bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How community sport programs may improve the health of vulnerable population groups: a program theory
Authors: Van der Veken Karen , Lauwerier Emelien , Willems Sara J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundGroups at risk of exclusion from society appear to have a lower health status and more health-related problems. Prevention efforts in these groups are not always successful, and new ways have to be sought by which health messages can be delivered. Many agree on low-threshold sport activities, also called ‘community sports’, to be a powerful tool to target socially vulnerable groups. Until now, it has not been investigated how and when such sport initiatives may be able to impact health outcomes in socially vulnerable populations. This study aims at developing a program theory that clarifies the mechanisms and necessary conditions for sport programs to be effective in health promotion. Such a program theory may constitute a backbone for developing health promotion initiatives within a sport for development setting.MethodsWe developed a program theory using a realist research design. We build on an extensive data set consisting of the insights of key stakeholders and participants of various community sport organizations at the one hand, and on relevant theoretical frameworks at the other hand. Data were collected through participatory observations of soccer trainings and related group activities, interviews with key stakeholders and participants, document analysis and two focus groups with stakeholders from associated social partnership organizations.ResultsThe health promoting effect of community sport on socially vulnerable groups seems not to result from an improved physical condition or sport-technical skills as such, but from processes of experiential learning among peers, incremental responsibility-taking and reflexivity. On the condition that participants feel safe, are stimulated to reflect and enabled to become actor of themselves and their situation, these processes are likely to lead to increased self-esteem, self-efficacy and motivation to set and pursue personal (health) goals. The key-influencing factor in these processes is the coach, who therefore needs to be adequately skilled in, for example, social vulnerability, motivational coaching and group dynamics.ConclusionsThe program theory developed in this study offers insights in the mechanisms proper to, and necessary conditions for community sport to be a lever for health promotion in socially vulnerable groups. Motivational processes at individual level and group connectivity are at the basis of personal health goal-setting. One of the necessary conditions is that these processes are guided by community sport coaches skilled in the meaning and impact of social exclusion, and capable of connecting with the target group.
Predictors and reproducibility of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and associations with birth outcomes in an urban population
Authors: Kuiper Jordan R. , Stapleton Heather M. , Wills-Karp Marsha , Wang Xiaobin , Burd Irina , Buckley Jessie P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are synthetic chemicals used as flame retardants and plasticizers in a variety of goods. Despite ubiquitous human exposures and laboratory evidence that prenatal OPE exposures may disrupt offspring metabolism, perinatal studies of OPE health effects are limited. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Determine predictors and reproducibility of urinary OPE biomarker concentrations during pregnancy, and 2) Estimate the relation of prenatal OPE exposures with birth outcomes and cord blood adipokine and insulin concentrations.MethodsWe analyzed five OPE metabolites in urine samples collected at up to three visits during pregnancy from 90 women enrolled in the ORigins of Child Health And Resilience in Development (ORCHARD) pregnancy cohort in Baltimore, MD from 2017 to 2019. To quantify the variability of metabolite concentrations during pregnancy, we calculated intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each metabolite using mixed effects regression models. Using self-reported questionnaire data collected during gestation, we assessed possible sociodemographic and environmental/behavioral predictors of each OPE metabolite using generalized estimating equations to account for repeated exposure measures. We ascertained birth outcomes of 76 offspring from medical records, including weight-for-gestational age, length, ponderal index, and gestational age. In a subset of 37 infants, we measured cord blood concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, and insulin. To account for repeated exposure measures, we used linear structural equation models to assess the relations of standard deviation (SD) increases in prenatal OPE metabolite factor scores with continuous birth outcomes and cord blood biomarker concentrations.ResultsICCs ranged from 0.09 for isopropylphenyl-phenyl phosphate (ip-PPP) to 0.59 for bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP). We observed little consistency in environmental or behavioral predictors of OPE exposures, although concentrations were generally lower for samples collected in the afternoon compared to morning and winter compared to other seasons. In adjusted analyses, a SD increase in BDCIPP concentration was associated with a 0.06 g/cm3(95% CI: 0.00, 0.12) greater ponderal index. A SD increase in BDCIPP was associated with a 0.37 (95% CI: − 0.62, − 0.13) SD lower insulin concentration and 0.24 (95% CI: − 0.39, − 0.08) SD lower leptin concentration. Other OPEs were not associated with infant outcomes.ConclusionsThese findings suggest some OPEs may be metabolic disruptors warranting investigation in larger studies.
Real-time monitoring of bacterial biofilms metabolic activity by a redox-reactive nanosensors array
Authors: Yeor-Davidi Ella , Zverzhinetsky Marina , Krivitsky Vadim , Patolsky Fernando 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Bacterial biofilms are communities of surface-associated microorganisms living in cellular clusters or micro-colonies, encapsulated in a complex matrix composed of an extracellular polymeric substance, separated by open water channels that act as a circulatory system that enable better diffusion of nutrients and easier removal of metabolic waste products. The monitoring of biofilms can provide important information on fundamental biofilm-related processes. That information can shed light on the bacterial processes and enable scientists to find ways of preventing future bacterial infections. Various approaches in use for biofilm analysis are based on microscopic, spectrochemical, electrochemical, and piezoelectrical methods. All these methods provide significant progress in understanding the bio-process related to biofilm formation and eradication, nevertheless, the development of novel approaches for the real-time monitoring of biochemical, in particular metabolic activity, of bacterial species during the formation, life and eradication of biofilms is of great potential importance.

Results
Here, detection and monitoring of the metabolic activity of bacterial biofilms in high-ionic-strength solutions were enabled as a result of novel surface modification by an active redox system, composed of 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene/9,10-anthraquinone, on the oxide layer of the SiNW, yielding a chemically-gated FET array. With the use of enzymatic reactions of oxidases, metabolites can be converted to H2O2 and monitored by the nanosensors. Here, the successful detection of glucose metabolites in high-ionic-strength solutions, such as bacterial media, without pre-processing of small volume samples under different conditions and treatments, has been demonstrated. The biofilms were treated with antibiotics differing in their mechanisms of action and were compared to untreated biofilms. Further examination of biofilms under antibiotic treatment with SiNW-FET devices could shed light on the bioprocess that occurs within the biofilm. Moreover, finding proper treatment that eliminates the biofilm could be examined by the novel nanosensor as a monitoring tool.

Conclusions
To summarize, the combination of redox-reactive SiNW-FET devices with micro-fluidic techniques enables the performance of rapid, automated, and real-time metabolite detection with the use of minimal sample size, noninvasively and label-free. This novel platform can be used as an extremely sensitive tool for detection and establishing medical solutions for bacterial-biofilm eradication and for finding a proper treatment to eliminate biofilm contaminations. Moreover, the sensing system can be used as a research tool for further understanding of the metabolic processes that occur within the bacterial biofilm population.
Prisoners should not be left behind in HCV research and policies
Authors: Moazen Babak , Stöver Heino , Dolan Kate , Jahn Albrecht , Neuhann Florian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith a worldwide prevalence of 15.4%, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been estimated to be the most prevalent major infectious disease in prisons. The exceptionally high prevalence of HCV in prisons is attributable to common risk behaviors including sharing contaminated tattooing equipment and drug paraphernalia, as well as lack of HCV control interventions including needle and syringe programs. Despite the importance of attention to prisoners as a highly at-risk population to acquire and transmit HCV, the number of HCV research and policy documents ignoring prisoners is increasing. Highlighting this issue, the present manuscript discusses how excluding prisoners from HCV-related research and policies will jeopardize the global HCV elimination goals set forth by the global community.
Interaction of sleep quality and anxiety on quality of life in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dong Dong , Lou Peian , Wang Jian , Zhang Pan , Sun Jianquan , Chang Guiqiu , Xu Chunrong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeSleep disturbances and anxious symptoms are very common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). This study aimed to assess the interactive effects of poor sleep quality and anxious symptoms on the quality of life of people with T2DM.MethodsNine hundred and forty-four participants with T2DM were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Demographic and physiological characteristics were recorded. Each participant completed a Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder questionnaire, and the Diabetes Specificity Quality of Life scale. The products of poor sleep quality and anxiety were added to a logistic regression model to evaluate the multiplicative interactions, expressed as the relative excess risk of interaction, the attributable proportion of interaction, and the synergy index.ResultsPoor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms were associated with reduced quality of life. There was a significant interaction between poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms; this combined effect significantly reduced quality of life scores by 6.09-fold. The relative excess risk of interactions was 1.36.ConclusionsThe combined effect of poor sleep quality and anxiety symptoms reduces quality of life in people with T2DM.Trial registrationChiCTR-IOP-16008045. Registered 3 March 2016.A clinical study to investigate gum infection in patients undergoing kidney dialysis.
How does the EQ-5D-Y Proxy version 1 perform in 3, 4 and 5-year-old children?
Authors: Verstraete Janine , Lloyd Andrew , Scott Des , Jelsma Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The EQ-5D-Y Proxy is currently recommended for Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) measurement in children aged 4–8 years of age. However, it has only been validated in children over six years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of the EQ-5D-Y proxy version 1 in children between the ages of 3–6 years.

Methods
A sample of 328 children between 3 and 6 years of age were recruited which included children who were either acutely-ill (AI), chronically-ill (CI) or from the general school going population (GP). The EQ-5D-Y Proxy Version 1 and the PedsQL questionnaires were administered at baseline. The EQ-5D-Y Proxy was administered telephonically 24 h later to children with chronic illnesses to establish test-retest reliability. The distribution of dimensions and summary scores, Cohen’s kappa, the intraclass correlation coefficient, Pearson’s correlation and Analysis of variance were used to explore the reliability, and validity of the EQ-5D-Y for each age group. A single index score was estimated using Latent scores and Adult EQ-5D-3 L values (Dolan).

Results
The groups included 3-year olds (n = 105), 4-year olds (n = 98) and 5-years olds (n = 118). The dimension Looking after Myself had the greatest variability between age groups and had the highest rate of problems reported. Worried, Sad or Unhappy and Pain or Discomfort were not stable across time in test-retest analysis. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and single index scores estimated using the latent values and Dolan tariff had good test retest (except for the latent value scores in a small number of 4-year olds). EQ-5D-Y scores for all ages had small to moderate correlations with PedsQL total score. The EQ-5D-Y discriminated well between children with a health condition and the general population for all age groups. Caregivers reported difficulty completing the Looking after Myself dimension due to age-related difficulties with washing and dressing.

Conclusion
The dimension of Looking after Myself is problematic for these young children but most notably so in the 3 year old group. If one considers the summary scores of the EQ-5D-Y Proxy version 1 it appears to work well. Known group validity was demonstrated. Concurrent validity was demonstrated on a composite level but not for individual dimensions of Usual Activities or Worried, Sad or Unhappy.. The observable dimensions demonstrated stability over time, with the inferred dimensions (Pain or Discomfort and Worried, Sad or Unhappy) less so, which is to be expected. Further work is needed in exploring either the adaptation of the dimensions in the younger age groups.
Comparative analysis of enoxaparin versus rivaroxaban in the treatment of cancer associated venous thromboembolism: experience from a tertiary care cancer centre
Authors: Faqah Anadil , Sheikh Hassan , Bakar Muhammad Abu , Tayyaab Fatima , Khawaja Sahrish 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. While newer data on use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in treating cancer associated thrombosis (CAT) is promising; its data is still few and inconsistent across literature. We designed the study to assess if rivaroxaban would be an appealing alternate choice to treat CAT.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin in cancer patients after developing a symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Baseline patient characteristics and laboratory values were assessed in each arm. Primary efficacy outcome was measured by radiographically confirmed VTE recurrence at different intervals. Primary safety outcome was measured by presence of major and minor bleeding using the ISTH scale.

Results
Our study recruited 150 cancer patients with radiologically confirmed DVT and PE; 80 patients were evaluated in enoxaparin arm and 70 patients in rivaroxaban arm. Our results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the incidence of VTE recurrence at 6 months between the enoxaparin and rivaroxaban arm (10% vs 14.2%, p = 0.42). Historically significant risk factors for VTE in cancer patients such as high platelet count, high leukocyte count, low hemoglobin level, high risk gastrointestinal, genitourinary and lung cancers were not found to be significantly associated with the risk of VTE recurrence. Primary safety outcome analysis also showed no statistically significant difference in major (11.2% vs 11.4%) and minor (15% vs 10%) bleeding between enoxaparin versus rivaroxaban arm respectively (p = 0.65).

Conclusion
We conclude that there was no significant difference seen between the efficacy and safety profile of enoxaparin and rivaroxaban in our cancer patient population.
Redressing the gender imbalance: a qualitative analysis of recruitment and retention in Mozambique’s community health workforce
Authors: Steege Rosalind , Taegtmeyer Miriam , Ndima Sozinho , Give Celso , Sidat Mohsin , Ferrão Clara , Theobald Sally 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Mozambique’s community health programme has a disproportionate number of male community health workers (known as Agentes Polivalentes Elementares (APEs)). The Government of Mozambique is aiming to increase the proportion of females to constitute 60% to improve maternal and child health outcomes. To understand the imbalance, this study explored the current recruitment processes for APEs and how these are shaped by gender norms, roles and relations, as well as how they influence the experience and retention of APEs in Maputo Province, Mozambique.

Methods
We employed qualitative methods with APEs, APE supervisors, community leaders and a government official in two districts within Maputo Province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated. A coding framework was developed in accordance with thematic analysis to synthesise the findings.

Findings
In-depth interviews (n = 30), key informant interviews (n = 1) and focus group discussions (n = 3) captured experiences and perceptions of employment processes. Intra-household decision-making structures mean women may experience additional barriers to join the APE programme, often requiring their husband’s consent. Training programmes outside of the community were viewed positively as an opportunity to build a cohort. However, women reported difficulty leaving family responsibilities behind, and men reported challenges in providing for their families during training as other income-generating opportunities were not available to them. These dynamics were particularly acute in the case of single mothers, serving both a provider and primary carer role. Differences in attrition by gender were reported: women are likely to leave the programme when they marry, whereas men tend to leave when offered another job with a higher salary. Age and geographic location were also important intersecting factors: younger male and female APEs seek employment opportunities in neighbouring South Africa, whereas older APEs are more content to remain.

Conclusion
Gender norms, roles and power dynamics intersect with other axes of inequity such as marital status, age and geographic location to impact recruitment and retention of APEs in Maputo Province, Mozambique. Responsive policies to support gender equity within APE recruitment processes are required to support and retain a gender-equitable APE cadre.
Heat shock response regulates stimulus-specificity and sensitivity of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signalling
Authors: Paszek Anna , Kardyńska Małgorzata , Bagnall James , Śmieja Jarosław , Spiller David G. , Widłak Piotr , Kimmel Marek , Widlak Wieslawa , Paszek Pawel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbility to adapt to temperature changes trough the Heat Shock Response (HSR) pathways is one of the most fundamental and clinically relevant cellular response systems. Heat Shock (HS) affects the signalling and gene expression responses of the Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) transcription factor, a critical regulator of proliferation and inflammation, however, our quantitative understanding of how cells sense and adapt to temperature changes is limited.MethodsWe used live-cell time-lapse microscopy and mathematical modelling to understand the signalling of the NF-κB system in the human MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cells in response to pro-inflammatory Interleukin 1β (IL1β) and Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) cytokines, following exposure to a 37–43 °C range of physiological and clinical temperatures.ResultsWe show that exposure to 43 °C 1 h HS inhibits the immediate NF-κB signalling response to TNFα and IL1β stimulation although uptake of cytokines is not impaired. Within 4 h after HS treatment IL1β-induced NF-κB responses return to normal levels, but the recovery of the TNFα-induced responses is still affected. Using siRNA knock-down of Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) we show that this stimulus-specificity is conferred via the Inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) signalosome where HSF1-dependent feedback regulates TNFα, but not IL1β-mediated IKK recovery post HS. Furthermore, we demonstrate that through the temperature-dependent denaturation and recovery of IKK, TNFα and IL1β-mediated signalling exhibit different temperature sensitivity and adaptation to repeated HS when exposed to a 37–43 °C temperature range. Specifically, IL1β-mediated NF-κB responses are more robust to temperature changes in comparison to those induced by TNFα treatment.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the kinetics of the NF-κB system following temperature stress is cytokine specific and exhibit differential adaptation to temperature changes. We propose that this differential temperature sensitivity is mediated via the IKK signalosome, which acts as a bona fide temperature sensor trough the HSR cross-talk. This novel quantitative understanding of NF-κB and HSR interactions is fundamentally important for the potential optimization of therapeutic hyperthermia protocols.
Impact of dopamine-related genetic variants on physical activity in old age – a cohort study
Authors: Dohrn Ing-Mari , Papenberg Goran , Winkler Elisabeth , Welmer Anna-Karin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The beneficial effects of a physically active lifestyle in aging are well documented. Understanding the factors of importance for physical activity in older adults are therefore essential. Informed by animal and human data linking the dopamine system to motivation and reward processes, we investigated the associations between variations in dopamine genes and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Further, we aimed to verify whether higher age may exacerbate the impact of dopamine genes on physical activity.

Methods
We analyzed data from 504 older adults, 66–87 years, from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Physical activity was measured with activPAL accelerometers and DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotyping. We assessed the effects of three dopamine relevant genetic variations (DRD1, DRD2, and DRD3) on daily time in sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity using analyses of covariance, adjusting for sex, age and physical function.

Results
Higher dopamine receptor efficacy was related to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, but not to light-intensity physical activity or sedentary time. DRD1 explained 2.7% of variance in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with more pronounced effect in people aged ≥80 years, about 10% of explained variance.

Conclusion
Stronger genetic effects in older adults are in line with the well-established nonlinear effects of dopamine signaling on performance, expected to be exacerbated with aging. Individuals over 80 years, genetically predisposed to lower dopamine receptor efficacy, engaged on average 100 min/week in moderate-to-high physical activity, below the recommended levels beneficial for healthy aging. Our findings highlight that some individuals might need extra support to maintain a physically active lifestyle.