bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Genomic Code: A Pervasive Encoding/Molding of Chromatin Structures and a Solution of the “Non‐Coding DNA” Mystery
Authors: Bernardi Giorgio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent investigations have revealed 1) that the isochores of the human genome group into two super‐families characterized by two different long‐range 3D structures, and 2) that these structures, essentially based on the distribution and topology of short sequences, mold primary chromatin domains (and define nucleosome binding). More specifically, GC‐poor, gene‐poor isochores are low‐heterogeneity sequences with oligo‐A spikes that mold the lamina‐associated domains (LADs), whereas GC‐rich, gene‐rich isochores are characterized by single or multiple GC peaks that mold the topologically associating domains (TADs). The formation of these “primary TADs” may be followed by extrusion under the action of cohesin and CTCF. Finally, the genomic code, which is responsible for the pervasive encoding and molding of primary chromatin domains (LADs and primary TADs, namely the “gene spaces”/“spatial compartments”) resolves the longstanding problems of “non‐coding DNA,” “junk DNA,” and “selfish DNA” leading to a new vision of the genome as shaped by DNA sequences.
Using a script procedure without fading to increase novel behavior in a conversation between children with autism
Authors: Yamamoto Shinya , Isawa Shinzo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a prompting procedure (using a textual script without fading) in increasing novel behavior during conversations by children with autism. Four children with autism participated in the study. Dependent variables were scripted behavior, unscripted behavior, novel behavior, and inappropriate statements in a conversation between children with autism. This study used an ABCA design, the baseline, a script procedure, a script removal, and a return to baseline phase. In the baseline, participants infrequently emitted novel behavior and emitted inappropriate statements. When the script procedure was introduced, all participants emitted novel behavior and appropriate behavior more often than during baseline with fewer inappropriate statements. These gains were maintained in the script removal and return to baseline conditions. Three out of four participants continued to emit novel behavior during follow up probes. These results indicate that the script procedure without fading was useful for increasing novel behavior and appropriate statements.
Real‐Time BODIPY‐Binding Assay To Screen Inhibitors of the Early Oligomerization Process of Aβ1–42 Peptide
Authors: Tonali Nicolo , Dodero Veronica I. , Kaffy Julia , Hericks Loreen , Ongeri Sandrine , Sewald Norbert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMisfolding and aggregation of amyloid β1–42 peptide (Aβ1–42) play a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting the highly cytotoxic oligomeric species formed during the early stages of the aggregation process represents a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the toxicity associated with Aβ1–42. Currently, the thioflavin T (ThT) assay is the only established spectrofluorometric method to screen aggregation inhibitors. The success of the ThT assay is that it can detect Aβ1–42 aggregates with high β‐sheet content, such as protofibrils or fibrils, which appear in the late aggregation steps. Unfortunately, by using the ThT assay, the detection of inhibitors of early soluble oligomers that present a low β‐sheet character is challenging. Herein, a new, facile, and robust boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) real‐time assay suitable for 96‐well plate format, which allows screening of compounds as selective inhibitors of the formation of Aβ1–42 oligomers, is reported. These inhibitors decrease the cellular toxicity of Aβ1–42, although they fail in the ThT assay. The findings have been confirmed and validated by structural analysis and cell viability assays under comparable experimental conditions. It is demonstrated that the BODIPY assay is a convenient method to screen and discover new candidate compounds that slow down or stop the pathological early oligomerization process and are active in the cellular assay. Therefore, it is a suitable complementary screening method of the current ThT assay.
Solid‐State Conversion Synthesis of Advanced Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Xiaomin , Shi Yanmei , Wang Kang , Yu Yifu , Zhang Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrolytic water technology is promising for sustainable energy utilization, but the lack of efficient electrocatalysts retards its application. The intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts is determined by its electronic structure, whereas the apparent activity can be further optimized by reasonable design on micro‐/nanostructures of electrocatalysts. The core goal of electrocatalytic research is to reveal the relationship between the structure and performance of electrocatalysts, which is also the basis of reasonable design and construction of efficient electrocatalysts. Traditional synthetic methods, namely bottom‐up and top‐down routes, usually induce the change of different structural parameters at the same time. The solid‐state conversion strategy, which is converts solid precursors into target materials through chemical reactions, has been widely adopted to produce materials with precisely controllable structures. In this Minireview, we focus on recent advances in the solid‐state conversion synthesis of water‐splitting electrocatalysts. First, the basis of solid‐state conversion chemistry is introduced. Then, the specific methods of precise control of electronic structure by solid‐state conversion and the relationship between electronic structure and performance are summarized. Based on the understanding of the electronic structure–performance relationship, synergistic regulation of electronic structure and micro‐/nanostructures by solid‐state conversion to achieve the copromotion of intrinsic activity and apparent activity are described. Finally, the remaining challenges in this field are discussed, and future research directions are proposed as well.
Änderungsfest
Authors: Neupert Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie Blockchaintechnologie ermöglicht zusammen mit Smart Contracts digitale Zwillinge von kompletten Wertschöpfungsketten. Welche Flexibilität sich in einem Gesamtsystem aus einfachen Bausteinen schaffen lässt, bleibt abzuwarten. Aktuell fordert die vorhan
Früherkennung
Authors: Dasgupta Subhashish , Kariwala Vinay 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDie Flowmeter‐Messprodukte von ABB spiegeln die neuesten Entwicklungen in der Durchflusssensorik wider. Das neue Tool von ABB, ein digitaler Zwilling, imitiert den aktuellen Durchflussmesser in einer virtuellen Umgebung und prognostiziert die Leistung des
Hochleistungspulver am Puls der Zeit
Authors: Wagner Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaterialien der Zukunft bedingen immer spezifischere Eigenschaftsprofile. Die Glatt Pulversynthese setzt Maßstäbe bei der Herstellung neuer Pulverwerkstoffe für Hochleistungskeramiken, Batteriewerkstoffe, Katalysatoren oder Spezialpigmente.
Optimized NMR Experiments for the Isolation of I=1/2 Manifold Transitions in Methyl Groups of Proteins
Authors: Tugarinov Vitali , Karamanos Theodoros K. , Ceccon Alberto , Clore G. Marius 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOptimized NMR experiments are developed for isolating magnetization belonging to the I=1/2 manifolds of 13CH3 methyl groups in proteins, enabling the manipulation of the magnetization of a 13CH3 moiety as if it were an AX (1H‐13C) spin‐system. These experiments result in the same ‘simplification’ of a 13CH3 spin‐system that would be obtained from the production of {13CHD2}‐methyl‐labeled protein samples. The sensitivity of I=1/2 manifold‐selection experiments is a factor of approximately 2 less than that of the corresponding experiments acquired on {13CHD2}‐labeled methyl groups. The methodology described here is primarily intended for small‐to‐medium sized proteins, where the losses in sensitivity associated with the isolation of I=1/2 manifold transitions can be tolerated. Several NMR applications that benefit from simplification of the 13CH3 (AX3) spin‐systems are described, with an emphasis on the measurements of methyl 1H‐13C residual dipolar couplings in a {13CH3}‐methyl‐labeled deletion mutant of the human chaperone DNAJB6b, where modulation of NMR signal intensities due to evolution of methyl 1H‐13C scalar and dipolar couplings follows a simple cosine function characteristic of an AX (1H‐13C) spin‐system, significantly simplifying data analysis.
Evaluating the changes in molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence: A comparison of two cross‐sectional studies in two elementary schools in Mexico City between 2008 and 2017
Authors: Irigoyen‐Camacho Maria Esther , Villanueva‐Gutierrez Teresa , Castano‐Seiquer Antonio , Molina‐Frechero Nelly , Zepeda‐Zepeda Marco , Sánchez‐Pérez Leonor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle information is available on the trends over time of the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). This condition may be preventing dental caries decline.Aim(a) To compare the prevalence of MIH, in Mexico City schoolchildren, evaluated in 2008 with a group evaluated in 2017, (b) to identify the association of MIH with dental caries, and (c) to assess the mother's perception of her child's oral health status.DesignTwo cross‐sectional studies performed in 2008 and in 2017 were compared. The oral examiner and the selected schools were the same in both surveys.ResultsA total of 549 schoolchildren were evaluated. The prevalence of MIH in the first survey was 20.3%, and 31.9 % in the second survey, (p= .002). Children with MIH were more likely to have dental caries. The odds ratio was 2.24 (p= .036) and 4.18 (p˂ .001) in the first and second surveys, respectively. Mothers of children with MIH perceived worse oral health status of their children than the mothers whose children did not have MIH (odds ratio = 4.47,p˂ .001).ConclusionThe findings portray a clear increase in prevalence of MIH and highlight the need for increased awareness about this condition among dentists and the general population.
Contemporary chiral simulators for capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Caslavska Jitka , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFor separation of enantiomers in presence of a chiral selector, data obtained with the 1D dynamic simulators SIMUL5complex and GENTRANS are compared to data predicted by PeakMaster 6, a recently released generalized model of the linear theory of electromigration. Four electrophoretic systems with stereoisomers of weak bases were investigated. They deal with the estimation of input data for complexation together with the elucidation of the origin of observed system peaks, the interference of analyte and system peak migration, the change of enantiomer migration order as function of the selector concentration and the inversion of analyte migration direction in presence of a multiply negatively charged selector. For all systems, data predicted with PeakMaster 6 are in agreement with those of the dynamic simulators and simulation data compare well with experimental data that were monitored with setups featuring conductivity and/or UV absorbance detection along the capillary. SIMUL5complex and GENTRANS provide the full dynamics of any buffer and sample arrangement and require very long execution time intervals. PeakMaster 6 is restricted to conventional CZE, is based on an approximate solution of the transport equations, provides data for realistic experimental conditions within seconds and represents a practical tool for an experimentalist.
Profiling Korean sex crimes: Offender characteristics and crime scene actions
Authors: Kim Sunghwan , Almond Louise , Eyre Marie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the demographic information of sex offenders in South Korea and explore whether a U.K. thematic model of criminal behaviour could be replicated in the Korean context. The 27 variables of crime scene actions derived from 50 Korean sexual offences through a content analysis were analysed with smallest space analysis. Chi‐square was also administered to explore the differences in offender characteristics among behavioural themes. Consequently, three separate action themes, hostility–involvement, theft, and control, were revealed. Next, each case was assigned to one of the dominant or hybrid themes, with 84% of the total cases being classified to the dominant themes. Moreover, there were significant differences in four offender characteristics between the themes: “previous conviction of robbery,” “previous conviction of sexual crime,” “knowing the victim,” and “vehicle use.” These outcomes have implications for the development of the Korean profiling system.
Aqueous two‐phase systems based on deep eutectic solvents and their application in green separation processes
Authors: Zhao Rong‐tao , Pei Dong , Yu Pei‐liang , Wei Jan‐teng , Wang Ning‐li , Di Duo‐Long , Liu Ye‐wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAs a new environmentally friendly separation technology, deep eutectic solvent based aqueous two‐phase systems are extensively applied in various fields. Herein, we review recent advances in this field and highlight the possible directions of future developments. This article focuses on the effects of deep eutectic solvent and inorganic salts on the phase equilibrium, the microstructure of deep eutectic solvent based aqueous two‐phase systems, the applications of deep eutectic solvent based aqueous two‐phase systems in separation (proteins, biopolymers, saponins, and organic acids), and removal and recovery technologies for deep eutectic solvent from aqueous two‐phase systems.
Placental endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and role of oxidative stress in susceptibility to preeclampsia in Pakistani women
Authors: Shaheen Ghazala , Jahan Sarwat , Ain Qurat Ul , Ullah Asad , Afsar Tayyaba , Almajwal Ali , Alam Iftikhar , Razak Suhail 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia (PE): a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by de novo development of concurrent hypertension and proteinuria. The prevailing theory determined that PE starts from the placenta and ends in the maternal endothelium. Role of endothelial dysfunction in the onset of PE has been reported in different populations. Therefore, present study was designed to investigate the localization and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and role of oxidative stress markers in preeclamptic Pakistani women.MethodsA total of 400 blood samples (PE = 200, controls = 200) and 100 placental tissues (PE = 50, controls = 50) were recruited from pregnant women. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) levels were analyzed through spectrophotometer. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were carried out to estimate the localization and expression of eNOS in the placentas of PE patients and healthy pregnant women.ResultsSignificantly increased levels of POD (0.01), TBARS (0.04), and ROS (p ≤ .001) were determined in preeclamptic women while, nonsignificant change in SOD and CAT was observed in both groups. Reduced eNOS immunoreactivity (p ≤ .001) and mRNA abundance (p ≤ .001) was observed in preeclamptic group as compared to control group.ConclusionConsidering the results of current study, it is concluded that decreased eNOS expression and oxidative stress could play a role in the pathology of PE seen both in placenta and ultimately in maternal endothelium. However, large studies are necessary to validate these findings to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Pakistani population.
The incidence of orthostatic intolerance after bariatric surgery
Authors: Zhang James B. , Tamboli Robyn A. , Albaugh Vance L. , Williams David B. , Kilkelly Donna M. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Shibao Cyndya A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAimsEvery year, over 200 000 individuals undergo bariatric surgery for the treatment of extreme obesity in the United States. Several retrospective studies describe the occurrence of orthostatic intolerance (OI) syndrome after bariatric surgery. However, the incidence of this syndrome remains unknown.Materials and methodsWe used a prospective, de‐identified registry of 4547 patients who have undergone bariatric surgery at Vanderbilt to identify cases of new‐onset OI. Structured chart reviews were conducted for all subjects who reported new‐onset OI post surgery. Cases of OI were confirmed using an operational case definition developed by the Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center, and autonomic function tests results were examined for evidence of impaired autonomic function. The cumulative incidence of post‐bariatric surgery OI syndrome was estimated using a life table.ResultsSeven hundred forty‐one of 4547 (16.3%) patients included in our cohort reported new OI symptoms after surgery. After the chart review, we confirmed the presence of post–bariatric surgery OI syndrome in 85 patients, 14 with severe OI requiring pressor agents. At 5 years post surgery, follow‐up is reduced to 15%; the unadjusted 5‐year prevalence of OI was 1.9%. The cumulative incidence of OI syndrome adjusted for loss of follow‐up was 4.2%. Most OI cases developed during weight‐stable months (±5 kg). At the time of identification, 13% of OI cases showed evidence of impaired sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity.ConclusionOI is frequent in the bariatric population, affecting 4.2% of patients within the first 5 years postoperatively. In 13% of post–bariatric surgery OI patients, there was evidence of impaired sympathetic vasoconstriction activity.
The effect of westerlies on East African rainfall and the associated role of tropical cyclones and the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Finney Declan L. , Marsham John H. , Walker Dean P. , Birch Cathryn E. , Woodhams Beth J. , Jackson Lawrence S. , Hardy Sam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVariability of rainfall in East Africa has major impacts on lives and livelihoods. From floods to droughts, this variability is important on short daily time‐scales to longer decadal time‐scales, as is apparent from the devastating effects of droughts in East Africa over recent decades. Past studies have highlighted the Congo airmass in enhancing East African rainfall. Our detailed analysis of the feature shows that days with a westerly moisture flow, bringing the Congo airmass, enhance rainfall by up to 100% above the daily mean, depending on the time of year. Conversely, there is a suppression of rainfall on days with a strong easterly flow. Days with a westerly moisture flux are in a minority in all seasons but we show that long rains with more westerly days are wetter, and that during the most‐recent decade which has had more frequent droughts (associated with the “Eastern African climate paradox”), there has been few days with such westerlies. We also investigate the influence of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) and tropical cyclones, and their interaction with the westerly flow. We show that days of westerly moisture flux are more likely during phases 3 and 4 of the MJO and when there are one or more tropical cyclones present. In addition, tropical cyclones are more likely to form during these phases of the MJO, and more likely to be coincident with westerlies when forming to the east of Madagascar. Overall, our analysis brings together many different processes that have been discussed in the literature but not yet considered in complete combination. The results demonstrate the importance of the Congo airmass on daily to climate time‐scales, and in doing so offers useful angles of investigation for future studies into prediction of East African rainfall.
Synthesis, Biological and Molecular Docking Study of Benzimidazole‐Clubbed Tetrahydrothieno [3, 2‐c] Pyridine as Platelet Inhibitors
Authors: Bhalekar Sujit B. , Shelke Sharad N. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo novel series of tetrahydrothienopyridine clubbed benzimidazole hybrids were synthesized, characterized by spectral studies 1H NMR, IR and mass analysis. Synthesized analogs were screened for in vitro antiplatelet activity. In addition, active analogs were further subjected in presence of proton pump inhibitors against standard prasugrel and aspirin to check minimization in antiplatelet activity. Active analogs 1‐(2‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐6,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridin‐5(4H)‐yl)ethan‐1‐one (11) and (2‐(1‐(2‐fluorobenzyl)‐1H‐benzo[d]imidazol‐2‐yl)‐6,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐c]pyridin‐5(4H)‐yl)(3,4,5‐trichlorophenyl)methanone (25) were significantly found more active than the standards in the presence of proton pump inhibitors. The structure and antiplatelet activity relationship was supported by molecular docking studies of active analogs to know how effectively, activity influenced by the merger of proton pump inhibitor precursor benzimidazole. The above studies successfully revealed that the synthesized analogs may found more active with further amendments via pharmacological point of view.
Highly efficient nanostructured CoFe2O4 thin film electrodes for electrochemical degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Labchir Nabil , Amaterz Elhassan , Hannour Abdelkrim , Ait hssi Abderrahim , Vincent Didier , Ihlal Ahmed , Sajieddine Mohammed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report the application of highly efficient electrodeposited cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) thin films in electrochemical degradation of rhodamine B. XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopic studies confirmed the formation of single phase CoFe2O4. SEM analysis revealed a very fine nanorods dispersed uniformly with average size around 30 nm. UV‐Vis spectrophotometry emphasized that the optical band gap value is 1.6 eV. Moreover, the elaborated CoFe2O4 thin films showed a good efficiency for the electrochemical degradation of an aqueous solution of rhodamine B (RhB) attaining 99% during the first 3 min of reaction time. The trapping experiments revealed that the hydroxyl radicals were the main active species leading to the removal of RhB initial concentration of 10 mg/L in a very short time.Practitioner points

A simple electrodeposition technique was used to fabricate CoFe2O4 thin.

XRD and FTIR studies revealed the formation of pure cubic spinel phase.

Nano‐rod like morphology has been successfully synthesized.

The rhodamine B aqueous solution has been completely decolorized using the obtained CoFe2O4 thin films.
Loop-enhanced rate of neutrinoless double beta decay
Authors: Rodejohann Werner , Xu Xun-Jie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Neutrino masses can be generated radiatively. In such scenarios their masses are calculated by evaluating a self-energy diagram with vanishing external momentum, i.e. taking only the leading order term in a momentum expansion. The difference between the full self-energy and the mass is experimentally difficult to access, since one needs off-shell neutrinos to observe it. However, massive Majorana neutrinos that mediate neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) are off-shell, with the virtuality of order 100 MeV. If the energy scale of the self-energy loop is of the order of this virtuality, the amplitude of double beta decay can be modified by the unsuppressed loop effect. This can have a drastic impact on the interpretation of future observations or limits of the 0νββ decay.