bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cells in cancer initiation and progression
Authors: Bajaj Jeevisha , Diaz Emily , Reya Tannishtha 
Published: December 2019

While standard therapies can lead to an initial remission of aggressive cancers, they are often only a transient solution. The resistance and relapse that follows is driven by tumor heterogeneity and therapy-resistant populations that can reinitiate growth and promote disease progression. There is thus a significant need to understand the cell types and signaling pathways that not only contribute to cancer initiation, but also those that confer resistance and drive recurrence. Here, we discuss work showing that stem cells and progenitors may preferentially serve as a cell of origin for cancers, and that cancer stem cells can be key in driving the continued growth and functional heterogeneity of established cancers. We also describe emerging evidence for the role of developmental signals in cancer initiation, propagation, and therapy resistance and discuss how targeting these pathways may be of therapeutic value.
Distinct antiblockade features of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms under a two-color weak excitation scheme
Authors: Bai Suying , Tian Xuedong , Han Xiaoxuan , Jiao Yuechun , Wu Jinhui , Zhao Jianming , Jia Suotang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We present distinct antiblockade features of strongly interacting 64D
5/2 Rydberg atoms employing a two-color excitation scheme. The first color (pulse A) is set to resonantly excite a few seed Rydberg atoms, each of which establishes a blockade region due to the long-range multipole interactions. The second color (pulse B) is blue detuned so that the multipole-interaction-induced shifts of certain atoms are well compensated to result in the antiblockade effect. We find in particular that a few seed atoms can lead to a remarkable difference of the Rydberg excitation in the presence of pulse B for a wide range of blue detuning. Relevant dynamics of this antiblockade excitation is also investigated by varying the pulse-B duration for a fixed blue detuning, further confirming the facilitation process of Rydberg excitation accompanied by a saturation effect. These experimental results can be well recovered by theoretical simulations based on a multilevel two-body model.
Regime shift of the hydroclimate–vegetation system in the Yellow River Delta of China from 1982 through 2015
Authors: Niu Beibei , Zhang Zixuan , Yu Xinyang , Li Xinju , Wang Zhen , Loáiciga Hugo A , Peng Sha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Yellow River Delta (YRD) has been experiencing substantial climatic, hydrological, and anthropogenic stresses, and a sound understanding of the regime shift in its hydroclimate–vegetation system is of fundamental importance for maintaining the health and stability of its regional ecosystems. This study constructs and analyzes a 34-year-dataset (1982–2015) of hydro–climatic variables and satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the YRD. A seasonal-trend decomposition technique based on loess (STL), and a structural change analysis were coupled to detect regime shifts of regional hydroclimate and vegetation in the YRD from 1982 through to 2015. During this period the YRD exhibited a significant warmer–drier–greening trend and experienced four regime shifts of its hydroclimate–vegetation system, with the four shift periods roughly centered in 1989, 1998, 2004, and 2012. Partial correlation analysis revealed that temperature was the dominant factor promoting vegetative growth in spring and autumn (all PNDVI-TEM greater than 0.65), and streamflow impacted the NDVI mainly in summer. Temperature and precipitation were the dominant controls of vegetative growth during the growing season prior to 2002, and thereafter precipitation and streamflow alternately became the main moisture-influencing factors of vegetative growth. Streamflow played an important complementary role on vegetative growth, particularly in near riverine areas when drought exceeds a certain threshold. Additionally, climate shifts determined the changing trend of NDVI across the region, while the effect of land use change is localized and predominant in the northeastern part of the study region. These findings offer an insight into appropriate water regulation of the Yellow River and on climatic adaptation within the YRD.
Monitoring hydropower reliability in Malawi with satellite data and machine learning
Authors: Falchetta Giacomo , Kasamba Chisomo , Parkinson Simon C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hydro-climatic extremes can affect the reliability of electricity supply, in particular in countries that depend greatly on hydropower or cooling water and have a limited adaptive capacity. Assessments of the vulnerability of the power sector and of the impact of extreme events are thus crucial for decision-makers, and yet often they are severely constrained by data scarcity. Here, we introduce and validate an energy-climate-water framework linking remotely-sensed data from multiple satellite missions and instruments (TOPEX/POSEIDON. OSTM/Jason, VIIRS, MODIS, TMPA, AMSR-E) and field observations. The platform exploits random forests regression algorithms to mitigate data scarcity and predict river discharge variability when ungauged. The validated predictions are used to assess the impact of hydroclimatic extremes on hydropower reliability and on the final use of electricity in urban areas proxied by nighttime light radiance variation. We apply the framework to the case of Malawi for the periods 2000–2018 and 2012–2018 for hydrology and power, respectively. Our results highlight the significant impact of hydro-climatic variability and dry extremes on both the supply of electricity and its final use. We thus show that a modelling framework based on open-access data from satellites, machine learning algorithms, and regression analysis can mitigate data scarcity and improve the understanding of vulnerabilities. The proposed approach can support long-term infrastructure development monitoring and identify vulnerable populations, in particular under a changing climate.
Instability of the Kolmogorov flow in a wall-bounded domain
Authors: Chen Zhi-Min 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) experiment performed by Bondarenko and his co-workers in 1979, the Kolmogorov flow loses stability and transits into a secondary steady state flow at the Reynolds number R = O(103), as Hartmann boundary layer friction dominates the energy dissipation of the fluid motion. This problem is modelled as a two-dimensional MHD flow bounded between horizontal walls under slip wall boundary condition. However, the rigorous analysis showing the existence of the secondary steady state flow was missing in earlier investigations and has now been established. The theoretical solution has a very good agreement with the flow measured in laboratory experiment at R = O(103). Further transition of the secondary flow is observed numerically. Especially, well developed turbulence arises at R = O(104) via an inverse energy cascade scenario.
FunGeCo: a web-based tool for estimation of functional potential of bacterial genomes and microbiomes using gene context information
Authors: Anand Swadha , Kuntal Bhusan K , Mohapatra Anwesha , Bhatt Vineet , Mande Sharmila S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Functional potential of genomes and metagenomes which are inferred using homology-based methods are often subjected to certain limitations, especially for proteins with homologs which function in multiple pathways. Augmenting the homology information with genomic location of the constituent genes can significantly improve the accuracy of estimated functions. This can help in distinguishing cognate homolog belonging to a candidate pathway from its other homologs functional in different pathways.

Results
In this article, we present a web-based analysis platform ‘FunGeCo’ to enable gene-context-based functional inference for microbial genomes and metagenomes. It is expected to be a valuable resource and complement the existing tools for understanding the functional potential of microbes which reside in an environment.

Availability and implementation
https://web.rniapps.net/fungeco [Freely available for academic use].

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Dynamic borrowing in the presence of treatment effect heterogeneity
Authors: Kotalik Ales , Vock David M , Donny Eric C , Hatsukami Dorothy K , Koopmeiners Joseph S 
Published: December 2019

Summary
A number of statistical approaches have been proposed for incorporating supplemental information in randomized clinical trials. Existing methods often compare the marginal treatment effects to evaluate the degree of consistency between sources. Dissimilar marginal treatment effects would either lead to increased bias or down-weighting of the supplemental data. This represents a limitation in the presence of treatment effect heterogeneity, in which case the marginal treatment effect may differ between the sources solely due to differences between the study populations. We introduce the concept of covariate-adjusted exchangeability, in which differences in the marginal treatment effect can be explained by differences in the distributions of the effect modifiers. The potential outcomes framework is used to conceptualize covariate-adjusted and marginal exchangeability. We utilize a linear model and the existing multisource exchangeability models framework to facilitate borrowing when marginal treatment effects are dissimilar but covariate-adjusted exchangeability holds. We investigate the operating characteristics of our method using simulations. We also illustrate our method using data from two clinical trials of very low nicotine content cigarettes. Our method has the ability to incorporate supplemental information in a wider variety of situations than when only marginal exchangeability is considered.
Carbon capture and storage in the USA: the role of US innovation leadership in climate-technology commercialization
Authors: Beck Lee 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To limit global warming and mitigate climate change, the global economy needs to decarbonize and reduce emissions to net-zero by mid-century. The asymmetries of the global energy system necessitate the deployment of a suite of decarbonization technologies and an all-of-the-above approach to deliver the steep CO2-emissions reductions necessary. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies that capture CO2 from industrial and power-plant point sources as well as the ambient air and store them underground are largely seen as needed to address both the flow of emissions being released and the stock of CO2 already in the atmosphere. Despite the pressing need to commercialize the technologies, their large-scale deployment has been slow. Initial deployment, however, could lead to near-term cost reduction and technology proliferation, and lowering of the overall system cost of decarbonization. As of November 2019, more than half of global large-scale CCS facilities are in the USA, thanks to a history of sustained government support for the technologies. Recently, the USA has seen a raft of new developments on the policy and project side signaling a reinvigorated push to commercialize the technology. Analysing these recent developments using a policy-priorities framework for CCS commercialization developed by the Global CCS Institute, the paper assesses the USA’s position to lead large-scale deployment of CCS technologies to commercialization. It concludes that the USA is in a prime position due to the political economic characteristics of its energy economy, resource wealth and innovation-driven manufacturing sector.
Darunavir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide in a Rapid-Initiation Model of Care for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Primary Analysis of the DIAMOND Study
Authors: Huhn Gregory D , Crofoot Gordon , Ramgopal Moti , Gathe Joseph , Bolan Robert , Luo Donghan , Simonson Richard Bruce , Nettles Richard E , Benson Carmela , Dunn Keith 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Most guidelines recommend rapid treatment initiation for patients with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but prospective US data are limited. The DIAMOND (NCT03227861) study using darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg is a phase 3 prospective study evaluating efficacy/safety of a single-tablet regimen in a rapid-initiation model of care.

Methods
Adults aged ≥18 years began D/C/F/TAF ≤14 days from diagnosis without screening/baseline results; as results became available, participants not meeting predefined safety/resistance stopping rules continued. Primary endpoint was virologic response (HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL; intent-to-treat; US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] snapshot) at week 48; participant satisfaction was measured via the HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version (HIVTSQs).

Results
Of 109 participants, 87% were male, 32% black/African American, median (range) age was 28 (range, 19–66) years, 25% of participants had HIV-1 RNA ≥100 000 copies/mL, 21% had CD4+ cell count &lt;200 cells/µL, and 31% enrolled ≤48 hours from diagnosis. At week 48, 97 (89%) participants completed the study and 92 (84%) achieved HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL (FDA snapshot). There were no protocol-defined virologic failures; incidences of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (33%) were low, no serious AEs were study drug related, and 1 (&lt;1%) participant discontinued due to study drug related AE(s). The overall HIVTSQs score at week 48 was 58 (maximum: 60).

Conclusions
At week 48, a high proportion of participants starting D/C/F/TAF achieved HIV-1 RNA &lt;50 copies/mL and very few discontinued therapy. D/C/F/TAF was well tolerated, no participants discontinued due to baseline resistance stopping criteria, and high treatment satisfaction among participants was recorded.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03227861.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Care Continuum Outcomes and HCV Community Viral Loads Among Patients in an Opioid Treatment Program
Authors: Jordan Ashly E , Cleland Charles M , Schackman Bruce R , Wyka Katarzyna , Perlman David C , Nash Denis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) remains endemic among people who use drugs (PWUD). Measures of HCV community viral load (CVL) and HCV care continuum outcomes may be valuable for ascertaining unmet treatment need and for HCV surveillance and control.

Methods
Data from patients in an opioid treatment program during 2013–2016 were used to (1) identify proportions of antibody and viral load (VL) tested, linked-to-care, and treated, in 2013–2014 and 2015–2016, and pre- and postimplementation of qualitative reflex VL testing; (2) calculate engaged-in-care HCV CVL and “documented” and “estimated” unmet treatment need; and (3) examine factors associated with linkage-to-HCV-care.

Results
Among 11 267 patients, proportions of HCV antibody tested (52.5% in 2013–2014 vs 73.3% in 2015–2016), linked-to-HCV-care (15.7% vs 51.8%), and treated (12.0% vs 44.7%) all increased significantly. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with less linkage-to-care, and Manhattan residence was associated with improved linkage-to-care. The overall engaged-in-care HCV CVL was 4 351 079 copies/mL (standard deviation = 7 149 888); local HCV CVLs varied by subgroup and geography. Documented and estimated unmet treatment need decreased but remained high.

Conclusions
After qualitative reflex VL testing was implemented, care continuum outcomes improved, but gaps remained. High rates of unmet treatment need suggest that control of the HCV epidemic among PWUD will require expansion of HCV treatment coverage.
Bidirectional communication between neural and immune systems
Authors: Kamimura Daisuke , Tanaka Yuki , Hasebe Rie , Murakami Masaaki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The immune and nervous systems share many features, including receptor and ligand expression, enabling efficient communication between the two. Accumulating evidence suggests that the communication is bidirectional, with the neural system regulating immune cell functions and vice versa. Steroid hormones from the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal gland axis are examples of systemic regulators for this communication. Neural reflexes describe regional regulation mechanisms that are a historically new concept that helps to explain how the neural and body systems including immune system communicate. Several recently identified neural reflexes, including the inflammatory reflex and gateway reflex, significantly impact the activation status of the immune system and are associated with inflammatory diseases and disorders. Either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects can be elicited by these neural reflexes. On the other hand, the activities of immune cells during inflammation, for example the secretion of inflammatory mediators, can affect the functions of neuronal systems via neural reflexes and modulate biological outputs via specific neural pathways. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of bidirectional neuro-immune interactions, with a particular focus on neural reflexes.
Heparin induces neutrophil elastase-dependent vital and lytic NET formation
Authors: Lelliott Patrick M , Momota Masatoshi , Shibahara Takayuki , Lee Michelle S J , Smith Nicholas I , Ishii Ken J , Coban Cevayir 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Heparin is used extensively as an anticoagulant in a broad range of diseases and procedures; however, its biological effects are not limited to coagulation and remain incompletely understood. Heparin usage can lead to the life-threatening complication known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), caused by the development of antibodies against heparin/PF4 complexes. Here, we demonstrate the ability of heparin to induce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs occurred with cell lysis and death, but live neutrophils releasing extracellular DNA strands, known as vital NETs, also occurred abundantly. Formation of NETs was time and dose dependent, and required reactive oxygen species and neutrophil elastase. Other compounds related to heparin such as low molecular weight heparin, fondaparinux and heparan sulfate either failed to induce NETs, or did so to a much lesser extent. Our findings suggest the ability of heparin to directly induce NET formation should be considered in the context of heparin treatment and HIT pathogenesis.
Blinkered Learning, Blinkered Theory: How Histories in Textbooks Parochialize IR
Authors: Powel Brieg 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCalls for a more “global” international relations (IR) based on theories grounded in world rather than Western histories have highlighted the Eurocentrism of history within the discipline. Global IR literature, however, neglects the role of tempocentrism in fostering that Eurocentrism. Tempocentric IR portrays the past as an extrapolation of the (Eurocentric) present, suggesting an inevitability and normality to Western dominance of international relations and obscuring non-Western significance. It also deprives IR theory-building of a broader pool of examples to inform existing theories. This article locates those centrisms in the textbooks of the discipline, while drawing on interdisciplinary research to reveal the disproportionate influence of the first years of higher education on students’ future worldviews. It is here that students are exposed to a historical grand narrative that establishes the boundaries of their inquiries and outlines what is, and what is not, significant. For a more “global” IR, therefore, it is suggested that textbook historical narratives require reconstructing in two ways. First, textbook history should be presented through connections and relations rather than substances. Second, historical chapters should reveal the multiple layers of time, including the deeper past, that have been instrumental in constituting the international relations of today.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Laser Doppler Imaging for the Assessment of Burn Depth: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Ru , Zhao Juan , Zhang Zhenyu , Cao Chang , Zhang Yange , Mao Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An overall assessment of the diagnostic value of laser Doppler imaging (LDI) to assess burn depth in patients is presented based on relevant studies. Both eligible research and relevant articles were identified through specific index searches of Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases. The latest study included was published in March 2019 and all eligible publications reported on cohort or cross-sectional research. All articles were tested for heterogeneity by using a suitable effect model to calculate amalgamative values of sensitivity, specificity, and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Analyses of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) are given for burn depth values. After rigorous screening, 14 studies with a total cohort of 1,818 patients were chosen for the meta-analysis to explore the validity of LDI diagnosis to assess the depth of burns. The burn depth overall sensitivity for LDI was 91% (95% CI: 86–95%) and global specificity was 96% (95% CI: 92–98%). The overall positive likelihood ratio of LDI was 20.35 (95% CI: 10.71–38.69) and the overall negative likelihood ratio was 0.09 (95% CI: 0.05–0.15). The overall DOR was 152.93 (95% CI: 69.44–336.81) of LDI. The acreage under the SROC was not low for LDI (AUC = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). In conclusion, the present analysis reviewed the literature and meta-analysis of studies to validate LDI for the diagnosis of burn depth. The results indicated that LDI has a high accuracy for this diagnostic function.
Flying Away From the Bolshevik Winter: Soviet Refugees across the Southern Borders (1917–30)
Authors: Atabaki Touraj , Volkov Denis V 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMethodologically drawing on the most recent works in Migration Studies and Russian Emigré Studies, the article studies migration from the USSR into Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan (1917–1930). Using various hitherto untapped archival sources, research looks into the phenomena, such as displaced statehood, political activism and cross-cultural interaction in the context of the migration/refugee policies of the relevant states (Britain, the USSR and the host countries).
Overexpression of soybean DREB1 enhances drought stress tolerance of transgenic wheat in the field
Authors: Zhou Yongbin , Chen Ming , Guo Jinkao , Wang Yanxia , Min Donghong , Jiang Qiyan , Ji Hutai , Huang Chengyan , Wei Wei , Xu Huijun , Chen Xiao , Li Liancheng , Xu Zhaoshi , Cheng Xianguo , Wang Chunxiao , Wang Chengshe , Ma Youzhi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Drought-response-element binding (DREB)-like transcription factors can significantly enhance plant tolerance to water stress. However, most research on DREB-like proteins to date has been conducted in growth chambers or greenhouses, so there is very little evidence available to support their practical use in the field. In this study, we overexpressed GmDREB1 from soybean in two popular wheat varieties and conducted drought-tolerance experiments across a range of years, sites, and drought-stress regimes. We found that the transgenic plants consistently exhibited significant improvements in yield performance and a variety of physiological traits compared with wild-type plants when grown under limited water conditions in the field, for example showing grain yield increases between 4.79–18.43%. Specifically, we found that the transgenic plants had reduced membrane damage and enhanced osmotic adjustment and photosynthetic efficiency compared to the non-transgenic controls. Three enzymes from the biosynthetic pathway of the phytohormone melatonin were up-regulated in the transgenic plants, and external application of melatonin was found to improve drought tolerance. Together, our results demonstrate the utility of transgenic overexpression of GmDREB1 to improve the drought tolerance of wheat in the field.