bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using American Community Survey Data to Improve Estimates from Smaller U.S. Surveys Through Bivariate Small Area Estimation Models
Authors: Franco Carolina , Bell William R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate the potential for borrowing strength from estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS), the largest US household survey, to improve estimates from smaller US household surveys. We do this using simple bivariate area-level models to exploit strong relationships between population characteristics estimated by the smaller surveys and ACS estimates of the same, or closely related, quantities. We illustrate this idea with two applications. The first shows impressive variance reductions for state estimates of health insurance coverage from the National Health Interview Survey when modeling these jointly with corresponding ACS estimates. The second application shows impressive variance reductions in ACS one-year county estimates of poverty of school-aged children from modeling these jointly with previous ACS five-year county estimates of school-age poverty. Simple theoretical calculations show how the amount of variance reduction depends on characteristics of the underlying data. In our applications, we examine three alternative bivariate models, starting with a simple bivariate Gaussian model. Since our applications involve modeling proportions, we also examine a bivariate binomial logit normal model, and an unmatched model that combines the Gaussian sampling model with the bivariate logit normal model for the population proportions. Given the strong relationships between the population characteristics estimated by the smaller surveys and the corresponding ACS estimates, and the low levels of sampling error in the ACS estimates, the models achieve large variance reductions even without using regression covariates drawn from auxiliary data sources.
Module 2: Special Time and Pleasant Activities Scheduling
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During Module 2, parents increase pleasant activities with their child and on their own. Parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often get caught in the cycle of giving more corrective/negative feedback than positive feedback. This negative feedback loop can impact the parent–child relationship, the child’s behavior, and the parent’s mood. By the time they seek treatment, parents often say that they find it hard to enjoy time with their child. You will instill hope that, by using “Special Time,” the parent can begin to enjoy time with their child again and ultimately improve their relationship. In addition, parent participation in scheduled pleasant activities (away from their child and work/family demands) is emphasized as necessary to effectively parent a challenging child. Over the course of the program, one overarching goal is to help parents prioritize their self-care, for the sake of their own mental health and their family’s well-being.
Module 3: Maintaining a Consistent Schedule and Time Management
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Module 3, parents learn to develop and maintain a consistent household schedule and daily routines for their child and themselves. All children benefit from consistency, but children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be especially reactive when their environment is unpredictable or chaotic. External structure can scaffold the child with ADHD’s own sense of organization. In many families, parents of children with ADHD struggle with executive function or attention difficulties themselves. Teaching parents to implement a consistent daily schedule and to more effectively manage their time can reduce the parental stress that can contribute to harsh or negative parenting and poor parent–child relationship. In this module, you will work with parents on the basics of scheduling and time management, with the goal of creating a more organized and harmonious household.
Module 4: Praise and Changing Your Thinking to Feel Better
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During Module 4, parents learn to praise their child to increase appropriate and desirable behaviors. They also learn that their own automatic thoughts about their child, parenting, and self can influence how they feel and behave. By learning common thinking errors and how to challenge them, parents develop an important skill that can help them with emotion regulation and improved mood, which can in turn affect their parenting. Parents will also be able to increase their sense of control by learning the thoughts-feelings-behaviors connection. Although parents cannot always control a situation, they can learn to respond in new ways. Toward this end, specific strategies for increasing helpful and constructive thinking and decreasing negative or unhelpful thinking (particularly in relation to their parenting and child) will be taught in this module. As parents establish new ways of thinking, different feelings and actions will follow.
Module 5: Planned Ignoring and Relaxation Skills
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
During Module 5, parents learn differential attention skills for handling minor misbehaviors. They learn the benefits of active ignoring to reduce negative attention and to improve interactions with their child by focusing attention relatively more on positive versus negative child behavior. This will help parents to develop a proactive (rather than reactive) plan for those behaviors they will actively ignore and a clear understanding of why ignoring is the most effective strategy for those behaviors. However, some parents may be particularly reactive and have difficulty managing their own emotions when their child is behaving in a way the parent finds annoying or otherwise upsetting. Thus, in Module 5, parents also learn relaxation and mindfulness skills to help them be less reactive to child misbehavior and more successful with active ignoring.
Module 6: Assertiveness, Effective Commands, and House Rules
Authors: Chronis-Tuscano Andrea , O’Brien Kelly , Danko Christina M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In Module 6, parents learn about assertiveness and how to apply assertiveness skills to improve communication with others. An assertive (or authoritative) parenting style, characterized by giving effective commands and setting house rules, provides both nurturance and structure. The assertive parent follows through with healthy boundaries in a calm and effective manner. Parents also need to use assertiveness skills when they communicate with their child’s school, their partner/co-parent, and extended family members. In addition, parents’ success with self-care requires asserting their own needs (e.g., saying “no” to additional obligations), following through with needed changes, and challenging the beliefs (thoughts) about holding others accountable or asking for help. Given the large influence of social interactions on mood, assertiveness skills can have significant benefits for a parent’s overall interpersonal functioning across domains of family and work.
Interprofessional team building and case management
Authors: Flaherty Ellen , Halnon Michaela , Fulmer Terry 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Interprofessional team care (ITC) and case management are essential to achieve the best patient-centred outcomes for complicated older adults with multiple comorbidities. Case management in geriatrics refers to a process of care coordination. Caring for complex geriatric patients with multiple chronic conditions requires the development and implementation of individualized, coordinated plans of care. Such plans of care often call for further evaluation, treatment, referrals, and patient or caregiver education, or both. Typically, this care coordination occurs in an interprofessional team of geriatric healthcare providers—which may include physicians, geriatric nurses, pharmacists, psychiatrists, therapists, and social workers. The components of good team care include effective communication, conflict resolution, understanding and respecting team member’s and responsibilities, and team governance. Formal training is necessary to achieve these skills. Providing efficient and effective team care is both challenging and critical in an environment of accountable care with a burgeoning over-85 population.
Post-transcriptional control of cellular differentiation by the RNA exosome complex
Authors: Fraga de Andrade Isabela , Mehta Charu , Bresnick Emery H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Given the complexity of intracellular RNA ensembles and vast phenotypic remodeling intrinsic to cellular differentiation, it is instructive to consider the role of RNA regulatory machinery in controlling differentiation. Dynamic post-transcriptional regulation of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts is vital for establishing and maintaining proteomes that enable or oppose differentiation. By contrast to extensively studied transcriptional mechanisms governing differentiation, many questions remain unanswered regarding the involvement of post-transcriptional mechanisms. Through its catalytic activity to selectively process or degrade RNAs, the RNA exosome complex dictates the levels of RNAs comprising multiple RNA classes, thereby regulating chromatin structure, gene expression and differentiation. Although the RNA exosome would be expected to control diverse biological processes, studies to elucidate its biological functions and how it integrates into, or functions in parallel with, cell type-specific transcriptional mechanisms are in their infancy. Mechanistic analyses have demonstrated that the RNA exosome confers expression of a differentiation regulatory receptor tyrosine kinase, downregulates the telomerase RNA component TERC, confers genomic stability and promotes DNA repair, which have considerable physiological and pathological implications. In this review, we address how a broadly operational RNA regulatory complex interfaces with cell type-specific machinery to control cellular differentiation.
Flexizyme-aminoacylated shortened tRNAs demonstrate that only the aminoacylated acceptor arms of the two tRNA substrates are required for cyclodipeptide synthase activity
Authors: Canu Nicolas , Tellier Carine , Babin Morgan , Thai Robert , Ajel Inès , Seguin Jérôme , Cinquin Olivier , Vinck Robin , Moutiez Mireille , Belin Pascal , Cintrat Jean-Christophe , Gondry Muriel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) use two aminoacyl-tRNAs (AA-tRNAs) to catalyse cyclodipeptide formation in a ping-pong mechanism. Despite intense studies of these enzymes in past years, the tRNA regions of the two substrates required for CDPS activity are poorly documented, mainly because of two limitations. First, previously studied CDPSs use two identical AA-tRNAs to produce homocyclodipeptides, thus preventing the discriminative study of the binding of the two substrates. Second, the range of tRNA analogues that can be aminoacylated by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is limited. To overcome the limitations, we studied a new model CDPS that uses two different AA-tRNAs to produce an heterocyclodipeptide. We also developed a production pipeline for the production of purified shortened AA-tRNA analogues (AA-minitRNAs). This method combines the use of flexizymes to aminoacylate a diversity of minitRNAs and their subsequent purifications by anion-exchange chromatography. Finally, we were able to show that aminoacylated molecules mimicking the entire acceptor arms of tRNAs were as effective a substrate as entire AA-tRNAs, thereby demonstrating that the acceptor arms of the two substrates are the only parts of the tRNAs required for CDPS activity. The method developed in this study should greatly facilitate future investigations of the specificity of CDPSs and of other AA-tRNAs-utilizing enzymes.
Peginterferon and Entecavir Combination Therapy Improves Outcome of Non–Early Response Hepatitis B e Antigen–Positive Patients
Authors: Chen Lu , Lin Lanyi , Zhou Huijuan , Tang Weiliang , Wang Hui , Cai Wei , Bao Shisan , Guo Simin , Xie Qing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The efficacy of nucleot(s)ide analogs (NAs) and pegylated interferon (PegIFN) combination therapy for hepatitis B e antigen–positive (HBeAg+) patients is still controversial. Whether PegIFN and entecavir (ETV) combination therapy could provide a greater benefit for HBeAg+ patients was assessed.

Methods
Treatment-naïve HBeAg+ patients initiated on PegIFN alfa-2a (PegIFNα-2a) for 24 weeks without early response (early response: HBsAg &lt;1500 IU/mL and hepatitis B virus [HBV] DNA &lt;105 copies/mL) were recruited in the current study. Among total of 94 patients, 51 were continued on PegIFNα-2a monotherapy, and 43 were offered PegIFNα-2a and ETV combined therapy.

Results
Better outcomes in response to the combined therapy, compared with that of the monotherapy, were demonstrated, including more HBsAg decline and loss and HBV DNA decline and HBeAg clearance. Importantly, the patients with HBsAg levels between 1500 and 20 000 IU/mL initially or between 5000 and 20 000 IU/mL after 24 weeks of PegIFNα-2a benefitted more from the combined therapy, compared with those on monotherapy.

Conclusions
Combined therapy of PegIFNα-2a and ETV is more efficacious for HBeAg+ patients without early response to PegIFN monotherapy, and HBsAg levels are a good predictor of treatment outcomes.
Buying Time: The AMR Action Fund and the State of Antibiotic Development in the United States 2020
Authors: Clancy Cornelius J , Nguyen M Hong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global threat, but companies developing antibiotics are failing. Large pharmaceutical companies recently created the AMR Action Fund, which will invest $1 billion in small antibiotic development companies. To understand the state of antibiotic development in the United States, we conducted a case study of new agents against carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Factors contributing to market failures were slow clinical uptake of drugs despite their effectiveness and safety, relatively small numbers of target infections that are insufficient to support existing drugs economically, and an excess of recently approved and pipeline agents with redundant spectra of activity. The AMR Action Fund will provide an immediate lifeline to companies in danger of failing due to an inability to secure investment, but it will not address issues identified in the case study or fix the antibiotic development model or marketplace. The Fund buys time for reforms to salvage antibiotic development.
Staphylococcus intermedius Brain Abscess as a Complication of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Moskatel Leon S , Vo Joslyn N , Nayak Keshav R , Crum-Cianflone Nancy F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Staphylococcus intermedius is a rare cause of human infections ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to bacteremia. It is particularly known for its association with exposure to dogs. We report an unusual case of a 73-year-old female with a brain abscess caused by S intermedius who was recently diagnosed with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. The patient underwent debridement of the brain abscess followed by a 6-week course of vancomycin and rifampin, after which she made a near complete recovery. This is the first case of a brain abscess in an adult due to S intermedius in the published literature, and we provide a comprehensive review of the literature of all human infections caused by this pathogen and summarize its clinical manifestations, treatment recommendations, and outcomes.
Phenology of alpine zooplankton populations and the importance of lake ice-out
Authors: Loria Kelly A , Christianson Kyle R , Johnson Pieter T J 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prolonged ice cover inherent to alpine lakes incurs unique challenges for aquatic life, which are compounded by recent shifts in the timing and duration of ice cover. To understand the responses of alpine zooplankton, we analyzed a decade (2009–2019) of open-water samples of Daphnia pulicaria and Hesperodiaptomus shoshone for growth, reproduction and ultraviolet radiation tolerance. Due to reproductive differences between taxa, we expected clonal cladocerans to exhibit a more rapid response to ice-cover changes relative to copepods dependent on sexual reproduction. For D. pulicaria, biomass and melanization were lowest after ice clearance and increased through summer, whereas fecundity was highest shortly after ice-off. For H. shoshone, biomass and fecundity peaked later but were generally less variable through time. Among years, ice clearance date varied by 49 days; years with earlier ice-out and a longer growing season supported higher D. pulicaria biomass and clutch sizes along with greater H. shoshone fecundity. While these large-bodied, stress tolerant zooplankton taxa were relatively resilient to phenological shifts during the observation period, continued losses of ice cover may create unfavorably warm conditions and facilitate invasion by montane species, emphasizing the value of long-term data in assessing future changes to these sensitive ecosystems.
Evaluating socially engaged climate research: Scientists’ visions of a climate resilient U.S. Southwest
Authors: Owen Gigi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocially engaged science and collaborative research practices offer promising ways to address complex environmental and societal problems like climate variability and climate change. However, it is unclear if and how these types of collaborative knowledge production result in tangible impacts. Drawing from a 6-year evaluation, this article investigates the outcomes and contributions of ten collaborative research projects supported by a federally funded climate research program in the US Southwest. Based on a series of narratives that outline researchers’ objectives, anticipated outcomes are compared to those that emerged over a 6-year period. Results indicate several contributions that the program has made toward raising awareness about climate issues in the US Southwest, increasing capacity to adapt to climate change and climate variability, and building lasting individual and institutional collaborative relationships. However, researchers sometimes envision direct applications of their work, such as informing policy, planning, and decision-making, to be different than what occurred within the 6-year timeframe. Further exploration of these results reveals implicit assumptions in understanding how scientific information translates into use. This article offers insight into how researchers envision their impact, the management and development of a mission-oriented research program, and the use of evaluation to understand how collaborative research contributes to societal and environmental change.
LUNG CANCER LIFETIME RISKS IN COHORT STUDIES OF URANIUM MINERS
Authors: Tomasek Ladislav 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article summarizes the most recent results from the cohorts of uranium miners, particularly the risks at low exposures and the risk models with modifying effects of exposure rate, age and time since exposure, which are used for the calculation of lifetime risks (LRs). The excess relative risks per unit exposure (ERR/WLM) arising from low exposures were found up to 10 times higher than the crude risk coefficients. For studies that reported models with modifying effect of age, time since exposure and exposure rate, LRs were calculated using the BEIR VI projection. These LRs were also calculated for a model with effect modification on the annual exposure rate. The results were prepared for the UNSCEAR report on ‘Lung cancer from exposure to radon.’(1)
Neural reference groups: a synchrony-based classification approach for predicting attitudes using fNIRS
Authors: Dieffenbach Macrina C , Gillespie Grace S R , Burns Shannon M , McCulloh Ian A , Ames Daniel L , Dagher Munqith M , Falk Emily B , Lieberman Matthew D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial neuroscience research has demonstrated that those who are like-minded are also ‘like-brained.’ Studies have shown that people who share similar viewpoints have greater neural synchrony with one another, and less synchrony with people who ‘see things differently.’ Although these effects have been demonstrated at the ‘group level,’ little work has been done to predict the viewpoints of specific ‘individuals’ using neural synchrony measures. Furthermore, the studies that have made predictions using synchrony-based classification at the individual level used expensive and immobile neuroimaging equipment (e.g. functional magnetic resonance imaging) in highly controlled laboratory settings, which may not generalize to real-world contexts. Thus, this study uses a simple synchrony-based classification method, which we refer to as the ‘neural reference groups’ approach, to predict individuals’ dispositional attitudes from data collected in a mobile ‘pop-up neuroscience’ lab. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy data, we predicted individuals’ partisan stances on a sociopolitical issue by comparing their neural timecourses to data from two partisan neural reference groups. We found that partisan stance could be identified at above-chance levels using data from dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that the neural reference groups approach can be used to investigate naturally occurring, dispositional differences anywhere in the world.
Cognitive Subtyping in Schizophrenia: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Lim Keane , Smucny Jason , Barch Deanna M , Lam Max , Keefe Richard S E , Lee Jimmy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia. The subtyping of cognitive performance in schizophrenia may aid the refinement of disease heterogeneity. The literature on cognitive subtyping in schizophrenia, however, is limited by variable methodologies and neuropsychological tasks, lack of validation, and paucity of studies examining longitudinal stability of profiles. It is also unclear if cognitive profiles represent a single linear severity continuum or unique cognitive subtypes. Cognitive performance measured with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia was analyzed in schizophrenia patients (n = 767). Healthy controls (n = 1012) were included as reference group. Latent profile analysis was performed in a schizophrenia discovery cohort (n = 659) and replicated in an independent cohort (n = 108). Longitudinal stability of cognitive profiles was evaluated with latent transition analysis in a 10-week follow-up cohort. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to investigate if cognitive profiles represent a unidimensional structure. A 4-profile solution was obtained from the discovery cohort and replicated in an independent cohort. It comprised of a “less-impaired” cognitive subtype, 2 subtypes with “intermediate cognitive impairment” differentiated by executive function performance, and a “globally impaired” cognitive subtype. This solution showed relative stability across time. CFA revealed that cognitive profiles are better explained by distinct meaningful profiles than a severity linear continuum. Associations between profiles and negative symptoms were observed. The subtyping of schizophrenia patients based on cognitive performance and its associations with symptomatology may aid phenotype refinement, mapping of specific biological mechanisms, and tailored clinical treatments.