bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Modification of Polyethylene Using Soil Fungus With Dichlorophenol‐Degrading Ability and Analysis of its Surface Characteristics
Authors: Nakago Tomoya , Takahashi Mizuki , Oyama Yumi , Ogawa Tomohiro , Shiraishi Kohei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe surface of polyethylene (PE) plastic bags was modified by a dichlorophenol (DCP)‐degrading soil fungus: Mortierella sp., zygomycete fungus. The modified surface was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), water drop contact angle measurements, and fluorescence analysis. In the presence of the fungus, the PE plastic bag samples showed improved hydrophilic properties as a result of OH‐group modification. AFM height and phase images showed that the elastic modulus of the PE plastic bag surface increased when the fungus was present. The results showing that the change in the elastic modulus of the PE plastic bag samples was not proportional to their hydrophilicity, suggests that the modification of OH groups and the formation of C–C cross‐linked structures occur in a competitive manner.
Doctoral students' well‐being through the lens of social practice theory: An auto‐photography study
Authors: Joseph‐Richard Paul , McCray Janet 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore doctoral students' (DS) perceptions of social practices that contribute to their well‐being. Utilising social practice theory, specifically the framework of social practices as an interplay of ‘materials’, ‘meanings’ and ‘competences’, we examine which social practices enhance DS well‐being and the contexts in which these practices occur. We employ an auto‐photography methodology. Twelve UK‐based DS took photographs of places that relate to their well‐being and participated in interviews to explain their photos. On completing a three‐stage data analytic procedure, our findings show that DS well‐being is shaped by social practices shared between students and supervisors, where informal settings and the significance of place play a crucial role. We demonstrate that such settings, both on and off campus, act as facilitators for the performance of well‐being‐enhancing practices. Instead of solely attributing DS well‐being to micro‐level individual choices or macro‐level institutional factors, as is often conceptualised, we propose that scholars must focus on the dynamic interplay of social practices that shape DS well‐being. By demonstrating how social practices connect micro‐level experiences with macro‐level structures, we provide a deeper understanding of what shapes well‐being and highlight the essential role of place. Understanding these practices can inform targeted interventions and policies, ultimately enhancing well‐being among doctoral students.
Horst Oertel and the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology: Impacts on vital statistics and the origins of the short‐lived heyday of autopsies in America
Authors: Wright James R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHorst Oertel was an early 20th century pathologist who began his career as an instructor of clinical pathology at the New York University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1899. In 1903, he was appointed pathologist for City Hospital, an institution for indigent patients on New York City's Blackwell's Island. In 1907, Oertel became the first director of the Russell Sage Institute of Pathology, a unique new blended public‐private entity based at City Hospital, that was named after a wealthy benefactor. The Institute was established to utilize the Island's indigent population to perform anatomical pathology research on diseases of aging. Oertel and the Institute thrived until 1911, when a newly‐appointed New York City bureaucrat seeking patronage and graft began meddling in the Institute's governance. After press coverage of a vitriolic one‐week‐long exchange of charges and counter‐charges between the Institute's Board of Directors and the bureaucrat, the Institute imploded. While these events meant that the Institute's tenure on Blackwell's Island would soon be coming to an end, Oertel continued to work and submit articles from the Institute throughout 1912. In May 1913, he published “The Inaccuracy of American Mortality Statistics” in American Underwriter, a bombshell article documenting low autopsy rates and high clinical diagnostic error rates at Bellevue Hospital during 1912. This, along with similar studies by Richard Cabot at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, highlighted fundamental problems in hospital care and medical education across America. Simultaneously, Oertel led the Public Health, Hospital and Budget Committee of the New York Academy of Medicine which reported that, in a selected series of large American hospitals, the autopsy percentage when compared to the number of deaths was one‐eighth the rates in Canada, Great Britain, Austria, and Germany. This paper addresses how American autopsy rates skyrocketed and then plummeted again during the mid‐20th century.
Summary of Evidence on Nutritional Management for Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Dan Xin , He Ya‐Lin , Tian Ya‐Lin , Chen Tang‐Lin , Yu Jia‐Yi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis paper aims to consolidate the most robust evidence on nutritional strategies for patients undergoing chemotherapy, offering evidence‐based guidance for clinical practice. The review highlights critical evidence gaps in nutritional therapy for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients undergoing systemic therapy, integrating findings from both prospective and retrospective studies.MethodAccording to the “6S” evidence resource pyramid model, clinical decision‐making tools, guidelines, expert consensus, and systematic reviews on nutritional management for chemotherapy patients were systematically retrieved from national and international databases. The methodological quality of the selected literature was evaluated using AGREE II for guidelines, the JBI Evidence‐Based Healthcare Center's standards for systematic reviews, and expert consensus developed by evidence‐based practice experts.ResultsA total of 47 articles were analyzed, consisting of 12 guidelines, 12 expert consensus statements, and 23 systematic reviews. The findings were categorized into five dimensions: interdisciplinary collaboration, nutritional screening and assessment, nutritional requirements, nutritional therapy, and discharge and follow‐up, resulting in the identification of 62 pieces of relevant evidence.ConclusionsThe study provides comprehensive, evidence‐based recommendations for nutritional management in chemotherapy patients. Application of the evidence should be adapted to specific clinical scenarios, patient conditions, preferences, and expert judgment to ensure both feasibility and relevance in clinical practice.ContributionsThis review consolidates diverse nutritional management strategies into a unified framework, addressing evidence gaps in AGC under systemic therapy. Integrating prospective and retrospective studies with interdisciplinary insights provides evidence‐based recommendations to enhance patient care through personalized and standardized approaches.
Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension
Authors: Cornelius Ryan J. , Maeoka Yujiro , Shinde Ujwal , McCormick James A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The rare disease Familial Hyperkalemic Hypertension (FHHt) is caused by mutations in the genes encoding Cullin 3 (CUL3), Kelch‐Like 3 (KLHL3), and two members of the With‐No‐Lysine [K] (WNK) kinase family, WNK1 and WNK4. In the kidney, these mutations ultimately cause hyperactivation of NCC along the renal distal convoluted tubule. Hypertension results from increased NaCl retention, and hyperkalemia by impaired K
+
secretion by downstream nephron segments. CUL3 and KLHL3 are now known to form a ubiquitin ligase complex that promotes proteasomal degradation of WNK kinases, which activate downstream kinases that phosphorylate and thus activate NCC. For CUL3, potent effects on the vasculature that contribute to the more severe hypertensive phenotype have also been identified. Here we outline the
in vitro
and
in vivo
studies that led to the discovery of the molecular pathways regulating NCC and vascular tone, and how FHHt‐causing mutations disrupt these pathways. Potential mechanisms for variability in disease severity related to differential effects of each mutation on the kidney and vasculature are described, and other possible effects of the mutant proteins beyond the kidney and vasculature are explored. © 2024 American Physiological Society.
Compr Physiol
14:5839‐5874, 2024.
Fish Gut Metabarcoding Detects Diets and Parasites Simultaneously
Authors: Rijal Dilli Prasad , Arneberg Per , Hanebrekke Tanja , Johansen Torild , Sint Daniela , Traugott Michael , Skern‐Mauritzen Mette , Westgaard Jon‐Ivar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the dietary habits and trophic niches of species is crucial for the conservation and management of species and ecosystems. Science‐based fisheries management requires large‐scale data of prey and parasites of fish species that enables the analysis of multitrophic interactions in an ecosystem. Using one of the commercially exploited beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) from the Barents Sea, our study aims to understand its diet composition and parasites. We used 12S and COI markers to analyze the stomach and intestine contents of uncleaned, water‐cleaned, and bleach‐cleaned fish samples to also trace how external contamination affects diet analysis of fishes. We detected 19 potential prey taxa each of vertebrates and invertebrates from the guts of beaked redfish. While invertebrates were the major food source of redfish, our analysis indicated only two taxa of vertebrates that significantly contributed to the diet composition. In addition, we also detected two jellyfish species which were among the dominant prey taxa. Several parasites that have been frequently reported from redfish by visual examination were also detected by metabarcoding of gut contents. As in metabarcoding studies in general, it is important to build the reference libraries of fish parasites to fully harness the power of molecular approaches in achieving multi‐trophic interactions. We underscore that metabarcoding captures both the common prey as well as delicate taxa which may not be available for visual examinations such as jellyfishes or other cryptic taxa. Our study showcases the importance of gut metabarcoding in terms of simultaneous detection of diets and parasites.
Refining management strategies for Lennox–Gastaut syndrome: Updated algorithms and practical approaches
Authors: Auvin Stéphane , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Falip Mercè , Striano Pasquale , Cross J. Helen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) characterized by multiple types of drug‐resistant seizures (which must include tonic seizures) with classical onset before 8 years (although some cases with later onset have also been described), abnormal electroencephalographic features, and cognitive and behavioral impairments. Management and treatment of LGS are challenging, due to associated comorbidities and the treatment resistance of seizures. A panel of five epileptologists reconvened to provide updated guidance and treatment algorithms for LGS, incorporating recent advancements in antiseizure medications (ASMs) and understanding of DEEs. The resulting consensus document is based on current evidence from clinical trials and clinical practice and the panel's expert opinion, focusing on new ASMs with novel mechanisms of action, such as highly purified cannabidiol and fenfluramine. For a patient presenting with newly diagnosed LGS or suspected LGS, the recommended first‐line treatment continues to be valproate. If this is ineffective as monotherapy, adjunctive therapy with, firstly, lamotrigine and secondly, rufinamide, is recommended. If seizure control remains suboptimal, subsequent adjunctive ASM treatment options include (alphabetically) cannabidiol, clobazam, felbamate, fenfluramine, and topiramate, although evidence for these is more limited. Whenever possible, no more than two ASMs should be used together. Nonpharmacological treatment approaches should be used in conjunction with ASM therapy and include ketogenic diet therapies, vagus nerve stimulation, and corpus callosotomy. Patients with LGS that has evolved from another type of epilepsy who are not already being treated with valproate should be transitioned to valproate and then managed using the same algorithm as for newly diagnosed LGS. Older patients with established LGS should be reviewed at least annually by a suitably experienced neurologist. The revised guidance aims to improve seizure control and quality of life for patients with LGS through personalized, evidence‐based treatment strategies while addressing the challenges of accurate diagnosis and management in a rapidly evolving therapeutic landscape.Plain Language SummaryLennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe type of epilepsy that usually starts in childhood but continues into adulthood. It is characterized by a variety of different types of seizures (abnormal electrical activity in the brain), which are difficult to treat and often cause people with the condition to fall and injure themselves. Most people with LGS have learning difficulties and need a lot of support, often in residential care. The authors are experts in treating people with LGS and this article provides up‐to‐date guidance and advice on how best to care for those with the condition.
Verbal paired associates learning lateralizes left hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sitoh Andy , Weintrob David , Anderson Jacqueline F. I. , Jackman Angela R. , O'Shea Marie F. , Jackson Graeme D. , Perucca Piero , Tailby Chris 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveLeft hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is associated with verbal‐specific memory impairment. This association is well established for word list learning tasks, and there is some evidence that this may also be relevant to verbal paired associates learning (PAL), though the evidence is limited. We aimed to evaluate the utility of verbal PAL as a marker for left HS, compare this with word list learning, and derive cutoff scores to facilitate clinical application.MethodsRetrospective analysis of Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and PAL scores obtained from 116 surgically naïve temporal lobe epilepsy patients with HS (14 bilateral, 57 left, 45 right; range of N across test indices: 77–110).ResultsRelative to right HS, left HS and bilateral HS were associated with poorer performance on PAL Hard Pairs (p < 0.001) and all RAVLT indices (p < 0.001), with performance comparable in left HS and bilateral HS (p > 0.05). PAL Hard Pairs and all RAVLT indices displayed acceptable discriminatory ability (AUC > 0.70) in classifying left‐sided HS (unilateral left or bilateral HS), with RAVLT delayed recall the strongest predictor (AUC = 0.87; PAL Hard Pairs Learning and Delay = 0.80 and 0.83, respectively). Optimal cutoff scores for left‐sided HS classification were generated.SignificanceAlthough the RAVLT delayed recall was the strongest predictor of left‐sided HS, PAL Hard Pairs also demonstrated excellent discriminatory capacity, offering an additional cognitive marker of left hippocampal integrity to complement word list learning in clinical assessments.Plain Language StatementThe results of the study show that the ability to learn unrelated pairs of words (e.g., “silver”–“run”) is compromised in the setting of epilepsy with left‐sided hippocampal sclerosis (HS), be it unilateral left HS or bilateral HS. The ability of unrelated word pair learning to discriminate left vs. right HS was comparable to word list learning, a task with demonstrated sensitivity to left HS. Our results suggest that the ability to learn unrelated pairs of words provides another useful marker of left‐sided hippocampal compromise in epilepsy. We provide cutoff scores to facilitate clinical interpretation.
The Dynamic and Heterogeneous Effects of COVID‐19 Vaccination Mandates in the USA
Authors: Nguyen Manh‐Hung , Hoang Viet‐Ngu , Nghiem Son , Nguyen Lan Anh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMandatory vaccination for COVID‐19 has received intense political and ethical debates, while the literature on the causal effects of vaccination mandates on vaccination outcomes is very limited. In this study, we examine the effects of the announcement of vaccine mandates (VMs) for workers working in three sectors, including health, education, and state governments, on the uptake of first‐dose and second‐dose vaccination across 50 states in the United States of America. We show that VM announcements have heterogeneous effects; hence, standard two‐way fixed effects and difference‐in‐differences estimators are biased. We present evidence for the heterogeneous treatment effects in single and two‐treatment settings. In the setting of a single treatment, when treating all VM announcements equally, our results show that VM announcement was associated with an increase of 20.6% first‐dose uptake from 1 July to 31 August 2021. In two‐treatment settings, our results suggest that VM announcements for workers in health or state government sectors have significant causal effects on first‐dose vaccination. Additionally, VM announcements do not have significant causal effects on second‐dose uptake. Our results are robust to the choice of differing outcome variables and periods after controlling for state‐level covariates, including COVID‐19 death, unemployment, and cumulative two‐dose vaccination.
Efficacy and Failure Patterns Following Target Volume and Dose Reduction After Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locoregionally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Wu Zheng , Qiu Zichen , Lin Minchuan , Tao Yalan , Su Yong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to analyze the efficacy and failure patterns of contouring target volume based on the residual tumor and decreasing the dose to the area of tumor regression after neoadjuvant therapy in locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patients with locoregionally advanced HNSCC treated by our group from May 2011 to June 2023. All patients received neoadjuvant therapy followed by intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. Gross tumor volumes for the primary tumor and metastatic lymph nodes were delineated according to postneoadjuvant extension. The tumor shrinkage after neoadjuvant therapy was included in the high‐risk clinical target volume (CTV1) and prescribed a dose of 60 Gy. Kaplan–Meier analysis was employed to calculate local recurrence‐free survival (LRFS), regional recurrence‐free survival (RRFS), overall survival (OS), and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS). Failure patterns were analyzed by mapping the location and extent of locoregional recurrence onto pretreatment planning CT.ResultsThis study included a total of 114 patients, with a median follow‐up of 34 months. The 5‐year LRFS, RRFS, OS, and DMFS rates were 70.2%, 70.7%, 74.8%, and 73.8%, respectively. Among the 14 patients with recurrences, there were 5 local failures, 6 regional recurrences, and 3 both local and regional recurrences. All local recurrences occurred within the 95% isodose line, classified as in‐field failures. Only one regional recurrence was marginal failure. No out‐of‐field failure was observed.ConclusionReduction of target volume after neoadjuvant therapy and distribution of 60 Gy of dose to the tumor regression area may be feasible.
Interval cancer risk after the upper age limit of screening has been reached: Informing risk stratification in FIT‐based colorectal cancer screening
Authors: van Stigt Brenda J. , Lansdorp‐Vogelaar Iris , Spaander Manon C. W. , van Vuuren Anneke J. , Dekker Evelien , van Kemenade Folkert J. , Nagtegaal Iris D. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Toes‐Zoutendijk Esther 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUpper age limits are currently fixed for all fecal immunochemical test (FIT)‐based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs. A risk‐stratified upper age limit may be beneficial. Therefore, we assessed differences in interval CRC risk among individuals who had reached the upper age limit of screening (75 years). Individuals with a negative FIT (<47 μg Hb/g feces) in the final round of the Dutch CRC screening program were selected from the national screening database and linked to the national cancer registry to identify CRCs diagnosed within 24 months (interval CRCs). Survival analyses assessed whether sex and last fecal hemoglobin (f‐Hb) concentration were associated with interval CRC risk. A multivariable logistic regression assessed whether sex, last f‐Hb concentration and screening round were associated with stage distribution (early vs. late). Last f‐Hb concentrations were considered detectable when they were >0 μg Hb/g feces. Among 305,761 individuals with a complete follow‐up (24 months), 661 were diagnosed with interval CRC (21.6 per 10,000 negative FITs). Individuals with detectable f‐Hb (15%) were 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with interval CRC than those without (HR 4.87, 95%CI: 4.19–5.65). Moreover, their cancers were more often detected at a late stage compared to individuals without detectable f‐Hb (OR 1.45, 95%CI: 1.06–2.01). Our results show that interval CRC risk among individuals aged ≥75 differs substantially by last f‐Hb concentration, indicating a uniform age to stop screening is suboptimal. Future research, taking into account multiple screening rounds and FIT results, should determine the optimal risk‐stratified screening strategy.
Evaluation Of Maternal And Fetal Findings In Patients With Pemphigoid Gestationis
Authors: Atalay Nihan Erdoğan , Dağıstanlı Funda , Şimşek Hayal Uzelli , Caliskan Eray 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the maternal and fetal outcomes of 12 pregnant women diagnosed with pemphigoid gestationis, in conjunction with a review of the literature.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted on the medical records of 12 patients diagnosed with pemphigoid gestationis who presented between January 2014 and January 2024.ResultsTwelve pregnant patients with pemphigoid gestationis were included in the study. The disease manifested during the first pregnancy in six patients. Mean maternal age was 30 years, mean gestational age at delivery was 33 weeks, and mean birth weight was 2146 g. Neonatal lesions were identified in two neonates. Intrauterine growth restriction, starting at an average of 33 weeks of gestation, was observed in four patients. Oligohydramnios was noted in two patients, hypertension in one patient, placental abruption in one patient, and gestational diabetes mellitus in one patient. During pregnancy, five patients were treated with oral steroids, six patients with intravenous steroids, and nine patients with topical steroids. Neonatal intensive care unit admission occurred in six neonates, and maternal intensive care unit admission was required for one patient.ConclusionPatients with pemphigoid gestationis are at significant risk for severe maternal morbidity and adverse fetal outcomes in both the antepartum and postpartum periods. Early diagnosis of vesiculobullous lesions and close monitoring as high‐risk pregnancies through a multidisciplinary approach are recommended.