bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lesão de ombro após a vacinação: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cagle Paul J. 
Published: December 2020

ResumoAs reações adversas às injeções de vacina tendem a ser brandas e são incrivelmente raras. No entanto, vários casos de eventos em ombros, como bursite, dor generalizada ou diminuição da amplitude de movimento, foram relatados após vacinações de rotina. Esses eventos são conhecidos como lesões em ombro relacionadas à administração de vacina (SIRVA, do inglês shoulder injury related to vaccine administration).Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada para identificar todos os relatos publicados de SIRVA. Vinte e sete artigos que relataram um ou mais casos de SIRVA foram encontrados. A vacina mais comumente citada foi a vacina contra influenza. Os sintomas mais comuns foram dor com início em até 48 horas e perda da amplitude de movimento do ombro. As modalidades de tratamento mais comuns foram fisioterapia, injeções de corticosteroides e administração de medicamentos anti-inflamatórios; alguns pacientes, porém, precisaram de cirurgia. Independentemente da intervenção, a grande maioria dos casos apresentou melhora da dor e da função, à exceção dos pacientes com lesão nervosa.A SIRVA tem múltiplas possíveis etiologias, inclusive comprimento da agulha, lesão mecânica por penetração excessiva da agulha e resposta inflamatória aos componentes da vacina; no entanto, ainda não há um exame definitivo ou resultado quantificável.
Evolutionary determinism and convergence associated with water-column transitions in marine fishes
Authors: Rincon-Sandoval Melissa , Duarte-Ribeiro Emanuell , Davis Aaron M. , Santaquiteria Aintzane , Hughes Lily C. , Baldwin Carole C. , Soto-Torres Luisángely , Acero P. Arturo , Walker H. J. , Carpenter Kent E. , Sheaves Marcus , Ortí Guillermo , Arcila Dahiana , Betancur-R. Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Body shape is a strong predictor of habitat occupation in fishes, which changes rapidly at microevolutionary scales in well-studied freshwater systems such as sticklebacks and cichlids. Deep-bodied forms tend to occur in benthic habitats, while pelagic species typically have streamlined body plans. The recurrent evolution of this pattern across distantly related groups suggests that limited sets of high-fitness solutions exist due to environmental constraints. We rigorously test these observations showing that similar constraints operate at deeper evolutionary scales in a clade (Lutjanidae) of primarily benthic fish dwellers that repeatedly transitioned into midwater habitats in all major oceans throughout its 45-million-year history. Midwater species strongly converge in body shape, emphasizing evolutionary determinism in form and function along the benthic–pelagic axis.
Running patterns and force‐velocity sprinting profiles in elite training young soccer players: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Qingshan , Pommerell Félicie , Owen Adam , Trama Robin , Martin Cyril , Hautier Christophe A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Volodalen® field method permits to classify runners into aerial or terrestrial, based on vertical oscillation, upper‐body motion, pelvis and foot position at ground contact, and foot strike pattern. The present study aimed to compare the sprint running force‐velocity profiles between aerial and terrestrial runners. Sixty‐Four French National‐Level young soccer players (28 females, 36 males) performed three trials of unloaded maximal 40 m sprints. External horizontal power‐force‐velocity relationships were computed using a validated biomechanical model and based on the velocity‐time curve. Accordingly, the participants were classified into patterns in aerial and terrestrial runners. Terrestrial runners showed a higher maximal horizontal force (F 0) (6.73 ± 1.03 vs 6.01 ± 0.94 N·kg−1), maximal horizontal power (P max) (14.04 ± 3.24 vs 12.51 ± 3.31W·kg−1), maximal acceleration (Acc) (6.83 ± 0.85 vs 6.26 ± 0.89 m·s−2), and maximal rate of horizontal force (RF max) (57.41 ± 4.64 vs 52.81 ± 5.69%) compared to aerial runners. In contrast, terrestrial runners displayed a more negative rate of decrease of RF (D RF) (−11.65 ± 1.71 vs −10.23 ± 1.66%) and slope of the Force‐Velocity relationship (F‐V slope) (−0.83 ± 0.11 vs −0.77 ± 0.10 N·s·m−1·kg−1) than aerial runners. The results indicate that terrestrial runners displayed more efficient force production in the forward direction and displayed more “force‐oriented” F‐V profiles. Nevertheless, aerial runners were more effective in maintaining a net horizontal force production with increasing speed. Our results suggest that terrestrial runners could be more adapted to the specific short distance and high acceleration sprints running.
The effects of using a combination of static stretching and aerobic exercise on muscle tendon unit stiffness and strength in ankle plantar‐flexor muscles
Authors: Takeuchi Kosuke , Takemura Masahiro , Nakamura Masatoshi , Tsukuda Fumiko , Miyakawa Shumpei 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of using a combination of static stretching and aerobic exercise on muscle tendon unit stiffness and muscle strength in the ankle plantar‐flexor muscles. Fifteen healthy males (23.3 ± 2.7 years, 170.3 ± 6.5 cm, 64.9 ± 8.7 kg) received three different interventions, in random order. Intervention 1 received 10 min of aerobic exercise after five cycles of one minute of static stretching. Intervention 2 received 10 min of aerobic exercise before the static stretching. Intervention 3 received 5 min of aerobic exercise both before and after the static stretching. The range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion, stretch tolerance, muscle tendon unit stiffness, peak torque of ankle plantarflexion, and the amplitude of electromyography were measured. In all interventions, the range of motion and stretch tolerance significantly increased (p < 0.05), but muscle tendon unit stiffness decreased significantly for all interventions (p < 0.05). Peak torque of ankle plantar flexion and amplitude of electromyography significantly increased for Interventions 1 and 3 (p < 0.05), while these significantly decreased for Intervention 2 (p < 0.05). These data indicated that range of motion and stretch tolerance were increased, but muscle tendon unit stiffness was decreased regardless of the order of static stretching and aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise after static stretching increased the peak torque and amplitude of electromyography.
The Influence of Procurator Generals in Constitutional Review: The Case of Bulgaria
Authors: Bagashka Tanya , Tiede Lydia Brashear 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAfter democratic transitions, many Eastern European countries reformed their political institutions in a piecemeal fashion. Focusing on the Bulgarian Constitutional Court from 1992 to 2012 and the Soviet-style procurator general, we analyze how legal reforms operate in practice in transitional societies. Using original data, we find that judges are influenced by the powerful and unaccountable procurator general. Judges’ decisions to strike down laws also are guided by alignment with their or their appointers’ political preferences and the opinions of interested parties in amicus briefs. The study has implications about interbranch relations and the role of procurator generals in constitutional review.
The Future Matters: Judicial Preferences Over Legal Rules and Decision-Making on Collegial Courts
Authors: Ainsley Caitlin , Carrubba Cliff , Vanberg Georg 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh courts such as the US Supreme Court announce legal rules that guide subsequent decisions by lower courts and other actors. Because legal rules are forward-looking in this sense, judges’ expectations about the distribution of future cases are critical. Focusing on this fact, we provide microfoundations for judicial preferences over legal rules by deriving them directly from expectations about the distribution of future cases. Doing so has important consequences: in contrast to standard assumptions in models of judicial decision-making, preferences over legal rules are asymmetric rather than symmetric. We demonstrate that this has significant implications for judicial decision-making on collegial courts. Finally, we show that changes in the case distribution—for example, as a result of technological change—can lead to significant legal change, even in the absence of ideological or doctrinal change on the court.
In situ measurement of sludge thickness in high-centrifugal force by optimized particle resistance normalization for wireless electrical resistance detector (WERD)
Authors: Prayitno Yosephus Ardean Kurnianto , Zhao Tong , Iso Yoshiyuki , Takei Masahiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the in situ sludge thickness of polymers in a real-scale horizontal decanter centrifuge using the optimized particle resistance normalization (OPRN) technique. The sludge thickness of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in an aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) carrier fluid was observed as a function of the normalized particle resistance of a wireless electrical resistance detector. The measured resistance of the continuous phase during the centrifugation is set as the reference and normalized following its dominant frequency by Fourier transform. Here, the OPRN limits the particle resistance using the normalization function based on the closed-packing condition (i.e. Krieger 1972 Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 3 111–36; Phillips
et al
1992 Phys. Fluids A 4 30–40; and Rao et al 2002 Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids.
39 465–83) in the particle sensitivity area (PSA). The normalized value is then plotted in the fitting equation using a nonlinear generalized reduced gradient. The PSA is solved by a simulation study on electrostatics and by static experiments. Two different centrifugation parameters of feed rates and two centrifugal forces at four different measurement points were considered to observe the sludge thickness distribution as a function of operational time. As a result, the in situ sludge thickness is described in the nonlinear fit plot equation with a coefficient score to explain the separation phenomenon inside the decanter centrifuge. The plot agrees well with the experimental data with a high degree of coefficient of determination.
Measurement and evaluation of cylindricity deviation in Cartesian coordinates
Authors: Liu Fei , Liang Lin , Xu Guanghua , Hou Chenggang , Liu Dan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the earlier studies of the Liu et al (2015 Intersecting chord method for minimum zone evaluation of roundness deviation using Cartesian coordinate data Precis. Eng.
42 242–52, 2016 Minimum circumscribed circle and maximum inscribed circle of roundness deviation evaluation with intersecting chord method IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.
65 2787–96), the intersecting chords method was proposed for modeling roundness and sphericity deviations. Because cylindricity deviation is partially associated with both deviations, this study focuses on the measurement and evaluation of cylindricity deviations using the intersecting chords method in the Cartesian coordinate system. Combined with the geometric structure of a cylinder, the measurement method of the cylindricity deviation in Cartesian coordinates is introduced, and the cylindricity measurement is conducted by multi-section sampling, axis fitting, and spatial projection. Based on this, the intersecting chords method is employed to construct models for the cylindricity deviation evaluation using the point coordinates obtained from the cylindricity measurements, including minimum circumscribed cylindricity, maximum inscribed cylindricity, and minimum zone cylindricity. The core of the intersecting chords method is using a chord instead of a curve as the characteristic element of the evaluation model. Moreover, the cross structure produced by the intersecting chords can control the position of the reference form and obtain the center of the evaluation model accurately. For the cylindricity deviation, the intersecting chords method not only reduces the modeling difficulty but also improves the evaluation accuracy. Moreover, the availability and validity of the modeling method are further verified by the experimental data obtained from coordinate measuring machines, and the results show that the research study is useful for developing measurement instruments and manufacturing equipment having large cylindrical parts.
Modelization of electrical and optical characteristics of short-wave infrared type I InGaAsBi/InGaAs/InP quantum wells p-i-n detector
Authors: Sfina N , Ammar I , Lazzari J-L , Said M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the present work, we will exhibit a theoretical analysis and optimization of electrical and optical characteristics of a short-wave infrared p-i-n detector closely lattice matched to conventional (001) InP substrate by the use of quaternary dilute bismide alloy InxGa1−xAs1−yBiy/InxGa1−xAs quantum wells as an active layer. The content of about 6% of Bismuth has been responsible of red-shift of the 50% cut-off wavelength from 2.2 towards 2.8 μm at room temperature, resulting in a band gap reduction of nearly 305 meV caused by the bismuth incorporation. The temperature dependence of zero-bias resistance area product (R
0
A) and bias dependent dynamic resistance of the designed structure have been investigated thoroughly to analyses the dark current contributions mechanisms that might limit the electrical performance of the considered structure. It was revealed that the R
0
A product of the detector is limited by thermal diffusion currents when temperatures are elevated whereas the ohmic shunt resistance contribution limits it when temperatures are low. The modeled heterostructure, reveals a comforting dark current of 1.25 × 10−8 A at bias voltage of −10 mV at 300 K. The present work demonstrates that the p-i-n detector based on compressively strained InxGa1−xAs1−yBiy quantum well is a potential candidate for achieving a short-wave infrared detection.
The etching process and mechanism analysis of Ta-Sb2Te3 film based on inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Xu Yongkang , Song Sannian , Fang Wencheng , Li Chengxing , Song Zhitang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Compared to the conventional phase change materials, the new phase change material Ta-Sb2Te3 has the advantages of excellent data retention and good material stability. In this letter, the etching characteristics of Ta-Sb2Te3 were studied by using CF4/Ar. The results showed that when CF4/Ar = 25/25, the etching power was 600 W and the etching pressure was 2.5 Pa, the etching speed was up to 61 nm/min. The etching pattern of Ta-Sb2Te3 film had a smooth side wall and good perpendicularity (close to 90°), smooth surface of the etching (RMS was 0.51nm), and the etching uniformity was fine. Furthermore, the mechanism of this etching process was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The main damage mechanism of ICP etching in CF4/Ar was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
A 16-bit 1 MSPS SAR ADC with foreground calibration and residual voltage shift strategy
Authors: Zhang Xian , Cao Xiaodong , Zhang Xuelian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a 16-bit 1MSPS foreground calibration successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) is developed by the CMOS 0.25 μm process. An on-chip all-digital foreground weights calibration technique integrating self-calibration weight measurement with PN port auto-balance technique is designed to improve the performance and lower the costs of the developed SAR ADC. The SAR ADC has a chip area of 2.7 × 2.4 mm2, and consumes only 100 μW at the 2.5 V supply voltage with 100 KSPS. The INL and DNL are both less than 0.5 LSB.
Prediction and observation of defect-induced room-temperature ferromagnetism in halide perovskites
Authors: Sun Zhiguo , Cai Bo , Chen Xi , Wei Wenxian , Li Xiaoming , Yang Dandan , Meng Cuifang , Wu Ye , Zeng Haibo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The possibility to induce a macroscopic magnetic moment in lead halide perovskites (LHPs), combined with their excellent optoelectronic properties, is of fundamental interest and has promising spintronic applications. However, these possibilities remain an open question in both theory and experiment. Here, theoretical and experimental studies are performed to explore ferromagnetic states in LHPs originated from lattice defects. First-principle calculations reveal that shallow-level Br vacancies in defective CsPbBr3 can produce spin-splitting states and the coupling between them leads to a ferromagnetic ground state. Experimentally, ferromagnetism at 300 K is observed in room-temperature synthesized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, but is not observed in hot-injection prepared CsPbBr3 quantum dots and in CsPbBr3 single crystals, highlighting the significance played by vacancy defects. Furthermore, the ferromagnetism in the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals can be enhanced fourfold with Ni2+ ion dopants, due to enhancement of the exchange coupling between magnetic polarons. Room-temperature ferromagnetism is also observed in other LHPs, which suggests that vacancy-induced ferromagnetism may be a universal feature of solution-processed LHPs, which is useful for future spintronic devices.
European position paper on the management of patients with patent foramen ovale. Part II - Decompression sickness, migraine, arterial deoxygenation syndromes and select high-risk clinical conditions
Authors: Pristipino Christian , Germonpré Peter , Toni Danilo , Sievert Horst , Meier Bernhard , D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Berti Sergio , Onorato Eustaquio Maria , Bedogni Francesco , Mas Jean-Louis , Scacciatella Paolo , Hildick-Smith David , Gaita Fiorenzo , Kyrle Paul A , Thomson John , Derumeaux Genevieve , Sibbing Dirk , Chessa Massimo , Hornung Marius , Zamorano Jose , Dudek Dariusz ,   EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS TEAM, D’Ascenzo Fabrizio , Omedè Pierluigi , Ballocca Flavia , Barbero Umberto , Giordana Francesca , Gili Sebastiano , Iannaccone Mario ,   INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS, Akagi Teiji , Anzola Gianpaolo , Carroll John , Dalvi Bharat , De Angelis Claudio , Junbo Ge , Kasner Scott E , Michel-Behnke Ina , Musumeci Giuseppe , Søndergaard Lars , Tarantini Giuseppe , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe G L ,   joint task force of European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), European Stroke Organisation (ESO), European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), ESC Working Group on Adult Congenital Heart Disease, ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, European Haematological Society (EHA), European Underwater and Baromedical Society (EUBS),   EAPCI SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTS AND INITIATIVES COMMITTEE, Capodanno Davide , Valgimigli Marco , Byrne Robert , Kunadian Vijay 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of medical conditions but to date only one official position paper related to left circulation thromboembolism has been published. This interdisciplinary paper, prepared with the involvement of eight European scientific societies, reviews the available evidence and proposes a rationale for decision making for other PFO-related clinical conditions. In order to guarantee a strict evidence-based process, we used a modified grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. A critical qualitative and quantitative evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures was performed, including assessment of the risk/benefit ratio. The level of evidence and the strength of the position statements were weighed and graded according to predefined scales. Despite being based on limited and observational or low-certainty randomised data, a number of position statements were made to frame PFO management in different clinical settings, along with suggestions for new research avenues. This interdisciplinary position paper, recognising the low or very low certainty of existing evidence, provides the first approach to several PFO-related clinical scenarios beyond left circulation thromboembolism and strongly stresses the need for fresh high-quality evidence on these topics.
Effects of Dementia Simulation on Nursing Student's Knowledge and Empathy
Authors: Kimzey Michelle , Patterson Jodi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The numbers of people living with dementia are overwhelming. Dementia education is important to prepare nursing students to care for this population. Care for people with dementia requires a better understanding of the reality of dementia. Dementia education must empower nursing students to appreciate, provide care, and support the needs of the caregiver and people with dementia. The purpose of this study was (1) to determine the effects of the dementia simulation on nursing students’ knowledge of dementia and empathy for people living with dementia, (2) to explore the level of empathic concern, shared affect, perspective-taking self and perspective-taking other of undergraduate nursing students towards individuals with dementia. A convergent mixed method design was used with pretest and posttest serving as the quantitative arm of the study. A focus group discussion with themes extracted served as the qualitative piece of the study. The convenience sample of 65 undergraduate nursing students. Students completed pre and post-test surveys which included Dementia Knowledge Assessment Tool Version 2, Comprehensive State Empathy Scale, and demographic questionnaire. Content analysis was conducted on focus group responses to qualitative interview questions. Quantitative results reported a significant increase in empathy. Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results. Results revealed the dementia simulation positively impacted students’ empathy for people with dementia. This learning activity was innovative and created excitement and intrigue about caring for people with dementia. The dementia simulation experience created an awareness of dementia and ignited nursing students’ passion to care for this population.
Interprofessional Education Activity to Improve Communication With Older Adults With Hearing Loss
Authors: Gaeta Laura , Sharpp Tara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how an interprofessional education (IPE) intervention with Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSAD) and Nursing students can affect their ability to communicate effectively with older adults who have hearing loss. As the older adult demographic increases, healthcare professionals must provide competent care, which includes effectively managing hearing-related communication difficulties in an increasingly diverse population. Faculty received IRB approval to conduct a descriptive mixed-methods study to determine knowledge and satisfaction of students completing an IPE activity. Students were divided into teams of CSAD and Nursing students. Students listened to a brief presentation on IPE before they were introduced to a complex case study of an 84-year-old male with age-related hearing loss. We administered a knowledge assessment questionnaire (KAQ) we created regarding communication with older adults before and after the activity. A total of 92 participants in the two programs (n=36 CSAD, n=56 Nursing) completed the KAQ before and after the activity and an evaluation with a Likert-type scale and open-ended questions. CSAD students scored significantly higher than Nursing students on the KAQ at baseline (F=25.69, p&lt;0.001) and KAQ scores increased significantly (F=57.04, p&lt;0.001) among both groups from pretest to posttest. The evaluation data indicated students were able to learn other perspectives and found the experience valuable. Based on the improvement in scores on the KAQ and evaluation data, this IPE activity increased knowledge related to communication with older adults with hearing loss and awareness of the roles of other professions.