bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of endorser type and testimonials in direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertising (DTCA)
Authors: Rollins Brent , Huh Jisu , Bhutada Nilesh , Perri Matthew 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effects of different types of endorsers (expert vs consumer vs celebrity) in testimonial vs non-testimonial message contexts on consumers’ responses toward direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA).

Design/methodology/approach
An online experiment was conducted with a 3 (endorser type: expert vs consumer vs celebrity) × 2 (message type: testimonial vs non-testimonial) plus control group (no endorser, no testimonial) factorial design to assess the various dependent variables.

Findings
Perceived source credibility and similarity was significantly different across the endorser types, and the expert endorser (i.e. a doctor) generated the highest mean level of source credibility, while consumer endorsers generate the highest mean source similarity. The interaction of endorser type and message type significantly impacted ad believability and skepticism. Specifically, the endorser type factor had a significant impact on the dependent variables only in the testimonial ad condition, but not in the non-testimonial ad condition. The effects were mediated by source credibility.

Originality/value
While the focused results show celebrities may not be the strongest choice to endorse when using testimonials, the overall lack of main effect of testimonials lends to the possibility of a plateauing of effects with the various appeals used in DTC ads. DTCA has now been around for over 20 years, and this study lends to the possibility consumers are becoming unaffected by the various appeals used by pharmaceutical manufactures and only respond when a multitude of personally relevant factors are in place.
Three early papers on self-neglect
Authors: Martineau Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
The paper examines three English research papers on self-neglect, from 1957, 1966 and 1975, discussing them in the context of more recent thinking and the statutory framework in England.

Design/methodology/approach
In reviewing the three research papers, developments and points of continuity in the field of self-neglect were identified and are discussed in this paper.

Findings
In light of the findings of the three articles, the present paper traces some of the classificatory refinements in this field that have taken place since the papers were published, notably in respect of hoarding and severe domestic squalor. Some of the difficulties in making judgements about behaviour thought to breach societal norms are described, and the challenges practitioners face in intervening in cases, particularly where the person concerned is refusing assistance, are examined.

Originality/value
By drawing on the historical research context, the paper contributes to our current understanding of the field of self-neglect.
Beyond the workforce training pipeline: embracing the meandering stream of “whole of life” and career to strengthen the retention of health professionals rurally
Authors: Colbran Richard , Ramsden Robyn , Edwards Michael , O'Callaghan Emer , Karlson Dave 
Published: December 2020

PurposeWhile Australia has continued to invest in polices and strategies aimed at improving rural health service provision, many communities still confront a disproportionate share of the rural workforce shortage. The NSW Rural Doctors Network (RDN) contributes its perspectives about the importance of a whole of life career and the meandering stream concept to support the retention of health professionals rurally. We unpack these concepts and examine how they bring to light a new and useful approach to addressing rural workforce challenges and potentially contribute to building a stronger integrated care approach.Design/methodology/approachThe approach used involved tapping into RDN's 30-years of experience in recruitment and retention of remote and rural health professionals, combined with insights from relevant existing and emerging evidence.FindingsWe suggest that reframing retention to consider a life stage approach to career will guide more effective targeting of rural health policies, workforce planning, collaborative approaches and allocation of incentives. We posit that an understanding and acceptance of modern lifestyles and career pathways, and a celebration of career commitment to serving rural communities, is necessary for successful recruitment and retention of Australia's future rural health workforce beyond the training pipeline.Originality/valueWe outline and visually represent RDN's meandering stream approach to building and retaining a capable rural health workforce through addressing life cycle and workforce level needs. This perspective paper draws on RDN's direct experience in the field.
Understanding resource commitment to R&D in multinational enterprises: a novel conceptual framework
Authors: le Duc Niels 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce and advocate the concept of resource commitment to better understand multinational enterprise (MNE) research and development (R&D) behavior.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a theory adaptation research design, this paper assesses the characteristics and antecedents associated with varying resource commitment positions. It does so in relation to MNE R&D activities, considering their importance to firm competitiveness and the recent increases in the number of locations and innovative activities a firm might choose to invest in.FindingsThe paper presents a framework showing that differences in resource commitment are more nuanced than expected. The evaluation of antecedents shows that the external environment, the purpose of R&D activities and firm experience influence the resource commitment position of a firm’s R&D activities.Originality/valueThe paper provides a pathway toward understanding of MNE R&D behavior, explaining observable differences in resource and commitment levels of R&D units. The presented framework offers MNE managers insight into when to adopt which resource commitment positions. It offers policymakers insights into the type of activities and the companies they need to attract to maximize the added value of firm’s investments in their country/region.
“Little Red Sandals”: female police officers' lived experience of investigating sexual violence
Authors: Bozga Adina , McDowall Almuth , Brown Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

PurposeAgainst a background of increasing workload and external criticism, the purpose of this paper is to expose the indelible memories impressed on female police officers dedicated to investigating allegations of rape and sexual violence.Design/methodology/approachParticipants (n = 15) were female police officers working in a specialist sexual offences investigation unit in a large English Metropolitan Police Force. A semi-structured interview was employed to elicit their experiences as an example of “extreme” police work. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to develop themes elucidating psychological and physical impacts on officers and their coping strategies.FindingsPersonal consequences were framed within the conceptualisation of secondary trauma. Emergent findings revealed profound and lasting vicarious traumatisation. Participants reported feelings of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, intrusive imagery, altered beliefs and cognitions as well as disrupted intimacy with partners. Coping adaptations included sensory shutdown, avoidance, dissociation and a reduction in victim care.Practical implicationsThe findings support the need to consider occupational interventions to address risk factors associated with caseload, tenure, personal experience of neglect (e.g. in childhood), and the permeability of work and family boundaries for such exceptional policing tasks.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to a nascent literature on stress in “extreme” police work. The theoretical contribution is the focus on the emotional and physical aspects of vicarious trauma, which have been less well understood than cognitive aspects. The practice implications stress the need for targeted support activities given the profound psychological consequences of prolonged exposure to distressing material.
Sequence analysis and specificity of distinct types of menaquinone methyltransferases indicate the widespread potential of methylmenaquinone production in bacteria and archaea
Authors: Wilkens Dennis , Meusinger Reinhard , Hein Sascha , Simon Jörg 
Published: December 2020

SummaryMenaquinone (MK) serves as an essential membranous redox mediator in various electron transport chains of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. In addition, the composition of the quinone/quinol pool has been widely used as a biomarker in microbial taxonomy. The HemN‐like class C radical SAM methyltransferases (RSMTs) MqnK, MenK and MenK2 have recently been shown to facilitate specific menaquinone methylation reactions at position C‐8 (MqnK/MenK) or C‐7 (MenK2) to synthesize 8‐methylmenaquinone, 7‐methylmenaquinone and 7,8‐dimethylmenaquinone. However, the vast majority of protein sequences from the MqnK/MenK/MenK2 family belong to organisms, whose capacity to produce methylated menaquinones has not been investigated biochemically. Here, representative putative menK and menK2 genes from Collinsella tanakaei and Ferrimonas marina were individually expressed in Escherichia coli (wild‐type or ubiE deletion mutant) and the corresponding cells were found to produce methylated derivatives of the endogenous MK and 2‐demethylmenaquinone. Cluster and phylogenetic analyses of 828 (methyl)menaquinone methyltransferase sequences revealed signature motifs that allowed to discriminate enzymes of the MqnK/MenK/MenK2 family from other radical SAM enzymes and to identify C‐7‐specific menaquinone methyltransferases of the MenK2 subfamily. This study will help to predict the methylation status of the quinone/quinol pool of a microbial species (or even a microbial community) from its (meta)genome and contribute to the future design of microbial quinone/quinol pools in a Synthetic Biology approach.
Combining chemical analysis, sensory profile, CATA, preference mapping and chemometrics to establish the consumer quality standard of Camembert‐type cheeses
Authors: Los Paulo Ricardo , Simões Deise Rosana Silva , Benvenutti Laís , Zielinski Acácio Antonio Ferreira , Alberti Aline , Nogueira Alessandro 
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to establish a consumer quality standard for Camembert‐type cheeses, combining chemical analysis, sensory profile, CATA (Check‐All‐That‐Apply), preference mapping and chemometrics. The cheeses were manufactured using three different cultures (‘O’ mesophilic homofermentative; ‘T’ thermophilic and ‘LD’ mesophilic heterofermentative) and assessed at different ripening times (14, 21 and 28 days). The results showed a clear separation between consumers, with a higher number preferring the LD‐type cheeses. The use of different sensory methods clarifies the consumers' choice regarding the cheese, with CATA proving to be an effective, low‐cost method for characterisation of the cheeses, with the cheese made with LD‐type culture the most accepted. These results show that this methodology can be used to develop consumer acceptable products through the standardisation of the manufacturing protocol.
The Effectiveness of White‐Collar Crime Enforcement: Evidence from the War on Terror
Authors: Nguyen Trung 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the impact of changes in regulatory priorities and resource allocation on criminal enforcement of white‐collar criminal activities. Using the 9/11 terrorist attacks as a shock to the FBI's priorities and allocation of investigative resources, as well as variation in the Muslim population in the United States, I examine whether prioritization of counterterrorism investigations after 9/11 is associated with weaker enforcement of laws targeting white‐collar crime. I then use a difference‐in‐differences estimation to study the magnitude of any increase in white‐collar crime resulting from reduced oversight. I find a significantly greater reduction in white‐collar criminal cases referred by FBI field offices that shifted more of their investigative focus away from white‐collar crime to counterterrorism. Further, geographic areas in the jurisdictions of FBI field offices with greater shifts in attention from white‐collar crime to counterterrorism experienced greater increases in wire fraud, illegal insider‐trading activities, and fraud within financial institutions.
Creation, destruction, and COVID: Heeding the call of country, bringing things into balance
Authors: Smith Aunty Shaa , Smith Neeyan , Daley Lara , Wright Sarah , Hodge Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOn Gumbaynggirr Country (mid‐north coast New South Wales, Australia), an act of violence against the sacredness of life and Country resulted in Wirriiga, the Two Sisters, making the sea. When the waters rose, the people made their way back to their homeland by following a gut‐string bridge made by Dunggiirr, the Koala Brothers. While the people were on the bridge, mischievous Baalijin, the eastern quoll, threatened to chop it down and made waves that nearly washed them off. Baalijin challenges complacency and forces change, and on that understanding in this article we consider what it means to be living this present time of instability and changes wrought by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19); ours is a perspective grounded in story and Gumbaynggirr Law/Lore. We write as Yandaarra, a research collective guided by the Old Fellas (ancestors) and led by Aunty Shaa Smith, storyholder for Gumbaynggirr Country, and her daughter Neeyan Smith, a young Gumbaynggirr woman. Learning from a Gumbaynggirr‐led understanding of COVID‐19—as one manifestation of Baalijin and relationships fallen out of balance—re‐situates the pandemic in wider and longer histories of colonisation and destructive patterns of existence and broken agreements. Those learnings prompt us to call for Juungambala—work involved in setting things right as a way to heal. Let Baalijin and COVID‐19 be the wake‐up call that forces the change that Country (and we) need.
Molecular evolution and deorphanization of bitter taste receptors in a vampire bat
Authors: LU Qin , JIAO Hengwu , WANG Yi , NORBU Ngawang , ZHAO Huabin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBats represent the largest dietary radiation in a single mammalian order, and have become an emerging model group for studying dietary evolution. Taste receptor genes have proven to be molecular signatures of dietary diversification in bats. For example, all 3 extant species of vampire bats have lost many bitter taste receptor genes (Tas2rs) in association with their dietary shift from insectivory to sanguivory. Indeed, only 8 full‐length Tas2rs were identified from the high‐quality genome of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus). However, it is presently unknown whether these bitter receptors are functional, since the sense of taste is less important in vampire bats, which have an extremely narrow diet and rely on other senses for acquiring food. Here, we applied a molecular evolutionary analysis of Tas2rs in the common vampire bat compared with non‐vampire bats. Furthermore, we provided the first attempt to deorphanize all bitter receptors of the vampire bat using a cell‐based assay. We found that all Tas2r genes in the vampire bat have a level of selective pressure similar to that in non‐vampire bats, suggesting that this species must have retained some bitter taste functions. We demonstrated that 5 of the 8 bitter receptors in the vampire bat can be activated by some bitter compounds, and observed that the vampire bat generally can not detect naturally occurring bitter compounds examined in this study. Our study demonstrates functional retention of bitter taste in vampire bats as suggested by cell‐based functional assays, calling for an in‐depth study of extra‐oral functions of bitter taste receptors.
Comparison of three techniques for genetic estimation of effective population size in a critically endangered parrot
Authors: Olah G. , Stojanovic D. , Webb M. H. , Waples R. S. , Heinsohn R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the current population size of small, spatially aggregating populations of species is essential for their conservation. Reliable estimates of the effective population size (Ne) can be used to provide an early warning for conservation managers of the risks to genetic viability of small populations. Critically endangered, migratory swift parrots Lathamus discolor exist in a single panmictic population in Australia. In their Tasmanian breeding range, they are at severe risk of predation by introduced sugar gliders, exacerbated by deforestation. We used three genetic approaches to estimate Ne using DNA samples genotyped by microsatellite markers and existing life‐history data of swift parrots. Based on all samples, we revealed small contemporary Ne estimates across methods (range: 44–140), supporting the need to urgently address threatening processes. Using the 0.5 Ne/N ratio calculated from demographic data suggests that the minimum potential contemporary population size is below 300 individual swift parrots. This is considerably lower than the published estimates derived from expert elicitation, and accords with modeled estimates of extinction risk in this species. Our study has important implications for other threatened species with unknown population sizes and demonstrates that by utilizing available genetic data, reasonable estimates of Ne can be derived.
Analysis of fish population size distributions confirms cessation of fishing in marine protected areas
Authors: White J. Wilson , Yamane Mark T. , Nickols Kerry J. , Caselle Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe number of protected areas that restrict or prohibit harvest of wild populations is growing. In general, protected areas are expected to increase the abundance of previously‐harvested species. Whether a protected area achieves this expectation is typically evaluated by assessing trends in abundance after implementation. However, the underlying assumption that harvest has actually ceased is rarely tested directly. Determining whether illegal harvest (poaching) has continued in a protected area is important to planning enforcement and adaptive management. Here, we estimated harvest rates for four kelp forest fish species inside marine protected areas (MPAs) and non‐MPA reference sites in the California Channel Islands, from 2003 (when MPAs were implemented) to 2017. We estimated harvest by fitting a size‐structured population model to survey data. Overall, harvest rates were effectively zero in MPAs but much higher in non‐MPA sites. This indicates successful adherence to MPA regulations, and possible displacement of fishing effort to reference sites. However, some poaching was detected in two MPA sites, highlighting the importance of assessing this quantity. This modeling approach could provide a tool to complement the long‐term management of MPA networks, particularly given the difficulty of acquiring harvest rate data at the spatial scale of individual MPAs.
Inhibition of fatty acid synthase with FT‐4101 safely reduces hepatic de novo lipogenesis and steatosis in obese subjects with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Results from two early‐phase randomized trials
Authors: Beysen Carine , Schroeder Patricia , Wu Eric , Brevard Julie , Ribadeneira Maria , Lu Wei , Dole Kiran , O'Reilly Terry , Morrow Linda , Hompesch Marcus , Hellerstein Marc K. , Li Kelvin , Johansson Lars , Kelly Patrick F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo assess the therapeutic potential of fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibition with FT‐4101, a potent, selective, orally bioavailable, small‐molecule by (a) evaluating the dose−response of single FT‐4101 doses (3, 6 and 9 mg) on hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in healthy participants (Study 1) and (b) demonstrating the safety, tolerability and efficacy on hepatic steatosis after 12 weeks of FT‐4101 dosing in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD; Study 2).Materials and MethodsIn Study 1, three sequential cohorts of healthy men (n = 10/cohort) were randomized to receive a single dose of FT‐4101 (n = 5/cohort) or placebo (n = 5/cohort) followed by crossover dosing after 7 days. Hepatic DNL was assessed during fructose stimulation from 13C‐acetate incorporation. In Study 2, men and women with NAFLD (n = 14) randomly received 12 weeks of intermittent once‐daily dosing (four cycles of 2 weeks on‐treatment, followed by 1 week off‐treatment) of 3 mg FT‐4101 (n = 9) or placebo (n = 5). Steady‐state DNL based on deuterated water labelling, hepatic steatosis using magnetic resonance imaging‐proton density fat fraction and sebum lipids and circulating biomarkers were assessed.ResultsSingle and repeat dosing of FT‐4101 were safe and well tolerated. Single FT‐4101 doses inhibited hepatic DNL dose‐dependently. Twelve weeks of 3 mg FT‐4101 treatment improved hepatic steatosis and inhibited hepatic DNL. Decreases in sebum sapienate content with FT‐4101 at week 11 were not significant compared to placebo and rebounded at week 12. Biomarkers of liver function, glucose and lipid metabolism were unchanged.ConclusionsInhibition of FASN with 3 mg FT‐4101 safely reduces hepatic DNL and steatosis in NAFLD patients.
Genetically determined lean mass and dietary response
Authors: Dash Satya , Paterson Andrew D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWeight loss attenuates many obesity‐related co‐morbidities, but is difficult to sustain with dietary change. Dietary adherence, not macronutrient composition, is a better predictor of weight loss. Weight loss‐induced endocrine changes promote food intake and increase energy efficiency, contributing to the difficulty with dietary adherence and weight regain. Macronutrient preference is partly genetically determined, suggesting that personalized dietary interventions might be more successful. In this issue, Li et al. report that a genetic risk score comprising the cumulative weighted effects of variants previously associated with increased lean mass is associated with increased satiety and weight loss 6 months after initiating a low‐ but not a high‐fat diet. The effects were attenuated by 2 years. These findings suggest that genetic variants may influence response to specific diet. Further studies are necessary to assess whether genetically determined lean mass is causally associated with dietary response. Significant progress has recently been made in identifying additional genetic determinants of lean mass, which will enable such investigations and potentially inform future nutritional studies.