bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment of endometriotic models: the past and future
Authors: Gu Zhi-Yue , Jia Shuang-Zheng , Leng Jin-Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEndometriosis is a prevalent chronic disease that affects approximately 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women. Although numerous researchers have endeavored to explore the etiology of endometriosis over a century, its etiology still remains an enigma. The exploration of pathophysiologic mechanism and novel therapy for endometriosis depends on ideal endometriotic models. In the previous decade, various endometriotic models have been established; therefore, we made a conclusion for available information on these models. This review summarized the common experimental models used in endometriotic studies, including their origins, characteristics, applications, and limitations. Endometriotic models played an important role in studying etiologies and novel treatments of endometriosis during the last decades. Among them, animal models and endometriotic cell lines were viewed as most common studying tools to explore the intrinsic entities of endometriosis. In addition, endometrial organoid also emerged and was regarded as an ideal studying tool for endometriosis research. Different research models collectively complement each other to advance the endometriosis research. The successful establishment of endometrial organoids means that organoids are expected to become an ideal model for studying endometriosis in the future.
Mechanical Stability of Cryopreserved Split-Thickness Tectonic Corneal Grafts
Authors: Palko Joel R. , Ma Yanhui , Pan Xueliang , Liu James , Reppa Catherine , Dixon Maxwell W. , Clayson Keyton , Lubniewski Anthony , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:To evaluate the influence of cryopreservation on the pressure-strain relationship of microkeratome dissected anterior stromal grafts (ASGs).Methods:Partial thickness ASGs were created from 7 pairs of human corneas and randomized to immediate grafting or grafting after 3 months of cryopreservation at −80°C into a whole globe ex vivo corneal perforation model. High frequency ultrasound speckle tracking was used to calculate the cross-sectional axial and lateral strains in each graft at increasing intraocular pressure (IOP) from 5 to 30 mm Hg. The mean axial and lateral strains were compared between the paired groups.Results:The mean axial and lateral strains were not significantly different between the cryopreserved and noncryopreserved ASGs. The mean lateral strains at 30 mm Hg in the noncryopreserved and cryopreserved grafts were 2.4% ± 2.1% and 1.4% ± 0.7% (P= 0.294), respectively. The mean axial strains at 30 mm Hg in the noncryopreserved and cryopreserved grafts were −7.8% ± 3.3% and −5.5% ± 3.0% (P= 0.198), respectively. A linear pressure-strain relationship was found for all grafts at physiologic IOP.Conclusions:ASGs cryopreserved at −80°C maintain their IOP-strain relationship compared with noncryopreserved ASGs at physiologic pressures, supporting the potential use of cryopreserved human corneal stroma for patch grafting procedures.
Studies on CRMP2 SUMOylation–deficient transgenic mice identify sex-specific Nav1.7 regulation in the pathogenesis of chronic neuropathic pain
Authors: Moutal Aubin , Cai Song , Yu Jie , Stratton Harrison J. , Chefdeville Aude , Gomez Kimberly , Ran Dongzhi , Madura Cynthia L. , Boinon Lisa , Soto Maira , Zhou Yuan , Shan Zhiming , Chew Lindsey A. , Rodgers Kathleen E. , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The sodium channel Nav1.7 is a master regulator of nociceptive input into the central nervous system. Mutations in this channel can result in painful conditions and produce insensitivity to pain. Despite being recognized as a “poster child” for nociceptive signaling and human pain, targeting Nav1.7 has not yet produced a clinical drug. Recent work has illuminated the Nav1.7 interactome, offering insights into the regulation of these channels and identifying potentially new druggable targets. Among the regulators of Nav1.7 is the cytosolic collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). CRMP2, modified at lysine 374 (K374) by addition of a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), bound Nav1.7 to regulate its membrane localization and function. Corollary to this, preventing CRMP2 SUMOylation was sufficient to reverse mechanical allodynia in rats with neuropathic pain. Notably, loss of CRMP2 SUMOylation did not compromise other innate functions of CRMP2. To further elucidate the in vivo role of CRMP2 SUMOylation in pain, we generated CRMP2 K374A knock-in (CRMP2K374A/K374A) mice in which Lys374 was replaced with Ala. CRMP2K374A/K374A mice had reduced Nav1.7 membrane localization and function in female, but not male, sensory neurons. Behavioral appraisal of CRMP2K374A/K374A mice demonstrated no changes in depressive or repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors and a decrease in noxious thermal sensitivity. No changes were observed in CRMP2K374A/K374A mice to inflammatory, acute, or visceral pain. By contrast, in a neuropathic model, CRMP2K374A/K374A mice failed to develop persistent mechanical allodynia. Our study suggests that CRMP2 SUMOylation–dependent control of peripheral Nav1.7 is a hallmark of chronic, but not physiological, neuropathic pain.
Subjective Hearing Impression and Quality of Life in Patients With Bilateral Active Middle Ear Implants
Authors: Seebacher Josef , Weichbold Viktor , Schörg Philipp , Koci Viktor , Magele Astrid , Zorowka Patrick , Sprinzl Georg 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
This study compared the quality of life in patients with bilateral active middle ear implants to their quality of life when they were unilaterally implanted.

Design:
Twenty-one patients implanted sequentially with the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) active middle ear implant completed quality-of-life surveys. The patients were asked to rate whether and to what extent their quality of life has changed upon receiving a second VSB. Hearing-specific quality of life was assessed with the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12-B), and general quality of life was with the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). In addition, the patients completed a health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (AQoL-8D). Finally, the changes in hearing-related and general quality of life were correlated to the change in word recognition ability after implantation of the second VSB (Freiburg monosyllabic word test; unilateral VSB versus bilateral VSB at 65 dB SPL).

Results:
On the SSQ12, subjects scored a median of + 2.73 (p < 0.001; significantly different from zero) on a scale of −5 to + 5 where 0 indicates no change. All three subscores showed significant improvement. On the GBI, patients reached a median overall score of + 23.6 (p < 0.001; significantly different from zero) on a scale of −100 to + 100 where 0 indicates no change. Here, the improvement was mainly visible in the general subscore, whereas the social support and physical health subscores did not change due to the intervention. Both subjective benefit rating scores strongly correlated with the change in word recognition scores, suggesting that both hearing and general quality of life improved with increased word recognition due to bilateral VSB use. No significant correlation was found between the subjects’ general health (as measured by AQoL-8D utility scores) and SSQ12-B or GBI overall scores.

Conclusion:
Usage of a second active middle ear implant substantially improved our patients’ subjective hearing and general quality of life compared with unilateral use. The increase in quality of life may be linked to improved speech understanding due to bilateral use of a middle ear implant. Furthermore, these outcomes were not influenced by our patients’ general health state at the time of survey.
Noise Exposure on Human Cochlea During Cochleostomy Formation Using Conventional and a Hand Guided Robotic Drill
Authors: Du Xinli , Zhang Yu , Boulgouris Nikolaos , Brett Peter N. , Mitchell-Innes Alistair , Coulson Chris , Irving Richard , Begg Philip 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To investigate the disturbance induced in the cochlea during cochleostomy using conventional drill and a hand guided robotic drill.

Study Design:
The study is based on experimental measurements using the Laser Doppler Vibrometer during the drilling processes converted to Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) for comparison.

Setting:
The study is based on experimental results of three sets of cochleostomies on human cadaver heads.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Robotic drilling, in comparison to the conventional drilling method, creates a consistently lower level of disturbance in cochlea across the hearing frequency range.

Results:
Robotic drilling, in comparison to the conventional drilling method, creates a consistently lower level of disturbance in cochlea across the hearing frequency range.

Conclusions:
It is reasonable to conclude that robotic drilling has a lower possibility of creating acoustic trauma in cochlea that endangers the residual hearing of patients.
Cochlear Implantation for Treatment of Tinnitus in Single-sided Deafness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Levy Dylan A. , Lee Joshua A. , Nguyen Shaun A. , McRackan Theodore R. , Meyer Ted A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
Quantify the benefit of cochlear implantation (CI) for tinnitus relief among individuals with single-sided deafness (SSD).

Data Sources:
PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched through July 10, 2019. Search strategies used a combination of subject headings (e.g., MeSH in PubMed) and keywords for the following three concepts: single-sided deafness, cochlear implantation, and tinnitus.

Study Selection:
English articles that reported the preintervention (baseline) tinnitus-related patient-reported outcome measures (e.g., Tinnitus Handicap Inventory [THI] and Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for loudness) in patients with SSD that underwent CI were included.

Data Extraction:
Number of patients, mean age, etiology of hearing loss, duration of deafness, baseline and follow-up THI and VAS scores.

Data Synthesis:
A total of 17 studies met inclusion criteria encompassing 247 patients with SSD receiving a cochlear implant (mean age 50.2 yr, range 23–71). For THI, CI resulted in a mean difference of –35.4 points [95% CI –55.8 to –15.0, p < 0.001]. VAS decreased by –4.6 points [CI –6.0 to –3.3, p < 0.001]. A weighted proportion of 14.9% [CI 6.4–26.1] of patients experienced complete resolution of tinnitus, while 74.5% [CI 63.1–84.5] experienced partial improvement; 7.6% [CI 4.1–12.6] of patients had no change in severity, and 3.0% [CI 1.0–6.7] experienced worsening of their tinnitus.

Conclusions:
On both THI and VAS, patients reported significant reduction in their scores, representing an overall improvement in tinnitus severity while wearing the cochlear implant. Most patients with SSD will experience partial improvement or complete resolution of tinnitus with a cochlear implant.
Hearing Preservation With a New Atraumatic Lateral Wall Electrode
Authors: Lenarz Thomas , Buechner Andreas , Lesinski-Schiedat Anke , Timm Max , Salcher Rolf 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Many individuals have some residual hearing which should be preserved with cochlear implantation. To achieve this goal electrode arrays must fulfil certain design requirements. A new thin lateral wall electrode array (HiFocus SlimJ) was systematically designed on the basis of μCT studies of human cochlea anatomy. The primary objective of this study was to report on initial retrospective hearing preservation results from a cohort of subjects consecutively implanted with this electrode. Secondary objectives were to report on insertion depth and speech perception results for this new array.

Methods:
Twenty subjects with considerable residual hearing in low frequencies were consecutively implanted with the SlimJ electrode array. The electrode was inserted slowly through the round window and the insertion process was controlled by intracochlear electrocochleography measuring cochlear microphonics through the cochlear implant.
Postoperative cone beam computed tomography was conducted and precise scalar location and angular insertion depth was estimated following image fusion with the preoperative images.

Results:
Low frequency hearing at 1 month postsurgery was preserved within 30 dB HL in 85% of subjects and within 15 dB HL in 50% of subjects. Mean angular insertion depth was 393 degrees (SD 62 degrees) with a range from 294 to 520 degrees. All electrode contacts in all subjects were identified within scala tympani.

Conclusion:
The SlimJ electrode array is easy to handle for atraumatic insertion through the round window, adjusted insertion depth controlled by electrocochleography measurements, and reliable fixation at the posterior tympanotomy. Hearing preservation rates are encouraging on the short term. We aim to further report on larger data sets and long-term outcomes.
OTOPLAN in Cochlear Implantation for Far-advanced Otosclerosis
Authors: Lovato Andrea , Marioni Gino , Gamberini Lisa , Bonora Chiara , Genovese Elisabetta , de Filippis Cosimo 
Published: June 2020

Aim:
To evaluate OTOPLAN software in the surgical planning of far-advanced otosclerosis (FAO) candidates to cochlear implant (CI) were considered. We aimed to preliminarily investigate if this software could influence the electrode length choice, or predict surgical difficulties.

Methods:
We reviewed the outcome of five consecutive FAO patients that underwent unilateral CI. OTOPLAN was used to evaluate preoperative computed tomography imaging. A comparison was made with historical data (eight FAO patients).

Results:
The mean cochlear duct length estimated by OTOPLAN was 32.4 mm. Evaluating OTOPLAN reconstructed images, we ruled out cochlear lumen fibrosis/ossification in three FAO patients and the longest electrodes according to cochlear dimensions were preferred. We disclosed fibrosis in the middle and apical turns of two patients. These findings allowed us to change surgical plans, choosing a shorter electrode (24 and 28 mm instead of 31 mm) to avoid incomplete insertion due to cochlear fibrosis. OTOPLAN reconstructed images identified preoperatively the two patients with round window niche ossification that required additional drilling during surgery. In the present series, we experienced no incomplete insertion. In two cases out of eight historical FAO patients, array insertion (24 mm) was incomplete. One years after unilateral CI, the mean speech reception threshold and disyllabic word recognition score of the five considered FAO patients were 36 dB and 94%, respectively (39 dB and 84% for the eight historical patients). There was no facial nerve stimulation or any other complication during the 1-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
According to our preliminary results, OTOPLAN was useful for the appropriate choice of array length.
Necrotizing Otitis Externa: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Changing Trends
Authors: Byun Young Jae , Patel Jaimin , Nguyen Shaun A. , Lambert Paul R. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To assess for changes in trends of the disease process, management, and outcomes of necrotizing otitis externa (NOE) over the last decade.

Data Sources:
Articles in English, published between January 2011 and June 2019, were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Database.

Study Selection:
Inclusion criteria: 1) reported evidence of NOE, 2) details on patient demographic and underlying medical disorder, 3) details on treatments, 4) documented outcomes, and 5) greater than 10 cases.

Data Extraction:
Study demographics, underlying conditions, infectious etiology, treatments, signs and symptoms, and outcomes.

Data Synthesis:
Ten studies, totalling 284 patients with a mean age of 67.8 years, were included. The time period of collected patient data ranged from 2000 to 2018. Temporal subgroup analysis was conducted before and after 2009. Cure rate was lower in the post-2009 group (76.0 versus 94.1%, p < 0.01) while disease-specific mortality remained stable. Increases in proportions of diabetes and culture negative results (p < 0.01) were also observed in this latter group. Rate of extensive surgery and the use of ciprofloxacin decreased (p < 0.01), while the use of ceftazidime increased in the post-2009 group (p < 0.01).

Conclusion:
A decrease in cure rate of NOE patients was observed in the setting of an increase in prevalence of diabetes. Various antipseudomonal agents are being used and an increase in culture negative results is seen.
Early Feasibility Studies of Augmented Reality Navigation for Lateral Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Creighton Francis X. , Unberath Mathias , Song Tianyu , Zhao Zhuokai , Armand Mehran , Carey John 
Published: June 2020

Hypothesis:
An augmented reality (AR) platform using a head mounted display (HMD) can successfully display and register virtual computerized tomography (CT) data to corresponding real world anatomy using fiducial markers.

Background:
AR is a growing field in surgical planning, and has been used by this group to aide in orthopedic surgery applications. Intraoperative AR registration of preoperative CT images could improve identification of critical anatomical structures during lateral skull base surgery.

Methods:
An AR based HMD platform was created to allow for virtual display and real time manipulation of a temporal bone phantom model. Four fiducial markers were incorporated into this model and used to allow manual alignment of surface markers in real-time. To test the accuracy of this platform virtual lines were created in the AR environment running through the visualized real-world fiducial marker points. Target registration error (TRE) was calculated by measuring the orthogonal distance between these virtual lines and the corresponding virtual fiducial marker for each of the four markers from varying angles. Ten consecutive experiments were performed.

Results:
The AR based platform successfully displayed CT renderings in the AR environment and allowed real time translation and rotation for manual alignment. A TRE of 10.62 ± 5.90 mm was found.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that AR visualization of CT imaging can be registered to patient surface landmarks, but current limitations of AR hardware resulted in TREs too large to be used in the lateral skull base. Future advancements in AR technology will hopefully allow for reduction of registration error.
Insertion Depth for Optimized Positioning of Precurved Cochlear Implant Electrodes
Authors: Banalagay Rueben A. , Labadie Robert F. , Chakravorti Srijata , Noble Jack H. 
Published: June 2020

Hypothesis:
Generic guidelines for insertion depth of precurved electrodes are suboptimal for many individuals.

Background:
Insertion depths that are too shallow result in decreased cochlear coverage, and ones that are too deep lift electrodes away from the modiolus and degrade the electro-neural interface. Guidelines for insertion depth are generically applied to all individuals using insertion depth markers on the array that can be referenced against anatomical landmarks.

Methods:
To normalize our measurements, we determined the optimal position and insertion vector where a precurved array best fits the cochlea for each patient in an IRB-approved, N = 131 subject CT database. The distances from the most basal electrode on an optimally placed array to anatomical landmarks, including the round window (RW) and facial recess (FR), was measured for all patients.

Results:
The standard deviations of the distance from the most basal electrode to the FR and RW are 0.65 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively. Owing to the high variability in FR distance, using the FR as a landmark to determine insertion depth results in >0.5 mm difference with ideal depth in 44% of cases. Alignment of either of the two most proximal RW markers with the RW would result in over-insertion failures for >80% of cases, whereas the use of the third, most medial marker would result in under-insertion in only 19% of cases.

Conclusions:
Normalized measurements using the optimized insertion vector show low variance in distance from the basal electrode position to the RW, thereby suggesting it as a better landmark for determining insertion depth than the FR.
Potential Ototopical Antiseptics for the Treatment of Active Chronic Otitis Media: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: van Straten Andries Francois , Blokland Rachel , Loock James William , Whitelaw Andrew 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:Primary: to compare, in vitro, the antimicrobial activity of different antiseptic agents versus quinolone drops, against the common organisms of chronic otitis media.Secondary: to examine the possible role of pH on the antimicrobial activity of the antiseptic solutions.Methods:Three antiseptic powders (boric acid; iodine; and a 1:1 combination of these two) and four solutions (2% boric acid; 2% acetic acid; 3.25% aluminum acetate; and 5% povidone iodine) were tested against five bacteria and two fungi common in chronic otitis media, using both agar plates and the modified broth dilution method. These results were compared with the antimicrobial activity of quinolone drops.The potential role of pH of solutions was tested by reducing the acidity of the agents and repeating the broth dilution.Results:Of the powders, iodine, and iodine/boric acid combined, are very effective against all organisms. Boric acid powder showed moderate effectiveness against all organisms. All solutions performed poorly on the agar plates. 5% povidone iodine has good effectivity when tested with the broth dilution method. 3.25% aluminum acetate had the best activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion:Boric acid powder and 5% povidone iodine solution show promise for clinical use. Boric acid powder has proven clinical effectiveness. 5% povidone iodine requires further clinical research. Although very effective in vitro, iodine powder is toxic to tissues and cannot be recommended for clinical use. The pH of solutions does not seem to play a significant role in their antimicrobial activity in vitro.
The National Landscape of Acute Mastoiditis: Analysis of the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Schwam Zachary G. , Ferrandino Rocco , Kaul Vivian Z. , Omorogbe Aisosa , Bu Daniel , Faddoul Daniel-Georges , Cosetti Maura K. , Wanna George B. 
Published: June 2020

Objective:
To determine risk factors for readmission, prolonged length of stay, and discharge to a rehabilitation facility in patients with acute mastoiditis. Trends in treatment and complication rates were also examined.

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Nationwide Readmissions Database (2013, 2014).

Patients:
Pediatric and adult patients in the Nationwide Readmissions Database with a primary diagnosis of acute mastoiditis.

Interventions:
Medical treatment, surgical intervention.

Outcome Measures:
Rates of and risk factors for readmission, prolonged length of stay, and discharge to a rehabilitation facility. Procedure and complication rates were also examined.

Results:
Four thousand two hundred ninety-five pediatric and adult admissions for acute mastoiditis were analyzed. The overall rates of readmission, prolonged length of stay, and discharge to a rehabilitation facility were 17.0, 10.4, and 10.2%, respectively. Children 4 to 17 years of age had the highest rates of intracranial complications, and children ≤3 years were most likely to undergo operative intervention. Any procedure was performed in 31.2% of cases, and undergoing myringotomy or mastoidectomy was associated with lower rates of readmission but higher rates of prolonged length of stay. Those with intracranial complications and subperiosteal abscesses had the highest surgical intervention rates.

Conclusions:
Readmission, prolonged length of stay, and discharge to a rehabilitation facility are common in patients with acute mastoiditis with various sociodemographic and disease-related risk factors. While once a primarily surgical disease, a minority of patients in our cohort underwent procedures. Undergoing a surgical procedure was protective against readmission but a risk factor for prolonged length of stay.