bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy with rifampicin or fosfomycin in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection at high risk for complications or relapse: results of a large prospective observational cohort
Authors: Rieg Siegbert , Ernst Angela , Peyerl-Hoffmann Gabriele , Joost Insa , Camp Johannes , Hellmich Martin , Kern Winfried V , Kaasch Achim J , Seifert Harald 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB) patients at high risk for complications or relapse benefit from combination therapy with adjunctive rifampicin or fosfomycin.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis, SAB patients with native valve infective endocarditis, osteoarticular infections or implanted foreign devices were included. The co-primary endpoints were all-cause 90 day mortality and death or SAB-related late complications within 180 days. To overcome treatment selection bias and account for its time dependence, inverse probability of treatment weights were calculated and included in marginal structural Cox proportional hazard models (MSCMs).

Results
A total of 578 patients were included in the analysis, of which 313 (54%) received combination therapy with either rifampicin (n = 242) or fosfomycin (n = 58). In the multivariable MSCM, combination therapy was associated with a better outcome, that is, a lower rate of death or SAB-related late complications within 180 days (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46–0.92). This beneficial effect was primarily seen in patients with implanted foreign devices, in which combination therapy was associated with a lower rate of death or SAB-related late complications within 180 days (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.79) and a lower 90 day mortality (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.91). Upon agent-specific stratification, we found no significant differences in outcomes between combination therapy containing rifampicin and fosfomycin; however, the number of patients in most subgroups was not large enough to draw firm conclusions.

Conclusions
In patients with implanted foreign devices, combination therapy was associated with a better long-term outcome. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
In vivo activity of human-simulated regimens of imipenem alone and in combination with relebactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the murine thigh infection model
Authors: Reyes Sergio , Abdelraouf Kamilia , Nicolau David P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundImipenem/relebactam is a carbapenem/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with in vitro activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales, including KPC producers.ObjectivesTo provide translational data to support the clinical utility of the imipenem/relebactam 500/250 mg q6h regimen using a human-simulated regimen (HSR) of imipenem/relebactam, compared with imipenem alone, against a phenotypically and genotypically diverse population of P. aeruginosa.MethodsTwenty-nine P. aeruginosa isolates, including KPC (n = 6), PDC (n = 9), PAO (n = 4), GES (n = 5) and VIM (n = 1) producers, were used for the in vivo efficacy studies. Neutropenic mice were thigh-inoculated and randomized to receive HSRs of either imipenem 500 mg q6h, imipenem 1 g q8h, imipenem/relebactam 500/250 mg q6h or saline.ResultsTwenty-seven of the 29 isolates examined were imipenem resistant, with 24/29 isolates showing imipenem MICs of ≥32 mg/L. The addition of relebactam decreased the MICs up to 64-fold; imipenem/relebactam MICs ranged from 0.25 to &gt;32 mg/L. Efficacies of the imipenem monotherapies and the imipenem/relebactam therapy were comparable for the two imipenem-susceptible organisms. Among the imipenem-resistant isolates, an increased mean growth was observed in the imipenem 500 mg q6h HSR and 1 g q8h HSR treatment groups of 1.31 ± 1.01 and 0.18 ± 1.67 log10 cfu/thigh, respectively. In contrast, a ≥2 log reduction in bacterial density was observed in 27/29 (93%) of the imipenem-resistant isolates subjected to imipenem/relebactam 500/250 mg q6h HSR.ConclusionsThe imipenem/relebactam 500/250 mg q6h HSR demonstrated superior in vivo activity compared with the conventionally employed imipenem regimens against MDR P. aeruginosa over a wide range of imipenem/relebactam MICs.
Chromium propionate increases insulin sensitivity in horses following oral and intravenous carbohydrate administration
Authors: Spears Jerry W , Lloyd Karen E , Siciliano Paul , Pratt-Phillips Shannon , Goertzen Ellen W , McLeod Sarah J , Moore Jennifer , Krafka Kristi , Hyda Jill , Rounds Whitney 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Forty-eight Quarter Horse geldings (3 to 8 yr of age) were used to determine the effects of dietary chromium (Cr), in the form of Cr propionate (Cr Prop) on insulin sensitivity. Horses were blocked by age, body condition score, and glucose response to concentrate feeding on day 0 and randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg Cr/d from Cr Prop. Horses were fed daily a concentrate mix at a rate of 0.2 kg/100 kg body weight (BW) and grass hay at 1.75 to 2.0 kg/100 kg BW. All horses were fed the control diet for 7 d prior to the initiation of the study. After an overnight fast, blood samples from the jugular vein were obtained at 0, 2, and 4 h after concentrate feeding on days 0 and 28 for the determination of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and insulin. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was conducted on day 42. Glucose was infused via jugular vein catheters, and blood samples were collected at various times relative to dosing for glucose and insulin determination. Plasma glucose on day 28 was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by treatment, time, and treatment × time. Horses fed 4 mg Cr/d had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) plasma glucose concentrations than those in the other treatments at 0 h. At 2 h post-feeding glucose concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in horses fed 0 or 8 mg Cr/d than in those given 4 mg Cr. Horses fed 2 mg Cr/d had lesser (P &lt; 0.05) plasma glucose at 4 h post feeding compared with those fed 0 or 8 mg Cr. Plasma glucose did not differ among horses receiving 2 or 4 mg Cr/d at 2 or 4 h. Serum insulin was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by treatment, time, and treatment × time. Insulin concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in horses fed 0 or 2 mg Cr/d than in those given 4 or 8 mg Cr at 0 h. At 4 h post-feeding insulin concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in horses given 0 or 8 mg Cr than in those fed 2 or 4 mg Cr/d. Plasma glucose was affected (P &lt; 0.05) by treatment and time, but not by treatment × time following the GTT. Mean plasma glucose (across sampling times) concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in controls than in horses fed 2 or 4 mg Cr/d. Glucose concentrations following the GTT did not differ among controls and horses given 8 mg Cr/d. Following glucose infusion, serum insulin concentrations were greater (P &lt; 0.05) in horses fed 2 or 4 mg Cr and tended to be greater in those fed 8 mg Cr/d compared with controls. The results of this study indicate that 2 or 4 mg Cr/d from Cr Prop increased insulin sensitivity in adult horses following oral carbohydrate consumption.
Development and Validation of an ICP-MS Method and Its Application to Determine Multiple Trace Elements in Small Volumes of Whole Blood and Plasma
Authors: Tanvir E M , Whitfield Karen M , Ng Jack C , Shaw P Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEssential and nonessential element concentrations in human blood provide important information on the nutritional status of individuals and can assist in the screening or diagnosis of certain disorders and their association with other causative factors. A simple and sensitive method, suitable for use with small sample volumes, for quantification of multiple trace element concentrations in whole blood and plasma has been developed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Method validation was performed using standard reference materials of whole blood and serum using varying sample treatments with nitric acid, water and hydrogen peroxide. The method was applied to quantify the trace element concentrations in whole blood and plasma samples (0.1 mL) from 50 adult blood donors in Queensland. The whole blood sample (5 mL) was collected in Vacutainer tubes with K2EDTA as anticoagulant. The developed method was able to quantify, in blood and plasma samples over a wide range of concentrations, several essential elements: cobalt, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and selenium; the nutritionally probably essential elements vanadium and strontium; and nonessential elements including lead, cadmium, arsenic, caesium, barium, thallium and uranium. Significant differences (P &lt; 0.0001) were observed between whole blood and plasma concentrations for 13 elements; 5 of the measured elements, cobalt (0.49 vs. 0.36 μg/L), copper (1.0 vs. 0.75 mg/L), strontium (28 vs. 16 μg/L), barium (1.5 vs. 0.64 μg/L) and thallium (0.06 vs. 0.03 μg/L), had higher mean concentrations in plasma than in blood. Whole blood concentrations of nine trace elements were significantly correlated (P &lt; 0.0001) with plasma concentrations. The distribution of the trace elements between human blood and plasma varied considerably for the different elements. These results indicate that, using a small sample volume, this assay is suitable for the evaluation of nutritional status as well as in monitoring human toxic elemental exposures.
Density-based shape optimization for fail-safe design
Authors: Ambrozkiewicz Olaf , Kriegesmann Benedikt 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a two-stage procedure for density-based optimization towards a fail-safe design. Existing approaches either are computationally extremely expensive or do not explicitly consider fail-safe requirements in the optimization. The current approach trades off both aspects by employing two sequential optimizations to deliver redundant designs that offer robustness to partial failure. In the first stage, a common topology optimization or a topology optimization with local volume constraints is performed. The second stage is referred to as “density-based shape optimization” since it only alters the outline of the structure while still acting on a fixed voxel-type finite element mesh with pseudo-densities assigned to each element. The performance gain and computational efficiency of the current approach are demonstrated by application to various 2D and 3D examples. The results show that, in contrast to explicitly enforcing fail-safety in topology optimization, the current approach can be carried out with reasonable computational cost. Compared to the local volume constraint approach, the suggested procedure further increases the fail-safe performance by 47% for the example considered.
Re-evaluation of the nor mutation and the role of the NAC-NOR transcription factor in tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Gao Ying , Wei Wei , Fan Zhongqi , Zhao Xiaodan , Zhang Yiping , Jing Yuan , Zhu Benzhong , Zhu Hongliang , Shan Wei , Chen Jianye , Grierson Donald , Luo Yunbo , Jemrić Tomislav , Jiang Cai-Zhong , Fu Da-Qi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The tomato non-ripening (nor) mutant generates a truncated 186-amino-acid protein (NOR186) and has been demonstrated previously to be a gain-of-function mutant. Here, we provide more evidence to support this view and answer the open question of whether the NAC-NOR gene is important in fruit ripening. Overexpression of NAC-NOR in the nor mutant did not restore the full ripening phenotype. Further analysis showed that the truncated NOR186 protein is located in the nucleus and binds to but does not activate the promoters of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase2 (SlACS2), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase2 (SlGgpps2), and pectate lyase (SlPL), which are involved in ethylene biosynthesis, carotenoid accumulation, and fruit softening, respectively. The activation of the promoters by the wild-type NOR protein can be inhibited by the mutant NOR186 protein. On the other hand, ethylene synthesis, carotenoid accumulation, and fruit softening were significantly inhibited in CR-NOR (CRISPR/Cas9-edited NAC-NOR) fruit compared with the wild-type, but much less severely affected than in the nor mutant, while they were accelerated in OE-NOR (overexpressed NAC-NOR) fruit. These data further indicated that nor is a gain-of-function mutation and NAC-NOR plays a significant role in ripening of wild-type fruit.
Chloride is beneficial for growth of the xerophyte Pugionium cornutum by enhancing osmotic adjustment capacity under salt and drought stresses
Authors: Cui Yan-Nong , Li Xiao-Ting , Yuan Jian-Zhen , Wang Fang-Zhen , Guo Huan , Xia Zeng-Run , Wang Suo-Min , Ma Qing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChloride (Cl–) is pervasive in saline soils, and research on its influence on plants has mainly focused on its role as an essential nutrient and its toxicity when excessive accumulation occurs. However, the possible functions of Cl– in plants adapting to abiotic stresses have not been well documented. Previous studies have shown that the salt tolerance of the xerophytic species Pugionium cornutum might be related to high Cl– accumulation. In this study, we investigated the Cl–-tolerant characteristics and possible physiological functions of Cl– in the salt tolerance and drought resistance of P. cornutum. We found that P. cornutum can accumulate a large amount of Cl– in its shoots, facilitating osmotic adjustment and turgor generation under saline conditions. Application of DIDS (4,4´-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2´-disulfonic acid), a blocker of anion channels, significantly inhibited Cl– uptake, and decreased both the Cl– content and its contribution to leaf osmotic adjustment, resulting in the exacerbation of growth inhibition in response to NaCl. Unlike glycophytes, P. cornutum was able to maintain NO3– homeostasis in its shoots when large amounts of Cl– were absorbed and accumulated. The addition of NaCl mitigated the deleterious effects of osmotic stress on P. cornutum because Cl– accumulation elicited a strong osmotic adjustment capacity. These findings suggest that P. cornutum is a Cl–-tolerant species that can absorb and accumulate Cl– to improve growth under salt and drought stresses.
Jasmonate-independent regulation of digestive enzyme activity in the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina
Authors: Kocáb Ondřej , Jakšová Jana , Novák Ondřej , Petřík Ivan , Lenobel René , Chamrád Ivo , Pavlovič Andrej 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCarnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate whether jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway that exists outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities, and phytohormone tissue levels in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the digestive secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive secretion, many of which were previously found in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, alpha-amylase is unique in carnivorous plants. Enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture; however, the tissue content of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate remained rather low in contrast to the jasmonate response to wounding. Enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of jasmonic acid or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for the induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. × Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for carnivory.
The isoleucic acid triad: distinct impacts on plant defense, root growth, and formation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Bauer Sibylle , Mekonnen Dereje W , Geist Birgit , Lange Birgit , Ghirardo Andrea , Zhang Wei , Schäffner Anton R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIsoleucic acid (ILA), a branched-chain amino acid-related 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid, occurs ubiquitously in plants. It enhances pathogen resistance and inhibits root growth of Arabidopsis. The salicylic acid (SA) glucosyltransferase UGT76B1 is able to conjugate ILA. Here, we investigate the role of ILA in planta in Arabidopsis and reveal a triad of distinct responses to this small molecule. ILA synergistically co-operates with SA to activate SA-responsive gene expression and resistance in a UGT76B1-dependent manner in agreement with the observed competitive ILA-dependent repression of SA glucosylation by UGT76B1. However, ILA also shows an SA-independent stress response. Nitroblue tetrazolium staining and pharmacological experiments indicate that ILA induces superoxide formation of the wild type and of an SA-deficient (NahG sid2) line. In contrast, the inhibitory effect of ILA on root growth is independent of both SA and superoxide induction. These effects of ILA are specific and distinct from its isomeric compound leucic acid and from the amino acid isoleucine. Leucic acid and isoleucine do not induce expression of defense marker genes or superoxide production, whereas both compounds inhibit root growth. All three responses to ILA are also observed in Brassica napus.
Interconnecting music repositories with semantic web technologies—An RDF- and schema.org-based approach
Authors: Neovesky Anna , von Vlahovits Frederic 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The growing amount of openly available research data enables various possibilities of reuse. Data can be analyzed, visualized, or even further processed, enriched, and combined with other sources to enable new research questions and a different view on the material. Several catalogues and research tools aggregate collections on specific topics to make them searchable and reusable. To be able to bring together different collections, a common data standard is necessary. This article discusses how semantic web technologies can be used to connect digital as well as analogue music catalogues and music editions. The article first discusses how music can be searched using its characteristic melody and presents the approach of the open-source search engine for music incipits, IncipitSearch. Subsequently, the advantages of semantic web standards for musicology are highlighted. Then, the underlying RDF- and schema.org-based metadata standard, which is used to aggregate and distribute the data, is discussed. The article concludes with an outlook on research perspectives for digital musicology and musicology in general.
The average physical properties of A-G stars derived from uvby-H β Strömgren–Crawford photometry as the basis for a spectral-classification synthetical approach
Authors: Dalle Mese G , López-Cruz O , Schuster W J , Chavarría-K C , Ibarra-Medel H J 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTWe have revisited and updated the uvby Strömgren colour and colour–index distributions of A-, F-, and early G-type main-sequence stars. For this aim, we selected 7054 dwarf stars along with 65 Morgan–Keeman (MK) standard stars within the same spectral range but covering all luminosity classes. The standard stars were selected following the MK mandate strictly, using spectra taken at classification resolution recorded on photographic plates. We used the colours of these stars to determine the effective temperature and surface gravity. After correcting for systematic offsets using fundamental parameters and considering a few exceptions, we find a one-to-one correspondence, among MK spectral types, Strömgren photometry, and their associated physical properties.We have applied a principal component analysis to the mean Strömgren indices for dwarf stars complemented by MK standards for higher luminosity classes. We have used the projections to introduce three new photometric metaindices, namely SM1, SM2, and SM3. We have defined a 3D-box, which allowed us to segregate dwarf stars from bright giants and supergiant stars, with the aid of the metaindices. Two of the planes show that the projections of dwarfs and supergiants are ordered by temperature; however, the temperature dependence for the supergiants is not as well defined as for the dwarfs. Following the MK Process, we were able to form an automatic classifier. We present some applications and assigned synthetical spectral types. We suggest that our metaindices formalism allows the extension of Strömgren photometric outside its original mandate (i.e. later types), without requiring the introduction of additional photometric filters.
Constraining radio mode feedback in galaxy clusters with the cluster radio AGNs properties to z ∼ 1
Authors: Gupta N , Pannella M , Mohr J J , Klein M , Rykoff E S , Annis J , Avila S , Bianchini F , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Bulbul E , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Chiu I , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , Desai S , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Everett S , Evrard A E , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Jeltema T , Kuehn K , Lidman C , Lima M , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , McDonald M , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Reichardt C L , Sanchez E , Santiago B , Saro A , Scarpine V , Schindler R , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Shao X , Smith M , Stott J P , Strazzullo V , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Vikram V , Zenteno A 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the properties of the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey (SUMSS) 843 MHz radio active galactic nuclei (AGNs) population in galaxy clusters from two large catalogues created using the Dark Energy Survey (DES): ∼11 800 optically selected RM-Y3 and ∼1000 X-ray selected MARD-Y3 clusters. We show that cluster radio loud AGNs are highly concentrated around cluster centres to $z$ ∼ 1. We measure the halo occupation number for cluster radio AGNs above a threshold luminosity, finding that the number of radio AGNs per cluster increases with cluster halo mass as N ∝ M1.2 ± 0.1 (N ∝ M0.68 ± 0.34) for the RM-Y3 (MARD-Y3) sample. Together, these results indicate that radio mode feedback is favoured in more massive galaxy clusters. Using optical counterparts for these sources, we demonstrate weak redshift evolution in the host broad-band colours and the radio luminosity at fixed host galaxy stellar mass. We use the redshift evolution in radio luminosity to break the degeneracy between density and luminosity evolution scenarios in the redshift trend of the radio AGNs luminosity function (LF). The LF exhibits a redshift trend of the form (1 + $z$)γ in density and luminosity, respectively, of γD = 3.0 ± 0.4 and γP = 0.21 ± 0.15 in the RM-Y3 sample, and γD = 2.6 ± 0.7 and γP = 0.31 ± 0.15 in MARD-Y3. We discuss the physical drivers of radio mode feedback in cluster AGNs, and we use the cluster radio galaxy LF to estimate the average radio-mode feedback energy as a function of cluster mass and redshift and compare it to the core (&lt;0.1R500) X-ray radiative losses for clusters at $z$ &lt; 1.