bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interictal and Ictal MEG in presurgical evaluation for epilepsy surgery
Authors: Stefan Hermann , Rampp Stefan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough presurgical evaluation of patients with pharamacoresistent focal epilepsies provides essential information for successful epilepsy surgery, there is still a need for further improvement. Developments of noninvasive electrophysiological recording and analysis techniques offer additional information based on interictal and ictal epileptic activities. In this review, we provide an overview on the application of ictal magnetoencephalography (MEG). The results of a literature research for published interictal/ictal MEG findings and experiences with own cases are demonstrated and discussed. Ictal MEG may provide added value in comparison to interictal recordings. The results may be more focal and closer to the invasively determined seizure onset zone. In some patients without clear interictal findings, ictal MEG could provide correct localization. Novel recording and analysis techniques facilitate ictal recordings. However, extended recording durations, movement and artifacts still represent practical limitations. Ictal MEG may provide added value regarding the localization of the seizure onset zone but depends on the selection of patients and the application of optimal analysis techniques.
Fruit bats in flight: a look into the movements of the ecologically important Eidolon helvum in Tanzania
Authors: Randhawa Nistara , Bird Brian H. , VanWormer Elizabeth , Sijali Zikankuba , Kilonzo Christopher , Msigwa Alphonce , Ekiri Abel B. , Samson Aziza , Epstein Jonathan H. , Wolking David J. , Smith Woutrina A. , Martínez-López Beatriz , Kazwala Rudovick , Mazet Jonna A. K. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Many ecologically important plants are pollinated or have their seeds dispersed by fruit bats, including the widely distributed African straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum). Their ability to fly long distances makes them essential for connecting plant populations across fragmented landscapes. While bats have been implicated as a reservoir of infectious diseases, their role in disease transmission to humans is not well understood. In this pilot study, we tracked E. helvum to shed light on their movement patterns in Tanzania and possible contact with other species.

Methods
Tracking devices were deployed on 25 bats captured in the Morogoro Municipal and Kilombero District area near the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania. Nightly flight patterns, areas corresponding to foraging bouts and feeding roosts, and new day roosts were determined from bat movement data and characterized according to their proximity to urban built-up and protected areas. Sites for additional environmental surveillance using camera traps were identified via tracking data to determine species coming in contact with fruits discarded by bats.

Results
Tracking data revealed variability between individual bat movements and a fidelity to foraging areas. Bats were tracked from one to six nights, with a mean cumulative nightly flight distance of 26.14 km (min: 0.33, max: 97.57) based on data from high-resolution GPS tags. While the majority of their foraging locations were in or near urban areas, bats also foraged in protected areas, of which the Udzungwa Mountains National Park was the most frequented. Camera traps in fruit orchards frequented by tracked bats showed the presence of multiple species of wildlife, with vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) observed as directly handling and eating fruit discarded by bats.

Conclusions
Because we observed multiple interactions of animals with fruits discarded by bats, specifically with vervet monkeys, the possibility of disease spillover risk exists via this indirect pathway. With flight distances of up to 97 km, however, the role of E. helvum in the seed dispersal of plants across both protected and urban built-up areas in Tanzania may be even more important, especially by helping connect increasingly fragmented landscapes during this Anthropocene epoch.
Determinants of retention strategies and sustainable performance of academic staff of government-owned universities in Nigeria
Authors: Salau Odunayo , Worlu Rowland , Osibanjo Adewale , Adeniji Anthonia , Atolagbe Tolulope , Salau Jumoke 
Published: August 2020

Background: Retention of academic staff is gaining the attention of various educational stakeholders in many developing countries like Nigeria. However, there is little extant literature on how various determinants and risk factors affect retention strategies and sustainable performance of academic staff of government owned universities in Nigeria. Consequently, this paper showed the direct relationships between retention strategies and sustainable performance. Methods: Copies of the designed questionnaire were distributed to members of the academic staff ranging from the Professors to Graduate Assistants of the selected state-owned Universities in Southern Nigeria. Statistical analysis for the study included descriptive measures, measurement and structural models. Results: The determinants of retention strategies had significant impacts on the sustainable performance of academic staff at r = 0.660 (p < 0.05) and r = 0.558 (p < 0.05), respectively. A direct relationship was also established between academic retention and sustainable performance of staff in the selected universities (r = 0.187, p < 0.05). This implies that the 48.3% variance in sustainable performance is explained by the level of determinants/risk factors and retention of academic staff in the selected universities. Conclusions: The study concludes that adequate funding provides Nigerian universities with the opportunity to meet the needs of the growing population and to match other top universities elsewhere in the development of vital highly skilled manpower, research and innovations, which are the tools for sustainable performance.
Piloting the objective measurement of eating behaviour at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Wade Kaitlin H. , Clifford Laura , Simpkin Andrew J. , Beynon Rhona , Birch Laura , Northstone Kate , Matthews Sarah , Davey Smith George , Hamilton-Shield Julian , Timpson Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2020

Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours, such as eating speed, may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove an effective approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale. Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable. Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but no strong evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate at a faster rate. Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating behaviour in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the “one size fits all” approach of current failing obesity interventions.
Incentive Design for Operations-Marketing Multitasking
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Ke Rongzhu , Ryan Christopher Thomas 
Published: August 2020

A firm hires an agent (e.g., a store manager) to undertake both operational and marketing tasks. Marketing tasks boost demand, but for demand to translate into sales, operational effort is required to maintain adequate inventory. The firm designs a compensation plan to induce the agent to put effort into both marketing and operations while facing demand censoring (i.e., demand in excess of available inventory is unobservable). We formulate this incentive-design problem in a principal-agent framework with a multitasking agent subject to a censored signal. We develop a bang-bang optimal control approach, with a general optimality structure applicable to a broad class of incentive-design problems. Using this approach, we characterize the optimal compensation plan, with a bonus region resembling a “mast” and “sail” such that a bonus is paid when either all inventory above a threshold is sold or the sales quantity meets an inventory-dependent target. The optimal mast-and-sail compensation plan implies nonmonotonicity, where the agent can be less likely to receive a bonus for achieving a better outcome. This gives rise to an ex post moral hazard issue where the agent may “hide” inventory to earn a bonus. We show that this ex post moral hazard issue is a result of demand censoring. If available information includes a waiting list (or other noisy signals) to gauge unsatisfied demand, no ex post moral hazard issues remain. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
<p><strong>Distribution of mayflies in thirty streams of Western Ghats, Southern India</strong></p>
Authors: BARATHY S , SIVARUBAN T , SRINIVASAN PANDIARAJAN 
Published: August 2020

Mayflies are recognized as potential bioindicators of good water quality and they are not widely been studied in Indian subcontinent. So the current paper aims to describe the distribution and trophic categorization of mayflies in connection with stream order, mesohabitats and landscape elements. The study was carried out in 30 streams of Palni and Cardamom hills of Southern India from 2017–2018. A total of 10,075 individuals of mayflies were collected from 30 sites. The species richness among the six landscape elements (evergreen, semi evergreen, forestry plantation, areca nut, scrub and habitation) were examined and the outcomes show that streams moving through evergreen territories have more richness (25.6%) followed by semievergreen regions (23.2%) and no mayflies are acquired from pool. PCA results showed that among the mesohabitats; run, riffle and bank underpins the mayfly taxa. Functional Feeding Group (FFG) results shows 27 sites were overwhelmed by scrapers, 2 sites were dominated by collectors and in one site collectors and scrapers were equivalent. Ternary plot reveals scrapers were found to be predominant in all the stream orders. The present study also revealed that in Palni and Cardamom hills, larger numbers of species of Ephemeroptera were sampled from stream orders II and III contrast with stream orders I and IV. Key words: Ephemeroptera, RCC, scrapers, arecanut, FFG
Design of a superresolution large-aperture telescopic optical system with a wide field of view
Authors: Wang Chao , Shi Hao-dong , Liu Zhuang , Fu Qiang , Zhang Su , Zhan Jun-tong , Li Ying-chao , Jiang Lun , Zhang Peng 
Published: August 2020

A pupil modulator is a useful tool to improve the resolution of an optical imaging system beyond the classical diffraction limit. However, when this technology is used in a large-aperture telescopic imaging system, the field of view (FOV) with good superresolution (SR) imaging quality is significantly smaller than the designed FOV of the baseline optical system. In this paper, we investigate the influence of various aberrations on the SR properties of a telescopic system using a low sidelobe five-ring pure phase pupil modulator. On this basis, we propose an optimal design method for a wide FOV and a large-aperture telescopic baseline optical system with uniform image quality and a particular residue of symmetric aberration. The design results show that when the optimized 4 m aperture baseline optical system and the modulator are combined as the imaging system, the imaging system has a round and very similar point spread function in the FOV range of 0.28°; the SR gain ratio is 1.234–1.254; and the highest sidelobe intensity is less than 0.1; thus, the system maintains a high resolution ratio and a low sidelobe energy throughout the entire FOV. Finally, a reasonable tolerance model of the baseline optical system is established. The central symmetry tolerances are observed to be loose in this model, thereby reducing the cost and manufacturing difficulty of the system.
Social cultural factors influencing health seeking practices among men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms attending surgical outpatient clinic at a county referral hospital in Kenya
Authors: Mwendia Muriuki Festus , Wambua Mbithi Bernard , Oluchina Sherry 
Published: August 2020

Health seeking practices is critical towards early screening, detection and control of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) whereby human prostate gland is the major cause of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCA), which mostly accounts for LUTS. Social cultural factors such as cultural beliefs, educational level, income level and religion among many others have a direct influence on health seeking practices both positively and negatively in as far as LUTS are concerned. The researcher explored social cultural factors influencing health seeking practices among men with LUTS attending surgical outpatient clinic at Meru level five hospital (Kenya). De-scriptive cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 120 men with LUTS, and 4 health workers. Census method was used to select the study participants with questionnaires, interview guide and focused group discussion used as instruments of data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22, whereas the qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative techniques. Descriptive statistics were computed to generate percentages and frequencies, which were then presented in tables and charts. Logistic regression was used whereby P-values were employed to determine the statistical significance of results with cut off set at (p â‰¤0.05). Majority (67.0%) of the patients with LUTS were aged between 61-70 years. Also, majority (68.8%) of the respondents had primary level of education, with majority (72.0%) of them being farmers with an income level of below Ksh. 20,000. The study results showed that social cultural factors had statistical significant influence on health seeking practices among men with LUTS.Â Â Â Â
Status of common disease profile and death records among admitted child patients in medical college hospital
Authors: Shahariar Khan Md. , Rahimullah Miah Md. , Hussain Tania , Moosa M.A. Quaium Syed , Rahman Azizur 
Published: August 2020

Background: The study assesses the common disease profile and death records among admitted child patients at the department of Paediatrics in Northeast Medical College Hospital (NEMCH) of Bangladesh.Methodology: This was an observational study conducted in the department of Paediatrics in Medical College Hospital over a period of three years. The patients of common diseases were hundred in number surveyed through primary questionnaire in respect to their profile, diagnosis and death records. The selected common diseases were ARI, diarrhoea, protein energy malnutrition and febrile convulsion.Results: The numbers of total admitted child patients with common diseases were 10737 for three years with the ratio of 1: 0.93 between the male and female. Out of them neonatal and general patients were 3622 and 7115 respectively. In 2018 child patients were less in numbers other than two years. ARI is more common in the end of year but diarrhoea in same added the beginning of following year. The study also represents the febrile convulsion and malnutrition are more in middle and round the year successively.From 2017 to 2019 the death records of neonate and general at the department of NEMCH are 101 and 84 respectively. Indeed, it is a good sign to reducing the unwanted death in common disease through the consecutive year. A systematic control model is developed to recover from the common diseases associated with hospital admitted child patientsâ€™ management.Conclusion: If the medical authority can take advances in preventive measures through health awareness, quality training, safe health care with equipment, facilities and trained-up personnel, then the mortality and morbidity can be reduced suggestively in connection with dynamic National Health Policy and Sustainable Development Goals 2030.Â Â
L´œuvre littéraire et le réel: entre l´ambition de saisir le monde et le défi de la création
Authors: Patiño Rojas Diana Marcela 
Published: August 2020

Cet article propose une réflexion à propos de la nature du lien entre l´oeuvre littéraire et le réel, à travers l´analyse de différentes perspectives théoriques présentées par des philosophes, écrivains et théoriciens de la littérature tels que Platon, Aristote, Diderot, Hugo, Balzac, Champfleury, Maupassant, Baudelaire, Cousin, Proust et Barthes., appartenant à différentes époques. Il s´agit donc de retracer les conceptions de ces auteurs par rapport à l´oeuvre littéraire et son lien avec le réel avec le double propos de definir un panorama de la question, dans lequel l´on met en évidence le développement d´une discussion qui a eu lieu pendant des siècles; et de présenter un point de vue particulier afin de nourrir cette réflexion. Egalement, l´on cherche à constater que les considérations sur le réel et son rapport avec l´oeuvre, continuent d´être de nos jours, l´objet de réflexion et de la création littéraire.
Exosomics
Authors: Mitsis Thanasis , Pierouli Katerina , Diakou Kalliopi Io , Papakonstantinou Eleni , Bacopoulou Flora , Chrousos George P , Vlachakis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2020

Extracellular vesicles have been the focus of a large number of studies in the past five years. Exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles, are of particularly high interest because they partake in a wide number of biological pathways. Produced by a variety of cells, exosomes have an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions. Exosome cargo heavily defines the vesicles' unique characteristics, and cargo with the most intriguing prospects in its' biomedical applications is the non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs, and specifically microRNAs are implicated in the regulation of many biological processes and have been associated with numerous diseases. Exosomes containing such important cargo can be used as biomarkers, therapeutic biomaterials, or even drug carriers. The potential media use of exosomes seems promising. However, some obstacles should be overcome before their clinical application. Synthetic exosome-like biomolecules may be a solution, but their production is still in their beginning stages. This review provides concise information regarding the current trends in exosome studies.
“Penned Against the Wall”
Authors: Enriquez Sophia M. 
Published: August 2020

Although the Appalachian region has long been associated with white racial identity, Latinx people remain the region's largest and fastest-growing minority. What perspectives and experiences are revealed when such narratives of whiteness are challenged by the visibility of Latinx migrants? What does music tell us about ongoing discourses of migration and border-crossings? This essay analyzes Latinx immigration narratives in Appalachian music and offers the possibility of a Latinx-Appalachian musical and cultural resonances.
I take up the music of artists who claim hybrid Latinx-Appalachian cultural and musical identities. Namely, this essay focuses on Che Apalache—a four-piece band based in Buenos Aires that plays “Latingrass”—and the Lua Project—a five-piece band based in Charlottesville, Virginia, that plays “Mexilachian” music. Using field recordings and ethnographic interviews with both groups, this essay analyzes references to U.S.-Mexico border politics, acts of border crossing, and Latin American-Appalachian geographic similarities. I engage U.S.-based Latinx studies and Appalachian studies to establish relationships of Appalachian and Latinx cultures and incorporate analyses of both Spanish and English lyrics. Ultimately, this essay suggests that listening for Latinx migration narratives in Appalachian music challenges assumptions of belonging in the shifting U.S. cultural landscape.
Keseimbangan dan Kelentukan Pergelangan Kaki: Bagaimanakah Korelasinya dengan Kemampuan Shooting Sepakbola?
Authors: Sinatriyo Dewonggo , Kusuma Indra Jati , Festiawan Rifqi , Kusnandar Kusnandar , Heza Fuad Noor 
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi keseimbangan dan kelentukan pergelangan kaki dengan kemampuan shooting siswa peserta ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMP Negeri 2 Kembaran Banyumas. Metode penelitian ini adalah korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional, teknik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 60 siswa. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi Diagonal Dynamic Balance Test (Roy & Ghosh, 2017) dan kelentukan pergelangan kaki & Shooting (Widiastuti, 2015). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi pearson product moment dan korelasi ganda. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara keseimbangan dengan kemampuan shooting dengan nilai rx1.y = 0,071 < r(0,05)(60) = 0,254, Ada korelasi antara kelentukan pergelangan kaki dengan kemampuan shooting dengan nilai rx2.y = 0,341 > r(0,05)(60) = 0,254, dan Tidak ada korelasi antara keseimbangan dan kelentukan pergelangan kaki dengan kemampuan shooting dengan nilai rx1,x2,.y = 0,129 < r(0,05)(60) = 0,254, dari hasil tersebut dapat diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa tidak ada korelasi antara keseimbangan dan kelentukan pergelangan kaki dengan kemampuan shooting. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between ankle balance and flexibility and the shooting ability of students participating in soccer extracurricular at SMP Negeri 2 Kembaran Banyumas. This research method is correlational with cross sectional approach, the sampling technique uses purposive sampling with inclusion and exclusion criteria and a sample of 60 students is obtained. The research instruments used include the Diagonal Dynamic Balance Test (Roy & Ghosh, 2017) and ankle elasticity & shooting (Widiastuti, 2015). The data analysis technique used is Pearson product moment correlation test and multiple correlation. From the results of the study note that there is no correlation between balance with shooting ability with a value of rx1.y = 0.071 <r (0.05) (60) = 0.254, there is a correlation between ankle flexibility with shooting ability with a value of rx2.y = 0.341> r (0.05) (60) = 0.254, and there is no correlation between ankle balance and flexibility and shooting ability with rx1, x2, .y = 0.129 <r (0.05) (60) = 0.254, from the results It can be concluded that there is no correlation between balance and ankle flexibility and shooting ability.