bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoiding ventilator-associated pneumonia: Curcumin-functionalized endotracheal tube and photodynamic action
Authors: Zangirolami Amanda C. , Dias Lucas D. , Blanco Kate C. , Vinagreiro Carolina S. , Inada Natalia M. , Arnaut Luis G. , Pereira Mariette M. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Hospital-acquired infections also caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are currently one of the most severe problems that our society faces, which constitute an excellent risk for humankind. The absence of alternatives to combat these types of infections leaves humanity highly vulnerable. Therefore, it becomes imperative to develop new technologies to fight bacterial infections, with alternative mechanisms of action relative to the classical antibiotics. Since ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs in patients under mechanical ventilation, an urgent need is needed to prevent, decrease, and combat infectious pathogens at the endotracheal tube (ETT). In this paper, we demonstrate a practical methodology to prepare a regular photosensitizer-containing ETT, with effective photodynamic activity for microbial inactivation. The process is efficient and safe for the patient.
Dark noise and retinal degeneration from D190N-rhodopsin
Authors: Silverman Daniel , Chai Zuying , Yue Wendy W. S. , Ramisetty Sravani Keerthi , Bekshe Lokappa Sowmya , Sakai Kazumi , Frederiksen Rikard , Bina Parinaz , Tsang Stephen H. , Yamashita Takahiro , Chen Jeannie , Yau King-Wai 
Published: September 2020

SignificanceRhodopsin mutations account for ∼30% of autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa cases. While dozens of distinct mutations have been identified, the reported detriments that they cause in cell culture are not necessarily all consistent across studies and have often not been evaluated in animal models. Even when an animal model is available, it is typically not straightforward to isolate mutant-rhodopsin signals from related endogenous-rhodopsin signals. Here, we introduce an approach employing a largely “functionally silenced” endogenous rhodopsin in rods as background for isolating activity due to D190N-rhodopsin (D190N-Rho). We conclude that, despite D190N-Rho’s elevated molecular rate constant of spontaneous activation, it does not increase the overall cellular dark noise of the rod, thus excluding its increased noise as the reason for disease.
Summertime stationary waves integrate tropical and extratropical impacts on tropical cyclone activity
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhang Gan , Dunkerton Timothy J. , Jin Fei-Fei 
Published: September 2020

Significance
Skillful seasonal prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) activity helps hurricane preparedness and mitigation, especially when the storm impacts are expected to worsen with increasing sea level and water vapor capacity in a warming climate. Slowly varying tropical oceanic conditions have been regarded as a primary source of predictability for TC activity, but recent studies suggest that TC activity is also subject to some long-range impacts of extratropical processes. We show that summertime stationary waves in the Northern Hemisphere, including tropical upper-tropospheric troughs, integrate tropical and extratropical impacts into a unified framework and provide a hemispheric perspective that helps in understanding the variability and predictability of TC activity over the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
Beyond the Tip of the Iceberg: A Narrative Review to Identify Research Gaps on Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders in Adolescents with Methamphetamine use Disorder or Chronic Methamphetamine Use
Authors: Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Roessner Veit , Basedow Lukas A. , Golub Yulia 
Published: September 2020

Background Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) frequently begins in adolescence, often accompanied by other psychiatric or mental disorders. Up to now, no comprehensive review about MUD and comorbid disorders in adolescents is available. We thus aimed to review the literature on comorbid mental disorders and MUD in adolescents in order to identify future research topics. Method A PubMed search was conducted in July 2019. Relevant comorbidities were defined as attention-deficit disorder with/without hyperactivity, anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, borderline personality disorder, conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder, as well as other substance use disorders. For each comorbidity, we summarized prevalence rates, findings on comorbidity mechanisms, and recommended treatment options, if applicable. Results Few articles focused on MUD in adolescents. Prevalence rates differed largely between comorbid disorders, with tobacco use disorder, conduct disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit disorders being the most prevalent comorbidities while eating disorders were rare. Examined onset patterns and comorbidity mechanisms indicated three groups of comorbidities: preexisting disorders self-medicated with methamphetamine, disorders induced by chronic methamphetamine use, and disorders arising due to risk factors shared with MUD. Reviewed comorbidities were frequently associated with worse treatment outcomes. Conclusions The limited evidence is in stark contrast to the presumably high prevalence and relevance of comorbid mental disorders in adolescents with MUD. Suggestions for future research topics, informed by adult findings, include genetic vulnerabilities, biological changes, and consequences of different use patterns. Surprisingly few MUD treatment programs explicitly integrate comorbid mental disorder modules.
A partial data inverse problem for the electro-magnetic wave equation and application to the related Borg–Levinson theorem
Authors: Bellassoued Mourad , Mannoubi Yosra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article we study the stability in an inverse problem of recovering the magnetic field and the electric potential in a bounded smooth domain from boundary observation of the corresponding wave equation. We prove that the knowledge of the partial Dirichlet-to-Neumann map measured on arbitrary subset of the boundary determines the electric potential and the magnetic field. Next, we apply this result to prove the uniqueness for the multidimensional Borg–Levinson theorem for the electro-magnetic potential from partial data.
A new 3D model for magnetic particle imaging using realistic magnetic field topologies for algebraic reconstruction
Authors: Bringout Gaël , Erb Wolfgang , Frikel Jürgen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We derive a new 3D model for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) that is able to incorporate realistic magnetic fields in the reconstruction process. In real MPI scanners, the generated magnetic fields have distortions that lead to deformed magnetic low-field volumes with the shapes of ellipsoids or bananas instead of ideal field-free points (FFP) or lines (FFL), respectively. Most of the common model-based reconstruction schemes in MPI use however the idealized assumption of an ideal FFP or FFL topology and, thus, generate artifacts in the reconstruction. Our model-based approach is able to deal with these distortions and can generally be applied to dynamic magnetic fields that are approximately parallel to their velocity field. We show how this new 3D model can be discretized and inverted algebraically in order to recover the magnetic particle concentration. To model and describe the magnetic fields, we use decompositions of the fields in spherical harmonics. We complement the description of the new model with several simulations and experiments, exploring the effects of magnetic fields distortion and reconstruction parameters on the reconstruction.
Numerical solution of inverse problems by weak adversarial networks
Authors: Bao Gang , Ye Xiaojing , Zang Yaohua , Zhou Haomin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a weak adversarial network approach is developed to numerically solve a class of inverse problems, including electrical impedance tomography and dynamic electrical impedance tomography problems. The weak formulation of the partial differential equation for the given inverse problem is leveraged, where the solution and the test function are parameterized as deep neural networks. Then, the weak formulation and the boundary conditions induce a minimax problem of a saddle function of the network parameters. As the parameters are alternatively updated, the network gradually approximates the solution of the inverse problem. Theoretical justifications are provided on the convergence of the proposed algorithm. The proposed method is completely mesh-free without any spatial discretization, and is particularly suitable for problems with high dimensionality and low regularity on solutions. Numerical experiments on a variety of test inverse problems demonstrate the promising accuracy and efficiency of this approach.
Skyrmion racetrack memory with an antidot
Authors: Kumar Behera Aroop , Murapaka Chandrasekhar , Mallick Sougata , Bhusan Singh Braj , Bedanta Subhankar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Skyrmion racetrack memory has a lot of potential in future non-volatile solid state devices. By application of current in such devices, both spin-orbit torque and spin-transfer torques are proven to be useful to nucleate and propagate skyrmions. However, the current applied during nucleation of successive skyrmions may have unwanted perturbation viz. Joule heating and the skyrmion Hall effect, on the propagation of previously generated skyrmions. Therefore, new methodology is desired to decouple the generation and propagation of skyrmions. Here, we present a novel route via micromagnetic simulations for generation of skyrmions from triangular antidot structure in a ferromagnetic nanotrack using local Oersted field. Antidots are holes in a magnetic nanoelement. Multiple skyrmions can be simultaneously generated by incorporating a greater number of antidots. Controlled skyrmion injection can be achieved by tuning the separation between the antidots that are placed at either end of the nanotrack. Here, we propose a novel design to realise skyrmionic racetrcak memory, where one can individually generate and manipulate the skyrmions within the nanotrack.
Two-particle correlations at high-energy nuclear collisions, peripheral-tube model revisited
Authors: Hama Yogiro , Kodama Takeshi , Qian Wei-Liang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we give an account of the peripheral-tube model, which has been developed to give an intuitive and dynamical description of the so-called ridge effect in two-particle correlations in high-energy nuclear collisions. Starting from a realistic event-by-event fluctuating hydrodynamical model calculation, we first show the emergence of ridge + shoulders in the so-called two-particle long-range correlations, reproducing the data. In contrast to the commonly used geometric picture of the origin of the anisotropic flow, we can explain such a structure dynamically in terms of the presence of high energy-density peripheral tubes in the initial conditions. These tubes violently explode and deflect the near radial flow coming from the interior of the hot matter, which in turn produces a two-ridge structure in single-particle distribution, with approximately two units opening in azimuth. When computing the two-particle correlation, this will result in characteristic three-ridge structure, with a high near-side ridge and two symmetric lower away-side ridges or shoulders. Several anisotropic flows, necessary to producing ridge + shoulder structure, appear naturally in this dynamical description. Using this simple idea, we can understand several related phenomena, such as centrality dependence and trigger-angle dependence.
Parametrization of the surface energy in the ETF approximation
Authors: Furtado U J , Gulminelli F 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We perform extended Thomas–Fermi calculations in the Wigner–Seitz cell below and above neutron drip with realistic functionals. The resulting energy density is decomposed as a sum of bulk terms and a surface term, and a compressible liquid drop analytical formula is used to fit the surface tension. The effect of curvature terms and neutron skin is studied in detail. A very good reproduction of the microscopic data is obtained using an expression that depends only on the mass and charge of the cluster, showing that the in-medium modifications of the nuclear energy in the presence of an external neutron gas can be effectively accounted for in the isospin dependence of the surface tension. In this first application, aimed at establishing the fitting protocol, we concentrate on the Sly4 energy functional, but the study can be easily generalized to different functionals, and the resulting parametrizations can be used for direct applications in pasta calculations in neutron star crusts and supernova matter.
Revisiting Majorana neutrino textures in the light of dark LMA
Authors: Borgohain Happy , Borah Debasish 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the possibility of texture zeros in Majorana light neutrino mass matrix in the light of dark large mixing angle (DLMA) solution to solar neutrino problem where solar mixing angle (sin2
θ
12 ≃ 0.7) lies in the second octant instead of first octant in standard large mixing angle (LMA) scenario (sin2
θ
12 ≃ 0.3). In three neutrino scenario, we find that LMA and DLMA solutions lead to different set of allowed and disallowed textures with one and two zeros. While being consistent with existing bounds from neutrino oscillation data, neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmology these allowed textures also lead to interesting correlations among light neutrino parameters which can distinguish LMA from DLMA solution. We also check the implications for texture zeros in 3 + 1 neutrino scenario using both LMA and DLMA solutions. While LMA and DLMA solutions do not play decisive role in ruling out texture zeros in this case, they do give rise to distinct predictions and correlations between light neutrino parameters.
Revisiting the rare H → q

i

q

j
decays in the standard model
Authors: Aranda J I , González-Estrada G , Montaño J , Ramírez-Zavaleta F , Tututi E S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We revisit the rare decays of the Higgs boson to two different quarks in the standard model (SM), which arise at the one-loop level. We perform Taylor series expansions to the complete form factors of the decay amplitudes, according to their different mass hierarchies, this allow us to take full advantage of the Glashow–Iliopoulos–Maiani (GIM) mechanism to eliminate spurious contributions and retain those that truly contribute. We found that Br(H → uc) = 5.00 × 10−20, Br(H → ds) = 1.19 × 10−11, Br(H → db) = 5.16 × 10−9 and Br(H → sb) = 1.15 × 10−7. Our predictions for the H → uc, ds decays disagree with previous results in the literature.
Simultaneous measurement of surface shape and pressure using structured illumination
Authors: Quinn Mark K , Fisher Tom B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article describes the successful implementation of a structured UV light field, generated from a modified LCD projector, to excite pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) and measure surface shape simultaneously without the need to compromise the PSP by mechanical degradation of the coating. Using commercially available hardware, results were gathered in a Mach 5 wind tunnel, showing the expected pressure distribution around a cone model with a flare and the surface geometry without any prior knowledge or information. The demonstrated methodology can be used to measure aerodynamic models exhibiting elastic deformation under load during a wind tunnel measurement campaign, providing out-of-plane motions are small. The captured deformation and pressure results can be used to support validation of structural models and correct numerical simulation meshes to the actual shape investigated in the wind tunnel.
Preparation of ultrathin carbon-coated CdS nanobelts for advanced Li and Na storage
Authors: Lu Cai , Sun Jinlei , Peng Jinfeng , Pang Huaji , Ding Yanhuai , Jiang Yunhong , Li Feng , Jiang Yong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we report a simple hydrothermal method for preparation of ultrathin carbon-coated CdS (CdS@C) nanobelts. The CdS@C nanobelts show superior electrochemical properties as an anode material for Li-ion batteries. The optimized CdS@C composites deliver a reversible capacity around 910 mAhg−1 and 48 mAhg−1 at 0.1 Ag−1 and 30.0 Ag−1, respectively. Moreover, the optimized nanobelts are also potential materials for Na storage. A stable capacity around 240 mAhg−1 is obtained at 0.1 Ag−1, even after 100 cycles.
Impact of local geometrical irregularities on critical currents of REBCO tapes in round cables
Authors: Kujovič Tomáš , Gömöry Fedor 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

REBa2Cu3O7-x (RE—rare earth, Ba—barium, Cu—copper, O—oxygen) tapes used in common multilayer superconducting cables, such as Roebel cable, twisted stacked tape cable or vonductor on round core/tube (CORC
®
/CORT), undergo shape modifications during the cable production. In particular, the tapes edges are regularly raised due to the Poisson effect during bending of tapes in the cable assembling process. This kind of deformation amplifies the local strain in subsequent layers, endangering the capability to transport electrical current. We explore such deformation by numerical and analytical calculations validated by experiments. Three-point bending device submerged in liquid nitrogen was developed for this purpose. We found that, if the orientation of Poisson effect deformations is along the tape length, the local strain is reduced and performance of the cable remains unaffected. In contrary, the local deformations at the crossings of tapes from subsequent layers represent a serious threat towards reaching a satisfactory critical current retention.
Phase cycling of extreme ultraviolet pulse sequences generated in rare gases
Authors: Wituschek Andreas , Kornilov Oleg , Witting Tobias , Maikowski Laura , Stienkemeier Frank , Vrakking Marc J J , Bruder Lukas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The development of schemes for coherent nonlinear time-domain spectroscopy in the extreme-ultraviolet regime (XUV) has so far been impeded by experimental difficulties that arise at these short wavelengths. In this work we present a novel experimental approach, which facilitates the timing control and phase cycling of XUV pulse sequences produced by harmonic generation in rare gases. The method is demonstrated for the generation and high spectral resolution characterization of narrow-bandwidth harmonics (≈14  eV) in argon and krypton. Our technique simultaneously provides high phase stability and a pathway-selective detection scheme for nonlinear signals—both necessary prerequisites for all types of coherent nonlinear spectroscopy.
Testing generalised uncertainty principles through quantum noise
Authors: Girdhar Parth , Doherty Andrew C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Motivated by several approaches to quantum gravity, there is a considerable literature on generalised uncertainty principles particularly through modification of the canonical position–momentum commutation relations. Some of these modified relations are also consistent with general principles that may be supposed of any physical theory. Such modified commutators have significant observable consequences. Here we study the noisy behaviour of an optomechanical system assuming a certain commonly studied modified commutator. From recent observations of radiation pressure noise in tabletop optomechanical experiments as well as the position noise spectrum of advanced LIGO we derive bounds on the modified commutator. We find how such experiments can be adjusted to provide significant improvements in such bounds, potentially surpassing those from sub-atomic measurements.
Correlations in multithermostat Brownian systems with Lorentz force
Authors: Abdoli Iman , Kalz Erik , Vuijk Hidde D , Wittmann René , Sommer Jens-Uwe , Brader Joseph M , Sharma Abhinav 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We study the motion of a Brownian particle subjected to Lorentz force due to an external magnetic field. Each spatial degree of freedom of the particle is coupled to a different thermostat. We show that the magnetic field results in correlation between different velocity components in the stationary state. Integrating the velocity autocorrelation matrix, we obtain the diffusion matrix that enters the Fokker–Planck equation for the probability density. The eigenvectors of the diffusion matrix do not align with the temperature axes. As a consequence the Brownian particle performs spatially correlated diffusion. We further show that in the presence of an isotropic confining potential, an unusual, flux-free steady state emerges which is characterized by a non-Boltzmann density distribution, which can be rotated by reversing the magnetic field. The nontrivial steady state properties of our system result from the Lorentz force induced coupling of the spatial degrees of freedom which cease to exist in equilibrium corresponding to a single-temperature system.
Vertical pullout tests of orchard trees for bio-inspired engineering of anchorage and foundation systems
Authors: Burrall Matthew , DeJong Jason T , Martinez Alejandro , Wilson Daniel W 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Application of bio-inspired design in geotechnical engineering shows promise for improving the energy and material efficiency of several processes in infrastructure construction and site characterization. This project examines tree root systems for use in future bio-inspired design to improve the capacity of foundations used to support, for example, buildings and bridges. Foundation and anchorage elements used in industry are comprised almost solely of linear elements with a constant cross-sectional geometry. This functional form has remained the same for more than a century, primarily due to material availability and installation simplicity. Knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to capacity development of natural nonlinear or branched foundation systems, such as tree root systems, could make foundation design more sustainable. The experiments described herein show that the root systems studied are 6–10 times as efficient as a conventional micropile system in developing tensile capacity on a per volume basis, with some systems displaying nearly 100 times efficiency in comparison to a conventional shallow footings. This paper explores the relationship between root system architecture and force–displacement behavior of tree root systems to better understand how to improve foundation capacity and demonstrates the potential for a more efficient use of materials and energy as compared to conventional pile and footing approaches.