bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoinflammatory response and bioactive potential of GuttaFlow bioseal and MTA Fillapex in the rat subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Delfino Mateus Machado , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria , Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Sasso-Cerri Estela , Cerri Paulo Sérgio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of GuttaFlow bioseal (GFB) and MTA Fillapex (MTAF) in comparison with Endofill (EF) in the subcutaneous tissue. Polyethylene tubes with GFB, MTAF, EF or empty tubes (control group; CG) were implanted into subcutaneous of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the capsule thickness, inflammatory reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caspase-3, TUNEL-positive cells, von Kossa and ultrastructural features were evaluated. The data were statistically analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). At all periods, the number of IL-6- and VEGF-immunolabelled cells, and capsule thickness were lower in GFB than MTAF, which was lower than EF (p < 0.0001). At 60 days, the number of inflammatory cells was similar in GFB and MTAF (p = 0.58). Significant differences in the number of TUNEL- and caspase-3-positive cells were not observed among GFB, MTAF and CG whereas the highest values were found in EF specimens. The EF specimens exhibited several cells with condensed chromatin, typical of apoptosis. von Kossa-positive and birefringent structures were only observed in GFB and MTAF, suggesting the presence of calcite crystals. Taken together, these results show that cellular and structural damage induced by GFB and MTAF sealers were recovery over time. Moreover, these sealers express bioactive potential in subcutaneous tissue.
Familiarity with humans affect dogs’ tendencies to follow human majority groups
Authors: Nagasawa Miho , Mogi Kazutaka , Ohtsuki Hisashi , Kikusui Takefumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, copying others’ behaviour has attracted attention among researchers. It aids individuals in reducing uncertainty about the knowledge of the environment and helps them in acquiring an adaptive behaviour at a lower cost than by learning it by themselves. Among the copying strategies, conformity, which is the copying of behavioural decisions presented by the majority, has been well studied and reported in many animals, including humans. The previous study showed that dogs did not conform to their multiple conspecific individuals; however, dogs have evolved to increase their adaptability while living with humans, and it is plausible that dogs have selected appropriate behaviour according to the behaviour of humans. Therefore, we investigated which factors influenced the choice of dogs in a situation where they have to choose one of two numerically unbalanced human groups. The results showed that the dogs followed the human majority group under certain conditions, depending on the familiarity with the human demonstrators. These results are important in considering the significance of groups for dogs and the factors of group formation, and will also provide a clue as to how dogs have penetrated into human society.
Methamphetamine Use Associated with Non-adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Lai Hsin-Hao , Kuo Yen-Chun , Kuo Chian-Jue , Lai Yun-Ju , Chen Marcelo , Chen Yi-Tui , Chen Chu-Chieh , Yen Muh-Yong , Hu Bor-Shen , Wang Teng-Ho , Wang Chien Chun , Kuo Li-Lan , Yen Tsen-Fang , Chuang Pei-Hung , Yen Yung-Feng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMethamphetamine is a prevalent recreational drug among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV and could cause the cognitive impairment and memory loss. However, studies on the association between methamphetamine use and adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) are limited and had inconsistent findings. This study aimed to determine the impact of methamphetamine use on adherence to ART among MSM living with HIV. From December 2018 to October 2019, MSM living with HIV were recruited (N = 351) and non-adherence to ART was defined as a Medication Adherence Report Scale score of <23. Overall, 16.0% of the participants reported methamphetamine use in the prior three months and 13.4% of the participants had non-adherence to ART. The proportion of non-adherence to ART among HIV-positive MSM were 28.6% and 10.5% with and without methamphetamine use, respectively. After controlling for demographics, illicit drug use, and co-morbidities, methamphetamine use during the prior three months was associated with a higher risk of non-adherence to ART (adjusted odds ratio = 3.08; 95% confidence intervals: 1.24–7.69). Compared with HIV-positive MSM with non-adherence to ART, HIV-positive MSM with good adherence to ART had a higher CD4 counts and were more likely to achieve an undetectable viral load. Since poor adherence to ART is associated with an increased HIV viral load and the risk of HIV transmission to others, our study suggests that it is imperative to screen HIV-positive patients for methamphetamine use and to provide effective therapy to reduce methamphetamine use and the associated non-adherence to ART.
Pressure-Assisted Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Oyelade O. V. , Oyewole O. K. , Oyewole D. O. , Adeniji S. A. , Ichwani R. , Sanni D. M. , Soboyejo W. O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a combined experimental and analytical/computational study of the effects of pressure on photoconversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). First, an analytical model is used to predict the effects of pressure on interfacial contact in the multilayered structures of PSCs. The PSCs are then fabricated before applying a range of pressures to the devices to improve their interfacial surface contacts. The results show that the photoconversion efficiencies of PSCs increase by ~40%, for applied pressures between 0 and ~7 MPa. However, the photoconversion efficiencies decrease with increasing pressure beyond ~7 MPa. The implications of the results are discussed for the fabrication of efficient PSCs.
Nucleic acid recognition and antiviral activity of 1,4-substituted terphenyl compounds mimicking all faces of the HIV-1 Rev protein positively-charged α-helix
Authors: Medina-Trillo Cristina , Sedgwick Daniel M. , Herrera Lidia , Beltrán Manuela , Moreno Ángela , Barrio Pablo , Bedoya Luis. M. , Alcamí José , Fustero Santos , Gallego José 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSmall synthetic molecules mimicking the three-dimensional structure of α-helices may find applications as inhibitors of therapeutically relevant protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. However, the design and use of multi-facial helix mimetics remains in its infancy. Here we describe the synthesis and application of novel bilaterally substitutedp-terphenyl compounds containing positively-charged aminoalkyl groups in relative 1,4 positions across the aromatic scaffold. These compounds were specifically designed to mimic all faces of the arginine-rich α-helix of the HIV-1 protein Rev, which forms deeply embedded RNA complexes and plays key roles in the virus replication cycle. Two of these molecules recognized the Rev site in the viral RNA and inhibited the formation of the RRE-Rev ribonucleoprotein complex, a currently unexploited target in HIV chemotherapy. Cellular assays revealed that the most active compounds blocked HIV-1 replication with little toxicity, and likely exerted this effect through a multi-target mechanism involving inhibition of viral LTR promoter-dependent transcription and Rev function. Further development of this scaffold may open new avenues for targeting nucleic acids and may complement current HIV therapies, none of which involve inhibitors interfering with the gene regulation processes of the virus.
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of combinations of colistin and different endolysins against clinical strains of multi-drug resistant pathogens
Authors: Blasco Lucia , Ambroa Anton , Trastoy Rocio , Bleriot Ines , Moscoso Miriam , Fernández-Garcia Laura , Perez-Nadales Elena , Fernández-Cuenca Felipe , Torre-Cisneros Julian , Oteo-Iglesias Jesus , Oliver Antonio , Canton Rafael , Kidd Tim , Navarro Ferran , Miró Elisenda , Pascual Alvaro , Bou German , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Tomas Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria is jeopardizing the value of antimicrobials, which had previously changed the course of medical science. In this study, we identified endolysins ElyA1 and ElyA2 (GH108-PG3 family), present in the genome of bacteriophages Ab1051Φ and Ab1052Φ, respectively. The muralytic activity of these endolysins against MDR clinical isolates (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was tested using the turbidity reduction assay. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of endolysin, colistin and a combination of endolysin and colistin were determined, and the antimicrobial activity of each treatment was confirmed by time kill curves. Endolysin ElyA1 displayed activity against all 25 strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa tested and against 13 out of 17 strains of K. pneumoniae. Endolysin ElyA2 did not display any such activity. The combined antimicrobial activity of colistin and ElyA1 yielded a reduction in the colistin MIC for all strains studied, except K. pneumoniae. These results were confirmed in vivo in G. mellonella survival assays and in murine skin and lung infection models. In conclusion, combining colistin (1/4 MIC) with the new endolysin ElyA1 (350 µg) enhanced the bactericidal activity of colistin in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This will potentially enable reduction of the dose of colistin used in clinical practice.
Plastic frontal pole cortex structure related to individual persistence for goal achievement
Authors: Hosoda Chihiro , Tsujimoto Satoshi , Tatekawa Masaru , Honda Manabu , Osu Rieko , Hanakawa Takashi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPersistent goal-directed behaviours result in achievements in many fields. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of persistence and the methods that enhance the neuroplasticity underlying persistence, remain unclear. We here demonstrate that the structural properties of the frontal pole cortex (FPC) before tasks contain information that can classify Achievers and Non-achievers (goal-directed persistence) participating in three tasks that differ in time scale (hours to months) and task domains (cognitive, language, and motor learning). We also found that most Achievers exhibit experience-dependent neuroplastic changes in the FPC after completing language and motor learning tasks. Moreover, we confirmed that a coaching strategy that used subgoals modified goal-directed persistence and increased the likelihood of becoming an Achiever. Notably, we discovered that neuroplastic changes in the FPC were facilitated by the subgoal strategy, suggesting that goal-striving, using effective coaching, optimizes the FPC for goal persistence.
Talker Processing in Mandarin-Speaking Congenital Amusics
Authors: Shao Jing , Wang Lan , Zhang Caicai 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The ability to recognize individuals from their vocalizations is an important trait of human beings. In the current study, we aimed to examine how congenital amusia, an inborn pitch-processing disorder, affects discrimination and identification of talkers' voices.

Method
Twenty Mandarin-speaking amusics and 20 controls were tested on talker discrimination and identification in four types of contexts that varied in the degree of language familiarity: Mandarin real words, Mandarin pseudowords, Arabic words, and reversed Mandarin speech.

Results
The language familiarity effect was more evident in the talker identification task than the discrimination task for both participant groups, and talker identification accuracy decreased as native phonological representations were removed from the stimuli. Importantly, amusics demonstrated degraded performance in both native speech conditions that contained phonological/linguistic information to facilitate talker identification and nonnative conditions where talker voice processing primarily relied on phonetics cues, including pitch. Moreover, the performance in talker processing can be predicted by the participants' musical ability and phonological memory capacity.

Conclusions
The results provided a first set of behavioral evidence that individuals with amusia are impaired in the ability of human voice identification. Meanwhile, it is found that amusia is not only a pitch disorder but is likely to affect the phonological processing of speech, in terms of using phonological information in native speech to analyze a talker's identity. The above findings expanded the understanding of the nature and scope of congenital amusia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12170379
À l’écoute de la Musique, tout est dans la posture
Authors: Bertoux Annie , Bertoux Jacques 
Published: April 2020

Dans cet entretien à deux voix, Annie et Jacques Bertoux, musiciens, partent du silence pour arriver au silence… Mais entre les deux, que de vibrations !
Ils ont vécu la Musique ensemble et chacun de leur côté, sans faire intrusion dans l’espace intime de l’autre, mais en partage. Cependant ils se rejoignent sur bien des points : entendre et écouter, les rythmes de l’enfant, la posture d’émission et d’audition, le respect de la composition, de l’interprétation et de l’auditoire, l’écoute de l’autre, les bienfaits de la musique, de sa perception et surtout de sa pratique.
Cette émotion partagée à travers les sons, les temps, les mots et engendrée par cet échange mutuel, ils ont désiré que chacun en soit le bénéficiaire, un don, dans tous les sens du terme.
Gastrointestinale Wirkungen von Kümmelöl, Carvi aetheroleum
Authors: Wegener Tankred 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas ätherische Kümmelöl aus Carum carvi L., Carvi aetheroleum, bestehend überwiegend aus den Terpenen (S)-(+)-Carvon und (R)-(+)-Limonen, wird bei Verdauungsbeschwerden, einhergehend mit Blähungen und Flatulenz, oder sogar bei flatulenzbedingten Koliken angewandt. Überwiegend aktuelle experimentelle Daten geben Hinweise oder bekräftigen die bereits früher postulierten Wirkungen. Zu nennen sind vor allem karminative (entblähende) Wirkungen im Gastrointestinum durch spasmolytische bzw. entkrampfende Eigenschaften, eine mögliche Hemmung der intestinalen Gärungsprozesse durch antimikrobielle (auf pathogene Keime beschränkt) Wirkungen, eine Volumenreduktion durch Hemmung der Schaumbildung von Magen- und Darmsaft und damit eine mögliche Reduktion blähungsbedingter Schmerzen sowie direkte antinozizeptive Eigenschaften. Ergebnisse aus klinischen Untersuchungen und Studien können die Wirkungen z. T. für das Kümmelöl alleine, besser für eine langjährig bewährte Kombination zusammen mit Pfefferminzöl, z. B. in der Anwendung bei typischen Symptomen funktioneller Verdauungsstörungen bestätigen.
Die Rolle der diabetischen Neuropathie bei der Genese des
Charcot-Fußes
Authors: Dohrn Maike F. , Kessler Sigurd , Dafotakis Manuel 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDie neuropathische Osteo(arthro-)pathie, auch Charcot-Fuß genannt, ist
eine progressive, nicht-infektiöse Schwellung mit
Überwärmung und Demineralisierung, gefolgt von
Knochendestruktion und Deformierung, die in ca. 75% unilateral auftritt
und in einer Defektheilung zum Stillstand kommt. Resultierende Fehlstellungen
können zu neuropathischen Ulzera führen, die sich infizieren und
Amputationen erforderlich machen können. Die häufigste, aber
nicht einzige Ursache ist der Diabetes mellitus. Etwa 2% aller
Diabetiker entwickeln einen Charcot-Fuß. Der pathophysiologische
„Charcot-Prozess“ ist komplex, scheint aber untrennbar mit der
vorausgehenden Neuropathie verbunden zu sein. Die C- und Aδ- Fasern sind
im Rahmen der diabetischen Neuropathie früh und häufig
geschädigt, was ein Ungleichgewicht an CGRP, VIP, Substanz P und
weiteren Transmittern erklärt. Störungen der Knocheninnervation
verschieben das Verhältnis von Knochenan- und -abbau, von OPG und RANKL
zugunsten des Abbaus. Demnach stellt die Fehlregulation nozizeptiver
Nervenfasern auf molekularer Ebene eine pathophysiologische Brücke
zwischen Diabetes mellitus und neurogener Inflammation dar.
So etwas haben wir noch nie erlebt!
Authors: de Zwaan Martina , Herpertz Stephan 
Published: April 2020

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,Nun sind wir seit mehr als einem Monat mit einer Pandemie konfrontiert und
wahrscheinlich hat niemand von uns so etwas schon einmal in seinem Leben erlebt. Der
ein oder andere von uns muss schon sehr weit in seinem Leben zurückschauen,
wo er den Hauch einer universellen Bedrohung mitbekam, 1960 die Kuba-Krise. Die
Eltern und Geschwister versammelten sich sorgenvoll im Wohnzimmer vor dem
Radiogerät, Nachbarn kamen in die Wohnung, um mit den Eltern die Nachrichten
zu verfolgen und die Kinder benötigten keinerlei ernsten Blick, sich still
zu verhalten, sie spürten, dass etwas sehr Bedrohliches in der Luft lag.
Vielleicht gab es keine Hamsterkäufe, aber es wurde rund um die Uhr
eingekocht, wie man das damals nannte und im Keller stapelten sich die
Einmachgläser.
COVID-19-Versorgung – Strategien der Taskforce Coronavirus und Erfahrungen von den ersten 115 Fällen am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
Authors: Rieg Siegbert , Busch Hans-Jörg , Hans Felix , Grundmann Hajo , Biever Paul , Bürkle Hartmut , Hammer Thorsten , Thimme Robert , Kern Winfried 
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das neue, pandemische Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 und die damit einhergehende Erkrankung COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) stellt die medizinischen Versorgungssysteme vor große Herausforderungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit fasst die Strategie, Organisation und Maßnahmen der COVID-Taskforce des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg zusammen und berichtet über Erfahrungen und Behandlungsergebnisse von der Versorgung der ersten 115 COVID-19-Patienten.
Methoden Retrospektive, narrative Prozessbeschreibung und -analyse des Zeitraums Ende Januar bis Anfang April 2020, durchgeführt unter Mitwirken der beteiligten Departments, Kliniken und Institute des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg. Ergänzend erfolgte eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie mit deskriptiver statistischer Auswertung der epidemiologischen und klinischen Daten aller bis 31. März 2020 hospitalisierten COVID-19-Patienten.
Ergebnisse Durch eine interdisziplinär zusammengesetzte Taskforce Coronavirus wurden Maßnahmen in den Bereichen ambulante Testung und Beratung, Separierung der Patientenströme sowie Eskalation der Versorgungskapazitäten auf Normal- und Intensivstationen im Sinne eines dynamischen Stufenmodells angeregt und umgesetzt. Die Versorgung der ersten 115 Patienten gelang somit ohne Entstehung von Engpässen.
Diskussion Durch Zusammenwirken sämtlicher Disziplinen und Abteilungen des Universitätsklinikums Freiburg konnte eine adäquate Versorgung von COVID-19-Patienten sichergestellt und die Handlungsfähigkeit des Klinikums in der aktuellen Ausbruchsituation erhalten werden.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Sulodexide and Other Extended Anticoagulation Treatments for Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Pompilio Giuseppe , Integlia Davide , Raffetto Joseph , Palareti Gualtiero 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective This network meta-analysis (NMA) assesses the clinical comparative efficacy and safety of sulodexide versus direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), vitamin K antagonist (VKA), and aspirin in patients with an unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Methods We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library using both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Reduction in recurrent deep venous thrombosis (r-DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), major bleeding (MB), clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding (CRNMB) were the primary efficacy and safety outcomes. Other secondary end points were also included. We performed a fixed, random effects, and hierarchical models Bayesian NMA for each outcome.
Results We identified 18 RCTs and seven observational studies. Random models showed sulodexide is the best treatment compared with DOACs, VKA, and aspirin at reducing the risk of CRNMB, for preventing death from any cause, and VTE/PE/myocardial infarction (MI)/stroke with 0.47, 0.81, and 0.65 probabilities, respectively. In the random model sulodexide was the best treatment for reducing the risk of MB with a 0.50 probability and hierarchical model that confirmed favorable results. Random and hierarchical models showed sulodexide and DOACs to be the best treatments for reducing PE risk. Sulodexide was more effective than aspirin for reducing r-DVT with 0.12 and less of 0.0001 probabilities, respectively.
Conclusion Sulodexide is more effective for reducing MB and CRNMB, for preventing deaths from any cause, and from VTE/PE/MI/stroke, than other treatments, for both random and hierarchical models. Sulodexide showed to be more effective than aspirin in reducing the risk of r-DVT and PE. Sulodexide's reduction in bleeding while protecting from recurrent DVT risk makes this therapeutic option an important alternative for extended anticoagulation treatment.
A Rare Case of Intractable Laryngeal Sarcoidosis: A Case Report
Authors: Miyazaki Masaru , Haraoka Seiji , Sakata Toshifumi , Yamano Takafumi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLaryngeal sarcoidosis is rare, and reports of recurrences after treatment are even rarer. A 49-year-old Japanese female patient visited our clinic with a 7-day history of dysphagia. Her medical history included sarcoidosis involving the cervical lymph nodes. Endoscopic examination revealed a diffusely swollen epiglottis and bilateral edema of the arytenoids. Corticosteroids and antibiotics were administered, but the laryngeal edema did not subside. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography imaging revealed bilateral low-density areas in the arytenoids. Therefore, we performed bilateral arytenoid biopsy under direct laryngoscopic guidance. The histopathology showed noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas with moderate to severe chronic inflammatory infiltration; based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient as having laryngeal sarcoidosis. While the laryngeal edema did not recur for several months, arytenoid edema recurred 9 months after systemic steroid therapy. The patient's medical history of sarcoidosis of other organs as well as the presentation of edema of a supraglottic lesion and histopathological findings of noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas led us to make the diagnosis of laryngeal sarcoidosis again. Laryngeal sarcoidosis is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal edema, as its therapy and clinical course are different from those for other diseases that present with laryngeal edema. A cautious follow-up of patients diagnosed as having laryngeal sarcoidosis is needed, because in rare cases, the laryngeal edema can become worse over time even after therapy.