bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ebola-Specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses in Sierra Leonean Ebola Virus Survivors With or Without Post-Ebola Sequelae
Authors: LaVergne Stephanie M , Sakabe Saori , Kanneh Lansana , Momoh Mambu , Al-Hassan Foday , Yilah Mohamed , Goba Augustine , Sandi John Demby , Gbakie Michael , Cubitt Beatrice , Boisen Matthew , Mayeux Jessica M , Smira Ashley , Shore Kayla , Bica Iris , Pollard K Michael , Carlos de la Torre Juan , Branco Luis M , Garry Robert F , Grant Donald S , Schieffelin John S , Oldstone Michael B A , Sullivan Brian M 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEbola virus (EBOV) disease has killed thousands of West and Central Africans over the past several decades. Many who survive the acute disease later experience post-Ebola syndrome, a constellation of symptoms whose causative pathogenesis is unclear.MethodsWe investigated EBOV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses in 37 Sierra Leonean EBOV disease survivors with (n = 19) or without (n = 18) sequelae of arthralgia and ocular symptoms. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding EBOV antigens. We also studied the presence of EBOV-specific immunoglobulin G, antinuclear antibodies, anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, rheumatoid factor, complement levels, and cytokine levels in these 2 groups.ResultsSurvivors with sequelae had a significantly higher EBOV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell response. No differences in EBOV-specific immunoglobulin G, antinuclear antibody, or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels were found. Survivors with sequelae showed significantly higher rheumatoid factor levels.ConclusionEBOV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were significantly higher in Ebola survivors with post-Ebola syndrome. These findings suggest that pathogenesis may occur as an immune-mediated disease via virus-specific T-cell immune response or that persistent antigen exposure leads to increased and sustained T-cell responses.
Chronic and Early Antiretroviral Therapy Impact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Serological Assay Sensitivity, Leading to More False-Negative Test Results in HIV Diagnosis
Authors: Stoffels Karolien , Vanroye Fien , Mortier Virginie , Debaisieux Laurent , Delforge Marie-Luce , Depypere Melissa , Dessilly Géraldine , Vaira Dolores , Vancutsem Ellen , Van den Wijngaert Sigi , Van Laethem Kristel , Vercauteren Koen O A , Verhofstede Chris , Fransen Katrien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis retrospective study evaluated the reactivity of 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) confirmatory assays (INNO-LIA, Geenius, and MP) and 7 HIV rapid tests on samples from 2 different study populations in Belgium. For the early-treated cohort (83 HIV-1 adult patients treated within 3 months after infection), HIV-1 diagnosis was not obtained in at least 1 confirmatory assay in 12.0% (10/83) and in an HIV rapid test in 31.3% (26/83). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 95.2%, whereas rapid test assay sensitivities ranged from 75.9% to 100%. The time to treatment initiation or the length of time on treatment did not have a statistical influence on the probability to obtain a false-negative test result. The fastest reversion was demonstrated after 4 months of treatment. Among the long-term treated cohort (390 HIV-1 patients with ≥ 9 years of undetectable viral load), false-negative test results were found in at least 1 HIV confirmatory assay for 2.1% (8/390) of the patients and in a HIV rapid test for 4.9% (19/390). Confirmation assay sensitivities ranged from 98.1% to 99.5%, whereas rapid test sensitivities ranged from 96.2% to 100%. Longer treatment increased nonreactivity of the HIV rapid tests (P = .033). Undetectable viral load decreases the sensitivities of HIV diagnostic tests, and further monitoring of the performance of serological assays is advised.
Understanding Meaningful Participation and the Situated Use of Technology in Community Music for Active Ageing
Authors: Mao Mao , Blackwell Alan F , Good David A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn unfortunate tendency in previous HCI research has been to give the impression that it aims to ‘fix the problem’ of human ageing, suggesting a ‘deficit’ model of ageing or a ‘prosthetic’ model of technology. We conducted diary-aided interviews to investigate how technology use is situated in active, healthy older adults’ meaningful participation in community music. We argue that recognizing community music practices and technology use as situated action provides opportunities to grasp the subtleties of social participation and design for active ageing. We identified technology-mediated music practices, such as music sharing and revisiting, and how they evolved through the reconfiguration of connections between technology, competence, and forward-facing identities. We found that identity development, via routes such as exercising control, role transitions, and social spaces, had psychological significance and implications for active ageing. We explore how HCI leverages the perspective of active ageing and might facilitate older adults’ meaningful participation enhanced by technologies.
Pharmacokinetic similarity demonstrated after crushing of the elbasvir/grazoprevir fixed-dose combination tablet for HCV infection
Authors: Pijnenburg Daniëlle W M , van Seyen Minou , Abbink Evertine J , Colbers Angela , Drenth Joost P H , Burger David M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Finding a suitable treatment for HCV patients with swallowing disorders is still a major challenge. In practice, direct-acting antivirals are crushed without knowledge of adequate absorption. Crushing can alter drug exposure, possibly leading to treatment failure, development of resistance or toxicity. Currently, there is no information about crushing of the fixed-dose combination tablet of elbasvir/grazoprevir; therefore, crushing of this tablet is not recommended.

Objectives
To investigate the influence of crushing on the pharmacokinetics of the elbasvir/grazoprevir fixed-dose combination tablet.

Methods
We conducted an open-label, two-period, randomized, cross-over, Phase I, single-dose trial in 11 healthy adult volunteers. Subjects randomly received whole-tablet elbasvir/grazoprevir or crushed and suspended elbasvir/grazoprevir in a fasted state. Pharmacokinetic similarity criteria (90% CIs lie within 70%–143% acceptance range) were used for AUC0–∞ and AUC0–72.

Results
Mean plasma concentration–time curves of elbasvir and grazoprevir showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0–∞ and AUC0–72 of elbasvir and grazoprevir after intake of a crushed tablet were on average 12%–16% higher compared with the whole tablet, but 90% CIs were all within the predefined boundaries of pharmacokinetic similarity. Crushing leads to a higher Cmax of grazoprevir (42%); no significant difference was found between treatments with regard to the Cmax of elbasvir. No serious adverse events were reported during the trial.

Conclusions
Pharmacokinetic similarity could be demonstrated for a crushed and suspended tablet compared with a whole tablet, without impacting drug safety or efficacy. Crushed and suspended administration of elbasvir/grazoprevir can be used in patients with swallowing disorders.
Carbapenem inactivation method using bacterial lysate and MOPS (LCIM): a very sensitive method for detecting carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter species
Authors: Yamada Kageto , Aoki Kotaro , Nagasawa Tatsuya , Imai Waka , Sasaki Masakazu , Murakami Hinako , Morita Toshisuke , Ishii Yoshikazu , Tateda Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesDetection of carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamase (CHDL)-producing Acinetobacter spp. is critical for understanding antibiotic resistance. In this study, we compared the available detection techniques derived from the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), using CHDL-producing Acinetobacter spp., and developed a modified method that uses bacterial lysate (lysate CIM; LCIM).MethodsA total of 159 Acinetobacter spp. (102 carbapenemase producers and 57 non-producers) and 14 Pseudomonas spp. (7 carbapenemase producers and 7 non-producers) were tested. Modified CIM, simplified CIM, CIMTris, Triton-CIM and LCIM were compared using these strains. Distinct from the CIM, LCIM includes a longer incubation period (4 h) with 2.0% Triton X-100 (v/v) in 20 mM MOPS buffer instead of water.ResultsThe sensitivity/specificity of the modified CIM, simplified CIM, CIMTris, Triton-CIM and LCIM were 71.6%/100%, 66.1%/89.1%, 88.1%/95.3%, 80.7%/100% and 97.2%/100%, respectively. LCIM was the most sensitive and specific.ConclusionsUse of bacterial lysate and MOPS increased the sensitivity of the CIM in detecting CHDL-producing Acinetobacter spp.
Palliative care physicians’ perspectives of management for terminally ill cancer patients with death rattle: a nationwide survey
Authors: Matsunuma Ryo , Suzuki Kozue , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Mori Masanori , Watanabe Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Takashi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Death rattle occurs during the last days of life, and relatives of those afflicted frequently report that it is very distressful. However, there is no effective treatment for it. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of Japanese palliative care physicians in clinical practice in Japan. We conducted a nationwide survey of 268 physicians via an anonymous, self-report questionnaire. We assessed pharmacological and non-pharmacological management and anticholinergic agent choice. One hundred eighty-nine physicians (70.5%) returned the questionnaires. Fifty-five participants (29.1%) treating patients with Type-1 (real death rattle) and 36 participants (19%) treating patients with Type-2 (pseudo-death rattle) death rattle reported that they would frequently administer an anticholinergic agent. One-fourth would administer scopolamine butylbromide or scopolamine hydrobromide. In conclusion, more Japanese palliative care physicians thought that anticholinergic agents might be effective for treating Type-1 death rattle rather than Type-2. Further clinical trials of these agents are needed.
A Dozen Testosterone Samples From One Patient, on One Day?
Authors: Foley Kevin F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The differential diagnosis of female virilization and infertility can be significantly narrowed using routine laboratory testing. The case presented herein is an example of a 28 year old Caucasian female patient with amenorrhea, hirsutism, and infertility in the context of markedly elevated serum testosterone levels. This case highlights the use of bilateral ovarian vein sampling for testosterone as a means to localize the ectopic testosterone production and to guide future surgical procedures. Adrenal vein sampling procedures are relatively more common than other methods. Ovarian vein sampling is less common, yet in this case, it proved diagnostic. This case demonstrates the needed cooperation of the clinical laboratory and the patient care team performing the catheterization, for this type of testing to be useful. In this unique case, we discovered bilateral production of androgens.
Assessment of Medical Laboratory Undergraduates Training in Different School Year Systems
Authors: Lu Yajun , Xia Qianfeng , Yang Jun 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effect of the change from the 5-year system of coursework to a 4-year system on the achievements of medical laboratory undergraduates.

Methods
We analyzed and then compared the topics of training and the test scores among all subject individuals in the 5-year vs the 4-year undergraduate program.

Results
Five-year-program undergraduates and 4-year-program undergraduates were required to complete 50 courses. The average weekly education time in the 4-year program (27.05 lesson-hours/week) was greater than that in the 5-year program (22.99 lesson-hours/week). The proportion of clinical practice in the hospital setting in the 4-year program (26.8%) was higher than that in the 5-year program (24.5%). The average, excellent, and good scores among 4-year-program undergraduates in general education courses, professional basic courses, professional courses, all courses, and common courses were lower than those scores among the 5-year-program undergraduates.

Conclusions
The 5-year undergraduate program should be adapted to help boost the achievements and practical skills among its students, in helping them adapt quickly to the new, 4-year training plan (which presented a serious challenge in our cohort).
Revising the merger scenario of the galaxy cluster Abell 1644: a new gas poor structure discovered by weak gravitational lensing
Authors: Monteiro-Oliveira R , Doubrawa L , Machado R E G , Lima Neto G B , Castejon M , Cypriano E S 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The galaxy cluster Abell 1644 ($\bar{z}=0.047$) is known for its remarkable spiral-like X-ray emission. It was previously identified as a bimodal system, comprising the subclusters, A1644S and A1644N, each one centred on a giant elliptical galaxy. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of this system, including new weak lensing and dynamical data and analysis plus a tailor-made hydrodynamical simulation. The lensing and galaxy density maps showed a structure in the North that could not be seen on the X-ray images. We, therefore, rename the previously known northern halo as A1644N1 and the new one as A1644N2. Our lensing data suggest that those have fairly similar masses: $M_{200}^{\rm N1}=0.90_{-0.85}^{+0.45} \times 10^{14}$ and $M_{200}^{\rm N2}=0.76_{-0.75}^{+0.37} \times 10^{14}$ M⊙, whereas the southern structure is the main one: $M_{200}^{\rm S}=1.90_{-1.28}^{+0.89}\times 10^{14}$ M⊙. Based on the simulations, fed by the observational data, we propose a scenario where the remarkable X-ray characteristics in the system are the result of a collision between A1644S and A1644N2 that happened ∼1.6 Gyr ago. Currently, those systems should be heading to a new encounter, after reaching their maximum separation.
A solution to the overdamping problem when simulating dust–gas mixtures with smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Price Daniel J , Laibe Guillaume 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
We present a fix to the overdamping problem found by Laibe & Price when simulating strongly coupled dust–gas mixtures using two different sets of particles using smoothed particle hydrodynamics. Our solution is to compute the drag at the barycentre between gas and dust particle pairs when computing the drag force by reconstructing the velocity field, similar to the procedure in Godunov-type solvers. This fixes the overdamping problem at negligible computational cost, but with additional memory required to store velocity derivatives. We employ slope limiters to avoid spurious oscillations at shocks, finding the van Leer Monotonized Central limiter most effective.
Downregulation of HDAC8 expression decreases CD163 levels and promotes the apoptosis of macrophages by activating the ERK signaling pathway in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage
Authors: Yao Yongli , Hao Fan , Tang Lin-Chen , Xu Xiang-Hong , Jin Liping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) is a systemic disorder that has been defined as two or more pregnancies lost before the 20th week of gestation. Although the impaired function of macrophages at the maternal–fetal interface has been reported to be associated with RSM, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that HDAC8 plays a critical role in RSM. Our results show that the mRNA and protein expression of HDAC8 was decreased in decidual macrophages from RSM patients. Moreover, the knockdown of HDAC8 resulted in a significant decrease in CD163 expression and an increase in apoptosis in dTHP-1 macrophages. Mechanistically, the ERK signaling pathway was activated in HDAC8-knockdown macrophages. When HDAC8-knockdown cells were pretreated with the ERK inhibitor U0126, expression levels of CD163, activated caspases 3, 7 and 9, and the apoptosis rate, were rescued. Taken together, our current results suggest that HDAC8 plays an important role in macrophage activation and apoptosis and may contribute to maintaining normal pregnancy by increasing the expression of M2 marker genes and inhibiting the apoptosis of macrophages at the maternal–fetal interface.
RiboToolkit: an integrated platform for analysis and annotation of ribosome profiling data to decode mRNA translation at codon resolution
Authors: Liu Qi , Shvarts Tanya , Sliz Piotr , Gregory Richard I 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) is a powerful technology for globally monitoring RNA translation; ranging from codon occupancy profiling, identification of actively translated open reading frames (ORFs), to the quantification of translational efficiency under various physiological or experimental conditions. However, analyzing and decoding translation information from Ribo-seq data is not trivial. Although there are many existing tools to analyze Ribo-seq data, most of these tools are designed for specific or limited functionalities and an easy-to-use integrated tool to analyze Ribo-seq data is lacking. Fortunately, the small size (26–34 nt) of ribosome protected fragments (RPFs) in Ribo-seq and the relatively small amount of sequencing data greatly facilitates the development of such a web platform, which is easy to manipulate for users with or without bioinformatic expertise. Thus, we developed RiboToolkit (http://rnabioinfor.tch.harvard.edu/RiboToolkit), a convenient, freely available, web-based service to centralize Ribo-seq data analyses, including data cleaning and quality evaluation, expression analysis based on RPFs, codon occupancy, translation efficiency analysis, differential translation analysis, functional annotation, translation metagene analysis, and identification of actively translated ORFs. Besides, easy-to-use web interfaces were developed to facilitate data analysis and intuitively visualize results. Thus, RiboToolkit will greatly facilitate the study of mRNA translation based on ribosome profiling.
Clinical Characteristics, Etiology, and Initial Management Strategy of Newly Diagnosed Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Cohort Study of 783 Patients
Authors: Manning Laurens , Metcalf Sarah , Clark Benjamin , Robinson James Owen , Huggan Paul , Luey Chris , McBride Stephen , Aboltins Craig , Nelson Renjy , Campbell David , Solomon Lucian Bogdan , Schneider Kellie , Loewenthal Mark , Yates Piers , Athan Eugene , Cooper Darcie , Rad Babak , Allworth Tony , Reid Alistair , Read Kerry , Leung Peter , Sud Archana , Nagendra Vana , Chean Roy , Lemoh Chris , Mutalima Nora , Grimwade Kate , Sehu Marjorie , Torda Adrienne , Aung Thi , Graves Steven , Paterson David , Davis Josh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. Most observational studies of PJI are retrospective or single-center, and reported management approaches and outcomes vary widely. We hypothesized that there would be substantial heterogeneity in PJI management and that most PJIs would present as late acute infections occurring as a consequence of bloodstream infections.

Methods
The Prosthetic joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand, Observational (PIANO) study is a prospective study at 27 hospitals. From July 2014 through December 2017, we enrolled all adults with a newly diagnosed PJI of a large joint. We collected data on demographics, microbiology, and surgical and antibiotic management over the first 3 months postpresentation.

Results
We enrolled 783 patients (427 knee, 323 hip, 25 shoulder, 6 elbow, and 2 ankle). The mode of presentation was late acute (&gt;30 days postimplantation and &lt;7 days of symptoms; 351, 45%), followed by early (≤30 days postimplantation; 196, 25%) and chronic (&gt;30 days postimplantation with ≥30 days of symptoms; 148, 19%). Debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and implant retention constituted the commonest initial management approach (565, 72%), but debridement was moderate or less in 142 (25%) and the polyethylene liner was not exchanged in 104 (23%).

Conclusions
In contrast to most studies, late acute infection was the most common mode of presentation, likely reflecting hematogenous seeding. Management was heterogeneous, reflecting the poor evidence base and the need for randomized controlled trials.
Parliamentary Procedure under Theresa May: Nothing Has Changed?
Authors: Fleming Thomas G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
During the premiership of Theresa May, parliamentary procedure in the UK was scrutinised, criticised and challenged to an extent unprecedented in recent years. This put intense pressure on the ‘rules of the game’ governing parliamentary politics. This article thus aims to answer three questions. First, what were the pressures on parliamentary procedure in this period? Secondly, what were their consequences? Thirdly, how can these consequences be explained? The article addresses these questions by describing challenges to the House of Commons’ rules regarding agenda control, proxy voting and private members’ bills. It also describes the procedural changes resulting from these challenges and evaluates their significance. Finally, it considers how far these changes support the expectations of existing literature on parliamentary rule changes. Overall, the article shows that procedural reform during Theresa May’s premiership was minimal. Despite some temporary informal innovations, the formal rules of the Commons remained almost entirely unchanged. During this period, therefore, Britain’s parliamentary rules were challenged extensively but changed very little.
The substantial awareness role of web-based and social media platforms in developing countries during a pandemic scenario: the example of COVID-19
Authors: Abdul-Baki Mohammad-Nasan , Dhemesh Yaseen , Alasadi Lugien , Alsuliman Tamim 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
During the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19, social media platforms have shown effectiveness in information dissemination. Delivering evidence-based medical knowledge and trustworthy recommendations is a difficult mission for classical entities, especially in a war-torn country with a fragile health system. In this context, the role of non-governmental scientific organizations was proven, filling the gap between original scientific sources and a non-English speaking population.

Methods
We reviewed an example of an organization named Syrian Researchers, which publishes based-on-reliable-sources of scientific content and has massive reachability across Middle East and beyond.

Results
We strongly believe that this model is a simple and suitable approach that may be helpful for other low-income or war-torn countries in the context of health-related disasters.

Conclusions
This subject is of high importance and we believe that this approach may ameliorate public health knowledge, thus, participate in defying the COVID-19 consequences.
CHARACTERISATION OF RADIOPHOTOLUMINESCENCE DOSIMETRY SYSTEM FOR INDIVIDUAL MONITORING
Authors: Hajek M , Sugiyama M , Kolb G , Tucker D M , Pinak M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Performance evaluation is typically assessed as part of the approval procedure to verify that a dosimetry system fulfils specified national or international type-test requirements under representative exposure conditions that are expected to mimic workplace fields from the radiological activities being monitored. The International Atomic Energy Agency Radiation Safety Technical Services Laboratory has recently implemented an integrated radiophotoluminescence (RPL) personal dosimetry system developed by Chiyoda Technol Corporation. This paper reports on the successful verification of dosimetric performance properties of the RPL dosimetry system to IEC 62387:2020, in which the badges were exposed to a range of radiation energies and angles of incidence as well as other influence parameters. Characteristics under test included the coefficient of variation, non-linearity of response due to dose dependence as well as the energy and angular response to photon and beta radiation.