bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's decision‐making autonomy and utilization of antenatal, natal and post‐natal healthcare services: Insights from Tajikistan's national surveys
Authors: Auchynnikava Alena , Habibov Nazim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this article is to investigate the link between women's autonomy and their utilization of antenatal, natal and post‐natal healthcare services in Tajikistan. Previous studies focused only on a single dimension of such services, for instance, utilization of antenatal care. By contrast, we explore antenatal, natal and post‐natal healthcare services utilization using the number of indicator for each of the dimensions.MethodsData come from two national surveys that were conducted in 2012 and 2017. The target population is women of reproductive age (16–49) who were married or cohabitating with a partner (N = 7540). Several regression models were estimated to quantify association between women's autonomy and the utilization.ResultsLack of women's autonomy is associated with a lower probability of: (a) having had at least four antenatal check‐ups during pregnancy, (b) beginning first antenatal check‐up early, (c) delivering in a healthcare facility, (d) having the skilled attendance during pregnancy, (e) having a mother post‐delivery check‐up, and (f) having a child post‐delivery check‐up. The size effect of women's autonomy is stronger than that of well‐developed precursors of utilization such as poverty and mothers' education.ConclusionWomen autonomy should be improved to achieve higher rates of child and maternal healthcare utilization. Studies of maternal and child healthcare utilization should control explicitly for women's autonomy.
Changes in groundwater bacterial community during cyclic groundwater‐table variations
Authors: Xia Xuefeng , Stewart Douglas Ian , Cheng Lirong , Wang Kai , Li Jing , Zhang Dan , Ding Aizhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColumn experiments containing an aquifer sand were subjected to static and oscillating water tables to investigate the impact of natural fluctuations and rainfall infiltration on the groundwater bacterial community just below the phreatic surface, and its association with the geochemistry. Once the columns were established, the continuously saturated zone was anoxic in all three columns. The rate of soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization was higher when the water table varied cyclically than when it was static due to the greater availability of NO3− and SO42−. Natural fluctuations in the water table resulted in a similar NO3− concentration to that observed with a static water table but the cyclic wetting of the intermittently saturated zone resulted in a higher SO42− concentration. Rainfall infiltration induced cyclic water‐table variations resulted in a higher NO3− concentration than those in the other two columns, and a SO42− concentration intermediate between those columns. As rainwater infiltration resulted in slow downward displacement of the groundwater, it is inferred that NO3− and SO42− were being mobilized from the vadose zone. NO3− was mainly released by SOM mineralization (which was enhanced by the infiltration of oxygenated rainwater), but the larger amount of SO42− release required a second mechanism (possibly desorption). Different groundwater bacterial communities evolved from initially similar populations due to the different groundwater histories.
Home literacy practices in relation to language skills of children living in low‐wealth rural communities
Authors: Zgourou Eleni , Bratsch‐Hines Mary , Vernon‐Feagans Lynne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUsing a sample of 1,117 families living in low‐wealth rural areas, the current study focused on how home literacy practices for 3‐year‐old children were related to the children's language skills at ages 3 and 4. Three types of home literacy practices were explored: parent‐to‐child literacy practices, child literacy practices, and parent literacy practices. Results indicated that a variety of parent‐to‐child and child literacy practices frequently took place. Regression analyses showed that only child literacy practices were positively associated with language outcomes concurrently at age 3 and later at age 4. Findings have implications for early childhood educators and policy makers who may use this information to support literacy practices among families residing in low‐wealth rural areas.Highlights
Home literacy practices in rural families were explored in relation to children's language skills.
Home literacy practices at age 3 included parent‐to‐child literacy practices, child literacy practices, and parent literacy practices.
Only child literacy practices were significantly associated with children's language skills at ages 3 and 4.
Mammography features for early markers of aggressive breast cancer subtypes and tumor characteristics: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Tan Pui San , Ali Maya Alsheh , Eriksson Mikael , Hall Per , Humphreys Keith , Czene Kamila 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCurrent breast cancer risk models identify mostly less aggressive tumors, although only women developing fatal breast cancer will greatly benefit from early identification. Here, we evaluated the use of mammography features (microcalcification clusters, computer‐generated Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [cBIRADS] density and lack of breast density reduction) as early markers of aggressive subtypes and tumor characteristics. Mammograms were retrieved from a population‐based cohort of women that were diagnosed with breast cancer from 2001 to 2008 in Stockholm‐Gotland County, Sweden. Tumor and patient characteristics were obtained from Stockholm Breast Cancer Quality Register and the Swedish Cancer Registry. Multinomial logistic regression was used to individually model each mammographic feature as a function of molecular subtypes, tumor characteristics and detection mode. A total of 4546 women with invasive breast cancer were included in the study. Women with microcalcification clusters in the affected breast were more likely to have human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 subtype (odds ratio [OR] 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24‐2.54) and potentially less likely to have basal subtype (OR 0.54; 0.30‐0.96) compared to Luminal A subtype. High mammographic cBIRADS showed association with larger tumor size and interval vs screen‐detected cancers. Lack of density reduction was associated with interval vs screen‐detected cancers (OR 1.43; 1.11‐1.83) and potentially of Luminal B subtype vs Luminal A subtype (OR 1.76; 1.04‐2.99). In conclusion, microcalcification clusters, cBIRADS density and lack of breast density reduction could serve as early markers of particular subtypes and tumor characteristics of breast cancer. This information has the potential to be integrated into risk models to identify women at risk for developing aggressive breast cancer in need of supplemental screening.
The relationship between gold price and the American financial market
Authors: Moussa Wajdi , Mgadmi Nidhal , Regaieg Rym , Bejaoui Azza 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the effect of the gold price on the American financial market. In particular, we analyse the impact of gold price on dollar exchange rate and returns of the American banks. Methodologically, we use a unified approach based on multi‐models not only to examine the gold price and U.S. market nexus but also to highlight the dynamics of such relationship over the period December 19, 1994–June 30, 2017. We show that a long‐relationship between gold price, dollar exchange rate and U.S. bank returns is well documented. As well, the behaviour and dynamics of such relationship are characterized by some salient features. In particular, the nonlinear adjustment of gold price against the U.S. financial market is well documented, implying that gold price plays a substantial role in creating a pressure on the dollar exchange rate and U.S. banks returns. Such findings could provide interesting insights for policymakers and investors.
Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Matsugasumi Toru , Nakanouchi Tsuneyuki , Mikami Kazuya , Shiraishi Takumi , Kadoya Masatoshi , Toriyama Seijiro , Taniguchi Hidefumi , Fujihara Atsuko , Hongo Fumiya , Ukimura Osamu 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionThe remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome primarily occurs in elderly individuals to represent symptoms of edema, pain, and joint swelling. It could be misdiagnosed in elderly maintenance hemodialysis patients, as hemodialysis patients often present with pain and joint swelling induced by hypervolemia, inflammation, amyloidosis, and/or chronic kidney disease. Here, we describe a maintenance hemodialysis patient with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome.Case presentationA 71‐year‐old man on maintenance hemodialysis who complained of continuous pain and swelling of joints was diagnosed with remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome on his clinical findings that revealed tenosynovitis at the joint without joint erosions and no elevation of anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor. After administration of prednisolone, systemic edema, and pain improved in 2 days.ConclusionRemitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema syndrome should be considered as a differential diagnosis in hemodialysis patients with edema and/or arthralgia.
Prostaglandylinositol cyclic phosphate, the natural antagonist of cyclic AMP
Authors: Wasner Heinrich K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile searching for a counterpart to cyclic AMP, a new compound was found to inhibit adenylate cyclase. It was identified as prostaglandyl‐(15‐4′)‐myo‐inositol (1′:2′‐cyclic)‐phosphate (cyclic PIP). The substrates for its biosynthesis are prostaglandin E (PGE) and the novel inositol phosphate, guanosine diphospho‐4‐myo‐inositol 1:2‐cyclic phosphate (n‐IP). The basic regulatory properties of cyclic PIP are to inhibit dose‐dependently protein kinase A (PKA) and to seven‐fold activate protein ser/thr phosphatase holoenzyme. These regulations occur as rapidly as the activation of PKA by cyclic AMP. Such regulatory properties are essential for the meticulous regulation of the equilibrium between the phospho‐ and de‐phospho‐form of interconvertible enzymes. The synthesis of cyclic PIP is stimulated by insulin and noradrenaline (α‐receptor action). The insulin‐stimulated cyclic PIP synthase is active in a tyrosine‐phosphorylated state. A comparable characterization of the adrenaline‐stimulated cyclic PIP synthase is still incomplete. In streptozotocin‐diabetic rats, the hormonal stimulation of cyclic PIP synthesis decreases with time. Cyclic PIP synthesis is activated by biguanides as metformin two to four‐fold and by antihypertensive drugs two‐fold. Inhibition of cyclic PIP synthesis leads to a metabolic state as observed in early‐stage type‐2 diabetes. In summary, all living cells synthesize cyclic PIP, which switches on anabolism, whereas cyclic AMP triggers catabolism.
Nuclear‐mitochondrial crosstalk: On the role of the nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog‐1 (NR5A2) in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism, cell survival, and cancer
Authors: Michalek Svenja , Brunner Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLiver receptor homolog‐1 (LRH‐1, NR5A2) is an orphan nuclear receptor with widespread activities in the regulation of development, stemness, metabolism, steroidogenesis, and proliferation. Many of the LRH‐1‐regulated processes target the mitochondria and associated activities. While under physiological conditions, a balanced LRH‐1 expression and regulation contribute to the maintenance of a physiological equilibrium, deregulation of LRH‐1 has been associated with inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the role and mechanism(s) of how LRH‐1 regulates metabolic processes, cell survival, and cancer in a nuclear‐mitochondrial crosstalk, and evaluate its potential as a pharmacological target.
Tracking heavy‐water‐incorporated confocal Raman spectroscopy for evaluating the effects of PEGylated emulsifiers on skin barrier
Authors: Liu Yali , Lunter Dominique Jasmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe class of PEGylated emulsifiers finds broad application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. We target on one of the categories of polyethylene glycol (PEG) alkyl ethers with different lipophilic and hydrophilic chain length and aim to examine their effects on the skin comprehensively. In this study, we employed confocal Raman spectroscopy for skin depth profiling and imaging. A unique probe of heavy water (D2O) was incorporated, which can be tracked percutaneously and simultaneously monitor the effects caused by emulsifiers. According to the results, most of the PEGylated emulsifiers caused changes in skin lipid content/organization and induced the alteration in relative water content/hydrogen bonding structure. The results obtained from the depth profiling analysis provided the possibility to estimate the least penetration depth of emulsifiers. Among them, PEG‐20 ethers displayed the most penetration ability. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that the treatment of emulsifiers also affected the spatial distribution of D2O whose differences were in line with the molecular skin variations. In particular, the isotopic H/D substitution in the skin was highlighted in detail. This result supports the possibility to use D2O as an excellent and cost‐effective probe to evaluate the skin barrier function.
Pinitol attenuates LPS‐induced pneumonia in experimental animals: Possible role via inhibition of the TLR‐4 and NF‐κB/IκBα signaling cascade pathway
Authors: Fan Yingying , Wang Jian , Feng Zhihui , Cao Ke , Xu Hao , Liu Jiankang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPneumonia is a chronic disorder of the respiratory system associated with worsening quality of life and a significant economic burden. Pinitol, a plant cyclic polyol, has been documented for immune‐inflammatory potential. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the potential and possible mechanism of action of pinitol against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pneumonia in the experimental animal model. Pneumonia was induced in Sprague‐Dawley rats by intratracheal administration of LPS (2 mg/kg). Animals were treated with either vehicle or dexamethasone or pinitol (5 or 10 or 20 mg/kg). Potential of pinitol against LPS‐induced pulmonary insult was assessed based on behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and ultrastructural studies. Intratracheal instillation of LPS induced significant (P < .05) inflammatory infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue reflected by elevated pleural effusion volume, lung edema, BALF polymorphonuclear leukocytes count and lung myeloperoxidase levels, which was attenuated by pinitol (10 and 20 mg/kg) administration. Pinitol also markedly (P < .05) inhibited LPS‐induced alterations in electrocardiographic, hemodynamic changes, right ventricular, and lung function tests. The LPS‐induced downregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), whereas upregulated transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, NOD‐, LRR‐, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) lung messenger RNA expressions were significantly (P < .05) inhibited by pinitol. Western blot analysis suggested pinitol markedly (P < .05) decreased nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IkBα), toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4), and cyclooxygenase‐II (COX‐II) protein expressions in the lung. These findings were further supported by histological and ultrastructural analyses of lung tissue that show pinitol significantly (P < .05) ameliorates LPS‐induced aberrations in lung tissue. In conclusion, pinitol attenuated LPS‐induced pneumonia via inhibition of TLR‐4 to downregulate the NF‐κB/IκBα signaling cascade and thus ameliorated the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, ILs, NLRP3, and TGF‐β), inflammatory mediators (COX‐II and iNOs) and elevated oxidative stress (Nrf‐2 and HO‐1).
Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy between two PCR test kits for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid detection
Authors: Lu Yu , Li Limin , Ren Shan , Liu Xin , Zhang Lanzuo , Li Wei , Yu Hongli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the diagnostic efficacy between two different real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) nucleic acid detection and provide references for laboratories.MethodsThroat swab samples from 18 hospitalized patients were clinically diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and 100 hospitalized patients without COVID‐19 were collected. SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid was detected in throat swab samples with RT‐PCR test kits from Sansure Biotech Inc (Hunan, China) and Shanghai BioGerm Medical Biotechnology Co., Ltd.(Shanghai, China). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and kappa value were analyzed, and three parallel tests were performed with three weakly positive samples.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and kappa value of the Sansure PCR kit were 0.833, 1.000, 1.000, 0.971, and 0.894, respectively, and the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and kappa value of the BioGerm PCR kit were 0.944, 1.000, 1.000, 0.990, and 0.966, respectively. For the three parallel tests, the coefficient of variation value of the BioGerm PCR kit in all three samples was the smallest for both the ORF1ab and N gene.ConclusionThe detection efficacy of the BioGerm PCR kit for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid detection was relatively higher than that of the Sansure PCR kit.
Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy (RO DBT) in the treatment of perfectionism: A case study
Authors: Little J. Nicole , Codd R. Trent 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present the case of an adult male (“Jake”) with chronic Anorexia Nervosa, buttressed by dysfunctional levels of perfectionism and aggravated by long‐standing mood and anxiety disturbance, successfully treated with Radically Open Dialectical Behavior Therapy (RO DBT). RO DBT is an evidence‐based, transdiagnostic psychotherapy designed to address perfectionistic overcontrolled coping through teaching flexibility, openness, and healthy self‐doubt. We illustrate this treatment approach by means of describing its application to this case, including discussing core RO DBT treatment strategies and providing sample dialogues. Also demonstrated are the importance of case conceptualization strategies specific to overcontrolled individuals, unique challenges with attending to alliance ruptures with this population such as difficulty discriminating when they occur, and the importance of prioritizing social signaling as a treatment target. Jake's Anorexia Nervosa was in remission at the conclusion of treatment.
Absolute Bioavailability of Microdosed Midazolam After Buccal Administration Is Dependent on Buccal Exposure Time
Authors: Grass Jana , Rose Peter , Burhenne Jürgen , Blank Antje , Haefeli Walter Emil , Mikus Gerd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMidazolam is an established probe drug to assess cytochrome P450 3A activity (phenotyping). Microdosed midazolam is increasingly used for this purpose; a buccal formulation might be of advantage, but buccal absorption might occur. We therefore tested in a single‐center, open‐label clinical trial with 12 healthy volunteers the absolute bioavailability of 10 μg of midazolam after buccal administration in relation to buccal exposure time. In relation to a drinking solution, there was an increase of midazolam exposure (area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity) with increasing buccal exposure time with an apparent saturation at 100‐second buccal exposure. Absolute bioavailability increased from 27.8% (95% confidence interval, 23.5‐32.9) for the drinking solution (0 seconds) to 66.1% (95% confidence interval, 60.0‐72.8) after 100‐second buccal exposure with no further increase after 150 seconds. A Hill equation described the time dependency of midazolam bioavailability with maximal bioavailability as 64.5% and buccal exposure time resulting in half maximal bioavailability increase as 16 seconds. In conclusion, midazolam bioavailability is highly dependent on buccal exposure time, and even a few seconds of buccal exposure will increase bioavailability due to buccal absorption. This needs to be taken into account for any buccal administration of midazolam.
Sonographic appearance of a large lipoma of the spermatic cord presenting clinically as an inguinoscrotal hernia
Authors: Sim Woo Yeol , Park Noh Hyuck 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLipoma of the spermatic cord or the round ligament is called inguinal canal lipoma. It may present as an inguinal herniating mass of fat tissue, with or without an accompanying herniating sac. There are few reports about large lipomas of the spermatic cord. We describe a case of a large spermatic cord pure lipoma, initially suspected to be an inguinal hernia upon physical examination. We diagnosed the lipoma with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient subsequently underwent left orchiectomy.
In an era of uncertainty: Impact of COVID‐19 on dental education
Authors: Hung Man , Licari Frank W. , Hon Eric S. , Lauren Evelyn , Su Sharon , Birmingham Wendy C. , Wadsworth Lori L. , Lassetter Jane H. , Graff Tyler C. , Harman William , Carroll William B. , Lipsky Martin S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose/ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic arguably represents the worst public health crisis of the 21st century. However, no empirical study currently exists in the literature that examines the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on dental education. This study evaluated the impact of COVID‐19 on dental education and dental students’ experience.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was administrated to professional dental students that focused on their experiences related to COVID‐19. The survey included questions about student demographics, protocols for school reopening and student perceptions of institutional responses, student concerns, and psychological impacts.ResultsAmong the 145 respondents, 92.4% were pre‐doctoral dental students and 7.6% were orthodontic residents; 48.2% were female and 12.6% students lived alone during the school closure due to the pandemic. Students’ age ranged from 23 to 39 years. Younger students expressed more concerns about their emotional health (P = 0.01). In terms of the school's overall response to COVID‐19, 73.1% students thought it was effective. The majority (83%) of students believed that social distancing in school can minimize the development of COVID‐19. In general, students felt that clinical education suffered after transitioning to online but responded more positively about adjustments to other online curricular components.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic significantly impacted dental education. Our findings indicate that students are experiencing increased levels of stress and feel their clinical education has suffered. Most students appear comfortable with technology adaptations for didactic curriculum and favor masks, social distancing, and liberal use of sanitizers.
Engaging thieno[2,3‐b]indole‐2,3‐dione for the efficient synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐thiopyrano[2,3‐b]indole] by reaction with N‐substituted isatilidenes
Authors: Thomas Noble V. , Sathi Vidya , Deepthi Ani , Sudheendran Leena Sruthi , Chopra Sidharth 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient method, proceeding through a new mechanistic pathway, for the synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4‐thiopyrano[2.3‐b]indole derivatives have been developed by exploiting the reaction of thieno[2,3‐b]indole‐2,3‐dione with N‐substituted isatilidenes. The compounds synthesized have been screened for antibacterial activity. The generality of the reaction and mechanistic rationale are presented.