bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Creep Strength of 9Cr-1Mo-V and 1Cr-1Mo-1/4V Castings and Weldments Using Accelerated Creep Testing
Authors: Laney Scot J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The traditional method to generate creep data requires several long term tests; in some cases upward of 100,000 h. These tests are often time and cost prohibitive to perform. Creep data in literature are limited to commonly available materials in set processing conditions. This speaks very little to the properties for new materials, alternate processing of existing materials, as well as properties for weldments and heat affected zones (HAZ) that occur in the fabrication of large equipment. Due to this, several methods have been developed for accelerated creep testing. The stress relaxation test (SRT) is one such method and is discussed as the means to evaluate two different materials and their weldments used in the manufacturing of steam turbine casings. Cast 9Cr-1Mo-V material from two different foundries as well as their weldments and HAZ were tested at temperatures between 550 °C and 700 °C. The SRT generated data closely match that given in literature. In a nearly identical test program, cast 1Cr1Mo¼V steel showed anomalies in the weld and HAZ behavior. Further investigation showed that the incorrect weld metal was used, and in a second attempt, poor welding practice lead to premature specimen failure due to Type IV cracking. These two case studies illustrate the ability of the SRT method to accurately predict creep properties and its sensitivity to detect variations in properties, which can make it useful for rapid verification of casting suppliers and welding procedures for high temperature applications.
No Influence of Acute Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia on Performance and Blood Lactate Concentration Responses to Repeated Wingates
Authors: Takei Naoya , Kakinoki Katsuyuki , Girard Olivier , Hatta Hideo 
Published: October 2020

Background: Training in hypoxia versus normoxia often induces larger physiological adaptations, while this does not always translate into additional performance benefits. A possible explanation is a reduced oxygen flux, negatively affecting training intensity and/or volume (decreasing training stimulus). Repeated Wingates (RW) in normoxia is an efficient training strategy for improving both physiological parameters and exercise capacity. However, it remains unclear whether the addition of hypoxia has a detrimental effect on RW performance. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that acute moderate hypoxia exposure has no detrimental effect on RW, while both metabolic and perceptual responses would be slightly higher. Methods: On separate days, 7 male university sprinters performed 3 × 30-s Wingate efforts with 4.5-min passive recovery in either hypoxia (FiO2: 0.145) or normoxia (FiO2: 0.209). Arterial oxygen saturation was assessed before the first Wingate effort, while blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion were measured after each bout. Results: Mean (P = .92) and peak (P = .63) power outputs, total work (P = .98), and the percentage decrement score (P = .25) were similar between conditions. Arterial oxygen saturation was significantly lower in hypoxia versus normoxia (92.0% [2.8%] vs 98.1% [0.4%], P < .01), whereas blood lactate concentration (P = .78) and ratings of perceived exertion (P = .51) did not differ between conditions. Conclusion: In sprinters, acute exposure to moderate hypoxia had no detrimental effect on RW performance and associated metabolic and perceptual responses.
Train the Engine or the Brakes? Influence of Momentum on the Change of Direction Deficit
Authors: Fernandes Rebecca , Bishop Chris , Turner Anthony N. , Chavda Shyam , Maloney Sean J. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Currently, it is unclear which physical characteristics may underpin the change of direction deficit (COD-D). This investigation sought to determine if momentum, speed-, and jump-based measures may explain variance in COD-D. Methods: Seventeen males from a professional soccer academy (age, 16.76 [0.75] y; height, 1.80 [0.06] m; body mass, 72.38 [9.57] kg) performed 505 tests on both legs, a 40-m sprint, and single-leg countermovement and drop jumps. Results: The regression analyses did not reveal any significant predictors for COD-D on either leg. “Large” relationships were reported between the COD-D and 505 time on both limbs (r = .65 to .69; P < .01), but COD-D was not associated with linear momentum, speed-, or jump-based performances. When the cohort was median split by COD-D, the effect sizes suggested that the subgroup with the smaller COD-D was 5% faster in the 505 test (d = −1.24; P < .001) but 4% slower over 0–10 m (d = 0.79; P = .33) and carried 11% less momentum (d = −0.81; P = .17). Conclusion: Individual variance in COD-D may not be explained by speed- and jump-based performance measures within academy soccer players. However, when grouping athletes by COD-D, faster athletes with greater momentum are likely to display a larger COD-D. It may, therefore, be prudent to recommend more eccentric-biased or technically focused COD training in such athletes and for coaches to view the COD action as a specific skill that may not be represented by performance time in a COD test.
Risk of hospital admission with coronavirus disease 2019 in healthcare workers and their households: nationwide linkage cohort study
Authors: Shah Anoop S V , Wood Rachael , Gribben Ciara , Caldwell David , Bishop Jennifer , Weir Amanda , Kennedy Sharon , Reid Martin , Smith-Palmer Alison , Goldberg David , McMenamin Jim , Fischbacher Colin , Robertson Chris , Hutchinson Sharon , McKeigue Paul , Colhoun Helen , McAllister David A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the risk of hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) among patient facing and non-patient facing healthcare workers and their household members.DesignNationwide linkage cohort study.SettingScotland, UK, 1 March to 6 June 2020.ParticipantsHealthcare workers aged 18-65 years, their households, and other members of the general population.Main outcome measureAdmission to hospital with covid-19.ResultsThe cohort comprised 158 445 healthcare workers, most of them (90 733; 57.3%) being patient facing, and 229 905 household members. Of all hospital admissions for covid-19 in the working age population (18-65 year olds), 17.2% (360/2097) were in healthcare workers or their households. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic deprivation, and comorbidity, the risk of admission due to covid-19 in non-patient facing healthcare workers and their households was similar to the risk in the general population (hazard ratio 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.52 to 1.26) and 0.86 (0.49 to 1.51), respectively). In models adjusting for the same covariates, however, patient facing healthcare workers, compared with non-patient facing healthcare workers, were at higher risk (hazard ratio 3.30, 2.13 to 5.13), as were household members of patient facing healthcare workers (1.79, 1.10 to 2.91). After sub-division of patient facing healthcare workers into those who worked in “front door,” intensive care, and non-intensive care aerosol generating settings and other, those in front door roles were at higher risk (hazard ratio 2.09, 1.49 to 2.94). For most patient facing healthcare workers and their households, the estimated absolute risk of hospital admission with covid-19 was less than 0.5%, but it was 1% and above in older men with comorbidity.ConclusionsHealthcare workers and their households contributed a sixth of covid-19 cases admitted to hospital. Although the absolute risk of admission was low overall, patient facing healthcare workers and their household members had threefold and twofold increased risks of admission with covid-19.
Use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: nested case-control studies using the QResearch and CPRD databases
Authors: Vinogradova Yana , Coupland Carol , Hippisley-Cox Julia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the risks of breast cancer associated with different types and durations of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Design
Two nested case-control studies.

Setting
UK general practices contributing to QResearch or Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), linked to hospital, mortality, social deprivation, and cancer registry (QResearch only) data.

Participants
98 611 women aged 50-79 with a primary diagnosis of breast cancer between 1998 and 2018, matched by age, general practice, and index date to 457 498 female controls.

Main outcome measures
Breast cancer diagnosis from general practice, mortality, hospital, or cancer registry records. Odds ratios for HRT types, adjusted for personal characteristics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, comorbidities, family history, and other prescribed drugs. Separate results from QResearch or CPRD were combined.

Results

Overall, 33 703 (34%) women with a diagnosis of breast cancer and 134 391 (31%) controls had used HRT prior to one year before the index date. Compared with never use, in recent users (<5 years) with long term use (≥5 years), oestrogen only therapy and combined oestrogen and progestogen therapy were both associated with increased risks of breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.21) and 1.79 (1.73 to 1.85), respectively). For combined progestogens, the increased risk was highest for norethisterone (1.88, 1.79 to 1.99) and lowest for dydrogesterone (1.24, 1.03 to 1.48). Past long term use of oestrogen only therapy and past short term (<5 years) use of oestrogen-progestogen were not associated with increased risk. The risk associated with past long term oestrogen-progestogen use, however, remained increased (1.16, 1.11 to 1.21). In recent oestrogen only users, between three (in younger women) and eight (in older women) extra cases per 10 000 women years would be expected, and in oestrogen-progestogen users between nine and 36 extra cases per 10 000 women years. For past oestrogen-progestogen users, the results would suggest between two and eight extra cases per 10 000 women years.

Conclusion
This study has produced new generalisable estimates of the increased risks of breast cancer associated with use of different hormone replacement preparations in the UK. The levels of risks varied between types of HRT, with higher risks for combined treatments and for longer duration of use.
Risk factors for new-onset diabetes mellitus after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Dai Menghua , Xing Cheng , Shi Ning , Wang Shunda , Wu Guangdong , Liao Quan , Zhang Taiping , Chen Ge , Wu Wenming , Guo Junchao , Liu Ziwen 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionSeveral previous studies have reported the incidence of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) after pancreatectomy. Nevertheless, the results were inconsistent. The true rate of NODM after distal pancreatectomy (DP) is still unknown.Research design and methodsThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and the risk factors for NODM after DP. This study enrolled patients who underwent DP between January 2004 and February 2016 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patients with preoperative diabetes mellitus or diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were excluded. The primary outcome was NODM.ResultsA total of 485 patients were enrolled. The median (IQR) of follow-up duration was 30.95 (9.26–180.30) months. The accumulative incidence of NODM was 8.9% at postoperative 6 months, 14.0% at postoperative year one, 22.3% at year three, 27.1% at year five, and 35.5% at year ten. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of postoperative NODM was positively correlated with age (HR 1.029 (1.013–1.045), p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (BMI) (HR 1.042 (1.003–1.083), p=0.001), operative blood loss (HR 1.0003 (1.0002–1.0010), p<0.001), and length of resected pancreas (HR 1.079 (1.013–1.148), p=0.017). Moreover, concomitant splenectomy (HR 2.001 (1.202–3.331), p=0.008) was associated with significantly higher risk of postoperative NODM.ConclusionNODM incidence increased with postoperative time progression. Age, BMI, surgical blood loss, length of resected pancreas and splenectomy were independent risk factors for NODM after DP.Trial registration numberNCT03030209.
Musculoskeletal complaints in military recruits during their basic training
Authors: Keijsers Noel L W , ter Stal M , Jonkergouw N , Helmhout P H 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionOveruse injuries often start with a musculoskeletal complaint, which can progress over time to an injury. Little or no information is known about the development and severity of overuse injuries in military recruits. This study describes the musculoskeletal complaints in Dutch military recruits during their basic training and examines potential predictive factors for dropout due to injury.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, Dutch military recruits reported complaints of the lower body weekly using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain score chart during their basic training. Number, location and severity of complaints during each of the first 12 weeks of basic training were analysed.ResultsOf the 930 recruits, 61% reported an NRS pain score of 3 or higher and 34% reported an NRS pain score of 5 or higher at least once. Complaints were mostly reported in the foot and ankle region and least reported in the upper leg region. Injury dropouts (11%) showed significantly higher proportions of complaints and higher maximal pain scores throughout most weeks of basic training. The maximal NRS pain score of the first two weeks was the strongest predictor of dropping out due to injury.ConclusionsRecruits who drop out due to injury report more severe complaints throughout basic training. Focusing on musculoskeletal complaints in the first phase of training seems helpful to identify recruits who are at risk of developing an injury.
Cohort profile: a collaborative multicentre study of retinal optical coherence tomography in 539 patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (CROCTINO)
Authors: Specovius Svenja , Zimmermann Hanna G , Oertel Frederike Cosima , Chien Claudia , Bereuter Charlotte , Cook Lawrence J , Lana Peixoto Marco Aurélio , Fontenelle Mariana Andrade , Kim Ho Jin , Hyun Jae-Won , Jung Su-Kyung , Palace Jacqueline , Roca-Fernandez Adriana , Diaz Alejandro Rubio , Leite Maria Isabel , Sharma Srilakshmi M , Ashtari Fereshte , Kafieh Rahele , Dehghani Alireza , Pourazizi Mohsen , Pandit Lekha , Dcunha Anitha , Aktas Orhan , Ringelstein Marius , Albrecht Philipp , May Eugene , Tongco Caryl , Leocani Letizia , Pisa Marco , Radaelli Marta , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H , Stiebel-Kalish Hadas , Hellmann Mark , Lotan Itay , Siritho Sasitorn , de Seze Jérôme , Senger Thomas , Havla Joachim , Marignier Romain , Tilikete Caroline , Cobo Calvo Alvaro , Bichuetti Denis Bernardi , Tavares Ivan Maynart , Asgari Nasrin , Soelberg Kerstin , Altintas Ayse , Yildirim Rengin , Tanriverdi Uygur , Jacob Anu , Huda Saif , Rimler Zoe , Reid Allyson , Mao-Draayer Yang , de Castillo Ibis Soto , Yeaman Michael R , Smith Terry J , Brandt Alexander U , Paul Friedemann 
Published: October 2020

PurposeOptical coherence tomography (OCT) captures retinal damage in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Previous studies investigating OCT in NMOSD have been limited by the rareness and heterogeneity of the disease. The goal of this study was to establish an image repository platform, which will facilitate neuroimaging studies in NMOSD. Here we summarise the profile of the Collaborative OCT in NMOSD repository as the initial effort in establishing this platform. This repository should prove invaluable for studies using OCT to investigate NMOSD.ParticipantsThe current cohort includes data from 539 patients with NMOSD and 114 healthy controls. These were collected at 22 participating centres from North and South America, Asia and Europe. The dataset consists of demographic details, diagnosis, antibody status, clinical disability, visual function, history of optic neuritis and other NMOSD defining attacks, and OCT source data from three different OCT devices.Findings to dateThe cohort informs similar demographic and clinical characteristics as those of previously published NMOSD cohorts. The image repository platform and centre network continue to be available for future prospective neuroimaging studies in NMOSD. For the conduct of the study, we have refined OCT image quality criteria and developed a cross-device intraretinal segmentation pipeline.Future plansWe are pursuing several scientific projects based on the repository, such as analysing retinal layer thickness measurements, in this cohort in an attempt to identify differences between distinct disease phenotypes, demographics and ethnicities. The dataset will be available for further projects to interested, qualified parties, such as those using specialised image analysis or artificial intelligence applications.
Exploring maintenance of physical activity behaviour change among people living with and beyond gastrointestinal cancer: a cross-sectional qualitative study and typology
Authors: Grimmett Chloe , Foster Claire , Bradbury Katherine , Lally Phillippa , May Carl R , Myall Michelle , Pinto Bernardine , Corbett Teresa 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesIn the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of physical activity (PA) promotion programmes and interventions targeting people living with and beyond cancer (LWBC). The impact that these initiatives have on long-term maintenance of PA remains under-researched. This study sought to explore the experiences of participants in order to characterise those who have and have not successfully sustained increases in PA following participation in a PA intervention after a diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, and identify barriers and facilitators of this behaviour.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews with participants who had previously taken part in a PA programme in the UK, explored current and past PA behaviour and factors that promoted or inhibited regular PA participation. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. Themes and subthemes were identified. Differences between individuals were recognised and a typology of PA engagement was developed.ParticipantsTwenty-seven individuals (n=15 male, mean age=66.3 years) with a diagnosis of GI cancer who had participated in one of four interventions designed to encourage PA participation.SettingUK.ResultsSeven themes were identified: disease processes, the role of ageing, emotion and psychological well-being, incorporating PA into everyday life, social interaction, support and self-monitoring and competing demands. A typology with three types describing long-term PA engagement was generated: (1) maintained PA, (2) intermittent PA, (3) low activity. Findings indicate that identifying an enjoyable activity that is appropriate to an individual’s level of physical functioning and is highly valued is key to supporting long-term PA engagement.ConclusionThe typology described here can be used to guide stratified and personalised intervention development and support sustained PA engagement by people LWBC.
Association for combined exposure to job strain, shift work on mental health among Chinese railway workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jiang Yu , Wu Chuancheng , Hu Tianqi , Chen Meilong , Liu Wei , Zhou Yabing , Chen Zhibing , Xu Xin 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of coexposure to job strain and shift work on mental health in railway workers.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingOne Railway Bureau Group in China.ParticipantsA total of 1270 front-line railway workers.Outcome measuresThe Symptom Checklist-90-Revised questionnaire was used to measure general mental health. Job strain variables were derived from the Job Content Questionnaire. Based on the records of the work schedule 3 months prior to the survey, the following three shift types were identified: fixed day, fixed night and rotating night shifts. Risks associated with mental health were assessed by carrying out logistic regression analysis which was adjusted for age, job tenure, smoking and exercise. Additionally, a crossover analysis was employed for the combined effects.ResultsHigh levels of job strain were linked to a higher risk of poor mental health (OR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.11). After adjusting for confounding factors, night shifts and rotating night shifts were significant risk factors for mental health (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.07; OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.73 to 3.22). Compared with participants who experienced a low level of job strain and day shifts, those with a high level of job strain and who worked rotating shifts were at the highest risk of poor mental health (OR=4.68, 95% CI: 2.91 to 8.04), whereas the influence of a low level of job strain and rotating night shifts was not statistically significant.ConclusionJob strain and night shifts among workers were associated, both independently and in combination, with an increased risk of poor mental health. Our data suggest that job strain contributes to the risk of poor mental health by means of a combined effect with shift work.
Periconceptional surveillance for prevention of anaemia and birth defects in Southern India: protocol for a biomarker survey in women of reproductive age
Authors: Finkelstein Julia L , Fothergill Amy , Johnson Christina B , Guetterman Heather M , Bose Beena , Jabbar Shameem , Zhang Mindy , Pfeiffer Christine M , Qi Yan Ping , Rose Charles E , Krisher Jesse T , Ruth Caleb J , Mehta Rajesh , Williams Jennifer L , Bonam Wesley , Crider Krista S 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionWomen of reproductive age (WRA) are a high-risk population for anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence supports the role of periconceptional nutrition in the development of adverse pregnancy complications. However, in India, there are limited population-based data to guide evidence-based recommendations and priority setting. The objective of this study is to conduct a population-based biomarker survey of anaemia and vitamin B12and folate status in WRA as part of a periconceptional surveillance programme in Southern India.MethodsWRA (15–40 years) who are not pregnant or lactating and reside within 50 km2of our community research site in Southern India will be screened and invited to participate in the biomarker survey at our research facility at Arogyavaram Medical Centre. After informed consent/assent, structured interviews will be conducted by trained nurse enumerators to collect sociodemographic, dietary, anthropometry, health and reproductive history data. Venous blood samples will be collected at enrolment; whole blood will be analysed for haemoglobin. Plasma, serum and red blood cells (RBCs) will be processed and stored <−80°C until batch analysis. Vitamin B12concentrations will be measured via chemiluminescence, and RBC and serum folate concentrations will be evaluated using the World Health Organisation (WHO)-recommended microbiological assay at our laboratory in Bangalore. A WHO surveillance system will also be established to determine the baseline prevalence of birth defects in this setting.Ethics and disseminationThis study has obtained clearance from the Health Ministry Screening Committee of the Indian Council of Medical Research. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Cornell University and the Institutional Ethics Committees at Arogyavaram Medical Centre and St. John’s Research Institute. Findings from this biomarker survey will establish the burden of anaemia and micronutrient deficiencies in WRA and directly inform a randomised trial for anaemia and birth defects prevention in Southern India. The results of this study will be disseminated at international research conferences and as published articles in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numbersClinical trials registration numberNCT04048330,NCT03853304and Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) registration number REF/2019/03/024479.