bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical models for estimation of global solar radiation using the monthly average daily sunshine hours data for Makurdi, Benue State
Authors: Sa’id R.S. , Akor S.I. , Gana U.M. 
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes empirical correlation models for estimating global solar radiation using data of sunshine hours for the location of Makurdi in Benue State of Nigeria. The paper suggests extrapolation of the empirical models for other locations with similar climatic conditions. The proposed models are: Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, Exponential, Power and Logarithmic models. Each of the models is based on Angstrom-Prescott equations for estimating global solar radiation. Any of the models can ease the use of sophisticated equipments, which are expensive, delicate and sometimes develop faults during measurement. The results of the models show that the cubic model is the best with slightly higher coefficient of determination. The coefficient of determination of each of the models was found to be 0.952, 0.965, 0.967, 0.965, 0.948& 0.924 respectively, while the absolute correlation was found to be unity. Errors evaluated include MBE, RMSE and MPE with minimal values. The percentage diffuse and direct solar radiations, clearness index and the diffuse fraction were also estimated using the models. The results of the estimations done using the proposed models indicate that there is an estimated average annual global solar radiation of 6056MJm-2, monthly value of 505MJm-2 and daily insolation of 16.82MJm-2 sufficient enough for maximum solar radiation exploitation.
Keywords: Solar Radiation, Empirical Models, Diffuse Radiation, Direct Radiation
Journalism as a profession: the challenges of women in a discriminatory society
Authors: Ogundoyin Olayinka Susan 
Published: June 2020

Journalism is one of many professions held in high esteem. The profession, however, is not without its own challenges as women journalists find it difficult to enjoy their career in the face of issues posed by the industry. This study sought to investigate the challenges faced by women journalists in the Nigerian mediascape. It is anchored on the feminist muted group theory (FMGT). The survey research and interview methods were employed to sample 120 women journalists in some Nigerian media outfits. They were purposively selected to respond to the questionnaire and four senior women journalists based on their work experience were interviewed. Four electronic media stations (two television and two radio stations) were considered for the study. Data were analysed through simple percentages and the qualitative data analysed thematically. It was found that women journalists face myriads of challenges, including abuse, sexual harassment and marital issues such as divorce, spending inadequate time with spouse, children and participating less in family functions. In addition, some women are restricted to anchoring less challenging programmes compared to their male counterparts in the industry. Hence, it was recommended that media stations should look beyond sexual stereotyping and assist women journalists to overcome the various challenges by giving them more time to spend with their families and by giving them challenging duties that can boost their selfconfidence and help them attain enviable heights in the profession.
Keywords: Women journalists, Nigerian mediascape, Sexual stereotyping, FMGT, Challenges
Nigeria’s cultural policy implementation: sustaining cultural diversity through cultural resource management
Authors: Ben-Iheanacho Elizabeth O. 
Published: June 2020

Nigeria is one of the few African countries with a written cultural policy as well as government established and funded institutions charged with the implementations of this policy. This article interrogates the implementation of the tenets of the policy, given Nigeria’s cultural diversity and the growing demand for tangible, verifiable economic indices of the contributions of the culture sector to both internally generated revenue (IGR) and the gross domestic product (GDP) of the nation. It suggests the need to expand the traditional understanding of cultural resource as land, labour and capital to embrace diverse forms of ‘soft’ cultural capital as assets whose management is critical to individual, community and national economic empowerment. The paper concludes with suggestions on strategies and best practices to enhance Nigeria’s creative economy as integral evidence of continuing implementation of the cultural policy.
Keywords: Cultural policy, Cultural resource management, Cultural diversity, Creative economy
Constraints in the practice of theatre for development in Nigerian tertiary institutions
Authors: Akoh Jimmy Unekwu 
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the constraints of contemporary Theatre for Development (TfD) in Nigeria tertiary institutions. It kick-starts with a discussion on how TfD in Nigeria adapted the South America and other African countries experiences of using drama to mobilize and conscientize people for development and self reliance. However, TfD from the academia is faced with myriads of challenges. This varies from preliminary concerns, to workshops and post-TfD engagements for possible consolidation. It takes a critical look at some of the constraints; identifying their causes and their impacts on the effective practice of TfD as action research. This study has explored, through qualitative processes, the procedures of TfD in Nigeria tertiary institutions and its coordinated effort to catalyze change in target communities. The study interrogated whether the methodologies have caused reasonable individual and community change in behavior to substantially cause development. While it acknowledges that, theatre has always responded to the environment in several ways, the paper proceeds from the evidence of a near absence of follow-up mechanism of TfD practices from the academia. It admits that although there have been efforts by a few scholars to locate the hiatus, there is still a wide critical chasm in planning, monitoring and evaluation of projects. Thepaper then posits that TfD projects from the academia tends to negate the principles of democracy and that the methodology being used inhibit the creative impulse of the practitioners. It proffers the means through which these constraints could be tackled for TfD in Nigeria tertiary institutions to thrive. Anchored on the ‘trans-theoretical model of change theory’ by Prochaska & DiClemente (1983), this paper concludes that TfD practitioners should commit more time to projects and let the methodology be more change-oriented to meet the yearning and aspirations of the targeted communities.
Keywords: Development agencies, CBOs, Theatre workers, TfD, Nigerian tertiary institutions
Women as agents of conflict resolution in Femi Osofisan’s Moroutodun
Authors: Ogakason Rasheed Oshoke 
Published: June 2020

Over the years, there have been incidents of class struggle and secessionist agitations especially in developing nations such as Nigeria. This has drawn the attention of the government, security agencies and the ruling class who deem it a threat to the peace and unity of the nation. Many of such agitations are tackled using different strategies to manage the situations especially when it results to crisis and clash of interests leading to destruction of lives and properties. Nigeria, has recorded several incidents of agitations mostly from minority and separatist groups who see themselves as the oppressed and marginalized in the aspects of leadership, governance, power and unequal distribution of the nation’s abundant wealth and resources. The literary world has contributed severally through the works of contemporary African playwrights such as Ngugi wa Thiongo, J.P Clark and Femi Osofisan, who have successfully woven their themes on issues such as conflict, emancipation, oppression and social struggle. This paper is premised on the theory of conflict resolution techniques and dispute management systems and textual analysis as its method. The paper examines the portrayal of women as agents of conflict resolution in Femi Osofisan’s Moroutodun. It further draws the attention to the integral role of women in bringing about peace, positive change and development in the society. The paper concludes that womenshould be given a chance as men to contribute to peace-building and conflict resolution in the society.
Keywords: Women, Agents of conflict resolution, Moroutodun, Femi Osofisan, Nigeria
A syncretic analysis of the duality of dance as art and science
Authors: Iyeh Mariam A. , Onuche Godwin 
Published: June 2020

This paper examines the duality of dance as both art and science. It argues on the premise that only the manifestations of dance as an art form has been explored whilst its scientific manifestations have been arguably ignored. It avers that duality is seen in the processes involved in dance choreography. In doing this, it maintains that dance as an art often manifests in the intuition and creativity involved during the creation of dances while dance as science manifests itself during the execution of movements. It argues that the traditional practitioners of dance in Nigeria and Africa are generally aware of the scientific nature of dance, which they adhere to unconsciously while creating dances without knowing it has a scientific posturing. The article insists that intelligence displayed in dance choreographies attests to the above claims. The study uses syncretism and Humphrey-Weidman theory of dance composition as theoretical moorings to contend that the Agbaka dance of the Igala people of Kogi State in North Central Nigeria expresses and displays the scientific nature of dance. Consequently, the dance form is examined from the physiological, psychological and biomechanical perspectives, informing the conclusion that dance practitioners in Nigeria should engage in a conscious exploration and admittance of dance as both art and science.
Keywords: Syncretism, Art, Science, Duality of dance, Biomechanics, Agbaka dance
Heavy Metal Levels in Vegetables and Soil Cultivated with Industrial Wastewater from Different Sites of Chunian and Jamber, District, Kasur
Authors: Hussain A. , Bukhari SM , Andleeb S. , Rehman K.U. , Maqsood I. , Javid A. , Hussain A. , Ali W. , Khalid N. , Iqbal M.J. , Yasin H. 
Published: June 2020

In human diet, vegetables play important role to maintain the physiological conditions. Due to anthropogenic activities and pollution, the food items become contaminated. The present study was performed to evaluate the level of heavy metals in the vegetables irrigated with wastewater across Chunian and Jamber, district, Kasur. Level of heavy metals from the study area like Zinc, Lead and chromium in the soil, water and vegetables was compared. The four sites of each city and 10 vegetables e.g. potato, radish, carrot, fenugreek, spinach, tomato, Onion, Turnip, Cauliflower, Pangalo were selected to conduct the experiment. The vegetables were irrigated with industrial wastewater and the concentration of heavy metals was measured by the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). We concluded that the level of heavy metals was beyond the FAO limits in irrigated water due to industrial waste. In Jamber and Chunian, the level of Zn and Pb was high and beyond the FAO safe limits in the all water sample, the level of Cr was much higher only in the water sample of one site from Jamber. The concentration of zinc was higher in soil samples as compared to lead and chromium. Zn and Pb in vegetables of study area were labeled as priority pollutants but this concentration was within the safe limits set by FAO. However, constant inspection of heavy metals is recommended to avoid accumulation in the food chain and thus avoid human health risks.
Keywords: Atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Heavy metals, Industrial wastewater, Vegetables.
Characterization of Coal obtained from the Sahelian Regions of Nigeria and Niger Republic
Authors: Samaila M.B. , Muhammad B.G. , Adam A.H. , Moumouni A. , Bello S. 
Published: June 2020

Coal is the most widely available fossil fuel energy resource. This work was carried out to compare the composition, Sulphur content and combustibility of the Nigerian and Nigerien coal samples. Coal samples were obtained from Enugu, Nigeria, Tahuoa and Agadez of Niger Republic. Results indicated that, coal samples from Tahuoa (RS/T) and coal from Agadez (RS/A) have highest percentage of fixed carbon (71.2% and 61.0% for Tohoua and Agadez respectively), while the coal from Enugu (RS/E), Nigeria, have the least percentage (49.2%) which made them to have high fuel ratio enabling them to be more combustible, as determined by the thermal efficiency test. The study revealed that the coal from Niger is of higher grade with ease of combustion and less smoke as found in the combustibility test.
Keywords: Coal, Sulphur, fuel ratio, carbon content, combustion and thermal efficiency.
Physicochemical Profiles and Water Quality Indices of Surface Waters Collected from Falcorp Mangrove Swamp, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Odigie O. , Olomukoro J.O. 
Published: June 2020

Surface water samples were collected at a frequency of once monthly for a period of 18 months; February 2013- July 2014, from several points on the Falcorp mangrove swamp, Ijala, Warri, Delta State. The abstracted samples were subjected to several physical and chemical analyses which were conducted in accordance with referenced procedures. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis and multivariate analysis using Microsoft excel, SPSS version 16.0 and PAST respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) across the stations; Stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively for pH, Temperature, Electrical conductivity, DO, BOD5, TSS, Turbidity, Chloride, Salinity, Sulphate, Nitrate, Hardness, Ca, Ma, Zn, Cd and Pb. There were significant difference (P<0.05) across the 5 stations for the following parameters; TDS, Bi-carbonate, Phosphate, Fe and Cu. The mean concentrations of most of the physical and chemical parameters in the surface water with the exception of pH were below acceptableWHO limits for portable water. The water quality index (WQI) at stations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 ranged from 8.45-24.9, 8.31-23.95, 8.36-16.26, 8.24-10.11 and 8.43-23.58 respectively. The Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data sets yielded 35 variables under 22 components with Eigenvalues < 1 (PC1-PC6) and >1 (PC7-PC22). There was a positive correlation between pH, water temperature, TDS, EC, TSS, turbidity, Cl, HCO3, salinity, SO4, hardness, Ca, Mg, and Cd whilst a negative relationship existed between DO, BOD5, PO4, NO3, Fe, Zn, Cu and Pb respectively.
Keywords: Physicochemical, surface water, Falcorp, Mangrove swamp
A Review of Air Quality and Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Nigeria
Authors: Abaje I.B. , Bello Y. , Ahmad S.A. 
Published: June 2020

This study generally classifies air pollutants on the basis of: primary or secondary, natural or anthropogenic, chemical composition, physical state, and the space scales of their effects. Air pollutants that affect air quality in Nigeria were discussed based on natural and anthropogenic sources. The natural sources include: sand dust, sea spray, volcanic activities, smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires among others, while the anthropogenic sources include: vehicular emissions, mining activities, industries such as cement companies and quarry factories, agricultural practices and solid waste dumps among others. Some of the atmospheric pollutants that posed greatest threat to human health were equally examined. They include: Sulphur dioxide (SO2) which can react with water vapor (H2O) in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and thus acid rain; particulate matter (PM) with less than 10 μm, particularly fine particles (PM2.5 ) and particles in the fine fraction that are smaller than 0.1 μm (ultrafine particles), can carry toxic chemicals which are linked to cancer; carbon monoxide (CO), even in very small concentrations, can prevent oxygen from being delivered through the body major organs; ozone which is a highly reactive gas causes oxidation of a number of macromolecules within a biological system and produces free radicals that can damage DNA molecules and cause carcinogenesis. Based on the aforementioned, this study recommends that priority should be given to the establishment of air monitoring stations in all urban centers of the country in order to provide accurate and continuous information on air quality.
Keywords: anthropogenic pollutants, atmosphere, particulate matter, pollution
Heavy Metal Status of Major Vegetable Farmsoils in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Ben-Uwabor P.O. , Olawepo G.K. , Ogunkunle C.O. , Fatoba P.O. 
Published: June 2020

Soils in developing areas have been confirmed by researchers to be contaminated with heavy metals which are a major category of pollutants. Previous projects had been carried out to ascertain different levels of heavy metals in soils but this paper targets heavy metals and degree of pollution of major vegetable farm soils in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State, Northern Nigeria. Therefore, this work aimed at determining the; concentrations of total heavy metals (HMs) and the pollution index of the major vegetable farm soils. Total cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in soils were determined by acid digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and mean separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance. HMs in soils were: Cd (0.00-4.67), Cu (1.71-30.08) and Pb (1.29-82.00) mg/kg with pH range of 6.62-9.33 and pollution index range of Cd (0.00-2.90), Cu (0.86- 11.72) and Pb (0.70-14.30). Some soils showed elevated concentration of Cd and Pb higher than the recommended permissible – limit (Cd=1.00 mg/kg, Pb=70.00mg/kg) with pollution index of HMs ranged from low pollution to very strong pollution (0.00±0.00- 14.30±1.77). The study therefore, suggested that there could be a risk of Cd and Pb associated diseases on the consumption of vegetables planted on some of these soils. Keywords: Heavy metal content, pollution index, vegetable farmsoils, Ilorin metropolis.
Terpene Rich Essential Oil of <I>Dracocephalum kotschyi</I> Boiss as Efficient Alternative to Synthetic Chemicals in Management of <I>Callosobruchus maculatus</I> Fabricius
Authors: Ebadollahi A. 
Published: June 2020

The application of plant-derived essential oils has been revealed to proficiently insect pest control agents, meaningfully decreasing the side-effects caused by chemical insecticides. In the present study, the toxicity of essential oil isolated from Dracocephalum kotschyi has been assessed against cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius) as one of the most damaging and cosmopolitan insect pest of stored beans. The other objective of current study was to identify the chemical composition of D. kotschyi essential oil as one of the medicinal plants endemic to Iran. Bioassays results revealed sound fumigant toxicity of essential oil, in which a concentration of 16.41 μl/l produced up to 50% insect mortality after 72 h. Increases in concentrations of the essential oil and exposure times augmented the insect susceptibility so that the highest mortality (96.25%) was achieved at a highest tested concentration (44.12 μl/l) after 72 h. A concentration of 44.12 μl/l was enough to achieve the 50% mortality of tested insects within 10.761 h. The 24 h-LC50 value of essential oil was 24.947 μl/l which decreased to 17.794 μl/l after 72 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the essential oil exposed terpenes including geranyl acetate, citral, z-citral, methyl geranate, limonene, α-pinene and α-campholenal were the main components. Based on the results of present study, the terpene rich essential oil of D. kotschyi may be considered as promising alternative to the synthetic chemicals for C. maculatus management.
Keywords: Callosobruchus maculatus, chemical profile, essential oil, Dracocephalum kotschyi, toxicity.
Comparative Study of Positional Accuracies Using Three GPS Receivers
Authors: Nnamani O.J. , Ijaware V.A. 
Published: June 2020

The emergence of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver over the years has afforded the avenue to acquire data from various geospatial locations. This paper analyses and compares the accuracy of point positions collected using three Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers— South H66/H88, Sokkia radian IS, and ProMark 3. A field study was conducted on 5 control points within the Federal University of Technology Akure (FUTA) Campus. The One-way ANOVA test performed for the coordinates obtained from the three GPS receivers at an alpha level of 0.05 using SPSS version 16 reveals no statistically significant difference between the coordinates. Analysis of the result shows that South GPS, Sokkia GPS, and ProMark GPS receivers had horizontal misclosure values of 0.1337, 0.1625 and 0.2425 respectively, making South GPS best in obtaining accurate information onhorizontal positions. For the vertical position, misclosure values of 0.0902, 0.2336, and 0.2771 respectively were obtained for the Three GPS receivers, thereby revealing that Sokkia GPS performed optimally in obtaining heights above the ellipsoid. However, as a combination of horizontal and vertical positions (3-Dimension), Sokkia GPS performed best while ProMark GPS performed averagely and South GPS performed least. This study shows that any of the three GPS receivers can provide reasonable accurate geographic data. However, a definite conclusion remains that the selection of an optimal GPS receiver in this study for any project will largely depend upon the user’s needs and project requirements as the significant variation observed in the height coordinates should be further investigated.
Keywords: GPS Receivers, Accuracy, Position Determination, GPS Coordinates
Corrosion Inhibition Behaviour of <i>Enantia chlorantha</i> Extract on Pipeline Steel Corrosion in Acidic System
Authors: Ngobiri N.C. , Obi C. 
Published: June 2020

The corrosion inhibition capacity of Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB) extract on the corrosion of pipeline steel in an acidic environment was studied using the gravimetric method. The result revealed that weight loss obviously increased with the rise in temperature though trend lines were not parallel. The results obtained from the evaluation showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract increased with extract concentrationattaining an efficiency of 89.02% with 2.5 g/L concentration at 30 ºC. The corrosion inhibition efficiency, however, decreased with increase in temperature, while the corrosion rate decreased. The significant achievement in this study was the ability of Enantia chlorantha extract to reduce the corrosion rate constant, increase its surface coverage with consequent longer material half-life in an acidic environment.
Keywords: Inhibition efficiency, surface coverage, plant extract, weight loss, half-life