bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of obesity and longevity: cohort study using national statistics
Authors: Vlassov V V , Lyapin G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a problem of major concern all around the world. On the personal level it leads not only to a decrease in life expectancy, but also increases the burden on health care. Objective of this study was to review the correlation between the longevity and prevalence of obesity in countries stratified by their economic prosperity.

Methods
We did a retrospective longitudinal analysis based on the World Bank and Global Burden of Disease data for the period from 1980 to 2015. We grouped countries by the national gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in purchasing power parity, and analyzed the correlation between life expectancy at birth, obesity prevalence for both sexes, 20+ years old, age-adjusted. For calculations and plotting we employ Python, libraries pandas, NumPy.

Results
We grouped countries at different time point during the study interval. Some countries changed their place in the range of GDP, and thus the shape of the curves describing the connection of obesity and longevity changed. In all groupings countries that are more affluent demonstrates higher longevity and higher prevalence of obesity. At all levels of GDP during the period of analysis we found the increase in obesity prevalence and increase of longevity. In poor countries the small increase in obesity prevalence is accompanied by the significant increase in longevity. Obesity-longevity tracks for individual countries suggest that they reflect the specific periods of the blossom or crisis in national economy and related aspects of life. For rich countries obesity-longevity curves suggest that the positive correlation is approaching the upper limit.

Conclusions
During the period 1980-2015 life expectancy is increasing at all levels of GDP with increase in the prevalence of obesity. Positive effect of a better nutrition, reflected by the prevalence of obesity, is powerful, but approaching its upper limit in the affluent countries.

Key messages
At all levels of economic development the life expectance is increasing with prevalence of obesity. Positive effect of a better nutrition, reflected by the prevalence of obesity, is powerful, but approaching its upper limit in the affluent countries.
CARPEM-LYNCH: a program linking hospital and NutriNet-Santé e-cohort data to test dynamic consent
Authors: Wendeu-Foyet G , Fassier P , Perrod G , Perkins G , Coffin E , Deschasaux M , Julia C , Mamzer M-F , Laurent-Puig P , Touvier M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Technological innovations have contributed to rapid changes in translational research, allowing greater amounts of shared data on an unprecedented scale. However, methods for involving patients in research have not kept pace with changes in research capacity. Modern tools offering more flexibility in the management of patient consent are needed. The CARPEM-LYNCH program aims to explore the acceptance and feasibility of the concept of dynamic informed consent. It is a pilot program to test a research platform at the interface between hospital follow-up clinical data and data provided by patients through the NutriNet-Santé e-cohort platform.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with Lynch Syndrome followed at the European hospital Georges Pompidou (HEGP) are recruited and followed-up within the NutriNet-Santé online platform. In addition to generic NutriNet questionnaires (very detailed data on diet, physical activity, lifestyle, etc.), participants receive specific questionnaires related to their syndrome, perception of nutritional risk factors, and quality of life. Clinical data collected during standard hospital care will be linked to NutriNet data for participants who provide a dynamic consent. This dispositive will allow to investigate multiple dimensions of dietary behaviors and their health impact in these at-risk patients.

Results
The pilot phase has started. The first 20 patients have been included, showing good acceptance of the dynamic consent. Qualitative analysis of their responses is ongoing to optimize tools before large-scale deployment and extension to other hospital centers.

Conclusions
This experience of merging hospital and e-cohort data through dynamic consent to advance knowledge on health impact of diet and lifestyle in Lynch patients opens up a multitude of perspectives.

Key messages
Dynamic informed consent offers opportunities for data sharing between clinicians, researchers and patients with a promising impact on translational research. Dynamic informed consent can provide practical and sustainable solutions to the challenges of recruiting and retaining participants, managing consent and it can also be a source of economic efficiency.
A Listeria monocytogenes ST325 clone is widespread in the Lombardy Region dairy processing plants
Authors: Finazzi G , Filipello V , Gori M , Scaltriti E , Bracchi C , Menozzi I , Tanzi E , Bolzoni L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen with low incidence but severe manifestations in at risk categories (up to 30% fatality rate in YOPI). L. monocytogenes can form biofilm and persist in food processing environments for decades. In the Lombardy Region up to 50% of listeriosis cases have been attributed to dairy products. This study aimed at investigating a L. monocytogenes clone widely present in one of the most important Italian cheese production chain.

Methods
Through a retrospective analysis of the Lombardy Region PFGE database a cluster comprising isolates from eight PDO Gorgonzola and Taleggio dairies (2013-2019) was identified. A representative subset of 33 isolates was typed with MLVA and MLST. All isolates were further typed with WGS and compared to all Lombardy clinical isolates (n = 9) that shared the same Sequence Type (ST). Genomic relationship among isolates were investigated with cgMLST and SNP analysis.

Results
All isolates had the same MVLA/MLST profile (ST325). cgMLST and SNP analysis divided the isolates in two clusters that however shared a very high similarity (99.4%). Interestingly, isolates collected from same production plants clustered separately. Conversely, isolates collected in different years and plants clustered together. By querying the L. monocytogenes MLVA database it was possible to identify isolates of the same production chain with identical profile back to the year 2005. ST325 clinical isolates represented 2% of all typed clinical isolates and have an incidence of 0.007 cases/100000 inhabitants. Due to the high genomic similarity, it was not possible to link any clinical isolate to a putative source.

Conclusions
Our data suggest a persistent contamination by a L. monocytogenes ST325 clone traced back to the year 2005 present in the dairy production chain of Lombardy. Given the high similarity among the isolates further analyses with a larger dataset and are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of this clone.

Key messages
A highly clonal contamination by L. monocytogenes is widespread in the Lombardy Region dairy production chain. The low incidence of ST325 among the population suggests a low pathogenicity of the strain, however the occurrence of an ongoing long-term outbreak cannot be excluded.
Food allergy: knowledge level of food handlers at school canteens
Authors: Liz Martins M , Estrela I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Food allergy becomes a public health problem whose prevalence in children is increasing. Due to the daily number of children using school canteens, these settings play an important role on allergic reactions prevention, being essential to know the knowledge level of food handlers.

Methods
This study focused on Portuguese schools of the city of Porto, that daily offer 6500 lunches to children aged 3 to 10 years old. The study was performed in all school canteens having children with food allergies (n = 25). To evaluate knowledge level on food allergy, a questionnaire was applied to all food handlers responsible for meals serving, considering hot topics related to food allergy and cross contamination practices. Each question was scored: 0 (lack); 1 (correct); -1 (incorrect), ranged 0 to 20 points. The knowledge level was converted in a 4-level scale: &lt;50% (non-acceptable); 50-74% (acceptable); 75-89% (good); 90-100% (very good).

Results
Despite of 44.9% of food handlers presented a good level knowledge, it was observed that 38.8% of participants showed non-acceptable values. The knowledge mean level was 11.9 (±4.1) points. A high knowledge was observed for cooks (13.8±3.0) and canteen managers (20.0±0.0) (p = 0.006), as well as, for a high school level. Only 36.7% of participants had training on food allergy, with no influence on knowledge level (0.610). Participants having training on food safety has a higher knowledge level (13.0±3.9) than food handlers having no training (9.8±3.7) (p = 0.008). The majority of respondents showed to know food handling good practices when exposed to case studies related to food allergy.

Conclusions
A positive level of knowledge on food allergies was observed for the majority of food handlers. Nevertheless, a high number of participants had no training on food allergy. This work has a potential impact on children's health, awareness for the need to implement regular training actions and surveillance systems at school canteens.

Key messages
A large number of food handlers showed non-acceptable knowledge levels and no training on food allergy. Professional category influenced knowledge, being important the motivation and training of all employees.
Lifestyle change predictors in the general population
Authors: Stirparo G , Bini M , Odone A , Signorelli C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Even thought lifestyle changes have a main role in cardiovascular disease prevention, people show a weak adherence to medical advices. Aim of our study was to identify anamnestic predictors of poor compliance for lifestyle changes in a general population.

Methods
We submitted a 26 questions questionnaire to 301 general population subjects, investigating multiple anamnestic characteristics. Afterwards, we proceeded to explain people the main line of the European society of Cardiology guidelines on Cardiovascular prevention. Finally, we asked the subjects if this prevention campaign was able to modify their lifestyle.

Results
Sixty-four percent of interviewed were prone to change their lifestyle. Females answered positively more than males (73% vs 59%, p = 0.011). In terms of cardiovascular risk factors only the presence of dyslipidemia was significantly associated with a will of change (84% vs 58%, p = 0.000). Age (49 (18) vs 46 (20) ), familiar history of cardiovascular disease (69% vs 63%,p=0.320) and the presence of a previous cardiovascular event (68% vs 66%,p=0.841), do not predict the adherence to lifestyle change.

Key messages
Cardiovascular disease dose not influence people’s decision in life style change. Male gender represents an anamnestic characteristics that predict a poor adherence to lifestyle changes while people affected by dyslipidemia more frequently are prone to modify their routine.
Food Insecurity and National School Feeding Program in Brazil – 2004 to 2013
Authors: Souza I , Silva V S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
One of United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. In this sense, the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) in Brazil is one of the largest school feeding program in the world and the only one with universal service. It's exist before of Brazil's Family Grant Program (PBF) - a conditional cash transfers program - and the only condition to access is to be a student in public school (kindergarten to high school). So, the aim of this work is to verify the association between food insecurity and the PNAE in Brazil (2004 to 2013).

Methods
The database used in the present study was the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD) thats incorporated Food Security Supplement (FS Supplement). The food security was conceptualized in four levels: food security (FS) and the three types of food insecurity (FI), Mild FI (MiFI), Moderate FI (MoFI) and Severe FI (SFI). Only household with people with less than 18 years-old at public school was analyzed. The database are from 2004, 2009 and 2013 PNAD. The association between food insecurity and PNAE (user or non-user) was conducted by multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression (the results are preliminary).

Results
The FI in 2004 was present in 35.2% of households (95%CI: 32.9-37.5), 30.5% (95%CI: 28.7-32.3) in 2009 and 22.9% (95%CI: 20.9-24.8) in 2013. In all years of the study the most users of PNAE living in a household with FI than non-users, that's show in multiple correspondence analysis (two dimensions with a total of 31,7% of variance) and logistic regression (OR: 1.26, 95%IC: 1.24-1.28).

Conclusions
Author's agree that downward trend in food insecurity in Brazil was a result from Family Grant Program (PBF). Additionally, the PNAE continues as protective factor of FI, because people with less than 18 years-old at public school who lived in a household with FI can have at least one meal a day.

Key messages
School Feeding Programs contribute to Millennium Development Goals, as to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. National School Feeding Program in Brazil is a protective factor for Food Insecurity.
Examining the relationship between Orthorexia Nervosa and healthy lifestyle behaviors in students
Authors: Oktay B , Gokce A , Oze A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is an eating disorder characterized by a pathological obsession to healthy eating and excessive preoccupation with the consumption of healthy food. The ON levels of individuals are affected by their healthy lifestyle behaviors. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between ON levels as well as associated factors and healthy lifestyle behaviors in female students at Malatya Battalgazi Dormitory.

Methods
Our descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 and included 300 female dormitory students. The survey form used in the study consisted of questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics and eating habits; the Orthorexia Nervosa Evaluation Scale and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale were also utilized. The Chi-Square, Student t, One Way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used in the statistical analysis of data and p &lt; 0.05 was found to be significant.

Results
It was found that 16.7% of students had an inclination towards ON. Students who had 2 meals a day or less exhibited significantly lower ON tendencies compared to those who had 3 meals a day or more (p &lt; 0.05). The groups showed statistical variations in total Healthy Lifestyle Behavior scores and sub-class scores when compared according to levels of parental education (p &lt; 0.05). While the average Healthy Lifestyle Behavior score total was 124.8±14.61 in students who displayed ON tendencies, those that did not show such tendencies had a mean score of 120.0±19.74.

Conclusions
Students with ON tendencies have a higher healthy lifestyle behavior score. In addition, students consuming less than 2 main meals daily showed less signs of ON. In this case, it is necessary to prioritise updating and improving the methods evaluating the ON trends. It is thought that ON tendencies can be reduced and healthy lifestyle behaviors can be improved in students with education concerning nutritional awareness.

Key messages
The female students staying at Malatya Battalgazi Dormitory show low signs of ON. Healthy lifestyle behaviors of female students staying at Malatya Battalgazi Dormitory are above average.
Using documentation to develop grounded advocacy for equity focused public health work
Authors: Magnusson M , Hallmyr M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Health inequity is a global concern. The Public Health Unit (PHU) of a local hospital conducts activities in partnership with many actors, aiming at decreasing the health gap. This commission highlights the need to advocate for shared participation, influence and control and for methods that make health care available, accessible and acceptable for all. A platform for such advocacy includes analysis of interventions based on evidence-informed strategies.
How may PHU:s activities (2019) have contributed to health equity? Analyses build on documentation in the Health Equilibrium Methodology system which draw on Social Cognitive Theory, critical reflection and quantitative measurements.
PHU participated in 81 meetings on the strategic level. Common values and trust, more stable in long-term partnership, facilitated development of population-focused activities that could support marginalised groups. On the population level the Unit participated in 170 activities. Examples were bicycle courses, family centred talks with dietician, tobacco talks with youths and groups for mothers of Somalian origin. Common strategies were to support self-efficacy by confirming and communicating knowledge, to use reciprocal determination by drawing attention to environmental factors, to affect outcome expectations by highlighting links between lifestyle and health and to facilitate healthy habits by making guidelines accessible. Critical reflection highlighted barriers for making use of general advice. Data indicate that professional reflection is needed to implement shared participation, influence and control and that trust-building is dependent on stable presence.
Professional reflection, systematically documented and taken into account is needed to fully use health care potential to ensure Right to health for all.
Trust takes time to build but creates possibilities for inhabitants to raise health issues from their perspective, enabling meaningful support

Key messages
To take the full potential of public health work into account actors should use systematic documentation focusing on processes, avoiding to reduce evaluation to numerical reports. Health care professionals that aim at closing the health gap need to distance themselves from their personal perspectives by using systematic critical reflection of their practice.
Innovative data analysis approach informing policy action to improve wellbeing and health equity
Authors: Allen J , Yang L , Dyakova M , Kadel R , Couzens L , Van Eimeren M , Hill R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Wales is leading the way as one of the first countries supporting the World Health Organization to take forward the work of the Health Equity Status Report Initiative (HESRi) at a national level. The Welsh Health Equity Status Report Initiative (WHESRi) has been established to strengthen this global wellbeing and health equity agenda, applying a cutting-edge HESRi methodology first in Wales, providing valuable lessons and experience, which can enable other countries to take action to address health inequity. WHESRi includes three research streams: a) Health equity data analysis; b) Policy analysis and c) Health economic analysis.
The National Survey for Wales (NSW) (cross-sectional study design) is used to 'decompose' the gap in a health outcome using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition methodology. The analysis breaks down contributions to the inequitable health outcomes observed between different population groups, by factors that differ systematically between the groups. Factors, which align to the five HESRi health equity conditions (Health Services, Income Security & Social Protection, Living Conditions, Social & Human Capital and Employment & Working Conditions).
The work is also exploring how different health outcomes e.g. mental health and life satisfaction, result in different relative contributions to inequities in those outcomes from the five conditions.
Analysis of the 2016-17 NSW shows that the prevalence of good health is significantly higher in those who are not materially deprived (75.6% CI 74.5% to 76.6%) compared to those who are (55.3% CI 52.3% to 58.4%). Preliminary data suggests that when decomposing the gap in self-reported health between those who are materially deprived and those who are not, the largest contributing factor to the inequity is systematic differences in the degree of Income Security and Social Protection (39%).
The analysis identifies priority policy areas for action and further analysis.

Key messages
The health gap can be stratified and explained by five essential health equity conditions. Explaining the health gap informs cross-sector policy action and investment prioritisation towards healthy prosperous lives for all.
Training the next generation in transdisciplinarity
Authors: Pineo H , Moore G , Rowson M , Aldridge R W , Turnbull E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Transdisciplinarity is ideally suited to investigating the determinants of health, as it requires the understanding of multiple, interlinking factors such as poverty, culture, education, environment, and public policy. In this study, we set out to understand how others have taught transdisciplinary research methods to identify common teaching methods and best practices.

Methods
We conducted two separate literature reviews using OVID Medline. The first identified articles that conducted transdisciplinary research and the second focused on teaching transdisciplinary research. Studies from both searches were included if they described the methods used to teach transdisciplinary research. Data were extracted on teaching strategies, student assessment, and the cited benefits of both.

Results
Our search of transdisciplinary research papers provided 528 papers whilst our search on teaching transdisciplinary research methods identified 100. After screening, we included 23 papers. Forms of teaching transdisciplinary research were diverse, and included mentoring and multi-mentoring to learn from the experiences of others, small group work to develop interpersonal transdisciplinary skills, immersion in real-life experiences to develop research skills and peer discussion groups to facilitate peer-peer learning. Assessment methods included critical evaluations of past projects and group coursework.

Conclusions
Our review highlighted that a combination of interactive, problem-based discussion and hands-on learning experiences (assessed and non-assessed) were used for transdisciplinary learning and skills acquisition, which needs to be combined with an assortment of exposures to different disciplines in the forms of lectures, readings and learning material.

Key messages
Training the next generation in transdisciplinarity involves a diverse range of methods including immersion in real-life experiences. Transdisciplinary teaching involves an assortment of exposures to different disciplines in the forms of lectures, readings and learning material.