bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dazomet application suppressed watermelon wilt by the altered soil microbial community
Authors: Zhu Feiying , Xiao Jiling , Zhang Yi , Wei Lin , Liang Zhihuai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFusarium wilt disease causes severe decline of watermelon yield and quality. Researches have been reported that soil fumigation with dazomet can help control crop disease. Firstly, we discovered that the dazomet application suppressed watermelon wilt in field experiment compared to the control group. While the importance of microbial community in regulating plant health has been rising up, we therefore focused on examining the soil microbial diversity at six different sampling times after dazomet application by using Illumina MiSeq platform. Remarkably, our research results showed that some beneficial microbial genera have been altered, and these beneficial microbial genera have dominated the entire community, such as Nitrolancea, Pseudomonas and Penicillium after dazomet application. Instead, the relative abundance of Fusarium genus and the pathogen FON (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, FON) had the decreased. As there was a significant accumulation of AP (available soil phosphorus) after dazomet application, we noticed that the beneficial microbes as Bacillus, Nitrolancea, Paenibacillus and Penicillium have significant positive correlation with AP but negatively related to morbidity. Together, these results demonstrate that the altered soil microbial community structure by dazomet application is critical to suppress watermelon Fusarium wilt. Thus, our results will drive investigations aimed to deploy interaction of microbiota contribute and plant immunity.
Multiple scattering effects on intercept, size, polydispersity index, and intensity for parallel (VV) and perpendicular (VH) polarization detection in photon correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Ragheb Ragy , Nobbmann Ulf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDynamic light scattering (DLS) is well established for rapid size, polydispersity, and size distribution determination of colloidal samples. While there are limitations in size range, resolution, and concentration, the technique has found ubiquitous applications from molecules to particles. With the ease of use of today’s commercial DLS instrumentation comes an inherent danger of misinterpretation or misapplication at the borderlines of suitability. In this paper, we show how comparison of different polarization components can help ascertain the presence of unwanted multiple scattering, which can lead to false conclusions about a sample’s mean size and polydispersity. We find that the contribution of multiple scattering events effectively reduces both the measured scattering intensity and the apparent size from the autocorrelation function. The intercept of the correlation function may serve as an indicator of relative strength of single to multiple scattering. Furthermore, the abundance of single scattering events at measurement positions close to the cell wall results in an apparent increase in uniformity yielding a lower polydispersity index which is more representative of the physical system.
Comparative thermal research on tetraazapentalene-derived heat-resistant energetic structures
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ding Li , Zhu Yong , Wang Bozhou , Li Xiangzhi , Zhang Junlin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOrganic inner salt structures are ideal backbones for heat-resistant energetic materials and systematic studies towards the thermal properties of energetic organic inner salt structures are crucial to their applications. Herein, we report a comparative thermal research of two energetic organic inner salts with different tetraazapentalene backbones. Detailed thermal decomposition behaviors and kinetics were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TG) methods, showing that the thermal stability of the inner salts is higher than most of the traditional heat-resistant energetic materials. Further studies towards the thermal decomposition mechanism were carried out through condensed-phase thermolysis/Fourier-transform infrared (in-situ FTIR) spectroscopy and the combination of differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DSC-TG-MS-FTIR) techniques. The experiment and calculation results prove that the arrangement of the inner salt backbones has great influence on the thermal decompositions of the corresponding energetic materials. The weak N4-N5 bond in “y-” pattern tetraazapentalene backbone lead to early decomposition process and the “z-” pattern tetraazapentalene backbone exhibits more concentrated decomposition behaviors.
Microbiome dysbiosis in lung cancer: from composition to therapy
Authors: Liu Ning-Ning , Ma Qiang , Ge Yang , Yi Cheng-Xiang , Wei Lu-Qi , Tan Jing-Cong , Chu Qiao , Li Jing-Quan , Zhang Peng , Wang Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe correlations between microbiota dysbiosis and cancer have gained extensive attention and been widely explored. As a leading cancer diagnosis worldwide, lung cancer poses a great threat to human health. The healthy human lungs are consistently exposed to external environment and harbor a specific pattern of microbiota, sharing many key pathological and physiological characteristics with the intestinal tract. Although previous findings uncovered the critical roles of microbiota in tumorigenesis and response to anticancer therapy, most of them were focused on the intestinal microbiota rather than lung microbiota. Notably, the considerable functions of microbiota in maintaining lung homeostasis should not be neglected as the microbiome dysbiosis may promote tumor development and progression through production of cytokines and toxins and multiple other pathways. Despite the fact that increasing studies have revealed the effect of microbiome on the induction of lung cancer and different disease status, the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies remained unclear. Herein, we summarized the recent progresses about microbiome in lung cancer and further discussed the role of microbial communities in promoting lung cancer progression and the current status of therapeutic approaches targeting microbiome to alleviate and even cure lung cancer.
Phosphatidylinositol synthesis, its selective salvage, and inter-regulation of anionic phospholipids in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Ren Bingjian , Kong Pengfei , Hedar Fatima , Brouwers Jos F. , Gupta Nishith 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) serves as an integral component of eukaryotic membranes; however, its biosynthesis in apicomplexan parasites remains poorly understood. Here we show that Toxoplasma gondii—a common intracellular pathogen of humans and animals—can import and co-utilize myo-inositol with the endogenous CDP-diacylglycerol to synthesize PtdIns. Equally, the parasite harbors a functional PtdIns synthase (PIS) containing a catalytically-vital CDP-diacylglycerol phosphotransferase motif in the Golgi apparatus. Auxin-induced depletion of PIS abrogated the lytic cycle of T. gondii in human cells due to defects in cell division, gliding motility, invasion, and egress. Isotope labeling of the PIS mutant in conjunction with lipidomics demonstrated de novo synthesis of specific PtdIns species, while revealing the salvage of other lipid species from the host cell. Not least, the mutant showed decline in phosphatidylthreonine, and elevation of selected phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol species, indicating a rerouting of CDP-diacylglycerol and homeostatic inter-regulation of anionic phospholipids upon knockdown of PIS. In conclusion, strategic allocation of own and host-derived PtdIns species to gratify its metabolic demand features as a notable adaptive trait of T. gondii. Conceivably, the dependence of T. gondii on de novo lipid synthesis and scavenging can be exploited to develop new anti-infectives.
Identification of MLH2/hPMS1 dominant mutations that prevent DNA mismatch repair function
Authors: Reyes Gloria X. , Zhao Boyu , Schmidt Tobias T. , Gries Kerstin , Kloor Matthias , Hombauer Hans 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInactivating mutations affecting key mismatch repair (MMR) components lead to microsatellite instability (MSI) and cancer. However, a number of patients with MSI-tumors do not present alterations in classical MMR genes. Here we discovered that specific missense mutations in the MutL homolog MLH2, which is dispensable for MMR, confer a dominant mutator phenotype in S. cerevisiae. MLH2 mutations elevated frameshift mutation rates, and caused accumulation of long-lasting nuclear MMR foci. Both aspects of this phenotype were suppressed by mutations predicted to prevent the binding of Mlh2 to DNA. Genetic analysis revealed that mlh2 dominant mutations interfere with both Exonuclease 1 (Exo1)-dependent and Exo1-independent MMR. Lastly, we demonstrate that a homolog mutation in human hPMS1 results in a dominant mutator phenotype. Our data support a model in which yeast Mlh1-Mlh2 or hMLH1-hPMS1 mutant complexes act as roadblocks on DNA preventing MMR, unraveling a novel mechanism that can account for MSI in human cancer.
Substrate-binding destabilizes the hydrophobic cluster to relieve the autoinhibition of bacterial ubiquitin ligase IpaH9.8
Authors: Ye Yuxin , Xiong Yuxian , Huang Hao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIpaH enzymes are bacterial E3 ligases targeting host proteins for ubiquitylation. Two autoinhibition modes of IpaH enzymes have been proposed based on the relative positioning of the Leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR) with respect to the NEL domain. In mode 1, substrate-binding competitively displaces the interactions between theLRR and NEL to relieve autoinhibition. However, the molecular basis for mode 2 is unclear. Here, we present the crystal structures of Shigella IpaH9.8 and the LRR of IpaH9.8 in complex with the substrate of human guanylate-binding protein 1 (hGBP1). A hydrophobic cluster in the C-terminus of IpaH9.8LRR forms a hydrophobic pocket involved in binding the NEL domain, and the binding is important for IpaH9.8 autoinhibition. Substrate-binding destabilizes the hydrophobic cluster by inducing conformational changes of IpaH9.8LRR. Arg166 and Phe187 in IpaH9.8LRR function as sensors for substrate-binding. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms for the actication of IpaH9.8 in autoinhibition mode 2.
Temperature dependence of adsorption hysteresis in flexible metal organic frameworks
Authors: Rahman Shamsur , Arami-Niya Arash , Yang Xiaoxian , Xiao Gongkui , Li Gang , May Eric F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract“Breathing” and “gating” are striking phenomena exhibited by flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in which their pore structures transform upon external stimuli. These effects are often associated with eminent steps and hysteresis in sorption isotherms. Despite significant mechanistic studies, the accurate description of stepped isotherms and hysteresis remains a barrier to the promised applications of flexible MOFs in molecular sieving, storage and sensing. Here, we investigate the temperature dependence of structural transformations in three flexible MOFs and present a new isotherm model to consistently analyse the transition pressures and step widths. The transition pressure reduces exponentially with decreasing temperature as does the degree of hysteresis (c.f. capillary condensation). The MOF structural transition enthalpies range from +6 to +31 kJ·mol−1 revealing that the adsorption-triggered transition is entropically driven. Pressure swing adsorption process simulations based on flexible MOFs that utilise the model reveal how isotherm hysteresis can affect separation performance.
Two homochiral EuIII and SmIII enantiomeric pairs showing circularly polarized luminescence, photoluminescence and triboluminescence
Authors: Cui Minghui , Wang Ai-Ling , Gao Cong-Li , Zhou Liming , Wu Tao , Fang Shaoming , Xiao Hong-Ping , Li Feng-Cai , Li Xi-Li 
Published: December 2020

Homochiral EuIII and SmIII complexes provide an extraordinary example that integrates PL, TL and CPL photofunctions in one molecule.
Transition-metal-free synthesis of thiazolidin-2-ones and 1,3-thiazinan-2-ones from arylamines, elemental sulfur and CO2
Authors: Ran Chuan-Kun , Song Lei , Niu Ya-Nan , Wei Ming-Kai , Zhang Zhen , Zhou Xiao-Yu , Yu Da-Gang 
Published: December 2020

A multi-component reaction of arylamines, elemental sulfur and CO2 (1 atm) is reported to generate valuable thiazolidin-2-ones and 1,3-thiazinan-2-ones in moderate to good yields under transition-metal-free reaction conditions.
Value of the cell cycle arrest biomarkers in the diagnosis of pregnancy-related acute kidney injury
Authors: El Minshawy Osama , Khedr Mahmoud Hassan Sayed , Youssuf Ayman Moheb , Abo Elela Mostafa , Kamel Fatma Mohamed Mohamed , Keryakos Hesham Kamal Habeeb 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) is still a common serious problem in developing countries. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) can identify critically ill patients at risk for the development of severe AKI. Aim: To identify main causes and timing of PRAKI and to study the G1 cell cycle arrest biomarkers in cases diagnosed with (PRAKI) as a diagnostic tool. Methods: 80 pregnant women diagnosed with PRAKI were recruited from a single hospital as well as 30 age-matched pregnant women with normal pregnancy participated in the present study. A urine specimen was collected from all study participants with established AKI within 24 h of ICU admission to measure [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7]. Results: The incidence of PRAKI was 1.1%. The most common cause of PRAKI is pre-eclampsia/eclampsia spectrum (61%). Most of the cases occur in the third trimester (60%) and postpartum period (23%). At a cutoff 0.33 ng/ml, the estimated sensitivity and specificity of urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] in predicting PRAKI is 100% (95% CI) with NPV and PPV are 100%. Conclusion: Urinary [TIMP-2]*[IGFBP7] serves as a sensitive and specific biomarker in the diagnosis of PRAKI.
Nanopores: a versatile tool to study protein dynamics
Authors: Schmid Sonja , Dekker Cees 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Proteins are the active workhorses in our body. These biomolecules perform all vital cellular functions from DNA replication and general biosynthesis to metabolic signaling and environmental sensing. While static 3D structures are now readily available, observing the functional cycle of proteins – involving conformational changes and interactions – remains very challenging, e.g., due to ensemble averaging. However, time-resolved information is crucial to gain a mechanistic understanding of protein function. Single-molecule techniques such as FRET and force spectroscopies provide answers but can be limited by the required labelling, a narrow time bandwidth, and more. Here, we describe electrical nanopore detection as a tool for probing protein dynamics. With a time bandwidth ranging from microseconds to hours, nanopore experiments cover an exceptionally wide range of timescales that is very relevant for protein function. First, we discuss the working principle of label-free nanopore experiments, various pore designs, instrumentation, and the characteristics of nanopore signals. In the second part, we review a few nanopore experiments that solved research questions in protein science, and we compare nanopores to other single-molecule techniques. We hope to make electrical nanopore sensing more accessible to the biochemical community, and to inspire new creative solutions to resolve a variety of protein dynamics – one molecule at a time.
Performance analysis of M‐ary OQAM/FBMC with impact of nonlinear distortion over compound Rician K‐factor unshadowed/κ−μ shadowed fad ing channels
Authors: Al‐Rubaye Ghanim A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the bit error rate (BER) analyses of M‐ary offset QAM for filter bank‐based multicarrier (M‐ary OQAM/FBMC) contaminated by nonlinear distortion (NLD) are investigated over different channel scenarios, such as unshadowed line‐of‐sight (LOS) Rician K‐factor (RK‐f) fading channel, non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) shadowed fading model and compound unshadowed/shadowed fading model. NLDs produced by high power amplifier (HPA) play the main role in the degradation of the BER in multicarrier communication systems over fading channels. Therefore, the complex Gaussian noise and the complex NLD are modelled as an independent parameter by using Bussgang's theorem. In this work, closed‐form of BER, ergodic capacity, outage probability and outage capacity probability expressions for the M‐ary OQAM/FBMC system over different unshadowed/shadowed fading channel scenarios and environments with amplitude (AM) and phase (PM) distortion induced by the HPA have been theoretically derived as general expressions without numerical integration method. Extensive Monte‐Carlo simulation results demonstrate a closed agreement with all analytical derived expressions.
Fixed‐time stability of stochastic nonlinear systems and its application into stochastic multi‐agent systems
Authors: Yu Jiaju , Yu Shuanghe , Yan Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe paper devotes to study fixed‐time stability of stochastic nonlinear systems and fixed‐time consensus of stochastic multi‐agent systems (SMASs). Firstly, a new fixed‐time stability theorem is established and a high‐precise estimation of settling time is provided. Secondly, as an application, the fixed‐time consensus problem of SMASs is discussed in virtue of the established theorem. A new class of fixed‐time nonlinear consensus protocols with stochastic perturbation is designed by employing the neighbour's information. Based on graph theory, matrix theory and fixed‐time stability theorem, we prove that fixed‐time consensus of SMASs is achieved under the designed protocol. Moreover, some sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee fixed‐time consensus of SMAS. It is shown that the settling time is not only independent of the initial conditions, but also it has higher precise. In the end, three numerical examples are provided to illustrate correctness of our theoretical results.
Optimal feedback path selection for interconnected power systems using load frequency control strategy
Authors: Chowdhury A. Hasib , Rahman Md Mijanur , Hossain Md Alamgir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main goal of an interconnected power system is to transfer power from one area to another while the network frequency and tie‐line flow remain within the prescribed limits. However, both of these quantities may violate their desired values during this transfer due to disturbances in the network. This paper proposes a stratagem for choosing the right feedback path for an interconnected power system to maintain the system frequency and tie‐line flows within the prescribed limits while external disturbances exist. Area control error (ACE), a combination of frequency error and tie‐flow deviations, is used as the performance indicator. In the proposed approach, feedback control is designed using active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) based load frequency control to tackle ACE. It is observed that the individual load change monitoring is sufficient for selecting the right feedback paths rather than the consideration of simultaneous load changes of all load centres. The effectiveness of the proposed controller for selecting the feedback paths has been tested by conducting several case studies. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller can reduce transient magnitude around 57% for ACE, 55% for frequency error and 72% for tie‐line error as compared to the PID controller.
A simple gated recurrent network for detection of power quality disturbances
Authors: Zu Xiangrong , Wei Kai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a new concise deep learning–based sequence model to detect the power quality disturbances (PQD), which only uses original signals and does not require pre‐processing and complex artificial feature extraction process. A simple gated recurrent network (SGRN) with a new recurrent cell structure is developed, which consists of only two gates: forget gate and input gate, and two weight matrices. Compared with the standard Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model, the training process of the proposed method is more stable and the prediction accuracy is higher. In addition, this special structure retains basic non‐linearity and long‐term memory, while enabling the simple gated recurrent network model to be superior to Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) Network and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) Network in terms of the number of parameters (i.e. memory cost) and detection speed. In the light of the experimental results, the simple gated recurrent network algorithm can achieve 99.07% detection accuracy, and contains only 18,959 parameters, which indicates that our proposed method is easier to deploy in resource‐constrained internet of things (IoT) micro‐controllers.
Characteristics of lightning‐induced voltages based on experimental data
Authors: Santos Michele N. N. , Piantini Alexandre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of 64 lightning‐induced voltage waveforms recorded in an experimental system implemented in the campus of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. The voltages were measured on a 10 m high, 2.7 km long un‐energized overhead line consisting of two conductors installed on 6 m crossarms. One of the conductors had surge arresters, while the other one was left unprotected. Strictly speaking, all the recorded voltages on the unprotected conductor were bipolar, but in many cases only one semi‐cycle could be considered important for practical purposes. Different criteria are discussed for the determination of the waveshape parameters, which may differ significantly from those of the standard lightning impulse voltage (1.2/50 μs). Based on the proposed criterion for classifying the induced voltages, unipolar waveforms accounted for 67% of the total and, except for one case, all of them had positive polarity. The median values of the front time and time‐to‐half‐value were, respectively, 5.2 μs and 15.8 μs. Bipolar waveforms were 33% of the total and in approximately 62% of the cases the first semi‐cycle was of positive polarity. In 91% of the cases the voltage peak occurred either in the first or the second semi‐cycle.
Analytical model for the transient permittivity of uncured TiO2 whisker/liquid silicone rubber composites under an AC electric field
Authors: Shen Zikui , Xin Zhenyu , Wang Xilin , Wei Xinyu , Jia Zhidong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe electric field grading of dielectric permittivity gradient devices is an effective way of enhancing their insulation properties. The in situ electric field‐driven assembly is an advanced method for the fabrication of insulation devices with adaptive permittivity gradients; however, there is no theoretical guidance for design. In this study, an analytical model with a time constant is developed to determine the transient permittivity of uncured composites under an applied AC electric field. This model is based on optical image and dielectric permittivity monitoring, which avoids the direct processing of complex electrodynamics. For a composite with given components, the increased filler content and electric field strength can accelerate the transient process. Compared with the finite element method based on differential equations, this statistical model is simple but efficient, and can be applied to any low‐viscosity uncured composites, which may contain multiple fillers. More importantly, when a voltage is applied to an uncured composite insulating device, the proposed model can be used to analyse the spatiotemporal permittivity characteristics of this device and optimise its permittivity gradient for electric field grading.