bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadband Radiative Cooling and Decoration for Passively Dissipated Portable Electronic Devices by Aperiodic Photonic Multilayers
Authors: Wu Jiaye , Chen Yuxuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBroadband radiative cooling and decoration for passively dissipated portable electronic devices by an aperiodic photonic multilayer structure is proposed theoretically. The designed optical structure can strongly emit in the infrared region from 6.9 to 40 µm within the blackbody radiation spectrum of electronic devices. Its emission spectrum exhibits good uniformity across different incident angles, enhancing the cooling performance. At an ambient temperature of 20 °C, the designed broadband radiative cooler can produce a net cooling power of 46.88 W m−2, 65.95% higher than pure silica of the same thickness. At a typical junction temperature of 90 °C allowed by the microprocessor die, the net cooling power reaches 239.55 W m−2, still with an 18.21% improvement over pure silica glass. In the visible regime, the designed structure displays a low uniformity in the reflection spectrum, producing an elegant color shift from the translucent gray color of normal direction to the silver and highly reflective look at a grazing angle. These results can be useful in future exterior and thermal designs of portable electronic devices.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Carboxamides and Lactams for α‐Branched Amine Synthesis
Authors: Ong Derek Yiren , Fan Dongyang , Dixon Darren J. , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of α‐branched amines by reductive functionalization of tertiary carboxamides and lactams is described. The process relies on the efficient and controlled reduction of tertiary amides by a sodium hydride/sodium iodide composite, in situ treatment of the resulting anionic hemiaminal with trimethylsilyl chloride and subsequent coupling with nucleophilic reagents including Grignard reagents and tetrabutylammonium cyanide. The new method exhibits broad functional‐group compatibility, operates under transition‐metal‐free reaction conditions, and is suitable for various synthetic applications on both sub‐millimole and on multigram scales.
Ein neutrales 1,4‐Diborabenzol als π‐Ligand in Actinoidkomplexen
Authors: Paprocki Valerie , Hrobárik Peter , Harriman Katie L. M. , Luff Martin S. , Kupfer Thomas , Kaupp Martin , Murugesu Muralee , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDie π‐Koordination von Aren‐ und anionischen Heteroarenliganden ist ein allgegenwärtiges Strukturmotiv in der metallorganischen Chemie der d‐ und f‐Block‐Elemente. Im Gegensatz dazu sind vergleichbare π‐Wechselwirkungen neutraler Heteroarene, darunter auch solche neutraler, aromatischer Borheterocyclen, für den f‐Block weit weniger verbreitet, was z. T. mit einer geringeren Effektivität der Metall‐zu‐Ligand‐Rückbindung in Zusammenhang gebracht werden kann. Für die Actinoide sind π‐Komplexe mit neutralen Heteroarenliganden sogar gänzlich unbekannt. Durch Ausnutzung der außergewöhnlichen π‐Donorstärke eines 1,4‐Diborabenzols ist es uns nun gelungen, eine Reihe stabiler π‐Halbsandwichkomplexe des Thoriums(IV) und des Urans(IV) über einen erstaunlich einfachen Zugang zu generieren: Umsetzung eines 1,4‐Diborabenzols mit ThCl4(dme)2 bzw. UCl4 in Gegenwart einer Lewis‐Base. Hierdurch konnten die ersten Beispiele für Actinoidkomplexe mit einem neutralen Borheterocyclus als Sandwich‐artigem Liganden erhalten werden. Laut experimentellen und theoretischen Studien ist die starke Actinoid‐Heteroaren‐Wechselwirkung in diesen Molekülen im Wesentlichen von elektrostatischer Natur. Der kovalente Hauptbeitrag wird hingegen von der Ligand‐zu‐Metall‐π‐Wechselwirkung geleistet, während π/δ‐Rückbindungsanteile kaum eine Rolle spielen.
Stable Actinide π Complexes of a Neutral 1,4‐Diborabenzene
Authors: Paprocki Valerie , Hrobárik Peter , Harriman Katie L. M. , Luff Martin S. , Kupfer Thomas , Kaupp Martin , Murugesu Muralee , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe π coordination of arene and anionic heteroarene ligands is a ubiquitous bonding motif in the organometallic chemistry of d‐block and f‐block elements. By contrast, related π interactions of neutral heteroarenes including neutral bora‐π‐aromatics are less prevalent particularly for the f‐block, due to less effective metal‐to‐ligand backbonding. In fact, π complexes with neutral heteroarene ligands are essentially unknown for the actinides. We have now overcome these limitations by exploiting the exceptionally strong π donor capabilities of a neutral 1,4‐diborabenzene. A series of remarkably robust, π‐coordinated thorium(IV) and uranium(IV) half‐sandwich complexes were synthesized by simply combining the bora‐π‐aromatic with ThCl4(dme)2 or UCl4, representing the first examples of actinide complexes with a neutral boracycle as sandwich‐type ligand. Experimental and computational studies showed that the strong actinide–heteroarene interactions are predominately electrostatic in nature with distinct ligand‐to‐metal π donation and without significant π/δ backbonding contributions.
A heatproof electrospun PES/PVDF composite membrane as an advanced separator for lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Cui Weiwei , Shi Lina , Song Wei , Wang Xu , Lin Zeyu , Deng Wei , Ma Yingyi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, the physicochemical properties of a novel composite fibrous membrane, based on a mixture of poly(aryl ether sulfone) (PES) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), as separators for lithium‐ion batteries are reported and discussed. Compared with the pure PVDF fibrous membrane, the introduction of PES can decrease the PVDF crystallinity while increasing the proportion of α‐phase. Meanwhile, the initial thermal decomposition temperature is enhanced by 24°C. Heat shrinkage tests and thermomechanical analyzers indicate the composite membrane has significantly improved thermal‐dimensional stability. The shrinkage rate of the composite membrane after heat‐treated at 180°C for 2 hr is only 4.8%, which is far below the Celgard separator (82%) and the pure PVDF fibrous membrane (75%). The composite membrane with excellent wettability demonstrates a high ionic conductivity (1.69 × 10−3S cm−1) at room temperature as well as high electrolyte uptake (595%). The cells assembled with the composite membrane exhibit more stable cycle performance, capacity retention, and C‐rate capability than that with polyolefin separator. These results suggest that PES/PVDF composite fibrous membrane is an effective separator for high‐performance Lithium‐ion batteries.
Bright solid‐state luminescence of green‐red tunable CdTe@BaCO3 composite: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Wu Yiwu , Sun Zishan , Ye Tong , Zhang Xinguo , Yu Bangwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRealizing efficient solid‐state luminescence is of great important to expand quantum dots (QDs) application fields. This work reports the preparation of CdTe@BaCO3 composite by a one‐pot precipitation method. Both steady‐state PL and PL decay characteristics in either solid‐state or colloid solution show no obvious difference, mainly benefited from the effective protection of BaCO3 on QDs from the external environment. By utilizing green and red CdTe QDs as dual‐color emission centers, precise emitting‐color control from green (0.312, 0.667) to red (0.691, 0.292) could be achieved in CdTe@BaCO3 composite by adjusting volume ratio of CdTe solution precursor. Our results demonstrate that this composite material shows bright solid‐state luminescence and facile adjustment of the emitting color in QDs‐based composite is feasible, which could offer new path to design color‐tunable luminescent materials for future optoelectronic applications.
Associations between seeking help from indigenous healers and symptoms of depression versus psychosis in the African diaspora of the United States
Authors: Whaley Arthur L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe assumption that indigenous healing systems are the solution to global disparities in mental health outcomes is predicated on the notion that they contribute to positive mental health functioning among persons of colour.MethodsThe current study applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to the association between seeking help from indigenous healers and psychotic versus depressive symptoms among African American and African Caribbean respondents to the National Survey of American Life.ResultsSEM analyses revealed a positive correlation between latent constructs for indigenous help‐seeking and psychotic symptoms, but a negative association with depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe current findings are consistent with the view that seeking help from indigenous healers can have a positive role in the mental health functioning of persons with less severe mental health problems in the African diaspora of the United States. It is concluded that openness to discuss indigenous healing practices in the context of Western counselling and psychotherapy facilitates cultural competence.
Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Tin Oxides Supported Iridium Catalysts: Do We Need Dopants?
Authors: da Silva Gabriel C. , Venturini Seiti I. , Zhang Siyuan , Löffler Mario , Scheu Christina , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Ticianelli Edson A. , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractApplication of oxide supports is considered as a viable approach to decrease iridium loading in oxygen evolution reaction catalysis in acid electrolyte. While the most of the promising oxides are poor conductors, the need for doping is typically taken as granted, and a representative example is tin dioxide. There are still, however, serious concerns on the feasibility of this approach as we lack consensus on any activity gain by using such oxides, while doubts on stability are numerous. In this work, a set of catalyst/support combinations including two catalysts, viz. hydrous (IrOx) and rutile (IrO2) iridium oxides, and four supports, viz. SnO2 and Sb‐ (ATO), F‐ (FTO), and In‐doped (ITO) SnO2, are synthesized and characterized by a selection of complementary experimental techniques including rotating disk electrode and on‐line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It is found that the electrochemical activity in acid media of supported Ir catalysts is essentially the same, independent on presence or absence of dopants. Sb and In dopants are shown to be unstable and cause an increased dissolution of Sn. Besides, the degradation of the doped supports results in destabilization of iridium oxides. These results raise doubts on the real need for the use of dopants in SnO2‐based catalyst supports for electrochemical water splitting.
A Mechanistic Dichotomy in Two‐Electron Reduction of Dioxygen Catalyzed by N,N’‐Dimethylated Porphyrin Isomers
Authors: Suzuki Wataru , Kotani Hiroaki , Ishizuka Tomoya , Kojima Takahiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSelective two‐electron reduction of dioxygen (O2) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been achieved by two saddle‐distorted N,N’‐dimethylated porphyrin isomers, an N21,N’22‐dimethylated porphyrin (anti‐Me2P) and an N21,N’23‐dimethylated porphyrin (syn‐Me2P) as catalysts and ferrocene derivatives as electron donors in the presence of protic acids in acetonitrile. The higher catalytic performance in an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was achieved by anti‐Me2P with higher turnover number (TON=250 for 30 min) than that by syn‐Me2P (TON=218 for 60 min). The reactive intermediates in the catalytic ORR were confirmed to be the corresponding isophlorins (anti‐Me2Iph or syn‐Me2Iph) by spectroscopic measurements. The rate‐determining step in the catalytic ORRs was concluded to be proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reduction of O2 with isophlorins based on kinetic analysis. The ORR rate by anti‐Me2Iph was accelerated by external protons, judging from the dependence of the observed initial rates on acid concentrations. In contrast, no acceleration of the ORR rate with syn‐Me2Iph by external protons was observed. The different mechanisms in the O2 reduction by the two isomers should be derived from that of the arrangement of hydrogen bonding of a O2 with inner NH protons of the isophlorins.
Pyrolysis shaker reactor for the production of biochar
Authors: Sanchez Careaga Francisco J. , Porat Ariel , Briens Lauren , Briens Cedric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntermediate pyrolysis reactors are preferred for processes focused on the production of high‐quality biochar. The main types are rotary drums, augers, and moving beds agitated with either grates or paddles. These reactors are usually operated in continuous mode, and are designed to provide a pure, homogeneous biochar product by ensuring near plug flow of the reacting particles. There is a need for laboratory reactors that can provide enough biochar for testing in applications such as soil amendment, fillers for concrete or polymers, coke substitution, or pollutant capture.The pyrolysis shaker reactor (PSR) is a new laboratory reactor that is inexpensive, provides good mixing and temperature control, is easy to operate and allows for rapid turnaround between runs. It provides a homogeneous biochar product. Its use was demonstrated with digestate from the anaerobic digestion of food waste. The rapid and thorough testing program made possible with the PSR indicated that this digestate should be pyrolyzed at 250°C to maximize the release of mineral from the biochar to water, and at 400°C to minimize the release of minerals. Its biochar would require post‐treatment to be applied as a substitute for activated carbon.
Turbulent blend times with off‐centre v‐mounted agitators
Authors: Chen Peng , Myers Kevin J. , Janz Eric E. , Brown Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExperimental measurements in a flat‐bottom tank with narrow‐blade hydrofoil and pitched‐blade impellers are used to develop guidelines for off‐centre, or eccentric, placement of vertical agitators in unbaffled tanks. The guidelines are based on providing a turbulent blend time that is no more than 20% longer than that of the same impeller operating at the same rotational speed on the centreline of a baffled tank. In addition to investigating the effect of impeller type, impeller diameter and off‐bottom clearance are also considered. The results support the commonly noted rule of thumb that as off‐centre distance is increased, performance in an unbaffled vessel approaches that in a baffled tank. A notable exception to this axiom occurs when a large impeller is located close to the tank base (specifically, D/T = 0.40, C/T = 0.10, and O/T = 0.25). In this case, a stable impeller tip vortex forms with both impeller types, with slow exchange of material between the vortex and bulk liquid leading to long blend times. Besides blend time decreasing with increasing off‐centre distance, the uncertainty or run‐to‐run variation in blend time also decreases dramatically. In most cases, the pitched‐blade turbine requires a smaller off‐centre distance than the hydrofoil impeller to approximate the blending performance provided during baffled operation.
Impact of pathologic lymph node‐positive renal cell carcinoma on survival in patients without metastasis: Evidence in support of expanding the definition of stage IV kidney cancer
Authors: Srivastava Arnav , Rivera‐Núñez Zorimar , Kim Sinae , Sterling Joshua , Farber Nicholas J. , Radadia Kushan D. , Patel Hiren V. , Modi Parth K. , Goyal Sharad , Parikh Rahul , Mayer Tina M. , Saraiya Biren , Sadimin Evita T. , Weiss Robert E. , Kim Isaac Y. , Elsamra Sammy E. , Jang Thomas L. , Singer Eric A. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundStage III renal cell carcinoma (RCC) encompasses both lymph node‐positive (pT1‐3N1M0) and lymph node–negative (pT3N0M0) disease. However, prior institutional studies have indicated that among patients with stage III disease, those with lymph node disease have worse oncologic outcomes and experience survival that is similar to that of patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV disease. The objective of the current study was to validate these findings using a large, nationally representative sample of patients with kidney cancer.MethodsPatients with AJCC stage III or stage IV RCC were identified using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Patients were categorized as having lymph node‐positive stage III (pT1‐3N1M0), lymph node–negative stage III (pT3N0M0), or stage IV metastatic (pT1‐3 N0M1) disease. Cox proportional hazards models compared outcomes while adjusting for comorbidities. Kaplan‐Meier estimates illustrated relative survival when comparing staging groups.ResultsA total of 8988 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 6587 patients classified as having lymph node–negative stage III disease, 2218 as having lymph node‐positive stage III disease, and 183 as having stage IV disease. Superior survival was noted among patients with lymph node–negative stage III disease, but similar survival was noted between patients with lymph node‐positive stage III and stage IV RCC, with 5‐year survival rates of 61.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 60.3%‐63.4%), 22.7% (95% CI, 20.6%‐24.9%), and 15.6% (95% CI, 11.1%‐23.8%), respectively.ConclusionsCurrent RCC staging systems group pT1‐3N1M0 and pT3N0M0 disease as stage III disease. However, the results of the current validation study suggest the need for further stratification and even placement of patients with pT1‐3N1M0 disease into the stage IV category. Staging that accurately reflects oncologic prognosis may help clinicians better counsel and select patients who might derive the most benefit from lymphadenectomy, adjuvant systemic therapy, more rigorous imaging surveillance, and clinical trial participation.
Anatomic factors influencing dimensions of soft tissue graft from the hard palate. A clinical study
Authors: Said Khalid N. , Abu Khalid Areej S. , Farook Fathima F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to measure the thickness of the palatal mucosa in a Jordanian (Middle Eastern) population as well as identify possible factors that may influence the thickness of palatal mucosa.Material and MethodsSixty period on tally healthy subjects (29 males and 31 females) were selected. Fifteen measurement points were defined on the palate. The mucosal thickness in the hard palate was determined by “bone sounding” with a Hu‐Friedy® round periodontal probe.ResultsThe overall mean thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa was 3.23 ± 0.47 mm.The mean thickness increased from the gingival margin to a more apical position irrespective of the tooth measured or side of the mouth in the following sequence: canine, second molar, first premolar, second premolar and lastly, the first molar. No significant difference between gender, smoking status, gingival phenotype andsides of the mouth with the thickness of palatal masticatory mucosa was determined. A significant difference between palatal shape and palatal gingival thickness was found.ConclusionsThe most appropriate site for graft harvesting is the canine‐premolar area 8‐13 mm from the mid‐palatal aspect of each respective tooth in a Jordanian population. Except for the palatal shape, the side of the mouth, smoking, gender or gingival phenotype does not affect the graft harvest.Clinical Relevance Scientific Rationale for StudyKnowledge on the thickness of the masticatory mucosa is crucialin making decisions for surgical treatment modality and may affect surgical outcome. We measured the thickness of the palatal mucosa in a Jordanian population and identified possible influencing factors.Principal FindingsThe thickness varied according to the teeth and the canine to premolar region was found to be the appropriate donor site.Practical ImplicationsThis information on safe zone for graft harvest can guide the periodontist to make appropriate incisions and choose the appropriate location to obtain a graft of adequate thickness and dimensions.
Endobronchial masses encountered on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy: a focus on unusual entities
Authors: Aldera Alessandro P. , Schubert Pawel T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is a useful technique in the evaluation of central lung tumors which is commonly encountered in clinical cytology practice. Some of these tumors may show endobronchial, polypoid growth which is readily apparent to the endoscopist. Pulmonary salivary gland‐type tumors and carcinoid tumors are overall uncommon in the lung, but these tumors tend to occur centrally and show endobronchial involvement. The prognosis of these tumors is generally better than that of small cell or non‐small cell carcinomas of the lung and more conservative surgical resection is often indicated. The identification of salient cytological features and a high index of suspicion when considering the differential diagnosis of a central lung tumor is essential to accurate diagnosis. This review focuses on cytological clues as well as ancillary techniques that may be useful to the practicing cytopathologist.
Prospects of multitarget drug designing strategies by linking molecular docking and molecular dynamics to explore the protein–ligand recognition process
Authors: Sivakumar Krishnankutty Chandrika , Haixiao Jin , Naman C. Benjamin , Sajeevan T. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe designing of drugs that can simultaneously affect different protein targets is one novel and promising way to treat complex diseases. Multitarget drugs act on multiple protein receptors each implicated in the same disease state, and may be considered to be more beneficial than conventional drug therapies. For example, these drugs can have improved therapeutic potency due to synergistic effects on multiple targets, as well as improved safety and resistance profiles due to the combined regulation of potential primary therapeutic targets and compensatory elements and lower dosage typically required. This review analyzes in‐silico methods that facilitate multitarget drug design that facilitate the discovery and development of novel therapeutic agents. Here presented is a summary of the progress in structure‐based drug discovery techniques that study the process of molecular recognition of targets and ligands, moving from static molecular docking to improved molecular dynamics approaches in multitarget drug design, and the advantages and limitations of each.
Novel design strategy for GaAs‐based solar cell by application of single‐walled carbon nanotubes topmost layer
Authors: Mitin Dmitry M. , Bolshakov Alexey D. , Neplokh Vladimir , Mozharov Alexey M. , Raudik Sergei A. , Fedorov Vladimir V. , Shugurov Konstantin Yu. , Mikhailovskii Vladimir Yu. , Rajanna Pramod M. , Fedorov Fedor S. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Mukhin Ivan S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAttempts to improve solar cells efficiency touch all its constituents and are directly related to their fabrication protocols. While the most promising material platform for high efficiency photovoltaic devices is still III‐V semiconductors, introduction of novel materials like single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which are characterized by unique combination of conductivity and transparency, might greatly yield the device performance. Here, for the first time, we present the results of the fabrication and characterization of a thin‐film GaAs solar cell with a SWCNT top contact. We examine the contact between the SWCNT film and the semiconductor structure by means of the optical and electron beam‐induced current techniques. The fabricated device demonstrates better performance, that is, increased power conversion efficiency from 10.6% to 11.5% when compared to the cell with the traditional metal contact grid, stemming from the enhanced photocurrent collection efficiency and low parasitic light absorption in the emitter layer. We envision future prospects to exploit the multifunctionality of the SWCNTs in fabrication of highly efficient photovoltaic devices including flexible solar cells.