bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmed spatial organization of biomacromolecules into discrete, coacervate-based protocells
Authors: Altenburg Wiggert J. , Yewdall N. Amy , Vervoort Daan F. M. , van Stevendaal Marleen H. M. E. , Mason Alexander F. , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cell cytosol is crowded with high concentrations of many different biomacromolecules, which is difficult to mimic in bottom-up synthetic cell research and limits the functionality of existing protocellular platforms. There is thus a clear need for a general, biocompatible, and accessible tool to more accurately emulate this environment. Herein, we describe the development of a discrete, membrane-bound coacervate-based protocellular platform that utilizes the well-known binding motif between Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid and His-tagged proteins to exercise a high level of control over the loading of biologically relevant macromolecules. This platform can accrete proteins in a controlled, efficient, and benign manner, culminating in the enhancement of an encapsulated two-enzyme cascade and protease-mediated cargo secretion, highlighting the potency of this methodology. This versatile approach for programmed spatial organization of biologically relevant proteins expands the protocellular toolbox, and paves the way for the development of the next generation of complex yet well-regulated synthetic cells.
Universal scaling laws of collective human flow patterns in urban regions
Authors: Shida Yohei , Takayasu Hideki , Havlin Shlomo , Takayasu Misako 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDetail observation of human locations became available recently by the development of information technology such as mobile phones with GPS (Global Positioning System). We analyzed temporal changes of global human flow patterns in urban regions based on mobile phones’ GPS data in 9 large cities in Japan. By applying a new concept of drainage basins in analogous to river flow patterns, we discovered several universal scaling relations. These include, the number of moving people in a drainage basin of diameter L is proportional to $$L^3$$

L
3

in the morning rush hour, which is surprisingly different from reasonable intuition of proportionality to the 2 dimensional area, $$L^2$$

L
2

. We show that this unexpected 3 dimensional feature is related to the strong attraction of the city center to become a 3 dimensional structure due skyscrapers.
FE vibration analyses of novel conforming meta-structures and standard lattices for simple bricks and a topology-optimized aerodynamic bracket
Authors: Doehring Todd , Nelson William , Harris Thomas , Freed Alan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) enables production of components that are not possible to make using traditional methods. In particular, lattice-type structures are of recent interest due to their potential for high strength-to-weight ratios and other desirable properties. However, standard periodic lattice structures have problems conforming to complex curved and multi-connected shapes (e.g. holes or sharp-to-smooth mating edges). In addition, standard lattices have well known shear and fatigue weaknesses due to their periodic basis/structure. To address these problems, we developed a new type of shape-conforming meta-structure (HGon) that extends lattices, enabling automated conforming to complex shapes and parametric meta-topology control. HGons also have unique vibration dampening and optimization capabilities. This study presents initial FE analyses of (Part 1) dynamic vibration responses of new HGon meta-structures compared with periodic lattices of equivalent density for a series of basic rectangular structures and (Part 2) a complex multi-connected aerodynamic bracket with field-based stress meta-topology optimization. Results show significantly enhanced vibration dampening behavior and superior strength-to-weight ratios for HGon meta-structures as compared to standard lattices.
An animal model study on the gene expression profile of meniscal degeneration
Authors: Fang Yehan , Huang Hui , Zhou Gang , Wang Qinghua , Gao Feng , Li Chunbao , Liu Yujie , Lin Jianping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMeniscal degeneration is a very common condition in elderly individuals, but the underlying mechanisms of its occurrence are not completely clear. This study examines the molecular mechanisms of meniscal degeneration. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) of the right rear limbs of seven Wuzhishan mini-pigs were resected (meniscal degeneration group), and the left rear legs were sham-operated (control group). After 6 months, samples were taken for gene chip analysis, including differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis, clustering analysis, and pathway analysis. The selected 12 DEGs were validated by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The two groups showed specific and highly clustered DEGs. A total of 893 DEGs were found, in which 537 are upregulated, and 356 are downregulated. The GO analysis showed that the significantly affected biological processes include nitric oxide metabolic process, male sex differentiation, and mesenchymal morphogenesis, the significantly affected cellular components include the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and the significantly affected molecular functions include transition metal ion binding and iron ion binding. The pathway analysis showed that the significantly affected pathways include type II diabetes mellitus, inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels, and AMPK signaling pathway. The results of RT-PCR indicate that the microarray data accurately reflects the gene expression patterns. These findings indicate that several molecular mechanisms are involved in the development of meniscal degeneration, thus improving our understanding of meniscal degeneration and provide molecular therapeutic targets in the future.
Changes in diaphragmatic excursion and lung compliance during gynaecologic surgery: open laparotomy versus laparoscopy—a prospective observational study
Authors: Kim Kyungmi , Kim Kyoung-Sun , Jeon A. Rom , Park Jong-Yeon , Choi Woo-Jong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study compared the effects of open versus laparoscopic radical hysterectomy on intraoperative diaphragmatic excursion and lung compliance. We enrolled 20 women per group; Group O’s members underwent open radical hysterectomy, while Group L’s members underwent laparoscopic radical hysterectomy. Diaphragmatic excursion was measured by assessing tidal ventilation using M-mode ultrasonography before intubation (T0), after intubation with mechanical ventilation (T1), 90 min after incision (T2), and at the end of the operation with recovery of muscle relaxation (T3). Peak inspiratory pressure and static lung compliance were measured using an anaesthesia machine combined with a ventilator. Diaphragmatic excursion was significantly lower in Group L than in Group O at T2 (5.3 ± 1.7 mm vs. 7.7 ± 2.0 mm, P < 0.001) and T3 (8.4 ± 1.9 vs. 10.4 ± 2.4, P = 0.011). Impaired diaphragmatic excursion at T3 (< 10 mm under mechanical ventilation) occurred in 15 patients (83.3%) in Group L and seven (38.9%) in Group O (P = 0.006). Changes over time in peak inspiratory pressure and static lung compliance differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.001 each). Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy decreased diaphragmatic excursion and static lung compliance significantly more than open radical hysterectomy.Korean clinical trial number: Korean Clinical Trials Registry (KCT0004477) (Date of registration: November 18 2019) (https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/search_result_st01_en.jsp?seq=14963&ltype=&rtype=).
Effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment on TB incidence among HIV infected children and their clinical profile, retrospective cohort study, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Tiruneh Firew , Deyas Yared 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobally, 1.8 million HIV infected children live with HIV; nearly 53% of them were receiving HIV treatment. People who are infected with HIV are 18 times more likely to develop active TB. Despite antiretroviral treatment has shown marked reduction in TB incidence, TB continues to occur in Sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia among HIV infected people. The effect of highly active antiretroviral treatment is quite successful in developed countries. However, in developing country TB/HIV co-infection remains perplexing among children on the treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ART on the incidence of TB among Children infected with HIV in Southwest Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on randomly selected 800 samples from ART clinic between 2009 and 2014. We used chi-square test, and Mann–Whitney U test to compare HAART naïve and HAART cohort. We used marginal structural models to estimate the effect of HAART on survival while accounting for time-dependent confounders affected by exposure. A total of 800 children were followed for 2942.99 child-years. The children were observed for a median of 51 months with IQR 31 and for a total of 2942.99 child-years. From 506 OIs that occurred, the most common reported OIs were Pneumonia (22%) and TB (23.6%). The overall TB incidence rate was 7.917 per 100 child years (95% CI, 6.933–9.002). Whereas among HAART (7.667 per 100-years (95% CI, 6.318–9.217) and 8.1686 per 100 person-years (95% CI 6.772–9.767) for HAART naïve. The mortality hazard ratio comparing HAART with no HAART from a marginal structural model was 0.642 (95% CI 0.442–0.931, p < 0.02). HAART reduced the hazard of TB in HIV-infected children by 36%. This is by far less than expected.
Radiosurgery for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations in the pre-ARUBA era: long-term obliteration rate, risk of hemorrhage and functional outcomes
Authors: Peciu-Florianu Iulia , Leroy Henri-Arthur , Drumez Elodie , Dumot Chloé , Aboukaïs Rabih , Touzet Gustavo , Leclerc Xavier , Blond Serge , Lejeune Jean-Paul , Reyns Nicolas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe management of non-hemorrhagic arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains a subject of debate, even more since the ARUBA trial. Here, we report the obliteration rate, the risk of hemorrhage and the functional outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) as first-line treatment for non-hemorrhagic AVMs treated before the ARUBA publication, in a reference university center with multimodal AVM treatments available. We retrospectively analyzed data from a continuous series of 172 patients harboring unruptured AVMs treated by GKRS as first-line treatment in our Lille University Hospital, France, between April 2004 and December 2013. The primary outcome was obliteration rate. Secondary outcomes were the hemorrhage rate, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), morbidity and epilepsy control at last follow-up. The minimal follow-up period was of 3 years. Median age at presentation was 40 years (IQR 28; 51). Median follow-up was 8.8 years (IQR 6.8; 11.3). Median target volume was 1.9 cm3 (IQR 0.8–3.3 cm3), median Spetzler-Martin grade: 2 (IQR 1–2), median Pollock-Flickinger score: 1.07 (IQR 0.82–2.94), median Virginia score: 1 (IQR 1–2). Median treatment dose was 24 Gy at 50% isodose line. Twenty-three patients underwent a second GKRS after a median time of 58 months after first GKRS. The overall obliteration rate was of 76%, based primarily on cerebral angiography and/or rarely only upon MRI. Hemorrhage during the post-treatment follow-up was reported in 18 (10%) patients (annual risk of 1.1%). Transient post-GKRS morbidity was reported in 14 cases (8%) and persistent neurological deficit in 8 (4.6%) of patients. At last follow-up, 86% of patients had a mRS ≤ 1. Concerning patients with pretherapeutic epilepsy, 84.6% of them were seizure-free at last follow-up. GKRS as first-line therapeutic option for unruptured cerebral AVMs achieves high obliteration rates (76%) while maintaining a high-level patient’s autonomy. All hemorrhagic events occurred during the first 4 years after the initial GKRS. In cases with epilepsy, there was 84.6% seizure free at last follow-up. Permanent morbidity was reported in only 4.6%.
Implementation of the asparaginase activity assessment technique for clinical use: experience of a Brazilian Center
Authors: Cecconello Daiane Keller , Rechenmacher Ciliana , Werlang Isabel , Zenatti Priscila Pini , Yunes Jose Andres , Alegretti Ana Paula , Lanvers-Kaminsky Claudia , Daudt Liane Esteves , Michalowski Mariana Bohns 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAcute lymphoid leukemia is a childhood cancer that in high-income countries has event-free survival rates of 80% and global survival rates of 90%. In Brazil these rates are under 70%. This difference may be due to the implementation of supportive care, including the assessment of asparaginase (ASNase) activity. ASNase may cause hypersensitivity reactions and silent drug inactivation. For this reason, ASNase activity monitoring is an essential tool to ensure an effective treatment. Our aim was to implement an ASNase activity measurement technique at a hospital setting. samples from children who were given Escherichia coli-derived ASNase were collected. The results of the analyses conducted in our laboratory Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre were compared to those of two institutions: Centro Infantil Boldrini and University of Munster. 262 samples were assessed. The results of the first analyses were compared with those obtained at Centro Infantil Boldrini and showed an ICC of 0.954. Thirty samples were sent to the University of Munster and presented an ICC was 0.960. Our results, when compared to those of national and international centers, showed an excellent agreement. The study was able to implement an ASNase activity test to monitor the treatment.
Ethanol affects behavior and HPA axis activity during development in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Du Wenxiao , Chen Xiaoli , Shi Min , Bian Fuhua , Zhao Zhenjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent studies have shown that long-term alcohol intake from food can lead to numerous mental disorders in humans, and the social and health effects of excessive intake of alcohol currently represent serious problems for governments and families worldwide. However, to date, it has not been determined how alcohol affects the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The zebrafish offers a good model for studying the toxicology of food-grade ethanol. In the present study, using zebrafish larvae exposed to 1% ethanol, we performed zebrafish behavioral analysis. Samples were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments, and statistical analysis was performed. We found that ethanol decreased the locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, which showed a more intense reaction to external stimuli. Ethanol also increased the level of HPA axis hormones in zebrafish larvae, influenced the level of neurotransmitters, and altered the expression of key genes in neurotransmitter metabolism. Ethanol exposure affects zebrafish behavior, increases the level of HPA axis hormones in zebrafish larvae, affects the level of neurotransmitters, and affects the expression of key genes in dopamine and serotonin metabolism. These findings may help to elucidate the effects of ethanol on HPA axis activity.
Noninvasive ventilation with a helmet in patients with acute respiratory failure caused by chest trauma: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Qi , Shan Mengtian , Zhu Hailong , Cao Jianliang , Chen Rongchang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNoninvasive ventilation (NIV) is beneficial in acute respiratory failure (ARF) caused by chest trauma; however, NIV-related complications affect the efficacy. We evaluated whether NIV with helmet decreases the incidence of complications and improves its effects in a single center. Patients with ARF after chest trauma were randomized to receive NIV with helmet or face mask. The primary outcome was the rate of NIV-related complications. Secondary outcomes were PaO2/FiO2, patient’s tolerance, intubation rate, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and ICU mortality. The trial was terminated early after an interim analysis with 59 patients. The incidence of complications was lower in the helmet group [10% (3/29) vs 43% (13/30), P = 0.004], and PaO2/FiO2s were higher at 1 h and at the end of NIV (253.14 ± 64.74 mmHg vs 216.06 ± 43.86 mmHg, 277.07 ± 84.89 mmHg vs 225.81 ± 63.64 mmHg, P = 0.013 and 0.012) compared with them in face mask group. More patients reported excellent tolerance of the helmet vs face mask after 4 h of NIV [83% (24/29) vs 47% (14/30), P = 0.004] and at the end of NIV [69% (20/29) vs 30% (9/30), P = 0.03]. Differences in intubation rate, ICU stay, and mortality were non-significant (P = 0.612, 0.100, 1.000, respectively). NIV with helmet decreased NIV-related complications, increased PaO2/FiO2, and improved tolerance compared with NIV with face mask in patients with chest trauma.Trial registration: Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900025915), a WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (http://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojen.aspx).
Gliding performance is affected by cranial movement of abdominal organs
Authors: Yoshida Naoki , Ota Hideki , Higuchi Satoshi , Sekiguchi Yusuke , Kakihana Takaaki , Sato Haruka , Kimura Tomoyoshi , Izumi Shin-Ichi , Kohzuki Masahiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSwimming is an extremely popular sport around the world. The streamlined body position is a crucial and foundational position for swimmers. Since the density of lungs is low, the center of buoyancy is always on the cranial side and the center of gravity is always on the caudal side. It has been reported that the greater the distance between the centers of buoyancy and gravity, the swimmer’s legs will sink more. This is disadvantageous to swimming performance. However, the way to reduce the distance between the centers of buoyancy and gravity is yet to be elucidated. Here we show that swimmers with high gliding performance exhibit different abdominal cavity shapes in the streamlined body position, which causes cranial movement of the abdominal organs. This movement can reduce the distance between the centers of buoyancy and gravity, prevent the legs from sinking, and have a positive effect on gliding performance.
Doping controlled Fano resonance in bilayer 1T′-ReS2: Raman experiments and first-principles theoretical analysis
Authors: Das Subhadip , Prasad Suchitra , Chakraborty Biswanath , Jariwala Bhakti , Shradha Sai , Muthu D. V. S. , Bhattacharya Arnab , Waghmare U. V. , Sood A. K. 
Published: December 2020

Fano resonance with electron doping for the in-plane Raman mode near 151 cm−1 in ReS2.
A novel iterative observer approach for real‐time harmonic estimation in power distribution networks
Authors: Wang Yuge , Dong Zhen , Li Haiyu , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn power distribution networks, the realisation of online harmonic state estimation puts forward a higher demand on the algorithm accuracy, stability as well as simplicity. To meet the requirements above, a novel iterative observer based method for harmonic state estimation is proposed. This method guarantees the stability of the harmonic estimation observer when output time delays are considered in the power distribution network. Meanwhile, signals with different frequencies can be estimated iteratively. System harmonics are regarded as the unknown exogenous disturbance, and each harmonic at multiple measurements is extracted and estimated iteratively. To guarantee the overall estimator stability, multiple transmission time delay is addressed in the system modelling for the design of observer gain. The proposed method achieves high estimation accuracy from multiple measurements while maintaining a low computation commitment. Comparing with traditional harmonic state estimation methods, the iterative observer is capable of estimating the unexpected harmonics. The IEEE 13‐bus power distribution system built in the real‐time digital simulator demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.
MSNet: A novel end‐to‐end single image dehazing network with multiple inter‐scale dense skip‐connections
Authors: Yi Qiaosi , Jiang Aiwen , Deng Xiaolin , Liu Changhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDehazing is a challenging ill‐posed image restoration task. Various prior‐based and learning‐based methods have been proposed. Among them, end‐to‐end deep models achieve great success on performance improvement. However, most of them are concentrated on feature learning within the same block scale in isolation, and cannot perform associated analysis well on feature characteristics of different scales. Inter‐scale information reuse which is especially beneficial to image restoration is often neglected. Therefore, in this paper, a novel end‐to‐end network with multiple inter‐scale dense skip‐connections for image dehazing is proposed. Sufficient complementary information combination is considered through dense inter‐scale skip‐connections among encoder and decoder block layers. Besides avoiding gradient vanishing, a kind of bottleneck residual block is proposed to control the importance of local gradients at different scales over global learning process. Extensive comparisons and ablation studies on public dehazing datasets and real‐world images have been conducted. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed novel elements can ensure more stable training process and superior testing performance with great improvements on PSNR and SSIM. Authors' haze‐removal results consistently comply satisfactorily with real situations, having much higher definition and contrast without colour distortion than those from the state‐of‐the‐art methods compared in this paper.
On learning based compressed sensing for high resolution image reconstruction
Authors: Islam Sheikh Rafiul , Maity Santi P. , Ray Ajoy Kumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCompressed sensing (CS) or compressive sampling has shown an enormous potential to reconstruct a signal from its highly under‐sampled observations. A high dimensional image processing system can adopt the CS paradigm to reduce the storage and the transmission burden. However, a large sensing system (matrix) is required to capture high dimensional images. The CS reconstruction algorithms demand heavy computational requirement due to the use of large sensing matrix. It sometimes becomes impractical to implement a sensing system of the desired size due to the limited access to the CPU memory. To address this issue, the present work proposes a deep learning based CS framework that uses a convolutional neural network to enable capturing of a high dimensional image by utilizing a multi‐layer subsampling and filtering operations. The proposed approach uses another convolutional neural network that reconstructs the original image without depending on the sensing network at a significantly reduced computational cost. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed method reconstructs a high dimensional image with an improved PSNR value by dB, SSIM value by and FSIM value by compared to the other state‐of‐the‐art methods in less than 1.4 seconds.