bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum sTREM-1 in adult-onset Still’s disease: a novel biomarker of disease activity and a potential predictor of the chronic course
Authors: Wang Zhihong , Chi Huihui , Sun Yue , Teng Jialin , Feng Tienan , Liu Honglei , Cheng Xiaobing , Ye Junna , Shi Hui , Hu Qiongyi , Jia Jinchao , Liu Tingting , Wan Liyan , Zhou Zhuochao , Qiao Xin , Yang Chengde , Su Yutong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is an amplifier of inflammatory signals. Recently, a soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) was described. This study aimed to investigate the role of serum sTREM-1 in patients with adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD).

Methods
Serum sTREM-1 levels were detected in 108 AOSD patients, 88 RA patients and 112 healthy controls (HC). The correlations of sTREM-1 with disease activity, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in AOSD patients were analysed by the Spearman correlation test. Risk factors for the chronic course of AOSD were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
AOSD patients had significantly higher serum sTREM-1 levels than RA patients and HC, and serum sTREM-1 levels were correlated with the systemic score, ferritin, leucocyte count, CRP, IL-1β and IL-6. The elevation in the initial sTREM-1 level by itself could discriminate patients developing the chronic course from patients developing the nonchronic course. Moreover, an elevated sTREM-1 level (&gt; 526.4475 pg/ml) was an independent risk factor for the chronic course in active AOSD patients. Furthermore, interfering with TREM-1 engagement led to reductions in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, in neutrophils and monocytes from active AOSD patients.

Conclusion
Serum sTREM-1 levels are correlated with disease activity, and an elevation in the initial serum sTREM-1 level is a potential predictor of the chronic course in AOSD patients, which currently provides the best predictive model for identifying patients prone to developing the chronic course of AOSD.
Evidence from Field Experiments in Hiring Shows Substantial Additional Racial Discrimination after the Callback
Authors: Quillian Lincoln , Lee John J , Oliver Mariana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractField experiments using fictitious applications have become an increasingly important method for assessing hiring discrimination. Most field experiments of hiring, however, only observe whether the applicant receives an invitation to interview, called the “callback.” How adequate is our understanding of discrimination in the hiring process based on an assessment of discrimination in callbacks, when the ultimate subject of interest is discrimination in job offers? To address this question, we examine evidence from all available field experimental studies of racial or ethnic discrimination in hiring that go to the job offer outcome. Our sample includes 12 studies encompassing more than 13,000 job applications. We find considerable additional discrimination in hiring after the callback: majority applicants in our sample receive 53% more callbacks than comparable minority applicants, but majority applicants receive 145% more job offers than comparable minority applicants. The additional discrimination from interview to job offer is weakly correlated (r = 0.21) with the level of discrimination earlier in the hiring process. We discuss the implications of our results for theories of discrimination, including statistical discrimination.
Cardiovascular events in hyperuricemia population and a cardiovascular benefit-risk assessment of urate-lowering therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Li , Cao Ling , Zhao Tian-Yi , Yang Xue , Zhu Xiao-Xia , Zou He-Jian , Wan Wei-Guo , Xue Yu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperuricemia and gout have become public health concerns; many important guidelines have recommended xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) as the first-line urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) to treat chronic gout with hyperuricemia. However, whether treating hyperuricemia and gout with ULTs modifies cardiovascular risks remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the incident risk of cardiovascular (CV) events (CVE) in hyperuricemia population, assess the cardiovascular benefit-risk of ULTs in hyperuricemia patients with or without gout in diverse cardiovascular risk sub-groups, and specify the safety of different ULTs.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP (CQVIP, en.cqvip.com), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in English and Chinese. Potential medications included XOIs, and uricosurics. RCTs were divided into sub-groups analysis based on blinding status and patients’ history of CV diseases. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated and were reported with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by fixed-effects or random-effects model.ResultsSeven prospective cohort studies and 17 RCT studies were included. The risks of both major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (RR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.28–2.33) and CVE (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.12–1.62) were higher in the hyperuricemia population than non-hyperuricemia one. In seven RCT studies where XOIs were compared with no-treatment or placebo, the results of five low CV risk studies showed that XOIs lowered the risks of both MACE (RR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.20–0.62) and CVE (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.44–0.85); whereas two high CV risk studies showed that XOIs lowered the risk of CVE (RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.54–0.88) rather than MACE (RR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.29–1.35). In nine RCT studies where the cardiovascular safety between febuxostat and allopurinol were compared, no statistical difference was found in the risk of MACE or CVE.ConclusionsThe hyperuricemia population does have a higher incidence of CVE, and the results suggested that XOIs might reduce the incidence of MACE and total CVE. In addition, from the perspective of cardiovascular safety, febuxostat equaled allopurinol in our meta-analysis.
Venous Coupler in Pediatric Free Tissue Transfer: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Aldekhayel Salah , Alshomer Feras , Alhazmi Bushra 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Venous couplers have gained widespread acceptance as an effective, safe, and time-efficient alternative for hand-sewn anastomosis in microsurgical reconstruction. The literature on venous couplers use in pediatric free tissue transfer is scant. The purpose of this study is to present our experience with coupler-assisted venous anastomosis in young pediatric free flap reconstruction.

Methods:
This is a retrospective single-center review of all children younger than 10 years old who underwent free flap reconstruction over 36-month period. The primary objective was to assess flap survival rate at 30-day postoperative period. The rate of venous thrombosis, flap take back, flap salvage, and the mean coupling time were also assessed.

Results:
Four girls and 1 boy with a mean age of 7.3 ± 2.7 years (range 4–10 years) underwent 6 free flap transfers for head and neck, upper limb, and lower limb reconstructions. Microvascular anastomotic coupler system was used for 8 out of 9 performed venous anastomoses with a size ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 mm. Primary flap survival rate was 100%. None of the flaps in our series developed venous thrombosis or required flap take back for microvascular compromise (mean follow-up of 14.4 months). The mean coupling time was 7.1 minutes.

Conclusions:
In the current study, venous couplers were safe and reliable in free tissue transfer in children younger than 10 years old. Future studies with larger sample size are needed to further examine the safety and efficacy of venous couplers in pediatric microsurgical anastomosis.
ULTRA–WIDE-FIELD IMAGING AND INTRAVENOUS FUNDUS FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY IN INFANTS WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Mao Jianbo , Shao Yirun , Lao Jimeng , Yu Xueting , Chen Yiqi , Zhang Caiyun , Li Hanxiao , Shen Lijun 
Published: February 2020

Purpose:
To determine the feasibility of ultra–wide-field imaging and ultra–wide-field intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography (UWF-IV-FFA) in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) using Optos 200Tx.

Methods:
We performed Optos 200Tx capturing on 32 premature infants (14 females) and UWF-IV-FFA with Optos 200Tx on 12 of the 32 infants between April 2017 and July 2018 at the affiliated eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and analyzed their fundus images.

Results:
Ultra–wide-field color images were acquired from 32 infants (64 eyes). UWF-IV-FFA was performed successfully in 12 premature infants (24 eyes). No adverse events were observed. The ultra–wide-field Optos 200Tx color images and UWF-IV-FFA images revealed Stages 1, 2, and 3 ROP and aggressive posterior ROP.

Conclusion:
Ultra–wide-field imaging and intravenous fundus fluorescein angiography using Optos 200Tx are feasible in infants with ROP, which have the potential to screen, diagnose, and follow-up for ROP.
The Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium
Authors: Hoshino Haruhiko , Matsuishi Yujiro , Enomoto Yuki , Shimojo Nobutake , Kido Takahiro , Matsuzaki Asaki , Matsubara Muneaki , Kato Hideyuki , Hoshino Tetsuya , Traube Chani , Silver Gabrielle , Kawano Satoru , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To examine validity and reliability of the Japanese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium.

Design:
Prospective double-blinded observational cohort study.

Setting:
Eight-bed mixed PICU (post-surgical and internal medicine) from May 2017 to June 2018.

Patients:
All children between the ages of 0–13 years who were admitted to the PICU for at least 24 hours were eligible for inclusion, as long as the child was arousable to verbal stimulation.

Interventions:
Two nurses simultaneously and independently assessed each patient for pediatric delirium with the Japanese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium; this was compared to the gold standard of psychiatric diagnosis based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition standards.

Measurements and Main Results:
Forty-one children were enrolled and 92 assessments (ranging from one to four per subject) were completed. Congenital heart disease patients accounted for 73 enrollees (79%). Forty-three percent of observations were performed in children on invasive mechanical ventilation. Pediatric delirium prevalence (as determined by psychiatric diagnosis) was 53%. The Japanese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium demonstrated an optimal scoring cutpoint of 9. Overall, area under the curve was 92%, sensitivity 90% (95% CI, 79–97%), specificity 88% (95% CI, 75–96%), positive predictive value of 90% (95% CI, 79–97%), negative predictive value of 91% (95% CI, 80–97%), and a Cohen’s κ of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.8–0.98). In children on invasive mechanical ventilation, the Japanese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium maintained an area under the curve 87%, sensitivity 97%, and specificity 64%.

Conclusions:
The Japanese version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium is a valid and reliable tool for use in Japanese PICUs. This will allow for detection of delirium in real-time and may lead to better identification of the population and risk factors for appropriate management and therapeutic and preventative interventions.
Effect of a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Coach on Workload During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Arrest: A Multicenter, Simulation-Based Study
Authors: Tofil Nancy M. , Cheng Adam , Lin Yiqun , Davidson Jennifer , Hunt Elizabeth A. , Chatfield Jenny , MacKinnon Laura , Kessler David 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
Optimal cardiopulmonary resuscitation can improve pediatric outcomes but rarely is cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed perfectly despite numerous iterations of Basic and Pediatric Advanced Life Support. Cardiac arrests resuscitation events are complex, often chaotic environments with significant mental and physical workload for team members, especially team leaders. Our primary objective was to determine the impact of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation coach on cardiopulmonary resuscitation provider workload during simulated pediatric cardiac arrest.

Design:
Multicenter observational study.

Setting:
Four pediatric simulation centers.

Subjects:
Team leaders, cardiopulmonary resuscitation coach, and team members during an 18-minute pediatric resuscitation scenario.

Interventions:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Task Load Index.

Measurements and Main Results:
Forty-one teams (205 participants) were recruited with one team (five participants) excluded from analysis due to protocol violation. Demographic data revealed no significant differences between the groups in regard to age, experience, distribution of training (nurse, physician, and respiratory therapist). For most workload subscales, there were no significant differences between groups. However, cardiopulmonary resuscitation providers had a higher physical workload (89.3 vs 77.9; mean difference, –11.4; 95% CI, –17.6 to –5.1; p = 0.001) and a lower mental demand (40.6 vs 55.0; mean difference, 14.5; 95% CI, 4.0–24.9; p = 0.007) with a coach (intervention) than without (control). Both the team leader and coach had similarly high mental demand in the intervention group (75.0 vs 73.9; mean difference, 0.10; 95% CI, –0.88 to 1.09; p = 0.827). When comparing the cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality of providers with high workload (average score > 60) and low to medium workload (average score < 60), we found no significant difference between the two groups in percentage of guideline compliant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (42.5% vs 52.7%; mean difference, –10.2; 95% CI, –23.1 to 2.7; p = 0.118).

Conclusions:
The addition of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation coach increases physical workload and decreases mental workload of cardiopulmonary resuscitation providers. There was no change in team leader workload.
Positive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Transient Global Amnesia Following the Use of Sildenafil
Authors: Lin Kuan-Yu , Liu Mu-N , Wang Pei-Hsuan , Lau Chi Ieong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) has been proposed as a possible adverse effect of sildenafil. There are rare cases in the literature, but none had strong evidence to support. Our case is the first to demonstrate a focal punctate diffusion-weighted imaging lesion at the right hippocampus after the use of sildenafil. This finding, which is suggestive of cytotoxic edema and is typical for TGA, may provide us evidence for the implication of sildenafil in TGA. We speculate that sildenafil may precipitate TGA by altering blood flow, inducing venous congestion or cortical spreading depression at the hippocampus.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals sugar and homocysteine dysregulations in prodromal AD
Authors: Hajjar Ihab , Liu Chang , Jones Dean P. , Uppal Karan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionAltered metabolism may occur early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used untargeted high-resolution metabolomics in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to identify these alterations.MethodsCSF from 92 normal controls and 93 MCI underwent untargeted metabolomics using high-resolution mass spectrometry with liquid chromatography. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used followed by metabolite annotation and pathway enrichment analysis (PES). Significant features were correlated with disease phenotypes using spearman correlation.ResultsWe identified 294 features differentially expressed between the 2 groups and 94 were annotated. PES showed that pathways related to sugar regulation (N-Glycan, p=0.0007; sialic acid, p=0.0014; Aminosugars, p=0.0042; galactose, p=0.0054) homocysteine regulation (p=0.0081) were differentially activated and significant features within these pathways correlated with disease phenotypes.ConclusionWe identified a metabolic signature characterized by impairments in sugar and homocysteine regulation in prodromal AD. Targeting these changes may offer new therapeutic approaches to ADResearch in ContextSystematic review: The authors searched PUBMED and Google Scholar for previous reports of metabolomics and Alzheimer’s disease. Search Terms included: mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease “AND” metabolism, metabolomics. This search identified multiple small studies that have conducted untargeted metabolomics in AD. This search resulted in the following findings: Prior studies have either included small samples, used targeted approaches, or focused on plasma profiling. In this study, we conducted a case-control untargeted high resolution metabolomic study on the CSF of a larger sample of normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment.Interpretation: We discovered that pathways in sugar metabolism, homocysteine and tyrosine were dysregulated in AD. Further, features that were significantly different between MCI and normal cognition had different patterns of association with cognitive, neuroimaging and Amyloid and tau biomarkers.Future direction: These pathways offer new potential targets for ADHighlightsMetabolic signature is detectable in prodromal ADMultiple sugar metabolism pathways are dysregulated in prodromal AD.S-adenosylmethionine is under- and S-adenosylhomocysteine is overexpressed in AD
Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography: a prospective study
Authors: Chen Jun , Wu Lianlian , Zhang Jun , Zhang Liang , Gong Dexin , Zhao Yilin , Hu Shan , Wang Yonggui , Hu Xiao , Zheng Biqing , Zhang Kuo , Wu Huiling , Dong Zehua , Xu Youming , Zhu Yijie , Chen Xi , Yu Lilei , Yu Honggang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging method for diagnosing 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID19) pneumonia. Our research aimed to construct a system based on deep learning for detecting COVID-19 pneumonia on high resolution CT, relieve working pressure of radiologists and contribute to the control of the epidemic.MethodsFor model development and validation, 46,096 anonymous images from 106 admitted patients, including 51 patients of laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 55 control patients of other diseases in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, Hubei province, China) were retrospectively collected and processed. Twenty-seven consecutive patients undergoing CT scans in Feb, 5, 2020 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were prospectively collected to evaluate and compare the efficiency of radiologists against 2019-CoV pneumonia with that of the model.FindingsThe model achieved a per-patient sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.55%, accuracy of 95.24%, PPV of 84.62%, and NPV of 100%; a per-image sensitivity of 94.34%, specificity of 99.16%, accuracy of 98.85%, PPV of 88.37%, and NPV of 99.61% in retrospective dataset. For 27 prospective patients, the model achieved a comparable performance to that of expert radiologist. With the assistance of the model, the reading time of radiologists was greatly decreased by 65%.ConclusionThe deep learning model showed a comparable performance with expert radiologist, and greatly improve the efficiency of radiologists in clinical practice. It holds great potential to relieve the pressure of frontline radiologists, improve early diagnosis, isolation and treatment, and thus contribute to the control of the epidemic.
A method to estimate the incidence of transfusion reactions for transfusion-treated diseases in Chinese hospitals
Authors: Lin Feng , Tian Xue , Yin Yonghua , Liu Zhong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAlthough transfusion reactions are directly related to transfusion components, transfusion components are clinically related to the diseases afflicting patients. As some transfusion reactions can be life-threatening, estimating the incidence of transfusion reactions (which, in this study, are strictly defined as allergic and febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reactions) of certain categories of diseases is helpful for clinicians. According to the reported blood use of specific departments, the numbers of transfusion patients in these departments can be estimated. By the Association rule mining algorithm, the categories of diseases that often correlate with transfusion reactions have been screened for. It is found that the diseases belonging to C00-C97, D00-D48, D50-D89, K00-K93, N00-N99 and O00-O99 (ICD-10) often correlate with transfusion reactions. Platelet transfusion patients whose diseases belong to C00-C97 encounter transfusion reactions with an incidence of about 1%, which is much higher than the average. The incidence of transfusion reactions in patients whose diseases belong to K00-K93 –who undergo plasma transfusions –might be higher than the average, as the lower bound of this incidence is equivalent to the average incidence. Based on this study, it is suggested that attention be paid to patients whose diseases belong to C00-C97 –who undergo platelet transfusions –to prevent them from experiencing allergic transfusion reactions.
Survival outcomes are associated with genomic instability in luminal breast cancers
Authors: King Lydia , Flaus Andrew , Golden Aaron 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death among women. Breast cancers are generally diagnosed and treated based on clinical and histopathological features, along with subtype classification determined by the Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assay (also known as PAM50). Currently the copy number alteration (CNA) landscape of the tumour is not considered. We set out to examine the role of genomic instability (GI) in breast cancer survival since CNAs reflect GI and correlate with survival in other cancers. We focussed on the 70% of breast cancers classified as luminal and carried out a comprehensive survival and association analysis using Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) data to determine whether CNA burden quartiles derived from absolute CNA counts are associated with survival. Luminal A and B patients were stratified by PAM50 subtype and tumour grade and then tested for association with CNA burden using multiple statistical tests. Analysis revealed that patients diagnosed with luminal A grade 3 breast cancer have a CNA landscape associated with disease specific survival, suggesting that these patients could be classified as at-risk. Furthermore, luminal A grade 3 cases largely occupy a region of stratification based on gene expression at the boundary where luminal A and luminal B cases overlap. We conclude that GI reflected by absolute CNA score is a statistically robust prognostic factor for survival in luminal A grade 3 breast cancer. Therefore, luminal A grade 3 breast cancer patients in CNA burden quartiles 3 or 4 may benefit from more aggressive therapy. This demonstrates how individual genomic landscapes can facilitate personalisation of therapeutic interventions to optimise survival outcomes.