bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA damage and mitochondria in cancer and aging
Authors: Patel Jaimin , Baptiste Beverly A , Kim Edward , Hussain Mansoor , Croteau Deborah L , Bohr Vilhelm A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Age and DNA repair deficiencies are strong risk factors for developing cancer. This is reflected in the comorbidity of cancer with premature aging diseases associated with DNA damage repair deficiencies. Recent research has suggested that DNA damage accumulation, telomere dysfunction and the accompanying mitochondrial dysfunction exacerbate the aging process and may increase the risk of cancer development. Thus, an area of interest in both cancer and aging research is the elucidation of the dynamic crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria. In this review, we discuss current research on aging and cancer with specific focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and aging as well as how nuclear to mitochondrial DNA damage signaling may be a driving factor in the increased cancer incidence with aging. We suggest that therapeutic interventions aimed at the induction of autophagy and mediation of nuclear to mitochondrial signaling may provide a mechanism for healthier aging and reduced tumorigenesis.
Determination of Potential Genotoxic Impurity, 5-Amino-2-Chloropyridine, in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Using the HPLC-UV System
Authors: Soyseven Murat , Keçili Rüstem , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y , Arli Göksel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA novel analytical method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV (HPLC-UV) detection system for the sensitive detection of a genotoxic impurity (GTI) 5-amino-2-chloropyridine (5A2Cl) in a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) tenoxicam (TNX), has been developed and validated. The HPLC-UV method was used for the determination of GTI 5A2Cl in API TNX. The compounds were separated using a mobile phase composed of water (pH 3 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid): MeOH, (50:50: v/v) on a C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 2.7 μm) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL min−1. Detection was carried out in the 254 nm wavelength. Column temperature was maintained at 40°C during the analyses and 10 μL volume was injected into the HPLC-UV system. The method was validated in the range of 1–40 μg mL−1. The obtained calibration curves for the GTI compound was found linear with equation, y = 40766x − 1125,6 (R2 = 0.999). The developed analytical method toward the target compounds was accurate, and the achieved limit of detection and limit of quantification values for the target compound 5A2Cl were 0.015 and 0.048 μg mL−1, respectively. The recovery values were calculated and found to be between 98.80 and 100.03%. The developed RP-HPLC-UV analytical method in this research is accurate, precise, rapid, simple and appropriate for the sensitive analysis of target GTI 5A2Cl in model API TNX.
Impact of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on the Incidence of Respiratory Infections During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Korea: A Nationwide Surveillance Study
Authors: Huh Kyungmin , Jung Jaehun , Hong Jinwook , Kim MinYoung , Ahn Jong Gyun , Kim Jong-Hun , Kang Ji-Man 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Many countries have implemented nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to determine whether NPIs led to the decline in the incidences of respiratory infections.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective, ecological study using a nationwide notifiable diseases database and a respiratory virus sample surveillance collected from January 2016 through July 2020 in the Republic of Korea. Intervention period was defined as February–July 2020, when the government implemented NPIs nationwide. Observed incidences in the intervention period were compared with the predicted incidences by an autoregressive integrated moving average model and the 4-year mean cumulative incidences (CuIs) in the same months of the preintervention period.

Results
Five infectious diseases met the inclusion criteria: chickenpox, mumps, invasive pneumococcal disease, scarlet fever, and pertussis. The incidences of chickenpox and mumps during the intervention period were significantly lower than the prediction model. The CuIs (95% confidence interval) of chickenpox and mumps were 36.4% (23.9–76.3%) and 63.4% (48.0–93.3%) of the predicted values. Subgroup analysis showed that the decrease in the incidence was universal for chickenpox, while mumps showed a marginal reduction among those aged &lt;18 years, but not in adults. The incidence of respiratory viruses was significantly lower than both the predicted incidence (19.5%; 95% confidence interval, 11.8–55.4%) and the 4-year mean CuIs in the preintervention period (24.5%; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The implementation of NPIs was associated with a significant reduction in the incidences of several respiratory infections in Korea.
Improved File-injection Attacks on Searchable Encryption Using Finite Set Theory
Authors: Wang Gaoli , Cao Zhenfu , Dong Xiaolei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Searchable encryption (SE) allows the cloud server to search over the encrypted data and leak information as little as possible. Most existing efficient SE schemes assume that the leakage of search pattern and access pattern is acceptable. A series of work was proposed, instructing malicious users to use this leakage to come up with attacks. Especially, with a devastating attack proposed by Zhang et al., the cloud server can reveal the keywords queried by normal users by using some injected files. From the method of constructing uniform $(k,n)$-set of a finite set $A$ proposed by Cao, we put forward a new file-injection attack. In our attack, the server needs fewer injected files than the previous attack when the size of $T$ is larger than 9 and the size of keyword set is larger than $2T$, where $T$ is the threshold of the number of keywords in each injected file. Our attack is more practical and easier to implement in the real scenario.
Cell senescence: basic mechanisms and the need for computational networks in vascular ageing
Authors: Regnault Véronique , Challande Pascal , Pinet Florence , Li Zhenlin , Lacolley Patrick 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This review seeks to provide an update of the mechanisms of vascular cell senescence, from newly identified molecules to arterial ageing phenotypes, and finally to present a computational approach to connect these selected proteins in biological networks. We will discuss current key signalling and gene expression pathways by which these focus proteins and networks drive normal and accelerated vascular ageing. We also review the possibility that senolytic drugs, designed to restore normal cell differentiation and function, could effectively treat multiple age-related vascular diseases. Finally, we discuss how cell senescence is both a cause and a consequence of vascular ageing because of the possible feedback controls between identified networks.
Nestedness and underlying processes of bird assemblages in Nanjing urban parks
Authors: Tan Xinwei , Yang Xueru , Chen Chuanwu , Wang and Yanping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Nestedness is an important pattern frequently reported for species assemblages on islands or fragmented systems. However, to date, there are few studies that comprehensively investigated faunal nestedness and underlying processes in urbanized landscapes. In this study, we examined the nestedness of bird assemblages and its underlying causal mechanisms in 37 urban parks in Nanjing, China. We used the line-transect method to survey birds from April 2019 to January 2020. We used the Weighted Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill (WNODF) to estimate the nestedness of bird assemblages. We applied spearman partial correlation test to examine the relationships between nestedness ranks of sites and park characteristics (area, isolation, anthropogenic noise, number of habitat types, and building index), as well as between nestedness ranks of species and their ecological traits (body size, geographic range size, clutch size, minimum area requirement, dispersal ratio, and habitat specificity). We found that bird assemblages in urban parks were significantly nested. Park area, habitat diversity, building index, habitat specificity, and minimum area requirement of birds were significantly correlated with nestedness. Therefore, the nestedness of bird assemblages was caused by selective extinction, habitat nestedness, and urbanization. However, the nestedness of bird assemblages did not result from passive sampling, selective colonization, or human disturbance. Overall, to maximize the number of species preserved in our system, conservation priority should be given to parks with large area, rich habitat diversity, and less building index. From a species perspective, we should focus on species with large area requirement and high habitat specificity for their effective conservation.
Of Tactics, Illegal Occupation and the Boundaries of Legal Capability: A Reply to Ardi Imseis
Authors: Hughes David 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This contribution engages with Ardi Imseis’s article ‘Negotiating the Illegal: On the United Nations and the Illegal Occupation of Palestine, 1967–2020’. In reply, I contemplate whether an occupation’s legal status can or should affect the requirement that an occupying power must withdraw from the territory that it controls. I consider Imseis’s claim that it is necessary to declare that an occupation has become illegal to move beyond the tension that exists between the requirements of state responsibility and a political preference for negotiations. I question the effectiveness of Imseis’s proposed approach, argue that the duty to terminate an occupation is a positive legal duty that exists regardless of an occupation’s legal status and suggest that the negotiation process cannot be completely uncoupled from the withdrawal requirement. In conclusion, I suggest that grounding calls to terminate occupation in the principle of temporality and the international consensus prohibiting the acquisition of territory by force better reflects international law’s capacity to contribute to an occupation’s termination.
Comparative performance of data-poor CMSY and data-moderate SPiCT stock assessment methods when applied to data-rich, real-world stocks
Authors: Bouch Paul , Minto Cóilín , Reid Dave G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
All fish stocks should be managed sustainably, yet for the majority of stocks, data are often limited and different stock assessment methods are required. Two popular and widely used methods are Catch-MSY (CMSY) and Surplus Production Model in Continuous Time (SPiCT). We apply these methods to 17 data-rich stocks and compare the status estimates to the accepted International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) age-based assessments. Comparison statistics and receiver operator analysis showed that both methods often differed considerably from the ICES assessment, with CMSY showing a tendency to overestimate relative fishing mortality and underestimate relative stock biomass, whilst SPiCT showed the opposite. CMSY assessments were poor when the default depletion prior ranges differed from the ICES assessments, particularly towards the end of the time series, where some stocks showed signs of recovery. SPiCT assessments showed better correlation with the ICES assessment but often failed to correctly estimate the scale of either F/FMSY of B/BMSY, with the indices lacking the contrast to be informative about catchability and either the intrinsic growth rate or carrying capacity. Results highlight the importance of understanding model tendencies relative to data-rich approaches and warrant caution when adopting these models.
Congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm with unexpected course of left anterior descending coronary artery
Authors: Low Zhao Kai , Yap Kok Hooi , Fortier Marielle Valerie , Nakao Masakazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The left atrial appendage (LAA) aneurysm is a rare condition that can produce local compressive effects and complications including supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, thromboembolic events and myocardial ischaemia. We present a rare case of a neonate with a congenital LAA aneurysm which resulted in local compressive effects on the left ventricle, severe mitral regurgitation and malposition of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Intraoperatively, the LAD was found to be within the aneurysmal wall exterior to the left ventricular epicardium and was inadvertently injured during LAA aneurysm resection. Retrospective review of the preoperative computed tomography and echocardiography scans demonstrated the LAD lying within the wall of the LAA aneurysm, although this had not been well appreciated at that time. This highlights the importance of thorough multimodal preoperative imaging and intraoperative assessment for recognition of this rare association between the LAA aneurysm and LAD malposition, and prevention of inadvertent LAD injury during aneurysm resection.
Same as the Old Boss? Domestic Politics and the Turnover Trap
Authors: Wu Cathy Xuanxuan , Licht Amanda A , Wolford Scott 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLeadership turnover brings to office new leaders with private reputational incentives to bluff about their resolve, incentivizing both incumbents and their foreign rivals to take steps that increase the risk of war. Some leader changes, however, are more dangerous than others. The turnover trap arises when there is sufficient uncertainty about a new leader's resolve and expectations of future interactions, and whether those factors coincide depends on how new leaders come to power and the political system in which its turnover occurs. We expect that those instances of leader change most likely to generate turnover traps entail (1) democratic incumbents unconnected to their predecessor's support coalition and (2) autocratic incumbents that inherit their predecessors' coalitions. In a sample of strategic rivals from 1918-2007, we find that the probability of dispute escalation declines over leaders' tenure, but only for the two types of turnover we identify as most dangerous.
Using electronic health records for population health sciences: a case study to evaluate the associations between changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and the built environment
Authors: Zhang Yiye , Tayarani Mohammad , Al’Aref Subhi J , Beecy Ashley N , Liu Yifan , Sholle Evan , RoyChoudhury Arindam , Axsom Kelly M , Gao Huaizhu Oliver , Pathak Jyotishman , Ancker Jessica S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Electronic health record (EHR) data linked with address-based metrics using geographic information systems (GIS) are emerging data sources in population health studies. This study examined this approach through a case study on the associations between changes in ejection fraction (EF) and the built environment among heart failure (HF) patients.

Materials and Methods
We identified 1287 HF patients with at least 2 left ventricular EF measurements that are minimally 1 year apart. EHR data were obtained at an academic medical center in New York for patients who visited between 2012 and 2017. Longitudinal clinical information was linked with address-based built environment metrics related to transportation, air quality, land use, and accessibility by GIS. The primary outcome is the increase in the severity of EF categories. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-effects models, including a subgroup analysis of patients who initially had normal EF measurements.

Results
Previously reported effects from the built environment among HF patients were identified. Increased daily nitrogen dioxide concentration was associated with the outcome while controlling for known HF risk factors including sex, comorbidities, and medication usage. In the subgroup analysis, the outcome was significantly associated with decreased distance to subway stops and increased distance to parks.

Conclusions
Population health studies using EHR data may drive efficient hypothesis generation and enable novel information technology-based interventions. The availability of more precise outcome measurements and home locations, and frequent collection of individual-level social determinants of health may further drive the use of EHR data in population health studies.
Involvement of GcvB small RNA in intrinsic resistance to multiple aminoglycoside antibiotics in Escherichia coli
Authors: Muto Akira , Goto Simon , Kurita Daisuke , Ushida Chisato , Himeno Hyota 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Deleting the gene for small RNA GcvB in Escherichia coli was found to increase the sensitivity to several aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, kasugamycin and spectinomycin, at low concentrations. GcvB, conserved in gram-negative enteric bacteria, is known to negatively control the expression of many genes for amino acid incorporation systems, especially the periplasmic ABC-transporter proteins. Deletions of several amino acid transporter genes in ΔgcvB cells decreased the antibiotic sensitivity to the wild-type level, suggesting that those genes are involved in uptake of aminoglycosides into the cell. Since GcvB is constitutively synthesized in growing cells, repressing synthesis of amino acid transporters, it contributes to the intrinsic resistance to several aminoglycoside antibiotics.
Possible Effects of Climate Change on Ixodid Ticks and the Pathogens They Transmit: Predictions and Observations
Authors: Ogden Nicholas H , Ben Beard C , Ginsberg Howard S , Tsao Jean I 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe global climate has been changing over the last century due to greenhouse gas emissions and will continue to change over this century, accelerating without effective global efforts to reduce emissions. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) are inherently climate-sensitive due to the sensitivity of tick lifecycles to climate. Key direct climate and weather sensitivities include survival of individual ticks, and the duration of development and host-seeking activity of ticks. These sensitivities mean that in some regions a warming climate may increase tick survival, shorten life-cycles and lengthen the duration of tick activity seasons. Indirect effects of climate change on host communities may, with changes in tick abundance, facilitate enhanced transmission of tick-borne pathogens. High temperatures, and extreme weather events (heat, cold, and flooding) are anticipated with climate change, and these may reduce tick survival and pathogen transmission in some locations. Studies of the possible effects of climate change on TTBDs to date generally project poleward range expansion of geographical ranges (with possible contraction of ranges away from the increasingly hot tropics), upslope elevational range spread in mountainous regions, and increased abundance of ticks in many current endemic regions. However, relatively few studies, using long-term (multi-decade) observations, provide evidence of recent range changes of tick populations that could be attributed to recent climate change. Further integrated ‘One Health’ observational and modeling studies are needed to detect changes in TTBD occurrence, attribute them to climate change, and to develop predictive models of public- and animal-health needs to plan for TTBD emergence.
On the long-term evolution of rotating radio transients
Authors: Gençali A A , Ertan Ü 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Investigation of the long-term evolution of rotating radio transients (RRATs) is important to understand the evolutionary connections between the isolated neutron star populations in a single picture. The X-ray luminosities of RRATs (except one source) are not known. In the fallback disc model, we have developed a method to estimate the dipole field strengths of RRATs without X-ray information. We have found that RRATs could have dipole field strengths, B0, at the poles ranging from ∼7 × 109 to ∼6 × 1011 G which fill the gap between the B0 ranges of central compact objects (CCOs) and dim isolated neutron stars (XDINs) estimated in the same model. In our model, most of RRATs are evolving at ages (∼2–6) × 105 yr, much smaller than their characteristic ages, such that, cooling luminosities of a large fraction of relatively nearby RRATs could be detected by the eROSITA all-sky survey. Many RRATs are located above the upper border of the pulsar death valley with the fields inferred from the dipole-torque formula, while they do not show strong, continuous radio pulses. The B0 values estimated in our model, place all RRATs either into the death valley or below the death line. We have tentatively proposed that RRATs could be the sources below their individual death points, and their short radio bursts could be ignited by the disc-field interaction occasionally enhancing the flux of open field lines through the magnetic poles. We have also discussed the evolutionary links between CCOs, RRATs, and XDINs.
Impact of cosmological signatures in two-point statistics beyond the linear regime
Authors: Gomez-Navarro D V , Mead A J , Aviles A , de la Macorra A 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Some beyond ΛCDM cosmological models have dark-sector energy densities that suffer phase transitions. Fluctuations entering the horizon during such a transition can receive enhancements that ultimately show up as a distinctive bump in the power spectrum relative to a model with no phase transition. In this work, we study the non-linear evolution of such signatures in the matter power spectrum and correlation function using N-body simulations, perturbation theory, and hmcode– a halo-model-based method. We focus on modelling the response, computed as the ratio of statistics between a model containing a bump and one without it, rather than in the statistics themselves. Instead of working with a specific theoretical model, we inject a parametric family of Gaussian bumps into otherwise standard ΛCDM spectra. We find that even when the primordial bump is located at linear scales, non-linearities tend to produce a second bump at smaller scales. This effect is understood within the halo model due to a more efficient halo formation. In redshift space, these non-linear signatures are partially erased because of the damping along the line-of-sight direction produced by non-coherent motions of particles at small scales. In configuration space, the bump modulates the correlation function reflecting as oscillations in the response, as it is clear in linear Eulerian theory; however, they become damped because large-scale coherent flows have some tendency to occupy regions more depleted of particles. This mechanism is explained within Lagrangian Perturbation Theory and well captured by our simulations.