bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of different gas–solid flow regimes effects on hydrodynamics and heat transfer performance of a fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Torfeh Soodeh , Kouhikamali Ramin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, a two‐ﬂuid Eulerian–Eulerian model has been carried out applying the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) to study the hydrodynamics and heat transfer behavior of a fluidized bed reactor simultaneously. The effects of different gas–solid flow regimes on the operating conditions and heat transfer rate between the hot air and two types of low and high‐density inert particles are investigated in a fluidized bed dryer. Different gas–solid flow regimes for wood and glass particles of groups A, B, and D of Geldart's classification are simulated to introduce the most optimal flow regime in terms of heat transfer rate and operating costs. The compromise between the heating rate, the height required for the reactor, and the ratio of the final mass to the initial mass of solid particles, which specifies the need for a cyclone separator showed that the bubbling regime of Geldart B powder for low‐density particles and the turbulent regime of Geldart D powder or bubbling regime of Geldart B powder for high‐density particles are the optimal operating conditions and flow regimes. Furthermore, it was concluded that the convective heat transfer is the dominant mechanism, which increases with increasing the air velocity and decreasing the particle diameter in each group.
Passive control nanoparticles in double‐diffusive free convection nanofluid flow over an inclined permeable plate
Authors: Sarkar Amit , Kundu Prabir Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study has been conducted to acquire the solutions for the flow problem of an incompressible nanofluid past a permeable inclined plate implanted in a porous medium. In this study, double‐diffusivity, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis as well as passive control nanoparticles have been studied. We employ Lie group transformation on the ruling equations to extract nonlinear ordinary differential equations and solve them numerically using the fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta method and shooting approach. The supremacy of affined parameters on temperature and velocity distributions has been exposed by means of tables and graphs. This investigation suggests that both fluid velocity and nanoparticle concentration are enhanced by the modified Dufour parameter and the thermophoresis parameter. The assistance of the Lewis number intensifies the heat transport for suction.
Seasonal ground ice impacts on spring ecohydrological conditions in a western boreal plains peatland
Authors: Van Huizen Brandon , Petrone Richard M. , Price Jonathan S. , Quinton William L. , Pomeroy John W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeatlands in the Western Boreal Plains act as important water sources in the landscape. Their persistence, despite potential evapotranspiration (PET) often exceeding annual precipitation, is attributed to various water storage mechanisms. One storage element that has been understudied is seasonal ground ice (SGI). This study characterized spring SGI conditions and explored its impacts on available energy, actual evapotranspiration, water table, and near surface soil moisture in a western boreal plains peatland. The majority of SGI melt took place over May 2017. Microtopography had limited impact on melt rates due to wet conditions. SGI melt released 139mm in ice water equivalent (IWE) within the top 30cm of the peat, and weak significant relationships with water table and surface moisture suggest that SGI could be important for maintaining vegetation transpiration during dry springs. Melting SGI decreased available energy causing small reductions in PET (<10mm over the melt period) and appeared to reduce actual evapotranspiration variability but not mean rates, likely due to slow melt rates. This suggests that melting SGI supplies water, allowing evapotranspiration to occur at near potential rates, but reduces the overall rate at which evapotranspiration could occur (PET). The role of SGI may help peatlands in headwater catchments act as a conveyor of water to downstream landscapes during the spring while acting as a supply of water for the peatland. Future work should investigate SGI influences on evapotranspiration under differing peatland types, wet and dry spring conditions, and if the spatial variability of SGI melt leads to spatial variability in evapotranspiration.
Nondimensional sediment transport capacity of sand soils and its response to parameter in the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Li Pu , Zhang Kuandi , Wang Jingwen , Meng He 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSoil erosion is a major contributor to land degradation in the Loess Plateau in China. To clarify the sediment transport capacity of overland flow influenced by hydraulic parameters, such as shear stress, sand shear stress (hydraulic gradient partition method and hydraulic radius partition method), mean flow velocity, Froude number, stream power, and unit stream power, indoor experiments with eight‐unit‐width flow discharges from 0.0667 × 10−3 to 0.3333 × 10−3 m2·s−1, six slope gradients from 3.49 to 20.79%, and two kinds of sand soils (d50 = 0.17 and 0.53 mm) were systematically investigated. A nondimensional method was adopted in data processing. Results showed that there was a partition phenomenon of relation curves because of the different median grain diameters. The correlation between the nondimensional stream power and nondimensional sediment transport capacity was the highest, followed by the correlation between the nondimensional unit stream power and nondimensional sediment transport capacity. However, there was a poor correlation between the flow intensity indices of velocity category and nondimensional sediment transport capacity. Nondimensional stream power, nondimensional unit stream power, and nondimensional shear stress could predict sediment transport capacity well. Ignoring the partition phenomenon of the relation curves, stream power could be used to predict sediment transport capacity, with a coefficient of determination of .85. Furthermore, a general flow intensity index was obtained to predict sediment transport capacity of overland flow. Finally, an empirical formula for predicting sediment transport capacity with a coefficient of determination of .90 was established by multiple regression analyses based on the general flow intensity index. During the analysis between measured sediment transport capacities in present study and predicted values based on Zhang model, Mahmoodabadi model, and Wu model, it was found that these three models could not accurately predict sediment transport capacities of this study because different models are estimated on the basis of different experimental conditions.
Phase unwrapping for Doppler spectral domain optical coherence tomography flow measurement
Authors: Zhao Yuqian , Ma Yushu , Liu Jian , Yu Yao , Wang Yi , Ma Zhenhe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDoppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers additional flow velocity information, which extends the application of OCT. Phase wrapping is the inherent problem that limits measureable range of Doppler OCT. We propose a phase unwrapping method which is suitable for correcting phase in Doppler OCT images. Points (pixels) in flow region are divided into groups according to the radial distance. Points in the same group are supposed to have close velocity. Phase unwrapping algorithm begins at the boundary layer group and is performed sequentially toward the center. Using the proposed criterion, points in a group are separated into two categories, signal points and noise points. Wrapping rounds are determined for signal points phase unwrapping. Mean value of the corrected signal points replaces the noise points for noise reduction. The method is validated with capillary tube flow phantom and in vivo blood flow.
CXCL3 overexpression promotes the tumorigenic potential of uterine cervical cancer cells via the MAPK/ERK pathway
Authors: Qi Ya‐Ling , Li Yue , Man Xia‐Xia , Sui Hong‐Yu , Zhao Xiao‐Lian , Zhang Peng‐Xia , Qu Xiu‐Sheng , Zhang Hui , Wang Bai‐Xin , Li Jing , Qi Shu‐Fang , Jia Lin‐Lin , Luan Hai‐Yan , Zhang Chun‐Bin , Wang Wei‐Qun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCXCL3 belongs to the CXC‐type chemokine family and is known to play a multifaceted role in various human malignancies. While its clinical significance and mechanisms of action in uterine cervical cancer (UCC) remain unclear. This investigation demonstrated that the UCC cell line HeLa expressed CXCL3, and strong expression of CXCL3 was detected in UCC tissues relative to nontumor tissues. In addition, CXCL3 expression was strongly correlated with CXCL5 expression in UCC tissues. In vitro, HeLa cells overexpressing CXCL3, HeLa cells treated with exogenous CXCL3 or treated with conditioned medium from WPMY cells overexpressing CXCL3, exhibited enhanced proliferation and migration activities. In agreement with these findings, CXCL3 overexpression was also associated with the generation of HeLa cell tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated that CXCL3 overexpressing influenced the expression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway associated genes, including ERK1/2, Bcl‐2, and Bax, whereas the CXCL3‐induced proliferation and migration effects were attenuated by exogenous administration of the ERK1/2 blocker PD98059. The data of the current investigation support that CXCL3 appears to hold promise as a potential tumor marker and interference target for UCC.
Two‐day‐treatment of Activin‐A leads to transient change in SV‐HFO osteoblast gene expression and reduction in matrix mineralization
Authors: Baroncelli Marta , Drabek Ksenija , Eijken Marco , van der Eerden Bram C. J. , van de Peppel Jeroen , van Leeuwen Johannes P. T. M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractActivins regulate bone formation by controlling osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We investigated Activin‐A mechanism of action on human osteoblast mineralization, RNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. A single 2‐day treatment of Activin‐A at Day 5 of osteoblast differentiation significantly reduced matrix mineralization. Activin A‐treated osteoblasts responded with transient change in gene expression, in a 2‐wave‐fashion. The 38 genes differentially regulated during the first wave (within 8 hr after Activin A start) were involved in transcription regulation. In the second wave (1–2 days after Activin A start), 65 genes were differentially regulated and related to extracellular matrix. Differentially expressed genes in both waves were associated to transforming growth factor beta signaling. We identified which microRNAs modulating osteoblast differentiation were regulated by Activin‐A. In summary, 2‐day treatment with Activin‐A in premineralization period of osteoblast cultures influenced miRNAs, gene transcription, and reduced matrix mineralization. Modulation of Activin A signaling might be useful to control bone quality for therapeutic purposes.
HMGB1 protein promotes glomerular mesangial matrix deposition via TLR2 in lupus nephritis
Authors: Feng Xiaojuan , Yang Ran , Tian Yuexin , Miao Xinyan , Guo Huifang , Gao Fan , Yang Lin , Zhao Song , Zhang Wei , Liu Jinxi , Li Hongbo , Tian Yu , Zhao Lu , Wang Shuo , Liu Wei , Wang Kexin , Li Yuzhe , Wang Ziwei , Liu Qingjuan , Wang Chunlin , Liu Shuxia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLupus nephritis (LN) is the most common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients with LN mostly die of sclerosing glomerulonephritis and renal failure. The inhibition of glomerular mesangial matrix deposition is an efficient method to restrict the progress of renal injury. By recognizing and binding extracellular and intracellular ligands, Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) contributes to the pathogenesis of most immune diseases. However, the relationship between TLR2 and LN is still unknown. Our previous studies confirmed that high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an important ligand of TLR2, promotes the progression of LN by inducing the proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells. However, whether or not HMGB1 participates in the pathogenesis of glomerular mesangial matrix deposition in LN remains unknown. In this study, we observed the upregulated expression of TLR2 in the glomeruli of LN patients and MRL/lpr mice. The inhibition of either TLR2 or HMGB1 inhibited the release of fibronectin and the activation of the MyD88/NF‐κB pathway in mesangial cells cultured with LN plasma. In addition, both TLR2‐ and HMGB1‐deficient mice showed reduced 24 hr urine protein levels and improved glomerular histological changes and sclerosis levels. These results indicate that TLR2 regulates glomerular mesangial matrix deposition in LN through the activation of the MyD88/NF‐κB pathway by binding to HMGB1.
Tracking muscle wasting and disease activity in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy by qualitative longitudinal imaging
Authors: Monforte Mauro , Laschena Francesco , Ottaviani Pierfrancesco , Bagnato Maria Rosaria , Pichiecchio Anna , Tasca Giorgio , Ricci Enzo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundFacioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is one of the most frequent late‐onset muscular dystrophies, characterized by progressive fatty replacement and degeneration involving single muscles in an asynchronous manner. With clinical trials at the horizon in this disease, the knowledge of its natural history is of paramount importance to understand the impact of new therapies. The aim of this study was to assess disease progression in FSHD using qualitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging, with a focus on the evolution of hyperintense lesions identified on short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR+) sequences, hypothesized to be markers of active muscle injury.MethodsOne hundred genetically confirmed consecutive FSHD patients underwent lower limb muscle magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 365 ± 60 days in this prospective longitudinal study. T1 weighted (T1w) and STIR sequences were used to assess fatty replacement using a semiquantitative visual score and muscle oedema. The baseline and follow‐up scans of each patient were also evaluated by unblinded direct comparison to detect the changes not captured by the scoring system.ResultsForty‐nine patients showed progression on T1w sequences after 1 year, and 30 patients showed at least one new STIR+ lesion. Increased fat deposition at follow‐up was observed in 13.9% STIR+ and in only 0.21% STIR‐ muscles at baseline (P < 0.001). Overall, 89.9% of the muscles that showed increased fatty replacement were STIR+ at baseline and 7.8% were STIR+ at 12 months. A higher number of STIR+ muscles at baseline was associated with radiological worsening (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.30, P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur study confirms that STIR+ lesions represent prognostic biomarkers in FSHD and contributes to delineate its radiological natural history, providing useful information for clinical trial design. Given the peculiar muscle‐by‐muscle involvement in FSHD, MRI represents an invaluable tool to explore the modalities and rate of disease progression.
Intraoperative Phase Contrast MRI Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocities During Posterior Fossa Decompression for Chiari I Malformation
Authors: Delavari Nader , Wang Anthony C. , Bapuraj Jayapalli Rajiv , Londy Frank , Muraszko Karin M. , Garton Hugh J.L. , Maher Cormac O. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is known to be altered in patients with Chiari I malformation (CMI), and normalization of CSF velocities is associated with symptom resolution. However, preoperative and intraoperative prediction methods have thus far failed to identify patients in whom CSF velocities can be normalized with posterior fossa decompression (PFD) without duraplasty. Phase contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) may assist not only in diagnosis of CMI but also in guiding the intraoperative decision to perform duraplasty during PFD.PurposeTo use intraoperative MRI data to quantify changes in CSF hydrodynamics at the CVJ during each step of PFD with duraplasty (PFDD) in 12 consecutive patients.Study TypeRetrospective case series with all patients imaged before, during and after decompression, and all data analyzed postprocedure.Population/SubjectsPediatric patients, mean age 14 years (range 4‐18), undergoing PFD for CMI.Field Strength/SequenceIntraoperative studies involved a dedicated 1.5T Siemens MRI imager. PC‐MRI scans were in the axial plane at the CVJ.AssessmentTwo observers assessed measurements.Statistical TestThe equality of matched pairs of observations was tested using the Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐ranks test.ResultsData analyses of the PC‐MRI demonstrated a marked and immediate increase in CSF velocity at the posterior CVJ during PFDD. Mean cranially‐directed velocities increased by a mean of 1.049cm/s (P = 0.028) from preincision to postoperative measurement. There was a mean 0.45 cm/s (P = 0.022) increase in mean cranial velocity from preincision to bone decompression scans, and a mean 0.48 cm/s (P = 0.018) increase in mean velocity from preincision to duraplasty.Data ConclusionIn all subjects, significant increases in the mean and peak velocities of cranially‐ and caudally‐directed velocities were observed from preincision to post‐PFDD scans at the posterior CVJ.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1463–1470.
Seronegative hepatitis C virus infection in Polish blood donors—Virological characteristics of index donations and follow‐up observations
Authors: Grabarczyk Piotr , Kubicka‐Russel Dorota , Kopacz Aneta , Liszewski Grzegorz , Sulkowska Ewa , Zwolińska Paulina , Madaliński Kazimierz , Marek Maciej , Szabelewska Małgorzata , Świątek Ewa , Laskus Tomasz , Radkowski Marek 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNucleic acid testing (NAT) was implemented in Poland in 1999 for screening of plasma for fractionation and for all blood donors in 2002. To analyze seronegative NAT‐positive samples representing hepatitis C virus (HCV) window‐period (WP) in the years 2000 to 2016 and to determine infection outcome. We analyzed results of 17 502 739 donations screened in minipools (6‐48) or individually. Index samples underwent viral load (VL) quantification, genotyping and Ag, and anti‐HCV re‐testing using chemiluminescence (CMIA), electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA), and fourth‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (IV EIA) assays. HCV‐seronegative infections were identified in 126 donations (7.2/mln donations; 95% confidential intervals, 6.0‐8.6). Frequency of NAT yields was decreasing over time. Of the initial 126 seronegative index cases 106 were retested: 32.1% were reactive in IV EIA, 11.3% in ECLIA, and 1.9% in CMIA. The lowest VL correlated with absent anti‐HCV and HCV Ag, while VL was highest when the antigen was detectable and then it decreased when anti‐HCV appeared at a level detectable by sensitive third generation tests while retesting. The proportion of genotype 1 was 38.9% in samples positive only for HCV RNA and 71.4% in samples that were anti‐HCV reactive in re‐testing. In parallel, genotype 3 frequency was 50% in the former group and 21% in the latter. NAT is an effective measure to limit HCV transmission by transfusion and IV EIA seems to have higher clinical sensitivity than ECLIA. Samples representing likely successive phases of early HCV infection were characterized by different genotype distribution probably due to very early elimination of genotype 3.
Genetic variability and functional implication of HPV16 from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Shanghai women
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Zhu Jiacheng , Guo Junhan , Zhu Tailin , Zhong Jixing , Liu Min , Ruan Yetian , Liao Shujie , Li Fang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV)16 gene mutation is usually associated with persistent HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, the functional implications of HPV16 mutations remain poorly understood.145 LCR/E6/E7 of the HPV16 isolates were amplified and sequenced, and HPV16 integration status was detected. In total, 89 SNPs (68 in the LCR, 13 in E6, 8 in E7) were discovered, 11 of which were nonsynonymous mutations (8 in E6, 3 in E7). The H85Y and E120D variants in E6 were significantly reduced in the high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) group compared to the <HSIL group (P = .046 and .005), conversely the N29S in E7(P = .01). Amino acid substitutions (D32N/E, E36Q, H85Y, and E120D in E6 and N29H/S and R77C in E7) were predicted to have an effect on conserved structural and functional residues, and five amino acid substitutions (H85Y, E36Q, I34L, and D32E in E6; R77C in E7) would potentially change the secondary structure. “6329G>T,” a potential binding site for TATA‐binding protein, is the most common in LCR variants. A4 (Asian) was associated with an increased risk of HSIL compared to A1–3(P = .009). The H85/E120 in E6 and N29 in HPV16 E7 might play a critical role in carcinogenesis by disrupting p53 and Rb degradation due to affecting their interaction, respectively. In a word, the findings in this study provide preventative and therapeutic interventions of HPV16 ‐related cervical lesions/cancer.
Improved trafficking and expression of luminopsins for more efficient optical and pharmacological control of neuronal activity
Authors: Zhang James Y. , Tung Jack K. , Wang Zuhui , Yu Shan Ping , Gross Robert E. , Wei Ling , Berglund Ken 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLuminopsins (LMOs) are chimeric proteins consisting of a luciferase fused to an opsin that provide control of neuronal activity, allowing for less cumbersome and less invasive optogenetic manipulation. It was previously shown that both an external light source and the luciferase substrate, coelenterazine (CTZ), could modulate activity of LMO‐expressing neurons, although the magnitudes of the photoresponses remained subpar. In this study, we created an enhanced iteration of the excitatory luminopsin LMO3, termed eLMO3, that has improved membrane targeting due to the insertion of a Golgi trafficking signal sequence. In cortical neurons in culture, the expression of eLMO3 resulted in significant reductions in the formation of intracellular aggregates, as well as in a significant increase in total photocurrents. Furthermore, we corroborated the findings with injections of adeno‐associated viral vectors into the deep layers of the somatosensory cortex (the barrel cortex) of male mice. We observed greatly reduced numbers of intracellular puncta in eLMO3‐expressing cortical neurons compared to those expressing the original LMO3. Finally, we quantified CTZ‐driven behavior, namely whisker‐touching behavior, in male mice with LMO3 expression in the barrel cortex. After CTZ administration, mice with eLMO3 displayed significantly longer whisker responses than mice with LMO3. In summary, we have engineered the superior LMO by resolving membrane trafficking defects, and we demonstrated improved membrane targeting, greater photocurrents, and greater functional responses to stimulate with CTZ.