bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age of peak performance of elite men in middle- and long-distance running in the Czech Republic between 1945–2019
Authors: Bahenský Petr , Tlustý Tomáš 
Published: June 2020

Background: A peak performance age depends on several variables. Objective: The aim of our study was to identify the peak performance age of athletes in the Czech Republic in terms of middle- and long-distance running and to find out whether it has changed over the years that is between 1945 and 2019.Methods: We determined the peak performance age of top fifty, twenty and five runners each year. 22,350 available performances were analysed. Sources of our data were the yearbooks of the Czech Athletic Federation. We have also analysed the differences in peak performance ages across individual disciplines. To determine the statistical significance of the age difference of runners competing on individual tracks, we used the t-test, and through Cohen's d we determined the practical significance of these differences. Results: The peak performance age is significantly higher (p = .0015 and less) for longer tracks as each shorter track demonstrated lower peak performance age. The age of the best runners in Czech Republic: 800 m: 23.92±1.77 years, 1500 m: 24.97±1.65, 3000 m steeple: 26.07±2.26 years, 5000 m: 26.51±2.30 years, 10000 m: 27.91±4.03 years, marathon: 30.88±2.42 years. We have observed the lowest age of runners during the period starting in the late 1960s to the mid-1980s.Conclusions: The longer the track is, the higher the age of peak performance. This agrees with the physiological requirements of each disciplines, and it also corresponds with the maturity level of European athletes.
Particularities of hemodynamics and oxygen status in infants and preschool-age children with complicated community-acquired pneumonias
Authors: Horodkova Yuliia Viacheslavivna , Kurochkin Mykhailo Yurievich 
Published: June 2020

Background: The absence of the unanimity of views on the use of plasmapheresis, insufficiently studied issues of the course severity, hemodynamics disorders in children during intensive care (IC) of pneumonias with the use of efferent detoxication methods determine the rationale of the study.Methods: This was a retrospective-prospective study. Group I included children with discrete plasmapheresis (DPР) in complex IC, group II – children who received baseline therapy (BT), group III – control group. Each of the groups were divided into subgroups: A – children aged 1-3 years old, B – children aged 3-7 years old.Results: Statistically significant differences in HR between the study group and the comparison group were revealed on the 1st day of BT in infants; during the ROC-analysis, the discrimination point was determined: HR>137 bpm, Se=65.2, Sp=82.4, p=0.004, AUC=0.74 and on the 2nd day of BT: HR>129 bpm, Se=73.3, Sp=70.6, p=0.014, AUC=0.73; arterial oxygen content (CaO2) ≤126 ml/100 ml, Se=54.5, Sp=93.7, AUC=0.724, p=0.033. The DPP performance contributes to the restoration of circulatory normodynamia (mainly due to tachycardia regression), does not cause arterial hypotension; after its performance, a tendency to a decrease in oxygen delivery and consumption is observed, as well as base deficit reduction; the discrete plasmapheresis performance is associated with more frequent need in red blood cell transfusions.Conclusion: In infants, the values of HR>137 bpm during Day 1 of BT or HR>129 bpm and/or CaO2≤126 ml/100 ml during Day 2 of baseline therapy may be considered to be the risk factors of DPР prescription. Study showed effectiveness of discrete plasmapheresis.
Tunable narrowband shortwave-infrared absorber made of a nanodisk-based metasurface and a phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 layer
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Zhou Kun , Cheng Qiang , Lu Lu , Li Bowen , Song Jinlin , Luo Zixue 
Published: June 2020

A tunable absorber made of a nanodisk-based metasurface is proposed to realize a narrowband shortwave-infrared (SWIR) perfect absorption. By introducing a phase-change material

G

e

2

S

b

2

T

e

5

(GST) layer, we produce a selective and active control of the optical response. It is found that the narrowband absorption of 99.9% can be achieved for amorphous GST (aGST) with a modulation depth of 54.6% at 1931 nm, which is attributed to the strong electric dipole resonance in the germanium nanodisks. Moreover, under the aGST state, the full width at half-maximum of 22 nm can be acquired for a normal TM-polarized wave, and such a nanodisk-based absorber enables a tunable operating wavelength by adjusting the geometrical parameters to realize the spectral selectivity. In addition, the nanodisk-based metasurface nanostructure, combined with a dielectric Bragg reflector with alternately stacked

S
i

O

2

and

T
i

O

2

layers, can realize the SWIR dual-band absorption for aGST and single-band absorption for crystalline GST through the adjustment of electric and magnetic resonances. The designed absorbers have the potential applications in tunable absorption filter, thermal sensing, and optical signal processing.
Quantitative study of electron tunneling dynamics in asymmetric coupled InGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Weng Guoen , Liu Yuejun , Chen Shaoqiang , Ito Takashi , Hu Xiaobo , Zhao Chunhu , Liu Jianping , Chu Junhao , Akiyama Hidefumi 
Published: June 2020

Electron tunneling dynamics in asymmetric coupled triple InGaN/GaN
quantum wells (ACQWs) with different well thicknesses of 3.0 nm (QW1),
2.5 nm (QW2), and 2.0 nm (QW3) were quantitatively investigated based
on the time- and spectrally-resolved photoluminescence (PL)
measurements and the rate-equation theory. Under weak excitation, only
the emission peak of the widest well was observed at room temperature
due to the effective electron tunneling from a wide to a narrow well,
while all three emission peaks of the distinct wells were obtained at
a high excitation level. The PL-intensity ratios of the wells in the
initial transient spectra differed from those in the time-integrated
spectra. With a set of rate equations and the experimental results of
PL ratios and decay times, a 2 ns tunneling time from QW2 to QW1 was
extracted and was decreased to 0.5 ns with increasing excitation,
while the one from QW3 to QW2 was extracted to be

∼

170

p
s

. The extracted tunneling times are in
good qualitative agreement with the data from the exponential fitting
of the PL decay traces, which can be interpreted by the energy
mismatches between relevant energy levels in the ACQWs. These results
provide not only a better understanding of the carrier recombination
and tunneling processes in the ACQW systems but also a useful guidance
for high-performance ACQW-based optoelectronic and functional
devices.
Ultrathin, polarization-insensitive multi-band absorbers based on graphene metasurface with THz sensing application
Authors: Barzegar-Parizi Saeedeh , Ebrahimi Amir 
Published: June 2020

This article presents multi-band plasmonic absorbers based on a graphene array at terahertz frequencies. The absorbers are made of a very simple structure including a graphene disk array printed on the top surface of a dielectric spacer backed by a metallic ground plane. Multi-band performance is achieved with more than 90% absorption in the 1–8 THz frequency range by exciting surface plasmon polaritons of graphene. It is shown that the resonance frequencies of the proposed absorber can be tuned by varying the chemical potential between 0.8–1 eV for a triple-band absorber and 0.7–0.9 eV for a quad-band one, while keeping more than 80% absorption. The results obtained by means of full-wave simulation are verified with the results obtained by the analytical circuit model. The proposed absorbers are polarization-insensitive and provide stable absorption performance for both of the TE and TM polarizations. As an application, we designed a refractive index sensor based on the triple-band absorber. The results verify that the absorption bands are sensitive to the variations of the refractive index of the coating layer.
News from Germany: The Competition to Control World Communications, 1900–1945, Heidi J. S. Tworek (2019)
Authors: Boyd-Barrett Oliver 
Published: June 2020

Review of: News from Germany: The Competition to Control World Communications, 1900–1945, Heidi J. S. Tworek (2019)
Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 333 pp.,
ISBN-13: 978-0-67498-840-8, ISBN-10: 067498840X, h/bk, $27.96
Gamification in nursing
Authors: Fijačko Nino , Gosak Lucija , Debeljak Nika , Skok Pavel , Štiglic Gregor , Cilar Leona 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: With new generations of students entering the educational system and calling for novel adult learning approaches, such as gamification, traditional didactics seem to be diminishing in importance. The aim of this paper is to introduce gamification as a novel concept in adult learning and to present its impact on nursing education.Methods: Through a combination of 2dSearch, Publish or Perish and PubMed2XL applications and the set criteria, we used the Google Scholar and Medline / PubMed search engines to compile, analyse, and synthesise studies related to gamification in correlation with the educational process in the field of nursing. To assess the level of methodological quality of research, we used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT).Results: The final analysis included nine studies related to gamification in nursing course units. Most often, game elements in the form of badges and feedback were included. Most research studies reported a positive impact of gamification on nursing students in the form of increased motivation and engagement, with only one survey reporting a negative impact in the form of inappropriateness and inefficiency. The evaluation of the included studies according to the MMAT tool showed a medium level of methodological quality. Discussion and conclusion: Gamification is a relatively new concept in nursing education and represents the potential for a more advanced way of conveying information. In the future, research should be carried out to clarify the concept of gamification and examine the possibilities of its implementation in the educational environment in Slovenia.
s-Block metal scorpionates – A new sodium hydrido-tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate salt showing an unusual core stabilized by bridging and terminal O-bonded DMSO ligands
Authors: Plasseraud Laurent , Cattey Hélène 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Dissolution of [(μ-Me2CO)3(NaTp*)2] (1) (Tp* = hydrido-tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate) in DMSO at room temperature leads to the growth of colourless crystals characterized as the new salt [Na2Tp*(μ-Me2SO)3(Me2SO)3] [NaTp*
2] (2). 2 crystallized in the trigonal space group R3 with Z = 3, a = 14.1227(2) Å, b = 14.1227(10) Å, c = 33.9685(2) Å, and V = 5867.35(17) Å3. Interestingly, anion and cation of 2 both contain the Tp* ligand. Moreover, the cationic moiety highlights an unusual sodium atom hexacoordinated by six DMSO molecules acting as O-bonded ligands. Three of which exhibit a bridging coordination mode and three are in terminal position. To the best of our knowledge, the framework of [Na2Tp*(μ-Me2SO)3(Me2SO)3] is unprecedented.
Structure of 7-(3,3,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-2-(2-methylbenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-8-methylquinoline, C24H15F6NS
Authors: Kou Jianlan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
C24H15F6NS, monclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.5279(11) Å, b = 21.242(2) Å, c = 10.7096(11) Å, β = 119.1850(10)°, V = 2091.0(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0488, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1441, T = 296(2) K.
Factors for Development Investment Successes in the Holiday Property Sector
Authors: Szreder Jarosław , Walentynowicz Piotr 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The article attempts to identify, classify and evaluate the success factors of development projects implemented in the holiday property sector. The first part of the study presents development prospects for this market in Poland. The next part presents the idea of using key success factors in management. The empirical part presents the results of own research and the conclusions resulting therefrom. The analyses were based on the experience gained during the successful implementation of this type of projects and the opinions of their clients. The information presented in the literature on the subject was also helpful in developing the KCS list for the examined sector. In the authors’ opinion, despite conducting the research in an unrepresentative manner, the resulting conclusions, which are qualitative, can be highly helpful in implementing such projects in practice and as a material for discussion in the process of educating students.
Time-Varying Housing Market Fluctuations: Evidence from the U.S. Housing Market
Authors: Ozdemir Dicle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to investigate how the housing market and credit market factors contribute to US business and interest rate cycles in a time-varying transition probability modeling framework. The Markov switching results appear to exhibit periods of low-growth regime and highgrowth regime for both house and credit markets. The study also shows that the transition probabilities reflecting the regime switching behavior of business and interest rate cycles vary over time as functions of the house and credit market. We find that both the housing market and credit market contribute to whether the economy remains in a high-growth regime or moves into lowgrowth regime, and whether the interest rates remain in a low or high-growth regime. The results show that the housing market plays a leading role in affecting the time-varying probabilities between regimes for the business and interest rate cycles.
Mobile learning in a flipped classroom: findings from a “5-lecture-5” blended learning design for large classes
Authors: Yilmaz Yusuf , Suner Aslı , Yilmaz Ozlem 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to develop and evaluate a mobile learning (m-learning) design for large group application learning based on flipped classroom approach within an integrated curriculum of medical faculty.

Materials and methods
Totally 359 students enrolled in a two-credit course during the 2017–2018 academic year. An instructional design called 5-Lecture-5 (5L5) was implemented via mobile application. This design is a blend of m-learning and flipped classroom approaches, with pre-, during-, and post-lecture elements. Data were analysed using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Open-ended questions and course observations were analysed thematically and reported together.

Results
Of the participating students, 26.96% who saw the first announcement examined pre-lecture materials and 55.43% attended face-to-face lecture. Achievement test scores of those who attended lecture were significantly higher (p = 0.027). Correct response rates for each question were 99.30, 72.10, 58.70, and 94.40%, respectively. Consequently, students demonstrated positive attitude towards m-learning (M = 170.15 ± 28.48). The most preferred positive aspects were “active learning,” “interactive,” “entertaining,” “useful,” and “repeatable.”

Conclusions
M-learning activities within a flipped classroom with instant feedback were found to increase participation and interaction levels of students in classroom setting, resulting in their increased enjoyment and engagement.
Think twice: a rare calcium sensing receptor mutation and a new diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia
Authors: Tellam Jane J , Abdulrasool Ghusoon , Ciin Louise C H 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Distinguishing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) can be challenging. Currently, 24-h urinary calcium is used to differentiate between the two conditions in vitamin D replete patients, with urinary calcium creatinine clearance ratio (UCCR) <0.01 suggestive of FHH and >0.02 supportive of PHPT. A 26-year-old Caucasian gentleman presented with recurrent mild hypercalcaemia and inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) following previous parathyroidectomy 3 years prior. He had symptoms of fatigue and light-headedness. He did not have any other symptoms of hypercalcaemia. His previous evaluation appeared to be consistent with PHPT as evidenced by hypercalcaemia with inappropriately normal PTH and UCCR of 0.0118 (borderline low using guidelines of >0.01 consistent with PHPT). He underwent parathyroidectomy and three parathyroid glands were removed. His calcium briefly normalised after surgery, but rose again to pre-surgery levels within 3 months. Subsequently, he presented to our centre and repeated investigations showed 24-h urinary calcium of 4.6 mmol/day and UCCR of 0.0081 which prompted assessment for FHH. His calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene was sequenced and a rare inactivating variant was detected. This variant was described once previously in the literature. His mother was also confirmed to have mild hypercalcaemia with hypocalciuria and, on further enquiry, had the same CASR variant. The CASR variant was classified as likely pathogenic and is consistent with the diagnosis of FHH. This case highlights the challenges in differentiating FHH from PHPT. Accurate diagnosis is vital to prevent unnecessary surgical intervention in the FHH population and is not always straightforward.

Learning points:

Distinguishing FHH from PHPT with co-existing vitamin D deficiency is difficult as this can mimic FHH. Therefore, ensure patients are vitamin D replete prior to performing 24-h urinary calcium collection.

Individuals with borderline UCCR could have either FHH or PHPT. Consider performing CASR gene sequencing for UCCR between 0.01 and 0.02.

Parathyroid imaging is not required for making the diagnosis of PHPT. It is performed when surgery is considered after confirming the diagnosis of PHPT.
The Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling: A revised framework for understanding gambling harm
Authors: Hilbrecht Margo , Baxter David , Abbott Max , Binde Per , Clark Luke , Hodgins David C. , Manitowabi Darrel , Quilty Lena , SpÅngberg Jessika , Volberg Rachel , Walker Douglas , Williams Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsThe Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling moves beyond a symptoms-based view of harm and addresses a broad set of factors related to the risks and effects of gambling harmfully at the individual, family, and community levels. Coauthored by international research experts and informed by multiple stakeholders, Gambling Research Exchange (GREO) facilitated the framework development in 2013 and retains responsibility for regular updates and mobilization. This review article presents information about the revised version of the Conceptual Framework of Harmful Gambling completed in late 2018.MethodsWe describe eight interrelated factors depicted in the framework that represent major themes in gambling ranging from the specific (gambling environment, exposure, gambling types, and treatment resources) to the general (cultural, social, psychological, and biological influences). After outlining the framework development and collaborative process, we highlight new topics for the recent update that reflect changes in the gambling landscape and prominent discourses in the scientific community. Some of these topics include social and economic impacts of gambling, and a new model of understanding gambling related harm.Discussion and conclusionsWe address the relevance of the CFHG to the gambling and behavioral addictions research community. Harm-based frameworks have been undertaken in other areas of addiction that can both inform and be informed by a model dedicated to harmful gambling. Further, the framework brings a multi-disciplinary perspective to bear on antecedents and factors that co-occur with harmful gambling.
Physiological effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile of patients with cholelithiasis
Authors: Ikram Naila , Babar Shehzada A. A. , Aslam Tahir , Malik Hira , Zahid Natasha , Tariq Anas Bin 
Published: June 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The association of cholecystectomy with alterations in lipid profile is well documented. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of cholecystectomy on lipid profile of cholelithiasis patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional observational study was done on 170 patients admitted in general surgery department of Naz Memorial Hospital, Karachi from July 2018 to June 2019. Symptomatic cholelithaisis patients between 18 to 60 years, elective cholecystectomy was included while patients previously on lipid lowering agents, diagnosed renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, cardiac failure, pregnant mothers, hypothyroidism, pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice were excluded. For data analysis, SPSS was used. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare mean values of pre and post-operative lipid profiles after cholecystectomy keeping p value of &lt;0.05 as significant. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 60% of patients were females with majority, 31% patients between 31-40 years while least, i.e. 11% were between 61-70 years. The mean pre-operative and post-operative difference of 52±7.32 mg/dl was seen in total cholesterol levels (p&lt;0.001). The mean difference in high density lipoprotein (HDL) between pre and post-operative was of 13±0.36 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001). The mean difference in low density lipoprotein (LDL) between pre- and post-operative was 61±10.45 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001). The mean difference in triglycerides levels between pre- and post-operative was 46±25.49 mg/dl (p&lt;0.001).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cholecystectomy in gall stone disease patients elicited favorable response in significantly lowering levels of total serum cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides while substantially increasing levels of HDL cholesterol.</p><p> </p>
Rare foreign bodies of upper aerodigestive tract: a study of 30 cases
Authors: Samor Vivek , Sarowa Deepchand , Nayak Pooja D. , Saini Vaibhav , Kaur Gagandeep , Rathi Uma 
Published: June 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aero-digestive foreign bodies are prevalent in our part of the country. Apart from the usual foreign body we encountered some unique foreign bodies, the diagnosis and management of which, is difficult due to varied and overlapping clinical presentation. Rare foreign bodies in the aero-digestive tract pose challenges in diagnosis and treatment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective observational study on thirty patients with aerodigestive foreign bodies who visited our hospital from July 2015 to October 2017. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum number of cases was seen in age group of 0-5 years. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Among various types of foreign bodies, majority were metallic (43.3%). The most common site was cricopharynx (53.3%) followed by bronchus (26.6%) and esophageal (16.6%). The most common procedure done was hypopharyngoscopy (53.3%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies are one of the emergencies that have considerable mortality and morbidity. High degree of skill and suspicion are required by surgeon for the management of foreign body.</p>