bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical and Organoleptic Characterization of Flours and Some Food Products Processed from Ten Maize Varieties (Zea mays) Cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Akpro L. A. , Prudence Deffan K. , Gbogouri G. A. , Ban-Koffi Louis , Assemand K. E. , Nemlin G. J. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the processing aptitude of maize varieties into food products to be promoted in Côte d’Ivoire.
Methodology: Three dishes have been developed from ten maize varieties (MAAN16, PGBR, PGB18, AAA3, KF18, CJB, KO/Na4, KO/Na3, KO/Wa6, and EV99MRP). The sensory criteria used for the acceptability of the food products were the taste, the flavor and the color. Prior to the preparation of maize flour based food, like cakes, cooked flour paste (tôh) and semolina porridge, the biochemical and physicochemical characteristics (moisture content, fat, protein content, ash content, carbohydrate, total sugar and reducers and pH) and functional characteristics of maize were determined. Hedonic and descriptive tests were performed with 30 and 15 panelists respectively.
Results: The maize varieties presented good nutritional and technological potentialities because of their high content in essential compounds likely to influence the organoleptic characteristics of the processed food. The lowest starch content was MAAN16 with 38.58 ± 0.45% dw and the highest was CJB with 71.85 ± 0.56% dw. The lowest protein content is 5.56 ± 0.17% dw at CJB and the highest protein content is 13.66 ± 0.33% dw in KO/Na3. The lowest fat content is 3.87 ± 0.12% dw (in KO/Na4) and the highest is 12.56 ± 0.50% dw (in MAAN16); the lowest carbohydrate level is 63.27 ± 0.01% dw (in MAAN16) and the highest is 74.92± 0.03% dw (in CJB). The acceptability of the cakes, the cooked flour paste and the semolina porridge depended on the maize variety. Foods prepared from maize varieties CJB, KO/Na3, KO/Wa6, MAAN16 and PGBR were the most appreciated by tasters.
Staining Property of Alcoholic and Aqueous Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract in Demonstration of Selected Bacteria in Tissue Sections of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ma’aruf S. Y. , Mohammed M. O. , Muhammad A. T. , Okechi O. O. , Tsamiya R. I. , Abubakar U. , Mohammed I. , Umar A. , Sani S. M. , Kabir H. , Bello B. A. , Garba S. , Abubakar S. D. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Dye is used for the artificial colouration of a substance to facilitate its examination by the use of the coloured organic molecule, a process called staining. Over the past many years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many disadvantages associated with them like toxicity and allergenicity. This study aimed to determine the staining effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts of various concentration, various pH and duration in bacteria staining compared with Gram’s staining.
Methods: Standard Gram stains as control and both Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcohol and boiled water) were used to stain inflammatory appendix tissue and lung tissue inoculated with bacteria using various concentration (5% and 10%), at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour) and with change of pH, achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid. Each was used as a counterstain in bacterial stain (to replace Safranin/Neutral red) Safranin/Neutral red.
Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic but the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the extracts. The Hibiscus solutions gave the background, a brown colouration. And inflammatory cells were demonstrated better than the bacteria with aqueous Hibiscus solution strongly when compared with the alcoholic Hibiscus solution.
Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that Hibiscus solution has the potential for use in diagnostic bacteriology in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.
Dendrimer size effects on the selective brain tumor targeting in orthotopic tumor models upon systemic administration
Authors: Liaw Kevin , Zhang Fan , Mangraviti Antonella , Kannan Sujatha , Tyler Betty , Kannan Rangaramanujam M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMalignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15–20 months for patients receiving maximal interventions. Advances in nanomedicine have provided tumor‐specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to potentially overcome their off‐target toxicities. Recent advances in dendrimer‐based nanomedicines have established that hydroxyl‐terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers can intrinsically target neuroinflammation and brain tumors from systemic administration without the need for targeting moieties. The size of nanocarriers is a critical parameter that determines their tumor‐targeting efficiency, intratumor distribution, and clearance mechanism. In this study, we explore the dendrimer size effects on brain tumor targeting capability in two clinically relevant orthotopic brain tumor models, the 9L rat and GL261 mouse models, which capture differing aspects of gliomas. We show that increasing dendrimers from Generation 4 to Generation 6 significantly enhances their tumor accumulation (~10‐fold greater at 24 hr), tumor specificity (~2–3 fold higher), and tumor retention. The superior tumor targeting effect of G6 dendrimers is associated with its reduced renal clearance rate, resulting in longer circulation time compared to G4 dendrimers. Additionally, the increase in dendrimer generation does not compromise its homogeneous tumor distribution and intrinsic targeting of tumor‐associated macrophages. These results validate the potential for these dendrimers as an effective, clinically translatable platform for effectively targeting tumor‐associated macrophages in malignant gliomas.
Alcohol consumption and associated harms among university students in Australia: Findings from a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tanudjaja Selita Agnus , Chih HuiJun , Burns Sharyn , Crawford Gemma , Hallett Jonathan , Jancey Jonine 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIssue addressedUniversity students regularly report alcohol consumption in excess of Australian guidelines for harm. However, previous studies have overlooked the experiences of mature‐aged students. This study assessed alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related harms among university students aged 18‐50 years old in Australia.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey with convenience sample of university students was used in this study. Unadjusted ordinal logistic regressions were performed to explore associations between student characteristics and frequency of alcohol consumption as well as number of standard drinks consumed. Logistic regressions adjusted for student characteristics were performed to assess associations between alcohol consumptions and alcohol‐related harm.ResultsOf the respondents (n = 486), 82% consumed alcohol, of which 50% consumed more than two standard drinks on any day. Age was significantly associated with amount consumed and blackout. Students aged 31‐50 years were less likely to consume more than two standard drinks on any day (odds ratio, OR: 0.62, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.40, 0.97); and less likely to experience blackout (OR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.83) than those aged 18‐20 years. Interestingly, reducing consumption to no more than once a month, when compared to more than twice a month, reduced risk of blackout only for those aged less than 31‐50 years old (adjusted OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.04, 1.13).ConclusionsOlder university students are less likely to drink more than two standard drinks on any day than their younger counterparts.So what?It is recommended that interventions target younger students; however, older students may assist in understanding factors that influence low risk alcohol consumption.
Association between the rs9131 and rs3806792 polymorphisms of the CXCL2 gene and the risk of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma in a Guangxi population
Authors: Lu Yu , Zeng Jie , Yang Shi , Hu Zuojian , Li Limin , Yu Hongli , Qin Xue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGenetic polymorphisms in the CXCL2 may participate in the progress of HBV‐related HCC. However, no researches have evaluated the association between them.MethodsTo figure out the effects of CXCL2 gene polymorphisms on the risk of HBV‐related HCC, two major variants of CXCL2 and their association with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), HBV‐related liver cirrhosis (LC), and HCC were conducted in a Guangxi population. CXCL2 polymorphisms rs9131 and rs3806792 were examined in 147 healthy controls, 138 CHB patients, 137 HBV‐related LC patients, and 150 HBV‐related HCC patients, using the SNaPshot™ genotyping technique.ResultsNo significant differences were found regarding the CXCL2 rs9131 and rs3806792 polymorphisms among the case groups (including CHB, LC, and HCC) and the healthy controls, no matter in comparisons of alleles, genotypes, or haplotypes. Similar insignificant results were also observed when subgroup analyses were performed in different gender. However, when compared the frequencies of allele and genotype in the healthy individuals of our research and those from the 1000 Genomes Project, CC and C for rs9131, and TT and T for rs3806792 of CXCL2 in our healthy controls were only similar with those in Han Chinese in Beijing, but significantly higher than other ethnicities; this indicates that these two polymorphisms of CXCL2 may be not associated with the pathogenesis of HBV‐related HCC in Chinese population, but may play a role in other ethnicities.ConclusionOur observation suggests that SNPs rs9131 and rs3806792 of CXCL2 gene might not contribute to the development of CHB, HBV‐related LC, and HCC in a Guangxi population.
“The Pattern for Jewish Reformation”: The Impact of Lessing on Nineteenth-Century German Jewish Religious Thought
Authors: Kohler George Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe widespread Jewish sympathies for Lessing’s pre-Hegelian, pro-Jewish, progressive Deism from the Education of the Human Race spurred some Jewish authors to return to and discuss Lessing’s religious thought within the theological endeavors of the Wissenschaft des Judentums in nineteenth-century Germany. To be able to rely on Lessing, even retroactively, was welcome proof for Jewish Reformers that the humanistic approach to religious problems that stood at the very center of their project was at once Jewish and universal. It was the spirit of Lessing’s Education that was appropriated here for Judaism rather than Lessing’s letter. With Lessing in the camp of Reform Judaism the intended modernization of Judaism was safeguarded against the accusation of political and social egoism on the part of the Jews. It was the universal idea of religious progress that they shared with Lessing, not just the sloughing off of the yoke of outdated talmudic law.
Imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics induced by low PGC-1α expression contributes to hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Linzhong , Zhang Yanghao , Chang Xinxiang , Zhang Xiuying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics induced by oxidative stress may lead to hepatocyte epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and liver fibrosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis using an in vitro human (L-02 cells, hepatic cell line) and an in vivo mouse model of liver fibrosis. Findings showed that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial DNA damage was associated with abnormal mitochondrial fission and hepatocyte EMT. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers apocynin and mito-tempo effectively attenuated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced abnormal mitochondrial fission and liver fibrosis. Restoring mitochondrial biogenesis attenuated hepatocyte EMT. Oxidative stress-induced abnormal hepatocyte mitochondrial fission events by a mechanism that involved the down regulation of PGC-1α. PGC-1α knockout mice challenged with CCl4 had increased abnormal mitochondrial fission and more severe liver fibrosis than wild type mice. These results indicate that PGC-1α has a protective role in oxidative stress-induced-hepatocyte EMT and liver fibrosis.
Atemwegsmanagement bei Verletzungen der Halswirbelsäule
Authors: Obermaier Manuel , Schneider Niko , Popp Erik , Weilbacher Frank 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Atemwegsmanagement bei Trauma der Halswirbelsäule ist eine Herausforderung: Der vital bedrohte Patient soll eine suffiziente Immobilisation erhalten, wodurch aber die Atemwegssicherung erschwert wird. Der Beitrag thematisiert den Stellenwert von Immobilisierung und Atemwegssicherung in dieser zeitkritischen Situation, Vorteile und Fallstricke verschiedener Atemwegshilfsmittel sowie die pathoanatomischen und pathophysiologischen Hintergründe.
Vergleich von 2 Klassifikationssystemen zur Beurteilung der Katheter-Austritts-Stelle von zentralvenösen Hämodialysekathetern
Authors: Erkel Martina , Farahmand Parvis 
Published: April 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGPatienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz benötigen zur Nierenersatztherapie einen dauerhaften Gefäßzugang. Zentralvenöse Hämodialysekatheter sind hier eine häufig verwendete Möglichkeit des Gefäßzugangs. Die Beurteilung der Katheter-Austritts-Stellen (KAST) durch das Pflegefachpersonal ist essenziell zur Erkennung von Infektionen und Prävention von Komplikationen. Allerdings bestehen in der Praxis häufig unterschiedliche Auffassungen hinsichtlich der KAST-Beurteilung. Diese Arbeit erstellt einen Vergleich von 2 KAST-Klassifikationssystemen von Dialysekathetern mit Fokus auf die Differenzierung zwischen infektiösen und nichtinfektiösen KAST. Die Untersuchung erfolgte in einem Dialysezentrum mit 90 Hämodialysepatienten mit 25 % Vorhofkathetern als Dialysezugang. Mittels Fragebogen wurden pflegerische Mitarbeiter des Dialysezentrums gebeten, verschiedene KAST sowohl nach der Bewertungsskala in Anlehnung an die Klassifikation nach Twardowski als auch nach dem Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer zu klassifizieren mit anschließender Mitarbeiterbefragung. Die Mitarbeiter klassifizierten infektiöse KAST mit dem Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer zu 87 % und mit der Bewertungsskala nach Twardowski zu 81 % korrekt, nichtinfektiöse KAST mit dem Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer zu 91 % und mit der Bewertungsskala in Anlehnung an die Klassifikation nach Twardowski zu 85 % korrekt. Im direkten Vergleich der beiden Systeme belegen die hohen korrekten Einschätzungen bei beiden Systemen ihren klinischen Nutzen. In der deskriptiven Auswertung zeigen sich geringe Vorteile bei der Verwendung des Exit-Site-Score nach Schaefer sowohl für die Beurteilung infektiöser als auch nichtinfektiöser KAST.
It takes a family to lighten the load! The impact of family-to-business support on the stress and creativity of women micro-entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewardena Nilupama , Samaratunge Ramanie , Kumara Ajantha Sisira , Newman Alex , Abeysekera Lakmal 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether family-to-business support acts as a job resource that attenuates the negative effects of work demands on the stress and creativity of women micro-entrepreneurs in the informal sector in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachData from 359 women micro-entrepreneurs and their respective case officers in local government were used to test the hypothesized relationship between work demands and their creativity through the mediating mechanism of stress and the moderating effect of family-to-business support on the said relationship.FindingsWork demands reduced creativity through heightening the levels of stress faced by women micro-entrepreneurs. However, family-to-business support reduced the negative influence of work demands on creativity through stress.Practical implicationsWomen micro-entrepreneurs should build strong family ties to obtain support from family members. In addition, government training programs that target women micro-entrepreneurs should be extended to include their immediate family members.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by examining whether family-to-business support buffers the negative effects of work demands for women micro-entrepreneurs in the informal sector. In doing so it makes a theoretical contribution by testing the key tenets of the JD-R model in entrepreneurial settings.
Digital trade facilitation and bilateral trade in selected Asian countries
Authors: Ismail Normaz Wana 
Published: April 2020

PurposeDigital technology is gaining attention among many scholars as a way to facilitate trade. This study aims to investigate three important digital dimensions (DD), namely, digital infrastructure, digital usage and digital security on trade using selected Asian countries and 20 selected trade partners. Digital infrastructure focussed on the availability and accessibility of digital infrastructure in exporting and importing countries. The second dimension, digital usage, highlights the importance of household usage of mobile phones, broadband data and the internet. Finally, the third dimension focusses on digital security as many online transactions occur across the globe.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the gravity model to investigate the impact of DD as tools to facilitate trade in selected Asian countries with selected trading partners between 2003 and 2017. The Hausman test is used to determine whether to use the random effect model or fixed effect model. However, for robustness, the Hausman and Taylor estimation is used to allow the time-invariant model to be included and at the same time to remove correlations between the error terms.FindingsThe result of this study confirmed that having digital infrastructure is not sufficient for trade facilitation, but it must be supported with an intensity of use by businesses and consumers and be accompanied by strong internet security for trade. The study also revealed that a narrowing digital divide in terms internet users and security will be a benefit to both trade partners in a transaction through better and efficient trade facilitation.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature in three ways. First, the classification of DD is used to identify which dimensions need to be addressed for policymakers. Most studies focussed on the first two dimensions without including security dimensions. Second, the authors estimate digital trade facilitation variables for both exporters and importers to ensure unbiased results between two trade partners. Finally, this study introduces new variables in the analysis of the digital user gap and the digital security gap as indicators for the digital divide.
Winter in water: differential responses and the maintenance of biodiversity
Authors: McMeans Bailey C. , McCann Kevin S. , Guzzo Matthew M. , Bartley Timothy J. , Bieg Carling , Blanchfield Paul J. , Fernandes Timothy , Giacomini Henrique C. , Middel Trevor , Rennie Michael D. , Ridgway Mark S. , Shuter Brian J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ecological consequences of winter in freshwater systems are an understudied but rapidly emerging research area. Here, we argue that winter periods of reduced temperature and light (and potentially oxygen and resources) could play an underappreciated role in mediating the coexistence of species. This may be especially true for temperate and subarctic lakes, where seasonal changes in the thermal environment might fundamentally structure species interactions. With climate change already shortening ice‐covered periods on temperate and polar lakes, consideration of how winter conditions shape biotic interactions is urgently needed. Using freshwater fishes in northern temperate lakes as a case study, we demonstrate how physiological trait differences (e.g. thermal preference, light sensitivity) drive differential behavioural responses to winter among competing species. Specifically, some species have a higher capacity for winter activity than others. Existing and new theory is presented to argue that such differential responses to winter can promote species coexistence. Importantly, if winter is a driver of niche differences that weaken competition between, relative to within species, then shrinking winter periods could threaten coexistence by tipping the scales in favour of certain sets of species over others.
Respiratory pathogens and acute chest syndrome in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ploton Marie-Caroline , Sommet Julie , Koehl Bérengère , Gaschignard Jean , Holvoet Laurent , Mariani-Kurkdjian Patricia , Benkerrou Malika , Le Roux Enora , Bonacorsi Stephane , Faye Albert 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAcute chest syndromes (ACS) may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections, but the epidemiology of viral and intracellular respiratory pathogens in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is not precisely known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of viral and intracellular respiratory pathogens in children with SCD presenting with fever and/or ACS.Materials and methodsAn observational, prospective, single-centre cohort study with nested case–control analysis was conducted on children with SCD admitted from October 2016 to October 2017 for fever and/or ACS to the paediatric department of Robert Debré university hospital, Paris, France. They were screened for 20 respiratory pathogens by a multiplex PCR in the nasopharynx (FilmArray).ResultsWe included 101 children. M/F sex ratio of 0.45. The median age was 3.2 years (IQR: 1.4–8.2). At least one pathogen was isolated in 67 patients (67%). The most frequent viruses were as follows: rhinovirus (n=33), adenovirus (n=14), respiratory syncytial virus (n=13) and parainfluenza viruses (n=11). Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in one case. Twenty-three (23%) presented with or developed ACS. A nested case–control analysis was performed, after pairing ACS with non-ACS children for age and inclusion period. There was no statistical association between any viral detection or multiple viral infection, and ACS (p=0.51) even though parainfluenza viruses were twice as common in ACS.ConclusionsViral detection in febrile children with SCD is frequent, but its association with ACS was not demonstrated. In this study, M. pneumoniae was rare in young children with SCD experiencing ACS.
Rushed Innovation: Evidence from Drug Licensing
Authors: Hermosilla Manuel 
Published: April 2020

We study the drug licensing behavior (acquisition of rights for developing drugs) of large pharmaceutical firms in the aftermath of large negative shocks to their pipelines, phase 3 failures (P3Fs). We find that P3Fs lead to increased licensing within a year of the event. This result is significant, because one year is a short window given the usual timelines—licensing is a lengthy process that requires extensive planning and careful execution. Supported by a series of additional results, we interpret this finding as a reflection of rushed firm behavior. Correspondingly, our main finding is that drugs licensed in these circumstances (within a year of a P3F event) underperform in subsequent development: they are significantly less likely to reach the market compared with others licensed in normal conditions. Further analysis suggests that this underperformance may stem from the influence of rush on activities taking place in the “last mile” of the licensing process and could hinge on the quality of the agreements that firms converge to during contract negotiations.This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.