bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood donor recruitment in Guangzhou, China, during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) epidemic
Authors: Ou‐Yang Jian , Li Shi‐Jie , Bei Chun‐hua , He Bo , Chen Jin‐yan , Liang Hua‐qin , Fu Yong‐shui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic affected blood collection in Guangzhou, China.Study Design and MethodsThis paper includes three studies. The observational study reported the trends of blood collection during the epidemic in Guangzhou, China. The cross‐sectional survey investigated factors influencing blood donation during the COVID‐19 epidemic, and a self‐administered questionnaire was given to 1584 street whole blood donors (SWBDs) who donated during the epidemic. The randomized controlled trial involved 19 491 SWBDs who donated in 2019 but did not donate during the epidemic. Trial participants were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: Group 1 completed Questionnaire 1, which contained precautionary measures in response to COVID‐19 and other messages about blood donation during the epidemic; Group 2 completed Questionnaire 2, which did not include this information. A control group did not receive any questionnaire.ResultsAs measures were implemented, the number of blood donors increased accordingly. Both first‐time and repeat SWBDs perceived the same level of blood need and donated blood because it would save lives. SWBDs who completed Questionnaire 1 expressed a greater intention to donate during the epidemic. Enabling blood donors to perceive a higher level of blood need and a lower level of COVID‐19 infection risk related to blood donation mobilized experienced SWBDs to donate within 3 weeks. Intention‐to‐treat analyses and average‐treatment‐effect‐on‐the‐treated estimations confirmed that Questionnaire 1 could motivate SWBDs to actually donate blood.ConclusionVarious measures could ease blood shortage during the COVID‐19 epidemic. Administration of Questionnaire 1 could increase blood donations during the epidemic.
Electro‐oxidation of phenol in petroleum wastewater using a novel pilot‐scale electrochemical cell with graphite and stainless‐steel electrodes
Authors: Abou‐Taleb Enas M. , Hellal Mohamed S. , Kamal Kholod H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work investigated the removal of phenol from petroleum wastewater by the electro‐oxidation process. The experimental design was developed on a pilot‐scale electro‐oxidation system equipped with a cylindrical shape of graphite electrodes as an anode and stainless‐steel electrodes as a cathode. An initial study was performed based on operating variables such as current density and time on real petroleum wastewater. The optimum conditions were obtained as a current density of 3 mA/cm2 and time 15 min. Under these applied optimum conditions, complete phenol removal from an initial concentration of about 6.8 mg/L was achieved. Also, 50–60% removal of organic matter in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). The removal of organic matter using electro‐oxidation requires a long reaction time. Also, the economic study indicated that the energy consumption was determined to be 0.79 kWh/m3 and the operating cost was 0.051 $/m3 which is very economical compared with conventional methods.
Experimental Study on Oscillating Heat Pipe With a Hydraulic Diameter Far Exceeding the Maximum Hydraulic Diameter
Authors: Chu Lilin , Ji Yulong , Ma Hongbin , Li Yantao , Chang Chao , Yu Chunrong , Wang Zongyu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to understand the heat transfer performance, startup, and fluid flow conditions of oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) with a hydraulic diameter far exceeding the maximum hydraulic diameter (MHD) defined by dh,max≤2σBo/(ρl−ρv)g, an experimental investigation on the OHP heat transfer performance and visualization was conducted. The effects of heat input, working fluid, and orientation on the oscillating motion and heat transfer performance of the investigated OHPs have been conducted. In addition, the detailed flow patterns of the tested OHPs were recorded by a high-speed camera from both vertical and horizontal orientations. Results show that the maximum hydraulic diameter, which can form a train of liquid plugs and vapor bubbles, which is essential for an OHP to function, depends on the heat input, working fluid, and orientation. At a power input of 1000 W, the OHP can still function well even when the tube diameter exceeds the MHD of 91.6%. This maximum hydraulic dimeter depends on the orientation. While the OHP with a dimeter far exceeding the MHD can still function, the heat transfer performance of the OHP in a vertical orientation is better than in a horizontal orientation.
Design and Configuration of Folded Platonic Strapdowns of Biaxial MEMS Accelerometers
Authors: Shan Xiaowei , Angeles Jorge , Forbes James Richard 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The authors report on the design, configure, and test of isotropic accelerometer strapdowns for high-precision inertial measurement unit (IMU) and folded MEMS configuration. The biaxial low-g MEMS accelerometers are based on the Platonic solids. A Platonic strapdown is integrated into an embedded system for acceleration-array signal acquisition targeting rigid-body pose-and-twist estimation. The electromechanical properties for dynamic sensitivity are tested on a haptic manipulator, which shows that the position estimation matches reasonably well the encoder readouts. The Platonic strapdown is promising in folded MEMS IMU with chip-level miniaturization and high estimation precision.
Shape Optimization Framework for the Path of the Primary Compliance Vector in Compliant Mechanisms
Authors: Kooistra Hylke , Kim Charles J. , van de Sande Werner W. P. J. , Herder Just L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe primary compliance vector (PCV) captures the dominant kinematic behavior of a compliant mechanism. Its trajectory describes large deformation mechanism behavior and can be integrated in an optimization objective in detailed compliant mechanism design. This paper presents a general framework for the optimization of the PCV path, the mechanism trajectory of lowest energy, using a unified stiffness characterization and piecewise curve representation. We present a meaningful objective formulation for the PCV path that evaluates path shape, location, orientation, and length independently and apply the framework to two design examples. The framework is useful for design of planar and shell compliant mechanisms that traverse a specified mechanism trajectory and that are insensitive to load perturbations.
Estimated effect of secondary screening for hip dislocation
Authors: Wenger Daniel , Tiderius Carl Johan , Düppe Henrik 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo quantify the effect of secondary screening for hip dislocations.DesignRetrospective analysis of hospital files from participants in a prospectively collected nationwide registry.SettingChild healthcare centres and orthopaedic departments in Sweden.ParticipantsOf 126 children with hip dislocation diagnosed later than 14 days age in the 2000–2009 birth cohort, 101 had complete data and were included in the study.InterventionsThe entire birth cohort was subject to clinical screening for hip instability at 6–8 weeks, 6 months and 10–12 months age. Children diagnosed through this screening were compared with children presenting due to symptoms, which was used as a surrogate variable representing a situation without secondary screening.Main outcome measuresAge at diagnosis and disease severity of late presenting hip dislocations.ResultsChildren diagnosed through secondary screening were 11 months younger (median: 47 weeks) compared with those presenting with symptoms (p<0.001). Children diagnosed through secondary screening had 11% risk of having a high (severe) dislocation, compared with 38% for those diagnosed due to symptoms; absolute risk reduction 27% (95% CI: 9.7% to 45%), relative risk 0.28 (95% CI: 0.11 to 0.70). Children presenting due to symptoms had OR 5.1 (95% CI: 1.7 to 15) of having a high dislocation, and OR 11 (95% CI: 4.1 to 31) of presenting at age 1 year or older, compared with the secondary screening group. The secondary screening was able to identify half of the children (55%, 95% CI: 45% to 66%) not diagnosed through primary screening.ConclusionsSecondary screening at child healthcare centres may have substantially lowered the age at diagnosis in half of all children with late presenting hip dislocation not diagnosed through primary screening, with the risk of having a high dislocation decreased almost to one-quarter in such cases.
Changes in choroidal structure following intravitreal aflibercept therapy for
retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Mitamura Yoshinori , Enkhmaa Tserennadmid , Sano Hiroki , Niki Masanori , Murao Fumiko , Egawa Mariko , Sonoda Shozo , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: July 2020

Aims
To examine the choroidal change accompanying retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
in detail, we measured changes in choroidal structure after intravitreal
aflibercept (IVA) injections for RVO using binarisation of enhanced depth
imaging optical coherence tomographic (EDI-OCT) images and assessed
associations with clinical outcome.

Methods
Retrospective, observational case series. Forty treatment-naïve patients
(10 central, 18 major branch and 12 macular branch RVO) were examined by
EDI-OCT before and 1, 3 and 6 months after IVA injections. EDI-OCT images were
binarised using ImageJ. Subfoveal cross-sectional areas of the luminal, stromal
and total choroid over a 1500 µm span were measured and the stromal area to
total choroidal area (S/C) ratio was calculated.

Results
Compared to normal contralateral eyes, afflicted eyes at baseline
exhibited significantly greater stromal area (p<0.001), total choroidal area
(p=0.001) and S/C ratio (p<0.001), but no difference in luminal area
(p=0.083). The stromal area, S/C ratio and total choroidal area were
significantly reduced in afflicted eyes at 1, 3 and 6 months after IVA (all
p<0.006). Baseline S/C ratio was significantly correlated with baseline
visual acuity (VA), baseline central retinal thickness (CRT) and VA and CRT
improvement at 1, 3 and 6 months post-treatment even after adjusting for the
axial length, age and sex (all p<0.012).

Conclusion
RVO induces substantial oedema of the choroidal stromal area that is
detectable by binarisation of EDI-OCT images. This stromal oedema likely stems
from high intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor levels. Changes in
choroidal structure may be used to assess severity and prognosis of
RVO.
Thinner retinal nerve fibre layer in young adults with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Gyllencreutz Emelie , Aring Eva , Landgren Valdemar , Landgren Magnus , Gronlund Marita Andersson 
Published: July 2020

Background/AimsOphthalmological abnormalities such as ptosis, strabismus, refractive errors and optic nerve hypoplasia have been reported in foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether retinal thickness, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and optic disc area (ODA) differ between individuals with FASD and healthy controls.MethodsBest-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in terms of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), refraction, and fundus variables measured by optical coherence tomography were obtained from 26 young adults with FASD (12 women, median age 23 years) and 27 controls (18 women, median age 25 years).ResultsThe total thickness of the peripapillary RNFL was significantly lower in the FASD group than in controls; median (range) in the right/left eye was 96.5 (60–109)/96 (59–107) µm in the FASD group and 105 (95–117)/103 (91–120) µm among controls (p=0.001 and p=0.0001). Macular RNFL and retinal thickness measurements from the FASD group were also lower in most of the nine ETDRS areas, except for the central parts. Median (range) BCVA in the best eye was 0.00 (−0.1–0.3) logMAR in the FASD group and 0.00 (−0.2–0.0) logMAR in controls (p=0.001). No significant differences between the groups were found regarding ODA or refraction.ConclusionSignificant differences in peripapillary and macular RNFL, retinal thickness and BCVA were found in this group of young adults with FASD compared with healthy controls. However, there were no differences in the size of the optic disc.
Evaluation of 0.2 µg/day fluocinolone acetonide (ILUVIEN) implant in a cohort of previously treated patients with diabetic macular oedema (DMO): a 36-month follow-up clinical case series
Authors: Ahmed Muna , Putri Christine , Quhill Hibba , Quhill Fahd 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the real-world effectiveness and safety of single injection of a fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant in previously treated patients with recurrent diabetic macular oedema (DMO) over a 36-month follow-up period.Methods and AnalysisThis is a retrospective study conducted at a single ophthalmology department at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Data were collected using electronic medical records to identify all patients treated with a FAc implant for DMO between March 2014 and November 2014, followed with a 36-month clinic follow-up. Outcomes measured included mean change in best-recorded visual acuity (BRVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) over the period of 36 months, treatment burden pre-implant and post-implant, and functional and anatomical responder rates.ResultsTwenty-six eyes (n=22 patients) were treated with single intravitreal FAc implant followed with 36 months of follow-up. At 24 and 36 months, 86.4% and 75.0% of patients maintained or gained vision post-FAc implant in routine clinical practice. The mean BRVA increased from 41.8 to 54.6 letters at month 24 and 45.8 letters at month 36, with 50.0% and 33.3% of patients achieving a ≥15 letter improvement at months 24 and 36, respectively. The mean CMT reduced from 600.8 µm at baseline to 351.0 µm and 392.5 µm at months 24 and 36, respectively. Overall, a mean of one treatment every 13.33 months post-FAc implant (vs 3.24 months pre-FAc implant) was reported. Eleven eyes had an increased intraocular pressure of ≥10 mm Hg and 12 eyes had an increase to ≥25 mm Hg from baseline.ConclusionThese results further support the effectiveness and safety of FAc implant in previously treated patients with persistent or recurrent DMO in a real-world clinical practice.
IV tPA is associated with increase in rates of intracerebral hemorrhage and length of stay in patients with acute stroke treated with endovascular treatment within 4.5 hours: should we bypass IV tPA in large vessel occlusion?
Authors: Hassan Ameer E , Ringheanu Victor M , Preston Laurie , Tekle Wondwossen , Qureshi Adnan I 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundEndovascular treatment (EVT) is a widely proved method to treat patients diagnosed with intracranial large vessel occlusions (LVOs); however, there has been controversy about the safety and efficacy of incorporating intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) as pretreatment for EVT.ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of all patients with LVO treated with IV tPA +EVT versus EVT alone within 4.5 hours of stroke onset.MethodsA prospectively collected endovascular database at a comprehensive stroke center between 2012 and 2019 was used to examine variables such as demographics, comorbid conditions, symptomatic/asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), mortality rate, and good/poor outcomes as shown by the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) assessment at discharge. The outcomes between patients receiving IV tPA+EVT on admission and patients who underwent EVT alone were compared.ResultsOf 588 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT, a total of 189 met the criteria for the study (average age 70.44±12.90 years, 42.9% women). Analysis of 109 patients from the group receiving EVT+IV tPA (average age 68.17±14.28 years, 41.3% women), and 80 patients from the EVT alone group was performed (average age 73.54±9.84 years, 45.0% women). Four patients (5.0%) in the EVT alone group experienced symptomatic ICH versus 15 patients (13.8%) in the IV tPA+EVT group (p=0.0478); significant increases were also noted in the length of stay for patients treated with IV tPA (8.2 days vs 11.0 days; p=0.0056).ConclusionIV tPA in addition to EVT was associated with an increase in the rate of ICH in patients with LVO treated within 4.5 hours and in patients’ length of stay. Further research is required to determine whether EVT treatment alone in patients with LVO treated within 4.5 hours is a more effective option.
Brain atrophy predicts mortality after mechanical thrombectomy of proximal anterior circulation occlusion
Authors: Lauksio Iisa , Lindström Iisa , Khan Niina , Sillanpää Niko , Hernesniemi Jussi , Oksala Niku , Protto Sara 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundBrain atrophy is associated with an inferior functional outcome in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that brain atrophy determined from pre-interventional non-contrast-enhanced CT scans would also be linked to increased mortality in this cohort.MethodsA total of 204 patients treated with MT for acute occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) or the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (M1) at Tampere University Hospital, Finland between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively studied. Brain atrophy index (BAI), masseter muscle surface area and density, chronic ischemic lesions, and white matter lesions were evaluated from pre-interventional CT studies. Logistic regression was applied in analyzing the association of BAI with 3-month mortality.ResultsMedian age at baseline was 69.9 years (IQR 15.6) and mortality at 3 months was 13.2% (n=27). BAI, measured with excellent reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.894, p<0.001), was significantly associated with age (r=0.54), white matter lesions (r=0.43), dental status (r=−0.31), masseter area (r=−0.24), masseter density (r=−0.28), and chronic ischemic lesions (r=0.24) (p≤0.001 for all). In univariable analysis, BAI demonstrated a strong association with mortality (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.05, per 1 SD increase), and none of the other factors associated with mortality remained as significant when included in the same multivariable model. The results remained similar when extending the follow-up up to 2.5 years.ConclusionsBrain atrophy predicts 3-month mortality after MT of the ICA or the M1 independent of age, masseter sarcopenia, chronic ischemic lesions, or white matter lesions.
Archean granitoids of India: windows into early Earth tectonics – an introduction
Authors: Dey Sukanta , Moyen Jean-François 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Granitoids form the dominant component of Archean cratons. They are generated by partial melting of diverse crustal and mantle sources and subsequent differentiation of the primary magmas, and are formed through a variety of geodynamic processes. Granitoids, therefore, are important archives for early Earth lithospheric evolution. Peninsular India comprises five cratonic blocks bordered by mobile belts. The cratons that stabilized during the Paleoarchean–Mesoarchean (Singhbhum and Western Dharwar) recorded mostly diapirism or sagduction tectonics. Conversely, cratons that stabilized during the late Neoarchean (Eastern Dharwar, Bundelkhand, Bastar and Aravalli) show evidence consistent with terrane accretion–collision in a convergent setting. Thus, the Indian cratons provide testimony to a transition from a dominantly pre-plate tectonic regime in the Paleoarchean–Mesoarchean to a plate-tectonic-like regime in the late Neoarchean. Despite this diversity, all five cratons had a similar petrological evolution with a long period (250–850 myr) of episodic tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) magmatism followed by a shorter period (30–100 myr) of granitoid diversification (sanukitoid, K-rich anatectic granite and A-type granite) with signatures of input from both mantle and crust. The contributions of this Special Publication cover diverse granitoid-related themes, highlighting the potential of Indian cratons in addressing global issues of Archean crustal evolution.
PREASC
Authors: Goli Mehran , Drechsler Rolf 
Published: July 2020

The increasing functionality of electronic systems due to the constant evolution of the market requirements makes the non-functional aspects of such systems (e.g., energy consumption, area overhead, or performance) a major concern in the design process. Approximate computing is a promising way to optimize these criteria by trading accuracy within acceptable limits. Since the cost of applying significant structural changes to a given design increases with the stage of development, the optimization solution needs to be incorporated into the design as early as possible. For the early design entry, modeling hardware at the
Electronic System Level
(ESL) using the SystemC language is nowadays widely used in the industry. To apply approximation techniques to optimize a given SystemC design, designers need to know which parts of the design can be approximated. However, identifying these parts is a crucial and non-trivial starting point of approximate computing, as the incorrect detection of even one critical part as resilient may result in an unacceptable output. This usually requires a significant programming effort by designers, especially when exploring the design space manually.

In this article, we present PREASC, a fully automated framework to identify the resilience portions of a given SystemC design. PREASC is based on a combination of static and dynamic analysis methods along with regression analysis techniques (a fast machine learning method providing an accurate function estimation). Once the resilient portions are identified, an approximation degree analysis is performed to determine the maximum error rate that each resilient portion can tolerate. Subsequently, the maximum number of resilient portions that can be approximated at the same time are reported to designers at different granularity levels. The effectiveness of our approach is evaluated using several standard SystemC benchmarks from various domains.