bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple countermeasures on unrolled architecture PRINCE against power analysis and its evaluation
Authors: Takemoto Shu , Nozaki Yusuke , Yoshikawa Masaya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLightweight block ciphers, which can be implemented with low cost, are suitable for improving the safety of small devices. PRINCE is a typical lightweight block cipher and suitable for unrolled architecture implementation. In addition, PRINCE can be achieved low latency and embedded in a small area. However, it has been reported that PRINCE with unrolled architecture implementation is vulnerable to power analysis. Regarding countermeasure against power analysis, the threshold implementation and rotating S‐boxes masking are popular countermeasures, these require large implementation overhead though. Therefore, this study proposes a low‐overhead power analysis countermeasure method for PRINCE with unrolled architecture. Moreover, evaluation experiments using a field‐programmable gate array verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In experiments, the proposed method improved tamper resistance and reduced implementation overhead in comparison with the conventional method.
Factors shaping alternate successional trajectories in burned black spruce forests of Alaska
Authors: Johnstone J. F. , Celis G. , Chapin F. S. , Hollingsworth T. N. , Jean M. , Mack M. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDisturbances can interrupt feedbacks that maintain stable plant community structure and create windows of opportunity for vegetation to shift to alternative states. Boreal forests are dominated by tree species that overlap considerably in environmental niche, but there are few tests of what conditions initiate and sustain different forest states. Here, we examine patterns of post‐fire growth and density of tree seedlings in early succession and use structural equation models to estimate relative effects of environmental and pre‐fire conditions, fire characteristics, and biotic interactions. We surveyed tree seedling recruits for 13 yr across a broad range of environmental and fire conditions (n = 89) in Alaskan black spruce stands that burned in 2004. Densities of established seedlings at 13 yr were strongly determined by initial recruitment that occurred within 2 yr after fire. High proportional combustion of the soil organic layer (fire severity) led to increased densities of deciduous seedlings but not of black spruce and had a positive influence on aboveground biomass of all species. Biotic interactions such as mammalian herbivory or woody competition, potential mechanisms for relay floristic succession, had no detectable effects on tree seedling densities or biomass. Repeated surveys instead suggested persistent shifts in successional trajectories of tree communities from spruce to deciduous dominance at sites where high fire severity created positive conditions for deciduous seedling recruitment and growth. Unless future species interactions alter the deciduous dominance of tree seedling composition, the vegetation transformations that we observed in response to high fire severity are likely to persist over the short fire cycle that increasingly characterizes the fire regime of Interior Alaska.
Systems perspectives on water security: An applied review and conceptual framework
Authors: Chiluwe Quinex W. , Claassen Marius 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the resilience of water security at the scale of a river basin, thereby contributing to the ongoing scholarship on water security. Based on literature review, we apply systems thinking and resilience theories to encapsulate water security in a river basin as a system whose behaviour depends on the interaction of the component parts and the environment within which it occurs. The proposed framework has been built on the tenet that the resilience of any system such as that for water security depends on the interactions (the relationships) of the components of the particular system. We have thus argued that there is a relationship between resilience and the configurations of the system of water security. By exploring the Orange‐Senqu River Basin, we suggest that configurations of the system of water security that includes the interaction of actors within the river basin, the structure of institutions (including institutional regimes), governance mechanisms, the capacity of actors and so forth generate the changes in the behaviour of the system. This behaviour might enable the system of water security to move into a different regime. Depending on the nature of the regime, the system can be considered to be resilient or nonresilient to disturbances. Any attempt to better understand this system requires us to uncover the configurations of this system and how its parts interact with each other, and this is, therefore, the pathway to unlocking the potential of achieving water security at the scale of a river basin.
Mildly symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations
Authors: Arvanitaki Alexandra , Michou Eleni , Kalogeropoulos Andreas , Karvounis Haralambos , Giannakoulas George 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsWhereas up to about half of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) report no or only mild symptoms and are considered as clinically stable, the progressive nature of HFrEF, often silent, renders clinical stability a misleading situation, especially if disease progression is unrecognized. We highlight the challenges in the definition of clinical stability and mild symptomatic status in HFrEF, outline clinical characteristics and available diagnostic tools, and discuss evidence and gaps in the current guidelines for the management of these patients.Methods and ResultsThis is a state‐of‐the‐art review that focuses on clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects in mildly symptomatic HFrEF patients; summarizes the challenges; and proposes directions for future research in this group of patients. The New York Heart Association classification has been widely used as a measure of prognosis in HFrEF, but it lacks objectivity and reproducibility in terms of symptoms assessment. The definition of clinical stability as described in current guidelines is vague and may often lead to underdiagnosis of disease progression in patients who appear to be ‘stable' but in fact are at an increased risk of clinical worsening, hospitalization, or death. Although an increasing number of clinical trials proved that the efficacy of HFrEF therapies was unrelated to the symptomatic status of patients and led to their implementation early in the course of the disease, clinical inertia in terms of under‐prescription or underdosing of guideline‐recommended medications in mildly symptomatic HFrEF patients is still a challenging issue to deal with.ConclusionsMildly symptomatic status in a patient with HFrEF is very frequent; it should not be ignored and should not be regarded as an index of disease stability. The application of risk scores designed to predict mortality and mode of death should be engaged among mildly symptomatic patients, not only to identify the most suitable HF candidates for cardioverter defibrillator implantation, but also to identify patients who might benefit from early intensification of medical treatment before the implementation of more interventional approaches.
Use of the Product from Low Pressure Extraction (Crambe Seed Oil and Methyl Acetate) for Synthesis of Methyl Esters and Triacetin Under Supercritical Conditions
Authors: Postaue Najla , de Mello Bruna Tais Ferreira , Cardozo‐Filho Lúcio , da Silva Camila 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMethyl esters (ME) and triacetin production from the supercritical interesterification of the product from low pressure extraction (crambe seed oil and methyl acetate) are evaluated. Reactions are conducted at 300–375 °C for different residence times, at 20 MPa, and under these conditions the thermal stability of triacetin is evaluated. The effect of the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration (in oil) is determined. An increase in temperature favors the formation of ME and triacetin at shorter reaction times. At 375 °C, after 15 min a drop in the ME yield is observed and triacetin is not detected. A reduction in the triacetin concentration (reaching ≈99%) is observed at 375 °C. High FFA concentration (in oil) initially provided higher product generation, however, after 15 min no influence is observed. The highest ME yield (≈60%) is obtained at 300 °C, along with 1.22 wt% triacetin and ≈5.0 wt% unreacted compounds.Practical Applications: This paper reports new experimental data on an integrated process for the production of methyl esters from low pressure extraction (crambe seeds and methyl acetate) and supercritical reaction of the extraction mixture. The technique used allows the removal of a high quantity of oil from good quality crambe seeds. The viability of applying the integrated process to obtain oils with a high content of free fatty acids is verified, promoting the obtainment of relatively simple methyl esters. The procedure does not require oil purification and solvent recovery prior to the reaction.
Evaluation of ethylic and methylic esterification reactions to reduce acidity of crude bio‐oil
Authors: Ramos Eloé S. , Zimmermann Diego , Beims Ramon F. , Chiarello Luana M. , Botton Vanderleia , Simionatto Edésio L. , Wiggers Vinicyus R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBio‐oil produced from triglycerides thermal cracking is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds and is a potentially renewable source for fuel and chemical production. The presence of carboxylic acids results in a high acid index making it difficult to refine and use it as a fossil fuel substitute. This high acidity causes corrosion and may interfere on the final applications. In this work, soybean oil was thermally cracked, and the bio‐oil was characterized and submitted to esterification reactions in order to evaluate the effect of temperature and reactants mass ratio. Before esterification, crude bio‐oil showed 8.61% of carboxylic acids in GC–MS characterization and an acid index of 133.33 mg KOH/g. The reactions were conducted for 90 min, from 50 to 65°C for methanol and from 60 to 75°C for ethanol, and the bio‐oil‐alcohol mass ratio from 10:1 to 1:1. Methylic and ethylic esterification at 1:1 mass ratio of bio oil to alcohol at 65°C and 75°C showed decrease of 97.5 and 90.4% in the acid index, reaching values of 3.35 and 12.65 mg KOH/g, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of using esterification in bio‐oil to reduce its acidity and improve its quality.
Catchment storage and residence time in a periodically irrigated watershed
Authors: Grande Emilio , Visser Ate , Moran Jean E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding anthropogenic impacts on water storage and water flow pathways in catchments is an ongoing challenge in hydrology. Here, we study the dynamics of subsurface storage and residence time of water in a catchment in Berkeley, California, that is within a regional park but contains diverse land use within its perimeter, including a periodically irrigated golf course. Our study combines several isotopic tracers with water budget data to examine sources of water in a stream draining the site. Irrigation water, applied to a small area of the watershed, is a minor component of the water budget. However, geochemical tracers reveal that irrigation water is a significant fraction of stream flow downstream of the golf course during baseflow and during precipitation events. Isotopic tracers indicate that the watershed has a preference to release young water for stream flow generation, resulting in contrasting tritium ages for stream water and groundwater of 1.3 ± 0.5 year and 8.2 ± 1.7 year, respectively. We determined that the older water is a very small component (0.7%) of the stream water in the tail of an assumed exponential distribution. We used the seasonal variation of stable water isotopes in precipitation and stream water over two water years to explain the damping of the isotopic signature of stream water, which yields information about the catchment's response to the input signal. The methods described here may be applicable to other urban or suburban headwater catchments in areas with a component of non‐natural recharge from, for example, leaky infrastructure, storm water routing or dry season irrigation.
A self‐consistent coulomb bath model using density fitting
Authors: Chen Xin , Qu Zexing , Suo Bingbing , Gao Jiali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA self‐consistent Coulomb bath model is presented to provide an accurate and efficient way of performing calculations for interfragment electrostatic and polarization interactions. In this method, a condensed‐phase system is partitioned into molecular fragment blocks. Each fragment is embedded in the Coulomb bath due to other fragments. Importantly, the present Coulomb bath is represented using a density fitting method in which the electron densities of molecular fragments are fitted using an atom‐centered auxiliary basis set of Gaussian type. The Coulomb bath is incorporated into an effective Hamiltonian for each fragment, with which the electron density is optimized through an iterative double self‐consistent field (DSCF) procedure to realize the mutual many‐body polarization effects. In this work, the accuracy of interfragment interaction energies enumerated using the Coulomb bath is tested, showing a good agreement with the exact results from an energy decomposition analysis. The qualitative features of many‐body polarization effects are visualized by electron density difference plots. It is also shown that the present DSCF method can yield fast and robust convergence with near‐linear scaling in performance with increase in system size.
Design and implementation of the infection prevention program into risk management: Managing high level disinfection and sterilization in the outpatient setting
Authors: Sweet Wendy , Snyder Dayna , Raymond Matthew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReusable, invasive medical devices within the outpatient setting pose a risk for patient harm. Ineffective disinfection of medical devices can potentially lead to transmission of pathogens between patients; and improper handling can lead to patient injury. A risk assessment was conducted, and the results strongly supported the necessity to develop a robust infection prevention program within the risk management department. This exclusive program was a proactive approach to preventing patient exposure within our healthcare system. Designing and integrating an Infection Prevention program into the Risk Management Department presented challenges, especially with the magnitude of devices and lack of standardization throughout our 33 clinics. Key components of the program included: capturing an accurate inventory of devices throughout the system, hiring a sterile processing expert, engaging support from senior leadership, adhering to rigorous auditing processes, and establishing a staff competency training structure. Since the program was launched 2 years ago, outcomes include: identification of high‐risk practices with immediate resolution, increase in average clinic compliance to device reprocessing standards from 88% to 99%, elimination of 71% of scope reprocessing and 39% of instrument sterilization by clinic staff with allocation to central sterile processing departments, and development of a staff competency training structure.
Comparative Study of Amide Proton Transfer‐Weighted Imaging and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Evaluation
Authors: Meng Nan , Wang Xue‐Jia , Sun Jing , Huang Ling , Wang Zhe , Wang Kai‐Yu , Wang Jing , Han Dong‐Ming , Wang Mei‐Yun 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAmide proton transfer‐weighted imaging (APTWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) are valuable MRI techniques applied to cancer.PurposeTo compare APTWI and IVIM in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions and to evaluate the correlations between different parameters (MTRasym [3.5 ppm], D, D*, and f) and prognostic factors for breast cancer.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 123 breast lesions were studied before treatment, including 58 benign lesions and 65 malignant lesions.Field Strength/SequenceConventional MRI (T1WI, T2WI, and diffusion‐weighted imaging [DWI]), APTWI, and IVIM MRI at 3T.AssessmentThe magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm (MTRasym [3.5 ppm]), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) values were compared between the benign and malignant groups and between groups with different expression levels of prognostic factors.Statistical TestsIndividual sample t‐test, χ2 test, Spearman correlation, logistic regression, and the Delong test.ResultsThe D and MTRasym (3.5 ppm) values of the malignant group were lower than those of the benign group; however, D* and f values were higher than those of the benign group (all P < 0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of D, MTRasym (3.5 ppm), D*, and f were 0.809, 0.778, 0.670, and 0.766, respectively; however, only the difference between AUC (D) and AUC (D*) was significant (Z = 2.374, P < 0.05). The D value showed a low correlation with the pathological grade and Ki‐67 expression (| r | = 0.294, 0.367); the f value showed a low correlation with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (| r | = 0.382); and the MTRasym (3.5 ppm) value showed a low correlation with pathological grade (| r | = 0.371).Data ConclusionThis analysis revealed that both IVIM and APTWI could be used for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions, and APTWI‐derived MTRasym (3.5 ppm), IVIM‐derived D, D*, and f values showed correlations with some prognostic factors for breast cancer.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:1175–1186.
Optical diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection in blood plasma using Raman spectroscopy and chemometric techniques
Authors: Saleem M. , Ali Safdar , Khan M. Bilal , Amin Ayyaz , Bilal M. , Nawaz Haq , Hassan Mehdi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe potential of Raman spectroscopy has been utilized for the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in blood plasma. Raman spectra of 24 diseased and 10 healthy samples were used to develop distinct types of support vector machine (SVM) models, including linear, quadratic, and radial basis function (RBF) using multivariate method of principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of the obtained datasets. To assess the diagnostic power of these algorithms, developed models were tested on independent dataset. RBF‐based PCA‐SVM model achieved the best performance and yielded accuracy of 98.82%, sensitivity of 98.89%, and specificity of 98.80%. The performance of the SVM models was compared with rerated chemometric method of partial least square regression (PLSR), which has been developed by using the same dataset. The PLSR model attained the diagnostic accuracy of 88%, sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 78% for same dataset. Our developed model has established promising results compared with state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The results reveal the improved performance of the developed chemometric techniques and clinical prediction potential of HBV by PCA‐SVMs in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy.
Vertically integrated, double stack oxide TFT layers for high‐resolution AMOLED backplane
Authors: Lee Suhui , Chen Yuanfeng , Kim Jeonggi , Jang Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe developed a novel vertically integrated, double stack oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane for high‐resolution organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. The first TFT layer is bulk‐accumulation mode, and the second TFT layer is a single gate with back‐channel etched structure. The extracted mobilities and threshold voltages are higher than 10 cm2/Vs and 0 ~ 1 V, respectively. Both TFTs are found to be extremely stable under the bias and temperature stress. The gate driver with width of 530 μm and a pitch of 18.6 μm was developed, exhibiting well shifted signal up to the last stage of 900 stages without output degradation, which could be used for 1360 ppi TFT backplane.
Genetic contributions to the etiology of anorexia nervosa: New perspectives in molecular diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Paolacci Stefano , Kiani Aysha Karim , Manara Elena , Beccari Tommaso , Ceccarini Maria Rachele , Stuppia Liborio , Chiurazzi Pietro , Dalla Ragione Laura , Bertelli Matteo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa is a multifactorial eating disorder that manifests with self‐starvation, extreme anxiety, hyperactivity, and amenorrhea. Long‐term effects include organ failure, disability, and in extreme cases, even death.MethodsThrough a literature search, here we summarize what is known about the molecular etiology of anorexia nervosa and propose genetic testing for this condition.ResultsAnorexia nervosa often has a familial background and shows strong heritability. Various genetic studies along with genome‐wide association studies have identified several genetic loci involved in molecular pathways that might lead to anorexia.ConclusionAnorexia nervosa is an eating disorder with a strong genetic component that contributes to its etiology. Various genetic approaches might help in the molecular diagnosis of this disease and in devising novel therapeutic options.
A comparative study of preoperative color‐coded Duplex ultrasonography versus handheld audible Dopplers in ALT flap planning
Authors: Thomas Benjamin , Warszawski Jan , Falkner Florian , Nagel Sarah S. , Schmidt Volker J. , Kneser Ulrich , Bigdeli Amir K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe anterior lateral thigh (ALT) flap's vascular variability can lead to complications. Thus, the accuracy of numerous planning modalities has been studied. The clinical relevance of competing mapping methods, however, remains unknown. Therefore, we compared the impact of color‐coded Duplex ultrasonography and handheld audible Dopplers on surgical efficacy and flap safety.Patients and methodsForty‐four ALT flaps were included in this comparative retrospective monocentric study. Twelve patients received Duplex scans and 32 flaps were designed using Dopplers only. Patient, defect, and flap characteristics of both groups were analyzed. The effect of either planning method on the primary outcome variables – flap harvest and operative times (HT, OT), course of perforator dissection, incidence of flap loss, emergent re‐explorations, and donor‐site revisions – was then assessed.ResultsPatient, defect, and flap characteristics were comparable between both groups, including flap size (Doppler: 134 ± 73 cm2, Duplex: 131 ± 65 cm2, p = .90). There was no flap loss. Emergent re‐explorations (Doppler: 4/32, Duplex: 1/12, p = .70) and donor‐site revisions (Doppler: 2/32, Duplex: 1/12, p = .81) were equally distributed. Duplex rendered septal perforator dissection 10 times more likely (Chi‐Square = 8.9, p = .003, OR = 9.7), reaching 50% (n = 6/12), as opposed to only 9% in the Doppler cohort (n = 3/32). This allowed for highly significant HT and OT reductions of 89 minutes, respectively (p < .01): from 255 and 383 min (Doppler) to 166 and 294 min (Duplex).ConclusionsPreoperative Duplex significantly reduces harvest and operative times of ALT flaps.