bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oceanic CO2 outgassing and biological production hotspots induced by pre-industrial river loads of nutrients and carbon in a global modeling approach
Authors: Lacroix Fabrice , Ilyina Tatiana , Hartmann Jens 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Rivers are a major source of nutrients, carbon and alkalinity to the global ocean.
In this study, we firstly estimate pre-industrial riverine loads of nutrients, carbon and alkalinity based on a hierarchy of weathering and terrestrial organic matter export models, while identifying
regional hotspots of the riverine exports. Secondly, we implement the riverine loads into a global ocean biogeochemical model to describe their implications for oceanic nutrient concentrations,
net primary production (NPP) and air–sea CO2 fluxes
globally, as well as in an analysis of coastal regions. Thirdly, we quantitatively assess the
terrestrial origins and the long-term fate of riverine carbon in the ocean.
We quantify annual bioavailable pre-industrial riverine loads
of 3.7 Tg P, 27 Tg N, 158 Tg Si and 603 Tg C delivered to the ocean globally. We thereby identify the tropical Atlantic catchments (20 % of global C),
Arctic rivers (9 % of global C) and Southeast Asian rivers (15 % of global C)
as dominant suppliers of carbon for the ocean.
The riverine exports lead to a simulated net global oceanic CO2 source of 231 Tg C yr−1 to the atmosphere, which is mainly caused by inorganic carbon (source of 183 Tg C yr−1)
and by organic carbon (source of 128 Tg C yr−1) riverine loads. Additionally, a sink of 80 Tg C yr−1 is caused by the enhancement of the biological carbon uptake from dissolved
inorganic nutrient inputs from rivers and the resulting alkalinity production.
While large outgassing fluxes are simulated mostly in proximity to major river mouths, substantial outgassing fluxes can be found further offshore, most prominently in the tropical Atlantic.
Furthermore, we find evidence for the interhemispheric transfer of carbon in the model; we detect a larger relative outgassing flux (49 % of global riverine-induced outgassing)
in the Southern Hemisphere in comparison to the hemisphere's relative
riverine inputs (33 % of global C inputs), as well as an outgassing flux of 17 Tg C yr−1 in the Southern Ocean.
The addition of riverine loads in the model leads to a strong NPP increase in the tropical west Atlantic, Bay of Bengal and the East
China Sea (+166 %, +377 % and +71 %, respectively).
On the light-limited Arctic shelves, the NPP is not strongly sensitive to riverine loads, but the CO2 flux is strongly altered regionally due to substantial dissolved inorganic and organic
carbon supplies to the region.
While our study confirms that the ocean circulation remains the main driver for biogeochemical distributions in the open ocean, it reveals the necessity to consider riverine inputs
for the representation of heterogeneous features in the coastal ocean and to represent riverine-induced pre-industrial carbon outgassing in the ocean.
It also underlines the need to consider long-term CO2 sources from volcanic and shale oxidation fluxes in order to close the framework's atmospheric carbon budget.
Modelling and model verification of an autonomous threshold sensor for humidity measurements
Authors: Gulnizkij Nikolai , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Autonomous sensors that receive their energy from an
energy harvester or directly from the environment have the potential to save
energy for applications in numerous sectors. For humidity sensing, the
swelling behaviour of a water vapour-sensitive hydrogel is used. To trigger
an electrical contact the mechanical energy is taken from the hydrogel
swelling by the bimorph effect. As long as a defined threshold is not
reached, the electrical microcontact remains open. By passing the threshold
value, a switching will be triggered causing the closure of the contact.
This sensor principle does not need any electrical power supply because the
switching power is provided directly by the surrounding humidity as quantity
to be measured. For the description of the
deflection versus the hydrogel pattern of such a sensor, a model was developed by means of the beam theory. Goal of the model was to derive design guidelines for the
dimensioning of the sensors bending plate and the patterned hydrogel layer.
Experiments then should show the applicability of the model approaches. The
deflection of the bending plate depends on the ratio between the lengths of
the uncoated and the coated part of the bending plate where the maximum
occurs at a ratio of ca. 0.5. The swelling behaviour of the hydrogel shows a
high sensitivity with regard to slight changes in relative humidity. This
can be used for humidity threshold sensors that open and close
microcontacts with respect to very small changes in relative humidity. To
avoid voltage peaks and arcs during the switching process that could arise
and destroy the microcontact, a bistable characteristic with hysteresis is
needed. Experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this concept and are in
good agreement with the modelling results.
Embodying the Mahdi: Islamic Messianism and the Body in Colonial Senegal
Authors: Halverson Jeffry R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study explores modern Islamic messianism as a mode of tajdid, or religious renewal, during the colonial era. It analyzes the case of a nineteenth-century religious movement among the Lebou people of the Cap-Vert peninsula in French West Africa, now Senegal, known as the Layene Brotherhood (La Confrérie Layenne). The sect began when Libasse Thiaw (d. 1909), known as Mouhammadou Limamou Laye, proclaimed himself the awaited Mahdi, and his eldest son, Issa Thiaw (d. 1949), the second coming of Jesus. Most distinctively, Thiaw taught that he was the reincarnation of the Prophet Muhammad—the Black African embodiment of his soul. Through embodiment, Thiaw elided existing epistemological conflicts in modern Islam and asserted prophetic authority. In the process, he accelerated the process of tajdid for his community and nullified his lack of scholarly or ancestral credentials to join the revered ranks of the marabouts of Senegal.
Killmonger's Quandary: Notes on Religious Meaning, Freedom, and Identity in Black Panther
Authors: Hills Darrius 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This article explores constructions of meaning and Black male identity formation as portrayed in the film Black Panther. Interpreted through the prism of Black religious thought, ethics, and Africana framings of relationality, Black Panther provides insight into the nature and terms of identity formation and meaning-making as critical features of Black religion broadly conceived.
Een goed begin is het halve werk
Authors: Vos J.G. 
Published: January 2020

Een goed begin is het halve werk
Als schaderegelaar word je regelmatig geconfronteerd met complexe schades van jonge kinderen. Gedurende een lange looptijd werken veel partijen met, naast maar ook langs elkaar. Met dit artikel hoop ik enkele praktische tips te geven voor een betere aanpak van deze schades, voor alle betrokken partijen.
Jeugdprofessionals in de letselschade
Authors: Ouwehand Sophie , Kraal Kim 
Published: January 2020

Jeugdprofessionals in de letselschade
De jeugdprofessional in de letselschade biedt begeleiding aan kinderen en ouders die direct of indirect betrokken zijn bij een ongeval. Het doel van de begeleiding is om kinderen te helpen en om de balans binnen een gezin te herstellen.
De nieuwe mindset van de collaboratieve advocaat
Authors: De Canck Wouter , Storms Sofie 
Published: January 2020

The new mindset of the collaborative lawyer
The new Belgian law on collaborative conflict resolution installs a disqualification clause, which parties have to sign before starting the negotiations. If they cannot resolve their dispute, they agree to stop the negotiations in advance. What skills do the lawyers need to make collaborative conflict resolution a success?
Brunstad i Stokke, Vestfold – et bosettingsområde fra rundt 6000 f.Kr., med spor etter gjentatte besøk, grav og deponeringer
Authors: Reitan Gaute , Danielsen Fredrikke , Gummeson Sara , Schülke Almut 
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the results from the investigation of two Mesolithic sites, lok. 24 and lok. 25, at Brunstad in Stokke, south of Tønsberg in Vestfold, Southeast Norway. At their time of use the two sites, separated only by a rocky outcrop, were situated by a cove on a small island in the archipelago of the Oslo Fjord. A total of c. 16,000 artefacts, predominantly of flint, were recorded, as well as c. 60 hearths. Radiocarbon dates witness to repeated stays on this island between c. 6400 and 5600 cal. BC. Towards the south lok. 24 was delimited by a small marsh, which also existed at the time when the Brunstad sites were inhabited. Four complete and two fragmented stone adzes found directly in the wetland, may indicate deliberate (ritual) depositions. The find of a decorated, broken sandstone plate from the northern edge of the wetland might strengthen such an interpretation. On lok. 25 an inhumation was uncovered. In a carefully stone-lined grave-pit, an adult individual had been deposited with flexed hip and knees. The grave, dated to c. 5900 BC, is the first recorded Mesolithic grave in East Norway, and one of very few Mesolithic graves from Norway overall. The grave and traces of other ritual actions are discussed in relation to the settlement site as well as in a wider Scandinavian context.
Gomori Methenamine Silver Stain on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Is Poorly Sensitive for Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in HIV-Negative Immunocompromised Patients and May Lead to Missed or Delayed Diagnoses
Authors: Azar Marwan M. , Slotkin Rebecca , Abi-Raad Rita , Liu Yuehong , Grant Matthew H. , Malinis Maricar F. 
Published: January 2020

Context.—Direct visualization of Pneumocystis jiroveci organisms, using Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), is a historical gold standard that has been widely used for the diagnosis of P jiroveci pneumonia (PJP). However, the stain may be less sensitive in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–negative immunocompromised patients owing to a lower burden of organisms.Objectives.—To assess the sensitivity of the GMS stain on BAL fluid for the diagnosis of PJP in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients as compared to HIV-positive patients.Design.—We conducted a retrospective review from 2012 to 2018 to identify immunocompromised patients (≥18 years old) who underwent bronchoscopy with BAL GMS staining for the diagnosis of PJP. To assess for sensitivity, we sought to identify BAL GMS-positive cases and BAL GMS-negative cases of PJP. The BAL GMS-negative cases were categorized into proven and probable PJP.Results.—We identified 45 adult immunocompromised patients with proven and probable PJP, including 24 HIV-negative (11 BAL GMS-positive and 13 BAL GMS-negative) and 21 HIV-positive cases (all were BAL GMS-positive). The sensitivity of BAL GMS for the diagnosis of PJP in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients was 11 of 24 (46%) versus 21 of 21 (100%) in HIV-positive patients (CD4: median, 10 cells/mL; range, 3–300 cells/mL). Delayed or missed diagnoses were seen in 3 cases of BAL GMS-negative PJP. Re-examination of BAL GMS slides showed rare P jiroveci cysts in 1 case.Conclusions.—BAL GMS has poor sensitivity for PJP in HIV-negative immunocompromised patients. Using BAL GMS as a sole method for PJP may result in missed or delayed diagnoses in this population.
Utility of Coronary Calcium Scoring (CCS) in Connective Tissue Disorders (CTDs) for the Evaluation of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis – A Systematic Review
Authors: Farshad Sohail , Halalau Alexandra , Townsend Whitney , Schiopu Elena 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the current state of knowledge for the utility of coronary calcium scoring (CCS) in connective tissue disorders (CTDs) as it relates to the presence and quantification of coronary atherosclerosis.MethodsFollowing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Review retrieved 1019 studies (since database inception on May 7, 2018) from which 121 manuscripts were eligible for review. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies that investigated CCS in adults with respective CTDs. Studies were excluded if a complete manuscript was not written in English or was a case report.ResultsThirty‐one studies were included (27 with healthy age‐/gender‐matched control group for comparison and 4 without). CTDs analyzed in articles with control group: 11 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 14 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 4 systemic sclerosis (SSc), 1 idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), 1 Takayasu arteritis, and 1 psoriasis. Nine out of 11 RA studies, 12 out of 14 SLE studies, and 2 out of 4 SSc studies showed statistically significant increased CCS when compared with the control group. CTDs analyzed in studies without control group: two Kawasaki disease, one juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and one antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) article, which demonstrated increased coronary arterial calcium burden, however, without statistically significant data.ConclusionCTDs, especially SLE and RA, are associated with higher CCS compared with the control group, indicating increased risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Our search did not elicit sufficient publications or statistically significant results in many other CTDs.
Pathogenic variants in theTRIP11gene cause a skeletal dysplasia spectrum from odontochondrodysplasia to achondrogenesis 1A
Authors: Medina Cristina T. N. , Sandoval Renata , Oliveira Gabriela , da Costa Silveira Karina , Cavalcanti Denise P. , Pogue Robert 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe thyroid hormone receptor interactor 11 (TRIP11) gene encodes the Golgi microtubule‐associated protein 210 (GMAP‐210), a protein essential for the operation of the Golgi apparatus. It is known that null mutations inTRIP11disrupt Golgi function and cause a lethal skeletal dysplasia known as achondrogenesis type 1A (ACG1A), however recently, hypomorphic mutations in that gene have been linked to odontochondrodysplasia (ODCD), a nonlethal skeletal dysplasia characterized by skeletal changes in the spine and in the metaphyseal regions, associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta. Here we present two patients reflecting the phenotypic spectrum related to differentTRIP11variants. The first is a female child with ODCD, for whom a homozygous in‐frame splicing mutation in intron 9 ofTRIP11was identified. The mutation appears to lead to the expression of an alternative TRIP11 transcript, that may explain the less severe radiological alterations in ODCD. The second is a fetus with classical form of ACG1A, associated with typical molecular findings (frameshift) in exon 11 ofTRIP11,both novel mutations. The two patients reported here represent theTRIP11spectrum of skeletal dysplasia ranging from mild to lethal phenotypes, thereby enabling one to suggest a genotype–phenotype correlation in these diseases.
A new polypyridyl‐based Ru (II) complex as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction
Authors: Daryanavard Marzieh , Masoumpour Marziyeh Sadat 
Published: January 2020

A new polypyridyl Ru (II) complex, cis‐[Ru (Me4phen)2(CH3CN)2](NO3)2 (Me4phen = 3,4,7,8‐tetramethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline) has been prepared and fully characterized by elemental analysis, X‐ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry and spectroscopic techniques. The solid‐state structure of the complex indicated that the Ru (II) center is sitting in an N4N′2 coordination environment with a distorted octahedral geometry. Cyclic voltammetry technique was used to investigate the catalytic activity of the Ru (II) complex on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in acetonitrile. The effect of the different reaction parameters, including the scan rate, concentration of the electrocatalyst [complex Ru (II)] and reaction temperature, on the catalytic activity was also investigated. The results showed that the electrocatalytic activity of the complex increases with increasing electrocatalyst concentration and scan rate. Further, the CO2 reduction peak current decreases at lower temperatures owing to the inverse relationship between the temperature and activation energy. The theoretical calculations confirmed the proposed electrocatalytic mechanism comprising seven steps.
Prediction of Fatty Acid Incorporation during Enzymatic Interesterification
Authors: Dijkstra Albert J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen a mixture of triacylglycerols and free fatty acids or fatty acid alkyl esters is treated with a random or sn‐1,3 regioselective lipase enzyme, part of these acids will be incorporated into the triacylglycerols while liberating fatty acids that were originally part of these triacylglycerols. Authors generally report the extent of incorporation and then comment on whether equilibrium had been reached and/or acyl migration has been observed. In doing so, they do not refer to articles that provide equations to be used to conclude whether equilibrium has been reached. It is the purpose of the present article to provide these equations and, by using them on literature data, show to what extent conclusions drawn by authors are correct. Besides, the availability of these equations will make it easier to interpret ongoing research on interesterification and to steer its direction in a more appropriate manner.
Stable and scalable smart window based on polymer stabilized liquid crystals
Authors: Hu Xiaowen , Zhang Xinmin , Yang Wenmin , Jiang Xiao‐Fang , Jiang Xinshuai , de Haan Laurens T. , Yuan Dong , Zhao Wei , Zheng Nan , Jin Mingliang , Shui Lingling , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Zhou Guofu 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTA stable and scalable polymer‐stabilized liquid crystal window which electrically switches from transparent to opaque has been fabricated. Scanning electron microscope measurement shows that higher polymer concentration will induce denser polymer network in polymer stabilized liquid crystal system and then stronger anchoring force between polymer network and liquid crystal molecules, which resulting in larger operating voltage. The cell with larger cell gap has a lower saturated transmittance in the voltage‐on state, which attributed to a larger number of scattering domains in thick cell. The optimized cell exhibits a highly transparent voltage‐off state (3.5% haze) and a voltage‐on scattering state (98% haze) with the threshold voltage of around 20 V. The durability test shows that the optical device switches at least 100,000 times without degradation of optical contrast and shows a high temperature tolerance. Meanwhile, a 40 × 50 cm2 window has been developed in an industrial production line showing the same optical properties. Our results demonstrate the fabrication of smart windows with a highly transparent rest state and high optical contrast on a commercial mass production scale, making them attractive for applications in buildings, automobiles, and switchable sunglasses for light management and potentially energy saving. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48917.
Structural investigations of stereoselective profen binding by equine and leporine serum albumins
Authors: Zielinski Kamil , Sekula Bartosz , Bujacz Anna , Szymczak Izabela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSerum albumin, the most abundant transport protein of mammalian blood, interacts with various nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affecting their disposition, metabolism, and excretion. A big group of chiral NSAIDs transported by albumin, profens, is created by derivatives of 2‐arylpropionic acid. The chiral center in the structures of profens is adjacent to the carboxylate moiety and often determines different pharmacological properties of profen enantiomers. This study describes crystal structures of two albumins, isolated from equine and leporine serum, in complexes with three profens: ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and suprofen. Based on three‐dimensional structures, the stereoselectivity of albumin is discussed and referred to the previously published albumin complexes with drugs. Drug Site 2 (DS2) of albumin, the bulky hydrophobic pocket of subdomain IIIA with a patch of polar residues, preferentially binds (S)‐enantiomers of all investigated profens. Almost identical binding mode of all these drugs clearly indicates the stereoselectivity of DS2 towards (S)‐profens in different albumin species. Also, the affinity studies show that DS2 is the major site that presents high affinity towards investigated drugs. Additionally, crystallographic data reveal the secondary binding sites of ketoprofen in leporine serum albumin and ibuprofen in equine serum albumin, both overlapping with previously identified naproxen binding sites: the cleft formed between subdomains IIIA and IIIB close to the fatty acid binding site 5 and the niche created between subdomains IIA and IIIA, called fatty acid site 6.
A coverage‐based approach for filtering and prioritizing regions in a semantic cache
Authors: Ajarroud Ouafa , Zellou Ahmed , Idri Ali 
Published: January 2020

SummaryEnsuring quick responses as well as a high degree of reliability remains one of the biggest challenges in mediation systems. Generally, in order to reduce their response time and to be able to provide answers in case the sources are inaccessible, mediators can resort to semantic caching. However, this may lead to additional costs, especially if there is a large number of semantic regions in the cache. In this work, we propose a coverage based approach in order to decide whether it is optimal to use the cache if a new user query is submitted and to identify the semantic regions that can contribute in providing answer if it is. Our approach is based essentially on calculating attribute and predicate coverage rates of the new user query in each semantic region. To validate our proposition, we have performed an experimental evaluation using a prototype that generates random semantic regions.
The lived experience of working with people with eating disorders: A meta‐ethnography
Authors: Graham Meghan R. , Tierney Stephanie , Chisholm Amy , Fox John R. E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveWorking with people with eating disorders (EDs) is known to elicit strong emotional reactions, and the therapeutic alliance has been shown to affect outcomes with this clinical population. As a consequence, it is important to understand healthcare professionals' (HCPs') experiences of working with this client group.MethodA meta‐synthesis was conducted of qualitative research on HCPs' lived experiences of working with people with EDs. The results from the identified studies were analyzed using Noblit and Hare's meta‐ethnographic method. Data were synthesized using reciprocal translation, and a line of argument was developed.ResultsThirty‐seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Reciprocal translation resulted in a key concept: “Coping with caring without curing.” This was underpinned by the following third‐order concepts: (a) “The dissonance and discomfort of being a helper struggling to help,” (b) “Defending against the dissonance,” and (c) “Accepting the dissonance to provide safe and compassionate care.” These concepts were used to develop a line‐of‐argument synthesis, which was expressed as a new model for understanding HCPs' experiences of working with people who have an ED.DiscussionAlthough the conflict associated with being a helper struggling to help led some HCPs to avoid and blame people with EDs, others adopted a compassionate stance characterized by humanity, humility, balance, and awareness.