bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersectionality, positioning and narrative: exploring the utility of audio diaries in healthcare students’ workplace learning
Authors: Verma Arun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article explores how audio diaries enable researchers to make sense of issues pertaining to intersectionality, positioning and gender in workplace learning narratives. Literature supports the utility of audio diary methods as they offer researchers a unique lens to explore interactions between verbal and non‐verbal cues to investigate intersecting identities and positions with participants. In this paper, the author combines the richness of audio diaries with intersectionality and positioning theories to explore how identities are negotiated over time. This paper presents a narrative case study that examines intersectionality, gendered identities and professionalism in the context of male‐ or female‐dominated healthcare environments. The case sheds light on how audio diaries embrace complex qualitative data that can be utilised as a tool to cross disciplinary boundaries in the social sciences. The article demonstrates how underpinning audio diaries with feminist theory empowers participants to make sense of their intersecting identities, whilst nurturing an intimate dialogue between researcher and participant to explore tensions between language and identity. Further discussion considers how reflections are facilitated using audio diaries, with a focus on how theory and time can enable and strengthen the quality of the research process, data and analysis between researcher and participant.
Current status of WHO/DDH International Collaborative Study of Dental Manpower in Relation to Oral Health Status
Authors: Barmes David E. , Cohen Lois K. 
Published: August 2020

abstractThe International Collaborative Study of Dental Manpower Systems in Relation to Oral Health Status is being performed by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and is funded under a contract from that Department. Data collection comprising clinical, attitudinal and behavioral material was completed in Australia, Norway, New Zealand and the Federal Republic of Germany in 1973. The data collection for 1974 in Japan and Bulgaria remains to be performed. An analysis of the contributions of various manpower and system factors in relation to the effectiveness and efficiency of oral health care delivery should be complete in the first half of 1975.
Relationship of Serum Total Calcium and Albumin and Total Protein in Owl Monkeys (Aotus nancy mai)
Authors: Weller Richard E. , Buschbom Ray L. , Ragan Harvey A. , Baer Janet F. , Malaga Carlos A. 
Published: August 2020

A positive linear relationship was found between total calcium and albumin and between total calcium and total protein in the serum of 205 owl monkeys. Adjustment formulas for calcium were derived:
urn:x-wiley:00472565:jmp00450:equation:jmp00450-math-0001 and
urn:x-wiley:00472565:jmp00450:equation:jmp00450-math-0002Adjusted calcium calculations for monkeys based on albumin concentration were similar to those for man and dogs, but different from those based on total protein.
Plasma‐free amino acid concentrations during ketamine anesthesia in the rhesus monkey: A short methodological study
Authors: Berglund Lars , Gebre‐Medhin Mehari , Lindberg Bo S. 
Published: August 2020

The effect of ketamine anesthesia on the pattern of free amino acids in plasma was investigated in four healthy non‐pregnant rhesus monkeys. Blood samples were collected at intervals during a period of 150 min both with and without anesthesia. Repeated measures analysis of variance, with time and ketamine/control as trial factors, was used. In only four amino acids were any changes with time or with ketamine treatment observed, the rest remaining unchanged. Ketamine anesthesia seemed to reduce the concentrations of several amino acids, but the findings were not conclusive.
Effects of an intrauterine copper device on serum copper, endometrial histology, and ovarian, hepatic, and renal functions in the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata)
Authors: Shimizu Keiko , Nishikawa Takashi , Nozaki Masumi , Oshima Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2020

A copper intrauterine device (Cu‐IUD) was inserted transabdominally into the uterine cavity of eight Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata) for 4 to 6 months, and effects on various organ functions were examined. Results showed no significant effects on the menstrual cycle length, serum levels of LH, estradiol‐17β, progesterone or clinical biochemical data such as serum copper, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen. Histology revealed edema and infiltration of eosinophilic leukocytes in the endometrium treated with a Cu‐IUD.
Postnatal change in lipid composition and nerve conduction of peripheral nerves of young rhesus monkeys
Authors: Rana S.V. , Mehta S. , Chopra J.S. 
Published: August 2020

Body weight, motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities of fore and hind limbs, and lipid composition were measured sequentially in peripheral nerves of 15 rhesus monkeys. Initially measurements were made with monkeys six to eight months of age. There were significant increases in body weight, motor, and sensory nerve conduction and myelin marker lipids over a five months period, but no change was observed in free fatty acids, triglycerides, and esterified cholesterol. These results indicate that myelination continues at least for 11 to 13 months of postnatal age in rhesus monkeys.
Ontogeny of monooxygenase activities in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Schulz‐Schalge Thomas , Heger Wolfgang , Webb Jessie , Kastner Michael , Neubert Diether 
Published: August 2020

The pre‐ and postnatal development of monooxygenases in the liver and adrenal gland of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) was investigated. Cytochrome P450 was detected in the fetal adrenal gland, but aldrin epoxidase, ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase, and ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase activities were below detection limits. Although fetal hepatic cytochrome P450 was not detected, low activities of aldrin epoxidase and ethoxycoumarin O‐deethylase, but no ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase, could be detected in fetal liver. These enzymes attained adult marmosets activities when the offspring were approximately 2 months of age.
Survival of human monoclonal anti‐Rho (D) antibodies in the rhesus monkey
Authors: Blancher A. , Roubinet F. , Blanchard N. , Byrne P. , Broly H. , Ducos J. , Socha W.W. , Ruffie J. 
Published: August 2020

In vivo half‐life of a 125I‐labeled human anti‐D monoclonal antibody (mAb) and that of l31I‐labeled Rho‐GAM was assessed in a rhesus monkey injected simultaneously with both reagents. The half‐life of the mAb was 7.9 days, compared to 17 days of Rho‐GAM. Survival of the second dose of mAb, given 34 days after the first injection, was identical to that of the first dose, thus showing that the human mAb did not elicit an immune response. The in vitro produced human mAbs appear to be an alternative, unlimited source of anti‐D antibodies for possible use in prevention of feto‐maternal Rh immunization.
Influence of codoping with Hf and La on grain‐boundary transport in alumina
Authors: Wu Qian , Yu Zhiyang , Wang Yan , Diercks David , Gorman Brian P. , Rickman Jeffrey M. , Harmer Martin P. , Chan Helen M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe role of reactive elements (RE) is an important topic in understanding the oxidation behavior of high‐temperature alloys. In this work, the influence of codoping alumina with two different RE elements (500 ppm Hf + 500 ppm La) was studied. The kinetics of oxygen grain‐boundary (GB) transport were studied at 1400°C using metallic nickel particles as markers. The results were compared with data obtained on the corresponding singly doped compositions; alumina‐500 ppm La, and alumina‐500 ppm Hf. The results showed that singly doping with La did not have any benefit compared to undoped alumina, whereas singly doping with Hf resulted in a slowing of transport by a factor of ~7. The behavior of the codoped sample was very similar to that of the singly doped Hf composition. For all the studied compositions, atomic scale characterization using high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT) revealed strong segregation of the dopant ions to the alumina grain boundaries. In the codoped sample, APT revealed evidence of oxygen excess and aluminum depletion at the GB core.
The effects of nurse‐driven self‐management programs on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Helvaci Aylin , Gok Metin Zehra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo analyse the effects of nurse‐driven self‐management (SM) programs on physical and psychosocial health variables in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesAn exhaustive scanning of PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, CINAHL, ScienceDirect and Medline databases between January 2010–December 2019 was conducted for this meta‐analysis.Review MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to nurse‐driven SM programs in COPD population were included. The standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were determined for the main variables and heterogeneity was analysed using the I2 test. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) was used.ResultsTwelve studies were included. The results indicated that significant difference in physical health scores based on COPD Assessment Tool (CAT) and walking distance according to the 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) test in the intervention groups compared with the control groups. About psychosocial health findings, the quality of life increased and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores decreased following SM programs. All of the studies had good quality (varying from 5–8 points) according to The Modified Jadad Scale.ConclusionNurse‐driven SM programs may contribute to prognosis in patients with COPD. Due to methodological weaknesses in the included trials, high‐quality RCTs are needed to better determine the effects of nurse‐driven SM programs in the management of COPD. Nurse‐driven SM programs may be employed as a useful strategy to improve health status and QOL and psychosocial health in the COPD population, as well.ImpactCurrent evidence shows that nurse‐driven SM programs could be safely integrated into the clinical practice for patients with COPD. Future studies are warranted that evaluating the effects of nurse‐driven SM programs on other frequently observed COPD symptoms such as dyspnoea, fatigue and sleep disturbance.
Physical activity is associated with lower arterial stiffness in normal‐weight postmenopausal women
Authors: Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Tsoltos Nikolaos , Armeni Eleni , Paschou Stavroula A. , Augoulea Areti , Kaparos Georgios , Rizos Demetrios , Karagouni Iliana , Delialis Dimitris , Ioannou Sophia , Apostolakis Michail , Makrakis Evangelos , Lambrinoudaki Irene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe impact of physical exercise, as preventative measure, to control the progression of cardiovascular disease in midlife remains under investigation. We aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of intensity of physical activity on metabolic and vascular profile in healthy postmenopausal women. A total of 625 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 57.7 ± 7.6 years) were evaluated using the short IPAQ questionnaire for quantification of physical activity. The energy expenditure was estimated in metabolic equivalent of energy (MET) hours per week. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of arterial stiffness. Intima‐media thickness of both right and left common carotid artery, carotid bulb and internal carotid artery, and combined carotid IMT were also assessed by non‐invasive and well‐validated methods. Mean values of PWV decreased linearly with increasing intensity of physical activity (classes of physical activity: sedentary vs walking vs moderate vs vigorous activity: 9.07 ± 1.22 m/s vs 9.12 ± 1.72 m/s vs 8.47 ± 1.31m/s vs 7.94 ± 0.40 m/s, ANOVA P for linear trend .003). In non‐obese postmenopausal women, PWV values associated with: (a) the total number of METs (b‐coefficient = −0.261, P = .002) as well as with SBP; (b) or with the number of moderate METs (b‐coefficient = −0.192, P = .025) as well as with age and SBP. No significant associations were observed between the intensity of physical exercise and arterial stiffness in the overweight‐obese group. Physical activity is negatively associated with arterial stiffness in postmenopausal women with normal weight. This association was not observed in overweight or obese women.
Blood pressure, T cells, and mortality in people with HIV in Tanzania during the first 2 years of antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Reis Karl G. , Desderius Bernard , Kingery Justin , Kirabo Annet , Makubi Abel , Myalla Christina , Lee Myung Hee , Kapiga Saidi , Peck Robert N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiovascular disease is now a leading cause of mortality in people with HIV (PWH). High blood pressure is the major driver of cardiovascular disease. Despite this, little is known about blood pressure in PWH during the early years of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this prospective cohort study in Tanzania, the authors conducted unobserved blood pressure measurements at enrollment, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months in 500 PWH initiating ART and 504 HIV‐uninfected adults. The authors excluded measurements taken on antihypertensive medications. Although PWH had a significantly lower blood pressure before ART initiation, they had a significantly greater increase in blood pressure during the first 2 years of ART compared to HIV‐uninfected controls. Blood pressure correlates in PWH differed from HIV‐uninfected controls. In PWH, lower baseline CD4+ T‐cell counts were associated with lower blood pressure, and greater increases in CD4+ T‐cell counts on ART were associated with greater increases in blood pressure, both on average and within individuals. In addition, PWH with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) <90 mm Hg at the time of ART initiation had ~30% mortality in the following 3 months due to occult infections. These patients require careful investigation for occult infections, and those with tuberculosis may benefit from corticosteroids.
Two‐drug fixed‐dose combinations of blood pressure‐lowering drugs as WHO essential medicines: An overview of efficacy, safety, and cost
Authors: Salam Abdul , Huffman Mark D. , Kanukula Raju , Hari Prasad Esam , Sharma Abhishek , Heller David J. , Vedanthan Rajesh , Agarwal Anubha , Rodgers Anthony , Jaffe Marc G. , R. Frieden Thomas , Kishore Sandeep P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world's leading cause of death. High blood pressure (BP) is the leading global risk factor for all‐cause preventable morbidity and mortality. Globally, only about 14% of patients achieve BP control to systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Most patients (>60%) require two or more drugs to achieve BP control, yet poor adherence to therapy is a major barrier to achieving this control. Fixed‐dose combinations (FDCs) of BP‐lowering drugs are one means to improve BP control through greater adherence and efficacy, with favorable safety and cost profiles. The authors present a review of the supporting data from a successful application to the World Health Organization (WHO) for the inclusion of FDCs of two BP‐lowering drugs on the 21st WHO Essential Medicines List. The authors discuss the efficacy and safety of FDCs of two BP‐lowering drugs for the management of hypertension in adults, relevant hypertension guideline recommendations, and the estimated cost of such therapies.
Maternal exposure to cold spells during pregnancy is associated with higher blood pressure and hypertension in offspring later in life
Authors: Li Nanfang , Cai Li , Heizhati Mulalibieke , Wang Lin , Li Mei , Zhang Delian , Abulikemu Suofeiya , Yao Xiaoguang , Hong Jing , Zou Bo , Zhao Jianxin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether month of birth is associated with blood pressure (BP) and prevalent hypertension in adults from a region with frost‐free days of <150 days and average temperatures − 13°C in winter, Xinjiang, China. We analyzed data for 6158 subjects from several surveys. We divided participants into April to August (n = 2624) and September to March (n = 3534) groups, based on length of maternal exposure to cold months, and analyzed BP, prevalent hypertension, and related factors. Diastolic BP in total subjects and systolic and diastolic BP in male subjects born between April and August were significantly higher than in those born between September and March. In sensitivity analysis, untreated males born between April and August showed significantly higher systolic and diastolic BP than did their counterparts. Subjects born between April and August showed significantly higher prevalence of hypertension (31.3% vs 27.8%, P = .003), and isolated systolic (23.3% vs 20.8%, P = .018) and diastolic hypertension (24.5% vs 21.4%, P = .004), than those born between September and March, which is similar for men. Birth between April and August showed 1.68 (95% CI: 1.06‐2.67, P = .027)‐fold increased odds for the prevalence of hypertension, independent of gender, age, body mass index, waist circumference, cigarette consumption, alcohol intake, and family history, compared with their counterparts. In conclusion, maternal exposure to cold spells during pregnancy may be associated with the increased risk of hypertension in offspring later in life, particularly among males, suggesting the involvement of maternal cold exposure during pregnancy in offspring hypertension development.
Astaxanthin attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through lncITPF and mitochondria‐mediated signal pathways
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Wang Jing , Li Rongrong , Lv Changjun , Xu Pan , Wang Youlei , Song Xiaodong , Zhang Jinjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by pulmonary epithelial injury, fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix deposition, and tissue structure destruction. However, an effective drug treatment remains unavailable. Therefore, studying the mechanism of pulmonary fibrogenesis and finding effective drugs have become important problems in the field of respiratory diseases. Pulmonary fibrosis is typically characterized by activated fibroblast proliferation and migration. Hence, abnormality in activated fibroblast proliferation and migration is a major concern for treating pulmonary fibrosis. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is an enigmatic subclass of ncRNA that regulates various fundamental biological processes and participates in disease occurrence and development. However, studies on lncRNA as the therapeutic target of drug action are rarely reported. Our group first identified differentially expressed lncRNAs and revealed that lncITPF is a highly upregulated lncRNA in lung fibrosis. In particular, lncITPF is detected in the blood of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clinical analysis shows that lncITPF is positively correlated with the degree of fibrosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicates that the specificity and sensitivity values are 95.0 and 64.3, respectively. The area under the ROC curve is 0.804, indicating that lncITPF can be a diagnostic biomarker for IPF. However, whether lncITPF is effective as a therapeutic target of drug action against pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, lncITPF acting as the therapeutic target of astaxanthin was explored in depth. The findings elucidated that astaxanthin blocks the activated fibroblast proliferation and migration through lncITPF and mitochondria‐mediated signal pathways to alleviate pulmonary fibrogenesis.
Activation of ER stress signalling increases mortality after a major trauma
Authors: Abdullahi Abdikarim , Barayan Dalia , Vinaik Roohi , Diao Li , Yu Nancy , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) adapts to stress by activating a signalling cascade known as the ER stress response. While ER stress signalling is a central component of the cellular defence against environmental insult, persistent activation is thought to contribute to the progression of various metabolic complications via loss of protein function and cell death. Despite its importance however, whether and how ER stress impacts morbidity and mortality in conditions of hypermetabolism remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that chronic ER stress response plays a role in mediating adverse outcomes that occur after major trauma. Using a murine model of thermal injury, we show that induction of ER stress with Tunicamycin not only increased mortality but also resulted in hepatic damage and hepatic steatosis. Importantly, post‐burn treatment with chaperone ER stress inhibitors attenuated hepatic ER stress and improved organ function following injury. Our study identifies ER stress as a potential hub of the signalling network affecting multiple aspects of metabolism after major trauma and as a novel potential molecular target to improve the clinical outcomes of severely burned patients.
BDNF promoted osteoblast migration and fracture healing by up‐regulating integrin β1 via TrkB‐mediated ERK1/2 and AKT signalling
Authors: Zhang Zitao , Hu Polu , Wang Zhen , Qiu Xusheng , Chen Yixin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to participate in fracture healing, whereas the mechanism is still unclear. Since osteoblast migration is important for fracture healing, investigating effects of BDNF on osteoblasts migration may help to reveal its mechanism. Here, MC3T3‐E1 cells were used in vitro while closed femur fracture mice were applied in vivo. Cells migration was assessed with Transwell assay. The protein expression was analysed by immunoblotting. X‐ray and Micro‐CT were performed at different time after fracture. Our results showed that BDNF promoted MC3T3‐E1 cells migration, integrin β1 expression and ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. K252a, a specific inhibitor for TrkB, suppressed BDNF‐induced migration, integrin β1 expression and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) and LY294002 (an AKT inhibitor) both inhibited BDNF‐induced migration and integrin β1 expression while integrin β1 blocking antibody only suppressed cell migration. X‐ray and Micro‐CT analyses showed that the adenoviral carried integrin β1 shRNA group had slower fracture healing at 7 and 21 days, but not 35 days compared to the control group. Thus, we proposed that BDNF stimulated MC3T3‐E1 cells migration by up‐regulating integrin β1 via TrkB mediated ERK1/2 and AKT signalling, and this may help to enhance the fracture healing.