bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study
Authors: Salazar-Tortosa Diego F. , Pascual-Gamarra Jose M. , Labayen Idoia , Rupérez Azahara I. , Censi Laura , Béghin Laurent , Michels Nathalie , González-Gross Marcela , Manios Yannis , Lambrinou Christina-Paulina , Moreno Luis A. , Meirhaeghe Aline , Castillo Manuel J. , Ruiz Jonatan R. 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible of 31% of all deaths worldwide. Genetic predisposition to CVDs in adolescents remains largely unknown. Aims of present research are to examine the association ofADIPOQgene polymorphisms with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents.Methods:A total of 14 polymorphisms in theADIPOQgene were genotyped in 1057 European adolescents (12–18 years old) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study. We measured serum lipids and a CVD risk score, along with weight, height, triceps, and subscapular skinfold thickness, leptin, insulin and other markers of glucose regulation.Results:The rs822393, rs822395 and rs7649121 polymorphisms ofADIPOQgene were significantly associated with several CVD risk factors [i.e. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, SBP and CVD risk score] in European adolescents. We also found an association of the TGAAGTADIPOQhaplotype (rs822393, rs16861210, rs822395, rs822396, rs12495941 and rs7649121) with HDL-C and ApoA1 levels.Conclusion:Several individual polymorphisms (rs822393, rs822395 and rs7649121) and a haplotype ofADIPOQgene were significantly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors in European adolescents.
Use of Statewide Administrative Data to Assess Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Utter Garth H. , Dhillon Tejveer S. , Danielsen Beate H. , Salcedo Edgardo S. , Shouldice Daniel J. , Humphries Misty D. , White Richard H. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Single-center comparative effectiveness studies evaluating outcomes that can occur posthospitalization may become biased if outcomes diagnosed at other facilities are not ascertained. Administrative datasets that link patients’ records across facilities may improve outcome ascertainment.

Objective:
To determine whether use of linked administrative data significantly augments thromboembolic outcome ascertainment.

Research Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Subjects:
Patients with an acute isolated calf deep vein thrombosis (DVT) diagnosed at 1 Californian center during 2010–2013.

Measures:
Proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE) within 180 days. We ascertained outcomes from linked California hospitalization, emergency department, and ambulatory surgery data and compared this information to outcomes previously identified from review of the center’s medical records.

Results:
Among 384 patients with an isolated calf DVT, 333 could be linked to longitudinal administrative data records. Ten patients had a possible proximal DVT or PE (4 more clearly so) from administrative data; all were unknown from medical record review. Eleven patients with known outcomes from medical record review had no outcome from administrative data. The adjusted odds ratio of proximal DVT or PE with therapeutic anticoagulation attenuated from 0.33 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12–0.87] using only medical record review to 0.64 (95% CI, 0.29–1.40) using both medical record review and possible outcomes from administrative data. Restricting the outcome to diagnoses clearly involving proximal DVT or PE, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.19–1.10).

Conclusions:
Use of linked hospital administrative data augmented detection of outcomes but imperfect linkage, nonspecific diagnoses, and documentation/coding errors introduced uncertainty regarding the accuracy of outcome ascertainment.
Could the skewness and kurtosis texture parameters of lesions obtained from pretreatment Ga-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT images predict receptor radionuclide therapy response in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors?
Authors: Önner Hasan , Abdülrezzak Ümmühan , Tutuş Ahmet 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
In our study, tumor heterogeneity was evaluated using the parameters skewness and kurtosis on pretreatment Ga-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT to assess therapy responses of lesions in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP NETs) treated with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).

Method
We retrospectively studied the texture analysis with relatively simple first-order parameters skewness and kurtosis on pretreatment Ga-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT from 22 patients (eight females, 14 males; with a mean age: 54 ± 11 years) with GEP NETs who were treated with 2–6 therapy cycles of Lu-177 DOTA-TATE. A total of 326 lesions of 22 patients were evaluated in terms of treatment response by Ga-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT examination performed before and after treatment. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess skewness and kurtosis to discriminate between responder and nonresponder lesions.

Result
A total of 326 lesions of 22 patients were evaluated and 137 lesions responded partially or completely to the treatment, 189 lesions did not respond to treatment, remained stable or progressed. The skewness and kurtosis values of the lesions which did not respond to the PRRT were significantly higher than those with response to PRRT treatment (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). However, ROC curves provided a moderate area under the curve value for skewness and a relatively low value for kurtosis (0.619 and 0.518, respectively).

Conclusion
Texture analysis using skewness and kurtosis of the lesions on pretreatment Ga-68 DOTA-TATE PET/CT was able to predict their responsiveness to PRRT.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome Among Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors: Experience From South India
Authors: Nirmal Garima , Thankamony Priyakumari , Chellapam Sojamani Guruprasad , Nair Manjusha , Rajeswari Binitha , Varikkattu Rajendran Prasanth , Krishna K.M. Jagathnath 
Published: June 2020

Background and Objectives:
Improved survival of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has diverted attention to the long-term consequences of the treatment; metabolic abnormalities being one of the most important issues.

Methods:
Children diagnosed with ALL at age 14 years and younger at Regional Cancer Centre in South India who completed treatment and who were on follow-up for >2 years were enrolled in the study between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019. They were prospectively evaluated for the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and associated risk factors.

Results and Discussion:
A total of 277 survivors of pediatric ALL were recruited during the study period. MS was present in 8.3% (n=23) and 6% (n=13) survivors by National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEPATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the survivors was 9% and 13%. The prevalence of increased waist circumference, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose, and increased blood pressure were 10.5%, 28.9%, 24.9%, 2.5%, and 9%, respectively. Overweight/obese survivors were at an increased risk for developing MS (odds ratio=17.66; 95% confidence interval=6.2-50.16, P=0.001). Survivors who received cranial radiotherapy were at an elevated risk for having low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.001).

Conclusions:
In our study, the prevalence of MS was higher in childhood ALL survivors, as compared with the general population. The study points to the need for regular screening of pediatric ALL survivors for early detection of MS, along with lifestyle modification in those with metabolic abnormalities, to curb the growing incidence of coronary artery disease.
Front-Line Human Resource Time-Use for Early Infant HIV Diagnosis: A Comparative Time-Motion Study at Centralized and Point-of-Care Health Facilities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Adetunji Oluwarantimi , Mukherjee Sushant , Sacks Emma , Ciaranello Andrea , Chadambuka Addmore , Mafaune Haurovi , McCann Nicole , Cohn Jennifer 
Published: June 2020

Background:Point-of-care (POC) assays for early infant diagnosis of HIV (EID) increase access to testing, shorten time to results, and expedite initiation of antiretroviral therapy when compared with laboratory-based assays. However, there is a significant gap in our understanding of its human resource impact at the facility level. This study evaluates front-line health workers' (HWs') time associated with EID.Setting:Using time-motion methodology, we collected time-use data on EID tasks performed by HWs at 3 EID facility types in Zimbabwe—5 POC hubs, 9 POC spokes, and 11 facilities that used centralized laboratories.Methods:Data collectors observed 30 EID processes and 30 HWs' provided self-reported time. Comparisons of mean differences of HWs' time-use between centralized and POC EID were performed with a 2-samplettest with unequal variances.Results:Observed average total labor time per EID test at POC facilities was 28 minutes, 22 seconds [95% confidence interval (CI): 22:51 to 35:48], which was equivalent to the average preresult time at facilities using centralized EID. HWs performed other tasks while the machine processed samples. Observed average preresult time (counseling to sample preparation) was 18 minutes, 6 Supported by seconds (95% CI: 13:00 to 23:42) for POC compared with 27 minutes, 48 seconds (95% CI: 23:48 to 32:50) for facilities using centralized laboratories. The mean difference of 9 minutes, 42 seconds (95% CI: 03:04 to 16:18) was statistically significant. The differences in self-reported average total labor time per EID test between HWs at facilities using centralized laboratories or POC were not statistically significant.Conclusion:Use of POC assays did not incur additional human resource time compared with sending dried blood spots to a centralized laboratory for EID.
HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in Cameroon: EID Positivity Yields and Key Risk Factors by Health Service Points After Usage of POC EID Systems
Authors: Tchendjou Patrice , Nzima Valery , Lekeumo Simplice , Sacks Emma , Bianchi Flavia , Lemaire Jean-Francois , Zoung Kanyi Bissek Anne-Cecile , Binde Thierry , Ngoh Elvis Akwo , Tchounga Boris , Tiam Appolinaire , Cohn Jennifer ,   for Cameroon POC EID Study group
Published: June 2020

Background:
Most HIV-exposed infants access early infant diagnosis (EID) through the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service points. However, there are limited data on HIV positivity in non-PMTCT health care settings (pediatric wards, emergency departments, outpatient departments, tuberculosis clinics, etc.). The introduction of point-of-care testing provided an opportunity to describe HIV positivity at alternative health service points and associated risk factors.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional subanalysis with data from 58 health facilities in Cameroon. The risk of a child being HIV positive at a health service point was considered as a dependent variable, and exploratory variables were assessed using multivariate models with a significance level of 0.05.

Results:
Overall, 2254 HIV-exposed infants identified by clinical or biological screening were tested by polymerase chain reaction using point-of-care EID. Approximately 74.3% of the infants were tested at a PMTCT entry point, whereas 25.7% were tested at non-PMTCT service points. The positivity yield was 5.7% (95 of the 1674) at the PMTCT service point and 17.6% (102 of the 580) at non-PMTCT service points. Non-PMTCT service points [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36 to 2.80] and vaginal delivery (aOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.25 to 5.25) were independently associated with HIV positivity. In a separate analysis (infants aged 0–6 months), mixed feeding mode (aOR: 3.68; 95% CI: 2.00 to 6.77) was also associated with HIV positivity.

Conclusions:
More than half of children newly identified as HIV-positive were tested at non-PMTCT service points. The highest EID positivity yields were found in non-PMTCT service points. Strengthening HIV testing in non-PMTCT service points may help to identify additional infected children and improve timely initiation of treatment and care.
Strengthening Existing Laboratory-Based Systems vs. Investing in Point-of-Care Assays for Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV: A Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: McCann Nicole C. , Cohn Jennifer , Flanagan Clare , Sacks Emma , Mukherjee Sushant , Walensky Rochelle P. , Adetunji Oluwarantimi , Maeka Kenneth K. , Panella Christopher , Chadambuka Addmore , Mafaune Haurovi , Odhiambo Collins , Freedberg Kenneth A. , Ciaranello Andrea L. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
To improve early infant HIV diagnosis (EID) programs, options include replacing laboratory-based tests with point-of-care (POC) assays or investing in strengthened systems for sample transport and result return.

Setting:
We used the CEPAC-Pediatric model to examine clinical benefits and costs of 3 EID strategies in Zimbabwe for infants 6 weeks of age.

Methods:
We examined (1) laboratory-based EID (LAB), (2) strengthened laboratory-based EID (S-LAB), and (3) POC EID (POC). LAB/S-LAB and POC assays differed in sensitivity (LAB/S-LAB 100%, POC 96.9%) and specificity (LAB/S-LAB 99.6%, POC 99.9%). LAB/S-LAB/POC algorithms also differed in: probability of result return (79%/91%/98%), time until result return (61/53/1 days), probability of initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) after positive result (52%/71%/86%), and total cost/test ($18.10/$30.47/$30.71). We projected life expectancy (LE) and average lifetime per-person cost for all HIV-exposed infants. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) from discounted (3%/year) LE and costs in $/year-of-life saved (YLS), defining cost effective as an ICER <$580/YLS (reflecting programs providing 2 vs. 1 ART regimens). In sensitivity analyses, we varied differences between S-LAB and POC in result return probability, result return time, ART initiation probability, and cost.

Results:
For infants who acquired HIV, LAB/S-LAB/POC led to projected one-year survival of 67.3%/69.9%/75.6% and undiscounted LE of 21.74/22.71/24.49 years. For all HIV-exposed infants, undiscounted LE was 63.35/63.38/63.43 years, at discounted lifetime costs of $200/220/240 per infant. In cost-effectiveness analysis, S-LAB was an inefficient use of resources; the ICER of POC vs. LAB was $830/YLS.

Conclusions:
Current EID programs will attain greater benefit from investing in POC EID rather than strengthening laboratory-based systems.
Validation of a Self-administrable, Saliva-based RT-qPCR Test Detecting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Miller Meghan , Jansen Michael , Bisignano Alexander , Mahoney Shannon , Wechsberg Christine , Albanese Nikita , Castillo Louise , Farinas Pia , Lazarin Gabriel A. , Jaremko Malgorzata 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundRapid and easy COVID-19 diagnostic testing is essential to controlling the pandemic and facilitating safe resumption of clinical care, employment and other social activities.MethodsThis study was conducted to validate an self-administrable saliva-based RT-qPCR test for the SARS-CoV2 virus under controlled laboratory conditions (analytical validation) according to federal guidance. An additional clinical study assessed positive (n = 34) and negative (n = 57) nasopharyngeal swab samples collected contemporaneously with saliva samples. Assessments for analytical specificity, sensitivity, cross reactivity and sample stability to simulate shipping conditions were conducted.ResultsPositive and negative agreement with third-party laboratory results were reported as 97.1% and 96.5–98.2%, respectively. Limit of detection was established at 5 copies/µL. Stability through simulated shipping conditions found 100% concordance up to 56 hours after collection. Discussion: These data validate a self-collected saliva-based COVID-19 RT-qPCR assay that performs comparably well to an assay of health care-provider administered nasopharyngeal swab samples. Accordingly, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization in June 2020. Use of the saliva-based assay overcomes barriers to the necessary widespread testing, including strained health care resources, supply chain disruptions of laboratory materials, testing and protective equipment and exposure risks due to close interpersonal contact.
Scrutinizing the heterogeneous spreading of COVID-19 outbreak in Brazilian territory
Authors: Silva Rafael M. da , Mendes Carlos F.O. , Manchein Cesar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter the spread of COVID-19 out of China, the evolution of the pandemic shows remarkable similarities and differences among countries across the world. Eventually, such characteristics are also observed between different regions of the same country. Herewith, we study the heterogeneous spreading of the confirmed infected cases and deaths by the COVID-19 until May 30th, 2020, in the Brazilian territory, which has been seen as the current epicenter of the pandemic in South America. Our first set of results is related to the similarities and it shows that: (i) a power-law growth of the cumulative number of infected people is observed for federative units of the five regions of Brazil; and (ii) the Distance Correlation (DC) calculated between the time series of the most affected federative units and the curve that describes the evolution of the pandemic in Brazil remains about 1 in most of the time, while such quantity calculated for the federative units with a low incidence of newly infected people remains about 0.95. In the second set of results, we focus on the heterogeneous distribution of the confirmed cases and deaths, which is demonstrated by the fact that only three regions concentrate 92% of the cases. By applying the epidemiological SIRD model we estimated the effective reproduction number ℛe during the pandemic evolution and found that: (i) the mean value of ℛe for the eight most affected federative units in Brazil is about 2; (ii) the current value of ℛe for Brazil is greater than 1, which indicates that the epidemic peak is far; and (iii) Ceará was the only federative unit for which the current ℛe < 1. Based on these findings, we projected the effects of increase or decrease the effective reproduction number and concluded that if the value of ℛe increases 20%, not only the peak might grow at least 40% but also its occurrence might be anticipated, which hastens the collapse of the public health care system. In all cases, to keep the effective reproduction number 20% below the current one can save thousands of people in the long term.
Heliconiini butterflies can learn time-dependent reward associations
Authors: Toure M. Wyatt , Young Fletcher J. , McMillan W. Owen , Montgomery Stephen H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor many pollinators, flowers provide predictable temporal schedules of resource availability, meaning an ability to learn time-dependent information could be widely beneficial. However, this ability has only been demonstrated in a handful of species. Observational studies ofHeliconiusbutterflies suggest that they may have an ability to form time-dependent foraging preferences.Heliconiusare unique among butterflies in actively collecting and digesting pollen, a dietary behaviour linked to spatiotemporally faithful ‘trap-line’ foraging. Time-dependency of foraging preferences is hypothesised to allowHeliconiusto exploit temporal predictability in alternative pollen resources, as well as contributing to optimal use of learnt foraging routes. Here, we provide the first experimental evidence in support of this hypothesis, demonstrating thatHeliconius hecalecan learn opposing colour preferences in two time periods. This shift in preference is robust to the order of presentation, suggesting that preference is tied to the time of day and not due to ordinal learning. However, we also show that this ability is not limited toHeliconius, as previously hypothesised, but is also present in a related genus of non-pollen feeding butterflies. This demonstrates that time learning pre-dates the origin of pollen-feeding and may be prevalent across butterflies with less specialized foraging behaviours.
Functional and molecular early enteric biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease in mice and men
Authors: Gries Manuela , Christmann Anne , Schulte Steven , Weyland Maximilian , Rommel Stephanie , Martin Monika , Baller Marko , Röth Ralph , Schmitteckert Stefanie , Unger Marcus , Liu Yang , Sommer Frederik , Mühlhaus Timo , Schroda Michael , Timmermans Jean-Pierre , Pintelon Isabel , Rappold Gudrun A. , Britschgi Markus , Lashuel Hilal , Menger Michael D. , Laschke Matthias W. , Niesler Beate , Schäfer Karl-Herbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) usually has a late clinical onset. The lack of early biomarkers for the disease represents a major challenge for developing timely treatment interventions. Here, we use an α-synuclein-overexpressing transgenic (Th-1-SNCA-A30P) mouse model of PD to identify appropriate candidate markers in the gut for early stages of PD before hallmark symptoms begin to manifest. A30P mice did not show alterations in gait parameters at 2 months of age, and these mice were therefore defined as pre-symptomatic A30P mice (psA30P). We discovered early functional motility changes in the gut and early molecular dysregulations in the myenteric plexus of psA30P mice by comparative protein and miRNA profiling and cell culture experiments. We found that the proteins neurofilament light chain, vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 and calbindin 2, together with the miRNAs that regulate them, are potential biomarkers of early PD that may facilitate timely treatment and/or prevention of PD in men.