bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Question Use in Adults With Right-Hemisphere Brain Damage
Authors: Minga Jamila , Fromm Davida , Williams-DeVane ClarLynda , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: March 2020

PurposeRight-hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can affect pragmatic aspects of communication that may contribute to an impaired ability to gather information. Questions are an explicit means of gathering information. Question types vary in terms of the demands they place on cognitive resources. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study is to test the hypothesis that adults with RHD differ from neurologically healthy adults in the types of questions asked during a structured task.MethodAdults who sustained a single right-hemisphere stroke and neurologically healthy controls from the RHDBank Database completed the Unfamiliar Object Task of the RHDBank Discourse Protocol (Minga et al., 2016). Each task was video-recorded. Questions were transcribed using the Codes for the Human Analysis of Transcripts format. Coding and analysis of each response were conducted using Computerized Language Analysis (MacWhinney, 2000) programs.ResultsThe types of questions used differed significantly across groups, with the RHD group using significantly more content questions and significantly fewer polar questions than the neurologically healthy control group. In their content question use, adults with RHD used significantly more “what” questions than other question subtypes.ConclusionQuestion-asking is an important aspect of pragmatic communication. Differences in the relative usage of question types, such as the reduced use of polar questions or increased use of content questions, may reflect cognitive limitations arising from RHD. Further investigations examining question use in this population are encouraged to replicate the current findings and to expand on the study tasks and measures.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11936295
Preschoolers' Word-Learning During Storybook Reading Interactions: Comparing Repeated and Elaborated Input
Authors: O'Fallon Maura , Von Holzen Katie , Newman Rochelle S. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Previous research shows that shared storybook reading interactions can function as effective speech and language interventions for young children, helping to improve a variety of skills—including word-learning. This study sought to investigate the potential benefits of elaboration of new words during a single storybook reading with preschoolers.

Method
Thirty-three typically developing children ages 35–37 months listened to a storybook containing novel words that were either repeated with a definition, repeated with no additional information, or only said once. Their receptive word-learning for these novel words was then evaluated via a preferential looking task. We analyzed children's correct looks to target pictures and compared looking behavior across the three levels of presentation.

Results
Results showed that preschoolers demonstrated successful receptive word-learning after a single storybook reading interaction with an adult when target words were repeated, either with or without elaboration. Within this context, elaboration was not required for preschoolers' receptive word-learning.

Conclusions
These results support the use of storybook reading with young children as a way to foster early receptive word-learning and highlight the importance of repeated exposure to novel material either with or without additional semantic information.
Speech-Language Pathologists' Perceptions of School-Based Services for Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Allen Sarah , Mayo Robert 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
School-aged children with hearing loss are best served by a multidisciplinary team of professionals. The purpose of this research was to assess school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) perceptions of their access to, involvement of, and working relationships with educational audiologists in their current work setting.

Method
An online survey was developed and distributed to school-based SLPs in North Carolina.

Results
A significant difference in access to and involvement of educational audiologists across the state was found.

Conclusions
This research contributes to professional knowledge by providing information about current perceptions in the field about interprofessional practice in a school-based setting. Overall, SLPs reported positive feelings about their working relationship with educational audiologists and feel the workload is distributed fairly.
Contributions to Gain in Speech Sound Production Accuracy for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: Exploring Child and Therapy Factors
Authors: Farquharson Kelly , Tambyraja Sherine R. , Justice Laura M. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which child- and therapy-level factors contribute to gains in speech sound production accuracy for children with speech sound disorders in receipt of school-based services.

Method
Data were obtained from 126 kindergarten and first- and second-grade children currently in receipt of speech therapy services in their public school setting. Pretest and posttest measures of spontaneous speech production and language ability were collected at the beginning and end of one academic year. Using a spontaneous speech sample, percentage of consonants correct (PCC) was calculated for each child; a gain score was computed by subtracting the pretest PCC score from the posttest PCC score. The children's speech-language pathologist completed weekly therapy logs during business-as-usual therapy, indicating the frequency, duration, and group composition of services throughout the school year.

Results
Results supported that gain in PCC from pretest to posttest was predicted by several child- and therapy-level variables. Children's initial speech sound severity was negatively related to gains in PCC. Our results also supported that the total number of therapy sessions received in a year was positively predictive of PCC gain. Interestingly, the number of individual therapy sessions was negatively associated with PCC gain.

Conclusion
Several malleable therapy factors contribute to gains in speech sound accuracy for children with speech sound disorders. Speech-language pathologists should consider how these factors may be manipulated to best tailor treatment to the individual needs of the children on their caseloads.
Influence of snow accretion on arc flashover gradient for various types of insulators
Authors: Hu Yuyao , Jiang Xingliang , Guo Sihua , Xian Richang , Zong Chunyu , Yang Zhongyi , Han Xingbo 
Published: March 2020

Atmospheric snow accretion along the insulators can eventually bridge adjacent shed spacing, which pose severe risks to the security of power networks. Aiming to investigate the influence of snow accumulation on the electrical performance of various types of insulators, the flashover tests of snow‐accreted insulators were conducted. The effects of various factors on the electrical characteristics of insulators were analysed based on the experimental data. Results show that AC arc flashover gradient of the insulator covered with nonuniform snow accumulation is lower than that of the uniform snow‐covered insulator. The former is as low as 22.5% lower than the latter. Moreover, the AC arc flashover gradient of the porcelain and glass insulators is 0.27–6.27% higher than that of the DC. For a silicone rubber insulator, this gap is greater than 20%. The flashover gradient of the glass insulator is the minimum at the snow thickness of 10 mm. The flashover process of snow‐covered insulator is neither similar to that of the contaminated insulator nor different from that of the iced insulator but a combination of the two. The presented work helps to better understand the flashover mechanism of snow‐covered insulators, and take efforts to mitigate its effects.
Identification of filamentary structures in the environment of superclusters of galaxies in the Local Universe
Authors: Santiago-Bautista Iris , Caretta César A. , Bravo-Alfaro Héctor , Pointecouteau Etienne , Andernach Heinz 
Published: March 2020

Context.Characterization of the internal structure of the superclusters of galaxies (walls, filaments, and knots where the clusters are located) is crucial for understanding the formation of the large-scale structure and for outlining the environment where galaxies evolved in the last few gigayears.Aims.We aim to detect the compact regions of high relative density (clusters and rich groups of galaxies), to map the elongated structures of low relative density (filaments, bridges, and tendrils of galaxies), and to characterize the galaxies that populate the filaments and study the environmental effects they are subject to.Methods.We used optical galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts from the SDSS-DR13 inside rectangular boxes encompassing the volumes of a sample of 46 superclusters of galaxies up toz= 0.15. A virial approximation was applied to correct the positions of the galaxies in the redshift space for the “finger of God” projection effect. Our methodology implements different classical pattern recognition and machine-learning techniques (Voronoi tessellation, hierarchical clustering, graph-network theory, and minimum spanning trees, among others), pipelined in the Galaxy System-Finding algorithm and the Galaxy Filament-Finding algorithm.Results.In total, we detected 2705 galaxy systems (clusters and groups, of which 159 are new) and 144 galaxy filaments in the 46 superclusters of galaxies. The filaments we detected have a density contrast of above 3, with a mean value of around 10, a radius of about 2.5 h70−1Mpc, and lengths of between 9 and 130 h70−1Mpc. Correlations between the galaxy properties (mass, morphology, and activity) and the environment in which they reside (systems, filaments, and the dispersed component) suggest that galaxies closer to the skeleton of the filaments are more massive by up to 25% compared to those in the dispersed component; 70% of the galaxies in the filament region present early-type morphologies and the fractions of active galaxies (both AGNs and star-forming galaxies) seem to decrease as galaxies approach the filament.Conclusions.Our results support the idea that galaxies in filaments are subject to environmental effects leading them to be more massive (probably due to larger rates of both merging and gas accretion), less active both in star formation and nuclear activity, and prone to the density–morphology relation. These results suggest that preprocessing in large-scale filaments could have significant effects on galaxy evolution.
Osteonecrose da cabeça do úmero: Avaliação dos resultados da artroplastia parcial com seguimento mínimo de 10 anos
Authors: Miyazaki Alberto Naoki , Sella Guilherme do Val , da Silva Luciana Andrade , Checchia Caio Santos , Lemos Felipe Cerávolo 
Published: March 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar os resultados funcionais e radiográficos de longo prazo da artroplastia parcial do ombro para estosteonecrose da cabeça do úmero.
Métodos Revisão retrospectiva de 13 casos, com seguimento pós-operatório médio de 17 anos (variação de 10 a 26 anos). Os achados do último seguimento foram comparados àqueles em que os pacientes tinham com 1 ano de acompanhamento pós-operatório. A avaliação funcional consistiu em medidas do movimento do ombro e aplicação do escore do ombro da Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles (UCLA). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame radiografico para medir a erosão glenoidal, a migração umeral proximal, e o deslocamento glenoumeral lateral.
Resultados A erosão da glenoide aumentou com o tempo significativamente (p < 0,05). Paradoxalmente, todos os movimentos ativos do ombro também melhoraram (p < 0,05), enquanto os escores da UCLA permaneceram os mesmos. A deterioração radiográfica não teve correlação com a função clínica. Tivemos uma taxa de sobrevida de 84,7% das artroplastias após tempo médio de 16 anos.
Conclusões Os resultados funcionais precoces mantiveram-se a longo prazo e não se correlacionem com a deterioração radiográfica (aumento da erosão glenoidal).
Estudo anatômico do ramo infrapatelar do nervo safeno em humanos
Authors: Luciano Alexandre Paiva , Honda Renan Toshio Melo , Kamar Anuar Ralio , Franco Filho Nelson , Vieira Magno César 
Published: March 2020

ResumoObjetivo Realizar um estudo anatômico da localização do ramo infrapatelar do nervo safeno em relação às estruturas do joelho.Métodos Estudo anatômico realizado por meio de dissecação de 18 joelhos (9 direitos e 9 esquerdos). Após a exposição do ramo infrapatelar e de seus ramos diretos e indiretos, seguiram-se as medidas deles. Como parâmetro do estudo, adotamos um quadrante na região medial do joelho delimitado por dois planos transversais.Resultados Em 17 dos 18 joelhos estudados (94,4%), observou-se um único ramo infrapatelar. O ramo infrapatelar emergia por entre as fibras do ventre do músculo sartório em 17 dos 18 joelhos (94,4%). Em relação à ramificação, observamos que em 100% dos joelhos o ramo infrapatelar apresentava pelo menos uma ramificação primária, resultando num ramo superior e em outro inferior. Em 9 membros (50% dos casos), esta ramificação ocorria fora do quadrante proposto, e, no restante, dentro do quadrante.Conclusão O ramo infrapatelar do nervo safeno foi encontrado em todos os joelhos dissecados e, em 94,4% dos casos, ele era do tipo penetrante; em 100% dos casos, ele originava 2 ramos diretos primários. Seus ramos diretos e indiretos apresentaram grande variabilidade quanto ao trajeto.
ER membranes exhibit phase behavior at sites of organelle contact
Authors: King Christopher , Sengupta Prabuddha , Seo Arnold Y. , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Membrane phase behavior in cells permits transient concentration of specific proteins and lipids into dynamic nanoscopic domains. Here, we tested the existence and role of such phase behavior in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Employing hypotonic cell swelling, we created large intracellular vesicles (LICVs) from internal organelles. ER LICVs maintained stable interorganelle contacts, with known protein tethers concentrated at the contact sites. Cooled ER LICVs underwent reversible phase separation into microscopically visible domains with different lipid order and membrane fluidity. The phase-separated domains specified sites of contact between the ER and different organelles.
Oxaliplatin Pt(IV) prodrugs conjugated to gadolinium-texaphyrin as potential antitumor agents
Authors: Thiabaud Grégory , He Guangan , Sen Sajal , Shelton Kathryn A. , Baze Wallace B. , Segura Luke , Alaniz Julie , Munoz Macias Ruben , Lyness Greg , Watts Alan B. , Kim Hyun Min , Lee Hyunseung , Cho Mi Young , Hong Kwan Soo , Finch Rick , Siddik Zahid H. , Arambula Jonathan F. , Sessler Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2020

Significance
Currently, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are the only platinum agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in therapeutic regimens. While effective in select cancers, their clinical utility remains limited by intrinsic or acquired resistance. This is attributed, in part, to poor drug tumor localization and uptake. Additionally, one of the more formidable mechanisms of platinum resistance involves dysfunction of the tumor suppressor p53. Lack of wild-type p53 activation can translate to a significant reduction in the 5-y survival rate compared with mutant p53 in some cancers. The inability to overcome p53 dysfunction in concert with the dose-limiting toxicities and poor tumor-specific drug delivery of Pt provides an incentive to develop agents as described in this report.
A pheromone antagonist liberates female sea lamprey from a sensory trap to enable reliable communication
Authors: Buchinger Tyler J. , Scott Anne M. , Fissette Skye D. , Brant Cory O. , Huertas Mar , Li Ke , Johnson Nicholas S. , Li Weiming 
Published: March 2020

Significance
In many animals, males deceive females into mating using traits that mimic cues of food, predators, preferred habitats, or offspring in need of care. However, if and how these deceptive signals guide reliable communication without females confusing the mimic and the model remain unclear. We discovered that female sea lamprey discriminate a nonsexual cue of productive habitat from the deceptive male sex pheromone that mimics it and identify a pheromone antagonist as the underlying mechanism. Our results implicate a means by which females can detect and benefit from male deceit and could have applications for control of destructive populations of sea lamprey in the Laurentian Great Lakes.
Non-canonical passives in Chinese
Authors: Zhang Yi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper examines a non-canonical passive construction in Chinese. In this construction, the passive markerbeican proceed a constituent including intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns, in such expressions asbei zisha/‘commit suicide,’bei xingfu/‘happy’ orbei gaotie/‘high speed train.’ Following Mental Space Theory (Fauconnier 1994,1997), this paper argues that the construction serves as a space builder, which prompts conceptualizers to build a counterfactual space to hold the event conveyed by the constituent but deny the event or its associated assumption in the base space. The Mental Space operations produce the interpretations of the construction featured by ambiguity and irony. This study demonstrates the existence of dedicated counterfactual constructions in Chinese. It showcases an attempt to posit cognitive operations as the constructional function and outlines a cognitively plausible procedure to derive specific interpretations of the construction in the context.
The principle of proportionality
Authors: Zhou Yan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn Mandarin conversation, utterances about future actions with severe consequences are observed to correlate with bigger promises, marked by devices indicating greater illocutionary force, as compared with those about actions with less serious consequences. Applying the principle of proportionality proposed byGoffman (1971), I argue that participants’ design of promise is proportional to the severity of the action consequences, which is evaluated by the participants on a moment-by-moment basis. The ad hoc construction of promises shows that promising is a dynamic process, rather than a one-time action. The proportionality principle may also account for the differences between promises in institutional discourse and ordinary conversation.
A comparison between the professional backgrounds of translation
scholars in South Korea and Europe
Authors: Lee Hyang Marina , Cho Hye-jin , Choi Eun-sil 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A survey of 80 translation scholars in South Korea was conducted
to shed light on their professional backgrounds and how their profiles compare
with those of the translation scholars in Europe surveyed by Torres-Simón and Pym in 2016. The
survey results suggest that Korean scholars tend to be younger than scholars in
Europe (84 percent of the former are under fifty, compared to 68 percent of the
latter), more female-dominated (85 percent versus 70 percent), and less
internationally mobile. The great majority of both Korean scholars (84 percent)
and scholars in Europe (96 percent) have translated or interpreted on a regular
basis. Both groups generally agree that there is a beneficial relationship
between translation theory and practice. In both samples, the respondents who
said practice helps theory outnumber those that said theory helps practice. The
last section of this study is a word-cloud analysis on the adjectives that
Korean scholars used to describe the relationship between theory and
practice.
Timorese talking back
Authors: Taylor-Leech Kerry 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Taking the dispute between East Timor and Australia over their maritime boundary as an illustrative context, this
article discusses the role of semiotic resources in constructing chronotopes of protest. Reflecting first on language choice in
urban protests during East Timor’s struggle for independence, the paper goes on to analyse the deployment of material and virtual
resources in East Timorese-led demonstrations against the Australian government’s stance in the dispute. Using ‘entanglement’ as a
structuring metaphor, and looking at language choice, social and grammatical indexicality, imagery, embodied cultural capital, and
the choreography of assembly, the paper explores how protesters constructed a set of chronotopes that drew on the injuries of the
colonial past, and re-emplaced and re-framed them in the post-colonial present. The paper looks at the linguistic landscape of
protest as a semiotic aggregate in which the periphery claims a voice and ‘talks back’ to the centre.
Survey area selection in Variationist Linguistic Landscape Study (VaLLS)
Authors: Soukup Barbara 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article addresses the unresolved issue of systematic survey area selection for large-scale quantitative Linguistic Landscape (LL) studies. It presents a strategy of ‘hypothesis-driven stratified sampling’ whereby survey areas are picked out in a nested, multi-step process on the basis of the configuration of local LL audiences (regarding age, multilingualism, and tourism) and ambient activity types (commercial vs. residential). The rationale for this strategy is drawn from variationist sociolinguistics; and the undertaking is accordingly cast as ‘Variationist Linguistic Landscape Study (VaLLS)’. The details of the design are showcased and implications discussed in the context of the large-scale project ‘ELLViA – English in the Linguistic Landscape of Vienna, Austria’. More generally, it is shown how the application of state-of-the-art variationist principles and methodology to quantitative LL research significantly enhances the latter’s scientific rigor, which has been a major point of criticism.
The copula system of Tawang Monpa
Authors: Helgestad Tombleson Anette 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper is a description of the copula system of Tawang Monpa [Dakpa], an East-Bodish language, spoken in Arunachal Pradesh in India and by small groups of speakers in Bhutan and Tibet. There are two equative copulas in Tawang Monpa: personaljinand neutraljim, and three existential copulas: testimonialni, neutralnumand personalnou. In addition, there are separate negative copulas; equative: personalmenand neutralmenum, and existential: testimonialmon, neutralmunumand personalmonou. There is also one example of a past positive copulaneand a past negative copulamonelu.
Improvement of a miRNA inhibitor by intracellular selection
Authors: Tachibana Akira , Yamamoto Aiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Sequences surrounding the miRNA binding domain of the miRNA inhibitor LidNA were selected intracellularly. The library was transfected into cells, and then, inhibitors that were associated with argonaute 2 were selected. The potent inhibitors were slowly degraded intracellularly, while the lower-activity inhibitors were rapidly degraded. A combination of the selected sequences surrounding the miRNA binding domain enhanced miRNA inhibitory activity.

Abbreviations
LidNA: DNA that puts a lid on miRNA function; LNA: locked nucleic acid; Ago2: argonaute 2; LNA: locked nucleic acid