bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Kepayang (Pangium edule) Seed Extract on Meat Moisture Content, Drip Loss and Decay Test of Lamb Meat at Different Shelf Life
Authors: Patriani P , Mirwandhono E , Wahyuni T H , Siregar G A W , Hasanah U , Hasnudi  , Ginting N , Yunilas  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kepayang also called Picung or Pangium Edule is a spice used to make dishes in Indonesia. Kapayang fruit seeds have a variety of benefits including being used as a natural preservative to replace the use of formaldehyde in fish preservation. Kapayang fruit seeds are also inhibitors of microbial growth and activity so that food stays for have a long shelf life The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition level of kepayang fruit extract on organoleptic characteristics, drip loss and meat rot at different shelf life. This research uses a completely randomized factorial design method with 3 replications. The material used was male lamb meat, kapayang fruit seeds extracted. Lamb meat was marinated in kapayang seed extraction with P0 as a control, P1 (3%), P2 (6%) and P3 (9%) were drained and the meat was stored for T1 (12 hours), T2 (24 hours) and T3 (36 hour) at room temperature. The results showed that kepayang fruit extract did not significantly affect water content and meat rot and drip loss. It was concluded that the use of Kepayang seed extract 3% to 9% is recommended because it can inhibit spoilage for 36 hours and reduce the characteristic odor of lamb meat.
The effects of fermentation time and em4 dose on nutrient content of kepok’s peel as animal feed
Authors: Rahmatullah R , Hasnudi  , Mirwandhono E , Patriani P , Ginting N , Siregar G A W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Kepok banana peel is a waste product from the processing of kepok banana which can be used as an alternative in animal feed. Low crude protein and high crude fiber become the main problems in the utilization of kepok’s peels. One way to improve its quality is by fermentation. The starter of fermentation used is EM4. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of dose and length of fermentation against nutritional content of kepok’s peels. This research was designed using completely randomized design factorial with 3 replications and continued using the duncan test. The kepok’s peel were given EM4 at doses of 1, 3, and 5% and then fermented for 3, 5, and 7 days. The results of this research showed that the dose of 5% and 5 day fermentation time were optimal and efficient to increase water and crude protein content and reduce levels of dry matter and crude fiber of banana peel. There was no interaction between dosage and fermentation time for each research parameter.
A Socio-Technical Approach to Assess Readiness of Organizations for Industry 4.0
Authors: Sitepu M H , Matondang A R , Sembiring M T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Industry 4.0 is marked with technological advancements that change the way of interactions between human and machines, suppliers and producers, as well as customers and distributors. Digitalization, internet of things, big data and cloud computing are example of technologies used in Industry 4.0. Readiness assessment is needed to evaluate the existing condition of organizations. The information from this assessment is used to design strategy in adopting industry 4.0. This adoption requires modifications in all aspects of organizations including vision, culture, people (social aspects) as well as technology, process and infrastructure (technical aspects). Modifications in selected aspects only, for example, modification in technology and infrastructure aspects only, might lead to failure in adopting industry 4.0. To overcome this, systemic approach is needed to assess the readiness of organizations to adopt industry 4.0. This paper uses socio-technical framework and composite indicators to assess the readiness of organizations to adopt industry 4.0.
The assessment of Sei Petani Sub Watershed health based on hydrolgy indicator
Authors: Nasution D L S , Susanto E , Ichwan N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Deli watershed is one of three most critical watershed in North Sumatera. Sei Petani Sub Watershed is upstream area of Deli Watershed which must be paid attention in Deli watershed management. There are some indicators in watershed management that have given attention such as hydrology, erosion, and sedimentation. This study aims to assess Sei Petani Sub watershed health on hydrology indicators (spesific maximum discharge, spesific minimum discharge, river regime coefficient, runoof coefficient and water yield). The result of this study shown that spesific maximum discharge value is 0.234 m3/s/km2, spesific minimum discharge value is 0.095 m3/s/km2, river regim coefficient is 2.34, and coefficient runoff is 0.142 whereas discharge value and water yield is shown by the time series data. The result shown that Sei Petani Sub Watershed categorized in a good condition.
Determination of Sediment Rating Curve In Dry Season In Bedagai Watersheds
Authors: Susanto E , Dawolo S A , Rizaldi T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This research was conducted to overcome the problem of lack of sediment data in a watershed in North Sumatra due to the lack of sediment measurements recording which is caused by the amount of cost required, relatively long time, and the risk of obtaining such data. The purpose of this study was to obtain the equation of sediment curved line. Sediment curved line is an equation that connects the river discharge with the sediment discharge. The river discharge data could be used to obtain the sediment discharge. This research used descriptive methods in the form of primary data (debit data and sediment concentration) and secondary data (climate data). Results obtained sedimentary curved lines Qs = 18.995Qw1.9923 and R2 = 0.7451. The obtained sediment discharge has exceeded the limits set by the Ministry of Forestry regarding to the criteria for watershed determination.
The Development of Algorithm for Determining Optimal Route for Distribution of Goods Based on Distance, Time, And Road Quality Using Fuzzy Set and Clarke And Algorithm Wright Savings
Authors: Gultom P , Napitupulu N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The distribution of goods from distributors to several distribution agents is very important to be studied in order to minimize the total transportation costs and the availability of goods at each agent. The model generally developed in this problem is based on the shortest road distance. Basically, road distance is not the only factor considered but also the travel time and road quality that will be traversed. The travel time is uncertain, it really depends on the time and the density of the vehicles. Likewise, road quality is uncertain. Travel time and road quality are fuzzy. This research developed an algorithm to determine the route of distribution of goods by considering the distance, travel time, and road quality which are fuzzy. The optimal distribution route of the goods is a combination of three fuzzy criteria.
A tutorial on using Benaloh public key cryptosystem to encrypt text
Authors: Budiman M A , Rachmawati D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Benaloh public key cryptosystem is an asymmetric cryptosystem with the property of homomorphic encryption scheme. This study explains how to use Benaloh public key cryptosystem to encrypt a simple text. To increase the clarity of the computation, some intermediate variables which are not available in the original Benaloh cryptosystem have been used. The Benaloh algorithm has been implemented in Python programming language version 2.7.15.
Nutritional profile of Sargassum sp. from Pane Island, Tapanuli Tengah as a component of functional food
Authors: Dewinta A F , Susetya I E , Suriani M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Most of The Pane Island Coastal communities are not yet aware of the potential of Sargassum in their coastal area even though its benefits as a foodstuff is quite high, for this reason, it is necessary to have scientific information about the importance of the nutritional content of Sargassum sp. such as proximate chemical composition and crude fibers as a components of functional food product. The proximate chemical composition and crude fibers of Sargassum were studied to understand the nutritional profile. The results show that physical-chemical parameters of waters play an essential role in the nutrients composition of Sargassum. Among the two seaweeds, S. cristaefolium contained highest protein and carbohydrates content (8.54% and 7.25%, respectively) and S. crassifolium possessed highest ash, fat and crude fiber (41.52%, 0.30%, and 24.54%, respectively). Nutrient content and crude fiber in Sargassum cristaefolium and Sargassum crassifolium can be used as components of functional foods.
Employing Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) Method on the Fabrication of Cu3BiS3-Semiconductor-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Noer N M , Rahayu S U , Sebayang K , Sianturi H A , Lee M-W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method is a modified version of chemical bath deposition (CDB) that serves as a low-cost and convenient on the production of ternary metal chalcogenides. This research reported the utilization of SILAR method on the fabrication of Cu3BiS3 semiconductor-sensitized solar cells. The concentration of bismuth and copper precursor were varied, namely 0.03 M and 0.1 M, whereas the precursor of sulfide was varied in the concentration of 0.02 M and 0.05 M. The variation of SILAR cycles was employed to investigate the most appropriate cycle numbers in producing Cu3BiS3, in particular 3-9 cycles, 5-15 cycles, and 6-6 cycle with the immersing time of 20 s for each. The results show that there were only two suitable peaks appeared for 3-9 cycles and 6-6 cycles, while 5-15 cycles provide the more preferable XRD patterns with the power conversion efficiency of 0.02% (Jsc of 1.75 mA/cm2; Voc of 0.04 V; FF of 29.65%). It can be said that SILAR method with higher number of cycles can be employed to fabricate Cu3BiS3; however, smaller PCE came from inappropriate structure alignment between Cu3BiS3 and metal oxide layer.
Study on Experimental of continuous solar dryer with dessicant Cacl2 thermal storage
Authors: Qadry A , Romauli N D M , Ambarita H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
These studies relate to Red chili dryers sourced from solar energy, the main objective of these experiements to analyses the effectiveness of desiccant CaCl2 at nighttime, so that they can be received by the community. The parameters that are used in this experiment are, Temperature and Relative humidity, temperature and humidity can be maintained. The initial weight of 0.61 kg in drying chamber 1 and 0.60 kg drying chamber 2, then placed in a different drying chamber, and the final result where a 0.61 kg with desiccant and 0.64 kg without desiccant. The result of these experiment with desiccant CaCl2 the weight can be maintained with constantly and drying chamber without dessicant can be reached 0.05 kg.
Analyzing of Phase Change on Binary Alloy System Pt1-X Mnx (X=17.5 At. %) By Diffraction Method
Authors: Sembiring Timbangen , Tarigan Kerista 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The research on analyzing of phase change on binary alloy Pt1-X Mnx (x=17.5 at. %) system had been performed by diffraction and resistivity measurements. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the change of order-disorder phase transition and its critical temperatures. The polycrystal samples of nominal concentrations of 17.5 were prepared from 99.999 % of pure platinium and 99.99 % of pure manganese. This sample was heat-treated separately at 1150°C for 2 days to remove strains. Then, the sample was quenched by dropping quickly into iced water to get a disordered state. X-ray diffractometer experimental results shows that samples contained 17.5 at. % Mn and heat-treated at the temperature of 1150°C for 2 days were in the disorder state. Meanwhile, ordered state was seen on the sample of 17.5 at. % Mn, heat-treated at 800°C for 10 days.
Adsorbing on Dissolved Copper Metal by Charcoal Rambutan Rods
Authors: Tarigan K S , Haryanto B , Tambun R , Manik K , Lumbangaol A K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Charcoal was produced from rambutan rods. The charcoal was then used as adsorbent to adsorb copper ion 70 ppm dissolved in solution. The charcoal rambutan has ability to adsorb the copper ion (%R) 62,068 or about 43,456 ppm. SEM EDX was used to confirm the ability of the charcoal to adsorb the metal ion. The ability to adsorb is 0,15 % of weight. The advantage the study is to give information that the rambutan rods charcoal has potential to use as adsorbent to clean of water contaminated by metal ions.
Generalized Reduced Gradient Approach for Solving Sustainable Production and Scheduling Planning of Crude Palm Oil Milling Industries
Authors: Mawengkang H , Sutarman  
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is well known that crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained from the milling process of raw bunch, called fresh fruit bunch (FFB). The process usually flows through a series of stages producing and consuming intermediate products. It is assumed that the CPO industry considered in this paper does not own oil palm plantation, in such a way that the FFB are supplied by several public plantations. Due to the availability of FFB, it is then necessary to select from which plantations should be appropriate. This paper describes a mixed integer linear programming model to tackle the supply chain integrated problem, along with waste problem. The mathematical optimization model is solved using generalized reduced gradient search approach.
Crushing Mung Beans Using Ball Mill Tool: Base on Fraction Size Sieving Results
Authors: Haryanto B , Trisakti B , Wangi Y , Khosman H , Sinaga A W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ball mill is an operating unit used to grind various types of solid materials into finer particle sizes. The purpose of this study was to determine the best variation of operating conditions of mung bean milling in a ball mill by varying the grinding time, weight of raw materials and the number of balls used. In this study, the raw material used is mung bean. After grinding, the beans are then sifted through sieves 70, 140 and 200 mesh where the fraction of green beans that passes each sieve was obtained. From the studies, it can be concluded that the best operating conditions of mung bean milling in the ball mill are at 60 minutes grinding time, the weight of the raw material is 45 grams and the number of balls size is 8 medium balls and 6 small balls.
The Characterization of Chitosan-ZnO Nanoparticles Modified Screen-Printed Copper Electrodes as the Analytical Sensor
Authors: Nainggolan I , Saisa  , Agusnar H , Alfian Z 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharacteristics of chitosan-ZnO-modified screen-printed copper electrodes showed good sensitivity as a sensor which characterized by using cyclic voltammetry. The copper electrode was prepared for the sensitivity testing before being used as a sensor substrate material, the tests carried out in sodium phosphate buffer solution (BSP), the use of BSP as a standard test in this study.
Study on quality of red chilli powder dried by indirect solar dryer
Authors: Romauli N D M , Qadry Al , Sihombing H V , Ambarita H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study aims to assess effectiveness of indirect solar dryer for drying red chilli. The quality parameters were moisture content and colour (L*,a*,b*) values. The results showed the maximum temperature on sunny hours of the day within drying box varied from 52.4°C to 62.6 °C on 3 days drying period with lower final moisture content and better colour of dried chilli powder using Indirect solar drying than dried in the open sun.
Drying Rate of Turmeric Herbal (Curcuma Longa L.) Using Tray Dryer
Authors: Haryanto B , Hasibuan R , Lubis A H , Wangi Y , Khosman H , Sinaga A W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study reports the turmeric of drying operation. Variables that have been compared are size or surface area of the sample, drying air rate and drying temperature. In this case it was found that the effect of increasing surface area would be able to increase the amount of water evaporated from the sample. The effect of drying air flow rate at the same temperature decreases the ability to evaporate air in turmeric samples. This is due to the reduced time of interaction of the drying air with the sample surface. Relatively small temperature variations do not show significant differences. The optimal drying rate is achieved by using drying air temperature at 39°C with drying flow of 4,5 m/s and the turmeric sample with surface area of 0,00525 m2. The effect of this drying variable obtained significantly on the size of the dried turmeric.
The Structure of ℓ
1 in The Space T(Λ, (φn
))
Authors: Herawati E , Ofie M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this work, we introduce the modular sequence space T(Λ, (φn
)) defined by infinite matrix Λ and a sequence of φ-functions (φn
) and study the structure of the sequence space ℓ
1 of all sequence associated with absolutely convergent series in this space.
Effect of cooling water on the glass cover of the double slope solar still
Authors: Ambarita H , William  , Nababan J P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Water plays an essential part in human life. In our daily activities, water is something we must consume for our survival. As one of the largest seawater resources country in the world does not guarantee Indonesian citizens of having pure water to consume. Since, most of the water is already polluted by factories, industries and households. The needs of pure water are increasingly needed as the human population gradually increased. One of the technology to produce pure water is solar distillation. This research aims to find out the water productivity results and the efficiency of glass cover cooling by flowing water over the glass cover on passive double slope solar still. The results showed that the actual and theoretical water productivity calculation for this method are 4,36 liters and 7,57 liters. The efficiency for actual and theoretical of the system 52,32% and 90,88% respectively.
Recovery status of mangroves along western coast of Aceh until 7 years after the 2004 Tsunami
Authors: Onrizal O , Mansor M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The recovery status of mangroves at west coast of Aceh until 7 years post the Indian Ocean tsunami (IOT) was examined. The field researches were conducted during January 2005 to December 2011 in more than 20 km (1) to record flora species that were resistant to the paroxysm of tsunami swells, and (2) to record and observe the appearance of several existing and new plant species caused by tsunami. The main result shows that (1) mangrove beaches may not recover at all to their original state because the topography has changed greatly and the hydrological and sediment condition differ from their previous conditions, (2) most of mangrove trees dead due to change in habitat environments, (3) some mangrove species in land subsidence coasts were found migrating landward through seed recruitment, naturally, (4) several species of mangroves appear to flourish in the natural stands with mother trees survived against tsunami, (5) new species, for example, Typha angustifolia greatly colonize along the intertidal areas, and (6) Acrostichum aureum (mangrove fern) population occupies an bare lands left by mangrove vegetation communities or abandoned brackish pond. Because mangroves provide bio-shields or natural belts, more lives can possibly be survived during the natural hazard, including tsunamis. Unluckily, due to high market of brackish pond products, severe damage to mangroves was not managed. Therefore, degraded mangroves must be restored and preserved very well in the future.
Forest conservation and management practices in Minangkabau Society: Forbidden Forest
Authors: Onrizal O , Mansor M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Before influence of the western nations, the Minangkabau society already had their own systems related to natural protection and conservation. One of the systems is “Rimbo Larangan” or forbidden forest. In this case, prohibition law is determined by the State Council. The forbidden forest is a prohibition area, disallow to cut all plants. Rivers within the forbidden forest cannot be disturbed. All animals within the forbidden forest cannot be hunted. The conservation system was profitable to the local communities and to persist and sustain for the future. However after the Indonesian independence, especially in the period 1945 to 2000, many forbidden forests are damaged and destroyed. This is due to many forbidden forests are changed to production forests by the national government. It should be noted that the forbidden forest system should be re-applied and maintained now, in order to prevent the destruction of forests, loss of biodiversity, particularly due to the global warming. If forests are healthy, the water and air qualities are guarantee. Due to the social conditions, institutions and many rules have changed. Therefore, many future researches are required.
Analyses of land cover change of Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve in the last 20 years
Authors: Onrizal O , Maulana M I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Singkil Swamp Wildlife Reserve (SSWR) is remaining tropical coastal forested wetland in west coast of Sumatra. The conservation area is also facing habitat loss and destruction due to illegal activities, such as logging and land conversion. However, there is no data available on land cover change of important habitat of great ape critically endangered, Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). This study aimed to determine the rate of change in land cover of the SSRW and to analyze the factors causing these changes in the last 20 years using landsat image. Land cover classification was carried out using supervised classification with maximum likelihood approach. The result showed that primary swamp forest area of the SSWR continued to experience a significant decline every year during the period 1998-2018 that around 24% of primary swamp forest was lost in the period due to deforestation and degradation. Therefore, degraded forests of SSWR should immediately be rehabilitated to restore ecological functions and to increase their productivity as well as education program to increase awareness coupled with forest monitoring and law enforcement to reduce illegal activities. Finally, appropriate management should be applied with co-management between government and local communities in conserving the important conservation areas.
Modelling a simple-vapour compression refrigeration cycle for Fish-Storage boxes
Authors: Nasution D M , Siregar A H , Bukit F R A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a computerized modelling of a simple single-stage vapour compression refrigeration cycle has been carried out. The aim is to find a cycle performance that is suitable for fish preservation applications. The simulation was completed using the CoolPack software on two different refrigerants and analysed at various condensation temperatures. As a fixed variable, a specific compressor power has been chosen for all cases in meeting the evaporation temperature designed. The results of this study inform the comparison of cycle performance including heat rejection rate, cooling capacity, COP, and pressure-enthalpy diagram. The main conclusion is that both types of refrigerant that are simulated can produce high COP which is useful for handling the cooling load that is later available. The report on this study will be used further to design a fish-storage box.