bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water demand prospects for irrigation in the São Francisco River: Brazilian public policy
Authors: Ferrarini Angel dos Santos Fachinelli , Ferreira Filho Joaquim Bento de Souza , Cuadra Santiago Vianna , Victoria Daniel de Castro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study analyzed how irrigation expansion in the São Francisco Hydrographic Region (SFRH) could affect water availability in four physiographic regions: Upper, Middle, sub-Middle, and Lower SFRH. The Brazilian National Water Resources Plan (PNRH) is the main policy for water resources in Brazil. The PNRH, however, did not evaluate how the expansion of the irrigated area could affect water demand. We use a detailed computable general equilibrium model (CGE), applicable to Brazil, to simulate expansion scenarios in irrigated areas for 2025 and 2035, according to the Water Resources Plan for the São Francisco River (SFP). Simulations were carried out for areas deemed potentially suitable for irrigation. The Climatic Water Balance (CWB) was estimated for the SFRH to compare water supply and water demand. Results suggest that cities located in the Upper and Middle São Francisco Regions would present greater irrigation potential due to water availability and proximity to large irrigated areas. The comparative result of the CWB and the CGE model shows water availability problems in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, in particular, cities located in the São Francisco Lower Region.
Hydrodynamic changes impacted by the waterway capital dredging in Cikarang Bekasi Laut channel, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Ajiwibowo Harman , Pratama Munawir B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents one-dimensional numerical modeling using MIKE 11 to simulate the impact of capital dredging on the hydrodynamics of the Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL) channel flow. The CBL channel is located in Bekasi Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The river discharges upstream, and tidal fluctuations at the sea boundary were the governing parameters of the hydrodynamic model. Data such as river centerline, cross-sections, tidal elevation, and river discharges were compiled to construct the model. The instantaneous record of water level and river discharge data were used as model validation. The model results give decent validation when compared to water level and river discharge field data. Dredging on the canal is planned to be carried out across 19 km from the estuary to the upstream to allow large vessel navigation. The modeling results show that during the wet season, dredging affects the water level and river flow up to 25 km upstream, while during the dry season, dredging affects the hydrodynamics only up to 20 km upstream. It can be concluded that the canal dredging does not have a significant impact in terms of surface water elevation in the canal upstream. The critical finding is that the bed shear stress is significantly increased upstream of the dredging plan at kilometer 19, showing that there is potential riverbed erosion threat in the area. It is recommended to conduct a sedimentation study to predict the impact of sedimentation change from the dredging.
Detection of Disease-Specific Parent Cells Via Distinct Population of Nano-Vesicles by Machine Learning
Authors: Thakur Abhimanyu , Mishra Ambika Prasad , Panda Bishnupriya , Sweta Kumari , Majhi Babita 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The diagnosis and prognosis of pathological conditions, such as age-related macular
degeneration (AMD) and cancer still need improvement. AMD is primarily caused due to the dysfunction of
retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), whereas endothelial cells (ECs) play one of the major roles in angiogenesis; an
important process which occurs in malignant progression of cancer. Several reports suggested the augmented
release of nano-vesicles under pathological conditions, including from RPE as well as cancer-associated ECs,
which take part in various biological processes, including intercellular communication in disease progression.
Importantly, these nano-vesicles are around 30-1000 nm and carry the fingerprint of their initiating parent cells
(IPCs). Therefore, these nano-vesicles could be utilized as the diagnostic tool for AMD and cancer, respectively.
However, the analysis of nano-vesicles for biomarker study is confounded by their extensive heterogeneous nature.

Methods:
To confront this challenge, we utilized artificial intelligence (AI) based machine learning (ML) algorithms
such as support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree model on the dataset of nano-vesicles from RPE
and ECs cell lines with low dimensionality.

Results:
Overall, Gaussian SVM demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy of the IPCs of nano-vesicles,
among all the chosen SVM classifiers. Additionally, the bagged tree showed the highest prediction among the
chosen decision tree-based classifiers.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the overall bagged tree showed the best performance for the prediction of IPCs of nanovesicles,
suggesting the applicability of AI-based prediction approach in diagnosis and prognosis of pathological
conditions, including non-invasive liquid biopsy via various biofluids-derived nano-vesicles.
Anodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Rafoxanide on Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Radi Abd-Elgawad , El-samboskany Hassan 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Rafoxanide (RFX) is an active agent against Fasciola hepatica, but it is
prohibited for treatment of dairy animals whose milk is provided for human consumption.

Objective:
A reliable, fast, and simple method needs to be developed to monitor RFX residues in
milk samples before distribution to consumers.

Methods:
In this work, the electrochemical
oxidation of RFX was studied at glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) in Britton-Robinson buffer (BR)
solutions over the pH range 2.0-12.0 using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse
voltammetry (DPV). The oxidation of the drug was accomplished in a single irreversible,
adsorption-controlled step within the pH range 4.0-9.0. Therefore, the application of GCE for a
sensitive and selective quantification of RFX by adsorptive stripping voltammetry was reported.
The accumulation of the analyte was performed in Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 5.0) at a potential
of -0.3 V (vs. Ag-AgCl-KClsat) for 300 s and the measurement was carried out, after medium
exchange, in BR solution of pH 7.0 using DPV.

Result and Conclusion:
This format was
satisfactorily applied for the determination of RFX in bovine milk. Limit of detection (LOD) of
1.25 µg kg -1 of milk and mean recoveries of 97.8 to 107.5% were achieved.
Emerging Promise of Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Hope for the Development of Alzheimer’s Vaccine
Authors: Kabir Md. Tanvir , Uddin Md. Sahab , Mathew Bijo , Das Pankoj Kumar , Perveen Asma , Ashraf Ghulam Md. 
Published: April 2020

Background:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the characteristics of this devastating disorder include the progressive and disabling deficits in the cognitive functions including reasoning, attention, judgment, comprehension, memory, and language.Objective:In this article, we have focused on the recent progress that has been achieved in the development of an effective AD vaccine.Summary:Currently, available treatment options of AD are limited to deliver short-term symptomatic relief only. A number of strategies targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed in order to treat or prevent AD. In order to exert an effective immune response, an AD vaccine should contain adjuvants that can induce an effective anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. AD vaccines should also possess the immunogens which have the capacity to stimulate a protective immune response against various cytotoxic Aβ conformers. The induction of an effective vaccine’s immune response would necessitate the parallel delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells (DCs) and their priming to stimulate a Th2-polarized response. The aforesaid immune response is likely to mediate the generation of neutralizing antibodies against the neurotoxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and also anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing the AD-related inflammation.Conclusion:Since there is an age-related decline in the immune functions, therefore vaccines are more likely to prevent AD instead of providing treatment. AD vaccines might be an effective and convenient approach to avoid the treatment-related huge expense.
Aiming at Ideal Therapeutics-MOPr/DOPr or MOPr-DOPr Heteromertargeting Ligand
Authors: Fujita Wakako 
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective:
The recent alarming reports related to “opioid crisis” necessitate
the development of safer and effective analgesics without unwanted side effects. Thus, there needs
to be an alternative target or strategy for the development of drugs for the treatment of opioid
use/abuse. As one of the novel targets, in these two decades, ligands targeting opioid receptor “heteromerization”
including mu-opioid receptor (MOPr)-delta opioid receptor (DOPr) heteromer have been
proposed and the pharmacological advancement of reduced side effects has been broadly accepted and
well recognized. In this review, some of the ligands targeting both MOPr and DOPr or MOPr-DOPr
heteromers are introduced especially focusing on their pharmacological effects in vivo.

Conclusion:
It has been found that most of those ligands possess potent antinociceptive activity (as
much as or higher than that of morphine) with reduced side effects such as tolerance. In addition, some
of them are also able to reduce or prevent physiological withdrawal symptoms observed under chronic
opioid use. Importantly, there are an increasing number of evidence that show changes in heteromer
expression in various pathological animal models and these strongly argue for targeting heteromers for
the development of the next generation of pain medication in the near future.
In silico and in vitro Studies of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Effective Antibacterial Agents against Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Hodyna Diana , Kovalishyn Vasyl , Semenyuta Ivan , Blagodatny Volodymyr , Rogalsky Sergiy , Metelytsia Larysa 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Escherichia coli especially its multiresistant strains as the common foodborne
pathogens cause bloodstream infections, nosocomial pneumonia, infections of the skin and
soft tissues. Therefore, the search for new effective biologically active compounds has been rapidly
increasing in recent few decades. In this paper, we describe Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships
(QSAR) studies, molecular docking and in vitro antibacterial activity evaluation of a series
of imidazolium-based Ionic Liquids (ILs) against E. coli spp.

Methods:
M2D fragment-based, classification and regression QSAR models were created using machine
learning methods and types of descriptors via the OCHEM server. Biological testing of a series
of synthesized imidazolium ILs with predicted activity was performed by the disc diffusion
method. The most typical structures of symmetric and asymmetric ILs with high anti-E. coli activity
(1e, 1h) were docked into the active site of Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (ENR) in E.
coli.

Results:
Symmetric imidazolium ILs with C8 alkyl chain length demonstrated the highest antibacterial
activity in comparison to the high antibacterial potential of asymmetric ILs with C12 alkyl
chain length against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant E. coli strains including hemolytic E. coli. It
should be noted that symmetric ILs with C6 or C9 alkyl chain length have a slightly lower activity
against certain E. coli strains. The key role in the binding of compounds (1e, 1h) in the E. coli ENR
active site is associated with the NAD molecule and the amino acid residue Tyr146.

Conclusion:
The highly active symmetric and asymmetric imidazolium ILs can be considered as
promising drug-candidates effective against E. coli spp. pathogens including multidrug-resistant
strains.
Hispidin and Lepidine E: Two Natural Compounds and Folic Acid as Potential Inhibitors of 2019-novel Coronavirus Main Protease (2019-nCoVMpro), Molecular Docking and SAR Study
Authors: Serseg Talia , Benarous Khedidja , Yousfi Mohamed 
Published: April 2020

Background:
2019-nCoVis, a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified in 2019 in
the city of Wuhan, China. On February 17, 2020 and according to the World Health Organization,
71, 429 confirmed cases worldwide were identified, among them 2162 new cases were recorded in
the last 24 hours. One month later, the confirmed cases jumped to 179111, with 11525 new cases in
the last 24 hours, with 7426 total deaths. No drug or vaccine is present at the moment for human
and animal coronavirus.

Methods:
The inhibition of 3CL hydrolase enzyme provides a promising therapeutic principle for
developing treatments against CoViD-19. The 3CLpro (Mpro) is known for involving in counteracting
the host innate immune response.

Results:
This work presents the inhibitory effect of some natural compounds against 3CL hydrolase
enzyme, and explains the main interactions in inhibitor-enzyme complex. Molecular docking study
was carried out using Autodock Vina. By screening several molecules, we identified three candidate
agents that inhibit the main protease of coronavirus. Hispidin, lepidine E, and folic acid are
bound tightly in the enzyme, therefore strong hydrogen bonds have been formed (1.69-1.80Å) with
the active site residues.

Conclusion:
This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for CoViD-19.
Promising Strategies for Overcoming BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Based on Known Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Li Qing-Shan , Shen Bang-Nian , Xu Hua-Jian , Ruan Ban-Feng 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Almost 50% of metastatic melanomas harbor BRAF mutations. Since 2011, BRAF
inhibitors have exhibited striking clinical benefits in BRAF-mutant melanoma patients. Unfortunately, their
therapeutic effects are often temporary. The resistance mechanisms vary and can be broadly classified as MAPK
reactivation-dependent and -independent. Elucidation of these resistance mechanisms provides new insights into
strategies for overcoming resistance. Indeed, several alternative treatment strategies, including changes in the
mode of administration, combinations of BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and immunotherapy have been verified as
beneficial to BRAF inhibitor-resistant melanoma patients.

Prospect:
In this review, we discuss promising strategies for overcoming drug resistance and highlighting the
prospects for discovering strategies to counteract BRAF inhibitor resistance.
Crude Methanol Extract of Rosin Gum Exhibits Specific Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cells via Apoptosis Induction
Authors: El-Hallouty Salwa M. , Soliman Ahmed A.F. , Nassrallah Amr , Salamatullah Ahmad , Alkaltham Mohammed S. , Kamal Khaled Y. , Hanafy Eman A. , Gaballa Hanan S. , Aboul-Soud Mourad A.M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Rosin (Colophony) is a natural resin derived from species of the pine family Pinaceae.
It has wide industrial applications including printing inks, photocopying paper, adhesives and varnishes, soap
and soda. Rosin and its derivatives are employed as ingredients in various pharmaceutical products such as
ointments and plasters. Rosin-based products contain allergens that may exert some occupational health problems
such as asthma and contact dermatitis.

Objective:
Our knowledge of the pharmaceutical and medicinal properties of rosin is limited. The current study
aims at investigating the cytotoxic potential of Rosin-Derived Crude Methanolic Extract (RD-CME) and elucidation
of its mode-of-action against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231).

Methods:
Crude methanol extract was prepared from rosin. Its phenolic contents were analyzed by Reversed-
Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH
radical-scavenging assay. Antiproliferation activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cancerous cells was investigated
by MTT assay; its potency compared with doxorubicin as positive control and specificity were assessed
compared to two non-cancerous cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12F). Selected apoptosis protein markers were
assayed by western blotting. Cell cycle analysis was performed by Annexin V-FITC/PI FACS assay.

Results:
RD-CME exhibited significant and selective cytotoxicity against the two tested breast cancer cells
(MCF-7 and MDA-MB231) compared to normal cells as revealed by MTT assay. ELISA and western blotting
indicated that the observed antiproliferative activity of RD-CME is mediated via the engagement of an intrinsic
apoptosis signaling pathway, as judged by enhanced expression of key pro-apoptotic protein markers (p53, Bax
and Casp 3) relative to vehicle solvent-treated MCF-7 control cells.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the medicinal anticancer and antioxidant
potential of crude methanolic extract derived from colophony rosin. We provided evidence that RD-CME exhibits
strong antioxidant and anticancer effects. The observed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 is proposed to take
place via G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Colophony resin has a great potential to join the arsenal of plantderived
natural anticancer drugs. Further thorough investigation of the potential cytotoxicity of RD-CME
against various cancerous cell lines is required to assess the spectrum and potency of its novel activity.
Numerical Computational Study of Photoacoustic Signals from Eye Models to Detect Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: ElGohary Sherif H. , Azab Shaimaa A. , Metwally Mohamed K. , Hassan Noha S. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is essential in clinical ophthalmology as it may prevent sight degradation. In this paper, a complete Photoacoustic (PA) analysis is implemented to detect DR in three different eye models representing a healthy eye as well as two abnormal eyes exhibiting Non-Proliferative Retinopathy (NPDR), and Proliferative Retinopathy (PDR)

Methods & Materials:
Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the interaction of a 0.8 ns duration laser pulse with eye tissues at 750 nm wavelength. Thermal, structural and acoustical analyses were performed using the Finite Element Method (FEM).

Results:
The results showed that there is a significant change in the amplitude of the detected PA signal for abnormal eye tissues in the retina (P < 0.05) as compared to healthy eye tissues. The maximum amplitude of the received PA signal in the NPDR and the PDR eye models is 5% and 33%, respectively, which are greater than those observed in the healthy eye.

Conclusion:
These results may provide insights into using PA imaging to detect DR.
Recent Updates in the Alzheimer’s Disease Etiopathology and Possible Treatment Approaches: A Narrative Review of Current Clinical Trials
Authors: Zarini-Gakiye Elahe , Amini Javad , Sanadgol Nima , Vaezi Gholamhassan , Parivar Kazem 
Published: April 2020

Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent subtype of incurable neurodegenerative dementias and its etiopathology is still not clearly elucidated.Objective:Outline the ongoing clinical trials (CTs) in the field of AD, in order to find novel master regulators.Methods:We strictly reviewed all scientific reports from Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases from January 2010 to January 2019. The search terms were “Alzheimer's disease” or “dementia” and “medicine” or “drug” or “treatment” and “clinical trials” and “interventions”. Manuscripts that met the objective of this study were included for further evaluations.Results:Drug candidates have been categorized into two main groups including antibodies, peptides or hormones (such as Ponezumab, Interferon β-1a, Solanezumab, Filgrastim, Levemir, Apidra, and Estrogen), and naturally-derived ingredients or small molecules (such as Paracetamol, Ginkgo, Escitalopram, Simvastatin, Cilostazo, and Ritalin-SR). The majority of natural candidates acted as anti-inflammatory or/and anti-oxidant and antibodies exert their actions via increasing amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance or decreasing Tau aggregation. Among small molecules, most of them that are present in the last phases act as specific antagonists (Suvorexant, Idalopirdine, Intepirdine, Trazodone, Carvedilol, and Risperidone) or agonists (Dextromethorphan, Resveratrol, Brexpiprazole) and frequently ameliorate cognitive dysfunctions.Conclusion:The presences of a small number of candidates in the last phase suggest that a large number of candidates have had an undesirable side effect or were unable to pass essential eligibility for future phases. Among successful treatment approaches, clearance of Aβ, recovery of cognitive deficits, and control of acute neuroinflammation are widely chosen. It is predicted that some FDA-approved drugs, such as Paracetamol, Risperidone, Escitalopram, Simvastatin, Cilostazoand, and Ritalin-SR, could also be used in off-label ways for AD. This review improves our ability to recognize novel treatments for AD and suggests approaches for the clinical trial design for this devastating disease in the near future.
A Novel Two-phase Soft Starter Used for Three-phase Asynchronous Motors
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Dang Hongshe 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Traditional thyristor-based three-phase soft starters of induction motor often
suffer from high starting current and heavy harmonics. Moreover, both the trigger pulse generation
and driving circuit design are usually complicated.

Methods:
To address these issues, we propose a novel soft starter structure using fully controlled
IGBTs in this paper. Compared to approaches of traditional design, this structure only uses twophase
as the input, and each phase is controlled by a power module that is composed of one IGBT
and four diodes.

Results:
Consequently, both driving circuit and control design are greatly simplified due to the requirement
of fewer controlled power semiconductor switches, which leads to the reduction of the
total cost.

Conclusion:
Both Matlab/Simulink simulation results and experimental results on a prototype
demonstrate that the proposed soft starter can achieve better performances than traditional thyristorbased
soft starters for Starting Current (RMS) and harmonics.