bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial ecosystem elements
Authors: Stam Erik , van de Ven Andrew 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in ecosystems as an approach for understanding the context of entrepreneurship at the macro level of an organizational community. It consists of all the interdependent actors and factors that enable and constrain entrepreneurship within a particular territory. Although growing in popularity, the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept remains loosely defined and measured. This paper shows the value of taking a systems view of the context of entrepreneurship: understanding entrepreneurial economies from a systems perspective. We use a systems framework for studying entrepreneurial ecosystems, develop a measurement instrument of its elements, and use this to compose an entrepreneurial ecosystem index to examine the quality of entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Netherlands. We find that the prevalence of high-growth firms in a region is strongly related to the quality of its entrepreneurial ecosystem. Strong interrelationships among the ecosystem elements reveal their interdependence and need for a systems perspective.
Developing local entrepreneurial ecosystems through integrated learning initiatives: the Lancaster case
Authors: Pugh Rhiannon , Soetanto Danny , Jack Sarah L. , Hamilton Eleanor 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper considers a concept gaining popularity: entrepreneurial ecosystems. It finds a significant lacuna in the concept as it stands as it does not sufficiently consider learning within regional ecosystems. Considering the established centrality of learning for entrepreneurial activity and regional development, it is surprising that the entrepreneurial ecosystem literature does not yet incorporate how learning occurs in time and space within regional ecosystems. This paper presents research conducted in the North West of England over (20) years examining programmes to support entrepreneurial and regional development. It argues that learning, and the pro-active support thereof, is crucial within an entrepreneurial ecosystem and should be fully considered within theoretical frameworks and policy blueprints designed to support and encourage entrepreneurship within regions. As a tangible suggestion of how to theoretically incorporate learning into entrepreneurship ecosystem development efforts, we present an integrated learning model developed by entrepreneurship scholars through collaborations with practitioners.
Synthesis, thermal, structural and electrical properties of vanadium-doped lithium-manganese-borate glass and nanocomposites
Authors: Jarocka Agata , Michalski Przemysław P. , Ryl Jacek , Wasiucionek Marek , Garbarczyk Jerzy E. , Pietrzak Tomasz K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A glassy sample with a nominal formula LiMn1 − 3x/2VxBO3 (where x = 0.05) was synthesised using the melt-quenching method. Material was characterised by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffactometry (XRD) at room temperature and as a function of temperature (HT-XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), impedance spectroscopy (IS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Dependences of glass transition and crystallisation temperatures on the heating rate in DTA experiments were determined. The initial value of electrical conductivity of the glass was 1.4 × 10− 15 Scm− 1. It was significantly increased by a proper thermal nanocrystallisation. The maximum value was higher by 6 orders of magnitude and reached 2.6 × 10− 9 Scm− 1 at room temperature. Expected crystalline phases (i.e. monoclinic and hexagonal LiMnBO3) upon heating were identified and assigned to thermal events observed with DTA. Microstructure of nanocrystalline samples observed by SEM revealed nanocrystalline grains noticeably smaller than 100 nm. Results explaining nanocrystallisation process are coherent.
DRIFTS study of Fe promoter effect on Rh/Al2O3 catalyst for C2 oxygenates synthesis from syngas
Authors: Li Fang , Qian Weixing 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
DRIFTS experiments such as CO adsorption, CO-TPSR and CO+H2 were designated to study the effect of Fe promoter on the key steps of C2 oxygenates formation from syngas. The CO adsorption results demonstrated that Fe weakened CO adsorption and especially the bridging adsorption. It was found in CO-TPSR experiments that the catalyst with lower Fe loading is more easily dissociated while the ones with higher Fe loading own stronger hydrogenation activity. Moreover, it was observed by CO+H2 experiments that Fe plays a role in stabilizing the lineally adsorbed CO species and decreasing the CO desorption rate. The catalytic performance results indicated that when Fe content is 4wt. %, the selectivity of total C2 oxygenates is the highest, which was in accordance with the DRIFTS results.
Effect of microalga-based diet on oxidative stress enzymes of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Sharma Shaishav , Shah Ekta , Davla Deepti , Dixit Gaurav , Patel Aesha , Kumar Adepu Kiran 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHere an indigenously isolated microalgal strainAscochlorisspp. cultivated in synthetic medium was evaluated as an aquaculture feed supplement. The daily dietary supplement includes microalgal feed (AF) and commercial diet feed (CF) (as control), respectively. These diets were fed separately to the juvenileClarias gariepinusfishes (n = 4) under controlled conditions for an experimental period of 100 days. The protein, glycogen and lipid contents in the muscle extracts were found to be marginally higher in fishes that were fed with CF than AF diet. Similarly, CF fishes showed significantly higher glutathione-s-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and lipid peroxidase activities, except glutathione content. Zero mortality of the fishes with no significant difference in the overall body mass with the two dietary supplements strongly suggests that algal biomass could supplement the requisite nutrients for their metabolic activities. This preliminary investigation helps in exploring algal biomass as a potential alternative feed additive in the aquaculture industry.
Experimental investigation of process parameters during graphitization of catalytic coke
Authors: Pourabdollah Kobra , Samadian Zakaria Masoud , Mir Najafizadeh Seyed Mohammad , Motaghedi Fatemeh 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aim of this project is studying the effect of thermal operation parameters on the graphitization of self-diffused ethane-based catalytic coke. The novelty of this study refers to self-diffused metals that had given unique properties to the catalytic coke and had improved the graphitization degree at low temperatures. The main feature of this research is presenting a remarkable energy saving approach that uses low-cost installations for production of graphitized carbon. The experiments were performed in two steps including preparation of self-diffused ethane-based catalytic coke and then low-temperature graphitization of coke samples below 1500 °C. Characteristic tests were performed by determination of electrical resistivity and XRD pattern of graphitized samples including graphitization degree, aromaticity, coke rank, number of carbon rings, graphene thickness and length. The results revealed that the blanket atmosphere, final temperature and exposure time had the greatest impact on the aforementioned criteria, while the role of thermal ramp and sulfur content of catalytic coke was negligible. The electrical resistivity tests on the graphitized sample showed how the electrical resistivity of graphitized samples is a function of graphitization degree.
Affective Atmospheres of Sexualized Hate Among Youth Online: A Contribution to Bullying and Cyberbullying Research on Social Atmosphere
Authors: Sylwander Kim R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, I will introduce the concept of affective atmospheres previously developed by Anderson (Emot Space Soc 2:77–81, 2009) and Anderson and Ash (2015), to explore young social media users’ articulated experiences of aggressive behaviour on a popular social networking site in Sweden. This concept opens up for inquiring into bullying, and other aggressive behaviour, as encounters, not only between humans, but also with non-human bodies, and the potentialities to act and the affective states that such meetings enable. In this way the paper contributes to bullying research on school climate and social atmosphere. The paper applies an affect theory approach to atmosphere to explore the importance of different materialities for the production of feelings and emotions surrounding the everyday articulations of hate among these users. The findings suggest that hate, in this context, works through a sexualized and gendered affective regime, which enforces a chrononormative logic, through which temporalized norms are tied to notions of age and bodily growth, that is, through heteronormative expectations of femininity, masculinity, sexuality and age-appropriateness. I found that affordances such as anonymity facilitated and intensified the circulation of hate, feeding into an atmosphere of constant risk. However, I also detail how affordances such as anonymity and hyperlinking, and practices such as hashtagging, enabled expressions of friendship, love and support, thus counter-balancing an atmosphere of hate and enabling it to become bearable for certain targeted users. In this context, sexualized aggression is normalized and expected, but nonetheless also troubled and resisted by these young users. By applying the concept of atmosphere, the paper sheds light on the affective workings within social online settings that become saturated with sexualized and aggressive practices, where certain users become repeated targets of such practices.
Large-scale triaxial and box testing on railroad ballast: a review
Authors: Alabbasi Yahia , Hussein Mohammed 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe use of railway transportation systems has been increased throughout the years. The conventional ballasted tracks have been used widely in many countries around the world. Ballast material is the basic element of ballasted tracks. Ballast degrades and deforms after service. Therefore, periodical ballast maintenance is needed which is a cost and time expensive activity. Understanding ballast mechanical behavior leads to better design and efficient maintenance. From the literature, experimental approach is used to understand the mechanical behavior of railroad ballast. Traditional experimental tests provide inaccurate results due to the large ballast particle size with relative to sample size. Researchers used large scale triaxial and box tests extensively to understand the mechanical behavior of railroad ballast. The target of this paper is to present a concise review of the extensive literature presented on the mechanical behavior of railroad ballast using large scale triaxial and box testing. It discusses the various aspects of large-scale equipment such as apparatus’ set-up, size, material and shape, simulated load condition and test purpose. It presents the key findings of the large-scale triaxial and box tests in understanding ballast mechanical behavior.
Institutional Investor Stewardship in the UK and Malaysia: Functionally Similar, Contextually Challenged
Authors: TAN Petrina Tjin Yi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInstitutional investors are acknowledged as an influential force in markets worldwide. As a result of increased focus on the impact from the investing and shareholding practices of institutional investors, stewardship codes were first introduced in the UK, followed by Malaysia. This article evaluates the theory and practice of institutional investor stewardship in Malaysia through functional and contextual lenses, as juxtaposed against the more established position of stewardship in the UK. Notwithstanding an analogous legal framework for shareholder rights and the textual similarities of the UK Stewardship Code and Malaysian Code for Institutional Investors, the dominance of government-linked investment companies and government-linked companies in Malaysia results in a distinct set of issues in relation to institutional investor stewardship. This article then argues that the stewardship codes are in themselves insufficient in increasing the quality and scope of institutional investor engagement as they fail to address the underlying agency conflicts between the institutional investors and ultimate beneficiaries or clients. In learning from the UK's experience, it is important that Malaysian policymakers pay attention to the overarching structural factors and incentives driving institutional investor engagement alongside the development and take-up of the stewardship code.
Temporal trends of inpatient C. difficile infections within the Veterans Health Administration hospitals: An analysis of the effect of molecular testing, time to testing, and mandatory reporting
Authors: Sumon Zarchi E. , Lesse Alan J. , Sellick John A. , Tetewsky Sheldon , Mergenhagen Kari A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a reportable hospital metric associated with significant healthcare expenditures. The epidemiology of CDI is pivotal to the implementation of preventative measures.Objective:To portray temporal CDI trends in Veterans Health Administration (VA) hospitals.Design:A retrospective analysis of veterans who had stool testing for C. difficile.Setting:VA acute-care hospitals within the continental United States.Methods:Data were mined from the VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse. CDI is reported per 10,000 patient days.Results:From 2006 to 2016, 472,346 patients had C. difficile testing. Overall, decreases in incidence of total CDI (16.81 to 13.66) and hospital-onset healthcare facility-associated (HO-HCFA) CDI (10.87 to 6.41) were observed. Temporal increases in the incidence of total and HO-HCFA CDI were associated with the increased use of molecular testing (P < .0001). Decreased use of fluoroquinolones (P < .0001), clindamycin (P = .0006), and third-generation cephalosporins (P = .0002) correlated with decreased rates of CDI, but VA mandatory reporting did not influence CDI rates (P = .24). The overall crude 30-day mortality of patients with CDI decreased from 2.17 deaths per 10,000 patient days in 2006 to 1.41 in 2016. The frequency of International Classification of Disease, Ninth/Tenth Revision (ICD-9/10) discharge diagnosis for CDI was 73.3%.Conclusion:Molecular testing was associated with increased incidence of CDI. Controlling CDI is likely multifactorial. Although the VA initiative to report cases of hospital-acquired CDI was not significant in our model, the advent of stewardship programs throughout the VA and reductions in the use of third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and clindamycin were significantly associated with reduced rates of CDI.
How valuable is a legislative seat? Incumbency effects in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies
Authors: Micozzi Juan Pablo , Lucardi Adrián 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn many developing countries, national legislative seats are considered less valuable than (subnational) executive positions. Even then, ambitious politicians may seek a legislative seat either (a) as a window of opportunity for jumping to an executive office; or (b) as a consolation prize when no better option is available. Using a regression discontinuity design adapted to a pr setting, we examine these possibilities in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies between 1983 and 2011. In line with the consolation prize story, we find that marginal candidates from the Peronist party—which controls most provincial governorships—are more likely to be renominated and serve an additional term in the legislature, but not necessarily to jump to an executive office. The effect is stronger in small provinces.
Persistent socioeconomic and racial and ethnic disparities in pathogen burden in the United States, 1999–2014
Authors: Stebbins R. C. , Noppert G. A. , Aiello A. E. , Cordoba E. , Ward J. B. , Feinstein L. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The disproportionate burden of prevalent, persistent pathogens among disadvantaged groups may contribute to socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in long-term health. We assessed if the social patterning of pathogen burden changed over 16 years in a U.S.-representative sample. Data came from 17 660 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Pathogen burden was quantified by summing the number of positive serologies for cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus-1, HSV-2, human papillomavirus and Toxoplasma gondii and dividing by the number of pathogens tested, giving a percent-seropositive for each participant. We examined sex- and age-adjusted mean pathogen burdens from 1999–2014, stratified by race/ethnicity and SES (poverty-to-income ratio (PIR); educational attainment). Those with a PIR < 1.3 had a mean pathogen burden 1.4–1.8 times those with a PIR > 3.5, with no change over time. Educational disparities were even greater and showed some evidence of increasing over time, with the mean pathogen burden among those with less than a high school education approximately twice that of those who completed more than high school. Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American and other Hispanic participants had a mean pathogen burden 1.3–1.9 times non-Hispanic Whites. We demonstrate that socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in pathogen burden have persisted across 16 years, with little evidence that the gap is closing.
Exploring Diversity and Student Political Activism through Archival Research
Authors: Elder Laurel , Wallace Shelley 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTIn 2011, the American Political Science Association stated that integrating issues of diversity, inclusiveness, and equality into political science curriculum and pedagogy was crucial to the success of the discipline in the twenty-first century. Although consensus is forming about the need to teach diversity, the question of how to do this effectively remains open. This article describes an archives-based assignment in an introduction to American government course created by the authors of this article—a professor of political science and the college archivist—that includes greater understanding of diversity and engaged citizenship as learning objectives. For this assignment, students are immersed in archival material about their own college and tasked with analyzing the political actions of previous generations of students as the civil rights and women’s movements emerged, as the student population became more diverse, and as the campus reacted to national and local events relating to racial intolerance and injustice. By examining their college’s political past—both the conflicts that animated the community and the student-led efforts to make the campus more inclusive—current students engage with issues of diversity and political activism in a way that helps them better understand themselves and their role as citizens in a democratic nation.
Keyword extraction: Issues and methods
Authors: Firoozeh Nazanin , Nazarenko Adeline , Alizon Fabrice , Daille Béatrice 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDue to the considerable growth of the volume of text documents on the Internet and in digital libraries, manual analysis of these documents is no longer feasible. Having efficient approaches to keyword extraction in order to retrieve the ‘key’ elements of the studied documents is now a necessity. Keyword extraction has been an active research field for many years, covering various applications in Text Mining, Information Retrieval, and Natural Language Processing, and meeting different requirements. However, it is not a unified domain of research. In spite of the existence of many approaches in the field, there is no single approach that effectively extracts keywords from different data sources. This shows the importance of having a comprehensive review, which discusses the complexity of the task and categorizes the main approaches of the field based on the features and methods of extraction that they use. This paper presents a general introduction to the field of keyword/keyphrase extraction. Unlike the existing surveys, different aspects of the problem along with the main challenges in the field are discussed. This mainly includes the unclear definition of ‘keyness’, complexities of targeting proper features for capturing desired keyness properties and selecting efficient extraction methods, and also the evaluation issues. By classifying a broad range of state-of-the-art approaches and analysing the benefits and drawbacks of different features and methods, we provide a clearer picture of them. This review is intended to help readers find their way around all the works related to keyword extraction and guide them in choosing or designing a method that is appropriate for the application they are targeting.
A little less talk, a little more action: a dialogical approach to cognitive therapy
Authors: Pugh Matthew 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Reappraisal strategies such as ‘thought challenging’ and ‘cost-benefits analysis’ are a hallmark of cognitive therapy, but sometimes fail to bring about lasting changes in the cognitive-affective structures underlying psychopathology. Modern theories of information processing suggest that experiential, action-based interventions such as chairwork may be a more efficacious route to cognitive modification. Based upon this hypothesis, a ‘dialogical’ approach to cognitive therapy is presented, which aims to bring about change through evocative, here-and-now interactions with parts of the self (self-to-self dialogues) and other individuals (self-to-other dialogues). Implementation principles and facilitation skills which guide this approach are outlined. To illustrate how dialogical interventions are utilized in clinical practice, chair-based strategies for socializing clients to the cognitive behavioural model, restructuring cognitions, facilitating emotional processing, resolving ambivalence, addressing distressing memories, building character strengths, and overcoming therapeutic impasses are described.

Key learning aims
As a result of reading this paper, the reader should:

(1)
Understand the limits of ‘standard’ cognitive techniques.

(2)
Appreciate some of the advantages of experiential methods of intervention, namely chairwork.

(3)
Learn how dialogical interventions are conceptualized, implemented, and facilitated in cognitive therapy.
Surface Moisture Exchange Under Vanishing Wind in Simulations of Idealized Tropical Convection
Authors: Mol Wouter B. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C. , Schlemmer Linda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnder radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE), surface moisture fluxes drive convection, while convection‐driven winds regulate surface fluxes. Most simulations of RCE do not resolve the boundary‐layer turbulence that drives near‐surface winds due to too coarse grid spacing and instead parameterize its effects by enforcing a minimum wind speed in the computation of the ocean‐atmosphere exchange. We show from RCE simulations with fully resolved boundary‐layer turbulence that capturing wind dynamics at low speeds impacts the spatially averaged surface moisture flux, as well as its spatial distribution. A minimum wind speed constraint of only 1 m s−1 leads to ∼10% increase in spatially averaged surface flux in the evolution towards RCE and reduces the surface flux differences between windy and calm regions with more than a factor of two. Hence, the ability of simulations to let wind vanish is key in representing the wind‐induced surface heat exchange feedback and is potentially important in convective self‐aggregation.