bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Supervision on Bank Performance
Authors: HIRTLE BEVERLY , KOVNER ANNA , PLOSSER MATTHEW 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWe explore the impact of supervision on the riskiness, profitability, and growth of U.S. banks. Using data on supervisors' time use, we demonstrate that the top‐ranked banks by size within a supervisory district receive more attention from supervisors, even after controlling for size, complexity, risk, and other characteristics. Using a matched sample approach, we find that these top‐ranked banks that receive more supervisory attention hold less risky loan portfolios, are less volatile, and are less sensitive to industry downturns, but do not have lower growth or profitability. Our results underscore the distinct role of supervision in mitigating banking sector risk.
Immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor α, Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB P65 in the polyps of patients with and without endometriosis
Authors: Jiang Rufang , Yang Yihua , Huang Qiuyan , Jin Yufu , Feng Yu , Huang Xinyue , Qin Aiping , Liu Bo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα), Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB P65 in endometrial polyps from patients with and without endometriosis.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to characterize the expression of ERα, Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB P65 in proliferative phase endometrial polyps from patients with and without endometriosis. H‐Scores indicating the staining intensity for ERα, Bcl‐2 and NF‐κB P65 in the glandular epithelium and stroma were measured separately. Apoptotic cells were detected with the use of the dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) assay.ResultsBcl‐2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells, whereas ERα was expressed in the nuclei of both glandular epithelial and stromal cells. NF‐κB P65 was observed in the cytoplasm of both glandular epithelial and stromal cells. The H‐scores for Bcl‐2 in the endometrial glands significantly higher in the endometriosis polyp group than in the non‐endometriosis polyp group. The H‐scores for ERα in both stromal and glandular epithelial cells were significantly higher in the endometriosis polyp group than in the non‐endometriosis polyp group. The H‐scores for Bcl‐2 and ERα were positively correlated in all of the women examined. Apoptotic cells in the endometriosis polyp group were significantly less than that of the non‐endometriosis polyp group.ConclusionThere expression levels of Bcl‐2 and ERα, both of which were significantly increased in the polyps of endometriosis patients compared to those of patients without endometriosis, were positively correlated. These results suggested that imbalanced apoptosis secondary to abnormally high ERα expression was responsible for the high prevalence of polyps in endometriosis patients.
Critical Appraisal of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias: Lipid Modification to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk: European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) 2019 Guidelines
Authors: Alhmoud Eman N , Barazi Raja , Fahmi Amr , Abdu Abdullah , Higazy Alya , ElHajj Maguy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the recently published European clinical practice guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias, utilizing the refined Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation tool.

Method
The 2019 European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk was appraised and scored for methodological rigour and transparency by 5 independent appraisers using a validated tool.

Key findings
The guideline scored highest in the domains that evaluated editorial independence (100%) and clarity of presentation (98.6%) and lowest in the domains that addressed stakeholder involvement (55.56%) and rigour of development (63%). Overall the quality of the guideline was high, and all reviewers recommended its use in practice.

Conclusion
The guideline’s overall quality was judged to be high, and all appraisers recommended its use in practice without modifications.
Cost analysis and utilization of antihypertensive drug therapy in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ali Mohammad Daud 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Mentioned study is carried out to assess the prescription pattern, utilization of drug and cost analysis of antihypertensive medications used in the treatment of hypertension in a private hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a private hospital in Saudi Arabia. Cost analysis and patterns of outpatient and inpatient antihypertensive drugs used among hypertensive patients between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 were investigated, including incidence, prevalence, duration of use of therapy, class of antihypertensive drugs and therapy for cost-effective use.

Key findings
Monotherapy (78.32%) was leading trends of antihypertensive therapy that followed fixed dose combination with or without multidrug therapy (21.68%). The most frequent antihypertensive class to be prescribed was nonselective beta-blockers (39.36%) followed by calcium channel blockers (16.51%). The status in terms of cost utilized average per unit was the highest for telmisartan (3.371 (0.90) SR (USD)). The propranolol was most cost-effective (average cost per unit 1.43 (0.38) SR) in relative to the other antihypertensive prescribed.

Conclusion
Our study suggested that the prescription pattern of drugs used for the treatment of hypertension adhered with the JNC 8 guidelines. Monotherapy was reliably more recommended in the initial stages of hypertension. Higher percentage of patients (78.32%) was found to be on monotherapy. The Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) has overwhelmed for fixation of prices of drugs.
Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID‐19 pandemic in Albania
Authors: Mechili Enkeleint A. , Saliaj Aurela , Kamberi Fatjona , Girvalaki Charis , Peto Ela , Patelarou Athina E. , Bucaj Jorgjia , Patelarou Evridiki 
Published: July 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Mental health is deteriorated during the quarantine period.

Mental health status is affected by the quarantine even after the end of it and for an extended period.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Depression levels among nursing/midwifery students during the quarantine period are high.

Depression levels among students’ family members during the quarantine period are high.

Those who are not satisfied with COVID‐19 prevention measures and those who believe that COVID‐19 and quarantine can cause problems on health, have elevated levels of depression.

What are the implications for practice?

Provision of mental health services during the quarantine period should be a priority for the healthcare system.

Offering mental health first aid training and support can improve the mental health status of students and their family members.

AbstractIntroductionThe use of quarantine method has a significant impact on mental health status.AimThis study aimed to assess the levels of depression among bachelor and master university students (nurses/midwives) and their family members’ during the quarantine period of COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Vlora University, Albania. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) was used. Institutional e‐mails of all active students were used for their recruitment.ResultsIn total, 863 students and 249 family members participated in the study. The mean PHQ‐9 score was 6.220 (SD = 5.803) and 6.280 (SD = 5.857) for students and family members, respectively. Being unsatisfied with COVID‐19 prevention measures, beliefs that COVID‐19 infection and quarantine process can cause problems on their health status were the key factors for students to be screened positive for mental problems in multiple regression analysis. For parents, the last two factors were found to contribute significantly.DiscussionOur findings indicate that quarantine measures have a significant impact on the levels of depression among both university students and their family members. Broader population studies are necessary to safeguard these results.Implications for PracticeProvision of mental health services during the quarantine period is of paramount significance. Mental health first aid training and support could benefit both students and their parents significantly. Additionally, follow‐up services after the end of quarantine are recommended.
Barriers and facilitators to growth monitoring and promotion in Nepal: Household, health worker and female community health volunteer perceptions
Authors: Pollifrone Madeline M. , Cunningham Kenda , Pandey Rana Pooja , Philbin Morgan M. , Manandhar Shraddha , Lamsal Krishna P. , Mandal Raj Nandan , Deuja Vikash 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGrowth monitoring and promotion (GMP) is both a service for diagnosing inadequate child growth in its earliest stages and a delivery platform for nutrition counselling. The widespread use of GMP services in developing countries has the potential to substantially reduce persistent child undernutrition through early diagnosis and by linking caregivers and their children to key health and nutrition services. However, researchers have questioned the effectiveness of GMP services, which are frequently undermined by underdeveloped health systems and inconsistent implementation. This analysis examined both supply‐ and demand‐side factors for GMP utility in Nepal from the perspectives of beneficiaries and service providers, particularly focusing on three components of GMP: growth assessment, analysis of growth status and counselling. The most common factors influencing GMP uptake included beneficiaries' perceptions of the relative importance of GMP and the knowledge and skill of frontline workers. Both providers and beneficiaries viewed GMP as a secondary health and nutrition activity and therefore less important than curative services. We found deficits in GMP‐related knowledge and skills among providers (i.e. health workers and female community health volunteers), as well as indications of poor training quality and coverage. Furthermore, we found variation in GMP utilization by maternal age, education and residency (alone, nuclear or extended), as well as household socio‐economic well‐being and rurality. This study is the first to assess factors influencing both beneficiaries and service providers for GMP utilization. Further research is needed to explore the implementation of improved GMP protocols and to evaluate facility‐level implementation barriers.
Natural variation in meiotic recombination rate shapes introgression patterns in intraspecific hybrids between wild and domesticated barley
Authors: Dreissig Steven , Maurer Andreas , Sharma Rajiv , Milne Linda , Flavell Andrew John , Schmutzer Thomas , Pillen Klaus 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Meiotic recombination rates vary considerably between species, populations and individuals. The genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes plays a major role in evolution by breaking linkage between advantageous and deleterious alleles in the case of introgressions. Identifying recombination rate modifiers is thus of both fundamental and practical interest to understand and utilize variation in meiotic recombination rates.

We investigated recombination rate variation in a large intraspecific hybrid population (named HEB‐25) derived from a cross between domesticated barley and 25 wild barley accessions.

We observed quantitative variation in total crossover number with a maximum of a 1.4‐fold difference between subpopulations and increased recombination rates across pericentromeric regions. The meiosis‐specific α‐kleisin cohesin subunit REC8 was identified as a candidate gene influencing crossover number and patterning. Furthermore, we quantified wild barley introgression patterns and revealed how local and genome‐wide recombination rate variation shapes patterns of introgression.

The identification of allelic variation in REC8 in combination with the observed changes in crossover patterning suggest a difference in how chromatin loops are tethered to the chromosome axis, resulting in reduced crossover suppression across pericentromeric regions. Local and genome‐wide recombination rate variation is shaping patterns of introgressions and thereby directly influences the consequences of linkage drag.
Function of gold nanoparticles in oral cancer beyond drug delivery: Implications in cell apoptosis
Authors: Essawy Marwa M. , El‐Sheikh Sahar M. , Raslan Hanaa S. , Ramadan Heba S. , Kang Bin , Talaat Iman M. , Afifi Marwa M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used to deliver drugs and therapeutic small molecule inhibitors to cancer cells. Evidence shows that AuNPs coated with nuclear localization sequence can cross the nuclear membrane and induce cellular apoptosis. To determine the therapeutic role of AuNPs, we compared two nanoconstructs conjugated to doxorubicin (DOX) through pH‐sensitive and pH‐resistant linkers.Materials and MethodsWe tested DOX nanoconjugates' cytotoxicity, cellular and nuclear uptake in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of pH‐sensitive and pH‐resistant DOX bioconjugates in hamster buccal pouch carcinoma model.ResultsOur data indicate that pH‐resistant and pH‐sensitive DOX‐nanoconjugates were equally localized in cancer cells, but the pH‐resistant DOX nanoparticles were more localized in the nuclei inducing a 2‐fold increase in the apoptotic effect compared with the pH‐sensitive DOX nanoparticles. Our in vivo results show significantly higher tumor shrinkage and survival rates in animals treated with DOX pH‐resistant AuNPs compared with pH‐sensitive ones.ConclusionOur findings suggest that AuNPs enhance the cytotoxic effect against cancer cells in addition to acting as drug carriers. DOX pH‐resistant AuNPs enhanced accumulation of AuNPs in cancer cells’ nuclei inducing a significant cellular apoptosis which was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo experiments without deleterious effects on blood cell count.
Cross system autonomic balance and regulation: Associations with depression and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Stone Lindsey B. , McCormack Caitlyn C. , Bylsma Lauren M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) has demonstrated utility for identifying alterations in emotion processing associated with common psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. To date though the majority of this ANS research has several limitations. Most studies have examined parasympathetic and sympathetic branches separately, requiring activity in the other branch be inferred. This is problematic as each branch may function independently. Composite indices such as cardiac autonomic balance (CAB) and cardiac autonomic regulation (CAR) which examine the relative input between respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and pre‐ejection period (PEP) should provide more comprehensive measures of autonomic functioning and thus stronger predictors of psychopathology. However, the sympathetic branch is driven by multiple neurotransmitter systems, thus PEP does not necessarily reflect overall SNS arousal. We propose two new metrics for assessing ANS functioning associated with psychopathology: parasympathetic effects on cardiac control (RSA) relative to sympathetic effects on the eccrine system (electrodermal activity, EDA), which we term cross‐system autonomic balance (CSAB) and regulation (CSAR). Eighty‐five women (18–37) completed a baseline physiological assessment with parasympathetic (RSA) and sympathetic indices (PEP, EDA), along with self‐reported depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lower CSAB, indicating sympathetic dominance driven by cholinergic neurotransmission, was associated with higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Lower CAB indicating sympathetic dominance driven by beta‐adrenergic neurotransmission was associated specifically with depressive symptoms. CSAB was a more robust index than RSA. Results support the utility of assessing multiple composite ANS indices for identifying physiological substrates of alterations in emotion regulation associated with internalizing disorders.
Trends in aquaculture and conservation of sturgeons: a review of molecular and cytogenetic tools
Authors: Chandra Gyan , Fopp‐Bayat Dorota 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSturgeons are the most primitive, endangered groups of vertebrates on the planet and often referred to as ‘living fossils’. Their natural populations are decreasing due to habitat destruction, blockage of spawning migration, pollution and overexploitation for their expensive black caviar and boneless meat. Currently, existing populations have little chance to survive without artificial breeding and sustainable ranching programmes. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) is regulating international trade of all Acipenseriformes and their products for effective conservation. The aim of this review paper was to describe the main innovative applications in sturgeon aquaculture and conservation, such as genome engineering techniques applied in sturgeon’s reproduction, molecular and ploidy analyses of embryo and larvae, sex determination, genome sequencing, gene expression analysis and genome transplantations. Further research is required to improve cryopreservation techniques, embryo banking and quick identification of disease in sturgeon aquaculture and conservation programme.
Same, same, but different! Qualitative evidence on how algorithmic selection applications govern different life domains
Authors: Festic Noemi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe term algorithmic governance describes institutional steering effects of algorithmic‐selection applications that increasingly pervade all domains of everyday life. Empirical evidence on algorithmic governance is lacking and mostly limited to information services. This article compares the significance of algorithmic governance – measured by use, subjective significance, awareness, risk awareness, and coping practices – for four pivotal life domains (information, recreation, commercial transactions, and socializing). Drawing on qualitative, semi‐structured interviews with Internet users, this article reveals important nuances in how differently users engage with algorithmic‐selection applications across life domains and functional types like search or recommendation. While awareness of algorithmic selection and related risks is comparatively higher for information services, the findings reveal a significant lack of knowledge for algorithmic selection in other life domains and for specific algorithmic modes of operation. This article provides input for an evidence‐based development of suitable regulation of algorithmic‐selection applications, taking everyday practices of their users into account.
Preoperative staging of the mediastinum is an essential and multidisciplinary task
Authors: Sanz‐Santos José , Call Sergi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTMediastinal staging is a crucial step in the management of patients with NSCLC. With the recent development of novel techniques, mediastinal staging has evolved from an activity of interest mainly for thoracic surgeons to a joint effort carried out by many specialists. In this regard, the debate of cases in MDT sessions is crucial for optimal management of patients. Current evidence‐based clinical guidelines for preoperative NSCLC staging recommend that mediastinal staging should be performed with increasing invasiveness. Image‐based techniques are the first approach, although they have limited accuracy and findings must be confirmed by pathology in almost all cases. In this setting, the advent of radiomics is promising. Invasive staging depends on procedural factors rather than diagnostic performance. The choice between endoscopy‐based or surgical procedures should depend on the local expertise of each centre. As the extension of mediastinal disease in terms of number of involved lymph nodes and nodal stations affects prognosis and the choice of treatment, systematic samplings are preferred over random targeted samplings. Following this approach, a diagnosis of single mediastinal nodal involvement can be unreliable if all reachable mediastinal nodal stations have not been assessed. The performance of confirmatory mediastinoscopy after a negative endoscopy‐based procedure is controversial but currently recommended. Current indications of invasive staging in patients with radiologically normal mediastinum have to be re‐evaluated, especially for central tumour location.
<p class="Body"><strong>Eriophyoid mites (Acariformes) from wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants from Brazil⁠—new taxa, supplementary descriptions, a first report and new host plants of the tomato russet mite</strong></p>
Authors: Duarte Mércia Elias , De Mendonça Renata Santos , Navia Denise 
Published: July 2020

The results of a survey of Eriophyoidea mites on wild and cultivated Solanaceae plants in Central Brazil are presented. Five new taxa associated with plants in the genus Solanum are described and illustrated. They include one new genus with type species belonging to Phyllocoptinae, Calacarini - Viginticus lupusmalum gen. nov. & sp. nov.; two new species in the Eriophyinae, Aceriini - Aceria solani sp. nov. and Paraphytoptus tuberacutus sp. nov., all of them associated with Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil.; and one new species in the Phyllocoptinae, Athocoptini - Aculus michereffi sp. nov., associated with Solanum acanthodes Hook.. New host plants for the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici (Tryon 1917), are reported. In addition, the first record of Calacarus speciosissimum Flechtmann, 1999 for Brazil and from Capsicum as host plants, and the first record of Rhynacus lippius Duarte, Chetverikov & Navia, 2016, on solanaceous plants are presented; supplementary descriptions of these species were elaborated. Diagnostic traits for Calacarus mites collected on Solanaceae plants around the world are summarized.