bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seronegative Adult Autoimmune Enteropathy in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lundholm Michelle D. , Wanta Kaitlin , Ding Xianzhong , Palmer Lena , Abegunde Ayokunle T. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare disorder of the immune system. We present a 75-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with 4 months of intractable vomiting, diarrhea, and unexplained weight loss. Initial workup was negative for infection and celiac disease, but her symptoms progressed. Repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed duodenal scalloping and friability. Biopsies of the duodenum and terminal ileum showed glandular destruction, epithelial apoptosis, and goblet cell depletion. Colonoscopic examination was normal, and random colon biopsies did not show evidence of microscopic colitis. She was diagnosed with autoimmune enteropathy, and treatment consisted of an extended corticosteroid taper, with the resolution of symptoms.
Lateral Spreading Tumor Arising in an Interposed Colonic Segment
Authors: Simões Carolina , Moura Miguel , Noronha Ferreira Carlos , Rosa Rosario , Freire José Paulo , Carrilho Ribeiro Luís , Tato Marinho Rui 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
A 57-year-old woman developed dysphagia 30 years after esophagectomy with partial gastrectomy and colonic interposition due to severe and extensive caustic esophageal stricture. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a lateral spreading tumor in the colonic tube with a granular surface measuring 40 mm in diameter. The lesion was removed by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection. Histology revealed tubular adenoma with low/high-grade dysplasia. Although colonic interposition replacement is a relatively common procedure, especially in the past, the development of adenoma or adenocarcinoma as a late complication is very rare.
Pancreatic Head Mass: A Rare Manifestation of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Castillo Michael , Gonzalez Adalberto , Ur Rahman Asad , Kaur Jeevna , Bejarano Pablo , Wadhwa Vaibhav , Schneider Alison , Pimentel Ronnie 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis may rarely present as an inflammatory pancreatic mass and mimic pancreatic cancer. We report a 73-year-old man who presented with fever and weight loss. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated a mass in the pancreatic head along with multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules. Our differential included metastatic pancreatic cancer vs an autoimmune process. Positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies coupled with the lung biopsy findings established the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a very rare cause of pancreatic masses. After completion of immunosuppressive therapy, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no evidence of a pancreatic mass. More studies are required to establish the management of these masses.
Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Patients With Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshikazu , Sakurai Yuuichi , Takabayashi Nobuyoshi , Kudou Kentaro , Araki Takahiro , Miyagi Takuya , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Ashida Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan on heartburn symptoms in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02954848).

METHODS:
This phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included Japanese patients aged 20 years and older with grade N/M NERD and recurrent heartburn. Patients received placebo (n = 245) or vonoprazan 10 mg (n = 238) for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was frequency of heartburn experienced by patients during the treatment period (proportion of days without heartburn). Other outcomes included cumulative improvement rates of heartburn, proportion of patients with complete heartburn resolution in the fourth week of treatment, and safety.

RESULTS:
Compared with placebo, the proportion of days without heartburn was not significantly higher in the vonoprazan group in the full analysis (primary end point, 72.55% vs 61.50%, vonoprazan vs placebo, P = 0.0643) but was significantly higher in the per-protocol-set sensitivity analysis (P = 0.0341). Early onset of response and significantly greater cumulative improvement rates of heartburn were observed in the vonoprazan group (P = 0.0003). In a post hoc analysis, a greater proportion of patients with complete heartburn resolution in the fourth week of treatment were reported in the vonoprazan group (P = 0.0023). Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between treatment groups (23.5% vs 23.3%); most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild in severity.

DISCUSSION:
Although vonoprazan 10 mg was not superior to placebo with respect to proportion of days without heartburn in Japanese patients with NERD, vonoprazan had a significantly higher cumulative rate of heartburn resolution and was well tolerated.
Peningkatan Lingkungan Bersih dan Sehat di Kampung Kalisari Timur I, Surabaya
Authors: Irawati Desrina Yusi , B Yemima Hartono , Marcella Olivia 
Published: November 2019

Program pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Kalisari Timur I RT 2 RW 6, Surabaya. Mayoritas penduduk laki-laki di kampung ini bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan, dan ibu-ibu berprofesi sebagai asisten rumah tangga atau penjual makanan. Permasalahan yang terjadi di daerah ini adalah kurang memiliki budaya membuang sampah pada tempatnya sehingga sampah berserakan, tidak menjaga kebersihan dan kerapian lingkungan sekitar, dan tidak memiliki jadwal kerja bakti secara rutin. Solusi yang ditawarkan dari masalah ini adalah menghidupkan jadwal kerja bakti secara rutin, membiasakan membuang sampah pada tempatnya dengan pengadaan tempat sampah di setiap rumah, melakukan pengecatan lorong serta gapura, penanaman tanaman sebagai wujud memperindah lingkungan sekitar, dan pemasangan slogan kebersihan lingkungan di beberapa titik. Program pengabdian tersebut mendapat respon positif dikalangan warga, terbukti dengan keikutsertaan warga pada setiap program. Hasil program yang sudah terlaksana adalah lingkungan terlihat bersih, rapi, serta cerah, warga mulai membiasakan diri membuang sampah pada tempatnya, mengingatkan warga untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dari slogan yang sudah tertempel, menumbuhkan rasa memiliki dan bertanggungjawab terhadap lingkungan sekitar.[This community service program was conducted at Kalisari Timur I RT 2 RW 6, Surabaya. The majority of the male population in this village earn a living as fishermen, and mothers work as household assistants or food vendors. The problems that occur in this area are those who do not have the culture of disposing of garbage in trash cans scattered about, do not need cleanliness and neatness of the surrounding environment, and do not have regular work schedules. The solution offered from this problem is to open a routine work schedule, familiarize garbage disposal according to the procurement of trash bins in each house, do the casting of aisles and gates, plant plants to beautify the environment, and put slogans on environmental cleanliness at various points. This service program received a positive response among residents, as evidenced by the participation of citizens in each program. The results of the program that have been implemented are that the environment looks clean, neat, bright, residents are getting used to throwing trash in its place, convincing citizens to always maintain the cleanliness of the environment from the slogan that has been attached, foster a sense of belonging and be responsible for the surrounding environment.]
PEMIKIRAN HADIS SHÂH WALÎ ALLAH AL-DAHLAWÎ TENTANG METODE PEMAHAMAN HADIS
Authors: Sa'diyah Fatichatus 
Published: November 2019

The problem of understanding the hadith of the Prophet is an urgent question to discuss. This stems from the reality of the hadith as the second source of Islamic teaching after the Quran which in some respects is different from the Quran. One possible way is to conduct a study on the method of understanding the hadith of Shah Walî Allah al-Dahlawî. In this study, it will be elaborated on the method of understanding the hadith based on their forgetting. The results of this study show that epistemologically, the method of understanding hadith according to al-Dahlawî is, among others; the understanding of the hadith based on its validity (knowing its meaning, thus its legal content, ‘illat, harmony, and conditions), the solution of the opposite hadith, and the understanding of the hadith based on historical facts. Ontologically, the method of understanding al-Dahlawî’s hadith is: the hadith is understood based on the position of the Prophet divided into two parts (tablîgh and ghayr al-tablîgh), and the hadith is also understood based on the secrets contained in the text of the hadith. Such al-Dahlawî’s thinking on the method of understanding the hadith has several implications; First, the understanding of the hadith offered opens up the possibility of developing scholars insights later, in which they adopt the same approach as al-Dahlawî. Second, the applications and examples presented by al-Dahlawî have much to do with fiqh. He was a scholar who was able to reconcile the hadith and fiqh, whose thoughts from his works are the answer to the turmoil of thought and the sect that occurred in his time in India. Kata Kunci: Hadis, Hadith Thought, Shâh Walî Allah al-Dahlawî, the method of understanding the hadith
Potensi Penyimpanan Karbon pada Lamun Spesies Enhalus acoroides dan Cymodocea serrulata Di Perairan Jepara
Authors: Harimbi Ken Asti , Taufiq-Spj Nur , Riniatsih Ita 
Published: November 2019

Pemanasan global telah menjadi perhatian dunia. Riset karbon dilakukan dalam upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Ekosistem pesisir memiliki fungsi penyerap karbon di lautan (carbon sink) yang dikenal dengan istilah blue carbon. Karbon bebas yang diserap kemudian tersimpan pada sedimen dan organ pada lamun dalam bentuk biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung estimasi stok karbon pada lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides dan Cymodocea serrulata di Teluk Awur, Jepara Jawa Tengah pada Desember 2018. Sampling survey method digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mendapatkan nilai kerapatan lamun, penentuan titik sampling lamun dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis kandungan karbon dengan metode pengabuan, sampel lamun dicuplik 3 individu pada jenis Enhalus acoroides dan 6 individu pada jenis Cymodocea serrulatadari 27 titik sampling. Penghitungan total stok karbon dilakukan dengan konversi data biomassa hasil perhitungan kerapatan lamun menjadi kandungan karbon. Hasil analisis menunjukkan estimasi stok karbon jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides (1,07 ton/ha) lebih tinggi daripada Cymodocea serrulata (0,64 ton/ha). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sebagai carbon sink. Untuk selanjutnya diharapkan adanya pengelolaan ekosistem pesisir dan laut secara terpadu untuk mempertahankan keberadaan lamun agar kontribusi terhadap ekosistem di sekitarnya semakin stabil. Global warming has been the world's concern. This research was conducted in concern to adapt and mitigate the climate change. Coastal ecosystem has a carbon sink function in the ocean known as a blue carbon. The absorbed carbon is stored on the sediment and organ of the seagrass in the form of biomass. This research aims to estimate carbon stocks on Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea serrulata in Teluk Awur coastal waters, Jepara of Central Java which was conducted on December 2018. Sampling survey method was used in this study. In order to find the density value of the seagrass in the field area, purposive sampling method was used to determine the sampling points. Dry-ashing method was used for analysing carbon content of the seagrass by using 3 individuals of Enhalus acoroides and 6 individuals sample of Cymodocea serrulata from 27 sampling points. The total calculation of carbon stocks is conducted by converting biomass data into carbon content. The results shows that estimation of the carbon stock of seagrass Enhalus acoroides (1.07 tons/ha) was higher than Cymodocea serrulata (0.64 tons/ha). This can be conclude that the seagrass ecosystem serves as a carbon sink, hence, it is expected that integrated coastal and marine ecosystems management can be maintained the seagrass existence in order to contributed to the surrounding ecosystem.
Elements of IYPT2019
Authors: Reedijk Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements has without any doubt developed to one of the most significant achievements in natural sciences. The Table (or System, as called in some languages) is capturing the essence, not only of chemistry, but also of other science areas, like physics, geology, astronomy and biology. The Periodic Table is to be seen as a very special and unique tool, which allows chemists and other scientists to predict the appearance and properties of matter on earth and even in other parts of our the universe.
Elements of Life at the Oxo Wall
Authors: Gray Harry B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We live on a planet bathed in dioxygen. Iron, the most abundant transition metal element on Earth, reacts with dioxygen to form rust and red clays. It is also an essential component of enzymes that generate the energy we need to live, but alas, many of these reactions can be harmful, leading eventually to destruction of vital organs in our bodies. We can’t live without iron and dioxygen, but there are challenges living with them!
A novel film-forming silicone polymer as shale inhibitor for water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Sun Jinsheng , Zhang Fan , Lv Kaihe , Chang Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA novel shale inhibitor was synthesized by free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution, using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), maleic anhydride (MA) KH-570 as reaction monomers and potassium persulfate as initiator. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the copolymer was higher than 226°C, which indicated that the copolymer had good high temperature resistance. At the same time, the inhibition performance of the copolymer was further evaluated by linear expansion, immersion test and rolling recovery. The experimental results show that the inhibition performance of organosilicon polymer is obviously better than that of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium polyacrylate (KPAM), and it can be used as an inhibitor in shale gas drilling.
The NGFR100WMutation Specifically Impairs Nociception without Affecting Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type V
Authors: Testa Giovanna , Mainardi Marco , Morelli Chiara , Olimpico Francesco , Pancrazi Laura , Petrella Carla , Severini Cinzia , Florio Rita , Malerba Francesca , Stefanov Antonia , Strettoi Enrica , Brandi Rossella , Arisi Ivan , Heppenstall Paul , Costa Mario , Capsoni Simona , Cattaneo Antonino 
Published: November 2019

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key mediator of nociception, acting during the development and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and on adult DRG neuron sensitization to painful stimuli. NGF also has central actions in the brain, where it regulates the phenotypic maintenance of cholinergic neurons. The physiological function of NGF as a pain mediator is altered in patients with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V (HSAN V), caused by the 661C>T transition in theNgfgene, resulting in the R100W missense mutation in mature NGF. Homozygous HSAN V patients present with congenital pain insensitivity, but are cognitively normal. This led us to hypothesize that the R100W mutation may differentially affect the central and peripheral actions of NGF. To test this hypothesis and provide a mechanistic basis to the HSAN V phenotype, we generated transgenic mice harboring the human 661C>T mutation in theNgfgene and studied both males and females. We demonstrate that heterozygous NGFR100W/wtmice display impaired nociception. DRG neurons of NGFR100W/wtmice are morphologically normal, with no alteration in the different DRG subpopulations, whereas skin innervation is reduced. The NGFR100Wprotein has reduced capability to activate pain-specific signaling, paralleling its reduced ability to induce mechanical allodynia. Surprisingly, however, NGFR100W/wtmice, unlike heterozygous mNGF+/−mice, show no learning or memory deficits, despite a reduction in secretion and brain levels of NGF. The results exclude haploinsufficiency of NGF as a mechanistic cause for heterozygous HSAN V mice and demonstrate a specific effect of the R100W mutation on nociception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe R100W mutation in nerve growth factor (NGF) causes Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V, a rare disease characterized by impaired nociception, even in apparently clinically silent heterozygotes. For the first time, we generated and characterized heterozygous knock-in mice carrying the human R100W-mutated allele (NGFR100W/wt). Mutant mice have normal nociceptor populations, which, however, display decreased activation of pain transduction pathways. NGFR100Winterferes with peripheral and central NGF bioavailability, but this does not impact on CNS function, as demonstrated by normal learning and memory, in contrast with heterozygous NGF knock-out mice. Thus, a point mutation allows neurotrophic and pronociceptive functions of NGF to be split, with interesting implications for the treatment of chronic pain.
Growth and Distribution of Child Psychiatrists in the United States: 2007–2016
Authors: McBain Ryan K. , Kofner Aaron , Stein Bradley D. , Cantor Jonathan H. , Vogt William B. , Yu Hao 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:Historically, there has been a shortage of child psychiatrists in the United States, undermining access to care. This study updated trends in the growth and distribution of child psychiatrists over the past decade.METHODS:Data from the Area Health Resource Files were used to compare the number of child psychiatrists per 100 000 children ages 0 to 19 between 2007 and 2016 by state and county. We also examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with the density of child psychiatrists at the county level over this period using negative binomial multivariable models.RESULTS:From 2007 to 2016, the number of child psychiatrists in the United States increased from 6590 to 7991, a 21.3% gain. The number of child psychiatrists per 100 000 children also grew from 8.01 to 9.75, connoting a 21.7% increase. County- and state-level growth varied widely, with 6 states observing a decline in the ratio of child psychiatrists (ID, IN, KS, ND, SC, and SD) and 6 states increasing by &gt;50% (AK, AR, NH, NV, OK, and RI). Seventy percent of counties had no child psychiatrists in both 2007 and 2016. Child psychiatrists were significantly more likely to practice in high-income counties (P &lt; .001), counties with higher levels of postsecondary education (P &lt; .001), and metropolitan counties compared with those adjacent to metropolitan regions (P &lt; .05).CONCLUSIONS:Despite the increased ratio of child psychiatrists per 100 000 children in the United States over the past decade, there remains a dearth of child psychiatrists, particularly in parts of the United States with lower levels of income and education.
Religious Vaccine Exemptions in Kindergartners: 2011–2018
Authors: Williams Joshua T.B. , Rice John , Cox-Martin Matt , Bayliss Elizabeth A. , O’Leary Sean T. 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:
Forty-five states permit religious exemptions to school immunization laws; 15 allow personal belief exemptions. Updated religious exemption estimates are lacking, and it is unclear if personal belief exemption availability impacts religious exemption rates. We aimed to (1) update religious exemption trends in kindergartners, (2) compare states’ proportions of kindergartners with religious exemptions by personal belief exemption availability, and (3) describe whether the proportion of kindergartners with religious exemptions changed in Vermont after it eliminated personal belief exemptions in 2016.

METHODS:
We analyzed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data on exemptions for children entering kindergarten from 2011 to 2018, including 295 state-years in our final analysis. Using a quasi-binomial regression analysis, we compared mean proportions of kindergartners with religious exemptions in states allowing both nonmedical exemptions against states with religious exemptions only, adjusting for policy strength and school year.

RESULTS:
States with religious and personal belief exemptions were one-fourth as likely to have kindergartners with religious exemptions as states with religious exemptions only (risk ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.38). After Vermont’s policy change, the mean proportion of kindergartners with a religious exemption increased from 0.5% to 3.7%. States were significantly more likely to have kindergartners with religious exemptions during the 2017–2018 school year compared with the 2011–2012 school year (P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS:
Religious exemption rates appear to be associated with personal belief exemption availability, may be subject to a replacement effect on personal belief exemption elimination, and are increasing. Researchers and policy makers should confirm findings with individual-level studies and reconsider the purpose and nature of religious exemption laws.
Assessment of relationship between the use of cell phone and social networks and sleep quality in students of medical sciences: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Saman Javad Amini , Valinejadi Ali , Mohammadi Saeed , Karimpor Hassanali , Mirzaei Maryam , Kawyannejad Rasool 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Sleep quality is an essential aspect in human health and function. Considering high prevalence of using smartphones and social networks among students and their impact on sleep quality, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the overuse of cell phone and addiction to social networks and students’ sleep quality. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran in 2018. Using cluster sampling, 321 students from different disciplines were selected. Data gathering tools consisted of the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cell phone use and addiction to social networks were assessed using Cell Phone Overuse Scale and a researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) and Pearson’s correlation test. Results The mean total score of sleep quality in students was 6.58 ± 1.05. There was a positive and significant correlation between sleep quality and social networks addiction score (p < 0.05, r = 0.5) and cell phone overuse (p < 0.05, r = 0.44); this is an inverse correlation, because higher scores of the total PSQI denote a lower sleep quality and, in Cell Phone Overuse Scale, higher scores shows overuse. Conclusions According to the findings of this study, there was a significant statistical relationship between the overuse of cell phone and social networks and students’ sleep quality. In other words, students who have had overuse of cell phones had poorer sleep quality. Therefore, providing effective educational programs to improve the sleep quality in this group is essential.