bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of work-related musculo-skeletal disorders among adults in Ethiopia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gebreyesus Tsiwaye , Janakiraman Balamurugan , Nigussie Kalkidan , Getnet Moges Gashaw 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders among the working population are a major public health problem, resulting in significant personal and national economic loss. However, in Ethiopia, the cloud of infectious and non-communicable diseases has led to a lack of attention to work-related musculoskeletal disorders and empirical under-representation. This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide the pooled prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its determinant factors among the adult working population in Ethiopia. Method: The electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct index, SCOPUS, PEDro, and Google Scholar will be systematically searched. In addition, the grey literature resources such as databases or websites of dissertations and theses will be searched. The reference list of screened articles will also be hand searched. All observational studies reporting on the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain of any bodily region among adult Ethiopians will be included. Random and quality effects models will be used to calculate pooled prevalence with a 95 % confidence interval. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed. Publication bias and heterogeneity between the included studies will also be assessed and reported. Discussion: The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will provide valid insight into the pooled prevalence of multi-regional work-related musculo-skeletal pain and factors associated to assist policymakers in occupational health and health care sectors. And further, we strongly believe that the data will also immensely help the understanding of the factors associated and in developing evidence-based musculo-skeletal health promotion, work exposure implementations,and prevention programs in workplaces.
Initial experience of complete laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy combined with transvesical laparoscopic excision of distal ureter in patients with upper urinary tract cancer
Authors: Miyake Makito , Nishimura Nobutaka , Aoki Katsuya , Ohmori Chihiro , Shimizu Takuto , Owari Takuya , Hori Shunta , Morizawa Yosuke , Gotoh Daisuke , Nakai Yasushi , Anai Satoshi , Torimoto Kazumasa , Tanaka Nobumich , Fujimoto Kiyohide 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Selecting the best treatment procedure for cancer patients is a challenging task in clinical practice. Here, we report our initial experience of complete laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for patients with upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC).Methods: We reviewed patients with UTUC who underwent complete laparoscopic RNU combined with transvesical laparoscopic excision of the distal ureter using three 5-mm ports. Transvaginal specimen extraction was applied in female patients to reduce incisional pain and improve cosmesis. Peri-operative complications were evaluated using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Postoperative pain was evaluated during hospitalization using a numeric pain rating scale (scales of 1 to 10). Patients who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery combined with open excision of the distal ureter during the same period were included as a control group (conventional RNU) for pain scale evaluation.Results: The novel surgery was successfully completed for all four patients (two males and two females). The mean pneumoperitoneum time for retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy and specimen extraction was 174 min, while the mean pneumovesicum time for the ureteral orifice excision was 88 min. One male patient had bladder leakage at the suture site of the bladder wall, which lasted for two weeks. No patient experienced recurrent disease during the follow-up period. Mild to moderate pain lasted for 5 or 6 days after RNU. A couple of days after surgery, the numeric pain rating scale of complete laparoscopic RNU and conventional RNU group reached its peak level at 3.0 ± 1.8 and 5.3 ± 2.8, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the degree of postoperative pain (P=0.31, Mann Whitney U test).Conclusions: Few studies have reported on transvesical three-port bladder cuff excision for UTUC. Further experience and research are required to determine whether this advanced laparoscopic technique yields better outcomes and has true clinical value.
Effect of Sex Specific differences on Function of Induced Hepatocyte-Like Cells Generated from Male and Female Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
Authors: Ullah Imran , Shin Yurianna , Kim Yeongji , Oh Keon Bong , Hwang Seongsoo , Kim Young-Im , Lee Jeong Woong , Hur Tai-Young , Lee Seunghoon , Seo Kangmin , Ock Sun A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The liver is one of the vital organ involve in detoxification and metabolism. The sex based differences between the functionality of male and female liver has been previously reported i.e. male’s liver are good in alcohol clearance and lipid metabolism, while, female’s liver are better in cholesterol metabolisms. To date, studies on novel drug toxicity have not considered the sex specific dimorphic nature of the liver. However, the use of hepatocyte like cells to treat liver diseases has increased recently.Methods Mouse embryos were isolated from a pregnant female C57BL/6J mouse where mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) were isolated from back skin tissue of each embryo. MEF were transduced with human transcription factors hHnf1α, hHnf4α, and hFoxa3 using lentiviral system. The transduced MEF were further treated with hepatocyte conditioned media followed by its analysis through RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, functional assays and finally Whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis. For in vivo investigation, the mouse hepatocyte-like cells (miHep) were transplanted into CCL4 induced acute liver mouse model.Results In this study, we evaluated the sex specific effect of mouse hepatocyte-like cells (miHep) induced from male and female specific mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We observed miHeps with a polygonal cytoplasm and bipolar nucleus, and found that male miHeps showed higher mHnf4a, albumin secretion, and polyploidization than female miHeps. Transcriptomes from miHeps were similar to those from the liver, especially for Hnf4a of male miHeps. Male Cyps were normalized to those from females, which revealed Cyp expression differences between liver and miHeps. In both liver and miHeps, Cyp 4a12a and Cyp 4b13a/2b9 predominated in males and females, respectively. After grafting of miHeps, AST/ALT decreased, regardless of mouse sex.Conclusion In conclusion, activation of endogenic Hnf4a is important for generation of successful sex-specific miHeps; furthermore, the male derived miHep exhibits comparatively enhanced hepatic features than those of female miHep.
A new transmission route for the propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus
Authors: Danchin Antoine , Ng Tuen Wai , Turinici Gabriel 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background: A novel coronavirus spread starting late 2019 from the capital of the Hubei province in China to the rest of the country, then to most of the world. To anticipate future trends in the development of the epidemic, we explore here, based on public records of infected persons how variation in the virus tropism could end up in different patterns, warranting specific way to handle the epidemic. Methods: We use a compartmental model to describe the evolution of an individual through several possible states: susceptible, infected, alternative infection, detected and removed. We t the parameters of the model to the existing data taking into account significant quarantine changes where necessary. Results: The model indicates that Wuhan quarantine measures were effective but that alternative virus forms and a second propagation route are compatible with available data. For Hong Kong, Singapore and Shenzhen region the secondary route does not seem to be active yet and the epidemic size limited. Conclusions: The alternative infection tropism (the gut tropism) and a secondary propagation route hypotheses are validated using a model fitted by the available data. Corresponding prevention measures that take into account both routes should be implemented to the benefit of epidemic control.
One nosocomial cluster following with a familial cluster of COVID-19 cases: the potential transmission risk in patients with negative swab tests
Authors: Cao Guoqing , Tang Shaotao , Yang Dehua , Shi Wenjia , Wang Xiaorong , Wang Hua , Li Chen , WEI JIA , Ma Ling 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn December 2019, a cluster of cases of acute respiratory illness, novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Health care workers exposure to a high density of patients are at extremely high risk of becoming infected at the early outbreak of this disease for not realizing the fact of human-to-human transmission among close contacts at that time. The false-negative nasopharyngeal swabs of SARS-CoV-2 caused the delayed diagnosis of COVID-19. The nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in negative nasopharyngeal swabs cases were not reported previously. We wish to alert the potential transmission risk in COVID-19 patients with negative swab tests to the clinicians and stress the role of serological detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2.MethodsThis study evaluated a total of 6 cases and four of them were health care providers who worked in the same ward. All epidemiological and clinical information was collected. Respiratory samples of the patients were tested for influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA The reverse-transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was conducted and serological detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG/IgM is performed by chemiluminescence immunoassay kit.ResultsWe reported two related clusters of COVID-19 cases. The first cluster is a nosocomial infection of four health care providers at early January in one ward of university hospital. One of them made sequential familial cluster of infection. For total six cases, four of them (66.7%) showed negative RNA of SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swabs. All patients received either self-quarantined at home or were admitted to hospital for isolated treatment. All recovered and had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and/or IgM positive (100%) for serological detection of SARS-CoV-2 at recovery stage.ConclusionsOur study provides a cautionary warning that negative results of nasopharyngeal swabs of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection can increase the risk of nosocomial infection among health care providers. Serologic detection for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and/or IgM is an important test in the assistant diagnosis of COVID-19.
Genetic Effects of Soluble Starch Synthase IV -2 and It with ADPglucose Pyrophorylase Large Unit and Pullulanase on Rice Qualities
Authors: Xu Liang , You Hui , Zhang Ouling , Xiang Xunchao 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRice amylose content and amylopectin structure corporately determine rice eating and cooking qualities (ECQs). Soluble starch synthase IV-2 (SSIV-2) is a member of the soluble starch synthesis gene family but with unknown effects on ECQs.Results In this study, three populations derived from a cross of two parents who possess the same major genes of starch bio-synthesis were employed to investigate the influence of SSIV-2 and its combined effects with ADPglucose pyrophorylase large unit (AGPlar) and Pullulanase (PUL) on ECQs. The results illustrated that the polymorphism of SSIV-2 alleles significantly affected gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT), percent of retrogradation (R) and three crucial RVA profile parameters: peak viscosity (PKV), breakdown viscosity (BDV) and setback viscosity (SBV). And SSIV-2 allele derived from CG173R had better quality traits with lower GT, SBV and R. Moreover, its interaction with AGPlar was responsible for the variations of GC, apparent amylose content (AAC), GT, R and all RVA parameters except for pasting temperature (PaT) and peak time (PeT), in terms of GC, PKV and CSV, AGPlar derived from CG173R had an epistasis effect on SSIV-2; additionally, interaction of SSIV-2 and PUL mainly affected GC, AAC, PKV, CPV, CSV and SBV. I-C and C-1 (I, allele of AGPlar from Guangzhan 63S; C, allele of SSIV-2 from CG173R; 1, allele of PUL from Guangzhan 63S) combinations had better ECQs. The findings suggest that genetic effects of SSIV-2 and its interaction with AGPlar and PUL are vital for rice quality under the same major genes (Wx and SSII-3) background. ConclusionsSS IV-2 significantly affect GC, R, GT, PKV, BDV and SBV of rice starch. The I-C and C-1 have better ECQs. These findings suggest that the effects of SS IV-2 and its interaction with AGPlar and PUL are vital for rice quality breeding.
The DROOPING LEAF (DR) Gene Encoding GDSL Esterase Controls Leaf Morphology in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yu Yoye , Woo Mi-ok , Rihua Piao , Koh Hee-Jong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Leaf morphology is one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding because of its contribution to crop yield. Although many studies related to leaf phenotypes in rice have been identified, our understanding of the mechanism of grain development is still limited.Results: The drooping leaf (dr) mutant was developed from the Ilpum rice cultivar by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis. Compared with the wild-type, the dr mutant exhibited drooping leaves accompanied by a small midrib, short panicle, and reduced plant height. The phenotype of the dr mutant was caused by a mutation within a single recessive gene on chromosome 2, dr (LOC_Os02g15230), which encodes a GDSL esterase. Analysis of wild-type and mutant sequences revealed that the dr allele carried a single nucleotide substitution, glycine to aspartic acid. RNAi targeted to LOC_Os02g15230 produced the same phenotype as the dr mutation, confirming LOC_Os02g15230 as the dr gene. Microscopic observations and nutrient analysis of SiO2 revealed that silica was less abundant in mutant leaves than in wild-type leaves. Conclusions: This study suggests that the dr gene is involved in the regulation of silica deposition and that disruption of silica processes lead to all drooping leaf phenotypes.
The growth performance and immunity of broiler chickens affected by dietary chitosan oligosaccharides
Authors: Zhao Hang , Pan Saikun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to explore the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides (COs) on the growth performance and immunity of broiler chickens.Methods: Four test diets were supplemented with different doses of COs (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and formulated. Triplicate groups of broiler chickens were fed with one of the diets ad libitum for 6 weeks. Results: After the end of the feeding trials, oral CO administration improved average daily gain; the activities of digestive amylase, lipase and protease; the activities of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase; serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IgG, IgM and IgA levels; and reduced feed conversion ratio and malondialdehyde level compared with those of the control group. However, a high dose of CO (150 g/kg) did not further increase its efficiency compared with the moderate dose of CO (100 g/kg). Conclusions: Oral CO administration improved the growth performance and immunity of juvenile broiler chickens and could be used as a feed supplement.
A co-production approach guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel to develop an intervention for reducing sedentary behaviour after stroke
Authors: Hall Jennifer , Morton Sarah , Hall Jessica , Clarke David J , Fitzsimons Claire F , English Coralie , Forster Anne , Mead Gillian E , Lawton Rebecca 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Stroke survivors are highly sedentary; thus, breaking up long uninterrupted bouts of sedentary behaviour could have substantial health benefit. However, there are no intervention strategies specifically aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour tailored for stroke survivors. The purpose of this study was to use co-production approaches to develop an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour after stroke. Methods: A series of five co-production workshops with stroke survivors, their caregivers, stroke service staff, exercise professionals, and researchers were conducted in parallel in two stroke services (England and Scotland). Workshop format was informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) framework for developing interventions and incorporated systematic review and empirical evidence. Taking an iterative approach, data from activities and audio recordings were analysed following each workshop and findings used to inform subsequent workshops, to inform both the activities of the next workshop and ongoing intervention development. Findings: Co-production workshop participants (n = 43) included 17 staff, 14 stroke survivors, six caregivers, and six researchers. The target behaviour for stroke survivors is to increase standing and moving, and the target behaviour for caregivers and staff is to support and encourage stroke survivors to increase standing and moving. The developed intervention is primarily based on co-produced solutions to barriers to achieving the target behaviour. The developed intervention includes 34 behaviour change techniques. The intervention is to be delivered through stroke services, commencing in the inpatient setting and following through discharge into the community. Participants reported that taking part in intervention development was a positive experience. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study that has combined the use of co-production and the BCW to develop an intervention for use in stroke care. In-depth reporting of how a co-production approach was combined with the BCW framework, including the design of bespoke materials for workshop activities, should prove useful to other researchers and practitioners involved in intervention development in stroke.
Predictors of change during Narrative Exposure Therapy for displaced populations: A repeated measures design
Authors: Ghafoerkhan R.S. , Heemstra H.E. van , Scholte W.F. , Kolk J.R.J. van der , Heide F.J. ter , Rie S. M. de la , Verhaak L.M. , Snippe J.E. , Boelen P.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Displaced victims of interpersonal violence, such as refugees, asylum seekers, and victims of sexual exploitation, are growing in numbers, and are often suffering from a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the same time these victims are known to benefit less from trauma-focused therapy, and to be less compliant to treatment. This paper describes the rationale and research protocol of an ongoing trial. In that trial , perceived daily stress, emotion regulation, and mood are investigated as predictors of change in PTSD symptoms during a trauma-focused therapy (Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)), since these factors might impact the feasibility of therapy effectiveness. Methods/design: Using an observational treatment design, 80 displaced victims of interpersonal violence will be measured before, during, and after partaking in NET. Several questionnaires tapping PTSD plus the aforementioned possible predictors of PTSD change will be administered: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5, Perceived Stress Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up),subscale impulsivity of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18, Perceived Stress Scale short version, Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a single Mood item (each session). Multilevel modelling will be used to examine the relation between the possible predictors and treatment outcome.Discussion: The present study is the first to examine the interplay of facilitating and interfering factors possibly impacting treatment feasibility in displaced victims of interpersonal violence with PTSD receiving NET, using repeated measures. The current study can help to improve future treatment based on individual characteristics.
The financing need for providing paid maternity leave in the informal sector in Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Adiatma , Pitriyan Pipit , Hardiawan Donny , Zambrano Paul , Vilar-Compte Mireya , Belismelis Graciela Ma Teruel , Moncada Meztli , Tamayo David , Carroll Grace , Perez-Escamilla Rafael , Marthisen Roger 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The economic cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia is estimated at US$1.5–9.4 billion annually (Walters et al, 2016; Siregar et al, 2018; Walters et al, 2019), the highest in South East Asia. Half of the 33.6 million working women of reproductive age (WRA) in Indonesia are informal employees, and less than 50% exclusive breastfeed. No maternity protection entitlements are currently available for WRA working informally in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the cost of providing maternity leave cash transfer (MCT) for WRA working in the informal sector in Indonesia.Method The costing methodology used is the adapted version of the World Bank methodology by Vilar-Compte et al (2019), following pre-set steps to estimate costs using national secondary data. We used the 2018 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey to estimate the number of women working informally who gave birth within the last year. The population covered, potential cash transfer’s unitary cost, the incremental coverage of the policy in terms of time and coverage, and the administrative costs were used to estimate the cost of MCT for the informal sector. Result At 100% coverage for 13 weeks of leave, the annual cost of MCT ranged from US$175million (US$152/woman) to US$669million (US$583/woman). The share of the annual costs did not exceed 0.5% of Indonesian Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Conclusion The yearly cost of providing MCT for eligible WRA working in the informal sector is significantly lower than the current annual cost of not breastfeeding in Indonesia, as computed in previous work (Walters et al, 2016; Siregar et al, 2018; Walters et al, 2019). While such a program would be perceived as a marked increase from current public health spending at the onset, such an investment could substantially contribute to the success of breastfeeding and substantial corresponding public health savings given that more than half of working Indonesian WRA are employed in the informal sector. Such policies should be further explored while taking into consideration realistic budget constraints and implementation capacity.