bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do young people who self‐harm find helpful? A comparative study of young people with and without experience of being looked after in care
Authors: Holland Josephine , Sayal Kapil , Berry Alexandra , Sawyer Chelsea , Majumder Pallab , Vostanis Panos , Armstrong Marie , Harroe Caroline , Clarke David , Townsend Ellen 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSelf‐harm amongst young people is an increasing problem, with looked‐after young people at higher risk. Despite this, little research exists on what young people who self‐harm find helpful.MethodOne hundred and twenty‐six 11–21 year olds (53 who had experience of the care system and 73 who did not) were recruited from the community and NHS. All participants had self‐harmed in the past 6 months. Participants completed an Audio Computer‐Assisted Self‐interview (ACASI) regarding their views about the support they had received, how helpful it was, and what further help they felt they needed.ResultsLooked‐after young people reported the three most helpful sources of support were Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), friends and pets and the least helpful were CAMHS, Accident and Emergency (A&E) and Social services. For non‐looked‐after young people, CAMHS, counselling and Harmless (user‐led support service for self‐harm) were most helpful and CAMHS, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and general practitioner (GP) were the least. Compared with the other group, more looked‐after young people had received help from A&E and CAMHS, whereas more non‐looked‐after young people had accessed GPs, parents, psychological therapies, self‐help books and websites. More looked‐after young people found support groups helpful, and more non‐looked‐after young people reported that distraction techniques, medication and their siblings were helpful.ConclusionYoung people who self‐harm have mixed views about CAMHS. Differences in the pattern of access and preferences for support between looked‐after and non‐looked‐after young people should be reflected in service availability and commissioning.Key Practitioner Message

Little is known about what young people who self‐harm find helpful, particularly for looked‐after young people.

CAMHS was named amongst the most helpful and the least helpful services by both looked‐after and non‐looked‐after young people.

Social services and A&E were frequently cited amongst the least helpful sources of support.

Young people report finding informal support helpful, including family and friends.

There appears to be a need for explorations of the reasons behind the apparent negative perception of statutory services in young people, and what is required to shift that.
Repurposed molecules for antiepileptogenesis: Missing an opportunity to prevent epilepsy?
Authors: Klein Pavel , Friedman Alon , Hameed Mustafa Q. , Kaminski Rafal M. , Bar‐Klein Guy , Klitgaard Henrik , Koepp Mathias , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Prince David A. , Rotenberg Alexander , Twyman Roy , Vezzani Annamaria , Wong Michael , Löscher Wolfgang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevention of epilepsy is a great unmet need. Acute central nervous system (CNS) insults such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), and CNS infections account for 15%‐20% of all epilepsy. Following TBI and CVA, there is a latency of days to years before epilepsy develops. This allows treatment to prevent or modify postinjury epilepsy. No such treatment exists. In animal models of acquired epilepsy, a number of medications in clinical use for diverse indications have been shown to have antiepileptogenic or disease‐modifying effects, including medications with excellent side effect profiles. These include atorvastatin, ceftriaxone, losartan, isoflurane, N‐acetylcysteine, and the antiseizure medications levetiracetam, brivaracetam, topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, vigabatrin, and eslicarbazepine acetate. In addition, there are preclinical antiepileptogenic data for anakinra, rapamycin, fingolimod, and erythropoietin, although these medications have potential for more serious side effects. However, except for vigabatrin, there have been almost no translation studies to prevent or modify epilepsy using these potentially “repurposable” medications. We may be missing an opportunity to develop preventive treatment for epilepsy by not evaluating these medications clinically. One reason for the lack of translation studies is that the preclinical data for most of these medications are disparate in terms of types of injury, models within different injury type, dosing, injury–treatment initiation latencies, treatment duration, and epilepsy outcome evaluation mode and duration. This makes it difficult to compare the relative strength of antiepileptogenic evidence across the molecules, and difficult to determine which drug(s) would be the best to evaluate clinically. Furthermore, most preclinical antiepileptogenic studies lack information needed for translation, such as dose–blood level relationship, brain target engagement, and dose‐response, and many use treatment parameters that cannot be applied clinically, for example, treatment initiation before or at the time of injury and dosing higher than tolerated human equivalent dosing. Here, we review animal and human antiepileptogenic evidence for these medications. We highlight the gaps in our knowledge for each molecule that need to be filled in order to consider clinical translation, and we suggest a platform of preclinical antiepileptogenesis evaluation of potentially repurposable molecules or their combinations going forward.
Long‐term changes in littoral fish community structure and resilience of total catch to re‐oligotrophication in a large, peri‐alpine European lake
Authors: Sabel Maike , Eckmann Reiner , Jeppesen Erik , Rösch Roland , Straile Dietmar 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The littoral zone of lakes is used as spawning, shelter, or feeding habitat for many fish species and hence is of key importance for overall lake functioning. Despite this, hardly any studies exist examining the long‐term dynamics and response of the littoral fish community, composed mostly of juvenile fish, to environmental change. Here, we study the response of total catch per unit effort (CPUE) and individual species CPUE of such a community to 17 years of oligotrophication and examine whether the species responses can be characterised as synchronous or asynchronous.

We analyse a data set of beach seine catches carried out during morning and twilight, late spring and late summer at three sites in large and deep Lake Constance from 1997 to 2014. Generalised additive mixed models were used to explore changes in CPUE of the overall community and of the most frequently occurring species, and Kendall's W test was applied to examine whether the dynamics of fish species were synchronous or asynchronous.

Species‐specific and total CPUE strongly differed between morning and twilight and between spring and summer indicating an important role of behavioural and life cycle adaptations of species for CPUE. In addition, also the CPUE of some species seeking shelter behind larger stones was lower at sites without these.

Total CPUE did not decline suggesting the overall abundance of littoral fish was resilient to declining nutrients. In contrast, fish community composition changed strongly during the study period due to increases in some species (dace, loach, perch) and decreases in others (bream, burbot, chub, ruffe), indicating response diversity of fish to oligotrophication. The type of community dynamics was scale‐dependent, whereby significantly synchronous dynamics according to Kendall's W were observed when taking seasonal variability into account. In contrast, significantly asynchronous species dynamics were observed when only the low‐frequency variability of species dynamics was considered separately for spring and summer time series.

Resilience of littoral fish total CPUE to oligotrophication might have important consequences for ecosystem dynamics and ecosystem services beyond the littoral zone. As small fish often impose strong predation pressure on zooplankton, their resilience might sustain a high top‐down control on zooplankton resulting in a further reduction of zooplankton biomass. This could contribute to delayed food web responses and reduced growth of fish with oligotrophication.
Altered climate leads to positive density‐dependent feedbacks in a tropical wet forest
Authors: Bachelot Benedicte , Alonso‐Rodríguez Aura M. , Aldrich‐Wolfe Laura , Cavaleri Molly A. , Reed Sasha C. , Wood Tana E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change is predicted to result in warmer and drier Neotropical forests relative to current conditions. Negative density‐dependent feedbacks, mediated by natural enemies, are key to maintaining the high diversity of tree species found in the tropics, yet we have little understanding of how projected changes in climate are likely to affect these critical controls. Over 3 years, we evaluated the effects of a natural drought and in situ experimental warming on density‐dependent feedbacks on seedling demography in a wet tropical forest in Puerto Rico. In the +4°C warming treatment, we found that seedling survival increased with increasing density of the same species (conspecific). These positive density‐dependent feedbacks were not associated with a decrease in aboveground natural enemy pressure. If positive density‐dependent feedbacks are not transient, the diversity of tropical wet forests, which may rely on negative density dependence to drive diversity, could decline in a future warmer, drier world.
A global perspective on the climate‐driven growth synchrony of neighbouring trees
Authors: Tejedor Ernesto , Serrano‐Notivoli Roberto , de Luis Martin , Saz Miguel Angel , Hartl Claudia , St. George Scott , Büntgen Ulf , Liebhold Andrew M. , Vuille Mathias , Esper Jan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimPrevious work demonstrated the global variability of synchrony in tree growth within populations, that is, the covariance of the year‐to‐year variability in growth of individual neighbouring trees. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the causes of this variability and its trajectories through time. Here, we examine whether climate can explain variation in within‐population synchrony (WPS) across space but also through time and we develop models capable of explaining this variation. These models can be applied to the global tree cover under current and future climate change scenarios.LocationGlobal.Time period1901–2012.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe estimated WPS values from a global tree‐ring width database consisting of annual growth increment measurements from multiple trees at 3,579 sites. We used generalized linear mixed effects models to infer the drivers of WPS variability and temporal trends of global WPS. We then predicted WPS values across the global extent of tree cover. Finally, we applied our model to predict future WPS based on the RCP 8.5 (2045–2065 period) emission scenario.ResultsAreas with the highest WPS are characterized by a combination of environments with both high mean annual temperature (>10°C) and low precipitation (<300 mm). Average WPS across all temperate forests has decreased historically and will continue to decrease. Potential implications of these patterns include changes in forest dynamics, such as higher tree growth and productivity and an increase in carbon sequestration. In contrast, the WPS of tropical forests of Central and South America will increase in the near future owing to reduced annual precipitation.Main conclusionsClimate explains WPS variability in space and time. We suggest that WPS might have value as an integrative ecological measure of the level of environmental stress to which forests are subjected and therefore holds potential for diagnosing effects of global climate change on tree growth.
Liveweight gain of beef cattle in Brachiaria brizantha pastures and mixtures with Stylosanthes guianensis in the Brazilian savannah
Authors: Braga Gustavo José , Ramos Allan Kardec Braga , Carvalho Marcelo Ayres , Fonseca Carlos Eduardo Lazarini , Fernandes Francisco Duarte , Fernandes Celso Dornellas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of stylosanthes in mixed grass‐legume pastures may minimize the decline in forage quality and quantity that occurs in monoculture grass pastures, even though the availability of commercial cultivars in Brazil is still limited. The objective of the study was to evaluate the liveweight (LW) gain of young Nellore bulls in a mixed pasture of Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Paiaguás) with the latest release Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Bela. The study was conducted in Planaltina, FD, Brazil, from September to August in two consecutive years, right after seeding. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with two treatments (mixed or monoculture Paiaguás pastures) and three replicates. The average daily gain (ADG) was on average greater in mixed pastures (0.436 vs. 0.350 kg head−1 day−1 in mixed and grass pastures respectively), particularly in the dry period (0.344 vs. 0.183 kg head−1 day−1). The benefit of mixed over monoculture grass pastures throughout the year was 22 kg LW/head and 55 kg LW/ha. The presence of stylosanthes increased the crude protein (CP) concentration in mixed pastures (120 g/kg) when compared to monoculture grass pastures (109 g/kg), probably influencing the ADG of bulls. The increase of liveweight gain, predominantly in the dry season, makes the high‐protein stylosanthes cv. Bela an alternative to buffer the seasonal deficit of forage quality in newly seeded grass pastures.
Effects of performing dual tasks on postural sway and postural control complexity in people with haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Carrasco Juan J. , Guzmán-González Benjamín , Soto‐Arellano Verónica , Calatayud Joaquín , Chimeno‐Hernández Ana , Querol Felipe , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeople with haemophilic arthropathy (PWHA) have impairments in postural control. However, little is known about the effects of demanding conditions, including the unipedal stance and dual tasks, on postural control in PWHA.AimDetermine the effects of performing dual tasks while in the one‐leg stance on postural sway and postural control complexity in PWHA vs. healthy active (HAG) and non‐active (HNAG) groups of individuals.MethodsFifteen PWHA and 34 healthy subjects (18 active and 16 non‐active) were recruited. Vertical (V), mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) centre of mass signals were acquired using a 3‐axis accelerometer placed at the L3/L4 vertebrae of subjects as they performed the one‐leg stance under single and dual‐task conditions. Sway balance and the complexity of postural control were studied via root mean square (RMS) acceleration and sample entropy, respectively. Increased complexity of postural sway was attributed to increased automatism of postural control.ResultsRMS values for PWHA were higher than HAG under both conditions for the V and ML axes, and higher than HNAG under the dual‐task condition for the ML axis. Sample entropy was lower in PWHA than healthy individuals under the dual‐task condition for V and ML axes, and the single‐task condition for the ML axis (P < .05).ConclusionPWHA had poorer postural sway and decreased postural control complexity when performing a one‐leg stance than healthy people, especially when the dual‐task condition was applied. These results may help to design new approaches to assess and improve postural control in PWHA.
Exploring the need for stakeholders' engagement through social networking sites to build the reputation of higher education organisations
Authors: Carrillo-Durán María-Victoria , García García María 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the current situation regarding the reputation of higher education organisations (HEOs) within the setting of social networking sites (SNSs). First, the recent literature contained in the Web of Science database will be deconstructed, in order to explain the key concepts as well as the relationship that exists between corporate reputation, engagement and SNSs. Second, the basis for management of reputation on SNSs will be analysed in terms of strategic communication. Finally, the article will include the implications for HEOs' management of reputation through social media. The essence of this work is that the use of SNSs does not necessarily contribute to the construction of positive reputation if this is not coupled with a focus on strategic communication, which carries with it the necessary levels of engagement with all stakeholders and in all institutional dimensions, in order to fulfil certain concrete objectives. HEOs can make use of various SNSs to build reputation if they assume the management of engagement levels with all stakeholders (not only students) and in each of their established areas. An institution’s level of success on SNSs will depend on its ability to obtain the necessary level of engagement, according to each institution’s particular attributes and in each specific case.
A TURNING POINT IN THEORY OF HISTORY: THE PLACE OF HAYDEN WHITE IN THE HISTORY OF METAHISTORY
Authors: RÜSEN JÖRN 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThis article intends to place Hayden White's reflection on the basic principles of meaning‐construction in history into the historical context of modern historical studies. It first presents the self‐understanding of professional historians in which they emphasize the academic (wissenschaftlichen) character of the discipline. In this way of reflection, the traditional (premodern) interpretation of history as a part of rhetoric was pushed back and replaced by methodological argumentation about the rules of research (with an emphasis on source critique). Historiography, or the presentation of the results of research in a narrative form, was not completely neglected, but was not widely recognized. After the analytical insight into the narrative form of historical knowledge, significant discussion of the principles of historical thinking dramatically changed from the issue of research to that of representation (historiography).Hayden White's Metahistory (1973) marked this change paradigmatically. It turned the shift from rhetoric to science in its contrary direction: a new turn to rhetoric was proclaimed. This new anti‐turn set off a hitherto unanswered question as to how research methodology should be treated. Source critique was not refuted but did not attract significant attention. The research procedure of interpretation, in contrast, was met by a new understanding and interest: it was identified as representation by the linguistic procedures of meaning‐construction. Its role as a part of historical method, however, was completely ignored.The article ends with a still unresolved problem of metahistory, namely the relationship between interpretation and representation. They are not identical, but are closely related. Their synthesis and their differences have to be systematically inquired into and reflected upon if metahistory is to step forward and engage in this task. Then the merits of White's return to rhetoric will be appreciated as well as its one‐sidedness criticized, before a further step is taken.
Combining sensory and texturometer parameters to characterize different type of cosmetic ingredients
Authors: Vieira Gisely Spósito , Lavarde Marc , Fréville Vianney , Rocha‐Filho Pedro Alves , Pensé‐Lhéritier Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionSensory properties have a great importance for cosmetics and personal care products. If literature permits to consult articles comparing different formulations on their sensory attributes, there are only a few articles concerning ingredients.ObjectiveThe overall objective of this study was to carry out an original study combining the sensory evaluation of different natures of ingredients, in order to initiate a sensory data set that could help researchers to identify differentiating sensory characteristics, as well as initiating a comparison between sensory data and texturometer instrumental measurements.MethodsOils, glycolic extracts, butter and starch were evaluated according to descriptive sensory analysis methodology with the help of panel of 25 experts. In order to compare responses obtained from the panel to instrumental measurements, texture analyzes were performed in compression traction model.ResultsSignificant differences were detected in ten of the eleven evaluated sensory attributes, indicating that ingredients have distinct sensory profiles. The mainly discriminative attributes for the analyzed ingredients were: gloss, opacity, fluidity, freshness, whitening and oily residue. The oils are mostly related to oily residue and slipperiness while extracts are mostly related to gloss, fluidity and freshness attributes. Both Tapioca Starch and Shea Butter were related to non‐fluidity, opacity, and Tapioca Starch was related to freshness too. This study was completed by a texturometer analysis which lead to show the opposite correlation between the sensory attribute fluidity and the consistent index.
Migration across developed countries: German immigrants in Sweden and the US
Authors: Haberfeld Yitchak , Birgier Debora Pricila , Lundh Christer , Elldér Erik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study evaluates the interplay between the effects of host countries' characteristics and self‐selection patterns of immigrants from a highly developed country on their economic assimilation in other developed countries. The focus is on immigrants originated from Germany during 1990–2000 who migrated to Sweden and the US. The results show that almost all German immigrants reached full earnings assimilation with natives of similar observed attributes, and that the assimilation of highly educated Germans was better than that of the less educated. It was also found that the skilled immigrants were compensated for their human capital acquired in Germany. Finally, the better assimilation of German immigrants, especially the highly educated, took place in the US. This finding was probably the result of an interaction between the Germans’ pattern of self‐selection and the US context of reception.
By elite demand: immigration policies of Germany and Hungary in the context of common EU policy
Authors: Bartoszewicz Monika Gabriela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the migration policies of Hungary and Germany with a particular focus on the role of elites in the legal, factual, and discursive dimensions of elitist policy agenda‐setting and implementation between 2015 and 2017. Theoretically, the elitist policy‐making model is supplemented with democratic theories and the theories of regional integration. Methodologically, the paper is a comparative analysis aiming to account for the variance between two EU member states with opposite approaches to migration. Indeed, while Hungary and Germany are usually pitched against each other as two radically different examples of migration policy, the elite‐centered approach shows a puzzling symmetry of differences between these two case studies. While policy results are divergent, there is a palpable cohesion of behaviours and narrative patterns, indicating that the political elites are the primary driver behind shaping and implementing migration policies. After establishing the theoretical underpinnings, the paper compares national legislations, accepted migrant quotas, and the official narratives of the Hungarian and German governments. The case analysis allows for the reinterpretation of seemingly contradictory migration policies and, as such, offers new solutions to the problem both on the national and international levels.