bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of surface wetting behavior of ceramic proppant on the two‐phase flow across the interface of sandstone and fracture
Authors: Xiao Dong , Wang Ming , Guo Boyun , Weng Dingwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to gain an understanding of water‐oil two‐phase flow from sandstone reservoirs to propped hydraulic fractures. The effects of PC (code for provider) oil‐wet and water‐wet fracture proppants on the competing flow of water and oil from Parker Berea and Upper Gray Berea sandstones to proppant‐packed fractures were experimentally investigated in this study. Water and oil were simultaneously injected into core sample, and the injection volume at water breakthrough was used as a measure of phase flow efficiency. The PC oil‐wet ceramic proppants were found to have the property of attracting‐oil‐repelling‐water (AORW) effect on the water‐oil two‐phase flow from sandstones to proppant‐packed fractures. This effect is explained by the theory of oil and water channels in the sandstones. Oil‐wet proppant particles contact oil channels in the sandstone and attract oil into the fracture owing to the affinity between the oil‐wet surface and the oil in the oil channel. The AORW effect of PC oil‐wet proppant was found to drop as the water cut in the sandstone increases. This is attributed to the fact that there are more water channels in high water‐cut sandstones than in low water‐cut sandstones, reducing the chance for the oil‐wet proppant to contact oil channels and attract oil. The PC oil‐wet proppant was found to behave differently in different types of sandstones. Its AORW effect is higher in low‐permeability sandstones than in high‐permeability sandstones. This may be because there are more oil channels in low‐permeability sandstones than in high‐permeability sandstones, increasing the chance for the oil‐wet proppant to contact oil channels and attract oil.
Research on a noble extinguish material for the underground fire prevention
Authors: Lu Xin‐Xiao , Han Yu , Xue Xue , Wang De‐Ming 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThe three‐phase foam consisted of solid, liquid and gas is regarded as a highly effective measure for the underground mine fire prevention. In this study, the three‐phase foam technology is introduced and a visualization platform is established to exhibit the foam flow in a physical goaf. The diffusion rule and extinguishing performance for three‐phase foam are researched. Test results show that the three‐phase foam has a superior heat resistance than expansion foam in the top goaf. The coal heating rate is postponed after the three‐phase foam processing and the active functional groups are suppressed effectively. Increasing the foam expansion ratio is adverse to the three‐phase foam stability. The field application of three‐phase foam was evaluated via the practical extinguishment effect. The marked reduction in the sealed zone temperature and CO concentration proved that the proposed three‐phase foam technology was effective on controlling the concealed goaf fire.
Numerical analysis of rectangular type batch ohmic heater to identify the cold point
Authors: Choi Won , Kim Sang‐Soon , Park Sang‐Hyun , Ahn Jun‐Bae , Kang Dong‐Hyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe objective of this research was to precisely simulate the temperature distribution and inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by batch ohmic heating pasteurization of orange juice based on a time‐dependent numerical model. A finite element method (FEM) embedded with pathogen inactivation codes using Java language simultaneously solved electric heating, k‐ε turbulent flow, and heat transfer equations and dealt with natural heat losses through the walls and air as the boundary conditions. The simulated temperature distribution and populations of E. coli O157:H7 did not differ from the experimental data for every treatment time within a relative error of 6.0%. A cold point problem was observed in the bottom corner, which was more severe for large orange juice samples, leading to an increased treatment time in order to ensure a 5‐log reduction of E. coli O157:H7.
Estimating the connectedness of commodity futures using a network approach
Authors: Xiao Binqing , Yu Honghai , Fang Libing , Ding Sifang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUsing a network approach of variance decompositions, we measure the connectedness of 18 commodity futures and characterize both static and dynamic connectedness. Our results show that metal futures are net transmitters of shocks to other futures, and agricultural futures are vulnerable to shocks from the others. Furthermore, almost two‐thirds of the volatility uncertainty for commodity futures are due to the connectedness of shocks across the futures market. Dynamically, we find connectedness always increases in times of turmoil. An analysis of connectedness networks suggests that investors could be forewarned that the connectedness of various classes of futures could threaten their portfolios.
Futures market hedging efficiency in a new futures exchange: Effects of trade partner diversification
Authors: Oglend Atle , Straume Hans‐Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper uses transaction data to examine hedging efficiency in a new futures exchange; the Fish Pool salmon futures exchange in Norway. The paper utilizes data on firm‐level exporter/importer transaction prices to quantify firm‐level futures hedging efficiency. This allows us to address heterogeneity in hedging efficiency and basis risk at the firm level. The main result of this paper shows that larger firms with greater trade partner diversification have lower basis risk. Such firms align their internal transaction price closer to the common spot price in the market, which encourages greater futures market participation. Results are discussed in light of recent declines in participation in the salmon futures exchange.
A new environmental and spatial approach to the Tiwanaku World Heritage site (Bolivia) using remote sensing (UAV and satellite images)
Authors: Pérez González María E. , Gallego Revilla José I. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the research carried out in the Tiwanaku World Heritage site in Bolivia, using unmanned aerial vehicles and satellite images. The combined use of images with different scales has made it possible to locate many archaeological structures unknown to date (drainage systems, walls, circular crop marks, and a possible dock). The Sentinel‐2 images, which were processed using principal components analysis and histogram equalization, show the river beds, flood‐prone areas, and several buried drainage channels surrounding the most important structures. The archaeological evidence obtained with the digital terrain model and natural color/multispectral images enables us to contrast a new dimension of land and water uses that go beyond what was known to date. In the same way, these images enable us to understand in detail the environmental characteristics, land use, building distribution, and flood defense structures of the Tiwanaku culture throughout its history, within the context of the environmental conditions of the Bolivian altiplano. This study allowed the authors to collect new information and pose questions on the relationship of this site with water, as well as a better understanding of the extent and habitat of this historical population.
Scherverhalten von acrylatischen Injektionskörpern
Authors: Boley Conrad , Forouzandeh Yashar , Wagner Simone , Pratter Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPorenrauminjektionen mit Acrylatgel werden zur Festigkeitssteigerung und zur Abdichtung des Baugrunds durchgeführt. Um die Standsicherheit eines Bauwerks nach dem Injektionsvorgang zuverlässig beurteilen zu können, müssen die Injektionskörper auf ihr bodenmechanisches Verhalten untersucht werden. Das Bruchverhalten wird hierbei häufig mit dem Mohr‐Coulombschen Bruchkriterium für Boden und Fels abgebildet. Experimentelle Laborversuche an Acrylatgel‐Injektionskörpern haben gezeigt, dass der Zuwachs der Scherfestigkeit bei steigender Normalspannung nichtlinear ist und in der Konsequenz mit dem Mohr‐Coulombschen Bruchkriterium die Festigkeit des Injektionskörpers überschätzt wird. Auf dieser Erkenntnis aufbauend wurden an einer Baugrube numerische Vergleichsberechnungen durchgeführt. In den Berechnungen wurden u. a. die Bruchkriterien nach Mohr‐Coulomb und Hoek‐Brown berücksichtigt. Basierend auf den experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen wird ein für die Baupraxis relevantes Bruchkriterium für Acrylatgel‐Injektionskörper vorgestellt, das es ermöglicht, die Festigkeit bzw. die Standsicherheit eines Bauwerks zutreffend beurteilen zu können.
Endoscopic Ultrasound/Fine Needle Aspiration Is Effective for Lymph Node Staging in Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Malikowski Thomas , Levy Michael J. , Gleeson Ferga C. , Storm Andrew C. , Vargas Eric J. , Topazian Mark D. , Abu Dayyeh Barham K. , Iyer Prasad G. , Rajan Elizabeth , Gores Gregory J. , Roberts Lewis R. , Chandrasekhara Vinay 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
Presence of malignant regional lymph nodes (MRLNs) precludes curative oncological resection or liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Limited data support the utility of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)/fine needle aspiration (FNA) for detection of MRLNs in extrahepatic CCA, but there are no data for its role in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA). The aim of this study is to evaluate the staging impact of EUS for CCA, including analysis by subtype.

Approach and Results
We identified consecutive patients with CCA who underwent EUS staging at a single tertiary care center from October 2014 to April 2018. Among this cohort, we abstracted clinical demographic, radiographical, procedural, cytopathological, and surgical data. STATA 15 software was used for comparative analysis calculations (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX). The study cohort included 157 patients; 24 (15%), 124 (79%), and 9 (6%) with intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal CCA, respectively. EUS was able to identify regional lymph nodes (RLNs) in a higher percentage of patients compared to cross‐sectional imaging (86% vs. 47%; P < 0.001). FNA was performed in 133 (98.5%) patients with RLNs, with a median of three passes per node. EUS‐FNA identified MRLN in 27 of 31 (87.1%) patients ultimately found to have MRLNs. For iCCA, EUS detected a higher percentage of RLN compared to cross‐sectional imaging (83% vs. 50%; P = 0.048), with MRLNs identified in 4 (17%) patients. Among the entire cohort, identification of at least one MRLN by EUS was associated with lower median survival (353 vs. 1,050 days; P < 0.001) and increased risk of death (hazard ratio = 4.1; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
EUS‐FNA is effective for identifying MRLN in patients with CCA, and should be routinely incorporated into staging of all CCA subtypes given the impact of MRLN on prognosis and management decisions.
Community health promotion programs for older adults: What helps and hinders implementation
Authors: Sims‐Gould Joanie , Franke Thea , Lusina‐Furst Sarah , McKay Heather A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDespite the many known health benefits of physical activity (PA), older adults are the least active citizens in many countries. Regular PA significantly decreases the odds of functional limitation and social disengagement. However, there is a dearth of publicly funded support services for older adults. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a formative evaluation to examine the implementation of community‐driven health promotion programs for older adults in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsThe Active Aging Grant (AAG) initiative funded 30 community‐based organizations in British Columbia to design and deliver community‐driven health promotion programs for older adults, with an explicit focus on PA and social connectedness. Guided by the Framework for Successful Implementation, we recruited program coordinators and participants and used semistructured interview guides to focus on design, delivery, and experience within the program. Framework analysis was used with NVivo 11.ResultsThirty‐six in‐depth, semistructured interviews were conducted in 2017, after program completion. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 10 coordinators and 26 program participants from seven of the organizations. Eighteen were female; nine were male; 68% fell in the age range of 65‐84. We detail the innovation characteristics, provider characteristics, and contextual factors that facilitate and impede program implementation. Aspects that facilitate implementation include that they promote PA, foster social connectedness, and address isolation and loneliness; personal accountability; affordability; program design; providers' appropriate skills; community collaborations; and transportation support. Aspects that hinder implementation include lack of resources for marketing and communications, lack of volunteers and dedicated staff, and access to transportation. We also highlight two themes that emerged outside the theoretical framework, the roles of gender and funding in program implementation.ConclusionsAs part of a formative evaluation, the information will help adapt and enhance implementation of a larger scale‐out intervention aimed to increase PA and social connectedness amongst older adults in British Columbia, Canada.
Nootropic effect of neferine on aluminium chloride–induced Alzheimer's disease in experimental models
Authors: Yin Shuaizeng , Ran Qin , Yang Jin , Zhao Yuhua , Li Chenyu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an age‐associated neurodegenerative disease, which is developed by oxidative stress and acetylcholine contraction in the synaptic cleft of the neurons. This leads to dementia, memory loss, and decrease in learning ability and orientation. In this research work, we aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of neferine on AlCl3‐induced AD in rats. The results of our study revealed that the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide in the hippocampus leads to the development of AD in the rats. The oral treatment of neferine done the following occurrences such as; it potentially inhibited the ROS formation and acts as a scavenging molecule by preventing the neurodegeneration. It also improved the memory and learning ability to complete the maze activity in the AD rats and significantly increased the antioxidants superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione in neferine treated AD rats. It aggressively declined the activity of acetylcholine esterase and Na+K+ATPase in the neurodegenerative rat models. The gene expression pattern of neuroinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were decreased in the neferine‐treated rats. The neuroinflammatory proteins such as inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and nuclear factor kappa β (Nf‐κβ) were decreased and Nf‐κβ inhibitor IKBα was increased in the neferine‐treated AD rats. Finally, the histology study proved that the neferine treatment possibly prevents neurodegeneration in the hippocampus tissue of the AD models. Hence, these all findings concluded that the neferine could be a potential neuropreventive as well as neurodegenerative therapeutic compound in neurological and cognitive dysfunction.
Wortmannin targeting phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase suppresses angiogenic factors in shear‐stressed endothelial cells
Authors: Gomes Anderson M. , Pinto Thais S. , da Costa Fernandes Célio J. , da Silva Rodrigo A. , Zambuzzi Willian F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractModifications on shear stress‐based mechanical forces are associated with pathophysiological susceptibility and their effect on endothelial cells (EC) needs to be better addressed looking for comprehending the cellular and molecular mechanisms. This prompted us to better evaluate the effects of shear stress in human primary venous EC obtained from the umbilical cord, using an in vitro model to mimic the laminar blood flow, reaching an intensity 1–4 Pa. First, our data shows there is a significant up‐expression of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) in shear‐stressed cells culminating downstream with an up‐phosphorylation of AKT and up‐expression of MAPK‐ERK, concomitant to a dynamic cytoskeleton rearrangement upon integrin subunits (α4 and ß 3) requirements. Importantly, the results show there is significant involvement of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), nNOS, and vascular endothelial growth factors receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in shear‐stressed EC, while cell cycle‐related events seem to being changed. Additionally, although diminution of 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in shear‐stressed EC, suggesting a global repression of genes transcription, the promoters of PI3K and eNOS genes were significantly hydroxymethylated corroborating with their respective transcriptional profiles. Finally, to better address, the pivotal role of PI3K in shear‐stressed EC we have revisited these biological issues by wortmannin targeting PI3K signaling and the data shows a dependency of PI3K signaling in controlling the expression of VGFR1, VGFR2, VEGF, and eNOS, once these genes were significantly suppressed in the presence of the inhibitor, as well as transcripts from Ki67 and CDK2 genes. Finally, our data still shows a coupling between PI3K and the epigenetic landscape of shear‐stressed cells, once wortmannin promotes a significant suppression of ten‐11 translocation 1 (TET1), TET2, and TET3 genes, evidencing that PI3K signaling is a necessary upstream pathway to modulate TET‐related genes. In this study we determined the major mechanotransduction pathway by which blood flow driven shear stress activates PI3K which plays a pivotal role on guaranteeing endothelial cell phenotype and vascular homeostasis, opening novel perspectives to understand the molecular basis of pathophysiological disorders related with the vascular system.
At the borders of the average man: Adolphe Quêtelet on mental, moral, and criminal monstrosities
Authors: Sposini Filippo Maria 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines Adolphe Quêtelet's conception of deviance. It investigates how he identified social marginalities and what actions he recommended governments to undertake. To get a close understanding of his views, this paper examines three cases of “monstrosities,” namely mental alienation, drunkenness, and criminality. My main thesis is that Quêtelet provided scientific authority to a conception of deviance as sickness, immorality, and cost thus encouraging legislators to use statistics for containing social marginalities. The case of alienation shows that Quêtelet viewed insanity as a pathology of civilization to be understood through phrenology. The case of drunkenness demonstrates how Quêtelet conflated the notion of statistical mean with moral decency. The case of criminality illustrates Quêtelet's major concern with the cost of criminals for the state. While advocating for the perfectibility of mankind, Quêtelet urged governments to take actions against what he considered the monstrosities of society.
High levels of pretreatment and acquired HIV drug resistance in Nicaragua: results from the first nationally representative survey, 2016
Authors: Girón‐Callejas Amalia , García‐Morales Claudia , Mendizabal‐Burastero Ricardo , Román Matilde , Tapia‐Trejo Daniela , Pérez‐García Marissa , Quiroz‐Morales Verónica S , Juárez Sandra I , Ravasi Giovanni , Vargas Carlos , Gutiérrez René , Romero Luz , Solórzano Aleyda , Sajquim Edgar , Northbrook Sanny , Ávila‐Ríos Santiago , Reyes‐Terán Gustavo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionA nationally representative HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) survey in Nicaragua was conducted to estimate the prevalence of pretreatment HIVDR (PDR) among antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiators and acquired HIVDR among people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had received ART for 12 ± 3 months (ADR12) and ≥48 months (ADR48).MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional survey with a two‐stage cluster sampling was conducted from March to November 2016. Nineteen of 45 total ART clinics representing >90% of the national cohort of adults on ART were included. ART initiators were defined as PLHIV initiating or reinitiating first‐line ART. HIVDR was assessed for protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase Sanger sequences using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm. Viral load (VL) suppression was defined as <1000 copies/mL. Results were weighted according to the survey design.Results and discussionA total of 638 participants were enrolled (PDR: 171; ADR12: 114; ADR48: 353). The proportion of ART initiators with prior exposure to antiretrovirals (ARVs) was 12.3% (95% CI: 5.8% to 24.3%). PDR prevalence to any drug was 23.4% (95% CI: 14.4% to 35.6%), and 19.3% (95% CI: 12.2% to 29.1%) to non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI). NNRTI PDR was higher in ART initiators with previous ARV exposure compared with those with no exposure (76.2% vs. 11.0%, p < 0.001). Protease inhibitors (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors PDR was not observed. VL suppression rate was 77.8% (95% CI: 67.1% to 85.8%) in ADR12 and 70.3% (95% CI: 66.7% to 73.8%) in ADR48. ADR12 prevalence to any drug among PLHIV without VL suppression was 85.1% (95% CI: 66.1% to 94.4%), 82.4% to NNRTI and 70.2% to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). ADR48 prevalence to any drug among PLHIV without VL suppression was 75.5% (95% CI: 63.5% to 84.5 %), 70.7% to NNRTI, 59.4% to NRTI and 4.6% to PI.ConclusionsDespite implementation challenges yielding low‐precision HIVDR estimates, high rates of NNRTI PDR were observed in Nicaragua, suggesting consideration of non‐NNRTI‐based first‐line regimens for ART initiators. Strengthened HIVDR monitoring, systematic VL testing, and improved ART adherence support are also warranted.
A retrospective cohort study on peri‐implant complications in implants up to 10 years of functional loading in periodontally compromised patients
Authors: Pandolfi Andrea , Rinaldo Francesca , Pasqualotto Debora , Sorrentino Fabiola , La Torre Giuseppe , Guerra Fabrizio 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of peri‐implantitis is directly proportional to the time of functional loading. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the survival and success rates as well as the incidence of peri‐implantitis among patients with a history of periodontitis and among implants with 1 to 10 years of functional loading.MethodsWe evaluated clinical records of periodontally compromised patients treated between January 1998 and July 2002, with implants enrolled in a supportive periodontal and peri‐implant treatment follow‐up program. The following assessment indexes during follow‐up were recorded: suppuration on probing, modified bleeding on probing, probing depth, implant mobility, bone changes, and criteria of success of Albrektsson.ResultsClinical data of 475 patients with 1,991 implants were analyzed for a period of 10 years of functional loading. The survival and success rates were 91.8% and 75.4%, respectively, and the cumulative incidence of peri‐implantitis among patients was 24.4%. The survival rate was 96.1%, and the success rate was 83.7% among implants.The incidence of peri‐implantitis exhibited a peak rate after the seventh year (2.1%). The prevalence of peri‐implantitis increased from 3.2% to 9.7% between 5 and 10 years of follow‐up, and the peri‐implantitis rate among implants was 12.9% after 10 years of functional loading.ConclusionPeri‐implantitis begins to appear more frequently after the fifth year of functional loading, especially between the seventh and eighth years of function.