bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilização dos serviços odontológicos por crianças de 0 a 9 anos cadastradas em uma unidade de saúde da família de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Lage Karina De Andrade , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Santos Maria Lizzia Moura Ferreira dos , Cabral Maria Beatriz Barreto de Sousa , Vianna Maria Isabel Pereira , Almeida Tatiana Frederico de 
Published: November 2019

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong>: o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a utilização de serviços odontológicos, idade e motivo da primeira consulta odontológica<br />em crianças de 0 a 9 anos cadastradas em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: realizou-se um estudo descritivo, transversal. Os responsáveis pelas crianças participaram de entrevistas individuais e forneceram informações sobre a idade atual da criança, idade da primeira consulta odontológica, realização de consulta no último ano, tipo de financiamento e motivo da primeira consulta odontológica. As entrevistas foram realizadas durante visitas domiciliares e na respectiva Unidade de<br />Saúde. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: um total de 151 questionários foram aplicados. Das crianças, 59,6% nunca realizaram nenhum tipo de consulta odontológica e daqueles que já o tinham feito, 62,30% foi no último ano e 83,61% destas realizadas no serviço público. O principal motivo da consulta foi a presença de cárie (36,07%). As crianças do sexo feminino realizaram a primeira consulta odontológica em maior proporção que as do sexo masculino, embora esta tenha ocorrido em uma idade mais tardia. <strong>Conclusões</strong>: Há necessidade de fomentar a utilização do serviço odontológico de forma precoce, permitindo a implementação de políticas públicas de promoção de saúde de forma a garantir o atendimento às crianças desde o primeiro ano de vida.</p>
Prevalência de casos de tricomoníase em laudos citopatológicos de um laboratório particular da cidade do Crato- Ceará
Authors: Lima Monaiza De Oliveira , Sampaio Mariana Gomes Vidal 
Published: November 2019

<p><strong>Objetivo</strong>: o presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência de mulheres infectadas pelo protozoário Trichomonas vaginali (T.vaginali) em um laboratório particular da cidade do Crato, Ceará. <strong>Metodologia</strong>: tratou-se de um estudo do tipo descritivo, retrospectivo com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um Laboratório particular de Análises Clínicas, localizado na cidade de Crato-CE, cujo grupo de estudo foi todas as mulheres, com idade entre 17 e 87 anos, que realizaram o exame de Papanicolau no período de 2014 a 2016. <strong>Resultados</strong>: foram quantificados os percentuais de amostras positivas para a tricomoníase e outras patologias correlatas obtendo-se como resultado que entre os anos de 2014 a 2016 foram realizados 28.910 exames citopatológicos, dos quais 2,22 % foram positivos para tricomoníase. Dentre os casos positivos 22,15% apresentaram co-infecção com outros microrganismos,<br />sendo a Gardnerella vaginalis a principal bactéria encontrada, obtendo um total de 80,99% dos casos, Cândida sp com 11,97% dos casos, Leptothrix com 5,63% e Papilomavírus humano (HPV) com 1,41% dos casos. Observou-se que a faixa etária com maior incidência de tricomoníase é entre 26 a 45 anos, com um percentual de 65,21%, sendo possível notar a alta prevalência de tricomoníase na população feminina. <strong>Conclusão</strong>: os resultados foram apresentados a Secretaria de Saúde da cidade de Crato – Ceará com o intuito de alertar os profissionais de saúde com relação ao número de casos, incentivando a periodicidade do exame de Papanicolau e outros exames voltados ao diagnóstico dessa patologia, além de uma atenção especial ao tratamento das mulheres já infectadas.</p>
Next‐generation disease modeling with direct conversion: a new path to old neurons
Authors: Traxler Larissa , Edenhofer Frank , Mertens Jerome 
Published: November 2019

Within just over a decade, human reprogramming‐based disease modeling has developed from a rather outlandish idea into an essential part of disease research. While iPSCs are a valuable tool for modeling developmental and monogenetic disorders, their rejuvenated identity poses limitations for modeling age‐associated diseases. Direct cell‐type conversion of fibroblasts into induced neurons (iNs) circumvents rejuvenation and preserves hallmarks of cellular aging. iNs are thus advantageous for modeling diseases that possess strong age‐related and epigenetic contributions and can complement iPSC‐based strategies for disease modeling. In this review, we provide an overview of the state of the art of direct iN conversion and describe the key epigenetic, transcriptomic, and metabolic changes that occur in converting fibroblasts. Furthermore, we summarize new insights into this fascinating process, particularly focusing on the rapidly changing criteria used to define and characterize in vitro‐born human neurons. Finally, we discuss the unique features that distinguish iNs from other reprogramming‐based neuronal cell models and how iNs are relevant to disease modeling.
Cell‐SELEX, an Effective Way to the Discovery of Biomarkers and Unexpected Molecular Events
Authors: Bing Tao , Zhang Nan , Shangguan Dihua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCell‐SELEX can not only generate aptamers for specific cell isolation/detection, diagnosis, and therapy, but also lead to the discovery of biomarkers and unexpected molecular events. However, most cell‐SELEX research is concentrated on aptamer generation and applications. In this progress report, recent research progress with cell‐SELEX in terms of the discovery of biomarkers and unexpected molecular events is highlighted. In particular, the key technical challenges for cell‐SELEX‐based biomarker discovery, namely, the methods for identification and validation of target proteins of aptamers, are discussed in detail. Finally, the prospects of the applications of cell‐SELEX in this field now and in the near future are described. It is expected that this report will attract attention to the benefit of cell‐SELEX and provide a practical reference for biomedical researchers.
Merging Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up Approaches to Fabricate Artificial Photonic Nanomaterials with a Deterministic Electric and Magnetic Response
Authors: Dietrich Kay , Zilk Matthias , Steglich Martin , Siefke Thomas , Hübner Uwe , Pertsch Thomas , Rockstuhl Carsten , Tünnermann Andreas , Kley Ernst‐Bernhard 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial photonic nanomaterials made from densely packed scatterers are frequently realized either by top‐down or bottom‐up techniques. While top‐down techniques offer unprecedented control over achievable geometries for the scatterers, by trend they suffer from being limited to planar and periodic structures. In contrast, materials fabricated with bottom‐up techniques do not suffer from such disadvantages but, unfortunately, they offer only little control on achievable geometries for the scatterers. To overcome these limitations, a nanofabrication strategy is introduced that merges both approaches. A large number of scatterers are fabricated with a tailored optical response by fast character projection electron‐beam lithography and are embedded into a membrane. By peeling‐off this membrane from the substrate, scrambling, and densifying it, a bulk material comprising densely packed and randomly arranged scatterers is obtained. The fabrication of an isotropic material from these scatterers with a strong electric and magnetic response is demonstrated. The approach of this study unlocks novel opportunities to fabricate nanomaterials with a complex optical response in the bulk but also on top of arbitrarily shaped surfaces.
Vascular Pedicle and Microchannels: Simple Methods Toward Effective In Vivo Vascularization of 3D Scaffolds
Authors: Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Gerrand Yi‐wen , Wray Lindsay S. , Tan Beryl , Joukhdar Habib , Kaplan David L. , Morrison Wayne A. , Mitchell Geraldine M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPoor vascularization remains a key limiting factor in translating advances in tissue engineering to clinical applications. Vascular pedicles (large arteries and veins) isolated in plastic chambers are known to sprout an extensive capillary network. This study examined the effect vascular pedicles and scaffold architecture have on vascularization and tissue integration of implanted silk scaffolds. Porous silk scaffolds with or without microchannels are manufactured to support implantation of a central vascular pedicle, without a chamber, implanted in the groin of Sprague Dawley rats, and assessed morphologically and morphometrically at 2 and 6 weeks. At both time points, blood vessels, connective tissue, and an inflammatory response infiltrate all scaffold pores externally, and centrally when a vascular pedicle is implanted. At week 2, vascular pedicles significantly increase the degree of scaffold tissue infiltration, and both the pedicle and the scaffold microchannels significantly increase vascular volume and vascular density. Interestingly, microchannels contribute to increased scaffold vascularity without affecting overall tissue infiltration, suggesting a direct effect of biomaterial architecture on vascularization. The inclusion of pedicles and microchannels are simple and effective proangiogenic techniques for engineering thick tissue constructs as both increase the speed of construct vascularization in the early weeks post in vivo implantation.
Wearable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Patch for Multiplexed Sensing of Calcium and Ammonium Ions from Human Perspiration
Authors: Keene Scott T. , Fogarty Daragh , Cooke Ross , Casadevall Carlos D. , Salleo Alberto , Parlak Onur 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWearable health monitoring has garnered considerable interest from the healthcare industry as an evolutionary alternative to standard practices with the ability to provide rapid, off‐site diagnosis and patient‐monitoring. In particular, sweat‐based wearable biosensors offer a noninvasive route to continuously monitor a variety of biomarkers for a range of physiological conditions. Both the accessibility and wealth of information of sweat make it an ideal target for noninvasive devices that can aid in early diagnosis of disease or to monitor athletic performance. Here, the integration of ammonium (NH4+) and calcium (Ca2+) ion‐selective membranes with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)‐based (PEDOT:PSS) organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for multiplexed sensing of NH4+ and Ca2+ in sweat with high sensitivity and selectivity is reported for the first time. The presented wearable sweat sensor is designed by combining a flexible and stretchable styrene‐ethylene‐butene‐styrene substrate with a laser‐patterned microcapillary channel array for direct sweat acquisition and delivery to the ion‐selective OECT. The resulting dermal sensor exhibits a wide working range between 0.01 × 10−3 and 100 × 10−3 m, well within the physiological levels of NH4+ and Ca2+ in sweat. The integrated devices are successfully implemented with both ex situ measurements and on human subjects with real‐time analysis using a wearable sensor assembly.
δ‐MnO2/KMnF3 Composite with Mixed Valence as Cathode for Potassium Ion Battery
Authors: Wang Shuya , Cui Yongli , Cui Bin , Zhuang Quanchao , Li Bo , Zheng Hong , Ju Zhicheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPotassium ion batteries (PIBs) are regarded as potentially promising large‐scale energy storage systems. δ‐MnO2/KMnF3‐30 (mass percentage of KMnF3: 30%) with mixed valence of manganese is constructed by homogeneous precipitation method, as cathode for PIBs. As a buffer and chelating agent for the reaction, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA‐2Na) is helpful to form composites with good mixing and uniform dispersion. δ‐MnO2 nanowires with different lengths can fully utilize the cross‐linking of long nanowires and short‐range filling of short nanowires, resulting in more stable network connectivity. Additionally, the uniform embedding of the KMnF3 nanoparticles among δ‐MnO2 nanowires can effectively accommodate the volume expansion associated with ion intercalation during cycling process. δ‐MnO2/KMnF3 combines the advantages of Mn‐based fluoride and Mn‐based oxide as cathode materials, and has high capacity, good cycle performance and rate performance. The capacity at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 200 cycles can still be as high as 90 mAh g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to study the reaction process of the δ‐MnO2/KMnF3 cathode at the electrode/electrolyte interface and to explain some electrochemical phenomena.
A Review of Composite Lithium Metal Anode for Practical Applications
Authors: Shi Peng , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Liu He , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is considered as a promising anode candidate for next‐generation batteries owing to its extremely high specific capacity and low reduction potential. However, Li metal anode is still hindered by uncontrolled Li dendrites and extreme volume fluctuation. Composite Li metal anode emerges as an attractive strategy to suppress Li dendrites and relieve volume fluctuation by regulating the behaviors of Li plating/stripping. Although progresses are visible in composite Li anode with much excess Li (>50 mAh cm−2), high negative/positive capacity ratio (>50), and low current density (<1 mA cm−2), yet the suppression of Li dendrites and long lifespan of practical Li batteries are still challenged with limited Li (<10 mAh cm−2), low negative/positive capacity ratio (<3), and high current density (>3 mA cm−2). Here, the progresses of composite Li anode are reviewed in terms of the material types, structures, and fabrications of composite Li anode in order to promote the substantial developments of practical Li batteries. Furthermore, the perspectives of current challenges and further rational designs of composite Li anode are presented aiming to bring new avenues for high‐energy‐density practical Li batteries.
Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Structured MWCNT/UHMWPE Fiber Sensors for Strain Sensing and Load Bearing of Composite Structures
Authors: On Seung Yoon , Park Steve , Kim Seong Su 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, a hybrid (soft and strong) coaxial structured fiber sensor that has high load carrying capacity and high sensing performance for measuring mechanical strain is prepared by using a dry‐jet wet spinning system and simple dip‐coating method. The strong core of the fiber sensor is made of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene that has highly oriented molecular structure due to a hot‐stretching process to increase the tensile strength. The soft sheath of the fiber sensor is an electrically conductive layer composed of a multilayer structure with varying concentrations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyurethane layers to enhance the sensing performance. A scanning electron microscope is used to investigate the surface morphology of the fiber sensors. Single filament tensile tests are performed to measure the mechanical properties of the fiber sensors. The signal‐to‐noise ratio, strain sensitivity, repeatability, and degree of hysteresis of the fiber sensors are measured during static and dynamic tensile tests to determine the sensing performance. Experimental results confirm that the hybrid structured fiber sensor shows significantly enhanced mechanical properties due to the control of the hot‐stretching process and significantly enhances sensing performances due to the control of the structural configuration of the conductive layers.
MXene Quantum Dot/Polymer Hybrid Structures with Tunable Electrical Conductance and Resistive Switching for Nonvolatile Memory Devices
Authors: Mao Huiwu , Gu Chen , Yan Shiqi , Xin Qian , Cheng Shuai , Tan Peng , Wang Xiangjing , Xiu Fei , Liu Xiaoqin , Liu Juqing , Huang Wei , Sun Linbing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional MXene materials including MXene quantum dots (MQDs) and nanosheets have attracted extensive attention owing to their unique structures and novel properties, but their most attractive features are still less explored than expected. A systematic study of the memory effects of MQD‐based electronics is reported. Monodisperse MQDs are prepared by using a one‐step facile hydrothermal synthetic method. By varying the MQD content in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hybrid composite films, the electrical conductance of an indium tin oxide (ITO)/MQD‐PVP/gold (Au) sandwich structure can be tuned precisely from insulator behavior to irreversible resistive switching, reversible resistive switching, and conductor behavior. These irreversible and reversible resistive switches are capable of exhibiting write‐once‐read‐many times (WORM) and flash memory effects, respectively. Both types of devices operate stably under retention testing, with a high on/off current ratio up to 100. The tunable memory and transient features of these hybrid films are likely due to MQD charge trapping due to their quantum confinement and dissolvability of memristive components. The results suggest that MXene nanomaterials are promising as resistive switching trigger for emerging nonvolatile memories for data storage, specially data storage security.
Lattice Strain Enhances Thermoelectric Properties in Sb2Te3/Te Heterostructure
Authors: Wu Zhenhua , Chen Xiang , Mu Erzhen , Liu Yang , Che Zhanxun , Dun Chaochao , Sun Fangyuan , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Yanliang , Hu Zhiyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn efficient way to improve thermoelectric (TE) performance of a system by adjusting the lattice strain (e.g., dislocation and nano‐interface) without changing its composition is reported in this study. By controlling the crystallization and growth of Te nanoparticles, a Sb2Te3/Te heterostructure with enhanced TE properties is obtained. The growth of Te nanoparticles as well as the introduced lattice strain is characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy in details. In addition to the low thermal conductivity (κ ) caused by lattice strain, the resulting stress on the heterostructure may lead to a state near electronic topological transition that enhances the power factor (PF ). As a result, the optimized figure‐of‐merit of the Sb2Te3/Te heterojunction reaches up to 0.61 at 300 K with PF and κ of 11.2 µW cm−1 K−2 and 0.55 W m−1 K−1, respectively. This method can also be applied in other heterojunction systems to improve TE properties.
Exchange rate exposure of agricultural cooperatives
Authors: Piccoli Pedro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the growth of exchange risk literature in the field of agricultural economics, little attention has been paid to firm‐level currency exposure in emerging countries. In this context, this paper investigates the exchange rate exposure faced by a unique data set of 66 Brazilian agricultural cooperatives from 2000 to 2015, and finds that around one‐third of the sampled firms exhibited significant exposure during this period, even after controlling for crises. The paper also documents that the proportion of exposed firms doubles during periods in which the local central bank intervenes more in the currency regime, lending support to the moral hazard hypothesis: when the exchange rate is less flexible, local companies tend to adopt unhedged positions in response to implicit government guarantees. Finally, firms with more debt, better asset management, lower inventory levels, and higher product differentiation tend to be less exposed to currency swings [EconLit Citations: F31, G15, G23].
Selective N‐Monomethylation of Anilines with Methanol Catalyzed by Commercial Pd/C as an Efficient and Reusable Catalyst
Authors: Jiang Lei , Guo Fang , Wang Yinran , Jiang Jialin , Duan Yangzhi , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractN‐methylation of amines is one of the most important C−N bond‐forming reactions and is widely utilized for the synthesis of numerous agrochemicals, drugs, natural products, and dyes. In this paper, the N‐monomethylation of aniline derivatives using Pd/C catalyst and methanol as the methylation reagent was investigated. The N‐monomethylation of various anilines was achieved with high activity and selectivity under relatively mild reaction conditions, and the yield of N‐monomethyl anilines was over 90 %. Notably, the commercial, readily available, and inexpensive heterogeneous catalyst, Pd/C, could be easily recovered and reused more than five times with only a slight decrease in activity; gram‐scale experiments were also successfully performed.
Keeping cool in the heat: Behavioral thermoregulation and body temperature patterns in wild vervet monkeys
Authors: McFarland Richard , Barrett Louise , Costello Mary‐Ann , Fuller Andrea , Hetem Robyn S. , Maloney Shane K. , Mitchell Duncan , Henzi Peter S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesClimate change is having a significant impact on biodiversity and increasing attention is therefore being devoted to identifying the behavioral strategies that a species uses to cope with climatic stress. We explore how wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) respond to heat stress, and how behavioral adaptations are used to regulate body temperature.Materials and methodsWe implanted wild vervet monkeys with temperature‐sensitive data loggers and related the body temperature rhythms of these animals to their use of thermoregulatory behaviors.ResultsEnvironmental temperature had a positive effect on the mean, minima and maxima of daily body temperatures. Environmental temperature had a positive effect on the amount of time that vervet monkeys spent in the shade, and animals that spent more time in the shade had lower body temperature maxima. Drinking water did not have a proximate effect on body temperature, most likely a consequence of their regular access to drinking water. Body temperatures were observed to decrease after swimming events, but tended to return to pre‐swim temperatures within 1 hr, suggesting a limited thermal benefit of this behavior.ConclusionsOur data support the view that vervet monkeys cope well in the heat, and use behavior as a means to aid thermoregulation. The ability of primates to be flexible in their use of thermoregulatory behaviors can contribute positively to their capacity to cope with environmental variability. However, given its broad effect on plant productivity and habitat loss, climate change is a major threat to species' biogeographical distribution and survival.
Fabrication of high mechanical performance UHMWPE nanocomposites with high‐loading multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Rui , Zheng Yanyu , Chen Lihao , Chen Shaoyun , Zhuo Dongxian , Wu Lixin 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTUsing conventional mixing techniques, the mechanical properties of prepared carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites are not impressive enough, because of their aggregation problem at a high loading of CNTs. In this article, high mechanical performance ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) nanocomposites with high loading of multiwalled CNTs were successfully fabricated by a new manufacturing technique. Specifically, the tensile strength and storage modulus at 25 °C of UHMWPE nanocomposites with 32 wt % of nanotubes prepared by the novel technique reaches 107.6 MPa and 6.0 GPa, respectively, about 4.7 times and 5.0 times of that of pure UHMWPE resin, which are also very high experimental results compared with polyethylene nanocomposite prepared by traditional hot‐compression techniques. These attractive results suggest that the high‐loading CNTs without sacrificing their dispersion and the impregnation quality of polymer‐impregnated buckypapers are essential for fabricating CNTs/polymer composites with superior mechanical properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48667.