bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small‐Vessel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tully Phillip J. , Yano Yuichiro , Launer Lenore J. , Kario Kazuomi , Nagai Michiaki , Mooijaart Simon P. , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Lattanzi Simona , Vincent Andrew D. , Tzourio Christophe , Anstey Kaarin J. , Beckett Nigel , Beiser Alexa S. , Birns Jonathan , Brickman Adam M. , Burns Nicholas R. , Cengiz Mahir , Cosh Suzanne , de Heus Rianne A. A. , de Leeuw Peter W. , Dorstyn Diana , Elias Merrill F. , Jukema J. Wouter , Kikuya Masahiro , Kroon Abraham A. , Mahajan Rajiv , McGrath Emer R. , Moll van Charante Eric P. , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Ohara Tomoyuki , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Oishi Emi , Peters Ruth , Richard Edo , Satoh Michihiro , Selvayanagam Joseph , Seshadri Sudha , Stott David J. , Trompet Stella , van Gool Willem A. , van Middelaar Tessa , Turnbull Deborah A. 
Published: December 2019

Background

Research links blood pressure variability (
BPV
) with stroke; however, the association with cerebral small‐vessel disease (
CSVD
) remains unclear. As
BPV
and mean blood pressure are interrelated, it remains uncertain whether
BPV
adds additional information to understanding cerebrovascular morphological characteristics.

Methods and Results

A systematic review was performed from inception until March 3, 2019. Eligibility criteria included population, adults without stroke (<4 weeks); exposure,
BPV
quantified by any metric over any duration; comparison, (1) low versus high or mean
BPV
and (2) people with versus without
CSVD
; and outcomes, (1)
CSVD
as subcortical infarct, lacunae, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, or enlarged perivascular spaces; and (2) standardized mean difference in
BPV
. A total of 27 articles were meta‐analyzed, comprising 12 309 unique brain scans. A total of 31 odds ratios (
OR
s) were pooled, indicating that higher systolic
BPV
was associated with higher odds for
CSVD
(
OR,
1.27; 95%
CI,
1.14–1.42; I
2
=85%) independent of mean systolic pressure. Likewise, higher diastolic
BPV
was associated with higher odds for
CSVD
(
OR,
1.30; 95%
CI,
1.14–1.48; I
2
=53%) independent of mean diastolic pressure. There was no evidence of a pairwise interaction between systolic/diastolic and
BPV
/mean
OR
s (
P
=0.47), nor a difference between
BPV
versus mean pressure
OR
s (
P
=0.58). Fifty‐four standardized mean differences were pooled and provided similar results for pairwise interaction (
P
=0.38) and difference between standardized mean differences (
P
=0.70).

Conclusions

On the basis of the available studies,
BPV
was associated with
CSVD
independent of mean blood pressure. However, more high‐quality longitudinal data are required to elucidate whether
BPV
contributes unique variance to
CSVD
morphological characteristics.
Vaccine Against PCSK9 Improved Renal Fibrosis by Regulating Fatty Acid β‐Oxidation
Authors: Wu Danyu , Zhou Yanzhao , Pan Yajie , Li Chang , Wang Yingxuan , Chen Fen , Chen Xiao , Yang Shijun , Zhou Zihua , Liao Yuhua , Qiu Zhihua 
Published: December 2019

Background

Defects in the renal fatty acid β‐oxidation pathway have been implicated in the development of renal fibrosis. Our group has developed a therapeutic vaccine targeting
PCSK
9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), named
PCSK
9Qβ‐003. In this study, we investigated the potential effectiveness of the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine on hypercholesterolemia with renal fibrosis.

Methods and Results

The low‐density lipoprotein receptor
+/−
male mice fed with a high‐cholesterol (1%) Western diet were randomly assigned into 4 groups: the sham group (or the control group), the phosphate‐buffered saline group, the Qβ virus‐like particles group and the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine group. Mice of the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 group were injected with the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine (100 μg/time) every 2 or 4 weeks. The mice were administered with either unilateral ureteral obstruction for 2 weeks or N‐nitro‐
l
‐arginine methyl ester (50 mg/kg per day) for 6 weeks to establish a renal fibrosis model. Compared with the other 3 groups, the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine obviously decreased total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in low‐density lipoprotein receptor
+/−
mice with hypercholesterolemia. Compared with the phosphate‐buffered saline and Qβ virus‐like particles groups, the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine improved hepatic steatosis and renal function. Histology analysis showed that the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine significantly ameliorated renal lipid accumulation and renal fibrosis. Moreover, the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine obviously upregulated the expression of low‐density lipoprotein receptor, very‐low‐density lipoprotein receptor, sterol‐regulatory element binding protein 2, and fatty acid β‐oxidation–related factors, and ameliorated renal fibrosis‐related molecules both in the unilateral ureteral obstruction and N‐nitro‐
l
‐arginine methyl ester models.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the
PCSK
9Qβ‐003 vaccine improved renal lipid accumulation and renal fibrosis by regulating fatty acid β‐oxidation, which may provide a promising method for treating hypercholesterolemia with renal fibrosis.
The Paul of Acts
Authors: Jipp Joshua W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe question of the relationship between “Judaism” and “Christianity” in the Acts of the Apostles has been marked by two contradictory interpretive traditions. One tradition emphasizes conflict and rupture, whereas the other sees continuity and a positive treatment of Judaism. These interpretive traditions both find significant textual support from Acts. There is an internal tension within Luke’s characterization of Paul that does not fit neatly into easy dichotomies and is representative of Luke’s broader two-volume work. The present author argues that the significance of God’s history within Israel centers upon Paul’s central conviction that Israel’s Davidic Messiah, resurrected and enthroned at God’s right hand, is the singular dispenser of salvation for Israel and the pagan nations. This messianic conviction results in a re-evaluation (not rejection) of Israel’s primary identity markers that will only be embraced if one grants Paul’s claim that the hope of Israel is identified with Jesus the resurrected Messiah.
Emotions, Pre-emotions, and Jesus’ Comportment in Luke 22:39–42
Authors: Pope Michael 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince Neyrey’s important study on Jesus’ emotional state in Luke’s garden scene, many scholars have subsequently viewed the redactions as stemming, in part, from concern over negative Stoic passions (πάθη). The present author follows a similar trajectory but goes on to show that Luke’s removal of Jesus’ affective episode comports with a popularized misunderstanding of Stoic pathology but not with well-established and current Stoic teachings on pre-emotions (προπάθειαι). The author further demonstrates how Stoic sources allow for and even require early onset emotive reactions that do not threaten a sage’s moral integrity and how Luke, unlike Matthew, over-corrects his source material in an unnecessary way.
In the Bosom of Abraham
Authors: Yoder Keith L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study examines the name and role of the poor man in the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus in Luke 16:19–31. An intertextual reading through the lens of Septuagint Genesis and Job reveals the character of Lazarus to be a seamless weave of suffering Job and Eliezer the Servant of Abraham. The testings, death and burial, thigh oath, and long journeys in Genesis 22–24, involving the closely bound Abraham and Eliezer, with supplementation from sore-covered Job who experienced sequential reversals between rich to poor, converge as the base literary template for Luke’s Abraham and Lazarus.
The Radical Nation-State and Contemporary Extremism
Authors: Nagata Masaki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In recent years Muslim extremist groups have sought to establish a contemporary Islamic caliphate. Such groups have not historically sought to establish such a territory; this form of sovereignty did not exist in the Prophet’s time, and is quite unlike the traditional Islamic model or that practiced by the Prophet in Medina. Moreover, this ideal state incorporates elements of the modern, sovereign nation-state. It is ironic that, although such groups criticize Western systems and laws, their concept of ‘the state’ derives from the very European ideology that they so violently oppose. This paper examines how notions of modern statehood have influenced the ideologies of state and law espoused by contemporary extremist groups.
Weapons Used Aboard Ming Chinese Ships and Some Thoughts on the Armament of Zheng He’s Fleet
Authors: Papelitzky Elke 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Zheng He’s fleet fought several battles during his seven voyages to the Indian Ocean. The ships thus had to be equipped with powerful weapons. Unfortunately, the sources directly related to Zheng He’s voyages do not mention in detail the armament of Zheng He’s ships. More general information on the armament of Ming ships is, however, abundant. By examining military writings such as Qi Jiguang’s Jixiao xinshu and Mao Yuanyi’s Wubeizhi, as well as archaeological data in the form of weapons excavated from shipwrecks, this article aims to trace the development of the equipment on ships during the Ming dynasty. The article shows that ships carried a patchwork of gunpowder and non-gunpowder weapons composed of old technology alongside new technology. The use of non-gunpowder weapons also developed during the mid-Ming, with weapons specialized for naval warfare appearing and javelins replacing bows as the primary non-gunpowder weapons for long-range attacks. The article also reviews the few sources available about the weapons used on Zheng He’s fleet.
Designing for the Extremes: Modeling Drivers’ Response Time to Take Back Control From Automation Using Bayesian Quantile Regression
Authors: DinparastDjadid Azadeh , Lee John D. , Domeyer Joshua , Schwarz Chris , Brown Timothy L. , Gunaratne Pujitha 
Published: December 2019

Objective Understanding the factors that affect drivers’ response time in takeover from automation can help guide the design of vehicle systems to aid drivers. Higher quantiles of the response time distribution might indicate a higher risk of an unsuccessful takeover. Therefore, assessments of these systems should consider upper quantiles rather than focusing on the central tendency. Background Drivers’ responses to takeover requests can be assessed using the time it takes the driver to take over control. However, all the takeover timing studies that we could find focused on the mean response time. Method A study using an advanced driving simulator evaluated the effect of takeover request timing, event type at the onset of a takeover, and visual demand on drivers’ response time. A mixed effects model was fit to the data using Bayesian quantile regression. Results Takeover request timing, event type that precipitated the takeover, and the visual demand all affect driver response time. These factors affected the 85th percentile differently than the median. This was most evident in the revealed stopped vehicle event and conditions with a longer time budget and scenes with lower visual demand. Conclusion Because the factors affect the quantiles of the distribution differently, a focus on the mean response can misrepresent actual system performance. The 85th percentile is an important performance metric because it reveals factors that contribute to delayed responses and potentially dangerous outcomes, and it also indicates how well the system accommodates differences between drivers.
The prevalence of fragmented QRS and its relationship with left ventricular systolic function in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liu Peng , Wu Jine , Wang Lu , Han Dan , Sun Chaofeng , Sun Jingjing 
Published: December 2019

Objective To investigate the prevalence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) on electrocardiograms (ECG) in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to examine the association between fQRS and left ventricular systolic function. Methods This retrospective study analysed clinical and laboratory data from consecutive patients with CKD. The relationship between fQRS and left ventricular systolic function was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 310 patients (186 males; mean ± SD age, 52.24 ± 15.72 years) with CKD participated in this study. The prevalence of fQRS was 30.32% (94 of 310 patients). The prevalence of fQRS was more common in the inferior leads (53.19%; 50 of 94) compared with the anterior leads (21.28%; 20 of 94) and the lateral leads (25.53%; 24 of 94). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio [OR] 1.356; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.022, 2.036) and coronary artery disease (OR 2.355; 95% CI 1.056, 5.251) were independent risk factors of fQRS in patients with CKD. Conclusion The fQRS was prevalent in patients with CKD regardless of the CKD stage.
Oxygen therapy versus conservative therapy in suspected uncomplicated myocardial infarction without hypoxemia: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled studies
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhu Youfeng , Zhang Min , Yin Haiyan , Wei Jianrui 
Published: December 2019

Background:The effect of oxygen therapy in patients with suspected uncomplicated myocardial infarction and without hypoxemia at baseline was uncertain.Objectives:We aimed to perform a rigorous and comprehensive meta‐analysis to robustly quantify the efficacy of oxygen therapy in patients with suspected uncomplicated myocardial infarction and without hypoxemia at baseline.Methods:We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to August 2018. Two researchers screened studies and collected the data independently. Randomized controlled trials were included. The main outcome was mortality at the longest duration of follow‐up.Results:Seven studies involving 7732 patients (median = 157 patients; range = 72–6629 patients; interquartile range = 136–441 patients; oxygen therapy group = 3856 patients; conservative group = 3876 patients) were included. Compared with conservative therapy, oxygen therapy did not significantly reduce mortality at the longest follow‐up (risk ratio = 0.97; 95% confidence interval = 0.68 to 1.40; z = 0.15; p = 0.88), at discharge (risk ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 0.48 to 2.26; z = 0.11; p = 0.91), 30 days (risk ratio = 1.08; 95% confidence interval = 0.78 to 1.49; z = 0.44; p = 0.66), and 6 months (risk ratio = 0.93; 95% confidence interval = 0.73 to 1.17; z = 0.66; p = 0.51) in patients with suspected uncomplicated myocardial infarction and without hypoxemia at baseline. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between two groups with regard to infarct size (standard mean difference = 0.15, confidence interval = –0.13 to 0.44; z = 1.07, p = 0.28), cardiac troponin levels (standard mean difference = 0.30, confidence interval = –0.09 to 0.69; z = 1.51, p = 0.13), in hospital reinfarction (risk ratio = 1.49, confidence interval = 0.80 to 2.78; z = 1.25, p = 0.21), and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (risk ratio = 0.91, confidence interval = 0.69 to 1.18; z = 0.72, p = 0.47). Multiple subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and trial sequential analysis were consistent with overall findings.Conclusion:Compared with conservative therapy, oxygen therapy did not decrease the mortality at the longest duration of follow‐up, discharge, 30 days, and 6 months in patients with suspected uncomplicated myocardial infarction and without hypoxemia at baseline. Furthermore, large‐scale, multicenter studies are needed to confirm our results.Registration:PROSPERO, number CRD42017078807.
Stroke in young cannabis users (18–49 years): National trends in hospitalizations and outcomes
Authors: Desai Rupak , Singh Sandeep , Patel Krupa , Goyal Hemant , Shah Manan , Mansuri Zeeshan , Patel Smit , Mahuwala Zabeen K , Goldstein Larry B , Qureshi Adnan I 
Published: December 2019

Background Recent legalization of therapeutic and recreational cannabis use makes it imperative to have an insight into odds and trends in young-onset stroke-related hospitalizations among cannabis users (18–49 years). Methods The National Inpatient Sample dataset (2007–2014) was utilized to assess national trends, odds of young-onset stroke-related hospitalizations, and outcomes among cannabis users vs. nonusers using provided discharge weights, strata, and cluster design. The rates are described per 100,000 hospitalizations among cannabis users and non-users. Results A total of 3,307,310 hospitalizations were identified among young adults with current or previous cannabis use. Of these, 34,857 (1.1%) were related to young-onset stroke. A relative increase of 13.92% (553 in 2007 to 630 in 2014; ptrend < 0.001) in young-onset stroke admissions was reported among cannabis users. The odds of any stroke (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.14–1.19, p < 0.001) and acute ischemic stroke (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.31–1.51, p < 0.001) hospitalizations were considerably higher among cannabis users as compared to nonusers. In-hospital mortality rates were increasing (3.7% to 4.3%) among cannabis users whereas decreasing (7.7% to 5.9%) in nonusers from 2007 to 2014 ( ptrend < 0.001). The mean length of stay and the hospitalization charges showed increasing trends in cannabis-related young-onset stroke admissions. There was an increasing trend in young-onset stroke admissions among male cannabis users (578 to 701; ptrend < 0.001) but not among females (516 to 457; ptrend = 0.14). The maximum rise in the young-onset stroke-related admissions was seen in African Americans (743 to 996; ptrend < 0.001). Conclusions We identified rising trends and higher risk (16% higher of overall young-onset stroke, 41% higher of acute ischemic stroke) of stroke-related hospitalizations and worse outcomes among cannabis users aged 18–49 years from 2007 to 2014.
Age-dependent clinical outcomes in primary versus oral anticoagulation-related intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Sprügel Maximilian I , Kuramatsu Joji B , Gerner Stefan T , Sembill Jochen A , Madžar Dominik , Reindl Caroline , Bobinger Tobias , Müller Tamara , Hoelter Philip , Lücking Hannes , Engelhorn Tobias , Huttner Hagen B 
Published: December 2019

Aims This study determined the influence of age on bleeding characteristics and clinical outcomes in primary spontaneous (non-OAC), vitamin K antagonist-related (VKA-) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant-related (NOAC-) ICH. Methods Pooled individual patient data of multicenter cohort studies were analyzed by logistic regression modelling and propensity-score-matching (PSM) to explore the influence of advanced age on clinical outcomes among non-OAC-, VKA-, and NOAC-ICH. Primary outcome measure was functional outcome at three months assessed by the modified Rankin Scale, dichotomized into favorable (mRS = 0–3) and unfavorable (mRS = 4–6) functional outcome. Secondary outcome measures included mortality, hematoma characteristics, and frequency of invasive interventions. Results In VKA-ICH 33.5% (670/2001), in NOAC-ICH 44.2% (69/156) and in non-OAC-ICH 25.2% (254/1009) of the patients were ≥80 years. After adjustment for treatment interventions and relevant parameters, elderly ICH patients comprised worse functional outcome at three months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) in VKA-ICH: 1.49 (1.21–1.84); p < 0.001; NOAC-ICH: 2.01 (0.95–4.26); p = 0.069; non-OAC-ICH: 3.54 (2.50–5.03); p < 0.001). Anticoagulation was significantly associated with worse functional outcome below the age of 70 years, (aOR: 2.38 (1.78–3.16); p < 0.001), but not in patients of ≥70 years (aOR: 1.21 (0.89–1.65); p = 0.217). The differences in initial ICH volume and extent of ICH enlargement between OAC-ICH and non-OAC-ICH gradually decreased with increasing patient age. Conclusions As compared to elderly ICH-patients, in patients <70 years OAC-ICH showed worse clinical outcomes compared to non-OAC-ICH because of larger baseline ICH-volumes and extent of hematoma enlargement. Treatment strategies aiming at neutralizing altered coagulation should be aware of these findings.
Influence of photobio-modulation with an Er,Cr: YSGG laser on dentin adhesion bonded with bioactive and resin-modified glass ionomer cement
Authors: Alkhudhairy Fahad , Naseem Mustafa , Ahmad Zeeshan H , Alnooh Abrar N , Vohra Fahim 
Published: December 2019

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of bioactive cement (BAC) in comparison to conventional dual cure resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (ECL) dentin photo biomodulation. Methods: One hundred and twenty extracted human molars were allocated in eight groups ( n = 15) based on surface conditioning and cement type. Specimens of groups 2 and 6 were conditioned with ECL whereas, groups 3 and 7 were treated with ECL + ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA). Specimens in groups 4 and 8 were surface conditioned by ECL + EDTA + Tetric-N-Bond, and groups 1 and 5 were considered as control (non-surface treated). Cement build-ups were performed on the surface-treated dentin with BAC (groups 1–4) and RMGIC (groups 5–8). A universal testing machine was used to measure the SBS and the mode of failure was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis was performed using an analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test, at a significance level of p < 0.001. Results: The highest SBS values were observed in group 8, ECL + EDTA + Tetric-N-Bond + RMGIC (21.54 ± 3.524 MPa) and the lowest SBS values were displayed by group 1, with no surface treatment and BAC application (11.99 ± 0.821 MPa). The majority of failures were found to be mixed in lased dentin-treated dentin surfaces. BAC when bonded to dentin surfaces conditioned with ECL showed lower SBS in comparison to RMGIC. Conclusion: Conditioning of dentin with ECL and a bonding agent (Tetric-N-bond) improved bond strength scores for BAC and RMGIC. Use of EDTA improved bond strength values when bonded to BAC and RMGIC; however, this improvement was not statistically significant.