bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of intraoral scanning on the quality of preparations for all-ceramic single crowns
Authors: Schubert Oliver , Erdelt Kurt-Jürgen , Tittenhofer Roland , Hajtó Jan , Bergmann Alexander , Güth Jan-Frederik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the influence of intraoral scanning on the quality of preparations for all-ceramic single crowns.

Material and methods
A total of 690 randomly selected and anonymized in vivo single crown preparations were examined. Three hundred twenty-three preparations were directly recorded with an intraoral scanner (group IS). Data from plaster casts digitized by a laboratory scanner (group ID; N = 367) served as control. Comparisons included convergence angle, marginal design, marginal substance reduction, homogeneity of the finish line, and undercuts. Evaluation was performed using fully automated specialized software. Data were analyzed applying Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher’s exact test. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results
Convergence angle was above optimum in both groups, but significantly larger for group IS (p < 0.001). Marginal design was more ideal in group IS concerning the absence of featheredge design (p < 0.001) and reverse bevel (p = 0.211). Marginal substance reduction was closer to prerequisites for all-ceramic restorations in group IS (p < 0.001). Finish lines were more homogeneous in group IS regarding the uniformity of their course (p < 0.001). Undercuts were more frequently found in group ID than in group IS (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Intraoral scanning of prepared teeth has positive impact on the quality of preparations for all-ceramic single crowns regarding marginal substance reduction, marginal design, homogeneity of the finish line, and undercuts.

Clinical relevance
Accurate preparation design represents a fundamental condition for success of ceramic crowns. Since there is potential for optimization, intraoral scanning might enhance preparation quality providing instant visual feedback.
COVID-19, Grippewellen und ökonomische Aktivität — die Perspektive der Wirkungsanalyse
Authors: Winkler Adalbert 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDie öffentliche Diskussion zur Corona-Krise nimmt an Schärfe zu. Dabei stehen die Letalitätsrate sowie die Wirkungen staatlicher Maßnahmen in Hinblick auf ihre epidemiologischen und ökonomischen Wirkungen im Mittelpunkt. Der Streit ließe sich klären, wenn man an randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien angelehnte Wirkungsanalysen durchführen könnte. Dies ist mangels Kontrollgruppe aber nicht möglich. So ist eine weiter zunehmende Polarisierung zu erwarten, gerade wenn die Todeszahlen niedrig bleiben.
Der steuerliche Umgang mit Verlusten: Reformoptionen für die Corona-Krise
Authors: Koch Reinald , Langenmayr Dominika 
Published: May 2020

ZussamenfassungIm Jahr 2020 werden viele Unternehmen durch die Corona-Pandemie Verluste erleiden. Das deutsche Steuersystem behandelt Gewinne und Verluste asymmetrisch: Während Gewinne sofort versteuert werden müssen, führen Verluste oft nicht zu direkten Steuererstattungen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert verschiedene Möglichkeiten, wie die steuerliche Behandlung von Unternehmen in Verlustsituationen verbessert werden kann. Eine Mikrosimulation der Reformoptionen zeigt, dass eine betragsmäßige Ausweitung der Verlustrücktragsmöglichkeiten eine deutlich größere Wirkung entfaltet als ein längerer Rücktragszeitraum. Bessere Verlustrücktragsmöglichkeiten setzen zudem starke Investitionsanreize.
Eine Bodenwertsteuer als Grundsteuer?
Authors: Büttner Thiess , Zimmermann Horst 
Published: May 2020

ZussamenfassungNach dem Kompromiss von Bundestag und Bundesrat über die Reform der Grundsteuer Ende 2019 erhalten die Länder Entscheidungsspielraum darüber, ob sie sich dem Bundesmodell anschließen oder ein eigenes Steuermodell entwickeln. Ein baden-württembergischer Gesetzentwurf sieht eine Bodenwertsteuer als alleinige Grundsteuer vor. Er verzichtet auf einen Gebäudeteil in der Grundsteuer, der in anderen Modellen und im Bundesvorschlag enthalten ist. Eine reine Bodenwertsteuer weist gegenüber dem Bundesvorschlag und anderen Vorschlägen deutliche Vorteile bei den Erhebungskosten auf. Allerdings führt der Verzicht auf den Gebäudeteil dazu, dass die Nutzung der Grundstücke nicht erfasst wird. Zudem ergeben sich aus der einseitigen Belastung der Grundstückseigentümer politische Risiken, die durch Vorgabe eines Höchsthebesatzes begrenzt werden sollten.
Seed transmission of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ is unlikely in carrot
Authors: Fujikawa Takashi , Yamamura Kohji , Osaki Kohei , Onozuka Nobuya , Taguchi Mariko , Sasaki Akane , Sato Masatoshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe gram-negative bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) causes potato zebra chip disease and carrot Lso disease, which resembles a physiological disorder, and has raised concern on its impact on carrot production and whether the pathogen can be transmitted via carrot seeds. Here, we evaluated the possibility of carrot seed transmission of the bacterium using grow-out tests and probability analyses. On the basis of the tests, we concluded that transmission is unlikely in practice. Therefore, this finding will help to promote the international trade of carrot seeds.
Unesco Global Geoparks (I) – Idee und Anerkennungsvoraussetzungen
Authors: Köck Wolfgang , Wolf Rainer 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungUNESCO-Geoparks sind neben den Weltnaturerbestätten und den Weltkulturerbestätten eine weitere
Kategorie der internationalen Anerkennung besonders qualifizierter Stätten und Landschaften. Die Voraussetzungen
für die Anerkennung von Global Geoparks sind in den “Operativen Leitlinien für Globale Geoparks
der UNESCO” geregelt. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Konzept der UNESCO Global Geoparks und deren
Anerkennungsvoraussetzungen. In einem zweiten Teil, der im nächsten Heft veröffentlicht wird,
werden die Unterschutzstellungsoptionen für Geoparks untersucht, die das deutsche Recht zur Verfügung
stellt. Dabei wird der Blick insbesondere auf die Frage gerichtet, ob Erneuerbare Energien-Projekte in
Geoparks Einfluss auf die Anerkennung haben können.
Climate change attribution and the economic costs of extreme weather events: a study on damages from extreme rainfall and drought
Authors: Frame David J. , Rosier Suzanne M. , Noy Ilan , Harrington Luke J. , Carey-Smith Trevor , Sparrow Sarah N. , Stone Dáithí A. , Dean Samuel M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn important and under-quantified facet of the risks associated with human-induced climate change emerges through extreme weather. In this paper, we present an initial attempt to quantify recent costs related to extreme weather due to human interference in the climate system, focusing on economic costs arising from droughts and floods in New Zealand during the decade 2007–2017. We calculate these using previously collected information about the damages and losses associated with past floods and droughts, and estimates of the “fraction of attributable risk” that characterizes each event. The estimates we obtain are not comprehensive, and almost certainly represent an underestimate of the full economic costs of climate change, notably chronic costs associated with long-term trends. However, the paper shows the potential for developing a new stream of information that is relevant to a range of stakeholders and research communities, especially those with an interest in the aggregation of the costs of climate change or the identification of specific costs associated with potential liability.
An approach to reduce energy consumption and performance losses on heterogeneous servers using power capping
Authors: Ciesielczyk Tomasz , Cabrera Alberto , Oleksiak Ariel , Piątek Wojciech , Waligóra Grzegorz , Almeida Francisco , Blanco Vicente 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRapid growth of demand for remote computational power, along with high energy costs and infrastructure limits, has led to treating power usage as a primary constraint in data centers. Especially, recent challenges related to development of exascale systems or autonomous edge systems require tools that will limit power usage and energy consumption. This paper presents a power capping method that allows operators to quickly adjust the power usage to external conditions and, at the same time, to reduce energy consumption and negative impact on performance of applications. We propose an optimization model and both heuristic and exact methods to solve this problem. We present an evaluation of power capping approaches supported by results of application benchmarks and experiments performed on new heterogeneous servers.
Analysis of unsteady mixed convection of Cu–water nanofluid in an oscillatory, lid-driven enclosure using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Valizadeh Ardalan Mostafa , Alizadeh Rasool , Fattahi Abolfazl , Adelian Rasi Navid , Doranehgard Mohammad Hossein , Karimi Nader 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe unsteady physics of laminar mixed convection in a lid-driven enclosure filled with Cu–water nanofluid is numerically investigated. The top wall moves with constant velocity or with a temporally sinusoidal function, while the other walls are fixed. The horizontal top and bottom walls are, respectively, held at the low and high temperatures, and the vertical walls are assumed to be adiabatic. The governing equations along with the boundary conditions are solved through D2Q9 fluid flow and D2Q5 thermal lattice Boltzmann network. The effects of Richardson number and volume fractions of nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer are investigated. For the first time in the literature, the current study considers the mechanical power required for moving the top wall of the enclosure under various conditions. This reveals that the power demand increases if the enclosure is filled with a nanofluid in comparison with that with a pure fluid. Keeping a constant heat transfer rate, the required power diminishes by implementing a temporally sinusoidal velocity on the top wall rather than a constant velocity. Reducing frequency of the wall oscillation leads to heat transfer enhancement. Similarly, dropping Richardson number and raising the volume fraction of the nanoparticles enhance the heat transfer rate. Through these analyses, the present study provides a physical insight into the less investigated problem of unsteady mixed convection in enclosures with oscillatory walls.
Non-linear dynamic response of a cable system with a tuned mass damper to stochastic base excitation via equivalent linearization technique
Authors: Weber Hanna , Kaczmarczyk Stefan , Iwankiewicz Radosław 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNon-linear dynamic model of a cable–mass system with a transverse tuned mass damper is considered. The system is moving in a vertical host structure therefore the cable length varies slowly over time. Under the time-dependent external loads the sway of host structure with low frequencies and high amplitudes can be observed. That yields the base excitation which in turn results in the excitation of a cable system. The original model is governed by a system of non-linear partial differential equations with corresponding boundary conditions defined in a slowly time-variant space domain. To discretise the continuous model the Galerkin method is used. The assumption of the analysis is that the lateral displacements of the cable are coupled with its longitudinal elastic stretching. This brings the quadratic couplings between the longitudinal and transverse modes and cubic nonlinear terms due to the couplings between the transverse modes. To mitigate the dynamic response of the cable in the resonance region the tuned mass damper is applied. The stochastic base excitation, assumed as a narrow-band process mean-square equivalent to the harmonic process, is idealized with the aid of two linear filters: one second-order and one first-order. To determine the stochastic response the equivalent linearization technique is used. Mean values and variances of particular random state variable have been calculated numerically under various operational conditions. The stochastic results have been compared with the deterministic response to a harmonic process base excitation.
Point-of-care testing of coagulation in patients treated with edoxaban
Authors: Härtig Florian , Birschmann Ingvild , Peter Andreas , Hörber Sebastian , Ebner Matthias , Sonnleitner Matthias , Spencer Charlotte , Bombach Paula , Stefanou Maria-Ioanna , Kuhn Joachim , Mengel Annerose , Ziemann Ulf , Poli Sven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEdoxaban, alongside other direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), is increasingly used for prevention of thromboembolism, including stroke. Despite DOAC therapy, however, annual stroke rate in patients with atrial fibrillation remains 1–2%. Rapid exclusion of relevant anticoagulation is necessary to guide thrombolysis or reversal therapy but, so far, no data exists on the effect of edoxaban on available point-of-care test systems (POCT). To complete our previous investigation on global coagulation-POCT for the detection of DOAC, we evaluated whether CoaguChek®-INR (CC-INR) is capable of safely ruling out edoxaban concentrations above the current treatment thresholds of 30/50 ng/mL in a blood sample. We studied patients receiving a first dose of edoxaban; excluding subjects receiving other anticoagulants. Six blood samples were collected from each patient: before drug intake, 0.5, 1, 2 and 8 h after intake, and at trough (24 h). CC-INR and mass spectrometry for edoxaban concentrations were performed for each time-point. One hundred and twenty blood samples from 20 patients contained 0–302 ng/mL of edoxaban. CC-INR ranged from 0.9 to 2.3. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed strong correlation between CC-INR and edoxaban concentrations (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Edoxaban concentrations > 30 and > 50 ng/mL were ruled out by CC-INR ≤ 1.0 and ≤ 1.1, respectively, with high specificity (> 95%), and a sensitivity of 44% (95%-confidence interval: 30–59%) and 86% (74–93%), respectively. Our study represents the first evaluation of coagulation-POCT in edoxaban-treated patients. CC-POCT is suitable to safely exclude clinically relevant edoxaban concentrations prior to thrombolysis, or guide reversal therapy in stroke patients.
Wingwave®-Coaching bei Flugangst – eine Fallserie
Authors: Niebuhr F. , Naumenko K. , Steinhäuser J. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundFlugangst ist ein häufiges Phänomen. Unter Coaching werden klientenbezogene Prozesse subsummiert, die darauf abzielen, vom Klienten definierte Ziele zu erreichen. Daher wird die Beeinflussung von Flugangst auch im Bereich des Coachings häufig nachgefragt.Ziel der ArbeitIn diesem Beitrag stellen wir Ergebnisse von 10 Klienten mit Flugangst, die gecoacht wurden, dar und diskutieren diese auf dem Boden der aktuellen Literatur.Material und MethodenAlle Fälle von Klienten, die das Thema Flugangst angegeben haben und nach den definierten Kriterien der Wingwave®-Methode vom Erstautor zwischen 2014 und 2018 gecoacht wurden, wurden in die Betrachtung mit einbezogen. Die Klienten wurden mündlich befragt, die Dokumentation erfolgte papierbasiert.ErgebnisseVon den 10 Klienten konnte während des Coachings bei 8 unmittelbar eine (erhebliche) positive Beeinflussung der Flugangst erreicht werden. Bei 4 Klienten war diese positive Beeinflussung dauerhaft, zu den 6 anderen Patienten gibt es hierzu keine Informationen, da es nach dem Coaching keinen Routinekontakt mehr gab. Es wurden im Schnitt 1,8 Coaching-Stunden von je 50 min benötigt.DiskussionIm Rahmen dieser Fallserie gab es keine Hinweise darauf, dass die Klienten durch die Wingwave®-Methode einem Risiko ausgesetzt sein könnten. Inwieweit diese Methode einen Stellenwert bei Flugangst haben könnte, sollte Gegenstand zukünftiger Studien sein.
Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk in the Arab Gulf States
Authors: AlAbdulKader Assim M. , Tuwairqi Khaled , Rao Goutham 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewRapid economic growth in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states over the last half-century has been associated with a rise in obesity and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this review, we shed some light on the factors driving the obesity epidemic, promising interventions to overcome this public health crisis, and challenges precluding a successful public health impact.Recent FindingsOverweight and obesity rates have nearly tripled in the GCC countries over the past four decades. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been rising in parallel. Several sociodemographic, environmental, and behavioral factors have been correlated with sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet habits, and ultimately the rise in overweight and obesity rates. Numerous studies have documented factors unique to the population of the Arab Gulf states, but high-quality data is scarce. Despite the growing awareness of the extent of the problem, several barriers to weight loss and physical activity need to be addressed. A few interventions to combat obesity at different levels have been reported with some promising outcomes. Using the social-ecological model (SEM), we review recently published interventions and discuss some challenges to overcome in order to make progress in fighting the obesity epidemic in the GCC.SummaryObesity prevalence has been mounting worldwide, and the Arab Gulf states are no exception. This public health crisis is drawing the attention of policymakers and several stakeholders. However, a lot needs to be done to reduce the burden of obesity and improve cardiovascular risks in the Arab Gulf states.
Accounting for Unexpected Risk Events in Drinking Water Systems
Authors: Bergion Viktor , Lindhe Andreas , Sokolova Ekaterina , Rosén Lars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnexpected risk events in drinking water systems, such as heavy rain or manure spill accidents, can cause waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease. Using a scenario-based approach, these unexpected risk events were included in a risk-based decision model aimed at evaluating risk reduction alternatives. The decision model combined quantitative microbial risk assessment and cost–benefit analysis and investigated four risk reduction alternatives. Two drinking water systems were compared using the same set of risk reduction alternatives to illustrate the effect of unexpected risk events. The first drinking water system had a high pathogen base load and a high pathogen log10 reduction in the treatment plant, whereas the second drinking water system had a low pathogen base load and a low pathogen Log10 reduction in the treatment plant. Four risk reduction alternatives were evaluated on their social profitability: (A1) installation of pumps and back-up power supply, to remove combined sewer overflows; (A2) installation of UV treatment in the drinking water treatment plant; (A3) connection of 25% of the OWTSs in the catchment area to the WWTP; and (A4) a combination of A1–A3. Including the unexpected risk events changed the probability of a positive net present value for the analysed alternatives in the decision model and the alternative that is likely to have the highest net present value. The magnitude of the effect of unexpected risk events is dependent on the local preconditions in the drinking water system. For the first drinking water system, the unexpected risk events increase risk to a lesser extent compared to the second drinking water system. The main conclusion was that it is important to include unexpected risk events in decision models for evaluating microbial risk reduction, especially in a drinking water system with a low base load and a low pathogen log10 reduction in the drinking water treatment plant.
The marble sculptures of General Bülow and Scharnhorst in Berlin: comparative, non-destructive analysis of the weathering state after 12 years of exposure
Authors: Menningen J. , Siegesmund S. , Krompholz R. , Rieffel Y. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAfter almost 200 years of exposure, the monuments of General Scharnhorst and Bülow have been analysed by means of ultrasound. Both sculptures are made of Carrara marble, both sculptures have been exposed to the same environmental influences and both sculptures are, based on the results of the ultrasonic measurements, in alarming conditions. This statement can be made because of the data of three different measurement investigations within the last 12 years. In this short exposure time, the already low velocities have been reduced by 16.2% and 14.7%. The very low average velocity of 2.8 km/s for the sculpture of General Bülow and a slightly higher average velocity of 3.2 km/s for the Scharnhorst sculpture indicate that both sculptures are in a poor condition, even though a protective winter shelter has been used since 2004. Comparing tomographic velocity measurements performed in 2006 with the measurements made in 2018 was possible and showed that even areas with a thickness up to 90 cm show alarming low ultrasonic velocities down to 2.6 km/s. Even if the circumstances for both sculptures have been the same, they differ in their weathering state. The careful and transparent documentation of all measurements was in this context the most important aspect for the comparative studies. Irregularities in their weathering behaviour of the two statues can be distinguished, allowing an in-depth analysis of the deterioration of the marble.
Imagination in Scientific Practice
Authors: French Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhat is the role of the imagination in scientific practice? Here I focus on the nature and role of invitations to imagine in certain scientific texts as represented by the example of Einstein’s Special Relativity paper from 1905. Drawing on related discussions in aesthetics, I argue, on the one hand, that this role cannot be simply subsumed under ‘supposition’ but that, on the other, concerns about the impact of genre and symbolism can be dealt with, and hence present no obstacle to regarding imagination as appropriately belief-like. By applying the framework of ‘semi- propositional representations’ and ‘quasi-truth’ to this case I thereby offer a new unitary framework for understanding the epistemology of scientific imagination.
Physicochemical properties, oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity of clean label meat-based sauces: effects of phenolic extracts addition and cold storage
Authors: Bortnowska Grażyna , Przybylska Sylwia , Iwański Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhysicochemical properties, oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity (AC) of clean label meat-based sauces (MBSs) were investigated with reference to cold storage time (ST) and addition of phenolic extracts (PEs): green coffee bean (GCE), green tea (GTE), knotweed rhizome (KRE). All parameters determined were compared to a control sample (CS), prepared without extracts. MBSs enriched with GCE or KRE were stable during the whole ST (90 days), while the CS and samples containing GTE, showed descending trend regarding physical stability after 10 days of storage. MBSs prepared with PEs (90 days storage) demonstrated: peroxide value (PV) < 8.5 mEq O2/kg lipids, TBARS < 5.6 mg MDA/kg lipids, carbonyl content < 4.7 nmol/mg protein, and the values were significantly (p < 0.05) smaller than those found in CS. Irrespectively of the applied measurements (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP) the values of AC (trolox equivalent, TE) decreased with ST, and regarding ABTS assay were in ranges: 0.73–0.42 mM TE (CS), 3.54–2.75 mM TE (GCE), 4.89–3.29 mM TE (GTE) and 3.86–2.25 mM TE (KRE). ANOVA revealed that rheological parameters obtained from Herschel–Bulkley′s and Bohlin′s models were predominantly (p < 0.001) affected by ST. After 90 days of storage, values of the desirability index were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for GCE-fortified MBS than for samples prepared with GTE and KRE. The results of this study can be useful to optimize composition of meat-based sauces containing bioactive ingredients and exhibiting desired by the consumer sensory features.