bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of serum biomarkers FGF21 and GDF15 compared to muscle sample in mitochondrial disease
Authors: Lehtonen Jenni M. , Auranen Mari , Darin Niklas , Sofou Kalliopi , Bindoff Laurence , Hikmat Omar , Uusimaa Johanna , Vieira Päivi , Tulinius Már , Lönnqvist Tuula , de Coo Irenaeus F. , Suomalainen Anu , Isohanni Pirjo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the value of serum biomarkers, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), with histological analysis of muscle in the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease. We collected 194 serum samples from patients with a suspected or known mitochondrial disease. Biomarkers were analyzed blinded using enzyme‐labeled immunosorbent assay. Clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Only 39% of patients with genetically verified mitochondrial disease had mitochondrial pathology in their muscle histology. In contrast, biomarkers were elevated in 62% of patients with genetically verified mitochondrial disease. Those with both biomarkers elevated had a muscle manifesting disorder and a defect affecting mitochondrial DNA expression. If at least one of the biomarkers was induced and the patient had a myopathic disease, a mitochondrial DNA expression disease was the cause with 94% probability. Among patients with biomarker analysis and muscle biopsy taken <12 months apart, a mitochondrial disorder would have been identified in 70% with analysis of FGF21 and GDF15 compared to 50% of patients whom could have been identified with muscle biopsy alone. Muscle findings were nondiagnostic in 72% (children) and 45% (adults). Induction of FGF21 and GDF15 suggest a mitochondrial etiology as an underlying cause of a muscle manifesting disease. Normal biomarker values do not, however, rule out a mitochondrial disorder, especially if the disease does not manifest in muscle. We suggest that FGF21 and GDF15 together should be first‐line diagnostic investigations in mitochondrial disease complementing muscle biopsy.
Enolase-specific cross antibodies induce neutrophilic inflammation in the intestine
Authors: Lin Jianli , Feng Bai-Sui , Huang Nana , Ma Na , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Shu Qing , Zhong Nanshan , Liu Zhi-Gang , Yang Ping-Chang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is to be further investigated. House dust mites (HDM) are highly associated with the pathogenesis of immune inflammation in the body. This study aims to investigate the role of enolase (one of the HDM-derived proteins)-specific cross Abs in the induction of UC-like inflammation. The enolase specific IgG (EsIgG) was identified in UC patients by mass spectrometry. Mice were treated with EsIgG to induce inflammation in the colon mucosa. EsIgG was detected in the serum and the colon tissues of UC patients, which was positively correlated with the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in the blood and colon tissues of UC patients. EsIgG formed immune complexes with the constitutive enolase in the UC colon epithelium that activated complement, induced epithelial cell apoptosis, compromised epithelial barrier functions, and resulted in UC-like inflammation in the mouse colon. In summary, UC patients have high serum levels of Abs against HDM-derived enolase and intestinal epithelial cell-derived enolase. These Abs attack the colonic epithelium to induce UC-like inflammation.
Bacterial infections and patterns of antibiotic use in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Goncalves Mendes Neto Alvaro , Lo Kevin Bryan , Wattoo Ammaar , Salacup Grace , Pelayo Jerald , DeJoy Robert , Bhargav Ruchika , Gul Fahad , Peterson Eric , Albano Jeri , Patarroyo‐Aponte Gabriel , Rangaswami Janani , Azmaiparashvili Zurab 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBacterial coinfection is associated with poor outcomes in patients with viral pneumonia, but data on its role in the mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is limited. This is a single‐center retrospective analysis of 242 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 admitted to both intensive care and non‐intensive care settings. Bacterial coinfection was determined by the presence of characteristic clinical features and positive culture results. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association of concomitant bacterial infection with inpatient death after adjusting for demographic factors and comorbidities. Antibiotic use pattern was also determined. Bacterial coinfection was detected in 46 (19%) patients. Genitourinary source was the most frequent, representing 57% of all coinfections. The overall mortality rate was 21%. Concomitant bacterial infections were independently associated with increased inpatient mortality (OR, 5.838; 95% CI, 2.647‐12.876). Patients with bacterial coinfection were relatively older (71.35 ± 11.20 vs 64.78 ± 15.23; P = .006). A total of 67% of patients received antibiotic therapy, yet 72% did not have an obvious source of bacterial infection. There was a significantly higher rate of inpatient mortality in patients who received antibiotics compared to those who did not (30% vs 5%; P < .0001). Bacterial coinfection in COVID‐19 is associated with increased mortality.
Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of nonsevere COVID‐19 patients: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials
Authors: Elsawah Hozaifa Khalil , Elsokary Mohamed Ahmed , Elrazzaz Mahmoud Gamal , Elshafie Ahmed Hanei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBeing a pandemic and having a high global case fatality rate directed us to assess the evidence strength of hydroxychloroquine efficacy in treating coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) arising from clinical trials and to update the practice with the most reliable clinical evidence.A comprehensive search was started in June up to 18 July, 2020 in many databases, including PubMed, Embase, and others. Of 432 studies found, only six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, which includes: clinical trials, age more than 12 years with nonsevere COVID‐19, polymerase chain reaction‐confirmed COVID‐19, hydroxychloroquine is the intervention beyond the usual care. Data extraction and bias risk assessment were done by two independent authors. Both fixed‐effect and random‐effect models were utilized for pooling data using risk difference as a summary measure. The primary outcomes are clinical and radiological COVID‐19 progression, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 clearance in the pharyngeal swab, and mortality. The secondary outcomes are the adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine.Among 609 COVID‐19 confirmed patients obtained from pooling six studies, 294 patients received hydroxychloroquine and 315 patients served as a control. Hydroxychloroquine significantly prevents early radiological progression relative to control with risk difference and 95% confidence interval of −0.2 (−0.36 to −0.03). On the other hand, hydroxychloroquine did not prevent clinical COVID‐19 progression, reduce 5‐day mortality, or enhance viral clearance on days 5, 6, and 7. Moreover, many adverse effects were reported with hydroxychloroquine therapy. Failure of hydroxychloroquine to show viral clearance or clinical benefits with additional adverse effects outweigh its protective effect from radiological progression in nonsevere COVID‐19 patients. Benefit‐risk balance should determine the hydroxychloroquine use in COVID‐19.
Cognitive foundations of impartial punitive decision making in organizations: Attribution and abstraction
Authors: van Houwelingen Gijs , van Dijke Marius , van Hiel Alain , De Cremer David 
Published: August 2020

SummaryPartial decision making about disciplinary responses to misbehavior is generally considered unfair and undermines the effectiveness of punishment. Nonetheless, organizational actors often struggle to remain impartial in situations that call for punishment. Impartiality appears specifically hard to obtain when some element of the transgression reflects badly upon the punisher themselves, for instance, when in the past the punisher has benefited from the misbehavior, even if just derivatively. In this paper, we argue that in such cases, punishers tend to defensively attribute causes of the transgression to the circumstances in order to protect their own self‐image, thus leading them to relatively lenient punishments. However, we also suggest that psychological impartiality can be obtained through cognitive abstraction. An abstract understanding (high‐level construal) of the punitive situation puts the focus squarely on the gist of the situation and makes circumstantial details less likely to be cognitively available. This hinders defensive circumstantial attribution. We show in a field study and an experiment that partiality in making decisions about punishments occurs under conditions of low‐level (i.e., concrete) construal, whereas impartiality is facilitated by high‐level (i.e., abstract) construal.
Using seasonal rainfall clusters to explain the interannual variability of the rain belt over the Greater Horn of Africa
Authors: Seregina Larisa S. , Fink Andreas H. , van der Linden Roderick , Funk Chris , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe seasonal cycle of rainfall over the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) is dominated by the latitudinal migration and activity of the tropical rain belt (TRB). The TRB exhibits high interannual variability in the GHA and the reasons for the recent dry period in the Long Rains (March–May) are poorly understood. In addition, few studies have addressed the rainfall fluctuations during the Msimu Rains (Dec.–Mar.) in the southern GHA region. Interannual variations of the seasonal cycle of the TRB between 1981 and 2018 were analysed using two statistical indices. The Rainfall Cluster Index (RCI) describes the seasonal cycle as a succession of six characteristic rainfall patterns, while the Seasonal Location Index (SLI) captures the latitudinal location of the TRB. The SLI and RCI depict the full seasonal cycle of the TRB supporting interpretations of the interannual variations and trends. The Msimu Rains are dominated by two clusters with opposite rainfall characteristics between the Congo Basin and Tanzania. The associated anomalies in moisture flux and divergence indicate variations in the location of the TRB originating from an interplay between low‐level air flows from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and tropical and subtropical teleconnections. The peak period of the Long Rains shows a complex composition of five clusters, which is tightly connected to intraseasonal and interannual variability of latitudinal locations of the TRB. A persistent location of the TRB near the equator, evidenced in a frequent occurrence of a cluster related to an anomalously weak Walker circulation, is associated with wet conditions over East Africa. Dry Long Rains are associated with strong and frequent latitudinal variations of the TRB position with a late onset and intermittent rainfall. These results offer new opportunities to understand recent variability and trends in the GHA region.
Mechanisms for regional compound hot extremes in the mid‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Li Yi , Ding Yihui , Liu Yanxiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHot temperature extremes, particularly during summer, impose severe adverse effects on human health and natural systems. Although considerable attention has been paid to individual hot days and nights, little is known about mechanisms leading to compound hot extremes that combine daytime and nighttime heat. This important type of hot extreme has occurred frequently in the populated mid‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the past three to four decades. Through composite analysis, dynamic–thermodynamic processes leading to the occurrence of compound hot extremes are investigated. Results show that an anomalous anticyclone, exhibiting a quasi‐barotropic structure and persisting through day and night, is a prerequisite for the occurrence of compound hot extremes in the mid‐lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The anomalous anticyclone reduces cloud cover and increases solar radiation, causing extreme daytime high temperature. Simultaneously, a descending branch within the column of the anomalous anticyclone enhances local adiabatic heating. This descending branch and resultant adiabatic heat are sustained and further strengthened by anomalous descending motions as part of vertical cells associated with positive precipitation anomalies to the north and south of the anticyclone. During compound hot extremes, intensified southerlies transport additional water vapour toward the study area, helping to establish a stable atmospheric stratification in the low troposphere. This low‐level stable moist layer plays a particularly important role to offset nighttime radiative cooling and, therefore, elevates nighttime low temperatures to form compound hot extremes. Consequently, compound hot extremes in the study area are hot‐humid in nature.
Human thermal climate of the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Ács Ferenc , Zsákai Annamária , Kristóf Erzsébet , Szabó Amanda Imola , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA human body–clothing–atmosphere environment system energy balance model is constructed to evaluate individual human thermal climates in the Carpathian Basin. The analysis is performed in terms of clothing resistance and operative temperature for the period 1971–2000. The model's main strength is that it simulates the metabolic activity rate M as simply as possible taking into account interpersonal variations. Non‐sweating, walking humans are considered in natural outdoor conditions at a walking speed of 4 km⋅h−1. Atmospheric data are used from the CarpatClim dataset; human data are taken from a Hungarian human dataset. The dataset reveals that the interpersonal variations of M of walking humans can reach 40–50 W⋅m−2. According to the results, the variability of individual human thermal climates can be significant. This variability increases towards cold climates and is less in the comfortable thermal zone, when the operative temperature is between 23 and 28°C. It should be mentioned that summer is thermally neutral in the Little Hungarian Plain, the Great Hungarian Plain and in larger parts of the Transylvanian Plateau, irrespective of the person considered. The warmest areas in the Carpathian Basin can be found in Bačka and Banat. In terms of thermal sensation, the results obtained agree well with the results referring to the human considered in the Physiological Equivalent Temperature index model.
An objective definition of seasons for the Mediterranean region
Authors: Kotsias George , Lolis Christos J. , Hatzianastassiou Nikolaos , Lionello Piero , Bartzokas Aristides 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn objective definition of seasons for the Mediterranean region is performed using the mean intra‐annual variations of 12 climatological parameters. The aim is to achieve a climatologically appropriate determination of the onset and cessation dates, as well as the duration, of each season, better than the conventional seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn). Moreover, possible changes of the defined seasons during the 70‐year study period 1949–2018 are investigated over the climatologically sensitive Mediterranean region. The data used are daily NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis grid point values of precipitation rate, convective precipitation rate, 2 m temperature, total cloud cover, 2 m zonal and meridional wind, 500 and 1,000 hPa geopotential height, 500 and 850 hPa temperature, 850 hPa specific humidity and precipitable water over the Mediterranean region, for the period 1949–2018. Firstly, Principal Component Analysis is applied to the mean intra‐annual variations of the above parameters in order to reduce the dimensionality and then k‐means Cluster Analysis is applied to the resultant Principal Components in order to group dates with similar regimes of the above parameters. This methodology is applied for the 70‐year period 1949–2018 as well as for the five overlapping 30‐year subperiods 1949–1978, 1959–1988, 1969–1998, 1979–2008, and 1989–2018. According to the results, four seasons are defined for all periods. Although these seasons correspond to the four conventional seasons, there are differences regarding the onset and cessation dates and the duration. In general, it is found that winter lasts about 4 months, spring and summer are a little shorter than 3 months and autumn lasts about 2.5 months. The most remarkable long‐term changes are: (a) the warming during the last 30‐year period, which agrees with the ongoing climate change, (b) the shortening of winter and spring due to the delay of their onset date, and (c) the extension of autumn due to the delay of its cessation date.
Integrative mRNA/miRNA expression analysis in healing human gingiva
Authors: Wang Yun , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the epigenetic regulation of complex biological processes. Their possible role in human oral wound healing, a process that differs from cutaneous wound healing by being faster and typically scar‐free, has been unexplored. This report presents the miRNA expression profile of experimental human oral wounds and an integrative analysis of mRNA/miRNA expression.MethodsNine healthy volunteers provided standardized normal and 5‐day healing palatal biopsies, used for next generation miRNA and mRNA sequencing analysis, correlation and network analysis, real‐time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry.ResultsOn average, 169 significantly regulated precursor miRNAs were detected, including 21 novel miRNAs, selectively confirmed by PCR. Hsa‐miR‐223‐3p and hsa‐miR‐124‐3p were, respectively, the most up‐ and downregulated miRNAs in healing gingiva. Hsa‐miR‐124‐3p had the most predicted mRNA target interactions, with angiogenesis‐related genes the most enriched. Correlation analysis showed the highest correlation between hsa‐miR‐181a‐3p and SERPINB1; hsa‐miR‐223‐5p and SLC2A3; hsa‐miR‐1301 and MS4A7. In addition, SERPINB1 mRNA had the most associations with differentially regulated miRNAs. IL33 was the only cytokine significantly correlated with miRNAs (ρ > 0.95). qPCR and immunohistochemistry verified the significant upregulation of SERPINB1 and IL33 in healing gingiva.ConclusionsThis study is the first to report on the miRNome of healing human gingiva and to provide an integrative analysis of miRNA/mRNA expression during human oral wound healing; the results offer novel insights into the participating molecular mechanisms and raise the possibility of SERPINB1 and IL‐33 as potential wound healing therapeutic targets.
Monitoring the spin crossover phenomenon of [Fe(2‐mpz)2Ni(CN)4] 2D Hofmann‐type polymer nanoparticles via temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Lada Zoi G. , Andrikopoulos Konstantinos S. , Polyzou Christina D. , Tangoulis Vassilis , Voyiatzis George A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of spin crossover (SCO) properties into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has led to an appealing subclass of multifunctional MOFs. Because temperature is the most common way to manipulate the SCO phenomenon, the spin state of relevant complexes is conveniently monitored by variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility (χMT) measurements. Other physical and spectroscopic techniques may also monitor the SCO behavior. In this context, the present work focuses on the use of variable‐temperature micro‐Raman spectroscopy. More specifically, the SCO behavior of the two‐dimensional Hofmann‐type MOF [FeII(2‐mpz)2Ni(CN)4], (2‐mpz = 2‐methylpyrazine), in the form of both bulk microcrystalline powder and nanoparticles is in depth analyzed via temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were used in order to benchmark the vibrational spectroscopic ones. A brief introduction on the basic synthetic features of the samples and the morphological characteristics of representative samples are described, while the detailed syntheses of the MOF compounds in the microscale and the nanoscale were recently comprehensively addressed. It is unambiguously revealed for the samples in the different particle sizes that the SCO characteristics, such as Tc values, hysteretic behavior, and high spin (HS) population curves as a function of temperature, derived from Raman measurements are in close comparison with those of the magnetic susceptibility. In addition, spectroscopic analysis in the high‐ and low‐wavenumber regions suggests the 2D network structure of the specific compound and reveals the alterations at molecular level associated with the HS and low spin (LS) states. The significance of Raman spectroscopy for the study of SCO materials is demonstrated, because the technique offers combined structural characterization and detailed study of the transition.
IPDmada: An R Shiny tool for analyzing and visualizing individual patient data meta‐analyses of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Keusters Willem R. , Wen Lingzi , Leeflang Mariska M. G. 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundIndividual patient data meta‐analyses (IPD‐MA) are regarded as the gold standard for systematic reviews, which also applies to systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies. An increasing number of DTA systematic reviews with IPD‐MA have been published in recent years, but there is much variation in how these IPD‐MA were performed. A number of existing methods were found, but there is no consensus as to which methods are preferred as the standard methods for statistical analysis in DTA IPD‐MA.ObjectivesTo create a web‐based tool which integrates recommended statistical analyses for DTA IPD‐MA, and allows researchers to analyse the data and visualize the results with interactive plots.MethodsA systematic methodological review was performed to identify statistical analyses and data visualization methods used in DTA IPD‐MA. Methods were evaluated by the authors and recommended analyses were integrated into the IPDmada tool which is freely available online with the user interface developed with R Shiny package.ResultsIPDmada allows users to upload their own data, perform the meta‐analysis with both continuous and dichotomized tests, and incorporate individual level covariate‐adjusted analysis. All tables and figures can be exported as .csv or .pdf files. A hypothetical dataset was used to illustrate the application of IPDmada.ConclusionsIPDmada will be very helpful to researchers doing DTA IPD‐MA, since it not only facilitates the statistical analysis but also provides a standard framework. The introduction of IPDmada will harmonize the methods used in DTA IPD‐MA and ensure the quality of such analyses.Highlights
IPDmada is a newly developed web‐based tool for performing statistical analysis of individual patient data meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy and visualizing the results.
The tool is freely available to all the researchers, and requiring no installation of statistical software/packages.
The tool has an user‐friendly interface, and allows meta‐analysis on both dichotomized and continuous test results. Researchers can easily use this tool to investigate the threshold effect and covariate effect on the summary accuracy.
The introduction and implementation of IPDmada will serve as a useful tool for DTA IPD‐MA and increase the quality of such studies.