bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blunted Muscle Mitochondrial Responses to Exercise Training in Older Adults With HIV
Authors: Jankowski Catherine M , Wilson Melissa P , MaWhinney Samantha , Reusch Jane , Knaub Leslie , Hull Sara , Erlandson Kristine M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Muscle mitochondrial dysfunction associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may improve with exercise.

Methods
Muscle specimens obtained before and after 24 weeks of exercise in older people with HIV (PWH; n = 18; ART &gt;2 years) and uninfected controls (n = 21) were analyzed for citrate synthase (CS) activity and complexes (C) I–V, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC1α), and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) content.

Results
Only controls had increased CS, MnSOD, PGC1α, and CIV (P ≤ .01; P &lt; .01 vs PWH) after training.

Conclusions
The blunted mitochondrial adaptations to training in PWH suggests the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02404792.
Effect of mandibular contouring surgery on the stress distribution during various clenching tasks
Authors: Yoon Youngjae , Kim Jae-eun , Jung Junho , Oh Sang-hwan , Noh Gunwoo , Kwon Yong-Dae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A prominent mandibular angle produces a characteristic quadrangle with a coarse appearance. Asians prefer getting the shape of their jaws surgically corrected into a V-line, which is assumed to give a more intelligent, beautiful, and delicate appearance. According to many studies, mandibular contouring surgery may jeopardize mechanical stability. The aim of this study was to analyse the stress on the mandible during function after mandibular contouring surgery using finite element analysis. Based on computed tomography scans, the three-dimensional models of preoperative mandible, mandibular angle ostectomy, and sagittal cortical ostectomy of the mandibular ramus and body with angle ostectomy were obtained. Boundary conditions to restrict movement on both condyles and clenching tasks (incisal clench, right molar clench, and right group clench) were simulated. The sagittal cortical ostectomy model had the highest strain energy (48.51 J) and von Mises stress (77.39 MPa) during the right molar clench task. The maximum von Mises stress on the sagittal cortical ostectomy was increased by up to approximately four times compared with the cases of preoperative mandible. The stress was concentrated at the site of operation, mandibular condyle, and angle. In the case of the sagittal cortical ostectomy model, bone resorption may occur, and there is a possibility of fracture during the right molar clench task. These results suggest that mandibular contouring surgery may be related to the fragility of the mandible, since surgery significantly alters its biomechanics. The degree of surgery may be a determining factor in the stress and fracture risk of the mandible. Therefore, clinicians should establish an accurate and correct treatment plan for the safe prognosis of patients after surgery.
Seasonal Abundance, Defoliation, and Parasitism of Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Two Apple Cultivars
Authors: Shanovich Hailey N , Ribeiro Arthur Vieira , Koch Robert L 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, is an invasive insect to the United States that feeds on turfgrass roots as a larva and the foliage, flowers, and fruit of many major ornamental and agricultural crops, such as apple, as an adult. Despite its generalist feeding behavior, P. japonica shows preferences for certain plant species and cultivars. Classical biological control for P. japonica, including release of Istocheta aldrichi (Mensil), has been pursued in Minnesota. This study was conducted to assess the effects of apple cultivar on season-long abundance of adult P. japonica and their defoliation; and to assess effects of apple cultivar and P. japonica abundance and sex on parasitism of P. japonica by I. aldrichi. Sampling occurred during the summers of 2017 and 2018 on Zestar! and Honeycrisp cultivars in four different apple orchards. Abundance and defoliation of P. japonica was higher on Honeycrisp than Zestar!. Parasitism of P. japonica by I. aldrichi was higher for females than for males. In 2018, the relationship between parasitism of P. japonica and host density varied by cultivar. These findings may help growers determine which apple cultivars should be prioritized for scouting and management efforts and may provide an estimate of potential biological control by I. aldrichi in agricultural areas in the Midwest.
Rapid Identification of Tropilaelaps Mite (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) Species Using a COI Barcode-HRM
Authors: Del Cont Aurélie , De Georges Benjamin , Huleux Anthea , Duquesne Veronique 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tropilaelaps mite (Mesostigmata: Laelapidae) is an ectoparasite of bees present, to date, only on the Asian continent. In the context of the threat of Tropilaelaps’s introduction into new regions, accurate, rapid, and sensitive detection of the Tropilaelaps spp. is essential. In the present study, we developed a novel molecular method for bee mite’s identification, which consists of a new real-time PCR method. A high-resolution melting analysis (HRM) was then performed on the amplified products to differentiate the species. PCR amplification was applied on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (580 bp). Short fragments from the most variable regions of this gene were identified in silico to amplify and discriminate among the four Tropilaelaps species. Four reference plasmids were synthesized to characterize species by well-distinguished melting curves. The method was then validated in terms of its specificity and sensitivity using a panel of 12 specimens. The results showed that an HRM method can be applied for the intended objective: for rapid and simultaneous identification of Tropilaelaps species. To our knowledge, this study reports the first direct HRM assay developed for the genome of a bee mite, specific for Tropilaelaps species. This COI barcode-HRM technique could be a promising tool for mite species identification.
Estimation of weak anisotropy parameters and fracture density of asymmetric fractures in monoclinic medium
Authors: Ge Zijian , Pan Shulin , Li Jingye , Zhang Dongjun , Luo Haoran 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
One of the typical anisotropic media is the monoclinic anisotropy (MA) medium, which is formed by embedding two sets of non-orthogonal fracture sets into an isotropic or vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) background medium. Weak anisotropy (WA) parameters and fracture density provide important in situ stress and high-porosity zone information. Estimation of WA parameters and fracture density of MA medium by prestack seismic amplitude inversion is important for shale reservoir characterisation. We derive the expression of generalised WA parameters in a basic reflection coefficients formula of MA medium by incorporating a stiffness matrix of VTI background and disturbance compliance matrix of asymmetric fracture. We then re-express the P-wave reflection coefficients in terms of WA parameters and fracture compliance tensors. To achieve the direct inversion of fracture density, we rewrite the linearised expression of P-wave reflection coefficients related to WA parameters and fracture density. Finally, under the Bayesian framework, the WA parameters and fracture density are estimated by using the amplitude versus offset and azimuth (AVOA) inversion parameters. We use a Monte Carlo simulation to test the effect of uncertainties in the priori information about fracture property parameters. The application of synthetic seismic gathers show that the proposed inversion strategy is reliable within moderate noise. Compared with the results obtained by using inversion based on a rotationally invariant fracture, the test indicates that a fracture model with a simplified shape or wrong assumption will increase calculation error and reduce the inversion accuracy.
A relationship between stellar metallicity gradients and galaxy age in dwarf galaxies
Authors: Mercado Francisco J , Bullock James S , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Moreno Jorge , Wetzel Andrew , El-Badry Kareem , Graus Andrew S , Fitts Alex , Hopkins Philip F , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Gurvich Alexander B 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We explore the origin of stellar metallicity gradients in simulated and observed dwarf galaxies. We use FIRE-2 cosmological baryonic zoom-in simulations of 26 isolated galaxies as well as existing observational data for 10 Local Group dwarf galaxies. Our simulated galaxies have stellar masses between 105.5 and 108.6 M⊙. Whilst gas-phase metallicty gradients are generally weak in our simulated galaxies, we find that stellar metallicity gradients are common, with central regions tending to be more metal-rich than the outer parts. The strength of the gradient is correlated with galaxy-wide median stellar age, such that galaxies with younger stellar populations have flatter gradients. Stellar metallicty gradients are set by two competing processes: (1) the steady ‘puffing’ of old, metal-poor stars by feedback-driven potential fluctuations and (2) the accretion of extended, metal-rich gas at late times, which fuels late-time metal-rich star formation. If recent star formation dominates, then extended, metal-rich star formation washes out pre-existing gradients from the ‘puffing’ process. We use published results from ten Local Group dwarf galaxies to show that a similar relationship between age and stellar metallicity-gradient strength exists among real dwarfs. This suggests that observed stellar metallicity gradients may be driven largely by the baryon/feedback cycle rather than by external environmental effects.
Centroid migration on an impacted granular slope due to asymmetric ejecta deposition and landsliding
Authors: Omura Tomomi , Takizawa Shinta , Katsuragi Hiroaki 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
For a fundamental understanding of terrain relaxation occurring on sloped surfaces of terrestrial bodies, we analyse the crater shape produced by an impact on an inclined granular (dry-sand) layer. Owing to asymmetric ejecta deposition followed by landsliding, the slope of the impacted inclined surface can be relaxed. Using the experimental results of a solid projectile impact on an inclined dry-sand layer, we measure the distance of centroid migration induced by asymmetric cratering. We find that the centroid migration distance xmig normalized to the crater minor-axis diameter Dcy can be expressed as a function of the initial inclination of the target tan θ, the effective friction coefficient μ, and two parameters K and c that characterize the asymmetric ejecta deposition and oblique impact effect: xmig/Dcy = K tan θ/[1 − (tan θ/μ)2] + c, where K = 0.6, μ = 0.8, and c = −0.1 to 0.3. This result is consistent with a previous study that considered the effect of asymmetric ejecta deposition. The obtained results provide fundamental information for analysing the degradation of sloped terrain on planetary surfaces, such as crater-shape degradation due to the accumulation of micro-impacts.
Reference wavelengths of Si ii, C ii, Fe i, and Ni ii for quasar absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Nave Gillian , Clear Christian 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Wavelengths of absorption lines in the spectra of galaxies along the line of sight to distant quasars can be used to probe the variablility of the fine structure constant, α, at high redshifts, provided that the laboratory wavelengths are known to better than 6 parts in 108, corresponding to a radial velocity of ≈20 ms−1. For several lines of Si ii, C ii, Fe i, and Ni ii, previously published wavelengths are inadequate for this purpose. Improved wavelengths for these lines were derived by re-analysing archival Fourier transform (FT) spectra of iron hollow cathode lamps (HCL), a silicon carbide Penning discharge lamp, and with new spectra of nickel HCLs. By reoptimizing the energy levels of Fe i, the absolute uncertainty of 13 resonance lines has been reduced by over a factor of 2. A similar analysis for Si ii gives improved values for 45 lines with wavelength uncertainties over an order of magnitude smaller than previous measurements. Improved wavelengths for eight lines of Ni ii were measured and Ritz wavelengths from optimized energy levels determined for an additional three lines at shorter wavelengths. Three lines of C ii near 135 nm were observed using FT spectroscopy and the wavelengths confirm previous measurements.
The growth of H ii regions around massive stars: the role of metallicity and dust
Authors: Ali Ahmad A 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Gas metallicity (Z) and the related dust-to-gas ratio (fd) can influence the growth of H ii regions via metal line cooling and ultraviolet (UV) absorption. We model these effects in star-forming regions containing massive stars. We compute stellar feedback from photoionization and radiation pressure (RP) using Monte Carlo radiative transfer coupled with hydrodynamics, including stellar and diffuse radiation fields. We follow a $10^{5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ turbulent cloud with Z/Z⊙ = 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.1, and $f_\textrm{d} = 0.01\, Z/Z_{\odot }$ with a cluster-sink particle method for star formation. The models evolve for at least 1.5 Myr under feedback. Lower Z results in higher temperatures and therefore larger H ii regions. For Z ≥ Z⊙, RP (Prad) can dominate locally over the gas pressure (Pgas) in the inner half-parsec around sink particles. Globally, the ratio of Prad/Pgas is around 1 (2 Z⊙), 0.3 (Z⊙), 0.1 (0.5 Z⊙), and 0.03 (0.1 Z⊙). In the solar model, excluding RP results in an ionized volume several times smaller than the fiducial model with both mechanisms. Excluding RP and UV attenuation by dust results in a larger ionized volume than the fiducial case. That is, UV absorption hinders growth more than RP helps it. The radial expansion velocity of ionized gas reaches +15 km s−1 outwards, while neutral gas has inward velocities for most of the runtime, except for 0.1 Z⊙ that exceeds +4 km s−1. Z and fd do not significantly alter the star formation efficiency, rate, or cluster half-mass radius, with the exception of 0.1 Z⊙ due to the earlier expulsion of neutral gas.
Extreme mass-ratio gravitational-wave sources: mass segregation and post binary tidal-disruption captures
Authors: Raveh Yael , Perets Hagai B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The gravitational-wave (GW) inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects on to a supermassive black hole (SMBH), are some of the most promising GW sources detectable by next-generation space-born GW-detectors. The rates and characteristics of such extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) sources are highly uncertain. They are determined by the dynamics of stars near MBHs and the rate at which compacts objects are driven to the close proximity of the MBH. Here, we consider weakly and strongly mass-segregated nuclear clusters and the evolution of stars captured into highly eccentric orbits following binary disruptions by the MBH. We make use of a Monte Carlo approach to model the diffusion of both captured objects and compact-objects brought through two-body relaxation processes. We calculate the rates of GW-inspirals resulting from relaxation-driven objects and characterize EMRIs properties. We correct previous studies and show that relaxation-driven sources produce GW-sources with lower-eccentricity than previously found and provide the detailed EMRI eccentricity distribution in the weak and strong mass-segregation regimes. We also show that binary-disruption captured-stars could introduce low-eccentricity GW-sources of stellar BH EMRIs in mass-segregated clusters. The eccentricities of the GW-sources from the capture channel, however, are strongly affected by relaxation processes and are significantly higher than previously suggested. We find that both the rate and eccentricity distribution of EMRIs could probe the dynamics near MBHs, and the contribution of captured stars, characterize the mass-function of stellar compact objects, and verify whether weak or strong mass-segregation processes take place near MBHs.
HAPHPIPE: Haplotype Reconstruction and Phylodynamics for Deep Sequencing of Intrahost Viral Populations
Authors: Bendall Matthew L , Gibson Keylie M , Steiner Margaret C , Rentia Uzma , Pérez-Losada Marcos , Crandall Keith A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Deep sequencing of viral populations using next-generation sequencing (NGS) offers opportunities to understand and investigate evolution, transmission dynamics, and population genetics. Currently, the standard practice for processing NGS data to study viral populations is to summarize all the observed sequences from a sample as a single consensus sequence, thus discarding valuable information about the intrahost viral molecular epidemiology. Furthermore, existing analytical pipelines may only analyze genomic regions involved in drug resistance, thus are not suited for full viral genome analysis. Here, we present HAPHPIPE, a HAplotype and PHylodynamics PIPEline for genome-wide assembly of viral consensus sequences and haplotypes. The HAPHPIPE protocol includes modules for quality trimming, error correction, de novo assembly, alignment, and haplotype reconstruction. The resulting consensus sequences, haplotypes, and alignments can be further analyzed using a variety of phylogenetic and population genetic software. HAPHPIPE is designed to provide users with a single pipeline to rapidly analyze sequences from viral populations generated from NGS platforms and provide quality output properly formatted for downstream evolutionary analyses.
Safety and Feasibility of Outpatient Rehabilitation in Patients With Secondary Bone Cancer: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Tabacof Laura , Delgado Andrew , Dewil Sophie , Reis Fabiana , Velar Camila Molina , Corteline Munique Egle Dona , Cecatto Rebeca Boltes , Putrino David , Imamura Marta , Battistella Linamara Rizzo , Moran de Brito Christina May 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Because of fear of skeletal complications, physicians often avoid referring patients with secondary bone cancer (SBC) to physical rehabilitation. However, there is little evidence on the risk of skeletal-related events (SREs) and pathological fracture (PF) during rehabilitation therapies.

Objective:
To determine the risk of PF following physical rehabilitation in people with SBC.

Design:
Single-group, single-centered interventional clinical trial.

Setting:
University-based outpatient rehabilitation clinic.

Patients:
Forty-eight patients with confirmed diagnosis of SBC were enrolled.

Interventions:
Participants were prescribed a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program. Participants and rehabilitation therapists were trained to detect and report symptoms that would indicate PF. Radiographs were used to confirm the presence of PF.

Measurements:
The primary outcomes were safety and feasibility of an outpatient rehabilitation program for patients with SBC. Safety was measured by the rate of SREs. Feasibility was measured by the ability to successfully complete the program. Secondary outcome measures included Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and numeric rating scale (NRS) scores to assess pain intensity.

Results:
One PF was detected, which occurred outside of rehabilitation therapy. Two other SREs occurred, resulting in a total event rate of 11.8 for every 10 000 hours of exposure. There was a significant improvement in NRS (95% CI, 1.41-3.08, P < .001) and SF-36 measures (95% CI, 80.35-158.11, P < .001).

Limitations:
Twenty participants (42%) did not complete the rehabilitation program due to clinical complications or death.

Conclusions:
Rehabilitation interventions may not increase the risk of SREs or PF in patients with SBC. Further research is indicated to verify these findings.
Health Promotion, Wellness, and Prevention Practice in Oncologic Physical Therapy: A Survey Study
Authors: Wilson Christopher M. , Lucado Ann M. , Wendland Deborah M. , Taylor David W. M. , Black Beth 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Cancer and its treatments cause a variety of symptoms and sequelae that can be impacted by patients' health behaviors.

Objective/Purpose:
To examine the perceptions of their role and the extent to which physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs) include health promotion, wellness, and prevention (HPWP) in the care of patients with cancer.

Design:
Survey.

Methods:
A survey was developed to examine the perceptions, current practice, and barriers to HPWP practice in oncologic physical therapist practice. After reliability testing and survey refinement, the survey was administered electronically to PTs and PTAs who provide care for individuals with cancer. The responses of 69 PTs and 4 PTAs who completed the survey were analyzed.

Results:
Respondents reported their perceived role versus current practice in discussing the following behaviors with their patients: physical activity/exercise (99%/99%), stress management (93%/72%), sleep hygiene (92%/61%), tobacco use (83%/28%), healthy eating (82%/71%), alcohol/substance abuse (74%/7%), and vaping/e-cigarettes (73%/3%). Reported barriers to HPWP practice included economic limitations, lack of time, level of patient interest, inadequate skills, and lack of organizational support and resources.

Conclusions:
There was close alignment between respondents' perceived roles and HPWP practice for physical activity, healthy eating, and stress management but less agreement with the behaviors of sleep hygiene, alcohol/tobacco/substance use, and vaping. Limitations included a low response rate and limited psychometric testing of the survey. Because of the potential positive effect of healthy behaviors in those diagnosed with cancer, there is opportunity to better incorporate HPWP into oncologic physical therapist practice.
Exploring the origin and regulatory role of mast cells in asthma
Authors: Murphy Ryan C. , Hallstrand Teal S. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
Mast cells have previously been thought to function solely as effector cells in asthma but more recent studies have indicated that mast cells may play a more central role in propagating and regulating lower airway inflammation in asthma.

Recent findings
Initial studies have found increased numbers of mast cell progenitors (MCPs) in the peripheral blood of patients with asthma and these cells could contribute to the increased number of progenitors identified in the airways of patients with asthma. There are unique subpopulations of mast cells within the asthmatic airway, which are characterized by their physical location and distinguished by their expression profile of mast cell proteases. Intraepithelial mast cells are tightly associated with type-2 (T2) inflammation but additional studies have suggested a role for anti-mast cell therapies as a treatment for T2-low asthma. Mast cells have recently been shown to closely communicate with the airway epithelium and airway smooth muscle to regulate lower airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.

Summary
Recent studies have better illuminated the central role of mast cells in regulating lower airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.