bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of 8 weeks of freestyle swim training on the functional fitness of adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Boer P. H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies conducted on adults with Down syndrome have demonstrated the improvement of functional fitness (aerobic capacity, muscular strength, balance, flexibility, functional ability, body mass or body mass index) with varying exercise modalities but often with one or two components in isolation. Such modalities included walking, running, cycling, rowing or resistance training. Freestyle swim training has shown significant improvements of all parameters associated with functional fitness in the general population. Swimming is an aerobic activity where many of the large muscle groups are involved and may provide more functional fitness benefits. As a consequence, the purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of freestyle swim training on the functional fitness of adults with Down syndrome.MethodsTwenty‐six adults with Down syndrome (33 ± 6 years; 34 ± 9 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to an exercise (n = 13; 81.3 kg) or control group (n = 13; 81.5 kg). The exercise group performed 8 weeks of freestyle swim training, three times a week, 30 min per session (increased to 40 min after 4 weeks). To evaluate differences between groups, a one‐way analysis of variance was used, controlling for differences at baseline.ResultsAfter 8 weeks of training, the results showed significant differences between the exercise and control group for body mass, body mass index, aerobic capacity, dynamic balance, muscular strength, 12‐m swim time and functional ability (P < 0.05). Effect sizes ranged from small to large.ConclusionsVarious components of functional fitness improved significantly after an intervention period of freestyle swim training. The collective improvement of many functional fitness parameters shown by this study may hold benefits for these often‐neglected and in many cases functionally impaired individuals.
A randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel study to evaluate the efficacy of a freshwater marine collagen on skin wrinkles and elasticity
Authors: Evans Malkanthi , Lewis Erin D. , Zakaria Nisrine , Pelipyagina Tetyana , Guthrie Najla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundCollagen is the primary component in human skin. With age, there is loss of skin elasticity and collagen, resulting in wrinkle formation and reduction in skin appearance.AimsThe objective of this randomized, triple‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a hydrolyzed marine collagen (Vinh Wellness Collagen, VWC) on aspects of skin health and quality in women between 45 and 60 years of age.Patients/MethodsAssessments of skin wrinkles, elasticity, and self‐reported appearance were conducted using the VISIA skin analysis system, Cutometer®, and Skin Quality Visual Analogue Scale. Outcomes were assessed at weeks 0 (baseline), 6, and 12.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, participants supplemented with VWC had a significant 35% reduction in wrinkle score (P = .035) from baseline. Participants in the VWC group showed a 24% greater reduction in wrinkles on the right side of the face than those on placebo. A planned subgroup analysis based on age showed women 45‐54 years had a significant 20% and 10% improvement in cheek skin elasticity from baseline to week 6 (P = .016) and 12 (P = .022), respectively. At week 12, participants in the VWC group reported greater percentage improvements in overall skin score (9%) and wrinkle (15%), elasticity (23%), hydration (14%), radiance (22%), and firmness (25%) scores vs placebo.ConclusionSupplementation with VWC was found to be safe and well‐tolerated. The results of this study support the use of fish‐derived hydrolyzed collagen for the improvement of skin health in an aging population.
Permanent hair wavings: What dermatologists should know?
Authors: Barreto Taynara de Mattos , Weffort Flavia , Frattini Simone Carolina , Martins Pinto Giselle , dos Santos Damasco Patricia , Melo Daniel Fernandes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHair represents an important aspect of human individuality. The possibility of having an easy to handle hairstyle and changing it from time to time promoted an increasing search for chemical hair transformations, including permanent wavings (PW). PW is the chemical process used to convert straight into curly hair. Significant findings have been made in this field within the last three decades. In the past few years, PW has come back up to date, helping to define curls in wavy and curly hair and to create waves in straight hair. “Afro permanent” and “Beach waves” are some popular names for these new uses of PW. The primary safety concerns for PW generally arise from misuse or failure to comply with the product's usage instructions. Skin irritation, hair breakage, oral toxicity, sensitization, and scarring alopecia have been reported in the literature. Therefore, dermatologists need to understand well this matter to properly advise patients on how to get the best outcome without hazards. This review aims to discuss the main types of reducing agents used, the different techniques, the consequences to hair shafts, and the most important patients’ recommendations on this topic.
Development and psychometric testing of a scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing
Authors: Sastre‐Rus Meritxell , Tomás‐Sábado Joaquín , Juliá‐Sanchis Rocío , Roldán‐Merino Juan Francisco , Puig‐Llobet Montserrat , Lluch‐Canut María Teresa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo develop a new scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing based on Peplau's model of psychodynamic nursing and to examine its psychometric properties.BackgroundThe stigma of mental illness continues to cause problems today for patients, families and mental health professionals. For individuals with a mental disorder, stigma can result in restricted opportunities, social exclusion and the denial of rights. Associative stigma in mental health professionals is becoming a major problem and is related to increased depersonalisation, higher levels of emotional exhaustion and diminished job satisfaction among mental health professionals. Nursing may play a key role in reducing the stigma associated with mental illness, but there are no specific scales for the measurement of associative stigma in nursing.DesignDevelopment of an instrument. A STROBE checklist was completed.MethodsThis study involved two stages: (a) item generation and content validation; (b) examining the reliability and convergent/discriminant validity of the scale. A developmental and methodological design was used. Data were collected between November 2016–December 2017 from a sample of 737 nursing undergraduates.ResultsThe results indicated good internal consistency for the final 20‐item scale for assessing the associative stigma of mental illness in nursing, which is considered in terms of three dimensions: Violence/Dangerousness, Disability, and Irresponsibility/Lack of Competence. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a three‐factor structure consistent with the theoretical model.ConclusionsThe 20‐item EVEPEM (from its Spanish acronym) derived from Peplau's theory was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing the stigma of mental illness in the nursing setting.Relevance to clinical practiceReliable instruments are needed to measure the effectiveness of anti‐stigma interventions for mental health professionals. The results indicate that the tool developed is a valid and reliable instrument for use in the nursing setting.
The face of Dental Sleep Medicine in the 21st century
Authors: Lobbezoo Frank , Lavigne Gilles J. , Kato Takafumi , de Almeida Fernanda R. , Aarab Ghizlane 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIt becomes increasingly clear that some sleep disorders have important diagnostic and/or management links to the dental domain, hence the emergence of the discipline ‘Dental Sleep Medicine’. In this review, the following topics are discussed: 1. the reciprocal associations between oro‐facial pain and sleep; 2. the associations between sleep bruxism and other sleep‐related disorders; 3. the role of the dentist in the assessment and management of sleep bruxism; and 4. the dental management of obstructive sleep apnoea. From these topics' descriptions, it becomes clear that the role of the dentist in the recognition and management of sleep‐related oro‐facial pain, sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnoea is large and important. Since many dental sleep disorders can have severe consequences for the individual's general health and well‐being, it is imperative that dentists are not only willing to take on that role, but are also able to do so. This requires more attention for Dental Sleep Medicine in the dental curricula worldwide, as well as better postgraduate training of dentists who are interested in specialising in this intriguing domain. This review contributes to increasing the dental researcher's, teacher's and care professional's insight into the discipline ‘Dental Sleep Medicine’ as it has taken shape in the 21st century, to the benefit of all patients suffering from dental sleep disorders.
Variability in tongue pressure among elderly and young healthy cohorts: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arakawa Itsuka , Igarashi Kensuke , Imamura Yoshiki , Müller Frauke , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Schimmel Martin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTongue pressure (TP) is used for the diagnosis of oral hypofunction; however, the impact of several variables on TP is unclear. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to analyse the variability in tongue pressure among healthy individuals aged ≥60 years vs <60 years. Secondary outcomes were the influence of gender and the type of measuring device (Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) vs JMS tongue pressure measurement device (JMS)).MethodsPubMed and the Japanese database Ichushi‐Web were searched systematically by two independent reviewers for studies reporting TP values in healthy populations. Clinical studies published between 1959 and June 2020 with more than 10 participants, written in English, German or Japanese, were included. A random‐effects meta‐regression for aggregate‐level data was applied (α < 0.05).ResultsSixty‐eight studies reported TP for a total of 13 773 subjects aged <60 years (n = 3265) and ≥60 years (n = 10 508). TP was significantly higher in subjects <60 years (estimated weighted mean (EWM) ± standard error = 51.9 ± 1.28 kPa; 95% CI = 49.4‐54.4) relative to those ≥60 (EWM = 34.7 ± 0.94 kPa; 95% CI = 32.8‐36.5) (P < .001), men (EWM = 45.9 ± 2.09 kPa; 95% CI = 41.8‐50.0) relative to women (EWM = 39.3 ± 1.68 kPa; 95% CI = 36.0‐42.6) (P = .015) and when assessed with the IOPI (EWM = 51.9 ± 1.32 kPa; 95% CI = 49.3‐54.5) compared to the JMS (EWM = 33.5 ± 0.63 kPa; 95% CI = 32.2‐34.7) (P < .001). In terms of gender, there was no significant difference in TP among subjects ≥60 years (P = .282). However, in subjects younger than 60, a significant difference was observed (P = .004).ConclusionsHealthy populations aged <60 years showed significantly higher TP than those aged ≥60 years. TP values ascertained by the IOPI are significantly higher than those obtained with the JMS.
Effectiveness of different mandibular advancement device designs in obstructive sleep apnoea therapy: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta‐analysis
Authors: Bartolucci Maria Lavinia , Bortolotti Francesco , Corazza Giulia , Incerti Parenti Serena , Paganelli Corrado , Alessandri Bonetti Giulio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMandibular advancement devices (MADs) are used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). To date, there are no data that identify the most effective MAD design for apnoea‐hypopnea index (AHI) reduction. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of different MAD designs in AHI reduction and oxygen saturation improvement in OSA patients. An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane Database, Scopus, Web of Knowledge and LILACS. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the reduction of AHI on adult patients wearing MAD for OSA were included. The quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and the risk of bias by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised controlled trial. The success rate of each study was computed: [(mean baseline AHI − mean AHI after treatment)/mean baseline AHI]. Fifty RCTs were included. The risk of bias resulted with some concerns in most of the studies. The GRADE scores indicated that the quality of evidence was very low. The meta‐analysis showed a success rate with mono‐bloc and duo‐bloc MADs respectively of 0.821 [0.722‐0.887] and 0.547 [0.443‐0.637]. The mono‐bloc compared with duo‐bloc better improved the minimum oxygen saturation (10.048 [7.733‐12.363] and 3.357 [2.290‐4.423], respectively). There is a very low quality body of evidence that mono‐bloc MADs are more effective in reducing AHI and improving minimum oxygen saturation compared with duo‐bloc MADs. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (n. CRD42019118084).
Short‐term effects of the Sander bite‐jumping appliance on the pharyngeal airways in subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion: A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Rongo Roberto , Martina Stefano , Bucci Rosaria , Festa Paola , Galeotti Angela , Alessandri Bonetti Giulio , Michelotti Ambrosina , D’Antò Vincenzo 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundSkeletal Class II subjects present often a retruded mandible that might increase the probability of breathing disorders.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of functional treatment by means of the Sander bite‐jumping appliance (BJA) on the upper airways of growing subjects.MethodsThirty‐four subjects (21 males, 13 females; mean age 11.1 ± 1.2 years) with skeletal Class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion were treated with the Sander BJA (BJA group). The control group consisted of thirty‐four untreated subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusion (25 males, 9 females; 10.4 ± 1.2 years; CTR group). The effect of the Sander BJA appliance on the airway dimensions was evaluated by comparing lateral cephalograms recorded before (T0) and after (T1) the period of observation/treatment. Within‐ and between‐group comparisons were statistically evaluated according to the distribution of the data (P < .05).ResultsThe oropharyngeal region (ph_pph) increased in the BJA group (1.8 ± 3.2; P = .001) but the difference respect to the CTR group was not statistically significant (0.73 ± 4.0; P = .314; P = .077). The tongue height (th) increased in the BJA group (2.8 ± 3.7; P < .001), and this increase was statistically significant respect to the CTR group (0.6 ± 4.7; P = .461; P = .038). In the BJA, the Ans_Pns_P angle showed a statistically significant decrease (−3.8 ± 7.8; P = .007) compared to the CTR group (−0.1 ± 5.4; P = .705; P = .026).ConclusionsThe airway dimensions increased for both control subjects and Class II patients treated with Sander BJA due to physiological growth. The Sander BJA induced a statistically significant change in the tongue and soft palate position, but the clinically relevant of these changes is questionable.
Essentializing happiness reduces one’s motivation to be happier
Authors: Choi Incheol , Yu Jaekyung , Lee Jinhyeon , Choi Eunsoo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the essentialist lay theories of happiness (i.e., beliefs that happiness is determined by one’s genes and hence, immutable) and its implications for motivation to enhance one’s happiness level.MethodStudy 1 (N = 454) developed a scale called the “Essentialist Beliefs about Happiness (EBH)” and Study 2 (N = 207) validated the scale by comprehensively examining conceptually overlapping constructs related to the EBH. In Study 3 (N = 401) and Study 4 (N = 452), by utilizing correlational and experimental methods, we tested the effect of the EBH on motivation to enhance happiness.ResultsUsing the scale developed and validated in Study 1 and Study 2, Study 3 and Study 4 found that the essentialist beliefs about happiness predicted reduced motivation to be happier. Specifically, participants with greater essentialist beliefs about happiness were less likely to engage in happiness‐boosting activities. Specifically, those who believed that happiness is influenced by one's attitude and effort had greater intention to engage in happiness‐boosting activities.ConclusionsThe present results provide new insight into the role of individual differences in essentialist lay theories of happiness in motivational state in well‐being domain.
Cannabis use is associated with a lower risk of diabetes in chronic hepatitis C‐infected patients (ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort)
Authors: Barré Tangui , Nishimwe Marie Libérée , Protopopescu Camelia , Marcellin Fabienne , Carrat Fabrice , Dorival Céline , Delarocque‐Astagneau Elisabeth , Larrey Dominique , Bourlière Marc , Petrov‐Sanchez Ventzislava , Simony Mélanie , Pol Stanislas , Fontaine Hélène , Carrieri Patrizia ,   the ANRS/AFEF Hepather study group
Published: August 2020

AbstractChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a risk factor of insulin resistance, and HCV‐infected patients are at a high risk of developing diabetes. In the general population, research has shown the potential benefit of cannabis use for the prevention of diabetes and related metabolic disorders. We aimed to test whether cannabis use is associated with a lower risk of diabetes in chronic HCV‐infected patients. Chronic HCV‐infected patients (n = 10 445) were selected from the French national, multicenter, observational ANRS CO22 Hepather cohort. Cross‐sectional data collected at cohort enrollment were used to assess the association between patients’ clinical and behavioural characteristics and the risk of diabetes. Logistic regression model was performed with cannabis use as the main independent variable and a significance level set at 5%. A similar model stratified by the presence of advanced liver fibrosis (FIB‐4 > 3.25) was also run. After multivariable adjustment, current (AOR [95%CI]: 0.49 [0.38‐0.63]) and former (0.81 [0.67‐0.98], P < .001) cannabis use were both associated with a reduced odds of diabetes. Conversely, male gender, tobacco use, elevated BMI, poverty, being a migrant and advanced fibrosis were associated with increased odds of diabetes. The association between cannabis use and diabetes was maintained in the stratified analysis. In this large cross‐sectional study of chronic HCV‐infected patients, cannabis use was associated with a lower risk of diabetes independently of clinical and socio‐behavioural factors. Further studies are needed to elucidate a potential causal link and shed light on cannabis compounds and mechanisms involved in this relationship.
Bile duct obstruction associated with pancreatitis in 46 dogs
Authors: Wilkinson Ashley R. , DeMonaco Stefanie M. , Panciera David L. , Otoni Cristiane C. , Leib Michael S. , Larson Martha M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPancreatitis is a common cause of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction (EHBDO) in dogs. Information describing the clinical course of dogs with pancreatitis associated bile duct obstruction (PABDO) is limited.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical course of PABDO in dogs and determine if presumed markers of disease severity are predictors of survival.AnimalsForty‐six client‐owned dogs with PABDO.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records from dogs diagnosed with PABDO was performed. Data, including clinical signs and biochemical changes, were collected 6 times throughout the course of disease. Outcome was defined as either survival (discharge from the hospital) or death.ResultsThirty‐three (79%) out of 42 dogs with PABDO survived. Thirty‐one (94%) of the 33 dogs that survived received medical management alone. Time from onset of clinical signs to initial documented increase in serum bilirubin concentration, peak bilirubin elevation, and initial decline in serum bilirubin concentration were 7 (median), 8, and 15 days, respectively. The median number of days from onset of clinical signs to outcome date was 13. Clinical signs of fever, vomiting, and anorexia were decreased in frequency from the onset of clinical signs to the time of peak bilirubin. Median bile duct dilatation at the time of ultrasonographic diagnosis of PABDO and peak bilirubin were not different between survivors (7.6 mm, 11.7 mg/dL) and nonsurvivors (6 mm, 10.6 mg/dL,P= .12,P= .8).ConclusionsDogs with PABDO often have a prolonged course of illness and improve clinically despite biochemical evidence of progression of EHBDO.
Anglo‐Muslim relations in 18th‐century literature and culture
Authors: Cahill Samara Anne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn analytical toolkit particular to English constructions of the Ottomans is needed to grapple with representations of Anglo‐Muslim relations in the 18th century. That toolkit is a work in progress, but would include recognition of the following: (1) the current state of archival access reinforces a Eurocentric perspective; (2) the relative geopolitical power of England and the Ottoman Empire shifted drastically in the 18th century; (3) the necessity of a strategic post‐Saidian theoretical framework; (4) a polemical repertoire of comparison and projection (“Mahometanism”) often used stereotypically imagined Muslims as stand‐ins for non‐Muslim targets; (5) the politics of confessionalization meant that Islam's non‐Trinitarian monotheism was a challenge to Anglican authority; and (6) polemical uses of Islam particularly focused on issues of political authority, religious toleration, and women's rights.
Population and distribution of beaversCastor fiberandCastor canadensisin Eurasia
Authors: Halley Duncan J. , Saveljev Alexander P. , Rosell Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA century ago, overhunting had reduced Eurasian beaverCastor fiberpopulations to c. 1200 animals in scattered refugia from France to Mongolia. Reintroductions and natural spread have since restored the species to large areas of its original range. Population has more than tripled since the first modern estimate in 1998; the minimum estimate is now c. 1.5 million.Range expansion 2000–2020 has been rapid, with large extensions in western and south‐central Europe, southern Russia, and west and central Siberia. Beavers are now re‐established in all countries of their former European range except for Portugal, Italy, and the southern Balkans; they occur broadly across Siberia to Mongolia, with scattered populations father east. About half of the world population lives in Russia. Populations appear to be mature in much of European Russia, Belarus, the Baltic States, and Poland.There is a significant population of North American beaverCastor canadensisin Finland and north‐west Russia. Most other 20th‐Century introductions of this species have become extinct or been removed.Recent DNA studies have improved understanding ofCastor fiberpopulation prehistory and history. Two clades, east and west, are extant; a third ‘Danube’ clade is extinct. Refugial populations were strongly bottlenecked, with loss of genetic diversity through genetic drift.Future range extension, and large increases in populations and in impacts on freshwater systems, can be expected. Beavers are now recolonising densely populated, intensely modified, low‐relief regions, such as England, the Netherlands, Belgium, and north‐west Germany. They will become much more common and widespread there in coming decades. As beavers are ecosystem engineers with profound effects on riparian habitats, attention to integrating beaver management into these landscapes using experience gained in other areas – before the rapid increase in population densities and impacts occurs – is recommended.