bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communication through the electronic health record: frequency and implications of free text orders
Authors: Kandaswamy Swaminathan , Hettinger Aaron Z , Hoffman Daniel J , Ratwani Raj M , Marquard Jenna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Communication for non-medication order (CNMO) is a type of free text communication order providers use for asynchronous communication about patient care. The objective of this study was to understand the extent to which non-medication orders are being used for medication-related communication. We analyzed a sample of 26 524 CNMOs placed in 6 hospitals. A total of 42% of non-medication orders contained medication information. There was large variation in the usage of CNMOs across hospitals, provider settings, and provider types. The use of CNMOs for communicating medication-related information may result in delayed or missed medications, receiving medications that should have been discontinued, or important clinical decision being made based on inaccurate information. Future studies should quantify the implications of these data entry patterns on actual medication error rates and resultant safety issues.
Assessment of the vasoactive effects of the (S)-epimers of ergot alkaloids in vitro
Authors: Cherewyk Jensen E , Parker Sarah E , Blakley Barry R , Al-Dissi Ahmad N 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ergot alkaloids are produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea and their levels are carefully monitored in animal and human diets due to their harmful effects and widespread contamination of cereal crops. Ergot alkaloids exist in two forms known as the (R)- and (S)-epimers with only the former being monitored in diets in North America. The (S)-epimers of ergot alkaloids are thought to be biologically inactive and, therefore, harmless. A major mechanism by which the (R)-epimers of ergot alkaloids produce their toxic effect is through vasoconstriction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the vasoactivity potential (contractile response) of four (S)-epimers, namely ergocryptinine, ergocristinine, ergocorninine, and ergotaminine utilizing an in vitro arterial tissue bath system. Bovine metatarsal arteries (n = 6, ergocryptinine and ergocorninine; n = 6, ergocristinine and ergotaminine; n = 6 arteries/(S)-epimer, total n = 12) were collected from healthy mixed-breed beef steers immediately after slaughter, cut into 3-mm arterial cross sections, and suspended in a tissue bath with continuously oxygenated Krebs–Henseleit buffer. To assess the contractile response of each (S)-epimer, a cumulative contractile dose–response curve was constructed by incubating arteries with increasing concentrations (1 × 10−11 to 1 × 10−6 M) of that (S)-epimer. Contractile responses were recorded as grams of tension and were normalized to an initial contraction of phenylephrine. Contrary to the widespread belief, all tested (S)-epimers were found vasoactive and produced a concentration-dependent arterial contractile response similar to what has been reported for the (R)-epimers. The arterial contractile response to ergotaminine was strongest and was significantly greater than that of ergocryptinine and ergocristinine at the highest concentration used (P ≤ 0.01). Our results indicate that the (S)-epimers are biologically active and are likely harmful similar to the (R)-epimers. The levels of (S)-epimers should be carefully monitored in human and animal diets worldwide.
Differential Behavioral Responses of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Workers Toward Nestmate and Non-Nestmate Corpses
Authors: Qiu Hua-Long , Qin Chang-Sheng , Fox Eduardo G P , Wang De-Sen , He Yu-Rong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The removal of corpses (aka ‘necrophoric behavior’) is critical to sanitation in ant colonies. However, little is known about differences in the necrophoric responses of Solenopsis invicta workers towards corpses of nestmates and non-nestmates. We introduced corpses of S. invicta workers from either intracolony (i.e., nestmate) or intercolony (i.e., non-nestmate) origin at the entrance of artificial nests, and recorded workers’ aggressive responses and necrophoric behaviors for analysis. Solenopsis invicta workers displayed distinct responses towards corpses of different origins. Specifically, resident workers were more likely to remove fresh non-nestmate corpses than nestmate corpses, but there was no difference regarding corpses that had been dead for 15 min or longer. Resident workers reacted more aggressively to, and removed more quickly, fresh non-nestmate corpses than corpses of their nestmates. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the removal time between nestmate and non-nestmate corpses that had been dead for 15 min or longer. Resident workers always displayed stronger aggressiveness towards non-nestmate corpses than nestmate corpses, excepting to corpses that had been dead for 6 h, which elicited a response. No significant correlation between the removal times and aggressiveness levels were detected in any treatments. It remains to be tested whether this differential response is adaptive in how it influences colony fitness and competition.
Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure in an Adolescent With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Samies Nicole L , Pinninti Swetha , James Scott H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
There is growing appreciation of the wide range of clinical presentations seen in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rhabdomyolysis appears to be a rare, but potentially serious, manifestation of COVID-19. Here, we report an adolescent with COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis who required hemodialysis due to acute kidney injury. Pediatric providers should consider rhabdomyolysis and the possibility of acute renal failure in children with COVID-19.
Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (v4) Military Battery: Military Normative Data
Authors: Meyers John E , Vincent Andrea S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM®) is a validated computerized cognitive assessment battery that has been routinely used for cognitive health assessments for active duty service members. The purpose of the current study was to provide updated normative data for the ANAM Military-Expanded battery.

Materials and Methods
This study was a retrospective review of deidentified predeployment baseline data obtained for service members completing ANAM as part of the mandated Department of Defense clinical testing policy. The effects of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education were examined for all subtests and descriptive measures of performance were computed. Rates of low scores were also examined.

Results
Data from 1,067,899 active duty service members (88% male) were analyzed and represented all services and the Coast Guard. The sample ranged in age from 17 to 65 years (mean = 28.1, standard deviation [SD] = 8.4) was 66% White with a majority having education of 12 years or less (72%). Generally, small effect sizes were observed for each of the demographic factors with the largest effects observed for age. Rates of low scores on two or more tests in the battery were 10.6% using a more conservative cutpoint (≥1.3 SD below the mean) or 2.4% using the most stringent cutpoint (≥2 SD below the mean).

Conclusions
The current norms provide an update to previously published normative data and represent the largest, most representative set of data currently available for military personnel. Enhancements over previous norms include an expanded sample size, stratification by age (5-year increments), gender, race/ethnicity and education, and inclusion of all 10 tests in the ANAM Military-Expanded battery. These data are provided to assist healthcare providers using ANAM to assess and manage service member health.
Predicting dark matter halo formation in N-body simulations with deep regression networks
Authors: Bernardini M , Mayer L , Reed D , Feldmann R 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Dark matter haloes play a fundamental role in cosmological structure formation. The most common approach to model their assembly mechanisms is through N-body simulations. In this work, we present an innovative pathway to predict dark matter halo formation from the initial density field using a Deep Learning algorithm. We implement and train a Deep Convolutional Neural Network to solve the task of retrieving Lagrangian patches from which dark matter haloes will condense. The volumetric multilabel classification task is turned into a regression problem by means of the Euclidean distance transformation. The network is complemented by an adaptive version of the watershed algorithm to form the entire protohalo identification pipeline. We show that splitting the segmentation problem into two distinct subtasks allows for training smaller and faster networks, while the predictive power of the pipeline remains the same. The model is trained on synthetic data derived from a single full N-body simulation and achieves deviations of ∼10 per cent when reconstructing the dark matter halo mass function at z = 0. This approach represents a promising framework for learning highly non-linear relations in the primordial density field. As a practical application, our method can be used to produce mock dark matter halo catalogues directly from the initial conditions of N-body simulations.
Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) spectra of globular clusters and ultracompact dwarfs in the halo of M87
Authors: Forbes Duncan A , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Durré Mark , Brodie Jean P , Romanowsky Aaron J 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Using the Keck Cosmic Web Imager, we obtain spectra of several globular clusters (GCs), ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs), and the inner halo starlight of M87, at a similar projected galactocentric radius of ∼5 kpc. This enables us, for the first time, to apply the same stellar population analysis to the GCs, UCDs, and starlight consistently to derive ages, metallicities, and alpha-element abundances in M87. We find evidence for a dual stellar population in the M87 halo light, i.e. an ∼80 per cent component by mass that is old and metal-rich and a ∼20 per cent component that is old but metal-poor. Two red GCs share similar stellar populations to the halo light suggesting they may have formed contemporaneously with the dominant halo component. Three UCDs, and one blue GC, have similar stellar populations, with younger mean ages, lower metallicities, and near solar alpha-element abundances. Combined with literature data, our findings are consistent with the scenario that UCDs are the remnant nucleus of a stripped galaxy. We further investigate the discrepancy in the literature for M87’s kinematics at large radii, favouring a declining velocity dispersion profile. This work has highlighted the need for more self-consistent studies of galaxy haloes.
Coupling local to global star formation in spiral galaxies: the effect of differential rotation
Authors: Aouad Charles J , James Philip A , Chilingarian Igor V 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Star formation is one of the key factors that shapes galaxies. This process is relatively well understood from both simulations and observations on a small ‘local’ scale of individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs) and also on a ‘global’ galaxy-wide scale (e.g. the Kennicutt–Schmidt law). However, there is still no understanding on how to connect global to local star formation scales and whether this connection is at all possible. Here, we analyse spatially resolved kinematics and the star formation rate (SFR) density ΣSFR for a combined sample of 17 nearby spiral galaxies obtained using our own optical observations in Hα for nine galaxies and neutral hydrogen radio observations combined with a multiwavelength spectral energy distribution analysis for eight galaxies from the THINGS project. We show that the azimuthally averaged normalized SFR density in spiral galaxies on a scale of a few hundred parsecs is proportional to the kinetic energy of GMC collisions due to differential rotation of the galactic disc. This energy is calculated from the rotation curve using the two Oort parameters A and B as log (ΣSFR/SFRtot)∝log [2A2 + 5B2]. The total kinetic energy of collision is defined by the shear velocity that is proportional to A and the spin energy of a cloud proportional to the vorticity B. Hence, shear does not act as a stabilizing factor for the cloud collapse thus reducing star formation but rather increases it by boosting the kinetic energy of collisions.
The 2MASS redshift survey galaxy group catalogue derived from a graph-theory based friends-of-friends algorithm
Authors: Lambert Trystan S , Kraan-Korteweg R C , Jarrett T H , Macri L M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We present the galaxy group catalogue for the recently completed 2MASS Redshift Survey (2MRS; Macri et al. 2019) which consists of 44 572 redshifts, including 1041 new measurements for galaxies mostly located within the Zone of Avoidance. The galaxy group catalogue is generated by using a novel, graph-theory based, modified version of the friends-of-friends algorithm. Several graph-theory examples are presented throughout this paper, including a new method for identifying substructures within groups. The results and graph-theory methods have been thoroughly interrogated against previous 2MRS group catalogues and a Theoretical Astrophysical Observatory (TAO) mock by making use of cutting-edge visualization techniques including immersive facilities, a digital planetarium, and virtual reality. This has resulted in a stable and robust catalogue with on-sky positions and line-of-sight distances within 0.5 and 2 Mpc, respectively, and has recovered all major groups and clusters. The final catalogue consists of 3022 groups, resulting in the most complete ‘whole-sky’ galaxy group catalogue to date. We determine the 3D positions of these groups, as well as their luminosity and comoving distances, observed and corrected number of members, richness metric, velocity dispersion, and estimates of R200 and M200. We present three additional data products, i.e. the 2MRS galaxies found in groups, a catalogue of subgroups, and a catalogue of 687 new group candidates with no counterparts in previous 2MRS-based analyses.
The effects of cosmic rays on the formation of Milky Way-mass galaxies in a cosmological context
Authors: Buck Tobias , Pfrommer Christoph , Pakmor Rüdiger , Grand Robert J J , Springel Volker 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate the impact of cosmic rays (CRs) and different modes of CR transport on the properties of Milky Way-mass galaxies in cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations in the context of the AURIGA project. We systematically study how advection, anisotropic diffusion, and additional Alfvén-wave cooling affect the galactic disc and the circumgalactic medium (CGM). Global properties such as stellar mass and star formation rate vary little between simulations with and without various CR transport physics, whereas structural properties such as disc sizes, CGM densities, or temperatures can be strongly affected. In our simulations, CRs affect the accretion of gas on to galaxies by modifying the CGM flow structure. This alters the angular momentum distribution that manifests itself as a difference in stellar and gaseous disc size. The strength of this effect depends on the CR transport model: CR advection results in the most compact discs while the Alfvén-wave model resembles more the AURIGA model. The advection and diffusion models exhibit large (r ∼ 50 kpc) CR pressure-dominated gas haloes causing a smoother and partly cooler CGM. The additional CR pressure smoothes small-scale density peaks and compensates for the missing thermal pressure support at lower CGM temperatures. In contrast, the Alfvén-wave model is only CR pressure dominated at the disc–halo interface and only in this model the gamma-ray emission from hadronic interactions agrees with observations. In contrast to previous findings, we conclude that details of CR transport are critical for accurately predicting the impact of CR feedback on galaxy formation.
Inverse reconstruction of jet structure from off-axis gamma-ray burst afterglows
Authors: Takahashi Kazuya , Ioka Kunihito 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The gravitational wave event GW 170817 and the slowly rising afterglows of short gamma-ray burst (GRB) 170817A clearly suggest that the GRB jet has an angular structure. However the actual jet structure remains unclear as different authors give different structures. We formulate a novel method to inversely reconstruct the jet structure from off-axis GRB afterglows, without assuming any functional form of the structure in contrast to the previous studies. The jet structure is uniquely determined from the rising part of a light curve for a given parameter set by integrating an ordinary differential equation, which is derived from the standard theory of GRB afterglows. Applying to GRB 170817A, we discover that a non-trivial hollow-cone jet is consistent with the observed afterglows, as well as Gaussian and power-law jets within errors, which implies the Blandford–Znajek mechanism or ejecta–jet interaction. The current observations only constrain the jet core, not in principle the outer jet structure around the line of sight. More precise and high-cadence observations with our inversion method will fix the jet structure, providing a clue to the jet formation and propagation.
An open-label, randomized controlled trial of sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim for Pneumocystis prophylaxis: results of 52-week follow-up
Authors: Utsunomiya Masako , Dobashi Hiroaki , Odani Toshio , Saito Kazuyoshi , Yokogawa Naoto , Nagasaka Kenji , Takenaka Kenchi , Soejima Makoto , Sugihara Takahiko , Hagiyama Hiroyuki , Hirata Shinya , Matsui Kazuo , Nonomura Yoshinori , Kondo Masahiro , Suzuki Fumihito , Nawata Yasushi , Tomita Makoto , Kihara Mari , Yokoyama-Kokuryo Waka , Hirano Fumio , Yamazaki Hayato , Sakai Ryoko , Nanki Toshihiro , Koike Ryuji , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim was to investigate the long-term prophylactic efficacy, drug retention and safety of low-dose sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) prophylaxis against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP).

Methods
Adult patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prednisolone ≥0.6 mg/kg/day were randomized into the single-strength group (SS; SMX/TMP 400/80 mg daily), the half-strength group (HS; 200/40 mg daily) or the escalation group (ES; starting at 40/8 mg and increasing incrementally to 200/40 mg daily) and treated for 24 weeks, then observed for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint, the PCP non-incidence rate (non-IR) at week 24, has been reported previously. The secondary endpoints were the PCP non-IR at week 52, treatment discontinuation rate and adverse events.

Results
Fifty-eight, 59 and 55 patients in the SS, HS and ES, respectively, received SMX/TMP. PCP did not develop in any of the patients by week 52. The estimated PCP non-IR in patients receiving SMX/TMP 200/40 mg daily (HS and ES) was 96.8–100%. Throughout the 52-week observation period, the overall discontinuation rate was significantly lower in HS than in SS (22.7 vs 47.2%, P = 0.004). The discontinuation rates attributable to adverse events were significantly lower in HS (19.1%, P = 0.007) and ES (20.3%, P = 0.007) than in SS (41.8%). The IRs of adverse events requiring SMX/TMP dose reduction before week 52 differed among the three groups, with a significantly higher IR in SS than in HS or ES (P = 0.007).

Conclusion
SMX/TMP 200/40 mg had a high PCP prevention rate and was superior to SMX/TMP 400/80 mg in terms of drug retention and safety.

Trial registration
University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry, UMIN000007727.
1-2VASCULAR STIFFNESS ASSESSMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSIVE URGENCY IN A CARDIOLOGICAL UNIT IN SOUTH INDIA
Authors: Vamsi Varahabhatla , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Kamath Padmanabh , Ingrid Prkacin 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Hypertensive urgency is raised in systolic blood pressure greater than 120mmHg without evidence for target organ damage. Vascular stiffness can be assessed using oscillometric devices and determine cardiovascular risk for increased vascular age. When uncontrolled hypertensive urgency, manifests as a hypertensive emergency, which is high systolic and diastolic blood pressure values with target organ damage.

Aim:
To estimate the values of central blood pressure (CBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV) in patients with hypertensive urgency in a South Indian population.

Methods and materials:
We included 20 patients with a clinical diagnosis of hypertensive crisis with no end target organ damage, who entered the emergency outpatient clinics at Kasturba Medical hospital, Mangalore. The PWV, pulse pressure (PP), CBP, brachial pressure (BP) were evaluated using the noninvasive Agedio B900 device (Germany). Statistical data was processed in SPSS software; significant differences were considered at p < 0,05.

Results:
Average age of patients was 63.35 ± 9.74 years, 30% were females and 70% males. Average brachial systolic BP was 191,42 ± 9,88 mmHg. Average central systolic blood pressure was 178.35 ± 28.61 mm Hg, and the average central diastolic blood pressure was 115.64 ± 8.01. PWV for each patient was higher than the reference range for age with values of 11.74 ± 1.74 m/s. Median of increased vascular age compared to biological age of patients was 11 years. Student's t-test showed statistically significant difference between PWV measured in males and females (M-11.17 ± 1.74, F-10.85 ± 1.3; p = 0.008). Values of PWV showed a positive correlation with age (r = 0.838, p < 0.00001). Central systolic blood pressure shows a weak positive correlation with PWV (r = 0.1294, p = 0.05).

Conclusions:
The reason for increase in vascular stiffness in coastal population in India could be high salt intake, irregular diet and sleep. Pre-assessment reduces the risk of cardiovascular accidents occurrence and increases the quality of life.
1-4HIGH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN ADMISSION AS MORTALITY PREDICTOR SCORING SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
Authors: Pinzon Rizaldy , Hana Jesi Prilly Imanuella 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Some factors are related to the mortality in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Prognosis of SAH patients can be predicted with a scoring system. Some factors (high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, and high temperature) can be modified. The use of valid prognosis scoring system in Indonesia is very limited.

Aim:
To measure the factors which determine mortality in SAH patients and to predict the prognosis using score predictor of mortality.

Method:
In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from stroke registry and medical records at Bethesda Hospital Yogyakarta. The data were obtained from 80 patients with confirmed SAH that admitted for the first time in our hospital. Validity test was performed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and cut-off point using area under the curve (AUC).

Results:
The data from 80 patients with SAH. Multivariate analysis show there is a significant association between mortality and consciousness (p = 0.015), systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg (p = 0.022), blood glucose (p = 0.03) and the presence of complication (p = 0.006). Each variable has a score to determine the prognosis of SAH patients. The score has excellent ability to predict mortality of SAH patient (AUC) ROC 0.946 (p = < 0.001). High systolic blood pressure can be modified for better prognosis.

Conclusion:
Predictive of mortality score is valid to predict mortality in SAH patients.