bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical Resection of Recurrent Cavernous Sinus Hemangioma by Superior and Lateral Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Zeeshan Qazi , Hernandez Juan P Carrasco , Moore Michael K , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This video shows the technical nuances of microsurgical resection of recurrent cavernous sinus (CS) hemangioma by superior and lateral approach.
A 77-yr-old woman presented with headache and difficulty in vision in right eye for 6 mo. She had previously undergone attempted resection of a right CS tumor in another hospital with partial removal, and the tumor had grown significantly. Neurological examination revealed proptosis, cranial nerve 3 palsy, and loss of vision in right eye (20/200). Left side visual acuity was 20/20.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a large CS mass with homogeneous enhancement, measuring 3.3 × 3.3 × 2.6 cm, extending into the suprasellar cistern with mass effect on the right optic nerve. It extended anteriorly to the region of the right orbital apex and abuted the basilar artery posteriorly.
She underwent right frontotemporal craniotomy, posterolateral orbitotomy and anterior clinoidectomy as well as optic nerve decompression, and the CS tumor was removed by superior and lateral approach. An incision was made into the superior wall of the CS medial to the third nerve. On lateral aspect the tumor had extended outside the CS through the Parkinson's triangle. Posteriorly it extended through the clival dura. Anteriorly tumor encased the carotid artery and it was gradually dissected away. At the end of the operation, all of the cranial nerves were intact.
Postoperative MRI showed near complete tumor resection with preservation of the internal carotid artery. At 6 mo follow-up her modified Rankin Scale was 1 and vision in left eye was normal.
Informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the surgery that included videotaping of the procedure and its distribution for educational purposes. All relevant patient identifiers have also been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
DWARF WITH SLENDER LEAF1 encoding a histone deacetylase plays diverse roles in rice development
Authors: Kubo Fumika Clara , Yasui Yukiko , Ohmori Yoshihiro , Kumamaru Toshihiro , Tanaka Wakana , Hirano Hiro-Yuki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In plants, reversible histone acetylation and deacetylation play a crucial role in various biological activities, including development and the response to environmental stress. Histone deacetylation, which is generally associated with gene silencing, is catalyzed by multiple histone deacetylases (HDACs). Our understanding of HDAC function in plant development has accumulated from molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana. By contrast, how HDACs contribute to the development of rice (Oryza sativa) is poorly understood and no rice mutants of HDAC have been reported. Here we have characterized a new rice mutant showing semi-dwarfism, which we named dwarf with slender leaf1 (dsl1). The mutant showed pleiotropic defects in both vegetative and reproductive development; for example, dsl1 produced short and narrow leaves, accompanied with a reduction in the number and size of vascular bundles. The semi-dwarf phenotype was due to suppression of the elongation of some culm (stem) internodes. Interestingly, despite this suppression of the upper internodes, the elongation and generation of lower internodes were slightly enhanced. Inflorescence and spikelet development were also affected by the dsl1 mutation. Some of the observed morphological defects were related to a reduction in cell numbers, in addition to reduced cell division in leaf primordia revealed by in situ hybridization analysis, suggesting the possibility that DSL1 is involved in cell division control. Gene cloning revealed that DSL1 encodes an HDAC belonging to the Reduced potassium dependence3/Histone Deacetylase1 (RPD3/HDA1) family. Collectively, our study shows that the HDAC DSL1 plays diverse and important roles in development in rice.
All-cause and cause-specific mortality in ANCA-associated vasculitis: overall and according to ANCA type
Authors: Wallace Zachary S , Fu Xiaoqing , Harkness Tyler , Stone John H , Zhang Yuqing  , Choi Hyon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate causes of death in a contemporary inception cohort of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients, stratifying the analysis according to ANCA type.

Methods
We identified a consecutive inception cohort of patients newly diagnosed with ANCA-associated vasculitis from 2002 to 2017 in the Partners HealthCare System and determined vital status through the National Death Index. We determined cumulative mortality incidence and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) compared with the general population. We compared MPO- and PR3-ANCA+ cases using Cox regression models.

Results
The cohort included 484 patients with a mean diagnosis age of 58 years; 40% were male, 65% were MPO-ANCA+, and 65% had renal involvement. During 3385 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 130 patients died, yielding a mortality rate of 38.4/1000 PY and a SMR of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.9, 2.8). The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease (CVD; cumulative incidence 7.1%), malignancy (5.9%) and infection (4.1%). The SMR for infection was greatest for both MPO- and PR3-ANCA+ patients (16.4 and 6.5). MPO-ANCA+ patients had an elevated SMR for CVD (3.0), respiratory disease (2.4) and renal disease (4.5). PR3- and MPO-ANCA+ patients had an elevated SMR for malignancy (3.7 and 2.7). Compared with PR3-ANCA+ patients, MPO-ANCA+ patients had a higher risk of CVD death [hazard ratio 5.0 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2]; P = 0.03].

Conclusion
Premature ANCA-associated vasculitis mortality is explained by CVD, infection, malignancy, and renal death. CVD is the most common cause of death, but the largest excess mortality risk in PR3- and MPO-ANCA+ patients is associated with infection. MPO-ANCA+ patients are at higher risk of CVD death than PR3-ANCA+ patients.
Auditory brainstem responses in weaning pigs and three ages of sows1
Authors: Anderson Nichole Chapel , Thomovsky Stephanie A , Lucas Jeffrey R , Kushiro-Banker Tokiko , Radcliffe John Scott , Stewart Kara R , Lay Donald C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Piglet crushing is a devastating welfare concern on swine farms; however, some sows appear unresponsive to a piglet’s call. Sow hearing ability is rarely considered despite the extensive body of research performed on crushing. In this study, pigs of four age groups (weaning, n = 7; gilts, n = 5; 2nd and 3rd parity, n = 5; 5th parity and up, n = 5) were anesthetized and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were performed to measure if pig hearing diminishes with age in a mechanically ventilated barn. Before testing, pigs were placed in a sound dampening box. ABRs were performed on animals using 1,000 clicks at two decibel (dB) levels: 90 and 127 dB sound pressure level. Latencies and amplitudes of waves I–V were measured and interpeak latencies for waves I–III, III–V, and I–V were calculated. Five pigs (three 2nd and 3rd parity, and two 5th parity and above) had no detectable waves at either decibel. Sows in 2nd and 3rd parities had very few distinguishable waves, with only wave I and II present in two sows. Amplitudes of waves I and V increased with increased dB (P &lt; 0.001). Increasing dB decreased the latency of each of the recorded waves (P &lt; 0.01). The vast majority of commercial swine are raised in noisy barn environments; it is possible that these environments directly affect the ability for pigs to hear and normal hearing development in this population of animals. Hearing has a significant effect on swine welfare as hearing is integral to successful animal handing and during moments of animal-to-animal communication. Hearing is a considerable welfare issue on farms and ways to decrease pig hearing loss should be considered.
Is there a trial bias impacting user engagement with unguided e-mental health interventions? A systematic comparison of published reports and real-world usage of the same programs
Authors: Baumel Amit , Edan Stav , Kane John M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Trial settings that include proactive recruitment, human contact, and assessment procedures may substantially impact the way users engage with unguided e-mental health programs and the generalizability of reported findings. This study examined the impact of trial setting on user behavior by directly comparing reported user engagement in trial-based research and objective measures of real-world usage of the same unguided mental health programs. The authors conducted a systematic search for papers reporting user engagement with off-the-shelf unguided e-mental health programs. Real-world usage was obtained from a panel that presents aggregated nonpersonal information on user engagement with digital programs across the world. A total of 13 papers yielding 14 comparable usage metrics met all inclusion criteria. In three papers reporting the use of programs by lay users without any proactive trial procedures, the ratios calculated by dividing the usage reported in the paper by the usage documented within the objective dataset were 0.84, 1.05, and 1.27—suggesting a sufficient criterion validity for our examination. In studies that proactively recruited users and included pre- to post-assessment procedures (11 comparisons), the median program usage rate reported was 4.06 times higher (IQR = 4.49) than the real-world usage of the same program. Severity of clinical symptoms, in-person versus remote assessment procedures, study design, and program cost had no impact on these differences. The results suggest that trial settings have a large impact on user engagement with unguided interventions and, therefore, on the generalizability of the findings to the real world.
Nonunions of Bisphosphonate Fractures of the Femur: Presentation, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Operative Treatment
Authors: Leighton Ross K. , de Dios Robinson Juan , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: November 2019

Summary:
Patients presenting with femoral fractures and long-term use of bisphosphonate treatment are at risk of developing a delayed union and/or nonunion as a result of the atypical metabolic activity prevailing at the fracture edges of the affected extremity. The treatment of these nonunions poses a serious challenge to orthopaedic surgeons worldwide and necessitates specialized techniques and materials to design a construct that will last a long period (greater than 6 months), while still allowing weight-bearing in this elderly population. Treatment options, timing of intervention, selection of implant, and the option of bone grafting are discussed to assist the clinician to make the right decisions in these complex clinical cases.
Osteoporotic Bone: When and How to Use Augmentation?
Authors: Schuetze Konrad , Eickhoff Alexander , Röderer Goetz , Gebhard Florian , Richter Peter H. 
Published: November 2019

Summary:The number of fragility fractures is rising, and treatment is a challenge for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. Various augmentation options have been developed to prevent mechanical failure. Different composites can be used based on the fracture type, patient needs, and biomechanical needs. Indications for augmentation are not limited to osteoporotic fractures but can also be performed as a salvage procedure or in pathologic fractures. Biomechanical studies have shown advantages for augmented implants in the spine, proximal femur, and humerus. Clinical studies are preliminary but promising, showing good clinical results after augmentation with reduced mechanical failure and minimal complications.
Vaccine hesitancy: Not a new phenomenon, but a new threat
Authors: Koslap-Petraco Mary 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Vaccines have been recognized as one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century. In 1998, a study on the connection between measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and autism was published by the now discredited Andrew Wakefield. That study was retracted in 2010, but the damage was already done. The purpose of this article is to review the history of vaccine hesitancy and discuss a successful paradigm for speaking with vaccine-hesitant parents. Discussion of immunizations related to public health law and religious exemptions will also be reviewed.
A Pilot Study of an Intervention to Prevent Suicide After Psychiatric Hospitalization
Authors: Riblet Natalie B. , Shiner Brian , Schnurr Paula , Bruce Martha L. , Wasserman Danuta , Cornelius Sarah , Scott Robert , Watts Bradley V. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A prior meta-analysis found that the World Health Organization Brief Intervention and Contact Program (WHO BIC) significantly reduces suicide risk. WHO BIC has not been studied in high-income countries. We piloted an adapted version of WHO BIC on an inpatient mental health unit in the United States. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability. We also evaluated changes in suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and connectedness using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Of 13 eligible patients, 9 patients enrolled. Patients experienced significant improvements in suicidal ideation, hopelessness, and connectedness at 1 and 3 months (Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation, F(2,16) = 14.96, p < 0.01; Beck Hopelessness Scale, F(2,16) = 5.88, p < 0.05; perceived burdensomeness subscale, F(2,16) = 10.97, p < 0.013; and thwarted belongingness subscale, F(2,16) = 4.77, p < 0.03). Patients were highly satisfied. An adapted version of WHO BIC may be feasible to implement in a high-resource setting, but trials need to confirm efficacy.
Oxygenator Impact on Ceftolozane and Tazobactam in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits
Authors: Cies Jeffrey J. , Moore Wayne S. , Giliam Nadji , Low Tracy , Enache Adela , Chopra Arun 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
To determine the oxygenator impact on alterations of ceftolozane/tazobactam in a contemporary neonatal/pediatric (1/4-inch) and adolescent/adult (3/8-inch) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit including the Quadrox-i oxygenator (Maquet, Wayne, NJ).

Design:
A 1/4-inch and 3/8-inch, simulated closed-loop extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits were prepared with a Quadrox-i pediatric and Quadrox-i adult oxygenator and blood primed. Additionally, 1/4-inch and 3/8-inch circuits were also prepared without an oxygenator in series. A one-time dose of ceftolozane/tazobactam was administered into the circuits and serial preoxygenator and postoxygenator concentrations were obtained at 5 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24-hour time points. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was also maintained in a glass vial and samples were taken from the vial at the same time periods for control purposes to assess for spontaneous drug degradation

Setting:
A free-standing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit.

Patients:
None.

Interventions:
Single-dose administration of ceftolozane/tazobactam into closed-loop extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits prepared with and without an oxygenator in series with serial preoxygenator, postoxygenator, and reference samples obtained for concentration determination over a 24-hour study period.

Measurements and Main Results:
For the 1/4-inch circuit, there was approximately 92% ceftolozane and 22–25% tazobactam loss with the oxygenator in series and 19–30% ceftolozane and 31–34% tazobactam loss without an oxygenator in series at 24 hours. For the 3/8-inch circuit, there was approximately 85% ceftolozane and 29% tazobactam loss with the oxygenator in series and 25–27% ceftolozane and 23–26% tazobactam loss without an oxygenator in series at 24 hours. The reference ceftolozane and tazobactam concentrations remained relatively constant during the entire study period demonstrating the drug loss in each size of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit with or without an oxygenator was not a result of spontaneous drug degradation.

Conclusions:
This ex vivo investigation demonstrated substantial ceftolozane loss within an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit with an oxygenator in series with both sizes of the Quadrox-i oxygenator at 24 hours and significant ceftolozane loss in the absence of an oxygenator. Tazobactam loss was similar regardless of the presence of an oxygenator. Further evaluations with multiple dose in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed before specific drug dosing recommendations can be made for clinical application with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Effect of Endotracheal Tube Size, Respiratory System Mechanics, and Ventilator Settings on Driving Pressure
Authors: Ilia Stavroula , van Schelven Patrick D. , Koopman Alette A. , Blokpoel Robert G. T. , de Jager Pauline , Burgerhof Johannes G. M. , Markhorst Dick G. , Kneyber Martin C. J. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
We sought to investigate factors that affect the difference between the peak inspiratory pressure measured at the Y-piece under dynamic flow conditions and plateau pressure measured under zero-flow conditions (resistive pressure) during pressure controlled ventilation across a range of endotracheal tube sizes, respiratory mechanics, and ventilator settings.

Design:
In vitro study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Patients:
None.

Interventions:
An in vitro bench model of the intubated respiratory system during pressure controlled ventilation was used to obtain the difference between peak inspiratory pressure measured at the Y-piece under dynamic flow conditions and plateau pressure measured under zero-flow conditions across a range of endotracheal tubes sizes (3.0–8.0 mm). Measurements were taken at combinations of pressure above positive end-expiratory pressure (10, 15, and 20 cm H2O), airway resistance (no, low, high), respiratory system compliance (ranging from normal to extremely severe), and inspiratory time at constant positive end-expiratory pressure (5 cm H2O). Multiple regression analysis was used to construct models predicting resistive pressure stratified by endotracheal tube size.

Measurements and Main Results:
On univariate regression analysis, respiratory system compliance (β –1.5; 95% CI, –1.7 to –1.4; p < 0.001), respiratory system resistance (β 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5–2.0; p < 0.001), pressure above positive end-expiratory pressure (β 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4–2.0; p < 0.001), and inspiratory time (β –0.7; 95% CI, –1.0 to –0.4; p < 0.001) were associated with resistive pressure. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the independent association between increasing respiratory system compliance, increasing airway resistance, increasing pressure above positive end-expiratory pressure, and decreasing inspiratory time and resistive pressure across all endotracheal tube sizes. Inspiratory time was the strongest variable associated with a proportional increase in resistive pressure. The contribution of airway resistance became more prominent with increasing endotracheal tube size.

Conclusions:
Peak inspiratory pressures measured during pressure controlled ventilation overestimated plateau pressure irrespective of endotracheal tube size, especially with decreased inspiratory time or increased airway resistance.
Findings From a Trial of the Smartphone and OnLine Usage-based eValuation for Depression (SOLVD) Application: What Do Apps Really Tell Us About Patients with Depression? Concordance Between App-Generated Data and Standard Psychiatric Questionnaires for Depression and Anxiety
Authors: MOUKADDAM NIDAL , TRUONG ANH , CAO JIAN , SHAH ASIM , SABHARWAL ASHUTOSH 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
Depression imposes a notable societal burden, with limited treatment success despite multiple available psychotherapy and medications choices. Potential reasons may include the heterogeneity of depression diagnoses and the presence of comorbid anxiety symptoms. Despite technological advances and the introduction of many mobile phone applications (apps) claiming to relieve depression, major gaps in knowledge still exist regarding what apps truly measure and how they correlate with psychometric questionnaires. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether mobile daily mood self-ratings may be useful in monitoring and classifying depression symptoms in a clinically depressed population compared with standard psychometric instruments including the Patient Health Questionaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A).

Method:
For this study, 22 patients with major depressive disorder with or without comorbid anxiety disorder were recruited. The diagnosis of depression was confirmed through the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Over an 8-week period, daily moods were self-reported through the Smartphone and OnLine Usage-based eValuation for Depression (SOLVD) application, a custom-designed application that was downloaded onto patients’ mobile devices. Depression and anxiety symptoms were also measured biweekly using the HAM-D, HAM-A, and PHQ-9.

Results:
Significant correlations were observed among self-evaluated mood, daily steps taken, SMS (text) frequency, average call duration, and biweekly psychometric scores (|r|>0.5, P<0.05). The correlation coefficients were higher in individuals with more severe depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:
Although this study, given its limited sample size, was exploratory in nature, it helps fill a significant gap in our knowledge of the concordance between ratings obtained on the Ham-D, Ham-A, and the PHQ-9 psychometric instruments and data obtained via a smartphone app. These questionnaires represent gold-standard, commonly used psychiatric research/clinical instruments, and, thus, this information can serve as a foundation for digital phenotyping for depression and pave the way for interventional studies using smartphone applications.
Altered monocyte phenotype and dysregulated innate cytokine responses among people living with HIV and opioid-use disorder
Authors: Underwood Michelle L. , Nguyen Thuan , Uebelhoer Luke S. , Kunkel Lynn E. , Korthuis Philip T. , Lancioni Christina L. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Opioid-use disorders (OUD) and hepatitis C or B co-infection (HEP) are common among people living with HIV (PLHIV). The impact of OUD on innate and adaptive immunity among PLHIV with and without HEP is unknown.

Objectives:
To investigate the impact of OUD on monocyte and T-cell phenotypes, cytokine responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and plasma inflammatory markers, among PLHIV with and without HEP.

Methods:
Cross-sectional study enrolling PLHIV receiving ART, with and without OUD. Flow cytometry determined monocyte and T-cell phenotypes; LPS and PHA-induced cytokine production was assessed following LPS and PHA stimulation by multiplex cytokine array; plasma IL-6, soluble CD163, and soluble CD14 were measured by ELISA.

Results:
Twenty-two PLHIV with OUD and 37 PLHIV without OUD were included. PLHIV with OUD exhibited higher frequencies of intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and nonclassical (CD14dimCD16+) monocytes when compared with PLHIV without OUD (P = 0.0025; P = 0.0001, respectively), regardless of HEP co-infection. Soluble CD163 and monocyte cell surface CD163 expression was increased among PLHIV with OUD and HEP, specifically. Regardless of HEP co-infection, PLHIV with OUD exhibited reduced production of IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha in response to LPS when compared with PLHIV without OUD; PHA-induced production of IL-10, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were also reduced among individuals with OUD.

Conclusion:
OUD among PLHIV are associated with altered monocyte phenotypes and a dysregulated innate cytokine response. Defining underlying mechanisms of opioid-associated innate immune dysregulation among PLHIV should be prioritized to identify optimal OUD treatment strategies.