bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computed tomographic localization of the deepest portion of the femoral trochlear groove in healthy dogs
Authors: Nicetto Tommaso , Longo Federico , Contiero Barbara , Isola Maurizio , Petazzoni Massimo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo validate a computed tomographic (CT) method to measure the femoral trochlear groove depth (FTGD).Study designCadaveric study.Sample populationFifteen dogs, 26 femoral trochleae.MethodsFive points were identified from proximal to distal (proximal point [PP], P25, P50, P75, and distal point [DP]) along the trochlea via three‐dimensional volume‐rendering function on the sagittal plane and measured on multiplanar reconstruction images. Each rater repeated measurements in duplicate, unaware of the identity of the joint. The FTGD was quantitated on the anatomical specimens and statistically compared with CT measurements. Intrarater and interrater agreements were analyzed by using intraclass coefficients. Accuracy was evaluated by using either adjustedR2coefficients (R2 > 80% was considered acceptable) or Student'sttest. The ratio of the patellar and the trochlear width and the ratio of the patellar craniocaudal thickness inside the trochlear groove were calculated at three different patellar locations.ResultsGood to excellent intrarater and interrater agreements were observed in four of five trochlear points (P25, P50, P75, and DP), and accuracy was acceptable for these points (R2 > 80%). Computed tomographic measurements differed from the mean anatomical measurements at three of five points (PP, P50, and P75;P < .01), overestimating the FTGD by an overall mean of 0.18 mm (range, 0.02‐0.3). P25 and P50 were the deepest points measured.ConclusionComputed tomography allowed precise measurements of trochlear groove depth except for the most proximal point. The deepest trochlear points were P25 and P50. P25 was the most precise and accurate point measured, while PP was the least consistent.Clinical significanceThe deepest portion of the trochlea groove may be located between P25 and P50. Evaluation of this CT method in dogs with patellar luxation is recommended.
Learning Nonlinear Constitutive Laws Using Neural Network Models Based on Indirectly Measurable Data
Authors: Liu Xin , Tao Fei , Du Haodong , Yu Wenbin , Xu Kailai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Artificial neural network (ANN) models are used to learn the nonlinear constitutive laws based on indirectly measurable data. The real input and output of the ANN model are derived from indirect data using a mechanical system, which is composed of several subsystems including the ANN model. As the ANN model is coupled with other subsystems, the input of the ANN model needs to be determined during the training. This approach integrates measurable data, mechanics, and ANN models so that the ANN models can be trained without direct data which is usually not available from experiments. Two examples are provided as an illustration of the proposed approach. The first example uses two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analysis to train an ANN model to learn the nonlinear in-plane shear constitutive law. The second example applies a continuum damage model to train an ANN model to learn the damage accumulation law. The results show that the trained ANN models achieve great accuracy based on the proposed approach.
A Review on Nanocomposites. Part 1: Mechanical Properties
Authors: Le Bao , Khaliq Jibran , Huo Dehong , Teng Xiangyu , Shyha Islam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicromachining of nanocomposites is deemed to be a complicated process due to the anisotropic, heterogeneous structure, and advanced mechanical properties of these materials associated with the size effects in micromachining. It leads to poorer machinability in terms of high cutting force, low surface quality, and high rate of tool wear. In part 1 of this two-part review paper, a comprehensive review on mechanical properties of various nanocomposites will be presented while the second part of the paper will focus on the micro-machinability of these nanocomposite materials.
Improvement of the RELAP5-3D Condensation Heat Transfer Model in the Presence of Noncondensable Gases
Authors: Anderson Nolan , Sabharwall Piyush 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Condensation of steam on the primary side of steam generator in a pressurized water reactor is one of the means of removing decay heat during accident scenarios such as a small break loss of coolant accident. With the presence of noncondensable gases, the rate of removal of decay heat reduces, affecting the ability of the nuclear plant to remove heat in accident scenarios. Therefore, correct prediction of heat removal capability is very significant to predict the plant behavior. In this study, an analytical model is compared with a numerical solution with the use of experiments performed at University of California, Berkeley and at MIT. A modified correlation is proposed and compared to experimental observation for various noncondensable gases.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in Particle Velocity Sensor With Three-Wire Configuration
Authors: Linhui Zhu , Jienan Shen , Yibo Zeng , Hang Guo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Particle velocity sensor (PVS) plays an important role in determining the type and location of a sound source. In this presentation, the analytical model of heat transfer in the PVS with a three-wire (SHS) configuration is first presented. By comparing with the thermal diffusion, the forced convection exerts a smaller influence on the temperature distribution. Thus, variation in forced convection could induce the formation of a thermal perturbation field, and the overall temperature distribution model of a PVS is made up of a steady temperature field and a thermal perturbation field. With the derived model, the PVS with the SHS configuration has smaller thermal noise and higher signal-to-noise ratio in comparison with a two-wire (SS) configuration under the same conditions. Optimized parameters of structural design and heating power can be obtained via the presented analytical model. Also, this model presents optimal output performance and frequency-dependent characteristic curve. Numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions and experimental data, which verifies the correctness of analytical model and the numerical method. The study provides a basis for a theoretical and numerical analysis for the PVS in SHS configuration.
A Universal Pocket Plunge Milling Method to Decrease the Maximum Engagement Angle
Authors: Huang Nuodi , Krebs Eugen , Baumann Jonas , Wirtz Andreas , Jaeger Eva Maria , Biermann Dirk 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Plunge milling has been proven to be an efficient strategy for machining of pockets with deep cavities and difficult-to-cut material. Previous work generates the plunge toolpath mainly by controlling the radial cutting width within the given value. However, uneven tool engagement angles may lead to excessive tool load and tool load fluctuations, which has a negative influence on tool life. In this study, a universal plunge milling toolpath generation method is proposed to improve tool life by decreasing the maximum tool engagement angle. A series of concentric circles with constant radius increment is utilized to generate a toolpath with constant cutting radial depth. Center of the concentric circle is determined based on the pocket contour. New detailed algorithms to generate plunge toolpath for basic cases have been developed. An automatic pocket subdivision algorithm has been developed by dividing the pocket into several subregions that are easy to be machined. Without loss of generality, the method is applicable for both open and closed pockets. It also works for pockets with and without islands inside. The method is implemented and verified successfully by machining experiments. The results provide strong evidence that the proposed method can reduce the maximum engagement angle over the entire toolpath and thus improve the tool life.
Association between socioeconomic status and incident stroke in China
Authors: Zhou Weiju , Chen Ruoling , Hopkins Alex , Wang Yulong , Tang Jie , Chen Xiangyan , Clifford Angela , Pan Yuesong , Forthby Ken , Ni Jindong , Wang Duolao , Brunner Eric 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on incidence of stroke in China. This study aimed to examine the association of SES, which was measured by different indicators, with incidence of stroke and gender differences in the association.Methods and resultsTwo prospective cohort studies were conducted including 2852 participants aged ≥60 years in Anhui province and 3016 participants in four other provinces in China. During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 211 incident stroke cases occurred in the Anhui cohort. The risk of stroke increased with living in rural areas (adjusted HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.19 to 5.22; women 3.64, 95% CI 1.17 to 11.32, men 2.23, 95% CI 0.81 to 6.19), but not significantly with educational level, occupational class, satisfactory income and financial problems (except for women with low education). The four-province cohort had 113 incident stroke cases over the 3.1 years’ follow-up. The five SES indicators were not significantly associated with incident stroke (except for increased risk in men with high occupation), but additional measurement for actual income showed that incident stroke increased in women with low personal income and in men with high family income. Pooled data from the two cohorts demonstrated the impacts of rural living (1.66, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.57) and having high occupational class (1.56, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.38), and gender differences for women with low education (2.26, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.27).ConclusionsRural living and being female with low SES are associated with increased stroke risk in China. Strategies to improve public health in the rural communities and gender-specific targets for health inequality should be an integral component of stroke interventions.
First-in-Human Assessment of cRGD-ZW800-1, a Zwitterionic, Integrin-Targeted, Near-Infrared Fluorescent Peptide in Colon Carcinoma
Authors: de Valk Kim S. , Deken Marion M. , Handgraaf Henricus J.M. , Bhairosingh Shadhvi S. , Bijlstra Okker D. , van Esdonk Michiel J. , Terwisscha van Scheltinga Anton G.T. , Valentijn A. Rob P.M. , March Taryn L. , Vuijk Jaap , Peeters Koen C.M.J. , Holman Fabian A. , Hilling Denise E. , Mieog J. Sven D. , Frangioni John V. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Incomplete oncologic resections and damage to vital structures during colorectal cancer surgery increases morbidity and mortality. Moreover, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard treatment modality for locally advanced rectal cancer, where subsequent downstaging can make identification of the primary tumor more challenging during surgery. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging can aid surgeons by providing real-time visualization of tumors and vital structures during surgery.

Experimental Design:
We present the first-in-human clinical experience of a novel NIR fluorescent peptide, cRGD-ZW800-1, for the detection of colon cancer. cRGD-ZW800-1 was engineered to have an overall zwitterionic chemical structure and neutral charge to lower nonspecific uptake and thus background fluorescent signal. We performed a phase I study in 11 healthy volunteer as well as a phase II feasibility study in 12 patients undergoing an elective colon resection, assessing 0.005, 0.015, and 0.05 mg/kg cRGD-ZW800-1 for the intraoperative visualization of colon cancer.

Results:
cRGD-ZW800-1 appears safe, and exhibited rapid elimination into urine after a single low intravenous dose. Minimal invasive intraoperative visualization of colon cancer through full-thickness bowel wall was possible after an intravenous bolus injection of 0.05 mg/kg at least 2 hours prior to surgery. Longer intervals between injection and imaging improved the tumor-to-background ratio.

Conclusions:
cRGD-ZW800-1 enabled fluorescence imaging of colon cancer in both open and minimal invasive surgeries. Further development of cRGD-ZW800-1 for widespread use in cancer surgery may be warranted given the ubiquitous overexpression of various integrins on different types of tumors and their vasculature.
Wet citrus pulp in finishing diets for feedlot lambs:
Authors: Mello Raquel Rodrigues Costa , Moreira Elizângela Mirian , Polizel Daniel Montanher , Ferraz Júnior Marcos Vinícius Castro , Biava Janaina Socolovski , Ferreira Evandro Maia , Pires Alexandre Vaz 
Published: April 2020

Pectin industry generates a citrus pulp residue compounded by peduncle, endocarp, juice vesicles, columella, seeds and tiny fractions of epicarp and mesocarp of citrus fruits, denominated Wet Citrus Pulp (WCP), which has not yet been tested as food for lamb’s nutrition. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of partial replacement of ground corn by WCP in high-concentrate diets on the performance and hepatic enzyme concentration of feedlot lambs. Forty-two male lambs (15 Santa Inês and 27 ½ Dorper × Santa Inês), with 24.7 ± 1.5 kg of BW and 60 ± 5 d of age was assigned to a randomized complete block design. Within blocks (n = 14), lambs were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 0WCP (control) – diet containing 75.5% ground corn without WCP; 20WCP – diet containing 20% WCP in replacement of ground corn, and 40WCP – diet containing 40% WCP in replacement of ground corn. The experiment lasted 70 days, which was split in 3 experimental periods (14 days of diets’ adaptation and 2 sub-periods of 28 days each). Statistical analyses were performed using the MIXED procedure of the SAS. Orthogonal polynomials for diet response were determined by linear and quadratic effects. There was a quadratic effect for DM, CP, ash, ether extract and NFC intake The highest DM and CP intake was observed for lambs fed 20WCP, however, the control diet increased the ash, ether extract and NFC intake. The increased levels of WCP decreased the ADG and feed efficiency (FE) during the adaptation period, however, did not affect the ADG and FE on periods 1 and 2. Consequently, the increased levels of WCP inclusion decreased linearly the BW. There was no effect of WCP inclusion in diets on Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) concentration. However, there was a linear increase for Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) concentration during the adaptation period, but without difference in other periods. In conclusion, adding up to 40% of WCP in finishing diets for feedlot lambs decrease performance during adaptation period, compromising the final body weight, but without damages effects on liver enzymes.
Evidence of in utero infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem-repeat Analysis:
Authors: Vasini Rosell Brenda , Lagleyze Bernardo , Morsella Claudia , Mendez Laura , Bresky Florencia , Gioffré Andrea , Paolicchi Fernando 
Published: April 2020

A pregnant heifer with an advanced clinical stage of paratuberculosis was reported in a herd in Argentina. Thus, the animal was euthanized and samples of organs of the cow and its fetus was taken and cultured for bacteriology in specific medium. Tissues were analyzed by histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin and Ziehl-Neelsen staining). Histopathological analysis of the cow’s samples revealed the presence of lesions consistent with paratuberculosis, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining revealed the presence of acid-fast bacilli, whereas the fetal tissues showed absence of lesions but the presence of acid-fast bacilli by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. After growing in specific medium, colonies in tissues from both cow and fetus were positive for IS900-PCR, confirming the presence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Finally, the isolates were typed by Multiple-Locus Variable-number tandem-repeat Analysis (MLVA), which confirmedthe epidemiological link between them. This study is the first in Argentina to report the detection of MAP that shares an identical MLVA type in a pregnant cow and its fetus. The results of this study are consistent with previous reports and highlight the intra-uterine transmission of MAP as an important source of infection within herds.
On the Vorticity Balance over Steep Slopes: Kuroshio Intrusions Northeast of Taiwan
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Wang Dong-Ping , Su Jilan , Chen Dake , Lian Tao , Dong Changming , Liu Tongya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe circulation of the Kuroshio northeast of Taiwan is characterized by a large anticyclonic loop of surface intrusion and strong upwelling at the shelfbreak. To study the mechanisms of Kuroshio intrusions, the vorticity balance is examined using a high-resolution nested numerical model. In the 2D depth-averaged vorticity equation, the advection of geostrophic potential vorticity (APV) term and the joint effect of baroclinicity and relief (JEBAR) term are dominant. On the other hand, in the 2D depth-integrated vorticity equation, the main balance is between nonlinear advection and bottom pressure torque. It is shown that JEBAR and APV tend to compensate, and their difference is comparable to bottom pressure torque. Perhaps most significantly, a general framework is provided for examination of vorticity balance over steep slopes through a full 3D depth-dependent vorticity equation. The 3D analysis reveals a well-defined bottom boundary layer over the shelfbreak, about 40 m deep and capped by the vertical velocity maximum. In the upper frictionless layer from the surface to about 100 m, the primary balance is between nonlinear advection and horizontal divergence. In the lower frictional layer, viscous stress is balanced by nonlinear advection and horizontal divergence. The bottom pressure torque, which corresponds to the depth-integrated viscous effect, is a proxy for viscous stress divergence at the bottom. The importance of nonlinear advection is further demonstrated in a sensitivity experiment by removing advective terms from momentum equations. Without nonlinear advection, the bottom pressure torque becomes trivial, the boundary layer vanishes, and the on-shelf intrusion is considerably weakened.
Towards accounting harmonization in Europe: a multinational survey among budget experts
Authors: Frintrup Markus , Schmidthuber Lisa , Hilgers Dennis 
Published: April 2020

Severe fiscal problems, the insufficient comparability of financial information and increasing demands for better accountability require national governments and international organizations to change their current accounting regimes and to move towards a system of standardized accounting practices. As the International Public Sector Accounting Standards have insufficiently moved Europe towards accounting harmonization in recent years, the European Commission currently aims to suggest the adoption of European Public Sector Accounting Standards. Based on a multinational survey among budget experts, the current article investigates budget experts’ perceptions towards adopting the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. The findings compare attitudes towards new accounting practices and European Public Sector Accounting Standards reform expectations on a comparative basis, and relate them to the current national accounting system and contextual factors. Empirical results indicate great variation in terms of European Public Sector Accounting Standards reform expectations across countries. The study concludes with discussing the implications of the findings for international accounting research, accounting harmonization and the development of a European accounting system. Points for practitioners In this early stage of European Public Sector Accounting Standards development, understanding the factors associated with a country’s decision to adopt them could be helpful for practitioners and professionals. The current study identifies information technology costs as a potential barrier to implementing the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. Politicians and standard setters might take this into account while developing the European Public Sector Accounting Standards. Furthermore, this article reveals that encouraging the voluntary introduction of accrual accounting in the first stage of European Public Sector Accounting Standards development might be the appropriate approach of the European Commission.
Evidence‐Based Guidelines for Management of Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancies during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Crosby Dana L. , Sharma Arun 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveDue to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, otolaryngologists face novel challenges when treating patients with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the treatment of these patients during this pandemic and to provide evidence‐based recommendations with attention to increased risk in this setting.Data SourcesA review of the literature was performed with PubMed. Because recently published articles on this topic may not yet be indexed into PubMed, otolaryngology journals were hand searched for relevant articles. Guidelines from national organizations were reviewed to identify additional relevant sources of information.Review MethodsTwo groups of search terms were created: one with terms related to COVID‐19 and another with terms related to head and neck cancer and its management. Searches were performed of all terms in each group as well as combinations of terms between groups. Searches and subsequent exclusion of articles were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses). Additional articles were identified after relevant journals and guidelines from national organizations were reviewed.ConclusionsPatients with head and neck mucosal malignancy require continued treatment despite the current pandemic state. Care must be taken at all stages of treatment to minimize the risk to patients and health care workers while maintaining focus on minimizing use of limited resources.Implications for PracticePatient care plans should be guided by best available evidence to optimize outcomes while maintaining a safe environment in the setting of this pandemic.
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collections of Genetic Heritage: The Legal, Ethical and Practical Considerations of a Dynamic Consent Approach to Decision Making
Authors: Prictor Megan , Huebner Sharon , Teare Harriet J.A. , Burchill Luke , Kaye Jane 
Published: April 2020

Dynamic Consent (DC) is both a model and a specific web-based tool that enables clear, granular communication and recording of participant consent choices over time. The DC model enables individuals to know and to decide how personal research information is being used and provides a way in which to exercise legal rights provided in privacy and data protection law. The DC tool is flexible and responsive, enabling legal and ethical requirements in research data sharing to be met and for online health information to be maintained. DC has been used in rare diseases and genomics, to enable people to control and express their preferences regarding their own data. However, DC has never been explored in relationship to historical collections of bioscientific and genetic heritage or to contexts involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (First Peoples of Australia).In response to the growing interest by First Peoples throughout Australia in genetic and genomic research, and the increasing number of invitations from researchers to participate in community health and wellbeing projects, this article examines the legal and ethical attributes and challenges of DC in these contexts. It also explores opportunities for including First Peoples' cultural perspectives, governance, and leadership as a method for defining (or redefining) DC on cultural terms that engage best practice research and data analysis as well as respect for meaningful and longitudinal individual and family participation.