bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science identity trajectories throughout school visits to a science museum
Authors: Shaby Neta , Vedder‐Weiss Dana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractResearch has repeatedly demonstrated how informal learning environments afford science‐identity development by fostering a broader array of interactions and recognizing more varied participation modes and roles, as compared to the classroom. Thus, science teachers are encouraged to take students to field trips in informal environments, including science museums. However, the question of whether and how informal environments indeed support science identities also in a schooling context (i.e., in field trips) has not yet been explored. This case study addresses this question by analyzing identity trajectories of three students throughout six school visits to an Israeli science museum. We observed and recorded these students in the museum over the course of 3 years (fourth to sixth grade). We also visited their school and interviewed them after each visit. Drawing on a sociocultural interactional approach to identity, we analyzed 18 hr of video and audio recordings, tracking the participation of the three students across time and contexts, comparing between the students, points in time and settings, including structured (museum lab), semi‐structured (riddle‐solving activities in exhibition halls), and unstructured settings (free exploration). We employed linguistic ethnographic methods and microanalysis to examine the ways in which the students participated and their positioning by self and others. While we found differences between settings within the museum, overall, the findings show that the museum reproduced the school's interaction, positioning, and roles. The “(non)science person” in school was also the “(non)science person” in the museum, and thus, the museum visits did not appear to shift identity trajectories. These findings challenge the premise that informal environments support the development of science identities also in a schooling context and call for a more critical view of such fieldtrips in terms of their pedagogical and physical design, facilitation approach, and consideration of peers' social interaction.
One-loop determinants for black holes in 4d gauged supergravity
Authors: Hristov Kiril , Lodato Ivano , Reys Valentin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We continue the effort of defining and evaluating the quantum entropy function for supersymmetric black holes in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauged supergravity, initiated in [1]. The emphasis here is on the missing steps in the previous localization analysis, mainly dealing with one-loop determinants for abelian vector multiplets and hypermultiplets on the non-compact space ℍ2× Σg with particular boundary conditions. We use several different techniques to arrive at consistent results, which have a most direct bearing on the logarithmic correction terms to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of said black holes.
Predicting knottiness of Scots pine stems for quality bucking
Authors: Mäkinen Harri , Korpunen Heikki , Raatevaara Antti , Heikkinen Jere , Alatalo Juha , Uusitalo Jori 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStem shapes and wood properties are typically unknown at the time of harvesting. To date, approaches that integrate information about past tree growth into the harvesting and bucking process are rarely used. New models were developed and their potential demonstrated for stem bucking procedures for cut-to-length harvesters that integrate information about external and internal stem characteristics detected during harvesting. In total 221 stems were sampled from nine Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) stands in Finland. The widths of rings 11−20 from the pith were measured using images taken from the end face of each butt log. The total volume of knots in each whorl was measured by using a 4D X-ray log scanner. In addition, 13 stems were test sawn, and the diameters of individual knots were measured from the sawn boards. A model system was developed for predicting the horizontal diameter of the thickest knot for each whorl along a stem. The first submodel predicts the knot volume profile from the stem base upwards, and the second submodel converts the predicted knot volume to maximum knot diameter. The results showed that the knottiness of stems of a given size may vary greatly depending on their early growth rate. The developed system will be used to guide logging operations to achieve more profitable bucking procedures.
Peridynamic model for visco-hyperelastic material deformation in different strain rates
Authors: Huang Yunke , Oterkus Selda , Hou Hong , Oterkus Erkan , Wei Zhengyu , Zhang Shuai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study presents a peridynamic (PD) constitutive model for visco-hyperelastic materials under homogenous deformation. The constitutive visco-hyperelastic model is developed in terms of Yeoh strain energy density function and Prony series. The material parameters in the model are identified by optimizing the classical stress–strain relation and tension test data for different strain rates. The peridynamic visco-hyperelastic force density function is proposed in terms of the peridynamic integral and the Yeoh strain energy density. The time-dependent behaviour for different strain rates is captured by numerical time integration representing the material parameters. The explicit form of peridynamic equation of motion is then constructed to analyse the deformation of visco-hyperelastic membranes. The numerical results concern the deformation and damage prediction for a polyurea membrane and membrane-type acoustic metamaterial with inclusions under homogenous loading. Different surface defects are considered in the simulation. The peridynamic predictions are verified by comparing with finite element analysis results.
Advanced Modeling to Predict Pneumonia in Combat Trauma Patients
Authors: Bradley Matthew , Dente Christopher , Khatri Vivek , Schobel Seth , Lisboa Felipe , Shi Audrey , Hensman Hannah , Kirk Allan , Buchman Timothy G. , Elster Eric 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundTools to assist clinicians in predicting pneumonia could lead to a significant decline in morbidity. Therefore, we sought to develop a model in combat trauma patients for identifying those at highest risk of pneumonia.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 73 primarily blast‐injured casualties with combat extremity wounds. Binary classification models for pneumonia prediction were developed with measurements of injury severity from the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), transfusion blood products received before arrival at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), and serum protein levels. Predictive models were generated with leave‐one‐out‐cross‐validation using the variable selection method of backward elimination (BE) and the machine learning algorithms of random forests (RF) and logistic regression (LR). BE was attempted with two predictor sets: (1) all variables and (2) serum proteins alone.ResultsIncidence of pneumonia was 12% (n = 9). Different variable sets were produced by BE when considering all variables and just serum proteins alone. BE selected the variables ISS, AIS chest, and cryoprecipitate within the first 24 h following injury for the first predictor set 1 and FGF‐basic, IL‐2R, and IL‐6 for predictor set 2. Using both variable sets, a RF was generated with AUCs of 0.95 and 0.87—both higher than LR algorithms.ConclusionAdvanced modeling allowed for the identification of clinical and biomarker data predictive of pneumonia in a cohort of predominantly blast‐injured combat trauma patients. The generalizability of the models developed here will require an external validation dataset.
Short-wave diathermy in the clinical management of musculoskeletal disorders: a pilot observational study
Authors: Masiero Stefano , Pignataro Andrea , Piran Giovanni , Duso Miriam , Mimche Patrice , Ermani Mario , Del Felice Alessandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMusculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of pain and functional limitation in the general population. The study aim was to evaluate short-wave diathermy (SWD) effects on pain and quality of life in people with musculoskeletal disorders. Eighty participants (31 men, mean age 56 ± 12.49 years) were enrolled, recruiting from outpatient clinics at the Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital, Padova. Inclusion criteria were pain lasting more than 15 days, pain visual analog scale (VAS) score higher than 50/100 mm, and a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, neck/back pain, or tendinopathies. All participants underwent ten sessions of percutaneous SWD, 3 times/week. Each session lasted 15–20 min, with frequencies of 4 or 8 MHz and heat intensity between 40 and 60 W. Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment. Primary outcome was pain reduction, evaluated by short form McGill pain questionnaire, which includes VAS and present pain intensity (PPI). Secondary outcome was improvement in social and work-related activity limitations. Participants were grouped based on classification of pain [nociceptive and neuropathic pain (group A) vs nociceptive only (group B)]. VAS and PPI improved significantly (p < 0.01). No difference in pain reduction (VAS and PPI) emerged between the groups. Limitations due to pain in work-related and non-work-related activities decreased (p < 0.01); use of pain medications was reduced at T1 vs T0 (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that SWD is effective in reducing musculoskeletal pain in the short term, providing relief and improving quality of life.
Frequent physical activity is associated with reduced risk of severe diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes
Authors:   the FinnDiane Study Group, Tikkanen-Dolenc Heidi , Wadén Johan , Forsblom Carol , Harjutsalo Valma , Thorn Lena M. , Saraheimo Markku , Elonen Nina , Hietala Kustaa , Summanen Paula , Tikkanen Heikki O. , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate whether leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is associated with the development of severe diabetic retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes.MethodsProspective observational analysis as part of the Finnish diabetic nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study with a mean follow-up time of 10.7 years was performed. A total of 1612 individuals with type 1 diabetes were recruited, and LTPA was assessed at baseline using a validated self-report questionnaire. Severe diabetic retinopathy was defined as the initiation of laser treatment due to severe nonproliferative, proliferative retinopathy or diabetic maculopathy (identified from the Care Register for Health Care).ResultsA total of 261 patients received laser treatment during the follow-up. Higher frequency of LTPA was associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.024), a finding that remained significant after adjustment for gender, duration, age at onset of diabetes, kidney function, BMI, triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. However, when HbA1cand smoking were added to the Cox regression model the association was no more significant.ConclusionsFrequent LTPA is associated with a lower incidence of severe diabetic retinopathy during the follow-up. The total amount or the other components of LTPA (intensity or duration of a single session) were not associated with severe diabetic retinopathy.
Production and characterisation of activated carbon and carbon nanotubes from potato peel waste and their application in heavy metal removal.
Authors: Osman Ahmed I. , Blewitt Jacob , Abu-Dahrieh Jehad K. , Farrell Charlie , Al-Muhtaseb Ala’a H. , Harrison John , Rooney David W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHerein, activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesised from potato peel waste (PPW). Different ACs were synthesised via two activation steps: firstly, with phosphoric acid (designated PP) and then using potassium hydroxide (designated PK). The AC produced after the two activation steps showed a surface area as high as 833 m2 g−1 with a pore volume of 0.44 cm3 g−1, where the raw material of PPW showed a surface area < 4 m2 g−1. This can help aid and facilitate the concept of the circular economy by effectively up-cycling and valorising waste lignocellulosic biomass such as potato peel waste to high surface area AC and subsequently, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Consequently, MWCNTs were prepared from the produced AC by mixing it with the nitrogen-based material melamine and iron precursor, iron (III) oxalate hexahydrate. This produced hydrophilic multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a water contact angle of θ = 14.97 °. Both AC and CNT materials were used in heavy metal removal (HMR) where the maximum lead absorption was observed for sample PK with a 84% removal capacity after the first hour of testing. This result signifies that the synthesis of these up-cycled materials can have applications in areas such as wastewater treatment or other conventional AC/CNT end uses with a rapid cycle time in a two-fold approach to improve the eco-friendly synthesis of such value-added products and the circular economy from a significant waste stream, i.e., PPW.
Understanding interactions between urban development policies and GHG emissions: A case study in Stockholm Region
Authors: Pan Haozhi , Page Jessica , Zhang Le , Cong Cong , Ferreira Carla , Jonsson Elisie , Näsström Helena , Destouni Georgia , Deal Brian , Kalantari Zahra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHuman-induced urban growth and sprawl have implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that may not be included in conventional GHG accounting methods. Improved understanding of this issue requires use of interactive, spatial-explicit social–ecological systems modeling. This paper develops a comprehensive approach to modeling GHG emissions from urban developments, considering Stockholm County, Sweden as a case study. GHG projections to 2040 with a social–ecological system model yield overall greater emissions than simple extrapolations in official climate action planning. The most pronounced difference in emissions (39% higher) from energy use single-residence buildings resulting from urban sprawl. And this difference is not accounted for in the simple extrapolations. Scenario results indicate that a zoning policy, restricting urban development in certain areas, can mitigate 72% of the total emission effects of the model-projected urban sprawl. The study outcomes include a decision support interface for communicating results and policy implications with policymakers.
Suitability of aluminum material on sugar industry wastewater with chemical and electrochemical treatment processes
Authors: Sahu Omprakash 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAluminum is a valuable material, which can be used for water and wastewater treatment. It exists in metal as well as in salt form. The efficiency of water and wastewater treatment depends upon the technology applied to treat. Sugarcane industry is coming under those industries which have a large amount of freshwater and release large amount of effluent. The goal of this research work is to study the behavior of aluminum metal and salt for the treatment of sugar industry wastewater on chemical oxidation and electrochemical oxidation. The effect of pH, dosing, temperature and catalysis on metal and salt has been also studied with both treatment methods. The results show that maximum 90% of chemical oxygen demand and 94% of color removal can be achieved with an aluminum electrode (electrocoagulation) at optimum conditions, pH 7, current density 178 A/m2, electrode distance 20 mm, and salt solution 0.5 M NaCl. In the same way, 81% chemical oxygen demand and 85% color removal were achieved with alum for the 0.5 M lime solution, at 50 mM mass loading, 21 °C operating temperature and optimum pH of 7, respectively. The sludge generated after treatment was also analyzed with settling filtration, thermal, FTIR and SEM.
A research framework for cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease among diverse US Latinos: Design and implementation of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos—Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA)
Authors: González Hector M. , Tarraf Wassim , Fornage Myriam , González Kevin A. , Chai Albert , Youngblood Marston , de los Angeles Abreu Maria , Zeng Donglin , Thomas Sonia , Talavera Gregory A. , Gallo Linda C. , Kaplan Robert , Daviglus Martha L. , Schneiderman Neil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHispanics/Latinos are the largest ethnic/racial group in the United States and at high risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD). Yet, ADRD among diverse Latinos is poorly understood and disparately understudied or unstudied compared to other ethnic/racial groups that leave the nation ill‐prepared for major demographic shifts that lay ahead in coming decades. The primary purpose of this Perspectives article was to provide a new research framework for advancing Latino ADRD knowledge, encompassing the unique sociocultural, cardiometabolic, and genomic aspects of Latino health, aging, and ADRD. In addition, we describe some of the research challenges to progress in Latino ADRD research. Finally, we present the Study of Latinos – Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) as an example of implementing this new framework for advancing Latino ADRD research.
A Reconsideration of Michelangelo's Unrealised Façade for the Basilica of San Lorenzo in Florence
Authors: Stine Darin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article reconsiders Michelangelo's unrealised façade project for the church of San Lorenzo in Florence. While surviving evidence, particularly the extant wooden model preserved today in the Casa Buonarroti, gives a good indication of the façade's planned appearance, we are still unclear about how Michelangelo intended it to attach to the church. By reassessing surviving graphic and written sources for the commission, the article argues for a reconstruction of Michelangelo's design as a narthex. It draws further support from an analysis of the intended building site on Piazza San Lorenzo, which, due to its restricted space, suggests that only a narthex construction was possible. By envisaging the façade of the church as a narthex, Michelangelo may have intended it to function as a focal point for religious and civic ceremonies that took place in the piazza.
‘A Matter of Practical Emergency’: Herbert Baker, Hope Bagenal, and the Acoustic Legacy of the Assembly Chamber in Imperial Delhi
Authors: Smyth Fiona 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn 1923, at the request of the government of India, the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) in Britain authorised a specialist research stream. Its purpose was to investigate problems in architectural acoustics specifically related to the new Assembly Chamber then under construction in Imperial Delhi. The design, by Sir Herbert Baker, was unusual for its era in that it was refined with recourse to measured data and calculations with a basis in modern physics. The acoustician, or ‘consulting architect’, was Hope Bagenal, and his appointment by Baker in 1922 marked the first international commission of a British acoustic consultant. This article examines the acoustic design of the Assembly Chamber in Delhi and identifies the inputs of the various individuals, both architects and scientists, involved. Drawing on the archives of Baker and Bagenal, the records of the DSIR and the Guastavino Company, as well as contemporaneous newspaper coverage, it also demonstrates the longer-term implications of the design and construction process at Delhi, including its role in stimulating subsequent government-funded research in architectural acoustics in Britain.
Sweet Geometry: Edward Reynolds at the Architectural Association, 1956–58
Authors: Franklin Geraint 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article considers the position of the Anglo-Portuguese architect Edward Reynolds (1926–59) in the British avant-garde of the 1950s. InModern Architecture: A Critical History(1980), Kenneth Frampton suggested that Reynolds's student projects at the Architectural Association in London ‘exerted a decisive influence on the development of Brutalism’. This article scrutinises that claim through the lens of Reynolds's interactions with his peers, including the so-called French House group, an informal network that included his tutors John Killick, James Gowan and Peter Smithson. Notable characteristics of Reynolds's work — chiefly the use of complex and irregular geometries to articulate patterns of activity and movement — are discussed, as are contemporary projects by other members of the group and trends such as the New Brutalism, biomimicry and the revival of pre-war strands of Modernism.
All Roof, No Wall: Peter Boston, A-Frames and the Primitive Hut in Twentieth-Century British Architecture,c.1890–1970
Authors: McKellar Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA very particular type of modern house in Britain — A-frames of the 1950s and 1960s — emerged from a much longer history of British and Scandinavian-German primitivism centred on the cruck-frame. This article focuses on a small number of architect-designed examples and introduces one of the main proponents of the type, Peter Boston (1918–99). The tension between the A-frame's familiarity as a universal dwelling type and its adoption as a signifier of modernity is a central theme. In the British twentieth-century context, the ‘modern’ included a strong vernacular element, and the new A-frames, which formed part of the ‘timber revival’ of the 1950s and 1960s, were informed by a long-standing interest in the history of cruck-framed construction from the Arts and Crafts onwards, which in turn was part of a wider pan-north European building culture.
Candidate radio supernova remnants observed by the GLEAM survey over 345° <l< 60° and 180° <l< 240°
Authors: Hurley-Walker N. , Gaensler B. M. , Leahy D. A. , Filipović M. D. , Hancock P. J. , Franzen T. M. O. , Offringa A. R. , Callingham J. R. , Hindson L. , Wu C. , Bell M. E. , For B.-Q. , Johnston-Hollitt M. , Kapińska A. D. , Morgan J. , Murphy T. , McKinley B. , Procopio P. , Staveley-Smith L. , Wayth R. B. , Zheng Q. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examined the latest data release from the GaLactic and Extragalactic All-sky Murchison Widefield Array (GLEAM) survey covering 345° <l< 60° and 180° <l< 240°, using these data and that of theWidefield Infrared Survey Explorerto follow up proposed candidate Supernova Remnant (SNR) from other sources. Of the 101 candidates proposed in the region, we are able to definitively confirm ten as SNRs, tentatively confirm two as SNRs, and reclassify five as Hiiregions. A further two are detectable in our images but difficult to classify; the remaining 82 are undetectable in these data. We also investigated the 18 unclassified Multi-Array Galactic Plane Imaging Survey (MAGPIS) candidate SNRs, newly confirming three as SNRs, reclassifying two as Hiiregions, and exploring the unusual spectra and morphology of two others.
Access to Information under the Nigerian Freedom of Information Act, 2011: Challenges to Implementation and the Rhetoric of Radical Change
Authors: Nwoke Uchechukwu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInformation is essential for the functioning of modern societies. Access to information denotes the right of citizens to obtain information regarding how they are governed. In 2011, Nigeria enacted the Freedom of Information Act, to ensure openness and transparency in public governance. This article evaluates the extent to which the legislation has strengthened the right of access to information in Nigeria. Through analysis of the provisions of the act and some decided cases, the article argues that challenges, both in the act's provisions and in its enforcement by the courts, have resulted in a “blunted” law that lacks the capacity to satisfy the people's expectations on the right of access to public information. Drawing on the experience of other jurisdictions where similar laws are operative (notably South Africa and India), the article suggests ways through which the implementation of the act could be made more effective.