bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of nitroarenes by magnetically recoverable nitroreductase immobilized on Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Qikun , Yu Liping , Liu Baoliang , Li Fulin , Tang Bo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEnzymes as catalysts have attracted significant attention due to their excellent specificity and incomparable efficiency, but their practical application is limited because these catalysts are difficult to separate and recover. A magnetically recoverable biocatalyst has been effectively prepared through the immobilization of a nitroreductase (oxygen-insensitive, purified from Enterobacter cloacae) onto the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized by a coprecipitation method in an aqueous system. The surfaces of the MNPs were modified with sodium silicate and chloroacetic acid (CAA). Using 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) through a covalent binding, nitroreductase was loaded onto the modified magnetic carriers through covalent coupling, and thus, a magnetically recoverable biocatalyst was prepared. The free and immobilized nitroreductase activity was also investigated by the reduction of p-nitrobenzonitrile using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) as a cofactor. The activity of the immobilized enzyme was able to maintain 83.23% of that of the free enzyme. The prepared enzyme can easily reduce substituted nitrobenzene to substituted aniline at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the yield is up to 60.9%. Most importantly, the loaded nitroreductase carriers can be easily separated and recycled from the reaction system using an externally applied magnetic field. The magnetically recoverable biocatalyst can be recycled and reused 7 times while maintaining high activities and the activity of the magnetic catalyst can be maintained at more than 85.0% of that of the previous cycle. This research solves the recovery problem encountered in industrial applications of biocatalysts and presents a clean and green method of preparing substituted aniline.
Impacts of Intralipid on Nanodrug Abraxane Therapy and on the Innate Immune System
Authors: Chen Yen-Ju , Tsai Chin-Yi , Cheng Ying-Min , Nieh Su-Wen , Yeh Teng-Kuang , Chen Ching- Ping , Wang Min-Hsien , Chou Ling-Hui , Chiu Tai-Yu , Liu Li , Ho Chien , Chen Chiung- Tong , Liu Tsang-Wu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA major obstacle to nanodrugs-mediated cancer therapy is their rapid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system that decreases the systemic exposure of the nanodrugs to tumors and also increases toxicities. Intralipid has been shown to reduce nano-oxaliplatin-mediated toxicity while improving bioavailability. Here, we have found that Intralipid reduces the cytotoxicity of paclitaxel for human monocytic cells, but not for breast, lung, or pancreatic cancer cells. Intralipid also promotes the polarization of macrophages to the anti-cancer M1-like phenotype. Using a xenograft breast cancer mouse model, we have found that Intralipid pre-treatment significantly increases the amount of paclitaxel reaching the tumor and promotes tumor apoptosis. The combination of Intralipid with half the standard clinical dose of Abraxane reduces the tumor growth rate as effectively as the standard clinical dose. Our findings suggest that pre-treatment of Intralipid has the potential to be a powerful agent to enhance the tumor cytotoxic effects of Abraxane and to reduce its off-target toxicities.
Screening for chronic conditions with reproductive factors using a machine learning based approach
Authors: Tian Siyu , Dong Weinan , Chan Ka Lung , Leng Xinyi , Bedford Laura Elizabeth , Liu Jia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA large proportion of cases with chronic conditions including diabetes or pre-diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia remain undiagnosed. To include reproductive factors (RF) might be able to improve current screening guidelines by providing extra effectiveness. The objective is to study the relationships between RFs and chronic conditions’ biomarkers. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Demographics, RFs and metabolic biomarkers were collected. The relationship of the metabolic biomarkers were shown by correlation analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and autoencoder were compared by cross-validation. The better one was adopted to extract a single marker, the general chronic condition (GCC), to represent the body’s chronic conditions. Multivariate linear regression was performed to explore the relationship between GCC and RFs. In total, 1,656 postmenopausal females were included. A multi-layer autoencoder outperformed PCA in the dimensionality reduction performance. The extracted variable by autoencoder, GCC, was verified to be representative of three chronic conditions (AUC for patoglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia were 0.844, 0.824 and 0.805 respectively). Linear regression showed that earlier age at menarche (OR = 0.9976) and shorter reproductive life span (OR = 0.9895) were associated with higher GCC. Autoencoder performed well in the dimensionality reduction of clinical metabolic biomarkers. Due to high accessibility and effectiveness, RFs have potential to be included in screening tools for general chronic conditions and could enhance current screening guidelines.
Increased European heat waves in recent decades in response to shrinking Arctic sea ice and Eurasian snow cover
Authors: Zhang Ruonan , Sun Chenghu , Zhu Jieshun , Zhang Renhe , Li Weijing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent decades, unprecedented extreme summer heat waves have occurred in Europe, and they have exhibited an increasing trend since 1970s. Although previous studies have suggested that these recent hot European summers could have been instigated by the underlying surface thermal conditions, the possible influence of shrinking Arctic sea ice and Eurasian snow cover on heat waves are not well understood. Herein, we present evidence obtained via observational analyses and numerical experiments indicating that the interdecadal increase in European heat waves is closely linked to the reductions in Arctic sea ice concentration (ASIC) and Eurasian snow cover fraction (EASC) across mid–high latitudes via the excitation of the anomalous Eurasian wave train. The combined effects of declined ASIC and EASC, accompanied by the drier soil and the stronger heat flux, tend to weaken the poleward temperature gradient at mid–high latitudes and affect the midlatitude jet stream and transient eddy activities. These dynamic and thermodynamic circulations increase the likelihood of more persistent European blocking events that favor frequent and strengthened heat waves. Further projection analysis of simulations from 13 CMIP5 climate models suggests that Europe may experience more hot summers as the ASIC and EASC continue to decline over the next century.
Background calibration of bit weights in pipeline ADCs using a counteracting dither technique
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhou Yuan , Li Xin 
Published: February 2020

A counteracting dither technique is proposed to remedy the bit‐weight error issue in pipeline analogue‐to‐digital converters (ADCs). A capacitor is added to the traditional comparator dither scheme. By switching the added capacitor, the residue swing increment due to comparator dither is counteracted, thereby greatly relaxing the design requirement of the residue amplifier. Behaviour‐level simulation results show that the spurious‐free‐dynamic‐range and the signal‐to‐noise‐and‐distortion‐ratio are improved from 59 and 52.8 dB to 102.7 and 85 dB after calibration in a 14‐bit ADC, respectively.
Galaxy kinematics across different environments in the RXJ1347−1145 cluster complex
Authors: Pérez-Martínez J. M. , Ziegler B. , Böhm A. , Verdugo M. 
Published: February 2020

Aims. In order to understand the role of the different processes that drive galaxy evolution in clusters, we need comprehensive studies that simultaneously examine several of the most important physical properties of galaxies. In this work we study the interplay between the kinematic state and star formation activity of galaxies in the RXJ1347−1145 cluster complex at z ∼ 0.45.
Methods. We used VLT/VIMOS to obtain slit spectra for 95 galaxies across the 40′ × 40′ area where the RXJ1347−1145 cluster complex resides. We determined the cluster membership of our targets by identifying one or more of the available emission lines within the wavelength range. Our spectroscopy is complemented with archival SUBARU/Suprime-Cam deep photometric observations in five optical bands (B, V, Rc, Ic, z′). We examined the kinematic properties of our sample attending to the degree of distortion of the extracted rotation curves. Regular rotating galaxies were included in our Tully–Fisher analysis while the distorted ones were used to study the role of cluster-specific interactions with respect to star formation and AGN activity.
Results. Our analysis confirmed the cluster membership for approximately half of our targets. We report a higher fraction of galaxies with irregular gas kinematics in the cluster environment than in the field. Cluster galaxies with regular rotation display a moderate brightening in the B-band Tully–Fisher relation compatible with the gradual evolution of the stellar populations with lookback time, and no significant evolution in the stellar-mass Tully–Fisher relation, in line with previous studies at similar redshift. Average specific star formation rate values are slightly lower in our cluster sample (−0.15 dex) with respect to the main sequence of star-forming galaxies, confirming the role of the environment in the early quenching of star formation in clusters. Finally, we carried out an exploratory observational study on the stellar-to-halo mass relation finding that cluster galaxies tend to have slightly lower stellar mass values for a fixed halo mass compared to their field counterparts.
Diagnosis and Care of Infants and Children with Pompe Disease
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Hennermann Julia B. , Huemer Martina , Kampmann Christoph , Marquardt Thorsten , Mengel Eugen , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Muschol NicoleMaria , Rohrbach Marianne , Stehling Florian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPompe disease is a rare metabolic myopathy caused by deficiency of lysosomal α-glucosidase. Reduced enzyme activity results in abnormal intra- and extralysosomal glycogen deposition as well as impaired cellular function and autophagy. Age at manifestation and severity of disease depend on residual enzyme activity. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available since 2006. In infantile onset Pompe disease, the most severe form, markedly prolonged survival has resulted in a new phenotype with symptoms and problems not encountered previously. In addition, it became apparent that antibody formation against the recombinant human enzyme may adversely affect the response to ERT. This review summarizes new knowledge gained in the last years concerning care of pediatric patients with Pompe disease and gives recommendations for diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up.
Brief Review of Right Aortic Arch with Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery
Authors: Oztas Didem Melis , Umutlu Muzaffer , Ertan Melike , Beyaz Metin Onur , Badem Serdar , Erdinc Ibrahim , Ulukan Mustafa Ozer , Unal Orcun , Conkbayir Cenk , Alpagut Ufuk , Ugurlucan Murat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDevelopment anomalies of the aortic arch and its major branches are rare congenital cardiovascular disorders. In this article, we present aberrant left subclavian artery associated with right aortic arch.
Current Opinions and Practices of Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents: A Survey among Pediatric Surgeons
Authors: Roebroek Yvonne G. M. , Pruijssers Suzanne R. , Bouvy Nicole D. , van Heurn Ernest L. W. E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction Bariatric surgery is performed at increasing rate in severely obese adolescents who do not respond to conservative treatment. In the United States, this treatment is generally accepted, yet in Europe, surgeons are more reluctant because of concerns regarding safety and (long-term) efficacy. We evaluated in which (European) countries bariatric surgery is allowed and performed, and the opinion of the members of the European Paediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) regarding bariatric surgery in adolescents.
Materials and Methods Information was obtained with an online questionnaire sent to all EUPSA members.
Results A total of 108 pediatric surgeons (PSs) from 33 countries (of which 25 European) completed the survey. Sixty-two PSs (57.4%) from 22 countries stated that bariatric surgery in adolescents was allowed in their country. In only 14 countries, the costs were (partially) covered by health care insurances. Overall, 65.7% of the surgeons (n = 71) believed bariatric surgery may offer a valuable contribution to obtain substantial long-term weight loss in severely obese adolescents. Fifty-one (47.2%) reported that these procedures should be performed by a combination of a bariatric and a PS, while 20 (18.5%) and 16 (14.8%) preferred that these procedures should be performed solely by a PS or bariatric surgeon, respectively.
Conclusion Although allowed in most European countries, bariatric surgery in adolescents is only practiced on a small scale, and the treatment is often excluded from regular health care reimbursement. The majority of PSs acknowledge the value of bariatric surgery, which should be performed by a combination of PS and bariatric surgeon.
Antenatal Glucocorticoids Reduce the Incidence of Refractory Hypotension in Low Birthweight Infants during the Early Neonatal Period, but Do Not Affect It beyond This Time
Authors: Tomotaki Seiichi , Iwanaga Kougoro , Hanaoka Shintaro , Tomotaki Hiroko , Matsukura Takashi , Niwa Fusako , Kawai Masahiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjective This study aimed to clarify the effect of antenatal glucocorticoids (AGs) on the incidence of refractory hypotension (RH) in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants after the first week of life.Study Design We included VLBW infants born at a gestational age of <30 weeks and divided them into three groups: the complete group (born within 7 days of completing a single course [two doses] of AGs), the incomplete group (born without complete course), and the late delivery group (born at ≥8 days after a single course). We compared the incidence and period of onset of RH among the three groups.Results A total of 115 infants were enrolled. The incidence of RH in the first week of life was significantly lower in the complete group than in the other groups. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of RH after the first week of life among the groups.Conclusion AGs contribute to circulatory stabilization during the first week of life, but this effect does not last after 1 or 2 weeks of administration. In infants who receive AGs, physicians should consider that the risk of RH after the first week of life is not low.
Effects of Caffeine on Splanchnic Oxygenation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Ilhan Ozkan , Bor Meltem 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to assess the effects of administering 20 mg/kg loading dose of caffeine citrate intravenously on splanchnic oxygenation in preterm infants.
Study Design The infants with a gestational age (GA) of <34 weeks who were administered with a 20 mg/kg intravenous loading dose of caffeine citrate within 48 hours after birth were investigated prospectively. Regional splanchnic oxygen saturation (rsSO2) and splanchnic fractional tissue oxygen extraction rate (sFTOE) were measured using near-infrared spectroscopy before caffeine infusion, immediately after caffeine infusion and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours (h) after dose completion; postdose values were compared with predose values.
Results A total of 41 infants with a mean GA of 29.2 ± 1.6 weeks and birth weight of 1,315 ± 257 g as well as postnatal age of 32.2 ± 10.8 hours were included in the study. rsSO2 significantly reduced from 63.1 to 57.5% immediately after caffeine infusion, 55.1% after 1 hour, and 55.2% after 2 hours with partial recovery at 3-hour postdose. sFTOE increased correspondingly.
Conclusion Caffeine reduces splanchnic oxygenation and increases splanchnic oxygen extraction for at least 2 hours with partial recovery to predose levels at 3-hour postdose.
Effects of Umbilical Cord Milking on Term Infants Delivered by Cesarean Section
Authors: Chiruvolu Arpitha , Medders Alexis , Daoud Yahya 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective Umbilical cord milking (UCM) is an efficient way to achieve optimal placental transfusion in term infants born by cesarean section (CS). However, it is not frequently performed due to concern for short-term adverse effects of increased blood volume, such as polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia. The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term effects of UCM on term infants delivered by CS.
Study Design We conducted a pre- and postimplementation cohort study comparing term infants delivered by CS who received UCM five times (141 infants, UCM group) during a 6-month period (August 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018) to those who received immediate cord clamping (ICC) during the same time period (105 infants, postimplementation ICC) and during a 3-month period (October1, 2016 to December 31, 2016) prior to the implementation of UCM (141 infants, preimplementation ICC).
Results Mothers were older in UCM group compared with both ICC groups. There were no significant differences in other maternal or neonatal characteristics. Although this study was not powered to detect differences in outcomes, the occurrence of hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy, symptomatic polycythemia, NICU admissions, or readmissions for phototherapy was similar between the groups.
Conclusion UCM intervention was not associated with increased incidence of phototherapy or symptomatic polycythemia in term infants delivered by CS.
Fibrinolysis and the Immune Response in Trauma
Authors: Medcalf Robert L. , Keragala Charithani B. , Draxler Dominik F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has long been known that the fibrinolytic system becomes activated following trauma. At first glance, this is not at all surprising and would appear to be in response to coagulation and the apparent need to remove blood clots and restore blood flow. However, in a bleeding patient, the opposite is what is actually needed. Therefore, one may ask why the fibrinolytic system gets activated in the first place or is there another purpose? Or is it that the waxing and waning of hemostasis in such severely injured patients creates a “moving target” such that the fibrinolytic system itself is constantly responding to changing circumstances? Depending on the injury modalities and the time point post injury, the fibrinolytic system could be either turned on or off. Various theories now abound that offer new insights into the turmoil and paradoxes associated with the fibrinolytic system in this unique setting and the use of antifibrinolytic agents. While this presents one conundrum, there is also another dimension to add to this discussion that has nothing to do with hemostasis per se but rather with the modulation of other critical processes that are also essential for optimal recovery following severe injury. Indeed, overwhelming data are now supporting an important role of the fibrinolytic system in the removal of necrotic tissue (mortolysis) and as a modulator of the innate immune response. Therefore, what is really going on when the fibrinolytic system decides to go into overdrive and generate plasmin, albeit even briefly after a traumatic event? Moreover, what other consequence may occur when antifibrinolytic agents are administered? This review will address this developing story and will outline a hypothesis that places the fibrinolytic system as a gateway to a myriad of processes that are not only linked to fibrin removal but are also broader players in the modulation of innate immunity.
Impacto do microbioma intestinal no Eixo Cérebro-Intestino
Authors: Zorzo Renato Augusto 
Published: February 2020

RESUMO
Base teórica: O microbioma intestinal exerce influência vital não somente no funcionamento do Trato Gastrointestinal, mas também na modulação do sistema imune, na sinalização intercelular neuro-endócrina e na comunicação entre o Sistema Nervoso Entérico e o Sistema Nervoso Central, conjunto conhecido como Eixo Cérebro-Intestino.
Metodologia: Através de levantamentos nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar, este estudo teve por objetivo levantar o conhecimento científico atual acerca das relações entre o microbioma intestinal e o funcionamento do Eixo Cérebro-Intestino.
Achados: O microbioma intestinal é estabelecido desde os primeiros dias de vida, e sofre influência de vários fatores externos. Na primeira infância, uma relação de simbiose com o hospedeiro é estabelecida, e a partir de então, o microbioma intestinal exerce intima influência na comunicação do Eixo Cérebro-Intestino, e alterações no seu perfil estão implicadas na gênese de morbidades mentais, como esquizofrenia, depressão, transtorno do espectro autista, além de resposta exacerbada ao stress.
Conclusões: Estímulos na vida precoce exercem forte influência na formação do perfil do microbioma intestinal, cujos desdobramentos se estendem por toda a vida do indivíduo. Alterações no perfil do microbioma podem resultar em prejuízo no desenvolvimento em vários sistemas corporais, e em especial no neurodesenvolvimento, aumentando risco de morbidades mentais na vida adulta.
Componentes das fórmulas infantis: O que temos no horizonte?
Authors: Epifanio Matias 
Published: February 2020

RESUMONos últimos anos as fórmulas infantis têm apresentado uma evolução na sua composição e características, tentando se assemelhar ao leite materno. O conhecimento de sua composição interessa muito ao pediatra, dada a relevância que tem na sua pratica medica do dia a dia, assim como a importância que representa para o crescimento e desenvolvimento do bebe.
Catching up by hiring: The case of Huawei
Authors: Schaefer Kerstin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHiring experts in centers of state-of-the-art technology is an important way in which a multinational enterprise (MNE) can gain competitive advantage, and yet use of this mechanism remains under-researched. This study uses the case of a Chinese MNE that recently achieved a leading position in the telecommunications market: Huawei Technologies. Taking the perspective of Huawei’s offshore hires, I find that greenfield investments contributed to overcoming liabilities of origin and outsidership in the global telecommunications industry. Nevertheless, even now that Huawei has caught up with industry incumbents, its output capabilities remain dependent on the innovation capabilities of its offshore experts.
Oncostatin M-induced astrocytic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 drives remyelination
Authors: Houben Evelien , Janssens Kris , Hermans Doryssa , Vandooren Jennifer , Van den Haute Chris , Schepers Melissa , Vanmierlo Tim , Lambrichts Ivo , van Horssen Jack , Baekelandt Veerle , Opdenakker Ghislain , Baron Wia , Broux Bieke , Slaets Helena , Hellings Niels 
Published: February 2020

Significance
The loss of myelin around axons is a main pathological hallmark of various neurological diseases. In early disease stages, this myelin sheath is restored through a process called remyelination. Later, remyelination fails and becomes the major driver of disease progression. Despite a clear demand for remyelination-enhancing therapies, the need is currently unmet. Here we present oncostatin M receptor signaling and its downstream effector molecule tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 as decisive mediators of successful remyelination, providing novel therapeutic opportunities for demyelinating disorders.