bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I-FiBH trial: intravenous fluids in benign headaches—a randomised, single-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Zitek Tony , Sigal Tiffany , Sun Gina , Martin Manuel Chris , Tran Khanhha 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMany emergency physicians use an intravenous fluid bolus as part of a ‘cocktail’ of therapies for patients with headache, but it is unclear if this is beneficial. The objective of this study was to determine if an intravenous fluid bolus helps reduce pain or improve other outcomes in patients who present to the ED with a benign headache.MethodsThis was a randomised, single-blinded, clinical trial performed on patients aged 10–65 years old with benign headaches who presented to a single ED in Las Vegas, Nevada, from May 2017 to February 2019. All patients received prochlorperazine and diphenhydramine, and they were randomised to also receive either 20 mL/kg up to 1000 mL of normal saline (the fluid bolus group) or 5 mL of normal saline (the control group). The primary outcome was the difference between groups in mean pain reduction 60 min after the initiation of treatment. Secondarily, we compared groups with regards to pain reduction at 30 min, nausea scores, the use of rescue medications and disposition.ResultsWe screened 67 patients for enrolment, and 58 consented. Of those, 35 were randomised to the fluid bolus group and 23 to the control group. The mean pain score dropped by 48.3 mm over 60 min in the fluid bolus group, compared with 48.7 mm in the control group. The between groups difference of 0.4 mm (95% CI −16.5 to 17.3) was not statistically significant (p=0.96). Additionally, no statistically significant difference was found between groups for any secondary outcome.ConclusionThough our study lacked statistical power to detect small but clinically significant differences, ED patients who received an intravenous fluid bolus for their headache had similar improvements in pain and other outcomes compared with those who did not.Trial registration numberNCT03185130.
Children emotional and behavioural problems and its association with maternal depression in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alenko Arefayne , Girma Shimelis , Abera Mubarek , Workicho Abdulhalik 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan countries, one in five children and one in three women experiences emotional and behavioural problems (EBPs) and depression, respectively. While various factors were reported to affect the mental health of children, little is known about the impact of maternal depression on the offspring. Moreover, the magnitude of children’s EBPs is barely known in Ethiopia.AimTo determine the magnitude of child EBPs and its association with maternal depression in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia.MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 734 mother–child pairs in Jimma town from January to June, 2019. EBP was assessed by using the parent version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) with cut-off score of ≥14. Maternal depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 with a cut-off score of ≥10. Data were entered into Epidata V.3.1 and exported to SPSS V.24 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was fitted to identify the strength of association between exposure and outcome variables.ResultsOf the 734 participants, 146 (19.9%, 95% CI: 16.9% to 22.9%) met EBP criteria based on parent version of SDQ. Maternal depression had significant association with child EBP (adjusted OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.55 to 3.66). In addition, children aged 7–10 years, family size categories of ≤3 and 4–6, maternal intimate partner violence and maternal khat use had significant association with child EBP.Conclusions and recommendationsA significant number of children suffer from EBP in Jimma town. Maternal depression is found to be a predictor of children’s EBPs. Thus, there is a need to design and implement an integrated maternal and child mental health programme. The maternal and child health section at the national level should integrate and cascade routine maternal and child mental health screening and intervention modalities down to the family healthcare system.
A phase II single-arm study of pembrolizumab with enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing on enzalutamide alone
Authors: Graff Julie N , Beer Tomasz M , Alumkal Joshi J , Slottke Rachel E , Redmond William L , Thomas George V , Thompson Reid F , Wood Mary A , Koguchi Yoshinobu , Chen Yiyi , Latour Emile , Bergan Raymond C , Drake Charles G , Moran Amy E 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundCheckpoint inhibitors can induce profound anticancer responses, but programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibition monotherapy has shown minimal activity in prostate cancer. A published report showed that men with prostate cancer who were resistant to the second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide had increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on circulating antigen-presenting cells. We hypothesized that the addition of PD-1 inhibition in these patients could induce a meaningful cancer response.MethodsWe evaluated enzalutamide plus the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in a single-arm phase II study of 28 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mprogressing on enzalutamide alone. Pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenous was given every 3 weeks for four doses with enzalutamide. The primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of ≥50%. Secondary endpoints were objective response, PSA progression-free survival (PFS), time to subsequent treatment, and time to death. Baseline tumor biopsies were obtained when feasible, and samples were sequenced and evaluated for the expression of PD-L1, microsatellite instability (MSI), mutational and neoepitope burdens.ResultsFive (18%) of 28 patients had a PSA decline of ≥50%. Three (25%) of 12 patients with measurable disease at baseline achieved an objective response. Of the five responders, two continue with PSA and radiographic response after 39.3 and 37.8 months. For the entire cohort, median follow-up was 37 months, and median PSA PFS time was 3.8 months (95% CI: 2.8 to 9.9 months). Time to subsequent treatment was 7.21 months (95% CI: 5.1 to 11.1 months). Median overall survival for all patients was 21.9 months (95% CI: 14.7 to 28 .4 months), versus 41.7 months (95% CI: 22.16 to not reached (NR)) in the responders. Of the three responders with baseline biopsies, one had MSI high disease with mutations consistent with DNA-repair defects. None had detectable PD-L1 expression.ConclusionsPembrolizumab has activity in mCRPC when added to enzalutamide. Responses were deep and durable and did not require tumor PD-L1 expression or DNA-repair defects.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov (NCT02312557).
Systemic lupus erythematosus and neutropaenia: a hallmark of haematological manifestations
Authors: Meyer Aurore , Guffroy Aurélien , Blaison Gilles , Dieudonne Yannick , Amoura Zahir , Bonnotte Bernard , Fiehn Christoph , Kieffer Pierre , Lorenz Hannes Martin , Magy-Bertrand Nadine , Maurier François , Pennaforte Jean-Louis , Peter Hans-Hartmut , Schwarting Andreas , Sibilia Jean , Arnaud Laurent , Martin Thierry , Voll Reinhard Edmund , Korganow Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveSystemic lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by its phenotypic heterogeneity. Neutropaenia is a frequent event in SLE occurring in 20%–40% of patients depending on the threshold value of neutrophil count. On a daily basis, the management of neutropaenia in SLE is difficult with several possible causes. Moreover, the infectious consequences of neutropaenia in SLE remain not well defined.Methods998 patients from the Lupus BioBank of the upper Rhein (LBBR), a large German and French cohort of patients with SLE, mostly of Caucasian origin (83%), were included in this study. Neutropaenia was considered when neutrophil count was below 1800×106/L. An additional analysis of detailed medical records was done for 65 LBBR patients with neutropaenia.Results208 patients with neutropaenia (21%) were compared with 779 SLE patients without neutropaenia. Neutropaenia in SLE was significantly associated with thrombocytopaenia (OR 4.11 (2.57–10.3)), lymphopaenia (OR 4.41 (2.51–11.5)) and low C3 (OR 1.91 (1.03–4.37)) in multivariate analysis. 65 representative patients with neutropaenia were analysed. Neutropaenia was moderate to severe in 38%, chronic in 31%, and both severe and chronic in 23% of cases. Moderate to severe and chronic neutropaenia were both associated with lymphopaenia and thrombopaenia. Chronic neutropaenia was also associated anti-Ro/SSA antibodies and moderate to severe neutropaenia with oral ulcers.ConclusionThis study is to date the largest cohort to describe neutropaenia in SLE. Neutropaenia displays a strong association with other cytopaenias, suggesting a common mechanism. Chronic neutropaenia is associated with anti-Ro/SSA antibodies with or without identified Sjögren’s disease.
Nuisance bleeding complications in patients with cerebral aneurysm treated with Pipeline embolization device
Authors: Pressman Elliot , De la Garza Carlos A , Chin Felix , Fishbein Jacob , Waqas Muhammad , Siddiqui Adnan , Snyder Kenneth , Davies Jason M , Levy Elad , Kan Peter , Ren Zeguang , Mokin Maxim 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPatients with cerebral aneurysms treated with the Pipeline embolization device (PED) are maintained on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to prevent thromboembolic complications. Rates of minor, “nuisance” bleeding in these patients remain unknown. We sought to evaluate the frequency and factors associated with this bleeding and its effect on DAPT compliance.MethodsWe performed a multicenter retrospective cohort study on consecutive cases of intracranial aneurysms treated with PED. Patient characteristics, aneurysm characteristics, and bleeding complications were analyzed. Severity of bleeding was defined according to a previously published classification defining nuisance bleeding as easy bruising, bleeding from small cuts, petechia, and ecchymosis.Results245 PED aneurysm procedures on 243 patients were retrospectively collected from three academic centers over a 4.25-year period. Sixty-seven patients (27%) had nuisance bleeds. Patients with a higher risk of nuisance bleeding were older (59.1±3.4 vs . 54.7±2.2, P=0.032). Patients with nuisance bleeds were more likely to have their DAPT regimen changed or dose lowered (29% vs 8.3%, P<0.001), were on DAPT for less time (10.0 months±2.60 vs. 14.6 months±1.95, P=0.005) and were more likely to have aneurysm occlusion at 6 months (P<0.001). Stepwise logistic regression found age predictive of a nuisance bleed (OR=1.033)ConclusionsNuisance bleeding was a common complaint of PED-treated aneurysm patients maintained on DAPT. Increasing age and aneurysmal occlusion at 6 months were the only factors predictive of nuisance bleeds. Clinicians were more likely to adjust antiplatelet regimens or stop DAPT early given a nuisance bleed.
Spinal cord clear cell meningioma in a dog
Authors: Clarke Nicholas Robert James , Harris Georgina Louise , Greville‐Heygate Oliver , Constantino‐Casas Fernando , Freeman Paul 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYA five‐year‐old, male entire Jack Russell terrier presented for a two‐month history of ambulatory paraparesis lateralised to the left. Neurological examination localised to an L4–S3 myelopathy. MRI revealed an equivocal intramedullary lesion at the level of the L4–L5 disc space occupying 80 per cent of the spinal cord area. The mass was surgically resected. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be consistent with a meningioma in which a high proportion of neoplastic cells exhibited clear cytoplasm that stained positively with periodic acid‐Schiff and was diastase‐sensitive. This mass was assigned grade II/atypical (World Health Organization human system) based on the predominant clear cell morphology and a mitotic count of 10 mitotic figures in 10 high‐power fields. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a clear cell meningioma in a dog.
Management of early appendicular lump in children - laparoscopic technique versus open surgery: a comparative study in low-middle income country perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammad Zonaid , Farooq Md Abdullah Al , Rahman M A Mushfiqur , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIn the pediatric population, appendectomy is one of the most common emergency operations. Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is an accepted way of dealing with suspected uncomplicated appendicitis in children. The role of laparoscopy in appendicular lump is more controversial and remains undeﬁned and is not well practiced in low-middle income countries. The aim of this study was to determine a better surgical treatment plan for early appendicular lump in children.MethodsThis prospective observational study was performed in Pediatric Surgery Department of Chittagong Medical College and Hospital for a period of 1 year from April 2018 to March 2019. Sixty children with appendicular lump selected consecutively as per eligibility criteria underwent either LA or open appendectomy (OA), that is, 30 children per group. They were followed up until hospital discharge to observe outcomes.ResultsThere were no differences in terms of patient’s age, sex, clinical presentation and laboratory findings between the two groups. Postoperative pain severity was significantly less in the LA group than that in the OA group (p<0.01). The incidence of wound infection was significantly lower in the LA group than that in the OA group (6.7% in LA and 46.7% in OA; p<0.01). Children in the LA group had a shorter duration of hospital stay in comparison to the OA group [median (IQR) was 8 (5.75–11.25) days and 12 (7.75–18.00) days, respectively, in LA and OA groups; p=0.01].ConclusionThe study findings suggest that LA is feasible and should replace OA in cases of early appendicular lump in children.
Lightening gravity-mediated dark matter
Authors: Kang Yoo-Jin , Lee Hyun Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe revisit the scenario of a massive spin-2 particle as the mediator for communicating between dark matter of arbitrary spin and the Standard Model. Taking the general couplings of the spin-2 particle in the effective theory, we discuss the thermal production mechanisms for dark matter with various channels and the dark matter self-scattering. For WIMP and light dark matter cases, we impose the relic density condition and various experimental constraints from direct and indirect detections, precision measurements as well as collider experiments. We show that it is important to include the annihilation of dark matter into a pair of spin-2 particles in both allowed and forbidden regimes, thus opening up the consistent parameter space for dark matter. The benchmark models of the spin-2 mediator are presented in the context of the warped extra dimension and compared to the simplified models.
The Dream and the Reality
Authors: Evans Gareth 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this contribution the author takes stock of the extent to which R2P has both met and fallen short of the dreams of its founders since its endorsement by the 2005 World Summit. As an effective reactive counter-force to atrocity crimes already under way, R2P’s record has been disappointing. But as an institutional catalyst and preventive mechanism it has been generally successful, and as a normative force it has been, and remains, very influential.
Language evolution research in the year 2020
Authors: Nölle Jonas , Hartmann Stefan , Tinits Peeter 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This introductory paper reviews recent advances in language evolution research and summarizes the contributions of the special issue “New Directions in Language Evolution Research” in the broader context of these developments. Specifically, we discuss the increasing role of multimodality and iconicity, the more integrative view of language dynamics that has arguably broadened the scope of language evolution research, and recent methodological innovations that allow for a more fine-grained study of e.g. typological distributions or behavioral patterns that can give clues to some of the key questions discussed in the field.
Wood anatomy of the neotropical liana lineage Paullinia L. (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Chery Joyce G. , da Cunha Neto Israel L. , Pace Marcelo R. , Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro , Specht Chelsea D. , Rothfels Carl J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The liana genus Paullinia L. is one of the most speciose in the neotropics and is unusual in its diversity of stem macromorphologies and cambial conformations. These so-called “vascular cambial variants” are morphologically disparate, evolutionarily labile, and are implicated in injury repair and flexibility. In this study, we explore at the finer scale how wood anatomy translates into functions related to the climbing habit. We present the wood anatomy of Paullinia and discuss the functional implications of key anatomical features. Wood anatomy characters were surveyed for 21 Paullinia species through detailed anatomical study. Paullinia woods have dimorphic vessels, rays of two size classes, and both septate and non-septate fibers. Fibriform vessels, fusiform axial parenchyma, and elements morphologically intermediate between fibers and axial parenchyma were observed. Prismatic crystals are common in the axial and/or ray parenchyma, and laticifers are present in the cortex and/or the early-formed secondary phloem. Some features appear as unique to Paullinia or the Sapindaceae, such as the paucity of axial parenchyma and the abundance of starch storing fibers. Although many features are conserved across the genus, the Paullinia wood anatomy converges on several features of the liana-specific functional anatomy expressed across distantly related lianas, demonstrating an example of convergent evolution. Hence, the conservation of wood anatomy in Paullinia suggests a combination of phylogenetic constraint as a member of Sapindaceae and functional constraint from the liana habit.
Debiasing Overconfidence among Indonesian Undergraduate Students in the Biology Classroom: An Intervention Study of the KAAR Model
Authors: Rusmana Ai Nurlaelasari , Roshayanti Fenny , Ha Minsu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Metacognitive ability is enormously important for improving students’ learning performance. However, overconfidence bias may hinder students’ metacognition abilities. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an intervention to reduce or debias overconfidence among students using the KAAR (knowledge, awareness, action, and reflection) model. Ninety Indonesian undergraduate students were subjects of this study. Overconfidence scores were analyzed using paired sample t-tests in SPSS to compare the mean difference between pre- and post-tests. Next, their overconfidence patterns during the intervention were analyzed using R to perform group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Two main findings were noteworthy: Watching a video about overconfidence is likely the most significant activity of KAAR model in reducing students’ overconfidence, and, based on students’ overconfidence change during the intervention, trajectory analysis classified them into five groups. Recommendations for future intervention studies to reduce overconfidence among students are discussed.
In the Shadows of Swords. The Antecedents of the Archaeological Research in Malakand-Swat, 1895–1899
Authors: Khan Rafiullah 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with the formative years of archaeological research in Malakand-Swat, Khyber-Pukhtunkhwa. Recent archival material sheds light not only on the central role Major Harold A. Deane, the first Political Agent of the newly constituted Malakand Agency (1895), played in these pursuits but also brings to the fore an institutional context, such as museums and other learned societies. The Bengal Government’s delegations, led by Laurence A. Waddell and Alexander Caddy in 1895 and 1896, in order to procure Gandharan objects for the Imperial Museum of India, have been subjected to historical and critical analysis. Moreover, Aurel Stein’s antiquarian sojourns in the area also make a subject of investigation. This study also evaluates this preliminary antiquarian work from the point of view of archaeological legislation, as it was in place at the time, in British India, historical considerations presented by scholars in the field and the relationship of knowledge creation with power.
Inserting and Combining. Stucco and Brick Tiles from the Ghaznavid Royal Palace (11th–12th c.) in Ghazni
Authors: Laviola Valentina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Numerous isolated tiles in brick and stucco emerged from the excavation of the Ghaznavid royal palace in Ghazni (11th–12th century). The finding in situ of edgewise laid bricks’ panels with inserted stucco tiles allows inferring that they adorned the upper section of the antechambers opening onto the palace central courtyard. How brick tiles were combined with them is still to be explained.
This preliminary note offers a typological classification of tiles presenting the variety of sizes and morphologies as well as of the decorative patterns.
The combination of baked brick and stucco is largely attested since the late 10th century in the architectural decoration throughout the Iranian area. Nishapur and Lashkari Bazar represent inescapable sites for comparison.
Patient-Reported Outcomes After Platelet-Rich Plasma, Bone Marrow Aspirate, and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injections for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Estrada Esteban , Décima Jose L , Rodríguez Marcelo , Di Tomaso Marianela , Roberti Javier 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare platelet-rich plasma (PRP), bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee using functional scores. Methods: A total of 89 patients with painful knee OA were included in this study. Patients were assigned to one of the 3 treatments according to severity of OA as indicated by symptoms and radiography to PRP (stage I), BMAC (stage II), or adipose-derived MSC (stage III). Clinical assessment was performed using the Knee Society Score, which combines the Knee Score, based on the clinical parameters, and the Functional Score, and IKDC score. Surveys were completed at preoperative and at 90, 180, and 265 days postoperative. The follow-up responses were compared with baseline and between treatment groups. Results: Treatment with PRP, BMAC, and adipose-derived MSC included 29 (32.6%), 27 (30.3%), and 33 (37.1%) patients, respectively. For the total group, median age was 61 years (range: 22-84 years). Score values were comparable among treatment groups at baseline. Statistically significant improvement was observed in the 3 groups according to the 3 scores at all time points during follow-up compared with baseline. No difference was found among treatment type. Conclusions: Our findings support previous reports and encourage further research on the use of these cost-effective treatments for OA of the knee.