bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New‐graduate physiotherapists' perceptions of their preparedness for rural practice
Authors: Martin Romany , Mandrusiak Allison , Lu Andric , Forbes Roma 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveProviding health care in a rural or remote setting requires physiotherapists to adapt to a number of unique challenges. New‐graduates working in rural or remote settings must respond to these challenges in addition to those of being a novice practitioner. This study investigated the perceived preparedness of new‐graduate physiotherapists for work in rural or remote settings.DesignA qualitative general inductive approach.SettingRural and remote Queensland.ParticipantsNew‐graduate physiotherapists working in rural or remote locations were contacted via a snowballing recruitment strategy.Main outcome measureSemi‐structured interviews.ResultsFour key themes emerged from the data: (a) adjusting to rural life, (b) embracing opportunities, (c) stepping up to the plate and (d) preparing through authentic experiences.ConclusionNew‐graduate physiotherapists perceived rural and remote practice to be a challenging but valuable opportunity with many social and professional rewards. The complex clinical demands and unique cultural factors inherent in rural and remote locations were experienced as additional obstacles to the transition from student to clinician. New‐graduate physiotherapists were satisfied that their entry‐level training provided the necessary skills required to practise rurally and remotely; however, they expressed ‘shock’ at the rapid adaptations needed to provide effective service in these settings. New‐graduates are confident that exposure to authentic rural and remote clinical practice during their training was integral to their preparedness.
Review article: how the intestinal microbiota may reflect disease activity and influence therapeutic outcome in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Caenepeel Clara , Sadat Seyed Tabib Nasim , Vieira‐Silva Sara , Vermeire Séverine 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundIntestinal bacteria produce metabolites and by‐products necessary for homeostasis. Imbalance in this equilibrium is linked to multiple pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The role of the gut microbiota in determining treatment response is becoming apparent, and may act as biomarker for efficacy.AimTo describe knowledge about the intestinal microbiota on disease severity and treatment outcomes in IBDMethodsDescriptive review using PubMed to identify literature on the intestinal microbiota in IBDResultsSevere IBD has a less diverse microbiota with fewer commensal microbiota communities and more opportunistic pathogenic bacteria originating from the oral cavity or respiratory tract. IBD treatments can alter gut microbiota composition, but in vitro/in vivo studies are needed to prove causation. A diversification of the microbiota is observed during remission. Patients with a more diverse baseline microbiome and higher microbial diversity show better response to anti‐tumour necrosis factor‐α, vedolizumab and ustekinumab therapy. Higher abundance of short chain fatty acid‐producing bacteria, fewer mucus‐colonising bacteria and lower abundance of pro‐inflammatory bacteria have also been associated with a favourable outcome. Predictive models, based on a combination of microbiota, clinical data and serological markers, have good accuracy for treatment outcome and disease severity.ConclusionThe intestinal microbiota in IBD carries a set of promising biomarkers of disease activity and prediction of therapeutic outcome. Current insights may also help in designing microbiota modulation strategies to improve outcomes in IBD.
Patterns of variation in tree composition and richness in Neotropical Non‐Flooded Evergreen Forests
Authors: Cupertino‐Eisenlohr Mônica A , Oliveira‐Filho Ary T , Simon Marcelo F 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuestionsWe investigated tree floristic variation among the Neotropical Non‐Flooded Evergreen Forests (NEF). We addressed the following questions: (a) which are the floristic groups among NEF and how are they correlated with environmental variables; (b) how many species, genera and families are shared between these floristic groups and which species are unique and indicative of each one; and (c) how does species richness vary between NEF groups?LocationNeotropical region.MethodsWe used cluster and ordination analyses based on 518,004 tree occurrence data available in the NeoTropTree database to identify floristic groups throughout NEF. From the floristic groups identified here, we (a) verified correlations between floristic composition and precipitation, temperature, altitude, and latitude; (b) calculated the number of shared species, genera and families, and identified taxa unique to each group; and (c) obtained indicator species and estimated species richness for these floristic groups.ResultsWe recorded 172 families, 1,276 genera and 15,134 species in 1,885 sites of NEF. The families most rich in species were Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Myrtaceae. We identified nine groups among the NEF, which broadly correspond to floristic provinces reported in the literature. Altitude and annual mean temperature were associated with a species turnover gradient from Amazon to Andean Cloud Forest. Atlantic Forest (south) and Mesoamerica plus Caribbean (north) represented the extremes of a latitudinal gradient. The Atlantic Forest presented the largest number of exclusive and indicator species (2,477 and 265, respectively), while the Amazon showed the highest species richness (6,167 species).ConclusionsAlthough it was possible to separate NEF into distinct floristic groups, this floristic dissociation seems to be recent, since it found support only in species data. The floristic groups identified in this study are largely congruent with their geographic distribution and spatial/ecological isolation, and seem to reflect historical, geological and climatic events that occurred in the Neotropics.
Impact of 68Gallium prostate‐specific membrane antigen tracers on the management of patients with prostate cancer who experience biochemical recurrence
Authors: Diao Wei , Cao Yuan , Su Dunyan , Jia Zhiyun 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of 68Gallium prostate‐specific membrane antigen (68Ga‐PSMA) tracers on the management of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) by conducting a systematical review and meta‐analysis.Materials and MethodsWe performed a literature search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases up to 29 October 2019. We included studies that reported the proportion of patients whose management changed after 68Ga‐PSMA tracers were used in patients with BCR. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 tool to evaluate the quality of the included studies. The proportion of patients with management changes were pooled using a random‐effects model. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression analyses were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. A Sankey diagram was used to show treatment change from before to after the use of 68Ga‐PSMA tracers.ResultsWe included 20 eligible studies (2026 patients). The pooled proportion of patients with management change was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI] 46–60) in patients with BCR and 51% (95% CI, 34–67) in patients with early BCR (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA] <0.5 ng/mL). The pooled positron‐emission tomography‐positive rate in patients with BCR was 68% (95% CI 59–78). Fourteen studies reported management change, with most changes being intermodal in nature (42%, vs 17% intramodal change).ConclusionsThe use of 68Ga‐PSMA tracers altered the management of more than half of PCa patients with BCR, including those with early BCR. 68Ga‐PSMA tracers might be used to guide individualized treatment in patients with BCR, particularly those with early BCR.
Arctigenin protects against depression by inhibiting microglial activation and neuroinflammation via HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB and TNF‐α/TNFR1/NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Xu Xiang , Piao Hu‐Nan , Aosai Fumie , Zeng Xiao‐Yu , Cheng Jia‐Hui , Cui Yue‐Xian , Li Jing , Ma Juan , Piao Hu‐Ri , Jin Xuejun , Piao Lian‐Xun 
Published: September 2020

Background and PurposeArctigenin, a major bioactive component of Fructus arctii, has been reported to have antidepressant‐like effects. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear. Neuroinflammation can be caused by excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines in microglia via high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/TLR4/NF‐κB and TNF‐α/TNFR1/NF‐κB signalling pathways, leading to depression. In this study, we have investigated the antidepressant mechanism of arctigenin by conducting in vitro and in vivo studies.Experimental ApproachThe effects of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on wild‐type (WT) and TLR4−/− mice were examined. Antidepressant‐like effects of arctigenin were tested using the CUMS‐induced model of depression in WT mice. The effects of arctigenin were assessed on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB and TNF‐α/TNFR1/NF‐κB signalling pathways in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mouse brain and HMGB1‐ or TNF‐α‐stimulated primary cultured microglia. The interaction between HMGB1 and TLR4 or TNF‐α and TNFR1 with or without arctigenin was examined by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and co‐immunoprecipitation assays.Key ResultsThe immobility times in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST) were reduced in TLR4−/− mice, compared with WT mice. Arctigenin exhibited antidepressant‐like effects. Arctigenin also inhibited microglia activation and inflammatory responses in the PFC of mouse brain. Arctigenin inhibited HMGB1 and TLR4 or TNF‐α and TNFR1 interactions, and suppressed both HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB and TNF‐α/TNFR1/NF‐κB signalling pathways.Conclusions and ImplicationsArctigenin has antidepressant‐like effects by attenuating excessive microglial activation and neuroinflammation through the HMGB1/TLR4/NF‐κB and TNF‐α/TNFR1/NF‐κB signalling pathways. This suggests that arctigenin has potential as a new drug candidate suitable for clinical trials to treat depression.
Dental caries, periodontal disease and restorative dental care among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous groups in Brazil: A descriptive study
Authors: Arantes Rui , Jamieson Lisa M. , Frazão Paulo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare patterns of dental caries, periodontal disease and dental care among Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Central‐West Brazilian subpopulations.MethodsData were from two population‐based cross‐sectional studies involving 5‐, 12‐, 15‐19‐ and 35‐44‐year‐olds. The first examined were the Guarani, Kaiowá, Terena and Kadiwéu Indigenous groups from Mato Grosso do Sul Brazilian state and the second comprised a non‐Indigenous population. Mean numbers of sound teeth, decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT), prevalence of poor oral hygiene for adults (35‐44 years) and of periodontal disease were estimated. Restorative dental service utilization was measured using the Care Index.ResultsThe study populations comprised of 1830 Indigenous and 29 395 non‐Indigenous people. The Kaiwoá ethnic group had the lowest DMFT among Indigenous groups for ages 12, 15‐19 years; 0.9 (95% CI 0.7‐1.1) and 2.4 (95% CI 1.9‐2.9), respectively. The highest values were observed among the 12‐year‐old Terena ethnic group and 15‐ to 19‐year‐old Kadiwéo groups; 2.2 (95% CI 1.8‐2.5) and 3.7 (95% CI 3.1‐4.4), respectively. The mean DMFT values were significantly lower among Indigenous than non‐Indigenous people for all age groups. The prevalence of bleeding and calculus was 70.3% (95% CI 64.5%‐75.5%) and 80.1% (95% CI 74.8%‐84.5%), respectively, for Indigenous people and 43.9% (95% CI 34.4%‐50.7%) and 61.5% (95% CI 55.4%‐67.2%), respectively, for the non‐Indigenous population. Restorative services were higher among 5‐year‐old non‐Indigenous children and adults than for Indigenous groups. Among Indigenous groups, the Terena had the highest level of restored teeth (38.0% at 12 years) and Kadiwéu the lowest level (8.8% at 12 years).ConclusionIn our study, Indigenous people had a lower caries burden, but less access to restorative services than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. These disparities likely reflect differences in historical, socioeconomic, cultural, environmental and political determinants that both groups have experienced differently over time.
Long‐term cognitive outcomes after cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in childhood
Authors: Slim Mahmoud , Aziz Aly Shah , Westmacott Robyn , Dlamini Nomazulu , Deveber Gabrielle , MacGregor Daune , Yau Ivanna , Andres Kathleen , Moharir Mahendranath 
Published: September 2020

AimTo assess long‐term cognitive function in children after cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT).MethodChildren with CSVT, who had neuropsychological testing for intellectual ability, executive function, attention, language, or behavior, were included in a prospective observational study. Outcomes were compared with normative means using one‐sample t‐tests. Predictors of abnormal function were examined using logistic regression.ResultsFifty children with CSVT were included (median age at diagnosis 2y 10mo, interquartile range 7d–6y 10mo; 35 males, 15 females). The median follow‐up time was 4 years 2 months (interquartile range 2y 8mo–6y 4mo). Compared with normative means, children with CSVT had lower mean (± standard deviation) full‐scale IQ, working memory, and processing speed scores (93.3±16, p=0.01; 93.6±16, p=0.04; 93.7±15.3, p=0.02 respectively). They also had lower scores in executive function, attention, and language domains. Refractory seizure at presentation was associated with a trend in behavioral problems (odds ratio [OR] 6.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–46, p=0.07). Females were less likely to experience processing speed difficulties (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.04–1.3, p=0.09). Incomplete recanalization was associated with a greater risk of abnormal verbal comprehension (OR 5.3, 95% CI 0.93–30.5, p=0.059).InterpretationChildren with CSVT as a group performed below age expectations on standardized neuropsychological tests, although there was variability across individuals and cognitive domains. Larger studies are needed to evaluate predictors of cognitive deficits in children with CSVT.
Descending aortic strain quantification by intra‐operative transesophageal echocardiography: Multimodality validation via cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Rong Lisa Q. , Palumbo Maria C. , Rahouma Mohammed , Lopes Alexandra J. , Devereux Richard B. , Kim Jiwon , Girardi Leonard N. , Gaudino Mario , Weinsaft Jonathan W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhereas cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides high temporal resolution imaging of aortic distensibility (strain), transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is widely used for intra‐operative aortic imaging and provides a clinical alternative for aortic assessment. We tested intra‐operative global circumferential aortic strain (GCS) measured on TEE in relation to the reference of CMR‐derived strain among patients undergoing surgical graft repair of ascending aortic aneurysms.MethodsCMR (3T) was prospectively performed in patients scheduled for aortic repair. TEE was performed intra‐operatively; images were co‐localized with MRI. GCS on CMR and TEE was quantified independently, blinded to results of the other modality.Results25 patients (54 ± 10 year‐old, 88% male) were studied, inclusive of 13 genetically mediated and 12 degenerative aneurysms: CMR and TEE were performed within 12 ± 9 days. Pulse pressure (PP)–adjusted descending aortic TEE‐derived GCS strongly correlated with cine‐CMR‐derived GCS (r = .75, P = .002) though absolute GCS and PP‐adjusted values were slightly lower (5.40 ± 1.11 vs 6.49 ± 1.43% and 11.55 ± 3.04 vs 13.99 ± 4.53%, respectively). Similarly, TEE yielded slightly lower end‐diastolic area (EDA [5.1 ± 1.7 cm2 vs 5.8 ± 1.3 cm2, P = .004]) and end‐systolic area (ESA [6.1 ± 1.9 cm2 vs 6.5 ± 1.7 cm2, P = .10]), with significant correlations between the two modalities (r = .73, .76, P < .05 for all).ConclusionsThis exploratory study supports feasibility of TEE for assessing aortic GCS in a surgical at‐risk population, as well as magnitude of agreement between intra‐operative TEE and preoperative CMR. We found that there is a significant correlation between GCS and EDA and ESA aortic areas, but that TEE‐derived parameters underestimated CMR values by a small but significant amount.
Chronic aorto‐right ventricular fistula following penetrating cardiac injury: A case report
Authors: Hou Xiaojie , Wan Juyi , Liao Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAorto‐cardiac fistula is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition. We herein report a rare case of chronic aorto‐right ventricular fistula formation secondary to a stab penetrating injury to the heart and aorta occurred 15 years ago. The aorto‐right ventricular fistula was not found until 15 years after the incident. The fistula had been repaired successfully to prevent further deterioration of cardiac function. Here, we report the clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment strategies of the aorto‐right ventricular fistula, and discuss the possible etiology of the development of the fistula after the penetrating injury.
Evaluation of intervention aimed at improving reproductive success in Orange‐bellied Parrots Neophema chrysogaster: Lessons, barriers and successes
Authors: Stojanovic Dejan , Young Catherine , Troy Shannon , Heinsohn Robert 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAssessing feasibility and identifying constraints that affect project implementation is a crucial step for planning long‐term species recovery actions for field‐based programs. We report on the outcomes of a conservation intervention on the most endangered parrot in the world, the Orange‐bellied Parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). We aimed to trial new techniques to increase reproductive success of wild nests and address key knowledge gaps. We aimed to achieve higher reproductive success using (i) intervention – where fertile eggs or nestlings would be fostered from captivity to wild nests that suffered infertility or had small brood sizes and (ii) rescue – where wild‐born nestlings would be removed from nests if they were ailing and either fostered to another nest or hand reared to improve their survival. Our project provided proof of principle that it is possible to implement intensive, individual‐level monitoring and intervention (via fostering of nestlings to infertile nests) to address reproductive problems for the Orange‐bellied Parrot. However, we also found important factors that hindered our ability to achieve project aims (management of biosecurity), and identified unexpected factors that have important implications for future application of these techniques (nest abandonment from video camera deployment, rapid death of unhealthy nestlings hindering rescue attempts). Our project tested techniques and tools to provide new approaches for fighting extinction of the Orange‐bellied Parrot, and yielded important new information about the species ecology and management options.
Blood biomarkers associated with inflammation predict poor prognosis in cerebral venous thrombosis:
Authors: Aguiar de Sousa D. , Pereira‐Santos M. C. , Serra‐Caetano A. , Lucas Neto L. , Sousa A. L. , Gabriel D. , Correia M. , Gil‐Gouveia R. , Oliveira R. , Penas S. , Carvalho Dias M. , Correia M. A. , Carvalho M. , Sousa A. E. , Canhão P. , Ferro J. M. 
Published: September 2020

Background and purposeExperimental studies suggest inflammation can contribute to blood barrier disruption and brain injury in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to determine whether blood biomarkers of inflammation were associated with the evolution of brain lesions, persistent venous occlusion or functional outcome in patients with CVT.MethodsPathophysiology of Venous Infarction—Prediction of Infarction and Recanalization in CVT (PRIORITy‐CVT) was a multicenter prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed CVT. Evaluation of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in peripheral blood samples was performed at admission in 62 patients. Additional quantification of interleukin (IL)‐6 was performed at day 1, 3 and 8 in 35 patients and 22 healthy controls. Standardized magnetic resonance imaging was performed at day 1, 8 and 90. Primary outcomes were early evolution of brain lesion, early recanalization and functional outcome at 90 days.ResultsInterleukin‐6 levels were increased in patients with CVT with a peak at baseline. IL‐6, NLR and CRP levels were not related with brain lesion outcomes or early recanalization but had a significant association with unfavourable functional outcome at 90 days (IL‐6: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05–1.56, P = 0.046; NLR: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.4–1.87, P = 0.014; CRP: OR = 1.756, 95% CI: 1.010–3.051, P = 0.029). Baseline IL‐6 had the best discriminative capacity, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict unfavourable functional outcome of 0.74 (P = 0.031).ConclusionsIncreased baseline levels of NLR, CRP and IL‐6 may serve as new predictive markers of worse functional prognosis at 90 days in patients with CVT. No association was found between inflammatory markers and early evolution of brain lesion or venous recanalization.
Interparental Relationship Quality During Pregnancy: Implications for Early Parent–Infant Bonding and Infant Socioemotional Development
Authors: Ramsdell Erin L. , Brock Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2020

ResumenLas investigaciones demuestran el papel fundamental que desempeñan las relaciones entre madre e hijo en el desarrollo socioemocional del niño; sin embargo, las familias son sistemas complejos, y los papeles únicos que desempeñan los múltiples subsistemas familiares en el desarrollo temprano del bebé han recibido menos atención. En el presente estudio, investigamos el papel que desempeñan varias relaciones familiares (interparentales, mamá‐bebé, papá‐bebé) durante el embarazo y el primer mes después del parto en el funcionamiento socioemocional a los 6 meses. Administramos entrevistas semiestructuradas durante el embarazo para evaluar varias cualidades de la relación interparental. Un mes después del parto, los padres realizaron informes acerca de sus sentimientos y actitudes hacia su bebé para evaluar deficiencias en el vínculo. A los 6 meses, los padres proporcionaron informes del funcionamiento socioemocional del niño. Los vínculos deficientes tanto entre la madre y el bebé como entre el padre y el bebé estuvieron asociados exclusivamente con una deficiencia socioemocional del bebé, teniendo en cuenta la calidad de la relación interparental prenatal. Además, varias dimensiones de la relación interparental (p. ej.: la mala calidad de la gestión de conflictos, el apoyo inadecuado para los papás y los niveles bajos de respeto hacia las mamás) estuvieron asociadas con una deficiencia socioemocional del bebé teniendo en cuenta el vínculo entre los padres y los bebés. Los resultados también demostraron una vía indirecta, por ejemplo, que la mala calidad de vida sexual durante el embarazo estuvo asociada con el informe de los padres (pero no de las madres) de un vínculo más deficiente con sus bebés, el cual estuvo ligado a una mayor deficiencia socioemocional del bebé. Los resultados destacan la importancia de comprender el entorno familiar amplio antes e inmediatamente después del nacimiento del niño a fin de identificar niños en riesgo lo antes posible en las etapas de la intervención.