bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrier phase shift modulation and voltage equalization control strategy in modular multilevel converter
Authors: Zhiqi Xu , Xiancang Ai 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In order to solve the problem of voltage fluctuation of sub-module capacitors in Modular Multilevel Converter, based on carrier phase-shifted sinusoidal pulse width modulations, this paper analyzes the effect of different carrier phase shift modulation and the number of sub-modules on a single bridge arm on the number of output levels and uses proportional control to make capacitor voltage balance and PI control to suppress bridge arm circulation. The method has a good stability effect on the sub-module capacitor voltage.A 31-level model is built in MATLAB/simulink to analyze the capacitor voltage fluctuation, output current and voltage distortion rate, and bridge arm current of the sub-module. The voltage and circulation fluctuation range is compared when there is no circulation suppression. It is verified that the method is simple and effective.
Interference Control of Cognitive Network Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Chi Yunbing , Zhang Luyong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a non-cooperative spectrum allocation algorithm based on game theory in a multi-cognitive wireless network scenario. The interference is selected as the basis for establishing the utility function. In order to avoid problems such as excessive calculation of the iterative algorithm and failure to obtain the optimal solution, etc. In this paper, an improved swarm intelligent bat algorithm is proposed. Compared with the original bat algorithm, the improved bat algorithm is richer and more accurate in speed and location update strategies, which improves the diversity of the population. The improved algorithm is applied to the spectrum allocation problem. By rationally allocating spectrum resources, the interference level of the multi-cognitive wireless network system is effectively reduced. It is applicable to dealing with the interference control problem in distributed cognitive radio networks.
Load-Frequency Control Strategy of Power Grid with High Penetration Wind Power Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Xu Tianqi , Zhuang Yuan , Li Yan , Zhang Enmu , Kong Lingling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
After large-scale wind power is integrated to the grid, the randomness and uncertainty of wind power will cause problems of active power imbalance and frequency fluctuations, which puts forward higher requirements for load-frequency control of power grids with wind power integrated. Based on the analysis of the load-frequency control system of power grids with wind power integrated, a novel load-frequency control model based on active disturbance rejection control considering random fluctuating wind energy is proposed. The simulation results show that not only the proposed model can effectively maintain the system frequency, but also the control effect is significantly better than the conventional PI load-frequency controller.
Quantum sensing networks for the estimation of linear functions
Authors: Rubio Jesús , Knott Paul A , Proctor Timothy J , Dunningham Jacob A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The theoretical framework for networked quantum sensing has been developed to a great extent in the past few years, but there are still a number of open questions. Among these, a problem of great significance, both fundamentally and for constructing efficient sensing networks, is that of the role of inter-sensor correlations in the simultaneous estimation of multiple linear functions, where the latter are taken over a collection local parameters and can thus be seen as global properties. In this work we provide a solution to this when each node is a qubit and the state of the network is sensor-symmetric. First we derive a general expression linking the amount of inter-sensor correlations and the geometry of the vectors associated with the functions, such that the asymptotic error is optimal. Using this we show that if the vectors are clustered around two special subspaces, then the optimum is achieved when the correlation strength approaches its extreme values, while there is a monotonic transition between such extremes for any other geometry. Furthermore, we demonstrate that entanglement can be detrimental for estimating non-trivial global properties, and that sometimes it is in fact irrelevant. Finally, we perform a non-asymptotic analysis of these results using a Bayesian approach, finding that the amount of correlations needed to enhance the precision crucially depends on the number of measurement data. Our results will serve as a basis to investigate how to harness correlations in networks of quantum sensors operating both in and out of the asymptotic regime.
Development of Anger Reduction Animated Video for Indonesian Car Driver
Authors: Putranto L S , Tajudin A N , Rostiana  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Driving, especially in congested traffic, might trigger anger and this could be calmed down by accepting appropriate advice through animated socialization video. In this paper, we will discuss the development of anger reduction animated video for Indonesian Car Driver based on driver anger scale measurement in Denpasar, Manado, and Padang. In each city, we asked 200 respondents to fill the driver anger scale consist of 100 motorcyclists and 100 car drivers. Therefore, the overall sample was 600 respondents. A mean different analysis with 2.5 (the departure from not angry to angry) was conducted on 14 items of the scale. In general, the mean responses were less than 2.5 or only marginally above 2.5 except for items 3 (other road users keep changing lanes), 9 (a car moving back without looking) and 13 (a truck kicks up gravel to your vehicle). Therefore, we only design the animated socialization videos for these items.
Classification on Shape of Granitoid Boulder Based on Size and Surface Roughness from Various Weathering Zones for Site Investigation Purposes
Authors: Md. Dan @ Azlan Mohd Firdaus , Naja Marcos Marcelia , Mohammad Edy Tonnizam , Komoo Ibrahim , Madun Aziman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Boulder is often posed challenges to earthwork activities such as cut slope and foundation excavation especially in tropical weathered rock like Malaysia. In addition, the guidelines for hard material or rock excavation related to boulder provided by Department of Works Malaysia (JKR) are limited and there is a need to be revised. Therefore, this study aims to establish a classification chart of boulder’s shape in different weathering zones for site investigation purposes. The parameters of size, volume and characteristics of surface roughness from moderately to completely weathered zone were measured and analysed statistically. Results of this study show that the increase of weathering zone from zone 3 to 5 significantly reducing the size and volume of boulder with reduction of 27% and 38.3%, respectively. Boulder in Zone 3 to Zone 5 can be classified into six typical sphericities: very flat, flat, sub- flat, sub-spherical, spherical and well-spherical. The results also revealed that the physical parameters of boulder can be classified into six classes based on Roundness Ratio (Rr) and Surface Roughness Index (SRI). Based on these results, a boulder shape classification chart was developed and useful as a guideline for engineering application especially in soil investigation purposes.
Comparison of Dispersion Image Resolution Acquired Using Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves with Different Source Energy and Stacking
Authors: Basri K , Talib M K A , Ping B P A , Jumien N L , Zainorabidin A , Lim A J M S , Dan M F M , Talib Z A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Active MASW method is a promising method to determine the stiffness characteristics of the subsurface strata. The accumulation energy to obtain high-resolution dispersion image depends largely on the energy generated from the active source. From the results obtained, the influence of different source energy, source plate and number of stacking on the dispersion image resolution were significant. Heavier source weight (e.g.7 kg sledgehammer) produced highamplitude energy band and provides even lower frequencies. However, if lighter source weight (e.g. small steel hammer) was used, it needs to be coupled with rubber plate to increase the low frequency content, thus generate deeper depth of investigation. Finally, the use of rubber plate and stacking increased the resolution of the dispersion image especially at lower frequencies by significantly suppressing the ambient noise.
Finite Element Analysis of Green Concrete Hollow Block (GCH block) System
Authors: Bosro M Z M , Samad A A A , Mohamad N , Goh W I , Tambichik M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the finite element analysis (FEA) study of Green Concrete Hollow Block (GCH block) system. The designed system is the new approach for Malaysia construction industry to replacing the traditionally construction system. The blocks are interconnected through tongue and groove besides 20 mm protrusion provided for the self-alignment features. This study utilized explicit dynamics procedures offered in ABAQUS software to analyse the GCH block prism under axial loading. Several input parameters are taken from previous study to complete the analysis process. The simulation is conducted to analyse the structural behaviour in terms of its ultimate load, cracking patterns, deformations and also the stresses distributions. The analysis results show that the Green Concrete Hollow Block (GCH block) system is suitable to replacing the traditionally bonded masonry system.
Behavior of Shear Connector Variations on Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using Cold Formed Steel
Authors: Puluhulawa I , Alamsyah  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The method of execution the installation of strengthened material on building structural elements is sometimes a problem because it requires special expertise and expensive. In addition, structural elements strengthened using mortars or additions concrete have shown a collapse that begins with the release of these strengthening material making it difficult to be composite. This research has been tried alternative strengthened using cold formed steel (CFS) profile that were bonded with Epoxy Sikadur CF-31 and Dynabolt M10 so that the strengthened material becomes composite with the existing slab. The purpose of this slab strengthened was to increase the capacity of reinforced concrete slabs to resist bending loads. Five concrete slab test have been made with dimension 45x145x12 cm with longitudinal reinforcement Ø10-140 mm and transverse reinforcement Ø8-650 mm. The four slabs are strengthened using CFS type C75, 0.75 with spacing of 200 mm. Two slabs use the Sikadur CF-31 Epoxy as glue (SSE) and the other two use Dynabolt M10 as shear connectors (SSD). Furthermore, a flexural test was carried out by given one point load in the middle of spans. The results have shown an increase in the flexural load capacity of SSE and SSD. Moreover, the use of Epoxy Sikadur CF-31 as a glue has increased the stiffness of the strengthened slab while the use of Dynabolt can maximize the ability of CFS to carry bending loads.
Geopolymer Mix in Accordance to Design of Experiment (DOE) Method
Authors: Atan H , Mohd Ali A Z , Khalid N H Abd , Mohamed A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study conducted to assess the capability of using DOE method to achieve particular targeted strength for geopolymer concrete. Targeted strength of 30 MPa, 40 MPa and 60 MPa were used in this study. Cube samples with dimension of 100 mm were used for compressive strength test. Similar DOE method calculation as in normal concrete mix were calculated for all the raw material ratios in geopolymer concrete mix. Parameters such as characteristic strength, standard deviation (s), margin (m), target mean strength (fm), free-water/cement ratio (w/c), slump, relative density of aggregate (SSD), concrete density (D), percentage grading of fine aggregate passing 600 μm sieve, and proportion of fine aggregate were determined according to the respective concrete mix design. However, only characteristic strength, fm and w/c varied in each targeted strength mix design while the other parameters were kept constant. In order to yield geopolymer concrete, the used of cement and water in DOE form were fully substituted with the used of fly ash and alkaline activator respectively. Final strength gained from test result for the respective 30 MPa, 40 MPa and 60 MPa were 74.6 MPa, 84.5 MPa and 97.7 MPa. Therefore, it was noted that geopolymer mix yielded higher strength compared to the targeted strength by using the DOE method calculation.
Physicochemical characteristics of PM2.5 particles during high particulate event (HPE) in school area
Authors: Ramli N A , Shith S , Yusof N F F Md , Zarkasi K Z , Suroto A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Observations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological parameter (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) fluctuations during a high particulate event (HPE) in Sekolah Kebangsaan Bayan Lepas, Malaysia have been conducted for three days (48 hrs). Selected sample spot of collected PM2.5 particles with high concentration was chosen to investigate the physicochemical characteristics using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX). The results show that the 24 h average concentration ± standard deviation of PM2.5 (81.87 μg m−3 ± 31.83) exceeded the limit suggested by Malaysia Ambient Air Quality Standard (MAAQS-2020) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) which is 35 μg m−3. The diurnal variations of PM2.5 concentration fluctuated significantly during HPE. Results from Pearson correlation shows that relative humidity gives the most significant influence towards PM2.5 concentration (r = 0.410; p < 0.01) followed by wind direction (r = -0.306, p < 0.01), temperature (r = -0.262., p<0.01) and wind speed (r = -0.206; p < 0.01). From a morphological and elemental analysis, it shows that PM2.5 particles collected on a filter consist of two possible sources, natural and anthropogenic sources. The element components found in the natural particles were C, O, Na, Al, Si, S, K and Fe. The major components were C, O, Al, and Si with weight percentages were 18%, 39%, 9%, and 22%. Dominant elements in anthropogenic particles were C (41%) and a significant amount of K (3%) are found which considered as biomass burning soot. Besides that, the particles also consist of O, Na, Al, Si, and Cl. In summary, particles from natural and anthropogenic sources are dominant in the ambient PM2.5 during HPE.
Requirement of Outdoor Water Filtration System
Authors: Mohd Kamil N A F , Abdullah F N , Mizad M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Presently, outdoor water filtration (OWF) system becomes one of home appliances that is a must-have for every house in Malaysia. Even though the tap water is a guarantee can be consumed directly, Malaysians still need the appliances. These home appliances become popular nowadays, however the requirement of the OWF is never determined. This study focuses on OWF system which improves quality of water from the plant treatment at point of entry before it gets to consumers. The purpose of this study was to understand qualitatively the requirement of OWF system through awareness of the consumers. In addition, residual chlorine was also measured to determine the performance of the system. Seven houses that have been using OWF were asked on their awareness on the technology used in their system and mostly said they knew the technology used. However, they are less aware on types of filter media and water parameter that are related to quality of effluent water. Based on the measurement of residual chlorine, the percentage removal after the system was in the range of 76% to 96%. This high removal was reduced the chlorine concentration far below the recommended, thus the safety of water effluent is uncertain. This study shows that requirement of using the system can still be disputed and therefore the large number of sample may require for further study to obtain the real need of OWF system in Malaysia.
Composition of particle size at Regency Beach, Port Dickson
Authors: Isha I B , Adib M R M , Daud M E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In 2015, the coastline in Negeri Sembilan was recorded to have 10.2 km erosion, which is 17.59% of the total 58 km of coastline in the state. Regency Beach, located in Port Dickson, is one of the areas affected by erosion. This preliminary study was conducted to determine the sediment distribution along the coast of Regency Beach. Nine (9) sampling points were identified starting from the lowest water line up to 40 meters inland, over 800 m along the coast. Sedimentary samples were taken in pore strata and analysed to obtain soil characteristics and particle size classification. According to the USCS classification, the sediment in the study area may be considered as moderate sand. Values of uniformity coefficients, Cu and curvature coefficients, Cc show a uniformly uniform distribution with very low moisture content.
Simulation of Transmission of Drinking Water Sources to Reservoirs: Case Study PDAM Tirta Jati, Cirebon, Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Adam , Wahyudi S. I. , Soedarsono  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Population dynamics have very important effects on ecosystems, including those related to water availability. The availability of clean water is closely related to the condition of the population in an area. Every human being must drink 8 (eight) glasses of water per day. Plants and animals also need water. So it can be said that water is one source of life. Regional Water Supply Company (PDAM) is a company whose ownership is held by the regional head as the operator of drinking water supply for the community. Companies are encouraged to utilize developing technology to manage their drinking water assets effectively and efficiently so they can improve services to the community. EPANET 2.0 is one tool that is suitable for connecting piping network models. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) is a model simulating hydraulics which parameters can be launched through a processing stage. The master network system model created in QGIS was included in EPANET 2.0 for rasterization. Then enter the required data such as pipe length, height of each node, water flow per tapping, pipe roughness coefficient, and peak hour factor. The results of the analysis in the form of pipe hydraulics, such as pipe speed and pressure from each node are used as a basis for network development plans. The ratio of the total population per family in Sumber District in 2018 is 6 people/head of the family. The population in the administrative area served by PDAM is 22,560 people. Domestic water needs can be calculated based on data on average water usage per month recorded at PDAM Tirta Jati, Cirebon Regency. The number of domestic customers was 2,446 in August 2019 with an average monthly water consumption of 15.02 m3/unit. Based on analysis using Epanet and QGIS, parameter data for pipe flow rates are 0.63 - 1.05 meters/second. While the result for water pressure in the pipe is 140.95 meters at node 274.
Simulation of Catchment Area, Water Storage and Pump Capacity in Polder Drainage System
Authors: Ikhwanudin  , Wahyudi S. I. , Soedarsono  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tidal flooding that occurs on the northern coast of Semarang City is caused by high rainfall, sea water level rise, and is exacerbated by land subsidence. Handling of tidal flooding is recommended with a polder system. Tidal flood management is made of several alternative retention ponds located in the Banger region so that water can flow in the new retention pond at the pump into the river so that the water goes to the sea. The purpose of this study is to formulate a correlation between catchment area, retention pool and pump capacity. Rainfall-runoff as well as hydraulic parameters were computed and simulate using SWMM software Version 5.1. Based on the analysis results, it clearly shows that, the flood discharge of 24 m3/s can be overcome by integrated pond structure with pump configuration. Alternative 1 retention pool 1 with a storage volume of 15,000 m3, Alternative 2 combined ponds 1 and 2 with a storage volume of 11,400 m3, Alternative 3 combined 3 ponds 1, 2 and 3, storage volume of 14,200 m3, alternative 4, is a combination of the three retention ponds above, with a storage volume of 64,300 m3. The water level in the pond is maintained not to overflow when pumping is carried out with the addition of the pool area, it will further reduce the capacity of the pump that is turned on with certain configurations on the pump operation schedule.
Rapid Buildings Growth and Environmental Impacts in Kano Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi Hashim , A/L Sinniah Gobi Krishna , Siong Ho Chin , Mohd Azman Nur Shaheera 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
All Rapid building growth is one of the top environmental challenge especially in developing nations. Kano metropolis Nigeria is rapidly expanding that calls for in-depth study. The aim of the study is to assess the environmental impacts of buildings growth in Kano metropolis Nigeria towards sustainability. Carbon monoxides CO was sensed with the aid of device Gas Sensor by Crown Cone and water sampled was taken from the existing ponds and analysed in the laboratory considering physiochemical properties of suspended particles, salinity, colour and total hardness. Geographical Information System (GIS) was used for the location maps preparation. Both indoor and outdoor carbon monoxides was sensed and recorded in selected local governments. The Outdoor carbon monoxide records of the sampled local governments areas of Kano Metropolis shows that Tarauni and Kumbotso recorded exactly 012 ppm as the highest records and Tarauni local government area maintain the highest indoor carbon monoxide emission also. Dala and Fagge local governments’ areas depicted 011 ppm as the second highest records with regards to outdoor carbon monoxides emission but Dala, Gwale and Fagge local governments portrayed proportionately equal amount of indoor carbon monoxides emission of 008Ppm. In addition, the results of water analysis reveals that suspended solid contents and the salinity level of Shema Pond being more contaminated with (248 mg/l and 25 mg/l) against Hauran Wanka Pond with (61 mg/l and 20 mg/l). Colour and t. hardness of Hauran Wanka Pond indicates 501 ml/g and 0.16 mg/l) which is higher than Shema Pond with (290 mg/l and 0 mg/l). It is strongly recommended to preserve and conserve both water and air resources in the metropolis for suitability.