bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of CSR Performances in Some Selected Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Azad Md. Abul Kalam , Raihan Mohammad Zahir , Bhuiyan Mohammad Zahid Hossain 
Published: March 2020

The study is on 10 locally private commercial banks operating in Bangladesh. In this study, secondary data have been extensively used. Some primary data have also been used in the study. These were collected from a total number of 10 Executives in-charge of Corporate Social Responsibility Department using structured closed end questionnaire. While collecting primary data, direct interview method was mainly used. The main objective of the study is to critically analyse the CRS performances in the selected banks which covered the Heads of CSR activities, the determinants of CSR activities, Investment in CSR activities and Impact of CSR investment. The period of empirical study covered 4 financial years ranging from 2009 to 2012. The main findings of the study are; (i) some 90% of the respondents have emphasized on the significance of CSR activities in the selected banks, (ii) some 60% of the respondents have emphasized on the significant impact of CSR investment on the Market price of the Share (MPS), (iii) the major factors affecting CSR activities have been Sustainable development, Business tool, Leadership and ethics, (iv) empirical analysis of the study reveals that the CSR investments as percentage of total investment of the respective banks have been very negligible ranging from 0.01% to 2.87% only during the study period. It is found that out of the seven heads of CSR expenditures Health sector have occupied the highest position in majority banks followed by Education sector. Therefore, it can be concluded that the selected banks should increase their investment in CSR activities in order to create more confidence among the existing clients as well as prospective customer in one hand and increase MPS of the banks on the other.
JEL Classification Code: G21; G28
Consumers’ Perception and Performance Appraisal of Mobile Phone Companies in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Tajul , Hoque Rajidul , Alam Md.Ashraful 
Published: March 2020

In recent times telecommunication industry like mobile phone, radio link device have made revolution in the world. For the last few years mobile phone has become part and parcel of our daily life. It has become an essential part of business, commerce and society. Mobile phone provide great assistance to users by giving the opportunity to access to the anywhere of the world. Moreover, with the continuous diversification, the use of mobile is not only limited to talking but its use ranges from using internet, sending messages, listening to music, to organizing various works are comfortably completed in time. The use of mobile phone was introduced in Bangladesh at the middle of 1989 by the CityCell Company. Now with the change of time another five operators have introduced in the market. The function of mobile in Bangladesh with its communicative use also spread with value added service like mobile banking, railway ticket purchasing, health services, news update, and examination results and so on. But there are a lot of complain about these operators services. Descriptive analysis, Z-test, Chi-square test and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to test the collected data and hypotheses of the research study. Through this research we have tried to find out consumers perception which impact may be very bad in near future on those operators. Most of the respondents think that mobile operators are charging higher terrify in which customers are deprived from pulse system. Slow internet service, and lack of coverage hamper to the access of information. By conducting this research we have found that except those complain, the overall services of mobile phone are moderately well.
JEL Classification Code: D18; D91
Analysis on Financing Difficulties for SMEs due to Asymmetric Information
Authors: Huang Cheng , When Ya , Liu Zhifei 
Published: March 2020

Financing is the bottleneck that restricting the development of China's small and medium enterprises. The root cause of financing difficulty for SMEs is the serious information asymmetry that exists between financial institutions, which lead to adverse selection and moral hazard. In this paper, financing theories of SMEs information dissymmetry and credit rationing theories are used to analyze the financing difficulties for SMEs and financing strategies to crack financing difficulty are proposed.
JEL Classification Code: D82, G32
Editorial
Authors: Lloclla Gonzales Herry 
Published: March 2020

La difusión de los resultados de investigación, considerando la transferencia tecnológica, es de vital importancia en la era actual donde la información de libre acceso brinda maravillosas oportunidades para iniciar, continuar y compartir conocimiento. La Revista Cientifi-k se encuentra comprometida en lograr la mayor visibilidad de los artículos científicos que ella se publica. La comunidad científica considera al conocimiento como un bien público, que todos debemos tener acceso a la información y de esta manera incrementar la credibilidad y la confianza de los actores de la sociedad en los avances científicos brindando además transparencia en los resultados de las investigaciones. El open access ofrece la posibilidad del intercambio de ideas entre investigadores de los cuales nacen nuevas teorías y el conocimiento crece. La humanidad crece en conocimiento a pasos agigantados, sin embargo la sabiduría para utilizar estos conocimientos es lo que nos debe preocupar, y es allí donde comienza a tallar la ética en la investigación, y como estudiantes, profesionales e investigadores no debemos cegarnos al trato inadecuado del conocimiento. La lectura y en especial la científica crea personas con sentido crítico que beneficia de manera considerable a nuestra sociedad ya que ésta es combustible para la creatividad y la innovación. En este sentido la Universidad César Vallejo, con la edición de la Revista Cientifi-k contribuye de manera considerable a que estudiantes puedan compartir con el mundo los conocimientos que adquieren y que generan mediante la investigación científica, considerando el impacto social que es de vital importancia para definir a una investigación como relevante.
Dr. Herry Lloclla Gonzales
Director de Investigación UCV Chiclayo
KARAKTERISTIK MUTU BUBUK OKARA HASIL KERAGAMAN PERLAKUAN HIDROTERMAL DAN SUHU PENGERINGAN
Authors: Taruna Iwan 
Published: March 2020

The present study aimed to investigate the influences of experimental variables, i.e. hydrothermal treatments (whithout and treated) and convective drying temperatures (70, 80 and 90°C) on the quality characteristics of okara powders. The quality parameters of the okara powder studied in this experiment consisted of color attributes, particle density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, pH, viscosity, and non-enzymatic browning. The results showed that the quality of okara powders varied depending on the experimental variables. Hydrothermal treatment and drying of okara at lower temperatures could increase the brightness (L value) from 62.37 to 70.23, and increased the b value of okara powder color from 43.65 to 49.16. However, the particle density (1.04-1.35 g/cm3) and pH value (6.48-6.78) of okara powders were not significantly affected by hydrothermal treatment. The okara powder solution with hydrothermal treatment (2.10-4.50 cP) showed a lower average viscosity value compared to okara powder without hydrothermal treatment ((2.60-4.80 cP). The study also concluded that okara powder absorbed significantly more water rather than absorbing oil, as indicated by the value of water absorption capacity (4.7-5.7 mL/g), which greater than oil absorption capacity (1.1-1.4 mL/g). Non-enzymatic browning occurrence on okara powder samples (OD = 0.52-0.66) was more affected by the drying temperature than hydrothermal treatment.
Keywords: convective drying, hydrothermal treatment, okara powder quality
PROPORSI MOCAF DAN TEPUNG LARUT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MALTODEKSTRIN PADA PENGOLAHAN COOKIES
Authors: Pramadi Indra Agustanugraha , Rejeki Fungki Sri , Rahayuningsih Tri , Wedowati Endang Retno 
Published: March 2020

Cookies is snacks made from wheat flour. Wheat flour contains gluten which cannot be consumed by people with celiac diseases and autism. MOCAF is a modification of cassava flour that changes functional properties and can be used to substitute wheat flour. The use of MOCAF produces cookies that are hard-textured, so it is necessary to add arrowroot flour. Arrowroot flour was chosen because it contains low calories and non-gluten. Maltodextrin was used as maker crispy and binder ingredients. The research aimed were to determine the effect of MOCAF and arrowroot flour proportion and maltodextrin addition to the cookies characteristics, and determine the best alternative cookies processing. This research used factorial randomized block design with two factors. First factor was MOCAF and arrowroot flour proportion (T) with three levels (T1=100%:0%, T2=95%:5%, T3=90%:10%) and second factor was maltodextrin concentration (M) with three levels (M1=2%, M2=4%, M3=6%). Parameters research were proximate analysis, calories, yield, ability to swell, and organoleptic properties. The alternative selection used Expectation Value method. The results showed that there were no interactions between treatments on all research parameters, T treatment was significantly different on all organoleptic parameters, M treatment was significantly different on yield, fat and carbohydrate content, organoleptic properties, and the chosen treatment was T2M3 with expectation value was 8.21.
Keywords: arrowroot flour, maltodextrin, MOCAF, non-gluten cookies
Between Validation and Emasculation: Paradox of the West as Architect of Queer Autonomy in Rabih Alameddine’s The Perv
Authors: El Hajj Sleiman 
Published: March 2020

Unlike his more recent novels such as The Hakawati (2006) and An Unnecessary Woman (2013), which also lambast patriarchy, but not from a queer perspective, the early fiction of Rabih Alameddine, Lebanon's only openly gay writer to date, seeks to destabilize hetero-normative boundaries by a critical engagement through creative narrative with the homo-politics of diaspora. In resisting the coercion of the Lebanese and, to a certain extent, the Arab or Middle Eastern homosexual into calibrated, conformist social moulds, his narratives present the West as a plausible refuge in which his exiled gay characters can thrive.
In this article, I argue that a nuanced reading of this refuge is needed since the exilic sanctuary in Alameddine's The Perv (1999), his only short story collection to date, is paradoxical. Its illiberal sexualized response to queerness as a form of otherness is extrapolated to similar issues of marginalisation and sexualized abuse enacted by the patriarchal polity that has othered Alameddine’s queer(ed) exiles in the first place. The Western sanctuary’s seemingly antithetical notions of emasculation and empowerment become, ultimately, the very qualities factoring into his usage of strong sexual language in his explicit depiction of the coercive sexuality into which the encounter with the gendered and/or queered other has been relocated in different texts and cultural contexts in The Perv.
Redefining the Self: The Human Centipede and Physical Spectatorship
Authors: Wilson Laura 
Published: March 2020

As I watch the infamous scene in Tom Six's 2009 release, when Katsuro, the front segment of the centipede, defecates into the mouth of the second, my body rocks back and forth in a futile attempt at self-soothing. I hear the distant whine of a voice uttering, 'I don't want, I don't want to', before I realise it is my own. Finally, in a mixture of horror and relish, my back arches, my shoulders hunch forward and my chest heaves as I retch once, twice, three times.
The Human Centipede belongs to a large and varied group of films released in recent years that have become notorious for eliciting intensely physical responses, from anxiety and nausea, to the fear of, desire to or even act of vomiting. In this paper, I build on current research into the embodied spectator by creating a detailed analysis of how physicality is constructed and manipulated by representations of faeces in this scene.
Engaging with Richard Rushton's theories of spectatorship, Vivian Sobchack's studies of phenomenology and film, and Elizabeth Wilson's work on neuroscience, I explore the concept of physical spectatorship - the idea that embodied responses to film are textual constructions that return the viewer to a sense of their own corporeality. The notion of physical spectatorship challenges the dichotomy of film as object/viewer as subject, as well as the language we use to theorise the film-viewer relationship. By acknowledging the disgust this film generates, I question the extent to which notions of the viewer are strained against the concept of spectator as textual construction. Finally, I aim to theorise that which often escapes analysis in relation to film spectatorship: those body parts that make up the gastrointestinal tract, or the gut, that are brought into play in films designed to revolt.
Personification at the Critical Threshold: Walter Pater and Angus Fletcher
Authors: Zeff Callum 
Published: March 2020

In this paper I argue that Walter Pater, in both his critical and creative work, is a liminal writer along the lines set out by Angus Fletcher in his studies of Edmund Spenser and S.T. Coleridge. Fletcher suggests that personification or prosopopoeia (literally "person-making") results from "thresholdness", and I relate this observation not only to Pater's employment of personification, e.g. "art comes professing frankly", but his tendency to equate works of art with persons and vice-versa. Pater's work focuses on transitional eras of culture and on transitional minds, historical, semi-historical and imaginary, as in his "Imaginary Portraits". I argue that it is because of Pater's constant transition from experience to experience, his constant in-between state, that he invents characters which are neither wholly allegorical personifications nor fleshed out humans; that he tends to associate aesthetic experience with "the face of one's friend"; and that his work hovers between the creative and the critical.
The Reality Based Community
Authors: Foley Hugh 
Published: March 2020

In this essay I argue that increasing blurring of boundaries between representational and the real has been characcteristic of the War on terror. I then argue that has produced a response in contemporary American poetry which attempts to produce a critique by collapsing or undermining these distinctions fictionally in order to draw attention to their collapse in political and military discourse. Looking at several poems which take photography as a theme, I aim to show how a specific genre of photo-ekphrastic poetry has proved partiularly germane to this effort.
Stripp'd
Authors: Johnston Elizabeth D 
Published: March 2020

This poem pays stylistic and thematic homage to 18th century writer Charlotte Smith's poem, "Thirty-Eight," which takes as its subject the revelations that come with age. However, the subject of this poem is decidely modern.
Having visited Las Vegas in her "naive" twenties, the author of "Stripp'd" (at age 38) revisits Las Vegas under quite different circumstances: as a professor of humanities attending a working teacher's conference. The poem is a poignant depiction of the vexed relationship between the public nature of teaching and private industry, gesturing as it does toward the ways in which the publishing industry subsidizes education. The speaker of the poem reconsiders the luxuries available to her, via the generosity of publishers, in contrast to the populations of less economically privileged who surround the conference and, in turn, whose labor supports her own leisure.
Failure as Learning: Photovoice as Methodology in Research with Marginalised Young People
Authors: Gombert Karolina , Douglas Flora , McArdle Karen , Carlisle Sandra 
Published: March 2020

An unpublished pilot study at a charitable youth organisation in the North East of Scotland found that young people (aged 16 to 25) accommodated by the organisation consumed a diet high in sugar and low in levels of foods such as meat, fish, fruit, and vegetables (Perry, 2013). The Foodways and Futures project (2013-2016), combining ethnographic and action research methodology, set out to explore why the diet of young people was sub-optimal, despite the organisation having a number of support services in place that would—it was perceived—encourage better eating habits amongst the young people housed within the organisation. Photovoice (PV) was identified as a participatory research method that was suitable, and that would encourage young people to participate as co-researchers in the investigation. However, despite young people getting involved in other research methods that were employed in the study, PV was generally not taken up as anticipated. This article explores how the method was employed, and argues that what could be deemed the ‘failure’ of PV instead may be interpreted as evidence of young people’s awareness and sensitivity about the potential judgements of others on personal food choices. In this sense, poor uptake of PV actually reveals much more about young people’s lived experiences than the data that it generates. The use of PV as a research method is therefore powerful, in that it allows participants to indicate, through inactivity, their sensitivity to ‘discourses of blame’.
On the Notion of 'Failure' in David Foster Wallace's Infinite Jest: A Consideration of Joelle van Dyne's Character and the Figure of St. Teresa of Avila
Authors: Alexander Matthew 
Published: March 2020

David Foster Wallace's magnum opus, Infinite Jest, celebrated its 20th anniversary of publication in 2016. Yet in spite of two decades of critical analysis little attention is given to the female characters within. Delfino (2008) cites 'one or two strong [female] characters that cannot help but influence the male protagonists in the novel', without expanding upon this, whilst Freudenthal (2010) speaks of Wallace's female characters as having a 'political clout [that] goes no further than their domestic spheres'. Such failure on the part of critics leads to an incomplete consideration of Wallace's text. This paper sets about redressing the balance through a reading of Joelle van Dyne's character and Wallace's use of the veil, and the link that this has with an historical figure known for her donning of the veil: St. Teresa of Avila. Clare Hayes-Brady's recent work (2016) on 'failures' in Wallace's work will be used as a tool with which to analyse Joelle's/St. Teresa's inclusion in the text, and it will be argued that the issue of veiling, a practice that Hirschmann (1998) views as 'Other to most Westerners', helps to reveal the extent to which Wallace's female characters have indeed been overlooked by critics. In doing so, a new consideration of Wallace's texts may emerge.
Beyond Turner’s Liminal Community: The Perpetual Crisis of Politics and the Everyday
Authors: Hignell-Tully Daniel 
Published: March 2020

The social anthropologist Victor Turner describes the process of a communitas as orientated around crisis - a liminal stage by which the community compensates for any breaches within their existing understanding of the world. As a liminal stage, crisis is the means by which a community remains politically active, in so far as it relies on the local, autonomous management of change to the lived environment. This paper seeks to explore the nature of communication as a tool of crisis, arguing that the community relies upon a network of crisis occurring both from first-hand and communally-derived communication, for which it is the distance between its membership that allows a community to flourish. Invoking the critical theory of Jean-Luc Nancy, and systems theory of Niklas Luhmann to interrogate such a network, I will argue that it is the performed misuse of a communities shared symbols that allows it to maintain political resonance. With this in mind, I will propose that the advent of what I term ‘perpetual crisis’ seeks to fundamentally undermine such a resonance, usurping the lived crisis of our everyday interactions with Other, in favour of a perpetual state of epistemological violence that exists beyond the limits of our control. Exploring the tone and utility of political language within the mainstream media, I will seek to draw a parallel between the narrative disjunction of politicians and their policies as a means of highlighting the imposition of a crisis that impedes communitas by distancing a communities membership from meaningful political redress.
Changes levels of myokines after aerobic training and resistance training in post-menopausal females with obesity
Authors: Kang Sunghwun , Park Il Bong , Lim Seung-Taek 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background To investigate changes in levels of myokines after regular aerobic training and resistance training in post- menopausal females with obesity. Methods Among 41 post- menopausal obese females volunteered to participate in this study performed regular physical exercise training (aerobic exercise and resistance exercise). These participants were randomly assigned to one aerobic exercise group (n = 21) and one resistance exercise group (n = 20). The experimental group performed three days of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise per week (i.e., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) each group. Body composition, physical fitness, and myokines were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Results Two-way within-factor ANOVA revealed group × time interaction for body mass index (BMI, p < 0.05). In the resistance exercise group, muscle endurance, power, and agility were significantly increased at 12 weeks than those at 6 weeks and baseline. In the aerobic exercise group, muscle strength, flexibility, muscle endurance, and agility were greater at 12 weeks than those at 6 weeks and baseline. Levels of IL-6, IL15, and BDNF were greater at 12 weeks than those at 6 weeks and baseline in both exercise groups. Conclusions Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training can change levels of myokines and improve body composition and physical fitness of obese females. These findings provide preliminary evidence that obese females need to exercise or perform physical activity to improve their levels of myokines and physical fitness.