bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disposable diaper overuse is associated with primary enuresis in children
Authors: Li Xing , Wen Jian Guo , Shen Tong , Yang Xiao Qing , Peng Song Xu , Wang Xi Zheng , Xie Hui , Wu Xing Dong , Du Yu Kai 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research investigated the association between prolonged disposable diaper (DD) wearing in infancy and primary enuresis (PNE). As a case–control study, we collected data from 376 children with enuresis and 379 healthy children who were sex- and age-matched at three tertiary care institutions in mainland China from August 2017 to July 2018. The results of adjusted logistic regression showed the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for PNE across the categories of age of daytime DD use cessation were as follows: ≥ 25 months: 1.00, 18–24 months: 0.25 (0.17–0.37), and ≤ 17 months: 0.11 (0.06–0.20), independent of age, mother education, residence, toilet training approach, breastfeeding duration, UTI, constipation, anaphylactic disease and family history. After a similar multivariable adjustment, increased age of daytime DD use (per-month) had a positive correlation with PNE, OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.13–1.20 and non-linear relationship was detected, whose point was 21 months (the effect sizes and the 95%CI on the left and right sides of inflection point were 1.04 (0.99–1.10), P = 0.131 and 1.25 (1.18–1.31), P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis found that the effect of duration of disposable diaper exposure for each additional month, those children had accepted assisted infant toilet training/elimination communication (AITT/EC) practice had a lower risk of PNE (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.04–1.12), compared with those without AITT/EC practice (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.14–1.27), P for interaction < 0.001. In conclusion, the children diagnosed with primary enuresis after age 5 stopped using disposable diapers at daytime later than the control group. Association between duration of DD exposure and the risk of childhood enuresis is modified by AITT/EC practice. Timely cessation use of disposable diaper and practice AITT/EC may shorten the time to nocturnal continence, and the prospective cohort studies are needed to verify the discoveries.
CD163+ macrophages are associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype in human carotid plaques
Authors: Bengtsson Eva , Hultman Karin , Edsfeldt Andreas , Persson Ana , Nitulescu Mihaela , Nilsson Jan , Gonçalves Isabel , Björkbacka Harry 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMacrophages are a functionally heterogeneous group of immune cells abundant in atherosclerotic plaques. Macrophages expressing CD163 are associated with intraplaque hemorrhage and have previously been considered atheroprotective. However, in a recent study CD163-deficient atherosclerotic ApoE−/− mice exhibited smaller and less complex plaques, suggesting a proatherogenic role of CD163. Previous smaller studies on CD163+ macrophages and plaque stability in humans have yielded diverging results. Here we assessed the association of CD163+ cells to plaque vulnerability in a large cohort of human carotid plaques. CD163 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 200 human carotid plaques removed by endarterectomy from 103 patients with and 93 patients without cerebrovascular symptoms. Furthermore, CD163 mRNA expression was analyzed in 66 of the plaques. Both protein and mRNA expression of CD163 was higher in plaques from symptomatic patients and in plaques with high vulnerability index. CD163+ macrophages were primarily found in shoulder regions and in the center of the plaques. The present data show that CD163 is associated with increased plaque vulnerability in human carotid plaques, supporting the notion that CD163+ macrophages could contribute to clinical events.
Critical roles of the ddx5 gene in zebrafish sex differentiation and oocyte maturation
Authors: Sone Ryota , Taimatsu Kiyohito , Ohga Rie , Nishimura Toshiya , Tanaka Minoru , Kawahara Atsuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDEAD-box helicase 5 (Ddx5) functions as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase and as a transcriptional coactivator for several transcription factors; however, the developmental function of the ddx5 gene in vertebrates is not fully understood. We found that the zebrafish ddx5 gene was expressed in developing gonads. Using the genome editing technology transcription activator-like effector nuclease, we established a ddx5-disrupted zebrafish and examined the morphological phenotypes of the mutant. We found that the majority of ddx5-deficient mutants developed as fertile males with normal testes and a small number of ddx5-deficient mutants developed as infertile females with small ovaries. Apoptotic cell death at 31 days post fertilization was increased in thick immature gonads (presumptive developing ovaries) of the ddx5-deficient mutant compared to those of heterozygous wild-type fish, while the number of apoptotic cells in thin immature gonads (presumptive developing testes) was comparable between the mutant and wild-type animals. Histological analysis revealed that ovaries of adult ddx5-deficient females had fewer vitellogenic oocytes and a larger number of stage I and II oocytes. The amount of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the ddx5-deficient ovaries was high compared to that of wild-type ovaries, presumably leading to the mitotic arrest of oocyte maturation. Therefore, the ddx5 gene is dispensable for testis development, but it is essential for female sex differentiation and oocyte maturation in zebrafish.
Photosynthetic base of reduced grain yield by shading stress during the early reproductive stage of two wheat cultivars
Authors: Yang Hong , Dong Baodi , Wang Yakai , Qiao Yunzhou , Shi Changhai , Jin Lele , Liu Mengyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe young microspore (YM) stage is the most sensitive period for wheat grain formation to abiotic stress. Shading stress during YM stage reduces grain yield mainly due to grain number decrease. However, the photosynthetic base for grain number decrease is still unclear. In this study, 100% (control), 40% (S1), and 10% (S2) of natural light were applied for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days (D1, D3, D5 and D7) during YM stage of two wheat cultivars (Henong825, Kenong9204). The results showed that grain number in Henong825 and Kenong9204 was reduced by − 3.6 to 33.3% and 14.2–72.7%, respectively. The leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) in Henong825 and Kenong9204 was deducted by 4.5–93.9% and 26.4–99.0%. Under S1–D1, the leaf Pn of Henong825 reducing was mainly due to the reduction of light intensity. With shading intensity and duration increasing, the reasons for leaf Pn decrease were the low light intensity, the low Gs (stomatal conductance) and chlorophyll content, the damage of ultrastructure of chloroplast and photosynthetic system. Under S2–D7, the chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm (maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II) and Jmax (maximum electron transport) were reduced by 19.6%, 5.2% and 28.8% in Henong825, and by 29.9%, 7.8% and 33.1% in Kenong9204. After shading removal, the leaf Pn of Kenong9204 under D5 and D7 could not reach to the level of CK. This study indicated that the reduction of leaf Pn was mainly due to the low light intensity under short shading duration (shorter than 3 days), and due to low light intensity and damage of the leaf photosynthetic system under longer shading duration (longer than 5 days), especially for Kenong9204 (shade-sensitive cultivar).
Environmental dust repelling from hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under vibrational excitation
Authors: Abubakar Abba Abdulhamid , Yilbas Bekir Sami , Al-Qahtani Hussain , Alzaydi Ammar , Alhelou Sharif 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMitigation of environmental dust from surfaces becomes one of the challenges for maintaining the optical characteristics of surfaces. Dust repelling from hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under vibrational excitation is investigated and the percentage of dust repelled from surfaces is evaluated. The characteristics of the dust particles are examined and dust adhesion on surfaces under molecular forces (van der Walls) is explored. High speed recording system is utilized to monitor dust repelling from the surfaces. The dust residues, which are not repelled from the sample surfaces, are analyzed and the percentage of area coverage of the dust repelled from the surfaces is assessed. The repelling height of the dust is predicted analytically, and the findings are compared with the experimental data. Findings revealed that the analytical predictions of dust repelling height are in good agreement with the experimental data. Due to none-stoichiometric elemental compositions in the dust compounds, ionic forces are created while forming the cluster-like structures because of particle adhesion. The vibrational excitation repels dust from sample surfaces in the form of cluster-like structures. Dust repelled from hydrophobic surface results in a larger clean area on the hydrophobic surface (80% of total surface area) than that of the hydrophilic surface (20% of total surface area).
Testicular blood supply is altered in the 41,XXY* Klinefelter syndrome mouse model
Authors: Wistuba Joachim , Beumer Cristin , Warmeling Ann-Sophie , Sandhowe-Klaverkamp Reinhild , Stypmann Jörg , Kuhlmann Michael , Holtmeier Richard , Damm Oliver S. , Tüttelmann Frank , Gromoll Jörg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHypergonadotropic hypogonadism is a major feature of Klinefelter syndrome (KS), assumed to be caused by testicular hormone resistance. It was previously shown that intratesticular testosterone levels in vivo and Leydig cell function in vitro seem to be normal indicating other functional constraints. We hypothesized that impaired testicular vascularization/blood flow could be a co-factor to the observed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. We evaluated the testicular vascular system by measuring blood vessel sizes during postnatal development and testis blood flow in adult 41,XXY* mice. Proportional distribution and size of blood vessels were analyzed during testicular development (1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 21 dpp, 15 wpp). While ratios of the vessel/testis area were different at 15 wpp only, a lower number of smaller and mid-sized blood vessels were detected in adult KS mice. For testicular blood flow determination we applied contrast enhanced ultrasound. Floating and reperfusion time for testicular blood flow was increased in 41,XXY* mice (floating: XY* 28.8 ± 1.69 s vs XXY* 44.6 ± 5.6 s, p = 0.0192; reperfusion XY* 19.7 ± 2.8 s vs XXY*: 29.9 ± 6.2 s, p = 0.0134), indicating a diminished blood supply. Our data strengthen the concept that an impaired vascularization either in conjunction or as a result of altered KS testicular architecture contributes to hormone resistance.
Fluidity of gender identity induced by illusory body-sex change
Authors: Tacikowski Pawel , Fust Jens , Ehrsson H. Henrik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGender identity is a collection of thoughts and feelings about one’s own gender, which may or may not correspond to the sex assigned at birth. How this sense is linked to the perception of one’s own masculine or feminine body remains unclear. Here, in a series of three behavioral experiments conducted on a large group of control volunteers (N = 140), we show that a perceptual illusion of having the opposite-sex body is associated with a shift toward a more balanced identification with both genders and less gender-stereotypical beliefs about own personality characteristics, as indicated by subjective reports and implicit behavioral measures. These findings demonstrate that the ongoing perception of one’s own body affects the sense of one’s own gender in a dynamic, robust, and automatic manner.
Determination of NUDT15 variants by targeted sequencing can identify compound heterozygosity in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Yu Chih-Hsiang , Chang Ya-Hsuan , Wang Der-Shiun , Jou Shiann-Tarng , Lin Chien-Yu , Lin Kai-Hsin , Lu Meng-Yao , Raghav Lovely , Chang Hsiu-Hao , Wu Kang-Hsi , Chou Shu-Wei , Ni Yu-Ling , Lin Dong-Tsamn , Lin Shu-Wha , Chen Hsuan-Yu , Yang Yung-Li 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMercaptopurine intolerance is an adverse effect of mercaptopurine administration in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Recently, NUDT15 variants were identified as a major determinant of mercaptopurine intolerance. Two NUDT15 variants, c.36_37insGGAGTC and c.415C > T, are located on exons 1 and 3, respectively. Patients with heterozygous c.36_37insGGAGTC and c.415C > T can be either compound heterozygous with two variants on different alleles or heterozygous with both variants on the same allele. Because patients with biallelic NUDT15 variants are extremely sensitive to mercaptopurine, clinical identification of NUDT15 diplotype would be advantageous. A cohort of 37 patients with c.36_37insGGAGTC and c.415C > T NUDT15 variants were selected for haplotyping by targeted sequencing. NUDT15 complementary DNA was amplified and sequenced by 300-bp paired-end sequencing on Illumina MiSeq. Of the 37 patients carrying NUDT15 variants, 35 had heterozygous NUDT15*1/*2 variants and two had compound heterozygous NUDT15*3/*6 and NUDT15*2/*7 variants. These two patients with compound heterozygous variants could only tolerate low doses of mercaptopurine, similar to patients with homozygous NUDT15 variants. Targeted sequencing of NUDT15 cDNA can be used to determine NUDT15 diplotype and identify patients with compound heterozygous NUDT15 variants.
Using serpins cysteine protease cross-specificity to possibly trap SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with reactive center loop chimera
Authors: Jairajpuri Mohamad Aman , Ansari Shoyab 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Human serine protease inhibitors (serpins) are the main inhibitors of serine proteases, but some of them also have the capability to effectively inhibit cysteine proteases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (Mpro) is a chymotrypsin-type cysteine protease that is needed to produce functional proteins essential for virus replication and transcription. Serpin traps its target proteases by presenting a reactive center loop (RCL) as protease-specific cleavage site, resulting in protease inactivation. Mpro target sites with its active site serine and other flanking residues can possibly interact with serpins. Alternatively, RCL cleavage site of serpins with known evidence of inhibition of cysteine proteases can be replaced by Mpro target site to make chimeric proteins. Purified chimeric serpin can possibly inhibit Mpro that can be assessed indirectly by observing the decrease in ability of Mpro to cleave its chromogenic substrate. Chimeric serpins with best interaction and active site binding and with ability to form 1:1 serpin–Mpro complex in human plasma can be assessed by using SDS/PAGE and Western blot analysis with serpin antibody. Trapping SARS-CoV-2 Mpro cysteine protease using cross-class serpin cysteine protease inhibition activity is a novel idea with significant therapeutic potential.
Stratification of canopy magnetic fields in a plage region
Authors: Morosin Roberta , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime , Vissers Gregal J. M. , Yadav Rahul 
Published: September 2020

Context. The role of magnetic fields in the chromospheric heating problem remains greatly unconstrained. Most theoretical predictions from numerical models rely on a magnetic configuration, field strength, and connectivity; the details of which have not been well established with observational studies for many chromospheric scenarios. High-resolution studies of chromospheric magnetic fields in plage are very scarce or non existent in general.
Aims. Our aim is to study the stratification of the magnetic field vector in plage regions. Previous studies predict the presence of a magnetic canopy in the chromosphere that has not yet been studied with full-Stokes observations. We use high-spatial resolution full-Stokes observations acquired with the CRisp Imaging Spectro-Polarimeter (CRISP) at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope in the Mg I 5173 Å, Na I 5896 Å and Ca II 8542 Å lines.
Methods. We have developed a spatially-regularized weak-field approximation (WFA) method, based on the idea of spatial regularization. This method allows for a fast computation of magnetic field maps for an extended field of view. The fidelity of this new technique has been assessed using a snapshot from a realistic 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulation.
Results. We have derived the depth-stratification of the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field from the photosphere to the chromosphere in a plage region. The magnetic fields are concentrated in the intergranular lanes in the photosphere and expand horizontally toward the chromosphere, filling all the space and forming a canopy. Our results suggest that the lower boundary of this canopy must be located around 400 − 600 km from the photosphere. The mean canopy total magnetic field strength in the lower chromosphere (z ≈ 760 km) is 658 G. At z = 1160 km, we estimate ⟨B∥⟩ ≈ 417 G.
Conclusions. In this study we propose a modification to the WFA that improves its applicability to data with a worse signal-to-noise ratio. We have used this technique to study the magnetic properties of the hot chromospheric canopy that is observed in plage regions. The methods described in this paper provide a quick and reliable way of studying multi layer magnetic field observations without the many difficulties inherent to other inversion methods.
Menschen ohne Krankenversicherung – Prävalenz und
Rückführung in die sozialen Sicherungssysteme durch den
Sozialdienst am Beispiel des Universitätsklinikums Essen
Authors: Neupert Ingo , Pieper Claudia 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Trotz der seit 2007 grundsätzlich geltenden
Versicherungspflicht leben in Deutschland Menschen ohne ausreichenden
Krankenversicherungsschutz. Daten zur Prävalenz oder zur Beschreibung
dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe gibt es kaum, vor allem für den
stationären Sektor. Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt deren
Prävalenz und soziodemographische Verteilung am Beispiel des
Universitätsklinikums Essen über einen Zeitraum von fünf
Jahren. Darüber hinaus berichten wir Ergebnisse der
Kostenträgerermittlung und deren monetäre Auswirkungen
für den Leistungserbringer.
Methodik Eingeschlossen wurden Patienten mit fehlendem oder unklarem
Versicherungsstatus der Jahre 2014–2018. Für eine differenzierte
Auswertung wurden vier Statusgruppen gebildet Patienten mit Leistungsanspruch in
Deutschland, EU-Bürger, Patienten aus Drittstaaten und Patienten ohne
Aufenthaltsstatus.
Ergebnisse Die Stichprobe umfasst 918 Patienten ohne
Krankenversicherungsschutz (mittleres Alter 31,3±20,6 Jahre,
52,1% Männer). Für den Fünfjahreszeitraum wurde
in 74% der Fälle ein Kostenträger ermittelt und dadurch
eine Kostenerstattung in Höhe von insgesamt 7,5 Million Euro erreicht.
Die größte Inanspruchnahme zeigt sich in den Fachabteilungen
Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe mit 20%, der Kinderheilkunde mit
17%, der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie mit 14% und der
Innere Medizin mit 13%.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie belegt, dass Menschen ohne
Krankenversicherungsschutz im medizinischen Versorgungssystem nach wie vor
existieren. Für den stationären Sektor zeigen die Ergebnisse,
dass eine Kostenträgerermittlung und Kostenerstattung möglich
sind und sich die Kosten beziffern lassen. Um insgesamt zielgruppenspezifischere
Maßnahmen für die Praxis entwickeln zu können, bedarf es
intensivere Forschungsansätze zu den Ursachen und Einflussfaktoren. Die
Verfügbarkeit flächendeckender Informationen würde die
Thematik der fehlenden Vergütung für diese Patientengruppe
politisch diskutierbar machen.
Der Anteil sexueller Minoritäten in der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland und potenzielle Assoziation zwischen der sexuellen Orientierung und depressiven Symptomen
Authors: Buczak-Stec Elżbieta , König Hans-Helmut , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Hajek André 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Beschreibung des Anteils sexueller Minoritäten in der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland und Darstellung einer möglichen Assoziation mit depressiven Symptomen.Methodik Daten der sechsten Welle (Jahr 2017) des Deutschen Alterssurveys (n = 5133). Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 66,1 Jahre (43–90 Jahre). Die Allgemeine Depressionsskala (Kurzversion, ADS-K) wurde zur Erfassung depressiver Symptome verwendet. Es wurde zwischen Hetero-, Bi- und Homosexuellen unterschieden. In die Analysen haben wir u. a. die folgenden Kovariaten aufgenommen: Alter, Geschlecht, Partnerschaftsstatus, Wohnort, subjektive Gesundheit, körperliche Funktionsfähigkeit (kurze Skala SF-36).Ergebnisse In der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland identifizieren sich 92,8 % der Individuen als Heterosexuelle, 1,7 % als Bisexuelle, 1,1 % als Homosexuelle und 4,3 % als „Andere“. Bivariat zeigte sich, dass kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen sexueller Orientierung und depressiven Symptomen besteht. In multiplen Regressionsanalysen bestätigte sich dieses Ergebnis.Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass kein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der sexuellen Orientierung und depressiven Symptomen in der älteren Wohnbevölkerung in Deutschland besteht.
Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Leading to Antigenic Variations in Spike Protein: A Challenge in Vaccine Development
Authors: Singh Praveen Kumar , Kulsum Umay , Rufai Syed Beenish , Mudliar S. Rashmi , Singh Sarman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has been unprecedentedly fast, spreading to more than 180 countries within 3 months with variable severity. One of the major reasons attributed to this variation is genetic mutation. Therefore, we aimed to predict the mutations in the spike protein (S) of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes available worldwide and analyze its impact on the antigenicity.
Materials and Methods Several research groups have generated whole genome sequencing data which are available in the public repositories. A total of 1,604 spike proteins were extracted from 1,325 complete genome and 279 partial spike coding sequences of SARS-CoV-2 available in NCBI till May 1, 2020 and subjected to multiple sequence alignment to find the mutations corresponding to the reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genomic study. Further, the antigenicity of the predicted mutations inferred, and the epitopes were superimposed on the structure of the spike protein.
Results The sequence analysis resulted in high SNPs frequency. The significant variations in the predicted epitopes showing high antigenicity were A348V, V367F and A419S in receptor binding domain (RBD). Other mutations observed within RBD exhibiting low antigenicity were T323I, A344S, R408I, G476S, V483A, H519Q, A520S, A522S and K529E. The RBD T323I, A344S, V367F, A419S, A522S and K529E are novel mutations reported first time in this study. Moreover, A930V and D936Y mutations were observed in the heptad repeat domain and one mutation D1168H was noted in heptad repeat domain 2.
Conclusion S protein is the major target for vaccine development, but several mutations were predicted in the antigenic epitopes of S protein across all genomes available globally. The emergence of various mutations within a short period might result in the conformational changes of the protein structure, which suggests that developing a universal vaccine may be a challenging task.