bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid quantitative imaging of high intensity ultrasonic pressure fields
Authors: Luo Huiwen , Kusunose Jiro , Pinton Gianmarco , Caskey Charles F , Grissom William A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) is a noninvasive technique for thermal or mechanical treatment of tissues that can lie deep within the body, with a growing body of FDA-approved indications. There is a pressing need for methods to rapidly and quantitatively map FUS beams for quality assurance in the clinic, and to accelerate research and development of new FUS systems and techniques. However, conventional ultrasound pressure beam mapping instruments including hydrophones and optical techniques are slow, not portable, and expensive, and most cannot map beams at actual therapeutic pressure levels. Here, we report a rapid projection imaging method to quantitatively map FUS pressure beams based on continuous-wave background-oriented schlieren (CW-BOS) imaging. The method requires only a water tank, a background pattern and a camera, and uses a multi-layer deep neural network to reconstruct beam maps. Results at two FUS frequencies show that CW-BOS imaging can produce high-resolution quantitative projected FUS pressure maps in under ten seconds, that the technique is linear and robust to beam rotations and translations, and that it can accurately map aberrated beams.
Advertising or branding: it is different
Authors: Jain Mohit , Srivastava Ritu 
Published: February 2020

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: to understand the linkage between brand development and advertising/marketing communications plan; and to understand the critical role of branding for organizations and its clients against competition in a business-to-business environment.

Case overview/synopsis
The case presents a very dilemma faced by firms such as Bharat Oil Company in developing economies such as India. The public sector entities in India have always enjoyed state-vested power, authority and control. Employees in the organizations lack the appreciation for concepts such as branding and marketing communications. It is a similar situation with the case protagonist Deepak Dixit. The company has completed its first phase of marketing communications/advertising exercise for Prosell, the petrochemical brand. Deepak’s boss Aakash wants Deepak to prepare the marketing communications plan for the second phase of Prosell. Deepak’s meeting with the customers and line managers left him perturbed about the success of the first phase of brand Prosell. The case ends at a point where Deepak has to come up with a branding and marketing communications plan rather than an advertising plan. Research methods: this case is based on data gathered from primary interviews with the case protagonist (name disguised), five line managers and eleven actual business customers of the Bharat Oil Company. Secondary data has been collected from published reports and company website. The name of the company has been disguised.

Complexity academic level
Postgraduate, Executive, Undergraduate.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
The Crown Prince Court’s Training and Career Development section: managing training for its employees
Authors: Al Remeithi Alya Ateeq , Ahmad Syed Zamberi 
Published: February 2020

Learning outcomesThis case study focuses on change management and employee resistance when implementing a new initiative. The case may be helpful to students to clarify their understanding of the following: the importance of employee involvement in the change management process in the government sector. Understand how to help employees to deal with change more effectively, maintaining their commitment and bringing them successfully through the change. Understand the importance of communication during the change process. Successful approaches used when implementing change, such as the Lewin model and Kotter 8. The obstacles to change, including resistance and adverse reactions to change and connecting employees, as well as the causes of resistance when implementing a change.Case overview/synopsisThe Crown Prince’s Court is an independent government entity established in 1971, providing support to the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi with the help of almost 300 employees. The Training and Career Development subsection headed by Sumaya Al Saedi decided to initiate an online training and development program for employees. Given that national service, maternity leave and emergency leave had led to working pressure and less training and development for the employees, Sumaya and her team realized that few employees were registering for the course and few of those that did register actually completed their course. Several causes were identified that had led to employees avoiding the online courses. Work pressure and technical issues were among the most salient reasons that kept registered employees from completing the course. The lack of policies at an institutional level to aid changes in training structures reduced the number of employees who felt that they could register for the courses. Therefore, Sumaya and her team had to decide how to attract their employees to online courses and how to support them.Complexity academic levelThis case study was written for Change Management courses in Bachelor of Business Administration programs. This case examines employee resistance to change when implementing a new system. It can, therefore, be used for undergraduate-level courses. As it concerns employees during the implementation of changes, this case study can be used to help students develop their planning and implementation skills. By focusing on internal departmental challenges, students are introduced to the change process of implementing an initiative and how to deal with employees in the organization.Supplementary materialsTeaching Notes are available for educators only.Subject codeCSS 6: Human Resource Management.
TTK Group’s “SKORE”: scoring in the condom industry
Authors: Kamath Renuka 
Published: February 2020

Learning outcomes
To appreciate the link of marketing strategy in terms of a brand launch, implementation and sustainability for business growth; to appreciate the complexity of consumer behavior in the purchase and usage journey of consumers for condoms; to analyze the nature of competition for the entry of a differentiated new brand; to analyze points-of-parity and points-of differentiation for uniquely positioning a new brand in the condom category; and to examine, analyze and evaluate strategic options for the next stage of growth. To make choices from the options.

Case overview/synopsis
Vishal Vyas, General Manager Marketing, TTK Protective Devices Limited (TTKPDL), had been a part of the exciting journey of launching SKORE, their new brand of condoms. In 2010, the company found itself in a rather unusual circumstance when it lost its rights to the most successful condom brands in the country. However, they had with them their sales and marketing expertise, a good team and a strong and loyal network of retailers. TTKPDL decided to enter the rather crowded Indian condom market and launch a new brand, SKORE. As a product category, condoms were particularly complex, socially, as well as in attitude toward their purchase and usage. SKORE went on to optimally using marketing strategy and gaining a strong foothold by capturing market share from strong players with a differentiated positioning of a brand that was youthful and quirky. By 2017 after having steadily grown the brand, Vyas was now looking for the next level of growth in a market, which not only appeared to be stagnating but also one where competitive activity was increasing. He was considering different options for SKORE’s growth. For TTKPDL, the strategic choice may be between expanding to new markets and new segments of consumers or capturing more of their currently defined target group or both. If they wanted to do something different, should they also look at expanding their product portfolio? Vyas needed to decide on the next move.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in the core MBA Marketing Management course or core marketing course in the executive education program to highlight the important link of marketing strategy to business strategy. It can also find a place in marketing strategy and consumer behavior courses. It clearly demonstrates the launch and implementation of a new brand in a cluttered market of a sensitive product category and considers strategic options for further growth. The case is designed to help students appreciate consumer behavior for a sensitive product category and the entry of a new brand with five strong brands leading the market. It guides students toward looking at different options for the next level of growth and making recommendations.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Do materialists care about sustainable luxury?
Authors: Talukdar Nabanita , Yu Shubin 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying psychological mechanism and boundary conditions which drive materialists' purchase intention (PI) of sustainable over generic luxury products.Design/methodology/approachFour empirical studies (one survey and three experiments) were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsMaterialism has a positive effect on consumers' purchase intention of sustainable over generic luxury products because materialists tend to have higher perceived functional value of sustainable (i.e., green) luxury products. Product conspicuousness (i.e., publicly consumed versus privately consumed luxury) moderates the effect of materialism on PI of sustainable over generic luxury products. Materialism increases the perceived functional value and thus enhances the PI of sustainable luxury products over generic luxury products only when the product is privately consumed (as opposed to publicly consumed).Originality/valueThis article contributes to the literature that explores how materialism affects environmentalism. This study is among the first empirical works in the context of luxury that studies the relationship between materialism and purchase intention of green products over generic products. This study is also among the first in the context of materialists to empirically establish the importance of perceived functional value associated with sustainable over generic products in affecting PI. Moreover, this article investigates the moderating role of product conspicuousness, which enhances the generalizability of the findings.
Long non‐coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript promotes the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells by targeting miR‐551b‐3p/CCND1 axis
Authors: Chang Weiping , Wang Yuan , Li WenZhi , Geng Zhimin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccumulating reports have demonstrated that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the occurrence and metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). LncRNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) has been widely reported in hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer and colorectal cancer, but the relationship between MIAT and CCA progression has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we found that the expression of MIAT in CCA tissues was prominently higher than that in normal bile duct tissues. Moreover, TCGA‐CHOL data in the GEPIA platform further revealed the upregulated expression of MIAT in CCA tissues. Additionally, quantitative real‐time PCR results showed that MIAT expression was increased in CCA cell lines compared to the human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell line. Functionally, MIAT knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest as well as apoptosis in HuCCT‐1 and QBC939 cells. Conversely, ectopic expression of MIAT obviously facilitated the proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis resistance of RBE cells. Mechanistically, MIAT directly interacted with miR‐551b‐3p and inversely modulated miR‐551‐3p level in CCA cells. Furthermore, MIAT knockdown reduced the expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), which was rescued by miR‐551b‐3p silencing in HuCCT‐1 cells. Importantly, CCND1 restoration partially reversed MIAT knockdown‐induced proliferation inhibition, G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in HuCCT‐1 cells. In conclusion, MIAT was frequently overexpressed in CCA. MIAT contributed to the growth of CCA cells by targeting miR‐551b‐3p/CCND1 axis.
GPI7‐mediated glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring regulates appressorial penetration and immune evasion during infection of Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Liu Caiyun , Xing Junjie , Cai Xuan , Hendy Ahmed , He Wenhui , Yang Jun , Huang Junbing , Peng You‐Liang , Ryder Lauren , Chen Xiao‐Lin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryGlycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring plays key roles in many biological processes by targeting proteins to the cell wall; however, its roles are largely unknown in plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we reveal the roles of the GPI anchoring in Magnaporthe oryzae during plant infection. The GPI‐anchored proteins were found to highly accumulate in appressoria and invasive hyphae. Disruption of GPI7, a GPI anchor‐pathway gene, led to a significant reduction in virulence. The Δgpi7 mutant showed significant defects in penetration and invasive growth. This mutant also displayed defects of the cell wall architecture, suggesting GPI7 is required for cell wall biogenesis. Removal of GPI‐anchored proteins in the wild‐type strain by hydrofluoric acid (HF) pyridine treatment exposed both the chitin and β‐1,3‐glucans to the host immune system. Exposure of the chitin and β‐1,3‐glucans was also observed in the Δgpi7 mutant, indicating GPI‐anchored proteins are required for immune evasion. The GPI anchoring can regulate subcellular localization of the Gel proteins in the cell wall for appressorial penetration and abundance of which for invasive growth. Our results indicate the GPI anchoring facilitates the penetration of M. oryzae into host cells by affecting the cell wall integrity and the evasion of host immune recognition.
Valorization of byproducts from tropical fruits: Extraction methodologies, applications, environmental, and economic assessment: A review (Part 1: General overview of the byproducts, traditional biorefinery practices, and possible applications)
Authors: Villacís‐Chiriboga José , Elst Kathy , Van Camp John , Vera Edwin , Ruales Jenny 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTropical fruits represent one of the most important crops in the world. The continuously growing global market for the main tropical fruits is currently estimated at 84 million tons, of which approximately half is lost or wasted throughout the whole processing chain. Developing novel processes for the conversion of these byproducts into value‐added products could provide a viable way to manage this waste problem, aiming at the same time to create a sustainable economic growth within a bio‐economy perspective. Given the ever‐increasing concern about sustainability, complete valorization through a bio‐refinery approach, that is, zero waste concept, as well as the use of green techniques is therefore of utmost importance. This paper aims to report the status on the valorization of tropical fruit byproducts within a bio‐refinery frame, via the application of traditional methodologies, and with specific attention to the extraction of phenolics and carotenoids as bioactive compounds. The different types of byproducts, and their content of bioactives is reviewed, with a special emphasis on the lesser‐known tropical fruits. Moreover, the bioactivity of the different types of extracts and their possible application as a resource for different sectors (food, pharmaceutical, and environmental sciences) is discussed. Consequently, this review presents the concepts of tropical fruit biorefineries, and the potential applications of the isolated fractions.
Biotransformation of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene in a phototrophic co‐culture of engineered Synechococcus elongatus and Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Fedeson Derek T. , Saake Pia , Calero Patricia , Nikel Pablo Iván , Ducat Daniel C. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn contrast to the current paradigm of using microbial mono‐cultures in most biotechnological applications, increasing efforts are being directed towards engineering mixed‐species consortia to perform functions that are difficult to programme into individual strains. In this work, we developed a synthetic microbial consortium composed of two genetically engineered microbes, a cyanobacterium (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942) and a heterotrophic bacterium (Pseudomonas putida EM173). These microbial species specialize in the co‐culture: cyanobacteria fix CO2 through photosynthetic metabolism and secrete sufficient carbohydrates to support the growth and active metabolism of P. putida, which has been engineered to consume sucrose and to degrade the environmental pollutant 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT). By encapsulating S. elongatus within a barium–alginate hydrogel, cyanobacterial cells were protected from the toxic effects of 2,4‐DNT, enhancing the performance of the co‐culture. The synthetic consortium was able to convert 2,4‐DNT with light and CO2 as key inputs, and its catalytic performance was stable over time. Furthermore, cycling this synthetic consortium through low nitrogen medium promoted the sucrose‐dependent accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate, an added‐value biopolymer, in the engineered P. putida strain. Altogether, the synthetic consortium displayed the capacity to remediate the industrial pollutant 2,4‐DNT while simultaneously synthesizing biopolymers using light and CO2 as the primary inputs.
The Effect of Patient Observation on Cranial Computed Tomography Rates in Children With Minor Head Trauma
Authors: Singh Sonia , Hearps Stephen J. C. , Borland Meredith L. , Dalziel Stuart R. , Neutze Jocelyn , Donath Susan , Cheek John A. , Kochar Amit , Gilhotra Yuri , Phillips Natalie , Williams Amanda , Lyttle Mark D. , Bressan Silvia , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Oakley Ed , Holmes James F. , Kuppermann Nathan , Babl Franz E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundManagement of children with minor blunt head trauma often includes a period of observation to determine the need for cranial computed tomography (CT). Our objective was to estimate the effect of planned observation on CT use for each Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) traumatic brain injury (TBI) risk group among children with minor head trauma.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study at 10 emergency departments (EDs) in Australia and New Zealand, including 18,471 children < 18 years old, presenting within 24 hours of blunt head trauma, with Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 14 to 15. The planned observation cohort was defined by those with planned observation and no immediate plan for cranial CT. The comparison cohort included the rest of the patients who were either not observed or for whom a decision to obtain a cranial CT was made immediately after ED assessment. The outcome clinically important TBI (ciTBI) was defined as death due to head trauma, neurosurgery, intubation for > 24 hours for head trauma, or hospitalization for ≥ 2 nights in association with a positive cranial CT scan. We estimated the odds of cranial CT use with planned observation, adjusting for patient characteristics, PECARN TBI risk group, history of seizure, time from injury, and hospital clustering, using a generalized linear model with mixed effects.ResultsThe cranial CT rate in the total cohort was 8.6%, and 0.8% had ciTBI. The planned observation group had 4,945 (27%) children compared to 13,526 (73%) in the no planned observation group. Cranial CT use was significantly lower with planned observation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1 to 0.1), with no difference in missed ciTBI rates. There was no difference in the odds of cranial CT use with planned observation for the group at very low risk for ciTBI (adjusted OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.4). Planned observation was associated with significantly lower cranial CT use in patients at intermediate risk (adjusted OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.2 to 0.3) and high risk (adjusted OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.0 to 0.1) for ciTBI.ConclusionsEven in a setting with low overall cranial CT rates in children with minor head trauma, planned observation was associated with decreased cranial CT use. This strategy can be safely implemented on selected patients in the PECARN intermediate‐ and higher‐risk groups for ciTBI.
Third‐ and fourth‐degree tears: A review of the current evidence for prevention and management
Authors: Wilson Alyce N. , Homer Caroline S.E. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThird‐ and fourth‐degree tears are associated with significant pain, discomfort and impact on quality of life and intimate relationships. Australian women experience comparatively higher rates of third‐ and fourth‐degree tears relative to countries of similar economic development.AimsWe aimed to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature, published over the past five years, to identify the best ways to prevent and manage third‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tears in Australian maternity centres.Materials and MethodsWe searched the literature using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Maternity and Infant Care Database and Google Scholar for articles published since 2013 using key search terms. A review of reviews was undertaken given the extensive amount of literature on this topic.ResultsTwenty‐six systematic reviews were identified. The most common risk factors reported in the literature for third‐ and fourth‐degree tears included primiparity, mother’s ethnicity, large for gestational age infants and certain interventions used in labour and birth, such as instrumental deliveries. Preventive practices with varying degrees of effectiveness and often dependant on parity included: antenatal perineal massage, different maternal birthing positions, water births, warm compresses, protection of the perineum and episiotomy for instrumental births.ConclusionsThird‐ and fourth‐degree perineal tears are associated with immediate and long‐term implications for women and health systems. Evidence‐based approaches can reduce the number of women who sustain a severe perineal tear and alleviate the associated disease burden for those who do.