bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welche Qualität macht den Unterschied in der Cochlea-Implantat-Versorgung?
Authors: Stöver Timo , Leinung Martin , Loth Andreas 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Cochlea-Implantat (CI)-Versorgung hat seit ihrer Einführung eine
nicht zu erwartende Entwicklung und Verbreitung erfahren. Neben den
technischen Möglichkeiten hat sich auch die Indikationsstellung
deutlich gewandelt. Beispiele hierfür sind die Versorgung sehr
junger oder sehr alter Menschen, die bilaterale Versorgung oder auch die
Nutzung des Restgehörs für eine kombiniert
elektrisch-akustische Stimulation (EAS). Diese Entwicklung ist weiterhin
sehr dynamisch und bietet enorme Möglichkeiten für die
Hörrehabilitation betroffener Patienten. Sie stellt aber
gleichzeitig auch erhebliche Ansprüche an die Sicherstellung einer
qualitativ am Optimum orientierten Versorgung der Leistungserbringer. In den
letzten Jahren hat eine intensive Diskussion stattgefunden, die die
Zielsetzung hatte, Qualitätsparameter zu definieren, die als
Eckpunkte einer CI-Versorgung dienen sollten. Diese orientierten sich
zunächst an der Beschreibung eines festgelegten Ablaufs einer
CI-Versorgung und damit an den Teilaspekten einer Prozess-, Struktur- und
Ergebnisqualität zur Qualitätssicherung. Praktische
Umsetzung erfuhren diese Erwägungen u. a. in dem
„Weißbuch CI-Versorgung“ und dem Konzept eines
„Nationalen CI-Registers“ der DGHNO-KHC. Neben einer
inhaltlich orientierten, innerhalb der Fachgesellschaft DGNHNO-KHC
geführten Diskussion, zeigen inzwischen auch Kostenträger
Ansätze, auf den Prozess einer CI-Versorgung Einfluss zu nehmen
(QuInCI-Initiative der Techniker Krankenkasse). Auch von Seiten des
Gesetzgebers sind hierzu Maßnahmen in Vorbereitung, die die
CI-Versorgung unmittelbar betreffen werden
(„Implantateregister-Gesetz“). Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit
soll den derzeitigen Wissensstand der Qualitätssicherung in der
CI-Versorgung darstellen und eine Standortbestimmung für Deutschland
im Vergleich zu anderen Ländern vornehmen.
Qualität in der Mittelohrchirurgie – eine kritische
Standortbestimmung
Authors: Neudert Marcus 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungZur Ergebnisbewertung der rekonstruktiven Mittelohrchirurgie nur die erzielte
Verbesserung audiometrischer Messergebnisse heranzuziehen greift zu kurz.
Auch wenn sie als funktionelle Parameter eine zentrale Stellung in der
Therapiebewertung des Sinnesohrgans Ohr einnehmen, müssen sie
für die moderne Qualitätsbeschreibung um eine Reihe von
Faktoren ergänzt werden. Dabei sind die z. T. unterschiedlichen
Perspektiven, aus denen ein qualitativ gutes Ergebnis bewertet wird, zu
berücksichtigen. Aus Sicht des Patienten sind andere Faktoren
ausschlaggebend als für den Arzt, für den Arzt wiederum
andere als für die Kostenträger und die internationale
otologische Gemeinschaft, die anhand von Ergebnissen gesicherte Erkenntnisse
aus mittelohrchirurgischen Studiendaten ziehen möchte, setzt wieder
andere Kriterien an, um die Qualität zu bewerten.Dazu wird der allgemeine Qualitätsbegriff auf die Mittelohrchirurgie
adaptiert. Zudem muss er auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen gedacht und die
chirurgische Therapie von Mittelohrerkrankungen als ganzer Prozess
verstanden werden. Damit fallen neue Aspekte in die
Qualitätsbewertung, die eine strukturierte Beschreibung und
Erfassung krankheitsspezifischer Symptome, Befunde und das
Behandlungsergebnis umfassen. Auch die Nutzung international anerkannter
Klassifizierungssysteme, um die eigenen Ergebnisse nicht nur publizierbar
sondern auch Meta-Analyse-fähig zu machen muss in der heutigen Zeit
als ein Qualitätsmerkmal angesehen werden. Hierzu stehen
international erarbeitete und anerkannte Berichtssysteme zur
Verfügung. Ihre Anwendung in der Routineversorgung macht die
erhobenen Daten dabei nicht nur international vergleichbar, sondern
ermöglicht auch die systematische Bewertung innerhalb einer
Institution zur Qualitätsbeschreibung.Neben audiologischen Messergebnissen werden chirurgische
Qualitätsindikatoren betrachtet. Dabei wird der Blick auch auf
eintretende Komplikationen und den Wert systematischer und strukturierter
Erfassungssysteme gerichtet. Für die Nutzenbewertung durch die
Patienten stehen mittlerweile validierte Messinstrumente zur
Verfügung, deren Einsatz nicht mehr auf wissenschaftliche Studien
beschränkt sein sollte. Zusammenfassend soll die
Qualitätsbewertung nicht nur auf den „Patienten als
Ganzes“, sondern auch den „Therapieprozess als
Ganzes“, mit Einbeziehung von Merkmalen der Struktur- und
Prozessqualität, ausgedehnt werden.
Editorial Referateband 2020
Authors: Dietz Andreas 
Published: March 2020

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen,es freut mich außerordentlich, Ihnen den Referateband zur 91.
Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für
Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vorzustellen zu
dürfen: Welche – Qualität macht den Unterschied? Die
Eingrenzung von Qualitätsmerkmalen im Rahmen der
Effektivitätsbewertung verschiedener Therapiegebiete der HNO-Heilkunde
nimmt mittlerweile breiten Raum in der Darstellung unseres Faches ein. Dies
beschränkt sich nicht allein auf die Nutzenbewertungsbetrachtungen des
Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses (G-BA) oder von Kostenträgern angestrengte
Regulierungsinstrumentarien, sondern erstreckt sich über die Leitlinien
bis hin zu dem anspruchsvollen Begriff der Evidenz. In Abgrenzung des Begriffs
„Evidenz“ berührt der Qualitätsbegriff ungleich
mehr, da er sich aus ärztlicher Sicht auf die Struktur der
Leistungserbringung, die Güte der Ausbildung des ärztlichen und
Fachpersonals, das Gesamtpaket der Vor- und Nachbehandlung und auf den in vielen
Behandlungsfeldern wichtigen Begriff der Interdisziplinarität
erstreckt.
LAA-Okkluder und PFO-Verschluss
Authors: Ajmi Issameddine , Mahnkopf Christian , Sinani Muhamet , Brachmann Johannes , Schnupp Steffen 
Published: March 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer interventionelle perkutane Vorhofohrverschluss (LAAC) bietet eine Alternative für Ärzte, die einer komplizierten Nutzen-Risiko-Analyse bei Patienten mit Vorhofflimmern (VHF) gegenüberstehen, die aufgrund ihres Schlaganfallrisikos eine orale Antikoagulation (OAK) erhalten sollten, aber auch ein hohes Blutungsrisiko haben. Eine Steigerung dieses Bewusstseins in verschiedenen medizinischen Disziplinen hinweg könnte eine alternative Strategie zur Schlaganfallprävention für Patienten darstellen, die derzeit nicht ausreichend geschützt sind.
Dig & Delve into Protein Based Nanoformulations
Authors: Shariq Mohammad , Parveen Saba , Shamim Arshiya , Ahsan Farogh , Kushwaha Poonam , Mahmood Tarique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPast few decades have emerged as the era of nanotechnology worldwide leading to an extensive research in pharmaceutical science as well as other fields. Nanoformulations have shown a promising future in therapeutics and theronostics. Protein based nanoformulations attracting attention in research as it can be used as therapeutics as well as carrier. Carrier based protein nanoformulatios are capable of accommodating range of therapeutics such as dyes, drugs, contrast agents and inorganic nanoclusters makings its application vast. The nano size of formulation enables it to reach the desired places by some modification. This paper reviewed the various protein based nanoformulation. Human serum albumin, Bovine serum albumin, soy protein isolate, phycocyanin, casein, bromelein, collagen and sericin based nanoformulations are briefly discussed. Various limitations of these proteins can be diminished by developing it in nano form and emerged as promising candidate as carrier as well as therapeutics in drug delivery advancements.
Recent Advances in Synthetic Strategies to 2,3-Dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Lupattelli Paolo , Laurita Teresa , D’Orsi Rosarita , Chiummiento Lucia , Funicello Maria 
Published: March 2020

This review gives an overview on recent developments in methods for the construction of compounds with the 2,3-dihydrobenzo­furan core in the period 2012 to 2019. Interest in 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans is constantly increasing. The methods are divided into intermolecular and intramolecular approaches. Intermolecular approaches are subdivided according to the parent intermediate for the key reaction, while intermolecular approaches are subdivided according by which bond is formed in the key reaction. The transformation of benzofurans to dihydrobenzofurans and other miscellaneous methods are also discussed. Approaches useful for the synthesis of natural products are emphasized.1	Introduction2	Intermolecular Approaches2.1	o-Quinone Methides and o-Quinones2.2	p-Quinone Methides and p-Quinones2.3	Nitrogen-Containing Phenols and Quinones2.4	o-Hydroxyphenylcarbonyl Derivatives and Phenols2.5	Miscellaneous3	Intramolecular Approaches3.1	O–C2 Bond Forming3.2	C2–C3 Bond Forming3.3	C3–Aryl Bond Forming3.4	O–Aryl Bond Forming4	From BF to DHB5	Rearrangements and Aromatizations
The vowel spaces of Spanish-K’ichee’ bilinguals
Authors: Baird Brandon O. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The point vowels /i, a, u/ serve to mark the extremes of the acoustic vowel space; however, previous experimental research on K’ichee’ has shown that the acoustic location of point vowels varies according to the vowel inventory of the specific dialect of K’ichee’. The present study analyzes the acoustic vowel spaces of Guatemalan Spanish monolinguals and of Spanish-K’ichee’ bilinguals from two K’ichee’ dialects with different vowel inventories. The results of a production task reveal that the bilingual Spanish vowel spaces differ from those of monolinguals. Furthermore, although these bilinguals maintain cross-language differences in their mid vowels, their Spanish point vowels correspond in acoustic location to their K’ichee’ point vowels, meaning they have similar acoustic vowel spaces in both languages.
A preliminary, descriptive survey of rhotic and approximant fricativization in Northern Ecuadorian Andean Spanish varieties, Quichua, and Media Lengua
Authors: Stewart Jesse 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines acoustic data from six speech communities in the northern Andean region of Ecuador to describe variation in the Spanish rhotics /r, ɾ/ and approximants /ʎ, j/, as well as their relationship to the Quichua fricatives /ʐ, ʒ/. Data were collected from four dialects of Spanish, Imbabura Quichua, and Media Lengua, a mixed language containing Spanish lexicon and Quichua morphosyntax. Results from this preliminary, descriptive survey support claims that speakers of both urban and rural dialects of Spanish make extensive use of [ʐ] for /r/ and [ʒ] for /ʎ/, in addition to a wealth of phonetic variation. Similarly, /r/ and /ʎ/ from Spanish borrowings in Media Lengua and Quichua assimilate to [ʐ] and [ʒ], respectively, with little exception.
Spanish phonology in contact with Catalan
Authors: Davidson Justin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates sociophonetic variation in the production of the alveolar lateral /l/ in Catalan and Spanish, the velarization of which is considered the hallmark feature of Catalonian Spanish (Arnal, 2011; Casanovas Català, 1995; Hickey, 2012). Using an innovative combination of both gradient and categorical analyses to evaluate lateral production in Spanish and Catalan elicited from Catalan-Spanish bilinguals and Madrid monolinguals stratified by gender and exposure/usage of Catalan, we assess the degree to which lateral velarization pervades this contact setting. In so doing, we demonstrate that lateral velarization and the inventory of lateral categories in these languages are best approached using gradient and relative hierarchies of lateral darkness rather than discrete applications of intrinsically light [l] or dark [ɫ].
A conceptual framework for ex ante valuation of ecosystem services of brownfield greening from a systematic perspective
Authors: Zhong Qicheng , Zhang Lang , Zhu Yi , Konijnendijk van den Bosch Cecil , Han Jigang , Zhang Guilian , Li Yuezhong 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Although Brownfield greening (BG) can be a crucial solution to green space deficiency in dense urban areas, the potential benefits of different BG initiatives have rarely been quantitatively pre-evaluated. Here, the concept and main features of BG and its costs and benefits are firstly depicted. Next, a conceptual framework is presented which combines ecosystem service (ESS) valuation, economic cost-benefit analysis, and spatial pattern analysis. The framework is used to perform ex ante valuation of the ESS value of BG in Xuhui District, Shanghai.

Outcomes:
The scenario comparison results show that it can spatially reflect a closer-to-reality value of ESS at the urban scale instead of a theoretical value at the site scale. The ultimate values of ESS (After economic and landscape adjustments) in the composite scenario is more than 21% higher than those in the full-eco scenario, whereas the initial values of ESS (before the adjustments) in the former was 14% lower than those in the latter. These results suggest that a considerable part of brownfield greening projects need to be implemented in the more populated and economically vibrant areas instead of solely in the ecological construction zone, thereby correspondingly providing more cultural and regulation services and forming a better urban green space network.

Conclusion:
The framework provides a simple, science-based, and feasible tool for making BG decisions from a systematic perspective in dense urban areas. It can help meet the need for applying ESS knowledge to BG-based green space planning and policy making in the context of urban sustainable development.
Fasting plastic: an intervention study to break habits of plastic consumption (Ayuno de plástico: una intervención para cambiar los hábitos de consumo de plásticos)
Authors: Heidbreder Lea Marie , Schmitt Manfred 
Published: March 2020

Addressing the prevalent topic of plastic pollution, an intervention to break people’s consumption patterns was implemented. It was investigated if Lent could work as a ‘window of opportunity’ of habit change, expecting people to be open to try new behaviour in this period. An online survey was conducted before, during and after Lent. 140 persons in three different intervention groups, including an invitation to the plastic challenge (baseline), information about problems (group I) and information about action steps (group II) participated by the end. Mixed ANOVA revealed a reduction of plastic consumption during Lent ( d = 0.69). This effect was maintained even after Lent. Informational approaches showed no further effect. Path analysis revealed insights in antecedents of fasting behaviour and habit change. Intention, previous behaviour and moral norms were direct predictors of plastic reduction during Lent. In turn, people who reduced plastic consumption in this period continued it after Lent independent of other constructs. Implications of these results are discussed.
Drinking water quality from rural handpump-boreholes in Africa
Authors: Lapworth D J , MacDonald A M , Kebede S , Owor M , Chavula G , Fallas H , Wilson P , Ward J S T , Lark M , Okullo J , Mwathunga E , Banda S , Gwengweya G , Nedaw D , Jumbo S , Banks E , Cook P , Casey V 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Groundwater provides a vital source of drinking water for rural communities in many parts of Africa, particularly in the dry season when there are few safe alternative sources. This paper summarises results from a study (n = 428) assessing dry season water quality, both microbiological and inorganic chemistry, in handpump equipped boreholes (HPBs) across the Ethiopia Highlands (n = 142), Malawi (n = 162) and Uganda (n = 124) using a stratified, randomised sampling design. This study seeks to examine general water quality by randomly sampling rural groundwater supplies across larger areas with different geology and climate. The majority, 72%, of HPBs surveyed provide good quality dry season drinking water as defined by WHO drinking water quality criteria. Within this overall picture, the most notable constraints were from thermotolerant coliforms (TTCs), which exceeded the WHO drinking water guideline of zero colony forming units (cfu/100 ml) in 21% of sites (range 0–626 cfu/100 ml). TTC contamination was found to have a significant and positive correlation with annual average rainfall (ρ = 0.2, p = 0.00003). Across all three countries, WHO health based chemical drinking water quality values were exceeded at 9% of sites and were found for manganese (4%), fluoride (2.6%) and nitrate (2.5%); arsenic concentrations were below the guideline value of 10 μg l−1 (range < 0.5–7 μg l−1). The high percentage of Mn exceedances (14% ± 5.2% >400 μg l−1) found in drinking water sources in Uganda challenges the decision by WHO not to formalise a health-based guideline for Mn. While the overall level of microbiological contamination from HPBs is low, results from this study strongly suggest that at a national and regional level, microbiological contamination rather than chemical contamination will provide a greater barrier to achieving targets set for improved drinking water quality under the UN-SDG 6. Efforts should be made to ensure that boreholes are properly sited and constructed effectively to reduce pathogen contamination.
Attribution of the record-breaking heat event over Northeast Asia in summer 2018: the role of circulation
Authors: Ren Liwen , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Wenxia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In summer 2018, an extraordinary heat wave with record-breaking high temperatures hit Northeast Asia. However, the contribution of atmospheric circulation to this heat wave remains unknown. In this study, we quantify the contribution of circulation by using the flow analogue method. It is found that Northeast China, Korea and Japan were the most affected areas by the heat event, from daily to monthly timescales. The persistent high temperature was associated with an anticyclonic anomaly over Northeast Asia, related to the record-breaking northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The persistent anomalous anticyclone played a dominant role in this heat event, explaining half of the magnitude of the heat event. Both thermodynamical change and dynamical change in recent decades have increased the probability of occurrence of this kind of heat event over Northeast Asia. Specifically, the change in dynamical flow explains a fraction of less than 20% of the increases in probability of heat events. The contribution of thermodynamical changes to heat events generally increases with the rarity of the extreme event.
Reducing stranded assets through early action in the Indian power sector
Authors: Malik Aman , Bertram Christoph , Despres Jacques , Emmerling Johannes , Fujimori Shinichiro , Garg Amit , Kriegler Elmar , Luderer Gunnar , Mathur Ritu , Roelfsema Mark , Shekhar Swapnil , Vishwanathan Saritha , Vrontisi Zoi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cost-effective achievement of the Paris Agreement’s long-term goals requires the unanimous phase-out of coal power generation by mid-century. However, continued investments in coal power plants will make this transition difficult. India is one of the major countries with significant under construction and planned increase in coal power capacity. To ascertain the likelihood and consequences of the continued expansion of coal power for India’s future mitigation options, we use harmonised scenario results from national and global models along with projections from various government reports. Both these approaches estimate that coal capacity is expected to increase until 2030, along with rapid developments in wind and solar power. However, coal capacity stranding of the order of 133–237 GW needs to occur after 2030 if India were to pursue an ambitious climate policy in line with a well-below 2 °C target. Earlier policy strengthening starting after 2020 can reduce stranded assets (14–159 GW) but brings with it political economy and renewable expansion challenges. We conclude that a policy limiting coal plants to those under construction combined with higher solar targets could be politically feasible, prevent significant stranded capacity, and allow higher mitigation ambition in the future.
Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by two different methods & comparison of their structural, antibacterial, photocatalytic and optical properties
Authors: Haque Md Jahidul , Bellah Md Masum , Hassan Md Rakibu , Rahman Suhanur 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this work, two different methods (sol-gel and biosynthesis) were adopted for the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The leaf extract of Azadirachta Indica (Neem) was utilized in the biosynthesis scheme. Structural, antibacterial, photocatalytic and optical performances of the two variants were analyzed. Both variants demonstrated a wurtzite hexagonal structure. The biosynthesized variant (25.97 nm) exhibited smaller particles than that of the sol-gel variant (33.20 nm). The morphological analysis revealed that most of the particles of the sol-gel variant remained within the range of 15 nm to 68 nm while for the biosynthesized variant the range was 10–70 nm. The antibacterial assessment was redacted by using the agar well diffusion method in which the bacteria medium was Escherichia coli O157: H7. The zone of inhibition of bacterial growth was higher in the biosynthesized variant (14.5 mm). The photocatalytic performances of the nanoparticles were determined through the degradation of methylene blue dye in which the biosynthesized variant provided better performance. The electron spin resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that the free OH · radicals were the primary active species for this degradation phenomenon. The absorption band of the sol-gel and biosynthesized variants were 363 nm and 356 nm respectively. The optical band gap energy of the biosynthesized variant (3.25 eV) was slightly higher than that of the sol-gel variant (3.23 eV). Nevertheless, the improved antibacterial and photocatalytic responses of the biosynthesized variants were obtained due to the higher rate of stabilization mechanism of the nanoparticles by the organic chemicals (terpenoids) present in the Neem leaf extract.
Soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor improved the function, hypertrophy, and granular sparkling appearance of the left ventricular myocardium in systemic amyloid A amyloidosis: a case report
Authors: Miyagawa Sawa , Miyamoto Tadashi , Sato Yukihito 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
About 7% of amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis cases are accompanied by heart disease. Although several studies have recently reported that specific biologicals improved renal function in AA amyloidosis, little evidence is available regarding heart disease in AA amyloidosis.

Case summary
A 57-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis presented with sudden worsening of renal function. Echocardiography revealed granular sparkling appearance in the ventricular septum and posterior wall (PW). Echocardiography indicated left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) exhibited an apical sparing pattern. Cardiac biopsy demonstrated amyloid A deposition on immunostaining. Soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha receptor etanercept therapy was initiated. Four years later, echocardiography showed improved diastolic function, including E/A and E/e’, and decreased wall thickness in both the interventricular septum and PW of the left ventricle. Granular sparkling appearance had diminished. Moreover, the LV dysfunction improved on GLS. Five years later, the medication was gradually losing effect and the patient had worsening pain in the joints; moreover, articular destruction was observed on radiography. The patient was switched to abatacept therapy. Echocardiography showed recurrence of LV hypertrophy and electrocardiogram showed down-sloped ST depression in V4–6 leads.

Discussion
This case indicates that etanercept can be effective for heart disease in AA amyloidosis. Of particular, interest is the improvement of granular sparkling appearance in addition to cardiac function improvement noted in this case.