bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Unsupervised Automated Extraction of Standard Cell Library for Reverse Engineering and Hardware Assurance
Authors: Wilson Ronald , Acharya Rabin Y. , Forte Domenic , Asadizanjani Navid , Woodard Damon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reverse engineering today is supported by several tools, such as ICWorks, that assist in the processing and extraction of logic elements from high definition layer by layer images of integrated circuits. To the best of our knowledge, they all work under the assumption that the standard cell library used in the design process of the integrated circuit is available. However, in situations where reverse engineering is done on commercial off-the-shelf components, this information is not available thereby, rendering the assumption invalid. Until now, this problem has not been addressed. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for the extraction of standard cell library using the contact layer from these images. The approach is completely automated and does not require any prior knowledge on the construction or layout of the target semiconductor integrated circuit. The performance of the approach is evaluated on two AES designs with 10,000 cells compiled from standard libraries with 32nm and 90nm node technologies having 350 and 340 standard cells respectively. We were able to successfully extract 94% and 60% of the standard cells from the 32nm and 90nm AES designs using the proposed approach. We also perform a case study using a realworld sample extracted from a smartcard. Finally, we also investigate the various challenges involved in the extraction of standard cells from images and the steps involved in resolving them.
Transistor Level Reliability Assessment of Gate Oxide Defects by BTI Stress Nanoprobing
Authors: Albert Dave , Song Zhigang , Tenney Mike , McGinnis Pat , Oarethu Johns 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents Electrical Failure Analysis (EFA) and Physical Failure Analysis (PFA) on a random time zero (t0) gate oxide defect within an IBM processor manufactured with a 14nm SOI (Silicon On Insulator) FinFET technology. The natures of the Functional Fail, the gate oxide defect, and the transistor characteristics are included.
The impact of this gate oxide defect to product yield and performance, plus the extent to which it extends across the product chip, which includes passing circuits, is covered. Since chips, which may contain this defect, could be present within the entire product lifecycle, the reliability aspects of the defect at the transistor level were investigated.
Among the various reliability stresses available for transistors, Constant Voltage Stress (CVS) Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) was chosen. CVS BTI stressing was able to be performed on both the NFETs and PFETs within the Inverter of the failing circuit, plus other identical reference circuits.
The BTI stress nanoprobing is covered. This includes an overview of BTI stressing, confirming the nanoprobing system and electrical stress/test programs are adequate for BTI stressing, BTI stress methodologies for Inverters, plus the BTI stress results.
The transistor level BTI stress results are discussed and compared to other published BTI literature. Finally, the reliability aspects of this gate oxide defect are discussed.
Scanning Capacitance Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Root Cause Analysis on Location Specific Individual FinFET Devices
Authors: Kaszuba Phil , Moszkowicz Leon , Wells Randy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In 1986 the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) was invented by Gerd Binnig, Christoph Gerber, and Calvin Quate [1]. Since then, numerous analytical techniques have been developed and implemented on the AFM platform, evolving into what is collectively called the Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). The SPM has since become well established as a mainstream analytical instrument with a continually increasing role in the development of nanoscale semiconductor technologies providing critical data from initial concept to technology development to manufacturing to failure analysis [2].
Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) has a longstanding, well-established track record for detecting dopant-related mechanisms that adversely affect device performance on planar (Field Effect Transistor) FETs as well as other structures (e.g., diodes, capacitors, resistors). The semiconductor industry’s transition to three dimensional FinFET devices has resulted in many challenges with regard to device analysis. This is especially true when it is necessary to perform detailed dopant analysis on a specific device; the device may be comprised of a single or multiple fins that have been called out specifically through traditional fault localization techniques. Scanning Capacitance Spectroscopy (SCS) is an analytical method, implemented on the SCM platform in which a series of DC bias conditions is applied to the sample and the carrier response is recorded using SCM [3]. SCS has a proven history of highlighting dopant related anomalies in semiconductor devices, which, in some instances, might not otherwise be “visible”. This paper describes successful application of SCM and SCS in showing, in full detail, a dopant-related failure mechanism on an individual, location-specific 14 nm FinFET.
The Potential of Inline Automated Defect Review of Mechanical Property and Electrical Characterization by AFM
Authors: Cho Sang-Joon , Kim Seong-Oh , Lee Moses , Lee Yoonkyoung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With decreasing device sizes, nanometer-sized defects on the wafer substrates can already limit the performance of the devices. The detection and precise classification of these defects requires additional characterization methods with a resolution in the nanometer range. It is well known that AFM can measure not only surface morphology but also mechanical and electrical properties. However, the versatility of AFM is not fully utilized in industrial applications due to the various limitations. Various limitations include low throughput and tip life in addition to the laborious efforts for finding the defects in inline automated defect review (ADR). In this paper we introduce the ADR AFM with mechanical and electrical characterization capability of defects in addition to high throughput, high resolution, and non-destructive means for obtaining 3D information for nm-scale defect review and classification.
Comunicación para la salud y pandemia. Modelos y analogías en la COVID-19 desde dos perspectivas en México
Authors: Ramírez Beltrán Rafael Tonatiuh 
Published: December 2020

El propósito es aproximarnos a la comunicación oficial y al de la sociedad civil en la pandemia de COVID-19 en México, situándolo como otro síntoma de crisis ambiental y sanitaria. Es relevante el trabajo al utilizar herramientas de comunicación ambiental y para la salud, dar seguimiento a investigaciones de comunicación para el desarrollo, la salud y el ambiente tratando de integrarlas interdisciplinariamente. Se recuperan elementos contextuales que posibilitan estudiar las pandemias y detenernos en la del 2020. Teóricamente se toman las generaciones de modelos de salud que contrastamos con las metáforas de la pandemia, la forma comunicativa de la información oficial durante 120 días y la recuperación de algunas narrativas que publicó la prensa nacional. El eje central es trabajar con diferentes núcleos de la comunicación como son: la gubernamental, la social, ambiental y de salud. Uno de los principales hallazgos es que la comunicación oficial de los meses iniciales, respaldada con algunas políticas públicas, contuvieron el crecimiento acelerado del contagio masivo, pero fueron insuficientes según el relato de la gente.
Place, enjeux et fonctions du sport dans les camps des prisonniers italiens de la Grande Guerre
Authors: Favero Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2020

Les officiers de l’armée italienne ont connu des conditions de vie particulièrement difficiles dans les camps de prisonniers en Autriche-Hongrie et en Allemagne. Contrairement aux autres nations alliées, ils ont été délaissés par le Haut Commandement et le gouvernement italien qui les a qualifiés de lâches, surtout après la déroute de Caporetto en octobre 1917. Afin de supporter leurs conditions d’internement, ces officiers, contrairement aux soldats, ont pu bénéficier d’une pratique sportive, avec l’autorisation des autorités austro-hongroises et allemandes. Les journaux des camps impulsés par des officiers chrétiens ou socialistes présentent des comptes rendus réguliers des activités culturelles et sportives proposées afin de rompre l’ennui, l’oisiveté et la dépression, dans le cadre de la Casa del Prigioniero . Des équipes de football aux noms évocateurs, « Pro Patria », « Presti liberi », sont constituées dans chaque camp où les matchs sont suivis par un nombreux public. Les bénéfices de ces matchs, dont les entrées sont payantes, sont versés aux indigents du camp. Des compétitions d’athlétisme, des rencontres de boxe et de lutte ont également lieu ainsi que des matchs de tennis attestant d’une pratique sportive d’avant-guerre.
Construire des pouvoirs moteurs en volley-ball en EPS : étude didactique au cycle 3 de l’école primaire
Authors: Amans-Passaga Christine , Verscheure Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

Inscrite dans le paradigme de l’action didactique conjointe, cette étude s’intéresse à l’évolution des prestations motrices d’élèves au cours d’une séquence de volley-ball menée par un professeur des écoles en Éducation Physique et Sportive (EPS) au cycle 3 de l’école primaire (10-11 ans). Elle met en lien ces éventuelles transformations avec les milieux didactiques que l’enseignant a proposés et que les apprenants ont investis de façon singulière. Entretiens et observations sur la durée de la séquence ont permis de mener des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives, à la fois sur l’action didactique de l’enseignant et sur les prestations motrices des élèves. Les analyses comparées entre début et fin de séquence permettent de mettre au jour des indices d’acquisitions dans les domaines tactiques et techniques qui renvoient à de nouveaux pouvoirs moteurs. Elles confirment que cette activité sportive, relativement peu programmée à l’école élémentaire, peut être le support d’une EPS riche, à condition toutefois que soit opéré par l’enseignant un traitement didactique donnant la priorité à la construction des habiletés tactiques.
alcance de los aportes metodológicos en la enseñanza: aprendizaje de las lenguas
Authors: Bernardino Roselaine , Perez de Obanos Romero Gregorio , Back Rogerio 
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo se propone discutir y reflexionar acerca de las metodologías utilizadas para la enseñanza de lenguas, sea la extranjera, la adicional o la segunda lengua. Para ello, buscamos apoyo en algunos teóricos, como Leffa (1988), Estaire (2011), Gago (2010) y otros, y hacemos un breve recorrido desde las primeras hasta las actuales formas de conducción de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se basaron en distintos enfoques y métodos. Defendemos la comprensión de que los aspectos lingüísticos tienen importancia pero no son los únicos que deben ser considerados, ya que es imprescindible prestar atención a las cuestiones extralingüísticas, como la cultura del aprendiz y las de la lengua objeto, el contexto social, institucional y de aprendizaje, e incluso los aspectos afectivos de los sujetos envueltos en el proceso. Desde nuestras reflexiones, presentamos una serie de impresiones sobre el papel del profesor y de los alumnos para que, aun cuando nos encontremos en una era de superación de los métodos, sea posible alcanzar un satisfactorio proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de lenguas.

O presente trabalho visa discutir e refletir sobre as metodologias utilizadas para o ensino de línguas, seja a estrangeira, a adicional ou a segunda língua. Para isso, buscamos apoio em alguns teóricos, como Leffa (1998), Estaire (2011), Gago (2010) e outros, e fazemos um breve recorrido desde as primeiras até as atuais formas de condução dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem que se basearam em diferentes enfoques e métodos. Defendemos a compreensão de que os aspectos linguísticos têm importância, porém não são os únicos a serem considerados, já que é imprescindível voltar a atenção para as questões extralinguísticas, como a cultura do aprendiz e a da língua objeto, o contexto social, institucional e de aprendizagem, e inclusive os aspectos afetivos dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo. A partir de nossas reflexões, apresentamos nossas impressões sobre o papel do professor e dos alunos para que, mesmo quando nos encontramos em uma era de superação dos métodos, seja possível alcançar um satisfatório processo e ensino-aprendizagem de línguas.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES, EATING PATTERNS AND STRESS WITH THE EVENT OF HYPERTENSION IN ELDERLY WOMEN IN THE WORKING AREA OF FIRST COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Marlenywati  , Jamaniah Leni 
Published: December 2020

Hypertension is a condition in which the arteries have persistently elevated blood pressure. If the pressure is greater than 140/90, you will be considered to have hypertension. Unfortunately, less people are well informed to this disease. It is one of the of infectious diseases to watch out for. Hypertension is the third leading cause of death in Indonesia (6.8%), after a stroke (15.4%) and tuberculosis (7.5%). Data from Wajok Hulu Health Center (Puskesmas) showed that the cases of hypertension among older women occurred consecutively from the year 2009-2011 (37.05%, 27.53%, and 19.52%). This study is aimed at figuring out the correlation of knowledge, physical activity, eating patterns, stress, and the incidence of hypertension among elderly women (a case study at work area of Puskesmas Wajok Hulu Kabupaten Pontianak). An analytical survey and case control approach were carried out in this study. As many as 279 elderly women were employed as the population. The number of the control group was the entire of the elderly women with hypertension (54) which were recorded in register book of Puskesmas Wajok Hulu. The research samples used a 1:1 ratio of cases and controls so that the total sample were 108 respondents. Then, the data was statistically tested by utilizing a chi square test.
The study revealed that there were correlation of knowledge (p value=0,004), physical activity (p value=0,003), eating patterns (p value=0,005), stress (0,000), and the incidence of hypertension among elderly women. From the finding, Health Department of Kabupaten Pontianak and Puskesmas (Heath Center) Wajok Hulu are encouraged to improve provide more information communication, and education about hypertension to the people, particularly elderly women. This program can be carried out through the available media, so that the people will be well informed and be aware of the dangerous of hypertension.
Transforming Damage into Benefit: Corrosion Engineering Enabled Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Liu Xupo , Gong Mingxing , Deng Shaofeng , Zhao Tonghui , Shen Tao , Zhang Jian , Wang Deli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProducing high‐purity hydrogen from water electrocatalysis is essential for the flourishing hydrogen energy economy. It is of critical importance to develop low‐cost yet efficient electrocatalysts to overcome the high activation barriers during water electrocatalysis. Among the various approaches of catalyst preparation, corrosion engineering that employs the autogenous corrosion reactions to achieve electrocatalysts has emerged as a burgeoning strategy over the past few years. Benefiting from the advantages of simple synthesis, effective regulation, easy scale‐up production, and extremely low cost, corrosion engineering converts the harmful corrosion process into the useful catalyst preparation, achieving the goal of “transforming damage into benefit.” Herein, the concept of corrosion engineering, fundamental reaction mechanisms, and affecting factors are firstly introduced. Then, recent progresses on corrosion engineering for fabricating electrocatalysts toward water splitting are summarized and discussed. Specific attentions are devoted to the formation mechanisms, catalytic performances, and structure–activity relations of these catalysts as well as the approaches employed for performance improvements. At last, the current challenges and future exploiting directions are proposed for achieving highly active and durable electrocatalysts. It is envisioned to shed light on the multidisciplinary corrosion engineering that is closely associated with corrosion and material science for energy and environmental applications.
Accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of salivary gland masses according to the Milan reporting system and to an in‐house system
Authors: Rammeh Soumaya , Romdhane Emna , Ksentini Meriem , Belhajkacem Linda , Znaidi Nadia , Riahi Ines , Lahiani Rim , Ben Salah Mamia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess in our institutional experience the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of salivary gland masses (SGM) according to the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) and to an in‐house system.MethodsThe study included 189 FNACs conducted between January 2011 and December 2019. The FNACs, classified according to the in‐house system, were reclassified according the MSRSGC. Taking histopathology as gold standard, the measures of diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were determined for suspicion for malignancy (SFM) and malignant categories.ResultsAccording to the in house system, FNAC diagnoses were classified as: 23 (12.2%) non‐diagnostic (ND), 23 (12.2%) non‐neoplastic (NN), 119 (62.9%) benign neoplasm (BN), 10 (5.2%) indefinite neoplasm (IN), 2 (1.1%) SFM, and 12 (6.4%) malignant (M). Based on the MSRSGC, there were 3 (1.5%) cases of atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and 7 (3.7%) neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP). The number of ND, NN, BN, SFM, and M cases were identical in the two systems. For both systems, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, the negative predictive value, and the accuracy for malignancy diagnosis were 77.8%, 100%, 100%, 97.6%, and 97.8%, respectively.ConclusionAccording to the MSRGC and to our in‐house reporting system, FNAC is an accurate technique for the diagnosis of malignant salivary tumors with excellent specificity and good sensitivity. However, MSRGC has the advantage of standardization of salivary gland cytology reporting.
Finite element modeling of electro‐viscoelasticity in fiber reinforced electro‐active polymers
Authors: Kanan Anas , Kaliske Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this work, aspects considering material modeling of electro‐mechanical coupling in fiber reinforced electro‐active polymers (EAP) and the corresponding finite element implementation are considered. We propose a constitutive model that takes into account the electro‐viscoelastic behavior of the isotropic matrix and the influence of unidirectional fibers on both the hyperelastic response and the viscous behavior of the whole composite. Two distinct existing models that describe the electro‐mechanical coupling, are demonstrated and implemented, moreover, a numerical link between both models for three‐dimensional continua in terms of tensor calculus, is identified. We propose the extended‐tube model for the elastic response with some of its parameters evolving in response to the electric field, in order to fit electro‐viscoelastic experiments. Regarding the finite element implementation, in addition to the deformation field and the electric potential, two pairs of field variables are introduced on the element level, to enforce quasi‐incompressibility and quasi‐inextensibility. It is shown that using the mixed finite element improves the convergence behavior for the simulation of soft EAP with relatively stiff fibers. Moreover, the choice of the model that expresses the nature of the underlying coupling is shown to noticeably affect the degree of simulated actuation in fiber reinforced actuators.
A mixed finite element method for the Poisson problem using a biorthogonal system with Raviart–Thomas elements
Authors: Banz Lothar , Ilyas Muhammad , Lamichhane Bishnu P. , McLean William , Stephan Ernst P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe use a three‐field mixed formulation of the Poisson equation to develop a mixed finite element method using Raviart–Thomas elements. We use a locally constructed biorthogonal system for Raviart–Thomas finite elements to improve the computational efficiency of the approach. We analyze the existence, uniqueness and stability of the discrete problem and show an a priori error estimate. We also develop an a posteriori error estimate for our formulation. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the performance of our approach.
Wärmebrücken im Metallleichtbau – vorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassaden und Falzprofildächer
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Pyschny Dominik , Vontein Marius , Lüdecke Marvin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVorgehängte hinterlüftete Fassaden (VHF) und Falzprofildächer (FPD) aus Metall bilden als leichte Bauweise aufgrund ihrer hohen Rückbau‐ und Recyclingfähigkeit, ihrer bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften sowie ihrer langen Lebensdauer einen Baustein nachhaltiger Gebäudearchitektur. Der prinzipielle Aufbau von VHF und FPD weist analoge thermische Eigenschaften auf. In beiden Bauweisen werden z. B. punktförmige Halter auf einem Verankerungsgrund befestigt, durchdringen dabei die Wärmedämmung und leiten die Lasten der Fassaden‐ oder Dachbekleidungen in den Verankerungsgrund ein. Die Halter bilden dabei Wärmebrücken und erhöhen den flächenbezogenen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten der flächigen Fassaden‐ oder Dachkonstruktion. In der Praxis ist der Einfluss der Durchdringungen auf den Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten bereits in einem frühen Planungsstadium zu berücksichtigen, da insbesondere Wärmedämmdicken nur unter Berücksichtigung der punkt‐ und linienbezogenen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten planungssicher festgelegt werden können. Typische Halter unterscheiden sich in ihrer Größe, Geometrie und Materialität und haben so unterschiedlichen Einfluss auf die zu wählende Dämmdicke. Zur effizienteren Umsetzung in der Praxis veröffentlicht der Internationale Verband für den Metallleichtbau (IFBS) im ersten Quartal 2021 eine Neufassung des Wärmebrückenatlas mit wärmetechnischen Untersuchungen zu VHF und FPD im Metallleichtbau. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden dazu ausgewählte Ergebnisse vorgestellt.