bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Reduces Movement‐Evoked Pain and Fatigue: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Dailey Dana L. , Vance Carol G. T. , Rakel Barbara A. , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Embree Jennie , Merriwether Ericka N. , Geasland Katharine M. , Chimenti Ruth , Williams Jon M. , Golchha Meenakshi , Crofford Leslie J. , Sluka Kathleen A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveFibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by pain and fatigue, particularly during physical activity. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) activates endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms. This study was undertaken to investigate if using TENS during activity would improve movement‐evoked pain and other patient‐reported outcomes in women with FM.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to receive active TENS (n = 103), placebo TENS (n = 99), or no TENS (n = 99) and instructed to use it at home during activity 2 hours each day for 4 weeks. TENS was applied to the lumbar and cervicothoracic regions using a modulated frequency (2–125 Hz) at the highest tolerable intensity. Participants rated movement‐evoked pain (primary outcome measure) and fatigue on an 11‐point scale before and during application of TENS. The primary outcome measure and secondary patient‐reported outcomes were assessed at baseline (time of randomization) and at 4 weeks.ResultsAfter 4 weeks, a greater reduction in movement‐evoked pain was reported in the active TENS group versus the placebo TENS group (group mean difference –1.0 [95% confidence interval –1.8, –0.2]; P = 0.008) and versus the no TENS group (group mean difference –1.8 [95% confidence interval –2.6, –1.0]; P < 0.0001). A reduction in movement‐evoked fatigue was also reported in the active TENS group versus the placebo TENS group (group mean difference –1.4 [95% confidence interval –2.4, –0.4]; P = 0.001) and versus the no TENS group (group mean difference –1.9 [95% confidence interval –2.9, –0.9]; P = <0.0001). A greater percentage of the patients in the active TENS group reported improvement on the global impression of change compared to the placebo TENS group (70% versus 31%; P < 0.0001) and the no TENS group (9%; P < 0.0001). There were no TENS‐related serious adverse events, and <5% of participants experienced minor adverse events from TENS.ConclusionAmong women who had FM and were on a stable medication regimen, 4 weeks of active TENS use compared to placebo TENS or no TENS resulted in a significant improvement in movement‐evoked pain and other clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to examine effectiveness in a real‐world setting to establish the clinical importance of these findings.
Transmission of macroeconomic shocks to risk parameters: Their uses in stress testing
Authors: Rojas Helder , Dias David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we are interested in evaluating the resilience of financial portfolios under extreme economic conditions. Therefore, we use empirical measures to characterize the transmission process of macroeconomic shocks to risk parameters. We propose the use of an extensive family of models, called General Transfer Function Models, which condense well the characteristics of the transmission described by the impact measures. The procedure for estimating the parameters of these models is described employing the Bayesian approach and using the prior information provided by the impact measures. In addition, we illustrate the use of the estimated models from the credit risk data of a portfolio.
MicroRNA‐144 relieves chronic constriction injury‐induced neuropathic pain via targeting RASA1
Authors: Zhang Xianjie , Guo Hongli , Xie An , Liao Ou , Ju Feng , Zhou YuKai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to participate in development of neuropathic pain. However, the role of microRNA‐144 (miR‐144) in neuropathic pain remains unclear. In the present study, we established a neuropathic pain mouse model via chronic constriction injury (CCI)‐induction. The successful establishment of this model was confirmed via evaluation of paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). By using this model, we found that miR‐144 was significantly downregulated in CCI‐induced neuropathic pain mice. In addition, intrathecal injection of miR‐144 agomiR alleviated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain mice as shown by the increased of PWT and PWL. Moreover, miR‐144 negatively regulated neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α), IL (interleukin)‐1β, and IL‐6, thus facilitating the inhibition of neuropathic pain development. Mechanistically, RASA1 (RAS P21 Protein Activator 1) was downregulated following the injection of agomiR‐144, and was verified to be a target of miR‐144. Furthermore, overexpression of RASA1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‐144 on neuropathic pain. Therefore, the present study suggested that miR‐144 has the potential to be explored as therapeutic target for treatment of neuropathic pain.
An approach to model clustered survival data with dependent censoring
Authors: Schneider Silvana , Demarqui Fábio Nogueira , Colosimo Enrico Antônio , Mayrink Vinícius Diniz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study we introduce a likelihood‐based method, via the Weibull and piecewise exponential distributions, capable of accommodating the dependence between failure and censoring times. The methodology is developed for the analysis of clustered survival data and it assumes that failure and censoring times are mutually independent conditional on a latent frailty. The dependent censoring mechanism is accounted through the frailty effect and this is accomplished by means of a key parameter accommodating the correlation between failure and censored observations. The full specification of the likelihood in our work simplifies the inference procedures with respect to Huang and Wolfe since it reduces the computation burden of working with the profile likelihood. In addition, the assumptions made for the baseline distributions lead to models with continuous survival functions. In order to carry out inferences, we devise a Monte Carlo EM algorithm. The performance of the proposed models is investigated through a simulation study. Finally, we explore a real application involving patients from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study observed between 1996 and 2015.
A dynamic culture platform enhances the efficiency of the 3D HUVEC‐based tube formation assay
Authors: Lovecchio Joseph , Pannella Micaela , Giardino Luciana , Calzà Laura , Giordano Emanuele 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCell‐based in vitro biological models traditionally use monolayer cell cultures grown over plastic surfaces bathing in static media. Higher fidelity to a natural biological tissue is expected to result from growing the cells in a three‐dimensional (3D) matrix. However, due to the decreased rate of diffusion inherent to increased distances within a tridimensional space, proper fluidic conditions are needed in this setting to better approximate a physiological environment. To this aim, we here propose a prototypal dynamic cell culture platform for the automatic medium replacement, via periodic perfusion flow, in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) culture seeded in a Geltrex™ matrix. A state‐of‐the‐art angiogenesis assay performed in these dynamic conditions showed sizable effects with respect to conventional static control cultures, with significantly enhanced pro‐(dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT]) and anti‐(EDTA) angiogenic compound activity. In particular, dynamic culture conditions (a) enhance the 3D‐organization of HUVECs into microtubule structure; (b) accelerate and improve endothelial tube formation by HUVECs in the presence of DAPT; (c) are able to completely revert the blocking effects of EDTA. These evidence emphasize the need of setting proper fluidic conditions for a better approximation of a physiological environment as an appropriate evolution of current cell culture paradigms.
Epidemiology of paediatric injuries in Rwanda using a prospective trauma registry
Authors: Petroze R. T. , Martin A. N. , Ntaganda E. , Kyamanywa P. , St-Louis E. , Rasmussen S. K. , Calland J. F. , Byiringiro J. C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Child survival initiatives historically prioritized efforts to reduce child morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases and maternal conditions. Little attention has been devoted to paediatric injuries in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to evaluate the demographics and outcomes of paediatric injury in a sub-Saharan African country in an effort to improve prevention and treatment.

Methods
A prospective trauma registry was established at the two university teaching campuses of the University of Rwanda to record systematically patient demographics, prehospital care, initial physiology and patient outcomes from May 2011 to July 2015. Univariable analysis was performed for demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, geographical location and outcomes. Multivariable analysis was performed for mortality estimates.

Results
Of 11 036 patients in the registry, 3010 (27·3 per cent) were under 18 years of age. Paediatric patients were predominantly boys (69·9 per cent) and the median age was 8 years. The mortality rate was 4·8 per cent. Falls were the most common injury (45·3 per cent), followed by road traffic accidents (30·9 per cent), burns (10·7 per cent) and blunt force/assault (7·5 per cent). Patients treated in the capital city, Kigali, had a higher incidence of head injury (7·6 per cent versus 2·0 per cent in a rural town, P &lt; 0·001; odds ratio (OR) 4·08, 95 per cent c.i. 2·61 to 6·38) and a higher overall injury-related mortality rate (adjusted OR 3·00, 1·50 to 6·01; P = 0·019). Pedestrians had higher overall injury-related mortality compared with other road users (adjusted OR 3·26, 1·37 to 7·73; P = 0·007).

Conclusion
Paediatric injury is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Delineating trauma demographics is important when planning resource utilization and capacity-building efforts to address paediatric injury in low-resource settings and identify vulnerable populations.
The clipping enigma
Authors: Lisko John C. , Block Peter C. 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
There appears to be lower mortality in patients treated with MitraClip + OMT compared to OMT alone.
There appears to be a lower rate of hospitalization in patients treated with MitraClip + OMT compared to OMT alone.
There are only two randomized controlled trials (with discordant results) evaluating MitraClip + OMT compared to OMT alone.
A novel self‐expanding transcatheter heart valve: Shaping the story beyond accuracy
Authors: Seth Ashok , Kumar Vijay 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
As transcatheter aortic valve implantation expands to low risk patients, the key to prolonged survival would be large effective orifice area with extremely low rates of paravalvular leak and permanent pacemaker implantation.
New transcatheter valve technologies look promising to enable this, ACURATE neo is one such device.
The results of ongoing trials with ACURATE neo and ACURATE neo2 are keenly awaited.
Clopidogrel pretreatment may reduce early acquired thrombocytopenia after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
Authors: Ashley Kellan E. , Hillegass William B. 
Published: November 2019

Key Points
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) causes early acquired thrombocytopenia on postoperative Days 1 and 2 in 30–50% of patients.
While usually transient and rarely severe, early acquired thrombocytopenia is strongly associated with 30‐day and 1‐year post‐TAVR outcomes, including mortality.
Observation from a prospective registry suggests pretreatment with the P2Y12 receptor inhibitor clopidogrel before TAVR reduces the frequency and magnitude of early acquired thrombocytopenia.
If a protective effect of clopidogrel pretreatment on early thrombocytopenia can be confirmed, then further study to determine if this translates into improved TAVR outcomes is warranted.
Stannites – A New Promising Class of Durable Electrocatalysts for Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Hausmann J. Niklas , Heppke Eva M. , Beltrán‐Suito Rodrigo , Schmidt Johannes , Mühlbauer Martin , Lerch Martin , Menezes Prashanth W. , Driess Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through water oxidation is a key process for multiple energy storage technologies required for a sustainable energy economy such as the formation of the fuel hydrogen from water and electricity, or metal‐air batteries. Herein, we investigate the suitability of Cu2FeSnS4 for the OER and demonstrate its superiority over iron sulfide, iron (oxy)hydroxides and benchmark noble‐metal catalysts in alkaline media. Electrodeposited Cu2FeSnS4 yields the current densities of 10 and 1000 mA/cm2 at overpotentials of merely 228 and 330 mV, respectively. State‐of‐the‐art analytical methods are applied before and after electrocatalysis to uncover the fate of the Cu2FeSnS4 precatalyst under OER conditions and to deduce structure‐activity relationships. Cu2FeSnS4 is the first compound reported for OER among the broad class of stannite structure type materials containing multiple members with highly active earth‐abundant transition‐metals for OER.
Kinetic and Deactivation Differences Among Methanol, Dimethyl Ether and Chloromethane as Stock for Hydrocarbons
Authors: Valecillos José , Manzano Hegoi , Aguayo Andrés T. , Bilbao Javier , Castaño Pedro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 22/2019 is provided by researchers from the Catalytic Processes and Waste Valorization Group of the University of the Basque Country (Spain) and Multiscale Reaction Engineering of the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (Saudi Arabia). The image shows a Cerberus lying down on the floor of a Gothic tower with each of its three heads watching out the scenario of each feedstock through the windows. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201901204.
Zinc Sulfide Decorated on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Derived from Metal‐Organic Framework Composites for Highly Reversible Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Ding Hui , Huang Hsin‐Chih , Zhang Xin‐Ke , Xie Lei , Fan Jia‐Qi , Jiang Tao , Shi Dean , Ma Ning , Tsai Fang‐Chang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOn account of its low cost, non‐toxicity and high theoretical capacity, ZnS has been considered as one of the most potential anode materials for the following generation lithium‐ion batteries. However, the shortcomings that ZnS shows, such as low conductivity and large volume changes, make its wide application difficult. Herein, we combined ZnS with metal‐organic framework material (ZIF‐8) to form a carbon layer on the surface of nitrogen‐doped zinc sulfide, and obtained a new material ZnS@NC with a specific surface area of 191 m2 g−1. The results show that the reversible specific capacity of the composite is 853 mAh g−1 when the current is 500 mAg−1, which is caused by the increase of specific capacity with nitrogen doping and the effective adjustment of the volume of the carbon layer coated on the periphery of the ZnS particles during charging and discharging process. Promisingly, the performance of ZnS@NC composite is far superior to that of the bare ZnS.
Symmetric Mixed Sulfur–Selenium Fused Ring Systems as Potential Materials for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Holzer Brigitte , Dellago Barbara , Thamm Ann‐Katrin , Mathis Thomas , Stöger Berthold , Horkel Ernst , Hametner Christian , Batlogg Bertram , Fröhlich Johannes , Lumpi Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA reliable synthetic protocol toward a series of fused chalcogenopheno[1]benzochalcogenophene (CBC) building blocks was developed based on a Fiesselmann reaction. The obtained CBC units were applied in McMurry and Stille coupling reactions toward symmetric regioisomeric ene‐linked dimers. These π‐conjugated compounds were characterized regarding their photophysical and electrochemical properties and proved to be materials with reduced HOMO–LUMO gaps compared to their sulfur‐based analogues. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments revealed strong intermolecular selenium–selenium and selenium–carbon interactions depending on the position and number of incorporated selenium atoms. Good field‐effect transistor performance with charge carrier mobilities up to 4×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and high on/off ratios could be observed.
Programmed Recognition between Complementary Dinucleolipids To Control the Self‐Assembly of Lipidic Amphiphiles
Authors: Morales‐Reina Sara , Giri Chandan , Leclercq Maxime , Vela‐Gallego Sonia , de la Torre Isabel , Castón José R. , Surin Mathieu , de la Escosura Andrés 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOne of the major goals in systems chemistry is to create molecular assemblies with emergent properties that are characteristic of life. An interesting approach toward this goal is based on merging different biological building blocks into synthetic systems with properties arising from the combination of their molecular components. The covalent linkage of nucleic acids (or their constituents: nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases) with lipids in the same hybrid molecule leads, for example, to the so‐called nucleolipids. Herein, we describe nucleolipids with a very short sequence of two nucleobases per lipid, which, in combination with hydrophobic effects promoted by the lipophilic chain, allow control of the self‐assembly of lipidic amphiphiles to be achieved. The present work describes a spectroscopic and microscopy study of the structural features and dynamic self‐assembly of dinucleolipids that contain adenine or thymine moieties, either pure or in mixtures. This approach leads to different self‐assembled nanostructures, which include spherical, rectangular and fibrillar assemblies, as a function of the sequence of nucleobases and chiral effects of the nucleolipids involved. We also show evidence that the resulting architectures can encapsulate hydrophobic molecules, revealing their potential as drug delivery vehicles or as compartments to host interesting chemistries in their interior.
Manipulating Charge‐Transfer States in BODIPYs: A Model Strategy to Rapidly Develop Photodynamic Theragnostic Agents
Authors: Jiménez Josué , Prieto‐Montero Ruth , Maroto Beatriz L. , Moreno Florencio , Ortiz María J. , Oliden‐Sánchez Ainhoa , López‐Arbeloa Iñigo , Martínez‐Martínez Virginia , de la Moya Santiago 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOn the basis of a family of BINOL (1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol)‐based O‐BODIPY (dioxyboron dipyrromethene) dyes, it is demonstrated that chemical manipulation of the chromophoric push–pull character, by playing with the electron‐donating capability of the BINOL moiety (BINOL versus 3,3'‐dibromoBINOL) and with the electron‐acceptor ability of the BODIPY core (alkyl substitution degree), is a workable strategy to finely balance fluorescence (singlet‐state emitting action) versus the capability to photogenerate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (triplet‐state photosensitizing action). It is also shown that the promotion of a suitable charge‐transfer character in the involved chromophore upon excitation enhances the probability of an intersystem crossing phenomenon, which is required to populate the triple state enabling singlet oxygen production. The reported strategy opens up new perspectives for rapid development of smarter agents for photodynamic theragnosis, including heavy‐atom‐free agents, from a selected organic fluorophore precursor.
Visible‐Light Photoswitching by Azobenzazoles
Authors: Kennedy Aaron D. W. , Sandler Isolde , Andréasson Joakim , Ho Junming , Beves Jonathon E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree visible‐light responsive photoswitches are reported, azobis(1‐methyl‐benzimidazole) (1), azobis(benzoxazole) (2) and azobis(benzothiazole) (3). Photostationary distributions are obtained upon irradiation with visible light comprising approximately 80 % of the thermally unstable isomer, with thermal half‐lives up to 8 min and are mostly invariant to solvent. On protonation, compound 1H+ has absorption extending beyond 600 nm, allowing switching with yellow light, and a thermal half‐life just under 5 minutes. The two isomers have significantly different pKa values, offering potential as a pH switch. The absorption spectra of 2 and 3 are insensitive to acid, although changes in the thermal half‐life of 3 indicate more basic intermediates that significantly influence the thermal barrier to isomerization. These findings are supported by high‐level ab initio calculations, which validate that protonation occurs on the ring nitrogen and that the Z isomer is more basic in all cases.
Simultaneous Production of Psilocybin and a Cocktail of β‐Carboline Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in “Magic” Mushrooms
Authors: Blei Felix , Dörner Sebastian , Fricke Janis , Baldeweg Florian , Trottmann Felix , Komor Anna , Meyer Florian , Hertweck Christian , Hoffmeister Dirk 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe psychotropic effects of Psilocybe “magic” mushrooms are caused by the l‐tryptophan‐derived alkaloid psilocybin. Despite their significance, the secondary metabolome of these fungi is poorly understood in general. Our analysis of four Psilocybe species identified harmane, harmine, and a range of other l‐tryptophan‐derived β‐carbolines as their natural products, which was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Stable‐isotope labeling with 13C11‐l‐tryptophan verified the β‐carbolines as biosynthetic products of these fungi. In addition, MALDI‐MS imaging showed that β‐carbolines accumulate toward the hyphal apices. As potent inhibitors of monoamine oxidases, β‐carbolines are neuroactive compounds and interfere with psilocybin degradation. Therefore, our findings represent an unprecedented scenario of natural product pathways that diverge from the same building block and produce dissimilar compounds, yet contribute directly or indirectly to the same pharmacological effects.
Carbonyl Activation by Selenium‐ and Tellurium‐Based Chalcogen Bonding in a Michael Addition Reaction
Authors: Wonner Patrick , Steinke Tim , Vogel Lukas , Huber Stefan M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn the last years the use of chalcogen bonding—the noncovalent interaction involving electrophilic chalcogen centers—in noncovalent organocatalysis has received increased interest, particularly regarding the use of intermolecular Lewis acids. Herein, we present the first use of tellurium‐based catalysts for the activation of a carbonyl compound (and only the second such activation by chalcogen bonding in general). As benchmark reaction, the Michael‐type addition between trans‐crotonophenone and 1‐methylindole (and its derivatives) was investigated in the presence of various catalyst candidates. Whereas non‐chalcogen‐bonding reference compounds were inactive, strong rate accelerations of up to 1000 could be achieved by bidentate triazolium‐based chalcogen bond donors, with product yields of >90 % within 2 h of reaction time. Organotellurium derivatives were markedly more active than their selenium and sulphur analogues and non‐coordinating counterions like BArF4 provide the strongest dicationic catalysts.
Interaction of Regulatory Aspects for Carbon Capture and Utilization Applications
Authors: Ausfelder Florian , Dura Hanna Ewa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies can lead to a net reduction of CO2 emissions but also to a transfer from emissions between different regulatory areas. This paper presents a tool to evaluate the impact of CCU technology within the European regulatory framework with respect to the accounting of carbon transferred between the CO2 source and its subsequent application. Additional emissions caused by energy requirements of the capture or any conversion steps are not considered. The tool is applied to a variety of possible combinations and their respective impact evaluated.