bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between quality of work life and work-life-balance mediating role of job stress, job satisfaction and job commitment: evidence from India
Authors: Aruldoss Alex , Kowalski Kellyann Berube , Parayitam Satyanarayana 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between quality of work-life (QWL) and work-life balance (WLB).Design/methodology/approachUsing a structured survey instrument, this paper gathered data from 445 respondents in cosmopolitan city in southern part of India. First psychometric properties of the instrument were tested, and then hierarchical regression was used as a statistical technique for analyzing the data.FindingsThe hierarchical regression results indicated that QWL is (1) negatively related to job stress, (2) positively related to job satisfaction and (3) positively related to job commitment. The results also indicated that (1) job stress is negatively related to WLB, (2) job satisfaction is positively related to WLB and (3) job commitment is positively related to WLB. The results also show partial mediation of job stress, job satisfaction, and job commitment in the relationship between QWL and WLB.Research limitations/implicationsSince the present research is based on self-report measures, the limitations of social desirability bias and common method bias are inherent. However, sufficient care is taken to minimize these limitations. The research has implications for human resource managers in work organizations.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to both practicing managers and the literature on human resource management. The study suggests that employers need to be aware of the importance of quality of work-life and work-life balance in achieving organizational effectiveness.Social implicationsThe study is expected to contribute to the welfare of the society in terms of identifying the antecedents of work-life balance.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights about the effects of QWL on WLB through mediating variables. This is a conceptual model developed and tested and first of its kind in India.
Improving patient safety in two French hospitals: why teamwork training is not enough
Authors: Petit dit Dariel Odessa , Cristofalo Paula 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe persistent challenges that healthcare organizations face as they strive to keep patients safe attests to a need for continued attention. To contribute to better understanding the issues currently defying patient safety initiatives, this paper reports on a study examining the aftermath of implementing a national team training program in two hospital units in France.Design/methodology/approachData were drawn from a longitudinal qualitative study analyzing the implementation of a French patient safety program aimed at improving teamwork in hospitals. Data collection took place over a four-year period (2015–2019) in two urban hospitals in France and included multiple interviews with 31 participants and 150 h of observations.FindingsDespite explicit efforts to improve inter-professional teamwork, three main obstacles interfered with healthcare professionals' attempts at safeguarding patients: perspectival variations in what constituted “patient safety”, a paradoxical injunction to do more with less and conflicting organizational priorities.Originality/valueThis paper exposes patient safety as misleadingly consensual and identifies a lack of alignment between stakeholders in the complex system that is a hospital. This ultimately interferes with patient safety objectives and highlights that even well-equipped, frontline actors cannot achieve long-term results without more systemic organizational changes.
Government funding and fundraising: an online experiment of nonprofit leader preferences and personality
Authors: Kim Mirae , Mason Dyana P. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeMany empirical studies have focused on whether public funding leverages (crowds in) or discourages (crowds out) private giving behavior, finding mixed results. Recent studies suggest the need to examine how nonprofits adjust their fundraising efforts after experiencing cuts or increases in government funding, which can then influence donor behavior.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors conduct an online survey experiment with nonprofit managers to test how nonprofits respond to changes in government funding.FindingsThe authors find some evidence that nonprofit organizations would change their fundraising expenses when facing cuts in government funding, yet the authors also find that the change could be either to increase or decrease fundraising spending. Since decisions are made by executive directors, the study also considered how executive personality type as maximizers or satisficers may interact with institutional and environmental constraints in decision-making. When funding goals are met, executives tend to behave as “satisficers” and are unlikely to make significant changes, even when their individual personality is more consistent with being a “maximizer.”Research limitations/implicationsThe authors find these results to be the reflection of the current environment in which many nonprofits operate, characterized by pressures to keep operating costs low. The results of the experiment have implications for both funding agencies and nonprofits that strive to enhance the capacity of nonprofit services.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to untangle the multilayered relationships between government funding, fundraising, leader preferences and personalities, and donations using an experimental approach with current nonprofit leaders.
I need to know my past: Black fifth-graders on race and racism
Authors: Walker Irenea , Russell William B. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis research study focuses on fifth-grade African American students who attend an all-Black charter school whose administration and teachers are committed to providing Black history instruction throughout the year. To fulfill the school's mission, the teachers integrate additional resources into the curriculum that includes lessons and activities about Black history. Therefore, the study sought to answer the following question: How does learning Black history throughout the school year impact African American fifth-grade students' self-esteem and positive self-image? The authors examined student work, conducted observations and listened as the participants engaged in critical discussions about race and racism.Design/methodology/approachWay to Go (WTG) is a K-12 public charter school located in an urban mid-size city in Florida, with a 100% Black student population; all WTG students receive scholarships and free lunch. The 15 participants in this study self-identified as African American fifth-grade students. The authors conducted a qualitative research study that included 13 observations, an analysis of five student work samples and a focus group interview with seven students. They used interpretative phenomenology to gather African American fifth-grade students' experiences and their interpretations of these experiences (Moustakas, 1994) while acquiring information about Black history.FindingsThe themes that emerged are it's time to go, unsung heroes and Black history is exciting. In the first theme, they learned why Blacks migrated from the South to northern cities and understood why it was time for them to go. Next, they explored the history of unsung Blacks who inspired them to think about a variety of careers to pursue. Finally, they were excited to learn Black history because they understood the importance of learning this history in order to grapple with current events, and they recognized that knowledge of this history would improve their self-worth and life choices.Originality/valueWTG charter school exemplifies what schools should attain for regarding the teaching of Black history. Since elementary school provides the foundation for learning, it is the best time to teach African American students about self-esteem and what it means to be proud of their Blackness. The fifth-graders in this study exemplified how African American students take pride in their history and have a positive sense of self-worth when taught Black history. Black history lessons and activities such as the ones utilized in WTG school will benefit African American students and contribute to their success as students.
Legislators, organizations and ties: Understanding interest group recognition in the European Parliament
Authors: IBENSKAS RAIMONDAS , BUNEA ADRIANA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhat explains Members of European Parliament's (MEPs’) decisions to recognize some interest groups as relevant policy actors? Addressing this question is fundamental for understanding the role of political elites in shaping patterns of interest representation and interest groups’ role in legislative decision making. Building on theories of legislative behaviour and informational theories of legislative lobbying, we argue that MEPs give recognition to those organizations that are instrumental for achieving key political goals: re‐election, career‐progression and policy influence. The pursuit of these goals generates different patterns of MEP recognition of interest groups. We contribute to the literature in three ways. Conceptually, we propose interest group recognition as a key concept for understanding interactions and links between legislative and non‐legislative actors. We illustrate the high conceptual relevance of recognition for interest groups research while noting its conspicuous neglect in the literature. We address this gap and place the concept central stage in understanding legislators’ attention to and behaviour towards interest organizations. Theoretically, we build on a classic framework explaining legislators’ behaviour and refine it through the lenses of informational theories of legislative lobbying. We argue and show that legislators recognize organizations that enhance electoral prospects in their home Member States, and that legislator–group ideological proximity and an interest group's prominence in a specific policy field affect MEPs’ decisions to recognize some organizations as relevant actors. Our argument acknowledges the importance of the broader context in which MEPs operate and pays attention to how they react to and interact with it. Empirically, we propose an original and innovative research design to identify and measure recognition with the help of social media data. Our measurement strategy constitutes a significant improvement insofar that it reduces the challenges of measurement bias usually associated with self‐reported data generated through interviews, surveys, or the textual analysis of newspaper articles and official documents. Our research design allows using fine‐grained measures of key dependent and explanatory variables and offers the very first analysis of MEP interest group recognition that holds across decision‐making events and policy areas. We test our argument on a new dataset with 4 million observations recording the recognition of more than 7,000 organizations by 80 per cent of MEPs serving in EP8. We find that MEPs are more likely to recognize organizations from their Member State, particularly under flexible‐ and open‐list electoral institutions. MEPs are also more likely to recognize organizations that share their ideological affinities and are prominent actors in policy areas legislators specialize in.
Institutionalizing problem‐oriented policing: An evaluation of the EMUN reform in Israel
Authors: Weisburd David , Hasisi Badi , Litmanovitz Yael , Carmel Tomer , Tshuva Shani 
Published: August 2020

Research SummaryIn 1979 Herman Goldstein proposed a radical reform—problem‐oriented policing (POP)—which has had tremendous impact on scholars and practitioners. Even though his paper and subsequent work led to a large body of literature on how to carry out problem‐oriented policing tactics, scholars have often ignored the question of how POP can be institutionalized in police agencies. In this article, we evaluate a reform in Israel—EMUN— that attempted to institutionalize problem‐oriented policing on a national scale. Focusing on property crime, we compare three treatment stations (with high, moderate, and low crime) with control stations chosen through a systematic matching procedure. We find that there are large and significant reductions in the targeted areas (termed “polygons”) for high‐ and moderate‐property‐ crime stations as compared with the control stations. We also do not find evidence of displacement but instead evidence of significant diffusions of crime control benefits. Importantly, property crime declines occurred in these stations overall. Significant benefits were not found for the low‐crime treatment station. We attribute this to the low base rate of crimes and low resource allocation in this station.Policy ImplicationsThese findings suggest that the EMUN reform provides a potential model for institutionalizing problem‐oriented policing as an organizational reform. EMUN attempted to support and reinforce each of the main steps of the problem‐oriented policing model. It also developed sophisticated computer tools to aid in this process that not only supported problem‐solving efforts but also allowed for wide‐scale supervision of each stage of the POP model.
Understanding inhaled Technosphere Insulin: Results of an early randomized trial in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: McGill Janet B. , Weiss Daniel , Grant Marshall , Jones Marisa C. , Kendall David M. , Hoogwerf Byron J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTechnosphere Insulin (TI) is an inhaled insulin. Studies comparing TI with short‐acting insulin analogues provide important insights on efficacy, dosing, and time course of action.MethodsPlanned enrollment of 230 subjects was limited to 138 due to premature study discontinuation. The primary efficacy endpoint was a noninferiority of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 0.4% for TI compared with insulin lispro (LIS) in a 16‐week phase 3 randomized clinical trial in type 1 diabetes mellitus.ResultsHbA1c values were similar in the TI and LIS groups at the beginning of the trial (7.8% and 7.6%, respectively) and at trial endpoint (7.7% and 7.6%, respectively). Least squares mean changes from baseline were similar between study groups. Glucose values after a standard meal were significantly lower with TI in the first 90 minutes post meal compared with LIS. Mild or moderate hypoglycemia event rates were also significantly lower with TI compared with LIS (5.97 vs 8.01, respectively; P = .0269). Cough was the most commonly reported adverse event with TI. Pulmonary function as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second was not different between groups at baseline, 16 weeks, or 4 weeks off study drug.ConclusionsHbA1c was unchanged and overall glucose control was comparable between groups. Treatment with TI resulted in improved post‐meal glucose and a lower risk of hypoglycemia compared with LIS.
Cereal asparagine synthetase genes
Authors: Raffan Sarah , Halford Nigel G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAsparagine synthetase catalyses the transfer of an amino group from glutamine to aspartate to form glutamate and asparagine. The accumulation of free (nonprotein) asparagine in crops has implications for food safety because free asparagine is the precursor for acrylamide, a carcinogenic contaminant that forms during high‐temperature cooking and processing. Here we review publicly available genome data for asparagine synthetase genes from species of the Pooideae subfamily, including bread wheat and related wheat species (Triticum and Aegilops spp.), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and rye (Secale cereale) of the Triticeae tribe. Also from the Pooideae subfamily: brachypodium (Brachypodium dIstachyon) of the Brachypodiae tribe. More diverse species are also included, comprising sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and maize (Zea mays) of the Panicoideae subfamily and rice (Oryza sativa) of the Ehrhartoideae subfamily. The asparagine synthetase gene families of the Triticeae species each comprise five genes per genome, with the genes assigned to four groups: 1, 2, 3 (subdivided into 3.1 and 3.2) and 4. Each species has a single gene per genome in each group, except that some bread wheat varieties (genomes AABBDD) and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccoides; genomes AABB) lack a group 2 gene in the B genome. This raises questions about the ancestry of cultivated pasta wheat and the B genome donor of bread wheat, suggesting that the hybridisation event that gave rise to hexaploid bread wheat occurred more than once. In phylogenetic analyses, genes from the other species cluster with the Triticeae genes, but brachypodium, sorghum and maize lack a group 2 gene, while rice has only two genes, one group 3 and one group 4. This means that TaASN2, the most highly expressed asparagine synthetase gene in wheat grain, has no equivalent in maize, rice, sorghum or brachypodium. An evolutionary pathway is proposed in which a series of gene duplications gave rise to the five genes found in modern Triticeae species.
Postmortem toxicological analyses of blood samples from 107 patients receiving opioid agonist treatment: substances detected and pooled opioid and benzodiazepine concentrations
Authors: Bech Anne Berit , Clausen Thomas , Waal Helge , Vindenes Vigdis , Edvardsen Hilde Erøy , Frost Joachim , Skeie Ivar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo present the substances and their concentrations detected postmortem in patients receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) stratified by cause of death, estimate the pooled opioid and benzodiazepine concentrations using established conversion factors for blood concentrations from the Norwegian Road Traffic Act and explore the association between drug‐induced cause of death and the pooled opioid and benzodiazepine concentrations.DesignCross‐sectional nation‐wide study.SettingNorway.ParticipantsOne hundred and seven patients who died during OAT (i.e. within 5 days after the last intake of OAT medication) between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015, with postmortem femoral blood available for toxicology. Data were collected from hospital records, the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry and autopsy reports.MeasurementsPresence of alcohol and non‐alcohol substances in the bloodstream postmortem, determined through records of toxicology of postmortem femoral blood.FindingsA median of four substances was detected across the causes of death. At least one benzodiazepine was detected in 81 (76%) patients. The median pooled opioid concentration was significantly higher in drug‐induced deaths compared with other causes of death (362 versus 182 ng/ml, P < 0.001), in contrast to the pooled benzodiazepine concentration (5466 versus 5701 ng/ml, P = 0.353). The multivariate regression analysis showed that only increasing pooled opioid concentration (ng/ml) was associated with increased odds of a drug‐induced cause of death (odds ratio = 1.003; 95% confidence interval = 1.001–1.006).ConclusionsIn Norway, overall opioid concentration seems to play an important role in drug‐induced deaths during opioid agonist treatment in patients prescribed methadone or buprenorphine. Patients prescribed buprenorphine tend to replace their agonist with full agonists, while patients prescribed methadone tend to have high opioid concentrations from methadone as the only opioid.
The Asp298Asn polymorphism of melanocortin‐4 receptor (MC4R) in pigs: evidence for its potential effects on MC4R constitutive activity and cell surface expression
Authors: Zhang J. , Li J. , Wu C. , Hu Z. , An L. , Wan Y. , Fang C. , Zhang X. , Li J. , Wang Y. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn humans and mice, melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R) and melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) can form a complex and control energy balance, thus regulating body weight and obesity. In pigs, a missense variant (p.Asp298Asn) of MC4R has been suggested to be associated with growth and fatness; however, the effect of Asp298Asn substitution on MC4R function is controversial, limiting its application in animal breeding. Here we examined the effect of this polymorphism on MC4R constitutive activity, cell surface expression and signaling, and its interaction with MRAP2 in pigs. We found that: (i) both pig MC4RAsp and MC4RAsn can be activated by its ligands (α‐MSH and ACTH) and stimulate cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, as detected by pGL3–CRE–luciferase reporter assay, indicating that, like pMC4RAsp, pMC4RAsn is coupled to the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway; (ii) compared with pMC4RAsp, pMC4RAsn loses the basal constitutive activity and shows a decreased surface expression, as detected by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and Nano‐HiBiT system; (iii) as in other vertebrates, both pMC4RAsp and pMC4RAsn can interact with pMRAP2, thus decreasing receptor surface expression and enhancing ligand sensitivity, although, in contrast to pMC4RAsp, the basal constitutive activity of pMC4RAsn cannot be affected by pMRAP2; and (iv) RNA‐seq data analysis revealed a co‐expression of MC4R and MRAP2 in pig hypothalamus. Taken together, our data provide convincing evidence that Asp298Asn substitution decreases the constitutive activity and cell surface expression of MC4R or MC4R–MRAP2 complex, which may affect energy balance and be a valuable selection marker for breeding programs in pigs.
Anatomy of the dura mater venous sinus of Alouatta belzebul
Authors: Sabec Pereira Dayane Kelly , de Melo Fabiano Rodrigues , de Melo Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves , Pereira Kleber Fernando , Vulcani Valcinir Aloisio Scalla 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe anatomy of the dura mater's venous sinuses is important in the veterinary clinical and surgical area, for cranial procedures and interventions of wild animals, in addition to assisting in the management of neurological diseases, which can prevent serious complications. The macroscopic anatomy of the venous sinuses of the dura mater of Alouatta belzebul was studied. Five adult specimens, males and females, were dissected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. In the dura mater of the Alouatta belzebul, nine venous sinuses were observed, being them dorsal sagittal sinus, ventral sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, straight sinus, sigmoid sinus, temporal sinus, parietal sinus, basilar sinus and cavernous sinus, with morphological similarities in origin, path and destination of blood flow to the internal jugular vein, assisting in the venous drainage function of the brain in this species. These data are similar to those found in other species of non‐human and human primates such as Saimiri sciureus, Sapajus libidinosus and Homo sapiens. Of the venous sinuses observed, the cavernous sinus was of considerable clinical and surgical importance in Alouatta belzebul due to its topographic arrangement next to the internal carotid artery and pituitary gland, data that corroborate Sapajus libidinosus, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta, Papio ursinus, Cercopithecus pygerithrus and Galago senegalensis. In this context, the knowledge of the macroscopic anatomy of the venous sinuses of the dura mater may contribute to the role of veterinarians in less invasive surgical procedures in non‐human primates such as Alouatta belzebul and other mammals.