bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of genetic markers associated with Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapy in Pakistan, 2018-2019
Authors: Khan Abdul Qader , Pernaute-Lau Leyre , Khattak Aamer Ali , Luijcx Sanna , Aydin-Schmidt Berit , Hussain Mubashir , Khan Taj Ali , Mufti Farees Uddin , Morris Ulrika 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The spread of artemisinin resistance in the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia poses a significant threat for current anti-malarial treatment guidelines globally. The aim of this study was to assess the current prevalence of molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the four provinces with the highest malaria burden in Pakistan, after introducing artemether-lumefantrine as first line treatment in 2017.Methods: Samples were collected during routine malaria surveillance in Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan between January 2018 and February 2019. P. falciparum infections were confirmed by rapid diagnostic test or microscopy. P. falciparum positive isolates (n = 179) were screened by Sanger sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P. falciparum kelch 13 (pfk13) propeller domain and in P. falciparum coronin (pfcoronin). SNPs in P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) N86Y, Y184F, D1246Y and P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) K76T were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: No artemisinin resistance associated SNPs were identified in the pfk13 propeller domain or in pfcoronin. The pfmdr1 N86, 184F, D1246 and pfcrt K76 alleles associated with reduced lumefantrine sensitivity were present in 83.8% (150/179), 16.9% (29/172), 100.0% (173/173), and 8.4% (15/179) of all infections, respectively. The chloroquine resistance associated pfcrt 76T allele was present in 98.3% (176/179) of infections.Conclusion: This study provides an update on the current prevalence of molecular markers associated with reduced sensitivity to artemether and/or lumefantrine in P. falciparum, including a first baseline assessment of polymorphisms in pfcoronin. No mutations associated with artemisinin resistance were observed in pfk13 or pfcoronin. However, the prevalence of the pfmdr1 N86 and D1246 alleles, that have been associated with decreased susceptibility to lumefantrine, remain high. Although clinical and molecular data suggest that the current malaria treatment guideline for P. falciparum are presently effective in Pakistan, close monitoring for artemisinin and lumefantrine resistance will be critical to ensure early detection and enhanced containment of emerging ACT resistance spreading across from Southeast Asia.
Complete postnatal care utilizations and its associated factors among women who gave birth in the last 12 months in Ezha district, Southern Ethiopia, 2019 ( Community-based cross-sectional study , compliance with WHO recommendation)
Authors: habte aklilu hailegebireal , Gebiremeskel Feleke , Shewangizaw Misgun , Dessu Samuel , Glagn Mustefa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Postnatal care service is preventive care, practices and assessments that are designed to identify and manage complications for both the mother and the newborn within the first six weeks of birth. A clear understanding of factors associated with complete PNC services utilization is important to help in the development and the implementation of evidence-based approaches to increase utilization of PNC services. The aim of the study was to identify the Prevalence of complete postnatal care utilizations and associated factors among women gave birth in the last 12 months in Ezha district, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Ezha district. A two stage sampling technique was applied. A total of 568 mothers from ten selected kebeles were included in the study by using computer generated random numbers. Data were collected using pretested semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview and entered to EpiData3.1 and exported to SPPS version 23. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess wealth status of the participants. Bivariate and Multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed in order to identify the factors significantly associated with Complete post natal care utilization at the level of significance of p value <0.25 with 95% CI of COR and <0.05 with 95% CI of AOR respectively. Results: The prevalence of complete post natal care utilization in the study area was 19.6%. The factors; maternal education of secondary and above [AOR: 4.3; 95%CI: (2.15, 8.05)], having antenatal visits [AOR:3.75; 95%CI:(1.78, 7.92)], Caesarean delivery [AOR:3.96; 95%CI: (1.5,7.94)], having good knowledge on PNC [AOR: 5.31; 95%CI:(2.34,10.05)] and being model house hold [AOR:3.61; 95%CI: (1.97,6.64)] were identified as independent factors for complete postnatal care utilization in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Complete postnatal care service utilization in the study area was low. Strengthening information education and communication on the importance of complying with recommended postnatal care, work on model house hold creation, and increasing number of antenatal care visits are the necessary measures that should be done by concerned bodies to enhance complete postnatal care utilization in the district. Keywords: Postnatal care, complete postnatal care, utilization, district, associated factors.
The impact of iron deficiency correction in pregnant women on the perinatal period and children’s health status
Authors: Balashova E. A. , Mazur L. I. , Tezikov Yu. V. , Lipatov I. S. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To identify the effects of gestational iron deficiency anemia after treatment with iron-containing drugs during the perinatal period on the health status of full-term children during their 1st year of life.Patients and methods.The authors carried out a prospective observational cohort study of full-term infants of I & II health group from their birth to twelve months. The course of pregnancy and labor was analyzed retrospectively. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein were measured in the six and twelve months old children and their mothers in 6 months after giving birth. We examined 140 couples of mother-child with gestational anemia (Group 1) and 166 couples without anemia during pregnancy (Group 2) in 6 months after giving birth, and in 12 months – 103 and 131 couples respectively. All women with iron deficiency anemia (Group 1) received therapy during pregnancy. Results. Gestational anemia is associated with threatened miscarriage (Odds Ratio (OR) 3.496; 95% CI 2.013–6.072), chronic placental insufficiency (OR 1.907; 95% CI 1.025–3.548), delivery by cesarean section (OR 2.729; 95% CI 1.651–4.502), increased infectious morbidity in pregnant women (OR 1.079; 95% CI 1.025–3.548) and insufficient lactation (OR 1.990; 95% CI 1.209– 3.277). Treated anemia during pregnancy is not associated with low birth weight and low weight of 6 and 12 months old children. 8.6% of 6 months old children suffered from iron deficiency anemia, which is two times lower than in the group without anemia (p=0.007). The frequency of iron deficiency anemia did not differ in 12 months old children (р=0.543). Conclusion: Iron supplementation reduces the negative impact of anemia on child’s health, including anthropometric indicators, iron stores, and risk of infectious diseases. The indirect effect is maintained through the adverse course of the perinatal period and the low duration of lactation.
Dysmetabolic nephropathy in children with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia
Authors: Yurieva E. A. , Dlin V. V. , Vozdvizhenskaya E. S. , Sukhorukov V. S. , Semyachkina A. N. , Kharabadze M. N. 
Published: March 2020

Nephropathy is a common associated pathology with hereditary connective tissue dysplasiaPurpose. To determine clinical and laboratory signs of renal pathology in the conditions of persisting hypoxic syndrome and anatomic abnormalities of the urinary system with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia syndromes in children Characteristics of children and research methods. We examined 36 children with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and 10 children with Marfan syndrome to reveal signs of metabolic disorders in the blood and urine.Results. All children revealed abnormalities of the urinary system. In addition, children with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome demonstrated an increase in certain signs of dysmetabolic nephropathy when growing older: an increased content of parathyroid hormone in the blood, which inactivation and elimination is normally provided by the kidneys. Hypermicroproteinuria with a high content of microelements in proteins, increased excretion of medium molecules, lipid hydroperoxides, glycosaminoglycans, a decrease in antioxidant defense and crystal formation inhibitors are the characteristic signs of dysmetabolic nephropathy.Conclusion. Children with hereditary connective tissue dysplasia syndromes have a risk of developing nephropathy with signs characteristic of dysmetabolic nephropathy, requiring dynamic monitoring by a nephrologist.
Research of the level of erythropoietin and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha in the blood of children and adolescents with anemia at stage C1–5 of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Leonteva E. V. , Savenkova N. D. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose. To examine the indicators of iron deficiency, the levels of hemoglobin, erythropoietin, hypoxia-induced factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the blood of children with anemia and chronic kidney disease C1-5 prior to the dialysis and on its background, receiving and not receiving iron preparations and erythropoietin-stimulating drugs to establish the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of erythropoietin synthesis and erythropoiesis. Results. The patients (n=80) with anemia and chronic kidney disease were divided into 3 groups: Group 1: 32 patients with chronic kidney disease C1-5 prior to the dialysis, not receiving therapy; Group 2: 18 patients with chronic kidney disease C2-5 prior to the dialysis, receiving iron-containing preparations and erythropoietin-stimulating drugs; Group 3: 30 patients with chronic kidney disease C3-5 on dialysis, receiving iron preparations and erythropoietin-stimulating drugs. Group 1: we found the increased levels of erythropoietin (28.65 ± 3.66 MIU/ml) and HIF-1α (0.089 ± 0.011 ng/ml; p=0.014 and p=0.005, respectively); Group 2: 63.01 ± 14.84 mIU/ml and 0.138 ± 0.025 ng/ml; p=0.0088 and p=0.005, respectively). Group 3: we found the increased level of HIF-1α (0.098 ± 0.01 ng/ml; p=0.005).Conclusion. An increase in concentration of HIF-1α in children with anemia and chronic kidney disease C1-5 prior and on dialysis receiving and not receiving therapy with iron-containing drugs and erythropoietin-stimulating agents confirms the role of HIF-1α in the regulation of erythropoietin and erythropoiesis synthesis in anemia.
Evolution of water supplies in the Hellenic world focusing on water treatment and modern parallels
Authors: Angelakis A. N. , Voudouris K. S. , Tchobanoglous G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Advanced, well organized, and operated urban water supply systems existed in Greece from the Bronze Age (ca. 3200–1100 BC). At the dawn of human history, surface water and groundwater, principally springs, were the most common water supply sources. As the population grew, periodic water shortages occurred. In Early Minoan times (ca. 3200–2100 BC), these water shortages led to the development of sophisticated hydraulic structures for importing water and for the harvesting and storage of rainwater. In addition, the water treatment technologies and water distribution techniques developed at that time served as the basis for the advanced technological progress in the development of the urban water supply systems in the centuries that followed. In this paper, an overview of the evolution of public water supplies and water treatment technologies in the Hellenic world through the centuries up to modern times is presented. Some of the most significant innovations in the provision of water, its treatment, and distribution are highlighted. The overview is followed by a discussion of the contemporary situation, emerging trends, and future challenges, and parallels are drawn between historical developments and the water supply problems faced today.
An Efficient 4X4 Mesh Structure with a Combination of Two NoC Router Architecture
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Khare Kavita , Shandilya Smita 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Systems-on-chips (SoCs) used by smart phones processor manufacturing
companies such as Intel, Microsoft, Texas Samsung, etc, is an essential part of any mobile device.
“Network-on-Chip” is used to integrate huge numbers of Intellectual Property (IP) blocks on a
single Integrated Chip (IC). Different network topologies may be used in an NoC network, but
mesh topology is widely used. In a conventional mesh structure, a defined router is implemented
at every node in the structure. After analyzing various parameters such as delay, power, area of
conventional mesh topology, we learned that it can be refined further. In this paper, a new 4x4
mesh topology structure is proposed, in which a combination of two different NoC router
architecture is implemented in a single 4x4 mesh structure.

Methods:
Proposed 4x4 mesh structure consists of one conventional router and a new proposed
router which is designed in such a way that it can only transfer its input data into two output
channel. To achieve this component of the router such as Crossbar switch, buffer units of each
channel are changed. This new proposed router Architecture model is simulated in Xilinx ISE 9.2i
with targeted device Virtex4.

Results & Conclusion:
Based on comparative analysis with the conventional router, there is a
significant 17.24 % reduction in the area of proposed 4X4 mesh structure as compared to conventional
4X4 Mesh architecture. Further, the same analysis was also performed for 8x8, 16x16, and
32x32 mesh structures.
Impact of In-vitro Propagation and Organic Farming Cultivation Practices of Artemisia annua L. on the Enhancement of Artemisinin Yield
Authors: Agrawal Ankit , Sharma Anjana , Shukla Narmada P. 
Published: March 2020

Background :
Artemisia annua is well known for its anti-malarial bio-active compound
artemisinin. Development of elite planting material of A. annua and its agro-technology can fulfill the
requirement of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) dosages worldwide.

Objectives:
To develop an efficient in-vitro propagation protocol for A. annua and assess the field performance
of in-vitro propagated plants for their growth and artemisinin yield.

Methods:
The in-vitro propagation protocol of A. annua was developed using the nodal segment in
four steps viz: initiation, multiplication, rooting and hardening. In-vitro propagated plants were transplanted
with open-pollinated seed raised plants in an experimental field trial having soil supplementation
of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), vermicompost and NPK.

Result:
Maximum 92% shoots were initiated in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with 0.44 μM
6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) and highest 281.33 ± 09.75 micro-shoots/inoculum obtained in MS with
15.54 μM BA. The maximum number of roots was found in MS with 100 mg/L activated charcoal
while 78.20% of plants survived in the sand: soil: vermicompost (1:1:1) mixture. The highest dry leaf
yield (6.37 t/ha) was observed in in-vitro propagated plants grown with vermicompost, while highest
artemisinin content (1.11 ± 0.10) and artemisinin yield (65.05 kg/ha) was found in the in-vitro propagated
plants grown with FYM after 120 days of transplantation.

Conclusion:
This study reports an efficient, cost-effective and rapid in-vitro propagation protocol for
A. annua as well as enhanced artemisinin yield through the cultivation of in-vitro propagated plants
using organic soil supplement inputs. This would lead to an increase in the production of artemisinin
yield and fulfill the demand of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT).
TRANSNACIONALISMO NEGRO: A ENCRUZILHADA DE AMEFRICAN@S
Authors: Augusto Geri 
Published: March 2020

Este artigo utiliza duas narrativas de jornadas pessoais de transna-cionalismo negro a partir dos escritos e das ideias de Lelia Gonzalez e Ella Baker, mulheres negras pensadoras ativistas, seminais e radicais, para refletir sobre a carga tripla enfrentada por trabalhadoras domésticas negras no Brasil e nos EUA. Consideram-se as ideiase formas de vida da aldeia contemporânea de quilombolas pescadores e pescadoras, visto do jardim de uma marisqueira, para refletir sobre o espaço de contribuição potencial e equitativo, a práxis e o pensamento, e as aberturas epistêmicas possíveis no universo acadêmico, quando conhecimentos marginalizados e multifacetados são postos. Utilizou-se os conceitos teóricos de Amefricanidade, interseccionalidade e afeto comum, bem como a noção de encruzilhada encontrada em muitas tradições culturais do pensamento Afrodescendente.
Trends and Outcomes with Kidney Failure from Antineoplastic Treatments and Urinary Tract Cancer in France
Authors: Mansouri Imène , Alencar de Pinho Natalia , Snanoudj Renaud , Jacquelinet Christian , Lassalle Mathilde , Béchade Clémence , Vigneau Cécile , de Vathaire Florent , Haddy Nadia , Stengel Bénédicte ,   on behalf of the French REIN registry
Published: March 2020

Background and objectives
Cancer survival is improving along with an increase in the potential for adverse kidney effects from antineoplastic treatments or nephrectomy. We sought to describe recent trends in the incidence of kidney failure related to antineoplastic treatments and urinary tract cancers and evaluate patient survival and kidney transplantation access.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used the French Renal Epidemiology and Information Network registry to identify patients with kidney failure related to antineoplastic treatments or urinary tract cancer from 2003 to 2015. We identified 287 and 1157 cases with nephrotoxin- and urinary tract cancer–related kidney failure, respectively. The main study outcomes were death and kidney transplantation. After matching cases to two to ten controls (n=11,678) with other kidney failure causes for age, sex, year of dialysis initiation, and diabetes status, we estimated subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR) of each outcome separately for patients with and without active malignancy.

Results
The mean age- and sex-adjusted incidence of nephrotoxin-related kidney failure was 0.43 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.49) per million inhabitants and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.68 to 1.90) for urinary tract cancer–related kidney failure; they increased significantly by 5% and 2% annually, respectively, during 2006–2015. Compared with matched controls, age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted SHRs for mortality in patients with nephrotoxin-related kidney failure were 4.2 (95% CI, 3.2 to 5.5) and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0) for those with and without active malignancy, respectively; for those with urinary tract cancer, SHRs were 2.0 (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.2) and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.2). The corresponding SHRs for transplant wait-listing were 0.19 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.32) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.88) for nephrotoxin-related kidney failure cases and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.37) and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.60) for urinary tract cancer cases. Once on the waiting list, access to transplantation did not differ significantly between cases and controls.

Conclusions
Cancer-related kidney failure is slowly but steadily increasing. Mortality does not appear to be increased among patients without active malignancy at dialysis start, but their access to kidney transplant remains limited.
Clinical therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose or bone marrow for knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Han Xinxin , Yang Bo , Zou Fagui , Sun Jianbo 
Published: March 2020

Aim:
This meta-analysis, only including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), was conducted to assess separately and compare the therapeutic efficacy of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) for knee osteoarthritis (OA) at the same follow-up time.
Methods:
Potential relevant researches were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov. The data, from clinical trials concentrating on knee OA treated with ADMSCs or BMSCs, were extracted and pooled for meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with knee OA in visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lysholm knee scale (Lysholm) and Tegner activity scale (Tegner).
Results:
Nine randomized controlled trials including a total of 377 patients met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis obtained the following results. First, the improvement of VAS scores was statistically significant after BMSCs treatment at 6-, 12- and 24-month follow-up compared with control groups (p < 0.01). In contrast, the improvement of WOMAC scores was of no statistical significance, but showed a positive trend with the prolongation of the follow-up time (6 months: mean difference [MD] = 6.51; 95% CI: -2.38 to 15.40; p = 0.15; 12 months: MD = -6.81; 95% CI: -13.94 to 0.33; p = 0.06). Lysholm scores presented a similar pattern (12 months: MD = 1.93; 95% CI: -11.52 to 15.38; p = 0.78; 24 months: MD = 8.94; 95% CI: 1.45 to 16.43; p = 0.02). Second, VAS and WOMAC scores of patients after ADMSCs treatment were significantly improved at any follow-up time (p ≤ 0.05). The improvement of Lysholm scores was of no statistical significance compared with control groups, although treatment outcome at 12-month follow-up was better than that at 24-month follow-up, which was debatable because only data of one clinical trial were pooled in the analysis (12 months: MD = 7.50; 95% CI: -1.94 to 16.94; p = 0.12; 24 months: MD = 5.10; 95% CI: -3.02 to 13.22; p = 0.22). Finally, by comparing the statistical results of VAS and WOMAC scores, it could be concluded that the therapeutic effect of ADMSCs on knee OA was more effective than that of BMSCs.
Conclusion:
This meta-analysis showed that regeneration with BMSCs or ADMSCs had a great application potential in the treatment of patients with knee OA, and ADMSCs tended to be superior to BMSCs according to the limited clinical evidences available.
Duas tribos e Muitos Círculos
Authors: Dascal Marcelo 
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo propongo un marco de referencia, relativamente sencillo y tosco, como punto de partida para la comparación y evaluación de las posiciones, a menudo contrapuestas, tocantes a la relación entre lenguaje y pensamiento.
El marco consiste en una serie de expediciones imaginarias por el escenario de los mundos posibles, en búsqueda de “parlantes” (gente que tiene lenguaje, pero no pensamiento) y de “pensantes” (gente que tiene pensamiento pero no lenguaje). Los cuatro posibles resultados de una primera expedición de este tipo, representan las cuatro perspectivas posibles con respecto a la dependencia conceptual entre el lenguaje y el pensamiento. Todas las perspectivas están ilustradas abundantemente en la literatura del presente y del pasado.
Se muestra que, prestando atención a los argumentos aducidos por los defensores de estas perspectivas, es posible llegar a comprender mejor los grados de centralidad y la estructura lógica de las diferentes características usadas generalmente para “definir” los conceptos de lenguaje y pensamiento.
Algunas expediciones imaginarias ulteriores, más complejas, llevan a refinar el marco original, permitiendo, entonces, la discusión de otras cuestiones relativas a la relación entre lenguaje y pensamiento, v.gr., la cuestión de la “dirección de explicación” que se da entre ellos.
En el transcurso del artículo, se analizan las posiciones de Locke, Cordemoy, Sellars, Davidson, Searle, Vigotski y otros.
[M.D.]