bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency regulation of modern power system using novel hybrid DE-DA algorithm
Authors: Sinha Sayantan , Mallick Ranjan Kumar 
Published: March 2020

<p>An attempt has been made to regulate the frequency of an interconnected modern power system using automatic generation control under a restructured market scenario. The system model considered consists of a thermal generation plant coupled with a gas turbine plant in both areas. The presence of deregulated market scenario in an interconnected power system makes it too vulnerable to small load disturbance giving rise to frequency and tie line power imbalances. An attempt has been made to introduce a novel Tilted Integral derivative controller to minimize the frequency and tie line power deviations and restrict them to scheduled values. A maiden attempt has been made to tune the controller gains with the help of a novel hybrid optimization scheme which includes the amalgamation of the exploitative nature of the Differential evolution technique and the explorative attributes of the Dragonfly Algorithm. This hybrid technique is therefore coined as Differential evolution- dragonfly algorithm (DE-DA) technique. Use of some standard benchmark fucntions are made to prove the efficacy of the proposed scheme in tunig the controller gains. The supremacy of the proposed TID controller is examined under two individual market scenarios and under the effect of a step load disturbance. The robustness of the controller in minimizing frequency deviations in the systems is broadly showcased. The superiority of the controller is also proved by comparing it with pre published results.</p>
Performance evaluation and comparison of diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid inverter based on PD and APOD modulation techniques
Authors: Susheela N. , Kumar P. Satish 
Published: March 2020

<p>The popularity of multilevel inverters have increasing over the years in various applications without use of a transformer and has many benefits. This work presents the performance and comparative analysis of single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and a hybrid inverter with reduced number of components. As there are some drawbacks of diode clamped multilevel inverter such as requiring higher number of components, PWM control method is complex and capacitor voltage balancing problem, an implementation of hybrid inverter that requires fewer components and less carrier signals when compared to conventional multilevel inverters is discussed. The performance of single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid multilevel inverter for seven, nine and eleven levels is performed using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques. Both the multilevel inverter are implemented for the above mentioned multicarrier based Pulse Width Modulation methods for R and R-L loads. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated at various modulation indices. The analysis of the multilevel inverters is done by simulation in matlab / simulink environment.</p>
Solar energy storage and release application of water-phase change material- (SnO2-TaC) and (SnO2–SiC) nanoparticles system
Authors: Rashid Farhan Lafta , Hadi Aseel , Ali Abid Ammar , Hashim Ahmed 
Published: March 2020

<p>The thermal energy storage and release application of water- phase change material- (SnO<sub>2</sub>-TaC) and (SnO<sub>2</sub>–SiC) nanoparticles system has been investigated for cooling and heating applications. The water - polyethylene glycolwith (SnO<sub>2</sub>-TaC) and (SnO<sub>2</sub>–SiC) nanoparticles have been used. The results showed that the melting and solidification times for storage and release of thermal energy of water - polyethylene glycoldecrease with increase in(SnO<sub>2</sub>-TaC) and (SnO<sub>2</sub>–SiC) nanoparticles concentrations. The melting and solidification times decrease with increasing of TaC nanoparticles concentrations to water-polyethylene glycol/SnO<sub>2</sub>nanofluidand SiC nanoparticles concentrations to water-polyethylene glycol/SnO<sub>2</sub>nanofluid.<strong></strong></p>
Distinguishing Characteristics of Spring and Summer Onset El Niño Events
Authors: Xu Hua , Xu Jianjun , Liu Chunlei , Ou Niansen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEl Niño events can be classified into two categories according to the onset time: the spring (SP) El Niño with onset time from April to June and the summer (SU) El Niño with onset time from July to October. The SP El Niño is a basin-scale phenomenon and is closer to the conventional ENSO. It goes through the earlier and stronger heat build-up process, and the earlier occurrence of westerlies in the equatorial Pacific, which can partly explain its earlier onset time. For SU El Niño, in contrast, the anomalous signals, such as SSTAs, zonal wind anomalies, and subsurface variations, are much weaker, which can be attributed to the weaker accumulation of warm water and shorter duration of positive Bjerknes feedback. During its peak phase, anomalous southeasterlies over the eastern Pacific enhance the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback and impede the development of positive SSTAs there, and then lead to a west shift of SSTA center. Recharge/discharge processes exist in both types of events but are weaker in the SU type, which may be caused by the lack of meridional Sverdrup transports as a result of weak zonal wind anomalies. A heat budget analysis demonstrates that the relative importance of thermocline (TH) and zonal advective (ZA) feedbacks in SP and SU El Niño is different. In SP El Niño, the TH feedback is dominant compared to ZA feedback in both the GODAS and SODA datasets. In SU El Niño, however, these two terms are equally important in GODAS, but not in the SODA dataset.
A Survey of Educational Provisions for the Institutionalized Mentally Subnormal Blind
Authors: Boly Louis F. , Deleo Gertrude M. 
Published: March 2020

A survey of the educational provisions for the blind mentally subnormal was conducted with 52 of the 104 state institutions replying to the mailed questionnaire. The results of the survey indicate considerable variation between institutions in terms of the number of blind in residence, educational provisions, existing curricula and educational activities, and underlying philosophies regarding the abilities and needs of this population.
Acid–base kinetics during hemodialysis using bicarbonate and lactate as dialysate buffer bases based on the H+ mobilization model
Authors: Leypoldt John K , Pietribiasi Mauro , Ebinger Anna , Kraus Michael A , Collins Allan , Waniewski Jacek 
Published: March 2020

Background: The H+ mobilization model has been recently reported to accurately describe intradialytic kinetics of plasma bicarbonate concentration; however, the ability of this model to predict changing bicarbonate kinetics after altering the hemodialysis treatment prescription is unclear. Methods: We considered the H+ mobilization model as a pseudo-one-compartment model and showed theoretically that it can be used to determine the acid generation (or production) rate for hemodialysis patients at steady state. It was then demonstrated how changes in predialytic, intradialytic, and immediate postdialytic plasma bicarbonate (or total carbon dioxide) concentrations can be calculated after altering the hemodialysis treatment prescription. Results: Example calculations showed that the H+ mobilization model when considered as a pseudo-one-compartment model predicted increases or decreases in plasma total carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the entire treatment when the dialysate bicarbonate concentration is increased or decreased, respectively, during conventional thrice weekly hemodialysis treatments. It was further shown that this model allowed prediction of the change in plasma total carbon dioxide concentration after transfer of patients from conventional thrice weekly to daily hemodialysis using both bicarbonate and lactate as dialysate buffer bases. Conclusion: The H+ mobilization model can predict changes in plasma bicarbonate or total carbon dioxide concentration during hemodialysis after altering the hemodialysis treatment prescription.
Effectiveness of Steroid Treatment for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Jinfei , Ding Lei 
Published: March 2020

Background: The best way to administer steroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is still unclear. The present study was aimed at estimating the efficacy of steroids by intratympanic, systemic, and combined therapy (CT) routes. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed from 1950 to October 2019 for randomized controlled trials comparing the use of intratympanic, systemic, and combined steroid therapy for SSHL. The outcomes of recovery rate and pure tone average (PTA) improvement were assessed by random-effects and fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results: A total of 20 articles identified from 7 countries were eligible for analysis. Although no significant difference in recovery rate was observed between intratympanic steroid therapy (IST) and systemic steroid therapy (SST), IST did demonstrate better hearing improvement, as evidenced by a higher PTA than SST. Compared with SST, CT comprising IST and SST had significant recovery rate improvement. Patients treated with CT had a significantly higher PTA than those treated with SST. Through subgroup analysis based on the equivalent dose of prednisone, it was shown that CT led to a significantly higher PTA than SST only in the high-dose CT versus high-dose SST groups and moderate-dose CT versus high-dose SST groups. Conclusion: Moderate and high dose of CT could accelerate hearing improvement in SSHL.
Functional Results of All-Inside Arthroscopic Broström-Gould Surgery With 2 Anchors Versus Single Anchor
Authors: Feng Shi-Ming , Wang Ai-Guo , Sun Qing-Qing , Zhang Zai-Yi 
Published: March 2020

Background: The all-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould technique gained particular attention among clinicians and researchers due to its high rate of satisfactory results. Thus far, there is a lack of evidence regarding the differences in clinical outcomes between the use of 1 anchor and 2 anchors. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in clinical function and activity levels in patients treated with 1 or 2 anchors in all-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould surgery for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). Methods: The data of 75 patients with CLAI (unilateral) admitted from May 2013 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with all-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould surgery. The patients were divided into a single-anchor group ( n = 36) and double-anchor group ( n = 39) according to the number of anchors used. There was no statistical difference in general characteristics between the 2 groups before surgery. After 36 to 72 months of follow-up, the pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Karlsson Ankle Functional Score (KAFS), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) were used to evaluate and compare the clinical function results between the 2 groups. Results: The incidence of wound complications; reaction to the suture; injury to the nerve, blood vessel, or tendon; and length of postoperative hospitalization were similar between the 2 groups. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the VAS and AOFAS scores between single- and double-anchor groups, but the KAFS and FAOS in the double-anchor group were significantly higher than in the single-anchor group. Additionally, more patients in the double-anchor group returned to preinjury sports activities. Conclusion: All-inside arthroscopic Broström-Gould surgery for the treatment of CLAI yielded a better functional effect and better recovery to preinjury mobility when 2 anchors were used instead of a single anchor. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Myocarditis in athletes: A clinical perspective
Authors: Halle Martin , Binzenhöfer Leonhard , Mahrholdt Heiko , Johannes Schindler Michael , Esefeld Katrin , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Myocarditis is an important cause of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in both physically active individuals and athletes. Elite athletes seem to have an increased risk for viral infection and subsequent myocarditis due to increased exposure to pathogens (worldwide traveling/international competition) or impaired immune system (continuing training during infections/resuming training early thereafter, strenuous exercise training or competition, and exercising in extreme weather conditions). Initial clinical presentation is variable, but athletes characteristically express non-specific symptoms of fatigue, muscle soreness, increased heart rate at rest, as well as during exercise and reduced overall exercise capacity. Beyond resting electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac biomarkers, echocardiography, and 24-hour Holter ECG, diagnostic work-up should include cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) assessing inflammation, oedema, and fibrosis by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), respectively, as these measures are crucial for prognosis and sports eligibility. For patients with insufficient cardiac recovery, endomyocardial biopsy is recommended to clarify differential diagnoses and initiate specific treatment options. In uncomplicated cases with normal left ventricular function during acute phase and absent LGE, eligibility for sports can be attested to three months after clinical recovery. In those with persistent pathological findings, even after six months, the risk for SCD remains increased and resuming exercise beyond recreational activities can only be recommended individually based on course of disease, left ventricular function, arrhythmias, pattern of LGE in CMR, as well as intensity and volume of exercise performed during training and competition. For all athletes, follow-up examination should be performed yearly.
Genome-wide association studies for yield component traits in a macadamia breeding population
Authors: O’Connor Katie , Hayes Ben , Hardner Craig , Nock Catherine , Baten Abdul , Alam Mobashwer , Henry Robert , Topp Bruce 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreeding for new macadamia cultivars with high nut yield is expensive in terms of time, labour and cost. Most trees set nuts after four to five years, and candidate varieties for breeding are evaluated for at least eight years for various traits. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are promising methods to reduce evaluation and selection cycles by identifying genetic markers linked with key traits, potentially enabling early selection through marker-assisted selection. This study used 295 progeny from 32 full-sib families and 29 parents (18 phenotyped) which were planted across four sites, with each tree genotyped for 4113 SNPs. ASReml-R was used to perform association analyses with linear mixed models including a genomic relationship matrix to account for population structure. Traits investigated were: nut weight (NW), kernel weight (KW), kernel recovery (KR), percentage of whole kernels (WK), tree trunk circumference (TC), percentage of racemes that survived from flowering through to nut set, and number of nuts per raceme.ResultsSeven SNPs were significantly associated with NW (at a genome-wide false discovery rate of < 0.05), and four with WK. Multiple regression, as well as mapping of markers to genome assembly scaffolds suggested that some SNPs were detecting the same QTL. There were 44 significant SNPs identified for TC although multiple regression suggested detection of 16 separate QTLs.ConclusionsThese findings have important implications for macadamia breeding, and highlight the difficulties of heterozygous populations with rapid LD decay. By coupling validated marker-trait associations detected through GWAS with MAS, genetic gain could be increased by reducing the selection time for economically important nut characteristics. Genomic selection may be a more appropriate method to predict complex traits like tree size and yield.
Concordance rate between copy number variants detected using either high- or medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotype panels and the potential of imputing copy number variants from flanking high density single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in cattle
Authors: Rafter Pierce , Gormley Isobel Claire , Parnell Andrew C. , Kearney John Francis , Berry Donagh P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The trading of individual animal genotype information often involves only the exchange of the called genotypes and not necessarily the additional information required to effectively call structural variants. The main aim here was to determine if it is possible to impute copy number variants (CNVs) using the flanking single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotype structure in cattle. While this objective was achieved using high-density genotype panels (i.e., 713,162 SNPs), a secondary objective investigated the concordance of CNVs called with this high-density genotype panel compared to CNVs called from a medium-density panel (i.e., 45,677 SNPs in the present study). This is the first study to compare CNVs called from high-density and medium-density SNP genotypes from the same animals. High (and medium-density) genotypes were available on 991 Holstein-Friesian, 1015 Charolais, and 1394 Limousin bulls. The concordance between CNVs called from the medium-density and high-density genotypes were calculated separately for each animal. A subset of CNVs which were called from the high-density genotypes was selected for imputation. Imputation was carried out separately for each breed using a set of high-density SNPs flanking the midpoint of each CNV. A CNV was deemed to be imputed correctly when the called copy number matched the imputed copy number.

Results
For 97.0% of CNVs called from the high-density genotypes, the corresponding genomic position on the medium-density of the animal did not contain a called CNV. The average accuracy of imputation for CNV deletions was 0.281, with a standard deviation of 0.286. The average accuracy of imputation of the CNV normal state, i.e. the absence of a CNV, was 0.982 with a standard deviation of 0.022. Two CNV duplications were imputed in the Charolais, a single CNV duplication in the Limousins, and a single CNV duplication in the Holstein-Friesians; in all cases the CNV duplications were incorrectly imputed.

Conclusion
The vast majority of CNVs called from the high-density genotypes were not detected using the medium-density genotypes. Furthermore, CNVs cannot be accurately predicted from flanking SNP haplotypes, at least based on the imputation algorithms routinely used in cattle, and using the SNPs currently available on the high-density genotype panel.
Trends in microbial profile of burn patients following an event of dust explosion at a tertiary medical center
Authors: Chen Yin-Yin , Wu Ping-Feng , Chen Chii-Shya , Chen Ian-Horng , Huang Wan-Tsuei , Wang Fu-Der 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Microbial infection is the main cause of increased morbidity and mortality in burn patients, especially infections caused by multiple drug-resistant organisms (MDRO). The purpose of this study was to explore major microbial trends in burn patients.

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at burn wards and intensive care units, where burn patients were admitted following an event of dust explosion. Data were collected for a number of variables including severity of burns, demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and therapeutic devices.

Results
A total of 1132 specimens were collected from 37 hospitalized burn patients with mean TBSA of 46.1%.The most commonly isolated species were Staphylococcus spp. (22.4%). The highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed in carbapenem–resistant A. baumannii (14.6%), followed by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (11.3%). For each additional 10% TBSA, the isolation of MDRO increased 2.58–17.57 times (p < 0.05); for each additional 10% of the third-degree burn severity, the risk of MDRO significantly decreased by 47% (95% CI, 0.38–0.73, p < 0.001) by Cox model.

Conclusions
The proportion of overall microbial isolates increased with the increase in TBSA and duration of time after burns. The extent of TBSA was the most important factor affecting MDRO.
Sarcopenia as a predictor of mortality in women with breast cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ming , Dou Qing-Li , Zeng Yingchun , Yang Yunzhi , Cheng Andy S. K. , Zhang Wen-Wu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Recently, studies have been published with inconsistent findings regarding whether sarcopenia is a risk factor for mortality in breast cancer patients. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to systematically assess and quantify sarcopenia as a risk factor for mortality in breast cancer patients.

Methods
In a systematic literature review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL Library, we searched for observational studies written in English (from database inception until April 30, 2019) that reported an association between sarcopenia and breast cancer in women who were 18 years or older.

Results
A total of six studies (5497 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. Breast cancer patients with sarcopenia were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality, compared to breast cancer patients without sarcopenia (pooled HR-hazard ratio = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25–2.33, I2 = 59.1%). In addition, the results of age subgroup analysis showed that participants younger than 55 years with sarcopenia had a lower risk of mortality than participants aged 55 years and older with sarcopenia (pooled HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24–1.72 versus pooled HR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05–3.78), whereas both have an increased risk of mortality compared to non-sarcopenic patients. Subgroup analyses regarding stage at diagnosis revealed an increased risk of mortality in non-metastatic patients compared to participants without sarcopenia (pooled HR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.32–2.78), whereas the association was not significant in metastatic breast cancer patients. Other subgroup analyses were performed using different follow-up periods (> 5 years versus ≤5 years) and the results were different (pooled HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.23–2.65 versus pooled HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.80–3.62).

Conclusions
The present study found that sarcopenia is a risk factor for mortality among female early breast cancer patients. It is imperative that more research into specific interventions aimed at treating sarcopenia be conducted in the near future in order to provide evidence which could lead to decreased mortality rates in breast cancer patients.