bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulating effect of vitamin D status on serum anti-adenovirus 36 antibody amount in children with obesity: National Food and Nutrition Surveillance
Authors: Nikooyeh Bahareh , Hollis Bruce W. , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The association of ADV-36 infection and obesity has been reported in children.
The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the association between ADV-36 infection and adiposity may be mediated by sub-optimal vitamin D status of the host.

Methods
Ninety one apparently healthy children in different weight categories (normal weight: 33, overweight: 33, obesity: 25) aged 5–18 years were randomly selected from the registered population at National Food and Nutrition Surveillance Program (NFNS). The groups were matched based on age and sex. Anthropometric, biochemical and serological assessments were performed.

Results
The amount of anti-ADV36-Ab increased whereas circulating concentrations of 25(OH) D decreased across BMI categories with higher amounts in children with normal weight than in children with overweight and obesity (31.0 ± 16.4, 22.5 ± 10.5 and 21.9 ± 9.8 nmol/L, respectively, p = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis revealed that for each unit increment of anti-ADV36-Ab, the chance of increase in weight was 8.5 times (OR: 8.5, p = 0.029). Interestingly, when 25(OH) D was introduced into the model, anti-ADV36-Ab was no longer the predictor of weight increment and the chance of increase in weight reduced 5% for each unit increase in 25(OH) D concentration (OR: 0.95, p = 0.012).

Conclusion
It is suggested that ADV36-induced lipogenesis may be mediated by vitamin D deficiency in children with obesity.
The association of depression with child abuse among Indonesian adolescents
Authors: Dhamayanti Meita , Noviandhari Anindita , Masdiani Nina , Pandia Veranita , Sekarwana Nanan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health problems among adolescents. Mental health problems might be the result of child abuse considering that their prevalences are increasing simultaneously in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the association between depression and a history of abuse among adolescents.

Methods
An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 786 junior high school students from Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia. Subjects were selected using two-stage cluster sampling. The Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) and the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST) questionnaires were applied to assess depression and a history of abuse, respectively. Depression was diagnosed by a psychiatrist after a positive score on the CDI. The data were analysed using chi-square tests and multiple regression.

Results
A history of child abuse was associated with depression in adolescents. All dimensions of child abuse had a significant association with depression. Psychological violence had the highest risk factor for the occurrence of depression (PR = 6.51), followed by exposure to violence and physical violence. Sexual violence was not a common dimension of child abuse among students. Psychological violence had the strongest association with depression, and victims were three times more likely to develop depression (POR = 3.302, p = 0.004).

Conclusion
Psychological violence was proven to be a strong risk factor for developing depression symptoms among adolescent students. While each victimization domain remained a significant predictor of depression, the experience of multiple domains during a child’s life-course may predict mental health risk. Early detection and interventions to prevent abuse and its consequences are critical.
Prognostic significance of MYCN related genes in pediatric neuroblastoma: a study based on TARGET and GEO datasets
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Wang Xinrui , Xu Liangpu , Zhang Ji , Cao Hua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification are associated with poor prognosis. However, the prognostic relevance of MYCN associated genes in neuroblastoma is unclear.

Methods
The expression profiles of MYCN associated genes were identified from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Enriched transcription factors and signaling pathways were determined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to identify the prognostic relevance of MYCN associated genes. Multivariate cox regression and Spearman’s correlation were used to determine the correlation coefficients of MYCN associated genes.

Results
In TARGET and GSE85047 datasets, neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification were associated with worse prognosis. Transcription factor MYC was positively associated with MYCN amplification in GSEA assay. We identified 13 MYC target genes which were increased in neuroblastoma patients with MYCN amplification in TARGET, GSE19274 and GSE85047 datasets. Moreover, six out of the 13 MYC target genes ARMC6, DCTPP1, EIF4G1, ELOVL6, FBL and PRMT1 were associated with adverse prognosis in TARGET and GSE85047 datasets. Transcription factor E2F1 was up-regulated by MYCN amplification and associated with the poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. Furthermore, RPS19 in ribosome signaling pathway was also associated with MYCN amplification and correlated with the poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. At last, we showed that most of MYCN target genes were correlated with each other. However, EIF4G1 was an independent prognostic marker. And the prognostic effects of the combination of MYCN amplification and EIF4G1 expression were more significant than MYCN or EIF4G1 alone.

Conclusions
MYCN target genes ARMC6, DCTPP1, EIF4G1, ELOVL6, FBL, PRMT1, E2F1 and RPS19 had significant prognostic effects in pediatric neuroblastoma. And neuroblastoma patients without MYCN amplification and low EIF4G1 expression had best prognosis.
Virtual follow-up and care for patients with cardiac electronic implantable devices: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Kelly Shannon E. , Clifford Tammy J. , Coyle Doug , Martin Janet , Welch Vivian , Skidmore Becky , Birnie David , Parkash Ratika , Tang Anthony S. L. , Wells George A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCapacity to deliver outpatient care for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) may soon be outweighed by need. This systematic review aims to investigate the comparative effectiveness, safety, and cost for virtual or remote clinic interventions for patients with CIEDs and explores how outcomes may be influenced by patient or system factors in-depth.MethodsWe will perform a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Proquest Dissertations & Theses, other EBM Reviews, and trial registry databases. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts for eligibility. We will include randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized and experimental studies, cohort, and case-control studies. Study populations of interest are individuals with a CIED (pacemaker, ICD, CRT). Eligibility will be restricted to virtual or remote follow-up or care interventions compared to any other approach. The co-primary outcomes of interest are mortality and patient satisfaction. Secondary outcomes include clinical effectiveness (e.g., ICD shock, time-to-detection of medical event, hospitalizations), safety (e.g., serious or device-related adverse events), device efficacy (e.g., transmissions, malfunctions), costs, workflow (e.g., resources, process outcomes, time-saved), and patient reported (e.g., burden, quality of life). Data will be extracted by one author and checked by a second using a standardized template. We will use published frameworks to capture data relevant to intervention effects that may be influenced by intervention definition or complexity, context and setting, or in socially disadvantaged populations. Detailed descriptive results will be presented for all included studies and outcomes, and where feasible, synthesized using meta-analysis. Risk of bias will be assessed by two review authors independently using Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Certainty of evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach.DiscussionIncreases in number of CIEDs implanted, combined with an aging population and finite health resource allocations at the system-level may lead to increased reliance on virtual follow-up or care models in the future. These models must prioritize consistent, equitable, and timely care as a priority. Results from this systematic review will provide important insight into the potential contextual factors which moderate or mediate the effectiveness, safety, and cost of virtual follow-up or care models for patients.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42020145210
Active Women over 50 online information and support to promote physical activity behaviour change: study protocol for a pilot trial
Authors: Wallbank Geraldine , Sherrington Catherine , Hassett Leanne , Kwasnicka Dominika , Chau Josephine Y. , Martin Fiona , Phongsavan Philayrath , Grunseit Anne , Canning Colleen , Baird Marian , Shepherd Roberta , Tiedemann Anne 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Physical activity has many physical and mental health benefits and can delay the development of disability in older age. However, uptake of this health behaviour is sub-optimal in women in their middle and older age. This trial aims to establish the acceptability and feasibility of the Active Women over 50 programme involving online information, telephone health coaching and email or SMS support to promote physical activity behaviour change among women aged 50 years and over.

Methods
Sixty community-dwelling women who are insufficiently active according to national guidelines, will be recruited and randomised to 1) receive the Active Women over 50 programme or 2) a wait-list control. Active Women over 50 is a 3-month physical activity programme guided by behaviour change science, providing access to a website, one telephone-delivered health coaching session from a physiotherapist and 8 email or 24 SMS messages. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants at 3 months post-randomisation who would recommend participation in the programme to another person like themselves. Secondary outcomes are feasibility measures: rates of recruitment, retention, completeness of outcome data and uptake of telephone support; and intervention impact measures: accelerometer-assessed average steps/day, proportion of participants meeting national guidelines on moderate to vigorous physical activity; and questionnaire-assessed quality of life, exercise perceptions, mood, physical functioning and self-reported physical activity. Intervention participants will also complete a follow-up survey to assess impressions of the intervention and adoption of strategies for physical activity participation. Data will be analysed descriptively to guide the design of a larger trial. Between-group differences in secondary outcomes will be used to estimate effect sizes for sample size calculations for a fully powered randomised controlled trial.

Discussion
This feasibility pilot trial of an efficient eHealth and health coaching intervention guided by user input and behaviour change theory, will inform future interventions to address low physical activity participation among an under-active group at risk of future disability.

Trial registration
ANZCTR, ACTRN12619000490178, registered 26 March 2019
Engineering and humanitarian intervention: learning from failure
Authors: Arshad-Ayaz Adeela , Naseem M. Ayaz , Mohamad Dania 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we challenge the belief that failure is necessarily a bad outcome. Instead, we argue that failure—specifically articulated as productive failure—should rather be seen as an educational moment and learning opportunity. Furthermore, we examine the field of humanitarian engineering to argue that the failures of various humanitarian engineering interventions are not necessarily because of flaws in the design process but due to the dominance of the mainstream development discourse, which obscures the importance of local contexts, knowledge, and wisdom. We ground the discussion in the broader context of contemporary development discourses and examine some examples of the failure of engineering and humanitarian assistance/development projects that can be converted into “productive failures” and used as learning opportunities.
Unraveling the puzzle of the origin and evolution of cotton A-genome
Authors: MA Zhiying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGossypium hirsutum, the most widely planted cotton species, its evolution has long been an unsolved puzzle because of its hybrid origin from D-genome and A-genome species. To better understand the genetic component of cotton, Huang et al. recently sequenced and assembled the first A1-genome G. herbaceum, and updated the A2-genome G. arboreum and (AD)1-genome G. hirsutum. On the basis of the three reference genomes, they resolved existing controversial concepts and provided novel evolutionary insights surrounding the A-genome.
Applying plant-based irrigation scheduling to assess water use efficiency of cotton following a high-biomass rye cover crop
Authors: MEEKS Calvin D. , SNIDER John L. , CULPEPPER Stanley , HAWKINS Gary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study addressed the potential of combining a high biomass rye winter cover crop with predawn leaf water potential (ΨPD) irrigation thresholds to increase agricultural water use efficiency (WUE) in cotton. To this end, a study was conducted near Tifton, Georgia under a manually-controlled, variable-rate lateral irrigation system using a Scholander pressure chamber approach to measure leaf water potential and impose varying irrigation scheduling treatments during the growing season. ΨPDthresholds were − 0.4 MPa (T1), − 0.5 MPa (T2), and − 0.7 MPa (T3). A winter rye cover crop or conventional tillage were utilized for T1-T3 as well.ResultsReductions in irrigation of up to 10% were noted in this study for the driest threshold (− 0.7 MPa) with no reduction in lint yield relative to the − 0.4 MPa and − 0.5 MPa thresholds. Drier conditions during flowering (2014) limited plant growth and node production, hastened cutout, and decreased yield and WUE relative to 2015.ConclusionsWe conclude that ΨPDirrigation thresholds between − 0.5 MPa and − 0.7 MPa appear to be viable for use in a ΨPDscheduling system with adequate yield and WUE for cotton production in the southeastern U.S. Rye cover positively impacted water potential at certain points throughout the growing season but not yield or WUE indicating the potential for rye cover crops to improve water use efficiency should be tested under longer-term production scenarios.
Co-administration of 5α-reductase Inhibitors Worsens the Adverse Metabolic Effects of Prescribed Glucocorticoids
Authors: Othonos Nantia , Marjot Thomas , Woods Conor , Hazlehurst Jonathan M , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Pofi Riccardo , White Sarah , Bonaventura Ilaria , Webster Craig , Duffy Joanne , Cornfield Thomas , Moolla Ahmad , Isidori Andrea M , Hodson Leanne , Tomlinson Jeremy W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Context
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are commonly prescribed, but their use is associated with adverse metabolic effects. 5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RI) are also frequently prescribed, mainly to inhibit testosterone conversion to dihydrotestosterone. However, they also prevent the inactivation of GCs.

Objective
We hypothesized that 5α-RI may worsen the adverse effects of GCs.

Design
Prospective, randomized study.

Patients
A total of 19 healthy male volunteers (age 45 ± 2 years; body mass index 27.1 ± 0.7kg/m2).

Interventions
Participants underwent metabolic assessments; 2-step hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp incorporating stable isotopes, adipose tissue microdialysis, and biopsy. Participants were then randomized to either prednisolone (10 mg daily) or prednisolone (10 mg daily) plus a 5α-RI (finasteride 5 mg daily or dutasteride 0.5 mg daily) for 7 days; metabolic assessments were then repeated.

Main Outcome Measures
Ra glucose, glucose utilization (M-value), glucose oxidation, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels.

Results
Co-administration of prednisolone with a 5α-RI increased circulating prednisolone levels (482 ± 96 vs 761 ± 57 nmol/L, P = 0.029). Prednisolone alone did not alter Ra glucose (2.55 ± 0.34 vs 2.62 ± 0.19 mg/kg/minute, P = 0.86), M-value (3.2 ± 0.5 vs 2.7 ± 0.7 mg/kg/minute, P = 0.37), or glucose oxidation (0.042 ± 0.007 vs 0.040 ± 0.004 mmol/hr/kg/minute, P = 0.79). However, co-administration with a 5α-RI increased Ra glucose (2.67 ± 0.16 vs 3.05 ± 0.18 mg/kg/minute, P &lt; 0.05) and decreased M-value (4.0 ± 0.5 vs 2.6 ± 0.4 mg/kg/minute, P &lt; 0.05), and oxidation (0.043 ± 0.003 vs 0.036 ± 0.002 mmol/hr/kg, P &lt; 0.01). Similarly, prednisolone did not impair insulin-mediated suppression of circulating NEFA (43.1 ± 28.9 vs 36.8 ± 14.3 μmol/L, P = 0.81), unless co-administered with a 5α-RI (49.8 ± 8.6 vs 88.5 ± 13.5 μmol/L, P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
We have demonstrated that 5α-RIs exacerbate the adverse effects of prednisolone. This study has significant translational implications, including the need to consider GC dose adjustments, but also the necessity for increased vigilance for the development of adverse effects.
Hypophosphatemic Hypovitaminosis D Induces Osteomalacia in the Adult Female Rat
Authors: Durup Darshana , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Morgenlykke Jesper , Jensen Lars Thorbjorn , Frandsen Erik , Abelson Klas S P , Pedersen Lars , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Ding Ming , Jørgensen Niklas R , Syberg Susanne , Petersen Solveig , Heegaard Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Osteomalacia is a bone-demineralizing disease of adulthood, often caused by hypovitaminosis D. Current animal models of the disease mimic osteomalacia as a consequence of gastric bypass or toxic exposure to metals, but a relevant model of diet-induced osteomalacia is lacking. For that purpose, 7-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 2 weight-stratified groups and maintained for 4 months on synthetic diets containing negligible or normal levels of vitamin D. The dietary regimen resulted in vitamin D deficiency as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels; however, hypovitaminosis D per se did not affect biomarkers of calcium metabolism and bone turnover, nor did it result in increased osteoid. Thus, vitamin D depletion through the diet was found to be insufficient to induce an osteomalacia-like phenotype in the adult rat. After 4 months, the phosphate content of the vitamin D–depleted diet had decreased to 0.16% (calcium:phosphorus ratio of 5.85), resulting in an osteomalacic-like condition (trabecular osteoid surface/bone surface constituted 33%; CI, 26-40). The diet change also affected both metabolic and bone turnover biomarkers, including significantly suppressing serum fibroblast growth factor 23. Furthermore, decreased dietary phosphate in a vitamin D–depleted diet led to microarchitectural changes of trabecular and cortical bone, lower bone mass density, lower bone mass content and decreased bone strength, all indicating reduced bone quality. Taken together, our results show that osteomalacia can be induced in the adult female rat by depleting vitamin D and lowering phosphate content in the diet.
Unusual Combination of MEN-1 and the Contiguous Gene Deletion Syndrome of CAH and Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (CAH-X)
Authors: Chen Cardenas Stanley M , El-Kaissi Samer , Jarad Ola , Liaqat Muneezeh , Korbonits Márta , Hamrahian Amir H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The contiguous gene deletion syndrome of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, named CAH-X, is a rare entity that occurs because of a deletion of a chromosomal area containing 2 neighboring genes, TNXB and CYP21A. Here, we describe a patient from a consanguineous family in which coincidentally MEN-1 syndrome is associated with CAH-X, causing particular challenges explaining the phenotypic features of the patient. A 33-year-old man with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia and classic-like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome presented with an adrenal crisis with a history of recurrent hypoglycemia, abdominal pain, and vomiting. He was found to have primary hyperparathyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, as well as primary hypogonadism, large adrenal myelolipomas, and low bone mineral density. A bladder diverticulum was incidentally found. Genetic analysis revealed a heterozygous previously well-described MEN1 mutation (c.784-9G &gt; A), a homozygous complete deletion of CYP21A2 (c.1-?_1488+? del), as well as a large deletion of the neighboring TNXB gene (c.11381-?_11524+?). The deletion includes the complete CYP21A2 gene and exons 35 through 44 of the TNXB gene. CGH array found 12% homozygosity over the whole genome. This rare case illustrates a complex clinical scenario with some initial diagnostic challenges.
A Structure of Terror in Jamaica Kincaid’sA Small Place
Authors: Shoemaker Lauren E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLiterature by women of the third world is capable of expressing emergent feelings attached to objects and everyday activities, which reveal underlying economic processes. One such activity that inspires diverging feelings, the Caribbean vacation, reveals a continued exploitative colonial economy. Jamaica Kincaid’s essays in A Small Place dramatize the competing narratives of vacation as happiness object and misery-causing activities within the framework of the structure of terror. Many critics read differences of race and class developed through figures of the tourist and the native in the early essays as necessarily divisive post-colonial critique, but they read Kincaid’s final essay as an attempt to transcend such divisions. Many have lauded Kincaid’s call to throw off old categories and focus on shared (biological) humanity, yet this very category of “human” has been constructed through (social) discourses of race, gender, and class. Instead, I argue that Kincaid continues insisting on multiple subject positions, subverting the argument she seems to make on the surface and critiquing colonial epistemologies—in discourse and visual regimes—through application of Sylvia Wynter’s interrogation of dominant worldviews of both humanism and an approach to environments.