bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature on prevalence of health and welfare conditions in pigs: time-series analysis of pig abattoir inspection data in England and Wales
Authors: Lee H. , Perkins C. , Gray H. , Hajat S. , Friel M. , Smith R. P. , Williamson S. , Edwards P. , Collins L. M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of many diseases in pigs displays seasonal distributions. Despite growing concerns about the impacts of climate change, we do not yet have a good understanding of the role that weather factors play in explaining such seasonal patterns. In this study, national and county-level aggregated abattoir inspection data were assessed for England and Wales during 2010–2015. Seasonally-adjusted relationships were characterised between weekly ambient maximum temperature and the prevalence of both respiratory conditions and tail biting detected at slaughter. The prevalence of respiratory conditions showed cyclical annual patterns with peaks in the summer months and troughs in the winter months each year. However, there were no obvious associations with either high or low temperatures. The prevalence of tail biting generally increased as temperatures decreased, but associations were not supported by statistical evidence: across all counties there was a relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 0.776–1.363) for every 1 °C fall in temperature. Whilst the seasonal patterns observed in this study are similar to those reported in previous studies, the lack of statistical evidence for an explicit association with ambient temperature may possibly be explained by the lack of information on date of disease onset. There is also the possibility that other time-varying factors not investigated here may be driving some of the seasonal patterns.
Malposition of left atrial disc and feasibility of recapturing Figulla-II Occlutech septal occluder
Authors: Sadiq Masood , Qureshi Ahmad U. , Amin Zahid 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report a case of Figulla-II Occlutech septal occluder malposition with residual shunt at posteriosuperior margin of an atrial septal defect. Improvising its bioptome type delivery cable, same system was used to recapture the device and redeploy it successfully. This report highlights a potential malfunction of Figulla-II Occlutech disc and the advantage of its delivery system for retrieval of the device.
Weekly variation in diet and physical activity among 4–75-year-old Danes
Authors: Nordman Matilda , Matthiessen Jeppe , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Ritz Christian , Hjorth Mads F 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:To compare dietary intake and physical activity (PA) between days of the week in a large sample of the Danish population; furthermore, to investigate the influence of gender and age as determinants for weekly variation.Design:Analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity 2011–2013. Dietary intake and PA were assessed by 7 d of pre-coded food diaries and pedometer-determined step counts. Dietary intake and PA on weekdays (Monday–Thursday), Friday, and weekend days (Saturday and Sunday) were compared using linear mixed models.Setting:Survey with national representation, conducted in Denmark between 2011 and 2013.Participants:A random sample of 4–75-year-old Danes,n3934 andn3530 in analysis of dietary intake and PA, respectively.Results:Energy intake during Friday and weekend days was 7–20 % higher compared with weekdays, while step counts were 10 and 17 % lower on Saturday and Sunday, respectively (allP< 0·001). Energy density of liquids and solids, consumption of added sugar, alcohol, discretionary foods, beer, wine and sugar-sweetened beverages were substantially higher, and consumption of dietary fibre, vegetables, fruit and wholegrain products were lower, during Friday and weekend days compared with weekdays (allP< 0·001). The observed patterns were present across gender and age, although weekly variation was most pronounced among children and relatively modest among the elderly.Conclusions:Weekend health behaviours of Danes display less favourable eating and PA behaviour compared with weekdays, making the weekend an important target for public health interventions aiming to improve dietary intake and PA behaviour.
Chemicals, cans and factories: how grade school children think about processed foods
Authors: Bleiweiss-Sande Rachel , Goldberg Jeanne , Evans E Whitney , Chui Ken , Bailey Caitlin , Sacheck Jennifer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective:To determine how children interpret terms related to food processing; whether their categorisation of foods according to processing level is consistent with those used in research; and whether they associate the degree of processing with healthfulness.Design:Qualitative data were collected from ten focus groups. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematic analysis was conducted.Setting:Four elementary and afterschool programmes in a large, urban school district in the USA that served predominantly low-income, racial/ethnic minority students.Participants:Children, 9–12 years old, in the fourth–sixth grades (n 53).Results:The sample was 40 % male, 47 % Hispanic with a mean age of 10·4 ± 1·1 years. Children’s understanding of unprocessed foods was well aligned with research classifications, while concordance of highly processed foods with research categorisations varied. Five primary themes regarding the way children categorised foods according to their processing level emerged: type and amount of added ingredients; preparation method; packaging and storage; change in physical state or sensory experience; and growing method. Most children associated processing level with healthfulness, describing unprocessed foods as healthier. The most common reason provided for the unhealthfulness of processed foods was added ingredients, including ‘chemicals’ and ‘sugar’.Conclusions:The current study demonstrated that children have a working knowledge of processing that could be leveraged to encourage healthier eating patterns; however, their understanding is not always consistent with the classification systems used in research. The vocabulary used by researchers and consumers to talk about processing must be reconciled to translate findings into actionable messages.
A review of congenital tremor type A-II in piglets
Authors: Stenberg Hedvig , Jacobson Magdalena , Malmberg Maja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCongenital tremor (CT) is a neurological disease that affects new-born piglets. It was described in 1922 and six different forms, designated type AI-V and type B, are described based on the causative agents, as well as specific histological findings in the central nervous system (CNS). The various forms present with identical clinical signs consisting of mild to severe tremor of the head and body, sometimes complicated with ataxia. By definition, all A-forms have hypomyelination of the CNS, whereas there are no histopathological lesions with the B-form. The cause of the A-II form was long unknown, however, at present several different viruses have been proposed as the causative agent: porcine circovirus-II (PCV-II), astrovirus, PCV-like virus P1, and atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Currently, APPV is the only virus that has been proven to fulfill Mokili's Metagenomic Koch's Postulates. Following infection of the pregnant sow, the virus passes the placental barrier and infects the fetus. Interestingly, no clinical signs of disease have been associated with APPV in adult pigs. Furthermore, other viruses cannot be ruled out as additional potential causes of CT. Given the increased interest and research in CT type A-II, the aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge.
Early integration of palliative care in a long-term care home: A telemedicine feasibility pilot study
Authors: Perri Giulia-Anna , Abdel-Malek Nada , Bandali Aysha , Grosbein Haddas , Gardner Sandra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivePalliative care plays an essential role in enhancing the quality of life and quality of death for residents in long-term care homes (LTCHs). Access to palliative care specialists is one barrier to providing palliative care to LTCHs. This project focused on palliative telemedicine, specifically evaluating whether integration of early palliative care specialist consultation into an LTCH would be feasible through the implementation of videoconferencing during routine interdisciplinary care conferences.MethodThis was a mixed-methods evaluation of a pilot program implementation over 6 months, to integrate early palliative care into an LTCH. There were two pilot communities with a total of 61 residents. Resident demographics were collected by a chart review, and palliative telemedicine feasibility was evaluated using staff and family member surveys.ResultsFor the 61 residents, the average age of the residents was 87 years, with 61% being female and 69% having dementia as the primary diagnosis. The mean CHESS (Change in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms) and ADL (Activities of Daily Living) scores were 0.8 and 4.0, respectively, with 54% having a Palliative Performance Scale score of 40. Seventeen clinical staff surveys on palliative teleconferences were completed with the majority rating their experience as high. Ten out of the 20 family members completed the palliative teleconference surveys, and the majority were generally satisfied with the experience and were willing to use it again. Clinical staff confidence in delivering palliative care through telemedicine significantly increased (P = 0.0021).Significance of resultsThe results support the feasibility of videoconferencing as a means of palliative care provision. Despite technical issues, most clinical staff and families were satisfied with the videoconference and were willing to use it again. Early integration of palliative care specialist services into an LTCH through videoconferencing also led to improved self-rated confidence in the palliative approach to care by clinical staff.
Spatially Asymmetric Increase in Hot Electron Fraction in the Io Plasma Torus During Volcanically Active Period Revealed by Observations by Hisaki/EXCEED From November 2014 to May 2015
Authors: Hikida R. , Yoshioka K. , Tsuchiya F. , Kagitani M. , Kimura T. , Bagenal F. , Schneider N. , Murakami G. , Yamazaki A. , Kita H. , Nerney E. , Yoshikawa I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe satellite Io, which has volcanoes and is located at 5.9 RJ from the center of Jupiter, is a powerful plasma source in the magnetosphere. The heavy ions originating from Io form a torus‐like structure and emit radiation. The pickup energy and hot electrons are believed to power the Io plasma torus. Voyager data showed that a trace amount of hot electrons (at several hundreds of eV) exist in the torus. The origin of hot electrons, that is, plasma heating and/or transport mechanisms, have been mentioned in previous research. However, the contribution of each mechanism toward supplying hot electrons remains poorly understood. To address this issue, we explored the time variation and spatial structure of hot electrons by spectroscopic observations using the Hisaki satellite. In this study, the radial distributions of plasma densities and temperatures were derived from the emission line intensities in the extreme ultraviolet range of day of year (DOY) 331 in 2014 to DOY 134 in 2015, which includes the Io's volcanically active period. We found that hot electrons inside the torus began to increase particularly on the duskside ~40 days after the onset of volcanic activity. This result suggests that the mass increase in the torus with volcanic activity enhanced the plasma transport from the outside within a specific region or via a local heating process.
Effects of Topography and Realistic Drag on the Southern Hemisphere Midlatitude Jet in a Dry Model
Authors: Pithan F. , Polichtchouk I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClimate models have substantial biases in the climatological latitude of the Southern Hemisphere eddy‐driven jet and the time scale of annular mode variability and disagree on the jet response to climate change. Zonally symmetric dry dynamical cores are often used for idealized modeling of the jet response to forcing and its sensitivity to model setup changes. The limits to which these models represent the key mechanisms that control the jet in complex models or the real world have not been systematically investigated. Here we show that substantial intermodel differences in jet latitude and strength can arise from differences in dynamical cores and resolved topography. Including topography and a more realistic surface drag in a dry model substantially alters the jet response to changes in drag strength. Using real‐world maps, enhanced drag over land shifts the jet poleward, whereas enhanced drag over the ocean leads to an equatorward shift. No universal relationship between annular mode time scale and forced response emerges in the dry model with topography. These results suggest that zonally symmetric models with Rayleigh drag lack important mechanisms that control the behavior of the midlatitude jet in coupled climate models. A dry model with topography and quadratic surface drag can fill this gap in the model hierarchy.
Inhibition of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor corrects maternal inflammation-induced microglial and synaptic dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities
Authors: Ikezu Seiko , Yeh Hana , Delpech Jean-Christophe , Woodbury Maya E. , Van Enoo Alicia A. , Ruan Zhi , Sivakumaran Sudhir , You Yang , Holland Carl , Guillamon-Vivancos Teresa , Yoshii-Kitahara Asuka , Botros Mina B. , Madore Charlotte , Chao Pin-Hao , Desani Ankita , Manimaran Solaiappan , Kalavai Srinidhi Venkatesan , Johnson W. Evan , Butovsky Oleg , Medalla Maria , Luebke Jennifer I. , Ikezu Tsuneya 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMaternal immune activation (MIA) disrupts the central innate immune system during a critical neurodevelopmental period. Microglia are primary innate immune cells in the brain although their direct influence on the MIA phenotype is largely unknown. Here we show that MIA alters microglial gene expression with upregulation of cellular protrusion/neuritogenic pathways, concurrently causing repetitive behavior, social deficits, and synaptic dysfunction to layer V intrinsically bursting pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of mice. MIA increases plastic dendritic spines of the intrinsically bursting neurons and their interaction with hyper-ramified microglia. Treating MIA offspring by colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitors induces depletion and repopulation of microglia, and corrects protein expression of the newly identified MIA-associated neuritogenic molecules in microglia, which coalesces with correction of MIA-associated synaptic, neurophysiological, and behavioral abnormalities. Our study demonstrates that maternal immune insults perturb microglial phenotypes and influence neuronal functions throughout adulthood, and reveals a potent effect of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitors on the correction of MIA-associated microglial, synaptic, and neurobehavioral dysfunctions.
Therapeutic effects of Tetanus neurotoxin in spinal cord injury: a case series on four dogs
Authors: Hesse Stefan , Kutschenko Anna , Bryl Beatrice , Deutschland Martin , Liebetanz David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Study design
Case series on four dogs.

Objectives
To determine the alleviation of motor symptoms in spinal cord injury (SCI) by tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT).

Setting
Different Berlin veterinary clinics, Germany.

Methods
We report on the effect of intramuscular injections of low-dose TeNT into paretic hind limb muscles 2–157 weeks after SCI due to lumbar disc herniation in a clinical case series on four dogs. All dogs underwent unsuccessful or incomplete surgical decompression prior to TeNT treatment. TeNT was injected on a compassionate basis. Stance, gait ability and the diameter of the rectus femoris muscle were assessed as parameters.

Results
All four dogs improved their stance and three of these dogs improved in gait at 4 and 6 weeks after TeNT injections without evidence of side effects or spreading of TeNT effects. At the same time, the size of the rectus femoris muscle diameter increased considerably as compared with baseline (baseline: 100%; 4 weeks: 148.7% ± 10.9%; 6 weeks: 137.1% ± 7.9%).

Conclusions
Facilitation of α-motor neurons by TeNT injections into paretic hind limb muscles of four dogs improved standing and/or gait abilities and partly reversed muscle atrophy after SCI. The absence of generalized or painful muscle spasms supports the safety of low-dose TeNT. Therefore, TeNT might evolve as a promising therapeutic option for muscle paresis of central origin, e.g. in individuals with SCI, stroke or multiple sclerosis.
Metabolic potentials of archaeal lineages resolved from metagenomes of deep Costa Rica sediments
Authors: Farag Ibrahim F , Biddle Jennifer F , Zhao Rui , Martino Amanda J , House Christopher H , León-Zayas Rosa I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Numerous archaeal lineages are known to inhabit marine subsurface sediments, although their distributions, metabolic capacities, and interspecies interactions are still not well understood. Abundant and diverse archaea were recently reported in Costa Rica (CR) margin subseafloor sediments recovered during IODP Expedition 334. Here, we recover metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of archaea from the CR margin and compare them to their relatives from shallower settings. We describe 31 MAGs of six different archaeal lineages (Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota, Heimdallarchaeota, Bathyarcheota, Thermoplasmatales, and Hadesarchaea) and thoroughly analyze representative MAGs from the phyla Lokiarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota. Our analysis suggests the potential capability of Lokiarchaeota members to anaerobically degrade aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. We show it is genetically possible and energetically feasible for Lokiarchaeota to degrade benzoate if they associate with organisms using nitrate, nitrite, and sulfite as electron acceptors, which suggests a possibility of syntrophic relationships between Lokiarchaeota and nitrite and sulfite reducing bacteria. The novel Bathyarchaeota lineage possesses an incomplete methanogenesis pathway lacking the methyl coenzyme M reductase complex and encodes a noncanonical acetogenic pathway potentially coupling methylotrophy to acetogenesis via the methyl branch of Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. These metabolic characteristics suggest the potential of this Bathyarchaeota lineage to be a transition between methanogenic and acetogenic Bathyarchaeota lineages. This work expands our knowledge about the metabolic functional repertoire of marine benthic archaea.
Ultralow thermal conductivity from transverse acoustic phonon suppression in distorted crystalline α-MgAgSb
Authors: Li Xiyang , Liu Peng-Fei , Zhao Enyue , Zhang Zhigang , Guidi Tatiana , Le Manh Duc , Avdeev Maxim , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya , Kofu Maiko , Nakajima Kenji , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Ren Yang , Wang Xun-Li , Wang Bao-Tian , Ren Zhifeng , Zhao Huaizhou , Wang Fangwei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLow thermal conductivity is favorable for preserving the temperature gradient between the two ends of a thermoelectric material, in order to ensure continuous electron current generation. In high-performance thermoelectric materials, there are two main low thermal conductivity mechanisms: the phonon anharmonic in PbTe and SnSe, and phonon scattering resulting from the dynamic disorder in AgCrSe2 and CuCrSe2, which have been successfully revealed by inelastic neutron scattering. Using neutron scattering and ab initio calculations, we report here a mechanism of static local structure distortion combined with phonon-anharmonic-induced ultralow lattice thermal conductivity in α-MgAgSb. Since the transverse acoustic phonons are almost fully scattered by the compound’s intrinsic distorted rocksalt sublattice, the heat is mainly transported by the longitudinal acoustic phonons. The ultralow thermal conductivity in α-MgAgSb is attributed to its atomic dynamics being altered by the structure distortion, which presents a possible microscopic route to enhance the performance of similar thermoelectric materials.
Color-tunable ultralong organic room temperature phosphorescence from a multicomponent copolymer
Authors: Gu Long , Wu Hongwei , Ma Huili , Ye Wenpeng , Jia Wenyong , Wang He , Chen Hongzhong , Zhang Nan , Wang Dongdong , Qian Cheng , An Zhongfu , Huang Wei , Zhao Yanli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFunctional materials displaying tunable emission and long-lived luminescence have recently emerged as a powerful tool for applications in information encryption, organic electronics and bioelectronics. Herein, we present a design strategy to achieve color-tunable ultralong organic room temperature phosphorescence (UOP) in polymers through radical multicomponent cross-linked copolymerization. Our experiments reveal that by changing the excitation wavelength from 254 to 370 nm, these polymers display multicolor luminescence spanning from blue to yellow with a long-lived lifetime of 1.2 s and a maximum phosphorescence quantum yield of 37.5% under ambient conditions. Moreover, we explore the application of these polymers in multilevel information encryption based on the color-tunable UOP property. This strategy paves the way for the development of multicolor bio-labels and smart luminescent materials with long-lived emission at room temperature.
Ambulance Services Associated with Extreme Temperatures and Fine Particles in a Subtropical Island
Authors: Wang Yu-Chun , Lin Yu-Kai , Chen Yi-Jhih , Hung Shih-Chan , Zafirah Yasmin , Sung Fung-Chang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the association between the risk of events requiring ambulance services and the ambient temperature and particulate matter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) for populations living in subtropical Taiwan. We used a distributed lag nonlinear model with a quasi-Poisson function to assess the roles of ambient temperature, PM10and PM2.5in the use of ambulance services for respiratory distress, coma and unconsciousness, chest pain, lying down in public, headaches/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each specific event were calculated in association with the ambient conditions. In general, the events that required ambulance services had a V-shaped or J-shaped association with the temperature, where the risks were higher at extreme temperatures. The RR of each event was significant when the patients were exposed to temperatures in the 5thpercentile (<15 °C); patients with OHCA had the highest adjusted RR of 1.61 (95% CI = 1.47–1.77). The risks were also significant for coma/unconsciousness, headaches/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope, and OHCA but not for respiratory distress, chest pain and lying down in public, after exposure to the 99thpercentile temperatures of >30 °C. The risks for use of ambulance services increased with PM exposure and were significant for events of respiratory distress, chest pain and OHCA after exposure to the 99thpercentile PM2.5after controlling for temperatures. Events requiring ambulance services were more likely to occur when the ambient temperature was low than when it was high for the population on the subtropical island of Taiwan. The association of the risk of events requiring ambulance services with PM were not as strong as the association with low temperatures.