bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of exogenous amylase on the in vitro digestion kinetics of whole‐crop maize silages made from flint or dent grain type at different phenological stages grown in tropical condition
Authors: Silva Abias Santos , Pereira Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro , Pedreira Márcio dos Santos , Machado Fernanda Samarini , Campos Mariana Magalhães , Cortinhas Cristina Simões , Acedo Tiago Sabella , dos Santos Rafael Dantas , Rodrigues João Paulo Pacheco , Maurício Rogério Martins , Tomich Thierry Ribeiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effect of exogenous amylase on the in vitro rumen digestion kinetics of whole‐crop maize silage made from dent (RB9004) or flint grain type (RB9308) was evaluated at different phenological stages: soft dough (SOD), early dent (EAD), ½ milkline (½M) and ¾ milkline (¾M). Forage was harvested from 70 to 110 days after sowing. Two rumen‐cannulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7 g/kg dry matter—DM, provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units of amylase activity/kg of TMR DM) were used as donor of ruminal fluid. The in vitro gas production kinetics was evaluated according to a dual‐pool logistic model. The chemical composition and gas production kinetics were affected by the hybrid and phenological stages. The flint hybrid had lower range for chemical analysis among physiological stages. Harvesting at ½M and ¾M improved DM content, bromatological composition and silage quality parameters compared to dent or flint types. Amylase (i) increased methane (CH4) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in ½M stage, (ii) improved digestion kinetics by reducing lag time and increasing total gas production and fermentation rates of non‐fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and fibrous carbohydrates (FC), and (iii) increased extent and fermentation rate of NFC and increased fermentation rate of FC fraction in whole‐crop maize silages produced from dent or flint types in all phenological stages. Harvesting between ½M and ¾M is the best phenological stage to improve chemical composition and silage quality parameters. Exogenous amylase showed improvements on fibre digestion of silages at ½M and ¾M phenological stages in both grain types of corn.
Deer keds on wild ungulates in northern Italy, with a taxonomic key for the identification of Lipoptena spp. of Europe
Authors: Salvetti M. , Bianchi A. , Marangi M. , Barlaam A. , Giacomelli S. , Bertoletti I. , Roy L. , Giangaspero A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeer keds (Lipoptena spp.) are blood‐sucking ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and also accidentally of humans. In Europe, five Lipoptena spp. have been recorded, although the lack of specific taxonomic keys has often led to mistaken identification or to missing data. The present study aimed to develop an identification key of the European species and also to identify Lipoptena spp. found on wild ungulates in northern Italy. In total, 390 hippoboscids were collected from Rupicapra rupicapra, Capreolus capreolus, Cervus elaphus and Ovis aries musimon in an Alpine area of Italy. After morphological identification, 140 specimens were subjected to phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial (CO1) and nuclear (CAD) gene sequences. Despite the expected presence of slight morphological variations, all specimens examined were identified both microscopically and molecularly as Lipoptena cervi (100% identity for both CO1 and CAD genes). The massive increase in wild ungulate populations can favour the possibility of detecting other species of Lipoptena. The identification keys proposed in the present study may help with monitoring the presence of Lipoptena species, particularly in European countries where this ectoparasite is neglected and for which various data (from diffusion to control methods) are still missing.
Network tasks and accountability: A configurational analysis of EU regulatory networks
Authors: Saz‐Carranza Angel , Albareda Adrià , Federo Ryan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntergovernmental networks have become a prominent cooperative mechanism to deal with trans‐boundary and interdependent problems. Yet, we still have limited knowledge of how these collaborative endeavours are governed, which is crucial to properly understanding how they function. This article empirically examines the structural governance configurations of rule‐enforcing networks in the European Union. The article relies on data from 37 networks with rule‐enforcing tasks and conducts a qualitative comparative analysis. We find three basic governance structure configurations used by rule‐enforcing networks: first, a configuration with legal accountability, which is characterized by having a board of appeals; second, one with administrative accountability that, in addition to a board of appeals, has powerful executive boards and professional experts in the network plenary; and a third one with democratic accountability that incorporates legislative representatives in the network plenary. We argue that these results show how network tasks are related to accountability and governance.
Oryza sativa POSITIVE REGULATOR OF IRON DEFICIENCY RESPONSE 2 (OsPRI2) and OsPRI3 are involved in the maintenance of Fe homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Li Yang , Pu Mengna , Xu Peng , Liang Gang , Yu Diqiu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth development and plays a key role in regulating numerous cellular processes. In rice, OsHRZ1, an Fe‐binding ubiquitin ligase, is a putative sensor of Fe homeostasis that negatively regulates iron acquisition. Despite its apparent importance, only a single basic‐Helix–Loop–Helix (bHLH) transcription factor, OsPRI1, has been identified as a direct target of OsHRZ1. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized OsPRI2 and OsPRI3, two paralogs of OsPRI1, observing that they directly interact with OsHRZ1. Additional analyses suggested that OsHRZ1 promotes the degradation of OsPRI2 and OsPRI3. The translocation of Fe from roots to shoots was impaired in plants with loss‐of‐function mutations in OsPRI2 or OsPRI3, causing the downregulation of Fe‐deficiency‐responsive genes. In contrast, overexpression of OsPRI2 and OsPRI3 promotes Fe accumulation and activates the expression of Fe‐deficiency‐responsive genes. We also provide evidence that OsPRI2 and OsPRI3 bind to the promoters of OsIRO2 and OsIRO3, two key regulators of Fe homeostasis. Moreover, OsPRI2 and OsPRI3 directly induce expression of the metal‐nicotianamine transporter, OsYSL2, by associating with the promoter in response to Fe deficiency. Our results provide insights into the complex network regulating Fe homeostasis in rice.
Herbivore exposure alters ion fluxes and improves salt tolerance in a desert shrub
Authors: Chen Yingying , Cao Chuanjian , Guo Zhujuan , Zhang Qinghua , Li Shuwen , Zhang Xiao , Gong Junqing , Shen Yingbai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlants have evolved complex mechanisms that allow them to withstand multiple environmental stresses, including biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we investigated the interaction between herbivore exposure and salt stress of Ammopiptanthus nanus, a desert shrub. We found that jasmonic acid (JA) was involved in plant responses to both herbivore attack and salt stress, leading to an increased NaCl stress tolerance for herbivore‐pretreated plants and increase in K+/Na+ ratio in roots. Further evidence revealed the mechanism by which herbivore improved plant NaCl tolerance. Herbivore pretreatment reduced K+ efflux and increased Na+ efflux in plants subjected to long‐term, short‐term, or transient NaCl stress. Moreover, herbivore pretreatment promoted H+ efflux by increasing plasma membrane H+‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity. This H+ efflux creates a transmembrane proton motive force that drives the Na+/H+ antiporter to expel excess Na+ into the external medium. In addition, high cytosolic Ca2+ was observed in the roots of herbivore‐treated plants exposed to NaCl, and this effect may be regulated by H+‐ATPase. Taken together, herbivore exposure enhances A. nanus tolerance to salt stress by activating the JA‐signalling pathway, increasing plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity, promoting cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation, and then restricting K+ leakage and reducing Na+ accumulation in the cytosol.
Fiscal policy, government size and EMU business cycle synchronization
Authors: Bunyan Sabrina , Duffy David , Filis George , Tingbani Ishmael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the effects of fiscal policy and government size on pairwise business cycle synchronization in EMU. A novel time‐varying framework is employed to estimate business cycle synchronization and subsequently a panel approach is used to establish the role of fiscal variables in determining the pairwise synchronization observations across time. The findings suggest similarities in the size of the public sector, yet divergence in fiscal policy stance, matter for the determination of business cycle synchronization. Hence, increased fiscal federalism in EMU will contribute to increased business cycle synchronization. Our results remain robust to different specifications and sub‐periods.
To be or not to be: postcubital vein in insects revealed by microtomography
Authors: Schubnel Thomas , Desutter‐Grandcolas Laure , Legendre Frederic , Prokop Jakub , Mazurier Arnaud , Garrouste Romain , Grandcolas Philippe , Nel Andre 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTo better understand insect evolution, fossils – mainly known by their wings – must be used as terminals in phylogenetic analyses. Such analyses are, however, rarely performed because of a lack of consensus on the homology of venation in insects. Researchers do not agree with the current concept on the exact number and identity of the main veins. Here, we confirm the presence, which has been in question since the early 20th century, of an independent main postcubital vein (PCu vein) between the cubital and anal veins (29 fossil and extant examined orders; > 85% of observed insects). The PCu vein corresponds to the so‐called vein 1A or first anal vein. It is easily identified by the unique shape of its bulla. It may have several branches and be partially fused with the cubital and anal veins. Once the PCu vein was identified, we reconsidered as an example the particular case of the Phasmatodea, showing that extant stick insects have a unique venation among insects, with a reduced median vein and a simple cubital vein adjacent or fused to the PCu vein. This study is a new approach towards resolving wing vein homology issues, crucial for future large‐scale phylogenetic analyses in insects combining extant and extinct taxa.
Two ANGUSTIFOLIA genes regulate gametophore and sporophyte development in Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Hashida Yoshikazu , Takechi Katsuaki , Abiru Tomomi , Yabe Noriyuki , Nagase Hiroaki , Hattori Koro , Takio Susumu , Sato Yoshikatsu , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Tsukaya Hirokazu , Takano Hiroyoshi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryIn Arabidopsis thaliana the ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) gene regulates the width of leaves by controlling the diffuse growth of leaf cells in the medio‐lateral direction. In the genome of the moss Physcomitrella patens, we found two normal ANs (PpAN1‐1 and 1‐2). Both PpAN1 genes complemented the A. thaliana an‐1 mutant phenotypes. An analysis of spatiotemporal promoter activity of each PpAN1 gene, using transgenic lines that contained each PpAN1‐promoter– uidA (GUS) gene, showed that both promoters are mainly active in the stems of haploid gametophores and in the middle to basal region of the young sporophyte that develops into the seta and foot. Analyses of the knockout lines for PpAN1‐1 and PpAN1‐2 genes suggested that these genes have partially redundant functions and regulate gametophore height by controlling diffuse cell growth in gametophore stems. In addition, the seta and foot were shorter and thicker in diploid sporophytes, suggesting that cell elongation was reduced in the longitudinal direction, whereas no defects were detected in tip‐growing protonemata. These results indicate that both PpAN1 genes in P. patens function in diffuse growth of the haploid and diploid generations but not in tip growth. To visualize microtubule distribution in gametophore cells of P. patens, transformed lines expressing P. patens α‐tubulin fused to sGFP were generated. Contrary to expectations, the orientation of microtubules in the tips of gametophores in the PpAN1‐1/1‐2 double‐knockout lines was unchanged. The relationships among diffuse cell growth, cortical microtubules and AN proteins are discussed.
A6 neurons simultaneously modulate active expiration and upper airway resistance in rats
Authors: Magalhães Karolyne S. , de Britto Alan A. , Paton Julian F. R. , Moraes Davi J. A. 
Published: November 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Do A6 neurons modulate active expiratory and airway responses evoked by hypercapnia/acidosis?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Acute inhibition of A6 neurons reduced active expiratory, inspiratory and the associated oropharyngeal and laryngeal motor responses to hypercapnia/acidosis. A6 neurons provide excitatory synaptic drive contributing to the central generation of inspiratory and expiratory motor activity as well as the control of upper airway resistance.

AbstractDuring rest, inspiration is an active phenomenon, whereas expiration is passive. Under conditions of high chemical drive, such as hypercapnia/acidosis, there is an increase in inspiratory activity, expiration becomes active and upper airway resistance is reduced. The locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons (A6 neurons) are activated when exposed to elevated CO2/[H+] levels and modulate respiratory brainstem neurons regulating ventilation. However, the role of A6 neurons in the control of upper airway resistance is not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that A6 neurons contribute to the central generation of active inspiratory and expiratory responses and the associated changes in the motor nerves controlling upper airway resistance during hypercapnia/acidosis in rats. Using a perfused brainstem–spinal cord preparation, we inhibited A6 neurons using pharmacogenetics and evaluated the active expiratory (abdominal nerve), laryngeal (cervical vagus nerve), oropharyngeal (hypoglossal nerve) and inspiratory (phrenic nerve) motor nerve responses to hypercapnia/acidosis. Acute inhibition of A6 neurons did not produce significant changes in the respiratory pattern in normocapnia. However, the hypercapnia/acidosis‐induced active expiratory response and the associated changes in the motor nerves responsible for control of oropharyngeal and laryngeal resistance, as well as the inspiratory response were all reduced after inhibition of A6 neurons. Our data demonstrate that A6 neurons exert an important excitatory synaptic drive to the central generation of both active inspiratory and expiratory activities and modulate the control of upper airway resistance during hypercapnia/acidosis.
Volcanology and associated hazards of the San Francisco volcanic field
Authors: Riggs Nancy , Ort Michael , Connor Chuck , Alfano Fabrizio , Conway Michael 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The San Francisco volcanic field stretches from Williams, Arizona, in the west, to northeast of Flagstaff, Arizona, on the east. Within the ~5000 km2 area, more than 600 volcanoes are primarily monogenetic and basaltic, but silicic stratovolcanoes and domes are present as well. This field guide focuses on five broadly basaltic cones (Government Prairie vent, Red Mountain, SP Crater, Colton Crater, and Sunset Crater) and two silicic volcanoes (Kendrick Peak and San Francisco Mountain) in the field, with an emphasis on the different kinds of volcanic activity represented and the petrological variations. Hazards assessment indicates that is it possible for future eruptions to affect Flagstaff, but the probability is low. As information in this guide indicates, hazard assessments need to be improved to encompass a wide range of eruption types, and additional data are needed to improve models of the rate of volcanic activity and how the locus of activity has shifted over time.
Generation of Late Cretaceous Ji’an basalts through asthenosphere-slab interaction in South China
Authors: Wu Yangming , Guo Feng , Wang Xuan-Ce , Zhang Bo , Zhang Xiaobing , Alemayehu Melesse , Wang Guoqing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recycled crustal components have been widely identified in the source of continental basalts with geochemical features similar to oceanic island basalts (OIBs). However, the mechanism of how these recycled materials are involved remains highly debatable. Here we conduct comprehensive geochemical analyses (including whole-rock, olivine, and melt inclusion) and numerical modeling on Late Cretaceous Ji’an basalts from South China interior, aiming to investigate the possible role of recycled crustal components in basalt petrogenesis driven by the subducted paleo-Pacific oceanic plate. The Ji’an basalts show geochemical characteristics akin to OIBs and have depleted asthenospheric mantle-like Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions with moderately radiogenic Os. Their olivine-hosted melt inclusions have low H2O and highly negative δD values and olivine phenocrysts are mainly characterized by depletion of 18O with δ18O values lowering to 3.9‰. These features are consistent with positive Sr and Eu anomalies in some whole-rock samples. The combined geochemical data suggest that the primary magmas were derived from an asthenospheric mantle enriched by melts from an altered gabbroic oceanic crust, which had experienced intensive dehydration. Further numerical modeling shows that melting of the dehydrated oceanic crust can occur along the torn flank of the subducting lithosphere, in the case that the slab is strongly thinned and fractured. The low δ18O preserved in olivine and the estimated slab age (&lt;300 Ma) from the radiogenic whole-rock Os and Pb compositions also require the involvement of a recently recycled slab, probably represented by the subducted paleo-Pacific oceanic plate. Rollback of the subducting paleo-Pacific slab might create a slab window, in which melt from the torn/fractured slab reacted with the upwelling asthenosphere to form an enriched mantle source for the Ji’an basalts and similar counterparts.
Description of a New Species of Pelagic Eelpout Melanostigma thalassium sp. nova (Zoarcidae) from Walvis Ridge (Southeastern Atlantic) and Identification Key for Species of the Genus from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Orlovskaya M. V. , Balushkin A. V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A new species Melanostigma thalassium sp. n. is described from the underwater Walvis Ridge (Southeast Atlantic Ocean). This species differs from the other species of the genus Melanostigma in an original combination of characters based on the structure of the head’s lateral line system (interruption in supratemporal commissure with the loss of medial segments and the absence of pores in the temporal canal) and a nontransparent dark body. In addition, it is different in a range of the count characters in the axial skeleton and fins. A key for identifying the Atlantic species of the genus is provided.
Prospective associations of psychosocial work exposures with mortality in France: STRESSJEM study protocol
Authors: Niedhammer Isabelle , Milner Allison , Geoffroy-Perez Béatrice , Coutrot Thomas , LaMontagne Anthony D , Chastang Jean-François 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionAlthough evidence has been provided on the associations between psychosocial work exposures and morbidity outcomes in the literature, knowledge appears much more sparse on mortality outcomes. The objective of STRESSJEM is to explore the prospective associations between psychosocial work exposures and mortality outcomes among the national French working population. In this paper, we describe the study protocol, study population, data sources, method for exposure assessment, data analysis and future plans.Methods and analysisData sources will include: the data from the national SUMER survey from DARES on the evaluation of psychosocial work exposures and the data from the COSMOP programme from Santé publique France linking job history (DADS data from INSEE) and mortality according to causes of death (data from the national death registry, INSERM-CépiDc). A sample of 1 511 456 individuals will form the studied prospective cohort for which data are available on both job history and mortality over the period 1976–2002. Psychosocial work exposures will be imputed via a job-exposure matrix using three job title variables that are available in both the SUMER and COSMOP data sets. Our objectives will be to study the associations between various psychosocial work exposures and mortality outcomes. Psychosocial work exposures will include the job strain model factors as well as other psychosocial work factors. Various measures of exposure over time will be used. All-cause and cause-specific mortality will be studied.Ethics and disseminationBoth the SUMER survey and the COSMOP programme have been approved by French ethics committees. Dissemination of the study results will include a series of international peer-reviewed papers and at least one paper in French. The results will be presented in national and international conferences. This project will offer a unique opportunity to explore mortality outcomes in association with psychosocial work exposures in a large national representative sample of the working population.
LeiKA: an optional German general practice teaching project for first-semester medical students: who is taking part and why? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Geier Anne-Kathrin , Saur Christiane , Lippmann Stefan , Nafziger Melanie , Frese T , Deutsch Tobias 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis study investigates students’ adoption of LeiKA, a new extracurricular longitudinal general practice (GP) teaching project. LeiKA aims to attract a broad range of students, not only those who are already planning to become GPs. This study compares participants’ and non-participants’ characteristics, career preferences and job-related value orientations to assess the programme’s initial potential to increase the number of students subsequently entering GP careers. Additionally, students’ motives for taking part in the programme were explored.DesignWe analysed administrative data and data from a cross-sectional questionnaire survey for the first three cohorts. LeiKA participants were compared with non-participants regarding baseline characteristics, career intentions and attitudes associated with GP careers. There was also a qualitative analysis of the reasons for taking part.SettingFaculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.ParticipantsFirst-semester medical students in the years 2016–2018.ResultsIn the first 3 years, 86 of 90 LeiKA slots were taken, 9.0% (n=86/960) of those eligible to apply. LeiKA participants were a mean of 0.6 years older (LeiKA: 21.5 vs whole cohort: 20.9 years, p<0.001) and slightly more interested in long-term doctor–patient relationships (3.6 vs 3.3, scale from 1 ‘unimportant’ to 5 ‘very important’, p=0.018), but did not differ regarding other characteristics and attitudes. Although more participants definitely favoured a GP career (13.1% vs 4.9%, p=0.001), it was a possible option for most students in both groups (78.6% vs 74.0%). Early acquisition of skills and patient contact were the main motives for taking part, stated by 60.7% and 41.7% of the participants, respectively.ConclusionsThe extracurricular programme was taken up by a broad range of students, indicating its potential to attract more students to become GPs. The reasons for taking part that we identified may guide the planning of other similar projects.