bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretations of and management actions following ECGs in programmatic cardiovascular care in primary care: A retrospective dossier study
Authors: Van den Nieuwenhof N. , Willemsen R. T. A. , Konings K. T. S. , Stoffers H. E. J. H. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The usefulness of routine electrocardiograms (ECGs) in cardiovascular risk management (CVRM) and diabetes care is doubted.

Objectives
To assess the performance of general practitioners (GPs) in embedding ECGs in CVRM and diabetes care.

Methods
We collected 852 ECGs recorded by 20 GPs (12 practices) in the context of CVRM and diabetes care. Of all abnormal (n = 265) and a sample of the normal (n = 35) ECGs, data on the indications, interpretations and management actions were extracted from the corresponding medical records. An expert panel consisting of one cardiologist and one expert GP reviewed these 300 ECG cases.

Results
GPs found new abnormalities in 13.0% of all 852 ECGs (12.0% in routinely recorded ECGs versus 24.3% in ECGs performed for a specific indication). Management actions followed more often after ECGs performed for specific indications (17.6%) than after routine ECGs (6.0%). The expert panel agreed with the GPs’ interpretations in 67% of the 300 assessed cases. Most often misinterpreted relevant ECG abnormalities were previous myocardial infarction, R‑wave abnormalities and typical/atypical ST-segment and T‑wave (ST-T) abnormalities. Agreement on patient management between GP and expert panel was 74%. Disagreement in most cases concerned additional diagnostic testing.

Conclusions
In the context of programmatic CVRM and diabetes care by GPs, the yield of newly found ECG abnormalities is modest. It is higher for ECGs recorded for a specific reason. Educating GPs seems necessary in this field since they perform less well in interpreting and managing CVRM ECGs than in ECGs performed in symptomatic patients.
Teaching About Sexualized Violence in Educational and Clinical Institutions: Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary University Curriculum
Authors: Stück Elisabeth , Wazlawik Martin , Stehr Jasmin , Sehner Susanne , Schwerdt Daniel , Christmann Bernd , Dekker Arne 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionSexualized violence is still a rather avoided topic in teaching at German universities, even though a remarkable proportion of the German population experienced child sexual abuse, including many in institutional settings (e.g., schools, clubs of leisure activities). This study examines the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary university curriculum about sexualized violence in educational and clinical institutions.MethodsStudents participated in seminars about sexualized violence, sexual socialization and education, and professionalism and ethics. In 2017/2018,n = 156 students assessed the curriculum before, immediately after and/or 6 months after participating. The assessment covers knowledge about and confidence in handling issues of sexualized violence and attitudes toward sex-related myths. The same questionnaires were used in a control group (n = 54).ResultsIn the curriculum group, self-assessed and declarative knowledge improved, the students were more confident in their abilities to handle issues of sexualized violence in a professional way, and sex-related myths were rejected even more strongly after the curriculum.ConclusionThe findings suggest that awareness and knowledge about sexualized violence in institutions can be increased and sustained through the use of the curriculum “Sexualized Violence in Institutions.” These encouraging results suggest that the curriculum should be taught in pedagogical and clinical disciplines at more universities.Policy ImplicationsIn view of the decentralized education system in Germany and the freedom of research and teaching at German universities, the curriculum can only be implemented on a voluntary basis. However, in terms of education policy, such an implementation could be supported by state-funded programs that provide lecturers both with necessary qualifications and necessary resources.
Effect of water and gas injection schemes on synthetic oil rim models
Authors: Olabode Oluwasanmi A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOil recovery in oil rim reservoirs is usually affected by reservoir and operational parameters. An experiment was designed to develop various types of oil rims with a broader range of uncertainties. Mensuration analysis was used to create the basic grid designs, while the Eclipse software was used to incorporate pressure, volume and temperature and reservoir fluid properties to create a black oil model for oil rims. The reservoir models were conditioned to a simultaneous production scheme through which a response surface model was generated to represent oil recovery for all the models. The models were later classified into drive mechanisms based on the results from the Pareto analysis. Various secondary injection schemes were carried out based on reservoir geometry to investigate their response on oil recovery. Results show that for single injection schemes, oil recovery from water down-dip (6.5%) and water up-dip (4.37%) was higher than gas scheme injection for reservoir model 10. Oil recovered from up-dip and down-dip water injection (7.1%) was higher than gas up-dip and down-dip injection (0.03%) for reservoir model 10, and for the same model, an oil recovery of 7.7% and 5.63% was recorded for gas up-dip and water down-dip injection and gas down-dip and water up-dip injection, respectively. The final analysis shows that there is an appreciable increase in oil recovery when injection rates are increased as seen in water down-dip and up-dip injection with 15.43% recovery for reservoir model 10.
On the fold thickness of graphs
Authors: Campeña Francis Joseph H. , Gervacio Severino V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe graph $$G'$$

G
′

obtained from a graph G by identifying two nonadjacent vertices in G having at least one common neighbor is called a 1-fold of G. A sequence $$G_0, G_1, G_2, \ldots , G_k$$

G
0

,

G
1

,

G
2

,
…
,

G
k

of graphs such that $$G_0=G$$

G
0

=
G

and $$G_i$$

G
i

is a 1-fold of $$G_{i-1}$$

G

i
-
1

for each $$i=1, 2, \ldots , k$$

i
=
1
,
2
,
…
,
k

is called a uniform k-folding of G if the graphs in the sequence are all singular or all nonsingular. The fold thickness of G is the largest k for which there is a uniform k-folding of G. We show here that the fold thickness of a singular bipartite graph of order n is $$n-3$$

n
-
3

. Furthermore, the fold thickness of a nonsingular bipartite graph is 0, i.e., every 1-fold of a nonsingular bipartite graph is singular. We also determine the fold thickness of some well-known families of graphs such as cycles, fans and some wheels. Moreover, we investigate the fold thickness of graphs obtained by performing operations on these families of graphs. Specifically, we determine the fold thickness of graphs obtained from the cartesian product of two graphs and the fold thickness of a disconnected graph whose components are all isomorphic.
Procalcitonin (PCT) – ein Biomarker in der Sepsisdiagnostik
Authors: Zulauf N. , Passek K. , Wanke E. , Oremek G. M. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Bestimmung von Procalcitonin im Serum stellt einen wesentlichen Bestandteil der Diagnostik, Verlaufskontrolle und Therapieüberwachung septischer Infektionen dar. Das Procalcitonin ist ein Marker, der in der Diagnostik von Infektionen, schweren Entzündungen und Sepsis wertvolle und therapieentscheidende Aussagen ermöglicht. Er sollte allerdings nicht zum Screening asymptomatischer Personen im Rahmen arbeitsmedizinischer Vorsorgen oder sog. Manager-Untersuchungen genutzt werden, sondern lediglich beim klinischen Verdacht einer vorliegenden systemischen Infektion bei entsprechenden Symptomen.
Self-optimising reactive extractions: towards the efficient development of multi-step continuous flow processes
Authors: Clayton Adam D. , Power Luke A. , Reynolds William R. , Ainsworth Caroline , Hose David R. J. , Jones Martin F. , Chamberlain Thomas W. , Blacker A. John , Bourne Richard A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDownstream purification of products and intermediates is essential for the development of continuous flow processes. Described herein, is a study on the use of a modular and reconfigurable continuous flow platform for the self-optimisation of reactive extractions and multi-step reaction-extraction processes. The selective extraction of one amine from a mixture of two similar amines was achieved with an optimum separation of 90%, and in this case, the black-box optimisation approach was superior to global polynomial modelling. Furthermore, this methodology was utilised to simultaneously optimise the continuous flow synthesis and work-up of N-benzyl-α-methylbenzylamine with respect to four variables, resulting in a significantly improved purity.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: A Business Ethical Assessment
Authors: KRIEBITZ Alexander , LÜTGE Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has evolved as a disruptive technology, impacting a wide range of human rights-related issues ranging from discrimination to supply chain due diligence. Given the increasing human rights obligations of companies and the intensifying discourse on AI and human rights, we shed light on the responsibilities of corporate actors in terms of human rights standards in the context of developing and using AI. What implications do human rights obligations have for companies developing and using AI? In our article, we discuss firstly whether AI inherently conflicts with human rights and human autonomy. Next, we discuss how AI might be linked to the beneficence criterion of AI ethics and how AI might be applied in human rights-related areas. Finally, we elaborate on individual aspects of what it means to conform to human rights, addressing AI-specific problem areas.
Atypical reproduction in a syllid worm: the stolon ofSyllis rosea(Annelida, Syllidae) takes care of its offspring
Authors: Langeneck Joachim , Del Pasqua Michela , Licciano Margherita , Giangrande Adriana , Musco Luigi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe family Syllidae, aside from representing the most species-rich family in Annelida, is characterized by a number of sexual and asexual reproductive strategies. With the exception of a few viviparous species, the subfamily Syllinae is characterized by schizogamous reproduction with pelagic larval stages and without parental care. Laboratory rearing of ripe specimens ofSyllis roseashowed a different reproductive strategy, hitherto unknown in this subfamily. While male stolons rapidly degenerated after fertilization, female ones released large eggs in a gelatinous cluster attached to the middle-posterior chaetigers. The gel mass progressively compacted as a cocoon wrapped by the stolon body; 7 days after the deposition the larvae hatched out from the cocoon at the metatrochophore stage and the female stolon died after a few days. After hatching the larvae remained associated to the stolon, and young specimens ofS. roseasurvived up to the 3-chaetiger stage. Until now cocoon brooding by the stolon has only been reported for some Autolytinae. The production of gelatinous egg masses and parental care are known in basally branching clades within Syllidae, suggesting that this reproduction mode might retain some ancestral features. The scarce knowledge about reproductive cycles in Syllinae does not allow clarification whether this strategy is unique forS. rosea, or it occurs in other congeneric species. Further research is needed to understand possible relationships between sexual reproduction and phylogeny, stolon morphology and its adaptation to parental care, and ultimately between reproductive strategies and ecology.
Global transmission and evolutionary dynamics of the Chikungunya virus
Authors: Deeba F. , Haider M. S. H. , Ahmed A. , Tazeen A. , Faizan M. I. , Salam N. , Hussain T. , Alamery S. F. , Parveen S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging pathogen of global importance. We attempted to gain an insight into the organisation, distribution and mutational load of the virus strains reported from different parts of the world. We describe transmission dynamics and genetic characterisation of CHIKV across the globe during the last 65 years from 1952 to 2017. The evolutionary pattern of CHIKV was analysed using the E1 protein gene through phylogenetic, Bayesian and Network methods with a dataset of 265 sequences from various countries. The time to most recent common ancestor of the virus was estimated to be 491 years ago with an evolutionary rate of 2.78 × 10−4 substitutions/site/year. Genetic characterisation of CHIKV strains was carried out in terms of variable sites, selection pressure and epitope mapping. The neutral selection pressure on the E1 gene of the virus suggested a stochastic process of evolution. We identified six potential epitope peptides in the E1 protein showing substantial interaction with human MHC-I and MHC-II alleles. The present study augments global epidemiological and population dynamics of CHIKV warranting undertaking of appropriate control measures. The identification of epitopic peptides can be useful in the development of epitope-based vaccine strategies against this re-emerging viral pathogen.
The Impact of Mass Gatherings on Emergency Department Patient Presentations with Communicable Diseases Related to Syndromic Indicators: An Integrative Review
Authors: Qiu Yunjing (Shirley) , Crilly Julia , Zimmerman Peta-Anne , Ranse Jamie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground:Mass-gathering events (MGEs) are commonly associated with a higher than average rate of morbidity. Spectators, workers, and the substantial number of MGE attendees can increase the spread of communicable diseases. During an MGE, emergency departments (EDs) play an important role in offering health care services to both residents of the local community and event attendees. Syndromic indicators (SIs) are widely used in an ED surveillance system for early detection of communicable diseases.Aim:This literature review aimed to develop an understanding of the effect of MGEs on ED patient presentations with communicable diseases and their corresponding SIs.Method:An integrative literature review methodology was used. Online databases were searched to retrieve relevant academic articles that focused on MGEs, EDs, and SIs. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to screen articles. The Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research (QualSyst) assessment tool was used to assess the quality of included papers.Results:Eleven papers were included in this review; all discussed the impact of an MGE on patient presentations with communicable diseases at EDs/hospitals. Most included studies used the raw number of patients who presented or were admitted to EDs/hospitals to determine impact. Further, the majority of studies focused on either respiratory infections (n = 4) or gastrointestinal infections (n = 2); two articles reported on both. Eight articles mentioned SIs; however, such information was limited. The quality of evidence (using QualSyst) ranged from 50% to 90%.Conclusions:Limited research exists on the impact of MGEs on ED presentations with communicable diseases and related SIs. Recommendations for future MGE studies include assessing differences in ED presentations with communicable diseases regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes before, during, and after the event. This would benefit health care workers and researchers by offering more comprehensive knowledge for application into practice.
Probing Effective Wetting in Subsurface Systems
Authors: Sun Chenhao , McClure James E. , Mostaghimi Peyman , Herring Anna L. , Berg Steffen , Armstrong Ryan T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWetting phenomena are of central importance for many natural and technological processes in subsurface geosciences. Surface roughness, chemical heterogeneity, and dynamic effects cause the microscopic contact angle to vary widely in subsurface multiphase systems. These effects must be characterized in a fundamental and transparent way to determine the overall state of wetting. Here, we apply the Gauss‐Bonnet theorem to establish a direct link between the contact angle and bulk fluid topology based on a newly defined term, deficit curvature. The resulting macroscopic measure is able to capture the average effects of complex microscopic variations in contact angle based on intrinsic geometric constraints that are imposed on the curvature of the contact line as a consequence of fluid topology. We show that deficit curvature is able to capture the effects of contact angle hysteresis and describe wetting in multiphase systems where geometrically complex contact lines are present along with surface heterogeneity.
First Detection of a Brief Mesoscale Elevated Stratopause in Very Early Winter
Authors: García‐Comas Maya , Funke Bernd , López‐Puertas Manuel , González‐Galindo Francisco , Kiefer Michael , Höpfner Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElevated stratopauses are typically associated with prolonged disturbed conditions in the Northern Hemisphere polar winter. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observed a short‐lived and highly zonally asymmetric stratopause at mesospheric altitudes in November 2009, the earliest in the season reported so far. The Arctic climatological winter stratopause vanished, and MIPAS and MLS measured temperatures of 260 K at 82 km and 250 K at 75 km, respectively, in a region smaller than in typical midwinter elevated stratopause events. Planetary wave activity was initially high. Zonal mean zonal winds and the poleward temperature gradient northward of 70°N stayed reversed during 7 days, but the mesosphere did not cool. Wave activity dropped until the eastward stratospheric winds resumed and a strong vortex restored in the mesosphere. The stratopause emerged at high altitudes, staying there for 2–5 days. It was accompanied by enhanced downward transport. It took the stratopause 9 days to move down to its typical winter altitudes.
Interface Plastic Constitutive Law With End‐Cap and Structural Model Applied to Geological Faults Behavior
Authors: Piau J.‐M. , Maury V. , Fitzenz D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a framework for the mesoscale modeling of potentially complex fault cores. Such faults cannot be modeled as simple frictional interfaces because they may be thicker and made of several slip surfaces embedded in a material that can contain both grains and broken blocks. Two main aspects are considered here. One, which is the main innovation in the paper, deals with the derivation for the specific rigid‐plastic interface constitutive law which was developed to account for the hardening/softening behavior of highly stressed rocks like in geological faults. The other one deals with the theoretical and numerical study of the response of the structural model in which this constitutive law was implemented. This first structural model was chosen to represent the behavior of faults surrounded by elastic rock masses. The results obtained from this model already illustrate the high potentiality of the proposed interface constitutive law in the context of seismology. When far‐field displacement boundary conditions evolving time are used, different modes of evolution emerge, and transitions happen, from quasi‐static to dynamic or vice versa with timescales extending from tens of years to seconds. The instability domain and the dynamic solution are detailed together with the related energy considerations. An extensive analysis of specific case studies is available in Maury et al., companion paper, in particular as regards the possibility for slow slip events to transition into seismic slip (or vice versa). The implementation of the interface model into more realistic and advanced numerical fault models should offer many perspectives.
Modeling the Sources of the 2018 Palu, Indonesia, Tsunami Using Videos From Social Media
Authors: Sepúlveda Ignacio , Haase Jennifer S. , Carvajal Matías , Xu Xiaohua , Liu Philip L. F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe 2018 Palu tsunami contributed significantly to the devastation caused by the associated
7.5 earthquake. This began a debate about how the moderate size earthquake triggered such a large tsunami within Palu Bay, with runups of more than 10 m. The possibility of a large component of vertical coseismic deformation and submarine landslides have been considered as potential explanations. However, scarce instrumental data have made it difficult to resolve the potential contributions from either type of source. We use tsunami waveforms derived from social media videos in Palu Bay to model the possible sources of the tsunami. We invert InSAR data with different fault geometries and use the resulting seafloor displacements to simulate tsunamis. The coseismic sources alone cannot match both the video‐derived time histories and surveyed runups. Then we conduct a tsunami source inversion using the video‐derived time histories and a tide gauge record as inputs. We specify hypothetical landslide locations and solve for initial tsunami elevation. Our results, validated with surveyed runups, show that a limited number of landslides in southern Palu Bay are sufficient to explain the tsunami data. The Palu tsunami highlights the difficulty in accurately capturing with tide gauges the amplitude and timing of short period waves that can have large impacts at the coast. The proximity of landslides to locations of high fault slip also suggests that tsunami hazard assessment in strike‐slip environments should include triggered landslides, especially for locations where the coastline morphology is strongly linked to fault geometry.
Stress Sensitivity of Fractured and Vuggy Carbonate: An X‐Ray Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Yang Yongfei , Tao Liu , Yang Haiyuan , Iglauer Stefan , Wang Xin , Askari Roohollah , Yao Jun , Zhang Kai , Zhang Lei , Sun Hai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFractures, vugs, and pores constitute the main pore space in carbonate reservoirs. The associated pore structure—which is of key importance in terms of hydrocarbon production and fluid flow—varies with effective stress. However, there is a serious lack of data with regard to how precisely the pore morphology changes as a function of effective stress; we thus carried out in situ loading‐unloading experiments (up to 20 MPa effective stress) where two carbonate samples (fractured and vuggy) were examined with X‐ray computed tomography at high resolution in 3‐D. The results showed that after loading, porosity decreased exponentially, followed by an increase during unloading where it did not recover to its initial value. This was mainly because of the stress effect on large pore space (i.e., fractures and vugs). For fractured carbonate, the unrecovered porosity can be linked to similar reduction of the surface area and the average aperture of the fracture. Clearly, the changes in pore morphology were more significant in the fractured carbonate (including extension, connection, and disconnection of fractures) during both loading and unloading, while the vuggy carbonate experienced irreversible structural damage. The vuggy carbonate has bigger porosity variation than fractured carbonate to the mechanical loading‐unloading cycle. This work thus demonstrates how carbonate pore morphology changes with depth (higher effective stresses are encountered deeper in the reservoir) or during production (with hydrocarbon depletion the effective stress increases).