bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular characterization of Paragonimus species isolated from freshwater crabs in Yunnan, China.
Authors: Shu Qiu-Hong , Li Shu-De , Tian Ming , Bai Wen-Wei , Meng Yong , He Shu-Mei-Qi , Su Hui , Wang Miao-Miao , Wang Wenlin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Paragonimus species are highly prevalent in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan, China. The objective of the study is to isolate and identify Paragonimus from natural habitat and compare the phylogenetic diversity of Paragonimus in Yunnan province, China.
Methods

Metacercariae of Paragonimus was isolated from crabs and morphologic identification was performed by microscopy. Metacercariae were injected into experimental Paragonimus free Sprague Dawley rats. After 112 days, adult worms and eggs were isolated from multiple organs. Morphologic identification confirmed the initial identification. DNA was extracted from the adult worms and molecular characterization was performed by amplification and sequencing of CO1 and ITS2 regions followed by phylogenetic analysis.
Results

Out of 447 crabs captured, 186 crabs were found to be infected. A total of 5 occurrences of Paragonimus was observed from naturally infected crabs. Paragonimus microrchis (2), P,heterotremus (1), P.proliferus (1) and P.skrjabini (1) were isolated and identified. A total of 32 sequences downloaded from national center for biotechnology information and 5 sequences generated in the study was used for phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed robustness of the double loci method as against the single locus method with either CO1 or ITS2 alone. Considerable phylogenetic diversity depending on the geographic location was observed.
Conclusion

Paragonimus species isolated from Yunnan province, China were phylogenetically diverse and the analysis revealed the clustering of multiple species of Paragonimus isolated from different geographic locations.
Identification of grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivars by vine leaf image via deep learning and mobile devices
Authors: Liu Yixue , Su Jinya , Xu Guoqian , Fang Yulin , Liu Fei , Su Baofeng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Traditional vine variety identification methods usually rely on destructive sampling of vine leaves followed by physical, physiological, biochemical and molecular measurement, which is destructive, time-consuming, labor-intensive and requires experienced grape phenotype analysts. To mitigate these problems, this study aims to develop an application (App) running on Android client to identify wine grape automatically and in real time, which can help the growers to quickly obtain the variety information. Results Experimental results show that all Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classification algorithms can achieve an accuracy of over 94% for 21 categories on validation data, which proves the feasibility of using transfer learning to identify grape species in field environments. In particular, the classification model with the highest average accuracy is Googlenet (97.4%) with learning rate (0.001), mini-batch size (32) and maximum number of epochs (80). Testing results of the App on Android device also confirms these results. Conclusions An App running on Android client is developed to identify the wine grape in real time and field condition, which can help the growers to quickly obtain the variety information of wine grape. A total of 4200 leaf images were first collected in the field environment, which contain 21 types of typical grapes. Then both image complement preprocessing and data augmentation are adopted to enhance image features and augment the training dataset. On this basis, a number of typical CNN models (including VGG-16, DenseNet, ResNet101, ResNet18, and GoogLeNet) are compared in transfer learning training to identify the suitable one while with model parameter tuning. It is shown that GoogLeNet model outperformed other models in terms of accuracy, model complexity, and robustness with a fine-tuned accuracy of 99.91%. The effect of image complement preprocessing is also assessed by using Grad-CAM algorithm. The developed App is also shown to be feasible for real-life applications with a processing time of less than 1 second.
Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Jeong Je Hoon , Jo Min-Woo , Chin Dong Kyu , Son Woo-Seung , Ock Minsu , Lee Jung-Kil 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background. This study aims to examine the validity of European quality of life-5 dimensions, 3-level version (EQ-5D-3L) on patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures and compare health related quality of life (QOL) of these patients with them of general population in Korea. Methods. Totally, 163 patients with osteoporotic fractures in any vertebrae from outpatient clinics of multiple hospitals. After informed consents, study participants administered general and clinical information including sex, age, fracture site, and fracture age. Then they filled up several questionnaires such as EQ-5D-3L, 12-item short form health survey version 2.0 (SF-12v2), Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMQ) and Pain numeric rating scale (PAIN NRS). To examine the discriminant and convergent validity of EQ-5D-3L, Spearman's correlation analyses among the questionnaires were conducted. Also, PAIN NRS, physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) from SF-12v2 and RMQ scores were compared on problems reporting of each dimension of EQ-5D-3L. Finally, results in EQ-5D-3L from study participants were compared with those things from the comparison group of general populations which were match-sampled according to age and sex from the 2013 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Results. Spearman's correlation coefficients among EQ-5D-3L and PAIN NRS, SF-12v2, and RMQ were mostly statistically significant. The coefficients between the relevant dimensions such as mobility of EQ-5D-3L and physical functioning of SF-12v2were higher than coefficients between the irrelevant ones. Study participants reporting problems in each dimension of EQ-5D-3L showed lower scores on PAIN NRS, PCS and MCS from SF-12v2 and RMQ scores and those were statistically significant. For comparisons with the general populations, problems reporting in the patient group were statistically higher than those things from the general people. Conclusions. This study showed that EQ-5D-3L could be valid to measure a health related QOL of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Korea.
Exposure to particulate matter and life loss from traveling by four different common commuting modes
Authors: Zheng Jinlong , Qiu Zhaowen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective

Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has an adverse effect on commuters. The primary aim of this article was to make a comparison of PM exposure among four common transportation modes, analyze various influencing factors for specific modes, and evaluate public health effects caused by commuting exposure.
Method:

The experimental database was integrated for the four modes’ 336 trips and 13 volunteers’ heart-rate data. Basic descriptive statistics were used to compare PM exposure levels, and multivariable linear regression model and Spearman correlation analysis were adopted to explore major influences on pollution concentration among the different modes. In human health evaluations, the inhalation dose model and life table method were employed to obtain inhaled dose and years of life expectancy loss (YLE).
Results

The results indicated that higher PM exposure was found in cycling (average PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 of 114.35, 72.37 and 56.51 µg/m3, respectively), followed by bus (116.29, 67.60 and 51.12 µg/m3 for the same pollutants, respectively), and then taxi (97.61, 58.87 and 45.11 µg/m3), and the lowest concentrations appeared in subways (55.86, 46.20 and 40.20 µg/m3). Background pollution concentration and relative humidity were the staple determining factors on PM exposure according to the analysis outcomes. The greatest YLE loss was found for cycling, and could result in per capita 5.51–6.43 months of life expectancy loss for the 15–64 age group.
Conclusions

Given the higher average PM concentration for cycling, substituting other modes (like subway) for cycling could reduce adverse health effects during severely polluted periods, before the completion of local dedicated infrastructure projects that might reduce bicyclists’ exposure. PM2.5 levels in taxi cabins were decreased greatly when the vehicles were powered by CNG or methanol as compared to traditional fuels, indicating that implementing energy structure strategies such as vigorously promoting clean energy could effectively reduce pollution emissions and residents’ exposure.
Body Composition and Risk of Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; A Case Control Study
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Moradinazar Mehdi , Moradi Shima , moradi sara , Moludi Jalal , Marzbani Behjat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: While evidence has been highlight that obesity may be associated to the increased incidence of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), these data have depended on defective measures of obesity such as body mass index (BMI), and usually have not clearly well-known relationship between body composition (including fat within the nonfat mass) with NAFLAD. Methods: In a case control study of people aged 20–75 years, we directly measured body composition (using bioelectrical impedance analysis), height, weight and waist and hip circumferences who referred to radiology clinics in Kermanshah, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Among 231 people examined, 103 cases with NAFLD and 119 as control were established. The risk of NAFLD was positively associated with higher BMI and the components of the body composition. These associations were strengthened after adjusted for potential confounders including gender, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity Conclusion: An increasing prevalence of obesity may be associated with the increasing incidence of NAFLD as observed in many populations. We observed an increased risk of NAFLD associated with increased BMI, central adiposity and the fat component of weight, but found no association with nonfat mass.
Effects of Electrokinetics on Arsenic Mobility and Accumulation in Mott Dwarf Napier Grass for Treatment of Mine Tailings
Authors: Wanitsawatwichai Kitsadee , Sampanpanish Pantawat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This research firstly aimed to study the potential of electrokinetics (EK) on arsenic (As) mobility in gelatin (agar) medium with different containers (spherical or rectangular), electrodes (graphite or stainless-steel grade 316L), and applied electric field (0, 1, and 2 V cm− 1) by dividing the area into nine parts to ascertain the As movement (horizontally and vertically) after 72 h. Secondly, utilizing the optimal conditions for As mobility from the first part, to ascertain the effect of EK with Mott Dwarf Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) for the co-treatment of mine tailings at an applied electric field of 0, 1, 2, and 4 V cm− 1 to examine the As accumulation in the plants and mine tailings after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 d. The results showed that As had the highest mobility in agar in the spherical container using graphite electrodes with an applied electric field of 2 V cm− 1. The areas around the cathodes had lower As levels than that around the anode, with a net movement from cathode to anode areas both horizontally and vertically. For the co-treatment of mine tailings with EK and P. purpureum cv. Mott cultivation, the applied electric field provided better As treatment results than without an electric field, and the plants accumulated As in their roots to a greater extent than in the stem and leaves. The highest As absorption capability in the roots of P. purpureum cv. Mott (7.69 ± 0.16 mg kg− 1) was obtained after 90 d with an applied electric field of 1 V cm− 1.
Influence of respiratory movement during regional nodal irradiation after mastectomy for breast cancer: an experimental study
Authors: Jeon Hosang , Ki Yongkan , Kim Dong Woon , Kim Wontaek , Nam Jiho , Kim Donghyun , Park Dahl , Joo Ji Hyeon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric consequences of respiratory movement in postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) including internal mammary nodes (IMNs) between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT).Methods An anthropomorphic phantom was used to mimic the chest anatomy of a patient who had undergone mastectomy. Two types of absorbed dose measurements were adopted; a radiochromic film was inserted into a gap between phantom slices at the level of the second IMN and three glass rod dosimeters were placed at the first IMN (IM), chest wall (CW), and left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Respiratory movements with amplitudes of 5 mm (R05) and 10 mm (R10) were simulated using a dynamic platform combined with a motorized jack. To evaluate dose errors caused by respiratory movement, the measured data in the presence and absence of respiratory movement were compared.Results At IM, dose errors were − 2.8% (R05) and − 6.2% (R10) for 3D-CRT and − 4.9% (R05) and − 8.5% (R10) for VMAT. The dose errors in CW were − 0.5% (R05) and − 6.0% (R10) for 3D-CRT and − 1.9% (R05) and − 5.3% (R10) for VMAT. The LAD doses showed very small absolute values. According to film measurements, dose errors of IMN were similar between 3D-CRT and VMAT, but the dose error of the lung was higher in 3D-CRT. The gamma pass rates of VMAT (97% at R05; 88% at R10) were higher than those of 3D-CRT (74% at R05; 59% at R10).Conclusions If the patient maintained shallow to normal breathing, PMRT including IMNs could be implemented with acceptable accuracy. In particular, it was possible to maintain the advantages of VMAT, which enabled high-target coverage and normal organ protection.
Analysis of Prognostic Risk Factors for Operative Common Peroneal Nerve: A Nest Case-Control Study
Authors: Liu Zhenhui , Yushan Maimaiaili , Liu Yanshi , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury is one of the most common nerve injuries in the lower extremities and the motor functional recovery of injured common peroneal nerve (CPN) was often unsatisfactory, the mechanism of which is still controversial. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the factors associated with the neural recovery of injured CPN in patients undergoing surgical exploration of CPN.Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent neural exploration for injured CPN from 2009 to 2019. A total of 387 patients with postoperative follow-up more than 12 months were included in the final analysis. We used univariate logistics regression analyses to assess which explanatory variables are associated with recovery of neurological function. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine variables incorporated into clinical prediction model, developed a nomogram by the selected variables, and then assessed discrimination of the model by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results There were 67 patients divided into case group and 320 patients divided into control group. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that city area (OR = 3.35), labor occupation (OR = 4.39), diabetes (OR = 11.68), cardiovascular disease (OR = 51.35), knee joint dislocation (OR = 14.91), proximal fibula fracture (OR = 3.32), tibial plateau fracture (OR = 9.21), vascular injury (OR = 5.37) and hip arthroplasty (OR = 75.96) injury increased the risk of poor motor functional recovery of injured CPN, while high preoperative muscle strength (OR = 0.18) and postoperative knee joint immobilization (OR = 0.11) decreased this risk of injured CPN. AUC of the nomogram was 0.904 and 95% CI was 0.863–0.946.Conclusions City area, labor occupation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, knee joint dislocation, proximal fibula fracture, tibial plateau fracture, vascular injury and hip arthroplasty injury are independent risk factors of motor functional recovery of injured CPN, while high preoperative muscle strength and postoperative knee joint immobilization are protective factor of motor functional recovery of injured CPN. The prediction nomogram can be used to predict the prognosis of injured CPN.
Association of Oral Microbiota with Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Oral Health Problems in School-Aged Children
Authors: Chen Xin , Hu Xiaoyan , Fang Jiao , Sun Xiaoyu , Zhu Fangfang , Sun Ying , Wang Yuanyin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Consumption of beverages is prevalent among children and adolescents, of which the most popular beverages were sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). There is evidence that common beverage consumption, like coffee and tea, is associated with oral ecosystem. However, little is known about the effect of SSBs on the composition and functional potential of childhood oral microbiota.To examine the associations between SSBs consumption with oral microbiota diversity among school-aged children.Data came from the fourth wave follow-up of an ongoing child growth and development cohort established in 2016. Oral microbiota in buccal cheek swab samples were collected from 180 children (78 boys and 112 girls, aged 11.33±0.55 years old) using 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Students’ questionnaire was used to collect SSB consumption. Oral health problems, such as dental caries, gingivitis, was examined by a professional dentist. Higher SSBs consumption (≥ 1 serving/week) was associated with lower oral microbiota richness and diversity. Children with higher SSBs consumption showed altered abundance of several oral microbiota at genus level, including increases in Streptococcus, Gemella, Neisseria,Capnocytophaga and Lautropia (and decreases in Fusobacterium, Lachnoanaerobaculum, Soonwooa, Tannerella and Moraxella (p< 0.05). Functional analysis illustrated that oral microbiota was more conducive to the pathway activated of lysine biosynthesis (p=0.045), protein export (p=0.020), D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism (p=0.013), as well as pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis (p=0.004) in children with higher SSBs intake. Our finding suggests that higher SSBs consumption may disturb oral microecology and reduce diversity and abundance of oral microbiota during childhood.
Exenatide Improves Endometrial Glands in PCOS Rats through AMPKα-SIRT1
Authors: He Junxian , Cai Lisi , Li Jing , Li Yunhui , Tao Xin , Zhang Yu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Exenatide can contribute to the therapeutic effect for PCOS patients in restoring menstrual cycles. To exploring endometrial tissue change in PCOS rats and the effects of exenatide on endometrial tissue, we carried out in vivo study of PCOS rat models. Method: PCOS rat models were obtained after DHEA treatment, and the corresponding parameters were measured to confirm the establishment of PCOS models. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe endometrium morphological change, and western blot and RT-PCR were performed to identify the alteration AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) and SIRT1 proteins and the relative expression of SIRT1 mRNA in endometrial cellular after the intervention of exenatide (EX). Results: The endometrium of PCOS rats appeared to not only the gland number increased but also the gland size enlarged. When the PCOS rats underwent EX treatment, the gland number decreased and the gland size narrowed, the expression of AMPKα and SIRT1 protein increased, and the expression of SIRT1 mRNA level augmented. Conclusion: EX could decrease gland number and narrow gland size in PCOS rat endometrium which may be partly via AMPKα-SIRT1 pathway.
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis of Fetuses with Nasal Bone Anomaly
Authors: Xie Xiaorui , Wu Xiaoqing , Su Linjuan , Cai Meiying , Li Ying , Huang Hailong , Xu Liangpu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective: To explore the significance and value of fetal nasal bone anomaly (absence or hypoplasia) as indications of prenatal diagnosis.Methods: A total of 102 fetuses diagnosed with nasal bone absence or hypoplasia by ultrasonography underwent chorionic, amniotic, or umbilical cord blood puncture. Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array) was used to analyze fetal chromosomes.Results: Of the 102 fetuses with nasal bone absence or hypoplasia, 25 (24.5%) had chromosomal abnormalities, including 15 cases of trisomy 21, one trisomy 18 case, and 9 cases of other copy number variations. Among the 52 cases with isolated nasal bone absence or hypoplasia, 7(13.5%) had chromosomal abnormalities. In 50 cases, abnormal nasal bone with additional soft markers or structural abnormalities was observed, while 18 cases (36.0%) had chromosomal abnormalities, which were significantly higher than that among the fetuses with isolated nasal bone abnormality.Conclusion: Fetal nasal bone absence or hypoplasia can be used as an indication for prenatal diagnosis. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities increases with additional soft markers or structural abnormalities. This study demonstrates that fetal nasal bone absence or hypoplasia is associated with micro-deletions or micro-duplications of chromosomes. Application of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP-array) technology can reduce the rate of missed prenatal diagnoses.
Spectrum of microarchitectural bone disease in inborn errors of metabolism: a cross-sectional, observational study
Authors: Sidhu Karamjot , Ali Bilal , Burt Lauren A , Boyd Steven K , Khan Aneal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism (IBEM) often present with compromised bone health leading to low bone density, bone pain, fractures, and short stature. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the current gold standard for clinical assessment of bone in the general population and has been adopted for monitoring bone density in IBEM patients. However, IBEM patients are at greater risk for scoliosis, short stature and often have orthopedic hardware at standard DXA scan sites, limiting its use in these patients. Furthermore, DXA is limited to measuring areal bone mineral density (BMD), and does not provide information on microarchitecture.
Methods
In this study, microarchitecture was investigated in IBEM patients (n = 101) using a new three-dimensional imaging technology high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) which scans at the distal radius and distal tibia. Volumetric BMD and bone microarchitecture were computed and compared amongst the different IBEMs. For IBEM patients over 16 years-old (n = 67), HR-pQCT reference data was available and Z-scores were calculated.
Results
Cortical bone density was significantly lower in IBEMs associated with decreased bone mass when compared to lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) with no primary skeletal pathology at both the radius and tibia. Cortical thickness was also significantly lower in these disorders when compared to LSD with no primary skeletal pathology at the radius. Cortical porosity was significantly greater in hypophosphatasia when compared to all other IBEM subtypes.
Conclusion
We demonstrated compromised bone microarchitecture in IBEMs where there is primary involvement of the skeleton, as well as IBEMs where skeletal complications are a secondary outcome. In conclusion, our findings suggest HR-pQCT may serve as a valuable tool to monitor skeletal disease in the IBEM population, and provides insight to the greatly varying bone phenotype for this cohort that can be used for clinical monitoring and the assessment of response to therapeutic interventions.