bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sagt das Emotionswissen von jungen Kindern ihre phonologische Bewusstheit im Entwicklungsverlauf voraus?
Authors: Salisch Maria von , Voltmer Katharina 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung. Umfangreiche Forschungen bestätigen, dass eine hohe phonologische Bewusstheit jungen Kindern den Schriftspracherwerb in der Grundschule erleichtert. Unklar ist jedoch, ob ihr Emotionswissen über die bekannten Prädiktoren Alter, sozial-ökonomischer Status (SÖS), Migrationshintergrund, kognitive Fähigkeiten, Wortschatz und Selbstregulation hinaus Einfluss auf ihre spätere phonologische Bewusstheit nimmt. In einer Längsschnittuntersuchung wurde das Emotionswissen, der nonverbale IQ, das Satzverständnis und die behaviorale Selbstregulation von N = 280 Kindern ( MAlterT1= 49.8 Monate) zu T1 erhoben. Etwa ein Jahr später wurde die phonologische Bewusstheit erfasst. Eine hierarchische Regression zeigte, dass das Emotionswissen über die Einwanderung und den SÖS der Familie und über Alter, IQ, Satzverständnis und Selbstregulation des Kindes hinaus Varianz der späteren phonologischen Bewusstheit aufklärte. Dieses Ergebnis wird in Hinblick auf die soziale Natur des frühen Lernens diskutiert.
Classifying Magnetosheath Jets Using MMS: Statistical Properties
Authors: Raptis Savvas , Karlsson Tomas , Plaschke Ferdinand , Kullen Anita , Lindqvist Per‐Arne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data, we find, classify, and analyze transient dynamic pressure enhancements in the magnetosheath (jets) from May 2015 to May 2019. A classification algorithm is presented, using in situ MMS data to classify jets (
) into different categories according to their associated angle between interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the bow shock normal vector (θBn). Jets appearing for θBn < 45 are referred to as quasi‐parallel, while jets appearing for θBn > 45 as quasi‐perpendicular jets. Furthermore, we define those jets that occur at the boundaries between quasi‐parallel and quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath as boundary jets. Finally, encapsulated jets are jet‐like structures with similar characteristics to quasi‐parallel jets while the surrounding plasma is of quasi‐perpendicular nature. We present the first statistical results of such a classification and provide comparative statistics for each class. Furthermore, we investigate correlations between jet quantities. Quasi‐parallel jets have the highest dynamic pressure while occurring more often than quasi‐perpendicular jets. The infrequent quasi‐perpendicular jets have a much smaller duration, velocity, and density and are therefore relatively weaker. We conclude that quasi‐parallel and boundary jets have similar properties and are unlikely to originate from different generation mechanisms. Regarding the encapsulated jets, we suggest that they are a special subset of quasi‐parallel jets originating from the flanks of the bow shock, for large IMF cone angles although a relation to flux transfer events (FTEs) and magnetospheric plasma is also possible. Our results support existing generation theories, such as the bow shock ripple and SLAMS‐associated mechanisms while indicating that other factors may contribute as well.
Seasonal and Interannual Variations of CO2 Fluxes Over 10 Years in an Alpine Wetland on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhu Jingbin , Zhang Fawei , Li Hongqin , He Huidan , Li Yingnian , Yang Yongsheng , Zhang Guangru , Wang Chunyu , Luo Fanglin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlpine wetlands play a sensitive function in global carbon cycle during the ongoing climate warming, yet the temporal patterns of carbon dynamics from in situ ground‐based long‐term observations remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the continuous net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measured with the eddy covariance technique over an alpine peatland on the northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau from 2007 to 2016. The wetland acted as a net CO2 source with a positive NEE (120.4 ± 34.8 gC m−2 year−1, Mean ± SD), with the mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP) of 500.3 ± 59.4 gC m−2 year−1 and annual ecosystem respiration (RES) of 620.7 ± 74.2 gC m−2 year−1. At the seasonal scale, the classification and regression trees (CART) analysis showed that aggregated growing season degree days (GDDs) were the predominant determinant on variations in monthly NEE and monthly GPP. Variations in monthly RES were determined by soil temperature (Ts). Furthermore, nongrowing season Ts had a significant positive correlation with the following year annual GPP (p < 0.05). Nongrowing season RES only accounted for about 25% of annual RES but had significant correlation with annual RES and annual NEE (p < 0.05). The further partial correlation analysis showed that nongrowing season air temperature (Ta, p = 0.05), rather than precipitation (PPT, p = 0.25) was a predominant determinant on variations in annual NEE. Our results highlighted the importance in carbon dynamics of climate fluctuations and CO2 emission from the nongrowing season in alpine wetlands. We speculated that the vast peadlands would positively feedback to climate change on the Tibetan plateau where the nongrowing season warming was significant.
Full Implementation of Matrix Approach to Biogeochemistry Module of CLM5
Authors: Lu Xingjie , Du Zhenggang , Huang Yuanyuan , Lawrence David , Kluzek Erik , Collier Nathan , Lombardozzi Danica , Sobhani Negin , Schuur Edward A. G. , Luo Yiqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarth system models (ESMs) have been rapidly developed in recent decades to advance our understanding of climate change‐carbon cycle feedback. However, those models are massive in coding, require expensive computational resources, and have difficulty in diagnosing their performance. It is highly desirable to develop ESMs with modularity and effective diagnostics. Toward these goals, we implemented a matrix approach to the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) to represent carbon and nitrogen cycles. Specifically, we reorganized 18 balance equations each for carbon and nitrogen cycles among the 18 vegetation pools in the original CLM5 into two matrix equations. Similarly, 140 balance equations each for carbon and nitrogen cycles among the 140 soil pools were reorganized into two additional matrix equations. The vegetation carbon and nitrogen matrix equations are connected to soil matrix equations via litterfall. The matrix equations fully reproduce simulations of carbon and nitrogen dynamics by the original model. The computational cost for forwarding simulation of the CLM5 matrix model was 26% more expensive than the original model, largely due to calculation of additional diagnostic variables, but the spin‐up computational cost was significantly saved. We showed a case study on modeled soil carbon storage under two forcing data sets to illustrate the diagnostic capability that the matrix approach uniquely offers to understand simulation results of global carbon and nitrogen dynamics. The successful implementation of the matrix approach to CLM5, one of the most complex land models, demonstrates that most, if not all, the biogeochemical models can be reorganized into the matrix form to gain high modularity, effective diagnostics, and accelerated spin‐up.
Long-run bacteria-phage coexistence dynamics under natural habitat conditions in an environmental biotechnology system
Authors: Guerrero Leandro D , Pérez María V , Orellana Esteban , Piuri Mariana , Quiroga Cecilia , Erijman Leonardo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Bacterial viruses are widespread and abundant across natural and engineered habitats. They influence ecosystem functioning through interactions with their hosts. Laboratory studies of phage–host pairs have advanced our understanding of phenotypic and genetic diversification in bacteria and phages. However, the dynamics of phage–host interactions have been seldom recorded in complex natural environments. We conducted an observational metagenomic study of the dynamics of interaction between Gordonia and their phages using a three-year data series of samples collected from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. The aim was to obtain a comprehensive picture of the coevolution dynamics in naturally evolving populations at relatively high time resolution. Coevolution was followed by monitoring changes over time in the CRISPR loci of Gordonia metagenome-assembled genome, and reciprocal changes in the viral genome. Genome-wide analysis indicated low strain variability of Gordonia, and almost clonal conservation of the trailer end of the CRISPR loci. Incorporation of newer spacers gave rise to multiple coexisting bacterial populations. The host population carrying a shorter CRISPR locus that contain only ancestral spacers, which has not acquired newer spacers against the coexisting phages, accounted for more than half of the total host abundance in the majority of samples. Phages genome co-evolved by introducing directional changes, with no preference for mutations within the protospacer and PAM regions. Metagenomic reconstruction of time-resolved variants of host and viral genomes revealed how the complexity at the population level has important consequences for bacteria-phage coexistence.
Associations between disordered gut microbiota and changes of neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids in depressed mice
Authors: Wu Min , Tian Tian , Mao Qiang , Zou Tao , Zhou Chan-juan , Xie Jing , Chen Jian-jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMounting evidence suggests that gut microbiota can play an important role in pathophysiology of depression, but its specific molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study was conducted to explore the associations between changes in neurotransmitters and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and altered gut microbiota in depressed mice. Here, the chronic restraint stress (CRS) model of depression was built. The classical behavioral tests were conducted to assess the depressive-like behaviors of mice. The 16S rRNA gene sequence extracted from fecal samples was used to assess the gut microbial composition. Liquid and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy were used to identify neurotransmitters in hypothalamus and SCFAs in fecal samples, respectively. Finally, 29 differential bacteria taxa between depressed mice and control mice were identified, and the most differentially abundant bacteria taxa were genus Allobaculum and family Ruminococcaceae between the two groups. The acetic acid, propionic acid, pentanoic acid, norepinephrine, 5-HIAA and 5-HT were significantly decreased in depressed mice compared to control mice. Genus Allobaculum was found to be significantly positively correlated with acetic acid and 5-HT. Taken together, these results provided novel microbial and metabolic frameworks for understanding the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis in depression, and suggested new insights to pave the way for novel therapeutic methods.
LINC01106 drives colorectal cancer growth and stemness through a positive feedback loop to regulate the Gli family factors
Authors: Guo Kun , Gong Wenbin , Wang Qin , Gu Guosheng , Zheng Tao , Li Ying , Li Weijie , Fang Miao , Xie Haohao , Yue Chao , Yang Jianbo , Zhu Zhiqiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential contributors to the progression of various human cancers. Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1106 is a member of lncRNAs family. Until now, the specific role of LINC01106 in CRC remains undefined. The aim the current study was to unveil the functions of LINC01106 and explore its potential molecular mechanism in CRC. Based on the data of online database GEPIA, we determined that LINC01106 was expressed at a high level in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) tissues compared to normal colon tissues. More importantly, high level of LINC01106 had negative correlation with the overall survival of COAD patients. Additionally, we also determined the low level of LINC01106 in normal colon tissues based on UCSC database. Through qRT-PCR, we identified that LINC01106 was highly expressed in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal ones. Similarly, we detected the expression of LINC01106 and confirmed that LINC01106 was expressed higher in CRC cells than that in normal cells. Subsequently, LINC01106 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. LINC01106 induced the proliferation, migration, and stem-like phenotype of CRC cells. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic LINC01106 positively modulated Gli4 in CRC cells by serving as a miR-449b-5p sponge. Furthermore, nuclear LINC01106 could activate the transcription of Gli1 and Gli2 through recruiting FUS to Gli1 and Gli2 promoters. Mechanism of investigation unveiled that Gli2 was a transcription activator of LINC01106. In conclusion, Gli2-induced upregulation of LINC01106 aggravates CRC progression through upregulating Gli2, Gli2, and Gli4.
Practical classification of triple-negative breast cancer: intratumoral heterogeneity, mechanisms of drug resistance, and novel therapies
Authors: Marra Antonio , Trapani Dario , Viale Giulia , Criscitiello Carmen , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not a unique disease, encompassing multiple entities with marked histopathological, transcriptomic and genomic heterogeneity. Despite several efforts, transcriptomic and genomic classifications have remained merely theoretic and most of the patients are being treated with chemotherapy. Driver alterations in potentially targetable genes, including PIK3CA and AKT, have been identified across TNBC subtypes, prompting the implementation of biomarker-driven therapeutic approaches. However, biomarker-based treatments as well as immune checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy have provided contrasting and limited results so far. Accordingly, a better characterization of the genomic and immune contexture underpinning TNBC, as well as the translation of the lessons learnt in the metastatic disease to the early setting would improve patients’ outcomes. The application of multi-omics technologies, biocomputational algorithms, assays for minimal residual disease monitoring and novel clinical trial designs are strongly warranted to pave the way toward personalized anticancer treatment for patients with TNBC.
Virtual zero-photon catalysis for improving continuous-variable quantum key distribution via Gaussian post-selection
Authors: Zhong Hai , Guo Ying , Mao Yun , Ye Wei , Huang Duan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractQuantum catalysis is a feasible approach to increase the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), involving the special zero-photon catalysis (ZPC) operation. However, in the practical point of view, the improvement effect of this operation will be limited by the imperfection of the photon detector. In this paper, we show that the ZPC operation at the sender can be simulated by a post-selection method without implementing it in practical devices. While performing this virtual version of ZPC in CVQKD, we can not only reach the ideal case of its practical implementation with minimal hardware requirement, but also keep the benefit of Gaussian security proofs. Based on Gaussian modulated coherent state protocols with achievable parameters, we enhance the security of the proposed scheme from the asymptotical case to the finite-size scenario and composable framework. Simulation results show that similar to the asymptotical case, both the maximal transmission distance and the tolerable excess noise of virtual ZPC-involved CVQKD outperform the original scheme and the scheme using virtual photon subtraction while considering finite-size effect and composable security. In addition, the virtual ZPC-involved CVQKD can tolerate a higher imperfection of the detector, enabling its practical implementation of the CVQKD system with state-of-the-art technology.
Identification of plastic-associated species in the Mediterranean Sea using DNA metabarcoding with Nanopore MinION
Authors: Davidov Keren , Iankelevich-Kounio Evgenia , Yakovenko Iryna , Koucherov Yuri , Rubin-Blum Maxim , Oren Matan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPlastic debris in the ocean form a new ecosystem, termed ‘plastisphere’, which hosts a variety of marine organisms. Recent studies implemented DNA metabarcoding to characterize the taxonomic composition of the plastisphere in different areas of the world. In this study, we used a modified metabarcoding approach which was based on longer barcode sequences for the characterization of the plastisphere biota. We compared the microbiome of polyethylene food bags after 1 month at sea to the free-living biome in two proximal but environmentally different locations on the Mediterranean coast of Israel. We targeted the full 1.5 kb-long 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and 0.4–0.8 kb-long regions within the 18S rRNA, ITS, tufA and COI loci for eukaryotes. The taxonomic barcodes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technology with multiplexing on a single MinION flow cell. We identified between 1249 and 2141 species in each of the plastic samples, of which 61 species (34 bacteria and 27 eukaryotes) were categorized as plastic-specific, including species that belong to known hydrocarbon-degrading genera. In addition to a large prokaryotes repertoire, our results, supported by scanning electron microscopy, depict a surprisingly high biodiversity of eukaryotes within the plastisphere with a dominant presence of diatoms as well as other protists, algae and fungi.
Quantifying the adhesive strength between the SARS-CoV-2 S-proteins and human receptor and its effect in therapeutics
Authors: Ponga Mauricio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe binding affinity and adhesive strength between the spike (S) glycoproteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is computed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The calculations indicate that the binding affinity is $$e_{RS}= 12.6 \pm 1$$

e

RS

=
12.6
±
1

$$\hbox {kCal}{\cdot }\hbox {mol}^{-1}$$

kCal
·

mol

-
1

with a maximum adhesive force of $$\sim 102$$

∼
102

pN. Our analysis suggests that only 27 (13 in S-protein, 14 in ACE2) residues are active during the initial fusion process between the S-protein and ACE2 receptor. With these insights, we investigated the effect of possible therapeutics in the size and wrapping time of virus particles by reducing the binding energy. Our analysis indicates that this energy has to be reduced significantly, around 50% or more, to block SARS-CoV-2 particles with radius in the order of $$R\le 60$$

R
≤
60

nm. Our study provides concise target residues and target binding energy reduction between S-proteins and receptors for the development of new therapeutics treatments for COVID-19 guided by computational design.
Changes in the role of Pacific decadal oscillation on sea ice extent variability across the mid-1990s
Authors: Kim Hyerim , Yeh Sang-Wook , An Soon-Il , Song Se-Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCharacteristics of sea ice extent (SIE) have been rapidly changing in the Pacific Arctic sector (PAS) in recent years. The SIE variability in PAS during the late spring and early summer (i.e., April–May–June, AMJ) plays a key role in determining the SIE during the following fall when SIE is at a minimum. We find that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), which is the most dominant variability of sea surface temperature (SST) on the low-frequency timescales, differently influences the SIE in PAS during AMJ before and after the mid-1990s. While a positive phase of PDO during the previous winter acts to increases SIE during AMJ before the mid-1990s, it acts to decrease SIE during AMJ after the mid-1990s. Further analysis indicates that atmospheric circulation associated with PDO differently influences the variability of SIE in the PAS during AMJ by modulating poleward moisture transport across the Alaska or the Far East Asia peninsula. This results in the change in the relationship of PDO and SIE in the PAS before and after the mid-1990s.
Prognostic value of baseline clinical and HRCT findings in 101 patients with severe COVID-19 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Cao Yukun , Han Xiaoyu , Gu Jin , Li Yumin , Liu Jia , Alwalid Osamah , Cui Yue , Zhang Xin , Zheng Chuansheng , Fan Yanqing , Wu Hanping , Shi Heshui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of baseline clinical and high resolution CT (HRCT) findings in patients with severe COVID-19. In this retrospective, two-center study, we included two groups of inpatients with severe COVID-19 who had been discharged or died in Jin Yin-tan hospital and Wuhan union hospital between January 5, 2020, and February 22, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, and HRCT imaging were collected and compared between discharged and deceased patients. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of mortality risk in these patients. 101 patients were included in this study, of whom 66 were discharged and 35 died in the hospital. The mean age was 56.6 ± 15.1 years and 67 (66.3%) were men. Of the 101 patients, hypertension (38, 37.6%), cardiovascular disease (21,20.8%), diabetes (18,17.8%), and chronic pulmonary disease (16,15.8%) were the most common coexisting conditions. The multivariable regression analysis showed older age (OR: 1.142, 95% CI 1.059–1.231, p < 0.001), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR: 10.142, 95% CI 1.611–63.853, p = 0.014), reduced lymphocyte count (OR: 0.004, 95% CI 0.001–0.306, p = 0.013), and elevated HRCT score (OR: 1.276, 95% CI 1.002–1.625, p = 0.049) to be independent predictors of mortality risk on admission in severe COVID-19 patients. These findings may have important clinical implications for decision-making based on risk stratification of severe COVID-19 patients.
Resistance exercise training for anxiety and worry symptoms among young adults: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gordon Brett R. , McDowell Cillian P. , Lyons Mark , Herring Matthew P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis trial quantified the effects of ecologically-valid resistance exercise training (RET) on anxiety and worry symptoms among young adults. Young adults not meeting criteria for subclinical, or analogue Generalized Anxiety Disorder (AGAD) were randomized to an eight-week RET intervention, or eight-week wait-list. AGAD status was determined using validated cut-scores for both the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire-Generalized Anxiety Disorder subscale (≥ 6) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (≥ 45). The primary outcome was anxiety symptoms measured with the Trait Anxiety subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The RET was designed according to World Health Organization and American College of Sports Medicine guidelines. RM-ANCOVA examined differences between RET and wait-list over time. Significant interactions were decomposed with simple effects analysis. Hedges’ d effect sizes quantified magnitude of differences in change between RET and wait-list. Twenty-eight participants (64% female) fully engaged in the trial (mean age: 26.0 ± 6.2y, RET: n = 14; Wait-list: n = 14). A significant group X time interaction was found for anxiety symptoms (F(3,66) = 3.60, p ≤ 0.019; d = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.06 to 1.63). RET significantly reduced anxiety symptoms from baseline to post-intervention (mean difference =  − 7.89, p ≤ 0.001). No significant interaction was found for worry (F(3,69) = 0.79, p ≥ 0.50; d =  − 0.22, 95%CI: − 0.96 to 0.53). Ecologically-valid RET significantly improves anxiety symptoms among young adults.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04116944, 07/10/2019.