bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent Addiction Treatment for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery for Injection Drug Use-associated Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Nguemeni Tiako Max Jordan , Hong Seong , Bin Mahmood Syed Usman , Mori Makoto , Mangi Abeel , Yun James , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Geirsson Arnar 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Cases of surgical injection drug use-associated infective endocarditis (IDU-IE) are on the rise, amid the US opioid epidemic. We aimed to describe nature of perioperative addiction treatment for these patients.

Methods:
This is a retrospective review of 56 surgical IDU-IE from 2011 to 2016 at a tertiary care center. Data collected included substances used, documented psychosocial consultations (social work or psychiatry), medications for addiction and evidence of enrollment in a drug rehabilitation program after discharge.
Among patients with active drug use (ADU), we compared the 24-month survival of those who received comprehensive addiction treatment, defined as both psychosocial consultation and medications for opioid use disorder to that of those who received partial or no treatment.

Results:
Out of 56 patients, 42 (75%, n = 56) received a psychosocial consultation, 23 (41.1%, n = 56) received medications for opioid use disorder and 15 (26.8% n = 56) attended a drug rehabilitation program.
Forty-two patients had ADU. Among those, 20 (47.6%, n = 42) received comprehensive addiction treatment, while 28 (52.4%, n = 42) received partial or no treatment, and 10 (23.8%, n = 42) attended drug rehabilitation. Most patients with ADU who attended drug rehabilitation (9, 90%) had received comprehensive addiction treatment. All patients with ADU who received comprehensive addiction treatment were alive after 24-months, while 7 patients (25%, n = 28) who received partial or no treatment were not.

Conclusion:
Addiction treatment was inconsistent for surgical IDU-IE patients. Comprehensive addiction treatment predicted drug rehabilitation attendance, and was protective against 24-month mortality. Implementing protocols for comprehensive perioperative addiction treatment in IDU-IE patients is of the utmost importance.
Organizing Pneumonia as a Manifestation of AIDS in a Patient With Partially Treated Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shayan , DeBiase Joseph Michael , Aouad Arlette T. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Organizing pneumonia (OP), formerly called bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, is a rare disease characterized by necrotizing granulomas and fibrosis in the small airways of lungs. We arguably present the fourth reported case of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus who was diagnosed with OP in the setting of partially treated Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP).
A 59-year-old white man with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had multiple admissions for pneumonia, which was culture negative and partially treated for possible PJP. Eventually, a lung biopsy showed necrotizing OP and fibrosis, typical of OP, with granulomatous features and 3 PJP organisms seen on biopsy. The patient eventually improved with intravenous corticosteroids, whereas primaquine and clindamycin were continued for partially treated PJP.
Organizing pneumonia should be considered in immunodeficiency with persistent pulmonary infiltrates not responding to antibiotic therapy. Whether immunodeficiency or infections predispose these patients to OP remains unclear. Prolonged corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy in OP.
A Prospective Study Conducted Among Participants Reporting Acute Febrile Illness in a Cohort of Periurban and Rural Cambodians
Authors: Antony Suresh J. , Chonthida Supaprom , Luy Malen , Hip Phireak , Sopheab Heng , Faix Dennis , Blair Patrick , Putnam Shannon D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The objective of this prospective cohort study was to assess the incidence of dengue, chikungunya, respiratory viruses, and diarrheal etiologies among periurban and rural Cambodians with confirmed acute febrile illness. During a 2-year period (2016–2017), 612 participants aged 6 months to 30 years who exhibited vector-borne febrile illness (median [interquartile range] age, 8.0 [4–11] years), in which 288 (48.0%) were female, were tested for acute dengue virus and chikungunya virus infection. A total of 67 (11.2%) clinical specimens were positive for dengue virus by either nucleic acid detection (n = 23 [34.3%]; dengue serotype 1 [n = 5] and dengue serotype 2 [n = 18]) or dengue IgM capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (n = 44 [65.7%]), and only 8 specimens were both positive. Clinical presentations included fever (100%), headache (74.1%), muscle aches (27.2%), and joint pain (17.3%). Forty-two of the 612 participants were diagnosed with chikungunya (7.0%) by anti–chikungunya virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM) or chikungunya-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
By understanding the incidence of diseases causing morbidity and mortality in rural areas within Cambodia, mitigating strategies can be developed to reduce infections.
Probable Drug Eruption Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Due to Colistimethate Sodium
Authors: Karimpour Hasanali , Shojaei Lida , Shahbazi Foroud 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A 28-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with an altered mental status. During his hospitalization, he experienced 2 events of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were separated from sputum culture in the first and second episodes, respectively. Two events of drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms also occurred during hospitalization. Generalized morbilliform rash, high fever, eosinophilia, and increases in liver aminotransferase and bilirubin were observed in the first episode. Initially, medications with a higher likelihood of skin eruption including phenytoin, meropenem, quetiapine, levofloxacin, methadone, gabapentin, and vancomycin were discontinued; nonetheless, the lesions were still progressing. Eventually, all other medications (except for pantoprazole and heparin) were discontinued, and the patient's symptoms improved over the following days. Few days after the second episode of pneumonia, upon the reintroduction of colistimethate sodium, the patient developed a generalized morbilliform rash, severe hyperbilirubinemia, and the previously mentioned symptoms were reappeared. After colistimethate sodium discontinuation, symptoms were improved slowly. Unfortunately, the patient died from septic shock on the 47th day of hospitalization.
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on ventricular remodeling in patents with left ventricular systolic dysfunction following acute anterior wall myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Fu Xianghua 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan (Sal/Val) on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with LV systolic dysfunction following acute anterior wall myocardial infarction (AAMI).

Methods
AAMI patients with LV systolic dysfunction were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. After hemodynamic stabilization, patients were randomly assigned either to group T (Sal/Val treatment) or group C (enalapril treatment). Changes in echocardiographic parameters and plasma biochemical markers were used to evaluate the effects of Sal/Val on LV remodeling and cardiac function. The incidence of major cardiac adverse events (MACEs) and adverse reactions during follow-ups was also recorded.

Results
In total, 137 eligible patients were prospectively included. Compared to group C, LV ejection fraction significantly improved (P < 0.05), while the LV end-systolic volume index and wall motion score index showed a tendency to decrease in group T. There was no difference in the LV end-diastolic volume index between groups. During follow-ups, the plasma N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide and soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 levels in both groups decreased (all P < 0.05), and the change was more prominent in group T. Additionally, drug-related adverse effects were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05); however, the incidence of MACEs was lower in group T than in group C (39.71% vs. 53.62%, P = 0.103), although the difference was insignificant.

Conclusion
Sac/Val attenuated LV remodeling and dysfunction and was safe and effective in LV systolic dysfunction patients post AAMI.
An Economic Analysis of the Implementation of Team-based Collaborative Care in Outpatient General Mental Health Clinics
Authors: Miller Christopher J. , Griffith Kevin N. , Stolzmann Kelly , Kim Bo , Connolly Samantha L. , Bauer Mark S. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Collaborative Chronic Care Models represent an evidence-based way to structure care for chronic conditions, including mental health conditions. Few studies, however, have examined the cost implications of collaborative care for mental health.

Objective:
We aimed to conduct an economic analysis of implementing collaborative care in 9 outpatient general mental health clinics.

Research Design:
Analyses were derived from a stepped wedge hybrid implementation-effectiveness trial. We conducted cost-minimization analyses from the health system perspective, incorporating implementation costs, outpatient costs, and inpatient costs for the year before collaborative care implementation and the implementation year. We used a difference-in-differences approach and conducted 1-way sensitivity analyses to determine the robustness of results to variations ±15% in model parameters, along with probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation.

Subjects:
Our treatment group included 5507 patients who were initially engaged in care within 9 outpatient general mental health teams that underwent collaborative care implementation. We compared costs for this group to 45,981 control patients who received mental health treatment as usual at the same medical centers.

Results:
Collaborative care implementation cost about $40 per patient and was associated with a significant decrease in inpatient costs and a nonsignificant increase in outpatient mental health costs. This implementation was associated with $78 in cost savings per patient. Monte Carlo simulation suggested that implementation was cost saving in 78% of iterations.

Conclusions:
Collaborative care implementation for mental health teams was associated with significant reductions in mental health hospitalizations, leading to substantial cost savings of about $1.70 for every dollar spent for implementation.
Role of [68Ga]DOTANOC PET/computed tomography and [131I]MIBG scintigraphy in the management of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a prospective study
Authors: Singh Deepa , Shukla Jaya , Walia Rama , Vatsa Rakhee , Paul Nandini , Chhabra Anupriya , Nahar Uma , Singh Harmandeep , Kumar Rajender , Bhansali Anil , Rai Mittal Bhagwant 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The primary aim of study was to compare role of iodine-131 (I-131)-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine ([131I]MIBG) and gallium-68 (Ga-68)-labeled DOTA-l-Nal3-octreotide ([68Ga]DOTANOC) PET/computed tomography (CT) in patients with pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL), subsequent follow-up to see management. The secondary aim was to see association of germline mutation in histopathologically proven patients.

Procedures
We performed [68Ga]DOTANOC PET/CT and [131I]MIBG in 106 patients (61 men; age: 38.5 ± 16.2 years) of known or suspected PCC/PGL. Following scans, 16 histopathologically proven patients were screened for germline mutations.

Results
[131I]MIBG detected 41 lesions in 34 patients and [68Ga]DOTANOC PET/CT detected more than 79 lesions in 55 patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 20.6 ± 16.5 months. Management following scans: surgery in 35 patients (positive histopathology in 34 patients, negative in 1 patient); lutecium-177 (Lu-177)-labeled DOTA-0-Tyr-3 octreotate ([177Lu]DOTATATE) therapy in 2 patients; chemotherapy in 1 patient; conservative therapy in 34 patients; no therapy in 17 patients; 2 patients have died and 3 were lost to follow-up. Among 12 previously operated, 2 patients showed metastatic disease and 1 showed residual disease. Out of 16 patients who underwent genotypic analysis (15 operated), 8 were positive for germline mutations. Mutations were seen in SDHB, RET, VHL, MDH2 and SDHA genes, including two germline mutations in two patients. Deletion was observed in one patient in SDHB gene and substitution in all other mutations. Four novel mutations in MDH2 (c.1005G>C, c.916G>A, c.580G>A) and SDHB (c.378_380delAAT) were observed (SRA accession: PRJNA551457).

Conclusions
[68Ga]DOTANOC PET/CT should be considered as a first-line investigation in PCC/PGL especially at high risk of metastasis and screening of persons with familial syndrome.
Diagnostic performance of PET/computed tomography versus PET/MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging in the N- and M-staging of breast cancer patients
Authors: de Mooij Cornelis Maarten , Sunen Inés , Mitea Cristina , Lalji Ulrich C. , Vanwetswinkel Sigrid , Smidt Marjolein L. , van Nijnatten Thiemo J.A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To provide a systematic review regarding the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) compared to 18F-FDG PET/computed tomography (CT) focused on nodal and distant staging in breast cancer patients.

Methods
The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant publications until April 2020. Two independent reviewers searched for eligible articles based on predefined in- and exclusion criteria, assessed quality and extracted data.

Results
Eleven eligible studies were selected from 561 publications identified by the search. In seven studies, PET/CT was compared with PET/MRI, and in five, PET/CT with DWI. Significantly higher sensitivity for PET/MRI compared to PET/CT in a lesion-based analysis was reported for all lesions together (77% versus 89%) in one study, osseous metastases (69–99% versus 92–98%) in two studies and hepatic metastases (70–75% versus 80–100%) in one study. Moreover, PET/MRI revealed a significantly higher amount of osseous metastases (90 versus 141) than PET/CT. PET/CT is associated with a statistically higher specificity than PET/MRI in the lesion detection of all lesions together (98% versus 96%) and of osseous metastases (100% versus 95%), both in one study. None of the reviewed studies reported significant differences between PET/CT and DWI for any of the evaluated sites. There is a trend toward higher specificity for PET/CT.

Conclusion
In general, there is a trend toward higher sensitivity and lower specificity of PET/MRI when compared to PET/CT. Results on the diagnostic performance of DWI are conflicting. Rather than evaluating it separate, it seems to have complementary value when combined with other MR sequences.
Retrospective Analysis of Sudden Cardiac Deaths in a 10-Year Autopsy Series in the City of Isparta in Turkey
Authors: Yildiz Abdulkadir , Gürpinar Süleyman Serhat , Yağci Fatma Esen , Çayli Erdinç , Baydar Çetin Lütfi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an important public health problem that accounts for approximately 15% to 20% of global deaths. Our retrospective study aimed to analyze etiological distribution and epidemiological data of 128 cases with SCD as death cause based on autopsies between 2010 and 2019. The mean age of SCD cases was 57.09, with the highest incidence in older than 60 years (43.8%). Male/female ratio was 4.5:1, peaking with 9.2:1 in the 41- to 60-year age group. Deaths occurred mostly at home (41.4%). Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) was main SCD cause (65.6%) with cardiac tamponade (10.9%), unexplained SCD (8.6%), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (7.8%) after it. A total of 71.2% of CAD cases had coronary artery stenosis of greater than 75% and 92.9% had atherosclerotic degeneration in the left anterior descending artery. Based on the body mass index–based normal heart weights table, 91.7% of CAD cases had cardiomegaly. This study showed CAD, cardiomegaly, and high body mass index concurrence as a very important SCD risk. Because SCD incidence increases in older than 40 years, determining risk groups through regular medical examinations and inspections, older than 30 years would provide implementation of preventive measures. Some cardiac diseases causing sudden death are undetectable despite detailed autopsy and histopathological examinations. Including postmortem cardiogenetic analysis among routine techniques in sudden deaths would lower sudden unexplained death diagnosis rates.
Comparison of Frontal Sinuses for Personal Identification in 3 Populations Using Cameriere’s Code Number
Authors: Scendoni Roberto , Kelmendi Jeta , Cossellu Gianguido , Canturk Nergis , Celik Arslan Busra , Peker Elif , Ferrante Luigi , Cameriere Roberto 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The identification of unknown individuals is of crucial importance to society, especially in the context of mass disasters involving individuals of different nationalities. The comparison of frontal sinus patterns is an important tool for personal identification. In Cameriere’s method, a new personal code number (codC) containing 8 digits was elaborated, based on the measurements of frontal sinus patterns. The present study is an update of this previous work. Digital radiographic images of the skulls of 299 individuals of different nationalities (100 Italians, 99 Kosovars, and 100 Turks) were analyzed, adopting the same maximum-weight dependence tree used in the original work. For comparisons between groups, Fisher exact test and the χ2 test were carried out. The method, applied to different population groups, significantly increases the likelihood of identifying a person by comparison of antemortem and postmortem frontal sinus radiographs. Results demonstrated that the model is more discriminative in identifying individuals of different nationalities.
Expression Levels of Nerve Growth Factor and Its Receptors in Anterior Vaginal Wall in Postmenopausal Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Jin Yuxi , Li Lei , Li Jie , Chen Fei , Hu Lin , Zhan Changyu , Liao Yingying , Zhang Yingying , Wang Luwen 
Published: July 2020

Objective
To investigate the expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors TrkA and p75NTR in the anterior vaginal wall of postmenopausal patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Methods
The tissues of anterior vaginal wall of the patients (n = 31) with POP and patients (n = 16) with nonpelvic floor dysfunction were collected during the operation. The expressions of NGF, TrkA, and p75NTR were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Results
The expression levels of mRNA and protein of NGF and its receptors in vaginal anterior wall tissues of postmenopausal POP patients were significantly decrease compared with those of the control group. The ratio of p75NTR/TrkA expression in POP patients was significantly increase compared with that in the control group and was proportional to the degree of prolapse.

Conclusions
The decreased expression of NGF and its receptors p75NTR and TrkA in vaginal anterior wall tissue of postmenopausal POP patients and the change of the ratio of 2 receptors may be related to the occurrence and development of POP.
Mathematical models for cell migration: a non-local perspective
Authors: Chen Li , Painter Kevin , Surulescu Christina , Zhigun Anna 
Published: July 2020

We provide a review of recent advancements in non-local continuous models for migration, mainly from the perspective of its involvement in embryonal development and cancer invasion. Particular emphasis is placed on spatial non-locality occurring in advection terms, used to characterize a cell’s motility bias according to its interactions with other cellular and acellular components in its vicinity (e.g. cell–cell and cell–tissue adhesions, non-local chemotaxis), but we also briefly address spatially non-local source terms. Following a short introduction and description of applications, we give a systematic classification of available PDE models with respect to the type of featured non-localities and review some of the mathematical challenges arising from such models, with a focus on analytical aspects.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multi-scale analysis and modelling of collective migration in biological systems’.
Clinical Outcomes With the Use of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Anticoagulation in COVID-19
Authors: Motta Jishu K. , Ogunnaike Rahila O. , Shah Rutvik , Stroever Stephanie , Cedeño Harold V. , Thapa Shyam K. , Chronakos John J. , Jimenez Eric J. , Petrini Joann , Hegde Abhijith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study is the first of its kind to assess the impact of preemptive therapeutic dose anticoagulation on mortality compared to prophylactic anticoagulation among COVID-19 patients. Its findings provide insight to clinicians regarding the management of COVID-19, particularly with the known prothrombotic state.Research QuestionTo determine the impact of anticoagulation on in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 positive patients with the a priori hypothesis that there would be a lower risk of in-hospital mortality with use of preemptive therapeutic over prophylactic dose enoxaparin or heparin.Study Design and MethodsStudy DesignRetrospective cohort study from April 1 - April 25, 2020. The date of final follow-up was June 12, 2020.SettingTwo large, acute care hospitals in Western Connecticut.ParticipantFive hundred and one inpatients were identified after discharge as 18 years or older and positive for SARS-CoV-2. The final sample size included 374 patients after applying exclusion criteria. Demographic variables were collected via hospital billing inquiries, while the clinical variables were abstracted from patients’ medical records.ExposurePreemptive enoxaparin or heparin at a therapeutic or prophylactic dose.Main OutcomIn-hospital mortality.ResultsWhen comparing preemptive therapeutic to prophylactic anticoagulation through multi-variable analysis, risk of in-hospital mortality was 2.3 times greater in patients receiving preemptive therapeutic anticoagulation (95% CI = 1.0, 4.9; p = 0.04).InterpretationAn increase in in-hospital mortality was observed with preemptive therapeutic anticoagulation. Thus, in the management of COVID-19 and its complications, we recommend further research and cautious use of preemptive therapeutic over prophylactic anticoagulation.