bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and small fiber neuropathy
Authors: Thaisetthawatkul Pariwat , Lyden Elizabeth , Americo Fernandes J. , Herrmann David N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate the association between prediabetes (PD), elements of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and small fiber neuropathy (SFN).MethodsA total of 268 patients with SFN symptoms and normal electrophysiology underwent tests to assess small fibers. SFN was diagnosed based on abnormality of at least two among intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IEFND), quantitative sensory testing, and quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing.ResultsThere was no difference in IENFD or abnormal skin biopsy frequency between PD and normoglycemia (NG). However, IENFD was lower in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in those with NG. An association between HbA1C and IENFD was observed only if DM patients were included. Attributes of the MetS were more common in those with an abnormal skin biopsy but not among those with autonomic dysfunction or meeting SFN criteria.DiscussionDM, but not PD alone, is associated with SFN. Other MetS elements appear to preferentially impact small fiber structure over function.
Relevance of apparent diffusion coefficient features for a radiomics‐based prediction of response to induction chemotherapy in sinonasal cancer
Authors: Bologna Marco , Calareso Giuseppina , Resteghini Carlo , Sdao Silvana , Montin Eros , Corino Valentina , Mainardi Luca , Licitra Lisa , Bossi Paolo 
Published: February 2020

Abstract summaryIn this paper, several radiomics‐based predictive models of response to induction chemotherapy (IC) in sinonasal cancers (SNCs) are built and tested. Models were built as a combination of radiomic features extracted from three types of MRI images: T1‐weighted images, T2‐weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Fifty patients (aged 54 ± 12 years, 41 men) were included in this study. Patients were classified according to their response to IC (25 responders and 25 nonresponders). Not all types of images were acquired for all of the patients: 49 had T1‐weighted images, 50 had T2‐weighted images and 34 had ADC maps. Only in a subset of 33 patients were all three types of image acquired.Eighty‐nine radiomic features were extracted from the MRI images. Dimensionality reduction was performed by using principal component analysis (PCA) and by selecting only the three main components. Different algorithms (trees ensemble, K‐nearest neighbors, support vector machine, naïve Bayes) were used to classify the patients as either responders or nonresponders. Several radiomic models (either monomodality or multimodality obtained by a combination of T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted and ADC images) were developed and the performance was assessed through 100 iterations of train and test split. The area under the curve (AUC) of the models ranged from 0.56 to 0.78. Trees ensemble, support vector machine and naïve Bayes performed similarly, but in all cases ADC‐based models performed better. Trees ensemble gave the highest AUC (0.78 for the T1‐weighted+T2‐weighted+ADC model) and was used for further analyses. For trees ensemble, the models based on ADC features performed better than those models that did not use those features (P < 0.02 for one‐tail Hanley test, AUC range 0.68–0.78 vs 0.56–0.69) except the T1‐weighted+ADC model (AUC 0.71 vs 0.69, nonsignificant differences). The results suggest the relevance of ADC‐based radiomics for prediction of response to IC in SNCs.
Polyethyleneoxide‐b‐poly(isopropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers as novel material for ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Gaalken Janina , Ulbricht Mathias 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic polyethyleneoxide‐b‐poly(isopropyl methacrylate) (PEO‐b‐PiPMA) diblock copolymers (BCP) with different molar masses are synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). For that functionalized PEO monomethyl ether with two different molar masses, 10 and 20 kDa, are used as macroinitiator to obtain BCP in a molar mass range relevant for membrane fabrication. The BCP are used in the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) with the aim to obtain isoporous ultrafiltration membranes due to combination with its self‐assembling properties (SNIPS). In various experiments, a strong effect of PEO homopolymer (hPEO) on the membrane formation process can be proven in which fractions of BCP with low molar mass might also play a role. These impurities are left in the BCP after ATRP due to incomplete purification. Under specific conditions, they induce formation of void‐like superstructures on the membrane surface and in the cross section by a templating mechanism. Probably, large compound micelles play a key role in this scenario hindering the favored SNIPS process. The superstructure formation can be avoided by extensive purification of the BCP via dialysis or extraction. From the purified polymers, self‐supported ultrafiltration membranes with an integrated hydrophilic component are successfully fabricated. Although they do not lead to isoporous surfaces after semiempirical determination of suitable solvent systems for the SNIPS process, there are convincing indications that the trade‐off relation between selectivity and permeability can be overcome. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. , 2020, 58, 2561–2574
Preparation of Ta(Ph)‐Fe/AP Composite Microspheres by Ultrasonic Spray Drying and Characterization of Their Catalytic Properties
Authors: Song Naimeng , Yang Li , Liu Pingan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this study, the ultrasonic spray drying technology was applied to prepare composite microspheres of catalyst (Ta−Fe, Ph−Fe) and AP. The surface morphology of the two composite microspheres was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Their particle size distribution characteristics were tested by a nano laser particle size analyzer. The results showed that the spray drying technology can uniformly compound the AP and the catalyst into spherical particles. The thermal decomposition process of Ta(Ph)‐Fe/AP composite microspheres were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC data demonstrated that Ta(Ph)‐Fe/AP composite microsphere had a very good catalytic effect and significantly promoted the thermal decomposition process of AP. In addition, the catalytic mechanism was discussed by calculating the change in activation energy. Compared with the raw AP, the activation energies of the Ta−Fe/AP and Ph−Fe/AP composite microspheres were reduced by 18.5 kJ/mol and 28.1 kJ/mol, respectively.
Quantum Simulation of Non‐Perturbative Cavity QED with Trapped Ions
Authors: Jaako Tuomas , Garcia‐Ripoll Juan José , Rabl Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe simulation of non‐perturbative cavity‐QED effects is discussed using systems of trapped ions. Specifically, the implementation of extended Dicke models with both collective dipole‐field and direct dipole–dipole interactions is addressed, which represent a minimal set of models for describing light–matter interactions in the ultrastrong and deep‐strong coupling regime. It is shown that this approach can be used in state‐of‐the‐art trapped ion setups to investigate excitation spectra or the transition between sub‐ and superradiant ground states, which are currently not accessible in any other physical system. The analysis also reveals the intrinsic difficulty of accessing this non‐perturbative regime with larger numbers of dipoles, which makes the simulation of many‐dipole cavity QED a particularly challenging test case for future quantum simulation platforms.
Structural elucidation of hydroxy fatty acids by photodissociation mass spectrometry with photolabile derivatives
Authors: Narreddula Venkateswara R. , Sadowski Pawel , Boase Nathan R.B. , Marshall David L. , Poad Berwyck L.J. , Trevitt Adam J. , Mitchell Todd W. , Blanksby Stephen J. 
Published: February 2020

RationaleEicosanoids are short‐lived bio‐responsive lipids produced locally from oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) via a cascade of enzymatic or free radical reactions. Alterations in the composition and concentration of eicosanoids are indicative of inflammation responses and there is strong interest in developing analytical methods for the sensitive and selective detection of these lipids in biological mixtures. Most eicosanoids are hydroxy FAs (HFAs), which present a particular analytical challenge due to the presence of regioisomers arising from differing locations of hydroxylation and unsaturation within their structures.MethodsIn this study, the recently developed derivatization reagent 1‐(3‐(aminomethyl)‐4‐iodophenyl)pyridin‐1‐ium (4‐I‐AMPP+) was applied to a representative set of HFAs including bioactive eicosanoids. Photodissociation (PD) mass spectra obtained at 266 nm of 4‐I‐AMPP+‐modified HFAs exhibit abundant product ions arising from photolysis of the aryl–iodide bond within the derivative with subsequent migration of the radical to the hydroxyl group promoting fragmentation of the FA chain and facilitating structural assignment.ResultsRepresentative polyunsaturated HFAs (from the hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid families) were derivatized with 4‐I‐AMPP+ and subjected to a reversed‐phase liquid chromatography workflow that afforded chromatographic resolution of isomers in conjunction with structurally diagnostic PD mass spectra.ConclusionsPD of these complex HFAs was found to be sensitive to the locations of hydroxyl groups and carbon–carbon double bonds, which are structural properties strongly associated with the biosynthetic origins of these lipid mediators.
Full robotic ALPPS for HCC with intrahepatic portal vein thrombosis
Authors: Di Benedetto Fabrizio , Assirati Giacomo , Magistri Paolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) technique can induce a greater degree of hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) in a shorter time compared with other procedures. A robotic approach may reduce the complication rate, increasing the ability to perform classic ALPPS.MethodsWe report technical and clinical considerations on the first full robotic ALPPS (stages 1 and 2) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein intrahepatic tumor thrombus.ResultsThe patient was a 38‐year‐old man with Milan‐out HCC and FLR volume of 19.6%. On postoperative day (POD) 8, FLR increased to 37%; therefore, he underwent completion of ALPPS on POD 10. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in good general conditions on POD 3.ConclusionRobotic ALPPS is safe and feasible for selected patients with initially unresectable HCC or requiring extended resections, with good postoperative outcomes.
Stereochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of 1,3‐Diol Derivatives of Diacetylcurcumin‐4H: A Joint NMR, X‐Ray, and Biological Approach
Authors: Alvarez‐Ricardo Yair F. , Sánchez‐López Dylan M. , Meza‐Morales William E. , Obregón‐Mendoza Marco A. , Arias‐Olguín Imilla I. , Nieto‐Camacho Antonio , Toscano Rubén A. , Enríquez Raúl G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stereochemistry of two new 1,3‐diol curcuminoid derivatives, ((3R*,5R*)‐3,5‐dihydroxyheptane‐1,7‐diyl) bis (2‐methoxy‐4,1‐phenylene) diacetate namely rac‐6, its acetylated derivative, (3R*,5R*)‐1,7‐bis(4‐acetoxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) heptane‐3,5‐diyl diacetate (rac‐7) and the diastereomeric model compound 1,3‐bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐propanediol (rac‐2) were investigated through their X‐ray crystal structures and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Achiral compounds diacetylcurcumin (4) and diacetylcurcumin‐4H (5), crystallized in the Sohncke space group P21 allowed its unambiguous stereochemical assignment. The unit cell of tetraacetylated compound rac‐7 consists of a co‐crystal of two conformers and constitute a rare case of conformational isomorphism composed by TTTTTT and TTTTGT conformers in a 1:1 stoichiometric proportions. The antioxidant activity of each pair of derivatives was investigated and a significant difference in activity was found for tetraacetylated pairs rac‐7/(3R,5 S)‐1,7‐bis(4‐acetoxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) heptane‐3,5‐diyl diacetate (meso‐7) and cyclic sulfites (((4R*,6R*)‐2‐oxido‐1,3,2‐dioxathiane‐4,6‐diyl) bis (ethane‐2,1‐diyl)) bis (2‐methoxy‐4,1‐phenylene) diacetate (rac‐8)/(((4 S,6R)‐2‐oxido‐1,3,2‐dioxathiane‐4,6‐diyl) bis (ethane‐2,1‐diyl)) bis (2‐methoxy‐4,1‐phenylene) diacetate (meso‐8). The present study addresses the stereochemistry and biological activity of these types of compounds.
Analysis of Charge Storage Behavior in Redox‐electrolyte Based Battery‐like‐systems: A Case Study on Zr‐doped Ceria
Authors: Ghosh Sourav , Rao G. Ranga , Thomas Tiju 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRedox‐additives are used as a cost‐effective means to improve low‐temperature charge‐storage capacity for aqueous‐supercapacitors. From a technology‐development standpoint, there are challenges associated with a lack of standard techniques to measure the redox‐additive based device‐parameters. This, in turn, yields a relatively poor understanding of the charge‐storage processes, especially in battery‐like supercapacitors. With this as a backdrop, this work undertakes an analysis of Ce0.9Zr0.1O2@Ni‐foam/KOH‐K3Fe(CN)6 electrode/electrolyte system. Here, a method is presented that enables the delineation of the contribution of the effective‐mass of the redox‐additive on the electrode‐surface. This method demonstrates that the effective electrolyte‐mass has a ∼38.5 to ∼15% contribution toward charge‐storage with increasing scan rates (1 to 80 mV s−1). The diffusion‐controlled trends are duly analyzed using the well‐established Trasatti analysis; these also serve as a reasonable benchmark for the method reported here. Hence the method is expected to be of use for other hybrid‐supercapacitor systems as well.
Nanopore‐Based Protein Sequencing Using Biopores: Current Achievements and Open Challenges
Authors: Asandei Alina , Di Muccio Giovanni , Schiopu Irina , Mereuta Loredana , Dragomir Isabela S. , Chinappi Mauro , Luchian Tudor 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe synergy of life sciences discoveries, biomolecular and protein engineering advances, and groundbreaking nanofabrication technologies, has introduced over the past years the wide use of the nanopore‐based investigations of matter at the molecular level. This review focuses on the fundamental principles of α‐hemolysin (α‐HL) protein‐based nanopores, as sensitive investigative tools that combine single‐molecule detection with the ability to simultaneously manipulate single molecules, in otherwise complex samples. Herein, there are presented some of the efforts directed to control the capture dynamics and translocation speed of tailored polypeptides through the α‐HL nanopore, by harnessing the electro‐osmotic flow and nanopore‐tweezing influence on individual molecules, which are engineered to resemble macrodipoles. The reported applications of this approach suggest a solution to enhance the temporal resolution of nanopore detection, prove the capability of the system in distinguishing between groups of distinct amino acids from the studied polypeptides, and propose a strategy to translate such single‐molecule sensors in devices suitable for polypeptide sequencing at unimolecular level.
Nitrite‐shunt and biological phosphorus removal at low dissolved oxygen in a full‐scale high‐rate system at warm temperatures
Authors: Jimenez Jose , Wise George , Regmi Pusker , Burger Gillian , Conidi Daniela , Du Weiwei , Dold Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study presents results from the City of St. Petersburg's (Florida) Southwest Water Reclamation Facility. This high‐rate BNR plant (SRT ~ 5 days; HRT < 8 hr) achieves combined bioP and shortcut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) via nitrite in a simple BNR configuration—an anaerobic–aerobic (A/O) process without mixed liquor recycle and a 25% unaerated fraction. N removal to low effluent and nitrate and nitrite (

+

) concentrations occurs mainly via SND by operating the aerated zone at low DO, but still achieving near‐complete ammonium (

) removal. Despite the low DO operation, very good bioP performance is achieved. Full‐scale performance data and detailed bench‐scale testing were conducted to assess the nitrogen and phosphorus removal at low DO conditions. Full‐scale results showed that the plant achieves effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of approximately 2.0 mgN/L and 0.5 mgP/L, respectively, at an average influent C:N ratio of 7:1 mgCOD:mgN.Practitioner points

Simple anaerobic–aerobic (A/O) process demonstrated combined N and P removal

Ammonia oxidation was not hampered by low DO (<0.5 mg/L) operation

Low DO (<0.5 mg/L) operation sustained SND via nitrite pathway in a high‐rate process (HRT < 6 hr)

P uptake was demonstrated at low DO which counters to the widely held understanding that high DO (>1.5 mg/L) is necessary

Heterotrophic consumption of nitrite at low DO was the key to the out‐selection of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria
Stimuli‐activatable nanomedicines for chemodynamic therapy of cancer
Authors: Wang Weiqi , Jin Yilan , Xu Zhiai , Liu Xiao , Bajwa Sadia Z. , Khan Waheed S. , Yu Haijun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) takes the advantages of Fenton‐type reactions triggered by endogenous chemical energy to generate highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radicals. As a novel modality for cancer treatment, CDT shows minimal invasiveness and high tumor specificity by responding to the acidic and the highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide microenvironment of tumor. The CDT approach for spatiotemporal controllable reactive oxygen species generation exhibits preferable therapeutic performance and satisfying biosafety. In this review article, we summarized the recent advances of stimuli‐activatable nanomedicines for CDT. We also overviewed the strategies for augmenting CDT performance, including increasing the catalytic efficacy through rational design of the nanomaterials, modulating the reaction condition, inputting external energy field, and regulating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discussed the potential and challenges of stimuli‐activatable nanomedicine for clinical translation and future development of CDT.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Introduction
Authors: Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis book gathers studies from across Europe and Israel. It present the latest insights in studies on family dynamics from a European perspective. The book covers both macro and micro level studies and deals with causes and consequences of uncoupling. The long-term research agenda for divorce researchers is promising and bursting with new opportunities, new challenges and new exciting discoveries to be made. This book is a first step in this direction showing the newest developments collected in one volume.
Post-Divorce Dual-Household Living Arrangements and Adolescent Wellbeing
Authors: Fallesen Peter , Gähler Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdolescents are increasingly living in two households, alternating between family contexts. It is timely to consider how these contexts may affect adolescent’s psychological wellbeing. We use data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden, including data on occurrence and extent of dual-household residency, to correlate 15 family types with adolescent’s internalizing problems, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Analyses show that (i) adolescents in intact families exhibit better wellbeing than peers in different types of dissolved families, (ii) adolescents in reconstituted families exhibit less wellbeing than adolescents living with a single parent only, (iii) living in two households, where both parents are single or either of them is repartnered, is not associated with better wellbeing than living with a single parent only, (iv) adolescents in alternate living generally seem to do as well as their peers in intact families, but (v) there is a tendency that alternate living in a symmetrical family context, i.e., where both parents are either single or living with a new partner, is more positive for the adolescent than if one parent is in a new relationship and the other is not.
Gray Divorce and Social and Emotional Loneliness
Authors: Högnäs Robin S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch consistently shows an association between marriage and divorce and long-term health, including mental health outcomes linked to loneliness and depression. And, recent evidence suggests that divorce at midlife and older, or so-called “gray divorce” has increased while divorce at younger ages has decreased. Using data from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (NKPS), this chapter explores the association between marital status and social and emotional loneliness, emphasizing gray divorce. Contrary to expectations, compared to those continuously married (e.g., never divorced), gray divorce is not associated significantly with social loneliness, but divorce prior to midlife is. On the other hand, those who divorced prior to and after midlife were emotionally lonelier than those continuously married, regardless of birth cohort and remarriage. In addition, compared to their married counterparts of the same age, there was no association between divorce and social loneliness for women, but there was for men who divorced both before and after midlife. Among only the divorced group, gray divorce (versus younger divorce) was not associated significantly with social nor emotional loneliness for women or men. Also among only those who divorced, gray divorced men (versus younger divorced men) were less emotionally lonely, but this finding was not statistically significant.
Dosimetric comparison of organs at risk using different contouring guidelines for definition of the clinical target volume in anal cancer
Authors: Dapper Hendrik , Oechsner Markus , Münch Stefan , Diehl Christian , Peeken Jan C. , Borm Kai , Combs Stephanie E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
There are different contouring guidelines for definition of the clinical target volume (CTV) for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of anal cancer (AC). We conducted a planning comparison study to evaluate and compare the dose to relevant organs at risk (OARs) while using different CTV definitions.

Methods
Twelve patients with a primary diagnosis of anal cancer, who were treated with primary chemoradiation (CRT), were selected. We generated four guideline-specific CTVs and subsequently planned target volumes (PTVs) on the planning CT scan of each patient. An IMRT plan for volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) was set up for each PTV. Dose parameters of the planned target volume (PTV) and OARs were evaluated and compared, too.

Results
The mean volume of the four PTVs ranged from 2138 cc to 2433 cc. The target volumes contoured by the authors based on the recommendations of each group were similar in the pelvis, while they differed significantly in the inguinal region. There were no significant differences between the four target volumes with regard to the dose parameters of the cranially located OARs. Conversely, some dose parameters concerning the genitals and the skin varied significantly among the different guidelines.

Conclusion
The four contouring guidelines differ significantly concerning the inguinal region. In order to avoid inguinal recurrence and to protect relevant OARs, further investigations are needed to generate uniform standards for definition of the elective clinical target volume in the inguinal region.