bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the manifestation of old age‐related diseases
Authors: Zendehdel Abolfazl , Roham Maryam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent infection worldwide. It affects individuals of different age groups. Elderly people tend to resist eradication treatment and worsening of infection can lead to several gastric and non‐gastric pathologies. Aging‐associated cellular and molecular alteration can increase the risk of other pathologies such as osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, respiratory and renal dysfunction, and cancer in geriatric patients, more than other age groups. This review article highlights some of the most common old age diseases and the role of H. pylori infection as a risk factor to worsen the conditions, presented by the molecular evidences of these associations. These studies can help clinicians to understand the underlying pathogenesis of the disease and identify high‐risk patients, aiding clearer diagnosis and treatment.
A mindful yoga intervention for young women with major depressive disorder: Design and baseline sample characteristics of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Vollbehr Nina K. , Hoenders H.J. Rogier , Bartels‐Velthuis Agna A. , Nauta Maaike H. , Castelein Stynke , Schroevers Maya J. , Stant A. Dennis , de Jong Peter J. , Ostafin Brian D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesDespite the gains made by current first‐line interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD), modest rates of treatment response and high relapse indicate the need to augment existing interventions. Following theory and initial research indicating the promise of mindful yoga interventions (MYIs), this study examines mindful yoga as a treatment of MDD.Methods/DesignThis randomized controlled trial uses a sample of young females (18–34 years) to examine the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of a 9‐week manualized MYI added to treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU alone. Primary outcome measures consist of clinician‐administered (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and self‐report (Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scales) measures of depression. Underlying mechanisms will be examined, including rumination, negative self‐evaluation, intolerance of uncertainty, interoceptive awareness, and dispositional mindfulness. Assessments were conducted at preintervention and will be conducted at postintervention, 6‐, and 12‐month follow up.ResultsThe baseline sample consists of 171 females (88 were randomized into the MYI), reporting a baseline Mage = 25.08 years (SDage = 4.64), MHamilton‐depression = 18.39 (SDHamilton = 6.00), and a MDASS‐depression = 21.02 (SDDASS = 9.36).ConclusionThis trial will provide important information regarding the benefits of adding yoga‐based interventions to TAU for young women with MDD and the mechanisms through which such benefits may occur.
Divergence‐free tangential finite element methods for incompressible flows on surfaces
Authors: Lederer Philip L. , Lehrenfeld Christoph , Schöberl Joachim 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this work we consider the numerical solution of incompressible flows on two‐dimensional manifolds. Whereas the compatibility demands of the velocity and the pressure spaces are known from the flat case one further has to deal with the approximation of a velocity field that lies only in the tangential space of the given geometry. AbandoningH1‐conformity allows us to construct finite elements which are—due to an application of the Piola transformation—exactly tangential. To reintroduce continuity (in a weak sense) we make use of (hybrid) discontinuous Galerkin techniques. To further improve this approach, ‐conforming finite elements can be used to obtain exactly divergence‐free velocity solutions. We present several new finite element discretizations. On a number of numerical examples we examine and compare their qualitative properties and accuracy.
Transgelin Silencing Induces Different Processes in Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Dvorakova Monika , Lapcik Petr , Bouchalova Pavla , Bouchal Pavel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTransgelin is a protein reported to be a marker of several cancers. However, previous studies have shown both up‐ and down‐regulation of transgelin in tumors when compared with non‐tumor tissues and the mechanisms whereby transgelin may affect the development of cancer remain largely unknown. Transgelin is especially abundant in smooth muscle cells and is associated with actin stress fibers. These contractile structures participate in cell motility, adhesion, and the maintenance of cell morphology. Here, the role of transgelin in breast cancer is focused on. Initially, the effects of transgelin on cell migration of the breast cancer cell lines, BT 549 and PMC 42, is studied. Interestingly, transgelin silencing increased the migration of PMC 42 cells, but decreased the migration of BT 549 cells. To clarify these contradictory results, the changes in protein abundances after transgelin silencing in these two cell lines are analyzed using quantitative proteomics. The results confirmed the role of transgelin in the migration of BT 549 cells and suggest the involvement of transgelin in apoptosis and small molecule biochemistry in PMC 42 cells. The context‐dependent function of transgelin reflects the different molecular backgrounds of these cell lines, which differ in karyotypes, mutation statuses, and proteome profiles.
How applicable are GLI 2012 equations to a sample of Middle Eastern school‐age children?
Authors: Al‐Qerem Walid A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Lung Function Initiative attempted to formulate global all‐age lung function equations. The suitability of these equations to Middle Eastern children was never evaluated; this study will evaluate these equations in addition to other regional ones.MethodsSpirometry was conducted for 582 (311 boys) healthy 6‐ to 13‐year‐old Jordanian children. z scores, predicted values, percent predicted values, and frequency of records below lower limit than normal (LLN) were calculated for each child using the studied equations.ResultsAlthough none of the studied equations produced a perfect representation of the study data, the GLI 2012 equations for Caucasians were the most suitable.ConclusionGLI 2012 equations for Caucasians are a reasonable fit for Jordanian school‐aged children.
Evaluation of hair cotinine and toxic metal levels in children who were exposed to tobacco smoke
Authors: Gunay Fatih , Cullas Ilarslan Nisa Eda , Bakar‐Ates Filiz , Deniz Kiymet , Kadioglu Yusuf Kagan , Kiran Sibel , Bakirarar Batuhan , Cobanoglu Nazan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTobacco or tobacco products (TTP) are harmful because they contain nicotine and some heavy metals. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate whether the responses of parents to questionnaires were compatible with the hair cotinine levels of their children, and to investigate whether exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and living conditions increased the levels of cotinine, lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) in the hair samples of the children. Questionnaires were administered to the parents questioning household consumption of TTP and living conditions. Children were grouped as “exposed to ETS” (E‐ETS) and “not exposed to ETS” (NE‐ETS). This grouping was performed through a questionnaire‐based evaluation, and a hair cotinine cut‐off value‐based evaluation. According to the questionnaire‐based evaluation, there were no significant differences in hair Pb, As, and Cd levels between the groups (P‐values: .337, .994, and .825, respectively). The hair cotinine of the E‐ETS group was higher (0.24 ± 0.21 vs 0.22 ± 0.15 ng/mg), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .317). According to the cotinine evaluation, cotinine, Pb, and As levels were statistically higher in the E‐ETS group (P < .001, <.001, and .036, respectively), but there was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of Cd levels (P = .238). Our results showed that exposure to ETS increased the levels of cotinine, Pb, and As in the hair samples of children, and the questionnaire responses of the parents about their smoking habits might not be compatible with the hair cotinine levels of the children.
Anti‐Schistosoma mansoni effects of essential oils and their components
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Martorell Miquel , Salehi Bahare , Setzer William N. , Sharifi‐Rad Javad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSchistosoma mansoni is endemic in 55 countries around the world. S. mansoni is a water‐borne parasite of humans belonging to the group of blood flukes. Generally, schistosomiasis is treated with praziquantel, which results in frequent treatment failures and reinfections. Essential oils have diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial, antiprotozoal and antiparasitic. This review aimed at summarizing available in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials showing evidence and mechanisms of actions of essential oils and their derivatives acting against S. mansoni. The findings suggest that a number of essential oils and/or their components act against S. mansoni. Essential oils and/or their derivatives may be one of the potential sources of antischistosomal drugs.
Machine learning and Design of Experiments: Alternative approaches or complementary methodologies for quality improvement?
Authors: Freiesleben Johannes , Keim Jan , Grutsch Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMachine Learning (ML), or the ability of self‐learning computer algorithms to autonomously structure and interpret data, is a methodological approach to solve complicated optimization problems based on abundant data. ML is recently gaining momentum as algorithmic applications, computing potency, and available data sets increased manifold over the past two decades, providing an information‐rich environment in which human reasoning can partially be replaced by computer reasoning. In this paper, we want to assess the implications of ML for Design of Experiments (DoE), a statistical methodology widely used in Quality Management for quantifying effects and interactions of factors with influence on the production quality or the process yield. We specifically want to assess the future role and importance of DoE: Will it remain unaltered by ML, will it be made obsolete, or will it be reinforced? With this, we want to contribute to the discussion of the future use of traditional Quality Management methodologies in production, as our ML assessment can in principle be applied to other statistical methodologies as well. While we are convinced that ML will heavily impact the field of Quality Management and its predominant set of statistical methodologies, we find reason to expect that this impact will be a mutual one. As this is the first paper addressing the joint force potential of the two methodologies ML and DoE, we expect a range of follow‐up papers being written on the subject and a spark in specialized applications addressing DoE's ML‐enhanced vital functionality for process improvements.
A fluorination method for measuring the 13C‐13C isotopologue of C2 molecules
Authors: Taguchi Koudai , Yamamoto Tomonari , Nakagawa Mayuko , Gilbert Alexis , Ueno Yuichiro 
Published: February 2020

RationaleDoubly substituted isotope species (“clumped” isotopes) can provide insights into the biogeochemical history of a molecule, including its temperature of formation and/or its (bio)synthetic pathway. Here, we propose a new fluorination method for the measurement of 13C‐13C species in C2 molecules using a conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Target molecules include ethane, ethene and ethanol.Methods13C‐13C isotope species in C2 molecules were measured as C2F6 using a conventional isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Ethane and ethene are directly fluorinated to C2F6. Ethanol is measured after dehydration to ethene and subsequent fluorination of the latter. The method enables the measurement of the Δ13C13C values normalized against a reference working standard.ResultsThe reproducibility of the whole protocol, including chemical modification steps and measurement of C2F6 isotopologues, is better than ±0.14‰ for all the compounds. Ethane from natural gas samples and biologically derived ethanol show a narrow range of Δ13C13C values, varying from 0.72‰ to 0.90‰. In contrast, synthetic ethanol as well as putative abiotic ethane show Δ13C13C values significantly different from this range with values of 1.14‰ and 0.25‰, respectively.ConclusionsThe method presented here provides alternative means of measuring 13C‐13C species to that using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Preliminary data from natural and synthetic molecules re‐emphasizes the potential of 13C clumped isotope species as a (bio)marker.
Top management team optimism and its influence on firms' financing and investment decisions
Authors: Heizer Tobias , Rettig Laura R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of optimism among the top management team members on corporate investment and financing decisions. We develop an optimism measure based on voluntary insider transactions that is applicable to all officers and directors of a firm. Our results suggest that corporate policies are not solely influenced by an individual CEO's optimism, but rather driven by the attitudes of top management team members as a group. In fact, we find that the impact of CEO optimism on corporate investment and financing decisions depends on the optimism of other officers and/or directors. In contrast, if several other officers and/or directors, apart from the CEO, are optimistic, their influence is significant, independent of CEO optimism. Our analyses include all public US companies within the Compustat universe for a time span of 20 years.
Adipose‐Derived Biogenic Nanoparticles for Suppression of Inflammation
Authors: Tian Ming , Ticer Taylor , Wang Qikun , Walker Sierra , Pham Anthony , Suh Annie , Busatto Sara , Davidovich Irina , Al‐Kharboosh Rawan , Lewis‐Tuffin Laura , Ji Baoan , Quinones‐Hinojosa Alfredo , Talmon Yeshayahu , Shapiro Shane , Rückert Felix , Wolfram Joy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExtracellular vesicles secreted from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have therapeutic effects in inflammatory diseases. However, production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ADSCs is costly, inefficient, and time consuming. The anti‐inflammatory properties of adipose tissue‐derived EVs and other biogenic nanoparticles have not been explored. In this study, biogenic nanoparticles are obtained directly from lipoaspirate, an easily accessible and abundant source of biological material. Compared to ADSC‐EVs, lipoaspirate nanoparticles (Lipo‐NPs) take less time to process (hours compared to months) and cost less to produce (clinical‐grade cell culture facilities are not required). The physicochemical characteristics and anti‐inflammatory properties of Lipo‐NPs are evaluated and compared to those of patient‐matched ADSC‐EVs. Moreover, guanabenz loading in Lipo‐NPs is evaluated for enhanced anti‐inflammatory effects. Apolipoprotein E and glycerolipids are enriched in Lipo‐NPs compared to ADSC‐EVs. Additionally, the uptake of Lipo‐NPs in hepatocytes and macrophages is higher. Lipo‐NPs and ADSC‐EVs have comparable protective and anti‐inflammatory effects. Specifically, Lipo‐NPs reduce toll‐like receptor 4‐induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Guanabenz‐loaded Lipo‐NPs further suppress inflammatory pathways, suggesting that this combination therapy can have promising applications for inflammatory diseases.
The Design of 3D‐Interface Architecture in an Ultralow‐Power, Electrospun Single‐Fiber Synaptic Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Shi Qianqian , Dai Shilei , Huang Jia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSynaptic electronics is a new technology for developing functional electronic devices that can mimic the structure and functions of biological counterparts. It has broad application prospects in wearable computing chips, human–machine interfaces, and neuron prostheses. These types of applications require synaptic devices with ultralow energy consumption as the effective energy supply for wearable electronics, which is still very difficult. Here, artificial synapse emulation is demonstrated by solid‐ion gated organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with a 3D‐interface conducting channel for ultralow‐power synaptic simulation. The basic features of the artificial synapse, excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF), and high‐pass filtering, are successfully realized. Furthermore, the single‐fiber based artificial synapse can be operated by an ultralow presynaptic spike down to −0.5 mV with an ultralow reading voltage at −0.1 mV due to the large contact surface between the ionic electrolyte and fiber‐like semiconducting channel. Therefore, the ultralow energy consumption at one spike of the artificial synapse can be realized as low as ≈3.9 fJ, which provides great potential in a low‐power integrated synaptic circuit.
Coexistence of D3R typical and atypical signaling in striatonigral neurons during dopaminergic denervation. Correlation with D3nf expression changes
Authors: Campos Campos Baruc , Ávalos‐Fuentes Arturo , Piña Leyva Celia , Sánchez‐Zavaleta Rodolfo , Loya‐López Santiago , Rangel‐Barajas Claudia , Leyva‐Gómez Gerardo , Cortés Hernán , Erlij David , Florán Benjamín 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDopamine D3R are widely expressed in basal ganglia where interact with D1R. D3R potentiate cAMP accumulation and GABA release stimulated by D1R in striatonigral neurons through “atypical” signaling. During dopaminergic denervation, D3R signaling changes to a “typical” in which antagonizes the effects of D1R, the mechanisms of this switching are unknown. D3nf splice variant regulates membrane anchorage and function of D3R and decreases in denervation; thus, it is possible that D3R signaling switching correlates with changes in D3nf expression and increases of membranal D3R that mask D3R atypical effects. We performed experiments in unilaterally 6‐hydroxydopamine lesioned rats and found a decrease in mRNA and protein of D3nf, but not of D3R in the denervated striatum. Proximity ligation assay showed that D3R‐D3nf interaction decreased after denervation, whereas binding revealed an increased Bmax in D3R. The new D3R antagonized cAMP accumulation and GABA release stimulated by D1R; however, in the presence of N‐Ethylmaleimide (NEM), to block Gi protein signaling, activation of D3R produced its atypical signaling stimulating D1R effects. Finally, we investigated if the typical and atypical effects of D3R modulating GABA release are capable of influencing motor behavior. Injections of D3R agonist into denervated nigra decreased D1R agonist‐induced turning behavior but potentiated it in the presence of NEM. Our data indicate the coexistence of D3R typical and atypical signaling in striatonigral neurons during denervation that correlated with changes in the ratio of expression of D3nf and D3R isoforms. The coexistence of both atypical and typical signaling during denervation influences motor behavior.
Short‐ and long‐term outcome following thoracoamniotic shunting for fetal hydrothorax
Authors: Kelly E. N. , Seaward G. , Ye X. Y. , Windrim R. , Van Mieghem T. , Keunen J. , Abbasi N. , Chitayat D. , Ryan G. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess short‐ and long‐term outcome in a cohort of fetuses diagnosed with hydrothorax (FHT) which underwent thoracoamniotic shunting in utero, and to examine the antenatal predictors of survival and of survival with normal neurodevelopmental outcome.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 132 fetuses that underwent thoracoamniotic shunting at our center between 1991 and 2014. Data were extracted from hospital obstetric and relevant neonatal intensive care and neonatal developmental follow‐up databases. Outcomes included survival to discharge and survival with normal neurodevelopmental outcome beyond 18 months. Information on malformations, syndromes and genetic abnormalities were obtained from antenatal, postnatal and pediatric hospital records or by parent report. We compared pregnancy characteristics among those who survived vs non‐survivors and among those with normal neurodevelopmental outcome vs those who were abnormal or died. We explored whether there was a trend in survival over the study period.ResultsThe mean gestational age at diagnosis of FHT was 25.6 weeks. The fetus was hydropic at diagnosis in 61% of cases, 69% had bilateral effusions and 55% had bilateral shunts inserted. Other diagnoses were present in 24% of cases, two‐thirds of which were discovered only postnatally. There were 16 intrauterine and 30 neonatal deaths, with a 65% survival rate overall. The mean gestational age at delivery of liveborns was 35.4 (range, 26.9–41.6) weeks, and 88/116 (76%) were preterm (< 37 weeks). Of 87 liveborn at the treatment center, 75% experienced some respiratory and/or cardiovascular morbidity after birth, many with a lengthy hospital stay (mean, 36 (range, 1–249) days). Overall, 84% of survivors were developmentally normal beyond 18 months and outcomes were better when pleural effusions were isolated, 92% of these cases being neurodevelopmentally normal. There was no trend in survival or neurodevelopmental outcome over time. Despite the presence of FHT and neonatal respiratory issues, most (89%) of the 55 survivors with relevant follow‐up had no long‐term pulmonary complications. Gestational age at delivery was the only factor independently predictive of both survival and survival with normal neurodevelopmental outcome.ConclusionsFHT is associated with other pathologies in a quarter of cases and carries a significant risk of prematurity, mortality and neonatal morbidity. The outcome is good in survivors but is best in isolated cases. Predictors of outcome at diagnosis are poor. Future improvement in diagnostics at time of identification of FHT may help to identify those that would benefit most from thoracoamniotic shunting. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Offshore wind farm wake recovery: Airborne measurements and its representation in engineering models
Authors: Cañadillas Beatriz , Foreman Richard , Barth Volker , Siedersleben Simon , Lampert Astrid , Platis Andreas , Djath Bughsin , Schulz‐Stellenfleth Johannes , Bange Jens , Emeis Stefan , Neumann Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present an analysis of wind measurements from a series of airborne campaigns conducted to sample the wakes from two North Sea wind farm clusters, with the aim of determining the dependence of the downstream wind speed recovery on the atmospheric stability. The consequences of the stability dependence of wake length on the expected annual energy yield of wind farms in the North Sea are assessed by an engineering model. Wakes are found to extend for significantly longer downstream distances (>50 km) in stable conditions than in neutral and unstable conditions (
15 km). The parameters of one common engineering model are modified to reproduce the observed wake decay at downstream distances
30 km. More significant effects on the energy yield are expected for wind farms separated by distances
30 km, which is generally the case in the North Sea, but additional data would be required to validate the suggested parameter modifications within the engineering model. A case study is accordingly performed to show reductions in the farm efficiency downstream of a wind farm. These results emphasize not only the importance of understanding the impact of atmospheric stability on offshore wind farms but also the need to update the representation of wakes in current industry models to properly include wake‐induced energy losses, especially in large offshore clusters.