bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Risk Factors for Non-Union After Surgery for Limb Fractures: A Case-Control Study of 669 Subjects
Authors: Xu Qiang , Zhang Bin , Dai Min , Liu Xuqiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: Although a large number of clinical and animal experimental studies have explored factors affecting fracture healing, there are only a few examples of systematic research on these factors for limb fractures. The purpose of this study was to analyse the risk factors for limb fracture non-union in order to improve non-union prevention and early detection.Methods: A total of 223 patients with non-union after surgery for limb fractures performed at our institution from January 2005 to June 2017 were included as the case group, while a computer-generated random list was created to select 446 patients with successful bone healing who were treated during the same period as the control group, thus achieving a ratio of 1:2. The medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. Age, sex, body mass index, obesity, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, fracture type, multiple fractures, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, delayed weight bearing, internal fixation failure, and infection data were analysed and compared between the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to determine relevant factors associated with non-union.Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that osteoporosis, open fractures, NSAIDs use, delayed weight bearing, failed internal fixation, and infection were independent risk factors for non-union after surgery for limb fractures.Conclusions: Osteoporosis, open fracture type, NSAIDs use, delayed weight bearing, failed internal fixation, and infection were found to be the main causes of bone non-union; clinicians should, therefore, take targeted measures to intervene in high-risk groups early.
Blood Type Distribution in Autoimmune Diseases: An Anonymous, Large-Scale, Self-Report Pilot Study
Authors: Harris Edward S , Harris Harlan D , Malkovsky Miroslav 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent research has verified that blood group or Rh factor can influence susceptibility to various cardiovascular, neoplastic and infectious diseases including COVID-19. While a number of studies have looked at correlations between blood group and various rheumatological diseases, findings have been inconsistent, often because many of these studies suffered from small sample size issues. In order to better understand the potential relationships between blood group/Rh factor and rheumatological diseases, we performed a large-scale self-report pilot study of blood type distributions in five autoimmune diseases.Methods: Five autoimmune diseases were included in the study: systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and ankylosing spondylitis. We also included a control group in which participants did not have any autoimmune diseases. The participants were recruited through social media and organizations such as the Lupus Foundation and the National Psoriasis Foundation. Respondents who met the inclusion criteria were asked only two questions by anonymous survey: blood type and country of birth.Results: Each autoimmune disorder group included between 570 and 951 US participants. While there was little difference in blood type distribution patterns among the five diseases, unexpectedly, all five disease groups showed a consistent pattern where Rh negative was almost twice as high as US population norms. A post-hoc non-autoimmune control group was added in order to determine if this anomalous finding was an artifact of the study design. The control group displayed a similar unexpected increase in the Rh-negative blood type prevalence, suggesting that the very high Rh-negative frequency among the tested disease groups was likely to be an artifact of the study design. Conclusions: Overall, our preliminary study results show no meaningful differences between the disease groups and the post-hoc control group, suggesting that neither ABO type nor Rh factor affects susceptibility to the development of any of the five studied autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, the unexpected observed difference in Rh factor distribution between the studied groups/control group and the corresponding US population norms has important implications for any research study using self-selected subjects. Our results suggest that such studies may be subject to unanticipated biases, requiring meticulous controls to confirm impartiality and exclude any artifacts of the study design.
Diet-induced Obesity Leads to Behavioral Indicators of Pain Preceding Structural Joint Damage in Wild-Type Mice.
Authors: Kerr Geoffrey , To Bethia , White Ian , Millecamps Magali , Beier Frank , Stone Laura S. , Seguin Cheryle A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is one of the largest modifiable risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal diseases, including intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and back pain. Despite the clinical association, no studies have directly assessed whether diet-induced obesity accelerates IVD degeneration, back pain, or investigated the biological mediators underlying this association. In this study we examine the effects of chronic consumption of a high-fat or high-fat/high-sugar (western) diet on the IVD and pain-associated outcomes. Methods: Male C57BL/6N mice were randomized into one of three diet groups (control chow; high-fat; high-fat, high-sugar western diet) at 10-weeks of age and remained on the diet for 12, 24 or 40 weeks. At endpoint, animals were assessed for behavioral indicators of pain, joint tissues were collected for histological and molecular analysis, and IBA-1, GFAP and CGRP were measured in spinal cords by immunohistochemistry . Results: Animals fed obesogenic (high-fat or western) diets showed behavioral indicators of pain beginning at 12 weeks and persisting up to 40 weeks of diet consumption. Histological indicators of joint degeneration were not detected in the IVD or knee until 40 weeks on the experimental diets. Mice fed the obesogenic diets showed increased intradiscal expression of inflammatory cytokines and circulating levels of MCP-1 compared to control. Linear regression modeling demonstrated that age and diet were both significant predictors of most pain-related behavioral outcomes, but not histopathological joint degeneration.Conclusion: Diet-induced obesity accelerates IVD degeneration and knee OA in mice; however, pain-related behaviors precede and are independent of histopathological structural damage. These findings contribute to understanding the source of obesity-related back pain and the contribution of structural IVD degeneration.
Construction and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on DNA&nbsp;Methylation-driven Differentially Expressed Genes
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhang Yanlong , Fan Shuaishuai , Ji Yuan , Ren Jianchao , Yang Ke , WANG JINGQI 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent type of kidney cancer. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict ccRCC prognosis.Methods: By integrating DNA methylation (DNAm) data and gene expression profiles of ccRCC obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), DNAm-driven genes were identified by differential and correlation analyses. Next, risk genes were selected by multiple algorithms (univariate Cox and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses) and various databases (TCGA, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and The Human Protein Atlas (HPA)). A risk score model was established by multivariate Cox analyses. ConsensusPathDB and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to identify the biological functions of the selected genes. After comprehensively evaluating the clinical data, we established and assessed a dynamic nomogram available on a webserver.Results: In total, 220 differentially expressed DNAm-driven genes were identified, and five-gene signature (EPB41L4B, HHLA2, IFI16, CMTM3, and XAF1) was related to overall survival (OS). Next, we integrated the DNAm-driven genes into the prognostic risk score model and found that age, histologic grade, pathological stage, and risk level were correlated with OS in ccRCC patients. Based on these variables, a dynamic nomogram was established to predict the ccRCC prognosis. Finally, Functional enrichment analysis showed that the functions of these genes were relevant to immune reactions.Conclusions: We identified a 5 DNAm-driven gene signature whose altered status was highly correlated with ccRCC patient OS. We constructed a dynamic nomogram to provide individualized survival predictions for ccRCC patients.
Co-production in Local Government: Process, Codification and Capacity Building of New Knowledge in Collective Reflection Spaces. Workshops Findings From a UK Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Graaf Peter van der , Cheetham Mandy , Redgate Samantha , Humble Clare , Adamson Ashley 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundCo-production of research evidence is valued by local government to improve effective decision-making about public services in times of austerity. However, dark shadows of co-production challenge this ambition with limited evidence on how to embed research use sustainably. In this paper we reflect on mechanisms for making co-production in local government successful.MethodsThis paper presents findings from a Health Foundation funded research project that explored how a culture of evidence use to improve population health could be embedded in UK local government. Five linked work packages were undertaken using mixed methods. In this paper, we report the views of UK local authority staff who participated in four workshops (n=54), informed by a rapid literature review and an online scoping survey.ResultsWe identified five themes that facilitate public health evidence use in local government: 1) new governance arrangements to integrate national and local policies, 2) codifying research evidence through local system-wide approaches and 3) ongoing evaluation of programmes, and 4) overcoming political and cultural barriers by increasing absorptive capacity of Local Authorities to embed co-produced knowledge in their cognitive structures. This requires adaptive governance through relationship building between academic researchers and Local Authority staff and shared understanding of fragmented local policy making, which are supported by 5) collective spaces for reflection within local government.ConclusionsCreating collective spaces for reflection in between government departments allows for iterative, interactive processes of co-production with external partners that support emergence of new governance structures to socially action the co-produced knowledge in context and build capacity for sustained evidence use.
Renal Resistive Index is Associated With Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients Treated in the ICU
Authors: Renberg Mårten , Jonmarker Olof , Kilhamn Naima , Rimes-Stigare Claire , Bell Max , Hertzberg Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Renal resistive index (RRI) is a promising tool for prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients but is not described among patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of RRI in relation to AKI in patients with COVID-19 treated in the intensive care unit.Methods: In this observational cohort study, RRI was measured in COVID-19 patients in six ICUs at two sites of a Swedish University Hospital. AKI was defined by the creatinine criteria in the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome classification. We investigated the association between RRI and AKI diagnosis, different AKI stages and urine output.Results: RRI was measured in 51 patients, of which 23 patients (45%) had AKI at the time of measurement. Median RRI in patients with AKI was 0.80 (IQR 0.71-0.85) compared to 0.72 (IQR 0.67-0.78) in patients without AKI (p=0.004). Compared to patients without AKI, RRI was higher in patients with AKI stage 3 (median 0.83, IQR 0.71-0.85, p=0.006) but not in patients with AKI stage 1 (median 0.76, IQR 0.71-0.83, p=0.347) or AKI stage 2 (median 0.79, min/max 0.79/0.80, n=2, p=0.134). RRI was higher in patients with an ongoing AKI episode compared to patients who never developed AKI (median 0.72, IQR 0.69-0.78, p=0.015) or patients who developed AKI but had recovered at the time of measurement (median 0.68, IQR 0.67-0.81, p=0.021). Oliguric patients had higher RRI (median 0.84, IQR 0.83-0.85) compared to non-oliguric patients (median 0.74, IQR 0.69-0.81) (p=0.009).Conclusions: Critically ill COVID-19 patients with AKI have higher RRI compared to those without AKI, and elevated RRI may have a role in identifying severe and oliguric AKI in these patients.
Clinical course and management of 73 hospitalized moderate patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan
Authors: Peng Xiaojuan , Liu Qi Qi , Chen Zhaolin , Wen Guiyan , Li Qing , Chen Yanfang , Xiong Jie , Meng Xinzhou , Ding Yuanjin , Shi Ying , Tang Shaohui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Moderate cases account for the majority in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and can also progress to severe/critical condition. Here, we investigated the clinical course and management of hospitalized moderate SARS-CoV-2 patients.Methods: The medical records and follow-up data were analyzed from the SARS-CoV-2 patients outside Wuhan.Results: A total of 73 moderate patients (38 men, 35 women) were included, with median age of 47.0 (38.5-57.5) years. Among them, only one patient (1.4%) died using active treatment to improve symptoms. The median duration of the four main symptoms cough, fever, chest tightness, and fatigue were about 1-2 weeks; the median duration of the positive nucleic acid test (NAT) results for SARS-CoV-2 was slightly more than 2 weeks; the median hospitalization time was almost four weeks in 72 moderate survivors. The duration of cough and fever was positively correlated with the duration of the positive NAT results. On admission, 50% had lymphopenia; less than 30% had abnormal blood biochemistry findings involving hyperglycemia, liver function and myocardial enzymes. At discharge, the laboratory indexes were substantially improved. Two weeks after discharge, 5.6% survivors experienced a recurrence of the positive NAT results. Conclusions: Moderate SARS-CoV-2 patients have a good prognosis by the active treatment. After discharge, it is necessary that moderate survivors undergo at least a 2-week collective medical observation in quarantine places, which can identify and treat a proportion of patients with re-positive NAT results and to prevent the spread of the potential sources of infection.
In Silico Modeling of Small Molecule Carboxamides as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV 3CL Protease: An Approach Towards Combating COVID-19
Authors: Khan Pathan Mohsin , Kumar Vinay , Roy Kunal 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is most
widely used for the prediction of biological activity of potential medicinal compounds. A QSAR
model is developed by correlating the information obtained from chemical structures (numerical descriptors/
independent variables) with the experimental response values (the dependent variable).

Methods:
In the current study, we have developed a QSAR model to predict the inhibitory activity
of small molecule carboxamides against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS--
CoV) 3CLpro enzyme. Due to the structural similarity of this enzyme with SARS-CoV-2, the
causative organism of the recent pandemic, the former may be used for the development of therapies
against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).

Results:
The final multiple linear regression (MLR) model was based on four two-dimensional descriptors
with definite physicochemical meaning. The model was strictly validated using different
internal and external quality metrics. The model showed significant statistical quality in terms of
determination coefficient (R2=0.748, adjusted R2 or R2
adj = 0.700), cross-validated leave-one-out Q2
(Q2=0.628) and external predicted variance R2
pred = 0.723. The final validated model was used for
the prediction of external set compounds as well as to virtually design a new library of small
molecules. We have also performed a docking analysis of the most active and least active compounds
present in the dataset for comparative analysis and to explain the features obtained from the
2D-QSAR model.

Conclusion:
The derived model may be useful to predict the inhibitory activity of small molecules
within the applicability domain of the model only based on the chemical structure information prior
to their synthesis and testing.
13-lncRNAs Signature to Improve Diagnostic and Prognostic Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Yu Jia , Hu Juan , Tan Fang , Zhou Juan , Yang Xiaoyan , Xie Zhizhong , Tang Huifang , Dong Sen , Lei Xiaoyong 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of cancer with a high
mortality rate and is usually detected at the middle or late stage, missing the optimal treatment period.
The current study aims to identify potential long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) biomarkers that
contribute to the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.

Methods:
The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in HCC patientsThe differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in HCC patients were detected
from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. LncRNAs signature was screened by LASSO regression,
univariate, and multivariate Cox regression. The models for predicting diagnosis and
prognosis were established, respectively. The prognostic model was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier
survival curve receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and stratified analysis. The diagnostic
model was validated by ROC. The lncRNAs signature was further demonstrated by functional enrichment
analysis. were detected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. LncRNAs signature was screened by LASSO regression, univariate and multivariate Cox regression.
The models for predicting diagnosis and prognosis were established respectively. The prognostic model was evaluated by
Kaplan-Meier survival curve receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and stratified analysis. The diagnostic model
was validated by ROC. The lncRNAs signature was further demonstrated by functional enrichment analysis.

Results:
We found the 13-lncRNAs signature that had a good performance in predicting prognosis
and could help to improve the value of diagnosis. In the training set, testing set, and entire cohort,
the low-risk group had longer survival than the high-risk group (median OS: 3124 vs. 649 days,
2456 vs. 770 days and 3124 vs. 755 days). It performed well in 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival prediction.
13-lncRNAs-based risk score, age, and race were good predictors of prognosis. The AUC of
diagnosis was 0.9487, 0.9265, and 0.9376, respectively. Meanwhile, the 13-lncRNAs were involved
in important pathways, including the cell cycle and multiple metabolic pathways.

Conclusion:
In our study, the 13-lncRNAs signature may be a potential marker for the prognosis
of HCC and improve the diagnosis.
Comparative Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured SAPO-34 Using TEA and Morpholine: Effect of Mono vs. Dual Template on Catalytic Properties and Performance toward Methanol to Light Olefins
Authors: Aghamohammadi Sogand , Haghighi Mohammad , Sadeghpour Parisa , Souri Tayebeh 
Published: September 2020

Aim and Objective:
Production of light olefins from methanol was studied over
SAPO-34 molecular sieves exploring the effect of mono and dual templates. Herein, the single templates
of TEA, morpholine, and mixed templates of TEA/morpholine (equal molar ratio of TEA
and morpholine) were used to synthesize SAPO-34 catalysts.

Materials and Methods:
The prepared samples were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis method
and characterized with XRD, FESEM, PSD, EDX, BET, and FTIR techniques.

Results:
It was found that the crystallinity decreased upon applying TEA as a template and it can also
be noted that the intensity of the SAPO-34 phase peaks increased by increasing the morpholine
in template mixture. Production of much smoother particles for the catalyst synthesized with a binary
template mixture of TEA/morpholine can be dependent on the crystallinity increase. Si incorporation
value was decreased for the catalyst with a major phase of SAPO-5 (topological structure
of AFI). It is indicative that the TEA application would facilitate the formation of AFI structure,
which is incapable of incorporating higher amounts of Si into the crystalline framework.

Conclusion:
The nature of the template determines the morphology of the final product due to the
different rates of crystal growth obtained in accordance with XRD and FESEM results. Therefore,
the catalyst synthesized with the TEA/morpholine mixture shows the best performance among synthesized
samples in terms of lifetime in the MTO process, sustaining light olefins selectivity at
higher values (about 90% after 630 min TOS).
Knowledge and Perceptions Towards Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Assessments and Recommendations
Authors: Elnaem Mohamed Hassan , Elrggal Mahmoud E , Syed Nabeel , Naqvi Atta Abbas , Hadi Muhammad Abdul 
Published: September 2020

Introduction:
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at significantly higher
risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is a scarcity of literature reviews that describe
and summarize T2DM patients' knowledge and perception about CVD prevention.

Objectives:
To describe and summarize the assessment of knowledge and perceptions about CVD
risk and preventive approaches among patients with T2DM.

Methods:
A scoping review methodology was adopted, and three scientific databases, Google Scholar,
Science Direct, and PubMed were searched using predefined search terms. A multistage screening
process that considered relevancy, publication year (2009-2019), English language, and article
type (original research) was followed. We formulated research questions focused on the assessment
of levels of knowledge and perceptions of the illness relevant to CVD prevention and the identification
of associated patients' characteristics.

Results:
A total of 16 studies were included. Patients were not confident to identify CVD risk and
other clinical consequences that may occur in the prognostic pathway of T2DM. Furthermore, patients
were less likely to identify all CV risk factors indicating a lack of understanding of the multi--
factorial contribution of CVD risk. Patients' beliefs about medications were correlated with their
level of adherence to medications for CVD prevention. Many knowledge gaps were identified, including
the basic disease expectations at the time of diagnosis, identification of individuals' CVD
risk factors, and management aspects. Knowledge and perceptions were affected by patients' demographic
characteristics, e.g., educational level, race, age, and area of residence.

Conclusion:
There are knowledge gaps concerning the understanding of CVD risk among patients
with T2DM. The findings necessitate educational initiatives to boost CVD prevention among patients
with T2DM. Furthermore, these should be individualized based on patients' characteristics,
knowledge gaps, disease duration, and estimated CVD risk.