bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics scheme for Newtonian/non‐Newtonian multiphase flows including semi‐analytical solutions for two‐phase inelastic Poiseuille flows
Authors: Xenakis Antonios M. , Lind Steven J. , Stansby Peter K. , Rogers Benedict D. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryAn incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is developed for the modeling of multiphase Newtonian and inelastic non‐Newtonian flows at low density ratios. This new method is the multiphase extension of Xenakis et al, J. Non‐Newtonian Fluid Mech., 218, 1‐15, which has been shown to be stable and accurate, with a virtually noise‐free pressure field for single‐phase non‐Newtonian flows. For the validation of the method a semi‐analytical solution of a two‐phase Newtonian/non‐Newtonian (inelastic) Poiseuille flow is derived. The developed method is also compared with the benchmark multiphase case of the Rayleigh Taylor instability and a submarine landslide, thereby demonstrating capability in both Newtonian/Newtonian and Newtonian/non‐Newtonian two‐phase applications. Comparisons with analytical solutions, experimental and previously published results are conducted and show that the proposed methodology can accurately predict the free‐surface and interface profiles of complex incompressible multi‐phase flows at low‐density ratios relevant, for example, to geophysical environmental applications.
Effect of fresh pomegranate juice on the level of melatonin, insulin, and fasting serum glucose in healthy individuals and people with impaired fasting glucose
Authors: Banihani Saleem A. , Fashtaky Reham A. , Makahleh Seham M. , El‐Akawi Zeyad J. , Khabour Omar F. , Saadeh Nesreen A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPomegranate juice (PGJ) is rich in unique bioactive compounds that can be used in the management of various diseases/disorders such as cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of fresh PGJ on levels of melatonin, insulin, and fasting blood glucose in people with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). The study was a randomized clinical trial in which 28 participants (10 males, 18 females) with IFG were recruited from Irbid Central Laboratory and the Diabetes Clinic of the University Hospital at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Blood specimens from each participant were collected before (−5 min), and 1 and 3 hr after PGJ administration at 1.5 ml/kg of the body weight, and melatonin, insulin, and glucose were measured. People with IFG, but not healthy individuals, had significant antihyperglycemic response (p < .0001) to PGJ 3 hr after ingesting the juice. This response was not correlated with the age of participants (p = .4287). In addition, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was significantly decreased (p < .0001) among people with IFG 3 hr after ingesting the juice. Moreover, 1 hr after PGJ administration, decreases in melatonin and increases in insulin were significantly observed among healthy (p = .0284, p = .0017) and IFG (p = .0056, p = .0007) individuals, respectively. In conclusion, fresh PGJ lowers melatonin, increases the level of insulin, and ameliorates insulin resistance in people with IFG.
Social weather: A review of crowdsourcing‐assisted meteorological knowledge services through social cyberspace
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Zhang Sifan , Li Yinan , Lu Hao , Shi Kaize , Niu Zhendong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCrowdsourcing has significantly motivated the development of meteorological services. Starting from the beginning of 2010s and highly motivating after 2014, crowdsourcing‐driven meteorological services have evolved from a single collection and observation of data to the systematic acquisition, analysis and application of these data. In this review, by focusing on papers and databases that have combined crowdsourcing methods to promote or implement meteorological knowledge services, we analysed the relevant literature in three dimensions: data collection, information analysis and meteorological knowledge applications. First, we selected the potential data sources for crowdsourcing and discussed the characteristics of the collected data in four dimensions: consciousness, objectiveness, mobility and multidisciplinary. Second, based on the purpose of these studies and the extent of utilizing data as well as knowledge, we categorize the crowdsourcing‐based meteorological analysis into three levels: relationship discovery, knowledge generalization and systemized service. Third, according to the application scenario, we discussed the applications that have already been put into use, and we suggest current challenges and future research directions. These previous studies show that the use of crowdsourcing in social space can expand the coverage as well as enhance the performance of meteorological service. It was also evident that current researches are contributing towards a systemic and intelligent knowledge service to establish a better bridge among academic, industrial and individual community.
Current intensity‐ and polarity‐specific online and aftereffects of transcranial direct current stimulation: An fMRI study
Authors: Jamil Asif , Batsikadze Giorgi , Kuo Hsiao‐I. , Meesen Raf L. J. , Dechent Peter , Paulus Walter , Nitsche Michael A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) induces polarity‐ and dose‐dependent neuroplastic aftereffects on cortical excitability and cortical activity, as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and functional imaging (fMRI) studies. However, lacking systematic comparative studies between stimulation‐induced changes in cortical excitability obtained from TMS, and cortical neurovascular activity obtained from fMRI, prevent the extrapolation of respective physiological and mechanistic bases. We investigated polarity‐ and intensity‐dependent effects of tDCS on cerebral blood flow (CBF) using resting‐state arterial spin labeling (ASL‐MRI), and compared the respective changes to TMS‐induced cortical excitability (amplitudes of motor evoked potentials, MEP) in separate sessions within the same subjects (n = 29). Fifteen minutes of sham, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0‐mA anodal or cathodal tDCS was applied over the left primary motor cortex (M1) in a randomized repeated‐measure design. Time‐course changes were measured before, during and intermittently up to 120‐min after stimulation. ROI analyses indicated linear intensity‐ and polarity‐dependent tDCS after‐effects: all anodal‐M1 intensities increased CBF under the M1 electrode, with 2.0‐mA increasing CBF the greatest (15.3%) compared to sham, while all cathodal‐M1 intensities decreased left M1 CBF from baseline, with 2.0‐mA decreasing the greatest (−9.3%) from sham after 120‐min. The spatial distribution of perfusion changes correlated with the predicted electric field, as simulated with finite element modeling. Moreover, tDCS‐induced excitability changes correlated more strongly with perfusion changes in the left sensorimotor region compared to the targeted hand‐knob region. Our findings reveal lasting tDCS‐induced alterations in cerebral perfusion, which are dose‐dependent with tDCS parameters, but only partially account for excitability changes.
Antarctic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii (AL65): biomass and exopolysaccharide production and biosorption of metals
Authors: Rusinova‐Videva Snezhana , Nachkova Stefka , Adamov Aleksandar , Dimitrova‐Dyulgerova Ivanka 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPollution by heavy metals poses serious environmental problems and is dangerous to human health, so considerable attention has been given to methods for their removal from industrial effluents. The need for highly effective biosorbents able to remove heavy metals from waste waters, even at the low concentrations which are still toxic for living organisms in ecosystems, is a topical problem.RESULTSIn the present study, psychrophilic yeast strain Cryptococcus laurentii (AL65) was used to explore its potential for biosorption of metal ions. The accumulation of biomass was followed continuously in the context of bioreactor cultivation. An adsorption experiment of caustic pretreated biomass was conducted in batch mode with synthetic mixed solution in the pH range 4.7–7.0, and ion concentrations of individual metals were simultaneously determined by inductively coupled plasma ‐ optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES). Biosorption abilities were determined for 15 elements: the total amount of adsorbed ions was 68 mg g−1 dry biomass for 10 mg L−1 initial concentration of each element in the solution, and 113 mg g−1 for 20 mg L−1. The highest adsorption capacity was observed in the 20 mg L−1 solution for aluminium, chromium, indium, gallium, iron and bismuth in the range 12–16 mg g−1 dry biomass at an optimal pH of ≈5.CONCLUSIONThe results on the biosorption ability of Antarctic producer Cryptococcus laurentii (AL65) can be used in the optimization of technological processes for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Empathy and engineering formation
Authors: Walther Joachim , Brewer Michael A. , Sochacka Nicola W. , Miller Shari E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe engineering education discourse increasingly recognizes the role of empathy in preparing students for 21st century challenges. This pedagogical and theoretical interest is not supported by an empirical understanding of the role empathy plays in students' professional formation.PurposeThis study investigated how undergraduate engineering students made sense of empathy during a series of empathic communication modules as part of a mechanical engineering design course.MethodologyPost‐module reflections from 146 students were collected in two iterations of the course. The data were qualitatively analyzed using social phenomenology to focus on participants' meaning making in the context of their overall experiences. A model of empathy as interrelated skills, orientations, and ways of being theoretically framed the data gathering and analysis.FindingsThree analytic categories structured the significant variation in students' meaning making. (a) Relationships with Others captured students' understandings of the relationship with and role of others along the three dimensions of Distance, Difference, and Power. (b) The Act of Learning identified varying degrees of resonance or disconnect between students' expectations of engineering learning and the forms of learning encountered in the modules. (c) Empathy as a Conceptual Object described the variation of students' own understandings of the nature and function of empathy in the context of their engineering learning.ConclusionsThe experiential significance of engaging with empathy makes visible and pedagogically accessible students' value orientations that frame their relationships toward others and their self‐understanding as engineers, thus providing potential new avenues for research and education to engage less tangible facets of engineering formation.
Optimizing stock‐keeping unit selection for promotional display space at grocery retailers
Authors: Pak Olga , Ferguson Mark , Perdikaki Olga , Wu Su‐Ming 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPromotional displays, such as end‐of‐aisle displays, provide a stimulus for discretionary and incremental sales at grocery stores, offering a powerful yet affordable tool to boost profit. In this study, we examine a store manager's choice of which stock‐keeping units (SKUs) from a given category to assign to a promotional display space. While the academic literature and retail software solution providers offer a variety of optimization solutions for the assortment optimization problem, there is very little guidance for retailers on how to optimally determine when and what products to place on their promotional display space. Consequently, retailers often default to simple heuristics, which are typically suboptimal from a profit maximization standpoint, when making this decision. Thus, there is a need for a decision support tool to facilitate the product selection for promotional display space. Using a grocery store sales transaction data set, we demonstrate how to measure the incremental lift in sales of placing a particular SKU on promotional display space. Our optimization model includes the incremental lifts (from the estimation method) combined with the estimated base‐sales rates and profit margins of each SKU so that the profit‐maximizing SKU can be chosen for a promotional display space for each week of the year. Placing a SKU on promotional display can result in a significant lift in sales. For example, the estimated average display effect (i.e., sales lift) for the beer category across all SKUs and all weeks is 27%, which makes promotional display a very effective tool for stimulating incremental product sales. Overall, our methodology results in at least 1.6 times improvement in incremental profit when compared to a common industry benchmark. We also test our methodology on two additional product categories and demonstrate that it performs equally well across product categories. Our work provides an easy‐to‐implement, promotional display SKU‐selection methodology that includes both an estimation and an optimization model. Our estimation model can handle an extensive and complex product assortment and accounts for important aspects of promotional activities such as the cannibalization of the inner aisle sales and halo effects. Our optimization model is flexible enough to consider practical aspects such as common business rules that restrict the selection of the same SKU over a consecutive set of weeks, display‐related changeover costs, and slotting fees offered by the manufacturers. Overall, our study underscores the importance of making effective promotional display decisions.
Evaluation of trabecular bone changes in patients with periodontitis using fractal analysis: A periapical radiography study
Authors: Aktuna Belgin Ceren , Serindere Gozde 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study was aimed to evaluate the trabecular bone changes between healthy individuals and periodontitis patients with fractal dimension analysis on digital periapical radiographs.MethodsData from 35 healthy and 35 individuals with periodontitis were confirmed from the database of our faculty and included in the study. Two regions of interest (ROI) were selected belonging to mesial and distal region of mandibular first molar on periapical radiographs. The mean fractal dimension (FD) values of two regions were calculated with using box‐counting method. Student t test was used for the comparison of the FDs.ResultsThe mean FD of individuals with periodontitis was 0.97, whereas it was 1.04 for the healthy group. The mean FD values were significantly higher in the healthy group (P < 0.05). In the periodontitis group, as the FD of mesial interdental bone increased, the FD of distal interdental bone increased significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionBecause of FD numerically showing changes in bone trabeculation, changes in the alveolar bone can be detected quantitatively.
Development of functional pasta with microencapsulated Spirulina: technological and sensorial effects
Authors: Zen Cindiele Karen , Tiepo Caroline Balensiefer Vicenzi , da Silva Raíssa Vieira , Reinehr Christian Oliveira , Gutkoski Luiz Carlos , Oro Tatiana , Colla Luciane Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpirulina microalgae have been added to food; however, there have been few reports on the methods used to protect the antioxidant potential against process conditions, and the effects on the sensory characteristics of products need to be better described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence on the technological properties, sensory profile, and acceptability of the pasta with free or microencapsulated Spirulina biomass added. Pasta formulations included: free Spirulina (FSP), microencapsulated Spirulina (MSP), and empty microspheres (EMP), which were compared with the control pasta (CP).RESULTSThe microencapsulation protected the antioxidant potential of Spirulina in 37.8% of the pasta cooking conditions. The microspheres presented low solubility in water (86 g.kg−1) and high encapsulation efficiency (87.6%), this being appropriate for addition to products that need cooking in water. The technological properties of pasta (water absorption, weight gain, firmness, and adhesiveness) were affected, but the overall acceptability index (85.13%) was not influenced by the addition of microspheres, despite changes observed in the sensory profile obtained by the CATA (check‐all‐that‐apply).CONCLUSIONSSpirulina could be added to pasta even without microencapsulation but the microencapsulation in alginate allows for the protection of the antioxidant potential of the biomass, representing a potential alternative for the bakery industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Loganin alleviates LPS‐activated intestinal epithelial inflammation by regulating TLR4/NF‐κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Jia‐Wen , Pan Yi‐Bin , Cao Yong‐Qing , Wang Chen , Jiang Wei‐Dong , Zhai Wei‐Feng , Lu Jin‐Gen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation that affects millions of people around the world. Loganin, an iridoid glycoside, has shown the anti‐inflammatory effects. However, the effect of loganin on IBD and its underlying molecular mechanism are not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether loganin could alleviate IBD and its mechanisms. The intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cell line was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish an in vitro IBD model. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. The expression and release level of inflammatory factors were determined by both real‐time‐PCR and ELISA. Western blotting was used to assess the NF‐κB and JAK/STAT3 pathway‐related protein levels. The results showed that loganin repressed the expression and release of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β, and inhibited TLR4/NF‐κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways in a concentration‐dependent manner. Overexpression of TLR4 could reverse the effect of loganin, leading to activation of NF‐κB signaling and production of inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, IGF‐1, a JAK/STAT3 signaling activator, could also reverse the anti‐inflammation effect of loganin. In conclusion, loganin inhibited LPS‐activated intestinal epithelial inflammation by repressing TLR4/NF‐κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Amendments with humified compost effectively sequester organic carbon in agricultural soils
Authors: Spaccini Riccardo , Piccolo Alessandro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPreventing degradation of soil quality and productivity entails development of sustainable practices to enhance soil organic matter. We followed soil organic carbon (OC) accumulation during 3 years long‐field experiments in two different Italian soils under conventional tillage (TRA), reduced tillage (MIN), green manure (GM) and two rates (low, CMPL, and, high, CMPH) of mature compost amendments. Despite soil textures differences, CMP additions enhanced in both field sites OC accumulation in either bulk soils or water‐stable aggregates (WSA), especially for CMPH, that was more pronounced than for MIN and GM. While the sum of OC in WSA showed an average retention of 80–90% of cumulative carbon added with compost, incorporated OC in WSA of MIN and GM reached only 26 and 55% of total carbon amended with fresh biomass for the light and heavy textured soils, respectively. Hence, MIN and GM accumulated SOC only up to the physical saturation limit dictated by soil texture, whereas CMP retained a larger additional SOC than TRA due to hydrophobic affinity among apolar domains progressively added to soil with humified compost. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of humus extracted after the first and third treatment year confirmed this behaviour. While no changes were observed in spectra for MIN and GM, humic extracts from CMP showed significantly larger content of apolar alkyl and aromatic moieties after the third experimental year. Our results suggest that soil amendment with well humified compost is an effective practice to sequester carbon into agricultural soils, besides improving their organic fertility.
Characterizing Cross‐Linking Within Polymeric Biomaterials in the SEM by Secondary Electron Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: Farr Nicholas , Pashneh‐Tala Samand , Stehling Nicola , Claeyssens Frederik , Green Nicola , Rodenburg Cornelia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA novel capability built upon secondary electron (SE) spectroscopy provides an enhanced cross‐linking characterization toolset for polymeric biomaterials, with cross‐linking density and variation captured at a multiscale level. The potential of SE spectroscopy for material characterization has been investigated since 1947. The absence of suitable instrumentation and signal processing proved insurmountable barriers to applying SE spectroscopy to biomaterials, and consequently, capturing SE spectra containing cross‐linking information is a new concept. To date, cross‐linking extent is inferred from analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry, and Raman spectroscopy (RS). NMR provides extremely localized information on the atomic scale and molecular scale, while RS information volume is on the microscale. Other methods for the indirect study of cross‐linking are bulk mechanical averaging methods, such as tensile and compression modulus testing. However, these established averaging methods for the estimation of polymer cross‐linking density are incomplete because they fail to provide information of spatial distributions within the biomaterial morphology across all relevant length scales. The efficacy of the SE spectroscopy capability is demonstrated in this paper by the analysis of poly(glycerol sebacate)‐methacrylate (PGS‐M) at different degrees of methacrylation delivering new insights into PGS‐M morphology.
Synthesis, Structural, and Magnetic Properties of Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4Nanoparticles by Sol–Gel Route
Authors: Dubey Hemant Kumar , Lahiri Preeti 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this work, the cubic spinel manganese‐zinc ferrite nanoparticle is synthesized by the sol–gel auto combustion method. It is the simple chemical route and low‐cost method for the formation of manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles. Structural and morphological studies of the synthesized manganese‐zinc ferrite nanoparticles are done by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microsccopy (SEM). The X‐ray diffraction results indicate that the ferrite sample has a cubic spinel type structure with Fd3m space group. The average crystallite size of the synthesized manganese zinc ferrite nanoparticles is found to be 34 nm as determined by Debye–Scherrer equation. Two well‐known absorption bands at 467 and 558 cm−1, in FTIR spectroscopy data also confirm the cubic spinel structure in the prepared samples. Morphological studies by SEM exposed formation of largely agglomerated and well‐defined nanoparticles of the sample. From the magnetization data, parameters like magnetization, coercivity, remanance magnetization, and squareness ratio are calculated.