bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Proximate Factors Associated With Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence by Men In India
Authors: Thomas Bigi , Trivedi HP , Subhash Rema , Pathak Sangeetha N 
Published: November 2019

At a time when there is a severe dearth of men centric versions of intimate partner violence and the perpetuation of the same by men shows anomalous surge around the world, it is essential to investigate the predictive factors of the same with its intricacies from perpetrators perspectives too. Understanding the factors instrumental in making perpetrators of violence, especially when violence on women is the demonstration of men's failure to appreciate the inherent poise and parity of women, can enable us to have policy interventions to involve men as a part of solution in our efforts towards combating all forms of violence, resulted from aggressive masculinity with gender stereotypes, which sanctions use of violence as well as a sense of entitlement over women.
This study attempts to encapsulate the links between IPV perpetration and perpetrators' attitude towards gender equality, childhood gender inequity & violence experiences and explores the associations between education, age, occupation and income of perpetrators on IPV. A quantitative research design was followed in this study where 1600 men from four different districts, having different gender equality and development indices, within Gujarat, India were selected by proportionate random sampling.
The results of this study vividly demonstrate the ubiquity of IPV, a petrifying crime pervasive around the world. It also underlines how strong and deeply rooted patriarchal attitudes internalised within men are intricately linked to their inclination towards IPV. Childhood gender inequity, as well as violence experiences of men, is also emerged as a set of proximate factors found to be significantly correlated with their propensity to be violent towards women. This study immensely contributes towards policy recommendations which will help generations to disapprove of violence on women and grow up with gender equity attitudes.
OPTIMALISASI LAYANAN PENELUSURAN SUMBER-SUMBER INFORMASI UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENULISAN KARYA ILMIAH DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Hapsari Dian 
Published: November 2019

<p>Publication of scientific papers for lecturers and students is a demand that can not be avoided. In order to find information as an ingredient in the manufacture of scientific work, the necessary sources of quality information and reliable. The library, in this case the librarian must be responsive and observant in seeing user needs. One way that can be done by librarians in providing information relating to the publication of scientific works of faculty and students is by providing search services information sources. To be able to do it optimally, it needs the capability to master the sources of information, including how to use search facilities and information search strategy. Thus, the term college library as the heart really can be realized with the maximum.</p><p>Keywords: information search, librarians, scientific papers</p>
Fracturing Creates Hundreds of Fractures - Only a Few Matter
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: November 2019

It would be exceedingly hard to find anyone with more experience extracting data from a fractured reservoir than Kevin Raterman.
After nearly a decade as co-leader of ConocoPhillip’s one-a-kind test site in the Eagle Ford, Raterman, a reservoir engineering advisor at the company, has had the opportunity to use just about every sort of diagnostic test.
He was the lead writer on the latest technical paper (URTeC 263) about the test site that studied “core, image logs, proppant tracer, distributed temperature sensing, distributed acoustic sensing, and pressure, which shows that not all hydraulic fractures are created equal.”
Among those, the measurements from an array of downhole pressure gauges loomed largest.
Raterman’s advice to those analyzing fractured reservoirs is to install more downhole pressure gauges to identify where fractures are draining the rock and where they are not. Those carefully placed sensors observed large pressure differences at locations as close as 45 ft apart.
“The more spatial pressure data you have, the better off you are,” he said. Pressure gauges are one of the oldest tools for reservoir analysis, and one of the more affordable. The test site plan to gather spatial data, though, significantly upped the ante. It required installing gauges in the reservoir at carefully chosen locations in what would normally be inaccessible rock.
ConocoPhillips installed 14 pressure gauges in monitoring wells around the fractured producing well, where the 15th gauge was located. Based on other diagnostic tests, the locations showed how a small number of large fractures can play a dominant role in draining the reservoir. It was part of ConocoPhillips’ exhaustive reservoir test in the Eagle Ford that was launched in the heady days when $100/bbl oil seemed like a given.
The new technical paper examined 12 pressure gauges installed in a monitoring well originally drilled for testing, which had focused on imaging thousands of feet of rock and collecting one of the largest samples of fractured core•ever (Fig. 1).
The core samples were the stars of the first test site paper in 2017 (URTeC• 2670034). That attracted a lot of attention because the samples contained a complex mix of large and small fractures that contradicted widespread assumptions about fracturing.
It was widely assumed that the millions of pounds of sand pumped to prop open fractures extended to a large area around the well. But at those far field locations, from 60–400 ft from the well, “evidence for well propped fractures is sparse.”
Those samples were also interesting because hydraulically fractured core is rarely collected. Coring fractured rock is costly and difficult. The ConocoPhillips team had to develop a method to collect the fragile, cracked samples.
There are limits to what can be learned from the cracks in a cylinder of rock a few inches wide. Those fracture segments are a static piece of a dynamic system.
Identification of NHXs in Gossypium species and the positive role of GhNHX1 in salt tolerance
Authors: Long Lu , Zhao Jing-Ruo , Guo Dan-dan , Ma Xiao-Nan , Xu Fu-Chun , Yang Wen-Wen , Gao Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Plant Na + /H + antiporters (NHXs) are membrane-localized proteins that maintain cellular Na + /K + and pH homeostasis. Considerable evidence highlighted the critical roles of NHX family in plant development and salt response; however, NHXs in cotton are rarely studied.
Results: The comprehensive and systematic comparative study of NHXs in three Gossypium species was performed. We identified 12, 12, and 23 putative NHX proteins from G. arboreum , G. raimondii , and G. hirsutum , respectively. Phylogenetic study revealed that repeated polyploidization of Gossypium spp. contributed to the expansion of NHX family. Gene structure analysis showed that cotton NHXs contain many introns, which will lead to alternative splicing and help plants to adapt to high salt concentrations in soil. The expression changes of NHX s indicate the possible differences in the roles of distinct NHX s in salt response. GhNHX1 was proved to be located in the vacuolar system and intensively induced by salt stress in cotton. Silencing of GhNHX1 resulted in enhanced sensitivity of cotton seedlings to high salt concentrations, which suggests that GhNHX1 positively regulates cotton tolerance to salt stress.
Conclusion: We characterized the gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, and expression pattern of NHX genes from G. arboreum , G. raimondii , and G. hirsutum . Our findings indicated that the cotton NHX genes are regulated meticulously and differently at the transcription level with possible alternative splicing. The tolerance of plants to salt stress may rely on the expression level of a particular NHX , rather than the number of NHXs in the genome. This study could provide significant insights into the function of plant NHX s, as well as propose promising candidate genes for breeding salt-resistant cotton cultivars.
Incidence of seriously injured road users in a Swedish region, 2003–2014, from the perspective of a national road safety policy
Authors: Värnild Astrid , Larm Peter , Tillgren Per 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Since 1997 Sweden has a policy for road safety called Vision Zero. Given that Vision Zero is mainly used to reduce fatalities among car occupants, the question has been raised by the research community whether a Vision Zero approach promotes health for all road traffic users. The objective is to measure target fulfilment of the national road safety policy for a Swedish region by examining incidence of serious injury during 2003–2014 in rural and urban road spaces with or without implemented measures.Methods: Data on seriously injured road users, defined as ISS>8 (Injury Severity Scale), were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) together with data from NVDB (National Road Database). These data are used to describe where road users are seriously injured in relation to implemented national policy and using a conceptual model of a road space comprising roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Seriously injured road users in single and multiple crashes with and without vehicles are included. The development of the incidence is analysed for different road users and places in the road space.Results: Despite implemented road safety measures in the region, the incidence of seriously injured road users per 100,000 inhabitants in rural areas increased from 7.8 in 2003 to 9.3 in 2014 but doubled in urban areas from 8.0 in to 16.3 respectively. In areas not transformed by Vision Zero, only 36% were injured in rural areas while 64% were injured in urban areas. In contrast, in transformed areas 61% of injuries occurred in rural areas, whereas 39% occurred in urban areas. While the incidence decreased for car occupants on transformed national roads in rural areas, the incidence of serious injuries increased among unprotected road users in urban areas, in particular on pavements and tracks for cycling and walking than on the roads where Vision Zero had been implemented. Conclusion: The reduction in the incidence for car occupants in the region may not be adequate to contribute to fulfilling the national target. More needs to be done, especially in the urban areas, where more active mobility is desired.
The emotional labour of quality improvement work in end of life care: a qualitative study of Patient and Family Centred Care in England
Authors: Boulton Richard , Boaz Annette 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing emphasis on understanding patient experience in order to inform efforts to support improvement. This paper reports findings from an implementation study of an evidence-based intervention called Patient and Family Centred Care (PFCC) designed to tap into patient experiences as a basis for improvement. In this study the PFCC intervention was spread to a new service area (end of life care) and delivered at scale in England. The findings presented here focus specifically on one key aspect of the intervention: staff shadowing of patients, and the experiences of staff carrying out shadowing for the purposes of service improvements.METHODS The study methods were ethnographic observations of key events, semi-structured interviews with members of participating teams and the programme implementation support team and managers, and a review of the documents used in the set up and running of the programme.RESULTS One of the key strengths of the PFCC approach is to encourage staff through shadowing to engage with patient experience of services. Many staff described the process of shadowing as a transformative experience that alerted them to immediate areas where their services could be improved. However, engaging with patient experience of end of life care services also had unintended consequences for some staff in the form of emotional labour. Furthermore, we observed difficulties encountered by staff that are not accounted for in the existing PFCC literature relating to how care service structures may unevenly distribute the amount of ‘emotional labour’ that staff members need to invest in implementing the programme.CONCLUSIONS Connecting with patient experience is a crucial aspect of a number of quality improvement interventions that aim to help staff to engage with the lived experience of their services and reconnect their motivations for working in the health care system. However, there may be unintended consequences for health care service staff, particularly in sensitive areas of service delivery such as end of life care. The ‘emotional labour’ for staff of engaging in quality improvement work informed by patient experience should be considered in planning and supporting patient experience led quality improvement.
Urban-Rural Disparities in Treatment Outcomes Among Recurrent TB Cases in Zambia
Authors: Mutembo Simon , Mutanga Jane Namangolwa , Musokotwane Kebby , Kanene Cuthbert , Dobbin Kevin , Li Changwe , Yao Xiaobai , Marconi Vincent , Whalen Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Setting
Southern province, Zambia.
Background
At least 13 – 20% of all Tuberculosis (TB) cases are recurrent TB. Recurrent TB patients have high risk of Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB).
Objective
To estimate the prevalence of recurrent TB among TB cases and compare risk of unfavorable treatment outcomes between rural and urban settings.
Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, we used mixed effects logistic regression to asses associations between explanatory and outcome variables. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality and exposure was setting (rural/urban).
Results
Overall 3,566 recurrent TB cases were diagnosed among 25,533 TB patients. The prevalence of recurrent TB was 15.3% (95% CI: 14.8 15.9) in urban and 11.3% (95% CI: 10.7 12.0) in rural areas. Death occurred in 197 (5.5%), 103 (2.9%) were lost to follow-up, and 113 (3.2%) failed treatment. Rural settings had 70% higher risk of death (adjusted OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2 2.7). Risk of lost to follow-up was twice higher in rural than urban (adjusted OR: 2.0 95% CI: 1.3 3.0). Compared to HIV-uninfected, HIV-infected individuals on Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) were 70% more likely to die (adjusted OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2 3.1).
Conclusion
Recurrent TB prevalence was generally high in both urban and rural settings. The risk of mortality and lost to follow-up was higher among rural patients. We recommend a well-organized Directly Observed Therapy strategy adapted to setting.
ROS as a Novel Indicator to Predict Anticancer Drug Efficacy
Authors: Zaidieh Tarek , Smith James , Ball Karen , An Qian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Mitochondria are considered a primary intracellular site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Generally, cancer cells with mitochondrial genetic abnormalities (copy number change and mutations) have escalated ROS levels compared to normal cells. Since high levels of ROS can trigger apoptosis, treating cancer cells with low doses of mitochondria-targeting / ROS-stimulating agents may offer cancer-specific therapy. This study aimed to investigate how baseline ROS levels might influence cancer cells’ response to ROS-stimulating therapy.
Methods
Four cancer and one normal cell lines were treated with a conventional drug (cisplatin) and a mitochondria-targeting agent (dequalinium chloride hydrate) separately and jointly. Cell viability was assessed and drug combination synergisms were indicated by the combination index (CI). Mitochondrial DNA copy number (MtDNAcn), ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured, and the relative expression levels of the genes and proteins involved in ROS-mediated apoptosis pathways were also investigated.
Results
Our data showed a correlation between the baseline ROS level, mtDNAcn and drug sensitivity in the tested cells. Synergistic effect of both drugs was also observed with ROS being the key contributor in cell death.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that mitochondria-targeting therapy could be more effective compared to conventional treatments. In addition, cancer cells with low levels of ROS may be more sensitive to the treatment, while cells with high levels of ROS may be more resistant. Doubtlessly, further studies employing a wider range of cell lines and in vivo experiments are needed to validate our results. However, this study provides an insight into understanding the influence of intracellular ROS on drug sensitivity, and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to improve efficacy of anticancer therapy.
Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed the conversions of stamens into pistil-like structures in Aegilops crassa cytoplasmic male sterile wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Liu Qi , Liu Zi han , Li Wei , Song Xi Yue 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Aegilops crassa cytoplasm is an essential material for investigating the cytoplasm of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Moreover, the stamens of C303A exhibit a high degree of pistillody, turning almost white. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of C303A pistillody remains unclear. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of C303A, the phenotypic and cytological features of C303A were observed to identify the key stage that the homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures, transcriptome profiles were determined by Illumina RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) of stamen. Results: Through morphological observation, for CMS wheat with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm (CMS-C) line C303A, the pistil of which developed normally, but stamens were ultimately aborted and the stamens released no pollen when mature. According to the results of the paraffin section, stamens began to transform into pistils or pistil-like structures at binucleate stage (BNS). Therefore, the stamens of line C303A and its maintainer 303B at BNS were collected for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 20,444 wheat genes were detected as being differentially expressed between C303A and 303B stamens, included 10,283 up-regulated and 10,161 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analyses showed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) distributed on the metabolic process, cell, cellular process, catalytic activity and cell part. From KEGG, we knew that DEGs were mainly enriched to energy metabolism. We also found several essential genes that may contribute to pistillody in C303A. Based on the above analysis, we believe that due to the confusion of energy metabolism and reactive oxygen metabolism, thereby inducing the pistillody and eventually lead to the abortion of C303A. Conclusion:This study unravels the complex transcriptome profiles in C303A stamen, highlighting the energy metabolism and class B MADS-box genes related to pistillody. This work should lay the foundations of future studies in the mechanical response to wheat stamen and pollen development in CMS.
Hierarchical transcriptional control regulates Plasmodium falciparum sexual differentiation
Authors: Biljon Riëtte van , Wyk Roelof van , Painter Heather J. , Orchard Lindsey , Reader Janette , Niemand Jandeli , Llinás Manuel , Birkholtz Lyn-Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Malaria pathogenesis relies on sexual gametocyte forms of the malaria parasite to be transmitted between the infected human and the mosquito host but the molecular mechanisms controlling gametocytogenesis remains poorly understood. Here we provide a high-resolution transcriptome of Plasmodium falciparum as it commits to and develops through gametocytogenesis.
Results : The gametocyte-associated transcriptome is significantly different from that of the asexual parasites, with dynamic gene expression shifts characterizing early, intermediate and late-stage gametocyte development and results in differential timing for sex-specific transcripts. The transcriptional dynamics suggest strict transcriptional control during gametocytogenesis in P. falciparum, which we propose is mediated by putative regulators including epigenetic mechanisms (driving active repression of proliferation-associated processes) and a cascade-like expression of ApiAP2 transcription factors.
Conclusions : The gametocyte transcriptome serves as the blueprint for sexual differentiation and will be a rich resource for future functional studies on this critical stage of Plasmodium development, as the intraerythrocytic transcriptome has been for our understanding of the asexual cycle.
Liver stiffness measurement predicts the difficulty of Kasai procedure in Biliary Atresia: a single center retrospective analysis of 199 patients
Authors: Shen Qiulong , Chen Yajun , Peng Chunhui , Pang Wenbo , Wang Zengmeng , Wu Dongyang , Wang Kai , Huang Xinjie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Kasai procedure is the standard initial treatment of infants with biliary atresia. The key to perform a successful surgery is to accurately remove the fibrous portal plate near the liver hilum. Yet how to estimate surgical difficulty pre-operatively remains unclear. This study aims to design an algorithm that predicts the difficulty of Kasai procedure using liver stiffness measurement (LSM). Methods: 199 patients were included from April 2012 to December 2016. The patients were all surgically diagnosed with biliary atresia. Group A comprised of patients with porta hepatis retraction (the angle between the plane of the fibrous porta plate and the plane of the medial liver closest to the plate was equal to or smaller than 90°), group B comprised of patients without porta hepatis retraction (the angle between the plane of the fibrous porta plate and the plane of the medial liver closest to the plate was greater than 90°). Liver function measurements and LSM were measured for all patients within three days before surgery. Results: Our study included 19 cases in group A (9 males, 10 females) and 180 cases in group B (87 males, 93 females). LSM had statistical differences between the two groups, 28.10(14.90) kPa VS 10.89(7.10) kPa, P =0.000. There was a significant relationship between LSM and operative age, TBA, AST, GGT (P=0.000, 0.003, 0.003, 0.012, correlation coefficient =0.323, 0.213, 0.207, 0.179). The AUROC of LSM was 0.919. When the cutoff value was 15.15 kPa(OR=3.989; P = 0.000), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 0.947, 0.750, 0.285, 0.992 and 0.768, respectively. When the value was 23.75kPa(OR=3.483; P = 0.000), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy were 0.631, 0.950, 0.571, 0.960 and 0.919, respectively. Conclusions: LSM can be used to predict the difficulty in dissecting fibrous portal plate, and in turn, the difficulty of Kasai procedure. LSM>23.75 kPa suggests a more complicated surgery.