bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Feedback‐Controlled Photothermal/Photodynamic/Chemodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy Based on NaGdF4:Er,Yb@NaGdF4:Nd@Cu‐BIF Nanoassemblies
Authors: Qi Ye , Ye Junwei , Ren Shuangsong , Wang Guangyao , Lv Jialin , Zhang Siqi , Che Ying , Li Yachen , Chen Baojiu , Ning Guiling 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intelligent design of multifunctional nanoplatforms is critical for cancer therapy. Herein, NaGdF4:Er,Yb@NaGdF4:Nd@Cu(II) boron−imidazolate frameworks (denoted as CSNPs@Cu‐BIF) nanoassemblies are designed and fabricated. Upon a single 808 nm laser irradiation, the nanoassemblies not only show the outstanding photothermal conversion capacity (η = 41.7%) but also generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species through an in situ Fenton‐like reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Importantly, the nanoassemblies simultaneously introduce remarkable antitumor efficacy via photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic combination therapy both in vitro and in vivo. To improve the therapeutic effect of solid tumor ablation, it is highly desirable to monitor the treatment process in real‐time. Multiclinical imaging modalities of ultrasonography are employed to systematically investigate the ablation mechanism of solid tumors in vivo. Furthermore, the significant difference between the eigen temperature of CSNPs@Cu‐BIF nanoassemblies obtained by the temperature‐sensitive emission bands signal changes and the apparent temperature recorded by the thermal imaging camera is 14.55 K at equilibrium. This current work therefore supplies an alternative strategy in temperature feedback‐controlled accurate cancer therapy.
Recent Progress in the Development of Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Precise Tumor Phototherapy
Authors: Liu Junjie , Shi Jinjin , Nie Weimin , Wang Sijie , Liu Genhua , Cai Kaiyong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhototherapy, including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, mainly relies on phototherapeutic agents (PAs) to produce heat or toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill tumors. It has attracted wide attention due to its merits of noninvasive properties and negligible drug resistance. However, the phototoxicity of conventional PAs is one of the main challenges for its potential clinical application. This is mainly caused by the uncontrolled distribution of PA in vivo, as well as the inevitable damage to healthy cells along the light path. Ensuring the generation of ROS or heat specific at tumor site is the key for precise tumor phototherapy. In this review, the progress of targeted delivery of PA and activatable phototherapy strategies based on nanocarriers for precise tumor therapy is summarized. The research progress of passive targeting, active targeting, and activatable targeting strategies in the delivery of PA is also described. Then, the switchable nanosystems for tumor precise phototherapy in response to tumor microenvironment, including pH, glutathione (GSH), protein, and nucleic acid, are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of nanocarrier‐based precise phototherapy are discussed for clinical application in the future.
A Targeted Activatable NIR‐IIb Nanoprobe for Highly Sensitive Detection of Ischemic Stroke in a Photothrombotic Stroke Model
Authors: Yang Xiaohu , Wang Zan , Huang Haoying , Ling Sisi , Zhang Rong , Zhang Yejun , Chen Guangcun , Li Chunyan , Wang Qiangbin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIschemic stroke is a devastating disease resulting in high morbidity and mortality. To date, its early diagnosis still faces challenges. Herein, an efficient detection strategy is proposed, in which a targeted activatable NIR‐IIb nanoprobe (V&C/PbS@Ag2Se) is constructed for in vivo highly sensitive detection of early ischemic stroke in a photothrombotic stroke model. At first, the fluorescence of V&C/PbS@Ag2Se displays an “off” state due to the competitive absorption of excitation irradiation between Cy7.5 fluorophores and PbS@Ag2Se quantum dots (QDs). Upon intravenous injection, the V&C/PbS@Ag2Se quickly accumulates in the lesion regions based on VCAM1 binding peptide target to the inflamed vascular endothelium of ischemic stroke. Later, the nanoprobes can be rapidly activated via Cy7.5 oxidation by peroxynitrite (ONOO−), the prodromal biomarker of ischemic stroke, instantly illuminating the lesion regions. Such a targeted activatable strategy offers a favorable approach for in vivo early real‐time assessment of ischemic stroke, which can be expanded to other diseases as a general mothed for in vivo precise diagnosis.
IFlowPlate—A Customized 384‐Well Plate for the Culture of Perfusable Vascularized Colon Organoids
Authors: Rajasekar Shravanthi , Lin Dawn S. Y. , Abdul Lyan , Liu Amy , Sotra Alexander , Zhang Feng , Zhang Boyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite the complexity and structural sophistication that 3D organoid models provide, their lack of vascularization and perfusion limit the capability of these models to recapitulate organ physiology effectively. A microfluidic platform named IFlowPlate is engineered, which can be used to culture up to 128 independently perfused and vascularized colon organoids in vitro. Unlike traditional microfluidic devices, the vascularized organoid‐on‐chip device with an “open‐well” design does not require any external pumping systems and allows tissue extraction for downstream analyses, such as histochemistry or even in vivo transplantation. By optimizing both the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the culture media formulation, patient‐derived colon organoids are co‐cultured successfully within a self‐assembled vascular network, and it is found that the colon organoids grow significantly better in the platform under constant perfusion versus conventional static condition. Furthermore, a colon inflammation model with an innate immune function where circulating monocytes can be recruited from the vasculature, differentiate into macrophage, and infiltrate the colon organoids in response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ inflammatory cytokine stimulation is developed using the platform. With the ability to grow vascularized colon organoids under intravascular perfusion, the IFlowPlate platform could unlock new possibilities for screening potential therapeutic targets or modeling relevant diseases.
Visualizing the Anomalous Charge Density Wave States in Graphene/NbSe2 Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Yu , Wu Lishu , Xu Hai , Cong Chunxiao , Li Si , Feng Shun , Zhang Hongbo , Zou Chenji , Shang Jingzhi , Yang Shengyuan A. , Loh Kian Ping , Huang Wei , Yu Ting 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetallic layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) host collective many‐body interactions, including the competing superconducting and charge density wave (CDW) states. Graphene is widely employed as a heteroepitaxial substrate for the growth of TMD layers and as an ohmic contact, where the graphene/TMD heterostructure is naturally formed. The presence of graphene can unpredictably influence the CDW order in 2D CDW conductors. This work reports the CDW transitions of 2H‐NbSe2 layers in graphene/NbSe2 heterostructures. The evolution of Raman spectra demonstrates that the CDW phase transition temperatures (TCDW) of NbSe2 are dramatically decreased when capped by graphene. The induced anomalous short‐range CDW state is confirmed by scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. The findings propose a new criterion to determine the TCDW through monitoring the line shape of the A1g mode. Meanwhile, the 2D band is also discovered as an indicator to observe the CDW transitions. First‐principles calculations imply that interfacial electron doping suppresses the CDW states by impeding the lattice distortion of 2H‐NbSe2. The extraordinary random CDW lattice suggests deep insight into the formation mechanism of many collective electronic states and possesses great potential in modulating multifunctional devices.
Human‐Recombinant‐Elastin‐Based Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting of Vascularized Soft Tissues
Authors: Lee Sohyung , Sani Ehsan Shirzaei , Spencer Andrew R. , Guan Yvonne , Weiss Anthony S. , Annabi Nasim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBioprinting has emerged as an advanced method for fabricating complex 3D tissues. Despite the tremendous potential of 3D bioprinting, there are several drawbacks of current bioinks and printing methodologies that limit the ability to print elastic and highly vascularized tissues. In particular, fabrication of complex biomimetic structure that are entirely based on 3D bioprinting is still challenging primarily due to the lack of suitable bioinks with high printability, biocompatibility, biomimicry, and proper mechanical properties. To address these shortcomings, in this work the use of recombinant human tropoelastin as a highly biocompatible and elastic bioink for 3D printing of complex soft tissues is demonstrated. As proof of the concept, vascularized cardiac constructs are bioprinted and their functions are assessed in vitro and in vivo. The printed constructs demonstrate endothelium barrier function and spontaneous beating of cardiac muscle cells, which are important functions of cardiac tissue in vivo. Furthermore, the printed construct elicits minimal inflammatory responses, and is shown to be efficiently biodegraded in vivo when implanted subcutaneously in rats. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of the elastic bioink for printing 3D functional cardiac tissues, which can eventually be used for cardiac tissue replacement.
Dopant‐Driven Positive Reinforcement in Ex‐Solution Process: New Strategy to Develop Highly Capable and Durable Catalytic Materials
Authors: Jang Ji‐Soo , Kim Jun Kyu , Kim Kyeounghak , Jung Wan‐Gil , Lim Chaesung , Kim Sangwoo , Kim Dong‐Ha , Kim Bong‐Joong , Han Jeong Woo , Jung WooChul , Kim Il‐Doo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ex‐solution phenomenon, a central platform for growing metal nanoparticles on the surface of host oxides in real time with high durability and a fine distribution, has recently been applied to various scientific and industrial fields, such as catalysis, sensing, and renewable energy. However, the high‐temperature processing required for ex‐solutions (>700 °C) limits the applicable material compositions and has hindered advances in this technique. Here, an unprecedented approach is reported for low‐temperature particle ex‐solution on important nanoscale binary oxides. WO3 with a nanosheet structure is selected as the parent oxide, and Ir serves as the active metal species that produces the ex‐solved metallic particles. Importantly, Ir doping facilitates a phase transition in the WO3 bulk lattice, which further promotes Ir ex‐solution at the oxide surface and eventually enables the formation of Ir particles (<3 nm) at temperatures as low as 300 °C. Low‐temperature ex‐solution effectively inhibits the agglomeration of WO3 sheets while maintaining well‐dispersed ex‐solved particles. Furthermore, the Ir‐decorated WO3 sheets show excellent durability and H2S selectivity when used as sensing materials, suggesting that this is a generalizable synthetic strategy for preparing highly robust heterogeneous catalysts for a variety of applications.
Selective Modification of Hierarchical Pores and Surfaces in Nanoporous Materials
Authors: Tiemann Michael , Weinberger Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTailor‐made ordered mesoporous materials bear great potential in numerous fields of application where large interfaces are required. However, the inherent surfacechemical properties of conventional materials, such as silica, carbon or organosilica, poses some limitations with respect to their application. Surface manipulation by functionalization with chemically more reactive groups is one way to improve materials for their desired purpose. Another approach is the design of high surface‐area composite materials. The surface manipulation, either by functionalization or by introducing guest species, can be performed selectively. This means that when several distinct, i.e. , hierarchical, types of surfaces or pore systems exist in a material, each of them may be chosen for manipulation. Several strategies can be identified to achieve this goal. Molecules or molecule assemblies can be utilized to temporarily protect pores or surfaces (soft protection), while manipulation occurs at the accessible sites. This approach is a recurring motive in this review and can also be applied to rigid template matrices (hard protection). Furthermore, the size of functionalization agents (size protection) and their reactivity/diffusion (kinetic protection) into the pores can also be utilized to achieve selectivity. In addition, challenges in the synthesis and characterization of selectively manipulated ordered mesoporous materials are discussed.
129Xe NMR on Porous Materials: Basic Principles and Recent Applications
Authors: Wisser Dorothea , Hartmann Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA large number of functional and catalytic materials exhibit porosity, often on different length scales and with a hierarchical structure. The assessment of pore sizes, pore geometry, and pore interconnectivity is complex and usually not feasible by classical spectroscopic and diffraction techniques. One of the most powerful methods to probe these parameters is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of xenon, which is introduced into the pore system. Adsorbed to the pore walls, it acts as probe nucleus. In this tutorial review, an introduction into the basic principles of 129Xe NMR spectroscopy and the models developed to determine pore sizes in different materials are given. The possibilities and limitations of this method for obtaining insights into hierarchical structures of functional materials are highlighted and a review of recent works is presented.
Ultralong and High‐Efficiency Room Temperature Phosphorescence of Organic‐Phosphors‐Doped Polymer Films Enhanced by 3D Network
Authors: Wu Bo , Guo Nini , Xu Xingtang , Xing Youmei , Shi Ke , Fang Weihua , Wang Guojie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUltralong room temperature phosphorescence (URTP) is an attractive phenomenon in organic photonics. Polymer‐based URTP materials are superior alternatives to traditional inorganic or organometallic phosphors because of their unique transparency and flexibility. However, few URTP polymer films achieve room temperature phosphorescence lifetimes longer than 2 s and the polymer films with longer lifetimes show extremely low phosphorescence quantum yields (<2%). Herein, a reasonable strategy is proposed to simultaneously achieve ultralong room temperature phosphorescence lifetimes and high phosphorescence quantum yields in polymer films, based on the effective suppression of nonradiative decay of organic phosphors by dense 3D network. A record‐breaking 2.28 s ultralong phosphorescence lifetime and up to 8.35% phosphorescence quantum yield are realized simultaneously in the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)‐doped URTP polymer film fabricated by a simple doping method. The URTP can be excited by ultralow power UV light (5 µW cm−2) or only sunlight, which demonstrates the superb practicality of the polymer network films. In addition, it is noted that the film can still emit phosphorescence lasting 3 s at a temperature as high as 60 °C. A double encryption system is successfully developed based on the unique features of the URTP films.
Bi@Sn Core–Shell Structure with Compressive Strain Boosts the Electroreduction of CO2 into Formic Acid
Authors: Xing Yulin , Kong Xiangdong , Guo Xu , Liu Yan , Li Qiuyao , Zhang Yuzhe , Sheng Yelin , Yang Xupeng , Geng Zhigang , Zeng Jie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAs a profitable product from CO2 electroreduction, HCOOH holds economic viability only when the selectivity is higher than 90% with current density (j) over −200.0 mA cm−2. Herein, Bi@Sn core–shell nanoparticles (Bi core and Sn shell, denoted as Bi@Sn NPs) are developed to boost the activity and selectivity of CO2 electroreduction into HCOOH. In an H‐cell system with 0.5 m KHCO3 as electrolyte, Bi@Sn NPs exhibit a Faradaic efficiency for HCOOH (FEHCOOH) of 91% with partial j for HCOOH (jHCOOH) of −31.0 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. The potential application of Bi@Sn NPs is testified via chronopotentiometric measurements in the flow‐cell system with 2.0 m KHCO3 electrolyte. Under this circumstance, Bi@Sn NPs achieve an FEHCOOH of 92% with an energy efficiency of 56% at steady‐state j of −250.0 mA cm−2. Theoretical studies indicate that the energy barrier of the potential‐limiting step for the formation of HCOOH is decreased owing to the compressive strain in the Sn shell, resulting in the enhanced catalytic performance.
Multiplatform Metabolomics Reveals Novel Serum Metabolite Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy Subjects
Authors: Xuan Qiuhui , Ouyang Yang , Wang Yanfeng , Wu Liang , Li Huating , Luo Yuanyuan , Zhao Xinjie , Feng Disheng , Qin Wangshu , Hu Chunxiu , Zhou Lina , Liu Xinyu , Zou Haidong , Cai Chun , Wu Jiarui , Jia Weiping , Xu Guowang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of vision loss or blindness in working age adults worldwide. The lack of effective diagnostic biomarkers for DR leads to unsatisfactory curative treatments. To define potential metabolite biomarkers for DR diagnosis, a multiplatform‐based metabolomics study is performed. In this study, a total of 905 subjects with diabetes without DR (NDR) and with DR at different clinical stages are recruited. Multiplatform metabolomics methods are used to characterize the serum metabolic profiles and to screen and validate the DR biomarkers. Based on the criteria p < 0.05 and false‐discovery rate < 0.05, 348 and 290 metabolites are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of DR and early‐stage DR, respectively. The biomarker panel consisting of 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12‐HETE) and 2‐piperidone exhibited better diagnostic performance than hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in differentiating DR from diabetes, with AUCs of 0.946 versus 0.691 and 0.928 versus 0.648 in the discovery and validation sets, respectively. In addition, this panel showed higher sensitivity in early‐stage DR detection than HbA1c. In conclusion, this multiplatform‐based metabolomics study comprehensively revealed the metabolic dysregulation associated with DR onset and progression. The defined biomarker panel can be used for detection of DR and early‐stage DR.
Photocatalysis‐Assisted Co3O4/g‐C3N4 p–n Junction All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors: A Bridge between Energy Storage and Photocatalysis
Authors: Bai Liqi , Huang Hongwei , Zhang Songge , Hao Lin , Zhang Zhili , Li Hongfen , Sun Li , Guo Lina , Huang Haitao , Zhang Yihe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSupercapacitors with the advantages of high power density and fast discharging rate have full applications in energy storage. However, the low energy density restricts their development. Conventional methods for improving energy density are mainly confined to doping atoms and hybridizing with other active materials. Herein, a Co3O4/g‐C3N4 p–n junction with excellent capacity is developed and its application in an all‐solid‐state flexible device is demonstrated, whose capacity and energy density are considerably enhanced by simulated solar light irradiation. Under photoirradiation, the capacity is increased by 70.6% at the maximum current density of 26.6 mA cm−2 and a power density of 16.0 kW kg−1. The energy density is enhanced from 7.5 to 12.9 Wh kg−1 with photoirradiation. The maximum energy density reaches 16.4 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 6.4 kW kg−1. It is uncovered that the lattice distortion of Co3O4, reduces defects of g‐C3N4, and the facilitated photo‐generated charge separation by the Co3O4/g‐C3N4 p–n junction all make contributions to the promoted electrochemical storage performance. This work may provide a new strategy to enhance the energy density of supercapacitors and expand the application range of photocatalytic materials.
Unveiling the Excited‐State Dynamics of Mn2+ in 0D Cs4PbCl6 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wei Jiaojiao , Gong Zhongliang , Huang Ping , Xu Jin , Li Renfu , Yu Shaohua , Cheng Xingwen , Zheng Wei , Chen Xueyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDoping is an effective strategy for tailoring the optical properties of 0D Cs4PbX6 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) and expanding their applications. Herein, a unique approach is reported for the controlled synthesis of pure‐phase Mn2+‐doped Cs4PbCl6 perovskite NCs and the excited‐state dynamics of Mn2+ is unveiled through temperature‐dependent steady‐state and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Because of the spatially confined 0D structure of Cs4PbCl6 perovskite, the NCs exhibit drastically different PL properties of Mn2+ in comparison with their 3D CsPbCl3 analogues, including significantly improved PL quantum yield in solid form (25.8%), unusually long PL lifetime (26.2 ms), large exciton binding energy, strong electron–phonon coupling strength, and an anomalous temperature evolution of Mn2+‐PL decay from a dominant slow decay (in tens of ms scale) at 300 K to a fast decay (in 1 ms scale) at 10 K. These findings provide fundamental insights into the excited‐state dynamics of Mn2+ in 0D Cs4PbCl6 NCs, thus laying a foundation for future design of 0D perovskite NCs through metal ion doping toward versatile applications.
Novel update of interventional strategies of vascular aging in humans
Authors: Qiu Yumin , Liu Yuanya , Liu Xiaoling , Tao Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChina is the country with the largest elderly population in the world. Age‐related ischemic vascular disease is on a rapidly increasing trend and has brought a huge burden on the whole society. Vascular aging, characterized by vascular dysfunction and aging of the vasculature, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischemic vascular disease, morbidity, and mortality of the elderly. This review describes mechanisms and depicts the novel interventional strategies of vascular aging. We propose the significance of vascular aging for early detection, early prevention, and early treatment of age‐related ischemic disease and effective improvement of the quality of life in the elderly population. Finally, future directions to develop novel interventions targeting ischemic disease are presented to prevent age‐related vascular pathologies.
A high toughness elastomer based on naturalEucommia ulmoidesgum
Authors: Qi Xin , Zhao Xin , Li Yongxin , Zhang Jichuan , Zhang Liqun , Yue Dongmei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEucommia ulmoidesgum (EUG) is a kind of bio‐based polymer with similar structure to natural rubber (NR). However, it behaves as hard plastic at room temperature due to crystallization, which makes it not as widely used as NR. Herein, a new bio‐based elastomer (HEUG) was prepared by rhodium‐catalyzed hydrogenation of EUG for the first time.1H‐NMR and13C‐NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of HEUG, and wide angle X‐ray diffraction, polarizing light microscopy showed that the crystal was gradually destroyed in the hydrogenation process, finding that when the degree of hydrogenation is more than 16.5%, HEUG transformed from plastic to elastomer at room temperature. Besides, the Synchrotron Radiation experiment showed that HEUG with hydrogenation of 85.9% could be self‐reinforced by strain‐induced crystallization during stretching, which make it has excellent tensile strength and toughness (21.4 MPa and 68.1 MJ m−3, respectively). This new bio‐based elastomer has the potential to replace NR and has a wide application prospect in rubber industry.