bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causality Between Public Debt, Public Debt Service and Economic Growth in an Emerging Economy
Authors: Saungweme Talknice , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper explores the causality between public debt, public debt service and economic growth in South Africa covering the period 1970 – 2017. The study employs the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and the multivariate Granger-causality test. The empirical results indicate that there is unidirectional causality from economic growth to public debt, but only in the short run. However, the study fails to establish any causality between public debt service and economic growth, both in the short run and long run. In line with the empirical evidence, the study concludes that it is economic growth that drives public debt in South Africa, and that the causal relationship between public debt and economic growth is sensitive to the timeframe considered. The paper recommends policymakers in South Africa to consider growth-enhancing policies in the short run, since poor economic performances may lead to high public debt levels.
Military Expenditure and Macroeconomic Perfromance – The Case of an Emerging Country
Authors: Ologbenla Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The study investigates the nexus between military expenditure and macroeconomic performance in Nigeria between 1980 and 2017. Data on military expenditure and some macroeconomic variables such as output (GDP), exchange rate and inflation rate are used in the study. The Vector Auto-regression technique VAR is applied so as to study the interactions among the variables in the short run. The result shows that military expenditure in Nigeria is significantly influenced by output and exchange rate shocks. It was also revealed that military expenditure does not make significant contributions to the behaviour of output in Nigeria. Military expenditure appears to be insulated against inflation shock since the largest chunk of military expenditure is traded in foreign currency hence less affected by domestic prices.
Estimating the Domestic Short Rate in a Convergence Model of Interest Rates
Authors: Bučková Zuzana , Girová Zuzana , Stehlíková Beáta 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this paper we study the convergence model of interest rates by Corzo and Schwartz. It models the situation when a country is going to enter a monetary union, for example the eurozone. We are interested in estimating the underlying short rate, which is a theoretical variable, not observed on the market. We use the procedure already employed for the Vasicek model to the eurozone data and for the case of a zero correlation we show that a similar procedure can be used also for the estimation of the domestic parameters and the short rate values. The assumption of the zero correlation allows us to simplify the optimization problem, but using simulations we show that our algorithm is robust to the specification of the correlation. It estimates the short rate with a high precision also in the original case of a nonzero correlation, as well as in the case of a dynamic correlation, when the correlation is modelled as a function of time. Finally, we use the algorithm to real market data and estimate the short rate before adoption of the euro currency in Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
LEARNING COMMUNITY DALAM PERKULIAHAN UNTUK MEMBANGUN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MAHASISWA
Authors: Wayan Sukarjita I 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan fisika FKIP Undana dalam perkuliahan yang berbasis Learning Community. Data diambil dengan menggunakan kuisioner kemampuan berpikir kreatif dengan lima indikator kemampuan berpikir kreatif, yaitu: berpikir lancar, berpikir luwes, berpikir orisinil, berpikir elaboratif dan berpikir evaluatif. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 26 mahasiswa yang merupakan peserta kuliah matakuliah Strategi Pembelajaran Fisika pada semester Ganjil 2019/2020. Data kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Learning Community (LC) merupakan salah satu bentuk pembelajaran yang berpusat pada mahasiswa (Student Centered Learning) yang menitik beratkan pada konsep belajar dalam kelompok, saling bekerjasama, sharing dan menciptakan suasana belajar untuk saling belajar dalam wadah komunitas belajar sehingga tercipta proses pembelajaran yang lebih bermakna dan berkualitas; (2) Pembelajaran dalam bentuk Learning Community pada perkuliahan Stategi Pembelajaran Fisika efektif untuk membentuk kemampuan mahasiswa dalam berpikir kreatif yang mencakup lima aspek yaitu kemampuan dalam berpikir lancar, luwes, orisinil, elaborasi dan evaluatif dengan ketercapaian rerata sebesar 84,14 persen; (3) Pembelajaran dalam bentuk Learning Community pada perkuliahan Stategi Pembelajaran Fisika efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif mahasiswa perserta kuliah Stategi Pembelajaran Fisika secara umum sebesar 17,24 persen.
MARKETING DE RELACIONAMENTO E PRESCRIÇÃO MÉDICA: UM ESTUDO NO ESTADO DO PIAUÍ
Authors: Moura Heber José de , Santos Júnior ESEQUIAS FERREIRA SANTOS JÚNIOR 
Published: May 2020

O trabalho desenvolvido pelo Propagandista Vendedor (PV) tem o objetivo de levar informações relevantes que possam influenciar o comportamento prescritivo do médico, em um mercado de produtos que possui uma marca comercial e necessita de prescrição. Pretende-se responder ao seguinte questionamento: de que forma a classe médica absorve a ferramenta de marketing utilizada pela indústria farmacêutica, na figura do PV, como estratégia de implementação da propaganda e como esse trabalho tem influenciando o seu comportamento prescritivo? Com o estabelecimento desta questão norteadora, estipulou-se como objetivo geral analisar a percepção da classe médica do Piauí e parte do Maranhão em relação ao trabalho desenvolvido pelo PV como agente influenciador das suas prescrições, a partir da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada 24/2010, de 15 de junho de 2010, que rege as regras do marketing utilizado pela indústria farmacêutica. Realizou-se levantamento com 285 médicos de diversos municípios do estado do Piauí, assim como da cidade de Caxias, pertencente ao estado do Maranhão. À época do levantamento, o total de médicos no Estado do Piauí era de 3.737 profissionais, sendo 1.284 (34%) pertencentes às especialidades abrangidas por este estudo. Ressalte-se que todo o processo teve a anuência da empresa e do Conselho de Ética da Universidade de Fortaleza. Conseguiu-se identificar as variáveis de maior relevância - segundo as especialidades e o gênero dos profissionais - que influenciaram as suas prescrições médicas. Adicionalmente foi aplicado um procedimento fatorial exploratório, o qual permitiu conhecer alguns fatores associados às respostas apresentadas, que representaram dimensões associadas às variáveis consideradas.
Research to Action: Nurse Practitioners in the Emergency Department, Emergency Department Transition Clinic and Intravenous Therapy Clinic at Strathcona Community Hospital
Authors: Shand Wesley , Klemmer Daris , Grubb Shereen , Chesney Susan , Olsen Ben , So Lawrence 
Published: May 2020

This article is about nurse practitioners effectiveness working in the Strathcona emergency department (ED), as well as the efficacy of two NP led clinics that run parallel to the ED. Prior to opening Strathcona Community Hospital in 2014, site leadership were tasked with developing an innovative care model with the aim of improved patient safety and quality of care delivered, incorporating a nurse practitioner (NP) model. There are NPs in three areas at Strathcona Community Hospital. NPs work directly in the ED, assessing and treating patient autonomously and with emergency physician collaboration. They also complete diagnostic and microbiology review and perform triage liaison nurse practitioner (TLNP) duties. There is also an NP led Emergency Department Transition Clinic (EDT) for urgent or emergent follow up patients from the ED. Lastly, the NP led Intravenous Therapy Clinic was developed to see patients previously attended through the ED for IV antibiotic and other IV non-antibiotic treatments, while supporting increased community access to IV treatments. Evaluation of the 3 areas was completed using qualitative and quantitative methods over the period of 2015-2018. Statistical analysis was completed by the Alberta Health Services workforce team. Outcomes included reduced patient return visits, decreased wait times and patients leaving without treatment (LWOT), and high patient satisfaction. Other results included improved staff satisfaction, facilitation of continuity of care and avoiding unnecessary ED visits.
Becoming a Librarian Amidst a Professional Identity Crisis
Authors: Edwards Ashley 
Published: May 2020

Adopted in the late 1930s, the Library Bill of Rights grounded the profession in the core value of intellectual freedom. This core value was challenged in the 1930s, the 1960s, the 1990s, and again in recent years by calls for social responsibility within our ranks. The re-occurrent discomfort with upholding intellectual freedom is particularly evident today in the case of public library third party meeting room bookings by controversial speakers. Both the Toronto Public Library and the Vancouver Public Library (as well as the Edmonton Public Library for lending its support) have come under scrutiny by both specific voices within the field as well as the community more broadly. This is not the first time, nor will it be the last time, that publicly funded libraries are faced with controversy surrounding intellectual freedom.

Using critical information theory, this presentation examines important questions: How is intellectual freedom defined, redefined and confined today? What is the relationship between the core value of intellectual freedom and sister core values such as social responsibility, diversity and democracy? How do we uphold professional ethics (e.g., IFLA Code for Librarians and Other Information Workers) in instances when our personal, professional, institutional and/or association commitments do not align? As a 2019-20 SLIS research assistant, these questions are rooted in my ongoing academic explorations with Dr. Samek of the nature and extent LIS curricula (for both professionals and paraprofessionals) prepares graduates to negotiate the perpetually complicated core value of intellectual freedom from a position of confidence, and not fear, defensiveness or divisiveness.
La adquisición de segmentos del inglés desde la sociolingüística: la fricativa postalveolar sorda /Êƒ/
Authors: Subiabre Ubilla Paulina B. 
Published: May 2020

En la tradición laboviana el estudio de la variación lingüística ha comenzado a aplicarse recientemente en investigaciones de segunda lengua, donde se ha demostrado que en este tipo de contextos (principalmente inmigración) surgen patrones sociolingí¼í­sticos similares a los encontrados en estudios de variación en lengua materna. Este artí­culo recoge la fricativa postalveolar sorda (Êƒ)[1] como variable fonética en el habla de 18 estudiantes chilenos de inglés. Por medio de análisis de factor por factor y de variable múltiple se buscó determinar, en primer lugar, si los patrones de variación lingüística del español de Chile también ocurren en situaciones de inglés como lengua extranjera, dado que esta variable ha sido históricamente correlacionada con factores sociales y, en segundo término, si los hablantes no nativos de inglés replican la variación que muestran los hablantes nativos. Los resultados sugieren que tanto factores lingí¼í­sticos como sociales contribuyen a la variación de (Êƒ). De esta forma, el artí­culo contribuye a fortalecer la noción de que la variación es inherente a las lenguas, tanto en lengua materna como en lengua extranjera.

[1] En sociolingüística los paréntesis se utilizan para referirse a una variable lingüística; las variantes lingüísticas (las distintas realizaciones de una variable) serán identificadas con corchetes.
Perancangan Model Kualitas Pelayanan Puskesmas dengan Metode Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) dan Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Authors: Wilujeng Fuji Rahayu , Rembulan Glisina Dwinoor 
Published: May 2020

Jumlah Puskesmas di Provinsi DKI Jakarta mengalami peningkatan sejak tahun 2012 sebanyak 288 unit hingga pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 310 unit. Jumlah unit puskesmas yang meningkat tidak serta merta menjadikan pelayanan puskesmas sudah memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan untuk memberikan technical respon yang bersumber dari Voice of Customer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Importance and Performance Analysis untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor kualitas pelayanan yang berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan metode Quality Function Deployment digunakan untuk memberikan technical respon. Hasil analisis dengan metode Importance and Performance Analysis menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang termasuk prioritas utama adalah pelayanan terkait pemberian diagnosa yang sesuai oleh dokter di puskesmas, pelayanan terkait respon pihak puskesmas terhadap keluhan (complain) dari pasien, dan atribut pelayanan terkait kesesuaian obat yang diberikan oleh dokter di puskesmas. Peningkatan respon terhadap keluhan pasien merupakan prioritas utama yang harus dilakukan oleh pihak puskesmas untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pasien. Respon teknis dengan urutan prioritas terdepan adalah tenaga medis yang harus memberikan jawaban yang jelas mengenai pengobatan yang dijalani pasien, dan dokter di puskesmas harus lebih teliti dalam memberikan obat yang sesuai dengan penyakit pasien.
Penyuluhan Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan Kepada Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta
Authors: Evita Liza , Rofiq Haban , Prasetyo Kukuh Fadli 
Published: May 2020

Negara, pemerintah, dan seluruh pemangku kepentingan, termasuk siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta Pusat berkewajiban untuk melakukan perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan berkelanjutan agar lingkungan hidup Indonesia dapat tetap menjadi sumber dan penunjang hidup bagi rakyat Indonesia serta makhluk hidup lain. Penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan hidup merupakan bagian dari materi hukum lingkungan. Para siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta Pusat belum pernah mendapatkan penyuluhan tentang penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan. Oleh karena itu para siswa, khususnya siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Jakarta Pusat perlu memperoleh informasi hukum lingkungan, melalui penyuluhan hukum. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah agar para siswa memperoleh wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang hukum lingkungan khususnya mengenai penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan untuk selanjutnya makin berdaya dalam meningkatkan kesadaran hukum bagi siswa di sekolah dan menularkan pengetahuannya kepada lingkungan di sekitarnya. Penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan hidup dapat ditempuh melalui pengadilan atau di luar pengadilan. Kegiatan penyuluhan mampu meningkatkan pemahaman secara signifikan bagi peserta dan merupakan media yang cukup efektif untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan.
New challenges in education processes at technical faculties in Asian countries of the former Soviet Union
Authors: Dabylova Malika , Sroka Mariusz , Alibekova Gulnaz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The developing countries of Asia, are faced with rapid changes as far as the economic, political, socio-cultural factors are concerned. These changes require greater investment in basic and higher education, as well as development of skills, in order to support the transition to a high-tech, service-oriented economy. Today, most Asian countries are trying to solve these problems by restructuring or reforming their education systems. The following article discusses the state of educational processes in the technical fields of higher educational institutions of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The results of the study show a high level of development of government strategies to maintain technological modernization of the country.
Genealogía, biopolítica y tanatopolítica : La cuestión de la vida en la Filosofía Biopolítica
Authors: González Daiana Marlén 
Published: May 2020

<p>Este trabajo reúne una serie de aportes al debate biopolítico de acuerdo con una formulación expuesta en la obra <em>Bios</em> de Roberto Espósito. El desarrollo del texto se centra en la relación entre la noción de biopolítica y tanatopolítica. Espósito realiza una lectura de Michel Foucault, en la que expone como principal eje de debate la problemática relación de una biopolítica que deviene incesantemente tanatopolítica. Aquí se proponen una serie de contribuciones que la obra de Nietzsche puede arrojar sobre este debate. Se trata especialmente de aportes genealógicos de Nietzsche, presentes en la obra <em>Genealogía de la Moral</em>, entre otras del filósofo alemán. Como así también se centra la atención en el concepto de vida, ideal ascético y la ética nietzscheana.</p>
The IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT IN POLAND. THEORY AND PRACTICE
Authors: Nawrot Filip Karol , Radecka Ewa 
Published: May 2020

The main aim of this paper is to describe the legal instruments of climate protection in Poland. This issue is significant, because for several decades, climate changes and climate protection have been the object of legal regulation, both international, European and domestic.
The conducted analysis concerns three main legal acts: the Act of 27 April 2001 – Environmental Protection Law, the Act of 9 June 2011 – the Geological and Mining Law as regards CCS, and the Act of 20 February 2015 on Renewable energy (including, to a certain extent, regulations of the Act of 20 May 2016 on Investments in wind power plants). The paper closes with evaluation of present regulations and formulation of de lege ferenda proposals.
Comparative analysis of nootropic means of consumption in Ukraine, Estonia and Norway
Authors: Tkachova O. V. , Iakovlieva L. V. , Butko Ya. O. 
Published: May 2020

Cerebrovascular disease develops in neurodegenerative, vascular or cerebrovascular diseases of the brain. For their treatment, nootropic agents have neurotrophic, neuroprotective effects, increase brain energy exchange and cerebral circulation.
The purpose of the study was to study the range and consumption of nootropic agents in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and to compare the volume and structure of their consumption with Estonia and Norway.
The objects of this study were the representatives of two pharmacotherapeutic groups - NO6B «Psychostimulants and Nootropic Drugs» and N06D «Drugs used for dementia» present on the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market. The range of these drugs and the average retail price of their packs in the pharmacy network of Ukraine during the studied period were determined using the Morion Company Pharmexplorer market research system (as of December 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017). Drugs were performed according to DDDs/1 000 inhabitants/day or DID, using pharmacoepidemiological method of study ‒ ATC/DDD methodology.
In the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine for 2014‒2017, nootropic drugs were represented from 204 tonnes (in 2014) to 237 tonnes (in 2017), based on 18 MNN, mainly domestic production. Drug prices varied over a wide range, which made it possible to choose a drug with nootropic action, taking into account the patient's financial capabilities. Vinpocetine (0.83‒0.98 DID) and piracetam (0.50‒0.52 DID) were predominantly consumed in the N06B group in Ukraine, while Ginkgo leaves (0.51‒0.59 DID) were the most consumed in the N06D group. and memantine (0.08‒0.18 DID). Consumption leaders are represented in the pharmaceutical market in a significant amount of TH and have a wide range of pricing for drug packaging. Compared to European countries, the consumption of nootropic drugs in Ukraine is almost 3.5 times lower than in Estonia and 2.4 times lower than in Norway. In terms of consumption in Ukraine and Estonia, the leaders were Ginkgo leaves, and in Norway, Donezepil.
In the Ukrainian pharmaceutical market there is a sufficient assortment of products with nootropic action of mainly domestic production, which have a wide range of prices for the packaging of drugs. Consumption rates for drugs in Ukraine were low and inferior to two European countries, and in terms of consumption patterns similar to those of nootropic drugs in Estonia.
Prognosis of biological activity and lipophilicity of some pyridine derivatives as components of anti-caries agents
Authors: Gelmboldt V. O. , Lytvynchuk I. V. , Shyshkin I. O. , Ognichenko L. N. , Kuz’min V. E. 
Published: May 2020

In recent years, a high carioprophylactic efficacy of ammonium hexafluorosilicates with biologically active cations has been discovered (АHBC). In the case of using AHBC, there is a potential possibility of enhancing the anticaries effect of the fluorine-containing anion as a result of the contribution of the effects of cations, for example, anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the work is a virtual analysis of the biological activity and lipophilicity of pyridine derivatives containing pharmacophores associated with anti-inflammatory activity (AIA), as possible candidates for the synthesis of AHBC as anticaries agents. Objects of research are the commercially available pyridine derivatives (PubChem database) containing pharmacophore groups – residues of acetic, propionic, phenylacetic acids, the presence of which is associated with the manifestation of AIA. Assessment of the potential biological activity of the compounds was carried out using the program. PASS 2017 Professional. The lipophilicity values of logP pyridines were calculated using software packages ALOGPS, KowWin, model QSPR.
It has been established that in the series of acetic acid derivatives the highest probability of the presence of AIA (Ра) is expected for isomeric pyridine acetic acids: there is a relative increase in the values of Pa in the series of 2-, 3-, 4-isomers (Ра = 0,454, 0,506, 0,537 respectively). The introduction of the second substituent into the pyridine ring (fluorine, bromine, chlorine atoms, CF3 group) is accompanied by a decrease in the values Ра. In the rows of 2-, 3-, 4-substituted derivatives of phenylacetic and propionic acids, an increase in the likelihood of AIA manifestation is also recorded; the introduction of substituents in the propionic acid residue (fluorine atoms, НО-, H2N-groups) leads to lower values Ра. For all studied derivatives, there was no significant probability of manifestation of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity (Ра < 0,5), the calculated lipophilicity values of the compounds are in the range of -2,65‒2,26.
Thus, all the studied pyridine derivatives correspond to Lipinsky's «rule 5» and can be classified as low toxic «drug-like» compounds. Despite the presence of pharmacophores in the pyridines, the presence of which is associated with AIA, for almost all structures the probability of the appearance of this type of activity is small (Ра ≤ 0,5). In our opinion, compounds with phenylacetic and propionic acids fragments are interesting as objects of further experimental research as the models for elucidating the influence of the position of the pharmacophore group in the structure of the pyridine ring on the value of the CPE and AIA of the corresponding AHBC.