bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage‐receptor binding proteins for multiplex detection of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus in blood
Authors: Santos Sílvio B. , Cunha Alexandra P. , Macedo Mariana , Nogueira Catarina L. , Brandão Ana , Costa Susana P. , Melo Luís D. R. , Azeredo Joana , Carvalho Carla M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHealthcare‐associated infections (HCAIs) affect hundreds of millions of patients, representing a significant burden for public health. They are usually associated to multidrug resistant bacteria, which increases their incidence and severity. Bloodstream infections are among the most frequent and life‐threatening HCAIs, with Enterococcus and Staphylococcus among the most common isolated pathogens. The correct and fast identification of the etiological agents is crucial for clinical decision‐making, allowing to rapidly select the appropriate antimicrobial and to prevent from overuse and misuse of antibiotics and the consequent increase in antimicrobial resistance. Conventional culture methods are still the gold standard to identify these pathogens, however, are time‐consuming and may lead to erroneous diagnosis, which compromises an efficient treatment. (Bacterio)phage receptor binding proteins (RBPs) are the structures responsible for the high specificity conferred to phages against bacteria and thus are very attractive biorecognition elements with high potential for specific detection and identification of pathogens. Taking into account all these facts, we have designed and developed a new, fast, accurate, reliable and unskilled diagnostic method based on newly identified phage RBPs and spectrofluorometric techniques that allows the multiplex detection of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus in blood samples in less than 1.5 hr after an enrichment step.
Mining, the environment, and human rights in Ghana: An area of limited statehood perspective
Authors: Idemudia Uwafiokun , Kwakyewah Cynthia , Muthuri Judy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough the global norms meant to guide corporate environmental human rights conducts have steadily improved, there have been limited efforts directed at exploring whether business‐related environmental human rights infringements have as a result reduced. To address this gap, this paper examines the extent to which mining companies meet their responsibility to respect human rights and ensure that environmental rights of community members in mining areas are not violated. By privileging community voices, the paper offers nuanced insight into why gaps continue to persist between corporate commitment to human rights objectives and community experience in areas of limited statehood (ALS). We show that weak governmental capacity, neoliberal business model, and differences in sociocultural logics mediate between corporate environmental human rights commitments and their conduct on the ground. The paper concludes by considering the theoretical implications for business and human rights in ALS.
A Study Space Analysis for Multiple Interviewing of Child Witnesses
Authors: Waterhouse Genevieve F. , Ridley Anne M. , Bull Ray , Wilcock Rachel 
Published: July 2020

This article presents a study space analysis of 44 published research studies examining the use of multiple interviews with child victims/witnesses. Study space analysis is a method of detecting gaps in the existing literature and thus determining whether ecologically valid situations that arise in practice have actually been addressed and studied. The use of this methodology is particularly useful for techniques which are being considered for changes in policy or practice, ensuring that the literature is sufficient to warrant change. Multiple or repeated interviewing has been argued by some authors to be ready for change. However, in the present study space analysis, it is concluded that despite a growing literature, there are still some key variables which require research examination prior to policy change. In particular, research is needed involving samples of children between 11 and 18 years old, participants with multiple needs and interviews regarding repeated events. Findings from the online supplementary material also identify the need for studies with longer delays between the event and the initial interview, more than two interviews of a child, phased multiple interviews and interviews conducted by professional interviewers.‘This article presents a study space analysis of 44 published research studies examining the use of multiple interviews with child victims/witnesses’Key Practitioner Messages

Some researchers suggest that interviewing a child more than once about an event can be beneficial for police investigations as it leads to additional accurate details.
This study concludes that there are key variables yet to be studied under controlled conditions and thus more research is required before comprehensive policy change is recommended.
Future research is required with adolescent participants, children with multiple needs and interviews about repeated events.
Cyclotide Structures Revealed by NMR, with a Little Help from X‐ray Crystallography
Authors: Handley Thomas N. G. , Wang Conan K. , Harvey Peta J. , Lawrence Nicole , Craik David J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis review highlights the predominant role that NMR has had in determining the structures of cyclotides, a fascinating class of macrocyclic peptides found in plants. Cyclotides contain a cystine knot, a compact structural motif that is constrained by three disulfide bonds and able to resist chemical and biological degradation. Their resistance to proteolytic degradation has made cyclotides appealing as drug leads. Herein, we examine the developments that led to the identification and conclusive determination of the disulfide connectivity of cyclotides and describe in detail the structural features of exemplar cyclotides. We also review the role that X‐ray crystallography has played in resolving cyclotide structures and describe how racemic crystallography opened up the possibility of obtaining previously inaccessible X‐ray structures of cyclotides.
Optical coherence tomography predictors of target vessel myocardial infarction after provisional stenting in patients with coronary bifurcation disease
Authors: Li Xiaobo , Kan Jing , She Liping , Shrestha Rajiv , Pan Tao , You Wei , Wu Zhiming , Ge Zhen , Zhang Jun‐Jie , Gogas Bill D. , Ye Fei , Chen Shao‐Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundProvisional side branch (SB) stenting is correlated with target vessel myocardial infarction (TVMI) in patients with coronary bifurcation lesions. However, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the correlation between SB lesion length with vulnerable plaques and TVMI using optical coherence tomography (OCT).BackgroundThe correlation between SB lesion length with vulnerable plaques and TVMI is unknown.MethodsA total of 405 patients with 405 bifurcation lesions who underwent preprocedure OCT imaging of both the main vessel (MV) and the SB were enrolled. Patients were divided into long SB lesion (SB lesion length ≥10 mm) and short SB lesion (SB lesion length <10 mm) groups according to quantitative coronary analysis; they were also stratified by the presence of vulnerable plaques identified by OCT. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of TVMI after provisional stenting at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 178 (43.9%) patients had long SB lesions. Vulnerable plaques were predominantly localized in the MV and were more frequently in the long SB lesion group (42.7%) than in the short SB lesion group (24.2%, p < .001). At 1‐year follow‐up after provisional stenting, there were 31 (7.7%) TVMIs, with 21 (11.8%) in the long SB lesion group and 10 (4.4%) in the short SB lesion group (p = .009). Multivariate regression analysis showed that long SB lesion length (p = .011), absence of vulnerable plaques in the polygon of confluence (p = .001), and true coronary bifurcation lesions (p = .004) were the three independent factors of TVMI.ConclusionsThe presence of long SB lesion with MV vulnerable plaques predicts the increased risk of TVMI after provisional stenting in patients with true coronary bifurcation lesions. Further studies are warranted to identify the best stenting techniques for coronary bifurcation lesions with long SB lesions.
Encapsulated fat necrosis mimicking abdominal liposarcoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Osaki Tomohiro , Tatebe Shigeru , Goto Keisuke , Endo Kanenori , Nakamura Seiichi , Hirooka Yasuaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a case of an encapsulated fat necrosis without significant medical history. To differentiate from liposarcoma, it should be recognized that a half of abdominal encapsulated fat necrosis cases have a history of inflammation and surgery.
Discerning Activity and Inactivity in Earth‐Abundant Molecular Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Craig Michael John , García‐Melchor Max 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost computational studies on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) focus on systems which are known to catalyze this process experimentally. This work computationally examines a number of earth‐abundant metal (M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) complexes with tetradentate coordinating anionic ligands which, subject to the same experimental conditions, either evolve or do not evolve oxygen. We offer an account for the inactivity of catalysts and develop an effective thermodynamic descriptor to describe the activity of those catalysts that do evolve oxygen. Additionally, we describe how the functionalization of certain Fe OER catalysts can boost activity. Finally, to allow for the rapid evaluation of homogeneous OER catalysts within this family of complexes, high‐level heuristics to computationally screen these catalysts are detailed.
New Antivirals and Antibacterials Based on Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Albo Yael , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rediscovery of the medical uses of silver provides another noticeable example, this time at the interface of chemistry and medicine, of the real (and nonlinear) progress of scientific research. Several new silver‐based antimicrobial products have thus been commercialized in the last two decades. Next‐generation antibacterials and antivirals of broad scope, low toxicity and affordable cost, we argue in this study, will be based on microencapsulated Ag nanoparticles.
Optimal Geometric Parameters for 3D Electrodes in Bioelectrochemical Systems: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Moß Christopher , Jarmatz Niklas , Heinze Janina , Scholl Stephan , Schröder Uwe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the performance of electroactive bacteria (EAB), cultivated inside tubular electrode ducts, is systematically investigated to derive predictions on the behavior of EAB under conditions limited by electrochemical losses. A modeling approach is applied to assess the influence of the electrochemical losses on the electrochemical performance and scaling characteristics of complex 3D structures, such as sponges and foams. A modular flow reactor is designed that provides laminar and reproducible flow conditions as a platform for the systematic electrochemical and bioelectrochemical characterization of 3D electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BES). The bioelectrochemical experiments are carried out in a set of reactors incorporating cylindrical electrodes exhibiting ducts of 1 cm length and different diameters ranging from 0.1 cm up to 1 cm. Single duct calculations are extrapolated to three dimensions through geometrical considerations; trends in 3D bioanode performance are demonstrated using the resulting simplified 3D structure. The combined experimental and modeling approach constitutes a framework for future studies on systematic electrode design.
Coupled Electrochemical and Microbial Catalysis for the Production of Polymer Bricks
Authors: Hegner Richard , Neubert Katharina , Kroner Cora , Holtmann Dirk , Harnisch Falk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPower‐to‐X technologies have the potential to pave the way towards a future resource‐secure bioeconomy as they enable the exploitation of renewable resources and CO2. Herein, the coupled electrocatalytic and microbial catalysis of the C5‐polymer precursors mesaconate and 2S‐methylsuccinate from CO2 and electric energy by in situ coupling electrochemical and microbial catalysis at 1 L‐scale was developed. In the first phase, 6.1±2.5 mm formate was produced by electrochemical CO2 reduction. In the second phase, formate served as the substrate for microbial catalysis by an engineered strain of Methylobacterium extorquens AM‐1 producing 7±2 μm and 10±5 μm of mesaconate and 2S‐methylsuccinate, respectively. The proof of concept showed an overall conversion efficiency of 0.2 % being 0.4 % of the theoretical maximum.
A pH‐Neutral, Aqueous Redox Flow Battery with a 3600‐Cycle Lifetime: Micellization‐Enabled High Stability and Crossover Suppression
Authors: Chai Jingchao , Wang Xiao , Lashgari Amir , Williams Caroline K. , Jiang Jianbing (Jimmy) 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRedox‐flow batteries (RFBs) are a highly promising large‐scale energy storage technology for mitigating the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Here, the design and implementation of a micellization strategy in an anthraquinone‐based, pH‐neutral, nontoxic, and metal‐free aqueous RFB is reported. The micellization strategy (1) improves stability by protecting the redox‐active anthraquinone core with a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) shell and (2) increases the overall size to mitigate the crossover issue through a physical blocking mechanism. Paired with a well‐established potassium ferrocyanide catholyte, the micelle‐based RFB displayed an excellent capacity retention of 90.7 % after 3600 charge/discharge cycles (28.3 days), corresponding to a capacity retention of 99.67 % per day and 99.998 % per cycle. The mechanistic studies of redox‐active materials were also conducted and indicated the absence of side reactions commonly observed in other anthraquinone‐based RFBs. The outstanding performance of the RFB demonstrates the effectiveness of the micellization strategy for enhancing the performance of organic material‐based aqueous RFBs.
Analysis of single‐cell RNAseq identifies transitional states of T cells associated with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Yanying , Liu Fangming , Liu Weiren , Ma Mingyue , Gao Jie , Lu Yan , Huang Li‐Hao , Li Xiaoying , Shi Yinghong , Wang Xiangdong , Wu Duojiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundExhausted T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) comprise diverse subsets of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment that play key roles in tumor progress. Understanding subset diversity in T cells is a critical question for developing cancer immunotherapy.MethodsA total of 235 specimens from surgical resections of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were examined for infiltration of exhausted T cell (Tex) in tumor and adjacent tissue. We conducted deep single‐cell targeted immune profiling on CD3+ cells collected from tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues (ANTs) and peripheral blood of HCC patients. Total 10 cell clusters were identified with distinct distributions and characteristics.ResultsWe observed transitional differentiation of exhausted CD8+T cells and Tregs increasingly enriched in tumor tissue. The accumulation and location of Tex were related to the differences in the long‐term clinical outcome of HCC. Furthermore, data of single‐cell RNA‐seq showed that (1) cells transforming from effector CD8+ T cells to exhausted CD8+ T cells simultaneously expressed upregulated effector molecules and inhibitory receptors, (2) indicated alteration of gene expression related to stress response and cell cycle at early exhaustion stage, and (3) immunosuppressive Treg had profound activation in comparison to resting Tregs.ConclusionsT cell exhaustion is a progressive process, and the gene‐expression profiling displayed T cell exhaustion and anergy are different. Accordingly, it is possible that functional exhaustion is caused by the combination effects of passive defects and overactivation in stress response. The results help to understand the dynamic framework of T cells function in cancer which is important for designing rational cancer immunotherapies.
Experimental study of flame spread over PE‐insulated single copper core wire under varying pressure and electric current
Authors: Wang Zhi , Zhou Tiannian , Wei Ruichao , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this study, the flame spread over a thin wire with overload current (0‐16 A) has been experimentally investigated at both normal pressure (Hefei: altitude 50 m, 100 kPa) and reduced pressure (Lijiang: altitude 2400 m, 76 kPa; Lhasa: altitude 3650 m, 64 kPa). Polyethylene‐insulated single‐core wires, comprising Cu as the inner core of diameter 0.30, 0.50, and 0.80 mm and insulation thickness 0.15 and 0.30 mm, are used as samples. The experimental results clearly indicate that the height of the flame increases with the electric current and ambient pressure, but the flame width changes only slightly. At identical conditions, the finer the wire, the faster the flame spreads. The flame spread rate increases with the electric current and ambient pressure. A simplified thermal balance analysis concerning the load current is developed to calculate the flame spread rate, and the calculated flame spread rates are shown to be fairly consistent with the experimental values at different electric currents for different wires at both ambient pressures. In addition, the coupled effect of electric current and ambient pressure on the flame spread is discussed. These results may be meaningful for promoting the research process of wire fire safety.
Fully automatic brain tumor extraction and tissue segmentation from multimodal MRI brain images
Authors: Thiruvenkadam Kalaiselvi , Nagarajan Kalaichelvi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSegmentation of Brain tumor from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of head scans is an essential requirement for clinical diagnosis since manual segmentation is a fatigue and time‐consuming process. Recent computer‐aided diagnosis systems depend on the development of fully automatic methods to overcome these problems. In the present work, a fully automated algorithm is proposed to extract and segment tumor regions from multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MMMRI) sequences. The algorithm has three phases: (a) tumor portion extraction, (b) tumor substructure segmentation, and (c) 3D postprocessing. First, the algorithm extracts tumor portion using a set of image processing operations from T2, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T1C images. Here, the proposed modified fuzzy c means clustering algorithm is used for enhancing the tumor portion extraction process. Then, the substructures of tumor such as edema, enhancing tumor, and necrotic regions are segmented from MMMRI sequences, T2, FLAIR, and T1C using region‐wise set operations in Phase II. Finally, 3D visualization of the segmented tumor and volume estimation is performed as postprocessing in Phase III. The proposed work was experimented on BraTS 2013 dataset. The quantitative analysis is performed using William's Index, Dice, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and is compared with 19 state‐of‐the‐art methods. The proposed method yields comparable results as 77%, 53%, and 59% of Dice for complete, core, and enhancing tumor regions, respectively.
Molecular identification of Candida isolates by Real‐time PCR‐high‐resolution melting analysis and investigation of the genetic diversity of Candida species
Authors: Eghtedar Nejad Esmaeel , Ghasemi Nejad Almani Pooya , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali , Salari Samira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandida species are considered as the cause of one of the most important opportunistic fungal diseases. Accurate identification of Candida species is important because of antifungal susceptibility patterns are different among these species, so proper identification helps in the selection of antifungal drugs for the prevention and treatment. Phenotypic methods for identification of Candida species, which are widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories, have some limitations. Real‐time PCR followed by the high‐resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is a novel approach for the rapid recognition of pathogenic fungi. Molecular phylogeny is essential for obtaining a better understanding of the evolution of the genus Candida and the identification of the relative degree of the Candida species. The purpose of this study was molecular identification of Candida isolates by Real‐time PCR‐high‐resolution melting analysis and investigation of the genetic diversity of Candida species.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐two Candida isolates including 111 Candida isolates obtained from 96 HIV/AIDS patients and 121 Candida isolates obtained from 98 non‐HIV persons were identified by real‐time PCR and high‐resolution melting curve analysis. To evaluate genetic diversity and relationships among Candida species, PCR products of nine clinical Candida isolates, as a representative of each kind of species, were randomly selected for DNA sequence analysis.ResultsIn HIV/AIDS patients, six species of Candida spp. were identified as follows: C albicans (n = 64; 57.7%), C glabrata (n = 31; 27.92%), C parapsilosis (n = 9; 8.1%), C tropicalis (n = 4; 3.6%), C krusei (n = 2; 1.8%), and C kefyr (n = 1; 0.90%). In non‐HIV persons, we identified eight species of Candida including C albicans (n = 46; 38.33%) followed by C glabrata and C krusei (each one, n = 18; 15%), C tropicalis (n = 13; 10.83%), C lusitaniae (n = 12; 5.17%), C parapsilosis (n = 10; 4.31%), and C kefyr and C guillermondii (each one, n = 2; 1.66%). Also, the phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of two main clades and six separate subclades. Accordingly, about 88.9% of the isolates were located in clade I and 11.10% of the studied isolates were in clade II.ConclusionsReal‐time PCR followed by high‐resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is known as a reliable, fast, and simple approach for detection and accurate identification of Candida species, especially in clinical samples.
What do undergraduates with high levels of childhood adversity want to cope with stress?
Authors: Karatekin Canan , Ahluwalia Rohini 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to determine how universities can tailor delivery of stress‐related interventions and intervention‐related messages for students with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs).MethodWe assessed 762 undergraduates (76% female; average age = 20.3) on an expanded ACEs measure, stress, health, and past use of interventions and what types of interventions they would like to cope with stress. We also experimentally manipulated websites advertising mental health services to test whether certain message frames and types of intervention delivery would appeal differentially to students with more ACEs.ResultsACEs were associated with worse health, more stress, and a greater likelihood of having used health‐related interventions. Students with more ACEs were more willing to try the interventions on the websites, regardless of messaging and type of delivery. They also expressed a greater desire for face‐to‐face interactions centered on mental health.ConclusionsSchool‐wide adoption of ACE‐informed policies can change lifelong trajectories of students with ACEs.