bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural evolution of plasma sprayed amorphous Li4Ti5O12 electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte during electrochemical cycle of quasi-solid-state lithium battery
Authors: Wu Xi , Liang Xinghua , Zhang XiaoFeng , Lan Lingxiao , Li Suo , Gai Qixin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Solid-state batteries are one of the effective way to solve the safety of traditional power and energy storage batteries with flammable liquid electrolyte. This time, a quasi-solid-state lithium battery is assembled by plasma sprayed amorphous Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte with a little liquid electrolyte (10 μl/cm 2 ) to provide the outstanding electrochemical stability and better than normal interface contact. SEM, STEM, TEM and EDS were used to analyze the structure evolution and performance of plasma sprayed amorphous LTO electrode and ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte before and after electrochemical experiments. By comparing the electrochemical performance of the amorphous LTO electrode and the traditional LTO electrode, the electrochemical behavior of different electrodes is studied. The results show that plasma spraying can prepare an amorphous Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrode coating of about 8 μm. After 200 electrochemical cycles, the structure of the electrode evolved, and the inside of the electrode fractured and cracks expanded, because of recrystallization at the interface between the rich fluorine compounds and the amorphous LTO electrode. Similarly, the ceramic/polymer composite electrolyte has undergone structural evolution after 200 cycles test. The electrochemical cycle results show that the cycle stability, capacity retention rate, coulomb efficiency, and internal impedance of amorphous LTO electrodes are better than traditional LTO electrode. This innovative and facile quasi-solid-state strategy is aimed to promote the intrinsic safety and stability of working lithium battery, shedding light on the development of next-generation high-performance solid-state lithium batteries.
The Influence of the Polymorphism and Dispersity of Titanium Dioxide on the Solubility in Acid and Alkaline Media.
Authors: Школьников Е.В. 
Published: September 2020

Дана термодинамическая характеристика истинной растворимости при 25 °С аморфной и кристаллических наноразмерных модификаций TiO2 в зависимости от рН водной среды в интервале 0–14,7 с учетом образования гидроксокомплексов Ti(1V) и дисперсности твердой фазы. Средний эффективный радиус твердых частиц (r ? 25 нм для TiO2) следует учитывать в качестве термодинамического параметра при определении растворимости диоксида титана в наносостоянии.

Растворимость модификаций TiО2 в водных слабокислых и слабощелочных средах при отсутствии фторид?ионов весьма низкая (10?9?10?5 моль/л) и определяется прочными нейтральными комплексами Ti(ОН)4, преобладающими при рН 3?10. Растворимость в водных средах заметно зависит от структуры кристаллов (рутил < брукит < анатаз), существенно возрастает с уменьшением размера частиц кристаллических нанопорошков и сильно (примерно на 3 порядка) при переходе от стабильного кристаллического рутила ??TiO2 (r >100 нм) к аморфной модификации.

В сильнокислой среде (1 М HClO4) растворимость модификаций диоксида TiО2 на 4?5 порядков выше, чем в воде и определяется в основном комплексом Тi(OH)22+. В сильнощелочной среде (1 М NaOH) растворимость на 2?3 порядка выше, чем в воде и определяется комплексом Ti(ОН)5?.
The thermodynamic characteristic of true solubility at 25 °C for amorphous and crystalline nanosized modifications of TiO2, depending on the pH of an aqueous medium in the range of 0–14.7 and allowing for the formation of Ti(IV) hydroxo complexes and the dispersity of the solid phase, was presented. The average effective radius of solid particles (r ? 25 nm for TiO2) must be considered as a thermodynamic parameter when determining the solubility of titanium dioxide in the nanostate.

The solubility of polymorphic TiO2 modifications in aqueous weakly acid and weakly basic media with no fluoride ions is rather low (10?9–10?5 mol/L) and is determined by the strongly neutral Ti(OH)4 complexes that predominate at pH 3–10. Solubility in aqueous media depends substantially on the structure of the crystals (rutile < brookite < anatase), grows considerably as the particle size of crystalline nanopowders shrinks, and becomes stronger (by approximately three orders of magnitude) upon moving from stable crystalline rutile ?-TiO2 (r > 100 nm) to the amorphous modification.

In a strongly acid medium(1M HClO4), the solubility of dioxide TiO2 modifications is 4–5 orders of magnitude higher than in water and is determined mainly by the Ti(OH)22+ complex. In a strongly alkaline medium (1M NaOH), the solubility is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than in water, and is determined by the Ti(OH)5? complex.
An Updated Review of Secondary Metabolites from Marine Fungi
Authors: Shabana Syed , Lakshmi K. Rajya , Satya A. Krishna 
Published: September 2020

:Marine fungi are valuable and richest sources of novel natural products for medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. Nutrient depletion, competition or any other type of metabolic stress which limits marine fungal growth promotes the formation and secretion of secondary metabolites. Generally secondary metabolites can be produced by many different metabolic pathways and include antibiotics, cytotoxic and cyto-stimulatory compounds. Marine fungi produce many different types of secondary metabolites that are of commercial importance. This review paper deals with around 187 novel compounds and 212 other known compounds with anticancer and antibacterial activities with a special focus on the period from 2011-2019. Furthermore, this review highlights the sources of organisms, chemical classes and biological activities (anticancer and antibacterial) of metabolites, that were isolated and structurally elucidated from marine fungi to throw a helping hand for novel drug development.
Monoclonal Antibodies, Bispecific Antibodies and Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Oncohematology
Authors: Mihăilă Romeo G. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The therapeutic outcomes and the prognosis of patients with various hematologic
malignancies are not always ideal with the current standard of care.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to analyze the results of the use of monoclonal antibodies, bispecific
antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates for the therapy of malignant hemopathies.

Methods:
A mini-review was achieved using the articles published in Web of Science and PubMed
between January 2017 and January 2020 and the new patents were made in this field.

Results:
Naked monoclonal antibodies have improved the therapeutic results obtained with standard
of care, but they also have side effects and the use of some of them can lead to the loss of the
target antigen through trogocytosis, which explains the resistance that occurs during therapy. The
results obtained with naked monoclonal antibodies have been improved by a better monoclonal
antibody preparation, the use of bispecific antibodies (against two antigens on the target cell surface
or by binding both surface antigen on target cells and T-cell receptor complex, followed by cytotoxic
T-lymphocytes activation and subsequent cytolysis of the target cell), the use of monoclonal
or bispecific constructs in frontline regimens, combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, including
through the use of antibody-drug conjugates (which provides a targeted release of a chemotherapeutic
agent).

Conclusion:
Immunotherapy and immuno-chemotherapy have improved the outcome of the patients
with malignant hemopathies through a targeted, personalized therapy, with reduced systemic
toxicity, which in some cases can even induce deep complete remissions, including minimal residual
disease negativity.
Helicobacter Pylori Interacts with Serum Vitamin D to Influence Hypertension
Authors: Salem-Sokhn Elie , Salami Ali , Fawaz Mirna , Eid Ali H. , El Shamieh Said 
Published: September 2020

Background and objective:
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease where numerous
constitutive, genetic, and environmental factors interplay. Among the constitutive factors, age is a
major determent continuously reported to be associated with a significant increase in the prevalence
of hypertension. In addition to age, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was also shown
to be associated. On the other hand, Vitamin D (Vit D) plays an important role in the development
of hypertension. In the current study, it was investigated whether H. pylori interacts with Vit D levels
to influence hypertension.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on seven hundred and eighty-two “a priori”
healthy individuals equally divided according to hypertension status. To study the association between
Vit D, H. pylori, and hypertension, a multivariate logistic regression model was used while
correcting for different confounding factors. Power analysis was also performed

Results:
Approximately half of the participants were hypertensive and had Vit D insufficiency and
they were also matched for age. Using a multiple logistic regression model, the results showed an
inversely proportionate association between H. pylori infection and the risk of hypertension
(OR=0.38, P<0.001). On the other hand, a proportionate association between Vit D deficiency and
hypertension was observed (OR=2.76, P=0.004). Furthermore, Vit D and H. pylori status interacted
to affect the risk of hypertension (OR=0.97, P=0.004). Stratification, according to Vit D status,
showed that 59.1% of Vit D deficient participants were infected with H. pylori organisms
(P<0.001). When taking hypertension, Vit D, and H. pylori statuses into account, it was found that
the prevalence of hypertension was doubled when the participants were negative for H. pylori infection
but had Vit D deficiency (P<0.001).

Conclusion:
H. pylori infection and Vit D deficiency could predict hypertension. The odds of hypertension
development were double when the participants were negative for H. pylori infection
and had vitamin D deficiency.
Emergence of Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Escherichia coli in Infants: Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Thattil Santhosh J. , Ajith Thekkuttuparambil A. 
Published: September 2020

Aim:
This study was aimed to evaluate the emergence of third generation cephalosporin
resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the culture of various biological fluids of infants in a tertiary
care hospital.

Background:
Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is consistently increasing during the last decades
and it was found varying with time and geographical location.

Objectives:
To determine the prevalence of third generation cephalosporin sensitivity pattern of E.
coli isolated from urine, stool, and throat swab culture from laboratory records.

Methods:
The retrospective study included the laboratory report of antibiotic sensitivity conducted
on infants specimens during the period of 2 years. Third generation cephalosporin sensitivity patterns
of E. coli isolated from urine, stool, and throat swab culture were collected and data were statistically
analyzed.

Results:
Reports of 351 samples with positive E. coli were included in the study. More samples
were analyzed from infants above 6 months of age with female dominance (184/351). Among the
specimens tested, urine samples were highest 128/351 (35.0%). Cephalosporin resistant strain was
found in 243/351 samples (69.2%) (p=0.0463) with 218/243 (89.7%) isolated from infants above 6
months of age and 25/243 (10.2%) were from infants below 6 months of age (p=0.038). The frequency
of cephalosporin resistant E. coli in urine specimens of male and female infants was significant
(p=0.0001).

Conclusion:
Third generation cephalosporin resistant E. coli strain was found in 69.2% of isolates
and more in urine samples from female infants above 6 months of age. The clinicians should consider
the emergence of cephalosporin resistant E. coli while selecting antibiotics as empirical treatment.
Effects of Siam Weed (Chromolaena odorata) Leaf Extract on Crude Oil-induced Toxicity
Authors: Achuba Fidelis Ifeakachuku , Offor Charles 
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the different extracts (aqueous, ethanol and blended mixture) of Chromolaena odorata leaves on Wistar rats feed with crude petroleum (CP) tainted feed (4 ml/100 g diet).
Materials and methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats weighing 140 -180 g were used for this study. The rats were kept one in a cage. Group A which was the control was allowed diet free of crude oil and were not treated with any of the extracts. Group B were exposed to a diet contaminated with crude oil that contained 4ml of crude oil per 100 gram of animal feed without treatment. Groups C-E were fed with diets contaminated with 4ml of crude oil per 100g of feed and treated with 500mg/Kg-1 bodyweight of aqueous, ethanol and blended mixture of ethanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. The respective extracts and blended mixture were given daily to the rats via oral gavage in line with body weights. The study was for duration of twenty eight days after which the rats were sacrificed under sedation with chloroform. This was followed with collection of blood samples and organs of interest. All samples were stored at 40C and used within forty eight hour for various biochemical analyses.
Results: There were significant decrease in haematological indices, liver proteins, oxidative enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes when compare with Group 1. Also, liver function maker enzymes, white blood cells (WBC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased by petroleum intoxication. Significant increase were observed in Hb, PCV, RBC, SO, MO, XO, SOD, CAT, albumin, total protein in the serum, liver and kidney; as against decreases in WBC, AST, ALT, ALP and MDA in rats fed crude petroleum (CP) tainted feed that was treated with C. odorata extract.
Conclusion: This study showed that administration of C. odorata leaves extracts to rats prevented health risk associated with crude petroleum toxicity.
Abdominal Ascariasis: Where to Focus on Imaging Studies
Authors: Suhail Jan , Shah Omair , Shah Obaid , Sarfaraz Jan , Mohuiddin Irshad 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To assess the various presentations of abdominal ascariasis and their imaging features for developing a comprehensive radiological evaluation protocol.
Methods: Demographic and clinical profile of 84 patients with abdominal ascariasis was noted. Patients were divided into 2 groups with age less than 20 comprising Group A and those with age greater than 20 Group B. All the patients had a routine lab workup and a dedicated USG scan to look for objective evidence of intestinal or hepatobiliary ascariasis. Any history of previous intervention (cholecystectomy or ERCP) was also sought.
Results: Abdominal ascariasis is more common in females observed in 62% of our patients. Peripheral eosinophilia was observed in 70 (83%) patients. We had 74 (88%) patients with intestinal ascariasis with 2 patients having appendicular ascariasis. Biliary ascariasis was observed in 20 (24%) patients and pancreatic ductal ascariasis in 6 (7%) patients. We found peritoneal ascariasis in 1 (2%) pediatric patient and 2 (3%) patients in our study had ascariasis associated with the liver abscess. OCH was observed in 4 patients while 2 patients presented with worm cholecystitis.
Conclusion: Peripheral eosinophilia can be used to select patients in endemic regions for undergoing a dedicated USG scan. USG is the investigation of choice for both intestinal and hepatobiliary ascariasis. Worm migration is more common in adults and is especially prevalent in individuals with previous history of ERCP or cholecystectomy.
Role of Diffusion-Weighted and Chemical Shift Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Spinal Fractures
Authors: Sheikh Waseem Ahmed , Shaheen Feroze A , Lone Nasir Ahmad , Chhiber Srabjit S , Makhdoomi Rumana Hamid 
Published: September 2020

Atraumatic spinal compression fractures are common clinical problem. Differentiating benign osteoporotic fractures from pathological fractures due to malignant/metastatic lesions affects the management and prognoses in patients with known extraspinal malignancy. The objective of the research was to assess the role of conventional magnetic resonance imaging sequences with diffusion-weighted imaging and chemical-shift imaging in differentiating benign and malignant acute spinal compression fractures.
Materials and Methods. The study included 40 patients with acute spinal compression fractures. Patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and chemical-shift imaging to differentiate benign etiology from malignant one. The results obtained were compared with histopathological follow-up for 6 months for definite clinical diagnoses.
Results. No significant difference was noted in signal characteristics of benign and malignant fractures on T1, T2 and short-tau inversion recovery. However, posterior element involvement, soft tissue component and post-contrast enhancement were seen more frequently in malignant fractures (p<0.05). On diffusion-weighted images, 77.8% of malignant fractures were hyperintense and 59.1% of benign fractures were hypointense (p<0.05). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value was 0.81 ± 0.19 for malignant and 1.24 ± 0.24 for benign fractures (p<0.5). The mean signal intensity ratio for malignant fractures was 0.91 ± 0.125, whereas the signal intensity ratio for benign fractures was 0.64 ± 0.096 (p<0.001).
Conclusions. Signal characteristics on T1, T2 and short-tau inversion recovery sequences do not differentiate benign from malignant fractures; however, posterior element involvement, soft tissue and post contrast enhancement help in differentiating the etiology. Diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values, as well as using chemical shift imaging further improve the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging.
Justification of Technological Schemes and Parameters of Robotic Milking Parlors
Authors: Ruzin S. S. , Vladimirov F. E. , Yurochka S. S. , Dovgerd G. A. 
Published: September 2020

The creation of compact robotic milking manipulators involves their use not only in single-box robotic milking stations (monobox), but also in milking parlors such as “Parallel” or “Carousel” with a capacity of up to simultaneously milking 120 heads.(Research purpose) To substantiate milking parlors technological schemes and options for their use on livestock farms of various capacities.(Materials and methods) The authors studied the organizing experience of machine and robot milking system for cattle in the Russian Federation and foreign countries, leading in milk production. They analyzed the assortment of machines for dairy farming. Based on the results of simulation in the Any Logic software, they proposed the concepts of robotic milking systems. They compared the throughput when performing milking service operations with robotic types of milking machines and standard systems operated by the manipulator.(Results and discussion) The authors performed calculations and gave a comparative assessment of the duration of the service cycles for animals in automated and robotic milking parlors of various configurations: “Fan”, “Herring-bone”, “Parallel”. To reduce the capital intensity of robotic facilities, to increase the level of production process execution accuracy, to reduce the time required to service animals, a robotic animal sanitation system was proposed at the entrance to the milking parlor. The authors proved that the introduction of the proposed configuration of robotic milking parlors would reduce the capital intensity of equipment in comparison with single-box models of robotic milking stations. They noted the advantages of such systems: the general infrastructure of the component base (milk pipelines, milk receivers, automatic rinsing, etc.) and was not separated by different streams.(Conclusions) The authors revealed the optimal ratio of the number of milking posts and medical stations – 13:1. It was proved that it provided maximum labor productivity for a robotic milking parlor. According to the results of theoretical calculations, it was determined that the proposed robotics schemes for milking parlors exceed the productivity of existing single-box robotic milking stations.
Trends in the Development of Biotechnical Systems in Animal Husbandry
Authors: Kirsanov V. V. , Tsoy Yu. A. 
Published: September 2020

The concept of biotechnical systems belongs to the class of human-machine systems or human–machine–plant systems, human–machine–animal systems. The latter relate to agriculture and the livestock industry. In agricultural production, biotechnical systems have the properties of bimodality, when there are two or more biological objects, a person as a managing operator and a service object (plants, animals).(Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing trends in the development of biomachine and technical systems in order to further intellectualize and digitalize agricultural production.(Materials and methods) There are two approaches in the study of human-machine systems: anthropocentric and machine-centric; the first one assigns a crucial role to the person, the second one – to the machine.(Results and discussion) The article presents the functionality of the Human and Machine subsystems. Part of the functions of the Human operator will gradually be transferred to the Machine, and the Human operator will be transformed into a human Expert and a human User. The article presents a scheme for an intelligent biotechnical system in animal husbandry, and determines the coefficients of adaptation of local automated and robotic biotechnical systems to biological objects. Authors have created a scheme for the functioning of local biotechnical systems in a partially autonomous multi-agent control mode, and identifies criteria for evaluating the functioning of local biotechnical systems.(Conclusions) We need to strengthen the Machine factor on the basis of developing machine-centric models and convert complex three-tier system of biotech in animal husbandry in two-tier with the polarization of the human Expert, human User and Machine–Animal subsystems. The latter absorbs more and more intelligent functions that are passed by a Man, for which it retained control, coordination and management of the entire system.