bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysing experiences and issues in self-built shelters in Bangladesh using transdisciplinary approach
Authors: Klansek Tonja , Coley David A. , Paszkiewicz Natalia , Albadra Dima , Rota Federico , Ball Richard J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere are currently 70.8 million forcibly displaced people, globally. Bangladesh hosts the largest refugee camp in the world. Much effort has gone into the research, design and delivery of mass-produced shelters. Yet most refugees live in self-built shelters using simple shelter materials. This paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of using a transdisciplinary approach for holistic data collection in such shelters. A total of 1594 households were surveyed in refugee camps in Bangladesh using diverse methods—e.g. surveys, semi-structured interviews, physical measurements. It was only because of the use of various methods that the reasons behind identified issues were discovered or quantified. For example, household surveys uncovered the issue of poor ventilation, but only the semi-structured interviews exposed the reasons behind it, while physical measurements assessed the implications of this—annual particulate exposure 13 times the recommended limit. Furthermore, several methods pointed to issues with materials, but only the focus groups discussions exposed the need for gender-sensitive technical training tailored for women on the correct use of the materials. This study demonstrates that a diverse team (humanitarian staff, building physicists, and anthropologists) using several approaches to data-gathering and working in a transdisciplinary manner has much to offer the sector, and by including quantitative physical measurements allows costed improvement plans to be developed, targets to be set and general, rather than case specific, knowledge to be generated. The findings of this study have resulted in new shelter interventions by the aid sector that were rolled out in over 70,000 shelters.
A Metric for Evaluating a Transformation of Subscription-Based Journals into Open-Access Journals
Authors: Mielke Corinna , Kuballa Stefanie , Schulze Mareike , Haux Reinhold 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOpen Access is an upcoming paradigm to communicate scientific knowledge. The Trans-O-MIM Project works on strategies, models, and evaluation metrics for the goal-oriented, stepwise, sustainable, and fair transformation of established subscription-based scientific journals into open-access-based journals. This research intends to present an evaluation metric and the associated identified appropriate parameters for such transformations. To develop the evaluation metric, it has been implemented in the context of a business management method for planning, steering and controlling action and corporate strategies. The central element was a 3-step procedure for developing the metric. In stage 1 necessary preconditions for a transformation were considered. Stage 2 is the actual elaboration of the evaluation metric by means of a scenario analysis and stage 3 comprises the exemplary testing at the journal Methods of Information in Medicine. The three methodological steps have primarily resulted in 5 scenarios with 9 different final states from the scenario analysis. Thus, the metric is now composed of these 5 scenarios, which can be used to evaluate the success or failure of a transformation. A list of 65 suitable parameters to measure changes in scenario were compiled. So, it is possible to evaluate the transformation and to find the current final state. Parameters like submissions, publications, and time as well as the scenario states could be applied to the transformation process of the Methods of Information in Medicine journal. The proposed evaluation metric can be used to evaluate the transformation processes of subscription-based journals into open-access-based journals.
Generalized Swift–Hohenberg and phase-field-crystal equations based on a second-gradient phase-field theory
Authors: Espath Luis , Calo Victor M. , Fried Eliot 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The principle of virtual power is used derive a microforce balance for a second-gradient phase-field theory. In conjunction with constitutive relations consistent with a free-energy imbalance, this balance yields a broad generalization of the Swift–Hohenberg equation. When the phase field is identified with the volume fraction of a conserved constituent, a suitably augmented version of the free-energy imbalance yields constitutive relations which, in conjunction with the microforce balance and the constituent content balance, delivers a broad generalization of the phase-field-crystal equation. Thermodynamically consistent boundary conditions for situations in which the interface between the system and its environment is structureless and cannot support constituent transport are also developed, as are energy decay relations that ensue naturally from the thermodynamic structure of the theory.
Expensive multi-objective optimization of electromagnetic mixing in a liquid metal
Authors: Prinz Sebastian , Thomann Jana , Eichfelder Gabriele , Boeck Thomas , Schumacher Jörg 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel trust-region method for the optimization of multiple expensive functions. We apply this method to a biobjective optimization problem in fluid mechanics, the optimal mixing of particles in a flow in a closed container. The three-dimensional time-dependent flows are driven by Lorentz forces that are generated by an oscillating permanent magnet located underneath the rectangular vessel. The rectangular magnet provides a spatially non-uniform magnetic field that is known analytically. The magnet oscillation creates a steady mean flow (steady streaming) similar to those observed from oscillating rigid bodies. In the optimization problem, randomly distributed mass-less particles are advected by the flow to achieve a homogeneous distribution (objective function 1) while keeping the work done to move the permanent magnet minimal (objective function 2). A single evaluation of these two objective functions may take more than two hours. For that reason, to save computational time, the proposed method uses interpolation models on trust-regions for finding descent directions. We show that, even for our significantly simplified model problem, the mixing patterns vary significantly with the control parameters, which justifies the use of improved optimization techniques and their further development.
Inclusive education in Italy: Historical steps, positive developments, and challenges
Authors: Ianes Dario , Demo Heidrun , Dell’Anna Silvia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Italian school system has a long tradition of inclusive education, starting in the 1970s with the first experiences of integrating students with disabilities into regular schools. Since then, legislation has developed to guarantee students with disabilities and other special educational needs the right to individualization and personalization. This article presents the main developments in Italian inclusive education, documenting both positive outcomes and ongoing challenges, especially those which could be of interest for international readers. The article is structured around three relevant themes: the persistent influence of an individual-medical model of disability on school practices; support opportunities and additional resources for inclusion; and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms and their role in the improvement of the quality of inclusion.
Randomized controlled trial of a group intervention combining self-hypnosis and self-care: secondary results on self-esteem, emotional distress and regulation, and mindfulness in post-treatment cancer patients
Authors: Grégoire C. , Faymonville M.-E. , Vanhaudenhuyse A. , Jerusalem G. , Willems S. , Bragard I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer patients often report low self-esteem and high emotional distress. Two factors seem particularly linked to these symptoms: emotion regulation strategies and mindfulness. The interest of hypnosis and self-care to relieve these symptoms is not well documented. Our randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the effect of a group intervention combining self-hypnosis and self-care on self-esteem, emotional distress, emotion regulation, and mindfulness abilities of post-treatment cancer patients, as well as investigating the links between these variables.

Methods
One hundred and four patients who had suffered from cancer were randomized into the intervention group (N = 52) and the wait-list control group (N = 52). They had to answer questionnaires before (T1) and after the intervention (T2). Nine men were excluded from the analyses, leading to a final sample of 95 women with cancer. Group-by-time changes were assessed with MANOVA, and associations with self-esteem and emotional distress were investigated with hierarchical linear regression models.

Results
Participants in the intervention group (mean age = 51.65; SD = 12.54) reported better self-esteem, lower emotional distress, a decreased use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, and more mindfulness abilities after the intervention, compared to the WLCG. This increase in mindfulness explained 33% of the improvement of self-esteem and 41.6% of the decrease of emotional distress in the intervention group. Self-esteem and emotional distress also predicted each other.

Conclusion
Our study showed the efficacy of our hypnosis-based intervention to improve all the investigated variables. Mindfulness predicted the improvement of self-esteem and emotional distress. The primary impact of our intervention on mindfulness abilities seems to explain, at least in part, its efficacy.
Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03144154). Retrospectively registered on the 1st of May, 2017.
Links between psychological disengagement from school and different forms of self-esteem in the crucial period of early and mid-adolescence
Authors: Martinot Delphine , Beaton Ann , Tougas Francine , Redersdorff Sandrine , Rinfret Natalie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the links between psychological disengagement from academics and self-esteem during two different periods of adolescence. Previous research provided mixed findings on the links between both psychological disengagement mechanisms (i.e., discounting and devaluing) and self-esteem. To clarify this relationship, global self-esteem as well as self-esteem in school attainment and social domains were assessed among 142 early-adolescents (aged 11 to 12) and 172 mid-adolescents (aged 13 to 15). According to the Psychological Disengagement Model, it was predicted that experience of personal deprivation due to perceived relative academic underachievement would be associated with discounting of academic grades. In turn, a link between discounting and devaluing from school was expected. Both psychological disengagement mechanisms were predicted to harm global self-esteem and self-esteem in the school attainment domains. However, discounting and devaluing were expected to increase self-esteem in the social domains among mid- rather than early-adolescents. Path analyses support in part prediction. Both psychological disengagement mechanisms played a different role on global and domain-specific self-esteem. Among early-adolescents, discounting reduced global self-esteem and self-esteem in school attainment domains. Findings pointed to the self-protective role of discounting on self-esteem in social domains among mid-adolescents as well as the non-protective function of devaluing on global self-esteem, school attainment and social domains of self-esteem. This study contributes by clarifying the links between psychological disengagement from academics and self-esteem at two distinct periods in adolescence and the specific domains of self-esteem.
The Psychobiology of Hunger – A Scientific Perspective
Authors: Beaulieu Kristine , Blundell John 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFrom a scientific perspective, hunger can be regarded as an identifiable conscious sensation which can be distinguished from other conscious states (e.g., pain, fear). The hunger state can be measured and is a marker of the existence of underlying biological processes. Measured hunger is functional and is normally associated with the act of eating. However, the conscious state of hunger, although driven physiologically, is not exclusively determined by biology; there is an environmental influence that can modulate its intensity and periodicity, and cultural factors that shape the appropriateness of the expression of hunger. Within a psychobiological framework, hunger can be considered as the expression of a ‘need state’ which mediates between biological requirements and environmental (nutritional) satisfaction. Our empirical studies show that hunger is clearly associated with biological signals (e.g., resting metabolic rate and some gastrointestinal peptides) and is central to the relationship between energy expenditure and energy intake.
Multiscale determinants of Pacific chorus frog occurrence in a developed landscape
Authors: Green Jemma , Govindarajulu Purnima , Higgs Eric 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla) populations have persisted despite urban and rural development throughout the species’ range; yet it is possible thatP. regilla, like other anurans with which it historically co-occurred, will become extirpated from cities and suburbs if urbanization intensifies as predicted. An improved understanding of the conditions that enable this species to persist in developed landscapes is needed to identify and conserve suitable habitats. We investigated species-habitat relationships forP. regillain a mixed urban-rural landscape in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, to identify potential criteria for habitat suitability. We conducted repeat auditory surveys of chorusing males at 52 potential breeding wetlands and modeled occupancy at 26 of these sites using local and landscape variables representing competing hypotheses and spatial scales of influence. The models that best explainedP. regillaoccupancy included a combination of terrestrial habitat and connectivity factors and the presence of non-native predators. We found that the proportion of impervious cover within 250 m of a wetland had the strongest negative impact on occupancy. Our findings suggest that availability of terrestrial habitat adjacent to breeding sites is the primary driver of species presence in the developed landscape. Conservation efforts should seek to limit impervious cover to less than 20% within a 250-m buffer around breeding wetlands. Further, restored and created wetlands in urban and rural areas may be more likely to supportP. regillaif they are designed with a seasonal hydroperiod that excludes non-native aquatic predators and are placed in an area of high pond density.
Characterization of plasma lipidomics in adolescent subjects with increased risk for type 1 diabetes in the DiPiS cohort
Authors: Andersson Svärd Agnes , Kaur Simranjeet , Trôst Kajetan , Suvitaival Tommi , Lernmark Åke , Maziarz Marlena , Pociot Flemming , Overgaard Anne Julie ,   The DiPiS Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells resulting in total loss of insulin production. Recent studies have suggested that the destruction may be interrelated to plasma lipids.ObjectivesSpecific lipids have previously been shown to be decreased in children who develop T1D before four years of age. Disturbances of plasma lipids prior to clinical diagnosis of diabetes, if true, may provide a novel way to improve prediction, and monitor disease progression.MethodsA lipidomic approach was utilized to analyze plasma from 67 healthy adolescent subjects (10–15 years of age) with or without islet autoantibodies but all with increased genetic risk for T1D. The study subjects were enrolled at birth in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne (DiPiS) study and after 10–15 years of follow-up we performed the present cross-sectional analysis. HLA-DRB345, -DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 genotypes were determined using next generation sequencing. Lipidomic profiles were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Lipidomics data were analyzed according to genotype.ResultsVariation in levels of several specific phospholipid species were related to level of autoimmunity but not development of T1D. Five glycosylated ceramides were increased in insulin autoantibody (IAA) positive adolescent subjects compared to adolescent subjects without this autoantibody. Additionally, HLA genotypes seemed to influence levels of long chain triacylglycerol (TG).ConclusionLipidomic profiling of adolescent subjects in high risk of T1D may improve sub-phenotyping in this high risk population.
Intervention by international organizations in regime complexes
Authors: Margulis Matias E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article identifies the existence of a previously unknown but important type of self-directed political behavior by International Organizations (IOs) that I termintervention. Intervention occurs when an IO secretariat acts with the intention of altering an anticipated decision at a partially-overlapping IO in a regime complex. Intervention is a distinct type of behavior by IOs that differs from either bureaucratic competition among IOs for mandates, resources and policy influence, or cooperation to achieve joint regulatory goals and enhance performance. I probe the plausibility of intervention through an analysis of three illustrative case studies in the regime complex for food security showing self-directed political actions by the secretariats of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Food Programme (WFP) and Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) directed at altering decision-making by states at the World Trade Organization (WTO). I identify three distinct intervention strategies – mobilizing states, public shaming and invoking alternative legal frameworks – in which IOs utilize their material, ideational and symbolic capabilities to influence decision-making not within their own institutions, but at other, overlapping organizations in a regime complex over which they have no direct control.
Transformation of β-SiC from Charcoal, Coal, and Petroleum Coke to α-SiC at Higher Temperatures
Authors: Jayakumari Sethulakshmy , Tangstad Merete 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
SiC is one of the main intermediate compounds formed during the industrial production of silicon (Si). In the Si process, SiC is produced when carbon added to the raw materials reacts with the silicon monoxide gas (SiO(g)) formed in the furnace. Carbon materials used are either biomass-based (charcoal and wood chips) or based on fossil sources (coal, coke, petroleum coke). The most common forms of SiC prevailing at atmospheric pressure are the polytypes of α-SiC and β-SiC. β-SiC is formed at low temperatures and transforms to α-SiC at higher temperatures (> 2000 °C). In this study, β-SiC with elemental Si of varying amounts, formed from industrial carbon materials (charcoal, coal, and petroleum coke), were utilized to study the transformation of β-SiC to α-SiC. A graphite tube furnace efficient for high-temperature experiments was utilized for the heat treatment of β-SiC particles at temperatures ranging from 2100 °C to 2450 °C. The transformation to α-SiC was greatly influenced by the original carbon source. Charcoal-converted β-SiC particles easily transformed to α-SiC at 2100 °C, compared with β-SiC produced from coal and petroleum coke. Moreover, the amount of elemental Si in SiC particles enhanced the transformation to α-SiC at 2100 °C.
Intra-coronary Imaging for the Evaluation of Plaque Modifications Induced by Drug Therapies for Secondary Prevention
Authors: Kilic Ismail Dogu , Fabris Enrico , Kedhi Elvin , Ghilencea Liviu-Nicolae , Caiazzo Gianluca , Sherif Sara Abou , Di Mario Carlo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease are at a high risk of subsequent cardiovascular events; therefore, secondary prevention in the form of therapeutic lifestyle changes, and drug therapies is vital. This article aims to review potential application of intra-coronary imaging for the evaluation of plaque modifications, induced by medications for secondary prevention for CAD.

Recent Findings
Intra-coronary imaging provides detailed information on the atherosclerotic plaque which is the primary pathological substrate for the recurrent ischemic cardiovascular events. These modalities can detect features associated with high risk and allow serial in vivo imaging of lesions. Therefore, intravascular imaging tools have been used in landmark studies and played a role in improving our understanding of the disease processes.

Summary
Changes in size and plaque composition over time can be evaluated by these tools and may help understanding the impact of a treatment. Moreover, surrogate imaging end points can be used when testing new drugs for secondary prevention.
Deformations of Calabi-Yau manifolds in Fano toric varieties
Authors: Bini Gilberto , Iacono Donatella 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we investigate deformations of a Calabi-Yau manifold Z in a toric variety F, possibly not smooth. In particular, we prove that the forgetful morphism from the Hilbert functor HZF of infinitesimal deformations of Z in F to the functor of infinitesimal deformations of Z is smooth. This implies the smoothness of HZF at the corresponding point in the Hilbert scheme. Moreover, we give some examples and include some computations on the Hodge numbers of Calabi-Yau manifolds in Fano toric varieties.
Bi-directional online transfer learning: a framework
Authors: McKay Helen , Griffiths Nathan , Taylor Phillip , Damoulas Theo , Xu Zhou 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransfer learning uses knowledge learnt in source domains to aid predictions in a target domain. When source and target domains are online, they are susceptible to concept drift, which may alter the mapping of knowledge between them. Drifts in online environments can make additional information available in each domain, necessitating continuing knowledge transfer both from source to target and vice versa. To address this, we introduce the Bi-directional Online Transfer Learning (BOTL) framework, which uses knowledge learnt in each online domain to aid predictions in others. We introduce two variants of BOTL that incorporate model culling to minimise negative transfer in frameworks with high volumes of model transfer. We consider the theoretical loss of BOTL, which indicates that BOTL achieves a loss no worse than the underlying concept drift detection algorithm. We evaluate BOTL using two existing concept drift detection algorithms: RePro and ADWIN. Additionally, we present a concept drift detection algorithm, Adaptive Windowing with Proactive drift detection (AWPro), which reduces the computation and communication demands of BOTL. Empirical results are presented using two data stream generators: the drifting hyperplane emulator and the smart home heating simulator, and real-world data predicting Time To Collision (TTC) from vehicle telemetry. The evaluation shows BOTL and its variants outperform the concept drift detection strategies and the existing state-of-the-art online transfer learning technique.