bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image processing and prediction of leaf area in cereals: A comparison of artificial neural networks, an adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system, and regression methods
Authors: Sabouri Hossein , Sajadi Sayed Javad , Jafarzadeh Mohammad Reza , Rezaei Mohsen , Ghaffari Sanaz , Bakhtiari Samira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the leaf area was estimated by different regression models and new methods of image processing by using artificial intelligence (AI) in bread (Triticum aestivumL.) and durum wheat (Triticum durumL.) and triticale (×TritosecaleWittm. ex A. Camus) at seedling, booting, and milk development stages. Data on leaf traits in 1,000 plants of breed wheat, triticale, and durum wheat were studied. Among regression models using general data, , , and models had aR2> 90% for all three cultivars (LandWrepresented length and width of leaves). For wheat bread, models and exhibited a good estimate of the leaf area at all stages of growth, whereas in triticale, the linear models that used the product of and were more suitable to estimate leaf areas in booting and milk development. The multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network modeling indicated that the ‘trainlm,’ ‘trainlm,’ and ‘traincgb’ algorithms with an optimal structure of 2‐10‐1, 2‐3‐1, and 2‐10‐1 had the least amount of the mean square error for bread wheat, triticale, and durum wheat, respectively, for each of the growth stages. Furthermore, based on the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) method, a very accurate estimate of the leaf area was obtained for each of the growth stages. The comparison of different models in the leaf area estimation showed that unlike estimating leaf area by regression, AI‐based methods did not depend on plant growth stages. In this study, we suggested the utilization of image processing and artificial intelligence in leaf area estimation. It will accelerate leaf area measurement in the field, by extending these methods and transferring it into smartphone applications.
TCONS_00012883 promotes proliferation and metastasis via DDX3/YY1/MMP1/PI3K‐AKT axis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yang Peng , Li Jie , Peng Chaofan , Tan Yuqian , Chen Ranran , Peng Wen , Gu Qiou , Zhou Jiahui , Wang Lu , Tang Junwei , Feng Yifei , Sun Yueming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators in multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying most lncRNAs in CRC remain largely unknown.MethodsA novel lncRNA (TCONS_00012883) was identified using RNA sequencing. The level of TCONS_00012883 expression in CRC was analyzed by qRT‐PCR. The biological functions of TCONS_00012883 in CRC were investigated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments: CCK8, colony formation, EdU, flow cytometric assays, transwell assays, and mouse xenograft. The molecular mechanisms of TCONS_00012883 were demonstrated by RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry analysis, RIP, coimmunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and rescue experiments.ResultsElevated expression of TCONS_00012883 was confirmed in CRC and positively associated with a poor prognosis. Functionally, gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays indicated that TCONS_00012883 promoted proliferation and metastasis of CRC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA pulldown and mass spectrometry analysis showed that DEAD‐box helicase 3 (DDX3) was the protein partner of TCONS_00012883. Furthermore, RNA sequencing assay revealed that matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) was the downstream of TCONS_00012883. Intriguingly, we found that transcription factor (YY1) could serve as a bridge between TCONS_00012883, DDX3, and MMP1.ConclusionsTCONS_00012883 significantly promoted CRC progression via the DDX3/YY1/MMP1 axis, and thus, may act as a major role in diagnosis and therapy of CRC.
Preoperative molecular testing in thyroid nodules with Bethesda VI cytology: Clinical experience and review of the literature
Authors: Labourier Emmanuel , Fahey Thomas J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRisk assessment is critical to determine the timing of elective surgeries and preserve valuable resources in time of pandemic. This study was undertaken to better understand the potential value of molecular testing to risk‐stratify thyroid nodules with malignant cytology (Bethesda VI). Systematic review of the literature contributed 21 studies representing 2036 preoperative specimens. The BRAF p.V600E substitution was detected in 46% to 90% of cases with a pooled positivity rate of 70% (95% confidence intervals: 64%‐76%). None of the studies used comprehensive oncogene panels. Retrospective analysis of 531 clinical specimens evaluated with the next‐generation sequencing ThyGeNEXT Thyroid Oncogene Panel identified a total of 436 gene alterations. BRAF mutation rate was 64% in specimens tested as part of standard clinical care and 75% in specimens from cross‐sectional research studies (P = .022). Testing for additional actionable gene alterations such as TERT promoter mutations or RET and NTRK gene rearrangements further increased the diagnostic yield to 78%‐85% and up to 95% when including the ThyraMIR Thyroid miRNA Classifier. These data support the role of molecular cytopathology in surgical and therapeutic decision‐making and warrant additional studies.
The impact of hope and hopelessness on evaluation: A meta‐cognitive approach
Authors: Requero Blanca , Briñol Pablo , Petty Richard E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research provides a novel analysis of the impact of hope and hopelessness on judgment, examining how they influence the use of judgment‐relevant thoughts. Hope and hopelessness are two ends of an emotional continuum for which the confidence and pleasantness appraisals are mismatched. That is, hope is appraised as a pleasant state that is associated with uncertainty. In contrast, hopelessness is appraised as an unpleasant state that is associated with confidence. The aim of this research is to show that these appraisals are critical for predicting how these emotions influence the impact of thoughts on attitudes. In three experiments we manipulated these emotions along with their appraisals and examined the impact on thought reliance and attitude change toward healthy and unhealthy foods, people with disabilities, and self‐evaluation. It was predicted and found that when a pleasantness appraisal was salient, hope increased the use of thoughts relative to hopelessness. In contrast, when a confidence appraisal was salient, hopelessness increased the use of thoughts compared to hope.
Life performance evaluation of lyophilized Moringa biocoagulant: An alternative for prolonging the biocoagulant efficiency
Authors: Souza Dos Santos Bruna , Eyng Eduardo , Baraldi Ilton José , Frare Laercio Mantovani , Affonso Pisano Mateus Gustavo , Bergamasco Rosangela , Fagundes‐Klen Marcia Regina , Ferreira Da Costa Poliana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe use of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds has been the subject of studies to treat water and effluents due to its biocoagulant potential. However, one of the factors that prevent its use at an industrial level is its short shelf life after preparation. In view of this problem, the present study aimed to produce an MO biocoagulant for pre‐treatment via the lyophilization method, to prolong the shelf life of the extract. After optimizing the evaluated preparation conditions (2.38 g of MO for 100 ml of distilled water in 4 min of ultrasound extraction) in synthetic wastewater (using the commercial blue 5G dye), the biocoagulant was produced. Using different salt concentrations (NaCl and KCl) with the goal of improving the extraction, the produced biocoagulant was lyophilized, stored and assessed monthly in a comparative study with the inorganic aluminum sulfate coagulant apply to a textile laundry effluent. Although the biocoagulant produced is less efficient than conventional inorganic ones, the performance evaluation proved to be very satisfactory, obtaining 67.13% color removal and 91.98% turbidity for MO, which when compared to aluminum sulfate achieved removal rates of 81.45% and 92%, respectively. Thus, it is presented as a great alternative for pre‐textile wastewater treatment.
Fire resistance of wood stud wall assemblies
Authors: Sultan Mohamed A. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the fire resistance results of seven full‐scale wall assemblies that were conducted at the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) jointly with the North American construction industry and other Canadian government departments. Parameters investigated for protected interior wall assemblies with a single‐row of wood studs included: insulation types and mid‐height blocking. Parameters investigated for protected interior wall assemblies with a double‐row of wood studs on a separate plate included: insulation types, wood studs spacing and mid‐height blocking. The impact of the investigated parameters on the fire resistance of wall assemblies is discussed. Results of the parameters studied showed that the installation of mid‐height blocking in wall assembly with a single‐row of wood stud and filling the wall cavities with cellulose insulation in wall assembly with a double‐row of wood studs improved the fire resistance by 10 to 15 minutes, respectively. However, the other parameters studied had improved the fire resistance slightly by up to 6 minutes.
The niche complementarity driven by rhizosphere interactions enhances phosphorus‐use efficiency in maize/alfalfa mixture
Authors: Wang Liyang , Hou Baicheng , Zhang Deshan , Lyu Yang , Zhang Kai , Li Haigang , Rengel Zed , Shen Jianbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRhizosphere interactions between intercropping maize and alfalfa to increase phosphorus (P) acquisition remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying niche complementarity to increase P acquisition in the maize/alfalfa mixture by influencing root/rhizosphere interactions. Maize was grown alone (single maize) or with maize (maize/maize) or alfalfa (maize/alfalfa) with low P (30 mg P kg−1 soil) and high P (150 mg P kg−1 soil) supplies. The target maize had greater shoot biomass and P content when grown with alfalfa than maize. Compared with maize, alfalfa had higher secretion of carboxylates and acid phosphatase, suggesting a stronger capacity to mobilize soil P. Phosphorus deficiency also increased the specific root length and the proportion of thin roots (diameter < 0.2 mm) in alfalfa, and intercropped alfalfa had higher carboxylates secretion than monocropped one, indicating that alfalfa root traits were modified by both soil P supply and the identity of neighbor. Increased soil P availability by alfalfa root exudation and improved rhizosphere environment by thin alfalfa roots promoted shoot growth and P acquisition of maize in the maize/alfalfa mixture. The presence of maize increased the secretion of carboxylates from alfalfa roots, suggesting that the root interactions between maize and alfalfa are crucial for improving P‐use efficiency and productivity in intercropping.
Collaborative analysis combining headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) and intelligent (electronic) sensory systems to evaluate differences in the flavour of cultured pufferfish
Authors: Wu Jingna , Chen Xiaoting , Chen Bei , Pan Nan , Qiao Kun , Wu Gang , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPufferfish (Takifugu spp.) are rapidly becoming a valuable food commodity across Asia, making the flavour characterization of the different species economically significant. In this study, the flavour characteristics of four cultured pufferfish varieties (T obscurus, T flavidus, T bimaculatus and T rubripes) were evaluated using headspace‐gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (HS‐GC‐IMS) coupled with an electronic nose and electronic tongue. A total of 37 volatile compounds, primarily aldehydes and alcohols, were identified by HS‐GC‐IMS and used to distinguish the four pufferfish species. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the volatile compound profiles indicated that the four cultivated varieties had unique chemical compositions. PCA of the electronic nose and tongue response data was consistent with HS‐GC‐IMS evaluation and revealed that the aroma and taste of T rubripes were distinct from the other varieties. The collaborative analysis method combining HS‐GC‐IMS and intelligent sensory systems could significantly advance the evaluation of flavour differences.
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Anethum graveolens essential oil in Iranian cheese against Escherichia coli O157:H7
Authors: Mojaddar Langroodi Ali , Mehdizadeh Tooraj , Majidi Lalezar , Neyriz‐Naghadehi Moslem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe impacts of Anethum graveolens essential oil (DEO) alone and its incorporation with Lactobacillus acidophilus on the viability of Escherichia coli O157 in cheese were determined during keeping time. The impact of various levels of DEO and L acidophilus, on pH, organoleptic properties and E coli O157 number in a produced cheese was evaluated. Different levels of the DEO and its incorporation with L acidophilus detectably declined the E coli O157 numbers, in comparison with the control sample. In addition, on pH reduction, the count of E coli O157 also declined in cheese treatments. The increasing impacts on the viability of E coli O157 were reported in various samples of DEO and L acidophilus. Also, the combination of DEO and L acidophilus in treatments concluded detectably enhanced organoleptic characteristics. The detectable synergistic inhibitory impact of probiotic bacteria and DEO on E coli O157 was concluded in the current research, which confirms DEO‐positive activity in dairy production.
Case study of the prediction of elective surgery durations in a New Zealand teaching hospital
Authors: Soh Kian Wee , Walker Cameron , O'Sullivan Michael , Wallace Jonathan , Grayson David 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe present an elective surgery redesign project involving several New Zealand hospitals that is primarily data‐driven. One of the project objectives is to improve the predictions of surgery durations. We address this task by considering two approaches: (a) linear regression modelling, and (b) improvement of the data quality. For (a) we evaluate the accuracy of predictions using two performance measures. These predictions are compared to the surgeons' estimates that may subsequently be adjusted. We demonstrate using the historical surgical lists that the estimates from our prediction techniques improve the scheduling of elective surgeries by minimising the occurrences of list under‐ and over‐runs. For (b), we discuss how the surgical data motivates a review of the surgery procedure classification which takes into account the design of the electronic booking form. The proposed hierarchical classification streamlines the specification of surgery types and therefore retains the potential for improved predictions.
Circulating exosomal microRNAs as emerging non‐invasive clinical biomarkers in heart failure: Mega bio‐roles of a nano bio‐particle
Authors: Zhou Runfa , Wang Leiyan , Zhao Gang , Chen Dan , Song Xiaoning , Momtazi‐Borojeni Amir A. , Yuan Haitao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExosomes are nano‐sized extracellular vesicles containing a cell‐specific biologically active cargo of proteins and genetic materials. Exosomes are constitutively released from almost all cell‐types and affect neighboring or distant cells through a complex intercellular exchange of the genetic information and/or regulation of certain gene expressions that change the function and behavior of recipient cells. Those released into body fluids are the major mediators of intercellular communications. The success of the biological functions of exosomes is highly mediated by the effective transfer of microRNAs (miRs). Exosomes secreted by a damaged or diseased heart can exhibit alterations in the miRs' profile that may reflect the cellular origin and (patho)physiological state, as a “signature” or “fingerprint” of the donor cell. It has been shown that the transportation of cardiac‐specific miRs in exosomes can be rapidly detected and measured, holding great potential as biomarkers in heart diseases. Currently, the search for new biomarkers of heart diseases remains a large and increasing enterprise. Notably, circulating exosomal miRs (Exo‐miRs) have successfully gained huge interests for their diagnostic and prognostic potentials. The present review highlights circulating Exo‐miRs explored for diagnosis/prognosis and outcome prediction in patients with heart failure (HF). To this end, we explain the feasibility of exosomes as clinical biomarkers, discuss the priority of circulating Exo‐miRs over non‐exosomal ones as a biomarker, and then outline reported circulating Exo‐miRs having the biomarker function in HF patients, together with their mechanism of action. In conclusion, circulating Exo‐miRs represent emerging diagnostic (Exo‐miR‐92b‐5p, Exo‐miR‐146a, Exo‐miR‐181c, and Exo‐miR‐495) and prognostic (Exo‐miR‐192, Exo‐miR‐194, Exo‐miR‐34a, Exo‐miR‐425, Exo‐miR‐744) biomarkers for HF.
Hypophosphatemia Is Common After Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Infusion Among Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dashwood Alexander , Vale Cassandra , Laher Shaaheen , Chui Fiona , Hay Karen , Wong Yee Weng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdministration of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for iron‐deficient patients suffering heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) has been associated with transient hypophosphatemia. We sought to investigate and model the effect of intravenous FCM on phosphate levels in iron‐deficient patients with HFrEF. In this single‐center retrospective study, serum phosphate levels, recorded for clinical reasons, were collected out to 60 days following intravenous FCM. Hypophosphatemia was defined as a nadir serum phosphate level <0.64 mmol/L. This was further categorized as severe (0.4 to <0.64 mmol/L) and extreme (<0.4 mmol/L). Factors associated with hypophosphatemia and change in serum phosphate over time were explored. Of 173 patients included, 47 (27%) experienced hypophosphatemia, 44 (25%) were classified as severe, and 3 (2%) extreme. Risk of hypophosphatemia was increased for patients with a creatinine clearance between 60 and <90 mL/min (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.0‐5.5), while <60 mL/min was protective. The median time to nadir in patients who experienced hypophosphatemia was 8 (interquartile range, 4‐16) days, with a return to baseline levels at 6 weeks. Biochemically relevant hypophosphatemia is common following a single dose of intravenous FCM. The median time to nadir was 8 days, and creatinine clearance may influence phosphate levels following intravenous FCM. These observations support the need to increase awareness among clinicians administering intravenous FCM to iron‐deficient patients with HFrEF.
The amphibian complement system and chytridiomycosis
Authors: Rodriguez Keely M. , Voyles Jamie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding host immune function and ecoimmunology is increasingly important at a time when emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) threaten wildlife. One EID that has emerged and spread widely in recent years is chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which is implicated unprecedented amphibian declines around the world. The impacts of Bd have been severe for many amphibian species, but some populations have exhibited signs of persistence, and even recovery, in some regions. Many mechanisms may underpin this pattern and amphibian immune responses are likely one key component. Although we have made great strides in understanding amphibian immunity, the complement system remains poorly understood. The complement system is a nonspecific, innate immune defense that is known to enhance other immune responses. Complement activation can occur by three different biochemical pathways and result in protective mechanisms, such as inflammation, opsonization, and pathogen lysis, thereby providing protection to the host. We currently lack an understanding of complement pathway activation for chytridiomycosis, but several studies have suggested that it may be a key part of an early and robust immune response that confers host resistance. Here, we review the available research on the complement system in general as well as amphibian complement responses to Bd infection. Additionally, we propose future research directions that will increase our understanding of the amphibian complement system and other immune responses to Bd. Finally, we suggest how a deeper understanding of amphibian immunity could enhance the conservation and management of amphibian species that are threatened by chytridiomycosis.
Extrapulmonary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 infection
Authors: Rosen Hugo R. , O'Connell Casey , Nadim Mitra K. , DeClerck Brittney , Sheibani Sarah , DePasquale Eugene , Sanossian Nerses , Blodget Emily , Angell Trevor 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019, the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2, has resulted in a global pandemic with unprecedented health, societal, and economic impact. The disease often manifests with flu‐like symptoms and is dominated by pulmonary complications, but widely diverse clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems can result. We posit that viral tropism and the aberrant host immune response mediate the protean findings and severity in this disease. In general, extrapulmonary manifestations are a harbinger of or contemporaneously associate with disease progression, but in the case of some extrapulmonary findings (gastrointestinal and dermatologic), may track with milder disease. The precise underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, and additional immune phenotyping studies are warranted to reveal early correlates of disease outcomes and novel therapeutic targets.
Observed trends of different rainfall intensities and the associated spatiotemporal variations during 1958–2016 in Guangxi, China
Authors: Qin Nian Xiu , Wang Jun Neng , Gao Liang , Hong Yang , Huang Jia Li , Lu Qin Qin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn a changing climate, drought and flood hazards become more frequent, posing high risks to human life and property. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is selected as the study area. The flood and drought records, and the daily precipitation data at 23 stations from 1958 to 2016 are adopted. The temporal and spatial trends of precipitation intensities, precipitation days and the corresponding proportions relative to the total amounts are examined using the Mann‐Kendall trend test. The influence of the rainfall intensity on floods and droughts in Guangxi is also investigated. During the past 59 years in Guangxi, there is a significant decrease in light rain, and an increase in rainstorm in general. The larger the rainfall intensity is, the more stations show increasing trends of the corresponding rain events on different time scales (the monthly, seasonal or annual scale). Significant decreasing trends of the number of days with light precipitation are found over entire Guangxi, while increasing trends of the number of days with rainstorm events are widely distributed in most parts of Guangxi. There is a decrease in the number of stations indicating increases in proportion of light precipitation days, while an increase in the number of stations showing increases in proportion of rainstorm days. A significant increase in flood hazards is detected since the 1990s. The precipitation in Guangxi tends to be intensified in the future. The frequency and intensity of drought and flood events are very likely to increase, posing challenges to future agricultural production, water resources planning and management.