bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise Level and its Sources in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Selected Public Hospitals in Kigali City
Authors: Dusabe Ruth , Muhayimana Alice , Mujawimana Patrice , Meharry Pamela 
Published: September 2020

Background
Noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has an impact on the developmental progress of neonates, especially preterm. Technology advancement has improved the life of preterm neonates, but also changed NICU into a noisy place.
Objective
To measure the noise levels and identify its sources in NICU at selected public hospitals in Kigali city`
Methods
A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. A sound level meter was used in recording the Sound level in six different locations of the NICUs at five different times. An observational checklist was used to identify possible sources of noise. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA).
Results
Sound levels recorded in all the NICUs were high ranging from 61.8 decibel (dB) to 77.0 dB, greater than the 45 dB recommended by the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP). The maximum noise level was 77.0 dB. Ward rounds had the highest noise levels, and lunchtime had the lowest noise levels in all hospitals. Noise levels were high at the station near the entrance in all NICU rooms.
Conclusion
In all NICUs, the noise level generated was greater than the standard limits established by AAP. Neonates need noise-free environment as excess noise has an impact on their wellbeing.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):115-127
Neonatal Hypothermia: Mothers’ Knowledge and Practice at a Provincial Hospital in Rwanda
Authors: Musabyemariya Emerthe , Mukamana Donatilla , Muteteli Claudine , Uwizeyimana Phoibe , Chironda Geldine , Rajeswaran Lakshmi 
Published: September 2020

Background
Globally, 2.5 million neonates die each year from hypothermia. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers neonatal hypothermia as a decrease of axillary temperature in infants below 36.5° Celsius. New mothers, or the nearest caregivers, should be aware that hypothermia is a newborn danger sign, in order to apply best practices regarding neonatal hypothermia prevention to reduce subsequent mortality.
Objective
To assess mothers’ knowledge and practice of neonatal hypothermia at a selected provincial hospital in Rwanda.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling method were used to select 161 mothers with living babies. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data.
Results
About 97% of mothers had inadequate knowledge, and the majority (83%) had inadequate neonatal hypothermia practices. Predictor variables for knowledge were ANC attendance (OR=1.884, 95% CI=1.675-2.565, p=0.042) and secondary educational level (OR=1.787, 95% CI=1.521-2.187, p=0.032). Practice was significantly associated with educational level (OR=1.787, 95% CI=1.521-2.187, p=0.032).
Conclusion
There is a need to increase a mother's evidence-based practice of neonatal hypothermia. This condition unchecked leads to high-risk life-threatening complications. Prevention should emphasize on observed gaps to decrease deaths related to neonatal hypothermia.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):152-166
O PAPEL DO PENSAMENTO ESPACIAL NA CONSTRUÇÃO DO RACIOCÍNIO GEOGRÁFICO
Authors: Vanzella Castellar Sonia Maria , De Paula Igor Rafael 
Published: September 2020

Nos últimos anos o pensamento espacial foi incorporado como temática a ser estudada na educação geográfica brasileira, o que nos recobrou enorme responsabilidade teórica e metodológica no movimento de compreendermos em que medida ele pode ser uma habilidade a ser desenvolvida e de que modo ele atua como dimensão participante na construção do raciocínio geográfico. Partimos das definições das teorias que fundam o pensamento espacial (GOLLEDGE & SPECTOR, 1978 , LIBEN & DOWNS, 1989, TVERSKY, 1981, entre outros) antes de sua síntese no relatório do National Research Council (2006) para elaborar um relacionamento entre os campos de conhecimentos coerente diante da geografia brasileira e das necessidades que nossos professores e jovens têm, defendendo o pensamento espacial como um conteúdo procedimental-conceitual (Zabala, 1999). Apresentaremos por fim essa ideia dialogando diferentes campos epistêmicos e situações, como possibilidade de contribuição teórica e prática para a Educação Geográfica, reforçando a linguagem cartográfica, os sujeitos, suas ações e seus lugares no mundo como parte intrínseca do processo de ensino- aprendizagem em Geografia.
Palavras-chave
Educação Geográfica, Raciocínio Geográfico, Cartografia Escolar, Situação Geográfica, Cognição
CLARICE LISPECTOR E A POÉTICA DO VIVENDO
Authors: De Mendonça Fernando 
Published: September 2020

A partir de uma declaração de Clarice Lispector, nos anos 1960, sobre a literatura ser uma experiência em modo gerúndio (‘vida vivendo’), propomos uma análise de sua escritura que concentre os efeitos estéticos do texto literário como prolongamento do corpo autoral. Para isso, focamos o romance Um Sopro de Vida (1978), retomando leituras de Olga de Sá (1993; 2004) e a reconstituição biográfica de Benjamin Moser (2009), também ampliando as possibilidades de interpretação por um viés teopoético, com base no conceito de Orgé, do alemão Rudolph Otto (2007), haja vista a relação do texto clariceano com as manifestações do divino.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Poética literária. Teopoética. Clarice Lispector.
Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study of Parent and Teacher Perceptions of Services and Needs of Children With ADHD
Authors: Wooster Donna , Appleton Ryan , McGee S. Katelyn , Naquin Lauren , Whittle Sarah , Worsham Kayln 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Date Presented 03/26/20
The purpose of this study was to investigate both teacher and parent perspectives on services provided to and needs of children with ADHD. Through this research, we explored perceived needs, current services implemented, the effectiveness of current strategies, and resource and educational needs of teachers and parents. The research identified gaps in services and education from both the teacher and parent perspectives that align with the services that can be readily provided by an OT.
Primary Author and Speaker: Donna Wooster
Contributing Authors: Ryan Appleton, S. Katelyn McGee, Lauren Naquin, Sarah Whittle, Kayln Worsham
Saddle Up for Success: Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapy Program Evaluation Survey
Authors: LeVan David , Kiss Katherine , Gaffney Jessica , LaDuke Alexandra , Flint Lauren , Lacy Anna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Date Presented 03/26/20
This study conducted a program evaluation survey of an equine-assisted activities and therapy (EAAT) program to gain a deeper understanding of participants’ experiences, thoughts, beliefs, and judgments about progress with occupational performance goals and overall satisfaction. Evidence obtained through this study can be used by stakeholders including OT practitioners to better understand possible benefits from participating in an EAAT program and inform future programming.
Primary Author and Speaker: David LeVan
Additional Authors and Speakers: Katherine Kiss, Jessica Gaffney, Alexandra LaDuke, Lauren Flint
Contributing Authors: Anna Lacy
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self Questionnaire
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Yazdani Farzaneh , Carstensen Tove , Bonsaksen Tore 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Date Presented 03/28/20
We examined the psychometric properties of the Self-Efficacy for Therapeutic Use of Self questionnaire by Rasch analysis. The questionnaire was completed by 111 students across four time points. Unidimensionality was confirmed for all three parts of the questionnaire. The rating scales and person response validity need further investigation; excellent internal consistency and person/item separation was found. The study supports the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.
Primary Author and Speaker: Chia-Wei Fan
Contributing Authors: Farzaneh Yazdani, Tove Carstensen, Tore Bonsaksen
Feeding Group: An Interdisciplinary Approach for Functional Improvement in an Acute Rehabilitation Adult Stroke-Patient Population
Authors: Romano Amanda , Wong Charlene , Miller Jeanina , Ringel Miriam , Nizolek Kara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Date Presented 03/28/20
With an increased emphasis on evidence-based practice, documentation, and justification of services in the current healthcare system, this feeding group study serves as a model of the effectiveness of interdisciplinary collaboration, demonstrating the value of OT services to proficiently address feeding skills that strongly impact a stroke patient’s functional performance, return to the community, and quality of life.
Primary Author and Speaker: Amanda Romano
Additional Authors and Speakers: Charlene Wong, Jeanina Miller
Contributing Authors: Miriam Ringel, Kara Nizolek
Changes in the surface broadband shortwave radiation budget during the 2017 eclipse
Authors: Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Tsay Si-Chee , Herman Jay , Jeong Ukkyo , Abuhassan Nader , Swap Robert , Wu Dong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. While solar eclipses are known to greatly diminish the visible radiation reaching the surface of the Earth, less is known about the
magnitude of the impact. We explore both the observed and modeled levels of change in surface radiation during the eclipse of 2017. We deployed a pyranometer and Pandora spectrometer instrument to Casper, Wyoming, and Columbia, Missouri, to measure surface broadband shortwave (SW) flux and
atmospheric properties during the 21 August 2017 solar eclipse event. We
performed detailed radiative transfer simulations to understand the role of
clouds in spectral and broadband solar radiation transfer in the Earth's
atmosphere for the normal (non-eclipse) spectrum and red-shift solar spectra
for eclipse conditions. The theoretical calculations showed that the
non-eclipse-to-eclipse surface flux ratio depends strongly on the
obscuration of the solar disk and slightly on the cloud optical depth. These findings allowed us to estimate what the surface broadband SW flux would be
for hypothetical non-eclipse conditions from observations during the eclipse
and further to quantify the impact of the eclipse on the surface broadband
SW radiation budget. We found that the eclipse caused local reductions of
time-averaged surface flux of about 379 W m−2 (50 %) and 329 W m−2 (46 %) during the ∼3 h course of the eclipse
at the Casper and Columbia sites, respectively. We estimated that the Moon's
shadow caused a reduction of approximately 7 %–8 % in global average surface
broadband SW radiation. The eclipse has a smaller impact on the absolute
value of surface flux reduction for cloudy conditions than a clear
atmosphere; the impact decreases with the increase in cloud optical depth. However, the relative time-averaged reduction of local surface SW flux
during a solar eclipse is approximately 45 %, and it is not sensitive to cloud optical depth. The reduction of global average SW flux relative to
climatology is proportional to the non-eclipse and eclipse flux difference
in the penumbra area and depends on cloud optical depth in the Moon's shadow
and geolocation due to the change in solar zenith angle. We also discuss the influence of cloud inhomogeneity on the observed SW flux. Our results not
only quantify the reduction of the surface solar radiation budget, but also advance the understanding of broadband SW radiative transfer under solar
eclipse conditions.
Moisture origin as a driver of temporal variabilities of the water vapour isotopic composition in the Lena River Delta, Siberia
Authors: Bonne Jean-Louis , Meyer Hanno , Behrens Melanie , Boike Julia , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Rabe Benjamin , Schmidt Toni , Schönicke Lutz , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Werner Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In the context of the Arctic amplification of climate
change affecting the regional atmospheric hydrological cycle, it is crucial
to characterize the present-day moisture sources of the Arctic. The
isotopic composition is an important tool to enhance our understanding of
the drivers of the hydrological cycle due to the different molecular
characteristics of water stable isotopes during phase change. This study
introduces 2 years of continuous in situ water vapour and precipitation
isotopic observations conducted since July 2015 in the eastern Siberian Lena
delta at the research station on Samoylov Island. The vapour isotopic
signals are dominated by variations at seasonal and synoptic timescales.
Diurnal variations of the vapour isotopic signals are masked by synoptic
variations, indicating low variations of the amplitude of local sources at
the diurnal scale in winter, summer and autumn. Low-amplitude diurnal
variations in spring may indicate exchange of moisture between the
atmosphere and the snow-covered surface. Moisture source diagnostics based
on semi-Lagrangian backward trajectories reveal that different air mass
origins have contrasting contributions to the moisture budget of the Lena
delta region. At the seasonal scale, the distance from the net moisture
sources to the arrival site strongly varies. During the coldest months, no
contribution from local secondary evaporation is observed. Variations of the
vapour isotopic composition during the cold season on the synoptic timescale
are strongly related to moisture source regions and variations in
atmospheric transport: warm and isotopically enriched moist air is linked
to fast transport from the Atlantic sector, while dry and cold air with
isotopically depleted moisture is generally associated with air masses moving
slowly over northern Eurasia.
Cloud_cci ATSR-2 and AATSR data set version 3: a 17-year climatology of global cloud and radiation properties
Authors: Poulsen Caroline A. , McGarragh Gregory R. , Thomas Gareth E. , Stengel Martin , Christensen Matthew W. , Povey Adam C. , Proud Simon R. , Carboni Elisa , Hollmann Rainer , Grainger Roy G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. We present version 3 (V3) of the Cloud_cci Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) and Advanced ATSR (AATSR) data set. The data set was created for the European Space Agency (ESA) Cloud_cci (Climate Change Initiative) programme. The cloud properties were retrieved from the second ATSR (ATSR-2) on board the second European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) spanning 1995–2003 and the AATSR on board Envisat, which spanned 2002–2012. The data are comprised of a comprehensive set of cloud properties: cloud top height, temperature, pressure, spectral albedo, cloud effective emissivity, effective radius, and optical thickness, alongside derived liquid and ice water path. Each retrieval is provided with its associated uncertainty. The cloud property retrievals are accompanied by high-resolution top- and bottom-of-atmosphere shortwave and longwave fluxes that have been derived from the retrieved cloud properties using a radiative transfer model. The fluxes were generated for all-sky and clear-sky conditions.
V3 differs from the previous version 2 (V2) through development of the retrieval algorithm and attention to the consistency between the ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The cloud properties show improved accuracy in validation and better consistency between the two instruments, as demonstrated by a comparison of cloud mask and cloud height with co-located CALIPSO data. The cloud masking has improved significantly, particularly in its ability to detect clear pixels. The Kuiper Skill score has increased from 0.49 to 0.66. The cloud top height accuracy is relatively unchanged. The AATSR liquid water path was compared with the Multisensor Advanced Climatology of Liquid Water Path (MAC-LWP) in regions of stratocumulus cloud and shown to have very good agreement and improved consistency between ATSR-2 and AATSR instruments. The correlation with MAC-LWP increased from 0.4 to over 0.8 for these cloud regions. The flux products are compared with NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data, showing good agreement within the uncertainty. The new data set is well suited to a wide range of climate applications, such as comparison with climate models, investigation of trends in cloud properties, understanding aerosol–cloud interactions, and providing contextual information for co-located ATSR-2/AATSR surface temperature and aerosol products. The following new digital identifier has been issued for the Cloud_cci ATSR-2/AATSRv3 data set: https://doi.org/10.5676/DWD/ESA_Cloud_cci/ATSR2-AATSR/V003 (Poulsen et al., 2019).
En frivillig død
Authors: Sunde Marthe 
Published: September 2020

For de fleste er tegneserier humor, action, snakkebobler og onomatopoetika. Enkel handling og lettbeint underholdning. Kan man virkelig skrive en tegneseriebok om selvmord?
Det er dette Steffen Kverneland har gjort. Tegneserieskaperen har fått mye oppmerksomhet og anerkjennelse for sin nyeste bok, og det er ikke vanskelig å forstå hvorfor arbeidet har vekket oppsikt. Boka er en stor opplevelse å lese. Formatet gjør den unik; den er både en selvbiogra- fisk tegneserie og et gammeldags familie- album. Dypt personlig, og langt fra lettbeint.
Designing and Interpreting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnostics: Mathematics, Visual Logistics, and Low Prevalence
Authors: Kost Gerald J. 
Published: September 2020

Context.—
Coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) diagnostics require understanding of how predictive values depend on sensitivity, specificity, and especially, low prevalence. Clear expectations, high sensitivity and specificity, and manufacturer disclosure will facilitate excellence of tests.

Objectives.—
To derive mathematical equations for designing and interpreting COVID-19 tests, assess US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization and Health Canada minimum requirements, establish sensitivity and specificity tiers, and enhance clinical performance in low prevalence settings.

Design.—
PubMed and other sources generated articles on COVID-19 testing and prevalence. EndNote X9.1 consolidated references. Mathematica and open access software helped prove equations, perform recursive calculations, graph multivariate relationships, and visualize patterns, including a new relationship, predictive value geometric mean-squared.

Results.—
Derived equations were used to illustrate shortcomings of COVID-19 diagnostics in low prevalence. Visual logistics helped establish sensitivity/specificity tiers. FDA/Canada's 90% sensitivity, 95% specificity minimum requirements generate excessive false positives at low prevalence. False positives exceed true positives at prevalence lower than 5.3%, or if sensitivity is improved to 100% and specificity to 98%, at prevalence lower than 2%. Recursive testing improves predictive value. Three tiers emerged from these results. With 100% sensitivity, physicians can select desired predictive values, then input local prevalence, to determine suitable specificity.

Conclusions.—
Understanding low prevalence impact will help health care providers meet COVID-19 needs for effective testing. Laypersons should receive clinical performance disclosure when submitting specimens. Home testing needs to meet the same high standards as other tests. In the long run, it will be more cost-effective to improve COVID-19 point-of-care tests rather than repeat testing multiple times.
Deforestation in Conservation Units of the Brazilian Amazon: the case of the Terra do Meio Mosaic
Authors: Jesus Silvia Cristina de , Catojo Adriana Maria Zalla 
Published: September 2020

The Terra do Meio Mosaic in the Brazilian Amazon was created with the purpose of inhibiting illegal logging and gold mining, as well as land grabbing, cattle raising and other activities that promote deforestation in the region. This work analyzes the dynamics of the deforestation (clear-cutting) in this set of Conservation Units and how they contain deforestation in the region. These protected areas have been shown as an efficient tool in conserving natural ecosystems, with maintenance of main forest cover. The exception is the Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area which has less power to contain deforestation because it is a category that involves private lands. Na important reason for the clear cut of the forest is the establishment of pasture for cattle breeding. In the municipalities that contains the Mosaic, the small properties (up to 4 fiscal modules) are the ones that present the highest proportion of deforestation. The Indigenous Lands also play an important role in the maintenance of the Conservation Units functioning as a protective boundary zone and in refraining the clear-cutting, which occurs mainly in the surroundings of rivers and roads.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the promotion of fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Martínez‐Klimova Elena , Aparicio‐Trejo Omar Emiliano , Gómez‐Sierra Tania , Jiménez‐Uribe Alexis Paulina , Bellido Belen , Pedraza‐Chaverri José 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObstructive nephropathy favors the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a severe health problem worldwide. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model is used to study the development of fibrosis. Impairment of renal mitochondria plays a crucial role in several types of CKD and has been strongly related to fibrosis onset. Nevertheless, in the UUO model, the impairment of mitochondria, their relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction and the participation of both to induce the fibrotic process remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current information about mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox dynamics, mitochondrial mass, and biogenesis alterations, as well as the relationship of these mitochondrial alterations with ER stress and their participation in fibrotic processes in UUO models. Early after obstruction, there is metabolic reprogramming related to mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation impairment, triggering lipid deposition, oxidative stress, (calcium) Ca2+ dysregulation, and a reduction in mitochondrial mass and biogenesis. Mitochondria and the ER establish a pathological feedback loop that promotes the impairment of both organelles by ER stress pathways and Ca2+ levels dysregulation. Preserving mitochondrial and ER function can prevent or at least delay the fibrotic process and loss of renal function. However, deeper understanding is still necessary for future clinically‐useful therapies.
Gamma‐Linolenic and Pinolenic Acids Exert Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Through Their Elongation Products
Authors: Baker Ella J. , Valenzuela Carina A. , van Dooremalen Wies T.M. , Martínez‐Fernández Leyre , Yaqoob Parveen , Miles Elizabeth A. , Calder Philip C. 
Published: September 2020

ScopeOmega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) from oily fish reduce cardiovascular disease. This may be partly due to modulation of endothelial cell (EC) inflammation. Fish stocks are declining and there is a need for sustainable alternative FAs. Gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) and pinolenic acid (PLA) are plant‐derived FAs, which can fulfil this role.Methods and resultsEA.hy926 cells are exposed GLA and PLA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. GLA and PLA are incorporated into ECs, resulting in increases in long‐chain derivatives produced by elongase 5, dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic acid (DGLA), and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA). Both GLA and PLA (50 µm) decrease production of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). However, decreases in these mediators are not seen after pre‐treatment with GLA or PLA in elongase 5 silenced EA.hy926 cells. DGLA and ETA (10 µm) decrease EC production of sICAM‐1, MCP‐1, RANTES, and IL‐6. All FAs reduce adhesion of THP‐1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Both PLA (50 µm) and ETA (10 µm) decrease NFκBp65 phosphorylation.ConclusionThese effects suggest potential for GLA, PLA and their long‐chain derivatives, DGLA and ETA, as sustainable anti‐inflammatory alternatives to fish‐derived FAs.