bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The environmental performance of four municipal solid waste management scenarios: A life cycle assessment study
Authors: Jaafarzadeh Neemat , Ahmadmoazzam Mehdi , Kojloo Rahele , Jorfi Sahand , Baasim Yalda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLife cycle assessment was used to estimate the environmental impact of different municipal solid waste management strategies. Four scenarios (S1–S4) were considered, and the life cycle inventory of each scenario was performed using the integrated waste management (IWM) model. Scenario S1 in which all wastes are landfilled without processing and recovery of gas showed the highest negative impact on the environment. In scenario S2, where the organic portion of the waste is composted the environmental burden is greatly reduced compared to the first scenario. Scenarios S3 and S4, which are based on recycling and generation of energy, have a low environmental burden on the environment in addition to energy generation and conservation of nonrenewable resources. Therefore, increasing the use of waste processing and recovery options like composting, recycling, and energy generation base strategies is extremely recommended to reduce the adverse environmental impact of landfills.
Bearing fruit: Piloting a novel judgment bias task in an American black bear
Authors: Vonk Jennifer , McGuire Molly C. , Johnson‐Ulrich Zoe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractJudgment bias tasks can reveal changes in affect in animals as a function of environmental manipulations such as provision of enrichment. We assessed affect in an American black bear across seasonal changes in availability of a mulberry bush. We used a novel judgment bias task in which the background color of a touchscreen signaled whether the left or right positioned stimulus was correct. The bear learned the conditional rule in which the correct action for the white background (choose left) resulted in three pieces of food and the correct action for the black background (choose right) resulted in one piece of food. On probe trials involving intermediate gray backgrounds, left side responses indicated optimism and right side responses indicated pessimism. Tests took place at the beginning, middle, and end of mulberry season and again nearing the end of the summer and early fall before hibernation. The bear showed the most optimistic responses during the phase involving increased opportunities for foraging on mulberry. A follow‐up experiment confirmed that the bear preferred three food items over one food item, suggesting the quantity‐based discrimination was in fact salient to this bear. This is the first evidence for conditional discrimination learning in a black bear, validating the task to assess changes in affect.
Law and Digitization in Russia
Authors: Muravyeva Marianna , Gurkov Alexander 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRussian state has been intensively digitalizing in past decades. The “Electronic Government” program has achieved impressive results in moving legal processes and services online by creating a system of digital platforms to manage individuals’ and businesses’ access to justice (such as services Moi Arbitr or GAS Pravosudie), as well as offer other legal instruments (such as legal documents in digital form). However, these achievements have come at significant cost for law, the legal system, and public entities and private individuals, especially in a situation of authoritarian political framework. Firstly, Russian law has become hyperformalized, which is necessary for smooth digital processing. Secondly, electronic justice has increased access to justice and legal services in terms of time efficiency, but also damaged quality and contents of law. Thirdly, digitalization of law has brought a new level of surveillance, censorship, and information controls that was not available before. The law serves as an instrument of political manipulation, which leads to even further formalization of procedures and uses of e-justice to curtail freedoms of speech and other human rights.
Cybercrime and Punishment: Security, Information War, and the Future of Runet
Authors: Gaufman Elizaveta 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCybersecurity à la Russe is marked by the authoritarian nature of the state that is primarily concerned by the question of regime survival. This logic motivates continuous securitization of the Internet that is framed as a potential accessory to crimes committed both by foreign and domestic actors. This chapter aims to show the discrepancies in Russian cyber politics at home and abroad, highlighting its struggle for more internet regulation that is seen by the Russian government as a panacea against perceived external attempts at regime change while exploiting digital public spaces abroad. At the same time, this chapter shows that despite seemingly formidable “cyber army” capabilities for external use, domestic surveillance and attempts to build a Great Russian Firewall are still lacking.
Ergebnisse der explorativen Studie
Authors: Belz Malte 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungZwei zentrale Hypothesen werden im Literaturteil dieser Arbeit aufgestellt, nämlich die Hypothese der Formvariabilität (Kapitel 2: Welche phonetische Varianten treten auf?) und die Form-Kontext-Hypothese (Kapitel 3: Kann ein Teil der vorkommenden Formvariabilität durch den jeweiligen Kontext erklärt werden?). Im Folgenden werde ich mich diesen Fragen explorativ annähern.
Another SMEFT story: Z′ facing new results on ε′/ε, ∆MK and K → $$ \pi \nu \overline{\nu} $$
Authors: Aebischer Jason , Buras Andrzej J. , Kumar Jacky 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recently the RBC-UKQCD lattice QCD collaboration presented new results for the hadronic matrix elements relevant for the ratio ε′/ε in the Standard Model (SM) albeit with significant uncertainties. With the present knowledge of the Wilson coefficients and isospin breaking effects there is still a sizable room left for new physics (NP) contributions to ε′/ε which could both enhance or suppress this ratio to agree with the data. The new SM value for the K0 − $$ {\overline{K}}^0 $$

K
¯

0

mass difference ∆MK from RBC-UKQCD is on the other hand by 2σ above the data hinting for NP required to suppress ∆MK. Simultaneously the most recent results for K+ → $$ {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
+

ν

ν
¯

from NA62 and for KL → $$ {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
0

ν

ν
¯

from KOTO still allow for significant NP contributions. We point out that the suppression of ∆MK by NP requires the presence of new CP-violating phases with interesting implications for K → $$ \pi \nu \overline{\nu} $$
πν

ν
¯

, KS → μ+μ− and KL → π0ℓ+ℓ− decays. Considering a Z′-scenario within the SMEFT we analyze the dependence of all these observables on the size of NP still allowed by the data on ε′/ε. The hinted ∆MK anomaly together with the εK constraint implies in the presence of only left-handed (LH) or right-handed (RH) flavour-violating Z′ couplings strict correlation between K+ → $$ {\pi}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
+

ν

ν
¯

and KL → $$ {\pi}^0\nu \overline{\nu} $$

π
0

ν

ν
¯

branching ratios so that they are either simultaneously enhanced or suppressed relative to SM predictions. An anticorrelation can only be obtained in the presence of both LH and RH couplings. Interestingly, the NP QCD penguin scenario for ε′/ε is excluded by SMEFT renormalization group effects in εK so that NP effects in ε′/ε are governed by electroweak penguins. We also investigate for the first time whether the presence of a heavy Z′ with flavour violating couplings could generate through top Yukawa renormalization group effects FCNCs mediated by the SM Z-boson. The outcome turns out to be very interesting.
Kerr-Newman stress-tensor from minimal coupling
Authors: Chung Ming-Zhi , Huang Yu-tin , Kim Jung-Wook 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that at leading order in post Minkowskian (PM) expansion, the stress-energy tensor of Kerr-Newman black hole can be recovered to all orders in spin from three sets of minimal coupling: the electric and gravitational minimal coupling for higher-spin particles, and the “minimal coupling” for massive spin-2 decay. These couplings are uniquely defined from kinematic consideration alone. This is shown by extracting the classical piece of the one-loop stress-energy tensor form factor, which we provide a basis that is valid to all orders in spin. The 1 PM stress tensor, and the metric in the harmonic gauge, is then recovered from the classical spin limit of the form factor.
Antiquity and fundamental processes of the antler cycle in Cervidae (Mammalia)
Authors: Rössner Gertrud E. , Costeur Loïc , Scheyer Torsten M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe origins of the regenerative nature of antlers, being branched and deciduous apophyseal appendages of frontal bones of cervid artiodactyls, have long been associated with permanent evolutionary precursors. In this study, we provide novel insight into growth modes of evolutionary early antlers. We analysed a total of 34 early antlers affiliated to ten species, including the oldest known, dating from the early and middle Miocene (approx. 18 to 12 million years old) of Europe. Our findings provide empirical data from the fossil record to demonstrate that growth patterns and a regular cycle of necrosis, abscission and regeneration are consistent with data from modern antlers. The diverse histological analyses indicate that primary processes and mechanisms of the modern antler cycle were not gradually acquired during evolution, but were fundamental from the earliest record of antler evolution and, hence, explanations why deer shed antlers have to be rooted in basic histogenetic mechanisms. The previous interpretation that proximal circular protuberances, burrs, are the categorical traits for ephemerality is refuted.
Superiore Kapselrekonstruktion mittels langer Bizepssehne bei retrahierter Komplettruptur der Supraspinatussehne und der kranialen Infraspinatussehne
Authors: Brunnader Lars , Greiner Stefan , Voss Andreas 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag berichten die Autoren über einen Patienten mit einer Ruptur der Rotatorenmanschette, welche sich als retrahierte Komplettruptur der Supraspinatussehne und der kranialen Infraspinatussehne präsentierte. Nach 7‑monatiger Schmerzpersistenz und anhaltendem Funktionsverlust wurde im Rahmen eines arthroskopischen Eingriffs eine Rekonstruktion der superioren Kapsel durchgeführt. Die lange Bizepssehne wurde hierzu als Autograft verwendet und mit der kranialen Infraspinatussehne verknüpft. Auf diese Weise konnte ein kompletter Verschluss des posterosuperioren Gelenkraums erreicht werden.
The absorption law
Authors: Visser Albert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we show how to construct for a given consistent theory U a $$\varSigma ^0_1$$

Σ
1
0

-predicate that both satisfies the Löb Conditions and the Kreisel Condition—even if U is unsound. We do this in such a way that U itself can verify satisfaction of an internal version of the Kreisel Condition.
An electro-mechanically coupled computational multiscale formulation for electrical conductors
Authors: Kaiser T. , Menzel A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMotivated by experimental findings on deformation induced microcracks in thin metal films and by their influence on the effective macroscopic electrical conductivity, a computational multiscale formulation for electrical conductors is proposed in this contribution. In particular, averaging theorems for kinematic quantities and for their energetic duals are discussed, an extended version of the Hill–Mandel energy equivalence condition is proposed and suitable boundary conditions for the microscale problem are elaborated. The implementation of the proposed framework in a two-scale finite element environment is shown and representative boundary value problems are studied in two- and three-dimensional settings.
Antisocial cognition as a mediator of the peer influence effect and peer selection effect in antisocial adolescents
Authors: Brewer Ashley-John , Saunders Rob , Fearon Pasco , Fonagy Peter , Cottrell David , Kraam Abdullah , Pilling Stephen , Simes Elizabeth , Anokhina Alisa , Butler Stephen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe peer influence and peer selection effects are two widely replicated findings in the criminological literature that refer to the predictive relationship between antisocial behaviour and delinquent peer association as well as between delinquent peer association and antisocial behaviour, respectively. Research suggests that antisocial cognition might constitute a causal mechanism underlying part of these effects. This study investigated the extent that the peer influence and peer selection effects are mediated by one key aspect of antisocial cognition—beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict. This study examined whether beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict mediated the relationship between delinquent peer association and volume of self-reported antisocial behaviour and vice-versa, across a 1-year follow-up period, in 683 (433 male, 250 female) British adolescents (mean age: 13.8 years) with a history of serious antisocial behaviour. Participants completed measures at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months thereafter. Findings indicated that beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict partially mediated the peer influence and peer selection effects, explaining a substantial proportion of the total effect in the peer influence (i.e., 26%) and peer selection (i.e., 17%) models. These results suggest that beliefs and attitudes supporting peer conflict could explain part of the mechanism underlying the peer influence and peer selection effects in adolescents with a history of serious antisocial behaviour.
Foodborne Zoonoses Common in Hunted Wild Boars
Authors: Fredriksson-Ahomaa Maria , London Laura , Skrzypczak Teresa , Kantala Tuija , Laamanen Ilona , Biström Mia , Maunula Leena , Gadd Tuija 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe northern European wild boar population has increased during the last decade. Highest wild boar numbers in Finland have been reported in the southeastern part near the Russian border. Wild boars may be infected with several human and animal pathogens. In this study, we investigated the presence of important foodborne pathogens in wild boars hunted in 2016 in Finland using serology, PCR and culturing. Seroprevalence of Salmonella (38%) and Yersinia (56%) infections was high in wild boars. Antibodies to hepatitis E virus, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella were found in 18%, 9% and 9% of the wild boars, respectively. Trichinella antibodies were detected in 1% of the animals. We recorded no differences in the seroprevalence between males and females. However, Yersinia and T. gondii antibodies were detected significantly more often in adults than in young individuals. Listeria monocytogenes (48%) and stx-positive Escherichia coli (33%) determinants were frequently detected in the visceral organs (spleen and kidneys) by PCR. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1 and L. monocytogenes 2a and 4b were identified by culturing from the PCR-positive samples. Brucella suis biovar 2 was isolated from visceral organs. No African swine fever, classical swine fever or Aujeszky’s disease were detected in the wild boars. Our study shows that wild boars are important reservoirs of foodborne pathogens.
Whom do nascent ventures search for? Resource scarcity and linkage formation activities during new product development processes
Authors: Herrmann Andrea M. , Storz Cornelia , Held Lukas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExternal linkages allow nascent ventures to access crucial resources during the process of new product development. Forming external linkages can substantially contribute to a venture’s performance. However, little is known about the paths of external linkage formation, as well as the circumstances that drive the choice to pursue one rather than another path. This gap deserves further investigation, because we do not know whether insights developed for incumbent firms also apply to nascent ventures: To address this gap, we explore a novel dataset of 370 venture creation processes. Using sequence analyses based on optimal matching techniques and cluster analyses, we reveal that nascent ventures pursue one of overall four distinct paths of linkage formation activities during new product development. Contrary to the findings of the strategy literature, we find that if nascent ventures engage in external linkages at all, they do not combine exploration- and exploitation-oriented linkages but form either exploration- or exploitation-oriented linkages. Additional regression analyses highlight the circumstances that lead nascent ventures to pursue one rather than the other pathways. Taken together, our analyses point out that resource scarcity constitutes an important factor shaping the linkage formation activities of nascent ventures. Accordingly, we show that nascent ventures tend not to optimize by adding complementary knowledge to the firm’s knowledge base but rather to extend the existing knowledge base—a strategy which we call bricolage.
The rotten core of presentism
Authors: Tallant Jonathan , Ingram David 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecently, some have attempted to reformulate debates in first-order metaphysics, particularly in the metaphysics of time and modality, for reasons due to Williamson (Modal logic as metaphysics, Oxford University Press, 2013). In this paper, we focus on the ways in which the likes of Cameron, Correia and Rosenkranz, Deasy, Ingram, Tallant, Viebahn,inter alia, have initiated and responded to attempts to capture the core of presentism using a formal, logical machinery. We argue that such attempts are doomed to fail because there is no theoretical core to presentism. There is no single view or family of views that is presentism.
Changes in the Coating Composition Due to APS Process Conditions for Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2 Ternary Powder Blends
Authors: Grimm Maximilian , Conze Susan , Berger Lutz-Michael , Paczkowski Gerd , Drehmann Rico , Lampke Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThermally sprayed coatings from the single oxides and binary compositions of the Al2O3-Cr2O3-TiO2system show multifunctional properties. Ternary compositions are promising for further improvement in their performance. The stability of the composition during coating formation is an important issue for blended feedstock powders in order to obtain the desired properties. This work focuses on the compositional changes of a ternary blend of Al2O3, Cr2O3and TiOxpowders of equal content by mass in a conventional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) process using an Ar/H2plasma gas mixture. By increasing the argon flow rate at constant hydrogen flow rate, the total plasma gas flow rate and the Ar/H2ratio were varied. For the highest argon flow rate, this resulted in an average particle velocity of 140% and an average particle temperature of 90% of the initial values, respectively. Coating composition and microstructure were studied by optical microscopy, SEM, including EDS analyses, and XRD. In addition, the coating hardness and electrical impedance were also measured. Differences in the “difficulty of melting factor” (DMF) and the thermal diffusivity of the three oxides appear to be responsible for the dramatic change of the coating composition with an increasing argon flow rate. For the highest argon flow rate applied, besides TiO2, the coating contains only 8 wt.% Al2O3, while the Cr2O3content remained almost constant. At the same time, the change of the Ar/H2ratio resulted in the formation of stoichiometric TiO2in the coating by oxidation of TiOxin the feedstock powder. Moreover, a small content of titanium was found in the Cr2O3splats, showing that there are only limited interactions between the large oxide powder particles. Thus, the study has shown that stability of the chemical composition during spraying of ternary powder blends is strongly influenced by the process conditions.
Individualized Brain Tissue Oxygen-Monitoring Probe Placement Helps to Guide Therapy and Optimizes Outcome in Neurocritical Care
Authors: Häni Levin , Ropelato Mario D. , Wagner Franca , Nowacki Andreas , Söll Nicole , Haenggi Matthias , Raabe Andreas , Z’Graggen Werner J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background/Objective
In order to monitor tissue oxygenation in patients with acute neurological disorders, probes for measurement of brain tissue oxygen tension (ptO2) are often placed non-specifically in a right frontal lobe location. To improve the value of ptO2 monitoring, placement of the probe into a specific area of interest is desirable. We present a technique using CT-guidance to place the ptO2 probe in a particular area of interest based on the individual patient’s pathology.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed imaging and clinical data from all patients who underwent CT-guided ptO2 probe placement at our institution between October 2017 and April 2019. Primary endpoint was successful placement of the probe in a particular area of interest rated by two independent reviewers. Secondary outcomes were complications from probe insertion, clinical consequences from ptO2 measurements, clinical outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) as well as development of ischemia on follow-up imaging. A historical control group was selected from patients who underwent conventional ptO2 probe placement between January 2010 and October 2017.

Results
Eleven patients had 16 CT-guided probes inserted. In 15 (93.75%) probes, both raters agreed on the correct placement in the area of interest. Each probe triggered on average 0.48 diagnostic or therapeutic adjustments per day. Only one infarction within the vascular territory of a probe was found on follow-up imaging. Eight out of eleven patients (72.73%) reached a good outcome (mRS ≤ 3). In comparison, conventionally placed probes triggered less diagnostic and therapeutic adjustment per day (p = 0.007). Outcome was worse in the control group (p = 0.024).

Conclusion
CT-guided probe insertion is a reliable and easy technique to place a ptO2 probe in a particular area of interest in patients with potentially reduced cerebral oxygen supply. By adjusting treatment aggressively according to this individualized monitoring data, clinical outcome may improve.