bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of key modules and hub genes associated with lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Xia Yuechong , Lei Cheng , Yang Danhui , Luo Hong 
Published: September 2020

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease, characterized by a decline in lung function. To date, the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with lung dysfunction remain unclear, and no effective therapy has been identified to improve lung function.

Methods
In the present study, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and hub genes associated with lung function in IPF. Three datasets, containing clinical information, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. WGCNA was performed on the GSE32537 dataset. Differentially expressed gene s (DEGs) between IPF patients and healthy controls were also identified to filter hub genes. The relationship between hub genes and lung function was then validated using the GSE47460 and GSE24206 datasets.

Results
The red module, containing 267 genes, was positively correlated with the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire score (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted) (r = − 0.46, p < 0.001) and the percent predicted diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (Dlco% predicted) (r = − 0.42, p < 0.001). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis suggested that the genes in the red module were primarily involved in inflammation and immune pathways. Based on Module Membership and Gene Significance, 32 candidate hub genes were selected in the red module to construct a protein-protein interaction network . Based on the identified DEGs and the degree of connectivity in the network, we identified three hub genes, including interleukin 6 (IL6), suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3), and serpin family E member 1 (SERPINE1). In the GSE47460 dataset, Spearman correlation coefficients between Dlco% predicted and expression levels of IL6, SERPINE1, SOCS3 were –0.32, –0.41, and –0.46, respectively. Spearman correlation coefficients between FVC% predicted and expression levels of IL6, SERPINE1, SOCS3 were –0.29, –0.33, and –0.27, respectively. In the GSE24206 dataset, all three hub genes were upregulated in patients with advanced IPF.

Conclusion
We identified three hub genes that negatively correlated with the lung function of IPF patients. Our results provide insights into the pathogenesis underlying the progressive disruption of lung function, and the identified hub genes may serve as biomarkers and potential therapeutictargets for the treatment of IPF patients.
Identification of Coliform in Common Street Food and Associated Factors of Contamination in Noakhali, Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Nurain Nuvia , Hasan Md. Faqrul , Raihan Md. Maruf , Akter Farjana 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the quality of street food as means of total coliform count and identify the relationship with the personal hygiene of the food vendors during cooking, processing, and serving of these foods as well.
Study Design: It is a cross-sectional study of nature.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Food Technology and Nutrition Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, from October 2019 to February 2020.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a pretested structured questionnaire by convenient sampling method. Apart from data collection from 40 street vendors, nine types of street food were selected for analysis from those vendors, and a total of 40 samples were collected for a laboratory test. Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used for the determination of total coliform count.
Findings: From the study, it was found that about 70% of food samples had a satisfactory level of coliform count (total coliform < 100 per gm). The study also identified that people aged 25 to 35 years had a greater satisfactory bacterial level (84.6%) in the foods, they sold due to incognizance about hygiene, significant relation between the timing of business and the bacterial count (p=0.049) was also reported in the present study.
Conclusion: The present study was conducted to identify the quality of street food and the hygiene behaviors of the food vendors and the paper find out the need of proper education and training might be a compatible way to enhance the quality of street foods as well as to ensure a healthy lifestyle for the consumers.
COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessing the Effectiveness of Educational Technology Applications on Improvement of Tutor-student Relationships in Ghanaian Colleges of Education
Authors: Nkansah Emmanuel , Ayiku Frank , Mensah Yaw Ackaah , Nkrumah Collins Fordjour , Evans Atteh 
Published: September 2020

Aim: The study sought to investigate the level of effectiveness of Educational technology applications on improvement of the relationship between college of education tutors and students’ communication and interactivity, seeking and sharing information in learning during this CODVID 19 pandemic era in Ghana.
Study Design: This study used descriptive cross-sectional survey research design.
Methodology: The main instrument used for the study was questionnaire. The sample size for the study comprised of college of education students. In this study, purposive sampling and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 370 students (made up of level 100 and level 200 students) of which 210 were males and 160 were females.
Results: The respondents agreed that there is high level of effectiveness of the relationship between college of education tutors and students’ through the use of Educational technology applications in the respect of communication and interactivity, seeking and sharing information in learning.
Conclusion: From the study it can be concluded that there is high level of effectiveness of using Educational technology applications on improvement of the relationship between tutors and students with respect to communication and interactive learning, seeking and sharing information in this corona virus pandemic era.
Prevalence and Pattern of Birth Defects among Pediatric Surgical Patients: A 12-Year Analysis in a Tertiary-level Government Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Kabir S. M. Humayun , Alam Md. Afruzul , Chowdhury Md. Tameem Shafayat , Khan Rumana , Farhad Tanzil , Farooq Md. Abdullah Al 
Published: September 2020

Aims: Birth defects are structural or functional abnormalities which occur during the intrauterine life but can be identified at birth or a later age. Birth defects are major public health concerns and the World Health organization (WHO) is supporting countries for earlier diagnosis and better treatment of these conditions. The aim of the study was to assess the hospital-based prevalence and types of birth defects among the surgical children from a part of the world where these are underreported.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients of birth defects admitted in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chattogram Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh for a period of 12 years (2008-2019). Data were extracted from annual admission reports, annual audits, mortality and morbidity audits, death registers and computerize data base. Yearly distribution of birth defects, type of defects and their systemic distribution and mortality were analyzed.
Results: Among a total of 30,301 admitted patients 30.72% (9307 patients) had birth defects. The most common system involved with birth defects was gastrointestinal (GI) system, 30.61% followed by genitourinary (GU), 29.15% system. Congenital inguinal hernia (17.50%) was the most common disease, followed by hypospadias (14.54%) and anorectal malformation (ARM); 13.98%. Mortality from birth defects were 53.25% of all mortalities. ARM was the most common cause of death (23%), followed by gastroschisis (16%) and intestinal atresia (11%). Highest mortality rates were in tracheo-esophageal fistula/esophageal atresia (TEF/EA)- 83.33%, gastroschisis-80.92%; intestinal atresia-42.53%; omphalocele-32.48%; and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)- 27.78%.
Conclusion: Pattern of birth defects and outcome varied from other countries. The prevalence is 31% among pediatric surgical admissions. Some conditions have extremely high mortality rates and need better management.
Hierarchical Carbon Fiber@MXene@MoS2 Core‐sheath Synergistic Microstructure for Tunable and Efficient Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wang Jianqiao , Liu Lei , Jiao Songlong , Ma Kejian , Lv Jun , Yang Junjie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicrocosmic 3D hierarchical structural design has proved to be an effective strategy to obtain high‐performance microwave absorbers, although the treatments to low‐dimensional cells in monolithic framework are usually based on semiempirical rules. In this work, a hierarchical carbon fiber (CF)@MXene@MoS2 (CMM) core‐sheath synergistic structure with tunable and efficient microwave absorption (MA) properties is fabricated by introducing self‐assembled Ti3C2Tx MXene on the surface of CF and subsequent anchoring of MoS2. By the synergistic effects from the MXene sheath increasing the conductive loss and MoS2 at the outermost layer improving the impedance matching, the MA performance of CMM can be effectively regulated and optimized: the optimal reflection loss is −61.51 dB with a thickness of 3.5 mm and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth covers the whole Ku‐band with 7.6 GHz at 2.1 mm. Meanwhile, the whole X‐band absorption can also be achieved with specific MoS2 loading at an optimized thickness.
Novel Electron Transport Layer Material for Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 22% Efficiency and Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Li Fumin , Shen Zhitao , Weng Yujuan , Lou Qiang , Chen Chong , Shen Liang , Guo Wenbin , Li Guangyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe electron transport layer (ETL) has an important influence on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of n‐i‐p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). This paper presents an N‐type semiconductor material, (CH3)2Sn(COOH)2 (abbreviated as CSCO) that is synthesized and prepared for the first time as an ETL for n‐i‐p planar PSCs, which leads to a high PCE of 22.21% after KCl treatment, one of the highest PCEs of n‐i‐p planar PSCs to date. Further analysis reveals that the high PCE is attributed to the excellent conductivity of CSCO because of its more delocalized electron cloud distribution due to its unique −O=C−O− group, and to the defect passivation of the Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 (denoted as CsFAMA) perovskite through the interaction between the O (Sn) atoms of CSCO and the Pb (halogen) atoms of CsFAMA at CSCO/CsFAMA interface, while the traditional ETL materials such as SnO2 film lack this function. In addition to the high PCE, the optimal PSCs using CSCO as ETL show remarkable stability, retaining over 83% of its initial PCE without encapsulation after 130 days of storage in ambient conditions (≈25 °C at ≈40% humidity), much better than the traditional SnO2‐based n‐i‐p PSCs.
A group psychoanalytic approach to international mediation
Authors: Salaam Abdel‐Malek Hana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThough mediation is commonly used to resolve international conflicts, most diplomatic efforts focus on rational analyses of real interests. Despite existing interest in the unconscious dynamics underlying international relationships and mediation processes and outcomes, more attention could be given to approaching unofficial or backchannel mediation from a group psychoanalytic framework. In this paper, I elaborate on whether a group psychoanalytic approach could complement peacemakers' current strategies by working through the unconscious dynamics at play during dialogues. Group psychoanalysts could analyze and interpret the psychic realities unfolding in the “here and now” of the group experience, that is, the psychic realities of the mediation group as a whole, its constituent members, and their links. A group psychoanalytic approach could help participants explore, elaborate, and symbolize the unconscious dynamics at play during their encounter to foster transformation of their conflictual relationships.
AWWA Standards for Water Reuse
Authors: Olson Paul J. 
Published: September 2020

Key TakeawaysWater reuse—the process of using water more than once within a community for beneficial purposes—can expand resources for irrigation, industrial processes, and even potable drinking water supply.AWWA understands the need for water reuse and, in addition to including a specific policy statement for using reclaimed water for public water supply purposes, has published two utility management standards on the topic.AWWA staff and volunteers are actively working to obtain feedback from users of the standards, and AWWA intends to publish updated and revised versions within the next couple of years.
A novel frameshift mutation of COL4A5 in a Chinese family with presumed IgA nephropathy and chronic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Zhu Qian , Zhou Cong , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlport syndrome (ATS) is a hereditary nephritis with hereditary and clinical heterogeneity; the early clinical symptoms are atypical, which can easily lead to misdiagnosis. The proband, a 6‐year‐old girl, was found to have microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and visual impairment at about 5 years old; the results of renal pathological examination revealed mesangial hyperplasia and IgA deposition. The proband's father exhibited gross hematuria, eye swelling, and bilateral hearing loss after the age of 5, renal function progressively decreased, and he underwent right renal allograft at the age of 23 due to renal failure. The proband and her father were clinically diagnosed as IgA nephropathy and chronic glomerulonephritis, respectively.MethodsFor proband, targeted exome capture sequencing was performed using the Targeted Exome Capture Kit; this kit targets 162 genes known to cause renal diseases. The identified mutation was confirmed and analyzed for cosegregation by Sanger sequencing in other family members whose gDNA was available.ResultsTargeted exome capture sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous variant (NM_000495, c.697delG, p.G233fs) in the COL4A5 gene of the proband; the variant was inherited from her father. The variant was likely pathogenic according to the criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics.ConclusionIn this study, we first report a c.697delG mutation of COL4A5 in two patients presumed IgA nephropathy and chronic glomerulonephritis. This study emphasizes on the diagnostic value of next‐generation sequencing for hereditary kidney diseases to help in their timely and cost‐effective diagnosis, determine appropriate treatments, and promote genetic counseling.
Quantum mechanical reference spectrum simulation for precursors and degradation products of chemicals relevant to the Chemical Weapons Convention
Authors: Koskela Harri , Cavalcante Samir F. de A. , Ahmed Samim , Vanninen Paula 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA selection of acidic, alkaline and neutral degradation products relevant to the Chemical Weapons Convention was studied in wide range of pH conditions to determine their spin systems as well as spectral parameters. The pH dependence of chemical shifts and J couplings was parameterized using Henderson–Hasselbalch‐based functions using dichloromethane as additional shift reference in TSP‐d4 referenced spectra. The resulting parameters allowed calculation of precise chemical shifts and J coupling constants in arbitrary pH conditions. The validity of the obtained spin system definitions and parameters as a source of quantum mechanically simulated reference data in chemical verification analysis is demonstrated.
Generalised cosets
Authors: Demulder Saskia , Hassler Falk , Piccinini Giacomo , Thompson Daniel C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recent work has shown that two-dimensional non-linear σ-models on group manifolds with Poisson-Lie symmetry can be understood within generalised geometry as exemplars of generalised parallelisable spaces. Here we extend this idea to target spaces constructed as double cosets M = $$ \tilde{G} $$

G
˜

\𝔻/H. Mirroring conventional coset geometries, we show that on M one can construct a generalised frame field and a H -valued generalised spin connection that together furnish an algebra under the generalised Lie derivative. This results naturally in a generalised covariant derivative with a (covariantly) constant generalised intrinsic torsion, lending itself to the construction of consistent truncations of 10-dimensional supergravity compactified on M . An important feature is that M can admit distinguished points, around which the generalised tangent bundle should be augmented by localised vector multiplets. We illustrate these ideas with explicit examples of two-dimensional parafermionic theories and NS5-branes on a circle.
On the hydrodynamics of unstable excitations
Authors: Castro-Alvaredo Olalla A. , De Fazio Cecilia , Doyon Benjamin , Ravanini Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The generalized hydrodynamic (GHD) approach has been extremely successful in describing the out-of-equilibrium properties of a great variety of integrable many-body quantum systems. It naturally extracts the large-scale dynamical degrees of freedom of the system, and is thus a particularly good probe for emergent phenomena. One such phenomenon is the presence of unstable particles, traditionally seen via special analytic structures of the scattering matrix. Because of their finite lifetime and energy threshold, these are especially hard to study. In this paper we apply the GHD approach to a model possessing both unstable excitations and quantum integrability. The largest family of relativistic integrable quantum field theories known to have these features are the homogeneous sine-Gordon models. We consider the simplest non-trivial example of such theories and investigate the effect of an unstable excitation on various physical quantities, both at equilibrium and in the non-equilibrium state arising from the partitioning protocol. The hydrodynamic approach sheds new light onto the physics of the unstable particle, going much beyond its definition via the analytic structure of the scattering matrix, and clarifies its effects both on the equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium properties of the theory. Crucially, within this dynamical perspective, we identify unstable particles as finitely-lived bound states of co-propagating stable particles of different types, and observe how stable populations of unstable particles emerge in large-temperature thermal baths.
The dual of non-extremal area: differential entropy in higher dimensions
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay , Rabideau Charles 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Ryu-Takayanagi formula relates entanglement entropy in a field theory to the area of extremal surfaces anchored to the boundary of a dual AdS space. It is interesting to ask if there is also an information theoretic interpretation of the areas of non-extremal surfaces that are not necessarily boundary-anchored. In general, the physics outside such surfaces is associated to observers restricted to a time-strip in the dual boundary field theory. When the latter is two-dimensional, it is known that the differential entropy associated to the strip computes the length of the dual bulk curve, and has an interpretation in terms of the information cost in Bell pairs of restoring correlations inaccessible to observers in the strip. A general realization of this formalism in higher dimensions is unknown. We first prove a no-go theorem eliminating candidate expressions for higher dimensional differential entropy based on entropic c-theorems. Then we propose a new formula in terms of an integral of shape derivatives of the entanglement entropy of ball shaped regions. Our proposal stems from the physical requirement that differential entropy must be locally finite and conformally invariant. Demanding cancelation of the well-known UV divergences of entanglement entropy in field theory guides us to our conjecture, which we test for surfaces in AdS4. Our results suggest a candidate c-function for field theories in arbitrary dimensions.
Skimming impacts and rebounds of smoothly shaped bodies on shallow liquid layers
Authors: Palmer Ryan A. , Smith Frank T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvestigated in this paper is the coupled fluid–body motion of a thin solid body undergoing a skimming impact on a shallow-water layer. The underbody shape (the region that makes contact with the liquid layer) is described by a smooth polynomic curve for which the magnitude of underbody thickness is represented by the scale parameter C. The body undergoes an oblique impact (where the horizontal speed of the body is much greater than its vertical speed) onto a liquid layer with the underbody’s trailing edge making the initial contact. This downstream contact point of the wetted region is modelled as fixed (relative to the body) throughout the skimming motion with the liquid layer assumed to detach smoothly from this sharp trailing edge. There are two geometrical scenarios of interest: the concave case ($$C<0$$

C
<
0

producing a hooked underbody) and the convex case ($$C > 0$$

C
>
0

producing a rounded underbody). As C is varied the rebound dynamics of the motion are predicted. Analyses of small-time water entry and of water exit are presented and are shown to be broadly in agreement with the computational results of the shallow-water model. Reduced analysis and physical insights are also presented in each case alongside numerical investigations and comparisons as C is varied, indicating qualitative analytical/numerical agreement. Increased body thickness substantially changes the interaction structure and accentuates inertial forces in the fluid flow.
An analysis method of the vortex-induced vibrations of a tethered sphere
Authors: Negri Marco , Mirauda Domenica , Malavasi Stefano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVortex-induced vibrations (VIV) in systems with more than one degree of freedom often present complex synchronization among the motion components, also hidden by the randomness that characterizes the motion itself. A phase average method has been here developed and applied to the displacements of a tethered sphere, at low mass and damping, to analyze its xy trajectories over a wide range of reduced velocities, 5 ≤ U* ≤ 25 (Reynolds numbers, 5.1 × 103 ≤ Re ≤ 2.67 × 104). This method has allowed the identification of both the periodic and chaotic contribution of each motion component, accurately reconstructing the underlying trajectory periodic pattern. The two classical vibration modes, I and II, have been also observed. The method developed here was able to better rebuild the experimental data compared to other methods found in the relevant literature, providing useful insights into the study of the dynamic response of a freely-oscillating tethered sphere immersed in a steady flow.