bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focused fluid flow and methane venting along the Queen Charlotte fault, offshore Alaska (USA) and British Columbia (Canada)
Authors: Prouty Nancy G. , Brothers Daniel S. , Kluesner Jared W. , Barrie J. Vaughn , Andrews Brian D. , Lauer Rachel M. , Greene H. Gary , Conrad James E. , Lorenson Thomas D. , Law Michael D. , Sahy Diana , Conway Kim , McGann Mary L. , Dartnell Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluid seepage along obliquely deforming plate boundaries can be an important indicator of crustal permeability and influence on fault-zone mechanics and hydrocarbon migration. The ∼850-km-long Queen Charlotte fault (QCF) is the dominant structure along the right-lateral transform boundary that separates the Pacific and North American tectonic plates offshore southeastern Alaska (USA) and western British Columbia (Canada). Indications for fluid seepage along the QCF margin include gas bubbles originating from the seafloor and imaged in the water column, chemosynthetic communities, precipitates of authigenic carbonates, mud volcanoes, and changes in the acoustic character of seismic reflection data. Cold seeps sampled in this study preferentially occur along the crests of ridgelines associated with uplift and folding and between submarine canyons that incise the continental slope strata. With carbonate stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values ranging from −46‰ to −3‰, there is evidence of both microbial and thermal degradation of organic matter of continental-margin sediments along the QCF. Both active and dormant venting on ridge crests indicate that the development of anticlines is a key feature along the QCF that facilitates both trapping and focused fluid flow. Geochemical analyses of methane-derived authigenic carbonates are evidence of fluid seepage along the QCF since the Last Glacial Maximum. These cold seeps sustain vibrant chemosynthetic communities such as clams and bacterial mats, providing further evidence of venting of reduced chemical fluids such as methane and sulfide along the QCF.
Challenges of a simplified opt-out consent process in a neonatal randomised controlled trial: qualitative study of parents’ and health professionals’ views and experiences
Authors: McLeish Jenny , Alderdice Fiona , Robberts Helen , Cole Christina , Dorling Jon , Gale Chris 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundMore effective recruitment strategies like alternative approaches to consent are needed to facilitate adequately powered trials. Witholding Enteral feeds Around Transfusion was a multicentre, randomised, pilot trial that compared withholding and continuing feeds around transfusion. The primary clinical outcome was necrotising enterocolitis. The trial used simplified opt-out consent with concise parent information and no consent form.ObjectiveTo explore the views and experiences of parents and health professionals on the acceptability and feasibility of opt-out consent in randomised comparative effectiveness trials.MethodsA qualitative, descriptive interview-based study nested within a randomised trial. Semistructured interview transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.SettingEleven neonatal units in England.ParticipantsEleven parents and ten health professionals with experience of simplified consent.ResultsFive themes emerged: ‘opt-out consent operationalised as verbal opt-in consent’, ‘opt-out consent normalises participation while preserving parental choice’, ‘opt-out consent as an ongoing process of informed choice’, ‘consent without a consent form’ and ‘choosing to opt out of a comparative effectiveness trial’, with two subthemes: ‘wanting “normal care”’ and ‘a belief that feeding is better’.ConclusionIntroducing a novel form of consent proved challenging in practice. The principle of a simplified, opt-out approach to consent was generally considered feasible and acceptable by health professionals for a neonatal comparative effectiveness trial. The priority for parents was having the right to decide about trial participation, and they did not see opt-out consent as undermining this. Describing a study as ‘opt-out’ can help to normalise participation and emphasise that parents can withdraw consent.
Perceptions of non-successful families attending a weight-management clinic
Authors: Cox Jennifer S , Searle Aidan J , Hinton Elanor C , Giri Dinesh , Shield Julian P H 
Published: November 2020

Objective
This study seeks to understand family’s perceptions of their care at a paediatric weight management service, with a view to informing service improvement.

Design
A qualitative service review conducted via semistructured interviews with parents (n=11) and children (n=3) who attended the clinic. The recruitment was open to all, but those who were not succeeding in their weight-loss goals self-selected to participate. Self-Determination Theory was used as a framework to explore families’ experiences of the clinic.

Setting
Recruitment occurred during clinical appointments and interviews were conducted over the phone in the days following the appointments.

Patients
The service sees paediatric patients with a body mass index >99th percentile, with comorbidities or safeguarding concerns.

Interventions
The clinic’s service includes appointments typically every 2 months, with a multidisciplinary team including consultant endocrinologists, a dietician, a clinical psychologist, a social worker and a clinical nurse specialist.

Main outcome measures
Families’ feedback on the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) clinic, and their perceptions of how improvements could be made.

Results
Families perceive a lack of autonomy, competency and feel a lack of connectivity both in their lives broadly and within their experience at the clinic.

Conclusions
Interventions in families struggling with weight improvements should see the clinical team placing more emphasis on working alongside parents to develop young people’s sense of self-determination. Expectations must be set that success originates from changes outside of clinical appointments and that the clinical team is in place to support the family’s development of sustainable, self-determined lifestyle habits.
Paediatric poisoning exposures in schools: reports to Australia’s largest poisons centre
Authors: Ly Jennifer , Brown Jared A , Buckley Nicholas A , Cairns Rose 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo describe poisoning exposures occurring at school in a large sample of Australian children.DesignA population-based retrospective cohort study.SettingCases reported to the New South Wales Poisons Information Centre (NSWPIC), Australia’s largest poisons information centre, taking 50% of the nation’s poisoning calls.PatientsPoisoning exposures occurring in children and adolescents while at school were included, over a 4.5-year period (January 2014 to June 2018).Main outcome measuresTime trends in poisonings, demographics, exposure characteristics, substances involved, disposition.ResultsThere were 1751 calls relating to exposures at school made to NSWPIC. Most calls concerned accidental exposures (60.8%, n=1064), followed by deliberate self-poisonings (self-harm, 12.3%, n=216). Over a quarter of cases were hospitalised (n=468), where the call originated from hospital or patients referred to hospital by NSWPIC. Disposition varied by exposure type, and hospitalisation was highest with deliberate self-poisonings (92.6%, n=200), recreational exposures (57.1%, n=12) and other intentional exposures (32.6%, n=45). The median age was 12 (IQR 8–15 years), and 54.7% were male (n=958). The most common pharmaceutical exposures were to paracetamol (n=100), methylphenidate (n=78) and ibuprofen (n=53), with the majority being deliberate self-poisonings. Copper sulfate was responsible for 55 science class cases, 45% of which were hospitalised. Cases may be increasing, with 81.3 (±8.2) calls per quarter, 2014–2016, and 129.3 (±24.3) calls per quarter, 2017–2018.ConclusionsPoisoning exposures occurring at school are common, with disposition and substances involved varying considerably by exposure reason. The relatively high number of referrals to hospital highlights the need for investigation into preventative measures.
Outcomes at five to eight years of age for children with Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Allin Benjamin Saul Raywood , Opondo Charles , Bradnock Timothy John , Kenny Simon Edward , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Walker Gregor M , Knight Marian ,   NETS2HD collaboration
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study describes core outcomes of Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) in a UK-wide cohort of primary school-aged children.DesignA prospective cohort study conducted from 1 October 2010 to 30 September 2012. Outcomes data were collected from parents and clinicians when children were 5–8 years of age, and combined with data collected at birth, and 28 days and 1 year post diagnosis.SettingAll 28 UK and Irish paediatric surgical centres.ParticipantsChildren with histologically proven HD diagnosed at <6 months of age.Main outcome measuresNETS1HD core outcomes.ResultsData were returned for 239 (78%) of 305 children. Twelve children (5%) died prior to 5 years of age.Of the 227 surviving children, 30 (13%) had a stoma and 21 (9%) were incontinent of urine. Of the 197 children without a stoma, 155 (79%) maintained bowel movements without enemas/washouts, while 124 (63%) reported faecal incontinence. Of the 214 surviving children who had undergone a pull-through operation, 95 (44%) underwent ≥1 unplanned reoperation. 89 unplanned reoperations (27%) were major/complex.Of the 83 children with returned PedsQL scores, 37 (49%) had quality of life scores, and 31 (42%) had psychological well-being scores, that were ≥1 SD lower than the reference population mean for children without HD.ConclusionThis study gives a realistic picture of population outcomes of HD in primary school-aged children in the UK/Ireland. The high rates of faecal incontinence, unplanned procedures and low quality of life scores are sobering. Ensuring clinicians address the bladder, bowel and psychological problems experienced by children should be a priority.
Serum microRNA as indicators of Wolfram syndrome’s progression in neuroimaging studies
Authors: Zmyslowska Agnieszka , Stanczak Marcin , Nowicka Zuzanna , Waszczykowska Arleta , Baranska Dobromila , Fendler Wojciech , Borowiec Maciej , Młynarski Wojciech 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionPatients with the ultra-rare Wolfram syndrome (WFS) develop insulin-dependent diabetes and progressive neurodegeneration. The aim of the study was to quantify microRNAs (miRNAs) in sera from patients with WFS, correlate their expression with neurological imaging over time and compare miRNA levels with those observed in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).Research design and methodsWe quantified miRNA expression (Qiagen, Germany) in two groups of patients: with WFS at study entry (n=14) and after 2 years of follow-up and in 15 glycated hemoglobin-matched (p=0.72) patients with T1DM.ResultsWe observed dynamic changes in the expression of multiple miRNAs in patients with WFS parallel to disease progression and in comparison to the T1DM patients group. Among miRNAs that differed between baseline and follow-up WFS samples, the level of 5 increased over time (miR-375, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-30, miR-145-5p and miR-193a-5p) and was inversely correlated with macular average thickness, while the expression of 2 (let-7g-5p and miR-22-3p) decreased and was directly correlated with neuroimaging indicators of neurodegeneration.ConclusionsOur findings show for the first time that serum miRNAs can be used as easily accessible indicators of disease progression in patients with WFS, potentially facilitating clinical trials on mitigating neurodegeneration.
First report of fatal tick pyaemia caused by heavy infestation with the red sheep tick, Haemaphysalis punctata and co‐infection with Babesia and Theileria species
Authors: Macrelli Michele , Phipps Paul , McGinley Liz , Medlock Jolyon , Johnson Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

Tick pyaemia is a disease of sheep characterised by the development of internal abscesses caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The disease is normally triggered by infestation with Ixodes ricinus and can be exacerbated by co‐infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Here the authors report the finding of tick pyaemia in a sheep flock suffering from high mortality caused by severe infestation with the red sheep tick, Haemaphysalis punctata. Tick pyaemia was confirmed by gross identification of internal abscesses in two lambs and isolation of S aureus from these lesions, with concurrent identification of H punctata ticks on the carcases. Additionally, Babesia motasi and Theileria luwenshuni were detected by pan‐piroplasm PCR in the blood of infested animals including the two sent for postmortem examination.Anaplasma phagocytophilum was not detected. These findings suggest that infestation with H punctata is capable of inducing tick pyaemia in lambs and that this may be exacerbated by coinfection with piroplasms.
Rheological evaluation of asphalt cement derived from Alberta’s oil sand bitumen at different distillation temperatures
Authors: Bala Nura , Ghasemirad Amirhossein , Hashemian Leila 
Published: November 2020

In this study, high, intermediate, and low-temperature properties of two crude oil asphalts and three different oil sand bitumens from Alberta’s oil sands distilled at distillation temperatures of 400 °C, 430 °C, and 460 °C were evaluated. High and intermediate temperature properties, of the asphalt binders at different distillation temperatures were studied using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) through performance grading (PG) test. Low-temperature properties and performance grading were evaluated using a bending beam rheometer (BBR). The DSR high-temperature analysis indicated that oil sand bitumens distilled at high temperatures have significantly higher stiffness and are able to satisfy the Superpave PG binder performance specifications, particularly with respect to rutting resistance. BBR low-temperature resistance shows that, irrespective of the asphalt source, oil sand bitumens distilled at lower temperatures are more resistant to cracking at low temperatures. The overall results indicate that oil sand bitumens are thus suitable to be used for both asphalt pavements requiring low and high-temperature resistance.
AdS black holes with higher derivative corrections in presence of string cloud
Authors: Dey Tanay K. , Mukhopadhyay Subir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider asymptotically AdS black hole solutions in Einstein Gauss Bonnet gravity in presence of string clouds. As in the case of black hole solutions in Gauss Bonnet gravity, it admits three black hole solutions in presence of string clouds as well within a region of the parameter space. Using holography, we have studied the quark–antiquark distance and binding energy in the dual gauge theory.
Double Higgs boson production and Higgs self-coupling extraction at CLIC
Authors: Roloff Philipp , Schnoor Ulrike , Simoniello Rosa , Xu Boruo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a future electron–positron collider that will allow measurements of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling in double Higgs boson events produced at its high-energy stages with collision energies from $$\sqrt{s}$$

s

= 1.4 to 3 TeV. The sensitivity to the Higgs self-coupling is driven by the measurements of the cross section and the invariant mass distribution of the Higgs-boson pair in the W-boson fusion process, $$\text {e}^{+}\text {e}^{-}\rightarrow {\text {H}\text {H}\nu \bar{\nu }}$$

e
+

e
-

→

HH
ν

ν

¯

. It is enhanced by including the cross-section measurement of ZHH production at 1.4 TeV. The expected sensitivity of CLIC for Higgs pair production through W-boson fusion is studied for the decay channels $$\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}$$

b

b

¯

b

b

¯

and $$\mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{W}^{*}$$

b

b

¯

W

W

∗

using full detector simulation including all relevant backgrounds at $$\sqrt{s}$$

s

= 1.4 TeV with an integrated luminosity of $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
= 2.5 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

and at $$\sqrt{s}$$

s

= 3 TeV with $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
= 5 ab$$^{-1}$$

-
1

. Combining $$\text {e}^{+}\text {e}^{-}\rightarrow {\text {H}\text {H}\nu \bar{\nu }}$$

e
+

e
-

→

HH
ν

ν

¯

and ZHH cross-section measurements at 1.4 TeV with differential measurements in $$\text {e}^{+}\text {e}^{-}\rightarrow {\text {H}\text {H}\nu \bar{\nu }}$$

e
+

e
-

→

HH
ν

ν

¯

events at 3 TeV, CLIC will be able to measure the trilinear Higgs self-coupling with a relative uncertainty of $$-8\%$$

-
8
%

and $$ +11\%$$

+
11
%

at 68% C.L., assuming the Standard Model. In addition, prospects for simultaneous constraints on the trilinear Higgs self-coupling and the Higgs-gauge coupling HHWW are derived based on the $${\text {H}\text {H}\nu \bar{\nu }}$$

HH
ν

ν

¯

measurement.
Inflation near a metastable de Sitter vacuum from moduli stabilisation
Authors: Antoniadis Ignatios , Lacombe Osmin , Leontaris George K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study the cosmological properties of a metastable de Sitter vacuum obtained recently in the framework of type IIB flux compactifications in the presence of three D7-brane stacks, based on perturbative quantum corrections at both world-sheet and string loop level that are dominant at large volume and weak coupling. In the simplest case, the model has one effective parameter controlling the shape of the potential of the inflaton which is identified with the volume modulus. The model provides a phenomenological successful small-field inflation for a value of the parameter that makes the minimum very shallow and near the maximum. The horizon exit is close to the inflection point while most of the required e-folds of the Universe expansion are generated near the minimum, with a prediction for the ratio of tensor-to-scalar primordial fluctuations $$r\simeq 4\times 10^{-4}$$

r
≃
4
×

10

-
4

. Despite its shallowness, the minimum turns out to be practically stable. We show that it can decay only through the Hawking–Moss instanton leading to an extremely long decay rate. Obviously, in order to end inflation and obtain a realistic model, new low-energy physics is needed around the minimum, at intermediate energy scales of order $$10^{12}$$

10
12

GeV. An attractive possibility is by introducing a “waterfall” field within the framework of hybrid inflation.
Hidden-bottom molecular states from $$\varSigma ^{(*)}_bB^{(*)}-\varLambda _bB^{(*)}$$ interaction
Authors: Zhu Jun-Tao , Kong Shu-Yi , Liu Yi , He Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study possible hidden-bottom molecular pentaquarks $$P_b$$

P
b

from coupled-channel $$\varSigma ^{(*)}_bB^{(*)}-\varLambda _bB^{(*)}$$

Σ
b

(

∗
)

B

(

∗
)

-

Λ
b

B

(

∗
)

interaction in the quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. In isodoublet sector with $$I=1/2$$

I
=
1
/
2

, with the same reasonable parameters the interaction produces seven molecular states, a state near $$ \varSigma _bB$$

Σ
b

B

threshold with spin parity $$J^P=1/2^-$$

J
P

=
1
/

2
-

, a state near $$\varSigma ^*_bB$$

Σ
b
∗

B

threshold with $$3/2^-$$

3
/

2
-

, two states near $$\varSigma _bB^*$$

Σ
b

B
∗

threshold with $$1/2^-$$

1
/

2
-

and $$3/2^-$$

3
/

2
-

, and three states near $$\varSigma _b^*B^*$$

Σ
b
∗

B
∗

threshold with $$1/2^-$$

1
/

2
-

, $$3/2^-$$

3
/

2
-

, and $$5/2^-$$

5
/

2
-

. The results suggest that three states near $$\varSigma _b^* B^*$$

Σ
b
∗

B
∗

threshold and two states near $$\varSigma _b B^*$$

Σ
b

B
∗

threshold are very close, respectively, which may be difficult to distinguish in experiment without partial wave analysis. Compared with the hidden-charm pentaquark, the $$P_b$$

P
b

states are relatively narrow with widths at an order of magnitude of 1 MeV or smaller. The importance of each channel considered is also discussed, and it is found that the $$\varLambda _b B^*$$

Λ
b

B
∗

channel provides important contribution for the widths of those states. In isoquartet sector with $$I=3/2$$

I
=
3
/
2

, cutoff should be considerably enlarged to achieve bound states from the interaction, which makes the existence of such states unreliable. The results in the current work are helpful for searching for hidden-bottom molecular pentaquarks in future experiments, such as the COMPASS, J-PARC, and the Electron Ion Collider in China (EicC).
Knowledge Graph Driven Approach to Represent Video Streams for Spatiotemporal Event Pattern Matching in Complex Event Processing
Authors: Yadav Piyush , Salwala Dhaval , Das Dibya Prakash , Curry Edward 
Published: November 2020

Complex Event Processing (CEP) is an event processing paradigm to perform real-time analytics over streaming data and match high-level event patterns. Presently, CEP is limited to process structured data stream. Video streams are complicated due to their unstructured data model and limit CEP systems to perform matching over them. This work introduces a graph-based structure for continuous evolving video streams, which enables the CEP system to query complex video event patterns. We propose the Video Event Knowledge Graph (VEKG), a graph-driven representation of video data. VEKG models video objects as nodes and their relationship interaction as edges over time and space. It creates a semantic knowledge representation of video data derived from the detection of high-level semantic concepts from the video using an ensemble of deep learning models. A CEP-based state optimization — VEKG-Time Aggregated Graph (VEKG-TAG) — is proposed over VEKG representation for faster event detection. VEKG-TAG is a spatiotemporal graph aggregation method that provides a summarized view of the VEKG graph over a given time length. We defined a set of nine event pattern rules for two domains (Activity Recognition and Traffic Management), which act as a query and applied over VEKG graphs to discover complex event patterns. To show the efficacy of our approach, we performed extensive experiments over 801 video clips across 10 datasets. The proposed VEKG approach was compared with other state-of-the-art methods and was able to detect complex event patterns over videos with [Formula: see text]-Score ranging from 0.44 to 0.90. In the given experiments, the optimized VEKG-TAG was able to reduce 99% and 93% of VEKG nodes and edges, respectively, with 5.19[Formula: see text] faster search time, achieving sub-second median latency of 4–20[Formula: see text]ms.