bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of fatty acid and sensory profiles of raw and roasted pecan cultivars
Authors: Murley Tyler , Kelly Brendan , Adhikari Jayashan , Reid William , Koppel Kadri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFive fatty acids comprise the bulk of the lipid content in pecans: palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. Understanding the profiles of these fatty acids and how they relate to sensory characteristics may offer an explanation for flavor and flavor defects that may exist in certain cultivars of pecans. The objective of this study was to examine and compare fatty acid profiles of three cultivars of pecans (Major, Lakota, and Chetopa), over two crop years, under raw and roasted preparation methods, and understand the fatty acids association with sensory attributes. Percentages of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids to total fatty acid content were determined using gas chromatography, and sensory profiles were generated using descriptive sensory analysis. Similar trends were seen across samples, with oleic acid comprising the majority of the total fatty acids and linolenic acid comprising the smallest percentage. There were significant differences in fatty acid content among cultivars and between pecans in the first and second crop year. Few associations were found between the fatty acids and sensory attributes, which suggest that combinations of the fatty acids contribute to certain pleasant or undesirable flavor attributes in the pecans. Subtle differences in fatty acid composition may lead to variation in flavor and flavor intensity or draw attention to or from certain attributes during consumption. Differences in crop year indicated that fatty acid content and therefore flavor are variable year to year.Practical ApplicationThis study will help understand how fatty acid content of pecans varies from year to year. This should be taken into account when manufacturing products with pecans as the nutritional content of the product may change as the result.
Glycemic control and risk factors for in‐hospital mortality and vascular complications after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with and without preexisting diabetes
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Zhang Heng , Hou Xiaopei , Li Xiaojue , Qian Xin , Feng Xinxing , Liu Shuqian , Shi Na , Zhao Wei , Hu Shengshou , Zheng Zhe , Li Guangwei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors of in‐hospital mortality and vascular complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), particularly the effect of different glycemic control levels on outcomes in patients with and without previous evidence of diabetes.MethodsA total of 8682 patients with and without previous diabetes undergoing CABG were categorized into strict, moderate, and liberal glucose control groups according to their mean blood glucose control level <7.8 mmol/L, 7.8 to 10.0 mmol/L, and ≥10.0 mmoL/L after in‐hospital CABG.ResultsThe patients with previous diabetes had higher rates of in‐hospital mortality (1.3% vs 0.4%, P < .001) and major complications (7.0% vs 4.8%, P < .001) than those without diabetes. Current diabetes was significantly associated with a higher risk of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.87‐5.27) and major complications (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.24‐1.80), and smoking and higher low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels showed similar results. Among patients with previous diabetes, strict glucose control was significantly associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality (OR = 8.32, 95% CI 3.95‐17.51) compared with moderate glucose control. Nevertheless, among non‐previous diabetic patients with stress hyperglycemia, strict glucose control led to a lower risk of major complications (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.52‐0.98).ConclusionsDiabetes status, smoking, and LDL‐C levels were modifiable risk factors of both in‐hospital mortality and major complications after CABG. Strict glucose control was associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital mortality among patients with diabetes, whereas it reduced the risk of major complications among non‐previous diabetic patients.
Phenological growth stages of underutilised crop yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban) according to the extended BBCH scale
Authors: Pati Kalidas , Kaliyappan Raja , Chauhan Vijay Bahadur Singh , Bansode Venkatraman , Nedunchezhiyan Maniyam , Hegde Vivek , Koundinya Ayyagari V. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) is an underutilised tuberous legume crop which has great potential as a food crop. As a root crop, it produces high yields and as a legume, it can produce protein‐rich food. The phenological growth stages of yam bean are first described here using BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamnt and Chemische Industrie) scale. We have developed a basic and extended numerical BBCH scale for the identification of different phenological growth stages of yam bean. All phenological stages, including germination (stage 0), leaf development (stage 1), formation of side shoots (stage 2), stem elongation (stage 3), tuber formation (stage 4), inflorescence emergence (stage 5), flowering (stage 6), development of pods (stage 7), ripening of pods (stage 8) and senescence (stage 9) are described using the BBCH scale. This BBCH phenological study in yam bean will be helpful for better crop management, crop improvement and characterisation of germplasm. This scale will also be useful for the yield enhancement of this crop as an emerging underutilised tuber crop.
Association of vaping‐related lung injuries with rates of e‐cigarette and cannabis use across US states
Authors: Friedman Abigail S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsResponses to the 2019 US outbreak of ‘e‐cigarette or vaping product use‐associated lung injury’ (EVALI) ranged from temporary restrictions on nicotine e‐cigarette sales to critiques of state cannabis policies. However, if either mass‐marketed nicotine e‐cigarettes or cannabis use per se drove this outbreak, as opposed to an additive in regionally available black‐market e‐liquids, states’ rates of vaping and/or cannabis use should predict their EVALI prevalence. This study tests that relationship.DesignObservational study of EVALI data from US states’ health departmentsSettingUnited States.ParticipantsAll US states (n = 50).MeasurementsThe outcome of interest was each state's total EVALI cases per 12–64‐year‐old resident—an age group covering most EVALI patients—as reported in the second week of January 2020. Predictors are 2017–18 rates of adult e‐cigarette use and past‐month cannabis use by state.FindingsThe average state EVALI prevalence was 1.4 cases per 100 000 12–64‐year‐olds. Maps suggest a high‐prevalence cluster comprising seven contiguous states in the northern Midwest. EVALI cases per capita were negatively associated with rates of vaping and past‐month cannabis use, with the preferred specification's coefficients at −0.239 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.441, −0.037; P = 0.02] and −0.086 (95% CI = −0.141, −0.031; P = 0.003), respectively. Robustness checks supported this finding.ConclusionsIn the United States, states with higher rates of e‐cigarette and cannabis use prior to the 2019 ‘e‐cigarette or vaping product use‐associated lung injury’ (EVALI) outbreak had lower EVALI prevalence. These results suggest that EVALI cases did not arise from e‐cigarette or cannabis use per se, but rather from locally distributed e‐liquids or additives most prevalent in the affected areas.
Quantifying shifts in topic popularity over 44 years of Austral Ecology
Authors: Westgate Martin J. , Barton Philip S. , Lindenmayer David B. , Andrew Nigel R. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Ecological Society of Australia was founded in 1959, and the society’s journal was first published in 1976. To examine how research published in the society’s journal has changed over this time, we used text mining to quantify themes and trends in the body of work published by the Australian Journal of Ecology and Austral Ecology from 1976 to 2019. We used topic models to identify 30 ‘topics’ within 2778 full‐text articles in 246 issues of the journal, followed by mixed modelling to identify topics with above‐average or below‐average popularity in terms of the number of publications or citations that they contain. We found high inter‐decadal turnover in research topics, with an early emphasis on highly specific ecosystems or processes giving way to a modern emphasis on community, spatial and fire ecology, invasive species and statistical modelling. Despite an early focus on Australian research, papers discussing South American ecosystems are now among the fastest‐growing and most frequently cited topics in the journal. Topics that were growing fastest in publication rates were not always the same as those with high citation rates. Our results provide a systematic breakdown of the topics that Austral Ecology authors and editors have chosen to research, publish and cite through time, providing a valuable window into the historical and emerging foci of the journal.
In vivo acridine orange human spermatozoa staining—A new perspective for RNA detection and spermatozoa morphology evaluation
Authors: Fucic Aleksandra , Maric Tihana , Vicic Bockor Vedrana , Jezek Davor 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSignificant increases in male infertility and the still unresolved questions on the compatibility and interpretation of current methods in infertility diagnostics call for new protocols. Morphology, genome damage, RNA content and quantity are currently in practice as the major parameters in evaluation of sperm quality. However, results of various methods are not always in mutual concordance. In this study, in vivo acridine orange (AO) staining, which is presently in application in the estimation of genome damage in reticulocytes, was adjusted for spermatozoa staining. Ten men suffering from oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and 10 healthy fertile men were analysed using in vivo AO staining. Microscopic analysis was performed by fluorescent and confocal fluorescent microscopy. Our results show that this method preserves spermatozoa membranes, which enables new insight into spermatozoa genome damage, RNA content in residual cytoplasm, damage of neck area with mitochondrion and tail pathology. The introduced method explains the difference between results of sperm DNA fragmentation assay and the globally used AO staining and opens new options for the development of automated systems. In conclusion, the results of our study offer (a) an innovative approach to the analysis of spermatozoa pathology, (b) enable localization and quantification of RNA in residual cytoplasm, (c) a significant contribution to research of aetiology of infertility in men, (d) open new perspectives for the automatization of sperm quality estimation and (e) improve the personalized approach in the selection of in vitro fertilization protocols.
A review of actinic keratosis, skin field cancerisation and the efficacy of topical therapies
Authors: Sinclair Robert , Baker Christopher , Spelman Lynda , Supranowicz Madeleine , MacMahon Beth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhile a wide range of treatments exist for actinic keratosis and skin field cancerisation, the long‐term benefits of the most common topical therapies are poorly defined. This report reviews the efficacy of the most commonly used topical therapies to treat regional or field lesions. Limited clinical and histopathological data are available on clearance rates at 12 months post‐treatment for the most commonly used agents, with varied outcome measures making any comparison difficult. In general, total field clearance rates at 12 months are suboptimal for the most commonly employed agents. Given the increasing incidence of actinic keratosis and skin field cancerisation due to an ageing population, further research into the efficacy of therapies is critical to guide treatment choice.
Interventions to reduce dehydration related to defunctioning loop ileostomy after low anterior resection in rectal cancer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Munshi Eihab , Bengtsson Eva , Blomberg Karin , Syk Ingvar , Buchwald Pamela 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDefunctioning loop ileostomy (DLI) in low anterior resection (LAR) in rectal cancer patients reduces the morbidity of anastomotic leakages. In our previous study, 30% of patients developed dehydration due to DLI, mostly during the first 6 weeks. This interventional study aimed to reduce these figures by establishing a surveillance programme.MethodsAn interventional study of rectal cancer patients undergoing LAR and DLI between 2013 and 2015 was carried out. A historical study group was used as control. Stoma care nurses educated the intervention group about high‐output stoma. Blood tests, including creatinine and electrolytes, were taken every second week until 8 weeks post‐operatively and an additional control in case of subjective high‐output stoma.ResultsEighty‐seven patients underwent LAR and DLI during the study period. Twenty‐one (24%) developed dehydration episodes, and nine (43%) of them required readmission. There was no difference compared to the control group, where 29% developed dehydration, and about half (52%) needed readmission (P = 0.62 and P = 0.57, respectively). However, when explicitly examining patients demonstrating symptomatic dehydration, there was a significant difference, that is 10 (11%) versus 27 (29%) (P < 0.005). Overall, the dehydrated group was older and more likely to take diuretics compared to the non‐dehydrated group.ConclusionOur results indicate that reducing dehydration episodes and readmission after DLI is a challenging process. The proposed surveillance was only effective in preventing symptomatic dehydration. Subjects taking diuretics and the elderly are at risk of dehydration and should be followed cautiously.
Challenges in using both eyes of the same patient when evaluating the results after implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments
Authors: Lamarca Mateu José , Salvador‐Culla Borja , Santos Cristina , Barraquer Rafael I. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess correlation between results from both eyes of the same patient after implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) and define whether they can be used together in clinical studies.MethodsA review of medical records of 74 patients with keratoconus implanted with bilateral Ferrara ICRS at Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer from January 2005 until December 2014. Data were collected on uncorrected visual acuity, best‐corrected visual acuity and subjective refractive values (sphere, cylinder and axis).ResultsA total of 39 patients were male (53%), and 35 were female (47%). Mean age at the time of implantation was 32.5 ± 10 years. No major complications occurred. A significant correlation between the results from right and left eyes was found (p < 0.0043), indicating that both eyes significantly resembled each other. No significant interaction in the magnitude of change between eye and surgery was observed under classic and mixed models.ConclusionBased on our data, whenever application is not possible under mixed‐model analyses, we recommend the use of a first eye operated only, either right or left, in order to avoid bias and errors derived from autocorrelation and guarantee the independence of the registered observations.
Second‐line therapy in young patients with relapsed or refractory orbital rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Boutroux Helene , Brisse Herve J. , Levy Christine , Kolb Frederic , Bolle Stephanie , Carton Matthieu , Helfre Sylvie , Orbach Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveLocalized orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (oRMS) has an overall favourable prognosis with more than 90% of survival. Little is known about the best strategy in recurrent/refractory (R/R) cases. The purpose is to examine the characteristics of patients with R/R‐oRMS, focusing on local therapy.MethodsThis is bicentric retrospective study. Analysis is of young patients (<30 years) with R/R‐oRMS who were treated from 1989 to 2018 at the Institut Curie and Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, France.ResultsTwenty‐seven out of 162 patients (17%) with oRMS presented with R/R disease. 6 of these patients had alveolar RMS (22%), 3 of whom had initial parameningeal extension (11%). During first‐line treatment, 18 patients (67%) had orbital radiotherapy. Median age at R/R was 10 years (ranges: 4–28) after a delay of 19 months from diagnosis (ranges: 3–40). Tumoral events were local relapses (22 cases), local progression (3 cases) or regional relapses (2 cases). Second‐line treatments included chemotherapy (27 cases), radiotherapy (16 cases), surgery (exenteration; 8 cases) and metastasis/ nodal removal (3 cases). After a median follow‐up of 99 months (range: 10–306), 4 patients died and 23 are in complete remission (CR) without treatment. One patient had subsequent relapse treated with exenteration and brachytherapy until a new tumour remission. Five‐year event‐free and overall survivals after first tumour event are, respectively, 84.4% (95% confidence interval: 71.5%–98.8%) and 85.8% (95% confidence interval: 72.1%–100.0%)ConclusionR/R‐oRMS is a rare situation. Second‐line therapy is efficient in this location, sometime at the cost of lifesaving mutilating surgery. Second‐line local therapy needs therefore to consider local radiotherapy if possible or complete wide surgery.
How the XRB Uses Research in Setting Accounting and Assurance Standards
Authors: Bradbury Michael E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper I describe how the New Zealand External Reporting Board (XRB) and its sub‐boards, the New Zealand Accounting Standards Board (NZASB) and the New Zealand Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (NZAuASB), use research in setting accounting and assurance standards. The XRB came into existence on 1 July 2011. In the early years (2011–2014) the focus was on getting the Accounting Standards Framework in place. Research into (financial statement) user‐needs became a major strategy in 2014 and continues to be a key component of the boards’ due process.
Meta‐analysis of genetic representativeness of plant populations under ex situ conservation in contrast to wild source populations
Authors: Wei Xinzeng , Jiang Mingxi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEx situ conservation is widely used to protect wild plant species from extinction. However, it remains unclear how genetic variation of ex situ plant collections reflects diversity of wild source populations. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of the genetic representativeness of ex situ populations by comparing genetic diversity (i.e., AR, allelic richness;He, expected heterozygosity; PPB, percent polymorphic bands; and SWI, Shannon–Winner index), inbreeding coefficient (FIS), and genetic differentiation between ex situ plant collections and their wild source populations. Genetic diversity (i.e.,He, PPB, and SWI) was significantly lower in ex situ populations than their wild source populations, whereas genetic differentiation between ex situ and wild populations (ex‐situ‐wildFST), but not that among ex situ populations, was significantly higher than among wild populations. Outcrossing species, but not those with mixed mating system, had significantly lower genetic diversity in ex situ populations and significantly higher ex‐situ‐wildFST. When the collection size for ex situ conservation was ≥30 or 50, PPB,He, and ex‐situ‐wildFSTwere not significantly different between ex situ and wild populations, indicating a relatively high genetic representativeness. Collecting from the entire natural distribution range and mixing collections from different sources could significantly increase the genetic representativeness of ex situ populations. Type of ex situ conservation (i.e., planting or seed bank) had no effect on genetic representativeness. The effect size ofHedecreased and the effect size of ex‐situ‐wildFSTincreased as the duration of ex situ conservation increased. Our results suggest that current ex situ plant collections do not effectively capture the genetic variation of wild populations. Low genetic representativeness of ex situ populations was caused by both initial incomplete sampling from wild populations and genetic erosion during ex situ conservation. We emphasize that it is necessary to employ more thorough sampling strategies in future collecting efforts and to add new individuals where needed.
Is CIELAB one space or many?
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractModels in colour engineering can have implicit customary usage, outside of whose parameters one is not supposed to venture. CIELAB is one such model: although able to accommodate a prediction of asymmetric matches, CIELAB is used in practice to compare colours only for a given illuminant/observer condition. Should we therefore deem CIELAB to be an infinity of spaces, one for each illuminant/observer combination? This question has its roots in an oddity of CIELAB’s chromatic‐adaptation model. A chromatic‐adaptation oddity also entered CIE models that emerged after CIELAB, and leads to a similarly perplexing question.
Harnessing trade and investment agreements to promote public health
Authors: Janardhan Sparsha 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is an underlying tension between the goals of trade liberalisation and a nation's sovereign right to regulate on matters of public health. In terms of trade in goods, Article XX(b) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) allows for measures necessary to protect human health, as one of the general exceptions. The increasing proliferation of comprehensive Free Trade Agreements (FTA) also contains general exception clauses to protect human health. International Investment Agreements contain provisions carving out an exception for tobacco products, from the scope of Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) claims against the host State. The aim of this article is to examine if the public health exceptions in FTAs differ from those under the GATT, and whether they can be used as an avenue for effective regulation. In the context of investment, the article examines if a ‘carve‐out’ from ISDS is a feasible option. The article concludes by observing that it may be difficult for FTAs to provide for broader regulatory autonomy to States, given the resort to the World Trade Organization (WTO) jurisprudence in FTA dispute settlement. Effectively, measures to regulate alcohol for the protection of public health may have to be designed and structured in a WTO compatible manner. In terms of ISDS, a ‘carve‐out’ from dispute settlement may provide increased regulatory space but would depend on whether consensus can be achieved in this regard. States should approach the regulation of alcohol in a comprehensive manner addressing potential challenges under the trade and investment regimes.