bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new corner boundary condition for the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme
Authors: Guo Wenqiang , Liu Senyun , Hou Guoxiang , Yu Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe implementation of the boundary condition at the corner points is very important. The discontinuities at the corner points propagate in the computational domain and have a great impact on the surrounding points and the global solution in the evolution process, resulting in the poor precision or the unphysical oscillatory behavior. However, it had been a largely under explored domain in the discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) methods. In the last few years, the DUGKS is proposed as a mesoscopic finite volume method with great development potential. In order to improve accuracy and efficiency, this paper proposes a new corner boundary condition for the DUGKS, which is deduced strictly in theory and available to satisfy conservation relations. The new corner boundary condition is validated by three numerical tests: the flow past a square cylinder (external flow), lid‐driven cavity flow (internal flow) and flow past the AUV (nonright angle corner). The results show that the convergence efficiency and accuracy of the DUGKS are improved by the new corner boundary condition.
Data mining combined with experiments to validate CEP55 as a prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Kang , Zhu Xiaojian , Luo Chen , Bu Fanqin , Zhu Jinfeng , Zhu Zhengming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionColorectal cancer (CRC) is a common tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Current specific diagnosis regarding CRC remains complicated and costly, and specific diagnostic biomarkers are lacking.MethodsTo find potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC, we screened and analyzed many CRC sequencing data by The Cancer Genome Atlas Program and Gene Expression Omnibus, and validated that CEP55 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for CRC by molecular cytological experiments and immunohistochemistry, among others.ResultsWe found that CEP55 is upregulated in CRC tissues and tumor cells and can promote CRC proliferation and metastasis by activating the p53/p21 axis and that CEP55 mutations in tumor patients result in worse overall survival and disease‐free survival time. Besides, we also found that genes, such as CDK1, CCNB1, NEK2, KIF14, CDCA5, and RFC3 were upregulated in tumors, and their mutations would affect the prognosis of CRC patients, but these results await for more experimental evidence.ConclusionOur study validates CEP55 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC, and we also provide multiple genes and potential molecular mechanisms that may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC.
Disentangling social support mobilization via online neighborhood networks
Authors: De Meulenaere Jonas , Baccarne Bastiaan , Courtois Cédric , Ponnet Koen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes and tests a theoretical model to investigate the mechanism underpinning local social support exchange via online neighborhood networks (ONNs). We drew on community psychology, social support, and social media literature and used a survey conducted in the Dutch‐speaking part of Belgium among 561 ONN users (nfemales = 409; 72.9%) between 18 and 82 years old (Mage = 43.73;SDage = 15.37). We found that engaging in online neighboring behaviors was associated to both online and offline neighborhood sense of community. Subsequently, these provide access to perceived local social support and the intention to mobilize local social support online. The latter was predominantly explained via the path along online sense of community. ONNs facilitate local bridging behavior, connecting otherwise distinct local networks and ties. At the same time, online neighboring behaviors provide the normative context that supports the exchange process.
ACVR2B antagonism as a countermeasure to multi‐organ perturbations in metastatic colorectal cancer cachexia
Authors: Huot Joshua R. , Pin Fabrizio , Narasimhan Ashok , Novinger Leah J. , Keith Austin S. , Zimmers Teresa A. , Willis Monte S. , Bonetto Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is often accompanied by the development of liver metastases, as well as cachexia, a multi‐organ co‐morbidity primarily affecting skeletal (SKM) and cardiac muscles. Activin receptor type 2B (ACVR2B) signalling is known to cause SKM wasting, and its inhibition restores SKM mass and prolongs survival in cancer. Using a recently generated mouse model, here we tested whether ACVR2B blockade could preserve multiple organs, including skeletal and cardiac muscle, in the presence of metastatic CRC.MethodsNSG male mice (8 weeks old) were injected intrasplenically with HCT116 human CRC cells (mHCT116), while sham‐operated animals received saline (n = 5–10 per group). Sham and tumour‐bearing mice received weekly injections of ACVR2B/Fc, a synthetic peptide inhibitor of ACVR2B.ResultsmHCT116 hosts displayed losses in fat mass ( − 79%, P < 0.0001), bone mass ( − 39%, P < 0.05), and SKM mass (quadriceps: − 22%, P < 0.001), in line with reduced muscle cross‐sectional area ( − 24%, P < 0.01) and plantarflexion force ( − 28%, P < 0.05). Further, despite only moderately affected heart size, cardiac function was significantly impaired (ejection fraction %: − 16%, P < 0.0001; fractional shortening %: − 25%, P < 0.0001) in the mHCT116 hosts. Conversely, ACVR2B/Fc preserved fat mass ( + 238%, P < 0.001), bone mass ( + 124%, P < 0.0001), SKM mass (quadriceps: + 31%, P < 0.0001), size (cross‐sectional area: + 43%, P < 0.0001) and plantarflexion force ( + 28%, P < 0.05) in tumour hosts. Cardiac function was also completely preserved in tumour hosts receiving ACVR2B/Fc (ejection fraction %: + 19%, P < 0.0001), despite no effect on heart size. RNA sequencing analysis of heart muscle revealed rescue of genes related to cardiac development and contraction in tumour hosts treated with ACVR2B/Fc.ConclusionsOur metastatic CRC model recapitulates the multi‐systemic derangements of cachexia by displaying loss of fat, bone, and SKM along with decreased muscle strength in mHCT116 hosts. Additionally, with evidence of severe cardiac dysfunction, our data support the development of cardiac cachexia in the occurrence of metastatic CRC. Notably, ACVR2B antagonism preserved adipose tissue, bone, and SKM, whereas muscle and cardiac functions were completely maintained upon treatment. Altogether, our observations implicate ACVR2B signalling in the development of multi‐organ perturbations in metastatic CRC and further dictate that ACVR2B represents a promising therapeutic target to preserve body composition and functionality in cancer cachexia.
Morphology of the male and female reproductive tracts of virgin and mated Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Dantas Priscylla Costa , Santos Helen Cristina Pinto , Bozdoğan Hakan , Serrão José Eduardo , Carvalho Geraldo Andrade 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPredatory insects have reproductive organs rich in complex changes that may be responsible for the success of their population growth. The species Chrysoperla externa is a predator used in biological control programs in Latin America. However, there is no morphological data about the morphology of the reproductive tract in this insect. This study describes the morphology of the reproductive organs of virgin and mated C. externa male and female. The male has a pair of testes yellow in color and five pairs of accessory glands closely associated with the seminal vesicles. The testis follicles are twisted filled with cysts in different developmental stages. The pair of ovaries in the females shows asymmetry with 9–11 ovarioles per ovary with oocytes in different developmental stages and a spherical spermatheca. Virgin and mated males have no differences in the size of the testes, seminal vesicle, and accessory glands. C. externa females show morphological changes in the reproductive tract according to sexual maturation, which is triggered by mating. The ovary activation occurs after female mating. The ovaries are of merotistic polytrophic type. The spermathecal reservoir is lined by a flattened epithelium with a thin cuticular intima and associated with well‐developed muscles. It is concluded that the reproductive tract of C. externa is similar in virgin and mated males and females. Egg production is activated only after mating and the development of reproductive tract structures is faster in mated females.
Association between transient appetite loss and vitamin B1 deficiency in elderly patients with suspected deficiency
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Ryu Yoshinori , Hattori Shuzo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is scarce evidence associating vitamin B1 levels and appetite loss duration in elderly patients with suspected B1 deficiency. We aimed to investigate this association in elderly hospitalized patients with suspected vitamin B1 deficiency in rural Japan.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated 309 elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) admitted to one rural Hospital between April 2017 and March 2019. We collected data on vitamin B1 level, age, sex, body mass index, albumin levels, area of residence, long‐term care, dependent conditions, activities of daily living, Charlson comorbidity index, and appetite loss from the patients' electronic medical records. Vitamin B1 deficiency was defined as serum vitamin B1 levels <20 μg/dL. Data were analyzed using the Mann‐Whitney U, Student's t, and chi‐square tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression, to examine the association between vitamin B1 deficiency and appetite loss.ResultsEighty‐eight (28.5%) patients had vitamin B1 deficiency. In multivariable logistic regression, appetite loss (for both < 1 and > 1 week) before admission to the hospital showed a significant association with vitamin B1 deficiency (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =10.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.16‐22.00, P < .001; and AOR = 5.77, 95% CI: 2.88‐11.50, P < .001, respectively).ConclusionsAppetite loss is associated with vitamin B1 deficiency in elderly Japanese patients living in rural areas. Therefore, physicians should be aware of the possibility of vitamin B1 deficiency in elderly patients with appetite loss and focus on early intervention.
Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: Clinical outcomes, inflammatory marker kinetics, and safety
Authors: Hill Joshua A. , Menon Manoj P. , Dhanireddy Shireesha , Wurfel Mark M. , Green Margaret , Jain Rupali , Chan Jeannie D. , Huang Joanne , Bethune Danika , Turtle Cameron , Johnston Christine , Xie Hu , Leisenring Wendy M. , Nina Kim H. , Cheng Guang‐Shing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) due to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes substantial morbidity. Tocilizumab, an interleukin‐6 receptor antagonist, might improve outcomes by mitigating inflammation. We conducted a retrospective study of patients admitted to the University of Washington Hospital system with COVID‐19 and requiring supplemental oxygen. Outcomes included clinical improvement, defined as a two‐point reduction in severity on a six‐point ordinal scale or discharge, and mortality within 28 days. We used Cox proportional‐hazards models with propensity score inverse probability weighting to compare outcomes in patients who did and did not receive tocilizumab. We evaluated 43 patients who received tocilizumab and 45 who did not. Patients receiving tocilizumab were younger with fewer comorbidities but higher baseline oxygen requirements. Tocilizumab treatment was associated with reduced C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen, and temperature, but there were no meaningful differences in time to clinical improvement (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–2.22) or mortality (aHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.21–1.52). A numerically higher proportion of tocilizumab‐treated patients had subsequent infections, transaminitis, and cytopenias. Tocilizumab did not improve outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. However, this study was not powered to detect small differences, and there remains the possibility for a survival benefit.
Indirect optimal tuning rules for fractional order proportional integral derivative controller
Authors: Trivedi Rishika , Verma Bharat , Padhy Prabin K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, the tuning rules of fractional order PID controller are derived using Indirect Design Approach‐1. In Indirect Design Approach‐1, the plant is shifted in the frequency domain using the shifting parameter ψ. The tuning rules of stochastically optimized fractional order PID controllers exist in literature for the fixed values of maximum sensitivity. Maximum Sensitivity or robustness of the process is application dependent. Due to complex fractional order mathematics, the design of fractional order PID controller is complex. Therefore, in this article, new optimal tuning rules for FOPID controller are proposed using the shifted version of the plant. The adjustable robustness is achieved by varying tuning variable ψ which has a linear relation with the Maximum Sensitivity, Gain margin and Phase Margin. The range of ψ within which it can be varied is also proposed for both stable and unstable processes. Simulation is carried out in the MALTAB environment for validating the proposed methodology. A stable and an unstable first order process with time delay is considered for simulation. For the practical viability and novelty, a real‐time experiment on the level control of Canonical Tank using the proposed methodology is shown.
Burden and impact of arrhythmias in asthma‐related hospitalizations: Insight from the national inpatient sample
Authors: Taha Muhanad , Mishra Tushar , Shokr Mohamed , Sharma Aditi , Taha Mazen , Samavati Lobelia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the burden and impact of cardiac arrhythmias in adult patients hospitalized with asthma exacerbation using the nationwide inpatient database.MethodsWe used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2010‐2014) to identify arrhythmias in asthma‐related hospitalization and its impact on inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization charges. We also used multivariable analysis to identify predictors of in‐hospital arrhythmia and mortality.ResultsWe identified 12,988,129 patients hospitalized with primary diagnosis of asthma; among them, 2,014,459(16%) patients had cardiac arrhythmia. The most frequent arrhythmia identified is atrial fibrillation (AFib) (8.95%). The AFib and non‐AFib arrhythmia group had higher mortality (3.40% & 2.22% vs 0.74%), mean length of stay (LOS) (5.9 & 5.4 vs 4.2 days), and hospital charges ($53,172 & $51,105 vs $34,585) as compared to the non‐arrhythmia group (P < .005). Predictors of arrhythmia in asthma‐related hospitalization were history of PCI or CABG, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), and acute respiratory failure. Predictors of higher mortality in arrhythmia group were acute respiratory failure, sepsis, and acute myocardial infarction.ConclusionsAround 16% of adult patients hospitalized with asthma exacerbation experience arrythmia (mostly AFib 8.95%). The presence of arrhythmias was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital charges in hospitalized asthmatics.
Rethinking of the UK strategic public decision: Outsourcing, accountability, and governance perspectives
Authors: Alkaraan Fadi , Floyd David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe expectation gap of strategic public decision outcomes remains continued. Rising costs and lower service quality have frequently marked the outcomes. The government's information about contracts and their performance has also been criticized in recent years. Successful public decisions require effective strategic control mechanisms that link inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes straightforward and uncontroversial. This article reviews public decision outcomes from accountability and governance perspectives. It articulates the rationale regarding the rethinking of the UK strategic public decision—outsourcing.
New evidence on value creation through hedge fund activism: A qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Ben Arfa Nouha , Ammari Aymen , Boussaada Rim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHedge funds' engagements do not cause value‐enhancing as acknowledged by previous research; new insights highlight how distinct strategies combine into configurational causes of value improvement of the two common short‐run and long‐run forms of market reactions. Qualitative comparative analysis is applied and uncovers several equifinal configurations associated with value creation. The results reveal that the hostility of hedge funds' tactics is a necessary condition or, in other words, a prerequisite for high short/long term abnormal returns. Corporate governance changes, financial restructurings and hostility of tactics are sufficient conditions or, in other words, a guarantee for high‐value enhancement. The findings indicate substitutive and complimentary relationships between different tactics and high short/long‐run market reaction, suggesting the complexities of value creation.
BRAC's Water, Sanitation and Hygiene program looks beyond the MDG 7C goals: The case of empowering rural sanitation entrepreneurs in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Mizan , Haque Shamim E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBRAC, the largest non‐government organization (NGO) of the world, empowers the rural community underserved by the capitalistic market environment. It is an important phenomenon, especially in the case of serving the very poor in developing countries.
Experience versus youth: An exploratory study of the motivations of older entrepreneurs
Authors: Gray Gillian , Smith Helen Lawton 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe decision of someone over the age of 50 to switch from traditional employment to being an entrepreneur was found to arise from a complex mix of personal motivation, access to resources, and environmental determinants. When beginning their careers, people over 50 who became entrepreneurs only ever considered traditional employment with corporate companies and did not consider or even believe that entrepreneurship was a viable option. Advances in technology have been a significant enabler for their ability to have their businesses due to lowering the barriers to entry. Attitudes to work have changed twofold: entrepreneurship is now a viable career choice, and the traditional job for life no longer exists.
Millennials' preference of hedonic value over utilitarian value: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Alam Mirza Mohammad Didarul , Babu Mujahid Mohiuddin , Noor Nor Azila Mohd , Rahman Syed Abidur , Alam Mohammad Zahedul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe philosophy of a free‐market economy has encouraged enormous consumption, which has redefined the customers' perception of value (hedonic and utilitarian) and loyalty even in a developing country. To maximize their consumption level, customers, in many instances, prefer hedonic value to utilitarian value and demonstrate limited loyalty to any brand. This study investigated the Millennials customers' preference between hedonic value and utilitarian value and its impact on loyalty, in the context of a developing country which adopts a combination of capitalist and control economy. Data were collected from customers from the retail industry and were analyzed with PLS‐SEM technique. The findings suggest that, in the developing economy, Millennials prefer hedonic consumption value, which is related to their loyalty and corporate image of the store.
Interest rate and income disparity: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Husain Shaiara , Sohag Kazi , Hasan Rajibul , Shams S. M. Riad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe highlight the most adverse impact of capitalism on inequality through the channel of the interest rate. The interest rate has been an instrument of capitalism which aggravates the accumulation of wealth in the hands of very few people and thereby worsens inequality. To this end, this article scrutinises the dynamic impact of financial development on income inequality in the context of Indonesia, applying DOLS and FMOLS approach by analysing time series data over the years of 1984 to 2018. Rising income inequalities has been a common perpetuating trend of East Asian countries among which we find the case of Indonesia worth interesting to study while filling up the gap in the existing literature. We provide evidence that interest rate exacerbates income inequality in the long‐run economy of Indonesia. Financial development in the early phases of development favours economic activity in the urban sector based on capital intensive technology which does not help absorb excess rural labour. The empirical finding of this study profoundly demonstrates one of the substantial drawbacks of capitalism in terms of income disparity.
Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula in Children: A Congenital Variant
Authors: Muelleman Thomas J. , Kavookjian Hannah , Asmar Julia , Patel Kirang , Nielsen David , Summers Kyle , Tracy Meghan , Noel‐MacDonnell Janelle , Staecker Hinrich , Ledbetter Luke , Weatherly Robert 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisInternal auditory diverticula in adults have been found to exist independent of otosclerosis, and in the presence of otosclerosis. We sought to determine the prevalence of internal auditory canal (IAC) diverticula in a pediatric cohort, to assess whether IAC diverticula are a risk factor for hearing loss, and the co‐occurrence of otic capsule hypoattenuation.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA single‐site retrospective review of high‐resolution temporal bones computed tomography (CT) scans including the presence and size of diverticula and hypoattenuation of the otic capsule. Demographic, imaging, and audiometric data were collected and descriptively analyzed. Bivariate analysis of collected variables was conducted. Comparisons between sides in unilateral cases were also performed.Results16/600 (2.7%; 95% CI [2.0%, 3.4%]) were found to have IAC diverticula. Six were bilateral. Thirty‐one patients (5.2%) were found to have hypoattenuation of the otic capsule. There were no coincident cases of IAC diverticulum and hypoattenuation of the otic capsule. There was no association between the presence of IAC diverticula and age (P = .13). In six patients with unilateral diverticula, pure tone average (P = .42), and word recognition (P = .27) scores were not significantly different when compared to the normal, contralateral side.ConclusionsThe prevalence of IAC diverticula in children is lower than the prevalence in adults. IAC diverticula in children likely represent congenital variants of temporal bone anatomy. Similar to adult populations, there is evidence that IAC diverticula in children are likely not an independent risk factor for hearing loss.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1683–E1687, 2021