bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antivirulence properties and related mechanisms of spice essential oils: A comprehensive review
Authors: Zhang Dan , Gan Ren‐You , Zhang Jia‐Rong , Farha Arakkaveettil Kabeer , Li Hua‐Bin , Zhu Fan , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Corke Harold 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, reduced antimicrobial effectiveness, increased bacterial infection, and newly emerged microbial resistance have become global public issues, leading to an urgent need to find effective strategies to counteract these problems. Strategies targeting bacterial virulence factors rather than bacterial survival have attracted increasing interest, since the modulation of virulence factors may prevent the development of drug resistance in bacteria. Spices are promising natural sources of antivirulence compounds owing to their wide availability, diverse antivirulence phytochemical constituents, and generally favorable safety profiles. Essential oils are the predominant and most important antivirulence components of spices. This review addresses the recent efforts of using spice essential oils to inhibit main bacterial virulence traits, including the quorum sensing system, biofilm formation, motility, and toxin production, with an intensive discussion of related mechanisms. We hope that this review can provide a better understanding of the antivirulence properties of spice essential oils, which have the potential to be used as antibiotic alternatives by targeting bacterial virulence.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with esophageal cancer or precancerous lesions assessed by EQ‐5D: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Youqing , Shi Jufang , Du Lingbin , Huang Huiyao , Wang Le , Zhu Juan , Li Huizhang , Bai Yana , Liao Xianzhen , Mao Ayan , Liu Guoxiang , Ren Jiansong , Sun Xiaojie , Gong Jiyong , Zhou Qi , Mai Ling , Zhu Lin , Xing Xiaojing , Liu Yuqin , Ren Ying , Song Bingbing , Lan Li , Zhou Jinyi , Lou Peian , Sun Xiaohua , Qi Xiao , Wu Shouling , Wei Wenqiang , Zhang Kai , Dai Min , Chen Wanqing , He Jie 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundWe aimed to obtain a set of health state utility scores of patients with esophageal cancer (EC) and precancerous lesions in China, and to explore the influencing factors of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).MethodsA hospital‐based multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted. From 2013 to 2014, patients with EC or precancerous lesions were enrolled. HRQoL was assessed using a European quality of life‐5 dimension (EQ‐5D‐3L) instrument. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to explore the influencing factors of the EQ‐5D utility scores.ResultsA total of 2090 EC patients and 156 precancer patients were included in the study. The dimension of pain/discomfort had the highest rate of self‐reported problems, 60.5% in EC and 51.3% in precancer patients. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score for EC and precancer patients were 68.4 ± 0.7 and 64.5 ± 3.1, respectively. The EQ‐5D utility scores for EC and precancer patients were estimated as 0.748 ± 0.009 and 0.852 ± 0.022, and the scores of EC at stage I, stage II, stage III, and stage IV were 0.693 ± 0.031, 0.747 ± 0.014, 0.762 ± 0.015, and 0.750 ± 0.023, respectively. According to the multivariable analyses, the factors of region, occupation, household income in 2012, health care insurance type, pathological type, type of therapy, and time points of the survey were statistically associated with the EQ‐5D utility scores of EC patients.ConclusionsThere were remarkable decrements of utility scores among esophageal cancer patients, compared with precancer patients. The specific utility scores of EC would support further cost‐utility analysis in populations in China.
Surgical management of perianal abscess in neonates and infants
Authors: Tan Tanny Sharman P. , Wijekoon Naveen , Nataraja Ramesh M. , Lynch Amiria , Pacilli Maurizio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal management of perianal abscess in neonates and infants remains unclear, including the need for laying open of the fistula and the role of microscopy and culture studies (MCS). We aimed to report the recurrence rate following incision and drainage alone (I&D) compared to incision and drainage with laying open of the fistula (I&DF) and to determine the value of MCS in perianal abscess management.MethodsFollowing ethical approval (16326Q), a 10‐year (2007–2017) review of children younger than 1 year presenting with a perianal abscess was performed. Presence of a fistula was sought in all patients. Data are presented as number of cases (%), median (range) and analysed using Fisher's exact test and Mann–Whitney U‐test. P‐values of <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsWe identified 108 patients (107 (99.1%) males) with 111 abscesses (three bilateral); 26 in I&D group and 85 in I&DF group. Initial abscess occurred to the right of midline in 64 cases (58%) and to the left of midline in 47 cases (42%). Twenty‐two (20%) recurred after 30 (6–372) days. Sixty‐five (59%) had MCS performed. Recurrence was higher in I&D group (9/26) versus I&DF group (13/85) (P = 0.04 (relative risk 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.0–4.5)). There was no difference in recurrence within each group between patients with or without MCS (I&D group, P = 0.1; I&DF group, P = 0.3).ConclusionThe recurrence of surgically managed perianal abscess is lower when a fistula is identified and laid open at the initial operation. There is little value of MCS in the management of paediatric perianal abscess.
Randomised clinical trial: transabdominal interferential electrical stimulation vs sham stimulation in women with functional constipation
Authors: Moore Judith S. , Gibson Peter R. , Burgell Rebecca E. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundManaging chronic constipation is challenging as patients frequently remain dissatisfied with laxative treatments. Novel studies using transabdominal electrical interferential therapy in children have shown benefit but there are inadequate adult studies.AimTo examine the effects of transabdominal interferential stimulation on bowel symptoms and quality of life in women with refractory constipation.MethodsIn a single‐blind, randomised, sham‐controlled pilot study, women aged ≥18 years with refractory constipation were randomised to receive interferential stimulation (with crossing of electric currents) or a novel sham stimulation (with no crossing of currents) for 1 hour a day for 6 weeks. Primary outcome was the number of patients with ≥3 spontaneous bowel movements/week. Secondary endpoints included change in PAC‐SYM (Patient Assessment of Constipation‐SYMptoms), PAC‐QOL (Patient Assessment of Constipation‐Quality of Life) and an overall symptom severity score (measured at baseline, mid time point of stimulation, end of treatment and 3 months after cessation of treatment).ResultsInterferential therapy (n = 17) met the primary outcome in 9(53%) compared with 2(12%) with sham therapy (n = 16) (P = 0.02). Interferential therapy resulted in reductions in PAC‐SYM (P = 0.03) and overall symptom scores (P = 0.05). Laxative use more than halved in 66% with interferential therapy compared with 14% with sham therapy (P = 0.01). Significant improvements in symptom outcomes were maintained at 3 months. There were no treatment‐related adverse effects.ConclusionTransabdominal interferential electrical stimulation is effective in reducing constipation in adult women. Three months after therapy, response is maintained and quality of life improved. Not allowing currents to cross intra‐abdominally was an effective placebo.(Australianclinicaltrials.gov.au ACTRN12614000736640).
The effects of CEO activism on employees person‐organization ideological misfit: A conceptual model and research agenda
Authors: Brown Lee Warren , Manegold Jennifer G. , Marquardt Dennis J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch has found many positive benefits to person‐organization (PO) fit, for both individuals and the organization. However, PO misfit has received far less attention in the literature. In this article, we look specifically at PO misfit caused by the differing political values and beliefs of the CEO and employee. We argue that CEO activism influences employee perceptions of ideological misfit (IM), whereby differing political beliefs between employees and their activist CEO can impact workplace outcomes. We consider how peer group reactions, ethical climate, external needs fulfillment, and moral identity serve as boundary conditions for perceptions of PO misfit and related organizational outcomes. We also examine antecedents of CEO activism. Drawing on academic literature from both the micro and macro perspectives of management research, we introduce a conceptual model and discuss implications for the firm and its employees.
How does public spending affect technical efficiency? Some evidence from 15 European countries
Authors: Auci Sabrina , Castellucci Laura , Coromaldi Manuela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe relationship between government size and economic growth has been widely debated. Revisiting the subject from a distinct angle with respect to the mainstream approach, we provide an empirical analysis of the impact of government size on technical efficiency. The aim of this paper is to estimate the impact of public sector's size and of public expenditure components on 15 European countries’ technical efficiency from 1996 to 2014 by using a True Random Effect model. Using the total public expenditure as a proxy for the government size we estimate simultaneously national optimal production function and technical efficiency by controlling for income distribution and institutional quality. Our main findings show that the effect of public sector's size on efficiency is positive while the type of public expenditures may have both positive and negative impact. In more details, results suggest that education and health expenditures have a positive effect on technical efficiency, while others have a negative impact.
Achieving concurrency in cloud‐orchestrated Internet of Things for resource sharing through multiple concurrent access
Authors: Xu Xuedong , Sun Wei , G. N. Vivekananda , Shankar Achyut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCloud‐orchestrated Internet of Things (IoT) facilitates proper utilization of network resources and placating user demands in smart communications. Multiple concurrent access (MCA) techniques designed for cloud‐assisted communication helps to achieve better resource sharing features with fault tolerance ability. A multi‐objective resource allocation and sharing (RAS) for balancing MCA in cloud‐orchestrated IoT is presented in this article. The RAS constraints are modeled through linear programming (LP) as an optimization approach. The constraints are resolved using genetic representations (GR) for reducing the unserviced requests and failed resource allocations. Conventional genetic stages are inherited by the LP model to solve resource allocation and access issues reducing latency. The combined LP and GR jointly resolve resource allocation and MCA stagnation in cloud network. A fair outcome of LP‐GR is estimation using the metrics response latency, resource utilization, request handled, and average latency.
Hereditäres Angioödem in einer Familie mit spezifischen Mutationen sowohl im Plasminogen‐ als auch im SERPING1‐Gen
Authors: Bork Konrad , Zibat Arne , Ferrari David M. , Wollnik Bernd , Schön Michael P. , Wulff Karin , Lippert Undine 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Bezeichnung hereditäres Angioödem (HAE) steht für eine Gruppe genetischer Erkrankungen mit rezidivierenden, schmerzhaften und potenziell lebensbedrohlichen Gewebeschwellungen. Die häufigste Variante des HAE entsteht durch Mutationen im SERPING1‐Gen, die zu einer eingeschränkten Funktion des Komplement‐1‐Inhibitors (C1‐INH) führen. Seltenere Formen mit normaler Funktion des C1‐INH können durch Mutationen im Gen für den Gerinnungsfaktor F12 ausgelöst werden, oft ist der genetische Hintergrund jedoch nicht bekannt. Vor kurzem wurde eine neue HAE‐Mutation im Plasminogen (PLG)‐Gen nachgewiesen.Patienten und MethodikWir untersuchten die unterschiedlichen klinischen Manifestationen des HAE bei 14 verwandten Patienten mit Hilfe von klinischen Befunden, biochemischen Analysen für C1‐INH und C4 sowie der Gensequenzanalyse.ErgebnisseDie Symptome der Patienten konnten zwei verschiedenen Varianten des HAE zugeordnet werden. Bei zehn Patienten mit Schwellungen von Lippen und Zunge ohne Beteiligung der Extremitäten fanden wir eine Mutation des PLG‐Gens (c.988A>G). Bei vier der 14 Patienten mit Schwellungen im Gastrointestinaltrakt und an den Extremitäten konnten wir eine Mutation im SERPING1‐Gen identifizieren (c.1480C>T). In zweien dieser Fälle bestand zusätzlich eine c.988A>G‐Mutation im PLG‐Gen.SchlussfolgerungenDieser bisher einmalige Befund von zwei verschiedenen HAE‐spezifischen Mutationen in einer Großfamilie liefert nicht nur eine Erklärung für die divergierenden Phänotypen, sondern legt nahe, dass eine Korrelation zwischen Genotyp und Phänotyp besteht. Abdominale Schübe und Schwellungen an den Extremitäten sind bei HAE‐C1‐INH häufig, bei HAE‐PLG jedoch ungewöhnlich.
S3 guideline for actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma – short version, part 1: diagnosis, interventions for actinic keratoses, care structures and quality‐of‐care indicators
Authors: Heppt Markus V. , Leiter Ulrike , Steeb Theresa , Amaral Teresa , Bauer Andrea , Becker Jürgen C. , Breitbart Eckhard , Breuninger Helmut , Diepgen Thomas , Dirschka Thomas , Eigentler Thomas , Flaig Michael , Follmann Markus , Fritz Klaus , Greinert Rüdiger , Gutzmer Ralf , Hillen Uwe , Ihrler Stephan , John Swen Malte , Kölbl Oliver , Kraywinkel Klaus , Löser Christoph , Nashan Dorothée , Noor Seema , Nothacker Monika , Pfannenberg Christina , Salavastru Carmen , Schmitz Lutz , Stockfleth Eggert , Szeimies Rolf‐Markus , Ulrich Claas , Welzel Julia , Wermker Kai , Berking Carola , Garbe Claus 
Published: March 2020

SummaryActinic keratoses (AK) are common lesions in light‐skinned individuals that can potentially progress to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Both conditions may be associated with significant morbidity and constitute a major disease burden, especially among the elderly. To establish an evidence‐based framework for clinical decision making, the guideline “actinic keratosis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma” was developed using the highest level of methodology (S3) according to regulations issued by the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). The guideline is aimed at dermatologists, general practitioners, ENT specialists, surgeons, oncologists, radiologists and radiation oncologists in hospitals and office‐based settings as well as other medical specialties involved in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AK and cSCC. The guideline is also aimed at affected patients, their relatives, policy makers and insurance funds. In the first part, we will address aspects relating to diagnosis, interventions for AK, care structures and quality‐of‐care indicators.
Efficacy and safety of once‐monthly efpeglenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results of a phase 2 placebo‐controlled, 16‐week randomized dose‐finding study
Authors: Del Prato Stefano , Kang Jahoon , Trautmann Michael E. , Stewart John , Sorli Christopher H. , Derwahl Michael , Soto Alfonso , Yoon Kun‐Ho 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo determine the optimal dose(s) of once‐monthly administration of efpeglenatide, a long‐acting glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on metformin.Materials and methodsIn this phase 2, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial (NCT02081118), patients were randomized 1:1:1:1 to subcutaneous efpeglenatide (8, 12 or 16 mg once monthly; n = 158) or placebo (n = 51). The 16‐week treatment period included a 4‐week titration phase with once‐weekly efpeglenatide 4 mg, followed by one dose of efpeglenatide 8 mg once monthly and two doses of the assigned once‐monthly dose. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to week 17.ResultsAll efpeglenatide doses significantly reduced HbA1c versus placebo (P < 0.0001 for all). Overall, the least squares mean difference in HbA1c reductions between efpeglenatide and placebo was −7.7 mmol/mol (−0.71%; baseline to week 17). At week 17, a significantly greater proportion of efpeglenatide patients had an HbA1c level <53 mmol/mol (<7%) versus placebo (48.7% vs. 30.6%; P = 0.0320). Significant body weight loss occurred across all efpeglenatide doses (placebo‐corrected reduction −2.0 kg [efpeglenatide overall]; P = 0.0003). The safety profile was consistent with GLP‐1RAs, with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders being the most common treatment‐emergent adverse events. Fluctuations in effects on glucose levels and rates of GI events occurred between peak and trough efpeglenatide concentrations.ConclusionsEfpeglenatide once monthly (following once‐weekly titration) has significant benefits with regard to HbA1c and weight reduction versus placebo in patients with T2D. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of efpeglenatide once monthly.
Inflammatory markers in saliva for diagnosis of sepsis of hospitalizes patients
Authors: Galhardo Luciana Freitas , Ruivo Gilson Fernandes , de Oliveira Luciane Dias , Parize Graziele , Santos Silvana Soléo Ferreira Dos , Pallos Debora , Leão Mariella Vieira Pereira 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory/immunological serum markers are useful for the early detection of organ dysfunction, helping the diagnosis of sepsis. Although the detection of blood biomarkers is a standard practice, the use of noninvasive samples (eg saliva) would be beneficial.AimTo investigate the saliva of hospitalized patients with and without sepsis and identify the levels of inflammatory markers such as C‐reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and nitric oxide (NO).MethodsSaliva samples were collected from 26 patients in intensive care unit with diagnosis of sepsis and from 26 without sepsis (control). The levels of CRP were determined by using latex agglutination test, whereas those of procalcitonin and IL‐6 by ELISA and NO by the Griess reaction.ResultsOf 26 patients with sepsis, 14 were males (54%) with a mean age of 63.81 ± 3.48 years. The control group had the same distribution for gender, with mean age 65.04 ± 4.07 years. Sepsis group showed higher salivary concentrations of CRP, PCT, IL‐6 and NO, with only levels of IL‐6 being statistically different (P = .0001).ConclusionsPatients with sepsis had significantly higher levels of IL‐6 in their saliva, suggesting that this biological sample could be useful in the diagnosis of this condition.
Linguistic determinants of formal thought disorder in first episode psychosis
Authors: Mackinley Michael , Chan Jenny , Ke Hanna , Dempster Kara , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThought disorder is a core feature of schizophrenia but assessment of disordered thinking is challenging, which may contribute to the paucity of mechanistic understanding of disorganization in early psychosis. We studied the use of linguistic connectives in relation to clinically quantified dimensions of thought disorder using automated speech analysis in untreated, first episode psychosis (FEPs) and healthy controls (HCs).Methods39 treatment‐naïve, actively psychotic FEPs and 23 group matched HCs were recruited. Three one‐minute speech samples were induced in response to photographs from the Thematic Apperception Test and speech was analysed using COH‐METRIX software. Five connectives variables from the Coh‐Metrix software were reduced using principle component analysis, resulting in two linguistic connectives factors. Thought disorder was assessed using the Thought Language Index (TLI) and the PANSS‐8.ResultsConnective factors predicted disorganization, but not impoverishment suggesting aberrant use of connectives is specific to positive thought disorder. An independent t test comparing low and high disorganization FEPs showed higher load of acausal temporal connectives in high disorganization FEPs compared to low disorganization FEPs (mean [SD] in high vs low disorganization FEPs = 0.64 (1.1) vs ‐0.37 (1.02); t = 2.91, P = .006). Acausal‐temporal connectives were not correlated with severity of symptoms or cognition suggesting connective use is a specific index of disorganized thinking rather than overall illness status.ConclusionsClinical assessment of disorganization in psychosis is likely linked to the aberrant use of connectives resulting in an intuitive sense of incoherence. In early psychosis, thought disorder may be reliably quantifiable using automated syntax analysis.
Test performance study for detection of Ralstonia solanacearum and Clavibacter sepedonicus in potato tubers with TaqMan PCR
Authors: Vreeburg R. A. M. , Nas M. , De Paepe B. , Dreo T. , Gottsberger R. A. , Fornefeld E. , Fraser K. , Leonard S. , Le Roux A. C. , Meekes E. T. M. , Rivoal C. , Smits‐Mastebroek L. , van Vaerenbergh J. 
Published: March 2020

A test performance study (TPS) was organized in 2018 with ten official testing laboratories to evaluate the performance of different real‐time PCR tests for the detection of Clavibacter sepedonicus and/or Ralstonia solanacearum in potato tubers. Participants were sent spiked potato extracts with low (0.8–1.2 × 104 cfu mL‐1), medium (1.6–2.4 × 105 cfu mL‐1) and high (1.6–2.4 × 107 cfu mL‐1) bacterial loads, DNA extracts thereof and heel‐end cores from symptomatic potato tubers. The four real‐time PCR tests in this TPS for detection of C. sepedonicus were considered fit for purpose as principal screening methods. Two real‐time PCRs in this TPS were considered fit for purpose as principal screening methods for detection of R. solanacearum. A third real‐time PCR missed 23% of the DNA samples from low‐level R. solanacearum spikes and is considered not fit for purpose as a principal screening method. Correct identification of spiked samples was lower when DNA extraction from the spiked samples was performed by the participating laboratories, highlighting the importance of appropriate DNA extraction protocols.
SPIB promotes anoikis resistance via elevated autolysosomal process in lung cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Guobin , Zhou Ruimin , Li Xiaobo , Sun Yanan , Li Yanzhe , Du Wei , Yan Xiaojie , Yang Jie , Chang Xinzhong , Liu Zhe , Ma Zhenyi 
Published: March 2020

Anoikis (detachment‐induced cell death) is a specific type of programmed cell death which occurs in response to the loss of the correct extracellular matrix connections. Anoikis resistance is an important mechanism in cancer invasiveness and metastatic behavior. Autophagy, on the other hand, involves the degradation of damaged organelles and the recycling of misfolded proteins and intracellular components. However, the intersection of these two cellular responses in lung cancer cells has not been extensively studied. Here, we identified that upon matrix deprivation, the lymphocyte lineage‐specific Ets transcription factor SPIB was activated and directly enhanced SNAP47 transcription in certain lung cancer cells. Loss of attachment‐induced autophagy significantly increased anoikis resistance by SPIB activation. Consistent with this function, SPIB depletion by short hairpin RNA abrogated SNAP47 transcriptional activation upon matrix deprivation. Therefore, these data delineate an important role of SPIB in autophagy‐mediated anoikis resistance in lung cancer cells. Accordingly, these findings suggest that manipulating SPIB‐regulated pathways in vivo and evaluating the impact of anoikis resistance warrant further investigation.DatabaseRNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing data are available in Gene Expression Omnibus database under the accession numbers GSE106592 and GSE125561, respectively.