bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Control of a Compound Rotorcraft for Engine Performance Enhancement
Authors: Scullion Calum , Vouros Stavros , Goulos Ioannis , Nalianda Devaiah , Pachidis Vassilios 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Demands for rotorcraft with increased flight speed, improved operational performance and reduced environmental impact have led to a drive in research and development of alternative concepts. Compound rotorcraft overcome the flight speed limitations of conventional helicopters with additional lifting and propulsive components. Further to operational benefits, these augmentations provide additional flight control parameters, resulting in control redundancy. This work aims to investigate the impact of optimal control strategies for a generic coaxial compound rotorcraft, equipped with turboshaft engines, targeting the minimization of mission fuel burn and gaseous emissions. The direct redundant controls considered are: (a) main rotor speed, (b) propeller speed, and (c) fuselage pitch attitude. A simulation tool for coaxial compound rotorcraft analysis has been developed and coupled to a zero-dimensional engine performance model and a stirred-reactor combustor model. First, experimental and flight test data were used to provide extensive validation of the developed models. A parametric analysis was then carried out to gain insight into the effect of the redundant controls. This was followed by the derivation of a generalized set of optimal redundant control allocations using a surrogate-assisted genetic algorithm. Application of the optimal redundant control allocations during realistic operational scenarios has demonstrated reductions in fuel burn and NOx of up to 6.93% and 8.74%, respectively. The developed method constitutes a rigorous approach to guide the design of control systems for future advanced rotorcraft.
Experimental Evaluation of Dynamic Characteristics of Circular Arc Spring Dampers for Rotating Machinery
Authors: Takeuchi Ryota , Ishimaru Hidetsugu , Yamashita Hideaki , Yabui Shota , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This study presents an experimental evaluation of the dynamic characteristics of the circular arc spring damper (CASD), which attenuates the vibration of rotating machinery. The CASD is a novel type of fluid film damper that has two or more arc-shaped beams and dual slits (radial clearances) formed by wire electric discharge machining (WEDM). A major advantage of CASDs over conventional squeeze film dampers (SFDs) with squirrel-cage springs is their compactness and low weight. The concept of CASDs was originally proposed by Kanki et al. (2005). However, the basic characteristics of this type of damper, including the influence of the geometries, added mass coefficients, and cross-coupled terms of dynamic coefficients have not been investigated. To clarify these characteristics, a series of excitation tests was conducted on three types of CASDs to identify their dynamic coefficients. The features of the newly developed test rig and experimental results are presented in this study. Tested dampers have the same outer diameter (160 mm) and damper width (44 mm) but different arc patterns (2-arc or 4-arc) and radial clearances (about 0.3 or 1.2 mm). All dampers were tested in both open-end and end-sealed configuration. The influence of the end-seal clearances (about 0.1–0.4 mm) was also examined. The following results were obtained: (1) 4-arc type CASDs have greater damping than that of 2-arc types; (2) CASDs have a considerable amount of added mass coefficients, especially in the end-sealed condition; (3) smaller end-seal clearances make the damping and added-mass coefficients significantly larger; (4) A large level of damping can be produced with dashpot configuration (large radial clearances and small end-seal clearances), though the added-mass effect becomes more prominent; (5) cross-coupled terms are very small in centered/small amplitude motion. These new findings can be utilized for the design and application of CASDs to real rotating machineries.
Study of the Test Conditions and Thermostability of an Overcharge Test for Large Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yupeng , Luo Yunjun , Jiang Chenglong , Wang Fang , Ma Tianyi , Park Jae Wan , Wu Siyuan , Xu Dapeng , Xie Kun , Wei Mohan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, a lithium-ion soft-pack battery used in an electric vehicle was taken as the research object. Based on the actual working condition of the traction battery, the regularity of the evolution of the overcharge thermal runaway experiment of the sample was deeply analyzed by taking the charging rate and the ambient temperature as variables. The results showed that the larger the overcharge current was and the higher the ambient temperature was, the lower the overcharge thermal stability of the battery was. Furthermore, based on the concept of the introduction of battery energy during charging, by analyzing the total amount of energy input and the rate of energy input, a unified index was established to measure the change of the battery overcharging stability under different experimental conditions.
The Simulation of Liquid Flow in the Pore Network Model of Nanoporous Media
Authors: Guo Yaohao , Zhang Lei , Sun Hai , Yang Yongfei , Xu Zhi , Bao Bo , Yao Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The fluid–solid interaction force shows significant influence on liquid flow at nanoscale. Vast experimental observations in recent literatures have shown that Darcy's law cannot be applied to nanoporous media. In this study, the slip length and effective viscosity are adapted to characterize the nanoscale effect. First, the nanoscale effect is investigated in nanotubes through computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling analysis. Slip boundary condition has been studied as an important discrepancy between macroscopic flow and nanoscale liquid flow. The effect of viscosity change becomes more notable with the slip length increasing. Then, the flow equation for pore network modeling is developed to capture nanoscale effect. The results show that the apparent permeability of nanoscale systems is significantly underestimated when slip effect is neglected. The size of the pore throat determines whether the slip effect needs to be considered, and critical diameter of neglecting the slip effect for circular throat is 79.17 Ls. It is necessary to take the variation of effective viscosity into account under slip boundary condition. With the pore throat size decreasing, the nanoscale effect increases. The nanoscale effect is more sensitive to pore throat size under hydrophobic conditions than hydrophilic conditions.
Fracture Sustainability in Enhanced Geothermal Systems: Experimental and Modeling Constraints
Authors: Dobson Patrick F. , Kneafsey Timothy J. , Nakagawa Seiji , Sonnenthal Eric L. , Voltolini Marco , Smith J. Torquil , Borglin Sharon E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) offer the potential for a much larger energy source than conventional hydrothermal systems. Hot, low-permeability rocks are prevalent at depth around the world, but the challenge of extracting thermal energy depends on the ability to create and sustain open fracture networks. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a suite of selected rock cores (granite, metasediment, rhyolite ash-flow tuff, and silicified rhyolitic tuff) at relevant pressures (uniaxial loading up to 20.7 MPa and fluid pressures up to 10.3 MPa) and temperatures (150–250 °C) to evaluate the potential impacts of circulating fluids through fractured rock by monitoring changes in fracture aperture, mineralogy, permeability, and fluid chemistry. Because a fluid in disequilibrium with the rocks (deionized water) was used for these experiments, there was net dissolution of the rock sample: this increased with increasing temperature and experiment duration. Thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical (THMC) modeling simulations were performed for the rhyolite ash-flow tuff experiment to test the ability to predict the observed changes. These simulations were performed in two steps: a thermal-hydrological-mechanical (THM) simulation to evaluate the effects of compression of the fracture, and a thermal-hydrological-chemical (THC) simulation to evaluate the effects of hydrothermal reactions on the fracture mineralogy, porosity, and permeability. These experiments and simulations point out how differences in rock mineralogy, fluid chemistry, and geomechanical properties influence how long asperity-propped fracture apertures may be sustained. Such core-scale experiments and simulations can be used to predict EGS reservoir behavior on the field scale.
Androgenic anabolic steroid-induced liver injury: two case reports assessed for causality by the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score and a comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Abeles Robin Daniel , Foxton Matthew , Khan Shahid , Goldin Robert , Smith Belinda , Thursz Mark R , Verma Suman 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAnabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) usage is widespread and increasing. AAS drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is recognised but its clinical course and management is poorly described. We report 2 cases of AAS DILI with associated renal dysfunction, managed successfully with oral corticosteroids.MethodsA comprehensive review identified 50 further cases to characterise the clinical and biochemical course. Causality grading was calculated using the updated Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score. Data are presented as median values.ResultsThe most common AAS taken was methyldrostanolone. Patients commonly present with jaundice and pruritus but may exhibit other constitutional symptoms. Patients presented 56 days after starting, and bilirubin peaked 28 days after stopping, AAS. Causality assessment was ‘unlikely’ in 1 (2%), ‘possible’ in 31 (60%) and ‘probable’ in 20 (38%). Peak values were: bilirubin 705 μmol/L, alanine transaminase 125 U/L, aspartate transaminase 71 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 262 U/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase 52 U/L, international normalised ratio 1.1. Liver biopsies showed ‘bland’ canalicular cholestasis. 43% of patients developed kidney injury (peak creatinine 225 μmol/L). Therapies included antipruritics, ursodeoxycholic acid and corticosteroids. No patients died or required liver transplantation.ConclusionsPhysicians are likely to encounter AAS DILI. Causality assessment using the updated RUCAM should be performed but defining indications and proving efficacy for therapies remains challenging.
Transmuting off-shell CHY integrals in the double-cover framework
Authors: Zhou Kang , Zhou Guo-Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, by defining off-shell amplitudes as off-shell CHY integrals, and redefining the longitudinal operator, we demonstrate that the differential operators which link on-shell amplitudes for a variety of theories together link off-shell amplitudes in a similar manner. Based on the algebraic property of the differential operator, we also generalize three relations among color-ordered on-shell amplitudes, including the color-ordered reversed relation, the photon decoupling relation, the Kleiss–Kuijf relation, to off-shell ones. The off-shell CHY integrals are chosen to be in the double-cover framework, thus, as a by product, our result also provides a verification for the double-cover construction.
Bent incised valley formed in uplifting shelf facing subduction margin: case study off the eastern coast of the Boso Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Sato Tomoyuki , Furuyama Seishiro , Komatsubara Junko , Ozaki Masanori , Yamaguchi Kazuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Boso Peninsula is located in central Japan near the junction of the subduction boundary of three tectonic plates. A forearc basin has been developing there since 3 Ma and has been uplifting since 1 Ma. The basal surface of the Holocene deposits in the offshore area was investigated based on a seismic survey and is very similar to the adjacent land areas (the Iioka Plateau, the Kujukuri Plain and the Kazusa Hills). The basal surface in the Kujukuri Plain and its corresponding offshore area contains many incised valleys. Most of them extend southeastward, parallel to the direction from the hinterland to the ocean, but one incised valley (Kujukuri-oki Buried Valley) lies perpendicular to the others. A buried terrace is located SE of the valley and along the area where mudstone (of the Kiwada Formation) is distributed. The present observations indicate that differential erosion formed the terrace, after which the valley bent to follow the terrace. The rivers tend to be perpendicular to the strike of the sediment in the forearc basin owing to tectonic movement. Thus, the valley must have been incised into the underlying strata with a perpendicular strike and may have become bent in uplifting forearc basins.
Phenotypic Differences Between Polygenic and Monogenic Hypobetalipoproteinemia
Authors: Rimbert Antoine , Vanhoye Xavier , Coulibaly Dramane , Marrec Marie , Pichelin Matthieu , Charrière Sybil , Peretti Noël , Valéro René , Wargny Matthieu , Carrié Alain , Lindenbaum Pierre , Deleuze Jean-François , Genin Emmanuelle , Redon Richard , Rollat-Farnier Pierre Antoine , Goxe Didier , Degraef Gilles , Marmontel Oriane , Divry Eléonore , Bigot-Corbel Edith , Moulin Philippe , Cariou Bertrand , Di Filippo Mathilde 
Published: November 2020

Objective:

Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia is characterized by LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) concentrations below the fifth percentile. Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia mostly results from heterozygous mutations in the
APOB
(apolipoprotein B) and
PCSK9
genes, and a polygenic origin is hypothesized in the remaining cases. Hypobetalipoproteinemia patients present an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Here, we compared hepatic alterations between monogenic, polygenic, and primary hypobetalipoproteinemia of unknown cause.

Approach and Results:

Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed in a cohort of 111 patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia to assess monogenic and polygenic origins using an LDL-C-dedicated polygenic risk score. Forty patients (36%) had monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemia, 38 (34%) had polygenic hypobetalipoproteinemia, and 33 subjects (30%) had hypobetalipoproteinemia from an unknown cause. Patients with monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemia had lower LDL-C and apolipoprotein B plasma levels compared with those with polygenic hypobetalipoproteinemia. Liver function was assessed by hepatic ultrasonography and liver enzymes levels. Fifty-nine percent of patients with primary hypobetalipoproteinemia presented with liver steatosis, whereas 21% had increased alanine aminotransferase suggestive of liver injury. Monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemia was also associated with an increased prevalence of liver steatosis (81% versus 29%,
P
<0.001) and liver injury (47% versus 0%) compared with polygenic hypobetalipoproteinemia.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the importance of genetic diagnosis in the clinical care of primary hypobetalipoproteinemia patients. It shows for the first time that a polygenic origin of hypobetalipoproteinemia is associated with a lower risk of liver steatosis and liver injury versus monogenic hypobetalipoproteinemia. Thus, polygenic risk score is a useful tool to establish a more personalized follow-up of primary hypobetalipoproteinemia patients.
Circular RNA CircMAP3K5 Acts as a MicroRNA-22-3p Sponge to Promote Resolution of Intimal Hyperplasia Via TET2-Mediated Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation
Authors: Zeng Zhi , Xia Luoxing , Fan Shunyang , Zheng Junmeng , Qin Jinhong , Fan Xuejiao , Liu Yunfeng , Tao Jun , Liu Yingying , Li Kang , Ling Zhenwei , Bu Yun , Martin Kathleen A. , Hwa John , Liu Renjing , Tang Wai Ho 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Aberrant expression of circular RNA contributes to human diseases. Circular RNAs regulate gene expression by sequestering specific microRNAs. In this study, we investigated whether circMAP3K5 (circular mitogen-activated protein kinase 5) could act as a competing endogenous microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) sponge and regulate neointimal hyperplasia.

Methods:
Circular RNA profiling from genome-wide RNA sequencing data was compared between human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) treated with or without platelet-derived growth factor. Expression levels of circMAP3K5 were assessed in human coronary arteries from autopsies on patients with dilated cardiomyopathy or coronary heart disease. The role of circMAP3K5 in intimal hyperplasia was further investigated in mice with adeno-associated virus 9–mediated circMAP3K5 transfection. SMC-specific Tet2 (ten-eleven translocation-2) knockout mice and global miR-22-3p knockout mice were used to delineate the mechanism by which circMAP3K5 attenuated neointimal hyperplasia using the femoral arterial wire injury model.

Results:
RNA sequencing demonstrated that treatment with platelet-derived growth factor–BB significantly reduced expression of circMAP3K5 in human coronary artery SMCs. Wire-injured mouse femoral arteries and diseased arteries from patients with coronary heart disease (where platelet-derived growth factor–BB is increased) confirmed in vivo downregulation of circMAP3K5 associated with injury and disease. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of circMAP3K5 inhibited the proliferation of human coronary artery SMCs. In vivo adeno-associated virus 9–mediated transfection of circMap3k5 (mouse circular Map3k5) specifically inhibited SMC proliferation in the wire-injured mouse arteries, resulting in reduced neointima formation. Using a luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down, circMAP3K5 (human circular MAP3K5) was found to sequester miR-22-3p, which, in turn, inhibited the expression of TET2. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the loss of miR-22-3p recapitulated the antiproliferative effect of circMap3k5 on vascular SMCs. In SMC-specific Tet2 knockout mice, loss of Tet2 abolished the circMap3k5-mediated antiproliferative effect on vascular SMCs.

Conclusions:
We identify circMAP3K5 as a master regulator of TET2-mediated vascular SMC differentiation. Targeting the circMAP3K5/miR-22-3p/TET2 axis may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with intimal hyperplasia, including restenosis and atherosclerosis.
Dysfunctional Mitochondrial Dynamic and Oxidative Phosphorylation Precedes Cardiac Dysfunction in R120G‐αB‐Crystallin‐Induced Desmin‐Related Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Alam Shafiul , Abdullah Chowdhury S. , Aishwarya Richa , Morshed Mahboob , Nitu Sadia S. , Miriyala Sumitra , Panchatcharam Manikandan , Kevil Christopher G. , Orr A. Wayne , Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin 
Published: November 2020

Background

The mutated α‐B‐Crystallin (CryAB
R120G
) mouse model of desmin‐related myopathy (DRM) shows an age‐dependent onset of pathologic cardiac remodeling and progression of heart failure. CryAB
R120G
expression in cardiomyocytes affects the mitochondrial spatial organization within the myofibrils, but the molecular perturbation within the mitochondria in the relation of the overall course of the proteotoxic disease remains unclear.

Methods and Results

CryAB
R120G
mice show an accumulation of electron‐dense aggregates and myofibrillar degeneration associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction. Though extensive studies demonstrated that these altered ultrastructural changes cause cardiac contractility impairment, the molecular mechanism of cardiomyocyte death remains elusive. Here, we explore early pathological processes within the mitochondria contributing to the contractile dysfunction and determine the pathogenic basis for the heart failure observed in the CryAB
R120G
mice. In the present study, we report that the CryAB
R120G
mice transgenic hearts undergo altered mitochondrial dynamics associated with increased level of dynamin‐related protein 1 and decreased level of optic atrophy type 1 as well as mitofusin 1 over the disease process. In association with these changes, an altered level of the components of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex regulatory proteins occurs before the manifestation of pathologic adverse remodeling in the CryAB
R120G
hearts. Mitochondria isolated from CryAB
R120G
transgenic hearts without visible pathology show decreased electron transport chain complex activities and mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, we demonstrated the involvement of mitochondria in the pathologic remodeling and progression of DRM‐associated cellular dysfunction.

Conclusions

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of altered mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative phosphorylation and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex proteins level, abnormal electron transport chain complex activities, and mitochondrial respiration are evident on the CryAB
R120G
hearts before the onset of detectable pathologies and development of cardiac contractile dysfunction.
Twenty‐Four‐Hour Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes Compared With Cigarette Smoking in Dual Users
Authors: Benowitz Neal L. , St.Helen Gideon , Nardone Natalie , Addo Newton , Zhang Junfeng (Jim) , Harvanko Arit M. , Calfee Carolyn S. , Jacob Peyton 
Published: November 2020

Background
Cardiovascular safety is an important consideration regarding the benefits versus risks of electronic cigarette use (EC) for public health. The single‐use cardiovascular effects of EC have been well studied but may not reflect effects of ad libitum use throughout the day. We aimed to compare the circadian hemodynamic effects as well as 24‐hour biomarkers of oxidative stress, and platelet aggregation and inflammation, with ad libitum cigarette smoking (CS) versus EC versus no tobacco product use.

Methods and Results

Thirty‐six healthy dual CS and EC users participated in a crossover study in a confined research setting. Circadian heart rate, blood pressure and plasma nicotine levels, 24‐hour urinary catecholamines, 8‐isoprostane and 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2, and plasma interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 were compared in CS, EC, and no nicotine conditions. Over 24 hours, and during daytime, heart rate and blood pressure were higher in CS and EC compared with no tobacco product conditions (
P
<0.01). Heart rate on average was higher with CS versus EC. Urinary catecholamines, 8‐isoprostane, and 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane B2 were not significantly different, but plasma IL‐6 and IL‐8 were higher with both CS and EC compared with no tobacco product (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions
CS and EC had similar 24‐hour patterns of hemodynamic effects compared with no tobacco product, with a higher average heart rate with CS versus EC, and similar effects on biomarkers of inflammation. EC may pose some cardiovascular risk, particularly to smokers with underlying cardiovascular disease, but may also provide a harm reduction opportunity for smokers willing to switch entirely to EC.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique Identifier: NCT02470754.