bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of 2D:4D ratio for the early diagnosis of caries and malocclusion in 7-15-year-old children
Authors: Issrani Rakhi , Aljohani Fahad , Prabhu Namdeo , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: December 2020

Background: The ratio between 2nd and 4th digit length is termed as hormonal fingerprintand is used as an indirect marker in many medical diseases.Dental studies pertaining to theimportance of hormonal fingerprint on oral health are very sparse.
Aim and objectives: Tostudy the correlation of dental caries and malocclusion with hormonal fingerprints.
Materialsand Methods: A total of 100 children of age group 7-15 years and both genders were randomlyselected and included in the present study. The hormonal fingerprint (2D:4D ratio) wasdone bymeasuring the length ratio of the index and ring finger with the help of digital vernier caliper.Caries assessment wascarried out using standard mouth mirrors and Community PeriodontalIndex probes. WHO assessment form (1997) was followed for assessment of dentitionstatus and treatment need.Occlusal characteristics evaluated were molar relation, anteriorand posterior crossbite, open bite, deep bite and lower anterior crowding. The subjects weredivided into high 2D:4D, equal 2D:4D digit ratio and low 2D:4D. All the measurements weredone by two investigators. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed usingChi-square and ANOVA test.
Results: Out of 100 children, 34% were males and 66% werefemales. Most of the participants were 7-8 years old (12 males and 15 females). Majority of theparticipants (87% for the right hand and 80% for left hand) had low 2D:4D ratio, only 6% forright and 11% for the left hand had high 2D:4D ratio and the remaining had equal 2D:4D ratio.Statistically insignificantcorrelation between 2D:4D ratio and deft/DMFT score and occlusalstatus of an individualwere found.
Conclusion:The insignificant results of 2D:4D ratio with allthe parameters assessed validates that hormonal fingerprints could not be employed as an earlypredictor of caries and malocclusion in an individual.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.154-158
Ectopic carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma in the lower neck: a rare entity at a rare location
Authors: Ramasamy Kuganathan , Lahuri Yatiee Swany , Gani Norhaslinda Abdul , Shamsudin Noor Hasni 
Published: December 2020

Ectopic salivary gland tissue (ESGT) is salivary tissue located outside the major, minorand accessory salivary glands. Neoplasms rarely arise from ESGT, let alone carcinoma expleomorphicadenoma (CEPA) which is a malignant tumour that arises from the epithelialcomponent of pleomorphic adenoma. It usually occurs in the parotid gland and in lesserinstances, from submandibular gland or minor salivary glands. Herein, we report a rare caseof CEPA in right supraclavicular ESGT of a 67-year-old lady.She underwent complete surgicalexcision of the mass and is free from any recurrence to date. Brief review of pathogenesis,clinical features and treatment of ectopic CEPA are discussed. A thorough review of the Englishliterature reveals that our patient may be the second case of ectopic CEPA in the neck regionever reported to date.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.190-193
Atypical lipomatous tumor with osteoid metaplasia – a rare occurrence
Authors: Manjula Jain , Shivali Sehgal , Pathania OP 
Published: December 2020

The presence of metaplastic ossification within a atypical lipomatous tumour /well differentiated Liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS) is a rare occurrence. We report a case ALT/WDLPS with unusual extensive metaplastic bone formation in a 30 years female who complained of swelling in the right shoulder for the past one and a half years.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.197-199
Insulinoma of Pancreatic Head Localized by Intra-Arterial Calcium Stimulation with Hepatic Venous Sampling
Authors: Wong Siong Hu , Omar Julia , Yusof Noor Azlin Azraini Che Soh 
Published: December 2020

Hypoglycemia is a common medical emergency. Insulinoma, a rare pancreatic endocrine tumour is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in patients without systemic illness. Most insulinomas are small, solitary and benign, which can be treated effectively by surgical removal of the tumour. Diagnosis is based on clinical features, laboratory tests and radiological investigation to localize the tumour. However, small size of this tumour leads to difficulty in localization of the disease, especially in occult insulinoma. Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling can be utilised for preoperative localization of the tumour. We hereby present a case of a 33-year-old woman presenting with history of recurrent hypoglycemic symptoms and morbid obesity. A thorough history, clinical examination and laboratory investigation including prolonged fasting test were conducted and diagnosis of insulinoma was made. Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with hepatic venous sampling was carried out and revealed localization of insulinoma at pancreatic head.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(1) 2021 p.216-219
Time controlled automatic fish feeder for indoor aquarium
Authors: Ali MA , Rahman MM , Hasan MN , Galib SM 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is about the design and implementation of an automatic feeder to feed fishes in the aquarium when their owners leave home for a prolonged time or forget to feed timely due to their busyness. The mechanical drawing of the feeder is prepared in Auto Desk Fusion 360 software which is followed by the fabrication in a 3-D printer. For automatic feeding, an Arduino microcontroller board has been integrated with the designed mechanical system to control the opening and closing of the food chamber door with the help of a servo motor. An easy digital LCD programming system allows the user to set the time interval between two successive food deliveries and the number of servo rotation at each delivery to supply their desired amount of food. The performance of this portable and the low-cost feeder has been tested which has shown the reliability to dispense the accurate amount of food.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(4), 289-300, 2020
Dendritic integration theory: A thalamo-cortical theory of state and content of consciousness
Authors: Bachmann Talis , Suzuki Mototaka , Aru Jaan 
Published: December 2020

The idea that the thalamo-cortical system is the crucial constituent of the neurobiological mechanisms of consciousness has a long history. For the last few decades, however, consciousness research has to a large extent overlooked the interplay between the cortex and thalamus. Here we revive an integrated view of the neurobiology of consciousness by presenting and discussing several recent major findings about the role of the thalamocortical interactions in consciousness. Based on these findings we propose a specific cellular mechanism how thalamic nuclei modulate the integration of different processing streams within single cortical pyramidal neurons. This theory is inspired by recent work done in rodents, but it integrates decades of work conducted on various species. We illustrate how this new view readily explains various properties and experimental phenomena associated with conscious experience. We discuss the implications of this idea and some of the experiments that need to be done in order to test it. Our view bridges two long-standing perspectives on the neural mechanisms of consciousness and proposes that cortical and thalamo-cortical processing interact at the level of single pyramidal cells.
Termite Fauna of Gunung Telapak Buruk, Berembun Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: ARUMUGAM NIVAARANI , Appalasamy Suganthi , Mohamed Hassim Alia Diyana 
Published: December 2020

Termites have great importance in a tropical terrestrial ecosystem, especially in the decomposition process, mediate ecosystem processes and facilitate in improving the structure and quality of the soil. Termite survey was conducted at Gunung Telapak Buruk, Berembun Forest Reserve, Negeri Sembilan, during a scientific expedition from 30th March to 1st April 2019. This study aims to provide the first checklist of termite fauna in Gunung Telapak Buruk. Termites were collected using the casual collection method at selected trails around Gunung Telapak Buruk. A total of 21 termite species were recorded in this study. The termite assemblage comprises two families, namely Rhinotermitidae and Termitidae. Family Termitidae dominated the termite assemblage with 90.5% (19 species). The collected termite species in this study comprises 12% of recorded termite species of Peninsular Malaysia by Tho in 1992. The genus Odontotermes from the family Termitidae dominated the assemblage with five species. Four types of feeding groups were identified in this study. The wood feeders recorded highest number species with 66.7%, followed by soil feeders (14.3%), epiphyte feeder (9.52%), and wood-litter feeders (9.52%). All the recorded species are new record for this forest reserve as no previous record was available for this area.
Keywords: Diversity, forest, highland, mountain, termite fauna
The Control of Panicle Blight Bacterial Pathogen on Rice Seeds Through In Vitro Treatments
Authors: Safni Irda , Utari Uci , Tobing Maryani Cyccu , Lisnawita Lisnawita 
Published: December 2020

Burkholderia glumae is a seed-borne pathogen of rice known to cause bacterial panicle blight disease. The lack of effective control methods makes seed treatment the alternative management approach. The aim of this research was to determine an effective seed treatments technique, using liquid smoke, clove oil, hot water and copper hydroxide fungicide treatment against bacteria B. glumae. The experiment used a complete randomized design with five treatments and three replications, including control, liquid smoke, clove oil, hot water, and copper hydroxide fungicide. The results showed the propensity for all treatments to reduce bacterial populations on rice seeds, while liquid smoke, clove oil, and fungicide did not reduce vigour and viability. Application of copper hydroxide fungicide 77% at concentration of 5% was recommended as the best treatment to control the bacterial pathogen.
Keywords: Burkholderia glumae, clove oil, copper hydroxide fungicide, hot water, liquid smoke, rice
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK ALUMINA (AL203) PADA RESIN POLYESTER BTQN 157 TERHADAP KEKUATAN IMPACT KOMPOSIT SERAT KULIT POHON WARU (HIBISCUS TILIACEUS)
Authors: Hermawan Viky Hermawan , R.Ismail Nova , Farid Akhmad , Fadhillah Arief Rizki 
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan serat alam sebagai reinforcement pada material komposit semakin diminati pada satu dasawarsa terakhir ini. Hal ini disebabkan karena serat alam lebih ramah lingkungan ,memiliki densitas yang rendah, kompatibel dengan alam, dan harganya yang relatif murah. Salah satu penggunaan serat alam pada material komposit adalah serat kulit pohon waru (hibiscus tiliaceus). Kekuatan komposit serat kulit pohon waru (hibiscus tiliaceus) tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh reinforcement dan komposisi antara serat-resin, akan tetapi juga dipengaruhi oleh jenis resin sintetis yang digunakan.Serbuk Alumina (Al2O3) adalah salah satu contoh material filler yang sering digunakan pada material komposit.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serbuk alumina (Al2O3) terhadap energi impact yang diserap ,harga impact dan patahan komposit kulit pohon waru. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental.Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menginginkan pemanfaatan serat kulit pohon waru sebagai bahan alternatif penguat komposit. Dari hasil pengujian impact didapatkan energi yang diserap komposit serat kulit pohon waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) variasi penambahan serbuk alumina metode vacumm infusion resin tertinggi pada variasi penambahan serbuk alumina 5 gram yaitu sebesar 10240,44 Joule. Dari hasil pengujian impact didapatkan harga impact komposit serat kulit pohon waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) variasi penambahan serbuk alumina metode vacumm infusion resin tertinggi pada variasi penambahan serbuk alumina 10 gram yaitu sebesar 90,98 Joule/mm2. Pola Patahan pada komposit uji impact dari variasi penambahan sebuk alumina metode vacumm infusion resin menunjukan mekanisme fiber pull out pada variasi 7,5 gram dan delaminasi pada variasi 5 dan 10 gram
As ficções migrantes de Bruce Chatwin, Bernardo Carvalho, Edmund White e David Leavitt
Authors: Silva de Oliveira Paulo Cesar 
Published: December 2020

O artigo investiga a produção de quatro escritores contemporâneos, Bernardo Carvalho, Bruce Chatwin, Edmund White e David Leavitt. Abrigamos sua produção nas rubricas de ficções migrantes e ficções de tribo. As ficções migrantes dizem respeito a obras cujos autores se colocam na condição de migrantes, seja pelo autoexílio ou por outras condições que os levam à diáspora. Já o conceito de tribo é apropriado de Dominique Maingueneau (2001) e trata de grupos de escritores reunidos por afinidades temáticas, teóricas e/ou reflexivas. O trabalho tem como objetivo central teorizar a questão das afinidades eletivas que permeiam as obras dos quatro autores escolhidos, com vistas a uma discussão crítica acerca do da reflexão literária e do discurso ficcional em torno do problema do deslocamento, da mobilidade e da clausura, o que requer pensar a importância das fronteiras, sejam elas geográficas ou textuais, como espaços para a criação de textos narrativos híbridos, fruto das tensões provocadas pelos deslocamentos de seus autores em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado e em movimento.
Problemas e desafios na tradução das línguas indígenas: os casos das línguas Toba e Maká da região de Gran Chaco (Argentina e Paraguai)
Authors: Figueiredo Moura da Silva Maria Cândida , Arcego Emily 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho trata dos problemas de tradução entendidos como uma atividade translinguística e intercultural que envolve a tomada de decisões não apenas no nível linguístico (estrutural), mas também no nível comunicativo e performativo da linguagem. Com o propósito de abordar esses dois níveis, o primeiro diz respeito a duas categorias gramaticais das línguas Toba e Maká: os marcadores de possessão alienável e a evidência. Uma vez que são categorias não referenciais e pragmáticas, seus significados culturais podem ser perdidos no processo de tradução. No segundo nível, selecionamos duas características da arte verbal de Toba e Maká que mostram que o discurso oral indígena tem sua própria estrutura e organização, mesmo quando pode parecer errôneo ou arriscado/aleatório. Essas características são a estrutura prosódica da língua Toba e a repetição dos conectores discursivos na narrativa de Toba e Maká. Além disso, o interesse teórico deste trabalho é refletir sobre o modelo de linguagem subjacente à descrição e à tradução linguística. Nossa análise baseia-se em um corpus de dados coletados diretamente durante os trabalhos de campo nas comunidades de Toba e Maká na região de Gran Chaco.
A Cadaveric Morphometric Study of Lumbar Vertebrae in Zimbabwean Adult Males
Authors: Khan Maimoona 
Published: December 2020

Background: The occurrence of vertebral fractures and spinal cord injuries in developing countries in Africa is high with an annual incidence rate of 12.1 to 57.8 per million; 82.8% of these occurring in males and the most common causes being vehicle crushes (41.4%) and falls (34.9%)1. Treatment of vertebral fractures is aimed at stabilising a segment and then restoring its mobility thereby preventing nerve damage2. Violation of the pedicle walls during transpedicular screw fixation may occur if the screw diameter is too large or there is wrong placement3. Prevalence of pedicle wall violation using the “free hand” technique was reported to be 1.4%4.
Objective: To document the dimensions of the pedicles of lumbar vertebrae in the Zimbabwean population.
Study design: A descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in the Gross Anatomy Laboratory of the Department of Anatomy, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare. The duration of study was 6 months (from June 2019 to December 2019).
Material and Methods: A total of 15 adult male cadaveric specimens were taken from the Department of Anatomy at University of Zimbabwe. The lumbar vertebrae were dissected and their Pedicle Transverse Diameter (PTD), Pedicle Vertical Diameter (PVD) and the chord length were measured using a vernier calliper. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS version 20.
Results: There was no significant difference between the pedicle dimensions of the right and left sides (P > 0.05). PTD steadily increases from vertebral level L1 to L4 followed by an abrupt increase at L5. PVD gradually decreases from L1 to L5 level. The chord length increases from a minimum at L1 to reach a maximum at L3 and then again decreases to L5 level.
Conclusion: Pedicle dimensions for the Zimbabwean population differ from those reported in previous studies for other population groups.
Key words: Chord length, Lumbar vertebrae, Pedicle dimensions.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KESEHATAN PT. PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IV TAHUN 2016-2018
Authors: Marthika Laula Dwi 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV pada Tahun 2016 sampai 2018. Penilaian tingkat Kesehatan Perusahaan berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri BUMN Nomor: KEP-100/MBU/2002. Berdasarkan surat keputusan tersebut tingkat kesehatan dilihat dari tiga aspek, yaitu: aspek keuangan, aspek operasional dan aspek administratifMetode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif untuk mengetahui tingkat kesehatan keuangan berdasarkan 3 aspek, yaitu aspek keuangan. aspek operasional dan aspek administratif.Secara keseluruhan tingkat kesehatan PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV berada pada predikat sehat dengan katagori “A”. Namun jika melihat ketiga aspeknya dari tahun 2016-2018, aspek keuangan dan operasional mengalami penurunan sedangakan aspek adeministratif konstan. Pada aspek keaungan Rasio Keuangan ROE, ROI, Rasio Kas dan perputaran total aset yang mengalami penurunan dari total 8 rasio keuangan yang dihitung. Aspek Operasional Tahun 2018 mengalami penuruan dari tahun 2017 ke tahun 2018. Produktivitas Hasil kebun dan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja pada Kebun Teh mengalami penurunan. Dari nilai 80 menjadi 50 pada produktivitas hasil kebun teh (Daun Teh Basah) dan dari 100 menjadi 50 pada produktivitas tenaga kerja kebun teh (Ton/Orang).Kata Kunci: Tingkat Kesehatan. Keuangan, Operasional, Administrasi
KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL AGROINDUSTRI TERASI DI DESA AMBUNTEN TIMUR KECAMATAN AMBUNTEN KABUPATEN SUMENEP
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , Hermanto Bambang , Kurdi Moh. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAKPotensi perikanan yang dimiliki Kabupaten Sumenep sangatlah besar dan menjanjikan. Hal ini kemudian di Desa Ambunten Timur Kecamatan Ambunten sebagian masyarakat memanfaatkan potensi perikanan tersebut sebagai produk, diantaranya petis, ikan asin, ikan asap dan terutama terasi. Usaha terasi yang ada di Desa Ambunten Timur belum pernah dilakukan analisis, sehingga perlu adanya penelitian ini dilakukan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kelayakan dan analisis finansial. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: biaya produksi sebesar (TC) Rp. 37.771.568,- pendapatan agroindustri terasi (π) sebesar Rp. 18.489.543,- dan efisiensi (R/C Ratio) agroindustri terasi sebesar Rp. 1.49,-. Dari ketiga kriteria.Kata kunci:Finansial; Efisiensi; Agroindustri; Terasi ABSTRACTThe fishery potential of Sumenep Regency is huge and promising. In this case, in Ambunten Timur Village, Ambunten Subdistrict, some people use the fishery potential as a product, including petis, salted fish, smoked fish and especially shrimp paste. The shrimp paste business in Ambunten Timur Village has never been analyzed, so this research needs to be done. The method in this study uses a feasibility analysis and financial analysis. The results of this study are: production costs of (TC) Rp. 37,771,568, - shrimp paste agro-industry income (π) of Rp. 18,489,543, - and the efficiency (R / C Ratio) of the shrimp paste agro-industry of Rp. 1.49, -. Of the three criteria.Keywords: Financial; Efficiency; Agro industry; Shrimp paste
ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA TERNAK LEBAH MADU (TRIGONA SP)DI DESA SUKADANA KECAMATAN BAYAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA
Authors: Fitriyah Abyadul , Mujiburrahman Imam , Mariani Yuni , Isyaturriyadhah Isyaturriyadhah 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengetahui besarnya biaya dalam menjalankan usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara, dan (2) Mengetahui besarnya pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa SukadanaKecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan teknik survey.Sampel dalam penelitian initiga puluh (30) orang respondenyang diambilsecarasimple random sampling dan pemilihan daerah penelitian dilakukan secara purposive. Untuk mengetahui besarnya biaya usaha ternak lebah madu di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara dilakukan dengan analisis biaya produksi, untuk mengetahui pendapatan usahaternak lebah madu dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus analisis pendapatan dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha ternaklebah madu dianalisisdengan menggunakan rumus B/C Rasio.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1).Besarnya biaya dalam menjalankan usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utaraadalah Rp 2.673.308. (2). Pendapatan yang di peroleh dari usaha ternak lebah madu dalam satu tahun sebesarRp. 4.685.000,-. (3). Usaha ternak lebah madu (Trigona sp) di Desa Sukadana Kecamatan Bayan Kabupaten Lombok Utara secara ekonomi layak untuk diusahakan dan dikembangkan karenadiperoleh nilai B/C rasio sebesar 1,75. Kata kunci: Lebah madu; Biaya;Pendapatan; B/C rasio ABSTRACTThis study aims to: (1) Determine the running costof honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara, and (2) Determine income and feasibility of honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara.The method used in this study is descriptive analysis by survey. The total samples are thirty (30) respondents were taken in simple random sampling and selection of research location conducted by purposive.To find out the running cost of honey bee farming in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara is carried out by analysis of production costs,to find out the business income of honey bee farming was analyzed using an income analysis formula and to find out of the feasibility of honey bee farming was analyzed using the formula B/C Ratio.The results showed that: (1).The running cost of honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara is Rp 2.673.308. (2).The annual income from honey bee farming (Trigona sp) is Rp. 4.685.000, (3).Honey bee farming (Trigona sp) in Sukadana of Bayan of Lombok Utara feasible to be cultivated and developed becauseBenefit Cost Ratio (B/C) was obtained 1.75. Keywords: Honey Bee;Cos;Incom;, B/C ratio
El movimiento del proletariado del sector azúcarero en Cuba en la primera mitad de los años treinta
Authors: Kula Marcin 
Published: December 2020

The Cuban Labor movement has origins in a workers' union called Confederación Nacional Obrera de Cuba (CNOC). The union was founded in 1925 under communist leadership. The organization's goal was to unionize 200 thousand Cuban workers. Of great importance was the fact that organization was aimed at rural populations rather than urban workers. Poor farmers and agricultural/migratory workers were in great need of emancipation and deprived of socioeconomic rights. Especially the workers of the sugar industry were eager to participate in the movement. Thanks to them, the organization saw rapid development in the early 30's. The sugar industry workers were very important in shaping the movement. Despite involvement in agriculture they had a lot in common with urban workers which greatly contributed to the development of the CNOC.
English abstract/description written by Michał Gilewski