bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of sleep habits and medication outcomes for sleep disturbance in children and adults with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Pereira Joseph A. , Ravichandran Caitlin T. , Mullett Jennifer , McDougle Christopher J. , Keary Christopher J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to characterize the sleep habits of 50 clinically referred individuals with Angelman syndrome (AS) and to retrospectively compare the effectiveness/tolerability of the three most commonly prescribed sleep medications in the sample. An experienced physician assigned a Clinical Global Impressions‐Severity scale (CGI‐S) score for each subject's AS‐specific symptoms. Caregivers completed the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ; screen for sleep problems in school‐aged [4–10 years] children), a screening assessment for sleep problems. Caregivers provided information about medication trials targeting disturbed sleep, with the physician assigning a CGI‐Improvement scale (CGI‐I) score for each trial. Linear regression showed significant negative association between age and CSHQ score. In their lifetime, 72% of participants had taken a medication for sleep, most commonly melatonin, clonidine and trazodone. The majority continued these for 6 months or longer. With these medications, many demonstrated significant improvement in sleep disturbances, with no difference in odds of improvement between medications. Disturbed sleep was common in this cohort and significantly worse in younger‐aged participants. The majority received at least one medication trial for disturbed sleep and each of the most commonly prescribed medication was effective for a substantial percentage of participants. Most participants remained on medication for at least 6 months, suggesting favorable tolerability.
The epidemiology of sex chromosome abnormalities
Authors: Berglund Agnethe , Stochholm Kirstine , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) are characterized by gain or loss of entire sex chromosomes or parts of sex chromosomes with the best‐known syndromes being Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, 47,XXX syndrome, and 47,XYY syndrome. Since these syndromes were first described more than 60 years ago, several papers have reported on diseases and health related problems, neurocognitive deficits, and social challenges among affected persons. However, the generally increased comorbidity burden with specific comorbidity patterns within and across syndromes as well as early death of affected persons was not recognized until the last couple of decades, where population‐based epidemiological studies were undertaken. Moreover, these epidemiological studies provided knowledge of an association between SCAs and a negatively reduced socioeconomic status in terms of education, income, retirement, cohabitation with a partner and parenthood. This review is on the aspects of epidemiology in Turner, Klinefelter, 47,XXX and 47,XYY syndrome.
Habitat use by a primate community in a lowland dipterocarp forest in Danum Valley, Borneo
Authors: Hanya Goro , Kanamori Tomoko , Kuze Noko , Wong Siew Te , Bernard Henry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge of niche partitioning with respect to habitat is indispensable to understand the mechanism of coexistence of multiple species. Among primates, however, data are still deficient because repeated survey for a sufficiently long time, covering seasonal changes over a large area, is the only way to clarify habitat segregation within a seasonally fluctuating environment. Southeast Asia is particularly interesting because of the supra‐annual, highly unpredictable seasonality in fruiting known as mast fruiting. We conducted repeated route census, habitat monitoring, and group tracking for 25 months in two study sites (ca. 10 km apart) in the largely primary lowland dipterocarp forest of the Danum Valley Conservation Area, eastern Sabah, northern Borneo, Malaysia. The five species of diurnal primates (Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus, Müeller's gibbon Hylobates muelleri, red leaf monkey Presbytis rubicunda, long‐tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis, and southern pig‐tailed macaque M. nemestrina) did not show horizontal spatial segregation. Red leaf monkeys showed preferences for places with short tree height, but their distribution was not confined to such places. In response to the fruiting peak observed once during the study period, orangutans increased their numbers simultaneously in the two study sites. The average tree height used by the five species was different, but their range overlapped substantially. Compared with other primate communities, the lack of horizontal spatial segregation and the suggested long‐distance movement of orangutans seem to be unique characteristics in Borneo, although the use of different forest strata is a widespread phenomenon among primate communities throughout the world.
Staphylococcus aureusbiofilm exoproteins are cytotoxic to human nasal epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Panchatcharam Beula Subashini , Cooksley Clare M. , Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Vediappan Rajan Sundaresan , Bassiouni Ahmed , Wormald Peter J. , Psaltis Alkis J. , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis patients (CRS) suffer from chronic inflammation of the sinus mucosa associated with chronic relapsing infections. Mucosal biofilms, associated withStaphylococcus aureus, have been implicated as a cause. We compared the effect of exoproteins secreted from clinical isolates ofS aureusfrom CRS patients in planktonic and biofilm form on the nasal epithelial barrier.MethodsClinicalS aureusisolates from 39 CRS patients were grown in planktonic and biofilm forms and their exoproteins concentrated. These were applied to primary human nasal epithelial cells grown at the air‐liquid interface. Transepithelial electrical resistance, permeability of flourescein isothiocyanate‐dextrans, and cytotoxicity were measured. Structure and expression of tight junctions zona occludens‐1, and claudin‐1 proteins were assessed by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analyses.ResultsS aureusbiofilm exoproteins showed dose‐ and time‐dependent reduction of transepithelial electrical resistance, increased cell toxicity, and increased permeability (p< 0.001) compared with equal concentrations of planktonic cultures. Discontinuity in zona occludens‐1 and claudin‐1 immunofluorescence was confirmed as disrupted tight junctions on electron microscopy.ConclusionS aureusbiofilm exoproteins disrupt the mucosal barrier structure in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner and are toxic. Damage to the mucosal barrier byS aureusbiofilm exoproteins may play a major role in CRS etiopathogenesis.
Management of odontogenic sinusitis: multidisciplinary consensus statement
Authors: Craig John R. , Tataryn Roderick W. , Aghaloo Tara L. , Pokorny Alan T. , Gray Stacey T. , Mattos Jose L. , Poetker David M. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundOdontogenic sinusitis (ODS) can present a therapeutic dilemma because multiple treatment strategies have been reported. ODS review articles have been published, but they have lacked multidisciplinary collaboration and an evidence‐based methodology. The purpose of this article was to perform an evidence‐based review of ODS management options, and develop a multidisciplinary consensus statement on ODS management options.MethodsAn evidence‐based review of dental and medical literature on ODS management was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Review Databases up to December 2019. Exclusion criteria included non‐English‐language articles, case series with fewer than 10 patients, fungal sinusitis, and studies that did not report treatment success rates. Because aggregate levels of evidence for recommendations were no higher than level C, a clinical consensus statement was conducted using a modified Delphi method.ResultsSixteen articles met inclusion criteria for the evidence‐based review on the following ODS management options: dental treatment alone or combined with ESS for various dental pathologies, and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) alone for dental implant‐related ODS. Strong consensus was achieved for 9 of the 10 clinical statements, the strongest being the use of shared decision‐making for selecting management strategies. No consensus was reached for determining the extent of ESS necessary for uncomplicated ODS.ConclusionStrong consensus was reached that ODS management should involve shared decision‐making between the otolaryngologist, dental provider, and patient, where the benefits and risks of dental treatment and ESS are discussed. Higher‐quality studies are necessary to develop evidence‐based treatment recommendations for ODS.
Chronic rhinosinusitis: assessment of changes in nociceptive neurons
Authors: Bogaert Stijn , Van Crombruggen Koen , Holtappels Gabriele , De Ruyck Natalie , Suchonos Nicole , Park Jonas Jae‐Hyun , Bachert Claus 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPain is a major symptom of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It is mainly associated with CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and has a major impact in the decision to move on to surgery. Patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are characterized by trigeminal hypoesthesia and suffer from less pain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CRS induces alterations in the peripheral nociceptive neurons, mainly focusing on quantitative changes.MethodsSinus mucosa and inferior turbinate (IT) samples were obtained from patients with CRS, and IT tissue of healthy patients served as controls. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was performed for neuronal markers including CNTNAP2, FAM19A1, GFRA2, NEFH, NTRK1, PLXNC1, RET, SCN10A, SCN11A, TRPV1, and PGP 9.5; enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for KCNK18, SCN10A, MRGPRD, and MAP2. For PGP 9.5, immunohistochemistry was additionally used to analyze tissue slides.ResultsWe included 35 patients with CRSsNP, 47 patients with CRSwNP, and 18 control patients. No differences in expression of the neuronal markers were observed between CRSsNP, CRSwNP, and controls. SCN10A was the only marker exclusively expressed on nociceptive neurons in sinus tissue. No histological difference in nerve fibers was observed between sinus mucosa of both phenotypes.ConclusionOur results indicate that the nociceptive nerve density in CRSwNP is not lower than in CRSsNP, as was assumed previously. The nociceptive neurons in sinonasal mucosa cannot be classified into subtypes due to the lack of specificity of the respective marker genes. Our findings question the generally accepted claim that nasal polyp tissue does not contain any nerves.
Repetitive negative thinking is associated with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline
Authors: Marchant Natalie L. , Lovland Lise R. , Jones Rebecca , Pichet Binette Alexa , Gonneaud Julie , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider M. , Chételat Gael , Villeneuve Sylvia ,   for the PREVENT‐AD Research Group
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Cognitive Debt hypothesis proposes that repetitive negative thinking (RNT), a modifiable process common to many psychological risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may itself increase risk. We sought to empirically examine relationships between RNT and markers of AD, compared with anxiety and depression symptoms.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety‐two older adults with longitudinal cognitive assessments, including 113 with amyloid‐positron emission tomography (PET) and tau‐PET scans, from the PREVENT‐AD cohort and 68 adults with amyloid‐PET scans from the IMAP+ cohort were included. All participants completed RNT, anxiety, and depression questionnaires.ResultsRNT was associated with decline in global cognition (P = .02); immediate (P = .03) and delayed memory (P = .04); and global amyloid (PREVENT‐AD: P = .01; IMAP+: P = .03) and entorhinal tau (P = .02) deposition. Relationships remained after adjusting for potential confounders.DiscussionRNT was associated with decline in cognitive domains affected early in AD and with neuroimaging AD biomarkers. Future research could investigate whether modifying RNT reduces AD risk.
Cyclopropenylmethylkation – Ein verborgenes Intermediat in Gold(I)‐katalysierten Reaktionen
Authors: Kreuzahler Mathis , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren konnte eine Vielzahl an Gold‐katalysierten Reaktionen von Alkinen beschrieben werden. Eine der bekanntesten Spezies der Reaktion von zwei Alkineinheiten ist das Vinyl‐substituierte Goldvinyliden‐Intermediat. In dieser Arbeit können wir zeigen, dass die Reaktion eines Halogenacetylens und eines Alkins über das bisher übersehene Cyclopropenylmethylkation als Intermediat abläuft. Die Existenz und die relative Stabilität dieses verborgenen Intermediats wird durch quantenchemische Rechnungen und 13C‐Markierungsexperimente belegt. Ein Vergleich des Cyclopropenylmethylkations und des bereits bekannten Vinyliden‐Intermediats zeigt, dass dieses nur im Fall von kleinen Cyclen stabiler ist. Diese Stabilität dreht sich in größeren Cyclen allerdings um. Im Fall des kleinsten Vertreters beider Spezies stellt das Vinylidenkation den Übergangszustand zum Cyclopropenylmethylkation dar. Die Aufdeckung dieses Intermediats sollte dabei helfen ein tieferes Verständnis für Gold‐katalysierte C‐C‐Verknüpfungsreaktionen von Alkinen zu erlangen. Da Enine aus dem Cyclopropenylmethylkation gebildet werden können, schafft die Einbeziehung dieses Intermediats die Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer synthetischer Methoden zum Aufbau von großen cyclischen halogenierten und nicht‐halogenierten konjugierten Enin‐Systemen.
Graphene Oxide as a Mediator in Organic Synthesis: a Mechanistic Focus
Authors: Lombardi Lorenzo , Bandini Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is experiencing growing interest by synthetic organic chemists as a promoter of chemical transformations. The synergistic role of the multiple functionalities featuring the nanostructured carbon materials and their π‐domains enables the interplay of specific activation modes towards organic compounds that can explore unprecedented chemical modifications. A detailed comprehension of the mechanistic details that govern the transformations guided by GO is a not fully solved task in the field. In this direction, more sophisticated and diversified techniques are employed, providing insights towards intriguing activation modes exerted by the π‐matrix and the oxygenated/sulfonate groups decorating the functionalized nano‐carbon material. The present Minireview accounts for a critical survey of the most recent developments in the area of GO‐mediated organic transformations with a specific focus on mechanist aspects.
Electro‐Mechanochemical Atom Transfer Radical Cyclizations using Piezoelectric BaTiO3
Authors: Schumacher Christian , Hernández José G. , Bolm Carsten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe formation and regeneration of active CuI species is a fundamental mechanistic step in copper‐catalyzed atom transfer radical cyclizations (ATRC). Typically, the presence of the catalytically active CuI species in the reaction mixture is secured by using high CuI catalyst loadings or the addition of complementary reducing agents. In this study it is demonstrated how the piezoelectric properties of barium titanate (BaTiO3) can be harnessed by mechanical ball milling to induce electrical polarization in the strained piezomaterial. This strategy enables the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy, leading to the reduction of a CuII precatalyst into the active CuI species in copper‐catalyzed mechanochemical solvent‐free ATRC reactions.
CO2 Methanation via Amino Alcohol Relay Molecules Employing a Ruthenium Nanoparticle/Metal Organic Framework Catalyst
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Shyshkanov Serhii , Nguyen Tu N. , Chidambaram Arunraj , Fei Zhaofu , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMethanation of carbon dioxide (CO2) is attractive within the context of a renewable energy refinery. Herein, we report an indirect methanation method that harnesses amino alcohols as relay molecules in combination with a catalyst comprising ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on a Lewis acidic and robust metal–organic framework (MOF). The Ru NPs are well dispersed on the surface of the MOF crystals and have a narrow size distribution. The catalyst efficiently transforms amino alcohols to oxazolidinones (upon reaction with CO2) and then to methane (upon reaction with hydrogen), simultaneously regenerating the amino alcohol relay molecule. This protocol provides a sustainable, indirect way for CO2 methanation as the process can be repeated multiple times.
Graphene‐Like Covalent Organic Framework with a Wide Band Gap Synthesized On Surface via Stepwise Reactions
Authors: Shi Guoqiang , Zhou Junfeng , Li Zhuo , Sun Ye , Kantorovich Lev N. , Fang Qiang , Besenbacher Flemming , Yu Miao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDeveloping graphene‐like two‐dimensional materials naturally possessing a band gap has sparked enormous interest. Thanks to the inherent wide band gap and high mobility in the 2D plane, covalent organic frameworks containing triazine rings (t‐COFs) hold great promise in this regard, whilst the synthesis of single‐layer t‐COFs remains highly challenging. Herein, we present the fabrication of a well‐defined graphene‐like t‐COF on Au(111). Instead of single/multiple‐step single‐type reactions commonly applied for on‐surface synthesis, distinct stepwise on‐surface reactions, including alkynyl cyclotrimerization, C−O bond cleavage, and C−H bond activation, are triggered on demand, leading to product evolution in a controlled step‐by‐step manner. Aside from the precise control in sophisticated on‐surface synthesis, this work proposes a single‐atomic‐layer organic semiconductor with a wide band gap of 3.41 eV.
Eggshell membrane reinforced polypropylene biocomposite and its tactile assessment
Authors: Na Woo Seok , Sinha Tridib Kumar , Lee Jinho , Oh Jeong Seok 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsidering the better tactile performance (pleasantness) of different materials for example, leather, fur, feather, and so on, which are known to be the tribopositive materials, herein, the tribo‐positive eggshell membrane (ESM) powders derived from waste eggshell were melt‐mixed with polypropylene (PP) to prepare a low‐cost ESM/PP biocomposite of enhanced tactile property. In this regard, in‐plane coefficient of friction (COF) has been examined and found a decreasing trend with increasing the ESM content which may consider towards improving the pleasantness of the composite, and which is due to the increase of surface smoothness and adhesion property laid by incorporation of polar ESM within the nonpolar PP matrix. However, the decrease of COF was not spontaneous. Alternatively, the increase of tribopositive character of the composite due to addition of tribopositive ESM within the tribonegative PP, as investigated by fabricating a single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (STENG)‐like device made of the ESM/PP composite may be considered potential to realize the enhancement of touch‐feeling performance. The triboelectric results showed well‐correlation not only with the COF, but also with the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. It is thus, prejudiced that triboelectric investigation can be used as a potential tool to realize/manage the touch‐feeling properties of different products.
Functional identification of Bombyx mori Atg13 in autophagy
Authors: Li Shuyan , Xu Jing , Xu Xianying , Ma Weiyuan , Tian Ling , Li Kang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe autophagy process involves a series of autophagy‐related (Atg) proteins, which are conserved in eukaryotes. ULK1/Atg1‐ATG13/Atg13 is the core protein complex for autophagy initiation in response to nutrient and hormone signaling. However, how Atg13 is regulated to participate in autophagy is unclear in insects. Here in Bombyx mori, the variation of BmAtg13 was correlated with autophagy induced by steroid hormone 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) or starvation. Developmental profiles from feeding to prepupal stage revealed that there were two bands of BmAtg13 protein detected by western blot analysis, therein the upper band was intensively decreased, while the lower band was significantly increased which was in accordance with its mRNA variation; and immunofluorescent staining indicated that BmAtg13 was nucleocytoplasmic translocated during larval‐pupal metamorphosis when autophagy was dramatically induced. BmAtg13 knockdown and overexpression both inhibits autophagy. Besides, 20E treatment‐induced BmAtg13 gene expression, while blocking 20E signaling transduction by knockdown of BmUsp reduced both gene expression and protein level of BmAtg13. These results reveal that BmAtg13 is required for 20E‐ and starvation‐induced autophagy in B. mori, which provides the foundation for further related studies.
5‐(4‐Methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione‐derived VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluations
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , Sakr Helmy , Nasser Mohamed , Alswah Mohamed , Shoman Fatma M. A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel series of 5‐(4‐methoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives, 5a–g and 7a–f, was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against HepG2, HCT116, and MCF‐7 cells. HepG2 and HCT116 were the most sensitive cell lines to the influence of the new derivatives. In particular, compounds 7f, 7e, 7d, and 7c were found to be the most potent derivatives of all the tested compounds against the HepG2, HCT116, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines. Compound 7f (IC50 = 6.19 ± 0.5, 5.47 ± 0.3, and 7.26 ± 0.3 µM, respectively) exhibited a higher activity than sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18 ± 0.6, 8.37 ± 0.7, and 5.10 ± 0.4 µM, respectively) against HepG2 and MCF‐7, cells but a lower activity against HCT116 cancer cells, respectively. Also, this compound displayed a higher activity than doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94 ± 0.6, 8.07 ± 0.8, and 6.75 ± 0.4 µM, respectively) against HepG2 and MCF‐7 cells, but nearly the same activity against HCT116 cells, respectively. All derivatives, 5a–g and 7a–f, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2). Among them, compound 7f was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.12 ± 0.02 µM, which is nearly the same as that of sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.02 µM). Compounds 7e, 7d, 7c, and 7b exhibited the highest activity, with IC50 values of 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.02, and 0.18 ± 0.03 µM, respectively, which are more than the half of that of sorafenib. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed to investigate their binding mode and affinities toward the VEGFR‐2 receptor. The data obtained from the docking studies highly correlated with those obtained from the biological screening.
Functional Zwitterionic Polymers on Surface: Structures and Applications
Authors: Li Minglun , Zhuang Bilin , Yu Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractZwitterionic polymers are important in a wide range of industrial, biological and medical fields. Their chemical structures include an equal amount of anion and cation groups, and such structures give rise to many unique functionalities, such as temperature response, anti‐polyelectrolyte effect, and strong hydration properties. In this review, we focus on the structures and applications of functional zwitterionic polymers on surfaces. We review three areas of applications according to the architecture of the polymeric systems: surface coating, complex solutions, and hydrogel. We review the simulation and theory work and highlight some outlooks for further development.