bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing HSSE Competence Framework - Process, Lessons and Results
Authors: Claessen Fons , Samoylova Olga 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Outstanding HSSE performance is an ambitious goal set forth by the energy sector globally. Salym Petroleum has developed variety of systems and rules to achieve an incident free oil production over the past decades. However, we continue to miss our Goal Zero delivery.
In many interventions and investigations on unsafe activities or incidents we discover that systems and rules are not consistently followed by responsible personnel.
In such cases people's attitude, knowledge and skills are considered the deficient line of defense. And that is why trained and competent employees are integral to our critical safety barriers against a major hazard release.
To become successful in Company's Goal Zero pursuit we need to be 100% sure that our people know, understand and have the right leadership and technical skills for the HSSE critical activities and roles they perform, manage or supervise.
The above is achieved through HSSE Competence Framework implementation.
The paper will provide progress overview on the four corner stones of the Company's HSSE competence process:
– compliance, – development, – assurance, – digitalization.
We will share the lessons and results of our current practical and focused efforts to make all four elements work including our own digital solution.
Salym Petroleum developed and launched a unique HSSE Competence portal which combines the national legislation rules, internal corporate expectations and shareholder's best practice approach.
The portal supports each step of the HSSE Competence process:
– sets competence matrix requirements for the entire Company; – links them with the employees' individual competence profiles/accounts; – contains a calendar to schedule and signup for the training and assessment events; – provides a reporting tool.
Searching Procedure for the Optimum Reservoir Fluid Sampling Towards Production Logging Validity Improvement
Authors: Karpov Valery Borisovich , Ryazanov Arsentiy Alexeyevich , Parshin Nikolay Vasilyevich , Sleptsov Dmitry Igorevich , Lysova Dina Anatolyevna , Buyanov Anton Vitalyevich , Buzin Pavel Vladimirovich , Gazizov Ruslan Rashidovich , Neznanov Vladimir Evgenievich 
Published: September 2020

Summary
An efficient hydrocarbon field development requires implementing the current field production control accompanied by various surveys. Historically, classic approaches do not yield favourable results and ensure high information value,which results in the necessity for state-of-the-art technologies. One of these technologies could be the production logging using markers.
The goal of this article is to study various sampling techniques for convergence of quantum markers identification results during the horizontal well injection logging. The present article is dedicated to the studies comprising of a comprehensive reservoir fluid sample analysis with subsequent production logging evaluation of a multi-stage horizontal well at Sredne-Nazymskoye oilfield.
The article covers the oil and water inflow monitoring in a horizontal well treated with 15-stage fracturing. The technology, which serves a basis for this analysis, involves using a marked proppant with polymer coating. Flow profiles are evaluated by calculating the markers of different codes in a fluid sample, and every signature (code) corresponds to a particular interval where a man-made crack is induced.
For this study the special sampling schedule was made involving an extensive reservoir fluid sampling in order to perform representative selection and making references to external and engineering factors such as well operation conditions, flow pattern, flow rate, volume components, etc.
Test review allowed getting a general idea of how reservoir fluid will be sampled at non-conventional deposits qualified as the hard-to-recover reserves in order to improve production logging information value both at qualitative and quantitative levels.
Novel Approach for Produced Water Utilisation in Multi-Stage Fracturing Treatments in Western Siberia
Authors: Kiselev Nikita , Vernigora Denis , Borisenko Alexey , Rapeyko Vitaly , Zotov Kirill , Miklin Yuriy , Prokhorov Alexey , Denis Zolnikov 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Massive implementation of multi-stage fracturing treatments increased demands in water. Huge number of oil fields haven't got access to the fresh water sources. This fact forces service companies to utilize high TDS water sources for hydraulic fracturing. Currently available solutions for preparation of crosslinked fluid based on high TDS water involve implementation of organometallic systems which are too expensive and operationally complicated. This paper describes approach for preparation of borate- based fluid utilising high TDS water.
Thorough laboratory optimization of the fracturing fluid has been performed and novel approach for fracturing fluid composition has been involved to develop next generation of robust borate fracturing fluids being able to withstand high TDS of the water. Fluid was evaluated in terms of both stability and viscosity recovery after application of high shear stress.
Optimized fluid formulation has been used during multi-stage fracturing treatment with 7 stages. High TDS water of Cenomanian formations was utilized as a water source. During treatments as high as 700 kgPA proppant concentration has been reached.
During optimization novel approach involving implementation of low boron containing fluid with massive content of alkali was introduced. Low boron content is required for preventing syneresis in high ionic strength media caused by Debye-Huckel effect. High alkali concentration meantime required to keep fluid at high pH and avoid weakening of bonds between borates and polymer.
Too high alkali concentration worsens viscosity recovery after high shear stress application and this fact dictates implementation of both immediate and delayed alkali compounds.
Pre-job water treatment is also important. Addition of reagents being able to convert natural radical oxidizing aids in less damaging forms is imperative.
During the treatment fluid was additionally tuned to reduce frictional losses in tubing by compensating effect of proppant on the rate of crosslinking components diffusion. And treatment design was modified to address increased efficiency of the fluid caused by filter-cake enhancement by delayed alkali.
The study showed availability of approaches which allow to implement high TDS water sources for preparation of borate crosslinked fluids confirmed by successful field implementation. These practices can be widely used in industry for performing multi-stage fracturing treatments in areas with lack of fresh water sources and to shorten water preparation cycle time.
Intensive Fracture Cluster Completion Strategy using Microemulsion Flowback Technology in a Daqing Tight Oil Field Application: Case Study
Authors: Yang Xiaoling , Qiu Bilan , Qi Dunke , Lv Deqing , He Jian , Zhou Shubo , Wang Zichao , Han Rong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A case study is presented discussing a specific completion strategy applied in the Daqing oil field, Block Long26, and the outskirts of tight oil wells. An alternative fracture completion method and enhanced flowback technology were used to develop these tight oil fields. The methodology applied resulted in improved efficiency of the fracture completion strategy and post-stimulation flowback, which reduced operational time and related costs. Optimized fracture cluster spacing length was determined based on the operational time efficiency and engineered fracture completion design. Laboratory testing was performed to select fluid recipes, and field trials were performed for the correlated custom-made microemulsion technology, which enhanced post-fracture flowback to shorten operational time and increase the return on investment ratio and production. Field results and post-fracture completion production are promising.
Several post-fracture completion production surveys have been applied in the Daqing field, Block Long26. The most popular completion strategy applied in this field involves using less than three perforation clusters in each fracture stage, applied using multiple, horizontal fracture stages, with longer and (normally) much greater fracture spacing length, thus requiring less fracture cluster treatments along the horizontal laterals. After stimulation, normally, additional days are necessary to observe the oil drop showing; thus, alternative flowback technology is necessary to enhance post-stimulation flowback to help improve the return on investment ratio.
Limited entry fracture and/or extreme limited entry fracture technology were part of the intensive fracture cluster completion strategy to benefit fracture completion and production. Field operations involved doubling the current perforation and fracture clusters in one fracture stage. Laboratory methods were used to select the appropriate mircoemulsion additives to form a fracturing fluid recipe to aid oil production and enhance flowback.
Application of Oscillation Rheology Method to Studying Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Hiliazitdzinau Tsimur Donalovich , Valenkov Andrei Mikhailovich , Kazak Maksim Vasilyevich , Panin Sergey Igorevich 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, rheological properties of fracturing fluid samples on polymer and non-polymer basis are studied. The interdependence between effective viscosity, viscoelastic properties and the proppant carrying capacity of the studied composite systems is shown. The advantage of using the method of oscillatory rheometry in the amplitude sweep mode when predicting the sedimentation rate of proppant is observed. The possibility of using this method to study viscoelastic properties of fracturing fluids,both on the basis of classical and alternative gelling agents, was experimentally confirmed.
Large-Scale Experiments on Slug-Length Evolution in Long Pipes
Authors: Kjølaas Jørn , Unander Tor Erling , Wolden Marita , Schümann Heiner , Leinan Paul Roger , Smith Ivar Eskerud , Shmueli Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Summary
We present a unique set of two- and three-phase slug-flow experiments conducted in a 766-m-long, 8-in. pipe at 45-bara pressure, using Exxsol™ D60 fluid (ExxonMobil Chemical, Houston, Texas, USA) as the oil phase and nitrogen as the gas phase. The first one-half of the pipe was horizontal, while the second one-half was inclined by 0.5°. A total of 10 narrow-beam gamma densitometers were mounted on the pipe to study flow evolution, and in particular slug-length development.
The results show that the mean slug length initially increases with the distance from the inlet, but this increase slows down, and the mean slug length typically reaches a value between 20 and 50 diameters at the outlet. At low mixture velocities (&lt;3 m/s), the slug-length distributions tend to be extremely wide, sometimes with standard deviations approaching 100%. The longest slugs that we observed were more than 250 pipe diameters (50 m). At higher mixture velocities (&gt;3 m/s), the slug-length distributions are in general narrower. The effect of the water cut (WC) on the slug-length distribution is significant but complex, and it is difficult to establish any general trends regarding this relationship. Finally, it was observed that slug flow often requires a very long distance to develop. Specifically, in most of the slug-flow experiments, the flow regime 57 m downstream of the start of the horizontal section was not slug flow.
Single-Stage Stimulation of Anhydrite-Rich Carbonate Rocks Using Chelating Agent: An Experimental and Modeling Investigation
Authors: Mahmoud Mohamed , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Aljawad Murtada Saleh , Ali Abdulwahab , Al-Nakhli Ayman 
Published: September 2020

SummaryCalcium sulfate (anhydrite) exists in most of the carbonate reservoirs, and its content can reach more than 20%. The high content of anhydrite affects the efficiency of the acidizing process because of the low solubility of calcium sulfate in different acids. Carbonate stimulation, matrix acidizing, or acid fracturing is carried out mostly using hydrochloric acid (HCl)-based fluids. The solubility of calcium sulfate in HCl or HCl-based fluids and organic acids is very low.In this study, a new formulation was developed to stimulate carbonate rocks with high anhydrite content. A formulation was developed to dissolve both anhydrite and carbonate at the same time. Anhydrite dissolution was achieved by converting anhydrite to calcite using the newly developed formulation. This treatment can be conducted in a single stage, and the formulation consists of a high pH chelating agent such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in addition to potassium carbonate as a converter. Coreflooding experiments were conducted for carbonate rocks with varying anhydrite content. The effluent samples of the coreflooding experiments were analyzed for cations and anions concentration using inductively coupled (IC) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) measurements. Computed tomography scans were conducted to show the wormholes generated in the samples. Rock mineralogical analysis using X-ray diffraction, thin section, and the QEMSCAN® automated mineralogy solution (FEI Company, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA) was conducted as well. The reaction kinetics were investigated using a rotating disk apparatus (RDA) using a disk that consists of almost 24% anhydrite and 71% dolomite. Also, a two-scale continuum model was built to simulate the reaction between the new formulation and carbonate rocks. The model could capture the experimental outcomes such as the number of pore volumes (PV) to break through and the shape of the wormholes. This provided confidence in the reaction parameters obtained because the model could reproduce the experimental outcomes.Coreflooding experiments showed that the new formulations were very effective in stimulating carbonate rocks with high anhydrite content in a single stage. The effluent analysis showed high sulfate concentration that indicates the dissolution of anhydrite compared to conventional acid treatments. Reaction kinetics results showed that the new formulation increased the reaction rate with anhydrite through a mass transfer reaction regime. The model reproduced the wormholing behavior obtained from the experiments, indicating that the branched wormhole was due to the anhydrite conversion.
Interaction Kinetics of Peptide Lipids-Mediated Gene Delivery
Authors: Zhao Yinan , Zhao Tianyi , Du Yanyan , Cao Yingnan , Xuan Yang , Chen Huiying , Zhi Defu , Guo Shutao , Zhong Fangli , Zhang Shubiao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: During the course of gene transfection, the interaction kinetics between liposomes and DNA is speculated to play very important role for blood stability, cellular uptake, DNA release and finally transfection efficiency.Results: As cationic peptide liposomes exhibited great gene transfer activities both in vitro and in vivo, two peptide lipids, containing a tri-ornithine head (LOrn3) and a mono-ornithine head (LOrn1), were chosen to further clarify the process of liposome-mediated gene delivery in this study. The results show that the electrostatically-driven binding between DNA and liposomes reached nearly 100% at equilibrium, and high affinity of LOrn3 to DNA led to fast binding rate between them. The binding process between LOrn3 and DNA conformed to the kinetics equation: y = 1.663631 × exp(-0.003427x) + 6.278163. Compared to liposome LOrn1, the liposome LOrn3/DNA lipoplex exhibited a faster and more uniform uptake in HeLa cells, as LOrn3 with a tri-ornithine peptide headgroup had a stronger interaction with the negatively charged cell membrane than LOrn1. The efficient endosomal escape of DNA from LOrn3 lipoplex was facilitated by the acidity in late endosomes, resulting in broken carbamate bonds, as well as the “proton sponge effect” of the lipid.Conclusions: The interaction kinetics is a key factor for DNA transfection efficiency. This work provided insights into peptide lipid-mediated DNA delivery that could guide the development of the next generation of delivery systems for gene therapeutics.
Mindfulness-based interventions for children and adolescents across all settings: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Perrier Marie-France , Gurgel-Juarez Nalia , Flowers Heather Leslie , McCormick Anna , Short Sarah J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose: Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are becoming increasingly popular, the application of MBIs with children and adolescents is still in its infancy. Mapping the existing literature is necessary to help guide pediatric mindfulness interventions. Our purpose is to synthesize the evidence of reported MBIs for children and adolescents with and without physical, mental, and cognitive disorders. Accordingly, we aim to identify trends and gaps in the literature, so that we can provide direction to researchers who seek to advance the evidence base for using MBIs in pediatric populations.Methods: Our search strategy will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework. It will include a comprehensive search of published studies in 7 databases, the grey literature, conference proceedings, and citations of selected articles. Two independent reviewers will evaluate all abstracts and full articles that: i) have a pediatric sample (children 2-17 years), ii) use MBIs to promote development or to remediate underlying disorders, and iii) are written in English or French. We will identify the definitions and concepts from MBIs, categorize accepted studies according to etiology and rehabilitation type, describe intervention methodology, and report outcomes of selected studies.Discussion: Our review will provide a comprehensive overview of the pediatric mindfulness intervention literature to date, involving a range of mental, cognitive and physical outcomes for healthy children and adolescents and for those with a variety of disorders in clinical and institutional settings. We will disseminate results to mindfulness practitioners and provide guidance to future pediatric researchers in their development and application of mindfulness interventions, thereby contributing to the scientific understanding of mindfulness for the ultimate betterment of child and adolescent well-being and life-long functioning. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO does not accept scoping review protocols.
Fingerfoods: a feasibility study to enhance fruit and vegetable consumption in Dutch patients with dementia in a nursing home
Authors: Visscher Annemijn , Battjes-Fries Marieke CE , de Rest Ondine van , Patijn Olga N , Lee Mascha van der , Wijma-Idsinga Nienke , Pot Gerda K , Voshol Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Eating problems are highly prevalent in older patients with dementia and as a consequence, these patients are at greater risk of becoming malnourished. Fingerfoods, snacks that can be picked with thumb and forefinger, could be used to counteract malnutrition in patients with dementia. The aim of this feasibility study was to evaluate whether providing fruit and vegetable rich fingerfoods in the form of recognizable and familiar snacks on top of the normal intake was feasible for both patients with dementia and caregivers as a means to increase patients’ nutritional status.Methods Institutionalised patients with dementia (N = 15, 93% female, mean age = 85 years) were included in this feasibility study in the Netherlands. The residents received their regular diet supplemented with fingerfoods, comprising quiches and cakes rich in fruit or vegetables, for 6 weeks. Daily fingerfood consumption together with compensation behaviour at dinner of residents was administered with a checklist and food diaries at the start and end of the intervention as dose delivered. Furthermore, caregivers were asked to fill out a feedback form at the end of the intervention to measure fidelity and appreciation of the intervention. Results Patients consumed on average 1.4 pieces (70 grams) of fingerfoods daily, containing 41 grams of fruit and/or vegetables. Fruit and vegetable consumption increased during the provision of the fingerfoods and the residents seemed not to compensate this intake during the rest of the day. The intervention was generally positively received by the majority of caregivers, depending on the type of fingerfood and state of the resident. Conclusion This feasibility study showed that providing recognizable fruit and vegetable rich fingerfoods to patients with dementia seems feasible for both patients and caregivers and could provide a pragmatic approach to enhance fruit and vegetable consumption and total food intake in institutionalized elderly. In an up-scaled study, effects of fingerfoods on nutritional status and quality of life should be investigated.
Informing urban climate planning with high resolution data: the Hestia fossil fuel CO2&nbsp;emissions for Baltimore, Maryland
Authors: Roest Geoffrey Scott , Gurney Kevin R , Miller Scot M , Liang Jianming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Cities contribute more than 70% of global anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and are leading the effort to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through sustainable planning and development. However, urban greenhouse gas mitigation often relies on self-reported emissions estimates that may be incomplete and unverifiable via atmospheric monitoring of GHGs. We present the Hestia Scope 1 fossil fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions for the city of Baltimore, Maryland – a gridded annual and hourly emissions data product for 2010 through 2015 (Hestia-Baltimore v1.6). We also compare the Hestia-Baltimore emissions to overlapping Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory for 2014. Results The Hestia-Baltimore emissions in 2014 totaled 1487.3 kt C (95% confidence interval of 1,158.9 – 1,944.9 kt C), with the largest emissions coming from onroad (34.2% of total city emissions), commercial (19.9%), residential (19.0%), and industrial (11.8%) sectors. Scope 1 electricity production and marine shipping were each generally less than 10% of the city’s total emissions. Baltimore’s self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions included onroad, natural gas consumption in buildings, and some electricity generating facilities within city limits. The self-reported Scope 1 FFCO2 total of 1,182.6 kt C was similar to the sum of matching emission sectors and fuels in Hestia-Baltimore v1.6. However, 20.5% of Hestia-Baltimore’s emissions were in sectors and fuels that were not included in the self-reported inventory. Petroleum use in buildings were omitted and all Scope 1 emissions from industrial point sources, marine shipping, nonroad vehicles, rail, and aircraft were categorically excluded.Conclusions The omission of petroleum combustion in buildings and categorical exclusions of several sectors resulted in an underestimate of total Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions in Baltimore’s self-reported inventory. Accurate Scope 1 FFCO2 emissions, along with Scope 2 and 3 emissions, are needed to inform effective urban policymaking for system-wide GHG mitigation. We emphasize the need for comprehensive Scope 1 emissions estimates for emissions verification and measuring progress towards Scope 1 GHG mitigation goals using atmospheric monitoring.