bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routine chest X‐ray following ultrasound‐guided internal jugular vein catheterization in critically ill children: A prospective observational Study
Authors: Weissbach Avichai , Gendler Yulia , Lakovsky Yaniv , Kadmon Gili , Nahum Elhanan , Kaplan Eytan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies in adults have shown that routine chest X‐ray following ultrasound‐guided central venous catheter insertion through the internal jugular vein is unnecessary due to a low rate of complications.AimsTo assess the usefulness of routine chest X‐ray following ultrasound‐guided central venous catheter insertion through the internal jugular veins in critically ill children.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary, university‐affiliated pediatric medical center. All children under the age of 18 who underwent ultrasound‐guided central venous catheter insertion through the right or left internal jugular vein between May 2018 and November 2019 were evaluated for eligibility. Procedures were prospectively documented, and chest X‐ray was screened for pneumothorax, hemothorax, central venous catheter tip position, and resultant corrective interventions.ResultsOf 105 central venous catheter insertion attempts, 99 central venous catheters (94.3%) were inserted. All were located within the venous system. None were diagnosed with pneumo/hemothorax on chest X‐ray. Twenty (20.2%; 95% CI 12.8%‐29.5%) were defined as malpositioned by strict criteria; however, only one (1%) was judged significantly misplaced by the clinical team leading to its repositioning.ConclusionsIn this critically ill pediatric cohort, all central venous catheters inserted under ultrasound guidance could have been used with safety prior to acquiring chest X‐ray. Overall chest X‐ray impacted patient management in only 1% of cases. Our results do not support delaying urgent central venous catheter use pending chest X‐ray completion in critically ill children.
Rab GTPases: Key players in melanosome biogenesis, transport, and transfer
Authors: Fukuda Mitsunori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMelanosomes are specialized intracellular organelles that produce and store melanin pigments in melanocytes, which are present in several mammalian tissues and organs, including the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanosomes form and mature stepwise (stages I–IV) in melanocytes and then are transported toward the plasma membrane along the cytoskeleton. They are subsequently transferred to neighboring keratinocytes by a largely unknown mechanism, and incorporated melanosomes are transported to the perinuclear region of the keratinocytes where they form melanin caps. Melanocytes also extend several dendrites that facilitate the efficient transfer of the melanosomes to the keratinocytes. Since the melanosome biogenesis, transport, and transfer steps require multiple membrane trafficking processes, Rab GTPases that are conserved key regulators of membrane traffic in all eukaryotes are crucial for skin and hair pigmentation. Dysfunctions of two Rab isoforms, Rab27A and Rab38, are known to cause a hypopigmentation phenotype in human type 2 Griscelli syndrome patients and in chocolate mice (related to Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome), respectively. In this review article, I review the literature on the functions of each Rab isoform and its upstream and downstream regulators in mammalian melanocytes and keratinocytes.
The impact of psychiatric disorders on outcomes following heart transplantation in children
Authors: Quinlan Kia , Auerbach Scott , Bearl David W. , Dodd Debra A. , Thurm Cary W. , Hall Matt , Fuchs Dickey Catherine , Lambert Andrea Nicole , Godown Justin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPsychiatric disorders are common in pediatric HTx recipients. However, the impact of psychiatric comorbidities on patient outcomes is unknown. We aimed to assess the impact of disorders of adjustment, depression, and anxiety on HTx outcomes in children; hypothesizing that the presence of psychiatric disorders during or preceding HTx would negatively impact outcomes. All pediatric HTx recipients ≥8 years of age who survived to hospital discharge were identified from a novel linkage between the PHIS and SRTR databases (2002‐2016). Psychiatric disorders were identified using ICD codes during or preceding the HTx admission. Post‐transplant graft survival, freedom from readmission, and freedom from rejection were analyzed using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for covariates. A total of 1192 patients were included, of which 133 (11.2%) had depression, 197 (16.5%) had anxiety, and 218 (18.3%) had adjustment disorders. The presence of depression was independently associated with higher rates of readmission (60.9% vs 54.1% at 6 months) (AHR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22‐2.18, P = .001) and inferior graft survival (70.2% vs 83.4% at 5 years) (AHR 1.62, 95% CI 1.14‐2.3, P = .007). Anxiety was independently associated with higher rates of readmission (60.4% vs 53.9% at 6 months) (AHR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09‐1.94, P = .01). Anxiety and depression in the pretransplant period are independently associated with outcomes following HTx in children. Evaluation and management of psychiatric comorbidities represents an important component of care in this vulnerable population.
Logic and Value in Wittgenstein’s Philosophy
Authors: Stiers Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus (TLP), Wittgenstein gave ethics the same semantic status as logic. This paper first investigates this claim from the perspective of Wittgenstein’s lifelong semantic framework. This reveals that ethical sentences are meaningless expressions, which can only be used to ostensively point out conditions of meaningfulness. Secondly, the paper assesses the implications of this conclusion for understanding the seven cryptic remarks on value and ethics in TLP. Using the connection between will and value in TLP and will and sentence interpretation in Philosophical Investigations, it is suggested that Wittgenstein held lifelong views on value and ethics.
Evidence that exogenous urea acts as a potent cue to alleviate ammonium‐inhibition of root system growth of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum)
Authors: Liu Lu , Bi Xin‐Yuan , Sheng Song , Gong Yuan‐Yong , Pu Wen‐Xuan , Ke Jie , Huang Ping‐Jun , Liang Yi‐Long , Liu Lai‐Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany plants grown with low‐millimolar concentration of NH4+ as a sole nitrogen source develop NH4+‐toxicity symptoms. To date, crucial molecular identities and a practical approach involved in the improvement of plant NH4+‐tolerance remain largely unknown. By phenotyping of upland cotton grown on varied nitrogen forms, we came across a phenomenon that caused sub‐millimolar concentrations of urea (e.g., up 50 μM) to repress the growth inhibition of roots and whole plant cultivated in a NH4+‐containing nutrient solution. A growth‐recovery assay revealed that the relief in NH4+‐inhibited growth required only a short‐term exposure (≧12 h) of the roots to urea, implying that urea could elicit an internal signaling and be involved in antagonizing NH4+‐sensitivity. Intriguingly, split‐root experiments demonstrated that low urea occurrence in one root‐half could efficaciously stimulate not only supplied root but also the root‐half grown in NH4+‐solution without urea, indicating the existence of urea‐triggered local and systemic long‐distance signaling. In the split‐root experiment we also observed high arginase activity, strong arginine reduction and remarkable upregulation of polyamine biosynthesis‐related genes (ADC1/2, SPDS and SPMS). Therefore, we suggest that external urea might serve as an effective cue (signal molecule) in an arginine‐/polyamine‐related process for ameliorating NH4+‐suppressed root growth, providing a novel aspect for deeper exploring and understanding plant NH4+‐tolerance.
Supine body posture reduces cognitive conflict processing: Evidence from N450 Stroop interference
Authors: Sun Chi‐Kuang , Harmon‐Jones Eddie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPrevious research has revealed that a supine body posture, as compared to a sitting upright posture, decreases approach motivation and cognitive dissonance reduction. The present research was designed to test whether a supine body posture would decrease cognitive conflict processing, the process that occurs prior to cognitive dissonance reduction. Previous research using the Stroop task has found event‐related potentials (N450, error‐related negativity [ERN]) that are associated with cognitive conflict processing. In the current experiment, participants (N = 35) completed a color‐naming Stroop task while sitting upright or supine (within‐subjects, counterbalanced). Results revealed that as compared to the upright posture, the supine posture reduced the N450 Stroop interference effect but not the ERN.
Proteomic‐based identification of oocyte maturation‐related proteins in mouse germinal vesicle oocytes
Authors: Cao Senyang , Huang Shaoping , Guo Ying , Zhou Lin , Lu Ying , Lai Shanshan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOocyte proteins play an important role in oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryonic development. However, the protein composition of mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes is still unclear. Using one‐dimensional Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1D SDS‐PAGE) and Reverse‐phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RP‐LC‐MS/MS), we constructed a protein profile of mouse GV oocytes. First, our proteomics profile identified 1,405 different proteins from 11,000 mouse GV oocytes lacking zona pellucida. Second, with detailed bioinformatics analysis, a group of proteins that play an essential role in oocyte maturation was screened. In addition, the expression and localization of suppressor of G2 allele of skp1(SUGT1, also called SGT1), heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (Hnrpk), Seruin, Cullin1(Clu1) and nuclear distribution protein C (Nudc) in mouse ovaries and early embryos were also captured and investigated in this study. Moreover, the protein profile was submitted to the Proteomics Identifications Database (PRIDE) and is available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD014314. Our research provides valuable resources for the study of oocyte proteins and oocyte maturation and helps to clarify the mechanisms of oocyte maturation.
Effect of an acute blood donation on oxygen uptake kinetics in moderate and heavy domains over a period of 96 hours
Authors: Johnson Diane , Roberts Justin , Gordon Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies determining the effects of blood donation (BD) on oxygen uptake kinetics are limited. This study aims to ascertain the effects of BD (~470 mL) over a period of 96 hours on oxygen uptake kinetics in moderate and heavy exercise domains.Study Design and MethodsTwelve participants (nine males and three females; 31.1 ± 11.7 years, mass 79.9 ± 12.8 kg, height 175.5 ± 7.5 cm) completed four consecutive days (24‐96 hours) of moderate and heavy V˙O2 on‐kinetics trials pre BD and post BD. Visit one (0 hour), pre BD established hematological levels, V˙O2max and Gas Exchange Threshold (GET). Subsequent visits comprised two 6‐minute moderate (∆ 50% rest‐GET) and 1 heavy (∆ 20% GET‐V˙O2max) trial. Post BD 0 hour the participants donated blood post hematological testing only.ResultsDespite non‐significances for V˙O2 amplitude, time constant‐2 (tau2) for V˙O2 showed significant decreases at 24 and 48 hours, and tau3 showed significant increases at 72 and 96 hours pre to post BD (P < .05). Hemoglobin (Hb) values reduced (P < .05) pre (14.48 ± 0.16 g·dL−1) to post BD (13.47 ± 0.66 g·dL−1). Hb significantly decreased at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours compared to 0 hour post BD (P < .05).ConclusionBD has no effect on V˙O2 amplitude, but time‐based components show sensitivity to reduced circulating O2; with a decreased PO2 a slower O2 exchange across the blood myocyte barrier could result in altering O2 kinetics.
Donation related fears predict vasovagal reactions and donor attrition among high school donors
Authors: France Christopher R. , France Janis L. , Himawan Lina K. , Lux Pete , McCullough Jeannine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis longitudinal study of high school whole blood donors examined relationships among donation‐related fears assessed prior to donation, vasovagal reactions to donation, and the proportion of donors who attempted another donation over the subsequent 60 weeks.Study Design and MethodsData regarding vasovagal reactions and attempted donation were obtained from donor records of 530 female and 342 male high school donors who answered questions about five types of fear (ie, of blood draw, needles, seeing blood, feeling pain, or fainting) prior to their index donation.ResultsEach type of fear was associated with an increased risk of vasovagal reactions (all P < .001) and a smaller percentage of attempted donations was seen among those who reported at least one type of fear (53%) as compared to those who did not report any fear (62.1%); P = .022; β = −0.374, OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50‐0.94. Path analyses of the relationships among fear, vasovagal reaction, and attempted donation revealed significant indirect effects for each type of fear. Specifically, donors who reported fear were at increased odds of experiencing a vasovagal reaction, which, in turn, was associated with decreased odds of attempting a repeat donation.ConclusionDonation‐related fears are associated with reduced donor return rates, and this effect is mediated through an increased risk for vasovagal reactions. For both practical and ethical reasons, blood collectors are encouraged to identify and intervene with fearful donors to reduce the likelihood of negative donation‐related symptoms and enhance donor retention.
The incremental benefit of anaerobic culture for controlling bacterial risk in platelets: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corean Jessica , White Sandra K. , Schmidt Robert L. , Walker Brandon S. , Fisher Mark A. , Metcalf Ryan A. 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectivesSeptic transfusion reactions are a principal cause of transfusion‐related mortality. The frequency of detectable bacterial contamination is greater in platelets compared to other blood components because platelets are stored at room temperature. Most strategies outlined in the September 2019 FDA guidance require both aerobic culture (AC) and anaerobic culture (AnC) testing. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis in an effort to provide the best available estimate of the effectiveness of AnC.Materials and methodsOur analysis was performed according to published guidelines. Broad and context‐specific meta‐analyses of bacterial detection rates in platelets by AnC were performed to assess the practical effectiveness of AnC as a risk control measure.ResultsSeven studies with a total of 1 767 014 tested platelet components were included for analysis. With exclusion of positives due to Cutibacterium/Propionibacterium species and redundancy due to AC results, AnC detected 0·06 contamination events per thousand (EPT) components tested, twofold lower than the AC (0·12 EPT).ConclusionExcluding Cutibacterium/Propionibacterium species, AnC detects occasional bacterial contamination events that are not detected by AC (~1 in 17 000 platelet components).
Ageing attenuates the effect of extracellular hyperosmolality on whole‐body heat exchange during exercise‐heat stress
Authors: Meade Robert D. , Notley Sean R. , Rutherford Maura M. , Boulay Pierre , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
In humans, hypohydration attenuates sweat secretion and attenuates whole‐body heat loss, probably to mitigate further fluid losses and thereby support blood pressure regulation.
Recently, however, we demonstrated that the hypohydration‐mediated reduction in net whole‐body heat exchange (evaporative heat loss – dry heat gain) was blunted in middle‐aged compared to younger men during moderate exercise in dry heat; albeit, the underpinning mechanisms could not be determined.
Here we evaluated the hypothesis that those findings stemmed from a diminished influence of extracellular hyperosmolality on net whole‐body heat exchange in middle‐aged‐to‐older compared to young men.
Consistent with that hypothesis, extracellular hyperosmolality induced by an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) reduced net heat exchange and augmented rectal temperature to a greater extent in the young compared to middle‐aged‐to‐older men.
Thus, age‐related differences in the influence of hypohydration on thermoregulatory function appear to be due to blunted sensitivity to hyperosmolality with ageing.
AbstractWe recently demonstrated that sweating‐induced hypohydration attenuated whole‐body heat dissipation to a greater extent in young compared to middle‐aged men during exercise‐heat stress. Here, we evaluated whether this divergent response stemmed from an attenuated influence of extracellular hyperosmolality on heat exchange with ageing. To achieve this, ten young (mean (SD): 25 (5) years) and ten middle‐aged‐to‐older (61 (5) years) men completed two trials involving a 90‐min intravenous infusion of isosmotic saline (0.9% NaCl; ISO) or hyperosmotic saline (3.0% NaCl; HYP) followed by 60 min of cycling at a fixed metabolic heat production of 250 W/m2 (∼50% peak aerobic power) in dry heat (40°C, ∼17% relative humidity). Whole‐body net heat exchange (evaporative heat loss – dry heat gain) was measured via direct calorimetry. Rectal temperature was monitored continuously. Heat exchange was attenuated in HYP compared to ISO in the young (233 (20) vs. 251 (17) W/m2; P = 0.002) but not older group (229 (16) vs. 227 (20) W/m2; P = 0.621). Further, heat exchange was lower in the middle‐aged‐to‐older vs. young men in ISO (P = 0.034) but not in HYP (P = 0.623). Similarly, end‐exercise rectal temperature was greater in HYP relative to ISO in the young (38.3 (0.4)°C vs. 37.9 (0.3)°C; P = 0.015) but not the middle‐aged‐to‐older men (38.3 (0.3)°C vs. 38.2 (0.2)°C; P = 0.652). Compared to the young, rectal temperature was greater in the middle‐aged‐to‐older during ISO (P = 0.035) whereas no between‐group difference was observed in HYP (P = 0.746). Our findings indicate that ageing blunts the effect of extracellular hyperosmolality on thermoregulatory function during exercise‐heat stress.
Integrated Load-Split Scheme for Hybrid Ship Propulsion Considering Transient Propeller Load and Environmental Disturbance
Authors: Planakis Nikolaos , Papalambrou George , Kyrtatos Nikolaos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work addresses the design and experimental implementation in real-time of an integrated predictive load-split management system for the transient and fluctuating propeller load sharing. Control-oriented modeling of the power system was performed based on experimental data gathered from the hybrid plant and on first principles for the diesel engine behavior and battery charging. Propulsion plant and environmental disturbance models are developed to simulate realistic marine load application. A nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) scheme is proposed for the optimal transient power-split problem of a hybrid diesel-electric marine propulsion plant. The NMPC scheme directly controls the torque output of the diesel engine and the electric motor/generator ensuring that certain constraints concerning the system overloading are met, avoiding fast accelerations and load fluctuations of the diesel engine that affect engine performance. To achieve offset-free model predictive control (MPC) control, an observer is developed to provide the propeller law parameter to the NMPC for load estimation. The control system was experimentally tested in real-time operation. Results showed that controller rejected load disturbances and maintained the desired rotational speed of the powertrain as well as the desirable state of charge (SOC) in battery within the power plant limits, achieving smooth power transitions and mitigation of power fluctuations of the diesel engine.
Facilitating Sports and University Study: The Case of a Dual Career Development Environment in Sweden
Authors: Linnér Lukas , Stambulova Natalia , Storm Louise Kamuk , Kuettel Andreas , Henriksen Kristoffer 
Published: September 2020

This case study of a dual career development environment (DCDE) was informed by the holistic ecological approach (HEA) and aimed at (a) providing a holistic description of a DCDE at university level in Sweden and (b) investigating the perceived factors influencing the environment’s effectiveness in facilitating the development of student-athletes. The authors blended in situ observations, interviews, and document analysis to explore the case, and HEA-informed working models were transformed into empirical models summarizing the case. Findings show a well-coordinated DCDE with the key role of coaches in daily dual career support and how efforts were integrated through a dual career-support team sharing a philosophy of facilitating healthy performance development and life balance, with a whole-person and empowerment approach. This study adds to the literature by identifying features of a successful DCDE, and insights from the case can be useful for practitioners in their quest to optimize their DCDEs and support.
Does Delivery Length Impact Measures of Whole-Body Biomechanical Load During Pace Bowling?
Authors: Callaghan Samuel J. , Lockie Robert G. , Yu Walter , Andrews Warren A. , Chipchase Robert F. , Nimphius Sophia 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: To investigate whether changes in delivery length (ie, short, good, and full) lead to alterations in whole-body biomechanical loading as determined by ground reaction force during front-foot contact of the delivery stride for pace bowlers. Current load-monitoring practices of pace bowling in cricket assume equivocal biomechanical loading as only the total number of deliveries are monitored irrespective of delivery length. Methods: A total of 16 male pace bowlers completed a 2-over spell at maximum intensity while targeting different delivery lengths (short, 7–10 m; good, 4–7 m; and full, 0–4 m from the batter’s stumps). In-ground force plates were used to determine discrete (vertical and braking force, impulse, and loading rates) and continuous front-foot contact ground reaction force. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (P < .05), effects size, and statistical parametrical mapping were used to determine differences between delivery lengths. Results: There were no significant differences between short, good, and full delivery lengths for the discrete and continuous kinetic variables investigated (P = .19–1.00), with trivial to small effect sizes. Conclusion: There were minimal differences in front-foot contact biomechanics for deliveries of different lengths (ie, short, good, and full). These data reinforce current pace bowling load-monitoring practices (ie, counting the number of deliveries), as changes in delivery length do not affect the whole-body biomechanical loading experienced by pace bowlers. This is of practical importance as it retains simplicity in load-monitoring practice that is used widely across different competition levels and ages.