bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping strategies and perceived productivity in open-plan offices with noise problems
Authors: Appel-Meulenbroek Rianne , Steps Sven , Wenmaekers Remy , Arentze Theo 
Published: October 2020

PurposeTo study effects of different sources of noise in office environments on perceived productivity, how different types of employees cope with different noise sources, and the perceived effect of different coping strategies on individual productivity.Design/methodology/approachData on coping behavior and noise perception was collected through a survey among 150 employees of 3 organizations with an office in the Netherlands. These were analyzed withX2-tests and the lift-ratio.FindingsWhen coping with noise, people are most inclined to either “Make even a greater effort” or “Discuss the noise problem with colleagues,” despite the expectation that this does not have a major positive effect on their productivity. Overall, approach coping strategies were chosen less often than the avoidance coping strategies. There are clear preferences for specific coping strategies when exposed to specific noise sources. Personal differences did not appear to relate to the perception of noise sources but did show differences in coping behavior as well.Originality/valueThis study adds insights about preferred coping strategies for specific noise sources, differences in these preferences related to specific personal characteristics, and how successful these strategies are perceived to be with regard to support of individual productivity.
Targeted policy proposals for managing spontaneous forest expansion in the Mediterranean
Authors: Varela Elsa , Pulido Fernando , Moreno Gerardo , Zavala Miguel Á. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Recent forest expansion in Euro‐Mediterranean countries predominantly results from secondary succession in abandoned farmland, rather than from artificial afforestation. This major forest transition involves the delivery of both ecosystem services and disservices, which must be balanced through new land‐use planning and policy approaches.

Ecosystem services arising from this expansion of forests include increased carbon sequestration, water infiltration, provision of forest products, soil retention and forest coalescence. Nevertheless, ecosystem disservices such as reductions in water yield, landscape homogenisation, increased wildfire risk and/or the loss of high nature value managed habitats caution against generalisation of the benefits of such expansion.

Most EU funds related to forests are being allocated to conservation, restoration, or fire prevention and extinction efforts, whereas sustainable forest management and the maintenance of multifunctional agro‐silvo‐pastoral mosaics are hampered by the lack of financial incentives and by environmental regulations.

Policy implications. We advocate for more‐targeted policies based on landscape planning that favours multifunctionality while reducing environmental and economic uncertainties and maximising the ecosystem service/disservice ratio. The following recommendations follow from this approach: (a) a climate‐smart policy favouring fire‐resistant landscapes and enhancing value chains that stimulate active forest management; (b) the adoption of a territorial perspective, beyond forest and farm‐based measures and payments, that relies on management actions and minimises socio‐ecological tensions; (c) refocusing CAP Pillar II grants from afforestation and forest protection measures to sustainable forest management; (d) transforming the CAP direct payments to support multifunctional farming systems (e.g. agroforestry); (e) a more balanced inclusion of different land uses in the Natura 2000 network and intensification of the support for High Nature Value farming in less‐favoured areas.
The contribution of the edaphic factor as a driver of recent plant diversification in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Buira Antoni , Fernández‐Mazuecos Mario , Aedo Carlos , Molina‐Venegas Rafael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The high diversification rates of plant lineages in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot have been linked to a complex interaction of climatic stressors, geographic isolation and soil type, but the question remains as to which of these factors has been the most significant environmental driver of recent speciation.

Here, we draw on distributional data for the entire endemic flora of the Iberian Peninsula, together with DNA‐based phylogenies and spatial phylogenetic methods, to explore the patterns of relative phylogenetic endemism at different spatial resolutions and phylogenetic scales (superclades) and assess how environmental factors contribute to explain these patterns.

We found that recent diversification of angiosperms as a whole, and particularly of eudicots, has been boosted by environmental stressors including high values of soil pH and dry‐seasonal climatic conditions, while diversification of monocots has not been associated with soil conditions but with high elevation and less seasonal climate.

Synthesis. These results provide robust insights into the environmental factors driving recent plant diversification in the Mediterranean Basin, including a role of soil properties that had not been quantified before. The contrasting environmental drivers of diversification in eudicots and monocots highlight the importance of analysing spatial phylogenetic patterns at multiple phylogenetic scales to get a better understanding of the processes that shape biodiversity.
Impact of literacy across content on middle school students' reading comprehension in a rural context
Authors: Gutierrez de Blume Antonio P. , Katz Anne , Bass Jenna 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundReading comprehension is an essential skill not only during learning but also to successfully navigate everyday life. However, reading comprehension is a task that is challenging even among some adept readers. Thus, in the present investigation, we explored how to improve reading comprehension skills among a sample of middle school students (N = 124) in rural southeast Georgia, United States.MethodsEmploying a quasi‐experimental pre‐test/post‐test design, we randomly assigned six classrooms to serve as either intervention (three classrooms with n = 66 students) or control (three classrooms with n = 58 students). The treatment involved implementing evidence‐based literacy instruction across content areas by the three content‐area teachers whose classrooms formed part of the intervention group. Data on students' reading comprehension skill as measured by the Reading Inventory (RI) and Georgia Milestones Assessment System (GMAS) Lexile were collected at baseline (2018) and post‐test (2019).ResultsResults revealed that students exposed to literacy instruction across content significantly outperformed students in the control group on both post‐test RI and GMAS scores, after controlling for prior knowledge pre‐test scores, albeit the effect was three times larger for GMAS Lexile than RI scores.ConclusionImplementing literacy instruction across content areas is an effective method for enhancing reading comprehension. We discuss implications for research and practice considering these findings.
ASAP: assemble species by automatic partitioning
Authors: Puillandre Nicolas , Brouillet Sophie , Achaz Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHere, we describe Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), a new method to build species partitions from single locus sequence alignments (i.e., barcode data sets). ASAP is efficient enough to split data sets as large 104 sequences into putative species in several minutes. Although grounded in evolutionary theory, ASAP is the implementation of a hierarchical clustering algorithm that only uses pairwise genetic distances, avoiding the computational burden of phylogenetic reconstruction. Importantly, ASAP proposes species partitions ranked by a new scoring system that uses no biological prior insight of intraspecific diversity. ASAP is a stand‐alone program that can be used either through a graphical web‐interface or that can be downloaded and compiled for local usage. We have assessed its power along with three others programs (ABGD, PTP and GMYC) on 10 real COI barcode data sets representing various degrees of challenge (from small and easy cases to large and complicated data sets). We also used Monte‐Carlo simulations of a multispecies coalescent framework to assess the strengths and weaknesses of ASAP and the other programs. Through these analyses, we demonstrate that ASAP has the potential to become a major tool for taxonomists as it proposes rapidly in a full graphical exploratory interface relevant species hypothesis as a first step of the integrative taxonomy process.
Paper Cuts: How Reporting Resources Affect Political News Coverage
Authors: Peterson Erik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedia outlets provide crucial inputs into the democratic process, yet they face increasingly severe economic challenges. I study how a newly salient manifestation of this pressure, reduced reporting capacity, influences political coverage. Focusing on newspapers in the United States, where industry‐wide employment fell over 40% between 2007 and 2015, I use panel data to assess the relationship between reporting capacity and political coverage. Staff cuts substantially decrease the amount of political coverage newspapers provide. Across different samples and measurement approaches, a typical cutback to a newspaper's reporting staff reduces its annual political coverage by between 300 and 500 stories. These political news declines happen against the backdrop of similar reductions in nonpolitical coverage, meaning the share of newspaper articles focused on politics remains stable over this period. This demonstrates that economic pressure affects the political information environment by shaping the media's capacity to cover politics.
Who really cares about the environment? CEOs’ military service experience and firms’ investment in environmental protection
Authors: Gao Yongqiang , Wang Yingli , Zhang Miaohan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrior literature suggests that the chief executive officer (CEO) plays a significant role in a firm's environmental performance or voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors; we extend this line of research to examine the effect of CEOs’ military service experience on firms’ investment in environmental protection. Drawing upon the insights of imprinting theory, we argue that military service experience may instill in CEOs pro‐environmental values such as duty, self‐discipline, self‐sacrifice, and sense of community, which motivate them to adopt pro‐environmental behaviors such as investing more resources in environmental protection. However, we argue that the effects of pro‐environmental values imprinted on CEOs through military service are likely to vary across regions. In regions where the market is more developed and the local value system has experienced greater exposure to the impact of foreign values, and in regions where firms are more concerned about profit, this effect is likely to be attenuated. An analysis of three waves of a nationwide survey of private firms in China using the Tobit regression model supports these predictions. This study makes a unique contribution to the existing literature by linking a firm's pro‐environmental behaviors (i.e., environmental protection investment) to its CEO’s experiences in early life (i.e., military service experience).
Infections in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases treated with targeted agents: SEIFEM multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Marchesini Gessica , Nadali Gianpaolo , Facchinelli Davide , Candoni Anna , Cattaneo Chiara , Laurenti Luca , Fanci Rosa , Farina Francesca , Lessi Federica , Visentin Andrea , Marchesi Francesco , Prezioso Lucia , Spolzino Angelica , Tisi Maria Chiara , Trastulli Fabio , Picardi Marika , Verga Luisa , Dargenio Michelina , Busca Alessandro , Pagano Livio ,   for Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni nelle Emopatie (SEIFEM)
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe describe the opportunistic infections occurring in 362 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders treated with ibrutinib and idelalisib in clinical practice. Overall, 108 of 362 patients (29·8%) developed infections, for a total of 152 events. Clinically defined infections (CDI) were 49·3% (75/152) and microbiologically defined infections (MDI) were 50·7% (77/152). Among 250 patients treated with ibrutinib, 28·8% (72/250) experienced one or more infections, for a total of 104 episodes. MDI were 49% (51/104). Bacterial infections were 66·7% (34/51), viral 19·6% (10/51) and invasive fungal diseases (IFD) 13·7% (7/51). Among the 112 patients treated with idelalisib, 32·1% (36/112) experienced one or more infections, for a total of 48 episodes. MDI were 54·2% (26/48). Bacterial infections were 34·6% (9/26), viral 61·5% (16/26) and IFD 3·8% (1/26). With ibrutinib, the rate of bacterial infections was significantly higher compared to idelalisib (66·7% vs. 34·6%; P = 0·007), while viral infections were most frequent in idelalisib (61·5% vs. 19·6%; P < 0·001). Although a higher rate of IFD was observed in patients treated with ibrutinib, the difference was not statistically significant (13·7% vs. 3·8% respectively; P = 0·18). Bacteria are the most frequent infections with ibrutinib, while viruses are most frequently involved with idelalisib.
How we use molecular minimal residual disease (MRD) testing in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
Authors: Dillon Richard , Potter Nicola , Freeman Sylvie , Russell Nigel 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn recent years there have been major advances in the use of molecular diagnostic and monitoring techniques for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Coupled with the simultaneous explosion of new therapeutic agents, this has sown the seeds for significant improvements to treatment algorithms. Here we show, using a selection of real‐life examples, how molecular monitoring can be used to refine clinical decision‐making and to personalise treatment in patients with AML with nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations, core binding factor translocations and other fusion genes. For each case we review the established evidence base and provide practical recommendations where evidence is lacking or conflicting. Finally, we review important technical considerations that clinicians should be aware of in order to safely exploit these technologies as they undergo widespread implementation.
TMLRpred: A machine learning classification model to distinguish reversible EGFR double mutant inhibitors
Authors: Saini Ravi , Fatima Shehnaz , Agarwal Subhash Mohan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe EGFR is a clinically important therapeutic drug target in lung cancer. The first‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in clinics are effective against L858R‐mutated EGFR. However, relapse of the disease due to the presence of resistant mutation (T790M) makes these inhibitors ineffective. This has necessitated the need to identify new potent EGFR inhibitors against the resistant double mutants. Therefore, various machine learning techniques ((instance‐based learner (IBK), naïve Bayesian (NB), sequential minimal optimization (SMO), and random forest (RF)) were employed to develop twelve classification models on three different datasets (high, moderate, and weakly active inhibitors). The models were validated using fivefold cross‐validation and independent validation datasets. It was observed that the random forest‐based models showed best performance. Also, functional groups, PubChem fingerprints, and substructure of highly active inhibitors were compared to inactive to identify structural features which are important for activity. To promote open‐source drug discovery, a tool has been developed, which incorporates the best performing models and allows users to predict the potential of chemical molecules as anti‐TMLR inhibitor. It is expected that the machine learning classification models developed in this study will pave way for identifying novel inhibitors against the resistant EGFR double mutants.
A natural language processing approach based on embedding deep learning from heterogeneous compounds for quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling
Authors: Bouhedjar Khalid , Boukelia Abdelbasset , Khorief Nacereddine Abdelmalek , Boucheham Anouar , Belaidi Amine , Djerourou Abdelhafid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the past decade, rapid development in biological and chemical technologies such as high‐throughput screening, parallel synthesis, has been significantly increased the amount of data, which requires the creation and the integration of new analytical methods, especially deep learning models. Recently, there is an increasing interest in deep learning utilization in computer‐aided drug discovery due to its exceptional successful application in many fields. The present work proposed a natural language processing approach, based on embedding deep neural networks. Our method aims to transform the Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System format into word embedding vectors to represent the semantics of compounds. These vectors are fed into supervised machine learning algorithms such as convolutional long short‐term memory neural network, support vector machine, and random forest to build up quantitative structure–activity relationship models on toxicity data sets. The obtained results on toxicity data to the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (IGC50), and acute toxicity rat data expressed as median lethal dose of treated rats (LD50) show that our approach can eventually be used to predict the activities of chemical compounds efficiently. All material used in this study is available online through the GitHub portal (https://github.com/BoukeliaAbdelbasset/NLPDeepQSAR.git).
Outcomes in unilateral primary aldosteronism after surgical or medical therapy
Authors: Puar Troy H. , Loh Lih M. , Loh Wann J. , Lim Dawn S. T. , Zhang Meifen , Tan Pei T. , Lee Lynette , Swee Du S. , Khoo Joan , Tay Donovan , Tan Sarah Y. , Zhu Ling , Gani Linsey , King Thomas F. , Kek Peng C. , Foo Roger S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractContextStudies find surgery superior to medications in the treatment of primary aldosteronism (PA). It would be ideal to compare surgical and medical therapy in patients with unilateral PA only, who have the option between these treatment modalities. However, this is challenging as most patients with unilateral PA on adrenal vein sampling (AVS) undergo surgery.ObjectiveTo compare outcomes of surgery and medications in patients with confirmed or likely unilateral PA.DesignRetrospective cohort study of 274 patients with PA managed at two referral centres from 2000 to 2019.Patients154 patients identified with unilateral PA using AVS and a validated clinical prediction model were treated with surgical (n = 86) or medical (n = 68) therapy.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was a composite incident cardiovascular event comprising acute myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, atrial fibrillation or congestive cardiac failure. Secondary outcomes were clinical and biochemical control.ResultsCardiovascular outcomes were comparable, with the surgery group having an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.32–2.67), p = .89. Both treatments improved clinical and biochemical control, but surgery resulted in better systolic blood pressure, 133.0 ± 11.7 mmHg versus 137.9 ± 14.6 mmHg, p = .02, and lower defined daily dosages of antihypertensive medications, 1.0 (IQR 0.0–2.0) versus 2.6 (IQR 0.8–4.3), p < .001. In addition, 12 of 86 patients in the surgery group failed medical therapy before opting for surgery.ConclusionIn patients with unilateral PA who can tolerate medications, medical therapy improves clinical and biochemical control, and may offer similar cardiovascular protection. However, surgery reduces pill burden, may cure hypertension and is recommended for unilateral PA.
Effect of sibship asthma on newborns with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
Authors: Gundogdu Zuhal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundA number of studies have demonstrated that transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a risk factor for later asthma. The present study attempts to determine whether older sibling asthma is a risk factor for TTN.MethodsMedical records of 1318 newborns from neonatal intensive care and delivery units were studied. None of the subjects were first‐born, and thus, all had older siblings. Clinical data of mothers and their children were obtained from medical records. Data items included date of birth, gestational age (GA) at birth, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery including Normal Spontaneous Delivery or caesarean section (CS) and whether pre‐labour CS or not, reasons for CS, number of pregnancies, number of children, asthma of mothers and siblings, whether the newborn had TTN or not. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between siblings’ asthma and TTN.ResultsPre‐labour CS, maternal asthma, GA, babies with large and small birth weight for GA, number of pregnancies and children (three and more) were found to be significantly associated with TTN. Siblings’ asthma was found to be independently associated with a diagnosis of TTN.ConclusionsBoth pre‐labour CS and mothers with asthma were common risk factors for the development of TTN. An association was present between TTN and siblings’ asthma even in infants whose mothers did not have asthma.
Progress or regression? Institutional evolutions of community‐based conservation in eastern and southern Africa
Authors: Nelson Fred , Muyamwa‐Mupeta Patricia , Muyengwa Shylock , Sulle Emmanuel , Kaelo Dickson 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEastern and southern Africa has been a key laboratory for community‐based approaches to conservation for over three decades. During the 1990s, field‐level initiatives and national policy reforms across the region put it at the forefront of global experiments with community‐based conservation. Community‐based conservation, in theory and practice, is closely tied to institutional reforms that devolve rights over wildlife and natural resources to local communities. As such, these efforts have frequently encountered political‐economic and institutional barriers that limited their impact. This contributed to a rising sense of rollback and recentralization of community conservation approaches during the 2000s. Since then, community‐based conservation has expanded its scope considerably in some countries, notably Kenya and Namibia, primarily as a result of relatively supportive legal and policy provisions coupled with sustained government, civil society, and private sector support. At a wider scale, sufficient devolution of rights over wildlife and natural resources has been a chronic constraint, but community‐based initiatives have still managed to persist, adapt, and deliver some evidence of positive ecological and social impacts in Zambia, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Three key overarching trends across the region are (a) the significant growth and expansion of community‐based conservation where key institutional enabling conditions exist; (b) pervasive institutional limitations on community rights over wildlife and other valuable natural resources, which continue to constrain and undermine community‐based approaches; and (c) local entrepreneurship and resilience that continues to create new opportunities for community‐based approaches, even under adverse conditions.