bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative X-ray shielding properties of bismuth oxide/natural rubber composites using a Monte Carlo code of PHITS
Authors: Toyen D , Saenboonruang K 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is a material for potential development as a flexible X-ray shielding material, subject to improvement in its attenuation ability as one of the necessary measures to ensure safety for radiation-related workers and the general public. Consequently, this work used Monte Carlo coding and the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS) to simulate the X-ray shielding properties of NR composites that were added with Bi2O3 particles at different Bi2O3 contents (0–50 wt% in 10-wt% increments) and different material thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 cm). The X-ray source used for the simulation was a point source with energy ranges of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 5.0, and 15.0 MeV, respectively, and the detector was assumed to have 100% detection efficiency. The simulated results showed that at lower energies of X-rays (0.05 and 0.1 MeV), the values of X-ray transmission substantially decreased with increasing filler contents and material thicknesses. However, at higher energies of X-rays (0.5, 5.0, and 15.0 MeV), changes in the X-ray transmission ratios for different filler contents and material thicknesses were not as pronounced as for the lower-energy X-rays due to the high penetration ability of the high-energy X-rays. In particular, the highest attenuation ability of the materials obtained in this work was in the NR composites with 50 wt% Bi2O3, which had the values of half value layer (HVL; the thickness required to attenuate the incoming X-ray intensity by 50%) of 0.002, 0.004, 0.324, 0.990 and 1.540 m for X-ray energies of 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 5.0, and 15.0 MeV, respectively. Other parameters including the linear attenuation coefficients (μ) and HVL of all filler contents were also reported and thoroughly discussed in this work.
Effect of zeolite types on properties of polybutylene succinate/polylactic acid films
Authors: Preedanorawut R , Threepopnatkul P , Sittatrakul A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In the current study, the effect of modified zeolite using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane in polybutylene succinate (PBS) and polylactic acid (PLA) blend was investigated. Two types of modified zeolite i.e., zeolite 5A and 13X at 3wt% of polymer blend between PBS and PLA were mixed together in twin-screw extruder and thin-films were produced by cast-film extruder. The thickness of each film is between 50 – 70 micron. Mechanical properties, thermal properties, morphological properties and permeability of oxygen, carbon dioxide as well as water vapour were investigated. Adding of zeolite 5A into PBS/PLA blend was found to increase more tensile strength and Young’s moduluswith the comparison to zeolite 13X whereas the zeolite 13X and 5A had increased the percentage of elongation at break more than PBS/PLA blend. The zeolite 5A and 13X tended to increase the thermal stability of the composite films. Gas permeation results showed that PBS/PLA with zeolite 5A allowed the permeation of carbon dioxide and oxygen more than 13X in composite films. Moreover, water vapour transmissionrate of PBS/PLA with zeolite 5A was higher than the one with zeolite 13X.
UV-protection property of Eri silk fabric dyed with natural dyes for eco-friendly textiles
Authors: Rungruangkitkrai N , Mongkholrattanasit R , Phoophat P , Chartvivatpornchai N , Sirimungkararat S , Wongkasem K , Tuntariyanond P , Nithithongsakol N , Chollakup R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Eri silk (Samia ricini) is a wild silkmoth which has been promoted and supported to culture for textile industry in Thailand. Especially for the recent decade, textile industry was interested to develop eri silk for casual eco-friendly textile style with functional properties. This research aims to study on UV protection property of eri silk fabric dyed with natural dyes from plant extracts and their washing fastness property. The processes included extracting the colorants from Thai plants i.e. natural indigo, Burma padauk bark, Neem bark, etc., mordanting the eri silk yarn with potassium aluminum sulphate, iron (II) sulfate and dyeing with their natural dyes to increase the washing fastness property. Eri silk fabrics were woven by the dyed eri yarn providing an excellent protection (UPF 50+) with a proper shade for making 3 prototype clothing products. The result shows that UPF property of eri silk fabric dyed with Burma padauk bark, Gloden shower seed, Neem bark, Andaman satinwood leave and mordanted with iron (II) sulfate presented highest UPF (>100) with good washing fastness. Three prototype products were designed with color matching with natural dyes and fabricated which were hat, scarf and dress. The first product, hat, made from the hand-weave fabric comprised of Ne 20/2 eri spun silk yarn as a warp yarn and Ne 20/2 eri spun silk yarn that dyed from Burma padauk bark as weft yarns. Second product was scarf which made from Ne 20/2 eri spun silk yarn as a warp yarn and Ne1.2 eri hand-reel silk yarn dyed from natural indigo and Burma padauk bark as weft yarns. The last product was dress which made from Ne 30/2 eri spun silk yarn that dyed from sappen as a warp yarn and Ne 30/2 eri spun silk yarn that dyed from indigo as weft yarns. These eco-friendly eri silk products exhibited excellent functional UV-protection property.
Apatite inducing ability on silk fabric and its ammonium gas adsorptivity
Authors: Thongbai C , Buntham S , Ngamcharussrivichai C , Kashima D P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Silk fabric contains silk fibroin protein which consists of an amino group. This amino group can act as a nucleation site of hydroxyapatite by inducing the Ca2+ ions from surrounding solution at an appropriate pH. To increase the initial Ca2+ ions on the surface of silk fabric, the commercial grade silk fabric was drenched in CaCl2 solution for 12 h, Na2HPO4 solution for 20 min, and CaCl2 for 20 min, respectively. Finally, the fabric was rinsed by deionized water and the drenching processes were repeated for 7 times in order to increase the inducing ability of hydroxyapatite. XRD patterns showed the phases of hydroxyapatite coexisted with monetite. The sample drenched in CaCl2 over 12 h gave more apatite peak intensity which was a result of increased Ca2+ ions over the surface and dot mapping technique with SEM showed the well distribution of both calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) on silk fabric. It is worth noting that hydroxyapatite induced on the surface of silk fabric can enhance the selectivity in ammonia gas adsorption. An ammonia gas adsorption resulted in better performance of silk with hydroxyapatite over raw silk fabric were displayed. These results are promising for development of Thai silk in term of superior ammonia gas adsorption characteristic.
Electromagnetic interaction between talcum particle and topological insulator
Authors: Summueang C , Boonchui S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We identify the electromagnetic interaction between talcum particle and surface of topological insulator which unsatisfied ordinary Maxwell’s equations. For theoretical approach, we use the dyadic green’s function including with the method of an image charge and the topological magneto-electric (TMEP). We describe the electromagnetic response taking into account the property of material in case of the dielectric constant. Our numerical approach demonstrates and discuss the interaction and characteristic of electromagnetic responses between talcum and topological insulator.
Application of polymer blend based on natural rubber latex and acrylic resin as a binder for wall paints
Authors: Worlee A , Homdong N , Hayeemasae N 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, the polymer blends based on natural rubber latex and acrylic resin was prepared. It was then utilized as a binder for paint. The blending ratios between natural rubber latex and acrylic resin were varied from 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, and 70/30 (w/w) where the natural rubber latex was pre-vulcanized prior to be blended with acrylic resin. The investigation was monitored through the physical and mechanical properties of the blends. Highest tensile strength and elongation at break were found at the blending ratio at 30/70 (w/w) of natural rubber latex and acrylic resin. This may be attributed to the compatibility between elastic phase of the natural rubber and hard phase of acrylic resin. When adding higher ratio of natural rubber latex, the tensile strength and elongation at break dropped continuously, indicating inhomogeneity of these two phases. To confirm the compatibility of the blend at 30/70 (w/w), the gel content was also observed. It is clear that such blend completely dissolved in non-polar solvent unlike other blending ratios. Therefore, this blending ratio is highly suggested and appropriate for applying as binder for paint.
A wide energy range neutron shielding material based on natural rubber and boron
Authors: Jumpee Chayanit , Rattanaplome Tithinun , Kumwang Natthaporn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Neutron have been used in many applications. Neutrons have no electric charge and have high penetrating power. Therefore, the use of neutron shielding material is one of the methods to effectively prevent neutron radiation hazard. In this work, neutron shielding materials were designed using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code in order to select proper materials for a wide energy range neutron shielding. Thicknesses of 1 cm and 4 cm were chosen for shielding neutron in the wide energy spectrum (10E-8 - 100 MeV). MCNP simulation results indicated that the best shielding material was 2 layers of 2 cm natural rubber (NR) and 2 cm NR with 20 part per hundred rubber (phr) boron powder. This shielding material can reduce the neutron dose by 17.91 ± 0.09 % with the total macroscopic cross section of 0.042 cm−1. The optimal neutron shielding materials were fabricated. The mechanical properties and aging properties of shielding materials was found to meet the requirement of Thai Industrial Standard (TIS 2377-2551 Rubber flooring). Therefore, the designed shielding material can be utilized to shield against wide energy range neutrons.
Effect of composition ratios and mixing steps on properties of BR/NR/NBR blends and blends foam
Authors: Thongpin C , Jumpathong K , Jaroenjai R , Bunwanna W , Jareanta J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research is aimed to prepare foam from BR/NR/NBR blends which should integrate key property of these three rubbers. BR possesses high abrasion resistance but low tensile strength while NR possesses high tensile strength [1]. The addition of NBR was advantage for non-polar solvent resistance [2]. The effect of the mixing steps of rubber with vulcanizing additives on vulcanization of rubber and on mechanical properties and foaming of BR/NR/NBR were reported. The ratios of BR/NR/NBR were various as 60/20/20, 40/40/20 and 20/60/20. The vulcanizing additives used for rubber compounding were 5 phr ZnO, 2 phr stearic acid, 1.5 phr MBTS and 2 phr sulfur. The first part of the work was to study the effect of mixing step on rubber blends. Compounding system I was carried out by masticated BR, NR and NBR on a two-roll mill after that vulcanizing agent was added consecutively obtaining BR/NR/NBR rubber compounds with various rubber compositions. Rubber compounds were then characterized and vulcanized in order to investigate vulcanizate properties. In System II, three rubbers were mixed separately with required vulcanizing additives on the two-roll mill, obtaining BR, NR and NBR compound containing the same content of vulcanizing agent. Then the compounds were blended to obtain compound blended for the same blend ratios in System I. The blended rubber compounds were then characterized and vulcanized for their properties. In term of rubber blend foaming these two mixing systems were also used to compound the rubbers by addition foaming agent into the compound during mastication or blending of rubber on the two-roll mill. The results showed that mixing step affected the properties of rubber compound and vulcanizate in rubber blend. As various rubbers were mixed in different step resulting in different viscosity and hence affect foaming of rubber and subsequently properties of rubber foam.
Study of rubber composites between natural rubber and Mahogany Shell Powder (MHSP) and potential for pavement block
Authors: Jaroenta J , Siangsawad R , Onkate R , Jearjiratikul V , Thongpin C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This research was aimed to study the feasibility of using mahogany fruit shell powder as filler in rubber and investigated in properties of obtained vulcanized rubber. As mahogany fruit shell contains 75.61% holocellulose, 13.54% lignin and 11.02% extractives [1]. Hence the fruit shell should be able to act as reinforcement in rubber materials [2]. In this study, mahogany fruit shell was milled into small particles with the particle size of approximately 60 micrometres follow by ASTM D 422 - Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils. The particle was characterized for their thermal stability. The morphology of mahogany fruit shell powder, MHSP, was flake like particle and can be used as reinforcement fillers in natural rubber. As NR is generally sensitive to O2 thus ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM, would be laminated on the top of NR/MHSP composites. The rubbers were formulated with efficient vulcanization system and contain 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 phr of MHSP. The rubber compounds were characterized for cure characteristic parameter such as scorch time, cure time, minimum and maximum torque. Rubber vulcanizates were prepared using compression molding and characterized for their morphology, mechanical properties, thermal degradation, hardness and weathering resistance. In order to improve environment stability and abrasion resistance of the NR/MHSP composites, EPDM/MHSP were prepared and laminated on NR/MHSP and vulcanized. The laminated vulcanizated composites possessed the properties follow Thai Industrial Standard for rubber paving blocks could be obtained. The results also showed that NR filled with 50 phr of MHSP in NR and in EPDM gave the properties follow the standard and has high potential for outdoor rubber paving block.
Electrical and Mechanical Properties of PEDOT:PSS Strain Sensor based Microwave Plasma modified Pre-vulcanized Rubber Surface
Authors: Thana K , Petchsang N , Jaisutti R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Poly(3, 4- ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) conductive polymer has been extensively used in various applications including flexible electrode and stretchable sensor. This study reports the electrical and mechanical strain behaviours of PEDOT:PSS deposited on pre-vulcanized rubber substrate, which is modified surface by microwave plasma. The effect of plasma treatment cycles on adhesion of PEDOT:PSS coated pre-vulcanized rubber and conductivity have been investigated. The results show a uniform PEDOT:PSS film on rubber surface after treating with microwave plasma. The electrical conductivity slightly increases by increasing treatment cycles. In addition, an electrical strain and mechanical strain increase up to 60 and 50%, respectively under 4 treatment cycles.
Study on processability and mechanical properties of parawood-powder filled PLA for 3D printing material
Authors: Chansoda K , Suwanjamrat C , Chookaew W 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the development of 3-Dimensional (3D) printing technologies. Among those, material development play an important role in helping the growth of 3D printing technique, which led to more supporting of wide range of applications and user requirements. In that regards, advanced materials are continually developed, i.e. filament filled reinforcing fiber and plastic containing metal granulate or wood powder. Special material supporting 3D printer normally showed an expensive cost. On the other hand, it is well known that the processes involving natural rubber from Para rubber trees produced a large amount of wood a year, which resulted in releasing of an abundant waste from wood processing. Therefore, this work focused on the utilization of parawood powder derived from the furniture industry. The processability of polylactic acid (PLA) filament containing wood powder was investigated. Twin and single-screw extrusion machines were used to produce the composite filaments. Coupling agent and treated method were also studied. The results of this work showed that the maleic anhydride (MAH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) did not have significantly effects in improving the compatibility and processability. In addition, wood contents were found to influence the quality of filament and mechanical properties. Moreover, it was also found that parawood powder can be filled into PLA with approximately 10 wt%.
A 3D-RISM study of water and potassium ion adsorption in Montmorillonite nanoclay
Authors: Ruankaew N , Kristinawati A , Yoshida N , Phongphanphanee S 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the intercalation of water and K+ to interlayer of Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay by using the statistical mechanics theory of molecular liquids or three-dimensional reference interaction site model (3D-RISM). The results from 3D-RISM show that the distribution of water and K+ bound to the MMT’s surfaces with different sites. Moreover, the results from 3D-RISM show the amount of water corresponds to the d-basal spacing of the clay, which are in good agreements with other simulation methods as well as experimental.
Injection-molded polyethylene/natural rubber blends
Authors: Yoksan R 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The present research aims to develop polyethylene/natural rubber (PE/NR) blends, with a weight proportion of PE:NR of 60:40, for injection-molded articles. Two types of PE, i.e. high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) were used. The blends were fabricated by melt processes and then converted into dumbbell-shaped specimens using an injection molding machine. The effect of NR on properties of PE was investigated. The blends showed lower melt flow ability than the corresponding PE. Although PE/NR blends exhibited lower tensile strength and Young’s modulus than PE, their elongation at break and impact strength tended to be higher. In addition, hardness and heat distortion temperature of PE decreased by blending with NR. The obtained PE/NR blends are thermoplastics, which can be further converted into product prototypes using injection molding process.
Enhancement of the tyre rolling resistance testing machine
Authors: Lakkam S , Tempiem A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Rubber tree is an outstanding product in commercial area of Thailand. Tyre is one of the prominent and downstream products as components in the automotive industry with a high production capacity. While tyres are used widely, a regulation for the rolling resistance of tyres has been set up by the European Commission. Therefore, the operators must test their products. By the high costs for the testing before certification, the researchers realize the limitation of the test equipment suffering with the small and medium enterprises that do not have access to check their tyres. This is the weakness of the tyre industry in Thailand. Therefore, the low-cost of tyre rolling resistance testing machine has been built in accordance with the UNECE Regulation No. 117 which is accepted worldwide. As a result, the in-house tyre rolling resistance testing machine is compared with the imported one in terms of production cost. The budget can be reduced up to 50% since the test equipment can be produced with currently technology in the country. Moreover, this is the self-reliance of technological machinery industry. For the working result, it was found that the vibration level of tyre rolling resistance testing machine consented to the standard ISO 10816. Besides, the experimental results of tyre rolling resistance coefficient is compliance with the requirements UNECE Regulation No. 117 Annex 6 and also verified by the international authority (TUV Rheinland Thailand Ltd). It can reduce the limitation in terms of the testing and also support the economic expansion of the production of quality tyres in the country to be accepted in international level.
Development and influence of tribomechanical properties on magnesium based hybrid metal matrix composites-a review
Authors: Anand N , S Senthil Kumaran 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Composite materials are being widely studied for the last few decades, and it has optimized the day to day applications in the engineering field. In this advancement, the use and development of metal matrices was a significant outcome that concentrated on the addition of many particulate materials in a metal matrix at nano and micro levels. Among these Magnesium, metal matrices are having a high potential, especially in transport, defense, and aircraft industries. Many research works are being carried out to use the capabilities of Magnesium and has provided excellent results. This paper is an overview of the development, processing, and improvement of properties in Magnesium alloys. Various manufacturing processes such as self-propagating high-temperature method, stir casting, laser cladding, and powder metallurgy has been used to develop the magnesium composites for increasing the properties by using various wt% of reinforcements added in the matrix. The improvement in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness and tribological properties such as wear rate is reviewed. The different properties and capabilities of Magnesium alloys such as AZ31, AZ91, and ZE41 is also discussed from the various research works.
Real-space light-reflection mapping of atomically thin WSe2 flakes revealing the gradient local strain
Authors: Guo Yang , Huang Yuan , Du Shuo , Sun Chi , Tian Shibing , Luo Hailan , Liu Baoli , Zhou Xingjiang , Li Junjie , Gu Changzhi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The spatially continuous control of the physical properties in semiconductor materials is an important strategy in increasing electron-capturing or light-harvesting efficiencies, which is highly desirable for the application of optoelectronic devices including photodetectors, solar cells and biosensors. Unlike the multi-layer growth of chemical composition modulation, local strain offers a convenient way to continuously tune the physical properties of a single semiconductor layer, and open up new possibility for band engineering within the 2D plane. Here, we demonstrate that the gradient refractive index and bandgap can be generated in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide flakes due to the effect of thermal strain difference. A highly resolved confocal scanning optical microscopy is used to perform a real-space light-reflection mapping of suspended atomically thin WSe2 flakes at the low temperature of 4.2 K, in which the parabolic light-reflection profiles have been observed on suspended monolayer and bilayer WSe2 flakes. This finding is corroborated by our theoretical model which includes the effect of strain on both the refractive index and bandgap of nanostructures. The inhomogeneous local strain observed here will allow new device functionalities to be integrated within 2D layered materials, such as in-plane photodetectors and photovoltaic devices.