bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tamoxifen use in recurrent ovarian cancer in a Chinese population: A 15 ‐year clinical experience in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Chan Karen Kar Loen , Ngu Siew Fei , Chu Mandy Man Yee , Tse Ka Yu , Ngan Hextan Yuen Sheung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo review the clinical use and the effectiveness of tamoxifen in patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer.MethodsA retrospective review of clinical records was conducted in patients who received tamoxifen for the treatment of ovarian cancer between 2002 and 2016. We reviewed the clinical setting that it was given, duration of use, patients' tolerability, clinical benefit and progression‐free survival. We also attempted to identify predictive markers for response.ResultsA total of 92 patients received tamoxifen during this 15‐year period. The patients received a median of 2.5 lines of chemotherapy before switching to tamoxifen, and they remained on tamoxifen for a median of 5.6 months (range 0–85 months), with 24 patients receiving it for more than 12 months. Seventy‐six patients continued on tamoxifen for more than 2 months. In this group, 75 patients had an evaluable response, either by CA 125 or clinically and clinical benefit rate (defined as complete, partial response and static disease) was seen in 42 patients (56%), with majority of patients having static disease. The median progression‐free survival was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval, 2.6–8.1). Tamoxifen was well tolerated. Hormone receptor status was not demonstrated to predict response.ConclusionPatients with advanced ovarian cancer who have failed previous lines of chemotherapy may achieve static disease with tamoxifen with minimal side effects. Tamoxifen may still have a role in the era of molecular target therapy.
Measurement, outcomes and interventions of cognitive function after breast cancer treatment: A narrative review
Authors: Jia Miaomiao , Zhang Xiaojun , Wei Liyuan , Gao Jinnan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCancer‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a common complaint in breast cancer patients, especially related to chemotherapy. It is characterized as cognitive disorders in areas of memory, attention and executive function, which can negatively affect patients' quality of life and their ability to work. While various assessment methods of CRCI cause highly diverse results in CRCI‐related studies. Currently, it is not clear how cerebral structure and function change in breast cancer patients and underlying mechanisms of developing CRCI are still undefined. Intervention research is limited. This article reviews the results of CRCI‐related studies and research progress and discusses the advantages and limits of various methods. Besides, the mechanisms and intervention strategies are reviewed.
Cardiovascular disease in childhood and adolescence: Lessons from children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Querfeld Uwe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChildren suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have the apparent highest risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at a young age. While symptoms of CVD are characteristically absent in childhood and adolescence, remodelling of the myocardium, medium and large‐sized arteries and of the microcirculation is clinically significant and can be assessed with non‐invasive technology. Kidney disease and its progression are the driver of CVD, mediated by an unparalleled accumulation of risk factors converging on several comorbid conditions including hypertension, anaemia, dyslipidaemia, disturbed mineral metabolism and chronic persistent inflammation. Large prospective paediatric cohorts studies have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis and the progression of CKD‐induced cardiovascular comorbidity and have characterised the cardiovascular phenotype in young patients. They have also provided the rationale for close monitoring of risk factors and have defined therapeutic targets. Recently discovered new biomarkers could help identify the individual risk for CVD. Prevention of CVD by aggressive therapy of modifiable risk factors is essential to enable long‐term survival of young patients with CKD.
Developing and testing a set of quality indicators for pharmacist home visit services: A mixed methods study in Japan
Authors: Fujita Kenji , Kushida Kazuki , Okada Hiroshi , Moles Rebekah J. , Chen Timothy F. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveQuality indicators (QIs) are an important mechanism by which health services can be evaluated. We aimed to develop a set of QIs for pharmacist home visit services and assess their measurement properties.MethodsA three‐step procedure was applied: (1) Selection of existing content‐validated QIs from the international literature and the development of QIs based on national guidelines and home healthcare professionals' opinions; (2) Expert panel consensus of a preliminary set of QIs using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method; (3) Field testing to evaluate their measurement properties (feasibility, applicability, improvement potential, discriminatory capacity, sensitivity to change, acceptability and implementation issues) followed by exploratory semistructured interviews in Japan.ResultsFifty‐two preliminary QIs were prepared and 45 were judged as “appropriate”by the expert panel. Sixty‐one community pharmacies were recruited to this study with 41 contributing QI data monthly over the 6‐month period. Field testing showed that 20 QIs met six measurement properties (ie, feasibility, applicability, improvement potential, discriminatory capacity, acceptability and implementation issues). Nine of these QIs also had high sensitivity to change. Additionally, interviews identified that the main positive impact on practice of using QIs was the early detection of causes of drug‐related problems but a negative impact was decrease of pharmacists' motivation. Auto extraction of QIs was seen as a major facilitator, given the time taken to manually extract QI data.ConclusionsA set of QIs for pharmacist home visit services was rigorously developed and tested. This QI set may be useful in evaluating the quality of such services.
Warfarin dosing algorithms: A systematic review
Authors: Asiimwe Innocent G. , Zhang Eunice J. , Osanlou Rostam , Jorgensen Andrea L. , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: October 2020

AimsNumerous algorithms have been developed to guide warfarin dosing and improve clinical outcomes. We reviewed the algorithms available for various populations and the covariates, performances and risk of bias of these algorithms.MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE up to 20 May 2020 and selected studies describing the development, external validation or clinical utility of a multivariable warfarin dosing algorithm. Two investigators conducted data extraction and quality assessment.ResultsOf 10 035 screened records, 266 articles were included in the review, describing the development of 433 dosing algorithms, 481 external validations and 52 clinical utility assessments. Most developed algorithms were for dose initiation (86%), developed by multiple linear regression (65%) and mostly applicable to Asians (49%) or Whites (43%). The most common demographic/clinical/environmental covariates were age (included in 401 algorithms), concomitant medications (270 algorithms) and weight (229 algorithms) while CYP2C9 (329 algorithms), VKORC1 (319 algorithms) and CYP4F2 (92 algorithms) variants were the most common genetic covariates. Only 26% and 7% algorithms were externally validated and evaluated for clinical utility, respectively, with <2% of algorithm developments and external validations being rated as having a low risk of bias.ConclusionMost warfarin dosing algorithms have been developed in Asians and Whites and may not be applicable to under‐served populations. Few algorithms have been externally validated, assessed for clinical utility, and/or have a low risk of bias which makes them unreliable for clinical use. Algorithm development and assessment should follow current methodological recommendations to improve reliability and applicability, and under‐represented populations should be prioritized.
The value of communities and their consent: A communitarian justification of community consent in medical research
Authors: Al Pepijn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommunity engagement is increasingly defended as an ethical requirement for biomedical research. Some forms of community engagement involve asking the consent of community leaders prior to seeking informed consent from community members. Although community consent does not replace individual consent, it could problematically restrict the autonomy of community members by precluding them from research when community leaders withhold their permission. Community consent is therefore at odds with one of the central principles of bioethics: respecting autonomy. This raises the question as to how community consent can be justified or even required. This paper aims to provide an answer to this question by arguing, based on the work of Taylor and Kymlicka, that community practices are important for the identity and autonomy of community members. When these practices are incompatible with a solitary focus on individual informed consent, they need to be protected by making these decision‐making practices (including asking permission to community authorities) part of the consent process. Since these decision‐making practices are important for the autonomy of community members, community consent with the goal of protecting these practices is not necessarily in conflict with autonomy.
Investigating which behaviour change techniques work for whom in which contexts delivered by what means: Proposal for an international collaboratory of Centres for Understanding Behaviour Change (CUBiC)
Authors: Armitage Christopher J. , Conner Mark , Prestwich Andrew , de Bruin Marijn , Johnston Marie , Sniehotta Falko , Epton Tracy 
Published: October 2020

PurposeBehaviour change techniques are fundamental to the development of any behaviour change intervention, but surprisingly little is known about their properties. Key questions include when, why, how, in which contexts, for which behaviours, in what combinations, compared with what, and for whom behaviour change techniques are typically effective. The aims of the present paper are to: (1) articulate the scope of the challenge in understanding the properties of behaviour change techniques, (2) propose means by which to tackle this problem, and (3) call scientists to action.MethodsIterative consensus (O’Connor et al., 2020, Br. J. Psychol., e12468) was used to elicit and distil the judgements of experts on how best to tackle the problem of understanding the nature and operation of behaviour change techniques.ResultsWe propose a worldwide network of ‘Centres for Understanding Behaviour Change’ (CUBiC) simultaneously undertaking research to establish what are the single and combined properties of behaviour change techniques across multiple behaviours and populations. We additionally provide a first attempt to systematize an approach that CUBiC could use to understand behaviour change techniques and to begin to harness the efforts of researchers worldwide.ConclusionBetter understanding of behaviour change techniques is vital for improving behaviour change interventions to tackle global problems such as obesity and recovery from COVID‐19. The CUBiC proposal is just one of many possible solutions to the problems that the world faces and is a call to action for scientists to work collaboratively to gain deeper understanding of the underpinnings of behaviour change interventions.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 inhibition rescues sex‐dependent contextual fear memory deficit in human immunodeficiency virus‐1 transgenic mice
Authors: Moidunny Shamsudheen , Benneyworth Michael A. , Titus David J. , Beurel Eleonore , Kolli Udhghatri , Meints Joyce , Jalodia Richa , Ramakrishnan Sundaram , Atkins Coleen M. , Roy Sabita 
Published: October 2020

Background and PurposeA significant number of HIV‐1 patients on antiretroviral therapy develop HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Evidence indicate that biological sex may regulate HAND pathogenesis, but the mechanisms remain unknown. We investigated synaptic mechanisms associated with sex differences in HAND, using the HIV‐1‐transgenic 26 (Tg26) mouse model.Experimental ApproachContextual‐ and cue‐dependent memories of male and female Tg26 mice and littermate wild type mice were assessed in a fear conditioning paradigm. Hippocampal electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, western blot, qRT‐PCR and ELISA techniques were used to investigate cellular, synaptic and molecular impairments.Key ResultsCue‐dependent memory was unaltered in male and female Tg26 mice, when compared to wild type mice. Male, but not female, Tg26 mice showed deficits in contextual fear memory. Consistently, only male Tg26 mice showed depressed hippocampal basal synaptic transmission and impaired LTP induction in area CA1. These deficits in male Tg26 mice were independent of hippocampal neuronal loss and microglial activation but were associated with increased HIV‐1 long terminal repeat mRNA expression, reduced hippocampal synapsin‐1 protein, reduced BDNF mRNA and protein, reduced AMPA glutamate receptor (GluA1) phosphorylation levels and increased glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) activity. Importantly, selective GSK3 inhibition using 4‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazolidine‐3,5‐dione increased levels of synapsin‐1, BDNF and phosphorylated‐GluA1 proteins, restored hippocampal basal synaptic transmission and LTP, and improved contextual fear memory in male Tg26 mice.Conclusion and ImplicationsSex‐dependent impairments in contextual fear memory and synaptic plasticity in Tg26 mice are associated with increased GSK3 activity. This implicates GSK3 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve cognition in HIV‐1 patients.
Spider diversity across an elevation gradient in Área de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica
Authors: Dolson Sarah J. , McPhee Megan , Viquez Carlos F. , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel H. , Smith M. Alex 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThroughout the Neotropics, temperature and precipitation change with elevation and these changes affect the assemblage of species at any particular elevation. We documented the diversity of litter‐inhabiting spiders, (Arachnida: Araneae) along a Costa Rican elevational gradient as it relates to covarying abiotic factors such as temperature and precipitation. The spiders we collected were principally unidentifiable juveniles, and so we used Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) derived from DNA barcodes as proxies for species‐level interim names. We contrasted these taxon‐based estimates with phylogenetic measures of alpha‐ and beta‐diversity derived from both the mitochondrial DNA barcode region and a multi‐gene phylogeny of spiders and found that neither the abundance nor the species richness of spiders was significantly correlated with elevation, temperature, or precipitation. However, we did find that spider assemblages in the upper elevation cloud forests were phylogenetically clustered, (and this pattern was unrelated to whether the phylogenetic patterns were derived mitochondrially or from a multi‐gene analysis). One standard explanation for such a pattern is that harsh abiotic conditions in higher elevation forests have selected for particular spider lineages; however, this remains to be tested fully. The diversity of leaf‐litter spider species we uncovered was high and further sampling of spider abundance and diversity across the ACG is likely to yield many new species.
Hypotheses for Possible Iatrogenic Impacts of School Bullying Prevention Programs
Authors: Healy Karyn L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommensurate with the serious risks bullying poses to students’ mental health, substantial attention has been devoted to evaluating school bullying prevention programs. Research on the effectiveness of these interventions shows mixed outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that even programs that reduce overall bullying may have negative outcomes for victims. Most bullying prevention programs incorporate a range of strategies, but we know little about which strategies actively reduce bullying and whether some may have iatrogenic effects. Questions have been raised about programs that involve working with peer bystanders and whether some strategies stigmatize victims. In this article, I propose three theoretically derived hypotheses that describe mechanisms through which encouraging peers to actively defend victims may produce adverse outcomes for victims. More research is needed to test these hypotheses. A deeper understanding of the differential impact of bullying prevention strategies will lead to improvements in programs and more targeted use of effective strategies.
A Luta Continua1: Next Steps for Racism Research Among Black American Youth
Authors: Seaton Eleanor K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch examining the impact of racism among Black American children and adolescents has exploded in recent years. Given what we have learned about racism among Black American youth, in this article, I provide recommendations for developmental scientists. First, we need to examine other types of racism‐related stressors, namely internalized racism, vicarious racism, environmental racism, Internet assessments of racism, and racial macro stressors. A recent racial macro stressor that should be studied is Covid‐19, which has had devastating effects on the Black American community. Second, we need to examine middle childhood and adolescence as early periods of accelerated aging due to experiencing racism early in life. Adolescence may be a sensitive period given research illustrating that experiences of racial discrimination in adolescence affect adult health. Measurement is critical because these recommendations cannot be realized without developing new measures and incorporating diverse methods.
A theoretical model of contraceptive decision‐making and behaviour in diabetes: A qualitative application of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Johnson Emily , DeJonckheere Melissa , Oliverio Andrea L. , Brown Kathryn S. , Van Sparrentak Murphy , Wu Justine P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimPeople with diabetes have contraceptive needs that have been inadequately addressed. The aim of this qualitative study was to develop a theoretical model that reflects contraceptive decision‐making and behaviour in the setting of diabetes mellitus.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured, qualitative interviews of 17 women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes from Michigan, USA. Participants were recruited from a diabetes registry and local clinics. We adapted domains from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and applied reproductive justice principles to inform the qualitative data collection and analysis. Using an iterative coding template, we advanced from descriptive to theoretical codes, compared codes across characteristics of interest (e.g. diabetes type), and synthesized the theoretical codes and their relationships in an explanatory model.ResultsThe final model included the following constructs and themes: perceived barriers and benefits to contraceptive use (effects on blood sugar, risk of diabetes‐related complications, improved quality of life); perceived seriousness of pregnancy (harm to self, harm to foetus or baby); perceived susceptibility to pregnancy risks (diabetes is a ‘high risk’ state); external cues to action (one‐size‐fits‐all/anxiety‐provoking counselling vs. personalized/trust‐based counselling); internal cues to action (self‐perceived ‘sickness’); self‐efficacy (reproductive self‐efficacy, contraceptive self‐efficacy); and modifying factors (perceptions of biased counselling based upon one’s age, race or severity of disease).ConclusionsThis novel adaptation of the HBM highlights the need for condition‐specific and person‐centred contraceptive counselling for those with diabetes.
Clinical profile and prognosis in patients on oral anticoagulation before admission for COVID‐19
Authors: Rivera‐Caravaca José Miguel , Núñez‐Gil Iván J. , Vivas David , Viana‐Llamas María C. , Uribarri Aitor , Becerra‐Muñoz Víctor Manuel , Trabattoni Daniela , Fernández Rozas Inmaculada , Feltes Gisela , López‐Pais Javier , El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Macaya Carlos , Fernandez‐Ortiz Antonio , Estrada Vicente , Marín Francisco ,   HOPE COVID‐19 Investigators
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) shows high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Some of these patients are under oral anticoagulation (OAC) at admission, but to date, there are no data on the clinical profile, prognosis and risk factors of such patients during hospitalization for COVID‐19.DesignSubanalysis of the international ‘real‐world’ HOPE COVID‐19 registry. All patients with prior OAC at hospital admission for COVID‐19 were suitable for the study. All‐cause mortality was the primary endpoint.ResultsFrom 1002 patients included, 110 (60.9% male, median age of 81.5 [IQR 75‐87] years, median Short‐Form Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI] of 1 [IQR 1‐3]) were on OAC at admission, mainly for atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. After propensity score matching, 67.9% of these patients died during hospitalization, which translated into a significantly higher mortality risk compared to patients without prior OAC (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08‐2.16). After multivariate Cox regression analysis, respiratory insufficiency during hospitalization (HR 6.02, 95% CI 2.18‐16.62), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) during hospitalization (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.34‐3.91) and the Short‐Form CCI (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03‐1.49) were the main risk factors for mortality in patients on prior OAC.ConclusionsCompared to patients without prior OAC, COVID‐19 patients on OAC therapy at hospital admission showed lower survival and higher mortality risk. In these patients on OAC therapy, the prevalence of several comorbidities is high. Respiratory insufficiency and SIRS during hospitalization, as well as higher comorbidity, pointed out those anticoagulated patients with increased mortality risk.
Altered neural processing of emotional words in adults with a history of institutionalization: Evidence from the emotional Stroop task
Authors: Zhukova Marina A. , Ovchinnikova Irina V. , An Iuliia , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigated neural correlates of traumatic experience related to the lack of family care in adults with a history of institutionalization (IC) using the Emotional Stroop paradigm. The goals of our study were twofold: we investigated whether adults with IC history (n = 24; Mage = 22.17, SD = 6.7) demonstrate atypical processing of emotionally salient words in general, and whether they exhibit selective processing bias toward family related words compared to adults raised in biological families (BFC; n = 28; Mage = 22.25, SD = 4.9). Results demonstrated significant differences in accuracy but not response times between groups on the behavioral level, indicating that the IC group was overall less accurate in identifying the color of the font. Contrary to our prediction, there were no significant differences between neural response to family related versus unrelated words in the IC and BFC groups. The absence of group differences can be explained by the selection of stimuli, which were associated with family rather than institutional history. The IC group showed a larger N280‐380 component in response to negative words compared to the BFC group, and larger negativity in the right parietal area in response to positive words in the same time window. Results demonstrate that institutional history is marked by altered emotional processing in the subpopulation of institutional care‐leavers, but the footprint is not specific to traumatic experience and extends from general sensitivity to emotional words.