bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of the Double-Edged Impact of Arachidonic Acid- Derived Eicosanoids in the Neuroinflammatory Background of Depression.
Authors: Regulska Magdalena , Szuster-Głuszczak Magdalena , Trojan Ewa , Leśkiewicz Monika , Basta-Kaim Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

:
Eicosanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives belonging to a family of lipid signalling
mediators that are engaged in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain.
Recently, their implication in the prolonged inflammatory response has become a focus of particular
interest because, in contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammatory processes within the
central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the development of brain pathologies including depression.
The synthesis of eicosanoids is catalysed primarily by cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved
in the production of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
Moreover, eicosanoid synthesis is catalysed by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which generate both
leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory derivatives such as lipoxins. Thus, AA metabolites have double-
edged pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving properties, and an imbalance between
these metabolites has been proposed as a contributor or even the basis for chronic neuroinflammatory
effects.
This review focuses on important evidence regarding eicosanoid-related pathways (with special emphasis
on prostaglandins and lipoxins) that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting
the double-edged AA-derivative pathways for therapeutic benefits in depression. We also
sought to explore future research directions that can support a pro-resolving response to control the
balance between eicosanoids and thus to reduce the chronic neuroinflammation that underlies at
least a portion of depressive disorders.
Synthesis of Chalcone Derivatives by Phthalhydrazide-Functionalized TiO2-Coated Nano-Fe3O4 as a New Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Nia Forough Motamedi , Farahi Mahnaz , Karami Bahador , Keshavarz Raziyeh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract::
Phthalhydrazide immobilized on TiO2-coated nano Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-P) was synthesized and
characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS and VSM analysis. The resulting magnetic nanocatalyst was
used as a catalyst for the synthesis of chalcone derivatives which affords the desired products in good
to excellent yields. This catalyst can be isolated readily after completion of the reaction by an external
magnetite field and reused several times without significant loss of activity.
A Ferrocene Derivative Reduces Cisplatin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells through Suppression of MDR-1 Expression and Modulation of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Noori Shokoofe , Nourbakhsh Mitra , Farzaneh Shabnam , Zarghi Afshin 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common kind of cancer among women in the world. Despite
major cancer therapy successes in recent years, cancer cells usually develop mechanisms to survive chemotherapy-
induced cell death. Therefore, new strategies are needed to reverse cancer chemoresistance.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a recently-synthesized ferrocene derivative
named 1-ferrocenyl-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)propen-1-one (FMSP) on cisplatin resistance in MCF-7 cells,
focusing on its inhibitory effects on Multi-Drug Resistance-1 (MDR-1) and inflammatory-related STAT3 pathway.

Methods:
Cisplatin-resistant MCF-7 cells were developed and the effect of cisplatin and FMSP on cell viability
was examined by MTT assay. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses were performed to assess the gene and
protein expression of MDR-1 as well as phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3.

Results:
Overexpression of MDR1 as well as a marked increase in the level of phosphorylated STAT3 was
observed in cisplatin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7R) cells. FMSP successfully reduced the MCF-7R cell viability
and reversed both MDR1 expression and STAT3 phosphorylation status through which sensitivity of MCF-7R
cells to cisplatin treatment was regained.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that FMSP may be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention
and management of chemoresistance in breast cancer cells.
Docking Studies and Antiproliferative Activities of 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)- benzoxazolone Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3Kα)
Authors: Bilginer Sinan , Bardaweel Sanaa K. , Sabbah Dima A. , Gul Halise Inci 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Cancer is a life-threatening group of diseases and universally, the second main cause of
death. The design and development of new scaffolds targeting selective cancer cells are considered a promising
goal for cancer treatment.

Aim and Objective:
Chalcone derivatives; 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)-benzoxazolone, were previously prepared
and evaluated against the oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma cell line, HSC-2, and were reported to have
remarkably high tumor selectivity. The aim of this study was to further investigate the anticancer activities of
the chalcone derivatives against human colon cancer cells with a possible elucidation of their mechanism of
action.

Methods:
Computational studies were conducted to explore the potential interaction of the synthesized molecules
with the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinaseα (PI3Kα). Biological evaluation of the antiproliferative
activities associated with compounds 1-23 was carried out against the colon cancer cell line, HCT116.
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was measured to study necrosis, while the caspase-3 activation and DNA
measurements were used to evaluate apoptosis in the treated cells.

Results:
Glide studies against PI3Kα kinase domain demonstrated that the 6-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-2(3H)-
benzoxazolone scaffold forms H-bond with K802, Y836, E849, V851, N853, Q859, and D933, and it fits the
fingerprint of PI3Kα active inhibitors. Biological evaluation of the reported compounds in HCT116 cell line
confirmed that the series inhibited PI3Kα activity and induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 and reduction
of DNA content.

Conclusion:
The recently developed compounds might be employed as lead structures for the design of new
antitumor drugs targeting PI3Kα.
Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Cinnamic Acid-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Triple Negative MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Pal Ambika , Tapadar Poulami , Pal Ranjana 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Cinnamic Acid (CA), also known as 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, is a naturally occurring
aromatic fatty acid found commonly in cinnamon, grapes, tea, cocoa, spinach and celery. Various studies
have identified CA to have anti-proliferative action on glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma
cells.

Objective:
Our objective was to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of CA in killing
MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells.

Methods:
We performed MTT assay and trypan blue assay to determine cell viability and cell death, respectively.
Comet analysis was carried out to investigate DNA damage of individual cells. Furthermore, AO/EtBr
assay and sub-G1 analysis using flow cytometry were used to study apoptosis. Protein isolation followed by
immunoblotting was used to observe protein abundance in treated and untreated cancer cells.

Results:
Using MTT assay, we have determined CA to reduce cell viability in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
and tumorigenic HEK 293 cells but not in normal NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Subsequently, trypan blue assay and
comet assay showed CA to cause cell death and DNA damage, respectively, in the MDA-MB-231 cells. Using
AO/EtBr staining and sub-G1 analysis, we further established CA to increase apoptosis. Additionally, immunoblotting
showed the abundance of TNFA, TNF Receptor 1 (TNFR1) and cleaved caspase-8/-3 proapoptotic
proteins to increase with CA treatment. Subsequently, blocking of TNFA-TNFR1 signalling by small
molecule inhibitor, R-7050, reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 at the protein level.

Conclusion:
Thus, from the above observations we can conclude that CA is an effective anticancer agent that can induce
apoptosis in breast cancer cells via TNFA-TNFR1 mediated extrinsic apoptotic pathway.
A DNA Repair Pathway Polymorphism (rs25487) and Angiographically Proven Coronary Artery Patients in a Population of Southern Iran
Authors: Hoseini Seyed M. , Bijanzadeh Mahdi , Seyedian Seyed M. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), which is a multifactorial genetic disease,
is known as one of the most common causes of death worldwide. In this regard, X-ray Repair
Cross-Complementing group 1 (XRCC1), a DNA repair protein involved in Single-Strand Breaks
(SSBs), and Base Excision Repair (BER) pathways have been reported to be responsible for the efficient
repair of single strand breaks and damaged bases in DNA.

Objective:
In the current study, we analyzed Arg399Gln (rs25487), which is one of the most common polymorphism of
XRCC1 gene that might be associated with the increased risk for CAD.

Method:
This case-control study was performed to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and the CAD development. In this study, 290 patients and 216 controls were diagnosed by cardiac angiography and then screened for the
above-mentioned polymorphism using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) method.

Results:
The frequency of the GA genotype of XRCC1 Arg399Gln (rs25487) was significantly higher in CAD patients
compared to the controls (p=0.002, OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.06-1.37). Moreover, its dominant mode (AA + GA) genotype had a
1.851-fold increase in the risk of CAD (p = 0.005).

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated that Arg399Gln polymorphism of XRCC1 (rs25487) has a significant relationship
with CAD and also plays a probable predisposing role in that. Our results support the role of DNA damages and the malfunctions of DNA repair system in the patients with CAD.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Totonchi Hamidreza , Rezaei Ramazan , Noori Shokoofe , Azarpira Negar , Mokarram Pooneh , Imani Danyal 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Several studies have assessed the association between the vitamin D receptor
(VDR) polymorphism and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results were inconsistent
and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the exact association between
the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of MetS.

Methods:
All accessible studies reporting the association between the FokI (rs2228570) or/and TaqI
(rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232 polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor
and susceptibility to MetS published prior to February 2019 were systematically searched in Web
of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. After that, Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the strength of the association in five genetic models.

Results:
A total of 9 articles based on four gene variations, and comprising 3348 participants with
1779 metabolic syndrome patients were included. The overall results suggested a significant association
between BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS susceptibility in recessive model (OR, 0.72,
95% CI, 0.55-0.95, fixed effect model), allelic model (OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, fixed effect
model), and bb vs BB (OR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.46-0.93, fixed effect). However, no significant association
was identified between TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism, ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphism, and FokI
(rs2228570) polymorphism and MetS.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis suggested an association between the BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism
and MetS. Indeed, BsmI (rs1544410) acts as a protective factor in the MetS. As a result, the
VDR gene could be regarded as a promising pharmacological and physiological target in the prevention
or treatment of the MetS.
Determination of the Upper Reference Limit of Human Epididymis Secretory Protein 4 (HE4) in Healthy Male Individuals and Correlation with Renal and Fertility Markers
Authors: Schirinzi Annalisa , Cazzolla Angela Pia , Mascolo Elisa , Palmieri Giuseppe , Pesce Francesco , Gesualdo Loreto , Santacroce Luigi , Ballini Andrea , Lovero Roberto , Di Serio Francesca 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Elevated human epididymis secretory protein 4 (HE4) serum levels have been widely investigated in patients with
ovarian cancer. However, high levels of HE4 can be also found in other tumors and in renal fibrosis. To date, the HE4 assay manufacturer
features the reference value only for the female pre- and post-menopausal population. The aim of this study was to determine the upper reference limit (URL) of HE4 in a well-defined and large cohort of healthy male individuals and investigate potential factors influencing HE4
levels in healthy subjects.

Methods:
The study included 307 Italian healthy male individuals. HE4 was measured using a chemiluminescent assay (Abbott Laboratories, Wiesbaden, Germany). The URL was calculated using the non-parametric percentile method. Differences in HE4 concentrations according to age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), free and bioavailable testosterone were also evaluated.

Results:
The 97.5th percentile URL of serum HE4 in our study population was 57 pmol/L (90% CI). After stratifying subjects according to age,
we found that the URL of HE4 was higher in older (> 50 years) than in younger subjects (18-30 years old), and overlapping with the URL in
males from 31 to 50 years old (P=4.769e-16, r=0.44). A strong negative correlation between HE4 and eGFR was observed (P=8.412e-12, r=-
0.38). Moreover, a statistically significant negative correlation was also found between HE4 and free and bioavailable testosterone.

Conclusion:
In this study was determined the URL of HE4 in a large cohort of healthy male subjects. Our findings indicate that the HE4
age-dependent differences in males need to be taken into account. The definition of the HE4 URL in males and the correlation observed
with eGFR and testosterone should foster the clinical use of HE4 beyond gynecologic cancer.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Micromeria graeca Aqueous Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Akdad Mourad , Azzane Amine , El Ouady Fadwa , Moujani Abdelhadi , El Khallouki Farid , Eddouks Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Micromeria graeca on blood glucose
levels and lipid parameters in an experimental model of diabetes.

Background:
Micromeria graeca (L.) Benth. ex Rchb is a medicinal plant used in Morocco for the
treatment of several pathologies including diabetes.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of the
aqueous extract of Micromeria graeca (M. graeca) aerial parts (AEMG) under physiological (normal
rats) and pathological (STZ-induced diabetic rats) conditions. Additionally, we analyzed the phytochemical
composition and antioxidant capacity.

Results:
Single oral administration of M. graeca aqueous extract decreased blood glucose levels 4 and
6 hours (p<0.01) after treatment in diabetic rats. In accordance, the repeated oral administration of M.
graeca showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats since the second day to
the end of the period experiment (p<0.0001). In addition, two weeks of treatment with M. graeca reduced
total cholesterol levels (p<0.05) with a significant increase of HDL-c level (p<0.01) in diabetic
rats. Moreover, M. graeca scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner (IC50=0.48 mg/ml),
whereas IC50 was 0.55 mg/ml for BHT. Phytochemical analysis showed the richness of Micromeria
graeca on polyphenols (281.94±4.61 mg GAE/1 g), flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, sterols,
sesquiterpenes, and terpenoids.

Methods:
The effects of the acute and sub-chronic administration of AEMG (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose
levels and lipid profiles were evaluated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Moreover, the phytochemical analysis was carried with standard tests and estimation of total phenolics
compounds by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity was realized by the DPPH method.

Conclusion:
AEMG exhibits antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities in STZ-induced
diabetic rats and a potent antioxidant capacity.
False Measurement of Blood Amino Acids by LC-MS/MS in a Patient Dependent on Matrix Effect after Total Parenteral Nutrition Infusion
Authors: Guzelcicek Ahmet , Gönel Ataman , Demir Abit , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim:
Although it is widely known that the total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
used frequently in intensive care units has unwanted side effects, there is little known about how it
interferes with the amino acid levels taken during the diagnosis of metabolic diseases. Amino acid can
lead to inaccurate measurements with mass spectrometry due to its high molecular content of lipids and
carbohydrates, which modifies the blood matrix. The purpose of this study was to emphasize the results
of amino acid interference, measured with mass spectrometry, in patients administered with TPN.

Case Presentation:
Incorrect clinical interpretation resulted in the case of a pneumonia patient with
false positive and negative blood amino acid levels caused by TPN infusion. The amino acid profile
had been requested to rule out an amino acid metabolic defect in the two-year-old boy who arrived at
the pediatric clinic complaining of respiratory distress, tachypnea and hypoxemia. He was monitored in
the intensive care unit for further investigation. The personnel who had performed phlebotomy also
carried out the sampling during the TPN infusion administration. This caused the amino acid results
and an incorrect interpretation. The following deviation ratios were detected: phenylalanine 102%,
leucine 86%, isoleucine 106%, GABA 200%, citrulline 238%, glutamine 178%, ornithine 216%, 1-
methyl-l-histidine 1471%, serine 312%, alanine 163%, glycine 355%, homocitrulline and carnosine
444%. The amino acid blood level measurements taken for diagnosis and screening in suspected metabolic
disease may lead to involuntary false low or elevated results in patients administered with TPN.

Conclusion:
This case demonstrates that TPN solutions affect the reference method of mass spectrometry
measurement methods due to the concentration of ingredients. We suggest that inaccurate
results can be avoided by carrying out the sampling prior to TPN infusion in patients whose plasma
amino acid levels will be measured.
Impact of MWCNT and GF Incorporation on Optical Properties of GTS Alloy
Authors: Singh Abhay Kumar , Jen Tien-Chien 
Published: August 2020

Aims:
To address the physical properties of the growing research topic based on inorganic
and organic composite materials under the glassy regime. The incorporation of a small amount of organic
content in inorganic chalcogenide alloy could be an interesting topic for the investigation. Such
composite materials' optical and structural properties could define their prospective use.

Objectives:
Considering the prospective utility of the inorganic and organic composite materials, this
report’s key goal was to demonstrate the structural and optical properties, like, absorption spectra, extinction
coefficient (k), real dielectric constant (εʹ), imaginary dielectric constant (εʹʹ), refractive index
(n), absorption coefficient (α) and optical energy band (Eg ) for the Se 55 Te 25 Ge 20 (GTS) alloy,
Se 55 Te 25 Ge 20 +0.025% multiwalled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) and Se 55 Te 25 Ge 20 +0.025 %
bilayer graphene (GF) composites.

Methods:
To synthesize the materials, a direct melt-quenched technique was adopted. Materials microstructural
and UV/Visible optical absorption were performed from the Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscope and UV/Visible optical spectrometer equipment’s.

Results:
The obtained experimental evidences revealed that materials’ optical properties and microstructures
slightly altered owing to the incorporation of multi walled carbon nano tubes and bilayer
graphene in Se 55 Te 25 Ge 20 regime. To correlate the inorganic-organic material interactions, a schematic
has also interpreted based on the bond formation in the solids.

Conclusion:
The experimental evidences have revealed the existence of MWCNT and GF in diffused form in GTS glassy configuration.
The evidences have also revealed the diffused morphologies of the MWCNT and GF could not developed the specific structure within the
complex configuration (although they have exhibited rather distinct morphologies), but they influenced the optical properties of the
composite materials.
Exploration of Novel Formulations for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Raj Shakshi , Kumar Vinay , Kala Nidhi , Malviya Rishabha , Sharma Akanksha , Sharma Pramod K. , Gupta Ramji 
Published: August 2020

:
The biological applications of nanoparticles have been rapidly advancing in the field of
cancer detection and its treatment. Many drug delivery systems have been developed and some are
still developing based on the concept of nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis. These unique systems
have the potential to diagnose, treat and reduce the chances of cancer. Some captivating
fields with many applications have been developed when nanotechnology is combined with biotechnology.
In this review, many systems have been described, which are based on nanotechnology
used to treat cancer. Carbon nanotubes, aptamer, polymersomes, dendrimers, nanoshells and
many more have been described in this review. Cancers like brain cancer, lung cancer and breast
cancer have been explained with their method of treatment. The review also focuses on the advantage
of the different types of systems based on nanoparticles with their application in the treatment
of cancer.
Hydrogen Peroxide and Quercetin Induced Changes on Cell Viability, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Yılmaz Ayşe Mine , Biçim Gökhan , Toprak Kübra , Yılmaz Betül Karademir , Milisav Irina , Yalçın Ahmet Suha 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Different cellular responses influence the progress of cancer. In
this study, the effects of hydrogen peroxide and quercetin induced changes on cell
viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2)
cells were investigated.

Methods:
The effects of hydrogen peroxide and quercetin on cell viability, cell cycle
phases, and oxidative stress related cellular changes were investigated. Cell viability was
assessed by WST-1 assay. Apoptosis rate, cell cycle phase changes, and oxidative stress
were measured by flow cytometry. Protein expressions of p21, p27, p53, NF-Kβ-p50,
and proteasome activity were determined by Western blot and fluorometry, respectively.

Results:
Hydrogen peroxide and quercetin treatment resulted in decreased cell viability
and increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Proteasome activity was increased by hydrogen
peroxide but decreased by quercetin treatment.

Conclusion:
Both agents resulted in decreased p53 protein expression and increased cell
death by different mechanisms regarding proteostasis and cell cycle phases.