bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the diachrony ofgiusto?(‘right?’) in Italian
Authors: Viola Lorella 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Italian, the adjectivegiusto(‘right’) has performed the discourse function of response marker since at least 1613 (DELI 2008: 671). In this paper, I argue that the adjective has recently undertaken a new process of discoursivization, defined as the diachronic process that ends in discourse (Ocampo 2006: 317). In particular, I maintain thatgiustomay also serve the function of invariant tag (Andersen 2001), a linguistic item appended to a statement for the purpose of seeking mutual agreement, verification or corroboration of a claim (Millar and Brown 1979). Through diachronic lexicographic, quantitative and qualitative analyses carried out over a range of historical and contemporary dictionaries and language corpora of different varieties, the results will show that, although the use ofgiusto?as invariant tag is currently undocumented, records of such a use are in fact found since 1990. I explore whether there are positive correlations between the use ofright? in English and the use ofgiusto? in real use Italian and AV dialogues.
Language policy and planning in Nigeria
Authors: Okwudilichukwu Ugwu Eucharia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Language planning and policy has been a recurring topic among Nigerian educators. Although the Nigerian National Policy on Education stipulates multilingual education, such provision has remained an object of criticism, rejection, and is therefore not implemented. While some of the issues often raised as hindering its implementation are well-founded, there is also a lack of political will to champion the course of language planning and policy implementation. Meanwhile the government’s intention has been to make the policy receive public acceptance; yet, it has failed to address some of the recurring problems that hinder the achievement of such goal, to the detriment of both the educational and public sectors. This article looks at the dynamics of language planning and policy in Nigeria and why the government must match her rhetoric with action by paying attention to the major issues that hinder the realisation of multilingual education in the country to enhance development.
The orthography of revived Cornish as an attempt at pluricentricity
Authors: Davies-Deacon Merryn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
After over twenty years of debate over Cornish orthographies, recognition by the UK government according to the
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2003 led to the creation of what was initially intended as a “single
written form” for use in official contexts. However, the inevitable impossibility of finding a compromise that pleased opposing
groups of speakers with differing ideologies meant that the eventual Standard Written Form (SWF) was
pluricentric, comprising two “main forms”. While these were initially stated to be of equal status, this has been hard to maintain
since the SWF’s implementation: with more speakers using Middle Cornish forms, the Late Cornish forms are less visible and
commonly believed to be subsidiary. Drawing on such perceptions, along with learning materials and other resources, this paper
examines the status of the SWF today and offers some reflections on this unsuccessful attempt at pluricentricity in a minoritised
language.
Attention, working‐memory control, working‐memory capacity, and sport performance: The moderating role of athletic expertise
Authors: Vaughan Robert S. , Laborde Sylvain 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to detangle the association between attention, working‐memory (focusing on both control and capacity functions), and sport performance across athletic expertise. Specifically, the mediating effect of working‐memory‐control and working‐memory‐capacity on the attention and performance relationship will be investigated, and whether this effect differs across athlete expertise. A sample of 359 athletes (M age = 18.91 ± SD = 1.01; 54.87% male) with a range of athletic expertise (novice n = 99, amateur n = 92, elite n = 87, and super‐elite n = 81) completed a battery of neurocognitive tasks assessing attention, working‐memory‐control, working‐memory‐capacity, and a cognitively engaging motor task (e.g. basketball free‐throw task). Athletes with more expertise performed better on tasks of attention, working‐memory‐control and working‐memory‐capacity. Results of structural equation modelling indicated a positive association between the cognitive measures and sport performance. Specifically, working‐memory‐control and working‐memory‐capacity mediated the attention and sport performance relationship. Additionally, invariance testing indicated larger effects for those with more athletic expertise. These findings provide a better understanding of how attention and the control and capacity functions of working‐memory interact to predict performance. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Novel tools and observables for jet physics in heavy-ion collisions
Authors: Andrews Harry Arthur , Apolinario Liliana , Bertens Redmer Alexander , Bierlich Christian , Cacciari Matteo , Chen Yi , Chien Yang-Ting , Mendez Leticia Cunqueiro , Deak Michal , d’Enterria David , Dominguez Fabio , Harris Philip Coleman , Kutak Krzysztof , Lee Yen-Jie , Mehtar-Tani Yacine , Mulligan James , Nguyen Matthew , Ning-Bo Chang , Perepelitsa Dennis , Salam Gavin , Spousta Martin , Milhano José Guilherme , Tywoniuk Konrad , Van Leeuwen Marco , Verweij Marta , Vila Victor , Wiedemann Urs A , Zapp Korinna C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Studies of fully-reconstructed jets in heavy-ion collisions aim at extracting thermodynamical and transport properties of hot and dense QCD matter. Recently, a plethora of new jet substructure observables have been theoretically and experimentally developed that provide novel precise insights on the modifications of the parton radiation pattern induced by a QCD medium. This report, summarizing the main lines of discussion at the 5th Heavy Ion Jet Workshop and CERN TH institute ‘Novel tools and observables for jet physics in heavy-ion collisions’ in 2017, presents a first attempt at outlining a strategy for isolating and identifying the relevant physical processes that are responsible for the observed medium-induced jet modifications. These studies combine theory insights, based on the Lund parton splitting map, with sophisticated jet reconstruction techniques, including grooming and background subtraction algorithms.
On the Controllability of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine
Authors: Abbas Nikhar J. , Pao Lucy 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An analytical method for assessing the controllability of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is presented in this work. Modern linear control theory principles are applied to linearized FOWT models to establish quantifiable metrics to determine advantageous, or disadvantageous, differences in turbine models from a controls perspective. One use of such a metric is to consider the amount of work necessary to move a floating turbine back to an equilibrium point. We use a simplified point-mass model to demonstrate this idea. The idea is then translated to the DTU 10MW wind turbine on floating semi-submersible platforms. This work concludes with a discussion of the many potential uses for the quantifiable values associated with controllability within the wind turbine research space.
Numerical design of a wind observer and feedforward control of wind turbines
Authors: Taruffi F , Fontanella A , Muggiasca S , Di Carlo S , Belloli M 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Wind speed is an unknown variable that is very difficult to measure relying on instruments that are commonly present on-board the wind turbine nacelle. The alternative to this approach is to extract a wind speed estimate from other measured quantities. The so-obtained wind speed could then be integrated in common power control algorithms as an additional scheduling variable or it can be exploited to realize feedforward actions to enhance the machine power capture and fatigue life. This work deals with the design of an observer to estimate the spatially-averaged wind speed on the rotor swept area. A linear model of the wind turbine drivetrain based on steady aerodynamics is introduced and used as the base for the wind speed observer. The observer is implemented on the DTU 10MW RWT and a feedforward action based on the estimated effective wind speed is added to the standard feedback controller. FAST co-simulations are performed to evaluate the performances of the implemented system in several wind turbine operating conditions. Its responsiveness is shown to be greater when operating in presence of above-rated winds due to the higher rotor aerodynamic sensitivity. The observer response is instead slower in below-rated winds, where its capability of predicting high-frequency wind gusts is limited by the combination of rotor inertia and generator torque control.
Highlighting the impact of yaw control by parsing atmospheric conditions based on total variation
Authors: Hamilton Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Identification of atmospheric conditions within a multivariate atmospheric dataset is a necessary step in the validation of wind plant control strategies. Most often, operating conditions are characterized in terms of aggregated observations and assume that the atmosphere is ‘quasi-steady’. Aggregation of observations without regard to covariance between time series discounts the dynamical nature of the atmosphere and is not sufficiently representative of wind plant operating conditions. Identification and characterization of continuous time periods with atmospheric conditions that have a high value for analysis or simulation sets the stage for more advanced model validation and the development of real-time control and operation strategies. Controlling observational data for statistical stationarity highlights significant enhancements to the power production of waked turbines under wake steering wind plant control. Results in the current study emphasize the scope and intended range of wake models used for wind plant control and suggest that either models be defined to account for the transient nature of the atmosphere, or that their validation and application be geared to stationary atmospheric conditions.
Effective wind speed estimation for wind turbines in down-regulation
Authors: Hou Lio Alan Wai , Meng Fanzhong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The use of state estimation technique offers a means of estimating the effective wind speed based solely upon the measurements of the turbine. Such wind speed estimations are crucial for turbines to calculate the reserved power for ancillary services. Nonetheless, the system observability or the possibility of estimating the wind speed is influenced by various down-regulation strategies. Thus, this paper investigates the system observabilities of turbines in different down-regulating conditions via the use of the empirical observability Gramian. In addition, wind speed estimators are constructed for each control strategy using an extended Kalman filter approach. Subsequently, each estimation performance is evaluated from the assessments of the Gramians and high-fidelity turbine simulations. The results reveal that it is more difficult to reconstruct the wind estimate from measurements of the turbine operating in torque-based than rotor-speed-based down-regulation strategies.
Field Validation of Wake Steering Control with Wind Direction Variability
Authors: Simley Eric , Fleming Paul , King Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Wake steering is a wind farm control strategy wherein upstream turbines are misaligned with the wind direction to redirect their wakes away from downstream turbines, increasing overall wind plant power. Wake steering is often analyzed assuming steady mean wind directions across the wind farm. However, in practice, the wind direction varies considerably over time because of large-scale weather phenomena. Wind direction variability causes the increase in power production from wake-steering to be less than predicted by steady-state models, but more robust wake-steering strategies can be designed that account for variable wind conditions. This paper compares the achieved yaw offsets and power gains from two different 2-turbine wake-steering experiments at a commercial wind farm with model predictions using the FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady State (FLORIS) control-oriented model, assuming both fixed and variable wind directions. The impact of wind direction variability is modeled by including wind direction and yaw uncertainty in the FLORIS calculations. The field results match the trends predicted, assuming wind direction variability. Specifically, the yaw offsets achieved in the intended control regions are lower than desired, resulting in less power gain, while a slight loss in power occurs for wind directions outside of the intended control region because of unintentional yaw misalignment. The agreement between the model and field results suggests that the wind direction variability model can be used to design wake-steering controllers that are more robust to variable wind conditions present in the field.
Distributed Wind Resource Assessment for Small, Kilowatt-Sized Wind Turbines using Computational Flow Modeling Software
Authors: Acker T L , Bhattarai B , Shrestha R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A major challenge in deciding to invest in a wind energy system as part of an off-grid, small-scale renewable energy system is accurately estimating the annual energy production (AEP). Computational models hold promise to provide useful distributed wind resource assessment information at a reasonable cost. This paper describes the methods employed and results obtained from using wind flow modeling software, in this case Meteodyn WT, combined with wind speed data to predict the AEP of a 2.4 kW Skystream 3.7 wind turbine, and compare the AEP to measurements. Results showed AEP prediction errors ranging from <5% to ∼80% depending on the nature of the wind speed data used. Using a single wind speed data source could lead to an acceptable AEP (<10% error), but could well lead to much higher errors. Two methods of addressing this problem were demonstrated: 1) average several AEP predictions made using single wind speed data sources; or, 2) use multiple data sources simultaneously when making an AEP prediction. The latter of these two appears the most promising with lower errors in AEP. Another significant result of this work was demonstrating that using NREL Wind Toolkit wind speed data can produce good results in predicting AEP.
Commercialization of a Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine for Distributed Generation
Authors: Evans S P , Kesby J E , Bradley J , Clausen P D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Small-scale distributed wind generation faces challenges in being cost competitive due to recent advances in solar photovoltaic and battery storage technology. Reductions in levelized cost of energy (LCOE) can be achieved by improvements in aerodynamic efficiency, generator controller design, or reducing cost of manufacture. In this paper we present a case study detailing the commercialization of a novel 200 W high-efficiency diffuser augmented wind turbine (DAWT). Results include increased rotor efficiency, bespoke controller design, and the novel use of manufacturing processes. Findings and conclusions are of direct interest to small wind turbine designers as they seek to reduce LCOE.
Review of Hybrid Offshore Wind and Wave Energy Systems
Authors: McTiernan Kaylie L. , Sharman Krish Thiagarajan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hybrid wind wave systems combine offshore wind turbines with wave energy on a shared platform. These systems optimize power production at a single location by harnessing both the wind and the waves. Wave energy is currently at an earlier development stage than offshore wind. Research in this area is focused in wave energy converters being used for platform motion suppression of floating offshore wind turbines. Wave energy converters can passively shelter offshore wind turbines from waves and can also be actively controlled to reduce the system loads. Additionally, a small amount of supplemental power may be generated, which can be used for offshore wind turbine local power needs. There may be future benefits to these hybrid systems, but at this stage wave energy may increase the project cost and risk of offshore wind turbines. Hybrid wind wave system research and development is discussed, with a focus on floating offshore wind turbines. Additionally, two ocean demonstration scale hybrid wind and wave systems are discussed as case studies: the Poseidon Wave and Wind system and the W2Power system. Hybrid wind wave systems show potential to be part of the future of offshore wind energy.
Design considerations for a small ducted wind turbine
Authors: Valyou D N , Visser K D 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While ducted wind turbines (DWTs) have not yet enjoyed commercial success, theory has shown their potential and suggests a need to identify and explore key drivers of the design space for DWTs. A governing optimization metric of cost/annual energy production (AEP) was examined and a key cost driver for DWT of turbine thrust identified. A review of generalized actuator disc theory indicated that increasing the axial induction of the duct increases the power/thrust ratio and reduces the cost/AEP. It was shown that the particular selection of the rotor power coefficient, CP, Rotor or the total power coefficient CP, Rotor, as a design parameter, changes the nature of the AEP optimization, either maximizing AEP with CP, Rotor or optimizing CP/CT and minimizing turbine size with CP, Total. Increasing the blade number to raiseCp and lower tip speed ratio optimizes rotor torque as well for generator matching. Iterative interaction between the wind resource, generator specifications, and design elements to minimize cost/AEP is introduced. The relationship between turbine maximum power output and AEP was explored and it was observed that increasing generator size raises AEP/rotor diameter.
Teaching Wind Energy to Engineering and Education Undergraduates Through Community Engagement
Authors: Benitz Maija A. , Yang Li-Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rhode Island’s adoption of the Next Generation Science Standards in 2013 [1] established a pressing need to provide elementary schools with support for integrating engineering in our local district’s classrooms. Wind energy was identified as an appropriate instructional topic, both for its relevance to Rhode Island [2], and for its strength as a tool for studying the engineering design process. Education and engineering undergraduates collaborated to educate local fourth graders about engineering design and wind energy. While supporting the need for engineering education in the community, this project also deepened learning for both education and engineering students at Roger Williams University.
Characterizing marine atmospheric boundary layer to support offshore wind energy research
Authors: Jiang Houshuo , Edson James B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), under most wind conditions, is characterized by lower shear, less turbulence, and higher winds than its terrestrial counterpart, thereby making offshore wind farms attractive enough to offset higher costs of construction and maintenance. Significant questions, however, remain about the structure and characteristics of the MABL and its impact on wind turbines. This work characterizes the structure of the MABL in the coastal region south of Martha’s Vineyard where offshore wind turbines are planned to operate, using in situ and remotely sensed LIDAR measurements and numerical data generated by high resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling. This work will benefit wind power estimates and short-term energy forecasting.
Re-parameterized Weibull distribution for modeling metocean extremes of multiple hazards with the Rosenblatt transformation
Authors: Qiao C , Myers A T 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The construction of environmental contours using the Rosenblatt transformation requires the parameters defining the conditional distribution to be determined for all values of the conditioned random variable, including extreme values which are extrapolated from data in most cases. In the typical case where the conditional distribution is described by many parameters, the fitting process of these parameters is cumbersome, and the resultant extrapolation is prone to error. A re-parameterization technique is proposed here to approximate such a conditional distribution, which depends on many parameters, with a two-parameter Weibull distribution, so that fewer distribution parameters are involved in the fitting and extrapolation processes. This technique is shown to have a better performance compared to conventional approaches, as demonstrated here for a numerical example involving the construction of a 50-year environmental contour for wind and wave at offshore locations.
Wind Trawler: operation of a wind energy system in the far offshore environment
Authors: Annan A M , Lackner M A , Manwell J F 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A great untapped wind resource lies within the deep oceanic environment far from shore. Considering the technological and economic challenges of fixed offshore wind platforms to operate at great offshore depths and distances, we propose that this resource best be exploited by the use of a mobile floating wind-and-hydro power producing plant, termed the Wind Trawler. This paper explores preliminary design considerations for wind turbine, hydro turbine, and hull to optimize power performance ensure stability. The wind speed is modelled using long term averages from hindcast software to compare power production of a Wind Trawler and fixed wind turbine in the offshore environment.
Comparison of multiline anchors for offshore wind turbines with spar and with semisubmersible
Authors: Balakrishnan Krishnaveni , Arwade Sanjay R. , DeGroot Don J. , Fontana Casey , Landon Melissa , Aubeny Charles P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Offshore wind energy has become a promising source of renewable energy in recent years with many installed farms around the world successfully producing energy. As preliminary wind resource studies reveal, in the US much of the potential could be tapped in deeper water where floating solutions become favorable. The efficiency of floating offshore platforms is being studied and demonstrated in pilot projects such as Hywind in Scotland. In order to reduce the substructure cost in offshore wind projects, which is usually 25-30%, a novel shared anchor concept has been studied with spar supported turbines. Simulations are carried out with National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) OC3 Hywind floating system and 5MW wind turbine. A similar study has been carried out with semisubmersible platforms earlier. Comparing the statistics of the net anchor forces from both the types of platforms reveals decreased anchor forces in case of spar due to large force cancellation and decreased response to wave action. Given the shared anchor concept in-principle reduces the material cost with reduced number of anchors than the conventional anchor types; further reduction in anchor forces in case of spar supported platform would be more cost-beneficial with more material savings.