bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour-associated macrophages mediate the invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer cells through CXCL8
Authors: Wu Hao , Zhang Xiangxiang , Han Dali , Cao Jinlong , Tian Junqiang 
Published: March 2020

Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with both the progression and poor prognosis of a variety of solid tumours. This study aimed to investigate and clarify the tumour-promoting role of CXCL8 secreted by TAMs in the urothelial carcinoma microenvironment of the bladder. Immunohistochemistry (n = 55) was used to detect Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8), CD163 (a TAM marker), Matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and E-cadherin in cancerous and adjacent tissues of bladder cancer patients. TAMs-like PBM (peripheral blood mononuclear)-derived macrophages were developed using in vitro experiments. T24, 5637, and UM-UC-3 were treated with conditioned medium (CM) for the experimental intervention group, without CM for the blank control group, and with CM and an anti-CXCL8 neutralizing antibody for the experimental control group, respectively. The immunohistochemical study showed that the expression of CXCL8 was significantly upregulated as the number of infiltrating TAMs increased in the tumour tissues. A high expression of CXCL8 significantly correlated with an increase in the expression of MMP-9 and VEGF and a decrease in expression of E-cadherin in the microenvironment. This revealed that TAM-derived CXCL8 is highly associated with bladder cancer migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. The concentration of CXCL8 was significantly higher in CM collected from TAM-like PBM-derived macrophages than that from THP-1 cells. In subsequent in vitro experiments, we found that CM derived from TAM-like PBM-derived macrophages can also increase the migration rate, invasiveness, and pro-angiogenic properties of tumour cells. Additionally, the effect of CXCL8 was significantly diminished by the addition of an anti-CXCL8 neutralizing antibody to CM. The infiltration of TAMs in the tumour microenvironment leads to the elevation of CXCL8, which in turn promotes the secretion of MMP-9, VEGF, and E-cadherin by bladder cancer cells. This alters the migration, invasion, and pro-angiogenic capacity of bladder cancer cells and accelerates cancer progression.
Verification of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention
Authors: Vanninen Paula 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article gives a short historical review of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), discusses the tasks of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) related to chemical analysis, and lists the chemicals scheduled in the CWC. The Recommended Operating Procedures (ROPs) proposed originally by Finland and subsequently developed further in international cooperation as well as the work instructions (WIs) of the OPCW are briefly discussed. Strategy for analysis of CWC‐related chemicals in an off‐site laboratory is presented. The international interlaboratory comparison (round‐robin) and proficiency tests as well as future prospects also are discussed.
Identification of Improvised Inorganic Explosive Devices by Analysis of Postblast Residues Using Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Hutchinson Joseph P. , Johns Cameron , Dicinoski Greg W. , Jones Laurel , Breadmore Michael C. , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChemical analysis of the residues from improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has become a topical subject as a result of increased frequency of terrorist bomb attacks. There is a need to identify the type of explosive device and its composition, which in turn can assist in the identification of the perpetrators.IEDs can either be organic based (high explosives) or the more easily produced inorganic‐based low explosives. Analysis of residues remaining after the deflagration of an inorganic IED presents several problems. A wide variety of ionic species may be present (such as unconsumed starting products, ionic species formed as part of the reaction) along with environmental or background species. Therefore, it is important that the target ions used to identify the device can be separated from other background ions present in the sample. The instrumental techniques of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and ion chromatography (IC) are proving to be ideally suited to this task. Both techniques have fundamental advantages, with CE offering highly efficient separations within a short run time, and IC offering high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility.In this article, an outline of the analytical methods used in this area is presented, with a particular focus on the application of CE and IC. A brief literature review of published methods is provided, along with background information on inorganic explosives, sampling techniques, portable instrumentation, and recent developments.
Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Application to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Otsuka Makoto 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is widely used in pharmaceutical manufacturing because it can rapidly measure the critical material attributes (CMAs) of a product in real time, nondestructively, and noncontact during manufacturing processes as a process analysis technology. NIR has shown practical applicability in various processes in pharmaceutical manufacturing, including the following examples:

Spectroscopic analysis of crystalline quality of a bulk drug in pharmaceutical formulations.

Evaluation of the pharmaceutical properties of tablets by in‐line NIR monitoring during granulation processes.

Evaluation of the pharmaceutical properties of tablets, in which the drug substance undergoes crystal polymorphic transformation, during the granulation process by in‐line NIR monitoring.

Prediction of the dissolution properties of tablets based on the NIR spectra of the compressed tablets.

Tablet quality evaluation during tablet manufacturing processes based on physical and chemical information in NIR spectra of the compressed tablets.

NIR spectral imaging of pharmaceutical products.

Evaluation of the polymorphic content of bilayer tablets using NIR on compressed tablets.

In‐line NIR monitoring of tablet
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coating (TC) processes for controlled drug release preparations.

The effectiveness of hand‐held NIR spectrometers in the pharmaceutical industry.
Elastin‐Like Recombinamers: Deconstructing and Recapitulating the Functionality of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Using Recombinant Protein Polymers
Authors: Acosta Sergio , Quintanilla‐Sierra Luis , Mbundi Lubinda , Reboto Virginia , Rodríguez‐Cabello José Carlos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the development of tissue engineering strategies to replace, remodel, regenerate, or support damaged tissue, the development of bioinspired biomaterials that recapitulate the physicochemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix has received increased attention. Given the compositional heterogeneity and tissue‐to‐tissue variation of the extracellular matrix, the design, choice of polymer, crosslinking, and nature of the resulting biomaterials are normally depended on intended application. Generally, these biomaterials are usually made of degradable or nondegradable biomaterials that can be used as cell or drug carriers. In recent years, efforts to endow reciprocal biomaterial–cell interaction properties in scaffolds have inspired controlled synthesis, derivatization, and functionalization of the polymers used. In this regard, elastin‐like recombinant proteins have generated interest and continue to be developed further owing to their modular design at a molecular level. In this review, the authors provide a summary of key extracellular matrix features relevant to biomaterials design and discuss current approaches in the development of extracellular matrix‐inspired elastin‐like recombinant protein based biomaterials.
Pitch‐Derived Soft Carbon as Stable Anode Material for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuan , Lu Ya‐Xiang , Xu Yan‐Song , Meng Qing‐Shi , Gao Jing‐Chi , Sun Yong‐Gang , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Chang Bao‐Bao , Liu Chun‐Tai , Cao An‐Min 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPotassium ion batteries (KIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage system, but the stability and high rate capability of their electrode materials, particularly carbon as the most investigated anode ones, become a primary challenge. Here, it is identified that pitch‐derived soft carbon, a nongraphitic carbonaceous species which is paid less attention in the battery field, holds special advantage in KIB anodes. The structural flexibility of soft carbon makes it convenient to tune its crystallization degree, thereby modulating the storage behavior of large‐sized K+ in the turbostratic carbon lattices to satisfy the need in structural resilience, low‐voltage feature, and high transportation kinetics. It is confirmed that a simple thermal control can produce structurally optimized soft carbon that has much better battery performance than its widely reported carbon counterparts such as graphite and hard carbon. The findings highlight the potential of soft carbon as an interesting category suitable for high‐performance KIB electrode and provide insights for understanding the complicated K+ storage mechanisms in KIBs.
Highly Transparent and Flexible Iontronic Pressure Sensors Based on an Opaque to Transparent Transition
Authors: Liu Qingxian , Liu Zhiguang , Li Chenggao , Xie Kewei , Zhu Pang , Shao Biqi , Zhang Jianming , Yang Junlong , Zhang Jin , Wang Quan , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman–computer interfaces, smart glasses, touch screens, and some electronic skins require highly transparent and flexible pressure‐sensing elements. Flexible pressure sensors often apply a microstructured or porous active material to improve their sensitivity and response speed. However, the microstructures or small pores will result in high haze and low transparency of the device, and thus it is challenging to balance the sensitivity and transparency simultaneously in flexible pressure sensors or electronic skins. Here, for a capacitive‐type sensor that consists of a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film sandwiched between two transparent electrodes, the challenge is addressed by filling the pores with ionic liquid that has the same refractive index with PVDF, and the transmittance of the film dramatically boosts from 0 to 94.8% in the visible range. Apart from optical matching, the ionic liquid also significantly improves the signal intensity as well as the sensitivity due to the formation of an electric double layer at the dielectric‐electrode interfaces, and improves the toughness and stretchability of the active material benefiting from a plasticization effect. Such transparent and flexible sensors will be useful in smart windows, invisible bands, and so forth.
Electrically Conductive Tough Gelatin Hydrogel
Authors: Liu Chunlin , Zhang Hui Jie , You Xiangyu , Cui Kunpeng , Wang Xuechuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHydrogels for electronic applications require stretchability, high electrical conductivity, and high mechanical strength. A mechanically robust ionic conductive gelatin hydrogel is constructed by a simple soaking–heating process in an ammonium sulfate solution. Due to the combined effect of the salt‐out effect and heating, a gelatin hydrogel with large chain‐dense and ion‐rich regions is successfully constructed. This gel exhibits high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength.
Release kinetics of potassium from silica‐rich fern‐derived biochars
Authors: Nguyen Anh T. Q. , Bui Tu A. , Mai Nga T. , Tran Hien T. , Tran Son V. , Nguyen Nam H. , Tsubota Toshiki , Shinogi Yoshiyuki , Dultz Stefan , Nguyen Minh N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, low input agriculture has been encouraged because of its sustainability and environmentally friendly vision. Conversion of biomass into control‐released materials is one of the approaches to upcycle biomass and nutrients. This study aims at examining the dynamics of K release from Si‐rich biochars formed from various pyrolysis strategies with the findings expected to be applicable to develop new refinery strategies for biomass nutrients. A Si‐rich fern species [Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw.] was selected to prepare biochars under various pyrolysis conditions (e.g., temperature, N2 supported). It was found that K was re‐located during pyrolysis and occurred as free K+ ions, associated with organic matter and occluded in silica structure. Pyrolysis can be strategically applied to alter either the organic phase or the silica phase in the biochars in term of porosity and chemical reactivities, whereby controlling K release kinetics. The maximum level of released K was at 600 °C (5.4 g kg−1) which was about one order of magnitude higher than the minimum level of released K at 200 °C (0.55 g kg−1). This discrepancy in the release rates of K suggests that adjusting pyrolysis temperature can be a strategical practice to control K release and to develop biochar‐based K fertilizers.
Human‐Specific Transcriptome of Ventral and Dorsal Midbrain Dopamine Neurons
Authors: Monzón‐Sandoval Jimena , Poggiolini Ilaria , Ilmer Tobias , Wade‐Martins Richard , Webber Caleb , Parkkinen Laura 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveNeuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in Parkinson disease (PD) is not uniform, as dopamine neurons from the ventral tier are lost more rapidly than those of the dorsal tier. Identifying the intrinsic differences that account for this differential vulnerability may provide a key for developing new treatments for PD.MethodsHere, we compared the RNA‐sequenced transcriptomes of ~100 laser captured microdissected SNpc neurons from each tier from 7 healthy controls.ResultsExpression levels of dopaminergic markers were similar across the tiers, whereas markers specific to the neighboring ventral tegmental area were virtually undetected. After accounting for unwanted sources of variation, we identified 106 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the SNpc tiers. The genes higher in the dorsal/resistant SNpc tier neurons displayed coordinated patterns of expression across the human brain, their protein products had more interactions than expected by chance, and they demonstrated evidence of functional convergence. No significant shared functionality was found for genes higher in the ventral/vulnerable SNpc tier. Surprisingly but importantly, none of the identified DEGs was among the familial PD genes or genome‐wide associated loci. Finally, we found some DEGs in opposite tier orientation between human and analogous mouse populations.InterpretationOur results highlight functional enrichments of vesicular trafficking, ion transport/homeostasis and oxidative stress genes showing higher expression in the resistant neurons of the SNpc dorsal tier. Furthermore, the comparison of gene expression variation in human and mouse SNpc populations strongly argues for the need of human‐focused omics studies. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:853–868
Triplet Energy Transfer from Ruthenium Complexes to Chiral Eniminium Ions: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutanecarbaldehydes by [2+2] Photocycloaddition
Authors: Hörmann Fabian M. , Kerzig Christoph , Chung Tim S. , Bauer Andreas , Wenger Oliver S. , Bach Thorsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChiral eniminium salts, prepared from α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and a chiral proline derived secondary amine, underwent, upon irradiation with visible light, a ruthenium‐catalyzed (2.5 mol %) intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition to olefins, which after hydrolysis led to chiral cyclobutanecarbaldehydes (17 examples, 49–74 % yield), with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Ru(bpz)3(PF6)2 was utilized as the ruthenium catalyst and laser flash photolysis studies show that the catalyst operates exclusively by triplet‐energy transfer (sensitization). A catalytic system was devised with a chiral secondary amine co‐catalyst. In the catalytic reactions, Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2 was employed, and laser flash photolysis experiments suggest it undergoes both electron and energy transfer. However, experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that energy transfer is the only productive quenching mechanism. Control experiments using Ir(ppy)3 showed no catalysis for the intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of an eniminium ion.
Heterotrimetallic Mixed‐Valent Molecular Precursors Containing Periodic Table Neighbors: Assignment of Metal Positions and Oxidation States
Authors: Han Haixiang , Carozza Jesse C. , Colliton Audra P. , Zhang Yuxuan , Wei Zheng , Filatov Alexander S. , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Alkan Melisa , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Dikarev Evgeny V. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA known trinuclear structure was used to design the heterobimetallic mixed‐valent, mixed‐ligand molecule [CoII(hfac)3−Na−CoIII(acac)3] (1). This was used as a template structure to develop heterotrimetallic molecules [CoII(hfac)3−Na−FeIII(acac)3] (2) and [NiII(hfac)3−Na−CoIII(acac)3] (3) via isovalent site‐specific substitution at either of the cobalt positions. Diffraction methods, synchrotron resonant diffraction, and multiple‐wavelength anomalous diffraction were applied beyond simple structural investigation to provide an unambiguous assignment of the positions and oxidation states for the periodic table neighbors in the heterometallic assemblies. Molecules of 2 and 3 are true heterotrimetallic rather than a statistical mixture of two heterobimetallic counterparts. Trinuclear platform 1 exhibits flexibility in accommodating a variety of di‐ and trivalent metals, which can be further utilized in the design of molecular precursors for the NaMM′O4 functional oxide materials.
Long‐Lived Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence in Helicene‐NHC Rhenium(I) Complexes: The Influence of Helicene, Halogen, and Stereochemistry on Emission Properties
Authors: Gauthier Etienne S. , Abella Laura , Hellou Nora , Darquié Benoît , Caytan Elsa , Roisnel Thierry , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Favereau Ludovic , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Williams J. A. Gareth , Autschbach Jochen , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe first enantiopure chiral‐at‐rhenium complexes of the form fac‐ReX(CO)3(:C^N) have been prepared, where :C^N is a helicene‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and X=Cl or I. These have complexes show strong changes in the emission characteristics, notably strongly enhanced phosphorescence lifetimes (reaching 0.7 ms) and increased circularly polarized emission (CPL) activity, as compared to their parent chiral models lacking the helicene unit. The halogen along with its position within the dissymmetric stereochemical environment strongly affect the photophysics of the complexes, particularly the phosphorescence quantum yield and lifetime. These results give fresh insight into fine tuning of photophysical and chiroptical properties of Re‐NHC systems.
Bi3+‐Er3+ and Bi3+‐Yb3+ Codoped Cs2AgInCl6 Double Perovskite Near‐Infrared Emitters
Authors: Arfin Habibul , Kaur Jagjit , Sheikh Tariq , Chakraborty Sudip , Nag Angshuman 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBi3+ and lanthanide ions have been codoped in metal oxides as optical sensitizers and emitters. But such codoping is not known in typical semiconductors such as Si, GaAs, and CdSe. Metal halide perovskite with coordination number 6 provides an opportunity to codope Bi3+ and lanthanide ions. Codoping of Bi3+ and Ln3+ (Ln=Er and Yb) in Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite is presented. Bi3+‐Er3+ codoped Cs2AgInCl6 shows Er3+ f‐electron emission at 1540 nm (suitable for low‐loss optical communication). Bi3+ codoping decreases the excitation (absorption) energy, such that the samples can be excited with ca. 370 nm light. At that excitation, Bi3+‐Er3+ codoped Cs2AgInCl6 shows ca. 45 times higher emission intensity compared to the Er3+ doped Cs2AgInCl6. Similar results are also observed in Bi3+‐Yb3+ codoped sample emitting at 994 nm. A combination of temperature‐dependent (5.7 K to 423 K) photoluminescence and calculations is used to understand the optical sensitization and emission processes.
A Transannular Polyene Tetracyclization for Rapid Construction of the Pimarane Framework
Authors: Feilner Julian M. , Wurst Klaus , Magauer Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyene cyclizations are one of the most powerful and fascinating chemical transformations to rapidly generate molecular complexity. However, cyclizations employing heteroatom‐substituted polyenes are rare. Described here is the tetracyclization of a dual nucleophilic aryl enol ether involving an unprecedented transannular endo‐termination step. In this transformation, five stereocenters, two of which are quaternary, four carbon–carbon bonds, and four six‐membered rings are formed from a readily available cyclization precursor. The realization of this cyclization enabled short synthetic access to the tricyclic diterpenoid pimara‐15‐en‐3α‐8α‐diol.
Elective Termination of Pregnancy in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Experience From Two Databases
Authors: Lockshin Michael D. , Guerra Marta , Salmon Jane E. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo provide reference data regarding the frequency and safety of elective termination of pregnancy in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases followed up in 2 referral databases.MethodsTwo large databases, one from an autoimmune rheumatic disease referral clinical practice with a known interest in pregnancy (the Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease [BVC]), and one from an observational study of systemic lupus erythematosus– and antiphospholipid antibody–associated pregnancies (Predictors of Pregnancy Outcome: Biomarkers in Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [PROMISSE]), were interrogated for histories of prior elective termination of pregnancy and complications related to incident pregnancy termination.ResultsOf women who had had prior pregnancies, 21.7% of 1,307 in the BVC database and 25.3% of 297 in the PROMISSE database gave histories of 1–5 prior elective terminations of pregnancy; BVC patients reported no flares or hospitalizable complications due to pregnancy termination. Of 674 incident pregnancies, termination for fetal or maternal reasons was recommended for 15 (2%); of these, 2 fetuses died before the procedure was carried out and 1 woman declined termination and, though gravely ill, successfully delivered. She died of cardiomyopathy 3 years later.ConclusionMany patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease undergo elective termination of pregnancy; few report complications. In medically indicated termination of pregnancy, there are no adverse signals of unusual complications or disease flare.
An Alternative Method for Anatomy Training: Immersive Virtual Reality
Authors: Kurul Ramazan , Ögün Muhammed Nur , Neriman Narin Ayşe , Avci Şebnem , Yazgan Beyza 
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of immersive three‐dimensional (3D) interactive virtual reality (VR) on anatomy training in undergraduate physical therapy students. A total of 72 students were included in the study. The students were randomized into control (n = 36) and VR (n = 36) group according to the Kolb Learning Style Inventory, sex, and Purdue Spatial Visualization Test Rotations (PSVT‐R). Each student completed a pre‐intervention and post‐intervention test, consisting of 15 multiple‐choice questions. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, Kolb Learning Style Inventory distribution, and the PSVT‐R (P > 0.05). The post‐test scores were significantly higher compared to pre‐test scores in both the VR group (P < 0.001) and the control group (P < 0.001). The difference between the pre‐test and post‐test results was found to be significantly higher in favor of the VR group (P < 0.001). In this study, anatomy training with a 3D immersive VR system was found to be beneficial. These results suggest that VR systems can be used as an alternative method to the conventional anatomy training approach for health students.