bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LC–QTOF–MS‐based metabolite profiling and evaluation of α‐glucosidase inhibitory kinetics of Coccinia grandis fruit
Authors: Chanda Joydeb , Mukherjee Pulok K. , Kar Amit , Maitra Prasanta Kr. , Singha Seha , Halder Pallab Kanti , Gajbhiye Rahul , Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCoccinia grandis is an important food crop of the Cucurbitaceae family, widely used for culinary purposes in India. It is reported to possess hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. The current study was aimed to explore the inhibition kinetics as well as major constituents of the active fraction of C. grandis against α‐glucosidase. The kinetic study was performed through spectrophotometric assay, with p‐nitrophenyl‐α‐d‐glucopyranoside as a substrate with varying concentrations. An in vitro antioxidant study was performed by DPPH assay. In addition, UPLC–QTOF–MS analysis was carried out for metabolite profiling of the bioactive fraction of C. grandis. The results showed that the difference between the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of C. grandis (EFCG) (IC50 2.43 ± 0.27 mg/ml), and standard inhibitor, acarbose (2.08 ± 0.19 mg/ml), was not statistically significant at a P‐value of 0.05. The enzyme kinetics confirmed the inhibition mode in a mixed manner. The EFCG also showed the highest antioxidant activity (101.74 ± 1.95 μg/ml) among all of the fractions. A significant correlation between antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of EFCG was observed. The LC–QTOF–MS study of the EFCG putatively identified 35 metabolites, which may be responsible for its antioxidant and α‐glucosidase inhibitory properties. Thus, C. grandis fruits can serve as a functional food to address diabetes‐related disorders associated with α‐glucosidase.
LCIG in treatment of non‐motor symptoms in advanced Parkinson’s disease: Review of literature
Authors: Kamel Walaa A. , Al‐Hashel Jasem Y. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor managing nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), levodopa–carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion is of interest as it shows lesser plasma fluctuations of both drugs as compared to oral levodopa–carbidopa (LC).ObjectivesTo highlight LCIG effect in NMS among advanced PD patients and appraise the currently available literature.MethodsPubMed screening (till 2020) of 184 articles was done, of which 51 were selected. Among them, 23 original articles relevant to the research question were included, of which 6 were then excluded after careful reading of full articles. The 17 relevant studies of the review provide Grade C level of evidence of efficacy.ResultsLCIG is beneficial in improving or relieving various NMS especially (mood, cognition/memory, sleep, gastrointestinal symptoms, urinary symptoms, and quality of life questionnaires) in patients with advanced PD. Amelioration of motor functions or direct relations may lead to improvement in NMS PD patients using LCIG. Adverse events noted in patients treated with LCIG include pneumoperitoneum, abdominal pain, stoma infection, reversible peripheral neuropathy, local tube problems, impulse control disorder, and weight loss. Serious adverse events were mostly found to be unrelated to LCIG.ConclusionsLCIG provides an uninterrupted intestinal levodopa infusion by percutaneous endoscopic gastrojejunostomy (PEG‐J). It effectively decreases plasma fluctuations of levodopa and reduces motor instability and NMS burden in advanced PD. However, adequate dose modification and individualization of therapy are essential for optimal effect.
A prospective multicenter phase II study on the efficacy and safety of dasatinib in the treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors failed by imatinib and sunitinib and analysis of NGS in peripheral blood
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zhang Xinhua , Wu Xiaojun , Zhou Yongjian , Zhang Bo , Liu Xiufeng , Wu Xin , Li Yan , Shen Lin , Li Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimDasatinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor with multiple targets including kit, PDGFR, and SRC. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of dasatinib as third‐line treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).MethodsThe study enrolled adult patients (≥18 years of age) with histologically confirmed unresectable and/or metastatic GIST whose disease progressed despite imatinib and sunitinib therapy. Dasatinib (50 mg twice daily) was given orally for 1 week and escalated to 70 mg twice daily orally. The primary endpoint was to the 3‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) rate. Blood samples were acquired before dasatinib therapy for examination of gene mutations by next‐generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsFrom May 2016 to June 2018, 58 patients from 9 Chinese medical centers were enrolled in this study. The 3‐month PFS rate was 53.4% and the median overall survival (OS) was 14.0 months. Neither primary nor secondary gene mutations predicted the efficacy of dasatinib. Wild‐type GIST patients had longer PFS (5.5 months). The most common adverse events were anemia, proteinuria, fatigue, neutropenia, and diarrhea. The concordance of KIT/PDGFRA mutation was 61.9% between tissue and peripheral blood samples and additional KIT mutations were detected in the peripheral blood samples in 28.6% of the patients. Some SNV and CNV such as ATRX, TP53, TEKT4, STK11, SDHC, and CDKN2C related to tumor signaling pathways were detected. Patients with TP53 mutations and SDHC and TMEM127 gene copy number loss had longer OS.ConclusionDasatinib has modest antitumor activity with tolerable toxicities in patients with metastatic GISTs who have failed imatinib and sunitinib therapy.
Mystery of the lost gallstone‐Part 1
Authors: Paraskeva Aikaterini , Triantafyllidis Alexandros , Boulas Konstantinos A. , Nathanailidou Maria , Chatzipourganis Konstantinos , Hatzigeorgiadis Anestis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIf gallbladder perforation occurs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, every spilled gallstone should be retrieved to minimize possible late gallstone‐related septic complications.
Spatially Nanoconfined Architectures: A Promising Design for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx
Authors: Li Minhan , Guo Yangyang , Yang Jianping 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNitrogen oxides, including NO and NO2, are notorious air pollutants. The selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3−SCR) is the most widely studied and used technology for NOx removal. The spatially confined architectures in porous materials are promising designs for NH3−SCR catalysts. Porous metal oxides, metal‐based zeolite, and the metal organic frameworks catalysts, featuring active sites disperse in the pores, cavities, and frameworks, are the most widely studied NH3−SCR catalysts. In this review, we review the application of these three typical catalysts for NH3−SCR, emphasizing the spatial confined structure provided by the porous materials.
Spatiotemporal Studies of the One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymer [Fe(ebtz)2(C2H5CN)2](BF4)2: Tug of War between the Nitrile Reorientation Versus Crystal Lattice as a Tool for Tuning the Spin Crossover Properties**
Authors: Książek Maria , Weselski Marek , Kaźmierczak Marcin , Tołoczko Aleksandra , Siczek Miłosz , Durlak Piotr , Wolny Juliusz A. , Schünemann Volker , Kusz Joachim , Bronisz Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReaction of 1,2‐di(tetrazol‐2‐yl)ethane (ebtz) with Fe(BF4)2⋅6 H2O in different nitriles yields one‐dimensional coordination polymers [Fe(ebtz)2(RCN)2](BF4)2⋅nRCN (n=2 for R=CH3 (1) and n=0 for R=C2H5 (2) C3H7 (3), C3H5 (4), CH2Cl (5)) exhibiting spin crossover (SCO). SCO in 1 and 3–5 is complete and occurs above 160 K. In 2, it is shifted to lower temperatures and is accompanied by wide hysteresis (T1/2↓=78 K, T1/2↑=123 K) and proceeds extremely slowly. Isothermal (80 K) time‐resolved single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed a complex nature for the HS→LS transition in 2. An initial, slow stage is associated with shrinkage of polymeric chains and with reduction of volume at 77 % (in relation to the difference between cell volumes VHS−VLS) whereas only 16 % of iron(II) ions change spin state. In the second stage, an abrupt SCO occurs, associated with breathing of the crystal lattice along the direction of the Fe–nitrile bonds, while the nitriles reorient. HS→LS switching triggered by light (808 nm) reveals the coupling of spin state and nitrile orientation. The importance of this coupling was confirmed by studies of [Fe(ebtz)2(C2H5CN/C3H7CN)2](BF4)2 mixed crystals (2 a, 2 b), showing a shift of T1/2 to higher values and narrowing of the hysteresis loop concomitant with an increase of the fraction of butyronitrile. This increase reduces the capability of nitrile molecules to reorient. Density functional theory (DFT) studies of models of 1–5 suggest a particular possibility of 2 to adopt a low (140–145°) value of its Fe‐N‐C(propionitrile) angle.
Enhanced Performance of Zirconium‐Doped Ceria Catalysts for the Methoxycarbonylation of Anilines
Authors: Núñez‐Rico José Luis , Rellán‐Piñeiro Marcos , Puértolas Begoña , Vidal‐Ferran Anton , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Wershofen Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe methoxycarbonylation of anilines stands as an attractive method for the phosgene‐free production of carbamates. Despite the high yields obtained for ceria catalysts, the reduction of the amount of side products and the prevention of catalyst deactivation still represent major hurdles in this chemistry. One advantage of ceria is the possibility of tuning its reactivity by doping its lattice with other metals. In the present work, a series of doped ceria‐based materials, prepared by substitution with metals, are evaluated in the methoxycarbonylation of 2,4‐diaminotoluene with dimethyl carbonate. Among all catalysts, containing Eu, Hf, La, Pr, Sm, Tb, Y or Zr, ceria promoted with 2 mol % Zr exhibited 96 % selectivity towards the desired carbamates, improving the pure CeO2 catalyst. Density functional theory demonstrates that two descriptors are needed: 1) a geometric factor that governs the reduction of energy barriers for carbamate formation through ureas; 2) catalyst basicity as N−H bonds need to be activated. Assessment in subsequent reaction cycles revealed that the CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst is more stable than bulk CeO2, along with the reduction of fouling processes.
Iron‐Catalyzed Primary C—H Amination of Sulfamate Esters and Its Application in Synthesis of Azetidines†
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhong Dayou , Usman Muhammad , Xue Peng , Liu Wen‐Bo 
Published: July 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe direct amination of unactivated primary C—H bonds is extremely challenging due to their inert nature. Herein, we report an intramolecular primary C—H amination of sulfamate esters using an iron catalyst derived from iron(II) triflate and bipyridine. An array of oxathiazinanes were synthesized in moderate to good yields, which were further converted into biologically important azetidines by a one‐pot procedure. This research demonstrates the potential of applying simple nitrogen ligands in iron‐catalyzed C—H functionalization and offers an accessible alternative to state‐of‐the‐art iron‐nitrene chemistry.
Testing for BAP1 loss and CDKN2A/p16 homozygous deletion improves the accurate diagnosis of mesothelial proliferations in effusion cytology
Authors: Chevrier Martin , Monaco Sara E. , Jerome Jacob A. , Galateau‐Salle Francoise , Churg Andrew , Dacic Sanja 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundA number of ancillary tests have been developed that aid in the diagnosis of mesothelioma in cytology specimens. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine whether testing for BAP1 and CDKN2A/p16 status in effusion specimens preceding the tissue diagnosis of mesothelioma would improve diagnostic accuracy and allow an earlier diagnosis of malignancy.MethodsThe study cohort included 99 matched cytology fluid specimens from 74 patients with a surgical specimen diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (67 epithelioid, 7 biphasic, 55 pleural, and 19 peritoneal). BAP1 immunohistochemistry and p16 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed retrospectively.ResultsBAP1 or p16 FISH testing revealed a loss in 7 of 18 (39%) samples originally categorized as benign/reactive, 20 of 33 (61%) interpretable samples categorized as atypical, and 10 of 14 (71%) cases suspicious for mesothelioma. In some cases, the diagnosis of mesothelioma could have been made up to 9 months before biopsy. Similarly, loss of BAP1 or p16 was found in 28 of 30 (93%) samples categorized as malignant, with some cases diagnosable up to 6 months before biopsy. Overall, loss of BAP1 and/or CDKN2A/p16 homozygous deletion would change the diagnostic interpretation in 37 of 60 (62%) (P = .07) effusion specimens, particularly in pleural effusions (32 of 48 samples) (P = .002). The sensitivity of morphologic interpretation alone was 30.3%; however, adding testing for BAP1 and p16 resulted in an increase in sensitivity to 68.7%. (P < .0001).ConclusionThese findings suggest that routine use of BAP1 immunochemistry and p16 FISH as adjunctive tests improves the diagnostic accuracy of cytology specimens and potentially allows an earlier diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.
Projections from the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to hypothalamic nuclei in the mouse
Authors: Barbier Marie , González J. Antonio , Houdayer Christophe , Burdakov Denis , Risold Pierre‐Yves , Croizier Sophie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs stressful environment is a potent modulator of feeding, we seek in the present work to decipher the neuroanatomical basis for an interplay between stress and feeding behaviors. For this, we combined anterograde and retrograde tracing with immunohistochemical approaches to investigate the patterns of projections between the dorsomedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), well connected to the amygdala, and hypothalamic structures such as the paraventricular (PVH) and dorsomedial (DMH), the arcuate (ARH) nuclei and the lateral hypothalamic areas (LHA) known to control feeding and motivated behaviors. We particularly focused our study on afferences to proopiomelanocortin (POMC), agouti‐related peptide (AgRP), melanin‐concentrating‐hormone (MCH) and orexin (ORX) neurons characteristics of the ARH and the LHA, respectively. We found light to intense innervation of all these hypothalamic nuclei. We particularly showed an innervation of POMC, AgRP, MCH and ORX neurons by the dorsomedial and dorsolateral divisions of the BNST. Therefore, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the neuroanatomical basis of the stress‐related feeding behaviors.
The Role of Ceria in a Hybrid Catalyst toward Alkaline Water Oxidation
Authors: Yu Jun , Wang Zheng , Wang Jian , Zhong Wenhua , Ju Min , Cai Rongming , Qiu Chen , Long Xia , Yang Shihe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCeria‐based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have received keen interest in recent years owing to their potential excellent cost performance. However, despite a flurry of research activities, the mechanism on how ceria activates those hybrid catalysts is still puzzling. Herein, by controllably modifying the oxidation state of Ce in ceria, it was revealed that creating Ce3+ species, which are redox‐coupled to Ce4+ under OER conditions, could enhance the conductivity and optimize the OH* binding, leading to greatly improved OER activity of the catalysts. More importantly, the ceria‐based hybrid catalysts also exhibited excellent long‐term stability even when operating at a high current density of 50 mA cm−2 in the strong alkaline electrolyte of 6 m KOH for more than 50 h. This work unveils the underlying role of ceria in improving the activity/stability of ceria‐based catalysts and opens the way to design and fabricate ceria‐based electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Ion acoustic solitary waves in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas with Tsallis distributed electrons
Authors: Ullah Ghufran , Saleem Muhammad , Khan Mohsin , Khalid Muhammad , Rahman Ata‐ur , Nabi Sardar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe propagation of ion acoustic (IA) solitary waves is investigated in a magnetized electron‐positron‐ion (EPI) plasma with Tsalli distributed electrons and Maxwellian positrons. A non‐linear Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)‐type equation is derived for the potential by using the reductive perturbation method (RPM), and its solitary wave solution is analysed. For a given set of plasma parameters, the present model supports only compressive IA solitary structures. It is found that the variation of various relevant plasma parameters, like the nonextensive parameter q, temperature ratio σ, direction cosine lz, the positron concentration γ and the magnetic field strength Ω significantly alter the characteristic properties of IA solitary waves.
NAFLDin type 2 diabetes mellitus: Still many challenging questions
Authors: Cernea Simona , Raz Itamar 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEpidemiologic data consistently show that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including advanced fibrosis, is double compared to the general population, and it associates with high risk of liver‐related morbidity (advanced fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma) and mortality, but also with other systemic consequences, such as cardiovascular (CV) disease, chronic kidney disease, and overall mortality. There are still many answers that need to be clarified regarding NAFLD in T2DM, including deciphering the complex pathogenetic mechanisms, the intertwined relationships with the extrahepatic organs and tissues (mainly heart, kidneys, adipose tissue, gut), the prognostic value of NAFLD for CV risk stratification, and more importantly, what would be the most appropriate screening algorithm, diagnostic method and therapeutic approach. We advocate here for proactive action, in order to identify NAFLD in a timely manner, and suggest a simple algorithm to be used in clinical practice, based on risk stratification and on experts' opinions. We discuss the current therapeutic options for NAFLD in T2DM, for which a multifactorial approach is needed, that concomitantly addresses the liver and the cardio‐reno‐metabolic disturbances.
Congruence, but no cascade—Pelagic biodiversity across three trophic levels in Nordic lakes
Authors: Andersen Tom , Hessen Dag O. , Håll Johnny P. , Khomich Maryia , Kyle Marcia , Lindholm Markus , Rasconi Serena , Skjelbred Birger , Thrane Jan‐Erik , Walseng Bjørn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCovariation in species richness and community structure across taxonomical groups (cross‐taxon congruence) has practical consequences for the identification of biodiversity surrogates and proxies, as well as theoretical ramifications for understanding the mechanisms maintaining and sustaining biodiversity. We found there to exist a high cross‐taxon congruence between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish in 73 large Scandinavian lakes across a 750 km longitudinal transect. The fraction of the total diversity variation explained by local environment alone was small for all trophic levels while a substantial fraction could be explained by spatial gradient variables. Almost half of the explained variation could not be resolved between local and spatial factors, possibly due to confounding issues between longitude and landscape productivity. There is strong consensus that the longitudinal gradient found in the regional fish community results from postglacial dispersal limitations, while there is much less evidence for the species richness and community structure gradients at lower trophic levels being directly affected by dispersal limitation over the same time scale. We found strong support for bidirectional interactions between fish and zooplankton species richness, while corresponding interactions between phytoplankton and zooplankton richness were much weaker. Both the weakening of the linkage at lower trophic levels and the bidirectional nature of the interaction indicates that the underlying mechanism must be qualitatively different from a trophic cascade.
Evolution and maintenance of microbe‐mediated protection under occasional pathogen infection
Authors: Kloock Anke , Bonsall Michael B. , King Kayla C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvery host is colonized by a variety of microbes, some of which can protect their hosts from pathogen infection. However, pathogen presence naturally varies over time in nature, such as in the case of seasonal epidemics. We experimentally coevolved populations of Caenorhabditis elegans worm hosts with bacteria possessing protective traits (Enterococcus faecalis), in treatments varying the infection frequency with pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus every host generation, alternating host generations, every fifth host generation, or never. We additionally investigated the effect of initial pathogen presence at the formation of the defensive symbiosis. Our results show that enhanced microbe‐mediated protection evolved during host‐protective microbe coevolution when faced with rare infections by a pathogen. Initial pathogen presence had no effect on the evolutionary outcome of microbe‐mediated protection. We also found that protection was only effective at preventing mortality during the time of pathogen infection. Overall, our results suggest that resident microbes can be a form of transgenerational immunity against rare pathogen infection.
Novel oral anticoagulant vs. warfarin in elderly atrial fibrillation patients with normal, mid‐range, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Wu Victor Chien‐Chia , Wang Chun‐Li , Lee Cheng‐Hung , Chen Yu‐Ling , Tu Hui‐Tzu , Wu Michael , Kuo Chang‐Fu , Chen Shao‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Tung , Wen Ming‐Shien , Chang Shang‐Hung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsPatients with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) have poor prognosis. Outcomes of novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC) in elderly AF patients with normal, mid‐range, and reduced LVEF were investigated.Methods and resultsData were retrieved from Chang Gung Research Database during 2010–2017 for patients with AF. We excluded patients with venous thromboembolism within 6 months, total knee/hip replacement and heart valve replacement within 6 months, end‐stage renal disease, stroke/systemic embolism (SE)/death within 7 days, age <65 years old, or no records of LVEF. Primary outcomes were ischaemic stroke (IS)/SE, major bleeding, and death from any cause. There was a total of 50 035 elderly AF patients retrieved. After exclusion criteria, 9615 patients with normal LVEF ≥ 50%, 737 with mid‐range LVEF 41–49%, and 908 with reduced LVEF ≤ 40% were studied. At end of follow‐up, patients on NOAC had significantly reduced IS/SE compared with warfarin in LVEF ≥ 50% [adjusted hazard ration (aHR) 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.89] and LVEF 41–49% (aHR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.88) after adjusting for covariates, while there was no difference in LVEF ≤ 40%. Patients on NOAC had significantly reduced major bleeding in all LVEF groups. In addition, patients on NOAC had significantly reduced death compared with warfarin in LVEF ≥ 50% (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67–0.98).ConclusionsIn elderly AF patients ≥65 years, using NOAC was associated with lower IS/SE compared with warfarin in normal and mid‐range LVEF but not in reduced LVEF. Using NOACs was associated with lower death compared with warfarin in normal LVEF.