bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of sulfentrazone and metribuzin applied preemergence on soybean development and yield
Authors: Arsenijevic Nikola , de Avellar Matheus , Butts Liberty , Arneson Nicholas John , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe use of photosystem II (PSII)-inhibitor and/or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor PRE herbicides in soybean may, under adverse environmental conditions, result in early season crop injury. A field study was conducted near Brule and North Platte, Nebraska, during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons with the objective to evaluate the impact of PRE herbicides metribuzin (PSII-inhibitor) and sulfentrazone (PPO-inhibitor) on early season soybean development, final plant stand, and yield using 22 soybean varieties adapted to southwestern Nebraska. Herbicide treatments consisted of metribuzin (560 g ai ha−1) and sulfentrazone (280 g ai ha−1) applied within 3 d after planting and a nontreated control (NTC). Sulfentrazone reduced green canopy vegetation at the V2 growth stage by 22% and final plant stand at physiological maturity by 10% compared with the NTC. The number of pods per plant was 16% higher for sulfentrazone and the number of seeds per plant was 15% and 4% higher for sulfentrazone and metribuzin compared with the NTC, respectively. Sulfentrazone and metribuzin resulted in a slightly higher yield (3%) compared with the NTC, thus no yield reduction from PRE herbicides was observed in this study. These results support other findings that sulfentrazone and metribuzin have potential to cause early-season crop injury; however, when applied according to their label recommendations and following regional agronomic management practices, this impact may not translate into soybean yield reduction while such herbicides provide effective soil residual weed control.
Analyzing Uncertainty in Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation With Pseudoadiabatic Assumption
Authors: Kim Y. K. , Kim S. M. , Tachikawa Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate a probable maximum precipitation (PMP) estimation approach using a moisture‐maximization method. This method enables the estimation of precipitable water (PW) using a surface dew point, under a pseudoadiabatic assumption. However, the deviation of the PW (as estimated using the surface dew point) from the actual observed PW mostly leads to an uncertain PMP estimation, as it is difficult to estimate the actual atmospheric moisture content in an air column using the surface dew point alone. In this study, to consider abundant atmospheric data spanning a long‐term period, we employed the reanalysis data from “Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis” (JRA‐55). The data showed good reliability for the surface dew point and PW. To quantify the deviation, we estimated the errors between the actual and estimated PW values for the moisture‐maximization method at 30 points across Japan. Here, the actual PW was extracted directly from JRA‐55, and the estimated PW was obtained using the surface dew point extracted from JRA‐55. We confirmed that the event PW was the largest source of error in the PMP estimation and that the magnitude of the errors was highly correlated with the surface dew point. We analyzed the vertical dew point profile for events with large estimation errors and confirmed that a low surface dew point showed a high deviation in the air column. Therefore, the use of PMP estimations with the moisture‐maximization method should be carefully considered in rainfall events with low surface dew points (e.g., lower than 18°C).
Circulating cell adhesion molecules in metabolically healthy obesity
Authors: Mulhem Arij , Moulla Yusef , Klöting Nora , Ebert Thomas , Tönjes Anke , Fasshauer Mathias , Dietrich Arne , Schön Michael R. , Stumvoll Michael , Richter Volker , Blüher Matthias 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background/Objectives
People with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) may still have an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality compared to metabolically healthy lean (MHL) individuals. However, the mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular diseases are not entirely understood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that circulating cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are higher in MHO compared to MHL individuals.

Subjects/Methods
Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin and P-selectin were measured in age- and sex-matched groups of MHL (n = 32), MHO categorized into BMI-matched insulin sensitive (IS, n = 32) or insulin resistant (IR) obesity (n = 32) and people with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n = 32).

Results
Indeed, individuals with MHO have significantly higher sICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin serum concentrations compared to MHL people. However, these CAMs are still significantly lower in IS compared to IR MHO. There was no difference between the groups in sVCAM-1 serum concentrations. Compared to all other groups, circulating adhesion molecules were significantly higher in individuals with MUO.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that obesity-related increased cardiovascular risk is reflected and may be mediated by significantly higher CAMs. The mechanisms causing elevated adhesion molecules even in the absence of overt cardio-metabolic risk factors and whether circulating CAMs could predict cardiovascular events need to be explored.
Sick for science: experimental endotoxemia as a translational tool to develop and test new therapies for inflammation-associated depression
Authors: Lasselin Julie , Lekander Mats , Benson Sven , Schedlowski Manfred , Engler Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDepression is one of the global leading causes of disability, but treatments remain limited and classical antidepressants were found to be ineffective in a substantial proportion of patients. Thus, novel effective therapies for the treatment of depression are urgently needed. Given the emerging role of inflammation in the etiology and pathophysiology of affective disorders, we herein illustrate how experimental endotoxemia, a translational model of systemic inflammation, could be used as a tool to develop and test new therapeutic options against depression. Our concept is based on the striking overlap of inflammatory, neural, and affective characteristics in patients with inflammation-associated depression and in endotoxin-challenged healthy subjects. Experimental administration of endotoxin in healthy volunteers is safe, well-tolerated, and without known long-term health risks. It offers a highly standardized translational approach to characterize potential targets of therapies against inflammation-associated depression, as well as to identify characteristics of patients that would benefit from these interventions, and, therefore, could contribute to improve personalization of treatment and to increase the overall rate of responders.
The nucleolar-related protein Dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1 (DKC1) predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Elsharawy Khloud A. , Mohammed Omar J. , Aleskandarany Mohammed A. , Hyder Ayman , El-Gammal Hekmat L. , Abou-Dobara Mohamed I. , Green Andrew R. , Dalton Leslie W. , Rakha Emad A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Hypertrophy of the nucleolus is a distinctive cytological feature of malignant cells and corresponds to aggressive behaviour. This study aimed to identify the key gene associated with nucleolar prominence (NP) in breast cancer (BC) and determine its prognostic significance.

Methods
From The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, digital whole slide images identified cancers having NP served as label and an information theory algorithm was applied to find which mRNA gene best explained NP. Dyskerin Pseudouridine Synthase 1 (DKC1) was identified. DKC1 expression was assessed using mRNA data of Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC, n = 1980) and TCGA (n = 855). DKC1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry in Nottingham BC cohort (n = 943).

Results
Nuclear and nucleolar expressions of DKC1 protein were significantly associated with higher tumour grade (p < 0.0001), high nucleolar score (p < 0.001) and poor Nottingham Prognostic Index (p < 0.0001). High DKC1 expression was associated with shorter BC-specific survival (BCSS). In multivariate analysis, DKC1 mRNA and protein expressions were independent risk factors for BCSS (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
DKC1 expression is strongly correlated with NP and its overexpression in BC is associated with unfavourable clinicopathological characteristics and poor outcome. This has been a detailed example in the correlation of phenotype with genotype.
Cannabidiol (CBD): a killer for inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Lowin Torsten , Tingting Ren , Zurmahr Julia , Classen Tim , Schneider Matthias , Pongratz Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytocannabinoid fromcannabis sativathat has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in several inflammatory conditions including arthritis. However, CBD binds to several receptors and enzymes and, therefore, its mode of action remains elusive. In this study, we show that CBD increases intracellular calcium levels, reduces cell viability and IL-6/IL-8/MMP-3 production of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF). These effects were pronounced under inflammatory conditions by activating transient receptor potential ankyrin (TRPA1), and by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Changes in intracellular calcium and cell viability were determined by using the fluorescent dyes Cal-520/PoPo3 together with cell titer blue and the luminescent dye RealTime-glo. Cell-based impedance measurements were conducted with the XCELLigence system and TRPA1 protein was detected by flow cytometry. Cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA. CBD reduced cell viability, proliferation, and IL-6/IL-8 production of RASF. Moreover, CBD increased intracellular calcium and uptake of the cationic viability dye PoPo3 in RASF, which was enhanced by pre-treatment with TNF. Concomitant incubation of CBD with the TRPA1 antagonist A967079 but not the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine reduced the effects of CBD on calcium and PoPo3 uptake. In addition, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, cyclosporin A, also blocked the effects of CBD on cell viability and IL-8 production. PoPo3 uptake was inhibited by the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel inhibitor DIDS and Decynium-22, an inhibitor for all organic cation transporter isoforms. CBD increases intracellular calcium levels, reduces cell viability, and IL-6/IL-8/MMP-3 production of RASF by activating TRPA1 and mitochondrial targets. This effect was enhanced by pre-treatment with TNF suggesting that CBD preferentially targets activated, pro-inflammatory RASF. Thus, CBD possesses anti-arthritic activity and might ameliorate arthritis via targeting synovial fibroblasts under inflammatory conditions.
MicroRNA-3148 acts as molecular switch promoting malignant transformation and adipocytic differentiation of immortalized human bone marrow stromal cells via direct targeting of the SMAD2/TGFβ pathway
Authors: Vishnubalaji Radhakrishnan , Elango Ramesh , Manikandan Muthurangan , Siyal Abdul-Aziz , Ali Dalia , Al-Rikabi Ammar , Hamam Dana , Hamam Rimi , Benabdelkamel Hicham , Masood Afshan , Alanazi Ibrahim O. , Alfadda Assim A. , Alfayez Musaad , Aldahmash Abdullah , Kassem Moustapha , Alajez Nehad M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) play a key role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression and are implicated in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, including cellular malignant transformation. In the current study, we investigated the role of miR-3148 in regulating human stromal (mesenchymal) stem cell (hMSC) differentiation and transformation. Stable expression of miR-3148 in telomerized hMSC (hMSC-miR-3148) led to significant increase in in vitro adipocytic differentiation and suppression of osteoblastic differentiation. Concordantly, global gene expression profiling revealed significant enrichment in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, and pathways related to enhanced cell movement and survival, whereas processes related to bone and connective tissue developments, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis were downregulated. Global proteomic analysis using 2D-DIGE followed by mass spectrometry (MS) revealed significant changes in protein expression in hMSC-miR-3148 and enrichment in protein networks associated with carcinogenesis. Functional studies revealed that hMSC-miR-3148 exhibited enhanced in vitro cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion, sphere formation, doxorubicin resistance, and increased active number of cells in S and G2/M cell cycle phases and formed sarcoma-like tumors with adipocyte infiltration when implanted into immunocompromised mice. SMAD2 was identified as bone fide gene target for miR-3148 using qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and UTR-based reporter assay. In agreement with our data, SMAD2 expression was downregulated in 47% of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that elevated miR-3148 expression correlates with poor prognosis in several human cancer types, including sarcoma. Our study identified miR-3148 as factor regulating hMSC differentiation and is involved in promoting malignant transformation of telomerized hMSC.
ddRAD sequencing-based genotyping for population structure analysis in cultivated tomato provides new insights into the genomic diversity of Mediterranean ‘da serbo’ type long shelf-life germplasm
Authors: Esposito Salvatore , Cardi Teodoro , Campanelli Gabriele , Sestili Sara , Díez María José , Soler Salvador , Prohens Jaime , Tripodi Pasquale 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDouble digest restriction-site associated sequencing (ddRAD-seq) is a flexible and cost-effective strategy for providing in-depth insights into the genetic architecture of germplasm collections. Using this methodology, we investigated the genomic diversity of a panel of 288 diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.) accessions enriched in ‘da serbo’ (called ‘de penjar’ in Spain) long shelf life (LSL) materials (152 accessions) mostly originating from Italy and Spain. The rest of the materials originate from different countries and include landraces for fresh consumption, elite cultivars, heirlooms, and breeding lines. Apart from their LSL trait, ‘da serbo’ landraces are of remarkable interest for their resilience. We identified 32,799 high-quality SNPs, which were used for model ancestry population structure and non-parametric hierarchical clustering. Six genetic subgroups were revealed, clearly separating most ‘da serbo’ landraces, but also the Spanish germplasm, suggesting a subdivision of the population based on type and geographical provenance. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the collection decayed very rapidly within <5 kb. We then investigated SNPs showing contrasted minor frequency allele (MAF) in ‘da serbo’ materials, resulting in the identification of high frequencies in this germplasm of several mutations in genes related to stress tolerance and fruit maturation such asCTR1andJAR1. Finally, a mini-core collection of 58 accessions encompassing most of the diversity was selected for further exploitation of key traits. Our findings suggest the presence of a genetic footprint of the ‘da serbo’ germplasm selected in the Mediterranean basin. Moreover, we provide novel insights on LSL ‘da serbo’ germplasm as a promising source of alleles for tolerance to stresses.
Tomato fruit as a model for tissue-specific gene silencing in crop plants
Authors: Feder Ari , Jensen Sarah , Wang Anquan , Courtney Lance , Middleton Lesley , Van Eck Joyce , Liu Yongsheng , Giovannoni James J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUse of CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9)-mediated genome editing has proliferated for use in numerous plant species to modify gene function and expression, usually in the context of either transient or stably inherited genetic alternations. While extremely useful in many applications, modification of some loci yields outcomes detrimental to further experimental evaluation or viability of the target organism. Expression of Cas9 under a promoter conferring gene knockouts in a tissue-specific subset of genomes has been demonstrated in insect and animal models, and recently in Arabidopsis. We developed an in planta GFP (green fluorescent protein) assay system to demonstrate fruit-specific gene editing in tomato using a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2 gene promoter. We then targeted a SET-domain containing polycomb protein, SlEZ2, previously shown to yield pleiotropic phenotypes when targeted via 35S-driven RNA interference and we were able to characterize fruit phenotypes absent additional developmental perturbations. Tissue-specific gene editing will have applications in assessing function of essential genes otherwise difficult to study via germline modifications and will provide routes to edited genomes in tissues that could not otherwise be recovered when their germline modification perturbs their normal development.
Auxin regulation and MdPIN expression during adventitious root initiation in apple cuttings
Authors: Guan Ling , Li Yingjun , Huang Kaihui , Cheng Zong-Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAdventitious root (AR) formation is critical for the efficient propagation of elite horticultural and forestry crops. Despite decades of research, the cellular processes and molecular mechanisms underlying AR induction in woody plants remain obscure. We examined the details of AR formation in apple (Malus domestica) M.9 rootstock, the most widely used dwarf rootstock for intensive production, and investigated the role of polar auxin transport in postembryonic organogenesis. AR formation begins with a series of founder cell divisions and elongation of the interfascicular cambium adjacent to vascular tissues. This process is associated with a relatively high indole acetic acid (IAA) content and hydrolysis of starch grains. Exogenous auxin treatment promoted this cell division, as well as the proliferation and reorganization of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membrane. In contrast, treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) inhibited cell division in the basal region of the cuttings and resulted in abnormal cell divisions during the early stage of AR formation. In addition, PIN-FORMED (PIN) transcripts were differentially expressed throughout the whole AR development process. We also detected upregulation of MdPIN8 and MdPIN10 during induction; upregulation of MdPIN4, MdPIN5, and MdPIN8 during extension; and upregulation of all MdPINs during AR initiation. This research provides an improved understanding of the cellular and molecular underpinnings of the AR process in woody plants.
Penetration of foliar-applied Zn and its impact on apple plant nutrition status: in vivo evaluation by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Xie Ruohan , Zhao Jianqi , Lu Lingli , Brown Patrick , Guo Jiansheng , Tian Shengke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe absorption of foliar fertilizer is a complex process and is poorly understood. The ability to visualize and quantify the pathway that elements take following their application to leaf surfaces is critical for understanding the science and for practical applications of foliar fertilizers. By the use of synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence to analyze the in vivo localization of elements, our study aimed to investigate the penetration of foliar-applied Zn absorbed by apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves with different physiological surface properties, as well as the possible interactions between foliar Zn level and the mineral nutrient status of treated leaves. The results indicate that the absorption of foliar-applied Zn was largely dependent on plant leaf surface characteristics. High-resolution elemental maps revealed that the high binding capacity of the cell wall for Zn contributed to the observed limitation of Zn penetration across epidermal cells. Trichome density and stomatal aperture had opposite effects on Zn fertilizer penetration: a relatively high density of trichomes increased the hydrophobicity of leaves, whereas the presence of stomata facilitated foliar Zn penetration. Low levels of Zn promoted the accumulation of other mineral elements in treated leaves, and the complexation of Zn with phytic acid potentially occurred owing to exposure to high-Zn conditions. The present study provides direct visual evidence for the Zn penetration process across the leaf surface, which is important for the development of strategies for Zn biofortification in crop species.
Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity
Authors: Sonter Laura J. , Dade Marie C. , Watson James E. M. , Valenta Rick K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRenewable energy production is necessary to halt climate change and reverse associated biodiversity losses. However, generating the required technologies and infrastructure will drive an increase in the production of many metals, creating new mining threats for biodiversity. Here, we map mining areas and assess their spatial coincidence with biodiversity conservation sites and priorities. Mining potentially influences 50 million km2 of Earth’s land surface, with 8% coinciding with Protected Areas, 7% with Key Biodiversity Areas, and 16% with Remaining Wilderness. Most mining areas (82%) target materials needed for renewable energy production, and areas that overlap with Protected Areas and Remaining Wilderness contain a greater density of mines (our indicator of threat severity) compared to the overlapping mining areas that target other materials. Mining threats to biodiversity will increase as more mines target materials for renewable energy production and, without strategic planning, these new threats to biodiversity may surpass those averted by climate change mitigation.
Rational design of DNA nanostructures for single molecule biosensing
Authors: Raveendran Mukhil , Lee Andrew J. , Sharma Rajan , Wälti Christoph , Actis Paolo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ability to detect low concentrations of biomarkers in patient samples is one of the cornerstones of modern healthcare. In general, biosensing approaches are based on measuring signals resulting from the interaction of a large ensemble of molecules with the sensor. Here, we report a biosensor platform using DNA origami featuring a central cavity with a target-specific DNA aptamer coupled with a nanopore read-out to enable individual biomarker detection. We show that the modulation of the ion current through the nanopore upon the DNA origami translocation strongly depends on the presence of the biomarker in the cavity. We exploit this to generate a biosensing platform with a limit of detection of 3 nM and capable of the detection of human C-reactive protein (CRP) in clinically relevant fluids. Future development of this approach may enable multiplexed biomarker detection by using ribbons of DNA origami with integrated barcoding.