bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation for response to mixed triazole and strobilurin application in diverse maize
Authors: Woore Matthew Smith , Holland James Brendan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStrobilurin and triazole classes of fungicides have been reported to have growth‐regulating effects on crops in the absence of their target pathogens and to increase maize yield. Because the response of maize (Zea mays L.) plants to a commercially marketed mixture of strobilurin and triazole may not be uniform across genotypes, it may be possible to breed selectively for higher yield responses to application of this chemical treatment. To test this hypothesis, diverse samples of maize inbred lines and hybrids were evaluated for response to a combined mixture of a treatment of strobilurin and triazole. Main effects of treatment and genotype and treatment × genotype interactions were measured on agronomic traits including grain yield and several yield components, lodging, and delayed leaf senescence. Hybrid and inbred genotype main effect variation was significant for all measured traits. Favorable main effects of strobilurin and triazole treatment were observed only for leaf senescence and foliar disease, and genotype × treatment interactions were not significant for yield or yield components. Yield was significantly increased only in two inbred varieties and did not correlate with any known pedigree or genetic relationships. These results suggest that breeding to enhance the response to strobilurin and triazole treatment is not likely to be effective in maize.
MOFs Conferred with Transient Metal Centers for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Chen Xiaolang , Xiao Shuning , Wang Hao , Wang Wenchao , Cai Yong , Li Guisheng , Qiao Minghua , Zhu Jian , Li Hexing , Zhang Dieqing , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHighly effective photocatalysts for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction were developed by conferring the linkers of NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti), a metal–organic framework (MOF) constructed from TiOx clusters and 2‐aminoterephthalic acid (linkers), with active copper centers. This design enables effective transfer of electrons from the linkers to the transient Cu2+/Cu+ centers, leading to 7000‐fold and 27‐fold increase of carrier density and lifetime of photogenerated charges, respectively, as well as high‐rate production of H2 under visible‐light irradiation. This work provides a novel design of a photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution using non‐noble Cu2+/Cu+ as co‐catalysts.
Sulfone Group as a Versatile and Removable Directing Group for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Vyas Vijyesh K. , Clarkson Guy J. , Wills Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe sulfone functional group has a strong capacity to direct the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones in the presence of [(arene)Ru(TsDPEN)H] complexes by adopting a position distal to the η6‐arene ring. This preference provides a means for the prediction of the sense of asymmetric reduction. The sulfone group also facilitates the formation of a range of reduction substrates, and its ready removal provides a route to enantiomerically enriched alcohols that would otherwise be extremely difficult to prepare by direct ATH of the corresponding ketones.
Die Iodierung von cyclo‐E5‐Komplexen (E=P, As)
Authors: Brake Helena , Peresypkina Eugenia , Virovets Alexander V. , Piesch Martin , Kremer Werner , Zimmermann Lisa , Klimas Christian , Scheer Manfred 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Eintopfsynthesen mit hohen Ausbeuten führten die Reaktionen von [Cp*M(η5‐P5)] (M=Fe (1), Ru (2)) mit I2 zur selektiven Bildung von [Cp*MP6I6]+‐Salzen (3, 4). Die Produkte enthalten beispiellose all‐cis tripodale Triphosphinocyclotriphosphan‐Liganden. Die Iodierung von [Cp*Fe(η5‐As5)] (6) ergab, zusätzlich zu [Fe(CH3CN)6]2+‐Salzen der seltenen [As6I8]2−‐(in 7) und [As4I14]2−‐(in 8) Anionen, den ersten dikationischen Fe‐As Tripeldecker‐Komplex [(Cp*Fe)2(μ,η5:5‐As5)][As6I8] (9). Demgegenüber führte die Iodierung von [Cp*Ru(η5‐As5)] (10) nicht zur vollständigen Spaltung der M‐As‐Bindungen. Stattdessen wurde eine Anzahl zweikerniger Komplexe erhalten; [(Cp*Ru)2(μ,η5:5‐As5)][As6I8]0.5 (11): repräsentiert den ersten Ru‐As5‐Tripeldecker‐Komplex, womit die Reihe monokationischer Komplexe [(CpRM)2(μ,η5:5‐E5)]+ (M=Fe, Ru; E=P, As) vervollständigt wurde; [(Cp*Ru)2As8I6] (12): kristallisiert als ein razemisches Gemisch beider Enantiomere; während [(Cp*Ru)2As4I4] (13): als ein symmetrisches und ein asymmetrisches Isomer kristallisiert und ein einzigartiges Tetramer aus {AsI}‐Arseniden‐Einheiten als Mitteldeck aufweist.
Trifluoromethyl Sulfoxides: Reagents for Metal‐Free C−H Trifluoromethylthiolation
Authors: Wang Dong , Carlton C. Grace , Tayu Masanori , McDouall Joseph J. W. , Perry Gregory J. P. , Procter David J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTrifluoromethyl sulfoxides are a new class of trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. The sulfoxides engage in metal‐free C−H trifluoromethylthiolation with a range of (hetero)arenes. The method is also applicable to the functionalization of important compound classes, such as ligand derivatives and polyaromatics, and in the late‐stage trifluoromethylthiolation of medicines and agrochemicals. The isolation and characterization of a sulfonium salt intermediate supports an interrupted Pummerer reaction mechanism.
d–d Dative Bonding Between Iron and the Alkaline‐Earth Metals Calcium, Strontium, and Barium
Authors: Stegner Philipp , Färber Christian , Oetzel Jan , Siemeling Ulrich , Wiesinger Michael , Langer Jens , Pan Sudip , Holzmann Nicole , Frenking Gernot , Albold Uta , Sarkar Biprajit , Harder Sjoerd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDouble deprotonation of the diamine 1,1′‐(tBuCH2NH)‐ferrocene (1‐H2) by alkaline‐earth (Ae) or EuIImetal reagents gave the complexes1‐Ae (Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and1‐Eu.1‐Mg crystallized as a monomer while the heavier complexes crystallized as dimers. The Fe⋅⋅⋅Mg distance in1‐Mg is too long for a bonding interaction, but short Fe⋅⋅⋅Ae distances in1‐Ca,1‐Sr, and1‐Ba clearly support intramolecular Fe⋅⋅⋅Ae bonding. Further evidence for interactions is provided by a tilting of the Cp rings and the related1H NMR chemical‐shift difference between the Cp α and β protons. While electrochemical studies are complicated by complex decomposition, UV/Vis spectral features of the complexes support Fe→Ae dative bonding. A comprehensive bonding analysis of all1‐Ae complexes shows that the heavier species1‐Ca,1‐Sr, and1‐Ba possess genuine Fe→Ae bonds which involve vacant d‐orbitals of the alkaline‐earth atoms and partially filled d‐orbitals on Fe. In1‐Mg, a weak Fe→Mg donation into vacant p‐orbitals of the Mg atom is observed.
Size‐Mediated Recurring Spinel Sub‐nanodomains in Li‐ and Mn‐Rich Layered Cathode Materials
Authors: Xiao Biwei , Liu Hanshuo , Chen Ning , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Yu Haijun , Liang Jianwen , Sun Qian , Sham Tsun‐Kong , Li Ruying , Cai Mei , Botton Gianluigi A. , Sun Xueliang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLi‐ and Mn‐rich layered oxides are among the most promising cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries with high theoretical energy density. Its practical application is, however, hampered by the capacity and voltage fade after long cycling. Herein, a finite difference method for near‐edge structure (FDMNES) code was combined with in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and transmission electron microscopy/electron energy loss spectroscopy (TEM/EELS) to investigate the evolution of transition metals (TMs) in fresh and heavily cycled electrodes. Theoretical modeling reveals a recurring partially reversible LiMn2O4‐like sub‐nanodomain formation/dissolution process during each charge/discharge, which accumulates gradually and accounts for the Mn phase transition. From the modeling of spectra and maps of the valence state over large regions of the cathodes, it was found that the phase change is size‐dependent. After prolonged cycling, the TMs displayed different levels of inactivity.
Autonomous Growth of a Spatially Localized Supramolecular Hydrogel with Autocatalytic Ability
Authors: Rodon Fores Jennifer , Criado‐Gonzalez Miryam , Chaumont Alain , Carvalho Alain , Blanck Christian , Schmutz Marc , Boulmedais Fouzia , Schaaf Pierre , Jierry Loïc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAutocatalysis and self‐assembly are key processes in developmental biology and are involved in the emergence of life. In the last decade both of these features were extensively investigated by chemists with the final goal to design synthetic living systems. Herein, we describe the autonomous growth of a self‐assembled soft material, that is, a supramolecular hydrogel, able to sustain its own formation through an autocatalytic mechanism that is not based on any template effect and emerges from a peptide (hydrogelator) self‐assembly. A domino sequence of events starts from an enzymatically triggered peptide generation followed by self‐assembly into catalytic nanofibers that induce and amplify their production over time, resulting in a 3D hydrogel network. A cascade is initiated by traces (10−18 m) of a trigger enzyme, which can be localized allowing for a spatial resolution of this autocatalytic buildup of hydrogel growth, an essential condition on the route towards further cell‐mimic designs.
Transformations of Aryl Ketones via Ligand‐Promoted C−C Bond Activation
Authors: Li Hanyuan , Ma Biao , Liu Qi‐Sheng , Wang Mei‐Ling , Wang Zhen‐Yu , Xu Hui , Li Ling‐Jun , Wang Xing , Dai Hui‐Xiong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe coupling of aromatic electrophiles (aryl halides, aryl ethers, aryl acids, aryl nitriles etc.) with nucleophiles is a core methodology for the synthesis of aryl compounds. Transformations of aryl ketones in an analogous manner via carbon–carbon bond activation could greatly expand the toolbox for the synthesis of aryl compounds due to the abundance of aryl ketones. An exploratory study of this approach is typically based on carbon–carbon cleavage triggered by ring‐strain release and chelation assistance, and the products are also limited to a specific structural motif. Here we report a ligand‐promoted β‐carbon elimination strategy to activate the carbon–carbon bonds, which results in a range of transformations of aryl ketones, leading to useful aryl borates, and also to biaryls, aryl nitriles, and aryl alkenes. The use of a pyridine‐oxazoline ligand is crucial for this catalytic transformation. A gram‐scale borylation reaction of an aryl ketone via a simple one‐pot operation is reported. The potential utility of this strategy is also demonstrated by the late‐stage diversification of drug molecules probenecid, adapalene, and desoxyestrone, the fragrance tonalid as well as the natural product apocynin.
Reduction of Vegetable Oil‐Derived Fatty Acid Methyl Esters toward Fatty Alcohols without the Supply of Gaseous H2
Authors: Vallejo Orrego Alejandro , Ferretti Cristián A. , Díez Verónica K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn alternative route to the conventional one for fatty alcohol synthesis was investigated. It was possible to synthesize lauryl alcohol from methyl laurate via reduction by transfer of hydrogen and hydride in liquid phase, in noncatalytic reactions and without the supply of H2 gaseous. Pure NaBH4 or alumina‐supported NaBH4 and methanol were used as co‐reactants and 100% fatty alcohol selectivities were achieved. The aim of supporting the metal hydride was to increase its stability and achieve the full recovery of the solid at the end of reaction. When alumina‐supported NaBH4 was used, a final fatty alcohol yield of 93% was achieved. The use of methanol and NaBH4 in amounts higher than stoichiometric is important to generate alkoxyborohydride anions which act as better reducing species than NaBH4. The reaction conditions effect was investigated and the role of short carbon chain alcohol structure was elucidated. The effect of fatty acid methyl ester structure was also studied. Fatty acid methyl esters with shorter carbon chain length and without unsaturation (methyl laurate, methyl myristate) were easily reduced using NaBH4/Al2O3 and methanol reaching high conversions and fatty alcohol selectivities. Unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester with longer carbon chain (methyl oleate) introduced steric hindrance which disfavoured interaction between ester and reducing solid surface and fatty acid methyl ester conversion was noticeably lower. A reaction mechanism based on alkoxyborohydride anions as the actual reducing species was proposed. This mechanism fully interprets results obtained during fatty acid methyl ester reduction using short carbon chain alcohols and metal hydride.
Clinical Issues—June 2020
Authors: Seeman Kristyn , Cahn Julie 
Published: May 2020

THIS MONTH
Perioperative personnel with cold sores
Key words: herpes labialis, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), cold sore, infection transmission, surgical mask.
Documenting the use of bone wax
Key words: bone wax, documentation, implant, medical device, electronic health record (EHR).
Using sterile surgical skin markers on veins
Key words: skin marker, isopropyl alcohol, gentian violet, methylene blue, vein.
Documenting solutions used to prepare tissue for implantation
Key words: documentation, preparing tissue, processing tissue, solutions, implantation.
Defining fire
Key words: fire, oxidation, chemical reaction, sentinel event.
Reducing and stabilizing the viscosity of natural rubber by using sugars: Interference of the Maillard reaction between proteins and sugars
Authors: Nimpaiboon Adun , Sriring Manus , Kumarn Sirirat , Sakdapipanich Jitladda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work is an extension of previous work elucidating the reduction and stabilization of solid natural rubber (NR) viscosity by using sugars. Various amounts of glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose were incorporated into fresh NR (FNR), deproteinized NR (DPNR), and synthetic polyisoprene (IR) latexes. The results revealed that all sugars cannot decrease the Mooney viscosity of FNR, while only monosaccharides, that is, glucose and fructose, can significantly decrease the Mooney viscosity of both DPNR and IR by way of a lubrication mechanism. The proteins in FNR can diminish the capability of glucose and fructose to decrease the Mooney viscosity. Furthermore, glucose was found to reduce the occurrence of storage hardening in DPNR by interacting with polar groups of phospholipids at the rubber chain ends. Measurements of browning intensity as well as analysis of Maillard reaction products together with the NR protein–glucose model compound were utilized to confirm that the reduction and stabilization of the viscosity of NR using monosaccharides were interfered by the Maillard reaction between the proteins in NR and the monosaccharides.
Catalytic Enantioselective Radical Transformations Enabled by Visible Light
Authors: Saha Debajyoti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVisible light has been recognized as an economical and environmentally benign source of energy that enables chemoselective molecular activation of chemical reactions and hence reveal a new horizon for the design and discovery of novel chemical transformations. On the other hand, asymmetric catalysis represents an economic method to satisfy the increasing need for enantioenriched compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, combining visible light photocatalysis with asymmetric catalysis creates a wider range of opportunities for the development of mechanistically unique reaction schemes. However, there arise two main problems like undesirable photochemical background reactions and difficulties in controlling the stereochemistry with highly reactive photochemical intermediates which can pose a serious challenge to the development of asymmetric visible light photocatalysis. In recent years, several methods have been developed to overcome these challenges. This review summarizes the recent advances in visible light‐induced enantioselective reactions. We divide our discussion into four categories: Asymmetric photoredox organocatalysis, asymmetric transition metal photoredox catalysis, asymmetric photoredox Lewis acid catalysis and asymmetric photoinduced energy transfer catalysis. Special emphasis has been given to different catalytic activation modes that enable the construction of challenging carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bond in an enantioselective fashion. A brief analysis of substrate scope and limitation as well as reaction mechanism of these reactions has been included.
On coparanormality in distributed supervisory control of discrete‐event systems
Authors: Saeidi Vahid , Afzalian Ali A. , Gharavian Davood 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDecomposition and localization of a supervisor are both reduction methods in distributed supervisory control of discrete‐event systems. Decomposition is employed to reduce the number of events and localization is used to reduce the number of states of local controllers. In decomposition of a supervisor both observation and control scopes are restricted, whereas in localization only control authority is restricted to the corresponding local controller. In this paper, we propose a decomposition method by defining a coparanormality property, and by using the relative observability property of a monolithic supervisor. Coparanormality is a coobservation property defined based on a paranormality property for a set of natural projections. It is shown that each supervisor can be coparanormal, provided a set of appropriate natural projections exist. Moreover, it is proved that relative observability is a sufficient condition to decompose a supervisor. Furthermore, the supervisor localization procedure is generalized to find a set of local controllers for any partition of the controllable events set. The implementation of such local controllers may become easier in industrial systems.
Epitopes of Naturally Acquired and Vaccine‐Induced Anti‐Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Antibodies in Single Amino Acid Resolution
Authors: Heidepriem Jasmin , Krähling Verena , Dahlke Christine , Wolf Timo , Klein Florian , Addo Marylyn M. , Becker Stephan , Loeffler Felix F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Ebola virus (EBOV) can cause severe infections in humans, leading to a fatal outcome in a high percentage of cases. Neutralizing antibodies against the EBOV surface glycoprotein (GP) can prevent infections, demonstrating a straightforward way for an efficient vaccination strategy. Meanwhile, many different anti‐EBOV antibodies have been identified, whereas the exact binding epitopes are often unknown. Here, the analysis of serum samples from an EBOV vaccine trial with the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus‐Zaire ebolavirus (rVSV‐ZEBOV) and an Ebola virus disease survivor, using high‐density peptide arrays, is presented. In this proof‐of‐principle study, distinct IgG and IgM antibodies binding to different epitopes of EBOV GP is detected: By mapping the whole GP as overlapping peptide fragments, new epitopes and confirmed epitopes from the literature are found. Furthermore, the highly selective binding epitope of a neutralizing monoclonal anti‐EBOV GP antibody could be validated. This shows that peptide arrays can be a valuable tool to study the humoral immune response to vaccines in patients and to support Ebola vaccine development.
Improved two‐stage protein expression and purification via autoinduction of both autolysis and auto DNA/RNA hydrolysis conferred by phage lysozyme and DNA/RNA endonuclease
Authors: Menacho‐Melgar Romel , Moreb Eirik A. , Efromson John P. , Yang Tian , Hennigan Jennifer N. , Wang Ruixin , Lynch Michael D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report improved release of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli, which relies on combined cellular autolysis and DNA/RNA autohydrolysis, conferred by the tightly controlled autoinduction of both phage lysozyme and the nonspecific DNA/RNA endonuclease from Serratia marcescens. Autoinduction occurs in a two‐stage process wherein heterologous protein expression and autolysis enzymes are induced upon entry into stationary phase by phosphate depletion. Cytoplasmic lysozyme and periplasmic endonuclease are kept from inducing lysis until membrane integrity is disrupted. After cell harvest, the addition of detergent (0.1% Triton X‐100) and a single 30 min freeze‐thaw cycle results in >90% release of protein, green fluorescent protein. This cellular lysis is accompanied by complete oligonucleotide hydrolysis. The approach has been validated for shake flask cultures, high‐throughput cultivation in microtiter plates, and larger scale stirred‐tank bioreactors. This tightly controlled system enables robust growth and resistance to lysis in routine media when cells are propagated and autolysis/hydrolysis genes are only induced upon phosphate depletion.
A spreadsheet‐based tool for education of chemical process simulation and control fundamentals
Authors: Nachtigalova Iva , Finkeova Jana , Krbcova Zuzana , Souskova Hana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper describes Process Simulation and Control (PSIC), a user‐friendly Excel add‐in application, for studying process dynamics and designing simple control systems, through modeling and simulation in the time domain. It is an interactive tool for education, which utilizes a well‐known spreadsheet environment. It has been designed to help bachelor students of Chemistry understand the behavior of basic chemical engineering systems and basic principles of feedback control, without the need to program in Visual Basic for Applications or to understand Laplace transformation. PSIC allows students to build dynamic simulation models of liquid storage systems, heat or mass transfer processes, chemical and biochemical reactors, and many more systems. PSIC can simulate systems consisting of up to 10 ordinary differential equations of the first order, with up to 25 quantities. Optionally, simulation models can be connected to a feedback proportional–integral–derivative controller into a configurable regulatory loop. The use of PSIC is illustrated in the simulation and control of an electrically heated water heater.
Conservative management of fifth metacarpal head fracture in a professional cricketer: A case study and literature review
Authors: Pandya Tej , Dale Susan , Donnison Ella , Kluzek Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis is a unique presentation of common injury in a young professional athlete. The sensitivity of typical acute clinical signs in athletes is not known. Adequate splinting and early graded mobilization are key for successful rehabilitation, which was shorter than reported in the literature.
FeIII and FeII Phosphasalen Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Application for 2‐Naphthol Oxidative Coupling
Authors: Oheix Emmanuel , Herrero Christian , Moutet Jules , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Cordier Marie , Guillot Régis , Bourcier Sophie , Banse Frédéric , Sénéchal‐David Katell , Auffrant Audrey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and characterization of three iron(III) phosphasalen complexes, [FeIII(Psalen)(X)] differing in the nature of the counter‐anion/exogenous ligand (X−=Cl−, NO3−, OTf−), as well as the neutral iron(II) analogue, [FeII(Psalen)]. Phosphasalen (Psalen) differs from salen by the presence of iminophosphorane (P=N) functions in place of the imines. All the complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis, EPR, and cyclic voltammetry. The [FeII(Psalen)] complex was shown to remain tetracoordinated even in coordinating solvent but surprisingly exhibits a magnetic moment in line with a FeII high‐spin ground state. For the FeIII complexes, the higher lability of triflate anion compared to nitrate was demonstrated. As they exhibit lower reduction potentials compared to their salen analogues, these complexes were tested for the coupling of 2‐naphthol using O2 from air as oxidant. In order to shed light on this reaction, the interaction between 2‐naphthol and the FeIII(Psalen) complexes was studied by cyclic voltammetry as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy.