bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Pennsylvanian carbonate platform facies and coral reef: new insights from southern China (Guizhou Province)
Authors: Maillet Marine , Huang Wen-Tao , Li Xiao , Yang Zhen-Yuan , Guan Chang-Qing , Zhang Yong-Li , Gong En-Pu , Ueno Katsumi , Samankassou Elias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Pennsylvanian is characterized by intense paleoenvironmental changes related to glacio-eustatic sea-level fluctuations and major tectonic events, which affected the evolution of biocommunities. Most known Pennsylvanian tropical reefs and mounds are predominantly composed of calcareous algae (e.g. phylloid algae,Archaeolithophyllum), calcareous sponges, fenestrate bryozoans,Tubiphytes, and microbialites. However, in Houchang (southern China), the Late Pennsylvanian carbonate platform records a large coral reef lacking any analogs in age (Gzhelian), size (80–100 m thick) and composition (high biodiversity). The large coral reef developed at the border of the Luodian intraplatform basin. The intraplatform basin is characterized by the deposition of green algal grainstone, coated grain grainstone and bioclastic packstone, grainstone, floatstone and rudstone in shallow-waters. In the deep-water shelf, lithofacies are composed of burrowed bioclastic wackestone, microbioclastic peloidal packstone, grainstone, and fine-grained burrowed wackestone and packstone. In this context, the coral reef developed on a deep-shelf margin, in a moderate to low energy depositional environment, below the FWWB. The scarcity of Pennsylvanian coral reefs suggests global unfavorable conditions, which can be attributed to a complex pattern of several environmental factors, including seawater chemistry (aragonite seas), paleoclimatic cooling related to continental glaciation, and the biological competition with the more opportunistic and adaptive phylloid algal community that occupied similar platform margin paleoenvironments. The existence of the large Bianping coral reef in southern China, as well as a few additional examples of Pennsylvanian coralliferous bioconstructions, provides evidence that coral communities were able to endure the Late Paleozoic fluctuating paleoenvironmental conditions in specific settings. One of such settings appears to have been the deep shelf margin, where low light levels decreased competition with the phylloid algal community.
Nivolumab versus chemotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a subgroup analysis of a multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 trial (ATTRACTION-3)
Authors: Takahashi Masanobu , Kato Ken , Okada Morihito , Chin Keisho , Kadowaki Shigenori , Hamamoto Yasuo , Doki Yuichiro , Kubota Yutaro , Kawakami Hisato , Ogata Takashi , Hara Hiroki , Muto Manabu , Nakashima Yuichiro , Ishihara Ryu , Tsuda Masahiro , Motoyama Satoru , Kodani Mamoru , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The efficacy and safety of nivolumab versus chemotherapy was evaluated in the Japanese subpopulation from the overall intent-to-treat (ITT) population of the ATTRACTION-3 trial conducted in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as second-line treatment.

Methods
Data from Japanese patients enrolled in the multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase 3 ATTRACTION-3 trial were analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DOR), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety. Exploratory subgroup analyses evaluated the association between OS and stratification factors/baseline variables.

Results
Overall, 274 (nivolumab, 136; chemotherapy, 138) of the 419 patients in ATTRACTION-3 were enrolled from Japan: response-evaluable population (107; 108) and safety population (135; 138). OS tended to be longer in the nivolumab group versus the chemotherapy group (median: 13.4 months vs. 9.4 months; HR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.59–1.01). Median DOR was longer in the nivolumab group (7.6 months) versus the chemotherapy group (3.6 months). ORRs were similar between the nivolumab [22.4% of patients (24/107)] and chemotherapy groups [22.2% (24/108); odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI 0.52–1.87]. DCR was lower in the nivolumab group [41.1% (44/107)] versus the chemotherapy group [66.7% (72/108)]. OS in the exploratory analysis consistently favored the nivolumab group versus the chemotherapy group. Overall, nivolumab demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety versus chemotherapy in the Japanese subpopulation, and the trend was similar to that observed in the overall ATTRACTION-3 ITT population.

Conclusion
Nivolumab represents a new standard second-line treatment option for Japanese patients with advanced ESCC.
Comparison of two model calibration approaches and their influence on future projections under climate change in the Upper Indus Basin
Authors: Ismail Muhammad Fraz , Naz Bibi S. , Wortmann Michel , Disse Markus , Bowling Laura C. , Bogacki Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study performs a comparison of two model calibration/validation approaches and their influence on future hydrological projections under climate change by employing two climate scenarios (RCP2.6 and 8.5) projected by four global climate models. Two hydrological models (HMs), snowmelt runoff model + glaciers and variable infiltration capacity model coupled with a glacier model, were used to simulate streamflow in the highly snow and glacier melt–driven Upper Indus Basin. In the first (conventional) calibration approach, the models were calibrated only at the basin outlet, while in the second (enhanced) approach intermediate gauges, different climate conditions and glacier mass balance were considered. Using the conventional and enhanced calibration approaches, the monthly Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) for both HMs ranged from 0.71 to 0.93 and 0.79 to 0.90 in the calibration, while 0.57–0.92 and 0.54–0.83 in the validation periods, respectively. For the future impact assessment, comparison of differences based on the two calibration/validation methods at the annual scale (i.e. 2011–2099) shows small to moderate differences of up to 10%, whereas differences at the monthly scale reached up to 19% in the cold months (i.e. October–March) for the far future period. Comparison of sources of uncertainty using analysis of variance showed that the contribution of HM parameter uncertainty to the overall uncertainty is becoming very small by the end of the century using the enhanced approach. This indicates that enhanced approach could potentially help to reduce uncertainties in the hydrological projections when compared to the conventional calibration approach.
Mining explainable local and global subgraph patterns with surprising densities
Authors: Deng Junning , Kang Bo , Lijffijt Jefrey , De Bie Tijl 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe connectivity structure of graphs is typically related to the attributes of the vertices. In social networks for example, the probability of a friendship between any pair of people depends on a range of attributes, such as their age, residence location, workplace, and hobbies. The high-level structure of a graph can thus possibly be described well by means of patterns of the form ‘the subgroup of all individuals with certain properties X are often (or rarely) friends with individuals in another subgroup defined by properties Y’, ideally relative to their expected connectivity. Such rules present potentially actionable and generalizable insight into the graph. Prior work has already considered the search for dense subgraphs (‘communities’) with homogeneous attributes. The first contribution in this paper is to generalize this type of pattern to densities between apair of subgroups, as well as betweenall pairs from a set of subgroups that partition the vertices. Second, we develop a novel information-theoretic approach for quantifying the subjective interestingness of such patterns, by contrasting them with prior information an analyst may have about the graph’s connectivity. We demonstrate empirically that in the special case of dense subgraphs, this approach yields results that are superior to the state-of-the-art. Finally, we propose algorithms for efficiently finding interesting patterns of these different types.
Exposure and health risk assessment of nitrate contamination in groundwater in Coimbatore and Tirupur districts in Tamil Nadu, South India
Authors: Pazhuparambil Jayarajan Sajil Kumar , Kuriachan Lemoon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic factors are contaminating crystalline aquifers more rapidly than natural sources and affecting human health in many states in India. Since a large population depends on untreated groundwater, identifying the sources of this contamination and assessing the related human health risk are essential to ensure a good-quality water supply. Nitrate is one of the most widespread means of groundwater contamination in many parts of India. Coimbatore and Tirupur districts are the most rapidly growing industrial urban areas in southern India. This paper deals with nitrate contamination and possible health risks for children and adults in the Coimbatore and Tirupur districts based on 93 groundwater samples. To achieve this goal, classical hydrochemical and deterministic hazard identification methods coupled with spatial mapping technologies were applied. A wide variation in nitrate concentration, between 1 and 415 mg/L, was observed, with 37% of the samples exceeding the WHO permissible limit of 50 mg/L. The distinct concentrations of nitrate and other ions observed spatially can be attributed to the diverse geochemical and land use settings in the study area. The bivariate plots of NO3 with other ions suggested that the principal origin of nitrate in this study is related to the excess application of fertilizers and sewages. The spatial variation of NO3, in comparison with the land use map, confirmed these results. The values of hazard quotient (HQ) via ingestion exceeded the critical value, one in 40% in males, 42% in females, and 45% in children. However, HQ values via oral pathways are within one and pose no exposure risk. Thus, the hazard index corresponds to HQingestion only. The health risk was in the increasing order of male>female>children, and shows that body weight is the most critical factor that is influencing the health impact to children as compared to adults. The spatial variation of hazard index values showed that groundwater quality is highly polluted with NO3 in the north and northeastern parts of the study area, mainly due to intensive agricultural practices, and poses critical health concerns. Considering the increasing population and higher dependencies on groundwater, immediate and sufficient measures are proposed.
What It Takes to Be a Pioneer: Ability Expectations From Brain-Computer Interface Users
Authors: Kögel Johannes , Wolbring Gregor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are envisioned to enable new abilities of action. This potential can be fruitful in particular when it comes to restoring lost motion or communication abilities or to implementing new possibilities of action. However, BCIs do not come without presuppositions. Applying the concept of ability expectations to BCIs, a wide range of requirements on the side of the users becomes apparent. We examined these ability expectations by taking the example of therapeutic BCI users who got enrolled into BCI research studies due to particular physical conditions. Some of the expectations identified are quite explicit, like particular physical conditions and BCI “literacy”. Other expectations are more implicit, such as motivation, a high level of concentration, pain tolerance, emotion control and resources. These expectations may produce a conception of the human and a self-understanding among BCI users that objectify the body in favour of a brain-centred, cerebral notion of the subject which also plays its part in upholding a normality regime.
Entwicklung des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Kuger Susanne , Gille Martina 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungPolitische Involviertheit und aktive Beteiligung im Ehrenamt werden beide als zentrale Säulen zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements betrachtet. Zu beiden Konstrukten liegen differenzielle Befunde für zentrale Personenmerkmale vor, die mehrheitlich auf der Analyse querschnittlicher Daten beruhen, sowie nur wenige Belege zur Stabilität über die Lebensspanne. Die Jugend und das junge Erwachsenenalter werden als kritische Phasen für die Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung beider Konstrukte angesehen, obwohl bislang nur für Teilabschnitte empirische Belege vorliegen und keine Studien zur Untersuchung des komplexen gegenseitigen Bedingungsgefüges. Sowohl die (differenzielle) Stabilität als auch die wechselseitige Abhängigkeit der beiden Konstruktbereiche im Entwicklungsverlauf von der frühen Jugend bis ins Erwachsenenalter hinein werden anhand der AID:A Daten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse von Strukturgleichungsmodellen belegen unterschiedliche, auch nicht-lineare Veränderungsprozesse für drei Teilbereiche, das Interesse an Politik, die Wichtigkeit des Lebensbereichs Politik und das ehrenamtliche Engagement. Das Geschlecht, das Alter und die Bildung der Personen sowie ausgewählte allgemeine Wertorientierungen stellen sich als relevante Kovariaten in den latenten Wachstumskurvenmodellen und dem autoregressiven Modell heraus.
Does media use before bedtime affect the sleep of psychosomatic rehabilitation patients?
Authors: Faber Jasmin , Steinbrecher-Hocke Indra , Bommersbach Peter , Schlarb Angelika A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Media use can affect sleep. However, research regarding various populations is sparse. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between media use directly before bedtime and various sleep parameters in patients of a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic.

Methods
Patients from a German psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic were tested regarding subjective sleep quality and insomnia symptoms based on questionnaires such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Eligible patients also completed an additional sleep log over a period of 1 week. A total of 347 insomnia patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 49.77 years (range 22–64 years; median = 52 years). 57.5% of the patients were 50 years or older.

Results
Analysis showed that media use and various sleep diary parameters such as total sleep time (r = −0.386, p = 0.042; rTST2 = 0.149) and sleep efficiency (r = −0.507, p = 0.006; rSE2 = 0.257) were significantly associated. In detail, more media consumption was associated with less total sleep time and a lower sleep efficiency. The same result was found for media use and sleep efficiency on weekdays (r = −0.544, p = 0.002; rSE2 = 0.296), but not for other sleep parameters. However, media use time and subjective sleep quality were not significantly correlated, r = −0.055, p = 0.768.

Conclusion
This study, which is the first to examine the relation between media use and sleep in patients of a psychosomatic rehabilitation clinic, suggests a significant association between media use and sleep duration as well as sleep efficiency. However, more research is needed to investigate the relationship between media use and sleep in more detail, to increase patients’ quality of life and to incorporate these findings into the daily life of clinicians and therapists as well as into sleep hygiene education and sleep trainings.
Personality Disorders in Time of Pandemic
Authors: Preti Emanuele , Di Pierro Rossella , Fanti Erika , Madeddu Fabio , Calati Raffaella 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We report evidence on the negative psychological effects of pandemics in people with personality disorders (PDs) and on the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we trace some clinical hypotheses.

Recent Findings
Paranoid traits and detachment (cluster A) might lead to worse psychological outcomes. Cluster B patients may show more intense stress-related reactions and react strongly to social distancing, especially considering borderline personality disorder. Cluster C patients might be particularly prone to anxiety and stress due to fear of contagion and may be less flexible in adaptation to new routines. Evidence on compliance with mitigation measures is mixed, with lower compliance in cluster B patients and higher in cluster C ones.

Summary
We suggest that PD patients might be particularly affected by pandemics. Furthermore, they might react differently, according to their main diagnosis. Similarly, compliance with mitigation measures may differ according to specific PDs. Our results should be considered as a starting point to reflect on therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the post-COVID-19 situation.
Primary evaluation of an air-cooling device to reduce oral mucositis: a pilot study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Blacker C. , Kamsvåg T. , Bejhed R. S. , Ljungman G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOral mucositis is a common side effect of chemo and radiotherapy causing painful ulcers in the oral mucosa. One of the preventive treatments recommended in international guidelines is oral cryotherapy (OC). Randomized clinical trials on OC have used ice and ice-chips to cool the mouth, but this cooling method can be difficult for the patients to tolerate. Studies have shown that OC with ice for a period of 60 min reduces the oral temperature by 12.9 °C. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the temperature reduction and tolerability of OC using an intra-oral air-cooling (IOAC) device in healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy volunteers, mean age 35.4 years, were included in the study. They were treated with OC using the IOAC device for 60 min. Measurements of temperature were obtained at baseline, 5 and 60 min using a FLIR® C2 camera. After the OC session, tolerability and adverse events were documented using a questionnaire. All participants were able to use the device for 60 min. The overall temperature reduction after 5 min of OC was 10.7°C (p < 0.01) and after 60 min 14.5°C (p < 0.01). The most common adverse events were bad fit of the mouthpiece (n = 6), hypersalivation (n = 6), and difficulties swallowing (n = 5). The oral device reduced the temperature of the oral mucosa as much as treatment with ice with tolerable adverse events. The mouthpiece will be remodeled to improve tolerability before further studies are conducted.
Protecting Thermally Hydrolyzed Biosolids from Pathogenic Bacterial Growth by Addition of Compost
Authors: Svennevik Oda K. , Jonassen Kjell R. , Svensson Kine , Hagen Live H. , Westereng Bjørge , Solheim Odd Egil , Nilsen Pål J. , Horn Svein J. , Bakken Lars 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSludge biosolids for agricultural application represent a valuable fertilizer but also a health risk unless pathogens are effectively reduced, and recontamination controlled. The Post Anaerobic Digestion Thermal Hydrolysis Process (Post-AD THP) is gaining interest due to improved dewaterability, reducing the volume and thus transportation costs of biosolids. However, Post-AD THP results in sterile biosolids easily exposed to recontamination by pathogens due to the lack of microbial competitors. In theory, this could be suppressed by establishing a competing community of harmless bacteria. The theory was tested by monitoring the abundance ofEscherichia coli(viable counts) and gene abundance (ddPCR) in wastewater recontaminated Post-AD THP biosolids, with and without addition of compost. Respiration, total bacterial population and bacterial diversity (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing) were used to monitor the microbial community. Biosolids from the regulatory approved methods thermophilic AD (TAD) and Pre-AD THP were tested in parallel for comparison. The results demonstrated that regulatory requirements can be reached by storing the TAD and Pre-AD THP biosolids for 3 days after recontamination and the Post-AD THP biosolids for more than 13 days. However, addition of compost suppressed growth ofE. coliin Post-AD THP biosolids, reducing the time to comply with regulative requirements. In conclusion, pathogen growth in Post-AD THP biosolids can be controlled by inoculation with compost.Graphical abstract
An exploration of teacher and student perceptions of blended learning in four secondary mathematics classrooms
Authors: Attard Catherine , Holmes Kathryn 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic forced many teachers around the world to make a sudden switch from face-to-face to online teaching. This shift in practice has provided an opportunity to reconsider how technology use in mathematics education can be utilised to improve student engagement. In this study, we explore four case studies of Australian secondary mathematics classrooms conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic to examine how teachers are using blended learning approaches and how their students perceive these pedagogical practices. Findings across all four sites indicate that technology use expands student opportunities to engage with mathematics learning through the provision of multiple pathways and methods of access. Specifically, we find evidence supporting the use of blended classroom teaching strategies to provide differentiation and personalised learning approaches; visualisation and dynamic manipulation of mathematics concepts; and alternative methods for teacher-student feedback and communication. We argue that the student learning experience in mathematics can be enhanced through a variety of blended learning approaches by allowing for diverse points of access to learning opportunities which are more closely aligned to individual learning needs and free from the temporal constraints of the classroom.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Towards secure deep learning architecture for smart farming-based applications
Authors: Udendhran R. , Balamurugan M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe immense growth of the cloud infrastructure leads to the deployment of several machine learning as a service (MLaaS) in which the training and the development of machine learning models are ultimately performed in the cloud providers’ environment. However, this could also cause potential security threats and privacy risk as the deep learning algorithms need to access generated data collection, which lacks security in nature. This paper predominately focuses on developing a secure deep learning system design with the threat analysis involved within the smart farming technologies as they are acquiring more attention towards the global food supply needs with their intensifying demands. Smart farming is known to be a combination of data-driven technology and agricultural applications that helps in yielding quality food products with the enhancing crop yield. Nowadays, many use cases had been developed by executing smart farming paradigm and promote high impacts on the agricultural lands.