bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome and molecular analysis of young children with choroid plexus carcinoma treated with non-myeloablative therapy: results from the SJYC07 trial
Authors: Liu Anthony P Y , Wu Gang , Orr Brent A , Lin Tong , Ashford Jason M , Bass Johnnie K , Bowers Daniel C , Hassall Tim , Fisher Paul G , Indelicato Daniel J , Klimo Paul , Boop Frederick , Conklin Heather , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Merchant Thomas E , Ellison David W , Gajjar Amar , Robinson Giles W 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is a rare and aggressive tumor of infancy without a clear treatment strategy. This study describes the outcomes of children with CPC treated on the multi-institutional phase 2 SJYC07 trial and reports on the significance of clinical and molecular characteristics.

Methods
Eligible children &lt;3 years-old with CPC were postoperatively stratified to intermediate-risk (IR) stratum if disease was localized or high-risk (HR) stratum, if metastatic. All received high-dose methotrexate–containing induction chemotherapy. IR-stratum patients received focal irradiation as consolidation whereas HR-stratum patients received additional chemotherapy. Consolidation was followed by oral antiangiogenic maintenance regimen. Survival rates and potential prognostic factors were analyzed.

Results
Thirteen patients (median age: 1.41 years, range: 0.21–2.93) were enrolled; 5 IR, 8 HR. Gross-total resection or near-total resection was achieved in ten patients and subtotal resection in 3. Seven patients had TP53-mutant tumors, including 4 who were germline carriers. Five patients experienced progression and died of disease; 8 (including 5 HR) are alive without progression. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were 61.5 ± 13.5% and 68.4 ± 13.1%. Patients with TP53-wild-type tumors had a 5-year PFS of 100% as compared to 28.6 ± 17.1% for TP53-mutant tumors (P = .012). Extent of resection, metastatic status, and use of radiation therapy were not significantly associated with survival.

Conclusions
Non-myeloablative high-dose methotrexate–containing therapy with maximal surgical resection resulted in long-term PFS in more than half of patients with CPC. TP53-mutational status was the only significant prognostic variable and should form the basis of risk-stratification in future trials.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Status in Decedents Undergoing Forensic Postmortem Examination in Maryland, May 24 to June 30, 2020
Authors: Althoff Keri N , Laeyendecker Oliver , Li Rong , Coburn Sally B , Klock Ethan , Baker Owen R , Quinn Thomas C , Michael Jeffrey , Shields Wendy C , Ehsani Johnathon , Thomas F Dennis , Graham Lindsey A , Ali Zabiullah , Manabe Yukari C , Li Ling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies was 10% among the subset of decedents undergoing forensic postmortem examination in June in Maryland. Decedents of motor vehicle crashes had similar seroprevalence compared with those with a natural death (including decedents with SARS-CoV-2 infection). Decedents of motor vehicle crashes may be a sentinel surveillance population.
Minimal Population Prevalence and Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Healthcare Personnel
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Bellino Pamela , Samano Jazmin G , Strymish Judith , O’Brien William , Sprague Robert S , Charness Michael E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among 3926 healthcare personnel in a multisite healthcare system, the minimal population prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was 4.4% (bootstrap 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%–5.0%), and the infection fatality rate was 0.6% (bootstrap 95% CI, 0.0%–1.7%). Rates reflected both local community prevalence and hospital exposures but not specifically exposure on COVID-19 units.
Japan and Economic Regionalism in Asia
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidetaka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines Japan’s commitments to economic regionalism to address two research questions: How has Japan committed to the development of regional institutions for managing economic affairs, and what factors have driven Japan to make commitments to economic regionalism in Asia? Japan has maintained an important status in developing regional institutions through commitments to the development of APEC, functional institutions under the ASEAN+3, and regional institutions for infrastructure investment. In such commitments, great power transition in the form of the rise of China and the waning of the United States constituted a crucial factor that encouraged Japan to adopt positive engagements. The Abe administration implemented measures for economic regionalism as responses to business interests, and dampened opposition from societal and political circles under the Kantei-centered policymaking system. Significantly, the Abe administration reformulated external economic policies by embedding them into a new diplomatic frame of proactive contribution to peace.
Humanitarian Operations and Supply Chain Management
Authors: Wagner Stephan M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The need for humanitarian assistance is documented in the news on a daily basis. Functioning supply chains are a critical factor in providing disaster relief and humanitarian aid to people in need. Therefore, the humanitarian sector has developed organizations, processes, procedures, and tools that support the specific situation facing this sector, which is in several ways different from a commercial setting. This chapter discusses some challenges of humanitarian operations and supply chain management (HumOSCM) for humanitarian assistance, provides an overview, and lays out some good practices and recent developments of HumOSCM. Better scholarship and practice of HumOSCM will contribute to solving grand challenges as conveyed in the Sustainable Development Goals.
Political Ideologies in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Browers Michaelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This review of research on political ideologies in the Middle East and North Africa analyzes both historical connections among ideological traditions and the conceptual particularities of and variations among the development of some of the main ideologies in the region over time. The author critically engages some of the predominant narratives about the course of ideological thinking in the region, including varying accounts about its onset and sources and debates over whether it has ended and, if so, the character of what has followed. Methods proposed for studying regional ideologies and scholarship that employs conceptions of non-ideological movements and ideologies as dispositions or everyday practices are also examined.
Labor Migration to the Persian Gulf Monarchies
Authors: Babar Zahra R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The six oil monarchies of the Persian Gulf together form one of the most concentrated global sites of international labor migration, with some of the highest densities of non-citizens to citizens seen anywhere in the world. A somewhat unique feature of the region is that while it hosts millions of migrants, it allows almost no access to permanent settlement. Gulf states have hosted large cohorts of migrants for more than half a century but have done so without efforts toward formal integration through citizenship. Although labor migration as a phenomenon is both permanent and prominent, the Gulf states’ mechanism for governing migration systematically reinforces the temporariness and transience of their migrant populations.
LGBTQI Rights in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Tolino Serena 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of LGBTQI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, queer, intersexual) rights in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, focusing in particular on three case studies: Egypt, Lebanon, and Tunisia. After a general introduction on LGBTQI rights in the MENA region, the chapter addresses the issue of Islamic law and homosexuality. It then focuses on anti-homosexuality laws in these three countries, their history and their implementation, showing how each country has a different approach to homosexuality. The Lebanese Penal Code, for example, has an article criminalizing “any sexual act against nature,” while the Tunisian Penal Code has an article criminalizing liwat (sodomy) and sihaq (tribadism). The Egyptian Penal Code does not criminalize specifically homosexuality. However, a law against “male prostitution” is applied to punish gay men. Finally, the chapter looks at LGBTQI organizations in these three countries.
The New Islamic State
Authors: Khosrokhavar Farhad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The creation of the Islamic State in Iraq and Sham (ISIS) changed the nature of jihadism worldwide. For a few years (2014–2017) it exemplified the destructive capacity of jihadism and created a new utopia aimed at restoring the past greatness and glory of the former caliphate. It also attracted tens of thousands of young wannabe combatants of faith (mujahids, those who make jihad) toward Syria and Iraq from more than 100 countries. Its utopia was dual: not only re-creating the caliphate that would spread Islam all over the world but also creating a cohesive, imagined community (the neo-umma) that would restore patriarchal family and put an end to the crisis of modern society through an inflexible interpretation of shari‘a (Islamic laws and commandments). To achieve these goals, ISIS diversified its approach. It focused, in the West, on the rancor of the Muslim migrants’ sons and daughters, on exoticism, and on an imaginary dream world and, in the Middle East, on tribes and the Sunni/Shi‘a divide, particularly in the Iraqi and Syrian societies.
Colonialism in the Region
Authors: LeVine Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter offers a decolonial historical sociology of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), one focused on the historical as well as contemporary colonialities of power as a core discourse of governance across the region. After critiquing research grounded on subaltern and postcolonial studies for failing to capture the colonial dynamics operating in post-independence political systems across the MENA, the author explores how Timothy Mitchell’s seminal analysis of the state as an discursive effect of power relations, as well as the present-day relevance of the idea of ahl al-hall wa-l-‘aqd (“those who have binding authority”) in traditional Islamic jurisprudence, can together promote a more perceptive and illuminating discussion of the dynamics of political power across the region.
Ezekiel and Israelite Literary Traditions
Authors: Callender Dexter E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues, following Pickering’s notion of material agency, that literary devices are material agents, with which humans collaborate. This accords with the traditum–traditio distinction employed by Fishbane, a dialectic in which tradents seek to appropriate divine authority and power in managing the vital significance of tradition. The chapter applies this model initially to Ezekiel’s image of “not good” laws given by Yahweh, suggesting that the prophet and his editors present these laws as emblematic of an ongoing dialectic they perceived in the management of the Israelite traditum, the community’s complement of devices for living successfully. The chapter argues that the array of scholarly interpretations of the laws supports this assessment and provides an optic for considering the relationship of the entire book to the Israelite traditum and the ways scholarship has engaged it. These include questions regarding non-native ‘foreign’ elements; genre and design features; literary variants; and the adaptation of existing material.
How States Fund Education
Authors: Srikanth Ajay , Atzbi Michael , Baker Bruce D. , Weber Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the United States, the vast majority of funding for K–12 education is provided through state and local governments to school districts. Throughout history, school districts have remained highly segregated both by income/wealth and by race, leading to reduced levels of funding available for higher need districts compared to wealthier districts. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze funding disparities within states and to determine differences between states with respect to funding equity. First, the chapter begins with a discussion of the sources of revenue for education at the state and local levels. Second, it explains the purpose and design of state aid formulas to reduce funding disparities between districts. Third, using data from the School Finance Indicators Database, the chapter calculates funding effort and progressivity indices for each state. Fourth, it provides case studies on two states with more progressive and less progressive funding, New Jersey and Illinois. Finally, the chapter concludes with policy recommendations on how states can improve their school finance systems to provide adequate levels of funding for higher need districts.
Fraud and Abuse Law in the United States
Authors: Krause Joan H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on healthcare fraud, which remains a significant problem in the United States despite years of increased fraud enforcement. It describes the US federal government's anti–fraud activities, which include expanding the range and severity of laws targeting healthcare fraud. It also points out the role played by the United States' lack of a centralized, universal program of health insurance, which causes healthcare to be paid for by a variety of public, private, and hybrid sources. This chapter mentions the strategy of capitation as the strictest mechanism for managing care, in which a primary care physician receives a fixed per–patient payment in return for meeting the patient's healthcare needs during a set period of time. It also looks at changes made to Medicare reimbursement under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) that reward providers for the “value” rather than the volume of services provided.
Reimagining Intersectionality and Social Exclusion in South Africa
Authors: Kubeka Khosi M. , Rama Sharmla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Combining the theories of intersectionality and social exclusion holds the potential for structural and nuanced interpretations of the workings of power, taking systemic issues seriously but interpreting them though social relations that appear in local contexts. An intersectional analysis of social exclusion demonstrates to what extent multiple axes of social division—be they race, age, gender, class, disability or citizenship—intersect to result in unequal and disparate experiences for groups of youth spatially located in particular communities and neighborhoods. A common reference point is therefore power and how it manifests at the intersection of the local and global. A South African case study is used to explore the subjective measures and qualitative experiences of intersectionality and social exclusion further. The unique ways that language intersects with space, neighborhood, and race in the South African context, enables opportunities in education and the labor market, with profound implications for forms of social exclusion.
Mapping Social Change through Youth Perspectives on Homosexuality in India
Authors: D’silva Keshia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Social representations theory (SRT) is considered a theory of social change, accounting for democratic transformations in knowledge. However, its applicability in the Global South, where there is a long history of subjugation, has not been sufficiently explored. This essay integrates the contributions of postcolonial theorists with the tools of SRT to track changes in knowledge structures among Southern youth. In doing so, it shows the limits imposed by an enduring colonial legacy and modern cultural imperialism on Southern youths’ ability to challenge hegemonic representations on their own terms. This is further illustrated by a case study on youth perspectives on homosexuality in India which utilizes data from interviews conducted in Bengaluru with three generations of middle-class families representing India’s three major religions. While the youth accepted homosexuality, elders displayed their resistance. Yet tolerance was perceived as a Western import, revealing an East-West divide in understandings of homosexuality.
Gender and Sexuality in Australian Politics
Authors: van Acker Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines two examples of how gender and sexuality interact with politics in Australia, highlighting the consequences of the political resilience of masculinity. First, women have not accomplished equal representation in parliament. Indeed, it was not until 1943 that one woman entered the House of Representatives and another entered the Senate, and it was not until 2010 that a woman became prime minister—and that was under controversial circumstances. Second, gays and lesbians have fought over a long period for equality which was evident in the same-sex marriage conflict. Religious, cultural, and social norms and the regulation of individual sexuality have sent powerful messages about the meaning of marriage which are entwined with prejudices, complexities, and contradictions.
Indigenous–Settler Relationships
Authors: Strakosch Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues that the relationship between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous societies in Australia is complex and conflictual, and that the nature of that relationship is itself a site of conflict. It identifies and elaborates the dominant ways of understanding the relationship in the Australian context: policy, rights, nation-building, and sovereignty. Different registers have been more influential at different times, but all have been present throughout the history of Indigenous–state interactions. While the policy register is dominant in academic and public discourse, this chapter suggests that viewing the relationship in terms of sovereign political orders is more useful.
The Demographics of Meditation in the United States
Authors: Hackett Conrad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter describes which U.S. groups report meditating frequently. While there is little cross-national data available to analyze demographic characteristics associated with meditation, Pew Research Center’s nationally representative 2014 Religious Landscape Study (RLS) asked more than 35,000 U.S. adults, “How often do you meditate? Would you say at least once a week, once or twice a month, several times a year, seldom, or never?” Americans tend to say they meditate regularly (40 percent do so at least weekly) or rarely, if at all (45 percent seldom or never do). There’s not much middle ground—only 8 percent say they meditate once or twice a month and only 4 percent say they do so several times a year. The Americans most likely to report high frequency of meditation—Jehovah’s Witnesses, older Americans, Black Americans, poorer Americans, and political conservatives—diverge from stereotypes about frequent practitioners of meditation.
Book Audio
Authors: Rubery Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Audiobooks can do more than reproduce printed books. Whereas the book requires audiences to construct the narrative in their minds from a set of visual cues, the audiobook supplies a sonic dimension muted on the page. The use of sound is sometimes perceived as a shortcoming since it allegedly diminishes the imaginative labor of fiction. Yet focusing on deficits alone neglects those instances in which the addition of sound effects might be said to enhance the reading experience. This chapter examines recordings that take advantage of the audiobook’s affordances in order to go beyond simply replicating print. The “audio” in “audiobook” stands for more than just speech, after all. What happens when publishers experiment with sound in order to create “book audio” instead of audiobooks—that is, recordings whose soundtracks go beyond the verbal description of sounds by using actual sounds?
Turk’s-Head Knots
Authors: Gillespie Alexandra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter begins by discussing the often-remarked connection between textual and textile technologies, before focusing on a style of knot called a “Turk’s-head” knot by modern codicologists, and commonly found on medieval book fastenings and girdle book chemises. The codicologists’ term has evaded scrutiny, I suggest, because the image—of a Moorish head hanging from the hand or belt of a premodern European reader—fits Western thought about books a little too well. The legacies of violence and conquest latent in the term “Turk’s-head” knot are latent in Western histories of the book, where they form the overlooked background for endless, triumphalist narratives about the “rise of the West.” My chapter tries to reorient these narratives by demonstrating that knot work found in and on medieval European books is closely tied to many other cultures’ bookbinding practices. Such books can be resituated, by way of their knots, in a global network for the exchange of text technologies in the premodern period.
Transatlantic Traffic
Authors: Rezek Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the eighteenth-century transatlantic traffic in books by analyzing one extraordinary letter by Phillis Wheatley. Written in Boston on 18 October 1773, and addressed to David Wooster, in New Haven, the letter enlists Wooster’s help selling copies of Wheatley’s book, “Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral,” describes Wheatley’s manumission from slavery, and mentions a number of books Wheatley acquired during her recent trip to London, including Paradise Lost, Alexander Pope’s complete Works, and Don Quixote. Many of the books Wheatley mentions have survived with her signed inscriptions. An examination of those particular books and the letter that describes them provides a rich understanding of Wheatley’s relationship to books as a reader and published author, an enslaved and freed person, and a literary celebrity. In emphasizing the intimacy of transatlantic traffic, Wheatley’s letter suggests printed books remain “unfinished” until they change hands from one person to another.
Derrida’s Unfinished Book
Authors: Fleming Juliet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter draws from the provocations of Derrida’s thought to undo heuristic assumptions (including some of Derrida’s own) about what constitutes a book. From the beginning of his career, Derrida resisted the idea of the book, which he regarded as a powerful metaphor of, and technology for, gathering things together. But in fact the book has never been a certain bulwark against the dissipative, fissiparous effects of writing. In the broadened sense Derrida gives the term, writing is that which happens. The book can then be said to be an adapted environment: not a shelter, however brief, from history but, on the contrary, a point of its uncontrolled accretion and acceleration. For Derrida’s most provocative thoughts on the nature of the book we will in the future need to look to his dispersed and extended work on questions of the archive.