bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantification of six flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes using matrix solid‐phase dispersion via high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector
Authors: Chen HongXia , Zhou Hao , Tao Ran , Li WenJun , Wang Cheng Zhang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient matrix solid‐phase dispersion via high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was developed to analyze the following flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes: fisetin, fustin, butein, sulfuretin, garbanzol, and quercetin. The optimum conditions for the procedure was the use of Zeolite Socony Mobil‐twenty‐two molecular sieves as the adsorbent, sample:adsorbent ratio of 2:5, grinding for 3 min, and use of 8 mL of 70% methanol:water as the elution solvent. The method was validated for linearity, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity for all six flavonoids. The intra‐ and interday precisions over a range of concentrations were below 3.0% and limits of quantification for the six flavonoids were 0.16 and 0.50 μg/mL. Compared with other published methods, the proposed method was more effective, rapid, and required less reagents. Therefore, the combination of matrix solid‐phase dispersion and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector showed excellent reproducibility and simplicity and could be suitable for the extraction and quantification of multiple flavonoids in R. verniciflua Stokes samples.
Dissolved organic carbon sorption dynamics in tidal marsh soils
Authors: Pinsonneault Andrew J. , Neale Patrick J. , Tzortziou Maria , Canuel Elizabeth A. , Pondell Christina R. , Morrissette Hannah , Lefcheck Jonathan S. , Megonigal James Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCoastal wetlands are significant sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to adjacent waters and, consequently, exert a strong influence on the quantity and quality of DOC exported to the coastal oceans. Our understanding of the factors that control the exchange of DOC at the tidal marsh‐estuarine interface, however, remains limited. We hypothesize that tidal marsh soils act as a regulator and that their physical characteristics, such as organic carbon content and mineral phase composition, are key controls on DOC exchange between soil surfaces and both surface and interstitial waters. To test this hypothesis, we generated traditional Langmuir sorption isotherms using anaerobic batch incubations of four tidal wetland soils, representing a range of soil organic carbon content (1.77% ± 0.12% to 36.2% ± 2.2%) and salinity regimes (freshwater to mixoeuhaline), across four salinity treatments. Results suggest that the maximum soil sorption capacity and DOC binding affinity increase and decrease with greater salinity, respectively, though the enhancement of maximum soil sorption capacity is somewhat mitigated in soils richer in poorly crystalline iron minerals. Initial natively sorbed organic carbon showed a significant positive correlation with soil specific surface area and K showed a moderate yet significant positive correlation with poorly crystalline iron mineral content. Taken together, these results point to a strong mineralogical control on tidal marsh sorption dynamics and a complex physicochemical response of those dynamics to salinity in tidal marsh soils.
A note on the non‐forking‐instances topology
Authors: Shami Ziv 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe non‐forking‐instances topology (NFI topology) is a topology on the Stone space of a theory T that depends on a reduct of T. This topology has been used in [6] to describe the set of universal transducers for (invariants sets that translate forking‐open sets in to forking‐open sets in T). In this paper we show that in contrast to the stable case, the NFI topology need not be invariant over parameters in but a weak version of this holds for any simple T. We also note that for the lovely pair expansions, of theories with the weak non‐finite cover property (wnfcp), the topology is invariant over in .
Word problems and ceers
Authors: Delle Rose Valentino , San Mauro Luca , Sorbi Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis note addresses the issue as to which ceers can be realized by word problems of computably enumerable (or, simply, c.e.) structures (such as c.e. semigroups, groups, and rings), where being realized means to fall in the same reducibility degree (under the notion of reducibility for equivalence relations usually called “computable reducibility”), or in the same isomorphism type (with the isomorphism induced by a computable function), or in the same strong isomorphism type (with the isomorphism induced by a computable permutation of the natural numbers). We observe, e.g., that every ceer is isomorphic to the word problem of some c.e. semigroup, but (answering a question of Gao and Gerdes) not every ceer is in the same reducibility degree of the word problem of some finitely presented semigroup, nor is it in the same reducibility degree of some non‐periodic semigroup. We also show that the ceer provided by provable equivalence of Peano Arithmetic is in the same strong isomorphism type as the word problem of some non‐commutative and non‐Boolean c.e. ring.
Design the SBS Elastomer Electrospun Fibermat/Polyester Composite Textiles: Morphology Effect on Waterproof‐Breathable Performance
Authors: Zhang Teng , Xu Zhaobao , Zhao Jinchao , Huang Leping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWaterproof and moisture permeable microporous membranes are a critical part of the personal protective equipments. In this work, the fluoride‐free triblock copolymer poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) (SBS) fibermats are prepared via electrospinning, and deposited directly on polyester to fabricate the waterproof‐breathable textiles. Focused on the fiber morphology effects, the beaded fibers formed during the electrospinning process have negative effect on waterproof and windproof performance of the SBS electrospun fibermat/polyester composites textiles, but have no obvious impact on moisture permeability. The uniform fibermats obtain hydrostatic pressure of 63.9 kPa, water vapor transmission rate of 4.54 kg m−2 d−1, and air permeability of 5.69 mm s−1. Further research shows the SBS electrospun fibermats orientated by stretching demonstrate well tensile fatigue resistance while retaining good waterproof‐breathable performance under the extreme condition of polyester substrate destroyed. Moreover, the composite textiles obtain excellent wrinkle resistance, which can be ascribed to the excellent flexibility of the SBS electrospun fibermats.
Prediction of the Age at Onset of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3 with Machine Learning
Authors: Peng Linliu , Chen Zhao , Chen Tiankai , Lei Lijing , Long Zhe , Liu Mingjie , Deng Qi , Yuan Hongyu , Zou Guangdong , Wan Linlin , Wang Chunrong , Peng Huirong , Shi Yuting , Wang Puzhi , Peng Yun , Wang Shang , He Lang , Xie Yue , Tang Zhichao , Wan Na , Gong Yiqing , Hou Xuan , Shen Lu , Xia Kun , Li Jinchen , Chen Chao , Zhang Zuping , Qiu Rong , Tang Beisha , Jiang Hong 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn polyglutamine (polyQ) disease, the investigation of the prediction of a patient's age at onset (AAO) facilitates the development of disease‐modifying intervention and underpins the delay of disease onset and progression. Few polyQ disease studies have evaluated AAO predicted by machine‐learning algorithms and linear regression methods.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a machine‐learning model for AAO prediction in the largest spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) population from mainland China.MethodsIn this observational study, we introduced an innovative approach by systematically comparing the performance of 7 machine‐learning algorithms with linear regression to explore AAO prediction in SCA3/MJD using CAG expansions of 10 polyQ‐related genes, sex, and parental origin.ResultsSimilar prediction performance of testing set and training set in each models were identified and few overfitting of training data was observed. Overall, the machine‐learning‐based XGBoost model exhibited the most favorable performance in AAO prediction over the traditional linear regression method and other 6 machine‐learning algorithms for the training set and testing set. The optimal XGBoost model achieved mean absolute error, root mean square error, and median absolute error of 5.56, 7.13, 4.15 years, respectively, in testing set 1, with mean absolute error (4.78 years), root mean square error (6.31 years), and median absolute error (3.59 years) in testing set 2.ConclusionMachine‐learning algorithms can be used to predict AAO in patients with SCA3/MJD. The optimal XGBoost algorithm can provide a good reference for the establishment and optimization of prediction models for SCA3/MJD or other polyQ diseases. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Microbial Metabolites, Postbiotics, and Intestinal Epithelial Function
Authors: Mayorgas Aida , Dotti Isabella , Salas Azucena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic inflammatory disorders are rising worldwide. The implication of the microbiota in persistent inflammation has been studied for years, but a direct causal relationship has not yet been stablished. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) form a protective barrier against detrimental luminal components. Indeed, a decrease in epithelial integrity may trigger a severe inflammatory reaction due to the infiltration of potentially harmful molecules and microorganisms. Bacterial imbalance, more commonly known as dysbiosis, occurs during inflammation and several strategies have been proposed to counteract this condition. Probiotics have been widely used to positively alter the inherited microbial composition and recover a eubiotic status. Nevertheless, probiotics are thought to impair the return of the indigenous microbiome, and to aggravate inflammation in compromised patients. In contrast, postbiotics—bacterial‐free metabolites secreted by probiotic strains—have been proposed as a better and safer strategy. Recent scientific studies that have demonstrated the immunomodulatory properties and epithelial protection of postbiotics are summarized in this review, with an emphasis on the available methods that are currently in use to better understand the role of postbiotics in health and nutrition.
Non‐24‐hour sleep‐wake disorder successfully treated with the combination of ramelteon and suvorexant in a case of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Iwata Masaaki , Kaneko Koichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon‐24‐hour sleep‐wake disorder (N24SWD) is often observed in the visually impaired and those who isolate indoors. Melatonin receptor agonists may be used for treatment, but there is currently no evidence that they are effective in patients without visual impairment.CaseWe report a case of a 23‐year‐old woman who withdrew from her social life owing to autism spectrum disorder and experienced an unusual sleep rhythm. She presented with N24SWD. The N24SWD cycle averaged 25.6 days but was extended to 42 days using ramelteon. However, this was not enough. We prescribed the addition of suvorexant and the sleep cycle returned to normal.ConclusionN24SWD is a disease that seriously impairs social life and productivity. We propose a possible treatment strategy for N24SWD using ramelteon and suvorexant.
The outcomes of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia in children: Results from the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group AML‐05R study
Authors: Moritake Hiroshi , Tanaka Shiro , Miyamura Takako , Nakayama Hideki , Shiba Norio , Shimada Akira , Terui Kiminori , Yuza Yuki , Koh Katsuyoshi , Goto Hiroaki , Kakuda Harumi , Saito Akiko , Hasegawa Daisuke , Iwamoto Shotaro , Taga Takashi , Adachi Souichi , Tomizawa Daisuke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has improved with the efficacy of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) as a second‐line therapy and improvements in supportive care following anthracycline‐ and cytarabine‐based chemotherapy; however, the outcomes of children with relapsed AML still remain unsatisfactory.ProcedureIn order to identify prognostic factors and improve their prognosis, we analyzed 111 patients who relapsed after treatment with the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG) AML‐05 protocol and who were registered in the retrospective JPLSG AML‐05R study.ResultsThe 5‐year overall survival rate was 36.1%. The major determinant of survival was duration from the diagnosis to relapse. The mean duration in the nonsurviving group (10.1 ± 4.1 months) was shorter than that in the surviving group (16.3 ± 8.3 months) (P < .01). Moreover, achieving a second complete remission (CR2) prior to HCT was associated with a good prognosis (P < .01). Etoposide, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone (ECM)‐ or fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (FLAG)‐based regimens were therefore recommended for reinduction therapy (P < .01). A genetic analysis also revealed the prognostic significance of FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)‐internal tandem duplication as a poor prognostic marker (P = .04) and core binding factor‐AML, t(8;21), and inv(16) as good prognostic markers (P < .01).ConclusionsAchieving a CR2 prior to HCT is important in order to improve the prognosis of relapsed pediatric AML. Recent molecular targeted therapies, such as FLT3 inhibitors, may contribute to overcome their prognoses. Larger prospective investigations are necessary to establish individualized treatment strategies for patients with relapsed childhood AML.
Achieving directional migration of hindered phenols in polymer‐based damping hybrid via the construction of alternating layers
Authors: Xu Kangming , Hu Qiaoman , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun , Zhang Fengshun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThough hindered phenol/polymer‐based hybrids show great potential in damping fields, the application of the materials is limited due to the irregular migration and self‐aggregation of hindered phenol. To overcome this problem, 8‐layered polyurethane (TPU)‐polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) with varying phenol content in the polyurethane layer was fabricated using coextrusion. The distinct multilayer microstructure was first observed through the scanning electron microscopy. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulation revealed a directional migration of the hindered phenol to the interface without self‐aggregation, existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between TPU (or PVAc) and hindered phenol, promoted diffusion of TPU and PVAc layers and reduced free volume. Then, the structure evolution was associated to the enhanced damping properties of the multilayer hybrids by the combination of the results of dynamic mechanical analysis.
Spatially resolved electrical modelling of cracks and other inhomogeneities in crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Kikelj Miha , Lipovšek Benjamin , Bokalič Matevž , Topič Marko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe developed a fully scalable quasi‐SPICE approach for electrical modelling of stress‐induced inhomogeneities in crystalline silicon solar cells, based on damage detected by electroluminescence imaging. We present a model of active and inactive microcracks, highlight their effects on the current‐voltage characteristic, and validate the model on a number of experimental cases. The generalisation of our model to a complexly damaged solar cell shows excellent agreement with the measurements, with only 0.12% estimation error of the power loss of the complexly damaged cell. The ability to accurately model fundamental stress induced inhomogeneities, and their effects on cell level is crucial to estimating long‐term performance degradation and energy yield of installed photovoltaic modules throughout their lifetime. The developed scalable model paves a path to intricate, statistically supported modelling for power loss prediction and mitigation in solar cells, photovoltaic modules, and photovoltaic arrays caused by mechanically induced inhomogeneities.
Defoliation‐induced compensatory transpiration is compromised in SUT4‐RNAi Populus
Authors: Harding Scott A. , Frost Christopher J. , Tsai Chung‐Jui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe tonoplast sucrose transporter PtaSUT4 is well expressed in leaves of Populus tremula × Populus alba (INRA 717‐IB4), and its inhibition by RNA‐interference (RNAi) alters leaf sucrose homeostasis. Whether sucrose partitioning between the vacuole and the cytosol is modulated by PtaSUT4 for specific physiological outcomes in Populus remains unexplored. In this study, partial defoliation was used to elicit compensatory increases in photosynthesis and transpiration by the remaining leaves in greenhouse‐grown poplar. Water uptake, leaf gas exchange properties, growth and nonstructural carbohydrate abundance in source and sink organs were then compared between wild‐type and SUT4‐RNAi lines. Partial defoliation increased maximum photosynthesis rates similarly in all lines. There was no indication that source leaf sugar levels changed differently between wild‐type and RNAi plants following partial defoliation. Sink levels of hexose (glucose and fructose) and starch decreased similarly in all lines. Interestingly, plant water uptake after partial defoliation was not as well sustained in RNAi as in wild‐type plants. While the compensatory increase in photosynthesis was similar between genotypes, leaf transpiration increased less robustly in RNAi than wild‐type plants. SUT4‐RNAi and wild‐type source leaves differed constitutively in their bulk modulus of elasticity, a measure of leaf turgor, and storage water capacitance. The data demonstrate that reduced sucrose partitioning due to PtaSUT4‐RNAi altered turgor control and compensatory transpiration capacity more strikingly than photosynthesis and sugar export. The results are consistent with the interpretation that SUT4 may control vacuolar turgor independently of sink carbon provisioning.
Urine Loss during a Volleyball Competition: Comparison between Amateur and Professional Athletes
Authors: da Silva Pereira Franciele , Haupenthal Alessandro , Da Roza Thuane Huyer , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon , Virtuoso Janeisa Franck 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundHigh‐impact sports can cause dysfunction to the female pelvic floor that leads to the occurrence of stress urinary incontinence.ObjectiveTo identify and compare the presence of urine loss between professional and amateur female volleyball athletes during a competition.MethodsA cross‐sectional and comparative study was conducted on 75 volleyball athletes, including 30 amateurs and 45 professional athletes. Female athletes 18 years of age or older were included. Urine loss during the competition was evaluated by self‐report and measured by a pad test (in grams). Day‐to‐day urinary incontinence was identified using the Urinary Distress Inventory 6 (UDI‐6). Before the beginning of the game, the instruments were applied by individual interview for data collection and the pad was positioned. After the game, the pad was removed and weighed again. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsHalf of the professional (50.0%) and amateur (55.6%) athletes have symptoms of urine loss during a competition. Objective urine loss was higher among professional athletes (4.5 ± 1.4 g) compared to amateur athletes (3.8 ± 1.4 g). There was a significant difference (P < .001) in objective urine loss between symptomatic (mean = 5.41, standard deviation [SD] = 0.8) and asymptomatic professional athletes (mean = 3.40, SD = 1.3).ConclusionSelf‐report of urinary incontinence during the competition was common among professional and amateur athletes. However, objective urine loss was significantly higher among professional athletes.
Photoinitiated polymerization of methacrylates comprising phenyl moieties
Authors: Sanay Berran , Strehmel Bernd , Strehmel Veronika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvestigation of photopolymerization kinetics of 4‐(4‐methacryloyloxyphenyl)‐butan‐2‐one (1) in comparison with 2‐phenoxyethyl methacrylate (2) and phenyl methacrylate (3) using a UV‐LED emitting at 395 nm shows significantly faster polymerization of 1 compared to both 2 and 3 at 40°C. Vitrification affects photopolymerization kinetics of all methacrylates under investigation. Interestingly, quantitative final conversion is observed during photoinitiated polymerization of 1 and 2 whereas 3 shows limited conversion at about 80%. Furthermore, higher degree of polymerization is obtained by photoinitiated polymerization of 1 compared to 2 and 3. This shows that the 3‐oxobutyl substituent at the phenyl ring of 1 significantly affects both polymerization kinetics and final conversion of the photoinitiated polymerization. Moreover, an additional higher molecular weight fraction is observed in case of polymerization of 1 at 85°C that is above the glass transition temperature of the polymer formed during photoinitiated polymerization. As a thermal polymerization at 85°C in the absence of light results in a high molecular weight polymer as well, an additional thermal process may be discussed as reason for the higher molecular weight polymer fraction in case of the photopolymer made at 85°C.
Conservation Policy: Helping or hindering science to unlock properties of plants and fungi
Authors: Williams China , Walsh Alexandra , Vaglica Valentina , Sirakaya Aysegül , da Silva Manuela , Dalle Gemedo , Winterton Deborah , Annecke Wendy , Smith Paul , Kersey Paul J. , Way Michael , Antonelli Alexandre , Cowell Carly 
Published: September 2020

Societal Impact StatementBiodiversity loss is happening at an unprecedented rate. Understanding and protecting biodiversity has never been more urgent, and scientific research is key to this. Fair and transparent access and benefit sharing policies enable research to take place, whilst supporting sustainable livelihoods of communities and ensuring benefits are shared. Current national legislation has been unevenly implemented and, in this article, we recommend frameworks be developed to standardize the provision and use of genetic resources for non‐commercial research.Summary

Access to genetic resources for scientific research is vital to support and promote the conservation and sustainable use of the world's biodiversity. The regulatory framework for research is stipulated by Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) legislation at a national level, but other elements – legal transparency, respect, cooperation, and trust – are essential for its effective and sustainable implementation. Despite the intention of this “ABS regime” to protect natural resources and associated knowledge from misappropriation, several studies have questioned whether national regulatory approaches have led to constraints on research and conservation.

We analyse evidence and provide case studies on how these regulations are affecting research. We find that the number of Internationally Recognized Certificates of Compliance (IRCC) of the Nagoya Protocol (NP), the key compliance mechanism of the ABS system, doubled in the six months prior to February 2020 and analyse why this may be the case.

Additionally, a survey of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) Authorities in 28 countries, found differences in the way the Registered Scientific Institute scheme is interpreted and used to facilitate scientific research.

Our results suggest while the regulatory systems are perceived as hindering research and conservation, regulatory mechanisms enabling responsible research are becoming increasingly functional. We argue that functional and transparent systems are needed for both regulators and researchers, to ensure that non‐commercial research can continue smoothly, and present conclusions to support research for the benefit of all countries and partners involved, through appropriate frameworks for implementation and reporting.