bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploration of alternatives of elastic recovery and conventional fatigue tests of modified binders
Authors: Morshed M. M. Tariq , Hossain Zahid , Chen Dao-Hao , Baumgardner Gaylon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFor characterizing polymer modified binders, different state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) use a variety of laborious and empirical Performance Grade (PG) “Plus” test methods such as elastic recovery (ER) and tenacity. However, the effects of elasto meric and/or plastomeric polymers are not been accurately identified through these conventional tests. The main research goal of this study is to recommend alternative test method(s), which can be pursued by using a, commonly available, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). To this end, efficacies of test methods such as multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), elastic recovery using a DSR (ER-DSR), linear amplitude sweep (LAS), and binder yield energy test (BYET) were explored in this study. Also, a viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) model was developed to characterize the fatigue cracking of asphalt binders. Two types of polymer modi fied binders from ten sources approved by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) and Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT) were evaluated in the laboratory. Test results and analyses suggest that without risking the suppliers or users, either the ER-DSR or MSCR test can be a good replacement of the ER test method. A new ER-DSR binder grading system has been proposed. Among the selected fatigue tests, the BYET results were found to be highly related to fatigue damage.
Specificity of assemblage, not fungal partner species, explains mycorrhizal partnerships of mycoheterotrophic Burmannia plants
Authors: Zhao Zhongtao , Li Xiaojuan , Liu Ming Fai , Merckx Vincent S F T , Saunders Richard M K , Zhang Dianxiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) growing on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) usually maintain specialized mycorrhizal associations. The level of specificity varies between MHPs, although it remains largely unknown whether interactions with mycorrhizal fungi differ by plant lineage, species, and/or by population. Here, we investigate the mycorrhizal interactions among Burmannia species (Burmanniaceae) with different trophic modes using high-throughput DNA sequencing. We characterized the inter- and intraspecific dynamics of the fungal communities by assessing the composition and diversity of fungi among sites. We found that fully mycoheterotrophic species are more specialized in their fungal associations than chlorophyllous species, and that this specialization possibly results from the gradual loss of some fungal groups. In particular, although many fungal species were shared by different Burmannia species, fully MHP species typically host species-specific fungal assemblages, suggesting that they have a preference for the selected fungi. Although no apparent cophylogenetic relationship was detected between fungi and plants, we observe that evolutionarily closely related plants tend to have a greater proportion of shared or closely related fungal partners. Our findings suggest a host preference and specialization toward fungal assemblages in Burmannia, improving understanding of interactions between MHPs and fungi.
‘CTRL’: an online, Dynamic Consent and participant engagement platform working towards solving the complexities of consent in genomic research
Authors: Haas Matilda A. , Teare Harriet , Prictor Megan , Ceregra Gabi , Vidgen Miranda E. , Bunker David , Kaye Jane , Boughtwood Tiffany 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe complexities of the informed consent process for participating in research in genomic medicine are well-documented. Inspired by the potential for Dynamic Consent to increase participant choice and autonomy in decision-making, as well as the opportunities for ongoing participant engagement it affords, we wanted to trial Dynamic Consent and to do so developed our own web-based application (web app) called CTRL (control). This paper documents the design and development of CTRL, for use in the Australian Genomics study: a health services research project building evidence to inform the integration of genomic medicine into mainstream healthcare. Australian Genomics brought together a multi-disciplinary team to develop CTRL. The design and development process considered user experience; security and privacy; the application of international standards in data sharing; IT, operational and ethical issues. The CTRL tool is now being offered to participants in the study, who can use CTRL to keep personal and contact details up to date; make consent choices (including indicate preferences for return of results and future research use of biological samples, genomic and health data); follow their progress through the study; complete surveys, contact the researchers and access study news and information. While there are remaining challenges to implementing Dynamic Consent in genomic research, this study demonstrates the feasibility of building such a tool, and its ongoing use will provide evidence about the value of Dynamic Consent in large-scale genomic research programs.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Respiratory Distress Type 1 (SMARD1): Are We Diagnosing Yet?
Authors: Reddy Chaithanya , Paria Pradip , Chatterjee Debajyoti , Saini Arushi G. , Suthar Renu , Singanamalla Bhanudeep , Kochar Gurpreet 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe spectrum of disorders associated with the IGHMBP2 (immunoglobulin μ-binding protein 2) gene pathogenic variants is still unknown. In this case report, we discussed an interesting case of genetically confirmed spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) with atypical sparing of the diaphragm, thus expanding the phenotypic spectrum of this intriguing disorder and also highlight the importance of reconsidering the selection criteria for considering IGHMBP2 pathogenic variants.
Antenatal Steroids and Acute Kidney Injury in Preterm Infants
Authors: Üstün Nuran , Arslanoglu Sertac , Ovali Fahri 
Published: January 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to identify the effects of antenatal steroids (ANS) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of VLBW infants admitted to a tertiary-care neonatal intensive care unit between January 2016 and June 2019. Infants were divided into no ANS, partial ANS, and complete ANS groups. Serum creatinine (SCr) levels and rates of AKI during the first 2 weeks of life were compared.
Results During the study period, 335 infants met our inclusion criteria. Among no, partial, and complete ANS groups, there were significant differences in rates of stages 2 and 3 AKI (17, 11, and 6%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that complete ANS course was associated with lower rates of AKI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20–0.83) and stages 2 and 3 AKI (OR = 0.205 95% CI: 0.075–0.563) compared with no ANS. Infants in complete ANS group had significantly lower SCr at 72 hours of life and at discharge, SCr peak was compared with infants in no ANS group.
Conclusion In VLBW infants, complete ANS exposure may be associated with improved renal function and decreased risk for AKI compared with no ANS.
Key Points
Frequency and Severity of Chlorothiazide-Induced Hyponatremia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Harkin Maura , Johnson Peter N. , Neely Stephen B. , White Lauren , Miller Jamie L. 
Published: January 2021

Objective Although thiazide diuretics are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the risk of thiazide-induced hyponatremia in infants has not been well documented. The primary objective of this study was to determine the frequency and severity of hyponatremia in neonates and infants receiving enteral chlorothiazide. Secondary objectives included identifying: (1) percent change in serum sodium from before chlorothiazide initiation to nadir, (2) time to reach nadir serum sodium concentration, and (3) percentage of patients on chlorothiazide receiving sodium supplementation.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of NICU patients admitted between July 1, 2014, and July 31, 2019, who received ≥1 dose of enteral chlorothiazide. Mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia were defined as serum sodium of 130 to 134 mEq/L, 120 to 129 mEq/L, and less than 120 mEq/L, respectively. Data including serum electrolytes, chlorothiazide dosing, and sodium supplementation were collected for the first 2 weeks of therapy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in SAS software, Version 9.4.
Results One hundred and seven patients, receiving 127 chlorothiazide courses, were included. The median gestational age at birth and postmenstrual age at initiation were 26.0 and 35.9 weeks, respectively. The overall frequency of hyponatremia was 35.4% (45/127 courses). Mild, moderate, and severe hyponatremia were reported in 27 (21.3%), 16 (12.6%), and 2 (1.6%) courses. The median percent decrease in serum sodium from baseline to nadir was 2.9%, and the median time to nadir sodium was 5 days. Enteral sodium supplements were administered in 52 (40.9%) courses. Sixteen courses (12.6%) were discontinued within the first 14 days of therapy due to hyponatremia.
Conclusion Hyponatremia occurred in over 35% of courses of enteral chlorothiazide in neonates and infants. Given the high frequency of hyponatremia, serum sodium should be monitored closely in infants receiving chlorothiazide. Providers should consider early initiation of sodium supplements if warranted.
Key Points
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Short-Term Outcomes of Full-Term Low Birth Weight Infants Born at a Tertiary Academic Center: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Authors: Al-Wassia Heidi K. , Baarimah Shahd K. , Mohammedsaleh Asmaa H. , Alsulami Manal O. , Abbas Ragad S. , Rezqallah Raghad A. , Alawadi Raghda A. , Aljohani Saja M. 
Published: January 2021

Objective Low birth weight (LBW) infants (<2,500 g) continued to be a global health problem because of the associated short- and long-term adverse outcomes. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of term LBW infants
Study Design A prospective and case–control study. All infants born consecutively from September 1, 2018 to August 31, 2019 were included. Cases, term LBW infants, were 1:1 matched to controls, appropriate for gestational age (AGA) term infants. Major congenital or chromosomal anomalies and multiple pregnancies were excluded.
Results The prevalence of term LBW in the studied period was 4.8%. Mothers of term LBW infants had significantly lower body mass index (p = 0.05), gained less weight (p = 0.01), had a history of previous LBW (p = 0.01), and lower monthly income (p = 0.04) compared with mothers of term AGA infants even after adjustment for confounders. A nonsignificant higher number of term LBW infants needed NICU admission, while their need for phototherapy was deemed significant.
Conclusion We identified nutritional and socioeconomic maternal factors that are significantly associated with LBW infants and should be targeted during antenatal visits to improve neonatal outcomes.
Key Points
Neonatal Outcomes at Extreme Prematurity by Gestational Age Versus Birth Weight in a Contemporary Cohort
Authors: Ausbeck Elizabeth B. , Allman Phillip Hunter , Szychowski Jeff M. , Subramaniam Akila , Katheria Anup 
Published: January 2021

Objective The aim of the study is to describe the rates of neonatal death and severe neonatal morbidity in a contemporary cohort, as well as to evaluate the predictive value of birth gestational age (GA) and birth weight, independently and combined, for neonatal mortality and morbidity in the same contemporary cohort.Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of an international, multicenter randomized controlled trial of delayed umbilical cord clamping versus umbilical cord milking in preterm infants born at 230/7 to 316/7 weeks of gestation. The current analysis was restricted to infants delivered <28 weeks. The primary outcomes of this analysis were neonatal death and a composite of severe neonatal morbidity. Incidence of outcomes was compared by weeks of GA, with planned subanalysis comparing small for gestational age (SGA) versus non-SGA neonates. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to model these outcomes based on birth GA, birth weight, or a combination of both as primary independent predictors to determine which had superior ability to predict outcomes.Results Of 474 neonates in the original trial, 180 (38%) were included in this analysis. Overall, death occurred in 27 (15%) and severe morbidity in 139 (77%) neonates. Rates of mortality and morbidity declined with increasing GA (mortality 54% at 23 vs. 9% at 27 weeks). SGA infants (n = 25) had significantly higher mortality compared with non-SGA infants across all GAs (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the predictive value for neonatal death or severe morbidity between the three prediction options (GA, birth weight, or GA and birth weight).Conclusion Death and severe neonatal morbidity declined with advancing GA, with higher rates of death in SGA infants. Birth GA and birth weight were both good predictors of outcomes; however, combining the two was not more predictive, even in SGA infants.Key Points
Improved acetone gas sensing performance based on optimization of a transition metal doped WO3 system at room temperature
Authors: Pi Mingyu , Zheng Liyu , Luo Haoyue , Duan Simiao , Li Chenlu , Yang Jie , Zhang Dingke , Chen Shijian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes an effective strategy of material system optimization to improve acetone gas sensing performance based on hydrothermally processed transition metal (Fe, Co or Ni)-doped WO3 materials. A detailed comparison of the capability of pure WO3 and X:WO3 (X = Fe, Co, Ni) to sense acetone gas at room temperature was performed. It was found that the sensitivity of Ni:WO3 nanoflowers to acetone was much higher than that of pure WO3, Fe:WO3 and Co:WO3 under white light irradiation. To obtain a highly sensitive acetone gas sensor, the molar doping ratio of Ni to WO3 was further optimized. It was found that 3%Ni:WO3 had the highest response–recovery speed and the best target gas selectivity. Acetone with a concentration as low as 2 ppm can be detected at room temperature (20 °C). The sensitivity enhancement mechanism of the Ni:WO3 gas sensor is also discussed. It is expected that under white light irradiation the proposed Ni-doped WO3 can be used as a highly sensitive and selective acetone gas sensor at room temperature.
Enhanced switching performance of resistance random access memories by an inserted copper tellurium layer
Authors: Chen Po-Hsun , Lin Chih-Yang , Chang Jing-Shuen , Tseng Yi-Ting , Huang Jen-Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this work, we systematically investigate the effects of the insertion of the solid-state electrolyte material copper–tellurium (CuTe) in resistance random access memory (RRAM). The CuTe layer is inserted as Cu/CuTe/SiO2/TiN (top-to-bottom) and the device exhibits excellent resistance switching (RS) characteristics such as lower forming bias, a larger memory window and faster RS speed, compared to the Cu/SiO2/TiN device. This validates the effects of the inserted CuTe layer with a Cu electrode. Furthermore, an additionally fabricated Cu/CuTe/TiN device demonstrates that the CuTe layer can also successfully act as a middle insulator for the RRAM device, based on the obtained experimental results.
A method to obtain the wind field characteristics of super-large aperture radio telescope site based on single-point wind tower and numerical simulation
Authors: He Fei-Long , Xu Qian , Wang Na , Zhu Chun-Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe influence of wind on the pointing accuracy of large aperture radio telescopes is becoming increasingly serious, especially at high observing frequency. Obtaining the wind field characteristics efficiently is very important to reduce the wind disturbance on antenna structure. In this paper, an error evaluation of numerical simulation method is established based on the measured data of single point wind tower, and the wind field characteristics are obtained from the evaluated numerical simulation results combined with the measured data for the 110 m aperture QiTai radio Telescope (QTT) site. According to the simulation results, compared with the measured data, the root mean square error (RMSE) of wind speed is less than 1 m s−1, and the minimum wind speed RMSE is 0.2 m s−1. An analysis of the wind field characteristics of the QTT site suggests that the active wind resistance design of the antenna periphery should focus on the SSW (south-south-west) direction.
Gamma-ray bursts with extended emission: classifications, energy correlations and radiation properties
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Lu , Zhang Chuan-Tao , Li Xu-Juan , Su Fu-Fang , Dong Xiao-Fei , Chang Heon-Young , Zhang Zhi-Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Thanks to more and more gamma-ray bursts with measured redshift and extended emission detected by the recent space telescopes, it is urgent and possible to check whether those previous energy correlations still satisfy the particular sample involving only the bursts accompanied by tail radiations. Using 20 long and 22 short bursts with extended emission, we find that the popular γ-ray energy correlations of the intrinsic peak energy versus the isotropic energy (Amati relation) and the intrinsic peak energy versus the peak luminosity (Yonetoku relation) do exist in both short and long bursts. However, it is much better if these gamma-ray bursts with extended emissions are reclassified into two subgroups of E-I and E-II that make the above energy correlations more tight. As proposed by Zhang et al., the energy correlations can be utilized to distinguish these kinds of gamma-ray bursts in the plane of bolometric fluence versus peak energy as well. Interestingly, the peculiar short GRB 170817A belongs to the E-I group in the fluence versus peak energy plane, but it is an outlier of both the Amati and Yonetoku relations even though the off-axis effect has been corrected. Furthermore, we compare the radiation features between the extended emissions and the prompt gamma-rays in order to search for their possible connections. Taking into account all these factors, we conclude that gamma-ray bursts with extended emission are still required to model with dichotomic groups, namely E-I and E-II classes, which hint that they might have different origins.
The wide-field photometric system of the Nanshan One-meter Telescope
Authors: Bai Chun-Hai , Feng Guo-Jie , Zhang Xuan , Niu Hu-Biao , Eskandar Abdusamatjan , Pu Guang-Xin , Ma Shu-Guo , Liu Jin-Zhong , Jiang Xiao-Jun , Ma Lu , Esamdin Ali , Wang Na 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Nanshan One-meterWide-field Telescope is a prime focus system that is located at Nanshan Station of Xinjiang Astronomical Observatories. The field of view was designed to 1.5° × 1.5°, and the Johnson-Cousins UBVRI system was chosen as the main filter set. The telescope has been providing observation services for astronomers since September 2013. Variable source searching and time-domain surveys are the main scientific goals. The system’s test results are reported including linearity, dark current, bias, readout noise and gain of the CCD camera. The accurate instrumental calibration coefficients in UBVRI bands were driven with Landolt standard stars during photometric nights. Finally, the limiting magnitudes are given with signal-to-noise ratios and various exposure times for observers.
Statements of the boundary value problems in mathematical simulation of a quasistationary electric field in the atmosphere and ionosphere
Authors: Denisenko Valery 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Boundary-value problems which have to be solved in the frame of the mathematical models of quasi-stationary electric fields and currents in the global conductor, that consists of the Earth’s ionosphere and the atmosphere are formulated. The approach based on the domain decomposition is used. A quadratic energy functional is constructed. It allows us to reduce the solution of the boundary value problem for a three-dimensional elliptic differential equation with asymmetric coefficients to minimizing of the functional. Estimates of the quadratic form in comparison with the Dirichlet principle for the Poisson equation are obtained. These estimates allow us to assess the condition number of the matrix of the system of linear algebraic equations, arising in the numerical solution to the problem.
Complete spectra of periodicities in the problems of differentiation of closely related bacterial genomes
Authors: Miroshnichenko L A , Gusev V D 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tandem repeats (periodicities) constitute a significant part of the genomes of various organisms. They are often used as molecular markers in problems of differentiation of related objects. As such, bacteria of pseudotuberculosis and plague are considered. Genetically, the pathogen causing plague, Yersinia pestis, is very similar to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. A comparison is made of the full spectra of periodicities in the genomes of bacteria of both species. Their general and species-specific features have been identified, confirming the high classification potential of the used object description.
Numerical solution of the integral equations of the electromagnetic field in geosteering problems
Authors: Bondarenko A.V. , Velker N. N. , Kushnir D.Yu. , Dyatlov G.V. , Dashevsky Yu.A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Extra-deep azimuthal resistivity measurements improve the depth of investigation up to 30 m from the wellbore. Interpretation of electromagnetic logging data in the neighbourhood of a well becomes an important technical problem. We present an efficient parallel method for computation of induction tool responses with multiple transmitter–receiver configurations in 2D pixel-based anisotropic model crossed by an arbitrary well trajectory. The cornerstone of the approach is volume integral equation method. We consider the conductivity distribution as a sum of background and anomalous conductivities. Background conductivity is 1D-layered. Anomalous conductivity has arbitrary 2D distribution. Electromagnetic fields are the superposition of background and anomalous fields. Background fields are calculated exactly using rigorous analytical solution for 1D-layered background model. With this approach, the 2D pixel-based model is treated as an extension of the 1D-layered model. The anomalous fields are required only in pixels with conductivity different from the conductivity of the 1D-layered model. Anomalous fields are calculated using convergent series of integral operators [1]. The approach takes into account conductivity anisotropy and allows obtaining both the exact solution and the fast approximate one. The convergence of approximate solution is investigated on some synthetic examples.
Computed tomography imaging using a short pulse source with angular discontinuity
Authors: Prokhorov I V , Yarovenko I P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with an inverse problem that consists of the attenuation coefficient identification for the non-stationary radiation transfer equation. To solve the problem, we propose to use a pulsed radiation source with an angular discontinuity. We show that the solution to the radiation transfer equation is the sum of a discontinuous ballistic component and a continuous scattered one.The representation, allows us to obtain a formula for finding the attenuation coefficient. The uniqueness theorem for the solution of the inverse problem has been proved. Numerical experiments on a digital phantom show that the method proposed improves the reconstruction quality.