bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐calibrated interpolation of non‐Cartesian data with GRAPPA in parallel imaging
Authors: Chieh Seng‐Wei , Kaveh Mostafa , Akçakaya Mehmet , Moeller Steen 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo develop a non‐Cartesian k‐space reconstruction method using self‐calibrated region‐specific interpolation kernels for highly accelerated acquisitions.MethodsIn conventional non‐Cartesian GRAPPA with through‐time GRAPPA (TT‐GRAPPA), the use of region‐specific interpolation kernels has demonstrated improved reconstruction quality in dynamic imaging for highly accelerated acquisitions. However, TT‐GRAPPA requires the acquisition of a large number of separate calibration scans. To reduce the overall imaging time, we propose Self‐calibrated Interpolation of Non‐Cartesian data with GRAPPA (SING) to self‐calibrate region‐specific interpolation kernels from dynamic undersampled measurements. The SING method synthesizes calibration data to adapt to the distinct shape of each region‐specific interpolation kernel geometry, and uses a novel local k‐space regularization through an extension of TT‐GRAPPA. This calibration approach is used to reconstruct non‐Cartesian images at high acceleration rates while mitigating noise amplification. The reconstruction quality of SING is compared with conjugate‐gradient SENSE and TT‐GRAPPA in numerical phantoms and in vivo cine data sets.ResultsIn both numerical phantom and in vivo cine data sets, SING offers visually and quantitatively similar reconstruction quality to TT‐GRAPPA, and provides improved reconstruction quality over conjugate‐gradient SENSE. Furthermore, temporal fidelity in SING and TT‐GRAPPA is similar for the same acceleration rates. G‐factor evaluation over the heart shows that SING and TT‐GRAPPA provide similar noise amplification at moderate and high rates.ConclusionThe proposed SING reconstruction enables significant improvement of acquisition efficiency for calibration data, while matching the reconstruction performance of TT‐GRAPPA.
An Early Armenian female warrior of the 8–6 century BC from Bover I site (Armenia)
Authors: Khudaverdyan Anahit Y. , Yengibaryan Azat A. , Hobosyan Suren G. , Hovhanesyan Arshak A. , Saratikyan Ani A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExploration of the weapon‐related traumas on human remains allows us to reconstruct the episodes of violence. This paper is an attempt of reconstructing the life and death of a female buried in the Early Armenian necropolis of Bover I (Shnogh, Lori Province) based on a multidisciplinary approach integrating archaeological, written, and palaeopathological data derived from the skeletal analysis. The remains unearthed in Tomb N 17 belonged to a woman who seemed to live as a professional warrior and was buried as an individual of rank. During our work, we identified a rich array of traumatic lesions, which shed light on her daily activities, occupation, and warfare practice. We also analysed a trapped metal arrowhead in her femur. For this region, projectile injury to bone, induced by an arrow wound, strongly suggests interpersonal aggression. The same individual also suffered blows to the pelvic bone, femur, and tibia. This tomb is the second burial discovered in Armenia that provides evidence on female warriors.
Endogenous Omega‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Reduce the Number and Differentiation of White Adipocyte Progenitors in Mice
Authors: Chen Chih‐Yu , Su Chien‐Wen , Kang Jing X. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesReducing the increased number of white adipocyte progenitors (WAP) is considered a novel approach to controlling obesity. The role of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in regulating the WAP resident population is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of omega‐3 PUFA on the niche composition of adipose‐derived stem cells.MethodsStromal vascular cell fraction (SVF) was collected from subcutaneous fat of wild‐type (WT) and transgenic mice carrying a fat‐1 gene from Caenorhabditis elegans (Fat‐1 mice), which are capable of synthesizing omega‐3 PUFA and have much higher tissue levels of omega‐3 PUFA relative to WT mice. The isolated SVF cells were cultured and used for the examination of adipocyte differentiation, adipogenic markers, fatty acid composition, and WAP numbers.ResultsSVF isolated from Fat‐1 mice (Fat‐1‐SVF) exhibited markedly fewer differentiated adipocytes with smaller cell size and less lipid content than that of WT mice (WT‐SVF). Accordingly, adipogenesis‐related genes and the white adipocyte surface marker ASC‐1 were downregulated in Fat‐1‐SVF relative to WT‐SVF. Furthermore, WAP numbers and adipose tissue macrophages were lower in Fat‐1‐SVF than WT‐SVF.ConclusionsOmega‐3 PUFA can both limit the WAP resident population and suppress their differentiation to white adipocytes, suggesting a new mechanism for the antiobesity effect of omega‐3 PUFA.
Involuntary mental time travel in individuals with schizotypal personality features
Authors: Chen Tao , Liu Lu‐lu , Cui Ji‐fang , Shi Hai‐song , Qin Xiao‐jing , Jia Lu‐xia , Wang Ya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvoluntary mental time travel (MTT) refers to the phenomenon of mentally reliving past experiences or pre‐living possible future events in an involuntary form. Few studies have explored involuntary MTT in individuals with schizotypal personality features. The present study aimed to first explore the psychometric properties of the Involuntary Autobiographic Memory Inventory (IAMI) in a Chinese sample (Study 1), and then to explore whether individuals with schizotypal personality features experience involuntary MTT more frequently than individuals without schizotypal features. Moreover, the study explored whether the aberrant frequency of involuntary MTT is correlated with positive schizotypal features (Study 2). The results showed that the IAMI had good structural validity and reliability in a Chinese sample. Individuals with schizotypal traits reported a significantly higher frequency, less positive emotion, and stronger emotional intensity for both involuntary memories and future thoughts compared with individuals without schizotypal features. Further analyses in individuals with schizotypal personality features showed that the frequencies of both involuntary memories and future thoughts were significantly correlated with positive schizotypal traits. These results have potential theoretical and clinical implications for a comprehensive understanding of involuntary MTT among individuals with schizotypal personality features.
On the primary and secondary antioxidant activity from hydroxy‐methylcoumarins: experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Couttolenc Alan , Díaz‐Porras Ángel , Espinoza César , Medina Manuel E. , Trigos Ángel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, the experimental and theoretical study on the primary and secondary antioxidant activities of three hydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarins were carried out. According to the experimental results obtained in the TEAC test employing ABTS, DPPH and galvinoxyl radicals, coumarin with the most important radical scavenging activity was 7,8‐dihydroxy‐4‐methylcoumarin (HMD), even observing a radical scavenging activity greater than that demonstrated by the Trolox antioxidant. The theoretical results on primary antioxidant capability shown that the HMD has a good radical scavenging activity in lipid media when compared to other molecules with known antioxidant activity. It was also highlighted that HMD showed an excellent radical scavenging capability in aqueous media considering the physiological pH, the results indicated that it even has a more important radical scavenging capability than others coumarins that are considered excellent antioxidants. Hence, HMD showed a great versatility to stabilize different kinds of important biological radicals, in these results were highlighted their great antioxidant activity. In addition to the previous results, the secondary antioxidant activity was studied, the results showed that HMD could inhibit the reduction of the copper and in this way avoid the Haber‐Weiss reactions, which leads to the increase of the hydroxyl radical concentration, and then, to oxidative stress. Therefore, this study shows that the HMD is able to stabilize the radicals in the primary antioxidant activity and avoid the generation of radicals through the Fenton reaction in the secondary antioxidant activity.
Effect of berberine on in vitro metabolism of sulfonylureas: A herb–drug interactions study
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Zhao Kaicun , Bell Celia , Shah Ajit J. 
Published: November 2019

RationalePatients with type 2 diabetes may co‐ingest herbal and prescription medicines to control their blood sugar levels. Competitive binding of drug and herb may mutually affect their metabolism. This can alter the level of drug and its kinetics in the body, potentially causing toxicities or loss of efficacy. Understanding how the metabolism of sulfonylureas like glyburide and gliclazide can be affected by the presence of berberine and vice versa can provide valuable information on the possible risk of toxicities caused by co‐ingestion of drugs.MethodsBerberine and sulfonylureas (glyburide and gliclazide) were co‐incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of a NADPH‐regenerating system. The metabolites of berberine and sulfonylureas were analysed using liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode. The role of individual isozymes in the metabolism of berberine, glyburide and gliclazide was investigated by using specific inhibitors.ResultsIn vitro metabolism of berberine led to the formation of demethyleneberberine (B1a) and its isomer B1b through demethylenation. Berberrubine (B2a) and its isomer B2b were formed through demethylation. The isozymes CYP3A and CYP2D were found to be involved in the metabolism of berberine. In vitro metabolism of glyburide and gliclazide led to the formation of hydroxylated metabolites. The isozymes CYP3A and CYP2C were found to be involved in the metabolism of glyburide. Gliclazide was metabolised by CYP2C. In vitro co‐incubation of glyburide or gliclazide with berberine showed that each drug's metabolism was compromised as they share a common isozyme. A strong negative linear correlation of glyburide or gliclazide metabolite levels and the concentration of berberine confirmed the effect of berberine on the metabolism of sulfonylureas.ConclusionsThe metabolism of sulfonylureas and berberine was affected when these compounds were co‐incubated with each other. This may be attributable to competitive binding of the herb and drug to the catalytic sites of the same isozymes.
Interactions of indole alkaloids with myoglobin: A mass spectrometry based spectrometric and computational method
Authors: Li Ya‐wen , Chi Quan , Feng Tao , Xiao Huaming , Li Linghe , Wang Xian 
Published: November 2019

RationaleInteractions of drug molecules and proteins play important roles in physiological and pathological processes in vivo. It is of significance to establish a reliable strategy for studying protein–drug ligand interactions and would be helpful for the design and screening of new drugs in pharmacological research.MethodsThe interactions between four indole alkaloids (IAs) extracted from Ophiorrhiza japonica (O. japonica) and myoglobin (Mb) protein were investigated using a multi‐spectrometric and computational method of native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (native ESI‐MS), hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX‐MS), circular dichroism (CD) and molecular docking (MD).ResultsThe IA‐bound Mb complexes were analyzed using native ESI‐MS, with the obtained protein‐to‐ligand stoichiometry at 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Binding constants were measured according to the interpretation of MS spectra. MD complemented MS measurements, probing the binding sites and modes of the four IAs to Mb. Analyses involving CD and HDX‐MS demonstrated that exposure to IAs could affect the conformation of Mb by decreasing the α‐helix content and made Mb more susceptible to HDX at the backbone.ConclusionsA new MS‐based integrated analysis method has been developed to successfully study the interactions of Mb and IAs extracted from O. japonica. The experimental and calculation results have good consistency, revealing all of the four IA molecules could bind to Mb to form 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 Mb–IA complexes. The order of binding ability of these IAs to Mb was ophiorrhine B > compound C > ophiorrhine A > compound D. CD and HDX‐MS results indicated that binding with IAs destabilizes Mb. HDX‐MS analysis suggests that Mb becomes more susceptible to HDX, indicating that binding with IAs destabilizes the structure of Mb. In addition, the interaction with IAs affected the overall structure of Mb, ascribed to the decrease of α‐helix content and less folding of the backbone.
An Investigation of PS‐b‐PEO Polymersomes for the Oral Treatment and Diagnosis of Hyperammonemia
Authors: Matoori Simon , Bao Yinyin , Schmidt Aaron , Fischer Eric J. , Ochoa‐Sanchez Rafael , Tremblay Mélanie , Oliveira Mariana M. , Rose Christopher F. , Leroux Jean‐Christophe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAmmonia‐scavenging transmembrane pH‐gradient poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) polymersomes are investigated for the oral treatment and diagnosis of hyperammonemia, a condition associated with serious neurologic complications in patients with liver disease as well as in infants with urea cycle disorders. While these polymersomes are highly stable in simulated intestinal fluids at extreme bile salt and osmolality conditions, they unexpectedly do not reduce plasmatic ammonia levels in cirrhotic rats after oral dosing. Incubation in dietary fiber hydrogels mimicking the colonic environment suggests that the vesicles are probably destabilized during the dehydration of the intestinal chyme. The findings question the relevance of commonly used simulated intestinal fluids for studying vesicular stability. With the encapsulation of a pH‐sensitive dye in the polymersome core, the local pH increase upon ammonia influx could be exploited to assess the ammonia concentration in the plasma of healthy and cirrhotic rats as well as in other fluids. Due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, this polymersome‐based assay could prove useful in the monitoring of hyperammonemic patients and in other applications such as drug screening tests.
Advanced Li2S/Si Full Battery Enabled by TiN Polysulfide Immobilizer
Authors: Hao Zhangxiang , Chen Jie , Yuan Lixia , Bing Qiming , Liu Jingyao , Chen Weilun , Li Zhen , Wang Feng Ryan , Huang Yunhui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLithium sulfide (Li2S) is a promising cathode material with high capacity, which can be paired with nonlithium metal anodes such as silicon or tin so that the safety issues caused by the Li anode can be effectively avoided. However, the Li2S full cell suffers from rapid capacity degradation due to the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, a Li2S/Si full cell is designed with a Li2S cathode incorporated by titanium nitride (TiN) polysulfide immobilizer within parallel hollow carbon (PHC). This full cell delivers a high initial reversible capacity of 702 mAh gLi2S−1 (1007 mAh gsulfur−1) at 0.5 C rate and excellent cyclability with only 0.4% capacity fade per cycle over 200 cycles. The long cycle stability is ascribed to the strong polysulfide anchor effect of TiN and highly efficient electron/ion transport within the interconnected web‐like architecture of PHC. Theoretical calculations, self‐discharge measurements, and anode stability experiments further confirm the strong adsorption of polysulfides on the TiN surface. The present work demonstrates that the flexible Li2S cathode and paired Si anode can be used to achieve highly efficient Li‐S full cells.
Parameter studies on imperfections for the LTB‐design of members based on EN 1993‐1‐1
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Fominow Sergei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSelected, extended paper from the SDSS 2019 special session ECCS/TC8 – Structural StabilityThe stability design of members and structures based on a geometrically nonlinear analysis with equivalent initial geometric imperfections (GNIA) is a commonly used method. In the case of lateral torsional buckling (LTB) of members, the regulations in EN 1993‐1‐1 are unsatisfactory. With the current code, but also with the new draft prEN 1993‐1‐1 results are achieved, some of which are significantly too conservative as well as lacking in terms of safety. The reasons for this are the specified shape of imperfection as bow imperfections e0 out of plane, an inappropriate differentiation related to the cross‐section shape and yield strength, as well as neglecting the influence of the moment distribution over the member lengths. Parameter studies have shown that a distinction is required due to the different structural behaviours of members loaded with pure bending, pure compression, or a combination of bending and compression. This article presents current research results that consider the case of pure bending of I‐ and H‐profiles. The dependencies of the profile shape, the cross‐sectional resistance model and the influence of steel grades are analysed with respect to the height of the equivalent geometric imperfection to be applied.
About ECCS and its Technical Committee TC8 on the Stability of Steel Structures
Authors: Snijder (Bert) , Lindner Joachim 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe mission, rich history and numerous achievements of the Technical Committee TC8 “Stability of Steel Structures” of the European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS), which is active since 1958, are highlighted by present and former chairpersons.
Multi‐objective design and performance investigation of a high‐rise building with track nonlinear energy sinks
Authors: Wang Jingjing , Wierschem Nicholas E. , Wang Bin , Spencer Billie F. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a track nonlinear energy sink (track NES) and a single‐sided vibro‐impact track nonlinear energy sink (SSVI track NES) as effective control strategies to mitigate the seismic response of high‐rise buildings. The study commences with the analytical models of the track NES and the SSVI track NES and the state‐space description of the control system. Subsequently, single‐objective and multi‐objective optimizations are conducted, and the performance of these devices is evaluated comprehensively in terms of control effectiveness and economic factors when attached to a representative 32‐story high‐rise building. Numerical results show that the SSVI track NES exhibits strong robustness against changes in the structural stiffness and the input energy level. Compared with the track NES and tuned mass damper, the multio‐bjectively designed SSVI track NES is shown to be the most cost‐effective device because it has a very small stroke and requires only slight damping. The cost‐effectiveness of the SSVI track NES is also demonstrated on a 20‐story shear‐frame building. Additionally, the seismic performance of the SSVI track NES can be further improved by adjusting the position of the impact surface. Therefore, the track NES and, more so, the SSVI track NES can be designed as highly cost‐effective control strategies and offer a promising solution for seismic response mitigation of high‐rise buildings.
On the structural response of two‐ and three‐bladed vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Malcolm David J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVertical axis wind turbines have suffered from the periodic nature of the aerodynamic loads and early efforts at commercialization were plagued by fatigue issues resulting from an inability to anticipate critical resonances. This paper examines the criteria for determining whether intersections of harmonics of the rotor speeds and natural frequencies will be damaging in two‐ or three‐bladed machines. The approach involves expressing the complex natural modes and also the aerodynamic loads and structural response as components of the real, stationary modes. The results show that the symmetry offered by three‐bladed rotors leads to many intersections being benign whereas the two‐bladed rotor does not benefit in this way.
Dynamics of a four‐wheeled mobile robot with Mecanum wheels
Authors: Zeidis Igor , Zimmermann Klaus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper deals with the dynamics of a mobile robot with four Mecanum wheels. For such a system the kinematical rolling conditions lead to non‐holonomic constraints. From the framework of non‐holonomic mechanics Chaplygin's equation is used to obtain the exact equation of motion for the robot. Solving the constraint equations for a part of generalized velocities by using a pseudoinverse matrix the mechanical system is transformed to another system that is not equivalent to the original system. Limiting the consideration to certain special types of motions, e.g., translational motion of the robot or its rotation relative to the center of mass, and impose appropriate constraints on the torques applied to the wheels, the solution obtained by means of the pseudoinverse matrix will coincide with the exact solution. In these cases, the constraints imposed on the system become holonomic constraints, which justifies using Lagrange's equations of the second kind. Holonomic character of the constraints is a sufficient condition for applicability of Lagrange's equations of the second kind but it is not a necessary condition. Using the methods of non‐holonomic mechanics a greather class of trajectories can be achieved.
Guided wave characteristics in the functionally graded two‐dimensional hexagonal quasi‐crystal plate
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yu Jiangong , Zhang Xiaoming , Elmaimouni Lahoucine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDue to the limit of preparation technology, defects, such as cracks and inclusions, are inevitable in the functionally graded quasi‐crystal material. For the purpose of the guided wave non‐destructive testing on the functionally graded (FG) two‐dimensional(2‐D) hexagonal quasi‐crystal(QC) plates, Lamb and SH wave characteristics in the context of the Bak's model are investigated by means of the Legendre polynomial method. The convergence of the polynomial method applied on the FG 2‐D hexagonal QC plate is analyzed. Some new wave characteristics resulted from the phonon‐phason coupling effect are revealed. There are three Lamb‐like modes without cut‐off frequencies for the x‐y and y‐z QC plates, but four Lamb‐like modes without cut‐off frequencies for the x‐z QC plate. For phonon modes, phonon displacements and stresses are bigger than phason displacements and stresses. However, they are just opposite for phason modes. It can be utilized to distinguish phonon modes and phason modes.
Systematics of consistent truncations from generalised geometry
Authors: Cassani Davide , Josse Grégoire , Petrini Michela , Waldram Daniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We present a generalised geometry framework for systematically constructing consistent truncations of ten- and eleven-dimensional supergravity preserving varying fractions of supersymmetry. Truncations arise when there is a reduced structure group GS of the exceptional generalised geometry, such that the intrinsic torsion is a GS -singlet. The matter content of the truncated theory follows from group-theoretical arguments, while the gauging is determined by the sub-algebra of generalised diffeomorphisms generated by the GS -singlet vectors. After discussing the general ideas across different spacetime dimensions and amounts of supersymmetry, we provide detailed formulae for truncations to gauged half-maximal supergravity in five dimensions. In particular, we establish an expression for the generalised metric on the exceptional tangent bundle, which determines the scalar truncation ansatz. As applications, we show that this formalism gives a simple derivation of a new consistent truncation of type IIB supergravity on β-deformed Lunin-Maldacena geometries, yielding half-maximal supergravity coupled to two vector multiplets, and of the truncation of eleven-dimensional supergravity on Maldacena-Núñez geometries, given by S4 twisted over a Riemann surface, which leads to half-maximal supergravity coupled to three vector multiplets.