bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dendronized‐Polymer Disturbing Cells' Stress Protection by Targeting Metabolism Leads to Tumor Vulnerability
Authors: Pan Dayi , Zheng Xiuli , Zhang Qianfeng , Li Zhiqian , Duan Zhenyu , Zheng Wen , Gong Meng , Zhu Hongyan , Zhang Hu , Gong Qiyong , Gu Zhongwei , Luo Kui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMetabolic demand of cancer is quite unique compared to normal tissues and this is an emerging hallmark of cancer, which brings a potential opportunity to discover drugs that target cancer cell metabolism. Herein, the development of a dendronized pyropheophorbide a (Ppa)‐conjugated polymer (DPP) is reported, and a linear Ppa‐conjugated polymer (LPP) is reported as a control. DPP is found to disturb cellular metabolism including increased energy depletion, dysfunctional H+ regulation, and decreased antioxidation, resulting in deficiency in protecting cells from stresses. These vulnerable cells are subjected to photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment in the presence of DPP, resulting in attenuated cancer cell growth and eventually cell death. The in vivo anticancer efficacy is also ascribed to significantly prolonged blood circulation and enhanced tumor accumulation of DPP due to its unique molecular structure. This study presents a new platform using dendronized polymers for tumor suppression by targeting cancer cell metabolism.
Highly Stretchable Polymer Composite with Strain‐Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness
Authors: Yao Bin , Hong Wei , Chen Tianwu , Han Zhubing , Xu Xinwei , Hu Renchao , Hao Jianyu , Li Changhao , Li He , Perini Steven E. , Lanagan Michael T. , Zhang Sulin , Wang Qing , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolymer composites with electrically conductive fillers have been developed as mechanically flexible, easily processable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Although there are a few elastomeric composites with nanostructured silvers and carbon nanotubes showing moderate stretchability, their EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) deteriorates consistently with stretching. Here, a highly stretchable polymer composite embedded with a three‐dimensional (3D) liquid‐metal (LM) network exhibiting substantial increases of EMI SE when stretched is reported, which matches the EMI SE of metallic plates over an exceptionally broad frequency range of 2.65–40 GHz. The electrical conductivities achieved in the 3D LM composite are among the state‐of‐the‐art in stretchable conductors under large mechanical deformations. With skin‐like elastic compliance and toughness, the material provides a route to meet the demands for emerging soft and human‐friendly electronics.
Gate‐Coupling‐Enabled Robust Hysteresis for Nonvolatile Memory and Programmable Rectifier in Van der Waals Ferroelectric Heterojunctions
Authors: Huang Wenhao , Wang Feng , Yin Lei , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Zhenxing , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Wang Junjun , Li Ningning , Yao Yuyu , He Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFerroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) are one of the most interesting ferroelectric devices; however, they, usually suffer from low interface quality. The recently discovered 2D layered ferroelectric materials, combining with the advantages of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs), may be promising to fabricate high‐quality FeFETs with atomically thin thickness. Here, dual‐gated 2D ferroelectric vdWHs are constructed using MoS2, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and CuInP2S6 (CIPS), which act as a high‐performance nonvolatile memory and programmable rectifier. It is first noted that the insertion of h‐BN and dual‐gated coupling device configuration can significantly stabilize and effectively polarize ferroelectric CIPS. Through this design, the device shows a record‐high performance with a large memory window, large on/off ratio (107), ultralow programming state current (10−13 A), and long‐time endurance (104 s) as nonvolatile memory. As for programmable rectifier, a wide range of gate‐tunable rectification behavior is observed. Moreover, the device exhibits a large rectification ratio (3 × 105) with stable retention under the programming state. This demonstrates the promising potential of ferroelectric vdWHs for new multifunctional ferroelectric devices.
In Situ Formed Gradient Bandgap‐Tunable Perovskite for Ultrahigh‐Speed Color/Spectrum‐Sensitive Photodetectors via Electron‐Donor Control
Authors: Sun Haoxuan , Tian Wei , Wang Xianfu , Deng Kaimo , Xiong Jie , Li Liang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntegration of various photodetectors with different light‐sensitive materials and detection capacity is an inevitable way to achieve entire color/spectrum detection. However, the uneven capacity of each photodetector would drag the overall performance behind, especially the response speed. A response time down to nanosecond level has not previously been reported for a filter‐free color/spectrum‐sensitive photodetector, as far as is known. Here, a self‐powered filterless color‐sensitive photodetection array based on an in situ formed gradient perovskite absorber film with continuously tunable bandgap is demonstrated. Ultrahigh‐speed response at nanosecond level is achieved in all the ingredient photodetectors. The junction capacitance being influenced by carrier concentration in the absorber is identified to be responsible for the detection speed. Without any optic or mechanical supporting system, the designed color detector exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 94% and a high spectral resolution of around 80 nm for the whole visible spectrum. This work offers a guidance to achieve fast response of perovskite‐based photodetectors from the point of view of carrier‐donor control and demonstrates a new avenue to establish color‐sensitive photodetectors/spectrometers.
Higher‐Order Approximate CN‐PML Theory for Magnetized Ferrite Simulations
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin , Niu Liqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo unconditionally stable implementations of the higher‐order perfectly matched layer are proposed for the modeling of magnetized ferrite in the finite‐difference time‐domain lattice. By incorporating the approximate Crank–Nicolson (CN) algorithm and the modified auxiliary differential equation (ADE) approach, the proposed implementations take full advantage of the CN methods in terms of reducing the computational time and improving the computational efficiency. Approximate CN algorithms including the Crank–Nicolson–Douglas–Gunn and the Crank–Nicolson Approximate‐Decoupling schemes are implemented in 2D simulation. Furthermore, based on the ADE method, an alternative method at the integer time step is proposed to analyze the anisotropic magnetized ferrite structures. Its computational efficiency can be further enhanced compared to the shift operator method from the previous works. A full‐filled ferrite model and a ridge waveguide structure are introduced to illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithms can improve the computational efficiency, overcome the Courant–Friedrich–Levy limit, and obtain considerable absorbing performance.
The state of congenital heart disease
Authors: Kruszka Paul , Beaton Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this special issue of the American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C, we focus on the “State of Congenital Heart Disease.” We anticipate that after viewing this journal, the reader will be up‐to‐date on the epidemiology of congenital heart disease (CHD), the genetic basis of CHD, ethical concerns, and the global impact of CHD. And most importantly, we are confident that this special issue conveys the message that CHD is complex and that much work is still needed in genetic and genomic research.
Anogenital distance as a measure of male competitive ability in Rwenzori Angolan colobus
Authors: Teichroeb Julie A. , Stead Samantha M. , Edwards Phoebe D. , Landry Florence , Palme Rupert , Boonstra Rudy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnogenital distance (AGD) is positively correlated to fetal androgen exposure and developmental masculinization in mammals. Independent of overall body size, AGD shows a strong positive correlation with male fertility and in rodents, AGD is a good indicator of male competitive ability and is associated with female choice. We hypothesized that AGD will also predict male competitive ability in non‐human primates. To test this, we measured AGD noninvasively with a parallel laser in a wild population of Angolan colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii) in Uganda and correlated to it to their social structure. C. angolensis ruwenzorii form a multilevel society with both one‐male/multifemale units (OMUs) and multimale/multifemale units (MMUs). We compared AGD in males from five OMUs and six MMUs and related it to their fecal androgen metabolite concentrations, dominance rank and body size, and to the number of females in their unit. Males in OMUs had greater access to females, so were predicted to have longer AGDs, but this was not found. AGD also did not correlate overall with mean fecal androgen metabolites in MMUs. However, AGD was correlated with dominance rank in MMUs, demonstrating that higher‐ranking males in these multimale units had longer AGDs. Body size did not show the same relationship with dominance rank, suggesting that male rank was not just a reflection of absolute male size. Our findings indicate that AGD predicts male competitive ability in this species and that it may be a useful correlate throughout the non‐human primates. These results also support the idea that prenatal androgen exposure increases the likelihood of the expression of behaviors that maintain high dominance rank.
A Critical Review of Genome Editing and Synthetic Biology Applications in Metabolic Engineering of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria
Authors: Ng I‐Son , Keskin Batuhan Birol , Tan Shih‐I 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBeing the green gold of the future, microalgae and cyanobacteria have recently attracted considerable interest worldwide, for their metabolites such as lipids, protein, pigments, and bioactive compounds have immense potential for sustainable energy and pharmaceutical production capabilities. In the last decades, the efforts attended to enhance the usage of microalgae and cyanobacteria by genetic manipulation, synthetic and metabolic engineering. However, the development of photoautotrophic cell factories have rarely compared to the heterotrophic counterparts due to limited tools, bioinformatics, and multi‐omics database. Therefore, recent advances of their genome editing techniques by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology, and potential applications of their metabolic engineering and regulation approaches are examined in this review. Moreover, the contemporary achievements of synthetic biology approaches of microalgae and cyanobacteria in carbon fixation and sequestration, lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG), and sustainable production of high value‐added chemicals, such as carotenoids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been also discussed. From recent genomic study to trends in metabolic regulation of microalgae and cyanobacteria and a comprehensive assessment of the current challenges and opportunities for microalgae and cyanobacteria is also conducted.
Moving beyond the tensions in open environmental innovation towards a holistic perspective
Authors: Russo Spena Tiziana , Di Paola Nadia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses factors determining open environmental innovation (EI) and explores the possibility of embracing their tensions to achieve integrated environmental strategic goals.Building on recent literature linking open innovation and EI, the study assumes open EI strategic goals as a multidimensional construct based on the “synergistic and interwoven nature” of four identified enabling factors, that is, partners, knowledge, benefits, and motivations.A fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) based on Boolean algebra is conducted to analyse a set of 186 European companies operating in the telecommunication and information and communication technology (ICT) service industries.Making important theoretical, managerial, and policy contributions, this paper offers insights into the key factors enabling open EI and the tensional relationships within and between them. In doing so, it captures the non‐linear effects among these factors and the strategic goals related to an open EI strategy. It also suggests how the paradox theory might help in addressing the tensional dilemma of open EI strategy.
Comparison of mono‐rhamnolipids and di‐rhamnolipids on microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applications
Authors: Rocha Vanessa A. L. , de Castilho Lívia V. A. , de Castro Rui P. V. , Teixeira Douglas B. , Magalhães Augusto V. , Gomez José G. C. , Freire Denise M. G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRhamnolipids (RMLs) have more effectiveness for specific uses according to their homologue proportions. Thus, the novelty of this work was to compare mono‐RMLs and di‐RMLs physicochemical properties on microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) applications. For this, RML produced by three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa containing different homologues proportion were used: a mainly mono‐RMLs producer (mono‐RMLs); a mainly di‐RMLs producer (di‐RMLs), and the other one that produces relatively balanced amounts of mono‐RML and di‐RML homologues (mono/di‐RML). For mono‐RML, the most abundant molecules were Rha‐C10C10 (m/z 503.3), for di‐RML were RhaRha‐C10C10 (m/z 649.4) and for Mono/di‐RML were Rha‐C10C10 (m/z 503.3) and RhaRha‐C10C10 (m/z 649.4). All RMLs types presented robustness under high temperature and variation of salinity and pH, and high ability for oil displacement, foam stability, wettability reversal and were classified as safe for environment according to the European Union Directive No. 67/548/EEC. For all these properties, it was observed a highlight for mono‐RML. Mono‐RML presented the lowest surface tension (26.40 mN/m), interfacial tension (1.14 mN/m), and critical micellar concentration (CMC 27.04 mg/L), the highest emulsification index (EI24 100%) and the best wettability reversal (100% with 25 ppm). In addition, mono‐RML showed the best acute toxicity value (454 mg/L), making its application potential even more attractive. Based on the results, it was concluded that all RMLs homologues studied have potential for MEOR applications. However, results showed that mono‐RML stood out and have the best mechanism of oil incorporation in micelles due their most effective surface‐active physicochemical features.
Alexithymia and change process: Contributions of a phase model
Authors: da Silva Ana Nunes , Branco Vasco António , Watson Jeanne C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe research literature shows patients with alexithymia have poorer outcomes in psychotherapy. We reflect upon psychotherapy with alexithymic patients presenting one case study, from a larger research project, throughout 12 sessions. This study used a mixed‐methods design with qualitative and quantitative methods exploring both client's and therapist's perspectives. From the client's perspective, different dimensions were explored: emotional process components, symptom severity, therapeutic alliance and the processing capacity regarding the phase‐specific general strategies as postulated in the Paradigmatic Complementarity Metamodel (PCM). Regarding the therapist's perspective, we investigated the PCM phase‐specific strategic goals promoted throughout the process and the perception of the therapeutic alliance. Quantitative and qualitative data are presented. The client presented a significant change in both alexithymia and symptom severity regarding the reliable change index, being considered a good outcome. The sequencing of general strategies as a phase‐by‐phase map of the therapeutic process is used to describe the development of client's and therapist's variables. We discuss that considering alexithymia in case conceptualisation may help overcome its impact on the therapeutic process, especially regarding emotional processing and the therapeutic alliance. The implications for psychotherapy intervention are highlighted.
Beyond Dimensionally Stable Anodes: Single‐Atom Catalysts with Superior Chlorine Selectivity
Authors: Exner Kai S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) have been established as anode material in the industrially important chlor‐alkali process, owing to their long‐term stability, high activity, and reasonable chlorine selectivity under operation conditions. Now, a new material, based on the idea of single‐atom catalysis, has been reported, which reveals higher activity and chlorine selectivity than DSAs.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Thin Films for Flexible Transistors by Using a Cross‐Linked Amine Polymer
Authors: Matsumoto Kaisei , Ueno Kazuki , Hirotani Jun , Ohno Yutaka , Omachi Haruka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOwing to their remarkable properties, single‐walled carbon nanotube thin‐film transistors (SWCNT‐TFTs) are expected to be used in various flexible electronics applications. To fabricate SWCNT channel layers for TFTs, solution‐based film formation on a self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) covered with amino groups is commonly used. However, this method uses highly oxidized surfaces, which is not suitable for flexible polymeric substrates. In this work, a solution‐based SWCNT film fabrication using methoxycarbonyl polyallylamine (Moc‐PAA) is reported. The NH2‐terminated surface of the cross‐linked Moc‐PAA layer enables the formation of highly dense and uniform SWCNT networks on both rigid and flexible substrates. TFTs that use the fabricated SWCNT thin film exhibited excellent performance with small variations. The presented simple method to access SWCNT thin film accelerates the realization of flexible nanoelectronics.
Salinomycin Derivatives Kill Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Lysosomal Iron Targeting
Authors: Versini Antoine , Colombeau Ludovic , Hienzsch Antje , Gaillet Christine , Retailleau Pascal , Debieu Sylvain , Müller Sebastian , Cañeque Tatiana , Rodriguez Raphaël 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSalinomycin (1) exhibits a large spectrum of biological activities including the capacity to selectively eradicate cancer stem cells (CSC), making it and its derivatives promising candidates for the development of drug leads against CSC. It has been previously shown that salinomycin and its C20‐propargylamine derivative (Ironomycin (2)) accumulate in lysosomes and sequester iron in this organelle. Herein, a library of salinomycin derivatives is reported, including products of C20‐amination, C1‐esterification, C9‐oxidation, and C28‐dehydration. The biological activity of these compounds is evaluated against transformed human mammary epithelial HMLER CD24low/CD44high cells, a well‐established model of breast CSC, and HMLER CD24high/CD44low cells deprived of CSC properties. Unlike other structural alterations, derivative 4, which displays a cyclopropylamine at position C20, showed a strikingly low IC50 value of 23 nm against HMLER CD24low/CD44high cells. This study provides highly selective molecules to target the CSC niche, a potential interesting advance for drug development to prevent cancer resistance.
A Sequential Umpolung/Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Strategy for the Synthesis of γ‐Lactones
Authors: Maskeri Mark A. , Schrader Malte L. , Scheidt Karl A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCombining biological and small‐molecule catalysts under a chemoenzymatic manifold presents a series of significant advantages to the synthetic community. We report herein the successful development of a two‐step/single flask synthesis of γ‐lactones through the merger of Umpolung catalysis with a ketoreductase‐catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution, reduction, and cyclization. This combined approach delivers highly enantio‐ and diastereoenriched heterocycles and demonstrates the feasibility of integrating NHC catalysis with enzymatic processes.
Multi‐glomerular projection of single olfactory receptor neurons is conserved among amphibians
Authors: Weiss Lukas , Jungblut Lucas D. , Pozzi Andrea G. , Zielinski Barbara S. , O'Connell Lauren A. , Hassenklöver Thomas , Manzini Ivan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndividual receptor neurons in the peripheral olfactory organ extend long axons into the olfactory bulb forming synapses with projection neurons in spherical neuropil regions, called glomeruli. Generally, odor map formation and odor processing in all vertebrates is based on the assumption that receptor neuron axons exclusively connect to a single glomerulus without any axonal branching. We comparatively tested this hypothesis in multiple fish and amphibian species (both sexes) by applying sparse cell electroporation to trace single olfactory receptor neuron axons. Sea lamprey (jawless fish) and zebrafish (bony fish) support the unbranched axon concept, with 94% of axons terminating in single glomeruli. Contrastingly, axonal projections of the axolotl (salamander) branch extensively before entering up to six distinct glomeruli. Receptor neuron axons labeled in frog species (Pipidae, Bufonidae, Hylidae, and Dendrobatidae) predominantly bifurcate before entering a glomerulus and 59 and 50% connect to multiple glomeruli in larval and postmetamorphotic animals, respectively. Independent of developmental stage, lifestyle, and adaptations to specific habitats, it seems to be a common feature of amphibian olfactory receptor neuron axons to frequently bifurcate and connect to multiple glomeruli. Our study challenges the unbranched axon concept as a universal vertebrate feature and it is conceivable that also later diverging vertebrates deviate from it. We propose that this unusual wiring logic evolved around the divergence of the terrestrial tetrapod lineage from its aquatic ancestors and could be the basis of an alternative way of odor processing.
A Co3O4@meso‐SiO2 Hollow Nanoreactor Prepared from ZIF‐67 as an Efficient Catalyst for Olefin Epoxidation by Oxygen
Authors: Li Zhaohua , Huang Runkun , Zhu Lei , Zhou Xin , Cao Changyan , Song Weiguo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOlefin epoxidation plays an important role in chemical industry because of the significance of epoxides. Developing cost‐effective catalysts with high catalytic performance for epoxidation is of great importance. Herein, we report a promising heterogeneous catalyst based on Co3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated in the inside wall of a meso‐SiO2 shell (denoted as Co3O4@meso‐SiO2) as hollow nanoreactor. Due to the particular hollow structure as well as mesoporous shell wall, the resulting catalyst showed excellent activity and recyclability for various olefins with molecular oxygen and iso‐butyraldehyde as co‐oxidants.