bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental anomalies in orthodontic patients with and without skeletal discrepancies
Authors: Christina Avelar Fernandez Clarissa , Gentil Mattos Mônica , Vasconcellos Cruz Alves Pereira Christiane , Costa Marcelo de Castro 
Published: April 2020

Objective:To determine whether individuals withskeletal discrepancies of Class II or IIIdisplay a higher frequency of dental anomalies in comparison with individuals with Class I malocclusion. Design:A systematic search of the main electronic medical scientific literaturedatabases was conducted. Observational studies were selected if mentioning dental anomalies in the different skeletal malocclusion patterns.Results:A total of 4,768 studies were found and the duplicated studies (1,279) were removed, resulting in 3,489 papers to be analyzed. After screening by title, 138 were fit for screening by abstract. After that, a total of 13 papers were carefully read in full. Five studies included dental anomaly frequencies in orthodontic patients and included 7,679 participants. The frequency of dental anomalies ranged from 11.2% to 40.3%.It was observed that individuals with skeletal discrepancies of Class II and III had more dental anomalies when compared to individuals with Class I.Conclusion:Individuals with skeletal malocclusion patternshave more dental anomalies and there is an association between dental anomalies and skeletal Class II or Class III malocclusion patterns.
Assessing the impact of nursing training on patient safety in neonatal intensive care unit at maternity and children's hospital in the K.S.A.
Authors: Alreshidi Nashi Masnad , Garcia Michelle , Al Aseeri Rana Mohammad , Al Reshedi Talal Majed 
Published: April 2020

Background and objective: Nursing training programs with thorough planning and implementation, staff knowledge, skills and attitude is enhanced thereby contributing to an improved performance, teamwork and commitment towards achieving organizational goals and objectives. This is a descriptive report of a previously conducted intervention at the hospital. This study seeks to understand the level of staff perception, on the effectiveness of the training/courses implemented or conducted and its impact on staff performance, morale and attitude.Methods: The sample of this study was collected by cluster sampling method which includes 88 NICU staff nurse in Maternity and Children's Hospital of 38 bed capacity. This is a descriptive report of a previously conducted intervention at the hospital. A 5-point likert scale was self-report evaluation tool to assess training effectiveness of the implemented courses and or training and mean score is computed and interpreted. Contents of the questionnaire from the federal authority for government human resources is subjected for content validation.Results: A total of 88 NICU staff nurses, ages ranged between 26-31, majority hold the bachelor degree 77 (87.5%), with an average clinical experience between 1-4 years. According to the 15 enlisted courses/trainings implemented in NICU, the highest rate of attendance is Neonatal Resuscitation Program 60 (68.2%) next is S.T.A.B.L.E. Program 74 (84.1%) and third N.I.D.C.A.P. 48 (54.5%). And base on the self-reported evaluation on the level of agreement of the 6 item question scored by 5-point likert scale the result has a mean score of 4 = agree. Majority of the respondents, 71 (80.9%) had the chance to make use of the skills learnt while 17 (19%) had no chance due to feeling busy most of the time 8 (10%).Conclusions and implication: It is concluded that to ensure patient safety, proper education and correct implementation of training and evaluation results into a positive outcome. A positive outcome on job performance, staff morale and teamwork toward the achievement of organizational goals and objectives.
Agentes e inteligencia en la frontera de la Luisiana a finales del siglo XVIII: la presión de los Estados Unidos
Authors: Picazo Muntaner Antoni 
Published: April 2020

A lo largo del siglo XVII y XVIII los conflictos y los choques entre distintas potencias en los territorios de frontera de América no dejaron de crecer. Y cada uno de los participantes en esa carrera colonial buscó aliados nativos para utilizarlos como unidades militares de apoyo. Pero las distintas naciones europeas también necesitaron información para sus posibles actuaciones, y desinformación para sus rivales. Entre los ejemplos más evidentes de esa dinámica se halla el extenso territorio de Luisiana.
Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, conflicts and clashes between different powers in the border territories of America did not stop growing. And each of the participants in that colonial race sought native allies to use them as military support units. But the different European nations also needed information for their possible actions, and misinformation for their rivals. Among the most obvious examples of this dynamic is the vast territory of Louisiana.
Una historia de corrupción y desfalco: el rescate del bergantín Nuestra Señora del Carmen y San José en las costas de Tabasco (1705-1706)
Authors: Moreno Amador Carlos 
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo centra su atención en el naufragio del bergantín Nuestra Señora del Carmen y San José a finales de 1705 y en las irregulares actuaciones llevadas a cabo desde la alcaldía mayor tabasqueña en la gestión del cargamento recuperado tras su hundimiento. El barco, que se dirigía desde el puerto de San Cristóbal de La Habana hasta Veracruz, zozobró en costas tabasqueñas, concretamente en un lugar llamado Quebrada Grande, entre la barra de Tabasco y la de Chiltepec, después de haberse desviado al puerto de San Francisco de Campeche para arreglar los graves desperfectos que había sufrido debido a las malas condiciones climatológicas. La controvertida actuación del alcalde mayor y sus subalternos en el rescate de los géneros que transportaba la embarcación y el posterior desvío fraudulento de parte de esa mercancía con fines lucrativos privados provocó las quejas de una buena parte de la población tabasqueña. En el juicio de residencia del alcalde mayor, Alonso Felipe Andrade, se llevó a cabo una minuciosa investigación por la gestión de dicho rescate, aspecto que analizaremos con detenimiento en el artículo.
This article focuses on the shipwreck of the brigantine Nuestra Señora del Carmen and San José at the end of 1705 and the irregular actions carried out by the governor of Tabasco in the management of the cargo recovered after the sinking. The ship, which was heading from the port of San Cristóbal de La Habana to the port of Veracruz, sank on Tabasco´s coast, in a place called Quebrada Grande, after having diverted to the port of San Francisco de Campeche to repair the serious damage that it had suffered due to bad weather conditions. The controversial action of the governor and his subordinates in the rescue of the cargo carried by the brigantine and the subsequent fraudulent deviation of part of that merchandise for private lucrative purposes provoked the complaints of a part of the Tabasco population. In the residence of the mayor, Alonso Felipe Andrade, a thorough investigation was carried out for the management of said rescue, an aspect that we will analyze carefully in the following article.
DOSSIER “CONTANDO HISTORIAS: LA MEMORIA DE LO COTIDIANO”. Introducción
Authors: Moreno Amador Carlos , Wang Romero Alejandro 
Published: April 2020

DOSSIER “EL ÁRTICO AMERICANO: UN ACERCAMIENTO MULTIDISCIPLINAR”. Introducción.
DOSSIER “TELLING STORIES: THE MEMORY OF DAILY”. Introduction.
ABUNDÂNCIA E RARIDADE DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM UMA FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA ABERTA COM BAMBU NO ESTADO DO ACRE, BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro Renan Da Cunha , Miranda Izildinha De Souza 
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho visou determinar a abundância e raridade de espécies arbóreas de uma Floresta Ombrófila Aberta com Bambu, localizada na Floresta Nacional do Macauã (FLONA), no estado do Acre, utilizando três métodos de análise sobre dados de 15 hectares, inventariados em dois estratos florestais, constituídos por indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito maior que 30 (Estrato 1, árvores) e indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito entre 10 e 30 (Estrato 2, arvoretas). A abundância e raridade, nos dois estratos foram determinadas por três métodos de análises (Hubbell, Martins e Kageyama), O método de Kageyama acusou maior quantidade de espécies raras em comparação ao método de Hubbell e Martins, nos dois estratos. As percentagens de espécies comuns determinadas pelo método de Hubbell, único aplicado para analisar essas espécies, foi similar entre os estratos. As porcentagens médias de espécies comuns encontradas pelo método de Hubbell variou muito em relação a outras áreas da Amazônia; para espécies raras o método de Martins mostrou uma porcentagem de espécies menor do que o de Hubbell, enquanto o método de Kageyama apresentou a maior porcentagem.
Blood Lipids and Its Atherogenic Indices in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Rats
Authors: Chikezie O. D. , Meludu S. C. , Ogbu I. S. I. , Egejuru B. N. , Ude T. , Ekuma-Ogbonnia O. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which result to excessive accumulation of blood sugar over a prolonged period. Due to higher risk of diabetes mellitus to cardiovascular disease, it is crucial to identify and address these cardiovascular risks. This study assessed the effects of diabetes on levels of some blood lipids and its atherogenic indices in diabetic male rats.
Methods: This is an experimental study that involved 40 apparently healthy adult male albino rats (wistar strain) which were randomly assigned to five groups (A, B, C, D and E) of eight (8) animals each. Group A (Normal Control of No intervention for 72 hours), Group B (Diabetic rats of 72 hours post diabetes induction), Group C (metformin treated diabetic rats), Group D (Diabetic Control untreated) and Group E (Normal Control of 3 weeks post diabetes induction). Seven milliliters of fasting blood sample were collected from all the subjects. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) were determined using standard methods. Atherogenic indices, non HDL cholesterol (Non HDL-c), cardio risk ratio (CRR), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC) and atherosclerosis index (AI) were calculated. It was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 23.0.
Results: The mean values of HDL-c was significantly higher in the treated diabetic group when compared with untreated diabetic control (P<0.05) while TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Non HDL-c, CRR, AIP, AC and AI were significantly lower in treated diabetics when compared to the untreated diabetic control (P<0.05). Also, blood mean levels of HDL-c were significantly lower in the diabetic groups (treated and untreated) when compared with non diabetic control (P<0.05) while TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Non HDL-c, CRR, AIP, AC and AI were significantly higher in the diabetic groups (treated and untreated) when compared with non diabetic control (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The study suggests that atherogenic indices can serve as predictive pointer for future cardiovascular event especially, when LDLc value is normal. Also hyperglycemia could cause significant alterations of lipids, but metformin treatment has showed not only hypoglycemic effect, but also anti-hyperlipidemic properties.
The Impact of Egbu Abattoir Wastes on Fungal Concentrates of the Soil Environment
Authors: Nwachukwu M. I. , Ike C. C. , Nwachukwu I. O. 
Published: April 2020

The impact of Egbu abattoir wastes on fungal concentrates of the soil environment was undertaken. Samples of contaminated soil from the abattoir environment were taken against control and evaluated for fungal concentrates using standard methods. Results obtained showed that total fungal count (TFC) ranged from 3.5×105 cfu/g to 4.50×105 cfu/g and total hydrocarbon utilizing fungi (THUF) ranged from 1.8×105 cfu/g to 3.80×105 cfu/g. The percentage occurrence for mould isolates indicated the presence of Absidia sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. while yeast isolates were Candida sp., Rhodotorula sp., Saccharomyces sp., and Torulopsis sp., for both seasons. Though most of these organisms were indigenous to the soil some invading species were also isolated and were higher in contaminated soil than control soil. Egbu abattoir waste could be behind these observations. The study has revealed the impact of Egbu abattoir wastes on fungal concentrates of the soil environment.
Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections in the Vasculopathic Patient: Review of Literature
Authors: Tsang Chi Lap Nicholas , Cao Jerry , Gunanayagam Prashanth , Feitosa Rui , Bullen Andrew 
Published: April 2020

Background:Necrotizing soft tissue infection is a surgical emergency associated with high mortality. Its presence in patients with risk factors for peripheral arterial disease such as diabetes mellitus is consistently associated with significantly poorer outcomes. Though it has been over a century since it was initially described in the literature, mortality rates remain high and treatment regimens are not standardized.Materials and methods:PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for articles pertaining to necrotizing soft tissue infections. Articles were screened for relevance with the intent to compare outcomes in prospective studies of patients with diabetes mellitus or peripheral arterial disease. Patient demographics, clinical findings, mortality, rates of amputation, and morbidity were intended to be compared.Results:857 articles were identified, 165 duplicates were removed, and 6 prospective trials were identified for inclusion. Due to significant paucity of data, patient heterogeneity, and lack of standardization for surgical management, a descriptive review of the literature in relation to necrotizing soft tissue infections was pursued, with a focus on high-risk patients with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes mellitus.Conclusions:Early aggressive surgical intervention or major amputation may reduce mortality at the cost of increased disability and poorer quality of life in the long term, and may be appropriate in vasculopaths with poorly controlled diabetes and rapidly progressive fulminant infection. However, there is a deficiency in high-level evidence supporting surgical decision-making in this setting, with no standardized protocols for amputation. Future research will be needed to clarify the patient population who would benefit from radical amputation versus intention for limb salvage.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Mesh Repair for Inguinal Hernia During a Humanitarian Surgical Mission in Rural Nigeria
Authors: Oehme Florian , Beeres Frank J. P. , Fourie Lana , Okwudili Eze Tobias , Nussbaumer Peter 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Humanitarian short-term surgery missions remain under debate, even though the proportion of the burden of surgical diseases around the world that could be treated based on surgery is constantly rising. The primary objective of this study was to prove the cost-effectiveness (CE) of a hernia repair–teaching mission in the rural setting of Nigeria.

Methods:
We present a CE analysis (CEA) of a 2-week surgery mission performing inguinal hernias with mesh repair according to the Lichtenstein maneuver. All data were collected prospectively. The contribution to the local health system was measured based on the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Further on, the CEA was analyzed and separated for surgeons from Nigeria and Europe, respectively.

Results:
During this mission a total of 107 patients with 123 hernias were treated. An average of 6,61 DALYs per patient were averted. The total costs for the mission team amounted to $8485.26, with a total of $19,210.73 from a societal perspective. Single-procedure costs amounted to $198.87 per patient, with $39.35 per procedure from a patient perspective. The CEA showed $31.04/DALY averted from a societal perspective, $13.71/DALY averted from a provider perspective, and $6.81/DALY averted from a patient perspective. This was well below the threshold of $2790 (gross domestic product per capita). Sensitivity analysis showed robust results.

Conclusion:
With these results we proved CE and remained about 90 times below the threshold of the gross domestic product per capita.
Association between fluid overload and delirium/coma in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Ouchi Akira , Sakuramoto Hideaki , Hoshino Haruhiko , Matsuishi Yujiro , Sakaguchi Tatsuya , Enomoto Yuki , Hoshino Tetsuya , Shimojo Nobutake , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2020

AimSeveral studies have shown an association between fluid overload (FO) and mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. However, the association between FO and delirium duration remains unclear.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study was undertaken at University of Tsukuba Hospital (Tsukuba, Japan) from April 2015 to March 2017. Mechanically ventilated patients who stayed in the intensive care unit for more than 7 days were eligible for inclusion. Univariate analysis was carried out with the Mann–Whitney U‐test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. A multivariate proportional odds logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between FO and delirium/coma days (DCDs) during the 7‐day study period.ResultsA total of 118 patients were included and divided into FO and non‐FO groups. Fluid overload occurred in 40% of patients. The FO group had a higher APACHE II score than the non‐FO group (19 [16–26] versus 23 [20–29], P = 0.017). Cumulative fluid balance at day 3 was higher in the FO group (3,238 [281–6,530] versus 7,886 [4,106–10,631], P < 0.001). Delirium days within 7 days was longer in the FO group (1 [0–3] versus 2 [1–3], P = 0.048) and DCDs was longer in the FO group (4 [1–5] versus 6 [3–7], P = 0.002). After adjusting for covariates, there were significant associations between FO and DCDs (odds ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–4.47).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that FO is associated with increased DCDs in mechanically ventilated patients.
Understanding how engagement in a self‐managed shelter contributes to empowerment
Authors: Huber Max A. , Brown Louis D. , Metze Rosalie N. , Stam Martin , Van Regenmortel Tine , Abma Tineke N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractParticipant empowerment is a foundational goal of self‐organised homeless care. We aim to understand how a self‐organised setting contributes to participants' empowerment. The data we analysed (56 interviews, both open and semi‐structured) were generated in a longitudinal participatory case study into Je Eigen Stek (Your own place, JES), a low‐cost shelter for people experiencing homelessness in the Netherlands. JES participants experienced the freedom of choice and influence on their living environment. JES' fluid structure allowed participants to adapt the program to their desires and needs, though participants were sometimes negative about having to live together. Most participants preferred JES over regular shelters. Unlike empowerment literature, participants mostly emphasised freedom of choice over capacity development. JES offered opportunities for social and organisational engagement, through which participants developed roles, skills and self‐image. However, a limited number of participants developed leadership roles through self‐management. Literature suggests setting aspects to be either enabling or entrapping. We found some aspects (e.g., size, freedom of choice) could be entrapping or enabling, depending on personal factors. Our analysis revealed individual freedom of choice, balancing freedom of choice with support, offering opportunities for engagement and maintaining fluidity in program management as core aspects of how JES contributed to participants' empowerment.
Could We Really Be Made of Swiss Cheese? Xenobiology as an Engineering Epistemology for Biological Realization
Authors: Koskinen Rami 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBesides having potential medical and biosafety applications, as well as challenging the foundations of biological engineering, xenobiology can also shed light on the epistemological and metaphysical questions that puzzle philosophers of science. This paper reviews this philosophical aspect of xenobiology, focusing on the possible multiple realizability of life. According to this hypothesis, what ultimately matters in understanding life is its function, not its particular building blocks. This is because there should, in theory, be many different ways to build the same function. The possibility of multiple realizability was originally raised in the context of AI's hypothesized capacity to realize mental functions. Because we still do not have any incontrovertible examples of digital minds, not to mention alien life of foreign biochemistry, the best way to test this philosophical idea is to examine the recent results and practices of synthetic biology and xenobiology.
Ribosomal Target‐Binding Sites of Antimicrobial Peptides Api137 and Onc112 Are Conserved among Pathogens Indicating New Lead Structures To Develop Novel Broad‐Spectrum Antibiotics
Authors: Kolano Lisa , Knappe Daniel , Volke Daniela , Sträter Norbert , Hoffmann Ralf 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProline‐rich antimicrobial peptides expressed in insects are primarily active against Enterobacteriaceae. Mechanistically, they target the bacterial (70S) ribosome after partially transporter‐based cellular uptake, as revealed for Api137 and Onc112 on Escherichia coli. Following molecular modeling indicating that the Onc112 contact site is conserved among the ribosomes of high‐priority pathogens, the ribosome binding of Api137 and Onc112 was studied. The dissociation constants (Kd) of Onc112 were ∼75 nmol/L for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, 36 nmol/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 102 nmol/L for Staphylococcus aureus, thus indicating a very promising lead structure for developing broad‐spectrum antibiotics. Api137 bound weaker with Kd values ranging from 155 nmol/L to 13 μmol/L. For most bacteria, the antibacterial activities were lower than predicted from the Kd values, which was only partially explained by their ability to enter bacterial cells. Other factors limiting the activity expected from the ribosome binding might be off‐target binding.