bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of an economic and environmental assessment of the state of regional forestry in the Russian Federation based on the methods of the fuzzy set theory
Authors: Bogachev T V , Alekseychik T V , Stryukov M B , Yakovlev A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology for constructing an assessment of the state of forestry for a sufficiently long period from the point of view of economic and environmental activity in the forestry of the region based on the mathematical apparatus of the fuzzy set theory, which is used to the study of the Central, North-West and Ural Federal Regions of Russia as the richest of forest resources. A feature of this technique is the construction of comprehensive assessments of the state of the forestry in the region for each sub-period, for example, with a duration of 5 years, which are obtained by dividing the study period into sub-periods in a sliding way. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the activities of organizations and enterprises in the direction of improving the state of forestry in the regions. In addition, when constructing complex assessments of regions, the obtained sets of optimal alternatives make it possible to rank the regions under study by the level of the state of production activity in the forestry of the regions, as well as from the point of view of the area of burned forests and number of fires.
Methods of assessing the effectiveness of reforestation based on the theory of fuzzy sets
Authors: Kuzminov A , Sakharova L , Stryukov M , Zolnikov V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose of the study: development of a new universal fuzzy-multiple methodology that allows assessing the effectiveness of reforestation based on a variable set of indicators, the significance of which is taken into account on the basis of expert assessments, in contrast to existing assessment methods. The systems of fuzzy-logical conclusions, the so-called standard multilevel [0,1] classifiers, were used as a mathematical tool for constructing the assessment methodology. As a result of the implementation of the methodology, an assessment of reforestation in the Rostov region was carried out on the basis of a set of 23 indicators characterizing the dynamics of reforestation, thinning activities, and patrolling of the forest fund in the region. In comparison with the already existing estimation methods, the proposed estimation method has a number of such advantages, such as: simple calculation scheme; when constructing estimates, taking into account a large number of heterogeneous significant indicators that can vary depending on the available statistical material and the characteristics of the specific practical problem being solved; the possibility of varying the weight of the contribution of the studied indicators to the corresponding comprehensive assessment; the possibility of analyzing on its basis the situation in the region under consideration.
Stimulating and toxic effects of graphene oxide on Betula pubescens microclones
Authors: Zakharova O , Kolesnikova E , Muratov D , Gusev A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have studied the impact of graphene oxide (GO) at 1.5 – 15 μg/L on Betula pubescens microclones. Discovered, that the nanomaterial protects the plants against phytopathogens at the stage of culture establishment and promotes a 25% increase in the shoots survival rate. Further growth stimulation was observed in the groups treated with 1.5 and 3 μg/L, where the shoots length increased by 1.8 and 1 cm, and the number of leaves increased by 2 and 1.5 times respectively. 15 μg/L reduced the height of shoots by 20%. At the multiplication stage addition of GO enhanced the plantlets survival rate by 20% and had a stimulating effect on the birch regenerants growth, as well as on the number of leaves. The data on the plantlets survival rate and their morphometric analysis results correspond well with the biochemical assessment, namely in the GO group both photosynthetic and catalase activity exceeded those of the control group by 2 and 1.5 times, respectively. At the same time, histological analysis exhibits reduced number of stomata in the GO-treated group. At the rooting stage addition of 1.5 μg/L GO to the growth medium increased the number of plantlets with roots by 10% compared to control.
Study of driving dynamics of modular forestry tillage machine-tractor units in CAE SolidWorks Motion
Authors: Lysych M N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The issues of simulation studies driving dynamics of wheeled forestry machine-tractor units on the surface with obstacles are considered. The method of simulation modeling in CAD SolidWorks and CAE SolidWorks Motion is used. A simplified 3d-model of the MTZ-82.1 agricultural wheeled tractor was created, preserving all the main geometric and mass-inertia parameters of the moving elements. The tractor model was equipped with front and rear mounted modular forest tillage implements in the transport position. The research was performed on a virtual track with four different types of obstacles similar to those found in forest conditions. In a computer experiment, three different schemes of units were studied and the following parameters were obtained: wheel lift height, lateral displacement of the center of gravity, and linear speed fluctuations. Analysis of the results showed that the 0+1 scheme (rear-mounted single-row harrow) was the most stable. The heaviest scheme 1+2 (front-mounted drum chopper and rear-mounted two-row harrow) also had satisfactory stability. The least stable was a tractor equipped according to the 0+2 scheme (rear-mounted two-row harrow). The virtual experiment allowed us to study the dynamic stability of various forestry units in the transport position and establish the most stable configurations.
The effect of hydromorphic processes on the soil organic matter in the Central Russia (case study of the Voronezh and Kursk regions)
Authors: Tsaregorodtsev A , Akhtyrtsev A , Golyadkina I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The one of the main types of land degradation that cause the most damage to the state of soil cover is local waterlogging of soils. Only in Russia, about 9 million hectares are currently considered waterlogged, including 5 million hectares of agricultural land. On the lowland plains of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia, local over moistening of the soil cover creates significant difficulties in the use of arable land resources. Natural factors effects waterlogging are the amount of precipitation and the level of groundwater. The objects of research are virgin and arable soils with different hydromorphic conditions in the Central Russian Upland. The article presents results about humus content and reserves in Chernozems typical, Chernozems leached, Meadow-chernozemics soil, Chernozems-meadow soil and Chernozem wet-meadow soil. According to our investigations the most rich humus soils of the forest-steppe is semi-hydromorphic Meadow-chernozemics soils. Meadow-chernozemics leached and typical soils have an average thickness of the humus horizon of 88 and 85 cm and contain about 8.5 and 8.8% humus in the arable layer. Humus reserves in horizons A + AB is 623 and 629.5 t/ha and in a meter layer is 653.5 and 672.5 t/ha.
Trends in the average annual snow depth in various forest zones of Russia
Authors: Konstantinov A V , Kharchenko N N , Moiseeva E V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Snow cover is one of the important indicators of changes in weather and climate indicators that have a huge impact on the forests of Russia. The article analyzes changes in the average annual depth of snow cover in the period from 1966 to 2018. We used data from 23 meteorological stations located in 20 modal regions of Russia, reflecting the diversity of forest growth conditions in the country. For ease of analysis the indicators were grouped by decade (1966-1970, 1971-1980, 1981-1990, 1991-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2018), for the main 30-year periods (1966-1990, 1991-2018) and for the last two five-year periods (2009-2013, 2014-2018). The results of the analysis show that the current trend of increasing the average annual snow depth on the territory of Russia, when compared with the base period of 1966-1990 manifests itself in the absolute majority of observation points. Only in two points – on the coast of the Baltic (26063 Saint Petersburg) and White (22550 Arkhangelsk) sea, it is not so pronounced. The nature of the dynamics of the average annual snow depth has zonal features and similarities within the forest zones of Russia.
Growth and ameliorative role of protective plantation in conditions of forest-steppe zone
Authors: Mikhin V I , Taniykevich V V , Mikhina E A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The systems of protective plantations transform agro-territories of the forest-steppe of the European part of Russia. With an area of artificial linear plantings in the Central Black soil region of 600000 ha, negative natural phenomena and erosion processes in landscapes were significantly reduced. In windbreaks with fast-growing tree species, the highest growth rates are observed with a row spacing of 3.0 m and a tree spacing of 1.0 m. A convex transverse profile is formed in middle-aged stands, where the height of the middle rows is higher by 12.1 - 17.2% than in the extreme. The average tree growth continues up to 30 years. The growth rate is 0.73 - 0.83 m/year with the decrease from the age of 15-24 years. In the system of forest belts during the growing season, there is an increase in relative humidity of 1.8 - 9.8%, which altogether leads to an increase in the yield of grain crops by 330 - 550 kg/ha. The formation of plantings on the arable land of optimal parameters and structures will make it possible to have biological structures of long-term use with an increasing reclamation effect.
Socio-ecological and economic efficiency of the territories of forestry
Authors: Bezrukova T L , Gyiazov A T , Kuksova I V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article proposes a new paradigm for assessing the socio-ecological and economic efficiency of the state of forestry territories on the example of one of the Russian regions. The traditional model of economic growth in forestry has now run out of steam, since the economic growth in forestry is primarily a quantitative characteristic and cannot be sustained indefinitely, while economic development that improves the quality of life without increasing the consumption of forest resources can be sustainable. The transition to a new paradigm of o involves the formation of a set of interrelated and mutually dependent economic, social, political and other processes based on the organization of such a system that is able to resolve emerging internal and external contradictions. The socio-ecological and economic efficiency of forestry territories is calculated considering the correlation coefficients, which allows us to identify the proximity and direction of the relationship of the studied indicators. The calculated performance indicators can be further used in regional management for an adequate diagnosis of the current situation in forestry, identifying cause-and-effect relations between indicators and parameters of territory development.
Digitalization as a new factor of sustainable development of the Russian forest industry complex
Authors: Avdeeva I , Belolipezkaj A , Golovina T , Polyanin A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Digital technologies break new ground for forest management and regeneration though the forest industry complex is behind many industrial sectors according to the digitalization speed. The goal of study is to study the essence, principles and opportunities to implement digital technologies for the purpose of sustainable development of the Russian forest industry complex providing for collective advance international practices. The proposed concept is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis within the framework of the study of the forest industry complex in the integrity, unity and interconnection of its constituent parts in order to analyze, generalize information and to identify the prospects for using digital technologies in the economic systems management. In the framework of the study the context of modern system of forest industry complex management has been brought to light, there have been highlighted the issues which are possible to solve in the course of digital technologies. The result of the research is the proprietary model of the digital platform functioning, taking into account its conceptual characteristics and technological features of the forest industry complex management. Digital technologies give the forest industry a wide range of opportunities for sustainable development.
The practice of using a sieveless separator for pre-sowing treatment of common pine seeds (Pinus sylvestris)
Authors: Golev A D , Bukhtoyarov V N , Ivannikov V A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of calibrating Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds on the morpho-biological characteristics of seedlings. The studies were carried out in 2017-2019. Scots pine seeds were used as the object of research. In the course of the research, laboratory and field methods were used. The seeds were calibrated using a sieveless separator, which makes it possible to obtain several tens of seed fractions with a size gap of 0.02 mm. It was found that plants of large seeds were characterized by a higher starting growth. Throughout the growing season, the advantage of these fractions persisted. Due to the higher growth rate of small fraction plants, the difference between plants decreased by the end of the growing season. By the end of the first year of vegetation, there was some advantage of large seedlings, the height of which varied from 6.95 cm (second fraction) to 7.18 cm (fourth fraction). The seedlings of these fractions were characterized by the highest uniformity (17.0%). At the end of the second growing season, the most intensive growth was noted in seedlings of large seeds, due to which a large planting material is formed, characterized by high uniformity.
Laboratory tests of the horse strangles vaccine
Authors: Neustroev M P , Petrova S G , Elbyadova E I , Tarabukina N P 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An inactivated vaccine against horse strangles was developed based on the Streptococcus equi strain “N-5/1”, which has sufficient efficacy and environmental safety. The vaccine was tested in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation No. 101 dated March 6, 2018 “On approval of the rules for preclinical studies of a medicinal product for veterinary use, clinical study of a medicinal product for veterinary use, and bioequivalence of a medicinal product for veterinary use”. According to the results of the tests, the absence of toxicity and irritating activity during intragastric administration of the vaccine to white mice at the maximum permissible dose (1 cm3) was established. The vaccine withstands the test for pyrogenicity, does not cause an increase or decrease in body temperature in animals during the observation period. A sufficiently high immunogenicity in laboratory animals of an inactivated vaccine was determined with a single injection (up to 80%), which meets the general requirements for the immunogenicity of microorganism strains in the composition of inactivated vaccines.
Prevention of postpartum complications and management of reproductive qualities of cows with the use of Prevention-N-B-S bio-preparation
Authors: Semenov V G , Tyurin V G , Smirnov A M , Kuznetsov A F , Larionov G A , Mudarisov R M , Ivanova T N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article describes a method of preventing postpartum obstetric-gynecologic diseases and improving the reproductive function of cows by increasing the nonspecific resistance of the organism with the use of Prevention-N-B-S bio-preparation. For the first time the newly developed bio-preparation was injected to cows of Experimental Group 2 intramuscularly with a dose of 10 ml 35-30, 15-10 and 10-5 days before the expected calving date, while Dorogov’s antiseptic stimulant 2 fraction and Eleovit at the ratio of 1:9 were injected to the animals of Experimental Group 1 60 days before the estimated calving dates. It was established that the first estrus of Experimental Group 2 cows (28.8 ± 0.56 days) was 5.8 and 14.4 days earlier than that of the same-age cows of Experimental Group 1 (34.6 ± 0.93 days) and the Control Group (43.2 ± 1.64 days). The service period in Experimental Group 1 (64.6 ± 1.62 days) and Experimental Group 2 (57.8 ± 1.50 days) became shorter, comparing to the Control Group (89.2 ± 3.02 days). Use of bio-preparations in critical pregnancy periods of cows reduced the risks of subinvolution of uterus, endometritis and mastitis in the postpartum period and increased reproductive qualities of cows. The effect was most apparent when Prevention-N-B-S bio-preparation was used.
Improving taxation of agricultural production as a factor of successful development of the agricultural sector in Russia
Authors: Zotikov N , Savderova A , Lyubovtseva E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modern reality, the current economic situation in the world put forward special requirements for ensuring the food security of the state, and conducting import substitution. The purpose of the study is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the taxation system of agricultural producers in the form of unified agricultural tax, the impact of changes made to the Tax Code. The study used general methods of cognition (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, observation method, generalization and particular methods of cognition (factor analysis, comparison method, grouping, graphical and tabular methods of data presentation). Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of unified agricultural tax in practice raises questions that need to be revised and clarified, especially regarding the effectiveness of the special regime used in the development of small business in the agricultural sector. It is proposed to abolish the exemption from Value-Added Tax duties of all payers of the unified agricultural tax, regardless of their income, and to use the indicator “cost-effectiveness” when setting the single tax rate from 0 to 6%. The significance of the article is the issues addressed in the article are relevant for most countries of the world.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a helio-greenhouse with soil heating
Authors: Belov V V , Belov E L , Sharonova T V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In most cases, various industrial greenhouses are used to grow vegetables in large volumes. Smallholder farms and horticultural individual plots have recently begun to use small polycarbonate greenhouses. However, it is not always possible to fully use the capabilities of such greenhouses due to the influence of weather, especially in early spring and late autumn. According to the authors, one of the methods to increase crop production in greenhouses is the collection and accumulation of solar energy, its further use for heating the lower layers of air in the greenhouse, and heating the soil. To solve this problem, an experimental helio-greenhouse with a height of 4.2 m has been made. The design of the helio-greenhouse provides for a system of underground pipes 110 mm in diameter buried to a depth of about 1 m into which air heated by the sun is fed from the upper part by an axial fan. The article presents the results of experimental studies of the microclimate (temperature and relative humidity) in an experimental Helio-greenhouse in comparison with a standard greenhouse and the environment. The results prove the effectiveness of the experimental Helio-greenhouse, namely, the temperature in it is 3 - 35 °C higher than the ambient temperature; there is a possibility of accumulation of warm air and its further use for heating the soil; it is possible to sow (plant) plants earlier than in a standard greenhouse.
Physiological state and reproductive qualities of sows when using probiotic preparations A2 and Immunoflor
Authors: Semenov V G , Obukhova A V , Kirillov N K , Kulmakova N I , Leontyev L B , Yu Petrov O , Aldyakov A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper provides research and practice rationale for feasibility of using the complex probiotic preparations A2 and Immunoflor in the pig production and growing technology with the aim of improving reproductive qualities of sows through increasing nonspecific resistance of the organism. The probiotic preparations were given with the feed twice, at the beginning of pregnancy and 14 days before farrow, A2 in the amount of 1.62 g per animal in Experimental Group 1 and “Immunoflor” in the amount of 0.05 g per animal in Experimental Group 2. It was established that pig production from sows of both Experimental Groups 1 and 2 was 7.2 and 10.3 % higher, comparing that in the Control Group. At that, the number of healthy and viable pigs obtained from sows of the given experimental groups was reliably 8.5 and 12.5 % greater than in the Control Group (P < 0.01). The new complex probiotic agents A2 and Immunoflor, having significant antagonistic activity against putrefactive bacteria, decreased the mortinatality of pigs 1.4 and 2.1 times, respectively, increased litter size by 11.4 and 3.6 % and the milkability of sows by 4.2 kg and 4.7 kg.
Combined units for mowing and sealing of siderates
Authors: Kalimullin M , Abdrakhmanov R , Latypov R , Pushkarenko N , Maksimov I , Salimzyanov M , Sharipov R 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many agricultural producers have switched to organic farming methods, i.e. the use of green fertilizers - green manure. Many experts recommend cutting siderate cultures with a subsurface plowand leaving it on the surface of the soil as mulch. But not all termination methods are effective. The purpose of this work is to develop a technology for cultivating green manure crops for fertilization, to substantiate the most rational method for planting green manure crops and an agricultural unit for its implementation. It is proposed to hang a plant chopper on the front of the tractor, which will perform the function of mowing and chopping green manure, and both batteries of the discator, mounted on the rear part of the tractor, will close up the chopped stalks of green manure. To determine the effectiveness of using the proposed approach, comparative field trials were carried out, consisting in determining the completeness of incorporation of green mass in green manure crops. According to the results of the experiments, it was found that the completeness of incorporation of green mass of green manures without mowing was 65%, and with mowing and grinding - 96%, which is 1.5 times more than the compared approach.
Honey yield conditions and characteristics of honeys in the south of the Far East of Russia
Authors: Komin A E , Pulinets E K , Gamaeva S V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The article presents the characteristics of honey yield conditions and the quality of honey in the south of the Far East of Russia. The intensity of nectar production by plants in the active period of the beekeeping season is determined. The quality of the produced honey is estimated. The dominant honey plants in different seasons of the year have been established. The melliferous vegetation is rich and diverse and it allows to obtain the yield of marketable honey up to 61.6 kg per one bee colony during the research period. The main honey plant of Primorsky Krai is Tilia L. Its pollen contribution can reach 86.7% of the total number of pollen grains in the honey. Moreover, it is present in almost all honey samples. Among the secondary honey plants, the most valuable are Lespedeza bicolor Turcz., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench., species of genus Polygonum L. and of the Araliaceae family. Honey gathered at the same time in various areas of the region differs in pollen content of dominant honey plants significantly. Pollen of endemic plants are present in the honey samples, and it makes it possible to identify “Primorsky Honey” as highly reliable.