bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different PVDF and additives on the properties of hollow fiber membranes contactors for CO2 separation
Authors: Pereira Cristina Cardoso , Nascimento Jailton Ferreira , Grava Wilson Mantovani , Borges Cristiano Piacsek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the present work, different poly(vinil fluoride) (PVDF) were selected for preparing membranes, based on the fact that they are able to form polymer solutions with different viscosities. This characteristic can affect spinning, as well as, mass transfer between the polymer solution and precipitation bath; therefore, each PVDF solution can differently affect membrane formation. The effect of different additives in the polymer solutions was also investigated. Flat sheet and hollow fiber membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, contact angle, gas permeation, porosity, and membrane gas–liquid contactor tests, aiming carbon dioxide removal. The hollow fibers prepared by the polymer which formed a less viscous solution (named PVDF‐I) had a faster light transmittance decay, which started around 150 s before the more viscous solution (PVDF‐II). Hollow fibers obtained using PVDF‐I and propionic acid, in the polymer solution, presented the best gas–liquid contactor performance. CO2 removal increased from 21 to 35.1%, for PVDF‐II and PVDF‐I, respectively, using aqueous diethanolamine solution, as absorbent liquid. In conclusion, even though PVDF‐I and PVDF‐II membranes were obtained by using the same spinning conditions and experimental methodology, the difference between the polymers properties certainly affected the final membrane morphology and transport properties.
Isatin dimers and their biological activities
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Zhou , Du Hong‐Zhi , Liu Hai‐Lin , He Qian‐Song , Xu Zhi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDimerization is a promising strategy to develop novel drug candidates that could extend the biological spectrum, enhance the activity, overcome drug resistance, as well as improve pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and physicochemical profiles. Isatin dimers possess a broad spectrum of biological properties and the isatin dimer indirubin has already been used in the clinic, revealing the potential of isatin dimers as putative drugs. This review covers the recent advances of isatin dimers as pharmacologically significant scaffolds and the structure–activity relationship to set up the direction for the design and development of isatin dimers with higher efficiency and lower toxicity.
Social optima in linear quadratic mean field control with unmodeled dynamics and multiplicative noise
Authors: Wang Bing‐Chang , Yu Xin , Dong Hailing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the linear‐quadratic social control problem for mean field systems with unmodeled dynamics and multiplicative noise. The objective of each agent is to optimize the social cost in the worst‐case disturbance. We first analyze the centralized strategies by the person‐by‐person optimality and then construct an auxiliary zero‐sum game according to mean field approximations. By solving the auxiliary problem subject to consistency conditions, we design a set of decentralized strategies, which is further shown to have asymptotic robust social optimality.
Availability, procurement, training, usage, maintenance and complications of electrosurgical units and laparoscopic equipment in 12 African countries
Authors: Oosting R M , Wauben L S G L , Madete J K , Groen R S , Dankelman J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Strategies are needed to increase the availability of surgical equipment in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study was undertaken to explore the current availability, procurement, training, usage, maintenance and complications encountered during use of electrosurgical units (ESUs) and laparoscopic equipment.

Methods
A survey was conducted among surgeons attending the annual meeting of the College of Surgeons of East, Central and Southern Africa (COSECSA) in December 2017 and the annual meeting of the Surgical Society of Kenya (SSK) in March 2018. Biomedical equipment technicians (BMETs) were surveyed and maintenance records collected in Kenya between February and March 2018.

Results
Among 80 participants, there were 59 surgeons from 12 African countries and 21 BMETs from Kenya. Thirty-six maintenance records were collected. ESUs were available for all COSECSA and SSK surgeons, but only 49 per cent (29 of 59) had access to working laparoscopic equipment. Reuse of disposable ESU accessories and difficulties obtaining carbon dioxide were identified. More than three-quarters of surgeons (79 per cent) indicated that maintenance of ESUs was available, but only 59 per cent (16 of 27) confirmed maintenance of laparoscopic equipment at their centre.

Conclusion
Despite the availability of surgical equipment, significant gaps in access to maintenance were apparent in these LMICs, limiting implementation of open and laparoscopic surgery.
Serum Midkine is a clinical significant biomarker for colorectal cancer and associated with poor survival
Authors: Kemper Marius , Hentschel Wiebke , Graß Julia‐Kristin , Stüben Bjoern‐Ole , Konczalla Leonie , Rawnaq Tamina , Ghadban Tarik , Izbicki Jakob R. , Reeh Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractColorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common carcinomas worldwide. Early detection is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. Several promising studies described the use of midkine (MK) as a tumor marker. This study aimed to investigate a larger collective to ascertain if the preoperative serum midkine level (S‐MK) is suitable as a marker for screening and if S‐MK correlates with tumor progression and localization. It was also investigated for the first time whether patients with high S‐MK show poor survival. This prospective single‐center study included 299 patients with CRC. The preoperative serum midkine level (S‐MK) was determined using ELISA. Established tumor markers Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) were collected for comparison. The median follow‐up period was 65 months. S‐MK was significantly elevated in patients with CRC (P < .001). The receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.868 (P < .001). A cut‐off value of 56.42 pg/mL results in a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 75.4%. In the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), there were no significant correlations between S‐MK and tumor progression, localization. Furthermore, no significant correlation to CEA und CA 19‐9 could be found. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was able to show for the first time that patients with S‐MK of more than 225 pg/mL have a significantly shorter survival. Multivariate Cox regression showed that only CEA was an independent prognostic factor for survival. S‐MK helps estimate the prognosis for CRC and is a valuable component for developing a multimarker panel for screening and surveillance.
Reporter‐Guided Transposon Mutant Selection for Activation of Silent Gene Clusters in Burkholderia thailandensis
Authors: Mao Dainan , Yoshimura Aya , Wang Rurun , Seyedsayamdost Mohammad R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost natural product biosynthetic gene clusters that can be observed bioinformatically are silent. This insight has prompted the development of several methodologies for inducing their expression. One of the more recent methods, termed reporter‐guided mutant selection (RGMS), entails creation of a library of mutants that is then screened for the desired phenotype via reporter gene expression. Herein, we apply a similar approach to Burkholderia thailandensis and, using transposon mutagenesis, mutagenize three strains, each carrying a fluorescent reporter in the malleilactone (mal), capistruin (cap), or an unidentified ribosomal peptide (tomm) gene cluster. We show that even a small library of <500 mutants can be used to induce expression of each cluster. We also explore the mechanism of activation and find that inhibition of pyrimidine biosynthesis is linked to the induction of the mal cluster. Both a transposon insertion into pyrF as well as small‐molecule‐mediated inhibition of PyrF trigger malleilactone biosynthesis. Our results pave the way toward the broad application of RGMS and related approaches to Burkholderia spp.
STA‐55, an Easily Accessible, Broad‐Spectrum, Activity‐Based Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Probe
Authors: Koenders Sebastiaan T. A. , van Rooden Eva J. , van den Elst Hans , Florea Bogdan I. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van der Stelt Mario 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) convert aldehydes into carboxylic acids and are often upregulated in cancer. They have been linked to therapy resistance and are therefore potential therapeutic targets. However, only a few selective and potent inhibitors are currently available for this group of enzymes. Competitive activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) would aid the development and validation of new selective inhibitors. Herein, a broad‐spectrum activity‐based probe that reports on several ALDHs is presented. This probe was used in a competitive ABPP protocol against three ALDH inhibitors in lung cancer cells to determine their selectivity profiles and establish their target engagement.
Feasibility and safety of orbital atherectomy for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis secondary to stent under‐expansion
Authors: Neupane Saroj , Basir Mir , Tan Christina , Sultan Adnan , Tabaku Mishel , Alqarqaz Mohammad , Khandelwal Akshay , Gupta Ankur , Don Creighton , Alaswad Khaldoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDebulking and ablative techniques are sometimes used for the treatment of in‐stent restenosis (ISR) secondary to resistant stent under‐expansion (SU). The safety and effectiveness of orbital atherectomy (OA) in this cohort of patients has not been reported.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients treated with OA for ISR secondary to balloon undilatable SU at two academic tertiary care centers between October 2016 and June 2019. Angiographic or intravascular imaging identified SU. Technical success was defined as residual 0% stenosis with TIMI III flow.ResultsA total of 41 patients were included in the study. Patients had an average age of 65 ± 12 years; 73% male, 61% diabetic, 41% with prior coronary artery bypass grafting, 61% with a prior incident of ISR, 51% presented with stable angina, 17% unstable angina, and 32% non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI). Implantation of the under‐expanded stents occurred between 2 months and 22 years prior to the index procedure. A total of 27% of patients had multiple layers of stents in the target lesion and 32% of patients had in‐stent chronic total occlusion. Technical success was achieved in 40 (98%) patients. There were 2 (5%) major adverse cardiovascular events; both of them were periprocedural MI from the no‐reflow phenomenon. There were 2 (5%) Ellis type II coronary perforations that required no intervention.ConclusionsOA can be effectively performed as an adjunctive tool in the treatment of ISR with balloon undilatable SU. The use of OA for SU is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is “off label” and caution must be used to limit any device/stent interaction.
Enzyme Immobilization on Synthesized Nanoporous Silica Particles and their Application in a Bi‐enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Engelmann Claudia , Ekambaram Narendhiran , Johannsen Jens , Fellechner Oliver , Waluga Thomas , Fieg Georg , Liese Andreas , Bubenheim Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe application of enzymes presents a great advantage regarding highly selective reactions; however, it involves also challenges due to their sensitivity. Immobilization offers one strategy to overcome those challenges enabling enzyme stabilization, as well as retention. In the present study, covalent attachment on hydrophilic amino‐functionalized carriers is found to be the most promising immobilization method for the investigated reaction system. To achieve this, a novel method for preparation of silica particles with subsequent amino‐functionalization is developed to prepare spherical carriers for enzyme immobilization, whereby high porosities are obtained based on polymerization. With these particles, immobilization of an alcohol dehydrogenase and a formate dehydrogenase is realized with residual activities of 70 and 80 % after 12 consecutive batches, respectively. The two immobilized enzymes are used in the reduction of cinnamyl aldehyde with in situ cofactor regeneration, obtaining a conversion of 100 % and up to 10‐fold higher turnover numbers compared to the free enzyme.
Catalytic Methylation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons using CO2/H2 over Re/TiO2 and H‐MOR Catalysts
Authors: Ting Kah Wei , Kamakura Haruka , Poly Sharmin S. , Toyao Takashi , Hakim Siddiki S. M. A. , Maeno Zen , Matsushita Koichi , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA combined catalyst comprising TiO2‐supported Re (Re(1)/TiO2; Re=1 wt%) and H‐MOR (SiO2/Al2O3=90) was found to promote the methylation of benzene using CO2 and H2. This catalytic system exhibited high performance with regard to the synthesis of methylated benzenes and gave high yields of total methylated products (up to 52 % benzene‐based yield and 42 % CO2‐based yield) under the reaction conditions employed in this study (pCO2=1 MPa; pH2=5 MPa; T=250 °C; t=20 h) in a batch reactor. Catalyst screening demonstrated that a combination of Re(1)/TiO2 and H‐MOR (SiO2/Al2O3=90) exhibited superior performance compared to other combinations of supported metal catalysts and zeolites in terms of both yield and selectivity for methylated benzenes.
Effectiveness of Amine Concentration and Circulation Rate in the CO2Removal Process
Authors: George Emily C. , Riverol Carmen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOptimization of an amine‐based method is vital to ensure product quality, equipment safety, and system efficiency. Here, the effectiveness of amine concentration and circulation rate is evaluated for a diglycolamine (DGA)‐based facility. The performance is measured using the concentration of carbon dioxide in the treated gas and the net acid gas loading of the amine solution. Both amine concentration and circulation rate were observed to affect the system efficiency. An optimal operating range was identified for the gas plant studied established on the performance criteria. The analysis is based on a proprietary mass transfer‐based process simulator of an amine‐based acid gas treating facility and field data.
Cost‐Saving Opportunities in the Energy Management of Papermaking Processes
Authors: Janošovský Ján , Variny Miroslav , Mierka Otto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergy consumption optimization belongs to the main agendas in sustainable industries. Here, cost‐saving opportunities in the pulp and paper industry as one of the largest industrial energy consumers worldwide are in the focus. Energy‐saving measures are proposed employing a large‐scale mathematical model of a paper machine based on mass and energy balances supported by real‐time experiments in paper machine operation. The presented measures are based on the optimization of paper stock pumping and a drying section operation. The total energy‐saving effect of the four proposed measures accounted for a reduction in specific heat and electricity consumption by more than 2 %. The proposed procedures require no or low investment costs with the overall simple rate of return of less than one year.
Cyclometalated Ruthenium Pincer Complexes as Catalysts for the α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols
Authors: Piehl Patrick , Amuso Roberta , Alberico Elisabetta , Junge Henrik , Gabriele Bartolo , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRuthenium PNP pincer complexes bearing supplementary cyclometalated C,N‐bound ligands have been prepared and fully characterized for the first time. By replacing CO and H− as ancillary ligands in such complexes, additional electronic and steric modifications of this topical class of catalysts are possible. The advantages of the new catalysts are demonstrated in the general α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols following a hydrogen autotransfer protocol. Herein, various aliphatic and benzylic alcohols were applied as green alkylating agents for ketones bearing aromatic, heteroaromatic or aliphatic substituents as well as cyclic ones. Mechanistic investigations revealed that during catalysis, Ru carboxylate complexes are predominantly formed whereas neither the PNP nor the CN ligand are released from the catalyst in significant amounts.
Rare‐Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes with 3‐Arylamido‐Functionalized Indolyl Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity†
Authors: Zhu Xiancui , Jiang Yuzhe , Chen Jun , Wang Shaowu , Huang Zeming , Zhu Shan , Zhao Xu , Yue Wenrun , Zhang Jun , Wu Weikang , Zhong Xiangyang 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA series of dinuclear rare‐earth metal alkyl complexes {[μ‐η2:η1:η1‐3‐(LNCH)(CH2SiMe3)Ind]RE(CH2SiMe3)(THF)}2 (L1 = 2‐tBuC6H4, RE = Y, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb; L2 = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2, RE = Dy, Er; Ind = indolyl) and {[μ‐η2:η1:η1‐3‐(LNCH2)Ind]RE(CH2SiMe3)(THF)}2 (L1, RE = Y, Dy, Er, Yb; L2, RE = Er, Yb) bearing 3‐arylamido functionalized indolyl ligands having diverse bonding modes with metal ions were synthesized either by the insertion reaction of the imino group to the RE—C bond or by the alkane elimination reaction. In the preparation of above complexes, rare‐earth metal alkyl complexes [μ‐η5:η1:η1‐3‐(L2NCH)(CH2SiMe3)Ind]Gd(CH2SiMe3)(THF)}2 with a μ‐η5:η1:η1 coordination mode to the gadolinium ion and {[μ‐η3:η1:η1‐3‐(L2NCH2)Ind]Dy(CH2SiMe3)(THF)}2 with a μ‐η3:η1:η1 coordination mode to the dysprosium ion were unexpectedly isolated. The reactions of 3‐(L2N=CH)Ind with Er(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 at room temperature, generated a tetranuclear imino‐indolyl erbium intermediate {[μ‐η1:η1‐3‐(L2N=CH)Ind]Er(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)}4, which can transform into the amido functionalized indolyl erbium complex in hot toluene. Moreover, the reactivities of the newly synthesized ytterbium complex with N‐heterocyclic compounds were investigated, affording the corresponding products of the mixed pyridyl‐indolyl, imidazolyl‐indolyl, and ortho‐metalated complexes. The yttrium complexes showed a high regioselectivity and steroselectivity for the isoprene polymerization with 1,4‐trans selectivity up to 91.7% and 1,4‐cis selectivity up to 96.1% in the presence of cocatalysts, respectively.
Self‐compassion, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Winders Sarah‐Jane , Murphy Orlagh , Looney Kathy , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSelf‐compassion has emerged as an important construct in the mental health literature. Although conceptual links between self‐compassion and trauma are apparent, a review has not been completed to examine whether this association is supported by empirical research findings. To systematically summarize knowledge on the association between trauma and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self‐compassion. Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PubMed, Ovid Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and PILOTS databases, and papers reporting a direct analysis on the relationship between these constructs were identified. The search yielded 35 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Despite considerable heterogeneity in study design, sample, measurement, and trauma type, there was consistent evidence to suggest that increased self‐compassion is associated with less PTSD symptomatology and some evidence to suggest that reduced fear of self‐compassion is associated with less PTSD symptomatology. There was tentative evidence to suggest that interventions based, in part or whole, on a self‐compassion model potentially reduce PTSD symptoms. Although findings are positive for the association between increased self‐compassion and reduced PTSD symptoms, the precise mechanism of these protective effects is unknown. Prospective and longitudinal studies would be beneficial in clarifying this. The review also highlighted the variability in what is and should be referred to as trauma exposure, indicating the need for further research to clarify the concept.
Side‐View Operando Optical Microscopy Analysis of a Graphite Anode to Study Its Kinetic Hysteresis
Authors: Kang Sujin , Yeom Su Jeong , Lee Hyun‐Wook 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOperando analyses have provided several breakthroughs in the construction of high‐performance materials and devices, including energy storage systems. However, despite the advances in electrode engineering, the formidable issues of lithium intercalation and deintercalation kinetics cannot be investigated by using planar observations. This study concerns side‐view operando observation by optical microscopy of a graphite anode based on its color changes during electrochemical lithiation. Since the graphite color varies according to the optical energy gap during lithiation and delithiation, this technique can be used to study the corresponding charge–discharge kinetics. In addition, the cell configuration uses liquid electrolytes similar to commercial cells, allowing practical application. Furthermore, this side‐view observation has shown that microscale spatial variations in rate and composition control the insertion and deinsertion, revealing the kinetics throughout the whole electrode. The results of this study could enhance the fundamental understanding of the kinetics of battery materials.
Assessing the Viability of Recovery of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Alkaline Pretreatment Waste Streams
Authors: Karlen Steven D. , Fasahati Peyman , Mazaheri Mona , Serate Jose , Smith Rebecca A. , Sirobhushanam Sirisha , Chen Mingjie , Tymokhin Vitaliy I. , Cass Cynthia L. , Liu Sarah , Padmakshan Dharshana , Xie Dan , Zhang Yaoping , McGee Mick A. , Russell Jason D. , Coon Joshua J. , Kaeppler Heidi F. , de Leon Natalia , Maravelias Christos T. , Runge Troy M. , Kaeppler Shawn M. , Sedbrook John C. , Ralph John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe hydroxycinnamic acids p‐coumaric acid (pCA) and ferulic acid (FA) add diversity to the portfolio of products produced by using grass‐fed lignocellulosic biorefineries. The level of lignin‐bound pCA in Zea mays was modified by the alteration of p‐coumaroyl‐CoA monolignol transferase expression. The biomass was processed in a lab‐scale alkaline‐pretreatment biorefinery process and the data were used for a baseline technoeconomic analysis to determine where to direct future research efforts to couple plant design to biomass utilization processes. It is concluded that future plant engineering efforts should focus on strategies that ramp up accumulation of one type of hydroxycinnamate (pCA or FA) predominantly and suppress that of the other. Technoeconomic analysis indicates that target extraction titers of one hydroxycinnamic acid need to be >50 g kg−1 biomass, at least five times higher than observed titers for the impure pCA/FA product mixture from wild‐type maize. The technical challenge for process engineers is to develop a viable process that requires more than 80 % reduction of the isolation costs.