bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI PADA KEKUATAN TARIK DAN UJI DEGRADASI KOMPOSIT POLIPROPILENA BEKAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA
Authors: Fitriah Sari Nst  , Harry Abrido S  , Maulida  
Published: October 2019

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical properties and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the many types of produced composite is composite with powdered natural fiber. This study uses the former polypropylene matrix derived from former cup bottle cup and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with some ratios are 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties such as tensile strength, as well as the effect of degradation test on composite material former polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. Variation of composite degradation test were 10, 20 and 30 days, and immersion powder for 1 and 2 days. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the former polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The test results showed degradation soaking for 2 days has tensile strength values ​​higher than 1 day is equal to 29,023 MPa at 0 day, 28,835 MPa at 10 days, 26,762 MPa at 20 days and 25,361 MPa at 30 days.
PENENTUAN KONDISI OPTIMUM SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI PADA PEMBUATAN ARANG DARI SEKAM PADI
Authors: Satriyani Siahaan  , Melvha Hutapea  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan  
Published: October 2019

Charcoal is a solid porous material containing 80 - 90 % of carbon being produced from combustion at high temperatures (carbonization ), that the material only carbonized and not oxidized become carbon dioxide. The research is aimed to know the optimum conditions on the process of carbonization from the rice husks. The carbonization process conducted in temperatures 400 oC, 500 oC, and 600 oC with variations in time 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes. Optimum conditions carbonization for rice husk at temperature 400 oC for 120 minutes with a carbon content 41,3 %, moisture content 6,1 %, ash content 32,6 % and volatile matter content 20,5 %.
KINETIKA REAKSI FERMENTASI ALKOHOL DARI BUAH SALAK
Authors: Fatimah  , Febrina Lia G  , Lina Rahmasari G  
Published: October 2019

Research about bioethanol production from salak that are not marketable has been done. Salak containing 16.07% starch and 32.96% glucose, so that salak is potential to be converted into bioethanol by fermentation. This research aimed to study reaction kinetic of alcoholic fermentation that are the reaction kinetic of the hydrolysis of starch to glucose and fermentation of glucose to alcohol from salak by using Saccharomyces cereviseae. Hydrolysis of starch reaction containing two reaction rate controls that are chemical reaction and film diffusion. The results obtained for the hydrolysis reaction that the reacion rate constant is 1,41 x 10-11 and the film diffusion coefficient constant is 0,47 x 10-11 so the rate of the hydrolysis reaction is controlled by the film diffusion. Reaction rate constant for fermentation is 169,88. During the process of fermentation, the concentration of starch and glucose tended to decreased by time of fermentation and bioethanol concentration tended to increase by time of fermentation.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN ALKALI DALAM UJI FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED PADA KOMPOSIT TERMOPLASTIK BERPENGISI SERBUK SERABUT KELAPA
Authors: Johannes Leonard S  , Harry Abrido S  , Maulida  
Published: October 2019

Composite is a combination of two different materials to obtain a material with physical and mechanical properties are better than any of its constituent parts. One of the composite types which is much produced is composite with powdered natural fiber filler. This research uses the used polypropylene matrix and powdered coconut fiber as filler treated with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The ratio of the matrix and the filler is 85:15. This ratio is the optimum value obtained by the composite tensile strength with ratio 100:0, 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of an alkaline solution of the resulting composite properties especially towards lignin level, with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) test on composite material used polypropylene with powdered coconut fiber as filler. The method used in the manufacture of composites is the method of extrusion. The matrix form of the used polypropylene mixed with coconut fiber powder that has been soaked with NaOH, then mixed in a container, then put into the extruder operating temperature 1750C, printed using a hot press at a temperature of 1750C, and cut into pieces appropriate testing. The results showed that the optimum processing occurs with NaOH for 2 days. The FTIR test result, showed that –OH cluster switch occured, be seen from the shifting of absortion band from 3417.04 cm-1 to 3476.84 cm-1 for the powdered coconut fiber and the shifting of absortion band from 3343.75 cm-1 to 3192.33 cm-1 for the composite, which is the –OH cluster of the lignin.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BERBAGAI AKTIVATOR DALAM PROSES PENGOMPOSAN SEKAM PADI (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Irvan  , Permata Mhardela  , Bambang Trisakti  
Published: October 2019

Composting process of rice husk (Oryza sativa) by adding various activators have been carried out in LPPM Training Center, University of Sumatera Utara. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of variation of slurry and bacteria (yeast and EM4) on rice husk composting results. The parameters observed were changes in temperature, water content, C/N ratio, and pH. At the end of the composting results showed that the addition of slurry, yeast and EM4 can lower the temperature and C / N ratio, and with the addition of yeast and 2 liters of slurry can speed up the process of decomposition of compost.
PEMANFAATAN ABU CANGKANG KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) SEBAGAI KATALIS DALAM PEMBUATAN METIL ESTER DARI MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Bernandus Petrus  , Andika Prasetyo Sembiring  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga  
Published: October 2019

Transesterification is the reaction to produce methyl esters in which this reaction’s involves catalyst of blood clam shell ashes of combustion at temperatures of 900 ° C for 3 hours and the amount of ash that is used by 8%, 10%, 12% (w / w). Ash used in dissolved in methanol with a molar ratio of methanol: oil of 9: 1, 12: 1 (n / n) to obtain a compound of calcium methoxide. Used cooking oil is filtered and then esterified with catalyst 3.0% (w / w) H2SO4 98% and methanol: oil TG (6: 1) to reduce the FFA to <1%. Transesterification reaction is carried out at a reaction temperature of 65 ° C for 3 hours, and keep stirring 700 rpm. Quantitatively, the optimum yield of methyl ester in the amount of ash produced is 12% (w / w) and the molar ratio of methanol: oil at 12: 1 (n / n) of 56.51% with specification methyl esters such as density, kinematic viscosity and purity methyl ester biodiesel in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006, based on the analysis of GC (Gas Chromatography), the purity of the resulting methyl ester was 98.79%.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN WAKTU KARBONISASI TERHADAP NILAI KALOR DAN KARAKTERISTIK PADA PEMBUATAN BIOARANG BERBAHAN BAKU PELEPAH AREN (Arenga pinnata)
Authors: Erwin Junary  , Julham Prasetya Pane  , Netti Herlina  
Published: October 2019

The availability of the petroleum fuels that deprived from fossil is depleted with the increase of human population. The challenge for this fuel shortage crisis can certainly be anticipated with the manufacture of fuels deprived from renewable biomass. The study of this research is to create a biocharcoal deprived from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) with the optimum carbonization time and temperature in order to obtain a biocharcoal with the highest calorific value. Biocharcoal is a charcoal created from biomass. The study of the determination of the optimum conditions for the manufacture of biocharcoal from sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) has a temperature variable of 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 0C and time variable of 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Sugar palm was first cut into a small pieces and dried up under the sun and then put into a furnace to carbonate it according to the predetermined variables. The product from furnace was then put inside a desicator to cool it off for 30 minutes and then analyze it with moisture content test, ash content test, volatile matter content test, carbon content test and calorific value test. The best result was obtained at the temperature of 350 0C and 120 minutes of carbonization with the calorific value of 8611,2581 cal/gr, moisture content of %, ash content of %, volatile matter content of % and carbon content of %. Based of the calorific value obtained, the result shows that sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) biocharcoal could be utilize as an renewable alternative source fuels
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) MELALUI REAKSI OKSIDASI ASAM NITRAT
Authors: Yos Pawer Ambarita  , Iloan Pandang H M  , Seri Maulina  
Published: October 2019

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the molecular formula H2C2O4 which has a wide range of applications in industry. Oxalic acid can be used as fiber bleaching agents, reagents in chemical analysis, and also used in mineral purification of metals. This study aims to determine the effects of temperature and reaction time to quantity and quality of oxalic acid produced by nitric acid oxidation from palm frond powder. The method used for the manufacture of oxalic acid in this study is oxidation method. In this method palm frond powder will be reacted with nitric acid 40 % in the ratio 1: 6 (w/v) at temperature 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 °C and reaction time 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 minutes, thus obtained oxalic acid. The research was conducted in several stages: oxidation reaction stage, filtration, precipitation with CaCl2, acidification with H2SO4 and efflorescence. Oxalic acid product quality analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Plate Melting Point Apparatus. The maksimum yield of oxalic acid was about 23.20 % which obtained at 80 °C and at reaction time 50 minutes.
PEMBUATAN PEREKAT LIGNIN RESORSINOL FORMALDEHID DARI NATRIUM LIGNOSULFONAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Siti Maysarah  , Netti Herlina  
Published: October 2019

Oil palm empty fruit bunchesn are waste from palm oil mill utilization is still limited. Lignin utilization of oil palm empty fruit bunhes made of natural adhesive manufacture. Making adhesive is carried out in several stages namely the manufacture of powder oil palm empty fruit bunches free extractives, lignin isolation, the manufacture of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium purification lignosulfonate and the manufacture of adhesive. Making the lignin resorcinol formaldehide adhesive is done by differences sodium lignosulfonate : resorcinol : formaldehyde mole ratio are ratio 1:1:1, ratio 1:1:2 and ratio 1:1:3. The results obtained from testing the appearance of the adhesive has a blackish brown color. pH of each ratio is ratio 1:1:1 11,2, ratio 1:1:2 11,4 and ratio 1:1:3 12,0. Adhesive densities are ration 1:1:1 1,2857, ratio 1:1:2 1,2119, and ratio 1:1:3 1,3097. Viscosities are ratio 1:1:1 108,83 cps, ratio 1:1:2 94,31 cps and ratio 1:1:3 129,92 cps. The rest of the evaporation are ratio 1:1:1 50,77%, ratio 1:1:2 42,35% and ratio 1:1:3 41,01%. Test results compared with standard phenol formaldehyde which is SNI 06-4567-1998 liquid phenol formaldehyde and result ratio 1:1:3 the best of another ratio .
PENGARUH SUHU VULKANISASI DAN KOMPOSISI BENTONITE CLAY YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN ALKANOLAMIDA DARI BAHAN BAKU RBDPKO PADA PRODUK LATEKS KARET ALAM
Authors: Friska Erdiana Tambunan  , Hamidah Harahap  
Published: October 2019

The is research aims to determine the effect of vulcanization temperature and composition of bentonite clay as good filler on mechanical properties of natural rubber latex product. In this study, we use bentonite clay as filler and alkanolamide as compatibilizer. The material used in this study are high ammonia latex 60%, curative agents such as sulfur, ZnO, ZDEC, AO, KOH, bentonite clay and alkanolamide. Alkanolamide is synthesized from amidation reaction between Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Oil and diethanolamine. The methodology includes pre-vulcanizing natural rubber latex with certain formulation, then vulcanized using dipping method. The variable used in this study is filler loading, from 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 gram, and vulcanization time 10 minutes. The products were then tested in order to observe its mechanical properties, FTIR characterization, SEM characterization and crosslink density. The results show that the synthesized alkanolamide possess the functional group desired. Alkanolamide modified bentonite clay loading is capable of increasing crosslink density and mechanical properties of the products. Optimum filler loading is reported on 10 gram and optimum vulcanization at 120oC.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MALEAT ANHIDRIDA-GRAFTED-POLIPROPILENA TERHADAP SIFAT KEKUATAN BENTUR DAN PENYERAPAN AIR KOMPOSIT HIBRID PLASTIK BEKAS KEMASAN GELAS BERPENGISI SERBUK SERAT AMPAS TEBU DAN SERBUK SERAT KACA
Authors: Castiqliana  , Silvia  , Halimatuddahliana  
Published: October 2019

A study on wasted polypropylene/modified bagasse fiber flour/E-type glass fiber flour with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition hybrid composite was performed and its impact properties and water absorption ability was analyzed. Glass fiber flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene compositions were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively, and modified bagasse fiber flour composition was varied from 10-40 wt.%. Surface modification on bagasse flour with 1% sodium hydroxide was also conducted. The composites were prepared in an extruder. The result showed that the maximum impact strength of 46,6 J/cm2 was obtained in addition of modified bagasse fiber flour of 30 wt.%. Impact strength result was also supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis. Water absorption test showed that the increase of modified bagasse fiber flour content resulted to the increase of water absorbance and composites with maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition had lower ability to absorb water when compared to composite without maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition in the same fillers content.
PEMBUATAN ASAM OKSALAT DARI PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis) DENGAN KALSIUM HIDROKSIDA
Authors: Iloan Pandang H M  , Yos Pawer Ambarita  , Seri Maulina  
Published: October 2019

Palm frond is the solid waste which is high in cellulose. Further processing of palm frond is capable of producing high quality product such as oxalic acid. The aim of this research was to obtain the effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) concentration and reaction time on the yield of oxalic acid produced with palm frond as raw material. This study was done with two steps. The first step was the preparation of palm frond until it was ready to be used. The second step was the conversion step which consists of fusion, filtration and crystallization. Oxalic acid produced was then analyzed with quantitative analysis of yield percentage and qualitative analysis using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and plat melting point apparatus. The result showed that the maximum yield of oxalic acid was achieved at Ca(OH)2 concentration of 3.5 N and reaction time of 60 minutes, the value was 6.07 % based on weight of palm frond. The qualitative analysis showed that the vibration of functional groups had approached the standard oxalic acid with the melting point was 106.2 oC.
KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI SEKAM PADI DAN KETAMAN KAYU BERPEREKAT DAUN JAMBU METE
Authors: Widya Gema Bestari  , Mutiara Mendopa  , Rosdanelli Hasibuan  
Published: October 2019

Briquettes are biomass compaction technology as alternative energy sources with or without binder in different shape and size. The research is aimed to analyze the best carbonization process, compaction pressure and binder concentration for quality of briquettes. In this resarch, rice husk and wood shaving are used as raw materials carbonized at different process, named by carbonization process 1 and other carbonization process 2. Carbonization process 1 was done by carbonized each raw material and then mixed while carbonization process 2 was done by mixed raw materials then carbonized. Raw materials were blended with cashew nut leaves binder at concentration 10%, 12,5%, 15%, and 20% and then compacted at pressure 85 kg/cm2 and 105 kg/cm2. The best briquette was briquette that rice husk and wood shaving were carbonized by carbonization process 1 blended with 15% binder and compacted at 85 kg/cm2 and had calorific value 2045,8271 cal/g.
PEMANFAATAN KULIT JENGKOL SEBAGAI ADSORBEN DALAM PENYERAPAN LOGAM Cd (II) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PELAPISAN LOGAM
Authors: Setiaty Pandia  , Budi Warman  
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research is to study the effect of activation processes to iodine number of ngapi nut peel adsorbent and to study the optimum adsorbent mass to reduce metallic Cadmium (Cd) concentration in electroplating wastewater. Ngapi nut peel was cleaned and mashed to a size of 100 mesh of sieve tray and then activated using nitric acid (HNO3) 4 N with specific ratio ngapi nut peel : nitric acid while heated at specific activation temperature and duration. Adsorbent dried in oven at specific temperature and duration of drying. Adsorbent with optimum iodine number then used in batch adsorption that carried out by using variations of mass in 50 mL of wastewater. The results showed that the optimum ratio of ngapi nut peel : nitric acid is 20:1 mg/mL at activation temperature 90°C, duration of activation 120 minutes, drying temperature 110 °C and duration of drying 120 minutes with iodine number 634.50 mg/g. The optimum mass of adsorbent is 1 g with capacity of adsorbent 1,326 mg/g.
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK DEDAK PADI DENGAN REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN ZEOLIT ALAM YANG DIMODIFIKASI DENGAN KOH
Authors: Taslim  , Sri Zahrani Dwi Mauliyah Parinduri  , Putri Retno Wahyu Ningsih  
Published: October 2019

Biodiesel was usually produced from transesterification using alchohol. In this research rice bran oil was used as feedstock and methanol was used as reagent. The transesterification of rice bran oil had studied using KOH/natural zeolite as a solid heterogeneous catalyst. The objective of this study was to discover the effectivess of using natural zeolite modified by KOH as heterogeneous catalysts in the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil (RBO). KOH/natural zeolite catalyst was prepared by modification through impregnation method which was conducted on various KOH concentration (75 gram/100 ml – 175 gram/100 ml). Transesterification reaction was conducted at 60 ºC, 500 rpm, and various amount of catalyst (2-4%), reaction time (1,5-3,5 hour) and molar ratio alcohol/oil (8:1-12:1). The highest yield of biodiesel was 98,71%, which was obtained by using 2% catalyst, reaction time 2 hour, molar ratio alcohol/oil 10:1. Natural zeolite as heterogeneous catalyst which modified by KOH could get the higher yield biodiesel on transesterification.
PENGARUH WAKTU AKTIVASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK ADSORBEN DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminate L) YANG DIAKTIVASI SECARA FISIKA
Authors: Elvitriana  , Vera Viena  , Muhammad Nizar  , Sari Wardani  
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to analyze the effect of activation time on characteristics of banana peels (Musa acuminate L) adsorbent prepared by physics activation. The adsorbent was prepared through two stages, the carbonation of banana skin conducted at 400 oC for 1.5 hours and the physics activation process conducted at 600 oC for 15, 30, and 45 minutes with variations 50 mesh and 100 mesh in size. Adsorbent characteristic parameters analyzed were water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, adsorption capacity of iodine, and determination of functional groups using FTIR. Results showed that characteristics of banana peels adsorbent met SNI No. 06-3730-1995 with a water content of 2-8%, 2-9% ash content, 12-17% volatile matter, fixed carbon 73-84% with iodine absorption of 952 mg/g. Results of FT-IR spectra, adsorbent has an absorption band spectra at wave number of 2850 – 2960 cm-1 with stretching vibration appeared on C-H group with intensity 92.50 with activation time of 45 minutes and 50 mesh size. Based on its characteristics analysis, it can be concluded that adsorbent from banana peels has potential to be applied as one of the active carbon absorbent for liquid and gaseous waste.
KINERJA MIKROBA Zymomonas mobilis DAN Saccharomyces cerevisiae UNTUK MENGURAIKAN HIDROLISAT TONGKOL JAGUNG MENJADI BIOETANOL DENGAN PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN RASIO PENAMBAHAN MIKROBA
Authors: Fatimah  , Deralisa Ginting  , Veronica Sirait  
Published: October 2019

Bioethanol from biomass is one of energy which has a potential as alternative fuel. Bioethanol can be produced by using fungi or bacteria. The research was about the performance of Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to change corn cobs hydrolyzate into bioethanol by adding microbes to the influence of time and ratio of fermentation had been done. The hydrolyzate were decomposition of corn cobs using Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. The purpose of this study was to know the conversion of hydrolysis of corn cobs into bioethanol with variation time of fermentation (1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days) and rate of adding microbes (Zymomonas mobilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae = 1:1; 1:2 and 2:1) (v/v). The glucose from corn cobs hydrolyzate was 5,869 g/ml. Fermentation wass carried out at 25 0C. Bioethanol which obtained from this study was investigated using gas chromatography. The optimum bioethanol yield was equal to 6,31% by using Zymomonas mobilis : Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2:1) and at the 3 days fermentation time.
PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PIROLISIS SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Seri Maulina  , Feni Sari Putri  
Published: October 2019

Palm plantation produce waste in form of palm midribs in large number. One of the way to handle and increase the value of palm midrib waste is by pyrolysis. The particle size of raw material that used in this study was 23 – 50 mesh. The reduction of raw material size can increase the heating rate of pyrolysis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature, time, and water content of raw material on the yield and pH of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis of palm midrib powder was processed at 150 oC, 200 oC, and 250 oC with various time was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The study found that the yield of liquid smoke tend to increase with rising pyrolysis temperature and time until the condition when un-condensable gas was produced more so that the increase of pyrolysis temperature and time will further decrease the yield. The highest yield of liquid smoke obtained at 250 oC for 30 minutes, is 20,69%. The best pH of liquid smoke obtained at pyrolysis temperature 250 oC for 90 minutes, is 2,6.