bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Context information supports serial dependence of multiple visual objects across memory episodes
Authors: Fischer Cora , Czoschke Stefan , Peters Benjamin , Rahm Benjamin , Kaiser Jochen , Bledowski Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSerial dependence is thought to promote perceptual stability by compensating for small changes of an object’s appearance across memory episodes. So far, it has been studied in situations that comprised only a single object. The question of how we selectively create temporal stability of several objects remains unsolved. In a memory task, objects can be differentiated by their to-be-memorized feature (content) as well as accompanying discriminative features (context). We test whether congruent context features, in addition to content similarity, support serial dependence. In four experiments, we observe a stronger serial dependence between objects that share the same context features across trials. Apparently, the binding of content and context features is not erased but rather carried over to the subsequent memory episode. As this reflects temporal dependencies in natural settings, our findings reveal a mechanism that integrates corresponding content and context features to support stable representations of individualized objects over time.
Sex differences in leukocyte profile in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients
Authors: van Blokland Irene V. , Groot Hilde E. , Hendriks Tom , Assa Solmaz , van der Harst Pim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground: Whether sex differences exist in the inflammatory response after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remains to be elucidated. We studied leukocyte profiles and their prognostic value in men and women presenting with STEMI. Methods: From a total of 552 consecutive STEMI patients, blood samples were collected at hospital admission. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between leukocyte profiles and enzymatic infarct size. Cox regression was used to assess the association between leukocyte profiles and one-year mortality. Results: Women presented with higher lymphocyte counts (2.3·109 cells/L (IQR 1.6–3.1) vs. 1.8·109 cells/L (IQR 1.4–2.5), p = 3.00 ∙ 10−4) and percentages (21.1% (IQR 14.4–28.1) vs. 17.1% (IQR 12.3–24.3), p = 0.004). Lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) was also higher in women (3.25 (IQR 2.56–4.5) vs. 2.68 (IQR 2.08–3.59), p = 7.28 ∙ 10−7). Higher LMR was associated with lower peak CK-MB (β = −0.27 (95% CI: −0.50, −0.03), p = 0.026), lower peak troponin T (β = −0.45 (95% CI: −0.77, −0.13), p = 0.006) and lower one-year mortality risk (HR 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.96), p = 0.042). Conclusion: At admission for STEMI, women present with higher lymphocyte count and LMR. Higher LMR is associated with smaller infarct size and decreased one-year mortality risk and could be used as a biomarker to predict outcome.
OutPredict: multiple datasets can improve prediction of expression and inference of causality
Authors: Cirrone Jacopo , Brooks Matthew D. , Bonneau Richard , Coruzzi Gloria M. , Shasha Dennis E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ability to accurately predict the causal relationships from transcription factors to genes would greatly enhance our understanding of transcriptional dynamics. This could lead to applications in which one or more transcription factors could be manipulated to effect a change in genes leading to the enhancement of some desired trait. Here we present a method called OutPredict that constructs a model for each gene based on time series (and other) data and that predicts gene's expression in a previously unseen subsequent time point. The model also infers causal relationships based on the most important transcription factors for each gene model, some of which have been validated from previous physical experiments. The method benefits from known network edges and steady-state data to enhance predictive accuracy. Our results across B. subtilis, Arabidopsis, E.coli, Drosophila and the DREAM4 simulated in silico dataset show improved predictive accuracy ranging from 40% to 60% over other state-of-the-art methods. We find that gene expression models can benefit from the addition of steady-state data to predict expression values of time series. Finally, we validate, based on limited available data, that the influential edges we infer correspond to known relationships significantly more than expected by chance or by state-of-the-art methods.
Optical properties of a hexagonal C/BN framework with sp2 and sp3 hybridized bonds
Authors: Bu Hongxia , Zheng Haibin , Zhang Hongyu , Yuan Huimin , Zhao Jingfen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe investigated the optical properties and roles of sp2- and sp3-hybridized bonds of a hexagonal C/BN family using first-principles calculations. The calculated phonon dispersions confirm the dynamic stability of Hex-(BN)6C12 and Hex-C12(BN)6. The complex dielectric function evolves from the infrared to the ultraviolet region and has a significant anisotropy for different polarizations. The reflectivity and refractive index spectra show that the sp2-hybridized C atoms are more sensitive to the light from infrared to visible region than B-N pairs while the C atoms and B-N pairs have a similar sensitivity to high frequencies. The sharp peaks of the energy-loss spectrum are all concentrated in the 23–30 eV energy region, which can be used to identify these hexagonal structures. The calculated band structures show Hex-C24 and Hex-(BN)6C12 are metals, but Hex-C12(BN)6 and Hex-(BN)12 are semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 3.47 and 3.25 eV, respectively. The electronic states near the Fermi level primarily originate from sp2-hybridized atoms. In addition, sp2-hybridized bonds are the main elements affecting the optical and electronic structure of C/BN materials with sp2- and sp3-hybridizations. We expect that the results presented will help understand the optical properties of C/BN materials containing sp2- and sp3-hybridized C atoms and B-N pairs.
Sliding twin-domains in self-heated needle-like VO2 single crystals
Authors: Fisher Bertina , Patlagan Larisa , Reisner George M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe prototypical metal-insulator transition in VO2 at 340 K is from a high-temperature rutile phase to a low-temperature monoclinic phase. The lower symmetry of the monoclinic structure removes the degeneracy of the two equivalent directions of the tetragonal structure, giving rise to twin domains. Since formation of domain walls require energy most needle-like monoclinic single crystal are single-domain. The mixed metal-insulator state in self-heated needle-like single crystals exhibits various domain patterns, the most remarkable being static insulating triangular domains embedded in the metal and narrow insulating domains sliding along the metallic background in the direction of the electric current. Reported here are results obtained for some rare needle-like twinned VO2 single crystals. Such sample revealed a unique feature: joint static triangular twins emit sliding twin domains, first overlapping and later disjoining. Dark and bright twins and dim metallic background were seen for optimal orientation under a microscope, due to polarization by reflection.
High mobility approaching the intrinsic limit in Ta-doped SnO2 films epitaxially grown on TiO2 (001) substrates
Authors: Fukumoto Michitaka , Nakao Shoichiro , Shigematsu Kei , Ogawa Daisuke , Morikawa Kazuo , Hirose Yasushi , Hasegawa Tetsuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAchieving high mobility in SnO2, which is a typical wide gap oxide semiconductor, has been pursued extensively for device applications such as field effect transistors, gas sensors, and transparent electrodes. In this study, we investigated the transport properties of lightly Ta-doped SnO2(Sn1−xTaxO2, TTO) thin films epitaxially grown on TiO2(001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The carrier density (ne) of the TTO films was systematically controlled byx. Optimized TTO (x = 3 × 10−3) films withne~ 1 × 1020 cm−3exhibited a very high Hall mobility (μH) of 130 cm2V−1s−1at room temperature, which is the highest among SnO2films thus far reported. TheμHvalue coincided well with the intrinsic limit ofμHcalculated on the assumption that only phonon and ionized impurities contribute to the carrier scattering. The suppressed grain-boundary scattering might be explained by the reduced density of the {101} crystallographic shear planes.
Comparative Analysis on Dielectric Gold and Aluminium Triangular Junctions: Impact of Ionic Strength and Background Electrolyte by pH Variations
Authors: Letchumanan Iswary , Md Arshad M. K. , Gopinath Subash C. B. , Rajapaksha R. D. A. A. , Balakrishnan S. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractField of generating a surface thin film is emerging broadly in sensing applications to obtain the quick and fast results by forming the high-performance sensors. Incorporation of thin film technologies in sensor development for the better sensing could be a promising way to attain the current requirements. This work predominantly delineates the fabrication of the dielectric sensor using two different sensing materials (Gold and Aluminium). Conventional photolithography was carried out using silicon as a base material and the photo mask of the dielectric sensor was designed by AutoCAD software. The physical characterization of the fabricated sensor was done by Scanning Electron Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, High Power Microscope and 3D-nano profiler. The electrical characterization was performed using Keithley 6487 picoammeter with a linear sweep voltage of 0 to 2 V at 0.01 V step voltage. By pH scouting, I-V measurements on the bare sensor were carried out, whereby the gold electrodes conducts a least current than aluminium dielectrodes. Comparative analysis with pH scouting reveals that gold electrode is suitable under varied ionic strengths and background electrolytes, whereas aluminium electrodes were affected by the extreme acid (pH 1) and alkali (pH 12) solutions.
Nano-TiO2 reinforced CoCr matrix wear resistant composites and high-temperature tribological behaviors under unlubricated condition
Authors: Cui Gongjun , Liu Yanping , Li Sai , Liu Huiqiang , Gao Guijun , Kou Ziming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe CoCrMo matrix composites with nano-TiO2 particle (2 wt.%, 4 wt.% and 6 wt.%) were fabricated by using a powder metallurgy technique (P/M), and the nano-TiO2 content was optimized in matrix. The microstructures, mechanical and high-temperature tribological properties of the synthesized composites were systematically studied. Friction and wear behaviors were studied by using a disk-on-ball tribo-tester sliding against Si3N4 ceramic ball from room temperature (23 oC) to 1000 oC in air. TiO2 obviously strengthened the hardness and high-temperature wear resistance of composites. It was attributed to the high load-carrying capacity of matrix, in-situ formed high-temperature solid lubricants and stable oxides film on the wear tracks. 4 wt.% TiO2 was the critical threshold at which there was a transition of tribological properties over a broad temperature range. The composite containing 4 wt.% nano-TiO2 exhibited the most reasonable high-temperature friction coefficient and wear rate at all testing temperatures. At different testing temperatures, the composites showed different wear mechanisms.
VISUAL-CC system uncovers the role of GSK3 as an orchestrator of vascular cell type ratio in plants
Authors: Tamaki Takayuki , Oya Satoyo , Naito Makiko , Ozawa Yasuko , Furuya Tomoyuki , Saito Masato , Sato Mayuko , Wakazaki Mayumi , Toyooka Kiminori , Fukuda Hiroo , Helariutta Ykä , Kondo Yuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe phloem transports photosynthetic assimilates and signalling molecules. It mainly consists of sieve elements (SEs), which act as “highways” for transport, and companion cells (CCs), which serve as “gates” to load/unload cargos. Though SEs and CCs function together, it remains unknown what determines the ratio of SE/CC in the phloem. Here we develop a new culture system for CC differentiation in Arabidopsis named VISUAL-CC, which almost mimics the process of the SE–CC complex formation. Comparative expression analysis in VISUAL-CC reveals that SE and CC differentiation tends to show negative correlation, while total phloem differentiation is unchanged. This varying SE/CC ratio is largely dependent on GSK3 kinase activity. Indeed, gsk3 hextuple mutants possess many more SEs and fewer CCs, whereas gsk3 gain-of-function mutants partially increase the CC number. Taken together, GSK3 activity appears to function as a cell-fate switch in the phloem, thereby balancing the SE/CC ratio.
Myc plays an important role in Drosophila P-M hybrid dysgenesis to eliminate germline cells with genetic damage
Authors: Ota Ryoma , Kobayashi Satoru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetic damage in the germline induced byP-element mobilization causes a syndrome known as P-M hybrid dysgenesis (HD), which manifests as elevated mutation frequency and loss of germline cells. In this study, we found that Myc plays an important role in eliminating germline cells in the context of HD.P-element mobilization resulted in downregulation of Myc expression in the germline.Mycknockdown caused germline elimination; conversely,Mycoverexpression rescued the germline loss caused byP-element mobilization. Moreover, restoration of fertility byMycresulted in the production of gametes with elevated mutation frequency and reduced ability to undergo development. Our results demonstrate thatMycdownregulation mediates elimination of germline cells with accumulated genetic damage, and that failure to remove these cells results in increased production of aberrant gametes. Therefore, we propose that elimination of germline cells mediated byMycdownregulation is a quality control mechanism that maintains the genomic integrity of the germline.
Vestibular Function and Motion Sickness Susceptibility: Videonystagmographic Evidence From Oculomotor and Caloric Tests
Authors: Fowler Cynthia G. , Dallapiazza Margaret , Hadsell Kathleen Talbot 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Motion sickness (MS) is a common condition that affects millions of individuals. Although the condition is common and can be debilitating, little research has focused on the vestibular function associated with susceptibility to MS. One causal theory of MS is an asymmetry of vestibular function within or between ears. The purposes of this study, therefore, were (a) to determine if the vestibular system (oculomotor and caloric tests) in videonystagmography (VNG) is associated with susceptibility to MS and (b) to determine if these tests support the theory of an asymmetry between ears associated with MS susceptibility.

Method
VNG was used to measure oculomotor and caloric responses. Fifty young adults were recruited; 50 completed the oculomotor tests, and 31 completed the four caloric irrigations. MS susceptibility was evaluated with the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire–Short Form; in this study, percent susceptibility ranged from 0% to 100% in the participants. Participants were divided into three susceptibility groups (Low, Mid, and High). Repeated-measures analyses of variance and pairwise comparisons determined significance among the groups on the VNG test results.

Results
Oculomotor test results revealed no significant differences among the MS susceptibility groups. Caloric stimuli elicited responses that were correlated positively with susceptibility to MS. Slow-phase velocity was slowest in the Low MS group compared to the Mid and High groups. There was no significant asymmetry between ears in any of the groups.

Conclusions
MS susceptibility was significantly and positively correlated with caloric slow-phase velocity. Although asymmetries between ears are purported to be associated with MS, asymmetries were not evident. Susceptibility to MS may contribute to interindividual variability of caloric responses within the normal range.
Prevalence of Pre-Existing Hearing Loss Among Patients With Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa
Authors: Hong Hyejeong , Dowdy David W. , Dooley Kelly E. , Francis Howard W. , Budhathoki Chakra , Han Hae-Ra , Farley Jason E. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Hearing loss, resulting from aminoglycoside ototoxicity, is common among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Those with pre-existing hearing loss are at particular risk of clinically important hearing loss with aminoglycoside-containing treatment than those with normal hearing at baseline. This study aimed to identify factors associated with pre-existing hearing loss among patients being treated for DR-TB in South Africa.

Method
Cross-sectional analysis nested within a cluster-randomized trial data across 10 South African TB hospitals. Patients ≥ 13 years old received clinical and audiological evaluations before DR-TB treatment initiation.

Results

Of 936 patients, average age was 35 years. One hundred forty-two (15%) reported pre-existing auditory symptoms. Of 482 patients tested by audiometry, 290 (60%) had pre-existing hearing loss. The prevalence of pre-existing hearing loss was highest among patients ≥ 50 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPrR] for symptoms 5.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) [3.63, 8.42]; aPrR for audiometric hearing loss 1.63, 95% CI [1.31, 2.03] compared to age 13–18 years) and among those with a prior history of second-line TB treatment (aPrR for symptoms 1.73, 95% CI [1.66, 1.80]; PrR for audiometric hearing loss 1.33, 95% CI [1.03, 1.73]). Having HIV with cluster of differentiation 4 cell count < 200 cells/mm
3
and malnutrition were risk factors but did not reach statistical significance in adjusted analyses.

Conclusion
Pre-existing hearing loss is common among patients presenting for DR-TB treatment in South Africa, and those older than the age of 50 years or who had prior second-line TB treatment history were at highest risk.
Knowledge, Training, and Attitudes of Students and Speech-Language Pathologists About Providing Communication Services to Individuals Who Are Transgender
Authors: Matthews Jairus-Joaquin , Olszewski Abbie , Petereit Juli 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Little is known about the professional knowledge, training, and attitudes of current and future speech-language pathologists (SLPs) toward serving people who are transgender. The purpose of this study was to understand the current climate of students and professionals in delivering voice and communications services to people who are transgender. An understanding of these areas is necessary to help practicing and aspiring SLPs work toward cultural competence in serving this population.

Method
A survey was completed by 386 speech-language pathology students and SLPs at three professional conferences. The survey assessed the professional and ethical knowledge, training experiences, and attitudes of the participants in relation to communication services for people who are transgender.

Results
In terms of professional knowledge, the majority of students and experienced SLP respondents agreed or strongly agreed (77.8%) that treating clients who are transgender was within the SLP scope of practice and was their ethical responsibility (82.2%). Regarding training, approximately 20% of survey respondents received training for working with people who are transgender, whereas approximately 8% of survey respondents reported having experience working with clients who are transgender. With respect to attitude, approximately 54% of survey respondents reported being comfortable treating clients who are transgender, and 37% of survey respondents reported they were likely to pursue training for treating clients who are transgender. Additional analyses were completed comparing students and experienced SLPs as well as the influence of geographic region.

Discussion
Students and SLPs were generally knowledgeable of professional guidelines and standards regarding serving people who are transgender. However, in this survey, very few clinicians indicated they had received training to serve this population. Recommendations to address this gap are discussed.
The Untapped Potential of Preschool Classroom Volunteers in Language–Literacy Instruction: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Schmitt Jacqueline , Gillispie Matthew 
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This pretest–posttest study examined the effects of a professional development training on five volunteer instructors' (VIs) utilization of language and literacy facilitation strategies within interactive shared book readings with low-income preschool children. The training specifically targeted the VIs' use of
wh
-questions, expansions, and references to story grammar elements (SGEs) with use of a corresponding visual aid.

Method

VIs participated in a 3-hr training composed of lecture, video models, role playing, four opportunities to explicitly practice the target strategies, and four opportunities to receive immediate feedback from the investigators. The VIs led storybook readings that were video-recorded for comparison prior to and after the training sessions (two pretraining, two posttraining). The investigators analyzed the VIs' language and literacy strategy usage in the readings. The investigators compared the raw number of
wh
-questions asked, expansions of child responses or comments, the number of references (out of 20) to SGEs, and use of the visual aid pre- and posttraining.

Results

After the training, four of the five VIs increased the number of
wh
-questions asked during readings, and one VI maintained a large number of questions asked, compared to pretraining readings. All VIs provided an increased number of references to SGEs (character, setting, problem, fixing problem, solution) in a variety of capacities (name, definition, book-specific element, visual aid use) to reinforce narrative concepts. VIs had inconsistent increases in expansions of child responses or comments posttraining.

Conclusion
Results revealed the VIs generally increased their facilitation of language and literacy strategies after participating in a professional development training, suggesting utilization of volunteers as instructors may be a valuable area to explore, especially in low-income environments where children may be at risk for language and literacy delays.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12070824
A CASE REPORT: ECTOPIC PREGNANCY DUE TO FAILURE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE
Authors: Shadap Arkierupaia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that develops outside the mother's womb when the fertilized egg from the ovary does not implant itself normally in the uterus. It is usually found in the first 5-10 weeks of pregnancy. To prevent unwanted pregnancy, emergency contraceptive used has been popular since the last two decades. It is seen to have 99% successful rate if taken within 72 hours after unprotected coitus and of which 1% is seen to have normal pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis through thorough and detail history collection/physical examination with early management has saved many maternal lives from unwanted risks, shocks, death etc.