bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mass spectrometry imaging method for visualizing synthetic polymers by using average molecular weight and dispersity as indices
Authors: Satoh Takaya , Nakamura Sayaka , Fouquet Thierry , Sato Hiroaki , Ueda Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2019

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is considered to be a powerful tool for visualizing the spatial distribution of synthetic polymers. However, a conventional method extracting an image of a specific m/z value is not suitable for polymers, which have a mass distribution. It is necessary to develop the visualization method to show the spatial distribution of entire polymer series.MethodsThe mass peaks included in polymer series were specified from the average mass spectrum of the entire MSI measurement region by using Kendrick mass defect analysis. The images of those mass peaks were extracted and the number average molecular weight (Mn), the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and dispersity (Đ) were calculated for each pixel. Finally, the spatial distribution of the polymer series was summarized to images using Mn, Mw and Đ as indices.ResultsThe effects of the methods were investigated by (i) polymers with different mass distributions and (ii) polymers with different repeat units and end‐groups. In both cases, the spatial distribution of specific polymer series including several dozens to hundreds of mass peaks was summarized into three images related to Mn, Mw and Đ, which are familiar indices in polymer analysis. The results are able to provide an overview of the spatial variation of each polymer more intuitively.ConclusionsThe visualization of Mn, Mw and Đ will help provide an overview of the spatial distribution of polymer series combined with ion intensity distribution made by conventional methods. It can be also applied to other mass spectrometric imaging methods such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) or time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS).
Synthesis of Indoline‐Based Benzhydroxamic Acids as Potential HDAC6 Inhibitors
Authors: Depetter Yves , Geurs Silke , Franceus Jorick , Knez Damijan , Desmet Tom , De Bosscher Karolien , De Wever Olivier , Gobec Stanislav , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of HDAC6 inhibitors has attracted considerable interest in medicinal chemistry because of their drug potential in different therapeutic areas. In this paper, the preparation of two classes of indoline‐based benzhydroxamic acids is presented, bearing either the classical 4‐hydroxycarbamoylbenzyl or a hitherto unexplored 2‐[4‐(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenoxy]ethyl group, which were shown to exhibit complete HDAC6 inhibition at 10 μM. Furthermore, evaluation of these compounds for interaction with cholinesterases (AChE and BChE) and monoamine oxidases (A and B) revealed some of them to be moderate inhibitors in that respect as well.
A Versatile Pre and Post Ugi Modification for the Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Fused Peptide‐Carboline Scaffolds as Potential Anti‐Leishmanial Agents
Authors: Khan Irfan , Singh Jaybir , Kumar Vivek , Verma Ved Prakash , Shukla Monika , Dhasmana Anupam , Naruka Puspendera Singh , Goswami Ajay Kumar , Ameta Keshav Lalit , Khan Shahnawaz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA series of novel β‐carboline‐peptide (5 a‐5 f)/ tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines‐peptide (10 a‐10 f) has been synthesized via natural product inspired molecular hybridization approach. All the hybrids were examined for their anti‐leishmanial potential. Most of the screened derivatives exhibited significant in vitro anti‐leishmanial activity against promastigote and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 ranging from 2.43 to 7.61 μM) than the control, miltefosine (IC50 = 8.2 μM), with less cytotoxicity in comparison to the standard drugs (sodium stibogluconate, and miltefosine). Compound 5 a was also able to inhibit Leishmania donovani TR (LdTR). A molecular modeling study based on docking and subsequent binding free energy evaluation was carry out in the active site of LdTR to understand their possible binding site. Our results show that prototype 1(5 a‐5 f) & 2 (10 a‐10 f) represent a new structural lead for anti‐leishmanial Chemotherapy.
Iodine‐Mediated Nucleophilic Direct Oxidative α‐Acetoxylation and α‐Alkoxylation of Ketones
Authors: Pogaku Naresh , Krishna Palakodety Radha , Prapurna Y. Lakshmi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA general and facile approach for the direct α‐functionalization of ketones mediated by iodine is developed. The operational simplicity, easily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions and tolerance of wide range of functional groups are the major benefits of the reaction.
Work‐related stress and cognitive performance among middle‐aged adults: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil)
Authors: de Souza‐Talarico Juliana Nery , Suemoto Claudia Kimie , Santos Itamar S. , Griep Rosane Härter , Yamaguti Siomara Tavares Fernandes , Lotufo Paulo A. , Bensenõr Isabela J.M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAssessing risk factors exposure, such as stress in the workplace during adulthood, may contribute to detecting early signs of cognitive impairment in order to implement effective actions to improve brain health and consequently to decrease cognitive disorders later in life. In this cross‐sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether work‐related stress is associated with low cognitive performance in middle‐aged adults from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil) and whether social support mediates this relationship. Work‐related stress was evaluated in 9,969 workers using the Demand‐Control‐Support Questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the verbal fluency, trail‐making version B, and delayed recall word tests. Work‐related stress was associated with lower performance on the delayed recall, verbal fluency, and executive function tests in middle‐aged adults. Social support may mediate the association between work demands and cognitive performance. These findings support that work‐related stress is associated with cognitive performance during adulthood.
Stability design of cable‐stayed columns
Authors: Tankova Trayana , da Silva Luís Simões , Martins João Pedro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelected, extended paper from the SDSS 2019 special session ECCS/TC8 – Structural StabilityCable‐stayed columns offer several advantages among traditional solutions. Owing to the additional restraint given by the prestressed cables and cross‐arms, they can provide enhanced buckling resistance in comparison to conventional columns. They are also aesthetically appealing, combining a strong architectural effect with a top‐notch engineering solution. This paper presents a design approach for the stability design of prestressed cable‐stayed columns. This method is based on the well‐known Ayrton‐Perry format, combining first‐ and second‐order effects. The imperfection factors were calibrated on the basis of experimental results. This method is consistent with design rules for uniform columns in Eurocode 3 and is easy to apply.
The simplified method of the equivalent compression flange
Authors: Schaper Lukas , Jörg Fabian , Winkler Rebekka , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Knobloch Markus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtended version of the Tomáš Vraný SDSS Award 2019The method of the equivalent compression flange simplifies the verification of lateral torsional buckling of steel beams to flexural buckling of an equivalent part of the cross‐section that is in compression. The current simplified method is based on outdated normative rules and the design results may be both, uneconomic and non‐conservative. To remedy these shortcomings, the simplified method is modified based on the basic structural behaviour of steel beams taking into account the effects of material, cross‐sectional geometry and residual stresses. This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study on the lateral torsional buckling behaviour and residual stresses of welded doubly‐ and mono‐symmetric I‐shaped steel beams. Moreover, an improved simplified method of the equivalent compression flange is proposed for design purposes.
Human iPSC differentiation to retinal organoids in response to IGF1 and BMP4 activation is line- and method-dependent
Authors: Chichagova Valeria , Hilgen Gerrit , Ghareeb Ali , Georgiou Maria , Carter Madeleine , Sernagor Evelyne , Lako Majlinda , Armstrong Lyle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids provide a platform to study human retinogenesis, disease modeling, and compound screening. Although retinal organoids may represent tissue structures with greater physiological relevance to the in vivo human retina, their generation is not without limitations. Various protocols have been developed to enable development of organoids with all major retinal cell types; however, variability across iPSC lines is often reported. Modulating signaling pathways important for eye formation, such as those involving bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), is a common approach used for the generation of retinal tissue in vitro. We used three human iPSC lines to generate retinal organoids by activating either BMP4 or IGF1 signaling and assessed differentiation efficiency by monitoring morphological changes, gene and protein expression, and function. Our results showed that the ability of iPSC to give rise to retinal organoids in response to IGF1 and BMP4 activation was line- and method-dependent. This demonstrates that careful consideration is needed when choosing a differentiation approach, which would also depend on overall project aims.
Hes1 regulates anagen initiation and hair follicle regeneration through modulation of hedgehog signaling
Authors: Suen Wei-Jeng , Li Shao-Ting , Yang Liang-Tung 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adult hair follicles undergo repeated cycling of regression (catagen), resting (telogen), and growth (anagen), which is maintained by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The mechanism underlying hair growth initiation and HFSC maintenance is not fully understood. Here, by epithelial deletion of Hes1, a major Notch downstream transcriptional repressor, we found that hair growth is retarded, but the hair cycle progresses normally. Hes1 is specifically upregulated in the lower bulge/HG during anagen initiation. Accordingly, loss of Hes1 results in delayed activation of the secondary hair germ (HG) and shortened anagen phase. This developmental delay causes reduced hair shaft length but not identity changes in follicular lineages. Remarkably, Hes1 ablation results in impaired hair regeneration upon repetitive depilation. Microarray gene profiling on HFSCs indicates that Hes1 modulates Shh responsiveness in anagen initiation. Using primary keratinocyte cultures, we demonstrated that Hes1 deletion negatively influences ciliogenesis and Smoothened ciliary accumulation upon Shh treatment. Furthermore, transient application of Smoothened agonist during repetitive depilation can rescue anagen initiation and HFSC self-renewal in Hes1-deficient hair follicles. We reveal a critical function of Hes1 in potentiating Shh signaling in anagen initiation, which allows sufficient signaling strength to expand the HG and replenish HFSCs to maintain the hair cycle homeostasis.
KLF2+ stemness maintains human mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration
Authors: Zhou Ying , Liu Chao , He Jianxiang , Dong Lingqing , Zhu Huiyong , Zhang Bin , Feng Xiaoxia , Weng Wenjian , Cheng Kui , Yu Mengfei , Wang Huiming 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are undifferentiated stem cells with the property of stemness and the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages, including osteoblasts, have attracted a great deal of attention in bone tissue engineering. Consistent with the heterogeneity of MSCs, various surface markers have been used. However, it is still unclear which markers of MSCs are best for cell amplification in vitro and later bone regeneration in vivo. Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2) is an important indicator of the stemness of human MSCs (hMSCs) and as early vascularization is also critical for bone regeneration, we used KLF2 as a novel in vitro marker for MSCs and investigated the angiogenesis and osteogenesis between KLF2+ MSCs and endothelial cells (ECs). We found a synergistic interaction between hMSCs and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) in that KLF2+ stemness-maintained hMSCs initially promoted the angiogenesis of HUVECs, which in turn more efficiently stimulated the osteogenesis of hMSCs. In fact, KLF2+ hMSCs secreted angiogenic factors initially, with some of the cells then differentiating into pericytes through the PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling pathway, which improved blood vessel formation. The matured HUVECs in turn synergistically enhanced the osteogenesis of KLF2+ hMSCs through upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor. A three-dimensional coculture model using cell-laden gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel further confirmed these results. This study provides insight into the stemness-directed synergistic interaction between hMSCs and HUVECs, and our results will have a profound impact on further strategies involving the application of KLF2+ hMSC/HUVEC-laden GelMA hydrogel in vascular network bioengineering and bone regeneration.
A generalized method for estimating drifts and drift components of tall buildings under lateral loading
Authors: Hu Hong‐Song , Wang Rui‐Tao , Guo Zi‐Xiong , Shahrooz Bahram M. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryA generalized method for estimating the drifts of tall buildings composed of planar moment‐resisting frames and coupled shear walls under lateral loading is presented. This method establishes the stiffness equations at the story levels by assuming that all the nodes in the same floor of a planar lateral‐force‐resisting unit have an identical lateral displacement, an identical rotation component due to the axial deformations of the columns, and an identical rotation component due to the flexural and shear deformations of the beams. By adopting this simplification, the story drifts contributed by different types of deformations, namely, the axial deformations of the columns or wall piers, the flexural and shear deformations of the beams, and the double‐curvature bending and shear deformations of the columns or wall piers, can be identified. In the formulation of the stiffness matrix, the P‐Delta effects were also incorporated. Through comparisons between the lateral displacements and story drifts computed using the proposed method and those computed using the structural analysis software Midas/Gen, the proposed method is proved to have high accuracy in estimating the drifts of tall building structures.
The history, establishment, and functioning of Special‐purpose Committees under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
Authors: Smith Gideon F. , Schori Melanie , Wilson Karen L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBetween International Botanical Congresses, Special‐purpose Committees (SPCs), previously simply called “Special Committees”, fulfill an important governance function on behalf of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Code) through addressing particular topics assigned to them by the Nomenclature Section of an International Botanical Congress or, since 2017, of an International Mycological Congress. Considering the very diverse topics referred to SPCs, the Code does not set out in detail how such Committees should or could function. Given that SPCs are now prominently mentioned in Division III of the current (Shenzhen) Code, we provide the history that led up to this point. We also provide background on the establishment, membership, and functioning of SPCs, and how they differ from ad hoc and Standing Committees.
The neglected nameStatice auriculifolia(Plumbaginaceae) and its related names: A long history of nomenclatural intricacy
Authors: Del Guacchio Emanuele , Erben Matthias , Caputo Paolo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe authors studiedStaticenames derived from the Tournefortianum “Limonium Lusitanicum, Auriculae Ursi folio”. The nameS. auriculaeursifolia, basionym of the acceptedLimonium auriculaeursifolium, is typified by a specimen in Lamarck's herbarium in Paris. The controversial nameS. auriculifolia, often regarded as a synonym ofL. auriculaeursifolium, corresponds instead toL. nydeggeri, employed for a narrowly endemic plant of Portugal, and has priority over that name.Statice auriculifoliais lectotypified by a specimen in Tournefort's herbarium. In addition, the related namesS. lychnidifolia,S. willdenovii(both illegitimate and synonyms ofL. auriculaeursifolium), andS. ovalifoliumare discussed. Finally, the taxon to which the invalid name “L. ovalifoliumsubsp.gallicum” has been applied, has a legitimate name at the specific rank:L. gallicumDomina. This latter name, however, is a taxonomic synonym ofL. ovalifolium.
Critical Expressionism: Expanding Reader Response in Critical Literacy
Authors: McLaughlin Maureen , DeVoogd Glenn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCritical literacy requires that readers have both the ability and the deliberate inclination to think critically about texts of all types, meaningfully question their origin and purpose, and take action. Response to reading from a critical stance has typically been limited to discussion but has recently expanded to include other modes of response.Critical expressionismis the term that describes this newly expanded, more encompassing type of critical response. In this article, the authors begin by defining critical literacy and critical expressionism. Next, they detail how to teach students to become critically literate and engage in critical expressionism. Then, the authors provide classroom examples of critical literacy in action, traditional and multimodal texts, and critical expressions that students created in response to reading from a critical stance. The authors also explain how critical literacy and critical expressionism lead to deep comprehension, a more insightful level of reader understanding.
Minimal D 4 truncations of type I lA
Authors: Varela Oscar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Consistent embeddings are found of the minimal $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 gauged supergravities in four dimensions into its maximally supersymmetric, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8, counterpart with a dyonic ISO(7) gauging. These minimal truncations retain the metric along with relevant U(l) and S0(3) R-symmetry gauge fields selected from the ISO (7) ones. The remaining ISO (7) gauge fields are turned off, with subtleties introduced by the dyonic gauging, and the scalars are fixed to their expectation values at the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 vacua of theN = 8 theory. Using the truncation formulae for massive type I IA supergravity on the six-sphere to D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 ISO (7) supergravity, the minimal D = 4 $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 gauged supergravities are then uplifted consistently to ten dimensions.
On lepton number violation in heavy neutrino decays at colliders
Authors: Drewes Marco , Klaríc Juraj , Klose Philipp 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We study the perspective to observe lepton number violating signatures from heavy Majorana neutrino decays at colliders in view of the requirement to explain the light neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism. In the minimal model with only two heavy neutrinos and in the νMSM one can identify three distinct regions in the mass- mixing plane. For Majorana masses above the electroweak scale the branching ratio for lepton number violating processes at the LHC is generically suppressed. For masses well below the electroweak scale that are probed in displaced vertex searches or at fixed target experiments lepton number violation is the rule and can only be avoided at the cost of fine tuning. In between there is a mass regime where both possibilities coexist. In models with more than two heavy neutrinos the larger parameter space allows for more freedom, but our results remain qualitatively correct unless there is a mass degeneracy amongst more than two of the heavy neutrinos.
The Impact of Implementing a Comprehensive Surgical Program on the Surgical Cohort at a Remote Referral Hospital in Southeastern Liberia
Authors: Joharifard Shahrzad , Price Natalie , Ipanaqué Josué Gabriel Yarlequé , Clarke Robert Harold , Nyemah Emmanuel , Wallace Andrew F. , Dobboh Charles , Howe Christiana , Kortimai Lucia Gizzie , Chukwuemeka Nnajieneh Stanley , Mentoe Sianeh Jackson , Kabeto Abdissa Kurkie , Beste Jason , Dunbar Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLiberia has an extreme health workforce shortage, particularly with respect to surgery. JJ Dossen Memorial (JJD) is a public referral hospital supported by Partners in Health.MethodsWe designed and implemented a comprehensive surgical program at JJD. Using case logs, clinic records, and transfer data between December 2016 and April 2018, we evaluated the impact of this program on the surgical cohort and examined temporal trends in patient origin using GIS.ResultsThe mean number of cases per day increased from 1.7 ± 1.0 to 2.4 ± 1.3 (p < 0.001). The proportion of females decreased from 59.8 to 51.2% (p = 0.03), and mean age decreased from 32.2 ± 14.2 to 29.8 ± 16.5 years (p = 0.05). The proportion of elective procedures, C‐sections, and laparotomies did not change, but hernias decreased from 28.9 to 22.3% (p = 0.05) and oncologic surgery increased from 0.0 to 5.6% (p < 0.001). A smaller proportion of cases were performed under local or general anesthesia, while a larger proportion were performed under spinal and sedation (p < 0.001). Outward surgical transfers decreased from 13.1 to 5.4% (p < 0.001). The mean distance from patient residence to JJD increased from 24.8 ± 29.0 to 32.3 ± 41.9 km (p = 0.01). GIS analysis revealed a broader distribution of patient origins.ConclusionsSurgeons are desperately needed in referral hospitals to address the large burden of surgical disease in Liberia. The implementation of a surgical program significantly changed the demographics of the surgical cohort and the surgical case mix. Our data can inform training for health workers in Liberia and elsewhere.