bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria classroom corner: a school-based intervention to promote basic malaria awareness and common control practices among school-age children
Authors: Chukwuocha Uchechukwu M. , Iwuoha Greg N. , Ogara Chisom M. , Dozie Ikechukwu N.S. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis study assessed the effectiveness of malaria classroom corner (MCC), school-based intervention in the promotion of basic malaria awareness and common control practices among children of primary school age.Design/methodology/approachA quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 206 children of primary 5 and 6 classes from two randomly selected public primary schools in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. The MCC was designed and set up in the intervention school (with 103 children) while the control school (with 103 children) was offered malaria health talk. Structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention in both schools. Data was analysed using Statistical Package – Stata version 14.1 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA).FindingsResults show that there was a significant enhancement of basic malaria awareness (p = 0.0003) and common preventive and management practices (p = 0.0202) among children in the intervention primary school compared to those in the control primary school.Research limitations/implicationsThe study did not account for actual behaviour change, as its scope was within basic malaria awareness and common control practices.Practical implicationsThis approach could enhance awareness and proactiveness of school children towards malaria prevention and overall health consciousness.Social implicationsThis could help in achieving a healthy population of school children with a positive effect on their school performance.Originality/valueThe MCC could provide a simple, participatory and effective approach for the promotion of basic malaria awareness and common control practices among primary school-age children in malaria endemic areas. Such children could, in turn, become malaria conversation drivers and behaviour change agents in their homes and communities, thereby contributing to the malaria elimination efforts.
The role of project management in threatened species recovery
Authors: Willemsen Madelon , Pollack Julien , Algeo Chivonne 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThere are significant, ongoing threats of species extinction. Threatened species recovery programs are an important way of reducing this threat, but many recovery programs are unsuccessful. The purpose of this paper is to explore the issues facing species recovery programs, and the potential benefits to be found in managing threatened species recovery from a project management perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis research used the Grounded Theory Method to analyze the contents of four senate inquiries and 21 interviews with recovery experts. The Grounded Theory Method was then used to inductively develop concepts and theories that explain some of the issues faced in the delivery of recovery programs in Australia. These were explored from a project management perspective, to understand ways that project management could provide benefit to the recovery planning process.FindingsEight core challenges that have an impact on recovery emerged from the data. It was identified that there is a general lack of integration of project management into the recovery process. This was found to be particularly evident in terms of the recovery project lifecycle, risk management and stakeholder management. Strategies for addressing these issues are discussed.Originality/valueConservation scientists typically focus on technical recovery competencies. The authors argue that managing recovery from a project management perspective will increase recovery success rates through an increased focus on the contextual and behavioral competencies that are essential to the management and delivery of recovery projects and programs.
Informal repatriate knowledge transfer: a qualitative analysis of Malaysian corporate executives
Authors: Amir Sabrina , Okimoto Tyler G. , Moeller Miriam 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThis paper examines how informal knowledge transfer processes unfold during the repatriation of Malaysian executives. The goal is to develop a repatriate knowledge transfer process model, explaining the informal process through which repatriates make decisions about and transfer newly acquired knowledge.Design/methodology/approachGiven the unexplored nature of the informal knowledge transfer process the study investigates, this research adopts an exploratory qualitative research approach using interview data from 10 Malaysian corporate executives over a period of 14 months, covering prerepatriation and postrepatriation stages.FindingsThe findings indicate that from the repatriates' perspectives, the process flows during repatriates' knowledge transfer depend on the ability and motivation of repatriates, as well as their opportunity to communicate the newly acquired knowledge to their home country organization. We likewise learned that the repatriates' ability to overcome repatriate adjustment and knowledge transfer challenges is crucial in order for them to proactively initiate informal knowledge transfer.Practical implicationsThis research is significant as it will assist current and future expatriates to plan and prepare for repatriation and eventual knowledge transfer. The findings will also be useful to organizations that employ repatriates in preparing action plans for repatriation rather than solely focusing on expatriation.Originality/valueResearch and practice formally argue that expatriates are expected to transfer knowledge from the home country organization to the host country organization. While on assignment, expatriates become exposed to various types of new knowledge during the assignment, setting them up to disseminate this newly acquired knowledge to their home country organization upon repatriation – however, knowledge transfer upon repatriation is largely informal. This paper examines how this informal knowledge transfer process unfolds in the repatriation context over a period of 14 months by qualitatively tracing the experiences of 10 Malaysian corporate executives.
Combined serum carcinoembryonic antigen and cytokeratin 19 fragment levels provide a sensitive biomarker for lymph node metastasis in extramammary Paget’s disease
Authors: Kato Hiroshi , Nakamura Motoki , Watanabe Shoichi , Oda Takao , Morita Akimichi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMost cases of extramammary Paget’s disease are diagnosed at an early stage. For advanced cases, few effective treatments are available and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, developing sensitive biomarkers for metastatic cases is a critical challenge. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) are two potentially useful biomarkers. In the present retrospective large‐scale study, we identified other potential biomarkers of lymph node metastasis. Patients with extramammary Paget’s disease who visited our dermatology clinic between April 2004 and March 2019 (n = 138; mean age, 73.4 years; 85 men and 53 women) were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into three groups according to the presence of regional lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis to evaluate the relationship between metastasis and various tumor markers: serum CEA, carbohydrate antigen (CA)19‐9, CA125, CA15‐3 and CYFRA. For distal metastasis, each biomarker had high sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivities and specificities for regional lymph node metastasis were as follows: CEA, 50.0% and 88.6%; CA19‐9, 50% and 89.5%; CA125, 0% and 98.2%; CA15‐3, 0% and 96.0%; and CYFRA, 66.7% and 95.0%, respectively. We also analyzed biomarker combinations. The sensitivity and specificity of the combination of all five biomarkers (CEA, CA19‐9, CA125, CA15‐3 and CYFRA) were 83.3% and 70.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of the combination of just CEA and CYFRA was also 83.3%. Screening for combinations of these biomarkers will facilitate the detection of early lymph node metastasis in patients with extramammary Paget’s disease.
Plant community flood resilience in intensively managed grasslands and the role of the plant economic spectrum
Authors: Oram Natalie J. , De Deyn Gerlinde B. , Bodelier Paul L. E. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , van Groenigen Jan Willem , Abalos Diego 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, such as floods, requires management strategies that promote resilience of grassland productivity. Mixtures of plant species may better resist and recover from flooding than monocultures, as they could combine species with stress‐coping and resource acquisition traits. This has not yet been tested in intensively managed grasslands despite its relevance for enhancing agroecosystem resilience.

Using intact soil cores from an 18‐month‐old field experiment, we tested how 11 plant communities (Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis and Trifolium repens in monoculture, two‐ and four‐species mixtures) resist and recover from repeated flooding in a 4‐month greenhouse experiment.

We found that plant community composition, not whether the community was a mixture or monoculture, influenced the community's resistance to flooding, although most communities were able to resist and recover from both floods.

The plant community's position on the leaf economic spectrum in flooded conditions was related to its resistance to and recovery from flooding. Resistance to and recovery from a severe flood were related to flood‐induced intraspecific trait variation, causing a shift in the community's position on the leaf resource economic spectrum. In flooded conditions, resource‐conservative communities (characterized by low specific leaf area, low leaf nitrogen content and high leaf dry matter content) better resisted and recovered from flooding. The community's position on the root resource economic spectrum was less connected to the community's resistance and recovery.

Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that in flooded conditions, resource‐conservative plant communities are more resilient to flooding than resource‐acquisitive communities in an intensively managed grassland. This suggests that plant community position on the leaf economic spectrum, as well as species’ flood‐induced intraspecific variation, should be considered when designing grasslands to withstand increasing flood frequency and severity.
Estimates of beta cell function adjusted by anthropometric markers in patients with T2DM
Authors: Zhang Mingchen , Su Yinxia , Quan Li , Jiang Sheng , Yao Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe sought to determine whether adjusting the indices used to assess beta cell function by anthropometric markers of obesity improves their clinical value in a diabetic population. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 3732 diabetic patients who underwent a 100 g carbohydrate meal test. Insulin secretion was estimated using HOMA‐B of steady state as well as △C0‐30/△G0‐30, △AUCc30‐120/△AUCG30‐120 and CPIn for dynamic state. Body weight index, waist circumference, waist‐hip ratio and body surface area were recorded. The final analysis included 2873 T2DM patients. Correlation analyses showed that there was a poor correlation between diabetic duration and CPI30 (r = −.040, P < .05), and there were no remarkable changes in the correlation coefficient after CPI30 was divided by BMI, WC, WHR, or body surface area, respectively. The same was found for the correlation between HbA1c and CPI120 with these measures. The main determinants of diabetic duration were age (β = 0.388, P < .001), log HOMA‐IR (β = −0.328, P < .001), CPI30 (β = −0.045, P = .011). There were no remarkable changes in β weights between diabetic duration and CPI30 when it was corrected with anthropometric markers in the multiple stepwise linear regression analyses. The same was found between HbA1c and CPI120. CPI30 and CPI120 are more practical indexes. Correcting the indices used to estimate the beta cell function by anthropometric markers of obesity may not improve their correlations with diabetic duration or HbA1c in a diabetic population.
Kogan v Martin: A New Framework for Joint Authorship in Copyright Law
Authors: Simone Daniela 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Court of Appeal has set out a new framework for the application of copyright law's joint authorship test in a recent landmark case. Kogan v Martin brings some welcome clarity to the complex joint authorship landscape, embedding an inclusive pro‐collaboration default standard. This case note contrasts the appeal court's nuanced framing of the dispute with the first instance court's narrower approach. The note then examines the new joint authorship framework and explains how it allows the test to be applied with an eye to the reality of collaborative creative endeavours. Finally, the significance of Kogan v Martin is highlighted, as are some questions which remain unanswered.
Metachronous primary lung adenocarcinomas harboring distinct KRAS mutations
Authors: Hu Yan , Ren Siying , Chen Chen , Liang Qingchun , Yu Fenglei , Liu Wenliang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo distinguish whether multiple lung nodules represent multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) or intrapulmonary metastases (IPM) is crucial for staging and subsequent therapy. We herein present the first report of a patient with two simultaneously resected metachronous lung adenocarcinomas in the right upper lobe, each with a distinct driver mutation in the KRAS gene identified by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The nodules appeared chronologically metachronous, with a 3.7 year interval. Histopathology showed two histologically identical adenocarcinomas, without lymph node metastases. It was hard to decide whether they should be classified as either MPLC or IPM based only on the clinicopathological criteria. Sequencing further revealed distinct KRAS mutation in each tumor, with one tumor harboring the KRAS‐G12C mutation, and the other tumor harboring the KRAS‐Q61H mutation. Incorporation of the molecular data cleared the confusion with regard to staging and spared this patient from adjuvant therapy. This case highlights that molecular profiling allows for better differentiation between MPLC and IPM than histopathology alone.Key points
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple primary lung cancers harboring distinct KRAS mutations.
The case highlights the importance of incorporating molecular profiling using NGS along with the clinicopathological criteria in classifying multiple lung tumors.
Mooring scientific instruments on the seabed—Design, deployment protocol and performance of a recoverable frame for acoustic receivers
Authors: Goossens Jolien , T'Jampens Michiel , Deneudt Klaas , Reubens Jan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Acoustic telemetry is increasingly used to observe and monitor animal movements in aquatic environments. Practical deployment mechanisms are needed to sustain consistent data flows in challenging environments.

A tripod frame was developed to facilitate the deployment of acoustic receivers on the seabed, allowing for the recovery of all equipment with an acoustic release system.

The procedures of deployment and recovery proved to be practical and efficient during a field trial in the North Sea. Compared to a common cabled design, the tripod frame realized a significantly higher detection probability and performed consistently better at greater distance and louder ambient noise.

In the context of ocean observation in challenging environments, the tripod frame is a useful tool for temporary and continuous monitoring of tagged fish presence, potentially fitted with additional instruments.
Habitat fragmentation affects movement and space use of a specialist folivore, the koala
Authors: Rus A. I. , McArthur C. , Mella V. S. A. , Crowther M. S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHabitat fragmentation changes landscape patterns and can disrupt many important ecological processes. Movement allows individuals to find resource patches to maintain their fitness and habitat fragmentation can disrupt this process. We explored the ecological impact of habitat fragmentation on movement and space use of a specialist folivore, the koala Phascolarctos cinereus. We GPS tracked koala movements within a fragmented agricultural landscape. We calculated the total distance moved across four months and the number of core patches by each koala. We used four metrics (proximity, functional connectivity, clumpiness, perimeter‐to‐area fractal dimension) to quantify landscape fragmentation within koala home ranges and determine its effects on movement and space use. Functional connectivity had the greatest effect on individual movement and space use. Decreasing connectivity led to longer and more direct movements by koalas and more core patches within an individual home range. Our study provides insight into the effects of habitat fragmentation on animal movement and space use, which can be used by wildlife managers to plan and manage landscapes more effectively. We conclude that restoring or protecting resource patches to promote greater functional connectivity will reduce the costs associated with the isolation of resource patches for species occupying fragmented landscapes. By providing a quantitative relationship between habitat connectivity and movement and space use costs, our results enable managers to set restoration targets, by identifying the most effective way to provide the functional connectivity minimizing the negative impact on focal species.
Human disturbance and prey occupancy as predictors of carnivore richness and biomass in a Himalayan hotspot
Authors: Li X. Y. , Bleisch W. V. , Liu X. W. , Hu W. Q. , Jiang X. L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarnivores are of high ecological importance and often serve as flagship species for conservation. Yet, the direct and indirect effects of trophic interactions and human disturbance on carnivore communities and the occurrence of their prey in temperate forests remain poorly understood. Here we evaluate the direct and indirect effects of net primary productivity, prey (Muntjac spp) occupancy and human disturbance in shaping carnivore richness and biomass based on camera‐trap data and path analysis. Path analysis indicated that muntjac occupancy and proximity of human settlements were the main factors structuring carnivore communities. Carnivore biomass was directly affected by muntjac occupancy, while carnivore richness increased with distance from the nearest residential site. Muntjac occupancy per se directly depended on net primary productivity. We also identified several indirect effects on carnivore biomass. Increasing distance to the nearest residential site had a positive indirect effect on carnivore biomass that was mediated by increasing carnivore richness. Net primary productivity was positively associated with carnivore biomass indirectly via increasing muntjac occupancy. There were no significant correlations between the occurrence probability of livestock and muntjac. Our results point to the importance of incorporating prey occurrence and human disturbance in modelling biodiversity patterns of carnivore communities. Carnivore conservation management practices should include efforts to stop hunting and to restrict human presence in the core zones of protected areas.
Altered intrinsic connectivity distribution in internet gaming disorder and its associations with psychotherapy treatment outcomes
Authors: Liu Lu , Potenza Marc N. , Lacadie Cheryl M. , Zhang Jin‐Tao , Yip Sarah W. , Xia Cui‐Cui , Lan Jing , Yao Yuan‐Wei , Deng Lin‐Yuan , Park Soyoung Q. , Fang Xiao‐Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlterations in brain connectivity have been implicated in internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, little is known about alterations in whole‐brain connectivity and their associations with long‐term treatment outcomes. Here, we used a relatively new analytic approach, intrinsic connectivity distribution (ICD) analysis, to examine brain connectivity in 74 IGD participants and 41 matched healthy controls (HCs) and conducted post hoc seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses based on the ICD findings. We also examined how these findings related to outcomes involving a craving behavioral intervention (CBI) for IGD. IGD participants showed less whole‐brain connectivity in the left angular gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) compared with HC participants. Seed‐based rsFC analyses revealed that the left angular gyrus in the IGD group showed less connectivity with areas involved in the default‐mode network and greater connectivity with areas in the salience and executive control networks. CBI was associated with improved connectivity within regions in the default‐mode network and regions across the default‐mode and salience networks. ICD‐identified connectivity differences in the left angular gyrus and vmPFC were related to changes in craving and severity of addiction 6 months after the intervention. The findings suggest that IGD is associated with alterations in brain connectivity that may be sensitive to interventions. Thus, the findings have implications for understanding mechanisms underlying CBI effects and for further treatment development.
Tracheal tube size in adults undergoing elective surgery – a narrative review
Authors: Karmali S. , Rose P. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTracheal tubes are routinely used in adults undergoing elective surgery. The size of the tracheal tube, defined by its internal diameter, is often generically selected according to sex, with 7–7.5 mm and 8–8.5 mm tubes recommended in women and men, respectively. Tracheal diameter in adults is highly variable, being narrowest at the subglottis, and is affected by height and sex. The outer diameter of routinely used tracheal tubes may exceed these dimensions, traumatise the airway and increase the risk of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. These complications disproportionately affect women and may be mitigated by using smaller tracheal tubes (6–6.5 mm). Patient safety concerns about using small tracheal tubes are based on critical care populations undergoing prolonged periods of tracheal intubation and not patients undergoing elective surgery. The internal diameter of the tube corresponds to its clinical utility. Tracheal tubes as small as 6.0 mm will accommodate routinely used intubation aids, suction devices and slim‐line fibreoptic bronchoscopes. Positive pressure ventilation may be performed without increasing the risk of ventilator‐induced lung injury or air trapping, even when high minute volumes are required. There is also no demonstrable increased risk of aspiration or cuff pressure damage when using smaller tracheal tubes. Small tracheal tubes may not be safe in all patients, such as those with high secretion loads and airflow limitation. A balanced view of risks and benefits should be taken appropriate to the clinical context, to select the smallest tracheal tube that permits safe peri‐operative management.