bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Anthropometric Indicators of 2 to 6 Years Old Kindergarten and Preschool Children in Isfahan City in 2017
Authors: ZARRIN KAFSH Majid , HALVANI Gholam Hossein , FALLAH Hossein , ASGARI Mahsa 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Creation of anthropometric database in any age group is one of the most important issues in designing and manufacturing of used equipment. The aim of this study was to determine the anthropometric characteristics of nurses of kindergartens and preschools in Isfahan in the age range of 2 to 6 years and to create an information reference.Materials and Methods: In this applied study, 700 healthy male and female boys were selected randomly from cluster sampling from nursery schoolchildren and preschools in Isfahan city. 36 anthropometric measurements of them were cross-sectional in the academic year 1396 to 1397. And indicators and statistical percentiles (5.50 and 95) were extracted.Results: Statistical indexes and percentiles were presented as an anthropometric database in 5 age groups and in two sex groups. Age and sex were influenced by most anthropometric variables and significant difference (P <0.05). .Conclusion: The age and sex are two factors affecting anthropometric variables. Therefore, it is necessary to use the anterpometric database of the same age group and gender in the design of the equipment.
Isolation, Characterisation and In Silico Toxicity Evaluations of Thiocarbamates, Isothiocyanates, Nitrile, Glucosinolate and Lipids from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seed
Authors: ATOLANİ Atolani , O.E Olorundare , PRİYANKA Banerjee , O Osin , R Preissner , A.A Njan 
Published: December 2019

The phytochemical
composition of medicinal plants is responsible for the ethnopharmacological
applications. These phytochemicals vary in plants of same species planted in
various geographical locations. The seed of Moringa
oleifera Lam., a widely consumed multi-medicinal
plant was examined for the bioactive phytochemicals. With the aid of Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR/13C-NMR) spectrometer, Electrospray
Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
spectroscopy, the phytochemical investigation of the seed of M. oleifera
afforded nine compounds which included niazimicin 1, niazidin 2, glucomoringin
isothiocyanate 3, niazinin acetate
4, niazinin triacetate 5, niazirinin 6, glucotropaeolin 7, triolein 8, trivaccenin 9. The
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of a major oily fraction
revealed the presence of additional ten compounds which include oleic acid
(major), 13-docosenoic acid, stearic acid, p-hydroxybenzyl cyanide, α
-l-rhamnopyranose and other fatty acids/esters.
This is the first account of a
fully acetylated niazinin (a 4-(2’,3',4’-O-triacetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl
isothiocyanate) 5 from Moringa oleifera seed. The in
silico toxicity evaluation indicated that most of the isolated compounds are
either immunotoxic, carcinogenic or mutagenic. The result thus obtained could
serve a basis for the pharmacological and toxicological evaluation and
profiling of the seed. The result further implied the need for dosage
regulation of the consumption of the seed.
Prevalence and Determinants of Substance Abuse Among Slum Dwellers in Islamabad- Pakistan
Authors: Faiza Bashir , Mehmood Hassan , Naz Sumera , Naz Saima 
Published: December 2019

Background: The slums are illegal settlements and are always left out in health surveys. However, studies around the world show that substance or drug abuse is higher among slum dwellers and may have different patterns and determinants which need to be studied in order to frame targeted programs and policies. The present study was aimed at estimating the magnitude as well as determinants of substance/drug abuse among slum dwellers in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan.
Methodology: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of slums/nomadic settlements of Islamabad. A total of 207 statistically calculated sample size comprised of adults from both genders aged 15 years and above, consenting to participate from the randomly selected 9 clusters in Islamabad was needed for the study. From each cluster, 23 households, and from each household one individual was randomly selected for estimating the prevalence. All those who were abusing substances were counted as cases and others as controls for case-control analysis. A structured questionnaire was used to gather information on demographics, trends, types of substances abused, risk factors for getting engaged in substance abuse, whether they had tried to quit at any stage and what difficulties they faced when trying to quit. Results were entered and analyzed using Epi-info version 7.2.
Results: A total of 204 participants were enrolled in this study. Among these 68 (33%) were substance or drug abusers. For the case-control study, substance/drug users were considered as cases 68 and rest as controls. Bivariate analysis of the risk factors indicated that easy of availability of drugs in slum areas (OR: 20.3, p= 0.000); exposure to tobacco smoking (OR: 8.8, p= 0.000); and being a working child (OR: 6.0, p= 0.000) were the strong predictors of high substance abuse. Education (OR: 0.2, p= 0.000) and living with own parents during childhood (OR: 0.7 p= 0.2) had protective effects against substance abuse.
Conclusion and Implications for Translation: The study concludes that the following were the determinants of substance/drug abuse among the slum dwellers in the study: easy availability due to unregulated sales of drugs, high rate of tobacco consumption, poverty, low level of literacy, and being a working-child. Specific policies and plans focused on law enforcement for curbing the illegal drug sales and reduction of child labor along with the provision of education should be devised and implemented to help these neglected communities and modify the determinants.
Key words: • Substance abuse • Drug abuse • Slum dwellers • Case-control • Islamabad • Pakistan

Copyright © 2019 Faiza et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Gambaran kapasitas fisik atlet Papua: Kajian menuju PON XX Papua
Authors: Putra Miftah Fariz Prima , Ita Saharuddin 
Published: December 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap (1) bagaimana kondisi fisik atlet Papua, (2) apakah ada hubungan antara IMT, kecepatan, dan kekuatan dengan VO2max, (3) apakah ada perbedaan kemampuan fisik atlet Papua antara cabor atletik, bola voli dan tarung derajat. Metode deskriptif dengan desain ex post facto akan digunakan dalam studi tersebut. Sebanyak 132 atlet Papua (92 laki-laki dan 40 perempuan) cabor atletik, bola voli dan tarung derajat akan dijadikan sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa (1) kondisi IMT atlet Papua rata-rata berkriteria normal, pada aspek kekuatan rata-rata berkriteria sangat kurang untuk atlet laki-laki dan kurang untuk perempuan, pada aspek kecepatan dan vo2max rata-rata dalam kondisi sangat kurang, (2) terdapat hubungan antara IMT dan kekuatan dengan VO2max, sedangkan dengan kekuatan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan, (3) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada IMT, kecepatan dan VO2max atlet antara cabor atletik, bola voli dan tarung derajat. Untuk kondisi fisik kekuatan tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan.
Hubungan prestasi belajar siswa kelas khusus olahraga dengan kecerdasan emosional
Authors: Ardian Andy , Purwanto Sugeng , Alfarisi Deden Saepul 
Published: December 2019

Kelas khusus olahraga adalah kelas yang dikuhuskan untuk mengembangkan prestasi olahraga tanpa mengesampingkan prestasi belajar. Prestasi belajar merupakan pencapaian hasil dari pembelajaran yang telah dilalui. Namun sampai saat ini belum adanya hasil penelitian yang mengungkapkan mengenai faktor yang mendorong prestasi belajar siswa khususnya kelas olahraga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional terhadap prestasi belajar siswa kelas khusus olahraga. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif korelasi. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 40 siswa kelas khusus olaharga di SMAN 1 Ciparay. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket serta dokumentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini dihitung dengan bantuan microsoft excel 2007. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya pengarauh dan hubungan positif yang signifikan antara kecerdasan emosional terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas khusus olaharaga. The relationship of learning achievement special students with emotional intelligence AbstractSpecial sports class classes are classes that are taught to develop sporting achievements without compromising learning achievement. Learning achievement is the result of learning that has been passed. Until now there has been no research results that reveal about the factors that drive learning achievement specially for sport class. The purpose of this study was to study whether there is a relationship between emotional intelligence on student achievement in sports class. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive research. The sample in this study was 40 students of special sports class at SMAN 1 Ciparay. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. Analysis of the data in this study was calculated with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence and positive relationship between emotional intelligence on learning outcomes of students in special sports classes.
INTERCULTURAL FRIENDSHIP AS STRATEGY TO REDUCE ANXIETY AND UNCERTAINTY OF ZIMBABWE STUDENTS IN MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Khatimah Khusnul , Kusuma Rina Sari 
Published: December 2019

Friendship is a relationship between voluntarily wounded individuals. Friendships have a responsibility to be emotionally supportive, actively provide assistance, maintain confidence, and support each other. Benefit in friendship usually include skills in activity, emotional support and help. Intercultural friendship is a more specific and more complex phenomenon that has its own characteristics in terms of relationships. The meeting between two different cultures in building a relationship of intercultural friendship. Establish intercultural friendship relationships with local people by immigrants as a form of adaptation to the new environment. Immigrants are individuals who move from one region to another in a country influenced by push factors and pull factors such as economic, environmental, and educational factors. Immigrants can experience several conditions when they are in a new environment such as feelings of anxiety and uncertainty to interact with the surrounding environment. This study aims to find out how the relationship of intercultural friendship can reduce the level of anxiety and uncertainty of Zimbabwean students at the Muhammadiyah Surakarta University. The research method used qualitative method by using population from foreign students at Muhammadiyah Surakarta University and purposive sampling technique that is sampling based on student's country of origin Zimbabwe. Data collection by interview and documentation, for analysis using qualitative content analysis. Credibility and validity use inter-code reliability and triangulation of data sources and theories.Keywords : Adaptation, Migration , Anxiety, Uncertainty, Intercultural, Friendship.
Mitä ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalveluilla tarkoitetaan
Authors: Aholainen Mari Paula Susanna 
Published: December 2019

Ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalvelut ymmärretään usein konkreettisten toimintojen ja niitä perustelevien hyvinvointivaikutusten näkökulmasta. Ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalveluiden merkitykset muodostuvat kuitenkin laajemmista yhteiskunnallisista rakenteista ja tekijöistä. Tämä tutkimus yhdistää kulttuuripolitiikan kulttuurigerontologiaan. Hyvinvointiperusteinen kulttuuripolitiikka sekä ikääntyneiden yksilöllisiä kulttuurisia valintoja esiin tuova kulttuurigerontologia tuottavat merkityksiä ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalveluille, (uuden) markkinoita huomiovan julkisjohtamisen kontekstissa. Tässä artikkelissa tutkitaan Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriön sekä Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriön kahdeksastatoista asiakirjasta vuosilta 2010-2017, kuinka ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalveluita kuvaava käsitteistö jäsentyy niitä kuvaaviksi merkityksiksi. Merkityksiä luokitellaan ominaispiirteiden ja käyttöalueiden avulla. Analyysin tuloksena ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalvelut muodostavat neljä käyttöaluetta: rakenteellisuuteen ja suunnitelmallisuuteen pyrkivä käyttöalue, ihmis- ja asiakaskeskeinen käyttöalue, asiantuntijuuden käyttöalue sekä yhteiskunnallinen käyttöalue. Tulokset esittävät tutkimuskohteen moniulotteisuuden: ikääntyneiden kulttuuripalveluiden muotoutumisen taustalla vaikuttavat arvopohja, terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin edistäminen, taiteilijoiden työllisyystilanne ja käsitykset ammattilaisuudesta sekä pyrkimys pysyvyyteen ja yhteistyörakenteisiin. Yhteistyörakenteet muuntavat taiteen asemaa ja kieltä hoidon kontekstissa, joka aiheuttaa osaltaan kriittistä keskustelua taiteen ja hyvinvoinnin yhteyksistä.
Analisis Permintaan Pendidikan Tinggi Pada Anak di Kecamatan Kamang Baru Kabupaten Sijunjung
Authors: Rahim Febria 
Published: December 2019

This research aims to analyze (1) Effect of Education Costs on Higher Education Demand for Children in Kamang Baru Sub-district, (2) Effect of Parental Education Level on Higher Education Demand for Children in Sub-Districts Kamang Baru, (3) The influence of the desire to work in the modern sector of the demand for higher education in children in the Kamang Baru sub-district, (4) the influence of the desire to obtain high income towards the demand for higher education in children in the Kamang Baru sub-district, (5) the influence of the social status of the community on demand for higher education in children in the district of Kamang Baru. The study population of this research is families with children who had graduated from high school in Kamang Baru sub-district. The sampling technique is multistage random sampling with a total sample of 92. Data analysis techniques using multiple regression analysis with the significance test of the t test and F. The results showed that (1) Education costs had a significant negative effect on the demand for higher education in children. (2) The level of parental education has a significant effect on the demand for higher education in children ( 3) The desire to work in the modren sector significantly influences the demand for higher education in children, (4) The desire to obtain high income has a significant effect on the demand for higher education in children (5) Public social status significantly influence the p Higher education demand for children.
SUGGESTION ACTS PERFORMED BY ENGLISH INSTRUCTORS OF CONVERSATION CLASS IN LANGUAGE CENTRE OF ANDALAS UNIVERSITY
Authors: Maldin Siska Amelia 
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to analyze analyzes suggestion acts that were spoken by English instructors in conversation classes at the Andalas University Language Center. The purposes purposes of this study are are to identify and explain explain the types of speech acts, taxonomies, modifications, and reasons of the instructor expressing the speech. This study is descriptive study which data are taken from two conversation class instructors in language centre of Andalas University This study is descriptive study which data are taken from two conversation class instructors in language centre of Andalas University. The data are in the form of transcriptions, research notes, and interviews. The data are in the form of transcription, research notes, and interviews. The data are in the form of The data are in the form of transcription, research notes,, and interviews. The instruments used are observation sheets, audio recordings,, and interview guidelines. The findings indicate indicate that the two instructors expressed different suggestions at each meeting. The highest intensity of appearance of suggestion acts is is seen in the first meeting of the first instructor and the third meeting of the second instructor. Furthermore, the two instructors also express express the same type of taxonomy/suggestion acts as conventionalized forms. Then, a similar fact is is found from the modified aspect, namely subjectivizer. The reasons reason why the instructor expresses suggestions are are influenced by social distance, power,, and imposition. Based on these findings, it is is implied that the suggestion actions action taken by the instructors instructors are are influenced by the culture of the community and the class context.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY AND MOTIVATION USING COOPERATIVE AND COLLABORATIVE LEARNING IN TEACHING WRITING TO ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITAS PAMULANG
Authors: Sariasih Wiwit - 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to increase students' writing ability and motivation using cooperative and collaborative learning. It was aimed to reveal; 1) To what extent cooperative and collaborative learning can improve students’ writing ability? 2) How is students’ motivation in writing lesson after implementing the cooperative and collaborative learning? 3) What are factors that influence the improvement of ability and motivation of students in writing? The research was conducted using classroom action research design and the data were divided into qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were taken from observation, questionnaire and interview while quantitative data were taken from writing assignment and test. Thus, it was found that students’ writing ability and motivation was increased after using cooperative and collaborative learning. The factors that influenced the improvement were classroom activities, classroom management and lecturer’s strategy in teaching. Keywords: Cooperative and Collaborative Learning, Motivation and Writing
ANALISIS KESALAHAN BERBAHASA PADA PENULISAN MEDIA LUAR RUANG DI PANYABUNGAN
Authors: Sari Hasibuan Nikmah 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan berbahasa pada penulisan media luar ruang di Panyabungan dan memperbaiki kesalahan berbahasa tersebut sesuai dengan kaidah bahasa Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yaitu mendeskripsikan tulisan-tulisan pada media luar ruang kemudian dianalisis kesalahan penulisannya dan memperbaiki tulisan tersebut. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah media luar ruang di Panyabungan Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan hanya berdasarkan fakta sebagaimana yang ada dilapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari hasil analisis data-data media luar ruang di Panyabungan dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih banyak kesalahan-kesalahan penulisan yang terdapat pada media luar ruang tersebut. Bentuk-bentuk kesalahan tersebut berupa diksi/pilihan kata yang kurang tepat, semantik/pemaknaan kata yang tidak pada tempatnya ejaan yang salah seperti tanda baca, pemakaian huruf kapital, penulisan singkatan, garis miring dan lain-lain, dan masih banyak kesalahan yang ditemukan dilapangan.
Meat Texture Profile and Cutting Strength Analyses of Pork Depending on Breed and Age
Authors: Migdał Władysław , Różycki Marian , Mucha Aurelia , Tyra Mirosław , Natonek-Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Walczycka Maria , Kulawik Piotr , Węsierska Ewelina , Zając Marzena , Tkaczewska Joanna , Migdał Łukasz , Krępa-Stefanik Katarzyna 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The chemical composition and culinary meat tenderness belong to the most important characteristics determining meat quality and value. The aim of this work was to compare texture profiles and shear force of pork loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and of pork ham (m. semimembranosus) from fatteners of Polish Landrace (PL), Polish Large White (PLW), Duroc, Pietrain and Puławska pig breeds slaughtered at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 d of breeding. Meat was roasted at 180°C to inner temperature of 78°C. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content in loin was growing with fattener age (from 1.17% at 60 d to 1.84% at 180 d of life). Between breeds IMF ranged from 0.82% in PLW to 2.29% in Puławska breed. The shear force for loin muscle ranged from 3.42 kG/cm2 at 60 d to 6.54 kG/cm2 at 210 d of life while for and ham muscle 4.4 kG/cm2 at 60 d to 6.78 kG/cm2 at 210 d of life. The hardness (TPA) ranged from 72.29 N at 90 d of life to 109.46 N at 210 d of life. The shear force of loin and ham meat was increasing with age of fatteners and some texture parameters – hardness and chewiness. Nevertheless it seems that the age of 150 days is the time when meat of fatteners is characterized by the highest technological properties. However, the final decision regarding slaughter age should be made taking into account the technological destination of the carcasses. No significant interactions between the animal breed and their age were found for the parameters analysed.
The Nativeness of Breton Speakers and Their Erasure
Authors: Jouitteau Mélanie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
I discuss the nativeness of heritage speakers of Breton in the twentieth century. I present a syntactic test designed for Breton that sets apart its native speakers from its late learners, for whom Breton is a second language. Nativeness is revealed by a better tolerance to syntactic overload when sufficient linguistic stress is applied. Both heritage speakers of inherited Breton and early bilinguals whose linguistic input comes exclusively from school answer this test alike, which I take as a sign they are cognitively natives. The syntactic nativeness of children deprived of familial Breton input suggests there is many more young Breton natives among contemporary speakers than previously assumed. Taking stock of these results, I discuss the cultural erasure of Breton native speakers. I compare their cultural treatment with the figure of the ghost. I end by a discussion of the term new speaker.
Describing Serbian Hospital Activity Using Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups: A Case Study in Vojvodina Province
Authors: Medarevic Aleksandar P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
AR-DRG system for classification hospital episodes was implemented in Serbia to improve efficiency and transparency in the health system.

Methods
L3H3, IQR, and 10th–95th percentile methods were used to identify outlier episodes in the classification. Classification efficiency and within-group homogeneity were measured by an adjusted reduction in variance (R2) and a coefficient of variation (CV).

Results
There were 246,131 hospital episodes with a total 1,651,913 bed days from 14 hospitals. All episodes were classified into 652 groups of which 441 had CV lower than 100%. “Medical groups” accounted for 51% of groups and for 72% of episodes. Chemotherapy and vaginal delivery were the highest volume groups, with 5% and 4% of total episodes. Major diagnostic category 6 (MDC 6, Diseases of the digestive system) was the highest volume MDC, accounting for 11% of episodes. “Day-cases” and “prolonged hospitalisation” accounted for 21% and 3% of episodes, respectively. The average length of stay varied from 5.6 to 8.2 days. Adjusted R2 was 0.3 for untrimmed data. Trimming by L3H3, IQR, and 10th–95th percentile method improved the value of adjusted R2 to 0.61, 0.49, and 0.51, identifying 24%, 7%, and 7% of total cases as outliers, respectively. Mental diseases (MDC 19) remained the lowest adjusted R2 in untrimmed and trimmed datasets.

Conclusion
A long length of stay and a small percentage of “day-cases” characterized hospital activity in Vojvodina. Trimming methods significantly improved DRG efficiency. Future studies should consider cost data.