bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inulin as a Promising Alternative Feedstock for Docosahexaenoic Acid Production by Schizochytrium sp. ATCC 20888
Authors: Dai Kexin , Zhao Jing , Cheng Yan , Tian Chang , Zhang Chunzhi , Chen Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSchizochytrium sp. is considered as a promising alternative commercial source of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but the production is hindered by the high feedstock cost. In this study, inulin is used as a cheap and readily available feedstock for Schizochytrium sp. ATCC 20888 to produce DHA. The strain could not utilize inulin directly and therefore inulin first needed to be hydrolyzed. Compared with the acidic hydrolyzate by HCl and hydrolyzate by endo‐inulinase, the hydrolyzate by exo‐inulinase serves as the most effective carbon source for microalgal growth. Hydrolysis of inulin by exo‐inulinase is further optimized, and up to 97.8% of inulin conversion is obtained under the optimal conditions of 40 °C, pH 7.0, substrate concentration of 80 g L−1 and exo‐inulinase loading of 2 g kg−1 substrate for 12 h. The resulting hydrolyzate containing mainly fructose is used for the DHA production by the microalga. The lipid content in biomass, DHA content in total fatty acids, DHA yield, and DHA productivity at 72 h reach 45.26%, 35.59%, 5.64 g L−1 and 1.88 g L−1 d−1, respectively. The results suggest that inulin is an excellent feedstock for Schizochytrium sp. suitable for commercial DHA production.Practical Applications: DHA is an essential nutrient for human health and is widely used in infant formula and functional food. As a reserve carbohydrate, inulin present in plants represents a cheap, abundant, and readily available bioresource. This study describes the suitability of inulin as a promising alternative to glucose for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. Hence, a practical bioprocess for commercial DHA production from inulin by Schizochytrium sp. could be developed. As far as it is known, this is the first report of inulin as a feedstock for Schizochytrium sp. to produce DHA.
ANGUISH: Security attack in narrowband‐Internet of Things (NB‐IoT) using game theory and hardware analysis
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Kumar Jha Rakesh , Jain Sanjeev 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) plays a vital role in our daily life. IoT is dominating in many areas like industries, health care, smart home, social network, defense sector, and the education sector. In the last couple of years, users are facing different challenges like security issues related to social network and defense sector. In this article, our prime focus is to secure the social and defense network associated with narrowband‐Internet of Things. This article proposes the artificial intelligence (AI)‐based defense security attacks using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the first part of the article, we have proposed attack modeling on smart home scenario and finalize the critical parameter for performance analysis. In the next section, the performance analysis based on game theory (GT) (AI based) approach is attained, using different techniques like nash equilibrium and Prisoner's dilemma. In the last section, detailed hardware analysis has been carried out for analyzing attack in real‐time scenario and is illustrated with the help of step‐by‐step process. Our proposed model proves that UAV‐based router can spoof by the intruder with the probability of 0.4 using GT and hardware analysis.
Trends in parotidectomy over 30 years in an Australian tertiary care center
Authors: Subramaniam Narayana , Gao Kan , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan Robert , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNomenclature, classification, and management of parotid tumors are constantly evolving; this study was performed to identify temporal trends in histology and facial nerve sacrifice in parotidectomy during a 30‐year period (1987‐2018).MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients treated in a single tertiary‐care institution during this time period was performed with analysis of temporal trends.ResultsTwo thousand eight hundred and fifty‐seven parotidectomies were performed; pleomorphic adenoma was the most common histology (34.3%), followed by skin cancer metastases (32.3%). Significant trends noted were increasing age (P < .001), fewer parotidectomies for inflammatory lesions (P < .001), reduced incidence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (P = .048), increasing incidence of parotidectomy for cutaneous malignancies (P < .001), and reduced facial nerve sacrifice (P = .034).ConclusionIn this contemporary series of parotid pathology, metastatic cutaneous malignancies accounted for a third of cases. Despite reducing facial nerve sacrifice in parotid disease, it is still required in approximately 15% of malignancy and needs to be discussed with all patients preoperatively.
Hall effects on MHD couple stress fluid flow through a vertical microchannel subjected to heat generation: A numerical study
Authors: Roja A. , Gireesha B. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe present study analyzes the irreversibility in an electrically conducting couple stress fluid between two vertical channel plates with the aspects of exponential space and temperature‐dependent, radiative heat flux, heat generation, and Joule heating. A reduced system of the governing equations is obtained via applying suitable nondimensional variables. To determine the solutions of velocity, thermal field, irreversibility, and irreversibility ratio, the Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg method along with the shooting technique has been employed. The various pertinent parameters that are involved in the problem have been discussed in detail through graphs. The results show that the entropy production can improve with the viscous dissipation, Joule heating, exponential space and temperature‐dependent, and radiative heat flux. Furthermore, it is clear that the entropy enhances with wall ambient temperature difference, radiation parameter, and the effect is reversed with higher estimations of the fluid wall interaction parameter, couple stress parameter, and rarefaction. The present numerical results are compared with the existing results that are in good agreement.
Development and Application of a Predictive Model for Treated Wastewater Irrigation Management in a Semiarid Area
Authors: Dragonetti Giovanna , Khadra Roula , Daccache André , Oubelkacem Abdellah , Choukr-Allah Redouane , Lamaddalena Nicola 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The use of treated wastewater (TWW) as an alternative resource to fresh water (FW) for irrigation purposes is becoming increasingly important, especially in semiarid and arid regions. However, achieving success in crop production largely depends on the adoption of appropriate on-farm management strategies aimed at optimizing crop yields, maintaining soil productivity and safeguarding the environment. For this purpose, predictive models are of particular interest. A safe irrigation management (SIM) model developed and tested in this research was used to schedule irrigation under controlled management tailored to the use of 1) TWW and 2) FW and to reproduce farmers' strategies. These management strategies aim to improve actual irrigation practices, accounting for water quality, soil characteristics, and crop yield. The results of the application of SIM on a citrus farm in Souss-Massa, Morocco, show that the management strategy adopted by farmers withdraws considerable amounts of water and results in substantial drainage volumes compared to those in the SIM strategy. In the specific case of TWW, the strategy simulated by the SIM model resulted in a decrease in yield of approximately 4%, compared to the 23% decrease derived from the farmers' traditional strategy. Moreover, SIM allowed for great savings in terms of fertilizing elements and for the reduction in the movement of water and salts beyond the root zone, usually considered the main source of groundwater contamination. These results confirm the appropriateness of using prediction models and the accuracy of the SIM model in adapting irrigation strategies to TWW, which will be an integral part of the strategies that encourage their use in irrigated agriculture. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:910–919. © 2020 SETAC
Phenotypically defined subpopulations of circulating follicular helper T cells in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Yesillik Sait , Gupta Sudhir 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by low immunoglobulin G and IgA/IgM, decreased switched memory B cells, impaired response to vaccine, and an increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmunity. TFH cells play an important role in germinal center reaction where it supports isotype switching, somatic hypermutation, generation of memory B cells, and differentiation of B cells to plasma cells. The objective was to study the distribution of three subsets of TFH cells and their relationship with autoimmune diseases associated with CVID.MethodsTFH cells have been divided into TFH1 (interleukin 21 [IL‐21] and interferon γ), TFH2 (IL‐21 and IL‐4), and TFH17 (IL‐21 and IL‐17) cells. Mononuclear cells from 25 patients with CVID and age and gender‐matched controls were stained with various monoclonal antibodies (anti‐CD4 APC, anti‐CXCR5 FITC, anti‐CCR6 PerCP, and anti‐CXCR3 PE) and isotype controls and analyzed for TFH1 (CD4+CXCR5+CXCR3+CCR6−), TFH2 (CD4+CXCR5+CXCR3−CCR6−), and TFH17 (CD4+CXCR5+CXCR3−CCR6+) cells by multicolor flow cytometry. Twenty thousand cells were acquired and analyzed by FlowJo software. Statistical analysis of comparison of patients and healthy controls was performed by paired t test using PRISM 7 software.ResultsTFH2 and TFH17 cells subpopulations of TFH cells were significantly decreased (P < .003 and P < .006, respectively) in CVID as compared with controls. No significant difference was observed in any of TFH cell subpopulations between CVID with and those without autoimmunity group.ConclusionAlterations in TFH cell subpopulation may play a role in defects in B cell compartment in CVID.
Seneciphylline, a main pyrrolizidine alkaloid in Gynura japonica, induces hepatotoxicity in mice and primary hepatocytes via activating mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Wang Weiqian , Yang Xiao , Chen Yan , Ye Xuanling , Jiang Kaiyuan , Xiong Aizhen , Yang Li , Wang Zhengtao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerbal drug‐induced liver injury has been reported worldwide and gained global attention. Thousands of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) cases have been reported after consumption of herbal medicines and preparations containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are natural phytotoxins globally distributed. And herbal medicines, such as Gynura japonica, are the current leading cause of PA‐induced HSOS. The present study aimed to reveal the mechanism underlying the hepatotoxicity of seneciphylline (Seph), a main PA in G. japonica. Results showed that Seph induced severe liver injury through apoptosis in mice (70 mg/kg Seph, orally) and primary mouse and human hepatocytes (5–50 μM Seph). Further research uncovered that Seph induced apoptosis by disrupting mitochondrial homeostasis, inducing mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, and cytochrome c (Cyt c) release and activating c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK). The Seph‐induced apoptosis in hepatocytes could be alleviated by Mdivi‐1 (50 μM, a dynamin‐related protein 1 inhibitor), as well as SP600125 (25 μM, a specific JNK inhibitor) and ZVAD‐fmk (50 μM, a general caspase inhibitor). Moreover, the Seph‐induced MMP loss in hepatocytes was also rescued by Mdivi‐1. In conclusion, Seph induced liver toxicity via activating mitochondrial‐mediated apoptosis in mice and primary hepatocytes. Our results provide further information on Seph detoxification and herbal medicines containing Seph such as G. japonica.
Automated red blood cell depletion: Results from a validation trial of the Fenwal Amicus new red blood cell depletion program
Authors: Sanderson Frederick , Cauchois Raphaël , Berda‐Haddad Yael , Poullin Pascale 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeA new software release of the Fenwal Amicus device is now available for red blood cell (RBC) apheresis, offering RBC exchange, RBC depletion (RBCd)/RCB exchange, and RBCd procedures. The main goal of this study was to validate the new RBCd program through the accuracy of the patient's postprocedure hematocrit (HCT) (actual end HCT) to the HCT reported by the device at the end of the procedure (target end HCT). Secondary objectives were to assess the device‐related significant adverse events, the patient's cellular losses, and the degree of device induced hemolysis.MethodsThe study was an open‐label, single‐center, prospective trial in adult patients eligible for RBCd. Patients were enrolled between October 2015 and June 2016. In all procedures, saline was used as replacement fluid. Blood samples were collected from the patient before and after the procedure. Device settings, adverse events, and procedure results were recorded.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were enrolled (34 treated for iron storage disease and 5 for polycythemia vera); only 36 were evaluable for the primary objective. The mean actual end HCT was 34.6 ± 2.79% and the mean target end HCT was 35.8 ± 2.25%. The ratio (actual end to target end HCT) was 0.97 ± 0.05 with a 95% CI demonstrating the accuracy of the target HCT. One patient experienced a vasovagal event not related to the device. Cellular losses were not clinically relevant.ConclusionThe RBCd Amicus program met all RBCd efficiency and safety requirements with high accuracy of the target HCT.
SuSMoST: Surface Science Modeling and Simulation Toolkit
Authors: Akimenko Sergey S. , Anisimova Galina D. , Fadeeva Anastasiya I. , Fefelov Vasiliy F. , Gorbunov Vitaliy A. , Kayumova Tatyana R. , Myshlyavtsev Alexander V. , Myshlyavtseva Marta D. , Stishenko Pavel V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present to the scientific community the Surface Science Modeling and Simulation Toolkit (SuSMoST), which includes a number of utilities and implementations of statistical physics algorithms and models. WithSuSMoSTit is possible to predict or explain the structure and thermodynamic properties of adsorption layers.SuSMoSTautomatically builds formal graph and tensor‐network models based on atomic description of adsorption complexes and helps to do ab initio calculations of interactions between adsorbed species. Using methods of various natureSuSMoSTgenerates representative samples of adsorption layers and computes its thermodynamic quantities such as mean energy, coverage, density, and heat capacity. From these data one can plot phase diagrams of adsorption systems, assess thermal stability of self‐assembled structures, simulate thermal desorption spectra, and so forth.
Evaluation of methods to detect and quantify the bimodal precipitation over Central America and Mexico
Authors: Zhao Zijie , Zhang Xihan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBimodal precipitation is a globally observed and regionally significant event that has a significant influence on the agriculture, public health, and insurance needs of associated regions. Many studies have focused on the mechanisms behind the generation and development of this event; however, little research into its characteristics exists due to a lack of a widely accepted method for accurate detection and quantification. Using a function collection containing various methods, different methods can be compared in terms of their performance in the detection and quantification of bimodal precipitation signals, allowing the proposal of appropriate criteria for method choice in various study types. Five methods (Mosiño and García, 1966; Curtis, 2002; Angeles et al., 2010; Karnauskas et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2020) are adapted to the Climate Prediction Centre data during 1979–2017 in the domain of southern Mexico and Central America, and their performances are evaluated and compared. While outputs from the five methods reach general consistence for strong bimodal features over the Pacific side of Central America and Yucatán Peninsula, some biases are identified, specifically shown by the fact that methods using monthly climatological data demonstrates bimodal precipitation over the Caribbean side of Central America, while those using daily annual data indicate the existence of bimodal precipitation over the Pacific side of southern Mexico. By comparing two typical algorithms, we determined that this bias was induced by the limitation of temporal resolution in monthly climatological data and the nature of algorithms applying daily annual data. As part of a case study, a cluster algorithm was applied to outputs from an algorithm using daily annual precipitation, and a classification algorithm was used to test clustering performance. The resultant general high accuracy shows that annual bimodal signals offer good adaption to cluster and other potential machine learning algorithms.
Monolayer Conveyor for Stably Trapping and Transporting Sub‐1 nm Particles
Authors: Danesh Mohammad , Zadeh Mehdi Jafary , Zhang Tianhang , Zhang Xiaohe , Gu Bing , Lu Jin‐Sheng , Cao Tun , Liu Zhengtong , Wee Andrew T. S. , Qiu Min , Bao Qiaoliang , Maier Stefan , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEfficient manipulation of nanoparticles and single molecules has always been of great interest and potential in nanotechnology. However, many challenges still remain in effectively functionalizing structures for this purpose. In this work, taking advantage of graphene's Dirac plasmon for its extreme confinement and tunability, a monolayer conveyor along which the position of optical potential well can be dynamically controlled is theoretically proposed. It is shown that by tuning a single voltage, one can manipulate the resonance along the graphene nanoribbon by changing graphene's effective surface plasmons wavelength. A configuration of monolayer graphene conveyor is proposed and Langevin dynamics reveals that a prototypical nanoparticle (1 nm size) can be effectively confined and transported along the device with proper external bias voltage. Hence, this work successfully proposes a promising avenue toward reconfigurable nanomanipulation of sub‐1 nm nanoparticles, and goes beyond the current state‐of‐the‐art of optical micrometer/nanometer‐sized particles manipulation with optical tweezers and nanoplasmonic tweezers.
Multiple solutions for superlinear Klein–Gordon–Maxwell equations†
Authors: Wu Dong‐Lun , Lin Hongxia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following Klein–Gordon–Maxwell equations
where is a constant, u, , is a potential function. By assuming the coercive condition on V and some new superlinear conditions on f, we obtain two nontrivial solutions when h is nonzero and infinitely many solutions when f is odd in u and for above equations.
Glutaredoxin 1 Downregulation in the Substantia Nigra Leads to Dopaminergic Degeneration in Mice
Authors: Verma Aditi , Ray Ajit , Bapat Deepti , Diwakar Latha , Kommaddi Reddy Peera , Schneider Bernard L. , Hirsch Etienne C. , Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a severe loss of the dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Perturbation of protein thiol redox homeostasis has been shown to play a role in the dysregulation of cell death and cell survival signaling pathways in these neurons. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) is a thiol/disulfide oxidoreductase that catalyzes the deglutathionylation of proteins and is important for regulation of cellular protein thiol redox homeostasis.ObjectivesWe evaluated if the downregulation of Grx1 could lead to dopaminergic degeneration and PD‐relevant motor deficits in mice.MethodsGrx1 was downregulated unilaterally through viral vector‐mediated transduction of short hairpin RNA against Grx1 into the SNpc. Behavioral assessment was performed through rotarod and elevated body swing test. Stereological analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase–positive and Nissl‐positive neurons was carried out to evaluate neurodegeneration.ResultsDownregulation of Grx1 resulted in contralateral bias of elevated body swing and reduced latency to fall off, accelerating rotarod. This was accompanied by a loss of tyrosine hydroxylase–positive neurons in the SNpc and their DA projections in the striatum. Furthermore, there was a loss Nissl‐positive neurons in the SNpc, indicating cell death. This was selective to the SNpc neurons because DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area were unaffected akin to that seen in human PD. Furthermore, Grx1 mRNA expression was substantially decreased in the SNpc from PD patients.ConclusionsOur study indicates that Grx1 is critical for the survival of SNpc DA neurons and that it is downregulated in human PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Simultaneous proton density, T1, T2, and flip‐angle mapping of the brain at 7 T using multiparametric 3D SSFP imaging and parallel‐transmission universal pulses
Authors: Leroi Lisa , Gras Vincent , Boulant Nicolas , Ripart Mathilde , Poirion Emilie , Santin Mathieu D. , Valabregue Romain , Mauconduit Franck , Hertz‐Pannier Lucie , Le Bihan Denis , de Rochefort Ludovic , Vignaud Alexandre 
Published: July 2020

PurposePerforming simultaneous quantitative MRI at ultrahigh field is challenging, as B0 and heterogeneities as well as specific absorption rate increase. Too large deviations of flip angle from the target can induce biases and impair SNR in the quantification process. In this work, we use calibration‐free parallel transmission, a dedicated pulse‐sequence parameter optimization and signal fitting to recover 3D proton density, flip angle, T1, and T2 maps over the whole brain, in a clinically suitable time.MethodsEleven optimized contrasts were acquired with an unbalanced SSFP sequence by varying flip‐angle amplitude and RF phase‐cycling increment, at a 1.0 × 1.0 × 3.0 mm3 resolution. Acquisition time was 16 minutes 36 seconds for the whole brain. Parallel transmission and universal pulses were used to mitigate heterogeneity, to improve the results’ reliability over 6 healthy volunteers (3 females/3 males, age 22.6 ± 2.7 years old). Quantification of the physical parameters was performed by fitting the acquired contrasts to the simulated ones using the Bloch‐Torrey equations with a realistic diffusion coefficient.ResultsWhole‐brain 3D maps of effective flip angle, proton density, and relaxation times were estimated. Parallel transmission improved the robustness of the results at 7 T. Results were in accordance with literature and with measurements from standard methods.ConclusionThese preliminary results show robust proton density, flip angle, T1, and T2 map retrieval. Other parameters, such as ADC, could be assessed. With further optimization in the acquisition, scan time could be reduced and spatial resolution increased to bring this multiparametric quantification method to clinical research routine at 7 T.