bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Clinical History, Sociodemographic, Behavioural Factors and Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Hypertensive in Awka, Nigeria
Authors: Mmaju Chidinma Ifeyinwa , Okonudo Peter Osezele , Ahaneku Gladys , Uchenna Ufoaroh Chinyelu 
Published: December 2019

Background: Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and research studies done in Nigeria observed prevalence rate of hypertension to range from 26.4% to 36.9%.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral and cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension in Awka, South East, Nigeria.
Methods: Cross-sectional study was used.391 participants aged from 18 years above were recruited for this study. Structured questionnaires were constructed in line with World Health Organization Step approach was utilized for data collection. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and Diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Chi-square and independent sample T test were used to test comparison between two groups.
Results: The mean age of the subjects was 45.87±17. 49.33.7% of retired subjects has the highest prevalence was statistically associated with hypertension in occupational status of the subjects, marital status was statically significant with hypertension and prevalence of hypertension among the subjects were 81.1%, 8.5%, 8.6% for married, single and divorcee respectively, (P<0.001) and also no association was observed between hypertension and subjects that occasionally use high salt often(x2=0.341, P>0.001).
Conclusion: The study showed that age, family history of hypertension, consistent increase in blood pressure, occupational and marital status are associated risk factors of hypertension in Awka, South East, Nigeria. There is need to create awareness on the risk factors and encourage changes in sedentary life style.
Risk factors for development of lower limb osteoarthritis in physically demanding occupations: A narrative umbrella review
Authors: Schram Ben , Orr Robin , Pope Rodney , Canetti Elisa , Knapik Joseph 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disorder which affects the joints. As relationships between occupational factors and lower limb OA have been widely studied in systematic reviews, the aim of this umbrella review was to synthesize their key findings in the risk factors for development of lower limb OA.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted using the databases PUBMED, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Elton B Stevens Company to identify reviews examining associations between lower limb OA and occupational tasks. These reviews were rated for their methodological quality before key data were extracted and synthesized.

Results
Sixteen reviews were found, seven pertained to the knee, four to the hip, two to a variety of joints, and three to both the hip and knee. One was deemed to be of high methodological quality, one of critically low methodological quality, and the others of moderate methodological quality. The reviews found moderate to good evidence for heavy occupational lifting to be associated with an increased risk of OA at the knee and the hip. Kneeling, squatting, and climbing, previous injuries to joints, being overweight and obese were also predictive of lower limb OA.

Conclusion
Occupations which involve heavy physical workloads increase the risk of developing lower limb OA. Heavy lifting, squatting, knee bending, kneeling, and climbing may all increase the risk of developing OA in both the knees and hips. Efforts to reduce exposure to these tasks, reducing joint injuries, optimizing bodyweight may reduce the risks of lower limb OA for occupations which are physically demanding.
Pallidal versus subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for levodopa‐induced dyskinesia
Authors: Fan Shi‐Ying , Wang Kai‐Liang , Hu Wei , Eisinger Robert S. , Han Alexander , Han Chun‐Lei , Wang Qiao , Michitomo Shimabukuro , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Wang Feng , Ramirez‐Zamora Adolfo , Meng Fan‐Gang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on reducing levodopa‐induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson’s disease, and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed clinical outcomes in 43 patients with preoperative LID who underwent DBS targeting the STN (20/43) or GPi (23/43). The primary clinical outcome was the change from baseline in the Unified Dyskinesia Rating Scale (UDysRS) and secondary outcomes included changes in the total daily levodopa equivalent dose, the drug‐off Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part Ⅲ at the last follow‐up (median, 18 months), adverse effects, and programming settings. Correlation analysis was used to find potential associated factors that could be used to predict the efficacy of DBS for dyskinesia management.ResultsCompared to baseline, both the STN group and the GPi group showed significant improvement in LID with 60.73 ± 40.29% (mean ± standard deviation) and 93.78 ± 14.15% improvement, respectively, according to the UDysRS score. Furthermore, GPi‐DBS provided greater clinical benefit in the improvement of dyskinesia (P < 0.05) compared to the STN. Compared to the GPi group, the levodopa equivalent dose reduction was greater in the STN group at the last follow‐up (43.81% vs. 13.29%, P < 0.05). For the correlation analysis, the improvement in the UDysRS outcomes were significantly associated with a reduction in levodopa equivalent dose in the STN group (r = 0.543, P = 0.013), but not in the GPi group (r = −0.056, P = 0.801).InterpretationBoth STN and GPi‐DBS have a beneficial effect on LID but GPi‐DBS provided greater anti‐dyskinetic effects. Dyskinesia suppression for STN‐DBS may depend on the reduction of levodopa equivalent dose. Unlike the STN, GPi‐DBS might exert a direct and independent anti‐dyskinesia effect.
Ligand Free Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethylacrylic Acids and Related Acrylates by Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Xiao Pan , Pannecoucke Xavier , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAryl iodides and 2‐(trifluoromethyl)acrylic acid reacted together in ligand‐free Mizoroki‐Heck reaction furnishing a quick and efficient access to highly valuable α‐trifluoromethylacrylic acids. The useful transformation was independent with regard to the electronic nature of the aryl group substituent. A three‐component one‐pot version was also developed to give diverse substituted acrylates. The versatility of α‐trifluoromethylacrylic acids was demonstrated by quick access to 3‐CF3‐coumarins as well as fluorinated analogues of therapeutic or cosmetic agents. Finally, we proposed a catalytic cycle based on the silver carboxylate salt, identified as a key intermediate in the reaction.magnified image
Inhibitory effects of three chemical dust suppressants on nitrocellulose dust cloud explosion
Authors: Tsai Yun‐Ting , Yang Yi , Huang Hao‐Chun , Shu Chi‐Min 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree types of self‐prepared chemical dust suppressants (CDSs) were investigated for their inhibitory effects on nitrocellulose (NC) cloud dust explosion. The results revealed that NC is extremely sensitive to electric sparks and has a high explosion intensity. CaCl2‐CDS effectively increased the particle size to control fly dust substantially inhibiting dust cloud explosions. However, both Na2SO4‐CDS and MgCl2‐CDS exhibited poor abilities and even promoted explosion. Therefore, neither Na2SO4‐CDS nor MgCl2‐CDS is recommended as a CDS for NC. Inappropriately using CDSs may engender severe explosions. Furthermore, a mechanism underlying NC dust cloud combustion and explosion was proposed. NC has three stages of heat release: autoxidation, thermal decomposition, and combustion. Thermal decomposition, combustion, and explosion were triggered depending on the energy provided from autoxidation. CaCl2‐CDS inhibited only combustion. This study reveals the mechanism underlying NC dust cloud explosions and provides useful information for the development of more optimized CDSs.
Economic implications of localization strategies for cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Authors: Pool Christopher D. , Patel Vijay A. , Schilling Amber , Hollenbeak Christopher , Goyal Neerav 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe direct costs associated with different diagnostic algorithms to localize cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea have not been described.MethodsA decision‐tree analysis of imaging modalities used to localize CSF rhinorrhea was performed to compare associated direct costs. The primary outcome was cost, which was determined based on reimbursement data published by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2018. The model was parameterized after a literature review of published studies was performed from 1990 to 2018 to estimate the sensitivity CSF rhinorrhea localization of the following radiographic modalities: high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT), magnetic resonance cisternography (MRC), and CT cisternography (CTC). In addition to base case analysis, 1‐way sensitivity analyses were also performed to evaluate the robustness of results to changes in model parameters.ResultsAmong patients with a high suspicion for CSF rhinorrhea, use of HRCT followed by exploration in the operating room if preliminary HRCT was negative was found to be the optimal localization modality from a cost perspective ($172.25). The next least costly algorithm was HRCT followed by MRC ($294.10). Imaging algorithms beginning with CTC were the next least costly modality ($727.37). Sensitivity analyses generally supported HRCT to be the optimal initial radiographic strategy over a wide range of parameter values.ConclusionThis work advocates HRCT as first‐line modality to localize CSF rhinorrhea from a cost perspective. Although algorithms beginning with MRC were on average $35 more expensive than those starting with CTC, associated risks of CTC were not modeled and may play a role in decision making.
Doped Lead Halide White Phosphors for Very High Efficiency and Ultra‐High Color Rendering
Authors: Yuan Hailong , Massuyeau Florian , Gautier Nicolas , Kama Antoine Blaise , Faulques Eric , Chen Fei , Shen Qiang , Zhang Lianmeng , Paris Michael , Gautier Romain 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNear‐UV‐pumped white‐light‐emitting diodes with ultra‐high color rendering and decreased blue‐light emission is highly desirable. However, discovering a single‐phase white light emitter with such characteristics remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that Mn doping as low as 0.027 % in the hybrid post‐perovskite type (TDMP)PbBr4 (TDMP=trans‐2,5‐dimethylpiperaziniium) enables to achieve a bright pure white emission replicating the spectrum of the sun's rays. Thus, a white phosphor exhibiting an emission with CIE coordinates (0.330, 0.365), a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 60 % (new record for white light emission of hybrid lead halides), and an ultra‐high color rendering index (CRI=96, R9=91.8), corresponding to the record value for a single phase emitter was obtained. The investigation of the photoluminescence properties revealed how free excitons, self‐trapped excitons, and low amount of Mn dopants are coupled to give rise to such pure white emission.
Nickel‐katalysierte inter‐ und intramolekulare Arylthioether‐Metathese durch reversible Arylierung
Authors: Delcaillau Tristan , Bismuto Alessandro , Lian Zhong , Morandi Bill 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFür die Synthese von hochwertigen Thioethern wurde eine Nickel‐katalysierte Arylthioether‐Metathese entwickelt. 1,2‐Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethan (dcype) ist essentiell, um diese Reaktion mit breiter Kompatibilität funktioneller Gruppen zu ermöglichen. Weiterhin konnten synthetisch anspruchsvolle Makrocyclen in guter Ausbeute in einem seltenen Beispiel für eine Ringschlussmetathese ohne Doppelbindungen erhalten werden. Umfassende metallorganische Untersuchungen belegen einen reversiblen Ni0‐NiII‐Pfad zur Produktbildung. Insgesamt wird in dieser Arbeit nicht nur eine nachhaltigere Alternative zu früheren katalytischen Systemen auf Pd‐Basis beschrieben, sondern es werden auch neue Anwendungen und mechanistische Informationen aufgezeigt, die für die weitere Entwicklung und Anwendung ungewöhnlicher Metathesereaktionen von Einfachbindungen von hoher Relevanz sind.
A Stable Calcium Alumanyl
Authors: Schwamm Ryan J. , Coles Martyn P. , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , McMullin Claire L. , Rajabi Nasir A. , Wilson Andrew S. S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA seven‐memberedN,N′‐heterocyclic potassium alumanyl nucleophile is introduced and utilised in the metathetical synthesis of Mg−Al and Ca−Al bonded derivatives. Both species have been characterised by experimental and theoretical means, allowing a rationalisation of the greater reactivity of the heavier group 2 species implied by an initial assay of their reactivity.
Two‐Dimensional Tin Selenide (SnSe) Nanosheets Capable of Mimicking Key Dehydrogenases in Cellular Metabolism
Authors: Gao Meng , Wang Zhenzhen , Zheng Huizhen , Wang Li , Xu Shujuan , Liu Xi , Li Wei , Pan Yanxia , Wang Weili , Cai Xiaoming , Wu Ren'an , Gao Xingfa , Li Ruibin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhile dehydrogenases play crucial roles in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle of cell metabolism, which are extensively explored for biomedical and chemical engineering uses, it is a big challenge to overcome the shortcomings (low stability and high costs) of recombinant dehydrogenases. Herein, it is shown that two‐dimensional (2D) SnSe is capable of mimicking native dehydrogenases to efficiently catalyze hydrogen transfer from 1‐(R)‐2‐(R′)‐ethanol groups. In contrary to susceptible native dehydrogenases, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) for instance, SnSe is extremely tolerant to reaction condition changes (pH, temperature, and organic solvents) and displays extraordinary reusable capability. Structure–activity analysis indicates that the single‐atom structure, Sn vacancy, and hydrogen binding affinity of SnSe may be responsible for their catalytic activity. Overall, this is the first report of a 2D SnSe nanozyme to mimic key dehydrogenases in cell metabolism.
Controllable Si−C Bond Activation Enables Stereocontrol in the Palladium‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Cyclopropenes with Benzosilacyclobutanes
Authors: Wang Xing‐Ben , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xie Jia‐Le , Gu Xing‐Wei , Mu Qiu‐Chao , Yin Guan‐Wu , Ye Fei , Xu Zheng , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel and unusual palladium‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation of cyclopropenes with benzosilacyclobutanes is reported. This reaction occurred through chemoselective Si−C(sp2) bond activation in synergy with ring expansion/insertion of cyclopropenes to form new C(sp2)−C(sp3) and Si−C(sp3) bonds. An array of previously elusive bicyclic skeleton with high strain, silabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes, were formed in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity under mild conditions. An asymmetric version of the reaction with a chiral phosphoramidite ligand furnished a variety of chiral bicyclic silaheterocycle derivatives with good enantioselectivity (up to 95.5:4.5 er). Owing to the mild reaction conditions, the good stereoselectivity profile, and the ready availability of the functionalized precursors, this process constitutes a useful and straightforward strategy for the synthesis of densely functionalized silacycles.
Urine Metabolic Fingerprints Encode Subtypes of Kidney Diseases
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Ran , Huang Lin , Zhang Mengji , Niu Jingyang , Bao Chunde , Shen Nan , Dai Min , Guo Qiang , Wang Qian , Wang Qin , Fu Qiong , Qian Kun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMetabolic fingerprints of biofluids encode diverse diseases and particularly urine detection offers complete non‐invasiveness for diagnostics of the future. Present urine detection affords unsatisfactory performance and requires advanced materials to extract molecular information, due to the limited biomarkers and high sample complexity. Herein, we report plasmonic polymer@Ag for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) and sparse‐learning‐based metabolic diagnosis of kidney diseases. Using only 1 μL of urine without enrichment or purification, polymer@Ag afforded urine metabolic fingerprints (UMFs) by LDI‐MS in seconds. Analysis by sparse learning discriminated lupus nephritis from various other non‐lupus nephropathies and controls. We combined UMFs with urine protein levels (UPLs) and constructed a new diagnostic model to characterize subtypes of kidney diseases. Our work guides urine‐based diagnosis and leads to new personalized analytical tools for other diseases.
Mechanical Distension Induces Serotonin Release from Intestine as Revealed by Stretchable Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ling , Chen Yan , Fan Wen‐Ting , Cao Pan , Yan Jing , Zhao Xing‐Zhong , Dong Wei‐Guo , Huang Wei‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe role of endogenous serotonin (5‐HT) in gastrointestinal motility is still highly controversial. Although electrochemical techniques allow for direct and real‐time recording of biomolecules, the dynamic monitoring of 5‐HT release from elastic and tubular intestine during motor reflexes remains a great challenge because of the specific peristalsis patterns and inevitable passivation of the sensing interface. A stretchable sensor with antifouling and decontamination properties was assembled from gold nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes. The sandwich‐like structure endowed the sensor with satisfying mechanical stability and electrochemical performance, high resistance against physical adsorption, and superior efficiency in the photodegradation of biofouling molecules. Insertion of the sensor into the lumen of rat ileum (the last section of the small intestine) successfully mimics intestinal peristalsis, and simultaneous real‐time monitoring of distension‐evoked 5‐HT release was possible for the first time. Our results unambiguously reveal that mechanical distension of the intestine induces endogenous 5‐HT overflow, and 5‐HT level is closely associated with the physiological or pathological states of the intestine.
FerriIridium: A Lysosome‐Targeting Iron(III)‐Activated Iridium(III) Prodrug for Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Kuang Shi , Liao Xinxing , Zhang Xianrui , Rees Thomas W. , Guan Ruilin , Xiong Kai , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReported is the FeIII‐activated lysosome‐targeting prodrug FerriIridium for gastric cancer theranostics. It contains a meta‐imino catechol group that can selectively bond to, and be oxidized by, free FeIII inside the cell. Subsequent oxidative rearrangement releases FeII and hydrolyses the amine bond under acidic conditions, forming an aminobipyridyl Ir complex and 2‐hydroxybenzoquinone. Thus, FeII catalyzes the Fenton reaction, transforming hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, the benzoquinone compounds interfere with the respiratory chain, and conversion of the prodrug into the Ir complex leads to an increase in phosphorescence and toxicity. These properties, combined with the high FeIII content and acidity of cancer cells, make FerriIridium a selective and efficient theranostic agent (IC50=9.22 μm for AGS cells vs. >200 μm for LO2 cells). FerriIridium is the first metal‐based compound that has been developed for chemotherapy using FeIII to enhance both selectivity and potency.
Einaxiale Zugversuche an textilbewehrten Betonen mit anorganisch getränkten Carbonfasern
Authors: Lenting Martin , Orlowsky Jeanette 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDer Verbundwerkstoff Textilbeton findet zunehmend Anwendung im Bauwesen. Insbesondere werden Carbontextilien mit unterschiedlichen Tränkungsmaterialien im Verbund mit Mörteln oder Betonen verwendet. Zulassungen im Einzelfall (ZiE) und erste Richtlinien zur Bemessung und Verwendung von Textilbetonen sind auf Basis zahlreicher Forschungs‐ und Praxisprojekte entstanden. Hinsichtlich der Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung der verwendeten Materialen besteht aber noch Entwicklungspotenzial. Bisher sind die meisten technischen Textilien mit Epoxidharz, Styrol‐Butadien oder Acrylaten beschichtet. Neben dem Eintrag einer zusätzlichen Polymerschicht in das Verbundsystem resultieren hieraus häufig Tragfähigkeitsverluste unter Temperaturbeanspruchungen oberhalb von 80 °C. Mit mineralischen Tränkungsmaterialien können die beiden genannten Aspekte vermieden werden, allerdings sind diese bisher kaum erforscht. Diese Veröffentlichung zeigt, dass mit anorganischen Tränkungen von Carbonrovings ein sehr feines Rissbild erzielt werden kann. Insbesondere im Instandsetzungsbereich, beispielsweise bei der Sanierung von Trinkwasserspeichern, wo sehr geringe Rissbreiten gefordert sind, ergeben sich interessante Anwendungsgebiete. Durch mineralische Tränkungen kann der Einsatz von Polymeren vermieden werden. Hinzu kommt, dass die untersuchten Materialeigenschaften unter Temperaturbeanspruchungen bis 160 °C konstant bleiben.
Diagnosis of Malaria Parasites Plasmodium spp. in Endemic Areas: Current Strategies for an Ancient Disease
Authors: Gitta Brian , Kilian Nicole 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFast and effective detection of the causative agent of malaria in humans, protozoan Plasmodium parasites, is of crucial importance for increasing the effectiveness of treatment and to control a devastating disease that affects millions of people living in endemic areas. The microscopic examination of Giemsa‐stained blood films still remains the gold‐standard in Plasmodium detection today. However, there is a high demand for alternative diagnostic methods that are simple, fast, highly sensitive, ideally do not rely on blood‐drawing and can potentially be conducted by the patients themselves. Here, the history of Plasmodium detection is discussed, and advantages and disadvantages of diagnostic methods that are currently being applied are assessed.
Effect of interval between preoperative radiotherapy and surgery on clinical outcome and radiation proctitis in rectal cancer from FOWARC trial
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Kan , Qin Qi‐Yuan , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Lan Ping , Wang Lei , Gao Xiang , Ma Teng‐Hui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the interval between CRT and surgery on radiation proctitis, the pathologic response, and postoperative morbidity.MethodsThis was a cohort study from a phase III, randomized controlled trial (FOWARC study, NCT01211210). Data were retrieved from the leading center of the trial. Patients were divided into the short‐interval (≤7 weeks) group and the long‐interval (>7 weeks) group. The rate of radiation proctitis, pathologic complete regression (pCR) and morbidities were calculated for each group. Multivariate analysis was used to verify the impact of interval on radiation proctitis.ResultsSurgery was performed in 60 patients after an interval of ≤7 weeks and in 97 patients after an interval of >7 weeks. The two groups according to interval were comparable in terms of baseline demographic and clinicotherapeutic characteristics. Radiation proctitis was identified by imaging in 9 (15.0%) patients in short‐interval group and in 31 (32.0%) patients in long‐interval group (P = .018). Multivariate analysis confirmed the correlation between long interval and radiation proctitis (P = .018). The long interval was significantly associated with longer median operation time compared to the short interval (P = .022). The rates of pCR and postoperative complications were not different between two groups.ConclusionsA longer interval after CRT may be associated with higher rate of radiation proctitis and longer operation time. Moreover it did not increase the rate of pCR.