bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN PERILAKU PADI	PADA PEMASARAN BERAS ORGANIK DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI
Authors: Yuniarti Dwi 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur dan perilaku pemasaran padi gabah organik di Kabupaten Boyolali. Metode dasar penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian diskriptif analitik. Responden penelitian merupakan lembaga pemasaran yang terdiri dari petani produsen padi organik dan pedagang padi organik. Responden penelitian terdiri dari 50 petani, 6 penggilingan padi umum, 2 pedagang pengumpul desa dan 1 koperasi. Tujuan ini dapat dicapai dengan menggunakan analisis pangsa pasar, konsentrasi pasar, Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) dan statistik deskriptif. Analisis jumlah penjual dan pembeli di pasar padi organik menunjukkan bahwa banyak penjual dan beberapa pembeli, responden merupakan anggota asosiasi pemasaran, ada kebebasan keluar masuk pasar, ada arus informasi pemasaran di pasar beras organik, penetapan harga beras organik ditentukan oleh pedagang/pembeli dengan dasar pada harga yang berlaku saat ini. Responden memperoleh informasi pemasaran dari perantara/pedagang. Struktur pasar beras organik ditemukan adalah oligopsoni. Perilaku responden antara lain mayoritas responden menjual padi segera setelah panen, responden bergantung pada pendanaan koperasi atau asosiasi pasar, penjual tidak berkolusi untuk menentukan harga, serta tidak mengiklankan hasil panen untuk dijual, dan mayoritas responden rutin menghadiri pelatihan tentang budidaya atau pemasaran padi.
Penerapan Model Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan sebagai Jaminan Perbaikan Kuantitas dan Kualitas Hasil Tanaman Pangan
Authors: Wihardjaka Anicetus 
Published: December 2020

Keberhasilan peningkatan produktivitas tanaman pangan yang diikuti dengan kelestarian lingkungan hidup merupakan prinsip penerapan sistem pertanian ramah lingkungan berkelanjutan. Berbagai sistem pertanian ramah lingkungan telah dikembangkan dengan berpedoman pada budidaya pertanian yang baik melalui sinergis antar komponen teknologi, antara lain pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, jajar legowo super, sistem integrasi tanaman-ternak bebas limbah, dan pengendalian organisme pengganggu tanaman secara terpadu. Melalui sinergi komponen teknologi secara terpadu, penerapan sistem pertanian ramah lingkungan memantapkan capaian produktivitas tanaman pangan, kualitas tanah terpelihara, dan emisi gas rumah kaca dapat tereduksi. Beberapa komponen teknologi yang mampu memberikan hasil tanaman tinggi, emisi gas rumah kaca rendah, dan rendah kontaminan antara lain pengairan berselang, penggunaan bahan organik matang (nisbah C/N rendah) dengan bantuan biodekomposer, pemupukan berimbang, pengendalian hama secara terpadu dengan mengandalkan pestisida nabati, jarak tanam legowo, dan varietas padi unggul rendah emisi. Melalui pengelolaan tanaman terpadu, hasil padi sawah dapat meningkat hingga 47%, pendapatan petani meningkat 29-76%, dan emisi GRK turun sekitar 18-26%.
Efektivitas Kompos Limbah Jagung Menggunakan Dekomposer Bakteri dan Cendawan pada Tanaman Jagung
Authors: Pate Faesal 
Published: December 2020

Utilization of maize waste as the organic matter sources in agricultural land couldn’t be directly applied, caused by late decomposition prosess. An effort to accelerate of maize waste decomposting needed bioactivator. The research was conducted in green house and Bajeng Research Intallation from March to August 2015. The research was arranged in randomized block design using isolate bacteria and fungus just one or theier combining ie: three bacteria (B7.1,E7.7and E7.11), three fungus (M7, O5, P7), and four bacteria-fungus combining(B7.1+O5, B7.1+M7, E7.7+P7, B7.1+E7.7+O5), EM4 and N,P,K fertilizer(200,45,60) ha-1as the check treatment. Just one isolate fertilized by 75 percent N,P,K while combine isolate fertilized by 50 percent N,P,K recommended. The results indicated that just one decomposer E7.7 produced high enouugh grain yield not siqnificantly different by N,P,K (200,45,60) and five other just one treatment (E7.11,B7.1,M7 and O5), however siqnificantly different with combining decomposer (B7.1+O5, E7.11+M7, E7.7+P7, B7.1+E7.7+O5 and EM4). This mean that using stalk plus leaf waste maize compost could be subtitution in organic fertilizer untill 25 percent. Meanwhile combining decomposer was good enough for composting stalk and leaf of maize waste ie. isolate B7.1+O5 and E7.7+P7 although not significntly different with the other combine isolate including EM4. Thise case related by applied 50 percent N,P,K inorganic recommended fertilizer did not sufficient to supporting maize nutrient.Key Words: Decomposer, Bacteria, Fungus, Composting,Maize waste
MEDIA QUIZIZZ SEBAGAI APLIKASI EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN KELAS VI DI SDN GUNTUR KOTA CIREBON
Authors: Pusparani Herlina 
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe quizizz application as a learning evaluation application for 6th grade SDN Guntur Cirebon City and improve learning evaluation results through quizizz as a fun learning application. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles with two learning meetings in each cycle. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Every meeting, students work on learning evaluations through quizziz. The subjects of this study were 32 students of class VI A SDN Guntur, Cirebon City. The results of this study indicate that quizizz is one of the learning media for learning evaluation activities. Quizizz is an online application that can be accessed via a computer, laptop or smartphone. The advantage of this application is that it can use images, sounds, and animations. There is an interaction when students work on learning evaluations, so that students feel motivated to do the evaluation and feel happy. Students can improve their learning outcomes as indicated by the increase in quizizz results. In the first cycle of the first meeting, the number of students who completed was 37.5%. This result increased in the first cycle of the second meeting to 62.5%. In the second cycle of the first meeting, completeness reached 87.5%, and in the second cycle of the second meeting, completeness reached 100%. All students can achieve completeness in the evaluation of learning because students are increasingly motivated to be able to do quizzes, so that students' understanding of the material increases. This causes the learning outcomes of students to increase. Keywords: learning evaluation, media, quizizz
Keterampilan Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Manajer dalam Perspektif Kepemimpinan Alkitabiah
Authors: Darmawan I Putu Ayub , Diana Ruat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Skills are part of the competencies that must continue to be built by leaders, including principals. To be a good leader, values are needed in order to be able to hold onto. Christian leadership values ​​based on the Bible need to be presented to enrich the scientific treasures of Christian education. The author conducted a library research to discuss the topic of principals' skills in the perspective of Christian leadership. In carrying out their duties as leaders, principals need to have conceptual skills as seen in the example of leaders in the Bible. Then the principal must also have human skills because based on the value of Christianity, a Christian leader does not carry out his leadership with an iron fist but rather pay attention to human values. Managerial skills are also an important component in the principal's function as a manager. These skills are basic skills that must also be possessed starting from planning, organizing, moving, and controlling.

Keywords: Skill, Function, Principal, Manager, Christian Leadership

Abstrak: Keterampilan merupakan bagian dari kompetensi yang terus harus dibangun oleh pemimpin, termasuk kepala sekolah. Untuk menjadi pemimpin yang baik diperlukan nilai-nilai yang dianut agar dapat menjadi pegangan. Nilai-nilai kepemimpinan Kristen yang berlandaskan Alkitab perlu disajikan untuk memperkaya khazanah keilmuan pendidikan Kristen. Penulis melakukan penelitian pustaka untuk membahas topik keterampilan kepala sekolah dalam perspektif kepemimpinan Kristen. Dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai pemimpin, kepala sekolah perlu memiliki keterampilan konseptual sebagaimana tampak dalam contoh pemimpin dalam Alkitab. Kemudian kepala sekolah juga harus memiliki keterampilan manusiawi karena berdasarkan nilai kekristenan, seorang pemimpin Kristen tidak menjalankan kepemimpinannya dengan tangan besi melainkan memperhatikan nilai kemanusiaan. Keterampilan manajerial juga merupakan komponen penting dalam fungsi kepala sekolah sebagai manajer. Keterampilan ini adalah keterampilan dasar yang juga harus dimiliki mulai dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengerakan, dan pengawasan.

Kata kunci: Keterampilan, Fungsi, Kepala Sekolah, Manajer, Kepemimpinan Kristen
A 50 años del servicio de aborto feminista de Jane en Chicago
Authors: Drovetta Raquel Irene 
Published: December 2020

Este trabajo se propone recuperar, reunir, y analizar documentos sobre la organización de mujeres de Chicago, conocidas como Jane, quienes llevaron adelante un servicio de aborto clandestino, entre 1969 y 1973.
Elaboramos una reconstrucción histórica de los aspectos centrales de la experiencia con el objetivo de mostrar las estrategias que desarrollaron para para implementar el servicio, aun sin contar con instrucción formal en medicina.
Se consultaron archivos conformado por materiales producidos por la organización y entrevistas de ex integrantes del grupo, disponibles en el marco del proyecto de archivo documental HerStory de Chicago Women's Liberation Union. Este procedimiento de trabajo con fuentes fue complementado, por datos secundarios obtenidos a partir de artículos de divulgación, periódicos y filmes, y en publicaciones científicas producidas en las últimas cuatro décadas.
Entre las conclusiones centrales destacamos la centralidad que ocupó para la organización Jane la lucha por el aborto libre y la importancia otorgada al modo de atención de las mujeres basado en una praxis feminista. Remarcamos que se trata de demandas con notable vigencia en el contexto latinoamericano actual.
Are Checking Accounts in American Banks Permissible Under Islamic Laws?
Authors: Darrat Ail F. 
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this note is to stimulate the thought of Muslim scholarsabout a neglected aspect of American banking business. namely thepayment of interest on demand deposits (checking accounts).Demand deposits represent funds that commercial banks use toextend loans to the public and purchase interest-bearing securities. Therevenues from these activities are a major source of income forcommercial banks. Consequently, fierce competition exists amongbanks to attract such funds: However, competition for these fonds. untilrecently, could not take the form of an explicit interest rate because theAmerican banking laws prohibit the payments of explicit interest rateson demand deposits .. Existing laws have relaxed this prohibition forsome forms of demand deposits (e.g. Negotiable Orders of WitndrawalsNOW accounts), though the prohibition still holds in the case of what iscommonly called in the banking jargon regular checking accounts, i.e ..checking accounts that do not explicitly yield interest to the holders.Because of the intensity of competition among commercial banks toattract public deposits. and in the presense of the legal prohibitionagainst explicit interest payments on regular checking accounts bankshave devised alternative outlets to compete for the checking accountsfunds. Perhaps the most obvious alternative is for a bank to reduce (orremit) charges to depositors for the use of bank payments services belowthe cost to the bank of providing those services. Others take the form offor example, providing a wide range of cash management services atvery nominal fees and occasional gifts. In economic literature these arecalled implicit interest rates, and many recent empirical studies haveestablished the fact that commercial hanks in the U.S. do in fact pay highimplicit interest rates on non-interest bearing demand deposits ofapproximately equal value to the rate which would be explicitly paid inthe abscence of the legal prohibition ...
Health and Healing In The Qur’an
Authors: Elkadi Ahmed 
Published: December 2020

“We reveal from the Qur’an that which is healing and a mercy for the believers” Qur’an 17:82
This statement is a statement of fact, declared in the Qur’an and confirmedby the sayings and practices of Prophet Muhammad, (SAAS) The healing effectof the Qur’an is not limited to the ills of the society and the world. Itextends to the human being and contributes to his physical and mental healthand well-being. This question is: How does the Qur’an heal? and how doesit promote health and well-being?The Qur’an achieves its healing and health promoting effect by utilizingthree different approaches: the legal approach, the guiding approach, and thedirect healing approach. The legal approach is through the provision of legislationprohibiting matters which are hazardous to health and enjoining matterswhich promote health. This legislation has a direct impact on the health ofthe individual. The guiding approach is through the provision of general rulesand regulations which guide the individual in the conduct of his or her dailyaffairs. This guidance has an indirect positive effect on the health and wellbeingof the individual. The third approach is through the direct healing effectof the Qur’an on the various organs of the human body.The first two approaches, the legislation and guidance have been very muchknown and well understood for years, although some new discoveries haveadded an exciting twist in our understanding in these areas. The third approach,however, or the direct healing effect of the Qur‘an on the organs ofthe human body is a completely new field of discovery where many new excitingfacts are just beginning to emerge and come closer to the level of ourunderstanding. Let us review these three approaches in some detail:I Legislation:A few examples of health promoting legislation will be given just to make ...
New Horizons in Muslim Education
Authors: Ahmed Akbar S. 
Published: December 2020

New Horizons in Muslim EducationS. A. AshrafThe Concept of an Islamic UniversityH. H. Bilgrami and S. A. AshrafIslamic Sociology: An IntroductionI. Ba-Yunus and F Ahmad
The three small -average 100 pages -introductory books under review forma piece and are the first volley from the Islamic Academy at Cambridge. TheAcademy’s Islamic Monograph Series is attractively produced and easy to read.The guiding genius of the Academy is Professor S. A. Ashraf. He was alsoone of the key figures, as organizing secretary, of the First World Conferenceon Muslim Education in Makkah in 1977. That Conference greatly acceleratedthe present trend in Islamic scholarship. Today we hear of Islamic Economics,Islamic Sociology and so on as one result (see my Towards Islamic Anthropology:definition, dogma and directions published by the InternationalInstitute of Islamic Thought and Defining Islamic Anthropology in the RoyalAnthropological Institute News, London.)The two books on education are linked by the authorship and ideas of ProfessorAshraf. In the one on education he clearly plans out an Islamic syllabi,training courses (for both students and teachers) and conferences.Islamic scholarship rests on the following assumptions: “Firstly, the Islamicconcept of Man has the width and range no other concept of Man has. AsMan can become Khalifatullah by cultivating or realizing within himself theattributes of God [strictly at the human level] and as these attributes havea limitless dimension, Man’s moral, spiritual and intellectual progress is potentiallylimitless. Secondly, as knowledge is the source of this progress anddevelopment, Islam does not put any bar to the acquisition of knowledge.Thirdly, the range of this acquisition must be all by acquiring intellectual expertisebecause in isolation a person cannot maintain a baland growth. Fourthly,the spiritual, moral, intellectual, imaginative, emotional and physicalaspects of man’s personality are kept in view in establishing the interrelationshipamong the disciplines., Fifthly, the development of personality is seenin the context of Man’s relationship with God, Man and Nature. Thereforethe organization of disciplines and arrangement of subjects are planned withreference to Man as an individual, Man as a social being and Man as a beingwho has to live in harmony with Nature.” (Ashraf, page 5) ...
Toward Islamic Anthropology
Authors: Young William C. 
Published: December 2020

In his short book, Toward Islamic Anthropology, Akbar Ahmed addresses two scholarly communities: anthropologists, whose training is based, as he says, on the study of classic sociological works by Western Europeans, and educated Muslim readers whose view of society is based on their study of the Qur'an and classic works in Islamic jurisprudence and philosophy. Being a member of both communities himself, Professor Ahmed is sensitive to the issues that they face. He makes a sincere plea for dialogue between these two communities and puts forward some intriguing recommendations for resolving the disputes that divide them.
Ahmed begins with a discussion of "the science of anthropology." This serves as an exposition of his views on the subject and as a general introduction to anthropology for those readers who are unfamiliar with it. His epistemological position, that anthropology is "a branch of empirical, observational science" (p. 14) which seeks "regularities or general laws" (p. 15) is both sensible and in harmony with the rational Islamic philosophical traditions. In fact, Ahmed argues that "If anthropology is a science . . . using ... data collected, for value-neutral, dispassionate analysis ... then [the Muslim scholar] al Biruni [973-1048 A.C.] is indeed an anthropologist." (p. 56) The philosophical realism of both earlier Muslim scholarship and Ahmed's book, which affirms that the social and cultural facts under study have an objective reality, contrasts with the position adopted by "postmodern" ethnologists. Such writers seem to believe that "the ethnographer, like the native, constructs reality" and cast doubt in a nihilistic way on "the reality of ethnography's project altogether." Ahmed's position, then, is not only acceptable to Muslims but is also a much-needed reaffirmation of the scientific ...
O ALTEAMENTO VOCÁLICO /o/~ [u] EM POSIÇÃO PRETÔNICA NA ZONA RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE BAIÃO PARÁ
Authors: Furtado Raquel Maria da Silva Costa , Lemos Natane Gaia da Silva 
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho trata sobre o fenômeno de alteamento vocálico da média alta posterior /o/ em posição pretônica no português falado na zona rural do município de Baião-PA. Objetiva analisar o papel de fatores linguísticos e sociais (sexo, faixa etária e escolaridade) na motivação do comportamento variável de /o/ ~ [u]. O corpus da pesquisa envolve uma amostra de 12 participantes, estratificados por: faixa etária (de 15 a 25 anos, 25 a 45 anos, e acima de 46 anos); sexo (masculino e feminino); e escolaridade (Ensino Fundamental e Superior). Dos 12 falantes obtivemos um total de 400 dados de fala, os quais foram tratados no Goldvarb X, e analisados de acordo com os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (Weinreich; Labov; Herzog, 2006). Os resultados apontaram o alteamento de /o/ como variante de menor ocorrência na fala dos baionenses, com baixa frequência de uso, 33% e peso relativo 0.32, e a manutenção de /o/ como [o] como variante de maior ocorrência, 67% de ocorrência e 0.63 de peso relativo. Observou-se, então, que /o/ pretônico tem mais probabilidade de altear para [u] quando: a) diante de uma vogal alta imediata /i, u/, com de peso relativo 0.92; b) precedido de consoantes bilabial, 0.64; c) em palavras com sufixo sem vogal alta, peso relativo de 0.51; d) em vocábulos pertencentes a classe dos nomes 0.56; e e) precedendo imediatamente sílabas tônicas (distância 1), peso relativo de 0.61. Em relação aos traços sociais dos falantes, o fenômeno de alteamento apresentou maior recursividade na fala dos homens, com 0.58 de peso relativo; falantes com Ensino Fundamental, 0.68, e com mais de 46 anos de idade, 0.63 de peso relativo. Concluiu-se, então, que a variação linguística /o/ ~ [u], embora seja frequente e estratificada, não é a variante de maior ocorrência na fala dos moradores da zona rural de Baião.

Palavras-chave: Vogal média pretônica. Variação linguística. Alteamento vocálico.
Підвищення надійності елементів системи «водій-машина-дорожні умови» при експлуатації шарнірно-зчленованих машин
Authors: Дубінін Є. , Клец Д. , Полянський О. 
Published: December 2020

Обґрунтований підхід до підвищення надійності системи «водій-машина-дорожні умови» при експлуатації шарнірно-зчленованих машин, що поліпшує взаємодію водія із системою забезпечення динамічної стійкості під час руху. Розроблений метод оцінювання надійності водія шарнірно-зчленованої колісної машини з використанням у якості діагностичного параметра критерію динамічної стійкості (КДС). Оцінювання параметра виконується за допомогою мобільного реєстраційно-вимірювального комплекса.Обгрунтування зон припустимих і неприпустимих значень критерію дозволяє визначити ступінь впливу водія на виникнення аварійних ситуацій, пов'язаних з перекиданням. Виходячи з того, що у водіїв відношення й мотивація до виконання транспортних операцій з дотриманням вимог з безпеки можуть бути різними, основний ефект для підвищення надійності при застосуванні розробленого підходу може бути отриманий за рахунок порівняння результатів об’єктивного контролю процесу руху за допомогою мобільного реєстраційно-вимірювального комплексу (МРВК) для різних водіїв у різних дорожніх умовах. Тобто програмно задається «зелена зона» поточних параметрів стійкості положення. Водій під час руху, враховуючи власні можливості, дорожні умови, питання економії палива тощо, обирає безпечний, на його погляд, режим руху. МРВК у процесі руху, демонструючи в режимі реального часу поточну величину критерію динамічної стійкості, підказує водієві щодо правильності обраного режиму. У разі високої інтенсивності зростання КДС, наприклад за значної швидкості руху, що не відповідає дорожнім умовам, водій не встигає втрутитися у процес стабілізації машини. Тому для забезпечення стійкості положення буде спрацьовувати МРВК. Якщо інтенсивність зростання КДС є середньою, то у водія є запас часу для стабілізації машини без підключення системи. Якщо ж інтенсивність зростання КДС є низькою, то водій повністю контролює процес руху, допомога МРВК у зазначеному випадку не потрібна.На підставі проведених досліджень і аналізу існуючого досвіду розроблені додаткові рекомендації з підвищення безпеки використання колісних шарнірно-зчленованих машин з врахуванням їх конструктивних особливостей. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані при експлуатації шарнірно-зчленованих колісних машин.
Ocular Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery: A Direct Sub-Tenon's Approach
Authors: Hansen Elizabeth A , Mein Calvin E , Mazzoli Robert 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We describe a new technique in which ocular anesthesia is obtained by dissection of the superior quadrants, as in strabismus or retinal surgery, followed by direct infusion of the retrobulbar space with local anesthetic agent, using a blunt 19-gauge cannula. In 112 cases of cataract surgery in which we used this direct sub-Tenon's approach, we found rt to be a safe, simple, and effective method of achieving rapid ocular anesthesia.
On The Solution of an Infinite System of Discrete Equations
Authors: ADİLOĞLU Anar , GÜRDAL Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

In this work, we construct the transformation operator for the infinite system of the difference equations $a_{n-2}y_{n-2}+b_{n-1}y_{n-1}+c_{n}y_{n}+b_{n}y_{n+1}+a_{n}y_{n+2}=\lambda y_{n}$ $(n=1,2,...)$,where $a_{n}\neq0,$ $b_{n},$ $c_{n}$ $(n=1,2,3,...)$ are given complex numbers, investigate some important properties of the special solutions of the difference system.