bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abortion Law awareness and Abortion Services Utilization among reproductive age women of Inarwa municipality of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Khanal Vijay Kumar , Ghimire Hari Prasad , Bhattachan Meika , Nepal Gyanu , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Sharma Khem Raj , Gupta Pramendra Prasad , Pokhrel Paras Kumar 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Globally, reproductive health and quality of life among female population has been found to be unsatisfactory in developing world. Until 1963, Nepal’s 1854 legal code known as MulukiAin was revised numerous times that banned abortion exempting risk of women’s life. Enactment of New Abortion Policy from 2003 brought landmark reforms to the women’s choice in family planning methods and ended the sufferings of lengthy prison sentences for abortion crimes. This study was conducted to explore the level of awareness about abortion law with regard to health care utilization among women of reproductive age group along with its association with socio-demographic characteristics.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2014, in Inarwa Municipality among women of reproductive age group (16 to 49 years). Convenient sampling was done to collect data from households. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS 11.5 and presented in tabular form. Chi-square test was used to show association of awareness of abortion law and socio-demographic variables.
Results: education, age at first marriage and age at 1st pregnancy was found to be significant (p value: <0.005).
Conclusion: As media was the most used source of information, more education on awareness of abortion law and health care utilization should be disseminated through this medium.
Knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal
Authors: Tuladhar Sarita , Gurung Jamuna 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Conjunctivitis is a common health problem in Nepal. It is inflammation of conjunctiva presenting as red eye. It is a communicable eye disease. Health education to the students and proper management can help spread of the disease. Knowledge of conjunctivitis among school students will help in prevention of the disease. So the study was carried out to assess the knowledge of conjunctivitis among high school students in Pokhara valley of Western Nepal.
Materials/ Methods: A school based cross sectional study was performed among six government schools in western Nepal from May 2019 to June 2019. Students from grade eight, nine and ten were included in the study. Data was collected using structured questionnaire including demographic data, knowledge regarding sign symptoms of conjunctivitis, treatment, prevention, complication of conjunctivitis. Data was analysed using SPSS version 11.6.
Result: A total of 523 students were included in the study. The mean age of the students was 14.7 ± 1.2 years with majority of females (53%). Nearly 2/3rd of the students (61.6%) had heard of conjunctivitis. Majority of the students (87.4%) of the students mentioned that it is communicable while 80.3% of the students correctly mentioned its etiology. Majority of the students (97.9%) mentioned that it is curable with treatment as first option (97.5%). Majority of the students (98.3%) correctly responded to the preventive measures but majority of the students (83.2%) wrongly mentioned mode of transmission.
Conclusion: Secondary school students in Western Nepal have poor knowledge of conjunctivitis. Appropriate eye health education should be given to school students to prevent rapid spread of infective conjunctivitis.
Mesio-distal crown width in permanent dentition amongst adolescent population of Province II of Nepal
Authors: Jaiswal Alok Kumar , Parajuli Umesh , Bajracharya Manish , Singh Binita 
Published: July 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to gather normative data on the mesio-distal crown dimensions amongst adolescent population of Province II, Nepal, to make an accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. It will also be useful in various clinical disciplines of dentistry including basic dental and anthropological research.
Materials and Methods: Samples were selected Full form OPD of M B Kedia Dental College, Birgunj, Nepal. Total numbers of participants were 120, out of which 60 males and 60 females were selected after initial examination aged between 11 to 23 years. Subjects with all permanent teeth erupted (except second and third molar) without any history of previous orthodontic treatment and with no dental anomalies were included in this study. The alginate impressions were made by the well trained dental surgeon. Digital vernier calliper providing measurements to ± 0.01millimeter(mm) was used to measure the mesio-distal dimension of all teeth.
Results: The mean, range and standard deviation were calculated for the size of the teeth. Independent t-test was used to compare between male and female population. The significance level was set at p value <= 0.05. The population of Province II, Nepal shows greater sexual dimorphism in mesio-distal crown dimension which was exhibited by the maxillary molars (0.88 mm) followed by mandibular molars (0.38 mm). Similarly in anterior tooth segment the maxillary canines (0.29 mm) followed by the mandibular canines (0.27 mm).
Conclusion: The mean mesio-distal crown dimensions of the permanent dentition of males were larger than that of females for each type of tooth except maxillary central and lateral incisor.
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of wound infections among adult patients attending Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Sanjib Mani , Sharma Binita Koirala , Lamichhane Prem Prasad , Gautam Gyanendra , Pradhan Shanti , Kuwar Ratna 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Wound infections are significant group of infections in the hospitals worldwide. The wide spread uses of antimicrobial agents lead to emergence of resistant pathogens contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Accurate and prompt antimicrobial therapy is required to reduce the complications. This study was aimed to investigate pyogenic bacterial pathogens and their susceptibility patterns.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out at Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital from July to December 2018. Wound specimens obtained from adult patients were inoculated onto appropriate media and pathogens were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI).
Results: A total of 264 specimens were included in the study of which 167 (63.3%) were positive for bacterial growth. Of these, polymicrobial growth was observed in two specimens. Gram positive bacteria (119, 70.4%) were the leading cause of infections, Staphylococcus aureus (102, 85.7%) being the most dominant. Among the Gram negative pathogens (50, 29.6%), Escherichia coli (31,62%) was found to be the predominant followed by Pseudomonas aeurogenosa (10, 20%). Overall, the isolates were resistance to Ampicillin (90.7%), Amoxycillin (64.9%), Cloxacillin (68%), Ofloxacin (61.5%) and Cotrimoxazole (55.6%). Lesser rates of resistance were observed to Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Imipenem.
Conclusion: This study revealed the most common pathogens causing pyogenic wound infections in our setting. Again, these pathogens are resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, this study could be helpful to develop proper guidelines of antibiotics to be used for prophylactic and empiric treatment.
Establishing surface projection of Temporo- Mandibular Joint using tragus of ear as landmark
Authors: Baral Prakash , Awasthi Janak , Shrestha Rami , Sapkota Subas , Chaudhari Binod , Koju Sapna 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint between the articular fossa of the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle. It is condylar variety of joint. The most important functions of the TMJ are mastication and speech and are of great interest to anatomists, dentists, orthodontists and oro-maxillo-facial surgeons. The study was conducted with objective to establish the surface projection of Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) using tragus of ear as land mark.
Materials and methods: Twenty five cadavers dissected in pre auricular area on both right and left side were studied. Out of 25 cadavers, 18 were male and seven were females. The temporo-mandibular joints were exposed on both sides, keeping the tragus of the ear intact. Altogether fifty temporo-mandibular joints were studied. On living persons, condylar head of TMJ were palpated while the subjects were carrying out side to side movement of lower jaw. The distance between the summit of the tragus and the marking on condylar head was measured with the help of divider and scale.
Result: The mean distance in millimeter (mm) from midpoint of condylar head to the summit of tragus in all living subjects and cadavers (n=150) was 12.5 ± 3.5 mm and the mean length of distal phalanx of fore finger in all living subjects and cadavers (n=150) was 22 ± 4 mm.
Conclusion: The mandibular condyle can be palpated at 12.5 ± 3.5 mm distance from summit of tragus of ear (i.e. Half-length of distal phalanx of fore finger which is 22 ± 4 mm) just below the inferior border of zygomatic arch.
Association of Preoperative mid-stream urine culture, Renal pelvic urine culture and Renal stone culture in the detection of Systemic inflammatory response syndrome/urosepsis post Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Thapa Neeraj , Baral Suman , Maharjan Nabina , Chettri Raj Kumar , Acharya Suminma , Karki Kamal , Mahato Ranjit 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Urosepsis post Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a dreaded complication with high mortality rate. Objective: To find the association of preoperative midstream urine culture (PMUC), renal pelvic urine culture (RPUC) and renal stone culture (RSC) in the post-operative development of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) and urosepsis.
Methods: It was a prospective cross-sectional observational study. The study included all symptomatic patients meeting the inclusion criteria who underwent Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy from 18th August, 2019 to 28th March, 2020. PMUC, RPUC and RSC were done and analyzed accordingly.
Results: A total of 140 (73 males, 67 females) patients underwent PCNL. PMUC was positive in 15% (21/140) as compared to RPUC and RSC which were 7.9 % (11/140) and 4.3% (6/140) of total cases. None of the patients had simultaneous culture positivity in all the three types of specimens. Only two (1.42%) patients had simultaneous positivity in pelvic urine culture and stone culture. The organisms obtained in pelvic urine culture and stone culture were same i.e. Klebsiella and Escherichia coli respectively. Only two (1.42%) patients developed SIRS post PCNL, where in both the cases stone culture were positive but PMUC and RPUC were negative. Urosepsis was found in none of the patients. In the Fischer Exact test PMUC and RPUC were not statistically significant in the detection of SIRS post PCNL. Whereas only RSC showed statistical significance in the detection of SIRS.
Conclusion: Stone culture has high prediction for SIRS and it might be considered for patients undergoing PCNL in order to prevent stone related infective complications.
Ancaman Hoax Terhadap Media Massa
Authors: Gandhi Al Mutia 
Published: July 2020

Kemajuan teknologi dan informasi dewasa ini turut memberikan berbagai dampak positif dan negatif terhadap penyampaian sebuah pesan melalui media. Dimana pesan atau informasi yang ingin disampaikan melalui media sangat cepat untuk di ketahui khalayak. Terlebih pada media massa, informasi tersebut menyebar diberbagai media massa seperti facebook, instagram, twitter, whatsapp, berita online tanpa proses filterisasi sebuah pesan. Padahal kebenaran dari sebuah pesan akan mempengaruhi fikiran, emosi dan kepercayaan seseorang atau sekelompok orang dalam bertindak. Apabila pesan atau informasi tersebut berisi nilai kebohongan (hoax) maka akan mempengaruhi kredibilitas sebuah media sebagai alat untuk menyampaikan sebuah pesan atau informasi. Sehingga media yang dalam hal ini bertindak sebagai perantara akan terancam reputasinya dan kepercayaan dari komunikan atau publik sebagai sebuah alat.
Hadis Tematik Komunikasi Persuasif, Partisipatif, Instruktif dan Koersif
Authors: Jaya Aswan 
Published: July 2020

Sumber utama hukum Islam adalah Al Quran dan Hadis. Khusus dalam kajian ini berkonsentrasi pada satu sumber hukum Islam saja yaitu hadis, sementara dalil Al Quran ditempatkan sebagai salah satu penguji kebenaran hadis tersebut. Menemukan hadis-hadis yang cocok untuk dijadikan dalil terhadap beberapa tema umum menjadi tujuan dari penulisan ini, melalui pendekatan metode tematik. Tentunya hal ini bukanlah urusan yang mudah karena memiliki konsekuensi yang berdampak kepada penyimpangan dari makna sesungguhnya hadis. Untuk menghindari, setidaknya meminimalisir kekeliruan, maka perlu terlebih dahulu mengkaji secara tepat tema-tema yang dimaksud.Terdapat beberapa variabel utama yang perlu penjelasan secara tepat dengan batasan-batasannya, sehingga dalam pembahasan berikutnya tidak bias yang berakibat menghilangkan maksud dan makna yang ingin dicapai. Variabel-variabel tersebut adalah hadis, komunikasi, komunikasi persuasif, komunikasi partisipatif, komunikasi instruktif dan komunikasi Koersif. Sesungguhnya variabel-variabel komunukasi, kecuali komunikasi partisipatif tergolong dalam sub ilmu komunikasi yaitu teknik komunikasi atau fungsi komunikasi dan atau metode komunikasi. Istilah teknik yang berasal dari bahasa Yunani “technikos” dengan arti keterampilan atau keperigelan, berdasarkan pada keterampilan berkomunikasi yang dilakukan komunikator, teknik komunikasi diklasifikasi menjadi Komunikasi Informasi, Komunikasi Persuasif, Komunikasi Koersif, Komunikasi Instruktif, Hubungan Manusiawi.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL BERBASIS REALISTIC MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (RME) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA MTsS RAUDHATUN NAJAH LANGSA
Authors: Saprizal Saprizal 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanfaatan media audio visual berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa di MTsS Raudhatun Najah Langsa. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen kuasi dengan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pretest-posttest control group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII MTsS Raudhatun Najah Langsa yang berjumlah 96 siswa, sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih secara random sampling, maka didapat kelas eksperimen adalah kelas VII.a berjumlah 31 siswa dan kelas kontrol adalah kelas VII.b berjumlah 31 siswa. Instrument yang digunakan adalah tes yang berbentuk uraian sebanyak 5 butir soal. Teknik pengumpulan data mengunakan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Hasil pengujian hipotesis yang dilakukan pada taraf signifikan dan dk = (n1 + n2 – 2) = (31 +31 – 2) = 60 dengan kriteria tabel thitnugtabel sehingga diperoleh -2,00 5,99 2,00 sehingga H0 ditolak sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemanfaatan media audio visual berbasis Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa di MTsS Raudhatun Najah Langsa.
PENGARUH SELF MONITORING TERHADAP SELF EFFICACY SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SMP KOTA LANGSA
Authors: Yanti Cut , Nuraida Nuraida , Srimulyati Srimulyati 
Published: July 2020

Self monitoring merupakan konsep yang berhubungan dengan konsep pengaturan kesan (impression management) atau konsep pengaturan diri. Self-efficacy merupakan keyakinan diri seseorang terhadap kemampuan yang dimilikinya dalam mencapai suatu tujuan berdasarkan hasil yang ditentukan. Kemampuan self-efficacy yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah keyakinan diri siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika ketika menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan, menjawab pertanyaan, dan memberikan tanggapan. untuk mengetahui pengaruh Self Monitoring terhadap kemampuan self efficacy siswa di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Langsa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah VIII SMP Negeri 6 Langsa yang sedang aktif belajar pada Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017 yang terdiri dari 6 (enam) kelas yang berjumlah 124 orang siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas kelas VIII.4 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 21 orang siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes dan non tes yang berupa angket dan lembar observasi. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa hasil uji hipotesis data post-test kemampuan self efficacy matematika siswa diperoleh dan sehingga . Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara Self Monitoring terhadap kemampuan self efficacy siswa di kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Langsa.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 6 ACEH BARAT DAYA PADA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI
Authors: Fajri Nisya , Nida Ira 
Published: July 2020

Hasil belajar siswa pada materi trigonometri masih berada dibawah nilai KKM dan nilai UN Matematika tahun 2017 pada materi Trigonometri masih sangat rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis kesulitan belajar matematika pada materi Trigonometri. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah 7 orang siswa kelas X pada SMA Negeri 6 Aceh Barat Daya. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa tes dan wawancara. Tes dilakukan untuk memetakan kesulitan siswa dan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam pengambilan subyek, sedangkan wawancara untuk mengidentifikasi kesulitan siswa pada materi Trigonometri. Analisis data yang dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah siswa mengalami kesulitan pada materi trigonometri. Kesulitan dalam menggunakan konsep disebabkan kerena siswa tidak paham dalam mendefinisikan konsep trigonometri (sinus, cosinus, tangen). Kesulitan dalam memahami prinsip disebabkan karena siswa kesulitan dalam melakukan operasi hitung serta tidak bisa menentukan nilai perbandingan trigonometri pada sudut istimewa. Kesulitan dalam memecahkan masalah dalam bentuk verbal disebabkan karena siswa tidak mampu menunjukkan unsur yang diketahui dan ditanyakan dalam soal bentuk cerita. Oleh karena itu, hendaknya pemahaman konsep dasar bentuk akar, teorema pythagoras dan perbandingan dapat lebih diperkuat dalam pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: Analisis Kesulitan, Trigonometri
The student learning outcomes are below the Minimum submission criteria value and the Low Mathematics national exam year 2017 in trigonometric materials so that the research aims to determine the type of difficulty of learning mathematics on the material Trigonometric. This method of research uses a qualitatively descriptive approach. The subjects in this study were 7 grade X students at SMA Negeri 6 Aceh Southwest. The Data is collected in the form of tests and interviews. Tests were conducted to map students ' difficulties and as one consideration in subject-taking, while interviews to identify students ' difficulties in trigonometric materials. Data analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The conclusion of this study is that students have difficulty in trigonometric material. The difficulty in using the concept is due to students not understand the concept of trigonometry (sinus, cosine, tangent). Difficulty in understanding the principle is due to students difficulty in performing the calculating operation and not able to determine trigonometric comparison values at special angles. Difficulty in solving the problem in verbal form is because students are not able to show the known elements and asked questions in the form of the story. Therefore, it should be understanding the basic concepts of the root form, the Pythagorean theorems and the comparisons can be further strengthened in learning.
Keywords: Difficulty Analysis, Trigonometry
PENGARUH PERKULIAHAN DARING TERHADAP KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH
Authors: Muhammad Iryana 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perkuliahan daring terhadap kemandirian belajar mahasiswa prodi pendidikan matematika Universitas Malikussaleh. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian nonequivalen control grup design. Untuk memperoleh data dalam penelitian ini digunakan intrumen non tes berupa kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji hipotesis, karena skor homogen data diolah dengan bantuan SPSS versi 17. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis kemandirian belajar mahasiswa diperoleh signifikan 0.029 < 0.05 berari H0 ditolak Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat pengaruh perluliahan daring terhadap kemandirian belajar mahasiswa prodi pendidikan mateamtika Universitas Malikussaleh.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MICROLEAKAGE, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND FLUORIDE RELEASE OF ZIRCONOMER AND KETAC SILVER: AN IN VITRO STUDY.
Authors: VEMAGIRI CHARANTEJA , Uloopi KS  , Vinay Chandrappa  , Anusha Ch  
Published: July 2020

Background: A successful restorative material forms a better adhesion, resist the microleakage and releases fluoride. However, existing glass ionomer cements cannot be used as a posterior restorative material in stress bearing areas. A new ionomer called Zirconomer, zirconia reinforced glass ionomer claims to exhibit high physical and biological properties.
Aim: To assess and compare the microleakage, compressive strength, flexural strength and fluoride release from zirconomer with ketac silver.
Materials & Methods: On twenty caries free premolar teeth (10 per each group), a class v cavity was restored with zirconomer and ketac silver. The microleakage was assessed using dye penetration test and stereomicroscope. The compressive and flexural strengths of these materials were measured using Instron Universal testing machine. The amount of fluoride released from the modified ionomers at pH 5 and pH 7 was estimated using Orion fluoride specific electrode. The obtained data was then subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: Data was analysed using paired t-test for intergroup comparisons and unpaired t-test for intragroup comparisons. The overall microleakage (0.5±0.48) of zirconomer was significantly less (p=0.000) compared to ketac silver (1.9±0.83). Zirconomer demonstrated a significant higher compressive strength (330.25±60.14), flexural strength (33.058±2.36) than ketac silver (p= 0.000). Zirconomer demonstrated high fluoride release from day 1 to day 7 at both pH 5 and pH 7.
Conclusion: Zirconomer demonstrated better physical and biological properties compared with ketac silver.