bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic effects on hydrodynamics in the riser of the circulating fluidized bed for polypropylene
Authors: Ge Shiyi , Lou Zhedong , Yang Yao , Huang Zheliang , Sun Jingyuan , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElectrostatic potential in the multizone circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor for polypropylene is measured even larger than 1,000 V. In this article, electrostatic effects on hydrodynamics in the riser of CFBs were studied via experiment and computational fluid dynamic simulation. Experimental results showed electrostatics increased solids holdup in the riser for more than 20% in fast fluidization. Using measured charge densities as electrostatic model parameters, electrostatic effects were simulated by two‐fluid model coupled with electrostatics accurately. The relative deviation between measured and simulated solids holdup was 3.53% at 5.68 m/s, which was the first time that this mode was verified quantitatively. Further analysis of simulation results demonstrated the mechanism of electrostatic effects was that the electrostatic forces increased the radial particle velocity and induced particle accumulation near the wall, leading to the increase of solids holdup. These electrostatic effects are more significant in the dense‐phase region, which require special care.
Amine‐functionalized ordered mesoporous silicas as model materials for liquid phase acid capture
Authors: Miller Peter J. , Shantz Daniel F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUptake of dilute aqueous acetic acid was compared using primary, secondary, tertiary amines, and quaternary ammonium grafted ordered mesoporous silica. Primary amine and quaternary ammonium grafted samples showed the highest uptake, 0.21 mmol acetic acid/g SBA‐15, with secondary and tertiary amines showing nominally lower, 0.18 mmol/g, at 0.5 mmol aminosilane loaded per gram SBA‐15. Solution conditions during uptake were varied to conclude that only associated acetic acid could be bound and that the mechanism relied heavily on electrostatic interactions. The aminosilane packing density was found to be crucial to performance with variation depending on the ligand bulk as well as the silica support's pore size. Relevant solution conditions for cellulose depolymerization were also explored by comparing uptake of multiple organic acids and with dextrose added. Here, it was shown that the most hydrophobic organic acid was preferentially extracted, and the uptake was enhanced in the presence of dextrose.
Efficient Alkynylation of 2‐Oxindoles with Alkynyl Dibenzothiophenium Triflates: Total Synthesis of (±)‐Deoxyeseroline
Authors: Roy Avishek , Maity Arindam , Giri Rahul , Bisai Alakesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report here a highly efficient method for direct alkynylations of 3‐alkyl/aryl/indolyl 2‐oxindoles using a series of 5‐(alkynyl)dibenzothiophenium triflates (3 a–e) under transition‐metal‐free conditions. This direct electrophilic alkynylation method gave access to a variety of 2‐oxindoles having quaternary center at the benzylic position in an operationally simple and inexpensive procedure. Further, chemoselective alkynylations could be realized in case of N−H free 2‐oxindoles and 3‐(indolyl)‐2‐oxindoles to afford a number of 3,3‐disubstituted‐2‐oxindoles. This methodology was then employed in the total synthesis of (±)‐deoxyeseroline (1 a) as well as C(3a)‐indolyl furoindoline moiety (31).
The cotton test redistributes nasal airflow in patients with empty nose syndrome
Authors: Malik Jennifer , Thamboo Andrew , Dholakia Sachi , Borchard Nicole A. , McGhee Sam , Li Chengyu , Zhao Kai , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) remains a controversial disease primarily associated with inferior turbinate tissue loss. Cotton placement into the inferior meatus often alleviates ENS symptoms within minutes, but the physiologic explanation for this phenomenon is unknown. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was employed to evaluate the mechanisms of altered nasal airflow conferred by cotton testing.MethodsSix ENS patients (12 sides) with pre‐existing sinus computed tomography (CT) imaging were enrolled after marked symptomatic improvement (decrease in score on the Empty Nose Syndrome 6‐Item Questionnaire [ENS6Q] of >7 points) with office‐based cotton testing. The fashioned cotton plug was labeled in situ with iohexol contrast spray, and sinus CT was immediately obtained to detect cotton contouring in the inferior meatus. CT imaging from pre‐ and post‐cotton placement was analyzed using comparative CFD techniques.ResultsAfter cotton placement, significant symptomatic improvement and reduced ENS6Q scores (16.8 ± 4.1 to 3.1 ± 2.4; p < 0.001) were recorded. Using CFD, cotton placement produced an expected 21% increase in upper airway resistance (p < 0.05). However, a significant shift in the nasal airflow distribution was also detected, with a transition of airflow vectors away from a middle meatus jetstream (−41%; p < 0.002).ConclusionObjective CFD assessment confirmed that the cotton test not only increases nasal resistance, but also restores airflow distribution to the inferior meatus in symptomatic ENS patients. These results highlight the potential efficacy of cotton test in ENS patients and further bolster the utility of this tool in identifying appropriate candidates for the inferior meatus augmentation procedure.
A different paradigm for the initial colonisation of Sahul
Authors: ALLEN JIM , O'CONNELL JAMES F. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe questions of when and how humans reached Sahul, the Pleistocene continent of Australia and New Guinea, has remained a central issue of Australian archaeology since its development as an academic discipline in the mid‐twentieth century. Modelling this event has persistently appealed to minimal assumptions – the simplest watercraft, the shortest routes, the smallest viable colonising groups. This paper argues that Australian archaeology can no longer ignore the way our understanding of this initial colonisation is being reshaped by current genomic research. It reviews this evidence and concludes that a colonising wave of hundreds or perhaps low thousands of people was involved. If correct, it suggests that we need to rethink our models, modify or discard the minimalist assumptions that have so far driven them and consider how this different paradigm affects our understanding of early settlement in Sahul.
Response‐surface methodology for the production and the purification of a new H2O2‐tolerant alkaline protease from Bacillus invictae AH1 strain
Authors: Hammami Amal , Bayoudh Ahmed , Hadrich Bilel , Abdelhedi Ola , Jridi Mourad , Nasri Moncef 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work deals with the optimization of the culture conditions of Bacillus invictae AH1 in order to increase the production level of the proteolytic activity. Response‐surface methodology (RSM) was applied for the most significant fermentation parameters (concentration of wheat bran and K2HPO4/KH2PO4) that were earlier identified by Plackett–Burman Design from seven possible factors. A central composite design was used and the quadratic regression model of producing active protease was built. A maximum protease activity was reached and validated experimentally, using a maximum wheat bran concentration (50 g/L) with increased K2HPO4/KH2PO4 concentration (2.275 g/L). Protease production obtained experimentally coincident with the predicted value and the model was proven to be adequate. Interestingly, the use of RSM increased the protease production by four times (7,000 U/mL) using a low‐cost substrate and a culture time of 40 hr, as compared to the standard culture conditions. In the second part of this study, a H2O2‐tolerant alkaline protease produced from B. invictae AH1 with a molecular mass of about 41 kDa, noted P3, was purified by successive steps of ultrafiltration, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The K
m and Vmax values of the purified protease using casein, as substrate, were about 4 mg/mL and 27 μM/min, respectively. The highest enzyme activity was found at pH 9.0 and a temperature of 60°C. In addition, the enzyme showed a quasi‐total stability against H2O2 (5% for 1 hr) and against most of the tested solid and liquid detergents, suggesting its eventual use in bio‐detergent formulations.
Experimental Investigation of Decentralized Process Control for Reactive Dividing‐Wall Columns
Authors: Egger Lisa S. , Fieg Georg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe reactive dividing‐wall column (RDWC) presents a highly integrated process that enables significant reductions in investment costs and energy consumption. However, the high degree of integration of this apparatus causes numerous interactions between kinetics, vapor‐liquid equilibrium, and mass transfer. To ensure a reliable operation of the RDWC, suitable control schemes need to be developed and experimentally validated. A decentralized control scheme for the RDWC is presented and for the first time experimentally investigated on an RDWC pilot plant. A comparison of experimental and simulated data is carried out and shows good agreement.
Selectively Chemocatalytic Conversion of Fructose to 1,2‐Propylene Glycol over Ru‐WOx/Hydroxyapatite Catalyst†
Authors: Li Chuang , Xu Guangyue , Zhang Xiang , Fu Yao 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe conversion of fructose to 1,2‐propylene glycol (PG) is an important process from cellulosic biomass to high‐value added chemicals. Herein, Ru‐WOx/hydroxyapatite (HAP) catalyst was employed for this reaction and reached up to 91.3% yield of PG at 180 °C, 1 MPa initial hydrogen for 8 h in water. On this catalyst, Ru and WOx were highly dispersed on HAP support and they interacted with each other to form a special catalytic center. The lack of isolated Ru or RuW alloy site led to a moderate activity for hydrogenolysis and hindered the further conversion of PG to propanol. The weak basic HAP support efficiently prevented the humin formation. This precisely controlled catalyst has potential in green PG production.
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Alkenes with Thiourea Dioxide: Construction of Alkyl Sulfones or Sulfonamides
Authors: Li Yuewen , Liu Jin‐Biao , He Fu‐Sheng , Wu Jie 
Published: January 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionSulfonylation of alkenes through photoredox‐catalyzed functionalization of alkenes with thiourea dioxide under visible‐light irradiation is achieved. The reaction of alkenes, thiourea dioxide and electrophiles provides a green and efficient access to alkyl sulfones and sulfonamides. A broad reaction scope is presented with good functional group compatibility and excellent regioselectivity. A plausible mechanism involving a radical addition process with sulfur dioxide radical anion (SO2‐) derived from the oxidation of sulfur dioxide anion (SO22–) is proposed, which is supported by fluorescence quenching experiments.
Enantioselective Sulfoxidation of Thioanisole by Cascading a Choline Oxidase and a Peroxygenase in the Presence of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Li Yongru , Ma Yunjian , Li Peilin , Zhang Xizhen , Ribitsch Doris , Alcalde Miguel , Hollmann Frank , Wang Yonghua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA bienzymatic cascade for selective sulfoxidation is presented. The evolved recombinant peroxygenase from Agrocybe aegeritra catalyses the enantioselective sulfoxidation of thioanisole whereas the choline oxidase from Arthrobacter nicotianae provides the H2O2 necessary via reductive activation of ambient oxygen. The reactions are performed in choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents serving as co‐solvent and stoichiometric reductant at the same time. Very promising product concentrations (up to 15 mM enantiopure sulfoxide) and catalyst performances (turnover numbers of 150,000 and 2100 for the peroxygenase and oxidase, respectively) have been achieved.
Drought tolerance in maize is influenced by timing of drought stress initiation
Authors: Ao Samadangla , Russelle Michael P. , Varga Tamás , Feyereisen Gary W. , Coulter Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) yield loss due to drought is a common but often unpredictable occurrence worldwide. Approaches to mitigate yield loss include developing drought‐tolerant hybrids and managing nitrogen (N) to optimize water use. Three experiments were conducted in Minnesota to compare drought‐tolerant and standard maize hybrids under well‐watered conditions and sustained moderate drought stress from the 14 leaf collar maize phenological stage (V14) or the blister maize phenological stage (R2) to physiological maturity. Three fertilizer N rates (guideline N rate [100%] or 50% higher and lower) were applied to each combination of hybrid and drought stress. Grain yield was 10% greater with the drought‐tolerant than standard hybrid when drought stress began at V14, but did not differ between hybrids when drought stress began at R2 or in the absence of drought stress. Grain and silage yields with the 150% N rate were 7 and 12% greater for the drought‐tolerant than the standard hybrid, respectively. Improved grain yield of the drought‐tolerant hybrid when drought stress began at V14 was associated with greater aboveground biomass, N uptake, and kernel number. Hybrids exhibiting such characteristics may have enhanced ability to tolerate sustained moderate drought stress over a similar period of phenological development.
Width variations control the development of grain structuring in steep step‐pool dominated streams: insight from flume experiments
Authors: Saletti Matteo , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTWe report results from flume experiments designed to study the effect of width variations on the formation and stability of steps in steep streams. To physically model channel width changes we inserted multiple trapezoidal elements in the flume. Two competing effects are in play: a fluidic effect, suggesting that steps are more likely to form in wide areas because of deposition enhanced by lower shear stress, and a granular effect, suggesting that steps are more likely to form in narrow areas because of particle jamming. Our experiments show that width variations enhance the formation of steps. Although steps can form in every location, those in narrow/narrowing areas are more common, more stable and they occupy a larger portion of the channel width. These results stress the importance of particle interactions in coarse‐bedded streams and help river engineers by providing a new element to consider when designing step‐pool sequences in river restoration projects. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methodology for numerical simulations of ellipsoidal particle‐laden flows
Authors: Lambert Baptiste , Weynans Lisl , Bergmann Michel 
Published: January 2020

SummaryDespite being relevant in many natural and industrial processes, suspensions of nonspherical particles have been largely underinvestigated compared with the extensive analyses made on the gravity‐driven motions of spherical particles. One of the main reasons for this disparity is the difficulty of accurately correcting the short‐range hydrodynamic forces and torques acting on complex particles. These effects, also known as lubrication, are essential to the suspension of the particles and are usually poorly captured by direct numerical simulation of particle‐laden flows. In this article, we propose a partitioned volume penalization‐discrete element method solver, which estimates the unresolved hydrodynamic forces and torques. Corrections are made locally on the surface of the interacting particles without any assumption on the particle global geometry. Numerical validations have been made using ellipsoidal particles immersed in an incompressible Navier‐Stokes flow.
Experiences with two detached eddy simulation approaches through use of a high‐order finite volume solver
Authors: Cengiz Kenan , Özyörük Yusuf 
Published: January 2020

SummaryIn the present study, two advanced detached eddy simulation (DES) approaches, shear‐layer‐adapted delayed DES and zonal DES in mode II, which are known to help transition from RANS to LES mode, are employed in various flow problems in conjunction with a high‐order finite volume solver. The numerical scheme, being only applicable on structured grids, has low‐dissipation and low‐dispersion features. Such features benefit mostly in the LES mode, minimizing the interference of numerical diffusion with subgrid eddy viscosity. First, corresponding subgrid models are validated via decaying homogeneous turbulence benchmark case. Then, a channel flow problem is chosen to examine these models in attached flow situations. Finally, flow around an airfoil at low Reynolds number is solved using the shear‐layer‐adapted delayed DES approach only, in an aim to obtain trailing‐edge noise spectrum at an observer location. Despite some log‐layer mismatch over turbulent boundary layers, which is typical of most DES methods, the combined application of high‐resolution numerical method and advanced DES approaches, which are implemented on a stabilized Spalart‐Allmaras turbulence model, shows merit in resolution of turbulence in regions of interest.
Drivers for the implementation of market‐based food safety management systems: Evidence from Lebanon
Authors: Abebe Gumataw Kifle , Bahn Rachel Anne , Chalak Ali , Yehya Abed Al Kareem 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe food safety landscape continues to evolve across time, geography, and supply chains. This research seeks to analyze the determinants of market‐based food safety management systems (FSMSs) implementation in the Middle Eastern context. Primary data were collected from food safety managers representing 94 processors across Lebanon. We found food processors having implemented ISO 22000 (50%), HACCP (40%), and ISO 9001 (25.5%); however, none of the processors implemented industry‐based FSMSs. Although ISO 22000 was mostly implemented by large (85%) and medium (67%) processors, the uptake of ISO 22000 by small processors has picked up (29%). Economic incentives (market orientation) and firm‐specific factors (organizational readiness, product/process characteristics, company size, and ownership structure) are the key drivers for the increased implementation of market‐based FSMSs. Predominantly export‐oriented processors had the odds of implementing ISO 22000 5.5 times more than the domestically oriented processors. Firms with a quality assurance (QA) unit had 15 times higher chance of implementing ISO 22000 than otherwise. Finally, processors engaged in fresh produce had 4.9 times higher chance of implementing ISO 22000 than those engaged in dry goods. The study establishes that the dominance of public‐based FSMSs in the governance of food safety is a strategic choice (economic incentives) more than statutory requirements.
Nonphagocytic Activation of NOX2 Is Implicated in Progressive Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis During Aging
Authors: Jiang Joy X. , Fish Sarah R. , Tomilov Alexey , Li Yuan , Fan Weiguo , Dehnad Ali , Gae David , Das Suvarthi , Mozes Gergely , Charville Gregory W. , Ramsey Jon , Cortopassi Gino , Török Natalie J. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
Older patients with obesity/type II diabetes mellitus frequently present with advanced NASH. Whether this is due to specific molecular pathways that accelerate fibrosis during aging is unknown. Activation of the Src homology 2 domain–containing collagen‐related (Shc) proteins and redox stress have been recognized in aging; however, their link to NASH has not been explored.

Approach and Results
Shc expression increased in livers of older patients with NASH, as assessed by real time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) or western blots. Fibrosis, Shc expression, markers of senescence, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form oxidases (NOXs) were studied in young/old mice on fast food diet (FFD). To inhibit Shc in old mice, lentiviral (LV)–short hairpin Shc versus control‐LV were used during FFD. For hepatocyte‐specific effects, floxed (fl
/fl) Shc mice on FFD were injected with adeno‐associated virus 8–thyroxine‐binding globulin–Cre‐recombinase versus control. Fibrosis was accelerated in older mice on FFD, and Shc inhibition by LV in older mice or hepatocyte‐specific deletion resulted in significantly improved inflammation, reduction in senescence markers in older mice, lipid peroxidation, and fibrosis. To study NOX2 activation, the interaction of p47phox (NOX2 regulatory subunit) and p52Shc was evaluated by proximity ligation and coimmunoprecipitations. Palmitate‐induced p52Shc binding to p47phox, activating the NOX2 complex, more so at an older age. Kinetics of binding were assessed in Src homology 2 domain (SH2) or phosphotyrosine‐binding (PTB) domain deletion mutants by biolayer interferometry, revealing the role of SH2 and the PTB domains. Lastly, an in silico model of p52Shc/p47phox interaction using RosettaDock was generated.

Conclusions
Accelerated fibrosis in the aged is modulated by p52Shc/NOX2. We show a pathway for direct activation of the phagocytic NOX2 in hepatocytes by p52Shc binding and activating the p47phox subunit that results in redox stress and accelerated fibrosis in the aged.
The influence and impact of smoking on red blood cell morphology and buccal microflora: A case‐control study
Authors: Aldosari Khalid Hadi , Ahmad Gulfam , Al‐Ghamdi Sameer , Alsharif Mohammed H. Karrar , Elamin Abubaker Y. , Musthafa Muhammad , Abbas Mohammed Y. , Alqarni Abdulaziz Abdullah , Alqudeebi Suliman Khaled , Binsaqer Abdullah Ali , Al‐Ghamdi Hussain 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTobacco smoking is a major health issue worldwide. In addition to several health problems, smoking can also cause buccal cavity ulcers and buccal cavity cancer in case of chronic smoking. Tobacco smoking may also lead to deranged morphology of red blood cells (RBCs), which results in reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.Aim(a) To investigate and compare the changes in the RBC morphology of smokers and nonsmokers. (b) To investigate and compare the normal buccal flora of smokers and nonsmokers.MethodologyA total of 81 men were included in the study. Study population was divided into two groups: group 1; smokers (n = 50) and group 2; nonsmokers, which served as control (n = 31). After informed written consent from the study participants, a 5 mL of venous blood was drawn under sterile conditions for complete blood analysis and RBC morphology. Samples from buccal cavity were collected by cotton swab and cultured in sterile petri dishes to identify the bacterial growth. Data of RBC morphology and buccal microbiota were compared between smokers and nonsmokers.ResultsBuccal microflora results showed heavy growth in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Mean values of RBCs, Platelets, WBCs, HGB (hemoglobin), and MCV (mean corpuscular volume) did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers. Mean red cell distribution (RDW) width significantly was lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Macrocytic RBCs was more in smokers (60%) compared with nonsmokers (4%).ConclusionsOur results showed an increase in the percentage of macrocytic RBCs and a decrease in the red cell distribution width (RDW) in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Buccal Microflora was significantly higher in smoker group in contrast to nonsmoker group.