bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of TiO2 and Al2O3-ethylene glycol-based nanofluids on cutting temperature and surface roughness during turning process of AISI 1018
Authors: Zetty Akhtar A M , Rahman M M , Kadirgama K , Maleque M A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of TiO2 and Al2O3-ethylene glycol based nanofluids on cutting temperature and surface roughness during turning process of AISI 1018. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method has been recognized in minimizing the usage of cutting fluid, as a step to achieve cleaner environment and sustainable machining. However, the low thermal conductivity of base fluid in minimum quantity lubrication system caused the insufficient removal of heat generated in cutting zone. Addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid was then introduced to enhance the performance of cutting fluids. In this study, the machinability of AISI 1018 (mild steel) was investigated under dry machining and nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication method. Two types of nanofluids (TiO2 and Al2O3 nanofluid) with concentration 0.05, 0.15 and 0.3 wt.% were used in this study. The experiments were conducted on lathe machine, using tungsten carbide as cutting tool. Three cutting speed (350, 550 and 750 m/min), three depth of cut (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and fixed minimum quantity lubrication system nozzle pressure (5 bar) were applied throughout turning operation. To determine the relationship between machining parameters and cutting temperature and surface roughness values were measured. Based on results obtained, the cutting temperature of workpieces with usage of nanofluids in MQL system gave lower value compared to dry machining. The surface roughness of machined parts was also improved under NFMQL methods. In conclusion, when the nanofluid-MQL method was employed, the amount of cutting fluid was reduced and machining performance improved.
Statistical analysis on tribology behavior of stainless steel surface in aloe vera blended lubricant
Authors: Amirruddin A K , Kadirgama K , Ramasamy D , Rahman M M 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLubricant oil is one of the important oils that is needed for any vehicle and the additive added into the lubricant is required to boost the potential of lubricant to protect engine or any compartment that required lubrication. The presence of lubrication oil is very important in engine which is functioned to protect engine especially during combustion processes and it is needed to cool down the temperature of engine after every process. However, most of the lubricant oils are not very eco-friendly and they can have caused harm to the environment system. Several researches have been carried out recently to find new alternative additives for lubricant oil and it is safer for our environment which is now in danger. One of the alternative additives that have been widely suggested by several researchers is involving plant such as vegetables. An experiment has been carried out to justify the potential of Aloe Vera as a new additive that can replace existence chemical and synthetic additive which is harmful to the environment and costly to produce it. The conclusion of the experiments is the researcher agrees to the suitability of Aloe Vera as a new additive by using simple experiments method. Response surface method was used to design the experiments and finding the relationship between the parameters and responses. It shows that Aloe Vera additives reduce the coefficient of friction.
Degradation of ciprofloxacin antibiotic under visible light by BIVO4 photocatlyst
Authors: Cao V D , Nong L X , Nguyen V H , Tran T V , Vu H T , Hien N K , Do S T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we have successfully synthesized BiVO4 by co-precipitation method. Results of BiVO4 are synthesized under the support of urea, forming a single-line scheelite structure of BiVO4. The synthesized sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, raman and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra. In this work, the degradation of Ciprofloxacin (CFX) irradiated under visible light (Lamp LED 60W) by BiVO4. The results of SEM images of BiVO4 show that the crystal structure is granular, nanoparticle size and uneven. The Eg value of BiVO4 is 2,312 Ev. The decrease in CFX concentration at pH=3, concentration of 10 ppm and catalyst dosage of 100 mg is the most optimal condition with photodegradation efficiencies of CFX is 75% after 180 min of irradiation. Material obtained in study can be applied in the decomposition of other antibiotics.
Preliminary study of plant extract on seed germination
Authors: Lim B-C , Lim J-W , Ho Y-C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of crude leaf extract from Dilleniaceae family on seed germination of goosegrass (E. indica) under different concentrations, ranging from 0-10 mg/mL. The total phenolic content (TPC) was studied and found to be about 209 mg GAE/g extract. Crude extract was significantly inhibitory towards germination of E.indica seeds. Concentration of 10 mg/mL extract demonstrated high germination inhibition rate at 90 % of goosegrass seeds as compared to the control. The bioassay results illustrated that the extract markedly inhibited the germination of goosegrass seeds which may require further investigation for the potential use in crop protection. Introduction
Physical and Chemical Profile of Essential oil of Vietnamese Ocimum gratissimum L.
Authors: Huong N C , Ngan T T K , Anh T T , Le X T , Lam T D , Cang M H , Huong T T T , Pham N D Y 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil was studied in this research for its physicochemical characteristics and composition. The essential oil extraction performance achieved 0.3-0.45% by hydrodistillation process. The physicochemical properties of the obtained oil were also discovered including specific gravity at 0.9645 g/cm3, acid index at 13.035 mg KOH/g, ester index at 14.745 mg KOH/g, refractive index at 1.526, and optical rotation at +15.6°. Through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), it was revealed that the oil is extremely rich in eugenol (59.448 %), trans-ß-Ocimene (10.382 %), β-Cubebene (11.783 %), Caryophyllene (6.966 %) and Copaene (2.479 %). Therefore, optimizing the preservation conditions for the essential oils is suggested as potential pathway to extend the application and enhance the value of Ocimum gratissimum essential oils.
Determination of the phytochemical screening, total polyphenols, flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity of soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn.)
Authors: Nguyen M T , Nguyen V T , Minh L V , Trieu L H , Cang M H , Bui L B , Le X.T. , Danh V T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Annona muricata Linn. (soursop) plant is a medicinal plant that has been utilized in folk medicine for treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals content, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of A. muricata leaves. Antioxidant activity was performed via 2, 2’-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. The phytochemical was extracted separately with distilled water and 96% ethanol by maceration. The results show that a wide variety of pharmacologically active compounds such as alkaloids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols, terpenoids, saponins were present in the leaves of A. muricata. The total phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol extract in A. muricata leave achieved 609.08±5.82 mgGAE/g and 209.52±1.88 mgQE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of A. muricata was correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content with values IC50 of 20.75±0.28 μg/ml, 12.84±0.21 μg/ml for DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity, respectively.
Application of anthocyanin natural colors from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) extracts to cupcake
Authors: Thanh V T , Tran Nhi Y T , Linh N T V , Vy Tran Anh , Truc Tran Thanh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, we compared the content of nutritional indicators including lipid, moisture, pH, protein, and ash between original and Butterfly Pea cupcake baked at 170°C for 20 minutes. Moreover, the sensory properties of Butterfly Pea cupcake favorite also are determined. There was an increase in the content of moisture, protein compared with those of the control cupcake, reaching 22.12 ± 1.87 and 3.69 ± 0.51, respectively. In contrast, the level of pH, ash, and lipid witnessed marginal decreases, reaching 7.08 ± 0.54, 1.01 ± 0.21, 12.10 ± 2.77 respectively. Notably, the Butterfly Pea cupcake had anthocyanin content of 2.58 ± 0.06 mg/L, which accounted for 41.82 ± 0.92% retention. The ability to decompose anthocyanin biological compounds is lower than 60%. The slight green color is determined to be influenced by the pH factor in the dough environment.
Effect of baking conditions on the physical properties of bread incorporated with green coffee beans (GCB)
Authors: Ibrahim U K , Rahman N A A , Suzihaque M U H , Hashib S A , Aziz R A A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Most of nutrients can be found in normal breads but there is lack of antioxidant rich polyphenolic compounds. Green coffee bean (GCB) is chosen as functional ingredients to be incorporated in the bread as it contains high amount of phenolic acid namely chlorogenic acid which contributed to antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activities. Therefore, GCB was chosen as natural sources in order to enrich the wheat bread with their phenolic antioxidant’s characteristics. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of concentration of green coffee bean, baking temperature, and baking time on the physical properties of the incorporated bread. The physical properties such as moisture content, volume, colour, and texture were analysed. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results show that the incorporation of GCB has a positive influence on the physical properties of the bread especially on moisture content and volume. The factors with the largest effect on the moisture content were the baking temperature and GCB concentrations (p < 0.05). The use of high baking temperature causes higher moisture content and volume of bread after baking. While for bread crust and crumb colour, it was observed that increasing the baking temperature and time resulted in dark crust colour and reduced the colour saturation. For crumb colour, the addition of GCB powder caused a slight decreased in lightness and yellowness, whereas the redness of bread was almost unchanged. Nevertheless, the incorporation of green coffee bean had a little influence on the texture of the bread. High hardness of the bread demonstrated from the high baking temperature and high baking time. From optimization process, it could be concluded that the optimum baking temperature was found at 180°C, baking time of 40 minutes and GCB concentration of 1 wt% in order to get the better quality of the bread. In conclusion, GCB has a great potential as functional ingredient in bread. The addition of GCB does not only affect the antioxidant properties of the bread but also increase the quality of the bread itself.
A simulation on desired neutron flux for the boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) purpose by using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNPX)
Authors: Shalbi S , Sazali N , Wan Salleh W N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a nuclear application to cure cancer by using the interaction between the boron compound and the slow (thermal and epithermal) neutron beam obtained from the neutron source. The previous feasibility study shows that the thermal column can generate higher thermal neutrons for BNCT application at the TRIGA MARK II reactor. Currently, the BNCT facility is planned to be developed at the thermal column. Thus, to fabricate the nuclear application such as BNCT required several required such as the study of design, material, neutron desired and safety for the application. Therefore, the use of simulation software such as Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) was extensively essential to identify and determine the most convenient design of the BNCT facility with proper safety requirement standard. Besides that, the simulation also useful in terms of identifying good material and best geometry and the uses of simulation can guide to make sure this research achieves the best results. Generally, MCNP function to track the particle over its energy range using the irradiation transport and the neutron flux and the gamma flux produced from the simulation using MCNPX code was consider right if the relative errors contributed was lower than 5%. This research simulates that the uncovered collimator provides high neutron flux and high collimator performance compared to the fully covered collimator. This research is useful in the simulate on the desired neutron from the BNCT facility design at the TRIGA MARK II reactor.
Relative assessment of anti-quorum sensing in Piper betle leaves extract via pyoverdin assay
Authors: Mohamed Sedek S A , Abd Latif M N , Arifin M A , Abdul Munaim M S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Anti-quorum sensing property has been a popular alternative approach over bactericidal/bacteriostatic property in combating bacterial infection while simultaneously tackling the dilemma of antibiotic resistance. We presented pyoverdin assay as an initial screening to qualitatively determine the anti-quorum sensing activity in Piper betle by measuring the loss of absorbance at wavelength 630 nm. Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was proven to be unaffected by the presence of the P. betle leaves extract. The regression value (R2) of the quorum sensing (QS) activity in untreated supernatant of P. aeruginosa was 0.9636 and we presented the QS activity in fold-change, normalized to untreated sample for a fair comparison between batch of assays. We further assessed the QS activity in the extracts of P. betle leaves and found the QS activity of P. aeruginosa grown in the presence of ethyl acetate extract at 200 μg/ml was reduced to 0.6-fold. As the concentrations went lower, higher fold of QS activity was observed, suggesting that P. betle leaves extract is demonstrating anti-QS activity at a higher concentration. Further fractionate of ethyl acetate crude extracts resulted in three fractionates with high anti-QS activity with >50% reduction in QS activity and five fractionates with intermediate anti-QS activity. The use of pyoverdin assay to qualitatively portray the anti-QS activity could shorten the lengthiness of extracting and measuring the signaling molecule yet, produces reliable information to screen for anti-QS activity and guide for further fractionation and purification of bioactive compound.
Sustainability analysis on landfilling and evaluation of characteristics in landfill leachate: a case study
Authors: Mohd-Salleh S N A , Shaylinda M Z N , Othman N , Azizan M O , Yashni G , Afnizan W M W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Issues on solid waste management in the most Asian developing countries is not recent. Unfortunately, Malaysia is still practicing landfilling method to dispose the solid wastes. The apparent consequence of this method is the production of highly polluted wastewater called leachate, which can cause several inconveniences and issues. The characterization of landfill leachate is merely important because it can guide towards the possible appropriate treatment. The main focus of this study was to analyse the leachate characteristics at Simpang Renggam Landfill Site, Johor, Malaysia for five consecutive months from January to May of 2018. There were 16 analyzed parameters; namely temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, suspended solids (SS), colour, turbidity, ammonia (NH3-N), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), BOD5/COD ratio, as well as heavy metals (iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb)). All parameters were analyzed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, and have followed the procedures of respective instruments. Leachate in SRLS could be classified as stabilized ones, by considering the characteristics and the age of landfill. SRLS is recommended to upgrade its management system for better waste disposal and leachate treatment.
Ozonolysis of wastewater from rubber industry
Authors: Rosmod K , Boonkitkoson A , Kokoo R , Srisurat T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The chemical industries currently release pollutants into air, soil, and water. For rubber industry, large amount of wastewater is produced resulting in huge energy demand for water treatment. However, there are several restriction factors for wastewater treatment i. e., contaminated oil from machinery and foul odour from organic matter caused by microbial enzymes. To overcome these problems, this research focused on wastewater treatment from rubber industry via ozonolysis. Two cases of experiments were carried out in a bubble column with capacity of 500 ml including with and without ozonolysis. Ozone concentration were maintained at 64 mg/L. Samples of 10 ml were collected every 4 h and then analyzed by GC- MS. The BOD, COD, and operating cost were investigated. The results showed that the BOD and COD decrease by 40% when ozonolysis was applied. The colour of wastewater become clear after ozonolysis. In addition, the operating cost of ozonolysis process is lower than that of without ozonolysis.
A Novel Microbial Biofilm Carrier for Wastewater Remediation
Authors: Al-Amshawee S K , Yunus M Y , Azoddein A A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Biological wastewater treatment via biofilm colonies are still in their early stages of evolution. Solid carriers made of wide range of materials in different designs have been introduced to increase biofilm growth by delivering high surface area which expands microbes’ attachment. It reduces 70-90% of total wastewater contamination (Based on the treatment circumstances and influent properties). In addition, it is considered a low-cost biological process and highly preferred by wastewater industries. Despite that, biofilm carriers failed to deliver a stable biotreatment. Unsteady bioremediation could occur because of using ineffective designed carrier which disturbs the microbial growth. Numerous biofilm carriers had been reviewed and mentioned in this paper like K1, AMT, BioBall, …etc. Then, two carrier designs named as Ultra and Micro media were introduced to carry and protect biofilm and microbial colonies from being removed during the process. Its expected that the new biofilm carriers can improve moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) performance in terms of stability, biomass accumulation, clogging, and biofilm growth. At the end, unharmful wastewater can be discharged to the waterways or recycled back into the industry. Finally, this study suggests designing carriers having crimped surfaces to enhance the extracellular polymeric substance attachment.
Evaluation of current situation of melaleuca forest in the U Minh Ha national park, Vietnam under the situation of climate change and proposed solutions for conservation and sustainable development
Authors: Thi Thanh V H , Vu Hoang P P , Trong K H , Ho Thanh P P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
U Minh Ha National Park (UMHNP) is one of the important biosphere reserves in Viet Nam, this park still has a pristine ecosystem like natural melaleuca forest on peatland in the core zone of UMHNP. Melaleuca forest is not only economic revenue for native people but also the habitat for all the species in UMHNP. However, facing to current climate change and fire prevention of UMHNP has made the growth of melaleuca forest get some negative effects. Melaleuca cajuput can grow in a wetland if the depth of water is not high and waterlogged duration is not last long. If the water depth is over 50 cm and waterlogged duration is more than 5-6 months the roots of this land will be damaged. Currently under the condition of climate change, in the dry season, the high temperature and prolonged heat make the herbaceous and liana vegetation die and form burning materials. Unevenly distributed rainfall combined with prolonged heat increases the risk of forest fire, especially in the last months of the dry season. To prevent forest fires, the U Minh Ha national management board always maintains high water levels in canals, maintaining high water levels for a long time reducing the risk of forest fire but also makes peat land dilated leads to the fallen of Melaleuca trees. At the same time, at the beginning of the rainy season, heavy local rainfall led to the phenomenon of alum in this area. This research has shown the current state of U Minh Ha National Park under climate change status and proposed some measures to help Melaleuca forest grows sustainably.
Quality Evaluation of Tourmaline Green Appearance Based on CIECAM16 Color Appearance Model
Authors: Yuan Bin , Guo Ying , Li Yinuo , Jia Haoyuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Tourmaline minerals are mainly produced in pegmatite, which is mainly produced in pegmatite.At present, the color evaluation of green tourmaline in China needs to be supplemented. In this paper, the CIECAM16 color appearance model is used to calculate the color appearance attribute parameters of green tourmaline samples, and the tristimulus XYZ of green tourmaline color measured by Colori5 colorimeter is used as the input data of CIECAM16 color appearance model to predict the color appearance attribute of green tourmaline under different conditions. The CIECAM16 color appearance model written by computer C++ language is used to calculate the color appearance attribute parameters under different illuminance levels under D65 light source, different environment (Average, Dim, Dark) conditions and different illumination light source color temperatures (D65, D50, A). Through analysis and calculation of the color appearance attribute parameters, it is found that that the increase of illuminance has a more intuitive effect on the visual brightness Q, while the change of ambient light and shade has a greater effect on the brightness than the change of light source. The A light source has a more obvious effect on the tourmaline of color than D65 and D50 light sources.
Analysis of Stress Distribution of Double-layer Shoulder Beam of Concrete-filled Steel Tubular
Authors: Wang Yang , Qi Baofeng , Peng Yao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
At present, single-layer shoulder beam can not meet the operation of large-tonnage bridge cranes with different elevations. However, due to the complexity of the bearing forms of double-layer shoulder beam, there is no corresponding design formula in the code. In order to study the one-way pushing force performance of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) double-layer shoulder beam with mid-column, combined with the prototype of the shoulder beams in a shipbuilding building, the scale of the beam was analyzed by ABAQUS software, and the P-Δ curve was calculated, the failure process and the stress mechanism were described, and the stress distribution law of lower shoulder beams in elastic stage was emphatically analyzed.
A Concrete Pouring Temperature Forecast Method for Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Zhu Zhenyang , Liu Yi , Tan Yaosheng , Zhou Mengxia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
To address problems with the existing concrete pouring temperature forecast methods, an improved forecast method is presented in this paper. A concrete temperature variation calculation method during pouring is proposed. In this method, the effect of the external environmental temperature on the concrete pouring temperature for various measures is calculated using a finite element model. The relationships between heat conductivity, thermal diffusivity, surface heat transfer coefficient and the concrete temperature rise coefficient are obtained via fitting, and the reliability of these relationship equations are verified.