bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structure of the volume-regulated anion channel LRRC8D isoform identifies features important for substrate permeation
Authors: Nakamura Ryoki , Numata Tomohiro , Kasuya Go , Yokoyama Takeshi , Nishizawa Tomohiro , Kusakizako Tsukasa , Kato Takafumi , Hagino Tatsuya , Dohmae Naoshi , Inoue Masato , Watanabe Kengo , Ichijo Hidenori , Kikkawa Masahide , Shirouzu Mikako , Jentsch Thomas J. , Ishitani Ryuichiro , Okada Yasunobu , Nureki Osamu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMembers of the leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) protein family, composed of the five LRRC8A-E isoforms, are pore-forming components of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC). LRRC8A and at least one of the other LRRC8 isoforms assemble into heteromers to generate VRAC transport activities. Despite the availability of the LRRC8A structures, the structural basis of how LRRC8 isoforms other than LRRC8A contribute to the functional diversity of VRAC has remained elusive. Here, we present the structure of the human LRRC8D isoform, which enables the permeation of organic substrates through VRAC. The LRRC8D homo-hexamer structure displays a two-fold symmetric arrangement, and together with a structure-based electrophysiological analysis, revealed two key features. The pore constriction on the extracellular side is wider than that in the LRRC8A structures, which may explain the increased permeability of organic substrates. Furthermore, an N-terminal helix protrudes into the pore from the intracellular side and may be critical for gating.
Exploiting symmetry in network analysis
Authors: Sánchez-García Rubén J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVirtually all network analyses involve structural measures between pairs of vertices, or of the vertices themselves, and the large amount of symmetry present in real-world complex networks is inherited by such measures. This has practical consequences that have not yet been explored in full generality, nor systematically exploited by network practitioners. Here we study the effect of network symmetry on arbitrary network measures, and show how this can be exploited in practice in a number of ways, from redundancy compression, to computational reduction. We also uncover the spectral signatures of symmetry for an arbitrary network measure such as the graph Laplacian. Computing network symmetries is very efficient in practice, and we test real-world examples up to several million nodes. Since network models are ubiquitous in the Applied Sciences, and typically contain a large degree of structural redundancy, our results are not only significant, but widely applicable.
High-cycle fatigue damage accumulation in paper
Authors: Na Yoon Joo , Paluskiewicz Sarah A. , Muhlstein Christopher L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe mechanical durability of paper is a key consideration for applications ranging from shipping boxes to disposable medical substrates. Paper commonly experiences fatigue loading in such applications, but a high-cycle fatigue mechanism has not been identified. This research details paper’s high-cycle fatigue degradation mechanism. Paper specimens were loaded with monotonically increasing, constant, and sinusoidally varying cyclic stresses, and the resulting tensile, creep, and fatigue damage accumulation rates were compared. The difficulty in defining the size and growth of cracks in paper’s cellulosic fiber network were overcome with optically measured strain fields. We found that fatigue damage can accumulate via a fiber fracture mechanism, while ratchetting, creep, and tensile overload damage accumulation occurs due to failure of inter-fiber bonds. We also discovered the synergistic interaction between creep and high-cycle fatigue damage accumulation mechanisms, which is critical for extending the high-cycle fatigue life of paper.
Simple and fast fabrication of single crystal VO2 microtube arrays
Authors: Zhao Chunwang , Ma Shuxiang , Li Zijian , Li Weiya , Li Jijun , Hou Qingyu , Xing Yongming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSingle crystal VO2 is a strongly correlated electron material that has shown great potential for a wide range of high-performance modern device applications, such as microbolometers, lithium ion batteries, microactuators and strain sensors. However, the present fabrication methods for single crystal VO2 almost always require complicated procedures, strict conditions and long reaction times of up to one week. Here, we report a simple, fast, low-cost and green method for fabricating single crystal VO2 using a thermal oxidation route based on resistive heating of a vanadium foil in air. Our method not only reduces the complete fabrication time from hours to tens of seconds but also naturally forms single crystal VO2 microtube arrays that are nearly vertically aligned on the surface of a V2O5 substrate. Microstructure characteristics and the reversible phase transition between the monoclinic VO2 and rutile VO2 phases demonstrate that the obtained single crystal VO2 is the same as that achieved by other fabrication methods.
Stellar impact on disequilibrium chemistry and observed spectra of hot Jupiter atmospheres
Authors: Shulyak D. , Lara L. M. , Rengel M. , Nèmec N.-E. 
Published: May 2020

Aims.We study the effect of disequilibrium processes (photochemistry and vertical transport) on mixing ratio profiles of neutral species and on the simulated spectra of a hot Jupiter exoplanet that orbits stars of various spectral types. We additionally address the impact of stellar activity that should be present, to various degrees, in all stars with convective envelopes.Methods.We used the VULCAN chemical kinetic code to compute number densities of species in irradiated planetary atmospheres. The temperature-pressure profile of the atmosphere was computed with the HELIOS code. We also utilized theτ-REx forward model to predict the spectra of planets in primary and secondary eclipses. In order to account for the stellar activity, we made use of the observed solar extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrum taken from Virtual Planetary Laboratory as a proxy for an active sun-like star.Results.We find large changes in the mixing ratios of most chemical species in planets orbiting A-type stars, which radiate strong XUV flux thereby inducing a very effective photodissociation. For some species, these changes can propagate very deep into the planetary atmosphere to pressures of around 1 bar. To observe disequilibrium chemistry we favor hot Jupiters with temperaturesTeq= 1000 K and ultra-hot Jupiters, withTeq≈ 3000 K,which also have temperature inversion in their atmospheres. On the other hand, disequilibrium calculations predict no noticeable changes in spectra of planets with intermediate temperatures. We also show that stellar activity similar to that of the modern Sun drives important changes in mixing ratio profiles of atmospheric species. However, these changes take place at very high atmospheric altitudes and thus do not affect predicted spectra. Finally, we estimate that the effect of disequilibrium chemistry in planets orbiting nearby bright stars could be robustly detected and studied with future missions with spectroscopic capabilities in infrared such asJames WebbSpace Telescope and ARIEL.
Long-term evolution of the Galilean satellites: the capture of Callisto into resonance
Authors: Lari Giacomo , Saillenfest Melaine , Fenucci Marco 
Published: May 2020

Context. The Galilean satellites have very complex orbital dynamics due to the mean-motion resonances and the tidal forces acting in the system. The strong dissipation in the couple Jupiter–Io is spread to all the moons involved in the so-called Laplace resonance (Io, Europa, and Ganymede), leading to a migration of their orbits.
Aims. We aim to characterize the future behavior of the Galilean satellites over the Solar System lifetime and to quantify the stability of the Laplace resonance. Tidal dissipation permits the satellites to exit from the current resonances or be captured into new ones, causing large variation in the moons’ orbital elements. In particular, we want to investigate the possible capture of Callisto into resonance.
Methods. We performed hundreds of propagations using an improved version of a recent semi-analytical model. As Ganymede moves outwards, it approaches the 2:1 resonance with Callisto, inducing a temporary chaotic motion in the system. For this reason, we draw a statistical picture of the outcome of the resonant encounter.
Results. The system can settle into two distinct outcomes: (A) a chain of three 2:1 two-body resonances (Io–Europa, Europa–Ganymede, and Ganymede–Callisto), or (B) a resonant chain involving the 2:1 two-body resonance Io–Europa plus at least one pure 4:2:1 three-body resonance, most frequently between Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. In case A (56% of the simulations), the Laplace resonance is always preserved and the eccentricities remain confined to small values below 0.01. In case B (44% of the simulations), the Laplace resonance is generally disrupted and the eccentricities of Ganymede and Callisto can increase up to about 0.1, making this configuration unstable and driving the system into new resonances. In all cases, Callisto starts to migrate outward, pushed by the resonant action of the other moons.
Conclusions. From our results, the capture of Callisto into resonance appears to be extremely likely (100% of our simulations). The exact timing of its entrance into resonance depends on the precise rate of energy dissipation in the system. Assuming the most recent estimate of the dissipation between Io and Jupiter, the resonant encounter happens at about 1.5 Gyr from now. Therefore, the stability of the Laplace resonance as we know it today is guaranteed at least up to about 1.5 Gyr.
Populations of double white dwarfs in Milky Way satellites and their detectability with LISA
Authors: Korol V. , Toonen S. , Klein A. , Belokurov V. , Vincenzo F. , Buscicchio R. , Gerosa D. , Moore C. J. , Roebber E. , Rossi E. M. , Vecchio A. 
Published: May 2020

Context.Milky Way dwarf satellites are unique objects that encode the early structure formation and therefore represent a window into the high redshift Universe. So far, their study has been conducted using electromagnetic waves only. The future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal Milky Way satellites through gravitational waves emitted by double white dwarf (DWD) binaries.Aims.We investigate gravitational wave signals that will be detectable by LISA as a possible tool for the identification and characterisation of the Milky Way satellites.Methods.We used the binary population synthesis technique to model the population of DWDs in dwarf satellites and we assessed the impact on the number of LISA detections when making changes to the total stellar mass, distance, star formation history, and metallicity of satellites. We calibrated predictions for the known Milky Way satellites on their observed properties.Results.We find that DWDs emitting at frequencies ≳3 mHz can be detected in Milky Way satellites at large galactocentric distances. The number of these high frequency DWDs per satellite primarily depends on its mass, distance, age, and star formation history, and only mildly depends on the other assumptions regarding their evolution such as metallicity. We find that dwarf galaxies withM⋆ >  106 M⊙can host detectable LISA sources; the number of detections scales linearly with the satellite’s mass. We forecast that out of the known satellites, Sagittarius, Fornax, Sculptor, and the Magellanic Clouds can be detected with LISA.Conclusions.As an all-sky survey that does not suffer from contamination and dust extinction, LISA will provide observations of the Milky Way and dwarf satellites galaxies, which will be valuable for Galactic archaeology and near-field cosmology.
Stellenwert der GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten für die diabetische Niere
Authors: Weyrich Peter 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten beeinflussen den Stoffwechsel über zahlreiche Mechanismen und haben einen festen therapeutischen Stellenwert bei der Blutzuckerkontrolle diabetischer Patienten. Der unbestrittene Nutzen der GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten für kardiovaskuläre Endpunkte lässt vermuten, dass auch die sehr gefäßreiche Niere bei Diabetes von ihnen profitiert. Nach Lektüre dieses Schwerpunktartikels soll der Leser mit der aktuellen Studienlage von GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten zu renalen Endpunkten vertraut sein. Zudem wird ein Überblick über die Dosierung von GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten bei chronischer Nierenerkrankung (CKD), Praxistipps zur korrekten Flüssigkeitsbilanzierung und Limitationen dieser Medikamentengruppe gegeben.
Aktuelle Outcomestudien in der Diabetologie
Authors: Gallwitz Baptist 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit 2008 wurden für neue Antidiabetika prospektive kardiovaskuläre Sicherheitsstudien aufgelegt, die Ergebnisse zur kardiovaskulären Sicherheit der DPP-4-Inhibitoren, der GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten und der SGLT-2-Inhibitoren geliefert haben. Diese Studien haben Nichtunterlegenheit für die DPP-4-Inhibitoren gegenüber der herkömmlichen antidiabetischen Standardtherapie gezeigt, für die GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten ist für einige Substanzen auch Nichtunterlegenheit nachgewiesen, einige langwirksame GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten haben sogar Überlegenheit für kardiovaskuläre Endpunkte. Bei den SGLT-2-Inhibitoren liegen in den Studien Überlegenheitsdaten vor, nicht nur für kardiovaskuläre Endpunkte, sondern auch für renale, also mikrovaskuläre Endpunkte. In diesem Schwerpunktartikel sind die Studienergebnisse zusammengefasst, die auch die Grundlage für die internationalen Leitlinien und die neuen Praxisempfehlungen der DDG liefern.
Kardiovaskuläre Effekte von GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten
Authors: Kahles Florian , Lehrke Michael 
Published: May 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten reduzieren die Häufigkeit kardiovaskulärer Ereignisse bei Patienten mit Diabetes. Dies wird über atheroprotektive Mechanismen vermittelt, wobei bisher unklar ist, inwieweit direkte immunmodulierende und antientzündliche Eigenschaften der Substanzen hierfür verantwortlich sind. GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten werden für Patienten mit Diabetes und einem hohen kardiovaskulären Risiko unabhängig vom HbA1c-Wert als Erstlinientherapie empfohlen, was einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Diabetestherapie entspricht. In diesem Beitrag werden die kardiovaskulären Outcomestudien zu den GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten vorgestellt und die möglichen Wirkmechanismen in den verschiedenen Organsystemen diskutiert.
Integrierte Stadtentwicklung und Gesundheit: Programmatik und
Realität am Beispiel Hamburgs. Eine Dokumentenanalyse
Authors: Trojan Alf 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Gesetzliche Vorgaben, Förderprogramme der (integrierten)
Stadtteilentwicklung auf Bundes- und Hamburg-Ebene fordern die sozialräumliche
Kooperation im Handlungsfeld Gesundheitsförderung.
Fragestellung Inwieweit schlägt sich die programmatische Integration von
Gesundheitsförderung in die Stadtentwicklung in Umsetzungsdokumenten nieder?
Material und Methoden Internetsuche in den über 100 000 Dokumenten des
Transparenzportals der Stadt Hamburg mit 3 Zugängen: 1.) Suche mit 7 zentralen
Begriffen nach Dokumenten der Stadtentwicklung und der Häufigkeit des Themas
Gesundheit darin; 2.) Aufsuchen der Integrierten Entwicklungskonzepte der 10
Hamburger Modellgebiete des Förderprogramms Soziale Stadt und Identifizierung
von gesundheitlichen Themen darin; 3.) Suche auf den Internetseiten der Behörde
für Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (BGV) und der Hamburgischen
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Gesundheit (HAG) nach Kooperationsdokumenten mit der
Stadtentwicklung.
Ergebnisse Es zeigt sich, dass die Berücksichtigung von
Gesundheitsbelangen in den Problemgebieten Hamburgs nicht so weit
fortgeschritten ist, wie die Programmatik es erfordern würde. Es gibt allerdings
eine kleine Zahl positiver Beispiele. Inhaltliche Darstellungen der Kooperation
finden sich am ausführlichsten und aktuellsten auf den Internetseiten der
HAG.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen Die (Vor-)Studie hat das Problem, dass
die Erwähnungen in Dokumenten sowohl zu einer Über- als auch Unterschätzung von
tatsächlichen Aktivitäten führen können. Gleichwohl gibt es positive Ansätze,
die als Modelle Guter Praxis stärker verbreitet werden sollten, um die Kluft
zwischen Programm und Realität zu verringern. Im Ausblick werden einige
Empfehlungen dazu zur Diskussion gestellt.
Wet- versus dry-suction techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of solid lesions: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Rong-hua , Ding Zhen , Tan Shi-yun , Chen Qian , Duan Ya-qi , Zhu Liang-ru , Cao Ji-wang , Wang Jian , Shi Gan , Wu Xiao-li , Wang Jin-lin , Zhao Yu-chong , Tang Shou-jiang , Cheng Bin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The optimal sampling techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) remain unclear and have not been standardized. The aim of this study was to compare the wet-suction and dry-suction techniques for sampling solid lesions in the pancreas, mediastinum, and abdomen.
Methods This was a multicenter, crossover, randomized controlled trial with randomized order of sampling techniques. The 296 consecutive patients underwent EUS-FNA with 22G needles and were randomized in a ratio of 1:1 into two separate groups that received the dry-suction and wet-suction techniques in a different order. The primary outcome was to compare the histological diagnostic accuracy of dry suction and wet suction for malignancy. The secondary outcomes were to compare the cytological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality.
Results Among the 269 patients with pancreatic (n = 161) and non-pancreatic (n = 108) lesions analyzed, the wet-suction technique had a significantly better histological diagnostic accuracy (84.9 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 79.9 % – 89.0 %] vs. 73.2 % [95 %CI 67.1 % – 78.7 %]; P = 0.001), higher specimen adequacy (94.8 % vs. 78.8 %; P < 0.001), and less blood contamination (P < 0.001) than the dry-suction technique. In addition, sampling non-pancreatic lesions with two passes of wet suction provided a histological diagnostic accuracy of 91.6 %.
Conclusions The wet-suction technique in EUS-FNA generates better histological diagnostic accuracy and specimen quality than the dry-suction technique. Furthermore, sampling non-pancreatic lesions with two passes of EUS-FNA with wet suction may provide a definitive histological diagnosis when rapid on-site evaluation is not routinely available.
Management of Complications from Skin Cancer Reconstruction
Authors: Vila Peter M. , Thomas J. Regan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReconstruction of facial cutaneous defects from skin cancer surgery is a commonly done procedure in the hands of many facial plastic surgeons. Excellent surgical technique should always be employed to reduce the risk of a poor result. However, complications do occur and can be devastating for both the patient and surgeon. We review a range of postoperative management options, and the evidence for each modality, so that reconstructive surgeons can stay up to date on current literature.
High-Risk Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Identification, Management, and Reconstruction
Authors: Misch Emily S. , Terella Adam M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHigh-risk nonmelanoma skin cancers of the head and neck may be identified through a variety of tumor risk factors, including location on the lips or ears, size > 2 cm, recurrence, patient immunocompromised status, poor tumor differentiation, > 6 mm thickness, Clark level V depth of invasion, and presence of perineural spread. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment, with Mohs' micrographic surgery typically preferred to standard surgical excision. When reconstructing these defects, ensuring negative margins is of utmost importance and delaying reconstruction until confirmation of margins is recommended. Attention to the impact of immunosuppression and adjunct radiation therapy on wound healing is important for an optimal cosmetic outcome. As with all high-risk cancer patients, close follow-up and surveillance of these patients is imperative.
Management of Large Facial Defects
Authors: Rabbani Cyrus C. , Hwang Michelle S. , Byrne Patrick J. , Desai Shaun C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is considerable variation in the surgical management of patients with large facial defects after excision of skin malignancy. The surrounding facial subunits as well as local, regional, and distant soft-tissue flaps can be considered in more complicated facial defects. We place an emphasis on the versatility of adjacent tissue advancement and transposition flaps in the treatment of these defects. We also focus on the secondary reconstructive efforts necessary to achieve the best functional and aesthetic outcomes for patients.
Polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries
Authors: Voropaeva Daria Yu. , Novikova Svetlana A. , Yaroslavtsev Andrey B. 
Published: May 2020

The results of studies on polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries are analyzed and generalized. Progress in this field of research is driven by the need for solid-state batteries characterized by safety and stable operation. At present, a number of polymer electrolytes with a conductivity of at least 10−4S cm−1at 25 °C were synthesized. Main types of polymer electrolytes are described,viz., polymer/salt electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes containing inorganic particles and anion acceptors, and polymer electrolytes based on cation-exchange membranes. Ion transport mechanisms and various methods for increasing the ionic conductivity in these systems are discussed. Prospects of application of polymer electrolytes in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries are outlined.The bibliography includes 349 references.
Science writing in Hindi in colonial India
Authors: Baksi Sandipan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Science journalism in Hindi showed
remarkable advance with the onset of the twentieth century, in a context that was
shaped by the evolution of a specific form of the language, as well as by the
emergence and growth of the anti-colonial freedom movement, yoked to the idea of
cultural and economic nationalism. The many literary periodicals that flourished in
this period provided a platform for regular science writing.
Vigyan, the first popular science magazine in Hindi, began
publication in 1915. It contributed profusely to the Hindi writings on and about
science in pre-Independence India. This study, by way of a critical review of the
writings in Vigyan, lays out the influences and motivations that
led to this huge impetus to Hindi science writing in the early twentieth century. It
throws light on the motivations of the agents who negotiated the process of
translation of science in Hindi in colonial India. The chapter exemplifies
translation of science as an aspect/component of establishing the hegemony of a
language.
Judicial Colonialism Today
Authors: Cohen Mathilde 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFrance maintains a court system outside of the European continent in so-called overseas regions such as Martinique and New Caledonia. Held as colonies until the 1940s, these territories became part of the French state with varying degrees of autonomy. Drawing on original qualitative and archival research, this article argues that through these overseas courts, France continues to legally assume the traditional role of a colonial power despite its declared commitment to the nation-state, republican model. Subordinating discourses and elements of colonial structure have outlived the transition to nonempire, continuing to exert strong influences on the courts’ operations, especially the way in which judges and prosecutors are appointed and promoted. This study should also be read as a contribution to the scholarship on how court systems around the globe grapple with the legacy of colonialism in shaping their organizational structure and practices.