bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral and structural properties of ferroelectric compounds Experimental Analyses
Authors: Abed Falah Mohammed , Al- Bayati Abdul Samee Fawzi , Twessan Thamer Mohamed 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study two Ferroelectric compounds were prepared, The chemical formula of the two compounds were [BTO] and [BPTO], Both compounds were synthesized by ceramic method and calcined for 4 hours at 1000°C. Then, the compounds were subjected to X-ray diffraction Analysis for the determination of their structural properties.From the results, the compounds were found to exhibit a tetragonal Perovskite with homogenous particle size in-between the samples; furthermore, there was an observable increase in the Theoretical density. Similarly, Samples were subjected to atomic force Microscope (AFM) analysis for roughness, grain size, and root mean square.Upon Infrared analysis of the samples, the IR spectra showed an increase in the constant bond force (K) by a slight proportion of lead while the bond length (r) decreased by the same proportion.
Calculation of radioactivity levels for various soil samples of Karbala - Najaf road (Ya- Hussein) / Iraq
Authors: Alhous Shatha F. , Kadhim Shaymaa Awad , Alkufi Abdulhussein A. , Muhmood Asmahan Asaad , Zgair Inass Abdulah 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ya- Hussein an outer road that links the governorates of Najaf and Karbala / Iraq, the soil on this road is a sandy desert. The study was conducted to calculate the radioactivity and the risk indicators for this soil, because this study is of great importance due to the contribution of many factors to increasing the concentrations of radionuclides as they are transported through the soil then to humans and endanger their lives. We have estimated 226Ra, 232Th and 40K concentrations in the paper, with their radiological risks in 15 soil sample types gathered from road Ya - Hussein / Iraq, investigated by using gamma ray spectrometry detector NaI (Tl). The result showed the soil sampling concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were there an average among 17.386±1.327, 15.889±0.556 and 553.269±4.997 with unit (Bq.kg−1) respectively. Likewise (ℋ
in; ℋ
ex) hazard indices, total annual effective dose which was below the internationally recommended limits and excess life-time cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated ( 0. 793*10−3 ) was lower than the worldwide value. All parameters were statistically studied, and the correlation between the parameters studied was calculated, Pearson’s correlation and ( P value ) among the variables. The correlation between gamma index (Iγ) and Alpha index (Iα) was strong, positive and direct, where it was statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). The studied area is considered safe and the samples are free from radiation safety threats then the soil does not pose a health risk in this road. Thus this study can be considered as a baseline for future studied on the studied area.
Silver Nanoparticles Synthisis by Green Method and Loading of the Enterosein to Study Its Antimicrobial Inhibition
Authors: Al-hadede Lamees Thamer , Hassan Mayada. I. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to loaded the Enterocin produced fromEnterococcus faecalisbacteria on silver nanoparticles(SNP+En) by using green synthesis, to increase the effectiveness of Enterocin against some Gram-positive and negative bacteriaEscherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginos, Salmonella typhimurium,Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilisandCandida albicansyeast. SNP was synthesized by usingAlettaria cardamomumalcohol extract as a reducing agent, then it was loaded with Enterocin. The color change of the extract was preliminary evidence of the reduction process. The UV–Visible spectral analysis confirmed the synthesis of SNP and SNP+En showing a characteristic peak around 452-419 nm due to the absorption of the surface of the plasmon and SEM from 18-88 nm, analysis to the X-ray data indicated that SNP and SNP+En have four clear peaks were shown at the angle of Θ 38°, 44°, 64° and 77.5°, and this is due to symmetry levels (111) and (200) (220) and (310) preferentially at the level (111) and zeta potential for SNP it reached 22.55 mV and it became 31.25 mV for SNP + En. demonstrated Inhibitory effect against Gram-positive and negative bacteria for SNP + En was more than SNP at the same ratio(0.1%).
Density functional theory study on the adsorption of AsH3 gas molecule with monolayer (AlN)21 (including pristine, C, B doped and defective aluminium nitride sheet)
Authors: Shlaka Jamal A. , Abo Nasria Abbas H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The interactions between on graghen -like aluminium nitride P(AlN)21 nan ribbons doped and defect (AlN)21Sheet, P(AlN)21, (AlN)20–C,(AlN)10–C2, (AlN)20–B,(AlN)19–B2, D-P(AlN)20, D-(AlN)19–C, D (AlN)18–C2, D-(AlN)19–B, D- (AlN)18–B2), molecules and small toxic gas molecules (AsH3), were built for two different adsorption sites on graphene like aluminium nitride P(AlN)21, have been done by employing B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) with 6-31G(d,p) using Gaussian viw5.08 package of programs and Nanotube Modeller program(2018), The most stable adsorption configurations, adsorption energies, charge transfers (total Mulliken charge), electronic and band structures are calculated to deeply understand to find the sensitivity of all studied sheets for toxic gas AsH3.
In this research we got the adsorptions of AsH3 on P(AlN)21, (AlN)20-C,(AlN)20–C, D-P(AlN)20, D- (AlN)19–C) are weak physisorption with an adsorption energy (Ead) (-0.427197eV ),( -0.43536 eV, (0.405364 eV), (-0.456738 eV) and (-0.495222 eV), respectively (on atom) While (Ead) of AsH on the center ring of the P(AL-N)21, (C) atoms-doped P(AL-N)20 sheet, D-P(AL-N)20 and D-(C, B)atoms- doped P(AL-N)19 sheet are (-0.484338 eV ),( -0.476175 eV ), (-0.454407 eV), (-0.495222 eV) and - 0.481617eV) respectively, otherwise doped aluminium nitride for this atom could be a good sensor for this gas AsH3, except the adsorption of AsH3 on B atoms-doped P(AlN)20 sheet are a strong chemisorption, in this case, the B atoms-doped P(AL-N)20 sheet could catalysis or activate, suggesting the possibility of P(AL-N)20 as a metal-free catalyst, the total Mulliken charge on the molecules, and positive number means charge transfer from gas to P(AlN)21.
Porous Scaffold Implantation for Bone Fractures Healing
Authors: Hassan Marwa Abdul Muhsien , Kafi Dhaidan Kh. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of Low Level Therapy of Continuous Diode Laser on porous Hydroxyapatite–Chitosan–Collagen scaffold implantation by daily clinical observation, weekly radiographic findings and histopathological examination at the end of 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th weeks after surgery. Fifty Healthy adult rabbits of both sexes were used to induced diaphyseal Femur and to remove about (1±0.05 cm) of bone, as empty space filler.
High Efficiency (41.85) of Br Perovskites base solar cells with ZnO and TiO2 comparable study as ETM
Authors: Tareq Dhuha E. , AbdulAlmohsin Samir M. , Waried Hussein H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Due to its ease of processing, low production costs, superb light-harvesting characteristics, and high efficiency, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention in the photovoltaic research community in recent years, making it more preferable than other existing solar cell materials. Lead-based perovskites (CH3NH3PbX3, X=Cl, I, Br) solar cells have recently achieved high efficiency of ~19.3 percent, well exceeding most thin-film and organic solar cells’ efficiencies despite its potential for photovoltaic applications, organometal halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention recently and are also considered as promising materials in light-emitting devices. In particular, photovoltaic devices with efficiencies above 20 percent have been prepared using organometal halide perovskites as absorbent materials in the last few years A planar. The standard design for a planar hetero-junction perovskite-based solar cell is: Back electrode/Hole Transport Material (HTM)/Perovskite absorber / Electron Transport Material (ETM) / Transparent electrode. The hole mobility and acceptor concentration of the HTM, interface trap density, and work-function of back contact metal have shown a significant influence on the device performance. Also with these good merits.In this research, two types of ETM (TiO2and ZnO) were used with the Perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3and was found that the use of TiO2 with perovskite achieved high efficiency of 41.85% while the use of ZnO with perovskites we obtained an efficiency 17.67%.

Method/Analysis: Solar cell architecture assessment is conducted using Solar Cell Power Simulator(SCAPS). This is a computer-based software tool and is well equipped to research photovoltaic structures with barriers to homo and heterojunctions, multi-junctions, and Schottky. This model optimizes various parameters such as thickness, absorber layer density, Electron Transport Material (ETM),Density of accepter and donor (ND and NA), and Hole Transport Material (HTM) doping concentrations. Achievement and simulates electrons and holes based on the Poisson’s and continuity equation The effected thickness of CH3 NH3 PbBr3 different from 0.05μm to 1.2μm and the finest results are observed at 0.05 μm.
Texture Analysis of Breast Cancer via LBP, HOG, and GLCM techniques
Authors: Farhan Athraa H. , Kamil Mohammed Y. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer is a prevailing reason for death, and it is a particular kind of tumor that is popular among ladies across the world. Till presently, there is no efficient method to stop the appearance of the breast tumor. Accordingly, early detection is the first stage in the diagnosis of breast tumors and reduces mortality. Screening Mammography is the most effective technique for early detection of breast tumors. Great experience and large practices of specialists are wanted when examining breast tissue in a mammogram. In this work, feature extraction techniques are offered as methods to decrease false-positive that occur in breast diagnosis. Mini-MIAS database used to evaluate these approaches. LBP, HOG, and GLCM are feature extraction techniques used for analyzing mass tissue and extract features from the ROI. Contrast, energy, correlation, and homogeneity are used as features properties. These features utilized as the input to the different classifiers which achieved the best results. To improve the diagnosis ability, “contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization” utilized as a preprocessing system. The best results gained in this work by LBP method and logistic regression classifier at ROI (30×30) where the accuracy 92.5%. The HOG method achieved the best results with the SVM classifier where accuracy 90% at ROI (30×30). GLCM provides the best results with the KNN classifier where the accuracy 89.3% at ROI (30×30). The greatest accuracy reached in the case of ROI (30×30) in all feature extraction methods that used in this work.
Study Effect change amount addition of Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles on Thermal, Mechanical and Optical Properties of Polysiloxane Polymer
Authors: Rodhan Zahraa Kazem , Hashem Ansam Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper included the influence of addition of Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Optical characteristics of liquid crystalline polymers with side chain. A constant Molecular weight was used (1.7 × 106). The additive ratios were five different ratios of the added Sn2P2S6 nanoparticles. It was noted that the voltage operation decreased with the increase of the ratio of the additive. The optical response (τon) was measured in opening case (when the electric field was applied) and closing time (τoff) (when removing the electric field) by calculating the time interval between the primary and the new classification for liquid crystal polymer molecules caused by the electric field, Laser light while passing through the electrophoresis cell. The different addition ratio of Sn2P2S6
particles, which had a fixed molecular weight from polymer, increased the density of the mesogenetic group associated with the polymer chain. This increased the effect of dipole torque in the C ≡ N group parallel to longitudinal axis of mesogenous unit, The dielectric anisotropy Δε has a lower optical response time (τon), (τoff), thus improving the electro-optical properties of the system. The change in threshold voltage was measured at constant steps and under TNI for a series of different additives’ and found that the high additive additives had a small threshold voltage and this had to do with the polymer elasticity constant. Infrared spectrometer measurements were used to determine the coefficient of the directional arrangement of liquid crystals with a side chain. By determining the vibration of a specific package (C ≡ N) for absorption, it was found that the coefficient of the guideline is based on the temperature.
Absorption spectra and transition states for new organic dye sensitizers based on anthracene
Authors: Motasher Khalid Jabbar , Abdulridha Hawraa A. , Abbood Hamid Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Anthracene is the backbone of three suggested organic compounds in present work. Our calculations depending on DFT and TD-DFT take on B3LYP hybrid function using the basis sets 6-31g to carry out some properties at the ground state electronic and photovoltaic properties for the studied compounds. The relax structures show all the compounds have quasi planar conformation. The results showed that Homo and Lumo are little different, suggesting that be different structures play substantial characters to increase an electron acceptance. The result of( Lumo-Homo) gap and the voltage of open circuit are the factors operating to refining the quality for devices of solar cells. Furthermore, due to the high probability of the process for an electron injection of the organic structure in the TiO2 conduction band, where the energy of maximum absorption and the wavelength are occur in the range spectrum of the solar.
Study of atomic properties for subshells of the systems have Z=12-16 by using Hartree-Fock approximation
Authors: Al-Assady Abbas F. , Al – Khafaji Qassim S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The atomic properties are important to describe of the dynamics in atoms for the two-electron atomic systems studied in this work include the atom Mg, and like ions Al+1, Si+2, P+3 and S+4, Hartree-Fock approximation are used to determine the atomic properties like one electron radial density function D(r1)and its expectation value

〈

r
1
n

〉

, inter electron distribution function f(r
12) and its expectation value

〈

r
12
n

〉

, standard deviation for one and two electrons Δr
1 Δr
12, expectation values for all energies ⟨Ven
⟩, ⟨Vee
⟩, ⟨V⟩, ⟨T⟩, ⟨E⟩
Evaluation of (Ni, Cr, Cu) Concentration in the Soil of Diyala Utilizing GIS Techniques
Authors: Muhammad Jaafar S. , Jasim Kareem A. , Shaban Auday H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The investigation of pollution’s elements were become the hot topics for the researchers. The current work aims to evaluate the concentration of some heavy elements Copper, Nickel, and Chrome (Cu, Ni, Cr) respectively. The study area of this research is Diyala province / Iraq. The base approach for this work is collecting 25 samples of soil to be studied. The samples were collected from (industrial, residential, agricultural) areas, with an average sample rate for each region with a depth (20 cm). After collecting the samples, they were sorted and compressed to prepare them for measurement by dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence. Analysis after obtaining the results, they are compared with the global determinants (WHO). Through these results, we find that a noticeable increase in the element (Ni) in Aleazim corking Khanaqin, Al-Rashidiya and Mohammed Sakran, while the highest concentration of (Cr) was recorded in jadidat alshat, Najana, Al -Rashidiya and Diyala Bridge. The (Cu) concentration was recorded high in the Aleazim Dam regoin, Aleazim, Muqdadiya, hayi Mezid, Al-Khalis, Rashidiya, Mohammed Sakran and Diyar Bridge. The residential and industrial areas were indicated an increasing in concentration of the investigated elements, while the areas with good vegetation have the lowest concentrations of these elements.
Diffraction patterns and nonlinear optical properties of Nanocomposite (Gold nanoparticles / Epoxy resin polymer)
Authors: Ridha Noor J. , Alosfur Firas K. Mohamed , AL-Hamdani Ali. H. , Tahir Khawla J. , Abdulazeez Noor Zaid , Madlool Rajaa A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We observed and analyzed diffraction rings produced by CW Nd: YAG visible laser beam in a nanocomposite of gold nanoparticles doped by epoxy resin polymer. Change of refractive index, Δn, and nonlinear refractive index, n2 were calculated based on the number of rings observed. A thermal effect is due to this major nonlinearity. With rising input power and sample thickness the number of rings increases. Spot diameter of rings was calculated and noted it increase wih input power increasing and decreasing thickness of sample.
Image Classification Schemes Based on Statistical Moments of Wavelet and Sliced Radial Energy Distribution of DCT
Authors: Abbas Hashim , George Loay E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Texture recognition is used in various pattern recognition applications and texture classification that possess a characteristic appearance. This research paper aims to provide an improved scheme to provide enhanced classification decisions and to decrease processing time significantly. This research studied the discriminating characteristics of textures by extracting them from various texture images using discrete Wavelate transform (DWT) and discrete Cosine transform DCT. Two sets of features are proposed; the first set was extracted using the traditional DCT, while the second used DWT. The features from the Cosine domain are calculated using the radial distribution of spectra, while for those extracted from Wavelet was statistical distribution of various relative moments. Four types of Euclidean distance metrics were used for classification decision purposes. The considered method was applied on 475 classes of textures belonged to 32 sets from Salzburg Texture Image Database, each set holding 16 images per class, so the a total of 7600 images were tested. Each image was separated into three bands of color component (i.e., red, green, blue). Concepts of average and standard deviation were calculated to determine the inter/intra scatter analysis for each feature to find out the best discriminating features that can be used. The final result of DWT was 99.98 for the testing sets and 99.71 for the training sets, while the final result of DCT was 99.06 for the testing sets and 96.77 for the training sets.
Image Classification Schemes Based on Gradient Matrix and Contrast Matrices
Authors: Abbas Hashim , George Loay E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Texture classification and categorizing are used in various pattern recognition applications and classification texture that possesses a characteristic appearance. This work aims to provide an improved scheme of enhanced classification decision with the need to increase the precision time significantly. This research studied the discriminating characteristics of textures by extracting the feature from gradient matrix (GM), the features were extracted using the first-order gradient feature vector, three Gradient Matrices were established, one for Max value, another for Min value and last was the Average value, these matrices were calculated by extracting the gradient along x-axis and y-axis and the gradient along the diagonal. A feature vector consist of 210 features was calculated to represent each image sample and contrast matrix CM, The feature extracted from CM1 was The difference between the sum of the neighborhood values of 3x3 pixels those larger than the pixel values (center pixels) divided by their number and the sum of the neighborhoods values of 3x3 pixels those smaller than the pixel value divided by their number total feature vector was 210, Four types of Euclidean distance metrics were used for classification decision purposes. The concepts “average” and “standard deviation” were calculated to perform the interentra scatter analysis for each feature to find out the best discriminating features that can be used. The final result of the test set of GM is 98.3 while training set was 97.3, the final result of the test set of CM is 98.2 while training set was 95.7.
Indicators of Community participation in master plan
Authors: Hamza Mustafa Mohamed , Sabri Ali Amna Hussain 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The community participation process is a key party in the plan development and success process, so the local community should have a say in building the master plans for their cities and they have the authority to make decisions. In this research, we will get acquainted with the city of Diwaniyah, the study area, and to determine its boundaries and the master plan for it., and analyzed its results using statistical methods that relate to planning indicators extracted from the conceptual framework and previous studies. A specialist distributed to the Urban Planning Directorate (11), the Diwaniyah Municipality Directorate (23) and the Governorate Bureau (17). The results of the research and through the statistical analysis of the answers in the questionnaire using the statistical program (SPSS) statistical package for social since and statistical comparisons that showed the existence of high importance and reliability of the axis of community participation in the planning process, The research also concluded that community participation is an influencing process in the master plan of the city, and the study recommended a set of recommendations, including: giving powers to the decision-makers responsible for the master plan, in order to enable them to participate effectively in the master plan, with the need to provide these local institutions with planning cadres with specialists in urban planning and community participation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mulud Faten Haithum , Dahham Najat A. , Waheed Ibrahim F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCopper ferrite CuFe2O4nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method with different annealing temperatures (200, 450, 650 and 850) °C. Structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and LCR meter. The XRD patterns showed the system structure in Cu-ferrite had deformed at 650 °C from a cubic to a tetragonal system with apparrent a secondary phase CuO. Lattice constant decreases with increasing annealing temperatures, while crystalline volume increases. The FT-IR spectrum of sample under investigations shows two significant absorption bands, which refer to the formation of a single-phase cubic spinel. Magnetization revealed a soft ferromagnetic behavior for the composition sintered at 850 °C. The saturation magnetization, remnant magnetization, and coercivity were 32 emu.g−1, 11.64 emu.g−1, 517.16 emu.g−1, respectively. The electrical measurement of sample shows decrease in the real and imaginary part of dielectric constant with increasing frequency while and AC conductivity increasing.