bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of circular nano-silica concrete filled stainless steel tube stub columns after being exposed to freezing and thawing
Authors: Lin Qingjie , Chen Yu , Liu Chao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExperimental research on circular nano-silica concrete filled stainless steel tube (C-CFSST) stub columns after being exposed to freezing and thawing is carried out in this paper. All of forty specimens were tested in this paper, including nine C-CFSST specimens at normal temperature, 28 short columns of C-CFSST for freeze-thaw treatment and three circular hollow stainless steel stub columns. The failure mode, load-displacement curves, load-strain curves and load-bearing capacity were obtained and analyzed in this paper. The main parameters explored in the test include the number of freeze-thaw cycles (N=0, N=50, N=75, and N=100), wall thickness (T=1.0mm, T=1.2mm, T=1.5mm) andnano-silica concrete strength (fc=20MPa, fc=30MPa, fc=40MPa). The result shows that C-CFSST short columns at normal temperature and subjected to freezing and thawing follow similar failure mode. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles (N) of 50 on bearing capacity of C-CFSST column was maximal, and then the influence of N on the bearing capacity of specimens was small when N reached to 75, finally the effect of N on bearing capacity of C-CFSST column was large when N reached to 100. The bearing capacity of C-CFSST columns increases with increasing wall thickness. In addition, the loss percentage of bearing capacity of specimens (fc=40MPa) for freeze-thaw treatment is maximal, and the loss percentage of bearing capacity of specimens (fc=30MPa) for freeze-thaw treatment is minimal. According to the test results, this paper proposed a formula to calculate the bearing capacity of C-CFSST short columns for freeze-thaw treatment.
Arc erosion behavior of TiB2/Cu composites with single-scale and dual-scale TiB2 particles
Authors: Li Shaolin , Guo Xiuhua , Zhang Shengli , Feng Jiang , Song Kexing , Liang Shuhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArc erosion behaviors of TiB2/Cu composites with single-scale and dual-scale TiB2 particles fabricated by powder metallurgy were studied. It was revealed that the dual-scale TiB2/Cu composites had fewer structure defects compared with the single-scale TiB2/Cu composites, and TiB2 particles with different size were uniformly distributed in the copper matrix. When the ratio of 2 μm over 50 μm TiB2 particles is 1:2, the density of TiB2/Cu composite is 98.5% and shows best mechanical and thermal properties. The arc duration and energy of TiB2/Cu composites increase with the increase of electric current in contact material testing. Compared with the single-scale TiB2/Cu composites, the arc erosion of dual-scale TiB2/Cu composite with 2 μm+50 μm (1:2) TiB2 was slighter. The anode bulge area and cathode erosion pit of dual-scale TiB2/Cu composite was smaller. The dual-scale TiB2 particles optimize the microstructure and thermal stability of the composite, which is conducive to alleviating arc erosion. The synergistic effect of different sized TiB2 particles in the matrix improved the arc erosion resistance of TiB2/Cu composite during arcing.
On the polysemy of the Polish complete path construction: A corpus-based exploratory study
Authors: Bębeniec Daria , Cudna Małgorzata 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a corpus-based analysis of two major types of the Polish Complete Path (CP) construction in which a source-PP, headed byod+GEN, is immediately followed by a goal-PP, headed bydo+GEN orpo+ACC, as inodjesieni 1920dojesieni 1921‘fromautumn 1920toautumn 1921’ andodkreskówekporysunki techniczne‘fromcartoonstotechnical drawings’. The aim of the study is to shed some light on the polysemous structure of the CP construction on the basis of its usage patterns. To this end, we used a random sample of over 500 instances of both construction types retrieved from the National Corpus of Polish. The data were annotated for a number formal and semantic features and subsequently explored using hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. When interpreting the results of several analyses performed on different sets of variables, we gave special attention to three levels of semantic granularity encoded in the data, concluding that, on the whole, all analyses point towards a distinction between the spatial, temporal and abstract meanings of the construction under investigation.
What model for the target rate
Authors: Feunou Bruno , Fontaine Jean-Sébastien , Jin Jianjian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Federal Reserve target rate has a lower bound. Changes to the target rate occur with discrete increments. Using out-of-sample forecasts of the target rate, we evaluate models incorporating these two realistic non-linear features. Incorporating these features mitigates in-sample over-fitting and improves out-of-sample forecast accuracy of the target rate level and volatility. A model with these features performs better relative to the linear models because (i) it produces stronger responses of forecasts to inflation and unemployment and a weaker response to lagged target rate, and because (ii) it yields very different forecast distributions when the target rate is close to the lower bound.
Halls at Borre: the discovery of three large buildings at a Late Iron and Viking Age royal burial site in Norway
Authors: Tonning Christer , Schneidhofer Petra , Nau Erich , Gansum Terje , Lia Vibeke , Gustavsen Lars , Filzwieser Roland , Wallner Mario , Kristiansen Monica , Neubauer Wolfgang , Paasche Knut , Trinks Immo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The VIMOA project and archaeological heritage in the Nuussuaq Peninsula of north-west Greenland
Authors: Walsh Matthew J. , Tejsner Pelle , Carlson Daniel F. , Vergeynst Leendert , Kjeldsen Kasper U. , Gründger Friederike , Dai Hanjing , Thomsen Steffen , Laursen Erik 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling: Wired and Phasic, Not Tonic, and Causing Behavior
Authors: Sarter Martin , Lustig Cindy 
Published: January 2020

Conceptualizations of cholinergic signaling as primarily spatially diffuse and slow-acting are based largely on measures of extracellular brain ACh levels that require several minutes to generate a single data point. In addition, most such studies inhibited the highly potent catalytic enzyme for ACh, AChE, to facilitate measurement of ACh. Absent such inhibition, AChE limits the presence of ambient ACh and thus renders it unlikely that ACh influences target regions via slow changes in extracellular ACh concentrations. We describe an alternative view by which forebrain signaling in cortex driving cognition is largely phasic (milliseconds to perhaps seconds), and unlikely to be volume-transmitted. This alternative is supported by new evidence from real-time amperometric recordings of cholinergic signaling indicating a specific function of rapid, phasic, transient cholinergic signaling in attentional contexts. Previous neurochemical evidence may be reinterpreted in terms of integrated phasic cholinergic activity that mediates specific behavioral and cognitive operations; this reinterpretation fits well with recent computational models. Optogenetic studies support a causal relationship between cholinergic transients and behavior. This occurs in part via transient-evoked muscarinic receptor-mediated high-frequency oscillations in cortical regions. Such oscillations outlast cholinergic transients and thus link transient ACh signaling with more sustained postsynaptic activity patterns to support relatively persistent attentional biases. Reconceptualizing cholinergic function as spatially specific, phasic, and modulating specific cognitive operations is theoretically powerful and may lead to pharmacologic treatments more effective than those based on traditional views.Dual Perspectives Companion Paper:Diverse Spatiotemporal Scales of Cholinergic Signaling in the Neocortex, by Anita A. Disney and Michael J. Higley
Cultura popular e identidad nacional
Authors: Molina Rafael Cuevas 
Published: January 2020

El presente ensayo plantea consideraciones para una aproximación “des-sacralizadora” a los mitos fundantes de las nacionalidades contemporáneas, identificar los intereses de clase que se encuentran detrás de ellos, las contradicciones que esconden tras la retórica y mostrar los procesos por medio de los cuales se construyeron dichas identidades en determinadas circunstancias históricas.
Pedagogía para la paz en la extensión universitaria: una propuesta lúdica con juegos cooperativos
Authors: Cerdas-Agüero Evelyn 
Published: January 2020

Este texto, por medio de un abor­daje cualitativo de análisis teórico y reflexivo, tiene como objetivos pro­mover la educación para la paz como eje pedagógico en la extensión univer­sitaria y generar una reflexión acerca de la trascendencia de incorporar el juego cooperativo en los procesos de extensión en la UNA.
Se concluye que la educación y los procesos grupales se pueden articular en torno al juego coopera­tivo como eje fundamental que permite construir saberes colectivos, promover vivencias, así como el desarrollo de de­terminadas habilidades para el fortale­cimiento de procesos grupales.
THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SPATIAL LOCATION OF LVIV IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 13TH CENTURY
Authors: Dolynska Maryana 
Published: January 2020

The researches during the last 20 years have shown that there were some spatial features of Magdeburg (city) rule in that time. Primarily the structure of the town was similar to other Central or Western European towns: a castle (castrum, burg, grad, dytynets) and an extensive settlement (podil), the latter having no fortifications and being where merchants and craftsmen lived. The initial formation of the city territory based on the principles of the spatial location of the cities of the German law started around the 70-th years of 13 century – the times of rule of duke Lev.No research this period the author has applied the methodology of recreating the historical topography based on the retrospective comparison of the prestatictical sources and applying it to the historical maps of the period. The primary Lviv space of the 13th century was based on the real-estate of the first Lviv «advocatus», Bertold Stecher, and the «laneus» area of Maria Snizhna Church. (Laneus – medieval measure of area, the similar term «mansus»). The 1368th manuscript explained the German family Stecher received land from Duke Lev without being subject to any rent. This real-estate consisted of three parts; the villa (a house in the countryside); allod (the land owned andnot subject to any rent); and the molendinum (mill).After the late 19th-century comment to Latin text insisted that all of these parts of real-estate were Everyone of Lviv`s historians knows were sure these advocates Bertold Stecher`s real-estate (villa Maly Vinyk, allod Podpresk and molendinum Schilzkikut) were nearby contemporary town Vynnyky and far from 13th -14th cc. town of Lviv and far one from another.Using both the method of the retrospective location of real estate and systematic-criterion approach allows to made hard conclusion, that originally, the Maria Snizhna church «laneus» was near the Stecher mill and this «laneus» had divided the Duke`s jurisdiction from the Stecher settlement. Villa Maly Vinyk have changed its name to «Zamarstyniv ». All these real-estate parts constituted the core of the town of the Magdeburg rule. Lviv`s downtown (town within walls) has the typical Middle Age’s spatial urban form, but some specific of it shows it was founded in the 13th century
THE ISSUES OF THE DEFENCE AND SECURITY OF RUTHENIAN CITIES IN THE SEJMS OF THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH IN THE 15TH – FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURY
Authors: Hoshko Tetiana 
Published: January 2020

The difficult international situation and the constant threat of war forced the king and nobility to pay special attention to the issues of state defence. The problem was often discussed at the Sejm sessions, including the question of the defence and order in the cities. Private and small towns, too, were not deprived of attention. Not only townspeople but also representatives of the nobility, first of all, starosta or vice-starosta were often made responsible for strengthening the defence capability of cities. The Sejms considered the building and strengthening of city walls, measures that would prevent their destruction, and providing cities with all necessary to counter hostile attacks. The Sejm constitutions not only exempted cities from some taxes so that the funds were used to strengthen the city walls but also protected them from the possible lawlessness of the nobility. The Sejms also prescribed the duties of the cities in the event of war and their involvement in the pospolite ruszenie. True, despite the difficult international situation, most of the Sejms’ resolutions were only addressed to individual cities. In practice, the issues of development and strengthening of cities did not rise in the Sejms systematically.
BASE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UKRAINIAN CITY TOPONYMY HISTORICAL RESEARCH (THE KHARKIV CASE)
Authors: Savchenko Leonid , Takhtaulova Mariya 
Published: January 2020

The article is divided into basic characteristics of the complex address urbanonymy historical research. This model has been realized in the M. Takhatulova dissertation research.The research is based on two lines: the first mechanisms naming, renaming and fixing toponyms’ have been characterized and the second urbanonym concept symbol for different historical periods have been analyzed. In the course of the work, the stages of formation and transformation of Kharkiv urbanonymic network have been defined: Empire period, Soviet period, Modern period. Based on previous achievements in the research field of urban toponymy, the authors propose their classification of urbanonim according to their source of nomination.Authors demonstrate the model’s universality and it can be used for other similar studies.
Digital Technology Distraction for Acute Pain in Children: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Gates Michelle , Hartling Lisa , Shulhan-Kilroy Jocelyn , MacGregor Tara , Guitard Samantha , Wingert Aireen , Featherstone Robin , Vandermeer Ben , Poonai Naveen , Kircher Janeva , Perry Shirley , Graham Timothy A.D. , Scott Shannon D. , Ali Samina 
Published: January 2020

CONTEXT:Digital distraction is being integrated into pediatric pain care, but its efficacy is currently unknown.OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of digital technology distraction on pain and distress in children experiencing acutely painful conditions or procedures.DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore, Ei Compendex, Web of Science, and gray literature sources.STUDY SELECTION:Quantitative studies of digital technology distraction for acutely painful conditions or procedures in children.DATA EXTRACTION:Performed by 1 reviewer with verification. Outcomes were child pain and distress.RESULTS:There were 106 studies (n = 7820) that reported on digital technology distractors (eg, virtual reality and video games) used during common procedures (eg, venipuncture, dental, and burn treatments). No studies reported on painful conditions. For painful procedures, digital distraction resulted in a modest but clinically important reduction in self-reported pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.66 to −0.29; 46 randomized controlled trials [RCTs]; n = 3200), observer-reported pain (SMD −0.68; 95% CI −0.91 to −0.45; 17 RCTs; n = 1199), behavioral pain (SMD −0.57; 95% CI −0.94 to −0.19; 19 RCTs; n = 1173), self-reported distress (SMD −0.49; 95% CI −0.70 to −0.27; 19 RCTs; n = 1818), observer-reported distress (SMD −0.47; 95% CI −0.77 to −0.17; 10 RCTs; n = 826), and behavioral distress (SMD −0.35; 95% CI −0.59 to −0.12; 17 RCTs; n = 1264) compared with usual care.LIMITATIONS:Few studies directly compared different distractors or provided subgroup data to inform applicability.CONCLUSIONS:Digital distraction provides modest pain and distress reduction for children undergoing painful procedures; its superiority over nondigital distractors is not established. Context, preferences, and availability should inform the choice of distractor.
A MEDIAÇÃO INGLESA NO RECONHECIMENTO DA INDEPENDÊNCIA DO BRASIL
Authors: Valle Ribeiro Daniel 
Published: January 2020

O reconhecimento da independência do Brasil completa o processo no plano político e marca o ingresso do Império no concerto da Comitas Gentium. Dois reconhecimentos impunham-se, naturalmente: o de Portugal, antiga metrópole, e o da Grã-Bretanha, por tratar-se da maior potência. Portugal opôs-se obstinadamente em reconhecer a liberdade da ex-colônia, suporte de sua balança comercial. Dificuldades outras, no plano internacional- de caráter político ou ideológico-, a par das agitações que punham em risco a própria estabilidade do regime inaugurado no Brasil, tiveram a superá-las a ação dos plenipotenciários brasileiros. A mediação inglesa, interessada mas decisiva, através de George Canning, soube vencer a oposição do Gabinete Britânico e desarticular as potências da Santa Aliança, cujo legitimismo se erguia como barreira às aspirações dos novos Estados americanos. Metternich, nem sempre bem interpretado, não constituiu na verdade obstáculo intransponível à causa do Império. Batido por Canning na disputa da prioridade da mediação, colocou-se ao lado do interesse do Brasil no instante decisivo, convencendo as demais nações da Santa Aliança a não obstarem a ascensão da antiga colônia à categoria de país emancipado. Saliente-se ainda, à luz dos documentos guardados no Arquivo Histórico do Museu Imperial de Petrópolis, que nem todos os trâmites da Missão Stuart eram conhecidos. Nesse particular, releva observar o papel saliente de Frei Antônio de Arrábia nos entendimentos que se processaram no Rio de Janeiro e que culminaram com o reconhecimento da independência e da soberania do Brasil.
SEVENTEENTH- CENTURY MARANHÃO: BECKMAN’S REVOLT
Authors: Graeme MacNicoll Murray 
Published: January 2020

Em se tratando da rebelião de Manoel Beckman na capitania do Maranhão (1684-1685), há dois famosos historiadores brasileiros do século XIX, João Francisco Lisboa e Francisco Adolfo Varnhagen, os quais viram o caso como sendo o primeiro “levantamento nativista” contra os conceitos básicos do domínio colonial português. A intensão deste estudo foi de mostrar que a revolta foi motivada principalmente por fatores e considerações locais. O objetivo central dos rebeldes foi o de corrigir as inúmeras injustiças praticadas na sua província por parte do reino de Portugal, através de uma série de leis e atos oficiais. Em especial aqueles que tratavam do aproveitamento e escravização de índios pelos colonizadores. No século XVII, os índios do Maranhão tinham sido confiados às mãos dos missionários jesuítas residentes na capitania. Entre outros problemas que ocorriam na época, um dos que mais contribuíram para a insurreição de Beckman, foi um monopólio comercial (“estanco”), introduzido no Maranhão na década de 168 pelo governo metropolitano português, o qual procurou assim evitar a utilização do tesouro real para promover o desenvolvimento econômico do Maranhão, um território ultramarino português onde havia uma grande lacuna de recursos lucrativos.
Procedural Fairness in the International Tennis Federation’s Disciplinary Regime
Authors: Livings Ben , Wlodarczak Karolina 
Published: January 2020

This article examines the International Tennis Federation’s disciplinary regime as it applies to on- and off-court indiscipline, in order to assess the extent to which it complies with well-accepted requirements of procedural fairness. In so doing, it draws on two recent appellate decisions of the ITF-appointed Independent Tribunal in the cases of Ilie Năstase and Marcelo Rios, both former elite professional players who were at the time of their respective transgressions appointed to positions within the Romanian Fed Cup and Chilean Davis Cup teams, respectively.
Variación fáctica y jurídica luego de formulada la imputación en el sistema procesal colombiano de la ley 906 de 2004, antes de la acusación. Aspectos normativos y jurisprudenciales
Authors: Lora Herrera Lora Herrera 
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo de investigación da a conocer la forma cómo la Corte Suprema de Justicia, Sala Penal de nuestro País, ha venido haciendo estudio sobre el principio de congruencia y la ampliación del mismo, a la audiencia de imputación, delimitando en qué aspectos debe guardar coherencia la emisión de la sentencia a partir incluso de la audiencia de imputación, teniendo en cuenta que dentro del denominado sistema acusatorio, que tiene sus raíces en el sistema Norteamericano, ésta audiencia no se erige como sustancial en la implementación de este sistema procesal. De esta forma, el trabajo pretende exponer los planteamientos normativos y la línea jurisprudencia que la Corte Suprema de Justicia ha venido desarrollando a través de la vigencia de la Ley 906 de 2004.
Caltech/USGS Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) and Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC): Data Availability for the 2019 Ridgecrest Sequence
Authors: Hauksson Egill , Yoon Clara , Yu Ellen , Andrews Jennifer R. , Alvarez Marcos , Bhadha Rayo , Thomas Valerie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The 2019 Mw 6.4 and Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence occurred in the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ). The mainshock ruptured the Little Lake fault zone, and aftershocks extended from the Garlock fault in the south to the southern end of the 1872 M 7.5 Owens Valley earthquake rupture in the north. We present data from the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) and partner seismic networks recorded by the SCSN in the region. These time-series data and related products such as the SCSN earthquake picks and catalogs, available from the Southern California Earthquake Data Center, provide the most comprehensive seismic datasets for the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence.
A High-Resolution Seismic Catalog for the Initial 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence: Foreshocks, Aftershocks, and Faulting Complexity
Authors: Shelly David R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
I use template matching and precise relative relocation techniques to develop a high-resolution earthquake catalog for the initial portion of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, from 4 to 16 July, encompassing the foreshock sequence and the first 10+ days of aftershocks following the Mw 7.1 mainshock. Using 13,525 routinely cataloged events as waveform templates, I detect and precisely locate a total of 34,091 events. Precisely located earthquakes reveal numerous crosscutting fault structures with dominantly perpendicular southwest and northwest strikes. Foreshocks of the Mw 6.4 event appear to align on a northwest-striking fault. Aftershocks of the Mw 6.4 event suggest that it further ruptured this northwest-striking fault, as well as the southwest-striking fault where surface rupture was observed. Finally, aftershocks of the Mw 7.1 show a highly complex distribution, illuminating a primary northwest-striking fault zone consistent with surface rupture but also numerous crosscutting southwest-striking faults. Aftershock relocations suggest that the Mw 7.1 event ruptured adjacent to the previous northwest-striking rupture of the Mw 6.4, perhaps activating a subparallel structure southwest of the earlier rupture. Both the northwest and southeast rupture termini of the Mw 7.1 rupture exhibited multiple fault branching, with particularly high rates of aftershocks and multiple fault orientations in the dilatational quadrant northeast of the northwest rupture terminus.