bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Supplementation of Black Rice Anthocyanin Extract Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Improves Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High‐Fat and Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Dong , Ji Yanglin , Liu Yaojie , Xu Lin , Guo Yatu 
Published: February 2020

ScopeThis study explores the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) on cholesterol metabolism and gut dysbiosis.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice are grouped into the normal chow diet group (NCD), the high‐fat and the cholesterol diet group (HCD), and three treatment groups feeding HCD supplemented with various dosage of BRAE for 12 weeks. Results reveal that BRAE alleviates the increased body weight, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (non‐HDL‐C), and increased fecal sterols excretion and caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in HCD‐induced hypercholesterolemic mice. Moreover, BRAE decreases hepatic TC content through the fundamental regulation of body energy balance gene, adenosine 5′‐monophosphate activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). Meanwhile, BRAE improves the genes expression involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux, and preserves CYP7A1, ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8 mRNA expression, and the relative abundance of gut microbiota. Additionally, the antibiotic treatment experiment indicates that the beneficial effects of BRAE in reducing hypocholesterolemia risk largely depends on the gut microbiota homeostasis.ConclusionBRAE supplement could be a beneficial treatment option for preventing HCD‐induced hypocholesterolemia and related metabolic syndromes.
Evaluation of the Metabotype Concept Identified in an Irish Population in the German KORA Cohort Study
Authors: Riedl Anna , Hillesheim Elaine , Wawro Nina , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Roden Michael , Kronenberg Florian , Herder Christian , Rathmann Wolfgang , Völzke Henry , Reincke Martin , Koenig Wolfgang , Wallaschofski Henri , Daniel Hannelore , Hauner Hans , Brennan Lorraine , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: February 2020

ScopePrevious work identified three metabolically homogeneous subgroups of individuals (“metabotypes”) using k‐means cluster analysis based on fasting serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose. The aim is to reproduce these findings and describe metabotype groups by dietary habits and by incident disease occurrence.Methods and results1744 participants from the KORA F4 study and 2221 participants from the KORA FF4 study are assigned to the three metabotype clusters previously identified by minimizing the Euclidean distances. In both KORA studies, the assignment of participants results in three metabolically distinct clusters, with cluster 3 representing the group of participants with the most unfavorable metabolic characteristics. Individuals of cluster 3 are further characterized by the highest incident disease occurrence during follow‐up; they also reveal the most unfavorable diet with significantly lowest intakes of vegetables, dairy products, and fibers, and highest intakes of total, red, and processed meat.ConclusionThe three metabotypes originally identified in an Irish population are successfully reproduced. In addition to this validation approach, the observed differences in disease incidence across metabotypes represent an important new finding that strongly supports the metabotyping approach as a tool for risk stratification.
Error‐controlled implicit time integration of elasto‐visco‐plastic constitutive models for rock salt
Authors: Zhang Ning , Nagel Thomas 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe mechanical behavior of rock salt is rate‐dependent at different time scales. Using caverns in rock salt formations for renewable energy storage implies that the underground structures are subjected to both short‐term and long‐term loads, increasing robustness and flexibility requirements for numerical simulators used to assess the safety of such structures. So far, explicit time integration with model‐specific heuristics for time‐step size determination dominate in application studies. In this paper, the suitability of error‐controlled adaptive time‐integration schemes of the diagonally implicit Runge‐Kutta type is investigated in comparison with the Backward Euler and Crank‐Nicolson schemes when applied to the integration of typical elasto‐visco‐plastic constitutive models of rock salt. The comparison is made both for monotonic and for cyclic loads as well as taking account of thermo‐mechanical coupling. Analyses of the time‐integration errors and the time step‐size evolution show the suitability of the integration scheme for these material models. The automatic adjustment of the time‐step size was found to be robust across all material models and boundary conditions as well as for non‐isothermal situations for a single algorithmic parameter set.
A coupled time integration algorithm for discontinuous deformation analysis using the numerical manifold method
Authors: Qu Xiaolei , Ma Guowei , Qi Chengzhi , Dyskin Arcady V. , Xia Chen 
Published: February 2020

SummaryTo improve the computational efficiency of the numerical manifold method for discontinuous deformation simulations, a spatial‐domain coupled explicit‐implicit time integration algorithm is proposed. A subdomain partition algorithm based on a super manifold element is developed for the numerical manifold method to simulate dynamic motions of blocky rock mass. In different subdomains, explicit or implicit time integration method is employed respectively based on its contact and motion status. These subdomains interact through assembling the corresponding explicit or implicit time integration‐based matrices of different rock blocks. The computational efficiency of the discontinuity system under dynamic loading is improved by partially diagonalizing the global matrices. Two verification examples of a sliding block along an inclined plane under a horizontal acceleration excitation and a multiblock system acted on by dynamic forces are studied to examine the accuracy of the proposed numerical method, respectively. A highly fractured rock mass situated on an inclined slope subjected to seismic excitations is then studied to show the computational efficiency of the developed algorithm. The simulated results are in good agreement with those from the versions using purely implicit or explicit time integration algorithm for the numerical manifold method. The computational efficiency is shown to be higher using the proposed algorithm, which demonstrates its potential for application in dynamic analysis of highly fractured rock masses.
Factors Associated with Endocrine Therapy Non‐Adherence in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Spencer Jennifer C. , Reeve Bryce B. , Troester Melissa A. , Wheeler Stephanie B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundFor women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer, long‐term endocrine therapy (ET) can greatly reduce the risk of recurrence, yet adherence is low‐ particularly among traditionally underserved populations.MethodsThe Carolina Breast Cancer Study oversampled Black and young women (<50 years of age). Participants answered an ET‐specific medication adherence questionnaire assessing reasons for non‐adherence. We used principal factor analysis to identify latent factors describing ET non‐adherence. We then performed multivariable regression to determine clinical and demographic characteristics associated with each ET non‐adherence factor.Results1,231 women were included in analysis, 59% reported at least one barrier to ET adherence. We identified three latent factors which we defined as: habit ‐ challenges developing medication‐taking behavior; tradeoffs ‐ high perceived side effect burden and medication safety concerns; and resource barriers ‐ challenges related to cost or accessibility. Older age (50+) was associated with less reporting of habit (Adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) 0.54[95% CI: 0.43‐0.69] and resource barriers (aRR 0.66[0.43‐0.997]), but was not associated with tradeoff barriers. Medicaid‐insured women were more likely than privately‐insured to report tradeoff (aRR:1.53 [1.10‐2.13]) or resource barriers (aRR:4.43[2.49‐6.57]). Black race was associated with increased reporting of all factors (habit: aRR 1.29[1.09‐1.53]; tradeoffs: 1.32[1.09‐1.60], resources: 1.65[1.18‐2.30]).ConclusionBarriers to ET adherence were described by three distinct factors, and strongly associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Barriers to ET adherence appear inadequately addressed for younger, Black, and publicly‐insured breast cancer survivors. These findings underscore the importance of developing multi‐faceted, patient‐centered interventions that address a diverse range of barriers to ET adherence.
Impact Initiated Combustion of Channel Gunpowder in Liquid
Authors: Ganigin Sergey Y. , Demoretsky Dmitry A. , Samarin Alexey Y. , Murzin Andrey Y. , Rakhmanin Oleg S. , Grechukhina Maria S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe paper deals with the competing models of internal surfaces heating of gunpowder elements channels in a liquid under impact compression. The first model is based on impact volume compression of the air in the channels at impact, and the second model is based on the action of shear stresses arising due to viscous friction of a liquid flowing in the channels under the influence of external pressure. The paper presents experimental data on the character of ignition site in the channels based on the assessment of artillery pyroxylin powder 12/7 sensitivity equivalent to the impact drop‐hammer.
Current and future spatial assessment of biological control as a mechanism to reduce economic losses and carbon emissions: the case of Solanum sisymbriifolium in Africa
Authors: Alaniz Alberto J , Núñez‐Hidalgo Ignacio , Carvajal Mario A , Alvarenga Thiago M , Gómez‐Cantillana Paulina , Vergara Pablo M 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSolanum sisymbriifolium is a native plant of South America introduced into Africa, which has detrimental effects on crop yields, and on the environment due to weed control treatment by burning. In South America, S. sisymbriifolium is naturally controlled by the beetle Gratiana spadicea, making this a potential option for its control in Africa. Here, we aim to generate current and future scenarios for the introduction of G. spadicea as a biocontrol agent in Africa, analysing: (i) current and future effective biocontrol areas; (ii) potentially avoided economic losses (AEL), and chemical control costs and savings; and (iii) avoided carbon emissions (ACE) associated with the non‐burning of crop fields. We combine species distribution models (SDM) with land cover maps to estimate current and future effective biocontrol considering Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios. We then estimate AEL and ACE using biocontrol, and chemical control costs and savings.RESULTSThe effective biocontrol area reached 392 405 km2 in 18 countries, representing 40% of potentially affected croplands. Climate change induced a decrease in affected croplands and effective biocontrol. The estimated AEL reached US$45 447.2 ± 5617.3 billion distributed across 16 countries, while the estimated chemical control costs and savings reached US$1988.5 billion and 1411.8 billion, respectively. Potential ACE reached 36.3 ± 5.4 Tg.CONCLUSIONSOur study provides evidence for the potential benefits of biological controllers on economic losses and carbon emissions, which can be incorporated into sustainable development in low‐income countries.
Characterizing physical habitat preferences and thermal refuge occupancy of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at high river temperatures
Authors: Wilbur Nathan M. , O'Sullivan Antóin M. , MacQuarrie Kerry T. B. , Linnansaari Tommi , Curry R. Allen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic influences, including climate change, are increasing river temperatures in northern and temperate regions and threatening the thermal habitats of native salmonids. When river temperatures exceed the tolerance levels of brook trout and Atlantic salmon, individuals exhibit behavioural thermoregulation by seeking out cold‐water refugia – often created by tributaries and groundwater discharge. Thermal infrared (TIR) imagery was used to map cold‐water anomalies along a 53 km reach of the Cains River, New Brunswick. Trout and salmon parr did not use all identified thermal anomalies as refugia during higher river temperature periods (>21°C). Most small‐bodied trout (8–30 cm) were observed in 80% of the thermal anomalies sampled. Large‐bodied trout (>35 cm) required a more specific set of physical habitat conditions for suitable refugia, that is, 100% of observed large trout used 30% of the anomalies sampled and required water depths >65 cm within or adjacent to the anomaly. Densities of trout were significantly higher within anomalies compared with areas of ambient river temperature. Salmon parr were less aligned with thermal anomalies at the observed temperatures, that is, 59% were found in 65% of the sampled anomalies; and densities were not significantly different within/ outside anomalies. Salmon parr appeared to aggregate at 27°C, and after several events over 27°C variability in aggregation behaviour was observed – some fish aggregated at 25°C, others did not. We stipulate this is due to variances of thermal fatigue. Habitat suitability curves were developed for velocity, temperature, depth, substrate, and deep water availability to characterize conditions preferred by fish during high‐temperature events. These findings are useful for managers as our climate warms, and can potentially be used as a tool to help conserve and enhance thermal refugia for brook trout and Atlantic salmon in similar systems.
Gas‐Diffusivity based characterization of aggregated agricultural soils
Authors: Jayarathne J. R. R. N. , Chamindu Deepagoda T. K. K. , Clough Timothy J. , Nasvi M.C.M. , Thomas Steve , Elberling Bo , Smits Kathleen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrazed pastures and cultivated fields are significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, in particular N2O emissions derived from fertilizer deposition and animal excreta. Net surface emissions rely on subsurface gas transfer controlled mainly by diffusion, expressed as the soil‐gas diffusivity (Dp/Do). The value of Dp/Do is a function of soil air‐filled porosity (ε) and gaseous phase tortuosity (Ʈ), both of which vary with soil physical properties including soil texture and structure. Agricultural soils are often structurally aggregated and characterized by two distinct regions (inter‐ and intra‐aggregated pores), however, such soils are subjected to frequent compaction and tillage resulting in alteration to structural arrangement. In this study, a comparative analysis between the Currie (1960) and Taylor (1949) methods was performed to provide a computational insight into selecting an appropriate method for calculating Dp/Do in agricultural soils. Currie's (1960) method was chosen for further analysis of the soils in this study. Results show that the Dp/Do in aggregated soil cannot be expressed using a simple linear, power law or combined linear and power law functions due to the presence of two‐region characteristics. A new “Two‐Region model” was developed to parameterize the Dp/Do of aggregated soils, and tested against repacked samples from two Sri Lankan agricultural soils. This Two‐Region model clearly distinguished tortuosity effects on gas movement with respect to density and textural variations within and between aggregates and outperformed previous models. The fitting parameters (α1, α2, β1 and β2) varied correspondingly with soil density, and the weighting factor (w) clearly distinguished the boundary between the two regions (inter‐ and intra‐aggregates) of structured soils. The model developed will be of interest to those seeking to model the diffusion of GHG emissions and gas exchange between the atmosphere and soils.
Palladium Acetate and Pd Nanoparticles Loaded Hexamethylenetetramine Anchored Magnetically Retrievable Assemblies for Catalyzing Mizoroki‐Heck Type Mono and Gem‐Dicoupling Reactions
Authors: Rathod Prakash B. , Kumar K. S. Ajish , Kumar Mukesh , Debnath A. K. , Pandey Ashok K. , Athawale Anjali A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFe3O4 nanoparticles have been covalently coated and chemically modified to anchor hexamethylenetetramine (Fe3O4@HMTA) for hosting Pd catalysts such as palladium acetate and palladium nanoparticles. Thus prepared nanocatalyst assemblies have been extensively characterized for their chemical, physical, thermal and magnetic properties. The turnover number and turnover frequency of these catalysts in a model Mizoroki‐Heck coupling reaction involving 3‐acrylomorpholine and iodobenzene with a base as solvent are found to be 186 and 46 h−1, respectively, which are better than that reported in literature. This was attributed to synergistic effect of local basic environment of HMTA rich in tertiary nitrogen content. Gem‐dicoupled products are formed when reactions are performed in the presence of 1 equivalent of acrylate and 2.1 equivalents of aryl iodide, and gem‐hetero‐dicoupled product is obtained when reaction is performed in sequential manner. The mechanisms of the formation of the gem‐homo‐dicoupled and gem‐hetero‐dicoupled products have been elucidated by using the results obtained from NMR and single crystal X‐ray crystallography studies.
A New Fluorescent Sensor for Fe3+ Based on Glycoluril Molecular Clip
Authors: Yan Qiaoli , Liu Wenjin , Wen Hongliang , Zhibin Xu , Meng Zihui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe application of fluorescent method to metal ions detection features high sensitivity, simple operation and real‐time monitoring. A 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene‐functionalized dimethyl glycoluril (called clip 1) was synthesized, using a relatively simple method. And it is fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR‐MS and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The recognition properties of molecular clip 1 were analyzed systematically toward several metal ions using fluorescence spectroscopy, and it was found that molecular clip 1 is selective and sensitive to Fe3+. At the same time, the clip 1 shows good anti‐interference ability when other metal ions existed. The limit detection of Fe3+ is 3×10−7M. The fluorescence of clip 1 was quenched apparently by Fe3+, which was speculated to be caused by ligand–metal charge transfer mechanism (LMCT). As a new fluorescence probe for Fe3+ ion, it may expanded the application of glycoluril molecular clips.
LPG Direct Synthesis from Syngas over a Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3@H‐β Zeolite Capsule Catalyst Prepared by a Facile Physical Method
Authors: Du Ce , Hondo Emmerson , Gapu Chizema Linet , Shen Dongming , Ma Qingxiang , Yan Xiao , Mo Shuting , Lu Peng , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLiquid Petroleum Gas has recently captured great attention worldwide due to the escalating demand for non‐oil eco‐friendly fuel resources. However, the catalytic synthesis process still possesses some thermodynamic and raw material conversion flaws, in addition to unfavorable occurrence of side reactions. Herein, we present an advanced core‐shell hybrid catalyst, facilely prepared by the physical coating method, promoting not only high product yield, but also effectively eliminating design limitations accrued on employing the hydrothermal synthesis technique. The designed capsule catalyst, named CZZA@H‐β‐P‐3, has Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 (CZZA) catalyst as core and H‐β zeolite as shell. CZZA@H‐β‐P‐3 capsule catalyst was then used for direct synthesis of liquefied petroleum gas from syngas. A general mixture catalyst, Mix‐CZZA−H‐β, was used for comparison under same conditions. XRD, SEM‐EDS and NH3‐TPD characterization techniques were utilized to probe the extrinsic/intrinsic properties of the as‐prepared catalysts. CZZA@H‐β‐P‐3 exhibited excellent activity, in comparison. At optimal conditions, CZZA@H‐β‐P‐3 increased CO conversion from 40.94 % to 54.8 %, and LPG selectivity from 17.01 % to 26.04 %. Dimethyl ether (DME) selectivity decreased to zero. The excellent catalytic activity displayed on CZZA@H‐β‐P‐3 capsule catalyst was credited to the special core‐shell structure constructed from highly synergetic materials with a confined reaction affection, which uniquely accelerated syngas conversion to LPG.
Acylruthenium Complexes from Reactions of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Sha Yuzhuo , Bai Wei , Zhou Yan , Jiang Jingyang , Ju Xianchun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReactions of 1‐phenylethyne HC≡C−Ph and 1‐octyne HC≡C‐(CH2)5CH3 with RuCl2(PPh3)3 (1) were carried out in the presence of concentrated HCl aqueous solution, and new acyl complexes Ru(=C=CHPh)(‐C(=O)CH2Ph)Cl(PPh3)2 (2) and Ru(‐C(=O)(CH2)6CH3)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (3) are isolated. Further decarbonylation produces Ru(‐C(CH2Ph)=CHPh)Cl(CO)(PPh3)2 (4) and RuHCl(CO)2(PPh3)2 (5), respectively. These are the first examples of stoichiometric anti‐Markovnikov hydration of terminal alkynes involving complexes without polydentate ligands.
Realizing Stable Artificial Photon Energy Harvesting Based on Perovskite Solar Cells for Diverse Applications
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Deng Kaimo , Jiang Yu , Ni Jiangfeng , Xiong Jie , Li Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs the fastest developing photovoltaic device, perovskite solar cells have achieved an extraordinary power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.3% under AM 1.5 illumination. However, few studies have been devoted to perovskite solar cells harvesting artificial light, owing to the great challenge in the simultaneous manipulation of bandgap‐adjustable perovskite materials, corresponding matched energy band structure of carrier transport materials, and interfacial defects. Herein, through systematic morphology, composition, and energy band engineering, high‐quality Cs0.05MA0.95PbBrxI3−xperovskite as the light absorber and NbyTi1−yO2(Nb:TiO2) as the electron transport material with an ideal energy band alignment are obtained simultaneously. The theoretical‐limit‐approaching record PCEs of 36.3% (average: 34.0 ± 1.2%) under light‐emitting diode (LED, warm white) and 33.2% under fluorescent lamp (cold white) are achieved simultaneously, as well as a PCE of 19.5% (average: 18.9 ± 0.3%) under solar illumination. An integrated energy conversion and storage system based on an artificial light response solar cell and sodium‐ion battery is established for diverse practical applications, including a portable calculator, quartz clock, and even environmental monitoring equipment. Over a week of stable operation shows its great practical potential and provides a new avenue to promote the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaic devices via integration with ingenious electronic devices.
Solid Additives for Improving the Performance of Sulfur Cathodes in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries—Adsorbents, Mediators, and Catalysts
Authors: Ye Hualin , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, with high theoretical energy density and the low cost of sulfur, have the most appeal as the successor to lithium‐ion batteries. Their performance to date is however undermined by the redox shuttling of dissolved polysulfides between the cathode and anode during battery cycling. Though substantial improvements are made with the use of solid additives, which are described in the literature as adsorbents, mediators, or catalysts for the sulfur cathodes, it is still a challenge to differentiate the specific functions suggested by their names due to the incomplete understanding of the 16‐electron sulfur electrochemical reaction. Here the research on solid additives in the development timeline of Li–S batteries is reviewed, and some perspectives on the deployment method are provided which can optimize the performance of solid additives (catalysts, in particular) in Li–S batteries.