bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Importance of V(IV) During NH3−SCR Using Operando EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Godiksen Anita L. , Funk Marie H. , Rasmussen Søren B. , Mossin Susanne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuggested mechanisms for NH3−SCR on V2O5/TiO2 based catalysts contain both oxidized and reduced vanadium species. The degree of reduction and the importance of the redox properties of the catalyst are however still widely discussed. Here we show the presence of significant amounts of oxidovanadium(IV), VO2+ using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of V2O5/TiO2 and V2O5/WO3/TiO2 under operando selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 in a fixed bed plug flow reactor operating at high space velocity: 420,000 h−1. The V(IV) content at the completely oxidized and reduced states is also analyzed. It is found that a significant part of the vanadium is reduced to the EPR active species, VO2+ at operando SCR conditions and even more when O2 is removed from the SCR gas.
Application of infrared microscopy and alternating least squares to the forensic analysis of automotive paint chips
Authors: Kwofie Francis , Perera Undugodage Don Nuwan , Allen Matthew D. , Lavine Barry K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo collect infrared (IR) absorbance spectra from an automotive paint chip with an IR imaging microscope, it is a common practice to cast the paint chip in epoxy and then cross section it using a microtome to reveal the individual layers of paint. Ideally, the epoxy should present little or no spectral interference. However, the epoxy can infiltrate individual layers of the paint chip as it cures contaminating the IR spectra of the layers and impairing the accuracy of a search of each of these layers against an automotive paint library. In this study, we have demonstrated that automotive paint chips can be successfully cross sectioned without the use of embedding media. Sample preparation is easier, and more importantly, interfering peaks in the spectra due to the epoxy are eliminated. To demonstrate the advantages of this approach for sample preparation, IR image maps of four automotive paint chips that were not cast in epoxy prior to cross sectioning were collected. After each IR image was unfolded using an oblique transit to traverse the image, the spectra of the individual paint layers comprising the line map were reconstructed by alternating least squares. Comparing each recovered IR spectrum against a spectral library, we show that high quality spectral matches were obtained for spectra from the same line/model of the vehicle from which the paint sample originated. When the same paint chips were cast in epoxy prior to cross sectioning, high quality spectral matches could not always be obtained.
Actomyosin‐dependent invasion of endothelial sprouts in collagen
Authors: Vaeyens Marie‐Mo , Jorge‐Peñas Alvaro , Barrasa‐Fano Jorge , Shapeti Apeksha , Roeffaers Maarten , Van Oosterwyck Hans 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring sprouting angiogenesis—the growth of blood vessels from the existing vasculature—endothelial cells (ECs) adopt an elongated invasive form and exert forces at cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction sites. These cell shape changes and cellular tractions require extensive reorganizations of the actomyosin network. However, the respective roles of actin and myosin for endothelial sprouting are not fully elucidated. In this study, we further investigate these roles by treating 2D‐migrating and 3D‐sprouting ECs with chemical compounds targeting either myosin or actin. These treatments affected the endothelial cytoskeleton drastically and reduced the invasive response in a compound‐specific manner; pointing toward a tight control of the actin and myosin activity during sprouting. Clusters in the data further illustrate that endothelial sprout morphology is sensitive to the in vitro model mechanical microenvironment and directs future research toward mechanical substrate guidance as a strategy for promoting engineered tissue vascularization. In summary, our results add to a growing corpus of research highlighting a key role of the cytoskeleton for sprouting angiogenesis.
A New Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase‐B Inhibitor with Extended Conjugation in a Chalcone Framework: 1‐[4‐(Morpholin‐4‐yl)phenyl]‐5‐phenylpenta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐one
Authors: Maliyakkal Naseer , Eom Bo Hyun , Heo Jeong Hyun , Abdullah Almoyad Mohammad Ali , Thomas Parambi Della Grace , Gambacorta Nicola , Nicolotti Orazio , Beeran Asmy Appadath , Kim Hoon , Mathew Bijo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe general blueprint for the design of monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) inhibitors has been based on two phenyl or heteronuclei linked via a spacer of appropriate length. In this study, 1‐[4‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)phenyl]‐5‐phenylpenta‐2,4‐dien‐1‐one (MO10) was prepared by the condensation of 4′‐morpholinoacetophenone and cinnamaldehyde in basic alcoholic medium. MO10 was assessed for inhibitory activity against two human MAO isoforms, MAO‐A and MAO‐B. Interestingly, MO10 showed a remarkable inhibition against MAO‐B with an IC50 value of 0.044 μM along with a selectivity index of 366.13. The IC50 value was better than that of lazabemide (IC50 value of 0.063 μM), which was used as a reference. Kinetics studies revealed that MO10 acted as a competitive inhibitor of MAO‐B, with a Ki value of 0.0080 μM. The observation of recovery of MAO‐B inhibition, compared to reference levels showed MO10 to be a reversible inhibitor. MTT assays showed that MO10 was nontoxic to normal VERO cells with an IC50 value of 195.44 μg/mL. SwissADME predicted that MO10 provided advantageous pharmacokinetics profiles for developing agents acting on the central nervous system, that is, high passive human gastrointestinal absorption and blood–brain barrier permeability. Molecular docking simulations showed that MO10 properly entered the aromatic cage formed by Y435, Y398, and FAD of the active site of MAO‐B. On the basis of these results, MO10 can be considered a promising starting compound in development of agents for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
System performance analysis of cooperative multihop relaying network applying approximation to dual‐hop relaying network
Authors: Panajotović Aleksandra , Sekulović Nikola , Cvetković Aleksandra , Milović Daniela 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this paper, the closed‐form expressions for outage probability, channel capacity, and average symbol error probability are derived for amplify‐and‐forward multihop relay network. Based on approximation of multihop relay by dual‐hop relay systems, the analytical expressions are obtained for the case when maximal ratio combining technique is employed at each relay while destination node uses selection combining technique. The impact of system and channel parameters on the system performances is investigated, and numerical results are graphically presented. The derived analytical expressions are verified by numerical simulation.
Dendrites issues and advances in Zn anode for aqueous rechargeable Zn‐based batteries
Authors: Li Qing , Zhao Yuwei , Mo Funian , Wang Donghong , Yang Qi , Huang Zhaodong , Liang Guojin , Chen Ao , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRechargeable Zn‐based batteries (RZBs) have attracted much attention and been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage featured with high safety, low costs, environmental friendliness, and satisfactory energy density. The aqueous electrolyte system exhibits great potential to power the future wearable electronics. Apart from the achievements of high capacity cathode and stable electrolyte, the anode suffers from problems of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and passivation with limited attention. The dendrite formation strongly restricts the battery lifespan. Therefore, strategies focused on dendrite suppression are carefully categorized and summarized in this review, including crystallographic orientation manipulation, electric field control, ion flux regulation, and mechanical shield. Each strategy and the detailed approaches are critically dissected. Finally, remaining challenges are emphasized in this review, expecting to supply further research with potential directions to fulfill the high performance of the Zn anodes.image
Comparison between paramagnetic and CD71 magnetic activated cell sorting of fetal nucleated red blood cells from the maternal blood
Authors: Nemescu Dragos , Constantinescu Daniela , Gorduza Vlad , Carauleanu Alexandru , Caba Lavinia , Navolan Dan Bogdan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundFetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) from maternal circulation are rare events but can be enriched and used to evaluate the genetics of the fetus. We compared two simplified selection methods of the fetal cells from the maternal blood.MethodsWe isolated fetal cells from maternal blood through double‐density gradient centrifugation followed either by magnetic cell selection, based on the paramagnetic proprieties of the NRBC hemoglobin, converted to methemoglobin, or by a positive magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) enrichment, using anti‐CD71 monoclonal antibodies. Finally, the cells were identified through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific chromosome X and Y probes.ResultsWe processed 10 mL of peripheral blood samples from 27 pregnant women with singleton normal male fetuses. Hemoglobin‐based enrichment isolated significantly more NRBCs: 29.7 × 104 cells than anti‐CD71 MACS: 10.1 × 104 cells (P < .001). The FISH analysis found at least one XY cell in 81.5% and 61.5% of cases, respectively, for paramagnetic and anti‐CD71 selection. Also, the average number of XY cells identified through paramagnetic selection was 5.09 ± 2.5, significantly higher than those observed through CD71 sorting: 3.38 ± 1.7 cells (average ± SE) (P = .03).ConclusionThe combination of density gradient centrifugation with paramagnetic selection has the advantage of simplicity and achieves a minimal manipulation and treatment of cells. It yields an increased number of NRBCs and FISH confirmed fetal cells, compared to the anti‐CD71 sorting.
Synergistic PXT3003 therapy uncouples neuromuscular function from dysmyelination in male Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) rats
Authors: Prukop Thomas , Wernick Stephanie , Boussicault Lydie , Ewers David , Jäger Karoline , Adam Julia , Winter Lorenz , Quintes Susanne , Linhoff Lisa , Barrantes‐Freer Alonso , Bartl Michael , Czesnik Dirk , Zschüntzsch Jana , Schmidt Jens , Primas Gwenaël , Laffaire Julien , Rinaudo Philippe , Brureau Anthony , Nabirotchkin Serguei , Schwab Markus H. , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Hajj Rodolphe , Cohen Daniel , Sereda Michael W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCharcot–Marie–Tooth disease 1 A (CMT1A) is caused by an intrachromosomal duplication of the gene encoding for PMP22 leading to peripheral nerve dysmyelination, axonal loss, and progressive muscle weakness. No therapy is available. PXT3003 is a low‐dose combination of baclofen, naltrexone, and sorbitol which has been shown to improve disease symptoms in Pmp22 transgenic rats, a bona fide model of CMT1A disease. However, the superiority of PXT3003 over its single components or dual combinations have not been tested. Here, we show that in a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) co‐culture system derived from transgenic rats, PXT3003 induced myelination when compared to its single and dual components. Applying a clinically relevant (“translational”) study design in adult male CMT1A rats for 3 months, PXT3003, but not its dual components, resulted in improved performance in behavioral motor and sensory endpoints when compared to placebo. Unexpectedly, we observed only a marginally increased number of myelinated axons in nerves from PXT3003‐treated CMT1A rats. However, in electrophysiology, motor latencies correlated with increased grip strength indicating a possible effect of PXT3003 on neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle fiber pathology. Indeed, PXT3003‐treated CMT1A rats displayed an increased perimeter of individual NMJs and a larger number of functional NMJs. Moreover, muscles of PXT3003 CMT1A rats displayed less neurogenic atrophy and a shift toward fast contracting muscle fibers. We suggest that ameliorated motor function in PXT3003‐treated CMT1A rats result from restored NMJ function and muscle innervation, independent from myelination.
Impact of pulse sequence, analysis method, and signal to noise ratio on the accuracy of intervertebral disc T2 measurement
Authors: Meadows Kyle D. , Johnson Curtis L. , Peloquin John M. , Spencer Richard G. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNoninvasive assessments of intervertebral disc health and degeneration are critical for addressing disc degeneration and low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is exceptionally sensitive to tissue with high water content, and measurement of the MR transverse relaxation time, T2, has been applied as a quantitative, continuous, and objective measure of disc degeneration that is linked to the water and matrix composition of the disc. However, T2 measurement is susceptible to inaccuracies due to Rician noise, T1 contamination, and stimulated echo effects. These error generators can all be controlled for with proper data collection and fitting methods. The objective of this study was to identify sequence parameters to appropriately acquire MR data and to establish curve fitting methods to accurately calculate disc T2 in the presence of noise by correcting for Rician noise. To do so, we compared T2 calculated from the typical monoexponential (MONO) fits and noise corrected exponential (NCEXP) fits. We examined how the selected sequence parameters altered the calculated T2 in silico and in vivo. Typical MONO fits were frequently poor due to Rician noise, and NCEXP fits were more likely to provide accurate T2 calculations. NCEXP is particularly less biased and less uncertain at low SNR. This study showed that the NCEXP using sequences with data from 20 echoes out to echo times of ~300 ms is the best method for calculating T2 of discs. By acquiring signal data out to longer echo times and accounting for Rician noise, the curve fitting is more robust in calculating T2 despite the noise in the data. This is particularly important when considering degenerate discs or AF tissue because the SNR of these regions is lower.
Survival of Adult Female Bighorn Sheep Following a Pneumonia Epizootic
Authors: Dekelaita Daniella J. , Epps Clinton W. , Stewart Kelley M. , Sedinger James S. , Powers Jenny G. , Gonzales Ben J. , Abella‐Vu Regina K. , Darby Neal W. , Hughson Debra L. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBeginning in the early 1900s, poly‐factorial, poly‐microbial pneumonia was identified as a disease affecting bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and it continues to threaten bighorn populations, posing an ongoing management challenge. In May and June 2013, a pneumonia outbreak linked to the pathogen Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae led to an all‐age die‐off of desert bighorn sheep (O. c. nelsoni) at Old Dad Peak in the Kelso Mountains of the Mojave Desert in California, USA. Subsequently, we observed clinical signs of respiratory disease among bighorn sheep in multiple neighboring ranges. Our objective was to investigate post‐outbreak survival of adult female bighorn across 9 populations from 2014 to 2017 in the Mojave Desert and evaluate the relationship between M. ovipneumoniae infection and survival, while testing effects of range factors that could potentially influence differences in adult female survival (i.e., forage quality, winter precipitation, population abundance). We fitted adult females with radio‐collars following the outbreak and collected serum and nasal swab samples for competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing to determine exposure and infection status at time of capture. We tracked survival of 115 adult females with radio‐collars and used the known‐fate model in Program MARK to evaluate effects and estimate survival from November 2013 to March 2017. Annual survival was negatively correlated with positive infection status at capture but varied across populations with respect to differences in range conditions. Summer and autumn forage quality, as represented by mean normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values for summer and autumn, was positively correlated with overwinter survival, whereas winter precipitation (a proxy for winter severity) was negatively correlated with overwinter survival. Population abundance was negatively correlated with annual survival, suggesting a potential density‐dependent effect. Model‐averaged annual survival estimates ranged from 0.700 ± 0.07 (SE) to 0.945 ± 0.026 for infected individuals and 0.896 ± 0.03 to 0.983 ± 0.011 for uninfected individuals. We conclude that summer and autumn forage quality, indexed by NDVI, may partially offset the negative effect associated with M. ovipneumoniae infection on host survival. Our survival modeling results suggest that chronic infection may have afflicted adult females that were PCR‐positive (i.e., infected with M. ovipneumoniae) at time of capture. We propose programmatic re‐testing of infected individuals to assess pathogen persistence at the individual level and evaluate whether selective culling might potentially help to reduce prevalence and transmission within populations. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Anticorrosion property enhancement of Al–Li alloy 2A97 by lowering machined surface roughness
Authors: Niu Jintao , Liu Zhanqiang , Wang Guijie , Huang Weimin , Xu Ying 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, after face‐milling Al–Li alloy 2A97 under dry machining condition, the machined surface roughness Sa and Sz are dealt with statistical analyses. Then, the supplementary face‐milling trials are conducted to verify the analyses and gain the effect of the feed rate per tooth (fz) on Sa and Sz. Lastly, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests are conducted on the machined surfaces to determine their corrosion resistance. The variance analyses show that although fz and the depth of cut are more important than the width of cut and the cutting speed, each of the four parameters is individually insignificant to Sa and Sz. Therefore, the quadratic regression models that take the interaction effects of the parameters into consideration are established. The validity of the models is proved with the comparisons between the measured and calculated Sa and Sz. The equivalent circuit models are proposed on the basis of the shape characteristics of the impedance spectra for machined surfaces. The estimations from the circuit models reveal the superiority in the corrosion resistances of face‐milled surfaces with the optimized surface roughness.
A novel splicing pathogenic variant in COL1A1 causing osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type I in a Chinese family
Authors: Han Yaxin , Wang Dongming , Guo Jinli , Xiong Qiuhong , Li Ping , Zhou Yong‐An , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a rare autosomal inheritable disorder characterized by bone fragility and skeletal deformity, is caused by pathogenic variants in genes impairing the synthesis and processing of extracellular matrix protein collagen type I. With the use of next‐generation sequencing and panels approaches, an increasing number of OI patients can be confirmed and new pathogenic variants can be discovered. This study sought to identify pathogenic gene variants in a Chinese family with OI I.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was used to identify pathogenic variants in the proband, which is confirmed by Sanger sequencing and cosegregation analysis; MES, HSF, and Spliceman were used to analyze this splicing variant；qRT‐PCR was performed to identify the mRNA expression level of COL1A1 in patient peripheral blood samples; Minigene splicing assay was performed to mimic the splicing process of COL1A1 variants in vitro; Analysis of evolutionary conservation of amino acid residues and structure prediction of the mutant protein.ResultsA novel splicing pathogenic variant (c.3814+1G>T) was identified in this OI family by using whole‐exome sequencing, Sanger sequencing, and cosegregation analysis. Sequencing of RT‐PCR products from the COL1A1 minigene variant reveals a 132‐nucleotide (nt) insertion exists at the junction between exons 48 and exon 49 of the COL1A1 cDNA. Splicing assay indicates that the mutated minigene produces an alternatively spliced transcript which may cause a frameshift resulting in early termination of protein expression. The molecular analysis suggested that the altered amino acid is located at the C‐terminus of type I procollagen.ConclusionOur study reveals the pathogenesis of a novel COL1A1 splicing pathogenic variant c.3814+1G>T in a Chinese family with OI I.
Protein Requirements during Hypocaloric Nutrition for the Older Patient With Critical Illness and Obesity: An Approach to Clinical Practice
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrent guidelines recommend a hypocaloric, high protein nutrition regimen for patients with obesity and critical illness. The impact of advancing age presents with unique challenges in which a greater protein intake is required to overcome the anabolic resistance associated with aging in the face of presumed decreased renal function. The primary objective of this review is to provide an overview of the impact of obesity and advancing age on protein requirements for patients with critical illness and review the scientific evidence supporting the rationale for hypocaloric, high protein nutrition for this subpopulation, as well as provide some practical suggestions for their clinical management.
Substance use disorders and criminal justice contact among those with co‐occurring antisocial and borderline personality disorders: Findings from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Howard Richard , Hasin Deborah , Stohl Malki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne variant of borderline personality disorder (BPD), frequently encountered in forensic and correctional samples, is the ‘dissocial’ subtype that combines borderline and antisocial traits. We tested the hypothesis that this subtype, defined by the co‐occurrence of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and BPD (ASPD + BPD), would be associated with high rates of substance use disorder and contact with the criminal justice (CJ) system in a large nationally representative sample of North American adults (N = 36 309). Results suggested that the dissocial variant of BPD was associated with a high risk for substance use disorders and CJ contact. The odds of these outcomes were significantly raised about fivefold in ASPD + BPD individuals in comparison with those who lacked either an ASPD or BPD diagnosis. ASPD + BPD, compared with BPD alone, was also associated with significantly (p < 0.0001) greater severity of borderline symptoms. Although CJ contact appears to be strongly driven by ASPD, substance use, primarily driven by severity of borderline symptoms, added to the risk of CJ contact. It is suggested that, in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases terms, the dissocial borderline variant is a severe form of personality disorder characterized by high levels of traits within domains of negative emotionality and dissociality. Further studies will be required to verify this suggestion. © 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd