bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unplanned Hospital Care Use in Older Adults: The Role of Psychological and Social Well‐Being
Authors: Straatmann Viviane S. , Dekhtyar Serhiy , Meinow Bettina , Fratiglioni Laura , Calderón‐Larrañaga Amaia 
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVESTo explore the association of psychological and social well‐being with unplanned hospital utilization in an older Swedish population.DESIGNData for this study were gathered from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC‐K). Information on hospital care use was extracted from the Stockholm County Council Inpatient Register for up to 4 years after the baseline SNAC‐K assessment (2001‐2007). Participants with dementia or living in institutions were excluded from the study sample.SETTINGCommunity‐based study of randomly selected adults, aged 60 years or older, living in the Kungsholmen district of Stockholm.PARTICIPANTSA complete case analysis was performed on 2139 individuals.MEASUREMENTSWe created standardized indexes of psychological well‐being (integrating life satisfaction and positive and negative affect) and social well‐being (integrating social connections, support, and participation). Negative binomial models were used to estimate the association of psychosocial well‐being with unplanned admissions, hospital days, and 30‐day readmissions, considering potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, personality, and clinical confounders.RESULTSIndividuals with psychological well‐being scores above the median had lower rates of unplanned hospital admissions (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55‐0.82) and hospital days (IRR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.49‐0.92) compared to those with scores below the median. High levels of social well‐being were also protective for unplanned admissions and hospital days, but the statistical significance was lost in the fully adjusted models. Relative to individuals with low well‐being on both indexes, the rate of unplanned admissions and hospital days was lowest in those with both high psychological and social well‐being (IRR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.55‐0.93; and IRR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.39‐0.85, respectively). For 30‐day readmissions, a statistically significant negative association was found with psychological well‐being, but only when operationalized as a continuous variable.CONCLUSIONGiven their association with unplanned admissions and hospital days, targeting aspects of psychosocial well‐being could be a viable strategy for reducing healthcare use and, eventually, costs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:272–280, 2020
Development of nutritious rice with high zinc/selenium and low cadmium in grains through QTL pyramiding
Authors: Liu Chaolei , Ding Shilin , Zhang Anpeng , Hong Kai , Jiang Hongzhen , Yang Shenglong , Ruan Banpu , Zhang Bin , Dong Guojun , Guo Longbiao , Zeng Dali , Qian Qian , Gao Zhenyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnriching zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) levels, while reducing cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice grains is of great benefit for human diet and health. Large natural variations in grain Zn, Se, and Cd concentrations in different rice accessions enable Zn/Se‐biofortification and Cd‐minimization through molecular breeding. Here, we report the development of new elite varieties by pyramiding major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that significantly contribute to high Zn/Se and low Cd accumulation in grains. A chromosome segment substitution line CSSLGCC7 with the PA64s‐derived GCC7 allele in the 93‐11 background, exhibited steadily higher Mn and lower Cd concentrations in grains than those of 93‐11. This elite chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) was used as the core breeding material to cross with CSSLs harboring other major QTLs for essential mineral elements, especially CSSLGZC6 for grain Zn concentration and CSSLGSC5 for grain Se concentration. The CSSLGCC7+GZC6 and CSSLGCC7+GSC5 exhibited lower Cd concentration with higher Zn and Se concentrations in grains, respectively. Our study thus provides elite materials for rice breeding targeting high Zn/Se and low Cd concentrations in grains.
Preparation and evaluation of anti‐wrinkle cream containing saffron extract and avocado oil
Authors: Naeimifar Atefeh , Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Samadi Aniseh , Talari Roya , Sajad Ale‐nabi Seyed , Massoud Hossini Amir , Firooz Alireza 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecently, many compounds or extracts from natural sources are used for reducing facial aging and wrinkles.ObjectiveThis study investigates the preparation and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of saffron extract and avocado oil used for anti‐wrinkle topical cream.Methods and MaterialsOil in water cream was prepared containing avocado oil and the saffron extract. Accelerated stability tests were carried out due to 6 months accordingly through the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guideline. For clinical studies, topical cream was applied by twenty healthy volunteers daily, for 12 weeks. Improvement in wrinkle grading by a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GIAS), depth and volume of the nasolabial fold, thickness, and density of dermis, and determination of the skin biophysical parameters were evaluated at the baseline, 6th and 12th week.ResultDuring the period of storage, the formulation showed no variation in physicochemical properties. The clinical evaluation showed at least one‐grade improvement in GIAS in 30% and 45% of participants, after 6 and 12 weeks, respectively. Subjects were “moderately satisfied” with the treatment. In addition, the area and volume of nasolabial folds were significantly reduced. Moreover, net elasticity (R5) and gross elasticity (R2) showed a significant increase after 12 weeks of treatment. There was no report of allergic reactions, and no changes in skin hydration occurred during the treatment.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that saffron extract and avocado oil anti‐wrinkle topical cream is an efficient and safe treatment for facial skin rejuvenation.
The antiphospholipid syndrome – often overlooked cause of vascular occlusions?
Authors: Svenungsson E. , Antovic A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was fully recognized as a clinical entity in the early 1980s. Still, more than 30 years later, the epidemiology of APS is not well described, and furthermore, APS remains a challenge in terms of both diagnostic issues and clinical praxis involving a wide range of specialties. To date, there are no diagnostic criteria for APS. The present classification criteria rely on a combination of clinical manifestations and persistently positive tests for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Clinical symptoms comprise vascular thrombosis, which can affect any vascular bed, including venous, microvascular and arterial vessels, and a set of pregnancy morbidities including early and late miscarriages, foetal death and preeclampsia. APS is more frequent among patients with other autoimmune diseases, and it is especially common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Importantly, APS symptoms can present in almost any medical specialty, but general knowledge and most previous clinical studies have essentially been confined to haematology, rheumatology and obstetrics/gynaecology. However, recent data demonstrate a relatively high prevalence of aPL also in patients from the general population who suffer from vascular occlusions or pregnancy complications. It is important that these patients are recognized by the general health care since APS is a treatable condition. This review aims to summarize the present knowledge on the history, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of APS in order to urge a wide range of clinicians to consider comprehensive assessment of all patients where the diagnosis APS may be conceivable.
Jurisdiction in Trans Health
Authors: Dietz Chris 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article utilizes a novel framework to analyse the contested boundaries between law and medicine. Bringing theoretical and empirical insights together, it expands recent socio‐legal scholarship on jurisdiction. Jurisdictional analysis is conducted in an under‐researched area of health law – namely, the accessibility of trans‐related health care. The article draws upon the first qualitative research project to assess the impact of self‐declaration of legal gender status in Denmark. This was adopted in 2014, at the same time as access to hormones and surgeries was centralized and restricted. The combined impact of these reforms disappointed the trans people interviewed, which demonstrates the importance of identifying how legal and medical norms interrelate. Jurisdictional analysis helps to illuminate how law was used to develop and protect professional competencies. Such insights will be valuable for researchers interested in the potential of self‐declaration, and for scholars of health law and socio‐legal studies more generally.
Protecting Adults With Caregiving Responsibilities From Workplace Discrimination: Analysis of National Legislation
Authors: Bose Bijetri , Quiñones Feliz , Moreno Gonzalo , Raub Amy , Huh Kate , Heymann Jody 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study is the first to analyze the global extent of national legislation to prevent workplace discrimination against adults with caregiving responsibilities.BackgroundStudies indicate the existence of substantial discrimination based on pregnancy and family status. Research has also demonstrated that laws against workplace discrimination can reduce disparities in hiring, job retention, and pay. However, little is known about the extent to which countries legally prohibit discrimination against caregivers.MethodThis article describes a novel database of national laws against workplace discrimination on the basis of marital status, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and family status in 193 United Nations member states. The study examines protections against discrimination in hiring, promotion and/or demotion, access to employer‐provided vocational training, compensation, and termination as well as protections against indirect discrimination, testing whether any specific work dimension or aspect of caregiving has received particular attention in legislation.ResultsA large majority of countries worldwide protect against sex‐based workplace discrimination in all five work dimensions under study, but only about one third protect against discrimination on the basis of pregnancy status, family responsibilities, and marital status, and a negligible proportion protect against discrimination on the basis of breastfeeding status. Protections also vary across dimensions of work.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that only a minority of countries guarantee caregivers some level of legislative protection from workplace discrimination, which disproportionately leads to job or pay loss for women with caretaking responsibilities. More and better‐targeted laws and policies to combat the discrimination that women with family responsibilities face at work are needed worldwide.
Why people choose to participate in psychotherapy for depression: A qualitative study
Authors: Wells Hayley , Crowe Marie , Inder Maree 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Medication does not always resolve a serious mood episode, and there is evidence that it needs to be combined with an evidence‐based psychotherapy to promote symptomatic and functional recovery.

There is little known about what people with serious mood disorders want from mental health services to manage their mood.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Participants in this study wanted a framework other than the medical model for understanding and managing their mood.

Their motivation to commence psychotherapy was based on a sense of having hit rock bottom and a need for understanding what was happening in order to better manage their mood.

AbstractIntroductionThere is little known about the motivations for people to participate in psychotherapy for depression.AimTo explore why people, with a diagnosis of major depressive episode, chose to take part in a psychotherapy study and what they expected it to involve.MethodThis was a qualitative study of participants’ motivations and understandings of psychotherapy for depression. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsEight females and eight males with an age range from 21 years to 55 years were recruited. Three themes were identified that described why participants chose to participate in psychotherapy: medication was not enough, a turning point and making sense of experience. The participants chose to participate in psychotherapy after finding that medication was insufficient and this combined with a sense of crisis motivated them to engage in psychotherapy in order to learn to manage their mood differently.DiscussionThe participants recognized that they wanted a framework other than a medical model with its reliance on medication, in order to make sense of their experiences and develop new self‐management strategies.Implications for PracticeOur study suggests that some people experiencing a serious mood disorder access psychotherapy after “hitting rock bottom” and finding insufficient help from medications. Mental health nurses need to be aware people do not always want a medical model approach to treatment of serious mood disorders and they need to provide the opportunity of engaging in a psychotherapeutic framework in order to better understand and manage their mood.
Common barriers, but temporal dissonance: Genomic tests suggest ecological and paleo‐landscape sieves structure a coastal riverine fish community
Authors: Thomaz Andréa T. , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAssessments of spatial and temporal congruency across taxa from genetic data provide insights into the extent to which similar processes structure communities. However, for coastal regions that are affected continuously by cyclical sea‐level changes over the Pleistocene, congruent interspecific response will not only depend upon codistributions, but also on similar dispersal histories among taxa. Here, we use SNPs to test for concordant genetic structure among four codistributed taxa of freshwater fishes (Teleostei: Characidae) along the Brazilian Atlantic coastal drainages. Based on population relationships and hierarchical genetic structure analyses, we identify all taxa share the same geographic structure suggesting the fish utilized common passages in the past to move between river basins. In contrast to this strong spatial concordance, model‐based estimates of divergence times indicate that despite common routes for dispersal, these passages were traversed by each of the taxa at different times resulting in varying degrees of genetic differentiation across barriers with most divergences dating to the Upper Pleistocene, even when accounting for divergence with gene flow. Interestingly, when this temporal dissonance is viewed through the lens of the species‐specific ecologies, it suggests that an ecological sieve influenced whether species dispersed readily, with an ecological generalist showing the highest propensity for historical dispersal among the isolated rivers of the Brazilian coast (i.e., the most recent divergence times and frequent gene flow estimated for barriers). We discuss how our findings, and in particular what the temporal dissonance, despite common geographic passages, suggest about past dispersal structuring coastal communities as a function of ecological and paleo‐landscape sieves.
Effects of vitamin D on health outcomes and sporting performance: Implications for elite and recreational athletes
Authors: Wilson‐Barnes S. L. , Hunt J. E. A. , Lanham‐New S. A. , Manders R. J. F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe primary source of vitamin D is through synthesis in the skin, following exposure to sunlight containing ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Supply through skin exposure can be supplemented by the diet, but there are relatively few dietary sources, especially those which provide a large amount of vitamin D per serving. Research into the effects of vitamin D status in different population groups has become an increasingly popular topic. The current interest surrounding vitamin D research in sport remains focused on the potential ergogenic effects of vitamin D on physical performance. However, the relationship between vitamin D (dietary intake and status) and musculoskeletal health in university athlete cohorts residing at higher latitudes (>40°N) remains underinvestigated. Within this review, the possible physiological roles that vitamin D may play within sport performance for recreational and professional athletes, as well as military recruits, will be discussed. The focus will be on muscular strength, cardiovascular health and the incidence of illness, including upper respiratory tract infections. Specifically, the effect that vitamin D deficiency {defined as a plasma/serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration of <25 nmol/l} may have on musculoskeletal health, including the incidence of stress fractures, is discussed. The review also seeks to highlight avenues for future research within vitamin D and sport, in particular for populations residing at higher latitudes (>40°N) where wintertime vitamin D deficiency is prevalent. It is hoped that this review will help to raise the awareness of the importance of existing advice in the UK for the avoidance of vitamin D deficiency and international vitamin D guidelines (such as in the US) on the achievement of vitamin D sufficiency [serum 25(OH)D >50 nmol/l] for optimum health and performance in athletes, both professional and recreational.
Factors affecting home‐based disaster preparedness among school‐aged children's parents: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jung Eunyoung , Kim Go‐Un , Choi Eun Kyoung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the factors affecting home‐based disaster preparedness among Korean parents of school‐aged children, based on an ecological model. A descriptive study was conducted involving 233 parents with school‐aged children, using an online survey questionnaire. Parents' home‐based disaster preparedness scores were classified into four groups: not prepared (36.5%), minimally prepared (38.2%), better prepared (17.6%), and most prepared (7.7%). Home‐based disaster preparedness predictors corresponded to occupation and disaster‐related knowledge in Model I, parents who had received disaster education in Model II, and age and participation in disaster education for parents and children together in Model III. The findings indicate that home‐based disaster preparedness in Korea is inadequate. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and provide disaster‐related education programs that consider each population group's needs and disaster preparedness level. Additionally, it is important to form networks for sharing the latest disaster‐related information both inside and outside the family to maintain and manage disaster preparedness at home.
Ventilator hyperinflation determined by peak airway pressure delivered: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Jacob Wendy , Dennis Diane , Jacques Angela , Marsh Lisa , Woods Paul , Hebden‐Todd Tracy 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to see if a more sophisticated ventilator hyperinflation protocol might result in more sputum clearance compared to manual hyperinflation.BackgroundHyperinflation has been used to mobilize lung secretions in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit setting for almost 50 years. In the past decade, rather than using a bag external to the ventilator circuit to deliver hyperinflation (known as “bagging” or “manual hyperinflation”), a new technique has evolved using existing ventilator circuitry (known as “ventilator hyperinflation”). One conservative ventilator hyperinflation protocol has demonstrated equivalence with manual hyperinflation in sputum clearance.DesignA randomized crossover study.MethodPatients received manual hyperinflation and ventilator hyperinflation in two randomly ordered treatments on the same day by the same physiotherapist, using a ventilator hyperinflation protocol involving titration of hyperinflation according to airway pressure.ResultsBetween 2013 and 2018, 48 patients were enrolled in the study. Physiotherapy treatment using ventilator hyperinflation yielded significantly more wet weight sputum (median 2.84 g, IQR 1.81, 4.22) than treatment using manual hyperinflation (median 1.5 g, IQR 0.73, 2.31, P < .001), without significant differences in secondary measures.ConclusionsA more sophisticated approach to the titration of the volume delivered using ventilator hyperinflation relative to the airway pressure resulted in greater wet weight sputum cleared during physiotherapy treatment.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe results presented in this paper demonstrate that the application of ventilator hyperinflation using peak airway pressure rather than tidal volume may be superior in facilitating sputum clearance and improved oxygenation without patient harm.
Exosomes from EV71‐infected oral epithelial cells can transfer miR‐30a to promote EV71 infection
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Shuting , Song Weijian , Zhang Weixin , Li Jiasu , Li Chengxi , Qiu Yingying , Fang Yuanchun , Jiang Qian , Li Xia , Yan Bin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveAs an extracellular vesicle, exosomes can release from virus‐infected cells containing various viral or host cellular elements and could stimulate recipient's cellular response. Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a single‐strand positive‐sense RNA virus, is known to cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and bring about severe clinical diseases.MethodsSeparated the human oral epithelial cells (OE cells) from normal buccal mucosa through enzyme digestion. Performed a comprehensive miRNA profiling in exosomes from EV71‐infected OE cells through deep small RNA‐seq. Using the Human Antiviral Response RT Profiler PCR Array profiles to explore the interactions of innate immune signaling networks with exosomal miR‐30a. Knocked out the MyD88 gene in macrophages using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing method.ResultsOur study demonstrated that the miR‐30a was preferentially enriched in exosomes that released from EV71‐infected human oral epithelial cells through small RNA‐seq. We found that the transfer of exosomal miR‐30a to macrophages could suppress type Ⅰ interferon response through targeting myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and subsequently facilitate the viral replication.ConclusionsExosomes released from EV71‐infected OE cells selectively packaged high level of miR‐30a that can be functionally transferred to the recipient macrophages resulted in targeting MyD88 and subsequently inhibited type I interferon production in receipt cells, thus promoting the EV71 replication.