bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical properties of insulation materials based on straw and flax boon
Authors: Bakatovich Aliaksandr , Bakatovich Nadezhda , Mel’nikov Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Performance evaluation of environmentally friendly thermal insulation materials based on crushed straw and flax boon was determined by studying the physical parameters of thermal insulation in a climatic chamber and full-scale tests in buildings. In the climatic chamber at an air temperature of –20 °C, depending on the insulation moisture content, the thermal conductivity of the flax boon and straw slabs is 0.058 - 0.072 W/(m·°C), which is 27 - 31% lower than that of straw slabs equal to 0.08 - 0.105 W/(m·°C). With a relative air humidity of 50 - 95%, the moisture content of the flax boon and straw slabs varies within the range of 14 - 18.1% or less by 24% of the values of the crushed straw insulation. Under operating conditions, the thermal conductivity of the attic floor structure with flax boon and straw slabs corresponds to 0.07 W/(m·°C) at an air temperature of −20°C and is 22% less than the similar indicator of flooring with straw slabs equal to 0.09 W/(m·°C). A lower thermal conductivity of the floor structure with the use of flax boon and straw slabs provides an increase in temperature amplitude by 5 - 5.8 °C compared with the use of straw slabs. The results of studies in the climatic chamber and full-scale tests have confirmed the most effective operation of the flax boon and straw slabs as a thermal insulation material, which reduces energy consumption and, consequently, reduces financial costs for heating buildings.
Repair compositions based on methyl methacrylate modified with polyphenylsiloxane resin for concrete and reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Lisyatnikov M S , Roshchina S I , Chukhlanov V Yu , Ivaniuk A M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the development of repair compositions for concrete and reinforced concrete structures based on methyl methacrylate modified with polymethyl phenyl siloxane resin. The condition has been studied and the problem analyzed in the country and abroad, as well as the selection of components for the repair composition. As a binder, methyl methacrylate curable with benzoyl peroxide in the presence of a catalyst - dimethylaniline and a modifier - polymethylphenylsiloxane resin would be used. The filler was finely ground quartz sand. The operational and physicomechanical properties of the resulting compositions were studied: photoabsorption, compressive strength, and tensile strength. Experimentally, the optimal ratio of polymethylphenylsiloxane resin in the composition was found to be 2.5 mass. parts of the modifier per 100 mass. parts including a binder. It was found that the introduction of polymethylphenylsiloxane resin does not significantly affect the adhesion characteristics, the tensile strength is reduced to a small extent. Moreover, the water absorption of the cured composition with a modifier content of 3 mass. parts compared with unmodified resin is reduced four times).
Numerical solution of nonlinear integro-differential equations
Authors: Shodmonova Gulchera , Islomov Utkir , Abdisamatov Otabek , Khikmatullaev Sanjar , Kholiyorov Umirzok , Khamraeva Shakhnoza 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the development of a numerical algorithm for solving nonlinear integro-differential equations based on the use of quadrature formulas. The Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn kernel with weakly singular features of the Abel type is used as a kernel. To conduct a computational experiment, a computer program was developed; the results obtained by this program are reflected in the form of tables and graphs. A test example was solved, and the obtained approximate numerical results were compared with exact solutions. The influence of nonlinearity and integral parts on the nature of oscillatory process of a viscoelastic body was investigated.
Selection and classification of various additives for monolithic concrete depending on the working conditions
Authors: Samatov M A , Cheremisin A V , Borisov A V , Chusov A N , Glinushkin A P , Zueva O A , Dolgopolov A V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents the results of research on the choice of chemical additives for monolithic concrete depending on their types, main properties and applications. The working conditions are analyzed under which various monolithic concrete or monolithic reinforced concrete objects are constructed. The influence of additives on the properties of concrete and its performance characteristics is considered. The recommended calculation of the strength of concrete with additives is presented. It is shown that in the case of additives, the strength calculation should be performed using refined coefficients, mainly for the water-cement ratio. The calculation of the dosage of the additive in concrete, depending on the volume of the prepared mixture, is given. The results of an experiment with the addition of calcium nitrate to the concrete structure are presented, which confirmed an increase in the strength of the product by 20% compared to normal hardening conditions. An approximate method of selecting the most rational additives for concrete, depending on the working conditions, is given. The basis for classification of recommended additives is defined in order to ensure the required properties of concrete, taking into account the conditions of production and operation of objects using elements made of monolithic concrete.
Relaxation processes during activation of cement mixing water
Authors: Pavlov A N , Gol’Tsov Yu I , Mailyan L R , Shcherban’ E M , Stel’Makh S A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The analysis of relaxation processes in water activated thermally or ultraviolet irradiation is carried out. Activation of mixing water leads to earlier hardening of the cement. In this case, activated water loses its properties with a relaxation time that is equal to the activity time of melt water, which is explained by the general reasons for the origin of the increased reaction properties of activated water and melt water. These properties are due to the fact that upon activation, the content of free water molecules increases. In the usual state, part of the water molecules enters the voids of fractal-clathrate structures. During thermal or radiation activation processes characterized by certain relaxation times, these structures are destroyed and free water molecules are released. But after the cessation of activation, relaxation processes take place to restore thermodynamically equilibrium fractal-clathrate structures, and part of the free water is again captured by these structures. Therefore, the reactivity of water after the cessation of activation decreases.
Laser powder cladding automated control method based on advanced monitoring system of processing area by CCD-camera
Authors: Chkalov R V , Kochuev D A , Rodionov D V , Prokoshev V G , Lyukhter A B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The use of CCD cameras for recording the area of high power radiation exposure during laser cladding process is an urgent task in a view of low cost of used equipment and high information content of obtained graphic data. This approach allows real-time recognition of geometric primitives in melt pool area and based on their analysis to evaluate the quality of processing operation. The main objective of the study was to eliminate, by using external illumination, a large dynamic difference in brightness, which negatively affects the quality of images obtained. As a result of the experiments, it was found that the most effective configuration of the video recording system for laser powder surfacing process is the location of camera and illumination module against the direction of head movement. The developed illumination system for the radiation exposure area made it possible to provide conditions acceptable for the automated recognition of images obtained by the CCD camera.
Surface roughness variation in ultrasonic assisted burnishing of high-strength steels
Authors: Malygin Vladimir , Oblovatskaya Natalia , Lapteva Evgenia , Slutskov Vladimir , Shishkina Anastasia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ultrasonic assisted burnishing process is a newly developed alternative of conventional burnishing process that enhances the surface properties of engineering materials. The process needs careful selection of design parameters to improve the quality of surface layer of workpieces made of high-strength steel that are difficult to deform. The analytical models to predict the surface roughness after the ultrasonic assisted burnishing process for surfaces are developed. Feed, ultrasonic influence power and static static force could be considered as main factors influencing to surface roughness at that feed has the greatest impact among other parameters. The models are verified by experimental studies with various ultrasonic burnishing parameters. Technological parameters of the ultrasonic burnishing are found, which decrease surface roughness from 1-2 μm to 0.05-0.55 μm. It is experimentally proved that feed increase results in surface roughness increase. To low the surface roughness of high-strength steel workpieces it is necessary to increase ultrasonic influence power with simultaneous static force lowering. The analytical models obtained in the present work may be employed in determining the best conditions for ultrasonic assisted burnishing in industrial field.
Mesoporous structure favorable for high voltage and high energy supercapacitor based on green tea waste-derived activated carbon
Authors: Gandla Dayakar , Chen Han , Tan Daniel Q 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Designing high voltage, high energy, and activated carbon-based supercapacitors has been a long-time wish for meeting various electronic module requirements. This paper focuses on the approach of synthesizing the hierarchical porous activated carbon with dominant mesopores using eco-friendly green tea waste. The desirable ample pore space achieved by changing the weight ratio of KOH activating agent renders more ionic accessibility and space charge distribution. This feature leads to the achievement of 4 V double layer supercapacitor with a remarkable specific energy of 142 Wh kg−1 and specific power of 3192 W kg−1, respectively using an acetonitrile organic electrolyte. The fabricated cell also exhibits a superior 104% capacitance retention after 25 000 charge-discharge cycles at the working potential of ≥3 V. Besides, the hierarchical porous activated carbon soaked in an aqueous KOH electrolyte shows a high specific capacitance of 397 F g−1 at 5 mA cm−2, high rate capability of 100 mA cm−2, and excellent cycle life of 116% capacitance retention after 50 000 cycles tested at 200 mA cm−2. The larger Debye length of the diffuse ion layer permitted by the mesopores is proposed to explain the higher voltage window as against low voltage of micropore dominated commercial activated carbon. The present research may pave the way toward the design of high-energy supercapacitors through recycling tea waste.
Augmented Human Intelligence and Automated Diagnosis in Flow Cytometry for Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Ng David P , Zuromski Lauren M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesClinical flow cytometry is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive given the need for data review by highly trained personnel such as technologists and pathologists as well as the significant number of normal cases. Given these issues, automation in analysis and diagnosis holds the key to major efficiency gains. The objective was to design an automated pipeline for the diagnosis of B-cell malignancies in flow cytometry and evaluate its performance against our standard clinical diagnostic flow cytometry process.MethodsUsing 3,417 cases of peripheral blood data over 6 months from our 10-color B-cell screening tube, we used a newly described method for feature extraction and dimensionality reduction called UMAP on the raw flow cytometry data followed by random forest classification to classify cases without gating on specific population.ResultsOur automated classifier was able to achieve greater than 95% accuracy in diagnosing all B-cell malignancies, and even better performance for specific malignancies for which the panel was designed, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. By adjusting classifier cutoffs, 100% sensitivity could be achieved with an albeit low 14% specificity. Hypothetically, this would allow 11% of the cases to be autoverified without human intervention.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a clinical implementation of this pipeline can greatly assist in quality control, improve turnaround time, and decrease staff workloads.
Targeting 14-3-3ε activates apoptotic signaling to prevent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Holmes Thomas R , Al Matouq Jenan , Holmes Matti , Sioda Natasha , Rudd Justin C , Bloom Celia , Nicola Lauren , Palermo Nicholas Y , Madson Justin G , Lovas Sándor , Hansen Laura A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
More than a million cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are diagnosed in the USA each year, and its incidence is increasing. Most of these malignancies arise from premalignant lesions, providing an opportunity for intervention before malignant progression. We previously documented how cytoplasmic mislocalization of CDC25A in premalignant and malignant skin cancers confers resistance to apoptotic cell death via a mechanism that depends on its interaction with 14-3-3ε. From these data, we hypothesized that 14-3-3ε overexpression drives skin tumor development and progression, such that targeting 14-3-3ε may be a useful strategy for skin cancer treatment. Like CDC25A, 14-3-3ε was overexpressed and mislocalized to the cytoplasm of both benign and malignant human skin cancer. Skin-targeted deletion of the 14-3-3ε gene reduced skin tumor development by 75% and blocked malignant progression. 14-3-3ε suppressed apoptosis through activation of Akt, leading to inhibition of BCL2 associated agonist of cell death and upregulation of Survivin. Using virtual tetrapeptide libraries, we developed a novel peptide that specifically blocked 14-3-3ε heterodimerization and thereby prevented its interaction with CDC25A. The peptide reduced prosurvival signaling, killed skin cancer cells and reduced skin tumor growth in xenograft. Normal skin keratinocytes were unaffected by inhibition or deletion of 14-3-3ε. Thus, targeting of 14-3-3ε dimerization is a promising strategy for the treatment of premalignant skin lesions.
Decoding the Real-Time Neurobiological Properties of Incremental Semantic Interpretation
Authors: Choi Hun S , Marslen-Wilson William D , Lyu Bingjiang , Randall Billi , Tyler Lorraine K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Communication through spoken language is a central human capacity, involving a wide range of complex computations that incrementally interpret each word into meaningful sentences. However, surprisingly little is known about the spatiotemporal properties of the complex neurobiological systems that support these dynamic predictive and integrative computations. Here, we focus on prediction, a core incremental processing operation guiding the interpretation of each upcoming word with respect to its preceding context. To investigate the neurobiological basis of how semantic constraints change and evolve as each word in a sentence accumulates over time, in a spoken sentence comprehension study, we analyzed the multivariate patterns of neural activity recorded by source-localized electro/magnetoencephalography (EMEG), using computational models capturing semantic constraints derived from the prior context on each upcoming word. Our results provide insights into predictive operations subserved by different regions within a bi-hemispheric system, which over time generate, refine, and evaluate constraints on each word as it is heard.
Respiratory Illness Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and C. ulcerans, and Use of Diphtheria Antitoxin in the United States, 1996–2018
Authors: Otshudiema John O , Acosta Anna M , Cassiday Pamela K , Hadler Stephen C , Hariri Susan , Tiwari Tejpratap S P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Respiratory diphtheria is a toxin-mediated disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria-like illness, clinically indistinguishable from diphtheria, is caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans, a zoonotic bacterium that can also produce diphtheria toxin. In the United States, respiratory diphtheria is nationally notifiable: specimens from suspected cases are submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for species and toxin confirmation, and diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) is obtained from CDC for treatment. We summarize the epidemiology of respiratory diphtheria and diphtheria-like illness and describe DAT use during 1996–2018 in the United States.

Methods
We described respiratory diphtheria cases reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) and C. ulcerans-related diphtheria-like illness identified through specimen submissions to CDC during 1996–2018. We reviewed DAT requests from 1997 to 2018.

Results
From 1996 to 2018, 14 respiratory diphtheria cases were reported to NNDSS. Among these 14 cases, 1 was toxigenic and 3 were nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae by culture and Elek, 6 were culture-negative but polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for diphtheria toxin gene, 1 was culture-positive without further testing, and the remaining 3 were either not tested or tested negative. Five cases of respiratory diphtheria-like illness caused by toxigenic C. ulcerans were identified. DAT was requested by healthcare providers for 151 suspected diphtheria cases between 1997 and 2018, with an average of 11 requests per year from 1997 to 2007, and 3 per year from 2008 to 2018.

Conclusions
Respiratory diphtheria remains rare in the United States, and requests for DAT have declined. Incidental identification of C. ulcerans-related diphtheria-like illness suggests surveillance of this condition might be warranted.
Implementing Nutrition Education Programs in Congregate Dining Service Settings: A Scoping Review
Authors: Juckett Lisa A , Lee Kathy , Bunger Alicia C , Brostow Diana P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Nutrition education programs implemented in congregate dining service (CDS) settings have the potential to improve healthy eating behaviors among older adult populations. However, little is understood about the types of nutrition education programs that are implemented at CDS sites and the factors that impede or promote implementation efforts. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the characteristics of CDS nutrition education programs, barriers and supports to program implementation, and opportunities to enhance implementation of programming.

Research Design and Methods
We adopted a scoping review methodology to assess the relevant literature published between January 2000 and 2020 by accessing CINAHL, SocINDEX, MEDLINE, AgeLine, and Academic Search Complete.

Results
We identified 18 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The majority of nutrition education programs were led by trained facilitators, included the use of interactive activities, and also incorporated written or video materials. Programs that were adapted to the needs of older participants were perceived as supports to implementation whereas participants’ needs and resources (e.g., lack of resources and lower health literacy) were occasionally found to limit the effective implementation of programming.

Discussion and Implications
As the older adult population continues to access CDS sites to address their health and nutritional needs, purposeful efforts are needed to examine the specific approaches that can support nutrition education program implementation. Future opportunities lie in assessing strategies that are effective for mitigating barriers to implementing nutrition education programming in the CDS setting.
An automated workflow for adjoint tomography—waveform misfits and synthetic inversions for the North Island, New Zealand
Authors: Chow Bryant , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Tape Carl , Modrak Ryan , Townend John 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARYWe develop and verify an automated workflow for full-waveform tomography based on spectral element and adjoint methods. We choose the North Island, New Zealand as a study area because of its high seismicity, extensive seismic network, and the availability of a candidate ray tomography starting model. To assess the accuracy of this model, we simulated 250 regional earthquakes using a spectral element solver, and compared the resulting synthetics with recorded waveforms. In a 10–30 s passband, reasonable cross-correlation phase and amplitude misfits exist between data and synthetics, whereas at 2–30 s, waveform misalignment is severe enough that meaningful cross-correlation measurements are no longer possible. To improve the velocity model at these short periods, we created an automated inversion framework based on existing tools for signal processing, phase measurement, nonlinear optimization, and workflow management. To verify the inversion framework, we performed a realistic synthetic inversion for 3-D checkerboard structure and analyzed model recovery, misfit reduction, and waveform improvement. The results of this analysis show that the source–receiver distribution within the chosen domain is capable of resolving velocity anomalies in regions of sufficient data coverage, and of magnitudes comparable to those expected in a real seismic inversion. Along with this finding, the relative ease of use and reliability of the workflow motivates future efforts targeting a high-resolution (2–30 s), large-scale (&gt;50 000 measurements) seismic inversion for the North Island. Updated models from such an inversion are expected to improve ground motion predictions, constrain complex velocity structures, and advance understanding of New Zealand tectonics.
Altered linkage pattern of N-glycan sialic acids in pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Nummela Pirjo , Heiskanen Annamari , Kytölä Soili , Haglund Caj , Lepistö Anna , Satomaa Tero , Ristimäki Ari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a highly mucinous adenocarcinoma growing in the peritoneal cavity and most commonly originating from the appendix. Glycans play an important role in carcinogenesis, and glycosylation is altered in malignant diseases, including PMP. We have previously demonstrated that fucosylation of N-glycans is increased in PMP, but we did not observe modulation of overall sialylation. As sialic acids can be attached to the rest of the glycan via α2,3- or α2,6-linkage, we have now analyzed the linkage patterns of sialic acids in tissue specimens of normal appendices, low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN), low-grade (LG) PMP and high-grade (HG) PMP. For the linkage analysis, the enzymatically released acidic N-glycans were first treated with ethyl esterification or α2,3-sialidase digestion followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Significant increase in the relative abundance of α2,6-sialylated and decrease in α2,3-sialylated N-glycans was observed in PMP tumors as compared to the normal appendices (P &lt; 0.025). More specifically, increased α2,6-sialylation (P &lt; 0.05) and decreased α2,3-sialylation (P &lt; 0.01) were detected in afucosylated and monofucosylated N-glycans of PMPs, whereas the less abundant multifucosylated glycans, containing terminal fucose, demonstrated increased α2,3-sialylation (P &lt; 0.01). Importantly, the increase in α2,6-sialylation was also detected between PMP and the appendiceal precursor lesion LAMN (P &lt; 0.01). The identified glycosylation alterations produce ligands for sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) and sialofucosylated glycans binding selectins, which play a role in the peritoneal dissemination and progression of the disease.