bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA‐Based Strategies for Site‐Specific Doping
Authors: Bai Ruobing , Du Yanhao , Xu Anqin , Hu Yang , Erickson John R , Hui Liwei , Chen Jun , Xiong Feng , Liu Haitao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of novel doping strategies compatible with high‐resolution patterning and low cost, large‐scale manufacturing is critical to the future development of electronic devices. Here, an approach to achieve nanoscale site‐specific doping of Si wafer using DNA as both the template and the dopant carrier is reported. Upon thermal treatment, the phosphorous atoms in the DNA diffuse into Si wafer, resulting in doping within the region right around the DNA template. A doping length of 30 nm is achieved for 10 s of thermal treatment at 1000 °C. Prototype field effect transistors are fabricated using the DNA‐doped Si substrate; the device characteristics confirmed that the Si is n‐doped. It is also shown that this approach can be extended to achieve both n‐type and p‐type site‐specific doping of Si by using DNA nanostructures to pattern self‐assembled monolayers. This work shows that the DNA template is a dual‐use template that can both pattern Si and deliver dopants.
Stimuli‐Responsive Biomaterials: Scaffolds for Stem Cell Control
Authors: Gelmi Amy , Schutt Carolyn E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStem cell fate is closely intertwined with microenvironmental and endogenous cues within the body. Recapitulating this dynamic environment ex vivo can be achieved through engineered biomaterials which can respond to exogenous stimulation (including light, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, and magnetic fields) to deliver temporal and spatial cues to stem cells. These stimuli‐responsive biomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds to investigate stem cell response in vitro and in vivo, and offer many pathways of cellular manipulation: biochemical cues, scaffold property changes, drug release, mechanical stress, and electrical signaling. The aim of this review is to assess and discuss the current state of exogenous stimuli‐responsive biomaterials, and their application in multipotent stem cell control. Future perspectives in utilizing these biomaterials for personalized tissue engineering and directing organoid models are also discussed.
Leveraging Immunotherapy with Nanomedicine
Authors: Mittelheisser Vincent , Banerjee Mainak , Pivot Xavier , Charbonnière Loïc J. , Goetz Jacky , Detappe Alexandre 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsiderable progress has been made in the development and understanding of immunotherapy, notably with the emergence of novel chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR‐T) which changed the perception of personalized therapy. However, cell‐based immunotherapy not only lacks therapeutic efficiency in various solid cancers but also raises concerns related to important side effects. The convergence of immunotherapy and nanomedicine is timely as nanoparticles can now be easily conjugated to various antibodies and peptides enabling outstanding abilities to target specific cell populations in vivo. Here, the state of the art of immunonanotherapy that activates the immune system in vivo, by acting either as vaccines or as tumor microenvironment (TME) activators is described. Then, the development of ex vivo immune‐cell surface labeling strategies is discussed to exploit immune cells as trojan horses and thereby improving the delivery of the therapeutics in the TME. Such a strategy is likely to considerably amplify the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Impacts of variable irrigation regimes on cotton yield and fiber quality
Authors: Masasi Blessing , Taghvaeian Saleh , Boman Randy , Moriasi Daniel N. , Starks Patrick J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater scarcity threatens the sustainability of irrigated cotton production in many regions around the world. Consequently, there is a critical need to identify and test strategies that optimize water use for cotton production. This 4‐yr study evaluated the effects of three irrigation treatments (full irrigation [FI], reduced irrigation [RI] at 75% of FI, and no irrigation [NI]) on cotton yield, fiber quality, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) at a field that relies on groundwater for irrigation in west‐central Oklahoma. Compared with FI, lint and seed yields did not change significantly under RI. The reductions in lint and seed yields were significant at 64 and 65% under NI, respectively, compared with FI. No significant differences in fiber quality were observed among the irrigation treatments. In addition, reducing irrigation application improved the IWUE of lint and seed by 9 and 8%, respectively. Based on these findings, reducing groundwater extraction by 25% appears to be an effective strategy to achieve water conservation while limiting negative impacts on yield quantity and quality for cotton production in west‐central Oklahoma.
Cross‐stream migration of nonspherical particles in second‐order fluid flows: Effect of flow profiles
Authors: Tai Cheng‐Wei , Wang Shiyan , Narsimhan Vivek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe investigate the cross‐stream migration of spheroidal particles in a weakly viscoelastic fluid under various unbound parabolic flows (circular and elliptic tube flow, as well as 2D slit flow). The viscoelastic fluid investigated is a second‐order fluid under the co‐rotational limit. Our theory finds that the different flow profiles do not significantly alter the migration speed of particles toward the flow centerline, but drastically alter their orientation dynamics. At long times, prolate particles align along the flow direction in a circular tube flow, but undergo log‐rolling in a 2D slit flow. We explain the origin of these orientation dynamics, and explain why such behavior can give rise to a similar cross‐stream migration velocity. We lastly examine particle motion in an unbound elliptic tube flow with unequal velocity curvature in the two lateral directions. We quantify the conditions under which the long‐time particle orientation changes from log‐rolling to flow‐alignment.
Materialuntersuchungen zu 3‐D‐gedruckten Kernen für Dünnglaspaneele
Authors: Köhler Mirko , Pfarr Daniel , Lohr Katharina , Tasche Silke , Louter Christian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDieser Aufsatz beschreibt ein neuartiges Konzept für den Einsatz von Dünnglas im Glas‐ und Fassadenbau. Einleitend werden grundlegende Eigenschaften von Dünnglas vorgestellt und Konsequenzen für den Einsatz im Bauwesen abgeleitet. Im Weiteren wird die Idee einer möglichen innovativen Anwendung von Dünnglas präsentiert. Vielversprechend erscheint der Einsatz in Dünnglaspaneelen mit 3‐D‐gedruckten, eingeklebten und aussteifenden Kunststoffkernen. Erste kleinmaßstäbliche Prototypen und Designstudien wurden in einer Reihe von Masterarbeiten an der TU Delft untersucht. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bestätigten das Potenzial von Dünnglas im Bauwesen. Aktuelle Untersuchungen am Institut für Baukonstruktion der TU Dresden beinhalten die Fortführung und Weiterentwicklung dieser Arbeiten. Auszugsweise werden hier erste Ergebnisse für 3‐D‐gedruckte Kunststoffkerne im Hinblick auf Material‐ und drucktechnische Eigenschaften sowie Anforderungen vorgestellt. Erkenntnisse zur reproduzierbaren Druckqualität und Formfindung ergänzen anschaulich die Ausführungen. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Dünnglaspaneele mit eingeklebten, 3‐D‐gedruckten Kernen ein vielversprechendes Konzept für den Bau von leichten Fassadenelementen darstellen.
Morphological features of the lateral plantar ligament of the transverse metatarsal arch
Authors: Edama Mutsuaki , Takabayashi Tomoya , Hirabayashi Ryo , Yokota Hirotake , Sekine Chie , Inai Takuma , Matsuzawa Kanta , Otsuki Tomofumi , Maruyama Sae , Kageyama Ikuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to elucidate the morphological characteristics of the lateral Lisfranc ligament in a large sample. This investigation examined 100 legs from 50 cadavers. Each of the lower limbs was dissected to identify the plantar aspect of the transverse metatarsal arch, and morphological characteristics of the lateral plantar ligament were assessed, including the length, width, and thickness of the fiber bundles. The majority of plantar ligaments originated from the base of M5 and the plantar aspect of the lateral cuneiform (LC). The lateral plantar ligament could be classified into three types: Type I, a band‐like fiber bundle originating from the base of M5 to the LC (41%); Type II, originating from the base of M5 and the plantar aspect of LC and mostly connected the blending the fiber bundles of the tibialis posterior (TP) and long plantar ligament (LPL) (21%); and Type III, with no ligaments originating from the base of M5 and plantar aspect of the LC (38%). The morphological characteristics of Type I lateral plantar ligament were as follows: length, 31.8 ± 3.7 mm; width, 2.3 ± 1.0 mm; and thickness, 0.2 ± 0.3 mm. The morphology of the lateral plantar ligament showed variation, originating from the base of M5 and the plantar aspect of LC most commonly, but this was not the case in 38% of limbs. The findings suggest that the lateral plantar ligament might play a role in the transverse tarsal arch, indicating a cooperative mechanism with the TP and LPL.
Cervicofacial flap for reconstruction of squamous cell carcinoma on the right cheek: A case report
Authors: Ebisudani Shogo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReconstruction of the cheek to the lower eyelid can be performed with the use of a cervicofacial flap in patients that may not otherwise be able to sustain a long surgical procedure. In addition, the cervicofacial flap is superior in terms of color and texture match.
An energy‐aware method for task allocation in the Internet of things using a hybrid optimization algorithm
Authors: Ren Xiaojun , Zhang Zhijun , Chen Shaochun , Abnoosian Karlo 
Published: September 2020

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) is utilized as an emerging sample for defining the future of technology in which physical items like sensors, radio‐frequency identification tags, mobile phones, actuators, and so on, can have interaction together and have cooperation with their neighbors for obtaining joint objectives. The performance of the deployed tasks and applications on the network is considered as one of the critical goals in this model, which is achieved by the task allocation mechanism. Task allocation in the IoT is so complicated due to the intricate connection among machines. The task allocation problem is considered as an NP‐hard problem, so a new task allocation algorithm in the IoT environment is proposed using the combination of Simulated Annealing (SA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Also, the issues of the PSO algorithm, such as getting stuck in local optimization and not achieving an optimal response, forced us to present a method based on the combination of SA and the PSO algorithms. The results of simulation in MATLAB environment illustrated that the suggested method performs better compared to the PSO and SA‐based methods.
An efficient deadline constrained and data locality aware dynamic scheduling framework for multitenancy clouds
Authors: Ru Jia , Yang Yun , Grundy John , Keung Jacky , Hao Li 
Published: September 2020

SummaryScheduling and resource allocation in clouds is used to harness the power of the underlying resource pool. Service providers can meet quality of service (QoS) requirements of tenants specified in Service Level Agreements. Improving resource allocation ensures that all tenants will receive fairer access to system resources, which improves overall utilization and throughput. Real‐time applications and services require critical deadlines in order to guarantee QoS. A growing number of data‐intensive applications drive the optimization of scheduling through utilizing data locality in which the scheduler locates a task and ensures the task's relevant data to be on the same server. Choosing suitable scheduling mechanisms for running applications that support multitenancy has consistently been a major challenge. This work proposes a new adaptive Deadline constrained and Data locality aware Dynamic Scheduling Framework “ 3DSF“ that orchestrates different schedulers based on varied requirements. This framework considers tenants' deadline‐based QoS requirements, cloud system's performance and a method of resource allocation to improve resource utilization, system throughput and reduce jobs' completion time. 3DSF contains: (a) a real‐time, preemptive, deadline constrained job scheduler, (b) an optimized data locality aware scheduler, (c) an improved Dominant Resource Fairness greedy resource allocation approach, and (d) an adaptive suite to integrate above‐mentioned schedulers together.
Exploring the contextual role of pain severity as a moderator of the relationship between activity patterns and the physical and mental functioning of women with fibromyalgia
Authors: Suso‐Ribera Carlos , Catalá Patricia , Ecija Carmen , Sanromán Lucía , López‐Gómez Irene , Pastor‐Mira Ángeles , Peñacoba‐Puente Cecilia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionIn past years, and mostly due to contextual psychological therapies, it has been argued that particular behavioural patterns may be useful in certain contexts, but not in others. The goal of this study has been to explore whether pain severity is indeed a contextual factor influencing the relationship between two controversial activity patterns, namely pacing and persistence, and functionality in people with fibromyalgia.MethodsParticipants were 231 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. A multivariate regression was conducted to explore the moderating role of pain severity in the relationship between activity patterns and outcomes (i.e. fibromyalgia impact and depressive symptoms).ResultsExcessive persistence (interaction: t = −2.45, p = 0.015) and pain‐contingent persistence (interaction: t= −2.13, p = 0.034) were more strongly associated with fibromyalgia impact when people experienced less severe pain. Pacing for pain reduction was only significantly related to depressive symptoms at very severe (M = 10) pain levels (interaction: β= −0.18, t= −2.73).ConclusionsThe results here reported suggest that the context in which behaviour occurs is relevant when the utility of certain behaviour patterns is considered. The clinical implications of this are clear, as it would justify adapting the recommendations given to patients according to their pain severity status.SignificanceThis manuscript shows that some activity patterns (i.e. pacing to conserve energy for valued activities) might be advisable regardless of pain levels. Conversely, some patterns might be especially recommended (i.e. pain‐reduction pacing) or inadvisable (i.e. excessive and pain‐contingent persistence) depending on pain levels (i.e. severe and mild pain, respectively).
Simultaneous Determination of Lipophilic Vitamin Esters Using Square‐wave Voltammetry at the Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Jashari Granit , Musliu Arbër , Sýs Milan , Arbneshi Tahir , Mikysek Tomáš , Švancara Ivan , Metelka Radovan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSimple and rapid voltammetric method for simultaneous determination of all‐trans‐retinyl acetate (RAc) or all‐trans‐retinyl palmitate (RPa) and α‐tocopheryl acetate (α‐TOAc) has been proposed. The respective method was based on the anodic oxidation of the compounds of interest by square‐wave voltammetry in acetone with 0.1 mol L−1 LiClO4 at the glassy carbon electrode. The procedure was also beneficial with respect to simple dissolution of sample directly in the supporting electrolyte. The all‐trans‐retinyl acetate could be quantified in two linear ranges (3.1–140 μmol L−1 and 140–400 μmol L−1) and α‐tocopheryl acetate in linear range 5.3–400 μmol L−1 with detection limits of 0.9 μmol L−1 RAc (or 0.8 μmol L−1 RPa) and of 1.6 μmol L−1 α‐TOAc. Selected commercial cosmetic products were analysed achieving satisfactory recoveries.
Combined inverse Fourier transformation of magnetic resonance andintensity‐curvaturefunctional images
Authors: Ciulla Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research reports an image processing technique used to merge Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) with their intensity‐curvature functional (ICF). Given a two‐dimensional MR image, six 2D model polynomial functions were fitted to the image, and six ICF images were calculated. The MR image and its ICF were direct Fourier transformed. The phase of MR image is estimated pixel‐by‐pixel as arctangent of ratio between imaginary and real components of k‐space and is called phase ratio. The phase of ICF is the phase of inverse Fourier transformation and is called base phase. The two values of phase were summed up and used to reconstruct ICF images through inverse Fourier transformation. The reconstructed ICF image is the combination of MR and ICF. Data obtained with T2‐MRI and MRA indicate that the image processing technique elucidates two findings: improvement of vessel detection in T2‐MRI; and change of the contrast of T2‐MRI and MRA. ICF and reconstructed ICF images are sharper than T2‐MRI and MRA are. The degree of sharpness of such images causes improvement of vessel detection and also changes the contrast. The practical implication and potential clinical benefit that the technique offers is to allow expansion of T2‐MRI functionality because reconstructed ICF images allow detection and highlight of either hypo‐intense tissue or hyper‐intense tissue.
Development of antiviral and bacteriostatic chitosan‐based food packaging material with grape seed extract for murine norovirus, Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua control
Authors: Amankwaah Collins , Li Jianrong , Lee Jaesung , Pascall Melvin A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEdible coatings and films based on chitosan, and containing grape seed extract (GSE), were developed and their activities tested against murine norovirus (MNV‐1), Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli K12. Grape seed extract concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2.5% dissolved in deionized water resulted in MNV‐1 plaque reductions (p < .05) of 1.75, 2.60, and 3.58 log PFU/ml, respectively after 3 hr. Two percent (w/w) chitosan solutions incorporated with 2.5% and 5% GSE also significantly (p < .05) reduced MNV‐1 titers by 2.68 and 4.00 log PFU/ml, respectively after 3 hr. Additionally, incorporation of the GSE into the chitosan films also showed antimicrobial efficacy against MNV‐1, L. innocua, and E. coli K12. Chitosan films containing 5%, 10%, and 15% GSE caused MNV‐1 reductions of 0.92, 1.89, and 2.27 log PFU/ml, respectively, after 4 hr of incubation. Also, after 24 hr, the 5% and 10% GSE films reduced MNV‐1 titers by 1.90 and 3.26 log PFU/ml, respectively, while the 15% GSE film reduced MNV‐1 to undetectable levels. For E. coli K12, there were reductions of 2.28, 5.18, and 7.14 log CFU/ml after 24 hr exposure by the 5%, 10%, and 15% GSE films, respectively. Also, L. innocua counts were reduced by 3.06, 6.15, and 6.91 log CFU/ml by the 5%, 10%, and 15% GSE films, respectively. This study demonstrated that GSE in edible films and coatings is effective against the organisms tested, and this shows that they are effective against foodborne microbes of public health concerns.
The virtuous cycle of diversity
Authors: Srikant Chethan , Pichler Shaun , Shafiq Asad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBased on propositions from the resource dependency theory (RDT), we seek to understand how firms respond to social performance problems through diversity. We consider the impact of negative customer and employee incidents as social performance problems because these incidents represent two critical stakeholders, and because of the potential for such problems to cause a wider impact on the affected firms. Using firm‐level longitudinal data across four‐time points and a cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM) to test our hypotheses, as well as a variety of supplemental analyses, we find that social performance problems relate to increases in board diversity. We also find that social performance problems act as a trigger for a virtuous cycle such that increases in board diversity are related to the subsequent adoption of diversity management practices, which are related to subsequently higher levels of board diversity. We contribute to the theory on diversity management by demonstrating how firms seek diversity as a response to social performance problems. Further, we connect board diversity to the adoption of diversity management practices, which are often studied independently, and demonstrate the mutually positive influence they have on each other. We discuss implications for theory and human resource management.
Applying Systems Thinking to Frame and Explore a Test System for Product Verification; a Case Study in Large Defence Projects
Authors: Haugen Rune André , Mansouri Mo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe test system is a vital part of delivering a verified product to the end customer. The test system used in Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace (KDA) to test missile products today needs to change to be able to cope with future requirements for faster project execution and running more projects simultaneously. This article uses a Systems Thinking approach to see the bigger picture and to ensure understanding of the entire problem domain. The system consists of the following structural elements: Data Preparation System, Mission Planning System, Simulators, Data Analysis System and Storage System. The stakeholders of the test system are testers, system owners, project managers, company, customers, government and suppliers. Several possible value added processes are foreseen to make this necessary transition; automation of test execution and test analysis to avoid bottlenecks, verification on both core product and adaption product level for modularity, combining test arena input over different systems/sub‐systems/components for re‐use of data, and Machine Learning only to trigger necessary manual analysis. These changes will influence the system in several ways and levels, which a possible implementation need to consider. Regarding aspects like facilities, environment, security and safety not to cause issues for the changes in question is important. The main steps in the current test process is that the test system will provide scenario data to the tester to run test scenario to generate test results to the analyzer to perform test results analysis to achieve a verified product. The test structure is a limiting factor in the process of ensuring test maturity. The analysis structure is a limiting factor in reaching the desired verification level. The test structure and analysis structure are leverage points of the test system, which can significantly change the test system. The test system should have an automated test execution and test results analysis process, not requiring tedious manual operations. The automated test process should further introduce Machine Learning to change the focus of everything to managing the exceptions. KDA will increase its probability of success in future projects by applying the proposed changes to its test system.