bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of a gold(iii) complex with vitamin B1 and chlorambucil derivatives: anticancer evaluation and mechanistic insights
Authors: Tabrizi Leila , Abyar Fatemeh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A novel cyclometalated gold(iii) complex supported by chlorambucil coupled with phenylpyridine (CHL-N^C) and a hybrid of vitamin B1 with dithiocarbamate (B1-DTC) with the formula [(CHL-N^C)AuIII(B1-DTC)](Cl2), 1, was synthesized and fully characterized using different techniques, including multinuclear NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. This complex is water-soluble and stable in a biological environment. This new complex offers a new scaffold to explore the biological properties of gold(iii) complexes as an anticancer drug. The antiproliferative activities of complex 1 and free ligands against breast and colon cancer cells showed auspicious results with IC50 values in the micromolar range for complex 1 and more active than cisplatin and free ligands with selectivity over non-tumorigenic cells human lung fibroblasts, MRC-5. The DNA binding and inhibition of thioredoxin reductase of complex 1 were studied and compared with molecular docking results. Moreover, the Au cellular uptake and apoptosis of this new complex were investigated.
Photomechanical actuation of polydimethylsiloxane/carbon black nanocomposite
Authors: Hiremath Shivashankar , Kulkarni Satyabodh M 
Published: March 2020

Materials such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanotube, graphene, etc. have been found to deform on exposure to the light source. Introducing these materials into polymers could convert them to photo‐responsive composites. This is demonstrated by the experiment in which polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer containing CB nanofiller composites is prepared, and its photomechanical actuation from exposure to IR light source is recorded using a laser displacement sensor. The particle size analysis reveals the size of the CB, which is verified by the dynamic light scattering method. The UV–vis–IR spectrophotometer study shows that an increase in the light absorbance capacity of nanocomposites compared to the plain polymer. The PDMS/CB nanocomposite beam exhibited a significant deformation compared to plain PDMS. Deformation of the order of 10–11 mm is observed for a given IR source. The deformation found to have good repeatability but with some thermal hysteresis in cyclic actuation and de‐actuation.
Hepatic Portal Venous Gas: An Ill Omen or a Misleading Sign
Authors: Mehta Shruti , Desai Gunjan S. , Shah Saumil , Mehta Hitesh , Phadke Aniruddha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHepatic portal venous gas (HPVG), a rare radiological finding, is historically considered an ominous sign with 100% mortality rates. The dictum that HPVG warrants surgical intervention is challenged in the recent literature. This is because of the identification of various causes of HVPG other than bowel gangrene. Most of these newly identified causes can be managed conservatively. However, bowel gangrene, if missed, is fatal. Hence, sound clinical judgment and accurate diagnosis based on specific clinical parameters and imaging findings are important. We present a case of a young male with tumor lysis syndrome and neutropenic sepsis. He underwent treatment for a relapse of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and presented with abdominal pain and distension. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed HPVG, and the differential diagnosis was neutropenic colitis or pseudomembranous colitis, with steroid use as the probable cause. The patient was managed conservatively. The case emphasizes that the evaluation for a specific cause of HPVG is important to reduce unnecessary surgery. A succinct literature review provides the reasons for the changing mortality rates.
Splenic Artery Embolization for Nonocclusive Hepatic Artery Hypoperfusion
Authors: Jenner Zachary B. , Di Geronimo Ryan T. , Molano Pilar Bayona , Pillai Rex M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVarious minimally invasive, surgical, and laparoscopic interventions are performed for treatment and management of splenic artery steal syndrome in liver transplant and cirrhotic patients. Common approaches include splenic artery banding, ligation, stenting, and embolization to increase hepatic arterial flow. Splenic artery embolization has undergone further development to facilitate timely diagnosis, increase efficacy, decrease adverse outcomes, and improve patient selection. We review the current diagnostic modalities and technical advancements of splenic artery embolization to improve hepatic arterial perfusion in patients with splenic artery steal syndrome.
Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve : A Rare Entity
Authors: P. Shrinath D. Kamath , Rathnakar Pretty , Shetty Kishore 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe non recurrent laryngeal nerve (nRLN) is a rare abnormal condition that the head and neck surgeon must aware of in order to avoid postoperative morbidity. High index of suspicion, Preoperative recognition of patients with situs inversus, dysphagia lusoria, identification of medialised vagus nerve and meticulous dissection can minimise the risk of injury to nRLN intraoperatively.We are reporting a case of nRLN observed during hemithyroidectomy for a 53 year old female patient.
EMTN em hospitais dos Municípios do Alto do Tietê
Authors: Bottoni Andrea , Hassan Daniel Zumerkorn , Nacarato Arnaldo , Garnes Sérgio dos Anjos , Bottoni Adriana 
Published: March 2020

RESUMOA desnutrição pode ser definida como um desequilíbrio metabólico causado por diferentes fatores que podem agir individualmente ou combinados como: aumento da necessidade calórico-proteica, inadequado consumo de nutrientes, alterações da composição corporal e funções fisiológicas. No âmbito hospitalar, a desnutrição, desde sua identificação nas décadas de 70, preocupa profissionais da saúde, visto que prejudica a função imune, interferindo na susceptibilidade às infecções, cicatrização e resposta inflamatória, o que pode provocar um aumento no tempo de hospitalização. Desse modo, quanto mais precoce a detecção de pacientes mal nutridos, ou em risco de desnutrição, maior o benefício da Terapia Nutricional (TN). Delineamento do trabalho: estudo prospectivo com perguntas objetivas e descritivaspara avaliar a situação da TN e das EMTNs em hospitais públicos e não públicos dos municípios da região do Alto Tietê pertencentes a grande São Paulo. Nove hospitais foram selecionados para essa análise, por apresentarem os critérios de inclusão requeridos. Apenas 11% dessas instituições manipulavam in loco a nutrição parenteral (NP), cerca de 45% adquiriam os compostos da indústria e a outra metade terceirizava o serviço. Entretanto, todos faziam uso do aparelho de infusão para administração da NP. Apesar de ser exigência da ANVISA, a porcentagem de hospitais que possui a EMTN ativa é bem pequena.
Supervised Machine Learning in Oncology: A Clinician's Guide
Authors: Murali Nikitha , Kucukkaya Ahmet , Petukhova Alexandra , Onofrey John , Chapiro Julius 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe widespread adoption of electronic health records has resulted in an abundance of imaging and clinical information. New data-processing technologies have the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine by deriving clinically meaningful insights from large-volume data. Among those techniques is supervised machine learning, the study of computer algorithms that use self-improving models that learn from labeled data to solve problems. One clinical area of application for supervised machine learning is within oncology, where machine learning has been used for cancer diagnosis, staging, and prognostication. This review describes a framework to aid clinicians in understanding and critically evaluating studies applying supervised machine learning methods. Additionally, we describe current studies applying supervised machine learning techniques to the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer, with a focus on gastroenterological cancers and other related pathologies.
Multidisciplinary Approach for Liver Transplantation in Patients with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: It Takes a Village
Authors: Tsai Eugenia , Patnaik Ronit , Alkhouri Naim 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in Western countries, and its aggressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a leading cause of cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. The total number of new liver transplantation waitlist registrants with NASH continues to increase rapidly, making NASH the second most common indication for liver transplantation. Compared with recipients for other etiologies, patients with NASH often have higher rates of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiac disease. Many of these medical comorbidities are independently associated with increased preoperative risk and both short- and long-term complications. The presence of these particular risk factors necessitates the need for early detection, medical optimization, and careful preoperative care. Bariatric surgery is an effective strategy for weight loss and ultimately reducing obesity-related medical complications. In select patients, bariatric surgery—before, during, or after liver transplantation—may be useful to help improve posttransplant outcomes. NAFLD/NASH can present after liver transplantation and occurs as either recurrent or de novo disease. Posttransplant NAFLD occurs in the setting of metabolic syndrome, immunosuppression use, and genetic determinants. Future studies and efforts should focus on optimizing medical management strategies to further improve transplant outcomes in patients with NAFLD.
Signaling mechanisms of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor in LPS-induced acute ocular inflammation
Authors: Liang Wei Cheng , Ren Jia Lin , Yu Qiu Xiao , Li Jian , Ng Tsz Kin , Chu Wai Kit , Qin Yong Jie , Chu Kai On , Schally Andrew V. , Pang Chi Pui , Chan Sun On 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Emerging evidence indicates that the receptor for growth-hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH-R) is involved in a wide spectrum of extra-pituitary activities, including tumor growth and inflammation. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of inflammatory processes in acute ocular inflammation mediated by GHRH-R. In human ciliary epithelial cells, the expression of the GHRH-R gene is elevated after lipopolysaccharide insult through the phosphorylation of NF-κB. The activation of GHRH-R stimulates activity of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, leading to cytokine and chemokine production. In a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis, and in human ciliary epithelial cells, antagonists targeting the GHRH-R/JAK2/STAT3–signaling axis alleviate partially the inflammatory responses, supporting a potential therapeutic approach to acute ocular inflammation.
bioPROTACs as versatile modulators of intracellular therapeutic targets including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
Authors: Lim Shuhui , Khoo Regina , Peh Khong Ming , Teo Jinkai , Chang Shih Chieh , Ng Simon , Beilhartz Greg L. , Melnyk Roman A. , Johannes Charles W. , Brown Christopher J. , Lane David P. , Henry Brian , Partridge Anthony W. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Intracellular proteins interact with each other to perform functions that are critical to normal and disease states. Attempts at altering pathological protein–protein interactions with traditional approaches have largely failed. Here, we explore an emerging approach we call “bioPROTACs”—engineered fusion proteins that consist of a target binding domain and an E3 ligase, an arrangement that results in the specific degradation of the therapeutic target. Our systematic study shows bioPROTAC design requirements are highly flexible in terms of both the binding domain and E3 ligase components. Resulting molecules can be used as powerful tools for uncovering biology, informing on the design of small molecule target degraders (e.g. PROTACs), and, if delivery issues can be addressed, potential therapeutics.
Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis after Planck
Authors: Fields Brian D. , Olive Keith A. , Yeh Tsung-Han , Young Charles 
Published: March 2020

We assess the status of big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in light of the finalPlanckdata release and other recent developments, and in anticipation of future measurements.Planckdata from the recombination era fix the cosmic baryon density to 0.9% precision, and now damping tail measurements determine the helium abundance and effective number of neutrinos with precision approaching that of astronomical and BBN determinations respectively. All three parameters are related by BBN . In addition, new high-redshift measurements give D/H to better precision than theoretical predictions, and new Li/H data reconfirm the lithium problem. We present new7Be(n,p)7Li rates using new neutron capture measurements; we have also examined the effect of proposed changes in thed(p,γ)3He rates. Using these results we perform a series of likelihood analyses. We assess BBN/CMB consistency, with attention to how our results depend on the choice ofPlanckdata, as well as how the results depend on the choice of non-BBN, non-Planckdata sets. Most importantly the lithium problem remains, and indeed is more acute given the very tight D/H observational constraints; new neutron capture data reveals systematics that somewhat increases uncertainty and thus slightly reduces but does not essentially change the problem. We confirm thatd(p,γ)3He theoretical rates brings D/H out of agreement and slightly increases7Li new experimental data are needed at BBN energies. Setting the lithium problem aside, we find the effective number of neutrino species at BBN isNν = 2.86 ± 0.15. Future CMB Stage\nobreakdash-4 measurements promise substantial improvements in BBN parameters: helium abundance determinations will be competitive with the best astronomical determinations, andNeffwill approach sensitivities capable of detecting the effects of Standard Model neutrino heating of the primordial plasma.
Stochastic entropy production in diffusive systems
Authors: Martin R J , Ford I J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Computing the stochastic entropy production associated with the evolution of a stochastic dynamical system is a well-established problem. In a small number of cases such as the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, of which we give a complete exposition, the distribution of entropy production can be obtained analytically. For a general potential it is much harder. A recent development in solving the Fokker–Planck equation, in which the solution is written as a product of positive functions, addresses any system governed by the condition of detailed balance, thereby permitting nonlinear potentials. Using examples in one and higher dimension, we demonstrate how such a framework is very convenient for the computation of stochastic entropy production in diffusion processes.
Investigation of spectroscopic and thermo-mechanical behaviors of different phenanthroimidazole-azo dyes in solvent and polymer medium
Authors: Erbaş Seçil Çelik , Uregil Umut , Gülle Sibel , Baştürk S Bahar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is the investigation of the interaction between dyes and polymers which have different polarities. Dye doped polymer films have larger application areas because of the fact that dye is more stable when doped in polymer compared to solvent medium. However, dye dispersion in the polymer medium affects both the spectroscopic and mechanical properties of the polymer. The polymer-dye interaction must be high for a good dispersion,. In this study, polypropylene with apolar character and polymethylmethacrylate with polar groups were chosen as a solid phase to examine polymer-dye interactions. The photophysical properties of phenanthroimidazole-azo compounds synthesized previously were examined with UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques in tetrahydrofuran and two polymer media. Also, photostability tests of azo dyes in THF and polymer films were performed. Surface roughness characterizations of polymer films were carried out with AFM. Additionally, the viscoelastic behaviors of the polymethylmethacrylate and polypropylene films under sinusoidal vibrations at different temperatures were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis technique.
Medications requiring prior authorization across health insurance plans
Authors: Jones Laney K , Ladd Ilene G , Gionfriddo Michael R , Gregor Christina , Evans Michael A , Graham Jove 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the amount of variation in numbers and types of medications requiring prior authorization (PA) by insurance plan and type.MethodsMost health insurance companies require PA for medications to ensure safe and effective use and contain costs. We generated 4 lists of medications that required PA during 2017 for commercial, marketplace, Medicaid, and Medicare plans. We aggregated medications according to the generic medication name equivalent using codes and medication names. We compared these medications to assess how many of the medications required PA by 1, 2, 3, or all 4 of the insurance plans. We counted all prescription orders written for a patient age 18 years or older with health plan insurance during 2017 for any of the medications that appeared on the health plan’s PA lists by querying the electronic health record.ResultsPA was required for 600 unique medications in 2017 across the 4 plans. Of 691,457 prescription orders written for 114,159 members, 31,631 (5%) were written for 1 of the 600 medications that required PA by at least 1 insurance plan. There were 12,540 medication orders (written for 6,642 members) that potentially required PA. The marketplace plan required PA for the greatest number of medications (440), followed by the Medicare (272), commercial (271), and Medicaid (72) plans. The most commonly prescribed classes of medications for which PA was required by at least 1 plan were antihyperlipidemics (22% of orders potentially requiring PA), narcotic analgesics (13%), hypnotics (12%), antidiabetic medications (9%), and antidepressants (9%). For only 25% of medications (151 of 600) was PA required by at least 3 plans, and for only 5% (32 of 600) was PA required by all 4 insurance types.ConclusionMedications requiring PA can differ within a single health insurance company, but this variation may be unavoidable due to external factors.
Transmission of Cryptosporidium Species Among Human and Animal Local Contact Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multicountry Study
Authors: Krumkamp Ralf , Aldrich Cassandra , Maiga-Ascofare Oumou , Mbwana Joyce , Rakotozandrindrainy Njari , Borrmann Steffen , Caccio Simone M , Rakotozandrindrainy Raphael , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Lusingu John P A , Amuasi John , May Jürgen , Eibach Daniel ,   CRYPTO Study Group, Stark Tony , Dekker Denise , Jaeger Anna , Hogan Benedikt , Lamshöft Maike , Thye Thorsten , Schuldt Kathrin , Winter Doris , Tannich Egbert , Rohmann Christina , Melhem Sophia , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Akenten Charity Wiafe , Sarpong Nimako , Oppong Kwabena , Schares Gereon , Conraths Franz , Kremsner Peter G , Manouana Prince , Mbong Mirabeau , Byrne Natalie , Gesase Samwel , Minja Daniel T R , Sannella Anna Rosa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Cryptosporidiosis has been identified as one of the major causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated deaths in young children in sub-Saharan Africa. This study traces back Cryptosporidium-positive children to their human and animal contacts to identify transmission networks.

Methods
Stool samples were collected from children &lt; 5 years of age with diarrhea in Gabon, Ghana, Madagascar, and Tanzania. Cryptosporidium-positive and -negative initial cases (ICs) were followed to the community, where stool samples from households, neighbors, and animal contacts were obtained. Samples were screened for Cryptosporidium species by immunochromatographic tests and by sequencing the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and further subtyped at the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60). Transmission clusters were identified and risk ratios (RRs) calculated.

Results
Among 1363 pediatric ICs, 184 (13%) were diagnosed with Cryptosporidium species. One hundred eight contact networks were sampled from Cryptosporidium-positive and 68 from negative ICs. Identical gp60 subtypes were detected among 2 or more contacts in 39 (36%) of the networks from positive ICs and in 1 contact (1%) from negative ICs. In comparison to Cryptosporidium-negative ICs, positive ICs had an increased risk of having Cryptosporidium-positive household members (RR, 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.7–7.5]) or positive neighboring children (RR, 2.9 [95% CI, 1.6–5.1]), but no increased risk of having positive animals (RR, 1.2 [95% CI, .8–1.9]) in their contact network.

Conclusions
Cryptosporidiosis in rural sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by infection clusters among human contacts, to which zoonotic transmission appears to contribute only marginally.
Reappraising Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated Neoplasia: Implications for Colonoscopic Surveillance in IBD
Authors: Shah Shailja C , Itzkowitz Steven H 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
One of the most feared complications of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]-associated colitis is colorectal cancer. When considering the substantial increase in the prevalence of IBD, without any anticipated decline, coupled with decreasing colectomy rates for dysplasia and expanding medical options for effectively controlling inflammation, it is predicted that the pool of people living with—and ageing with—colonic IBD, who are recommended to undergo lifelong colonoscopic surveillance for colorectal neoplasia, will strain existing resources and challenge the sustainability of current guideline-based surveillance recommendations. At the same time, we are missing the opportunity for early detection in a group that is overlooked as high-risk, as a substantial proportion of colorectal cancers are being diagnosed in individuals with colonic IBD who have disease duration shorter than when guidelines recommend surveillance initiation. Here, we reappraise: 1] inflammation as a dynamic risk factor that considers patients’ cumulative course; 2] time of screening initiation that is not based primarily on absolute disease duration; and 3] surveillance intervals as an iterative determination based on individual patient factors and consecutive colonoscopic findings. This Viewpoint supports a paradigm shift that will ideally result in a more effective and higher-value colorectal cancer prevention approach in IBD.
Whole genome sequencing provides genomic insights into three Morganella morganii strains isolated from bovine rectal swabs in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Aura , Bhuiyan Omar Faruk , Sadique Abdus , Afroze Tamanna , Sarker Mrinmoy , Momen Abdul Mueed Ibne , Alam Jahidul , Hossain Arman , Khan Imran , Rahman Kazi Fahmida , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Shams Fariza , Ahsan Gias U , Hossain Maqsud 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Morganella morganii, a gram negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Proteeae tribe of the Morganellaceae family, is an unusual opportunistic pathogen mainly responsible for nosocomial and urinary tract infections. While cattle have long been established as a source of a few zoonotic pathogens, no such data has been recorded for M. morganii despite its ubiquitous presence in nature and a number of animal hosts. In this study, draft genomes were produced of three M. morganii isolates from Bangladeshi cattle. The three isolates, named B2, B3 and B5, possessed an average genome size of 3.9 Mp, a GC% of ∼51% and pan and core genomes of 4637 and 3812 genes, respectively. All strains were bearers of the qnrD1 carrying plasmid Col3M and possessed roughly similar virulence profiles and prophage regions. The strains also carried genes that were unique when compared with other publicly available M. morganii genomes. Many of these genes belonged to metabolic pathways associated with adaptation to environmental stresses and were predicted in silico to be borne in genomic islands. The findings of this study expand on the current understanding of M. morganii’'s genomic nature and its adaptation in cattle.