bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: The Anti-asthmatic Effect of Intratracheally Treated Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Modulation of Lung Macrophage Activation
Authors: Kang Hanbit , Mo Yosep , Shin Jaewoo , Kim Hye Young , Cho Sang-Heon , Kang Hye-Ryun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties that provide therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. While the therapeutic and clinical effects of MSCs are partially known, the effects of its administration to the airway in asthma, a chronic airway inflammatory disease, remain unclear.MethodsSix-week-old female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. The effects of intratracheally administered umbilical cord MSCs were evaluated by measuring airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammatory cell analysis, histological analysis, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, ex vivo experiments confirmed the effect of MSC treatment on macrophages that originated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and were treated with interleukin (IL)-4 to induce M2 activation. Additionally, an in vitro transwell assay confirmed the effect of MSCs on macrophage activation through direct or indirect treatment using the CRL-2019 alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line.ResultsIntratracheal administration of MSCs significantly decreased the elevated levels of inflammatory cells and airway resistance in the murine asthma model. MSC administration also significantly decreased the numbers of Th2 cells, ILC2, and macrophages in the lungs of asthmatic mice. In particular, MHCII and CD86 expression was prominently reduced in dendritic cells and AMs following MSC treatment. Suppressed SiglecF+CD11c+CD11b- resident AMs, presenting strong negative correlation with type II inflammatory cells such as Th2 cells, ILC2, and eosinophils, were restored by intratracheal MSC treatment. Typical macrophage polarization to M2, particularly M2a, was significantly diminished. Expression levels of markers presenting M2 polarization and Th2 inflammation were decreased in the asthma model upon MSC administration. Ex vivo experiments of IL-4 treated AMs confirmed that MSC treatment reduced Il-12 and Tnfa expression as well as that of M2 markers such as Cd206 and Retnla. In vitro experiments of IL-4 treated AMs confirmed that both direct and indirect MSC treatments through transwells significantly reduced Il-5 and Il-13 expression. No difference between the two treatment methods was found.ConclusionsUmbilical cord MSCs appear to regulate pulmonary macrophages, suppress Th2 inflammation, and mediate anti-asthmatic effects via soluble mediators.
Alpha&nbsp;1-antitrypsin as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Bai Shun-jie , Xie Jing , Chen Kunxia , Bai Huili , chen jian-jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite decades of intensive research on major depressive disorder (MDD), the pathogenesis of MDD is still unclear and the objectively diagnostic method remains unavailable. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess whether alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) could be a potential biomarker for diagnosing MDD.Methods: The levels of AAT, liver function-related indicators, renal function-related indicators, blood lipids-related indicators, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, homocysteine and transferrin were detected. The orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to find the differential variables, Random Forest was used to identify the simplified biomarker panel, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the identified panel.Results: The 86 MDD patients and 99 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. In total, we found nine differential variables between MDD patients and HCs, and a potential biomarker panel consisting of AAT, albumin (ALB) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA) was identified. This panel could effectively separate MDD patients from HCs in two independent samples sets. The level of AAT was significantly negatively correlated with HDRS score and improved after antidepressant treatment. Meanwhile, MDD patients with suicide idea or behavior had significantly lower AAT levels compared to MDD patients without suicide idea or behavior.Conclusions: Our results suggested that AAT held the promise to become a potential biomarker for diagnosing MDD, and also might be a potential novel therapeutic target for MDD.
Proton Improves BED&nbsp;Compared With Photon Beam-based Partial Stereotactic Ablative Boost Radiotherapy for Large Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bai Yun , Zhao Zhilei , Gao Xianshu , Qin Shangbin , Liu Siwei , Zhao Bo , Ma Mingwei , Ren Xueying , Li Xiaoying , Qi Xin , Chen Jiayan , Xie Mu , Ding Xuanfeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Increased volume ratio of Biologic Effective Dose (BED) was associated with higher local control rate in a setting of large (greater than 5 cm) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via photon partial stereotactic ablative boost radiotherapy (P-SABR). Taking advantage of unique physics characteristic of the Bragg peak, we exploit the potential dosimetric and clinical benefit of using proton P-SABR.Methods: Thirty patients’ CT structure set with large NSCLC previously treated with photon P-SABR were re-planned with three different treatment modalities: intensity modulated proton therapy (Proton-IMPT), proton volumetric modulated arc therapy (Proton-Arc) and photon volumetric modulated arc therapy (Photon-VMAT). Proton-Arc was mimicked with 8 to 14 beams (10 to 20 degree apart). Dosimetric metrics were compared among all of three treatment modalities in which tumor and organ at risks (OARs) doses were compared in volumes receiving >50% and ≤50% of the prescription dose, representing high- and low-dose regions, respectively. Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) of lungs and esophagus were compared as well.Results: In the high-dose region, mean doses of PTVs were 72.64 GyE, 80.42 GyE and 82.22 GyE and B90 (the ratio of BED>90GyE to the in-field tumor) were 71.17%, 86.59% and 87.32% for Photon-VMAT, Proton-IMPT and Proton-Arc plans, respectively (photon versus proton, p<0.05). In addition, proton plans could keep a similar OARs dose sparing in high-dose region. In stage N2 to N3 group, V50 of esophageal were comparable for the three treatment modalities (p>0.05). In the low-dose region, doses of OARs were reduced dramatically in proton plans compared with Photon-VMAT plans (p<0.05). The potential clinical benefit of utilizing Proton-IMPT will reduce the mean probability of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis by 61.63% and the mean probability of grade≥2 radiation-induced esophagitis by 50.00% in comparison with Photon-VMAT group (p<0.05).Conclusion: Higher BED inside the target could be achieved by using proton beam therapy with similar OARs dose sparing in high-dose region and significantly better OARs low dose sparing compared with photon techniques. Proton techniques has a potential role in the management of large NSCLC to increase the local control rate while reducing the side effect.
THE PRACTICES OF ADAT (CUSTOM) INEQUALITY IN PAKPAK DESTITUTE WOMEN AT PEGAGAN JULU VIII VILLAGE, DAIRI, INDONESIA
Authors: Munthe Hadriana Marhaeni , Sudarwati Lina 
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study: This writing analyzed the incidence of practices of adat (custom) inequality in poor women at the social institution of Pakpak community at Pegagan Julu VIII Village.
The research used the qualitative-feminism method which emphasized on the process of research focusing on women as the research subjects. It digs up their life experience. The data were gathered by using FGD and conducting an in-depth interview and observation on women as the research subjects. The gathered data were analyzed by using the perspective of the Social Feminism theory.
The result of the research showed that Pakpak women were the important conservers and the doers of adat in their community. This reality was not straightly proportional to their authority to make any decisions in any adat activities or work due to patriarchal culture which prioritizes men, so that it makes women weak in a bargaining position. Consequently, most of the adat values and practices do not take the side of women at the family level and in the community so that they were marginalized in their access and control.
Poverty, undergone by women, will be severer by the adat burden, which has to be born by women. This situation will potentially cause them to be in double poverty and alienation from their own adat.
A one-dimensional semi-implicit finite volume modeling of non-inertia wave through rockfill dams
Authors: Sarkhosh Payam , Salama Amgad , Jin Yee-Chung 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
For hydraulic routing through coarse rockfill dams, there is still debate on whether the inertia terms might be neglected as a result of the drag force generated by the rock materials. In this study, a one-dimensional unsteady model for flow-through rockfill dams is built. For this purpose, inertia terms of Saint–Venant equations are disregarded. A semi-implicit scheme adopted for linearizing the nonlinear friction term within the time integration satisfies the Courant–Friedrich–Lewy stability criterion. The most challenging issue in the modeling of flows through rockfill dams is the appropriate definition of boundary conditions at the dam's exit zone. In addition to the analysis of different exit boundary conditions proposed in the literature, a Neumann-type boundary condition suitable for the non-inertia wave equation is also employed to estimate the exit boundary condition. This procedure is basically in appreciation of the nonlinear behavior of the water surface closer to the exit boundary. Due to the existence of the sloping edges in the trapezoidal-shaped dam, an effective length is considered for the solution domain. Finally, the model is compared with observed data and a dynamic wave model. A very good match is observed, which builds confidence in the presented modeling approach.
Comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for trend identification in groundwater levels in Sirjan plain aquifer, Iran
Authors: Mirabbasi Rasoul , Ahmadi Farshad , Jhajharia Deepak 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present study, five parametric and non-parametric methods: linear regression (LR), conventional Mann–Kendall (MK), modified Mann–Kendall (MMK), Spearman's Rho (SR) and Innovative Trend Method (ITM) were used to identify trends in the groundwater levels of 60 piezometers distributed uniformly across Sirjan plain, Iran, from 2005 to 2018. The LR method was found to be affected by the presence of outliers and autocorrelation. The conventional non-parametric tests (MK and SR) were not able to offset the effects of the autocorrelations between the groundwater level data. The ITM method was also found to be a not so comprehensive and precise statistical tool for trend analysis because it does not provide a quantitative index for identifying trend significance. Therefore, the MMK test was found to be the most appropriate trend analysis method among the five trend identification methods used in this study by eliminating the effect of all significant autocorrelation coefficients. The results of the MMK test showed that the groundwater levels in Sirjan plain had witnessed significant decreasing trends during the study period. In only 24 months (out of a total 10,080 studied months), no significant decreasing trends in groundwater levels were observed.
Assessment of spatiotemporal characteristics of agro-meteorological drought events based on comparing Standardized Soil Moisture Index, Standardized Precipitation Index and Multivariate Standardized Drought Index
Authors: Khan Muhammad Imran , Zhu Xingye , Arshad Muhammad , Zaman Muhammad , Niaz Yasir , Ullah Ikram , Anjum Muhammad Naveed , Uzair Muhammad 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Drought indices that compute drought events by their statistical properties are essential stratagems for the estimation of the impact of drought events on a region. This research presents a quantitative investigation of drought events by analyzing drought characteristics, considering agro-meteorological aspects in the Heilongjiang Province of China during 1980 to 2015. To examine these aspects, the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and Multivariate Standardized Drought Index (MSDI) were used to evaluate the drought characteristics. The results showed that almost half of the extreme and exceptional drought events occurred during 1990–92 and 2004–05. The spatiotemporal analysis of drought characteristics assisted in the estimation of the annual drought frequency (ADF, 1.20–2.70), long-term mean drought duration (MDD, 5–11 months), mean drought severity (MDS, −0.9 to −2.9), and mild conditions of mean drought intensity (MDI, −0.2 to −0.80) over the study area. The results obtained by MSDI reveal the drought onset and termination based on the combination of SPI and SSI, with onset being dominated by SPI and drought persistence being more similar to SSI behavior. The results of this study provide valuable information and can prove to be a reference framework to guide agricultural production in the region.
Effect of saline drainage water on performance of denitrification bioreactors
Authors: Faramarzmanesh Sasan , Mashal Mahmoud , Ebrahim Hashemi Garmdareh Seyyed 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Excessive use of nitrate fertilizers in agriculture causes harm to humans and the environment. The most suitable nitrate removal process is heterotrophic biological denitrification. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the performance of three shapes of denitrification bioreactors: triangular, rectangular and semicircular. The main element that was used to remove nitrate was beech woodchips. The concentration of inlet nitrate was 75 mg/l and the salinity of the solution was 1 ds/m and 5 ds/m, for a period of six months. The results showed that the efficiency of the triangular bioreactor with a salinity level of 1 ds/m was 90%, which is more efficient than the rectangular and semicircular bioreactors with performances of 55.8% and 53.8%, respectively. The results also indicated that at a salinity level of 5 ds/m, the semicircular bioreactor with a performance of 50.8% inlet nitrate removal was the best of the three shapes of bioreactors tested, the efficiencies of the triangular and rectangular bioreactors were 49.9% and 48.6% respectively. Also, it was observed that at the salinity level of 1 ds/m, a high hydraulic retention time had a high positive effect on denitrification, on the other hand at the salinity level of 5 ds/m, there was better performance of denitrification if the hydraulic retention time was lower.
Separation of Indole-3-acetic Acid from Tryptophan by Bulk Liquid Membrane
Authors: Diaconu Ioana , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. , Orbeci Cristina , Bunaciu Andrei A. , Serban Ecaterina A. , Ruse Elena 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important growth hormone for plants
obtained by biosynthesis from tryptophan.

Aim:
In this paper was studied the competitive transport of two biologically active compounds, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)
and tryptophan (TRP) through a liquid membrane.

Methods:
The separation of the two compounds was obtained using a hybrid liquid membrane system having as a carrier
trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO).

Results:
The most important operational parameter of the system were studied, pH influence on the efficiency of the
transport process in correlation with the speciation diagrams of the two compounds: TRP and IAA. The evaluation of the
transport process was performed through calculating the composition of the phases at the end of the transport process and
the organic substrate flow at the membranes exit.

Conclusion:
Due to the transport efficiency of over 90% in the case of IAA and the high selectivity at the transport
between IAA and TRP, the procedure can be applied at the sample preparation containing these analytes.
Ciliary Flow of Casson Nanofluid with the Influence of MHD having Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Alblawi Adel , Keyani Saba , Nadeem S. , Issakhov Alibek , Alarifi Ibrahim M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
In this paper, we consider a model that describes the ciliary beating in the form
of metachronal waves along with the effects of Magnetohydrodynamic fluid over a curved channel
with slip effects. This work aims at evaluating the effect of Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) on the
steady two dimensional (2-D) mixed convection flow induced in carbon nanotubes. The work is done
for both the single wall nanotube and multiple wall nanotube. The right wall and the left wall possess
a metachronal wave that is travelling along the outer boundary of the channel.

Methods:
The wavelength is considered very large for cilia induced MHD flow. The governing linear
coupled equations are simplified by considering the approximations of long wavelength and small
Reynolds number. Exact solutions are obtained for temperature and velocity profiles. The analytical
expressions for the pressure gradient and wall shear stresses are obtained. The term for pressure rise
is obtained by applying Numerical integration method.

Results:
Numerical results of velocity profile are mentioned in a table form, for various values of
solid volume fraction, curvature, Hartmann number [M] and Casson fluid parameter [ζ]. The final
section of this paper is devoted to discussing the graphical results of temperature, pressure gradient,
pressure rise, shear stresses and stream functions.

Conclusion:
Velocity profile near the right wall of the channel decreases when we add nanoparticles
into our base fluid, whereas the opposite behaviour is depicted near the left wall due to ciliated tips,
whereas the temperature is an increasing function of B and γ and a decreasing function of Φ.
Students’ Confidence Instrument Analysis in Poetry Learning through Rasch Model
Authors: Rusmana Nandang , Hafina Anne , Wardhany Risnawati Oktavia , Suryana Dodi 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Students' low confidence becomes the reasons for conducting this research whereas it is one of the most important skills needed to develop ability and potency.

Objective:
This research aims to obtain information about Students' confidence levels in Bahasa Indonesia's subject, especially in poetry learning.

Materials and Methods:
This research employed a cross-sectional study with the quantitative approach. Participants of this research were 45 fifth grade students in Cibeureum Elementary School and 50th grade students in Kotabaru Elementary School 2019/2020 academic year. The self-report questionnaires were used as a research instrument to measure Students' confidence levels with the cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Partial Credit Model (PCM). These parameters are identified with the category coefficients and the scoring function of the Rasch model for polychotomous responses in which the latent trait is assumed uni-dimensional.

Results:
The trial results showed that as many as 13 items proved to be compatible with PCM instruments, the reliability of the instrument was 0.74, the item difficulty index started from -0.36 to 0.36 which meant that all items in the category were sufficient.

Conclusion:
This development instrument is valid and really measures the effect of student confidence on poetry learning, so it can be used to measure student confidence in poetry learning.
Hubungan Implementasi IPSG (International Patien Savety Goals) dengan Kepuasan Pasien di Puskesmas Kasihan I Bantul
Authors: Anggraini Anggi Napida , Anwar Choirul , Yulitasari Brune Indah 
Published: October 2020

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACK</strong></p><p>Kepuasan pasien adalah tingkat perasaan pasien yang timbul sebagai akibat dari kinerja pelayanan kesehatan yang diperolehnya setelah pasien membandingkannya dengan apa yang diharapkannya. Sampai saat ini masalah keselamatan pasien Rumah Sakit masih menjadi masalah global, <em>Joint Commission International </em>(JCI) &amp; <em>World Health Organitation</em>, menurut WHO dalam Ismiyati 2013, menyatakan bahwa kejadian infeksi nosocomial di rumah sakit mencapai 9% (variasi 3-21%) atau lebih dari 1,4 juta pasien rawat inap seluruh rumah sakit di dunia. Angka yang terbilang cukup tinggi untuk kejadian dalam penerapan <em>patient safety</em>. Mengetahui hubungan implementasi IPSG <em>(International Patien Savety Goals)</em>dengan kepuasan Pasien di Puskesmas Kasihan I Bantul. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian <em>Cross-sectional</em>. Pengambilan sampel mengunakan accidental sampling untuk kepuasan pasien dan purposive sampling untuk tenaga kesehatan. Instrumen penelitian mengunakan kuesioner dan ceklis observasi. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah C<em>hi Square. </em>Hasil uji statistik menunjukan ada hubungan antara Implementasi IPSG dengan kepuasan pasien dengan nilai <em>p-value </em>0,004 (0,005).</p><p> </p><p><strong>K</strong><strong>a</strong><strong>t</strong><strong>a Kunci: </strong>IPSG, <em>international, Patient, Savety, </em>kepuasan pasien</p>
New concrete: Medium strength self-compacting concrete in colombia- invention patent (march 2019)
Authors: De La Cruz Morales Claudia Jenny 
Published: October 2020

In civil construction, the need to seek greater durability in structures with a denser and more compact material, resistant to the attack of the environment and that demands a lower cost of maintenance and protection has promoted the development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) in the world. The results obtained with the use of SCC have been convincing for its use ratifying them as a new alternative that generates security, efficiency, speed, with ostensible improvements in the work environment and providing a significant economy in different ways, in the construction process. Hence the civil construction in Colombia requires the implementation of new efficient and sustainable technologies being the Medium-Low Resistance SCCs (SCC-MR) strength between 30 MPa-45 MPa) the first tool that guarantees a fluid concrete no problems of segregation or exudation in fresh condition. These properties are determined in the laboratory and in situ. This material in Colombia, has been developed in the Laboratory of Structures of the Faculty of Mines of the National University of Colombia- Medellin following the methodology proposed for HAC-RMs, with excellent results, as presented in this Article, for the firm ACCIONA of Spain, Expo-Camacol in Colombia, among others and whose conclusions allowed to patent for the Superintendence of Industry and Commerce, a new alternative of concrete in the world.
A ausente presença
Authors: Oliveira Cleide Maria de 
Published: October 2020

O artigo se propõe como um exercício interpretativo do livro Poemas malditos, gozosos e devotos (PMGD), de Hilda Hilst, poeta brasileira cuja obra é marcada por um desejo de “pensar a Deus”. Pensar o Deus pensado por Hilda Hilst pode ser uma chave de leitura rentável para aquele que se interessa pela relação entre literatura e teologia, não apenas na autora, e nessa perspectiva o livro de poemas em análise é fonte privilegiada para tanto visto que seja, em todos os seus 21 poemas, apóstrofes dirigidas a um Deus ausente cuja presença ansiada se demora como a de um amante voluntarioso. Por outro lado, é também nessa obra queencontramos de forma mais bem-acabada uma imago Dei que comparece de forma multifacetada em boa parte da lírica e da prosa hilstiana, o que faz desse um livro idiossincrático também para aqueles que desejam conhecer a complexa escrita hisltiana.