bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in various water samples
Authors: Ullrich Johanna , Christian Jürgen , Bergmann Sven Michael , Oberle Martin , Becker Anna Maria 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are the two most common species in traditional fish farming in Germany. Their aquaculture is threatened upon others by viruses that can cause a high mortality. Therefore, this work focuses on three viruses—viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3)—that endanger these species. To prevent their spread and contain further outbreaks, it is essential to know how long they can outlast in environmental waters and what affects their infectivity outside the host. Hence, the stability of the target viruses in various water matrices was examined and compared in this work. In general, all three viruses were quite stable within sterile water samples (showing mostly ≤1 log reduction after 96 hr) but were inactivated faster and to a higher extent (up to five log steps within 96 hr) in unsterile environmental water samples. The inactivation of the viruses correlated well with the increasing bacterial load of the samples, suggesting that bacteria had the greatest effect on their stability in the examined samples. In comparison, CyHV‐3 seemed to be the most sensitive and maintained its infectivity for the shortest period.
Patient, family and carer experiences of nutritional screening: a systematic review
Authors: Bullock A. F. , Greenley S. L. , Patterson M. J. , McKenzie G. A. G. , Johnson M. J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite recommendations for nutritional risk screening of all inpatients, outpatients and care home residents, as well as work to assess clinician's experiences and the validity of tools, little attention has been paid to the experiences of patients undergoing nutritional screening. This review aims to synthesise systematically the current evidence regarding nutritional risk screening with respect to the experiences and views of patients, their families and carers.MethodsA systematic search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and British Nursing Database (inception – July 2019); with screening terms related to malnutrition, screening tools and experience. Titles, abstracts and full‐text papers were independently reviewed by two reviewers and then quality‐appraised. Qualitative papers and quantitative surveys were included. A narrative review of surveys and a thematic framework synthesis of interviews were used to identify themes.ResultsNine studies, including five qualitative interview papers, were included. Qualitative and quantitative study results were combined using a matrix chart to allow comparison. Surveyed participants reported processes of nutritional screening as acceptable. Three key themes emerged from qualitative data: (i) experience of nutritional screening; (ii) misunderstanding of malnutrition: of causes, role of screening and poor self‐perception of risk; and (iii) barriers to and opportunities for change.ConclusionsAlthough the screening process is acceptable, patients’ misunderstanding and poor knowledge regarding causes and consequences of malnutrition result in reduced risk perception and disbelief or disregard of nutritional screening results. Findings should inform policy and clinical practice, as well as highlight the known paucity of data regarding the effectiveness of screening on clinical outcomes.
Collybistin SH3‐protein isoforms are expressed in the rat brain promoting gephyrin and GABA‐A receptor clustering at GABAergic synapses
Authors: George Shanu , Bear John , Taylor Michael J. , Kanamalla Karthik , Fekete Christopher D. , Chiou Tzu‐Ting , Miralles Celia P. , Papadopoulos Theofilos , De Blas Angel L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCollybistin (CB) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) selectively localized at GABAergic and glycinergic postsynapses. Analysis of mRNA shows that several isoforms of collybistin are expressed in the brain. Some of the isoforms have a SH3 domain (CBSH3+) and some have no SH3 domain (CBSH3−). The CBSH3+ mRNAs are predominantly expressed over CBSH3−. However, in an immunoblot study of mouse brain homogenates, only CBSH3+ protein isoforms were detected, proposing that CBSH3− protein might not be expressed in the brain. The expression or lack of expression of CBSH3− protein is an important issue because CBSH3− has a strong effect in promoting the postsynaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABA‐A receptors (GABAARs). Moreover CBSH3− is constitutively active; therefore lower expression of CBSH3− protein might play a relatively stronger functional role than the more abundant but self‐inhibited CBSH3+ isoforms, which need to be activated. We are now showing that: (a) CBSH3− protein is expressed in the brain; (b) parvalbumin positive (PV+) interneurons show higher expression of CBSH3− protein than other neurons; (c) CBSH3− is associated with GABAergic synapses in various regions of the brain and (d) knocking down CBSH3− in hippocampal neurons decreases the synaptic clustering of gephyrin and GABAARs. The results show that CBSH3− protein is expressed in the brain and that it plays a significant role in the size regulation of the GABAergic postsynapse.
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Common iliac artery dissection as a complication of common iliac artery balloon occlusion for placenta percreta: A case report
Authors: Saito Kimihito , Mariya Tasuku , Fujibe Yuya , Saito Masato , Hirokawa Naoki , Ishioka Shinichi , Saito Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 37‐year‐old pregnant woman who had undergone three previous cesarean sections was diagnosed as having placenta percreta. We decided to perform cesarean hysterectomy with bilateral common iliac artery balloon occlusion (CIABO). The duration of surgery was 2 h and 2 min and total estimated blood loss was 2600 mL. Surgery was completed without any surgical complications, but the pulse oximeter waveform of the left leg became undetectable during surgery. We immediately performed angiography after closure of laparotomy and found abnormal pooling of contrast media at the left common iliac artery in the region in which the balloon was positioned. We made a diagnosis of left common iliac artery dissection caused by CIABO. We performed emergent revascularization by intravascular stenting. We conclude that CIABO can cause common iliac artery dissection by mechanical stimulation of the inflated balloon. Careful intraoperative evaluation of limb ischemia and preparation of intravascular treatment is needed for a safe procedure.
Optimal pension plan default policies when employees are biased
Authors: Ivanov Asen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhat is the optimal default contribution rate or default asset allocation in pension plans? Could active decision (i.e., not setting a default and forcing employees to make a decision) be optimal? These questions are studied in a model in which each employee is biased regarding her optimal contribution rate or asset allocation. In this model, active decision is never optimal and the optimal default is, depending on parameter values, one of three defaults. The paper explores how the parameters affect the average loss in the population at the optimal default.
How Early Life Adversity Transforms the Learning Brain
Authors: Hauser Marc D. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTFor educators to help children exposed to adverse life experiences, it is necessary to understand how adversity impacts different mechanisms of learning, emotion, and planning as these capacities underpin success in schools and beyond. The goal of this paper is to review essential findings on how early life adversity transforms the brain which, in turn, impacts educational outcomes. Part 1 begins by discussing the species‐specific and expectant experiences that guide typical development, and then turns to early life adversities and their relationship to both physical and mental health outcomes. Part 2 summarizes four dimensions of adversity—type, timing, term, and toxicity—and how each differentially impacts the developing brain, including individual differences in psychopathology. Part 3 discusses the relevance of these findings for educators, highlighting how behavior can be modified to build resilience and greater academic and social–emotional competency.
Mrr1 regulation of methylglyoxal catabolism and methylglyoxal‐induced fluconazole resistance in Candida lusitaniae
Authors: Biermann Amy R. , Demers Elora G. , Hogan Deborah A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTranscription factor Mrr1, best known for its regulation of Candida azole resistance genes such as MDR1, regulates other genes that are poorly characterized. Among the other Mrr1‐regulated genes are putative methylglyoxal reductases. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a toxic metabolite that is elevated in diabetes, uremia, and sepsis, which are diseases that increase the risk for candidiasis, and MG serves as a regulatory signal in diverse organisms. Our studies in Clavispora lusitaniae, also known as Candida lusitaniae, showed that Mrr1 regulates expression of two paralogous MG reductases, MGD1 and MGD2, and that both participate in MG resistance and MG catabolism. Exogenous MG increased Mrr1‐dependent expression of MGD1 and MGD2 as well as expression of MDR1, which encodes an efflux pump that exports fluconazole. MG improved growth in the presence of fluconazole and this was largely Mrr1‐dependent with contributions from a secondary transcription factor, Cap1. Increased fluconazole resistance was also observed in mutants lacking Glo1, a Mrr1‐independent MG catabolic enzyme. Isolates from other Candida species displayed heterogeneity in MG resistance and MG stimulation of azole resistance. We propose endogenous and host‐derived MG can induce MDR1 and other Mrr1‐regulated genes causing increased drug resistance, which may contribute to some instances of fungal treatment failure.
The Internetization of International Migration
Authors: Pesando Luca Maria , Rotondi Valentina , Stranges Manuela , Kashyap Ridhi , Billari Francesco C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Internet has revolutionized our economies, societies, and everyday lives. Many social phenomena are no longer the same as they were in the pre‐Internet era: they have been “Internetized.” We define the Internetization of international migration, and we investigate it by exploring the links between the Internet and migration outcomes all along the migration path, from migration intentions to actual migration. Our analyses leverage a number of sources, both at the micro‐ and the macro‐level, including the Gallup World Poll, the Arab Barometer, data from the International Telecommunication Union, the Italian population register, and unique register data from a migrant reception center in Southern Italy. We also distinguish between economic migrants—those who leave their country of origin with the aim of seeking better economic opportunities elsewhere—and political migrants—those who are forced to leave their countries of origin for political or conflict‐related reasons. Our findings point to a consistently positive relationship between the diffusion of the Internet, migration intentions, and migration behaviors, supporting the idea that the Internet is not necessarily a driving force of migration per se, but rather an enabling “supportive agent.” These associations are particularly relevant for economic migrants, at least for migration intentions. Further analyses underscore the importance of the Internet in providing a key informational channel which helps to define clearer migration trajectories.
A Cumulative Impact of Psychological and Sensitization Risk Factors on Pain‐Related Outcomes
Authors: Uddin Zakir , Woznowski‐Vu Arthur , Flegg Daniel , Aternali Andrea , Wideman Timothy H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveRisk constructs based on psychological risk factors (eg, pain catastrophizing, PC) and sensitization risk factors (eg, pressure pain threshold, PPT) are important in research and clinical practice. Most research looks at individual constructs but does not consider how different constructs might interact within the same individual. An evaluation of the cumulative impact of psychological and sensitization risk factors on pain‐related outcomes may help guide us in the risk assessment of patients with pain conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cumulative impact of these psychological (PC) and sensitization (PPT) risk factors on pain‐related outcomes (activity avoidance, pain severity, and disability) considering covariates.MethodsWe included 109 participants (70.60% women; mean ± SD age 53.6 ± 12.3 years) with chronic musculoskeletal pain for data analysis, who completed all measures of this study. Participants completed a single testing session that included measures of risk factors (PC and PPT) and pain‐related outcomes (self‐reported avoidance, functional avoidance, disability, and pain severity). Subgroups were constructed by dichotomizing of PC and PPT scores, resulting in four groups: (1) low catastrophizing and low sensitivity (N = 26), (2) high catastrophizing and low sensitivity (N = 27), (3) low catastrophizing and high sensitivity (N = 25), and (4) high catastrophizing and high sensitivity (N = 31).ResultsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant group differences (P < 0.05, η2 = 0.08 to 0.14) in all outcomes of this study (except functional avoidance), and post hoc analysis indicated the significant differences are between group 1 and 4. A cumulative impact is reflected by large effect sizes between group 1 and 4 (d = 0.8 to 1). The group 2 and 3 (one risk dimension groups: either high‐PC or high‐PPT) represent 47% of the total participants.ConclusionsThe study suggests both higher level of PC and pressure sensitivity have a cumulative impact on risk screening for pain‐related outcomes, considering gender in functional avoidance (task‐related outcome). A clinical presentation with high‐PC (one dimension of risk) is not associated with high‐PPT (another dimension of risk). This finding has important clinical and theoretical implications.
Refugees, Patriotism, and Hogarth’sThe Gate of Calais(1748)
Authors: Grandjouan Kate 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe subject of this paper is a famous satirical painting of the French by the British painter William Hogarth (1697–1764). Hogarth’sThe Gate of Calaishas long proved to be an effective conduit for national sentiment. Deploying an inter‐disciplinary analysis, the paper argues that Hogarth’s satire draws on a cultural heritage that originated within French refugee communities writing to discredit politics ‘back home’. Understood from this perspective, the painting demonstrates how the cultural materials of a French ethnic minority can become woven into the meta‐narrative about Britishness and then, in turn, become generative of meaning for broader communities of transnationalized Protestants, not just for the British themselves.
Acquired capability for suicide among Belgian and Australian University students: Psychometric properties of the German capability for suicide questionnaire and a test of the interpersonal theory of suicide
Authors: Preece David , Kiekens Glenn , Boyes Mark , Mortier Philippe , Nock Matthew , Kessler Ronald , Bruffaerts Ronny , Hasking Penelope 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS) posits fearlessness of death and pain tolerance as two components of suicide capability. The German Capability for Suicide Questionnaire (GCSQ) is the first measure of both these components, but few data are available on its psychometrics. We (a) examined the psychometric properties of the GCSQ and used it to test (b) the latent structure of suicide capability and (c) its associations with suicidal behavior.MethodAs part of the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative, Belgian (N = 3715) and Australian (N = 2828) students completed the GCSQ (Dutch or English versions).ResultsThe factor structure of the GCSQ was well represented by two first‐order factors (fearlessness of death, pain tolerance) and a higher‐order suicide capability factor. The fearlessness of death scale and pain tolerance scale (minus two reverse‐scored items) showed good reliability (α = 0.81– 0.90). Fearlessness of death was associated with suicidal behaviors, but the pain tolerance scale was inversely associated with suicidal behaviors.ConclusionsConsistent with the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, fearlessness of death and pain tolerance are components of a higher‐order suicide capability construct. The GCSQ is a reliable measure of this construct, though its pain tolerance scale requires modification.
Scedosporium apiospermum and Lomentospora prolificans in lung transplant patients – A single center experience over 24 years
Authors: Vazirani Jaideep , Westall Glen P. , Snell Gregory I. , Morrissey C. Orla 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionScedosporium apiospermum and Lomentospora prolificans (Scedosporium/Lomentospora) species are emerging, multi‐resistant pathogens that cause life‐threatening illnesses among lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The current epidemiology and management in LTx are unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single center audit of all sputum/bronchoscopy samples for Scedosporium/Lomentospora species in LTx patients over a 24‐year period (1995‐2019). Patients were diagnosed as colonized or with invasive fungal disease.ResultsFrom a cohort of 962 LTx recipients, 30 patients (3.1%) cultured Scedosporium/Lomentospora (1.2%, 1.9%, respectively). There were no isolates from 1995 to 2013, with multiple yearly isolates thereafter. Nineteen (63%) cases were classified as IFD, and 11 (37%) as colonization. The median time to first culture from transplantation was 929 days (Interquartile‐range [IQR] 263‐2960). Most patients (63%) had received antifungals prior to the first positive culture of Scedosporium/Lomentospora for other fungal infection. The most common antifungal used for treatment of Scedosporium/Lomentospora was posaconazole (n = 16; 53%). Median duration of therapy was 364 days (IQR 164‐616). Treatment was associated with improved lung function over 6 months (median FEV1 increased from 1.3L[IQR 0.9‐1.8L] to 1.8L[IQR 1.1‐2.3] P = .05). Six patients cultured Scedosporium/Lomentospora prior to transplantation, and no survival disadvantage was seen as compared to our whole LTx cohort (P = .8).ConclusionOur single center 24‐year experience suggests that the incidence of Scedosporium/Lomentospora is increasing. Scedosporium/Lomentospora is typically isolated several years after LTx, and requires prolonged anti‐fungal treatment that is usually associated with improved in lung function. Culture of Scedosporium/Lomentospora prior to LTx did not pose a survival disadvantage. Further surveillance is required to fully characterize implications of these organisms for LTx recipients.
Short‐term exposure to ambient air pollution in association with COVID‐19 of two clusters in South Korea
Authors: Hoang Tung , Nguyen Trung Quang , Tran Tho Thi Anh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the association between six air pollutants and COVID‐19 infection in two main clusters, which accounted for 83% of total confirmed cases in Korea.MethodsWe collected the data on daily confirmed cases between February 24, 2020 and September 12, 2020. Data on six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO and SO2) and four meteorological factors (temperature, wind speed, humidity and air pressure) were obtained on seven days prior to the research period. The generalised additive model and the distributed lag nonlinear model were applied to generate the relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations. Pooled estimates for clusters were obtained by applying a random‐effects model.ResultsWe found that NO2 concentration was positively associated with daily confirmed cases in both Seoul‐Gyeonggi and Daegu‐Gyeongbuk clusters, with RRs (95% CIs) of 1.22 (1.03–1.44) and 1.66 (1.25–2.19), respectively. However, SO2 concentration was observed to be associated with daily confirmed cases in the Seoul‐Gyeonggi cluster only (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.10–1.54), whereas PM2.5 and CO concentrations were observed to be associated with daily confirmed cases in the Daegu‐Gyeongbuk cluster only (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02–1.27 and RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.15–1.48, respectively).ConclusionsOur data found that NO2 concentration was positively associated with daily confirmed cases in both clusters, whereas the effect of PM2.5, CO and SO2 on COVID‐19 infection in two clusters was different.
The impact of export VAT rebates on firm productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Tang Baoqing , Gao Bo , Ma Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper studies the impact of export VAT rebates on firm productivity with Chinese firm‐product‐level data. We find that higher VAT rebates significantly raise firm productivity. The results are robust to various estimations of firm productivity. Moreover, this paper finds that the impact of export VAT rebates on firm productivity is significantly different across firms and sectors. More specifically, our results suggest that the impact is mainly driven by firms with small export intensive margins and large export extensive margins, new exporters, financially constrained firms and low‐productivity firms. Furthermore, in high‐tech sectors, the impact is significantly large with a one percentage point increase of firm rate of VAT rebates nearly raising firm productivity by 6%.
Impact of liver disease on patients’ quality of life: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Grønkjær Lea Ladegaard , Lauridsen Mette Munk 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this systematic review is to explore the impact of liver disease on patients’ quality of life in an attempt to develop effective evidence-based recommendations and strategies useful for clinical practice and health care professionals.

Introduction:
Liver diseases are common worldwide and a major cause of illness and death due to health problems and serious complications, which not only cause hospitalization and death, but also emotional distress, depression, and impaired quality of life.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider qualitative and quantitative studies on patients with liver disease of different severity and type. The qualitative component of this review will consider all studies that describe patients’ lived experience and perception of having liver disease. The quantitative component will include studies that explore the quality of life in patients with liver disease.

Methods:
CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Ovid) will be searched for articles published in Danish and English without any restriction in terms of year of publication. Articles describing both qualitative and quantitative studies will be screened for inclusion, critically appraised for methodological quality, and have data extracted using JBI instruments for mixed methods systematic reviews. A convergent integrated approach to synthesis and integration will be used.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020173501