bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoracic duct–azygos vein anastomosis in an infant with superior vena cava syndrome and recurrent chylothorax
Authors: de Beco Geoffroy , Van Winghem Joëlle , Lengelé Benoît , Poncelet Alain J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, we describe an intrathoracic microsurgical lymphatico-venous anastomosis as an alternative surgical technique for the treatment of refractory chylothorax in an infant. This procedure allowed us to restore enteral nutrition within days of surgery. At 3-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of pleural effusion.
Long-term use of antibiotics and risk of type 2 diabetes in women: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yuan Jinqiu , Hu Yanhong Jessika , Zheng Jie , Kim Jean Hee , Sumerlin Tim , Chen Youpeng , He Yulong , Zhang Changhua , Tang Jinling , Pan Yihang , Moore Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Accumulating evidence suggested that long-term antibiotic use may alter the gut microbiome, which has, in turn, been linked to type 2 diabetes. We undertook this study to investigate whether antibiotic use was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included women free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS 2008–2014) and NHS II (2009–2017). We evaluated the overall duration of antibiotics use in the past 4 years and subsequent diabetes risk with Cox proportional-hazards regression adjusting for demography, family history of diabetes and lifestyle factors.

Results
Pooled analyses of NHS and NHS II (2837 cases, 703 934 person-years) revealed that a longer duration of antibiotic use in the past 4 years was associated with higher risk of diabetes [Trend-coefficient = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04 to 0.13]. Participants who received antibiotics treatment for a medium duration of 15 days to 2 months [hazard ratio (HR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.39] or long duration of &gt;2 months (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.38) had higher risk of type 2 diabetes as compared with non-users. Subgroup analyses suggested that the associations were unlikely to be modified by age, family history of diabetes, obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity and overall diet quality.

Conclusions
A longer duration of antibiotic use in recent years was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Physicians should exercise caution when prescribing antibiotics, particularly for long-term use.
Cancer cure for 32 cancer types: results from the EUROCARE-5 study
Authors: Dal Maso Luigino , Panato Chiara , Tavilla Andrea , Guzzinati Stefano , Serraino Diego , Mallone Sandra , Botta Laura , Boussari Olayidé , Capocaccia Riccardo , Colonna Marc , Crocetti Emanuele , Dumas Agnes , Dyba Tadek , Franceschi Silvia , Gatta Gemma , Gigli Anna , Giusti Francesco , Jooste Valerie , Minicozzi Pamela , Neamtiu Luciana , Romain Gaëlle , Zorzi Manuel , De Angelis Roberta , Francisci Silvia ,   the EUROCARE-5 Working Group
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Few studies have estimated the probability of being cured for cancer patients. This study aims to estimate population-based indicators of cancer cure in Europe by type, sex, age and period.

Methods
7.2 million cancer patients (42 population-based cancer registries in 17 European countries) diagnosed at ages 15–74 years in 1990–2007 with follow-up to 2008 were selected from the EUROCARE-5 dataset. Mixture-cure models were used to estimate: (i) life expectancy of fatal cases (LEF); (ii) cure fraction (CF) as proportion of patients with same death rates as the general population; (iii) time to cure (TTC) as time to reach 5-year conditional relative survival (CRS) &gt;95%.

Results
LEF ranged from 10 years for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients to &lt;6 months for those with liver, pancreas, brain, gallbladder and lung cancers. It was 7.7 years for patients with prostate cancer at age 65–74 years and &gt;5 years for women with breast cancer. The CF was 94% for testis, 87% for thyroid cancer in women and 70% in men, 86% for skin melanoma in women and 76% in men, 66% for breast, 63% for prostate and &lt;10% for liver, lung and pancreatic cancers. TTC was &lt;5 years for testis and thyroid cancer patients diagnosed below age 55 years, and &lt;10 years for stomach, colorectal, corpus uteri and melanoma patients of all ages. For breast and prostate cancers, a small excess (CRS &lt; 95%) remained for at least 15 years.

Conclusions
Estimates from this analysis should help to reduce unneeded medicalization and costs. They represent an opportunity to improve patients’ quality of life.
Maternal life and work stressors during pregnancy and asthma in offspring
Authors: Pape Kathrine , Liu Xiaoqin , Sejbæk Camilla Sandal , Andersson Niklas Worm , Larsen Ann Dyreborg , Bay Hans , Kolstad Henrik Albert , Bonde Jens Peter Ellekilde , Olsen Jørn , Svanes Cecilie , Hansen Kirsten Skamstrup , Rugulies Reiner , Hougaard Karin Sørig , Schlünssen Vivi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Maternal stressors during pregnancy are potential risk factors for asthma in offspring. However, previous studies have been limited by the use of self-reported data focusing on stressors either in private life or at work. This study examined the association between maternal stressors both in private life and at work during pregnancy and asthma in offspring.

Methods
In the Danish National Birth Cohort, 75 156 live-born singletons born during 1996–2002 were identified. Maternal information on job title were available around weeks 12–16 of gestation. Data on maternal bereavement, life-threatening illness, suicide attempt and alcohol or drug abuse of a close relative and offspring childhood asthma (3–10 years of age) were obtained from Danish nationwide registers. Maternal psychosocial work stressors (job control, psychological job demands, emotional job demands, work-related violence and threats of work-related violence) were estimated by the use of job-exposure matrices. The association between maternal stress and childhood asthma was analysed in Cox models adjusted for maternal age, comorbidity and parity.

Results
Neither private-life nor work stressors were related to onset of asthma in offspring. Separate analyses by parental atopy or onset of asthma in offspring supported the main findings.

Conclusions
This study does not support an elevated risk of childhood asthma related to exposure to stress during pregnancy.
Uniqueness in inverse electromagnetic scattering problem with phaseless far-field data at a fixed frequency
Authors: Xu Xiaoxu , Zhang Bo , Zhang Haiwen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with uniqueness in inverse electromagnetic scattering with phaseless far-field pattern at a fixed frequency. In our previous work (2018,SIAM J. Appl. Math. 78, 3024–3039), by adding a known reference ball into the acoustic scattering system, it was proved that the impenetrable obstacle and the index of refraction of an inhomogeneous medium can be uniquely determined by the acoustic phaseless far-field patterns generated by infinitely many sets of superpositions of two plane waves with different directions at a fixed frequency. In this paper, we extend these uniqueness results to the inverse electromagnetic scattering case. The phaseless far-field data are the modulus of the tangential component in the orientations ${\boldsymbol{e}}_\phi $ and ${\boldsymbol{e}}_\theta $, respectively, of the electric far-field pattern measured on the unit sphere and generated by infinitely many sets of superpositions of two electromagnetic plane waves with different directions and polarizations. Our proof is mainly based on Rellich’s lemma and the Stratton–Chu formula for radiating solutions to the Maxwell equations.
A high-frequency boundary element method for scattering by a class of multiple obstacles
Authors: Gibbs Andrew , Chandler-Wilde Simon N , Langdon Stephen , Moiola Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We propose a boundary element method for problems of time-harmonic acoustic scattering by multiple obstacles in two dimensions, at least one of which is a convex polygon. By combining a hybrid numerical-asymptotic (HNA) approximation space on the convex polygon with standard polynomial-based approximation spaces on each of the other obstacles, we show that the number of degrees of freedom required in the HNA space to maintain a given accuracy needs to grow only logarithmically with respect to the frequency, as opposed to the (at least) linear growth required by standard polynomial-based schemes. This method is thus most effective when the convex polygon is many wavelengths in diameter and the small obstacles have a combined perimeter comparable to the problem wavelength.
Measles Virus Infects and Programs MAIT Cells for Apoptosis
Authors: Rudak Patrick T , Yao Tony , Richardson Christopher D , Haeryfar S M Mansour 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) binds, infects, and kills CD150+ memory T cells, leading to immune amnesia. Whether MeV targets innate, memory-like T cells is unknown. We demonstrate that human peripheral blood and hepatic mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and invariant natural killer T cells express surprisingly high levels of CD150, more than other lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, exposing MAIT cells to MeV results in their efficient infection and rapid apoptosis. This constitutes the first report of direct MAIT cell infection by a viral pathogen. Given MAIT cells’ antimicrobial properties, their elimination by MeV may contribute to measles-induced immunosuppression and heightened vulnerability to unrelated infections.
Forum: Militarization 2.0: Communication and the Normalization of Political Violence in the Digital Age
Authors: Jackson Susan T , Crilley Rhys , Manor Ilan , Baker Catherine , Oshikoya Modupe , Joachim Jutta , Robinson Nick , Schneiker Andrea , Grove Nicole Sunday , Enloe Cynthia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractScholars of international relations frequently explore how states normalize the use of military force through processes of militarization, yet few have analyzed how new information and communication technologies impact on these processes. The essays in this forum address this gap, and consider the political significance of new technologies, new actors, and new practices that shape “Militarization 2.0” and normalize political violence in the digital age. The authors in this forum rely, to varying degrees, on common militarized tropes and dichotomies (such as authenticity, belonging, and (de)humanizing framings) that are key to militarization, including those devices that rest on gender, race/ethnicity, and heteronormativity. Moving beyond a military-centered approach to militarization, the authors’ questions cover ministries of foreign affairs; the embodied performances of celebrity leaders and insurgency groups; arms producers, the military video game industry, and private military and security companies; and violence entrepreneurs. The forum closes with reflections from Cynthia Enloe.
Inducible biosynthesis and immune function of the systemic acquired resistance inducer N-hydroxypipecolic acid in monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants
Authors: Schnake Anika , Hartmann Michael , Schreiber Stefan , Malik Jana , Brahmann Lisa , Yildiz Ipek , von Dahlen Janina , Rose Laura E , Schaffrath Ulrich , Zeier Jürgen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recent work has provided evidence for the occurrence of N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) in Arabidopsis thaliana, characterized its pathogen-inducible biosynthesis by a three-step metabolic sequence from l-lysine, and established a central role for NHP in the regulation of systemic acquired resistance. Here, we show that NHP is biosynthesized in several other plant species in response to microbial attack, generally together with its direct metabolic precursor pipecolic acid and the phenolic immune signal salicylic acid. For example, NHP accumulates locally in inoculated leaves and systemically in distant leaves of cucumber in response to Pseudomonas syringae attack, in Pseudomonas-challenged tobacco and soybean leaves, in tomato inoculated with the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, in leaves of the monocot Brachypodium distachyon infected with bacterial (Xanthomonas translucens) and fungal (Magnaporthe oryzae) pathogens, and in M. oryzae-inoculated barley. Notably, resistance assays indicate that NHP acts as a potent inducer of acquired resistance to bacterial and fungal infection in distinct monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Pronounced systemic accumulation of NHP in leaf phloem sap of locally inoculated cucumber supports a function for NHP as a phloem-mobile immune signal. Our study thus generalizes the existence and function of an NHP resistance pathway in plant systemic acquired resistance.
Reactive Law or Conservative Law? The Reform of Divorce Procedure in China
Authors: Shi Lei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A marriage can be terminated in two ways in China, by registration or by litigation. Recently, China’s crude divorce rate has been gradually rising. Reforms are being carried out by the judiciary by introducing more supportive measures in divorce litigation. The legislature is writing drafts of the marriage and family part in the Civil Code. In the third draft, proposed articles would change the law on divorce slightly. These reforms reflect some trends in the development of Chinese family law. With respect to some debates on these reforms, the author suggests there could be a better way to draw up drafts. At the level of the judiciary, the present family justice reform has its advantages, and this bottom-up reform should be adhered to.
Neurosurgical Choice for Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia: A Benefit–Harm Assessment of Long-Term Quality of Life
Authors: Du Tao , Ni Bing , Shu Wei , Hu Yongsheng , Zhu Hongwei , Li Yongjie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression (MVD) and vagoglossopharyngeal rhizotomy (VGR) are effective treatment for glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN). However, surgical choice is controversial due to the need to maximize pain relief and reduce complications.

OBJECTIVE
To retrospectively compare safety, efficacy, long-term quality of life (QOL), and global impression of change following MVD and VGR for treatment of GN.

METHODS
Patient database reviews and telephone surveys were conducted to assess baseline characteristics and long-term outcomes. The effects of pain and complications on QOL were assessed using Brief Pain Inventory-Facial (BPI-Facial) questionnaire. Complication tolerance and surgery satisfaction were sorted using the global impression of change survey.

RESULTS
Of 87 patients with GN, 63 underwent MVD alone, 20 underwent VGR alone, and 4 underwent VGR following a failed MVD. The long-term rate of pain relief was slightly, but not significantly, lower following MVD than VGR (83.6% vs 91.7%, P = .528). However, long-term complications occurred much more frequently following VGR (3.0% vs 50.0%, P < .001). The BPI-Facial, which evaluates pain and complications, showed that MVD had better postoperative QOL than VGR (P < .001). However, 91.7% of patients who underwent VGR experienced no or mild complications. There was no significant difference in the overall satisfaction rates between the groups (83.3% vs 83.6%, P > .99).

CONCLUSION
Although VGR resulted in lower postoperative QOL due to a high complication rate, most of these complications were mild. The overall satisfaction rates for the 2 surgeries were similar.
Low Detection Rate of Bordetella pertussis Using the BioFire FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2plus
Authors: Guillot Sophie , Mizrahi Assaf , Armatys Nathalie , Chat Laureen , Le Monnier Alban , Brisse Sylvain , Toubiana Julie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSyndromic respiratory panels are increasingly used worldwide. Their performance for detection of Bordetella pertussis needs to be evaluated. We found that the FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2plus (RP2+) assay, which uses the pertussis toxin promoter target for B. pertussis, can only detect highly charged samples. Negative RP2+ results should not be interpreted as an absence of B. pertussis in clinical samples.
Impact of Infectious Disease Consultation in Patients With Candidemia: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Literature Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kobayashi Takaaki , Marra Alexandre R , Schweizer Marin L , Ten Eyck Patrick , Wu Chaorong , Alzunitan Mohammed , Salinas Jorge L , Siegel Marc , Farmakiotis Dimitrios , Auwaerter Paul G , Healy Heather S , Diekema Daniel J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Morbidity and mortality from candidemia remain unacceptably high. While infectious disease consultation (IDC) is known to lower the mortality from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, little is known about the impact of IDC in candidemia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of candidemia patients at a large tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2019. The crude mortality rate was compared between those with IDC and without IDC. Then, we systematically searched 5 databases through February 2020 and performed a meta-analysis of the impact of IDC on the mortality of patients with candidemia.

Results
A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria, 129 (85%) of whom received IDC. Thirty-day and 90-day mortality rates were significantly lower in the IDC group (18% vs 50%; P = .002; 23% vs 50%; P = .0022, respectively). A systematic literature review returned 216 reports, of which 13 studies including the present report fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among the 13 studies with a total of 3582 patients, IDC was performed in 50% of patients. Overall mortality was 38.2% with a significant difference in favor of the IDC group (28.4% vs 47.6%), with a pooled relative risk of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.35–0.49). Ophthalmology referral, echocardiogram, and central line removal were performed more frequently among patients receiving IDC.

Conclusions
This study is the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between IDC and candidemia mortality. IDC was associated with significantly lower mortality and should be considered in all patients with candidemia.
Understanding microcystin-LR antibody binding interactions using in silico docking and in vitro mutagenesis
Authors: McPartlin Daniel A , Murphy Caroline , Fitzgerald Jenny , Ma Hui , Regan Fiona , O’Kennedy Richard J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are a group of highly potent cyanotoxins that are becoming more widely distributed due to increased global temperatures and climate change. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) is the most potent and most common variant, with a guideline limit of 1 μg/l in drinking water. We previously developed a novel avian single-chain fragment variable (scFv), designated 2G1, for use in an optical-planar waveguide detection system for microcystin determination. This current work investigates interactions between 2G1 and MC-LR at the molecular level through modelling with an avian antibody template and molecular docking by AutoDock Vina to identify key amino acid (AA) residues involved. These potential AA interactions were investigated in vitro by targeted mutagenesis, specifically, by alanine scanning mutations. Glutamic acid (E) was found to play a critical role in the 2G1-MC-LR binding interaction, with the heavy chain glutamic acid (E) 102 (H-E102) forming direct bonds with the arginine (R) residue of MC-LR. In addition, alanine mutation of light chain residue aspartic acid 57 (L-D57) led to an improvement in antigen-binding observed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This work will contribute to improving the binding of recombinant anti-MC-LR to its antigen and aid in the development of a higher sensitivity harmful algal toxin diagnostic.
Fear-induced increases in loss aversion are linked to increased neural negative-value coding
Authors: Schulreich Stefan , Gerhardt Holger , Meshi Dar , Heekeren Hauke R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Human decisions are often influenced by emotions. An economically relevant example is the role of fear in generating loss aversion. Previous research implicates the amygdala as a key brain structure in the experience of fear and loss aversion. The neural mechanism behind emotional influences on loss aversion is, however, unclear. To address this, we measured brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while participants made decisions about monetary gambles after viewing fearful or neutral faces. We observed that loss aversion following the presentation of neutral faces was mainly predicted by greater deactivations for prospective losses (relative to activations for prospective gains) in several brain regions, including the amygdala. By contrast, increases in loss aversion following the presentation of fearful faces were mainly predicted by greater activations for prospective losses. These findings suggest a fear-induced shift from positive to negative value coding that reflects a context-dependent involvement of distinct valuation processes.
Anterior vs Posterior Hippocampal Subfields in an Extended Psychosis Phenotype of Multidimensional Schizotypy in a Nonclinical Sample
Authors: Sahakyan Lili , Meller Tina , Evermann Ulrika , Schmitt Simon , Pfarr Julia-Katharina , Sommer Jens , Kwapil Thomas R , Nenadić Igor 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have implicated involvement of the hippocampus in the etiology and expression of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology, and reduced hippocampal volume is one of the most robust brain abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. Recent studies indicate that early stages of schizophrenia are specifically characterized by reductions in anterior hippocampal volume; however, studies have not examined hippocampal volume reductions in subclinical schizotypy. The present study was the first to examine the associations of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions with hippocampal subfield volumes in a large sample (n = 195) of nonclinically ascertained young adults, phenotyped using the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). Hippocampal subfields were analyzed from high-resolution 3 Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging scans testing anatomical models, including anterior vs posterior regions and the cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), and subiculum subfields separately for the left and right hemispheres. We demonstrate differential spatial effects across anterior vs posterior hippocampus segments across different dimensions of the schizotypy risk phenotype. The interaction of negative and disorganized schizotypy robustly predicted left hemisphere volumetric reductions for the anterior and total hippocampus, and anterior CA and DG, and the largest reductions were seen in participants high in negative and disorganized schizotypy. These findings extend previous early psychosis studies and together with behavioral studies of hippocampal-related memory impairments provide the basis for a dimensional neurobiological hippocampal model of schizophrenia risk. Subtle hippocampal subfield volume reductions may be prevalent prior to the onset of detectable prodromal clinical symptoms of psychosis and play a role in the etiology and development of such conditions.
Counteracting Challenges to Gender Equality in the Era of Anti-Gender Campaigns: Competing Gender Knowledges and Affective Solidarity
Authors: Korolczuk Elżbieta 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the epistemic strategies employed by ultraconservative movements to oppose women’s reproductive rights and the ways in which the women’s movement counteracts these efforts. The core argument is that nowadays the opponents of gender equality and sexual democracy are seeking not only political but also epistemic power, producing a new body of gender knowledge. A detailed analysis of the struggles around the 2016 Stop Abortion bill in Poland shows, however, that the women’s movement can counteract these challenges by mobilizing not only medical and legal expertise, but also tacit knowledge and affects.