bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Configuration and Field Experiments for the Photovoltaic System of a Solar-Powered Hose-Drawn Traveler
Authors: Li Dan , Zhu Delan , Ge Maosheng , Wu Shoujun , Wang Ruixin , Wang Bin , Wu Yamei , Yang Yalin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. High energy consumption is one of the disadvantages of hose-drawn travelers due to the use of water turbines. This study proposes a photovoltaic-powered electric motor instead of a water turbine to achieve high transmission efficiency. A stand-alone photovoltaic generation system (PVGS) was designed for a hose-drawn traveler. To achieve cost savings, a sizing optimization model was built for the PVGS. In the optimization model, the minimum annual cost of the system, which includes the initial capital, replacement, installation, operation, and maintenance costs, is taken as the objective function. The constraints include the battery’s state of charge (SOC) and the power supply reliability, which is composed of the load loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and the energy excess percentage (EXC). The total power produced by the PV panels and the total battery capacity are the decision variables. The optimization model of the PVGS is solved through a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on a penalty function. The model is then applied to calculate the optimal configuration of a JP75-300 hose-drawn traveler. Comparisons between the optimal configuration and other six configuration schemes were conducted to verify the optimal solution results. Furthermore, field experiments were performed to test the performance. Finally, the effects of meteorological conditions, driving velocity, and LPSP on the optimal configuration and the annual cost of the PVGS are discussed. The results show that the optimal configuration of this PVGS are 432 W total power from PV panels and 172 Ah total battery capacity, and the optimization model results are the optimal configuration based on comparisons. The optimal configuration met the power requirements of the hose-drawn traveler for four days of field experiments, indicating that the optimal configuration is feasible.HighlightsA photovoltaic-powered electric motor instead of a water turbine was used for high transmission efficiency.An optimization model was built to define the optimal configuration of the photovoltaic generation system (PVGS).The optimal configuration decreased the annual cost of the PVGS while ensuring power supply reliability.Meteorological conditions, driving velocity, and LPSP are key factors affecting the annual cost of the PVGS. Keywords: Driving power requirements, Field experiments, Hose-drawn traveler, Optimization model, Particle swarm optimization, Photovoltaic generation system.
Inundation Patterns of Farmed Pothole Depressions with Varying Subsurface Drainage
Authors: Martin Alexander , Kaleita Amy L. , Soupir Michelle L. 
Published: January 2020

HighlightsFarmed pothole depressions in the Des Moines Lobe were observed to fill due to runoff and shallow subsurface flow.Six of the eight observed potholes flooded for five or more days some time during the two years of observation.Subsurface drainage and surface inlets reduced but did not prevent yield-limiting flooding in the observed potholes. Abstract. The prairie pothole region (PPR) ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to arable agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes will pond or have saturated soil conditions during and after significant rain events. The portion of the PPR that extends into Iowa is known as the Des Moines Lobe. In this two-year study, surface water depth data were collected hourly from eight prairie potholes in the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa to determine the surface water hydrology. These potholes included surface and subsurface drained row crops and undrained retired land, allowing for drainage comparisons. Inundation lasted five or more days at least once at six of the eight potholes, including four potholes with surface inlets and subsurface drainage, which resulted in four of fourteen growing seasons not producing a yield in part of the pothole. Water balances of four different drainage intensities showed increased infiltration due to subsurface drainage and up to 78% of outflow due to surface inlet drainage. Overall, drainage decreased the number of average inundation days, but heavy precipitation events still caused lengthy inundation periods that resulted in crop loss. Keywords: Farmed wetlands, Prairie pothole, Tile drainage, Water balance.
Effects of Copper, Manganese, and Glucose on the Induction of Ligninolytic Enzymes Produced by Pleurotus ostreatus during Fungal Pretreatment of Switchgrass
Authors: Slavens Shelyn , Marek Stephen   M. , Wilkins Mark  R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. produces laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) to selectively degrade lignin and can be used as a biological pretreatment of lignocellulose biomass to enhance ethanol production. Exogenous copper and manganese have been reported to increase production of laccase and MnP, respectively. The effects of supplementing copper, manganese, or glucose to switchgrass inoculated with on ligninolytic enzyme activity were evaluated. Solutions of copper, manganese, glucose, or water were added with and without fungal inoculum at 75% moisture for 40 d at 28°C. Ligninolytic enzyme activities and biomass compositions were determined after the pretreatments. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentations (SSF) were conducted with the pretreated biomass. There were no significant differences between the supplement solutions on laccase activity, but MnP activities in copper-treated samples were significantly reduced. Fungal-pretreated samples had significantly less glucan, xylan, and lignin recoveries and significantly greater extractable sugars than non-inoculated controls. Ethanol yields during SSF corresponded with lignin degradation in the fungal-inoculated samples. Water-treated (control solution), fungal-inoculated samples showed the greatest lignin degradation and ethanol yields, while the copper-treated, fungal-inoculated samples had the lowest lignin degradation and ethanol yield. Manganese-treated and glucose-treated, fungal-inoculated samples had similar intermediate lignin contents and ethanol yields. Ethanol yield during SSF was significantly increased by fungal pretreatment compared to no pretreatment. Water alone was more effective than the copper, manganese, and glucose solutions added to the fungal pretreatments. Fungal pretreatment with provided significant lignin degradation to increase ethanol yield from switchgrass biomass. Keywords: Bioenergy, Biological pretreatment, Lignin.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow through Standing Vegetation
Authors: Gonzales Howell B. , Tatarko John , Casada Mark E. , Maghirang Ronaldo G. , Hagen Lawrence J. , Barden Charles J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Maintaining vegetative cover on the soil surface is the most widely used method for control of soil loss by wind erosion. We numerically modeled airflow through artificial standing vegetation (i.e., simulated wheat plants) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A solver (simpleFoam within the OpenFOAM software architecture) was used to simulate airflow through various three-dimensional (3D) canopy structures in a wind tunnel, which were created using another open-source CAD geometry software (Salomé ver. 7.2). This study focused on two specific objectives: (1) model airflow through standing vegetation using CFD, and (2) compare the results of a previous wind tunnel study with various artificial vegetation configurations to the results of the CFD model. Wind speeds measured in the wind tunnel experiment differed slightly from the numerical simulation using CFD, especially near positions where simulated vegetation was present. Effective drag coefficients computed using wind profiles did not differ significantly (p &lt;0.05) between the experimental and simulated results. Results of this study will provide information for research into other types of simulated stubble or sparse vegetation during wind erosion events.HighlightsMeasured airflow through a simulated canopy was successfully modeled using CFD software.Effective drag coefficients did not differ between the experimental and simulated results.Results of this study provide 3-D simulation data of wind flow through a plant canopy. Keywords: 3-D canopy structure, OpenFOAM, Wind erosion, Wind tunnel studies.
Geometric morphometrics as a tool for three species identification of the firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in Thailand
Authors: SUMRUAYPHOL SUCHADA , Chaiphongpachara Tanawat 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T, Sumruayphol S. 2019. Geometric morphometrics as a tool for three species identification of the firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 2388-2395. Firefly is an insect belonging to the Lampyridae family that is important to the ecosystem, generates income from tourism in the area and act as a biological control for snail, an intermediate hosts of trematode parasites. Some types of the firefly, it is difficult to distinguish the species using standard methods because of similarities in morphology while the external characteristics of specimens are damaged during collection, presenting an obstacle to species identification. This study used geometric morphometrics (GM) for identification of firefly species. Samples collection was conducted in the rainy season from August to October 2015 in three districts of Samut Songkham province, Thailand. A total of 200 and 157 fireflies from 3 genera and four species, including Luciola aquatilis Thancharoen, Pteroptyx valida Olivier, Pteroptyx malaccae Gorham and Pyrocoelia praetexta Olivier were used for landmark-based and outline-based GM analysis, respectively. The results showed that both types of GM analysis produced similar results, size variation between two firefly pairs was not statistically significant, including female L. aquatilis with male P. praetexta, and female P. valida with male P. valida. Both landmark-based and outline-based GM methods can distinguish the shape for each type of firefly with high accuracy, especially the outline-based GM method. This result was supported by reclassification scores. According to our findings, the GM can be used to separate species of firefly with high efficiency. Therefore, this GM method represents one way of overcoming difficulties with firefly identification and can support future studies of fireflies.
A história de frei Genebro segundo a estética do pormenor
Authors: Siqueira Ana Marcia Alves 
Published: January 2020

Eça de Queirós impulsionado por circunstancialismos histórico literários, como a apreciação da tradição medievale a influência da pressão exercida por um espírito finissecular saturado da ciência e da civilização, cultivou, além do conto realista, contos inspirados no modelo tradicional da literatura oral com intuito pedagógico, aproximando-os da modernidade, através da inovação. Nessas composições, a estruturação tradicional passa a ser diluída em uma arquitetura narrativa apoiada no implícito, indiciado por diferentes recursos estilísticos e estratégias discursivas, como o uso do pormenor, da adjetivação sugestiva e de elementos da natureza de forma simbólica, efetivados por meio de uma fina ironia, que se relacionam, por sua vez, a uma temática recorrente na produção do autor: a oposição entre homem e natureza. A análise do conto “As Histórias. Frei Genebro” discute, pois, como a estratégia sutil que coloca em cena um elemento altamente significativo, nomeada como “estética do pormenor” (REIS, 2000), aliada ao modo de desenvolvimento dos recursos estéticos elencados revelam o objetivo crítico implícitopautado na reflexão sobre o homem e sua capacidade analítica interior. A argúcia crítica de Eça mira o passado para refletir sobre o homem – do passado e do presente – em suas idiossincrasias e fraquezas. A despeito da atemporalidade da questão, a recriação da matéria é sempre perpassada pelo espírito de seu tempo e pela ironia característica do autor, exigindo uma leitura atenta e ativa. Assim, nossa discussão a respeito do pormenor, da ironia e da análise interior do personagemapoiam-se em Barthes (2011), Reis (2000), Duarte (2006), Brait (2008) e Alves (2009).
Presentation and Characteristics of Abdominal Pain Vary by Irritable Bowel Syndrome Subtype: Results of a Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Shah Eric D. , Almario Christopher V. , Spiegel Brennan M. , Chey William D. 
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Abdominal pain is a cardinal feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, differences in abdominal pain among IBS subtypes remain unknown. We aimed to characterize abdominal pain symptoms among established IBS subtypes using data from the National Gastrointestinal (GI) Survey.

METHODS:
Individuals participating in the National GI Survey completed National Institutes of Health GI Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (GI-PROMIS) questionnaires. Adults meeting modified Rome III IBS criteria and reporting abdominal pain in the previous 7 days were eligible. Outcomes included abdominal pain severity, bothersomeness, interference with daily activities, frequency, and location. Results were stratified by subtype (diarrhea [IBS-D], constipation [IBS-C], and mixed [IBS-M]). Regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities.

RESULTS:
One thousand one hundred fifty-eight individuals (245 IBS-D, 232 IBS-C, and 681 IBS-M) with active IBS symptoms (defined as abdominal pain in the past 7 days) were included. Demographics were similar among the subtypes except for age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. The GI-PROMIS score was lower for IBS-D (percentile score of 68.6, SD = 25.1; P = 0.001) and IBS-M (69.1, SD = 25.1; P < 0.001) compared with IBS-C (75.5, SD = 20.7). Abdominal pain was more bothersome (P = 0.001), caused more interference with daily activities (P = 0.03), and was more frequent (P = 0.047) for individuals with IBS-C compared with individuals with IBS-D. No differences in these domains were seen between individuals with IBS-D and IBS-M. Individuals with IBS-C and IBS-M had more widespread pain compared with those with IBS-D.

DISCUSSION:
In this population-based study, we found that abdominal pain characteristics differ between the IBS subtypes. Namely, individuals with IBS-C experience more bothersome, frequent, and diffuse abdominal pain compared with those with IBS-D.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Authors: Shah Ayesha , Talley Nicholas J. , Jones Mike , Kendall Bradley J. , Koloski Natasha , Walker Marjorie M. , Morrison Mark , Holtmann Gerald J. 
Published: January 2020

INTRODUCTION:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and controls.

METHODS:
Electronic databases were searched up to December 2018 for studies reporting SIBO prevalence in patients with IBS. Prevalence rates, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SIBO in patients with IBS and controls were calculated.

RESULTS:
We included 25 studies with 3,192 patients with IBS and 3,320 controls. SIBO prevalence in patients with IBS was significantly increased compared with controls (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.3–6.0). In studies using only healthy controls, the OR for SIBO in patients with IBS was 4.9 (95% CI 2.8–8.6). With breath testing, SIBO prevalence in patients with IBS was 35.5% (95% CI 33.6–37.4) vs 29.7% (95% CI 27.6–31.8) in controls. Culture-based studies yielded a SIBO prevalence of 13.9% (95% CI 11.5–16.4) in patients with IBS and 5.0% (95% CI 3.9–6.2) in controls with a cutoff value of 105 colony-forming units per milliliter vs 33.5% (95% CI 30.1–36.9) in patients with IBS and 8.2% (95% CI 6.8–9.6) in controls with a cutoff value of 103 colony-forming unit per milliliter, respectively. SIBO prevalence diagnosed by lactulose breath test is much greater in both patients with IBS (3.6-fold) and controls (7.6-fold) compared with glucose breath test. Similar difference is seen when lactulose breath test is compared with culture methods. OR for SIBO in patients with IBS-diarrhea compared with IBS-constipation was 1.86 (95% CI 1.83–2.8). Methane-positive breath tests were significantly more prevalent in IBS-constipation compared with IBS-diarrhea (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.2–4.2). In patients with IBS, proton pump inhibitor was not associated with SIBO (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.5–1.5, P = 0.55).

DISCUSSION:
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests a link between IBS and SIBO. However, the overall quality of the evidence is low. This is mainly due to substantial “clinical heterogeneity” due to lack of uniform selection criteria for cases and controls and limited sensitivity and specificity of the available diagnostic tests.
A “Kissing-Stents” Technique in the Management of Afferent Limb Syndrome With Concomitant Efferent Limb Obstruction in a Patient With Gastric Cancer and Billroth II Anatomy
Authors: Elamin Sami , Stein Daniel , Cohen Jonah 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The “kissing-stents” technique has been used in endovascular interventions for the management of aortic and arterial stenosis at bifurcation sites. However, to our knowledge, the use of this technique to prevent stent migration in endoscopy has not been described to date. We present a 65-year-old man with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma status post-Billroth II gastrojejunostomy complicated by simultaneous afferent and efferent limb syndrome with gastric outlet obstruction and biliary dilatation. Two uncovered metal stents were used to relieve the afferent and efferent loop obstructions. These 2 stents were anchored together in a “kissing-stents” technique and using a clip to prevent migration. The patient was able to resume oral intake, and his liver function tests improved. This intervention should be considered in other cases of advanced malignancies causing obstructions for curative or palliative intent.
Optimization of Biogas Electrical Power Generation using Neuro-Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Oluwaseun Araoye Timothy , Onyeamaechi Alor Michael , Sunday Okika Stephen 
Published: January 2020

Biogas electrical power generation is a renewable energy which originated from biological materials. The technology design and model power system that predict and control the generation of biogas Electrical production. This research paper develops a Neuro-fuzzy controller model for generation of Biogas power production. A Neuro-fuzzy controller is design to the Biogas power system in order to improve the power quality delivery to the load. The set of 27 rules are written for proper training of biogas electrical data in the neural network. The training is used to control signal of the Biogas Power output of the system. The output of Neural Network unit is given as input to the de-fuzzification unit and the linguistic variables are converted back into the crisp form. Therefore the algorithm was designed to decide power supply to the load as to improve the performance of the biogas system using MATLAB/SIMULINK and Neuro-fuzzy model was developed for easy input of the data. The result shows that biogas electrical power output increased by 4.39kw, which is 54.8% increase when Neuro-fuzzy controller is incorporated. The improvement in the system is due to the training of input parameters of the biogas generated. The result obtained shows that there is Real Power improvement in Biogas system when Neuro-fuzzy is incorporated in the system model
Pyoderma gangrenosum underrepresentation in non-dermatological literature
Authors: Reese Ashley M. , Haag Carter K. , Jung Enjae , Nauta Allison C. , Swerlick Robert A. , Ortega-Loayza Alex G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic, ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis. PG presents a diagnostic challenge, largely due to the many mimicking diseases, the lack of confirmatory laboratory or biological markers, and the absence of widely accepted diagnostic criteria. In particular, PG is often mistaken for necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI).

Methods
We reviewed four major textbooks each in general surgery, plastic surgery, trauma surgery, vascular surgery, emergency medicine, and dermatology. We also performed a search of review articles addressing NSTI and necrotizing fasciitis (NF).

Results
Ten out of the 20 non-dermatology textbooks did not list PG anywhere, and only two listed a differential diagnosis for PG. None of the non-dermatology textbooks indicated PG in the NSTI differential diagnosis, while three of the dermatology textbooks included PG in the NSTI differential diagnosis. PG was listed in all of the dermatology textbooks. Only one of the NSTI and NF articles mentioned PG in the differential diagnosis.

Conclusions
There is an underrepresentation in major textbooks of surgery and emergency medicine and in NSTI and NF review articles when it comes to diagnosing PG. This might be leading to trainees and advanced providers in these fields being uninstructed on PG, and likely contributes to PG misdiagnosis and mismanagement. We recommend PG be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic ulcers and NSTI in non-dermatology textbooks. We also suggest adding identification and diagnosis of inflammatory mimickers of NSTI (e.g. PG) in teaching modules in surgical and emergency specialties to address this knowledge gap.
Seismotectonics of Malatya Fault, Eastern Turkey
Authors: Acarel Diğdem , Cambaz Musavver Didem , Turhan Fatih , Mutlu Ahu Kömeç , Polat Remzi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTurkey is located in a seismically active region with a complex tectonic history. In order to perform seismic risk assessment precisely, major fault zones (North Anatolian Fault Zone and East Anatolian Fault Zone) that are well defined are monitored continuously. It is a widely known fact that intraplate settings, such as Anatolian Plate, in which devastating earthquakes may occur, need to be observed densely. In this study, we investigate the seismotectonics of Malatya Fault within the Malatya Ovacık Fault Zone (MOFZ), which is one of the major agents responsible for internal deformation acting on Anatolian Plate. Recent geological and paleoseismological studies underline the necessity of comprehending the seismicity and latency of a major earthquake in this fault zone.We applied traditional techniques to investigate data of such a region. Earthquakes that occured in the vicinity of Malatya Fault between the years 2011 and mid-2019 are employed in a detailed analysis. The results of this study are constrained by the distribution of sensor networks in the region, yet allowing to define an active structure which is not included in the active fault map of Turkey, therefore, making a significant contribution to seismic hazard estimation.