bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience using multielectrode cardiac catheters for detection of electrophysiologic activity of the human urinary bladder
Authors: Ford Alexcis T. , Lloyd Michael , Iravanian Shahriar , Northington Gina , Kelley Robert S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the feasibility of commercially available multielectrode cardiac electrophysiology catheters to detect electrical activity in the human bladder.MethodsTen subjects requiring cystoscopy for the evaluation of lower urinary tract pathology were eligible for participation in our study. After routine rigid cystoscopy with a 70° cystoscope, various multielectrode cardiac electrophysiology catheters were introduced into the bladder. One of three catheters with different electrode configurations was used per subject. Electroanatomical images of the bladder were created and spontaneous electrical activity was recorded. Subjective response to electrical stimuli delivered across the electrodes (20 mA at 5 ms pulse width, rate 100 ms) was also recorded. The responses were qualitatively compared with that from a prior study.ResultsElectrical activity recorded at the dome of the bladder was less than 0.5 mV and low frequency. Myopotentials resembling smooth muscle were detected at electrodes near or within the trigone. A sensory response was reported with the use of pacing stimuli, with the sensation in the trigone being reported more often than the dome of the bladder. Stimulation in the trigone triggered sensory urgency and voiding in a patient with a history of overactive bladder.ConclusionsThe use of multielectrode catheters to measure human bladder electrophysiologic activity is feasible. Issues with noise reduction still exist, though to a lesser extent with the multielectrode basket design than simple quadripolar one. Sensory responses to pacing stimuli may be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the future.
Haar‐wavelet based approximation for pricing American options under linear complementarity formulations
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Deswal Komal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this manuscript, we present a novel and highly accurate wavelet‐based approximation technique to explore the sensitivities and value of American options diagnosed by linear complementarity problems. For a detailed analysis of such financially relevant problems, we transform the actual final value problem into a dimensionless initial value problem. To avoid the unacceptable large truncation error, the unbounded domain is trimmed into a bounded domain. A remarkable observation is that to investigate the various physical and numerical aspects of the options' sensitivities; the proposed scheme is efficient as it explicitly provides the numerical approximation of all the derivatives of the solution function. The multiresolution technique of the wavelets and the convergence of the proposed wavelet scheme are comprehensively analyzed. The wavelet analysis is accompanied by illustrative examples to demonstrate the proficiency and robustness of the present method coupled with graphical representations. It has been shown that the present method is efficient to solve free boundary problems. It is worthy to note that the highly accurate and promising computational results are enough to confirm the performance of the proposed method. The simulated results of options' Greeks analyzed and discussed have vast applications in different financial institutes and trading markets.
Allopurinol‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions: Risk minimization measures in Malaysia
Authors: Panickar Rema , Wo Wee Kee , Ali Norleen M. , Tang Min Moon , Ramanathan G. R. Letchuman , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Aziz Zoriah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo describe risk minimization measures (RMMs) implemented in Malaysia for allopurinol‐induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) and examine their impact using real‐world data on allopurinol usage and adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports associated with allopurinol.MethodsData on allopurinol ADR reports (2000‐2018) were extracted from the Malaysian ADR database. We identified RMMs implemented between 2000 and 2018 from the minutes of relevant meetings and the national pharmacovigilance newsletter. We obtained allopurinol utilization data (2004‐2018) from the Pharmaceutical Services Programme. To determine the impact of RMMs on ADR reporting, we considered ADR reports received within 1 year of RMM implementation. We used the Pearson χ2 test to examine the relation between the implementation of RMMs and allopurinol ADR reports.ResultsThe 16 RMMs for allopurinol‐related SCARs implemented in Malaysia involved nine risk communications, four prescriber or patient educational material, and three health system innovations. Allopurinol utilization decreased by 21.5% from 2004 to 2018. ADR reporting rates for all drugs (n = 144 507) and allopurinol (n = 1747) increased. ADR reports involving off‐label use decreased by 6% from 2011. SCARs cases remained between 20% and 50%. RMMs implemented showed statistically significant reduction in ADR reports involving off‐label use for August 2014 [χ2 (1, N = 258) = 5.32, P = .021] and October 2016 [χ2 (1, N = 349) = 3.85, P = .0499].ConclusionsRMMs to promote the appropriate use of allopurinol and prescriber education have a positive impact. We need further measures to reduce the incidence and severity of allopurinol‐induced SCARs, such as patient education and more research into pharmacogenetic screening.
High affinity Na+ transport by wheat HKT1;5 is blocked by K+
Authors: Xu Bo , Hrmova Maria , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe wheat sodium transporters TmHKT1;5‐A and TaHKT1;5‐D are encoded by genes underlying the major shoot Na+ exclusion loci Nax2 and Kna1 from Triticum monococcum (Tm) and Triticum aestivum (Ta), respectively. In contrast to HKT2 transporters that have been shown to exhibit high affinity K+‐dependent Na+ transport, HKT1 proteins have, with one exception, only been shown to catalyze low affinity Na+ transport and no K+ transport. Here, using heterologous expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes we uncover a novel property of HKT1 proteins, that both TmHKT1;5‐A and TaHKT1;5‐D encode dual (high and low) affinity Na+‐transporters with the high‐affinity component being abolished when external K+ is in excess of external Na+. Three‐dimensional structural modeling suggested that, compared to Na+, K+ is bound more tightly in the selectivity filter region by means of additional van der Waals forces, which is likely to explain the K+ block at the molecular level. The low‐affinity component for Na+ transport of TmHKT1;5‐A had a lower Km than that of TaHKT1;5‐D and was less sensitive to external K+. We propose that these properties contribute towards the improvements in shoot Na+‐exclusion and crop plant salt tolerance following the introgression of TmHKT1;5‐A into diverse wheat backgrounds.
Short Pulse Initiation of an RDX‐Based Explosive Using Large Diameter Flyer‐Plate Impacts
Authors: Neel Christopher , Sable Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTen impact experiments are presented that probe the initiation behavior of an RDX‐based explosive. The explosive pellets were impacted by thin aluminum impactors supported by low‐impedance polymers, thereby subjecting the pellets to short duration shocks. Impact conditions were used to determine impact tilt, pulse pressure and duration, sample transit time, and whether or not a detonation occurred. Exploding Foil Initiator (EFI) launchers were used as a baseline for evaluating the technique, and it was found that the present technique addresses multiple shortcomings of EFI‐based systems. The aluminum foil allowed impacts with pressure durations of 70–80 ns, resulting in input conditions closely matching those of EFI‐based systems. The thicker aluminum plate impactors resulted in pulse durations of approximately 600 ns and allowed access to a previously inaccessible region of the initiation curve. Initiation thresholds were bracketed using both impactors, and the data is compared with complementary initiation data from EFI‐based systems with good agreement. Based on the results and closely related work, a novel, physically‐based criterion is proposed to allow the initiation curve to be predicted based on the explosive's unreacted equation of state and sustained‐pulse, shock‐to‐detonation run distance (the “Pop‐plot”), giving a physical basis for previously published observations. Finally, the criterion is applied to the data available to propose a relationship between pressure, pulse duration, and run distance, suggesting that input pulse durations of 50–100 % higher than the critical condition should be applied to approximate the run distance of a sustained pulse.
Extending Quantum Links: Modules for Fiber‐ and Memory‐Based Quantum Repeaters
Authors: van Loock Peter , Alt Wolfgang , Becher Christoph , Benson Oliver , Boche Holger , Deppe Christian , Eschner Jürgen , Höfling Sven , Meschede Dieter , Michler Peter , Schmidt Frank , Weinfurter Harald 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElementary building blocks for quantum repeaters based on fiber channels and memory stations are analyzed. Implementations are considered for three different physical platforms, for which suitable components are available: quantum dots, trapped atoms and ions, and color centers in diamond. The performances of basic quantum repeater links for these platforms are evaluated and compared, both for present‐day, state‐of‐the‐art experimental parameters as well as for parameters that can in principle be reached in the future. The ultimate goal is to experimentally explore regimes at intermediate distances—up to a few 100 km—in which the repeater‐assisted secret key transmission rates exceed the maximal rate achievable via direct transmission. Two different protocols are considered, one of which is better adapted to the higher source clock rate and lower memory coherence time of the quantum dot platform, while the other circumvents the need of writing photonic quantum states into the memories in a heralded, nondestructive fashion. The elementary building blocks and protocols can be connected in a modular form to construct a quantum repeater system that is potentially scalable to large distances.
Long‐term effects of lime and phosphogypsum on soil carbon and nitrogen and physical attributes under tropical no‐till
Authors: da Costa Claudio Hideo Martins , Wander Michelle M. , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Ugarte Carmen , Rigon João Paulo Gonsiorkiewicz , Soratto Rogério Peres , Calonego Juliano Carlos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLime and phosphogypsum applications are well‐established practices in weathered soils, and their surface application under no‐till (NT) can affect soil physical attributes and C and N fractions. This study determined the long‐term (10‐yr) effects of lime and phosphogypsum applications to the soil surface on soil C and N fractions of a tropical NT field. The experimental design was a randomized block with four treatments and four replications. The following treatments were applied in October 2002, November 2004, and October 2010, respectively: limestone (2,000 kg ha−1), phosphogypsum (2,100 kg ha−1), and limestone (2,000 kg ha−1) plus phosphogypsum (2,100 kg ha−1). In general, after 10 yr of liming, both alone and when associated with phosphogypsum, the cumulative crop straw inputs were increased at least 20% across the years, and the C fractions increased remarkably at different soil depths. Both treatments improved the SOC stocks by 24% (12.5–15.6 Mg ha−1) at 0.1–0.2‐m soil depths and by 10% (30.6–33.8 Mg ha−1) at 0–0.2‐m soil depths, and in general the soil aggregation at 0–0.4‐m soil depths. However, the particulate C and N fractions were reduced at 0–0.05‐m soil depth, suggesting a slight response to the transitory trend of soil organic C (SOC) depletion. Liming, both alone and when associated with phosphogypsum, overcame the transitory C pool depletion and improved soil aggregation, soil C fractions, and SOC stocks and could be considered an important factor that drives the sustainability of cropping systems under NT.
The incessant inbox: Evaluating the relevance of after‐hours e‐mail characteristics for work‐related rumination and well‐being
Authors: Minnen Molly E. , Mitropoulos Tanya , Rosenblatt Alexa K. , Calderwood Charles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile many employees read and respond to work‐related e‐mails in the evenings after work, the mechanisms through which after‐hours e‐mailing influences well‐being remain poorly understood. In particular, there has been limited consideration of whether different characteristics of after‐hours e‐mails (frequency, duration, perceived tone) may trigger work‐related rumination that influences employee well‐being at bedtime (i.e., the end of the post‐work period). To address this gap in the literature, data were collected from 59 employees during a 5‐day daily survey period. We expected after‐hours e‐mail frequency, duration, and perceived tone to indirectly relate to employee vigour and fatigue at bedtime (two common well‐being criteria) via affective rumination and problem‐solving pondering (two major forms of work‐related rumination). Our results indicated that a more negatively perceived after‐hours e‐mail tone influenced both vigour and fatigue via affective rumination. Further, our findings suggested diverging implications of after‐hours e‐mailing frequency and duration for problem‐solving pondering, with longer duration and more frequent after‐hours e‐mailing co‐varying with higher and lower levels of this form of rumination, respectively. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering various characteristics of after‐hours e‐mailing and corresponding implications of work‐related rumination when studying employee well‐being.
Better to have led and lost than never to have led at all? Lost leadership and effort provision in dynamic tournaments
Authors: Gutierrez Cédric , Obloj Tomasz , Frank Douglas H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryIn this paper, we develop and test a behavioral theory of lost leadership. Using insights from the literature on goals as reference points and goal‐setting theory, we predict that former leaders exert more effort compared to otherwise identical competitors. We test this prediction using two contexts. The first data comes from an educational business simulation game. The second setting draws on field data from a 2‐month banking sales contest. We find that provision of effort increases following the loss of leadership. We also explore whether past leaders exert more effort in general or shift effort from other, potentially less‐salient goals. We find evidence of both mechanisms. Finally, investigating the temporal effects, we find that having been a leader has an attenuating effect on subsequent behavior.Managerial SummaryMany competitions—such as sports championships, sales contests, idea‐sourcing challenges, and competitions for promotions—can be understood as dynamic tournaments, in which rivals rise and fall in the provisional rankings as they compete over time for a terminal prize. This performance volatility can have important consequences for contestants' behavior. Focusing on the event of lost leadership, we show that former leaders try harder: those that are displaced from a prize‐eligible position exert more effort in subsequent rounds, compared with identically placed rivals who have never led. Former leaders provide more effort overall, and also shift attention away from other tasks. Our results, which suggest that setbacks can be motivational, have implications for the optimal design of dynamic competitions.
Process hybridization schemes for multiscale engineered tissue biofabrication
Authors: Chansoria Parth , Schuchard Karl , Shirwaiker Rohan A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecapitulation of multiscale structure–function properties of cells, cell‐secreted extracellular matrix, and 3D architecture of natural tissues is central to engineering biomimetic tissue substitutes. Toward achieving biomimicry, a variety of biofabrication processes have been developed, which can be broadly classified into five categories—fiber and fabric formation, additive manufacturing, surface modification, remote fields, and other notable processes—each with specific advantages and limitations. The majority of biofabrication literature has focused on using a single process at a time, which often limits the range of tissues that could be created with relevant features that span nano to macro scales. With multiscale biomimicry as the goal, development of hybrid biofabrication strategies that synergistically unite two or more processes to complement each other's strengths and limitations has been steadily increasing. This work discusses recent literature in this domain and attempts to equip the reader with the understanding of selecting appropriate processes that can harmonize toward creating engineered tissues with appropriate multiscale structure–function properties. Opportunities related to various hybridization schemes and a future outlook on scale‐up biofabrication have also been discussed.This article is categorized under:Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in BiologyImplantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Did the COVID‐19 Pandemic Cause a Delay in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis?
Authors: Turanli Sevim , Kiziltan Gamze 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAppendectomy for acute appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical procedures. This study aims to assess the clinical presentation and delays in diagnosing acute appendicitis during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe evaluated data of all adult patients who underwent an appendectomy at our hospital between June 1, 2019 and June 1, 2020. Demographic data, admission type to the emergency room, radiological findings, pathological findings, and hospitalization time were noted. Patients were divided into four groups of 3‐month periods, pre (Groups 5, 4, 3, 2) and during the pandemic (Group 1). Hospitalization time and perforation status of each group were compared. The hospital admission type and their effect on perforation were also evaluated.ResultsTwo hundred and fourteen patients were included; 135 patients were male, and 57 were female. The median age was 39 years. In Group 1 (pandemic period), 28.8% of patients were referred to us from pandemic hospitals. The median hospitalization time was 7.3 h before pandemics (Group 2–5), 5 h in the pandemic period (Group 1). Perforation rates were 27.8% in Group 1, 23.3% in Group 2, 16.3% in Group 3, 14.0% in Group 4, and 18.6% in Group 5 (0 = 0.58). There was no difference in the patients in Group 1 in the rate of perforated appendicitis in patients who were referred from other pandemic hospitals (29.4) and those admitted via our own emergency room (16.6%) (p = 0.27) during the pandemic period.ConclusionWe did not observe any clear increase in the diagnosis of perforated appendicitis during the pandemic period, even in patients who were transferred from other hospitals.
Haplotype data and forensic evaluation of 23 Y-STR and 12 X-STR loci in eight ethnic groups from Eritrea
Authors: Bini Carla , Sarno Stefania , Tangorra Elisabetta , Iuvaro Alessandra , De Fanti Sara , Tseghereda Yohannes Ghebremedhin , Pelotti Susi , Luiselli Donata 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEritrea is a multi-ethnic country of over 3 million of people consisting of different ethnic groups, having each its own language and cultural tradition. Due to the lack of population genetic data for markers of forensic interest, in this study, we analyzed the genetic polymorphisms of 23 Y-chromosome STR loci and of 12 X-chromosome STR loci in a sample of 255 unrelated individuals from 8 Eritrean ethnic groups, with the aim to generate a reference haplotype database for anthropological and forensic applications. X- and Y-chromosomes markers may indeed offer information especially in personal identification and kinship testing, when relying on the availability of large local population data to derive sufficiently accurate frequency estimates. The population genetic analyses in the Eritrean sample for both the two set of Y- and X-STR markers showed high power of discrimination both at country-based and population levels. Comparison population results highlight the importance of considering the ethnic composition within the analyzed country and the necessity of increasing available data especially when referring to heterogeneous populations such as the African ones.
„Psychotherapie im Tageszentrum für Borderlinestörung“ Institut für Psychotherapie mit Tageszentrum für Borderlinestörung, Psychosoziale Dienste in Wien
Authors: Margreiter Susanne 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Behandlung von Patient_innen mit der Diagnose „Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung“ in einem ambulanten, therapeutischen Setting. Seit September 2009 Jahren bieten wir im Tageszentrum des Instituts für Psychotherapie des PSD Wien (Psychosoziale Dienste Wien) ein intensives, störungsspezifisches, verhaltenstherapeutisch basiertes Therapieprogramm über 12 Wochen für betroffene Patient_innen an. Tagesklinische Angebote haben viele Vorteile, z. B. den direkteren Transfer des Gelernten in den Alltag, erfordern aber auch viel Flexibilität und Unmittelbarkeit in der Behandlung.Patient_innen, die an einer Borderline Störung erkrankt sind, benötigen, je nach Schweregrad der Erkrankung, häufig ein sehr komplexes Behandlungsangebot, das im Rahmen einer spezialisierten Institution leichter angeboten werden kann, als in Einzelpraxen. Als psychotherapeutische Einrichtung des PSD Wien sind wir gut vernetzt und können auch im Krisenfall schnell und effizient handeln. Die Versorgungssituation betroffener Patient_innen in Österreich ist prekär, die ambulanten Angebote für diese Patient_innengruppe sind nicht in ausreichender Menge vorhanden.Generell stellt die psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutische Versorgungssituation von Patient_innen mit einer Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) für alle Behandlungseinrichtungen eine große therapeutische aber auch finanzielle Herausforderung dar. Mit Anteilen von 8–30 % in der ambulanten und 15–20 % in der stationären allgemeinpsychiatrischen Versorgung sowie 60–80 % im forensischen Bereich ist die BPSdiePersönlichkeitsstörung mit der höchsten klinischen Relevanz (Bolm 2009).Nach kurzer Darstellung der zugrundeliegenden fachlichen Konzepte wird das Therapieprogramm des Tageszentrums für Borderlinestörung (TAZ-B) vorgestellt.Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen werden therapeutische Prozesse und Problemstellungen dieses Krankheitsbildes verdeutlicht. Mit einem Ausblick in die Zukunft der Behandlung von Patient_innen mit Borderline Persönlichkeitsstörung schließt der Artikel.
Darcy-Forchheimer flow with nonlinear mixed convection
Authors: Hayat T. , Haider F. , Alsaedi A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn analysis of the mixed convective flow of viscous fluids induced by a nonlinear inclined stretching surface is addressed. Heat and mass transfer phenomena are analyzed with additional effects of heat generation/absorption and activation energy, respectively. The nonlinear Darcy-Forchheimer relation is deliberated. The dimensionless problem is obtained through appropriate transformations. Convergent series solutions are obtained by utilizing an optimal homotopic analysis method (OHAM). Graphs depicting the consequence of influential variables on physical quantities are presented. Enhancement in the velocity is observed through the local mixed convection parameter while an opposite trend of the concentration field is noted for the chemical reaction rate parameter.