bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can learning explain cognate effects in bilingual comprehension
and production?
Authors: Winther Irene E. , Matusevych Yevgen , Pickering Martin J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Most theories of bilingual word recognition and
production assume parallel, on-line activation of both languages,
even in one-language contexts. A considerable amount of the evidence
for parallel activation comes from the study of translation
equivalents with similar form and meaning across two languages
(cognates), which bilinguals process differently to translation
equivalents with no form similarity across languages (non-cognates).
The on-line account has been queried by Costa et al. (2017), who suggest that the
cognate effect can be explained by learning: on-line cross-talk
during second language acquisition would lead to different
representations for cognates compared to non-cognates in the
bilingual mental lexicon. In this chapter, we focus on these two
hypothesised origins of the cognate effect and consider the extent
to which cognate effects can be explained by learning and on-line
activation.
1683 and All That: The Habsburgs and the Prospects of a War on Two Fronts
Authors: Höbelt Lothar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
The danger of a war on two fronts presented the late seventeenth-century Habsburg court in Vienna with a strategic choice, epitomised by the two factions of ‘Easterners’ versus ‘Westerners’. As long as Leopold I wanted to keep his hopes of claiming the Spanish inheritance alive, the priority of western issues was hardly ever in doubt. There was little evidence of an Austrian Drang nach Osten at the time, perhaps surprisingly. But there was a predictable tug-of-war between ‘hawks’ and ‘doves’ (or ‘appeasers’) in Vienna. The issue that concerned imperial decision makers in 1681–2 was less the French ‘réunions’ and the ‘rape of Strasbourg’ than the far less strident but potentially far more dangerous moves of Louis XIV to secure footholds in Italy. Above all, turning their back on the nascent anti-French coalition would have entailed huge opportunity costs for the Habsburgs. That is why the Emperor was willing to risk a war on two fronts. What was regarded as a desperate gamble before the battle of the Kahlenberg developed into a subtle attempt to let others bear the brunt of fighting for the Austrians on both fronts after the relief of Vienna. Leopold signed the armistice of Ratisbon in August 1684, but only when he could be fairly certain that it would not allow Louis XIV to play off the allies one against the other. His brinkmanship in 1683 laid the groundwork for the Grand Alliances of 1689 and 1702.
Reduction of amylose–amylopectin ratio in low-protein diets: impacts on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs
Authors: Correa Federico , Luise Diana , Virdis Sara , Negrini Clara , Polimeni Barbara , Amarie Roxana Elena , Serra Andrea , Biagi Giacomo , Trevisi Paolo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Improving the synchrony between amino acids (AAs) and glucose appearance in the blood can support the growth performance of weaned pigs fed a low crude protein (CP) diet. This can be achieved using a diet with a low amylose-to-amylopectin ratio (AM/AP). The aim of this experiment was to evaluate whether reducing the AM/AP by using a corn variety characterized by a high amylopectin content, in the weaning diet can sustain growth performance and improve the intestinal health of pigs fed a low-CP diet. At weaning (25 ± 2 d), 90 pigs were assigned to 3 treatment groups: 1) control group (CTR), fed a standard diet with a medium-high CP content and high AM/AP (days 0 to 13: 18.0% CP, 0.13 AM/AP; days 14 to 27: 16.6% CP, 0.30 AM/AP; days 28 to 49: 16.7% CP, 0.15 AM/AP); 2) a group fed a low-CP diet with a high AM/AP (LP) (days 0 to 13: 16.0% CP, 0.17 AM/AP; days 13 to 27: 14.7% CP, 0.17 AM/AP; days 28 to 49: 14.5% CP, 0.25 AM/AP); 3) a group fed a low CP and a low AM/AP diet (LPLA) (days 0 to 13: 16.0% CP, 0.09 AM/AP; days 14 to 27: 14.7% CP, 0.05 AM/AP; days 28 to 49: 14.5% CP, 0.09 AM/AP). Pigs were weighted weakly until day 49. Fecal samples were collected on days 10 and 42 (12 samples/group/timepoint) for ammonia and calprotectin content and microbiota profile characterization. Until day 28, body weight (BW) of pigs from CTR was not different from pigs of the LPLA group, whereas it was higher from pigs of the LP group (P &lt; 0.05). Thereafter, CTR group had greater BW compared with LP and LPLA groups for all the other timepoints considered (P &lt; 0.05). From days 0 to 7 LPLA group had a lower incidence of diarrhea than the LP group (P = 0.04). On day 10, LPLA group had a greater alpha diversity (Shannon and InvSimpson indices), than the CTR (P = 0.03) and LP (P = 0.04) groups. On day 42, LPLA group had significantly greater InvSimpson diversity than LP group (P = 0.028). On day 10, LP group was characterized by greater abundance of Lactobacillus (LDA score = 5.15, P = 0.02), Clostridium-sensu-stricto-1 (LDA score = 4.90, P = 0.02) and Oscillospiraceae NK4A214-group (LDA score = 4.87, P = 0.004), whereas LPLA group was characterized by greater abundance of Prevotella (LDA score = 5.04, P = 0.003) and Agathobacter (LDA score = 4.77, P = 0.05). In conclusion, while reducing CP levels may negatively impact growth performance, when combined with higher amylopectin levels, it can reduce the incidence of diarrhea and increase fecal microbial diversity.
Contested Burial Grounds: African Religious Communities, Urban Displacement, and the Spatial Politics of Difference in Colonial Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Somotan Titilola Halimat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article uncovers how Black interfaith communities agitated to preserve public cemeteries on Lagos Island from the nineteenth century until the 1930s. As burial grounds became full during the 1920s, the British administration proposed closing Muslim and Christian cemeteries. The Black residents would be expected to bury the dead on Lagos mainland, which was connected to the island by the Carter Bridge. News of the cemetery closure galvanized Africans to successfully campaign for the expansion rather than the closing of public graveyards. Historians of mortuary politics and colonial planning have studied how European rulers mandated cemeteries and how Africans developed new burial rites in public burial grounds. This article demonstrates that the cemeteries were more than colonial instruments of dispossession. Interfaith practitioners developed new meanings for burial grounds that later motivated their struggles to ensure cemeteries’ accessibility. Despite their varying attitudes to burial grounds, as the traditional rulers maintained the precolonial practice of home burial, Lagosians claimed the right to inter their loved ones in the same area that they considered home. I argue that Black residents agitated against cemetery closure to challenge colonial residential segregation and maintain belonging to Lagos Island. The campaigns for burial grounds offer insight into Lagosians’ intervention in the built environment and resistance to colonial planning schemes.
Formal Thought Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Problematic History
Authors: Barrera Alvaro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Formal thought disorder (FTD), studied even before the inception of the concept of schizophrenia, remains a deeply isolating experience for patients as well as a difficult one for their interlocutors, including clinicians.

Study Design
The views on language, paralinguistic, and extralinguistic features exhibited by patients with severe mental ill health are reviewed, including the contributions from 19th-century European authors to the last third of the 20th century.

Study Results
Stages in the construction of FTD are described, including its merging with Dementia Praecox, and its subsequently being shaped by notions such as primitive archaic thinking, paralogical or autistic thinking, concretism, overinclusive thinking, and the return of the efforts to describing it with increased reliability.

Conclusions
It appears that some features of communication in schizophrenia, but not others, have been selected at different points in time for clinical and research use without realizing that by carrying out that selection, the phenomenon under study itself is changed. Remarkably, some theories of FTD remained in use, despite being empirically disproved (eg, word association disorder, concrete thinking, paralogical thinking) or despite its highly problematic and discriminatory nature. We would suggest that studies of FTD should explicitly consider which and why some of its features are included or excluded when assessing it. Furthermore, we would suggest that the study of FTD should incorporate the complexity of human communication, including the pragmatic, paralinguistic, non-verbal, and cognitive dimensions of the localized and unique situation where it takes place.
From community as data providers to community as data users: developing a community-led research platform using program data in HIV/STI Program Science in Kenya
Authors: Tahmo Nancy , Noah Anthony , Odhiambo Byron , Kyalo Charles , Ondiek Elly , Ligare Fortune , Asuri Gilbert , Wanjiku Jedidah , Njenga John Alex , Maina John , Mwendwa Kennedy , Olango Kennedy , Ouma Kennedy , Nekesa Loice , Macharia Pascal , Tabbu Silvano , Yiu Kristy CY , Lorway Robert , Bhattacharjee Parinita , Ma Huiting , Lazarus Lisa , Mishra Sharmistha , Walimbwa Jeffrey 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity-based organizations (CBOs) are critical in providing trusted and targeted HIV/STI services to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Despite significant strides in CBOs’ involvement in HIV/STI research, there remain gaps in meaningful engagement, especially in quantitative research. This paper explores the development of HEKA, a community-led research platform where community-based organizations build capacity and leverage routinely collected program data to design research that aims to improve HIV/STI programs. We share a collective reflection on the lessons learned in the process, the challenges that emerged, and recommendations for facilitating community-based program science.MethodologyThrough a collaborative process, seven CBOs serving GBMSM in Kenya created the HEKA Research Initiative and designed a framework of collaboration, through which we assessed the technical gaps in quantitative research among staff, applied for funding, co-designed capacity-building workshops with academic partners, and developed a research agenda. We established a monthly meeting frequency and through collective reflection, documented the lessons and challenges in the process.OutcomesWith our successful grant, we organized an in-person workshop on quantitative research methods and R programming. The team identified research questions and completed data cleaning/harmonization of program data. HEKA was successful because we emphasized a co-leadership framework (research direction evolved through shared/delegated leadership), and peer-to-peer mentorship. Major challenges included: obtaining sustained funding for engagement; ensuring the learning pace allows all individuals to be on the same page; confronting the socio-political climate; long commutes between counties for in-person meetings; and the limitation in using Excel files as primary tools for data capture.ConclusionsHEKA demonstrates the potential for community-based and led research in the HIV/STI field. The model we present can serve as a blueprint for other community-based organizations aiming to lead collaborative or independent research and build capacity.
IGFs regulate cancer cell immune evasion in prostate cancer
Authors: Nandakumar Ashwin M. , Barberis Alessandro , Kim Jinseon , Lang Cameron R. , Mills Jack V. , Rieunier Guillaume , Doultsinos Dimitrios , Taylor Avigail , Jainarayanan Ashwin , Phyu Su M. , Campo Leticia , Easton Alistair , Parkes Eileen , James Timothy , Hamdy Freddie C. , Verrill Clare , Mills Ian G. , Macaulay Valentine M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInsulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes prostate cancer (PCa) development and lethality, with immunosuppressive properties in other disease models. These studies investigated the tumor-intrinsic immune effects of IGF-1 in PCa to understand mechanisms underlying its poor immunotherapy response. Transcriptional profiling of human (DU145, 22Rv1) and murine (Myc-CaP) PCa cells revealed, through pathway enrichment, that cytokine signalling, antigen processing and presentation, and other immune regulatory pathways, were most suppressed by IGF-1. We went on to investigate changes in the expression of components of two key pathways responsible for cancer cell recognition by immune cells and immune evasion: antigen processing and presentation, and PD-L1 checkpoint expression. These pathways are crucial for determining immunotherapy response. IGF-1 downregulated transporters associated with antigen processing (TAPs), endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase-1 (ERAP-1), and Class I component β2-microglobulin, without major changes in Class I allele expression. These effects were associated with reduced presentation of Class I complexes on the Myc-CaP cell surface suggesting altered peptide transport, processing, and/or presentation. In contrast, IGF-1 upregulated immune checkpointCD274(PD-L1) via IGF receptor/AKT/ERK-dependent signaling. Analysis of public data (TCGA Firehose Legacy PCa) revealed increasedCD274expression in PCa with high endogenousIGF1andIGFBP5, markers of high IGF axis activity. Additionally, in primary PCa (n=32), multiplex immunofluorescence revealed higher PD-L1 expression in the central tumor of men with high serum IGF-1 promoting cancer cell immune evasion in PCa. These findings indicate a novel mechanism by which IGF-1 mediates immunosuppressive effects in malignant prostate epithelium, potentially explaining the poor responsiveness of PCa to immunotherapy and highlighting the complex interplay between IGF signaling and immune evasion.
Assessing Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Change Detection in Spatialized Acoustic Scenes
Authors: Poole Katarina C. , Cappotto Drew , Martin Vincent , Sztandera Jakub , Chait Maria , Picinali Lorenzo , Shiell Martha 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe ability to detect changes in complex auditory scenes is crucial for human survival, yet the neural mechanisms underlying this process remain elusive. This study investigates how the presence and location of sound sources impacts active auditory change detection as well as neural correlates of passive change detection. We employed stimuli designed to minimize semantic associations while preserving naturalistic temporal envelopes and broadband spectra, presented in a spatial loudspeaker array. Behavioral change detection experiments tasked participants with detecting new sources added to spatialized and non-spatialized multi-source auditory scenes. In a passive listening experiment, participants were given a visual decoy task while neural data were collected via electroencephalography (EEG) during exposure to unattended spatialized scenes and added sources.Our behavioral experiments (N = 21 and 21) demonstrated that spatializing sounds facilitated change detection compared to non-spatialized presentation, but that performance declined with increasing number of sound sources and higher hearing thresholds at high frequencies, exclusively in spatialized conditions. Slower reaction times were also observed when changes occurred from above or behind the listener, exacerbated by a higher number of sources. EEG experiments (N = 32 and 30), using the same stimuli, showed robust change-evoked responses. However, no significant differences were detected in our analysis as a function of spatial location of the appearing source.
Association between virtual visits and health outcomes of people living with HIV: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rehman Nadia , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Mertz Dominik , Muraca Giulia M. , Jones Aaron 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundVirtual care has been integrated as a modality of care in Ontario, yet its effectiveness for people living with HIV remains largely unexplored.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the association of visit modality (virtual, in-person, or both) on adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), viral load, and quality of life (QOL) in people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2022 Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS), collected during the COVID-19 pandemic when virtual visits were first introduced. Participants were grouped into three categories based on the mode of care: virtual, in-person, or a combination of both. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires and medical records, with viral load data linked to Public Health Ontario Laboratories (PHOL). Logistic regression was used to examine the outcomes of optimal ART adherence and viral load suppression, and linear regression was used for quality of life (mental and physical) outcomes.ResultsIn 2022, 1930 participants accessed HIV care in the OCS. Among them, 19.0% received virtual care, 45.6% received in-person care, and 34.3% received care through virtual and in-person modalities. The median age of the participants was 55 years (IQR: 45-62). In the multivariable logistic regression model, virtual care was associated with an increased likelihood of optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.70) and an increased likelihood of achieving viral load suppression (AOR 1.67, 95% CI:1.03-2.63). Moreover, combined virtual and in-person care is associated with an improved mental quality of life compared to in-person care (Adjusted Mean difference (MD) - 0.960, 95% CI 0.052,1.869).ConclusionThis study suggests virtual care is positively associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and viral suppression within this context. However, future research is necessary to establish causality and to assess the long-term effects of virtual care.
Using genomic epidemiology and geographic activity spaces to investigate tuberculosis outbreaks in Botswana
Authors: Baker Chelsea R. , Barilar Ivan , de Araujo Leonardo S. , Parker Daniel M. , Fornace Kimberly , Moonan Patrick K. , Oeltmann John E. , Tobias James L. , Minin Volodymyr M. , Modongo Chawangwa , Zetola Nicola M. , Niemann Stefan , Shin Sanghyuk S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of genomic and geospatial data into infectious disease transmission analyses typically includes residential locations and excludes other activity spaces where transmission may occur (e.g. work, school, or social venues). The objective of this analysis was to explore residential as well as other activity spaces of tuberculosis (TB) outbreaks to identify potential geospatial ‘hotspots’ of transmission.MethodsWe analyzed data that included geospatial coordinates for residence and other activity spaces collected during 2012–2016 for the Kopanyo Study, a population-based study of TB transmission in Botswana. We included participants with results from whole genome sequencing conducted on archived samples from the original study. We used a spatial log-Gaussian Cox process model to detect core areas of increased activity spaces of individuals belonging to TB outbreaks (genotypic groups with ≤5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms), which we compared to ungrouped participants (those not in a genotypic group of any size).FindingsWe analyzed data collected from 636 participants, including 70 participants belonging to six outbreak groups with a combined total of 293 locations, and 566 ungrouped participants with a combined total of 2289 locations. Core areas of activity space for each outbreak group were geographically distinct, and we found evidence of localized transmission in four of six outbreaks. For most of the outbreaks, including activity space data led to the detection of larger areas of higher spatial intensity and more focal points compared to residential location alone.InterpretationGeospatial analysis using activity space data (social gathering places as well as residence) may lead to improved understanding of areas of infectious disease transmission compared to using residential data alone.FundingThis work was supported by funding from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01AI097045, R01AI147336, and R01AI170204.
Synergistic generation of cardiac resident-like macrophages and cardiomyocyte maturation in tissue engineered platforms
Authors: Suku Meenakshi , Murphy Jack F. , Corbezzolo Sara , Biggs Manus , Forte Giancarlo , Turnbull Irene C. , Costa Kevin D. , Forrester Lesley , Monaghan Michael G 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease stands as the leading cause of death globally, claiming approximately 19million lives in 2020. On the contrary, the development of cardiovascular drugs is experiencing a decline, largely due to the bottleneck in understanding the pathophysiology of various heart diseases and assessing the effects of drugs on healthy human hearts. The development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and the availability of cardiac cell typesin vitro, has resulted in a surge in efforts to fabricate human cardiac models for disease modelling and drug discovery applications. Although numerous attempts evidence successful fabrication of 3 dimensional (3D) engineered heart tissues, the innate immune cell population of the myocardium – particularly cardiac macrophages, was until recently, overlooke. With increasing appreciation of the interactions between cardiomyocytes and macrophages in the myocardium, in this work, isogenic populations of cardiac resident-like macrophages and cardiomyocytes were generated using iPSCs, to understand the interactions between the two cell types in both 2D and 3D settings, and subjected to electric stimulation. After characterizing iPSC-derived macrophages (iMacs) and iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) in depth, the conditioning of iMacs to align to a cardiac resident macrophage-like phenotype in the presence of iCMs in 2D culture was explored. In co-culture with iCMs, iMacs upregulated known genes expressed by cardiac resident macrophages. Additionally, in co-culture with iMacs, iCMs displayed an elongated morphology, improved calcium function and an increase in known maturation genes such as the ratio between MYH7 and MYH6 as well as SERCA2. In a 2D setting, iMacs showed the ability to electrically couple with iCMs and facilitate synchronous beating in iCM cultures. The 2D characterisation was translated into an engineered cardiac tissue model, wherein, improvement in tissue characteristics in the presence of iMacs was demonstrated in terms of increased cell alignment, enhanced cardiomyocyte elongation, physiologically relevant beat rates and improved tissue compaction. Taken together, these findings may open new avenues to use iMacs in engineered cardiac tissue models, not only as an innate immune cell source, but also as a support cell type to improve cardiomyocyte function and maturation.