bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilayered Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in the Solar Corona
Authors: Yuan Ding , Shen Yuandeng , Liu Yu , Li Hongbo , Feng Xueshang , Keppens Rony 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability is commonly found in many astrophysical, laboratory, and space plasmas. It could mix plasma components of different properties and convert dynamic fluid energy from large-scale structure to smaller ones. In this study, we combined the ground-based New Vacuum Solar Telescope (NVST) and the Solar Dynamic Observatories/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) to observe the plasma dynamics associated with active region 12673 on 2017 September 9. In this multitemperature view, we identified three adjacent layers of plasma flowing at different speeds, and detected KH instabilities at their interfaces. We could unambiguously track a typical KH vortex and measure its motion. We found that the speed of this vortex suddenly tripled at a certain stage. This acceleration was synchronized with the enhancements in emission measure and average intensity of the 193 Å data. We interpret this as evidence that KH instability triggers plasma heating. The intriguing feature in this event is that the KH instability observed in the NVST channel was nearly complementary to that in the AIA 193 Å. Such a multithermal energy exchange process is easily overlooked in previous studies, as the cold plasma component is usually not visible in the extreme-ultraviolet channels that are only sensitive to high-temperature plasma emissions. Our finding indicates that embedded cold layers could interact with hot plasma as invisible matters. We speculate that this process could occur at a variety of length scales and could contribute to plasma heating.
DPI Selectively Inhibits Intracellular NADPH Oxidase Activity in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Buck Alicia , Sanchez Klose Felix P , Venkatakrishnan Vignesh , Khamzeh Arsham , Dahlgren Claes , Christenson Karin , Bylund Johan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neutrophils are capable of producing significant amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, which consists of membrane-bound and cytoplasmic subunits that assemble during activation. Neutrophils harbor two distinct pools of the membrane-localized oxidase components, one expressed in the plasma membrane and one in the membranes of intracellular granules. Assembly of active oxidase at either type of membrane leads to release of extracellular ROS or to the production of ROS inside intracellular compartments, respectively. The cytoplasmic NADPH oxidase subunit p40phox seems selectively critical for the ability to generate intracellular ROS, and the recent characterization of patients with p40phox deficiency implies that selective loss of intracellular neutrophil ROS leads to disease with pronounced hyperinflammatory features, suggesting that these ROS are critical for regulation of inflammation. This study aimed at characterizing two pharmacological NADPH oxidase inhibitors, the newly described GSK2795039 and the widely used diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), focusing on their abilities to inhibit human neutrophil ROS production extra- and intracellularly. Whereas GSK2795039 blocked extra- and intracellular NADPH oxidase activity equally, DPI was found to selectively interfere with intracellular ROS production. Selectivity for the intracellular NADPH oxidase was evident as a lower IC50 value, faster onset, and irreversibility of inhibition. We found no evidence of direct interactions between DPI and p40phox, but the selectivity of DPI confirms that regulation of NADPH oxidase activity in neutrophils differs depending on the subcellular localization of the enzyme. This information may be used to pharmacologically mimic p40phox deficiency and to further our understanding of how intracellular ROS contribute to health and disease.
A community-based cross-sectional study on hypertension screening in Puducherry, India
Authors: Datta Souraja , Sahu Swaroop Kumar , Niranjjan R. , Roy Gautam 
Published: October 2019

Background & objectives:
Hypertension is a health problem of global priority. Screening and early diagnosis is important to plan appropriate interventions. The present study objectives were to screen the urban population aged 30 yr and above and diagnose for hypertension and to identify the factors associated with poor screening for hypertension, if any.

Methods:
A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urban field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India, among individuals aged 30 yr and above. Individuals were asked if they have tested themselves for hypertension in the past two years. Pretested questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collection was done during regular working time of the health centre. All eligible participants from consecutive households were included till the required sample size of 394 was achieved.

Results:
Of the 394 individuals interviewed, 252 (64%) had undergone screening for hypertension. The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among those screened was 26.2 per cent with no significant gender-wise differences. Screening for hypertension was better among females (71.6%) as compared to males (55.2%). Population who were at a higher risk of not getting screened for hypertension were relatively younger (30-44 yr) individuals and males.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The prevalence of self-reported hypertension among those screened was 26.2 per cent [95% confidence interval (21.1-31.9)]. Screening needs to be targeted more towards males and younger population.
Kinetics of viral RNA, immunoglobulin-M & G antibodies in Kyasanur forest disease
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Gurav Yogesh K. , Shete Anita M. , Jain Rajlaxmi , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Pardeshi Prachi G. , Viswanathan Rajlakshmi , Chiplunkar Tushar R. , Awate Pradip , Majumdar Triparna P. , Sahay Rima R. , Mourya Devendra T. 
Published: October 2019

Background & objectives:
Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) is an infectious disease discovered in Karnataka State of India in 1957; since then, the State has been known to be enzootic for KFD. In the last few years, its presence was observed in the adjoining five States of the Western Ghats of India. The present study was conducted to understand the kinetics of viral RNA, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody in KFD-infected humans for developing a diagnostic algorithm for KFD.

Methods:
A prospective follow up study was performed among KFD patients in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra State, India. A total of 1046 suspected patients were tested, and 72 KFD patients were enrolled and followed for 17 months (January 2016 to May 2017). Serum samples of KFD patients were screened for viral RNA, and IgM and IgG antibodies.

Results:
KFD viral positivity was observed from 1st to 18th post-onset day (POD). Positivity of anti-KFD virus (KFDV) IgM antibodies was detected from 4th till 122nd POD and anti-KFDV IgG antibodies detected from 5th till 474th POD. A prediction probability was determined from statistical analysis using the generalized additive model in R-software to support the laboratory findings regarding viral kinetics.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study demonstrated the presence of KFD viral RNA till 18th POD, IgM antibodies till 122nd POD and IgG till the last sample collected. Based on our study an algorithm was recommended for accurate laboratory diagnosis of KFDV infection. A sample collected between 1 and 3 POD can be tested using KFDV real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); between 4 and 24 POD, the combination of real-time RT-PCR and anti-KFDV IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests can be used; between POD 25 and 132, anti-KFDV IgM and IgG ELISA are recommended.
Wide range of F cell levels in healthy Thai adults
Authors: Tatu Thanusak 
Published: October 2019

Background & objectives:
Swiss-type hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin (HPFH) has been shown to be responsible for the wide range of F cell levels in healthy Thai adults. However, a survey for F cells in healthy Thai adults has not been performed. This study was conducted to determine the F cell distribution in adult Thai blood donors and to assess the possible involvement of β-thalassaemia and haemoglobin E (HbE) carriers in increased HbF levels.

Methods:
Thai blood donors (n=375, 205 males and 170 females) were included in the study. Blood samples were collected for measuring haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Hct) and F cell levels. Hb and Hct levels were determined by automated blood counter, while F cells were quantified by flow cytometric analysis of F cells stained by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti γ-globin monoclonal antibody. Finally, F cell levels were compared between blood samples having mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fl and ≥80 fl as well as between β-haemoglobinopathies (HbE and β-thalassaemia carriers) and normal adults.

Results:
F cell levels varied markedly spanning 0.80-39.2 per cent with a positively skewed distribution. Thirty two per cent of these individuals had F cell levels more than the 4.5 per cent cut-off point. F cell levels in females were significantly higher than those in males (P<0.05). F cell levels in individuals having MCV <80 fl were significantly higher than those having MCV ≥80 fl (P<0.05). β-haemoglobinopathy (HbE and β-thalassaemia carriers) had significantly higher F cell levels than normal individuals (P<0.05).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The present results showed that besides Swiss-type HPFH, the β-haemoglobinopathy was expected to be involved in increased F cell levels in adult Thais. Thus, influence of β-haemoglobinopathy must be considered in interpreting F cell levels in area endemic of this globin disorder.
Detection of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Amberpet Rajesh , Sistla Sujatha , Sugumar Madhan , Nagasundaram Niveditha , Manoharan Meerabai , Parija Subhash Chandra 
Published: October 2019

Background & objectives:
Although there are reports of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) across the globe, there is a lack of reliable data on hVISA in India. The present study was undertaken to determine the rate of hVISA among the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, and to compare the brain heart infusion agar with vancomycin 4 μg/ml (BHIV4) method with population analysis profile-area under the curve (PAP-AUC) method for the detection of hVISA and to study the distribution of mobile genetic element that carries methicillin-resistance gene SCCmec (Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec) types among these isolates.

Methods:
BHIV4 and PAP-AUC methods were employed to detect hVISA among 500 clinical isolates of MRSA. SCCmec typing of these isolates was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The clinical presentation, treatment with vancomycin and outcome was documented for patients with hVISA.

Results:
The rate of hVISA was 12.4 per cent by PAP-AUC method. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and kappa agreement of BHIV4 with PAP-AUC was 58.06, 93.15, 54.55, 94.01 per cent and 0.498, respectively. The isolation of hVISA was significantly (P<0.01) higher in patients admitted to intensive care units and wards than in patients attending the outpatient departments. Only 38 per cent of the patients received vancomycin as therapy. Majority of the hVISA isolates carried SCCmec type V or IV.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The rate of hVISA isolation in our study was 12.4 per cent. The sensitivity of the BHIV4 screening test was low, and was in moderate agreement with PAP-AUC test. SCCmec type V was the predominant type seen in half of the isolates. More studies need to be done in different parts of the country on a large number of isolates to confirm our findings.
High-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary pre-pubertal & post-pubertal boys
Authors: Chaki Biswajit , Pal Sangita , Chattopadhyay Sreya , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: October 2019

Background & objectives:
High-intensity exercise results in oxidative stress in adult population. Impact of pubertal attainment on high-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary paediatric population has not been investigated in detail. The present study was conducted to investigate the extent of high-intensity exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary pre- and post-pubertal boys through estimation of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total thiol content and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).

Methods:
Sixty four sedentary pre-pubertal (n=32, age = 10.21±0.67 yr) and post-pubertal (n=32, age = 15.58±0.47 yr) boys performed incremental treadmill running exercise at 80 per cent of the age predicted maximum heart rate till volitional exhaustion. Blood sample (5 ml) was drawn from each individual before and after the exercise for estimation of oxidative stress markers.

Results:
Pre-exercise SOD activity and total thiol level showed significant positive relationship with age and were significantly higher in post-pubertal boys. Serum TBARS level, SOD and CAT activities increased while total thiol content decreased in both the groups following exercise. Post-exercise percentage change in TBARS, SOD activity and total thiol level was significantly higher in post-pubertal boys, and these variables had significant positive relationship with age. No significant intergroup variations were noted in CAT activity before or after exercise.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Extent of post-exercise oxidative stress increased significantly with attainment of puberty. However, baseline and post-exercise antioxidation status also increased significantly as a function of age with pubertal maturation allowing the post-pubertal boys to counter relatively higher oxidative stress more efficiently than their pre-pubertal counterparts. Post-exercise upregulation in CAT activity might not be influenced by age or pubertal maturation in this age group.
Histotyping of Indian thymomas
Authors: Guleria Prerna , Parshad Rajinder , Malik Prabhat Singh , Ray Ruma , Pandey R.M. , Jain Deepali 
Published: October 2019

Background & objectives:
Thymomas are rare, but most common anterior mediastinal lesions. The histomorphologic spectrum of thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) in Indian population has not been explored in depth. This study was aimed to assess the histomorphology of TETs in the Indian patients and correlate clinical parameters with pathological features.

Methods:
It was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in north India. All morphologically confirmed cases of TETs since 2009 were included. Clinical details and histology slides were reviewed using the Modified Masaoka-Koga staging system and WHO 2015 classification. Clinicopathological correlation and survival analysis were done. A comparative review from other published Indian studies was performed.

Results:
A total of 219 cases of TETs (138 resections and 81 biopsies) were identified. The most common histomorphologic type was B2, and the most frequent stage was I. Types A/AB were common in older age (P<0.01). Clinically, higher stage tumours were found mostly in men (P<0.01), and these were Type B thymomas (P<0.01). Myasthenia gravis was more common in women (P<0.02) and in lower stages (P<0.05). Survival analysis revealed significant association between recurrence and tumour stage. Although thymic carcinoma was diagnosed on biopsy, no resectable case was identified.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our findings showed that the thymomas in Indian patients were most commonly Stage I tumours of B2 and AB histotypes. Resected thymic carcinomas were conspicuously absent in our study. More studies need to be done to establish the frequency and biology of TETs from India.
Development of a daily PM10 and PM2.5 prediction system using a deep long short-term memory neural network model
Authors: Kim Hyun S. , Park Inyoung , Song Chul H. , Lee Kyunghwa , Yun Jae W. , Kim Hong K. , Jeon Moongu , Lee Jiwon , Han Kyung M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. A deep recurrent neural network system based on a long
short-term memory (LSTM) model was developed for daily PM10 and
PM2.5 predictions in South Korea. The structural and learnable
parameters of the newly developed system were optimized from iterative model
training. Independent variables were obtained from ground-based
observations over 2.3 years. The performance of the particulate matter (PM)
prediction LSTM was then evaluated by comparisons with ground PM
observations and with the PM concentrations predicted from two sets of 3-D
chemistry-transport model (CTM) simulations (with and without data
assimilation for initial conditions). The comparisons showed, in general,
better performance with the LSTM than with the 3-D CTM simulations. For
example, in terms of IOAs (index of agreements), the PM prediction IOAs were
enhanced from 0.36–0.78 with the 3-D CTM simulations to 0.62–0.79 with the
LSTM-based model. The deep LSTM-based PM prediction system developed at
observation sites is expected to be further integrated with 3-D CTM-based
prediction systems in the future. In addition to this, further possible
applications of the deep LSTM-based system are discussed, together with some
limitations of the current system.
Sulfur dioxide layer height retrieval from Sentinel-5 Precursor/TROPOMI using FP_ILM
Authors: Hedelt Pascal , Efremenko Dmitry S. , Loyola Diego G. , Spurr Robert , Clarisse Lieven 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The accurate determination of the location, height, and loading of sulfur dioxide (SO2) plumes emitted by volcanic eruptions is essential for aviation safety. The SO2 layer height is also one of the most critical parameters with respect to determining the impact on the climate. Retrievals of SO2 plume height have been carried out using satellite UV backscatter measurements, but, until now, such algorithms are very time-consuming. We have developed an extremely fast yet accurate SO2 layer height retrieval using the Full-Physics Inverse Learning Machine (FP_ILM) algorithm. This is the first time the algorithm has been applied to measurements from the TROPOMI instrument onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor platform. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability of the FP_ILM algorithm to retrieve SO2 plume layer heights in near-real-time applications with an accuracy of better than 2 km for SO2 total columns larger than 20 DU. We present SO2 layer height results for the volcanic eruptions of Sinabung in February 2018, Sierra Negra in June 2018, and Raikoke in June 2019, observed by TROPOMI.
Trends in Total Knee Arthroplasty in a Developing Region: A Survey of Latin American Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Figueroa David , Figueroa Francisco , Calvo Rafael , Vaisman Alex , Figueroa Maria , Putnis Sven 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
A number of different total knee arthroplasty techniques are available. There is also a degree of surgeon preference for these, and the variation across orthopaedic surgeons in Latin America is currently unknown.

Methods:
A survey on members of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Artroscopia, Rodilla y Deporte was performed, with questions based on categories within worldwide national joint registries. In total, 315 Sociedad Latinoamericana de Artroscopia, Rodilla y Deporte members received the survey via e-mail, and the return answers were compared with the latest worldwide national joint registry annual reports.

Results:
The survey was completed in full by 262 surgeons (83%). It was answered that 19% of surgeons perform less than 10 total knee arthroplasties per year, 54% perform less than 30, and only 9% perform more than 100. Seventy-three percent of surgeons use a posterior stabilized total knee replacement, 18% use a cruciate retaining total knee replacement, and 9% use a medial pivot design. Forty-nine percent of surgeons resurface the patella, 27% never resurface it, and 24% choose to resurface it based on an individual case scenario. Ninety-eight percent of surgeons use cemented fixation in the femur and tibia, with the remaining 2% choosing hybrid fixation and 1% using fully noncemented fixation.

Conclusion:
This survey among Latin American surgeons has demonstrated important differences in surgical technique and implants choice compared with worldwide national registries.
Actieve openbaarmaking van toezichtsinformatie
Authors: de Die A.C. 
Published: October 2019

Actieve openbaarmaking van toezichtsinformatie; heiligt het doel de middelen?
Op grond van de gewijzigde Gezondheidswet jo. Besluit openbaarmaking toezichts- en uitvoeringsgegevens zal aangewezen informatie actief openbaar worden gemaakt. Er vindt geen belangenafweging plaats. Belanghebbenden kunnen in bezwaar en beroep. De Wob behoudt aanvullende werking. Of deze vorm van transparantie zijn doel bereikt zal bezien moeten worden.
Discussie: euthanasie onder de WGBO
Authors: Arends L.A.P. 
Published: October 2019

Discussie: euthanasie onder de WGBO. I De euthanasieovereenkomst: non-existent of een juridische werkelijkheid?
Bespreking van de vraag op of een geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst voor euthanasie mogelijk is. Auteur stelt dat de bijzondere regels uit de overeenkomst van opdracht en de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst nadere voorwaarden stellen aan de euthanasieovereenkomst, die ervoor zorgen ervoor zowel aan patiënt als arts voldoende waarborgen geboden worden.
Begrippenkader Wkkgz en incidentenbenadering frustreren kwaliteit van zorg
Authors: de Haan F.H. 
Published: October 2019

Begrippenkader Wkkgz en incidentenbenadering frustreren kwaliteit van zorg
Reactie op artikel B.S. Laarman, ‘De professionele standaard; wat is een open en eerlijke reactie na een medisch incident?’, TvGR 2017, nr. 4-5, p. 351-359. Auteur gaat dieper in op de door de IGZ gehanteerde begrippen incident, de calamiteit en de complicatie en concludeert dat het met deze begrippen geschetste toneel rijk gevulde coulissen heeft.
Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering
Authors: van der Most J.M. 
Published: October 2019

Laboratoriumonderzoek op aanvraag van de huisarts en het eigen risico in de zorgverzekering
Extern verricht laboratoriumonderzoek valt buiten de vrijstelling van het eigen risico voor huisartsenzorg. Dat wordt althans algemeen aangenomen, maar is dat ook zo? Langs drie wegen toont de auteur aan dat er sprake is van een collectieve misvatting, waarop de praktijk of anders de wetgever een gepast antwoord moet geven.
Van individu naar dividu
Authors: van Beers B.C. 
Published: October 2019

Van individu naar dividu: lessen uit de Silicon Valley voor de regulering van kunstmatige voortplanting
Lezing gehouden bij de gelegenheid van het 50-jarige bestaan van de Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht op 20 april 2018 in Rotterdam, met als onderwerp de regulering van kunstmatige voortplanting waarbij men veel kan leren van het huidige debat over internetdata en algoritmen.
Cassatie in het belang der wet tegen oordelen van de Regionale Toetsingscommissies Euthanasie
Authors: De Vito L.L.A. 
Published: October 2019

Cassatie in het belang der wet tegen oordelen van de Regionale Toetsingscommissies Euthanasie
In dit artikel wordt besproken wat het rechtsmiddel 'Cassatie in het belang der wet' is, waar aan voldaan moet worden om het te kunnen instellen, waarom de genoemde partijen dit middel voorstellen en uitgaande daarvan of dit rechtsmiddel daar het meest geschikt voor is.
Kroniek wetgeving gezondheidsrecht 2016-2018
Authors: Rijken J.J. , van der Wel W.F. 
Published: October 2019

Kroniek wetgeving gezondheidsrecht 2016-2018
De Kroniek wetgeving gezondheidsrecht geeft de lezer een overzicht van de ontwikkelingen op het gebied van Nederlandse wetgeving in het gezondheidsrecht. De selectie van wetgeving is gemaakt met behulp van de zoekmachine op de website van de Eerste Kamer, en behelst aanhangige en aangenomen wetsvoorstellen van 1 januari 2016 t/m 1 juni 2018 van de ministeries van VWS en VenJ, en consultaties van beide ministeries.