bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF NETUPITANT AND PALONOSETRON IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM AND THEIR FORCED DEGRADATION STUDY BY RP-HPLC
Authors: M MANORANJANI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present paper describes a simple, accurate, and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for rapid and simultaneous quantification of netupitant (NTP) and palonosetron (PLS) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on Luna C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μ). Mobile phase contained a mixture of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40 v/v, flow rate 1.0 ml/min, and ultraviolet detection at 222 nm.
Results: The proposed method shows a good linearity in the concentration range of 60–900 μg/ml for NTP and 0.1–1.5 μg/ml for PLS under optimized conditions. All the precision and recovery results are in between 98 and 102%. In the entire robustness conditions, percentage of relative standard deviation is <2.0%. Degradation has minimum effect in stress condition and solutions are stable up to 24 h. This method is validated different parameters such as precision, linearity, accuracy, limit of detection, limit of quantification, ruggedness, robustness, and forced degradation study were determined according to the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) Q2B guidelines.
Conclusion: All the parameters of validation were found to be within the acceptance range of ICH guidelines. Since there is no HPLC method reported in the literature for the estimation of NTP and PLS in pharmaceutical dosage forms, there is a need to develop quantitative methods under different conditions to achieve improvement in sensitivity, selectivity, etc. Hence, the author has attempted to develop a validation and forced degradation for simultaneous quantification of NTP and PLS.
SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF SOME NEPALESE MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM NANGLE BHARE OF KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Authors: SUBBA BIMALA , TIMILSINA MAHESH PRASAD 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study was designed to provide scientific support for the medicinal properties of traditionally used medicinal plants of Nangle Bhare, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: Plant extracts were prepared by cold percolation method using methanol solvent. Analysis of phytochemical constituents was carried out using standard methods. The brine shrimp toxicity assay for each extract was carried out according to Mayer et al. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to evaluate in vitro antioxidants activities. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts was carried by the disc diffusion method.
Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the availability of secondary metabolites such as reducing compounds, glycosides, and flavonoids in the methanolic extract of eight plants, namely, frond of Cheilanthes farinosa, leaves of Lyonia ovalifolia, leaves and roots of Rumex nepalensis, aerial stem of Equisetum debile, roots of Coix lacrema-jobi, leaves of Justica adhatoda, leaves of Osyris wightiana, and roots of Rubus ellipticus collected from Nangle Bhare village of Kathmandu district. The brine shrimp bioassay revealed that roots and leaves of R. nepalensis only exhibited lethality against brine shrimp. Frond of C. farinosa and roots of R. nepalensis exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Both DPPH and FRAP assays showed that among the plant under study, R. ellipticus has lower inhibitory concentration IC50 values than other plants such as L. ovalifolia, R. nepalensis, and C. farinose.
Conclusions: On the basis of this study, it was found that scientifically only four, namely C. farinosa, L. ovalifolia, R. nepalensis, and R. ellipticus have medicinal potentials.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTIAGING CREAM FORMULATION CONTAINING ANNONA SQUAMOSA LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: MAHAWAR VANDANA , PATIDAR KALPANA , JOSHI NEELAM 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this research article is to develop and evaluate herbal antiaging cream using Annona squamosa leaf extract because of its antioxidant potential.
Method: Free radical scavenging activity of Annona squamosa aqueous was determined by DPPH method. 0.5 ml of each solution of concentration of sample was added to 3 ml of 0.004% ethanolic DPPH free radical solution. After 30 minutes the absorbance of the preparations were taken at 517 nm by a UV spectrophotometer which was compared with the corresponding absorbance of standard ascorbic acid. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of Annona squamosa (custard apple) leaf extract shows the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and phenols and absence of terpenoids and steroids
Results: Formulation A3 shows good DPPH scavenging activity as compare to formulation A1 and A2 and ascorbic acid. Formulation A3 is stable for 3 months.
Conclusion: Due to high antioxidant values of Annona squamosa it is concluded that it is possible to develop anti-aging cream using aqueous extract of Annona squamosa leaf.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING SPROUT EXTRACTS OF VIGNA RADIATA L. AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: T SIVAKUMAR 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the green gram sprout extract (GGSE) of Vigna radiata L. and also in vitro studies of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy techniques have been used for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals present in the green gram seedlings. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs and GGSE was analyzed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed using the agar well diffusion method.
Results: The presence of various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, polyphenol, glycoside, and protein was found in samples. The major chemical compounds of V. radiata were n-hexadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, caffeine, hexadecanoic acid, cholest-5-en-3-ol (3.beta.)-, and cyclopentane. The percentage of DPPH activity was enhanced on increasing the concentration of AgNPs. In vitro antibacterial effect of the diverse concentrations of AgNPs was investigated against each Gram-negative (Klebsiella aerogenes, and Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Bacillus substilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strains.
Conclusion: The result suggests that biosynthesized AgNPs have good antibacterial and antioxidant activity and might be a potential for the bioactive components.
MULTIVARIATE CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF IVERMECTIN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: S MADHAN , J KAVITHA , KS LAKSHMI 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present abstract makes the use of multivariate calibration technique for the quantification of ivermectin in pharmaceutical dosage form.
Methods: Multivariate calibration technique is based on the use of linear regression equations, by correlating the relation between concentration and absorbance at seven different selected wavelengths. The λmax of ivermectin was found to be 245 nm. The results were treated statistically. This statistical approach gives optimum results by eliminating the fluctuations arising from the instrumental or experimental conditions.
Results: The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines and was found to be simple, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible. The method was found to be linear over a concentration range of 5–15 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient (r2) value of about 0.9998. The limit of detection and quantification were found to be 0.029 and 0.087 μg/mL, respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation for intraday and interday precision was found to be in the range of 0.473–1.373 and 0.301–1.617, respectively. The percentage recovery was found within the range of 97.60–101.80% w/w.
Conclusion: The results evidence that a simple, linear, precise, accurate, sensitive, and reproducible multivariate calibration technique has been developed and validated for the quantification of ivermectin in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF CARISOPRODOL USING FERRIC CHLORIDE, O-PHENANTHROLINE, AND P-NITROANILINE, SODIUM NITRITE AS ANALYTICAL REAGENTS
Authors: D MURALI , RAO G PURNA CHANDRA 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study represents the development of two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of carisoprodol (CCP) in pure and formulations using ferric chloride, o-phenanthroline, and p-nitroaniline (PNA), sodium nitrate as analytical reagents.
Methods: The proposed spectrophotometric methods were developed based on oxidation of Fe3+ by CCP, and then, the resultant product was reacted with o-phenanthroline in acidic condition forms an orange-colored complex and diazotization of PNA followed by coupling with CCP in an alkaline medium forms yellow-colored complex.
Results: Under the optimized conditions, the absorbance of CCP concentration obeyed the Beer’s law in the ranges of 10–60 μg/mL with good correlation coefficient values of 0.9992 and 0.9990 with the limit of detection values of 1.286 and 2.408 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of CCP in pure and in their formulations.
A COMPARATIVE SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF THE TOTAL PHENOLICS, FLAVONOIDS, AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES IN THE SEED EXTRACTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM L., PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L., AND VITIS VINIFERA L.
Authors: S NELSON SAMBA , ALAGAR YADAV SANGILIMUTHU 
Published: October 2019

Objectives: The synthetic antioxidants produce numerous adverse effects to overcome these adverse effects and the use of natural products is the alternative. In this study, the evaluation of total phenolics, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant properties of Punica granatum, Psidium guajava, and Vitis vinifera seed extracts was done.
Methods: The total phenolic content was estimated with gallic acid equivalent and the total flavonoid contents were estimated on quercetin equivalent. For the antioxidant properties of selected seed extracts, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, ferrous reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays were followed to find the free radical scavenging ability of the selected seed extracts.
Results: The ethyl acetate extract of P. granatum seed contains higher phenolic content (70.25±1.25 μg/ml) and flavonoid content (58.15±1.85 μg/ml) and possesses a high free radical scavenging ability. Based on the inhibitory effects of fruit seeds against synthetic radicals, they can be ranked as P. granatum>P. guajava>V. vinifera.
Conclusion: According to overall observations of the study, the pomegranate seed extract contains a higher level of phenolic and flavonoid contents and shows a higher scavenging effect against free radicals among the others seeds. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethyl acetate extract of pomegranate fruit seed possesses more secondary metabolites compared to other seed extracts.
EFFECT OF CRUDE EXTRACT AND PHYTOSTEROL FRACTION OF FUMARIA OFFICINALIS IN INDUCED HYPERTROPHIC SCAR OF RABBITS
Authors: S NOORI HANAN , ABU‑RAGHIF AHMED 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the role of crude extract and phytosterol fraction of Fumaria officinalis in experimentally induced hypertrophic scar in rabbits.
Methods: Surgical wounds were performed on day 1 with an 8‑mm biopsy punch four wounds were created on the ventral surface of the rabbit ear (in vivo) down to cartilage. Triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), crude and phytosterol extracts of F. officinalis L. are administered topically to established scars on day 31. The outcome measures included study of histopathology of skin sections, transforming growth factor beta‑1 (TGF‑β1), level, and collagen three alpha1 in skin tissue.
Results: In comparison with the induced hypertrophic scar, all treatment produced a significant reduction in scores of TGFβ1, collagen III, inflammation, and measurement of SEI (p ≤ 0.01). The most significant reduction in inflammation and thickness observed in TAC and extract of crude F. officinalis L. Only crude F. officinalis L. decrease fibroblast counts in comparison to induced hypertrophic scar group and other group (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment groups in terms of TGF β1and collagen III.
Conclusion: Topical crude extract of F. officinalis L. was more effective in the treatment of induced hypertrophic scar as compared with phytosterol of F. officinalis L. and comparable to the effectiveness of topical TAC.
SYNTHESIS, ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION, DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY, AND DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME NEW 2-MERCAPTO PYRIMIDINE SCHIFF BASES
Authors: AL-JUBOORI SAHAR B. , MAHMOOD AMMAR A. RAZZAK 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Pyrimidine derivatives are reported to possess antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and anticonvulsant activities. Encouraged by this remarks, we decided to synthesize novel compounds of new 2-macraptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases.
Methods: The present work involves the synthesis of new 2-mercaptopyrimidine linked to Schiffs̕ bases. The starting, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, compound (1) reacted with thiourea to afford the corresponding 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (2). Then compound (2) was used as the key intermediate to prepare the -1-(2-hydroxy benzylidene)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (3), and (1-benzylidine)-3-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiourea (4), through the reaction with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and benzaldehyde, respectively.
Results: All the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared and1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro, antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and four Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi, and the results showed that most of them have good antibacterial activity. While their antifungal activity against three fungi species (Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terrus and Rhizopus) revealed that compounds (2-4) displayed the most potent antifungal activity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the synthesized 2-mercapto pyrimidine derivatives were conducted, using a molecular structure with optimized geometry. Highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and structures are demonstrated.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity indicates that compounds (3) and (4) are the most active than the compounds (1) and (2). Molecular docking revealed that compounds (3) and (4), with bulky phenyl groups are essential to blocking the active centers of glucose -6-phosphate synthase in the bacteria and fungi.
Derecho y poder en la crisis de la soberanía
Authors: Attili Antonella 
Published: October 2019

The concept of sovereignty has had different meanings throughout its history. Due to problems related to the complexity of contemporary political life, it has also become a contentious concept. The paper thematizes the problems of the appearance and crisis of the concept of sovereignty, as well as of its effective practice, in its juridical and political aspects. In the contemporary scene, the main problem consists in the appearance of a conflict between the concepts of right and power. For some critics, they even ought to be seen as mutually excluding. This paper employs as analytical framework the relation of the concept of sovereignty to those of right and power. The basic claim is that such a framework is useful to elaborate on the conception of sovereignty that is present in the main tradition of Western political thought, as well as to clarify the complexity of its meanings. Finally, this kind of analysis allows us to clarify the difficulties facing political theory when it tries to put forward a valid notion of sovereignty.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK MELALUI PENDEKATAN PEMBELAJARAN SAINTIFIK MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING
Authors: Novianto Dhedhi , Dwikurnaningsih Yari , Saputri Thersa Septyani 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik melalui pendekatan pembelajaran model contextual teaching and learning dan mengetahui langkah-langkah penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik model contextual teaching and learning dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik model contextual teaching and learning. Penelitian dilakukan dengan prosedur persiapan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pelaporan. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 29 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, penilaian produk, dan tes. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ketercapaian KKM menunjukkan peningkatan hasil belajar pembelajaran tematik muatan ppkn dari 86,2% dengan rerata kelas 86,2 pada fase pra siklus menjadi 96,6% dengan rerata kelas 90,6 pada siklus 2, muatan bahasa Indonesia dari 51,7% dengan rerata kelas 70,7 pada fase pra siklus menjadi 82,8% dengan rerata kelas 82,6 pada siklus 2, dan muatan matematika dari 48,3% dengan rerata kelas 65,8 pada fase pra siklus menjadi 82,8% dengan rerata kelas 84,8 pada siklus 2. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pendekatan pembelajaran saintifik model contextual teaching and learning dengan langkah-langkah konstruktivisme, menemukan (menalar), bertanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengamati, refleksi, dan penilaian nyata dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik. Kata kunci: saintifik, contextual teaching and learning, tematik, hasil belajar
The Interaction of Perceived Subjectivity and Pay Transparency on Professional Judgment in a Profit Pool Setting: The Case of Large Law Firms
Authors: Kelly Khim , Dinovitzer Ronit , Gunz Hugh , Gunz Sally P 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper examines how the interaction of perceived subjectivity and pay transparency in profit allocation is associated with an important aspect of law partners' professional judgment, namely their tendency to accede to the wishes of their client and fellow partner (labeled hereafter as partner accedence). Based on interviews with 56 corporate law partners working in large Canadian law firms, we find higher partner accedence in a less subjective system than in a more subjective system, but only under no pay transparency. We find that pay transparency (versus no transparency) is associated with increased accedence in a more subjective system, but it is marginally associated with decreased accedence in a less subjective system. In an experiment where we randomly assign MTurk participants to conditions, we replicate the finding that pay transparency (versus no transparency) has a more positive effect on partner accedence as subjectivity level increases.
Data Availability: Lawyers participated in the study upon which this paper is based only after signing agreements that strict confidentiality of all data would be maintained by the researchers. As such, we are bound by these confidentiality agreements with individual lawyers interviewed for the study. Experiment data from Amazon Mechanical Turk are available from the authors.
JEL Classifications: M12; M40; M52.
Information Technology Internal Control Items for the Post-Implementation Phase of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
Authors: Li Hsing-Jung , Chang She-I , Wang Tawei , Chang Li-Min 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of relevant internal controls at the post-implementation phase remains limited in spite of general guidance from professional frameworks or standards. In this study, based on the COBIT 5 framework, we reviewed 56 studies from relevant academic journals from 1998 to 2014 to form an initial list of information technology (IT) internal control items for the post-implementation phase of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. An expert survey was conducted to validate the list, and 45 control items were ranked using the Delphi method. The proposed items may assist companies and auditors in focusing on essential internal control issues during the ERP system post-implementation phase.
The Impact of Self-Efficacy on Accountants' Behavioral Intention to Adopt and Use Accounting Information Systems
Authors: Alamin Adel A. , Wilkin Carla L. , Yeoh William , Warren Matthew 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Digitalization increasingly affects the accounting profession as it engages with pervasive technologically enabled systems that support business processes and financial management. Given these systems commonly result in less than voluntary use, mandating compliance is challenging. In this context, it is important to understand the attitudes of prospective users, as their negativity may waste resources through ambivalence, frustration, and under-use. Our study of Libyan accountants shows that in adopting a mandated technologically enabled accounting information system, they were influenced by a range of perceptional, dispositional, and environmental factors. By combining components of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology with institutional theory, results show that 63.4 percent of the variance regarding behavioral intention is attributable to self-efficacy, effort expectancy, coercive, and mimetic pressures. Our findings confirming the significance of self- efficacy and disconfirming experience support calls to consider the influence of self-efficacy upon the use of restrictive decision aids.
Plan estratégico para la empresa constructora en obras civiles
Authors: Rodríguez-Acasio Freddy José 
Published: October 2019

La investigación es de tipo descriptiva con la finalidad de analizar los dispositivos internos de la empresa Orgar Corporación C.A, para señalar los rendimientos, posiciones y capacidad de adaptación de la organización, donde se tome en cuenta una planificación estratégica. Se tiene que de 13 ítems, 7 se encuentran en la categoría preparada, 4 en la categoría en peligro, 2 en la categoría indefensa, lo cual permite concluir que la empresa se encuentra en condiciones regulares de funcionamiento interno, siendo necesario incrementar la gestión organizacional, mediante un plan estratégico que permita direccionar estratégicamente a la empresa hacia la consolidación exitosa, de lo contrario corre el riesgo de incrementar su vulnerabilidad a pérdidas de recursos, impidiendo prestar un mejor servicio al cliente interno – externo de la organización, lo cual iría en detrimento de la misma.
Indicadores para valorar la imagen pública externa del sector eléctrico en Esmeraldas
Authors: Montaño-Mina Maritza Elena 
Published: October 2019

Este artículo, siguió como objetivo estudiar los indicadores para valorar la imagen pública externa del sector eléctrico en Esmeraldas. Subraya una metodología con una orientación cuantitativa y descriptiva. La población fue de 220 usuarios del servicio eléctrico de Esmeraldas, se logró una muestra de 180 sujetos. El instrumento fue un cuestionario estructurado con una escala de 5 alternativas lickerd y como técnica la encuesta, administrada individualmente a los usuarios. En sus resultados se pudo apreciar que el 50% de los investigados están en desacuerdo entre lo dicen que hace la empresa y el servicio real que prestan y dentro de sus conclusiones se develo que están en desacuerdo con una correcta imagen pública externa de la empresa eléctrica.