bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical differences between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Dai Guangming , Ran Yajuan , Wang Jiajia , Chen Xingru , Peng Junnan , Li Xinglong , Deng Huojin , Xiao Min , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background AECOPD is highly heterogeneous with respect to etiology and inflammation. COPD with higher blood eosinophils is associated with increased readmission rates and better corticosteroid response. However, the clinical features of eosinophilic AECOPD aren’t well explored. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate the clinical differences between eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic AECOPD. Methods A total of 643 AECOPD patients were enrolled in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Finally, 455 were included, 214 in normal eosinophils AECOPD (NEOS-AECOPD) group, 63 in mild increased eosinophils AECOPD (MEOS-AECOPD) group, and 138 in severe increased eosinophils AECOPD (SEOS-AECOPD) group. Then, demographic data, underlying diseases, symptoms, and laboratory findings were collected. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify the independent factors associated with blood EOS. Correlations between blood EOS and its associated independent factors were evaluated. Results The significant differences in 19 factors, including underlying disease, clinical symptom, and laboratory parameters, were identified by univariate analysis. Subsequently, multiple logistic regression revealed that lymphocytes%, neutrophils% (NS%), procalcitonin (PCT), and anion gap (AG) were associated with blood EOS in AECOPD. Both blood EOS counts and EOS% significantly correlated with lymphocytes%, NS%, PCT, and AG. Conclusions The blood EOS was independently associated with lymphocytes%, NS%, PCT, and AG in AECOPD patients. Lymphocytes% was lower, and, NS%, PCT, and AG were higher in eosinophilic AECOPD. Our results indicate that viral dominant infections probably were the major etiology of eosinophilic AECOPD. Non-eosinophilic AECOPD was more likely associated with bacterial dominant infections. The systemic inflammation in non-eosinophilic AECOPD was more severe.
A comparison of standard occupational therapy versus early enhanced occupation-based therapy in a medical / surgical intensive care unit: study protocol for a single site feasibility trial (EFFORT-ICU).
Authors: Rapolthy-Beck Andrea , Fleming Jennifer , Turpin Merrill , Sosnowski Kellie , Dullaway Simone , White Hayden 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Admissions to intensive care units (ICUs) are increasing due to an aging population, and rising incidence of cardiac and respiratory disease. With advances in medical care, more patients are surviving an initial stay in critical care; however, they can experience ongoing health and cognitive limitations, that may influence return to baseline function up to a year post-admission. Recent research has focused on the introduction of early rehabilitation within the ICU to reduce long-term physical and cognitive complications. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and impact of providing early occupational therapy intervention, including cognitive stimulation and activities of daily living, to patients in intensive care.Methods: This study involves a single site randomised-controlled feasibility trial comparing standard occupational therapy care to an enhanced occupation-based therapy. Thirty mechanically ventilated ICU patients will be recruited and randomly allocated to the intervention or control group. The primary outcome measure is the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and secondary measures include the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), grip strength, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Short-Form 36 Health survey (SF-36). Measures will be collected by a blind assessor at discharge from intensive care, hospital discharge and a 90-day follow-up. Daily outcome measures including the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale (RASS) and Confusion Assessment Measure for intensive care units (CAM-ICU) will be taken prior to treatment. Participants in the intervention group will receive daily 60 minute sessions with an occupational therapist involving cognitive and functional activities such as self-care and grooming. At the follow-up, intervention group participants will be interviewed to gain user perspectives of the intervention. Feasibility data including recruitment and retention rates will be summarised descriptively. Parametric tests will compare outcomes between groups. Interview data will be thematically analysed.Discussion: This trial will provide information about the feasibility of investigating how occupational therapy interventions in ICU influence longer term outcomes. It aims to inform the design of a phase III multicentre trial of occupational therapy in critical care general medical intensive care units.Trial registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12618000374268; prospectively registered on 13th March 2018 / https://www.anzctr.org.au
PD-L1 associated with the expression of cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1 and p-S6 proteins and predicted a good prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Zheng Hongmei , Zhan Yuting , Yang Yang , Ning Yue , Wang Haihua , Wang Weiyuan , Fan Songqing 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aims

programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is the ligand of programmed death 1 (PD-1) which is a host immunity inhibitory receptor. PD-L1 expressed in tumor cells has being widely discussed, while there is little research about tumor intrinsic-PD-1. P-S6 is an important downstream effector of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This study aimed to investigate the expression of PD-L1 protein and its relationship with cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1 protein and p-S6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Methods

the expression of PD-L1, PD-1 and p-S6 proteins in tissues of NPC, non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelia, primary lesions and matching metastases was detected by immunohistochemistry.
Results

PD-L1, PD-1 and p-S6 expression and co-expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 proteins were significantly higher in NPC than those of in the non-cancerous nasopharyngeal epithelia, respectively (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was evidently elevated expression of PD-1 and co-expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in matched metastasis of NPC compared to their primary lesions (all P < 0.01). Overall survival rate for NPC patients with positive expression of PD-L1 (P = 0.035) was significantly higher than others. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis identified that positive expression of PD-L1 (P = 0.002) and p-S6 (P = 0.003) were independent prognostic factors for NPC patients.
Conclusions

positive expression of PD-L1 associated with expression of cancer cell-intrinsic PD-1 and p-S6, PD-L1 might be a good prognostic biomarker and p-S6 could serve as a valuable independent poor prognostic biomarker for NPC patients.
Cardiotoxicity Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Healthy and Long QT Syndrome Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhang Yizhe , Wang Meiting , Zhao Qi , Xing Hongyan , Yang Xin , Wang Xijie 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Cardiotoxicity associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been reported in several clinical trials and preclinical studies, whereas the toxicity in populations with congenital electrophysiological dysfunction remains unclarified.
Methods

We studied cardiotoxicities of four US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved TKIs with different targets by measuring changes in cardiomyocyte (CM) contractility. Contractions of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC)-CMs from healthy donors and long QT syndrome (LQT) patients were studied with an impedance-based bioanalytical method (xCELLigence® real-time cell analysis [RTCA] cardio system) to quantify TKI toxicity.
Results

Both healthy donor (wild type, WT)- and LQT patient-derived hiPSC-CMs exhibited a functional CM phenotype. The four TKIs inhibited the growth and contractility of CMs with different potencies. Crizotinib and dasatinib decreased the beating of both WT- and LQT-hiPSC-CMs with approximately equal potencies. Sunitinib weakened spontaneous pulsations of both kinds of cells, but the LQT-hiPSC-CMs showed higher sensitivity. In contrast, lapatinib exerted a milder effect on LQT- hiPSC-CMs.
Conclusions

Crizotinib, sunitinib, and lapatinib have a higher risk of inducing adverse cardiac events than dasatinib, and LQT1 patients should be particularly cautious with sunitinib. HiPSC-CMs derived from both healthy and patient-specific donors could improve precision medicine and preclinical cardiotoxicity evaluations.
Comparative Chloroplast Genomics of C3, Kranz type C4 and Single Cell C4 photosynthetic members of Chenopodiaceae
Authors: Sharpe Richard , Williamson-Benavides Bruce Andreas , Edwards Gerry , Dhingra Amit 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Chloroplast genome information is critical to understanding taxonomic relationships in the plant kingdom. During the evolutionary process, plants have developed different photosynthetic strategies that are accompanied by complementary biochemical and anatomical features. Members of family Chenopodiaceae have species with C3 photosynthesis and variations of C4 photosynthesis in which photorespiration is reduced by concentrating CO2 around Rubisco through dual coordinated functioning of dimorphic chloroplasts. Among dicots, the family has a large number of C4 species, and greatest structural and biochemical diversity in forms of C4 including the canonical dual-cell Kranz anatomy, and the recently identified single-cell C4 with the presence of dimorphic chloroplasts separated by a vacuole. This is the first comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes in species representative of photosynthetic types in the family. Results High quality and complete chloroplast genomes of eight species representing C3, Kranz type C4, and single-cell C4 (SSC4) photosynthesis were obtained using high throughput sequencing complemented with Sanger sequencing of selected loci. Six of the eight chloroplast genome sequences are new, while two represent corrected versions of previously published chloroplast genomes. Comparative genomic analysis with previously sequenced plastid genomes revealed a similar genome organization, gene order, and content with a few revisions. High-quality complete chloroplast genome sequences resulted in correcting the orientation of the LSC region of the published Bienertia sinuspersici chloroplast genome, identification of stop codons in the rpl23 gene in B. sinuspersici and B. cycloptera, and identifying an instance of IR expansion in the Haloxylon ammodendron inverted repeat sequence. The rare observation of a mitochondria-to-chloroplast inter-organellar gene transfer event was identified in family Chenopodiaceae. Conclusions This study reports complete chloroplast genomes from seven Chenopodiaceae and one Amaranthaceae species. The depth of coverage obtained using high-throughput sequencing complemented with targeted resequencing of certain loci enabled superior resolution of the border junctions, directionality, and repeat region sequences. Therefore, the use of high throughput and Sanger sequencing, in a hybrid method, reaffirms to be rapid, efficient, and reliable for chloroplast genome sequencing.
Antibacterial mechanism of rhodomyrtone involves the disruption of nucleoid segregation checkpoint in Streptococcus suis
Authors: Traithan Apichaya , Tongtawe Pongsri , Thanongsaksrikul Jeeraphong , Voravuthikunchai Supayang , Sriman Potjanee 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rhodomyrtone has been recently demonstrated to possess a novel antibiotic mechanism of action against Gram-positive bacteria which involves multiple targets, resulting in the interference of several bacterial biological processes including cell division. The present study aims to closely look at the downstream effect of rhodomyrtone treatment on nucleoid segregation in Streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of rhodomyrtone against recombinant S. suis ParB-GFP, a nucleoid segregation reporter strain, were 0.5 and 1 µg/ml, respectively, equivalent to the potency of vancomycin. Using fluorescence live-cell imaging, we demonstrated that rhodomyrtone at 2 × MIC caused incomplete nucleoid segregation and septum misplacement, leading to the generation of anucleated cells. FtsZ immune-staining of rhodomyrtone-treated S. suis for 30 min revealed that although large amount of FtsZ was trapped in the region of high fluidity membrane, it appeared to be able to polymerize to form a complete Z-ring. However, the Z-ring was shifted away from midcell. Transmission electron micrograph further confirmed disruption of nucleoid segregation and septum misplacement at 120 min following rhodomyrtone treatment. Asymmetric septum formation resulted in either generation of minicells without nucleoid, septum formed over incomplete segregated nucleoid (guillotine effect), or formation of multi-constriction of Z-ring within a single cell. This finding spotlights on antibacterial mechanism of rhodomyrtone involves the early stage in bacterial cell division process.
Arabidopsis sculpt distinct root-associated microbiomes through the synthesis of secondary metabolites and defense signaling molecules
Authors: Kudjordjie Enoch Narh , Sapkota Rumakanta , Nicolaisen Mogens 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Plant mutants with alterations in specific biosynthetic or signaling pathways exhibit distinct biochemical or physiological traits and are, thus, suitable models for studying links between the plant and its associated microbiota. Here, we examined microbial community structures of a range of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants disrupted in metabolic pathways for the production of glucosinolates, flavonoids, or a number of defense signaling molecules. Arabidopsis mutants and their background wild types (controls) were grown in natural soil and maintained in a greenhouse for 4 weeks before collection of roots for microbiome analysis. We characterized bacterial and fungal communities using 16S rRNA and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing, respectively.
Results

Our results showed that the Arabidopsis mutants had distinct microbial profiles compared to control plants. The relative abundances of the bacterial classes Actinobacteria, Thermoleophilia and Verrucomicrobiae, and the fungal classes Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes were the most affected when comparing mutants and their wild types. At the genus level, the bacterial taxa Azospirillum, Fluviicola, and Flavobacterium were significantly enriched in most glucosinolate, flavonoid and signaling mutants while the fungal taxa Sporobolomyces and Emericellopsis were enriched in several glucosinolate and defense signaling mutants.
Conclusion

By using different Arabidopsis mutants and their background controls, we showed that plant secondary metabolism and defense signaling molecules affect bacterial and fungal community structures. We conclude that disruption of pathways for secondary metabolite production or disruption of defense signaling pathways affected the innate mechanisms that modulate plant root-associated microbiome assembly.
Experimental Evidence of Microbial Inheritance in Plants and Transmission Routes from Seed to Phyllosphere and Root
Authors: Abdelfattah Ahmed , Wisniewski Michael , Schena Leonardo , Tack Ayco J.M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background While the environment is considered the primary origin for establishing the microbiome of newly developing plants, the potential role of seeds as a source of transmitting microorganisms has not received much attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that the plant microbiome is at least partially inherited through vertical transmission. We investigated where microbes reside within a seed, and how microbes are subsequently transmitted from the seed to seedling’s belowground and aboveground plant tissues. To this aim, an experimental culturing device was constructed to grow oak seedlings in a microbe-free environment while keeping the belowground and aboveground tissues separated.Results Amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS2 and bacterial 16S rDNA revealed that the seed microbiome is diverse and non-randomly distributed within an acorn. The large majority (> 95%) of fungi and bacteria present in the acorn were transmitted to the seedling. The microbial composition of the phyllosphere strongly resembled the composition found in the embryo, whereas the roots and pericarp each had a distinct microbial community. Similar relationships were observed for both fungi and bacteria.Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a high level of microbial diversity and spatial partitioning of the fungal and bacterial community within both seed and seedling, indicating inheritance, niche differentiation, and divergent transmission routes for the establishment of root and phyllosphere communities in oak seedlings. The study provides new information on the importance of the maternal environment as a source of the seedling microbiome, with significant implications for our understanding of the continuity of the plant microbiome across generations.
Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence in Canada: A Systematic Review of Prevalence, Predictors, and Clinical Impact
Authors: Holbrook Anne Marie , Wang Mei , Lee Munil , Chen Zhiyuan , Garcia Michael , Nguyen Laura , Ford Angela , Manji Selina , Law Michael R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Cost-related nonadherence to medications (CRNA) is common in many countries and thought to be associated with adverse outcomes. The characteristics of CRNA in Canada, with its patchwork coverage of increasingly expensive medications, is unclear. Objectives Our objective in this systematic review was to summarize the literature evaluating CRNA in Canada in three domains: prevalence, predictors, and effect on clinical outcomes. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from 1992 to December 2019 using search terms covering medication adherence, costs, and Canada. Eligible studies, without restriction on design, had to have original data on at least one of the three domains specifically for Canadian participants. Articles were identified and reviewed in duplicate. Risk of bias was assessed using design-specific tools. Results: Twenty-six studies of varying quality (n=483,065 Canadians) were eligible for inclusion. Sixteen studies reported on the overall prevalence of CRNA, with population-based estimates ranging from 5.1% to 10.2%. Factors predicting CRNA included high out of pocket spending, low income or financial flexibility, lack of drug insurance, younger age, and poorer health. A single randomized trial of free essential medications with free delivery in Ontario improved adherence but did not find any change in clinical outcomes at one year. Conclusion: CRNA affects many Canadians. The estimated percentage depends on the sampling frame, the main predictors tend to be financial, and its association with clinical outcomes in Canada remains unproven.
The substitution of T271A in PB2 protein could enhance the infectivity and pathogenicity of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses in mice
Authors: Feng Zhaomin , Zhu Wenfei , Zhou Lijuan , Chen Yongkun , Li Xiyan , Gao Rongbao , Liu Jia , Wang Dayan , Shu Yuelong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCurrently, Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) swine influenza viruses (SIVs) are widely prevalent in pigs in China, with sporadic human cases reported as well. As one of the key molecular makers detected in avian H5N1 and H 7N9 viruses and pandemic H1N1 2009 virus, contributions of T271A in PB2 protein to the EA H1N1 viruses are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of residue 271 in PB2 protein on the viral properties of EA H1N1 viruses.MethodsInfectivity, replication, virulence and pathogenicity of the recombinant viruses containing A or T in position 271 in PB2 protein were studied in cells and mice.ResultsThe results showed that the substitution PB2-T271A increased the viral replication in mammalian and avian cell lines. In addition, the mutation enhanced the viral infectivity, virulence and pathogenicity in mice. The viral titers of lung tissue in the rgHuN271A virus were higher than that of the rgHuN271T at 1, 4, and 7 dpi. The MID50 of the rgHuN271A and rgHuN271T virus were 101.1 TCID50 and 101.9 TCID50, respectively. Besides, the substitution of PB2-T271A enhanced the viral polymerase activity in mammalian cells.ConclusionsThe pathogenicity and replication of EA H1N1 virus containing 271A in PB2 protein were higher than the EA H1N1 virus containing 271T in PB2 protein in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the PB2-T271A mutation should be continually monitored in influenza viruses circulating in pigs and humans.
Long-term outcomes of mitral valve replacement in patients weighing less than 10 kg
Authors: Yuan Haoyong , Wu Zhongshi , Lu Ting , Tang Yilun , Chen Jinlan , Yang Yifeng , Huang Can 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The techniques of mitral valve repair（MVP ) in children have been well established and provide acceptable long-term outcomes; certain pediatric patients require mitral valve replacement (MVR) after an unsuccessful MVP. The outcomes of MVR in pediatrict especially in the patients weighning are not always favorable. This study aimed to measure long-term outcomes of MVR at our institute.Methods: Nine young children weighing less than 10 kg underwent MVR from November 2006 to April 2019. Their mean age was 11.88 ± 11.29 months and mean body weight was 6.83 ± 2.56 kg at the time of initial MVR. Four patients (44.4%) had undergone at least one previous cardiac surgical procedure prior to MVR. Several surgical techniques were used to implant mechanical bileaflet prostheses.Results: All patients received bileaflet mechanical prostheses. The surgical technique varied among the patients with valves implanted intra-annularly (n = 5), supra-annularly (n=1), or supra-annularly with a tilt (n = 3). The valve size/weight ratio ranged from 2.11 to 5.00. After a mean follow-up period of 80.67 ± 63.37 months, the survival rate was 66.67%. One (11.1%) patient underwent an immediate revision MVR after initial MVR for the preprosthetic leak. No patients required surgical reintervention for the development of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction or permanent pacemaker placement during long-term follow-up.Conclusions: The tailored surgical strategy utilized for MVR in infants resulted in reliable valve function and excellent survival. Although revision is inevitable due to somatic growth, the bileaflet mechanical prostheses displayed appropriate durability.