bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Equation for Rise in Superheat by Adding Electrolyte
Authors: Jennings John H. 
Published: August 2020

For many liquids, the limit of superheat is 0.89 Tc, where Tc = temperature Kelvin at critical point. The rise in the limit of superheat by addition of polymer has a formula, B’, derived by Jennings, and this paper makes use of a pattern to predict the formula for rise in superheat by adding electrolyte, B. The equations for boiling point elevation by addition of electrolyte, A, and polymer, A’, are known, so we make use of a proportion and solve for the unknown, B, thus: B= (A/A’) x B’ to get the equation.
A, A’ and B’ all have the phase change temperature squared at 1 atmosphere pressure in the numerator times the ratio of the molecular weight solvent divided by the product of the density of solvent times molecular weight solute in the expression that equals lim c--->0 (dT/dc) giving the limiting slope of rise in temperature versus concentration solute. The van’t Hoff factor is included. The proposed formula B for RISE IN SUPERHEAT BY ADDITION OF ELECTROLYTE is:

lim c--->0 (dT/dc)s, electrolyte = (3 k MW1 Ts 2 i) / (ρ1 σ1 a MW2(e)).
Application of Call Centre as COVID 19 Alert and Surveillance System in Pastoralist Communities of Somali Region of Ethiopia
Authors: Oladeji Olusola , Oladeji Bibilola , Ismail Abibakar Sheikaden , Abdi Ahmed 
Published: August 2020

Aims: Ethiopia recorded the first confirmed case of COVID 19 pandemic on 13th March 2020 and the surveillance and alert systems were immediately activated. In Somali Region, the toll-free call center was used as alert and surveillance system in addition to the routine health facility surveillance system because of poor coverage of health facilities and pastoral lifestyle in the region.
Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review of COVID 19 alerts and surveillance database.
Place and Duration of Study: Somali Region between 13th March and 30th June 2020.
Methodology: A retrospective chart review of alert database from the two COVID 19 alert and surveillance systems. The sensitivity for each system was calculated as the proportion of confirmed cases and test of association was done using chi-square test at significant level of 5%.
Results: 414 alerts were reported during the study period, 259( 62.5%) alerts from the toll-free call centre,(49.3%) of which met the criteria as suspected cases and 22(8.5%) confirmed positive for COVID compared to 155( 37.5%) alerts from the health facilities,145(50.7%) of which met the criteria as suspected cases and 43(27.7%) confirmed positive. The positivity rate was statistically significant, p=0.045. However, alerts were received from all the 11 zones in the region through the call centre compared to six zones through the health facilities.
Conclusion: The call centre is an effective system with wide coverage for monitoring alerts and can be explored as a long-term surveillance system during disease outbreaks and other public health interventions post COVID pandemic.
Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate Using Full Age Spectrum Equation to Assess Kidney Function in Hypertensive Patients: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Chand Balkar , Bhatia Lovleen , Vohra Kanchan 
Published: August 2020

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is accepted as the best indicator of kidney function and commonly assessed from serum creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (Cys-C) based equations. The present cross-sectional, observational study aimed to assess eGFR using a new and validated Full Age Spectrum (FAS) equation and compared with eGFR assessed using old and established equations in hypertensive patients.
Materials and Methods: Overall, 60 subjects were recruited for the study, including 30 hypertensive patients and 30 age and sex matched healthy subjects. Serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured using commercial biochemical kits. These levels were used to derive and compare eGFR using our different equations, namely, Cockcroft and Gault (CG), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease-epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), and FAS equation. Student t-test was used for comparison between two groups and One-way ANOVA test was used to find multiple comparison with-in the hypertensive and control group. Pearson’s Univariate correlation followed by multiple linear regression analysis was applied to find independent predictors of eGFR. All data were analyzed using Sigma-Stat.
Results: There was significant difference found in the eGFR levels using different equations in hypertensive subjects as compared to healthy subjects (P<0.01). With–in hypertensive subjects and with-in heathy subjects, a significant difference was also reported (both P<0.01). For FAS-based GFR, age was found as independent predictor of eGFR by all FAS equations. eGFR estimated using Cr based equations resulted in significant difference in categorizing number of subjects into CKD v/s non-CKD depending on their eGFR levels. But there was no difference found for the above in serum cystatin C based equations (P=0.26).
Conclusion: Present data showed that eGFR derived using all set of equations resulted in variable eGFR levels. But, use of Cr based equations instead of Cys-C or combine Cr-Cys based equations resulted in wide variation i.e. change in GFR due to change in marker.
Os rumos da educação em questão: da “hegemonia às avessas” à crise de hegemonia
Authors: Silveira Zuleide Simas da 
Published: August 2020

<p>Este texto busca evidenciar os traços de continuidade e descontinuidade entre os sucessivos mandatos de governos neoliberais, no Brasil, dos anos 1990 até os dias que correm, e suas implicações no campo educacional. Para cumprir com desafio, emprega categorias analíticas como capitalismo dependente, fascismo dependente, hegemonia às avessas e crise de hegemonia, tendo como mediações as ações governamentais em torno das políticas macro e microeconômicas, apontando para a contínua perda de direitos sociais e subjetivos da classe trabalhadora e para os processos de privatização e mercadorização da educação.</p><p> </p>
Gd (III) DOTA‐Functionalized Phthalocyanine Nanodots for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Wu Fengshou , Chen Jingwen , Li Haolan , Li Cheng , Wang Han , Liu Genyan , Luo Xiaogang , Zhu Xunjin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe development of organic nanoagents that integrate diagnosis and therapy has gained considerable attention over the last decades. Here, phthalocyanine‐based nanodots (ZnPc‐NDs) are developed through a facile hydrothermal method. The self‐aggregation of molecules in nanostructures facilitates the fluorescence quenching and nonradiative heat generation. Accordingly, ZnPc‐NDs display the photodynamic and photothermal effect simultaneously upon near‐infrared laser irradiation. To endow ZnPc‐NDs with the diagnostic function, the surface of nanodots is functionalized with Gd(III) chelates to yield ZnPc‐Gd, providing the magnetic resonance performances. The biocompatibility and high photocytoxicity of ZnPc‐Gd toward HeLa cells are verified through the cell counting kit‐8 method. Due to the presence of paramagnetic metal, ZnPc‐Gd exhibits a distinct magnetic resonance signal in vitro and in vivo. Upon irradiation with a 808 nm laser, ZnPc‐Gd can efficiently inhibit the growth of tumors with minor side effects. Thus, the as‐prepared ZnPc‐Gd can be utilized as a promising nanoagent for magnetic resonance imaging‐guided cancer phototherapy.
Bioinspired Melanin‐Based Optically Active Materials
Authors: Xiao Ming , Shawkey Matthew D. , Dhinojwala Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMelanin is a widespread multifunctional biological pigment that has emerged as a promising platform for applications in coating, catalysis, energy, drug delivery, and medical therapy. Melanin is also a compelling material for photonic applications because of its favorable material characteristics, including broadband absorption, high refractive index, tunable fluorescence, and UV blocking capabilities. However, there is not yet a critical review focusing on optical functions of melanin. This review summarizes current advances in bioinspired melanin‐based optically active materials, covering melanin's inherent optical properties and functions both in nature and in optics‐related applications. It is envisioned that this work will provide a better understanding of melanin's photonic functions and insights into the future development of melanin‐based or melanin‐inspired optically active materials for wide applications.
Gene Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Highlighting the Journey from Theory to Clinical Applications
Authors: Younis Mahmoud A. , Khalil Ikramy A. , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTreatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently limited to early stages where surgical intervention is applicable. Meanwhile, the response for most chemotherapies is still low, leaving patients in advanced stages without an effective therapeutic approach. Other therapeutic strategies based on immunotherapies or radiotherapy have a narrow spectrum with multiple limitations. These collective drawbacks necessitate the development of alternative strategies. Gene therapy has achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of several diseases, especially tumors. In the current review, a discussion is provided on the various strategies that have been developed for HCC gene therapy, the functional and genetic materials used, and their diverse delivery systems, with a special focus on novel targeting strategies based on biomaterials, peptide libraries, and aptamers. In addition, animal models that have been used in preclinical evaluation of HCC gene therapies are highlighted and compared. Lastly, ongoing clinical trials and future perspectives for these strategies are discussed.
Intrinsically Stretchable and Self‐Healing Electroconductive Composites Based on Supramolecular Organic Polymer Embedded with Copper Microparticles
Authors: Yeasmin Rubaya , Duy Le Thai , Han Seungik , Seo Hyungtak 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegration of electrical conductivity, stretchability, and self‐healing properties of electronic material is a promising way to meet the criteria for developing next‐generation technologies ranging from ordinary sustainable electronics to high‐tech human–machine interfaces. To this particular purpose, a cost‐effective composite material having simultaneous functionalities of electrical conductivity, stretchability, and self‐healability based on supramolecular organic polymer and copper microparticles is presented. The composite can be mass‐produced via the sol–gel method and is tunable by adjusting the copper loading. Electrical and mechanical characterizations show that the composite material owns not only a high stretchability (≥120%) but also an excellent self‐healability at ambient conditions within 5 min. The healing efficiency is about 90% for its mechanical property and almost 100% for its electrical properties. Besides, the electrical properties are found in the range of semiconductors that can be restored upon five cutting–healing cycles. One‐step further, the developed material is utilized to fabricate a wearable strain sensor. Also, real‐time human motion detection is demonstrated using the fabricated sensor. These results exhibit the potential of the material for developing self‐healing electronic devices and show promising directions in the field of wearable and sustainable electronics, human–machine interfaces.
Fraise mowing can improve herbicidal control of bermudagrass
Authors: Richardson Michael D. , Brosnan James T. , McCalla John H. , Breeden Gregory K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHerbicide control options for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers or C. dactylon x C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] include non‐selective herbicides such as glyphosate (N‐[phosphonomethyl] glycine), as well as selective graminicides such as fenoxaprop (Fenoxaprop‐P‐ethy) and fluazifop (Fluazifop‐P‐butyl). Regardless of the herbicide used, effective bermudagrass control can only be achieved with repeated applications. Fraise mowing has been recently introduced into the turfgrass industry and these machines can remove thatch and growing points down to a depth of 5.0 cm. Our hypothesis was that if a high percentage of the growing points of a bermudagrass stand were physically removed with fraise mowing, the remaining growing points would be more easily controlled with various herbicides. Six trials were conducted over two seasons to determine if fraise mowing and herbicides could be used in combination to improve bermudagrass control. Treatments included various combinations and timings of glyphosate (2.74 kg a.i. ha−1) and fluazifop (0.42 kg a.i. ha−1), applied to plots that were fraise mowed to a depth of 3.75 cm or not fraise mowed. Fraise mowing alone physically removed a significant amount of the bermudagrass growing points and provided partial bermudagrass control. A combination of fraise mowing and herbicide generally improved bermudagrass control over the herbicides alone. Herbicides applied after fraise mowing generally provided better bermudagrass control in comparison to applying herbicides prior to fraise mowing. Aggressive fraise mowing appears to be a tool that can improve bermudagrass control and could shorten the overall time window needed to remove existing bermudagrass from a site.
Proof‐of‐Principle Experiment of the Pseudorandom Multiplexing of White‐Pump Light for Spectral Photothermal Microscopy
Authors: Seto Keisuke , Yamada Hiromu , Kobayashi Takayoshi , Tokunaga Eiji 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAbsorption spectroscopy, coupled with photothermal super‐resolution microscopy, is enabled by the frequency division multiplexing of the pump‐light (Pu) wavelength whose spectral component is discriminated by the modulation frequency. This demonstrates a great advantage in availing multicolor image information. However, the response gain of the thermal lens signal to the spectral components is not uniform because of the limited relaxation rate of the thermal lens, i.e., the gains of the components assigned to the high‐frequency modulations are diminished, thus resulting in a distorted absorption spectrum. In this study, white‐pump light (Pu) is multiplexed by pseudonoise sequences (PNSs) to avoid the distortion. The frequency bandwidth of the PNSs is equalized, and the gains of the thermal lens generation to the respective wavelength components are balanced. The obtained results indicate that the modulation‐waveform deformation due to the slow responses of the sample can also distort spectra. To mitigate the problem, the countermeasures required to compensate for this distortion are also discussed.
Long noncoding RNA HCG11 inhibited growth and invasion in cervical cancer by sponging miR‐942‐5p and targeting GFI1
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Jun , Mao Lin , Li Xing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as essential regulators in cancer tumorigenesis. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of lncRNA human leukocyte antigen complex group 11 (HCG11) in cervical cancer (CC) progression. Long noncoding RNA HCG11 was downregulated in CC. Functional assays demonstrated that lncRNA HCG11 inhibited CC cell proliferation and invasion. Then, we confirmed that lncRNA HCG11 could directly bind to miR‐942‐5p. Moreover, inhibition of miR‐942‐5p suppressed the growth and invasion of CC cells, and growth factor‐independent transcription repressor 1 (GFI1) gene was the target gene of miR‐942‐5p. Long noncoding RNA HCG11 increased the expression of GFI1 and suppressed cell proliferation and invasion by acting as a miR‐942‐5p sponge. Finally, the overexpression of lncRNA HCG11 suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of CC cells in vivo.
How interruptions influence our thinking and the role of psychological distance
Authors: Amaral Nelson B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite the growing attention given to the effects of brief interruptions on consumers' judgments and choices, the cognitive processes that underlie for its effects are not yet fully understood. The lack of a unifying mechanism that accounts for previous findings limits the strategic response to interruptions by managers and consumers. This research addresses this gap through a series of studies which reveal that brief interruptions increase the psychological distance that decision makers feel from the task at hand, which impacts the judgments and choices they make. Four experiments investigate the effects of brief interruptions through the use of different interruptions, different participant pools, and different focal tasks. Together, the findings make contributions to the growing literature in interruptions and Construal Level Theory. They also provide managers and decision‐makers with a better understanding of how common, brief interruptions can impact preferences, product choices and consumers' willingness to engage in prosocial behavior.
An unusual case of secondary syphilis misdiagnosed as allergic dermatitis for 2 years
Authors: Wang Hong‐wei , Chen Ren‐he , Zhang Ru‐zhi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDermatologists should be aware that the clinical manifestations of syphilis are very complex and changeable. Unilaterally distributed skin lesions and painless lip ulcers may also be the clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis.
Interactions of mono spermine porphyrin derivative with DNAs
Authors: Gaeta Massimiliano , Farini Salvatore , Gangemi Chiara M.A. , Purrello Roberto , D'Urso Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this work, we have characterized the interactions of monospermine porphyrin derivative with calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) and poly (dG‐dC)2 in both B and Z conformation. By several spectroscopic techniques (UV–vis, electronic circular dichroism and resonance light scattering), the binding modes of monospermine porphyrin derivative with different DNA sequences have been elucidated. In the presence of ct‐DNA, the porphyrin binds along the external double helix as well as in the presence of B conformation of poly (dG‐dC)2. Whilst when the Z form of the poly (dG‐dC)2 is induced, a slight intercalation of the porphyrin between the basis has been detected.
Widespread involvement of purpura related to gastrointestinal involvements in adults with immunoglobulin A vasculitis
Authors: Kubota Noriko , Inoue Sae , Saito Akimasa , Tanaka Ryota , Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Ishitsuka Yosuke , Furuta Jun‐ichi , Fujisawa Yasuhiro , Okiyama Naoko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImmunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a type of vasculitis affecting small vessels with deposition of immune complexes consisting of IgA and complement component 3. IgAV involves the skin, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, joints, and kidneys. Adult patients have higher risks of gastrointestinal tract involvement than children. To investigate the risk factors of the GI tract involvements in adult IgAV patients, we enrolled 29 adult (aged ≥ 20 years) Japanese patients recently (from 2013 to 2019) histopathologically diagnosed with IgAV and classified them into the GI lesion (+) group and the GI lesion (−) group. All patients presented with purpura on the lower extremities; moreover, GI lesion (+) patients presented significantly more with extensive purpura on the upper extremities, and low levels of factor XIII activity (≤70%) than gastrointestinal lesion (−) patients (87.5% vs 28.6% [P = .004]; odds ratio [OR], 17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4 to 366], and 57.1% vs 14.3% [P = .04]; OR, 8; 95% CI, 1.06 to 83.9, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the populations with extensive purpura on the trunk, arthralgia, hematuria, proteinuria, or elevated serum levels of C‐reactive protein or IgA. Widespread purpura on the upper extremities accompanied by a low factor XIII activity is a suggestive factor for severe GI lesions in adult IgAV patients.
Production and Use of Sustainable C2‐C4 Alcohols – An Industrial Perspective
Authors: Gehrmann Stefan , Tenhumberg Nils 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn the recent past, society has become increasingly aware of the environmental impact of political and corporate action. Hence, several industrial sectors are currently undergoing a transition to more sustainable products and processes. Sustainable production processes for C2‐C4 alcohols can help to decrease the environmental impacts of large downstream markets such as fuels and polymers. However, a reliable and consistent framework is needed for companies to further develop and commercialize these processes. Furthermore, standardized procedures for determining the sustainability of a process are essential in evaluating the environmental benefits.
Within and between associations of nonverbal synchrony in relation to Grawe's general mechanisms of change
Authors: Prinz Jessica , Boyle Kaitlyn , Ramseyer Fabian , Kabus Wolf , Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe examination of nonverbal synchrony has become a promising line of psychotherapy research. Although several studies have found between‐dyad associations between nonverbal synchrony and multidimensional outcomes, the findings remain heterogeneous, and within‐dyad effects remain to be investigated. The present study examines within and between effects of nonverbal synchrony on mastery, resource activation, problem actuation, and motivational clarification (Grawe's general mechanisms of change). Four‐hundred and twenty‐three videotaped sessions of 175 patients were analysed using motion energy analysis (MEA), providing values to quantify nonverbal synchrony in the patient–therapist dyad. Grawe's general mechanisms of change in psychotherapy were rated using the Inventory of Therapeutic Interventions and Skills (ITIS). On average, patient–therapist nonverbal synchrony was greater than chance. Hierarchical linear modelling revealed that nonverbal synchrony was significantly associated with higher mastery and less resource activation on the within‐dyad level. Nonverbal synchrony was not associated with problem actuation or motivational clarification, and in general, no associations were found on the between‐dyad level. The results demonstrate the importance of disentangling within and between effects of nonverbal synchrony and provide initial evidence that nonverbal synchrony is tied to the specific therapeutic strategies observed in psychotherapy sessions.