bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomy of manufacturing strategies revisited
Authors: Frohlich Markham T , Dixon J.Robb 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWhile our field has done commendable work putting forward new ideas in operations strategy, we have historically done a less effective job validating concepts after their introduction. Given this issue, we attempted to test and extend one of the most influential OM configurations — Miller and Roth’s [Management Science 40 (1994) 285] taxonomy of manufacturing strategies. Their taxonomy was longitudinally replicated with a newer set of North America Manufacturing Futures data as well as an entirely different global sample. Our replications partially supported Miller and Roth’s taxonomy of three strategy‐types (Caretakers, Marketeers, and Innovators), but found no evidence of the two underlying dimensions of manufacturing strategy that they called market scope and differentiation. Interestingly, the Marketeers were replaced in the 1990s by a new strategy called Designers, and three other unique manufacturing strategies were identified in the global data.
Osteosarcoma cell apoptosis induced by selenium
Authors: Hiraoka Koji , Komiya Setsuro , Hamada Tetsuya , Zenmyo Michihisa , Inoue Akio 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn essential nutrient selenium has been reported to be a potential cancer preventive and inhibitory agent, although no exact mechanism has yet been proposed. Since little is known about the anti‐proliferative effect of selenium on osteosarcoma, this issue was addressed in the present study in vitro using three osteosarcoma cell lines, and in vivo using an osteosarcoma transplantable to nude mice. Selenium inhibited the tumor growth in vitro and morphological changes indicative of apoptosis were demonstrated. Osteosarcomas in nude mice were inhibited in growth by selenium with no cytotoxic change in normal tissues. The findings suggested that selenium may offer a novel therapeutic modality for osteosarcoma. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Punlished by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A critical period for the influence of peripheral targets on the central projections of developing sensory neurons
Authors: Mears Simon C. , Frank Eric 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDuring development, the projections that sensory neurons make within the spinal cord are influenced by the specific targets they contact in the periphery. If sensory ganglia normally supplying principally cutaneous targets are forced to grow into limb muscles, in early stage tadpoles, many sensory neurons within these ganglia innervate limb muscles and subsequently develop spinal projections appropriate for muscle spindle afferents. If the same procedure is performed with adult frogs, however, these novel projections do not form. In this study, we have determined the developmental stages at which this sensitivity to peripheral targets exists. Axons from sensory neurons in thoracic (largely cutaneous) dorsal root ganglia were re‐routed into the front leg at various stages through metamorphosis, and the central spinal projections of these re‐routed fibers were assessed with HRP labeling. We found that thoracic sensory axons could be made to project to limb muscles throughout development, but that the central projections of these neurons were only appropriate for spindle afferents if the fibers were re‐routed before stage XVIII, shortly before metamorphic climax. Because sensory neurons can regenerate specifically into the appropriate spinal laminae even in adult frogs, these results suggest that changes in either the DRG or the arm musculature occur by stage XVII so that DRG neurons cannot respond to novel peripheral targets.
Insulin binding and fluid‐phase endocytosis stimulation in the mouse neuroblastoma cell line 41A3
Authors: Sartori Claudia , Silvestroni Leopoldo , Stefanini Stefania , Tocco Gabriella Augusti 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAs well as many other hormones and growth factors, insulin is known to influence several processes in the CNS; its specific effects, however, are still poorly understood. Neuroblastoma cell lines represent a useful experimental system for the analysis of the insulin‐specific effect on neurons, in the absence of possible regulatory mechanisms elicited by other neuronal/glial cells and/or soluble factors. The expression and the binding properties of insulin receptors, as well as the insulin effects on both membrane fluidity and cell surface architecture, have been investigated in 41A3 mouse neuroblastoma cells, respectively by radioligand‐binding fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the same cells, insulin‐induced modifications on cytoskeletal organisation also have been studied.Binding studies were performed using 125I‐insulin, while the cationic fluorescent probe trimethylammonium 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene was used for biophysical investigations.The results presented in this paper provide evidence that insulin interacts with 41A3 neuroblastoma cells through a receptor‐mediated mechanism and that, in these cells, insulin binding modifies the cell surface morphology and stimulates endocytosis.
Localisation and expression of metallothionein immunoreactivity in the developing sheep brain
Authors: Holloway Adele F. , Stennard Fiona A. , Dziegielewska Katarzyna M. , Weller Lee , West Adrian K. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMetallothioneins are small cysteine‐rich proteins that bind heavy metals. In higher mammals there are complex families of metallothionein isoforms, which are well characterised at the DNA level but less so in terms of their cellular expression and function. In particular, little is known about the localisation of metallothionein in the developing mammalian brain. In this study, using sheep fetuses, we have shown that metallothionein 1 and 2 isoform expression undergoes shifts in regional and cellular localisation during development of the brain. Metallothionein l and 2 expression is first detected by embryonic days E72–E73 (gestation is 150 days) at the mRNA level and the metallothionein protein is observed in cells of the proliferating ventricular zones. Subsequent expression is detected in radial glial cells, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in several regions of the brain, most notably the cerebral cortex. In the adult brain, metallothionein is expressed in astrocytes but not in oligodendrocytes. Double‐labelling immunohistochemistry using the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, and metallothionein revealed that although there is an overlap in the profiles of the two proteins, there is no simple correlation in their expression. These observations are consistent with metallothionein, under physiological conditions, being regulated mainly by intracellular factors.
Differential effect of taurine and serotonin on the outgrowth from explants or isolated cells of the retina
Authors: Matus P. , Cubillos S. , Lima L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe sulfur amino acid taurine and the indoleamine serotonin increases and decreases, respectively, the outgrowth from goldfish retinal explants. Taurine seems to be acting, at least partially, through an increase in calcium fluxes, and the serotonin‐inhibiting effect appears to be mediated by serotonin1A receptors and cAMP. Isolated cells of postcrush goldfish retina and of retina from 5‐day‐old rats were cultured in the presence of taurine or serotonin. In the goldfish, the classical morphology of postcrush ganglion cells was observed. An antibody against the glycoprotein Thy‐1 labelled three types of cells in the cultures of goldfish retina. The number of cells outgrowing and the length of the main neurite was measured at 5 days in culture in both species. The number of cells presenting neurites was increased in the goldfish retina by the addition of taurine, and decreased by serotonin. However, the length of the neurites was unaffected by the addition of the modulators. In the rat, only a slight decrease in the number of cells outgrowing was observed in the presence of serotonin. The incorporation of [3H]thymidinewas not modified after 5 days in culture in the presence of taurine or serotonin, either in the goldfish or in the rat retina. The antibody Thy 1.1 can label retinal cells of the goldfish invitro, one of them being ganglion cells. The trophic effect exerted by taurine in the postcrush goldfish retina needs the integrity of the tissue favoring the interaction of cells and factors, because outgrowth increases in retinal explants, but not in isolated cells.
Amino acid transport in cerebral microvessels during plasmodium yoelii infection in mice
Authors: Agrawal Anju , Tripathi L.M. , Pandey V.C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractPlasmodium yoelii infected cerebral microvessels of mice had an enhanced time‐dependent, temperature‐sensitive, and saturable uptake of [14C]‐amino acid. viz. leucine, valine and glycine. Metabolic inhibitors caused a noticeable inhibition of amino acid uptake in normal microvessels as compared to infected cerebral microvessels indicating that the uptake of [14C]‐L‐leucine, [14C]‐L‐valine and [14C]‐glycine is an energy dependent process.
Fetuin expression in the dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia of perinatal rats
Authors: Kitchener P.D. , Dziegielewska K.M. , Knott G.W. , Miller J.M. , Nawratil P. , Potter A.E. , Saunders N.R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractFetuin, a fetal plasma glycoprotein, has been shown previously to be present in sub‐populations of neurons in the developing central and peripheral nervous system. To gain a more complete description of the time course of the appearance of fetuin during neurogenesis we have examined fetuin immunoreactivity, and the presence of fetuin mRNA, in the developing rat trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. Fetuin immunoreactivity and its mRNA were first seen at embryonic day 15 in the trigeminal ganglia, and at embryonic day 16 in dorsal root ganglia. In both trigeminal and dorsal root ganglion, fetuin appeared to be present up until around the time of birth, and then again between postnatal days 3 and 16. The results suggest that fetuin first appears at around the time that ganglion cell axons reach their central targets, which is also approximately when the cell‐death period begins. The proportion of ganglion neurons that were fetuin immunoreactive at different ages was inversely related to the amount of cell death that is known to occur in these populations, thus it seems that fetuin is more likely to be associated not with dying cells, but with those that survive the cell‐death period.
Endogenous modulators of brain Na+, K+‐atpase at early postnatal stages of rat development
Authors: Calviño M.A. , Peña C. , de Lores Arnaiz G. Rodriguez 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe presence of endogenous modulators (peaks I and II) of synaptosomal Na+, K+‐ATPase activity from adult rat cerebral cortex was previously suggested. In this study, the presence of such modulators at different postnatal stages of rat development was examined and their effect was tested on Na+, K+‐ATPase activity. Synaptosomal membrane Na+, K+‐ATPase activity was enhanced 20–30% by peak I and inhibited 70–75% by peak II obtained from 4‐, 10‐, 20‐ and 35–40‐day‐old rats. A fraction purified from peak II by anionic exchange HPLC (termed II‐E) highly inhibits enzyme activity and behaves as a ouabain‐like factor. Inhibitory activity of a 4‐day‐old II‐E fraction proved higher than the corresponding fraction obtained from adult rats. Since expression of cerebral Na+, K+‐ATPase has been shown to increase 10‐fold during development whereas peak II concentration was observed to remain constant, and given the higher potency of purified neonatal II‐E fraction, the effect of the latter may be greater at early postnatal stages of development than during adult life. It is suggested that the II‐E fraction, which contains an ouabain‐like factor, may play a role in neuronal development.
The monoclonal antibody 23E9 defines a novel developmentally‐regulated Schwann cell surface antigen
Authors: Wewetzer Konstantin , Archelos Juan J. , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Seilheimer Bernd , Christ Bodo 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe present study describes the identification and partial characterization of a novel Schwann cell surface molecule by means of a monoclonal antibody (23E9). The 23E9 antigen was found in association with Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve but not with sensory neurons and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglion. The expression of the antigen in the sciatic nerve starts after birth, is high around postnatal day 8 and becomes down‐regulated towards the adult stage. This suggests that it may be involved in the induction of myelin formation. On Western blots, the antibody identified two major bands of approximately 27 and 42 kDa. Treatment of cultured Schwann cells with forskolin, an agent known to mimic neuronal contact in vitro, stimulated the up‐regulation of the antigen. This implies that the expression of 23E9 is induced and maintained by axon‐derived signals in vivo.Comparison of the presented data with the literature suggests that we have identified a novel cell surface molecule not previously characterized in the context of Schwann cell biology. To clarify the molecular identity of the antigen and define its physiological relevance, the antibody will be used in future studies for immunoprecipitation and functional in vitro assays.
The structured interview for anorexic and bulimic disorders for DSM-IV and ICD-10 (SIAB-EX): reliability and validity
Authors: Fichter M. , Quadflieg N. 
Published: July 2002

Objective. For reliable and valid assessment and diagnostic categorization of eating disorders, self-report measures have considerable limitations. A semi-structured interview – the SIAB-EX – was developed for a more reliable and valid assessment of eating disorders.Methods. One study (videotapes of 31 inpatients, seven raters) was made to establish inter-rater reliability; in another study with 80 patients the SIAB-EX was compared to another semi-structured interview designed for comparable purposes (EDE). In a third study data was obtained on 377 eating disorder patients seeking treatment to explore discriminant and convergent (construct) validity using the following self-rating scales: EDI, TFEQ, SCL-90, BDI, and the PERI Demoralization Scale.Results. Inter-rater reliability of dichotomous ratings was good with mean kappa values of .81 (current) and .85 (past). Comparison of the SIAB-EX with the EDE generally showed quite similar results and higher intercorrelation of the total scale (.77). There are, however, a number of differences between the two scales, which are discussed in detail. Construct validity of the SIAB-EX was established.Conclusion. Inter-rater reliability was good. Convergent and discriminant (construct) validity of the SIAB-EX was demonstrated. The constructs assessed by the SIAB and its subscales and items are discussed in the context of their correlations with other well-known scales.
The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI
Authors: Lecrubier Y , Sheehan DV , Weiller E , Amorim P , Bonora I , Sheehan K Harnett , Janavs J , Dunbar GC 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) is a short diagnostic structured interview (DSI) developed in France and the United States to explore 17 disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-III-R diagnostic criteria. It is fully structured to allow administration by non-specialized interviewers. In order to keep it short it focuses on the existence of current disorders. For each disorder, one or two screening questions rule out the diagnosis when answered negatively. Probes for severity, disability or medically explained symptoms are not explored symptom-by-symptom. Two joint papers present the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the MINI the validity versus the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (this paper) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R patients (SCID) (joint paper). Three-hundred and forty-six patients (296 psychiatric and 50 non-psychiatric) were administered the MINI and the CIDI ‘gold standard’. Forty two were interviewed by two investigators and 42 interviewed subsequently within two days. Interviewers were trained to use both instruments. The mean duration of the interview was 21 min with the MINI and 92 for corresponding sections of the CIDI. Kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity were good or very good for all diagnoses with the exception of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (kappa = 0.36), agoraphobia (sensitivity = 0.59) and bulimia (kappa = 0.53). Interrater and test-retest reliability were good. The main reasons for discrepancies were identified. The MINI provided reliable DSM-III-R diagnoses within a short time frame, The study permitted improvements in the formulations for GAD and agoraphobia in the current DSM-IV version of the MINI.
Effects of hypocholesterolemic dietary and drug therapy on measures of dysphoric emotions
Authors: Beigel Y , Peleg A , Assali A , Nachshon I 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe question of whether hypocholesterolemic treatment is associated with increased mortality due to suicide, violence and car accidents is controversial and of great importance. We investigated the effect of hypocholesterolemic dietary and drug therapy on dysphoric emotions. Twenty-five hypocholesterolemic men were started on a 3-month dietary modification plan; those who showed unsatisfactory cholesterol reduction were given, in addition, a hypocholesterolemic drug for up to 1 year. Lipid profile and change in dysphoric emotions were measured. During the whole period, a negative correlation was found between cholesterol level and depression. During the dietary period, a significant improvement in depression and guilt with no change in lipid profile was noted. Drug therapy significantly reduced cholesterol levels, with a trend toward increased depression (after 3 months) and a significant increase in aggression and guilt (after 1 year). We conclude that changes in dysphoric emotions occurring during hypocholesterolemic therapy cannot be completely explained by the changes in cholesterol levels.
Conversion disorder: A case report of treatment with the Main Puteri, a Malay shamanastic healing ceremony
Authors: Razali S.M. 
Published: July 2002

SummaryWe report on the case of a 38-year-old Malay housewife diagnosed with conversion disorder. It was believed that ‘evil spirits’ caused her symptoms. The patient was eventually treated by theMain Puteri,a Malay shamanistic healing ceremony, after previous treatments failed. The patient improved on the third day of the performance, which was attributed to the departure of the spirits from her body. This case documents the potential benefits of indigenous psychotherapy.
Carbon Dots Based Nanoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Chen Shuang , Sun Tingting , Zheng Min , Xie Zhigang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted much attention for various applications, while developing COFs with biomedical functions remains a big challenge. Most COFs are built purely from organic molecules, no carbon dots (CDs)‐based COFs have been exploited to date. In this work, diamine molecules p‐phenylenediamine and BODIPY are selected as model monomers to react with aldehyde‐containing CDs and construct nanoscale COFs, named CCOF‐1 and CCOF‐2, respectively. After the modification with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), the formed CCOF‐1@PEG and CCOF‐2@PEG are stable and well‐dispersible in aqueous media. The merits of CCOF‐2@PEG containing favorable physiological stability, good biocompatibility, and strong reactive oxygen species generation ability enable it to act as an excellent photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for tumor treatment. The high PDT therapeutic efficiency for inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor growth was well shown by in vitro and in vivo experiments. This work demonstrates a new strategy for fabricating functional COF‐based platforms for biomedical applications.
Recent Progress in Metal Halide Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Yeom Kyung Mun , Kim So Un , Woo Mun Young , Noh Jun Hong , Im Sang Hyuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal halide perovskite (MHP)‐based tandem solar cells are a promising candidate for use in cost‐effective and high‐performance solar cells that can compete with fossil fuels. To understand the research trends for MHP‐based tandem solar cells, a general introduction to single‐junction and multiple‐junction MHP solar cells and the configuration of tandem devices is provided, along with an overview of the recent progress regarding various MHP‐based tandem cells, including MHP/crystalline silicon, MHP/CuInGaS, MHP/organic photovoltaic, MHP/quantum dot, and all‐perovskite tandem cell. Future research directions for MHP‐based tandem solar cells are also discussed.
Control of the Schottky Barrier and Contact Resistance at Metal–WSe2 Interfaces by Polymeric Doping
Authors: Ngo Tien Dat , Lee Myeongjin , Yang Zheng , Ali Fida , Moon Inyong , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTungsten diselenide (WSe2) is attracting attention because of its superior electronic and optoelectronic properties. In recent years, the number of research works related to the WSe2‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs) has increased dramatically. Nonetheless, the performance of 2D WSe2 is influenced sensitively by metal–semiconductor (MS) interface states, where Fermi‐level pinning is substantial. This research explores Fermi‐level depinning by doping with an n‐type polymer. In this work, spin‐coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as an n‐type dopant for achieving low‐contact‐resistance WSe2 FETs in cases of both high‐work‐function (Pd) and low‐work‐function (In) metals. Interestingly, the increase in the Schottky barrier height resulting from the application of PVA gives rise to Fowler–Nordheim tunneling for a doped Pd‐WSe2 contact. By contrast, only direct tunneling is observed for an In‐WSe2 contact irrespective of whether the dopant is used. The barrier‐height modification after doping reveals that the improvement of the contact resistance is correlated to the enhancement of tunneling current after doping, which is consistent with the measurement results. This work suggests a practical direction for contact engineering of future WSe2‐based electronic devices and expands the current understanding of charge transport at the MS contact when a polymeric n‐type dopant is applied.