bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyanine mitochondrial dye with slightly selective cytotoxicity against A549 cancerous cells
Authors: Skvortsov Dmitry A. , Emashova Sophia K. , Kalinina Marina A. , Dontsova Olga A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDelocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) are known as mitochondria‐addressed molecules. Mitochondria targeting may provide opportunities for tumor detection. DLCs may have antioxidant or anticancer properties. In this study, we focused on the toxicity and localization of 2‐[(E)‐2‐(5‐fluoro‐2‐methyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)ethenyl]‐1,6‐dimethylpyridin‐1‐ium iodide (62E2), which has recently been found as a novel cytotoxic fluorescent compound. The excitation maximum of 62E2 is 452 ± 10 nm and its emission maximum is 579 ± 10 nm. It is accumulated in the cells and stains mitochondria in nanomolar concentrations. 62E2 is cytotoxic and mitotoxic in low micromolar concentrations, and it demonstrates some selectivity of cytotoxicity against A549 cancer cells. The closest analog of 62E2 is F16, which is the fluorescent mitotoxic agent that has been described earlier as a potential anticancer agent. We hope that 62E2 described here is useful in expanding the diversity of cyanine fluorescent mitochondrial dyes and the analysis of their structure–activity relationships.
Science for Competition among Powers: Geographical Knowledge, Colonial‐Diplomatic Networks, and the Scramble for Africa**
Authors: Gamito‐Marques Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHistorical studies on the relationship between science and diplomacy tend to focus on events since World War II and on initiatives for the maintenance of peace or to achieve cooperation over contentious matters. This article presents the case of José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823–1907), a Portuguese zoologist who had formal diplomatic responsibilities in a context of competition for the colonization of Africa in the nineteenth century. He used his knowledge in African geography to implement colonial and diplomatic strategies that aimed at outcompeting rival powers. The development of a network of actors with scientific, colonial, and diplomatic expertise was crucial for the negotiations that involved the partition of the Congo basin, which resulted in victories for Portugal that surpassed the country's marginal political relevance at the international level and had long‐lasting consequences.
DNA adenine methylation in eukaryotes: Enzymatic mark or a form of DNA damage?
Authors: Bochtler Matthias , Fernandes Humberto 
Published: November 2020

Abstract6‐methyladenine (6mA) is fairly abundant in nuclear DNA of basal fungi, ciliates and green algae. In these organisms, 6mA is maintained near transcription start sites in ApT context by a parental‐strand instruction dependent maintenance methyltransferase and is positively associated with transcription. In animals and plants, 6mA levels are high only in organellar DNA. The 6mA levels in nuclear DNA are very low. They are attributable to nucleotide salvage and the activity of otherwise mitochondrial METTL4, and may be considered as a price that cells pay for adenine methylation in RNA and/or organellar DNA. Cells minimize this price by sanitizing dNTP pools to limit 6mA incorporation, and by converting 6mA that has been incorporated into DNA back to adenine. Hence, 6mA in nuclear DNA should be described as an epigenetic mark only in basal fungi, ciliates and green algae, but not in animals and plants.
Food‐Grade Expression and Characterization of a Dextranase from Chaetomium gracile Suitable for Sugarcane Juice Clarification
Authors: Zhao Jingyi , Wang Leyi , Wei Xin , Li Kai , Liu Jidong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe microbial production of dextranase using cheap carbon sources is beneficial to solve the economic loss caused by the accumulation of dextran in syrup. A food‐grade microbial cell factory was constructed by introducing the dextranase encoding gene DEX from Chaetomium gracile to the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis, and the antibiotic resistance marker gene was subsequently deleted via the Cre/loxP strategy. The dual‐promoter system with a sequentially arranged constitutive P43 promoter resulted in an 85 % increase in DEX expression. Under the optimal fermentation conditions of 10 g/L maltose, 15 g/L casein, 1 g/L Na2HPO4, 1 g/L FeSO4 and 8 g/L NaCl, DEX activity was increased from 2.625 to 64.34 U/mL. Recombinant DEX was purified 5.98‐fold with a recovery ratio of 26.67 % and specific activity of 3935.02 U/mg. Enzyme activity was optimal at 55 °C and pH 5.0 and remained 80.34 % and 71.36 % of the initial activity at 55 °C and pH 4.0 after 60 min, respectively. The enzyme possessed high activity in the presence of Co2+, while Ag+ showed the strongest inhibition ability. The optimal substrate was 20 g/L dextran T‐2000. The findings could facilitate the low‐cost, large‐scale production of food‐grade DEX for use in the sugar industry.
Anatomical and functional healing after resorbable magnesium scaffold implantation in human coronary vessels: A combined optical coherence tomography and quantitative flow ratio analysis
Authors: Cerrato Enrico , Belliggiano Davide , Quadri Giorgio , Erriquez Andrea , Anselmino Matteo , Quirós Alicia , Franzè Alfonso , Ferrari Fabio , Rolfo Cristina , Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , Escaned Javier , Gonzalo Nieves , Campo Gianluca , Varbella Ferdinando 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo data are currently available on the process of vessel healing and long‐term physiological results after implantation of resorbable magnesium‐made scaffold (RMS) in human coronary arteries.ObjectivesTo investigate after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and at 12 months follow‐up (a) RMS resorption process and vessel healing, as judged by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging; and (b) physiological result of RMS implantation evaluated by quantitative flow ratio (QFR).MethodsAll patients successfully treated with at least one RMS from July 2016 to August 2018 at 2 Italian centers were evaluated. All cases with OCT pullback and/or coronary angiography suitable for QFR analysis performed after PCI and at 12 months were included. Resorption process was analyzed at OCT in each frame reporting presence of residual struts in the vessel.ResultsForty‐four patients/forty‐nine lesions were included. 12‐months mean lumen area (LA; 7.54 ± 3.04 mm2) significantly decreased compared to mean LA recorded immediately after PCI (8.12 ± 1.89 mm2; p < .01). However, LA changes did not affect the functional result of PCI with a non‐ischemic QFR value (>0.80) in 98% of cases at 12‐months follow‐up. Protruding struts were detectable in more than half of cases and their presence was correlated with an increase in mean LA (+0.73mm2 [95% CI 0.51–0.94], p < .001).ConclusionsRMS implantation in a real‐world population lead to significant decrease in mean LA without significant functional impairment. Two different patterns of RMS resorption were recorded, whose clinical significance remains to be investigated.
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Alkenes with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boranes via B—H Bond Activation
Authors: Wang Qiaotian , Meng Wei , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng 
Published: November 2020

Main observation and conclusionIn this work, a novel mode for the activation of N‐heterocyclic carbene boranes (NHC‐boranes) was developed by generating the highly reactive zwitterion species through hydride abstraction with Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 in an frustrated Lewis pairs manner. A broad range of alkenes including stilbenes, β‐methylstyrenes, styrenes, and alkyl‐alkenes were suitable substrates for the B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed hydroboration to furnish the desired products in good to high yields. Significantly, excellent regioselectivities were obtained in some cases. Mechanistic studies indicate that the B—H bond cleavage is likely involved in the rate‐determining step. In addition, an electrophilic addition of NHC‐borenium cation to alkenes and the subsequent formation of carbocation are also postulated. The current work provides a promising method for the activation of stable borane adducts, which might lead to some interesting transformations in the future.
Overcome Debye Length Limitations for Biomolecule Sensing Based on Field Effective Transistors†
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Zhang Hongyuan , Zhai Tianyou , Xia Fan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBiosensors based on field effective transistor (FET) have aroused tremendous attention in the past few years owning to their huge application in drug discovery, disease diagnosis and environmental monitoring. The FET biosensors possess small volume, high sensitivity at ultra‐low concentration, considerable mechanical strength, as well as excellent stability in solution, which plays a vital role in the point of care testing (POCT) systems. Recent advances have summarized some progress involved in the improvement of morphology and structure of channel materials, the functionalization of organic molecule, the influence of device operation and sensing environment on the detecting performance. However, for FET biosensors, the charge screening phenomena were inevitable in the solution, which seriously degrade the device performance. In this article, we summarize recent advances to overcome debye length limitations for biomolecule sensing based on FET. We will firstly describe the charge screening mechanism, then focous on the strategy to overcome charge screening, including synthesizing special channel materials with crumpled morphology, designing aptamer binding mode, and modulating device measurement. Finally, we discuss the major challenges and perspectives about overcoming debye length limitations of FET biosensors. These summaries provide further insights to realize real‐time, lable‐free, high‐sensitivity FET sensors for medical healthcare.
Design and Efficient Synthesis of RalA Inhibitors Containing the Dihydro‐α‐carboline Scaffold
Authors: Leng Hai‐Jun , Wang Yu‐Ting , He Xiang‐Hong , Xia Hou‐Lin , Xu Peng‐Shuai , Xiang Peng , He Qing‐Qing , Zhan Gu , Huang Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRas‐related protein RalA is a member of the Ras small GTPases superfamily. Its activation plays an important role in regulating tumor initiation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. In this study, we designed a new type of RalA inhibitor containing a dihydro‐α‐carboline scaffold. The structurally new dihydro‐α‐carboline derivatives could be efficiently synthesized in good yields through a newly developed three‐component [3+2+1] cyclization reaction. Evaluation of the biological activity showed that some of the dihydro‐α‐carboline derivatives can inhibit RalA/B and proliferative activities of NSCLC cell lines. The 4‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐dihydro‐α‐carboline compound (3 o) was found to be the most potent derivative, with IC50 values of 0.43±0.03, 0.64±0.07, 0.93±0.10, and 1.54±0.15 μM against A549, H1299, H460, and H1975 cells, respectively. Mechanism investigation suggested that 3 o inhibits the RalA/B activation of A549, down‐regulates Bcl‐2, stimulates cytochrome c and PARP cleavage, and induces cell apoptosis. A molecular docking study revealed that 3 o can form stable hydrogen bonds with residues of RalA. Moreover, amide‐π and alkyl‐π interactions also contributed to the affinity between 3 o and RalA.
A Europium(III) Complex Embedded in a Polysulfone Host Matrix: A Flexible Film with Temperature‐Responsive Ratiometric Behaviour
Authors: Outis Mani , Leal João P. , Avó João , Monteiro Bernardo , Pereira Cláudia C. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn emissive europium(III) complex [C2mim][Eu(fod)4] (1; C2mim=1‐ethyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium; fod=1,1,1,2,2,3,3‐heptafluoro‐7,7‐dimethyloctane‐4,6‐dionate) was prepared. The complex shows ratiometric thermal behaviour up to 155 °C. These unusual temperature‐dependent properties arise from a solid‐solid phase transition that promotes increased contact between the anion and the cation, affecting the emission profile of the emissive anion in two different ratiometric relations. A ultrabright and flexible emissive photopolymer film was obtained using polysulfone (PSU) as the host matrix of 10 % (w/w) of 1, that also induced changes on the lanthanide emissive profile with temperature. A temperature‐responsive luminescent film 1/PSU is sensitivr to heating between 100 and 155 °C. Also, the emission lifetime of 1 was not affected by confinement in PSU, while its emission quantum yield was reduced from 82 to 59 %.
Novel Arylazo‐1,2,5‐oxadiazole Photoswitches: Synthesis, Photoisomerization and Nitric Oxide Releasing Properties
Authors: Zhilin Egor S. , Polkovnichenko Michael S. , Ananyev Ivan V. , Fershtat Leonid L. , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Laboratory of Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds at the Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIOC RAS; Russia). The image shows a metronome which symbolizes the ability of arylazofuroxans to switch between two isomers with significantly different NO donor ability. The switching process can be easily tuned by visible light or elevated temperature. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cptc.2020000157.
Optimal analog‐to‐digital transformation of fractional‐order Butterworth filter using binomial series expansion with Al‐Alaoui operator
Authors: Mahata Shibendu , Kar Rajib , Mandal Durbadal 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis paper deals with the optimal analog‐to‐digital transformation of fractional‐order Butterworth filter (FOBF) in terms of infinite impulse response templates. The fractional‐order transfer function of the analog FOBF is transformed into its digital counterpart by employing the Binomial series expansion of different truncation orders, based on the Al‐Alaoui operator. This nonoptimal solution is then treated as an initial point for a local search optimizer such as the Nelder–Mead simplex (NMS) algorithm and also injected as a super‐fit individual in the initial population of a global search constrained evolutionary optimization algorithm (CEOA). Design stability and minimum‐phase response constraints are formulated for the super‐fit scheme. Both the techniques demonstrate good modeling performance; however, the super‐fit CEOA can markedly outperform the NMS method as the problem dimensionality increases.
Task scheduling approaches in fog computing: A systematic review
Authors: Alizadeh Mohammad Reza , Khajehvand Vahid , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Akbari Ebrahim 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) interconnects billions of physical objects to collect and exchange information and makes available various applications. Despite all the advantages of the IoT, some of its applications are not feasible because of the existing restrictions in the IoT sensors. To overcome these restrictions, cloud computing has been developed in recent years. Although cloud computing has removed some of these restrictions, the cloud itself has faced some other challenges. One of these challenges is the distance between the cloud and the end‐devices, which is not ideal for delay‐sensitive applications and also leads to high communication costs and security problems. To handle these challenges, the fog computing has been introduced in literature, which places the resources and services at the edge of the network, close to the end‐devices. On the other hand, fog nodes suffer from heterogeneity, uncertainty, and dispersion of resources, and also processing, storage, and memory limitations. Thus, there is need for a proper task scheduling approach to use these resources optimally. In this study, the task scheduling algorithms proposed by different researchers for the cloud‐fog environment, their advantages and disadvantages, and also various tools and issues regarding the scheduling methods and their restrictions were discussed. The results indicated that about 58% of the scheduling algorithms use static scheduling and that the other 42% use dynamic scheduling, and the delay metric is the most noteworthy parameter considered in most studies with a share of nearly 17%. Finally, we identified the open issues related to the task scheduling based on cloud‐fog computing and provided some directions for future works.
Intense pulsed light for the treatment of pigmented and vascular disorders and lesions: A review
Authors: Fischer Daniel L. , Han Haowei , Gade Anita , Nestor Mark S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntense pulsed light (IPL) technology has evolved since its first introduction to the market in the 1990s. The underlying mechanism, similar to that of lasers, involves selective thermal damage to specific targets. IPL uses flashlamps and bandpass filters to emit pulsed light of adjustable wavelengths, fluences, and pulse durations. These features contribute to its versatility in treating a wide range of dermatological conditions.AimsThe purpose of this review is to highlight the history, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of IPL in treating pigmented and vascular lesions, and to present a comparison of commonly‐used IPL devices available to the market.Materials and MethodsA literature search was conducted using electronic databases (Medline, Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, EBSCO) and textbooks, in addition to the authors’ clinical experience on IPL therapy, and findings are presented here.ResultsStudies have demonstrated IPL to be an efficacious and safe modality for treating a variety of pigmented and vascular disorders and lesions, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, ephelides and solar lentigines, telangiectasias, port‐wine stains, poikiloderma of Civatte, rosacea, hemangiomas, venous malformations, and is comparable to other standard therapeutic options. Literature is supportive yet limited due to small sample sizes and short follow‐up periods.DiscussionThe adaptability and affordability of IPL often deem it a favorable primary or adjunctive option for treating benign pigmented and vascular skin lesions. IPL technology has evolved over time and modern devices are similar in both efficacy and side effect profile.
Optimal sampling design for spatial capture–recapture
Authors: Dupont Gates , Royle J. Andrew , Nawaz Muhammad Ali , Sutherland Chris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture (SCR) has emerged as the industry standard for estimating population density by leveraging information from spatial locations of repeat encounters of individuals. The precision of density estimates depends fundamentally on the number and spatial configuration of traps. Despite this knowledge, existing sampling design recommendations are heuristic and their performance remains untested for most practical applications. To address this issue, we propose a genetic algorithm that minimizes any sensible, criteria‐based objective function to produce near‐optimal sampling designs. To motivate the idea of optimality, we compare the performance of designs optimized using three model‐based criteria related to the probability of capture. We use simulation to show that these designs outperform those based on existing recommendations in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy in the estimation of population size. Our approach, available as a function in the R package oSCR, allows conservation practitioners and researchers to generate customized and improved sampling designs for wildlife monitoring.
Linking bacterial diversity to floral identity in the bumble bee pollen basket
Authors: Sookhan Nicholas , Lorenzo Antonio , Tatsumi Shinichi , Yuen Mandy , MacIvor J. Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultitrophic interactions are ubiquitous in nature and form the basis of biodiversity. For example, bumble bees visit flowers to collect pollen, on which a variety of bacteria exist. Such bacteria consist of pathogens and mutualists and therefore have consequences for bumble bee colony fitness. However, we still know little about how plant diversity and floral selection by bees translate into the bacterial diversity and composition on the pollen consumed by important pollinators. The aim of this study was to characterize the bacterial and floral alpha and beta diversity from bumble bee corbicula (pollen baskets), identify core communities, and characterize their functional role. We found that bacterial alpha diversity (i.e., the diversity of bacteria determined from the pollen basket of a single bumble bee) was positively correlated with floral pollen alpha diversity (i.e., the diversity of plants from that same pollen basket). Bacterial beta diversity (i.e., bacterial composition) was generally weakly correlated with pollen beta diversity (i.e., floral composition). The abundance of some bacterial genera and pollen families was correlated, specificallyLactobacillusandAcinetobacterwere positively correlated with Asteraceae pollen and negatively correlated with Lamiaceae pollen. The most widespread bacteria (the “core OTU”) in bumble bee pollen baskets included both possibly beneficial (Lactobacillus) and potentially pathogenic (Pseudomonas) taxa, but more core OTU functions were unknown vs. known for bumble bees, illustrating the importance of understanding bee–flower–microbe relationships in natural settings.
Analysis of proton and electron transport impedance of a PEM fuel cell in H2/N2 regime
Authors: Kulikovsky Andrei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnalytical expressions for impedance of proton and electron transport in the cathode catalyst layer of a PEM fuel cell operating in H/N regime are derived. In the high–frequency range, the dependence of imaginary part of impedance on is a straight line with the slope depending on the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) proton and electron conductivity. The characteristic frequencies of proton and electron transport associated with the double layer charging are close to each other (denoted below as ). The frequency in the cathodes of various type may differ by three orders of magnitude. DRT spectrum of CCL impedance in H2/N2 regime shows two peaks located at the frequencies and . The second frequency of electron transport in the CCL is about four times higher than . Analytical results can be used for simultaneous measurement of proton and electron conductivity of PEMFC cathodes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Birth of Homo erectus
Authors: Wood Bernard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEugène Dubois was the pioneer of human origins research in South‐East Asia, specifically on two of the islands, Sumatra and Java, now included in Indonesia. Dubois was a polymath, whose research interests embraced encephalization and hydrology as well as paleoanthropology. His interpretations of the hominin fossil evidence he collected, which he eventually assigned to Pithecanthropus erectus, changed over the years, and he evidently felt defensive about those interpretations, but in his 1894 paper he presents cogent reasons for his decision. The taxon he introduced is still recognized, and while it is no longer seen as “the” link between fossil apes and modern humans, it is currently one of the longest surviving hominin taxa.
Forecasting Baden‐Württemberg's GDP growth: MIDAS regressions versus dynamic mixed‐frequency factor models
Authors: Kuck Konstantin , Schweikert Karsten 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGermany's economic composition is heterogenous across regions, which makes regional economic projections based on German gross domestic product (GDP) growth unreliable. In this paper, we develop forecasting models for Baden‐Württemberg's economic growth, a regional economy that is dominated by small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises with a strong focus on foreign trade. For this purpose, we evaluate the backcasting and nowcasting performance of mixed data sampling (MIDAS) regressions with forecast combinations against an approximate dynamic mixed‐frequency factor model. Considering a wide range of regional, national, and global predictors, we find that our high‐dimensional models outperform benchmark time series models. Surprisingly, we also find that combined forecasts based on simple single‐predictor MIDAS regressions are able to outperform forecasts from more sophisticated dynamic factor models.