bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacity Fade Analysis of Silicon Anodes with a Polydopamine-Treated Copper Foil: A Multiphysics-Based Model Approach
Authors: Appiah Williams Agyei , Ryou Myung-Hyun , Lee YongMin 
Published: February 2020

Treating the surface of current collectors with polydopamine has proven to be a means of resolving the issues related to delamination of silicon composite electrodes (1, 2). This is manifested in the improvement in the electrochemical performance owing to the enhanced adhesion between the silicon composite electrode and current collectors. However, the mechanisms underlying this enhancement is not well understood.
In this study, a porous composite-electrode physics-based model is used to analyze the cycle performance of silicon-based anode half-cells with bare and PD-treated copper current collectors via a parameter estimation technique. Based on the estimation of the parameters that change with cycling, the various mechanisms associated with the capacity fade in the bare and PD-treated copper current collector are investigated. A quantitative analysis of the aging mechanism of silicon-based anodes in terms of Li ions loss is performed and discussed for the two cell configurations. The percentage contribution of the various identified mechanisms are estimated for the cells with the bare and PD-treated copper current collector.

D. Song, D. Jung, I. Cho, M. H. Ryou and Y. M. Lee, Advanced Materials Interfaces, 3, 1600270 (2016).

W. A. Appiah, J. Park, S. Byun, I. Cho, A. Mozer, M.-H. Ryou and Y. M. Lee, Journal of Power Sources (2018).

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of electrode design and cycle performance of cells with bare and PD-treated copper current collector.

Figure 1
The Importance of Temperature Compensation in Analysis of VRFB Performance Data
Authors: Mallinson Sarah , Reid Daniel , Birch Huw , Whitehead Adam H. 
Published: February 2020

To enable a high penetration of renewable energy it is necessary to include multiple-hour energy storage systems. Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are already proving one of the most suitable and versatile technologies in this regard. They are intrinsically safe (1), do not degrade through cycling (2) and can be recycled or reused to a very great extent.
Despite the current interest in this technology there has been little attention paid to the importance of temperature in evaluating experimental results (one notable exception is (3)). We have found that electrolyte temperatures may vary considerably from ambient air temperature (regardless of the scale of the system). However, it is common to see efficiency results published, with mention of surrounding air temperature only.
A series of in situ and ex situ experiments were conducted to identify how cell resistivity, open-circuit potential and self-discharge current density were influenced by temperature (for example, positive electrode open-circuit voltage dependence at 50% state-of-charge is shown below). In a flow system the interpretation is slightly more complicated than a conventional battery, because these properties are dependent on the state-of-charge of the electrolytes and also electrolyte viscosity and density vary with temperature (4). Nonetheless, straightforward semi-empirical relationships could be obtained.
Furthermore, simple equations have recently been used to convert between resistivity, open-circuit potential and self-discharge current density and efficiency (5). By this means it was possible to extract tolerances on reported literature data, with respect to the uncertainty in electrolyte temperature, and hence give a fairer comparison among recent innovative developments in the field.

A. H. Whitehead, T. J. Rabbow, M. Trampert and P. Pokorny, J. Power Sources, 351, 1 (2017).

N. Tokuda, T. Kanno, T. Hara, T. Shigematsu, Y. Tsutsui, A. Ikeuchi, T. Itou and T. Kumamoto, SEI Tech. Rev., 50, 88 (2000).

D. Reynard, C. R. Dennison, A. Battistel and H. H. Girault, J. Power Sources, 390, 30 (2018).

C. Blanc, Modeling of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Electricity Storage System, PhD Thesis, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Lausanne (2009).

A. Bhattarai, N. Wai, R. Schweiss, A. Whitehead, T. M. Lim and H. H. Hng, J. Power Sources, 341, 83 (2017).

Figure 1 – potential difference between a carbon felt electrode in 50% SOC positive vanadium electrolyte and NHE arranged against temperature.

Figure 1
(Invited) Impact of Mesoscale Morphology on Electrode Performance through Multi-Physics Simulations
Authors: Roberts Scott A. , Bolintineanu Dan S. , Ferraro Mark E. , Lechman Jeremy B. , Noble David R. , Srivastava Ishan , Trembacki Bradley L. 
Published: February 2020

While lithium-ion battery electrodes are manufactured in large-scale, high-speed, roll-to-roll manufacturing processes, it is the morphology of the particle and conductive binder structures that greatly affect macroscale properties and can vary significantly as a function of manufacturing conditions. This relationship is particularly true in the extremely fast (dis)charge environments relevant for electrification of our vehicle fleet, where the short time scales probe ever smaller length scales and increase the impact of ionic and charge transport limitations.
To explore the process-structure-property relationship, we employ mesoscale finite element simulations of the three-phase particle-conductive binder-electrolyte composite of NMC cathodes. Particle and conductive binder domain mesostructures are derived from both x-ray computed tomography imaging and simulated using discrete element methods. The Conformal Decomposition Finite Element Method is applied to create conformal three-phase finite element discretizations of these mesostructures. Effective properties including electrical conductivity, tortuosity, and mechanical modulus are calculated and compared to experimentally measured values. Coupled electrochemical-mechanical simulations of cathode discharge are performed and validated against half-cell experimental data. We focus on how the conductive binder domain morphology affects electrode performance.
Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.
Modelling the Electrode/Electrolyte Interfaces
Authors: Kopač Lautar Anja , Rejec Tomaž , Dominko Robert , Filhol Jean-Sébastien , Doublet Marie-Liesse 
Published: February 2020

Electrochemical reactions are mainly governed by the interface properties and changing electrode potential. Understanding the nature of electrochemical electrode/electrolyte interfaces is thus a crucial step in the optimization of systems for energy conversion and storage. However, a generally accepted method to consider varying electrode potentials in first-principles calculations does not exist, and modelling interfaces remains one of the biggest challenges for the density functional theory (DFT) community.
Implicit solvent model implemented in some DFT codes [1, 2] together with the inclusion of explicit solvent molecules was used on lithium system and the obtained results were in agreement with experimental values [3]. We use the same methodological approach to study Mg2+ solvated in monoglyme (DME) and in ethylene carbonate (EC). Using molecular DFT (Gaussian) we first determine the explicit first solvation shell of Mg2+ in DME and EC. The solvated Mg2+ complex is then placed in front of Mg electrode in the plane wave DFT calculations (VASP). Potential dependent grand canonical energies, equilibrium (redox) potentials and differential capacitance are obtained for both systems and are in excellent agreement with experimental results. We further develop the method to probe stability regions of the solvents at the interface. We find that the stability of the solvent molecules is drastically modified in the presence of Mg2+ . Furthermore, the
presented methodological approach can be used to study decomposition pathways. The obtained results give valuable insights into why some solvents are not appropriate for Mg battery systems, and how electrolyte performance can be improved.
[1] K. Mathew et al., The Journal of chemical physics 140, 084106 (2014).
[2] K. Letchworth-Weaver et al., Physical Review B 86, 075140 (2012).
[3] N. Lespes et al., Journal of chemical theory and computation 11, 33753382 (2015).
[4] C. D. Taylor et al., Physical Review B 73, 165402 (2006).
Generating Enhanced Interfaces between Micro-Patterned Lithium Electrodes and Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Liebenau Dominik , Schmohl Sebastian , Jalkanen Kirsi , Bieker Peter , Winter Martin , Kolek Martin 
Published: February 2020

Lithium is a very promising anode material for the next generation of rechargeable batteries. The research on such battery systems is motivated especially by the high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and the low density (0.53 g/cm³), which qualifies lithium particularly also for portable devices. Furthermore, this metal features the lowest negative electrode potential (-3.04 V vs. SHE), which enables a high cell voltage and high specific energy, respectively.[1-2] Nevertheless, there are also some challenges, like the inhomogeneous deposition of lithium metal during cycling leading to high surface area lithium (HSAL). Such deposits can be dendritic or needle-like and can easily penetrate the separator inducing short circuits and local heating, which in the end can lead to fires or even explosions.[1-3]
To counteract the safety issue of HSAL, many different approaches were studied which should lead to a more homogeneous deposition of lithium.[4-7]
One of them are solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). They have the benefits to be very thermally and electrochemically stable, their exothermal decomposition kinetics are slow and they generate a flexible and dense barrier between the electrodes. Furthermore, the less volatility of the components of SPEs leads to a lower risk of explosion and toxication, which represent disadvantages of liquid organic electrolytes.[3-5]
Another approach is the mechanical modification of lithium electrodes with micro patterning to increase the electrode surface, which leads to a lower current density resulting in a reduced formation of HSAL. Moreover, HSAL shows the tendency to deposit first at the walls of the defects before it later on grows on the remaining surface. For this reason, the dendritic growth towards the counter electrode is delayed and thereby the risk of short circuits is decreased.[2, 6-7]
In this work, the focus lies on the combination of these two approaches. Herein, we will present a new way to combine SPEs with modified lithium electrodes by an advanced coating method. The wetting of the micro patterned lithium surface by the SPE and the directed lithium deposition in the defects are verified by SEM analysis and the electrochemical properties are investigated on the basis of constant current cycling and impedance experiments.
[1] K. Zhang, et al., Adv. Energy Mater.
2016, 6, 1600811. [2] P. Schmitz, et al., Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys.
2017, 19, 19178-19187. [3] M. Joost, et al., Electrochim. Acta,
2013, 113, 181-185. [4] Q. Pan, et al., Adv. Mater.
2015, 27, 5995-6001. [5] J. Paulsdorf, et al., Solid State Ion
.
2002, 169, 25-33. [6] M.-H. Ryou, et al., Adv. Funct. Mater.
2015, 25, 834-841. [7] J. Park, et al., Adv.
Mater. Interfaces
2016, 3, 1600140.
Impact of Kissing Balloon in Patients Treated With Ultrathin Stents for Left Main Lesions and Bifurcations
Authors: Gaido Luca , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Imori Yoichi , Wojakowski Wojciech , Saglietto Andrea , Figini Filippo , Mattesini Alessio , Trabattoni Daniela , Rognoni Andrea , Tomassini Francesco , Bernardi Alessandro , Ryan Nicola , Muscoli Saverio , Helft Gerard , De Filippo Ovidio , Parma Radoslaw , De Luca Leonardo , Ugo Fabrizio , Cerrato Enrico , Montefusco Antonio , Pennacchi Mauro , Wańha Wojciech , Smolka Grzegorz , de Lio Giulia , Bruno Francesco , Huczek Zenon , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Cortese Bernardo , Capodanno Davide , Omedè Pierluigi , Mancone Massimo , Nuñez-Gil Ivan , Romeo Francesco , Varbella Ferdiando , Rinaldi Mauro , Escaned Javier , Conrotto Federico , Burzotta Francesco , Chieffo Alaide , Perl Leor , D’Amico Maurizio , di Mario Carlo , Sheiban Imad , Gagnor Andrea , Giammaria Massimo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: February 2020

Background:
There are limited data regarding the impact of final kissing balloon (FKI) in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention using ultrathin stents in left main or bifurcations.

Methods:
All patients undergoing left main or bifurcations percutaneous coronary intervention enrolled in the RAIN registry (Very Thin Stents for Patients With MAIN or BiF in Real Life: The RAIN, a Multicenter Study) evaluating ultrathin stents were included. Major adverse cardiac event (a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis) was the primary end point, while its components, along with target vessel revascularization, were the secondary end points. The main analysis was performed comparing patients with and without FKI after adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weighting. Subgroup analyses were performed according to FKI (short [<3 mm] versus long overlap), strategy (provisional versus 2-stent), routine versus bail-out FKI, and the use of imaging and proximal optimization technique.

Results:

Two thousand seven hundred forty-two patients were included. At 16 months (8–20) follow-up, inverse probability of treatment weighting adjusted rates of major adverse cardiac event were similar between FKI and no-FKI group (15.1% versus 15.5%;
P
=0.967), this result did not change with use of imaging, proximal optimization technique, or routine versus bail-out FKI. In the 2-stent subgroup, FKI was associated with lower rates of target vessel revascularization (7.8% versus 15.9%;
P
=0.030) and target lesion revascularization (7.3% versus 15.2%;
P
=0.032). Short overlap FKI was associated with a lower rate of target lesion revascularization compared with no FKI (2.6% versus 5.4%;
P
=0.034), while long overlap was not (6.8% versus 5.4%;
P
=0.567).

Conclusions:
In patients with bifurcations or unprotected left main treated with ultrathin stents, short overlap FKI is associated with less restenosis. In a 2-stent strategy, FKI was associated with less target vessel revascularization and restenosis.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03544294.
Electrophysiology Testing to Stratify Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Knecht Sven , Schaer Beat , Reichlin Tobias , Spies Florian , Madaffari Antonio , Vischer Annina , Fahrni Gregor , Jeger Raban , Kaiser Christoph , Osswald Stefan , Sticherling Christian , Kühne Michael 
Published: February 2020

Background

Left bundle branch block (
LBBB
) is common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (
TAVI
) and is an indicator of subsequent high‐grade atrioventricular block (
HAVB
). No standardized protocol is available to identify
LBBB
patients at risk for
HAVB
. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of an electrophysiology study tailored strategy in patients with
LBBB
after
TAVI
.

Methods and Results

We prospectively analyzed consecutive patients with
LBBB
after
TAVI
. An electrophysiology study was performed to measure the
HV
‐interval the day following
TAVI
. In patients with normal His‐ventricular (
HV
)‐interval ≤55 ms, a loop recorder was implanted (
ILR
‐group), whereas pacemaker implantation was performed in patients with prolonged
HV
‐interval >55 ms (
PM
‐group). The primary end point was occurrence of
HAVB
during a follow‐up of 12 months. Secondary end points were symptoms, hospitalizations, adverse events because of device implantation or electrophysiology study, and death. Of 373 patients screened after
TAVI
, 56 patients (82±6 years, 41% male) with
LBBB
were included.
HAVB
occurred in 4 of 41 patients (10%) in the
ILR
‐group and in 8 of 15 patients (53%) in the
PM
‐group (
P
<0.001). We did not identify other predictors for
HAVB
than the
HV
interval. The negative predictive value for the cut‐off of
HV
55 ms to detect
HAVB
was 90%. No
HAVB
‐related syncope occurred in the 2 groups.

Conclusions

An electrophysiology study tailored strategy to
LBBB
after
TAVI
with a cut‐off of
HV
>55 ms is a feasible and safe approach to stratify patients with regard to developing
HAVB
during a follow‐up of 12 months.
Statins and All‐Cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Bae Gi Hwan , Kang Minsun , Kim Soo Wan , Lee Dae Ho 
Published: February 2020

Background
Recommendations have not yet been established for statin therapy in patients on maintenance dialysis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of statin therapy on all‐cause mortality in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Methods and Results

This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from adults, aged ≥30 years, who were on maintenance hemodialysis for end‐stage renal disease. Data on statin use, along with other clinical information between 2007 and 2017, were extracted from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database in Korea. In total, 65 404 patients were included, and 41 549 (73.2%) patients had received statin therapy for a mean duration of 3.6±2.6 years. Compared with statin nonusers before and after the initiation of hemodialysis (entry), patients who initiated statin therapy after entry and patients who continued statins from the pre–end‐stage renal disease to post–end‐stage renal disease period had a lower risk of all‐cause mortality; the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.48 (0.47–0.50;
P
<0.001) for post–end‐stage renal disease only statin users and 0.59 (0.57–0.60;
P
<0.001) for continuous statin users. However, those discontinuing statins before or at entry showed a higher risk of all‐cause mortality. Statin‐ezetimibe combinations were associated with better survival benefits than fixed patterns of statin therapy. These results were consistent across various subgroups, including elderly patients aged >75 years, and were maintained even after propensity score matching.

Conclusions
Our results showed that in adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, statin therapy, preferably combined with ezetimibe, was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality.
Perception as Media: Reconsidering the Arts and Neurotechnology
Authors: Rowland Jess 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent developments in neurotechnology raise the possibility of directly reading out—or sending input into—perceptual awareness. Using Marshall McLuhan's statement “the ‘content’ of any medium is always another medium” as a starting point, the author explores the potential for neural decoding and brain-computer interfaces to support a medium of awareness. This article intends to open a set of questions that reconsider ongoing issues in phenomenology and the arts. If art addresses the human condition, then it is arguably essential for art to address our growing integration with external—and increasingly internal—technology.
Achilles and Helen and Homer’s Telling Silence
Authors: Lambrou Ioannis L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present study focuses on an episode attested only in Proclus’ summary of the now-lost epic poem Cypria, a suggestively erotic ‘rendezvous’ between Achilles and Helen that appears to heighten the hero’s appreciation of her as a driving force, convincing him to persist in the war for her sake. This most prominently contradicts Homer’s portrayal of an Achilles whose choices are fundamentally motivated by his quest for personal honour. As this paper argues, however, the story, though probably post-Homeric in itself, still has a traditional basis in the way it depicts Achilles’ susceptibility to eros. On the other hand, and more importantly, Homer does seem to tacitly acknowledge this less standardised aspect but at the same time agonistically suppresses it, thus achieving an advantageously idiosyncratic coalescence between tradition and individuality.
Diplomacy as Relational Practice
Authors: Qin Yaqing 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Diplomacy is defined as implementation of foreign policy through communication, and the ministry of foreign affairs (MFA) is the chief implementer and communicator. This article challenges the conventional definition and argues that diplomacy is relational practice in the first place. The anchoring practice of diplomacy is to make, manage and build up relations. The MFA, therefore, is the pivotal relator who, to maintain a cooperative relationship, needs to follow two principles, both inspired by ancient Chinese philosophical thinking. The first is ‘the Confucian improvement’, meaning that improvement of self-interest is possible if and only if other-interest is simultaneously improved, and the second, ‘the Mencian optimality’, holding that self-interest is best realised if and only if a community maintains optimally harmonious relations among its members. The MFA is a good implementer and communicator only if it is able to manage well complex relations in international society.
Diplomacy in the Digital Age: Lessons from Denmark’s TechPlomacy Initiative
Authors: Klynge Casper , Ekman Mikael , Waedegaard Nikolaj Juncher 
Published: February 2020

Summary
As a small, open, advanced economy, Denmark has a lot at stake in the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution. However, the speed of emerging technologies and massive influence of multinational tech companies challenge traditional governance structures and diplomatic services around the world, creating a ‘diplomatic deficit’. That is why Denmark became the first country to appoint a Tech Ambassador and elevate technological trends to a foreign and security policy priority in mid-2017. This practitioner’s piece lays out the underlying reasoning behind engaging with the tech industry, the first-hand experiences from the initiative and some hard-won lessons before turning to the future perspectives. TechPlomacy is a political initiative with a global mandate to represent the Danish government vis-à-vis the tech industry with offices in Copenhagen, Silicon Valley and Beijing. The authors argue for new forms of coalition building engaging industry, governments and institutions in addressing the opportunities and risks of technology.
Missionary descriptions of Mande languages: verbal morphology in 19th century grammars
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In spite of the prominent role of missionary linguists in shaping the field of modern African linguistics, the approaches adopted in their early grammar descriptions remain virtually unstudied, just as the descriptions themselves are largely ignored by modern linguists. This study explores the ways two 19th century missionary grammarians, R. Maxwell MacBrair and John Kemp, approached the task of describing verbal morphology of two languages from the Mande family, Mandinka and Susu. I discuss important differences between their approach and the one that has become prevalent in modern descriptive studies; these differences reflect to a large extent the different interests and goals of missionary and academic linguists. I also use the example of the two early grammars to illustrate the diversity of attitudes and approaches to language description concealed behind the label “missionary linguistics”. Even in the narrow domain of verbal morphology – which is far from prominent in the isolating Mande languages – the two grammarians resort to very different strategies for coping with the otherness of the material they describe. The diversity gives us a glimpse of the early stages of the development of a typology-sensitive descriptive tradition that informed the study of African languages as we presently know it.