bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with dementia: the felt worth of support workers
Authors: Hale Leigh Anne , Jenkins Matthew Lee , Mayland Beth , Buttery Yvette , Norris Pauline , Butler Mary , Holland Michelle , Ngocha-Chaderopa Esther , McKenzie-Green Barbara , Czuba Karol , Sezier Ann , Kayes Nicola 
Published: December 2019

AbstractConsidering the important role that paid support workers play in care of older people with dementia, it is vital that researchers and relevant organisations understand the factors that lead to them feeling valued for the work that they do, and the consequences of such valuing (or lack thereof). The current study employed semi-structured interviews to understand the individual experiences of 15 support workers based both in residential care homes and private homes. The General Inductive Approach was used to analyse the interview transcriptions and to develop a conceptual model that describes the conditions that lead to support workers feeling valued for the work that they do. This model consists of organisational or individual strategies, the context in which support work takes place, and various interactions, actions and intervening conditions that facilitate or prevent support workers feeling valued. A significant finding in this research was the role of interpersonal relationships and interactions which underlie all other aspects of the conceptual model developed here. By understanding the importance of how employers, families of older adults with dementia and peers interact with support workers, we may promote not only the quality of work that support workers deliver, but also the wellbeing of the support workers themselves.
Conservation status of the threatened and endemic Rufous-throated DipperCinclus schulziin Argentina
Authors: POLITI NATALIA , MARTINUZZI SEBASTIÁN , ARAGÓN PATRICIA SARDINA , MIRANDA VERÓNICA , ALBANESI SEBASTIÁN , PUECHAGUT PATRICIA , RADELOFF VOLKER C. , PIDGEON ANNA , RIVERA LUIS 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe Rufous-throated DipperCinclus schulziis endemic to the Southern Yungas of north-western Argentina and southern Bolivia. The species is categorised as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List on the basis of small population size and restricted range. The purpose of our study was to determine the distribution of potentially suitable habitat for the Rufous-throated Dipper, estimate its population size, and assess potential distribution within strict protected areas, in north-western Argentina. We surveyed 44 rivers in the Southern Yungas of Argentina from 2010 to 2013 to determine dipper density (i.e. the number of individuals detected per km surveyed). The dipper’s potential distribution was assessed using a maximum entropy modeling approach based on 31 occurrence points and eight bioclimatic and two topographic variables as predictors. The species is dependent on mountain forest rivers, so the potential distribution was restricted to rivers. We estimated dipper population size by multiplying density by the potential distribution along rivers. Finally, we calculated the extent of suitable habitat contained within the boundaries of Argentina´s National Parks. Dipper density was 0.94 ± 1.55 individuals/km. We estimate that within north-west Argentina there are ~2,815 km of river that are potential habitat, with an area of occupancy of 141 km2and a population size of 2,657 ± 4,355 dippers. However, of this river extent, less than 5% is within National Parks. Our results highlight the need to create new and to enlarge existing National Parks that protect the potentially suitable habitat of the species. Although more information is needed for Bolivia, the country-level area of occupancy and population size of the dipper found in Argentina provides strong evidence that the IUCN Red List classification of this species as ‘Vulnerable’ is warranted.
X‐ray Signatures of Lightning‐Induced Electron Precipitation
Authors: Marshall R. A. , Xu W. , Sousa A. , McCarthy M. , Millan R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present detailed numerical modeling to predict expected X‐ray signatures from lightning‐induced electron precipitation (LEP) events. Simulations include the transionospheric propagation of the lightning electromagnetic pulse; ray tracing through the magnetosphere, including Landau damping; wave‐particle interactions resulting in loss cone fluxes; and Monte Carlo simulation of the electron precipitation process, including bremsstrahlung photon production and propagation to a balloon observing platform. Modeling is included to show that our simulated events are consistent with subionospheric very low frequency observations of LEP. Simulations show that these events should be observable from balloon‐based platforms. The modeled LEP event signatures, including X‐ray flux, spectrum, and pulse shape, are then compared with observations of energetic X‐ray pulses from the Balloon Array for Radiation‐belt Relativistic Electron Losses 1U balloon taken in January 2013 and are shown to be highly consistent with the observations. The pulses were observed near
, while the balloon was off the coast of Antarctica at about 70°S, 5–20°W. Correlations with GOES imagery and global lightning data, together with analysis of the temporal and spectral signatures of these pulses, led to the initial suggestion that these events could be signatures of LEP. However, for only a fraction of these events could a causative lightning discharge be identified in global lightning data sets. This poor correlation may be partially attributed to causative strokes being missed by the global lightning networks; nonetheless, we discuss other possible explanations for these events.
Contribution of Anisotropic Electron Current to the Magnetotail Current Sheet as a Function of Location and Plasma Conditions
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Vasko I. Y. , Petrukovich A. A. , Runov A. , Saito Y. , Avanov L. A. , Giles B. L. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe magnetotail current sheet carries the current responsible for the largest fraction of the energy storage in the magnetotail, the magnetic energy in the lobes. It is thus inextricably linked with the dynamics and evolution of many magnetospheric phenomena, such as substorms. The magnetotail current sheet structure and stability depend mostly on the kinetic properties of the plasma populating the magnetotail. One of the most underinvestigated properties of this plasma is electron temperature anisotropy, which may contribute a large fraction of the total current. Using observations from five missions in the magnetotail, we examine the electron temperature anisotropy, Te‖/Te⊥, and its potential contribution to the current density, quantified by the firehose parameter (βe‖−βe⊥)/2, across y∈[−20,20]RE and x∈[−100,−10]RE. We find that a significant fraction (>30%) of all current sheets have an anisotropic electron current density >10% of the total current. These current sheets form two distinct groups: (1) near‐Earth (<30 RE) accompanied by weak plasma flows (<100 km/s) and enhanced equatorial magnetic field (>3 nT) and (2) middle tail (>40 RE) accompanied by fast plasma flows (>300 km/s) and small equatorial magnetic field (≤1 nT). For a significant number of near‐Earth current sheets, the anisotropic electron current can be >25% of the total current density. Our findings suggest that electron temperature anisotropy should be included in current sheet models describing realistic magnetotail structure and dynamics.
Bach2 deficiency leads autoreactive B cells to produce IgG autoantibodies and induce lupus through a T cell-dependent extrafollicular pathway
Authors: Jang Eunkyeong , Kim Un Kyo , Jang Kiseok , Song Young Soo , Cha Ji-Young , Yi Hansol , Youn Jeehee 
Published: December 2019

AbstractClass-switched IgG autoantibodies but not unswitched IgM autoantibodies play a crucial role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Bach2 is known to be essential for class switch recombination of Ig genes, but recent genomic and clinical studies have suggested an association of Bach2 deficiency with SLE. This study was undertaken to examine the mechanism by which Bach2 regulates the development of SLE. Despite defects in Ig class switch recombination and germinal center formation when actively immunized,Bach2−/−mice spontaneously accumulated IgG autoantibody-secreting cells without germinal center reactions in a regulatory T cell-independent manner, and this phenomenon was accompanied by manifestations akin to SLE. Transcriptome analyses revealed that Bach2 regulated the expression of genes related to germinal center formation and SLE pathogenesis in B cells. B cell-specific deletion of Bach2 was sufficient to impair the development of germinal center B cells but insufficient to promote the production of IgG autoantibodies. Bach2 deficiency caused CD4+T cells to overexpress Icos and differentiate into extrafollicular helper T cells in a cell-autonomous manner. These findings suggest that Bach2-deficient autoreactive B cells preferentially react at extrafollicular sites to give rise to IgG class-switched pathogenic plasma cells and that this effect requires the help of Bach2-Icoshihelper T cells. Thus, the cell-autonomous roles of Bach2 in B cells and in their cognate CD4+T cells are required to maintain self-tolerance against SLE.
Sandwich-structure transferable free-form OLEDs for wearable and disposable skin wound photomedicine
Authors: Jeon Yongmin , Choi Hye-Ryung , Kwon Jeong Hyun , Choi Seungyeop , Nam Kyung Mi , Park Kyoung-Chan , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFree-form optoelectronic devices can provide hyper-connectivity over space and time. However, most conformable optoelectronic devices can only be fabricated on flat polymeric materials using low-temperature processes, limiting their application and forms. This paper presents free-form optoelectronic devices that are not dependent on the shape or material. For medical applications, the transferable OLED (10 μm) is formed in a sandwich structure with an ultra-thin transferable barrier (4.8 μm). The results showed that the fabricated sandwich-structure transferable OLED (STOLED) exhibit the same high-efficiency performance on cylindrical-shaped materials and on materials such as textile and paper. Because the neutral axis is freely adjustable using the sandwich structure, the textile-based OLED achieved both folding reliability and washing reliability, as well as a long operating life (>150 h). When keratinocytes were irradiated with red STOLED light, cell proliferation and cell migration increased by 26 and 32%, respectively. In the skin equivalent model, the epidermis thickness was increased by 39%; additionally, in organ culture, not only was the skin area increased by 14%, but also, re-epithelialization was highly induced. Based on the results, the STOLED is expected to be applicable in various wearable and disposable photomedical devices.
Cancer-educated mesenchymal stem cells promote the survival of cancer cells at primary and distant metastatic sites via the expansion of bone marrow-derived-PMN-MDSCs
Authors: Sai Buqing , Dai Yafei , Fan Songqing , Wang Fan , Wang Lujuan , Li Zheng , Tang Jingqun , Wang Li , Zhang Xina , Zheng Leliang , Chen Fei , Li Guiyuan , Xiang Juanjuan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. BMSCs are chemotactically guided towards the cancer cells and contribute to the formation of a cancer microenvironment. The homing of BMSCs was affected by various factors. Disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in distant organs, especially in the bone marrow, are the source of cancer metastasis and cancer relapse. DTC survival is also determined by the microenvironment. Here we aim to elucidate how cancer-educated BMSCs promote the survival of cancer cells at primary tumour sites and distant sites. We highlight the dynamic change by identifying different gene expression signatures in intratumoral BMSCs and in BMSCs that move back in the bone marrow. Intratumoral BMSCs acquire high mobility and displayed immunosuppressive effects. Intratumoral BMSCs that ultimately home to the bone marrow exhibit a strong immunosuppressive function. Cancer-educated BMSCs promote the survival of lung cancer cells via expansion of MDSCs in bone marrow, primary tumour sites and metastatic sites. These Ly6G+ MDSCs suppress proliferation of T cells. CXCL5, nitric oxide and GM-CSF produced by cancer-educated BMSCs contribute to the formation of malignant microenvironments. Treatment with CXCL5 antibody, the iNOS inhibitor 1400w and GM-CSF antibody reduced MDSC expansion in the bone marrow, primary tumour sites and metastatic sites, and promoted the efficiency of PD-L1 antibody. Our study reveals that cancer-educated BMSCs are the component of the niche for primary lung cancer cells and DTCs, and that they can be the target for immunotherapy.
Mitochondria ubiquitin ligase, MARCH5 resolves hepatitis B virus X protein aggregates in the liver pathogenesis
Authors: Yoo Young-Suk , Park Yeon-Ji , Lee Ho-Soo , Oanh Nguyen Thi Kim , Cho Mi-Young , Heo June , Lee Eun-Seo , Cho Hyeseon , Park Yong-Yea , Cho Hyeseong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) increase the incidence of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatitis B viral x (HBx) protein encoded by the HBV genome contributes to the pathogenesis of HCC and thus, negative regulation of HBx is beneficial for the alleviation of the disease pathogenesis. MARCH5 is a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase and here, we show that high MARCH5 expression levels are correlated with improved survival in HCC patients. MARCH5 interacts with HBx protein mainly accumulated in mitochondria and targets it for degradation. The N-terminal RING domain of MARCH5 was required for the interaction with HBx, and MARCH5H43W lacking E3 ligase activity failed to reduce HBx protein levels. High expression of HBx results in the formation of protein aggregates in semi-denaturing detergent agarose gels and MARCH5 mediates the elimination of protein aggregates through the proteasome pathway. HBx-induced ROS production, mitophagy, and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression were suppressed in the presence of high MARCH5 expression. These results suggest MARCH5 as a target for alleviating HBV-mediated liver disease.
Permeability of membranes in the liquid ordered and liquid disordered phases
Authors: Ghysels An , Krämer Andreas , Venable Richard M. , Teague Walter E. , Lyman Edward , Gawrisch Klaus , Pastor Richard W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe functional significance of ordered nanodomains (or rafts) in cholesterol rich eukaryotic cell membranes has only begun to be explored. This study exploits the correspondence of cellular rafts and liquid ordered (Lo) phases of three-component lipid bilayers to examine permeability. Molecular dynamics simulations of Lo phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), and cholesterol show that oxygen and water transit a leaflet through the DOPC and cholesterol rich boundaries of hexagonally packed DPPC microdomains, freely diffuse along the bilayer midplane, and escape the membrane along the boundary regions. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments provide critical validation: the measured ratio of oxygen concentrations near the midplanes of liquid disordered (Ld) and Lo bilayers of DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol is 1.75 ± 0.35, in very good agreement with 1.3 ± 0.3 obtained from simulation. The results show how cellular rafts can be structurally rigid signaling platforms while remaining nearly as permeable to small molecules as the Ld phase.
Reanalysing genomic data by normalized coverage values uncovers CNVs in bone marrow failure gene panels
Authors: Lauhasurayotin Supanun , Cuvelier Geoff D. , Klaassen Robert J. , Fernandez Conrad V. , Pastore Yves D. , Abish Sharon , Rayar Meera , Steele MacGregor , Jardine Lawrence , Breakey Vicky R. , Brossard Josee , Sinha Roona , Silva Mariana , Goodyear Lisa , Lipton Jeffrey H. , Michon Bruno , Corriveau-Bourque Catherine , Sung Lillian , Shabanova Iren , Li Hongbing , Zlateska Bozana , Dhanraj Santhosh , Cada Michaela , Scherer Stephen W. , Dror Yigal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are genetically heterogeneous disorders with cytopenia. Many IBMFSs also feature physical malformations and an increased risk of cancer. Point mutations can be identified in about half of patients. Copy number variation (CNVs) have been reported; however, the frequency and spectrum of CNVs are unknown. Unfortunately, current genome-wide methods have major limitations since they may miss small CNVs or may have low sensitivity due to low read depths. Herein, we aimed to determine whether reanalysis of NGS panel data by normalized coverage value could identify CNVs and characterize them. To address this aim, DNA from IBMFS patients was analyzed by a NGS panel assay of known IBMFS genes. After analysis for point mutations, heterozygous and homozygous CNVs were searched by normalized read coverage ratios and specific thresholds. Of the 258 tested patients, 91 were found to have pathogenic point variants. NGS sample data from 165 patients without pathogenic point mutations were re-analyzed for CNVs; 10 patients were found to have deletions. Diamond Blackfan anemia genes most commonly exhibited heterozygous deletions, and included RPS19, RPL11, and RPL5. A diagnosis of GATA2-related disorder was made in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome who was found to have a heterozygous GATA2 deletion. Importantly, homozygous FANCA deletion were detected in a patient who could not be previously assigned a specific syndromic diagnosis. Lastly, we identified compound heterozygousity for deletions and pathogenic point variants in RBM8A and PARN genes. All deletions were validated by orthogonal methods. We conclude that careful analysis of normalized coverage values can detect CNVs in NGS panels and should be considered as a standard practice prior to do further investigations.
A cartridge based Point-of-Care device for complete blood count
Authors: Abbasi Usama , Chowdhury Prasanta , Subramaniam Sasikala , Jain Prakhar , Muthe Nitin , Sheikh Faisal , Banerjee Subham , Kumaran V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate a proprietary lab-on-chip/μ TAS technology platform for a regulatory grade portable instrument for complete blood count (CBC) hematology tests including 3 part differential WBCs, RBCs, platelet and hemoglobin for rapid diagnostics at the point of care in resource-poor settings. Presently, diagnostics based on blood tests are confined to centralized laboratory settings, dependent on large footprint and expensive cytometers or on a microscope, requiring trained laboratory technicians. Consequently, such facilities are not present in rural and semi-urban settings, where there are opportunities and challenges in delivering efficient healthcare infrastructure at an affordable cost in resource-challenged environments. Our proposed design leverages advances in microfluidics and lab-on-chip fabrication techniques to miniaturize the conventional cytometer and bring down the cost significantly. The device can be operated autonomously, without skilled manpower, by primary healthcare professionals in the field and by patients (like glucose self-test devices). The instrument consists of a single-use chip, the size of a credit card, pre-loaded with reagents, in which the sample is loaded, and which is fluidically insulated from the environment. The controller, the size of a toaster, performs the necessary fluid handling and the impedance measurements to deliver the results in minutes.
High-starch diets alter equine faecal microbiota and increase behavioural reactivity
Authors: Bulmer Louise S. , Murray Jo-Anne , Burns Neil M. , Garber Anna , Wemelsfelder Francoise , McEwan Neil R. , Hastie Peter M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGut microbiota have been associated with health, disease and behaviour in several species and are an important link in gut-brain axis communication. Diet plays a key role in affecting the composition of gut microbiota. In horses, high-starch diets alter the hindgut microbiota. High-starch diets are also associated with increased behavioural reactivity in horses. These changes in microbiota and behaviour may be associated. This study compares the faecal microbiota and behaviour of 10 naïve ponies. A cross-over design was used with experimental groups fed high-starch (HS) or high-fibre (HF) diets. Results showed that ponies were more reactive and less settled when being fed the HS diet compared to the HF diet. Irrespective of diet, the bacterial profile was dominated by two main phyla,Firmicutes, closely followed byBacteroidetes. However, at lower taxonomic levels multivariate analysis of 16SrRNAgene sequencing data showed diet affected faecal microbial community structure. The abundance of 85 OTUs differed significantly related to diet. Correlative relationships exist between dietary induced alterations to faecal microbiota and behaviour. Results demonstrate a clear link between diet, faecal microbial community composition and behaviour. Dietary induced alterations to gut microbiota play a role in affecting the behaviour of the host.
Bone secreted factors induce cellular quiescence in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yu-Lee Li-Yuan , Lee Yu-Chen , Pan Jing , Lin Song-Chang , Pan Tianhong , Yu Guoyu , Hawke David H. , Pan Bih-Fang , Lin Sue-Hwa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDisseminated tumor cells (DTCs) undergo a dormant state in the distant metastatic site(s) before becoming overt metastatic diseases. In prostate cancer (PCa), bone metastasis can occur years after prostatectomy, suggesting that bone may provide dormancy-inducing factors. To search for these factors, we prepared conditioned media (CM) from calvariae. Using live-cell imaging, we found that Calvarial-CM treatment increased cellular quiescence in C4-2B4 PCa cells. Mass spectrometry analysis of Calvarial-CM identified 132 secreted factors. Western blot and ELISA analyses confirmed the presence of several factors, including DKK3, BMP1, neogenin and vasorin in the Calvarial-CM. qRT-PCR analysis of total calvariae versus isolated osteoblasts showed that DKK3, BMP1, vasorin and neogenin are mainly expressed by osteoblasts, while MIA, LECT1, NGAL and PEDF are expressed by other calvarial cells. Recombinant human DKK3, BMP1, vasorin, neogenin, MIA and NGAL treatment increased cellular quiescence in both C4-2b and C4-2B4 PCa cells. Mechanistically, DKK3, vasorin and neogenin, but not BMP1, increased dormancy through activating the p38MAPK signaling pathway. Consistently, DKK3, vasorin and neogenin failed to induce dormancy in cells expressing dominant-negative p38αMAPK while BMP1 remained active, suggesting that BMP1 uses an alternative dormancy signaling pathway. Thus, bone secretes multiple dormancy-inducing factors that employ distinct signaling pathways to induce DTC dormancy in bone.