bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass, solar heat, and hydropower
Authors: Jelley Nick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
‘Biomass, solar heat, and hydropower’ discusses three forms of renewable energy: biomass, solar heat, and hydropower. Biomass and biofuels provide energy via heat generation and food consumption. But with the rising global population, land resources are being drastically depleted, and using biomass for energy can clash with growing plants for food, and cause serious home air pollution. Solar heating for homes and industry is facing competition from electrically driven systems, but the chapter shows that the outlook for concentrated solar power is encouraging, as its cost is falling, and the availability of supply after sunset offered by concentrated solar power plants with thermal storage can be a significant advantage over solar photovoltaic farms. In a hydropower plant, the energy in water falling from a height is converted to electrical energy using a turbine. Although hydropower plants can provide large amounts of low-cost, low-carbon electricity, and provide useful energy storage through pumped storage plants, serious social and environmental issues need to be considered when deciding whether the construction of a new hydroelectric scheme is appropriate.
corto: a lightweight R package for gene network inference and master regulator analysis
Authors: Mercatelli Daniele , Lopez-Garcia Gonzalo , Giorgi Federico M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Gene network inference and master regulator analysis (MRA) have been widely adopted to define specific transcriptional perturbations from gene expression signatures. Several tools exist to perform such analyses but most require a computer cluster or large amounts of RAM to be executed.

Results
We developed corto, a fast and lightweight R package to infer gene networks and perform MRA from gene expression data, with optional corrections for copy-number variations and able to run on signatures generated from RNA-Seq or ATAC-Seq data. We extensively benchmarked it to infer context-specific gene networks in 39 human tumor and 27 normal tissue datasets.

Availability and implementation
Cross-platform and multi-threaded R package on CRAN (stable version) https://cran.r-project.org/package=corto and Github (development release) https://github.com/federicogiorgi/corto.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evaluating biomarkers for treatment selection from reproducibility studies
Authors: Song Xiao , Dobbin Kevin K 
Published: March 2020

Summary
We consider evaluating new or more accurately measured predictive biomarkers for treatment selection based on a previous clinical trial involving standard biomarkers. Instead of rerunning the clinical trial with the new biomarkers, we propose a more efficient approach which requires only either conducting a reproducibility study in which the new biomarkers and standard biomarkers are both measured on a set of patient samples, or adopting replicated measures of the error-contaminated standard biomarkers in the original study. This approach is easier to conduct and much less expensive than studies that require new samples from patients randomized to the intervention. In addition, it makes it possible to perform the estimation of the clinical performance quickly, since there will be no requirement to wait for events to occur as would be the case with prospective validation. The treatment selection is assessed via a working model, but the proposed estimator of the mean restricted lifetime is valid even if the working model is misspecified. The proposed approach is assessed through simulation studies and applied to a cancer study.
Borrowing of information across patient subgroups in a basket trial based on distributional discrepancy
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Wason James M S 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBasket trials have emerged as a new class of efficient approaches in oncology to evaluate a new treatment in several patient subgroups simultaneously. In this article, we extend the key ideas to disease areas outside of oncology, developing a robust Bayesian methodology for randomized, placebo-controlled basket trials with a continuous endpoint to enable borrowing of information across subtrials with similar treatment effects. After adjusting for covariates, information from a complementary subtrial can be represented into a commensurate prior for the parameter that underpins the subtrial under consideration. We propose using distributional discrepancy to characterize the commensurability between subtrials for appropriate borrowing of information through a spike-and-slab prior, which is placed on the prior precision factor. When the basket trial has at least three subtrials, commensurate priors for point-to-point borrowing are combined into a marginal predictive prior, according to the weights transformed from the pairwise discrepancy measures. In this way, only information from subtrial(s) with the most commensurate treatment effect is leveraged. The marginal predictive prior is updated to a robust posterior by the contemporary subtrial data to inform decision making. Operating characteristics of the proposed methodology are evaluated through simulations motivated by a real basket trial in chronic diseases. The proposed methodology has advantages compared to other selected Bayesian analysis models, for (i) identifying the most commensurate source of information and (ii) gauging the degree of borrowing from specific subtrials. Numerical results also suggest that our methodology can improve the precision of estimates and, potentially, the statistical power for hypothesis testing.
Heritable arrhythmias associated with abnormal function of cardiac potassium channels
Authors: Crotti Lia , Odening Katja E , Sanguinetti Michael C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cardiomyocytes express a surprisingly large number of potassium channel types. The primary physiological functions of the currents conducted by these channels are to maintain the resting membrane potential and mediate action potential repolarization under basal conditions and in response to changes in the concentrations of intracellular sodium, calcium, and ATP/ADP. Here, we review the diversity and functional roles of cardiac potassium channels under normal conditions and how heritable mutations in the genes encoding these channels can lead to distinct arrhythmias. We briefly review atrial fibrillation and J-wave syndromes. For long and short QT syndromes, we describe their genetic basis, clinical manifestation, risk stratification, traditional and novel therapeutic approaches, as well as insights into disease mechanisms provided by animal and cellular models.
Migrating Extremists
Authors: Ochsner Christian , Roesel Felix 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe show that migrating extremists can shape political equilibria in the long run. Regions in Austria that witnessed an influx of Nazis fleeing the Soviets after WWII still have significantly higher far-right vote shares today. Institutions and family ties perpetuate persistence. Migrated Nazi elites founded and penetrated local party branches that cultivate and preserve far-right ideologies, even when outside conditions temporarily change. Phonebook entries from 1942 allow tracing current far-right party membership back to past migration. Our results suggest that controlling migrating extremists is crucial to contain the spread of radical movements.
A parallel side graft—frontage graft—technique for intercostal artery reimplantation during thoraco-abdominal aorta replacement
Authors: Lee Jae Hang , Park Kay-Hyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the conventional way of thoraco-abdominal aortic replacement, the intercostal arteries are reimplanted directly to the main aortic graft or by the interposition of branch grafts. To overcome the disadvantages of these techniques, we adopted a different technique using a parallel side graft. The good patency rate of reimplanted intercostal arteries achieved by this technique and its potential technical advantages can contribute to the improvement of the surgical outcome.
Youth injury and parents’ unemployment—the importance of socio-economic status and ethnicity context
Authors: Maya Siman-Tov , Aviad Tur-Sinai , Tanya Kolobov , Orna Baron-Epel , Yossi Harel-Fisch 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Youth whose parents are unemployed have poorer health and well-being, including more injuries that result in hospitalization. The current study examined the possibility of an association of parents’ employment status with youth injury and the interaction of this status with other socio-economic factors and ethnicity.

Methods
We distributed to adolescents aged 11–15 years, in class, the Israel Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Survey. We distinguished between any injury and severe injury, defining the latter as one necessitating the use of a cast, stitches and crutches or overnight hospitalization.

Results
Of 13 705 respondents, 6224 (45%) had an injury in the past year that required medical treatment and 1827 pupils (13.5%) reported severe injuries. The odds of any injury were 1.86 for boys as against girls (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73–1.99), 0.80 for school grade (95% CI 0.78–0.82), 1.56 for Arabs vs. Jews (95% CI 1.43–1.70) and 1.10 for high Family Affluence Scale (FAS) vs. medium FAS (95% CI 1.01–1.21). Only in the low FAS group, when two parents were unemployed, the odds for severe injury was 1.36 (95% CI 1.03–1.78); when one or two parents were employed, the odds of severe child injury were the same (OR 1.13 and 95% CI 0.92–1.40).

Conclusion
Factors that were found to increase the risk of injury among youth were parental unemployment, low socio-economic status and Arab ethnicity. The home environment was the most common place for injury.
HIV prevention and treatment in Southern Europe in the aftermath of bailout programmes
Authors: Augusto Gonçalo F , Hodges-Mameletzis Ioannis , Karanikolos Marina , Abrantes Alexandre , Martins Maria R O 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The global financial crisis impacted public health in Europe, and had a particularly critical detriment to health systems in Southern Europe. We aim to describe HIV response and progress towards the current global HIV targets in specific Southern European countries, which received financial adjustment programmes.

Methods
We examined and compared a set of HIV indicators in Cyprus, Greece, Portugal and Spain. The indicators included: (i) HIV epidemiology; (ii) adoption of WHO’s ‘Treat All’ recommendation; (iii) progress towards the UNAIDS global targets of 90–90–90; (iv) adoption/implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP); and (v) adoption/implementation of WHO’s HIV self-testing (HIVST) recommendation.

Results
HIV incidence varied across countries since 2010, with sustained declines in Portugal and Spain, and marked increases in Greece and Cyprus. By 2016, all four countries have adopted WHO’s ‘Treat All’ recommendation, leading to a marked increase in people receiving ART. Improvements were seen in all 90–90–90 targets, with Portugal achieving those in 2017, but Greece lagging somewhat behind, as of 2016. Portugal and Spain have also started implementing PrEP, and Greece has completed a pilot with no additional access to PrEP for pilot participants and no national programme in place. Cyprus has been the slowest in terms of adopting PrEP and HIVST.

Conclusions
Countries need to focus on prioritizing effective and comprehensive prevention measures, including HIVST and PrEP, and scale-up access to quality treatment and care for those diagnosed, in order to accelerate the reduction of new HIVs infections and successfully meet the global targets for HIV treatment.
An Outreach Rehabilitation Program for Nursing Home Residents After Hip Fracture May Be Cost-Saving
Authors: Beaupre Lauren A , Lier Doug , Magaziner Jay S , Jones C Allyson , Johnston D William C , Wilson Donna M , Majumdar Sumit R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the cost-effectiveness of 10 weeks of outreach rehabilitation (intervention) versus usual care (control) for ambulatory nursing home residents after hip fracture.MethodsEnrollment occurred February 2011 through June 2015 in a Canadian metropolitan region. Seventy-seven participants were allocated in a 2:1 ratio to receive a 10-week rehabilitation program (intervention) or usual care (control) (46 intervention; 31 control). Using a payer perspective, we performed main and sensitivity analyses. Health outcome was measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), using the EQ5D, completed at study entry, 3-, 6-, and 12-months. We obtained patient-specific data for outpatient visits, physician claims, and inpatient readmissions; the trial provided rehabilitation utilization/cost data. We estimated incremental cost and incremental effectiveness.ResultsGroups were similar at study entry; the mean age was 87.9 ± 6.6 years, 54 (71%) were female and 58 (75%) had severe cognitive impairment. EQ5D QALYs scores were nonsignificantly higher for intervention participants. Inpatient readmissions were two times higher among controls, with a cost difference of −$3,350/patient for intervention participants, offsetting the cost/intervention participant of $2,300 for the outreach rehabilitation. The adjusted incremental QALYs/patient difference was 0.024 favoring the intervention, with an incremental cost/patient of −$621 for intervention participants; these values were not statistically significant. A sensitivity analysis reinforced these findings, suggesting that the intervention was likely dominant.ConclusionA 10-week outreach rehabilitation intervention for nursing home residents who sustain a hip fracture may be cost-saving, through reduced postfracture hospital readmissions. These results support further work to evaluate postfracture rehabilitation for nursing home residents.
Pulled or pushed? The spatial diffusion of wind energy between local demand and supply
Authors: Bednarz Marcel , Broekel Tom 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to and connects the literature on spatial innovation diffusion, entrepreneurship, and industry life-cycles by disentangling the relevance of local demand and supply in the adoption of wind energy production. More precisely, we evaluate the strength of local supply–push effects with those of local demand–pull over the course of the evolution of an industry and its main product evolution. By using Bayesian survival models with time-dependent data of wind turbine deployment and firm foundation for 402 German regions between the years 1970 and 2015, we show that the spatial evolution of the German wind energy industry was more strongly influenced by local demand–pull than local supply–push processes. New producers are found to emerge in proximity to existing local demand for wind turbines. No evidence was found for producers being able to create local demand for their products by pushing the adoption of the technology in their regions.
Temporal pattern of aortic remodelling after endovascular treatment for chronic DeBakey IIIb dissection
Authors: Kim Tae-Hoon , Song Suk-Won , Heo Woon , Lee Kwang-Hun , Yoo Kyung-Jong , Lee Hye Sun , Cho Bum-Koo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Endovascular treatment has emerged as a safe procedure for treating chronic DeBakey IIIb dissection. The objective of this study was to investigate the mid-term outcome and temporal pattern of aortic remodelling after endovascular treatment for DeBakey IIIb dissection.

METHODS
From 2012 to 2017, 85 patients who underwent endovascular aortic repair for DeBakey IIIb dissection were enrolled. The temporal pattern of aortic remodelling in terms of false lumen (FL) thrombosis [level 1 (∼T7), level 2 (T7 ∼ coeliac axis) and level 3 (coeliac trunk ∼ aortic bifurcation)] and aortic diameter [mid-thoracic level (T7), coeliac axis and the largest infrarenal abdominal aorta] was investigated on serial follow-up computed tomography scan.

RESULTS
Eighty-five patients underwent endovascular treatment during the study period. Male sex was a significant risk factor for repetitive reintervention and segments 2 and 3 FL thrombosis. The preoperative FL diameter at T7 was significantly associated with FL diameter regression. The number of visceral vessels from the FL and residual DeBakey IIIb dissection after type A repair were significant factors for FL growth at the coeliac trunk and at the largest infrarenal abdominal aorta. The overall mortality was 3 (3.6%).

CONCLUSIONS
Endovascular treatment is a safe strategy in the management of DeBakey IIIb dissection. However, unfavourable aortic remodelling and repetitive reintervention were expected in male patients with a large number of visceral vessels from the FL and residual DeBakey IIIb dissection after type A repair. Endovascular treatment should be cautiously considered, and close follow-up is required for these patients.
Dicamba use and cancer incidence in the agricultural health study: an updated analysis
Authors: Lerro Catherine C , Hofmann Jonathan N , Andreotti Gabriella , Koutros Stella , Parks Christine G , Blair Aaron , Albert Paul S , Lubin Jay H , Sandler Dale P , Beane Freeman Laura E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
The herbicide dicamba has been commonly used agriculturally and residentially. Recent approval of genetically engineered dicamba-resistant crops is expected to lead to increased dicamba use, and there has been growing interest in potential human health effects. A prior analysis in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS) suggested associations between dicamba and colon and lung cancer. We re-evaluated dicamba use in the AHS, including an additional 12 years and 2702 exposed cancers.

Methods
The AHS is a prospective cohort of pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. At enrollment (1993–1997) and follow-up (1999–2005), participants reported dicamba use. Exposure was characterized by cumulative intensity-weighted lifetime days, including exposure lags of up to 20 years. We estimated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable Poisson regression for incident cancers diagnosed from enrollment through 2014/2015.

Results
Among 49 922 applicators, 26 412 (52.9%) used dicamba. Compared with applicators reporting no dicamba use, those in the highest quartile of exposure had elevated risk of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (nexposed = 28, RRQ4 = 1.80, CI: 1.26–2.56, Ptrend &lt; 0.001) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL, nexposed = 93, RRQ4 = 1.20, CI: 0.96–1.50, Ptrend = 0.01) and decreased risk of myeloid leukaemia (nexposed = 55, RRQ4 = 0.73, CI: 0.51–1.03, Ptrend = 0.01). The associations for liver cancer and myeloid leukaemia remained after lagging exposure of up to 20 years.

Conclusions
With additional follow-up and exposure information, associations with lung and colon cancer were no longer apparent. In this first evaluation of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer, there was an association with increasing use of dicamba that persisted across lags of up to 20 years.
Psychosocial Factors and the Care Cascade for Hepatitis C Treatment Colocated at a Syringe Service Program
Authors: Winetsky Daniel , Burack Daniel , Antoniou Pantelis , Garcia Bill , Gordon Peter , Scherer Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly effective. However, people who inject drugs face significant barriers to DAA access.

Methods
We describe a program that colocates HCV management within a syringe service program in New York City. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with confirmed HCV viremia.

Results
From 2015 to 2018, 102 patients with viremia completed intake. Fifty-eight patients started DAAs. Nine patients discontinued treatment or were lost to follow-up before completion; 1 is continuing DAA treatment. Of 48 patients who completed therapy, sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 43 (89.6%). Age and established mental health treatment at intake were associated with SVR. Regular cocaine use was negatively associated with SVR in univariate analysis, but this association was not significant after adjustment for age. Of 30 patients completing DAA therapy with active illicit opioid use at intake, 14 (46.4%) engaged in opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during therapy, and 9 remained in OUD treatment after completion of DAA treatment.

Conclusions
Loss to follow-up is a challenge for people who inject drugs, but among those who completed treatment, SVR was achieved at a high rate. Mental health treatment may facilitate HCV cure. Conversely, HCV therapy may facilitate engagement in OUD treatment and other services.
Gumming Up The Works: Field Tests of a New Food-Grade Gum as Behavioral Disruptor for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Rossi Stacconi M V , Tait G , Rendon D , Grassi A , Boyer G , Nieri R , Walton V M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii Matsumura is an economically important pest of small and stone fruits. Its establishment in the Americas and Europe marked an important turning point in crop management programs. Ten years after its first detection, an effective integrated pest management program has yet to be developed and pesticides are mainly used to control this pest. Here we test a new behavioral control tool, with the aim to develop an alternative pest control strategy. A food-grade gum matrix, was evaluated under controlled and open field conditions for its ability to attract the pest and protect the ripening fruit. Here, we report that the gum effectively reduces fruit infestation when used under managed conditions. We show that a single point source can affect D. suzukii behavior over a 3.6 m radius and last for up to 21 d. Open field data reveal that the efficacy of the gum is significantly impacted by water content. We discuss these results in respect to the future implications for D. suzukii management, along with important considerations on gum mechanism of action, possible application strategies and economic suitability for growers.
Targeted Groups, Rape and Dolus Eventualis
Authors: Fry Elinor , van Sliedregt Elies 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article discusses a number of substantive law developments at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) after the issuance of the trial judgment in Case 002/02 against Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan. It focuses on three themes emblematic of the Khmer Rouge era’s unique set of facts: the identification of targeted groups, male victims of rape in the context of forced marriage and the mens rea standard of indirect intent or dolus eventualis. These themes are distilled from the most pertinent jurisprudential developments regarding a number of specific crimes and a mode of liability: persecution on political grounds, genocide, other inhumane acts through conduct characterized as rape in the context of forced marriage, extermination and joint criminal enterprise. This article posits that these substantive law developments have an important place in international criminal law’s corpus as a rare stepping stone between the post-World War II trials and the modern-day international criminal courts and tribunals.