bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Scanning Strategy and Scanner Type on the Accuracy of Intraoral Scans: A New Approach for Assessing the Accuracy of Scanned Data
Authors: Oh Kyung Chul , Park Ji‐Man , Moon Hong Seok 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine the most reliable scanning strategy and scanner type, using a new protocol for assessing the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral scan data.Materials and MethodsFive different maxillary and mandibular typodont pairs (n = 10) and 2 intraoral scanners were used for the study. A reference scan for each arch was obtained with an industrial scanner. Scanning strategies were classified into 2 continuous methods—continuous scan in horizontal direction (CH group) and continuous scan with vertical rotation in anterior region (CV group)—and 1 segmental method (S group). In the CH group, the scanner head was maintained mostly in a horizontal position. In the CV group, the scanners were rotated 180° around the anterior tooth region to allow smooth scanning through the area. The intraoral scan data were individually superimposed over their corresponding reference scan data. Raw data of the distances between paired surface points were extracted from the superimposed pairs of datasets, with (original distance values) or without consideration (absolute distance values) of the value signs. Trueness values were calculated using absolute distance values, while precision values were obtained from original distance values. Data were analyzed with a 2‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance using α = 0.05 as the level of significance.ResultsThe CV group produced significantly inferior outcomes compared to the CH and S groups in terms of trueness (p < 0.001, F = 24.67), whereas no significant differences were observed among the 3 scanning strategies with respect to precision (p = 0.451, F = 0.83). Scanner type did not produce significant differences in terms of either trueness (p = 0.058, F = 4.72) or precision (p = 0.742, F = 0.12).ConclusionsThe segmental approach for scanning the region of interest first and continuous scanning with the scanner head held mostly in a horizontal position are both acceptable as full‐arch scanning strategies. However, vertical rotation of intraoral scanners should be minimized.
Fibre guiding scaffolds for periodontal tissue engineering
Authors: Staples Reuben J. , Ivanovski Saso , Vaquette Cedryck 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe periodontium is a highly hierarchically organized organ composed of gingiva, alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum. Periodontitis leads to the destruction of hard and soft tissues ultimately leading to a loss of the teeth supporting apparatus. Current treatments are capable of limiting the disease progression; however, true regeneration, characterized by perpendicularly oriented periodontal ligament fibre attachment to cementum on the root surface remains challenging. Tissue engineering approaches have been developed to enhance regeneration via micro‐engineered topographical features, purposely designed to guide the insertion of the regenerated ligament to the root surface. This review reports on the recent advancements in scaffold manufacturing methodologies for generating fibre guiding properties and provides a critical insight in the current limitations of these techniques for the formation of functional periodontal attachment.
Pasting, rheological, and dough mixing behavior of rice flour as affected by the addition of native and partially hydrolyzed β‐glucan concentrate
Authors: Dangi Nidhi , Yadav Baljeet S. , Yadav Ritika B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study was aimed at evaluating the potential of barley β‐glucan concentrates (native and partially hydrolyzed) in modifying the techno‐functionality of rice flour dough. β‐Glucan concentrate was partially hydrolyzed to obtain a low molecular weight polymer and their influence on the pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of rice dough were assessed. Hydration, thermal, and pasting properties were significantly modified with the added β‐glucans. The rice dough supplemented with β‐glucan concentrates showed improved viscoelastic and creep behavior and the effectiveness of β‐glucans in imparting strength to rice dough depended on its molecular weight. Hydrolyzed β‐glucan concentrates having low molecular weight increased dough elasticity to the greater extent in comparison to native β‐glucan concentrates. The micrographs of supplemented dough showed a strong and dense network indicating improved structure and strength.
Where to look for the most frequent biases?
Authors: Jager Kitty J. , Tripepi Giovanni , Chesnaye Nicholas C. , Dekker Friedo W. , Zoccali Carmine , Stel Vianda S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStudy quality depends on a number of factors, one of them being internal validity. Such validity can be affected by random and systematic error, the latter also known as bias. Both make it more difficult to assess a correct frequency or the true relationship between exposure and outcome. Where random error can be addressed by increasing the sample size, a systematic error in the design, the conduct or the reporting of a study is more problematic. In this article, we will focus on bias, discuss different types of selection bias (sampling bias, confounding by indication, incidence‐prevalence bias, attrition bias, collider stratification bias and publication bias) and information bias (recall bias, interviewer bias, observer bias and lead‐time bias), indicate the type of studies where they most frequently occur and provide suggestions for their prevention.
Illuminating nursing's shadow side through a Jungian analysis of the film Fog in August
Authors: McAllister Margaret , Brien Donna Lee 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFog in August is a German film based on Robert Domes' historical novel of the same name. The film provides a fictionalized account of the institutionalization and eventual killing of children and adults labelled as a burden on the State and unworthy of life. On one level, this is a story of good versus evil, where innocent patients are manipulated by callous doctors and nurses. At a deeper level, however, it is possible to read the characters as more complex and such a reading gives an insight into the paradox of how a genocidal policy was able to be systematically implemented by health care professionals who had previously taken an oath to provide care to all people. Carl Jung argued that powerful stories, told across generations, contain mythical archetypes that help drive the plot and convey beliefs about humanity. The aims of this paper are to explore Jungian ideas within Fog in August that help the historical story it is based on resonate with viewers today, and demonstrate how the application of these insights can help health care professionals more fully understand morally distressing events and, as a result, support and improve the safety of patients.
Nurses' experiences of busyness in their daily work
Authors: Govasli Laila , Solvoll Betty‐Ann 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore and illuminate the phenomenon of busyness as experienced by nurses. The daily work of nursing practice is often characterized by a hectic pace in the execution of tasks. Previous research shows that busyness can potentially lead to a reduction in the quality of nursing. Little has been explored about nurses' own experiences of busyness. This study has a qualitative design. The method chosen is a phenomenological hermeneutical exploration of personal experiences. Results reveal that busyness is experienced as a disparity between perceived necessary tasks and time available to accomplish them. Busyness has an outer dimension of events and a dimension of internal processes. Busyness is experienced as acceptable to some extent, but feels strongly uncomfortable if important tasks remain undone. The intolerable busyness raises negative emotions, steals energy and weakens health. Coping with busyness seems to be a personal and individual struggle, even though health service enterprises are a collective matter.
Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Placement Aided by a New Drill Guide Template Combined with Fluoroscopy: An Accuracy Study
Authors: Wu Chao , Deng Jiayan , Li Tao , Tan Lun , Yuan Dechao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw (PPS) placement aided by a new drill guide template.MethodsThe patients were divided into guide template group and conventional perspective group. In the conventional perspective group, the screws were placed by hand under fluoroscopy. In the guide template group, the screw placement was aided by a new drill guide template, and the drill guide template is designed according to the patient's ideal pedicle screw, but not based on skin morphology. The accuracy was evaluated by comparing the following parameters between the two groups: pedicle breach level, inclination angle deviation between the left and right screws, sagittal angle deviation between the left and right screws, and position deviation of the left and right screw entry points. The consistency of the postoperative screw angle and the corresponding guide template inclination angle was compared in the guide template group. The operative time, blood loss, and radiation times were compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 146 patients (876 screws) were enrolled in our study including 79 (474 screws) in the guide template group and 67 (402 screws) in the conventional perspective group. The pedicle breach level in the guide template group (22/474) was significantly lower than that in the conventional perspective group (47/402) (P < 0.05). The position and direction deviations of the left and right screws in the guide template group (2.06 ± 1.02 mm, 1.23 ± 1.25 mm, 1.83° ± 1.49°) were significantly less than those in the conventional perspective group (5.33 ± 2.99 mm, 4.32 ± 3.25 mm, 2.87° ± 1.56°). The operation time, blood loss, and radiation times were significantly lower in the guide template group (80.49 ± 9.14 min, 50.42 ± 8.9 mL, 11.02 ± 2.44) than those in the conventional perspective group (108.1 ± 21.18 min, 71.7 ± 17.09 mL, 23.53 ± 4.54). There were no significant differences between the postoperative screw angle and the corresponding guide template angle in the guide template group.ConclusionPPS placement aided by a new drill guide template yielded higher screw accuracy and less operative time, blood loss, and radiation exposure than traditional screw placement.
Washing with water alone versus soap in maintaining remission of eczema
Authors: Inuzuka Yusuke , Natsume Osamu , Matsunaga Mayumi , Monna Yoko , Okada Eisaku , Kato Yukiko , Taguchi Tomohide 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the use of soap in skin care for atopic dermatitis in Japan. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of soap to maintain eczema remission in atopic dermatitis patients during the fall‐winter period in Japan.MethodsThis assessor‐blinded, pragmatic randomized, non‐inferiority study enrolled atopic dermatitis patients whose eczema was controlled by regular steroid ointment application less than or equal to 2 days / week (tacrolimus ointment was permitted). For 8 ± 3 weeks, participants washed their upper and lower limbs on one side with soap (soap side) and on the other side with water alone (water side). The primary outcome was an Eczema Area and Severity Index score at week 8 ± 3.ResultsTwenty‐nine participants were analyzed. The Eczema Area and Severity Index scores at week 8 ± 3 of the water and soap sides were 0.0 (0.0–0.4) and 0.0 (0.0–0.4), respectively (P = 0.18). The difference between both sides was −0.02 (−0.11–0.08), and the limits of the 95% confidence interval did not reach the prespecified non‐inferiority margin. The average Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure score was 1.27 ± 1.7 and 1.32 ± 1.8 for the water and soap sides, respectively (P = 0.92). The total number of additional steroid ointment applications was four (0–20) times and six (0–23) times, respectively (P = 0.98). Participants were categorized according to self‐assessments of the usefulness of soap, with 2, 24, and 3 participants in the water‐effective, invariant, and soap‐effective groups, respectively.ConclusionsFor children with controlled atopic dermatitis, washing with water alone was not inferior to washing with soap for maintaining remission of eczema during the fall‐winter period in Japan.
On a Wrong Picture of Knowing: On Certainty and Wittgenstein's Conception of Philosophy1
Authors: Brenner William H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMy procedure in this paper will be to arrange remarks from Wittgenstein's own later writings, especially On Certainty, often in the form of a dialogue between a Wittgensteinian voice and an interlocutor. My hope is to provide an arrangement of materials that brings out how they hang together and how they show us what's wrong with a picture of knowing that has motivated much of our epistemology.
Testimonial Injustice and a Case for Mindful Epistemology
Authors: Maitra Keya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn her 2007 book Epistemic Injustice Miranda Fricker identifies testimonial injustice as a case where a hearer assigns lower credibility to a speaker due to “identity prejudice.” Fricker considers testimonial injustice as a form of epistemic injustice since it wrongs the speaker “in her capacity as a knower.” Fricker recommends developing the virtue of “testimonial justice” to address testimonial injustice. She takes this virtue to involve training in a “distinctly reflexive critical social awareness.” The main goal of this article is to argue that Fricker's proposed training falls short of the target and that a cultivation of the capacity of being present—the ability to be mindful—would be necessary to develop the critical social awareness that Fricker requires. I want to explore the impact of compassion and open‐mindedness—virtues cultivated in mindfulness training—on testimonial justice specifically and virtue epistemology generally. In attempting to develop an epistemic account informed by mindfulness—a mindful epistemology—my primary goal is to bring Buddhist insights on how to anchor the mind by training it to be fully present and attentive into the focus of mainstream Western philosophy. More specifically, I argue that doing so allows us to appreciate the crucial role that a prediscursive level of cultivation plays in the development of testimonial justice.
The Epistemology of Justice
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn arguing about justice, different sides often accept common moral principles, but reach different conclusions about justice because they disagree about facts. I argue that motivated reasoning, epistemic injustice, and ideologies of injustice support unjust institutions by entrenching distorted representations of the world. Working from a naturalistic conception of justice as a kind of social contract, I suggest some strategies for discovering what justice demands by counteracting these biases. Moral sentiments offer vital resources to this end.
“What if There's Something Wrong with Her?”‐How Biomedical Technologies Contribute to Epistemic Injustice in Healthcare
Authors: Reynolds Joel Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhile there is a steadily growing literature on epistemic injustice in healthcare, there are few discussions of the role that biomedical technologies play in harming patients in their capacity as knowers. Through an analysis of newborn and pediatric genetic and genomic sequencing technologies (GSTs), I argue that biomedical technologies can lead to epistemic injustice through two primary pathways: epistemic capture and value partitioning. I close by discussing the larger ethical and political context of critical analyses of GSTs and their broader implications for just and equitable healthcare delivery.
Growing interreligious and intercultural competence in the classroom
Authors: Lindsay Jenn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBuilding on various models for intercultural and interreligious competence (IC/IR competence), this essay argues that classroom learning about religious and cultural diversity will engage students' “sociological imaginations” and lead to increased IC/IR competence. The current strategy for increasing intercultural competence (attitude, skills and knowledge, to be developed in that order) does not reflect best practices for educating about social difference. Instead, knowledge acquisition about other cultures and religions is the “front line” task for increasing alterity competence, and the liberal arts classroom can represent a “safe space” for learning about cultural and religious differences in a depersonalized, sociological manner. Supporting this argument are self‐assessments of IC/IR competence collected from primarily European and white American students enrolled in “Religions of the World” or “Intercultural Communications,” allowing an analysis of IC/IR competence in light of the two distinct disciplines and contributing valuable data toward a broader theory of IC/IR pedagogy.
Parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell disease: An analysis from the Centers for Disease Control haemoglobinopathy blood surveillance project
Authors: Majumdar Suvankar , Bean Christopher J. , De Staercke Christine , Bost James , Nickel Robert , Coates Thomas , Campbell Andrew , Thompson Alexis 
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectiveIn the multicentre Haemoglobinopathy Blood Surveillance Project, to evaluate the seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 and DNA viral load in sickle cell disease (SCD).BackgroundAlthough the epidemiology of parvovirus B19 seropositivity in SCD has been well documented, there are few studies that have assessed possible persistent parvovirus DNAemia and associated risk factors including blood transfusion.MethodsA qualitative analysis of parvovirus B19 serology using ELISA and quantitative parvovirus B19 DNA by RT‐PCR was performed in patients with SCD.ResultsOf 322 patients, 113 (35%) were parvovirus IgG positive and 119 (37%) were IgM positive at enrolment. The prevalence of IgG positivity increased with age. 71/322 (22%) were parvovirus DNA positive at enrolment with a mean viral load of 15 227 ± 55 227 SD. (range 72‐329 238 IU/mL). Patients who were positive for parvovirus B19 DNA received a significantly higher red blood cell transfusion volume in the prior year compared to patients who were negative (mean RBC volume = 8310 mL vs 5435 mL, respectively; P = .0073). Seventy‐seven patients had follow‐up testing approximately 1 year after enrolment and 11/28 (39%) patients had persistently positive IgM.ConclusionFurther studies are needed to better understand the natural history of parvovirus B19 infection in SCD especially in relation to RBC transfusion as a risk factor, as well as disease outcome and severity.
Editors' Review and Introduction: Learning Grammatical Structures: Developmental, Cross‐Species, and Computational Approaches
Authors: ten Cate Carel , Gervain Judit , Levelt Clara C. , Petkov Christopher I. , Zuidema Willem 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHuman languages all have a grammar, that is, rules that determine how symbols in a language can be combined to create complex meaningful expressions. Despite decades of research, the evolutionary, developmental, cognitive, and computational bases of grammatical abilities are still not fully understood. “Artificial Grammar Learning” (AGL) studies provide important insights into how rules and structured sequences are learned, the relevance of these processes to language in humans, and whether the cognitive systems involved are shared with other animals. AGL tasks can be used to study how human adults, infants, animals, or machines learn artificial grammars of various sorts, consisting of rules defined typically over syllables, sounds, or visual items. In this introduction, we distill some lessons from the nine other papers in this special issue, which review the advances made from this growing body of literature. We provide a critical synthesis, identify the questions that remain open, and recognize the challenges that lie ahead. A key observation across the disciplines is that the limits of human, animal, and machine capabilities have yet to be found. Thus, this interdisciplinary area of research firmly rooted in the cognitive sciences has unearthed exciting new questions and venues for research, along the way fostering impactful collaborations between traditionally disconnected disciplines that are breaking scientific ground.
Preoperative transfusion versus no transfusion policy in sickle cell disease patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Elshinawy Mohamed , Al Marhoobi Nada , Al Abri Rashid , Nazir Hanan F. , Khater Doaa , Maktoom Manar , Al‐Rawas Abdulhakim , Mevada Surekha T. , Elghamry Islam , Wali Yasser 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMany children with sickle cell disease (SCD) indicated for adenotonsillectomy receive pre‐operative transfusion therapy, either simple or exchange transfusion, in order to reduce surgical and sickle cell disease‐related complications.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThis is a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial aiming to compare between preoperative simple transfusion and no transfusion in pediatric patients with sickle SCD admitted in Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman for adenotonsillectomy during the period from January 2014 through June 2018. They were randomly assigned into two arms (simple transfusion and no transfusion).RESULTSPostoperative SCD‐related complications have been encountered in 6 out of 138 patients (4.3%). There was no statistically significant difference between the two studied groups as regards the development of surgical or SCD‐related complications (p = 0.6 and 0.8 respectively). The length of postoperative hospital stay was comparable in the two groups. (p = 0.607). SCD‐related complications occurred exclusively in cases with homozygous sickle anemia (4 out of 81 = 4.9%).CONCLUSIONSickle cell disease patients with a hemoglobin level above 7.5 g/dL do not need PRBCs transfusion prior to adenotonsillectomy. This approach did not increase the risk of postoperative surgical or SCD‐related complications.