bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of streptomycin resistant Salmonella from humans and animals in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mengistu Getachew , Dejenu Getiye , Tesema Cheru , Arega Balew , Awoke Tadesse , Alemu Kassahun , Moges Feleke 
Published: December 2020

Background
Streptomycin is used as an epidemiological marker in monitoring programs for antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella serovars and indicates the presence of pentaresistance. However, comprehensive data on streptomycin resistant Salmonella among human, animal, and animal products is lacking in Ethiopia. In this review, we aimed to assess heterogeneity and pooled proportion of Salmonella serovars to streptomycin resistance among human, animal and animal products in Ethiopia.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature from Ethiopia. We used the MEDLINE/ PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases to identify genetic and phenotypic data on Salmonella isolates. To determine the heterogeneity and pooled proportion, we used metaprop commands and the random-effects model. Relative and cumulative frequencies were calculated to describe the overall preponderance of streptomycin resistance isolates after arcsine-transformed data. Metan funnel and meta-bias using a begg test were performed to check for publication bias.

Results
Overall, we included 1475 Salmonella serovars in this meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of streptomycin resistance was 47% (95% CI: 35–60%). Sub-group analysis by target population showed that the proportion of streptomycin resistance in Salmonella serovars was 54% (95% CI: 35–73%) in animal, 44% (95% Cl: 33–59%) in humans and 39% (95% CI: 24–55%) in animals products. The streptomycin resistant Salmonella serovars were statistically increasing from 0.35(95% CI: 0.12–0.58) in 2003 to 0.77(95% CI: 0.64–0.89) in 2018. The level of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serovars was 50.1% in the meta-analysis.

Conclusion
We found a high level of streptomycin resistance, including multidrug, Salmonella serovars among human, animals, and animal products. This resistance was significantly increasing in the last three decades (1985–2018). The resistance to streptomycin among Salmonella serovars isolated from animals was higher than humans. This mandates the continuous monitoring of streptomycin use and practicing one health approach to preventing further development of resistance in Ethiopia.

Registration
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis after registration of the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD42019135116) following the MOOSE (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology).
Midwives’ and obstetricians’ perspectives about pregnancy related weight management in Ethiopia: A qualitative study
Authors: Asefa Fekede , Cummins Allison , Dessie Yadeta , Foureu Maralyn , Hayen Andrew 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMidwives and obstetricians are key maternity care providers; they are the most trusted source of information regarding nutrition and gestational weight gain. However, their views, practices and perceived barriers to managing pregnancy related weight gain have not been studied in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to explore midwives’ and obstetricians’ observations and perspectives about gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted face-to-face interviews with 11 midwives and 10 obstetricians, from January 2019 to March 2019. All interview data were transcribed verbatim. We analysed the data using thematic analysis with an inductive approach.ResultsWe identified three themes and associated subthemes. Midwives and obstetricians had limited knowledge of the optimal gestational weight gain. Almost all participants were unaware of the presence of the Institute of Medicine recommendations for optimal weight gain in pregnancy. According to the study participants, women in Ethiopia do not want to gain weight during pregnancy, but do want to gain weight after the birth. Counselling about gestational weight gain and postpartum weight management was not routinely provided for pregnant women. This is mostly because gestational weight gain counselling was not considered to be a priority by maternity care providers in Ethiopia.ConclusionsThe limited knowledge of and low attention to pregnancy related weight management by midwives and obstetricians in this setting needs appropriate intervention. Adapting a guideline for pregnancy weight management and integrating it into antenatal care is essential.
Evidence-Based Strength and Conditioning Plan for Freestyle Snowboarding Athletes
Authors: Dann Rick A. , Kelly Vincent 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Competitive snowboarding (SB) has rapidly grown in popularity since its introduction into the Olympics in 1998. This growth has seen a significant increase in trick difficulty and the associated physical demands required for success. Despite the increase in physical requirements, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations that incorporate strength and conditioning or injury prevention programs. This article draws on current research that details the physical demands of SB and integrates relevant strength and conditioning principles to create an evidence-based training plan. This plan highlights the essential physical attributes for snowboard athletes that are important for successful performance and mitigating injury risk.
Основні аспекти процесів теплоакумулювання
Authors: Демченко Володимир Георгійович , Коник Аліна Василівна 
Published: December 2020

Системи та обладнання для зберігання теплової енергії є ключовими елементами при розгортанні відновлюваної теплової енергетики, актуальність якої на даному етапі розвитку набуває масштабного значення. Представлена стаття охоплює короткий аналіз сучасного стану основних технологій інтенсифікації процесів збереження теплоти, аналіз основних технологічних, технічних аспектів, що виникають при розробці теплових акумуляторів та за реальних умов їх експлуатації. Зокрема, обґрунтовано доцільність застосування теплового акумулювання, проаналізовано шляхи підвищення ефективності економії енергії, визначено основні аспекти процесів акумуляції теплоти.
При обґрунтуванні доцільності застосування теплового акумулювання проаналізовано співвідношення поверхні та об’єму теплового акумулятора, що тісно пов'язані з розмірами складових елементів та продуктивністю системи зберігання теплоти. Це співвідношення теоретично вказує, як можливо підвищити коефіцієнт корисної дії та продуктивність систем зберігання теплової енергії. Доведено підвищення ефективності та економії енергії при врахуванні сезонних факторів та пікових навантажень. Розглянуто основні аспекти технологічної інтенсифікації процесів акумуляції теплоти, які полягають у подоланні теплової стратифікації рідинних теплових акумуляторів, обґрунтуванні модульного дизайну конструкції, посиленні передачі теплоти та маси, а також в зміні властивостей матеріалу при фазовому переході.
Розглянуті аспекти при їх реалізації дозволяють оптимізувати роботу генеруючого обладнання з максимально можливим ККД системи теплопостачання, шляхом вирівнювання графіку навантаження у співвідношенні «генерація - споживання», а також розвантажити технологічне обладнання, знизити споживання паливно-енергетичних ресурсів. Як наслідок, знижується собівартість отриманої енергії та зменшуються шкідливі викиди в оточуюче середовище.
Atividade Física, Pressão Arterial e Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca em Crianças e Adolescentes
Authors: Casonatto Juliano , Miyazawa Elisângela , Zago Daniele , Christofaro Diego , Grandolfi Kamila 
Published: December 2020

A atuação do sistema nervoso autonômico está diretamente associada à condição fisiológica geral, sendo utilizada inclusive como demarcador de condição clínica, bem como indicador de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. No entanto, os estudos dessas relações têm sido conduzidos prioritariamente em população adulta. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre prática habitual de atividade física, pressão arterial (PA) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em crianças e adolescentes em Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Estudo apresenta delineamento transversal, de modo que a amostra foi composta por 42 alunos da rede estadual de ensino, de ambos os sexos com idade entre 10 e 17 anos. Avaliou-se a massa corporal e estatura. Foram coletados ainda valores de PA sistólica e diastólica, VFC e a prática habitual de atividades físicas (PHAF) em diferentes domínios (geral, tempo livre, lazer e escola). O teste qui-quadrado foi empregado para avaliar as associações. Não foram identificadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre as variáveis cardiovasculares e a PHAF. A prática geral de atividades físicas habituais, bem como seus diferentes domínios, sejam eles no lazer, escola e tempo livre, não se associaram à valores aumentados de pressão arterial, bem como com os indicadores do comportamento autonômico de crianças e adolescentes.

Palavras-chave: Atividade Física. Pressão Arterial. Sistema Neural. Criança e Adolescente.

Abstract
The role of the autonomic nervous system is directly related to the general physiological condition, including being used as a clinical condition path as well as a risk indicator for cardiovascular diseases. However, studies of these relationships have been conducted primarily in the adult population. Thus, the study aimed to analyze the association among habitual practice of physical activity, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in children and adolescents from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The study presents a cross-sectional design so that the sample consisted of 42 students from the state school system, of both sexes, aged between 10 and 17 years. Body mass and height were evaluated. Systolic and diastolic BP values, HRV, and habitual physical activity (HPA) were also collected in different domains (general, free time, leisure, and school). The chi-square test was used to assess associations. No statistically significant associations were identified between cardiovascular variables and HPA. The general practice of habitual physical activities, as well as their different domains, either leisure, school, or free time, were not associated with increased blood pressure values, as well as with the indicators of the autonomic nervous system in children and adolescents.

Keywords: Physical Activity. Blood Pressure. Neural System. Children and Adolescents.
Saberes Populares Sobre a Utilização de Recursos Naturais para Tratamento de Doenças na Infância em Barbalha, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Beltrão Izabel Cristina Santiago Lemos de , Silva Luanna Gomes da , Santiago Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos , Barbosa Roseli , Kerntopf Marta Regina , Fernandes George Pimentel 
Published: December 2020

O uso de recursos naturais para tratar enfermidades infantis tem grande predominância. Assim, este estudo objetiva investigar os saberes de uma comunidade tradicional da zona rural do município de Barbalha, Nordeste do Brasil, sobre a utilização de recursos naturais para o tratamento de doenças prevalentes na infância. A pesquisa descritiva foi realizada com 54 participantes. Os dados foram coletados por questionário e entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Uma parcela significativa dos entrevistados (50,0%) relatou utilizar frequentemente plantas e/ ou partes de animais para tratar e prevenir doenças (p<0,05). Ao comparar o conhecimento de homens e mulheres referente ao uso de recursos naturais, houve diferença estatística em relação ao número de espécies citadas por homens e por mulheres para as doenças diarreicas na infância (p<0,05). Comparado o conhecimento dos informantes mais velhos e mais jovens, houve associação significativa entre a idade e o número de espécies citadas quando considerada as infecções respiratórias agudas (p<0,05). Os relatos evidenciaram o uso de recursos naturais para tratar doenças na infância, incluindo homens e mulheres de diferentes grupos etários, o que reflete a perpetuação dessa prática. Os aspectos e práticas do saber popular podem ser um importante aliado na busca pela assistência integral à saúde da criança.

Palavras-chave: Medicina Tradicional. Plantas Medicinais. Saúde da Criança.

Abstract
The use of natural resources to treat childhood illnesses is prevalent. Thus, this study aims to investigate the knowledge about the use of natural resources for the treatment of childhood prevalent diseases in a traditional rural community in the city of Barbalha, northeastern Brazil. Descriptive research was carried out with 54 participants. Data were collected by questionnaire and semi-structured interview and analyzed using descriptive statistics. A significant number of respondents (50.0%) reported frequently using plants and/or animal parts to treat and prevent disease (p<0.05). When comparing the knowledge of men and women, there was a statistical difference regarding the number of species cited by men and women for childhood diarrheal diseases (p<0.05). Comparing the knowledge of older and younger informants, there was a significant association between age and number of species cited when considering acute respiratory infections (p<0.05). Reports highlighted the use of natural resources to treat childhood illnesses, including men and women of different age groups, reflecting the perpetuation of this practice. The aspects and practices of popular knowledge can be an important ally in the search for comprehensive child’s health care.

Keywords: Traditional Medicine. Medicinal Plants. Child’s health.
A study to assess the correlation between HbA1c and microalbuminuria among diabetics
Authors: Kare Sruthi , N. Reddy Vishwanath , Mahamkali Thejdeep 
Published: December 2020

Background: India is one of the epicentres of the global diabetes mellitus pandemic. Rapid socioeconomic development and demographic changes, along with increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India over the past four decades. Diabetic Nephropathy is a common consequence of long-standing diabetes mellitus. The development of diabetic nephropathy has a dramatic increase on the morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on T 2 diabetes mellitus patients visiting medicine OPD of R L Jalappa hospital constituent hospital of Sri Deveraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar from May 2016 to July 2016. A total of 60 type-2 diabetes patients were enrolled in the study.Results: Average duration of diabetes among study group was 8 years and most of the patients were between 6-10 years. In type 2DM patients, microalbuminuria and glycemic control have shown a significant linear correlation with duration of diabetes (p<0.05). Also, micro albuminuria has a significant correlation with increase in level of glycosylated haemoglobin. Conclusions: The prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients was found to be high and being a developing country; there is a dire need that microalbuminuria and HbA1c testing should be done in both, newly diagnosed as well as already diagnosed type 2DM patients as an early marker of renal risk factor.
Significance of KDM6A Mutation&nbsp;in Bladder Cancer Immune Escape
Authors: Chen Xingxing , Zhang Zhengrong , Pang Guofu , Lin Xuehua , Xie Qun , Deng Jian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer (BC)is the fourth most prevalent neoplasm in menand is associated with high tumour recurrence rates, leading to major treatment challenges. Lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) is frequently mutated in several cancer types; however, its effects on tumour progression and clinical outcome in BCremain unclear. Here, we explored the potential role of KDM6A in regulating the antitumor immune response. Methods: We mined The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases for somatic mutation and clinical data in patients with BC.Results: We found frequent mutations in 12 genes in both cohorts, including TP53, KDM6A, CSMD3, MUC16, STAG2, PIK3CA, ARID1A, RB1, EP300, ERBB2, ERBB3, and FGFR3. The frequency of KDM6A mutationsin the TCGA and ICGC datasets was 25.97% and 24.27%, respectively. In addition, KDM6A mutation was associated with a lower number oftumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and indicated a state ofimmunetolerance. KDM6A mutation was associated with lower KDM6A expression level compared with that in samples carrying the wild-type gene. Further, survival analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with low KDM6Aexpression was worse than that withhigh KDM6A expression. Using the CIBERSORT algorithm, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource site, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we found that KDM6A mutation downregulated nine signalling pathways that participate in the immune system and attenuated the tumour immune response. Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that KDM6A mutation is frequent in BC and promotes tumour immune escape, which may serve as a novel biomarker to predict the immune response.
A uterus-inspired 3D niche drives embryo development beyond implantation
Authors: Gu Zhen , Guo Jia , Zhai Jinglei , Feng Guihai , Wang Xianning , Gao Zili , Jiang Liyuan , Wen Yongqiang , Wang Liu , Wei Li , Wang Shutao , Wang Hongmei , Gu Qi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The mammalian embryo must undergo dramatic morphogenetic changes to invade the uterine endometrium and achieve implantation. Thus, recapitulation of implantation using in vitro systems is crucial for revealing the mechanisms controlling early development and the main problems compromising human fertility. Experimental systems based on two-dimensional (2D) platforms cannot fully recapitulate the in vivo 3D microenvironments of the embryo. Therefore, here we use collagen grafted onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based on the uterine mechanics and microstructure to establish a uterus-inspired 3D niche (U3N). Our U3N enables mouse embryos to form egg cylinders at high rate and reach the developmental stages of heartbeat. Moreover, a unique interface forms between the embryo and collagen, showing the invasion of trophoblasts into collagen fires, which simulate the developmental process of implantation. Our findings highlight embryo-substrate interaction as a key characteristic of post-implantation development in vitro and as an important design parameter of 3D conditions for embryo culture.
The Association of N-Glycan and Alpha Fetal Protein in Hepatitis B Associated Hepatic Disease
Authors: Guo Li , Wan Lijun , Hu Youwen , He Bo , Zhang Moran , Xu Kedong , Zheng Fengfei , De Gejirifu , Wu Zhengqiang , Hu Chungen , Yuan Cheng , Huang Zixiang , Liu Ting , Chen Shanwen Shanwen , Wen Zhili 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: Chronic hepatic disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious threat to health in worldwide. There is evidence that the change of N-glycan is involved in the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatitis B. The level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is elevated in many patients with hepatitis B infection. AFP is not only a fetal carrier protein and tumor marker, but also participates in the regulation of a variety of important cellular functions, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune regulation. However, the mechanism between AFP and N-glycan is not clear. The study investigated the association of N-glycan and AFP in Hepatitis B associated hepatic disease.Patients and Methods: Sixty patients with Hepatitis B associated hepatic diseases and twenty healthy individuals were selected in this study. Serum AFP, N-glycan, hematological parameters, and clinical data were assessed in this cohort. The Spearman rank method was used to evaluate the associations among them. The study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional study. Results：Serum levels of N-glycan and AFP were signiﬁcantly higher in Patients with hepatic disease compared with the controls; levels of both were elevated with development of the disease. In patients with hepatic disease, N-glycan was positively correlated with AFP, Age, AST, GGT, PT, CA125, while negatively correlated with ALB, CHE, RBC (P < 0.05 for all). AFP was positively correlated with HBV DNA, TBIL, DBIL, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT (P < 0.05 for all), while negatively correlated with ALB and CHE in hepatic disease patients (P < 0.05 for both). In addition, there was a trend of increasing N-glycan with elevated AFP level in the combined hepatic disease group. In LC, the level of N-glycan in the decompensatory was signiﬁcant higher than in the control (P = 0.007), and AFP level in the compensatory increased than the controls (P = 0.003). In HCC, levels of both N-glycan and AFP in the compensatory and decompensatory groups elevated than those in the control (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004 for N-glycan and P < 0.001 for both in AFP, respectively).Conclusion: Our data suggest that high AFP levels in Hepatitis B related hepatic disease are closely related to the development of liver disease through interaction with N-glycan.
Differentiation and Maturation Effect of All-trans Retinoic Acid on Cultured Fetal RPE and Stem Cell-Derived RPE Cells for Cell-Based Therapy
Authors: Yan Tingyu , Yang Na , Hu Wei , Zhang Xinxin , Li Xuedong , Wang Youjin , Kong Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Phase I/II clinical trials using fetal retinal pigment epithelium (fRPE), human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived RPE, or human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived RPE as potential sources of materials for cell-based therapy to treat degenerative retinal diseases have been carried out during the past decade. Challenges for successful translational cell-based therapy include cell manufacture, cell quality, cell storage, and cell behavior in vivo. In this study, we investigated the culture-induced changes in passaged fetal RPE, hESC-RPE and hiPSC-RPE cells in vitro and explored the differentiation and maturation effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on those RPE cells. Methods: A total of 9 fetal RPE cell lines, hESC-RPE and hiPSC-RPE cell lines were set up using previously described methods. The culture-induced changes in subsequent passages caused by manipulating plating density, dissociation method and repeated passaging were studied by microscope, real-time quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescent assays. Gene and protein expression and functional characteristics of fRPE, hESC-RPE and hiPSC-RPE incubated with ATRA at different concentration were also evaluated.Results: Compared with fRPE, hESC-RPE and hiPSC-RPE showed decreased gene and protein expression of RPE markers. P3 RPE of all three types seeded at a density of 6×105 and 9x105 cells/mL in basal medium maintained pigmented polygonal, cobblestone-like morphology. RPE cells underwent mesenchymal changes showing increased expression of mesenchymal markers including a-SMA, N-cadherin, fibronectin and decreased expression of RPE markers including RPE65, E-cadherin and ZO-1, as a subsequence of low plating density, inappropriate dissociated method, and repeated passaging. fRPE, hESC-RPE and iPSC-RPE treated by ATRA at different concentrations showed increased expression of RPE markers such as RPE65, bestrophin (BEST) and CRALBP, and increased expression of negative complement regulatory proteins (CRP) including complement factor H (CFH), CD46, CD55 and CD59, and increased transepithelial resistance (TER) as well.Conclusion: Although hESC and hiPSC-derived RPE are morphologically similar to fRPE, and also have the tendency to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) changes during the culturing and passaging process in vitro, differences in protein and gene expression among three RPE types exist. Moreover, ATRA can increase RPE markers expression, as well as to increase the expression levels of CRPs gene and protein in fRPE and stem cell-derived RPE.