bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Functional Memories and Logic Circuits with 2D Boron Nitride
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Tong , Chen Jin‐Rui , Wang Yan , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fast development of synthesis routes and preparation technology of 2D materials has motivated a rapid growth in the micro‐ and nanoelectronic memory devices, which gives rise to the breakthroughs in the semiconductor research area. Hexagon boron nitride (h‐BN) with excellent chemical, mechanical, and optical properties has been proven to have potential in overcoming the scaling limit to nanometer, and even sub‐nanometer lengths to replace the use of thick and stiff blocking dielectrics in two‐terminal or three‐terminal devices. The use of atomically thin h‐BN or h‐BN van der Waals heterostructures (vdWhs) can improve the reliability, capability, and functionality of memory devices. This is an encouraging strategy toward high‐density on‐chip integrated circuits, which has recently earned considerable interest. While the research in h‐BN material properties and characterization is comprehensively verified, specified mechanisms of resistive switching have not been analyzed in‐depth. Moreover, recent concern about novel structure design and expanding applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and spintronics has arisen. In this review, recent progress in h‐BN memories with volatile or nonvolatile properties is presented, expanding the memories to functional applications, and further challenges of the development of h‐BN‐based memories and logic circuits are discussed.
End‐Group Functionalization of Non‐Fullerene Acceptors for High External Quantum Efficiency over 150 000% in Photomultiplication Type Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Yoon Seongwon , Lee Gyeong Seok , Sim Kyu Min , Kim Myeong‐Jong , Kim Yun‐Hi , Chung Dae Sung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhotomultiplication‐type organic photodetectors (PM‐OPDs) with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 100% are attracting increasing attention due to their potential importance in detecting weak incident light. Considering that the gain of PM‐OPD is determined by the ratio of carrier lifetime over carrier transit time, a systematic study on the effect of the end‐functionalization of a new extended aromatic fused‐ring non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) on the carrier trap/transit time of the PM‐OPD. Photophysical analyses by means of ultraviolet‐visible absorption, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoluminescence combined with structural analyses through grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering show that fluorination of the NFA with the deepest lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level and non‐isotropic molecular ordering can yield the longest carrier lifetime. Furthermore, surface energy study show that fluorination of the NFA can also yield the most hydrophobic nature, which can allow the most efficient injection barrier thinning/lowering of the active layer/cathode interface under illumination due to the localized acceptor distribution toward cathode, maximizing the hole injection efficiency from cathode. As a result, an unprecedentedly high EQE of 156 000% is obtained from the optimized PM‐OPD. This work shows the importance of the molecular design of acceptor molecules in fabricating high‐performance PM‐OPDs.
Designing Hypoxia‐Responsive Nanotheranostic Agents for Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Zhou Huige , Qin Fenglan , Chen Chunying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHypoxia, a common feature of most solid tumors, plays an important role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, leading to drug, radiation, and photodynamic therapy resistance, and resulting in a sharp reduction in the disease‐free survival rate of tumor patients. The lack of sufficient blood supply to the interior regions of tumors hinders the delivery of traditional drugs and contrast agents, interfering with their accumulation in the hypoxic region, and preventing efficient theranostics. Thus, there is a need for the fabrication of novel tumor theranostic agents that overcome these obstacles. Reports, in recent years, of hypoxia‐responsive nanomaterials may provide with such means. In this review, a comprehensive description of the physicochemical and biological characteristics of hypoxic tumor tissues is provided, the principles of designing the hypoxia‐responsive tumor theranostic agents are discussed, and the recent research into hypoxia‐triggered nanomaterials is examined. Additionally, other hypoxia‐associated responsive strategies, the current limitations, and future prospects for hypoxia‐responsive nanotheranostic agents in tumor treatment are discussed.
Biodegradable Inorganic Nanostructured Biomaterials for Drug Delivery
Authors: Cai An‐Yong , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Qi Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiodegradable inorganic drug nanocarriers are widely investigated for efficient drug delivery with enhanced bioavailability and reduced side effects. An ideal drug nanocarrier should have high biocompatibility and good biodegradability to ensure high biosafety for applications in vivo. Many inorganic drug carriers including silica, metals, metal oxides, carbon‐based materials are difficult to degrade, which may cause toxicity and restrict their clinical applications. Fortunately, biomineral‐based drug nanocarriers including calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, etc. exhibit high biocompatibility and good biodegradability because they are the main inorganic constituents of biological hard tissues, and they can participate in the normal metabolism of the living body by dissolving into nontoxic ions. Thus, biomineral‐based nanostructured materials are ideal biodegradable nanocarriers with high biocompatibility for drug delivery, and they are promising for clinical applications. In this review article, the recent advances of synthetic biomineral‐based drug nanocarriers are discussed, and their characteristics, preparation, drug loading, and drug release, as well as their drug‐delivery applications are highlighted. Finally, an outlook for the main future research directions and potential clinical applications of the synthetic biomineral‐based drug nanocarriers is given.
Sessile Microdroplet‐Based Writing Board for Patterning of Structural Colored Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Jing , Qin Yipeng , Shen Yu , Jiang Chao , Tao You‐Tian , Chen Su , Xu Ben Bin , Yu Ziyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe patterning of structural colored materials has a significant impact on various applications such as flexible displays, anti‐counterfeiting patches, colorimetric sensors, etc. Herein, a sessile microdroplet‐based writing board is presented to pattern magnetochromatic hydrogels with abundant structural colors and improved optical performance. It is demonstrated that predesigned hydrophilic patterns on a hydrophobic writing board can capture a mixture of polymer and Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles inks with a spatial resolution of ≈100 pin per 1 cm2 while retaining magnetic field responsibility to the lower limit of 84 Gs. The inks are self‐partitioned into microdroplet arrays, which would in situ transform into structural colored hydrogels within a short time via thiol‐Michael addition. In contrast to conventional evaporation induced assembly of colloidal photonic crystals in sessile droplets, the resulting structural colored hydrogel microarrays show not only good stability and optical adjustability but tunable morphologies. In addition, the introduction of the microfluidic mixing and ink dispensing system greatly shortens the time interval from the polymer mixing to sessile droplet generation, circumvents the challenge of short operation time for the self‐crosslinking ink components, and enables the direct handwriting of high quality structural colored patterns.
Impact of Na Doping on the Carrier Transport Path in Polycrystalline Flexible Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells
Authors: Jeong Woo‐Lim , Kim Kyung‐Pil , Kim Juran , Park Ha Kyung , Min Jung‐Hong , Lee Je‐Sung , Mun Seung‐Hyun , Kim Sung‐Tae , Jang Jae‐Hyung , Jo William , Lee Dong‐Seon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is well‐known that the alkali doping of polycrystalline Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) and Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 has a beneficial influence on the device performance and there are various hypotheses about the principles of performance improvement. This work clearly explains the effect of Na doping on the fill factor (FF) rather than on all of the solar cell parameters (open‐circuit voltage, FF, and sometimes short circuit current) for overall performance improvement. When doping is optimized, the fabricated device shows sufficient built‐in potential and selects a better carrier transport path by the high potential difference between the intragrains and the grain boundaries. On the other hand, when doping is excessive, the device shows low contact potential difference and FF and selects a worse carrier transport path even though the built‐in potential becomes stronger. The fabricated CZTSSe solar cell on a flexible metal foil optimized with a 25 nm thick NaF doping layer achieves an FF of 62.63%, thereby clearly showing the enhancing effect of Na doping.
Hierarchically Designed Light Trapping Films for All‐Day Operating Semitransparent Photovoltaics
Authors: Lee Junghwa , Moon Yoon‐Jong , Cho Junhee , Park Sangpil , Baek Seunghun , Nam Minwoo , Kim Sun‐Kyung , Ko Doo‐Hyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly efficient light‐trapping polymer films are designed to enhance the photocurrent of semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST‐OPVs) in indoor and outdoor conditions. An asymmetric‐reflection film fabricated through the novel combination of randomly arranged nanostructures with periodically assembled microstructures exhibits selectivity for the direction of incident light. The film effectively traps light within the device by selectively reflecting light that escapes from the inside out. Moreover, this light‐trapping effect is maximized by attaching the films to both sides of the bifacial ST‐OPVs operating under solar and indoor sources, simultaneously. Accordingly, the light‐trapping polymer film platform presents short‐circuit current density (  JSC) enhancement of ST‐OPVs by 13.49% and 46.19% under air mass 1.5G and light‐emitting diodes (1000 lux) illumination, respectively, and provides new opportunities for ST‐OPVs in a variety of practical applications.
Interwoven Nanowire Based On‐Chip Asymmetric Microsupercapacitor with High Integrability, Areal Energy, and Power Density
Authors: Yang Wei , Zhu Yuxuan , Jia Zhuofei , He Liang , Xu Lin , Meng Jiashen , Tahir Muhammad , Zhou Zixin , Wang Xuewen , Mai Liqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOn‐chip microsupercapacitors (MSC) with facile fabrication procedures, high integration design, and superior performance are desired as an energy storage device for microelectronics. Hence, a novel procedure is proposed to fabricate an asymmetric microsupercapacitor (AMSC), employing interwoven nanowire (NW) network electrodes of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) coated titanium oxynitride (P‐TiON) and vanadium nitride (VN) NW as a cathode and an anode, respectively. The interwoven NWs with a high mass loading offer a sufficient electrochemical reaction area and rapid electron/ion transport pathway, delivering superior energy and power densities. With the LiCl/polyvinyl alcohol electrolyte, the assembled P‐TiON//VN AMSC can achieve a wide voltage window from 0 to 1.8 V with an excellent areal capacitance of 72 mF cm−2, a high areal energy density of 32.4 μWh cm−2 (at 0.9 mW cm−2), an outstanding power density of 45 mW cm−2 (at 21.9 μWh cm−2), and a good cycling performance. Furthermore, the substrate‐free electrodes exhibit outstanding integrability, and the system on one printed circuit board including two AMSCs in series and a LED demonstrates excellent practicability.
Engineering the Conductive Network of Metal Oxide‐Based Sulfur Cathode toward Efficient and Longevous Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Li Gaoran , Luo Dan , Zhang Yongguang , Zhao Yan , Zhou Guofu , Shui Lingling , Wang Xin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rational design of sulfur cathode structure to suppress shuttling behaviors and expedite the conversion kinetics of polysulfides plays an essential role for the practical implementation of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. In this work, a unique consecutive and oxygen‐deficient niobium oxide (Nb2O5−x) framework featured with 3D ordered macroporous (3DOM) architecture and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedding is developed, which serves as a high‐performance sulfur immobilizer and catalytic promoter for polysulfide conversion. The 3DOM architecture affords a robust porous and open framework that favors electrolyte infiltration for fast ion/mass transfer, as well as interface exposure for massive host–guest interactions. More importantly, CNTs are designed as “antennae” embedded within the Nb2O5−x skeleton, which not only contributes to a highly conductive framework but also intensifies the oxygen deficiency with enhanced sulfur immobilization and reaction catalyzation. Benefiting from these advanced features, Li–S cells based on S‐Nb2O5−x/CNTs cathode achieve excellent cyclability with a high capacity retention of 847 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles and remarkable rate capability with 741 mAh g−1 at 5 C. Moreover, a high areal capacity of 6.07 mAh cm−2 can also be achieved under a high sulfur loading of 6 mg cm−2, illustrating great potential in the development of practical Li–S batteries.
Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of Ultrathin Co‐Mo5N6 Heterojunction with Interfacial Electron Redistribution
Authors: Lin Fei , Dong Zihao , Yao Yihang , Yang Lei , Fang Fang , Jiao Lifang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModulating nitrogen‐rich nitrides with favorable electron structure to enhance hydrogen production activity is challenging due to thermodynamically unfavorable characteristics. Herein, an ultrathin heterojunction of metallic Co and nitrogen‐rich nitride (Co‐Mo5N6) is prepared through the ammonia annealing process as a robust electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Density functional theory simulations and experiments reveal that the obtained Co‐Mo5N6 enables electron redistribution between the nitrogen‐rich phase and Co for more negative H2O adsorption energy, decreasing the subsequent energetic barrier of dissociation (0.05 eV) and optimizing H* absorption (ΔGH* = 0.1 eV). The structure is connected by nanosheet (≈1.2 nm) building blocks with abundant interstitial spaces, open and connective channels, and strong capillary forces, which accelerate mass transfer and electrical conductivity. The Co‐Mo5N6 exhibits excellent HER activity with an extremely low overpotential of 19 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 29.0 mV dec−1. Notably, the required overpotential is only 280 mV to achieve a high current density of 1000 mA cm−2 which is better than commercial Pt/C. This work not only improves the understanding of the catalytic activity and the electron redistribution of nitrogen‐rich nitrides, but also presents a new strategy to design other nitrogen‐rich metal nitrides (such as W2N3, Ta5N6).
Sustainable Nanoplasmon‐Enhanced Photoredox Reactions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
Authors: Bhattacharya Chirasmita , Saji Sandra Elizabeth , Mohan Akhil , Madav Vasudeva , Jia Guohua , Yin Zongyou 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPlasmonic materials with their unique properties, such as light‐excitable resonant oscillation of conduction electrons, strong local electric field, and energetic hot charges (electrons/holes) etc., have overcome the limitations of traditional photoredox catalysts. They are especially important due to their superior light focusing ability, from free‐space wavelengths to the sub‐wavelength range. Although noble metal plasmonic enhancement has been recognized as one of the most important strategies in photocatalysis, the high cost and limited spectral range absorption of noble metals remain the biggest challenges for their practical application, which has led to a gradual shift in the focus on the abundant and less expensive non‐noble metal plasmonics. Recently, various non‐noble plasmonic materials such as non‐noble metals (Cu, Al, Ni and Bi), metal oxides and chalcogenides (WO3‐x, MoO3‐x, NiO, MNbO3, where M = Ca, Sr or Ba; Fe2O3, SrTiO3, In2O3, Cu2‐xS and Bi2Se3), nitrides (TiN, ZrN, HfN and WN) have emerged as efficient photocatalysts. Herein, the door to the relatively new and exciting world of noble metal‐free plasmonic materials and their promising applicability in solar‐energy driven photo‐redox catalysis such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction, organic transformations and environment remediation is opened. Their synthesis methods and a plethora of characterization techniques are also systematically exhibited.
Reflections on a Career as an Industrial Organization and International Economist
Authors: Sheldon Ian M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, I reflect on my career in the agricultural economics profession as a researcher who has focused predominantly on the synthesis of two fields in economics: industrial organization and international trade. In that context, I consider my main contribution to have been in analyzing the impact of public policy where imperfect competition matters in the food and agricultural marketing system, be it in either the horizontal or vertical market dimensions. In addition, I have also paid considerable attention to incorporating market structure into empirical analysis of food and agricultural trade.
The Multifaceted Impact of COVID‐19 on the Female Academic Emergency Physician: A National Conversation
Authors: Das Devjani , Lall Michelle D. , Walker Laura , Dobiesz Valerie , Lema Penelope , Agrawal Pooja 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 has impacted all health care professionals in every aspect of life. Female academic emergency physicians have been uniquely affected and continue to face challenges related to clinical workloads, work–life integration, academic productivity, leadership and visibility within departments, and mental health. This white paper, prepared on behalf of the Academy for Women in Academic Emergency Medicine (AWAEM), describes the differential impact of COVID‐19 on female academic emergency physicians explored during a virtual panel discussion at the 2020 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting. AWAEM convened a virtual panel of women to begin a discussion to share experiences and challenges and formulate consensus guidelines regarding best practices and mitigation strategies. The authors describe the unique ways in which female academic physicians have been affected, identify ongoing and intensified gender gaps, and delineate strategies to address the identified problems. Specific recommendations include individual, as well as, institutional and systems‐level approaches to combat the inequities.
A computational approach to characterize formation of a passivation layer in lithium metal anodes
Authors: Sitapure Niranjan , Lee Hyeonggeon , Ospina‐Acevedo Francisco , Balbuena Perla B. , Hwang Sungwon , Kwon Joseph Sang‐II 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLi metal anode is the “Holy Grail” material of advanced Lithium‐ion‐batteries (LIBs). However, it is plagued by uncontrollable dendrite growth resulting in poor cycling efficiency and short‐circuiting of batteries. This has spurred a plethora of research to understand the underlying mechanism of dendrite formation. While experimental studies suggest that there are complex physical and chemical interactions between heterogeneous solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite growth, most of the studies do not reveal the mechanisms triggering these interactions. To deal with this knowledge gap, we propose a multiscale modeling framework which couples kinetic Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations. Specifically, the model has been developed to account for (a) heterogeneous SEI, (b) dendrite‐SEI interactions, and (c) effect of electrolyte on Li electrodeposition and potential dendrite formation. This allows the proposed computational model to be extended to various electrolytes and SEI species and generate results consistent with previous experimental studies.
Implementing and Sustaining SHARE: An Exposure‐Based Psychotherapy Group for Incarcerated Women Survivors of Sexual Violence
Authors: Zielinski Melissa J. , Allison M. Kathryn , Roberts Lindsey T. , Karlsson Marie E. , Bridges Ana J. , Kirchner JoAnn E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlthough incarcerated women are a highly victimized population, therapy for sexual violence victimization (SVV) sequela is not routinely offered in prison. SHARE is a group therapy for SVV survivors that was successfully implemented and sustained in a women’s correction center. Here, we aimed to identify implementation factors and strategies that led to SHARE’s success and describe incarcerated women’s perspectives on the program. We conducted a retrospective process evaluation using interviews structured according to EPIS, a well‐established implementation science framework. Participants (N = 22) were incarcerated women, members of the SHARE treatment team, and members of the correction center’s leadership, therapeutic team, and volunteer program. Factors that facilitated SHARE implementation varied by EPIS phase and organization. Positive inter‐organizational and interpersonal relationships were key across phases, as were the synergies between both the strengths and needs of each organization involved in implementation. Incarcerated women reported a strong need for SHARE and did not report any concerns about receiving trauma therapy in a carceral setting. Therapy for SVV sequelae, including exposure‐based therapy, is possible to implement and sustain in carceral settings. Community–academic partnerships may be a particularly feasible way to expand access to SVV therapy for incarcerated women.
Modeling and statistical understanding: The effect of carbon nanotube on mechanical properties of recycled polycaprolactone/epoxy composites
Authors: Wang Xiao , Akobi Moulero , Nikaeen Peyman , Khattab Ahmed , He Tian , Li Junru , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecycling of polymer composites has been explored in an attempt to reutilize materials. Several efforts have opted to address this subject from many perspectives including mechanical, chemical, and thermal recycling. Others have also delved into the self‐healing materials to remedy this dilemma. However, few studies have delved into understanding the role of carbon nanotube (CNT) in self‐healing based recycled polymer composites. Therefore, in this study, experimental and simulation tools were utilized to understand the recycling process when CNTs were incorporated within recycled polycaprolactone/epoxy composites. A polynomial regression model, as a facile approach, was established to simulate the process‐property relationship, which is essential for the successful implementation of the future of manufacturing. It found that, by adding CNTs, a reduction in the determined degree of crystallization was induced which correlated with the obtained reduction in the modulus and toughness. Strategies for enhancing mechanical properties have been pointed out for future endeavors.