bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed Formal Hydroalkylation of Aryl‐Substituted Alkynes with Hydrazones
Authors: Yu Lin , Lv Leiyang , Qiu Zihang , Chen Zhangpei , Tan Ze , Liang Yu‐Feng , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe have developed an unprecedented Pd‐catalyzed formal hydroalkylation of alkynes with hydrazones, which are generated in situ from naturally abundant aldehydes, as both alkylation reagents and hydrogen donors. The hydroalkylation proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity to form (Z)‐alkenes, which are more difficult to generate compared to (E)‐alkenes. The reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, including hydroxy, ester, ketone, nitrile, boronic ester, amine, and halide groups. Furthermore, late‐stage modifications of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives exemplify its unique chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and synthetic applicability. Mechanistic studies indicate the possible involvement of Pd‐hydride intermediates.
A 60:40 split: Differential mass support in dogs
Authors: Fish Frank E. , Sheehan Maura J. , Adams Danielle S. , Tennett Kelsey A. , Gough William T. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTDogs have been bred for different sizes and functions, which can affect their locomotor biomechanics. As quadrupeds, dogs must distribute their mass between fore and hind legs when standing. The mass distribution in dogs was studied to determine if the proportion of supported mass on each limb couplet is dependent on body size. A total of 552 dogs from 123 breeds ranging in size from Chihuahua to Mastiff were examined. Each dog was weighed on a digital scale while standing, alternating foreleg, and hind leg support. The overall “grand” mean proportion of mass on the forelegs to the total mass was 60.4% (range: 47.6–74.4%). The data set indicated no significant change in the ratio with total mass but there was a significant difference by sex. When separated into American Kennel Club categories, no group was notably different from the grand mean or from each other, but when sex was also considered, there was a significant difference that was not specifically discerned by post hoc analysis. The mean for female Hounds was notably below the grand mean. For clades based on genetics, the mean for European origin mastiffs was notably greater than the grand mean and significantly different from UK origin herders and coursers. The mass of the head, chest, and musculature for propulsion could explain the mass support differential. Mass distribution and terrestrial locomotion in dogs shows substantial variation among breeds.
Prevalence of accessory septations of sphenoid sinus in pediatric population: Applications to endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Gibelli Daniele , Cellina Michaela , Gibelli Stefano , Oliva Giancarlo , Termine Giovanni , Dolci Claudia , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSphenoid sinus accessory septations and their possible insertion on internal carotid artery (ICA) may represent a risk for endoscopic sinus surgical procedures. However, scarce data on this variant for children are available so far. This retrospective study included 220 maxillofacial CT‐scans equally divided among males (13.4 ± 2.1 years) and females (13.9 ± 2.2 years). On each CT‐scan, prevalence of accessory septations, number of septations in sphenoid sinuses, and their possible insertion onto ICA bone walls were recorded. Significant differences in protrusion and insertion of septations onto the ICA bone walls according to sex were assessed through Chi‐square test (p < .05). Possible correlations between the prevalence of accessory septations, ICA insertion, and number of accessory septations and age were assessed by means of Pearson's regression (p < .05). On average, 66% of males and 71% of females had at least one accessory septation, without significant differences according to sex or age (p > .05): septal insertion on ICA was found in 13% of subjects, without any significant difference for sex or age (p > .05). The number of septations was significantly increased with age (p < .05). The present study showed that the prevalence of accessory septations and insertion onto the ICA are independent of age and these results are similar to those reported in adults. Results will be useful for the management of endoscopic sinus surgery.
RETRACTED:CircFBXW7alleviates glioma progression through regulatingmiR‐23a‐3p/PTENaxis
Authors: Gao Zhi‐Gang , Yang Peng , Huang Jie , Ding Yong‐Qiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence has confirmed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in regulating the development and progression of various tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of circFBXW7 on the progression of glioma and to determine its underlying mechanism. qRT‐PCR was performed to measure the expression of circFBXW7, miR‐23a‐3p, and PTEN in tissues and cell lines of glioma. The proliferation ability of glioma cells was examined using the CCK‐8 assay. Glioma cell migration and invasion capacity were detected using Transwell assays. The dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the correlation between miR‐23a‐3p and circFBXW7 or PTEN. The expression levels of the related genes were determined using western blotting analysis. A glioma xenograft tumor model was employed to evaluate the functional roles of circFBXW7 in vivo. CircFBXW7 was found to be aberrantly downregulated in glioma tumor tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of circFBXW7 was found to significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of the glioma cells. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays confirmed that circFBXW7 can directly target miR‐23a‐3p, which then blocks the binding of miR‐23a‐3p to the 3′ un‐translated region (UTR) of PTEN. Mechanically, circFBXW7 suppresses cell proliferation and metastasis in glioma by sponging miR‐23a‐3p, resulting in elevated PTEN expression. In addition, in vivo experiments also confirmed that circFBXW7 overexpression effectively halts tumor growth and metastasis. Consistent with the in vitro observations, circFBXW7 overexpression significantly decreased miR‐23a‐3p, Ki‐67, and N‐cadherin, as well as increased PTEN and E‐cadherin levels. Our results revealed that circFBXW7 exhibits antiproliferative and antimetastasis activities via sponging miR‐23a‐3p to elevate PTEN expression in glioma, which may offer a novel target for clinical therapy and diagnosis of glioma.
Lipophilic Environmental Chemical Mixtures Released During Weight‐Loss: The Need to Consider Dynamics
Authors: Lee Duk‐Hee , Jacobs David R , Lind Lars , Lind P. Monica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntentional weight loss can increase health risk in the long‐term, despite short‐term benefits, because human adipose tissue is widely contaminated with various lipophilic environmental contaminants, especially persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Recently, chronic exposure to low POPs has emerged as a new risk factor for common metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The amount of POPs released from adipocytes to the circulation increases during weight loss, thereby increasing POPs exposure of other critical organs. Possible harmful effects due to release of POPs during weight loss are opposite to those usually expected from losing weight. It is speculated that this tradeoff can explain recent puzzling findings on intensive weight loss. The presence of POPs in adipose tissue adds a challenge to weight management and an optimal strategy of weight management needs to consider both fat mass and dynamics of POPs.
Effect of Sox10 on remyelination of the hippocampus in cuprizone‐induced demyelinated mice
Authors: Shao Yu , Ding Juan , He Qian‐xiong , Ma Quan‐rui , Liu Qiang , Zhang Chun , Lv Hao‐wen , Liu Juan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe low number of oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia suggests that hippocampal demyelination is changed in this condition. Sox10 is expressed throughout OL development. The effect of Sox10 on myelin regeneration is unknown. This study aimed to analyze changes in Sox10 expression in the hippocampus and its regulatory role in hippocampal myelin regeneration in a mouse model of demyelination.MethodsMice were fed 0.2% cuprizone (CPZ) for six weeks to establish the acute demyelinating model (CPZ mice). Behavioral changes of these mice were assessed via open field and tail suspension tests. The ultrastructure of the myelin sheaths in the hippocampus was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of myelin sheath‐related proteins and the transcription factor Sox10 were detected via immunohistochemistry and Western blots. Furthermore, Sox10‐overexpressing adeno‐associated virus was injected into the hippocampus after establishing the demyelinating model to investigate effects of Sox10 on remyelination.ResultsCPZ mice showed abnormal behavioral changes, a large number of pathological changes in the myelin sheaths, and significantly reduced protein expression of the myelin sheath markers myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein. This confirmed that the demyelinating model was successfully established. Meanwhile, the protein expression of the oligodendrocyte precursor cell marker neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2) increased, whereas Sox10 expression decreased. After Sox10 overexpression in the hippocampus, the abnormal behavior was improved, the ultrastructure of the myelin sheaths was restored, and the expression of myelin sheath protein was reversed. NG2 expression was upregulated.ConclusionOverexpression of Sox10 promotes hippocampal remyelination after CPZ‐induced acute demyelination.
A Paper‐Based Potentiometric Sensor for Solid Samples: Corrosion Evaluation of Reinforcements Embedded in Concrete Structures as a Case Study
Authors: Colozza Noemi , Sassolini Alessandro , Agosta Lorenzo , Bonfanti Alfredo , Hermansson Kersti , Arduini Fabiana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHerein, we present the first paper‐based device for facing one of the worldwide concerns of the Modern age: the corrosion‐induced deterioration of reinforced concrete. Indeed, the monitoring of corrosion extent in reinforced concrete constructions has been acknowledged as a priority for public safety. In this work, the porosity properties of a paper‐based screen‐printed Ag/AgCl electrode were exploited for realising a smart analytical tool to be directly applied on the solid surface of concrete for the evaluation of corrosion. The analysis was carried out by measuring the electrochemical potential between the metallic reinforcement and the sensor, needing only 70 μL of electrolyte solution. The sensor was firstly tested in the laboratory using reinforced concrete samples and then applied on the real outdoor artwork Music Collection Session by Arman (Milan, Italy). A summary of the main available non‐destructive techniques for corrosion monitoring is reported to provide a critic overview.
Dendritic Ag/Pd Alloy Nanostructure Arrays for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Han Jie , Li Shasha , Chen Jiaye , Liu Yongqiang , Geng Dongsheng , Wang Dawei , Zhang Lichun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added chemicals is a promising strategy for the utilization of excess CO2. But, such reaction suffers from poor efficiency due to insufficient selectivity of electrocatalysts. Aimed at developing highly efficient electrocatalysts, dendritic Ag/Pd alloys with different compositions were synthesized through a simple galvanic replacement reaction. We found that the Ag/Pd alloy with an atomic ratio of 70 % Ag and 30 % Pd can selectively convert CO2 to CO with a maximum faradaic efficiency of 98.6 % and a current density of 9.3 mA/cm2 at −0.8 V, showing the best catalytic properties. Such improved performance can be ascribed to the factors that the introduction of Pd boosts the key intermediate formation and the dendrite morphology with a hydrophobic surface provides multiple active sites and increases CO2 concentration. This study may benefit the design of bimetallic alloy catalysts with improved activity and selectivity for CO2 reduction.
Sequential and orthogonalized PLS (SO‐PLS) regression for path analysis: Order of blocks and relations between effects
Authors: Næs Tormod , Romano Rosaria , Tomic Oliver , Måge Ingrid , Smilde Age , Liland Kristian H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is about the use of the multiblock regression method sequential and orthogonalized partial least squares (SO‐PLS) for path modeling. The paper is a follow up of previously published papers on the same topic and presents a number of new results for the method. First of all, the paper discusses more thoroughly the aspect of how to incorporate blocks in the models and relates this to standard concepts in the area of graphical modeling. Second, the paper defines the concept of direct and indirect effects more precisely in terms of population parameters and shows how they are related to the additional effect in SO‐PLS modeling. The paper illustrates the theory by simple graphs, simulations, and a real example from process monitoring.
Photometric Inline Monitoring of Pigment Concentration in Highly Filled Lacquers
Authors: Guffart Julia , Bus Yannick , Nachtmann Marcel , Lettau Markus , Schorz Stefan , Nieder Helmut , Repke Jens‐Uwe , Rädle Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDer Einsatz von faseroptischen Rückstreusensoren zur Inline‐Überwachung der Partikelkonzentration in hochgefüllten Dispersionen und Lacksystemen wird dargestellt. Durch die Miniaturisierung des Abstandes zwischen Sender‐ und Empfängerfaser auf < 600 µm kann das eingetragene Licht auch hohe Dispersphasenanteile von bis zu 60 % durchdringen. Aufgrund der Messanordnung finden sich sowohl Transmissions‐ als auch Streueinflüsse im resultierenden Signal. Es folgt eine mögliche Beschreibung der sich ergebenden nichtlinearen Messkurve mittels eines vereinfachten Modells.
Proposed light sources for illuminating in Xuan paper and silk artwork with organic and inorganic pigments by evaluating color shifts in museum
Authors: Dang Rui , Song Xiangyang , Zhang Fenghui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArtworks based on Xuan paper or silk and painted by organic or inorganic pigments are highly responsive to light due to their materials and manufacturing technologies. They belong to the highest level of light responsive exhibits stipulated by International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and are vulnerable to fading and discoloration caused by radiation from light sources. The choice of light sources is the key of protection for artworks. It is indispensible and urgent to choose the lowest damage light sources according to the material characteristics of artworks. In this article, long‐term irradiation of typical light sources on various substrates and pigments was used as experimental method, and CIE DE2000 color difference formula was used as the evaluation index. The laws of the influence of different light sources on the color change of various materials were obtained, and the relative damage coefficients of light sources were calculated. Finally, eight kinds of light sources suitable for illuminating responsive artworks with typical material combinations were proposed. However, there are some limitations in the study, because the ancient Chinese Xuan paper and silk used as experimental objects in the experiment are yellowish. Thus, the models derived in this article are not suitable for choosing reasonable display light sources for other works of art. However, suitable light sources for different materials could be obtained by the calculation method used in this article.
Three‐Dimensional Transition Metal Phosphide Heteronanorods for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Rushuo , Zang Jianbing , Li Wei , Li Jilong , Zou Qi , Zhou Shuyu , Su Jinquan , Wang Yanhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe development of low‐cost electrocatalysts with excellent activity and durability for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) poses a huge challenge in water splitting. In this study, a simple and scalable strategy is proposed to fabricate 3 D heteronanorods on nickel foam, in which nickel molybdenum phosphide nanorods are covered with cobalt iron phosphide (P‐NM‐CF HNRs). As a result of the rational design, the P‐NM‐CF HNRs have a large surface area, tightly connected interfaces, optimized electronic structures, and synergy between the metal atoms. Accordingly, the P‐NM‐CF HNRs exhibit a remarkably high catalytic activity for the OER under alkaline conditions and wide‐pH HER. For overall water splitting, the catalyst only requires a voltage of 1.53 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH with prominent stability, and the activity is not degraded after stability testing for 36 h. This new strategy can inspire the design of durable nonprecious‐metal catalysts for large‐scale industrial water splitting.
Design and statistical analysis of low power and high speed 10T static random access memory cell
Authors: Prasad Govind , Kumari Neha , Mandi Bipin Chandra , Ali Maifuz 
Published: May 2020

SummaryStatic random access memory (SRAM)‐based cache memory is an essential part of electronic devices. As the technology node reduces, the power loss and stability has become the major problems. Several SRAM cells had been developed to address the stability and power loss problem. But still, it is a challenge to achieve balance performance among all the parameters of the SRAM cell for sub‐nanometer technology. This paper proposes a novel SRAM cell, which is having comparatively less total, static power loss, less delay, and high stability compared with the conventional cells for 45‐nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The total power cost of the proposed 10T cell has been reduced by 90.3%, 85.84%, 51.02%, and 90.9% compared with 6T, N‐controlled (NC), 10T sub, and 10T, respectively. Similarly, the static power cost of the proposed cell has been reduced by 55.17%, 5.72%, ‐41.6%, and 52.9% compared with 6T, NC, 10T‐sub, and 10T, respectively. The proposed cell provides better stability, less delay, and comparable area compared with other considered 10T cells. Finally, the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and process analysis of SRAM cells validate the efficiency of the proposed 10T cell.
Race‐based and sex‐based differences in bioactive lipid mediators after myocardial infarction
Authors: Halade Ganesh V. , Kain Vasundhara , Dillion Chrisly , Beasley Mark , Dudenbostel Tanja , Oparil Suzanne , Limdi Nita A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsLeucocyte‐directed specialized pro‐resolving mediators (SPMs) are essential for cardiac repair, and their biosynthesis coincides with the expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators; however, the precise quantitation during an acute myocardial infarction (MI) event is poorly understood in race‐specific and sex‐specific manner. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the USA. Although the prevalence of coronary heart disease is similar between Black and White patients, cardiovascular events (including MI), rehospitalization, and mortality are disproportionately higher in Black patients. Therefore, understanding differences in inflammation and resolution can enable the development of predictive, personalized, and precise treatment and attenuate sex/racial disparities. Thus, herein, we assess differences in bioactive lipids and SPMs, between Black and White patients experiencing an acute MI.Methods and resultsFrom the PRiME‐GGAT cohort, we collected plasma after MI within 24–48 h from 22 Black (15 male and 7 female) and 31 White (23 male and 8 female) subjects for a comparative race‐based and sex‐based analyses. MI was confirmed using a biochemical measurement of plasma troponin and ST elevation. Plasma levels of three essential polyunsaturated fatty acids [arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)] and a set of 40 bioactive lipid mediators with major emphasis on SPMs were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. AA and DHA were higher in White male and female patients, and EPA was noted higher only in White male patients compared with White female and Black male and female patients. Lipoxygenase‐mediated AA‐derived 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (29–63%) and 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (3–9%) and DHA‐derived 17‐hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (3–22%) and 14‐hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (7–10%) were major bioactive lipid mediators in plasma. The SPM signature resolvin E1 was significantly lower in Black patients compared with White male and female patients, whereas protectin D1 was lower in White male patients compared with White female and Black male and female patients.ConclusionOur comparative analyses of fatty acids and respective cyclooxygenase‐derived and lipoxygenase‐derived SPM signatures capture the heterogeneity of disease pathology and elucidate potential mechanisms underlying sex‐based and race‐based differences following MI.
Development and preliminary validation of the Meaningful and Enjoyable Activities Scale (MEAS) in mild dementia
Authors: Tuijt Remco , Leung Phuong , Profyri Eleni , Orgeta Vasiliki 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundEngaging in meaningful activity is an important contributor to well‐being in late life. This study aimed to develop a new measure of meaningful and enjoyable activities in people living with mild dementia.MethodsThe study consisted of four phases: (a) a review of measures of meaningful activity in older people; (b) interviews with people with dementia and their carers (n = 32), (c) expert opinion; and (d) feasibility testing in a pilot randomised controlled trial (n = 63).ResultsThe development process resulted in a 20‐item questionnaire. The Meaningful and Enjoyable Activities Scale (MEAS) evidenced appropriate levels of internal consistency (α = .79). Higher scores correlated with higher functional independence (r = −.605, P < .001), patient (r = .330, P = .010) and carer‐rated patient quality of life (r = .505, P < .001). Multiple regression analyses showed that functional independence made a significant independent contribution in predicting higher levels of meaningful activity (F[7,45] = 6.75, P < .001, R2 = .512; β = −.444, P = .001). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a revised three‐factor 9‐item model provided good fit for the data (X2 = 22.74, P = .54, GFI = 0.93, RMSE = 0.00), with leisure‐time physical activity, social engagement and mentally stimulating activities as the key dimensions.ConclusionOur study provides support for the construct of meaningful activity in people with mild dementia. Although we find preliminary evidence that the MEAS has adequate psychometric properties, future large scale studies are required to test its validity further and responsiveness to change.