bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal Community's Perception on Climate Change and Its Impacts: Analysis of Local Coastal Community of Winneba, Ghana
Authors: Ankrah Johnson 
Published: October 2020

Aims: The study assessed the perception of the coastal inhabitants of Winneba on climate change and its impacts.
Study Design: This study is descriptive in nature and employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Winneba, Ghana in February 2020.
Methodology: The survey method of research was employed in this study. An annual mean temperature timeseries data of Winneba from 1980- 2017 to supplement respondents' subjective views. In addition, community interactions were conducted to get personal information from the inhabitants about the impacts of climate change. 152 inhabitants were sampled through the convenience and the purposive sampling techniques. The convenience technique was used to select 148 respondents and 3 fishermen, and 1 fish seller selected purposively. This was done through questionnaire administration and interviews. Community's interactions centred on inhabitants' perception of climate change and its impacts.
Results: The study found that temperature in the Winneba community has increased. The study again found diverse views on the most serious impact of climate change in the community. While some attributed it to rising temperatures, others attributed it to sea level rise and coastal erosion. The study also revealed that although many of the inhabitants lamented about rising temperatures as it disrupts their daily activities and cause diseases, sea level rise and erosion has also played a devastating role on the environment which needs to be addressed.
Conclusion: Local community perception and knowledge on climate change is important. Increased knowledge and awareness influence a community’s choice of mitigation and adaptation to climate change impacts. A comprehensive policy framework on climate change awareness creation and education should, therefore, be implemented and made available to local coastal community members.
Effect of Knowledge Intervention on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among the Students of PJTSAU
Authors: Sirisha K. Santhi , Reddy R. Geetha , Hymavathi T. V. 
Published: October 2020

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrinological disorders with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations affecting about 6-8% women of reproductive age. Many adolescent girls and women lack knowledge of Polycystic ovarian syndrome. The present study was designed so as to evaluate the knowledge of sixty undergraduate girl students from College of Community Science, Saifabad, Hyderabad, PJTSAU before and after the intervention programme on Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Knowledge assessment schedule developed by Kalpana, [1] was used with modifications as a data collection tool. High levels of knowledge was observed to be on basic terminology and definitions (31.6%), pathophysiology of the disease (16.6%), complications of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (21.6%), and management of Polycystic ovarian syndrome (26.6%) before the educational programme. An educational programme was provided as intervention to improve the students’ knowledge level regarding Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Then, a post test was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the intervention. The knowledge level of 83.3%, 68.3%, 75% and 83.3% of the total sample was found to be high on basic terminology and definitions, pathophysiology, complications and management of Polycystic ovarian syndrome respectively. Mean scores of the post-test were significantly higher compared to their values at pre-test (p<0.001). Thus the results prove that the knowledge intervention in the form of educational programme is effective in enhancing the knowledge of the students.
Incorporating sensitive cardiac substructure sparing into radiation therapy planning
Authors: Morris Eric D. , Aldridge Kate , Ghanem Ahmed I. , Zhu Simeng , Glide‐Hurst Carri K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeRising evidence suggests that cardiac substructures are highly radiosensitive. However, they are not routinely considered in treatment planning as they are not readily visualized on treatment planning CTs (TPCTs). This work integrated the soft tissue contrast provided by low‐field MRIs acquired on an MR‐linac via image registration to further enable cardiac substructure sparing on TPCTs.MethodsSixteen upper thoracic patients treated at various breathing states (7 end‐exhalation, 7 end‐inhalation, 2 free‐breathing) on a 0.35T MR‐linac were retrospectively evaluated. A hybrid MR/CT atlas and a deep learning three‐dimensional (3D) U‐Net propagated 13 substructures to TPCTs. Radiation oncologists revised contours using registered MRIs. Clinical treatment plans were re‐optimized and evaluated for beam arrangement modifications to reduce substructure doses. Dosimetric assessment included mean and maximum (0.03cc) dose, left ventricular volume receiving 5Gy (LV‐V5), and other clinical endpoints. As metrics of plan complexity, total MU and treatment time were evaluated between approaches.ResultsCardiac sparing plans reduced the mean heart dose (mean reduction 0.7 ± 0.6, range 0.1 to 2.5 Gy). Re‐optimized plans reduced left anterior descending artery (LADA) mean and LADA0.03cc (0.0–63.9% and 0.0 to 17.3 Gy, respectively). LV0.03cc was reduced by >1.5 Gy for 10 patients while 6 cases had large reductions (>7%) in LV‐V5. Left atrial mean dose was equivalent/reduced in all sparing plans (mean reduction 0.9 ± 1.2 Gy). The left main coronary artery was better spared in all cases for mean dose and D0.03cc. One patient exhibited >10 Gy reduction in D0.03cc to four substructures. There was no statistical difference in treatment time and MU, or clinical endpoints to the planning target volume, lung, esophagus, or spinal cord after re‐optimization. Four patients benefited from new beam arrangements, leading to further dose reductions.ConclusionsBy introducing 0.35T MRIs acquired on an MR‐linac to verify cardiac substructure segmentations for CT‐based treatment planning, an opportunity was presented for more effective sparing with limited increase in plan complexity. Validation in a larger cohort with appropriate margins offers potential to reduce radiation‐related cardiotoxicities.
Revealing the Perovskite Film Formation Using the Gas Quenching Method by In Situ GIWAXS: Morphology, Properties, and Device Performance
Authors: Szostak Rodrigo , Sanchez Sandy , Marchezi Paulo E. , Marques Adriano S. , Silva Jeann C. , Holanda Matheus S. , Hagfeldt Anders , Tolentino Hélio C. N. , Nogueira Ana F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe optoelectronic properties, morphology, and consequently the performance of metal halide perovskite solar cells are directly related to the crystalline phases and intermediates formed during film preparation. The gas quenching method is compatible with large‐area deposition, but an understanding of how this method influences these properties and performance is scarce in the literature. Here, in situ grazing incidence wide angle X‐ray scattering is employed during spin coating deposition to gain insights on the formation of MAPbI3 and CsxFA1−xPb(I0.83Br0.17)3 perovskites, comparing the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 2‐methyl‐n‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as coordinative solvents. Intermediates formed using DMSO depend on the perovskite composition (e.g., Cs content), while for NMP the same intermediate [PbI2(NMP)] is formed independently on the composition. For MAPbI3 and CsxFA1−xPb(I0.83Br0.17)3 with a small amount of Cs (10% and 20%), the best efficiencies are achieved using NMP, while the use of DMSO is preferred for higher (30% and 40%) amount of Cs. The inhibition of the 2H/4H hexagonal phase when using NMP is crucial for the final performance. These findings provide a deep understanding about the formation mechanism in multication perovskites and assist the community to choose the best solvent for the desired perovskite composition aiming to perovskite‐on‐silicon tandem solar cells.
Helix Inversion Controlled by Molecular Motors in Multistate Liquid Crystals
Authors: Ryabchun Alexander , Lancia Federico , Chen Jiawen , Morozov Dmitry , Feringa Ben L. , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnravelling the rules of molecular motion is a contemporary challenge that promises to support the development of responsive materials and is likely to enhance the understanding of functional motion. Advances in integrating light‐driven molecular motors in soft matter have led to the design and realization of chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystals that can respond to light with modification of their helical pitch, and also with helix inversion. Under illumination, these chiral liquid crystals convert from one helical geometry to another. Here, a series of light‐driven molecular motors that feature a rich configurational landscape is presented, specifically which involves three stable chiral states. The succession of chiral structures involved in the motor cycle is transmitted at higher structural levels, as the cholesteric liquid crystals that are formed can interconvert between helices of opposite handedness, reversibly. In these materials, the dynamic features of the motors are thus expressed at the near‐macroscopic, functional level, into addressable colors that can be used in advanced materials for tunable optics and photonics.
Shape Programming by Modulating Actuation over Hierarchical Length Scales
Authors: Gao Tian , Siéfert Emmanuel , DeSimone Antonio , Roman Benoît 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany active materials used in shape‐morphing respond to an external stimulus by stretching or contracting along a director field. The programming of such actuators remains complex because of the single degree of freedom (the orientation) in local actuation. Here, texturing this field in zigzag patterns is shown to provide an extended family of biaxial active stretches out of an otherwise single uniaxial active deformation, opening a larger parameter space. By further modulating the zigzag patterns at the larger scale of the structure, its deployed shape can be controlled. This notion of texturing over hierarchical length scales follows geometrical principles, and is robust against changes in size and materials. The robustness of the approach is demonstrated by considering three different responsive materials: inextensible flat fabrics, channel‐bearing elastomer (respectively, contracting and expanding perpendicularly to the director field when actuated pneumatically), and 3D‐printed thermoplastic (composed of extruded filaments that contract when heated). It is shown that large‐scale shape‐morphing structures can be generated and that their geometry can be controlled with high accuracy.
Magneto‐Electroluminescence Studies on the Role of Intermolecular Spin–Orbital Coupling Processes for the Transition between Singlet and Triplet Excitons in Exciplex‐Based Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Guo Xiaomin , Yuan Peisen , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Ma Dongge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) using exciplexes as host have achieved unprecedented breakthrough. The energy transfer process between host and guest is the popular way to effectively utilize excitons in this kind of devices. Actually, the intermolecular spin–orbital coupling (ISOC) interaction between the heavy‐atom phosphorescent molecule and exciplex also plays an important role in exciton utilization, thus device performance, but this role is always ignored. Here, the synergistic effects of energy transfer and ISOC interaction on device efficiency are clearly demonstrated in exciplex‐based PhOLEDs by magneto‐electroluminescence (MEL) measurements. It can be seen that the MEL line shape at high field component is significantly wider due to the ISOC effect inducing the accelerated transition process between singlet and triplet states of exciplex host. In this case, the energy transfer process from exciplex host to phosphorescent molecule is more efficient, which is confirmed by the different line widths of MELs. Ultimately, a high‐efficiency exciplex‐based green PhOLED with the maximum external quantum efficiency of 23% is obtained at a low phosphorescent doping concentration of 2 wt%.
Emergent Opportunities with Metallic Alloys: From Material Design to Optical Devices
Authors: Gong Tao , Lyu Peifen , Palm Kevin J. , Memarzadeh Sarvenaz , Munday Jeremy N. , Leite Marina S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetallic nanostructures and thin films are fundamental building blocks for next‐generation nanophotonics. Yet, the fixed permittivity of pure metals often imposes limitations on the materials employed and/or on device performance. Alternatively, metallic mixtures, or alloys, represent a promising pathway to tailor the optical and electrical properties of devices, enabling further control of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this Review, a survey of recent advances in photonics and plasmonics achieved using metal alloys is presented. An overview of the primary fabrication methods to obtain subwavelength alloyed nanostructures is provided, followed by an in‐depth analysis of experimental and theoretical studies of their optical properties, including their correlation with band structure. The broad landscape of optical devices that can benefit from metallic materials with engineered permittivity is also discussed, spanning from superabsorbers and hydrogen sensors to photovoltaics and hot electron devices. This Review concludes with an outlook of potential research directions that would benefit from the on demand optical properties of metallic mixtures, leading to new optoelectronic materials and device opportunities.
Improved Efficiency and Stability of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes by Enhanced Orientation of Homoleptic Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes
Authors: Kim Jong Soo , Jeong Daun , Bae Hye Jin , Jung Yongsik , Nam Sungho , Kim Ji Whan , Ihn Soo‐Ghang , Kim Joonghyuk , Son Won‐Joon , Choi Hyeonho , Kim Sunghan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNovel homoleptic cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes are designed to improve their emission dipole orientations in the emitting layer of blue phosphorescent organic light emitting devices. Biphenyl group is introduced into the imidazole of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes to simultaneously achieve enhanced efficiency and operation lifetime, resulting in one of the best device performances of single‐stacked organic light emitting diodes with 91% emission dipole orientation, 26.3% maximum external quantum efficiency (maximally calculated as 41%), and 169 h lifetime at 1000 cd m−2 (LT80), color coordinate (0.17, 0.30). To elucidate the physical origin of this significant improvements, the orientational and positional distributions of the homoleptic dopants are analyzed with consideration on intermolecular interactions through atomistic modeling of the emitting layer. With the findings, the phosphorescent dopants could be designed in the future to achieve enhanced performance.
Peritumoral Delivery of Docetaxel‐TIPS Microparticles for Prostate Cancer Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Paliashvili Ketevan , Popov Alexander , Kalber Tammy L. , Patrick P. Stephen , Hayes Angela , Henley Alan , Raynaud Florence I. , Ahmed Hashim U. , Day Richard M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy is a consequence of incomplete tumor resection. Systemic chemotherapy after surgery is associated with significant toxicity. Improved delivery methods for toxic drugs capable of targeting positive resection margins can reduce tumor recurrence and avoid their known toxicity. This study evaluates the effectiveness and toxicity of docetaxel (DTX) release from highly porous biodegradable microparticles intended for delivery into the tissue cavity created during radical prostatectomy to target residual tumor cells. The microparticles, composed of poly(dl‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA), are processed using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and loaded with DTX via antisolvent precipitation. Sustained drug release and effective toxicity in vitro are observed against PC3 human prostate cells. Peritumoral injection in a PC3 xenograft tumor model results in tumor growth inhibition equivalent to that achieved with intravenous delivery of DTX. Unlike intravenous delivery of DTX, implantation of DTX‐TIPS microparticles is not accompanied by toxicity or elevated systemic levels of DTX in organ tissues or plasma. DTX‐TIPS microparticles provide localized and sustained release of nontoxic therapeutic amounts of DTX. This may offer novel therapeutic strategies for improving management of patients with clinically localized high‐risk disease requiring radical prostatectomy and other solid cancers at high risk of positive resection margins.
A new family with epiphyseal chondrodysplasia type Miura
Authors: Kenis Vladimir , Melchenko Eugeniy , Mazunin Ilya , Pekkinen Minna , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpiphyseal chondrodysplasia, Miura type (ECDM) is a skeletal dysplasia with tall stature and distinctive skeletal features caused by heterozygous NPR2 pathogenic variants. Only four families have been reported. We present a family with five affected individuals (mother, three sons, and daughter). The mother's phenotype was relatively mild: borderline tall stature and elongated halluces operated during childhood. The children were remarkably more severely affected with tall stature, scoliosis, and elongated toes and fingers leading to suspicion of Marfan syndrome. Progressive valgus deformities (at the hips, knees, and ankles) were the main complaints and necessitated orthopedic investigations and surgery. Radiographs showed coxa valga, scoliosis, multiple pseudoepiphyses of the fingers and toes with uneven elongation of the digits and ankle valgus. The two older brothers underwent osteotomies and guided growth for axial deformities and arthrodesis for elongated halluces. Genetic testing confirmed the clinical diagnosis of ECDM: all affected individuals had a heterozygous c.2647G>A (p.Val883Met) NPR2 variant in a highly conserved region in the carboxyl‐terminal guanylyl cyclase domain. This two‐generation family elucidates the clinical and radiological variability of the disease. These rare cases are important to gain further understanding of the fundamental processes of growth regulation.
Us and them: From prejudice to racism. An original analysis of race and racism
Authors: Heyer Evelyne , Reynaud‐Paligot Carole 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper present the content of the Musée de l'Homme exhibition “Us and them: from prejudice to racism” and provides a detailed explanation of how this content has been presented to the public. In a second section of this paper we explain some of the analysis and concepts, from a biological anthropology perspective, that were the foundation of the exhibition and provides some information about the current situation in France.
The Effect of Addition of High‐Melting Monoacylglycerol and Candelilla Wax on Pea and Faba Bean Protein Foam‐Templated Oleogelation
Authors: Mohanan Athira , Nickerson Michael T. , Ghosh Supratim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUse of oleogels prepared from hydrocolloids has recently gained considerable attention as an alternative for trans and saturated fats. Lately, pulse proteins such as faba bean protein and pea protein have been successfully used to prepare oleogels using a foam‐templated approach. Although the pulse proteins are healthy oleogelators, high oil loss and low quality of cake baked using pulse protein‐stabilized oleogels due to its poor rheological properties challenged its use. The present study explored whether the addition of small amount of high‐melting monoglyceride (MAG) or candelilla wax (CW) can be used to improve the oil binding capacity, rheological properties, and baking qualities of pulse protein‐stabilized oleogels composed of 5% faba bean or pea protein concentrate with 0.25% xanthan gum foams. Different concentrations (0.5–3%) of MAG or CW were dissolved in canola oil at 80 °C, followed by addition into the freeze‐dried protein‐polysaccharide foams (pH 7) and quickly transferred to a refrigerator to facilitate the formation of oleogels. The crystallized additives were found to be reinforcing the protein foam network in the oleogels. With increase in concentration of CW and MAG, the oil binding capacity, firmness, cohesiveness, and storage moduli of the oleogels were increased. Oleogels with and without MAG or CW were then characterized and tested for their performance as a shortening replacer in model baked cakes. Findings showed improved textural properties of cake upon addition of MAG in the foam‐templated oleogels, however, compared to the shortening, negative effect on cake hardness and chewiness was still observed with the oleogels.
An evaluation of the relationship between the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteodegenerative processes at fibrocartilaginous entheses
Authors: He Laura Ruoqiao , de Almeida Prado Patricia Shirley 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn enthesis refers to the interface at which a tendon or a ligament integrates into the periosteum. Its morphology can be influenced by intrinsic factors such as sex, age, and extrinsic factors such as levels of activity, which will in turn impact on bone remodeling and lead to morphological changes. In bioarcheology, entheseal changes have had a long tradition of being used for the reconstruction of past activities. The literature has shown that in some cases of osteoarthritis, entheseal changes are associated with osteoarthritic manifestations. This work aims to evaluate the relationship between the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteodegenerative processes. The studied materials consisted of 30 humeri and 30 femora from the osteological collection at St George's University of London. Intensities of both entheseal changes and osteodegenerative processes were macroscopically assessed and scored. The difference in scores of entheseal changes between osteoarthritic groups and nonosteoarthritic groups is statistically significant at a confidence level of 95% (α = .05) for both the humeri and femora. Results show a positive correlation between the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteodegenerative processes in the femora, suggesting that enthesis may play a role in osteoarthritis. Findings from this work supports the proposed hypothesis that the degree of entheseal changes and the severity of osteoarthritic manifestation are related. This work contributes to current knowledge that osteoarthritis is a disease involving the whole joint; the enthesis could potentially be a target for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
Sliding mode control for electro‐hydraulic proportional directional valve‐controlled position tracking system based on an extended state observer
Authors: Zhuang Huixuan , Sun Qinglin , Chen Zengqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel method combining the sliding mode control (SMC) and extended state observer (ESO) is proposed for position control of an electro‐hydraulic servo system (EHSS), which is nonlinear in mechanical dynamics. Based on the SMC technique, the corresponding sliding mode controller is designed to guarantee the state variables of the closed‐loop system to converge to the reference state by applying an ESO to estimate external disturbances and the internal dynamics. Also, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the control strategy; synchronously, SMC can achieve better control performance than proportional integral derivative (PID) method in comparison with the PID control approach.