bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Death Due to Melanoma and Other Causes in Patients With Thin Cutaneous Melanomas
Authors: Lo Serigne N. , Williams Gabrielle J. , Cust Anne E. , Ollila David W. , Varey Alexander H. R. , Ch’ng Sydney , Scolyer Richard A. , Thompson John F. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceMost patients who present with primary cutaneous melanomas have thin tumors (≤1.0 mm in Breslow thickness, ie, pT1a and pT1b). Although their prognosis is generally considered to be excellent, there is limited precise information on the association of risk of death with specific Breslow measurements in thin lesions.ObjectiveTo assess the relative effect of a 0.8-mm Breslow thickness threshold with respect to the incidence of both melanoma-related and nonmelanoma-related death.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRegistry data for all Australians diagnosed with thin invasive primary melanomas between 1982 and 2014 were analyzed. Data were extracted from all 8 Australian state and territory population-based cancer registries. Dates and causes of death were obtained from the Australian National Death Index. Adults diagnosed with a first invasive primary melanoma of 1.0 mm or smaller in thickness were included.ExposureFirst invasive primary melanoma between 1982 and 2014.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were melanoma-related deaths and nonmelanoma-related deaths. Competing-risk regression analyses and cause-specific analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between Breslow thickness subcategory (&amp;lt;0.8 mm versus ≥0.8 mm by 0.1-mm increments) and the primary outcomes.ResultsOverall, a cohort of 144 447 participants was included. The median (range) age was 56 (18-101) years and 78 014 (54.0%) were men. Median (IQR) follow-up was 15.0 (9.5-23.3) years. Crude incidence rates of melanoma-related death 20 years after diagnosis were 6.3% (95% CI, 6.1%-6.5%) for the whole cohort, 6.0% (95% CI, 5.7%-6.2%) for tumors smaller than 0.8 mm, and 12.0% (95% CI, 11.4%-12.6%) for tumors 0.8 to 1.0 mm. The corresponding 20-year melanoma-specific survival rates were 91.9% (95% CI, 91.6%-92.1%), 94.2% (95% CI, 94.0%-94.4%), and 87.8% (95% CI, 87.3%-88.3%), respectively. On multivariable analysis, tumor thickness of 0.8 to 1.0 mm was significantly associated with both a greater absolute risk of melanoma-related death (subdistribution hazard ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 2.74-3.12) and a greater rate of melanoma-related death (hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 2.79-3.18) than thinner tumors (&amp;lt;0.8 mm). Risk of death from nonmelanoma-related causes was not associated with Breslow thickness.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, the risk of melanoma-related death increased significantly for patients with primary tumors of 0.8 to 1.0 mm in thickness. The risk of death from nonmelanoma-ralated causes was similar across Breslow thicknesses of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. This analysis suggests that a 0.8-mm threshold for guiding the care of patients with thin primary melanomas.
Global Healthspan-Lifespan Gaps Among 183 World Health Organization Member States
Authors: Garmany Armin , Terzic Andre 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceHealth-adjusted life expectancy, a measure of healthy longevity, lags longevity gains, resulting in a healthspan-lifespan gap.ObjectiveTo quantify the healthspan-lifespan gap across the globe, investigate for sex disparities, and analyze morbidity and mortality associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study used the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory as the global data source and acquired national-level data covering all continents. The 183 WHO member states were investigated. Statistical analysis was conducted from January to May 2024.ExposuresData represent 2 decades of longitudinal follow-up.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChanges in life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy, as well as the healthspan-lifespan gap were quantified for all participating member states. Gap assessment was stratified by sex. Correlations of the gap with morbidity and mortality were examined.ResultsThe healthspan-lifespan gap has widened globally over the last 2 decades among 183 WHO member states, extending to 9.6 years. A sex difference was observed with women presenting a mean (SD) healthspan-lifespan gap of 2.4 (0.5) years wider than men (P &amp;lt; .001). Healthspan-lifespan gaps were positively associated with the burden of noncommunicable diseases and total morbidity, and negatively with mortality. The US presented the largest healthspan-lifespan gap, amounting to 12.4 years, underpinned by a rise in noncommunicable diseases.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study identifies growing healthspan-lifespan gaps around the globe, threatening healthy longevity across worldwide populations. Women globally exhibited a larger healthspan-lifespan gap than men.
1D Flat Bands in Phosphorene Nanoribbons with Pentagonal Nature
Authors: Sun Shuo , You Jing‐Yang , Cai Zhihao , Su Jie , Yang Tong , Peng Xinnan , Wang Yihe , Geng Daiyu , Gou Jian , Huang Yuli , Duan Sisheng , Chen Lan , Wu Kehui , Wee Andrew T. S. , Feng Yuan Ping , Zhang Jia Lin , Lu Jiong , Feng Baojie , Chen Wei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaterials with flat bands can serve as a promising platform to investigate strongly interacting phenomena. However, experimental realization of ideal flat bands is mostly limited to artificial lattices or moiré systems. Here, a general way is reported to construct 1D flat bands in phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) with a pentagonal nature: penta‐hexa‐PNRs and penta‐dodeca‐PNRs, wherein the corresponding 1D flat bands are directly verified by using angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy. It is confirmed that the observed 1D flat bands originate from the electronic 1D zigzag and Lieb lattices, respectively, as revealed by the combination of bond‐resolved scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, tight‐binding models, and first‐principles calculations. The study demonstrates a general way to construct 1D flat bands in 1D solid materials system, which provides a robust platform to explore strongly interacting phases of matter.
Spin‐Orbital Ordering Effects of Light Emission in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Liqun , Tang Yipeng , Ma Yuguang , Hu Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites carrying strong spin‐orbital coupling (SOC) have demonstrated remarkable light‐emitting properties in spontaneous emission, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and circularly‐polarized luminescence (CPL). Experimental studies have shown that SOC plays an important role in controlling the light‐emitting properties in such hybrid perovskites. Here, the SOC consists of both orbital (L) and spin (S) momentum, leading to the formation of J (= L + S) excitons intrinsically involving orbital and spin momentum. In general, there are three issues in determining the effects of SOC on the light‐emitting properties of J excitons. First, when the J excitons function as individual quasi‐particles, the configurations of orbital and spin momentum directly decide the formation of bright and dark J excitons. Second, when the J excitons are mutually interacting as collective quasi‐particles, the exciton–exciton interactions can occur through orbital and spin momentum. The exciton–exciton interactions through orbital and spin momentum give rise to different light‐emitting properties, presenting SOC ordering effects. Third, the J excitons can develop ASE through coherent exciton–exciton interaction and CPL through exciton‐helical ordering effect. This review article discusses the SOC effects in spontaneous emission, ASE, and CPL in organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites.
Continuous Flow Synthesis of α‐Chloroketones from Esters
Authors: Brassart Léna , Manneveau Maxime , Poisson Thomas , Legros Julien , Huez Philippe , Forcato Massimiliano , Jubault Philippe , Chausset‐Boissarie Laëtitia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a novel and practical strategy to access α‐chloroketones from esters bearing diverse (hetero)aromatic, aliphatic, alkynyl and alkenyl substituents with transient chloromethyllithium under continuous flow conditions. This highly chemoselective method enables a fast (on a time scale of <5 s), efficient and straightforward access to a broad substrate scope (up to 99% yield) with a remarkable throughput of ∼10.6 g/h.
Green Hydrogen and Its Supply Chain. A Critical Assessment of the Environmental Impacts
Authors: Sola Antonella , Rosa Roberto , Ferrari Anna Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGreen hydrogen produced via electrolysis powered by renewables can greatly contribute to achieving carbon neutrality. The analysis of 35 papers reporting the life cycle assessment (LCA) of green hydrogen supply chains confirms the lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with respect to other hydrogen forms and conventional fossil fuel and carbon systems. However, the global warming potential of green hydrogen worsens if grid electricity is used to back up renewable sources. Green hydrogen is also responsible for water consumption and for land use, while offshore platforms may be responsible for the loss of marine biodiversity. Another potential environmental hotspot is the depletion of rare metals and critical materials employed in the electrolyzer and in the power generation plants. This issue is exacerbated by the lack of information about the management of the end‐of‐life stage of this equipment. Notably, the delivery along the supply chain is responsible for hydrogen leaks, whose environmental consequences are still uncertain.
MAM‐STAT3‐Driven Mitochondrial Ca+2 Upregulation Contributes to Immunosenescence in Type A Mandibuloacral Dysplasia Patients
Authors: Padhiar Arshad Ahmed , Yang Xiaohong , Zaidi Syed Aqib Ali , Li Zhu , Liao Jinqi , Shu Wei , Chishti Arif Ali , He Liangge , Alam Gulzar , Faqeer Abdullah , Ali Ilyas , Zhang Shuai , Wang Ting , Liu Tao , Zhou Meiling , Wang Gang , Zhou Yan , Zhou Guangqian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIndividuals with homozygous laminA/C p.R527C mutations manifest a severe form of Mandibuloacral dysplasia‐(MAD) and exhibit overlapping progeroid symptoms, for which the underlying molecular pathology remains unknown. Herein, it is shown that MAD patients achieved inflammaging with different pro‐inflammatory cytokines compared to progeria‐(HGPS) patient. Characterization of MAD iPSC‐derived Mesenchymal stem cells (MAD‐iMSC) uncovers deregulated mitochondrial Ca+2 as the primary cause of inflammaging, mediated through inflammasome formation rather than the cGAS‐STING pathway. Moreover, MAD‐iMSCs extracellular vesicles (EVs) can also upregulate mitochondrial Ca+2 in healthy cells. This deregulated Ca+2 homeostasis is indirectly mediated by mitochondrial calcium mediator, signal transducer, and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3), situated on the mitochondrial associated membrane (MAM). Inflammaging is mitigated by various FDA‐approved MAM‐STAT3 upstream inhibitors, such as (Tocilizumab) or by correcting R527C mutation with CRISPR/CAS9. These results provide new insights into MAD disease and propose targeting defective mitochondrial Ca+2 homeostasis as a promising therapy for reversing immunosenescence.
The prevalence and outcomes of pre‐admission vitamin D levels in the management of proximal femur fractures
Authors: Rajeev Aysha , Hunter Connor , Krishnan Saurav , Ullah Atta , Koshy George ,   Gateshead Health Foundation NHS Trust
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalence of low Vitamin D levels (<30 nmol/L) is about 15.7% globally. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in elderly patients with fragility fractures of the hip by estimating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and to assess whether low vitamin D levels at the time of admission affect functional outcomes at 3 months and mortality at 28 days and 1 year.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all patients admitted with a fracture of the neck of the femur between January 2018 and March 2022. Data were obtained from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) and Medway software. A total of 1440 patients were included. Patient demographics, including age, sex, fracture pattern, vitamin D levels at the time of admission, functional status at 120 days, and mortality at 1 month and 1 year, were analyzed.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 81.91 years (range 60–108). Of the patients, 1009 (70%) were female and 431 (30%) were male. Vitamin D levels were low in 796 patients (55.3%). Mobility significantly declined in patients with vitamin D deficiency within 3 months after surgery for proximal femur fractures. The 28‐day and one‐year mortality rates were 6.7% and 30.3%, respectively, in patients with low vitamin D levels, compared to 4.7% and 22.3% in those with normal levels. Patients with low vitamin D levels at the time of admission had higher mortality rates at both 28 days and 1 year compared to those with normal levels.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that low vitamin D levels at the time of admission for proximal femur fractures are associated with poorer functional mobility and higher perioperative and 1‐year mortality rates.
Potential New Expression Biomarkers for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Verebi Camille , Lebrun Nicolas , Petit Justine Vily , Viltart Odile , Duriez Philibert , Saint‐Pierre Benjamin , Gorwood Philip , Ramoz Nicolas , Bienvenu Thierry 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder with an estimated heritability of around 70%. Although the largest meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies on AN identified independent risk‐conferring loci for the disorder, the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic basis of AN remain to be elucidated. To investigate AN, we performed transcriptome profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 15 AN patients and 15 healthy controls. We validated our mean results in a mouse model of chronic food restriction, which mimics several aspects of AN. In this exploratory study, we identified 673 significantly differentially expressed genes in AN. Among these genes, we identified seven genes previously found to be dysregulated in IPSC‐derived neurons from AN individuals and the Vanin‐1 (Vnn1) gene, which appears to play an important role in the regulation of several metabolic pathways. We confirmed underexpression of Vnn1, particularly in the liver, in a mouse model of chronic food restriction. These results indicate that quantitative food restriction affects Vnn1 expression, suggesting that this gene may contribute to the anorexic phenotype in the chronic food restriction mouse model as well as in patients with AN. We believe that this report highlights promising candidate genes and gene pathways for AN, and although we did not obtain a significant result in the replication cohort, it identifies Vnn1 as a potential biomarker that may be used as a molecular target to predict and/or to understand AN.
Ectopic olfactory neuroblastoma is associated with increased frequency of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and reduced disease control: Case series with systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Daloiso Antonio , Gaudioso Piergiorgio , Vinciguerra Alessandro , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Testa Gabriele , Cazzador Diego , Lambertoni Alessia , Arosio Alberto Daniele , Contro Giacomo , Taboni Stefano , Rampinelli Vittorio , Piazza Cesare , Bignami Maurizio , Emanuelli Enzo , Battaglia Paolo , Bossi Paolo , Herman Philippe , Castelnuovo Paolo , Hanna Ehab Y. , Nicolai Piero , Mattavelli Davide , Ferrari Marco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionOlfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant tumor originating from the olfactory neuroepithelium, typically within the sinonasal cavity. Cases of ONB originating outside of the olfactory cleft area are extremely rare and are referred to as “ectopic” (eONB), in contrast to “orthotopic” tumors (oONB). ONB has been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes (PNSs), including the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). This study investigate the association between eONB and SIADH and compared the prognosis of eONB to oONB.MethodsA systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted, focusing on studies reporting eONB and oONB associated with SIADH. Data from four newly identified eONB cases were reported and a pooled analysis was performed. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the prevalence of SIADH in eONB and oONB and to compare clinical outcomes in the two groups.ResultseONB had a significantly higher prevalence of SIADH (18.3%) compared to oONB (2.0%; p < 0.0001). Patients with eONB were younger, with a slight predominance of females. Recurrence‐free survival and time‐to‐recurrence of eONB were worse than oONB, independently of other prognosticators.ConclusionseONB is associated with a significantly higher incidence of SIADH than oONB, suggesting distinct biological characteristics. Moreover, patients with eONB had worse prognostic outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and improve management strategies for eONB.
Optical Control of TRPM8 Channels with Photoswitchable Menthol
Authors: Becker Jasmin , Ellerkmann Clara S. , Schmelzer Hannah , Hermann Christian , Lützel Kyra , Gudermann Thomas , Konrad David B. , Trauner Dirk , Storch Ursula , Mederos y Schnitzler Michael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTransient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels are well known as sensors for cold temperatures and cooling agents such as menthol and icilin and these channels are tightly regulated by the membrane lipid phosphoinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2). Since TRPM8 channels emerged as promising drug targets for treating pain, itching, obesity, cancer, dry eye disease, and inflammation, we aimed at developing a high‐precision TRPM8 channel activator, to achieve spatiotemporal control of TRPM8 activity with light. In this study, we designed, synthesized and characterized the first photoswitchable TRPM8 activator azo‐menthol (AzoM). AzoM enables optical control of endogenously and heterologously expressed TRPM8 channels with UV and blue light which is demonstrated by performing patch‐clamp experiments. Moreover, AzoM facilitates the reliable determination of activation, inactivation, and deactivation kinetics thereby providing further insights into the channel gating. Using AzoM, the specific roles of individual amino acids for AzoM or PIP2 binding and for sensitization by PIP2 can be elucidated. Altogether, AzoM represents as a high‐precision pharmaceutical tool for reversible control of TRPM8 channel function that enhances our biophysical understanding of TRPM8 channels and holds the potential to support the development of novel pharmaceuticals.
Remote On‐Paper Electrochemiluminescence‐Based High‐Safety and Multilevel Information Encryption
Authors: Fu Wenxuan , Qi Min , Rong Yidan , Lin Chukai , Guo Weiliang , Su Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe escalating needs in information protection underscore the urgency of developing advanced encryption strategies. Herein we report a novel chemical approach that enables information encryption by on‐paper electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Dendritic porous silica nanospheres modified with polyetherimide and bovine serum albumin were prepared as the chemical ink to write the secret message on a paper. Attaching the paper to an electrode, immersing it in a solution containing tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium (Ru(bpy)32+) and then applying a suitable voltage, a remote “catalytic route” electrochemical reaction produces ECL that functions as the key to decrypt and visualize the message by imaging. In addition, proteins can be also used as the biological ink to write the secret message, which is then decrypted by a combined use of immunochemistry and ECL imaging as two keys. We believe the ECL‐based strategy holds great promise in high‐safety and multilevel information encryption, as it is protected not only by encoding, like conventional invisible inks, but also by the unique ECL decoding approach.
Cationic Lignin and Cellulose Fiber Incorporated Polyvinyl Alcohol Film
Authors: Phansamarng Pratchaya , Bacchus Ameena , Hassan Pour Fatemeh , Kongvarhodom Chutima , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films are widely used in industry, but they have limitations in mechanical strength, UV‐blocking, and antibacterial performance. This research addresses these challenges by integrating kraft lignin (KL) derivative and cellulose fibers (CFs) into PVA films. The results confirmed that KL enhanced UV blocking and hydrophobicity, but it reduced porosity and water absorption. Cationic KL (CKL) further improved UV‐blocking, hydrophilicity, antibacterial properties, and decreased oxygen permeability of the films. CF in PVA enhanced UV‐blocking and mechanical properties. It also improved hydrophilicity, aiding water absorption in lignin‐containing PVA films. CF also increased Young's modulus, oxygen permeability, and antibacterial properties. A 5 wt.% concentration of CF significantly enhanced oxygen barrier properties and mechanical strength, even though it reduced UV‐blocking. These findings highlighted the positive impact of lignin and cellulose derivatives in PVA films. However, due to high water absorption, these films may not be suitable for food packaging requiring moisture resistance.
Kinetics and energetics of biodiesel oxidation stability: The impact of Uapaca kirkiana‐derived natural antioxidants
Authors: Kahimbi Henry , Kichonge Baraka , Kivevele Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite considerable progress in understanding biodiesel autoxidation inhibition, the kinetics and energetics of the inhibition reactions involving natural antioxidants remain underexplored. Most existing research on natural antioxidants has focused on enhancing oxidation stability and other fuel properties. This study aimed to investigate the oxidative stability of croton biodiesel (CBD) and assess the kinetics and energetics of natural antioxidants derived from the roots, pulp, and fruit peels of the Uapaca kirkiana plant. The oxidation stability of biodiesel samples was assessed using the OXITEST method at temperatures of 90, 100, 110, and 120 °C. These tests enabled the calculation of kinetic parameters such as reaction rates and activation energies, crucial for understanding the inhibition role of antioxidants during oxidative degradation. Activation energy for antioxidant consumption, determined using the Arrhenius equation, was found to be 81.39 kJ mol−1 for fruit peel extracts, 77.73 kJ mol−1 for pulp extracts, and 63.85 kJ mol−1 for root bark extracts. The higher activation energy for fruit peel extracts suggests that they are more effective at preventing oxidation, especially under high‐temperature conditions. Enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy parameters were calculated using the Eyring equation, indicating a nonspontaneous endothermic process for the antioxidant samples. The study found an inverse relationship between antioxidant concentration and rate constants, demonstrating the antioxidants' effectiveness in slowing down the oxidation process. These kinetics and energetics analyses provide detailed insights into how antioxidants function, facilitating the optimization, selection, and validation of their efficiency in stabilizing biodiesel.