bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social investment effects of public education, health care, and welfare service expenditures on economic growth
Authors: Kim Soo‐Wan , Ahn Sang‐Hoon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to theoretically and empirically examine whether public spending in education, health care, and welfare service operates as a fruitful investment in welfare states, which has been implied in the literature of social investment arguments. Based on comprehensive review of existing literature, this study suggested a tripartite mechanism of social investment effect of such spending, that is “enhancement of human capital,” “support for labor force participation,” and “job creation.” To find the empirical evidence, a pooled time‐series cross‐section analysis was conducted with the data of 15 advanced welfare states from 1980 to 2015 using estimation technique of fixed‐effect model. The results confirmed that public spending in education, health care, and welfare service had a positive medium‐term as well as long‐term effect on economic performance, while cash‐type welfare spending had an obscure or no visible effect on economy. Government consumption that is a proxy and control variable of size of the welfare state showed a positive effect on real GDP in the medium term but a negative effect in the long run. In conclusion, this study suggests that reinforcing social services should be recognized and dealt with as essence of social investment strategy.
Unique combination of anti‐paraneoplastic antigen Ma2 antibody‐positive Ophelia syndrome and opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome in an adult Hodgkin’s lymphoma patient
Authors: Petkov Rumen , Valkova Mirena , Alaikov Tzvetan , Guergueltcheva Velina , Shivarov Velizar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundParaneoplastic neurological syndromes are a rare presentation of malignant lymphomas at diagnosis or relapse. The most frequent form is the cerebellar degeneration associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), but several other syndromes, such as limbic encephalitis, sensorimotor neuropathies and dermatomyositis, have also been described in association with both HL and non‐Hodgkin’s lymphomas.Case presentationHere, we describe a unique case of a 64‐year‐old man with HL presenting at diagnosis with two distinct well‐defined paraneoplastic neurological syndromes – autoimmune limbic encephalitis with memory loss and opsoclonus‐myoclonus syndrome. Intriguingly, the patient tested positive for anti‐paraneoplastic antigen Ma2/Ta antibody, which is almost exclusively detected in solid cancers, such as testicular germ cell tumors and small cell lung cancer. The patient had early‐stage HL, and showed rapid improvement of neurological symptoms after initiation of corticosteroid treatment and specific lymphoma therapy with the adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine regimen.ConclusionsThis case supports the general view of the complex immune system deregulation in HL, which can trigger various autoimmune phenomena, even in early‐stage disease.
Fire disturbance influences endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis) relative bird count
Authors: Benscoter Allison M. , Beerens James M. , Pearlstine Leonard G. , Romañach Stephanie S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeriodicity of fire disturbance is a known driver of ecosystem function and is reported as important in both promoting and maintaining viable breeding habitat for the endangered Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow (Ammospiza maritima mirabilis; CSSS). In south Florida, the CSSS serves as a fine‐scale indicator of the marl and mixed‐marl prairie communities of the Florida Everglades. The CSSS distribution is affected by numerous well‐documented physical drivers, including water depth and fire regime. Here, we fit zero‐inflated negative binomial generalized linear mixed models and used model selection to determine the relationship between CSSS bird count observations from 1992 to 2014 and the spatially‐specific fire return interval on the landscape. CSSS bird count was highest at a 5–8‐year fire return interval and increased linearly with the percent of cell burned (400 × 400 m cells). The results of this study can inform management plans designed to maintain existing, and promote new, marl prairie habitat for conservation of the CSSS.
Standardizing CYP2D6 Genotype to Phenotype Translation: Consensus Recommendations from the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium and Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group
Authors: Caudle Kelly E. , Sangkuhl Katrin , Whirl‐Carrillo Michelle , Swen Jesse J. , Haidar Cyrine E. , Klein Teri E. , Gammal Roseann S. , Relling Mary V. , Scott Stuart A. , Hertz Daniel L. , Guchelaar Henk‐Jan , Gaedigk Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Translating CYP2D6 genotype to metabolizer phenotype is not standardized across clinical laboratories offering pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing and PGx clinical practice guidelines, such as the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG). The genotype to phenotype translation discordance between laboratories and guidelines can cause discordant cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) phenotype assignments and, thus lead to inconsistent therapeutic recommendations and confusion among patients and clinicians. A modified‐Delphi method was used to obtain consensus for a uniform system for translating CYP2D6 genotype to phenotype among a panel of international CYP2D6 experts. Experts with diverse involvement in CYP2D6 interpretation (clinicians, researchers, genetic testing laboratorians, and PGx implementers; n = 37) participated in conference calls and surveys. After completion of 7 surveys, a consensus (> 70%) was reached with 82% of the CYP2D6 experts agreeing to the final CYP2D6 genotype to phenotype translation method. Broad adoption of the proposed CYP2D6 genotype to phenotype translation method by guideline developers, such as CPIC and DPWG, and clinical laboratories as well as researchers will result in more consistent interpretation of CYP2D6 genotype.
Local climatic changes affect biodiversity responses to land use: A review
Authors: Williams Jessica J. , Newbold Tim 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimClimate and land‐use change, the greatest pressures on biodiversity, can directly influence each other. One key case is the impact land‐use change has on local climatic conditions: human‐altered areas are often warmer and drier than natural habitats. This can have multiple impacts on biodiversity and is a rapidly developing field of research. Here, we summarize the current state of understanding on the impact that local climatic changes have on biodiversity responses to land‐use change, in particular looking at whether human‐altered land uses favour species with certain climatic niches.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe review studies that have identified links between species' climatic niches and the habitats/land‐use types they inhabit. We also critically discuss the methods used to explore this topic (such as the estimation of fundamental vs. realized climatic niches), identify key knowledge gaps by reference to related macroecological literature and make suggestions for further work.ResultsAssemblages of vertebrate and invertebrate species in numerous human‐dominated land uses have been found to have higher proportions of individuals affiliated with higher temperatures and lower precipitation levels than assemblages within natural habitats. However, uncertainty surrounds the mechanisms that underlie these observed differences between communities across land‐use types, and it remains unexplored as to whether these trends differ geographically or taxonomically.Main conclusionShifts are being observed within human‐altered land uses to communities with, on average, warmer and drier climatic niches. A better understanding of the effects of local climatic changes associated with land‐use change will enhance our ability to predict future impacts on biodiversity, identify the species most at risk from interactions between climate and land‐use change and set up suitable management and conservation plans.
Twenty‐five years of diabetes distress research
Authors: Skinner T. C. , Joensen L. , Parkin T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe term ‘diabetes distress’ first entered the psychosocial research vernacular in 1995, and refers to ‘the negative emotional or affective experience resulting from the challenge of living with the demands of diabetes’. At first the proponents of the concept were hesitant in advocating that diabetes distress was a major barrier to individuals’ self‐care and management of diabetes. Since then, a burgeoning body of evidence, now including several systematic reviews of intervention studies, suggests that diabetes distress, in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, across ages and in all countries and cultures where it has been studied, is common and can be a barrier to optimal emotional well‐being, self‐care and management of diabetes. As a consequence, monitoring diabetes distress as part of routine clinical care is part of many national guidelines. The present narrative review summarizes this research and related literature, to postulate the aetiology of diabetes distress, and thus how it may be prevented. The current evidence base for the management of diabetes distress is summarized, and the next steps in the prevention and management of diabetes distress identified.
Clinical outcomes of 79 traumatically intruded permanent teeth in Chinese children and adolescents: A retrospective study
Authors: Wang Nan , Chen Jie , Zhao Yuming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimData on the clinical outcomes of traumatically intruded, young, permanent teeth in Chinese children and adolescents are absent. The aim of this study was to examine the probability of spontaneous re‐eruption of injured teeth, to investigate the incidence of pulp necrosis with infection of the root canal system and replacement root resorption and to analyse possible factors related to healing complications after injury.Materials and MethodsClinical data from 6‐ to 18‐year‐old patients who sustained intrusive luxation from 2007 to 2016 were reviewed. Teeth were treated by awaiting re‐eruption, orthodontic repositioning or surgical repositioning. The incidences of spontaneous re‐eruption, pulp necrosis with infection, replacement resorption and marginal bone loss were calculated, and factors related to these complications were analysed using Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analyses.ResultsData from 79 teeth in 58 patients (mean age 9.19 ± 2.34 years) were examined over follow‐up periods from 7 to 87 months (median 18 months). Of the 50 teeth awaiting re‐eruption, the incidences of complete re‐eruption and partial re‐eruption were 40.0% and 34.0%, respectively. Teeth intruded <3 mm had a higher complete re‐eruption rate (57.1%) than those with a 3‐7 mm of intrusion (18.2%) (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.15). Of the 52 teeth observed for more than 12 months, pulp necrosis with infection, replacement resorption and marginal bone loss occurred in 57.4%, 15.4% and 61.5% of the teeth, respectively. Teeth with 3‐7 mm (60.9%, HR = 2.97) or >7 mm (100%, HR = 6.44) of intrusion and teeth with uncomplicated crown fracture (85.7%, HR = 5.19) were more likely to develop pulp necrosis with infection. Teeth that received orthodontic or surgical repositioning showed higher incidences of replacement resorption (23.1%, HR = 5.72; 25.0%, HR = 11.68, respectively).ConclusionsSpontaneous re‐eruption of intruded teeth was significantly related to intrusion depth. Intrusion depth and crown fracture had strong relationships with pulp necrosis with infection, whereas the choice of treatment influenced the development of replacement resorption.
Longitudinal changes in mouthguard fit: Reliability of an evaluation method
Authors: Abe Manami , Sugimoto Arisa , Togawa Hitomi , Gonda Tomoya , Maeda Yoshinobu , Ikebe Kazunori 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimA mouthguard should be replaced when it deteriorates or becomes deformed as a result of the softness or flexibility of the material. The question, however, is how long can one use a mouthguard and when should one replace it with a newly made mouthguard? The aim of this study was to develop an improved method for measuring the fit of mouthguards based on previous reports and to examine its reliability.Material and MethodsSilicone fit‐testing material was applied to the inner surface of the mouthguards of 12 participants, and the mouthguards were inserted into the participants' oral cavity. After the test material had set, the mouthguard was weighed. The intra‐rater reliability and inter‐rater reliability were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsThe intra‐rater reliability was 0.813 (P < .001), and the inter‐rater reliability was 0.817 (P < .001). Both values were greater than 0.7, suggesting that this measuring method had sufficient reliability.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that mouthguard fit can be evaluated longitudinally to determine the optimal time to replace a mouthguard.
Effect of adult feeding and timing of host exposure on the fertility and longevity of the parasitoid Anaphes flavipes
Authors: Samková Alena , Hadrava Jiří , Skuhrovec Jiří , Janšta Petr 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe parasitoid Anaphes flavipes (Foerster) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a gregarious egg parasitoid which is widely used in biological control against important crop pest beetles of the genus Oulema (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Here, we present the first experimental examination of the influence of adult feeding and timing of host exposure on the longevity and fertility of this parasitoid. We confirmed a positive effect of adult feeding on longevity of both sexes. Fed parasitoids lived 3× longer than unfed ones. On the other hand, adult feeding and feeding time had no effect on female fertility. The number of hatched offspring was not increased by adult feeding, which suggests that the parasitoid emerges with already mature ovaries (proovigenic type). However, the fertility of fed females was strongly influenced by the timing of host egg exposure. By providing distinct groups of parasitoids with host eggs at different times, we were able to show lower fertility of fed females that had been offered host eggs more than 24 h after hatching. Our results thus show that the parasitoid's fertility is determined by her age at the time of parasitization rather than by feeding.
Phytochemical defences and performance of specialist and generalist herbivores: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Rothwell Elizabeth M. , Holeski Liza M. 
Published: October 2019

1. Phytochemical coevolution theory, a long‐standing paradigm in plant–insect interactions, predicts that specialist herbivores are less negatively affected by the allelochemicals of their host plants than are generalist herbivores. Although this theory is prevalent in plant–insect science, it is not always supported by empirical studies measuring the performance of specialist and generalist insects in response to allelochemicals.2. The present study aimed to investigate: (i) whether there a difference between specialist and generalist performance in response to allelochemicals and (ii) whether the effect of allelochemicals on specialists and generalists depend upon allelochemical class or insect order.3. A meta‐analysis was conducted incorporating 76 effect sizes drawn from studies that directly compared the performance of specialist and generalist insects in response to treatment and control diets. Most of the effect sizes were related to the performance metric growth, the insect order Lepidoptera, and the allelochemical class nitrogen‐containing compounds.4. As predicted by phytochemical coevolution theory, specialist insects responded less negatively to allelochemicals of their hosts than generalist insects in terms of growth. There were no significant differences in terms of fecundity or survival, or among allelochemical classes or insect orders.5. These results support the prediction of phytochemical coevolution theory that specialist insects respond less negatively to allelochemicals of their hosts than generalists, although only in terms of growth.
Cavity type influences abundance of nest‐dwelling avian blow flies: an experiment with tree swallows
Authors: Griebel Ilsa A. , Dawson Russell D. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: October 2019

1. Diverse assemblages of blood‐feeding parasitic arthropods occupy the nests of birds, and nest temperature and humidity can strongly influence the population dynamics of these ectoparasites, with important implications for parasite–host relationships.2. This study used two types of nest box that differed in internal microclimates, one constructed of plywood and the other constructed of boles of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), more closely replicating natural cavities, to examine how nest microclimate affects the prevalence and abundance of nest‐dwelling larval blow flies (Protocalliphora and Trypocalliphora spp.) in nests of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor Vieillot, 1808).3. Based on known microclimatic differences between the box types and responses of larval blow flies to different temperatures, it was predicted that the microclimate of plywood boxes would be more favourable for growth and development of larval blow flies, and therefore have higher abundance, and possibly higher prevalence, of larval blow flies.4. Plywood nest boxes had higher abundance, but not prevalence, of larval blow flies compared with aspen boxes at two different geographical locations in Canada. Nest composition also differed between box types, particularly at one site, where aspen boxes contained more nesting material (grass and feathers) than did plywood boxes.5. Although it seems probable that microclimate was driving the differences between box types in abundance of larval blow flies, several additional explanations are discussed. These findings may have implications for conservation efforts, particularly those where nest boxes are used to aid in the recovery of declining bird populations.
Angiotensin II modulates amphetamine‐induced glial and brain vascular responses, and attention deficit via angiotensin type 1 receptor: Evidence from brain regional sensitivity to amphetamine
Authors: Marchese Natalia Andrea , Occhieppo Victoria Belén , Basmadjian Osvaldo Martin , Casarsa Brenda Solange , Baiardi Gustavo , Bregonzio Claudia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmphetamine‐induced neuroadaptations involve vascular damage, neuroinflammation, a hypo‐functioning prefrontal cortex (PFC), and cognitive alterations. Brain angiotensin II, through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1‐R), mediates oxidative/inflammatory responses, promoting endothelial dysfunction, neuronal oxidative damage and glial reactivity. The present work aims to unmask the role of AT1‐R in the development of amphetamine‐induced changes over glial and vascular components within PFC and hippocampus. Attention deficit was evaluated as a behavioral neuroadaptation induced by amphetamine. Brain microvessels were isolated to further evaluate vascular alterations after amphetamine exposure. Male Wistar rats were administered with AT1‐R antagonist, candesartan, followed by repeated amphetamine. After one week drug‐off period, animals received a saline or amphetamine challenge and were evaluated in behavioral tests. Afterward, their brains were processed for cresyl violet staining, CD11b (microglia marker), GFAP (astrocyte marker) or von Willebrand factor (vascular marker) immunohistochemistry, and oxidative/cellular stress determinations in brain microvessels. Statistical analysis was performed by using factorial ANOVA followed by Bonferroni or Tukey tests. Repeated amphetamine administration increased astroglial and microglial markers immunoreactivity, increased apoptotic cells, and promoted vascular network rearrangement at the PFC concomitantly with an attention deficit. Although the amphetamine challenge improved the attentional performance, it triggers detrimental effects probably because of the exacerbated malondialdehyde levels and increased heat shock protein 70 expression in microvessels. All observed amphetamine‐induced alterations were prevented by the AT1‐R blockade. Our results support the AT1‐R involvement in the development of oxidative/inflammatory conditions triggered by amphetamine exposure, affecting cortical areas and increasing vascular susceptibility to future challenges.
Polyploid plants have faster rates of multivariate niche differentiation than their diploid relatives
Authors: Baniaga Anthony E. , Marx Hannah E. , Arrigo Nils , Barker Michael S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolyploid speciation entails substantial and rapid postzygotic reproductive isolation of nascent species that are initially sympatric with one or both parents. Despite strong postzygotic isolation, ecological niche differentiation has long been thought to be important for polyploid success. Using biogeographic data from across vascular plants, we tested whether the climatic niches of polyploid species are more differentiated than their diploid relatives and if the climatic niches of polyploid species differentiated faster than those of related diploids. We found that polyploids are often more climatically differentiated from their diploid parents than the diploids are from each other. Consistent with this pattern, we estimated that polyploid species generally have higher rates of multivariate niche differentiation than their diploid relatives. In contrast to recent analyses, our results confirm that ecological niche differentiation is an important component of polyploid speciation and that niche differentiation is often significantly faster in polyploids.
Realistic driving simulation during generalized epileptiform discharges to identify electroencephalographic features related to motor vehicle safety: Feasibility and pilot study
Authors: Cohen Eli , Antwi Prince , Banz Barbara C. , Vincent Peter , Saha Rick , Arencibia Christopher A. , Ryu Jun H. , Atac Ece , Saleem Nehan , Tomatsu Shiori , Swift Kohleman , Hu Claire , Krestel Heinz , Farooque Pue , Levy Susan , Wu Jia , Crowley Michael , Vaca Federico E. , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveGeneralized epileptiform discharges (GEDs) can occur during seizures or without obvious clinical accompaniment. Motor vehicle driving risk during apparently subclinical GEDs is uncertain. Our goals were to develop a feasible, realistic test to evaluate driving safety during GEDs, and to begin evaluating electroencephalographic (EEG) features in relation to driving safety.MethodsSubjects were aged ≥15 years with generalized epilepsy, GEDs on EEG, and no clinical seizures. Using a high‐fidelity driving simulator (miniSim) with simultaneous EEG, a red oval visual stimulus was presented every 5 minutes for baseline testing, and with each GED. Participants were instructed to pull over as quickly and safely as possible with each stimulus. We analyzed driving and EEG signals during GEDs.ResultsNine subjects were tested, and five experienced 88 GEDs total with mean duration 2.31 ± 1.89 (SD) seconds. Of these five subjects, three responded appropriately to all stimuli, one failed to respond to 75% of stimuli, and one stopped driving immediately during GEDs. GEDs with no response to stimuli were significantly longer than those with appropriate responses (8.47 ± 3.10 vs 1.85 ± 0.69 seconds, P < .001). Reaction times to stimuli during GEDs were significantly correlated with GED duration (r = 0.30, P = .04). In addition, EEG amplitude was greater for GEDs with no response to stimuli than GEDs with responses, both for overall root mean square voltage amplitude (66.14 μV vs 52.99 μV, P = .02) and for fractional power changes in the frequency range of waves (P < .05) and spikes (P < .001).SignificanceHigh‐fidelity driving simulation is feasible for investigating driving behavior during GEDs. GEDs with longer duration and greater EEG amplitude showed more driving impairment. Future work with a large sample size may ultimately enable classification of GED EEG features to predict individual driving risk.