bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Four Black Deaths
Authors: Green Monica H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The Black Death, often called the largest pandemic in human history, is conventionally defined as the massive plague outbreak of 1346 to 1353 c.e. that struck the Black Sea and Mediterranean, extended into the Middle East, North Africa, and western Europe, and killed as much as half the total population of those regions. Yet genetic approaches to plague’s history have established that Yersinia pestis, the causative organism of plague, suddenly diverged in Central Asia at some point before the Black Death, splitting into four new branches—a divergence geneticists have called the “Big Bang.” Drawing on a “biological archive” of genetic evidence, I trace the bacterial descendants of the Big Bang proliferation, comparing that data to historical human activities in and around the area of plague’s emergence. The Mongols, whose empire emerged in 1206, unwittingly moved plague through Central Eurasia in the thirteenth, not the fourteenth, century. Grain shipments that the Mongols brought with them to several sieges, including the siege of Baghdad, were the most likely mechanism of transmission. The fourteenth century plague outbreaks represent local spillover events out of the new plague reservoirs seeded by the military campaigns of the thirteenth century.
Are Citizens Causally Responsible for Voting Outcomes?
Authors: Nick Christina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCan we hold citizens causally responsible for the outcomes of their voting decisions? They could stand in the causal relationship required for such responsibility either collectively or individually. Recent accounts ascribing responsibility to citizens have primarily taken the collective route because of a major obstacle to using an individualistic approach, namely, the problem of overdetermination: the actions of each citizen do not make an individual difference to, and therefore cannot be a cause of, the overall political outcome. I suggest, drawing on Parfit (1984) and Wright (1985), that we should allow for the idea that individuals can be causally responsible in virtue of making a difference to an outcome not only as an individual, but also as part of a set of agents. I conclude that we can therefore overcome the problem of overdetermination for the individualistic approach and that it merits further investigation.
Key residues influencing binding affinities of 2019-nCoV with ACE2 in different species
Authors: Fang Senbiao , Zheng Ruoqian , Lei Chuqi , Wang Jianxin , Zheng Ruiqing , Li Min 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an international public health emergency, which poses the most serious threat to the human health around the world. Accumulating evidences have shown that the new coronavirus could not only infect human beings, but also can infect other species which might result in the cross-species infections. In this research, 1056 ACE2 protein sequences are collected from the NCBI database, and 173 species with &gt;60% sequence identity compared with that of human beings are selected for further analysis. We find 14 polar residues forming the binding interface of ACE2/2019-nCoV-Spike complex play an important role in maintaining protein–protein stability. Among them, 8 polar residues at the same positions with that of human ACE2 are highly conserved, which ensure its basic binding affinity with the novel coronavirus. 5 of other 6 unconserved polar residues (positions at human ACE2: Q24, D30, K31, H34 and E35) are proved to have an effect on the binding patterns among species. We select 21 species keeping close contacts with human beings, construct their ACE2 three-dimensional structures by Homology Modeling method and calculate the binding free energies of their ACE2/2019-nCoV-Spike complexes. We find the ACE2 from all the 21 species possess the capabilities to bind with the novel coronavirus. Compared with the human beings, 8 species (cow, deer, cynomys, chimpanzee, monkey, sheep, dolphin and whale) present almost the same binding abilities, and 3 species (bat, pig and dog) show significant improvements in binding affinities. We hope this research could provide significant help for the future epidemic detection, drug and vaccine development and even the global eco-system protections.
Takotsubo syndrome after mitral valve surgery: a case report
Authors: Devesa Ana , Hernández-Estefanía Rafael , Tuñón José , Aceña Álvaro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo syndrome is a frequent entity; however, it has never been described after a mitral valve surgery.

Case summary
We present the case of a 79-year-old woman, with background of atrial fibrillation and a left atrial appendage closure device, who was admitted for elective mitral valve replacement, because of asymptomatic severe primary mitral regurgitation. Biologic mitral valve was implanted without incidences, but in the postoperative, she developed cardiogenic shock. Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed inverted T waves in precordial leads and an echocardiography showed severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with mid to distal diffuse hypokinesis, and better contractility in basal segments. Troponin levels were mildly elevated. With the suspicion of a postoperative acute coronary syndrome, a coronary angiography was performed and showed no significant coronary lesions. The haemodynamic situation was compromised for the next 48 h, in which vasoactive support and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation were implemented. After 48 h, the haemodynamic situation suddenly improved. The ECG was normalized, and a control echocardiogram showed partial recovery of the LV function with resolution of regional wall motion abnormalities. The patient could be discharged at 1 week. The clinical picture was interpreted as a stress cardiomyopathy after mitral valve surgery.

Discussion
Takotsubo syndrome is a threatening condition; complications in acute phase could lead to a fatal outcome. Mitral valve surgery has to be considered as a trigger for this entity, after excluding coronary involvement, specially of left circumflex artery.
Severe multivessel coronary artery spasm detected by computed tomography: a case report
Authors: Jin Cai De , Kim Moo Hyun , Jo Su-A , Lim Kyunghee 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac arrest caused by multivessel coronary artery spasm (CAS) is rare. Although coronary angiography (CAG) with provocation testing is the diagnostic gold standard in current vasospastic angina guidelines, it can cause severe procedure-related complications. Here, we report a novel technique involving dual-acquisition coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to detect multivessel CAS in a patient who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Case summary
A 58-year-old healthy Korean male survived OHCA caused by ventricular fibrillation (VF), experiencing seven episodes of defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and was referred to the Emergency Room. Vital signs were stable and physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest, and brain CT did not show any abnormal findings, except elevated hs-Troponin I levels (0.1146 ng/mL). Echocardiogram revealed a regional wall motion abnormality in the inferior wall, with a low normal left ventricular ejection fraction (50%). A multivessel CAS (both left and right) was detected using a dual-acquisition CCTA technique (presence and absence of intravenous nitrate). During CAG with the 2nd injection of ergonovine, a prolonged and refractory total occlusion in the proximal-ostial right coronary artery was completely relieved after a seven-cycle intracoronary injection regimen of nitroglycerine. The patient was discharged with the recommendation of smoking and alcohol cessation. Nitrate and calcium channel blockers were also prescribed. The patient had no further events at 3 months of follow-up after discharge.

Discussion
Dual-acquisition CCTA is a promising tool to detect multivessel CAS.
Bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in children under 5 years of age with Kawasaki disease: a case series
Authors: Shimahara Yusuke , Fukushima Satsuki , Tadokoro Naoki , Tsuda Etsuko , Hoashi Takaya , Kitamura Soichiro , Kobayashi Junjiro , Fujita Tomoyuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Although persistent coronary artery aneurysm of Kawasaki disease (KD) is rare, some patients develop a life-threatening myocardial infarction. In paediatric coronary artery bypass surgery (PCABS), the internal thoracic artery (ITA) graft is a reliable graft with favourable coronary outcomes. However, few studies have reported the outcomes and technical considerations of PCABS using bilateral ITAs in small children who have multivessel disease.

Case summary
We present the cases of three children under 5 years of age who underwent PCABS utilizing bilateral ITAs. All three patients had known bilateral giant coronary aneurysms associated with KD. Paediatric coronary artery bypass surgery was indicated after confirming multiple coronary lesions with myocardial ischaemia. One child underwent emergency PCABS because of circulatory collapse. The arterial anastomoses were performed under cardioplegic arrest. The left ITA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) or the circumflex artery. The right ITA was anastomosed to the right coronary artery or the LAD. Post-operative coronary angiography revealed patent bilateral ITA grafts with an excellent run-off in all patients, and none of them have suffered any subsequent coronary event.

Discussion
Bilateral ITA grafting is a feasible procedure with favourable coronary outcomes for treating small children with multivessel disease, even in the setting of circulatory collapse.
Type A acute aortic dissection with ≥40-mm aortic root: results of conservative and replacement strategies at long-term follow-up
Authors: Vendramin Igor , Lechiancole Andrea , Piani Daniela , Deroma Laura , Tullio Annarita , Sponga Sandro , Milano Aldo D , Onorati Francesco , Bortolotti Uberto , Livi Ugolino 
Published: November 2020

Abstract OBJECTIVESWe evaluated the long-term results of aortic root (AR) preservation and replacement in patients operated on for acute type A aortic dissection.METHODSOut of 302 patients discharged after repair of acute aortic dissection (1977–2019), 124 patients had an AR ≥40 mm, which was preserved in 84 (68%, group A) patients and replaced in 40 (32%, group B) patients. Group B patients were younger (mean age 57 ± 12 vs 62 ± 11 years, P = 0.07), with a mean AR of 47 vs 43 mm and ≥moderate aortic insufficiency in 65% vs 30%. Survival, causes of death and reoperations were analysed at mean follow-up of 9 ± 8 years (6 months to 40 years).RESULTSActuarial survival of discharged patients at 5, 10 and 15 years was 97% (0.89–0.99), 78% (0.67–0.90) and 75% (0.64–0.88) in group A, and 85% (0.71–0.95), 62% (0.44–0.78) and 57% (0.39–0.76) in group B (log-rank test P = 0.2). Nine patients in group A (7 patients for aortic insufficiency and dilatation of the root and 2 patients for pseudoaneurysm) and 1 patient of group B (pseudoaneurysm of the right coronary button) required proximal reoperation without deaths. At 5, 10 and 15 years, the cumulative incidence of proximal aortic reoperations was 5%, 9% and 25% in group A, and 0%, 3% and 3% in group B (P = 0.02). At multivariable analysis AR &gt;45 mm [hazard ratio (HR) 6.8, P = 0.026] and age (HR 0.9, P = 0.016) were independently associated with proximal reoperation.CONCLUSIONSAR preservation in acute type A dissection showed acceptable long-term outcomes. Nevertheless, a more aggressive approach appears a valid option, especially in patients with AR diameter &gt;45 mm.
The evolution of cardiac resynchronization therapy and an introduction to conduction system pacing: a conceptual review
Authors: Herweg Bengt , Welter-Frost Allan , Vijayaraman Pugazhendhi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In chronic systolic heart failure and conduction system disease, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is the only known non-pharmacologic heart failure therapy that improves cardiac function, functional capacity, and survival while decreasing cardiac workload and hospitalization rates. While conventional bi-ventricular pacing has been shown to benefit patients with heart failure and conduction system disease, there are limitations to its therapeutic success, resulting in widely variable clinical response. Limitations of conventional CRT evolve around myocardial scar, fibrosis, and inability to effectively simulate diseased tissue. Studies have shown endocardial stimulation in closer proximity to the specialized conduction system is more effective when compared with epicardial stimulation. Several observational and acute haemodynamic studies have demonstrated improved electrical resynchronization and echocardiographic response with conduction system pacing (CSP). Our objective is to provide a systematic review of the evolution of CRT, and an introduction to CSP as an intriguing, though experimental physiologic alternative to conventional CRT.
Accreditation in 2030
Authors: Nicklin Wendy , Engel Carsten , Stewart Jacqui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the rapid acceleration of changes being experienced throughout the world and in particular within health and health and social care, accreditation programmes must keep pace or go the way of the dinosaur. While accreditation has deep roots in some countries, in the past 30 years, it has spread to a considerably larger range of countries in a mix of mandatory and voluntary systems. Accreditation is a tool to improve the quality of healthcare and social care, and in particular, there is recent recognition of its value in low- and middle-income countries, with promotion by the World Health Organization (WHO). The challenge is that with the rapid pace of change, how does accreditation reframe and reposition itself to ensure relevance in 2030? Accreditation must adapt and be relevant in order to be sustainable. This article outlines the fundamental principles, reviews the global trends’ impact on accreditation and the challenges with the existing model and, through the lens of living in 2030, outlines how accreditation programmes will be structured and applied 10 years from now.
Verification of a pseudocryptic species in the commercially important tiger prawnPenaeus monodonFabricius, 1798 (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Chan Tin-Yam , Muchlisin Zainal Abidin , Hurzaid Amirah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA pseudocryptic form of the commercially important prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 from Aceh Province, Indonesia was recently named Penaeus acehensis Sektiana, Tahang, Andriyono, Alam & Kim, 2018 based solely on coloration, number of rostral teeth, and unspecified mitochondrial genome sequence differences from P. monodon and other species of Penaeus sensu lato. Penaeus acehensis, however, is unavailable on account of not fulfilling the numerous provisions of Articles 8 and 16 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Comparisons between the Aceh form and an extensive series of P. monodon from various Indo-West Pacific localities revealed that the former is morphologically distinct in having a relatively longer rostrum, shorter adrostral carina, and longer hepatic carina. Barcoding genetic analysis also supports the specific status of the Aceh form. By examining the types or topotypic material of all the synonyms in P. monodon, and selecting a lectotype for Penaeus caeruleus Stebbing, 1905 and neotypes for P. Manilensis de Procé, 1822 and P. durbani Stebbing, 1917, no available name is applicable to the Aceh species, which is named. The Aceh species is hereby named Penaeus simplex sp. nov. for its body lacking a banded color pattern, which is very characteristic compared to the closely related species, P. monodon.
Spontaneous bladder diverticulum rupture due to a squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder: a case report
Authors: Sahnoun Wajih , Ben Rhouma Sami , Kacem Aziz , Mrad Dali Khaireddine , Rekik Issam , Chelly Beya , Messaoudi Yosri , Ouanes Yassine , Sellami Ahmed , Nouira Yassine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While bladder rupture is most of the time secondary to external injury such as trauma or iatrogenic events, spontaneous bladder rupture (SBR) is a rare condition which is mostly associated with bladder cancer, neurologic bladder or radiotherapy. We report a case of a 63-year-old patient with an invasive squamous cell bladder carcinoma who presented acute peritonitis caused by a SBR while being prepared for radical surgery. CT-scan helped to confirm diagnosis and emergency cystectomy was performed. SBR should be considered in differential diagnosis of peritonitis. On time diagnosis and adequate surgery could improve its prognosis.
A synthetic Roman Space Telescope High-Latitude Imaging Survey: simulation suite and the impact of wavefront errors on weak gravitational lensing
Authors: Troxel M A , Long H , Hirata C M , Choi A , Jarvis M , Mandelbaum R , Wang K , Yamamoto M , Hemmati S , Capak P 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman) mission is expected to launch in the mid-2020s. Its weak lensing program is designed to enable unprecedented systematics control in photometric measurements, including shear recovery, point spread function (PSF) correction, and photometric calibration. This will enable exquisite weak lensing science and allow us to adjust to and reliably contribute to the cosmological landscape after the initial years of observations from other concurrent Stage IV dark energy experiments. This potential requires equally careful planning and requirements validation as the mission prepares to enter its construction phase. We present a suite of image simulations based on galsim that are used to construct a complex, synthetic Roman weak lensing survey that incorporates realistic input galaxies and stars, relevant detector non-idealities, and the current reference 5-yr Roman survey strategy. We present a first study to empirically validate the existing Roman weak lensing requirements flowdown using a suite of 12 matched image simulations, each representing a different perturbation to the wavefront or image motion model. These are chosen to induce a range of potential static and low- and high-frequency time-dependent PSF model errors. We analyse the measured shapes of galaxies from each of these simulations and compare them to a reference, fiducial simulation to infer the response of the shape measurement to each of these modes in the wavefront model. We then compare this to existing analytic flowdown requirements, and find general agreement between the empirically derived response and that predicted by the analytic model.
Influenza virus infection induces widespread alterations of host cell splicing
Authors: Ashraf Usama , Benoit-Pilven Clara , Navratil Vincent , Ligneau Cécile , Fournier Guillaume , Munier Sandie , Sismeiro Odile , Coppée Jean-Yves , Lacroix Vincent , Naffakh Nadia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) use diverse mechanisms to interfere with cellular gene expression. Although many RNA-seq studies have documented IAV-induced changes in host mRNA abundance, few were designed to allow an accurate quantification of changes in host mRNA splicing. Here, we show that IAV infection of human lung cells induces widespread alterations of cellular splicing, with an overall increase in exon inclusion and decrease in intron retention. Over half of the mRNAs that show differential splicing undergo no significant changes in abundance or in their 3′ end termination site, suggesting that IAVs can specifically manipulate cellular splicing. Among a randomly selected subset of 21 IAV-sensitive alternative splicing events, most are specific to IAV infection as they are not observed upon infection with VSV, induction of interferon expression or induction of an osmotic stress. Finally, the analysis of splicing changes in RED-depleted cells reveals a limited but significant overlap with the splicing changes in IAV-infected cells. This observation suggests that hijacking of RED by IAVs to promote splicing of the abundant viral NS1 mRNAs could partially divert RED from its target mRNAs. All our RNA-seq datasets and analyses are made accessible for browsing through a user-friendly Shiny interface (http://virhostnet.prabi.fr:3838/shinyapps/flu-splicing or https://github.com/cbenoitp/flu-splicing).
Infant feeding practices and later parent-reported feeding difficulties: a systematic review
Authors: Bąbik Katarzyna , Patro-Gołąb Bernadeta , Zalewski Bartłomiej M , Wojtyniak Katarzyna , Ostaszewski Paweł , Horvath Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Early feeding practices may influence the acceptance of new foods and contribute to the development of feeding difficulties later in childhood.

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the association of breastfeeding duration, timing of complementary feeding introduction, and feeding techniques with feeding difficulties or their subtypes, namely picky or fussy eating, food refusal, and food neophobia, in children older than 1 year of age.

Data Sources
Guidance from the Cochrane Collaboration and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination was followed. MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched up to December 2019. Additionally, references from included articles were screened.

Study Selection
Interventional and observational studies were eligible. Of the 3653 records obtained after the search strategy was applied, 21 observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional), many with important methodological limitations, and 1 randomized controlled trial were included.

Data Extraction
Three authors extracted data independently.

Results
Results were synthesized narratively. Twelve observational studies assessed the association of breastfeeding duration with parent-reported feeding difficulties. Longer duration of breastfeeding tended to be associated with fewer childhood feeding problems in the majority of studies, but the differences were often small and not significant. Eight observational studies that examined the timing of complementary feeding introduction in relation to parent-reported feeding difficulties showed inconsistent results. Baby-led weaning, as compared with spoon-feeding, was significantly associated with less fussiness at age 12 to 36 months in 1 of 5 studies.

Conclusions
This review showed no strong evidence to support the hypothesis that early feeding practices contribute significantly to specific parent-reported feeding difficulties in children older than 1 year of age. Additional methodologically rigorous studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration number CRD42018115792.