bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Moisture Initialization on MJO and its Teleconnection Prediction in BCC Subseasonal Coupled Model
Authors: Wu Jie , Ren Hong‐Li , Lu Bo , Zhang Peiqun , Zhao Chongbo , Liu Xiangwen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIt is well recognized that moisture is of great importance in the representation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). In this study, a moisture initialization scheme is developed using the Beijing Climate Center (BCC) subseasonal operational coupled model, and its effects on MJO predictions are investigated. Three sets of hindcast experiments are conducted: a reference experiment without moisture initialization (REF) and two sensitivity experiments with moderate and strong moisture nudging schemes. We show that the prediction skill of the real‐time multivariate MJO index is significantly improved in the two sensitivity experiments, where the skillful prediction can reach up to 20 days using the moderate nudging scheme. Larger improvements can be achieved when MJO was initiated from Phases 2–3 and 5–7 or during La Niña episodes, implying that the MJO prediction skill is more sensitive to moisture conditions in active convection regions and backgrounds. The moisture budget analysis indicated that the MJO prediction improvement using the moisture initialization schemes comes from the realistic representation of vertical moisture structure and vertical moisture advection to the east of the MJO convection in the planetary boundary layer. The improved MJO prediction is also demonstrated to enable a more reliable subseasonal prediction of extratropical circulation and precipitation through a more realistic description of MJO‐related teleconnections. In addition, the ensemble mean of the three schemes can extend the MJO prediction skill to more than 22 days, showing the potential benefits of ensemble prediction of multiinitialization schemes.
The Energy Budgets of Giant Impacts
Authors: Carter P. J. , Lock S. J. , Stewart S. T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGiant impacts dominate the final stages of terrestrial planet formation and set the configuration and compositions of the final system of planets. A giant impact is believed to be responsible for the formation of Earth's Moon, but the specific impact parameters are under debate. Because the canonical Moon‐forming impact is the most intensely studied scenario, it is often considered the archetypal giant impact. However, a wide range of impacts with different outcomes are possible. Here we examine the total energy budgets of giant impacts that form Earth‐mass bodies and find that they differ substantially across the wide range of possible Moon‐forming events. We show that gravitational potential energy exchange is important, and we determine the regime in which potential energy has a significant effect on the collision outcome. Energy is deposited heterogeneously within the colliding planets, increasing their internal energies, and portions of each body attain sufficient entropy for vaporization. After gravitational re‐equilibration, post‐impact bodies are strongly thermally stratified, with varying amounts of vaporized and supercritical mantle. The canonical Moon‐forming impact is a relatively low‐energy event and should not be considered the archetype of accretionary giant impacts that form Earth‐mass planets. After a giant impact, bodies are significantly inflated in size compared to condensed planets of the same mass, and there are substantial differences in the magnitudes of their potential, kinetic, and internal energy components. As a result, the conditions for metal‐silicate equilibration and the subsequent evolution of the planet may vary widely between different impact scenarios.
Analysis of the Topographic Roughness of the Moon Using the Wavelet Leaders Method and the Lunar Digital Elevation Model From the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and SELENE Terrain Camera
Authors: Lemelin M. , Daly M.G. , Deliège A. 
Published: December 2019

Key Points

We study the global roughness at baselines between 330 m and 1,350 km and identify scale breaks near 1, 42, and 338 km
We analyze three scaling regimes 330–659 m, 1–21 km, and 42–169 km, which correspond to different impact, volcanic, and tectonic events
A local roughness analysis of complex craters, basins, rilles, and light plains shows the behavior of geologic units and sloped terrain
Can the Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF) Simulate the MCS‐Associated Precipitation Over the Central United States?
Authors: Lin Guangxing , Fan Jiwen , Feng Zhe , Gustafson William I. , Ma Po‐Lun , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are a major source of precipitation in many regions of the world. Traditional global climate models (GCMs) do not have adequate parameterizations to represent MCSs. In contrast, the Multiscalex Modeling Framework (MMF), which explicitly resolves convection within the cloud‐resolving model embedded in each GCM column, has been shown to be a promising tool for simulating MCSs, particularly over the Tropics. In this work, we use ground‐based radar‐observed precipitation, North American Regional Reanalysis data, and a high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting simulation to evaluate in detail the MCS‐associated precipitation over the central United States predicted by a prototype MMF simulation that has a 2° host‐GCM grid. We show that the prototype MMF with nudged winds fails to capture the convective initiation in three out of four major MCS events during May 201x1 and underpredicts the precipitation rates for the remaining event, because the model cannot resolve the mesoscale drylines/fronts that are important drivers for initiating convection over the Southern Great Plains region. By reducing the host‐GCM grid spacing to 0.25° in the MMF and nudging the winds, the simulation is able to better capture the mesoscale dynamics, which drastically improves the model performance. We also show that the MMF model performs better than the traditional GCM in capturing the precipitation intensity. Our results suggest that increasing resolution plays a dominant role in improving the simulation of precipitation in the MMF, and the cloud‐resolving model embedded in each GCM column further helps to boost precipitation rate.
Application of Multifrequency Acoustic Inversions Using Three Horizontally Profiling ADCPs
Authors: Haught Dan , Venditti Jeremy G. , Wright Scott A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn array of three horizontally mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) deployed in the Fraser River at Mission British Columbia was used to calculate suspended sediment concentration (M), mean grain size (Dg), and geometric standard deviation σg of the grain size distribution (GSD) using acoustic signal inversion. We examine two different multifrequency methods, an explicit and implicit inversion, by systematically allowing M, Dg, and GSD standard deviation (σg) to vary in the inversions. This is the first application of these methods to commercially produced ADCPs, and we further develop methods that use both viscous and scattering attenuation. We couple these inversions with bottle samples collected within the ensonified volume that were analyzed for suspended sediment concentration and GSD characteristics. Concentrations ranged from 20 to 350 mg/L with GSD characteristics dominated by silt to fine sand. We estimate the necessary calibration parameters needed for complete acoustic inversions and find that M and Dg are both dependent on the calibration constant, which could be a source of error in multifrequency inversions using uncalibrated ADCPs. Comparisons between the inversion results and samples show that the implicit method tends to perform best at all flows for estimating M while providing realistic estimates of grain size at high flows only. The explicit method performed well at high flows, but poorly at low flows, for M and Dg. Estimates of σg using both inversion methods indicate frequency dependence. We show that the daily averaged acoustically derived M and Dg capture the hysteretic nature of sediment transport in the Fraser River.
Synthesis and high-resolution structural and chemical analysis of iron-manganese-oxide core-shell nanocubes
Authors: Ullrich Aladin , Rahman Mohammad Mostafizar , Longo Paolo , Horn Siegfried 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the structure and chemical composition of nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition of a mixture of iron oleate and manganese oleate in a high-boiling solvent in the presence of Na-oleate and oleic acid as surfactants by analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particles appear core-shell like in bright field TEM images. Higher spatial resolution TEM (HRTEM) analysis reveals a FeO/MnO like structure in the core and a spinel like structure in the shell. With high-resolution analytical methods like energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), the distribution of the metals Mn and Fe was investigated. Differences in the oxidation state of these metals were found between the core and the shell region. The presence of sodium from the used surfactant (Na-oleate) on the surface of the particles has been proved.
Biosynthesis of heme O in intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and potential inhibitors of this pathway
Authors: Simão-Gurge Raquel M. , Wunderlich Gerhard , Cricco Julia A. , Cubillos Eliana F. Galindo , Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Cebrián-Torrejón Gerardo , Almeida Fernando G. , Cirulli Brenda A. , Katzin Alejandro M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA number of antimalarial drugs interfere with the electron transport chain and heme-related reactions; however, the biosynthesis of heme derivatives in Plasmodium parasites has not been fully elucidated. Here, we characterized the steps that lead to the farnesylation of heme. After the identification of a gene encoding heme O synthase, we identified heme O synthesis in blood stage parasites through the incorporation of radioactive precursors. The presence of heme O synthesis in intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Inabenfide and uniconazole–P appeared to interfere in heme synthesis, accordingly, parasite growth was also affected by the addition of these drugs. We conclude that heme O synthesis occurs in blood stage-P. falciparum and this pathway could be a potential target for antimalarial drugs.
Plant virome reconstruction and antiviral RNAi characterization by deep sequencing of small RNAs from dried leaves
Authors: Golyaev Victor , Candresse Thierry , Rabenstein Frank , Pooggin Mikhail M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn plants, RNA interference (RNAi) generates small interfering (si)RNAs from entire genomes of viruses, satellites and viroids. Therefore, deep small (s)RNA sequencing is a universal approach for virome reconstruction and RNAi characterization. We tested this approach on dried barley leaves from field surveys. Illumina sequencing of sRNAs from 2 plant samples identified in both plants Hordeum vulgare endornavirus (HvEV) and barley yellow mosaic bymovirus (BaYMV) and, additionally in one plant, a novel strain of Japanese soil-borne wheat mosaic furovirus (JSBWMV). De novo and reference-based sRNA assembly yielded complete or near-complete genomic RNAs of these viruses. While plant sRNAs showed broad size distribution, viral sRNAs were predominantly 21 and 22 nucleotides long with 5′-terminal uridine or adenine, and were derived from both genomic strands. These bona fide siRNAs are presumably processed from double-stranded RNA precursors by Dicer-like (DCL) 4 and DCL2, respectively, and associated with Argonaute 1 and 2 proteins. For BaYMV (but not HvEV, or JSBWMV), 24-nucleotide sRNAs represented the third most abundant class, suggesting DCL3 contribution to anti-bymovirus defence. Thus, viral siRNAs are well preserved in dried leaf tissues and not contaminated by non-RNAi degradation products, enabling both complete virome reconstruction and inference of RNAi components mediating antiviral defense.
Conformational transitions induced by γ-amino butyrate binding in GabR, a bacterial transcriptional regulator
Authors: Frezzini Mario , Guidoni Leonardo , Pascarella Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGabR from Bacillus subtilis is a transcriptional regulator of the MocR subfamily of GntR regulators. The MocR architecture is characterized by the presence of an N-terminal winged-Helix-Turn-Helix domain and a C-terminal domain folded as the pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) dependent aspartate aminotransferase (AAT). The two domains are linked by a peptide bridge. GabR activates transcription of genes involved in γ-amino butyrate (GABA) degradation upon binding of PLP and GABA. This work is aimed at contributing to the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the GabR transcription activation upon GABA binding. To this purpose, the structure of the entire GabR dimer with GABA external aldimine (holo-GABA) has been reconstructed using available crystallographic data. The structure of the apo (without any ligand) and holo (with PLP) GabR forms have been derived from the holo-GABA. An extensive 1 μs comparative molecular dynamics (MD) has been applied to the three forms. Results showed that the presence of GABA external aldimine stiffens the GabR, stabilizes the AAT domain in the closed form and couples the AAT and HTH domains dynamics. Apo and holo GabR appear more flexible especially at the level of the HTH and linker portions and small AAT subdomain.
Prognostic model and optimal treatment for patients with stage IVc nasopharyngeal carcinoma at diagnosis
Authors: Tian Yun-ming , Huang Wei-zeng , Lan Yu-hong , Zhao Chong , Bai Li , Han Fei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe treatment for patients with stage IVc nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at diagnosis was still controversial. In this study, we tried to build a prognostic score model and optimize the treatment for the patients. The prognostic model was based on the primary cohort involving 289 patients from 2002 to 2011 and the validation involving another 156 patients from 2012 to 2015.The prognostic model was built based on the hazard ratios of significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). By multivariate analysis, factors associated with poor OS were Karnofsky performance score ≤70, liver metastases, multiple-organ metastases, ≥2 metastatic lesions, lactate dehydrogenase >245 IU/I and poor response to chemotherapy (all P < 0.01). Based on these prognostic factors, patients were divided into the low-risk (0–2 points), intermediate-risk (3–6 points) and high-risk (≥7 points) groups. Five-year OS rates for the low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups were 49.3%, 9.7% and 0.0%, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, loco-regional radiotherapy was associated with significantly better OS in low- and intermediate-risk patients, but not in high-risk patients. These results demonstrated that the prognostic score model based on six negative factors can effectively predict OS in patients with stage IVc NPC at diagnosis. Loco-regional radiotherapy may be beneficial for low- and intermediate-risk patients, but not for high-risk patients.
A facile non-solvent induced phase separation process for preparation of highly porous polybenzimidazole separator for lithium metal battery application
Authors: Wang Jiaying , He Yang , Wu Quan , Zhang Yunfeng , Li Zhiyuan , Liu Zhihong , Huo Shikang , Dong Jiaming , Zeng Danli , Cheng Hansong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe drawbacks of low porosity, inferior electrolyte wettability, low thermal dimensional stability and permissive lithium dendrite growth of the conventional microporous polyolefin-based separators hinder their widely application in the high power density and safe Lithium ion batteries. Herein, highly porous polybenzimidazole-based separator is prepared by a facile non-solvent induced phase separation process (NIPS) using water, ethanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate as the coagulation bath solvent, respectively. It was found that the ethanol is suitable to fabricate uniform morphology macroporous separator with the porosity of 92%, electrolyte uptake of 594 wt.%, and strong mechanical strength of 15.9 MPa. In addition, the experimental tests (electrochemical analysis and XPS test) and density functional theory calculation suggest that the electron-rich imidazole ring of polybenzimidazle can enhance Li+ mobility electrostatic attraction interaction while the block the PF6− mobility via electrostatic repulsion interaction. Therefore, high Li+ transference number of 0.76 was obtained for the neat polybenzimidazole-based polymer electrolyte. As a proof of concept, the Li/LiFePO4 cell with the polybenzimidazole-based polymer electrolyte/1.0 M LiPF6− ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (v:v = 1:1) electrolyte exhibits excellent rate capability of >100 mAh g−1 at 6 C (1 C = 170 mA g−1) and superior cycle stability of 1000 cycles.
Repetitive Negative Thinking, Temperament, and Adverse Impact in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Tichenor Seth , Yaruss J. Scott 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Prior research has explored how repetitive negative thinking (RNT) contributes to both the increased persistence and severity of various disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and eating disorders. This study explored the potential role of RNT in the experience of stuttering, with a particular focus on the relationship between RNT, adverse impact, and certain temperament profiles.

Method

Three hundred thirteen adults who stutter completed a measurement of the frequency/severity of RNT (Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire;
Ehring et al., 2011
), 207 completed a temperament profile (Adult Temperament Questionnaire;
Evans & Rothbart, 2007
), and 205 completed a measurement of adverse stuttering impact (Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering;
Yaruss & Quesal, 2016
). Analyses were conducted within and across instruments to ascertain how RNT, temperament markers, and adverse impact interrelate within individuals.

Results
Results indicated that RNT significantly predicts Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering impact scores with great effect and that certain temperament markers (specifically, Effortful Control and Negative Affectivity) moderate this relationship for specific sections of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering.

Conclusion
By assessing RNT in people who stutter, clinicians can better understand individual differences in their clients, and this will allow them to make targeted diagnoses and develop more tailored intervention plans.
Shadowing and multiple rings in the protoplanetary disk of HD 139614
Authors: Muro-Arena G. A. , Benisty M. , Ginski C. , Dominik C. , Facchini S. , Villenave M. , van Boekel R. , Chauvin G. , Garufi A. , Henning T. , Janson M. , Keppler M. , Matter A. , Ménard F. , Stolker T. , Zurlo A. , Blanchard P. , Maurel D. , Moeller-Nilsson O. , Petit C. , Roux A. , Sevin A. , Wildi F. 
Published: December 2019

Context. Shadows in scattered light images of protoplanetary disks are a common feature and support the presence of warps or misalignments between disk regions. These warps are possibly caused by an inclined (sub-)stellar companion embedded in the disk.
Aims. We aim to study the morphology of the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614 based on the first scattered light observations of this disk, which we model with the radiative transfer code MCMax3D.
Methods. We obtained J- and H-band observations that show strong azimuthal asymmetries in polarized scattered light with VLT/SPHERE. In the outer disk, beyond ~30 au, a broad shadow spans a range of ~240 deg in position angle, in the east. A bright ring at ~16 au also shows an azimuthally asymmetric brightness, with the faintest side roughly coincidental with the brightest region of the outer disk. Additionally, two arcs are detected at ~34 and ~50 au. We created a simple four-zone approximation to a warped disk model of HD 139614 in order to qualitatively reproduce these features. The location and misalignment of the disk components were constrained from the shape and location of the shadows they cast.
Results. We find that the shadow on the outer disk covers a range of position angles too wide to be explained by a single inner misaligned component. Our model requires a minimum of two separate misaligned zones – or a continuously warped region – to cast this broad shadow on the outer disk. A small misalignment of ~4° between adjacent components can reproduce most of the observed shadow features.
Conclusions. Multiple misaligned disk zones, potentially mimicking a warp, can explain the observed broad shadows in the HD 139614 disk. A planetary mass companion in the disk, located on an inclined orbit, could be responsible for such a feature and for the dust-depleted gap responsible for a dip in the SED.
Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Ahmad Sarah R. , Moss Heather E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAdvances in ophthalmic diagnostics and results of interventional clinical trials are shifting diagnosis and management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) to be more technology- and evidence-based. In this article, the evidence supporting current diagnostic criteria, evaluation, and medical and surgical management of IIH are reviewed.
Migraine Aura: Pathophysiology, Mimics, and Treatment Options
Authors: Fraser Clare L. , Hepschke Jenny L. , Jenkins Bronwyn , Prasad Sashank 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRecent insights into the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of migraine aura have paved the way for new treatments for this common but frequently debilitating condition. Marked efflux of cellular potassium and glutamate contributes to the cortical spreading depression that forms the electrophysiological basis of migraine aura phenomena. Secondary vascular perturbations also contribute to the various symptoms of a migraine attack. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays a key role in many of these steps, and a growing class of CGRP-antagonists have emerged as a novel, efficacious preventative therapy. It is still not fully understood why a preponderance of migraine aura symptoms is visual, and this issue is an active area of research. In addition, the pathophysiological changes responsible for visual snow syndrome are under investigation. Before diagnosing a patient with migraine aura, it is important to consider the differential diagnosis of transient visual phenomena, with attention to clinical features that may suggest conditions such as retinal disorders, transient ischemic attack, or occipital epilepsy.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Graves Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) grew out of a convergence of rapid advancements in femtoseconds optics research and fiber optic commercial technology. The basic concept of OCT is to “see” into tissues using light echoes, analogous to the sound echoes of ultrasonography. Multiple A-scans are assembled into a B-scan two-dimensional image of the tissue of interest. Retina is an ideal tissue for evaluation by OCT, since the eye is designed to minimize light scattering through the anterior chamber and vitreous. OCT has had a significant impact on the field of multiple sclerosis, where it has allowed direct imaging of the myelin-free segments of axons and cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells. Together with precise functional measurements of the afferent visual system, the addition of robust structural measurements of retinal injury has allowed for an unprecedented ability to correlate clinical effects with the degree of neuronal loss. In addition, OCT has proven helpful to distinguish different forms of demyelinating disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica, and has provided ideal outcome measures in remyelination and neuroprotection trials.