bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Febrile Neutropenia in the Pediatric Patient with Cancer
Authors: Koh Andrew Y. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Infectious diseases continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with cancer. Yet not all pediatric patients with cancer with fever and neutropenia are at equal risk for substantial morbidity or mortality from infection. Patients at highest risk for developing infectious complications are those with severe and prolonged neutropenia, substantial medical comorbidity, and hematologic malignancy, or recipients of stem-cell transplantation. These “high-risk” patients also have concomitant host immune deficits as well: severe mucositis, lymphopenia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and gut microbial dysbiosis. Because bacterial and fungal infections are the most common infectious complications, continuation of empirical antibacterial antibiotics that were initiated at the onset of febrile neutropenia and prompt initiation of empirical antifungal therapy in the setting of prolonged fever and neutropenia continue to be the standard of care. In high-risk patients, antibiotic therapy should be maintained until neutrophil counts have recovered. Adjunctive therapies have been shown to be ineffective (e.g., colony-stimulating factors) or necessitate further study (e.g., granulocyte infusions or keratinocyte growth factor treatment to heal mucositis). Prophylactic use of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics in high-risk patients has shown promise but the fear of inducing antimicrobial-resistant strains remains a deterrent. Finally, the novel concepts of manipulating the host gut microbiota and/or augmenting GI mucosal immunity to prevent invasive bacterial and fungal infections in pediatric patients with cancer offers great promise, but more definitive studies need to be performed.
Identification of Novel Biologic Targets in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Authors: Robison Nathan J. , Kieran Mark W. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) carry an extremely poor prognosis. Standard practice has been to base the diagnosis on classic imaging and clinical characteristics and to treat with focal radiation therapy, usually accompanied with experimental therapy. As a result of the desire to avoid upfront biopsy, little has been learned regarding the molecular features of this disease. Findings from several autopsy series have included loss of p53 and PTEN, and amplification of PDGFR. Based on these and other findings, murine models have been generated and provide a new tool for preclinical testing. DIPG biopsy at diagnosis has increasingly become incorporated into national protocols at several centers, bringing the prospect of a better understanding of DIPG biology in the future. Initial analyses of pretreatment tumors cast valuable new light and establish the importance of p53 inactivation and the RTK-PI3K pathway in this disease.
Core Elements of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Their Relevance to the Delivery of High-Quality Cancer Care
Authors: Moy Beverly , Abernethy Amy P. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) contains many provisions that affect cancer care. The provisions of health care reform aim to improve access to quality cancer care, particularly among the most vulnerable Americans. However, health care reform also offers many challenges and opportunities that affect every stakeholder in oncology. This article summarizes the ACA provisions relevant to oncology, discusses the ethical implications for the oncology caregiver, and describes the effects on specific oncology stakeholders.
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology: Update on Objectives and Educational and Research Activities
Authors: Brantnerova Renata , Manchanda Ranjit , Colombo Nicoletta 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) is the principal European society contributing to the study, prevention, and treatment of gynecologic cancers. Founded in 1983, ESGO has more than 1,300 members in more than 40 European countries and worldwide who benefit from ESGO's innovative education and research initiatives and networking opportunities. ESGO objectives have been recently identified through a strategic planning process and include education, care, research, collaboration, awareness, and sustainability. As a leading gynecologic oncology society, ESGO holds biennial meetings where experts meet to discuss latest advances in gynecologic treatment and care. The 17th International Meeting of ESGO (ESGO 17) proved to be a resounding success, with 2,700 delegates and speakers who gathered from around the world in the cultured city of Milan, Italy. The structure of the congress included keynote lectures, debates, state-of-the art sessions, and focused sunrise sessions, together with oral and poster presentations and satellite symposia sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. For the first time, during ESGO 17 the Society organized a seminar for European patient groups with an interest in gynecologic cancers with the aim of facilitating different patientrelated activities across Europe. Moreover, The European Network of Young Gynaecologic Oncologists (ENYGO), the European Network of Gynaecologic Oncology Trial Groups (ENGOT), and the European Network of Translational Research in Gynaecological Oncology (ENTRIGO) had their own section during ESGO 17. ESGO also holds numerous workshops throughout the calendar year and provides clinical and research grants, online educational materials, webcasts, and numerous networking opportunities
Patients with Cancer, Internet Information, and the Clinical Encounter: A Taxonomy of Patient Users
Authors: Helft Paul R. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The Internet has changed all of our lives forever and has certainly changed the way in which patients acquire information, share their stories, find others in similar circumstances, and analyze their medical situations. It is very clear that patients have widely adopted the use of online resources in the face of illness. Access to unfiltered information online clearly has positive and negative potential effects, and the introduction of Internet information into the physician-patient encounter may be managed in more or less productive ways. The means of managing such introductions of information should vary based on physicians' analyses of patients' information preferences and styles and their apparent reactions to the information. Managed well, knowledgeable patients can offer important opportunities of informed and shared decision making.
Drug Development in the Era of Personalized Oncology: From Population-Based Trials to Enrichment and Prescreening Strategies
Authors: Dienstmann Rodrigo , Rodon Jordi , Tabernero Josep 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Recent advances in tumor biology and human genetics along with the development of drugs for specific targets hold promise for an era of personalized oncology treatment. Routine use of modern technologies, such as large-scale genome sequencing, will help to unravel the specific biology of each tumor. Adding a rigorous genomic view could determine key genetic events, critical dependencies, and stratification of patients in early clinical trials. Integrating biomarker development into the early testing of novel agents might provide clinically relevant therapeutic opportunities for patients with advanced-stage cancer and also accelerate the drug-approval process. After recent success stories of therapies targeting driver molecular aberrations in genetically defined tumor subtypes, innovative clinical trials based on a strong biologic hypothesis are expected to bring further excitement to the field. In this article, we describe a new trend in biomarker-driven early drug development using enrichment and prescreening strategies. Technical and logistical obstacles that may hinder progress of this approach will be discussed, along with ethical and economic concerns.
Controversies in Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Johnston Stephen R. 
Published: February 2020

Overview: Adjuvant endocrine therapy for early-stage breast cancer has had the single biggest impact on improving survival from the disease—with tamoxifen alone contributing to saving many thousands of lives. In postmenopausal women, additional progress has been made by the incorporation of aromatase inhibitors into the treatment of early-stage, estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer, as several large well-conducted trials have established either “up-front” or “switch” strategies that are now widely used. To date, both have been shown to be beneficial when compared with tamoxifen alone, although controversy exists as to which approach is superior. Increasingly, extended adjuvant therapy is being considered, as “longer may be better” for some women who have an ongoing risk of recurrence beyond 5 years. However, controversy remains as to how long adjuvant endocrine therapy should be given for; in clinical practice, clinicians balance the level of risk for individual patients versus any ongoing toxicity concerns. For premenopausal women, with ER-positive breast cancer, tamoxifen remains the gold standard with uncertainty in the added overall benefit of ovarian suppression. Important clinical trials have recently been completed that may help answers this question, including whether complete estrogen deprivation using a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist plus aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is of added benefit. In recent years, molecular profiling of ER-positive breast cancer has started to distinguish those women with a low risk of recurrence on endocrine therapy who may not need chemotherapy. Thus, with more therapy options and greater tumour stratification, modern, adjuvant endocrine therapy is becoming increasingly personalised to suit each individual patient's risk.
PI3 Kinase in Cancer: From Biology to Clinic
Authors: Workman Paul , Clarke Paul 
Published: February 2020

Overview: The discovery and clinical development of small-molecule inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) family of lipid kinases have marked a remarkable 20-year journey that follows the progressive developments in cancer biology over the last few decades: from hypothesis-driven, basic cancer research that began with viral oncogenesis and developed in the 1960s and 70s, through the discovery of individual mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in 1970 and 80s and the linkage of these cancer genes to signal transduction pathways in the 1990s, to all large-scale genome-wide sequencing, functional screening, and network biology efforts today. Thus, PI3 kinase research began with the discovery in 1985 of a new type of enzyme activity associated with viral oncogenesis. It benefited greatly from the discovery of wortmannin and LY294002 as PI3 kinase inhibitors and chemical tools in late 1980s to mid-90s. Alongside these tools, genetic validation of PI3 kinase as a target initially involved activation by upstream oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases and RAS mutation, together with overexpression and amplification of the p110α catalytic isoform of PI3 kinase and frequent loss of the tumor suppressor and negative regulator of PI3 kinase activity, PTEN. As PI3 kinase drug development began, further stimulus came from the discovery through genome sequencing of mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes p110α and is the most frequently mutated kinase in the human genome. From these beginnings, there are now many PI3 kinase inhibitors in clinical trials and more in preclinical development. We review progress, current challenges, and future opportunities in this article.
Feasibility analysis of design for remanufacturing in bearing using hybrid fuzzy-topsis and taguchi optimization
Authors: Fegade Vishal , Shrivastava Kshitij , Kale A. V. , Shrivastava R. L. 
Published: February 2020

The tremendous advancement in technology, productivity and improved standard of living has come at the cost of environmental deterioration, increased energy and raw material consumption. In this regard, remanufacturing is viable option to reduce energy usage, carbon footprint and raw material usage. In this manuscript, using computational intelligence techniques we try to determine the feasibility of remanufacturing in case of roller bearings. We collected used N308 bearings from 5 different Indian cities. Using Fuzzy-TOPSIS, we found that the roundness, surface roughness and weight play a vital role in design for remanufacturing of roller bearings. Change in diameter, change in thickness and change in width showed minimal influence. We also used Taguchi analysis to reassess the problem. The roundness of inner and outer race was found to be the most influential parameters in deciding the selection of bearing for remanufacturing. The results suggest the bearing designer to design the bearing in such a way that roundness of both races will be taken cared while manufacturing a bearing. However, using Taguchi the weight of the rollers was found to be of least influence. Overall, the predictions of Taguchi analysis were found to be similar to Fuzzy-TOPSIS analysis.
A allele of ICAM-1 rs5498 and VCAM-1 rs3181092 is correlated with increased risk for periodontal disease
Authors: Sun Qijun , Zhang Zongxin , Ou Yuejian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivePeriodontal disease (PD) is viewed today as multifactorial problems initiated and sustained by bacteria but significantly modified by the body’s response to bacterial plaque. Recent studies have suggested that gene polymorphisms could be involved in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate a possible correlation of the polymorphisms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with PD.MethodsThe genotypes of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were initially determined in PD patients using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). ELISA was then conducted to measure ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels. Next, the association of ICAM-1/VCAM-1 genotype distribution and expression with clinical indicators and severity of PD was analyzed.ResultsPD patients contained increased levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels, and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. The GG genotype and G allele at ICAM-1 rs5498, as well as the AG and GG genotypes and G allele at VCAM-1 rs3181092 may reduce PD risk.ConclusionTo sum up, the overexpressed ICAM-1 and VCA M-1 as well as A allele of ICAM-1 rs5498 and VCAM-1 rs3181092 is associated with the onset of PD.
Clinical reasoning performance assessment: using situated cognition theory as a conceptual framework
Authors: Rencic Joseph , Schuwirth Lambert W.T. , Gruppen Larry D. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Developing valid assessment approaches to clinical reasoning performance has been challenging. Situated cognition theory posits that cognition (e.g. clinical reasoning) emerges from interactions between the clinician and situational (contextual) factors and recognizes an opportunity to gain deeper insights into clinical reasoning performance and its assessment through the study of these interactions. The authors apply situated cognition theory to develop a conceptual model to better understand the assessment of clinical reasoning. The model highlights how the interactions between six contextual factors, including assessee, patient, rater, and environment, assessment method, and task, can impact the outcomes of clinical reasoning performance assessment. Exploring the impact of these interactions can provide insights into the nature of clinical reasoning and its assessment. Three significant implications of this model are: (1) credible clinical reasoning performance assessment requires broad sampling of learners by expert raters in diverse workplace-based contexts; (2) contextual factors should be more explicitly defined and explored; and (3) non-linear statistical models are at times necessary to reveal the complex interactions that can impact clinical reasoning performance assessment.
Hörmander type multiplier theorems on bi-parameter anisotropic Hardy spaces
Authors: Huang Liang , Chen Jiao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to establish, using the bi-parameter Littlewood–Paley–Stein theory (in particular, the bi-parameter Littlewood–Paley–Stein square functions), a Calderón–Torchinsky type theorem for the following Fourier multipliers on anisotropic product Hardy spaces

H
p

⁢

(

ℝ

n
1

×

ℝ

n
2

;

A
→

)

{H^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}};\vec{A})}

(

0
<
p
≤
1

{0<p\leq 1}

):

T
m

⁢
f
⁢

(
x
,
y
)

=

∫

ℝ

n
1

×

ℝ

n
2

m
⁢

(
ξ
,
η
)

⁢

f
^

⁢

(
ξ
,
η
)

⁢

e

2
⁢
π
⁢
i
⁢

(

x
⋅
ξ

+

y
⋅
η

)

⁢

d
⁢
ξ
⁢

d
⁢
η

.

T_{m}f(x,y)=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}}}m(\xi,\eta)\hat{f%
}(\xi,\eta)e^{2\pi i(x\cdot\xi+y\cdot\eta)}\mathop{}\!d\xi\mathop{}\!d\eta.

Our main theorem is the following: Assume that

m
⁢

(
ξ
,
η
)

{m(\xi,\eta)}

is a function on

ℝ

n
1

×

ℝ

n
2

{\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}}}

satisfying

sup

j
,
k

∈
ℤ

⁡

∥

m

j
,
k

∥

W

(

s
1

,

s
2

)

⁢

(

A
→

)

<
∞

\sup_{j,k\in\mathbb{Z}}\lVert m_{j,k}\rVert_{W^{(s_{1},s_{2})}(\vec{A})}<\infty

with

s
1

>

ζ

1
,
-

-
1

⁢

(

1
p

-

1
2

)

{s_{1}>\zeta_{1,-}^{-1}(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{2})}

,

s
2

>

ζ

2
,
-

-
1

⁢

(

1
p

-

1
2

)

{s_{2}>\zeta_{2,-}^{-1}(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{2})}

, where

ζ

1
,
-

{\zeta_{1,-}}

and

ζ

2
,
-

{\zeta_{2,-}}

depend only on the eigenvalues and are defined in the first section.
Then

T
m

{T_{m}}

is bounded from

H
p

⁢

(

ℝ

n
1

×

ℝ

n
2

;

A
→

)

{H^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}};\vec{A})}

to

H
p

⁢

(

ℝ

n
1

×

ℝ

n
2

;

A
→

)

{H^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}};\vec{A})}

for all

0
<
p
≤
1

{0<p\leq 1}

and

∥

T
m

∥

H
p

⁢

(

A
→

)

→

H
p

⁢

(

A
→

)

≤

C

A
→

,

s
1

,

s
2

,
p

⁢

sup

j
,
k

∈
ℤ

⁡

∥

m

j
,
k

∥

W

(

s
1

,

s
2

)

⁢

(

A
→

)

,

\lVert T_{m}\rVert_{H^{p}(\vec{A})\to H^{p}(\vec{A})}\leq C_{{\vec{A},s_{1},s_%
{2},p}}\sup_{j,k\in\mathbb{Z}}\lVert m_{j,k}\rVert_{W^{(s_{1},s_{2})}(\vec{A})},

where

W

(

s
1

,

s
2

)

⁢

(

A
→

)

{W^{(s_{1},s_{2})}(\vec{A})}

is a bi-parameter anisotropic Sobolev space on

ℝ

n
1

×

ℝ

n
2

{\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}\times\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}}}

with

C

A
→

,

s
1

,

s
2

,
p

{C_{{\vec{A},s_{1},s_{2},p}}}

is a positive constant that depends on

A
→

,

s
1

,

s
2

,
p

{\vec{A},s_{1},s_{2},p}

.
Here we use the notations

m

j
,
k

⁢

(
ξ
,
η
)

=

m
⁢

(

A
1

∗
j

⁢
ξ

,

A
2

∗
k

⁢
η

)

⁢

φ

(
1
)

⁢

(
ξ
)

⁢

φ

(
2
)

⁢

(
η
)

{m_{j,k}(\xi,\eta)=m(A_{1}^{\ast j}\xi,A_{2}^{\ast k}\eta)\varphi^{(1)}(\xi)%
\varphi^{(2)}(\eta)}

, where

φ

(
1
)

⁢

(
ξ
)

{\varphi^{(1)}(\xi)}

is a suitable cut-off function on

ℝ

n
1

{\mathbb{R}^{n_{1}}}

and

φ

(
2
)

⁢

(
η
)

{\varphi^{(2)}(\eta)}

is a suitable cut-off function on

ℝ

n
2

{\mathbb{R}^{n_{2}}}

, respectively.
The memory of judgment: The Holocaust, witnesses and mediocrity in William Gass’sMiddle C
Authors: Fang Fan , Gao Zhixiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe memory of judgment and the Holocaust is of great interest in postmodernists’ writings. The relationship between postmodernism and the Holocaust is always paradoxically juxtaposed. William Gass, an American postmodern writer and critic, touches the topic of the Holocaust in his masterpieceMiddle C(2013). Gass tends to trivialize fascism to every man and every ordinary life, to disrespect the “sacred”. The novel has the skill in faking the identity or the details of its putative history. Is the Holocaust a subcategory of war crimes or the inhumanity of genocide? Is there any reliable way of establishing the reality of the Holocaust either through the memory of groups or individuals? Are genocide and occasional or no systematic atrocities the inevitability of a state? In this paper, we tend to explore the collective memory and individual memory of witnesses of the Holocaust presented inMiddle Cand the puzzlement of judgment as a war crime or inhuman genocide, thus arguing the ethos of history and shock of mediocrity in our daily life.
Practical Solutions: Genealogy and the Potential of Public Pedagogy in Poland
Authors: Jurczyk-Romanowska Ewa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the development of genealogy in Poland, indicates its interdisciplinary character, as well as the socio-political context of its development. In particular, the possibility of using the genealogical passion of older people as a motivating factor to undertake education in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) was highlighted. As an example of good practice, the assumptions and preliminary conclusions of the research carried out within the Learning Tree project, which was implemented in Poland, Turkey and Italy, are presented. On the basis of the research it is stated that genealogy can be a factor encouraging the adoption of computer education by seniors, and consequently contribute to reducing the level of digital exclusion of older people by increasing their participation in the information society.
Testing Market Power and Welfare Effects in the US Catfish Industry
Authors: Nguyen Giap V. , Jolly Curtis M. , Nguyen Thong T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An empirical specification of the conjectural variations model, which conforms to microeconomic theory, is estimated for the US catfish industry. We find the existence of market power exerted by US catfish processors. Processors force the price paid to catfish growers down by 52.88 cent per pound of live catfish, which costs US catfish growers about $300 million a year. US catfish growers can deter the negative effects of processors’ market power by increasing their farm supply flexibility. Further studies are needed to address the dynamics and competitive game strategies in the US catfish industry.
Micro-Ring Resonator-Based Sensors for Detection of Different Chemicals
Authors: Bedi Amna , Singh Sonika , Kumar Santosh , Kaushik Brajesh Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The sensing of different liquids is investigated with micro-ring resonator (MRR) sensor by changing refractive index (RI) of chemical solutions. Aniline, carbon disulphide, chlorobenzene, chloroform, ethanol, glycerin, and methanol are detected using the proposed MRR. The developed structures are simulated using finite difference-time domain (FDTD) by using DFT analyzer of optical field. The normalized amplitude vs. wavelength is measured by changing RI of inner ring waveguide that obtain liquid sensor with high sensitivity.