bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory research on college students’ motivations to volunteer – a case of international events hosted in China
Authors: Qiao Guiqiang , Zhang Hongyue 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the motivations of college students to volunteer for international events in the context of China; to design, modify the volunteer motivation scale for measuring the young volunteers; and to compare the motivations between volunteers in China and western society.
Latitudinal pattern in community‐wide herbivory does not match the pattern in herbivory averaged across common plant species
Authors: Zvereva Elena L. , Zverev Vitali , Usoltsev Vladimir A. , Kozlov Mikhail V. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) predicts that plant losses to herbivores decrease from low to high latitudes. Although the LHH is a community‐level hypothesis, it has been rarely tested with data on community‐wide herbivory, i.e. the percentage of annual production of foliar biomass consumed by insects from all plant species at a given site. Therefore, we asked whether community‐wide leaf herbivory follows the same latitudinal pattern as observed for an unweighted average of herbivory across common plant species.

We selected 10 study sites in boreal forests from 60 to 69°N along a 1,000‐km long latitudinal gradient in NW Russia. We measured relative foliar losses to insect herbivores in seven woody plant species (jointly comprising over 95% of the community‐wide above‐ground biomass) and estimated their current‐year foliar biomass. We averaged leaf herbivory for all seven species and calculated community‐wide leaf herbivory by weighting the relative foliar losses of each plant species against the contribution of that species to the annual foliar biomass production.

Leaf herbivory was five‐fold higher in deciduous species than in conifers. Latitudinal patterns in herbivory varied from a significant poleward decrease in all deciduous species to a significant poleward increase in Norway spruce. Herbivory values, averaged across seven plant species, decreased with latitude and followed the pattern observed in deciduous plants due to their higher foliar losses compared with conifers. By contrast, community‐wide herbivory did not change with latitude. This discrepancy emerged because the proportion of deciduous plant foliage in the community increased with increasing latitude, and this increase counterbalanced the simultaneous poleward decrease in losses of these species to insects.

Synthesis. The herbivory measured by averaging relative losses of individual plant species and community‐wide herbivory is likely to show different latitudinal patterns in various plant communities. The contributions of plant species to the total foliar biomass production should be taken into account in studies of spatial patterns of herbivory which test community‐level hypotheses. This approach may provide new insight into macroecological research on biotic interactions and improve our understanding of the role of insect herbivores in ecosystem‐level processes.
A social practice perspective on meat reduction in Australian households: Rethinking intervention strategies
Authors: Daly Jane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecent widespread calls and strategies for consumers to change and reduce meat consumption position meat as both an environmentally unsustainable and highly desired food. Such change is often understood as an unattractive and difficult process of relinquishment, and that perspective informs interventions designed to lessen the presumed hardship involved. This article troubles such assumptions by reference to a practice theoretical approach and by extending conceptual debates circulating within consumption geographies. The work explores food preferences and tastes generated in what I describe as everyday “mealing” practices, within which meat's relevance may be diminishing, contingent, or negotiable. I draw on go‐along stories about meals‐in‐flux told to me by Australian householders participating in “Meat Free Mondays” and/or consuming meat substitute products. I analyse the practical, material, and sensorial aspects of “mealing‐practice” change and show how the stir‐fry is a meal displacing “meat and three veg.” The work contributes to geographical research increasingly focused on understanding desires and tastes produced through everyday practices. In the process, it complicates understandings of meat consumption reduction as sacrifice and points to possibilities for new research and more effective forms of intervention.
Governmentality and resident experience in an eco‐themed master‐planned estate
Authors: Smith Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMaster‐planned estates are not only new urban spaces for living but also represent new approaches in urban governmentality. They entail systems of private governance not only to encourage self‐regulation of resident behaviour, but also to control how residents “consume” the estate. In middle‐class ethopolitics, acceptance is based on consumption that supports homeownership as an investment, supporting the creation and maintenance of value while achieving a broader social benefit of sustainability. This occurs within the context of a governmental dilemma of how much to control, as well as different ideas of value creation and the attainment of sustainability. Murrays Beach is an eco‐themed master‐planned estate on the east coast of Australia at Newcastle, New South Wales. The production of the estate was achieved partly through discursive practices such as building design covenants that define appropriate consumption. Consumption reflected an interpretation of sustainability based on the integration of ecology and lifestyle. Using a combination of discourse analysis and post‐occupancy evaluation, this article explores the experiences of residents as they rationalise and live with a system of private governance oriented towards a particular interpretation of sustainable consumption. I find evidence to support the conclusion that the lived experiences of residents are entangled with private governance, scripted consumption, commodity value, owner–investor rationalities, and homeowner rationalities.
Food Waste and Food Safety Linkagesalong the Supply Chain
Authors: Toma Luiza , Revoredo‐Giha Cesar , Costa‐Font Montserrat , Thompson Bethan 
Published: May 2020

SummaryFood safety, whether actual or perceived, is one of the major reasons for food waste along the agri‐food supply chain. Food safety hazards at farm level such as mycotoxin contamination of feed, overuse of antimicrobials in livestock disease control, and zoonotic disease incursion may lead to food unfit for human consumption and thus waste. Given the importance of safety as one of the most important attributes of food, the appropriate management of risks along the supply chain can contribute to reductions in food loss and waste. However, a better coordination between food waste and safety policies is also needed, which requires: balancing the scientific evidence and the precautionary principle; reviewing current food safety regulations to identify areas potentially leading to avoidable waste; combining the monitoring of safety hazards and waste along the agri‐food chain; provision of tailored information on linkages between food safety and waste; and investment in technologies to accurately assess the edibility of food. Attention needs to be paid to policies and practices on food labelling and packaging to ensure that they do not lead to unintended or unnecessary impacts on food safety and waste, which are not justified by scientific evidence.
Insect diversity in Gonggeom‐ji, the first protected paddy field wetland in Korea
Authors: Hwang Jeong Ho , Kim Eunjoong , Choi Eun Young , Choi Jong Bong , Park Jong Kyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGonggeom‐ji pond is the first protected paddy field wetland area, designated by the Ministry of Environment of Korea in 2011, because of its high biodiversity and historic value. It contains reservoirs, paddy fields, and a forest site that provides diverse niches for insects. Quantitative methods were used in this study to estimate the insect diversity of this region. A transect of 50 m was designated in each site (reservoirs, paddy fields, and a forest site). Data were collected using sweeping and pitfall traps along each transect in May, August, and November 2017, representative of the seasons—spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. As a result, a total of 1079 individual insects representing 170 species from 60 families within nine orders were collected. Diversity, richness, and evenness indices were the highest in the forest site in May (4.77, 8.6, and 0.91, respectively). The dominance index was the highest in the forest site in November (0.64). Similarity index was the highest in the reservoir in May and August (0.519). These results would help compare different sites and their vegetation to assess relationships between insects and habitats.
The comparative research of structural and textural characteristics of six kinds of collagen‐based sauce braised meat products
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Wang Ying , He Jun , Pan Daodong , Wang Hongfei , Zhou Guanghong , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCollagen‐based sauce braised meat products with a unique flavor, chewiness, and springiness are very popular in China. In order to understand how the structure, thermal properties, and chemical components of collagen‐based tissues influence the texture characteristics of collagen‐based meat products during stewing, three kinds of tendon tissues (chicken feet tendon [CFT], sheep tendon [ST], and bovine tendon [BT]) and three kinds of skin tissues (chicken feet skin [CFS], sheep skin [SS], and porcine skin [PS]) were selected to heat for 45 min at 95 °C, and texture, thermal properties, micromorphology, ultrastructure, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and collagen content were evaluated among the six kinds of collagen‐based tissues. Results showed that BT had the highest hardness, chewiness values, total collagen content, and the thickest fibers diameters, followed by ST, CFT, PS, and SS, whereas CFS had lowest values among six kinds of tissues. The thermal stability and GAG levels in tendon samples were higher than those in skin samples. Thicker diameters, higher thermal stability, GAG, and total collagen content could be responsible for the higher hardness and chewiness of tendon samples compared with skin tissues. These findings provide the understanding of relationship between meat quality of collagen‐based meat products and their morphological and chemical properties.Practical ApplicationThis research confirms that the difference in texture of different kinds of collagen‐based tissues was related to the difference in structure and chemical properties. The result can be used to optimize the processing conditions of collagen‐based sauce braised meat products in food industry.
Consumers’ perceptions of intrinsic and extrinsic attributes as indicators of safety and quality of chicken meat: Actionable information for public health authorities and the chicken industry
Authors: Katiyo Wendy , Coorey Ranil , Buys Elna M. , de Kock Henrietta L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding consumers’ perceptions toward chicken meat safety and quality could provide valuable information to public health educators since it is the most consumed meat. This study explores perceptions of a group of South African consumers on the safety and quality of chicken meat based on intrinsic and extrinsic attributes and identifies related safety risks. Data were collected through a web‐based survey (863 participants). A substantial proportion of consumers considered supermarkets as the most trusted outlets to sell safe and good quality chicken (compared with butcheries, wholesalers, farmers’ markets, street vendors, or “other retailers”). The majority of respondents (53%) most trusted refrigerated chicken to be of good quality compared with 36% trusting frozen chicken or 11% chicken at room temperature. Frozen chicken was considered most safe by 48% of consumers while 43% regarded refrigerated chicken as most safe. At point of purchase and home, smell, use‐by date, sell‐by date, and color were perceived as important attributes when judging chicken safety and quality. Consumers considered the absence of brine use and growth‐promoting hormones in chicken feed as relatively important. The majority of consumers can be classified as highly involved during purchasing. It is essential that consumers apply safe chicken handling practices from point of purchase to consumption, irrespective of the type of retailer, perceived sensory characteristics, and date labels to reduce or eliminate microbial risks. Addressing consumer's knowledge and expectations regarding factors such as growth‐promoting hormones and free range may improve safety and quality perceptions.Practical ApplicationThis study gives insight into perceptions of a group of South African consumers toward safety and quality of chicken meat. Understanding consumers’ perceptions can provide valuable information to public health educators since chicken meat is a common vehicle for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp., which are human pathogens. Additionally, this information can assist the chicken industry to meet consumer expectations.
Use of the 50‐g glucose challenge test to predict small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates
Authors: Tanacan Atakan , Eyupoglu Mert , Fadiloglu Erdem , Zengin Hatice Yagmur , Karaagaoglu Ergun , Beksac Mehmet Sinan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo determine a cutoff value for the 50‐g glucose challenge test (50‐g GCT) for the prediction of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonates.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who were screened with the 50‐g GCT at Hacettepe University Hospital between 1 January 2016 and 31 March 2019. Patients with 50‐g GCT values <74 mg/dL (<10th percentile) served as the study group (n = 244), while patients with 50‐g GCT values between 74 to 139 mg/dL served as the control group (n = 3104). Groups were compared in terms of demographic features, clinical characteristics, and obstetric outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of SGA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the performance of 50‐g GCT values in predicting SGA.ResultsLower birthweight, birthweight percentile, and 5th‐minute Apgar values, together with higher rates of SGA, were observed in the study group (P < .001 for all). A 50‐g GCT value below the 10th percentile (odds ratio: 3.29, 95% CI: 2.31‐4.69, P < .001) was a significant independent factor for SGA. A cutoff value of 89.5 mg/dL (84.9% sensitivity, 85.6% specificity) was determined for SGA.ConclusionsLow 50‐g GCT values (<89.5 mg/dL) may be an early indicator for SGA.
Functional diversity metrics using kernel density n‐dimensional hypervolumes
Authors: Mammola Stefano , Cardoso Pedro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The use of n‐dimensional hypervolumes in trait‐based ecology is rapidly increasing. By representing the functional space of a species or community as a Hutchinsonian niche, the abstract Euclidean space defined by a set of independent axes corresponding to individuals or species traits, these multidimensional techniques show great potential for the advance of functional ecology theory.
In the panorama of existing methods for delineating multidimensional spaces, the r package hypervolume (Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 2014, 595–609) is currently the most used. However, functions for calculating the standard set of functional diversity (FD) indices—richness, divergence and regularity—have not been developed within the hypervolume framework yet. This gap is delaying its full exploitation in functional ecology, meanwhile preventing the possibility to compare its performance with that of other methods.
We develop a set of functions to calculate FD indices based on n‐dimensional hypervolumes, including alpha (richness), beta (and respective components), dispersion, evenness, contribution and originality. Altogether, these indices provide a coherent framework to explore the primary mathematical components of FD within a multidimensional setting. These new functions can work either with hypervolume objects or with raw data (species presence or abundance and their traits) as input data, and are versatile in terms of input parameters and options.
These functions are implemented within bat (Biodiversity Assessment Tools), an r package for biodiversity assessments. As a coherent corpus of functional indices based on a common algorithm, it opens the possibility to fully explore the strengths of the Hutchinsonian niche concept in community ecology research.
Effect of non‐sedation on post‐traumatic stress and psychological health in survivors of critical illness—A substudy of the NONSEDA randomized trial
Authors: Nedergaard Helene K. , Jensen Hanne I. , Stylsvig Mette , Olsen Hanne T. , Strøm Thomas , Toft Palle 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCritical illness can cause post‐traumatic stress and impaired mental health. The NONSEDA trial was a Scandinavian multicenter RCT, assessing non‐sedation versus sedation with a daily wake‐up call during mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. The aim of this substudy was to assess the effect of non‐sedation on post‐traumatic stress and mental health.MethodsThis substudy is based on all participating patients from a single NONSEDA trial site (Kolding, Denmark). Patients were randomized to sedation or non‐sedation within the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation. Three months after ICU discharge survivors were examined by a neuropsychologist for post‐traumatic stress, anxiety and depression, and filled out the SF‐36 questionnaire regarding quality of life.ResultsThe two groups of survivors were similar with regard to baseline characteristics, length of admission and mechanical ventilation. Sedated patients received more propofol and midazolam. Doses of morphine and haloperidole were equal. Primary outcome: the number of patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder did not differ between groups (non‐sedated: 2 patients vs sedated: 0, P = .23). Secondary outcomes: there were no differences between groups in Beck Anxiety Index (median, non‐sedated: 0 vs sedated: 0, P = .62), Beck Depression Index (median, non‐sedated: 7 vs sedated: 4, P = .24), SF‐36 mental component score (mean, non‐sedated: 46.7 vs sedated: 47.5, P = .73) or number of patients with symptoms of post‐traumatic stress (8 in both groups, P = .89).ConclusionLevels of PTSD, anxiety and depression and quality of life regarding mental health were similar between the non‐sedated and sedated group.
Clinical validation of bioreactance for the measurement of cardiac output in pregnancy
Authors: Ling H. Z. , Gallardo‐Arozena M. , Company‐Calabuig A. M. , Nicolaides K. H. , Kametas N. A. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMaternal cardiac dysfunction is associated with pre‐eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and haemodynamic instability during obstetric anaesthesia. There is growing interest in the use of non‐invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide antihypertensive and fluid therapies in obstetrics. The aim of this study was to validate thoracic bioreactance using the NICOM® instrument against transthoracic echocardiography in pregnant women, and to assess the effects of maternal characteristics on the absolute difference of stroke volume, cardiac output and heart rate. We performed a prospective study involving women with singleton pregnancies in each trimester. We recruited 56 women who were between 11 and 14 weeks gestation, 57 between 20 and 23 weeks, and 53 between 35 and 37 weeks. Cardiac output was assessed repeatedly and simultaneously over 5 min in the left lateral position with NICOM and echocardiography. The performance of NICOM was assessed by calculating bias, 95% limits of agreement and mean percentage difference relative to echocardiography. Multivariate regression analysis evaluated the effect of maternal characteristics on the absolute difference between echocardiography and NICOM. The mean percentage difference of cardiac output measurements between the two methods was ±17%, with mean bias of −0.13 l.min−1 and limits of agreement of −1.1 to 0.84; stroke volume measurements had a mean percentage difference of ±15%, with a mean bias of −0.8 ml (−10.9 to 12.6); and heart rate measurements had a mean percentage difference of ±6%, with a mean bias of −2.4 beats.min−1 (−6.9 to 2.0). Similar results were found when the analyses were confined to each individual trimester. The absolute difference between NICOM and echocardiography was not affected by maternal age, weight, height, race, systolic or diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, NICOM demonstrated good agreement with echocardiography, and can be used in pregnancy for the measurement of cardiac function.
Online video psychoeducation for electroconvulsive therapy in India: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tsai Jack , Huang Minda , He Hongbo , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite its effectiveness, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been widely but diminishingly used in India. The current study evaluated a video psychoeducation on ECT offered to adults in India who screened positive for depression. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either video or brochure psychoeducation. Both video and brochure psychoeducation significantly improved participants' perceptions, knowledge, and willingness to receive ECT with only a few significant differences between the two modalities. Together, these findings suggest that psychoeducation is effective. Video psychoeducation which can be inexpensive and widely distributed may represent an important way to encourage patients to consider ECT as an option.
Effect of ageing on antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics using clinical data combined with modelling and simulation
Authors: Stader Felix , Courlet Perrine , Kinvig Hannah , Battegay Manuel , Decosterd Laurent A. , Penny Melissa A. , Siccardi Marco , Marzolini Catia 
Published: May 2020

AimsThe impact of ageing on antiretroviral pharmacokinetics remains uncertain, leading to missing dosing recommendations for elderly people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV: PLWH). The objective of this study was to investigate whether ageing leads to clinically relevant pharmacokinetic changes of antiretrovirals that would support a dose adjustment based on the age of the treated PLWH.MethodsPlasma concentrations for 10 first‐line antiretrovirals were obtained in PLWH ≥55 years, participating in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, and used to proof the predictive performance of our physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The verified PBPK model predicted the continuous effect of ageing on HIV drug pharmacokinetics across adulthood (20–99 years). The impact of ethnicity on age‐related pharmacokinetic changes between whites and other races was statistically analysed.ResultsClinically observed concentration–time profiles of all investigated antiretrovirals were generally within the 95% confidence interval of the PBPK simulations, demonstrating the predictive power of the modelling approach used. The predicted decline in drug clearance drove age‐related pharmacokinetic changes of antiretrovirals, resulting in a maximal 70% [95% confidence interval: 40%, 120%] increase in antiretrovirals exposure across adulthood. Peak concentration, time to peak concentration and apparent volume of distribution were predicted to be unaltered by ageing. There was no statistically significant difference of age‐related pharmacokinetic changes between studied ethnicities.ConclusionDose adjustment for antiretrovirals based on the age of male and female PLWH isa priorinot necessary in the absence of severe comorbidities considering the large safety margin of the current first‐line HIV treatments.