bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the reliability of highly magnified micrographs for structural analysis in materials science
Authors: Wortmann Martin , Layland Ashley Stephen , Frese Natalie , Kahmann Uwe , Grothe Timo , Storck Jan Lukas , Blachowicz Tomasz , Grzybowski Jacek , Hüsgen Bruno , Ehrmann Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly magnified micrographs are part of the majority of publications in materials science and related fields. They are often the basis for discussions and far-reaching conclusions on the nature of the specimen. In many cases, reviewers demand and researchers deliver only the bare minimum of micrographs to substantiate the research hypothesis at hand. In this work, we use heterogeneous poly(acrylonitrile) nanofiber nonwovens with embedded nanoparticles to demonstrate how an insufficient or biased micrograph selection may lead to erroneous conclusions. Different micrographs taken by transmission electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy with sometimes contradictory implications were analyzed and used as a basis for micromagnetic simulations. With this, we try to raise awareness for the possible consequences of cherry-picking for the reliability of scientific literature.
Effect of heterogeneity on failure of natural rock samples
Authors: Alzaki Taqi , Al-Dughaimi Saud , Muqtadir Arqam , Kandil Mohamed E. , Dvorkin Jack 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA carbonate sample extracted from the depth of about 10 kft was subjected to uniaxial loading while the confining stress remained constant. Post-experiment inspection of the sample showed an inclined crack at an angle less than 20° to the horizontal. This subhorizontal crack orientation was contrary to the expected 45° inclination, the plane of the maximum shear stress. Coincidentally, as shown by CT-scan prior to loading, there was a boundary between two layers of different density inside the sample located almost exactly where the crack appeared. This density difference has arguably translated into the contrast in the elastic properties at the boundary. The hypothesis is that because of this elastic heterogeneity, an incipient crack developed at the boundary due to the unavoidable tensile stressing of the sample as it was brought to the benchtop from its original state of high confining stress at depth. Controlled uniaxial compression made the sample slip along this crack, which then developed into a prominent feature. This assumption was corroborated by a numerical experiment showing a strong von Mises stress concentration at the elastic contrast boundary during hydrostatic tensile loading. Another sample, from the same formation, but without strong density heterogeneity, exhibited a classic 45° crack after uniaxial loading. These results provide a novel and important insight into the mechanics, breakage, and strength of natural rock.
Characterization of quantum and classical correlations in the Earth’s curved space-time
Authors: Liu Tonghua , Cao Shuo , Wu Shumin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe preparation of quantum systems and the execution of quantum information tasks between distant users are always affected by gravitational and relativistic effects. In this work, we quantitatively analyze how the curved space-time background of the Earth affects the classical and quantum correlations between photon pairs that are initially prepared in a two-mode squeezed state. More specifically, considering the rotation of the Earth, the space-time around the Earth is described by the Kerr metric. Our results show that these state correlations, which initially increase for a specific range of satellite’s orbital altitude, will gradually approach a finite value with increasing height of satellite’s orbit (when the special relativistic effects become relevant). More importantly, our analysis demonstrates that the changes of correlations generated by the total gravitational frequency shift could reach the level of $$<0.5\%$$

<
0.5
%

within the satellite’s height at geostationary Earth orbits.
Delta-shaped gastroduodenostomy using a robotic stapler in reduced-port totally robotic gastrectomy: its safety and efficiency compared with conventional anastomosis techniques
Authors: Kim Ji Su , Batajoo Hemant , Son Taeil , Choi Seohee , Seo Won Jun , Cho Minah , Kim Yoo Min , Lee Joong Ho , Kim Hyoung-Il , Hyung Woo Jin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo investigate the safety and efficiency of using robotic staplers for intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy in reduced-port robotic gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent totally robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy with intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy. Gastroduodenostomy using the ENDOWRIST robotic stapler (RR) was compared to that using an endolinear stapler during robotic gastrectomy (RE) and to that using an endolinear stapler during laparoscopic gastrectomy (LE). A total of 296 patients underwent gastroduodenostomy: 58, 28, and 210 patients with RR, RE, and LE, respectively. There were no conversions to other methods, and all robotic stapling procedures were performed on the console without receiving additional assistance from a bedside surgeon during RR. Comparing the operative outcomes of RR with those of RE and LE, respectively, we noted similar postoperative short-term outcomes. There were no major complications, including anastomosis-related complications, during the postoperative period after RR. The median reconstruction time during RR was 8 min and 45 s, which was similar to that during RE (8 min, 5 s [P > 0.9999]), but longer than that during LE (6 min, 30 s [P < 0.0001]). Intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy using the robotic stapler during robotic gastrectomy could be safely and feasibly performed on the console without the assistance of assistant, bedside surgeons.
One- and two-point source statistics from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey first data release
Authors: Siewert T. M. , Hale C. , Bhardwaj N. , Biermann M. , Bacon D. J. , Jarvis M. , Röttgering H. J .A. , Schwarz D. J. , Shimwell T. , Best P. N. , Duncan K. J. , Hardcastle M. J. , Sabater J. , Tasse C. , White G. J. , Williams W. L. 
Published: September 2020

Context.The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) will eventually map the complete Northern sky and provide an excellent opportunity to study the distribution and evolution of the large-scale structure of the Universe.Aims.We test the quality of LoTSS observations through a statistical comparison of the LoTSS first data release (DR1) catalogues to expectations from the established cosmological model of a statistically isotropic and homogeneous Universe.Methods.We study the point-source completeness and define several quality cuts, in order to determine the count-in-cell statistics and differential source count statistics, and measure the angular two-point correlation function. We use the photometric redshift estimates, which are available for about half of the LoTSS-DR1 radio sources, to compare the clustering throughout the history of the Universe.Results.For the masked LoTSS-DR1 value-added source catalogue, we find a point-source completeness of 99% above flux densities of 0.8 mJy. The counts-in-cell statistic reveals that the distribution of radio sources cannot be described by a spatial Poisson process. Instead, a good fit is provided by a compound Poisson distribution. The differential source counts are in good agreement with previous findings in deep fields at low radio frequencies and with simulated catalogues from the SKA Design Study and the Tiered Radio Extragalactic Continuum Simulation. Restricting the value added source catalogue to low-noise regions and applying a flux density threshold of 2 mJy provides our most reliable estimate of the angular two-point correlation. Based on the distribution of photometric redshifts and thePlanck2018 best-fit cosmological model, the theoretically predicted angular two-point correlation between 0.1 deg and 6 deg agrees reasonably well with the measured clustering for the sub-sample of radio sources with redshift information.Conclusions.The deviation from a Poissonian distribution might be a consequence of the multi-component nature of a large number of resolved radio sources and/or of uncertainties on the flux density calibration. The angular two-point correlation function is < 10−2at angular scales > 1 deg and up to the largest scales probed. At a 2 mJy flux density threshold and at a pivot angle of 1 deg, we find a clustering amplitude ofA = (5.1 ± 0.6) × 10−3with a slope parameter ofγ = 0.74 ± 0.16. For smaller flux density thresholds, systematic issues are identified, which are most likely related to the flux density calibration of the individual pointings. We conclude that we find agreement with the expectation of large-scale statistical isotropy of the radio sky at the per cent level. The angular two-point correlation agrees well with the expectation of the cosmological standard model.
Virtual Reality (VR) in der Nephrologie
Authors: Zgoura Panagiota , Kantzow Boris , Westhoff Timm H. 
Published: September 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie virtuelle Realität (VR) hat in den letzten Jahren immer mehr Einzug in die Welt der Medizin gehalten. Projekte für den Fachbereich der Nephrologie sind noch rar. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag unsere 3 Programme vor: Erstens haben wir ein VR-Trainingsprogramm für das Erlernen der Peritonealdialyse konzipiert und an Probanden getestet. Hiermit können Patienten alle dafür notwendigen Schritte virtuell erlernen. Die Vorbereitung am Simulator stellt den Schritt vor dem eigentlichen Training mit einer Fachkraft dar. Zweitens haben wir ein VR-Trainingsprogramm für den Aufbau eines Hämodialysegerätes erstellt, die hauptsächlich für das Dialysefachpersonal interessant sein wird. Drittens entwickeln wir derzeit ein Aufklärungsvideo über die unterschiedlichen Nierenersatztherapien, in dem eingestreute VR-Anteile die Methoden dem Nutzer reell nahebringen sollen. In einer virtuellen Kulisse eingebettet geht man durch den Vorgang der Hämodialyse, der Peritonealdialyse und der Nierentransplantation durch.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in critically ill patients is safe and effective when performed in the endoscopy suite
Authors: Farina Domenico A. , Komanduri Srinadh , Aadam A. Aziz , Keswani Rajesh N. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Critically ill patients may require endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) but performing ERCP in the intensive care unit (ICU) poses logistic and technical challenges. There are no data on ICU patients undergoing ERCP in the endoscopy suite. The primary aim of this study was to report outcomes, including safety, when ERCP in critically ill patients is performed in the endoscopy suite.
Patients and methods We queried our institutional endoscopy database to identify all ICU patients who underwent ERCP at a single academic medical center from 04/01/2010 to 11/30/2017. Only patients admitted to an ICU prior to ERCP were included.
Results Of 7,218 ERCPs performed during the study period, 260 ERCPs (3.6 %) were performed in 231 ICU patients (mean age 61y; 53 % male); nearly all ICU patient ERCPs (n = 258; 99 %) occurred in the endoscopy suite. ERCP indications included cholangitis (50 %), post-liver transplant cholestasis (15 %), and bile leak (10 %). All ERCPs were performed with anesthesiology, most with general anesthesia (60 %) and in the prone position (60 %). Most patients (73 %) had sepsis. Prior to ERCP, 17 % of patients required vasopressors; vasopressors were begun during ERCP in 4 %.The cannulation success rate was 95 % (94 % in native papillae). Adverse events occurred in 9 % (n = 23) of cases with post-ERCP pancreatitis most common. No patients died during or within 24 hours of ERCP. Mortality at 30 days was 16 %, all attributed to underlying disease.
Conclusions When advanced ventilatory and hemodynamic support is available, critically ill patients can safely and effectively undergo ERCP in the endoscopy suite.
Patency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy in the treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Kastelijn Janine B. , Moons Leon M.G. , Garcia-Alonso Francisco J. , Pérez-Miranda Manuel , Masaryk Viliam , Will Uwe , Tarantino Ilaria , van Dullemen Hendrik M. , Bijlsma Rina , Poley Jan-Werner , Schwartz Matthijs P. , Vleggaar Frank P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is a novel, minimally invasive technique in the palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Several studies have demonstrated feasibility and safety of EUS-GE, but evidence on long-term durability is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate patency of EUS-GE in treatment of malignant GOO.
Patients and Methods An international multicenter study was performed in seven centers in four European countries. Patients who underwent EUS-GE with a LAMS between March 2015 and March 2019 for palliative treatment of symptomatic malignant GOO were included retrospectively. Our main outcome was recurrent obstruction due to LAMS dysfunction; other outcomes of interest were technical success, clinical success, adverse events (AEs), and survival.
Results A total of 45 patients (mean age 69.9 ± 12.3 years and 48.9 % male) were included. Median duration of follow-up was 59 days (interquartile range [IQR] 41–128). Recurrent obstruction occurred in two patients (6.1 %), after 33 and 283 days of follow-up. Technical success was achieved in 39 patients (86.7 %). Clinical success was achieved in 33 patients (73.3 %). AEs occurred in 12 patients (26.7 %), of which five were fatal. Median overall survival was 57 days (IQR 32–114).
Conclusions EUS-GE showed a low rate of recurrent obstruction. The relatively high number of fatal AEs underscores the importance of careful implementation of EUS-GE in clinical practice.
Feasibility of balloon endoscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the elderly
Authors: Hakuta Ryunosuke , Kogure Hirofumi , Nakai Yousuke , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Sato Tatsuya , Suzuki Yukari , Inokuma Akiyuki , Kanai Sachiko , Nakamura Tomoka , Noguchi Kensaku , Ishigaki Kazunaga , Saito Kei , Saito Tomotaka , Takahara Naminatsu , Mizuno Suguru , Yamada Atsuo , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for patients with surgically altered anatomy is challenging. Recently, balloon endoscopy has been shown to facilitate ERCP for this population with a high technical success rate, but adverse events (AEs) are not uncommon. Compared to non-elderly patients, elderly patients may be at higher risk of AEs due to underlying comorbidities. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of balloon endoscope-assisted ERCP (BE-ERCP) for the elderly.
Patients and methods We retrospectively identified patients who underwent BE-ERCP between January 2010 and September 2019. For patients who underwent multiple procedures during the study period, the first session was analyzed. Early AEs associated with BE-ERCP were compared between elderly (≥ 75 years) and non-elderly patients.
Results A total of 1,363 BE-ERCP procedures were performed, and 568 patients (211 elderly and 357 non-elderly) were included for the analyses. Technical success rates were high in both the elderly and non-elderly groups (80 % vs. 80 %, respectively). The rates of early AEs were similar between the groups (12 % vs. 9.0 % in the elderly and non-elderly group, respectively; P = 0.31). The mltivariable-adjusted odds ratio for early AEs comparing elderly to non-elderly patients was 1.36 (95 % confidence interval, 0.74–2.51; P = 0.32). Specifically, we did not observe between-group differences in rates of gastrointestinal perforation (2.4 % vs. 2.8 % in elderly and non-elderly groups, respectively; P = 0.99) and aspiration pneumonia (1.9 % vs. 0.6 %, P = 0.20).
Conclusions BE-ERCP is a feasible procedure for elderly individuals with surgically altered anatomy.
Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy and Massive Bleeding: Current Hemostatic Concepts and Treatment Strategies
Authors: Gratz Johannes , Oberladstätter Daniel , Schöchl Herbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHemorrhage after trauma remains a significant cause of preventable death. Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) at the time of hospital admission is associated with an impaired outcome. Rather than a universal phenotype, TIC represents a complex hemostatic disorder, and standard coagulation tests are not designed to adequately reflect the complexity of TIC. Viscoelastic testing (VET) has gained increasing interest for the characterization of TIC because it provides a more comprehensive depiction of the coagulation process. Thus, VET has been established as a point-of-care-available hemostatic monitoring tool in many trauma centers. Damage-control resuscitation and early administration of tranexamic acid provide the basis for treating TIC. To improve survival, ratio-driven massive transfusion protocols favoring early and high-dose plasma transfusion have been implemented in many trauma centers around the world. Although plasma contains all coagulation factors and inhibitors, only high-volume plasma transfusion allows for adequate substitution of lacking coagulation proteins. However, high-volume plasma transfusion has been associated with several relevant risks. In some European trauma facilities, a more individualized hemostatic therapy concept has been implemented. The hemostatic profile of the bleeding patient is evaluated by VET. Subsequently, goal-directed hemostatic therapy is primarily based on coagulation factor concentrates such as fibrinogen concentrate or prothrombin complex concentrate. However, a clear difference in survival benefit between these two treatment strategies has not yet been shown. This concise review aims to summarize current evidence for different diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in patients with TIC.
Renal Dysplasia and Precocious Diabetes Onset in Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Segovia-Ortí Raquel , Espinosa de los Monteros Aliaga Cano Natalia , Lumbreras Javier , Sotto-Esteban Diego de , Rodrigo María Dolores 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrocephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is a genetic syndrome. Its main characteristics are bony dysplasia, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, and cerebrovascular disease. Several other features have been added recently. We report an individual with MOPDII affected by congenital renal dysplasia and hyperosmolar coma diabetic onset. Renal dysplasia has not been previously described in individuals with MOPDII. By publishing cases of unusual genetic disorders, it will be possible to broaden the spectrum of these rare syndromes, and improve the diagnosis and management of comorbidities.
Affirmative and silent cyber coverage in traditional insurance policies: Qualitative content analysis of selected insurance products from the German insurance market
Authors: Wrede Dirk , Stegen Tino , Graf von der Schulenburg Johann-Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the design of affirmative and silent coverage in view of the cyber risks in traditional insurance policies for select product lines on the German market. Given the novelty and complexity of the topic and the insufficient coverage in the literature, we use two different sources. We analysed the general insurance terms and conditions of different traditional insurance lines using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis. Also, we conducted interviews with experts from the German insurance industry to evaluate how insurers understand their silent cyber exposures, and what measures they take to deal with this new exposure. The study shows a considerable cyber liability risk potential for insurers in the considered insurance lines. This arises from the affirmative as well as silent cover inclusions and exclusions for cyber risks, which result from imprecise wordings of insurance clauses and insufficient descriptions of the contractually specified scope of the insurance coverage.
Exposure to catastrophe risk and use of reinsurance: an empirical evaluation for the U.S.
Authors: Drexler Alejandro , Rosen Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReinsurance has long been used for tail risk protection. There is ample anecdotal information from practitioners about this dimension of reinsurance. The subject, however, remains largely unexplored in the academic literature given the lack of data about non-proportional reinsurance contracts. We develop a novel approach to measure the use of non-proportional reinsurance and use it to disentangle reinsurance used for catastrophe risk protection from reinsurance used for other motivations, for example regulatory capital relief. Our findings rely on a new measure of catastrophe risk that has strong explanatory power about insurers’ behaviour towards risk beyond what has been captured by existing measures.