bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Mimics Pulmonary Embolism on Pulmonary Ventilation/Perfusion SPECT/CT Study
Authors: Zhang Shuxin , Wang Wei , Yang Xu , Liu Jie , Yang Ji-Gang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A 64-year-old woman with a history of cirrhosis and progressive difficulty breathing underwent pulmonary ventilation/perfusion SPECT to evaluate possible pulmonary embolism. The images demonstrated multiple mismatched ventilation/perfusion defects in both lungs, suggesting pulmonary embolism. However, there was also 99mTc-MAA radioactivity in the brain and bilateral kidney, with a right-to-left shunting rate of 8.8%. In addition, CT pulmonary angiography did not demonstrate embolus. The findings indicated that perfusion defects were caused by hepatopulmonary syndrome.
Protective functions of ZO-2/Tjp2 expressed in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes against liver injury and cholestasis
Authors: Xu Jianliang , Kausalya P. Jaya P. , Van Hul Noémi , Caldez Matias J. , Xu Shiyi , Min Ong Alicia Ghia , Woo Wan Lu , Ali Safiah Mohamed , Kaldis Philipp , Hunziker Walter 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND & AIMSTight junctions (TJs) establish tissue barriers that maintain osmotic homeostasis and, in the liver, isolate bile flow from the blood circulation. ZO-2/Tjp2 is a scaffold protein that tethers TJ transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton. Missense mutations in Tjp2 have recently been shown to cause progressive cholestatic liver disease in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. To study the role of Tjp2 in cholestatic liver disease, we generated and characterized mice lacking Tjp2 in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, or both.METHODSTjp2 was inactivated in the mouse liver (both in hepatocytes and cholangiocytes) or hepatocytes or cholangiocytes only. Liver function tests were carried out by biochemical analysis of plasma and liver samples and liver tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and histology. The mice were also subjected to cholic acid (CA) diet to assess their susceptibility to liver insults.RESULTSDeletion of Tjp2 in the mouse liver did not result in apparent changes in TJ structure and composition, but lead to progressive cholestasis with lower expression levels of the bile acid (BA) transporter ABCB11/Bsep and the detoxification enzyme Cyp2b10. Feeding a CA diet that is well tolerated by control mice caused severe cholestasis and necrotic liver injury in mice lacking hepatic Tjp2. Administration of a CAR agonist, TCPOBOP, protected these mice from CA induced injury by enhancing the expression of the detoxifying enzyme Cyp2b10 in hepatocytes. Mice lacking Tjp2 in only hepatocytes or in only cholangiocytes showed less severe CA diet induced liver injury.CONCLUSIONLoss of Tjp2 from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes both contribute to progressive cholestatic liver disease and higher susceptibility to liver injury. In hepatocytes, Tjp2 exerts a protective role by regulating expression levels of BA transporters and detoxification enzymes. The mice may provide a new animal model for cholestatic liver disease linked to Tjp2 mutations in humans.
RBM45 associates with nuclear stress bodies and forms nuclear inclusions during chronic cellular stress and in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Collins Mahlon , Li Yang , Bowser Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRBM45 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein (RBP) found in cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While cytoplasmic RBM45 inclusions contain other disease-associated proteins, nuclear RBM45 inclusions are morphologically and biochemically distinct from previously described nuclear inclusion pathology in these diseases. To better understand nuclear RBM45 aggregation and inclusion formation, we evaluated the association of RBM45 with a variety of membraneless nuclear organelles, including nuclear speckles, Cajal bodies, and nuclear gems. Under basal conditions, RBM45 is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleus and does not localize to a specific nuclear organelle. During cellular stress, however, the nuclear RBM45 distribution undergoes an RNA-binding dependent rearrangement wherein RBM45 coalesces into a small number of nuclear puncta. These puncta contain the nuclear stress body (NSB) markers heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) and scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB). During chronic stress, the persistent association of RBM45 with NSBs leads to the formation of large, insoluble nuclear RBM45 inclusions. RBM45 nuclear inclusions persist after stressor removal and NSB disassembly and the inclusions resemble the nuclear RBM45 pathology seen in ALS, FTLD, and AD. We also quantified the cell type- and disease-specific patterns of RBM45 pathology in ALS, FTLD, AD, and non-neurologic disease control subjects. RBM45 nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions are found in neurons and glia in ALS, FTLD, and AD but not in controls. Across diseases, RBM45 nuclear inclusion pathology occurs more frequently than cytoplasmic RBM45 inclusion pathology and exhibits cell type-specific variation. Collectively, our results define new stress-associated functions of RBM45, a mechanism for its nuclear aggregation and inclusion formation, a role for NSBs in the pathogenesis of diseases such as ALS, FTLD, and AD, and further underscore the importance of self-association to both the normal and pathological functions of RBPs in these diseases.
Secure data storage on DNA hard drives
Authors: Chen Kaikai , Zhu Jinbo , Boskovic Filip , Keyser Ulrich F. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDNA is emerging as a novel material for digital data storage. The two main challenges are efficient encoding and data security. Here, we develop an approach that allows for writing and erasing data by relying solely on Watson-Crick base pairing of short oligonucleotides to single-stranded DNA overhangs located along a long double-stranded DNA hard drive (DNA-HD). Our enzyme-free system enables fast synthesis-free data writing with predetermined building blocks. The use of DNA base pairing allows for secure encryption on DNA-HDs that requires a physical key and nanopore sensing for decoding. The system is suitable for miniature integration for an end-to-end DNA storage device. Our study opens a novel pathway for rewritable and secure data storage with DNA.One Sentence SummaryStoring digital information on molecules along DNA hard drives for rewritable and secure data storage.
Cell-fate plasticity, adhesion and cell sorting complementarily establish a sharp midbrain-hindbrain boundary
Authors: Kesavan Gokul , Hans Stefan , Brand Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe formation and maintenance of sharp boundaries between groups of cells play a vital role during embryonic development as they serve to compartmentalize cells with similar fates. Some of these boundaries also act as organizers, with the ability to induce specific cell fates and morphogenesis in the surrounding cells. The midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) is an example of such an organizer that also acts as a lineage restriction boundary that prevents the intermingling of cells with different developmental fates. However, the mechanisms underlying the lineage restriction process remain unclear. Here, using a combination of novel fluorescent knock-in reporters, live imaging, Cre/lox-mediated lineage tracing, atomic force microscopy-based cell adhesion assays, and mutant analysis, we analyze the process of lineage restriction at the MHB and provide mechanistic details. Specifically, we show that lineage restriction occurs by the end of gastrulation, and that the subsequent formation of sharp gene expression boundaries in the developing MHB occur through complementary mechanisms, namely cell-fate plasticity and cell sorting. Further, we show that cell sorting at the MHB involves differential adhesion among midbrain and hindbrain cells that is mediated by N-cadherin and Eph-Ephrin signaling.
Characterising 3D spherical packings by principal component analysis
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Feng Y.T. , Tan Yuanqiang 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to extend the previous study [Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 340: 70-89, 2018] on the development of a novel packing characterising system based on principal component analysis (PCA) to quantitatively reveal some fundamental features of spherical particle packings in three-dimensional.

Design/methodology/approach
Gaussian quadrature is adopted to obtain the volume matrix representation of a particle packing. Then, the digitalised image of the packing is obtained by converting cross-sectional images along one direction to column vectors of the packing image. Both a principal variance (PV) function and a dissimilarity coefficient (DC) are proposed to characterise differences between different packings (or images).

Findings
Differences between two packings with different packing features can be revealed by the PVs and DC. Furthermore, the values of PV and DC can indicate different levels of effects on packing caused by configuration randomness, particle distribution, packing density and particle size distribution. The uniformity and isotropy of a packing can also be investigated by this PCA based approach.

Originality/value
Develop an alternative novel approach to quantitatively characterise sphere packings, particularly their differences.
BREAKFAST GONE BAD … the case of Kellogg’s rice Krispies®
Authors: Berndt Adele 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
After having discussed the case, the reader will be able to analyse the dangers associated with product changes; contrast various strategic marketing issues that can be considered when implementing changes, including marketing communication and the use of social media; motivate an approach to customer complaints and comments on the launch of a new product; and comment on the ethical issues associated with new product launches.

Case overview/synopsis
Marketers are focused on satisfying customers’ needs, and no organisation would deliberately offend or alienate customers. Occasionally, organisations make decisions that anger customers as they do not understand the reasoning behind them. Sometimes, the decision is the correct one and once the company has clarified the reason behind it, the customer adjusts to the new situation. At other times, the consumer refuses to accept the decision and abandons the organisation or the specific product. This situation indicates some important negative outcomes for companies when making changes to product formulas. Social media allows customers to complain and comment, adding visibility to the situation. All these factors contribute to presenting management with a challenge in dealing with this situation, considering the needs of the company and balancing them with the customer reactions.

Complexity academic level
Third-year strategic marketing students MBA students (marketing courses)

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes (and necessary annexures) permissions.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Mejor en Bici: business model innovation and shared value
Authors: Manzi Mario Andres , Caicedo Erika Johanna , Cardona Daniel Alberto 
Published: November 2019

Study level/applicabilityThis case is appropriate for entrepreneurship courses where the topics are generation of business model, business model innovation and shared value. It can be used at undergraduate and graduate levels.Case overviewThis case addresses the challenges that Mejor en Bici (in English: Best by Bike), a start-up that promotes mobility by bicycle, had to face from 2010 to 2015 at the level of its business model and generation of shared value. The case narrates the main achievements and obstacles in this path of entrepreneurship and how, through this process, a business model should be designed that allows strategic decisions to be taken to achieve sustained growth. In addition, this case examines how from early stages in entrepreneurship it is possible to generate shared value as a strategic component.Expected learning outcomesIdentify and present the value proposition of Mejor en Bici to understand where a business model starts.Design and evaluate the business model of Mejor en Bici from an innovation perspective.Apply the concept of shared value in the generation of a business proposal for Mejor en Bici based on their business model.Supplementary materialsOsterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers and challengers. John Wiley & Sons. Pages: 14-44; 56-108; 244-262.Porter, M. E. and Kramer, M. R. (2011). The big idea: Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89, 1-18.Amit, R. and Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53, 40-59.Social implicationsThe social implication of this case lies in the motivation and guidance that potential entrepreneurs and students who analyze this case will receive. They can learn from a successful but complex experience how to start a business in a sustainable and responsible way.Subject codeCSS 3: Entrepreneurship
From bribes to international corruption: the Odebrecht case
Authors: Morales Sergio , Morales Oswaldo 
Published: November 2019

Learning outcomes
The contribution of the present case lies in the critical view that every business actor should exercise – be it general manager, middle management, supervisor or executive – when building a strong organizational culture in corrupt political environments.

Case overview/synopsis
The purpose of this case study is to explore the dilemma in which Marcelo Odebrecht, once CEO of Odebrecht, found/determined whether to continue with the business model established by the founders of Odebrecht or take a new path for the organization. After exploring the corrupt acts of Odebrecht and the scope of Operation Lava Jato, the reader can reflect on the importance of organizational culture (according to the three levels proposed by Schein) in the face of the emergence of corruption. By generating discussions about organizational culture, business ethics, political culture and corruption, the organizational culture of Odebrecht is problematized in relation to its real behavior.

Complexity academic level
Students of administration, business and international business undergraduates and graduates, as well as members of senior management in companies in the infrastructure sector. Also, given the plurality of possible readings, it is recommended that the case also be used in courses or specializations in organizational psychology, organizational sociology or organizational anthropology.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 5: International Business.
Adopting green construction practices: health and safety implications
Authors: Onubi Hilary Omatule , Yusof Nor'Aini , Hassan Ahmad Sanusi 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to assess the impact of adopting selected green construction site practices on the health and safety performance of the construction projects. The impact of storm-water management, energy management and construction waste management on projects health and safety performance was also examined.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey was conducted to collect information from Class A contractors in Nigeria, and 168 usable responses were received. The data were analysed using the partial least squares (PLSs) structural equation modelling technique.

Findings
The findings indicate that energy management and waste management practices have significant effects on the health and safety performance of the construction projects, while storm-water management has no effect.

Practical implications
Project and site managers need to take into consideration the skill set of their workforce when attempting to adopt new innovative construction strategies the workers are unfamiliar with in a changing construction environment. There is also a need for more training of workers on generic and specific green skills to avoid health and safety challenges on site.

Originality/value
The findings of this study make significant contribution to the debate on the health and safety performance of green projects, as only a few studies have been conducted on this topic. The empirical relationships between the constructs of energy management, waste management, storm-water management and health and safety performance are unique in the context of other related studies and have advanced the body of existing knowledge.
Approaches to the wardrobe challenges of Muslim women in the west
Authors: Shafee Wafaa H. 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This study aims to identify the challenges of Muslim women in terms of their dress code in Western society by including their clothing needs in the strategies of the fashion industry and marketing. The study focuses on wardrobe choices that have helped overcome these challenges and facilitated Muslim women’s integration into western society.

Design/methodology/approach
Descriptive statistics were used in this study through a questionnaire that was distributed among 265 randomly selected Muslim women in London, UK. The results have been presented in charts showing the percentages and frequencies of the different behaviors and challenges that were faced by Muslim women in the west.

Findings
The majority of the study sample preferred to use a variety of modern fashion trends from global brands to integrate with the community. The essential criteria for the Muslim women’s clothing choices include head hair cover and conservative full-length clothes that are non-transparent that cover the neck and chest area.

Originality/value
A study has investigated the clothing needs and behaviors of Muslim women in the west for their community integration. It analyzed the results and linked them with the role and contributions of designers, producers and fashion marketers in accepting the western society of Muslims and their integration with its members.
Case report: Chlorpromazine and deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Reed Matthew Joseph , Comeau Sean , Wojtanowicz Todd R. , Sampathi Bharat Reddy , Penev Sofia , Bota Robert 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Since the development of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s, a variety of studies and case reports have been published that suggest an association between exposure to typical antipsychotics and venous thromboembolisms (VTE). Therefore, when starting treatment with antipsychotics, especially low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine, health-care providers must account for the patient’s existing VTE risk factors.

Design/methodology/approach
In this case report, the authors describe the development of a pulmonary embolism associated with use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of an acute manic episode in a 51-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder type 1.

Findings
The patient was brought to the emergency room by the police on a legal hold for bizarre behaviors at a bus stop, which included incessantly yelling at bystanders. The patient was found to have disorganized thoughts, poor sleep, rapid speech, labile mood, distractibility, auditory hallucinations and grandiose delusions. During the course of her stay, the patient received extensive IM chlorpromazine for extreme agitation, in addition to chlorpromazine 200 mg IM Q8H, which was later decreased to chlorpromazine 100 mg chlorpromazine IM/PO Q8H. On day 4 of the treatment, the patient experienced difficulty breathing, hypoxia and tachycardia and was found to have bilateral expiratory wheezes. CT angiography showed sub-segmental pulmonary embolus and the patient was transferred to MICU service. The patient was then intubated and started on heparin by the medical team. Over the course of the next day, her respiratory distress resolved and the patient was extubated.

Originality/value
It is possible that chlorpromazine may indeed increase VTEs, and there are various physiological postulations regarding the mechanism of action. However, multiple confounding variables existed in the authors’ report, including venous stasis and the use of restraints, tobacco and valproic acid. Each of these variables has been shown to increase VTE occurrence. Further controlled studies are necessary to identify the true relationship between antipsychotics and VTEs.
Xenic insurance company: ethical dilemma of an employee
Authors: Garg Naval 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to depict the ethical dilemma of an employee in an insurance company who analyzed the group health policy of a major private telecommunication company. He noticed striking discrepancies and reported the findings to his superior.

Design/methodology/approach
Case study methodology is used for this study.

Findings
This paper reported the ethical dilemma faced by the employee.

Originality/value
This is an original work to the best of the author’s knowledge.
A critical review of non-performing assets in the Indian banking industry
Authors: Agarwala Varuna , Agarwala Nidhi 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe level of non-performing assets (NPAs) best indicates the soundness of the banking sector of a country. The purpose of this study is an effort to look into the contribution of the different banks individually to the NPA in the industry by looking into its growth pattern during the period 2010-2017. Further, the study is made to look into the effect of different groups of banks, namely, State Bank of India (SBI) and its associates, nationalised banks and private sector banks on the banking industry in this regard.Design/methodology/approachThe individual private sector banks, nationalised banks and SBI and its associates have been considered for the purpose of the study. The analysis is based on secondary data collected from the Reserve Bank of India website for the period 2010-2017. The geometric mean has been used as a statistical tool for arriving at the mean growth rate of gross NPAs. Further, refinement of the result is done by comparing the growth of gross NPAs of individual banks with that of the average growth rate.FindingsThe assessment of private sector banks reveals that the growth rate of NPAs is low as compared to the nationalised banks, as well as the SBI and its associates. The nationalised banks and the associate banks of SBI failed to handle the issue of poor loans effectively due to which the growth in such loans has been phenomenally high.Originality/valueThe research is interesting as the study period follows the financial crisis. There is no such previous study that has looked at the perspective of banking from this angle. The research is valuable from two angles. Firstly, it brings to light the situation of the different categories of banks with regard to NPAs. Secondly, the information can be useful for investors as the issue of poor loans is a relevant one for them because it has an impact on the profitability of banks and thereby the future prospects.