bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Approach for External Cephalic Version in Germany
Authors: Kohls Fabian , Gebauer Friederike , Flentje Markus , Brodowski Lars , von Kaisenberg Constantin Sylvius , Jentschke Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroduction Fetal breech presentation at terms occurs in 3 – 6% of pregnancies. External cephalic version can reduce the number of cesarean sections and vaginal breech deliveries. Different approaches are used to carry out external cephalic version. This study looked at the different approaches used in Germany and compared the approach used with the recommendations given in German and international guidelines.Material and Methods An anonymized online survey of 234 hospitals in Germany was carried out in 2018. In addition to asking about hospital structures, questions also focused on how external version was carried out in practice (preparations, tocolysis, anesthetics, etc.), on relative and absolute contraindications and on the success rate.Results 37.2% of the hospitals approached for the survey participated in the study. Of these, 98.8% performed external version procedures. The majority of participating hospitals were university hospitals (26.4%) and maximum care hospitals (35.6%) with an average number of more than 2000 births per year (60.9%). External cephalic version is the preferred (61.7%) obstetrical procedure to deal with breech presentation, rather than vaginal breech birth or primary cesarean section. 45.8% of respondents carry out external version procedures on an outpatient basis, and 42.1% of hospitals perform the procedure as an inpatient intervention, especially from the 37th week of gestation. Prior to performing an external version procedure, 21.6% of surveyed institutions carry out a vaginal examination to evaluate possible fixation of the fetal rump. 95.5% of institutions used fenoterol for tocolytic therapy; the majority using it for continuous tocolysis (70.2%). 1 – 3 attempts at external version (8.4%) were usually carried out by a specific senior physician. In most cases, no analgesics were administered. The reported rate of emergency cesarean sections was very low. The most common indication for emergency C-section was pathological CTG (56,7%). The assessment of relative and absolute contraindications varied, depending on the surveyed hospital. 67.5% asked patients to empty their bladders before carrying out external version, while 10.8% carried out external version when the bladder was filled. The reported success rate was more than 45%. After successful version, only 14.8% of hospitals arranged for patients to wear an abdominal binder. For 32.4%, the decision to apply an abdominal binder was taken on a case-by-case basis.Conclusion The approach used in Germany to carry out external cephalic version is based on the (expired) German guideline on breech presentation. Based on the evidence obtained, a number of individual recommendations should be re-evaluated. More recent international guidelines could be useful to update the standard procedure.
Fetal Growth Restriction – Diagnostic Work-up, Management and Delivery
Authors: Schlembach Dietmar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFetal or intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) affects approximately 5 – 8% of all pregnancies and refers to a fetus not exploiting its genetically determined growth potential. Not only a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, it also predisposes these fetuses to the development of chronic disorders in later life. Apart from the timely diagnosis and identification of the causes of FGR, the obstetric challenge primarily entails continued antenatal management with optimum timing of delivery. In order to minimise premature birth morbidity, intensive fetal monitoring aims to prolong the pregnancy and at the same time intervene, i.e. deliver, before the fetus is threatened or harmed. It is important to note that early-onset FGR (< 32 + 0 weeks of gestation [wks]) should be assessed differently than late-onset FGR (≥ 32 + 0 wks). In early-onset FGR progressive deterioration is reflected in abnormal venous Doppler parameters, while in late-onset FGR this manifests primarily in abnormal cerebral Doppler ultrasound. According to our current understanding, the “optimum” approach for monitoring and timing of delivery in early-onset FGR combines computerized CTG with the ductus venosus Doppler, while in late-onset FGR assessment of the cerebral Doppler parameters becomes more important.
Register Forschungsförderung der Deutschen Gesellschaft der Plastischen, Rekonstruktiven und Ästhetischen Chirurgen (DGPRÄC) und Forschungsförderungsbericht 2019/2020
Authors: Moellhoff N. , Prantl L. , Behr B. , Beier J.P. , Daigeler A. , Dragu A. , Eisenhardt S.U. , Fuchs P.C. , Germann G. , Hirsch T. , Horch R.E. , Infanger M. , Jakubietz R. , Kneser U. , Langer S. , Lehnhardt M. , Machens H.G. , Mailänder P. , Reichert B. , Radtke C. , Schaefer D.J. , Siemers F. , Stark G.B. , Steinau H.U. , Vogt P.M. , Giunta R.E. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Seit 2015/16 werden Forschungsanträge aus Sektionen, Abteilungen und Kliniken für Plastische Chirurgie an den Universitätskliniken Deutschlands durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft der Plastischen, Rekonstruktiven und Ästhetischen Chirurgen (DGPRÄC) gesammelt, ausgewertet und 2-jährlich veröffentlicht. Ziel ist es, dadurch die Forschungsleistung der Plastischen Chirurgen in Deutschland öffentlich sichtbar zu machen, um eine Stärkung der akademischen Forschungsstruktur in Deutschland zu erreichen.
Material und Methoden Die Leiter der universitären Einrichtungen wurden über den Verteiler der DGPRÄC kontaktiert und um Mitteilung der beantragten, in Begutachtung befindlichen, abgelehnten und geförderten Projekte jeglicher öffentlicher, nicht-öffentlicher, industrieller oder anderer Förderinstitute in die eigens dafür erstellte online Datenbank gebeten: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe6F5xmTyw-k7VKJx_2jkPA4LBXsA0sgBGMrC3rx_4bHj6uzQ/viewform?usp=sf_link. Zusätzlich wurden Anträge über die öffentliche Datenbank der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), dem Geförderte Projekte Informationssystem (GEPRIS), identifiziert.
Ergebnisse Eine Gesamtzahl von 41 Förderanträgen aus den öffentlichen Förderinstituten DFG, BMBF, BMWi, BMG und EU konnte identifiziert werden. 75,6 % (31/41) der Anträge waren zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung bereits bewilligt, davon waren 77,4 % (24/31) DFG-, 9,7 % (3/31) BMWi-, 6,5 % (2/31) EU- und je 3,2 % (1/31) BMBF- und BMG-Anträge. Das durchschnittliche Fördervolumen entsprach 358 301 Euro. Die bewilligten DFG-Anträge waren in 50,0 % (12/24) der Fälle ausschließlich bzw. unter anderem dem Fachkollegium 205–27 Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie, rekonstruktive Chirurgie zugeordnet.
Schlussfolgerung Mithilfe der vorgelegten Forschungsförderungsberichte des Konvents der leitenden universitär tätigen Plastischen Chirurgen der DGPRÄC erfolgt die Veröffentlichung der exzellenten gemeinschaftlichen akademischen Forschungsleistung in unserem Fachgebiet.
Airway Considerations in Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Bhagat Hemant , Bloria Summit Dev , Kapil Sonia , Kaloria Narender 
Published: September 2020

AbstractManaging airway in pediatric neurosurgical patients can prove to be challenging. In this article, we wish to touch upon the specific airway considerations to be kept in mind while caring for these patients during neurosurgeries.
Utilização de retalho em hélice para cobertura de lesões de partes moles em membro inferior*
Authors: Valente Adison de Souza , de Borba Denis Ferreira , de Resende Daniel Ribeiro , Resende Meyrelles Rodrigues , Goulart Ricardo Gouvea , Lima Sérgio José de 
Published: September 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o uso de retalho em hélice para cobertura de lesões de partes moles em membro inferior.
Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, de revisão de prontuários e amostra de conveniência, com 14 pacientes operados entre julho de 2018 e junho de 2019. Foram avaliados os seguintes aspectos clínicos: sexo; faixa etária; tipo de lesão; causa da lesão; diagnóstico inicial; local acometido; técnica de incisão e identificação; planejamento cirúrgico; desenho do retalho; pós-operatório; resultado do retalho em hélice; e complicações.
Resultados A amostra era composta por pacientes do sexo masculino (100%), com idade média de 36,4 anos, e 92,7% das lesões eram decorrentes de acidente motociclístico, a maioria do lado direito (71,4%). O planejamento cirúrgico do retalho em hélice seguiu o mesmo procedimento em todos os casos. As complicações pós-cirúrgicas imediatas estavam presentes em 35,7%, e incluíram sangramento excessivo (14,3%), necroses parciais (14,3%), e deiscência do retalho (7,1%). No total, 13 pacientes apresentaram ótima cobertura, e em apenas 1 houve perda do retalho.
Conclusão A técnica do retalho em hélice para a cobertura de lesões em membro inferior mostrou-se uma boa alternativa na maioria dos casos avaliados, com um bom resultado cirúrgico, embora tenham sido observadas complicações em alguns casos.
Profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso nas cirurgias do tornozelo e do pé
Authors: Zambelli Roberto , Bastos Marcos de , Rezende Suely Meireles 
Published: September 2020

ResumoO tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) é uma das complicações mais temidas pelos ortopedistas, tanto pelo seu desfecho potencialmente letal quanto pelas incertezas relacionadas à sua prevenção. Apesar da vasta literatura existente sobre a prevenção de TEV nas grandes cirurgias ortopédicas, pouco se sabe sobre sua prevenção nas cirurgias do tornozelo e do pé. Uma adequada prescrição da tromboprofilaxia em ortopedia exige criteriosa avaliação dos riscos trombóticos e hemorrágicos com base no tipo de cirurgia a ser realizada, além do conhecimento sobre os anticoagulantes. Esta revisão tem como objetivos abordar a avaliação do risco de desenvolver TEV, as modalidades de tromboprofilaxia, e os fármacos utilizados, tendo como ênfase as cirurgias do pé e do tornozelo.
Fixação suspensiva percutânea de luxação crônica da articulação radioulnar distal (ARUD) usando um dispositivo de endobutton de laço ajustável: Relato de caso
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed Schezan , Mishra Anil Kumar , Kaul Rajiv 
Published: September 2020

ResumoLuxação crônica da articulação radioulnar distal (ARUD) foi tratada historicamente com osteotomias complexas e procedimentos reconstrutivos, geralmente resultando em rigidez intratável e perda de função. É desejável usar uma técnica de fixação que não apenas restaure a biomecânica do punho, mas também seja esteticamente atraente para o indivíduo. Apresentamos uma nova técnica de redução e fixação de uma ARUD deslocada cronicamente em um homem de 26 anos, usando uma abordagem minimamente invasiva, com restauração bem-sucedida da função da ARUD e sem complicações pós-operatórias.
Outcomes after Multiligament Knee Injury Reconstruction using Novel Graft Constructs and Techniques
Authors: Lee John Hee-Young , Cook James L. , Wilson Nichole , Rucinski Kylee , Stannard James P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClinical outcomes after reconstruction for multiligamentous knee injury (MLKI) can be consistently favorable. However, recent implants and technique advances may allow for improvement in outcomes. Our institution has developed novel graft constructs and techniques for reconstructions with preclinical data supporting clinical use. Our study purpose was to assess clinical outcomes after reconstruction for MKLI using our constructs and techniques. Overall success rate, failure/revision rates, return to work (RTW)/return to sports (RTS) rates, and complications were evaluated testing the hypothesis that novel methods would be associated with clinical benefits with respect to applications and outcomes compared with historical results. We reviewed a single-surgeon, longitudinal database of 42 patients who underwent multiligament reconstruction at our institution using these techniques for at least two-ligament injuries. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and PROMIS (patient-reported outcomes measurement information system) were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at a minimum 1-year follow-up. Among these patients, 33 patients (mean age of 28.9 years, mean body mass index (BMI) of 33.2 kg/m2, mean follow-up of 14.2 months) were included for outcomes analyses. With the definition of success as having a VAS score of less than or equal to 2 without revision/salvage surgery due to recurrent/residual instability or arthritis, overall success rate was 88% (29/33). The mean VAS scores improved from 5 ± 2 to 2 ± 2. The mean preoperative PROMIS mental health score was 36.2 ± 7, general health was 33.5 ± 6, pain was 62.7 ± 8, and physical function score was 29.4 ± 3. At the final follow-up, PROMIS MH was 50.2 ± 10, GH was 44.4 ± 9, pain was 54.3 ± 9, and PF was 42.6 ± 8.4. Return to work rate was 94% (31/33), and 52% (17/33) of patients were able to RTS at any level. Our results demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes associated with a primary success rate of 88% and RTW rate of 94%. Intraoperative complications occurred in 9.5% of cases and revision and failure rates were 9% and 3%, respectively. Our initial results suggest that multiligament reconstructions using novel graft constructs and techniques are safe and effective and can be considered an appropriate option for reconstruction of the full clinical spectrum of MLKIs.
A risk table to address concerns external to stock assessments when developing fisheries harvest recommendations
Authors: Dorn Martin W. , Zador Stephani G. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper develops a risk table to facilitate incorporation of additional information into the fisheries stock assessment and management process. The risk table is designed to evaluate unanticipated ecosystem and environmental impacts on marine resources that may require a rapid management response. The risk table is a standardized framework to document concerns about the assessment model, population dynamics, and the ecosystem/environment that are not explicitly addressed within the stock assessment model. A scoring procedure is used to evaluate the severity of the concern. These concerns can then be evaluated in support for or against a reduction from the maximum Acceptable Biological Catch while providing reviewers and stakeholders transparent documentation of the concerns. The risk table was applied successfully to several stocks on a trial basis during the 2018 groundfish assessment cycle for the North Pacific Fishery Management Council, and will be used for all full groundfish assessments in 2019. Rapid changes in climate are likely for Alaska marine ecosystems in coming decades, and these changes are not entirely predicable. Therefore, we avocate that the risk table approach should be included in the suite of management tools used to address the effects of climate change on Alaska marine resources.
Surface wave direction control on curved surfaces
Authors: Wei Chenwei , Cen Mengjia , Chui Hsiang-Chen , Cao Tun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Transformation optics (TO) has been recognized as an established scheme that can precisely manipulate electromagnetic surface wave propagations. Utilising the advantages of the TO technique, we proposed a TO device which can control the propagation direction of surface waves. The device is based on a generalized Eaton lens and can be realized on curved surfaces. Such a device can be composed of stacked ring layers, where the refractive index of each ring segment can be individually engineered. By engineering the refractive index, the stacked ring structure can guide the propagation direction of the surface wave. It may open a new door to manipulate surface wave propagation on demand.
Effect of the anode material on the evolution of the vacuum breakdown process
Authors: Zhou Zhipeng , Kyritsakis Andreas , Wang Zhenxing , Li Yi , Geng Yingsan , Djurabekova Flyura 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vacuum breakdown, also known as vacuum discharge, is a common phenomenon in nature and is gaining an increasingly important role in modern technologies. In spite of a remarkable advance in our understanding of the nature of the breakdown, the role of the anode, i.e. the positively charged electrode, in the development of the breakdown is still completely unclear. In this paper, we employ a streak camera with picosecond time resolution to observe precisely the evolution of anodic glow from different anode materials.
The results show that the choice of the anode material does not affect either the delay time between the cathodic and anodic flares or the formation of the conductive channel. Furthermore, we show that the heating of the anode surface by runaway electron currents is not sufficient to evaporate enough atoms for the anodic glow. On the other hand, we show that the neutrals for the anodic flare can be produced by the ions from the expanding cathode plasma by sputtering.
Finally, the coincidence in time of the voltage collapse and the anode glow is consistent with the fast expansion of the cathode plasma, which causes both the voltage collapse and the anode glow when it reaches the anode, and densifies by sputtering and reflection. However, the two events are not in direct dependence of one another, since the order of their appearance is random, implying that a fully conductive channel can be established without any light emission from the anode.
Ab initio calculations of the phase diagrams of tin and lead under pressures up to a few TPa
Authors: Smirnov N A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The paper studies relative structural stability for various crystal phases of tin and lead from first principles with the full-potential all-electron full-potential all-electron linear muffin-tin orbital method to pressures of a few TPa both at zero temperature and at T > 0. Using data from our calculations we construct phase diagrams for the two metals in the region of very high compressions and obtain their melting curves. For tin at pressures <100 GPa and zero temperature, we did not find the region of stability of the body-centered orthorhombic (bco) phase, as it was earlier observed in experiments by Salamat et al [2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 104104]. Our calculations suggest that one structural transition from the tetragonal to cubic phase, bct → bcc, occurs in perfect Sn crystal at T = 0 K in the pressure range of about 27–32 GPa. But any deviation from perfection may cause an orthorhombic distortion of its tetragonal phase. At pressures above 100 GPa, the bcc → hexagonal close-packed (hcp) transition exists in both metals, and the phase boundary has a domed shape and does not rise in temperature above 2 kK. This behavior of the phase boundary with the increasing temperature is caused by the softer phonon modes of the bcc structure and the smaller contribution of lattice vibrations to the free energy of the crystal compared to the hcp phase. At pressures above 2.5 TPa and T ≲ 1 kK, lead can also undergo another structural transition, hcp → fcc, but at T > 1.5 kK there must exist the more energetically preferable bcc → fcc transition.
Single image molecular tagging velocimetry
Authors: de Souza Matos Pedro Antonio , Barreta Luiz Gilberto , Martins Cristiane Aparecida , Carinhana Jr Dermeval 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A single-image nitric-oxide molecular tagging velocimetry (NO-MTV) is reported and employed in a real air driven hypersonic shock tunnel and provided velocities of 3240  ±  170(5.2%) and 3030  ±  160(5.3%) m

s

−
1

, insignificantly different from previous results of 3037  ±  98(3.2%) obtained by an ordinary multi-image MTV technique. The proposed methodology relies on an one-dimensional analytical description of the spatial intensity profile registered by a single MTV image.
Neutral-layer-free directed self-assembly of block copolymer in trench using capillary force-induced meniscus
Authors: Shin Jin Yong , Lee Bom , Lim Heo Yeon , Kim Simon , Jeong Seong-Jun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We propose trench-directed self-assembly (TDSA) of a block copolymer (BCP) driven by a capillary force-induced meniscus as a facile scalable nanolithography method. Unlike conventional directed self-assembly methods, TDSA enables the achievement of neutral surface-free vertical orientations of the BCP nanopatterns irrespective of the polarizability of the substrate, which may be, for example, a ceramic (SiO2) on Semiconductor (Si). In our demonstration of the proposed method, we generated various morphologies of the BCP nanopatterns by varying the trench width, and molecular weight of the BCP. The proposed TDSA method is potentially advantageous for the design of a process/device layout required for the development of an effective manufacturing process.
Performance improvement of ultrasonic spray deposited polymer solar cell through droplet boundary reduction assisted by acoustic substrate vibration
Authors: Waheed Sobia , Pareek Saurabh , Sharma Punit , Karak Supravat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study demonstrates the performance improvement of ultrasonic spray deposited bulk heterojunction type polymer solar cells through droplet boundary reduction assisted by acoustic substrate vibration of varying frequencies between 0–20 kHz. The optimum performance was achieved at 15 kHz of applied frequency, where ∼68% improvement in short-circuit current density and ∼85% improvement in overall cell efficiency were observed compared to the reference devices fabricated on stationary substrates. The performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the improved film morphology due to uniform and homogenous droplet spreading and coalescence under the influence of acoustic vibration. Systematic improvement was observed until 15 kHz when smooth films with significantly reduced droplet boundaries were observed with surface roughness around 10 nm only. However, beyond this point, higher frequencies were found to have detrimental effect on film formation. Significant improvement was observed for every cell parameter for 15 kHz samples. Almost ∼16% enhancement in carrier generation rate and ∼46% enhancement in exciton dissociation probability were observed, as estimated from the photo-current analysis. Urbach energy estimation reveals that the films, prepared at 15 kHz substrate vibration, forms less amount of band edge localized defect states (Eu
(no vibration) = 161 meV and Eu
(15 kHz) = 120 meV), resulting into reduced non-radiative recombination and better performances. The presented approach opens up new pathways for uniform and scalable thin film growth through acoustic substrate vibration assisted ultrasonic spray deposition technique, which would be beneficial for large scale industrial organic photovoltaic production.
Towards the continuum coupling in nuclear lattice effective field theory I: A three-particle model *
Authors: Wu J.-J. , Meißner Ulf-G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Weakly bound states often occur in nuclear physics. To precisely understand their properties, the coupling to the continuum should be worked out explicitly. As the first step, we use a simple nuclear model in the continuum and on a lattice to investigate the influence of a third particle on a loosely bound state of a particle and a heavy core. Our approach is consistent with the Lüscher formalism.
A Study of Low-Temperature Neutron Star Atmospheres
Authors: Calder A C , Karpov P I , Medin Z , Lattimer J M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We present a study of how a low-temperature accreted atmosphere influences the emitted X-ray spectrum of a neutron star. The atmosphere models and spectra were computed with Zcode, a multigroup radiation transfer code developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Though the underlying hot neutron star behaves as a blackbody, the atmosphere shifts the peak of spectrum away from a blackbody and toward higher energies, producing an emitted spectrum similar to a dilute blackbody. Quantifying the effects of this atmosphere will remove a source of uncertainty in X-ray observations and better constrain the mass-radius relation for neutron stars and thus the equation of state of dense matter. We present a suite of these atmospheres with varying compositions and temperatures as well as the resulting spectra.