bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contradictory responses of the microcirculation to changes in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation pump flow in patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Wei Tzu-Jung , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chan Wing-Sum , Yeh Yi-Chun , Lai Chien-Heng , Chao Anne , Huang Chi-Hsiang , Wang Ming-Jiuh , Cheng Ya-Jung , Chen Yih-Sharng , Ince Can , Lin Tzu-Yu , Yeh Yu-Chang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) pump flow is crucial for maintaining tissue and organ perfusion in patients with cardiogenic shock. Determining the optimal VA-ECMO pump flow rate to maintain adequate tissue perfusion remains a clinical challenge. Poor microcirculation is associated with higher mortality in patients using VA-ECMO. Change in VA-ECMO pump flow is expected to result in a coherent change in microcirculatory blood flow, but this has not been investigated. This study investigated the effect of altering VA-ECMO pump flow rate on sublingual microcirculation. Methods: Sublingual microcirculation images were recorded using an incident dark-field hand held vital microscope at two time points, within 24 h (T1) and at 24-48 h (T2) after VA-ECMO placement. Microcirculation was measured before and 5 minutes after the changes in VA-ECMO pump flow rate at each time point. Events of changing VA-ECMO pump flow rate at T1 and T2 were divided into four groups according to changes in perfused vessel density (PVD): Group A, increased pump flow rate and increased or sustained PVD; Group B, increased pump flow rate and decreased PVD; Group C, decreased pump flow rate and increased or sustained PVD; and Group D, decreased pump flow rate and decreased PVD. The microcirculatory parameters, clinical parameters, and prognosis of each subgroup were recorded. Clinical parameters on 14-day and 28-day survivors and non-survivors were also compared. Results: A total of 25 patients were enrolled, and 38 events with good-quality images at T1 and T2 were categorized. Opposing response of microcirculation was observed in 43.5% of events when VA-ECMO pump flow rate was increased. Microcirculation was decreased in 33.4% of events when VA-ECMO pump flow rate was reduced. No predictive values in microcirculatory or macrocirculatory parameters before changing VA-ECMO pump flow rate were identified. Conclusions: Changes in VA-ECMO pump flow rate may have opposing effects on sublingual microcirculatory functional capillary density. We suggest that tandem measurements of microcirculation before and after altering the VA-ECMO pump flow may help to ensure optimal tissue perfusion.
Predictive factors for successful INTELLiVENT-ASV® use: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Katayama Shinshu , Tonai Ken , Shima Jun , Koyama Kansuke , Nunomiya Shin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: INTELLiVENT-ASV® (I-ASV) is a closed-loop ventilation mode that automatically controls the ventilation settings. Although a number of studies have reported the usefulness of I-ASV, the clinical situations in which it may be useful have not yet been clarified. We aimed to report our initial 3 years of experience using I-ASV, particularly the clinical conditions and the technical and organizational factors associated with its use. Furthermore, we evaluated the usefulness of I-ASV and determined the predictive factors for successful management with I-ASV. Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study included patients who were ventilated using the Hamilton G5® ventilator (Hamilton Medical AG, Rhäzüns, Switzerland) from January 2016 to December 2018. The patients were categorized into the “I-ASV success” group and “I-ASV failure” group (those receiving mechanical ventilation with I-ASV along with any other mode). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with successful I-ASV management.Results : Of the 189 patients, 135 (71.4%) were categorized into the I-ASV success group. In the I-ASV success group, the reasons for ICU admission included post-elective surgery (94.1%), post-emergent surgery (81.5%), and other medical reasons (55.6%). The main reasons for not using I-ASV included strong inspiratory effort and asynchrony. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was an independent predictive factor for successful management with I-ASV, with an odds ratio of 0.92 (95% confidential interval 0.87–0.96, P = 0.0006). The area under the receiver operating curve for the APACHE II score was 0.722 (cut-off: 25). Conclusions : In this study, we found that 71.4% of the fully mechanically ventilated patients could be managed successfully with I-ASV. The APACHE II score was an independent factor that could help predict the successful management of I-ASV. To improve I-ASV management, it is necessary to focus on patient-ventilator interactions.
Morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone due to retraction of anterior teeth: a retrospective study
Authors: Sun Qiannan , Chen Si , Lu Wenhsuan , Zhang Yunfan , Peng Liying , Han Bing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The morphology of the anterior alveolar bone may change after the retraction of incisors in premolar extraction cases in orthodontics.Methods: Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms of 477 subjects in the maxilla and 226 subjects in the mandible who underwent the orthodontic treatment with extraction of 2 premolars in upper or lower arches were included. Alveolar bone width and height in both the maxillary and mandible incisor area were measured at T0 and T1 respectively. By superimposing the T0 and T1 cephalometric tracings, changes of points A and B, and the movement of the incisors were also measured.Results: The alveolar bone width (ABW) showed a significant decrease in both maxilla and mandible (P<0.001) except the labial side of the mandible, which exhibited slight increase, though statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The alveolar bone height (ABH) showed a significant increase in the labial side of maxilla and a significant decrease in the lingual side of maxilla and mandible. A strong positive correlation was observed between incisor movement and position changes of points A and B both in the horizontal and vertical direction. Conclusions: Anterior alveolar bone width and height generally decreased after orthodontic treatment. Incisor retraction led to a significant position changes of points A and B.
Underdiagnoses of Rickettsia in patients hospitalized with acute fever in Indonesia: Observational study results
Authors: Lokida Dewi , Hadi Usman , Lau Chuen-Yen , Kosasih Herman , Liang C. Jason , Rusli Musofa , Sudarmono Pratiwi , Lukman Nurhayati , Laras Kanti , Asdie Rizka Humardewayantie , Murniati Dewi , Susila I Made , Mubin Risna Halim , Karyana Muhammad , Gasem Muhammad Hussein , Alisjahbana Bachti 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Reports of human rickettsial infection in Indonesia are limited. This study sought to characterize the epidemiology of human rickettsioses amongst patients hospitalized with fever at 8 tertiary hospitals in Indonesia.Methods: Acute and convalescent blood from 975 hospitalized non-dengue patients was tested for rickettsia IgM and IgG by ELISA. Specimens from cases with seroconversion or increasing IgM and/or IgG titers were tested for rickettsia IgM and IgG by IFA and rickettsia genomes using primers for Rickettsia (R.) sp, R. typhi, and Orientia tsutsugamushi. Testing was performed retrospectively on stored specimens; results did not inform patient management.Results: Subject tested positive for R. typhi, R. rickettsia, and O. tsutsugamushi IgG antibodies were identified in 269/872 (30.8%), 36/634 (5.7%), and 19/504 (3.8%) of subjects, respectively. For the 103/975 (10.6%) non-dengue patients diagnosed with acute rickettsial infection, presenting symptoms included nausea (72%), headache (69%), vomiting (43%), lethargy (33%), anorexia (32%), arthralgia (30%), myalgia (28%), chills (28%), epigastric pain (28%), and rash (17%). No acute rickettsioses cases were suspected during hospitalization. Discharge diagnoses included typhoid fever (44), dengue fever (20), respiratory infections (7), leptospirosis (6), unknown fever (6), sepsis (5), hepatobiliary infections (3), UTI (3), and others (9). Fatalities occurred in 7 (6.8%) patients, mostly with co-morbidities.Conclusions: Rickettsial infections are consistently misdiagnosed, often as leptospirosis, dengue, or Salmonella typhi infection. Clinicians should include rickettsioses in their differential diagnosis of fever to guide empiric management; laboratories should support evaluation for rickettsial etiologies; and public policy should be implemented to reduce burden of disease.
Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study
Authors: Yuan Dan , Liu Meijing , Jia Peng , Li Yiping , Huang Yuling , Ye Li , Api Laze , Chen Maogang , Yao Liang , Wang Zixin , Liu Honglu , Liang Shu , Yang Shujuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is one of the areas that most severely affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China, and virological failure on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is serious in this area. Analyses of prevalence and determinants of ART failure, the genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV (PLWH) helps improve HIV treatment efficiency and prevent HIV transmission. Methods A total of 5157 PLWH were recruited from 2016 to 2017. The venous blood samples were subjected to RT-PCR, followed by sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene, targeting the protease and reverse transcriptase fragments. HIV-1 diversity was analyzed using the DNAStar software and drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results A total of 2156 (41.81%) PLWH showed virological failure on ART. Males (ORm=1.25), heterosexual behaviors and drug injection (ORm=1.44) and mother to child transmission routes (ORm=1.58), the clinical stage of AIDS (ORm=1.35), having used illicit drugs and shared the needles (1-4 times: ORm=1.34; more than 5 times: ORm=1.52), having ever replaced ART regimen (ORm=1.48) increased the risk of virological failure among PLWH, while higher education lever (ORm=0.77) and ≥12 months on ART (12~36 months: ORm=0.72; ≥36 months: ORm=0.66) was associated with lower likelihood of virological failure. The data revealed that CRF07_BC (1508, 95.62%) were the most common strains, and the drug-resistant rate was 32.10% among PLWH with virological failure in this area. The high frequencies of drug resistance were found in EFV and NVP of NNRTIs, ABC, FTC and 3TC of NRTIs, and TPV/r in PIs. The most common mutations in NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs were K103N/KN (64.69%), M184V/MV/I (36.29%) and Q58E/QE (4.93%), respectively. Conclusion We concluded that surveillance of virological failure, HIV-1 subtypes, and drug resistance to understand HIV-1 epidemiology and guide modification of ART guidelines, and target prevention and control strategies should be formatted to reduce the virological failure and drug resistance to promote viral suppression and prevent HIV-1 transmission.
The impacts of climate variability and human activities on streamflow change at basin scale
Authors: Zolfagharpour Farshid , Saghafian Bahram , Delavar Majid 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Human activities (HA) and/or climate variability (CV) may be two major factors impacting natural flow regime (NFR). This study was conducted following two objectives. The first was to develop scenario-based hydrological modeling (SBHM) to disentangle the natural and human-induced impacts on flow regime. The second objective was to quantify the interaction between temperature and precipitation for the assessment of CV. To do so, six scenarios were defined to evaluate either the impact of HA, CV or both. Four major results were achieved: (1) the interaction between temperature and precipitation was more prominent in basin upstream areas, which reduced the streamflow by 9% in the entire simulation period; (2) when separating the effects of climatic and human factors, SBHM results in comparison with those of the climate elasticity analysis showed no significant differences; (3) HA were the main force driving the streamflow reduction in the study basin; (4) a 5 °C increase in air temperature in the future would lead to an increase of 1.6% in average annual streamflow, and 41% in peak runoff.
Comparison study of artificial intelligence method for short term groundwater level prediction in the northeast Gachsaran unconfined aquifer
Authors: Khedri Akbar , Kalantari Nasrollah , Vadiati Meysam 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Accurate and reliable groundwater level prediction is an important issue in groundwater resource management. The objective of this research is to compare groundwater level prediction of several data-driven models for different prediction periods. Five different data-driven methods are compared to evaluate their performances to predict groundwater levels with 1-, 2- and 3-month lead times. The four quantitative standard statistical performance evaluation measures showed that while all models could provide acceptable predictions of groundwater level, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) model was the most accurate. We developed a set of input combinations based on different levels of groundwater, total precipitation, average temperature and total evapotranspiration at monthly intervals. For each model, the antecedent inputs that included Ht-1, Ht-2, Ht-3, Tt, ETt, Pt, Pt-1 produced the best-fit model for 1-month lead time. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated as 0.99%, 1.05 meters for the train data set, and 95%, 2.3 meters for the test data set, respectively. It was also demonstrated that many combinations the above-mentioned approaches could model groundwater levels for 1 and 2 months ahead appropriately, but for 3 months ahead the performance of the models was not satisfactory.
Romidepsin (FK228), A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor and its Analogues in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Pojani Eftiola , Barlocco Daniela 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Human HDACs represent a group of enzymes able to modify histone and
non-histone proteins, which interact with DNA to generate chromatin. The correlation between irregular
covalent modification of histones and tumor development has been proved over the last decades.
Therefore, HDAC inhibitors are considered as potential drugs in cancer treatment. Romidepsin
(FK228), Belinostat (PXD-101), Vorinostat (SAHA), Panobinostat (LBH-589) and Chidamide were
approved by FDA as novel antitumor agents.

Objective:
The aim of this review article is to highlight the structure-activity relationships of several
FK228 analogues as HDAC inhibitors. In addition, the synergistic effects of a dual HDAC/PI3K
inhibition by some derivatives have been investigated.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, MEDLINE, CAPLUS, SciFinder Scholar database were considered
by selecting articles which fulfilled the objectives of this review, dating from 2015 till present
time.

Results:
HDAC inhibitors have a significant role in cancer pathogenesis and evolution. Class I
HDAC isoforms are expressed in many tumor types, therefore, potent and selective Class I HDAC
inhibitors are of great interest as candidate therapeutic agents with limited side effects. By structurebased
optimization, several FK228 analogues [15 (FK-A5), 22, 23 and 26 (FK-A11)] were identified,
provided with significant activity against Class I HDAC enzymes and dose dependent antitumor
activity. Compound 26 was recognized as an interesting HDAC/PI3K dual inhibitor (IC50 against
p110α of 6.7 μM while for HDAC1 inhibitory activity IC50 was 0.64 nM).

Conclusion:
Romidepsin analogues HDAC inhibitors have been confirmed as useful anticancer
agents. In addition, dual HDAC/PI3K inhibition showed by some of them exhibited synergistic effects
in inducing apoptosis in human cancer cells. Further studies on FK228 analogues may positively
contribute to the availability of potent agents in tumor treatment.
3-Methyladenine Inhibits Procollagen-1 and Fibronectin Expression in Dermal Fibroblasts Independent of Autophagy
Authors: Jung Ji-yong , Choi Hyunjung , Son Eui-Dong , Kim Hyoung-june 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Autophagy is deeply associated with aging, but little is known
about its association with the extracellular matrix (ECM). 3-methyladenine (3-MA) is a
commonly used autophagy inhibitor.

Objective:
We used this compound to investigate the role of autophagy in dermal ECM
protein synthesis.

Methods:
Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) were treated with 3-MA for 24 h,
and mRNA encoding several ECM proteins was analyzed in addition to the protein
expression of procollagen-1 and fibronectin. Several phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)
inhibitors, an additional autophagy inhibitor, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting
autophagy-related genes were additionally used to confirm the role of autophagy in ECM
synthesis.

Results:
Only 3-MA, but not other chemical compounds or autophagy-related genetargeting
siRNA, inhibited the transcription of procollagen-1 and fibronectin-encoding
genes. Further, 3-MA did not affect the activation of regulatory Smads, but inhibited the
interaction between Smad3 with p300. Moreover, 3-MA treatment increased the
phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB); however, CREB
knock-down did not recover 3-MA-induced procollagen-1 and fibronectin
downregulation.

Conclusion:
We reveWe revealed that 3-MA might inhibit procollagen-1 and fibronectin
synthesis in an autophagy-independent manner by interfering with the binding between
Smad3 and p300. Therefore, 3-MA could be a candidate for the treatment of diseases
associated with the accumulation of ECM proteins.aled that 3-MA might inhibit procollagen-1 and fibronectin synthesis in an autophagy-independent manner by interfering with the binding between Smad3 and p300. Therefore, 3-MA could be a candidate for the treatment of diseases associated with the accumulation of ECM proteins.
Effect of Gamma Radiation to Cope with Post-harvest Losses and Nutritional Components in Guava (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Munir Neelma , Tahir Mehreen , Naz Shagufta 
Published: February 2020

Background:Guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit is an important part of our diet and valuable for consumption as a source of healthy nutrients. Due to its perishable nature, it has a high decaying rate with an economic loss if not treated properly with suitable measures.Objectives:During the recent year, radiation technology gained popularity at a global level for treating foods to achieve better quality and long-lasting shelf life. Recent studies focus on the use of radiation treatment for guava to enhance its shelf life.Methods:Treatment of two local guava cultivars Gola and Surahi with gamma radiation at doses of 0.10 kGy, 0.25 kGy and 0.5 kGy and their effect was investigated on the microbial load and nutritional value.Results:Furthermore, the effect of gamma radiation on fruit shelf life, decay percentage, organoleptic qualities, and nutrient parameters including moisture, mineral ash, fat, fibre, protein and carbohydrate content was determined.Conclusion:Hence this study was helpful in optimizing the dose of gamma radiation for our commonly grown guava cultivars to enhance their shelf life.
Effects of Minor Compounds of Edible Oils on Human Health
Authors: Ghodsi Ramin , Nosrati Rahmat 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Oils and fats are the densest sources of food energy among food groups.
Vegetable oils are constituted predominantly of triglycerides. Due to the importance of edible oils in
nutrition, food industry and human health, great attention has been paid to them in recent years.
Some minor bioactive constituents in oils include phospholipids, tocols, sterols, carotenoid, chlorophyll,
phenols, phylokynon and terpenes.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to examine beneficial effects of minor compounds in edible oils on human health.
Results: Minor compounds of edible oils that we use daily can produce remarkable results in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cancer, allergy and central nervous system disorders due to their antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-mutagenic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties, among others.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that the presence of beneficial minor compounds in oils could have significant impact on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, the type of consumed oil can play an important role in human health.
Women in Cardiology: Role of Social Media in Advocacy
Authors: Patel Hena , Volgman Annabelle S. 
Published: February 2020

:
Digital and social media have transformed the field of medicine. They are powerful tools
that academic and non-academic physicians and healthcare providers are using to influence others,
promote ideas, obtain knowledge, disseminate research and communicate with others. The history
of advocacy for women in medicine and the role of social media in influencing the choice of
women to choose Cardiology as a career and its role in advocacy for Women in Cardiology (WIC)
have been reviewed. It has changed the way cardiologists learn, educate, and interact with each
other. Social media has proven especially useful in advocating for WIC, but whether it can help
improve the numbers of female doctors going into Cardiology remains to be seen. In addition to encouraging
women to pursue cardiology, social media has drawn attention to key women’s rights
issues affecting practicing female cardiologists.
Optimization of Pectin Extraction from Sweet Potato Peels Using Citric Acid and its Emulsifying Properties
Authors: Hamidon Nurul Hazirah , Abang Zaidel Dayang Norulfairuz , Mohd Jusoh Yanti Maslina 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Pectin is a natural polysaccharide that has been used widely as a stabilizer
in food emulsion system.

Objective:
This study aimed to optimize the yield of pectin extracted from sweet potato residue and
investigate its emulsifying properties.

Methods:
Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to investigate the pectin extracted
from sweet potato peels using citric acid as the extracting solvent. Investigation of the effect
of different extraction conditions namely temperature (°C), time (min) and solution pH on pectin
yield (%) were conducted. A Box-Benhken design with three levels of variation was used to optimize
the extraction conditions.

Results:
The optimal conditions determined were at temperature 76°C, time 64 min and pH 1.2 with 65.2% yield of pectin. The degree of esterification (DE) of the sweet potato pectin was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The pectin is a high-methoxyl pectin with DE of 58.5%. Emulsifying properties of sweet potato pectin was investigated by measuring the zeta-potential, particle size and creaming index with addition of 0.4 and 1.0 wt % pectin to the emulsion.

Conclusion:
Extraction using citric acid could improve the pectin yield. Improved emulsion stability
was observed with the addition of the sweet potato pectin.