bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retroperitoneal angioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Torres-de la Roche Luz Angela , Devassy Rajesh , Makhlouf Ghaith , San Juan Johannes , Eidswick Jennifer , De Wilde Rudy Leon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRetroperitoneal intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare benign tumor that can spread through veins carrying significant morbidity. The challenge of its management lies within the complexity of completely excising the tumor, which if carried out improperly can result in neurological or vascular complications requiring complex reparative surgeries. Here we present the successful resection of a retroperitoneal angio-leiomyoma by combining laparoscopic route, micro-surgical techniques and modern endoscopic tools.
Feeding ecology of the wolf (Canis lupus) in a near-natural ecosystem in Mongolia
Authors: Tiralla Nina , Holzapfel Maika , Ansorge Hermann 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe increasing animosity towards wolves (Canislupus) by livestock-keeping nomads in Mongolia and the accompanying conflicts highlight the urgent need for knowledge about the feeding behavior of wolves, since information on the feeding ecology of wolves in Mongolia is rare, especially in the mountain taiga and mountain forest steppe regions of Northern Mongolia. Those regions are characterized by a relatively high wildlife diversity and are sparsely populated by humans. To face this problem, 137 wolf scats were collected in the Khentii Mountain range in Northern Mongolia between 2008 and 2012. Almost all wolf faeces contained remnants of wild ungulates, which made up 89% of the consumed biomass. Siberian roe deer (Capreoluspygargus) was the most important and positively selected prey species. It was followed by red deer (Cervuselaphus) and wild boar (Susscrofa), which was negatively selected by wolves. Wolves also fed on buffer prey species such as lagomorphs and small mammals. No evidence of domestic ungulates was found in the wolf diet. Thus, near-natural habitats with a diverse fauna of wild animals are important to limit livestock depredation.
When Is Company Unwelcome?
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn a recent paper in this journal, Joshua Blanchard has identified a novel problem: the problem of unwelcome epistemic company. We find ourselves in unwelcome epistemic company when we hold a belief that is also held mainly or most prominently by those we regard as morally or epistemically bad. Blanchard argues that some, but not all, unwelcome epistemic company provides higher-order evidence against our belief. But he doesn't provide a test for when company is unwelcome or a diagnosis of why it is unwelcome. I provide both. On my disjunctive test, unwelcome epistemic company provides us with a defeater when either there is a match between the content of the belief and the properties that make our company unwelcome, or there is reason to suspect that the belief arose via a shared, unreliable, causal process.
Utilization of the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship (SHARPS) Collaborative electronic mailing list (listserv) by healthcare professionals
Authors: McPherson Christopher C. , Vesoulis Zachary A. , Metjian Talene A. , Grabic Mirela , Reyes Summer , Reyes Sydney , Krucylak Christina , Terrill Cindy , Newland Jason G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOptimizing pediatric antimicrobial stewardship is challenging. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 515 original e-mails to 482 members of the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship (SHARPS) Collaborative electronic mailing list (idlistserv@kids.wustl.edu). The plurality of threads discussed clinical practice guidelines, and pharmacists were most likely to initiate and respond. Representation was geographically diverse within and outside the United States.
Probable deinonychosaur tracks from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Enriquez Nathan J. , Campione Nicolás E. , Sullivan Corwin , Vavrek Matthew , Sissons Robin L. , White Matt A. , Bell Phil R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLate Cretaceous tracks attributable to deinonychosaurs in North America are rare, with only one occurrence ofMenglongipusfrom Alaska and two possible, but indeterminate, occurrences reported from Mexico. Here we describe the first probable deinonychosaur tracks from Canada: a possible trackway and one isolated track on a single horizon from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) near Grande Prairie in Alberta. The presence of a relatively short digit IV differentiates these from argued dromaeosaurid tracks, suggesting the trackmaker was more likely a troodontid. Other noted characteristics of the Wapiti specimens include a rounded heel margin, the absence of a digit II proximal pad impression, and a broad, elliptical digit III. Monodactyl tracks occur in association with the didactyl tracks, mirroring similar discoveries from the Early Cretaceous Epoch of China, providing additional support for their interpretation as deinonychosaurian traces. Although we refrain from assigning the new Wapiti specimens to any ichnotaxon because of their relatively poor undertrack preservation, this discovery is an important addition to the deinonychosaur track record; it helps to fill a poorly represented geographic and temporal window in their known distribution, and demonstrates the presence of a greater North American deinonychosaur ichnodiversity than has previously been recognized.
On the oxygenation of the Archaean and Proterozoic oceans
Authors: Banerjee Amlan , Słowakiewicz Mirosław , Saha Dilip 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModern-day ocean circulation behaves as a complex forced convective system that is characterized by the decrease in water temperature but increase in water density with depth. The dissolved oxygen content – which initially decreases due to biological oxygen demand – also increases with depth. In contrast to the present-day scenario, we propose that during the Archaean and Proterozoic eons inverted profiles could have developed such that, with depth, ocean water temperature increased and density and dissolved oxygen decreased. These inverted temperature and density profiles resulted in palaeo-ocean circulation behaving as a free convective system. It is proposed that this free convection, which may have been stable, or chaotic and subject to secondary instabilities, hindered the deep oxygenation of the palaeo-ocean. It may not be coincidental that the great oxygenation event (GOE) and Huronian glaciations are contemporaneous, in a similar way that the Neoproterozoic oxygenation event (NOE) is known to have been associated with glaciations. The global-scale external forcing required to switch the natural convective system to its present-day configuration is suggested to have been associated with Neoproterozoic glaciations and the subsequent lowering of ocean water salinity that accompanied them. We propose that this inverted the ocean water density gradient, allowing the oxygenation of the oceans for the first time. It is beyond the scope of this work to model the complex natural convection system, but we hope that geophysicists and numerical modellers will quantitatively evaluate the hypothesis proposed here to validate or refute our proposition.
Is Catholic faith worth having?
Authors: STACEY GREGORY R. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article defends the claim that firm belief in divine testimony (‘Catholic Faith’) is morally valuable, if the broad claims of Christian orthodoxy hold. I discuss Jonathan Kvanvig's recent argument that Christians should not hold that salvific faith necessarily involves belief in revelation or God's existence, because such faith is not much ‘worth having’, suggesting that this argument is dubious from Catholic and Protestant theological perspectives. I then examine some extant accounts of Catholic Faith's value, conceding that Kvanvig successfully highlights their flaws. I therefore offer a novel explanation of Catholic Faith's value, drawing on Miranda Fricker's account of testimonial justice.
Organic food consumption is associated with inflammatory biomarkers among older adults
Authors: Ludwig-Borycz Elizabeth , Guyer Heidi M , Aljahdali Abeer A , Baylin Ana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:The association between organic food consumption and biomarkers of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and cystatin C (CysC) was explored in this cross-sectional analysis of older adults.Design:Dietary data and organic food consumption was collected in 2013 from a FFQ. Alternative Mediterranean diet score (A-MedDiet) was calculated as a measure of healthy eating. Biomarkers CRP and CysC were collected in serum or plasma in 2016. We used linear regression models to assess the associations between organic food consumption and CRP and CysC.Setting:This cross-sectional analysis uses data from the nationally representative, longitudinal panel study of Americans over 50, the Health and Retirement Study.Participants:The mean age of the analytic sample (n 3815) was 64·3 (se 0·3) years with 54·4 % being female.Results:Log CRP and log CysC were inversely associated with consuming organic food after adjusting for potential confounders (CRP: β = –0·096, 95 % CI 0·159, –0·033; CysC: β = –0·033, 95 % CI –0·051, –0·015). Log CRP maintained statistical significance (β = –0·080; 95 % CI –0·144, –0·016) after additional adjustments for the A-MedDiet, while log CysC lost statistical significance (β = –0·019; 95 % CI –0·039, 0·000). The association between organic food consumption and log CRP was driven primarily by milk, fruit, vegetables and cereals, while log CysC was primarily driven by milk, eggs and meat after adjustments for A-MedDiet.Conclusions:These findings support the hypothesis that organic food consumption is inversely associated with biomarkers of inflammation CRP and CysC, although residual confounding by healthy eating and socioeconomic status cannot be ruled out.
Social media analytics in nutrition research: a rapid review of current usage in investigation of dietary behaviours
Authors: Stirling Emma , Willcox Jane , Ong Kok-Leong , Forsyth Adrienne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:Social media analytics (SMA) has a track record in business research. The utilisation in nutrition research is unknown, despite social media being populated with real-time eating behaviours. This rapid review aimed to explore the use of SMA in nutrition research with the investigation of dietary behaviours.Design:The review was conducted according to rapid review guidelines by WHO and the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools. Five databases of peer-reviewed, English language studies were searched using the keywords ‘social media’ in combination with ‘data analytics’ and ‘food’ or ‘nutrition’ and screened for those with general population health using SMA on public domain, social media data between 2014 and 2020.Results:The review identified 34 studies involving SMA in the investigation of dietary behaviours. Nutrition topics included population nutrition health investigations, alcohol consumption, dieting and eating out of the home behaviours. All studies involved content analysis with evidence of surveillance and engagement. Twitter was predominant with data sets in tens of millions. SMA tools were observed in data discovery, collection and preparation, but less so in data analysis. Approximately, a third of the studies involved interdisciplinary collaborations with health representation and only two studies involved nutrition disciplines. Less than a quarter of studies obtained formal human ethics approval.Conclusions:SMA in nutrition research with the investigation of dietary behaviours is emerging, nevertheless, if consideration is taken with technological capabilities and ethical integrity, the future shows promise at a broad population census level and as a scoping tool or complementary, triangulation instrument.
Scandal, Hypocrisy, and Resignation: How Partisanship Shapes Evaluations of Politicians’ Transgressions
Authors: Wolsky Adam D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypocrisy is a common feature of political scandal. Yet, it is unclear how individuals evaluate hypocritical misconduct differently based on a transgressing politician’s partisan identity. Using survey experiments, this article assesses how exposure to different frames of wrong doing involving actual members of congress spill over on to the evaluation of parties distinctly among co-partisans and out-partisans. I find that Republicans feel more positive towards their party after reading about the resignation of a hypocritical co-partisan politician compared to merely reading about the politician’s hypocrisy. In addition, Republicans feel warmer about their party when reading about a hypocritical versus non-hypocritical out-party transgression. However, Democrats do not change their party evaluations after being exposed to different scandal frames involving co-partisan and out-partisan politicians. This suggests that Republicans and Democrats have different attitudes towards hypocrisy and/or differently apply information about individuals when evaluating parties.
Spatial Clustering of Aftershocks Impacts the Performance of Physics‐Based Earthquake Forecasting Models
Authors: Hardebeck Jeanne L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractI explore why physics‐based models of earthquake triggering rarely outperform statistical models in prospective testing, outside of limited spatial‐temporal windows. Pseudo‐prospective tests on suites of synthetic aftershock sequences show that a major factor is the level of unmodeled spatial clustering of the direct aftershocks triggered by the mainshock. The synthetic sequences are generated from generalized “physical” triggering models, optionally superimposed on background heterogeneity that controls the level of clustering. The statistical Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model performs relatively better the more clustered the direct aftershocks, while the true generalized “physical” model performs relatively worse. Real aftershocks appear to be sufficiently clustered to allow ETAS to perform as well as or better than physical models such as Coulomb stress triggering. A likely cause of the spatial clustering of direct aftershocks is heterogeneity of the background physical conditions, which typically is not modeled in physics‐based forecasts. This implies that the forecast performance of physical models could be substantially improved through a better understanding of the interaction between earthquake stress changes and variable background physical conditions such as stress state, fault strength, and fluid pressure.
Time‐Varying Sensitivity Analysis Reveals Relationships Between Watershed Climate and Variations in Annual Parameter Importance in Regions With Strong Interannual Variability
Authors: Basijokaite R. , Kelleher C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClimate change impacts on hydroclimatology are becoming increasingly apparent around the world. It is unknown how annual variations in precipitation and air temperature alter the model‐inferred importance of hydrological processes and how this varies across watersheds. To examine this, we used parsimonious rainfall‐runoff model and applied time‐varying sensitivity analysis across 30 Californian watersheds for a 33‐year period (1981–2014). We calculated annual total order sensitivity indices for five performance metrics: Kling‐Gupta Efficiency (KGE) and model error in simulating hydrologic signatures (runoff ratio, slope of flow duration curve, baseflow index, and timing of streamflow centroid). Sensitivity of hydrological signatures to the parameters differed by signature, while parameter importance with respect to KGE was much more spatially and temporally variable. Variations in parameter sensitivity with respect to KGE were either correlated with air temperature (snow‐dominated sites in the Sierra Nevada) or precipitation (lower elevation sites < 1,300 m). Across error metrics and signatures, parameter sensitivity strongly differed between wet and dry years for a subset of our study sites. While parameter importance varied through time, parameter sensitivity variations across watersheds were much more pronounced. This suggests that parameter controls on model performance are much more a reflection of watershed properties as opposed to being dominantly shaped by shifts in precipitation and air temperature. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding simulated watershed responses to fluctuating annual conditions, as this conceptual knowledge is necessary to anticipate similarities and differences in response across even relatively proximal watersheds in the face of growing extreme conditions.
High-density Néel-type magnetic skyrmion phase stabilized at high temperature
Authors: Kwon Hee Young , Song Kyung Mee , Jeong Juyoung , Lee Ah-Yeon , Park Seung-Young , Kim Jeehoon , Won Changyeon , Min Byoung-Chul , Chang Hye Jung , Choi Jun Woo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe discovery of a thermally stable, high-density magnetic skyrmion phase is a key prerequisite for realizing practical skyrmionic memory devices. In contrast to the typical low-density Néel-type skyrmions observed in technologically viable multilayer systems, with Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, we report the discovery of a high-density homochiral Néel-type skyrmion phase in magnetic multilayer structures that is stable at high temperatures up to 733 K (≈460 °C). Micromagnetic simulations reveal that a high-density skyrmion phase can be stabilized at high temperature by deliberately tuning the magnetic anisotropy, magnetic field, and temperature. The existence of the high-density skyrmion phase in a magnetic multilayer system raises the possibility of incorporating chiral Néel-type skyrmions in ultrahigh-density spin memory devices. Moreover, the existence of this phase at high temperature shows its thermal stability, demonstrating the potential for skyrmion devices operating in thermally challenging modern electronic chips.
Insights into the electrochemical degradation of phenolic lignin model compounds in a protic ionic liquid–water system
Authors: Liu Guangyong , Wang Qian , Yan Dongxia , Zhang Yaqin , Wang Chenlu , Liang Shijing , Jiang Lilong , He Hongyan 
Published: December 2020

Electrochemical degradation mechanism of phenolic lignin model compounds with typical Caryl–O bond in a protic IL-water system is clarified, including direct oxidation of substrates at the electrode and indirect oxidation by in situ generated H2O2.
A 3-min All-out Upper-body Ergometer Test For Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup , Aragón-Vela Jerónimo , Bonne Thomas , Mohr Magni 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe examined the application of a land-based swimming ergometer 3-min all-out test to determine physiological predictors of swimming performance. Fourteen young elite swimmers participated (males: n=6; females: n=8). The swimmers completed two 3-min upper-body all-out tests on a swimming ergometer. Additionally, the swimmers completed freestyle swim races ranging from 50 m to 1500 m. High test-retest reproducibility (r=0.98 and coefficient of variation values <7.5%) was evident for ergometer derived peak, mean and critical power. Very strong correlations (r>0.87, p<0.001) were obtained between the 200-, 400-, 800- and 1500-m swimming performances and derived critical speed. Moreover, correlations were found between peak force and peak power and 50-m performance, in addition to critical power and performance for all distances. The critical speed was the dominant predictor of 200- to 1500-m performances (r=0.84−0.99). In conclusion, the land-based 3-min all-out swimming ergometer test is reliable and valid in predicting swimming performance in competitive swimmers and evaluates important physiological components in swimmers independent of technical abilities.
Mechanisms of Bone Remodeling Disorder in Hemophilia
Authors: Wang Hanshi , Bai Xizhuang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHemophilia is caused by a lack of antihemophilic factor(s), for example, factor VIII (FVIII; hemophilia A) and factor IX (FIX; hemophilia B). Low bone mass is widely reported in epidemiological studies of hemophilia, and patients with hemophilia are at an increased risk of fracture. The detailed etiology of bone homeostasis imbalance in hemophilia is unclear. Clinical and experimental studies show that FVIII and FIX are involved in bone remodeling. However, it is likely that antihemophilic factors affect bone biology through thrombin pathways rather than via their own intrinsic properties. In addition, among patients with hemophilia, there are pathophysiological processes in several systems that might contribute to bone loss. This review summarizes studies on the association between hemophilia and bone remodeling, and might shed light on the challenges facing the care and prevention of osteoporosis and fracture in patients with hemophilia.
Clinical Decision Support System with Renal Dose Adjustment Did Not Improve Subsequent Renal and Hepatic Function among Inpatients: The Japan Adverse Drug Event Study
Authors: Wada Ryuhei , Takeuchi Jiro , Nakamura Tsukasa , Sonoyama Tomohiro , Kosaka Shinji , Matsumoto Chisa , Sakuma Mio , Ohta Yoshinori , Morimoto Takeshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Medication dose adjustment is crucial for patients with renal dysfunction (RD). The assessment of renal function is generally mandatory; however, the renal function may change during the hospital stay and the manual assessment is sometimes challenging.
Objective We developed the clinical decision support system (CDSS) that provided a recommended dose based on automated calculated renal function.
Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study in a single teaching hospital in Japan. All hospitalized patients were included except for obstetrics/gynecology and pediatric wards between September 2013 and February 2015. The CDSS was implemented on December 2013. Renal and hepatic dysfunction (HD) were defined as changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase levels based on these measurements during hospital stay. These measurements were obtained before (phase I), after (phase II), and 1 year after (phase III) the CDSS implementation.
Results We included 6,767 patients (phase I: 2,205; phase II: 2,279; phase III: 2,283). The patients' characteristics were similar among phases. Changes in eGFR were similar among phases, but the incidence of RD increased in phase III (phase I: 228 [10.3%]; phase II: 260 [11.4%]; phase III: 296 [13.0%], p = 0.02). However, the differences in incidences of RD were not statistically significant after adjusting for eGFR at baseline and age. The incidences of HD were also similar among phases (phase I: 175 [13.2%]; phase II: 171 [12.9%]; phase III: 167 [12.2%], p = 0.72).
Conclusion The CDSS implementation did not affect the incidence of renal and HD and changes in renal and hepatic function among hospitalized patients. The effectiveness of the CDSS with renal-guided doses should be investigated with respect to other endpoints.