bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculation of current distribution in tungsten plate under exposure to a pulsed electron beam
Authors: Lazareva G.G. , Arakcheev A.S. , Popov V.A. , Maksimova A.G. , Kapina E.S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the mathematical model of melting of a tungsten plate exposed to a pulsed electron beam, the calculation of the current distribution in the medium is added. The model takes into account the heterogeneity of the resistivity. This enables modeling of non-uniform heated material. The current is expected to spread into the depth due to the increased resistance of the heated part. Changing the thickness of the tungsten plate, one can increase the current density in the melt. The calculation results for parameters corresponding to those used on the BETA facility at BINP SB RAS show that no current concentration occur. The Ampere force is not large enough for the rotation observed in the experiments.
Estimation of parameters of gas diffusion in models of microtransfactions of different type by the method of molecular dynamics
Authors: Antonov M.Yu. , Popinako A.V. , Grigoriev A.V. , Nikolaev I.N. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Estimation of gas transport parameters in organic nano-porous materials, such as kerogens, is important for understanding the fundamentals of the processes that co-produce natural gas. In this regard, the description and numerical parameterization of the processes of transfer of components of natural gas occurring at the micro level in organic nano-porous materials is of interest both from fundamental and practical points of view, including the search for possible ways to optimize the yield of natural gas and boost recoil. The purpose of this study is to study the methods of molecular modeling and the molecular dynamics of the mechanisms of gas transport in structures that mimic organic nano-porous materials, and the numerical evaluation of mass transfer parameters.
Digital twins of multiscale 3D heterogeneous geological objects: 3D simulations and seismic imaging of faults, fractures and caves
Authors: Cheverda Vladimir , Lisitsa Vadim , Protasov Maksim , Reshetova Galina , Glinsky Boris , Chernykh Igor , Merzlikina Anastasiya , Volyanskaya Victoria , Petrov Denis , Melnik Artjem , Shilikov Valery 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Numerical simulation of seismic waves’ propagation and imaging in a three-dimensional multiscale geological media is one of the main trends in the development of modern geophysics. We present the work flow for construction of the 3D digital twin of some real geological object. This object is cavernous fractured carbonate reservoir near the Riphean roof. One of the main features of this object is the presence of the family of faults filled with tectonic breccia. To simulate them, in particular, their interiors and surrounding damaged areas, we simulate paleotectonic processes with the use of 3D discrete elements technique. This simulation we do by GPU parallelization.
Next, when the fine digital geological model is done, we perform 3D finite-difference simulation of the seismic waves’ propagation and get the full 3D synthetic data set. To do this simulation we use an original technique based on local grid refinement in time and space. To be able to deal with huge amount of input/output data we use High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems with parallel architecture and hybrid parallelization strategy by simultaneous use of MPI and OpenMP.
The final step is validation of our original multiscale algorithm for seismic imaging, which suppresses specular reflection, but accumulates weak scattered/diffracted waves. This approach opens the way to the reconstruction of subseismic geological objects, like fractures, fracture corridors and clusters of caves. To construct these images we use HPC with parallel architecture and MPI+OpenMP programming.
Algorithm for restoration of friction power in drum brake device with a layer from the compositional material on temperature data
Authors: Kondakov A S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A quasilinear two-dimensional mathematical model of the thermal process in a drum braking device is considered, taking into account the rotational motion of the brake cylinder. The basic heat conduction equations and the algorithm for solving by method of conjugate gradients of the boundary inverse heat conduction problem to restore the friction power between the brake pad and the cylinder on temperature data are given.
Parallel computing applied to the molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Malyshev Victor L. , Moiseeva Elena F. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of high-performance algorithms for modeling the dynamics of dispersed systems using the method of molecular dynamics. Large-scale modeling, which makes it possible to determine various thermodynamic parameters and control the processes of phase transformations, requires consideration of a large number of particles, which imposes significant restrictions on the computational capabilities of the system. In work various problems of dynamics of disperse systems are considered. To solve the problems posed by the authors, a specialized data structure was developed, which reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm from quadratic to linear. The specificity of the molecular dynamics method makes it possible to achieve significant acceleration when using computations at heterogeneous stations equipped with a central processing unit (CPU) and graphic processing units (GPU). The authors showed that the presented technique can be effectively used for solving problems related to modeling processes occurring in areas with characteristic sizes of tens of nanometers on personal computers equipped with one or more GPUs.
Virtual stream computing systems with a fuzzy computing environment
Authors: Myshev A.V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper reveals the architecture (structure) of virtual stream computing systems with a fuzzy computing environment (closure conditions, constraints, exchanges, small scales and information uncertainty). The system assumes that hardware-software, computing and information-intellectual functions of such systems can actually be implemented and implemented in the form of hardware, software, brainware products for supercomputer technologies of mathematical modelling. Such products allow to obtain more adequate, reliable, meaningful and valuable results in the computational technologies of mathematical modeling. . This is due to the fact that the logic circuits of algorithms and procedures of computational technologies include an information system for referencing coordinates and checking the results of calculations in a fuzzy (diffuse) computing environment based on the principles of locality and specifying the model of the information environment for generating a result.
GPU-accelerated discrete element modeling of geological faults
Authors: Lisitsa V. , Tchebverda V. , Volianskaia V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present an original algorithm for the numerical simulation of tectonic movements and the related formation of geological faults. The approach is based on the use of Discrete Element Method, where the geological media is represented as an agglomeration of discrete particles which interact as elastic, visco-elastic, or elasto-plastic bodies. This approach naturally allows accounting for large deformations and discontinuities in the geological media; thus, allows simulation of faults formation. Implementation of the algorithm is based on the use of Graphical Processor Units. The Discrete Element Method requires a high number of floating point operations and logical operations per a single particle (degree of freedom) per time step; whereas the number of memory access operations is relatively low. Thus, the use of GPUs decreases the computational time substantially.
Modeling of burden at automated strength calculation of mobile vehicles supporting structures
Authors: Tokareva M , Zubkova T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A method, its algorithmic and software implementation, based on the use of the Ritz variational principle, which allows to calculate the values of stresses, displacements, reactions at the points of interest to the researcher, has been developed to simulate static loading when calculating the strength of structures consisting of flat elements This provides an opportunity to reduce the complexity and timeline of final testing of the supporting structures of mobile vehicles.
Investigation of thermal properties of Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite sheet by using a numerical, analytical and experimental approach
Authors: Takalkar Atul S , Mailan Chinnapandi Lenin Babu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The utilization of the sandwich composite sheets for the specific industrial application depends upon its material properties. The present study investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of Al1050/SS304 sandwich composite sheets which could be used for the manufacturing of automobile sheet metal components such as a car body. The XRD (X-ray powder diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) are performed to investigate the molecular structural arrangement and adhesive bonds whereas the composite wall test is performed to investigate the thermal conductivity by using different approaches. The experimental approach integrated with the analytical approach is utilized to validate the obtained thermal conductivity using a numerical approach. The thermal conductivity of 2.84 W mK−1 is obtained by using a numerical approach which is in good correlation with the experimental results.
Double-pulse femtosecond laser ablation for synthesis of ultrasmall carbon nanodots
Authors: Nguyen Vanthan , Zhao Na , Yan Lihe , Zhong Peng , Nguyen Van Canh , Le Phuoc Huu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with ultrasmall size possessing large surface-to-volume ratio are expected to improve their performance in sensing and catalytic applications. Here, we present a simple strategy to synthesis ultrasmall C-dots using double-pulse femtosecond laser ablation in solution. The size of C-dots reaches minimum value of ∼1 nm when the delay between the pulses was approaching the electron-ion relaxation time. In this case, the mean sizes of C-dots in double-pulse ablation are even smaller than that obtained in single-pulse ablation with the same laser fluence due to the suppression of rarefaction wave by the shock wave created by the second pulse. Furthermore, abundant functional groups are created on the surface of C-dots in double-pulse ablation because of reheating the nascent ablated materials by the second pulse. These results demonstrate that the double-pulse technique is therefore an effective strategy beyond single-pulse ablation to synthesis ultrasmall C-dots with abundant surface functional groups as well as other nanoparticle for catalytic and sensing applications.
Changes in land use/land cover and net primary productivity in the transboundary Ili-Balkhash basin of Central Asia, 1995–2015
Authors: Qi Jiaguo , Tao Shiqi , Pueppke Steven G , Espolov Tlektes E , Beksultanov Marat , Chen Xi , Cai Xiumin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Using remotely sensed data, we documented changes in land use/land cover (LULC) from 1995 to 2015 and net primary productivity (NPP) from 2000 to 2014 in Central Asia’s 415,048 km2 Ili-Balkhash Basin (IBB). This basin, which is shared by China and Kazakhstan, is in the midst of significant socioeconomic transformation due to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the emergence of Kazakhstan, and the economic rise of China. Grazing land covered 82.4% of the IBB in 1995; water bodies and bare land were the only other LULC categories occupying more than 3% of the basin’s area. Changes in LULC were most evident on the Chinese side of the border, where crop production areas increased and grazing areas decreased between 1995 and 2015. The area of irrigated cropland in China grew by nearly 30%, primarily in the upper Tekes River valley and along the Ili River near the border with Kazakhstan. In contrast, the irrigated lands in Kazakhstan shifted geographically during this period, but the extent did not change. Expansion of wetlands and permanent water bodies, which occupied 2.1 to 2.9% and 4.6 to 4.7%, respectively, of the IBB in 1995 and 2015, was associated with accretion of Lake Balkhash and Kapchagai Reservoir in Kazakhstan and the construction of new reservoirs in China. NPP of the basin approached 700 g C m−2/year in a few areas but was generally less than half this level and characterized by a declining trend except in highly productive irrigated areas of dense, stable vegetation. NPP decreases of more than −10 g C m−2/year were apparent in mountainous and upland areas, as well as broad band of grassland and cropland in Kazakhstan. Areas surrounding Lake Balkhash were characterized by unstable to moderately stable, often sparse vegetation.
Energy use for urban water management by utilities and households in Los Angeles
Authors: Porse Erik , Mika Kathryn B , Escriva-Bou Alvar , Fournier Eric D , Sanders Kelly T , Spang Edward , Stokes-Draut Jennifer , Federico Felicia , Gold Mark , Pincetl Stephanie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reducing energy consumption for urban water management may yield economic and environmental benefits. Few studies provide comprehensive assessments of energy needs for urban water sectors that include both utility operations and household use. Here, we evaluate the energy needs for urban water management in metropolitan Los Angeles (LA) County. Using planning scenarios that include both water conservation and alternative supply options, we estimate energy requirements of water imports, groundwater pumping, distribution in pipes, water and wastewater treatment, and residential water heating across more than one hundred regional water agencies covering over 9 million people. Results show that combining water conservation with alternative local supplies such as stormwater capture and water reuse (nonpotable or indirect potable) can reduce the energy consumption and intensity of water management in LA. Further advanced water treatment for direct potable reuse could increase energy needs. In aggregate, water heating represents a major source of regional energy consumption. The heating factor associated with grid-supplied electricity drives the relative contribution of energy-for-water by utilities and households. For most scenarios of grid operations, energy for household water heating significantly outweighs utility energy consumption. The study demonstrates how publicly available and detailed data for energy and water use supports sustainability planning. The method is applicable to cities everywhere.
Groundwater extraction may drown mega-delta: projections of extraction-induced subsidence and elevation of the Mekong delta for the 21st century
Authors: Minderhoud P S J , Middelkoop H , Erkens G , Stouthamer E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The low-lying and populous Vietnamese Mekong delta is rapidly losing elevation due to accelerating subsidence rates, primarily caused by increasing groundwater extraction. This strongly increases the delta’s vulnerability to flooding, salinization, coastal erosion and, ultimately, threatens its nearly 18 million inhabitants with permanent inundation. We present projections of extraction-induced subsidence and consequent delta elevation loss for this century following six mitigation and non-mitigation extraction scenarios using a 3D hydrogeological model with a coupled geotechnical module. Our results reveal the long-term physically response of the aquifer system following different groundwater extraction pathways and show the potential of the hydrogeological system to recover. When groundwater extraction is allowed to increase continuously, as it did over the past decades, extraction-induced subsidence has the potential to drown the Mekong delta single-handedly before the end of the century. Our quantifications also disclose the mitigation potential to reduce subsidence by limiting groundwater exploitation and hereby limiting future elevation loss. However, the window to mitigate is rapidly closing as large parts of the lowly elevated delta plain may already fall below sea level in the coming decades. Failure to mitigate groundwater extraction-induced subsidence may result in mass displacement of millions of people and could severely affect regional food security as the food producing capacity of the delta may collapse.
Decoupled ontogeny of in vivo bite force and mandible morphology reveals effects of weaning and sexual maturation in mice
Authors: Ginot Samuel , Hautier Lionel , Agret Sylvie , Claude Julien 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The link between performance, morphology and their sources of variation is a major target of evolutionary functional biology. In vertebrates, many studies have linked in vivo bite force to skull morphology, mostly at the interspecific level. Within species, however, the ontogeny of bite force, in relation to the development of the mandible, remains poorly known, despite its relevance for life history and for the co-evolution of form and function. Here, ontogenetic trajectories of bite force, correlated with mandible size and shape, are reported for the first time in a wild-derived colony of laboratory mice. Bite forces were measured in vivo and mandible morphology was assessed using geometric morphometrics. Most coordinated changes in morphology and in vivo bite force occur during the first stages of growth, prior to weaning. Mandible shape stabilizes after day 23. The increases in mandible size and body mass slow down around day 40, but still increase during adulthood. Despite slowing down after weaning, bite force increases through a second phase during sexual maturation (days 30–40). This may be linked to the progressive tempering of weaning stress, continued growth and synchronization of the muscular and osteological systems, together with hormonal changes, as we observed a concomitant appearance of sexual dimorphism.
Kidney disease and mortality in patients with respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Su Guobin , Iwagami Masao , Qin Xindong , McDonald Helen , Liu Xusheng , Carrero Juan Jesus , Stålsby Lundborg Cecilia , Nitsch Dorothea 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a common reason for people to seek medical care. RTIs are associated with high short-term mortality. Inconsistent evidence exists in the association between the presence of kidney disease and the risk of death in patient with RTIs.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from inception through April 2019 for cohort and case–control studies investigating the presence of kidney disease (defined as medical diagnosis of kidney disease, reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance, elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria) on mortality in adults with RTIs in different settings including community, inpatient and intensive care units. We assessed the quality of the included studies using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and conducted a meta-analysis on the relative risk (RR) of death.

Results
Of 5362 records identified, 18 studies involving 16 676 participants met the inclusion criteria, with 15 studies investigating pneumonia and 3 studies exploring influenza. The risk of bias in the available evidence was moderate. Most [17/18 (94.5%)] of studies reported positive associations of underlying chronic kidney disease with mortality. The pooled adjusted risk for all-cause mortality in patients with RTIs almost doubled [RR 1.96 (95% confidence interval 1.48–2.59)] in patients with kidney disease. Associations were consistent across different timings of kidney disease assessment and provenances of RTIs (community-acquired or healthcare-associated).

Conclusions
The presence of kidney disease is associated with higher mortality among people with RTIs, especially in those with pneumonia. The presence of kidney disease might be taken into account when considering admission for patients who present with RTIs.
Trends in preadmission oral anticoagulant use and clinical outcome in atrial fibrillation patients admitted with acute stroke in Denmark
Authors: Larsen Laura Kathrine , Ovesen Christian , Frost Lars , Damgaard Dorte , Christensen Hanne , Johnsen Søren Paaske 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Use of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy has increased in recent years among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it remains uncertain whether this translates into improved clinical outcomes. We aimed to examine time trends in preadmission OAC use and clinical outcomes among AF patients admitted with stroke.

Methods and results
We used nationwide registries to perform a follow-up study of 14 999 patients with AF who were admitted with acute stroke to a Danish hospital between 2008 and 2016. The proportion of AF-related stroke was 16.1% in 2008 and 17.6% in 2016. Among patients with AF-related stroke, the overall proportion of preadmission OAC users increased from 22.6% in 2008 to 41.5% in 2016. Between 2008 and 2016, the proportion of patients with AF admitted with severe stroke declined from 32.4% to 27.4% [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–0.81], the median length of hospital stay (LOS) decreased from 12 to 8 days (adjusted hazard ratio of discharge = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.30–1.34) and 30-day mortality decreased from 19.2% to 13.7% (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68–0.75).

Conclusion
The incidence of AF-related strokes remains high although preadmission use of OAC has increased substantially in recent years. Despite the proportion of OAC users almost doubled from 2008 to 2016, a sizeable proportion of AF patients is still without OAC when admitted with stroke. The increased use of OAC has been accompanied by a lower proportion of patients with severe stroke, shorter LOS, and lower mortality.
Transcriptome-Wide Patterns of the Genetic and Expression Variations in Two Sympatric Schizothoracine Fishes in a Tibetan Plateau Glacier Lake
Authors: Chen Juan , Yang Liandong , Zhang Renyi , Uebbing Severin , Zhang Cunfang , Jiang Haifeng , Lei Yi , Lv Wenqi , Tian Fei , Zhao Kai , He Shunping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSympatric speciation remains a central focus of evolutionary biology. Although some evidence shows speciation occurring in this way, little is known about the gene expression evolution and the characteristics of population genetics as species diverge. Two closely related Gymnocypris fish (Gymnocypris chui and Gymnocypris scleracanthus), which come from a small glacier lake in the Tibetan Plateau, Lake Langcuo, exist a possible incipient sympatric adaptive ecological speciation. We generated large amounts of RNA-Seq data from multiple individuals and tissues from each of the two species and compared gene expression patterns and genetic polymorphisms between them. Ordination analysis separated samples by organ rather than by species. The degree of expression difference between organs within and between species was different. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two closely related taxa formed a monophyletic complex. Population structure analysis displayed two distinctly divergent clusters of G. chui and G. scleracanthus populations. By contrast, G. scleracanthus population genetic diversity is higher than that of G. chui. Considerable sites of the two populations were differentiated with a coefficient of FST = 0.25–0.50, implying that a small proportion of loci nevertheless exhibited deep divergence in two comparisons. Concomitantly, putatively selected genes during speciation revealed functional categories are enriched in bone morphogenesis, cell growth, neurogenetics, enzyme activity, and binding activity in G. chui population. In contrast, nutrition and localization were highlighted in G. scleracanthus. Collectively, morphological traits and dietary preference combine with genetic variation and expression variation, probably contributed to the incipient speciation of two sympatric populations.