bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social trust and new firm formation: a regional perspective
Authors: Corradini Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to contribute to the analysis of informal institutions on entrepreneurship. In particular, we follow a regional perspective to explore the role of social trust as a determinant of new firm formation, enhancing the flow of information and knowledge exchange across spatially embedded relational structures that underpin entrepreneurial processes. Also, we argue this bridging effect of social trust may be subdued in regions with higher levels of economic development characterised by stronger quality of governance and more defined entrepreneurial ecosystems. Combining data from Eurostat and the European Social Survey for over 200 regions across nine EU countries, the paper provides novel empirical evidence that social trust plays a significant role in fostering the formation of new firms. At the same time, the results indicate that the strength of formal institutions and the regional economy exert a critical moderating effect as the importance of social trust on new firm formation progressively increases in regions characterised by decreasing levels of economic development.
Reviewing interfirm relationship quality from a supply chain management perspective
Authors: Qian Chen , Seuring Stefan , Wagner Ralf 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith the overlap of the interfirm relationship quality and supply chain management research in mind, this paper reviewed 100 recent, scientific, English-language papers on interfirm relationship quality based on a categorisation schema derived from a conceptual framework of supply chain management. We aim to contribute to the existing supply chain management literature by providing an insight into the connections of supply chain performance with buyer–supplier relationship quality from the relationship quality scholars’ perspective. Through content analysis, frequency and contingency analysis, we evaluated how the three relationship quality dimensions—information, operational, and relational dimensions—and the three types of supply chain performance—financial and market, operational, and relational performance have been reflected in the current interfirm relationship quality papers and how the scholars have tended to link them to each other. The results reveal that relational dimension plays a key role in SC relationship management and influences performance significantly. Information dimension will affect performance indirectly through relational dimension. However, the impact of the operational dimension on performance varies. In addition, buyers’ and suppliers’ perspectives on the relational drivers of their financial performance may differ. Based on the findings, we suggest promising avenues for future investigation of supply chain relationship and performance.
Soil respiration in seven types of temperate forests exhibits similar temperature sensitivity
Authors: Klimek Beata , Chodak Marcin , Niklińska Maria 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration rate in two soil horizons of seven types of temperate forests.

Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected in O and A horizons in seven types of temperate forests, each one represented by five independent stands distributed throughout Poland. Soil respiration rates were measured at standard moisture in five temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C, 16 °C, 22 °C and 28 °C), and the first-order Q10 values were calculated for each stand. General linear models (GLM) were fitted for respiration rate and for Q10 values separately using selected soil physical-chemical properties: C:N ratio, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and soil pH.

Results and discussion
The soil respiration rate increased with temperature was the highest in O horizon of fresh mixed forest dominated by hornbeam and increased with C:N ratio, DOC content and soil pH (model p < 0.0001). In turn, model for Q10 was not significant meaning none of tested variables affected soil temperature sensitivity (p = 0.2886).

Conclusions
Despite studied forest types exhibit substantial distinctness in many soil properties including respiration rate, they showed similar susceptibility to temperature increase (roughly to climate warming).
Prevention, disruption and deterrence of online child sexual exploitation and abuse
Authors: Quayle Ethel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEuropean law has recognised the need for international cross-disciplinary collaboration to both identify, locate and safeguard victims and prevent, investigate and prosecute online child exploitation and abuse (OCSEA). However, there is evidence that these crimes are continuing to increase and develop in step with technological advances. Changing the behaviour of both perpetrators and victims is both challenging and expensive and there is little evidence of what works to reduce these crimes. In this paper an argument is presented that changing the environments which support OCSEA is necessary if we are to detect and manage these crimes, and more importantly prevent them.
A bound on the genus of a curve with Cartier operator of small rank
Authors: Zhou Zijian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ekedahl showed that the genus of a curve in characteristic $$p>0$$

p
>
0

with zero Cartier operator is bounded by $$p(p-1)/2$$

p
(
p
-
1
)
/
2

. We show the bound $$p+p(p-1)/2$$

p
+
p
(
p
-
1
)
/
2

in case the rank of the Cartier operator is 1, improving a result of Re.
$${\mathfrak {S}}_5$$-equivariant syzygies for the Del Pezzo surface of degree 5
Authors: Bauer Ingrid , Catanese Fabrizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Del Pezzo surface Y of degree 5 is the blow up of the plane in 4 general points, embedded in $${\mathbb {P}}^5$$

P

5

by the system of cubics passing through these points. It is the simplest example of the Buchsbaum–Eisenbud theorem on arithmetically-Gorenstein subvarieties of codimension 3 being Pfaffian.
Its automorphism group is the symmetric group $${\mathfrak {S}}_5$$

S
5

. We give canonical explicit $${\mathfrak {S}}_5$$

S
5

-invariant Pfaffian equations through a 6$$\times $$
×
6 antisymmetric matrix. We give concrete geometric descriptions of the irreducible representations of $${\mathfrak {S}}_5$$

S
5

. Finally, we give $${\mathfrak {S}}_5$$

S
5

-invariant equations for the embedding of Y inside $$({\mathbb {P}}^1)^5$$

(

P

1

)

5

, and show that they have the same Hilbert resolution as for the Del Pezzo of degree 4.
Convergence of sampling Kantorovich operators in modular spaces with applications
Authors: Costarelli Danilo , Vinti Gianluca 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the present paper we study the so-called sampling Kantorovich operators in the very general setting of modular spaces. Here, modular convergence theorems are proved under suitable assumptions, together with a modular inequality for the above operators. Further, we study applications of such approximation results in several concrete cases, such as Musielak–Orlicz and Orlicz spaces. As a consequence of these results we obtain convergence theorems in the classical and weighted versions of the$$L^p$$Lpand Zygmund (or interpolation) spaces. At the end of the paper examples of kernels for the above operators are presented.
Corneal Neurotization and Novel Medical Therapies for Neurotrophic Keratopathy
Authors: Rosenblatt Tatiana R. , Sears Connie M. , Park Ji Kwan , Kossler Andrea Lora 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) is a degenerative corneal disease characterized by decreased corneal sensibility and impaired corneal healing. In this article, we review surgical techniques for corneal neurotization (CN) and novel medical therapies for the treatment of NK.

Recent Findings
In recent decades, there has been a paradigm shift in the treatment strategies for NK. New minimally invasive direct and indirect CN approaches have demonstrated efficacy at improving best-corrected visual acuity and central corneal sensation while decreasing surgical morbidity. In addition, several targeted medical therapies, such as recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF), regenerating agents (RGTA), and nicergoline, have shown promise in improving corneal epithelial healing. Of these options, cenegermin (Oxervate®, Dompé), a topical biologic medication, has emerged as an approved medical treatment for moderate to severe NK.

Summary
NK is a challenging condition caused by alterations in corneal nerves, leading to impairment in sensory and trophic function with subsequent breakdown of the cornea. Conventional therapy for NK depends on the severity of disease and focuses primarily on protecting the ocular surface. In recent years, numerous CN techniques and novel medical treatments have been developed that aim to restore proper corneal innervation and promote ocular surface healing. Further studies are needed to better understand the long-term efficacy of these treatment options, their target populations, and the potential synergistic efficacy of combined medical and surgical treatments.
A comparative study of social group optimization with a few recent optimization algorithms
Authors: Naik Anima , Satapathy Suresh Chandra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrom the past few decades, the popularity of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms is growing compared to deterministic search optimization algorithms in solving global optimization problems. This has led to the development of several optimization algorithms to solve complex optimization problems. But none of the algorithms can solve all optimization problems equally well. As a result, the researchers focus on either improving exiting meta-heuristic optimization algorithms or introducing new algorithms. The social group optimization (SGO) Algorithm is a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm that was proposed in the year 2016 for solving global optimization problems. In the literature, SGO is shown to perform well as compared to other optimization algorithms. This paper attempts to compare the performance of the SGO algorithm with other optimization algorithms proposed between 2017 and 2019. These algorithms are tested through several experiments, including multiple classical benchmark functions, CEC special session functions, and six classical engineering problems etc. Optimization results prove that the SGO algorithm is extremely competitive as compared to other algorithms.
Stewardship and Shareholder Engagement in Germany
Authors: Ringe Wolf-Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCorporate stewardship holds great promise for the improvement of shareholder engagement and the encouragement of more responsible and long-term oriented value creation. This is particularly true since the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries have long adopted a best practice code for the stewardship role of institutional investors and asset managers, but Germany has so far refused to follow that trend. This paper explores the reasons for this reluctance, as well as whether the adoption of a Stewardship Code would still make sense in the regulatory framework of Germany today. Despite the increased presence of shareholder engagement (and even activism), several reasons may be put forward for why lawmakers have refused to adopt a stewardship code. This paper argues that the main political reason for this reluctance lies in the limited geographical reach of such a code, which would primarily be restricted to the (limited) domestic fund industry and would thus be unable to prescribe any meaningful principles to foreign-based asset managers. Still, I argue that the adoption of a code in the German context may make sense, for example to define expectations and to clarify the obligations of investee companies. Most importantly, it would benefit domestic investors that are typically ‘home biased’ and thereby frequently disproportionately invested in domestic funds.
Creating Value From Energy Data: A Practitioner’s Perspective on Data-Driven Smart Energy Business Models
Authors: Chasin Friedrich , Paukstadt Ute , Ullmeyer Patrick , Becker Jörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlong the energy value chain where produced energy is delivered for consumption within individual households, physical devices are being replaced by smart and connected products referred to as the Internet of Things. These smart products generate large volumes of data that can enable new data-driven business models. In the energy sector, consumers produce data by consuming energy, which is monitored and controlled by different smart energy products like microgeneration units or home automation devices. Although smart energy business models have been subject to academic research, the business value of data, which is created from smart energy products, remains unclear. Against this background, the paper presents a practitioners’ perspective on the data-driven potential of smart energy technologies for new business models, the constituting elements of these business models, and the challenges associated with their implementation. By doing this, we provide trajectories for the future of the energy industry and draw guiding implications for developing data-driven smart energy business models.
Relationship Between Nurses’ Decision-Making Style and Their Disaster Response Competencies
Authors: Aliakbari Fatemeh , Ghaedamini Masoumeh , Deris Fatemeh , Masoudi Reza 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTNurses are the first respondents to the critical situations and therefore must be able to effectively manage the critical situations using their competencies. Given that the decision-making style under the stressful critical situations is an important component of the care process in these situations, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between decision-making style and nurses’ disaster response competencies.This descriptive, analytical study was conducted in Shahr-e Kord city in 2018. A total of 300 nurses were selected from Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals by multistage sampling and from the Emergency Medical Services Center by the census method. Data were collected using the Disaster Nursing Competence Assessment and the decision-making style questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 21 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY).Most of the nurses used the intuitive decision-making style and the total score of disaster nursing competencies was 162.58 ± 22.70. Pearson’s correlation coefficient indicated that there was a positive relation between decision-making style and nurses’ disaster response competencies.The results show that decision-making style affects nurses’ competencies for disaster response and provides evidence for the development of educational policies in disaster nursing education.
Convergence, parallelism, and function of extreme parietal callus in diverse groups of Cenozoic Gastropoda
Authors: Pietsch Carlie , Anderson Brendan M. , Maistros Lauren M. , Padalino Ethan C. , Allmon Warren D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe use scanning electron microscopy imaging to examine the shell microstructure of fossil and living species in five families of caenogastropods (Strombidae, Volutidae, Olividae, Pseudolividae, and Ancillariidae) to determine whether parallel or convergent evolution is responsible for the development of a unique caenogastropod trait, the extreme parietal callus (EPC). The EPC is defined as a substantial thickening of both the spire callus and the callus on the ventral shell surface such that it covers 50% or more of the surface. Caenogastropods as a whole construct the EPC convergently, using a variety of low-density, poorly organized microstructures that are otherwise uncommon in caenogastropod non-callus shell construction. Within clades, however, we see evidence for parallelism in decreased regulation in both the shell and callus microstructure. Low-density and poorly ordered microstructure—such as used for the EPC—uses less organic scaffolding and is less energetically expensive than normal shell microstructure. This suggests the EPC functions to rapidly and inexpensively increase shell thickness and overall body size. Tests of functional ecology suggest that the EPC might function both to defend against crushing predation through increased body size and dissipation of forces while aiding in shell orientation of highly mobile gastropods. These interpretations hinge on the current phylogenetic placement of caenogastropod families, emphasizing the essential contribution of phylogeny when interpreting homoplasy.
Principal component analysis of avian hind limb and foot morphometrics and the relationship between ecology and phylogeny
Authors: Falk Amanda R. , Lamsdell James C. , Gong Enpu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrincipal component analysis has been used to test for similarities in ecology and life habit between modern and fossil birds; however, the two main portions of the hind limb—the foot and the long bone elements—have not been examined separately. We examine the potential links between morphology, ecology, and phylogeny through a synthesis of phylogenetic paleoecological methods and morphospace analysis. Both hind limb morphologies and species’ ecologies exhibit extreme phylogenetic clumping, although these patterns are at least partially explainable by a Brownian motion style of evolution. Some morphologies are strongly correlated with particular ecologies, while some ecologies are occupied by a variety of morphologies. Within the morphospace analyses, the length of the hallux (toe I) is the most defining characteristic of the entire hind limb. The foot and hind limb are represented on different axes when all measurements are considered in an analysis, suggesting that these structures undergo morphological change separately from each other. Early birds tend to cluster together, representing an unspecialized basal foot morphotype and a hind limb reliant on hip-driven, not knee-driven, locomotion. Direct links between morphology, ecology, and phylogeny are unclear and complicated and may be biased due to sample size (~60 species). This study should be treated as a preliminary analysis that further studies, especially those examining the vast diversity of modern birds, can build upon.
Rising burden of overweight and obesity among Indian adults: empirical insights for public health preparedness
Authors: Rai Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Chandan , Singh Lucky , Singh Prashant Kumar , Acharya Subhendu Kumar , Singh Shalini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith simultaneous efforts to address a huge burden of malnutrition, especially among children and younger women, India also encounters a mushrooming prevalence of overweight and obesity among the adult population. This study analysed data from two consecutive rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005–06 and 2015–16, to present the burden of overweight and obesity among adult men and women in India. The findings highlight a rising burden of overweight and obesity, although the level and the extent of change over the study period varied across states. The district-wise analysis revealed geographical clusters of overweight and obesity. Further investigation suggests that overweight or obesity are not exclusive to urban areas, and economically well-off populations are more inclined to be overweight or obese. The trends and patterns of overweight and obesity in India argue for timely public health preparedness and interventions to avoid the rising incidence of non-communicable diseases in India.
Mental Health Problems at a Critical Juncture: Exit from Social Assistance among Young Finns
Authors: VAALAVUO MARIA , BAKKUM BORIS 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReducing social assistance dependency is high on the political agenda; labour market and social exclusion of youth, in particular, has been considered worrisome. With these policy objectives and societal considerations in mind we set to study the association between health problems, with a specific focus on mental health, and the duration of social assistance receipt among young adults in Finland. Our analyses are based on rich register data encompassing the total population in the metropolitan area of Finland from 2005 to 2016. We follow a cohort of new social assistance recipients (n=36,728) aged 18–34 for a maximum of 60 months using Cox proportional hazard model. The results show a strong association between mental health problems and duration of social assistance receipt. The association was the strongest among those aged 18–24. Some differences in the strength of the association were found for different psychiatric diagnoses. On the other hand, somatic diagnoses were only weakly associated with duration of social assistance receipt. Mental health problems appear to be an important obstacle for exiting social assistance and this should be taken into account when governments aim to decrease welfare dependency and reform the last-resort financial aid.
Value systems as motivational forces for the suppression of ageism towards older people amongst young adults: an analysis across countries
Authors: Stanciu Adrian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhat explains ageism towards older people? Several answers exist in the literature, but it is still unclear whether the ageism people express has been altered by motivational forces (i.e.factors which carry or enact motivation, leading to action or thought) or whether an original, primal ageism can be expressed directly. Investigating populations of young adults (45 and younger), this article suggests that value systems are sources of internal and external motivational forces which work to either suppress or to justify both subtle and blatant forms of ageism. It was hypothesised that, at the individual level, values precede any threat perception and negative stereotypical beliefs associated with older people, leading to forms of ageism which match the motivational goals of a person's values. It was further expected that, at the cultural level, values represent the climate in which people express ageist beliefs. It was found that self-transcendence values can bypass the negative effects of threat perception and negative stereotypes, resulting in less-negative forms of ageism. A sample comprising a clear majority of hierarchical, non-Western cultures showed that self-enhancement values also contributed motivational strength for the suppression of blatant ageism. A practical implication of these findings is the possibility of further developing existing strategies of combating ageism by working to effect appropriate long-term changes in the values of young adults.
A Visual Programming Approach for Co-designed Robots
Authors: Vázquez Andrés S. , Calvo Tomás , Fernández Raúl , Ramos Francisco 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an approach for the high-level programming of co-designed robots that reduces programming complexity. Particularly, the work presented focuses on the programming framework of an intelligent system, based on the IEEE Standard Ontologies for Robotics and Automation, which allows users the automatic design of robots and the automatic implementation of controllers in the Robot Operating System (ROS). In our approach, the co-designed robot functionalities are automatically translated into visual programming blocks allowing non-expert users an easy robot programming by means of a visual programming language. Several robot configurations and three case studies are provided as a proof of concept. The validation, in terms of usability, of the framework has been carried out with inexperienced users showing promising results.