bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequality, Social Networks, and Internet Use: Exploring the Implications of the Social Diversification Hypothesis
Authors: Tsetsi Eric , Rains Stephen A. 
Published: July 2020

The social diversification hypothesis (SDH) suggests that in multicultural societies Internet use can help mitigate structural inequalities in access to social resources. Whereas traditionally disadvantaged groups are predicted to use the Internet to expand and diversify their social networks, advantaged groups use it to maintain existing connections. The present study investigates this central prediction of the SDH by examining the relationship between Internet and social network site (SNS) use and inequalities in network size and diversity based on race, sex, and education among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. The results largely contradict the SDH. Internet and SNS use were associated with greater networked-based inequalities stemming from education. The relationships between education and indicators of network size and diversity were stronger among Internet users than non-users and stronger among SNSs users than Internet-only users. Network inequalities directly related to race, sex, and education were also explored.
A comparative study of efficacy of resurfacing with fractional carbon dioxide laser versus derma roller in the treatment of post acne scars
Authors: Abel Francis , Herakal Kallappa , Shetty Nikhita 
Published: July 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease which can present as non-inflammatory lesions, inflammatory lesions, or a mixture of both, resulting in distressing and difficult to treat scars. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of fractional carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) laser technique (FCLT) versus derma roller therapy (DT) with respect to post-acne scars and to study their respective side effects.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 200 patients of post acne scars were enrolled for this study from the outpatient Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Navodaya Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Raichur. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 100 patients each in which one group was treated with derma roller therapy and the other group was treated with fractional CO<sub>2</sub> laser every 4 weeks over a period of 24 weeks each.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In the derma roller group, 89 patients completed the treatment with 11 drop out cases. The percentage reduction in the mean objective scores was found to be 37.63%. In the fractional CO<sub>2 </sub>laser group, 93 patients completed the treatment with 7 drop out cases. The percentage reduction in mean objective scores was found to be 41.22%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Comparing the efficacy of derma roller therapy and fractional CO<sub>2</sub>laser resurfacing method in the treatment of post acne scars, both the modalities were found to be equally efficacious.</p>
Exponentially Increasing Trend of Infected Patients with COVID-19 in Iran: A Comparison of Neural Network and ARIMA Forecasting Models
Authors: MOFTAKHAR Leila , SEIF Mozhgan , SAFE Marziyeh Sadat 
Published: July 2020

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 is rapidly spreading around the world and became a pandemic disease. For help to better planning of interventions, this study was conducted to forecast the number of daily new infected cases with COVID-19 for next thirty days in Iran.
Methods: The information of observed Iranian new cases from 19th Feb to 30th Mar 2020 was used to predict the number of patients until 29th Apr. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models were applied for prediction. The data was prepared from daily reports of Iran Ministry of Health and open datasets provided by the JOHN Hopkins. To compare models, dataset was separated into train and test sets. Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was the comparison criteria.
Results: Both algorithms forecasted an exponential increase in number of newly infected patients. If the spreading pattern continues the same as before, the number of daily new cases would be 7872 and 9558 by 29th Apr, respectively by ANN and ARIMA. While Model comparison confirmed that ARIMA prediction was more accurate than ANN.
Conclusion: COVID-19 is contagious disease, and has infected many people in Iran. Our results are an alarm for health policy planners and decision-makers, to make timely decisions, control the disease and provide the equipment needed.
Bilateral torque asymmetry analysis of lower limbs of active and insufficiently active older adults
Authors: Razuk Milena , Canuto Lorete Juliana , Araujo Vieira Leonardo , Madalena Rinaldi Natalia 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:Physical activity is an important tool for positively impacting physical, cognitive, and social aspects and is linked to the capacity to develop muscle strength and power. However, no studies have observed the effects of physical activity on the bilateral torque asymmetry at different movement velocities in older adults.
AIM:Investigate the effects of different angular velocities on bilateral torque asymmetry for hip, knee, and ankle joints in active and insufficiently active older adults.
METHOD:Forty-four older adults were distributed into two groups: active and insufficiently active. An isokinetic dynamometer was used. The tests consisted of maximal concentric contractions of hip, knee, and ankle flexors and extensors at velocities of 60º/s and 120º/s. The variables were asymmetry of peak torque and of mean power.
RESULTS:Results showed greater asymmetry in hip extension and ankle flexion for peak torque and mean power, as well as increased asymmetry in flexion movement at the higher angular velocity compared with the lower angular velocity for the mean power. Furthermore, there were no differences in asymmetry between groups.
CONCLUSION:The conclusion of the present study was that older adults showed similar behavior for bilateral torque asymmetry, regardless of the level of physical activity.
SILENCIOGRAFÍAS
Authors: Bajour Cecilia 
Published: July 2020

Así como es posible detectar huellas del exceso en el decir y en el mostrar tanto en textos como en múltiples mediaciones en prácticas literarias, proponemos el neologismo “silenciografías” para referirnos a marcas de lo no dicho y no mostrado. Nuestra hipótesis es que las indagaciones sobre el silencio y el ruido son complementarias ya que para reconocer diversas formas de la elipsis se vuelve necesario el reconocimiento de diversas decisiones que apagan el silencio en los textos y en modos de intervenir en situaciones de lectura, escritura y oralidad.
CONTRA O SILÊNCIO DO CATIVEIRO
Authors: Figueiredo Cesar Alessandro Sagrillo , Oliveira da Silva Luiza Helena 
Published: July 2020

Em entrevista concedida especialmente para o dossiê Literatura e História, da EntreLetras, o jornalista Eduardo Reina, autor de livros que versam sobre a ditadura civil-militar brasileira, falou-nos de seus trabalhos, em especial Cativeiros sem fim: as histórias dos bebês, crianças e adolescentes sequestrados pela ditadura militar no Brasil, publicado em 2019 pela Almedina. O livro possui como objetivo principal investigar a trajetória de crianças filhas de militantes políticos e oponentes do regime militar, que foram sequestradas durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985), sobretudo filhos de militantes e camponeses da Guerrilha do Araguaia, ocorrido no Sudeste do Pará e Norte do Tocantins, entre 1972 e 1975. Como resultado de pesquisa, na entrevista o autor desnuda esse crime de lesa-humanidade até hoje não reconhecido pelo Estado brasileiro, bem como aponta acerca dos medos e traumas presente na Região do Bico do Papagaio/TO, latente ainda em virtude da ação militar empreendida no período.
The Inconsistency of ICSID Awards Over Argentina Cases
Authors: Aiyub Kadir M. Ya'kub , Farsia Lena 
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the inconsistency of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) awards over an emergency situation in Argentina in 2001. Utilising a doctrinal methodology under Third World Approach to International Law (TWAIL) paradigm, this paper explores the argument set out in Argentina case in the first trial and its appeals, then makes an effort to find out the better and systematic argument for Argentina. Therefore, this paper contributes to factually understanding the different argument from two perspectives in ICSID proceedings which has been contested and herewith proposed a better formulated argument for the future of ICSID awards making by placing economic development in Third World States as a basis of argument. Hence this argument can be used for the similar cases in the ICSID in future.
Evaluation of the Regulation Changes on Environment and Forestry in Indonesia
Authors: Helmi Helmi , Syam Fauzi , Nopyandri Nopyandri , Putra Akbar Kurnia 
Published: July 2020

This article aims to examine the correlation between the concept of proper enforcement of the law as stipulated in Article 5 (2) of the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia and the establishment and implementation of government regulation on environment and forestry. This article is a normative legal research with statute, historical, and conceptual approaches. The result shows that proper legal enforcement means two things, namely, establishment and enactment of government regulation by the President and the content of the regulation that does not contradict the law. Failure to comply with the law means the President does not establish or enforce a government regulation as mandated or the content of the regulation is not in line with the law. If the President does form or enforce the implementation of government regulation, this means that the President violates his oath and promise to uphold the Constitution and to serve the nation. If the content of the regulation contradicts with the law, it can be canceled. In this situation, the government needs to realign the content of existing regulations. The ministry involved in legal drafting is called to oversee the content and follow through with revisions. All party involves in the making of law and regulation, such as the People Representatives, the President, or the Minister, is reminded to carefully formulate a government regulation.
The Urbanization Process of São Carlos City between 1980 and 2016
Authors: Stanganini Fábio , Lollo José Augusto 
Published: July 2020

The objective of this work was to analyze the progress of the urbanization process and the environmental impacts in the municipality of São Carlos/SP, due to the changes in the spatial dynamics and the alterations in the landscape. In this case, the observed aspects bring as consequences: the anthropic activities, the environmental degradation, the urban area growth and the environmental impacts. The aid of the spatial analysis tools, such as the Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the remote sensing and the digital cartography, allowed to observe and monitor the current situation of the urbanized area through a multitemporal analysis, that comprised the years 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2016. As an outcome, a worrying situation from the uncontrolled growth over the years has been observed, which arised as a consequence of the dispersion process on the ground. This indicates a need to increase control specifically in the effectiveness of the urban management tools. As an analysis the study endorses that the environmental problems continued to grow because of the unstrategic urbanization process, which possess a potential for the degradation of the areas that are not yet affected by levitating the: risks of the environmental impacts; consumption of the natural resources and pressures on them. In this way, a set of technical information from the maps is of utter importance which can provide aid to the management organs in their decision-making.
SURO-2/TMEM39 Facilitates Collagen Secretion through the Formation of Large COPII Vesicles
Authors: Lee Kiho , Sung Jee Young , Lee Saerom , Lim Gaeun , Jung Kyung Jin , Chung Jeong Min , Jung Hyun Suk , Kim Yong Yun , Shim Jaegal 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fibrosis of various tissues is a typical disease caused by excessive production and secretion of extracellular matrix. We used Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the formation of large transport vesicles to understand collagen secretion, a critical factor in fibrosis formation. The suro-2 mutant displays obvious defects in collagen secretion and cuticle structure including a rupture phenotype in early adults. Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the cuticle thickness of the suro-2 mutant was severely reduced. SURO-2/TMEM39 has 8 transmembrane domains and localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. SURO-2 interacts directly with NPP-20/Sec13, a component of the coat protein II (COPII) complex responsible for ER-to-Golgi transport. SURO-2 and NPP-20 localized at the same large puncta, a large COPII vesicle enough to accommodate collagens. We report here that SURO-2/TMEM39 is highly conserved among animal species and is a specialized regulator of bulky collagen secretion rather than general transport in C. elegans.
Efficacy of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine Treatments for COVID-19 Patients in ICU in Yichang, Hubei, China
Authors: Yuan Ziwen , Zhang Min , Li Jingcheng , Peng Ting , Liang Chen , Lin Zhengfeng , Ming Quan , Peng Qiuping , Fang Run , Zhao Weijun , Luo Bin , Liu Hongbo , Wei Xiaojie , Huang Wusong , Shao Yanfeng , Xiong Shengnan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients is poor. Traditional Chinese Medicine had an advantage in keeping microenvironmental balance in treating SARS and COVID-19.MethodsThis prospective cohort study compared the efficacy and safety of integrative Chinese-Western medicine (ICWM) treatments with Western medicine (WM) treatments in severe or critically ill patients. The outcomes included: mortality, hospital stay in ICU, days with ventilator-assisted ventilation, etc.ResultsA total of 72 confirmed COVID-19 patients in ICU were included. The median age of patients was 66 years (IQR: 53-77.5), and there were 32 female patients (44.4%). There were no significant differences in laboratory tests and complications after treatments between groups. A total of 36 (50%) patients died during hospitalization, and the mortality in the ICWM group (28.6%) was significantly lower than that of the WM group (63.6%, adjusted P=0.011). And the time of assisted ventilation was shorter in the ICWM group (adjusted P=0.341). However, the median hospital stay was significantly longer in the ICWM group (18 vs. 14 days, adjusted P＜0.05).ConclusionsICWM treatments could significantly reduce mortality for severe or critically ill patients with COVID-19, and it was safe and cost-effective to add Chinese medicine.
Pengembangan Petunjuk Praktikum Kimia Berbasis Kontekstual pada Materi Elektrolit dan Non-Elektrolit
Authors: Inayah Nurul 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh kebutuhan peserta didik kelas X MAN 2 Semarang dalam pemahaman materi dengan menggunakan metode praktikum berbasis kontekstual sehingga peserta didik dapat menghubungkan materi dengan kehidupan nyata peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang biasa dikenal dengan istilah <em>Research and Development</em> (R&amp;D). Model pengembangan yang direncanakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan 4-D. Model pengembangan 4-D tahap-tahapnya yaitu <em>Define, Design, Develop</em>, dan <em>Disseminate</em>. Hasil penelitian di MAN 2 Kota Semarang (1) Pada aspek kognitif tingkat kelulusan klasikal peserta didik mencapai 93 % terhadap materi sehingga dapat dikatakan efektif. (2) Pada aspek afektif diperoleh hasil sebanyak 94,36 % nilai afektif peserta didik untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dikatakan dengan tingkat pencapaian Sangat Tinggi. (3) Pada aspek psikomotorik hasil pencapaian diperoleh sebanyak 96,09 % dengan kriteria pencapaian Sangat Tinggi. (4) Pada uji kelayakan buku petunjuk praktikum melalui angket tanggapan peserta didik dengan tingkat pencapaiannya ialah 91,2 % berada pada kriteria efektif. Buku petunjuk praktikum kimia berbasis kontekstual materi elektrolit dan non-elektrolit yang dikembangkan ini terbukti efektif dan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Potential impact of floating solar panels on water quality in reservoirs; pathogens and leaching
Authors: Mathijssen D. , Hofs B. , Spierenburg-Sack E. , van Asperen R. , van der Wal B. , Vreeburg J. , Ketelaars H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractApplication of floating solar panels is especially suited for the Netherlands, given the limited availability of land (surface area). Evides water company owns and operates several open storage reservoirs which can be used for installation of these panels, but the installations could affect the local environment, naturally occurring processes and water quality. In this research, we evaluate leaching of various substances and possible effects based on a theoretical approach following the Analysis of Microbiological Safety of Drinking water (AMSD method). Besides the water quality issues, the ongoing research at Evides will focus on the effect of the floating solar installation on algae, microbiological and chemical parameters, birds, aquatic flora and fauna, and also look into possibilities of applying alternative storage possibilities using hydrogen.
The impact of climate change on water and energy security
Authors: Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Vagheei Hamed , Mohtar Rabi H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The interdependent fundamental systems, water and energy, face abundant challenges, one of which is climate change, which is expected to aggravate water and energy securities. The hydropower industry's benefits have led to its development and growth around the world. Nonetheless, climate change is expected to disturb the future performance of hydropower plants. This study looks at the Seimareh Hydropower Plant to assess the potential vulnerability of hydropower plants to climate change. Results indicate that climate change will affect the area's hydrological variables and suggest an increase in temperatures and decrease in precipitation during a 30-year future period (2040–2069). It is predicted that Seimareh Dam's inflow will decrease by between 5.2% and 13.4% in the same period. These hydrological changes will affect the Seimareh plant's performance: current predictions are that the total energy produced will decrease by between 8.4% and 16.3%. This research indicates the necessity of considering climate change impacts in designing and maintaining hydraulic structures to reach their optimal performance.
Comparison of Bromhexine and its Active Metabolite - Ambroxol as Potential Analgesics Reducing Oxaliplatin-induced Neuropathic Pain - Pharmacodynamic and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Furgała-Wojas Anna , Kowalska Magdalena , Nowaczyk Alicja , Fijałkowski Łukasz , Sałat Kinga 
Published: July 2020

Background:Painful peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of the antitumor drug oxaliplatin. The main symptoms of neuropathy: tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia, appear in more than 80% of patients on oxaliplatin therapy and are due to the overexpression of neuronal sodium channels (Navs) and neuroinflammation.Objective:This study assessed antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties of two repurposed drugs with antiinflammatory and Nav-blocking properties (bromhexine and its pharmacologically active metabolite - ambroxol) in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin. Using molecular docking techniques, we predicted targets implicated in the observed in vivo activity of bromhexine.Methods:Oxaliplatin (a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg) induced tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in CD-1 mice and the effectiveness of single-dose or repeated-dose bromhexine and ambroxol to attenuate pain hypersensitivity was assessed in von Frey and cold plate tests. Additionally, Veber analysis and molecular docking experiments of bromhexine on mouse (m) and human (h) Nav1.6-1.9 were carried out.Results:At the corresponding doses, ambroxol was more effective than bromhexine as an antiallodynic agent. However, at the dose of 150 mg/kg, ambroxol induced motor impairments in mice. Repeated-dose bromhexine and ambroxol partially attenuated the development of late-phase tactile allodynia in oxaliplatin-treated mice. Only 7-day administration of bromhexine attenuated the development of late-phase cold hyperalgesia. Bromhexine was predicted to be a strong inhibitor of mNav1.6, mNav1.7, mNav1.9, and hNav1.7-hNav1.9.Conclusion:The conversion of bromhexine to other than ambroxol active metabolites should be considered when interpreting some of its in vivo effects. Nav-blocking properties of bromhexine (and previously also predicted for ambroxol) might underlie its ability to attenuate pain caused by oxaliplatin.
Chemistry and Antioxidant Potential of Phytoconstituents from Aegle Marmelos Fruit-Shell
Authors: Chaubey Ankita , Dubey Ashok K. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Oxidative stress is among the main causes of metabolic disorders. Hence, there is a need to
discover potent antioxidants for therapeutic applications.

Objective:
The objective of this study has been to investigate the phytoconstituents of the methanolic extract of the
hard shell of Aegle marmelos fruit and their antioxidant potential.

Methods:
Methanolic extract was fractionated using different solvents by liquid-liquid extraction. Characterization of
the phytoconstituents was done by using phytochemical tests and GC-MS analysis. The free radical scavenging
activity, total reducing power, lipid peroxidation inhibition and cell protection assays against oxidative stress were
performed with methanolic extract and its fractions.

Results:
Therapeutically significant class of compounds, for example, polyphenols, glycosides and sterols were
revealed in the hard-shell extract. Differential separation of compounds was achieved by liquid-liquid extraction
using different solvents. Six compounds: 4-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid; 5-Oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid methyl
ester; 1-[3-Methyl-3-Butenyl] Pyrrolidine; Trans-sinapyl alcohol; 5-[Hydroxymethyl]-2-furaldehyde and 2,4-
Dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3[2H]-furan-3-one, identified in the fruit-shell extract, are being reported for the first time
from this plant. Strong antioxidant potential of the extract was evident from efficient scavenging of free radicals. The
extract also conferred protection to yeast cells against oxidative damage.

Conclusion:
Results showed that the hard shell of the Aegle marmelos fruit was a potent source for antioxidant
compounds, which can be developed for therapeutic applications in the control and management of metabolic
diseases.
Melatonin and Regulation of Immune Function: Impact on Numerous Diseases
Authors: Bondy Stephen C. , Campbell Arezoo 
Published: July 2020

:
Melatonin is well known as a neuroendocrine hormone that promotes sleep. However,
the many other attributes of melatonin are less apparent and not as widely appreciated. The purpose
of this review is to summarize the qualities of melatonin relating to immune function. The relevance
of melatonin in partially or wholly restoring optimal function, in a series of disorders related
to immune dysfunction, is addressed in this report. This includes the potential relief of both autoimmune
diseases and many other ailments involving abnormal immune responses, including the
overall diminished effectiveness of body defenses occurring with aging. Disease states affecting a
wide range of organ systems have been reported as benefitting from melatonin administration and
are discussed here. A separate section addresses the potential role of melatonin in the mitigation of
age-related neurological diseases, in view of the increasing importance of this area. The likely
mechanistic basis of the properties by which melatonin may confer protection by its acting on immune
function is also described.