bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fluorescent Probe for Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide and Its Bioimaging Applications in Living Cells
Authors: Zhu Lei , Liao Wenhao , Chang Haizhen , Liu Xianjun , Miao Shaobin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical gasotransmitter playing an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. The development of fluorescent probes for rapid, sensitive, and selective lysosomal H2S sensing has attracted much attention. Herein we report a rhodamine based probe MF‐N3 that can selectively accumulate in lysosomes and give turn‐on fluorescence in the presence of both H2S and protons. Results show that MF‐N3 has an exclusive response to H2S in the acidic lysosomal environment but does not respond in other organelles or in neutral environments. This strategy can circumvent the fluorescence interference from H2S of other sources, thus providing a high sensitivity and selectivity on lysosomal H2S imaging by fluorescence microscopy. This pH‐dependent lysosome‐targeting fluorescent probe has been successfully applied to lysosomal H2S imaging in living cells and is of great potential for applications to the environmental and biological systems.
N‐Arylcyanothioformamides: Preparation Methods and Application in the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Moussa Ziad , Judeh Zaher M. A. , El‐Sharief Marwa A. M. Sh. , El‐Sharief Ahmed M. Sh. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis comprehensive review discusses the various preparation methods of N‐arylcyanothioformamides and highlights the diverse chemistry and application of such reagents in organic synthesis since they were first reported. Specifically, the review describes applications of the preceding reagents in the preparation of the highly bioactive heterocyclic imidazolidineiminothiones, bis‐imidazolidineiminothiones and derivatives thereof. The review also demonstrates how N‐arylcyanothioformamides provide access to the highly coveted luciferin analogues for bioluminescence imaging applications. As well, the review showcases the metal complexation chemistry of N‐arylcyanothioformamides and the regiochemical outcome of its reactions with isocyanates versus isothiocyanates. Many examples are provided from the literature to show the scope and selectivity (regio, stereo, and chemo) in these transformations.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of New Conjugated D‐A Polymers Based on the Same Fluoro‐Benzothiadiazole Acceptor Unit and Different Donor Units
Authors: Keshtov Mukhaned L , Kuklin Serge. A. , Konstantinov Igor O. , Khokhlov Alexei R. , Xie Zhiyuan , Dou Chuandong , Koukaras Emmanuel N. , Suthar Rakesh , Sharma Ganesh D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, two D−A conjugated polymers having same fluorinated benzothiadiazole acceptor and thiophene linker and different donor units (2,8‐dibromo‐4,6‐bis9n‐octylthiophene‐2‐yl)benzo(2,1‐b:3,4‐b’:5,6‐c”] trithiophene for P95 and 5,8‐dibromo‐2‐[5‐2(‐ethylhexyl)thiophene‐2yl]‐1H bisthieno[3,2‐e:2‘,3‘‐g]benzothiazole for P96 were synthesized. These polymers have complementary absorption spectra with both phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) and non‐fullerene acceptor (PDIF) and energy levels for the exciton dissociation and charge transfer. After the optimization, the P95:PDIF and P96:PDIF based polymer solar cells showed overall PCE of showed 9.40% and 9.18% with energy loss of 0.54 eV and 0.64 eV, respectively which is higher than that of PC71BM counterpart (8.34% and 7.82% for P95 and P96, respectively). The higher values of short circuit current (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) and related to strong absorption of PDIF in 400–600 nm wavelength region and shallow value of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of PDIF. The higher value of power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells based on P95, for both PC71BM and PDIF is related to the broader absorption spectra of P95 (low optical bandgap) as compared to P96 and more balanced charge transport due to higher hole mobility for P95 based active layer. These results demonstrate that the electron donating ability of donor unit in the D−A conjugated polymers may affect the photovoltaic response of the polymer solar cells and provide the guidance for the design of high efficiency photovoltaic materials.
One‐Pot Transfer Hydrogenation of methyl levulinate into valerolactone and 1,4‐pentanediol over in situ Reduced Cu/ZrOCO3 in 2‐PrOH
Authors: Ma Mingwei , Yan Xinyu , Hou Pan , Cao Jingjie , Liu Hui , Xu Xingliang , Yue Huijuan , GeTian  , Jing Shubo , Feng Shouhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, a simple and economical process, the reduction preparation of the Cu/ZrOCO3 catalyst and the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH)reaction of methyl levulinate (ML)were carried out simultaneously in one pot providing 89.79% product yield at 180 ° C for 7 h. Different from direct hydrogen transfer reaction catalyzed by ZrOCO3 with only valerolactone (GVL) produced, the introduction of Cu/Cu+ on ZrOCO3 carrier not only enhances the activity of the reaction, but also further converts GVL into 1,4‐pentanediol (1,4‐PDO)by indirect hydrogen transfer. In addition, we also found the copper‐loaded amphoteric carrier has better catalytic activity than the basic carrier.
(para‐Cymene)Ru(II) Complexes with Chelating Benzotriazole Ligands: Application in Oxidation and Reduction Catalysis
Authors: Pandey Sharmila , Mandal Tanmoy , Singh Vivek 
Published: January 2020

Abstract1‐Heteroaryl‐substituted benzotriazole motifs represent a new class of bidentate chelating ligands for several transition metals. Although metal complexes having such ligands in tris‐ and bis‐chelated binding have been extensively studied, investigation of mono‐chelated metal complexes, especially their structural and catalytic properties, is rarely explored. In this work, two such complexes – [(para‐cymene)Ru(BTZ‐2P)Cl]PF6 and [(para‐cymene)Ru(BTZ‐2Q)Cl]PF6, (BTZ‐2P=1‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole; BTZ‐2Q=1‐(quinoline‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole) have been synthesized and characterized through various spectroscopic method and X‐ray crystallography. Their electronic spectra and electrochemical properties have also been explored. Both the complexes have been successfully applied in two types of important catalytic processes – (a) oxidation of aryl olefins to corresponding aromatic carbonyl compounds, and (b) transfer hydrogenation of aromatic carbonyl compounds to the corresponding alcohols.
Bismuth Nanobowl/Bismuth Oxides, a Hybrid Material for Efficient Adsorption and Visible‐light‐driven Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Pan Tao , Feng Weihua , Cheng Cong , Lin Sili , Fang Jianzhang , Zhu Ximiao , Chen Yi , Fang Zhanqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo achieve the goal of efficient organic pollutants removal, bismuth nanobowl (Bi) /bismuth oxides was rationally designed and synthesized. In the Bi/bismuth oxides, BiOCl/Bi2O2.33 was covered on the surface of Bi nanobowls after etching bowl‐shaped bismuth (previously prepared by solvothermal method with the addition of D‐Fructose) with hydrochloride acid solution. Compared to the one without etching, the obtained Bi/bismuth oxides nanobowls with enlarged surface area lead to remarkable enhancement in dye adsorption. The rhodamine B (RhB) adsorption behavior over the Bi/bismuth oxides samples all fitted pseudo‐second‐order model. Adsorption is a crucial previous step for photocatalysis. Due to the high adsorption capacity and the synergistic effect between surface oxides and plasmonic Bi, the Bi/bismuth oxides nanobowls exhibited high removal efficiency for organic pollutions under visible light irradiation.
A comparison of applied and theoretical knowledge of concepts based on the particulate nature of matter
Authors: Haidar Abdullateef H. , Abraham Michael R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study compares 183 high school chemistry students' applied and theoretical knowledge of selected concepts based on the particulate theory. The concepts are dissolution, diffusion, effusion, and states of matter. A two‐form instrument called the Physical Changes Concepts Test (PCCT) was developed for this study. The application form measures students' knowlege using everyday language. The theoretical form measures students' knowledge using scientific language. Students' formal reasoning ability was measured using the Test Of Logical Thinking (TOLT). The overall results of the two forms of the PCCT indicate that more than 40% of the students displayed alternative conceptions (ACs) of the concepts covered in the PCCT. The study found that students' formal reasoning ability and their preexisting knowledge are associated with their conceptions and use of the particulate theory. The analysis of the nature of students' ACs and their use of the particulate theory revealed a significant difference between students' applied and theoretical knowledge.
A quantitative analysis of high school chemistry textbooks for scientific literacy themes and expository learning aids
Authors: Chiappetta Eugene L. , Sethna Godrej H. , Fillman David A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the content of seven high school chemistry textbooks for curriculum balance and emphasis on the following aspects of scientific literacy: (a) science as a body of knowledge, (b) science as a way of investigating, (c) science as a way of thinking, and (d) the interaction among science, technology, and society. In addition, the number of textbook pages, vocabulary terms, pictures, questions, and problems at the end of the chapter were determined. The textbook is an important teaching aid in high school chemistry courses, which conveys some of the information that students receive and influences how students perceive this subject. The majority of chemistry textbooks we analyzed stress science as a body of knowledge, place some emphasis on science as a way of investigating, have practically eliminated science as a way of thinking, and devote very little text to the interaction among science, technology, and society. Furthermore, these are voluminous books that range in length from 466 to 729 pages, with as many as 60 questions per chapter.
A study investigating the treatment of equine squamous gastric disease with long‐acting injectable or oral omeprazole
Authors: Gough Sarah , Hallowell Gayle , Rendle David 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEquine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) is a highly prevalent disease in horses, particularly in elite athletes. Some horses respond slowly, or fail to respond, to the licensed treatment, oral omeprazole (ORLO).ObjectivesTo compare rates of ESGD healing and improvement between ORLO and a long‐acting injectable omeprazole preparation (LAIO).Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsThe case records and gastroscopy images of horses presenting to Rainbow Equine Hospital over a 12‐month period were reviewed, with images being reviewed blind by one of the authors (David Rendle). Treatment responses were compared between horses that received 2 or 4 injections of 4 mg/kg LAIO at weekly intervals, and horses that received ORLO at 4 mg/kg PO SID for 4 weeks. Data were compared using a Mann–Whitney test with post hoc Dunn's test, chi‐squared test or Fisher's exact test.ResultsFifty‐six horses met the inclusion criteria: 29 received LAIO and 27 received ORLO. Treatment groups were comparable in terms of signalment and ESGD lesions. There was a difference in rate of healing when LAIO and ORLO treatment groups were compared at 28 days (LAIO‐97%; ORLO‐67%;p = .005; OR = 14(1.8–158)), but no difference between LAIO at 14 days and ORLO at 28 days (LAIO‐86%; ORLO‐67%;p = .12; OR = 3.1 (0.9–10)). Five localised and self‐limiting injection site reactions were identified in 3 horses out of 98 injections (5.1%).Main limitationsThe study was limited by its retrospective nature, absence of randomisation and limited numbers.ConclusionsFour weeks of treatment with LAIO resulted in better rates of ESGD healing than 4 weeks of ORLO. Larger more robust studies of LAIO are warranted.
A history of the global carbon budget
Authors: Lahn Bård 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe idea of a global “carbon budget”—the cumulative amount of “allowable” carbon emissions to meet a global temperature target—has become established as a central concept in climate science and policy. As a concept explicitly aimed at mediating between scientific knowledge and policymaking, the carbon budget has always been actively positioned in relation to ongoing policy debates, but the specific forms this concept has taken have varied. This article reviews key contributions to the carbon budget literature from the 1980s until today, in order to identify how scientists have positioned the concept between the worlds of science and policy. Three main shifts are identified in how the policy relevance of the carbon budget is envisaged in the scientific literature. The shifts can be related in part to developments in climate science, and in part to changes in international climate policy. The history of the carbon budget thus illustrates how science and policy interacts to shape dominant understandings of how climate change can be known and governed.This article is categorized under:
Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Gum feeder as environmental enrichment for zoo marmosets and tamarins
Authors: Regaiolli Barbara , Angelosante Chiara , Marliani Giovanna , Accorsi Pier Attilio , Vaglio Stefano , Spiezio Caterina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTamarins and marmosets are small‐bodied social callitrichines. Wild callitrichines feed on exudates, such as sap and gum; particularly, marmosets are mainly gummivores, while tamarins consume gums only occasionally and opportunistically. Zoo marmosets and tamarins are usually provided with gum arabic as an alternative to the exudates normally found in the wild. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a gum feeder on the behavior and well‐being of four zoo‐managed callitrichines. We studied four cotton‐top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus), four red‐handed tamarins (S. midas), two pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea), and three Geoffroy's marmosets (Callithrix geoffroyi) housed at Parco Natura Viva (Italy). We conducted the study over two different periods, a baseline (control, without the gum feeder) and then a gum feeder (when the gum feeder was provided) period. We used continuous focal animal sampling to collect behavioral data, including durations of social and individual behaviors. We collected 240 min of observations per period per study subject, with a total of 3,120 min for all the subjects in the same period and of 6,240 min in both periods. We analyzed data by using nonparametric statistical tests. First, we found that the gum feeder promoted species‐specific behaviors, such as exploration, and diminished self‐directed behaviors, suggesting an enriching effect on tamarin and marmoset behavior. Moreover, in red‐handed tamarins, the provision of the gum feeder reduced the performance of self‐directed and abnormal behavior, specifically coprophagy. These results confirm that gum feeders are effective foraging enrichment tools for zoo marmosets and tamarins.
Digitale Gesundheitskompetenz – Konzeptionelle Verortung, Erfassung und Förderung mit Fokus auf Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Bittlingmayer Uwe H. , Dadaczynski Kevin , Sahrai Diana , van den Broucke Stephan , Okan Orkan 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Konzept der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz ist das Ergebnis der zunehmenden gesellschaftlichen Durchdringung von digitalen Medien und deren Nutzung im Alltag. Infolge der hohen Zugänglichkeit und Allgegenwärtigkeit von Gesundheitsinformationen steigt die Notwendigkeit nicht nur des Suchens und Findens, sondern insbesondere der Einschätzung ihrer Verlässlichkeit und der darauf bezogenen Selektion und Anwendung für eigene Gesundheitsbelange. Gerade im Kontext der Digitalisierung ist zudem zu berücksichtigen, dass die Nutzenden nicht nur passiv rezipieren, sondern aktiv am Kommunikationsgeschehen durch Interaktion mit bestehenden Inhalten oder durch eigene Informationsbeiträge teilhaben.Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz, wobei der Fokus vor allem auf dem Kindes- und Jugendalter liegt. Neben seiner terminologisch-konzeptionellen Verortung und der notwendigen Verschränkung mit dem Ansatz der Medienkompetenzen wird das Verhältnis von digitaler Gesundheitskompetenz und sozialer sowie gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit betrachtet. Als ungleichheitsgenerierend wird dabei weniger der unterschiedliche Zugang zu digitalen Medien angesehen, sondern vor allem die Unterschiede in den zum Umgang notwendigen Kompetenzen. Nach einer Übersicht über die wenigen bisher verfügbaren Instrumente zur Erfassung der digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz werden am Beispiel des Settings Schule erste Überlegungen zu ihrer individuellen und strukturellen Stärkung angestellt.
The effect of the shock wave of the oscillating working medium in a vibrating machine’s reservoir during a multi-energy finishing-grinding vibration processing
Authors: Kundrák J. , Morgan M. , Mitsyk А.V. , Fedorovich V.A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVibration treatment in finishing processes is becoming a more complex technology, sometimes leading to weak shock waves occurring in the abrasive working medium. Here, the preconditions are discussed for the appearance of the effect of a shock wave of the vibrating working medium in a vibrating machine reservoir during multi-energy vibration processing. The peculiarities of the propagation of the force pulse of abrasive granules in the working medium, as in a pseudogas, are considered based on the kinetic theory of gases and the equations of gas dynamics. The paper also describes the motions of the parts in the working medium and the mechanism of the appearance of a weak shock wave, such as the compressive shock wave of abrasive granules. The interaction of the surface of the oscillating processed part with the granules of the working medium is studied. The characteristic of the Hugoniot adiabat for working medium granules is given. The influence of compression shock wave on the process of vibration processing is revealed. A comparison is made with experimental data.
Flow-based regenerable chemiluminescence receptor assay for the detection of tetracyclines
Authors: Meyer Verena K. , Chatelle Claire V. , Weber Wilfried , Niessner Reinhard , Seidel Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFor the first time, a flow-based regenerable chemiluminescence receptor assay is established that is eminently suited as screening method for the detection of widely used tetracyclines (TCs) in environmental and food samples. The complex functionality and high reactivity of TCs complicate the creation of immunogens which is currently the bottleneck for developing sensitive immunoassays. In this case, competitive bioreceptor assays for the analysis of small organic molecules are preferable and, moreover, flow-based regenerable bioassays are optimally suited for automated analysis applications. Therefore, the solution for rapid and sensitive analysis of TCs is the regenerable CL receptor assay with a covalently immobilized DNA oligonucleotide containing the specific operator sequence tetO to which the repressor protein TetR binds only in the absence of TCs. The TC measurements are performed on the CL microarray analysis platform MCR 3 within 30 min per sample. The LoD in spiked tap water was determined to be 0.1 μg L−1, and for 1 μg L−1 TET, recoveries of 77% ± 16% were obtained. Due to the stability of the immobilized DNA oligonucleotide and the resulting regenerability of the assay for various measurements, the new method is highly cost- and resource-efficient and ideally suited for the monitoring of environmental samples in the field.
Drought-Induced Stress Priming in Two Distinct Filamentous Saprotrophic Fungi
Authors: Guhr Alexander , Kircher Sophia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSessile organisms constantly face environmental fluctuations and especially drought is a common stressor. One adaptive mechanism is “stress priming,” the ability to cope with a severe stress (“triggering”) by retaining information from a previous mild stress event (“priming”). While plants have been extensively investigated for drought-induced stress priming, no information is available for saprotrophic filamentous fungi, which are highly important for nutrient cycles. Here, we investigated the potential for drought-induced stress priming of one strain each of two ubiquitous species, Neurospora crassa and Penicillium chrysogenum. A batch experiment with 4 treatments was conducted on a sandy soil: exposure to priming and/or triggering as well as non-stressed controls. A priming stress was caused by desiccation to pF 4. The samples were then rewetted and after 1-, 7-, or 14-days of recovery triggered (pF 6). After triggering, fungal biomass, respiration, and β-glucosidase activity were quantified. P. chrysogenum showed positive stress priming effects. After 1 day of recovery, biomass as well as β-glucosidase activity and respiration were 0.5 to 5 times higher during triggering. Effects on biomass and activity decreased with prolonged recovery but lasted for 7 days and minor effects were still detectable after 14 days. Without triggering, stress priming had a temporary negative impact on biomass but this reversed after 14 days. For N. crassa, no stress priming effect was observed on the tested variables. The potential for drought-induced stress priming seems to be species specific with potentially high impact on composition and activity of fungal communities considering the expected increase of drought events.
A 12-channel flexible receiver coil for accelerated tongue imaging
Authors: Voskuilen Luuk , de Heer Paul , van der Molen Lisette , Balm Alfons J. M. , van der Heijden Ferdinand , Strijkers Gustav J. , Smeele Ludi E. , Nederveen Aart J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
MRI of the tongue requires acceleration to minimise motion artefacts and to facilitate real-time imaging of swallowing. To accelerate tongue MRI, we designed a dedicated flexible receiver coil.

Materials and methods
We designed a flexible 12-channel receiver coil for tongue MRI at 3T and compared it to a conventional head-and-neck coil regarding SNR and g-factor. Furthermore, two accelerated imaging techniques were evaluated using both coils: multiband (MB) diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and real-time MRI of swallowing.

Results
The flexible coil had significantly higher SNR in the anterior (2.1 times higher, P = 0.002) and posterior (2.0 times higher, P < 0.001) parts of the tongue, while the g-factor was lower at higher acceleration. Unlike for the flexible coil, the apparent diffusion coefficient (P = 0.001) and fractional anisotropy (P = 0.008) deteriorated significantly while using the conventional coil after accelerating DTI with MB. The image quality of real-time MRI of swallowing was significantly better for hyoid elevation (P = 0.029) using the flexible coil.

Conclusion
Facilitated by higher SNR and lower g-factor values, our flexible tongue coil allows faster imaging, which was successfully demonstrated in MB DTI and real-time MRI of swallowing.