bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient and Bright Inverted Top‐Emitting InP Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Introducing a Hole‐Suppressing Interlayer
Authors: Lee Taesoo , Hahm Donghyo , Kim Kyunghwan , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Changhee , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInP quantum dots (QDs) based light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates as a substitute for the environmentally toxic Cd‐based QLEDs for future displays. However, the device architecture of InP QLEDs is almost the same as the Cd‐based QLEDs even though the properties of Cd‐based and InP‐based QDs are quite different in their energy levels and shapes. Thus, it is highly required to develop a proper device structure for InP‐based QLEDs to improve the efficiency and stability. In this work, efficient, bright, and stable InP/ZnSeS QLEDs based on an inverted top emission QLED (ITQLED) structure by newly introducing a “hole‐suppressing interlayer” are demonstrated. The green‐emitting ITQLEDs with the hole‐suppressing interlayer exhibit a maximum current efficiency of 15.1–21.6 cd A−1 and the maximum luminance of 17 400–38 800 cd m−2, which outperform the recently reported InP‐based QLEDs. The operational lifetime is also increased when the hole‐suppressing interlayer is adopted. These superb QLED performances originate not only from the enhanced light‐outcoupling by the top emission structure but also from the improved electron–hole balance by introducing a hole‐suppressing interlayer which can control the hole injection into QDs.
Investigation of Binary Metal (Ni, Co) Selenite as Li‐Ion Battery Anode Materials and Their Conversion Reaction Mechanism with Li Ions
Authors: Park Gi Dae , Yang Sung Jin , Lee Jong‐Heun , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHighly efficient anode materials with novel compositions for Li‐ion batteries are actively being researched. Multicomponent metal selenite is a promising candidate, capable of improving their electrochemical performance through the formation of metal oxide and selenide heterostructure nanocrystals during the first cycle. Here, the binary nickel–cobalt selenite derived from Ni–Co Prussian blue analogs (PBA) is chosen as the first target material: the Ni–Co PBA are selenized and partially oxidized in sequence, yielding (NiCo)SeO3 phase with a small amount of metal selenate. The conversion mechanism of (NiCo)SeO3 for Li‐ion storage is studied by cyclic voltammetry, in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and ex situ transmission electron microscopy. The reversible reaction mechanism of (NiCo)SeO3 with the Li ions is described by the reaction: NiO + CoO + xSeO2 + (1 ‐ x)Se + (4x + 6)Li+ + (4x + 6)e− ↔ Ni + Co + (2x + 2)Li2O + Li2Se. To enhance electrochemical properties, polydopamine‐derived carbon is uniformly coated on (NiCo)SeO3, resulting in excellent cycling and rate performances for Li‐ion storage. The discharge capacity of C‐coated (NiCo)SeO3 is 680 mAh g−1 for the 1500th cycle when cycled at a current density of 5 A g−1.
Utilization of blockchain for mitigating the distributed denial of service attacks
Authors: Singh Rajeev , Tanwar Sudeep , Sharma Teek Parval 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDistributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks cause devastating effects on the web services and hence harm the digital availability. The DDoS attackers use vulnerabilities exposed through new networking technologies like wireless, mobile, IoT, and associated protocol weaknesses for bringing down the networks and servers. Owing to availability of easily available tools and botnet armies, the DDoS attack incidences in the internet world are increasing day by day. Several techniques have been proposed by the researchers against DDoS attacks. This paper concentrates on the utilization of one of the latest and most promising technologies, that is, blockchain technology against DDoS attacks. The blockchain technology is rapidly finding use in various applications ranging from financial to gaming; this is because of its stable, decentralized, and secure architecture. The DDoS solutions based on blockchain are still in infancy and some solutions provide only architectural details without bothering about the implementation details. This paper presents a study of the blockchain‐based DDoS solutions. It also compares the existing blockchain‐based techniques against DDoS attacks and analyses them. This paper facilitates the development of future research proposals in this emerging area of blockchain technology.
A privacy‐preserving Blockchain with fine‐grained access control
Authors: Adams Carlisle 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a simple, efficient, and easy‐to‐use mechanism to add privacy and fine‐grained access control features to a traditional Blockchain. It uses standard cryptographic algorithms and techniques, along with a novel key derivation algorithm and a fuzzy extractor component (that derives a cryptographic key from a biometric), to make access control functionality very simple for nonexpert users. Such a Blockchain would be suitable for the storage of participant data postings in long‐term–isolated environments.
Optimization of an Extrusion Cooking Process to Increase Formation of Resistant Starch from Corn Starch with Addition of Citric Acid
Authors: Neder‐Suárez David , Amaya‐Guerra Carlos Abel , Pérez‐Carrillo Esther , Quintero‐Ramos Armando , Mendez‐Zamora Gerardo , Sánchez‐Madrigal Miguel Ángel , Barba‐Dávila Bertha Alicia , Lardizábal‐Gutiérrez Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEffects of extrusion cooking process (ECP) with citric acid (CA) addition on the physicochemical changes and resistant starch (RS) formation in native corn starch (NCS) are evaluated. NCS at different feed moisture levels (18–32%) and CA concentrations (0–10.3%), are subject ECP under constant conditions of screw speed (233 rpm) and die temperature (127 °C). The obtained extrudates are stored at 4 °C for 120 h and then at room temperature. The water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), RS content, peak temperature (Tp), ∆H, peak viscosity (PV), setback viscosity (SV), FT‐IR, X‐ray analysis and microstructural (SEM) properties are evaluated. RS content and WSI increased with decreasing moisture content (MC), WAI, PV and SV shows that increases in MC caused an increase, while ∆H and Tp decreases with decreasing MC. SEM shows that ECP with CA destroys the granular structure of NCS generated amorphous structures owing to gelatinization and dextrinization. FT‐IR analysis shows that extruded samples with CA cause starch hydrolysis, increasing the intensity of bands 994 and 1016 cm−1 in comparison to NCS. The highest RS yield (1.15 g/100 g) is obtained at 18% moisture content and 5.2% of CA: an increase of 71% with respect to NCS.
Experimental investigations on the effects of the steel rebar corrosion at structural level
Authors: Imperatore Stefania , Rinaldi Zila , Spagnuolo Simone 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper presents some of the results obtained in the framework of a wide research program funded by the Italian Ministry of Instruction and Research, on the corrosion effects on existing structures. Both the aspects related to ultimate and serviceability states are analyzed. In particular, in the first case, the study is devoted to the definition of constitutive relationships of the steel rebars subjected to the corrosion. Many studies are available in literature on this topic, mainly with reference to the tensile behavior; the compressive one is generally neglected. The compressive and buckling behavior of corroded steel bar is discussed in this article with reference to experimental test results, and the importance of accounting for this peculiar aspect is motivated. Finally, with reference to serviceability states and based on tensile tests on reinforced concrete ties, the influence of corrosion on bond transfer length and crack pattern, due to low corrosion amount, not affecting the local and global strength, is clearly shown.
A Metric Space with LCOE Isolines for Research Guidance in wind and hydrokinetic energy systems
Authors: Garcia‐Sanz Mario 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a new Metric Space to guide the design of advanced wind energy systems and hydrokinetic energy converters such as tidal, ocean current and riverine turbines. The Metric Space can analyse farms that combine different or identical turbines and stand‐alone turbines. The first metric (M1) of the space considers the efficiency of the turbines in the farm, which is also proportional to the specific power per swept area at a given wind/water velocity (W/m2). The second metric (M2) describes the specific rotor area per unit of mass of the turbines (m2/kg). Both metrics depend on the primary design characteristics of the turbines, such as swept area, system size and mass, materials and efficiency, and are independent at first from external characteristics, such as atmospheric and ocean site conditions, cost of materials and economic factors. Combining both metrics, and for a given set of external characteristics, the resulting Metric Space M2/M1 displays the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) standards as isolines. This graphical representation provides a quick understanding of the cost and state of the technology. It also offers a practical guidance to choose the research tasks and strategy to design advanced wind and hydrokinetic energy systems. The paper applies the new Metric Space to several case studies, including large and small onshore wind turbines, floating and bottom‐fixed offshore wind turbines, downwind rotors, multi‐rotor and hybrid systems, airborne wind energy systems, wind farms and tidal energy converters.
Primate Infectious Disease Ecology: Insights and Future Directions at the Human-Macaque Interface
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Sueur Cédric , Huffman Michael A. , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobal population expansion has increased interactions and conflicts between humans and nonhuman primates over shared ecological space and resources. Such ecological overlap, along with our shared evolutionary histories, makes human-nonhuman primate interfaces hot spots for the acquisition and transmission of parasites. In this chapter, we bring to light the importance of human-macaque interfaces in particular as hot spots for infectious disease ecological and epidemiological assessments. We first outline the significance and broader objectives behind research related to the subfield of primate infectious disease ecology and epidemiology. We then reveal how members of the genusMacaca, being among the most socioecologically flexible and invasive of all primate taxa, live under varying degrees of overlap with humans in anthropogenic landscapes. Thus, human-macaque interfaces may favor the bidirectional exchange of parasites. We then review studies that have isolated various types of parasites at human-macaque interfaces, using information from the Global Mammal Parasite Database (GMPD:http://www.mammalparasites.org/). Finally, we elaborate on avenues through which the implementation of both novel conceptual frameworks (e.g., Coupled Systems, One Health) and quantitative network-based approaches (e.g., social and bipartite networks, agent-based modeling) may potentially address some of the critical gaps in our current knowledge of infectious disease ecology at human-primate interfaces.
Tibetan Macaque Social Style: Covariant and Quasi-independent Evolution
Authors: Balasubramaniam Krishna N. , Ogawa Hideshi , Li Jin-Hua , Ionica Consuel , Berman Carol M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary origins of group social structure is vital to understanding how individuals deal with the trade-offs of group living. In this chapter, we review our previous work related to social style in Tibetan macaques and across macaque species, focusing on whether, and the extent to which, indicators of social style covary with one another and with phylogenetic closeness as previously hypothesized and/or evolved as quasi-independent traits. Covariation is consistent with a phylogenetic model in which social style traits are structurally linked and coevolve over time, whereas the quasi-independence argument is more consistent with some degree of independent evolution of traits in response to current ecological conditions. We describe how a mixture of both despotic and tolerant social style traits in Tibetan macaques provides evidence for quasi-independent adaptive evolution. Nevertheless, evidence for covariation is discernible across higher organizational scales such as between some species and lineages of macaques. Findings from these studies suggest that aspects of macaque social style appear to be shaped both by underlying influences of ancestry on linked traits and by quasi-independent, adaptive responses by animals to variation in current conditions. This view appears to be consistent with the concept of social structure as the product of social reaction norms. We end by discussing avenues of future research on Tibetan macaque social structure, including male social style traits and the roles of paternal relatedness, infectious disease risk, intraspecific variation, and the phylogeography of ancestral species.
Digital Heritage
Authors: Wang Xinyuan , Lasaponara Rosa , Luo Lei , Chen Fulong , Wan Hong , Yang Ruixia , Zhen Jing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Natural and cultural heritage, the common wealth of human beings, are keys to human understanding of the evolution of our planet and social development. The protection and conservation of natural and cultural heritage is the common responsibility of all mankind. Spatial information technology provides a new applied theory and tool for the protection and utilization of natural and cultural heritage. This chapter is divided into four parts. The first part elaborates the connotation of digital heritage, the differences and connections between digital heritage and physical heritage, the technology of digital heritage formation and the research objectives and content of digital heritage. Parts 2 and 3 discuss the contents and methods of digital natural heritage and cultural heritage, respectively, and some practical case studies. In the fourth part, the future development trends of digital heritage research in protection and utilization are described, as well as six research directions that deserve attention.
Soft bootstrap and effective field theories
Authors: Low Ian , Yin Zhewei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The soft bootstrap program aims to construct consistent effective field theories (EFT’s) by recursively imposing the desired soft limit on tree-level scattering amplitudes through on-shell recursion relations. A prime example is the leading two-derivative opera­ tor in the EFT of SU(N) x SU(N)/SU(N) nonlinear sigma model (NLSM), where 𝒪(p2 ) amplitudes with an arbitrary multiplicity of external particles can be soft-bootstrapped. We extend the program to 𝒪(p4) operators and introduce the “soft blocks,” which are the seeds for soft bootstrap. The number of soft blocks coincides with the number of independent operators at a given order in the derivative expansion and the incalculable Wilson coefficient emerges naturally. We also uncover a new soft-constructible EFT involving the “multi-trace” operator at the leading two-derivative order, which is matched to SO(N + 1) /SO(N) NLSM. In addition, we consider Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) terms, the existence of which, or the lack thereof, depends on the number of flavors in the EFT, after a novel application of Bose symmetry. Remarkably, we find agreements with group­ theoretic considerations on the existence of WZW terms in SU(N) NLSM for N ≥ 3 and the absence of WZW terms in SO(N) NLSM for N ≠ 5.
3-D DC Resistivity Forward Modeling Using the Multi-resolution Grid
Authors: Gao Jingyu , Smirnov Maxim , Smirnova Maria , Egbert Gary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe implemented a novel multi-resolution grid approach to direct current resistivity (DCR) modeling in 3-D. The multi-resolution grid was initially developed to solve the electromagnetic forward problem and helped to improve the modeling efficiency. In the DCR forward problem, the distribution of the electric potentials in the subsurface is estimated. We consider finite-difference staggered grid discretization, which requires fine grid resolution to accurately model electric potentials around the current electrodes and complex model geometries near the surface. Since the potential variations attenuate with depth, the grid resolution can be decreased correspondingly. The conventional staggered grid fixes the horizontal grid resolution that extends to all layers. This leads to over-discretization and therefore unnecessary high computational costs (time and memory). The non-conformal multi-resolution grid allows the refinement or roughening for the grid’s horizontal resolution with depth, resulting in a substantial reduction of the degrees of freedom, and subsequently, computational requirements. In our implementation, the coefficient matrix maintains its symmetry, which is beneficial for using the iterative solvers and solving the adjoint problem in inversion. Through comparison with the staggered grid, we have found that the multi-resolution grid can significantly improve the modeling efficiency without compromising the accuracy. Therefore, the multi-resolution grid allows modeling with finer horizontal resolutions at lower computational costs, which is essential for accurate representation of the complex structures. Consequently, the inversion based on our modeling approach will be more efficient and accurate.
Potential impact of diabetes prevention on mortality and future burden of dementia and disability: a modelling study
Authors: Bandosz Piotr , Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Guzman-Castillo Maria , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , Collins Brendan , Whittaker Hannah , Shipley Martin J. , Capewell Simon , Brunner Eric J. , O’Flaherty Martin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of dementia. We estimated the potential impact of trends in diabetes prevalence upon mortality and the future burden of dementia and disability in England and Wales.

Methods
We used a probabilistic multi-state, open cohort Markov model to integrate observed trends in diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dementia to forecast the occurrence of disability and dementia up to the year 2060. Model input data were taken from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Office for National Statistics vital data and published effect estimates for health-state transition probabilities. The baseline scenario corresponded to recent trends in obesity: a 26% increase in the number of people with diabetes by 2060. This scenario was evaluated against three alternative projected trends in diabetes: increases of 49%, 20% and 7%.

Results
Our results suggest that changes in the trend in diabetes prevalence will lead to changes in mortality and incidence of dementia and disability, which will become visible after 10–15 years. If the relative prevalence of diabetes increases 49% by 2060, expected additional deaths would be approximately 255,000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 236,000–272,200), with 85,900 (71,500–101,600) cumulative additional cases of dementia and 104,900 (85,900–125,400) additional cases of disability. With a smaller relative increase in diabetes prevalence (7% increase by 2060), we estimated 222,200 (205,700–237,300) fewer deaths, and 77,000 (64,300–90,800) and 93,300 (76,700–111,400) fewer additional cases of dementia and disability, respectively, than the baseline case of a 26% increase in diabetes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Reducing the burden of diabetes could result in substantial reductions in the incidence of dementia and disability over the medium to long term.
Constraints in thermodynamic extremal principles for non-local dissipative processes
Authors: Hackl Klaus , Fischer Franz Dieter , Svoboda Jiri 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhenomena treated by non-equilibrium thermodynamics can be very effectively described by thermodynamic variational principles. The remarkable advantage of such an approach consists in possibility to account for an arbitrary number of constraints among state or kinetic variables stemming, e.g., from conservation laws or balance equations. As shown in the current paper, the variational principles can provide original evolution equations for the state variables implicitly respecting the constraints. Moreover, the variational approach allows formulating the problem directly in discrete state variables and deriving their evolution equations without the necessity to solve partial differential equations. The variational approach makes it also possible to use different kinetic variables in formulation of dissipation and dissipation function.
Strength properties and structure of CuCrZr alloy subjected to low-temperature KOBO extrusion and heat treatment
Authors: Ostachowski Paweł , Bochniak Włodzimierz , Łagoda Marek , Ziółkiewicz Stanisław 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKOBO extrusion of metals and alloys strongly activates the point defect generation processes, as a result of which they reach a concentration exceeding the equilibrium level by many orders of magnitude. This leads to significant acceleration of diffusion phenomena which in heat-treatable alloys may cause disturbance of the thermodynamic equilibrium between the solid solution decomposition and dissolution of precipitates. In this work, measurements of mechanical and electrical properties and structural observations Cu1Cr0.1Zr alloy subjected to low-temperature KOBO extrusion at different stages of multi-variant heat treatment were conducted. In addition, the geometry of the extruded alloy’s flow zone was analyzed and the obtained results made it possible to assess the effectiveness of experimental procedures, including product formation with high extrusion ratio λ, aimed at achieving of high and thermally stable functional properties of the material.
Long‐Term Quality of Life After Total Gastrectomy Versus Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy
Authors: Jezerskyte E. , Saadeh L. M. , Hagens E. R. C. , Sprangers M. A. G. , Noteboom L. , van Laarhoven H. W. M. , Eshuis W. J. , van Berge Henegouwen M. I. , Gisbertz S. S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is scarce evidence on whether a total gastrectomy or an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is preferred for gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancers regarding effects on morbidity, pathology, survival and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL). The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in long‐term HR‐QoL in patients undergoing total gastrectomy versus Ivor Lewis esophagectomy in a tertiary referral center.MethodsPatients with a follow‐up of >1 year after a total gastrectomy or an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for GEJ/cardia carcinoma completed the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and EORTC QLQ‐OG25 questionnaires. ‘Problems with eating,’ ‘reflux,’ and ‘nausea and vomiting’ were the primary HR‐QoL endpoints. The secondary endpoints were the remaining HR‐QoL domains, postoperative complications and pathology results.ResultsThirty patients after gastrectomy and 71 after esophagectomy were included. Mean age was 63 years. Median follow‐up was 2 years (range 12–84 months). Patients after gastrectomy reported less ‘choking when swallowing’ and ‘coughing’ (β = − 5.952, 95% CI − 9.437 to − 2.466; β = − 13.084, 95% CI − 18.525 to − 7.643). More lymph nodes were resected in esophagectomy group (p = 0.008). No difference was found in number of positive lymph nodes, R0 resection or postoperative complications.ConclusionsAfter a follow‐up of >1 year ‘choking when swallowing’ and ‘coughing’ were less common after a total gastrectomy. No differences were found in postoperative complications or radicality of surgery. Based on this study, no general preference can be given to either of the procedures for GEJ cancer. These results support shared decision making when a choice between the two treatment options is possible.