bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol Consumption Does not Modify the Polygenic Risk Score–Based Genetic Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Zhang Minghui , Ru Meng , Zhang Jingning , Wang Ziqiao , Lu Jiayun , Butler Kenneth R. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Couper David J. , Prizment Anna E. , Soori Mehrnoosh M. , Visvanathan Kala , Zahnow Cynthia A. , Joshu Corinne E. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High genetic risk and alcohol consumption ≥1 drink/day are associated with increased breast cancer risk. However, the interaction between alcohol and genetics on breast cancer risk is poorly understood, including in populations not enriched with daily drinkers. We prospectively studied 5,651 White and Black postmenopausal women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Alcohol intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The 313-SNP polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated. Breast cancer cases were ascertained primarily by cancer registry linkage through 2015. Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of PRS and current ethanol intake with breast cancer, and their interaction. Of these individuals, 50.6% were current drinkers, and of them, 50.8% drank &lt;1 drink/week and 12.8% drank &gt;7 drinks/week. A higher PRS was associated with a higher breast cancer risk among White (HR1-SD, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.34–1.65) and Black (HR1-SD, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.96–1.38) women. Positive associations were not observed between current ethanol intake and breast cancer risk (White: HR13 g/week, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98–1.03; Black: HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69–1.00). Among both White and Black women, PRS generally seemed to be positively associated with risk in drinkers and nondrinkers. There was no evidence of a PRS–ethanol intake interaction among White or Black women. Patterns in Black women were similar when using an 89-SNP PRS developed among African ancestry women. In conclusion, in a prospective analysis of White and Black postmenopausal women in a study population not enriched with daily drinkers, our findings suggest that alcohol drinking does not modify the PRS-based genetic risk of breast cancer.
Prevention Relevance: Although our findings suggest that alcohol drinking does not modify the PRS-based genetic risk of breast cancer among White and Black women with lower alcohol intake, nevertheless, women should consider limiting alcohol consumption as a general cancer prevention strategy, as indicated in dietary guidelines.
The Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Koganemaru Shigehiro , Koyama Shohei , Suto Fumitaka , Koga Makito , Inaki Koichiro , Kuwahara Yusuke , Arita Takeo , Hirata Tsuyoshi , Goto Hiroki , Wada Naoya , Kobayashi Maki , Shibutani Tomoko , Okabayashi Tatsuya , Nakamaru Kenji , Kawazoe Akihito , Togashi Yousuke , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Shitara Kohei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), an anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate with a topoisomerase I inhibitor connected by a cleavable linker, has been approved for patients with HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction tumors. This biomarker study assessed HER2 expression and immune cell infiltration in relation to the therapeutic response to T-DXd. This retrospective analysis included samples from patients treated with T-DXd in three clinical trials. We performed RNA sequencing and multiplex IHC on archival tumor samples obtained at baseline, during treatment, and after treatment. Flow cytometry was performed on tumor-infiltrating immune cells freshly isolated from tumor tissues. Samples from 28 patients were included in this study. ERBB2 mRNA levels and CD20+ cell infiltration in tumors were significantly higher at baseline in responders than in nonresponders. Patients were classified into three biological groups based on their baseline tumor/stroma-infiltrating immune cell densities. Two groups reported similar response rates, but a trend was observed toward a shorter progression-free survival in the group with more immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and PD-L1 expression at baseline. T-DXd treatment tended to increase the levels of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and PD1+CD8+ T cells, particularly in responders. Gene expression signatures of CTL and Th cells increased during treatment, whereas signatures related to hypoxia, MYC targets, collagen formation, and IL-10 were downregulated. Our data suggest that HER2 expression levels and baseline tumor microenvironment characteristics correlate with T-DXd efficacy. Furthermore, this treatment may modulate tumor microenvironment immune profiles. Further validation using a larger sample size is warranted.

Significance:
This biomarker study explored HER2 expression levels and immune cell characteristics that may affect response to T-DXd using tumor tissue samples collected from clinical trial participants. The results suggest that HER2 expression levels and tumor characteristics before the initiation of T-DXd may correlate with the efficacy of the drug.
Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Creutzfeldt Claire J. , Bu Julia , Comer Amber , Enguidanos Susan , Lutz Barbara , Robinson Maisha T. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Holloway Robert G. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To provide an update on palliative care needs specific to stroke and provide key points for clinicians and health care systems caring for patients with stroke and their families.

METHODS:
Members of the writing group were chosen to represent the multidisciplinary team of professionals who care for people who have had a stroke. Each member was assigned a topic within their area of expertise, reviewed the literature, and drafted content with a focus on the past decade to complement the 2014 American Heart Association scientific statement on palliative and end-of-life care in stroke.

RESULTS:
Stroke has multidimensional effects on patients and their families because of threats to personhood, prognostic uncertainty, and the need to adapt to functional changes after stroke. Palliative care has evolved as both a specialty and a skillset with a goal to improve communication about goals of care and quality of life for patients and their families that emphasizes a holistic, all-person approach. After stroke, palliative care needs (eg, to address pain and physical, emotional, psychosocial, and spiritual distress) are insufficiently addressed by current models of care. Integrating palliative care principles is fundamental in all stages of stroke and should include strategies to improve communication about prognosis and goals of care, address psychosocial needs such as coping with loss, navigating complex health care systems, and preparing for death when necessary. We also review strategies to address the substantial inequities that exist across sociodemographic and regional strata in the use of life-sustaining treatment and access to specialists in stroke or palliative care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Palliative care needs are common after stroke and should be addressed throughout the illness continuum. Research is urgently needed.
Effects of Allostatic Load on Long-Term Survival After Stroke
Authors: Johnson Nicole Betty , Jones Erica M. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Allostatic load index (ALI) is often utilized to quantify the physiological response to stress. This study assesses the relationship between ALI and its impact on all-cause, cardiovascular, and stroke mortality in individuals with a self-reported history of stroke and within the general National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey sampled population.

METHODS:
Using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (III, 1988–1994) and the 2015 Linked Mortality File, we selected adults aged ≥25 years with self-reported stroke. We computed the weighted prevalence of each ALI category to obtain nationally representative estimates with higher ALI corresponding to a higher stress burden. We evaluated the relationship between ALI category and mortality outcomes using the Cox proportional hazard model, considering the survey design variables and adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, drinking, and smoking status.

RESULTS:
Of 17 284 people screened in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey sample population, 15 567 individuals were included in the study. The ALI distribution was 48.3% ALI ≤1, 21.7% ALI=2, and 30% ALI ≥3. Of 414 individuals with a reported history of stroke, there were 11.8% ALI ≤1, 22.1% ALI=2, and 66.1% ALI ≥3. There was an association between a higher ALI and older age, Black and Mexican American race, and >1 comorbidity in the overall sampled population. In the population with prior stroke, those with ALI ≥3 had 2.7× higher adjusted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.7 [CI, 1.5–4.9]) and 4.5× higher adjusted cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 4.5 [CI, 1.4–14.3]) compared with those with ALI ≤1. In the general sampled National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey population, the ALI ≥3 group had 1.8× higher adjusted stroke mortality (hazard ratio, 1.8 [CI, 1.1–3.1]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Baseline higher ALI is associated with greater all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in stroke survivors and greater stroke mortality in the overall sampled National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey population.
Performance Evaluation of Global Precipitation Datasets in Northern Mexico Drylands
Authors: Esquivel-Arriaga Gerardo , Huber-Sannwald Elisabeth , Reyes-Gómez Víctor M. , Bravo-Peña Luis C. , Dávila-Ortiz Rodrigo , Martínez-Tagüeña Natalia , Velázquez-Zapata Juan A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Precipitation is a fundamental process in the hydrological cycle; hence, reliable and accurate information on the spatiotemporal rainfall distribution is critical for climate change modeling, local decision-making, and the development of climate adaptation policies. In Mexico’s drylands, the rainfall gauge network is highly heterogeneously distributed and frequently with incomplete datasets. Here, we examine how this deficient rainfall information can be best compensated by information derived from global precipitation datasets. We applied a performance evaluation of Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), CFS-2, AgERA5, PERSIANN-CDR, and TerraClimate and compared these data with observed monthly precipitation records (1983–2018) for dryland regions associated with a network of Participatory Social–Ecological Observatories including Mediterranean climate in northwest (NW) Mexico, coastal arid climate in the Sonora Desert, and semiarid climate in the Chihuahua Desert. We compared monthly and annual rainfall of the global datasets with observed data with Pearson’s correlation coefficient, means, standard deviations, root-mean-square errors, and Taylor diagrams. The results indicate that CHIRPS and AgERA5 can reproduce the precipitation cycle at monthly and annual scales; also, the interannual variability is well captured. Our results suggest that for Mexican drylands, global precipitation datasets can be used to understand drought patterns, for hydrological modeling, for local decision-making, and for the development of urgently needed climate adaptation policies.
Broadening of Cloud Droplet Spectra through Eddy Hopping: Why Did We All Have It Wrong?
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In situ aircraft observations in adiabatic and close-to-adiabatic cloudy volumes suggest that cloud droplet spectra are often broader than predicted by growth of a droplet population rising from the cloud base. Cloud turbulence has been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms for the observed spectral broadening. This paper reviews computational studies of the impact of cloud turbulence on the diffusional growth of cloud droplets in adiabatic cloudy volumes. These studies typically apply direct numerical simulation (DNS) or scaled-up DNS approach to represent diffusional growth of cloud droplets embedded within homogeneous isotropic air turbulence. There is also a theory that predicts that the droplet spectral width continuously increases in time because of the individual droplet growth or evaporation within turbulent eddies. This mechanism has been referred to as eddy hopping. This paper expands the discussion in Prabhakaran et al. and illustrates the fundamental flaw of past computational and theoretical studies. These studies do not consider vertical dispersion of droplet positions that leads to growth of droplets that in the mean move upward and to evaporation of those that move downward. The theoretical prediction comes from confusing spectral broadening with the vertical dispersion of droplet positions when periodic lateral boundaries are used in DNS. Computational examples using a stochastic model mimicking eddy hopping show that droplet spectral width does not continuously increase in time, but it saturates at a small spread. Methodologies for appropriate numerical studies of the adiabatic spectral width evolution in natural clouds are discussed.

Significance Statement
The width of the cloud droplet spectrum is an important parameter affecting radiative transfer through a cloudy atmosphere as well as drizzle and rain formation in natural clouds. Past in situ observations over the last several decades show that droplet spectra in undiluted or weakly diluted cloudy volumes are often wider than expected in an adiabatic parcel rising from the cloud base. Cloud turbulence can impact diffusional growth of cloud droplets through the mechanism we refer to as eddy hopping, that is, droplets growing and evaporating in turbulent eddies. That mechanism attracted attention in the last two decades and has been investigated in computational studies of droplet diffusional growth in a turbulent environment. We document a fundamental flaw of those previous studies and suggest a way forward to understand the impact of turbulence on droplet diffusional growth.
Use of Social Media to Source Medical Information Among Parents of Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Patients: A Survey Study
Authors: Sharma Arjun , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Bhatt Jay 
Published: December 2024

Objective: The reach and impact of social media as it pertains to medical information among the parents and guardians of pediatric otolaryngology patients is unknown. This survey-based study investigates the use of social media as a source of medical knowledge in this population. Methods: Parents and guardians visiting a pediatric Otolaryngology clinic located at a tertiary care children’s hospital in southern California from September 2022 to May 2023 were approached for study inclusion. Decision tree and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify patterns of social media usage in association with factors of interest. Results: Of the 400 parents included in the study, most were female (80.0%); 49.5% were 30 to 40 years of age, and 18.8% were <30 years old. Most (90.0%) used social media, and 44.5% actively used it to obtain health information related to care for their children. A large proportion of parents (73.0%) were interested in social media content to better understand their child’s condition, particularly the opportunity to view videos and images of a surgery planned for their child (75.0%). About half (50.5%) would permit their child’s doctor to post about their child on social media, and 53.8% stated they would be more inclined to choose a surgeon who uses social media to educate families about their child’s condition. Conclusion: Most parents/guardians were interested in and had obtained critical medical information on social media, especially content pertaining to their child’s medical condition(s). Analysis of survey responses identified the social media content most valued by parents/guardians of children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. These findings can be used by pediatric otolaryngologists to better understand their patients’ preferences and improve access to health information for their patients on social media, as well as to grow their practices.
Association of Body Image Perception / (Dis)Satisfaction and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in University Students of Health Sciences
Authors: Paim Lisiane Daniela , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo , Garcez Anderson 
Published: December 2024

We aimed to investigate the association of body image perception / (dis)satisfaction with eating disorders symptoms. We conducted a cross-sectional university-based study with 534 students, aged 18 years or older, from a federal higher education institution specializing in health sciences and located in Southern Brazil in 2023. We evaluated eating disorder symptoms using the Brazilian version of the SCOFF screening tool (≥2 symptoms) and body image using a silhouette scale developed for Brazilian adults. The mean age of the sample (78.3% female) was 23.3 (SD = 6.2) years. The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was 53.6% (95% CI: 49.3–57.8). In terms of body image, the prevalence of (dis)satisfaction was 64.6% (95% CI: 60.5–68.7) and of body image distortion was 53.4% (95% CI: 49.1–57.6). Students dissatisfied with their body image due to excess weight were 2.16 times more likely to report eating disorder symptoms (PR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.66–2.80; p < .001). Similarly, students who overestimated their body size were 35% more likely to report eating disorder symptoms (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12–1.63; p = .002). In conclusion, we found a significant association between body image perception / (dis)satisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders in university students of health sciences.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in metastatic lesions of gynecological cancers: a systematic review and head-to-head meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Lixin , Hao Pan , Peng Ruchen 
Published: December 2024

Background 68Ga-labled fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) represents a new and exciting positron emission tomography-computed tomography/magnetic resonance (PET-CT/MR) radiotracer. Purpose To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in metastatic lesions of gynecological cancers (GCs). Material and Methods The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly investigated from inception until 22 December 2023. A head-to-head contrast between 18F-FDG PET/CT as well as 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR for the assessment of GCs was presented by the included studies. A random variable model was employed to examine the sensitivity in detection of lymph node (LN) and peritoneal metastases (PM). Results The pooled sensitivity for 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR and 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymph node metastases (LNM) of GC were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86–1) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.65–0.98), respectively, while the results about peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer were 0.98 (95% CI = 0.93–1) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.55–0.86). Compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT, 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR exhibited a better sensitivity in peritoneal involvement of ovarian cancer with a relative risk of 0.24 (95% CI = 0.09–0.40) and P = 0.002. Conclusion 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR displayed a superior sensitivity over 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic lesions of ovarian cancer. However, there was insufficient evidence to favor the superiority of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR in LNM of CC. Further studies are needed for evaluating primary and metastatic lesions of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR in different GC.
Comparative analysis of low-power versus high-power holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for symptomatic small-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Ding Yue , Liu Haiyong , Du Renji , Sun Zhiwei , Xu Li , Gu Lijuan , Wang Ping , Wang Rong 
Published: December 2024

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of low-power (LP) and high-power (HP) holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with symptomatic small-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods In this prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, men with symptomatic BPH (prostate volume <40 mL, peak urinary flow rate [Qmax] <10 mL/s, International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] ≥18) underwent either LP (24 W) or HP HoLEP (80 W). The primary outcome was IPSS at 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the surgical duration, total laser energy, enucleated prostate weight, patient-reported outcomes, and Clavien–Dindo classification of complications at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Results Eighty-one participants completed the study. LP HoLEP used significantly less energy (22.4 ± 10.4 kJ vs. 58.6 ± 17.8 kJ). Postoperative pain was lower in the LP group at 24 and 48 hours. Both groups displayed significant improvements in outcomes versus baseline including IPSS and Qmax. The incidence of intraoperative complications was similar, though minor capsular perforation occurred exclusively in the HP group (9.8%). Conclusion LP HoLEP produced comparable clinical outcomes as HP HoLEP for small-volume BPH while using less energy, supporting its use for smaller glands.
Exploring the Correlations Between Language Impairments, Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Neuropsychiatric Functions, and Seizure Timing in Children With Self-Limited Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes
Authors: Tin Oğuzhan , Saltık Sema , Kara Halide Çetin , Koyuncu Zehra , Sak Kevser , Sarı Aysun Ayaz , Doğangün Burak , Güler Serhat 
Published: December 2024

Background Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes often face language impairments and central auditory processing difficulties. The correlations between these issues, seizure timing, and neuropsychiatric challenges are not fully understood. This study delves into the connections between language impairments and central auditory processing difficulties in cases with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, examining their links with seizure occurrence and neuropsychiatric function. Materials and Methods Patients with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes were categorized based on seizure timing: group 1 experienced seizures postbedtime, and group 2 prewaking. Both, alongside controls, underwent the Turkish Expressive and Receptive Language Test (TIFALDI) for language skills, and the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests for central auditory processing difficulties. Neuropsychiatric assessments involved the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Conners Parent Rating Scale–Revised Short, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–11. Results The study comprised 56 patients with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ages 6-13) and 32 healthy controls. Both groups significantly lagged behind controls on the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests ( P < .001). In the TIFALDI, the expressive language scores varied between group 1 and controls ( P = .04) but not the receptive language scores or the test’s expressive and receptive language results between group 2 and controls ( P > .05). In the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, group 1 diverged from controls in behavioral and kind and helpful behavior scores ( P = .016 and P = .012). Group 1's Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–11 values surpassed controls’ ( P = .038). Conclusion Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes have a high central auditory processing difficulties prevalence, regardless of seizure timing. Those with postsleep seizures tend to confront expressive language difficulties, alongside issues in prosocial behavior and impulsivity.