bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle Weakness in Myositis: MicroRNA‐Mediated Dystrophin Reduction in a Myositis Mouse Model and Human Muscle Biopsies
Authors: Kinder Travis B. , Heier Christopher R. , Tully Christopher B. , Van der Muelen Jack H. , Hoffman Eric P. , Nagaraju Kanneboyina , Fiorillo Alyson A. 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveMuscle inflammation is a feature in myositis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Autoimmune mechanisms are thought to contribute to muscle weakness in patients with myositis. However, a lack of correlation between the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration and muscle weakness indicates that nonimmune pathologic mechanisms may play a role. The present study focused on 2 microRNA (miRNA) sets previously identified as being elevated in the muscle of patients with DMD—an “inflammatory” miRNA set that is dampened with glucocorticoids, and a “dystrophin‐targeting” miRNA set that inhibits dystrophin translation—to test the hypothesis that these miRNAs are similarly dysregulated in the muscle of patients with myositis, and could contribute to muscle weakness and disease severity.MethodsA major histocompatibility complex class I–transgenic mouse model of myositis was utilized to study gene and miRNA expression and histologic features in the muscle tissue, with the findings validated in human muscle biopsy tissue from 6 patients with myositis. Mice were classified as having mild or severe myositis based on transgene expression, body weight, histologic disease severity, and muscle strength/weakness.ResultsIn mice with severe myositis, muscle tissue showed mononuclear cell infiltration along with elevated expression of type I interferon and NF‐κB–regulated genes, including Tlr7 (3.8‐fold increase, P < 0.05). Furthermore, mice with severe myositis showed elevated expression of inflammatory miRNAs (miR‐146a, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐455‐3p, and miR‐455‐5p; ~3–40‐fold increase, P < 0.05) and dystrophin‐targeting miRNAs (miR‐146a, miR‐146b, miR‐31, and miR‐223; ~3–38‐fold increase, P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analyses of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) data identified at least one NF‐κB consensus element within the promoter/enhancer regions of these miRNAs. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses of the muscle tissue from mice with severe myositis demonstrated reduced levels of dystrophin. In addition, elevated levels of NF‐κB–regulated genes, TLR7, and miRNAs along with reduced dystrophin levels were observed in muscle biopsy tissue from patients with histologically severe myositis.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that an acquired dystrophin deficiency may occur through NF‐κB–regulated miRNAs in myositis, thereby suggesting a unifying theme in which muscle injury, inflammation, and weakness are perpetuated both in myositis and in DMD.
Constructing Co3O4 Nanowires on Carbon Fiber Film as a Lithiophilic Host for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Fanfan , Jin Zongzi , Hu Zexun , Zhang Zhiwen , Liu Wei , Yu Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLithium metal has been considered as the most promising anode electrode for substantially improving the energy density of next‐generation energy storage devices. However, uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth, an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), and infinite volume variation severely shortens its service lifespan and causes safety hazards, thus hindering the practical application of lithium metal electrodes. Here, carbon fiber film (CFF) modified by lithiophilic Co3O4 nanowires (denoted as Co3O4 Nws) was proposed as a matrix for prestoring lithium metal through a thermal infusion method. The homogeneous needle‐like Co3O4 nanowires can effectively promote molten lithium to infiltrate into the CFF skeleton. The post‐formed Co−Li2O nanowires produced by the reaction of Co3O4 Nws and molten lithium can homogeneously distribute lithium ions flux and efficaciously increase the adsorption energy with lithium ions proved by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, boosting a uniform lithium deposition without dendrite growth. Therefore, the obtained composite anode (denoted as CFF/Co−Li2O@Li) exhibits superior electrochemical performance with high stripping/plating capacities of 3 mAh cm−2 and 5 mAh cm−2 over long‐term cycles in symmetrical batteries. Moreover, in comparison with bare lithium anode, superior Coulombic efficiencies coupled with copper collector and full battery behaviors paired with LiFePO4 cathode are achieved when CFF/Co−Li2O@Li composite anode was employed.
Carbometalation and Heterometalation of Carbon‐Carbon Multiple‐Bonds Using Group‐13 Heavy Metals: Carbogallation, Carboindation, Heterogallation, and Heteroindation
Authors: Nishimoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Makoto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOrganogallium and ‐indium compounds are useful reagents in organic synthesis because of their moderate stability, efficient reactivity and high chemoselectivity. Carbogallation and ‐indation of a carbon‐carbon multiple bond achieves the simultaneous formation of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐metal bonds. Heterogallation and ‐indation construct carbon‐heteroatom and carbon‐metal bonds. Therefore, these reaction systems represent a significant synthetic method for organogalliums and ‐indiums. Many chemists have attempted to apply various types of unsaturated compounds such as alkynes, alkenes, and allenes to these reaction systems. This minireview provides an overview of carboindation and ‐gallation as well as heteroindation and ‐gallation.
Enhanced Charge Transport in a Conjugated Polymer Blended with an Insulating Polymer
Authors: Kim Hyung Do , Iriguchi Ryo , Fukuhara Tomohiro , Benten Hiroaki , Ohkita Hideo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, the hole transport in a quinoxaline–thiophene based conjugated polymer (PTQ1) mixed with an insulating polystyrene (PS) was studied by macroscopic and local current density−voltage characteristics measurements. As a result, we found that the hole conductivity in PTQ1 : PS blends increases as the weight ratio of PTQ1 is reduced down to 20 wt%. This is mainly ascribed to increases in mobility because the charge carrier density would be constant in the insulating PS matrix. With decreasing PTQ1 weight ratio in the blends, the absorption bandwidth of PTQ1 and additional emission due to excimer decreased, suggesting that interchain interactions are suppressed. By measuring the temperature‐dependent conductivity, we also found that the activation energy for the hole conductivity is smaller in PTQ1 : PS blends than in PTQ1 neat films. These findings suggest that trap sites decrease because of the suppressed interaction between PTQ1 chains in blend films. We also measured conductive atomic force microscope images of the blend films to clarify the local conductive property. For PTQ1 neat films, a low conductive image was observed over the entire film. For PTQ1 : PS blends, on the other hand, many highly conductive spots were locally found. We thus conclude that the dilution of PTQ1 chains in the PS matrix leads to a lower formation of trap sites, resulting in more conductive transport in PTQ1 : PS blends than in PTQ1 neat films.
A Tale of Biphenyl and Terphenyl Substituents for Structurally Diverse Ketiminato Magnesium, Calcium and Germanium Complexes
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Yadav Sandeep , Gour Kritika , Sangtani Ekta , Ranjan Dash Soumya , Raja Abhishekram , Vanka Kumar , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Sen Sakya S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we have used two N,O‐ketiminato ligands (L1 and L2) with biphenyl and terphenyl substituent on the nitrogen atom. Deprotonation of L1 with KN(SiMe3)2 and subsequent reaction with MgI2 led to a homoleptic dinuclear magnesium complex (1) with a Mg2O2 four‐membered ring. Deprotonation with nBuLi and subsequent reaction with MgI2 afforded a unusual dinuclear magnesium complex (2) with a Mg2O2 ring. Extension of the ligand for calcium resulted in a trinuclear calcium complex (3) with six four‐membered Ca2O2 rings. We could not isolate any chelating complex when L2 was used as a ligand, and only oxygen bound magnesium (4) and calcium (5) adducts were isolated. DFT studies were performed to understand this dissimilar behavior. More diverse results were obtained when lithiated L1 and L2 were treated with germanium dichloride. We were able to stabilize a monomeric germylene monochloride (7) with L1. However, with L2, an unusual ligand scrambling, and a C−C coupling take place, leading to the formation of a secondary carbocation with GeCl3‐ as a counter‐anion (8). Besides, a germanium dichloride adduct (9) bound to the oxygen center of the ligand was obtained as the minor product.
A Low‐Temperature Molecular Precursor Approach to Copper‐Based Nano‐Sized Digenite Mineral for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chakraborty Biswarup , Kalra Shweta , Beltrán‐Suito Rodrigo , Das Chittaranjan , Hellmann Tim , Menezes Prashanth W. , Driess Matthias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the urge of designing noble metal‐free and sustainable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), herein, a mineral Digenite Cu9S5 has been prepared from a molecular copper(I) precursor, [{(PyHS)2CuI(PyHS)}2](OTf)2 (1), and utilized as an anode material in electrocatalytic OER for the first time. A hot injection of 1 yielded a pure phase and highly crystalline Cu9S5, which was then electrophoretically deposited (EPD) on a highly conducting nickel foam (NF) substrate. When assessed as an electrode for OER, the Cu9S5/NF displayed an overpotential of merely 298±3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline media. The overpotential recorded here supersedes the value obtained for the best reported Cu‐based as well as the benchmark precious‐metal‐based RuO2 and IrO2 electrocatalysts. In addition, the choronoamperometric OER indicated the superior stability of Cu9S5/NF, rendering its suitability as the sustainable anode material for practical feasibility. The excellent catalytic activity of Cu9S5 can be attributed to the formation of a crystalline CuO overlayer on the conductive Cu9S5 that behaves as active species to facilitate OER. This study delivers a distinct molecular precursor approach to produce highly active copper‐based catalysts that could be used as an efficient and durable OER electro(pre)catalysts relying on non‐precious metals.
High‐Voltage Electrolytes for Aqueous Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Wan Fang , Zhu Jiacai , Huang Shuo , Niu Zhiqiang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAqueous energy storage devices have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage owing to their high safety and low cost. However, the narrow stability voltage window of electrolytes originating from the decomposition of water limits their energy density. In this Minireview, we discuss the limited energy density of aqueous energy storage devices in detail, and then the water decomposition mechanism and corresponding key factors. Furthermore, we present the comprehensive overview of the strategies for increasing the stability of aqueous electrolytes, including redox‐active additives, pH regulation of electrolytes, utilization of water‐in‐salt electrolytes, and selection of highly stable electrolyte salts. Finally, this Minireview also offers insights in the design of high‐voltage aqueous electrolytes.
Clinical features of right‐to‐left shunt in the different subgroups of migraine
Authors: Ling Yanyan , Wang Min , Pan Xudong , Zhao Hongqin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveSeveral investigations have documented an association between migraine and right‐to‐left shunt (RLS). However, whether there are specific clinical features that can distinguish between migraine patients with and without RLS is unclear. This study aims to explore whether there are specific clinical features that can distinguish between migraine patients with and without RLS, and to investigate the relationship between the degree of shunt and clinical parameters of headache.MethodsIn this study, we enrolled consecutive migraineurs who underwent a structured, standardized questionnaire for family and personal history and for detailed migraine features. RLS was diagnosed based on a contrast enhancement transcranial Doppler (c‐TCD) examination.ResultsOverall, 113 migraine with aura (MA) and 192 migraine without aura (MO) patients were included. Patients with MA and RLS (MARLS+) had a higher frequency for sensory aura symptoms than those with MA without RLS (MARLS−) (27.4% vs. 10.0%, p = .03). Patients with MO and RLS (MORLS+) presented with significantly younger initial age of migraine onset and experienced more severe pain intensity than those with MO without RLS (MORLS−) (mean ± SD, 25.6 ± 8.9 vs. 29.8 ± 12.7 years, p = .008 and 5.9 ± 1.4 vs. 5.3 ± 1.3, p = .006, respectively). There was no relationship between the degree of shunt and the clinical parameters of headache.ConclusionsOur results indicate that MO patients presented with a younger initial age of migraine onset and that sensory aura symptoms in MA patients may predict the presence of RLS. However, we did not find support for relationship between the degree of shunt and clinical parameters of headache.
The correlation between serum apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio and brain necrosis in patients underwent radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Honghong , Zheng Dong , Xie Fukang , Huang Xiaolong , Zhuo Xiaohuang , Lin Jinpeng , Li Yi , Tang Yamei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (ApoB/ApoA1) ratio is recognized as a clinical indicator of cardiovascular disease and ischemic cerebral disease. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is also involved in head and neck radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the severity of radiation‐induced brain necrosis (RN) in patients who underwent radiotherapy after nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 191 NPC patients diagnosed with RN were evaluated. Clinical characteristics, serum lipid, apolipoproteins, and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings were collected. Serum lipid and apolipoproteins were quantified using standard diagnostic assays, and the quality of life (QOL) was assessed by the World Health Organization quality of life abbreviated instrument (WHOQOL‐BREF).ResultsApoB/ApoA1 ratio was positively correlated with lesion volume (r = .18, p = .03) and negatively correlated with WHOQOL‐BREF scores (r = −.28, p < .01). The ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were independent risk factor of RN volume. Moreover, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significantly negatively correlated with physical health (r = −.29, p < .01), psychological (r = −.27, p < .01), social relationships (r = −.17, p = .02), and environment (r = −.27, p < .01) domains of WHOQOL‐BREF.ConclusionsSerum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is positively correlated with RN volume, which indicated serum ApoB/ApoA1 ratio as an independent risk factor for lesion volume in patients with RN after radiotherapy for NPC, suggesting a bright intervention target in RN treatment.
Crisis spillover of corporate environmental misconducts: The roles of perceived similarity, familiarity, and corporate environmental responsibility in determining the impact on oppositional behavioral intention
Authors: Ouyang Zhe , Yao Chris Nengzhi , Hu Xi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNegative impact of a firm's environmental misconduct can spread to other firms under the same category due to stakeholders' categorization. Such problem implies a sociocognitive process that has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study extends the current literature by exploring how interfirm similarity affects the spillover effects through stakeholders' engagement. We propose that interfirm similarity can be perceived by stakeholders as a categorization standard, which can lead to their opposition to other firms. Spillover of misconduct is caused by the decreasing stakeholders' trust, wherein the negative effect is contingent upon stakeholders' perceptions. A questionnaire study is conducted to investigate how people resist an innocent firm in China when a chemistry firm experienced an explosion accident. Our findings confirm that interfirm similarity increases stakeholders' opposition to the innocent firm by decreasing their trust. However, the negative effect is alleviated when the innocent firm is perceived as highly environmentally responsible. Our work contributes to the crisis spillover literature and carries important implications for the management of innocent firms that may lose from an industry peer's misconduct.
Computational analysis of morphological and molecular features in gastric cancer tissues
Authors: Yasuda Yoko , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Koga Tomoaki , Sakamoto Chiyomi , Goldberg Ilya G. , Saitoh Noriko , Nakao Mitsuyoshi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBiological morphologies of cells and tissues represent their physiological and pathological conditions. The importance of quantitative assessment of morphological information has been highly recognized in clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. In this study, we used a supervised machine learning algorithm wndchrm to classify hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)‐stained images of human gastric cancer tissues. This analysis distinguished between noncancer and cancer tissues with different histological grades. We then classified the H&E‐stained images by expression levels of cancer‐associated nuclear ATF7IP/MCAF1 and membranous PD‐L1 proteins using immunohistochemistry of serial sections. Interestingly, classes with low and high expressions of each protein exhibited significant morphological dissimilarity in H&E images. These results indicated that morphological features in cancer tissues are correlated with expression of specific cancer‐associated proteins, suggesting the usefulness of biomolecular‐based morphological classification.
Site‐Specific Protein Labeling with Fluorophores as a Tool To Monitor Protein Turnover
Authors: Mideksa Yonatan G. , Fottner Maximilian , Braus Sebastian , Weiß Caroline A. M. , Nguyen Tuan‐Anh , Meier Susanne , Lang Kathrin , Feige Matthias J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProteins that terminally fail to acquire their native structure are detected and degraded by cellular quality control systems. Insights into cellular protein quality control are key to a better understanding of how cells establish and maintain the integrity of their proteome and of how failures in these processes cause human disease. Here we have used genetic code expansion and fast bio‐orthogonal reactions to monitor protein turnover in mammalian cells through a fluorescence‐based assay. We have used immune signaling molecules (interleukins) as model substrates and shown that our approach preserves normal cellular quality control, assembly processes, and protein functionality and works for different proteins and fluorophores. We have further extended our approach to a pulse‐chase type of assay that can provide kinetic insights into cellular protein behavior. Taken together, this study establishes a minimally invasive method to investigate protein turnover in cells as a key determinant of cellular homeostasis.
Exploring Opportunities for Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Porous Liquids as Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Hemming Ellen B. , Masters Anthony F. , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe unusual combination of characteristics observed for porous liquids, which are typically associated with either porous solids or liquids, has led to considerable interest in this new class of materials. However, these porous liquids have so far only been investigated for their ability to separate and store gases. Herein, the catalytic capability of Pt nanoparticles encapsulated within a Type I porous liquid (Pt@HS‐SiO2PL) is explored for the hydrogenation of several alkenes and nitroarenes under mild conditions (T=40 °C,PH2=1 atm). The different intermediates in the porous liquid synthesis (i.e., the initial Pt@HS‐SiO2, the organosilane‐functionalized intermediate, and the final porous liquid) are employed as catalysts in order to understand the effect of each component of the porous liquid on the catalysis. For the hydrogenation of 1‐decene, the Pt@HS‐SiO2PL catalyst in ethanol has the fastest reaction rate if normalized with respect to the concentration of Pt. The reaction rate slows if the reaction is completed in a “neat” porous liquid system, probably because of the high viscosity of the system. These systems may find application in cascade reactions, in particular, for those with mutually incompatible catalysts.
Rational Design of a Cocktail of Inhibitors against Aβ Aggregation
Authors: Li Gao , Yang Wu‐Yue , Li Wen‐Hao , Luo Yun‐Yi , Lim Yeh‐Jun , Li Yang , Paul Ashim , Segal Daniel , Hong Liu , Li Yan‐Mei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt has been reported that many molecules could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ (amyloid‐β) through suppressing either primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, or elongation processes. In order to suppress multiple pathways of Aβ aggregation, we screened 23 small molecules and found two types of inhibitors with different inhibiting mechanisms based on chemical kinetics analysis. Trp‐glucose conjugates (AS2) could bind with fibril ends while natural products (D3 and D4) could associate with monomers. A cocktail of these two kinds of molecules achieved co‐inhibition of various fibrillar species and avoid unwanted interference.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cleavage Reaction of Keto Acids with Aliphatic Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Ketones and Ketone Esters
Authors: Zhou Fangyuan , Li Lesong , Lin Kao , Zhang Feng , Deng Guo‐Jun , Gong Hang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe radical–radical coupling reaction is an important synthetic strategy. In this study, the iron‐catalyzed radical–radical cross‐coupling reaction based on the decarboxylation of keto acids and decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes to obtain valuable aryl ketones is reported for the first time. Remarkably, when tertiary aldehydes were used as carbonyl sources, ketone esters were selectively obtained instead of ketones. The gram‐scale preparation of aryl ketone through this strategy was easily achieved by using only 3 mol % of the iron catalyst. As a proof‐of‐concept, the bioactive molecule flurprimidol was synthesized in two steps by using this strategy.
Amino Alcohol Acrylonitriles as Activators of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway: An Unexpected MTT Phenotypic Screening Outcome
Authors: Baker Jennifer R. , Russell Cecilia C. , Gilbert Jayne , Sakoff Jennette A. , McCluskey Adam 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLead (Z)‐N‐(4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)vinyl)phenyl)acetamide, 1 showed MCF‐7 GI50=30 nM and 400‐fold selective c.f. MCF10A (normal breast tissue). Acetamide moiety modification (13 a‐g) to introduce additional hydrophobicity was favoured with MCF‐7 breast cancer cell activity enhanced at 1.3 nM. Other analogues were potent against the HT29 colon cancer cell line at 23 nM. Textbook SAR data was observed in the MCF‐7 cell line, in an MTT assay, via the ortho (17 a), meta (17 b) and para (13 f). The amino alcohol ‐OH moiety was pivotal, but no stereochemical preference noted. But, these data did not fit our homology modelling expectations. Aberrant MTT ((3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide) screening results and metabolic interference confirmed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) screening. Interfering analogues resulted in 120 and 80‐fold CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 amplification, with no upregulation of SULT1A1. This is consistent with activation of the AhR pathway. Piperidine per‐deuteration reduced metabolic inactivation. 3‐OH / 4‐OH piperidine analogues showed differential MTT and SRB activity supporting MTT assay metabolic inactivation. Data supports piperidine 3‐OH, but not the 4‐OH, as a CYP substrate. This family of β‐amino alcohol substituted 3,4‐dichlorophenylacetonitriles show broad activity modulated via the AhR pathway. By SRB analysis the most potent analogue was 23 b, (Z)‐3‐(4‐(3‐(4‐phenylpiperidin‐1‐yl)‐2‐hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)‐2‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐acrylonitrile.