one or two earthquakes. Here, we measure radial modes using 16 of the strongest and deepest earthquakes of the last two decades. By introducing more earthquake data into our measurements, we improve our knowledge of 1-D attenuation, as we remove potential earthquake bias from our results. For mode 0S0, which is dominated by compressional energy, we measure a Q value of 5982, much higher than previously measured, and requiring less bulk attenuation in the Earth than previously thought. We also show that radial modes cross-couple (resonate) strongly to their nearest spheroidal mode due to ellipticity and inner core cylindrical anisotropy. Cross-coupling improves the fit between data and synthetics, and gives better estimates of the centre frequency and attenuation value of the radial modes. Including cross-coupling in our measurements results in a systematic shift of the centre frequencies of radial modes towards the Preliminary Reference Earth Model. This shift in centre frequencies, has implications for the strength of the radial anisotropy present in the uppermost inner core, with our cross-coupling results agreeing with lower values of anisotropy than the ones inferred from just measuring the modes in self-coupling (isolation). Furthermore, cross-coupling between radial modes and angular-order two modes provides constraints on cylindrical inner core anisotropy, that will help us improve our knowledge of the 3-D structure of the inner core.
Interpregnancy interval in lower versus higher human development index countries: a hypothesis about pregnancy spacing
Authors: Harrison Margo S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
A secondary analysis was conducted of two separate datasets to observe the association between maternal age and interpregnancy interval (IPI).

Methods
The IPI in a middle-income country (Guatemala) was compared with that of a very-high-income country (USA) among women with two pregnancies.

Results
A regression model found that with each increasing year of age, the IPI increases by 1.26 months (p&lt;0.001) in Guatemala. A regression model found that IPI decreased as women aged in the USA.

Conclusions
It is hypothesized that as countries progress in their development indices, women may delay childbearing, which may result in reduced IPI, as was the case in the USA compared with Guatemala in these datasets.
Optimal converter control for PV-fed DC and AC interconnection by using hybrid artificial neural networks
Authors: Yamacli Volkan , Abaci Kadir 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Optimal control of power converters to avoid voltage instability in cases such as system loading or faults is one of the most studied nonlinear problems that affect energy quality in power systems. The optimization problem related to converter control becomes more difficult with the inclusion of renewable energy systems while trying to fulfill power system constraints and providing an adequate amount of energy. In this paper, a simple approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been proposed and applied to photovoltaic-fed high-voltage DC and high-voltage AC systems interconnection consisting of PI-controlled power converters. By using the proposed method, converter control parameters are optimized for different cases to improve steady-state and dynamic voltage stability while also avoiding any kind of system faults. In order to implement hybrid control methodology by using ANN and PI control, the network should be well trained with samples including not only global best values but also the whole possible system characteristic. For this reason, a novel optimization algorithm, differential search algorithm, is used to sample solution space and train ANN by using random and localized samples. Obtained and presented results of the proposed approach show that due to robust and fast response, ANNs can be successfully used to overcome nonlinear security and optimization problems concerning power system stability.
Revamping to Remain Relevant: How Do the European and the Inter-American Human Rights Systems Adapt to Challenges?
Authors: Ramanzini Isabela Garbin , Yildiz Ezgi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Both the European and the Inter-American human rights systems are in the process of adapting themselves to the emerging and pressing needs in their respective regions. The high-level conferences on the future of the European Court of Human Rights and the newly-established Forum of the Inter-American Human Rights System are two analogous institutional reform processes. This policy note compares these initiatives. We argue that these parallel processes may have been provoked by similar concerns, yet they have generated different outcomes. The Inter-American system has taken advantage of the Forum to increase its functions and outreach. The high-level conferences, on the other hand, have provided an opportunity for member states to call on the European Court to circumscribe the extent of its functions. Finally, we believe that although these initiatives both envisage strategies tailored for their respective systems, mutual learning between the systems could yield more effective solutions.
Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity on seed germination in controlled experiments
Authors: Liu Yongjie , Hou Fujiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
Seed germinations react to their local growing conditions, but the impacts of soil heterogeneity on seed germinations are not well known.

Methods
Effects of three-dimensional soil heterogeneity on seed germinations of grasses species were explored, where two levels of such soil heterogeneity were created via alternatively filling nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich substrate in pot in all directions. Patch sizes of the two heterogeneity levels are around 7.5 and 15 cm, respectively. Fifty seeds of each of the grasses species (Lolium perenne and Elymus nutans) were set either in these heterogeneous soils or in petri dishes with distilled water. Seed germinations of these species were daily recorded.

Important Findings
We found that pots with smaller patches had relatively lower germination rate, which is consistent with our expectation that shorter distance between nutrient-rich and nutrient-poor patches in pots with smaller patches allows plants to reduce their germination rates and delay their germination, in order to reduce the negative impacts of the strong variation of soil resources in these pots. Our results also revealed that pots with smaller patches yielded more heterogeneous seed germination, i.e. seed germinations highly diverged among these pots. These findings highlight that the realistic three-dimensional design can improve our understanding of seed germination as driven by soil spatial heterogeneity.
A rare case of perianal apocrine adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gazivoda Victor , Kiss Lawrence P , Rhee Rebecca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractApocrine adenocarcinoma is a rare primary cutaneous malignancy that arises from areas with high apocrine gland density, most frequently described in the axilla. There have only been three previously reported cases of apocrine adenocarcinoma in the anal/perianal region. A 72-year-old female presented for evaluation of a perianal lesion with persistent drainage that she had noticed for over a year. The patient proceeded with surgical excision of the perianal nodule. Diagnosis was made based on pathology demonstrating areas of mixed solid and trabecular areas with large nuclei and many prominent mitotic figures, which stained positive for periodic acid–Schiff–diastase, cytokeratin 7 and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15. We are reporting just the fourth such case of apocrine adenocarcinoma in the anal/perianal region. It is important to consider apocrine adenocarcinoma in our differential, because though apocrine adenocarcinoma has a benign clinical presentation, it can have a high incidence of lymph invasion on presentation.
The Mysterious Souls of Hellé and Debussy’s Toys
Authors: Coombes T. F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article is a study of the piano version of Debussy’s La Boîte à joujoux—a musical storybook with illustrations by André Hellé—in the context of literary discourses about the toy. The storybook’s exploration of the nature of toyhood illustrates what Barbara Johnson calls the ‘asymptotic relation between things and persons’. Hellé and Debussy’s characters invite a contribution to philosophical reflections on the role of mechanical bodies as signifying a relationship between subjecthood and objecthood. The characters of La Boîte à joujoux are, I suggest, entirely untroubled by the distinction between interiority and exteriority that haunted the modernist imagination. The final section answers a broader question prompted by the storybook’s opening: how toys could serve as comic ideals of the modern urban citizen.
NLTT5306B: an inflated, weakly irradiated brown dwarf
Authors: Casewell S L , Debes J , Braker I P , Cushing M C , Mace G , Marley M S , Kirkpatrick J Davy 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present Spitzer observations at 3.6 and 4.5 µm and a near-infrared IRTF SpeX spectrum of the irradiated brown dwarf NLTT5306B. We determine that the brown dwarf has a spectral type of L5 and is likely inflated, despite the low effective temperature of the white dwarf primary star. We calculate brightness temperatures in the Spitzer wavebands for both the model radius, and Roche Lobe radius of the brown dwarf, and conclude that there is very little day–night side temperature difference. We discuss various mechanisms by which NLTT5306B may be inflated, and determine that while low-mass brown dwarfs (M &lt; 35 MJup) are easily inflated by irradiation from their host star, very few higher mass brown dwarfs are inflated. The higher mass brown dwarfs that are inflated may be inflated by magnetic interactions or may have thicker clouds.
New constraints on the 1.4 GHz source number counts and luminosity functions in the Lockman Hole field
Authors: Bonato Matteo , Prandoni Isabella , De Zotti Gianfranco , Brienza Marisa , Morganti Raffaella , Vaccari Mattia 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a study of the 1173 sources brighter than $S_{1.4\, \rm GHz}= 120\, \mu$Jy detected over an area of $\simeq 1.4\, \hbox{deg}^{2}$ in the Lockman Hole field. Exploiting the multiband information available in this field for ∼79 per cent of the sample, sources have been classified into radio loud (RL) active galactic nuclei (AGNs), star-forming galaxies (SFGs), and radio quiet (RQ) AGNs, using a variety of diagnostics available in the literature. Exploiting the observed tight anticorrelations between IRAC band 1 or band 2 and the source redshift we could assign a redshift to 177 sources missing a spectroscopic measurement or a reliable photometric estimate. A Monte Carlo approach was used to take into account the spread around the mean relation. The derived differential number counts and luminosity functions at several redshifts of each population show a good consistency with models and with earlier estimates made using data from different surveys and applying different approaches. Our results confirm that below $\sim 300\, \mu$Jy SFGs+RQ AGNs overtake RL AGNs that dominate at brighter flux densities. We also confirm earlier indications of a similar evolution of RQ AGNs and SFGs. Finally, we discuss the angular correlation function of our sources and highlight its sensitivity to the criteria used for the classification.