bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of ι‐ and κ‐carrageenan addition on freezing process and ice crystals structure of strawberry sorbet frozen by various methods
Authors: Kamińska‐Dwórznicka Anna , Janczewska‐Dupczyk Agnieszka , Kot Anna , Łaba Sylwia , Samborska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was to study the influence of ι‐ and κ‐carrageenan addition to strawberry sorbet prepared by various freezing methods (cryostat and conventional freezer) on freezing kinetics and ice crystals structure. Four variants of strawberry‐based sorbet were prepared: with no additive, with 0.1% addition of ι‐ and κ‐carrageenan, and 1:1 blend of both. Freezing curves and freezing time, as well as the size and morphology of ice crystals, were analyzed. The addition of carrageenan stabilizers resulted in freezing process elongation. Reference samples were characterized by different dynamics of the freezing process. The addition of carrageenan increased the final temperature of the samples, compared to the reference sample (even 2.6 °C of difference). Additives reduced ice crystals growth. The most efficient was mixture of both fractions of carrageenan––the samples in this variant frozen in conventional freezer were characterized by the smallest ice crystals diameter––average 5.44 µm, while for the reference sample it was 17.79 µm.Practical ApplicationThis research can give a new path for the carrageenan's hydrolysates application––not only for dairy products. Iota carrageenan fraction was recommended for dairy products according to its water‐holding capacity in the presence of calcium ions. This study showed that mix of ι‐ and κ‐carrageenan could bring positive results to such product as sorbet without any milk proteins addition. This experiment data could also be helpful when optimizing frozen desserts production in small gastronomy––especially the temperature and time of freezing modifications.
AnUstilago maydischassis for itaconic acid production without by‐products
Authors: Becker Johanna , Hosseinpour Tehrani Hamed , Gauert Marc , Mampel Jörg , Blank Lars M. , Wierckx Nick 
Published: December 2019

SummaryUstilago maydisis a promising yeast for the production of a range of valuable metabolites, including itaconate, malate, glycolipids and triacylglycerols. However, wild‐type strains generally produce a potpourri of all of these metabolites, which hinders efficient production of single target chemicals. In this study, the diverse by‐product spectrum ofU. maydiswas reduced through strain engineering using CRISPR/Cas9 and FLP/FRT, greatly increasing the metabolic flux into the targeted itaconate biosynthesis pathway. With this strategy, a marker‐free chassis strain could be engineered, which produces itaconate from glucose with significantly enhanced titre, rate and yield. The lack of by‐product formation not only benefited itaconate production, it also increases the efficiency of downstream processing improving cell handling and product purity.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D protects against age‐related osteoporosis by a novel VDR‐Ezh2‐p16 signal axis
Authors: Yang Renlei , Chen Jie , Zhang Jiao , Qin Ran , Wang Rong , Qiu Yue , Mao Zhiyuan , Goltzman David , Miao Dengshun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo determine whether 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) can exert an anti‐osteoporosis role through anti‐aging mechanisms, we analyzed the bone phenotype of mice with 1,25(OH)2D deficiency due to deletion of the enzyme, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 1α‐hydroxylase, while on a rescue diet. 1,25(OH)2D deficiency accelerated age‐related bone loss by activating the p16/p19 senescence signaling pathway, inhibiting osteoblastic bone formation, and stimulating osteoclastic bone resorption, osteocyte senescence, and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Supplementation of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 corrected the osteoporotic phenotype caused by 1,25(OH)2D deficiency or natural aging by inhibiting the p16/p19 pathway. The proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and ectopic bone formation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from mice with genetically induced deficiency of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were significantly reduced by mechanisms including increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. We also demonstrated that p16 deletion largely rescued the osteoporotic phenotype caused by 1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency, whereas 1,25(OH)2D3 could up‐regulate the enzyme Ezh2 via VDR‐mediated transcription thereby enriching H3K27me3 and repressing p16/p19 transcription. Finally, we demonstrated that treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 improved the osteogenic defects of human BM‐MSCs caused by repeated passages by stimulating their proliferation and inhibiting their senescence via the VDR‐Ezh2‐p16 axis. The results of this study therefore indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 plays a role in preventing age‐related osteoporosis by up‐regulating Ezh2 via VDR‐mediated transcription, increasing H3K27me3 and repressing p16 transcription, thus promoting the proliferation and osteogenesis of BM‐MSCs and inhibiting their senescence, while also stimulating osteoblastic bone formation, and inhibiting osteocyte senescence, SASP, and osteoclastic bone resorption.
Identification of genetic loci associated with growth traits at weaning in yak through a genome‐wide association study
Authors: Jia C. , Li C. , Fu D. , Chu M. , Zan L. , Wang H. , Liang C. , Yan P. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryA multilocus GWAS was performed to explore the genetic architecture of four growth traits in yak. In total, 354 female yaks for which measurements of body weight (BW), withers height (WH), body length (BL) and chest girth (CG) at weaning were available underwent genotyping with the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (770K). After quality control, we retained 98 688 SNPs and 354 animals for GWAS analysis. We identified seven, 18, seven and nine SNPs (corresponding to seven, 17, seven and eight candidate genes) associated with BW, WH, BL and CG at weaning respectively. Interestingly, most of these candidate genes were reported to be involved in growth‐related processes such as muscle formation, lipid deposition, feed efficiency, carcass composition and development of the central and peripheral nervous system. Our results offer novel insight into the molecular architecture underpinning yak growth traits. Further functional analyses are thus warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms whereby these genes affect these traits of interest.
Extracellular matrix composition of different spleen compartments of fruit bats
Authors: Hanadhita Desrayni , Rahma Anisa , Wahid Muhammad R. , Mayasari Ni Luh Putu I. , Satyaningtijas Aryani S. , Hondo Eiichi , Agungpriyono Srihadi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe distribution and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) of the spleen in two species of fruit bats, namely Cynopterus titthaecheilus and Rousettus leschenaultii, were examined by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Reticular fibres accompanied by laminin were identified to make up the splenic stromal network. Types I and III collagen were identified in various spleen compartments with varying intensities. Thin and short elastin fibres were scattered in several parts of the spleen. Visualization of the ECM of the spleen can better demonstrate spleen compartmentalization. The alleged vascular space structure in the fruit bats spleen was the sinus structure that was strengthened by the presence of reticular fibres that limit the sinus basement membrane. The present study identified periellipsoidal lymphoid sheath (PELS)‐like structure in fruit bats spleen that had never been identified in mammals before. In addition to describing the structure, this study highlighted the variations in ECM composition of the spleen between species that can provide new insight into the phylogenetic study of spleen morphology.
The clinical spectrum of dermatomyositis and the new autoantibodies – with regard to two clinical cases with distinct associations
Authors: Calvão da Silva Joana Cruz Matos , Santiago Luís , Brites Maria Manuel , Gonçalo Margarida 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDermatomyositis is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with different autoantibodies (anti‐MDA5, anti‐TIF1‐γ) which are linked with typical and distinct phenotypes of dermatomyositis. We describe two cases that illustrate these diverse cutaneous and systemic manifestations.
Lycopene attenuates chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation via the interaction of NF‐κB, MAPKs, and Nrf2 signaling pathways in rats
Authors: Zhao Qinxin , Yang Feiya , Meng Lingquan , Chen Dong , Wang Mingshuai , Lu Xinxing , Chen Dexi , Jiang Yongguang , Xing Nianzeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is identified as a urinary andrological diseases that afflict men due to various discomforts. It is urgent and meaningful to develop the novel and effective treatments as a result of the unclear etiology and dismal therapeutic effect of CP/CPPS. Lycopene exerts a crucial role in numerous chronic inflammatory diseases owing to its potent antioxidant capacity.ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe the effect of lycopene on CP/CPPS and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Materials and MethodsA CP/CPPS model with complete Freund's adjuvant was established in this study. Afterward, intragastric lycopene or corn oil was administered daily for 4 consecutive weeks. Finally, the cardiac blood and prostate tissue samples were collected from rats to carry out related evaluation and testing.ResultsIt was found in this study that lycopene alleviated changes in prostate histopathology compared with those in the complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced CP/CPPS model rats without lycopene treatment. Furthermore, lycopene was suggested to reduce the levels of chemokines MCP1 and MIP‐1α, down‐regulate the expression levels of cytokines (such as TNFα, IL‐1β, IL‐2, and IL‐6), and up‐regulate those of CAT, GSH‐PX, and T‐SOD, decrease that of malondialdehyde. Moreover, it also inhibited the phosphorylation of MAPKs, NF‐κB, and enhanced phosphorylation of the Nrf2 in the CP/CPPS rat model.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings in this study suggest that lycopene exerts potent anti‐ CP/CPPS Seffects through alleviating inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which is probably attributed to the interaction of NF‐κB, MAPKs, and Nrf2 signaling pathways in rats. As a natural antioxidant, lycopene may serve as a promising pharmaceutical preparation for treating CP/CPPS.
Mycophenolates: The latest modern and potent immunosuppressive drugs in adult kidney transplantation: What we should know about them?
Authors: Bentata Yassamine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduced in 1995, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) would become the most powerful antiproliferative agent in the field of organ transplantation, thereby supplanting azathioprine, the first antiproliferative agent introduced in the early 1960s. Its association with tacrolimus greatly improved kidney transplant (KT) prognosis by significantly reducing the incidence of posttransplant acute rejection. MMF is also reputed to be a safe medication, but the frequency of the gastrointestinal complications associated with it, even minor ones, has induced the marketing of a second molecule called enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium. This late form of mycophenolate was supposed to be better tolerated thanks to its pharmacokinetic properties but the studies did not show significant differences between the two molecules. Otherwise, the combination of MMF with tacrolimus has significantly increased the risk of infections, particularly viral, and of neoplasia. To reduce this risk and avoid any situation of under or overexposure while remaining effective, only a strict and long‐term monitoring of MMF allows the maintenance of already established therapeutic targets within the predefined ranges. In KT, individualizing the prescription and targets of MMF according to immunologic risk, global immunosuppression, and posttransplant period, as for other immunosuppressants, is open to discussion and may be beneficial.
Two duodenal gastrointestinal stroma tumors: Management by minimally invasive surgery and then by conservative surgery
Authors: Dembinski Jeanne , Sabbagh Charles , Chivot Cyril , Le Mouel Jean‐Philippe , Regimbeau Jean‐Marc 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 48‐year‐old woman treated for a gastrointestinal stroma tumor of the duodenum after presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. She was treated with a combination of a radiological and endoscopic approach and minimally invasive surgery. During follow‐up, the patient developed a second metachronous duodenal gastrointestinal stroma tumor, distinct from a local recurrence. This tumor was treated with a conservative surgical approach.
What do we know about duodenal‐type follicular lymphoma? From pathological definition to treatment options
Authors: Duffles Amarante Guilherme , Collins Graham , Rocha Vanderson 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDuodenal‐type follicular lymphoma (DFL) is a newly recognised variant of follicular lymphoma (FL), although little is known about its biology and clinical evolution. In general, patients tend to have mild symptoms and do not require therapy, comparable with other forms of low‐tumour burden asymptomatic FL. Specific pathological features, such as a dendritic cell meshwork, low expression of CD10 and upregulation of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase can help the diagnosis. The molecular landscape of DFL is similar to the classical nodal presentation of FL, although studies using gene expression profiling demonstrate a close relation with MALT lymphomas. Markers associated with inflammation have suggested that the microenvironment plays a likely role in the pathogenesis of DFL and its low progression rate. Clinical series published vary between 20–63 patients with an estimated overall survival between 92–100% and a median follow‐up ranging between 20 and 107 months. Treatment options include a watch and wait strategy, rituximab monotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we summarise current pathological data and treatment studies in DFL.
piR‐39980 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibits apoptosis via repression of SERPINB1 in human osteosarcoma
Authors: Das Basudeb , Jain Neha , Mallick Bibekanand 
Published: December 2019

Background InformationPiwi‐interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of ∼23–36 nts long endogenous small non‐coding RNAs, earlier known to maintain germline genome integrity during development by regulating transposable elements. Recently, piRNAs are known to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis in different cancer cells. However, piRNAs have not yet been reported in human osteosarcoma (OS), a highly metastatic aggressive bone tumour among adolescents. Therefore, our current study aimed to decrypt the potential role of a piRNA, piR‐39980 in osteosarcoma, which was earlier reported by us in fibrosarcoma, neuroblastoma and epithelial ovarian cancer.ResultsWe found that piR‐39980 is significantly upregulated in two human osteosarcoma cell lines, 143B and HOS compared to IMR90‐tert fibroblast cells. The transient overexpression of endogenous piR‐39980 level through transfection by piRNA mimic promotes proliferation, migration and invasion ability of OS cells, whereas its inhibition significantly induces apoptosis, chromatin condensation and γ‐H2AX accumulation as well as restrains migration and invasion of OS cells. Further, we found 13 genes as targets of piR‐39980 using miRanda, among which SERPINB1 that is downregulated in OS cells is seen to suppress proliferation, and migration in this cancer upon its overexpression. The knockdown of piR‐39980 in OS cells led to enhanced expression of SERPINB1 indicating to be its target, which was then confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. In addition, gelatin zymography and western blotting revealed that transfection of piR‐39980 mimic promotes MMP‐2 activation, whereas its inhibition and SERPINB1 overexpression suppresses MMP‐2 activation in OS cells.ConclusionsTaken together, our study revealed that piR‐39980 promotes migration and invasion via MMP‐2 activation as well as inhibits cell death, both through negative regulation of SERPINB1.SignificanceThis study revealed that piR‐39980 functions as an oncogene in human osteosarcoma, which could be harnessed as a potential therapeutic target for this malignancy.
Plant response to habitat amount and configuration in Swedish forests
Authors: Lehtilä Kari , Vinter Tiina , Dinnetz Patrik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThere is an intense debate about whether habitat fragmentation has a negative or positive effect on biodiversity. We examined whether species richness and incidence of forest plants were negatively or positively associated with fragmented forest configuration. We also analysed whether the results support the fragmentation threshold hypothesis with fragmentation effects only in landscapes with small habitat amount.LocationSödermanland province, south‐eastern Sweden (8,388 km2).MethodsData consisted of plant distribution maps and landscape data on forest amount and configuration in 2.5 km × 2.5 km quadrats. We carried out models including forest area together with clumpiness index (CL models) or edge density (ED models) as the measure of habitat configuration. We focused on plant taxa with positive association between incidence and forest area (163 taxa in CL models; 119 taxa in ED models).ResultsResponses to fragmented configuration were negative more often than by random (33 and 22 taxa in CL and ED models, respectively; includes only models without significant forest area × configuration interaction), whereas positive responses were rare (four taxa in both models). When forest area × configuration interaction was significant, the most common response had a negative effect of fragmented configuration when forest area was low and no effect of configuration when forest area was high, which agrees with the fragmentation threshold hypothesis. Species richness also had this type of response. In another common interactive response, the effect of fragmented configuration was negative at low forest area and positive at high forest area.Main conclusionsResponses to fragmented forest configuration, when significant, were usually negative. When responses to fragmented configuration were modulated by forest area, they were negative when forest area was low. The findings of complex interaction between forest area and configuration have implications for selection of appropriate patch sizes in sustainable forest management.
Smartphone interfaced handheld echocardiography for focused assessment of ventricular function and structure in children: A pilot study
Authors: Acheampong Benjamin , Parra David A. , Aliyu Muktar H. , Moon Troy D. , Soslow Jonathan H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionMiniaturized echocardiographic machines improve availability and portability and can be particularly useful for underserved and resource‐limited settings. The goal of this study was to compare left ventricular fractional shortening (FS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) obtained by a newer handheld echo (HHE) machine to standard transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) in children.MethodsPediatric outpatients (Birth−18 years) undergoing TTE were prospectively enrolled. HHE protocol included 2D and M‐mode images from the parasternal long, short, and apical‐4 chamber views. HHE and TTE measurements were reviewed for agreement. Kappa statistic was used to analyze qualitative indices while FS and LVEF were analyzed with Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman limits of agreement (loa).ResultsSixty children were enrolled; 55 were included in the quantitative analysis. Mean age was 7.5 ± 5.5 years; 67% males; median HHE image acquisition duration was 2.3(1‐5) minutes. Fractional shortening and EF by HHE showed good agreement with TTE [CCC = 0.82, 95%CI (0.73,0.90), mean bias −3.18%, loa (−7.00,6.44%) vs CCC = 0.81 (0.72,0.90), mean bias −0.87%, loa (−6.94,5.17%], respectively. In children ≤5 years, HHE FS (n = 20) and EF (n = 21) agreed with TTE measurement [0.59 (0.31, 0.88), mean bias 0.30%, loa (−8.5, 9.1%); 0.79 (0.63, 0.96), mean bias 0.10%, loa (−5.99, 6.14)]. Kappa values for RV size, function, and LV function were 1.00 (P < .05); 0.75 for LV size (P < .05) and 0.66 for pericardial effusion (P < .05).ConclusionHandheld echo demonstrates good correlation with standard TTE for focused assessment of ventricular chamber sizes and function in children.
Prenatal diagnosis of Marfan syndrome by fetal echocardiography: A case report and review of cardiovascular manifestations
Authors: Wang Xin , Sun Lin , Liu Xiao‐Wei , Shang Jian‐Feng , He Yi‐Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeonatal Marfan syndrome (nMFS), phenotypically and genotypically distinct from the classical syndrome, is rarely diagnosed prenatally, and the cardiovascular prognosis is poor. This case report described one fetus diagnosed with nMFS by fetal echocardiography. The main features were cardiomegaly, and atrioventricular valves prolapse with moderate regurgitation and dilated great vessels. Extracardiac malformations included right diaphragmatic eventration, bilateral pyelectasis, and lengthy femur. Pathological examination confirmed the findings of fetal echo, and all cardiac valves were dysplastic. Sanger sequencing revealed a deletion mutation affecting exon 30 of the fibrillin 1 (FBN1) gene. Echocardiography is essential for prenatal diagnosis, and multivalve dysplasia is common among those patients.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Aziz Muhammad , McClune Brian , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Qazilbash Muzaffar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveAscertain the benefit of prophylactic antibiotics for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM), given that clinical trials evaluating this have had conflicting results.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with MM and its impact on infection risk and mortality.ResultsAcross three included studies, a total of 664 patients received antibiotics and 650 patients received no antibiotics. The overall incidence of infection within 3 months was lower for antibiotic group compared to placebo (18.4% vs 23.4%, RR: 0.79, 95% CI 0.62‐1.00, P = .05, I2 = 6.5%). There was no difference in mortality in the first 3 months (1.5% vs 3.5%, RR: 0.47, 95% CI 0.17‐1.27, P = .60, I2 = 28.1%).ConclusionAntibiotic prophylaxis for a finite duration can decrease the overall incidence of infection within the first 3 months following diagnosis. This does not lead to a decrease in mortality. Further data on antibiotic resistance patterns, toxicity, healthcare expenditures, and the impact of antibiotics on subsequent therapies can assist providers in helping make decisions on prophylactic antibiotics with their patients.