bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia with and without obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a comparative analysis of performance on trail making test and disability on WHODAS
Authors: Singh Apala , Beniwal Ram Pratap , Bhatia Triptish , Deshpande Smita Neelkanth 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundPresence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) affects performance on tests of some cognitive functions, such as the trail making test (TMT), and may affect the level of disability in schizophrenia (SZ).AimsThe aim of the present study was to compare performance on TMT and disability on WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) in persons with SZ with and without OCS in a cross-sectional study.MethodsPersons with SZ (n=200) fulfilling DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) diagnostic criteria were assessed on Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) and divided into two groups based on presence or absence of OCS. TMT and WHODAS V.2.0 were applied. The two groups as a whole, as well as a subsample matched on age, gender and age of onset were compared.ResultsOut of 200 persons with SZ, 37 (18.5%) reported OCS. The OCS group took a significantly longer mean time to complete TMT-A (Z=−3.02, p=0.003) as well as TMT-B (Z=-3.551, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between TMT-A and total YBOCS Scores (r=0.351, p=0.033), as well as TMT-A and YBOCS compulsion scores (r=0.404, p=0.013) but not with TMT-B Scores. The OCS group reported greater disability in all domains separately as well as on average WHODAS Scores (Z=−5.969, p<0.001). Significant correlations were found between YBOCS obsession scores and YBOCS total scores with average WHODAS Scores (r=0.614, p<0.001 and r=0.406, p=0.013, respectively). We obtained essentially similar results with the matched subsample as well as with the entire group.ConclusionPersons with SZ and comorbid OCS had significantly poorer performance on TMTs and greater disability in comparison to persons with SZ alone. Magnitude of disability correlated with severity of OCS.
Cross-talk between the gut microbiota and monocyte-like macrophages mediates an inflammatory response to promote colitis-associated tumourigenesis
Authors: Yang Yunben , Li Lili , Xu Chunjing , Wang Yunke , Wang Zhen , Chen Mengyao , Jiang Zhou , Pan Jun , Yang Chenghui , Li Xiaoqian , Song Kai , Yan Junfeng , Xie Wanglan , Wu Xianguo , Chen Zhigang , Yuan Ying , Zheng Shu , Yan Jun , Huang Jian , Qiu Fuming 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveMacrophages are among the most abundant cells in the colon tumour microenvironment, and there is a close relationship among monocytes, macrophages and the gut microbiota. Alterations in the gut microbiota are involved in tumour development, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aim to elucidate the temporal changes in macrophage subsets and functions, and how these dynamics are regulated by microbial cues in the initiation of colitis-associated cancer.DesignA mouse model of colitis-associated tumourigenesis was established to determine macrophage dynamics. The role of monocyte-like macrophage (MLM) was confirmed by targeting its chemotaxis. The effects of the gut microbiota were assessed by antibiotic treatment and faecal microbiota transplantation.ResultsA selective increase in MLMs was observed in the initial stages of colitis-associated cancer, with an enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines. MLM accumulation was regulated by CCL2 expression of colonic epithelial cells, which was influenced by bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS further stimulated interleukin 1β production from MLMs, inducing interleukin-17-producing T-helper cell activation to promote inflammation. These observations were also supported by altered microbial composition associated with human colitis and colorectal cancer, evolving transcriptional signature and immune response during human colitis-associated tumourigenesis.ConclusionsThe gut microbiota uses LPS as a trigger to regulate MLM accumulation in a chemokine-dependent manner and generate a precancerous inflammatory milieu to facilitate tumourigenesis.
In vivo PET imaging of neuroinflammation in familial frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Malpetti Maura , Rittman Timothy , Jones Peter Simon , Cope Thomas Edmund , Passamonti Luca , Bevan-Jones William Richard , Patterson Karalyn , Fryer Tim D , Hong Young T , Aigbirhio Franklin I , O'Brien John Tiernan , Rowe James Benedict 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionWe report in vivo patterns of neuroinflammation and abnormal protein aggregation in seven cases of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with mutations in MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 genes.MethodsUsing positron emission tomography (PET), we explored the association of the distribution of activated microglia, as measured by the radioligand [11C]PK11195, and the regional distribution of tau or TDP-43 pathology, indexed using the radioligand [18F]AV-1451. The familial FTD PET data were compared with healthy controls.ResultsPatients with familial FTD across all mutation groups showed increased [11C]PK11195 binding predominantly in frontotemporal regions, with additional regions showing abnormalities in individuals. Patients with MAPT mutations had a consistent distribution of [18F]AV-1451 binding across the brain, with heterogeneous distributions among carriers of GRN and C9orf72 mutations.DiscussionThis case series suggests that neuroinflammation is part of the pathophysiology of familial FTD, warranting further consideration of immunomodulatory therapies for disease modification and prevention.
Endovascular recanalization for symptomatic non-acute middle cerebral artery occlusion: proposal of a new angiographic classification
Authors: Gao Feng , Guo Xu , Han Ju , Sun Xuan , Zhou Zhenhua , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundEndovascular recanalization for medically refractory non-acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion remains a clinical dilemma, and limited data are available. We report the multicenter clinical results of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic non-acute MCA occlusion and propose a new angiographic classification to explore which subgroups of patients are most suitable for this treatment.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2019, 50 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular recanalization for recurrent symptomatic non-acute MCA occlusion were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into three types according to the angiographic classification. The technical success rate, periprocedural complications, rate of stroke or death within 30 days, and follow-up results were evaluated.ResultsThe overall technical success rate was 84.0% (42/50). The perioperative complication rate was 14.0% (7/50), and the rate of stroke or death within 30 days was 12.0% (6/50). The revascularization success rate was higher in patients with type I occlusion than in those with type II or type III occlusion (95.5%, 83.3%, and 60%, respectively; p=0.014), and the opposite was true for the perioperative complication rate (4.5%, 11.1%, and 40.0%, respectively; p=0.013). The median clinical follow-up period was 13.4 months (IQR 12.5–15.6), and the rate of stroke or death beyond 30 days was 8.3%.ConclusionsEndovascular recanalization for non-acute MCA occlusion is technically feasible in reasonably selected patients, especially type I patients, and has potential as an alternative option for patients with recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack in the short term despite optimal medical therapy.
Factors associated with sexually transmitted infection diagnosis in women who have sex with women, women who have sex with men and women who have sex with both
Authors: Rahman Nazia , Ghanem Khalil G , Gilliams Elizabeth , Page Kathleen R , Tuddenham Susan 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionMany US women report same sex behaviour, yet data on risk factors and STIs in women who have sex with women (WSW), women who have sex with both men and women (WSB) and how these compare to women who have sex with men only (WSM) remain limited. Here we compared self-identified WSW, WSB and WSM attending two STI clinics in Baltimore, Maryland.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis using a database of first clinic visits 2005–2016. WSW and WSB were compared with an age-matched random sample of WSM. Proportions were compared using the χ2test. Acute STI (aSTI) was defined as gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, GC), chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis, CT), trichomonas (Trichomonas vaginalis,TV) or early syphilis. Logistic regression was used to assess aSTI predictors. CT testing was not uniformly done, so a sensitivity analysis removing CT from the aSTI definition was conducted.ResultsVisits from 1095 WSW, 1678 WSB and 2773 WSM were analysed. WSB had equal or higher test positivity for all STIs except urogenital chlamydia, had more sexual partners, were more likely to engage in transactional sex and were more likely to report drug use and binge drinking than WSM (p≤0.01). WSW had lower test positivity for urogenital GC and CT than WSM or WSB, but comparable test positivity for TV, higher reported binge drinking and comparable reported substance use as WSM. Younger age and cocaine use predicted STI diagnosis only in WSM.ConclusionsWSB in these clinics bear an equal or higher burden of most STIs, have more partners and report more substance use than WSM. WSW carry a lower, but still substantial burden of STIs, and many report substance use. Factors predicting STI diagnosis differ between WSW, WSB and WSM suggesting that tailored STI prevention and testing approaches are needed in these groups.
Biomechanical Evaluation Comparing Pulvertaft Weave and Side-to-Side Tenorrhaphy Using Porcine Tendons
Authors: Sajid Soha , Day Emily , Kuiper Jan Herman , Singh Rohit , Pickard Simon 
Published: October 2020

Background: Pulvertaft Weave (PTW) is an established method of tenorrhapy in tendon transfers. Previous studies have suggested that a Side-to-Side (STS) tenorrhapy is easier to perform has the same advantages and has greater load to failure, ultimate load and stiffness compared to PTW. However, there is insufficient data comparing behaviour of STS and PTW during cyclical loading. The aim of this study is to compare these two methods in terms of creep after cyclic landing. Methods: Fresh porcine flexor digitorum tendons were used. Ten tendon PTW and ten STS repairs were performed. Cross sectional diameter was measured. The tendon repairs were tested by applying tension up to 25N for 100 cycles, followed by tension up to 75N for 100 cycles, followed by loading to failure. Force-displacement data was used to determine the creep of the repaired tendon. Results: All tendons survived 100 cycles of loading at 25N. After 1 cycle of loading, the mean cyclic creep in the PTW group was almost 3 mm larger than in the STS group (p = 0.046). After 100 cycles, the mean cyclic creep in the PTW group was 4.4 mm larger (p = 0.008). The cyclic creep rate was significantly larger in the PTW group (p < 0.001). All STS but only four PTW repairs survived after cyclic loading at 75N (p = 0.01). After 1 cycle and 100 cycles, mean creep of the surviving PTW samples was almost 7 mm (p = 0.006) and almost 9 mm (p = 0.004) larger than the STS group. The mean load to failure was four times larger in the STS group than the PTW group (p = 0.004). Conclusions: STS repairs have a significantly smaller permanent elongation after cyclic loading at 25N and 75N, a significantly smaller cyclic creep rate, require a significantly larger load to fail. This implies that STS repairs are less likely to elongate after cyclic loading and can withstand greater loads. These properties can be valuable in allowing patients to commence mobilisation immediately after surgery.
Ulnar Shortening Osteotomy for Ulnar Abutment Syndrome: The Results of Metaphyseal and Diaphyseal Osteotomies
Authors: Imai Hirofumi , Takahara Masatoshi , Kondo Mikiro 
Published: October 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to report the results of metaphyseal and diaphyseal ulnar shortening osteotomies (USO) for the treatment of ulnar abutment syndrome (UAS). Methods: From 2011 to 2016, we performed metaphyseal USO in 8 patients (8 wrists) and diaphyseal USO in 6 patients (7 wrists). The results were investigated in terms of bone union and cast immobilization, wrist and forearm range of motion (ROM). The mean follow-up duration was 29 months. Results: All 14 patients had bone union. The mean duration of bone union in metaphyseal USO and diaphyseal USO were 3.5 months and 4.3 months and the duration of cast immobilization after surgery were 24.2 days and 29.2 days. The mean forearm ROM (degree) were 134.3 (pronation/supination: 66.7/67.6) and 169.3 (pronation/supination: 84.3/85.0) at 3 months after surgery and 173.4 (pronation/supination: 86.0/87.4) and 172.8 (pronation/supination: 87.1/85.7) at 6 months after surgery. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that metaphyseal osteotomies are an effective alternative to diaphyseal osteotomies for the treatment of ulnar abutment syndrome. Although metaphyseal osteotomies were associated with temporary decrease of pronation, this discrepancy resolved at 6 months postoperatively. Metaphyseal USO has the potential to promote primary bone union and appears to be an alternative treatment for UAS.
Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Chronic Inflammation Promotes Tobacco Carcinogen–Induced Lung Cancer and Determines the Efficacy of Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Chia-Hsin , Chen Zhong , Chen Kong , Liao Fu-Tien , Chung Chia-En , Liu Xiaoping , Lin Yu-Chun , Keohavong Phouthone , Leikauf George D. , Di Yuanpu Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an inflammatory disease that is associated with increased risk of lung cancer. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections are frequent in patients with COPD, which increase lung inflammation and acute exacerbations. However, the influences of PA-induced inflammation on lung tumorigenesis and the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade remain unknown. In this study, we initiated a murine model of lung cancer by treating FVB/NJ female mice with tobacco carcinogen nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) alone or in combination with PA-lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-mediated chronic inflammation induced T-cell exhaustion, increased the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) axis, and enhanced NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis through an immunosuppressive microenvironment characterized by accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells. Anti–PD-1 antibody treatment reduced tumors in NNK/LPS-treated mice with a 10-week LPS treatment but failed to inhibit tumor growth when LPS exposure was prolonged to 16 weeks. Anti-Ly6G antibody treatment coupled with depletion of MDSC alone reduced tumor growth; when combined with anti–PD-1 antibody, this treatment further enhanced antitumor activity in 16-week NNK/LPS-treated mice. Immune gene signatures from a human lung cancer dataset of PD-1 blockade were identified, which predicted treatment responses and survival outcome and overlapped with those from the mouse model. This study demonstrated that LPS-mediated chronic inflammation creates a favorable immunosuppressive microenvironment for tumor progression and correlates with the efficacy of anti–PD-1 treatment in mice. Immune gene signatures overlap with human and mouse lung tumors, providing potentially predictive markers for patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Significance:
This study identifies an immune gene signature that predicts treatment responses and survival in patients with tobacco carcinogen–induced lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Hyaloid Vasculature as a Major Source of STAT3
+
(Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) Myeloid Cells for Pathogenic Retinal Neovascularization in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy
Authors: Hombrebueno Jose R. , Lynch Aisling , Byrne Eimear M. , Obasanmi Gideon , Kissenpfennig Adrien , Chen Mei , Xu Heping 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Myeloid cells are critically involved in inflammation-induced angiogenesis, although their pathogenic role in the ischemic retina remains controversial. We hypothesize that myeloid cells contribute to pathogenic neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity through STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) activation.

Approach and Results:

Using the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy, we show that myeloid cells (CD45
+
IsolectinB4 [IB4]
+
) and particularly M2-type macrophages (CD45
+
Arg1
+
), comprise a major source of STAT3 activation (pSTAT3) in the immature ischemic retina. Most of the pSTAT3-expressing myeloid cells concentrated at the hyaloid vasculature and their numbers were strongly correlated with the severity of pathogenic neovascular tuft formation. Pharmacological inhibition of STAT3 reduced the load of IB4
+
cells in the hyaloid vasculature and significantly reduced the formation of pathogenic neovascular tufts during oxygen-induced retinopathy, leading to improved long-term visual outcomes (ie, increased retinal thickness and scotopic b-wave electroretinogram responses). Genetic deletion of SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3), an endogenous inhibitor of STAT3, in myeloid cells, enhanced pathological and physiological neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy, indicating that myeloid-STAT3 signaling is crucial for retinal angiogenesis.

Conclusions:
Circulating myeloid cells may migrate to the immature ischemic retina through the hyaloid vasculature and contribute to retinal neovascularization via activation of STAT3. Understanding how STAT3 modulates myeloid cells for vascular repair/pathology may provide novel therapeutic options in pathogenic angiogenesis.
Association Between Hepatic Triglyceride Content and Coagulation Factors
Authors: Morelli Vânia M. , de Mutsert Renée , de Roos Albert , Lamb Hildo J. , van Hylckama Vlieg Astrid , Bos Mettine H.A. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Lijfering Willem M. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Whether hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC) contributes to hypercoagulability beyond total body fat (TBF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is unclear. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the association between HTGC and coagulation factors (F)I (fibrinogen), VIII, IX, and XI while adjusting for TBF and VAT.

Approach and Results:
In this cross-sectional analysis of the NEO study (Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity; n=6671), a random subset of participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess VAT and HTGC (n=2580). We excluded participants without complete imaging and coagulation assessment, and with history of liver disease, venous thrombosis, or on anticoagulation. Mean differences in coagulation factor levels across HTGC quartiles were estimated by linear regression adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, alcohol intake, physical activity, smoking, estrogen, and menopause, in addition to TBF and VAT. Among the 1946 participants included, median HTGC was 2.66% (interquartile range: 1.34%–6.27%). Coagulation factor levels increased dose-dependently across HTGC quartiles. Mean differences between the fourth and first quartiles were 14.7 mg/dL (95% CI, 2.1–27.2) for fibrinogen, 6.7 IU/dL (95% CI, 0.5–12.9) for FVIII, 26.1 IU/dL (95% CI, 22.4–29.8) for FIX, and 8.6 IU/dL (95% CI, 4.6–12.6) for FXI. With further adjustment for TBF and VAT, the dose-response association of HTGC with FIX persisted, whereas associations with other factors disappeared.

Conclusions:
HTGC was associated with various coagulation factors, of which FIX remained associated with HTGC after adjustment for TBF and VAT. HTGC might contribute to venous thrombosis risk beyond total body and visceral fat through FIX levels.
Abnormal Pulmonary Venous Filling: An Adjunct Feature in the Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiogram Assessment of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Gopalan Deepa , Nordgren‐Rogberg Anna , Le Elizabeth Phuong Vi , Pavey Holly , Tarkin Jason , Nyrén Sven , Auger William , Lindholm Peter 
Published: October 2020

Background
Hypodense filling defects within the pulmonary veins on computed tomography described as pulmonary vein sign (PVS) have been noted in acute pulmonary embolism and shown to be associated with poor prognosis. We evaluated venous flow abnormalities in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) to determine its usefulness in the computed tomography assessment of CTEPH.

Methods and Results

Blinded retrospective computed tomography analysis of 50 proximal CTEPH cases and 3 control groups—50 acute pulmonary embolism, 50 nonthromboembolic cohort, and 50 pulmonary arterial hypertension. Venous flow reduction was assessed by the following: (1) presence of a filling defect of at least 2 cm in a pulmonary vein draining into the left atrium, and (2) left atrium attenuation (>160 Hounsfield units). PVS was most prevalent in CTEPH. Compared with all controls, sensitivity and specificity of PVS for CTEPH is 78.0% and 85.3% (95% CI, 64.0–88.5 and 78.6–90.6, respectively) versus 34.0% and 70.7% (95% CI, 21.2−48.8 and 62.7–77.8) in acute pulmonary embolism, 8.0% and 62% (95% CI, 2.2–19.2 and 53.7–69.8) in nonthromboembolic and 2.0% and 60% (95% CI, 0.1−10.7 and 51.7−67.9) in pulmonary arterial hypertension. In CTEPH, lobar and segmental arterial occlusive disease was most commonly associated with corresponding absent venous flow. PVS detection was highly reproducible (Kappa=0.96, 95% CI, 0.90–1.01,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
PVS is easy to detect with higher sensitivity and specificity in CTEPH compared with acute pulmonary embolism and is not a feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Asymmetric enhancement of pulmonary veins may serve as an additional parameter in the computed tomography assessment of CTEPH and can be used to differentiate CTEPH from pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Utility of Apical Lung Assessment on Computed Tomography Angiography as a COVID-19 Screen in Acute Stroke
Authors: Esenwa Charles , Lee Ji-Ae , Nisar Taha , Shmukler Anna , Goldman Inessa , Zampolin Richard , Hsu Kevin , Labovitz Daniel , Altschul David , Haramati Linda B. 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Evaluation of the lung apices using computed tomography angiography of the head and neck during acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can provide the first objective opportunity to screen for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods:
We performed an analysis assessing the utility of apical lung exam on computed tomography angiography for COVID-19–specific lung findings in 57 patients presenting with AIS. We measured the diagnostic accuracy of apical lung assessment alone and in combination with patient-reported symptoms and incorporate both to propose a COVID-19 era AIS algorithm.

Results:
Apical lung assessment when used in isolation, yielded a sensitivity of 0.67, specificity of 0.93, positive predictive value of 0.19, negative predictive value of 0.99, and accuracy of 0.92 for the diagnosis of COVID-19, in patients presenting to the hospital for AIS. When combined with self-reported clinical symptoms of cough or shortness of breath, sensitivity of apical lung assessment improved to 0.83.

Conclusions:
Apical lung assessment on computed tomography angiography is an accurate screening tool for COVID-19 and can serve as part of a combined screening approach in AIS.