bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Profiling of Methyl-CpG-Binding Domains for Combinations of Cytosine Modifications at CpG Dinucleotides Reveals Differential Read-out in Normal and Rett-Associated States
Authors: Buchmuller Benjamin C. , Kosel Brinja , Summerer Daniel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract5-Methylcytosine (mC) exists in CpG dinucleotides of mammalian DNA and plays key roles in chromatin regulation during development and disease. As a main regulatory pathway, fully methylated CpG are recognized by methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins that act in concert with chromatin remodelers, histone deacetylases and methyltransferases to trigger transcriptional downregulation. In turn, MBD mutations can alter CpG binding, and in case of the MBD protein MeCP2 can cause the neurological disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). An additional layer of complexity in CpG recognition is added by ten-eleven-translocation (TET) dioxygenases that oxidize mC to 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl- and 5-carboxylcytosine, giving rise to fifteen possible combinations of cytosine modifications in the two CpG strands. We report a comprehensive, comparative interaction analysis of the human MBD proteins MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 with all CpG combinations and observe individual preferences of each MBD for distinct combinations. In addition, we profile four MeCP2 RTT mutants and reveal that although interactions to methylated CpGs are similarly affected by the mutations, interactions to oxidized mC combinations are differentially affected. These findings argue for a complex interplay between local TET activity/processivity and CpG recognition by MBDs, with potential consequences for the transcriptional landscape in normal and RTT states.
The Effect of Eucalyptol on Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Goto Seiko , Suzuki Hinako , Nakagawa Toshinori , Shimizu Kuniyoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEucalyptol is one of the most popular volatile components. It is used in many essential oils for relieving sinus and lung congestion caused by a variety of conditions. This pilot study sought to analyze clinical evidence for the effect of the scent of eucalyptol on the cognitive function of elderly people. Seventy nursing-home residents with cognitive impairment were recruited. Three one-week experiments were performed: eucalyptol scent was diffused in bedrooms with a diffuser only at wake-up time in the first experiment, and at wake-up time and bedtime in the second and third experiments. Results showed that although an improvement was not seen when using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cohen-Mansfild Agitation Inventory (CMAI) measures, Dementia Behavior Disturbance Scale (DBD) scores improved significantly, even though no subject reported perceiving the scent. The significant improvements of the behaviour were found not only among the subjects whose room had a diffuser but also among the subjects who were exposed to an unperceivable level of eucalyptol drifted in the living room.
Immunotherapeutic potential of CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells in thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko , Iwahori Kota , Funaki Soichiro , Matsumoto Mitsunobu , Hirata Michinari , Yoshida Tetsuya , Kanzaki Ryu , Kanou Takashi , Ose Naoko , Minami Masato , Sato Eiichi , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Shintani Yasushi , Okumura Meinoshin , Wada Hisashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIndications for current immune checkpoint inhibitors are expanding and now include thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). Although clinical trials on immune checkpoint inhibitors for TETs are ongoing, a rationale has not yet been established for immunotherapy for TETs. Therefore, we herein performed phenotypic and functional analyses of T cells in surgically resected TET tissues with a focus on the anti-tumor properties of T cells to TETs as a step towards establishing a rationale for immunotherapy for TETs. We examined T-cell profiles in surgically resected TET tissues, particularly CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells, using flow cytometry. In the functional analysis of T cells in TETs, we investigated not only cytokine production by T cells, but also their cytotoxicity using bispecific T-cell engager technology. The cluster analysis of T-cell profiles based on flow cytometric data revealed that type B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma (B3/C) belonged to the hot cluster characterized by a high proportion of Tim-3+ and CD103+ in CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells. Enhancements in cytokine production and the cytotoxicity of T cells by the anti-PD-1 antibody were significantly greater in B3/C. These results indicate the potential of immunotherapy for patients with B3/C.
The First 250 ms of Auditory Processing: No Evidence of Early Processing Negativity in the Go/NoGo Task
Authors: Fogarty Jack S. , Barry Robert J. , Steiner Genevieve Z. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPast evidence of an early Processing Negativity in auditory Go/NoGo event-related potential (ERP) data suggests that young adults proactively process sensory information in two-choice tasks. This study aimed to clarify the occurrence of Go/NoGo Processing Negativity and investigate the ERP component series related to the first 250 ms of auditory processing in two Go/NoGo tasks differing in target probability. ERP data related to each task were acquired from 60 healthy young adults (M = 20.4, SD = 3.1 years). Temporal principal components analyses were used to decompose ERP data in each task. Statistical analyses compared component amplitudes between stimulus type (Go vs. NoGo) and probability (High vs. Low). Neuronal source localisation was also conducted for each component. Processing Negativity was not evident; however, P1, N1a, N1b, and N1c were identified in each task, with Go P2 and NoGo N2b. The absence of Processing Negativity in this study indicated that young adults do not proactively process targets to complete the Go/NoGo task and/or questioned Processing Negativity’s conceptualisation. Additional analyses revealed stimulus-specific processing as early as P1, and outlined a complex network of active neuronal sources underlying each component, providing useful insight into Go and NoGo information processing in young adults.
Nobiletin exerts anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in anin vitrohuman model andin vivomurine model of gestational diabetes
Authors: Nguyen-Ngo Caitlyn , Salomon Carlos , Quak Stephanie , Lai Andrew , Willcox Jane C , Lappas Martha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health issue, whereby pregnant women are afflicted with carbohydrate intolerance with first onset during pregnancy. GDM is characterized by maternal peripheral insulin resistance, thought to be driven by low-grade maternal inflammation. Nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid, possesses potent glucose-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects in GDM have not been assessed. The present study aimed to determine the effects of nobiletin on glucose metabolism and inflammation associated with GDM in both in vitro human tissues and an in vivo animal model of GDM. In vitro, treatment with nobiletin significantly improved TNF-impaired glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle, and suppressed mRNA expression and protein secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human placenta and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Mechanistically, nobiletin significantly inhibited Akt and Erk activation in placenta, and NF-κB activation in VAT. In vivo, GDM mice treated with 50 mg/kg nobiletin daily via oral gavage from gestational day (gd) 1-17 or via i.p. injections from gd 10-17 significantly improved glucose tolerance. Pregnant GDM mice treated with nobiletin from either gd 1-17 or gd 10-17 exhibited significantly suppressed mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in placenta, VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Using a quantitative mass spectrometry approach, we identified differentially abundant proteins associated with the effect of nobiletin in vivo. Together, these studies demonstrate that nobiletin improves glucose metabolism and reduces inflammation associated with GDM and may be a novel therapeutic for the prevention of GDM.
Ultrasonography of the Peripheral Nerves of the Forearm, Wrist and Hand: Definition of Landmarks, Anatomical Correlation and Clinical Implications
Authors: Gruber Leonhard , Loizides Alexander , Peer Siegfried , Walchhofer Lisa Maria , Spiss Verena , Brenner Erich , Stahl Kathrin , Gruber Hannes 
Published: March 2020

Background Peripheral nerve pathologies of the upper extremity are increasingly assessed by high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS), yet rapid identification of nerve segments can be difficult due to small nerve diameters and complex regional anatomy. We propose a landmark-based approach to speed up and facilitate evaluation and intervention in this region.Method Relevant landmarks and section planes for eleven nerve segments of the forearm, wrist and hand were defined by ultrasonography in cadaver arms before cryosection and topographical neurovascular preparation. Information on all nerve segments and a pictorial guide including anatomical cross-sections, topographical preparations and HRUS images are provided. The identification rates of these nerve segments were then assessed in 20 healthy volunteers.Results and Conclusion Sonographic landmarks and guidelines for the rapid identification and assessment of nerves of the forearm, wrist and hand are presented in pictorial and tabular form, including discussion of normal variants. Utilizing this overview should facilitate training, diagnostic examinations and intervention for nerves of the upper extremity.Key Points: Citation Format
Entwicklung eines Systems zur Risikoanalyse bei der Behandlung mit offenen radioaktiven Stoffen in der Nuklearmedizin
Authors: Kotzerke Jörg , Fetzer Patrick , Grosche-Schlee Sabine , Hanel Andreas , Freudenberg Robert , Brogsitter Claudia 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die neue Strahlenschutz-Gesetzgebung sieht vor, dass eine Risikoanalyse neuer und bestehender Behandlungsverfahren mit offenen Radionukliden hinsichtlich der Patientensicherheit wiederkehrend durchzuführen ist, in welche der Medizinphysik-Experte maßgeblich involviert ist.
Material und Methoden Als Werkzeug für die Durchführung der Risikoanalyse wurde die Fehlermöglichkeits- und Einflussanalyse (FMEA) angewendet, wie vom Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (BfS) und den Fachgesellschaften empfohlen. Für die Radiojodtherapie, die Radiosynoviorthese, die Peptid-Radiorezeptortherapie und die selektive interne Radiotherapie wurden die Prozesse gegliedert und zunächst individuell durch die verschiedenen am Prozess beteiligten Berufsgruppen und anschließend im Konsens kategorisiert. Für Risikoprioritätszahlen > 125 wurden Gegenmaßnahmen erarbeitet. Die Risikoprioritätszahl (RPZ) ergibt sich als Produkt aus dem Schweregrad, der Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit und der Entdeckungswahrscheinlichkeit des Fehlers oder der Folgen.
Ergebnisse Neben den diversen Möglichkeiten der Verwechslung von Patienten wurden Unsicherheiten in der Aktivitäts- und Organgrößenbestimmung und eine mangelnde Compliance des Patienten als wesentliche Risiken für eine Unter- oder Übertherapie angesehen. Die ausgeprägte Streuung bei individueller Risikobetrachtung durch einzelne Berufsgruppen konnte unter Anleitung durch einen externen Moderator deutlich reduziert werden. Für die höchsten RPZ wurden Maßnahmen formuliert, deren präventive Wirkung im Verlauf noch zu überprüfen ist.
Schlussfolgerung Die nuklearmedizinische Therapie wurde in der organisatorischen Durchführung als sehr sicher eingeschätzt und es wurden nur geringe Risiken bzgl. der Patientensicherheit identifiziert. Die FMEA-Analyse war ein praktikables Instrument und identifizierte Prozessschritte mit Optimierungspotenzial für die analysierten Therapieformen. Das geschilderte Vorgehen kann in anderen nuklearmedizinischen Einrichtungen adaptiert werden, wobei strukturspezifische Faktoren (technische und personelle Ausstattung, Ablauf von Prozeduren) zu berücksichtigen sind, sodass ggf. weitere Risiken identifiziert und hier aufgeführte Risiken aufgrund anderer Abläufe als abweichend eingeschätzt werden können.
Die Einführung eines permanenten Erhebungssystems zur Messung der Lebensqualität von HNO-Patienten an der Klinik für Strahlentherapie am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg: Implementierungsbericht
Authors: Sprave Tanja , Nicolay Nils Henrik , Grosu Anca-Ligia , Lindenmeier Jörg , Tscheulin Dieter K. 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Anwendung des standardisierten, allgemein anerkannten EQ-5D-5L Erhebungsinstrumentes in der klinischen Routine ermöglicht eine Erfassung der jeweiligen subjektiven Gesundheitszustände und dadurch die Ermittlung von international vergleichbaren Behandlungseffekten. Des Weiteren kann es im Rahmen des internen Qualitätsmanagements zur Überwachung der Leistung des Instituts als Messinstrument eingesetzt werden. Die Implementierung des permanenten Erhebungssystems mittels validierten EQ-5D-5L Fragebogens zur Messung der Lebensqualität von HNO-Patienten wurde dokumentiert.
Methoden Die subjektive Lebensqualität (QOL) von ambulanten und stationären Patienten wird jeweils vor Behandlungsbeginn, zum Abschluss und zu den jeweiligen Nachsorgeterminen durch Fragebögen manuell erfasst. Die Ergebnisse werden digitalisiert und in einer zentralen Datenbank gespeichert. Die Fragebögen werden eingescannt und finden Eingang in die digitalen Patientenakten.
Ergebnisse Die Therapieüberwachung von HNO-Krebspatienten zur internen Qualitätssicherung mittels des EQ-5D-5L Fragebogens in Papierform wurde im Juli 2019 im Rahmen eines Pilotprojektes gestartet. Die Projektverantwortlichen wurden benannt und Projektziele definiert. Initial erhielt das Personal allgemeine und individuelle Schulungen sowie regelmäßige Erinnerungen. Die prozedurale Implementierungsphase betrug ca. 10 Wochen. Innerhalb von 3 Monaten wurden ca. 200 Bögen eingeholt. Es zeigte sich eine hohe Patienten-Compliance (98 %).
Schlussfolgerungen Eine permanente Verwendung des EQ-5D-5L Fragebogens bei HNO-Krebspatienten zur Qualitätssicherung ist durchführbar. Die Implementierung in die klinische Versorgungsroutine ist nach der entsprechenden Personalschulung realisierbar.
Contemporary Management of Hepatic Trauma: What IRs Need to Know
Authors: Gilyard Shenise , Shinn Kaitlin , Nezami Nariman , Findeiss Laura K. , Dariushnia Sean , Grant April A. , Hawkins C. Matthew , Peters Gail L. , Majdalany Bill S. , Newsome Janice , Bercu Zachary L. , Kokabi Nima 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTrauma remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States in patients younger than 45 years. Blunt trauma is most commonly a result of high-speed motor vehicular collisions or high-level fall. The liver and spleen are the most commonly injured organs, with the liver being the most commonly injured organ in adults and the spleen being the most affected in pediatric blunt trauma. Liver injuries incur a high level of morbidity and mortality mostly secondary to hemorrhage. Over the past 20 years, angiographic intervention has become a mainstay of treatment of hepatic trauma. As there is an increasing need for the interventional radiologists to embolize active hemorrhage in the setting of blunt and penetrating hepatic trauma, this article aims to review the current level of evidence and contemporary management of hepatic trauma from the perspective of interventional radiologists. Embolization techniques and associated outcome and complications are also reviewed.
Penetrating Extremity Trauma Endovascular versus Open Repair?
Authors: Kuwahara Jeffery T. , Kord Ali , Ray Charles E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPenetrating extremity trauma (PET) accounts for an estimated 5–15% of trauma with vascular injury and these injuries are accountable for a significant percentage of trauma-related deaths. Historically, vascular injuries were best treated by open repair. While a defined selection criteria and a comprehensive algorithm have not been validated, the advancement of endovascular techniques, embolotherapy, and stent grafting have become viable options for the treatment of penetrating arterial extremity trauma in select patients. Advantages endovascular repair offers include decreasing mortality and morbidity associated with open repair, decreasing blood loss, decreasing iatrogenic injury such as nerve injury, and lower rate of wound infection. Patients stability, type of vascular injury, and lesion location are main factors help deciding between endovascular and open repair. Patient selection between endovascular and open repair should be determined by on a case-by-case situation, individual hospital guidelines, a multidisciplinary approach, and technical expertise.
Emergent Treatment of Acute Cholangitis and Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Navuluri Rakesh , Hoyer Matthew , Osman Murat , Fergus Jonathan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute pathology of the biliary tract including cholangitis and cholecystitis can lead to biliary sepsis if early decompression is not performed. This article provides an overview of the presenting signs and symptoms and role of interventional radiology in the management of patients with acute cholangitis or acute cholecystitis. It is especially important to understand the role of IR in the context of other treatment options including medical management, endoscopy, and surgery.
Prognostic Factors and Nomogram Predicting Survival in Diffuse Astrocytoma
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Ratanalert Sanguansin , Sae-heng Sakchai , Oearsakul Thakul , Sakaruncchai Ittichai , Kaewborisutsakul Anukoon , Chotsampancharoen Thirachit , Intusoma Utcharee , Kitkhuandee Amnat , Vaniyapong Tanat 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background Prognosis of low-grade glioma are currently determined by genetic markers that are limited in some countries. This study aimed to use clinical parameters to develop a nomogram to predict survival of patients with diffuse astrocytoma (DA) which is the most common type of low-grade glioma.

Materials and Methods Retrospective data of adult patients with DA from three university hospitals in Thailand were analyzed. Collected data included clinical characteristics, neuroimaging findings, treatment, and outcomes. Cox’s regression analyses were performed to determine associated factors. Significant associated factors from the Cox regression model were subsequently used to develop a nomogram for survival prediction. Performance of the nomogram was then tested for its accuracy.

Results There were 64 patients with DA with a median age of 39.5 (interquartile range [IQR] = 20.2) years. Mean follow-up time of patients was 42 months (standard deviation [SD] = 34.3). After adjusted for three significant factors associated with survival were age ≥60 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 5.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.09–15.91), motor response score of Glasgow coma scale < 6 (HR = 75.5; 95% CI: 4.15–1,369.4), and biopsy (HR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.21–0.92). To predict 1-year mortality, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and area under the curve our nomogram was 1.0, 0.50, 0.45, 1.0, 0.64, and 0.75, respectively.

Conclusions This study provided a nomogram predicting prognosis of DA. The nomogram showed an acceptable performance for predicting 1-year mortality.
Recommendations of the Colombian Consensus Committee for the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Prehospital, Emergency Department, Surgery, and Intensive Care (Beyond One Option for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Stratified Protocol [BOOTStraP])
Authors: Rubiano Andres M. , Vera David S. , Montenegro Jorge H. , Carney Nancy , Clavijo Angelica , Carreño Jose N. , Gutierrez Oscar , Mejia Jorge , Ciro Juan D. , Barrios Ninel D. , Soto Alvaro R. , Tejada Paola A. , Zerpa Maria C. , Gomez Alejandro , Navarrete Norberto , Echeverry Oscar , Umaña Mauricio , Restrepo Claudia M. , Castillo Jose L. , Sanabria Oscar A. , Bravo Maria P. , Gomez Claudia M. , Godoy Daniel A. , Orjuela German D. , Arias Augusto A. , Echeverri Raul A. , Paranos Jorge 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global public health problem. In Colombia, it is estimated that 70% of deaths from violence and 90% of deaths from road traffic accidents are TBI related. In the year 2014, the Ministry of Health of Colombia funded the development of a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with severe TBI. A critical barrier to the widespread implementation was identified—that is, the lack of a specific protocol that spans various levels of resources and complexity across the four treatment phases. The objective of this article is to present the process and recommendations for the management of patients with TBI in various resource environments, across the treatment phases of prehospital care, emergency department (ED), surgery, and intensive care unit.
Methods Using the Delphi methodology, a consensus of 20 experts in emergency medicine, neurosurgery, prehospital care, and intensive care nationwide developed recommendations based on 13 questions for the management of patients with TBI in Colombia.
Discussion It is estimated that 80% of the global population live in developing economies where access to resources required for optimum treatment is limited. There is limitation for applications of CPGs recommendations in areas where there is low availability or absence of resources for integral care. Development of mixed methods consensus, including evidence review and expertise points of good clinical practices can fill gaps in application of CPGs. BOOTStraP (Beyond One Option for Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Stratified Protocol) is intended to be a practical handbook for care providers to use to treat TBI patients with whatever resources are available.
Results Stratification of recommendations for interventions according to the availability of the resources on different stages of integral care is a proposed method for filling gaps in actual evidence, to organize a better strategy for interventions in different real-life scenarios. We develop 10 algorithms of management for building TBI protocols based on expert consensus to articulate treatment options in prehospital care, EDs, neurological surgery, and intensive care, independent of the level of availability of resources for care.
Scientific research and languages in Portuguese Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Pinto Susana , Araújo e Sá Maria Helena 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on a study that looked at Portuguese public universities setting out to identify and discuss
institutional stakeholders’ social representations concerning the use of languages in scientific research and the development of
institutional language policies within this area of higher education activity. In order to do so, institutional stakeholders
responsible for research activities at six Portuguese public universities completed a questionnaire and participated in in-depth
interviews. The findings indicate there are common tendencies regarding the identified social representations that point, mainly,
to a tension between, on one hand, the existence of reported practices that centre on “English-mainly” research language policies,
reflecting the current monolingual scenario of global science and, on the other hand, the need for a more plurilingual science and
the privileging of Portuguese as a science language.