bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent emergency department use by older adults with ambulatory care sensitive conditions: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Dufour Isabelle , Chiu Yohann , Courteau Josiane , Chouinard Maud‐Christine , Dubuc Nicole , Hudon Catherine 
Published: February 2020

AimTo identify factors associated with frequent emergency department (ED) use among older adults with ambulatory care sensitive conditions.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using databases from the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec. We included community‐dwelling individuals aged ≥65 years in the Province of Quebec (Canada), who consulted in ED at least once between 2012 and 2013 (index period), and were diagnosed with at least one ambulatory care sensitive condition in the 2 years preceding and including the index date (n = 264 473). We used a multivariate logistic regression model to evaluate the association between independent variables and being a frequent geriatric ED user, defined as four or more visits during the year after the index date.ResultsOut of the total study population, 17 332 (6.6%) individuals were considered frequent ED users in the year after the index date, accounting for 38% of ED uses for this period. The main variables associated with frequent geriatric ED use were older age, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or diabetes, higher comorbidity index, common mental health disorders, polypharmacy, higher number of past ED and specialist visits, rural residence, and higher material and social deprivation. Dementia was inversely associated with frequent ED use.ConclusionsFrequent geriatric ED users constitute a complex population whose characteristics need to be managed thoroughly in order to enhance the quality and efficiency of their care. Further studies should address their description in administrative databases so as to combine self‐perceived and professionally evaluated variables. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 317–323.
Attitudes of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students towards mental illness in Nigeria: a comparative survey
Authors: Anosike Chibueze , Ukwe Chinwe Victoria , Oparah Azuka Cyriacus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesGlobally, persons with mental illness are victims of stigma, even among healthcare professionals and trainees. However, in Nigeria, little is known about the attitudes of pharmacy students towards people with mental illness. Therefore, the objectives of this paper were to assess and compare the attitudes of pharmacy and non-pharmacy students towards mental illness and explore its associated demographic factors.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among pharmacy and selected non-pharmacy students of a Nigerian university. The Attitude Scale for Mental Illness was used for data collection. The survey instrument was distributed to and completed by selected students in batches after normal class lectures. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used for data analysis. P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Key findingsThe key findings showed that pharmacy and non-pharmacy students generally demonstrated positive attitudes towards mental illness. Pharmacy students had more positive, less stigmatizing attitudes compared with students of non-pharmacy courses. Students' attitudes towards mental illness were significantly influenced by gender, age, a previous visit to a mental hospital and knowing a family member or friend with a mental illness.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that students' attitudes towards mental illness were positive but sub-optimal. Student pharmacists demonstrated more positive attitudes towards mental illness compared with non-pharmacy students. However, the major contributors to positive attitudes were male gender, older age, a previous visit to a mental hospital and having a close associate with a mental illness. Therefore, educational interventions addressing students’ misconceptions of mental illness are recommended.
A proximity‐based image‐processing algorithm for colloid assignment in segmented multiphase flow datasets
Authors: BRUECK C.L. , WILDENSCHILD D. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryColloidal transport and deposition are of both environmental and engineering importance. Easier access to x‐ray microtomography (XMT) coupled with improved imaging resolution has made XMT a unique and viable tool for visualizing and quantifying these processes. Currently, there is scant information in the literature addressing colloid segmentation and analysis in saturated and unsaturated porous media, in particular related to spatial partitioning of colloids. To support this need, an approach to assign segmented colloidal particles and aggregates to different partitioning classes based on their proximity to different phases is presented here. The method uses different markers for each attachment site (e.g. wetting‐nonwetting phase interfaces). An example XMT dataset from a drainage experiment is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the image processing algorithms. Flow conditions, and fluid and colloid properties, can thus be compared to the behaviour of colloids within the porous medium. This algorithm can help elucidate colloidal deposition mechanisms and the importance of different attachment sites, explore the importance of fluid properties, as well as the arrangement and shape of the colloids.
Cloning and functional testing of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) IL‐9 and IL‐33
Authors: Sarkar Sanghita , Hessell Ann J. , Haigwood Nancy L. , Kobie James J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIL‐9 and IL‐33 can profoundly influence immune responses. As a necessary first step toward defining their impact in the rhesus macaque model, we confirmed their endogenous expression and sequence identity and generated expression vectors for the recombinant expression of rhesus IL‐9 and IL‐33.MethodsRT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing was used to define the expression and sequences for rhesus IL‐9 and IL‐33. The resulting recombinant cytokines were tested by ELISA and proliferation assays.ResultsFull‐length rhesus IL‐9 and the mature form of rhesus IL‐33 share 78% and 73% nucleotide similarity, respectively, with humans. Both cytokines are expressed in lymphocytes, with IL‐9 expression also evident in CD4+ T cells. Recombinantly expressed rhesus IL‐9 and IL‐33 were each biologically active in vitro, including enhancing the proliferation of a rhesus B cell line.ConclusionsThe recombinant rhesus IL‐9 and IL‐33 constructs produce biologically active cytokines that can act upon rhesus B cells.
Illness Perceptions, Coping Strategies, and Quality of Life in People With Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Yang Cong‐Yan , Inder Kerry , Chan Sally Wai-Chi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether illness perceptions, coping strategies, and sociodemographic and clinical variables are related to the quality of life (QoL) in adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) living in China.DesignBy employing a cross‐sectional design based on the transactional stress and coping theory, a convenience sample of adults with MCCs were recruited from a university‐affiliated hospital between November 2017 and May 2018 in Northern Anhui, China.MethodsA self‐reported questionnaire, including the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire, the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory, and the Short Form Survey version 2, was administered. Sociodemographic and clinical data regarding MCCs were also collected. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, means, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between illness perceptions, coping, and QoL. Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to identify variables associated with physical and mental QoL.FindingsA total of 351 participants (50% male) were recruited, with a mean age of 58.9 years (SD = 14.6). Of the participants, 83% had two chronic conditions. Participants reported impaired physical and mental QoL when compared with the general population in China. Poorer QoL was correlated with stronger illness perceptions of consequences and timeline and increased use of denial and disengagement and self‐blame. Increasing age and more chronic conditions were associated with worse QoL. A higher education level was significantly associated with better physical and mental QoL.ConclusionsThis study found that adults with MCCs living in China experienced impaired QoL. The strong relationship found between the participants’ perceptions of MCCs, coping strategies, and QoL suggested that healthcare professionals should recognize the physical and psychological impacts of MCCs and address the significance of adaptations to MCCs in future treatment programs. The findings will help healthcare professionals design more specific interventions to modify illness perceptions and enhance certain coping strategies to improve the QoL of people with MCCs. Healthcare professionals can mobilize available resources from healthcare and social systems to enhance people’s coping and adaptation to MCCs.Clinical RelevanceWith an understanding of the illness perceptions of people with MCCs, healthcare professionals could offer information related to consequences, timeline, and personal control to enable better alignment between people’s expectations and their actual situations. By knowing people’s coping strategies, healthcare professionals can offer additional support to people who prefer strategies of denial and disengagement and self‐blame.
What is the nursing time and workload involved in taking and recording patients’ vital signs? A systematic review
Authors: Dall’Ora Chiara , Griffiths Peter , Hope Joanna , Barker Hannah , Smith Gary B 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo synthesise evidence regarding the time nurses take to monitor and record vital signs observations and to calculate early warning scores.BackgroundWhile the importance of vital signs’ monitoring is increasingly highlighted as a fundamental means of maintaining patient safety and avoiding patient deterioration, the time and associated workload involved in vital signs activities for nurses are currently unknown.DesignSystematic review.MethodsA literature search was performed up to 17 December 2019 in CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library using the following terms: vital signs; monitoring; surveillance; observation; recording; early warning scores; workload; time; and nursing. We included studies performed in secondary or tertiary ward settings, where vital signs activities were performed by nurses, and we excluded qualitative studies and any research conducted exclusively in paediatric or maternity settings. The study methods were compliant with the PRISMA checklist.ResultsOf 1,277 articles, we included 16 papers. Studies described taking vital signs observations as the time to measure/collect vital signs and time to record/document vital signs. As well as mean times being variable between studies, there was considerable variation in the time taken within some studies as standard deviations were high. Documenting vital signs observations electronically at the bedside was faster than documenting vital signs away from the bed.ConclusionsVariation in the method(s) of vital signs measurement, the timing of entry into the patient record, the method of recording and the calculation of early warning scores values across the literature make direct comparisons of their influence on total time taken difficult or impossible.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a very limited body of research that might inform workload planning around vital signs observations. This uncertainty means the resource implications of any recommendation to change the frequency of observations associated with early warning scores are unknown.
Effects of the dietary inclusion of a probiotic or prebiotic on florfenicol pharmacokinetic profile in broiler chicken
Authors: Elgeddawy Samy A. , Shaheen Hazem M. , El‐Sayed Yasser S. , Abd Elaziz Magdy , Darwish Ashraf , Samak Dalia , Batiha Gaber E. , Mady Rehab A. , Bin‐Jumah May , Allam Ahmed A. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Taha Ayman E. , El‐Mleeh Amany , El‐Sayed Sabry A. A. , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Elnesr Shaaban S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of prebiotic or probiotic as feed additives on florfenicol kinetic in broilers feed. Unsexed two hundred, thirty‐five‐day‐old broiler chickens, were put in four equal groups (n = 50). The first group was administrated florfenicol intravenous at 30 mg/kg body weight (BW) only once dosage without pre‐ or probiotic administration to determine the bioavailability. While, the second group was administrated florfenicol (intracrop routes; a dosage of 30 mg/kg BW for five progressive days) without pre‐ or probiotic co‐administration. The third and the fourth groups were administrated the same dose of florfenicol (intracrop route) for five successive days, followed by 10 days of prebiotic or probiotic treatment respectively. The plasma florfenicol % was identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after the first florfenicol administration (intravenous or intracrop routes) in all groups. Then, the residual levels of florfenicol were determined in liver, kidney and muscle tissues from the second, third and fourth groups which were exposed to florfenicol orally. Our results demonstrated that broilers pre‐treated with prebiotic or probiotic significantly increased Cmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–inf as well as AUMC values, while significant drop was recorded in V/F and CL/F. Prebiotic or probiotic influenced the cumulative effect of florfenicol in liver and kidney tissues of treated birds.
Perception of creaminess in foods
Authors: Upadhyay Rituja , Aktar Tugba , Chen Jianshe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFood texture and mouthfeel play a crucial role in product and consumer acceptability. Creaminess, enjoyed by consumers, is a complex, multimodal sensory perception involving olfactory, gustatory and tactile cues. Oral viscosity and lubrication are the key underlying physical properties that define the mechanism of creaminess perception. Thickness, smoothness, mouth‐coating, and dairy flavor can together play roles in the sensation of creaminess. The aim of this review is to present an understanding of the term” creaminess” along with different modalities involved in its perception, and to explore the oral physiological parameters and key physical properties that may be involved in the different oral modalities. An analysis of the previously examined links between food structure and composition and oral physiological parameters is presented. The review also presents a brief summary of previous models describing contributions of taste, aroma, and textural sensations. It emphasizes on the role of oral processing in testing proposed models with experimental evidence supporting those models and the future trends to enhance creaminess.
Agreement of stall‐side and laboratory major crossmatch tests with the reference standard method in horses
Authors: Fenn Melissa S. , Bortsie‐Aryee Araba D. , Perkins Gillian A. , Mann Sabine , Tomlinson Joy E. , Wood Emma M. , Mix Susan E. , Stokol Tracy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCrossmatching is used to prevent life‐threatening transfusion reactions in horses. Laboratory methods are laborious and technically challenging, which is impractical during emergencies.Hypothesis/ObjectivesEvaluate agreement between a stall‐side crossmatch kit (KIT) and a laboratory method (LAB) in horses with known and unknown blood types.AnimalsTwenty‐four blood‐typed and alloantibody‐screened healthy adult horses (Aim 1) and 156 adult horses of unknown blood type (Aim 2).MethodsProspective, blinded study. Expected positive (n = 35) and negative (n = 36) crossmatches among 24 antibody and blood‐typed horses were used to determine sensitivity and specificity of KIT and LAB against the reference method. Agreement in 156 untyped horses was evaluated by reciprocal crossmatch (n = 156).ResultsSensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]) for LAB and KIT compared with expected reactions was 77.1% (59.9%‐90.0%) and 91.4% (77.0%‐98.2%), and specificity 77.8% (60.9%‐89.9%) and 73.5% (55.6%‐87.1%), respectively. The KIT was 100% sensitive for Aa reactions; LAB was 100% sensitive for Qab; and both were 100% sensitive for Ca. Cohen's κ agreement for LAB and KIT with expected positive and negative reactions (n = 71) was moderate (0.55 [0.36‐0.74]) and substantial (0.65 [0.47‐0.82]), respectively. Agreement was fair comparing LAB with KIT in Aim 1 (0.30 [0.08‐0.52]) and in untyped horses in Aim 2 (0.26 [0.11‐0.41]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAgreement between KIT and LAB with expected reactions was blood type dependent. Performance of both methods depends on blood type prevalence.
Exploratory evaluation of the effects of Kelpak® seaweed extract on cultivated kelp Saccharina spp. exposed to sublethal and lethal temperatures
Authors: Umanzor Schery , Shin Sookkyung , Yarish Charles , Augyte Simona , Kim Jang K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKelpak® is a seaweed extract from the phaeophyte, Ecklonia maxima, used to enhance growth and production of terrestrial plants. It is also beneficial for some red and green seaweeds. As such, we assessed if Kelpak® could enhance growth and thermal tolerance of the brown seaweeds, Saccharina latissima and S. angustissima. Juvenile sporophytes were dipped (30 or 60 min) in Kelpak® solutions of different concentrations (0.001, 0.005, 0.05, 1, and 5 ml L−1). These sporophytes were then cultivated in half‐strength PES at different temperatures (12, 16, 19, 23 and 25°C ± 1) for 20 days. The surviving sporophytes were then moved to 18 ± 1°C and cultivated for 14 additional days. Results show that temperature was the main factor driving survival and growth. Both species exposed to the temperatures of 23 and 25°C died during the first 7 days. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in growth of sporophytes at the temperatures of 12 and 16°C. Results also show that treated sporophytes exposed to 18°C, the sublethal temperature, particularly of S. angustissima showed a higher survival and overall vigor than nontreated sporophytes. These results indicate that Kelpak® may enhance thermal tolerance and growth of S. latissima and S. angustissima exposed to sublethal temperatures.
Corals in the hottest reefs in the world exhibit symbiont fidelity not flexibility
Authors: Howells Emily J. , Bauman Andrew G. , Vaughan Grace O. , Hume Benjamin C. C. , Voolstra Christian R. , Burt John A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReef‐building corals are at risk of extinction from ocean warming. While some corals can enhance their thermal limits by associating with dinoflagellate photosymbionts of superior stress tolerance, the extent to which symbiont communities will reorganize under increased warming pressure remains unclear. Here we show that corals in the hottest reefs in the world in the Persian Gulf maintain associations with the same symbionts across 1.5 years despite extreme seasonal warming and acute heat stress (≥35°C). Persian Gulf corals predominantly associated with Cladocopium (clade C) and most also hosted Symbiodinium (clade A) and/or Durusdinium (clade D). This is in contrast to the neighbouring and milder Oman Sea, where corals associated with Durusdinium and only a minority hosted background levels of Cladocopium. During acute heat stress, the higher prevalence of Symbiodinium and Durusdinium in bleached versus nonbleached Persian Gulf corals indicates that genotypes of these background genera did not confer bleaching resistance. Within symbiont genera, the majority of ITS2 rDNA type profiles were unique to their respective coral species, confirming the existence of host‐specific symbiont lineages. Notably, further differentiation among Persian Gulf sites demonstrates that symbiont populations are either isolated or specialized over tens to hundreds of kilometres. Thermal tolerance across coral species was associated with the prevalence of a single ITS2 intragenomic sequence variant (C3gulf), definitive of the Cladocopium thermophilum group. The abundance of C3gulf was highest in bleaching‐resistant corals and at warmer sites, potentially indicating a specific symbiont genotype (or set of genotypes) that may play a role in thermal tolerance that warrants further investigation. Together, our findings indicate that co‐evolution of host–Symbiodiniaceae partnerships favours fidelity rather than flexibility in extreme environments and under future warming.
Beyond “unwinding”: Constitutional review strategies in consociations
Authors: Gal Andras 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article contributes to the emerging literature on the role of constitutional courts in consociational democracies. While most works have approached the topic from the perspective of regime dynamics, this analysis focuses on how courts relate to the constitutions they are mandated to enforce. Beyond addressing the empirical question of what choices courts make in their balancing between universal values and stability, this article also investigates how courts do this balancing. Through the analysis of seven cases from two consociations, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Northern Ireland, I argue that courts embrace specific interpretive approaches (proportionality analysis, purposive interpretation, and the political question doctrine) to reconcile the ideas of constitutional supremacy and respect for political agreements. The analysis also demonstrates how—by their nature political—framework agreements establishing consociational settlements become primary reference points for interpreting constitutional documents.
Mapping nursing practices in rehabilitation units in Spain and the United Kingdom: A multiple case study
Authors: Granel Nina , Bernabeu‐Tamayo Maria Dolors 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBecause of the crisis in the health sector with few employment opportunities, many Spanish nurses are looking for professional development abroad. No studies have mapped nursing practices across Europe. The aim of this research was to provide a comprehensive approach to understand nursing practices and features of the context in Spain and the United Kingdom within the rehabilitation unit and to discuss those practices from a patient safety point of view. Multiple case study design with thematic analysis was applied in this study. The methods for data collection were in‐depth interviews, nonparticipant observations, and document analysis. Results were classified into six categories: resources, techniques and nursing procedures, patients' personal care, health education, documentation task, and attitudes and communication skills. This study concludes that differences exist between nursing practices despite both countries having similar nursing competences. In addition, the UK unit has a positive safety culture, recognizes that mistakes happen, and applies more barriers to avoid them. The study provides valuable information to help the decision‐making process for Spanish nurses considering working in the UK.