bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspiration During Exercise in Patients With Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Yanxin , Wang Jing , Xu Dan , Jing Jing , Jiang Min , Li Fengsen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common progressive respiratory condition. Chills in the back region with excessive sweating are common symptoms in COPD patients. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with increased rates of perspiration in COPD patients.Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study over the course of one year by recruiting 120 COPD patients and 32 healthy controls. All patients underwent pulmonary function testing (PFT) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The rate of perspiration was determined during CPET through sweat collection. The relationship between perspiration rate and multiple clinical and physiologic variables was explored through correlative analyses. Logistic regression analysis was used to reveal the multifactorial influence on the risk of acute COPD exacerbations.Results: Results showed that COPD patients were found to have a higher rate of perspiration during CPET than healthy individuals. We observed a direct relationship between perspiration rate and clinical measures of disease severity such as air flow limitations and the number of acute COPD exacerbations. The rate of perspiration was also found to be correlated with several clinical (i.e. number of hospitalizations) as well as physiologic variables (i.e. PFT and CPET parameters). Lastly, we generated a logistic regression model which predicted the likelihood of acute COPD exacerbations with an accuracy of 87.4%. Thus, elevated perspiration rates during exercise are observed in COPD patients, which is also directly correlated with the degree of dyspnea and disease progression.Conclusions: perspiration may be used as a biomarker for disease state with prognostic value.
Establishment of a Nomogram for Predicting the Surgical Difficulty of Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Ji Chengyue , Rong Yuluo , Wang Jiaxing , Yin Guoyong , Fan Jin , Tang Pengyu , Jiang Dongdong , Liu Wei , Ge Xuhui , Yu Shunzhi , Cai Weihua 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFor a long time, surgical difficulty is mainly evaluated based on subjective perception rather than objective indexes. Moreover, the lack of systematic research regarding the evaluation of surgical difficulty potentially has a negative effect in this field. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors for the surgical difficulty of anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study totaling 291 consecutive patients underwent ACSS from 2012.3 to 2017.8. The surgical difficulty of ACSS was defined by operation time longer than 120 min or intraoperative blood loss equal to or greater than 200ml. Evaluation of risk factors was performed by analyzing the patient’s medical records and radiological parameters such as age, sex, BMI, operation level, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), sagittal and coronal cervical circumference, cervical length, spinal canal occupational ratio, coagulation function index and platelet count.ResultsSignificant differences were reported between low-difficulty and high-difficulty ACSS groups in terms of age (p=0.017), sex (p=0.006), operation level (p<0.001), high signal intensity (p<0.001), OPLL (p<0.001) and spinal canal occupational ratio (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that operation level (OR=5.224, 95%CI=2.125-12.843, p<0.001), high signal intensity (OR=4.994, 95%CI=1.636-15.245, p=0.005), OPLL (OR=6.358, 95%CI=1.932-20.931, p=0.002) and the spinal canal occupational ratio>0.45 (OR=3.988, 95%CI=1.343-11.840, p=0.013) were independently associated with surgical difficulty in ACSS. A nomogram was established and ROC curve gave a 0.906 C-index. There was a good calibration curve for difficulty estimation.ConclusionThis study indicated that the operational level, OPLL, high signal intensity, and spinal canal occupational ratio were independently associated with surgical difficulty and a predictive nomogram can be established using the identified risk factors. Optimal performance was achieved for predicting surgical difficulty of ACSS based on preoperative factors.
Harm Reduction Service Utilization Among People Who Inject Drugs in Tajikistan: Prevalence and Precipitating Factors
Authors: Tate Mary M. , Bromberg Daniel J. , Alaei Kamiar , Karimov Saifuddin , Saidi Dilshod , Alaei Arash 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Tajikistan is in a unique geopolitical location along the global heroin trade route, exacerbating its own opioid use disorder and HIV epidemics. With one of the highest rates of opioid use disorder in the world, and 20,000-30,000 people who inject drugs in the country, Tajikistan’s government and international actors have provided harm reduction measures for people who use drugs, like narcology centers, needle and syringe programs, and methadone maintenance therapy. No implementation science studies have been conducted in Tajikistan and the current implementation gaps in service uptake are unknown. The purpose of this paper is to determine the prevalence of harm reduction service uptake among people who use drugs in Tajikistan, and determine which factors are associated with service uptake.
Methods
This paper uses data from the National AIDS Registry, subset to patients who use drugs (n=11,029) and cross-sectional data from a bio-behavioral survey conducted in 2017 (n=2,390). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess associations between study variables and probably of uptake of narcology center registration, uptake of needle and syringe programs, and registration into methadone maintenance therapy.
Results
Fewer than half of all people who inject drugs (42.4%) were registered with the narcology center , most people who inject drugs (88.6%) reported always having access to clean syringes, and only 5.3% of PWID had ever engaged in methadone treatment in Tajikistan. There were ethnic differences in service uptake – with ethnic Russians and Uzbeks less likely to use services than ethnic Tajiks. Men who have sex with men and people living with HIV were also more likely to access services than heterosexual or seronegative individuals.
Conclusion
Narcology center registration and clean needle coverage are high in Tajikistan. Methadone maintenance therapy uptake, however, is low, like in other countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. NGO and government initiatives that target risk groups (like LGBTQ+ people and people living with HIV) seem to have been somewhat effective at recruiting their clientele into services. Future research might focus on the “positive deviancy” of these subgroups of people who use drugs to learn how to increase service uptake generally.
The Function of Siberian Fir In The Formation Of Forest Phytocoenoses In The Floodplain Landscapes of North-Eastern European Russia
Authors: Gerling Natalya , Tarasov Sergey 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background The peculiarity of Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica Ledeb.) growth in the territory of the North-East of the European part of Russia is that its habitats are confined to certain types of landscapes, namely floodplains of streams and rivers, slopes, and watersheds. In the structure of plant communities formed in such areas, fir is generally the predominant species. The purpose of this study is to find out causes why fir tree have been successful in colonizing specific types of landscapes. The study was conducted in the Komi Republic, Russia. The objects of the study were chosen two forest phytocoenoses with fir dominance, one of which grows on a slope and the other — on a floodplain terrace. A comparative analysis of the complex of factors determining the growth and development of these forest communities was made.Results Orographic conditions have been recognized as the main factor determining the species structure of phytocoenoses in the considered landscape types. The relief features of the areas where the forest stands under consideration are located contribute to the development of periodic water flows that have a significant impact on the species structure formation. Comparison of morphological and phenological features of the main forest-forming species of the Komi Republic has shown that the fir has a number of advantages contributing to its success under the conditions of a specific hydrological regime. Conclusions The formation of spatial patterns with Siberian fir dominating on slopes and floodplains is a consequence of fir adaptability to the influence of periodic water flow due to the relief features.
The high climate costs of animal-based foods
Authors: Errickson Frank , Kuruc Kevin , McFadden Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Despite mounting evidence that reductions in agricultural emissions must be part of the global climate agenda, the economic benefits of such reductions have not yet been quantified in a manner appropriate for rigorous cost-benefit analyses. Here we couple the global agricultural and industrial economies in a leading macroeconomic-climate model to quantify the climate costs of animal-based foods along several dimensions. Under representative temperature targets, a transition to veganism alleviates necessary reductions of industrial emissions by 25 percent. Under a business-as-usual pathway, standard diets high in animal protein contribute nearly $100 per person, per year in climate damages; about two-thirds of the damages from the average passenger vehicle in the United States. At the product level, the true cost of a serving of beef is 62% more than producers now face. Disaggregating to the regional level, we highlight where food policy could provide the highest social return.
Plastome Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships of Styracaceae (Ericales)
Authors: Wang Hua-Feng , Cai Xiu-lian , Landis Jacob B. , Wang Hong-Xin , Wang Jian-Hua , Zhu Zhi-Xin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The Styracaceae are a woody, dicotyledonous family containing 12 genera and an estimated 160 species. Recent studies have shown that Styrax is monophyletic, Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia cluster into a clade with an approximately 20-kb inversion in the LSC. Halesia and Pterostyrax are not supported as monophyletic, while Melliodendron and Changiostyrax always from a clade sister to the rest of the family. However, the phylogenetic relationship of Styracaceae at the level of genera remains ambiguous. Results: We collected 28 complete plastomes of Styracaceae, including 12 sequences newly reported here and 16 publicly available complete plastome sequences, comprising 11 of the 12 genera of Styracaceae. All species possessed the typical quadripartite structure of angiosperm plastomes, and the sequence difference is small, except for the large 20-kb (14 genes) inversion region found in Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia . Seven coding sequences ( rps4 , rpl23 , accD , rpoC1 , psaA , rpoA and ndhH ) were identified to possess positively selected sites. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on seven data sets (i.e., LSC, SSC, IR, Coding, Non-coding, combination of LSC+SSC and concatenation of LSC+SSC+one IR) produced similar topologies and most relationships are consistent with previous findings. In our study, Pterostyrax was strongly supported as monophyletic; Melliodendron and Changiostyrax as successively sister to the rest of the family. Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate that Pterostyrax is monophyletic, and the establishment of Perkinsiodendron and Changiostyrax are supported. A 20-kb reverse sequence was found in the newly published sequence of Alniphyllum fortunei , which confirmed the existence of large inversion sequence in Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia .
A Novel Essential Protein Identification Method Based on PPI Networks and Gene Expression Data
Authors: Zhong Jiancheng , Tang Chao , Peng Wei , Xie Minzhu , Sun Yusui , Tang Qiang , Xiao Qiu , Yang Jiahong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Some proposed methods for identifying essential proteins have better results by using biological information. Gene expression data is generally used to identify essential proteins. However, gene expression data is prone to fluctuations, which may affect the accuracy of essential protein identification. Therefore, we propose an essential protein identification method to calculate the similarity of "active" and "inactive" state of gene expression in a cluster of the PPI network based on gene expression and the PPI network data. Our experiments show that our method can improve the accuracy in predicting essential proteins. Results: In this paper, we propose a new measure, named JDC, based on the PPI network data and gene expression data. The JDC method offers a dynamic threshold method to binarize gene expression data. After that, it combines the degree centrality and Jaccard similarity index to calculate the JDC score for each protein in the PPI network. We respectively perform experiments on Yeast data and E.coli data and evaluate our method by using ROC analysis, modular analysis, jackknife analysis, overlapping analysis, top analysis, and accuracy analysis. The results show that the performance of JDC is better than DC, IC, EC, SC, BC, CC, NC, PeC, and WDC. We compare JDC with both NF-PIN and TS-PIN methods, which predict essential proteins from active PPI networks constructed with dynamic gene expression. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the new centrality measure, JDC, is more efficient than state-of-the-art prediction methods. The main ideas behind JDC are as follows: (1) Essential proteins are generally densely connected clusters in the PPI network . (2) Binarizing gene expression data can screen out fluctuations in gene expression profiles. (3) The essentiality of the protein depends on the similarity of "active" and "inactive" state of gene expression in a cluster of the PPI network.
Hospital resilience after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal: results from semi-structured interviews with hospital staff
Authors: Almeida Maria Moitinho de , Loenhout Joris Adriaan Frank van , Thapa Sunil Singh , Kumar KC , Mahara Deepak Prakash , Guha-Sapir Debarati , Aujoulat Isabelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background “Safe and resilient hospitals” are increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of disaster reduction in global policies such as the Sendai Framework for Action. However, current hospital resilience frameworks emerged from pre-disaster conceptualizations, and have not been verified in real-life disaster contexts nor in the frontlines. Our aim was to study a tertiary hospital’s resilience after the 2015 earthquake in Nepal, as experienced by its staff. Methods We undertook a qualitative study in the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), where we conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with hospital staff. We inductively created themes to describe the earthquake burden to the hospital, and to analyze individual resilience of hospital staff. In addition, we deductively documented the resilience of the hospital as a system, according to the system resilience dimensions: means of resilience (redundancy and resourcefulness), and ends of resilience (robustness and rapidity).Results TUTH faced material challenges, as well as challenges to healthcare provision, to management and coordination, and to hospital staff. In terms of robustness, TUTH increased its capacity for earthquake victims as elective activities were temporarily interrupted and quality of care was not a priority. Three stages of rapidity were identified: critical rapidity to address immediate needs, stabilizing rapidity until the hospital re-started routine activities, and recovery rapidity. In addition to the disaster plan, emerging adaptations played a major role in redundancy and resourcefulness. We found that individual resilience depended on three determinants: safety, meaningfulness, and sense of belonging.Conclusions Hospital resilience results from a complexity of emerging and planned adaptations, as well as from interdependencies with individual resilience. Ensuring workforce safety and sense of meaning directly contributes to hospital systems-level resilience. Hospitals should establish and test disaster plans and strategies to alter standards of care, while being flexible to emerging adaptations.
Rapid Epidemiological Appraisal of Spatial Distribution of Animal Bite Injury Cases and Rabies Post Exposure Prophylaxis in Kisumu County, Kenya
Authors: Peter Omemo , Wasonga Job , Omollo Morvan , Adhiambo Joy , Yeda Redemptah 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Animal bites in humans provide an important source of epidemiological information which is crucial in enhancing rabies surveillance in humans and animals. Rabies post exposure prophylaxis consumes substantial resources and exerts a lot of financial burden on animal bite injury victims and consumes resources and time. The overall objective of this study was to conduct a rapid epidemiological appraisal of animal bite injury and rabies post exposure prophylaxis in Kisumu County, Kenya.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 32 administrative units (Sub-locations or wards) in Kisumu County, Kenya. Data was collected from outpatient department (OPD) registers in four peri-urban health centres in Kisumu East Sub County, Kenya. An integration of epidemiological tools for disease mapping was applied in the study. Quantum Geographic Information System was used to create a thematic map and spatial distribution of the animal bite injuries in Kisumu County.Results There were 133 (63%) males and 78(37%) female cases. The range in age was 11 – 40 years. The cases were highest among 11-17 years age group. Among the cases were 14( 6.6% ) children less than 10 years , 63(29.9% ) were of age group between 11-17 years, 49(23.2%) were in the age group between 18-24 years, 41(19.4%) were in the age bracket between 25-31 years, 24 (11.4%) were between 32 and 38 years, while 20(9.5%) were 38 years and above. Majority, (87.2 %) of the animal bite injuries were inflicted by domestic dogs. Wild dogs/stray dogs contributed 8.1% of the total number of animal bite injury cases. Cats and unknown animals contributed 1.4% and 3.3 respectively. The epidemiological curve shows that more than one case of animal bite injury occurred daily in Kisumu County between June and December, 2019 with the highest daily figure being 7. The study revealed the need to strengthen animal bite injury and rabies prevention and control strategies in Kisumu County.Conclusion
Identification of Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma&nbsp;Gene Prognosis Based on Immune-Related lncRNA Signature of Transcriptome Data
Authors: Ma Andi , Sun Yukai , Ogbodu Racheal O. , Xiao Ling , Deng Haibing , Zhou Hui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: It is well known that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in cancer. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of potential immune-related lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Validated the established lncRNA signature of 343 patients with HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 81 samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Immune-related lncRNAs for HCC prognosis were evaluated using Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) analyses. LASSO analysis was performed to calculate a risk score formula to explore the difference in overall survival between high- and low-risk groups in TCGA, which was verified using GEO, Gene Ontology (GO), and pathway-enrichment analysis. These analyses were used to identify the function of screened genes and construct a co-expression network of these genes. Results: Using computational difference algorithms and lasso Cox regression analysis, the differentially expressed and survival-related immune-related genes (IRGs) among patients with HCC were established as five novel immune-related lncRNA signatures (AC099850.3, AL031985.3, PRRT3-AS1, AC023157.3, MSC-AS1). Patients in the low‐risk group showed significantly better survival than patients in the high‐risk group ( P = 3.033e−05). The signature identified can be an effective prognostic factor to predict patient survival. The nomogram showed some clinical net benefits predicted by overall survival. In order to explore its underlying mechanism, several methods of enrichment were elucidated using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Conclusion: Identifying five immune-related lncRNA signatures has important clinical implications for predicting patient outcome and guiding tailored therapy for patients with HCC with further prospective validation.
Evaluation of SIMESON, A Training Program to Improve Access to Quality Health Care for Pregnant Women and Newborn in Different Health Care Facilities of Northern Bangladesh
Authors: Das Rina , Farzana Fahmida Dil , Sultana Zakia , Mukherji Kallol , Baayo Adnan , Sultana Marufa , Ali Nausad , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Ahmed Tahmeed , Faruque ASG 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Access to perinatal health care is improving in Bangladesh, but maternal and neonatal mortality is still a public health concern. SIMESON (simulation for essential skills for obstetrical and neonatal care) training was focused on expanding maternal-newborn health services for safe delivery by improving infrastructure, perinatal knowledge, and skills of health care providers working in health care facilities in northern Bangladesh. Our objective was to explore the current knowledge and skills of health care providers already trained by SIMESON, in reviewing perinatal health situation including the current status of health care facilities, cost estimation and most importantly delivering perinatal health services.Methods: It was an observational study involving 88 health care providers working in 20 health care facilities. Cost estimation following both quantitative and qualitative approaches was also attempted. Result: Knowledge and skills of health care providers regarding the provision of normal delivery and immediate postpartum care, management of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), and retained placenta; and use of the bag and mask ventilation to help a baby breathe were found to be considerably strengthened following SIMESON training. During the 6 months after training, there were 477 PPH cases managed successfully with only 1 death; neonatal deaths observed were 6.6 per 1000 live births; twice the number of facility deliveries; and 80% use rate of Ambu bag for helping baby breathe. The estimated cost per trainee was 395.68 USD, and 5.85 USD per beneficiary.Conclusion: SIMESON training improved maternal and child health by facilitating the health care professionals’ improved knowledge and skills, enhancing access to health care facilities, and increasing facility delivery. Such a training program should be promoted within health system in hard-to-reach areas of the country that are burdened with other commitments.