bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying hotspots cities vulnerable to climate change in Pakistan under CMIP5 climate projections
Authors: Ali Shaukat , Kiani Rida S. , Reboita Michelle S. , Dan Li , Eum Hyung‐Il , Cho Jaepil , Dairaku K. , Khan Firdos , Shreshta Madan L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, an ensemble of statistically downscaled 14 multi‐global climate models for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios was employed to implement a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts over Pakistan in order to identify the future hotspots cities in terms of changes in temperature and precipitation. The analyses focused on the minimum, maximum and average temperature and precipitation in three time‐slices: 2006–2035, 2041–2070, and 2071–2,100. Average temperature is projected to increase by 2.6°C under RCP4.5 while 5.1°C under RCP8.5 by the end of this century with the north side of Pakistan (mainly over North Pakistan—NP, Monsoon Region—MR and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa—KP) presenting the highest changes in the temperatures. Wetter conditions are expected in the future over Pakistan, mainly over the MR. In general, air temperature and precipitation showed linear positive correlation over Pakistan in both RCP scenarios. Hotspot cities where extreme climate, that is, the hottest, dryer and wetter, exists were also identified. Hyderabad will likely become the hottest city of Pakistan by end century with the highest average temperature reaching 29.9°C under RCP4.5 and 32.0°C under RCP8.5 followed by Jacobabad, Bahawalnagar, and Bahawalpur. Most of the hottest cities are detected in areas on the southern side of Pakistan. On the other hand, the wettest cities, Murree, Balakot and Muzaffarabad, are located in the MR. Dry conditions are likely to be prevalent in Dalbandin followed by Khanpur and Jacobabad under both RCPs. The uncertainties of the projections were also evaluated. For precipitation, for example, there are a large number of outliers indicating the high variability/uncertainties of the projections. These uncertainties are clearer when the probability density functions are analysed for individual sub‐domains in Pakistan.
Delay of Fetal Anatomy Ultrasound Assessment Based on Maternal Body Mass Index Does Not Reduce the Rate of Inadequate Visualization
Authors: Khaikin Yannay , Bishop Kelly A. , Munawar Saleha , Pudwell Jessica , Davies Gregory A. L. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo determine whether delay of initial anatomy ultrasound based on the maternal body mass index (BMI) reduces the rate of inadequate visualization compared to standard timing at 180/7 to 196/7 weeks.MethodsA retrospective study of singleton anatomy assessments was conducted at a tertiary care center in the 2‐year period before (A, 2012–2014) and after (B, 2014–2016) protocol initiation. Assessments in period B were scheduled on the basis of the BMI in the first trimester: lower than 25 kg/m2, 180/7 to 196/7 weeks; 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, 190/7 to 206/7 weeks; 30 to 34.9 kg/m2, 200/7 to 216/7 weeks; 35 to 39.9 kg/m2, 210/7 to 226/7 weeks; and 40 kg/m2 or higher, 220/7 to 236/7 weeks. In period A, assessments were scheduled between 180/7 and 196/7 weeks. The rate of inadequate visualization and repeated assessments in periods A and B were compared. Multivariable logistic regression, per‐protocol, and BMI subgroup analyses were completed.ResultsIn total, 3491 pregnancies in period A and 3672 in period B were included. In period B, 74% were scheduled per protocol; however, this rate decreased for higher‐BMI categories (52% for BMI ≥40 kg/m2). The inadequate visualization rate was slightly higher in period B versus A (16.9% versus 15.0%; P = .03) and exceeded 35% for a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher, with or without delay. After adjusting for maternal age and fetal presentation, period B had small increased odds of inadequate visualization versus period A (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.38). Repeated assessment rates were similar in periods B and A (14.0% versus 13.1%; P = .25).ConclusionsIn pregnancies with obesity, a protocol delaying the initial assessment beyond 196/7 weeks based on the maternal BMI does not reduce the rate of inadequate visualization.
Discharge by Noon: A Checklist Initiative by the Otolaryngology Service
Authors: Tamaki Akina , Cabrera Claudia , Hoppe Kathryn , Maronian Nicole 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisHospital length of stay (LOS) and throughput are critical issues for hospitals. Late hospital discharges contribute to bottlenecks in the emergency department, overcrowd surgical and procedural areas, and limit patient tertiary‐care center transfers. Our goal was to increase discharge by noon (DCBN) percentage from 8% to over 50% in a sustainable manner.Study DesignRetrospective Review.MethodsWe used a multiple time series design and a quality improvement approach. An interdisciplinary improvement team (IIT) identified the main causes contributing to late discharge and then developed and implemented multiple interventions to increase the percentage of DCBN. Admissions and discharge information were obtained for all patients in the otolaryngology service (January 2014–September 2017). The intervention was implemented in July 2015. The primary outcome was the percentage of DCBN per month. Secondary outcomes were LOS, case‐mix index (CMI), patient experience, and 30‐day readmissions. We analyzed the impact of our intervention and outcomes at the preintervention, peri‐intervention, and postintervention periods.ResultsOne thousand four hundred sixty‐four admissions to the otolaryngology service were included. Throughout the intervention period, the percentage of patients DCBN increased. Analysis of the intervention showed significant DCBN change of 15% in the first versus 42% in the last 12‐months (P < .001), and shorter LOS (−1.4 days, P < .001) and lower CMI (−0.6, P < .001) in the DCBN group. Patient satisfaction scores improved by 4% (P < .05), and no difference in 30‐day readmission rates (P = .29) was shown.ConclusionsThis multifaceted intervention improved early discharge and patient experience. Our checklist of key behaviors could be applied throughout other services and hospitals with reproducible success.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E76–E82, 2021
Long‐term outcomes of children with extracutaneous juvenile xanthogranulomas in Japan
Authors: Maeda Miho , Morimoto Akira , Shioda Yoko , Asano Takeshi , Koga Yuhki , Nakazawa Yozo , Kanegane Hirokazu , Kudo Kazuko , Ohga Shouichi , Ishii Eiichi ,   Histiocytosis Study Group of the Japanese Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is the most common non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children. The mortality and morbidity of JXG with extracutaneous lesions remain unclear.MethodsData of patients aged < 18 years who were diagnosed with JXG between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively collected through a nationwide survey.ResultsTwenty patients (11 male and nine female) had extracutaneous lesions. The median observation time was 10 years (range, 0‐17). Six patients presented with symptoms at birth. The median age at diagnosis was 8.5 months (range, 0 month‐13 years). Fifteen patients underwent treatment for JXG, including chemotherapy (n = 11), and five did not receive treatment. All patients except one survived; 17 were disease‐free and two survived with disease. One newborn‐onset patient with liver, spleen, and bone marrow involvement died of the disease. Permanent sequelae included central diabetes insipidus, growth hormone deficiency, and panhypopituitarism detected at diagnosis in three, one, and two patients, respectively. Four patients had visual impairment (optic nerve compression and intraocular invasion in two each), three had epilepsy, one had mental retardation, and one had a skin scar. Eight patients who had intracranial lesions were older at diagnosis, and had a higher frequency of disease‐related comorbidities and permanent sequelae than those without intracranial involvement.ConclusionsPatients with extracutaneous JXG had good outcomes, although those with intracranial lesions had serious permanent sequelae. Effective and safe treatment regimens for patients with intracranial JXG need to be developed.
A single supratentorial high‐grade neuroepithelial tumor with two distinct BCOR mutations, exceptionally long complete remission and survival
Authors: Bremer Juliane , Kottke Raimund , Johann Pascal D. , von Hoff Katja , Brazzola Pierluigi , Grotzer Michael A. , Kool Marcel , Rushing Elisabeth , Gerber Nicolas U. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHere, we present a patient with high‐grade neuroepithelial tumors with mutations in the BCL6 corepressor BCOR (HGNET‐BCOR), a rare, highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis. The patient underwent gross total tumor resection (GTR), high‐dose chemotherapy, and, after local relapse, GTR, proton radiation, and chemotherapy. After a 7.5 year‐long complete remission, the tumor recurred locally, was treated by GTR, and responded to temozolomide treatment. In addition to an internal tandem duplication in BCOR common to the majority of HGNET‐BCOR cases, molecular analysis revealed a second BCOR mutation in this tumor: a frame shift mutation. The combination of these mutations was associated with relatively low BCOR expression compared to other HGNET‐BCOR cases.
In Depth Quantitative Proteomic and Transcriptomic Characterization of Human Adipocyte Differentiation using the SGBS Cell Line
Authors: Kalkhof Stefan , Büttner Petra , Krieg Laura , Wabitsch Martin , Küntzel Carolin , Friebe Daniela , Landgraf Kathrin , Hanschkow Martha , Schubert Kristin , Kiess Wieland , Krohn Knut , Blüher Matthias , von Bergen Martin , Körner Antje 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost information on molecular processes accompanying and driving adipocyte differentiation are derived from rodent models. Here, a comprehensive analysis of combined transcriptomic and proteomic alterations during adipocyte differentiation in Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) cells is provided. The SGBS cells are a well‐established and the most widely applied cell model to study human adipocyte differentiation and cell biology. However, the molecular alterations during human adipocyte differentiation in SGBS cells have not yet been described in a combined analysis of proteome and transcriptome. Here a global proteomic and transcriptomic data set comprising relative quantification of a total of 14372 mRNA transcripts and 2641 intracellular and secreted proteins is presented. 1153 proteins and 313 genes are determined as differentially expressed between preadipocytes and the fully differentiated cells including adiponectin, lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, and apolipoprotein E and many other proteins from the fatty acid synthesis, amino acid synthesis as well as glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. Preadipocyte markers, such as latexin, GATA6, and CXCL6, are found to be significantly downregulated at the protein and transcript level. This multi‐omics data set provides a deep molecular profile of adipogenesis and will support future studies to understand adipocyte function.
The GPS for surgery: A user‐centered evaluation of a navigation system for laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Penza Veronica , Soriero Domenico , Barresi Giacinto , Pertile Davide , Scabini Stefano , Mattos Leonardo S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnsafe surgical care has emerged as a significant public health concern, motivated by a high percentage of major complications happening during surgery, attributed to surgeons' skills and experience, and determined to be preventable.MethodsThis article presents APSurg, an Abdominal Positioning Surgical system designed to improve awareness and safety during laparoscopic surgery. The proposed system behaves like a GPS, offering an additional dynamic virtual reality view of the surgical field.ResultsThis work presents an evaluation study in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, and usability. Tests were conducted performing a localization task on an abdomen phantom in a simulated scenario. Results show a navigation accuracy below 5 mm. The task execution time was reduced by a 15% and the performed incision dimension was reduced by a 46%, with respect to a standard setup. A custom questionnaire showed a significant positive impact in exploiting APSurg during the surgical task execution.
Sodium sulfate resistance of alkali/slag activated silico–manganese fume‐based composites
Authors: Nasir Muhammad , Johari Megat Azmi Megat , Maslehuddin Mohammed , Yusuf Moruf Olalekan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe durability of alkali‐activated silico–manganese fume (SMF)‐based mortar specimens was investigated by immersing them in 5% Na2SO4 solution and water (controlled environment) for up to 40 weeks. The effect of blast furnace slag (BFS) content [R = BFS/(BFS + SMF) = 0 and 0.3] and alkali concentration (4 and 10 M NaOHaq) was studied. Visual appearance, variation in alkalinity, mass loss, compressive strength, and microstructural changes were recorded. The maximum strength of 49.4 MPa was noted in BFS‐blended high‐alkaline binder system while the ultimate residual strength and mass loss were 88.8% and − 2.4%, respectively. The high sulfate‐resistance of this binder is attributed to the dense matrix resulting from the formation of C─S─H, K─A─S─H, and C─Mn─H. BFS‐blended mild‐alkaline system exhibited incomplete precursor dissolution thereby gaining a moderate strength of 39.6 MPa with the residual strength and mass loss of 74.1%and − 4.4%, respectively. The decomposition of the specimens on exposure to Na2SO4 may be ascribed to high pH differential from the mobility of Na+, SO42−, and OH− in and out of the mortar leading to formation of additional gypsum and calcite. The BFS‐free system displayed excellent stability under sulfate environment owing to the dearth of Ca in SMF. This was notably aided by increased precipitation of quartz together with the formation of degradation products and despite that still attained low strength of about 20 MPa. It is postulated that Ca/Si, Ca/Mn, Si/Mn, Ca/K, and Si/K ratios are the controlling factors influencing the sulfate‐resistance of the developed binders.
Enclosure and non-existence theorems for area stationary currents and currents with mean curvature vector
Authors: Henkemeyer Patrick 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe discuss certain geometric properties for area stationary currents and currents with integrable mean curvature, so called “enclosure theorems”. As a consequence, we obtain non-existence results for currents with connected support. Finally, we extend these results to currents in submanifolds and state a non-existence result for stationary currents in spheres.
A New Method for Imaging Seismic Quiescence and Its Application to the Mw = 8.3 Kurile Islands Earthquake on 15 November 2006
Authors: Katsumata Kei , Zhuang Jiancang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, a new method referred to as the Poisson probability map (PMAP) method is presented for identifying and visualizing seismic quiescence. With the PMAP, theP-value is defined as the probability that consecutive earthquakes occur according to a homogeneous Poisson process: the smaller theP-value, the less frequently the longer time interval is observed, i.e. the more significant the seismic quiescence. The PMAP method was applied to the sequence which preceded the Kurile Islands earthquake that occurred on 15 November 2006 [Mw = 8.3 and the centroid = (154.33 °E, 46.71 °N)]. The seismic quiescence is identified by a smallP-value of 9.0 × 10–5that was found to start in 1990.1, which lasted for 15.4 years and ended in 2005.5 within a circular area centered at (153.8 °E, 47.1 °N) and with a radius of 26 km. This seismic quiescence has not previously been recognized using any other method.
Association Between Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Calibre and Body Figure: A Preoperative Tool to Assess Thin‐Diameter Nerves in Thyroidectomy
Authors: Wu Kun‐Ta , Chan Yi‐Chia , Chou Fong‐Fu , Wu Yi‐Ju , Chi Shun‐Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInadvertent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a major complication of thyroidectomy. This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative clinical parameters and RLN size prediction. Total thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy data were collected between January 2014 and April 2017. Routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerves was performed, while intraoperative findings (nerve diameter, thyroid gland weight, intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) use, and signal recording) and demographic data were collected for analysis. A total of 848 patients with 1357 RLNs at risk were enrolled in this study. RLN diameter was thinner in females, those with body height <160 cm, and those with a BMI <25 (all p < 0.001). RLN diameter was directly proportional to age, body weight, height, and BMI. RLN diameter was thinner (1.71 mm vs. 1.55 mm, p = 0.039) and branched nerve incidence was higher (18.5% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.09) in the postoperative RLN injury group. Branched nerves were more frequently encountered in female patients (female vs. male: 28.8% vs. 18.7%, p = 0.004). The risk of RLN palsy in intraoperative IONM loss patients was 27 times higher compared to that in IONM normal patients (1.55% vs. 30%, p < 0.001). Thinner nerves did not yield a higher rate of IONM signal loss. Thinner nerves and higher palsy rates could be anticipated in females, younger age groups, those with shorter stature, and those with low BMI. RLN diameter was not associated with the rate of IONM signal loss.
Least-Squares Padé approximation of parametric and stochastic Helmholtz maps
Authors: Bonizzoni Francesca , Nobile Fabio , Perugia Ilaria , Pradovera Davide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present work deals with rational model order reduction methods based on the single-point Least-Square (LS) Padé approximation techniques introduced in Bonizzoni et al. (ESAIM Math. Model. Numer. Anal., 52(4), 1261–1284 2018, Math. Comput. 89, 1229–1257 2020). Algorithmical aspects concerning the construction of rational LS-Padé approximants are described. In particular, we show that the computation of the Padé denominator can be carried out efficiently by solving an eigenvalue-eigenvector problem involving a Gramian matrix. The LS-Padé techniques are employed to approximate the frequency response map associated with two parametric time-harmonic acoustic wave problems, namely a transmission-reflection problem and a scattering problem. In both cases, we establish the meromorphy of the frequency response map. The Helmholtz equation with stochastic wavenumber is also considered. In particular, for Lipschitz functionals of the solution and their corresponding probability measures, we establish weak convergence of the measure derived from the LS-Padé approximant to the true one. 2D numerical tests are performed, which confirm the effectiveness of the approximation methods.
Status quo of adoption of precision agriculture enabling technologies in Swiss plant production
Authors: Groher Tanja , Heitkämper Katja , Walter Achim , Liebisch Frank , Umstätter Christina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the state of application of Precision Agricultural enabling Technology (PAT) in Swiss farms as an example for small-scale, highly mechanised Central European agriculture. Furthermore, correlations between farm and farmers’ characteristics and technology adoption were evaluated. Being part of a comprehensive and representative study assessing the state of mechanisation and automation in Swiss agriculture, this paper focuses on the adoption of Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) and activities in which Electronic Measuring Systems (EMS) are used. The adoption rate of DAS was markedly higher compared to EMS in all agricultural enterprises. The adoption rate was highest for high-value enterprise vegetables and surprisingly low for the high-value enterprise grapes. The results of a binary logistic regression showed that farmers located in the mountain zone were less likely to adopt PAT compared to farmers in the valley. Small farm size correlated with low adoption rates and vice versa showing adoption happens country-specific in the upper farm size distribution. The results show the potential for novel technologies to be adopted by farmers of high-value products. Furthermore, technologies have been partially used to reduce physical workload but not yet to evaluate crop or management performance to support decisions. However, automatic collection and forwarding of data is a fundamental step towards Smart Farming realizing its full potential in the future.
Effects of gE/gI deletions on the miRNA expression of PRV-infected PK-15 cells
Authors: Liu Xiao , Zhou Yuancheng , Luo Yuan , Chen Yanxi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPseudorabies virus (PRV) belongs to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily of Herpesviridae. PRV-induced pseudorabies is a highly contagious disease that has caused huge economic losses to the global swine industry. The PRV gE/gI gene deletion vaccine strain (Fa ΔgE/gI strain) constructed from the PRV Fa wild-type strain was shown to have a protective effect against infection. However, the interaction between PRV gE/gI genes and host miRNA needs further exploration, and little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of non-coding RNAs during PRV infection. miRNAs play a key regulatory role in viral infection and immune responses, so we analyzed the differential expression of miRNAs induced by the PRV Fa ΔgE/gI strain and Fa wild-type strain in the PK15 cell line. High-throughput sequencing reads were aligned to known Sus scrofa pre-miRNAs in the miRBase database. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using the miRGen 3.0 database, then filtered miRNA target genes were subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/ Proteins (STRING) analysis. Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR was performed to confirm the accuracy of high-throughput sequencing data. In total, 387, 472, and 490 annotated and novel mature miRNAs were identified from PRV Fa ΔgE/gI strain-infected, Fa wild-type strain-infected, and non-infected PK-15 cells, respectively. Five PRV-encoded miRNAs were also identified. GO analysis showed that target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in PRV Fa ΔgE/gI strain-infected and Fa wild-type strain-infected PK-15 cells were mainly involved in biological regulation and metabolic processes. STRING analysis showed that immune-related target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway were interrelated. This is the first report of the small RNA transcriptome in PRV mutant wild-type strain-infected and Fa ΔgE/gI strain-infected porcine cell lines. Our findings will contribute to the prevention and treatment of PRV mutant strains.