bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Magnetic Structure of the Subsolar MPB Current Layer From MAVEN Observations: Implications for the Hall Electric Force
Authors: Boscoboinik G. , Bertucci C. , Gomez D. , Morales L. , Mazelle C. , Halekas J. , Gruesbeck J. , Mitchell D. , Jakosky B. , Penou E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report on the local structure of the Martian subsolar magnetic pileup boundary (MPB) from minimum variance analysis of the magnetic field measured by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft for six orbits. In particular, we detect a well‐defined current layer within the MPB and provide a local estimate of its current density which results in a sunward Hall electric force. This force accounts for the deflection of the solar wind ions and the acceleration of electrons which carry the interplanetary magnetic field through the MPB into the magnetic pileup region. We find that the thickness of the MPB current layer is of the order of both the upstream (magnetosheath) solar wind proton inertial length and convective gyroradius. This study provides a high‐resolution view of one of the components of the current system around Mars reported in recent works.
Thermal Effects on Flow and Salinity Distributions in Coastal Confined Aquifers
Authors: Pu Li , Xin Pei , Nguyen Thuy T. M. , Yu Xiayang , Li Ling , Barry D. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoastal aquifers provide an important hydrologic connection between terrestrial freshwater and oceanic seawater. Understanding the water flow and salinity distributions in those aquifers is essential to manage seawater intrusion and regional groundwater resources. For the last 50 yr, these processes have been extensively examined; however, previous studies typically assumed isothermal conditions and overlooked groundwater‐seawater temperature contrasts, as commonly found along the global coastline. Here, we validated a solute and heat transport model against laboratory experiments and then revisited the classical Henry problem for coastal confined aquifers. We found that as the seawater temperature increases or freshwater temperature decreases, the freshwater‐seawater interface retreats seaward and thus the freshwater storage increases. This occurs as a result of temperature‐induced changes to the fluid density and aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, double diffusion of salt and heat can induce two circulation cells in opposing directions in the saltwater wedge once the seawater temperature exceeds that of groundwater by a certain extent. Consequently, the circulating seawater flux and associated travel time change dramatically compared with isotheral conditions. Overall, the effect of thermal forcing can be significant, as demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis considering a large range of groundwater‐seawater temperature contrasts. These results highlight the impact of changing thermal regimes on the flow and salinity distributions in coastal confined aquifers and provide guidance for better assessment of water resources in coastal zones.
Bark beetle outbreak enhances biodiversity and foraging habitat of native bees in alpine landscapes of the southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Davis Thomas Seth , Rhoades Paul R. , Mann Andrew J. , Griswold Terry 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLandscape-scale bark beetle outbreaks alter forest structure with direct and indirect effects on plants and animals in forest ecosystems. Using alpine spruce forest and a native bee community as a study system, we tested how tree mortality from bark beetles impacts bee foraging habitats and populations. Bees were collected across the growing season (early-, middle-, and late-season) for two years using passive trapping methods, and collections were used to analyze patterns in species abundances and diversity. Three important findings emerged: (1) forest stands that were post-outbreak had 62% higher floral density and 68% more floral species during peak bloom, respectively, than non-affected stands; (2) bee captures were highest early-season (June) and were not strongly affected by bark beetle outbreak; however, mean number of bee species and Shannon–Weiner diversity were significantly higher in post-outbreak stands and this effect was pronounced early in the growing season. Corresponding analysis of β-diversity indicated higher accumulation of bee biodiversity in post-outbreak stands and a turnover in the ratio of Bombus: Osmia; (3) bee captures were linked to variation in foraging habitat, but number of bee species and diversity were more strongly predicted by forest structure. Our results provide evidence of increased alpine bee biodiversity in post-outbreak stands and increased availability of floral resources. We conclude that large-scale disturbance from bark beetle outbreaks may drive shifts in pollinator community composition through cascading effects on floral resources, mediated via mortality of overstory trees.
Magnetically-driven 2D cells organization on superparamagnetic micromagnets fabricated by laser direct writing
Authors: Paun I. A. , Mustaciosu C. C. , Mihailescu M. , Calin B. S. , Sandu A. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a proof of concept for magnetically-driven 2D cells organization on superparamagnetic micromagnets fabricated by laser direct writing via two photon polymerization (LDW via TPP) of a photopolymerizable superparamagnetic composite. The composite consisted of a commercially available, biocompatible photopolymer (Ormocore) mixed with 4 mg/mL superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The micromagnets were designed in the shape of squares with 70 µm lateral dimension. To minimize the role of topographical cues on the cellular attachment, we fabricated 2D microarrays similar with a chessboard: the superparamagnetic micromagnets alternated with non-magnetic areas of identical shape and lateral size as the micromagnets, made from Ormocore by LDW via TPP. The height difference between the superparamagnetic and non-magnetic areas was of ~ 6 µm. In the absence of a static magnetic field, MNPs-free fibroblasts attached uniformly on the entire 2D microarray, with no preference for the superparamagnetic or non-magnetic areas. Under a static magnetic field of 1.3 T, the fibroblasts attached exclusively on the superparamagnetic micromagnets, resulting a precise 2D cell organization on the chessboard-like microarray. The described method has significant potential for fabricating biocompatible micromagnets with well-defined geometries for building skin grafts adapted for optimum tissue integration, starting from single cell manipulation up to the engineering of whole tissues.
Association of secondhand smoke exposure with allergic multimorbidity in Korean adolescents
Authors: Lee Ahnna , Lee Sook Young , Lee Kang-Sook 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the health effect of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, school, and/or public places on allergic multimorbidity using nationwide data among school-attending adolescents in Korea. Allergic multimorbidity was defined as two or more coexisting allergic diagnoses of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and/or atopic dermatitis during the past 12 months. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of SHS exposure and allergic multimorbidity. Of the study participants, 24.3% were diagnosed as having any allergic disease currently and 66.3% reported SHS exposure. Any SHS exposure that includes public places conferred increased odds of atopic dermatitis in non-current smokers (adjusted odds ratio 1.21–1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.66). Moreover, when controlling for current smoking additionally, SHS exposure at the three sites was 1.37 and 1.96 times more likely to be associated with allergic single and multiple morbidities, respectively (95% CI 1.26–1.49 and 1.65–2.31, respectively). In conclusion, this study found positive associations of SHS exposure with single or multiple allergic morbidity compared to no exposure at all. Further studies with longitudinal designs and objective measurement of SHS exposure and allergic diagnosis are warranted.
Cry1C rice doesn’t affect the ecological fitness of rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens either under RDV stress or not
Authors: Chang Xuefei , Sun Linlin , Ning Duo , Dang Cong , Yao Hongwei , Fang Qi , Peng Yufa , Wang Fang , Ye Gongyin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential risks of Bt rice on non-target arthropods (NTAs) should be evaluated and defined before commercial production. Recently, effects of Bt rice on NTAs under abiotic and biotic stress conditions attracted much attention. Here we reported the effects of Bt rice T1C-19 (Cry1C rice) on the non-target herbivore, Nilaparvata lugens (rice brown planthopper, BPH) with or without RDV (rice dwarf virus) infection conditions. BPH showed no feeding and oviposition preference between Bt rice T1C-19 and its non-Bt parental rice Minghui 63 (MH63), as well as between RDV-infected and RDV-free rice plants. Meanwhile, rice type, RDV infection status, and their interaction had little impacts on the survival, development and fecundity of BPH. By comparison with non-Bt control, Bt rice T1C-19 with or without RDV infection had no significant effects on the life-table parameters of BPH including rm, R0, T, DT and λ. Thus, it could be concluded that Bt rice T1C-19 doesn’t affect the ecological fitness of BPH either under RDV stress or not.
Small intestine resection increases oxalate and citrate transporter expression and calcium oxalate crystal formation in rat hyperoxaluric kidneys
Authors: Tseng Yi-Shiou , Wu Wen-Bin , Chen Yun , Lo Yang Feili , Ma Ming-Chieh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Short bowel (SB) increases the risk of kidney stones. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we examined how SB affected renal oxalate and citrate handlings for in vivo hyperoxaluric rats and in vitro tubular cells. SB was induced by small intestine resection in male Wistar rats. Sham-operated controls had no resection. After 7 days of recovery, the rats were divided into control, SB (both fed with distilled water), ethylene glycol (EG), and SB+EG (both fed with 0.75% EG for hyperoxaluric induction) groups for 28 days. We collected the plasma, 24 h of urine, kidney, and intestine tissues for analysis. Hypocitraturia was found and persisted up to 28 days for the SB group. Hypocalcemia and high plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were found in the 28-day SB rats. SB aggravated EG-mediated oxalate nephropathy by fostering hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia, and increasing the degree of supersaturation and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition. These effects were associated with renal up-regulations of the oxalate transporter solute carrier family 26 (Slc26)a6 and citrate transporter sodium-dependent dicarboxylate cotransporter-1 (NaDC-1) but not Slc26a2. The effects of PTH on the SB kidneys were then examined in NRK-52E tubular cells. Recombinant PTH attenuated oxalate-mediated cell injury and up-regulated NaDC-1 via protein kinase A (PKA) activation. PTH, however, showed no additive effects on oxalate-induced Slc26a6 and NaDC-1 up-regulation. Together, these results demonstrated that renal NaDC-1 upregulation-induced hypocitraturia weakened the defense against Slc26a6-mediated hyperoxaluria in SB kidneys for excess CaOx crystal formation. Increased tubular NaDC-1 expression caused by SB relied on PTH.
Halonium Catalysis: An Underutilized and Underexplored Catalytic Concept in Olefin Functionalizations
Authors: Li Wei , Gembreska Nathan R. , Vogel Alexander K. , Ziegelmeyer Elizabeth C. , Cheng Eric , Wu Fan , Roberts Leo P. , Vesoulis Megan M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIodonium catalysis is described here to accomplish an intermolecular olefin oxyamination reaction. Urea is used as the O- and N-source to add across both activated and unactivated alkenes in a regioselective manner. Mechanistic studies confirm the presence of an iodonium intermediate.1	Introduction2	Hypothesis3	Optimizations and Scope4	Mechanistic Probes5	Future Outlook
Catalysis and regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated carbon bonds. Part III
Authors: Beletskaya Irina P. , Nájera Carmen , Yus Miguel 
Published: October 2020

The review addresses the possibility of obtaining Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov isomers in the reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons with organophosphorus and organosulfur compounds having P–H and S–H bonds using metal salts or complexes as catalysts.The bibliography includes 247 references.
Adhesion-GPCR Gpr116 (ADGRF5) expression inhibits renal acid secretion
Authors: Zaidman Nathan A. , Tomilin Viktor N. , Hassanzadeh Khayyat Naghmeh , Damarla Mahendra , Tidmore Josephine , Capen Diane E. , Brown Dennis , Pochynyuk Oleh M. , Pluznick Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Gpr116 is an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) that is highly expressed in the kidney. Here, we report that Gpr116 localizes to A-intercalated cells in the murine collecting duct, where it functions as a significant and critical regulator of renal acid secretion by regulating the surface expression of V-ATPase proton pumps. Kidney-specific Gpr116 knockout mice develop a unique acid-base disorder, “renal tubular alkalosis,” characterized by acidic urine and alkaline blood. These findings have significant implications for other tissues with Gpr116 expression, as well as other acid-secreting epithelia. Furthermore, we propose that Gpr116 may more generally regulate endocytosis, a function that would have wide-ranging implications for both Gpr116 function and for our understanding of aGPCRs.
Dynamically adjustable plasmon-induced transparency and switching application based on bilayer graphene metamaterials
Authors: Zhou Fengqi , Wang Yuqing , Zhang Xiao , Wang Jiawei , Liu Zhimin , Luo Xin , Zhang Zhenbin , Gao Enduo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A bilayer metamaterial composed of double graphene strips and square-ring graphene is proposed to realize plasmon induced transparency (PIT). The couple mode theory (CMT) is employed to explain the phenomenon of PIT, whose results are in good agreement with the simulation of the ﬁnite-difference time-domain. The dynamically adjustable PIT is investigated, where an on-to-off modulation composed of synchronous and asynchronous switching is realized by modulating the Fermi levels of graphene, the modulation degrees of amplitude are 67.5%, 86.1%, and 65.3%, respectively. The changes of transmission spectra are also studied by adjusting the coupling distance between double graphene strips and square-ring graphene, and the result shows that PIT is gradually disappeared with the increase of coupling distance and the decrease of coupling strength. Then, the corresponding relationships between dips of PIT and modes of CMT are described clearly, which are affected by the relative location between resonant points of the bright and dark modes.
A configuration design method for a redundant inertial navigation system based on diagnosability analysis
Authors: Li Baochen , Wang Huaiguang , Mu Liyuan , Shi Zhiyong , Du Binhan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Redundant design can improve the performance of an inertial navigation system, and the configuration is an important factor in determining the accuracy and reliability of the redundant inertial navigation system. As well as the sensor quantity and the reliability of single sensors, the reliability of the redundant inertial navigation system also depends on the capability of the fault diagnosis, which has been neglected in much of the previous research. This paper verifies that configurations designed using the previous method cannot maintain optimal performance in fault diagnosis. To optimize the performance in fault detection and isolation through the configuration design, an evaluation function for fault detectability and isolability is proposed based on Kullback–Leibler divergence. On this basis, the inherent diagnosability analysis method is proposed, and the configuration design method is developed with the analysis results. Simulation experiments prove that the proposed diagnosability analysis method can find the defects in the fault detection and isolation, and the diagnosability can be assessed correctly. Configurations designed using the proposed methodensure the optimal accuracy and reliability of the system, and effectively improve the fault diagnosis ability, too.
Engineering of the spin on dopant process on silicon on insulator substrate
Authors: Barri Chiara , Mafakheri Erfan , Fagiani Luca , Tavani Giulio , Barzaghi Andrea , Chrastina Daniel , Fedorov Alexey , Frigerio Jacopo , Lodari Mario , Scotognella Francesco , Arduca Elisa , Abbarchi Marco , Perego Michele , Bollani Monica 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report on a systematic analysis of phosphorus diffusion in silicon on insulator thin film via spin-on-dopant process (SOD). This method is used to provide an impurity source for semiconductor junction fabrication. The dopant is first spread into the substrate via SOD and then diffused by a rapid thermal annealing process. The dopant concentration and electron mobility were characterized at room and low temperature by four-probe and Hall bar electrical measurements. Time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy was performed to estimate the diffusion profile of phosphorus for different annealing treatments. We find that a high phosphorous concentration (greater than 1020 atoms cm−3) with a limited diffusion of other chemical species and allowing to tune the electrical properties via annealing at high temperature for short time. The ease of implementation of the process, the low cost of the technique, the possibility to dope selectively and the uniform doping manufactured with statistical process control show that the methodology applied is very promising as an alternative to the conventional doping methods for the implementation of optoelectronic devices.
Impact of Mg level on lattice relaxation in a p-AlGaN hole source layer and attempting excimer laser annealing on p-AlGaN HSL of UVB emitters
Authors: Khan M Ajmal , Bermundo Juan Paolo , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Ikenoue Hiroshi , Fujikawa Sachie , Matsuura Eriko , Kashima Yukio , Maeda Noritoshi , Jo Masafumi , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mg-doped p-type semiconducting aluminium-gallium-nitride hole source layer (p-AlGaN HSL) materials are quite promising as a source of hole ‘p’ carriers for the ultraviolet-B (UVB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs). However, the p-AlGaN HSL has a central issue of low hole injection due to poor activation of Mg atoms, and the presence of unwanted impurity contamination and the existence of a localized coherent state. Therefore, first the impact of the Mg level on the crystallinity, Al composition and relaxation conditions in the p-AlGaN HSL were studied. An increasing trend in the lattice-relaxation ratios with increasing Mg concentrations in the p-AlGaN HSL were observed. Ultimately, a 40%–60% relaxed and 1.4 μm thick p-AlGaN HSL structure with total threading dislocation densities (total-TDDs) of approximately ∼8–9 × 108 cm−2 was achieved, which almost matches our previous design of a 4 μm thick and 50% relaxed n-AlGaN electron source layer (ESL) with total-TDDs of approximately ∼7–8 × 108 cm−2. Subsequently, structurally a symmetric p–n junction for UVB emitters was accomplished. Finally, the influence of excimer laser annealing (ELA) on the activation of Mg concentration and on suppression of unwanted impurities as well as on the annihilation of the localized energy state in the p-AlGaN HSL were thoroughly investigated. ELA treatment suggested a reduced Ga–N bonding ratio and increased Ga–O, as well as Ga–Ga bonding ratios in the p-AlGaN HSL. After ELA treatment the localized coherent state was suppressed and, ultimately, the photoluminescence emission efficiency as well as conductivity were drastically improved in the p-AlGaN HSL. By using lightly polarized p-AlGaN HSL assisted by ELA treatment, quite low resistivity in p-type AlGaN HSL at room temperature (hole concentration is ∼2.6 × 1016 cm−3, the hole mobility is ∼9.6 cm2 V1 s−1 and the resistivity is ∼24.39 Ω. cm) were reported. ELA treatment has great potential for localized activation of p-AlGaN HSL as well as n- and p-electrodes on n-AlGaN and p-AlGaN contact layers during the flip-chip (FC) process in low operating UVB emitters, including UVB lasers.
Friction force reduction for electrical terminals using graphene coating
Authors: Zhang Suki N , Arfaei Babak , Chen Zhihong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Multi-layer graphene, serving as a conductive solid lubricant, is coated on the metal surface of electrical terminals. This graphene layer reduces the wear and the friction between two sliding metal surfaces while maintaining the same level of electrical conduction when a pair of terminals engage. The friction between the metal surfaces was tested under dry sliding in a cyclical insertion process with and without the graphene coating. Comprehensive characterizations were performed on the terminals to examine the insertion effects on graphene using scanning electron microscopy, four-probe resistance characterization, lateral force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. With the thin graphene layers grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on gold (Au) and silver (Ag) terminals, the insertional forces can be reduced by 74 % and 34 % after the first cycle and 79 % and 32 % after the 10th cycle of terminal engagement compared with pristine Au and Ag terminals. The resistance of engaged terminals remains almost unchanged with the graphene coating. Graphene stays on the terminals to prevent wear-out during the cyclic insertional process and survives the industrial standardized reliability test through high humidity and thermal cycling with almost no change.
Electrical transport measurements for superconducting sulfur hydrides using boron-doped diamond electrodes on beveled diamond anvil
Authors: Matsumoto Ryo , Einaga Mari , Adachi Shintaro , Yamamoto Sayaka , Irifune Tetsuo , Terashima Kensei , Takeya Hiroyuki , Nakamoto Yuki , Shimizu Katsuya , Takano Yoshihiko 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A diamond anvil cell (DAC) has become an effective tool for investigating physical phenomena that occur at extremely high pressure, such as high-transition temperature superconductivity. Electrical transport measurements, which are used to characterize one of the most important properties of superconducting materials, are difficult to perform using conventional DACs. The available sample space in conventional DACs is very small and there is an added risk of electrode deformation under extreme operating conditions. To overcome these limitations, we herein report the fabrication of a boron-doped diamond microelectrode and undoped diamond insulation on a beveled culet surface of a diamond anvil. Using the newly developed DAC, we have performed in-situ electrical transport measurements on sulfur hydride H2S, which is a well-known precursor of the pressure-induced, high-transition temperature superconducting sulfur hydride, H3S. These measurements conducted under high pressures up to 192 GPa, indicated the presence of a multi-step superconducting transition, which we have attributed to elemental sulfur and possibly HS2.