bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased temperature has no consequence for behavioral manipulation despite effects on both partners in the interaction between a crustacean host and a manipulative parasite
Authors: Labaude Sophie , Cézilly Frank , De Marco Lila , Rigaud Thierry 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParasites alter many traits of their hosts. In particular, parasites known as “manipulative” may increase their probability of transmission by inducing phenotypic alterations in their intermediate hosts. Although parasitic-induced alterations can modify species’ ecological roles, the proximate factors modulating this phenomenon remain poorly known. As temperature is known to affect host–parasite associations, understanding its precise impact has become a major challenge in a context of global warming. Gammarids are ecologically important freshwater crustaceans and serve as intermediate hosts for several acanthocephalan species. These parasites induce multiple effects on gammarids, including alterations of their behavior, ultimately leading to modifications in their functional role. Here, experimental infections were used to assess the effect of two temperatures on several traits of the association between Gammarus pulex and its acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. Elevated temperature affected hosts and parasites in multiple ways (decreased host survival, increased gammarids activity, faster parasites development and proboscis eversion). However, behavioral manipulation was unaffected by temperature. These results suggest that predicted change in temperature may have little consequences on the trophic transmission of parasites through changes in manipulation, although it may modify it through increased infection success and faster parasites development.
Extreme ultraviolet microscope characterization using photomask surface roughness
Authors: Gunjala Gautam , Wojdyla Antoine , Sherwin Stuart , Shanker Aamod , Benk Markus P. , Goldberg Kenneth A. , Naulleau Patrick P. , Waller Laura 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a method for characterizing the field-dependent aberrations of a full-field synchrotron-based extreme ultraviolet microscope. The statistical uniformity of the inherent, atomic-scale roughness of readily-available photomask blanks enables a self-calibrating computational procedure using images acquired under standard operation. We characterize the aberrations across a 30-um field-of-view, demonstrating a minimum aberration magnitude of smaller than $$\lambda /21 \, {\hbox {rms}}$$λ/21rms averaged over the center 5-um area, with a measurement accuracy better than $$\lambda /180 \, {\hbox {rms}}$$λ/180rms. The measured field variation of aberrations is consistent with system geometry and agrees with prior characterizations of the same system. In certain cases, it may be possible to additionally recover the illumination wavefront from the same images. Our method is general and is easily applied to coherent imaging systems with steerable illumination without requiring invasive hardware or custom test objects; hence, it provides substantial benefits when characterizing microscopes and high-resolution imaging systems in situ.
Microdiamond in a low-grade metapelite from a Cretaceous subduction complex, western Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Nishiyama Tadao , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Fukuba Kousuke , Terauchi Masami , Nishi Ukyo , Harada Kazuki , Unoki Kouhei , Moribe Yousuke , Yoshiasa Akira , Ishimaru Satoko , Mori Yasushi , Shigeno Miki , Arai Shoji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMicrodiamonds in metamorphic rocks are a signature of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism that occurs mostly at continental collision zones. Most UHP minerals, except coesite and microdiamond, have been partially or completely retrogressed during exhumation; therefore, the discovery of coesite and microdiamond is crucial to identify UHP metamorphism and to understand the tectonic history of metamorphic rocks. Microdiamonds typically occur as inclusions in minerals such as garnet. Here we report the discovery of microdiamond aggregates in the matrix of a metapelite from the Nishisonogi unit, Nagasaki Metamorphic Complex, western Kyushu, Japan. The Nishisonogi unit represents a Cretaceous subduction complex which has been considered as an epidote–blueschist subfacies metamorphic unit, and the metapelite is a member of a serpentinite mélange in the Nishisonogi unit. The temperature condition for the Nishisonogi unit is 450 °C, based on the Raman micro-spectroscopy of graphite. The coexistence of microdiamond and Mg-carbonates suggests the precipitation of microdiamond from C–O–H fluid under pressures higher than 2.8 GPa. This is the first report of metamorphic microdiamond from Japan, which reveals the hidden UHP history of the Nishisonogi unit. The tectonic evolution of Kyushu in the Japanese Archipelago should be reconsidered based on this finding.
Antithrombotische Therapie bei Lungenembolie
Authors: Ebner Matthias , Lankeit Mareike 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present article addresses clinical challenges associated with the choice of the anticoagulant agent, the definition of the duration of anticoagulant treatment and the assessment of the risk-to-benefit ratio of prolonged anticoagulation for patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).Anticoagulation is performed with unfractionated heparin (UFH) in hemodynamically unstable patients and with low molecular weight heparins (LWMH) or fondaparinux in normotensive patients. In patients with high or intermediate clinical probability of pulmonary embolism, anticoagulation should be initiated without delay while awaiting the results of diagnostic tests. LMWH and fondaparinux are preferred over UFH in the initial anticoagulation of PE since they are associated with a lower risk of bleeding.All patients with PE require therapeutic anticoagulation for at least three months. The current 2019 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend that all eligible patients should be treated with a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) in preference to a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). In patients with active cancer, Apixaban, Edoxaban and Rivaroxaban are effective alternatives to treatment with LMWH.The decision on the duration of anticoagulation should consider both, the individual risk of PE recurrence and the individual risk of bleeding. The risk for recurrent PE after discontinuation of treatment is related to the features of the index PE event. While patients with a strong transient risk factor have a low risk of recurrence and anticoagulation can be discontinued after three months, patients with strong persistent risk factor (such as active cancer) have a high risk of recurrence and thus should receive anticoagulant treatment of indefinite duration. Given the favourable safety profile of NOACs (especially if a reduced dosage of Apixaban or Rivaroxaban is initiated after at least six months of therapeutic anticoagulation), extended oral anticoagulation of indefinite duration should be considered for all patients with intermediate risk of recurrence.
Innovative Teamarbeit? Mobilisierungsroboter assistiert
Physiotherapeutinnen in der stationären Versorgung eines
Universitätsklinikums
Authors: Schiller Jörg , Egen Christoph , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Presuhn Bettina , Seliger Birgit , Grisat Annegret , Sturm Christian 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Robotik beeinflusst zunehmend das Gesundheitssystem und so auch die
Rehabilitationsmedizin. In der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover wurde ein
innovatives System zur Mobilisierung der unteren Extremitäten von
Patient/innen verschiedener Fachgebiete für 3 Monate
getestet. Retrospektiv wurde ein speziell entwickelter Dokumentationsbogen
ausgewertet, den die Therapeutinnen nach der jeweiligen Behandlung
ausfüllten. Das Fazit aus der Testphase lautet, dass
ROBERT® kein Ersatz therapeutischer
Mitarbeiter/innen, sondern bei bestimmten Patient/innen eine
sinnvolle und entlastende Unterstützung der Behandlung am Patienten
darstellt. Er kann als Add-on-Therapie, unter der Voraussetzung vorhandener
personeller Kapazitäten, oder als Ersatz für
„Hands-On“-Therapie bei weniger komplexen Fällen gut
eingesetzt werden.
Das Hochrisiko-nicht-muskelinvasive-Harnblasenkarzinom (HR-NMIBC) in Zeiten des BCG-Mangels: was für Optionen haben wir?
Authors: Burger Maximilian 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Hochrisiko-NMIBC ist eine Herausforderung, da es zwar noch nicht muskelinvasiv ist, aber eine hohe Progressionsneigung aufweist. Eine Erfassung der Prognosegruppe ist wichtig und über Nomogramme empfohlen. Neben einer gründlichen transurethralen Resektion empfiehlt sich eine adjuvante Therapie mit BCG, was momentan teils aber nur eingeschränkt verfügbar ist. Daneben ist eine hypertherme Chemotherapie untersucht, deren Datenbasis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt aber keine breite Anwendung rechtfertigt. Neue Ansätze wie die Checkpoint-Blockade-Inhibition werden untersucht, bieten aber keine Möglichkeit zur breiten praktischen Anwendung bei uns. Eine radikale Zystektomie ist daher in Anbetracht der hohen Progressionsneigung bei ungünstiger Tumorkonstellation immer zu indizieren.
Cancer Treatment: An Epigenetic View
Authors: Aydin Cansu , Kalkan Rasime 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCancer can be identified as an uncontrolled growth and reproduction of cell. Accumulation of genetic aberrations (mutations of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes and epigenetic modifications) is one of the characteristics of cancer cell. Increasing number of studies highlighted importance of the epigenetic alterations in cancer treatment and prognosis. Now, cancer epigenetics have a huge importance for developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic target for cancer. In this review, we will provide a summary of the major epigenetic changes involved in cancer and preclinical results of epigenetic therapeutics.
Apixaban for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Why are Event Rates Higher in Clinical Practice than in Randomized Trials?—A Systematic Review
Authors: de Vries Tim A. C. , Hirsh Jack , Xu Ke , Mallick Imaad , Bhagirath Vinai C. , Eikelboom John W. , Ginsberg Jeffrey S. , Kruger Paul C. , Chan Noel C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground Recent reports suggest an important contribution from frequent off-label use of apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily to the higher rates of thromboembolic events observed in observational studies (OSs) relative to in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and consequently, advocate against such use in all patients.Objectives To examine factors contributing to the higher thromboembolic event rates, we estimated the prevalence of off-label use in contemporary practice, and compared patient characteristics and rates of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, and mortality by apixaban dose and by study design in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Results and Discussion We identified 18 OSs and 2 RCTs that included 155,228 and 11,928 patients, respectively. Patients in OSs more often received apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily (31.3% vs. 5.1%), were older (mean age 73.8 vs. 69.8 years), and had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (mean 3.6 vs. 2.9) versus those in RCTs. We observed a consistent pattern of higher rates of thromboembolic events, bleeding, and mortality in patients treated with 2.5 versus 5 mg twice daily apixaban in both OSs and RCTs.Conclusion The higher risk profiles of patients in OSs versus RCTs, and higher rates of both bleeding and mortality not attributable to thromboembolism in patients treated with apixaban 2.5 versus 5 mg twice daily suggest that differences in patient characteristics are additional important contributors to the higher than expected thromboembolic event rates in clinical practice.
A Newborn with Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease Improving after Administration of Enzyme Replacement Therapy: Case Report
Authors: Bor Meltem , Ilhan Ozkan , Gumus Evren , Ozkan Solmaz , Karaca Meryem 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of acid α-1,4-glucosidase enzyme (GAA). PD has two forms, namely the infantile-onset and the late-onset form. In untreated cases, infantile-onset form usually leads to cardio-respiratory failure and death in the first year of life. Herein, we report a newborn with infantile-onset PD characterized by muscular hypotonia, respiratory distress, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatomegaly, elevated serum enzyme levels of aspartate aminotransferase of 117 IU/L (three times the normal value), alanine aminotransferase of 66 IU/L (1.8 times the normal value), lactate dehydrogenase of 558 IU/L (1.2 times the normal value), and creatine kinase >5,000 IU/L (16 times the normal value). Dried blood spot testing was performed and revealed decreased GAA enzymatic activity (0.07 nmol/mL/h, normal 0.93–7.33 nmol/mL/h). GAA gene analysis performed for confirming the diagnosis showed homozygous mutation c.896T >C (p.Leu299Pro). Initiation of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) (ERT; 20 mg/kg, once every week) at 28 days of age resulted in weaning off from respiratory support within 1 week after treatment, normalization of cardiac abnormalities, and normal neuromotor development in the 16th month of age. Early diagnosis and early treatment with ERT, especially in the neonatal period, is of great importance to improve cardiac function and motor development in infantile-onset PD.
Shop till you drop? Venue choices of business and non-business interests in the European Union
Authors: Pakull Dominic , Marshall David , Bernhagen Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe EU offers a variety of access points through which interest groups can attempt to influence policy-making. In this paper, we analyze differences in the use of these access points, or venues, by interest groups. Considering the roles played by different EU institutions along the policy cycle, we argue that the venues differ by the extent to which they encourage lobbying from different interest groups. Analyzing survey responses by more than 700 European interest associations, we find that the distribution of access-seeking by business and non-business actors differs across venues. Reflecting its pivotal role at the pre-proposal stage, the Commission encourages non-business organizations to spend much of their finite lobbying resources. In the context of the European Parliament, non-business groups are not only interested in influencing its decisions, but also in connecting to ordinary Members of the European Parliament. Business groups, for their part, apply greater resources to the rapporteurs. Finally, we show that business groups also allocate their resources to regulatory agencies at the implementation stage in the policy process, where incomplete legislative contracts are finalized and non-business groups’ resources are depleted.
Argumentation in Nigerian investigative public hearings
Authors: Olayinka Unuabonah Foluke 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper examines defendants’ argumentative discourse in the 2008 Nigerian investigative public hearings on the
Federal Capital Territory administration. The data, which consist of nine defendants’ presentations, are analyzed qualitatively,
using a combination of the pragma-dialectical and extended pragma-dialectical theories of argumentation. The findings show that
the hearing panel initially starts of as the institutional protagonist and defendants as the antagonists, and but later serve as
the institutional antagonist and protagonists, respectively. The defendants tend to use analogy and causal argumentation schemes
while employing subordinative and complementary coordinative argumentation structures. The defendants also employ different
strategic maneuvers at different argumentative stages of the critical discussion. Due to the politico-forensic communicative
domain and information-seeking genre of the investigative public hearing discourse, the concluding stage is suspended. Thus, the
study shows the influence of communicative activity type on the argumentative activities in a critical discussion.
Ideology in positivist research articles on issues of teaching English as a foreign language
Authors: Khadivar Ali , Samaie Mahmoud , Ahmadian Moussa 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The research articles(RAs) as the dominant genre of academic writing can be accounted as the sites of reproduction
of unequal power relations and dominance. Through critical discourse analysis of epistemological and ontological underpinnings and
subsequently methodological aims and values of positivist paradigm as social structures, this article aims to foreground power and
ideology stricken latent aspects of empiricist RAs. Research as a social practice mediates between the social structures and the
RAs as social events. Textual analysis of practical arguments presented mostly in the pedagogical implications part revealed that
the scientific world views manifest themselves as the premises of these arguments. The premises can provide reasons for actions
(Searle’s,2010, social ontology theory). The reasons can signify the empiricist
interests as the global concerns. They exclude the rival paradigms or ways of understanding the world. These world views maintain
the dominance of Western societies on global academic and social discourses.
Towards the Increase in Granularity for the Main Hadronic ATLAS Calorimeter: Exploiting Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Gaspar Philipp 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
During the second phase upgrade program developed for LHC and its experiments, the main hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS (TileCal) will replace completely its readout electronics, but the optical signal pathway and detector will be kept unchanged. During the R&D studies for the upgrade, initial analyses for improving the calorimeter granularity were made. A granularity improvement could be achieved through the introduction of Multi-Anode Photomultiplier Tubes (MA-PMTs) into the calorimeter readout chain, together with applications of image processing algorithms for identifying sub-regions on calorimeter cells. This paper presents the latest results from using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to generate synthetic images, which simulate real images formed in the MA-PMT. After the classification of cell sub-regions, preliminary results show a classification accuracy of more than 98% on the experimental test set.
Weak signal extraction using matrix decomposition, with application to ultra high energy neutrino detection
Authors: Prohira S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In radio-based physics experiments, sensitive analysis techniques are often required to extract signals at or below the level of noise. For a recent experiment at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory to test a radar-based detection scheme for high energy neutrino cascades, such a sensitive analysis was employed to dig down into a spurious background and extract a putative signal. In this technique, the backgrounds are decomposed into an orthonormal basis, into which individual data vectors (signal + background) can be expanded. This expansion is a filter that can extract signals with amplitudes ∼1 % of the background. This analysis technique is particularly useful for applications when the exact signal characteristics (spectral content, duration) are not known. In this proceeding we briefly present the results of this analysis in the context of test-beam experiment 576 (T576) at SLAC.
An analysis of need and design of m-learning using scientific approach on electricity material in senior high school to stimulate higher order thinking skills
Authors: Zulmaidah Z , Suyatna A , Rosidin U 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to create m-learning design can be used as learning supplement using scientific approach for stimulating students higher order thinking skill. This research used R and D method of ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implementation, Evaluation), in this article limited to the design stage. The sample of need analysis consists of 67 Senior High School student and 14 Physics teacher in Lampung. The data of m-learning need is collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. Test design is carried out by the expert of physics (teacher and lecturer of physics). The result of this experiment are (1) scientific approach is not totally applied in physics learning in class yet. (2) lack of supportable learning media straightaway with K-13. (3) Teacher and student need supportable media matched with K-13 that is m-learning. M-learning design which uses a scientific approach for Electricity lesson has some characteristics such as interactive, having educative content, interactive module, presentation material, having electricity animation and videos, experiment simulation, summary, hyperlink to another sources, task, quiz, and discussion forum. The learning steps consist of observing, asking, trying, associating, and communicating. Synchronous learning activities are carried out for discussion forums, asynchronous for the other of it.
Analysis of gravity anomaly for groundwater basin in Bandar Lampung city based on 2D gravity modeling
Authors: Zaenudin A , Risman R , Darmawan I G B , Yogi I B S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The research aims to delineate the groundwater basin in Bandar Lampung from gravity anomaly. Field data acquisition was carried out at 403 points with a spacing of 2-3 km, covering the Bandar Lampung and surrounding areas. Data processing through gravity data corrections, namely drift, tide, Free Air, Bouguer and Terrain using Geosoft Oasis Montaj 8.3. The Bouguer density used is 2.67 gr/cm3. For the anomaly separation, spectrum analysis and regional and residual anomaly separation were carried out, whereas 2D modeling was carried out by forward modeling. This basin boundary analysis is based on gravity residual anomaly patterns, gravity Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) analysis, and 2D gravity modeling. There are two low residual anomaly patterns (-22 to -5 mGal), where the boundaries of the basin can be clearly delineated from SVD analysis. This 2D model shows layers with a density of 2.3 gr/cm3 which are the Young Volcano Formation (Qhv) and the Lampung Formation (QTl) which have depths of up to 1.0-1.5 km. This Groundwater Basin correlates well with the hydrological pattern with a water discharge of 5 to 100 l/sec.
Analysis of mineral sediment characteristics of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park in the Karst Maros Region
Authors: Arsyad M , Ihsan N , Tiwow V A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Research has been carried out to describe the profile of the sediment layer and analyze the composition of sediment minerals in the former mine area of the Karst Maros area. Data is collected by measuring in the field in one of the former mining areas using a geoelectric tool. The measured data are current strength, voltage, and then an analysis is performed to obtain the value of resistance and resistance using the Wenner configuration. The results of the analysis were processed using Res2dinV software to obtain resistivity cross-sections in the measurement area. Processing results obtained by sedimentary profiles in the former mine area of the Maros Karst Area in the form of layers at resistivity values in the range of 0.17 Ωm to 7.80 Ωm and the corresponding types of material are groundwater, sand, clay, and limestone. The varying resistivity value is around a depth of up to 6 m. After this depth, the bedding will have almost the same material as hard limestone. While the mineral composition in the Karst Maros Region consists of chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite, cassiterite, hematite, and clay.