bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in seminal parameters among Brazilian men between 1995 and 2018
Authors: Siqueira Samyra , Ropelle Anne Caroline , Nascimento Josiane A. A. , Fazano Francisco A. T. , Bahamondes Luis Guillermo , Gabiatti José Roberto , Costa-Paiva Lúcia , Baccaro Luiz Francisco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAiming to investigate trends in seminal parameter values among Brazilian men between 1995 and 2018, we performed a retrospective analysis of spermograms of couples admitted for infertility testing at UNICAMP/Brazil. For the present study, only the first sample produced by each man was analyzed (9,267 samples). Total motile sperm count (TMSC), percentage of spermatozoa with normal morphology (NM), and sperm concentration after seminal processing (SCA) were considered dependent variables. Statistical analysis was carried out through linear regression for the median values both in the general population and in the population categorized by age group (<30, 30–39, and ≥40 years). During the study period, the mean age of men was 32.46 (± 6.48) years, with a median of 32 (18–67) years. We found a significant decrease in the median values of TMSC (reduction of 2.84 million/year), NM (reduction of 0.52% each year) and SCA (reduction of 0.24 million/mL each year). In conclusion, we observed that Brazilian men undergoing infertility investigation had a decline in seminal parameters in the past 23 years. Surveillance should be maintained in the coming years, and further studies are needed to elucidate possible causes for seminal deterioration and to devise strategies to reverse this trend.
Success rate of proximal tooth-coloured direct restorations in primary teeth at 24 months: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ortiz-Ruiz Antonio J. , Pérez-Guzmán Nuria , Rubio-Aparicio María , Sánchez-Meca Julio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim was to determine the survival of tooth-coloured restorative materials in proximal restorations of primary teeth at 24 months of follow-up and the influence of the following variables: use of coating, use of cavity conditioner, use of rubber dam isolation, the cavity form, the dentist’s experience and the methodological characteristics of the studies. We conducted a search until May 2019, obtaining 16 articles from which 30 independent studies were extracted, which were considered as units of analysis. Four outcome measures were extracted from each study: retention, marginal integrity, anatomic form, and absence of recurrent caries. Separate meta-analyses were carried for each outcome and multiple meta-regression model was applied. The outcomes with the highest mean success rates were absence of recurrent caries and anatomic form. The type of material significantly influenced success rates. The best materials were resin-based material plus total-etching adhesion and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and the worst high viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC). Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) had a lower success rate than the conventional cavity form. RMGIC had the best clinical performance and HVGIC the worst. The form of the cavity, blinding and the experience of the operator were the variables that influenced success rates. Proximal primary molar restorations should be performed with RMGIC as it combines good mechanical performance of the resins together with the prevention of secondary caries of glass ionomers.
Transgene integration causes RARB downregulation in homozygous Tg4–42 mice
Authors: Hinteregger Barbara , Loeffler Tina , Flunkert Stefanie , Neddens Joerg , Birner-Gruenberger Ruth , Bayer Thomas A. , Madl Tobias , Hutter-Paier Birgit 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease can be modelled by different transgenic mouse strains. To gain deeper insight into disease model mechanisms, the previously described Tg4–42 mouse was analysed for transgene integration. On RNA/DNA level the transgene integration resulted in more than 20 copy numbers and further caused a deletion of exon 2 of the retinoic acid receptor beta. These findings were also confirmed on protein level with highly decreased retinoic acid receptor beta protein levels in homozygous Tg4–42 mice and may have an impact on the previously described phenotype of homozygous Tg4–42 mice to be solely dependent on amyloid-ß 4–42 expression. Since hemizygous mice show no changes in RARB protein levels it can be concluded that the previously described phenotype of these mice should not be affected by the retinoic acid receptor beta gene knockout. In order to fully understand the results of transgenesis, it is extremely advisable to determine the genome integration site and the basic structure of the inserted transgenes. This can be carried out for instance by next-generation sequencing techniques. Our results thus suggest that a detailed characterization of new disease models using the latest genomics technologies prior to functional studies could be a valuable tool to avoid an unexpected genetic influence on the animals’ phenotype that is not only based on the inserted transgene. This would also significantly improve the selection of mouse models that are best suited for therapeutic development and basic research.
Preoperative Serum Fibrinogen is Associated With Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Valve Replacement Surgery
Authors: Yang Jing Juan , Lei Wen Hua , Hu Peng , Wu Bin Bin , Chen Jian Xiao , Ni Yi Ming , Lai En Yin , Han Fei , Chen Jiang Hua , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) after open cardiac surgery is associated with a longer hospital stay and higher risk of mortality. We aimed to explore the association between preoperative serum fibrinogen level and risk of postoperative AKI in patients with open cardiac surgery. 3459 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery from January 2011 to September 2015 were recruited. The primary outcome was AKI, defined as AKI stage-1 or higher based on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Guidelines. Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was used to subsample minority groups to eliminate classification bias. 510 (14.74%) patients developed postoperative AKI. Serum fibrinogen was independently associated with AKI (OR = 1.211, 95% CI 1.080 to 1.358, p = 0.001) after adjustment of covariates. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for the outcome of AKI, after the addition of serum fibrinogen, had a c-statistic increasing from 0.72 to 0.73 (p < 0.001). This translated to a substantially improved AKI risk classification with a net reclassification index of 0.178 (p < 0.001). After SMOTE subsampling, serum fibrinogen was still independently associated with AKI grade 1 or higher (OR = 1.212, 95% CI 1.1089 to 1.347, p = 0.003). Preoperative serum fibrinogen levels were associated with the risk of postoperative AKI after cardiac valve replacement surgery.
Identification and local manipulation of bone marrow vasculature during intravital imaging
Authors: Morikawa Takayuki , Tamaki Shinpei , Fujita Shinya , Suematsu Makoto , Takubo Keiyo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhysiological regulation of blood flow in bone marrow is important to maintain oxygen and glucose supplies but also the physiological hypoxic state of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche. However, regulatory mechanisms underlying microcirculation in the bone marrow (BM) niche remain unclear. Here, we identify vessels functioning in control of blood flow in bone marrow and assess their contractility. To evaluate contractile potential of Alexa Fluor 633 (AF633; an arterial marker)-positive vessels, we performed immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and found it expressed around AF633+ vessels in the femoral and calvarial marrow. To validate AF633+ vessel contractility, we developed a simple system to locally administer vasoactive agents that penetrate BM through transcalvarial vessels. After exposure of the calvarial surface to FITC-dextran (70 kDa), FITC intensity in calvarial bone marrow gradually increased. When we evaluated the effect of transcalvarial administration (TCA) of norepinephrine (NE) on vascular tone of AF633+ arteries and behavior of transplanted blood cells, NE administration decreased artery diameter and transendothelial migration of transplanted cells, suggesting that adrenergic signaling regulates the HSC niche microcirculation and blood cell migration into the BM via effects on BMarteries. We conclude that TCA is a useful tool for bone marrow research.
Determining nitrogen isotopes discrimination under drought stress on enzymatic activities, nitrogen isotope abundance and water contents of Kentucky bluegrass
Authors: Saud Shah , Fahad Shah , Cui Guowen , Yajun Chen , Anwar Sumera 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDrought stress is the most pervasive threat to plant growth, which predominantly encumbers turf grass growth by causing alterations in plant functions. This study appraised the role of nitrogen isotopes in providing a theoretical basis for developing and improving Kentucky bluegrass cultivar performance under drought stress. Nitrogen isotopes labelled 15NH4Cl and K15NO3 were prepared to replace KNO3 in Hoagland’s solution at concentrations of 15NH4+ and 15NO3 at 1.5, 15, and 30 mM; the solutions were imposed on stressed plants under glasshouse conditions. Nitrogenous nutrition reduced oxidative stress by elevating the enzymatic activities and proline contents of all three clonal ramet leaves, particularly under stress conditions. Apart from nitrogen content, nitrogen isotope abundance, relative water content and water potential within controls were enhanced in treated with 15NH4+ than in with 15NO3 in both the roots and leaves of Kentucky bluegrass. Nevertheless, an application of 15NH4Cl and K15NO3 at 30 mM had a positive influence to some extent on these attributes under drought stress. Overall, our results suggested that nitrogen isotopes contributed to drought tolerance in all three clonal ramets of Kentucky bluegrass by maintaining a better osmoprotectant and antioxidant defence system, which helped the plants eliminate reactive oxygen species.
Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystals Extracted from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Green Admixture for Mortar
Authors: Mazlan Dianah , Krishnan Santhana , Din Mohd Fadhil Md , Tokoro Chiharu , Khalid Nur Hafizah Abd , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Takahashi Hideki , Komori Daisuke 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (EFB) incorporating cement mortar on its structural performances. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from α-cellulose extracted from EFB using an acid hydrolysis process with a concentration of acid used was 64% w/v under the temperature of 45 °C for 60 minutes. The Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were mixed into the cement mortar ranging from 0 to 0.8% w/w and its mechanical properties were determined. The developed CNCs mortar was characterized for their compressive and flexural properties as well as microstructure. The influence of CNCs concentration, curing method, dispersion of CNCs on mortar’s mechanical performance was thoroughly examined to find out the optimum condition. Overall results revealed that an addition of 0.4% cellulose nanocrystals has shown to increase the compressive and flexural strength to 46% and 20%, respectively cured under the wrapping method. The hydration of cementitious composites also improved significantly with the addition of CNCs by the formation of highly crystalline of portlandite observed under the XRD test. This present work demonstrates the importance of palm oil empty fruit bunch waste as a sustainable resource of cellulose nanocrystals admixture to achieve structural strength of cement mortar and promotes green technologies in construction.
Protected Health Information filter (Philter): accurately and securely de-identifying free-text clinical notes
Authors: Norgeot Beau , Muenzen Kathleen , Peterson Thomas A. , Fan Xuancheng , Glicksberg Benjamin S. , Schenk Gundolf , Rutenberg Eugenia , Oskotsky Boris , Sirota Marina , Yazdany Jinoos , Schmajuk Gabriela , Ludwig Dana , Goldstein Theodore , Butte Atul J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere is a great and growing need to ascertain what exactly is the state of a patient, in terms of disease progression, actual care practices, pathology, adverse events, and much more, beyond the paucity of data available in structured medical record data. Ascertaining these harder-to-reach data elements is now critical for the accurate phenotyping of complex traits, detection of adverse outcomes, efficacy of off-label drug use, and longitudinal patient surveillance. Clinical notes often contain the most detailed and relevant digital information about individual patients, the nuances of their diseases, the treatment strategies selected by physicians, and the resulting outcomes. However, notes remain largely unused for research because they contain Protected Health Information (PHI), which is synonymous with individually identifying data. Previous clinical note de-identification approaches have been rigid and still too inaccurate to see any substantial real-world use, primarily because they have been trained with too small medical text corpora. To build a new de-identification tool, we created the largest manually annotated clinical note corpus for PHI and develop a customizable open-source de-identification software called Philter (“Protected Health Information filter”). Here we describe the design and evaluation of Philter, and show how it offers substantial real-world improvements over prior methods.
Heterogeneous nitrogen fixation rates confer energetic advantage and expanded ecological niche of unicellular diazotroph populations
Authors: Masuda Takako , Inomura Keisuke , Takahata Naoto , Shiozaki Takuhei , Sano Yuji , Deutsch Curtis , Prášil Ondřej , Furuya Ken 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNitrogen fixing plankton provide nitrogen to fuel marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles but the factors that constrain their growth and habitat remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the importance of metabolic specialization in unicellular diazotroph populations, using laboratory experiments and model simulations. In clonal cultures of Crocosphaera watsonii and Cyanothece sp. spiked with 15N2, cellular 15N enrichment developed a bimodal distribution within colonies, indicating that N2 fixation was confined to a subpopulation. In a model of population metabolism, heterogeneous nitrogen (N2) fixation rates substantially reduce the respiration rate required to protect nitrogenase from O2. The energy savings from metabolic specialization is highest at slow growth rates, allowing populations to survive in deeper waters where light is low but nutrients are high. Our results suggest that heterogeneous N2 fixation in colonies of unicellular diazotrophs confers an energetic advantage that expands the ecological niche and may have facilitated the evolution of multicellular diazotrophs.
Polymer-encapsulation of iron oxide clusters using macroRAFT block copolymers as stabilizers: tuning of the particle morphology and surface functionalization
Authors: Guimarães Thiago Rodrigues , Lansalot Muriel , Bourgeat-Lami Elodie 
Published: April 2020

We report a versatile platform for the preparation of magnetic carriers stabilized by macroRAFT amphiphilic block copolymers, exhibiting encapsulated morphologies, high iron oxide content and tailored surface functionalizations.
Cell division cycle proteinising prognostic biomarker of breast cancer
Authors: Cheng Lin , Huang Yu-Zhou , Chen Wei-Xian , Shi Liang , Li Zhi , Zhang Xu , Dai Xin-Yuan , Wei Ji-Fu , Ding Qiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cell division cycle protein (CDC20) has been observed to be expressed higher in various kinds of human cancers and was associated with poor prognosis. However, studies on role of CDC20 in breast cancer are seldom reported till now, most of which are not systematic and conclusive. The present study was performed to analyze the expression pattern, potential function, and distinct prognostic effect of CDC20 in breast cancer using several online databases including Oncomine, bc-GenExMiner, PrognoScan, and UCSC Xena. To verify the results from databases, we compared the mRNA CDC20 expression in breast cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues of patients by real-time PCR. We found that CDC20 was expressed higher in different types of breast cancer, comparing with normal tissues. Moreover, the patients with a more advanced stage of breast cancer tended to express higher level CDC20. CDC20 was expressed higher in breast cancer tissues than normal tissues from patients in our hospital, consistent with the results from databases. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status were negatively correlated with CDC20 level. Conversely, Scarff–Bloom–Richardson (SBR) grade, Nottingham prognostic index (NPI), epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) status, basal-like status, and triple-negative status were positively related to CDC20 expression in breast cancer patients with respect to normal individuals. Higher CDC20 expression correlated with worse survival. Finally, a positive correlation between CDC20 and Targeting protein for Xenopus kinesin-like protein 2 (TPX2) expression was revealed. CDC20 could be considered as a potential predictive indicator for prognosis of breast cancer with co-expressed TPX2 gene.
MiR-139-5p influences hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and proliferation capacities via decreasing SLITRK4 expression
Authors: Wu Jisiguleng , Zhang Tong , Chen Yubo , Ha Sigaowa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The microRNA, miR-139-5p, has been proved to play important roles in regulating tumor progression, including prostate cancer, osteosarcoma, esophageal cancer, and so on, but its correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains unclear. Here we found that hsa-miR-139-5p (miR-139-5p) was decreased in HCC samples compared with normal liver tissues, and a lower expression of miR-139-5p was connected to a poorer prognosis. Mechanism study indicated that a decreased/increased miR-139-5p could increase/decrease HCC cells invasion and proliferation capacities via increasing SLITRK4 expression, what’s more, the reverse assays also confirmed the conclusion when we knocked down SLITRK4 in the miR-139-5p low-expression cells. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-139-5p could directly bind to the 3′UTR of SLITRK4 mRNA to regulate its expression. Together, these findings show the importance of miR-139-5p/SLITRK4 pathway in HCC growth and progression and may provide new targets for us to better arrange the progression of HCC.
Effect of X-rays on transcript expression of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells: role of calcium signaling in X-ray-induced endothelium damage
Authors: Wu Qibing , Fang Yang , Zhang Xinchen , Song Fei , Wang Yang , Chen Hongbo , Du Juan , Zheng Chang-Bo , Shen Bing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Radiation-induced brain edema is a serious adverse effect of radiotherapy. Although there are many causes of radiation-induced brain edema, the pathogenesis is not clear and clinical treatment is not ideal. Therefore, knowing the differential expression of the brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) transcriptome after brain radiotherapy may shed light on the pathogenesis of radiation-induced brain edema. The present study used RNA-Seq technique to identify 383 BMEC transcripts differentially expressed (many 2-fold or higher; P &lt; 0.05) between control and X-ray–treated primary cultured rat BMECs. Compared with controls, X-ray–treated BMECs had 183 significantly up-regulated transcripts and 200 significantly down-regulated transcripts. The differentially expressed genes were associated with the biological processes of the cell cycle, apoptosis, vascular permeability, and extracellular junctions. The functional changes identified in the X-ray–treated BMECs included Ca2+ signaling, phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt signaling, and methionine degradation. These results indicated that transcript expression was substantially affected by radiation exposure and the proteins encoded by these differentially expressed genes may play a significant role in radiotherapy-induced brain edema. Our findings provide additional insight into the molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced brain edema and may be helpful in the development of clinical treatment of this adverse reaction to radiotherapy.
Kognitionspsychologische Grundlagen und häufige methodische Fallstricke bei der Erforschung sport- und bewegungsinduzierter Effekte auf kognitive Leistungen
Authors: Oberste Max , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen von neurodegenerativen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, als Folge von medizinischen Behandlungen (z. B. mit neurotoxischen Zytostatika) sowie im normalen Altersgang werden kognitive Leistungsminderungen beschrieben. Neben vielen anderen positiven Effekten von Sport und Bewegung scheinen diese sich auch positiv auf das zentrale Nervensystem auszuwirken. Das wissenschaftliche und klinische Interesse an Sport- und Bewegungsinterventionen, die auf eine Linderung kognitiver Symptome zielen, fordert von Sportwissenschaftlern sowie Sport- und Bewegungstherapeuten Kenntnisse im Umgang mit und bei der Interpretation kognitiver Leistungstests. Neben denen in der Klinik häufig eingesetzten Kurztests zur Beurteilung der globalen kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit, die z. B. Hinweise auf eine beginnende Demenz geben können, werden in der Forschung sehr spezifische Testverfahren genutzt, um spezifische kognitiven Subdomänen zu beurteilen. Das macht ein Verständnis der Abgrenzungen zwischen kognitiven Funktionsbereichen und Subdomänen für die Interpretation der Testergebnisse essenziell. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein Überblick über kognitionspsychologische Taxonomien gegeben. Bei der Auswahl geeigneter Testverfahren kann auf bestehende, etablierte Testbatterien aus den medizinischen Fachbereichen der betreffenden Patientenpopulation zurückgegriffen werden. Hierzu werden einige verbreitete Testbatterien exemplarisch genannt. Die Gültigkeit der Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen zu den Effekten von Sport und Bewegung auf kognitive Leistungen kann durch Lerneffekte und Unterschiede zwischen den Versuchsgruppen hinsichtlich Zuwendung durch die Versuchsleiter (Hawthorne-Effekt) und / oder Erwartungen der Patienten hinsichtlich kognitiver Benefits (Placebo-Effekte) gefährdet sein. Es werden methodische Maßnahmen vorgestellt, durch die diese Gefährdungen der Validität reduziert bzw. vermieden werden können.