bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of morphable 3D mesostructures in advanced materials
Authors: Fu Haoran , Bai Ke , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Soft robots complement the existing efforts of miniaturizing conventional, rigid robots, and have the potential to revolutionize areas such as military equipment and biomedical devices. This type of system can accomplish tasks in complex and time-varying environments through geometric reconfiguration induced by diverse external stimuli, such as heat, solvent, light, electric field, magnetic field, and mechanical field. Approaches to achieve reconfigurable mesostructures are essential to the design and fabrication of soft robots. Existing studies mainly focus on four key aspects: reconfiguration mechanisms, fabrication schemes, deformation control principles, and practical applications. This review presents a detailed survey of methodologies for morphable mesostructures triggered by a wide range of stimuli, with a number of impressive examples, demonstrating high degrees of deformation complexities and varied multi-functionalities. The latest progress based on the development of new materials and unique design concepts is highlighted. An outlook on the remaining challenges and open opportunities is provided.
Nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors
Authors: Wang Dongyi , Wang Lili , Shen Guozhen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Nanofibers/nanowires with one-dimension (1D) nanostructure or well-patterned microstructure have shown distinctly advantages in flexible and stretchable sensor fields, owing to their remarkable tolerance against mechanical bending or stretching, outstanding electronic/optoelectronic properties, good transparency, and excellent geometry. Herein, latest summaries in the unique structure and properties of nanofiber/nanowire function materials and their applications for flexible and stretchable sensor are highlighted. Several types of high-performance nanofiber/nanowire-based flexible pressure and stretchable sensors are also reviewed. Finally, a conclusion and prospect for 1D nanofiber/nanowires-based flexible and stretchable sensors are also intensively discussed. This summary offers new insights for the development of flexible and stretchable sensor based 1D nanostructure in next-generation flexible electronics.
Gastrin Staining in Inflamed Stomach Biopsies Labeled as “Antral” Rarely Detects Atrophic Gastritis
Authors: Dunn Andrew L J , Drage Michael G , Whitney-Miller Christa L , McMahon Loralee A , Gonzalez Raul S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesAutoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is an underrecognized entity, especially in its early stage. This study assessed whether the use of gastrin immunohistochemistry would increase sensitivity for diagnosing early AMAG.MethodsThree-hundred gastric biopsies were prospectively stained for gastrin by immunohistochemistry. Inclusion criteria included well-oriented gastric mucosa with mucus glands and minimal plasma cell infiltrate not suspected to represent pyloric metaplasia. Patient age, sex, designated location of biopsy, presence or absence of intestinal metaplasia, and clinical information were not criteria. Any case with absence of gastrin-positive endocrine cells reflexed to chromogranin immunohistochemistry. Maloriented biopsies or cases with current Helicobacter infection were excluded.ResultsThe 298-patient study cohort comprised 222 females (mean age, 47 years; range, 16-80 years) and 76 males (mean age, 49 years; range, 7-80 years). Biopsies were designated as “antral/antral nodules” (61%), and the rest were labeled “gastric/random stomach” (39%). Nine cases (3%) exhibited absence of gastrin-positive endocrine cells; one of those showed endocrine cell hyperplasia by chromogranin staining.ConclusionsPathologists should be aware of the histologic features of early AMAG and meticulously analyze tissue regardless of specimen labeling. Gastrin immunostain is a supplemental diagnostic tool when encountering inflamed antral-appearing specimens.
Evaluating assembly and variant calling software for strain-resolved analysis of large DNA viruses
Authors: Deng Zhi-Luo , Dhingra Akshay , Fritz Adrian , Götting Jasper , Münch Philipp C , Steinbrück Lars , Schulz Thomas F , Ganzenmüller Tina , McHardy Alice C 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause severe complications in immunocompromised individuals and congenitally infected children. Characterizing heterogeneous viral populations and their evolution by high-throughput sequencing of clinical specimens requires the accurate assembly of individual strains or sequence variants and suitable variant calling methods. However, the performance of most methods has not been assessed for populations composed of low divergent viral strains with large genomes, such as HCMV. In an extensive benchmarking study, we evaluated 15 assemblers and 6 variant callers on 10 lab-generated benchmark data sets created with two different library preparation protocols, to identify best practices and challenges for analyzing such data. Most assemblers, especially metaSPAdes and IVA, performed well across a range of metrics in recovering abundant strains. However, only one, Savage, recovered low abundant strains and in a highly fragmented manner. Two variant callers, LoFreq and VarScan2, excelled across all strain abundances. Both shared a large fraction of false positive variant calls, which were strongly enriched in T to G changes in a ‘G.G’ context. The magnitude of this context-dependent systematic error is linked to the experimental protocol. We provide all benchmarking data, results and the entire benchmarking workflow named QuasiModo, Quasispecies Metric determination on omics, under the GNU General Public License v3.0 (https://github.com/hzi-bifo/Quasimodo), to enable full reproducibility and further benchmarking on these and other data.
Identity as Discourse: ‘The Person in Need of Guardianship’
Authors: Barel Michal , Doron Israel (Issi) , Strier Roni 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article presents a critical discussion of the legal institution of adult guardianship in Israel. Based on a critical discourse analysis’ study of official guardianship reports for older adults submitted by social workers to family courts in Israel, findings reveal how guardianship institutional procedures construct the personal life stories of older persons into legalistic guardianship paradigm, and in doing so they create a new identity of ‘a person in need of guardianship’. The article further delineates how ‘a person in need of guardianship’ (as well as a ‘guardian’) is a discursive identity, a subject who never existed prior to the guardianship proceeding, a legal creation which does not reflect the complexities and realities of older persons.
LncRNA BRCAT54 inhibits the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer by binding to RPS9 to transcriptionally regulate JAK-STAT and calcium pathway genes
Authors: Yang Wenhan , Qian Youhui , Gao Kaiping , Zheng Wenjing , Wu Guodong , He Qihan , Chen Qianqian , Song Yi , Wang Liang , Wang Yejun , Gu Peigui , Chen Bin , Zhai Rihong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Increasing evidence suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in cancers. However, the expression pattern and underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to elucidate the functions and molecular mechanisms of a certain lncRNA in NSCLC.

Methods
LncRNA microarray was performed to identify differential expressed lncRNAs between pre- and postoperation plasma in NSCLC patients. The expression level of candidate lncRNA in NSCLC tissues, plasma and cells was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. The functional roles of lncRNA were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, microarray, qRT-PCR and rescue assays were conducted to explore the mechanism action of lncRNA in NSCLC cells.

Results
We identified a novel lncRNA (BRCAT54), which was significantly upregulated in preoperative plasma, NSCLC tissues and NSCLC cells, and its higher expression was associated with better prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Overexpression of BRCAT54 inhibited proliferation, migration and activated apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Conversely, knockdown of BRCAT54 reversed the suppressive effects of BRCAT54. Moreover, overexpression of BRCAT54 repressed NSCLC cell growth in vivo. Mechanistically, BRCAT54 directly bound to RPS9. Knockdown of RPS9 substantially reversed the promoting effects of si-BRCAT54 on cell proliferation and enhanced the inhibitive effect of si-BRCAT54 on BRCAT54 expression. In addition, silencing of RPS9 activated JAK-STAT pathway and suppressed calcium signaling pathway gene expressions.

Conclusion
This study identified BRCAT54 as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. Targeting the BRCAT54 and RPS9 feedback loop might be a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Computed tomography coronary angiography for patients with heart failure (CTA-HF): a randomized controlled trial (IMAGE-HF 1C)
Authors: Chow Benjamin J.W. , Coyle Doug , Hossain Alomgir , Laine Mika , Hanninen Helena , Ukkonen Heikki , Rajda Miroslav , Larose Eric , Hartikainen Juha , Mielniczuk Lisa , Kass Malek , Connelly Kim A. , O’Meara Eileen , Garrard Linda , Bishop Helen , Small Gary , Hedman Marja , Coyle Kathryn , Yla-Herttuala Seppo , Knuuti Juhani , Wells George A. , Beanlands Rob S ,   the IMAGE-HF Investigators
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
This randomized controlled trial sought to determine the financial impact of an initial diagnostic strategy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with heart failure (HF) of unknown aetiology. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is used to investigate HF patients. CCTA may be a non-invasive cost-effective alternative to ICA. This randomized controlled trial sought to determine the financial impact of an initial diagnostic strategy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with heart failure (HF) of unknown aetiology.

Methods and results
This multicentre, international trial enrolled patients with HF of unknown aetiology. The primary outcome was the cost of CCTA vs. ICA strategies at 12 months. Clinical outcomes were also collected. An ‘intention-to-diagnose’ analysis was performed and a secondary ‘as-tested’ analysis was based on the modality received. Two hundred and forty-six patients were randomized (age = 57.8 ± 11.0 years, ejection fraction = 30.1 ± 10.1%). The severity of coronary artery disease was similar in both groups. In the 121 CCTA patients, 93 avoided ICA. Rates of downstream ischaemia and viability testing were similar for both arms. There were no significant differences in the composite clinical outcomes or quality of life measures. The cost of CCTA trended lower than ICA [CDN −$871 (confidence interval, CI −$4116 to $3028)]. Using an ‘as-tested’ analysis, CCTA was associated with a decrease in healthcare costs (CDN −$2932, 95% CI −$6248 to $746).

Conclusion
In patients with HF of unknown aetiology, costs were not statistically different between the CCTA and ICA strategies.

Clinical Trials.gov
NCT01283659
Prognostic importance of mitral e
′ velocity in constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Yang Jeong Hoon , Miranda William R , Nishimura Rick A , Greason Kevin L , Schaff Hartzell V , Oh Jae K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
Increased medial mitral annulus early diastolic velocity (e′) plays an important role in the echocardiographic diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP) and mitral e′ velocity is also a marker of underlying myocardial disease. We assessed the prognostic implication of mitral e′ for long-term mortality after pericardiectomy in patients with CP.

Methods and results
We studied 104 surgically confirmed CP patients who underwent echocardiography and cardiac catheterization within 7 days between 2005 and 2013. Patients were classified as primary CP (n = 45) or mixed CP (n = 59) based on the clinical history of concomitant myocardial disease. On multivariable analysis, medial e′ velocity and mean pulmonary artery pressure were independently associated with long-term mortality post-pericardiectomy. There were significant differences in survival rates among the groups divided by cut-off values of 9.0 cm/s and 29 mmHg for medial e′ and mean pulmonary artery pressure, respectively (both P &lt; 0.001). Ninety-two patients (88.5%) had elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) (≥15 mmHg); there was no significant correlation between medial E/e′ and PAWP (r = 0.002, P = 0.998). However, despite the similar PAWP between primary CP and mixed CP groups (21.6 ± 5.4 vs. 21.2 ± 5.8, P = 0.774), all primary CP individuals with elevated PAWP had medial E/e′ &lt;15 as opposed to 34 patients (57.6%) in the mixed CP group (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Increased mitral e′ velocity is associated with better outcomes in patients with CP. A paradoxical distribution of the relationship between E/e′ and PAWP is present in these patients but there is no direct inverse correlation between them.
Time trajectory of cardiac function and its relation with survival in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Hwang In-Chang , Koh Youngil , Park Jun-Bean , Yoon Yeonyee E , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Kim Yong-Jin , Cho Goo-Yeong , Sohn Dae-Won , Lee Seung-Pyo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Aims
We aimed to analyse the time-serial change of cardiac function in light-chain (AL) cardiac amyloidosis patients undergoing active chemotherapy and its relationship with patient outcome.

Methods and results
Seventy-two patients with AL cardiac amyloidosis undergoing active chemotherapy who had two or more echocardiographic examinations were identified from a prospective observational cohort (n = 34) and a retrospective cohort (n = 38). Echocardiographic parameters were obtained immediately prior to 1–3, 3–6, 6–12, and 12–24 months after the first chemotherapy. Study endpoint was a composite of death or heart transplantation (HT). During a median of 32 months (interquartile range 8–51) follow-up, 33 patients (45.8%) died and 4 patients (5.6%) underwent HT. Echocardiograms immediately prior to the first chemotherapy did not show differences between the patients with adverse events vs. those without. Significant increase in mitral E/e′ ratio and decline in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) was observed, starting at 3–6 months after the first chemotherapy only in those who experienced adverse events on follow-up, which was also evident in those who responded to chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that B-natriuretic peptide &gt;500 pg/mL and troponin I &gt;0.15 ng/dL at initial diagnosis, hospitalization for heart failure, E/e′ &gt;15, and LV-GLS &lt;10% during follow-up were independent predictors of outcome.

Conclusions
In AL cardiac amyloidosis patients undergoing active chemotherapy, the deterioration of LV function may occur, starting even at 3–6 months after the first chemotherapy. Serial echocardiography may help identify those who experience a clinical event in the near future despite active chemotherapy.
The Association Between High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin, Ghrelin and Leptin and Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Results From Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
Authors: van Andel Merel , van Schoor Natasja M , Korten Nicole C , Comijs Hannie C , Heijboer Annemieke C , Drent Madeleine L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAge-related cognitive decline has large-scale functional and economic consequences and understanding its’ pathophysiological mechanisms is therefore essential. Previous research has suggested associations between hormones adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and neurodegenerative disease. However, their association with age-related cognitive decline has not been fully described. We examine the association between serum high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and age-related cognitive decline in older adults.MethodsThe associations between HMW adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and the Mini-Mental-State-Examination, Coding task (Coding), 15 Words Test (15WT) and composite Z-score (general cognitive function) were analyzed by means of a sex-stratified multivariable linear regression analysis in a population-based cohort of 898 older adults at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up.ResultsIn women, we found a positive association between HMW adiponectin and general cognitive function at baseline (fully adjusted model composite Z-score standardized regression co-efficient beta [β] = .089, p = .025). After 3 years of follow-up, HMW adiponectin was associated with more decline in general cognitive function and information processing speed (fully adjusted model composite Z-score β = −.123, p = .018; Coding β = −.116, p = .027). Ghrelin and leptin were significantly associated with memory in a baseline subgroup analysis of older women. For men, we found no significant associations at baseline or follow-up.ConclusionOur results show variable associations between hormones HMW adiponectin, ghrelin and leptin and age-related cognitive decline in women but not in men. As there was no clear trend, all our results should be interpreted with caution.
Cell-Mediated Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Kang Chang Kyung , Kim Hang-Rae , Song Kyoung-Ho , Keam Bhumsuk , Choi Seong Jin , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Nam Joong , Kim Yu Jung , Park Wan Beom , Kim Hong Bin , Oh Myoung-don 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
We assessed cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses of influenza vaccination in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which remain elusive.

Methods
Vaccine-elicited CMI responses in patients receiving ICIs or cytotoxic agents were investigated by flow cytometry. Polyfunctional cells were defined as T cells that express 2 or more of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interleukin 4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and CD107a. An adequate CMI response was defined as an increase of polyfunctional T cells against both H1N1 and H3N2 strains.

Results
When comparing ICI (n = 11) and cytotoxic chemotherapy (n = 29) groups, H1N1-specific IL-4 or IFN-γ–expressing CD4+ T cells, IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, or CD107a-expressing CD8+ T cells, H3N2-specific IFN-γ–expressing CD4+ T cells, and CD107a-expressing CD8+ T cells were more frequent in the ICI group. Fold changes in polyfunctional H3N2-specific CD4+ (median, 156.0 vs 95.7; P = .005) and CD8+ (155.0 vs 103.4; P = .044) T cells were greater in the ICI group. ICI administration was strongly associated with an adequate CMI response for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P = .003).

Conclusions
CMI responses following influenza vaccination were stronger in the ICI group than in the cytotoxic chemotherapy group. Influenza vaccination should be strongly recommended in patients with cancer receiving ICIs.
Burn Wound Microbiology and the Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates in Three Burn Units of Abbottabad, Pakistan
Authors: Hubab Muhammad , Maab Hira , Hayat Azam , Ur Rehman Mujaddad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Infection is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients and is accentuated multifold by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among the nosocomial isolates. It is vital to know the common organisms involved in infected burn wound etiology and their respective antibiotic susceptibility patterns. These crucial findings can help in formulating a better and more efficient antimicrobial therapy plan for controlling burn wound infections. The current study was conducted to identify the common bacteria involved in causing infections in wounds of burn patients and their respective antibiotic susceptibility patterns in three hospitals of Abbottabad, Pakistan. A total of 100 patients were included from the burn units of three hospitals in Abbottabad. Wound swabs were taken from the deepest portions of infected burns, and the organisms involved were isolated via standard microbiological techniques. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to monitor antibiotic susceptibility. Gram-positive organisms were found readily in infected burn wounds. Staphylococcus aureus (46%) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (17%), Escherichia coli (16%), Proteus spp. (12%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was only 7%. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, and norfloxacin. In contrast, the gram-negative isolates were sensitive to amikacin, chloramphenicol, and nalidixic acid. Pseudomonas was resistant to most of the antibiotics tested in the present study.
Biology, Ecology, and Management of Rednecked Peanutworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Pinto J R L , Boiça A L , Fernandes O A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rednecked peanutworm, Stegasta bosqueella (Chambers), is the main lepidopteran pest in South and Central American peanut fields. The species name was misspelled earlier in the literature and the incorrect name is still more cited. In this review, we revisit the history of S. bosqueella classification. Although the rednecked peanutworm is an important defoliator in some peanut producing countries, there is scarce information on some aspects of the biology as well as plant response to this insect species. Economic threshold levels are not yet well established and, consequently, decision making is compromised. Chemical control is the main tool used to control larval infestations. Moreover, some studies on host plant resistance, biological control, and attract-and-kill strategy were conducted to control the rednecked peanutworm. These tactics were promising and could be useful to enhance a peanut integrated pest management program. We present here a review of S. bosqueella life history, biology, ecology, and management options as well as needs for enhancing the current control strategies.
Human Blood Feeding by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Florida Keys and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Pruszynski Catherine A , Stenn Tanise , Acevedo Carolina , Leal Andrea L , Burkett-Cadena Nathan D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aedes aegypti L. is considered to have a proclivity for feeding on human blood even when other hosts are available. However, few studies have demonstrated host use by this mosquito in the continental United States, where local transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses has been recently documented. This study investigated the bloodmeal sources of female Ae. aegypti in the subtropical city of Key West and the surrounding county in Florida with the goal of identifying preferred hosts. Blood-engorged Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected from BG Sentinel traps used as part of a routine surveillance program in the Florida Keys (Monroe County, Florida). Bloodmeal samples were analyzed using PCR assays, sequencing, and comparison with reference sequences in GenBank. Aedes aegypti females from Key West fed predominantly on humans (79.6%) and did not differ statistically from females collected from the rest of the Florida Keys (69.5%). Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), considered a host generalist, was collected and analyzed from the same sites for comparative purposes. Females of Cx. quinquefasciatus fed predominantly (70.7%) on birds and nonhuman mammals in the Florida Keys, corroborating the validity of molecular assay breadth and demonstrating that given the same group of available hosts Ae. aegypti selects humans. Our results indicated that Ae. aegypti has a high rate of human-biting in a subtropical area within the United States, supporting its role in recent local transmission of dengue and other viruses.