bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to environmental radionuclides alters mitochondrial DNA maintenance in a wild rodent
Authors: Kesäniemi Jenni , Lavrinienko Anton , Tukalenko Eugene , Moutinho Ana Filipa , Mappes Tapio , Møller Anders Pape , Mousseau Timothy A. , Watts Phillip C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMitochondria are sensitive to oxidative stress, including that derived from ionizing radiation. To quantify the effects of exposure to environmental radionuclides on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) dynamics in wildlife, bank voles (Myodes glareolus) were collected from the chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ), where animals are exposed to elevated levels of radionuclides, and from uncontaminated areas within the CEZ and elsewhere in Ukraine. Brains of bank voles from outside the CEZ were characterized by low mtDNA copy number and low mtDNA damage; by contrast, bank voles within the CEZ had high mtDNA copy number and high mtDNA damage, consistent with putative damaging effects of elevated radiation and a compensatory response to maintain sufficient functioning mitochondria. In animals outside the CEZ, the expression levels of PGC-1α gene and mtDNA copy number were positively correlated as expected from this gene’s prominent role in mitochondrial biogenesis; this PGC-1α-mtDNA copy number association is absent in samples from the CEZ. Our data imply that exposure to radionuclides is associated with altered mitochondrial dynamics, evident in level of mtDNA and mtDNA damage and the level of activity in mitochondrial synthesis.
Mainstreamed genetic testing of breast cancer patients in two hospitals in South Eastern Norway
Authors: Grindedal Eli Marie , Jørgensen Kjersti , Olsson Pernilla , Gravdehaug Berit , Lurås Hilde , Schlichting Ellen , Vamre Tone , Wangensteen Teresia , Heramb Cecilie , Mæhle Lovise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies have shown that a significant number of eligible breast cancer patients are not offered genetic testing or referral to genetic counseling. To increase access to genetic testing in South Eastern Norway, testing has since 2014 been offered directly to breast cancer patients by surgeons and oncologists. This practice is termed “mainstreamed genetic testing”. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent patients in South Eastern Norway are offered testing. Three hundred and sixty one patients diagnosed in 2016 and 2017 at one regional and one university hospital in South Eastern Norway were included. Data on whether the patients fulfilled the criteria, whether they had been offered testing and if they were tested were collected. In total, 26.6% (96/361) fulfilled the criteria for testing. Seventy five percent (69/92) of these were offered testing, and 71.7% (66/92) were tested. At the university hospital, 90.2% (37/41) of eligible patients were offered testing, and at the regional hospital 62.7% (32/51). Fifty two percent (12/23) of eligible patient not offered testing were younger than 50 years at time of diagnosis. As many as 95.4% (125/131) of all patients who were offered testing, wanted to be tested. The majority of patients who fulfilled the criteria were offered testing, supporting the practice of mainstreamed genetic testing. There were nevertheless differences in rates of testing between the hospitals that affected all groups of patients, indicating that genetic testing may not be equally accessible to all patients. We suggest that efforts should be made to increase awareness and improve routines for genetic testing of breast cancer patients in Norway.
Thermophysical Properties of Lithium Aluminum Germanium Phosphate with Different Compositions
Authors: Rohde Magnus , Cui Yuantao , Ziebert Carlos , Seifert Hans Jürgen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe NASICON system LAGP (Li1+xAlxGe2−x (PO4)3 was studied, which is a candidate material for solid state electrolytes. LAGP substrates with different compositions (x = 0.3–0.7) were prepared using a melt quenching route with subsequent heat treatment. In order to develop a better understanding of the relationships between the structure and the ionic as well as the thermal conductivity, respectively, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The ionic conductivity was measured using impedance spectroscopy while the thermal diffusivity and the specific heat were determined by Laser Flash technique and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Additionally, thermal analysis was performed in order to evaluate the thermal stability a higher temperatures and, also to identify the optimum temperature range of the thermal post-processing. The measured values of the ionic conductivities were in the range of 10−4 Ω−1·cm−1 to 10−3 Ω−1·cm−1 at room temperature, but exhibited an increasing behavior as a function of temperature reaching a level of the order 10−2 Ω−1· cm−1 above 200 °C. The thermal conductivity varies only slowly as a function of temperature but its level depends on the composition. The apparent specific heat depends also on the composition and exhibits enthalpy changes due to phase transitions at higher temperatures for LAGP samples with x > 0.5. The compositional dependencies of the ionic and thermal transport properties are not simply correlated. However, the compound with the highest Li-doping level shows the highest ionic conductivity but the lowest thermal conductivity, while the lowest doping level is associated with highest thermal conductivity but the lowest ionic conductivity.
Diagrams for Navya-Nyāya
Authors: Burton Jim 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough a number of authors have used diagrams extensively in their studies of Navya-Nyāya, they have done so to explain and illustrate concepts, not with the goal of reasoning with the diagrams themselves. Adherents of diagrammatic reasoning have made claims for its potential by pointing to key structural correspondences between diagrams and logical concepts, arguably lacking in sentential representations, and describing these relations using concepts such as “well matchedness” and “iconicity”. A canonical example of this iconicity is the use of Euler diagrams to depict categorical syllogisms. Since the meaning of expressions in Indian logic differs in so many important ways from logic in the Western tradition, the use or adaptation of diagrams developed in the latter would seem to preclude iconicity. Thus, the development of diagrams which reflect the nature of inference in Navya-Nyāya, which centres on the anumāna inference schema, is motivated. In this paper we extend Ganeri’s method of depicting the Vaiśeṣika ontology with graphs to include syntax intended to expose the nature of anumāna. The diagrams are given a formal basis: i.e. abstract syntax, inference rules defined abstractly and a graph-theoretic semantics. These are the first formalised logical diagrams that aim to reflect the nature of the anumāna inference. This paper lays the way for further work in extending the formalism to cover more of Navya-Nyāya, and in exploring a dialogue between properties of the formalism and of Navya-Nyāya.
Performance of a closed-loop glucose control system, comprising a continuous glucose monitoring system and an AI-based controller in swine during severe hypo- and hyperglycemic provocations
Authors: DeJournett Jeremy , Nekludov Michael , DeJournett Leon , Wallin Mats 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntensive care unit (ICU) patients develop stress induced insulin resistance causing hyperglycemia, large glucose variability and hypoglycemia. These glucose metrics have all been associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. The only way to achieve safe glucose control at a lower glucose range (e.g., 4.4–6.6 mmol/L) will be through use of an autonomous closed loop glucose control system (artificial pancreas). Our goal with the present study was to assess the safety and performance of an artificial pancreas system, composed of the EIRUS (Maquet Critical Care AB) continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and novel artificial intelligence-based glucose control software, in a swine model using unannounced hypo- and hyperglycemia challenges. Fourteen piglets (6 control, 8 treated) underwent sequential unannounced hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic challenges with 3 IU of NovoRapid and a glucose infusion at 17 mg/kg/min over the course of 5 h. In the Control animals an experienced ICU physician used every 30-min blood glucose values to maintain control to a range of 4.4–9 mmol/L. In the Treated group the artificial pancreas system attempted to maintain blood glucose control to a range of 4.4–6.6 mmol/L. Five of six Control animals and none of eight Treated animals experienced severe hypoglycemia (< 2.22 mmol/L). The area under the curve 3.5 mmol/L was 28.9 (21.1–54.2) for Control and 4.8 (3.1–5.2) for the Treated animals. The total percent time within tight glucose control range, 4.4–6.6 mmol/L, was 32.8% (32.4–47.1) for Controls and 55.4% (52.9–59.4) for Treated (p < 0.034). Data are median and quartiles. The artificial pancreas system abolished severe hypoglycemia and outperformed the experienced ICU physician in avoiding clinically significant hypoglycemic excursions.
New bounding schemes and algorithmic options for the Branch-and-Sandwich algorithm
Authors: Paulavičius R. , Adjiman C. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe consider the global solution of bilevel programs involving nonconvex functions. Deterministic global optimization algorithms for the solution of this challenging class of optimization problems have started to emerge over the last few years. We present new schemes to generate valid bounds on the solution of nonconvex inner and outer problems and examine new strategies for branching and node selection. We integrate these within the Branch-and-Sandwich algorithm (Kleniati and Adjiman in J Glob Opt 60:425–458, 2014), which is based on a branch-and-bound framework and enables the solution of a wide range of problems, including those with nonconvex inequalities and equalities in the inner problem. The impact of the proposed modifications is demonstrated on an illustrative example and 10 nonconvex bilevel test problems from the literature. It is found that the performance of the algorithm is improved for all but one problem (where the CPU time is increased by 2%), with an average reduction in CPU time of 39%. For the two most challenging problems, the CPU time required is decreased by factors of over 3 and 10.
Novel Starch/Chitosan/Aloe Vera Composites as Promising Biopackaging Materials
Authors: Bajer Dagmara , Janczak Katarzyna , Bajer Krzysztof 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEdible films based on potato starch, chitosan and Aloe vera gel (AV) as modifiers were evaluated towards their potential application in food or cosmetics industry. The films, with different AV gel concentration were prepared by casting method. The influence of UV radiation on samples chemical structure was analyzed. The surface morphology was observed with AFM method. The chemical structure and molecular arrangement of mixture components were analyzed with ATR–FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Hydrogen bond interactions among the film components, conformational rearrangements as well as changes in crystallinity degree were confirmed. A study of thermal resistance showed the delay of degradation observed together with an increase AV gel amount and after UV-irradiation. The hydrophilic character of the samples was proved. Water solubility slightly depends on the AV concentration in films, and it decrease after UV-irradiation. All the samples with AV gain the increase resistance to microbial action.
Return to Work for Mental Ill-Health: A Scoping Review Exploring the Impact and Role of Return-to-Work Coordinators
Authors: MacEachen E. , McDonald E. , Neiterman E. , McKnight E. , Malachowski C. , Crouch M. , Varatharajan S. , Dali N. , Giau E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose This scoping review was completed to explore the role and impact of having a return-to-work (RTW) coordinator when dealing with individuals with common mental ill-health conditions. Methods Peer reviewed articles published in English between 2000 and 2018 were considered. Our research team reviewed all articles to determine if an analytic focus on RTW coordinator and mental ill-health was present; consensus on inclusion was reached for all articles. Data were extracted for all relevant articles and synthesized for outcomes of interest. Results Our search of six databases yielded 1798 unique articles; 5 articles were found to be relevant. The searched yielded only quantitative studies. Of those, we found that studies grouped mental ill-health conditions together, did not consider quality of life, and used different titles to describe RTW coordinators. Included articles described roles of RTW coordinators but did not include information on their strategies and actions. Included articles suggest that RTW interventions for mental ill-health that utilize a RTW coordinator may result in delayed time to RTW. Conclusions Our limited findings suggest that interventions for mental ill-health that employ RTW coordinators may be more time consuming than conventional approaches and may not increase RTW rate or worker’s self-efficacy for RTW. Research on this topic with long-term outcomes and varied research designs (including qualitative) is needed, as well as studies that clearly define RTW coordinator roles and strategies, delineate results by mental health condition, and address the impact of RTW coordinators on workers’ quality of life.
In situ synthesis of epoxy nanocomposites with hierarchical surface-modified SiO2 clusters
Authors: Adnan Mohammed Mostafa , Tveten Erlend Grytli , Miranti Rany , Hvidsten Sverre , Ese Marit-Helen Glomm , Glaum Julia , Einarsrud Mari-Ann 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPolymer nanocomposites are often produced using in situ approaches where an inorganic filler (as the dispersed phase) is synthesized directly in an organic matrix. Such an approach generally leads to improved dispersion and reduced agglomeration of the filler material. Epoxy-based nanocomposites have demonstrated promising properties for application as high-voltage insulation materials. In this work, a sol–gel based method has been adapted to synthesize surface-functionalized SiO2 in situ in epoxy. The synthesized SiO2 moieties were dispersed in clusters of 10–80 nm, and formed chemical bonds with the epoxy monomers via a silane coupling agent. Raman spectra show the formation of four-membered D1 rings, which may be part of a cage-like structure similar to that of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). SAXS measurements indicate that the SiO2 clusters consist of a hierarchical structure with an increasing fractal dimension with increasing SiO2 content. The nanocomposites displayed improved thermal stability, while the glass transition behavior varied depending on the structure and content of the SiO2 moieties. While the relative permittivity showed no significant changes from that of pure epoxy, the onset of the dielectric relaxation changed with the SiO2 structure and content, similar to the behavior observed for the glass transition.
Transformative experience and the shark problem
Authors: Campbell Tim , Mosquera Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn her ground-breaking and highly influential book Transformative Experience, L.A. Paul makes two claims: (1) one cannot evaluate and compare certain experiential outcomes (e.g. being a parent and being a non-parent) unless one can grasp what these outcomes are like; and (2) one can evaluate and compare certain intuitively horrible outcomes (e.g. being eaten alive by sharks) as bad and worse than certain other outcomes even if one cannot grasp what these intuitively horrible outcomes are like. We argue that the conjunction of these two claims leads to an implausible discontinuity in the evaluability of outcomes. One implication of positing such a discontinuity is that evaluative comparisons of outcomes will not be proportionally sensitive to variation in the underlying features of these outcomes. This puts pressure on Paul to abandon either (1) or (2). But (1) is central to her view and (2) is very hard to deny. We call this the Shark Problem.
Does Culture Make a Better Citizen? Exploring the Relationship Between Cultural and Civic Participation in Italy
Authors: Campagna Desirée , Caperna Giulio , Montalto Valentina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn the last decades, policy discussions have increasingly considered participation in arts and cultural activities as a vehicle to reach broader social policy goals, such as social inclusion or active citizenship. However, convincing empirical evidence on the social impacts of arts and culture is still scarce. In particular, little attention has been given to the impact that cultural participation may have on individuals’ engagement in civil society, especially in Europe. In order to address this lack of evidence, this paper explores the connection between cultural participation and civic participation in Italy using Likert-scale data collected in the ISTAT “Aspetti della Vita Quotidiana” Survey (2014). To do so, two composite indicators—the participation in cultural life indicator and the participation in civic life indicator—have been built using an approach based on partial order theory and the concept of Average Rank. The effect of cultural participation on civic engagement has been estimated using a quantile regression model which controls for potentially cofounding factors such as education, income, age and gender. Results do confirm that participation in arts and cultural activities is highly correlated with participation in civic life. It is particularly worth noticing that at higher levels of civic participation, cultural participation has a positive and strong effect on civic engagement of people having a low educational level.
Intervention zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz älterer Menschen – Ergebnisse des Projekts „GeWinn“
Authors: Zastrow Felix , Killenberg Alvia , Klünder Cornelia , Ladebeck Nadine , Langner Sandra , Neher Katrin , Schimmelpfennig Maria , Zeiler Tina , Baumgarten Kerstin , Hassel Holger 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studien belegen, dass die Bevölkerungsgruppe der Personen ab 65 Jahren über eine unzureichende Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) verfügt. Es gibt nur wenige kommunale Angebote zur Stärkung der GK für diese Adressaten.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war die Entwicklung und Erprobung einer GK-Intervention in den Bereichen Gesundheitsförderung und Selbstmanagement chronischer Erkrankungen älterer Menschen im kommunalen Setting.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde ein 53-wöchiges Programm mit selbstständig arbeitenden Senior*innengruppen und Peer-Moderation in 14 Gemeinden Bayerns und Sachsen-Anhalts partizipativ entwickelt und umgesetzt. Die Wirkung der Intervention auf die Gesundheitskompetenz wurde anhand eines quasiexperimentellen Evaluationsdesigns zu 3 Messzeitpunkten mittels des HLS-EU-Q16 untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Von den 183 eingeschlossenen Personen (Durchschnittsalter: 69,1 ± 6,7 Jahre; 20,8 % männlich) verfügten 44,1 % der Teilnehmenden (TN) und 34,5 % der Gruppenleitung (GL) zu Beginn der Intervention über eine unzureichende oder problematische GK (am Ende: 36,4 % der TN, 27,6 % der GL). Eine ANOVA mit Messwiederholung (F [1,91, 346,85] = 16,95, p < 0,001, partielles η2 = 0,085) ergab einen statistisch signifikanten Effekt der Intervention auf die GK-Werte der Senior*innen. Ähnliche Effekte zeigten sich auch in den einzelnen Subdimensionen der GK.

Diskussion
Die Struktur der GeWinn-Intervention mit dem Prinzip selbstständig arbeitender Gruppen in Kommunen eignet sich zur Steigerung der Gesundheitskompetenz älterer Menschen. Im Zuge der nachhaltigen Verankerung sollten in Zukunft verstärkt vulnerable Zielgruppen (bspw. Senior*innen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus, Migranten) angesprochen und einbezogen werden.
Konzeption und Durchführung von Workshops zur Förderung der Gesundheitskompetenz von SchülerInnen der Sekundarstufe I
Authors: Maitz Katharina , Gasteiger-Klicpera Barbara 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Förderung von Gesundheitskompetenz stellt eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen dar. Gesundheitskompetenz wird definiert als die Fähigkeit, Gesundheitsinformationen zu finden, zu verstehen, zu bewerten und anzuwenden und hängt eng mit kritischer Informationskompetenz sowie mit Lesekompetenz zusammen. Da Jugendliche Gesundheitsinformationen verstärkt aus dem Internet beziehen, sind auch digitale Kompetenzen von hoher Relevanz.Ziel und FragestellungDas Ziel des Projekts bestand in der Förderung von kritischer Gesundheitskompetenz bei Jugendlichen im Rahmen von partizipativen Workshops unter Einbindung pädagogisch-psychologischer, medizinischer und technologischer Expertise.Materialien und MethodenIm Mittelpunkt des didaktischen Konzepts stand die partizipative Erarbeitung der Inhalte gemeinsam mit den SchülerInnen. Auf der Basis von Fallvignetten und Dilemmadiskussionen wurden unterschiedliche gesundheitsrelevante Themen mit den Jugendlichen erarbeitet. Zudem wurde kritische Recherchekompetenz thematisiert sowie Strategien zur Förderung des Leseverständnisses genutzt.ErgebnisseDie qualitative Evaluation zeigt, dass Jugendliche Gesundheitskompetenz als relevantes und wichtiges Thema betrachten, das für sie jedoch mit vielen Fragen verbunden ist. Sie benötigen die Expertise von fachlich kompetenten Ansprechpersonen, mit denen sie diese Fragen in partnerschaftlicher Weise diskutieren und sensible Punkte ansprechen können.DiskussionDamit die Workshops erfolgreich sein können, bedarf es eines schlüssigen didaktischen Konzepts, das mit den Lehrpersonen gut akkordiert ist und bei dessen Umsetzung auf umfassende Expertise im medizinischen, pädagogisch-didaktischen und digitalen Bereich zurückgegriffen werden kann.
Ein Ansatz zur Vorhersage der Erststimmenanteile bei Bundestagswahlen
Authors: Neunhoeffer Marcel , Gschwend Thomas , Munzert Simon , Stoetzer Lukas F. 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungNahezu die Hälfte der Bundestagsmandate wird über die Direktwahl in den Wahlkreisen vergeben. Das bleibt in einem Großteil der Wahlprognosemodelle jedoch unberücksichtigt. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Ansatz zur Vorhersage der Erststimmenanteile in Wahlkreisen für Bundestagswahlen vor. Dazu kombinieren wir das Zweitstimmenvorhersagemodell von zweitstimme.org mit zwei Erststimmenmodellen, einer linearen Regression und einem künstlichen neuronalen Netzwerk, welche Kandidierenden- und Wahlkreischarakteristika zur Vorhersage nutzen. Für unseren Ansatz sind alle verwendeten Daten vor der jeweiligen Wahl öffentlich verfügbar und somit für eine echte Vorhersage nutzbar. Das Modell kann so bei künftigen Wahlen wertvolle Informationen für Kandidierende und die interessierte Öffentlichkeit bereitstellen. Die Vorhersagen sind darüber hinaus auch für erklärende Forschung relevant: Mithilfe der resultierenden Gewinnwahrscheinlichkeiten lassen sich bessere Messinstrumente zur Charakterisierung der Kompetitivität eines Wahlkreises und der zu erwartenden Knappheit des Wahlkreisrennens erstellen, welche politisches Verhalten beeinflussen können. Zudem erlaubt die Vorhersage, empirische Aussagen zur zu erwartenden Größe des Bundestags sowie seiner personellen Zusammensetzung zu treffen.
Delta Invariants of Singular del Pezzo Surfaces
Authors: Cheltsov Ivan , Park Jihun , Shramov Constantin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe use the methods introduced by Cheltsov–Rubinstein–Zhang (Sel Math (N.S.) 25(2):25–34, 2019) to estimate $$\delta $$
δ
-invariants of the seven singular del Pezzo surfaces with quotient singularities studied by Cheltsov–Park–Shramov (J Geom Anal 20(4):787–816, 2010) that have $$\alpha $$
α
-invariants less than $$\frac{2}{3}$$

2
3

. As a result, we verify that each of these surfaces admits an orbifold Kähler–Einstein metric.