bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphine Antinociception Restored by Use of Methadone in the Morphine-Resistant Inflammatory Pain State
Authors: Watanabe Chizuko , Komiyama Asami , Yoshizumi Masaru , Sakurada Shinobu , Mizoguchi Hirokazu 
Published: December 2020

The antinociceptive effect of methadone in the morphine-resistant inflammatory pain state was described in the paw-withdrawal test using the complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced mouse inflammatory pain model. After intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of CFA, thermal hyperalgesia was observed in the ipsilateral paw. The antinociceptive effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone against thermal hyperalgesia in the inflammatory pain state were reduced in the ipsilateral paw 7 days after CFA pretreatment. On the contrary, the antinociceptive effect of s.c. injection of methadone was maintained in the ipsilateral paw 7 days after CFA pretreatment. The suppressed morphine antinociception in the CFA model mice was bilaterally restored following s.c. treatment with methadone 20 min prior to or 3 days after CFA pretreatment. The suppressed morphine antinociception was also bilaterally restored by intraperitoneal treatment with MK-801 30 min prior to CFA pretreatment; however, the s.c. injection of morphine 30 min prior to CFA pretreatment failed to restore the suppressed morphine antinociception in the CFA model mice. The expression level of mRNA for µ-opioid receptors 7 days after i.pl. pretreatment was not significantly changed by i.pl. pretreatment with CFA or s.c. pretreatment with methadone. In conclusion, methadone is extremely effective against thermal hyperalgesia in the morphine-resistant inflammatory pain state, and restores suppressed morphine antinociception in the inflammatory pain state without altering the expression level of mRNA for µ-opioid receptors.
Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction on the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shen Yanjia , Zhang Baoyue , Pang Xiaocong , Yang Ran , Chen Miao , Zhao Jiaying , Wang Jinhua , Wang Zhe , Yu Ziru , Wang Yuehua , Li Li , Liu Ailin , Du Guanhua 
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a worldwide disease that is harmful to human health and brings a heavy economic burden to healthcare system. Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction (XXMD) has been widely used to treat stroke and other neurological diseases for more than 1000 years in China. However, the synergistic mechanism of the constituents in XXMD for the potential treatment of AD is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict the potential targets and uncover the material basis of XXMD for the potential treatment of AD. A network pharmacology-based method, which combined data collection, drug-likeness filtering and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/T) properties filtering, target prediction and network analysis, was used to decipher the effect and potential targets of XXMD for the treatment of AD. Then, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory assay was used to screen the potential active constituents in XXMD for the treatment of AD, and the molecular docking was furtherly used to identify the binding ability of active constituents with AD-related target of AChE. Finally, three in vitro cell models were applied to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of potential lead compounds in XXMD. Through the China Natural Products Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-Database @Taiwan and literature, a total of 1481 compounds in XXMD were finally collected. After ADME/T properties filtering, 908 compounds were used for the further study. Based on the prediction data, the constituents in XXMD formula could interact with 41 AD-related targets. Among them, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and AChE were the major targets. The constituents in XXMD were found to have the potential to treat AD through multiple AD-related targets. 62 constituents in it were found to interact with more than or equal to 10 AD-related targets. The prediction results were further validated by in vitro biology experiment, resulting in several potential anti-AD multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), including two AChE inhibitors with the IC50 values ranging from 4.83 to 10.22 μM. Moreover, fanchinoline was furtherly found to prevent SH-SY5Y cells from the cytotoxicities induced by sodium nitroprusside, sodium dithionate and potassium chloride. In conclusion, XXMD was found to have the potential to treat AD by targeting multiple AD-related targets and canonical pathways. Fangchinoline and dauricine might be the potential lead compounds in XXMD for the treatment of AD.
Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms and COVID-19
Authors: Okruszek Łukasz , Aniszewska-Stańczuk Aleksandra , Piejka Aleksandra , Wiśniewska Marcelina , Żurek Karolina 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led governments worldwide to implement unprecedented response strategies. While crucial to limiting the spread of the virus, “social distancing” may lead to severe psychological consequences, especially in lonely individuals.MethodsWe used cross-sectional (n = 380) and longitudinal (n = 74) designs to investigate the links between loneliness, anxiety, and depression symptoms (ADS) and COVID-19 risk perception and affective response in young adults who implemented social distancing during the first 2 weeks of the state of epidemic threat in Poland.ResultsLoneliness was correlated with ADS and with affective response to COVID-19’s threat to health. However, increased worry about the social isolation and heightened risk perception for financial problems was observed in lonelier individuals. The cross-lagged influence of the initial affective response to COVID-19 on subsequent levels of loneliness was also found.ConclusionThe reciprocal connections between loneliness and COVID-19 response may be of crucial importance for ADS during the COVID-19 crisis.
Comparative Effectiveness of Mild or Conventional GnRH-Antagonist Protocols for Ovarian Stimulation in Poor Responders (Poseidon Group 4)
Authors: Le Hoang , Nguyen Dong D. , Cao Anh T. , Nguyen Huong T. L. , Tham Dung C. , Le Thang D. , Hugues Jean-Noël 
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims: A panel of experts (the Poseidon Group) introduced a new and more detailed stratification for poor ovarian responders in order to predict the prognosis of IVF outcome according to the sensitivity to FSH. However, various arguments about the management strategy of these patients still remain, including the convenience and the cost. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the efficacy of mild and conventional GnRH antagonist ovarian stimulation prescribed in patients classified in Poseidon Group 4.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 359 poor responder patients (Poseidon Group 4) treated with mild or conventional GnRH antagonist stimulation regimens from 8/2017 to 7/2019 at Tam Anh Hospital ART Center. The main outcomes were the index of Follicular Output Rate (FORT) or Follicle to Oocyte Index (FOI), the number of day-2 embryos and top-quality embryos obtained. The t-test and Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS v25.0 was used to analyze the continuous data and Chi-squared/Exact test was used for binary variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was done by using Stata versions 15.0 to measure association between primary endpoints with stimulation regimen controlled for covariates and possible confounding factors.Results: In the overall group of poor responders, the conventional GnRH antagonist protocol performed better than the mild protocol. Subsequently, data were analyzed according to the AFC. In women with AFC &lt; 3, no significant differences were observed between the 2 regimens regarding FORT (p = 0.71), FOI (p = 0.12), the number of day-2-embryos (p = 0.052) and the number of top-quality embryos (p = 0.26). In contrast, in women with AFC ≥ 3, mild stimulation regimen resulted in significantly poorer outcome compared to the conventional GnRH antagonist regimen, regarding FORT (p &lt; 0.01), FOI (p &lt; 0.01), the number of day-2-embryos (p &lt; 0.01) and top-quality embryos (p = 0.01).Conclusions: Considering poor responders classified in Poseidon Group 4, both ovarian stimulation regimens resulted in similar outcome for patients with a very low ovarian reserve (AFC &lt; 3). In contrast, the GnRH conventional antagonist protocol with maximum initial FSH dose (300–375 IU/day) and supplementary LH (75–150 IU/day) was more effective than the mild one for patients whose ovarian reserve was less reduced. The Clinical Trial was approved by the Ethnical Biomedical Research Committee Tam Anh General Hospital.
Changing media depictions of remote consulting in COVID-19: analysis of UK newspapers
Authors: Mroz Gilly , Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Rushforth Alex , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundRemote consulting was introduced quickly into UK general practice in March 2020 as an emergency response to COVID-19. In July 2020, ‘remote-first’ became long-term government policy.AimTo explore how this change was portrayed in national newspapers and how depictions changed over time.Design and settingThematic analysis of newspaper articles referring to remote GP consultations from two time periods: 2 March–31 May 2020 (period 1) and 30 July–12 August 2020 (period 2).MethodArticles were identified through, and extracted from, LexisNexis Academic UK. A coding system of themes and narrative devices was developed and applied to the data. The analysis was developed iteratively, amending the coding structure as new data were added.ResultsRemote consulting was widely covered in newspapers. Articles in period 1 depicted it positively, equating digital change with progress and linking novel technological solutions with improved efficiency and safety (for example, infection control) in a service that was overdue for modernisation. Articles in period 2 questioned the persistence of a remote-first service now that the pandemic was waning, emphasising, for example, missed diagnoses, challenges to the therapeutic relationship, and digital inequalities.ConclusionAs the first wave of the pandemic came and went, media depictions of remote consulting evolved from an ‘efficiency and safety’ narrative to a ‘risks, inequalities, and lack of choice’ narrative. To restore public trust in general practice, public communication should emphasise the wide menu of consulting options now available to patients and measures being taken to assure safety and avoid inequity.
Primary care consultation length by deprivation and multimorbidity in England: an observational study using electronic patient records
Authors: Gopfert Anya , Deeny Sarah R , Fisher Rebecca , Stafford Mai 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLonger GP consultations are recommended as one way of improving care for people with multimorbidity. In Scotland, patients who are multimorbid and living in deprived areas do not have longer consultations, although their counterparts in the least deprived areas do. This example of the inverse care law has not been examined in England.AimTo assess GP consultation length by socioeconomic deprivation and multimorbidity.Design and settingRandom sample of 1.2 million consultations from 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2016 for 190 036 adults in England drawn from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.MethodConsultation duration was derived from time of opening and closing the patient’s electronic record. Mean duration was estimated by multimorbidity level and type, adjusted for number of consultations and other patient and staff characteristics and patient and practice random effects.ResultsConsultations lasted 10.9 minutes on average and mean duration increased with number of conditions. Patients with ≥6 conditions had 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8 to 1.0) minutes longer than those with none. Patients who are multimorbid and with a mental health condition had 0.5 (CI = 0.4 to 0.5) minutes longer than patients who were not multimorbid. However, consultations were 0.5 (CI = 0.4 to 0.5) minutes shorter in the most compared with the least deprived fifth of areas at all levels of multimorbidity.ConclusionGPs in England spend longer with patients who have more conditions, but, at all multimorbidity levels, those in deprived areas have less time per GP consultation. Further research is needed to assess the impact of consultation length on patient and system outcomes for those with multimorbidity.
Time from presentation to pre-diagnostic chest X-ray in patients with symptomatic lung cancer: a cohort study using electronic patient records from English primary care
Authors: Arendse Kirsten D , Walter Fiona M , Pilling Mark , Zhou Yin , Hamilton Willie , Funston Garth 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNational guidelines in England recommend prompt chest X-ray (within 14 days) in patients presenting in general practice with unexplained symptoms of possible lung cancer, including persistent cough, shortness of breath, or weight loss.AimTo examine time to chest X-ray in symptomatic patients in English general practice before lung cancer diagnosis, and explore demographical variation.Design and settingRetrospective cohort study using routinely collected general practice, cancer registry, and imaging data from England.MethodPatients with lung cancer who presented symptomatically in general practice in the year pre-diagnosis and who had a pre-diagnostic chest X-ray were included. Time from presentation to chest X-ray (presentation–test interval) was determined and intervals classified based on national guideline recommendations as concordant (≤14 days) or non-concordant (>14 days). Variation in intervals was examined by age, sex, smoking status, and deprivation.ResultsIn a cohort of 2102 patients with lung cancer, the median presentation–test interval was 49 (interquartile range [IQR] 5–172) days. Of these, 727 (35%) patients had presentation–test intervals of ≤14 days (median 1 [IQR 0–6] day) and 1375 (65%) had presentation–test intervals of >14 days (median 128 [IQR 52–231] days). Intervals were longer among patients who smoke (equivalent to 63% longer than non-smokers; P<0.001), older patients (equivalent to 7% longer for every 10 years from age 27; P = 0.013), and females (equivalent to 12% longer than males; P = 0.016).ConclusionIn symptomatic primary care patients who underwent chest X-ray before lung cancer diagnosis, only 35% were tested within the timeframe recommended by national guidelines. Patients who smoke, older patients, and females experienced longer intervals. These findings could help guide initiatives aimed at improving timely lung cancer diagnosis.
THE VALIDITY OF LEARNING DEVICES WITH A CONTEXTUAL APPROACH TO IMPROVE CONCEPT UNDERSTANDING ABILITIES
Authors: Siregar Eva Yanti , Holila Anni , Ahmad Marzuki 
Published: December 2020

The low ability to understand concepts is something that is still often found in mathematics learning, especially in secondary schools. One of the reasons is the lack of learning device that encourage students to be active in learning. Therefore, it is necessary to develop contextual learning tools in an effort to improve students' the ability understand mathematical concepts (AUMC) students. The type of research is descriptive quantitative. The research instrument was in the form of a learning device validation sheet. The research subjects were learning device which included lesson plans, student activity sheets (SAS), and students' AUMC tests. The object of research is the level of validity of the learning device. The results showed that the lesson plan with an index V of 0.72 was categorized as valid. SAS with an index V of 0.78 is categorized as valid, The AUMC-1 test and the AUMC-2 test with an index of V 0.76 and 0.74 were included in the valid category. It can be concluded that the contextual approach in improving student AUMC from the aspects of format, language and content is valid.
Jogo Animacards Caatingueiros: conhecendo os animais vertebrados da Caatinga e entendendo sua importância
Authors: Lira Jéssica Gouveia , Ribeiro Elâine Maria Santos , Lima Regina Lúcia Félix de Aguiar 
Published: December 2020

A fauna da Caatinga possui animais que estão ameaçados por ações antrópicas como a caça e desmatamento. O emprego de estratégias de Educação Ambiental na escola pode contribuir para valorização e conservação da fauna. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um jogo didático para abordagem da fauna de vertebrados da Caatinga. O jogo Animacards Caatingueiros inclui o perfil de 20 espécies de animais vertebrados terrestres da Caatinga, levando em consideração a vulnerabilidade e atratividade dessas espécies. Animacards Caatingueiros é um recurso didático para uso em sala de aula que contribui para a construção da consciência ambiental sobre a importância de conservação desses animais.
Professora de estudantes com deficiência, e agora? Relato de experiência antes e após formação continuada
Authors: Picolini Beatriz Ribeiro Aleluia , Lago Dan´´usia Cardoso , Tartuci Dulcéria 
Published: December 2020

Entre as demandas da inclusão escolar está a formação continuada dos professores que atuam com estudantes com deficiência. Na prática, o que vem ocorrendo é que professores sem formação na área da educação especial atuam empiricamente com esses estudantes tanto no contexto da sala de aula comum quanto em salas de recursos multifuncionais. Pesquisas apontam que os professores buscam cursos, por conta própria, nessa área visando auxílio em sua prática docente, pois os cursos sobre educação especial e inclusiva oferecidos pelos Estados e Municípios, além de não suprirem as necessidades de formação, são escassos e não atendem à demanda. Diante do exposto, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar, por meio de um relato de experiência, a trajetória profissional de uma professora do ensino fundamental que atuou/atua com estudantes com deficiência antes e após sua participação em cursos de formação continuada, em nível de especialização, na área da educação especial. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa cujos instrumentos de coleta de dados foram os diários de registros da experiência dessa professora, além das suas narrativas orais contendo toda sua trajetória profissional. As análises dos relatos da experiência, descritas neste artigo, apontaram a necessidade de ampliação dos cursos de formação continuada para professores na área da educação especial. Para a professora, objeto deste estudo, esses cursos fomentaram ampliação do conhecimento nessa área, conhecimentos que se refletiram criticamente em sua atuação pedagógica junto aos estudantes com deficiência.
Palavras-chave: Educação Especial. Relato de experiência. Formação continuada.
ANALISIS KOORDINASI DAN SETTING OVER CURRENT RELAY (OCR) PADA PEMAKAIAN DAYA SENDIRI PLTU SMS ENERGY MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE ETAP 12.6.0
Authors: Nursalim Nursalim , Sampeallo Agusthinus S. , Willi Ahieser P.L 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The research aims to determine the size of the OCR Motor Pump, Grading Time OCR Motor Pump, coordination Motor Pump OCR and auxiliary OCR on PLTU SMS Energy in the Bolok industrial area. Research started by collecting electricity data PLTU SMS Energy in the form of secondary data. These data are used to create single line diagrams, simulations and analysis using ETAP 12.6.0. The results of the research get an OCR Setting with the following short-circuiting value parameters. Setting relay Bus 1 FCP with Ip = 3 A and TMS = 0.1 s, setting relay Auxiliary bus I with IP = 2 A and TMS = 0.21 s, setting relay bus OutGoing 1 with IP = 0.6666 A and TMS = 0.30 s and setting relay bus G1 with IP = 1 A and TMS = 0.45 S. TMS OCR on Pump motor is plotted faster due to the most downstream OCR location with smaller short-circuited tension. From the coordinating curve of Grading Time obtained that has been in accordance with IEEE Standard 242-namely 0.2 – 0.4 seconds.
Keywords: Over Current Relay, OCR Coordination, Grading time, OCR setting, ETAP 12.6.0

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran settingan OCR Motor Pump, Grading Time OCR Motor Pump, koordinasi OCR Motor Pump dan OCR auxiliary pada PLTU SMS Energi di kawasan industri Bolok. Penelitian diawali dengan mengumpulkan data kelistrikan PLTU SMS Energy berupa data sekunder. Data-data tersebut digunakan untuk membuat single line diagram, simulasi dan analisis menggunakan ETAP 12.6.0. Hasil Penelitian mendapatkan Settingan OCR dengan parameter nilai arus hubung singkat sebagai berikut. Setting Rele Bus 1 FCP dengan Ip = 3 A dan TMS = 0,1 s, Setting Rele Bus Auxiliary I dengan Ip = 2 A dan TMS = 0,21 s, Setting Rele Bus OutGoing 1 dengan Ip = 0,6666 A dan TMS = 0,30 s dan Setting Rele Bus G1 dengan Ip = 1 A dan TMS = 0,45 s. TMS OCR pada motor Pump disetting lebih cepat karena letak OCR paling hilir dengan ganguan hubung singkat lebih kecil. Dari koordinasi kurva didapatkan Grading Time yang sudah sesuai dengan standar IEEE 242-yakni 0.2 – 0.4 detik.
Kata Kunci: Over Current Relay, Koordinasi OCR, Grading time, Settingan OCR, ETAP 12.6.0
ANALISIS PENGATURAN POSISI TAP ON LOAD TAP CHANGER PADA TRANSFORMATOR DAYA 30 MVA 70/20 KV DI GI MAULAFA
Authors: Sampeallo Agusthinus S. , Galla Wellem F. , Jala Darius M. K. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The Maulafa substation is a sub-system in the electrical power distribution system in the city of Kupang, has two transformers of 30 MVA 70/20 kV each equipped with OLTC. OLTC installation aims to obtain a stable secondary voltage value despite the voltage drop on the primary side, this is because the tap changer works by changing the coil ratio in a transformer. The results of calculations and analyzes performed on transformer 1 OLTC, tap position is in position 9, with a voltage range of 20.94 kV at peak load, with a primary voltage of 69.12 kV. For the lowest load, it is in position 9 with a voltage range of 20.85 kV with a primary voltage of 68.81 kV. Whereas for transformer 2 the primary voltage is 69.08 kV for peak load and 68.91 kV for lowest load, being in position 2 for peak load and position 1 for lowest load, with a range of voltage of 21.19 kV and 20 respectively. 88 kV. The OLTC tap position of transformer 1 can still be reduced to position 6 with a voltage range of 20.21 kV for peak loads and 20.11 kV for the lowest loads. Both transformers have the same loading, both peak load and lowest load of 26 MW for peak load and 15 MW for lowest load.

ABSTRAK
Gardu Induk Maulafa merupakan sub sitstem dalam sistem penyaluran daya listrik yang ada di Kota Kupang, memiliki dua buah transformator masing-masing 30 MVA 70/20 kV yang dilengkapi dengan OLTC. Pemasangan OLTC yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai tegangan sekunder yang stabil meskipun terjadi drop tegangan pada sisi primer, hal ini dikarenakan tap changer bekerja dengan cara merubah perbandingan lilitan dalam sebuah transformator. Hasil perhitungan dan analisis yang dilakukan pada OLTC transformator 1, posisi tap berada pada posisi 9, dengan jangkauan tegangan 20,94 kV pada saat beban puncak, dengan tegangan primer sebesar 69,12 kV. Untuk beban terendah, berada pada posisi 9 dengan jangkauan tegangan sebesar 20,85 kV dengan tegangan primer sebesar 68,81 kV. Sedangkan untuk transformator 2 tegangan primernya sebesar 69,08 kV untuk beban puncak dan 68,91 kV untuk beban terendah, berada pada posisi 2 untuk beban puncak dan posisi 1 untuk beban terendah, dengan Jangkauan tegangan masing-masing 21,19 kV dan 20,88 kV. Posisi tap OLTC transformator 1 masih bisa diturukan ke posisi 6 dengan jangkauan tegangan sebesar 20,21 kV untuk beban puncak dan 20,11 kV untuk beban terendah. Kedua transformator memiliki pembebanan yang sama, baik beban puncak maupun beban terendah yakni 26 MW untuk beban puncak dan 15 MW untuk beban terendah.