bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aurora B phosphorylates Bub1 to promote spindle assembly checkpoint signaling
Authors: Roy Babhrubahan , Han Simon J. Y. , Fontan Adrienne N. , Jema Soubhagyalaxmi , Joglekar Ajit P. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryAccurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires amphitelic chromosome attachment to the spindle apparatus. It is ensured by the combined activity of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint1(SAC), a signaling mechanism that delays anaphase onset in response to unattached chromosomes, and an error correction mechanism that eliminates syntelic attachments2. The SAC becomes active when Mps1 kinase sequentially phosphorylates the kinetochore protein Spc105/KNL1 and the signaling proteins that Spc105/KNL1 recruits to facilitate the production of the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex3-8(MCC). The error correction mechanism is regulated by the Aurora B kinase, but Aurora B also promotes SAC signaling via indirect mechanisms9-12. Here we present evidence that Aurora B kinase activity directly promotes MCC production by working downstream of Mps1 in budding yeast and human cells. Using the ectopic SAC activation (eSAC) system, we find that the conditional dimerization of Aurora B in budding yeast, and an Aurora B recruitment domain in HeLa cells, with either Bub1 or Mad1, but not the phosphodomain of Spc105/KNL1, leads to ectopic MCC production and mitotic arrest13-16. Importantly, Bub1 must recruit both Mad1 and Cdc20 for this ectopic signaling activity. These and other data show that Aurora B cooperates with Bub1 to promote MCC production, but only after Mps1 licenses Bub1 recruitment to the kinetochore. This direct involvement of Aurora B in SAC signaling may maintain SAC signaling even after Mps1 activity in the kinetochore is lowered.
Pak1 and PP2A antagonize aPKC function to support cortical tension induced by the Crumbs-Yurt complex
Authors: Biehler Cornélia , Rothenberg Katheryn E. , Jetté Alexandra , Gaudé Hélori-Mael , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo , Laprise Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTheDrosophilapolarity protein Crumbs is essential for the establishment and growth of the apical domain in epithelial cells. The protein Yurt limits the ability of Crumbs to promote apical membrane growth, thereby defining proper apical/lateral membrane ratio that is crucial for forming and maintaining complex epithelial structures such as tubes or acini.Here, we show that Yurt also increases Myosin-dependent cortical tension downstream of Crumbs. Yurt overexpression thus induces apical constriction in epithelial cells.The kinase aPKC phosphorylates Yurt, thereby dislodging the latter from the apical domain and releasing apical tension. In contrast, the kinase Pak1 promotes Yurt dephosphorylation through activation of the phosphatase PP2A. The Pak1– PP2A module thus opposes aPKC function and supports Yurt-induced apical constriction. Hence, the complex interplay between Yurt, aPKC, Pak1 and PP2A contributes to the functional plasticity of Crumbs. Overall, our data increase our understanding of how proteins sustaining epithelial cell polarization and Myosin-dependent cell contractility interact with one another to control epithelial tissue architecture.
Mitochondria biogenesis in the synapse is supported by local translation
Authors: Kuzniewska Bozena , Cysewski Dominik , Wasilewski Michal , Sakowska Paulina , Milek Jacek , Kulinski Tomasz M. , Kozielewicz Pawel , Dadlez Michal , Chacinska Agnieszka , Dziembowski Andrzej , Dziembowska Magdalena 
Published: January 2021

SummarySynapses are the regions of the neuron that enable the transmission and propagation of action potentials on the cost of high energy consumption and elevated demand for mitochondrial ATP production. The rapid changes in local energetic requirements at dendritic spines imply the role of mitochondria in the maintenance of their homeostasis. Using global proteomic analysis supported with complementary experimental approaches, we show that an important pool of mitochondrial proteins is locally produced at the synapse indicating that mitochondrial biogenesis takes place locally to maintain the pool of functional mitochondria in axons and dendrites. Furthermore, we show that stimulation of synaptoneurosomes induces the local synthesis of mitochondrial proteins that are transported to the mitochondria and incorporated into the protein supercomplexes of the respiratory chain.SynopsisMitochondria biogenesis in the synapse is supported by local translationMitochondrial proteins represent a large pool of proteins synthesized locally at the synapseNewly synthesized mitochondrial proteins are imported into the mitochondria and incorporated into the respiratory chain complexesUncoupling of mitochondria and blocking mitochondrial import inhibits incorporation of de novo synthesized proteins into the mitochondrial protein complexes
Oncological reasons for performing a complete mesocolic excision: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kong Joseph C. , Prabhakaran Swetha , Choy Kay T. , Larach José T. , Heriot Alexander , Warrier Satish K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundWhile complete mesocolic excision (CME) has been shown to have an oncological benefit as compared to conventional colonic surgery for colon surgery, this benefit must be weighed up against the risk of major intra‐abdominal complications. This paper aimed to assess the comparative oncological benefits of CME.MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines, a systematic review of the literature until May 2020 was performed. Comparative studies assessing CME versus conventional colonic surgery for colon cancer were compared, and outcomes were pooled.ResultsA total of 700 publications were identified, of which 19 were found to meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 25 886 patients were compared, with 14 431 patients in the CME arm. CME was associated with a significantly higher rate of vascular injury (odds ratio 3, P < 0.001). Rates of local and distant recurrence were lower in the CME group (odds ratio 0.66 and 0.73, respectively, both P < 0.001). CME patients had a significantly higher lymph node yield (P < 0.001). While no significant differences were noted between the two groups in terms of pooled 3‐ or 5‐year disease‐free survival, pooled 5‐year overall survival was significantly higher in the CME group (relative risk 0.82, P < 0.001).ConclusionBased on the available evidence, CME is associated with improved oncologic outcomes at the expense of higher complication rates, including vascular injury. The oncological benefits need to weighed up against a multitude of factors including the level of hospital support, surgeon experience, patient age, and associated comorbidities.
Transperineal systematic biopsies in addition to targeted biopsies are important in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer
Authors: Lahoud John , Doan Paul , Kim Lawrence H , Patel Manish I. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether the addition of transperineal systematic biopsies (SB) to targeted biopsies (TB) improved clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) detection rates without high increase in insignificant prostate cancer detection rates in an Australian population.MethodsIn this retrospective review, a total of 254 patients who had a Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score between 3 and 5, and a transperineal TB and SB between 2014 and 2019 from two centres were included in this study. The primary outcome of this study was to determine csPC rates on TB and SB. The secondary outcome was a comparison of the Gleason Grade Group between TB and SB. csPC was defined as an International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason Grade Group of 2 or greater.ResultsSB alone detected more csPC overall compared to TB (152/254 (60%) versus 128/254 (51%), respectively). An additional 40 of 254 (16%) csPC cases were diagnosed with the addition of SB. Furthermore, the cost of diagnosing insignificant prostate cancer by SB when TB were negative was an additional 13/254 (5.1%).ConclusionA combination of TB and SB provides the best outcomes for detecting csPC and is especially warranted for patients with a higher Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System score on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.
Deconstructing Cumulative Risk: Poverty and Aspects of Instability Relate Uniquely to Young Children’s Basal Cortisol
Authors: Brown Eleanor D. , Holochwost Steven J. , Laurenceau Jean‐Philippe , Garnett Mallory L. , Anderson Kate E. 
Published: January 2021

This study deconstructs cumulative risk to probe unique relations to basal cortisol for family income and four distinct aspects of poverty‐related instability. Participants were 288 children aged 3–5 years who attended Head Start preschool. Parents reported on poverty risks. Children provided samples of salivary cortisol at four times of day on 6 days. Results of hierarchical linear modeling with piecewise latent growth curves representing basal cortisol indicated unique relations for family income, household chaos, neighborhood risk, attachment‐disruptive residential changes, and non‐attachment changes. The findings support an equifinality implied by cumulative risk models in demonstrating that multiple risks relate to cortisol dysregulation yet also suggest the utility of considering unique effects of different risks for neurophysiological stress response functioning.
Slab‐fluid metasomatism in the Early Paleozoic forearc mantle deduced from the Motai serpentinites, South Kitakami Belt, northeast Japan
Authors: Okamoto Ayaka , Ichiyama Yuji , Tamura Akihiro , Morishita Tomoaki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study examines the petrology and geochemistry of the Early Paleozoic Motai serpentinites, the South Kitakami Belt, northeast Japan, to reveal the subduction processes and tectonics in the convergent margin of the Early Paleozoic proto‐East Asian continent. Protoliths of the serpentinites are estimated to be harzburgite to dunite based on the observed amounts of bastite (orthopyroxene pseudomorph). Relic chromian spinel Cr# [=Cr/(Cr + Al)] increases with decreasing amount of bastite. The compositional range of chromian spinel is similar to that found in the Mariana forearc serpentinites. This fact suggests that the protoliths of the serpentinites are depleted mantle peridotites developed beneath the forearc regions of a subduction zone. The Motai serpentinites are divided into two types, namely, Types 1 and 2 serpentinites; the former are characterized by fine‐grained antigorite and lack of olivine, and the latter have coarse‐grained antigorite and inclusion‐rich olivine. Ca‐amphibole occurs as isolated crystals or vein‐like aggregates in the Type 1 serpentinites and as needle‐shaped minerals in the Type 2 serpentinites. Ca‐amphibole of the Type 1 serpentinites is more enriched in LILEs and LREEs, suggesting the influence of hydrous fluids derived from slabs. By contrast, the mineral assemblage, mineral chemistry, and field distribution of the Type 2 serpentinites reflect the thermal effect of contact metamorphism by Cretaceous granite. The Ca‐amphibole of the Type 1 serpentinites is different from that of the Hayachine–Miyamori Ophiolite in terms of origin; the latter was formed by the infiltration of melts produced in an Early Paleozoic arc–backarc system. Chemical characteristics of the Ca‐amphibole in the ultramafic rocks in the South Kitakami Belt reflect the tectonics of an Early Paleozoic mantle wedge, and the formation of the Motai metamorphic rocks in the forearc region of the Hayachine–Miyamori subduction zone system, which occurred at the Early Paleozoic proto‐East Asian continental margin.
Temperature deformation of 1‐3 cylindrical curved composite
Authors: Hou Wei , Wang Likun , Kang Binglin , Liao Qingwei , Qin Lei , Zhong Chao , Chen Liyin , Cao Hailin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPiezoelectric composites will cause different degrees of deformation when ambient temperature changes during transportation, storage and use, affecting the performance and reliability seriously. The deformation measurement of cylindrical piezoelectric composites based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) measurement is presented in this paper. The deformation and electromechanical properties of cylindrical piezoelectric composites over a wide range of temperature, from 233 K to 373 K, are investigated in detail. The deformation of piezoelectric composites in different directions is calculated. Adding deformation information, the frequency constant and dielectric constant data are modified. The results show that, at 233 K, the relative change of curvature of the cylindrical composite material in the arc direction is 0.024% and the relative change of deformation in the width and thickness direction are 0.018% and 0.026%, respectively. When the environment's temperature is increased to 100℃, the relative change of curvature in the arc direction is 0.019% and the relative changes of deformation in the width and thickness direction are 0.019% and 0.008%, respectively. After adding the deformation information, the most evident changes of frequency constant and dielectric constant are between 303 K and 333 K, the rate of change (slope) of frequency constant and the dielectric constant are −1.82983 (decreasing) and 3.85591 (increasing), respectively.
The causal effect of the number of children on gender‐specific labour supply elasticities to the firm
Authors: Detilleux Céline , Deschacht Nick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe estimate the effect of the number of children on the female and the male wage elasticities of labour supply to the firm using instrumental variables estimation in data from the US Current Population Survey (2000–19). Parents' number of children is instrumented with the sex mix of their first two children. We find that the male wage elasticity of labour supply to the firm significantly increases with the number of children, while the female elasticity is not significantly altered. That is, we find evidence that male labour markets become more competitive with the arrival of children. Our results also show that firms have substantial monopsonistic power and, in line with the monopsony theory of the gender pay gap, that male labour markets are more competitive than female markets.
Assessing the Vulnerability of an Aquifer to Climate Variability through Community Participation in Arivaca, Arizona
Authors: Uhlman Kristine , Eastoe Chris , Guido Zack , Crimmins Michael A. , Purkey‐Deller Anne , Eden Susanna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn Arivaca, Arizona, groundwater isotope measurements (stable O and H, tritium, and carbon‐14) were made in conjunction with water level measurements and climate data. Recharge is predominantly young (post‐1950) and is mainly from summer monsoon precipitation. Following a five‐month period of unusually low δ18O and δ2H in precipitation in 2014–2015, corresponding shift in groundwater δ18O and δ2H was observed only at a site with recently built gabions. Water levels near the basin outlet increase in summer following periods of high storm frequency. Water levels also rebound in winter, possibly because of cessation of transpiration. The young groundwater is vulnerable to climate change, e.g., to protracted periods with summers that are drier or hotter than normal. Rapid assessment of groundwater and its connection to climate can provide valuable information to local water managers and citizens for whom more expensive studies are not feasible. Such assessments, based on relatively inexpensive isotope analyses and groundwater level data collected by volunteers, engage the community in management of its water resources. In Arivaca, the community responded to the results of the assessment with heightened interest in managing their water for sustainability and the construction of gabions to increase recharge from stormwater.
Protein kinases in plant responses to drought, salt, and cold stress
Authors: Chen Xuexue , Ding Yanglin , Yang Yongqing , Song Chunpeng , Wang Baoshan , Yang Shuhua , Guo Yan , Gong Zhizhong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProtein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has become critical for developing and breeding climate‐resilient crops. In this review, we summarize recent progress on understanding plant drought, salt, and cold stress responses, with a focus on signal perception and transduction by different protein kinases, especially sucrose nonfermenting1 (SNF1)‐related protein kinases (SnRKs), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPKs/CPKs), and receptor‐like kinases (RLKs). We also discuss future challenges in these research fields.
Tobacco imagery in entertainment media: evolution of tobacco-free movies and television programmes rules in India
Authors: Yadav Amit , Glantz Stanton A 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionTobacco imagery in films and television increased in India after it ended conventional tobacco advertising in 2004. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) introduced rules to eliminate this tobacco imagery in 2005 which took effect in amended form in 2012. This study presents the enablers and barriers in development and implementation of the regulations to curb tobacco imagery in films and television in India.MethodWe reviewed legislation, evolving regulations, parliamentary questions, judicial decisions, Bollywood trade publications and relevant news articles from 2003 to 2019 and interviewed key informants.ResultsBased on the WHO reports and civil society demands, the MoHFW issued a complete ban on tobacco imagery in movies and television programmes in 2005. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoIB) joined the film industry in opposing the rules. A filmmaker challenged the rules in court, which ruled that they violated constitutional freedoms. On appeal by MoHFW, the Supreme Court allowed the rules to take effect. Continuing opposition by MoIB and the film industry weakened the rules and delayed implementation until 2012. As of 2020, rather than a ban, all films with tobacco imagery require strong editorial justification, 100 s of antitobacco messages produced by the MoHFW, and a static health warning at the bottom of screen during tobacco imagery display. In 2015, less than 48% of movies had tobacco imagery compared with 89% in 2005.ConclusionsAlthough, not a ban, MoHFW, supported by local advocates and WHO, issued regulations that resulted in a substantial drop in on-screen tobacco imagery and increased exposure to antitobacco messages. India’s experience informs WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control parties as they develop and implement policies to curb tobacco imagery in entertainment media.
Contemporaneous trajectories of physical activity and screen time in adolescents
Authors: Riglea Teodora , Doré Isabelle , O’Loughlin Jennifer , Bélanger Mathieu , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre 
Published: January 2021

Adolescents often report low moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and high screen time. We modeled sex-specific MVPA and screen time trajectories during adolescence and identified contemporaneous patterns of evolution. Data were drawn from 2 longitudinal investigations. The Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study included 1294 adolescents recruited at age 12–13 years who completed questionnaires every 3 months for 5 years. The Monitoring Activities of Teenagers to Comprehend their Habits (MATCH) study included 937 participants recruited at age 9–12 years who completed questionnaires every 4 months for 7 years. MVPA was measured as the number of days per week of being active for at least 5 min (NDIT) or 60 min (MATCH). In both studies, screen time was measured as the number of hours spent weekly in screen activities. In each study, sex-specific group-based trajectories were modeled separately for MVPA and screen time from grade 7 to 11. Contemporaneous patterns of evolution were examined in mosaic plots. In both studies, 5 MVPA trajectories were identified in both sexes, and 4 and 5 screen time trajectories were identified in boys and girls, respectively. All combinations of MVPA and screen time trajectories were observed. However, the contemporaneous patterns of evolution were favourable in 14%–31% of participants (i.e., they were members of the stable high MVPA and the lower screen time trajectories). Novelty: MVPA and screen time trajectories during adolescence and their combinations showed wide variability in 2 Canadian studies. Up to 31% of participants showed favourable contemporaneous patterns of evolution in MVPA and screen time. Using uniform methods for trajectory modeling may increase the potential for replication across studies.
Lightweight route adjustment strategy for mobile sink wireless sensor networks
Authors: Basil Ghazi Ahmed , Adil Mahdi Omar , Badee Abdulaziz Wid 
Published: January 2021

<span>As a result of numerous applications and low installation costs, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have expanded excessively. The main concern in the WSN environment is to lower energy consumption amidst nodes while preserving an acceptable level of service quality. Using multi-mobile sinks to reduce the nodes' energy consumption have been considered as an efficient strategy. In such networks, the dynamic network topology created by the sinks mobility makes it a challenging task to deliver the data to the sinks. Thus, in order to provide efficient data dissemination, the sensor nodes will have to readjust the routes to the current position of the mobile sinks. The route re-adjustment process could result in a significant maximization in the communication cost, which boosts the total energy depletion. This paper proposes a lightweight routes re-adjustment strategy for mobile sink wireless sensor networks (LRAS-MS) aimed at minimizing communication cost and energy consumption by reducing route re-adjustment in a cluster-based WSN environment. The simulation results show a significant reduction in communication costs and extending the network lifetime while maintaining comparable low data delivery delay. </span>
Network size variation of geographical aided routing protocols in MANET
Authors: B. Al-Bayram Radhwan , M. Abdullah Radhwan 
Published: January 2021

<p><span>In position-based or geo-casting ad hoc networking applications, the data packets flooded in a limited area of the expected region toward the destination node. In such networks, a multi-hop routing is to followed when the position of the destination node is residing off-range the wireless transmission of the source node. Scientific literature references in this concept have been conducted depended on the diversity of quantitative metrics-tests regarding the size of the assigned networks so that this space is intended to be the variation in the density of the moving nodes (the number of nodes per unit of measurement). In this work, we studied the impact of the change in the size (area) of the ad hoc network with the concept of variation in the network's area while remaining the total number of nodes as a constant volume. In this paper, three of the position-based routing protocols have evaluated in terms of a network size variation. These routing protocols are: locations aided routing LAR, the distance routing effect algorithm for mobility DREAM, and the greedy perimeter stateless routing GPSR. With each simulation test, a quantitative metrics evaluation determined the most efficient protocol and the most efficient accessibility with the network environment changes in terms of actual workspace. </span></p>