bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HISTORICAL ELECTRONIC RESOURCES FOR STUDYING THE SOCIAL TOPOGRAPHY OF SIBERIAN CITIES AT THE END OF XIX — THE BEGINNINGS XX CENTURIES (SPECIAL ASPECTS OF THE CREATION AND THE USE)
Authors: Chekryzhova Oksana I. , Bryukhanova Elena A. 
Published: January 2021

Creating historical Internet resources, databases and informational systems, which are available to a wide user community in on-line mode, is one of the relevant directions of modern historical research. The use of spatial analysis to study the social topography of Siberian cities at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries based on the geographic information system created on the NextGISWeb platform is especially relevant due to the contemplation of creating an information system, containing a various body of data, which are presented as an open user resource with the use of a Web-GIS platform and availabled to a wide circle of researchers. The main source of this study are one of the most complete and representative collections of census forms of the Tobolsk Governorate cities, kept in the State Archives of Tobolsk city, the Tyumen Region (GATO). The types and structure of the census forms formed the basis of the created database, which has an analogous structure with the census forms. Working with maps and city plans, which act as sources for creating a base map and include not only digitizing the source map, but also attracting additional materials containing a description of the infrastructure and urban areas, which involves a broad analytical effort, which is not transfer of information from historical maps to the digital environment, but reconstruction of urban space. The integrated approach and the use of all possible sources allow to achieve the maximum possible effect of the reconstructed space of the urban environment.
Statut social et prestige aux marges de l’Empire: Lamothe Cadillac et le Détroit du lac Érié
Authors: Teasdale Guillaume 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Detroit founder Antoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac is a controversial figure in the history of New France. The historiography has primarily focused on his attempts to gain wealth in the Great Lakes region by any means necessary, including illicit trade with Indigenous people. At times the literature mentions in passing that he also sought to obtain a marquisate at Detroit. However, this topic has not been fully researched. This paper argues that Cadillac aspired to use the Great Lakes region as a place where he would try to improve his social status within France’s society. More than profit, Cadillac wanted to improve his social status, for himself but also for his descendants. In both Ancien Régime France and New France money could make one’s life more comfortable. But prestige could only be achieved by owning a fief, preferably a titled fief like a marquisate.
La diplomatie des femmes au cœur des rivalités impériales européennes et dans la traite atlantique en Afrique de l’Ouest, XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Traoré Makhroufi Ousmane 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
L’histoire africaine entre le XVe et XVIIIe siècles est pensée, écrite et souvent analysée en référence à la traite négrière qui constitue une des pierres angulaires des relations internationales sur la côte atlantique d’Afrique de l’Ouest. C’est une période pour laquelle l’histoire des relations diplomatiques n’a jamais envisagé de consacrer au continent un champ d’étude car les royaumes africains n’étaient pas considérés aptes pour produire des lieux de négociations ou des espaces de diplomatie. Tout au plus, la côte occidentale d’Afrique ne compte que pour les grandes rivalités du XVIIIe siècle, dites impériales. Elle n’est importante que dans la mesure où l’Angleterre et la France y disputaient au XVIIIe siècle des comptoirs, des concessions ou possessions pour asseoir leur pouvoir de « monarchies universelles de la mer et du commerce » qu’elles aspiraient à devenir. Les puissances maritimes européennes étaient attirées par l’or, l’ivoire, la gomme et le captif. La traite négrière qui mettait en relation les puissances maritimes de l’Europe entre elles, et avec les royaumes africains, n’a jamais relevé d’une question intéressant les relations internationales. Lorsqu’elle l’était, il n’y a que la côte qui comptait comme lieu de négociations car lieu de la traite des captifs et des rivalités impériales. De ce fait, les compagnies commerciales y développaient à partir du XVIIe siècle des relations commerciales avec les souverains africains. C’est pourquoi une étude des négociations avec la France au XVIIIe siècle, dans une perspective africaine, doit étudier les ambitions politiques, économiques ou sociales du souverain africain. Elle doit analyser la vision africaine de la diplomatie et la conception des rencontres globales du souverain africain.
Au cours du XVIIIe siècle, l’expérience acquise entre le VIIe et le XVIe siècle, s’est reflétée dans l’art de négocier avec les Français. Dans ces nouvelles négociations de nature différente, la construction de l’État-ethnie qui suivit la désintégration des empires médiévaux du XVe siècle, provoquée par l’arrivée des Européens sur la côte, occupe une place importante pour l’État africain. Abordée dans ce contexte politique, la traite négrière devient un produit de la construction de l’État moderne en Afrique au cours du XVIIIe siècle. Elle est la conséquence d’une confrontation entre une culture impériale de violence esclavagiste d’origine européenne et l’émergence de l’État-ethnie en Afrique de l’Ouest, l’incarnation d’une nouvelle forme d’identité forte de la territorialité et de l’ethnicité. L’État-e thnie est organisé autour d’une forte centralisation du pouvoir politique et militaire.
Underlayers of Citizenship: Queer Objects, Intimate Exposures, and the Rescue Rush in Kenya
Authors: Meiu George Paul 
Published: January 2021

In Kenya in recent years, diapers have played a central role in anti-homosexual discourses, suggesting that anal sex results in chronic bodily incontinence. But rumors about adults in diapers do not pertain only to homosexuality. They also describe bodily ruptures resulting from sex work, illicit moneymaking practices, and “immorality,” more generally. This article explores how the resonances between different deployments of diapers help constitute the homosexual body as a target of outrage, violence, and exclusion. I argue that rumors about adults in diapers identify and expose national threats in the hidden layers of intimate life to produce good citizenship. Drawing on Sara Ahmed’s work, I approach diapers as “queer objects,” because they offer an alternative entry point into discussions of intimate citizenship: they bracket the reified category of the homosexual and demonstrate how sentiments associated with homophobia emerge in a wider set of struggles with bodies, work, respectability, and progress.
Muhtasari
Katika mazumgumzo juu ya kuzuiia gayism (ushoga) nchini Kenya, imekuwa kawaida kusema kwamba ngono ya nyuma inasabibisha watu wazima wavae ‘pampers’ (nepi). Lakini uvumi huu hauhusu gayism peke yake tu. Uvumi juu ya nepi hurejelea pia nyufa za mwili zinazosabibishwa na ukahaba, mazoea ya kutafuta pesa haramu, na aina zingine za "uasherati." Makala hii inatafiti maana tofauti ya nepi katika mazumgumzo ya kila siku kwa ajiji ya kuelewa vile maana hayo yanaathiri maoni kuhusu gayism. Ninaonyesha vile uvumi juu ya watu wazima wanaovaa nepi wanafunua mahatari katika “tabaka zinazofichwa” za maisha ya kila siku nchini. Nepi ndiyo vitu vinavyotusaidia kuelewa uhusiano kati ya uraia na ujinsia. Kwa sababu hayo, ninafuata maandishi ya Sara Ahmed kusema kwamba nepi kuwa “vitu queer:” yaani, vitu vinavyoonyesha kwamba mapambano na afya ya miili, kazi, heshima, na maendeleo yanaweza kuunda chuki ya ushoga.
Výukový scaffolding v primárním vzdělávání optikou žáků mladšího školního věku
Authors: Seberová Alena , Göbelová Taťána , Šimik Ondřej , Sikorová Zuzana 
Published: January 2021

Výukový scaffolding jako forma dynamické, situačně podmíněné intervence učitele do procesu žákova učení vytváří zajímavý terén pro zkoumání specifických, individuálně podmíněných forem podpory, které je možné při interakci učitele a žáka ve výuce zachytit. Svým obsahem a významem široká konceptualizace scaffoldingu jako strategie reprezentující všechny možné formy a zdroje facilitace žákova učení však vede k jeho zpochybňování. Dochází k zastírání specifických znaků, jež by naplnily jeho původní význam a úlohu, kterou sehrává v procesu učení, konkrétně v zóně nejbližšího vývoje. Naší snahou je lépe porozumět významově širšímu kontextuálnímu rámci scaffoldingu, kterým je právě obecněji definovaná podpora učení, a to prostřednictvím zachycení v praxi využívaných strategií a postupů, které jako podpůrné identifikují žáci, učitelé a nezávislí pozorovatelé. Výsledky empirického šetření prezentované v tomto příspěvku jsou zaměřeny na specifickou výzkumnou otázku vztahující se k optice, kterou nahlíží na podporu učení samotní žáci primárního vzdělávání. Našim záměrem bylo zjistit, jak žáci mladšího školního věku subjektivně reflektují a popisují význam a zdroje podpory, které využívají v procesu učení. Metodologicky jsme vycházeli z fenomenologického přístupu. Ke sběru dat jsme využili hloubkové polostrukturované rozhovory se 104 žáky mladšího školního věku v rozmezí 6–11 let. K analýze dat jsme využili kvalitativní techniku strukturace s tvorbou induktivních kategorií. Obsahová analýza dat umožnila generovat čtyři klíčové kategorie zdrojů podpory učení. První, kódovaná jako „Absence strachu“, ukázala význam emoční podpory v podobě potřeby povzbuzení, pochvaly a šancí na úspěch a současně hrozby strachu z neúspěchu, chyby či známky. Druhá kategorie „Znovu a znovu“ nahlédla specifický, sociohistorický rys českého školního vzdělávání v podobě rutinního opakování a procvičování osvojovaného učiva. Význam sociálního kontextu partnerského učení byl v našich datech kódován výrokem „Zeptám se Denise“. Žáky pojmenovaný význam názornosti u didaktických pomůcek v podobě nákresů, obrázků, map nebo příběhů tvoří jádro poslední, čtvrté kategorie s názvem „Vizualizace“.
Klíčová slova: scaffolding, podpora učení, zóna nejbližšího vývoje, emocionální scaffolding, vizuální scaffolding
Kína útja a szegénységi csapdán át a közepes jövedelmű országok csapdájáig
Authors: Oroszi Sándor 
Published: January 2021

Ez a tanulmány egy széleskörű – az ökológiai lábnyom elemzésétől a környezeti feltételek biztosításán keresztül az államok foglyul ejtéséig terjedő, egymásra épülő témakörben folyó - kutatómunka terméke. Figyelemmel kísérhetjük Kínának a szegénységi csapdából való kijutását követő gazdasági növekedését, majd elemezzük a közepesen fejlett gazdaságok csapdahelyzetét, ezt követően kitérünk a csapda utáni csapdahelyzet veszélyeire, kihívásaira.
A világhatalommá előrelépő Kína helyzetét különlegessé teszi, hogy nagyhatalmi törekvései miatt ütköznek érdekei az Egyesült Államok birodalomépítési elképzeléseivel. A század végére kialakuló multipoláris világrendben az akkor már egyértelműen a legnagyobb bruttó hazai terméket produkáló Kína mellett India is meghatározó szerepet tölt be, veszélyeztetve az USA második helyét.
Potenciális versenytársaival szemben az Egyesült Államok igyekszik a lehetséges eszközök széles arzenálját bevetni. Ebben számíthat a nyugati civilizáció országainak együttműködésére, támogatására, valamint gyakorlatilag az összes nemzetközi gazdasági, pénzügyi és politikai szervezetre, mivel azok döntéshozó fórumain sikeresen épített ki többséget.
A globalizáció elmélyülésével a nemzetállamok több dimenzióban egyre inkább háttérbe szorulnak, funkcióik egy része fokozatosan átkerül tömörüléseik hatáskörébe. Az így létrejövő tömböket azonos civilizációhoz tartozó országok alkotják. Mivel a civilizációk kulturális entitások, gazdasági, politikai, jogi relációkban csak koordináló szerepet tölthetnek be.
Lévai - Egy különös történet a bonyolult XX. századból
Authors: Trencsényi László 
Published: January 2021

A szerző Lévai Sándor jeles bábtervező (1930 – 1997) életútján és egy különleges, meg nem valósult - utópista szocialista - projektjén (Sanyi Manó mesevárosa) keresztül szemlélteti, hogy a XX. század második fele (a létező szocializmus korszaka) sem írható le egyszerűen fekete színnel. Hitek és remények bonyolult kontextusa jellemezte ezt a korszakot is. Különösen igaz ez a gyermekkultúrára, melynek a hetvenes években virágkora lehetett – még különösebb történelmi-politikai feltételek mellett. Történetünk hőse tehát a XX. század második felének gyermeke. Gyerekként megélhette a felvidék határigazításainak zaklatott történetét, a „fényes szellők” idejében eszmélt, népi kollégista volt. Eszményeihez hű maradt állami munkahelyein, az Állami Bábszínházban és a Magyar Televíziónál is. Sikeres alkotóként is mindig maradt energiája nyílt társadalmi ügyek szolgálatára, a közösségi társadalom kialakításának előmozdítására mind a fiatal művészek világában, mind nagyvárosi lakótelep tervezésekor, mind a tanulmányban részletesen bemutatott Meseváros kezdeményezésében.
Thyrotoxic dilated cardiomyopathy: personal experience and case collection from the literature
Authors: Molinaro Giuseppina , De Vecchis Renato , Badolati Elio , Giannattasio Raffaele 
Published: January 2021

Summary
The authors examine several reports of the literature concerning thyrotoxic dilated cardiomyopathy. In particular, it is pointed out that this clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism is rare in readily diagnosed and properly treated hyperthyroidism. Case reports are analyzed comparatively. A case deriving from the direct experience of the authors is also presented.

Learning points:

Dilated cardiomyopathy has been reported as the initial presentation of hyperthyroidism in only 6% of patients although <1% developed severe LV dysfunction.

Clinical picture of thyrotoxic dilated cardiomyopathy can degenerate into an overt cardiogenic shock sometimes requiring the use of devices for mechanical assistance to the circulation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

For thyrotoxic dilated cardiomyopathy, evidence-based pharmacologic measures valid for heart failure should always be supplemented by the administration of specific thyroid therapies such as thionamides (methimazole, carbimazole or propylthiouracil), whose relatively long latency of action should be supported by the i.v. administration of small doses of beta-blocker.

In cases of cardiogenic shock, the administration of beta-blocker should be carried out only after the restoration of satisfactory blood pressure levels- with the prudent use of synthetic catecholamines, if necessary.
Advanced acromegaly: successful disease control for more than 16 years using octreotide LA
Authors: Elshafie Omayma , Woodhouse Nicholas 
Published: January 2021

Summary
A 79-year-old male presented with a 10-year history of intermittent headache, sweating, persistent hand numbness and uncontrolled hypertension. He was receiving Nifedipine and Hydrochorothizide. On examination (O/E), his BP was 180/100 he was acromegalic. His growth hormone (GH) was 10 mIU/L (0.0–0.1) and his insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1): 952 µg/L (76–160). An MRI of the pituitary revealed a 3 × 2 cm pituitary macroadenoma. Surgery was refused and the family agreed for a therapeutic trial of octreotide. His GH levels fell immediately. Two weeks later he was switched to long-acting monthly octreotide in September 2003. During his 16-year follow-up, he has remained well and asymptomatic off medications for hypertension. His BP and IGF-1 levels were also normal until octreotide Long acting (LA) octrotide was stopped for 3 months at age 96. During this period the IGF-1 level returned to pretreatment levels 500 ng/L (50–141), GH 24 mIU/L (0.0–0.1), and a small residual tumour 0.5–0.8 cm was seen on the MRI. Octreotide LA was restarted and the IGF-1 and GH levels returned to normal. He continues the same treatment to date age 97 without side effects. We conclude that the successful control of IGF-1, GH levels, hypertension, tumour size and clinical symptoms for more than 16 years occurred using octreotide LA in an elderly advanced acromegalic patient. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the successful use of octreotide LA for more than 16 years.

Learning points:

The value of a therapeutic trial of octreotide to identify responders.

Control of GH and IGF-1 secretion using octreotide LA.

The report of the successful use of octreotide for more than 16 years irrespective of age.
Details of the Peasants Everyday Life in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th Century and the First Half of the 17th Century
Authors: Dambrauskaitė Neringa 
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the aspects of everyday life of the peasants who lived in private estates of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th – the first half of the 17th century. The research was mainly based on published and unpublished acts of court cases, additional information is found in the estate inventories and descriptions provided by the people who travelled through Lithuania. The analysis revealed that the homestead of the peasants were usually modest – it consisted of few wooden buildings, the most important of which being a dwelling house, a granary and a cattle-shed, but richer peasants lived in larger homesteads with more different buildings. Peasants usually lived in wooden farmhouses with a stove, whereas some part of the peasants in Samogitia still lived in the so-called numas with a fireplace. Peasants’ main clothes were sermėgos, sheepskin coats, shirts, woman’s cloaks; some peasants could afford to have more expensive clothes. The main food products included different kinds of grain, first of all, stocks of rye, as well as peas, different vegetables, flitch, dairy products. Probably only richer peasants ate meat more often. There were important various household effects and work tools in the peasant homestead. Although the life of peasants was modest, however there existed differences in the standard of everyday living during the period under discussion.
(Non)historical Research of The Historical Period of Rebirth
Authors: Vaitelė Tomas 
Published: January 2021

Rec.: Anna Mikonis-Railienė, Renata Šukaitytė, Mantas Martišius, Renata Stonytė, Politinis lūžis ekrane: (po)komunistinė transformacija Lietuvos dokumentiniame kine, videokronikoje ir televizijoje, Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2020.
Blood parameters as a measure for controlling physical performance of young Algerian cyclists (U23 category)
Authors: Abdelhamid Abdelkader Kharobi , Khelifa Said Aissa , Mohamed Abdelmalek , Abderrezzak Benglia , Hadj Sahraoui Si Merabet 
Published: January 2021

Background and Study Aim. The use of blood parameters in monitoring athletes is an essential but an unstandardized component of managing athletic preparation. This study aims to describe and evaluate typical measurements and responses observed while monitoring elite cyclist during a training camp. The reported observations might contribute in constituting a scientific support for other practitioners to employ. Material and Methods. 35 elite cyclists from the Algerian National team aged 16 – 23 years participated in this study. Peripheral fasting blood samples were collected in resting after 24 hrs of physical inactivity and outside competitions. Complete blood count (CBC) and hormonal index values (Cortisol, Testosterone, Probnp and TnT) were tested twice before and after the training camp. The statistical data were analysed by the SPSS software version 22.0. Results. The observed rates of change were significant (p<0,01, p<0,05) for most erythrocyte variables, except for leukocyte and platelet distribution levels. Hormonal values recorded for Troponin (↓92,78%, p=0,000) and Cortisol (↓11,85%, p=0,000) remained significantly as an anticipatory response to competition. The responses of the ProBnp and testosterone were not statistically significant and experienced a different response with regards to their kinetics. Conclusion. This study is further support suggesting a viable approach to monitoring physical performance index in elite athletes. The results imply that reducing volume while increasing intensity of training just before competition can enhance performance during short preparation periods.
Complex sleep‐disordered breathing after vagus nerve stimulation: broadening the spectrum of adverse events of special interest
Authors: Oliveira Santos Miguel , Bentes Carla , Teodoro Tiago , Moreira Susana , Marques Marta , Tomé Diogo , Peralta Ana Rita 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTwo young males with refractory epilepsy of unknown aetiology were referred for vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Sleep disturbances emerged following VNS parameter changes. In Patient 1, video‐polysomnogram (PSG) disclosed snoring and catathrenia in non‐REM sleep. Central apnoea also occurred, but more rarely. In Patient 2, video‐PSG showed mixed apnoea with desaturation and episodes of stridor followed by a catathrenia‐like sound. A drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) revealed, during VNS OFF time, glossoptosis, “trap door” of the epiglottis, and paresis of the left side of the larynx and ipsilateral vocal cords. During ON time, there were periods of pharyngeal collapse, in which video‐PSG revealed patterns suggestive of both obstructive and central sleep apnoea. All these sleep‐related phenomena were coincident with VNS ON time. In the first patient, VNS parameter adjustment was sufficient to successfully reverse all the symptoms, whereas the other patient required concomitant treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. The data broaden our knowledge about sleep disorders related to VNS, in particular stridor and catathrenia. We suggest that central sleep apnoea may be associated with laryngeal occlusion. DISE may be considered in selected cases as a valuable clinical tool to evaluate, in a single session, the effectiveness of multiple VNS parameter changes on respiration and laryngeal side effects. [Published with video sequences].
A case series of super‐refractory status epilepticus successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Tan Hui Jan , Tee Tze Yuan , Husin Mazlina , Khoo Ching Soong , Woon Luke Sy‐Cherng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuper‐refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is a neurocritical emergency, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The precise pathophysiology is still not completely understood. The likelihood of spontaneous seizure termination reduces with time, and it is of paramount importance to abort status in order to prevent permanent long‐term neurological sequelae and death. A few neuroprotective strategies, such as general anaesthesia, steroids, ketogenic diet and hypothermia, have been used to treat SRSE, however, the clinical outcome remains inconclusive. We herein present two cases of SRSE, which were successfully treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) after failing all pharmacological measures.