bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting IL-3Rα on tumor-derived endothelial cells blunts metastatic spread of triple-negative breast cancer via extracellular vesicle reprogramming
Authors: Lopatina Tatiana , Grange Cristina , Cavallari Claudia , Navarro-Tableros Victor , Lombardo Giusy , Rosso Arturo , Cedrino Massimo , Pomatto Margherita Alba Carlotta , Koni Malvina , Veneziano Francesca , Castellano Isabella , Camussi Giovanni , Brizzi Maria Felice 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe lack of approved targeted therapies highlights the need for new treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) acts as an autocrine factor for tumor–endothelial cells (TEC), and exerts pro-angiogenic paracrine action via extracellular vesicles (EVs). IL-3Rα blockade on TEC changes TEC-EV (anti-IL-3R-EV) microRNA (miR) content and promotes the regression of established vessels. As TEC is the doorway for “drug” entry into tumors, we aimed to assess whether IL-3R blockade on TEC impacts tumor progression via its unique EV cargo. First, the expression of IL-3Rα was evaluated in 27 human TNBC samples. It was noticed that, besides TEC and inflammatory cells, tumor cells from 55.5% of the human TNBC samples expressed IL-3Rα. Using human TNBC cell lines for in vitro studies, we found that, unlike native TEC-EVs (nEVs), anti-IL-3R-EVs increase apoptosis and reduced cell viability and migration. In vivo, anti-IL-3R-EV treatment induced vessel regression in established tumors formed of MDA-MB-231 cells, decreased Vimentin, β-catenin, and TWIST1 expression, almost abolished liver and lung metastases from primary tumors, and reduced lung metastasis generated via the intravenous injection of MDA-MB-231 cells. nEVs depleted of miR-24-3p (antago-miR-24-3p-EVs) were effective as anti-IL-3R-EVs in downregulating TWIST1 and reducing metastatic lesions in vivo. Consistent with network analyses of miR-24-3p gene targeting, anti-IL-3R-EVs and antago-miR-24-3p-EVs upregulate SPRY2 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Finally, SPRY2 silencing prevented anti-IL-3R-EV and antago-miR-24-3p-EV-mediated apoptotic cues.Overall, these data provide the first evidence that IL-3Rα is highly expressed in TNBC cells, TEC, and inflammatory cells, and that IL-3Rα blockade on TEC impacts tumor progression.
The role of death domain proteins in host response upon SARS-CoV-2 infection: modulation of programmed cell death and translational applications
Authors: Ivanisenko Nikita V. , Seyrek Kamil , Kolchanov Nikolay A. , Ivanisenko Vladimir A. , Lavrik Inna N. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe current pandemic of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant global public health threat. While urgent regulatory measures in control of the rapid spread of this virus are essential, scientists around the world have quickly engaged in this battle by studying the molecular mechanisms and searching for effective therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. At present, the exact mechanisms of programmed cell death upon SARS-CoV-2 infection remain to be elucidated, though there is increasing evidence suggesting that cell death pathways play a key role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several types of programmed cell death, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. These distinct programs are largely controlled by the proteins of the death domain (DD) superfamily, which play an important role in viral pathogenesis and host antiviral response. Many viruses have acquired the capability to subvert the program of cell death and evade the host immune response, mainly by virally encoded gene products that control cell signaling networks. In this mini-review, we will focus on SARS-CoV-2, and discuss the implication of restraining the DD-mediated signaling network to potentially suppress viral replication and reduce tissue damage.
Broadband metasurface design for terahertz quantum‐cascade VECSEL
Authors: Curwen C.A. , Reno J.L. , Williams B.S. 
Published: October 2020

A broadband active metasurface is designed around quantum‐cascade (QC) gain material for use in a broadband tunable QC vertical external‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VECSEL). The metasurface is based on a unit cell containing two resonant waveguide elements that couple with the periodicity of the metasurface to produce a multi‐resonant reflection spectrum. Simulated reflectance spectra exhibit full‐width half‐maximum bandwidths up to 50% of the centre frequency. The tested QC‐VECSEL demonstrates up to 15 mW of peak pulse power at 77 K and supports multimode lasing from 2.85 to 3.9 THz (>30% fractional bandwidth around 3.37 THz). The frequency coverage is limited by how short the cavity can be made, rather than the metasurface bandwidth. Consistent multimoding results from non‐uniform distribution of spectral energy across the surface.
Ophthalmology Practice during Peak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Community Perspective
Authors: Zahour John , Karadaghy Amin , Rodrigues Eduardo B. , Cruz Oscar A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective The rise of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has spread to more than 188 countries and has affected more than 13 million people. In response to this crisis, recommendations by the World Health Organization have changed the practice of current medicine, but there is little research as to how high-volume ambulatory specialties such as ophthalmology are adapting. The purpose of this study is to determine how ophthalmology practices are reacting and changing during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Approval was obtained from Saint Louis University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. An anonymous survey was made on Google Forms and distributed to ophthalmologists throughout the world. Questions were divided into five sections: demographics, general questions, inpatient care/consults, practice management, and personal impact. The survey was opened on March 31, 2020, and closed on April 12, 2020. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results A total of 494 responders from 42 countries completed the survey. Respondents were predominantly practicing ophthalmologists (85%), with the next highest demographic being ophthalmology trainees (8%). Fear of spreading COVID-19 to patients or loved ones was the highest source of anxiety among practitioners across all practice settings and continental location (p = 0.003). The second source of anxiety varied, with private practitioners identifying financial difficulty compared with employed clinicians listing self-contamination. Anxiety levels were the same throughout all practice settings, ages, and subspecialties (p = 0.2527). Ophthalmologists listed ophthalmological Web sites/societies, discussion with colleagues, and social media as primary sources of guidance with no difference based on practice setting (p = 0.143). Finally, all continents increased their application of telemedicine as a patient care modality, with North America expanding significantly more than other continents.Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed ophthalmology practice and has added a high level of stress to ophthalmologists globally. These results demonstrate that clinicians are largely alike across age group, country, and specialty, but key differences in source of anxiety and in application of telemedicine highlight diversity in culture and reaction to the pandemic.
Comparison of 12-Month Outcomes of Kahook Dual Blade Excisional Goniotomy Performed by Attending versus Resident Surgeons
Authors: Pratte Eli L. , Landreneau James R. , Hirabayashi Matthew T. , An Jella A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy (KDB) has proven effective in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and reducing the medication burden in patients with glaucoma. This study compares outcomes up to 12 months postoperatively after KDB combined with phacoemulsification (phaco-KDB) between an ophthalmology attending and residents.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 160 eyes of 113 patients who received a phaco-KDB performed by either an ophthalmology attending or a resident under direct guidance of the attending. Data for each patient was collected preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was surgical success, defined as 20% IOP reduction or at least 1 medication reduction at 12 months. The secondary outcome measures included mean IOP and medication reduction at each postoperative time point, adverse events, operating time, and survival time, defined as time to failure to meet the criteria for surgical success or requiring a secondary IOP-lowering procedure.
Results Preoperative mean IOP was comparable between the two groups (p = 0.585), while baseline medications were higher in the attending group (p = 0.040). Rate of successful outcomes was similar in both groups at 12 months (73.3% attending vs. 87.5% residents, p = 0.708). Mean IOP reduction (1.7 vs. 4.3%, p = 0.278) and medication reduction (0.7 vs. 0.6, p = 0.537) also did not differ at 12 months. Presence of adverse events was similar between the groups (21.6 vs. 27.3%, p = 0.938). The survival time was significantly longer in the attending group (356.3 ± 20.2 days vs. 247.1 ± 26.8 days, p = 0.003). Resident cases took ∼10 minutes longer compared with attending cases (p < 0.001).
Conclusion IOP lowering outcomes and rate of adverse events of KDB were similar whether the primary surgeon was an attending or a resident surgeon. The survival time was significantly longer in the attending group, but overall success rate was 77.5% for both groups. This suggests phaco-KDB is an effective procedure that can be safely performed by a trainee under direct supervision of an experienced surgeon.
Responding to Patient-Initiated Verbal Sexual Harassment: Outcomes of a Pilot Training for Ophthalmologists
Authors: Hock Lauren E. , Scruggs Brittni A. , Barlow Patrick B. , Oetting Thomas A. , Abràmoff Michael D. , Shriver Erin M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Sexual harassment of physicians by patients is highly prevalent and rarely reported. Little is known on how to prepare physicians to handle verbal sexual harassment that detracts from their ability to provide care but does not meet the threshold for reporting.
Purpose To assess the impact of a sexual harassment workshop and toolkit for ophthalmologists and ophthalmology trainees on responding to patient-initiated verbal sexual harassment.
Methods A survey study of ophthalmology faculty, fellows, and residents who participated in workshops on responding to patient-initiated verbal sexual harassment was performed at an academic center. A toolkit of strategies for response was distributed. Volunteer participants completed a retrospective pretest–posttest evaluation at the conclusion of the workshop and follow-up survey 3 weeks after the workshops on whether they experienced harassment and intervened. The pretest–posttest surveys assessed the workshop's effect on ophthalmologists' perceptions of and preparedness to respond to sexual harassment in the moment using a 5-point Likert scale, including bystander intervention. Participants described their responses observing and/or experiencing patient-initiated sexual harassment in the 3 weeks following the workshop and whether they had intervened toward the harassment.
Results Ophthalmologists (n = 31) felt significantly more prepared to respond to patient-initiated sexual harassment directed toward themselves or a trainee in the moment after participating in the workshop (4.5 ± 1.63) than before (3.0 ± 1.3) with a mean change of 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.98–2.2, p < 0.001). After the workshop, 86.3% of participants felt mostly or completely prepared to respond to comments about their age, gender, marital status, appearance, attractiveness, a specific body part, and sexual or inappropriate jokes. Most participants (83.9%) said that they had not previously received training on techniques for responding to patient-initiated sexual harassment. Two-thirds (66.7%) of participants who experienced (n = 8) or observed (n = 13) harassment (n = 15) following the workshop intervened. All participants who intervened toward patient-initiated harassment behavior after the workshop (n = 10) found the Sexual Harassment Toolkit helpful in addressing harassment in the moment.
Conclusion Participation in a brief skills-based workshop significantly improved ophthalmologists' preparedness to respond to verbal sexual harassment by patients.
Current Models for Inpatient and Emergency Room Ophthalmology Consultation in U.S. Residency Programs
Authors: Kim Donna H. , Choi Dongseok , Hwang Thomas S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective This article examines models of patient care and supervision for hospital-based ophthalmology consultation in teaching institutions.
Design This is a cross-sectional survey.
Methods An anonymous survey was distributed to residency program directors at 119 Accreditation Council for Graduated Medical Education accredited U.S. ophthalmology programs in the spring of 2018. Survey questions covered consult volume, rotational schedules of staffing providers, methods of supervision (direct vs. indirect), and utilization of consult-dedicated didactics and resident competency assessments.
Results Of the 119 program directors, 48 (41%) completed the survey. Programs most frequently reported receiving 4 to 6 consults per day from the emergency department (27, 55.1%) and 4 to 6 consults per day from inpatient services (26, 53.1%). Forty-seven percent of programs reported that postgraduate year one (PGY-1) or PGY-2 residents on a dedicated consult rotation initially evaluate patients. Supervising faculty backgrounds included neuro-ophthalmology, cornea, comprehensive, or a designated chief of service. Staffing responsibility is typically shared by multiple faculty on a daily or weekly rotation. Direct supervision was provided for fewer of emergency room consults (1–30%) than for inpatient consults (71–99%). The majority of programs reported no dedicated didactics for consultation activities (27, 55.1%) or formal assessment for proficiency (33, 67.4%) prior to the initiation of call-related activities without direct supervision. Billing submission for consults was inconsistent and many consults may go financially uncompensated (18, 36.7%).
Conclusion The majority of hospital-based ophthalmic consultation at academic centers is provided by a rotating pool of physicians supervising a lower level resident. Few programs validate increased levels of graduated independence using specific assessments.
Blood Biomarkers and 6- to 7-Year Childhood Outcomes Following Neonatal Encephalopathy
Authors: Pappas Athina , Shankaran Seetha , McDonald Scott A. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Laptook Abbot R. , Tyson Jon E. , Das Abhik , Skogstrand Kristin , Hougaard David M. , Higgins Rosemary D. 
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to profile the cytokine/chemokine response from day 0 to 7 in infants (≥36 weeks of gestational age) with neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and to explore the association with long-term outcomes.
Study Design This was a secondary study of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Research Network randomized controlled trial of whole body hypothermia for NE. Eligible infants with moderate–severe NE were randomized to cooling or normothermia. Blood spots were collected on days 0 to 1, 2 to 4, and 6 to 7. Twenty-four cytokines/chemokines were measured using a multiplex platform. Surviving infants underwent neurodevelopmental assessment at 6 to 7 years. Primary outcome was death or moderate–severe impairment defined by any of the following: intelligence quotient <70, moderate–severe cerebral palsy (CP), blindness, hearing impairment, or epilepsy.
Results Cytokine blood spots were collected from 109 participants. In total 99 of 109 (91%) were assessed at 6 to 7 years; 54 of 99 (55%) developed death/impairment. Neonates who died or were impaired had lower early regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and higher day 7 monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 levels than neonates who survived without impairment. Though TNF-α levels had no association with death/impairment, higher day 0 to 1 levels were observed among neonates who died/developed CP. On multiple regression analysis adjusted for center, treatment group, sex, race, and level of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, higher RANTES was inversely associated with death/impairment (odds ratio (OR): 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13–0.74), while day seven MCP-1 level was directly associated with death/impairment (OR: 3.70, 95% CI: 1.42–9.61). Targeted cytokine/chemokine levels demonstrated little variation with hypothermia treatment.
Conclusion RANTES and MCP-1 levels in the first week of life may provide potential targets for future therapies among neonates with encephalopathy.
Key Points
Addressing Disparities in Prenatal Care via Telehealth During COVID-19: Prenatal Satisfaction Survey in East Harlem
Authors: Futterman Itamar , Rosenfeld Emily , Toaff Miriam , Boucher Taryn , Golden-Espinal Samantha , Evans Kamilah , Clare Camille A. 
Published: October 2020

Objective In the setting of an inner city, safety net hospital, patient satisfaction with prenatal care conducted via telehealth was compared with in-person visits at the height of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Study Design Through this cross-sectional study, patients were identified who received at least one televisit and one in-person visit during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction (SAPS) survey was used to measure patient satisfaction. Surveys pertaining to in-person and televisits were conducted at the end of a telephone encounter, and overall satisfaction scores were documented. Patients were excluded if they received in-person or virtual care only and not both. The SAPS score correlated with the degree of patient satisfaction.
Results A total of 140 patients were identified who received both virtual and in-person prenatal care from March 1, 2020 to May 1, 2020. One hundred and four patients (74%) agreed to be surveyed: 77 (74%) self-identified as Hispanic and 56 (54%) stated that their primary language was Spanish. The overall median satisfaction score for televisits and in-person visits was 20 (interquartile range [IQR]: 20, 25) and 24 (IQR: 22, 26) (p = 0.008, Z score = 2.651). In patients who self-identified as Hispanic or identified their primary language as Spanish, there was no statistically significant difference in their satisfaction scores.
Conclusion While there were lower scores in patient satisfaction for televisits in every category, there were no clinically significant differences since all medians were in the “satisfied” range. By lowering patient exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially for those at risk for reduced access to care and higher COVID-19 cases by zip code, telehealth allowed for appropriate continuation of satisfactory prenatal care with no impact on patient perceived satisfaction of care.
Key Points
A new feature for detecting defects in ultrasonic high-speed rail inspection
Authors: Markov A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In high-speed testing of railway rails using ultrasonic transducers, there are significant deviations of the carrier frequency of echo signals from the frequency of filling the probing pulses. They are caused by the Doppler Effect. Since inclined ultrasonic transducers have a certain width of the directional diagram, the Doppler frequency of the echo signal from any reflector in the rail has a deviation that reaches 14-30% of the average value of the Doppler shift. Analysis of this frequency modulation of received signals allows detecting possible defects in rails with high noise immunity.
Ultrasonic testing of thin-walled titanium weld joint with adhesion detector
Authors: Iskhuzhin R R , Borisov V N , Atavin V G , Uzkikh A A , Khafizova K K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper has summarized ultrasonic testing methodology for 0.6-mm thin-walled titanium weld joints. Aspects of adhesion detection (weld joint areas with incomplete fusion, which are good at conducting ultrasonic waves but bad at providing mechanical resistance) are considered. It is proposed that an angular cavity can be used as an indicator of incomplete fusion in the weld joint. Various modes of Lamb waves and their propagation in the material were analyzed and the optimum testing parameters were selected. Wavelet-analysis and precision digital filters with a small increment allowed great informative value of the wave signal to be achieved. The results of ultrasonic scanning were compared to the data obtained in metallographic study.
Defects in carbon plastics detected by acoustic microscopy
Authors: Petronyuk Y S , Levin V M , Ryzhova T B , Morokov E S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper shows the experience of using scanning pulsed acoustic microscopy (SIAM) to solve practical problems of quality control of polymer composite materials (PCM), to identify flaws and in-service damage, and to study changes in their internal microstructure under external influences. Acoustic images of structural defects and damages typical for carbon fiber reinforced composites are presented.
Application of the acoustic emission method in problems of vehicle diagnostics
Authors: Builo S I , Builo B I , Kolesnikov V I , Vereskun V D , Popov O N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The report is devoted to the results of acoustic emission (AE) diagnostics of vehicles obtained by the Rostov school of AE over the past 45 years. Over the years, we have carried out a series of studies both on the AE itself and on its practical application for the diagnosis of mission-critical products, including objects of aviation and rocket and space transport. The fundamentally new interdisciplinary approach proposed by us, which consists in using the kinetic concept of strength, the Poisson model of the defect formation process, and the experimentally discovered physical and mechanical features of the AE phenomenon (including the statistical parameters of the random AE process that are stable due to a number of limit theorems) is described. Practical application of the obtained results is shown on the examples of AE diagnostics of the strength of structural elements of the Russian heavy transport helicopter and the Russian Shuttle Buran.
Testing pressure vessels operating in the HF acid environment by acoustic emission method
Authors: Gomera V P , Grigorieva A V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article presents some results of using the acoustic emission method (AE) in testing of pressure vessels which use hydrofluoric (HF) acid as a catalyst to produce different oil products. The results of consecutive AE testing of vessels carried out with an interval of several years are discussed. The possibility of detecting some operational defects at different stages of their growth is considered.
In particular, the possibility of early diagnosis of blistering and de-lamination of the vessel wall is shown. Elements of the AE testing data analysis are proposed, which make it possible separate signals from the evolution of two different types of metal damage (de-lamination and general corrosion) using the integral characteristics of the signals.