bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technological modes of efficient metallization of iron-oxide-containing waste from metallurgical production
Authors: Anikin A. E. , Galevskii G. V. , Rudneva V. V. 
Published: July 2020

During the research, rolled scale and gas cleaning slimes from oxygen-converter workshop No. 1 of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” were used as iron-oxide-containing materials. Semi-coke from brown coals of the Berezovskoye deposit of the Kansko-Achinsk basin (temperature of semi-coking is 750 °C), coke fines of PJSC “Coke” and dust from coke dry-quenching plant of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” were used as carbon reducing agents. Total iron, FeO and Fe2 O 3 oxides amount to 73.3, 75.5 and 20.9 % in scale, 41.2, 4.7 and 53.7 % in sludge, respectively. Sludge also contains 4.3 % of total carbon and 20.6 % of CaO. Brown-coal semi-coke, coke fines and coke dust contains carbon and volatiles 94.05 and 9.5 %, 97.50 and 2.1 %, 97.47 and 1.6 % on dry ashless weight, respectively. For metallization of furnace charges with composition: scale, slime–semi-coke, coke fines, dust with addition of 10 % water-soluble binding–molasses, strong unroasted briquettes were pressed. Metallization modes of analyzed charge compositions were thermodynamically predicted and technologically determined. Metallization degree and metal iron content at usage of brown-coal semi-coke were found to be 97.5 and 90.2 % for scale, 97.5 and 71.3 % for sludge; of coke fines: 70.7 and 61.9 % for scale, 68.9 and 48.4 % for sludge; of coke dust: 72.1 and 62.6 % for scale, 69.2 and 48.2 % for sludge. The possibility of achievement the metallization degree of 97.0 – 98.0 % was established for briquetted charge from scale – brown-coal semi-coke with 92.0 – 93.0 % of total iron, 89.8 – 90.6 % of metallic iron, 2.8 – 3.2 % of FeO, 0.06 – 0.08 % of S, 0.016 – 0.018 % of P, 1.7 – 1.9 % of C, 1.0 – 1.2 % of CaO and 0.25 – 0.35 % of MgO at 1173 K and duration of 40 min.
Environmental efficiency of gas purification and ash collection in Russian mining and metallurgical industry
Authors: Gorbatyuk S. M. , Makarov P. S. , Sukhorukova M. A. 
Published: July 2020

The problem of reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide from the flue gases of coal-fired TPPs is highly relevant for domestic energy in connection with the annual increase in coal production. This article analyzes statistical data in the field of coal mining, describes the current state in the field of gas purification and ash collection in the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation. To regulate pollutant emissions by stationary sources in Russia, a system of maximum permissible and temporarily agreed emissions (MPE and ENV) was introduced. The country takes part in international programs aimed at protecting the environment from the harmful effects of human activity. Despite the general dynamics of reducing air pollution in the Russian Federation, emissions from mining and metallurgical enterprises only increase. This is due to deficiencies in the technical condition and operation of dust and gas cleaning equipment at electric power enterprises. The main ones are the moral and physical deterioration of the equipment fleet, the need for reconstruction and modernization of devices. The average degree of flue gas cleaning from ash at Russian TPPs is 95.5 %, which is noticeably less than abroad. Efficiency of the gas treatment plants used does not meet modern environmental requirements. The flue gases at our TPPs are not cleaned from sulfur and nitrogen oxides; there are practically no devices for continuous monitoring of TPP emissions. The article provides the rationale for the transition of enterprises to the best available technologies (BAT) in the field of gas purification. The use of a gas conditioning system allows 30 – 40 % reduction in the amount of funds spent on the construction of electrostatic filters. In recent years, in connection with the advent of new technologies for burning coal, filters for the purification of hot gases made of ceramic materials have been created. We have analyzed the state of gas purification and ash collection in the mining and metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation and its impact on the atmosphere. An assessment of the current state of gas purification equipment at the enterprises was carried out.
Strategy of M&A deals in oil industry (on example of «Rosneft» and «Bashneft» deal)
Authors: Astapov K. L. 
Published: July 2020

I analyzed merges and acquisitions’ transactions and their influence on strategy and development of oil company. For analyses the deal I chose acquisition by Rosneft of Bashneft, which took place in October 2016, applying both traditional and real option models. Real option model is more difficult, but better methodology, because it allows to valuate different scenarios of acquisition, choose more optimal scheme (acquisition time, amount of acquired shares). After building decision tree I calculated NPV of cash flows, which are generated in the deal (in scenarios of high and low oil prices, high and low synergy effects in two periods 2017–2018 and 2019–2020).The main results are the following. Acquisition deals create value for shareholders, only if acquisitions correspond to strategy of bidder company and culture of target company. Under some hypotheses the acquisition of Bashneft creates additional value for Rosneft in most scenarios (except scenario with low oil price and low synergy). Postponing the decision about complete acquisition till 2019 increases probability of successful acquisition as well as maximizes NPV.
Dental Arch Dimension of Mixed Dentition of Kurdish Orthodontic Patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 Malocclusion (In-Vitro Comparative Study)
Authors: Amin Rebin , Mohsin Mahmoud , Hassan Bayan 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To assess dental arch dimensions (width, depth) in mixed dentition in a sample of Kurdish orthodontic patients.
Methods: A sample of 58 dental casts (28 class I, 30 class II division 1 malocclusions) from 8 years and two months to 10 years and nine months were collected. Measurement of arch dimensions was taken, including width and depth. Differences between males and females and between class I and class II division 2 malocclusion were tested using independent t-test.
Results: With gender pooled, class I group has larger UC, UE, U6, LE, L6 width than class II group, whereas class II group has larger LC width than class I group with no significant difference. The class II group has larger arch depth for maxillary measurements than the class I group, with no significant difference. While the class I group has larger arch depth for mandibular measurements than the class II group, with no significant difference except for LC. In gender dimorphism, class I group, all arch width measurements, females have a larger width than males except L6; all differences were no significant. While in all arch depth measurements, males have larger depth than females. In the class II group, all measurements of width and depth were larger in males than females, the difference in UE and U6 were significant.
Conclusions: Class I malocclusion has larger width and depth than class II division 1 malocclusion, except in the maxillary depth of class II division 1 malocclusion. Males had larger arch dimensions than females.
Dental and Maxillofacial Findings in Cerebral Palsy Children from Sulaimani City: Assessment for Unmet Dental Needs
Authors: Garib Balkees , Ibraheem Ban , Ahmed Dana 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This study was carried out, aiming to analyze the frequency and factors related to dental and maxillofacial findings, caries experience, and oral hygiene status among Kurdish Children with Cerebral Palsy in Sulaimani governorate.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 cerebral palsy children. They were subjected to extra and intraoral examination for dental and maxillofacial changes after obtaining medical and dental histories. The mean DMF/dmf index, significant caries index, met need index (MNI), restorative index (RI), and simplified oral hygiene index, were recorded. Independent t-test, Chi-square tests, and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data, and P-value < 0.05 considered significant.
Results: Nearly half of our cerebral palsy children were delivered by Cesarean section, diagnosed after birth with jaundice and had mental retardation. The premature delivery associated with cerebral palsy types (P=.006). Extra-oral features were normal in 41% of children. Hypertelorism was the predominant facial finding (48%), and 55% showed malocclusion (class II & III). Dental caries was observed in 55% of the patients, mostly in the primary dentition (mean dmft index =3.18) and the significant caries index =8.69. The MNI (=0.455) and RI (=0.412) were higher in the permanent dentition. The majority of children had good oral hygiene. No correlation was found between cerebral palsy and the studied parameters.
Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy showed a high incidence of dental caries in primary dentition, malocclusion, and surprisingly good oral hygiene, but none of which was correlated to any type of cerebral palsy.
UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM GESTÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO DAS INSTITUIÇÕES FEDERAIS E A DEMANDA DO MERCADO NA “ERA DA ECONOMIA EM REDE”
Authors: Da Silva Gabriel Barbosa , Ávalos Ibragimova Audry Rose Mattos , Teixeira de Araujo Luan Pedro 
Published: July 2020

<p>A Gestão da Informação emerge na “Era da Economia em Rede” como alternativa para garantir a sobrevivência e competitividade das organizações. Viabiliza às mesmas lidar estrategicamente com a informação, tornando-as capazes de inovar organizacionalmente, produtivamente e tecnologicamente. Configura-se como área interdisciplinar dentro da Ciência Contemporânea, o que por sua vez, acaba por gerar diferentes visões e interpretações quanto ao conjunto básico de disciplinas que a compõe. Diante dessa abordagem, o artigo tem como objetivo geral compreender os perfis profissionais e curriculares dos cursos de graduação em Gestão da Informação das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior e como, objetivo específico, identificar as similaridades e diferenças disciplinares dos Projetos Pedagógicos de tais instituições. Indica o método indutivo, através de uma pesquisa exploratória que se utiliza de uma pesquisa documental como principal procedimento de coleta de dados. Utilizou-se a MAXQDA Analytics como software para a análise qualitativa e quantitativa de dados e informações. Com os dados estruturados, foi feita uma verificação para buscar possíveis erros de formatação e digitação, eliminando as <em>stopwords </em>e os sintagmas nominais de cada disciplina pelo software OGMA. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa contribuem para o debate teórico acerca de uma proposta para uma Diretriz Curricular Nacional de Gestão da Informação, como também para a reforma curricular do curso da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco.</p>
Analysis of the Current Situation of Asset Securitization of State-Owned Enterprises in China
Authors: Yang Mingming 
Published: July 2020

<p>With the rapid development and progress of China's economy, state-owned enterprises have also carried out reforms. As an important part of the reform, securitization has promoted the reform of state-owned enterprises. Securitization will issue private securities backed by financial or other assets with poor liquidity, and pay principal and interest based on predictable and continuous cash flow income. The issuer purchases assets, forms an asset pool and issues asset-backed securities. This paper focuses on the achievements of the reform of state-owned enterprises in China, indicates the problems and puts forward improvement suggestions in the process of securitization reform.</p>
The Ethos of Work in Life and Works of Adam (Father Jacek) Woroniecki and Kazimiera (Sister Marta) Wołowska
Authors: Dziaczkowska Lucyna 
Published: July 2020

Etos pracy w życiu i twórczości Adama (ojca Jacka) Woronieckiego i Kazimiery (siostry Marty) Wołowskiej
Prezentowany tekst stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie: Jaki etos pracy potwierdzali swoim życiem i twórczością Adam Woroniecki (ojciec Jacek, dominikanin) oraz Kazimiera Wołowska (siostra Marta, niepokalanka)? Rozwiązując ten problem w treściach artykułu poruszono następujące kwestie: etos pracy jako przedmiot badań pedagogiki; dzieciństwo i młodość Adama Woronieckiego i Kazimiery Wołowskiej jako czas przygotowania do wyboru drogi życiowej; realizacja powołania zakonnego jako spełnianie chrześcijańskiego etosu pracy; świadectwo życia jako istota praktykowania chrześcijańskiego etosu pracy przez o. Jacka i s. Martę.
Man’s Education in the Perspective of Personalistic Philosophical Anthropology and Realistic Pedagogy of Fr. Jacek Woroniecki
Authors: Chrost Marzena 
Published: July 2020

Wychowanie człowieka w perspektywie personalistycznej antropologii filozoficznej i realistycznej pedagogiki o. Jacka Woronieckiego
O. Jacek Woroniecki, wybitny teolog, filozof, pedagog był zarówno teoretykiem, jak i praktykiem. Wśród wielu kwestii, które podejmował, ważne miejsce zajmowała problematyka wychowania i pedagogiki. Akcentował znaczenie wychowania w życiu ludzkim, a pedagogikę uznawał za integralną część etyki. Koncepcja wychowania i pedagogiki o. Jacka Woronieckiego odwołuje się do realizmu bytowego i poznawczego, dlatego można uznać, że ujęcie to jest nadal aktualne.
W związku z tym, celem niniejszej publikacji jest przedstawienie w aspekcie teoretycznym wychowania człowieka w perspektywie personalizmu oraz przybliżenie koncepcji pedagogiki realistycznej o. Jacka Woronieckiego. Biorąc pod uwagę złożoność tego zagadnienia, zostały omówione tylko wybrane jego aspekty. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono antropologiczne podstawy wychowania ze szczególnym omówieniem uniwersalizmu i realizmu pedagogicznego. Następnie ukazano, jak rozumiał i definiował wychowanie o. Jacek Woroniecki, oraz omówiono jego koncepcję rozwoju człowieka – od osobowości do osobistości. Przedstawiono także wybrane działania, które zastosowane w procesie wychowania pomagają człowiekowi w dochodzeniu i osiąganiu doskonałości.
Facebook y el derecho a la imagen: Reflexiones en torno a la STC 27/2020, de 24 de febrero
Authors: Flores Anarte Laura 
Published: July 2020

En la STC 27/2020 el Tribunal Constitucional se pronuncia acerca de la ilicitud de ilustrar una crónica periodística sobre un acontecimiento violento con una imagen de la víctima que había sido tomada de Facebook sin recabar consentimiento de su titular. El fallo estima que la publicación de una fotografía en una red social no equivale a una autorización para que terceros puedan hacer uso de la misma libremente y que la divulgación de la imagen de la víctima ni reviste interés informativo por sí, ni guarda relación de accesoriedad con la información contenida en el reportaje, por lo que aprecia la vulneración del derecho fundamental a la propia imagen.Recibido: 07.04.2020Aceptado: 12.06.2020Publicación en línea: 03.07.2020
The Principle of Good Faith in Public International Law
Authors: Uçaryılmaz Talya 
Published: July 2020

Honesty, loyalty and reasonableness together refer to the principle of good faith in contemporary private law. The principle of good faith historically emerged as a natural law principle deriving from Roman law of nations, the universal set of rules applicable for all mankind. However, it also has immense historical effects on the early modern theories of international law. Being based on natural law and morality, good faith is well-equipped to be a fundamental standard of behavior in contemporary international law concerns. Good faith manifests itself as pacta sunt servanda as the basis of international treaty law. As a principle referring to honesty, loyalty and reasonableness, it guarantees the prohibition of the abuse of power and provides equitable solutions in legal relationships between sovereigns and private actors. Accordingly this article examines the application of the classical Roman principle of good faith in international law from a transhistorical perspective to clarify its contemporary applications, taking refugee law as an example. It concerns itself with the fundamental elements of good faith, the historical emergence of the principle, its relationship with early modern international legal theories and its contemporary significance in refugee law.Received: 23.10.2019Accepted: 29.12.2019Published online: 03.07.2020
Ciudadanía multinivel y su encaje constitucional
Authors: Souto Galván Clara 
Published: July 2020

La ciudadanía conlleva el reconocimiento de unos derechos fundamentales y constitucionales a los que está sujeto por el país en el que vive, pero ¿quién es considerado ciudadano? ¿quién es titular del reconocimiento de esos derechos en un país? Preguntas que no siempre obtienen una fácil respuesta, sobre todo porque la ciudadanía ha alcanzado una dimensión multinivel que dificulta dicho reconocimiento, comprobando que será dependiendo del país de origen o del país de residencia, si dicho país pertenece a la Unión Europea o son nacionales de terceros países, dependiendo a su vez de los tratados firmados con esos países, todo ello aspectos a los que se intenta dar respuesta, desde el punto de vista legislativo y constitucional, detallando los avances más significativos que se han desarrollado a nivel Europeo, estatal y autonómico, respecto de las directivas, convenios y acuerdos internacionales y reformas constitucionales, como por ejemplo la reforma del art. 13.2 de la Constitución española, que además de ser la primera reforma constitucional supuso un avance importante en el reconocimiento de derechos políticos de los extranjeros en las elecciones municipales, pues se les atribuía el derecho de ser electo, aunque podría ser revisada para alcanzar un mayor grado de igualdad los nacionales de un país con los residentes del mismo.En conclusión, lo que se propone es democratizar el acceso a la nacionalidad cuando se trate de una condición para el disfrute de la ciudadanía, reduciendo plazos y requisitos, pero también evitando el reconocimiento de dichos derechos solo por adquisición de la nacionalidad, sino que los residentes de larga duración, sin dicho requisito puedan ser sujetos de reconocimiento de derechos, en concreto del derecho de sufragio activo y pasivo. Para lo que sería necesario modificar de nuevo el art. 13.2 incluyendo a los residentes de larga duración y eliminando la necesidad de basarse en el principio de reciprocidad, lo que permitiría una mayor integración de los nacionales de otros países en el Estado de residencia.Recibido: 24.03.2020Aceptado: 12.06.2020Publicación en línea: 03.07.2020
El delito de violación en el Código Penal español: análisis de la difícil delimitación entre la intimidación de la agresión sexual y el prevalimiento del abuso sexual. Revisión a la luz de la normativa internacional
Authors: Altuzarra Alonso Itziar 
Published: July 2020

Caracterizado por un alto porcentaje de victimización de la mujer, el delito de violación se trata de uno de los crímenes sexuales históricamente más sancionados. Su regulación, tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, sigue en constante evolución, pues se trata de una conducta típica profundamente relacionada con el progresivo proceso de concienciación sobre la deconstrucción del sistema patriarcal que impacta profundamente en la sensibilidad social colectiva. El objetivo principal del trabajo consiste en arrojar luz al amplísimo debate doctrinal y jurisprudencial generado en torno a la consideración de la violencia y la intimidación como elementos definitorios de este delito. En esta línea, el Código penal español exige la concurrencia uno de dichos medios comisivos para llegar a denominar como violación al ataque a la libertad sexual con acceso carnal, lo que supone la creación de una línea divisoria muy sutil entre la violación intimidatoria y el abuso sexual por prevalimiento. Dicha regulación no se adecúa a los estándares legales internacionales, y concretamente europeos, que España ha ratificado hace ya cinco años a través del Convenio de Estambul. Por ello, se concluye que la legislación nacional, a pesar de haber experimentado una intensa metamorfosis, todavía hoy en día precisa una revisión y reformulación del crimen de violación dirigida hacia su consideración en torno a la falta de consentimiento de la víctima como elemento definitorio. Finalmente, se colige además que en el enjuiciamiento de dicho crimen urge una formación en perspectiva de género dirigida a jueces y magistrados cuyas motivaciones jurídicas, se observa, tienen un poder decisivo.Recibido: 05.02.2020Aceptado: 08.06.2020Publicación en línea: 03.07.2020
La protección de la intimidad en el código penal español. Un análisis crítico de la reforma de 2015
Authors: García Magna Deborah 
Published: July 2020

El incremento del uso de las nuevas tecnologías y su incorporación a las formas cotidianas de comunicación ha supuesto la aparición de nuevos riesgos asociados a la transferencia de datos personales y la publicación de material sensible en las redes sociales. La preocupación por la protección de la intimidad en las sociedades posmodernas se intensifica cuando las personas involucradas en este creciente tráfico de información personal son vulnerables, como los menores de edad, que además hacen un uso particularmente intenso de estos nuevos medios de comunicación. Tras estudiar en primer lugar la evolución del derecho a la intimidad desde un punto de vista jurisprudencial y supranacional, esta investigación analiza la decisión del legislador español de tipificar el sexting en 2015.Recibido: 30.10.2019Aceptado: 27.11.2019Publicación en línea: 03.07.2020
Accounting Comparability and Debt Cost
Authors: Xu Qian , Li Yuxiang 
Published: July 2020

<p align="justify">This paper takes China's A-share listed companies in 2010-2017 as the research object to explore the impact of accounting comparability on debt costs. First, adopt De Franco’s model to measure companies’ accounting comparability. Then, establish the multivariate regression model of accounting comparability and debt cost to implement an empirical study on the relationship between them. Further, property rights and audit quality are taken into account as internal and external factors to examine whether these two factors have impacts on the relationship between accounting comparability and debt cost. The results show that: (1) Accounting comparability is significantly negatively correlated with debt cost; (2) Compared with state-owned enterprises, the negative correlation between accounting comparability and debt cost is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises; (3) Compared with enterprises of higher audit quality, the negative correlation between accounting comparability and debt cost is more significant in enterprises of lower audit quality. This shows that accounting comparability is useful in decision-making, but the property rights of state-owned enterprises weakens the impact of accounting comparability on debt costs, and audit quality is an alternative to accounting comparability for the impact on debt costs.</p><p align="justify">The results of this paper provide some theoretical references for relevant departments to improve accounting standards and auditing regulations so that accounting comparability and audit quality can be improved, and accelerate the property rights reform of state-owned enterprises.</p>
A Brief Analysis of Derivative Financial Instrument Accounting and China's Countermeasures
Authors: Zheng Jiaying 
Published: July 2020

<p>In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, derivative financial instruments are more widely used in China's enterprises. This paper studies the accounting for derivative financial instruments, which brings great challenges and risks to the development of many enterprises because of its high stakes and high returns. Therefore, to deal with the challenges, China should reformulate accounting confirmation standards, adopt a variety of value measurement, improve accounting statements, strengthen the accounting supervision of derivative instruments risks and other scientific and effective coping strategies.</p><br /><!--EndFragment-->