bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polyborosiloxane Binder for Silicon Battery Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shariaty Darius Allen , Odom Susan A , Cheng Yang-Tse , Casselman Matthew D 
Published: February 2020

Harnessing silicon (Si) as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries offers the possibility of a nearly ten-fold capacity increase over traditional graphite anodes. However, the 300% volume expansion and contraction upon charging and discharging hinders its practical use due to a significant loss in capacity with cycling. Unique geometric arrangements of Si particles, as well as modifications of polymer binder, have resulted in advances in capacity retention over time, but many modifications are cost-prohibitive for producing a commercially viable electrode. Our strategy to minimize the loss in capacity retention of this high-capacity anode material involves the utilization of a viscoelastic cross-linked polysiloxane polymer binders. This presentation will discuss the mechanical properties and cycling characteristics of the electrodes prepared with this binder and comparable polymers. A highlight of our progress is a retention of charge capacity over >100 cycles. In addition to the retention of capacity, we highlight the low cost and simple synthesis of this polymer binder.
Modeling and Electrochemical Characterization of a LiFePO6 / Activated Carbon Electrode for the Construction of a Hybrid Electrochemical Device with High Density of Energy and Power
Authors: Ramírez Tangarife Luis Adrián , Sanchez Saenz Carlos Ignacio , Roncancio Gomez Robin Alejandro 
Published: February 2020

The lithium-ion batteries are a promising technology for be to use how energy sources for hybrid and electrical vehicles. Those batteries have the highest energy density among the secondary batteries for mobile applications.
However, their power density is not enough for to satisfy the requirements of the electrical vehicles. For this reason, it is proposed the construction of a hybrid electrochemical device using a lithium battery and an electrochemical capacitor.
The hybrid electrochemical device combines the features of the devices used for his construction, in this case, the high power density of the electrochemical capacitor and the high energy density of the lithium battery by which this hybrid device is ideal for electrical vehicles.
The hybridization consists in to combine the material of battery electrode and the capacitor electrode in a new hybrid electrode.
In this work, the hybrid electrode is the combination of LiFePO6 whit high surface area carbon and a metallic current collector. The LiFePO6 was synthesized by a hydrothermal process using how precursor compound lithium hydroxide. The lithium compound was characterized using SEM and XRD.
Additionally, an electrochemical model was proposed for to predict the behavior and performance of hybrid electrode of LiFePO6/Carbon and the hybrid device constructed with this electrode. This one dimensional model has been based in the transport phenomena, porous electrode theory, double lawyer theory and the electrochemical kinetics.
The setting of experimental parameters of model was carried out through the electrochemical characterization of LiFePO6 using cyclic voltammetry, EIS, and stationary technics.
The model was validated at small scale in the laboratory using only the hybrid electrode.
A Link Between Lithium Diffusivity, Interplane Distance and Ni Redox State in Ni-Rich Ncm
Authors: Kondrakov Aleksandr O. , Berkes Balázs B. , Geßwein Holger , Sommer Heino , Brezesinski Torsten , Janek Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

Both enhanced Li diffusivity and high discharge capacities make Ni-rich LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM) cathodes attractive for application in high energy density Li-ion batteries with good power [1]. However, further improvement in power density requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the Li diffusion kinetics. Here, we investigate changes in Li diffusion coefficient (D
Li) during charging of NCM/Li cells and link the evolution of D
Li to the atomic structure and material resistivity.
Results from galvanostatic intermittent titration technique show that Li diffusivity in NCM cathodes evolves non-monotonically during charge and discharge. The most significant changes are observed in the potential range from 3.6 to 4.0 V with respect to Li/Li+. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggests that the lithium intercalation kinetics is primarily controlled by the charge transfer resistance at the cathode/electrolyte interface, while in operando X-ray diffraction indicates that the spacing along the c-axis increases, which we attribute to an increase of the repulsion between the oxygen slabs in the absence of screening Li. Furthermore, we observe a drastic decrease in the interplane spacing between 4.0 and 4.3 V, and a gradual decrease of the in-plane spacing (a,b-axis) during Li-deintercalation. The latter indicates shortage of the O-Me bonds with oxidation of Ni. Overall, our research data demonstrate that Li diffusion in Ni-rich LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 is strongly controlled by the interplane spacing of the host structure, and the overall kinetics appears to be limited by high interfacial charge transfer resistance at the beginning of charge.
References
[1] Wei, Y.; Zheng, J.; Cui, S.; Song, X.; Su, Y.; Deng, W.; Wu, Z.; Wang, X.; Wang, W.; Rao, M.; Lin, Y.; Wang, C.; Amine, K. & Pan, F. Kinetics Tuning of Li-Ion Diffusion in Layered Li(NixMnyCoz)O2, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137, 8364-8367.
Simple Hydrothermal Preparation of High Performance LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/C Nano-Particle Cathode Materials
Authors: Li Jiangang , Yao Qiong , Wang Liyuan , He Xiangming , Wang Li 
Published: February 2020

Olivine LiFePO4 has been widely used as cathode material in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV) due to high safety and long life. Its main drawback is low voltage plateau (3.5V). Recently, studies of LiMnPO4 have been paid more attention because it possesses the same structure and theoretical capacity as LiFePO4, but higher voltage plateau (4.1V). However, the poor conductivity limits its uses. Some modification methods such as ion-doping, carbon coating etc. have been investigated to improve its electrochemical properties, and the results in many papers indicated that LiMn1-xFexPO4/C (x=0.2~0.5) nano-particle composite cathode materials prepared by hydrothermal method can present promising electrochemical performance. For such method, how to use simple process to achieve LiMn1-xFexPO4/C nano-particles with high crystallization and dispersion is an important issue to be solved urgently at present.
In this work, a simple and high effective hydrothermal preparation process for LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/C was proposed. In such process, the synthesis and carbon coating of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 was completed in one-step. The structural and electrochemical properties of as-prepared materials were studied by using XRD, SEM, electrochemical impedance and charge-discharge tests technologies. The carbon sources and surfactant added in the process were optimized.
The results show that when using CTAB as surfactant and glucose as carbon source, one-step process make LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/C obtain more uniform coated carbon, more controlled crystal particle growth and dispersion, more excellent electrochemical performance while compared with two-step process including hydrothermal synthesis followed by carbon-coating process. CTAB content exhibits little effect on crystal lattice parameters, structure and coated-carbon amounts of as-prepared materials. However, it displays great impact on the crystal particle size, carbon coating uniformity and particle dispersion. With gradual increase of CTAB content to 2.5g (in 40ml reaction liquid), as-prepared samples show an improved carbon coating uniformity, elevated Li+ diffusion coefficient, reduced electric charge transfer resistance, and remarkable enhanced capacity, rate capability and energy density. It presents a capacity of 143.5 mAh/g at 0.5C and 112.6 mAh/g at 5C, respectively. It is also noticeable that the sample exhibits an energy density of 499.3Wh/kg, 457.8Wh/kg and 349.7Wh/kg at 1C, 2C and 5C rate respectively. In addition, other surfactants that can also be used as carbon sources at the same time were also investigated, and it is found that some surfactant can substitute for CTAB+glucose to further simplify process and lower cost.
Developing a Cheap and Accessible Electrochemical Cell for Operando Neutron Diffraction Investigations of Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Brant William Robert , Roberts Matthew , Edström Kristina , Gustafsson Torbjörn 
Published: February 2020

While the interest and frequency of performing operando neutron diffraction experiments for lithium ion batteries has increased significantly over the past few years, it is still not nearly as popular as operandoX-ray diffraction. A major contributor to this is the high difficulty of constructing an electrochemical cell which balances both electrochemical performance, quality of the obtained diffraction pattern and cost of construction. Up until now most work has been performed on, often complex, custom cells built to target a specific feature such as, fast cycling at the cost of data quality or data quality with high material loading [1-3]. What if, however, a complicated cell was not required? What if commonly used commercial cells could be adapted to obtain a high quality diffraction pattern with minimal effort?
By taking inspiration from operando X-ray diffraction cells based on modified coin cells, we have modified a coin cell to be used for operandoneutron diffraction experiments. The modified cells contain a large quantity of active material (~300-400 mg) to a much smaller quantity of electrolyte (~10-50 μL), separator and lithium metal. The smaller quantity of electrolyte is particularly important as it significantly reduces the cost of the experiment if deuterated electrolyte is employed. Further, despite the large quantity of sample, the cells exhibited favourable electrochemistry when cycled at C/10. Using this cell high quality diffraction data could be obtained (Figure 1).
This contribution will therefore focus on the diffraction results that can be obtained from such a cell by comparing to earlier wound cells. It is anticipated that such a cell design will make neutron diffraction accessible to more research groups and also presents a viable cell design for operandostudies of sodium ion cells.
[1] N. Sharma, X. Guo, G. Du, Z. Guo, J. Wang, Z. Wang, and V. K. Peterson. J. Am. Chem. Soc.134 (2012), 7867
[2] M. Roberts, J. J. Biendicho, S. Hull, P. Beran, T. Gustafsson, G. Svensson and K. Edström. J. Power Sources 226 (2013), 249.
[3] M. Bianchini, J.B. Leriche, J.L. Laborier, L. Gendrin, E. Suard, L. Croguennec, C. Masquelier, J. Electrochem, Soc., 160 (2013) A2176.

Figure 1
Low Dimensional Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Meicheng 
Published: February 2020

Along with social progress, the popularity of portable electronic products, the development of new energy such as solar energy and wind energy technology, and the utilization of hybrid electric and electric vehicles all rely heavily on high-performance energy storage devices. Lithium ion batteries are promising storage devices to satisfy these needs due to their advantages of high open circuit voltage, large energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect, less pollution and small self-discharge rate. In fact, the capabilities of electrodes materials show significant effects on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Nanostructured materials possess reduced sizes, enlarged surfaces, increased boundaries and gaps, which could lead to improved diffusion kinetics, more ion insert channels and release strain for volume changes compared to normal bulk materials. As electrode materials for lithium batteries, nanostructured materials could offer high reversible capacity, fine rate performance and good cycling stability. In this talk, we introduce the design and synthesis of several nanostructured materials, including MoS2-based nanocomposite, NiO porous nanostructure,Hierarchical TiO2 microstructure, and Zn2GeO4/g-C3N4 hybrids, discuss their application for lithium-ion batteries.

Reference

Lihua Chu, Meicheng Li, ZiPei Wan, Lei Ding, Dandan Song, Shangyi Dou, Jiewei Chen and Yu Wang. Morphology control and fabrication of multi-shelled NiO spheres by tuning pH value via hydrothermal process.
CrystEngComm
, 2014, 16, 11096

Xiaodan Li, Wei Li, Meicheng Li,* Peng Cui, Dehong Chen, Thomas Gengenbach, Huiyuan Liu, and Guangsheng Song. Glucose-assisted synthesis of the hierarchical TiO2 nanowires @ MoS2 nanosheets nanocomposite and its synergistic lithium storage performance.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
, 2015, 3:2762-2769

Lihua Chu, Meicheng Li*, Xiaodan Li, Yu Wang, Zipei Wan, Shangyi Dou, Dandan Song, Yingfeng Li and Bing Jiang. High performance NiO microsphere anode assembled from porous nanosheets for lithium-ion batteries.
RSC Advances
, 2015, 5, 49765 - 49770,

Peng Cui, Bixia Xie, Xiaodan Li, Meicheng Li,* Yaoyao Li, Yu Wang, Zhuohai Liu, Xin Liu, Jing Huang, Dandan Song, Joseph Michel Mbengue. Anatase/TiO2-B hybrid microspheres constructed by ultrathin nanosheets: facile synthesis and application for fast lithium ion storage.
CrystEngComm
, 2015, 17:7930-7937

Xiaodan Li, Yi Feng, Meicheng Li* , Wei Li, Hao Wei, and Dandan Song. Smart Hybrids of Zn2GeO4 Nanoparticles and Ultrathin g-C3N4 Layers: Synergistic Lithium Storage and Excellent Electrochemical Performance.
Advanced Functional Materials.
2015, 25(44): 6858-6866
Synthesis of Li9V3 (P2O7)3(PO4)2 and Electrochemical Investigation As High Voltage Cathode
Authors: Balasubramanian Prasanth , Mancini Marilena , Axmann Peter , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret 
Published: February 2020

Recently, a layered lithium vanadium monodiphosphate Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2[LVPP] has been proposed as a promising cathode material for Li-ion batteries [1, 2, and 3]. Theoretically, extraction of maximum 6 Li ions per formula unit is possible [1, 3]. Thus a theoretical capacity of 173mAhg-1 is achievable through complete oxidation of vanadium from its initial 3+ to 5+ state. Synthesis routes so far reported in literature require either H2rich atmosphere during calcination or use expensive precursors that are air, moisture sensitive.
Herein we report a low cost and easy two-step solid state synthesis approach to obtain pure LVPP. A systematic study has been carried out to investigate the influence of crystallite size, carbon coating and working potential window on the specific discharge capacity of Li9V3(P2O7)3(PO4)2 and is discussed. LVPP, with crystallite size of 40nm and 4% carbon content facilitates the extraction of nearly 5 Li+ ions during the first charge cycle between 2.0-4.8V. Highly reversible specific discharge capacity of 115mAhg-1 could be achieved in the same potential window. When the upper cut-off potential was reduced to 4.6V, a discharge capacity of 75mAhg-1is obtained at charge /discharge rate of 1C.
This contribution presents a facile route to obtain a polyanionic framework material that utilizes more than one electron per transition metal. A much needed boost in capacity with improved cycling stability and rate capability can be achieved with proper tuning of the crystallite size and conductivity.
REFERENCES:
1) Q.Kuang, J.Xu, Y. Zhao, X.Chen, L.Chen ElectrochimicaActa 56 (2011) 2201–2205
2) M. Onoda And M. Inagaki Journal Of The Physical Society Of Japan 80 (2011) 084801
3) A. Jain, G. Hautier, C. Moore, B. Kang, J. Lee, H. Chen, N. Twu, and G. Ceder Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 159 (5) (2012) A622-A633
ACKNOWLEDMENTS: This work was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the project Li-EcoSafe (03X4636A).

Figure 1
Improved Rate Capability By Dynamic Crystal Structure Change of Co-Substituted LiFePO4 with Reduced Lattice Mismatch
Authors: Yoshinari Takahiro , Orikasa Yuki , Mori Takuya , Nishijima Motoaki , Ohira Koji , Esaki Shogo , Sueki Toshitsugu , Ootani Takuya , Kamimura Yuuichi , Ohara Koji , Fukuda Katsutoshi , Uchimoto Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2020

For the practical use of Lithium-ion battery in electric vehicles, the rate capability should be more improved. Although LiFePO4 is wildly known as the high power cathode materials, the large mismatch between LiFePO4 and FePO4 might still disturb the further improvement of the rate capability. Because the huge volume change during the phase transition require the large activation energy, the suppression of the crystal structure change is one of attracted design principle for cathode materials. Recently, Nishijima et al have reported that Zr-substitution in LiFePO4 eliminates the volume change between LiFePO4 and FePO4 and the cyclability of the doped LiFePO4 is drastically improved[1]. In this study, we investigate the rate capability of the Zr-dopoed LiFePO4. Moreover the phase transition behavior is examined by using operando X-ray diffraction measurements.
LiFePO4, called hereafter undoped LFP, and Li(Fe0.95Zr0.05)(P0.9Si0.1)O4, called Zr-doped LFP, were synthesized by the solid solution method in the same manner as reported[1]. The crystal structure of the prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which were performed at beamline BL02B2, SPring-8 with a wavelength of 0. 699292(4) Å using a Debye-Scherrer camera and an imaging plate detector. The electrodes for the electrochemical tests were prepared by mixing 80% active material, 10% carbon black, and 10% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone solvent. The slurry was then casted onto an Al foil current collector. 1 M LiPF6 in a 3:7 volume ratio of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) was used as the electrolyte. Li foil was used as a counter electrode. operando time-resolved XRD measurements were performed at SPring-8 with a wavelength of 0.619862(2) Å using a 1D detector, Mythen.
All the peaks of XRD pattern of the both prepared powder samples are indexed to orthorhombic Pnma space group and any impurity is not observed. The calculated lattice volume of Zr-doped LFP is almost similar to that of undoped LFP. SEM measurements indicate that the particle size of both undoped LFP and Zr-doped LFP is approximately 100 nm. The rate capability of Zr-doped LFP is improved compared with undoped LFP. At 10 C rate, 110 mAh/g is still acquired in Zr-doped LFP, while the capacity of undoped LFP is decreased to 90 mAh/g. The polarization of the discharge profile is also suppressed by Zr substitution. Operando time-resolved XRD measurements reveal that the expansion of solid solution reaction of LiFePO4 and FePO4end-members in nonequilibrium condition.

REFERENCES

[1] Nishijima, M.; Ootani, T.; Kamimura, Y.; Sueki, T.; Esaki, S.; Murai, S.; Fujita, K.; Tanaka, K.; Ohira, K.; Koyama, Y.; Tanaka, I., Nat. Commun.
5, 4553 (2014).
Probing the Aging Effects on Nanomechanical Properties of a Thin Film LiFePO4 Cathode
Authors: Demirocak Dervis Emre , Bhushan Bharat 
Published: February 2020

Despite widespread usage of Li-ion batteries in portable electronics, large scale utilization of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles and grid-level energy storage is only possible if cost, safety, energy density, specific power and cycle life of Li-ion batteries are further improved. Enhancing the cycle life is especially critical for wider market penetration of Li-ion batteries which requires detailed understanding of the degradation mechanisms. The interplay between various battery subcomponents such as cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte and current collector determines the degradation mechanisms of Li-ion batteries that can have both chemical and mechanical origins that are closely interrelated. Chemical degradation mechanisms such as solid electrolyte interphase formation and electrolyte decomposition have been studied extensively; however, mechanical degradation mechanisms attracted less attention. Mechanical degradation is associated with the volume changes and stress generated during Li de-/intercalation in an active material which can result in formation of cracks, delamination and isolation of the active particles causing capacity and power losses.
Our previous work on composite LiFePO4 cathode by nanoindentation revealed that elastic modulus deteriorates by aging as well as shows spatial variation on the electrode surface [1]. Binder is the compliant component in a composite electrode; therefore, degradation in elastic modulus is associated with the binder not the active material. To determine the mechanical degradation in the active material, thin film LiFePO4 cathode (i.e., no binder or carbon coating/additive as in a composite electrode) was synthesized by physical vapor deposition, and employed in determining the changes in the mechanical properties of the active material due to aging. The preliminary AFM experiments on thin film LiFePO4 cathode showed significant changes in particle morphology and roughness upon cycling as shown in Fig. 1. On the other hand, mechanical properties of the thin film LiFePO4 did not show as significant deterioration as in a composite LiFePO4 cathode indicating mechanical degradation in binder is more problematic than the mechanical degradation in the active material.
References
[1] Demirocak, D.E., Bharat B., Probing the aging effects on nanomechanical properties of a LiFePO4 cathode in a large format prismatic cell, Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 280, 256-262.

Figure 1
Degradation Analysis of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Voltage Curves and Thermal Behaviors
Authors: Kato Hisashi , Kobayashi Takeshi , Shono Kumi , Ohno Yasutaka , Kobayashi Yo , Miyashiro Hajime , Mita Yuichi 
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Large scale Lithium-ion batteries are starting to be installed in the world to stabilize the voltage and frequency because variable powers such as photovoltaic and wind powers are installed for the electrical power systems. Life-time estimation is very important for maintenance of batteries and degradation analysis is developed to contribute to this estimation.
We have developed the degradation analysis of small size cells by using cell disassembly and reproduction of cells [1, 2]. Misalignment of the operational area of the positive and negative electrodes in the cell due to the lithium irreversible consumption at the anode mainly occurred in the degrade cells.
In this study, we investigate the degradation behavior of large size lithium-ion batteries with several ten Ah.

Experimental

30Ah class commercial cells were tested in this study. Galvanostatically cycle test were performed in the 10-90% SOC range during charge and discharge at 25, 35 and 45 degC. The other cells were charged up to 50%, 70% and 100% SOC at 25 degC and stored at 25, 35 and 45 degC. The test intervals are 80 and 120 cycle at cycle test and 15 and 20 days at storage one. Capacity test were performed in C/20 rate at 25degC among the cycle and starage test period. Temperature test was conducted using the original thermal insulator. Postmortem analysis were performed at cycled and SOC 50% aged sells at 45degC. These cells were disassembled in an Ar globe box and reassembled to coin cells. Capacity tests were performed in C/20 rate with half-cells and “Nico-ichi” cell with quasi-reference electrode.

Results and Discussion

The cells were analyzed by the results of the differential voltage versus capacity, dV/dQ vs. Q analysis using “Nico-ichi” coin cell and temperature measurement during charge and discharge using a quasi-adiabatic cell folder. It was observed that dV/dQ peaks and temperature peaks shifted with decreasing cell capacity as shown in Fig.1. The analysis of peak shifts has potentials to the non-destructive prediction of the cell life.

References

1. Y. Kobayashi, T. Kobayashi, K. Shono, Y. Ohno, Y. Mita and H. Miyashiro, J. Electrochem. Soc., 160 (2013) A1181 – A1186.
2. K. Shono, T. Kobayashi, M. Tabuchi, Y. Ohno, H. Miyashiro and Y. Kobayashi, J. Power Sources, 247 (2014) 1026 – 1032.

Figure 1