bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Influence of Structural Parameters of Regenerative Cooling Channel of Scramjet
Authors: Gao Feng , Zhang Qian , Xiao Hongyu , Chen Fengli , Xia Xuefeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a three-dimensional modeling analysis of regenerative cooling channels of scramjet engines is carried out, and the cooling channel structure parameters such as inner wall thickness, fin thickness, channel aspect ratio, cross-sectional area and number of channels are used to cool the regenerative cooling. The conclusion is as follows: the thinner inner wall thickness corresponds to a lower wall temperature, while the heat flux density is larger, and the kerosene temperature and pressure change little; the thin fins correspond to the higher wall temperature and oil temperature, but the kerosene is in the cooling channel. The pressure loss is smaller, and the thicker fins have a lower maximum wall temperature and maximum oil temperature, but a larger pressure loss; the greater the aspect ratio, the better the cooling effect of the channel, and the wall temperature and oil temperature are relatively low, but also It is not possible to choose a cooling channel with an aspect ratio that is too large. This is because after the aspect ratio is greater than 1, the pressure loss in the channel increases as the aspect ratio increases; reducing the channel cross-sectional area can increase the flow rate, thereby increasing convection The heat transfer coefficient makes the maximum wall temperature and oil temperature lower, but the kerosene with a too small channel area has a larger flow resistance in the channel, and the effective heat exchange area also becomes smaller; an increase in the number of channels can make the transfer Heat is strengthened, and cooling channels can be arranged more when the temperature of the material permits to give full play to the kerosene heat sink and fin effect to enhance the cooling effect.
Application of double-enlarged excavation foundation in transmission line engineering
Authors: Zhang De Guang , Shen Xiang Liang , Gao Fan , Ren Ya Ning , Wang Li Huan , Ma Cong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper introduces the application of double-enlarged excavation foundation in transmission line engineering. Based on the comparison of expanding excavation foundation and double-enlarged excavation foundation, this paper expounds the advantages of double cut and enlarge base, such as high bearing capacity, convenient construction, low cost, safety and environmental protection. It introduces the application of the double-enlarged excavation foundation in the transmission line project through an engineering example, and expounds that the type of foundation is suitable for the corner tower with large foundation force in the transmission line in the hilly area, which has good economic and social benefits.
A Conjugate Gradient Method for Inverse Problems of Non-linear Coupled Diffusion Equations
Authors: Shuai Wang , Baiyan Xu , Tao Liu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In many fields there are many problems called inverse problems, which infer the reasons from the observations. The inverse problem of nonlinear diffusion equations plays a crucial role in the numerical simulation of reservoirs. This article constructs a conjugate gradient method to solve the inverse problem of a nonlinear diffusion equation within oil reservoir simulation. The numerical simulation is performed, and the results show the effectiveness of the method.
Research on General Design and Application of Double-circuit T-Connection Tower In 110kV
Authors: Zhang De Guang , Wang Li Huan , Liu Jian , Ren Ya Ning , Gao Fan , Shen Xiang Liang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Based on the investigation results and the current general design of state grid, this paper reasonably planned the design conditions of the tower. Taking the general design module as the basic tower type, a kind of double loop T-connection tower in 110kV with high generality was proposed, then carry out tower head planning and structural internal force analysis. Finally, the electric field finite element simulation is carried out to demonstrate the safety and reliability of the T-connection tower of cross arm arrangement. The tower can cover the T-connection conditions of 110kV double-circuit line in most areas of the country, and draw the tower diagram, which can be included in the general design of state grid transmission tower for reference of line designers. The cross arm of tower head is arranged in a crisscross way, which greatly simplifies the the double-loop T-connection scheme. One tower can replace the traditional multi-tower to complete the T-connection of the line, which reduces the cos t and occupation of land, also achieves good economic and environmental benefits.
A Six Bit Silicon Nitride Optical True Time Delay Line for Ka-Band Phased Array Antenna
Authors: Yang Huimin , Yun Binfeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A six-bit optical true time delay unit with a delay tuning increment of 1.42 ps was designed and fabricated on silicon nitride platform, which can be utilized in Ka-band phased array antenna systems. The delay unit consists of seven thermo-optical switches and six waveguide delay lines with different lengths. By changing the states of the thermo-optical switches, 64 stages of discrete time delays varying from 0 to 89.6 ps has been obtained. In addition, as the waveguide delay independence on the modulation frequency, so the designed silicon nitride delay unit can be applied in microwave applications with broader bandwidth.
Identifying key ecosystem service providing areas to inform national-scale conservation planning
Authors: Mitchell Matthew G E , Schuster Richard , Jacob Aerin L , Hanna Dalal E L , Dallaire Camille Ouellet , Raudsepp-Hearne Ciara , Bennett Elena M , Lehner Bernhard , Chan Kai M A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Effectively conserving ecosystem services in order to maintain human wellbeing is a global need that requires an understanding of where ecosystem services are produced by ecosystems and where people benefit from these services. However, approaches to effectively identify key locations that have the capacity to supply ecosystem services and actually contribute to meeting human demand for those services are lacking at broad spatial scales. We developed new methods that integrate measures of the capacity of ecosystems to provide services with indicators of human demand and ability to access these services. We then identified important areas for three ecosystem services currently central to protected area management in Canada—carbon storage, freshwater, and nature-based recreation—and evaluated how these hotspots align with Canada’s current protected areas and resource development tenures. We find that locations of ecosystem service capacity overlap only weakly (27–36%) with actual service providing areas (incorporating human access and demand). Overlapping hotspots of provision for multiple ecosystem services are also extremely limited across Canada; only 1.2% (∼56 000 km2) of the total ecosystem service hotspot area in Canada consists of overlap between all three ecosystem services. Canada’s current protected area network also targets service capacity to a greater degree than provision. Finally, one-half to two-thirds of current ecosystem service hotspots (54–66%) overlap with current and planned resource extraction activities. Our analysis demonstrates how to identify areas where conservation and ecosystem service management actions should be focused to more effectively target ecosystem services to ensure that critical areas for ecosystem services that directly benefit people are conserved. Further development of these methods at national scales to assess ecosystem service capacity and demand and integrate this with conventional biodiversity and conservation planning information will help ensure that both biodiversity and ecosystem services are effectively safeguarded.
Universal survival probability for a correlated random walk and applications to records
Authors: Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine Bertrand , Mori Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We consider a model of space-continuous one-dimensional random walk with simple correlation between the steps: the probability that two consecutive steps have same sign is q with 0 ⩽ q ⩽ 1. The parameter q allows thus to control the persistence of the random walk. We compute analytically the survival probability of a walk of n steps, showing that it is independent of the jump distribution for any finite n. This universality is a consequence of the Sparre Andersen theorem for random walks with uncorrelated and symmetric steps. We then apply this result to derive the distribution of the step at which the random walk reaches its maximum and the record statistics of the walk, which show the same universality. In particular, we show that the distribution of the number of records for a walk of n ≫ 1 steps is the same as for a random walk with n
eff(q) = n/(2(1 − q)) uncorrelated and symmetrically distributed steps. We also show that in the regime where n → ∞ and q → 1 with y = n(1 − q), this model converges to the run-and-tumble particle, a persistent random walk often used to model the motion of bacteria. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
Flowering characterization and its relation to the type of pollination on gambier (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.)
Authors: Hayati PKD , Fitri AW , Fauza H 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article reports on some of the flowering characteristics that are related to the type of pollination that occurs in the gambier plant. The observation has been carried out in the Gambier Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. The research used descriptive method which observes flowering characteristics in ten plants using ten selected flowers within plants. Results from the observation showed that the bud inititation, small-bud, large-bud, anthesis, and fruit development phases occur in 19, 33, 6, 4, and 58 days. All phases complete in 120 days, ranging from 106-134 days. Anthesis occur at 18:30 – 05:00. The receptivity of the stigma and maturity of pollen occur before anthesis, while the highest receptivity occur at 00:00. Cleistogamy mechanism happens in the gambier plant. Self-pollination (both autogamy and geitonogamy) and cross-pollination (xenogamy) exist in gambier.
Application of geo-organo granule fertilizer derived from volcanic ash and tithonia on corn production at oxisols
Authors: Gusnidar G , Fiantis D , Nelson M , Yulnafatmawita Y , Satrio B , Jasmine Y 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Volcanic ash material (Vam) can cover the surface of the farming land post volcano eruption. The covering process could be advantageous for soil fertility if it is thin enough, but it can be destructive for the crops if it is thick. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the application of Geo-organo granules from volcanic ash and Tithonia (Tt) for the production of Baby Corn in Oxisol. The pot experiments design with six treatments (1AV:1Tt; 1AV:2Tt; 1AV:3Tt; 1AV:4Tt; 1AV:0Tt; 0AV:1Tt)) three replications, and used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The criteria test of compost standard used to test the benefit of these Geo-organo materials (PT Pusri, SNI, and Regulation from Agriculture Ministry, Republic of Indonesia). Corn growth was also measured for height and yield. Plant height and yield were analyzed using F-test and continued using HSD at a 5% level of significance. The results showed that Geo-organo granules be to improve soil chemical properties of Oxisol, and mass of cob of Baby corn.
Effectiveness of rice husk biochar in controlling heavy metals at polluted paddy soil
Authors: Yulnafatmawita Y , Yasin S , Maira L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Polluted irrigation can degrade soil chemical properties and then decrease land productivity. This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of biochar against manure in reducing the concentration of some heavy metals(HM) in the polluted rice field. This pot trial was conducted at Glasshouse using two types of amelioration (biochar and manure). Biochar and manure were incubated with paddy soil under field capacity at the glasshouse for one month. The results showed that increasing the dosage of either biochar or manure applied decreased the availability of HM, especially Fe (r=-0.87, r=-0.89) and Mn (r=-0.82, r=-0.91), respectively. However, there was no effect of biochar (r=0.25) but increased by manure (r=0.95) application on Zn concentration. Furthermore, some other heavy metals concentration also decreased, such as Ag (r=-0.89), Pb (r=-0.54), Cu (r=-0.51), Cr (=- 0.50), and Ni (r=-0.64) by applying biochar but tended to increase by applying manure. Both biochar and manure could increase some plant nutrients, especially K (r=0.74, r=0.82), P (r=0.85, r=-0.44), Mg (r=0.98, r=0.91) and Ca (r=0.98, r=0.84), respectively.
Tropical fruit research and development programs of Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute (ITFRI)
Authors: Mansyah E , Sutanto A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) is one of the research institutes under the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture. The responsibility of ITFRI is to produce technologies for increasing competitiveness of tropical fruit agribusiness in the global market. The priority commodities handled are divided into main and potential commodities. The main commodities are banana, mango, mangosteen, and durian, while the potential commodities are papaya, snake fruit, watermelon, Cucumis melo, pineapple, and breadfruit. Research activities of ITFRI could be divided into three groups namely fruits breeding and genetic resources, ecophysiology, and plant protection. This paper will explain the role of ITFRI to support food security through fruit research and development activities.
Financial feasibility of lime (citrus aurantifolia) farming in Tanah Datar District, West Sumatra
Authors: Sari R , Nofialdi  , Putri A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) farming is one of the subsystems that form the lime agribusiness system in Tanah Datar District. This business has the potency to be developed. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of lime farming in Tanah Datar District in terms of financial aspects. This study used a survey method with a sample of 30 farmers in Padang Ganting Sub District, Tanjung Emas Sub District, and Lintau Buo Sub District, West Sumatra - Indonesia. Data were analyzed using investment criteria B / C, NPV, IRR, and sensitivity analysis. The analysis shows that the interest rate is 13% and the selling price is IDR 4.300 / Kg during the productive age (15 years), the value of B / C is 1.92, NPV is IDR 51,809,117 and IRR is 37%. Sensitivity analysis shows that the selling price is IDR 500 Kg, then the business is not feasible. While the selling price of IDR 846 / kg, Break Event Point (BEP) is reached. It can be concluded that lime farming is feasible. However, policies in trade and product use are needed so that the selling price does not fluctuate, and farmers do not experience losses.
Comparatif analysis on working time allocation of the system of rice intensification (SRI) and non-SRI rice farming in West Sumatra
Authors: Usman Y , Yusmarni Y , Refdinal M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an effective and efficient rice farming technique to increase the rice yield. However, the preliminary finding indicates that most farmers are reluctant to apply the SRI farming system because it takes a lot of time and is more complicated than conventional rice farming systems. The aims of this research are to examine the working time allocation on both SRI and Non-SRI farming systems and investigate the difference between both farming systems. This research was conducted in two regions of West Sumatera to represent upland and lowland areas during the period of Mei – June 2018. The region that represents the upland area is Simarosok Village in the district of Agam, and the lowland area is Kasang Village in the district of Padang Pariaman. The research found that the average working time allocation on the SRI farming system was 145.41 man day/Ha, while on the non-SRI farming system was 91.40 man day/Ha. Thus there was a significant difference between time allocation on SRI and Non-SRI farming systems in West Sumatera. Working time allocation on the SRI farming system was higher than the non-SRI farming system in the following activities: planting, weeding, making of organic fertilizer, and time to control the irrigation. Based on findings, it is suggested to the government and other related parties to provide appropriate weeding technology as well as organic fertilizer. Moreover, the farmers should be able to split time wisely between SRI farming and other business.
Smallholders’ diversification in Pauh Sub District Padang City West Sumatera Indonesia
Authors: Utami AS , Azhari R , Syarfi I W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Plantation farming is an economic activities with high risks and uncertainties (income fluctuations between production cycles or even between years is quite high) therefore the motives of farmers for diversification are often more oriented towards stabilizing income than maximizing income. Production diversification is one of the effective adaptation methods to reduce the risk of production due to climate change and is conducive to supporting the development of local resource-based processing industries. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the model of plantation diversification in Pauh Sub Distric, Padang city. The method of the study is qualitative method. The respondents are the plantation smallholder who are diversifying their farm in Pauh sub-Distric. The study found that, there are four models of diversification in Pauh District; Plantation crop with horticultural crops diversification, Plantation crop with food crop diversification, Plantation crop with livestock diversification, and Combination. The level of diversity in Pauh is between 0.2 to 0.4. The lowest level of diversity is 0,237, while the highest level is 0,434.
Drying air temperature profile of independent hybrid solar dryer for agricultural products in respect to different energy supplies (a research note)
Authors: Yuwana Y , Silvia E , Sidebang B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Drying is an important process of food preservation for security and sovereignty. The lack of conventional source of energy and limited supply of electricity urge to develop dryers for agricultural products adaptive to renewable energy sources and electricity independent. The invented dryers should then be able to generate various drying temperatures to accommodate variety of agricultural products to be dried. This study aims to explore the drying air temperature generated by so-called the independent hybrid solar dryer in respect to different energy supplies. The dryer consists of a drying chamber of 4.6 m3 capacitieswith five stories of ten trays inside, a chimney equipped with turbine ventilator, a heat exchanger embedded to furnace, and double heat collectors. Whole structure of the dryer is covered by transparent glasses and occupies 13m2 horizontal area. The dryer operates in three modes i.e. solar energy, energy produced by fuel combustion, and simultaneously solar energy and fuel combusted energy. The dryer can operate any time and in any weather condition. So it is suitable to be installed in remote area to produce hygienic dried products. In this experiment, the dryer was tested without load (product to be dried), when operated with solar energy and energies produced from biomass and coal combustions. The experimental result revealed as follows. When operated with solar energy with average radiation intensity of 956.4 W/m2, the dryer generated drying air temperature of 47.1°C which was 12.8°C higher than that of ambient air. Operated with the heat energies from both the coffee by product and coal combustions, the relationship between temperatures and fuel supplies were T = 4.323 s + 22.57 (R2 = 994) and T = 5.003 s + 22.57 (R2 = 0.998) respectively, where T = drying air temperature (°C) and s = fuel supply (kg). This dryer would be able to be operated for wide varieties of agricultural products according to the required temperatures.
Aluminum Alloy Piston Fabrication Technology by Super Forging-KIRIU
Authors: Anggraini Lydia , Anjany Adelya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research aims to produce pistons a lighter and stronger piston, even in high compression and high engine speed conditions. The piston fabrication process is carried out by super forging using Aluminum as a raw material with a compound choice by Silicon or Magnesium. In addition, the outer layer of the piston is covered by molybdenum with the coating process as nanotechnology to prevent corrosion. Furthermore, the finishing is controlled by the programming system machine named CNC (Computerized Numerical Control). In addition to CNC, the automation system is carried out by the KIRIU machine which is also used in this study. The results of this study show that the use of Al-Si alloy base material has better piston quality and able to withstand high compression or high engine speed. Then, the Al-Si superforging piston compared to the two final automation processes of CNC and KIRIU. The evaluation results have proved that the KIRIU machine provides high accuracy and the actual production increases by 20% compared to CNC.
Policy Implementation in Water Services
Authors: Nenobais Harry , Sarbini  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study analyzes the factors that influence the implementation of policies in clean water management based on participatory management of the Sukoharjo community. This research was conducted at the Tirta Makmur Regional Public Water Company in Sukoharjo Regency. The research method used is a qualitative method using the theory of implementation of the policies of Donald Van Meter and Carl Van Horn (1975). The research results conclude that the factors that influence the implementation of clean water service policy based on participatory management by the Tirta Makmur Regional Public Water Company in Sukoharjo Regency are clear policy and standard objectives, consensus on changes in policy implementation, human resource capacity of implementing organizations, financing, the quality of interorganizational relations, a healthy political, social and economic environment, and participatory management. The results of this study suggest that the Regional House of Representatives, Regency Government, and Management of Regional Public Companies have a large consensus of change, government and community participation, investment in service improvement, preparing raw water sources.