bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of polyethylene terephthalate (road barrier waste) in concrete for rigid pavement
Authors: Hasan D , Juhari N , Rofi M H , Albar A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Plastic have become a major problem in solid waste management due to its inability to degrade when they are disposed at landfill site. Approximately 0.80 kg/capita to 1.9 kg/capita of municipal solid waste is generated daily in Malaysia, which is expected to increase annually. Cracking of rigid pavement is the phenomenon where the pavement fails under repetitive loading by a load smaller than the load that can cause failure in single application. Other than that, decrements of the flexural strength due to the lower tensile strength can cause the joint spalling. The larger the load, the smaller will be the number of repetition to cause cracks. In this study paper presents the effect of Polyethene terephthalate (PET) road barrier waste as alternative addition in concrete grade C40 for rigid pavement. The material was obtained from Jabatan Kerja Raya(JKR) Seberang Perai Tengah and it need through cutting process to become fiber with range size about 12mm15mm length and 3mm-5mm width before to be addition into concrete. Four types of concrete mixes with different percentages of PET road barrier fibers which are 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%. Each specimen consist of six cube samples and one beam. The six cubes represent sample at 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. The beam sized 150mm x 150mm x 750mm was only tested on 28 days of curing. The result obtained on the compressive test, 2% of additive PET road barrier in concrete shows the highest result compare to the 0% and 1% additive. Compression test result shows 2% of PET road barrier waste fibers as the optimum percentage of PET road barrier additive with the maximum load of 42.13 MPa.
Investigations on power requirements for industrial compression strategies for Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Authors: Daud N K , Nasuha N , Martynov S , Mahgerefteh H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of this study is to identify the optimum multistage compression strategies for minimising the compression and intercooler power requirements for pure CO2 stream. An analytical model based on thermodynamics principles is developed and applied to determine the power requirements for various compression strategies for pure CO2 stream. The compression options examined include conventional multistage integrally geared centrifugal compressors (option A), supersonic shockwave compressors (option B) and multistage compression combined with subcritical (option C) and supercritical liquefaction (option D) and pumping. In the case of determining the power demand for inter-stage cooling and liquefaction, a thermodynamic model based on Carnot refrigeration cycle is applied. From the previous study by [1], the power demand for inter-stage cooling duty was assumed to have been neglected. However, based on the present study, the inter-stage cooling duty is predicted to be significantly higher and contributes approximately 30% of the total power requirement for compression options A, C and D, while reaches 58% when applied to option B. It is also found that compression option C can offer higher efficiency than other compression strategies, while supercritical liquefaction efficiency is only marginally higher than that in the compression option A.
Citrus fruit peel waste as a source of natural coagulant for water turbidity removal
Authors: Dollah Z , Abdullah A R C , Hashim N M , Albar A , Badrealam S , Mohd Zaki Z Z 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the suitability of citrus fruit peel waste namely as Citrus Aurantiifolia (key lime) and Citrus Microcarpa (kasturi lime) to act as a natural coagulant for water turbidity removal. The performance of these two coagulants was assessed in terms of turbidity removal using jar test experiments for synthetic low turbid water. The results indicated that the optimum dosage and turbidity removal for Citrus Microcarpa and Citrus Aurantiifolia was found at 30 mg/l with 75.6% turbidity removal and 60 mg/l with 74 % turbidity removal, respectively. Citrus Aurantiifolia showed higher removal efficiency as compared to Citrus Microcarpa. The study demonstrated that both citrus fruit peel waste has the potential to be use as a substitute for chemical based coagulant for a future alternative in water treatment.
An experimental mechanism of a tandem flapping wing for micro aerial vehicle
Authors: Ismail N.I. , Yusoff H. , Budin S. , Yamin A.F.M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Micro Aerial Vehicles, otherwise known as MAVs, is defined as an aerial vehicle that has a 15cm or less wingspan with a take off wight of less than 200g. Its miniature size and manoeuvrability allows it to fly in confined space at low Reynolds number flight conditions (100 – 100,000). In this study, an entothopter design inspired by dragonfly wings was investigated using a subsonic wind tunnel to see the effect of tandem wing configuration on the lift generation. The study was done at different flapping frequency (5-11Hz) and at different flight speed (5m/s, 7m/s, and 9m/s). It was observed that in phase flapping configuration produces better lift for all flapping frequency and all flight speed.
Biodiversity analysis of spontaneously fermented Garcinia mangostana pericarp: From laboratory scale to pilot scale
Authors: So’aib M S , Salihon J , Ku Hamid K H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Biodiversity analysis was carried out on Garcinia mangostana pericarp (GMP) which underwent spontaneous fermentation. Population dynamic was carried out using the plating method while genotyping employed gene sequencing of 16S rDNA (bacteria) and 5.8S-Internally Transcribed Spacer (5.8S-ITS) rDNA (yeasts). Throughout 90-day fermentation in 5-L fermenter (laboratory scale) ecosystem, the prevalence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast were indicated by their viable cell counts at 103 to 104 colony forming unit per ml (CFU/mL) on MRS medium and 103 to 107 CFU/mL on PDA medium respectively, while the prevalence of LAB and yeasts in 50-L fermenter (pilot scale) ecosystem were marked by 103 to 107 CFU/mL and 102 to 105 CFU/mL on the respective medium. Complete inhibition of enterobacteriaceae population conferred a microbiological safety of the fermented GMP. Genotyping of isolates revealed Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in 5-L fermenter ecosystem, while Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were isolated from 50-L fermenter ecosystem. Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecalis were amongst probiotic species isolated from 5-L and 50-L ecosystems respectively, whereas Saccharomycetaceae yeasts were ubiquitous in both ecosystems.
Durability Performance of Utilising Quarry Dust as Sustainable Material in Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Siti Quraisyah A A Dyg. , Kartini K. , Hamidah M S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) a latest innovation in concrete technology is being regarded as one of the most promising developments in the construction industry due to numerous advantages over conventional vibrated concrete. SCC is an innovative construction material that can be placed into forms without mechanical vibration which able to flow and consolidate under its own weight. The utilisation of quarry dust (QD) as waste and eco-friendly material in SCC was investigated in this study. Conventional vibrated concrete mix was designated as OPC while SCC mixes with different percentages of QD which are 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% that had been used to replace sand as partial fine aggregate. The high-range superplasticizer had been used as the chemical admixtures that can enhance the rheological properties of all SCC mixes. The performance of conventional vibrated concrete and QD in SCC in terms of its workability was investigated while the durability performance was investigated by conducting water absorption test and water permeability test for curing periods of 7, 28 and 60 days were considered in this study. 50% of QD is the optimum dosage that can be used in order to achieve the lowest water absorption meanwhile 40% of QD is the optimum dosage that can be used in order to achieve the lowest water permeability for QD in SCC mix. In conclusion, the innovation material by utilising QD in SCC improve the workability and durability performance of concrete.
Improvement of emissions characteristics and exhaust temperature in single cylinder diesel engine fuelled with algae oil additive
Authors: Sharudin H , Ismail N I , Pahmi A , Mahadzir M M , Rahim N A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
An experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the emission characteristics and exhaust gas temperatures of algae oil additive in diesel blends. Diesel fuel (D100) and fuel blends of algae oil at 1% (A1), 2% (A2), 3% (A3) and 4% (A4) concentration were prepared and put to test on an unmodified single cylinder diesel engine. The test was conducted at a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm with varying engine load (0, 2, 4 and 6Nm). The engine performance of exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and oxide of nitrogen (NOx) were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the properties of algae oil additive were comparable to diesel fuel and it was successfully used to run the diesel engine. In terms of exhaust emissions, A4 blends exhibited lowest CO and NOx emission by about 90.9% and 21% lower compared to pure diesel D100 at engine load of 6Nm, respectively. However, A4 blends also exhibited the highest CO2 percentage emission which is about 31% more than D100 and exhaust gas temperature of 1.22% higher compared to D100 at 4 Nm engine load.
Predicting the next oil change for automotive engine oil
Authors: Ibrahim D , Stapah M , Ruslan M A A , Yaakob Y , Budin S , Maideen N C , Yusoff H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of the engine lubrication system is to supply lubricating oil to all moving parts in the engines to reduce friction rates. The failure of this can cause damage to the engine system. The aim for this project is to develop a user-friendly device to predict as accurately as possible the next oil change for an automobile. The device consisted of four main parts, the electronic part, the heating element, the main body and the cover. A 12V DC motor is used to measure the current as the shaft connected to the motor immersed in fluid which temperature is controlled at 40 Celsius. The experiment was conducted using waste oil lubricant (WLO) collected from an automobile servicing centre. The behaviour of a given fluid was analysed using data generated. A measure of viscosity was calculated. The upper limit of viscosity change is set to +15% change and -10% for lower limit. The result shows the deterioration of WLO in term of viscosity. From the sample tested with the device, all the WLO were overused as the oil was over the allowable limit of viscosity changes which could present a danger of possible damage to the engine. Therefore, this device can function as a preventive maintenance device of car as the user can predict when is the best time to change their automobile oil lubricant.
Maximum shear modulus evaluation based on continuous wavelet transform of bender element test
Authors: Ibrahim A , Noor M J Md , Ibrahim M N , Ahmad J , Ahmad A 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMaximum shear modulus (Gmax) is a crucial parameter in the prediction of ground deformation and performance of seismic design. Practically, theGmaxparameter could be obtained from specific laboratory test or seismic field test. Bender element (BE) test is nondestructive laboratory test, which is simple yet reliable method in determiningGmaxof soil. This study focuses on application; processes and analysis ofGmaxvalues obtained from BE laboratory test using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) method. TheGmaxvalues were validated with results from field seismic dilatometer test (sDMT) conducted at the same site of soil sampling for BE laboratory test. BE laboratory tests were conducted on undisturbed Auckland residual clay at various effective confining pressures (ECP) under fully saturated condition. TheGmaxvalues analysis between CWT and field sDMT data were based on the overburden pressures values that matches with ECP applied in the BE laboratory test. In summary, the comparison between CWT analysis of laboratory and field sDMT data indicated good consistency ofGmaxvalues. Thus, confirmed the reliability of CWT method in estimatingGmaxparameter from BE laboratory test.
Deep convolution neural network for crack detection on asphalt pavement
Authors: Yusof N A M , Ibrahim A , Noor M H M , Tahir N M , Yusof N M , Abidin N Z , Osman M K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Asphalt cracks are one of the major road damage problems in civil field as it may potentially threaten the road and highway safety. Crack detection and classification is a challenging task because complicated pavement conditions due to the presence of shadows, oil stains and water spot will result in poor visual and low contrast between cracks and the surrounding pavement. In this paper, the network proposed a fully automated crack detection and classification using deep convolution neural network (DCNN) architecture. First, the image of pavement cracks manually prepared in RGB format with dimension of 1024x768 pixels, captured using NIKON digital camera. Next, the image will segmented into patches (32x32 pixels) as a training dataset from the original pavement cracks and trained DCNN with two different filter sizes: 3x3 and 5x5. The proposed method has successfully detected the presence of crack in the images with 98%, 99% and 99% of recall, precision and accuracy respectively. The network was also able to automatically classify the pavement cracks into no cracks, transverse, longitudinal and alligator with acceptable classification accuracy for both filter sizes. There was no significant different in classification accuracy between the two different filters. However, smaller filter size need more processing training time compared to the larger filter size. Overall, the proposed method has successfully achieved accuracy of 94.5% in classifying different types of crack.
Shear strength of food packaging plastic wastes as liner material
Authors: Abd-Aziz N H , Alias S , Bashar N A M , Ahmad A , Amir A , Abdul-Talib S , Tay C C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The demand uses of plastic are increasing day by day leading to the various outsized amount of plastic waste producees across the world. Therefore, a proper discarding of the plastic wastes without causing any environmental risk has become a real challenge. The reuse of plastic to a beneficial product is one of the sustainable options which can secure the environment and prevent the plastic discarded to the landfill or incinerated. In this study, laboratory test was conducted to analyse the potential of recycle plastic waste as liner material in engineering application. The plastic waste was fabricated as 2mm plastic sheet liner and the geotechnical behaviors namely shear strength was analysed and compared with the commercialized liner which known as the geomembrane. Results of shear analysis showed the cohesion between the fabricated plastic waste liner (FPWL) meet the reference value for cohesion ranging 10-24 kPa. However, for internal friction most of the FPWL samples did not meet the reference value for internal friction ranging between 25-35o. This shows that plastic waste has a good shear strength and meet with global factor which feasible as alternative liner material in engineering application.
Lift, drag and pitching moment performances of different wing profiles for MAV wings
Authors: Ismail N I , Yusoff H , Sharudin H , Suhaimi S , Hamdan S K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The wing profile for Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) can be easily developed through the polynomial equation method which is proven in generating good aerodynamic performances. However, the study demands more studies in profile configurations to provide more evidence which interrelated with its aerodynamic performances. Thus, in this works, an aerodynamic study on different wing profiles configurations has been carried out. Profile 1, Profile 2 and Profile 3 were developed through the 3rd order polynomial equations have analyzed based on simulation works by using ANSYS-CFX. Based on the lift distribution analysis, it shows that Profile 3 has a huge advantage in generating better lift distribution (CL) among the wing profiles. Profile 3 able to produce at least 20% to 22.9% better maximum lift coefficient (CLmax) and CL magnitude compared to the other wing profiles. Despite its benevolent in CL performances, Profile 3 has induced the highest drag (CD) penalty among the wing profiles. Profile 3 has consistently produced at least 57.5% higher CD magnitude compared to other wing profiles. However, in terms of moment coefficient (CM) performances, Profile 3 has shown a promising ability in providing better wing stability compared to the other wing profile due to steeper CM slope.
The study of hybrid composite plates under transverse sinusoidal load using ANSYS
Authors: Azmi N N , Nasir M F M , Ayoub G , Hussain A K , Mahmud J 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Composite materials have been widely used in many applications but understanding their failure behavior is always challenging. For years, numerical investigation has been the effective alternative, even though the underlying theories related to composite materials are complicated. This study aims to investigate the improved strength of hybridization by comparing the failure behavior of glass-epoxy composite laminate and hybrid glass-graphite-epoxy laminate under transverse sinusoidal load. The composite and hybrid composite laminates with various aspect ratios were modelled using ANSYS. The plates were simply supported and transverse sinusoidal load were applied until failure occurs. Initially, numerical validation was performed and the simulated results are found to be close to the 3D elasticity analytical results. In general, most simulated parameters produced error less than 2% and thus proving the reliability of the finite element models and implementation. The first ply failure (FPF) and last ply failure (LPF) curves were plotted to compare the failure trend of glass-epoxy composite laminate and its hybrid laminate. The results showed no significant difference in the FPF trend but hybridization could withstand up to 80% more normalized load in terms of the LPF. In conclusion, the present study has shed new knowledge about the failure behavior of hybrid laminate and thus, this knowledge could be applied in designing hybrid composite laminates.
Effect of bias voltage on the electrochromic properties of WO3 films
Authors: Au B W C , Chan K Y , Pang W L , Lee C L , Wong S K , Mustafa A H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Electrochromism is the phenomena of reversible colour change in electrochromic (EC) materials due to a small applied voltage. Tungsten oxide (WO3) is one of the most studied cathodic electrochromic materials for its applications in smart windows, displays and rear-view ymirrors. In this work, WO3 films were fabricated on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass via the sol-gel spin-coating method. The influence of bias voltage on the EC properties of the fabricated WO3 films was studied. The optical properties were characterised by using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and the EC properties were characterised by the chronoamperometry (CA) method. The fabricated WO3 films exhibited an optical transmittance of 80 % in the visible range. CA measurements revealed an increase in colouring and bleaching time and intercalated charge density as bias voltage was increased. Moreover, the colouring and bleaching transmittance of the WO3 films were found to decrease as bias voltage was increased. Within our measurement range, bias voltage of 1.0 V was found to be the optimum bias voltage where it corresponds to 34 % optical modulation and higher colouration efficiency of 22.6 cm2/C.
Short-term light soaking effect on dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Yeoh M E , Chan K Y 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are one of the most promising third generation solar cells and have been regarded as a competitive alternative to the conventional silicon-based photovoltaic devices due to their relatively low production cost. Light soaking effect is an intriguing phenomenon that exists in DSSCs, which refers to the enhancement of the electrical parameters in the cells after being exposed to light soaking. In this paper, we report on the variation in the electrical parameters of DSSCs under continuous exposure to a simulated solar irradiation for a period up to 6h. Increments of Jsc and Voc in DSSC were observed after 6h of light soaking, which led to improved efficiency from 3.87% to 4.50%. The improvements may be ascribed to the formation of electron trapping states below the TiO2 conduction band edge, which facilitated the charge carrier transport.
Damage detection of artificial corroded rebars and quantification using non-destructive methods on reinforced concrete structure
Authors: Senin S F , Hamid R , Ahmad J , Rosli M I F , Yusuff A , Rohim R , Abdul Ghani K D , Mohamed Noor S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Corrosion of rebars in reinforced concrete structure is a big universal problem created by saline water ingress causing rebar and other metal structural member to corrode. The deterioration of concrete structures due to the harsh environment conditions leads to the deterioration of the reinforced concrete performance structure, and the premature deterioration of the structure before completing due to carbonation or the chloride content of the future services is expected to be the primary concern for engineers and researchers. Progress of corrosion location cannot be visually evaluated until the point when crack or a delamination is appearing. Therefore, in the study, the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is used to investigate the artificial rebar corrosion damage on steel rebars. The methods showed the artificial rebar corrosion damage can be detected and quantified without damaging the surrounding concrete material. GPR showed the potential on detecting rebar corrosion damage on large areas and in a rapid manner.
Rheological properties of film solution from cassava starch and kaffir lime oil
Authors: Manshor N M , Jai J , Hamzah F , Somwangthanaroj A , ongdeesoontorn W T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Rheology of film solution is important to determine the final characteristics of biopolymer film as packaging material. In this study, the dynamic rheological properties of cassava starch-kaffir lime oil film solution were determined. The rheology measurement was made at frequency of 0.1 to 10 Hz and 1 % strain at 25 °C. The storage modulus (G’), loss modulus (G") and complex viscosity (η*) were determined to know the viscoelastic behavior of the film solution. The magnitude of G’ was greater than G" for all samples which indicated that the film solution was a gel-like; that is, the film solution behaves more like a solid where the deformations were elastic and recoverable. All samples show increasing trend of G’ and G" as the frequency increased. The complex viscosity decreased with increasing frequency which presented a shear thinning behavior of the film solution. The dynamic rheological properties of cassava starch-kaffir lime oil film solution was determined appropriately, thus the characterization of produced biopolymer film by casting can be correlated.