bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of hypertonic saline nebulization in airway clearance in children with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A randomized control trial
Authors: Anuradha Kodippilikande W. D. A. , Gunathilaka Paththini K Ganganath , Wickramasinghe Vithanage P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionFailure to expectorate mucus resulting in progressive airway damage is the hallmark of bronchiectasis. Therefore effective airway clearance techniques (ACT) is the key step in its management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3% hypertonic saline (HS) pre‐medication in ACT in children with non cystic fibrosis (non‐CF) bronchiectasis.MethodsIn this randomized crossover control trial five to 15 year old children, diagnosed with non‐CF bronchiectasis were randomized either to receive 200 µg of inhaled salbutamol followed by HS nebulization (test) or only 200 µg of inhaled salbutamol, before chest physiotherapy which is the conventional ACT (controls) for 8 weeks. Inhaled salbutamol was administered via a pressurized metered dosed inhaler with a valved holding chamber. After completion of first phase both groups went through one month washout period, before being crossed over to the opposite arms in the second phase. Spirometric parameters and number of exacerbations were recorded at the end of phase I, washout period and phase II.ResultsFifty two out of 63 enrolled completed the study. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. A significantly higher mean improvement was seen in predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s in the HS arm during phase 1 (HS = 14.15 ± 5.50 vs. conventional = 5.04 ± 5.55, p = .001) and phase II (HS = 10.81 ± 5.51 vs. conventional = 3.54 ± 5.13, p = .001) compared to conventional ACT arm. HS group showed a significantly higher mean improvement in predicted forced vital capacity in phase I (HS = 13.77 ± 5.73 vs. conventional = 7.54 ± 4.90, p = .001) and phase II, (HS = 9.42 ± 7.00 vs. conventional = 4.42 ± 4.00, p = .003).Mean number of exacerbations experienced by a single child during phase I (2 months) were significantly less (p = .001) in HS arm (0.42 ± 0.64) compared to that of conventional arm (1.30 ± 1.05) butthis difference was not significant in phase II (HS = 0.65 ± 0.74 and conventional = 1.03 ± 0.77, p = .074).ConclusionIncorporating HS nebulization into ACT is an effective strategy to improve dynamic lung volumes and morbidity in children with non‐CF bronchiectasis.
Innovating and adapting in pediatric pulmonology and sleep medicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic: ATS pediatric assembly web committee consensus statement for initial COVID‐19 virtual response
Authors: Taylor Jane B. , Oermann Christopher M. , Deterding Robin R. , Redding Gregory , Davis Stephanie D. , Piccione Joseph , Moore Paul E. , Kupfer Oren , Santiago Maria Teresa , Rosenfeld Margaret , Ingram David G. , Ross Kristie , DeBoer Emily M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been an unprecedented and continuously evolving healthcare crisis. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spread rapidly and initially little was known about the virus or the clinical course for infected children. In the United States of America, the medical response has been regionalized, based on variation in community transmission of the virus and localized outbreaks. Pediatric pulmonary and sleep divisions evolved in response to administrative and clinical challenges. As the workforce transitioned to working remotely, video conferencing technology and multicenter collaborative efforts were implemented to create clinical protocols. The COVID‐19 pandemic challenges the framework of current medical practice but also highlights the dynamic and cooperative nature of pediatric pulmonology and sleep medicine. Our response to this pandemic has laid the groundwork for future challenges.
Review: evolutionary drivers of agricultural adaptation in Lolium spp.
Authors: Matzrafi Maor , Preston Christopher , Brunharo Caio Augusto 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe genus Lolium comprises many species, of which L. perenne ssp. multiflorum, L. perenne ssp. perenne, and L. rigidum are of worldwide agricultural importance as both pasture crops and as weeds. These three species are inter‐fertile, obligate out‐crossers with a self‐incompatible reproduction system. This combination contributes to high genetic diversity that supplies new variants during expansion to new natural areas and agricultural environments. Human dispersal, de‐domestication and crop‐weed hybridization events between Lolium spp., or with others such as Festuca spp., are likely associated with their distinct weediness abilities. Furthermore, new introductions followed by introgression may hasten adaptation to new environments. Most Lolium‐related weed science studies have focused on adaptation leading to herbicide resistance, but other forms of adaptation may also occur. In this review, we explore how the wide genetic variation among Lolium species and hybridization with other species may contribute to range expansion, and adaptation to both new agricultural practices and future predicted climate change scenarios. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Navigating high‐speed unmanned surface vehicles: System approach and validations
Authors: Zhuang Jiayuan , Zhang Lei , Wang Bo , Su Yumin , Sun Hanbing , Liu Yuanchang , Bucknall Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith an increasing interest in the deployment of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) to support complex ocean operations, high‐speed USVs (≥40 knots) have become an important option, especially in accomplishing demanding tasks such as coastal guarding. At present, there is a vast amount of studies focusing on the development of USVs' autonomous navigation systems, and the results of most of them have only been verified by simulations or demonstrations on low‐speed experimental USVs (≤20 knots). It remains unclear how high‐speed USVs would perform in real applications. In particular, when USVs are navigating at high‐speed, reliable obstacle detections and robust motion control become increasingly difficult to achieve than in normal conditions. This paper therefore presents a new autonomous navigation system for high‐speed USVs with the system software and hardware been designed on the basis for ensuring a safe and reliable operation. Within such a system, a collision avoidance algorithm based on velocity obstacle able to adjust the USV's heading and speed in real‐time has been integrated. A local environment modelling method and a heading maintain method by considering Coast Guard International Regulations for Avoiding Collision at Sea are proposed to improve the reliability and stability of the system. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system has been verified and validated by hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation tests and sea trials on a high‐speed USV (“Tianxing No. 1”) in practical maritime environments. Results show that the autonomous navigation system adapts to the characteristics of high‐speed USVs and can guide high‐speed USVs (≥40 knots) in realising a safe autonomous navigation, which significantly improves the USV's autonomy level.
Glucose‐Derived N‐Doped Graphitic Carbon: Facile One‐Pot Graphitic Structure‐Controlled Chemical Synthesis with Comprehensive Insight into the Controlling Mechanisms
Authors: Mohamed Marwa A. A. , Carrasco‐Marín Francisco , Elessawy Noha A. , Hamad Hesham A. F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractModification of graphitic structure chemistry and physics affords the N‐doped graphitic carbonaceous materials (NGCMs) superior and novel functional properties, which is essential for substantial development of applications based on such materials. The present research provides novel simple structure‐controlled chemical synthesis of NGCM. NGCM is grown from cyclic polymerization of glucose molecules upon hydrothermal treatment, employing Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and ammonia as structure‐directing agents. Hydrothermal temperature and CTAB dose were manipulated and the produced graphitic structure has been explored in terms of oxidation state, N‐doping, surface functionalization with CTAB and morphology. NGC derivatives of various structural features are obtained. Products range from oxidized graphitic carbon of mixed micro‐sized sphere/sheet morphology to highly‐reduced graphene‐like nanosheets; the C/O atomic ratio increases from 8.2‐12.4 and sheet thickness downs from 30 μm‐ ∼1 nm. Also, N‐doping configurations and graphitic surface functionalization by CTAB are greatly influenced. CTAB plays the key role in setting the graphitic structure characteristics. Additionally, ammonia has a modest effect. Understanding of the controlling mechanisms is focused. The effective and ease control of graphitic structure via this facile, economic and ecofriendly synthesis approach, can benefit the design of NGCM with tuned functional properties for specific applications in technological industries.
Novel Triazole‐Tethered Derivatives of Nor‐codeine: Synthesis, Radioligand Binding Assay, Docking Study and Evaluation of Their Analgesic Properties
Authors: Gharehnaghadeh Saman , Salehi Peyman , Bararjanian Morteza , Pecio Łukasz , Babanezhad‐Harikandei Kosar , Khoramjouy Mona , Shahhosseini Soraya , Faizi Mehrdad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA series of novel 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives of nor‐codeine were synthesized by N‐demethylation of codeine by a new procedure followed by propargylation of nitrogen and alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction. Affinities of all compounds to Mu opioid receptors were evaluated by in vitro radioligand binding assay method. Seven compounds out of all eighteen novel products were selected for in vivo analgesic tail flick test. Most of the synthesized compounds showed promising results in which 3‐((1‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐phenoxypropyl)‐1H‐1,2,3,–triazol‐4‐yl)methyl)‐9‐methoxy‐2,3,4,4a,7,7a hexahydro‐1H‐4,12‐methanobenzofuro[3,2‐e]isoquinolin‐7‐ol (16 e) with an ED50 of 8.68 mg/kg revealed considerable analgesic activity even better than codeine (9.55 mg/kg) as a commercial drug. Also, docking studies were made on Mu opioid receptor (BU72) which showed good agreement with experimental data. The mentioned compound had the highest docking scores of −10.84 and −9.90 kcal/mol for R and S diastereomers, respectively.
Facile Synthesis of MnO2/Ti3C2Tx/CC as Positive Electrode of All‐Solid‐State Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Xiuhang , Liu Yong , Zhou Qiang , Su Fenghua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe pseudo‐capacitance material Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors; however, its poor electrical conductivity hinders the realization of high specific capacitance. Herein, the MnO2 and Ti3C2Tx (MXene) were deposited on carbon cloth (CC) by a facile two‐step electrodeposition method for synthesizing free‐binder MnO2/Ti3C2Tx/CC composite electrode. Benefiting from the excellent conductivity of Ti3C2Tx and the excellent pseudo‐capacitance performance of MnO2, the as‐obtained composite electrode exhibited a higher specific capacitance (411.5 F g−1 at the current density of 1 A g−1). In addition, all‐solid‐state flexible asymmetric supercapacitors were successfully assembled from the positive electrode of MnO2/Ti3C2Tx/CC and the negative electrode of Ti3C2Tx/CC. The as‐assembled supercapacitor presented a large operating voltage of 1.7 V, a high energy density of 24.3 Wh Kg−1 at a power density of 850 W Kg−1. This work provides a simple and efficient approach to prepare composite electrodes and fabricate all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors with high electrochemical performances.
Platform governance and the rural–urban divide: Sellers' responses to design change
Authors: Koo Wesley W. , Eesley Charles E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryPlatform companies use design changes to govern their participants. The success of a design change depends on participants' responses, which are influenced by their local environments. Our study focuses on an important aspect of the local environment—rural versus urban. Using data from a leading e‐commerce platform, we find that relative to urban sellers, rural sellers were particularly poor at adjusting to a major design change, resulting in a persistent performance gap. We attribute these misaligned responses to rural sellers' lack of local access to rich information. This study shows that sellers' local heterogeneity generates equivocal responses and carries unintended consequences for platform governance. It also enriches our understanding of digital inequality and algorithmic design by highlighting the importance of the “offline interface.”Managerial SummaryDigital platforms frequently change their design rules (e.g., ranking algorithms) to guide the behavior of participants. However, participants are inherently heterogeneous, and their abilities to understand and follow a design change also vary across populations. This study examines a major design change on a leading e‐commerce platform. We find that, compared to urban sellers, rural sellers developed responses that detracted from the platform's design goals and resulted in lower sales. This study highlights the need for digital platforms to understand how participants' offline environments affect their online behavior. This study also shapes the conversation on digital inequality: despite being connected online, entrepreneurs in traditionally disadvantaged regions may still suffer from a lack of accessible local information channels.
Blind competition on the numerical simulation of steel‐fiber‐reinforced concrete beams failing in shear
Authors: Barros Joaquim , Sanz Beatriz , Kabele Petr , Yu Rena C. , Meschke Günther , Planas Jaime , Cunha Vitor , Caggiano Antonio , Ozyurt Nilüfer , Gouveia Ventura , van den Bos Ab , Poveda Elisa , Gal Erez , Cervenka Jan , Neu Gerrit E. , Rossi Pierre , Dias‐da‐Costa Daniel , Juhasz Peter K. , Cendon David , Ruiz Gonzalo , Valente Tiago 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExperimental research has shown the extraordinary potential of the addition of short fibers to cement‐based materials by improving significantly the behavior of concrete structures for serviceability and ultimate limit states. Software based on the finite element method has been used for the simulation of the material nonlinear behavior of fiber‐reinforced concrete (FRC) structures. The applicability of the existing approaches has often been assessed by simulating experimental tests with structural elements, in general of a small scale, where the parameter values of the material constitutive laws are adjusted for the aimed predicting level, which constitutes an inverse technique of arguable utility for structural design practice. For assessing the predictive performance of these approaches, a blind simulation competition was organized. Two twin T‐cross section steel FRC beams, flexurally reinforced with steel bars and without conventional shear reinforcement in the critical shear span, were experimentally tested up to failure. Despite the experimental data provided for the definition of the relevant model parameters, inaccuracies on the load capacity, deflection, and strain at peak load attained 40, 113, and 600%, respectively. Inadequate failure modes and highly different results were estimated with the same commercial software, indicating the need for deeper analysis and understanding of the models and influence of their parameters on their predictive performance.
Optimization of alongwind and crosswind force coefficients on a tall building with horizontal limbs using surrogate modeling
Authors: Paul Rajdip , Dalui Sujit Kumar 
Published: December 2020

SummaryFor tall buildings, values of wind force coefficients can be obtained from wind tunnel tests or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This paper is concentrated to analyze a set of CFD data and propose parametric equations for determining force coefficients in the alongwind and crosswind direction (Cfx and Cfy) of tall buildings with horizontal limbs. Initially, a parametric study is performed with CFD analysis considering RANS k − ε turbulence models keeping a constant plan area 22,500 mm2. The length and velocity scales are taken as 1:300 and 1:5, respectively. The required design parameters are obtained and used for fitting parametric equations. The CFD data are further utilized for training artificial neural networks of Cfx and Cfy. The results of CFD, ANN, and parametric equations are compared. The parametric equations are validated by employing a wind tunnel study. Finally, three optimization studies are carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA), of which the first two aim to present the maximum and minimum force coefficients considering single objectives. The third optimization is a multi‐objective optimization problem, carried out to simultaneously minimize and maximize the two orthogonal force coefficients. Pareto‐optimal design results are presented.
Hypoosmolality impedes cytoophidium integrity during nitrogen starvation
Authors: Li Yi‐Lan , Liu Ji‐Long 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCTP synthase (CTPS) cytoophidia have been found in many species over domains of life in the past 10 years, implying the evolutionary conservation of these structures. However, there are differences in cytoophidia between species. The difference in CTPS cytoophidium properties between budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) inspires this research. We study the effects of culture environment on cytoophidia in S. cerevisiae by switching to the optimal medium for S. pombe. S. cerevisiae CTPS cytoophidium fragmentation and pseudohyphae formation are observed after treatment with S. pombe medium YES instead of S. cerevisiae medium YPD. By modifying the level of each ingredient of the media, we find that hypoosmolality impedes cytoophidium integrity during nitrogen starvation. Our study demonstrates the relationship between cytoophidium integrity and environmental stress, supporting the role of cytoophidia in stress resistance.
The glueball spectrum of SU(3) gauge theory in 3 + 1 dimensions
Authors: Athenodorou Andreas , Teper Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We calculate the low-lying glueball spectrum of the SU(3) lattice gauge theory in 3 + 1 dimensions for the range β ≤ 6.50 using the standard plaquette action. We do so for states in all the representations R of the cubic rotation group, and for both values of parity P and charge conjugation C . We extrapolate these results to the continuum limit of the theory using the confining string tension σ as our energy scale. We also present our results in units of the r0 scale and, from that, in terms of physical ‘GeV’ units. For a number of these states we are able to identify their continuum spins J with very little ambiguity. We also calculate the topological charge Q of the lattice gauge fields so as to show that we have sufficient ergodicity throughout our range of β, and we calculate the multiplicative renormalisation of Q as a function of β. We also obtain the continuum limit of the SU(3) topological susceptibility.
5d SCFTs from (En, Em) conformal matter
Authors: Hübner Max 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We determine 5d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs originating from 6d (En, Em) conformal matter theories with n ≠ m by circle reduction and mass deformations. The marginal geometries are constructed and we derive their combined fiber diagrams (CFDs). The CFDs allow for an enumeration of descendant SCFTs obtained by decoupling matter hypermultiplets and a description of candidate weakly coupled quivers.
Multicomponent dark matter in noncommutative B − L gauge theory
Authors: Nam Cao H. , Van Loi Duong , Thuy Le Xuan , Van Dong Phung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is shown that for a higher weak isospin symmetry, SU(P)L with P ≥ 3, the baryon minus lepton charge B − L neither commutes nor closes algebraically with SU(P)L similar to the electric charge Q, which all lead to a SU(3)C ⊗ SU(P)L ⊗ U(1)X ⊗ U(1)N gauge completion, where X and N determine Q and B − L, respectively. As a direct result, the neutrinos obtain appropriate masses via a canonical seesaw. While the version with P = 3 supplies the schemes of single-component dark matter well established in the literature, we prove in this work that the models with P ≥ 4 provide the novel scenarios of multicomponent dark matter, which contain simultaneously at least P−2 stable candidates, respectively. In this setup, the multicomponet dark matter is nontrivially unified with normal matter by gauge multiplets, and their stability is ensured by a residual gauge symmetry which is a remnant of the gauge symmetry after spontaneous symmetry breaking. The three versions with P = 4 according to the new lepton electric charges are detailedly investigated. The mass spectrum of the scalar sector is diagonalized when the scale of the U(1)N breaking is much higher than that of the usual 3-4-1 symmetry breaking. All the interactions of gauge bosons with fermions and scalars are obtained. We figure out viable parameter regimes given that the multicomponent dark matter satisfies the Planck and (in)direct detection experiments.
Bottom-flavored mono-tau tails at the LHC
Authors: Marzocca David , Min Ui , Son Minho 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the effective field theory sensitivity of an LHC analysis for the τν final state with an associated b-jet. To illustrate the improvement due to the b-tagging, we first recast the recent CMS analysis in the τν channel, using an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1 at $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV, and provide limits on all the dimension-six effective operators which contribute to the process. The expected limits from the b-tagged analysis are then derived and compared. We find an improvement of approximately ∼ 30% in the bounds for operators with a b quark. We also discuss in detail possible angular observables to be used as a discriminator between dimension-six operators with different Lorentz structure. Finally, we study the impact of these limits on some simplified scenarios aimed at addressing the observed deviations from the Standard Model in lepton flavor universality ratios of semileptonic B-meson decays. In particular, we compare the collider limits on those scenarios set by our analysis either with or without the b-tagging, assuming an integrated luminosity of 300 fb−1, with relevant low-energy flavor measurements.
Dual description of η-deformed OSP sigma models
Authors: Alfimov Mikhail , Feigin Boris , Hoare Ben , Litvinov Alexey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the dual description of the η-deformed OSP(N|2m) sigma model in the asymptotically free regime (N > 2m + 2). Compared to the case of classical Lie groups, for supergroups there are inequivalent η-deformations corresponding to different choices of simple roots. For a class of such deformations we propose the system of screening charges depending on a continuous parameter b, which defines the η-deformed OSP(N|2m) sigma model in the limit b → ∞ and a certain Toda QFT as b → 0. In the sigma model regime we show that the leading UV asymptotic of the η-deformed model coincides with a perturbed Gaussian theory. In the perturbative regime b → 0 we show that the tree-level two-particle scattering matrix matches the expansion of the trigonometric OSP(N|2m) S-matrix.