bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of humoral immunity in chronic infection
Authors: Cooper Lucy , Good‐Jacobson Kim L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic viral infections disrupt the ability of the humoral immune response to produce neutralizing antibody or form effective immune memory, preventing viral clearance and making vaccine design difficult. Multiple components of the B‐cell response are affected by pathogens that are not cleared from the host. Changes in the microenvironment shift production of B cells to short‐lived plasma cells early in the response. Polyclonal B cells are recruited into both the plasma cell and germinal center compartments, inhibiting the formation of a targeted, high‐affinity response. Finally, memory B cells shift toward an “atypical” phenotype, which may in turn result in changes to the functional properties of this population. While similar properties of B‐cell dysregulation have been described across different types of persistent infections, key questions about the underlying mechanisms remain. This review will discuss the recent advances in this field, as well as highlight the critical questions about the interplay between viral load, microenvironment, the polyclonal response and atypical memory B cells that are yet to be answered. Design of new preventative treatments will rely on identifying the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators that push B cells toward an ineffective response, and thus identify new ways to guide them back onto the best path for clearance of virus and formation of effective immune memory.
Listening to Women: Understanding and Challenging Systems of Power to Achieve Reproductive Justice in South Carolina
Authors: Smith Ellie , Sundstrom Beth , Delay Cara 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSouth Carolina women, especially low‐income women and women of color, face greater disparities in reproductive health outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm delivery, infant mortality, and maternal mortality, than do women nationally. The purpose of this study was to utilize a reproductive justice framework in which reproduction is considered a woman‐centered experience (as opposed to a social issue to be solved) to understand the reproductive experiences of women in South Carolina. We conducted 70 in‐depth interviews with women aged 19–78 years and analyzed these interviews using a constant comparative method. Study findings revealed that participants faced the consequences of oppressive systems of power when accessing reproductive health care, including high costs and lack of adequate health insurance coverage. Participants recognized the complexity of navigating reproduction in a conservative social context (i.e., South Carolina), further “compounded” by their gender and race. Women of color specifically noted challenges to reproductive care based on historical injustices and discrimination, including racial bias in hospital settings and aversion to certain contraceptive methods (e.g., IUD). Participants described the need to exercise reproductive autonomy and to have a “voice” in order to make desired lifestyle choices (e.g., career, motherhood) to overcome these challenges. Study findings evidence the women‐centered experience of reproduction within a specific sociogeopolitical context in order to uncover the challenges and opportunities to improving women's reproductive health in South Carolina.
When ESKD complicates the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: William Jeffrey H. , Morales Alexander , Rosas Sylvia E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven the increased incidence and prevalence of ESKD (end‐stage kidney disease) attributed to diabetes mellitus, it is important to consider the physiological and global sociodemographic factors that give rise to unique challenges in providing excellent care to this population. The individual with diabetes and ESKD faces alterations of glucose homeostasis that require close therapeutic attention, as well as the consideration of safe and effective means of maintaining glycemic control. Implementation of routine monitoring of blood glucose and thoughtful alteration of the individual’s hypoglycemic drug regimen must be employed to reduce the risk of neurological, cardiovascular, and diabetes‐specific complications that may arise as a result of ESKD. Titration of insulin therapy may become quite challenging, as kidney replacement therapy often significantly impacts insulin requirements. New medications have significantly improved the ability of the clinician to provide effective therapies for the management of diabetes, but have also raised an equal amount of uncertainty with respect to their safety and efficacy in the ESKD population. Additionally, the clinician must consider the challenges related to the delivery of kidney replacement therapy, and how inter‐modality differences may impact glycemic control, diabetes, and ESKD‐related complications, and issues surrounding dialysis vascular access creation.
On The Impact of the Locality on Short-Circuit Characteristics: Experimental Analysis and Multiphysics Simulation of External and Local Short-Circuits Applied to Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Sturm J. , Rheinfeld A. , Buzon D. , Jossen A. 
Published: April 2020

Emulating true, field-like internal short-circuits (ISCs) by experimental methods is a complex task with mostly unsatisfactory outcome. However, understanding the evolution and impact of ISCs is crucial to mitigate safety issues related to lithium-ion batteries. Local short-circuit (LSC) conditions are applied to single-layered, small-sized (i.e. <60 mAh), and single-side coated graphite/NMC-111 pouch-type cells in a quasi-isothermal test bench using the nail/needle penetration approach. The cell’s impedance, capacity, and the contact resistance at the penetration site mainly define the short-circuit current and, hence, the terminal voltage and heat generation rate associated with polarization effects and electrochemical rate limitations, which are correlated to the cell’s behavior during external short-circuits (ESCs) at various short-circuit resistances. Measuring the electrical potential between the needle and the cell’s negative tab allows to evaluate the polarization across the electrodes and to estimate the short-circuit intensity. LSC simulation studies are used to correlate current flux and resistance to ESC conditions. Double-layered cells are penetrated to create short-circuit conditions within either a single or both electrode stacks to study the difference between multiple LSCs (e.g. during a nail penetration test) and a single LSC (e.g. due to a particle/dendrite). Post-mortem analysis reveals copper dissolution/deposition across both electrodes.
Visual Inquiry in Educational Research
Authors: TSANG Kwok Kuen , BESLEY Tina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In visual culture, people would like to perceive, express, and negotiate the meanings of social world visually so that the status of the visual has reached that of written word and narrative. Therefore, social researchers are motivated to develop visual methodologies to examine the visual dimension of social worlds. According to them, the visual methodologies could generate richer information for us to understand social phenomena than the traditional quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Therefore, there is a burgeoning uptake of visual research methods in different fields of social sciences. Considering the ubiquity and importance of the visual in the world for education, the Beijing International Review of Education has organized this special issue to discuss some of the theoretical and methodological issues of visual research methods in educational research.
Evaluating Precipitation Datasets Using Surface Water and Energy Budget Closure
Authors: Hobeichi Sanaa , Abramowitz Gab , Contractor Steefan , Evans Jason 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEvaluation of global gridded precipitation datasets typically entails using the in situ or satellite-based data used to derive them, so that out-of-sample testing is usually not possible. Here we detail a methodology that incorporates the physical balance constraints of the surface water and energy budgets to evaluate gridded precipitation estimates, providing the capacity for out-of-sample testing. Performance conclusions are determined by the ability of precipitation products to achieve closure of the linked budgets using adjustments that are within their prescribed uncertainty bounds. We evaluate and compare five global gridded precipitation datasets: IMERG, GPCP, GPCC, REGEN, and MERRA-2. At the spatial level, we show that precipitation is best estimated by GPCC over the high latitudes, by GPCP over the tropics, and by REGEN over North Africa and the Middle East. IMERG and REGEN appear best over Australia and South Asia. Furthermore, our results give insight into the adequacy of prescribed uncertainties of these products and shows that MERRA-2, while being less competent than the other four products in estimating precipitation, has the best representation of uncertainties in its precipitation estimates. The spatial extent of our results is not only limited to grid cells with in situ observations. Therefore, the approach enables a robust evaluation of precipitation estimates and goes some way to addressing the challenge of validation over observation scarce regions.
Agreement between the Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) interview and a paper-administered adaption
Authors: Burckhardt Marion , Fleischer Steffen , Berg Almuth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life-Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) is a prevalent face-to-face interview method for measuring quality of life by integrating respondent-generated dimensions. To apply this method in clinical trials, a paper-administered alternative would be of interest. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the agreement between the SEIQoL-DW and a paper questionnaire version (SEIQoL-PF/G).

Methods
In a crossover design, both measures were completed in a random sequence. 104 patients at a heart surgery hospital in Germany were randomly assigned to receive either the SEIQoL-DW or the SEIQoL-PF/G as the first measurement in the sequence. Patients were approached on their earliest stable day after surgery. The average time between both measurements was 1 day (mean 1.3; SD 0.8).
Agreement regarding the indices, ratings, and weightings of nominated life areas (cues) was explored using Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Agreement of the SEIQoL indices was defined as acceptable if the LoA did not exceed a threshold of 10 scale points. Data from n = 99 patients were included in the agreement analysis.

Results
Both measures led to similarly nominated cues. The most frequently nominated cues were “physical health” and “family”.
In the Bland-Altman plot, the indices showed a mean of differences of 2 points (95% CI, − 1 to 6). The upper LoA showed a difference of 36 points (95% CI, 30 to 42), and the lower LoA showed a difference of − 31 points (95% CI, − 37 to − 26). Thus, the LoAs and confidence intervals exceeded the predefined threshold. The Bland-Altman plots for the cue levels and cue weights showed similar results.
The SEIQoL-PF/G version showed a tendency for equal weighting of cues, while the weighting procedure of the SEIQoL-DW led to greater variability.

Conclusions
For cardiac surgery patients, use of the current version of the SEIQoL-PF/G as a substitute for the SEIQoL-DW is not recommended.
The current questionnaire weighting method seems to be unable to distinguish weighting for different cues. Therefore, the further design of a weighting method without interviewer support as a paper-administered measure of individual quality of life is desirable.
The impact of motivational interviewing on relapse to substance use among women in Iran: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Oveisi Sonia , Stein L. A. R. , Babaeepour Elham , Araban Marzieh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Women in Iran are in great need of effective substance abuse services. The current study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) for women in treatment for drug use in Iran.

Method
The sample (N = 60) included women in a drug treatment center in Qazvin (Iran) from August to December of 2017. The research sample included 60 female drug users randomly assigned to MI or Standard Care (SC). Prior to randomization women completed a baseline questionnaire and the Relapse Prediction Scale (RPS), which measures desire (urge) to use and probability of using/not using in risky situations (self-efficacy). MI consisted of eight 60-min group sessions over a 1-month period, twice weekly. At 2-months follow-up, data were gathered using a questionnaire similar to baseline. Mixed Model Analysis were used to determine group differences.

Results
Mean age of participants was 30 years and average addiction duration was 7 years. Although the scores of the desire to use and the probability of drug use were not significant before the intervention, after the intervention, scores on desire to use and probability of use improved about 81.1% (F: 2230.15, P < 0.001, degrees of freedom: 63, 15) and 81.9%, (F: 749.39, P < 0.001, degrees of freedom: 79, 77), respectively, compared to those of control group.

Conclusion
The results showed that motivational interviewing could decrease desire to use and probability of use among female drug users. Motivational interviewing could play an important role in improving women’s health in Iran.

Trial registration
IRCT registration number: IRCT20140907019077N4
Registration date: 2017-12-12, 1396/09/21
Registration timing: registered_while_recruiting
Last update: 2017-12-12, 1396/09/21
Time trends and social security burden of temporary work disability due to chronic venous disease in Brazil
Authors: da Coelho Raissa M. , Nunes Marco A. P. , Gomes Cristiane V. C. , dos Viana Ilma S. , da Silva Ângela M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Chronic venous disease (CVD) and disability are worldwide problems and have significant socioeconomic implications. This study aims to analyze the time trends and social security burden of temporary work disability due to CVD in Brazil.

Methods
An ecological time series study using the Brazilian Social Security System database was performed from 2005 to 2014. Data from all benefits granted to workers with temporary disability due to CVD were analyzed. The cases were identified using diagnosis codes I83–I83.9 of the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10). The time trend analyses were performed by the Joinpoint Regression Model, with sex, age, regions, income, and category of affiliation as variables. Crude and age-standardized rates were calculated.

Results
A total of 429,438 benefits were granted for temporary work disability due to CVD from 2005 to 2014, with a growing trend and an age-standardized annual percent change (APC) of 3.4 (95% CI: 2.6–4.2) (p < 0.05). Social security expense increased 3.5-fold, and the number of days in benefit doubled from 2005 to 2014. In total, 27,017,818 working days were lost. The average duration of benefits was 55.3 days. The majority of workers were women (68.2%) (p < 0.001), between 30 and 59 years old, employed, had a monthly income ≤2 minimum wages (MW) (83.2%), and lived in the regions southeast (53.6%) and south (29.3%). Significantly higher APCs were observed for women than for men (APC: 4.9, 95% CI: 4.0–5.7 versus APC: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.1–2.4). All regions in Brazil had a significant growing trend, except in the north. No significant growth was observed in the age group of 60–69 years. A decreasing trend was observed in workers with monthly incomes above 2 MW (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Temporary work disability due to CVD and social security burden showed increasing trends with millions of working days lost, particularly among women and low-income workers. Preventing disability is challenging, and public policies are needed to reduce the social and economic impact of disability. Therefore, measures for promoting health at the workplace should be encouraged.
A recombinant antibody toolbox for Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Lima Wanessa C. , Hammel Philippe , Cosson Pierre 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe amoebaDictyostelium discoideumhas been a valuable model organism to study numerous facets of eukaryotic cell biology, such as cell motility, cell adhesion, macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, host–pathogen interactions and multicellular development. However, the relative small size of theDictyosteliumcommunity hampers the production and distribution of reagents and tools, such as antibodies, by commercial vendors.ResultsFor the past 5 years, our laboratory has worked to promote an increased use of recombinant antibodies (rAbs) by academic laboratories. Here we report our efforts to ensure thatDictyosteliumresearchers have access to rAbs. Using hybridoma sequencing and phage display techniques, we generated a panel of recombinant antibodies againstD. discoideumantigens, providing a useful and reliable set of reagents for labelling and characterization of proteins and subcellular compartments inD. discoideum, accessible to the entireDictyosteliumcommunity.
Deep learning-driven wireless communication for edge-cloud computing: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Wu Huaming , Li Xiangyi , Deng Yingjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFuture wireless communications are becoming increasingly complex with different radio access technologies, transmission backhauls, and network slices, and they play an important role in the emerging edge computing paradigm, which aims to reduce the wireless transmission latency between end-users and edge clouds. Deep learning techniques, which have already demonstrated overwhelming advantages in a wide range of internet of things (IoT) applications, show significant promise for solving such complicated real-world scenarios. Although the convergence of radio access networks and deep learning is still in the preliminary exploration stage, it has already attracted tremendous concern from both academia and industry. To address emerging theoretical and practical issues, ranging from basic concepts to research directions in future wireless networking applications and architectures, this paper mainly reviews the latest research progress and major technological deployment of deep learning in the development of wireless communications. We highlight the intuitions and key technologies of deep learning-driven wireless communication from the aspects of end-to-end communication, signal detection, channel estimation and compression sensing, encoding and decoding, and security and privacy. Main challenges, potential opportunities and future trends in incorporating deep learning schemes in wireless communications environments are further illustrated.
Facilitating the conservation treatment of Eva Hesse’s Addendum through practice-based research, including a comparative evaluation of novel cleaning systems
Authors: Bartoletti Angelica , Maor Tamar , Chelazzi David , Bonelli Nicole , Baglioni Piero , Angelova Lora V. , Ormsby Bronwyn A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the methodology and practice-based research underpinning the development of a successful cleaning strategy for Eva Hesse’s sculpture Addendum (1967, Tate Collection T02394). Research strands included: technical and art historical investigations to determine the materials and construction of the work of art and to define the aims of the conservation treatment; the production, soiling and accelerated ageing of mock-up samples using contemporary equivalent materials; and the systematic, iterative evaluation of soiling removal systems, which were further refined for appropriate use on the work of art. The comparative cleaning system evaluation was employed to determine options which offered optimal soiling removal efficacy and posed minimal risk to the work of art. Newly developed Nanorestore Gel® Peggy series (i.e. polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl alcohol/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVA/PVP)-based hydrogels), designed for the cleaning of modern and contemporary art, were evaluated with a range of other gels, emulsifiers and cosmetic sponges and assessed through a combination of empirical observation, microscopy and spectroscopic techniques. Promising options, combined with tailored aqueous phases derived from trials on mock-up samples, were then evaluated on discreet areas of the sculpture. After extensive testing, the top papier mâché section of Addendum was surface cleaned using an aqueous solution applied with cosmetic sponges, and the ropes were surface cleaned using a modified version of Nanorestore Gel® Peggy 5 (PVA/PVP) loaded with a tailored aqueous solution. The optimisation of this hydrogel, combined with the extensive supporting research, enabled the successful, low-risk, conservation treatment of Addendum for the first time since acquisition.
Is Sub-Saharan Africa prepared for COVID-19?
Authors: Nuwagira Edwin , Muzoora Conrad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is the latest virus to cause global health panic. Due to the rapidly escalating numbers of new infections outside China, COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, in a message delivered by Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the WHO Director-General [1]. As of March 21, about 166 countries globally had recoded cases of the COVID-19 in only 4 months since its outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China [2, 3]. With the Antarctic continent unaffected, Africa, in particular Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), has recorded the least number of cases, despite the cited moderate-to-high risk of infection [4]. The biggest challenge is whether Sub-Saharan Africa is ready for this pandemic.
Perioperative temperature monitoring in general and neuraxial anesthesia: a survey study
Authors: Yüksek Ahmet , Talih Gamze , Kantekin Cigdem Unal , Yardımcı Cevdet 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative hypothermia is an unintended decrease in the core temperature of patients. Hypothermia has many proven complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the perioperative temperature monitoring rates and the difficulties encountered during monitoring, particularly in patients undergoing neuraxial anesthesia.MethodsTwo hundred anesthesiologists were included in the study who work in Turkey and actively work in an operating room. A questionnaire was applied to the participants via printed form or e-mail.ResultsIn Turkey, the overall temperature monitoring ratio was measured as 5.5%. Temperature monitoring was the most frequently used for cardiovascular surgery patients group. In neuraxial anesthesia, temperature monitoring was only 1.5%. The most common reason for not using a temperature monitor was the lack of appropriate equipment (45%). The most common temperature monitoring area was the axillary zone (48%).ConclusionParticipants were aware of the importance of temperature monitoring but concluded that it was not sufficient in practice. Where and how to measure core temperature in awake patients is a controversial issue. Furthermore, the accuracy of measurements in neuraxial anesthesia should be discussed. Interestingly, raising awareness about this issue was not effective in the resolution of the problem. Still, in order to keep this issue up to date, the importance of perioperative temperature monitoring should be emphasized more frequently in anesthesia meetings and education programs.