bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEMONSTRATION OF THE POTENTIAL AND DIFFICULTIES OF COMBINED TL AND OSL MEASUREMENTS OF TLD-600 AND TLD-700 FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE DOSE COMPONENTS IN COMPLEX NEUTRON-GAMMA RADIATION FIELDS
Authors: Oster L , Eliyahu I , Horowitz Y S , Reshes G , Shapiro A , Garty G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The results reported herein demonstrate the potential application of combined optically stimulated luminescence/thermoluminescent (OSL/TL) measurements in neutron-gamma discrimination dosimetry. The advantages of OSL/TL are two-fold: (i) The OSL and TL readout can be carried out on the same sample and (ii) the greater efficiency of OSL to high ionization density radiation due to F 2 and F3 excitation. The gamma/electron calibration coefficients for LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-600 and TLD-700) were measured using a 90Sr/90Y source calibrated at the SARAF-SSDL nuclear facility. The estimation of the neutron calibration coefficients was carried out by irradiation with broad-spectrum beam of fast neutrons with median energy 5 MeV at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) of Columbia University. Naturally cooled samples of TLD-600 and TLD-700 were dosed to levels of 29.8 Gy neutrons and 6.1 Gy gammas in air and KERMA calculations employed to transfer the levels of dose to6,7LiF. A figure of merit for fast-neutron/gamma ray discrimination was determined at 10.6 for TLD-700 in the current measurements. The use of combined TLD-600/TLD-700 allowed, as well, the determination of a considerable and somewhat unexpected thermal neutron component of 116 Gy in TLD-600.
Assessing the Causal Effects of Human Serum Metabolites on 5 Major Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Yang Jian , Yan Bin , Zhao Binbin , Fan Yajuan , He Xiaoyan , Yang Lihong , Ma Qingyan , Zheng Jie , Wang Wei , Bai Ling , Zhu Feng , Ma Xiancang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide while the pathogenesis remains unclear. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have made great achievements in detecting disease-related genetic variants. However, functional information on the underlying biological processes is often lacking. Current reports propose the use of metabolic traits as functional intermediate phenotypes (the so-called genetically determined metabotypes or GDMs) to reveal the biological mechanisms of genetics in human diseases. Here we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis that uses GDMs to assess the causal effects of 486 human serum metabolites on 5 major psychiatric disorders, which respectively were schizophrenia (SCZ), major depression (MDD), bipolar disorder (BIP), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using genetic variants as proxies, our study has identified 137 metabolites linked to the risk of psychiatric disorders, including 2-methoxyacetaminophen sulfate, which affects SCZ (P = 1.7 × 10–5) and 1-docosahexaenoylglycerophosphocholine, which affects ADHD (P = 5.6 × 10–5). Fourteen significant metabolic pathways involved in the 5 psychiatric disorders assessed were also detected, such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism for SCZ (P = .0238), Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis for both MDD (P = .0144) and ADHD (P = .0029). Our study provided novel insights into integrating metabolomics with genomics in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of human diseases.
The Natural History of Insomnia: the incidence of acute insomnia and subsequent progression to chronic insomnia or recovery in good sleeper subjects
Authors: Perlis Michael L , Vargas Ivan , Ellis Jason G , Grandner Michael A , Morales Knashawn H , Gencarelli Amy , Khader Waliuddin , Kloss Jaqueline D , Gooneratne Nalaka S , Thase Michael E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
The primary aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence per annum of acute insomnia and to what extent those that develop acute insomnia recover good sleep or develop chronic insomnia. Unlike prior studies, a dense-sampling approach was used here (i.e. daily diaries) and this allowed for a more precise detection of acute insomnia and the follow-on states (the transitions to either recovery or chronic insomnia).

Methods
Good sleeper subjects (n = 1,248; 67% female) that were at least 35 years old participated in this prospective study on the natural history of insomnia. Subjects were recruited nationwide and completed online assessments for 1 year. The online measures consisted primarily of daily sleep diaries, as well as weekly/bi-weekly and monthly measures of sleep, stress, and psychological and physical health.

Results
The 1-year incidence rate of acute insomnia was 27.0% (n = 337). The incidence rate of chronic insomnia was 1.8% (n = 23). Of those that developed acute insomnia, 72.4% (n = 244) went on to recover good sleep. 19.3% (n = 65) of the acute insomnia sample continued to experience persistent poor sleep, but did not meet criteria for chronic insomnia.

Conclusions
The incidence rate of acute insomnia (3 or more nights a week for between 2 and 12 weeks) is remarkably high. This said, most incident cases resolve within a few days to weeks. Incident chronic insomnia only occurs in about 2 in 100 individuals.
Modified Natural-Cycle Cryopreserved Embryo Transfer: Is a Washout Period Needed After a Failed Fresh Cycle?
Authors: Horowitz Eran , Mizrachi Yossi , Farhi Jacob , Shalev Amir , Raziel Arieh , Weissman Ariel 
Published: December 2019

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed Online 2019;39(3):439–445)
Embryo cryopreservation and frozen embryo transfer (FET) in assisted reproductive technology currently accounts for up to one third of all children born in the United States using assisted reproductive technology. Embryo cryopreservation's increase in utilization is driven by advances in procedures associated with the technology as well as increased understanding of downstream effects associated with ovarian stimulation.
Ulipristal Acetate vs Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists Prior to Laparoscopic Myomectomy (MYOMEX Trial): Short-term Results of a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Milliano Inge , Huirne Judith A. F. , Thurkow Andreas L. , Radder Celine , Bongers Marlies Y. , van Vliet Huib , van de Lande Jonas , van de Ven Peter M. , Hehenkamp Wouter J. K. 
Published: December 2019

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2019; doi: 10.1111/aogs.13713)
Two agents used for pretreatment of fibroids before myomectomy are gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa)—considered a criterion standard—and ulipristal acetate (UPA), a selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) recently approved for preoperative treatment. No randomized trials have compared pretreatment of uterine fibroids with GnRHa or UPA prior to laparoscopic myomectomy.
US Trends of Opioid-use Disorders and Associated Factors Among Hospitalized Patients With Spinal Conditions and Treatment From 2005 to 2014
Authors: Lee Se Won , Shen Jay , Kim Sun Jung , Chun Sung-Youn , Kim Pearl , Riaz Jahan , Yoo Ji Won , Hwang Jinwook 
Published: December 2019

Study Design.
Serial cross-sectional study utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2005 to 2014.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to examine the trends of opioid-use disorders among hospitalized patients with spinal conditions and treatment and to identify its contributing factors.

Summary of Background Data.
The opioid is widely used in chronic spinal conditions, and misuse of prescriptions is the main culprit of the opioid crisis. Cannabis, the most commonly utilized illicit drug, has recently been substituted for opioid despite increasing cannabis-use emergency room visits. There is limited information on opioid-use disorders, the association with cannabis, and other contributing factors.

Methods.
We analyzed the 2005 to 2014 NIS data that identified opioid-use disorders among hospitalized patients with cervical and lumbar spinal conditions and treatment using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes for opioid abuse, dependence, poisoning, and cervical and lumbar spinal diseases and procedures. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was used to quantify trends of opioid-use disorders among hospitalized patients. Multilevel and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine their contributing factors.

Results.
The number of hospitalizations with spinal conditions and treatment increased from 2005 to 2011, then decreased between 2011 and 2014 with an overall decrease in length of stay, resulting in the CAGR of −1.60% (P < .001). Almost 3% (2.93%, n = 557,423) of hospitalized patients with spinal conditions and treatment were diagnosed as opioid-use disorders and its CAGR was 6.47% (P < .0001). Opioid-use disorders were associated with cannabis-use disorders (odds ratio 1.714), substance use, mental health condition, younger age, white race, male sex, higher household income, and public insurance or uninsured.

Conclusion.
This study suggests that opioid-use disorders are increasing among hospitalized patients with spinal conditions and treatment and associated with several demographic, and socioeconomic factors, including cannabis-use disorders.

Level of Evidence: 3
Developing a better biopsychosocial understanding of pain in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sweeney Louise , Moss-Morris Rona , Czuber-Dochan Wladyslawa , Murrells Trevor , Norton Christine 
Published: December 2019

ObjectivePain is frequently reported by patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Pain in IBD is not fully explained by disease activity or other clinical findings, and a recent systematic review suggested that psychosocial factors have an important role in IBD-pain. The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial factors associated with pain in IBD.Methods297 adults (>16 years) with IBD were recruited from outpatient clinics (n = 114) and online (n = 183). Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing pain and potential emotional, cognitive and behavioural correlates. Socio-demographic and clinical factors including disease activity were also recorded.Results243 (81.8%) of participants reported pain. Of these 243, mean age was 36 years; 153 (63%) had Crohn’s disease, 90 (37%) had ulcerative colitis, and 165 (67.9%) were female. 62.6% reported mild, 31.6% moderate and 5.8% severe pain. 40.3% of participants with pain met established criteria for chronic pain and 18.5% reported opioid use. Female gender, smoking, surgery and steroid use were associated with greater pain severity. Psychosocial factors associated with pain-related interference included depression, catastrophising, fear avoidance, lower self-efficacy and worse mental well-being. Regression models explained 45.6% of the variance in pain severity and 49.7% of pain interference. Psychosocial factors explained 9.5% and 24% of this variance respectively when controlling for demographic and clinical variables.ConclusionsPain in IBD is significantly associated with cognitive and behavioural factors as well as low mood. This study contributes to a biopsychosocial understanding of pain in IBD and identifies important targets for future interventions.
Point-of-care ultrasound in the neonatal ICU
Authors: Miller Laura E. , Stoller Jason Z. , Fraga María V. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of review
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an emerging clinical tool in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Recent literature describing the use of POCUS for various applications in the NICU has garnered increased interest among neonatologists.

Recent findings
Diagnostic applications for POCUS in the NICU include the evaluation and serial monitoring of common pulmonary diseases, hemodynamic instability, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), among others. Procedural applications include vascular access, endotracheal intubation, lumbar puncture, and fluid drainage.

Summary
Experience with POCUS in the NICU is growing. Current evidence supports the use of POCUS for a number of diagnostic and procedural applications. As use of this tool increases, there is an urgent need to develop formal training requirements specific to neonatology, as well as evidence-based guidelines to standardize use across centers.
The future of cellular immunotherapy for childhood leukemia
Authors: Bonifant Challice L. , Tasian Sarah K. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of reviewExciting translational discoveries in recent years have brought realized promise of immunotherapy for children with high-risk leukemias. This review summarizes the current immunotherapeutic landscape with a focus on key clinical trials for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia.Recent findingsChemotherapy resistance remains a major barrier to cure in children with high-risk leukemias. Immunotherapy approaches have potential to overcome this resistance given alternative mechanisms of action. Based upon preclinical activity and/or success in adult patients, recent clinical trials have demonstrated safety and efficacy of various mAb, antibody–drug conjugate, bispecific T-cell-engaging antibody, natural killer cell, and chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T-cell immunotherapies for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute myeloid leukemia. Food and Drug Administration approval of several of these immunotherapies has increased the pediatric leukemia therapeutic portfolio and improved clinical outcomes for previously incurable patients.SummarySeveral antibody-based or cellular immunotherapy modalities have demonstrated appreciable efficacy in children with relapsed or chemotherapy-refractory leukemia via early-phase clinical trials. Some studies have also identified critical biomarkers of treatment response and resistance that merit further investigation. Continued preclinical and clinical evaluation of novel immunotherapies is imperative to improve cure rates for children with high-risk leukemias.
Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy: A Review
Authors: Kemper James M. , Vollenhoven Beverley J. , Talmor Alon J. 
Published: December 2019

Importance
Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has undergone many technical developments over recent years, including changes in biopsy timings, methodology, and genetic analysis techniques. The evidence surrounding the efficaciousness of PGT-A is sporadic and inconsistent; as such, significant doubt and concern remain regarding its widespread implementation.

Objective
This review seeks to describe the historical development of PGT-A and to analyze and summarize the current published literature.

Conclusions
At times during its infancy, PGT-A failed to display conclusive improvements in results; with newer technologies, PGT-A appears to yield superior outcomes, including reductions in miscarriages and multiple gestations. Clinicians and patients should assess the use of PGT-A on a case-by-case basis, with laboratories encouraged to utilize blastocyst biopsy and next-generation sequencing when conducting PGT-A. Further studies providing cumulative live birth rates and time to live birth are required if PGT-A is to be proven as producing superior outcomes.

Relevance
PGT-A has the potential ability to impact in vitro fertilization success rates, and as it is increasingly adopted worldwide, it is crucial that clinicians are aware of the evidence for its continued use.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After reading this review, physicians should be better able to summarize the history of PGT-A, including the development over time of biopsy and analytical techniques; explain the continued uncertainty regarding the efficacy of PGT-A and the associated safety concerns; and assess the impact mosaicism may have on the interpretation of PGT-A results and subsequent treatment recommendations.
Associations Between Migraine and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Aukes Annet M. , Yurtsever Feyza N. , Boutin Amélie , Visser Marieke C. , de Groot Christianne J. M. 
Published: December 2019

Importance
Migraine is a highly prevalent disorder associated with cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are also associated with preeclampsia (PE). The adverse pregnancy outcomes PE, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and placental abruption share aspects in their pathophysiology, which are also found in patients with migraine, such as inflammatory stress and hypercoagulability.

Objective
To determine the association of adverse pregnancy outcomes including PE, PTB, LBW, SGA, and placental abruption with a history of migraine through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Evidence Acquisition
MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, were searched from inception to November 11, 2018. Cohort studies and case-control studies evaluating migraine history and pregnancy complications were eligible.

Results
Of 1388 screened references, 14 studies were included in the systematic review. There were higher risks of PE (odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–2.85; I
2 = 76%) and LBW (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03–1.34; I
2 = 9%) in women with migraine compared with women without migraine. We observed no significant association between history of migraine and PTB (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.97–1.55; I
2 = 61%) or SGA (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98–1.15; I
2 = 0%).

Conclusions
A history of migraine is significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes including PE and LBW. We hypothesize that shared pathophysiology due to underlying preclinical cardiovascular risk in women with migraine might play a role during pregnancy.

Relevance
Pregnant women with a history of migraine should be considered at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and should be informed, monitored, and treated preventively accordingly.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to: Describe the association between migraine and placenta-induced pregnancy complications; Explain the possibility of the developing preeclampsia in women with a history of migraine; and Assess the risk of preterm birth or a neonate with low birth weight or small for gestational age in women with migraine.
Transvaginal Trigger Point Injections Improve Pain Scores in Women With Pelvic Floor Hypertonicity and Pelvic Pain Conditions
Authors: Bartley Jamie , Han Esther , Gupta Priyanka , Gaines Natalie , Killinger Kim A. , Boura Judith A. , Farrah Morgan , Gilleran Jason , Sirls Larry T. , Peters Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2019

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2019;25:392–396)
About 1 in 7 women in the United States has chronic pelvic pain. This condition has a negative impact on quality of life as a result of significant physical, emotional, and psychological effects.
Critical ischemia and myonecrotic sepsis following scapulothoracic dissociation in the setting of apparent hand perfusion
Authors: Labrum Joseph T. , Desai Mihir J. , Naslund Thomas C. , Obremskey William T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Scapulothoracic dissociation is a rare and devastating injury to the shoulder girdle. It is often caused by traction or severe blunt trauma injury to the upper extremity and is associated with both neurologic and vascular injuries. Scapulothoracic dissociation is a highly morbid and rare injury pattern that is often seen in conjunction with other traumatic injuries. The authors describe a case of scapulothoracic dissociation with associated complete brachial plexus injury and subclavian artery injury that was complicated by hypoperfusion, myonecrosis, and subsequent polymicrobial infection of the affected limb in the setting of a warm hand with brisk capillary refill. While capillary refill and hand warmth in the setting of a pulseless extremity have been used in previous cases of scapulothoracic dissociation as an indication for limb perfusion and nonoperative management, these markers cannot reliably be used to evaluate collateral circulation as exemplified in this case report. This case highlights multiple important aspects of the evaluation and management of scapulothoracic dissociation that orthopaedic surgeons and vascular surgeons should be familiar with and utilize when dealing with these challenging injuries.

Level of Evidence: V
Self-sustained regimes of liquid aerosol detonation
Authors: Girin Oleksandr G. 
Published: December 2019

Main problem of detonation theory, self-sustained regimes finding, is solved for liquid aerosols. Combustion modelling is performed at two scale levels, where the irreversible processes such as aerosol atomization, daughter droplets' evaporation and chemical energy release kinetics are represented at the lower scale. Instability of flow in conjugated boundary layers at drop surface is adopted as mechanism of aerosol atomization. Vapour mixing with oxidizer forms combustible moles, whose chemical induction times are calculated individually, so that the moles are stack-ordered. At the upper scale, equations of overall motion of two-velocity, two-temperature, five-component reacting medium are composed. Two key aspects of the main problem are considered: (i) detonation wave structure in stationary zone is calculated and analysed and (ii) self-sustained regime velocities are determined. The first reveals the existence of two mixture burning modes: explosive kinetic and smooth diffusive, which are separated by conclusive micro-explosion. The second shows the existence of only two front velocity values in aerosol system, at which the interphase processes provide fulfilment of Zeldovich's necessary condition. Explanation is found for incomplete burnout regime: it stands on specific balance between the rate ratio of physical-to-chemical processes, which is reached at such front velocity, when sonic state is attained exactly after the conclusive micro-explosion.
ppGpp functions as an alarmone in metazoa
Authors: Ito Doshun , Kawamura Hinata , Oikawa Akira , Ihara Yuta , Shibata Toshio , Nakamura Nobuhiro , Asano Tsunaki , Kawabata Shun-Ichiro , Suzuki Takashi , Masuda Shinji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGuanosine 3’,5’-bis(pyrophosphate) (ppGpp) functions as a second messenger in bacteria to adjust their physiology in response to environmental changes. In recent years, the ppGpp-specific hydrolase, metazoan SpoT homolog-1 (Mesh1), was shown to have important roles for growth under nutrient deficiency inDrosophila melanogaster. Curiously, however, ppGpp has never been detected in animal cells, and therefore the physiological relevance of this molecule, if any, in metazoans has not been established. Here, we report the detection of ppGpp inDrosophilaand human cells and demonstrate that ppGpp accumulation induces metabolic changes, cell death, and eventually lethality inDrosophila. Our results provide the first evidence of the existence and function of the ppGpp-dependent stringent response in animals.