bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak
Authors: Mukhtar Sonia 
Published: May 2020

Background: The current ongoing pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has globally affected 213 countries and territories with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties. The unpredictable and uncertain COVID-19 outbreak has the potential of adversely affecting the psychological health on individual and community level. Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. Method: This review is to evaluate past outbreaks to understand the extent of adverse effects on psychological health, psychological crisis intervention, and mental health management plans. Published previous and current articles on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Elsevier about psychological impact of infectious diseases outbreaks and COVID-19 has been considered and reviewed. Comments: COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world. Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate – are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems.
A Basis for Standardizing Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Management
Authors: Cozart Ashley C. , Kennedy John T. , Seidman Michael D. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: (1) To determine how otologic/neurotologic surgeons counsel patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). (2) To understand the plethora of presenting symptoms associated with SSCD and appropriate management. (3) To suggest appropriate management; oftentimes avoiding surgery. Methods: This was a survey study of both community and academic physicians. A 23-question survey was distributed to all members of the American Neurotological (ANS) and American Otologic Societies (AOS) via email in the Fall of 2018. A total of 54 responses were received from a possible pool of 279 for a response rate of 19.4%. Inferences were made about the population through sample proportions and confidence intervals. Results: All respondents use computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing SSCD and 11.1% use CT exclusively. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP; 77.8%) are used more often than ocular VEMPs (38.9%). Magnetic resonance imaging (7.4%) is used infrequently; 96.3% of surgeons surveyed have seen patients with SSCD on imaging that are asymptomatic. Following surgical treatment, respondents reported balance issues and mild-to-moderate high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (88.4%); 32.6% reported that the majority (>50%) of their patients needed further intervention after surgery, typically aggressive vestibular rehabilitation. Conclusions: There is a discrepancy in the systematic approach to SSCD between both the surgeons and the published literature. Patients with SSCD on ultra-high-resolution CT may have myriad symptoms while others are asymptomatic, and surgery may lead to additional complications. We will present a methodical recommendation to assist in the management of patients with SSCD depending upon their symptoms. This may improve patient selection, counseling, and outcomes.
Glyceryl trinitrate in first-episode psychosis unmedicated with antipsychotics: A randomised controlled pilot study
Authors: Merritt Kate , Catalan Ana , Cowley Samuel , Demjaha Arsime , Taylor Matthew , McGuire Philip , Cooper Ruth , Morrison Paul 
Published: May 2020

Background: There is a pressing need for new classes of treatment for psychosis. A key therapeutic target for novel compounds is the NMDA receptor, which may be modulated by nitric oxide donors such as sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Recent studies of SNP in patients with psychosis have mixed results, and the drug has to be administered intravenously. Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is a well-established cardiovascular medicine that is also a nitric oxide donor, and can be given orally. Aims: We explored the safety and potential effects of GTN in unmedicated patients with a first episode of psychosis. Methods: This was a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from December 2016 to April 2019 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02906553). Patients received 3 × sprays of GTN or placebo for three consecutive days, and were re-assessed on Days 1, 2, 3 and 7. The primary outcome was cognition (Jumping to Conclusions task), secondary outcomes were symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)), verbal memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning task), and mood (Bond–Lader Visual Analogue Scales). Results: Nineteen patients were randomised, and 13 participants were included in the analyses. Compared with placebo, GTN was well tolerated, but was not associated with significant effects on cognition, symptoms, or mood. Bayesian statistics indicate that our results were 2× more likely under the null hypothesis than the alternative hypothesis, providing anecdotal evidence that GTN does not improve psychotic symptoms. Conclusions: We found no indication of an effect of GTN on symptoms of psychosis or cognition.
Downregulation of PTEN mediates bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells by suppressing autophagy
Authors: Sai Xiaoyan , Qin Chu , Wu Yan , Zhao Yinying , Bian Tao 
Published: May 2020

Objective Bleomycin is an important chemotherapeutic drug that activates premature senescence to decrease the tumorigenic process. We aimed to investigate the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells. Methods Human lung cancer A549 cells were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of bleomycin for 5 days. A lentivirus vector was used to silence the PTEN gene, followed by stimulation with bleomycin (1 µg/mL). Changes were evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blot. Results Treatment with bleomycin induced premature senescence. PTEN expression was decreased and key downstream molecules in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were gradually activated following bleomycin treatment. Silencing PTEN reduced autophagy and accelerated senescence of A549 cells. Autophagy levels were also increased and senescence markers were reduced after inhibiting mTOR. Conclusions Downregulation of PTEN mediates bleomycin-induced premature senescence in lung cancer cells by suppressing autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. These findings provide new insights into the potential role of PTEN as a molecular target for cancer chemotherapy.
The Biomechanical Effect of Bone Grafting and Bone Graft Remodeling in Patients With Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Sigrist Bastian , Ferguson Stephen , Boehm Elisabeth , Jung Christian , Scheibel Markus , Moroder Philipp 
Published: May 2020

Background: Individual constitutional differences in glenoid shape and bone remodeling require a patient-specific and longitudinal approach to evaluate the biomechanical effects of glenoid bone grafting in patients with anterior shoulder instability. Purpose: To quantify the longitudinal, in vivo, biomechanical effects of bone grafting, bone graft remodeling, and glenoid shape in patients with anterior shoulder instability by means of patient-specific finite element models. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: In total, 25 shoulders of 24 patients with anterior shoulder instability and anterior glenoid bone loss underwent an arthroscopic iliac crest bone graft transfer (ICBGT) procedure with either autologous or allogenic bone. Patient-specific finite element simulations based on preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up computed tomography scans were used to quantify the bone-mediated stability ratio (SR) and the distance to dislocation. Additionally, the relationship between glenoid morphological parameters and the SR was assessed. Results: The ICBGT procedure significantly increased the SR and distance to dislocation in the 2-, 3-, and 4-o’clock directions immediately after the surgical intervention ( P < .01) in both the autograft and the allograft groups. Although the SR and distance to dislocation decreased subsequently, autografts showed long-term effects on SR and dislocation distance in the 3-o’clock direction ( P < .01) and on SR in the 4-o’clock direction ( P < .01). Allografts showed no significant effect on SR and dislocation distance in long-term follow-up ( P > .05). Overall, glenoid retroversion as well as cavity depth predicted stability in all 4 dislocation directions, with glenoid cavity depth showing the highest correlation coefficients ( R = 0.71, 0.8, 0.73, and 0.7 for 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-o’clock, respectively). Conclusion: The autologous ICBGT procedure biomechanically improved anterior shoulder stability in long-term follow-up, whereas the use of allografts did not show any bone-mediated biomechanical effect at follow-up due to resorption. Furthermore, in addition to measurements of defect extent, the glenoid depth and version seem to be useful parameters to determine the biomechanical effect and need for glenoid bone grafting in patients with shoulder instability. Clinical Relevance: This study proposes the use of autologous bone grafts for a successful long-term stabilization effect. Additionally, this study proposes additional glenoid morphological measures to predict shoulder stability.
Antidepressant Use around Conception, Prepregnancy Depression, and Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Wall-Wieler Elizabeth , Robakis Thalia K. , Cesta Carolyn E. , Masarwa Reem , Lyell Deirdre J. , Liu Can , Platt Robert W. , Carmichael Suzan L. 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To compare the risk of ectopic pregnancy among women with and women without antidepressant prescriptions around conception and examine whether this risk differs by prepregnancy depression status. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of all pregnancies between November 1, 2008, and September 30, 2015, identified in the nationwide (American) IBM® MarketScan® Databases. At least one day’s supply of antidepressants in the 3 weeks after a woman’s last menstrual period defined active antidepressant use around conception. At least one depression diagnosis in the year before the last menstrual period defined prepregnancy depression. Relative risk (RR) of ectopic pregnancy was estimated using unadjusted and inverse probability of treatment (IPT)-weighted log-binomial models. Results: Of the 1,703,245 pregnancies, 106,788 (6.3%) women had a prepregnancy depression diagnosis. Among women with a depression diagnosis, 40,287 (37.7%) had an active antidepressant prescription around conception; the IPT-weighted risk of ectopic pregnancy was similar among women who did and did not fill an antidepressant prescription around conception (IPT-weighted RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.10). Overall, the risk of ectopic pregnancy was higher among women who had a prepregnancy depression diagnosis than women who did not have a prepregnancy depression diagnosis (IPT-weighted RR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.15). Conclusions: This study’s findings suggest that women who have a prepregnancy depression diagnosis are at a slightly increased risk of ectopic pregnancy, and among women who have a prepregnancy depression diagnosis, the use of antidepressants around conception does not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Relational influences on experiences with assisted dying: A scoping review
Authors: Variath Caroline , Peter Elizabeth , Cranley Lisa , Godkin Dianne , Just Danielle 
Published: May 2020

Background: Family members and healthcare providers play an integral role in a person’s assisted dying journey. Their own needs during the assisted dying journey are often, however, unrecognized and underrepresented in policies and guidelines. Circumstances under which people choose assisted dying, and relational contexts such as the sociopolitical environment, may influence the experiences of family members and healthcare providers. Ethical considerations: Ethics approval was not required to conduct this review. Aim: This scoping review aims to identify the relational influences on the experiences of family members and healthcare providers of adults who underwent assisted dying and of those unable to access assisted dying due to the loss of capacity to consent. Methods: A literature search was conducted in four databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and PsycINFO. The search retrieved 12,074 articles, a number narrowed down to 172 articles for full-text screening. Thirty-six articles met the established inclusion criteria. A feminist relational framework guided the data analysis. Results: Five key themes on the influences of family members’ and healthcare providers’ experiences throughout the assisted dying process were synthesized from the data. They include (1) relationships as central to beginning the process, (2) social and political influences on decision making, (3) complex roles and responsibilities of family members and healthcare providers, (4) a unique experience of death, and (5) varying experiences following death. Conclusion: The feminist relational lens, used to guide analysis, shed light on the effect of the sociopolitical influences and the relationships among patients, families, and healthcare providers on each other’s experiences. Addressing the needs of the family members and healthcare providers is vital to improving the assisted dying process. Including families’ and healthcare providers’ needs within institutional policies and enhancing collaboration and communication among those involved could improve the overall experience.
Why do psychiatrists doubt the value of early intervention? The power of illusion
Authors: McGorry Patrick D , Mei Cristina 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Face validity and the best available evidence strongly support the value of early intervention (EI) for psychotic disorders, and increasingly for other mental illnesses. Yet its value continues to be intensely criticised by some academics and doubted by many psychiatrists. This disconnect is examined through the lens of the ‘clinician’s illusion’. Conclusions: A number of sources fuel resistance to EI; however, the cumulative exposure to persistent and disabling illness that dominates the day-to-day experience of psychiatrists may be a key influence. This experience forms the basis of the clinician’s illusion, a hidden bias health professionals develop as a natural consequence of their clinical experiences, which shapes belief and perception of prognosis, and breeds therapeutic nihilism. This bias has been reinforced by grossly under-resourced systems of mental health care, undermining morale and adding a sense of learned helplessness to our mindset.
Benchmarking Speech, Velopharyngeal Function Outcomes and Surgical Characteristics Following the Sommerlad Protocol and Palate Repair Technique
Authors: Baillie Lauren , Sell Debbie 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To report speech and velopharyngeal function (VPF) outcomes, and surgical characteristics, at age 5 following early complete palate closure using the Sommerlad protocol. Design: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional consecutive series. Setting: A regional twin site center; a district general hospital and tertiary children’s hospital. Participants: Between 1993 and 2006, 877 participants underwent surgery; 712 (81%) were eligible for inclusion; 391 (55%) were included, 321 (45%) excluded. Thirteen percent had bilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP), 40% unilateral CLP, and 47% isolated cleft palate. Intervention: Lip and vomerine flap repair at 3 months of age (BCLP, UCLP) with soft palate closure using radical muscle dissection and retropositioning at a mean age of 6.6 months, range 4 to 23 months, as described and undertaken by Sommerlad. Outcome Measures: Velopharyngeal Composite (VPC) CAPS-A and articulation summary scores derived from analysis using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented. Results: A VPC-SUM CAPS-A score of “0” was found in 97% reflecting adequate VPF; 73% had no cleft articulation difficulties. The BCLP group had the poorest articulation. Secondary speech surgery rate was 2.6% and 10.7% had fistula repair. Levator muscle quality and degree of retropositioning was associated with speech outcomes related to VPF. 2.6% had current features of VPI. Conclusions: Complete palate closure by around 6 months of age by the surgeon who described the technique led to excellent perceived VPF and very good speech outcomes at age 5, with less speech therapy and secondary speech surgery than commonly reported. These findings serve as a benchmark for the Sommerlad protocol and technique.
The Use of Gentamicin for Treatment of Urogenital and Extragenital Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review of Efficacy Data
Authors: Burmeister Paul , Su Simon , Smith Alesha J. , Wilby Kyle John 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To evaluate clinical efficacy data for gentamicin in the treatment of gonorrhea. Data Sources: A keyword search of PubMed (1966 to April 2020), EMBASE (1947 to April 2020), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to April 2020) was conducted. The electronic search was supplemented with manual screening of references from identified articles and a search of ClinicalTrials.gov to identify ongoing trials. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Comparator and noncomparator studies reporting microbiological outcomes of treatment with gentamicin for gonorrhea in humans were included. Data extracted included study year, authors, aim, setting, population, dosing protocols, and outcome results. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Data Synthesis: A total of 407 articles were identified, of which 11 met inclusion criteria. Two studies were randomized controlled trials, and 1 additional randomized noncomparator study was identified. All other studies were nonrandomized and noncomparator in nature. The highest quality evidence suggests that gentamicin is not noninferior to ceftriaxone (both in addition to azithromycin) for treatment of gonorrhea but may achieve cure rates >90%. Conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of gentamicin-based regimens for the specific treatment of extragenital gonorrhea. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Results of this review could affect patient care and clinical practice because they clearly demonstrate the role of gentamicin for the treatment of gonorrhea as a second-line agent. Future research should confirm findings, especially for the role of gentamicin in extragenital infections. Conclusions: Gentamicin-based regimens should be reserved for second-line treatment of urogenital and extragenital gonorrhea infections.
Long-term Effects of Cheilectomy, Keller’s Arthroplasty, and Arthrodesis for Symptomatic Hallux Rigidus on Patient-Reported and Radiologic Outcome
Authors: Stevens Jasper , de Bot Robin T.A.L. , Witlox Adhiambo M. , Borghans Rob , Smeets Thijs , Beertema Wieske , Hendrickx Roel P. , Schotanus Martijn G.M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Several operative interventions are available to alleviate pain in hallux rigidus, and the optimal operative technique is still a topic of debate among surgeons. Three of these are arthrodesis, cheilectomy, and Keller’s arthroplasty. Currently, it is unclear which intervention yields the best long-term result. The aim of this study was to assess which of these interventions performed best in terms of patient-reported outcome, pain scores, and disease recurrence at long-term follow-up. Methods: These data are the follow-up to the initial study published in 2006. In the original study, 73 patients (n = 89 toes) with symptomatic hallux rigidus were recruited and underwent first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis (n = 33 toes), cheilectomy (n = 28 toes), or Keller’s arthroplasty (n = 28 toes). Outcome measures were AOFAS hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal (HMI) score, and pain was assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) at a mean follow-up period of 7 years. Patients of the original study were identified and invited to participate in the current study. Data were collected in the form of AOFAS-HMI score, VAS pain score, Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), and Forgotten Joint Score (FJS-12). In addition, a clinical examination was performed and radiographs were obtained. Data were available for 37 patients (45 toes), with a mean follow-up period over 22 years. Results: AOFAS-HMI and VAS pain score improved during follow-up only in arthrodesis patients. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences in clinical and patient-reported outcome were detected between groups based on AOFAS-HMI, VAS pain, MOXFQ, or FJS-12. However, clinically important differences in patient-reported outcomes and pain scores were detected, favoring arthrodesis. Radiographic disease progression was more evident after cheilectomy compared with Keller’s arthroplasty. Conclusion: Arthrodesis, cheilectomy, and Keller’s arthroplasty are 3 sucessful operative interventions to treat symptomatic hallux rigidus. Because clinically important differences were detected and symptoms still diminish many years after surgery, a slight preference was evident for arthrodesis. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Platelet function in cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Hiebert Elizabeth C , Panciera David L , Boes Katie M , Bartl Lara 
Published: May 2020

Objectives Cats with hyperthyroidism have been reported to develop thromboembolism, with and without echocardiographic abnormalities consistent with hyperthyroidism. The objective of this study was to compare platelet function in cats with hyperthyroidism with euthyroid age-matched cats. We hypothesized that cats with hyperthyroidism have shortened collagen and adenosine diphosphate (C-ADP) closure times as measured with the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) in comparison with healthy, age-matched controls. Methods Sixteen hyperthyroid and nine euthyroid healthy cats >7 years of age were recruited from the hospital population. Platelet function, measured using the C-ADP closure times by the PFA-100, and platelet count were measured in healthy euthyroid cats and cats with hyperthyroidism. Results Mean ± SD closure times were not significantly different between control (66.3 ± 9.6 s) and hyperthyroid cats (65.9 ± 11.5 s; P = 0.75). The mean ± SD closure times of hyperthyroid cats that either were untreated or received methimazole for ⩽3 weeks (n = 6; mean 68.5 ± 15.4 s) was not different than that of cats treated for >3 weeks (n = 10; mean 64.3 ± 8.9 s; P = 0.57). The mean automated platelet count was higher in the hyperthyroid group than in the control group ( P = 0.023). Conclusions and relevance Platelet function, as measured by closure time under high shear conditions using C-ADP as an agonist, was not affected by hyperthyroidism in this group of cats. Further research is needed to determine if a hypercoagulable state exists in hyperthyroid cats and the potential roles platelets and von Willebrand factor may have.