bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Heplisav-B Seroprotection in People With HIV: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Schnittman Samuel R. , Zepf Roland , Cocohoba Jennifer , Sears David 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Heplisav-B, a hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine with an immunostimulatory adjuvant, was FDA approved in 2017 for adults ≥18 years. In randomized controlled trials, Heplisav-B demonstrated seroprotection rates (SPR) of 90%–95% versus 65%–80% for Engerix-B. No studies have included people with HIV (PWH), and the SPR and its predictors in this population are unknown.

Setting:
Quaternary care center HIV clinic.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study evaluated PWH aged ≥18 years without current HBV seroprotection (anti-HBV surface antibody level [anti-HBs] <10 mIU/mL) who were administered Heplisav-B. Patients without post-immunization titers were excluded. The primary outcome was the SPR, the proportion of participants with HBV seroprotection at any point after the first vaccination.

Results:
Among 64 PWH included, median time to anti-HBs measurement after vaccination was 13 weeks. The median age was 58 years, 81% were men, and 95% had a viral load <200. The SPR was 81% in the entire cohort (and 86% in those without significant non-HIV immunosuppression), 79% in those with no prior HBV vaccination and no anti-HBc positivity, and 84% in those with prior vaccine nonresponse. Lower current and nadir CD4+ counts were associated with progressively lower seroprotection.

Conclusion:
In the first single-center retrospective study of Heplisav-B in PWH, the SPR compared favorably with the SPR seen among PWH from prior HBV vaccines across key subgroups. Given these findings, Heplisav-B should be considered for expanded use for HBV vaccination in PWH. Further research on the effectiveness of a repeat vaccination series or higher dosing in nonresponders is needed.
Diagnostic Impact of Quantitative Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging for the Assessment of Subsegmental Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Celtikci Pinar , Hekimoglu Koray , Kahraman Gokhan , Bozbas Serife , Gultekin Bahadir , Akay Hakki Tankut 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative differences of dual-energy computed tomography perfusion imaging measurements in subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE), between normal lung parenchyma (NLP) and hypoperfused segments (HPS) with and without thrombus on computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Methods
Lung attenuation, iodine density, and normalized uptake values were measured from HPS and NLP on iodine maps of 43 patients with SSPE. Presence of pulmonary embolism (PE) on CTA was recorded. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis analyses with post hoc comparisons were conducted.

Results
The numbers of HPS with and without SSPE on CTA were 45 (55.6%) and 36 (44.4%), respectively. Lung attenuation of NLP was significantly different from HPS (P < 0.001). Iodine density and normalized uptake values of HPS with PE were significantly lower than those of HPS without PE, which is significantly lower than NLP (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Subsegmental pulmonary embolism causes HPS on dual-energy computed tomography perfusion imaging, which demonstrates different iodine density and normalized uptake values depending on the presence of thrombus.
Comparison of Field-of-view Optimized and Constrained Undistorted Single Shot With Conventional Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Measurements of Diffusion and Perfusion in Vertebral Bone Marrow
Authors: Cao Jibin , Zhu Jingyi , Sun Wenge , Cui Lingling 
Published: November 2020

Background and Purpose
A limited number of studies have used the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) approach on bone marrow. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively compare the clinical value of IVIM based on field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single shot (FOCUS) with the standard single-shot echo-planar imaging (ss-EPI) in the vertebral bone marrow.

Materials and Methods
Twenty healthy volunteers underwent ss-EPI and FOCUS IVIM-DWI of the lumbar spine. Intravoxel incoherent motion parameters (the apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], true diffusion coefficient [D], pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*], and perfusion fraction [f]) were calculated.

Results
The FOCUS IVIM protocol allowed for measurement of ADC, D, D*, and f in all volunteers: ADC, 0.28 ± 1.33 ×10−3 mm2/s; D = 0.25 ± 3.98 ×10−3 mm2/s, f = 0.36 ± 4.01; and D* = 102.16 ± 71.21 ×10−3 mm2/s. There were no significant differences between the values of ADC, D, and f obtained with ss-EPI and FOCUS. The D* was significantly different (P < 0.05) between ss-EPI and FOCUS IVIM. Image quality assessments showed that the image qualities of FOCUS were superior to ss-EPI (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
As a high-resolution IVIM-DWI technique, the FOCUS technique has potential clinical utility in evaluating the diffusion and perfusion in the vertebral bone marrow.
The Prevalence of Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula Is Constant Over a Large Age Range Among Patients Not Imaged for Hearing Loss
Authors: Abualruz Abdul R. , Bunch Paul M. , Sachs Jeffrey R. , Zapadka Michael E. , Lack Christopher M. 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of internal auditory canal diverticula spanning all age groups imaged for reasons other than hearing loss and to investigate changes in prevalence with age to determine if it is a finding that develops over time.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated 1000 cervical spine computed tomographies obtained in patients age 0–99 years for presence of internal auditory canal diverticula.

Results
A total of 405 patients (208 men; 197 women) were included. Internal auditory canal diverticula were identified in 23 patients (5.7%). No statistically significant association between internal auditory canal diverticula and patient age was found (P = 0.68).

Conclusions
The prevalence of internal auditory canal diverticula on cervical spine computed tomographies is 5.7%. No change in prevalence was observed with increasing age supporting the hypothesis that internal auditory canal diverticula represent a normal anatomic variant rather than acquired pathology.
Forward-projected Model-based Iterative Reconstruction SoluTion in Temporal Bone Computed Tomography: A Comparison Study of All Reconstruction Modes
Authors: Kurokawa Ryo , Hagiwara Akifumi , Nakaya Moto , Maeda Eriko , Yamaguchi Haruomi , Gonoi Wataru , Sato Jiro , Nakata Kenta , Ino Kenji , Ota Yoshiaki , Kurokawa Mariko , Baba Akira , Nyunoya Keisuke , Usui Yukiko , Tanishima Tomoya , Tsushima So , Torigoe Rumiko , Suyama Takeru Q. , Abe Osamu 
Published: November 2020

Objective
Identify appropriate reconstruction modes of Forward-projected model-based Iterative Reconstruction SoluTion (FIRST) in temporal bone computed tomography (CT) and investigate the contribution of spatial resolution and noise to the visual assessment.

Methods
Sixteen temporal bone CT images were reconstructed. Two blinded radiologists assessed 8 anatomical structures and classified the visual assessment. These visual scores were compared across reconstruction modes among each anatomical structure. Visual scores and contrast-to-noise ratio, noise power spectrum (NPS) at low (NPSLow) and high (NPSHigh) spatial frequencies, and 50% modulation transfer function relationships were evaluated.

Results
Visual scores differed significantly for the stapedius muscle and osseous spiral lamina, with CARDIAC SHARP, BONE, and LUNG modes for the osseous spiral lamina scoring highest. Visual scores significantly positively correlated with NPSLow, NPSHigh, and 50% modulation transfer function but negatively with contrast-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions
Modes providing higher spatial resolution and lower noise reduction showed an improved visual assessment of CT images reconstructed with FIRST.
The Efficacy of Chest Computed Tomography in Pediatric Patients With Suspected COVID-19
Authors: Rona Günay , Voyvoda Nuray , Arifoğlu Meral , Karaaslan Ayşe , Çetin Ceren 
Published: November 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate chest computed tomography (CT) findings and the value of CT in the diagnosis in children with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and Methods
Chest CT images of pediatric patients with suspected COVID-19 were retrospectively evaluated. Computed tomography findings were divided into 3 groups: normal, consistent, and inconsistent with COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity of CT were calculated by reference to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The study included patients with a mean age of 11.1 years (1 month–17 years). Of the patients, 43 (40.19%) had normal CT, 34 (31.77%) had CT findings consistent with COVID-19, and 30 (28.04%) had CT findings inconsistent with COVID-19. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CT were 47.92%, 81.36%, 67.65%, and 65.75%, respectively.

Conclusions
Because the sensitivity of CT in the pediatric age group is low, it should be used cautiously for the evaluation of COVID-19 in the pediatric age group.
Extending the Indication of the Superior Thyroid Artery as a Recipient Vessel for Complex Upper Body Defects
Authors: Ehrl Denis , Broer P. Niclas , Ninkovic Milomir , Giunta Riccardo E. , Moellhoff Nicholas 
Published: November 2020

Background
Reconstruction of complex chest and upper back defects can pose a challenge to microsurgeons, especially when prior surgery, scarring, tumor resection, or radiotherapy, have caused a shortage of recipient vessels. Although already being a standard approach for head and neck reconstructions, we investigated whether the indication of the superior thyroid artery (STA) as a safe and universal recipient vessel could be extended for reconstruction in aforementioned regions.

Methods
Seventeen patients received free myocutaneous vastus lateralis (MVL) muscle flaps for reconstruction of upper body defects (chest n = 11; upper back n = 6). In all cases, the STA was used for microvascular anastomosis because of a lack of standard recipient vessels. A retrospective chart review was performed and the data was screened for patients' demographics, intraoperative and perioperative details, flap survival, surgical complications, and overall long-term outcomes. Patients had a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Results
Defects resulted from infections after cardiac surgery (n = 10), infections after spinal neurosurgery (n = 2) or tumor resection (n = 5). Average defect size measured 144.6 (range, 40–286 cm2; ±67.9 cm2), with a mean size of the MVL free flaps of 266.8 (range, 160–384 cm2; ±69.5 cm2). The flap success rate was 100%, with minor complications in 4 patients. No major complications were observed in any of the patients.

Conclusions
The STA is a viable and safe alternative as a recipient vessel for reconstruction of upper body defects, especially when other vessels in proximity to the defect are deprived.
One-Stage Simultaneous Augmentation of 2 Regions of 3 Facial Reanimations After Mid Skull Base Surgery by Using a Neurovascular Latissimus Dorsi Chimeric Flap
Authors: Ogawa Kazuya , Okazaki Mutsumi , Tanaka Kentaro , Uemura Noriko , Homma Tsutomu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a patient who underwent secondary reconstruction for facial paralysis involving 2 regions of augmentation and 3 facial reanimations using a neurovascular latissimus dorsi (LD) chimeric flap.A 53-year-old man underwent mid-skull base surgery for a chondrosarcoma at the temporomandibular joint and primary reconstruction using a free anterolateral thigh flap. At 28 months after surgery, he showed temporal and buccal depression and incomplete facial paralysis. We planned 1-stage reconstruction using a neurovascular LD chimeric flap, which was divided into dual compounds of the neurovascular muscle with soft tissue along the descending and transverse bifurcation of the thoracodorsal neurovascular bundle. We added adipose tissue to the muscle belly of the transverse branch using microperforators. We cut the transverse nerve 2.7 cm from the hilus and about 5 cm from the bifurcation, enabling the proximal stump of the transverse branch to be sutured to the ipsilateral buccal branch and function as a cross-face nerve graft. The transverse branch compound was placed on the temporal region and its neural pedicle was sutured to the zygomatic branch. The descending branch compound was placed in the buccal region and sutured to the contralateral buccal branch.At 58 months after surgery, good contour remained, and smiling was voluntary and natural. On needle electromyography, the zygomatic major muscle and the muscle transferred to the buccal region showed good contraction, and the muscle transferred to the temporal region provided tonus to the lower eyelid. The versatility of the neurovascular chimeric flap facilitated multiple augmentations and 3 reanimations.
A Comparison of Intracranial Volumes and Metopic Index in Patients With Isolated Metopic Ridge, Metopic Craniosynostosis, and Normal Healthy Children
Authors: McKee Ryan M. , Kamel George N. , Cronin Brendan J. , Ewing Emily , Lance Samuel H. , Gosman Amanda A. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Previous research has shown that patients with metopic craniosynostosis have significantly reduced intracranial volumes (ICVs) compared to normal healthy children. Furthermore, the metopic index (ratio of midfrontozygomatic diameter to maximal cranial width) has been described as an anthropometric cranial index for patients with metopic craniosynostosis. We aimed to determine whether patients with isolated metopic ridge have significantly different ICVs or metopic indices than normal children and patients with metopic craniosynostosis.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of a metopic ridge or metopic craniosynostosis was performed from 2000 to 2015 at Rady Children's Hospital. Patients were grouped based on computed tomographic scans consistent with metopic craniosynostosis versus metopic ridge.

Results:
Data were available for 15 metopic ridge patients, 74 metopic craniosynostosis patients, and 213 normal patients. Mean metopic ridge ICV was greater than mean metopic craniosynostosis ICV at 4 to 6 months and 7 to 12 months. Controlling for age and sex, the difference in ICV associated with metopic ridging was 197.484 cm3 and 137.770 cm3 at 4 to 6 and 7 to 12 months, respectively. Similarly, mean metopic index was significantly greater in metopic ridge patients compared to mean metopic craniosynostosis at 4 to 6 months and at 7 to 12 months.

Conclusions:
Our study provides volumetric and anthropometric data to support the hypothesis that isolated metopic ridge is an intermediate phenotype between metopic craniosynostosis and normal cranial anatomy. We hope that characterizing the spectrum of disease involving premature closure of the metopic suture with regard to ICV and metopic index will aid physicians in their management of patients with isolated metopic ridge.
Microsurgical Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Complex Nasal and Midfacial Defect: Multistep Procedure Respecting Aesthetic Unit Criteria
Authors: Iacoviello Paolo , Bacigaluppi Susanna , Gramegna Marco , Callegari Simone , Signorini Giuseppe , Verrina Giuseppe 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Extended tumor resection in the middle third of the face leads to complex defects: wide, 3-dimensional, and multitissutal. Appropriate reconstruction is challenging but mandatory to obtain a functional and aesthetic outcome for the preservation of an acceptable quality of life. Three-dimensional combined flaps and multistep procedures concur to reach this scope.
This is exemplified on the treatment of an invasive recurrent skin malignancy involving the cheek and maxillary bone in association with a full-thickness nasal defect. Reconstruction was performed with 3-dimensional multifolded anterolateral tigh chimeric flap, followed by multistep procedure respecting the aesthetic nasal reconstruction guidelines. Reconstructive surgery had the following targets: targets: rebuilding the oral and nasal lining, filling the paranasal cavities, covering the facial skin defect respecting the aesthetic unit concept and providing a proper support to the facial structures.
The aesthetic unit concept has to be respected throughout all steps, from tumor debulking, to reconstruction and even for the management of complications.
A Novel Repair Idea on Nasal Sidewall Defect in Asians: Local Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Minchen , Gao Weicheng , Hu Yuting , Zhang Jie , Liu Songjian , Zhuo Ran 
Published: November 2020

Background:
The traditional ways indicate using different types of flap to repair the nasal sidewall defect, but the scar in the donor area or bloated flap is a problem that cannot be ignored. This study propose the clinical application of the principle of tissue regeneration priority in small defects (defect diameter <1.0 cm) of nasal sidewall.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 3 patients experienced the tumor excision and tissue regeneration healing in situ from January 2019 to January 2020. In this group, the nasal sidewall defect was treated with wound moist theory, preventing infection, to promote the wound regeneration and repair.

Result:
The longest follow-up time was 8 month, all patient undergone half a year follow-up at least. One of them were left small sunken scars but all of them healed up well and satisfied with the results.

Conclusion:
When dealing with the small defect of the skin and soft tissue on the nasal sidewall (defect diameter <1.0 cm), this article provided a new idea that is application of the priority principle for tissue regeneration repair rather than traditional flap used for 1-stage repair. For the small defects of the skin and soft tissue on the nasal sidewall, the tissue regeneration and natural repair in situ can achieve satisfactory effects. More importantly, it has the advantages of simplicity, ease of operation, and fewer complications.
Modified Cranioplasty and Latissimus Dorsi Flap for an Exophytic Invasive Brain Tumor
Authors: Ruiz-Garcia Henry , Huayllani Maria T. , Akinduro Oluwaseun O. , Tawk Rabih G. , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Forte Antonio Jorge 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We describe the clinical case of a 62-year-old man with an atypical grade II meningioma, invading bone and scalp, and present a step-by-step video description of a modified technique for cranioplasty and scalp reconstruction with latissimus dorsi flap. By using this technique, we aim to minimize the space between the dura and the flap, which would decrease the risk of fluid collections and infections.
Reconstruction of Oromandibular Defect After Tumor Resection by Sternomastoid-clavicular Flap
Authors: Zaid Amir M. , Elzahaby Isalm A. , Abdallah Ahmed , Elalfy Amr F. , Metwally Islam H. , Said Ahmed Wael M. , Eldamshety Osama 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study aims to evaluate sternocleidomastoid-clavicular osteo-myocutaneous flap (SCM-OMCF) for reconstruction of mandibular defects after tumor resection. In the period between 2010 and 2018, thirteen patients with primary mandibular tumors underwent mandibular resection and reconstruction with SCM-OMCF. Patients were followed up for 10 to 66 months. Hospital was 13 ± 4 days. All patients started fluid in the 2nd day. The mean time to start oral fluid was 7.5 ± 0.8 day. Four (30.8%) patients suffered from complications (infection and salivary leak in 1 case due to partial flap loss, donor wound dehiscence in 1 case, deep venous thrombosis in 1 case and chest infection in 1 case). None of our cases experienced motor disability. Two cases (15.9%) underwent reoperations. The overall aesthetic outcome was found excellent in 5 cases, satisfactory in 5 cases and fair in 3 cases. The functional outcomes were satisfactory. Tumor recurrences were detected in 2 (15.9%) patients. Two patients died during follow up within 2 years after 1st surgery due to local and distant recurrences. SCM-OMCF is a versatile, safe and simple technique for reconstructing mandibular defects less than 11 cm.
Anterior Skull Base Surgery via Endoscopic Endonasal Approach: Outcomes and Analysis
Authors: Aytaç Ismail , Tunç Orhan , Yazici Alper , Başaran Abdulkerim , Gönüldaş Burhanettin , Mumbuç Lütfi Semih 
Published: November 2020

Background:
This study was retrospectively conducted to evaluate the postoperative surgical results of our patients with anterior skull base mass, defect, and/or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea who underwent reconstruction via endoscopic endonasal approach and to share our experiences.

Methods:
Sociodemographic features of patients who had undergone endoscopic surgery in our clinic due to anterior skull base mass, defect, or rhinorrhea were evaluated in terms of etiological factors, surgical method, pathology, postoperative complications, need for revision surgery and comorbid disease.

Results:
A total of 131 patients were included; 76 were male and mean age was 36.2 years. Endoscopic endonasal surgery was performed for nasal mass (70.2%) in 92 cases, rhinorrhea (17.6%) in 23 cases, chronic sinusitis (7.6%) in 10 cases, and gunshot injury (4.6%) in 6 cases. After surgery, benign mass pathology was detected in 75 patients and malignant mass pathology was detected in 23 patients. Osteoma was the most common among benign formations, and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common among malignant formations. The most common cause of surgical revision was nasal masses (25 cases, 77.4%).

Conclusion:
Endoscopic intracranial interventions and increased anterior skull base surgery are garnering increased interest of physicians as endoscopic approaches are gaining popularity in recent years. Successful results are achieved through appropriate diagnostic methods and endoscopic approaches. Success rates will be further increased due to developing technology and imaging methods, while the risk of complications and revision surgery will be further reduced.