bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of transient ischaemic attack diagnosis and secondary prevention: a qualitative review
Authors: Ravenhill Garth , Gkanasouli Loukia , Lawrence Maggie 
Published: October 2019

Background: A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) diagnosis is a serious, early sign that a person is at high risk of stroke. However, little is known about patients' experiences, perceptions and behaviours regarding TIA symptoms, diagnosis and secondary prevention. Aim: To explore patients' experiences of TIA symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and secondary prevention. Methods: A qualitative review was conducted using a meta-aggregation approach. Five major databases were searched to identify eligible papers. Findings were extracted and grouped into categories to generate synthesised findings. Findings: Four papers (69 participants) were included. Three synthesised findings were developed: The first 24 hours; Impact and effect on quality of life; and Reducing the risk. Following TIA diagnosis, patients may experience persistent anxiety and fatigue, and many patients do not understand the importance of secondary prevention. Conclusion: There is a lack of awareness of TIA symptoms and of the importance of seeking immediate help and engaging with secondary prevention.
Classification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Kuroda Yutaka , Tanaka Takeyuki , Miyagawa Takaki , Kawai Toshiyuki , Goto Koji , Tanaka Sakae , Matsuda Shuichi , Akiyama Haruhiko 
Published: October 2019

Objectives Using a simple classification method, we aimed to estimate the collapse rate due to osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) in order to develop treatment guidelines for joint-preserving surgeries. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 505 hips from 310 patients (141 men, 169 women; mean age 45.5 years (sd 14.9; 15 to 86)) diagnosed with ONFH and classified them using the Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification. The JIC system includes four visualized types based on the location and size of osteonecrotic lesions on weightbearing surfaces (types A, B, C1, and C2) and the stage of ONFH. The collapse rate due to ONFH was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, with radiological collapse/arthroplasty as endpoints. Results Bilateral cases accounted for 390 hips, while unilateral cases accounted for 115. According to the JIC types, 21 hips were type A, 34 were type B, 173 were type C1, and 277 were type C2. At initial diagnosis, 238/505 hips (47.0%) had already collapsed. Further, the cumulative survival rate was analyzed in 212 precollapsed hips, and the two-year and five-year collapse rates were found to be 0% and 0%, 7.9% and 7.9%, 23.2% and 36.6%, and 57.8% and 84.8% for types A, B, C1, and C2, respectively. Conclusion Type A ONFH needs no further treatment, but precollapse type C2 ONFH warrants immediate treatment with joint-preserving surgery. Considering the high collapse rate, our study results justify the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in asymptomatic patients with type C2 ONFH. Cite this article: Y. Kuroda, T. Tanaka, T. Miyagawa, T. Kawai, K. Goto, S. Tanaka, S. Matsuda, H. Akiyama. Classification of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: Who should have surgery?. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:451–458. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2019-0022.R1.
Implant wastage in orthopaedic trauma: a UK experience
Authors: Jayakumar N , Munuswamy S , Kulshreshtha R , Deshmukh S 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Implant wastage is an under-reported issue in orthopaedics, yet it has been shown to have a significant cost burden on healthcare budgets. In a background of a perilous financial climate in the UK health service, our aim was to define the frequency and costs of implant wastage in orthopaedic trauma. Materials and methods The trauma theatre’s implant logbook was retrospectively analysed between April 2017 and April 2018. Wasted implants were identified by the study authors independently. Patient demographics, implant details and costs were among the data collected. Product codes of wasted implants were used to identify implant costs through the manufacturer. Results Implant wastage occurred in 25.1% of trauma procedures during the study period. Most wasted implants (91%) were screws. The total cost of implant wastage was £8,377.25 during the 12-month period, accounting for 2% of the total implant budget. Wasted intramedullary nails accounted for almost 50% of the total cost. More than 51% of affected procedures involved a trainee as the primary operator. Discussion We report the first study of implant wastage in orthopaedics from the UK. Total implant wastage was higher than reported in most of the published literature, although it represented a small portion of the budget. Implant wastage is attributable to surgeons or operating theatre staff in most cases and is compounded by surgeons’ limited understanding of implant costs. Initiatives to reduce implant wastage should include raising awareness of costs and departmental wastage to surgeons and operating theatre staff as well as employing preoperative planning techniques.
Collecting biomedical and social data in a longitudinal survey: A comparison of two approaches
Authors: Brown Matt , Gilbert Emily , Calderwood Lisa , Taylor Kate , Morgan Hannah 
Published: October 2019

The inclusion of the collection of biomeasures within social surveys, and longitudinal surveys in particular, is becoming ever more common. Combining objective measurements of health with detailed information about lifestyles and behaviour collected over long periods of time offers enormous research potential.
Studies that combine an interview with the collection of biomeasures can be conducted in various ways. One model is that field interviewers make initial contact with participants, conduct the interviews and arrange follow-up visits for a nurse to collect the biomeasures. Alternatively, field interviewers can be trained to collect biomeasures, but there remain questions about whether the quality of data collected is comparable to that collected by a nurse. Other studies invite participants to visit clinics, but this can be very costly in a large-scale national study. There is no consensus on the optimal strategy for combining a social survey with the collection of biomeasures.
The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) is a longitudinal birth cohort study which began in 1970. The 11th sweep of the study began in 2016, when study members were aged 46, and included an interview component alongside the collection of a range of biomeasures.
The first phase of fieldwork was conducted using a new approach where nurses conducted all of the data collection. Midway through fieldwork BCS70 switched to a two-stage approach where interviews were conducted by interviewers followed by a separate nurse visit. This presented a unique opportunity to evaluate the success of the two approaches.
Using Machine Learning to Identify True Somatic Variants from Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Wu Chao , Zhao Xiaonan , Welsh Mark , Costello Kellianne , Cao Kajia , Abou Tayoun Ahmad , Li Marilyn , Sarmady Mahdi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Molecular profiling has become essential for tumor risk stratification and treatment selection. However, cancer genome complexity and technical artifacts make identification of real variants a challenge. Currently, clinical laboratories rely on manual screening, which is costly, subjective, and not scalable. We present a machine learning–based method to distinguish artifacts from bona fide single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) detected by next-generation sequencing from nonformalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens.

METHODS
A cohort of 11278 SNVs identified through clinical sequencing of tumor specimens was collected and divided into training, validation, and test sets. Each SNV was manually inspected and labeled as either real or artifact as part of clinical laboratory workflow. A 3-class (real, artifact, and uncertain) model was developed on the training set, fine-tuned with the validation set, and then evaluated on the test set. Prediction intervals reflecting the certainty of the classifications were derived during the process to label “uncertain” variants.

RESULTS
The optimized classifier demonstrated 100% specificity and 97% sensitivity over 5587 SNVs of the test set. Overall, 1252 of 1341 true-positive variants were identified as real, 4143 of 4246 false-positive calls were deemed artifacts, whereas only 192 (3.4%) SNVs were labeled as “uncertain,” with zero misclassification between the true positives and artifacts in the test set.

CONCLUSIONS
We presented a computational classifier to identify variant artifacts detected from tumor sequencing. Overall, 96.6% of the SNVs received definitive labels and thus were exempt from manual review. This framework could improve quality and efficiency of the variant review process in clinical laboratories.
Chord Painting
Authors: LI Xiaohong 
Published: October 2019

Music and painting are the most common chord phenomena. Based on discrete spectrum distribution logic (quantum spectrum) and chord mathematical model, chord time and chord space are expressed respectively.
Strings are the spatial semantics of chords(quantum spectrum), and different chords contain different spatial semantics: major trids = closed strings (contour lines), minor trids = open strings (fractal lines), geometric progression chords = membrane strings (non-linear Spaces), open-closed chords + membrane chords make up the chord space package: heptachord scales, jazz scales, atonal systems, and generate all spatial states and spatial interactions.
Chord painting is the basis of observation and application of chord space (open, closed, membrane string), and is also the main content of this book.
See also: Chord painting

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340492620_Chord_Painting
Biodiesel Production by Lipids From Indonesian strain of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Purkan Purkan , Nidianti Ersalina , Abdulloh Abdulloh , Safa Abdillah , Retnowati Wiwin , Soemarjati Wiwie , Nurlaila Hamida , Wook Kim Seung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production fromChlorella vulgarishas been studied by sequential investigation such as microalgae culturing, lipid extraction, and lipid conversion to FAME. TheC. vulgariscould grow well in the BG-11 medium and had a doubling time 3.7 days for its growth using inocula 16% (v/v). The optimum of dry cell biomass as 11.6 g/L was obtained after the microalgae culture harvested for 6 days. Lipid extraction from the biomass was carried out in various solvents and ultrasonication power, resulted lipid as 31% (w/w) when extracted with a mixed solvent of n-hexane-ethanol in ratio 1:1 and ultrasonication treatment at power 25 kHz/270W for 30 min. The lipid then converted to FAME through transesterification reaction with methanol using H2SO4catalyst at 45ºC for 2 h, and resulted FAME with area 32.26% in GC-MS analysis. The area was corresponded to FAME output as 13.68% (w/w). Fatty acid profiles of FAME obtained from GC-MS analysis showed the major peaks of fatty acids found inChlorella vulgariswere palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and margaric acid (C17:0), and nonadecanoic acid (C19:0). Optimization of the transesterification reaction will be developed in future to improve the FAME product.
Calabresi and Mill: Bilateralism, Moral Externalities and Value Pluralism
Authors: Tuzet Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper asks four questions: (1) Is the bilateralism of law and economics praised by Calabresi a form of “reflective equilibrium”? (2) Is Mill’s harm principle compatible with “third-party moral costs”? (3) How are we to distinguish the moral externalities that are to be given weight from those that are not? (4) How are we to adjudicate between welfare and equality, between a larger but less equal pie and a smaller but more equal one?
The first question has a positive answer and the second a negative one, whereas the last two do not have straightforward answers if we subscribe to value pluralism.
The Road Not Taken – Reading Calabresi’s “The Future of Law and Economics”
Authors: Stojanović Aleksandar , Silvestri Paolo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The publication of Guido Calabresi’s book “The Future of Law and Economics” has drawn a substantial amount of attention among law and economics scholars. We thought that the best way to devote special attention to this book was to devote a Special issue to it. This article situates Calabresi’s book among other reflections on the future of the discipline, introduces and explains the reasons behind this Special issue and discuss the organization and content of it.
We emphasize how Calabresi’s historical-conceptual standpoint allows him to isolate the stakes of different future developments around the question of how could further appreciation of legal institutions that defy the standard economic assumptions help the field develop theoretically. Overall, the contributors all shared Calabresi’s attempt to restore the balance between Law and Economics and the need to better account for the “whole unanalysed experience of human race”, often neglected by the Economic Analysis of Law approach. Most disagreements are about the ‘how’. In any case, the search for the Law and Economics ‘not (yet) taken’ or for other “Law and … ” approaches is always open to the Future.
Ultrasound screening of ovarian cancer
Authors: Bäumler Marcel , Gallant Delphine , Druckmann René , Kuhn Walther 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate. The most common serous type spreads rapidly throughout the peritoneal cavity when 5-year survival is 10%. If diagnosed in earlier stages where the cancer is still confined to the ovary, this survival rate is about 90%. This is the reason to be interested in screening at earlier stages in the average-risk general population. Thus, annual transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) alone or as a multimodal screening test following serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) has been investigated. Ultrasound lacks sensitivity and specificity; new contrast-enhanced approaches might improve these. When the serum marker is combined with ultrasound and interpreted by a rise in the level rather than by a fixed cut-off, improved sensitivity and specificity and a late but not significant reduction in mortality are observed. Further investigations could highlight the interest of a shorter than annual screening, of a long-term follow-up and new contrast-enhanced ultrasound techniques.
Prediction of modes of action of components of traditional medicinal preparations
Authors: Baldo Fatima 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraditional medicine preparations are used to treat many ailments in multiple regions across the world. Despite their widespread use, the mode of action of these preparations and their constituents are not fully understood. Traditional methods of elucidating the modes of action of these natural products (NPs) can be expensive and time consuming e. g. biochemical methods, bioactivity guided fractionation, etc. In this review, we discuss some methods for the prediction of the modes of action of traditional medicine preparations, both in mixtures and as isolated NPs. These methods are useful to predict targets of NPs before they are experimentally validated. Case studies of the applications of these methods are also provided herein.
Experimental Study of Non-Premixed Flames of Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Air in Cross-Flow and the Effects of Fuel Properties on Flame Stability
Authors: Muthu Kumaran S. , Raghavan Vasudevan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Stability of flames are affected by fuel properties, geometry of the burner and operating conditions. In this experimental work, first the characteristics of non-premixed flames of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and air in cross-flow configuration, where air jet flows perpendicular to the fuel stream, are studied experimentally. Flame transition and stability regimes of non-premixed flames of LPG and air, in a cross-flow burner without and with obstacles, are determined by systematically varying the fuel and air flow rates. Obstacles such as backward facing step and cylindrical bluff bodies are considered. Subsequently, the effects of fuel properties on the stability of flames are analyzed, Flame stability regimes of natural gas (methane) and biogas (methane and carbon-dioxide), measured from a similar burner are available in literature. These have been compared with the stability of LPG flames in terms of power rating of the burner and global equivalence ratio (defined for non-premixed flames).
A Generalized Multisensor Real-Time Tool Condition–Monitoring Approach Using Deep Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Hassan M. , Sadek A. , Attia M. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tool condition monitoring (TCM) is crucial for manufacturing systems to maximize productivity, maintain part quality, and reduce waste and cost. Available TCM systems mainly depend on data-driven classical machine learning methods to analyze different sensors’ feedback signals for tool condition prediction. Despite their applicability for high process variability and part complexity, they require long development lead time and extensive expert efforts for signal feature definition, extraction, and fusion to accurately detect the tool condition. Additionally, they substantially depend on sensors whose nature is intrusive to the cutting process. Therefore, this research presents a generalized, nonintrusive multisignal fusion approach for real-time tool wear detection in milling that redefines process learning directly from raw signals. In this two-stage approach, the signals’ intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are extracted, optimized, and directly fused in a deep long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) for tool condition prediction. The IMF extraction and optimization mask the effect of the cutting conditions to accentuate the tool condition effect. Therefore, it generalizes and minimizes the learning process to cover a wider range of unlearned process parameters. Embedded feature architecting of the LSTM-RNN is applied to the optimized IMFs for signal fusion and tool condition prediction to standardize the learning process and significantly minimize the lead time. Spindle motor current, voltage, and power signals are used to avoid process intrusion. A systematic study is carried out to define the optimum LSTM-RNN architecture. Extensive experimental validation results have demonstrated tool wear detection accuracy &gt;95 % at different ranges of unlearned cutting conditions.
ДЕРРИДА И ДЕЛЕЗ:
Authors: Azarova Yuliya Olegovna 
Published: October 2019

Исследуя идею «исторического повторения» в философских проектах Ж. Деррида и Ж. Делеза, автор находит множество аналогий. Во-первых, оба мыслителя солидарны в том, что различные способы концептуализации повторения определяют наше видение историчности; во-вторых, оба позиционируют повторение как условие возможности и, одновременно, условие невозможности любой политической формы правления; в-третьих, оба считают, что истинно эпохальное событие (например, революция) происходит лишь тогда, когда «время срывается с петель», разрушая «одномерную» структуру темпоральности; в-четвертых, оба рассматривают революцию как механизм автореференциальных действий, с помощью которых она учреждает сама себя, – т. е. учреждает без какого бы то ни было основания, кроме своего прямого осуществления; в-пятых, оба полагают, что революция есть особое историческое событие, которое допускает бесконечную интерпретацию.
О началах древнегреческой философии:
Authors: Snitko D. Y. 
Published: October 2019

Статья представляет собой попытку осмысления концепции природы, представленной в творчестве Пьера Адо. Основное внимание уделено раскрытию сущности двух основных начал в европейской культуре – «прометеевского» и «орфеевского». Данные начала противостоят у Адо как научно-техническое и созерцательно-эстетическое понимание природы. Методология. Для раскрытия особенностей понимания данной проблемы Пьером Адо используется компаративный метод и концепция французского мыслителя сопоставляется с ницшеанской концепцией о наличии «дионисийского» и «аполлонического» начал в культуре Античности. В результате исследования показано, что осмысление оснований античной культуры у Ф. Ницше и П. Адо исходит из единого представления о противостоянии в культуре эстетического и рационального начал и доминировании в последующей европейской культуре именно рационалистической традиции. Оба мыслителя считают такой подход противоположным самой сущности природы. Но, в то же время, принципиальным моментом, в котором Ницше и Адо расходятся, является общая оценка человеческого разума. Ницше – радикально негативно настроен к разумности, в то время как Пьер Адо именно созерцательную рациональность считает одной из адекватных форм человеческого отношения к природе.
Логика и реальность
Authors: Pavlenko Igor V. 
Published: October 2019

Анализируется соотношение логики и реальности, языка и внелингвистических контекстов в рамках теории идиолингвизма и умеренного релятивизма. Исследуется проблематика противоречия в логике и языке в его отношении к действительности и к ментальным состояниям языкового субъекта. Проблема достоверности рассматривается в русле теории языковых игр Л. Витгенштейна и его представления о значении слова как способе его употребления. Критический анализ данной теории включает в себя рассмотрение противоречия в качестве необходимого условия использования языка.
A Review on the Importance of Developing Evidence-Based Curriculum to Revitalize Leather Based Training
Authors: Mwinyihija Mwinyikione 
Published: October 2019

The review paper attempts to focus on the circumstances the leather sector is experiencing in aspects of declining skilled workforce, apathy on enrolling numbers of students and diverted focus of higher education institutions to conduct other courses and non-leather based research themes. In the process, four summarised thematic issues based on the problem reflected upon and critical questions identified. The review subsequently identified that our approach to training and set up of programmes in HE lacks Evidence-Based Curriculum and this has preambles the issues experienced in the various value chain stratums’ at national, regional and global level and impacts. Therefore, the review study evaluates what type of assumptions, theories and methodologies could assist in revitalising the leather sector training goals and incentivise learning and teaching in HE institutions globally. Africa Leather and Leather Products Institute (ALLPI) studies the Africa scenario with the learnt experience therein reflecting and providing replicable recommendations for a global platform. However, the study is a ‘tip of the iceberg’ that intends to stimulate discussion in a situation that is worsening and negatively impacting the leather sector worldwide. Conspicuously, constraining factors requiring further research is the need to determine if resolving challenges associated with evidence related to curriculum development, would positively impact on adequacy of professional skilled capacity, improve enrollment rates at HE and tertiary and deter apathetic aspects of various institutions on Rand D. Indeed, as a positive gesture in Africa is that many countries have established policies that identify leather as a priority sector and depicts this study relevant is sustaining the intended progress for the national, regional and global leather value chain. Thusly, in Africa, in particular, the support for successful implementation of evidence-based curricula would lead to specialised skills development that assists the continent to transform its set goals in the realms of highly specialised education and preparedness to globalisation.