bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of shear‐flexural behavior of precast joints in prestressed reinforced concrete
Authors: Zhi Qing , Xiong Xinfu , Kang Liqun , Gong Liangyong , Xiong Jingang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe behavior of precast concrete structures at the limit states of ultimate bearing capacity depends on the shear and shear‐flexural behavior of the joints between precast components, such as shear wall and beam–column joints, or between the precast component and footing. This study presented a series of tests on the shear‐flexural behavior of precast concrete joints applied in precast structures with high strength reinforcement. The tested parameters of the specimens included the joint type, shear‐span ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, reinforcement type, and prestress. The tested results indicated that, for the precast joint specimens controlled by shear failure, the prestress by the high strength reinforcement can significantly improve the crack behavior, shear bearing capacity and stiffness of the precast structure. So it can emulate the monolithic cast‐in‐place specimen. For the precast joint specimens dominated by bending failure, the local deformation was mainly concentrated on the precast joint region, which affected the distribution of the plastic hinge region. To reduce the adverse effects by the precast joints, a grouting material with better performance should be used to improve the bond behavior of the reinforcement.
Conception and policy implications of photovoltaic modules end‐of‐life management in China
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Ge , Shen Bo , Zhang Qi , Liu Boyu , Xu Ruoxi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChina has become the world's largest market for photovoltaic (PV). Effective management of end‐of‐life PV components is critical to the sustainable development of renewable energy. However, the scale of PV recycle industry is still small in China, and there is a lack of supporting policies and public attention. Issues and solutions regarding PV end‐of‐life management have not been well covered by the research community, and this article aimed at filling this gap. This article first examined the growing need for PV modules end‐of‐life management in China as a result of rapid PV installation expansion fueled by governments’ policy promotion and fiscal incentives, especially with special programs such as the Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Initiative. Then, factors leading to the PV components recycling issues, policies adopted in other countries and regions to promote PV recycle, and various business modes that can be applied to enable PV recycle were reviewed. Finally, a more effective institutional hierarchy was presented for PV modules end‐of‐life management, with a set of specific recommendations on actions that can help strengthen PV end‐of‐life management.This article is categorized under:
Photovoltaics > Economics and Policy
Photovoltaics > Systems and Infrastructure
Were Social Democratic Parties Really More Working Class in the Past?
Authors: Rennwald Line 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to establish a baseline for the strength of the working-class character of social democracy in the decades following the Second World War in order to avoid any over- or under-estimation. The chapter develops criteria to analyse the class profile of social democracy and define a working-class party. The leading idea is that social democracy as a working-class party does not per se exclude support from other allied classes. I therefore propose a distinction between hybrid and pure working-class parties. The chapter demonstrates the relatively strong working-class character of social democracy in six Western European countries. The analysis focuses on the 1970s because this period still featured the ‘Keynesian class compromise’ (although it started to be in serious crisis) and comparative survey data are available.
Parties’ Changing Political Projects and Workers’ Political Attitudes
Authors: Rennwald Line 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter reviews possible explanations of workers’ new voting patterns. It focuses on the contrast between changes in the way parties mobilise (or do not mobilise) workers’ social class and changes in workers’ political attitudes. In a first step, it discusses significant transformations in social democracy’s political project and attempts by new political parties to mobilise the votes of workers. In a second step, it examines the political attitudes of workers on issues of redistribution and immigration. Workers display a particular combination of political attitudes: they support redistribution and at the same time they are opposed to immigration. Importantly, the chapter shows a strong continuity over time of this particular combination of attitudes. This suggests, therefore, that a transformation in the political supply of parties is more decisive to understand new voting patterns than changes in workers’ demands.
Introduction to Robot Introspection
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wu Hongmin , Rojas Juan , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we mainly introduce the definition, background, significance, and the start-of-the-art methods of collaborative robot multimodal introspection. The current issues of robot introspection are also introduced, which including the complex task representation, anomaly monitoring, diagnoses and recovery by assessing the quality of multimodal sensory data during robot manipulation. The overall content of this book is presented at the end.
Nonparametric Bayesian Modeling of Multimodal Time Series
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wu Hongmin , Rojas Juan , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we take a Bayesian nonparametric approach in defining a prior on the hidden Markov model that allows for flexibility in addressing the problem of modeling the complex dynamics during robot manipulation task. At first, considering the underlying dynamics that can be well-modeled as a hidden discrete Markov process, but in which there is uncertainty about the cardinality of the state space. Through the use of the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP), one can examine an HMM with an unbounded number of possible states. Subsequently, the sticky HDP-HMM is investigated for allowing more robust learning of the complex dynamics through a learned bias by increasing the probability of self-transitions. Additionally, although the HDP-HMM and its sticky extension are very flexible time series models, they make a strong Markovian assumption that observations are conditionally independent given the discrete HMM state. This assumption is often insufficient for capturing the temporal dependencies of the observations in real data. To address this issue, we consider extensions of the sticky HDP-HMM for learning the switching dynamical processes with switching linear dynamical system. In the later chapters of this book, we will verify the performances in modeling mulitmodal time series and present the results of robot movement identification, anomaly monitoring, and anomaly diagnose.
Defect CFT in the 6d (2,0) theory from M2 brane dynamics in AdS7 × S4
Authors: Drukker Nadav , Giombi Simone , Tseytlin Arkady A. , Zhou Xinan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Surface operators in the 6d (2,0) theory at large N have a holographic description in terms of M2 branes probing the AdS7×S4 M-theory background. The most symmetric, 1/2-BPS, operator is defined over a planar or spherical surface, and it preserves a 2d superconformal group. This includes, in particular, an SO(2, 2) subgroup of d conformal transformations, so that the surface operator may be viewed as a conformal defect in the 6d theory. The dual M2 brane has an AdS3 induced geometry, reflecting the 2d conformal symmetry. Here we use the holographic description to extract the defect CFT data associated to the surface operator. The spectrum of transverse fluctuations of the M2 brane is found to be in one-to-one correspondence with a protected multiplet of operator insertions on the surface, which includes the displacement operator. We compute the one-loop determinants of fluctuations of the M2 brane, and extract the conformal anomaly coefficient of the spherical surface to order N0. We also briefly discuss the RG flow from the non-supersymmetric to the 1/2-BPS defect operator, and its consistency with a “b-theorem” for the defect CFT. Starting with the M2 brane action, we then use AdS3 Witten diagrams to compute the 4-point functions of the elementary bosonic insertions on the surface operator, and extract some of the defect CFT data from the OPE. The 4-point function is shown to satisfy superconformal Ward identities, and we discuss a related sub- sector of “twisted” scalar insertions, whose correlation functions are constrained by the residual superconformal symmetry.
Renormalization and scale evolution of the soft-quark soft function
Authors: Liu Ze Long , Mecaj Bianka , Neubert Matthias , Wang Xing , Fleming Sean 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Soft functions defined in terms of matrix elements of soft fields dressed by Wilson lines are central components of factorization theorems for cross sections and decay rates in collider and heavy-quark physics. While in many cases the relevant soft functions are defined in terms of gluon operators, at subleading order in power counting soft functions containing quark fields appear. We present a detailed discussion of the properties of the soft-quark soft function consisting of a quark propagator dressed by two finite-length Wilson lines connecting at one point. This function enters in the factorization theorem for the Higgs-boson decay amplitude of the h → γγ process mediated by light-quark loops. We perform the renormalization of this soft function at one-loop order, present a conjecture for its two-loop anomalous dimension and discuss solutions to its renormalization-group evolution equation in momentum space, in Laplace space and in the “diagonal space”, where the evolution is strictly local in the momentum variable.
Electromagnetic dual Einstein-Maxwell-scalar models
Authors: Herdeiro Carlos A. R. , Oliveira João M. S. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Electromagnetic duality is discussed in the context of Einstein-Maxwell-scalar (EMS) models including axionic-type couplings. This family of models introduces two non-minimal coupling functions f(ϕ) and g(ϕ), depending on a real scalar field ϕ. Interpreting the scalar field as a medium, one naturally defines constitutive relations as in relativistic non-linear electrodynamics. Requiring these constitutive relations to be invariant under the SO(2) electromagnetic duality rotations of Maxwell’s theory, defines 1-parameter, closed duality orbits in the space of EMS models, connecting different electromagnetic fields in “dual” models with different coupling functions, but leaving both the scalar field and the spacetime geometry invariant. This mapping works as a solution generating technique, extending any given solution of a specific model to a (different) solution for any of the dual models along the whole duality orbit. We illustrate this technique by considering the duality orbits seeded by specific EMS models wherein solitonic and black hole solutions are known. For dilatonic models, specific rotations are equivalent to S-duality.
Vacuum structure of large N QCD3 from holography
Authors: Argurio Riccardo , Armoni Adi , Bertolini Matteo , Mignosa Francesco , Niro Pierluigi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the vacuum structure of three-dimensional SU(N ) gauge theory coupled to a Chern-Simons term at level k and to F fundamental Dirac fermions. We use a large N holographic description based on a D3/D7 system in type IIB string theory compactified on a supersymmetry breaking circle. The multiple vacua of the theory and the transitions between them are nicely captured by the dual holographic background. The resulting phase diagram, which we derive both at leading and first subleading orders in the 1/N expansion, shows a rich structure where topological field theories, non-linear sigma models and first-order phase transitions appear.
A model of electroweakly interacting non-abelian vector dark matter
Authors: Abe Tomohiro , Fujiwara Motoko , Hisano Junji , Matsushita Kohei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose an electroweakly interacting spin-1 dark matter (DM) model. The electroweak gauge symmetry, SU(2)L×U(1)Y , is extended into SU(2)0×SU(2)1×SU(2)2×U(1)Y . A discrete symmetry exchanging SU(2)0 and SU(2)2 is imposed. This discrete symmetry stabilizes the DM candidate. The spin-1 DM particle (V0) and its SU(2)L partners (V±) interact with the Standard Model (SM) electroweak gauge bosons without any suppression factors. Consequently, pairs of DM particles efficiently annihilate into the SM particles in the early universe, and the measured value of the DM energy density is easily realized by the thermal freeze-out mechanism. The model also predicts a heavy vector triplet (W′± and Z′) in the visible sector. They contribute to the DM annihilation processes. The mass ratio of Z′ and V0 determines values of various couplings, and constraints on W′ and Z′ restrict regions of the parameter space that are viable for DM physics. We investigate the constraints from perturbative unitarity of scalar and gauge couplings, the Higgs signal strength, W′ search at the LHC, and DM direct detection experiments. It is found that the relic abundance of V0 explains the right amount of the DM energy density for 3 TeV $$ \underset{\sim }{<}{m}_Vo\underset{\sim }{<} $$

<
∼

m
V

o

<
∼

19 TeV.
On Bianchi Type VI$$_0$$ Spacetimes with Orthogonal Perfect Fluid Matter
Authors: Oude Groeniger Hans 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the asymptotic behaviour of Bianchi type VI$$_0$$

0

spacetimes with orthogonal perfect fluid matter satisfying Einstein’s equations. In particular, we prove a conjecture due to Wainwright about the initial singularity on such backgrounds. Using the expansion-normalized variables of Wainwright–Hsu, we demonstrate that for a generic solution the initial singularity is vacuum dominated, anisotropic and silent. In addition, by employing known results on Bianchi backgrounds, we obtain convergence results on the asymptotics of solutions to the Klein–Gordon equation on all backgrounds of this type, except for one specific case.
The international discussion and the new regulations concerning transvaginal mesh implants in pelvic organ prolapse surgery
Authors: Ng-Stollmann Nathalie , Fünfgeld Christian , Gabriel Boris , Niesel Achim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of transvaginal mesh implants for POP and urinary incontinence is currently being extensively debated among experts as well as the general public. Regulations surrounding the use of these implants differ depending on the country. Although in the USA, the UK, in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France, transvaginal mesh implants have been removed from the market, in most mainland European countries, Asia, and South America, they are still available as a surgical option for POP correction. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the historical timeline and the current situation worldwide, as well as to critically discuss the implications of the latest developments in urogynecological patient care and the training of doctors.
Derivation of the 2d Gross–Pitaevskii Equation for Strongly Confined 3d Bosons
Authors: Boßmann Lea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the dynamics of a system of N interacting bosons in a disc-shaped trap, which is realised by an external potential that confines the bosons in one spatial dimension to an interval of length of order $$\varepsilon $$
ε
. The interaction is non-negative and scaled in such a way that its scattering length is of order $$\varepsilon /N$$

ε
/
N

, while its range is proportional to $$(\varepsilon /N)^{\beta }$$

(
ε
/
N
)

β

with scaling parameter $$\beta \in (0,1]$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
]

. We consider the simultaneous limit $$(N,\varepsilon )\rightarrow (\infty ,0)$$

(
N
,
ε
)
→
(
∞
,
0
)

and assume that the system initially exhibits Bose–Einstein condensation. We prove that condensation is preserved by the N-body dynamics, where the time-evolved condensate wave function is the solution of a two-dimensional non-linear equation. The strength of the non-linearity depends on the scaling parameter $$\beta $$
β
. For $$\beta \in (0,1)$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
)

, we obtain a cubic defocusing non-linear Schrödinger equation, while the choice $$\beta =1$$

β
=
1

yields a Gross–Pitaevskii equation featuring the scattering length of the interaction. In both cases, the coupling parameter depends on the confining potential.
Quality Comparison of 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI of the prostate using a flexible surface receiver coil versus conventional surface coil plus endorectal coil setup
Authors: Ullrich T. , Kohli M. D. , Ohliger M. A. , Magudia K. , Arora S. S. , Barrett T. , Bittencourt L. K. , Margolis D. J. , Schimmöller L. , Turkbey B. , Westphalen A. C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To subjectively and quantitatively compare the quality of 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate acquired with a novel flexible surface coil (FSC) and with a conventional endorectal coil (ERC).

Methods
Six radiologists independently reviewed 200 pairs of axial, high-resolution T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted image data sets, each containing one examination acquired with the FSC and one with the ERC, respectively. Readers selected their preferred examination from each pair and assessed every single examination using six quality criteria on 4-point scales. Signal-to-noise ratios were measured and compared.

Results
Two readers preferred FSC acquisition (36.5–45%) over ERC acquisition (13.5–15%) for both sequences combined, and four readers preferred ERC acquisition (41–46%). Analysis of pooled responses for both sequences from all readers shows no significant preference for FSC or ERC. Analysis of the individual sequences revealed a pooled preference for the FSC in T2WI (38.7% vs 17.8%) and for the ERC in DWI (50.9% vs 19.6%). Patients’ weight was the only weak predictor of a preference for the ERC acquisition (p = 0.04). SNR and CNR were significantly higher in the ERC acquisitions (p<0.001) except CNR differentiating tumor lesions from benign prostate (p=0.1).

Conclusion
Although readers have strong individual preferences, comparable subjective image quality can be obtained for prostate MRI with an ERC and the novel FSC. ERC imaging might be particularly valuable for sequences with inherently lower SNR as DWI and larger patients whereas the FSC is generally preferred in T2WI. FSC imaging generates a lower SNR than with an ERC.
Leukotriene receptor antagonists enhance HCC treatment efficacy by inhibiting ADAMs and suppressing MICA shedding
Authors: Arai Jun , Goto Kaku , Otoyama Yumi , Nakajima Yoko , Sugiura Ikuya , Kajiwara Atsushi , Tojo Masayuki , Ichikawa Yuki , Uozumi Shojiro , Shimozuma Yuu , Uchikoshi Manabu , Sakaki Masashi , Nozawa Hisako , Nakagawa Ryo , Muroyama Ryosuke , Kato Naoya , Yoshida Hitoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn our previous genome-wide association study, we demonstrated the association between MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Increasing membrane-bound MICA (mMICA) in cancer cells by reducing MICA sheddases facilitates natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Our recent study clarified that A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM), including ADAM9, are MICA sheddases in HCC, and that the suppression of ADAMs increases mMICA, demonstrating the rationality of mMICA-NK targeted therapy. Furthermore, we showed that regorafenib suppresses ADAM9 transcriptionally and translationally. A library of FDA-approved drugs was screened for more efficient inhibitors of ADAM9. Flow cytometry evaluation of the expression of mMICA after treatment with various candidate drugs identified leukotriene receptor antagonists as potential ADAM9 inhibitors. Furthermore, leukotriene receptor antagonists alone or in combination with regorafenib upregulated mMICA, which was in turn downregulated by leukotriene C4 and D4 via ADAM9 function. Our study demonstrates that leukotriene receptor antagonists could be developed as novel drugs for immunological control and suppression of ADAM9 in HCC. Further, leukotriene receptor antagonists should be explored as combination therapy partners with conventional multi-kinase inhibitors for developing therapeutic strategies with enhanced efficacies for HCC management and treatment.
Parameterization of mechanistic models from qualitative data using an efficient optimal scaling approach
Authors: Schmiester Leonard , Weindl Daniel , Hasenauer Jan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuantitative dynamical models facilitate the understanding of biological processes and the prediction of their dynamics. These models usually comprise unknown parameters, which have to be inferred from experimental data. For quantitative experimental data, there are several methods and software tools available. However, for qualitative data the available approaches are limited and computationally demanding. Here, we consider the optimal scaling method which has been developed in statistics for categorical data and has been applied to dynamical systems. This approach turns qualitative variables into quantitative ones, accounting for constraints on their relation. We derive a reduced formulation for the optimization problem defining the optimal scaling. The reduced formulation possesses the same optimal points as the established formulation but requires less degrees of freedom. Parameter estimation for dynamical models of cellular pathways revealed that the reduced formulation improves the robustness and convergence of optimizers. This resulted in substantially reduced computation times. We implemented the proposed approach in the open-source Python Parameter EStimation TOolbox (pyPESTO) to facilitate reuse and extension. The proposed approach enables efficient parameterization of quantitative dynamical models using qualitative data.
The role of internal climate variability in projecting Antarctica’s contribution to future sea-level rise
Authors: Tsai Chii-Yun , Forest Chris E. , Pollard David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRetreat of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) is likely to be a major contributor to future sea-level rise (SLR). Current projections of SLR due to ice-sheet mass loss remain highly uncertain. Better understanding of how ice sheets respond to future climate forcing and variability is essential for assessing long-term risk of SLR. However, predictability of future climate is limited by uncertainties from emission scenarios, model structural differences, and internal climate variability (ICV) that is inherently generated within the fully coupled climate system. Among those uncertainties, the impact of ICV on the AIS changes has not been explicitly assessed. Here we quantify the effects of ICV on the AIS evolutions by employing climate fields from two large-ensemble experiments using the Community Earth System Model to force a three-dimensional ice-sheet model. We find that ICV of climate fields among ensemble members leads to significantly different AIS responses, and that most of the effect is due to atmospheric variability compared to oceanic. Our results show that ICV can cause about 0.08 m differences of AIS contribution to SLR by 2100 compared to the ensemble-mean AIS contribution of 0.38–0.45 m. Moreover, using ensemble-mean climate forcing fields as the forcing in an ice-sheet model significantly delays retreat of the West AIS for up to 20 years and significantly underestimates the AIS contribution to SLR by 0.07–0.11 m in 2100 and up to 0.34 m in the 2250’s. This study highlights the need to take internal climate variability into account in assessing uncertainty associated with the AIS contribution in sea-level rise projections.