bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The androgen receptor expression and its activity have different relationships with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Acosta-Lopez S. , Diaz-Bethencourt D. , Concepción-Massip T. , Martin-Fernandez de Basoa M. C. , Plata-Bello A. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez A. , Perez-Hernandez F. , Plata-Bello J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe role of the Androgen Receptor (AR) expression and its activity in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains inconclusive. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of the AR expression and its activity as prognostic biomarkers in HCC. Three-hundred and thirty-seven patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (107 females; 59.42 years [SD = 13.0]) were included. To infer AR activity, the expression-profile of previously validated androgen responsive genes (ARGs) was included. AR activity was shown by the AR-Score-21 (21 ARGs) and AR-Score-13 (13 ARGs) that were computed based on the expression of the selected ARGs. Those ARGs whose expression was significantly different between histological grades were used for computing two new AR-Scores. HCC patients with higher AR expression showed a higher median overall survival (OS). AR-Score 21 and AR-Score-13 did not show any association with prognosis. Six of the 21 ARGs of the AR-Score-21 and 7 of the 13 ARGs of the AR-Score-13 showed a significant different expression profile among histological grades. Based on these differences, another two AR-Scores were computed (AR-Score-6 and AR-Score-7). They showed the relative increase of upregulated to downregulated ARGs in high-grade HCC. Higher AR activity inferred by these AR-Scores was associated with worse outcomes. The expression of AR is associated with a better prognosis in HCC. However, the activity of the AR seems to be qualitatively different among histological grades. The AR activity inferred by the shifted ARGs is associated with a worse prognosis in HCC patients.
Identification of an immune-related six-long noncoding RNA signature as a novel prognosis biomarker for adenocarcinoma of lung
Authors: Miao Huikai , Chen Dongni , Li Rongzhen , Hu Jia , Chen Youfang , Xu Chunmei , Wen Zhesheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a heterogeneous disease with high mortality. Close attention has been paid to immunotherapy in LUAD treatment. However, immunotherapy has produced different therapeutic effects because of immune heterogeneity. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are survival prognostic indicators with functions in the immune process. The present study was designed to examine the predictive power of immune-related lncRNAs in LUAD prognosis and investigated potential molecular mechanisms.
Methods: Transcriptome profiling and LUAD sample clinical information were retrieved from online database. The immune-related lncRNAs signature was identified by Cox regression. Survival analysis was used to verify the validity of the prognosis model. Then, possible biological functions were predicted and the abundance of infiltrating immune cells in LUAD samples were further analyzed.
Results: An immune-associated lncRNAs signature was established by combining six lncRNAs. Patients with LUAD were stratified into high- and low-risk groups using the six lncRNAs signature. Patients in different risk levels had significantly different prognoses (P&lt;0.001), and the immune-associated lncRNAs signature was identified as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD. The functions of the lncRNA signature were confirmed as ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and signal sequence binding. The lncRNA signature negatively correlates with B-cell immune infiltration.
Conclusion: A reliable immune-related lncRNAs prognosis model for LUAD was identified. lncRNAs played a vital role in the tumor immune process and were associated with the LUAD prognosis. Research of lncRNAs in B-cell immune infiltration could provide new insight into the immunotherapy of LUAD.
Weight Category-dependent Trunk Muscle Strength and its Relation with LBP in Elite Judokas
Authors: Okada Takashi , Hakkaku Takayoshi , Iwai Kazunori , Nakazato Koichi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrunk muscle strength (TMS), especially rotator, is an important factor for both athletic performance and injury risks in judokas. However, the characteristics of TMS that depend on weight categories are still unclear. Although inadequate TMS might cause low back pain (LBP), the relationship between these two variables is not fully understood. In this study, weight category-dependent TMS and its relationship with LBP was investigated in Japanese judokas. The subjects were 66 male collegiate judokas, who were classified into the lightweight (N=14), middleweight (N=29) or heavyweight (N=23) category. The peak torques of extensor, flexor and rotator muscles were measured. The LBP group and non-LBP group were defined by questionnaire. TMS (normalized by body weight) in the heavier weight category showed a lower tendency in comparison with other categories, except for rotator strength. Significant differences were observed in the extensors (90 and 120 °/s; P<0.05) and flexors (60, 90 and 120 °/s; P<0.05). The LBP group (N=9) only showed significantly lower extensor (60 °/s; P<0.05) and right-rotator (60 °/s; P<0.01) strength in the heavyweight category compared with the non-LBP group (N=14). The relative TMS of judokas decreased in the heavyweight category, except for trunk rotator strength. Notably, low trunk extensor and rotator strengths are risk factors for LBP in heavyweight judokas.
Homogeneous Palladium-Catalyzed Selective Reduction of 2,2′-Biphenols Using HCO2H as Hydrogen Source
Authors: Yang Wen , Zhao Wanxiang , Li Ruoling , Li Chenchen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient homogeneous palladium-catalyzed selective deoxygenation of 2,2′-biphenols by reduction of aryl triflates with HCO2H as the hydrogen source is reported. This protocol complements the current method based on heterogeneous Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenation with hydrogen gas. This process provided the reduction products in good to excellent yields, which could be readily converted to various synthetically useful molecules, especially ligands for catalytic synthesis.
Iron-Catalyzed Remote C–H Alkylation of 8-Amidoquinolines with Cycloalkanes
Authors: Wu Mingbo , Yoshikai Naohiko , Xu Wengang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn iron-catalyzed, peroxide-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling between 8-amidoquinolines and cycloalkanes has been developed for the site-selective alkylation of the quinoline nucleus at the C5 position. The reaction tolerates various substituted N-(quinolin-8-yl)benzamides and N-(quinolin-8-yl)alkylamides, affording the corresponding C5-alkylation products in good yields. On the basis of control experiments, a reaction mechanism involving the addition of an alkyl radical to an iron-chelated intermediate is proposed.
Nickel-Catalyzed C–F/N–H Annulation of 2-(2-Fluoroaryl) N-Heteroaromatic Compounds with Alkynes: Activation of C–F Bonds
Authors: Chatani Naoto , Kawakami Haruka , Nohira Itsuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe reaction of 2-(2-fluoroaryl) N-heteroaromatic compounds, such as benzimidazole and indole derivatives, with internal alkynes in the presence of a catalytic amount of a nickel complex results in C–F/N–H annulation with alkynes. The reaction shows a high functional group compatibility. The presence of a strong base, such as KOBu­
t
or LiOBu
t
, is required for the reaction to proceed.
Nickel-Catalyzed N-Arylation of Amides with (Hetero)aryl Electrophiles by Using a DBU/NaTFA Dual-Base System
Authors: Stradiotto Mark , Lundrigan Travis , Tassone Joseph P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe first nickel-catalyzed N-arylation of amides with (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides employing an organic amine base is described. By using a bis(cyclooctadienyl)nickel/8-[2-(dicyclohexylphosphinyl)phenyl]-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6-trioxa-8-phosphaadamantane catalyst mixture in combination with DBU/NaTFA as a dual-base system, a diversity of (hetero)aryl chloride, bromide, tosylate, and mesylate electrophiles were successfully cross-coupled with structurally diverse primary amides, as well as a selection of secondary amide, lac­tam, and oxazolidone nucleophiles.
Bistability in the redox chemistry of sediments and oceans
Authors: van de Velde Sebastiaan J. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Ridgwell Andy , Meysman Filip J. R. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Changes in ocean redox chemistry are frequently observed in Earth’s history and have fundamental implications for the evolution of marine life. These transitions are commonly ascribed to large changes in the supply of iron, sulfur, or organic carbon in the deeper ocean. We propose that small variations in carbon input flux can drive nonreversible redox changes of the ocean interior and other anoxic systems, such as marine sediments. Nonlinear interactions in the iron and sulfur cycles create tipping points where regime shifts can occur between alternative stable states that are either iron dominated or sulfide dominated. The recognition that the biogeochemistry of sediments and oceans embeds intrinsic bistability provides a conceptual framework for understanding past and present anoxic marine systems.
Engineering 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase improves grain yield in heat-stressed maize
Authors: Ribeiro Camila , Hennen-Bierwagen Tracie A. , Myers Alan M. , Cline Kenneth , Settles A. Mark 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Heat stress reduces yield in maize by affecting the number of kernels that develop and the accumulation of seed storage molecules during grain fill. Climate change is expected to increase frequency and duration of high-temperature stress, which will lower grain yields. Here we show that one enzyme in central carbon metabolism is sensitive to high temperatures. By providing a heat-resistant form of the enzyme in the correct subcellular compartment, a larger number of kernels develop per plant during heat stress in the field. This genetic improvement could be included as part of integrated approaches to mitigate yield losses due to climate change.
Poststroke acute dysexecutive syndrome, a disorder resulting from minor stroke due to disruption of network dynamics
Authors: Marsh Elisabeth B. , Brodbeck Christian , Llinas Rafael H. , Mallick Dania , Kulasingham Joshua P. , Simon Jonathan Z. , Llinás Rodolfo R. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Patients with small infarcts often demonstrate a poststroke acute dysexecutive syndrome resulting in failure to successfully re-integrate into society. The mechanism is poorly understood given that lesions are small and do not typically involve areas classically associated with cognitive decline. This knowledge gap makes designing treatment strategies difficult. We used MEG to evaluate changes in cerebral processing in individuals with small strokes. MEG showed a decrease in the amplitude of activation and temporal dispersion of activation peaks in areas responsible for visual word processing, along with an inability to modulate activity in response to task difficulty. These changes suggest disruption of network dynamics resulting in inefficient processing. Functional connectivity studies to isolate affected networks are the critical next step.
Deep learning extended depth-of-field microscope for fast and slide-free histology
Authors: Jin Lingbo , Tang Yubo , Wu Yicheng , Coole Jackson B. , Tan Melody T. , Zhao Xuan , Badaoui Hawraa , Robinson Jacob T. , Williams Michelle D. , Gillenwater Ann M. , Richards-Kortum Rebecca R. , Veeraraghavan Ashok 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Traditional microscopy suffers from a fixed trade-off between depth-of-field (DOF) and spatial resolution—the higher the desired spatial resolution, the narrower the DOF. We present DeepDOF, a computational microscope that allows us to break free from this constraint and achieve >5× larger DOF while retaining cellular-resolution imaging—obviating the need for z-scanning and significantly reducing the time needed for imaging. The key ingredients that allow this advance are 1) an optimized phase mask placed at the microscope aperture; and 2) a deep-learning-based algorithm that turns sensor data into high-resolution, large-DOF images. DeepDOF offers an inexpensive means for fast and slide-free histology, suited for improving tissue sampling during intraoperative assessment and in resource-constrained settings.
A volume measurement method for pneumatic pressure vessels using compressed-air discharge
Authors: Peng Jiehong , Tadano Kotaro , Takeishi Hisami , Kagawa Toshiharu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In pneumatic systems, the volume of a pressure vessel can be assumed to be analogous to pneumatic capacitance, and is an important parameter that governs the pressure response of the system. Therefore, an accurate and high-fidelity volume measurement is an indispensable requirement for a high-precision pressure response system. However, in measurement of the volume of pneumatic pressure vessels, the conventional drainage method is inefficient, and may cause damage to the surfaces of the vessel. This paper proposes a new method that uses compressed-air discharge for volume measurement of pneumatic pressure vessels. The primary measurement equipment merely comprises an orifice and a pressure sensor. A formula that calculates the measured volume is obtained based on curves demonstrating the change in pressure derived as part of the experimental analysis conducted in this study. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, volumes of three test tanks, considered as pneumatic pressure vessels, were measured using this method. The measurement exercise was performed using three orifices, the effective areas of which were measured in advance. Through use of the proposed method, the error in volume measurement is found to be maintained below approximately 4% by selecting an appropriate shut pressure and orifice diameter. Additionally, the method offers other advantages of being convenient to use, fast, and low cost, as well as non-damaging and non-corrosive to the pressure vessel.
Microstructural evolution in self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires during in-situ TEM study
Authors: Gang Geun Won , Lee Jong Hoon , Kim Su Yeon , Jeong Taehyeon , Bin Kim Kyung , Thi Hong Men Nguyen , Kim Yu Ra , Ahn Sang Jung , Kim Chung Soo , Kim Young Heon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The microstructural evolutions in self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires (NWs) were investigated by using in situ heating transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphological changes of the self-catalyst metal gallium (Ga) droplet, the GaAs NWs, and the atomic behavior at the interface between the self-catalyst metal gallium and GaAs NWs were carefully studied by analysis of high-resolution TEM images. The microstructural change of the Ga-droplet/GaAs-NWs started at a low temperature of ∼200 °C. Formation and destruction of atomic layers were observed at the Ga/GaAs interface and slow depletion of the Ga droplet was detected in the temperature range investigated. Above 300 °C, the evolution process dramatically changed with time: The Ga droplet depleted rapidly and fast growth of zinc-blende (ZB) GaAs structures were observed in the droplet. The Ga droplet was completely removed with time and temperature. When the temperature reached ∼600 °C, the decomposition of GaAs was detected. This process began in the wurtzite (WZ) structure and propagated to the ZB structure. The morphological and atomistic behaviors in self-catalyzed GaAs NWs were demonstrated based on thermodynamic considerations, in addition to the effect of the incident electron beam in TEM. Finally, GaAs decomposition was demonstrated in terms of congruent vaporization.
Superconducting protector against electromagnetic pulses based on YBCO film prepared on an Al2O3 substrate with a CeO2 sublayer
Authors: Vertelis V , Stankevic T , Balevicius S , Stankevic V , Zurauskiene N , Plausinaitiene V , Tolvaisiene S , Schneider M , Simkevicius C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The electric and magnetic properties of microbridges made from 440 nm thick Y–Ba–Cu–O films prepared on Al2O3 substrates with CeO2 sublayers by the pulsed injection metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method were studied in temperatures ranging from 20 K to 300 K in order to investigate the possibilities of using these microbridges as fast fault current limiters. The application of an external magnetic field (

B

ex

) causes the flux flow induced magneto-resistive effect, which is proportional to

B

ex

and to

B

ex

1

/

2

at low and high temperatures, respectively. The experimentally obtained S-shaped I–V characteristic and the change of the microbridge resistance over time when affected by a step-like magnetic field can be well explained using a thermo-electrical model based on Joule heating and the flux flow nature of the resistive state (RS). The transition from the superconducting to the RS, studied using ns duration rectangular waveform electrical pulses able to create up to ≈2106 A cm−2 current densities without rises of microbridge temperatures, demonstrated that the I–V characteristics of the RSs consisting of an assembly of straight lines corresponding to the different pinning centers. At temperatures close to the critical temperature of superconductivity, the number of these lines increases, and the I–V characteristics can be described with high accuracy by a power law. It was concluded that microbridges made from these films can be used as protectors against complicated waveform electromagnetic pulses having short rise times, high voltage peak amplitudes and long low-value over-current ‘tails’.
Reliable 4.8 T trapped magnetic fields in Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductors using pulsed field magnetization
Authors: Zhou Difan , Srpcic Jan , Huang Kaiyuan , Ainslie Mark , Shi Yunhua , Dennis Anthony , Boll Martin , Filipenko Mykhaylo , Cardwell David , Durrell John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A robust and reliable in-situ magnetization method is essential for exploiting the outstanding magnetic flux trapping ability of bulk superconductors in practical applications. We report a 4.8 T peak trapped magnetic field, B
T, achieved at 30 K in a 36 mm diameter GdBa2Cu3O7-δ
–Ag bulk superconductor using pulsed field magnetization (PFM). To realize this, we have developed a reliable two-step multi-pulse PFM process based on understanding and exploiting the avalanche-like flux jump phenomenon observed in these materials. The magnitude of the applied pulsed magnetic field (B
a) necessary to trap 4.8 T was merely 5.29 T, corresponding to a remarkable magnetization efficiency (B
T/B
a) of 90%.
When Global Becomes Municipal: US Cities Localizing Unratified International Human Rights Law
Authors: Haddad Heidi Nichols 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
International human rights law is most efficacious when it is both incorporated into domestic law and translated into local contexts. Yet, cities as independent implementers of unratified international law have received limited scholarly attention. This article examines such renegade municipal localization of international law through an analysis of San Francisco and Los Angeles’s binding ordinances implementing the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) – a treaty to which the United States in not a party. The analysis demonstrates that municipal ordinances in US charter cities are robust legal mechanisms that can help actualize human rights in large urban populations, despite national inaction. Nonetheless, municipal localization of unratified international law – in both the content of the ordinances and their implementation over time – is driven predominantly by local context and city politics rather than conformity to the international treaty on which the ordinances are based. While this importantly demonstrates that unratified international law can be made relevant to cities, the insularity of local ordinances can also result in limited accountability for non-implementation and the ordinances evolving apart from international treaty developments.
Spousal Activity Limitations and Depressive Symptoms: Benefits of Spousal Caregiving and Costs of Spousal Pain
Authors: Han Sae Hwang , Kim Kyungmin , Burr Jeffrey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Experiencing difficulties in performing basic activities of daily living poses significant challenges for older adults living with such limitations and also for their spouses. A growing body of evidence demonstrates cross-spousal linkages between activity limitations and depressive symptoms. However, under what conditions these linkages may be strengthened or weakened has received little attention in the literature. We addressed this gap by examining whether a) providing spousal caregiving and b) spousal pain moderated the link between spousal activity limitations and one’s own depressive symptoms. We used seven waves of longitudinal household data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004-2016; N=12,369) to estimate within-person associations between spousal activity limitations and depressive symptoms, focusing on the moderating roles of caregiving behavior and spousal pain. In particular, asymmetric fixed effects models were used to estimate the unique effects of transitioning into a spousal caregiver role in the context of spousal activity limitations. Results from multilevel models were gendered. For wives (but not for husbands), transitioning into a caregiver role to provide spousal care alleviated depressive symptoms associated with spousal activity limitations, whereas depressive symptoms were increased when husbands with activity limitations also reported frequent, moderate to severe pain. Our findings indicate that the link between spousal activity limitations and depressive symptoms is not uniform, and that the cross-spousal association may best be understood when relevant contextual factors are considered. The findings are also in line with recent studies showing that caregiving may also lead to enhanced well-being and reduced mortality risk under some circumstances.
Positive Aspects of Caregiving Among Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Asirot Mary Grace , Papazyan Anna , Song Yeonsu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Traditionally, caregiving for individuals with dementia has been viewed as a negative experience. Understanding positive aspect of caregiving and related factors is important to improve health among family caregivers. We analyzed baseline data from an ongoing dyadic sleep education trial for individuals with dementia and their caregivers (N=21 dyads; mean age 70.8± 11.1 for caregivers, 80.5± 8.3 for care-recipients). The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC 9-item) was used to assess subjective satisfaction with caregiving. Other measures included Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), SF-12 Health Survey (SF-12v2), Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Pearson correlations and t-tests were calculated for analyses. Caregivers most frequently endorsed that caregiving enabled them to appreciate life more (n=16 agreed a lot). Caregivers who began providing care within the first few months of the care-recipient needing care (n=16) had greater positive aspects of caregiving than those who started providing care sometime later (n=5) (36.37±7.33 versus 25.8±8.29, p=0.01). Caregivers with higher PAC scores had lower ZBI score (r=-0.49, p=0.02), better mental health on the SF-12v2 (r=0.53, p=0.01), less distress related to care-recipient behaviors on the RMBPC (r=-0.50, p=0.02), and lower PSQI subscale (perceived sleep quality) score (r= -0.46, p=0.04). Findings suggest that higher positive caregiving experience was associated with better mental health and sleep quality, and less burden and distress from the care-recipients behaviors. More research is needed to better understand this relationship and to determine possible interventions to increase positive aspects of caregiving.