bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the flux trap effect in a sub-critical assembly
Authors: Routsonis K. , Stoulos S. , Clouvas A. , Varvayanni M. , Catsaros N. , Manolopoulou M. 
Published: February 2020

The neutron flux trap effect was experimentally studied in the sub-critical assembly of the Atomic and Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, using delayed gamma neutron activation analysis (DGNAA). Measurements were taken within the fuel grid, in vertical levels symmetrical to the Am-Be neutron source, before and after the removal of fuel elements, also permitting a basic study of the vertical flux profile. Three identical flux traps of diamond shape and an area of 96 cm2 were created by removing four fuel rods for each one. Two (n,γ) reactions and one (n,p) threshold reaction were selected for thermal, epithermal and fast flux study. For the thermal and epithermal flux, results obtained through the 197Au(n,γ)198Au, and 186W(n,γ)187W reactions were used, with and without Cd covers, to differentiate between the two flux regions. For the fast flux, the 58Ni(n,p)58Co reaction was used.All measurements were taken in a HPGe detector of 42% relative efficiency, with a resolution of 1.8 keV at 1332 keV and analyzed in the SPECTRW software package, developed at NCSR Demokritos.An interpolation technique based on local procedures is used to fit the cross sections and the flux spectra.End results show a thermal flux increase of 105% at the source level, and 90% across all levels, pointing to a high potential to increase the available thermal flux for future experiments. Furthermore, the vertical flux profile was found to be slightly asymmetric, with higher flux values at the top part of the assembly.
INFLUENCE OF SOWING DATES AND SEEDING RATES ON PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Fadeeva Irina , Tagirov Marsel , Gazizov Ilyas , Kurmakaev Fail' 
Published: February 2020

In 2018-2019 in the Republic of Tatarstan the studies were carried out to study the effect of sowing dates and seeding rates on productuvuty of new varieties of winter wheat to identify the optimal elements of cultivation technology. The experiment scheme provided for the study of the following options: variety (factor A) - Darina, Universiada, Sultan; sowing time (factor B) - September 1 ... 2 (first, optimal), September 15 ... 17 (second); seeding rate (factor C) - 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5 million viable seeds per hectare. The predecessor is pure steam. Plot area 25 m2. The formation of the grain yield was mainly influenced by the sowing period (28.6%), the choice of the variety (21.2%) and the interaction of the three factors studied (15.8%). Universiada variety formed a yield of 4.91 t/ha during the first sowing period with a pure fallow and a seeding rate of 5.5 million pcs/ha. Sowing after September 15 resulted in a 33.78% decrease in the productivity of this variety. Darina variety formed the highest stand density among all the studied genotypes, both at the first (551.5 pieces/m2) and at the second (476.0 pieces/ m2) sowing dates. The highest grain yield of this variety was noted with the optimal (first) sowing period for pure fallow and the seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs/ha - 4.70 t/ha. A shift in sowing to a later date reduced its yield by 26.48%. Sultan variety formed the highest grain yield when sowing on September 1 ... 2 on a clean fallow with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs/ha. With a delay in sowing, like other varieties, the value of this indicator decreased by 24.65%. The analysis of correlations showed the dependence of the yield at the optimal sowing time in a medium degree on the grain size (r = 0.66), with a late one - on the number of productive stems for harvesting (r = 0.56).
Key words: winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), variety, productivity, yield, grain weight, correlation
Listy z łagru Issaka Antoniego Donigiewicza
Authors: Obrocka Romana 
Published: February 2020

Issak Antoni Donigiewicz’s Letters from a Soviet Prison Camp
The article focuses on the story of Issak Antoni Donigiewicz (1891-1943), a Polish Armenian born in Kuty in the region of Pokucie (Pokuttia), who was a banker, restaurateur and social activist. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, he became involved in underground activities against the Soviet Union which at that time occupied the territory of Eastern Poland. In 1940 the NKVD (People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs) arrested Donigiewicz and sent him to a Soviet prison camp in the Urals (Ivdel) where he would spend the rest of his life. The author has included and examined the original correspondence (28 letters) sent by Donigiewicz to his loved ones in the period from 7th February to 8th June 1941. The letters stand as a moving testimony to the emotional bonds within the Polish Armenian family and the struggle of an individual to survive under conditions of extreme persecution during the Soviet totalitarian regime.
Al-Ḥabasha in Miṣr and the End of the World: Early Islamic Egyptian Apocalypse Narratives Related to Abyssinia
Authors: Bouderbala Sobhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the representation of al-Ḥabasha (Abyssinia) in the apocalyptic texts written in early Islam and the importance of Egyptian scholars in the transmission of this material. The historical background of this literature and the political context of its writing shows a strong Yemeni influence, related to the struggle between the kingdoms of Ḥimyar and Axum in the sixth century CE. One could ask if Muslim sholars from Fustat, the new Islamic capital of Egypt, enacted a “coll ective memory” by borrowing apocalyptic material from Christian literature, as well as fragments from the pre-Islamic history of Yemen.
Abyssinia at al-Azhar: Muslim Students from the Horn of Africa in Late Medieval Cairo
Authors: Loiseau Julien 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
At the end of the fifteenth century, Muslim students from the Horn of Africa would come to Cairo in their search for knowledge and to dwell in the venerable mosque of al-Azhar. They formed a significant community of foreign students in the Egyptian metropolis, to the extent that they enjoyed their own fraternity where they gathered along their fellow countrymen. The article investigates the gradual development in Cairo of a Muslim community originating from the Horn of Africa. It puts their sudden visibility in the context of the establishment of the first student fraternities in al-Azhar’s history. Finally, it questions their role in the growing connections between Egypt and the Horn of Africa in the later Middle Ages.
The European Union and Fundamental Rights/Human Rights: Vanguard or Villain?
Authors: Rosas Allan 
Published: February 2020

The protection of fundamental rights and human rights in the European Union has witnessed several phases and fluctuations. In the early days of European integration, whilst it would be exaggerated to brand the then Communities a ‘villain,’ there was no explicit recognition of fundamental rights/human rights as being part of Community law. I hope it should have become clear by now that the Union does not fit particularly well into any of these two extremes. But by comparison to the other EU institutions, the Court of Justice has been somewhat of a forerunner, taking the first steps towards a fundamental rights system already in 1969 and contributing in many respects to its further development.
Migrant Domestic Workers in Europe: the Need for a Better Protection
Authors: Tyc Aneta 
Published: February 2020

Migrant domestic workers are estimated at approximately 11.5 million persons worldwide. European women are being replaced in their household chores by immigrant women, e.g. from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe. The paper focuses on human labour rights of domestic migrant workers, especially from the point of view of the typology which divides international standards concerning labour as a matter of human rights into four groups: rights relating to employment (eg. the prohibition of slavery and forced labour); rights deriving from employment (eg. the right to social security, the right to just and favourable conditions of work); rights concerning equal treatment and nondiscrimination, and instrumental rights (eg. the right to organise, the right to strike). The aim of this paper is to reveal insufficient effectiveness of human labour rights according to the above-mentioned typology. Thus, the author will concentrate on the issues of modern slavery, hyper-precarity and discrimination.
Social Guarantees in the Case of Employees’ Dismissal in Russia Comparative Legal Aspects of Russian and Foreign Labor Law
Authors: Zavgorodniy Alexander 
Published: February 2020

The main purpose of the article is to identify the contradictions and problems arising when both international labor standards and Russian labor law are applied and separate guarantees to workers are provided in the case of their dismissal. The object of the research is the employment relationship which arises between the employer and the employee when social guarantees are given to the workers when the employment relations are terminated. This article considers the regulations of Russian and foreign labor law which provide workers with certain guarantees if the employment contract is terminated at the initiative of the employer. For the first time, these guarantees are considered from a comparative legal perspective. Specific recommendations about improvement of the Russian labor law and its enforcement.
The Tax Avoidance Clause: Do We Want it, Do We Need it?
Authors: Nieborak Tomasz 
Published: February 2020

The aim of this paper is to outline the institution of the tax avoidance clause which has recently been re-introduced to the Polish legal system. The clause is known in many legal systems worldwide, and always arouses numerous controversies, which arise primarily from the subjectivity as well as, partly, the retroactivity of its application, which is based on extremely general principles, leaving a vast interpretative margin to the tax authorities enforcing the clause. Selected problems arising from the implementation of the tax avoidance clause in the Polish legal system have been analysed. These theoretical problems will be real once the clause has been enforced.
Controversies Concerning the Interpretation of State Resources as a Prerequisite of State Aid: an Illustration Using the Example of Polish Green Certificates and the Auction System
Authors: Bałdowski Michał 
Published: February 2020

The process of Europeanisation in the legal field results in various conflicts between the Member States and European authorities. Cases concerning State aid are an example of such a conflict, where on one hand Member States want to preserve control over various supporting schemes and on the other the European Commission and the Court of Justice of the European Union through a set of judgements and decisions increase their supervisory power over the supporting schemes. The European jurisprudence tend to stretch the scope of State aid by expanding the definition of State resources, which is one of its prerequisites. Applying of such a broad definition of State resources to Polish green certificates scheme and the auction scheme shows negative results of this approach that not only decreases the efficiency of the Renewable Energy Sources supporting schemes but that has a negative reflection on the whole State aid system.
The Principle of Proportionality in European Union Law as a Prerequisite for Penalization
Authors: Długosz Joanna 
Published: February 2020

The paper analysis the principle of proportionality, which is widely applied in the EU legal order and is therefore one of the fundamental principles of the system of the European Union. It is one of the legal principles that govern decision-making processes and common strategic objectives, and which are applicable when establishing European Union legislation and transposing it into national law, including in the area of criminal law, although the current analyses do not often focus on discussing this aspect. Due to its complexity and significance for the processes of establishing and applying the law, the principle of proportionality requires detailed and separate discussion, especially in the context of European criminal law.
Wyzwania kształtowania nowego porządku międzynarodowego dla polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
Authors: Cziomer Erhard 
Published: February 2020

Artykuł podejmuje ważny oraz złożony problem, związany z analizą wpływu kształtowania nowego porządku międzynarodowego dla polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji. Składa się on z trzech części:
1) ogólne tendencje niemieckich badań nad przemianami porządku międzynarodowego;
2) istota nowej strategii polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji;
3) wyzwania realizacji polityki Niemiec wobec Rosji.
Jako czołowe państwo UE o rozbudowanych interesach globalnych Niemcy będące czwartą gospodarką światową korzystały w XXI w. w dużym stopniu ze zdobyczy globalizacji oraz dominującego w skali całego świata – międzynarodowego porządku neoliberalnego. W tym kontekście pierwszoplanowe znaczenie dla Niemiec miała współpraca z Rosją jako partnerem strategicznym. Uległa ona ograniczeniu po przejściu Rosji do polityki jawnej agresji przeciw Ukrainie w 2014 r. (aneksja Krymu oraz wsparcia dla Separatystów w Donbasie), podważając tym samym istniejący porządek międzynarodowy. W konsekwencji nałożenia na Rosję sankcji – przez USA, kraje NATO i UE – ekipa rządząca na Kremlu na czele z W. Putinem dokonała zwrotu w kierunku pogłębienia współpracy z Chinami, zmierzając zarazem do osłabienia wpływów USA i budowy konkurencyjnego porządku multilateralnego. Napięcia i trudności w relacjach transatlantyckich na tle polityki „America first” nowego prezydenta USA D. Trumpa od początku 2017 skłoniła Niemcy do podtrzymania relacji z Rosją oraz Chinami w wymiarze bilateralnym i wielostronnym.
Plasmonic nanofocusing spectral interferometry
Authors: Esmann Martin , Chimeh Abbas , Korte Anke , Zhong Jin-Hui , Stephan Sven , Witt Julia , Wittstock Gunther , Talebi Nahid , Lienau Christoph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We describe and demonstrate a novel experimental approach to measure broadband, amplitude- and phase-resolved scattering spectra of single nanoparticles with 10-nm spatial resolution. Nanofocusing of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) propagating along the shaft of a conical gold taper is used to create a spatially isolated, spectrally broad nanoscale light source at its very apex. The interference between these incident SPPs and SPPs that are backpropagating from the apex leads to the formation of an inherently phase-stable interferogram, which we detect in the far field by partially scattering SPPs off a small protrusion on the taper shaft. We show that these interferograms allow the reconstruction of both the amplitude and phase of the local optical near fields around individual nanoparticles optically coupled to the taper apex. We extract local light scattering spectra of particles and quantify line broadenings and spectral shifts induced by tip-sample coupling. Our experimental findings are supported by corresponding finite-difference time-domain and coupled dipole simulations and show that, in the limit of weak tip-sample coupling, the measurements directly probe the projected local density of optical states of the plasmonic system. The combination of a highly stable inline interferometer with the inherent optical background suppression through nanofocusing makes it a promising tool for the locally resolved study of the spectral and temporal optical response of coupled hybrid nanosystems.
Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber surface to water retention value
Authors: Kimura Minoru , Ishida Takashi , Ono Yuko , Takeuchi Miyuki , Isogai Akira 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The contribution of structural changes of softwood bleached kraft pulp (SBKP) fibers and partly dried SBKP handsheets to their water retention values (WRVs) was studied. Two factors related to mesopores and macropores, which were determined for super critical point (SCP)-dried SBKP sheet samples, should participate in the WRVs determined for wet SBKP sheet samples. The mesopores are formed during pulping/bleaching to remove lignin and a part of hemicelluloses that are present originally in wood cell walls. The combined volumes of mesopores and macropores (totally < ∼0.6 g g−1) in SBKP fibers after SCP drying were significantly lower than the entire WRV (∼1.6 g g−1) of the original never-dried SBKP. We hypothesize that external fibrils of SBKP fibers are formed during pulping, bleaching, washing, pressure-screening, and pressing processes at high and low solid contents in water under high shear forces. The WRV can be used as an indicator to evaluate such structural changes of external fibrils in pulp fibers and paper sheets during drying/wetting in papermaking process as well as in use under various conditions. In contrast, changes in mesopore and macropore volumes determined for SCP-dried sheets cannot properly detect such structural changes of external fibrils.
Metric dimension of metric transform and wreath product
Authors: Ponomarchuk B.S. 
Published: February 2020

Let $(X,d)$ be a metric space. A non-empty subset $A$ of the set $X$ is called resolving set of the metric space $(X,d)$ if for two arbitrary not equal points $u,v$ from $X$ there exists an element $a$ from $A$, such that $d(u,a) \neq d(v,a)$. The smallest of cardinalities of resolving subsets of the set $X$ is called the metric dimension $md(X)$ of the metric space $(X,d)$.
In general, finding the metric dimension is an NP-hard problem. In this paper, metric dimension for metric transform and wreath product of metric spaces are provided. It is shown that the metric dimension of an arbitrary metric space is equal to the metric dimension of its metric transform.
Costos de la práctica clínica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de un programa de odontología: la perspectiva de los estudiantes
Authors: Cortés Ana María , Galvis Jourgen , Díaz Juan Pablo , Bernal Luis Eduardo , Castellanos-Domínguez Yeny Zulay 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Describir la perspectiva de los costos de los estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Santo Tomás durante la realización de la práctica clínica. Materiales y métodos: Mediante estudio observacional de corte transversal y un muestreo estratificado se recogió la información referente a la perspectiva de los estudiantes respecto a los costos y gastos en la realización de la práctica clínica. Los datos fueron tabulados en Microsoft Excel 2016Ò, validados en Epidata y exportados a Stata 14.0 para el análisis estadístico. El análisis univariado incluyó la descripción de datos mediante mediana y rango intercuartílico (RIC), y frecuencia absoluta y porcentaje. Las medidas de frecuencia están acompañadas del intervalo de confianza del 95%. El análisis bivariado presentó asociaciones estadísticas entre la perspectiva de los costos de los procedimientos (variable de resultado) y las variables independientes; valores de p£0,05 se consideraron como estadísticamente significativos.Resultados: Un total de 194 participantes aportaron información para el estudio. La mediana de edad fue 21,9 años (RIC 21-23 años), 75,8% eran mujeres y 97,4% solteros. El 75,2% de los participantes considera que los costos superan sus expectativas, y el 66,5% manifestaron haber asumido el costo completo del tratamiento de sus pacientes. Entre las razones por las cuales asumen estos costos están cumplir con las actividades de la clínica (79,6%) o por la condición económica del paciente (60,2%). La perspectiva de los costos cambió conforme el semestre académico cursado (p=0,0001).Conclusiones: Entre mayor sea la complejidad de la clínica cursada, mayor es la perspectiva del estudiante frente al valor que debe ser pagado por los procedimientos realizados.
Protein Clustering in Formation of Falciparum Plasmodium using Soft Regularized-Markov Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Amrullah Hafizh , Wisnubroto Syamsuddin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProtein has an important role in our life. Every protein interacts with other proteins, DNA, and other molecules. It forms a very large protein interaction networks. We need clustering method to analyze it. Soft Regularized Markov Clustering (SR-MCL) algorithm is one of clustering method to reduce the weakness of Regularized Markov Clustering and Markov Clustering. In this research, SR-MCL will be applied using OpenMP. In every thread, SR-MCL is run using inflation parameter r = 2, 3, and 4. The simulation results show that, based on the fastest execution time and the smallest iteration, the parameter r = 2 produces the best cluster with 40 iterations and execution time is 613 seconds. The cluster centers obtained are 49 clusters with the largest cluster center is the XPO1 protein that interacts with 662 proteins, and 17 protein pairs that interact with each other. Therefore, the XPO1 is a very influential protein in Plasmodium Falciparum.Keywords: SR-MCL Algorithm, Protein Interaction Network, Plasmodium Falciparum. AbstrakProtein memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan. Setiap protein berinteraksi dengan protein-protein lain, DNA, dan molekul-molekul lainnya, sehingga terbentuklah jaringan interaksi protein yang berukuran sangat besar. Untuk memudahkan dalam menganalisisnya, diperlukan metode clustering. Algoritma Soft Regularized Markov Clustering (SR-MCL) yang merupakan pengembangan metode clustering untuk mengurangi kelemahan dari Regularized Markov Clustering dan Markov Clustering. Pada penelitian ini, SR-MCL akan diterapkan menggunakan OpenMP, yaitu setiap thread menjalankan SR-MCL dengan parameter inflasi r = 2, 3, dan 4. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa, berdasarkan waktu eksekusi tercepat dan iterasi terkecil, cluster terbaik diperoleh ketika r = 2 yang menghasilkan 40 iterasi dengan waktu eksekusi 613 detik. Pusat cluster adalah protein XPO1 yang berinteraksi dengan 662 protein dan 17 pasangan protein yang saling berinteraksi satu dengan lainnya. Oleh karena itu, protein XPO1 adalah protein yang sangat berpengaruh dalam pembentukan Plasmodium Falciparum.Kata kunci: Algoritma SR-MCL, Jaringan Interaksi Protein, Plasmodium Falciparum.
Study of the Distinguishing Features of Mughal Mosque in Dhaka: A Case of Sat Gambuj Mosque
Authors: Shirajom Monira Khondker  
Published: February 2020

Mosque is the main focal point of Islamic spirit and accomplishments. All over the world in the Muslim settlements mosque becomes an edifice of distinct significance which is introduced by Prophet Muhammad (Sm.). Since the initial stage of Islam, Muslim architecture has been developed as the base point of mosque. Mosque architecture in medieval time uncovering clearly its sacred identity especially during the pre-Mughal and Mughal period in Bengal. Dhaka, the capital city of independent Bangladesh, is known as the city of mosques. The Mughal mosques of Dhaka are the exceptional example of mosque architecture wherever the ideas and used materials with distinguishing features have been successfully integrated in the medieval context of Bengal. In this research study, the author selected a unique historical as well as Dhaka’s most iconic Mughal era Mosque named “Sat Gambuj Mosque” (Seven Domed Mosque). The mosque, built in the 17th century, is a glowing illustration of Mughal Architecture with seven bulbous domes crowning the roof of the mosque, covering the main prayer area. It is undoubted that this magnificent ancient Mughal mosque is the material evidence of our glorious past with research worthy features and architectural details. This study is an attempt to identify the tangible distinguishing features of the Mughal mosque as well as the selected outstanding historical Mughal mosque. The overall research study conducted here is focused on the accomplishment of the findings in order to relate those distinguishing features with the Mughal mosque characteristics based on the morphological character, architectural features, structure and decoration which will be represented own belief, historical values and cultural exclusivity to the architecture.