bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol prompts rapid changes in cannabinoid CB1 receptor immunolabeling and subcellular structure in CA1 hippocampus of young adult male mice
Authors: Bonilla‐Del Río Itziar , Puente Nagore , Mimenza Amaia , Ramos Almudena , Serrano Maitane , Lekunberri Leire , Gerrikagoitia Inmaculada , Christie Brian R. , Nahirney Patrick C. , Grandes Pedro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use and abuse of cannabis can be associated with significant pathophysiology, however, it remains unclear whether (1) acute administration of Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during early adulthood alters the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor localization and expression in cells of the brain, and (2) THC produces structural brain changes. Here we use electron microscopy and a highly sensitive pre‐embedding immunogold method to examine CB1 receptors in the hippocampus cornu ammonis subfield 1 (CA1) 30 min after male mice were exposed to a single THC injection (5 mg/kg). The findings show that acute exposure to THC can significantly decrease the percentage of CB1 receptor immunopositive terminals making symmetric synapses, mitochondria, and astrocytes. The percentage of CB1 receptor‐labeled terminals forming asymmetric synapses was unaffected. Lastly, CB1 receptor expression was significantly lower at terminals of symmetric and asymmetric synapses as well as in mitochondria. Structurally, CA1 dendrites were significantly larger, and contained more spines and mitochondria following acute THC administration. The area of the dendritic spines, synaptic terminals, mitochondria, and astrocytes decreased significantly following acute THC exposure. Altogether, these results indicate that even a single THC exposure can have a significant impact on CB1 receptor expression, and can alter CA1 ultrastructure, within 30 min of drug exposure. These changes may contribute to the behavioral alterations experienced by young individuals shortly after cannabis intoxication.
CSS: Handling imbalanced data by improved clustering with stratified sampling
Authors: Cao Lu , Shen Hong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe traditional support vector machine technique (SVM) has drawbacks in dealing with imbalanced data. To address this issue, in this paper we propose an algorithm of improved clustering with stratified sampling technique (CSS) to improve the classification performance of SVMs on imbalanced datasets. Instead of applying a single type of sampling method as used in the literature, our algorithm treats different type of classes with different sampling methods. For minority classes, the algorithm uses oversampling method by adding noise which obeys normal distribution around every support vector to generate new samples. For majority classes, samples are first divided into different clusters by applying first the improved clustering by fast search to find of density peaks (CFSFDP) to obtain latent structure information in each majority class and then stratified sampling method is applied to extract samples from each subcluster of the majority class. Moreover, we further extend this method into an ensemble classifiers that use multiple base SVM classifiers for prediction. The experimental results of classification on several imbalanced classification datasets show that our CSS is more effective than the state‐of‐the‐art sampling methods.
Rational Design of a Nd3+‐Mn4+ Co‐doped Luminescent Thermometer: Towards High‐Sensitivity Temperature Sensing
Authors: Wang Shuxian , Zhang Jinpu , Wu Jiaming , Ye Zhengmao , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh temperature sensitivity is an important development direction for luminescent thermometers, especially in the physiological temperature range. Herein, neodymium(III) and manganese(IV) ions were co‐doped into a yttrium gallium garnet host (YGG) and the relevant dopant concentrations were optimized in detail. The temperature‐dependent spectral survey indicates that when the temperature was above 240 K, the 2Eg→4A2g transition of Mn4+ and the 4F5/2→4I9/2 emission of Nd3+ show strong fluorescence quenching and gradual fluorescence enhancement, respectively. Such an apparent contrast mainly originates from the nonradiative cross‐relaxation between 2Eg (or 4T2g) and 4A2g states of Mn4+ and thermal coupling between the 4F5/2 and 4F3/2 levels of Nd3+, respectively. The obvious difference in fluorescence between the two luminescent ions leads to an excellent temperature sensing performance. The obtained relative sensitivity shows a maximum value at 280 K (7.90 % K−1) and maintains a magnitude above 5.00 % K−1 over the whole physiological temperature range. Moreover, the related temperature uncertainties are below 0.1 K from 298 K to 323 K, and the repeatability capability is larger than 98 %. The findings in this study offer a feasible approach to promote the sensing capability of temperature sensors by rationally designing co‐doping systems.
Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Li Chenchen , Na Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConversion of biomass‐derived platform compounds into value‐added chemicals will reduced the current dependence on carbon resources from fossil reserves. In recent years, catalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has received extensive attention due to the widespread application of 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). A photocatalyst system is a cost‐effective way of O2 utilization as a green chemical oxidant for HMF oxidation. Moreover, replacement of the kinetically sluggish water oxidation with HMF oxidation can promote hydrogen production during photo water splitting. This review provides a concise and up‐to‐date overview of photocatalyst systems for HMF oxidation, giving special attention to catalyst material design, product selectivity, mechanistic insight, and catalyst stability. The chemistry discussed in this review is an attempt to provide inspiration for researchers to develop efficient photocatalyst systems for solar biorefinery.
Synthesis of the First Oxaphosphirane Iron Complexes
Authors: Streubel Rainer , Volk Niklas , Schnakenburg Gregor , García Alcaraz Antonio , Espinosa Ferao Arturo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSynthesis of the first P‐CPh3 substituted oxaphosphirane iron(0) complexes was achieved, representing a more cost‐efficient access to these versatile ligands. While reactions with very electron‐deficient aldehydes such as pentafluoro‐ and 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐benzaldehyde were selective to give oxaphosphirane complexes 3 a,b, those with less electronically activated benzaldehydes were very sensitive towards traces of water, and oxaphosphirane complexes 6 a–d were obtained as mixtures with the hydroxyphosphane iron complex 5 in competing reactions. As a case in point, complex 3 a was converted into 1,3,4‐oxazaphospholane complex 6 using an acid‐induced ring‐expansion protocol and acetonitrile. The formation of oxaphosphirane complexes from Li/Cl phosphinidenoid complexes and carbonyl units was studied for the first time through theoretical calculations using appropriate model species.
Diazo Glutaconimides: an Unexplored Type of Heterocyclic α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds Conveniently Evolved into Pyridine‐2,6(1H,3H)‐diones and Oxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridin‐5(4H)‐ones
Authors: Guranova Natalia , Kantin Grigory , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA convenient general approach towards 1,4‐disubstituted α‐diazo glutaconimides starting from β‐substituted glutaconic acid anhydrides has been developed. It involves condensation with amines and subsequent diazo transfer reaction. This new class of diazocarbonyl heterocycles has been converted into a series of polysubstituted pyridine‐2,6(1H,3H)‐diones and oxazolo[5,4‐b]pyridin‐5(4H)‐ones via a Rh2(esp)2‐catalyzed XH‐insertion reaction and [3+2] cycloaddition with nitriles, respectively.
Logjams as a driver of transient storage in a mountain stream
Authors: Ader Ethan , Wohl Ellen , McFadden Sawyer , Singha Kamini 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe use four stream segments along a wood‐rich, pool–riffle mountain stream in the Southern Rockies of Colorado, USA to examine how spatial variations in wood load and variations in discharge during and after the snowmelt peak flow influence the magnitude of surface and subsurface transient storage. Segments range in complexity from a single channel with no large wood to an anabranching channel with closely spaced, channel‐spanning logjams. Discharges at which transient storage was assessed range from base flow to snowmelt peak flow. To explore these relations, we used 10 geomorphic variables representing channel morphology and bed substrate, four wood‐related variables representing wood load and associated backwater storage, and two measures of skewness from instream and bulk electrical conductivity breakthrough curves during tracer tests. Instream curves reflect surface and subsurface transient storage, whereas bulk curves primarily represent subsurface transient storage. Higher values of skewness indicate greater retention, and we used the values here as a metric of increased transient storage. Although limited sample size restricts the power of our results, our findings suggest that stream segments with greater instream large wood loads have more and larger pools, greater storage of fine sediment and particulate organic matter, and higher values of skew from instream conductivity. The results also suggest that the presence of instream wood, rather than changes in channel morphology associated with wood, is the most important driver of transient storage. This implies that river management designed to foster transient storage should focus on retaining instream large wood. We did not find significant correlations between geomorphic or wood‐related variables and the skew estimated from bulk conductivity, which may reflect the relatively thin alluvium present in the field area and the prevalence of surface transient storage in this system.
Can genetically modified (GM) crops act as possible alternatives to mitigate world political conflicts for food?
Authors: Szenkovics Dezső , Tonk Márton , Balog Adalbert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe human population expected to reach 10 billion by 2,100, the probability of conflict aggravated by scarceness over the XXI century is growing. Conflict is likely to be driven by a number of factors: changing climate, urbanization, migration, and food insecurity. According to the FAO 2018 report, global malnutrition rose from 777 million in 2015 to 815 million people in 2016. Data also highlight that the majority of these people live in countries affected by political conflicts (489 million out of 815 million). While significant food support comes from the USA and the EU, this feeds about 100 million peoples annually across 73 countries, their role is of cure and not prevention. Reducing food conflict in politically fragile countries on a sustained basis requires new investment and partnerships to develop biotechnological solutions including genetically modified crops. According to our analyses, GM Bt crops with the scope of food, feed, and processing can improve food security, and in broader way alter political conflicts in developing countries. The food supply chain, and policy decisions about safe GM crops should be the areas worth reconsidering, clear, and constructive reference to safe GM crops as an important option for a higher level of self‐sufficiency has to be made.
Einwirkungen auf starre Barrieren durch fließähnliche gravitative Massenbewegungen
Authors: Berger Simon , Hofmann Robert , Wimmer Lukas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDie klimawandelinduzierten Beeinflussungen der Umwelt stellen für die Bewertungen von fließähnlichen gravitativen Massenbewegungen eine zunehmende Bedeutung und Herausforderung dar. Extreme Bedingungen für Siedlungsräume im alpinen Raum ergeben die Notwendigkeit, Schutzbauwerke zu errichten. Gravitative fließähnliche Massenbewegungen führen dabei für die Siedlungs‐ und Wirtschaftsräume in alpinen Regionen vermehrt zur Bedrohung von Menschen und Infrastrukturbauwerken. Mithilfe von empirischen Modellen können Einflussgebiete, Ablagerungsort sowie die Fließtiefe grob abgeschätzt werden. Bei den verschiedenen numerischen Programmen, die auf der Grundlage der Kontinuumsmechanik beruhen, sind sehr unterschiedliche, meist unbekannte Eingangsparameter notwendig. Zur genaueren Definition der maßgebenden Parameter werden oft Modellversuche durchgeführt, um die verschiedenen Bemessungsmodelle zu validieren. Grundlage des vorliegenden Modellversuchs stellen der Versuchsaufbau und die Untersuchungen an der Universität British Columbia dar, die an der Universität Innsbruck repliziert und erweitert wurden.
Efficacy and effectiveness of psychological interventions on co‐occurring mood and anxiety disorders in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wuthrich Viviana M. , Meuldijk Denise , Jagiello Tess , Robles Alberto González , Jones Michael P. , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCo‐occurring mood and anxiety disorders are common in older adult populations and are associated with worse long‐term outcomes and poorer treatment response than either disorder alone. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the efficacy and effectiveness of psychological interventions for treating co‐occurring mood and anxiety disorders in older adults.MethodThe study was registered (PROSPERO CRD4201603834), databases systematically searched (MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, PubMed and Cochrane Reviews) and articles screened according to PRISMA guidelines.InclusionParticipants aged ≥60 years with clinically significant anxiety and depression, psychological intervention evaluated against control in randomised controlled trial, changes in both anxiety and depression reported at post‐treatment. ResultsFour studies were included (total n = 255, mean age range 67–71 years). Overall, psychological interventions (cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness) resulted in significant benefits over control conditions (active, waitlist) for treating depression in the presence of co‐occurring anxiety (Hedges' g = −0.44), and treating anxiety in the presence of depression (Hedges' g = −0.55). However, conclusions are limited; the meta‐analysis was non‐significant, few studies were included, several were low quality and there was high heterogeneity between studies. Benefits at follow‐up were not established.ConclusionCo‐occurring anxiety and mood disorders can probably be treated simultaneously with psychological interventions in older adults with moderate effect sizes, however, more research is needed. Given comorbidity is common and associated with worse clinical outcomes, more high‐quality clinical trials are needed that target the treatment of co‐occurring anxiety and mood disorders, and report changes in diagnostic remission for both anxiety and mood disorders independently.
The Italian national survey on Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic spread in nursing homes
Authors: Lombardo Flavia L. , Bacigalupo Ilaria , Salvi Emanuela , Lacorte Eleonora , Piscopo Paola , Mayer Flavia , Ancidoni Antonio , Remoli Giulia , Bellomo Guido , Losito Gilda , D'Ancona Fortunato , Bella Antonio , Pezzotti Patrizio , Canevelli Marco , Onder Graziano , Vanacore Nicola ,   the Italian National Institute of Health Nursing Home Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionResidents in facilities such as nursing homes (NHs) are particularly vulnerable to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A national survey was carried out to collect information on the spreading and impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in nursing homes, and on how suspected and/or confirmed cases were managed. We carried out a survey between 25 March 2020 and 5 May 2020.Materials and MethodsAll Italian nursing homes either public or providing services both privately and within the NHS were included in the study. An on‐line questionnaire was sent to 3292 nursing homes across all Italian regions. Nursing homes were also contacted by telephone to provide assistance in completing the questionnaire.ResultsA total of 1356 nursing homes voluntarily participated to the survey, hosting a total of 100,806 residents. Overall, 9154 residents died due to any cause from February 1 to the time when the questionnaire was completed (from March 25 to May 5). Of these, 7.4% had COVID‐19 and 33.8% had flu‐like symptoms, corresponding to a cumulative incidence of 0.7 and 3.1, respectively. Lack of personnel, difficulty in transferring patients to hospital or other facility, isolating residents with COVID‐19, number of beds and geographical area were the main factor positively associated to the presence of COVID‐19 in nursing homes.DiscussionThis survey showed the dissemination and impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in Italian nursing homes and on how older and potentially chronically ill people residing in these long‐term care facilities were managed.
Workplace bullying, socially aversive attitudes, reduced work group effectiveness, and organizational frustration
Authors: Valentine Sean R. , Giacalone Robert A. , Fleischman Gary 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGiven that workplace bullying can harm employees' thoughts, perceptions, and experiences, this study explored how bullying triggers socially aversive attitudes in victims, as well as diminished work group effectiveness and increased organizational frustration. Using time‐lagged data collected from research panelists, the hierarchical regression results indicated that workplace bullying can lead to distrust of others, a self‐focused strategy based on the belief that workplace advancement is political, and reduced work group cohesion and communication, ultimately resulting in organizational frustration. The managerial/practical and research implications of these findings and the connections to human resource development (HRD) are highlighted, including the need for managers and professionals involved in HRD to prevent and arrest workplace bullying. The research limitations and suggestions for future work are also presented.
Using an expert judgment response matrix to assess the risk of groundwater discharges from remediated fuel spill sites to the marine environment at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, Australia
Authors: King Catherine K , Wasley Jane , Holan Jessica , Richardson Jeremy , Spedding Tim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study assesses toxicity of groundwater from remediated fuel spill sites, as the final phase of an environmental risk assessment of contaminated sites at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia. To complement previous terrestrial ecotoxicological research, we determine risk to marine environments from residual biodegraded hydrocarbon contaminants in groundwater discharges. Direct toxicity assessments were conducted on 7 composite groundwater test solutions, adjusted to ambient seawater salinity. Eleven native marine invertebrates (from varied taxa: gastropods, bivalves, flatworms, amphipods, copepods, isopods) were exposed and observed for up to 21 d. Lethal time estimates (LT10, LT50) showed sensitivity was time dependent (LT10s = 4–15 d) and variable between species. Three species showed no response to any test solution, and most species did not respond for up to 5 d. Data were interpreted using an expert judgment response matrix with multiple lines of evidence to predict risk. No consistent patterns in the relative toxicity of test solutions, based on polar or nonpolar hydrocarbon concentrations, were identified. Although toxicity was observed in some species, this was only under worst-case conditions of undiluted, continuous, extended exposure. Natural dynamics of the site, including low groundwater discharge rates, high rainfall, and a highly energetic receiving environment, ensure groundwater is rapidly diluted and dispersed. In this context, and based on site conditions at the time of testing, these toxicity assessments provide robust evidence that residual contamination in groundwater at remediated sites at Macquarie Island is unlikely to represent a risk to the adjacent marine communities tested. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:785–801. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
A novel and transparent expert judgment response matrix was used to assess and interpret responses of native marine invertebrates in direct toxicity assessments to groundwater discharge from remediated fuel spill sites at sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, Tasmania, Australia. Response to exposure was slow, with a minimum of 4 d required to elicit a response in any test species. Toxicity of test solutions to biota was not able to be attributed to discharge chemistry, including concentration of both polar and nonpolar hydrocarbons. Residual contamination in groundwater was deemed unlikely to cause risk to coastal marine communities, given the overall low toxicity of test solutions, the slow responses of test species, and the highly energetic receiving environment.
Tissue factor‐loaded collagen/alginate hydrogel beads as a hemostatic agent
Authors: Liu Chengkun , Shi Zhuang , Sun Haiyan , Zhao Lili , Wang Xiaoqiang , Huang Fang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUncontrolled hemorrhage accounts for a significant proportion of annual mortality worldwide. The development of bioinspired hemostatic composites can effectively reduce hemorrhage and related deaths. This work aims to develop an efficient hemostatic agent by incorporating tissue factor (TF) integrated liposomes and collagen, which are capable of augmenting different inherent hemostatic mechanisms, into hemostasis‐stimulating alginate matrix. The composite of TF, collagen and alginate (TCA) was made into hydrogel beads with a diameter range of 2.5–3.5 mm, followed by electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, rheological, and swelling characterization to confirm its composition and hydrogel nature. When the TCA beads were introduced into simulated body fluid, a controlled release of the loaded TF‐liposomes was observed, which also accelerated with the increase of temperature, obtaining intact free proteoliposomes as demonstrated by fluorescence measurement. It is further seen that TCA beads induced the coagulation of whole rabbit blood in about 4.5 min, as compared to ~14.4 min for the control with only recalcified blood. The lipidated TF, collagen and alginate in TCA beads showed a positive synergistic effect on coagulation, while among them a decreasing procoagulant effect was observed. Finally, we demonstrated by a live/dead cell assay that TCA particles had undetectable cytotoxicity. Thus, the TCA hydrogel macrobeads may offer a potential platform for the development of potent hemostatic agents.