bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of torquetenovirus DNA load in a recent kidney transplant recipient with mild SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and a failed antibody response
Authors: Querido Sara , Calça Rita , Weigert André , Francisco Diogo , Adragão Teresa , Ana Pessanha Maria , Gomes Perpétua , Rodrigues Luís , Figueira João M. , Cardoso Conceição , Machado Domingos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKidney transplant (KT) recipients are at an increased risk for severe COVID‐19 because of their immunosuppressed state. A 42‐year‐old KT patient was diagnosed with COVID‐19 three months after KT. Despite lymphopenia and several risk factors, he had a mild disease course. Nasopharyngeal real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for SARS‐CoV‐2 became negative 48 days after detection. SARS‑CoV‑2 IgG antibodies became negative after day 40. TTV DNA load increased with the onset COVID‐19 and reduced after its resolution. This is the first report where TTV DNA load was measured during the course of COVID‐19.
The effect of gamma irradiation on platelet redox state during storage
Authors: Nodeh Fatemeh Kiani , Hosseini Ehteramolsadat , Ghasemzadeh Mehran 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs a method with insignificant adverse effects on in vitro quality of platelet concentrates (PCs), gamma irradiation is applied to abrogate the risk of transfusion‐associated graft‐vs‐host disease in vulnerable recipients. However, there is some evidence of lower posttransfusion responses and proteomic alterations in gamma‐irradiated platelets (PLTs), which raises some questions about their quality, safety, and efficacy. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered as markers of PLT storage lesion (PSL), the study presented here investigated oxidant state in gamma‐irradiated PCs.Study Design and MethodsPLT‐rich plasma PC was split into two bags, one kept as control while other was subjected to gamma irradiation. Within 7 days of storage, the levels of intra‐PLT superoxide, H2O2, mitochondrial ROS, P‐selectin expression, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure were detected by flow cytometry while intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH), glucose concentration, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were measured by enzymocolorimetric method.ResultsGSH decreased, while ROS generation and LDH activity increased, during storage. Gamma irradiation significantly attenuated GSH whereas increased ROS generation in earlier and later stages of storage associated with either P‐selectin or PS exposure increments.ConclusionGamma irradiation can significantly increase cytosolic ROS generation in two distinct phases, one upon irradiation and another later in longer‐stored PCs. While earlier ROS influx seems to be governed by direct effect of irradiation, the second phase of oxidant stress is presumably due to the storage‐dependent PLT activation. Intriguingly, these observations were also in line with early P‐selectin increments and increased PS exposure in longer‐stored PLTs. Given the mutual link between ROS generation and PLT activation, further investigation is required to explore the effect of gamma irradiation on the induction of PSL.
Long‐term recurrent, yet nonprogressive, pedal viral papillomas in a dog
Authors: Munday John S. , Piripi Susan A. , Julian Alan , Martin Scott J. 
Published: November 2020

RésuméLes papillomes viraux développés sur le doigt d’un chien ont été retirés et ont récidivés à quatre reprises en deux ans. Malgré la « persistance » des papillomes, ils sont restés petits et confinés aux doigts, et n’ont pas disséminés ou ne se sont pas aggravés. Tous les papillomes persistants ne progressent pas, même si ils sont traités avec des traitements plus conservateurs.
Interobserver variability of radiographic methods for the evaluation of left atrial size in dogs
Authors: Bagardi Mara , Manfredi Martina , Zani Davide D. , Brambilla Paola G. , Locatelli Chiara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this retrospective, observer agreement study were to (a) test variability of radiographic left atrial dimension (RLAD) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) measurements among observers with different levels of expertise in thoracic radiology and cardiology, (b) assess whether one method is better than the other in detecting left atrial enlargement (LAE), and (c) assess the agreement among RLAD, VLAS, and American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) classes. Seventy‐four dogs (eight healthy and 66 with mitral valve disease) with thoracic radiographs and echocardiography performed on the same day were reviewed. Thirty showed echocardiographic LAE. Left atrial dimension was quantified using RLAD and VLAS by six different operators with three levels of clinical experience in veterinary cardiology/radiology. Vertebral heart score and fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) were also measured. Differences in T4, vertebral heart score (VHS), RLAD, and VLAS measurements were found among six operators and among the three levels of clinical expertise as well as between veterinary cardiology readers and veterinary radiology readers (P < .05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve for VHS showed good performances for all observers and level and type of expertise; the AUC for RLAD and VLAS was suboptimal only for the radiology student. Our RLAD and VLAS cutoffs (1.9 and 2.43 v, respectively) were better related to qualitative radiographic than quantitative echocardiographic LAE evaluation. Radiographic LA dimension and VLAS showed an increase proportional to the worsening of the ACVIM class. In conclusion, these results allow us to affirm that RLAD and VLAS are reproducible measurements for detecting LAE. Better performances are associated with clinical expertise and background.
Association between biliary tree manipulation and outcome in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele: A multi‐institutional retrospective study
Authors: Piegols Hunter J. , Hayes Galina M. , Lin Samantha , Singh Ameet , Langlois Daniel K. , Duffy Daniel J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether catheterization of the common bile duct (CBD) is associated with outcome in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele and to determine whether this association is modified by the catheterization method.Study designMulti‐institutional retrospective cohort study.AnimalsDogs (n = 252) that underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele.MethodsDogs were identified via electronic medical record review at four veterinary teaching hospitals. Baseline dog characteristics, surgical findings, and methods including normograde vs retrograde CBD catheterization, intraoperative outcomes, and postoperative outcomes and complications were recorded. Variables were compared between dogs with and without catheterization.ResultsCatheterized dogs had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores (P = .04), higher total bilirubin (P = .01), and were more likely to have dilated CBD at the time of surgery (P < .01). Incidence of major and minor intraoperative complications was similar between the two groups. Surgical time was longer for the catheterized group (P = .01). The overall incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the groups; however, postoperative pancreatitis was associated with performing CBD catheterization (P = .01). This association was retained as an independent association in a multivariable model that addressed baseline group differences (P = .04). Likelihood of developing postoperative pancreatitis was not different between normograde and retrograde catheterization (P = .57).ConclusionCatheterization of the CBD was associated with development of postoperative pancreatitis. This was not influenced by the method of catheterization.Clinical significanceThe requirement for catheterization of the CBD during open cholecystectomy in dogs should be carefully considered, particularly in dogs without evidence of biliary obstruction because the procedure may induce postoperative pancreatitis.
Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in raccoons (Procyon lotor) on swine farms and in conservation areas in southern Ontario
Authors: Vogt Nadine A. , Pearl David L. , Taboada Eduardo N. , Mutschall Steven K. , Bondo Kristin J. , Jardine Claire M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCampylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in humans worldwide. Sources of infection are often difficult to identify, and are, generally, poorly understood. Recent work suggests that wildlife may represent a source of Campylobacter for human infections. Using a repeated cross‐sectional study design, raccoons were trapped on five swine farms and five conservation areas in southern Ontario from 2011 to 2013. Our objectives were to: (a) assess the impact of seasonal, climatic, location, annual and raccoon demographic factors on the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in these animals; and (b) identify clusters of C. jejuni in space, time and space‐time using spatial scan statistics. Multi‐level multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the odds of isolating C. jejuni, with site and animal modelled as random intercepts. The following independent variables were examined: raccoon age and sex, year, location type, season, temperature and rainfall. A total of 1,096 samples were obtained from 627 raccoons; 46.3% were positive for C. jejuni. The following interactions and their main effects were significant (p < .05) and retained in the final model: season × temperature, year × rainfall, year × temperature. Based on the results from our multivariable model and spatial scan statistics, climatic variables (i.e. rainfall, temperature and season) were associated with the carriage of C. jejuni by raccoons, but the effects were not consistent, and varied by location and year. Although raccoons may pose a zoonotic risk due to their carriage of Campylobacter, further work is required to characterize the transmission and movement of this microorganism within the ecosystem.
Ventricular contraction and relaxation rates during muscle metaboreflex activation in heart failure: are they coupled?
Authors: Mannozzi Joseph , Massoud Louis , Kaur Jasdeep , Coutsos Matthew , O'Leary Donal S. 
Published: November 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does the muscle metaboreflex affect the ratio of left ventricular contraction/relaxation rates and does heart failure impact this relationship.
What is the main finding and its importance?
The effect of muscle metaboreflex activation on the ventricular relaxation rate was significantly attenuated in heart failure. Heart failure attenuates the exercise and muscle metaboreflex‐induced changes in the contraction/relaxation ratio. In heart failure, the reduced ability to raise cardiac output during muscle metaboreflex activation may not solely be due to attenuation of ventricular contraction but also alterations in ventricular relaxation and diastolic function.
AbstractThe relationship between contraction and relaxation rates of the left ventricle varies with exercise. In in vitro models, this ratio was shown to be relatively unaltered by changes in sarcomere length, frequency of stimulation, and β‐adrenergic stimulation. We investigated whether the ratio of contraction to relaxation rate is maintained in the whole heart during exercise and muscle metaboreflex activation and whether heart failure alters these relationships. We observed that in healthy subjects the ratio of contraction to relaxation increases from rest to exercise as a result of a higher increase in contraction relative to relaxation. During muscle metaboreflex activation the ratio of contraction to relaxation is significantly reduced towards 1.0 due to a large increase in relaxation rate matching contraction rate. In heart failure, contraction and relaxation rates are significantly reduced, and increases during exercise are attenuated. A significant increase in the ratio was observed from rest to exercise although baseline ratio values were significantly reduced close to 1.0 when compared to healthy subjects. There was no significant change observed between exercise and muscle metaboreflex activation nor was the ratio during muscle metaboreflex activation significantly different between heart failure and control. We conclude that heart failure reduces the muscle metaboreflex gain and contraction and relaxation rates. Furthermore, we observed that the ratio of the contraction and relaxation rates during muscle metaboreflex activation is not significantly different between control and heart failure, but significant changes in the ratio in healthy subjects due to increased relaxation rate were abolished in heart failure.
Revising the Revisions: James Hutton’s Reputation among Geologists in the Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Authors: Şengör* A. M. Celâl 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTA recent fad in the historiography of geology is to consider the Scottish polymath James Hutton’s Theory of the Earth the last of the “theories of the earth” genre of publications that had begun developing in the seventeenth century and to regard it as something behind the times already in the late eighteenth century and which was subsequently remembered only because some later geologists, particularly Hutton’s countryman Sir Archibald Geikie, found it convenient to represent it as a precursor of the prevailing opinions of the day. By contrast, the available documentation, published and unpublished, shows that Hutton’s theory was considered as something completely new by his contemporaries, very different from anything that preceded it, whether they agreed with him or not, and that it was widely discussed both in his own country and abroad—from St. Petersburg through Europe to New York. By the end of the third decade in the nineteenth century, many very respectable geologists began seeing in him “the father of modern geology” even before Sir Archibald was born (in 1835). Before long, even popular books on geology and general encyclopedias began spreading the same conviction. A review of the geological literature of the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries shows that Hutton was not only remembered, but his ideas were in fact considered part of the current science and discussed accordingly. The strange new fashion in the historiography of geology has been promulgated mostly by professional historians rather than geologists and seems based on two main reasons: (1) a misinterpretation of what geology consists of by considering methods rather than theories as the essence of the science, and (2) insufficient attention to the scientific literature of geology through the ages. In only one case, the religious commitment of a historian seems a reason for his attempt to belittle Hutton’s contribution and to exalt those of his Christian adversaries, hitherto considered insignificant. To write a history of geology it is imperative that extra-scientific considerations such as religion or political ideology or even the mental state of the scientist(s) examined must not be mixed, overtly or covertly, into the assessment and the writer should have a good knowledge of, and experience in doing, geology. Social considerations may tell us why science is done or not done in a society, but they cannot tell us anything on the origin and evolution of its content. In understanding the intellectual development of geology, in fact science in general, sociological analysis seems not very helpful.
Definition of tectonic elements in Tehuantepec, southeast Mexico: An integrated geophysical, geochronological, and stratigraphic perspective
Authors: Garza Roberto S. Molina , Pindell James , Coombs Henry , Weber Bodo , Alonso Tomás Peña 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We redefine the “Chontal arc” of the southern Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Mexico, as the Chontal allochthon. The Chontal assemblage is composed of Upper Cretaceous low-grade metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks included in the Chivela lithodeme. By means of field observations, laser-ablation detrital zircon geochronology, and trace-element geochemistry, we constrained the provenance and tectonic setting of these rocks. We concluded that they form an allochthon emplaced during a Paleogene transpressive event. Basement structure in the greater Oaxaca-Chiapas area was assessed by qualitative interpretation of Mexican State aeromagnetic maps. Chivela lithodeme sediments include a contribution from Albian–Turonian volcanic arc rocks no longer present in the region, likely sourced from the Chortís block or from the Greater Antilles Arc as it collided with southern Yucatan. Maastrichtian basic intrusive units, basalt flows, and pillow lavas with pelagic sediments in the Chontal are subalkaline, plotting in the normal mid-ocean-ridge basalt (N-MORB) field of discrimination diagrams. The igneous rocks are interpreted as pertaining either to the inception of the paleo–Motagua fault zone (left step in the fault trace), or to local backarc extension behind the Chortís block just before it began to migrate eastward, in a basin we call the Chontal basin. The Chontal allochthon was thrust northward onto parautochthonous strata flanking the Mixtequita and Chiapas Massif basements. Chontal allochthon rocks were later intruded by Miocene granitoids related to the inception of Cocos plate subduction arc magmatism. Rocks of the Chontal allochthon have been previously linked to the Cuicateco belt of eastern Oaxaca, but this is challenged here on the basis of lithologic type, chronology, tectonic associations, structural styles, and discontinuous anomaly trends in aeromagnetic maps.
Improving regional care in the last year of life by setting up a pragmatic evidence-based Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle: results from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Voltz Raymond , Dust Gloria , Schippel Nicolas , Hamacher Stefanie , Payne Sheila , Scholten Nadine , Pfaff Holger , Rietz Christian , Strupp Julia 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo set up a pragmatic Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle by analysing patient experiences and determinants of satisfaction with care in the last year of life.DesignCross-sectional postbereavement survey.SettingRegional health services research and development structure representing all health and social care providers involved in the last year of life in Cologne, a city with 1 million inhabitants in Germany.Participants351 bereaved relatives of adult decedents, representative for age and gender, accidental and suspicious deaths excluded.ResultsFor the majority (89%) of patients, home was the main place of care during their last year of life. Nevertheless, 91% of patients had at least one hospital admission and 42% died in hospital. Only 60% of informants reported that the decedent had been told that the disease was leading to death. Hospital physicians broke the news most often (58%), with their communication style often (30%) being rated as ‘not sensitive’. Informants indicated highly positive experiences with care provided by hospices (89% ‘good’) and specialist palliative home care teams (87% ‘good’). This proportion dropped to 41% for acute care hospitals, this rating being determined by the feeling of not being treated with respect and dignity (OR=23.80, 95% CI 7.503 to 75.498) and the impression that hospitals did not work well together with other services (OR=8.37, 95% CI 2.141 to 32.71).ConclusionsFollowing those data, our regional priority for action now is improvement of care in acute hospitals, with two new projects starting, first, how to recognise and communicate a limited life span, and second, how to improve care during the dying phase. Results and further improvement projects will be discussed in a working group with the city of Cologne, and repeating this survey in 2 years will be able to measure regional achievements.Trial registration numberDRKS00011925.
Postnatal checks and primary care consultations in the year following childbirth: an observational cohort study of 309 573 women in the UK, 2006–2016
Authors: Smith Holly Christina , Saxena Sonia , Petersen Irene 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo describe women’s uptake of postnatal checks and primary care consultations in the year following childbirth.DesignObservational cohort study using electronic health records.SettingUK primary care.ParticipantsWomen aged 16–49 years who had given birth to a single live infant recorded in The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database in 2006–2016.Main outcome measuresPostnatal checks and direct consultations in the year following childbirth.ResultsWe examined 1 427 710 consultations in 309 573 women who gave birth to 241 662 children in 2006–2016. Of these women, 78.7% (243 516) had a consultation at the time of the postnatal check, but only 56.2% (174 061) had a structured postnatal check documented. Teenage women (aged 16–19 years) were 12% less likely to have a postnatal check compared with those aged 30–35 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.91) and those living in the most deprived versus least deprived areas were 10% less likely (IRR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.92). Women consulted on average 4.8 times per woman per year and 293 049 women (94.7%) had at least one direct consultation in the year after childbirth. Consultation rates were higher for those with a caesarean delivery (7.7 per woman per year, 95% CI 7.7 to 7.8). Consultation rates peaked during weeks 5–10 following birth (11.8 consultations/100 women) coinciding with the postnatal check.ConclusionsTwo in 10 women did not have a consultation at the time of the postnatal check and four in 10 women have no record of receiving a structured postnatal check within the first 10 weeks after giving birth. Teenagers and those from the most deprived areas are among the least likely to have a check. We estimate up to 350 400 women per year in the UK may be missing these opportunities for timely health promotion and to have important health needs identified following childbirth.
Development and validation of a Japanese version of the Patient Centred Assessment Method and its user guide: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mutai Rieko , Sugiyama Yoshifumi , Yoshida Shuhei , Horiguchi Ryoko , Watanabe Takamasa , Kaneko Makoto , Tominaga Tomokazu , Hayashi Daichi , Matsushima Masato 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Patient Centred Assessment Method (PCAM) and its user guide. The secondary objective was to examine the validity and reliability in the primary care setting.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThree family physician teaching clinics located in urban residential areas in Tokyo, Japan.ParticipantsPatients who were aged 20 years or older, and who had an appointment with physicians at the three participating clinics.Main outcome measuresPatient complexity measured by PCAM and complexity/burden level measured by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).ResultsAlthough confirmatory factor analysis using a model described in a previous study revealed that the indices did not meet the criteria for good fit, exploratory factor analysis revealed a new three-factor structure of ‘Personal well-being,’ ‘Social interaction’ and ‘Needs for care/service.’ Cronbach’s alpha of PCAM was 0.86. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between PCAM scores and VAS scores were 0.51 for complexity (p<0.001) and 0.41 for burden (p<0.001). There were 42 patients (14.3% of total patients) with PCAM scores greater than its mean of 16.5 but with complexity VAS scores less than its mean of 20.8.ConclusionsThe Japanese version of PCAM and its user guide were developed through Japanese translation and cultural adaptation by cognitive debriefing. PCAM is a valid and reliable tool to assess patient complexity in the primary care settings in Japan. Additionally, although the correlation between total PCAM scores and complexity/burden as assessed by VAS was moderate, PCAM can more precisely identify patient complexity than skilled physician’s intuition.