bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ancient Microorganisms and Carotenoids Preserved in Fluid Inclusions in Halite from Chaka Salt Lake, Western China: Evidence from Micro‐observation and in situ Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: CHEN Yong , WANG Jiuyuan , ZHOU Zhenzhu , CHEN Xiaolan , ZHAO Zhenyu , SHI Peng , HAN Yun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrapped ancient microorganisms in halite fluid inclusions are of special interest to the understanding of biology and ecology in salt lake systems. With the integration of petrologic, microthermometric, and Raman spectroscopic analyses, this study utilizes fluid inclusions from Chaka Salt Lake, eastern Qaidam Basin, NW China, to assess the possibility of microorganism‐trapping by fluid inclusions. Here, we report that the solid phase of some primary fluid inclusions contains carotenoids, which is interpreted as evidence of Dunaliella algae, and that the coexisting liquid phase comprises SO42‐. The homogenization temperatures of single‐phase primary fluid inclusions indicate that the precipitation temperature of the Holocene halite in Chaka Salt Lake ranges from 13.5°C to 36.4°C. This suggests that fluid inclusions in halite are a good medium for trapping and preserving ancient microorganisms and organic matter in salt lakes, and that Raman spectroscopy has good potential to identify halophilic archaea.
Testicular steroid sulfatase overexpression is associated with Leydig cell dysfunction in primary spermatogenic failure
Authors: Lardone Maria C. , Reyes Ian N. , Ortiz Eliana , Piottante Antonio , Palma Cristián , Ebensperger Mauricio , Castro Andrea 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDecreased testosterone (T) to LH ratio and increased 17β‐estradiol (E2) serum concentrations represent a common finding among patients with severe spermatogenic failure, suggesting a concurrent Leydig cell steroidogenic dysfunction. Aromatase overexpression has been associated with increased serum and intratesticular E2 in these patients. However, it is unknown whether the sulfatase pathway contributes to the increased availability of active estrogens in patients with primary spermatogenic failure.ObjectivesTo assess estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) and steroid sulfatase (STS) mRNA abundance in testicular tissue of patients with Sertoli cell‐only syndrome (SCOS) and normal tissues, its association with serum and intratesticular hormone levels, and to explore the mRNA and protein testicular localization of both enzymes.Materials and MethodsTesticular tissues of 23 subjects with SCOS (cases) and 22 patients with obstructive azoospermia and normal spermatogenesis (controls) were obtained after biopsy. SULT1E1 and STS transcripts accumulation was quantified by RT‐qPCR. For mRNA and protein localization, we performed RT‐qPCR in Leydig cell clusters and seminiferous tubules isolated by laser‐capture microdissection and immunofluorescence in testicular tissues. Serum and intratesticular hormones were measured by immunoradiometric assays.ResultsSULT1E1 mRNA accumulation was similar in both groups. The amount of STS mRNA was higher in cases (p = 0.007) and inversely correlated with T/LH ratio (r = −0.402; p = 0.02). Also, a near significant correlation was observed with intratesticular E2 (r = 0.329, p = 0.057), in agreement with higher intratesticular E2 in cases (p < 0.001). Strong STS immunoreaction was localized in the wall of small blood vessels but not in Leydig cells. Both SULT1E1 and STS mRNA abundance was similar in Leydig cell clusters and the tubular compartment, except for lower SUTL1E1 mRNA in the seminiferous tubules of SCOS patients (p = 0.001).ConclusionsOur results suggest that an unbalance of the STS/SULT1E1 pathway contributes to the testicular hyperestrogenic microenvironment in patients with primary spermatogenic failure and Leydig cell dysfunction.
European Standards of Care for Newborn Health—A project protocol
Authors: Lindacher Verena , Altebaeumer Philine , Marlow Neil , Matthaeus Valerie , Straszewski Iris Nikola , Thiele Nicole , Pfeil Johanna M. , Zimmermann Luc J.I. , Mader Silke ,   the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health project members
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimAmong children who receive hospital care, preterm infants are Europe's largest group, whose numbers are continually increasing. Currently, no pan‐European standards of care for preterm or critically ill infants are available, except for a few specific topics, and practices vary widely in different regions.MethodsThe European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants (EFCNI) has initiated a transdisciplinary collaboration project to provide agreed standards for high‐quality perinatal and neonatal care, whose implementation will ensure fairer and more equitable care across Europe. This will improve care for these vulnerable infants and their families, ameliorate the long‐term conditions found in preterm and critically ill infants and enhance the quality of family life of affected families. More than 220 experts—healthcare professionals, patient representatives and other relevant stakeholders—have come together for the first time to develop a broad reference guidance in neonatology and associated fields.ResultsNinety‐six standards on 11 overarching topic areas were developed and endorsed.ConclusionThis reference framework serves as a basis for the development of binding national standards for high‐quality care. A robust translation and implementation strategy is facilitated, with the goal of improved health outcomes following preterm birth all around Europe.
High phosphate impairs arterial endothelial function through AMPK‐related pathways in mouse resistance arteries
Authors: Hu Weipeng , Jiang Shan , Liao Yixin , Li Jinhong , Dong Fang , Guo Jie , Wang Xiaohua , Fei Lingyan , Cui Yu , Ren Xiaoqiu , Xu Nan , Zhao Liang , Chen Limeng , Zheng Yali , Li Lingli , Patzak Andreas , Persson Pontus B. , Zheng Zhihua , Lai En Yin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsIn patients with renal disease, high serum phosphate shows a relationship with cardiovascular risk. We speculate that high phosphate (HP) impairs arterial vasodilation via the endothelium and explore potential underlying mechanisms.MethodsIsolated vessel relaxation, endothelial function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), oxidative stress status and protein expression were assessed in HP diet mice. Mitochondrial function and protein expression were assessed in HP‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).ResultsHigh phosphate (1.3%) diet for 12 weeks impaired endothelium‐dependent relaxation in mesenteric arteries, kidney interlobar arteries and afferent arterioles; reduced GFR and the blood pressure responses to acute administration of acetylcholine. The PPARα/LKB1/AMPK/eNOS pathway was attenuated in the endothelium of mesenteric arteries from HP diet mice. The observed vasodilatory impairment of mesenteric arteries was ameliorated by PPARα agonist WY‐14643. The phosphate transporter PiT‐1 knockdown prevented HP‐mediated suppression of eNOS activity by impeding phosphorus influx in HUVECs. Endothelium cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in HP diet mice. Moreover HP decreased the expression of mitochondrial‐related antioxidant genes. Finally, mitochondrial membrane potential and PGC‐1α expression were reduced by HP treatment in HUVECs, which was partly restored by AMPKα agonist.ConclusionsHP impairs endothelial function by reducing NO bioavailability via decreasing eNOS activity and increasing mitochondrial ROS, in which the AMPK‐related signalling pathways may play a key role.
Reversal of renal tissue hypoxia during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass in sheep by increased pump flow and arterial pressure
Authors: Lankadeva Yugeesh R. , Evans Roger G. , Cochrane Andrew D. , Marino Bruno , Hood Sally G. , McCall Peter R. , Iguchi Naoya , Bellomo Rinaldo , May Clive N. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimRenal tissue hypoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass could contribute to the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. We tested whether renal tissue hypoxia can be alleviated during cardiopulmonary bypass by the combined increase in target pump flow and mean arterial pressure.MethodsCardiopulmonary bypass was established in eight instrumented sheep under isoflurane anaesthesia, at a target continuous pump flow of 80 mL·kg−1 min−1 and mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg. We then tested the effects of simultaneously increasing target pump flow to 104 mL·kg−1 min−1 and mean arterial pressure to 80 mmHg with metaraminol (total dose 0.25‐3.75 mg). We also tested the effects of transitioning from continuous flow to partially pulsatile flow (pulse pressure ~15 mmHg).ResultsCompared with conscious sheep, at the lower target pump flow and mean arterial pressure, cardiopulmonary bypass was accompanied by reduced renal blood flow (6.8 ± 1.2 to 1.95 ± 0.76 mL·min−1 kg−1) and renal oxygen delivery (0.91 ± 0.18 to 0.24 ± 0.11 mL·O2 min−1 kg−1). There were profound reductions in cortical oxygen tension (PO2) (33 ± 13 to 6 ± 6 mmHg) and medullary PO2 (31 ± 12 to 8 ± 8 mmHg). Increasing target pump flow and mean arterial pressure increased renal blood flow (to 2.6 ± 1.0 mL·min−1 kg−1) and renal oxygen delivery (to 0.32 ± 0.13 mL·O2 min−1kg−1) and returned cortical PO2 to 58 ± 60 mmHg and medullary PO2 to 28 ± 16 mmHg; levels similar to those of conscious sheep. Partially pulsatile pump flow had no significant effects on renal perfusion or oxygenation.ConclusionsRenal hypoxia during experimental CPB can be corrected by increasing target pump flow and mean arterial pressure within a clinically feasible range.
Dietary DNA metabarcoding reveals seasonal trophic changes among three syntopic freshwater trout species
Authors: Hoenig Brandon D. , Trevelline Brian K. , Nuttle Tim , Porter Brady A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Providing taxonomically precise dietary characterisations for freshwater fish species is critical for gaining a deeper understanding of the trophic dynamics present in freshwater ecosystems. However, our current understanding of freshwater trophic ecology has relied almost entirely upon direct observation of foraging attempts or morphological identification of partially digested prey. Due to the limitations of morphological dietary characterisations of soft‐bodied arthropod prey, these techniques offer dietary descriptions that can lack satisfactory taxonomic resolution and may bias our interpretations of freshwater food webs.

Recent advancements in DNA‐based prey identification have allowed for species‐level prey characterisations for many terrestrial insectivores, although these techniques have seldom been applied to understand the diets of freshwater fish. This study used DNA metabarcoding with high‐throughput, next‐generation sequencing to provide species‐level descriptions of prey composition for three naturally reproducing, syntopic freshwater trout species.

Our study supports previous findings that suggested that brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are generalist predators that display a high degree of seasonal dietary flexibility. Prey composition varied significantly across sampling periods, with detection frequency of terrestrial prey greater in the spring/summer period compared to the autumn period.

Pollution‐sensitive aquatic macroinvertebrates were detected frequently across both sampling periods, highlighting the importance of high‐quality streams that support such arthropod prey. DNA metabarcoding also detected a high richness of soft‐bodied, Lepidoptera prey species, a taxonomic group that has been largely underrepresented in previous trout dietary studies that used traditional morphological techniques.

This study demonstrates the applicability of dietary DNA metabarcoding for the detection and species‐level identification of arthropods found in freshwater fish lavage samples and highlights the importance of taxonomically precise techniques when attempting to better understand trophic interactions within freshwater communities.
G‐quadruplex‐forming nucleic acids interact with splicing factor 3B subunit 2 and suppress innate immune gene expression
Authors: Matsumoto Kyoko , Okamoto Keiji , Okabe Sachiko , Fujii Risa , Ueda Koji , Ohashi Kenichi , Seimiya Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractG‐quadruplex (G4), a non‐canonical higher‐order structure formed by guanine‐rich nucleic acid sequences, affects various genetic events in cis, including replication, transcription and translation. Whereas up‐regulation of innate immune/interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) is implicated in cancer progression, G4‐forming oligonucleotides that mimic telomeric repeat‐containing RNA suppress ISG induction in three‐dimensional (3D) culture of cancer cells. However, it is unclear how G4 suppresses ISG expression in trans. In this study, we found that G4 binding to splicing factor 3B subunit 2 (SF3B2) down‐regulated STAT1 phosphorylation and ISG expression in 3D‐cultured cancer cells. Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified SF3B2 as a G4‐binding protein. Either G4‐forming oligonucleotides or SF3B2 knockdown suppressed ISG induction, whereas Phen‐DC3, a G4‐stabilizing compound, reversed the inhibitory effect of G4‐forming oligonucleotides on ISG induction. Phen‐DC3 inhibited SF3B2 binding to G4 in vitro. SF3B2‐mediated ISG induction appeared to occur independently of RNA splicing because SF3B2 knockdown did not affect pre‐mRNA splicing under the experimental conditions, and pharmacological inhibition of splicing by pladienolide B did not repress ISG induction. These observations suggest that G4 disrupts the ability of SF3B2 to induce ISGs in cancer. We propose a new mode for gene regulation, which employs G4 as an inhibitory trans‐element.
Mortality analysis of persons with disabilities in Argentina by age, sex and duration of benefit, 2015–16
Authors: Grushka Carlos Oscar , Bramajo Octavio Nicolás , Tibi Luciana 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article describes the differential mortality of Argentina’s disability pension beneficiaries during the 2015–16 period, based on National Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social – ANSES) payment records. It compares data for those with an assessed disability with overall population data, as well as with available international data (from Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States of America). In addition to breaking down mortality rates for people with disabilities by age and sex, it also factors in duration of benefit, establishing an inverse correlation between benefit duration and mortality.
A model for predicting 7‐day pressure injury outcomes in paediatric patients: A machine learning approach
Authors: Chun Xiao , Pan Liyan , Lin Yan , Ye Liyan , Liang Huiying , Tao Jianping , Luo Yi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsWe sought to explore factors associated with early pressure injury progression and build a model for predicting these outcomes using a machine learning approach.DesignA retrospective cohort study.MethodsIn this study, we recruited paediatric patients, with hospital‐acquired stage I pressure injury or suspected deep tissue injury, who met the inclusion criteria between 1 January 2015–31 October 2018. We divided patients into two groups, namely healing or delayed healing, then followed them up for 7 days. We analysed patient pressure injury characteristics, demographics, treatment, clinical situation, vital signs, and blood test results, then build prediction models using the Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting approaches.ResultsThe best prediction model, trained and tested using Random Forest with 10 variables, achieved an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 0.82 (SD 0.06), 0.80 (SD 0.08), 0.84 (SD 0.08), and 0.89 (SD 0.06), respectively. The most contributing variables, in order of importance, included serum creatinine, red blood cell, and haematocrit.ConclusionAn awareness of specific conditions and areas that could lead to delayed healing pressure injury in paediatric patients is needed.ImpactThis evidence‐based prediction model, coupled with the aforementioned clinical indicators, is expected to enhance early prediction of outcomes in paediatric patients thereby improve the quality of care and the outcome of children with PIs.
Caregiver autonomy support: A systematic review of interventions for adults with chronic illness and their caregivers with narrative synthesis
Authors: Stawnychy Michael A. , Teitelman Anne M. , Riegel Barbara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChronic illnesses cause significant mortality in adults. Caregivers (spouses, adult children, friends) support adults with chronic illness in multiple ways, for instance through support of their autonomous decisions about how and why to engage in self‐care.AimTo examine interventions designed to improve the health and well‐being of adults with chronic illness by enhancing the autonomy supportive behaviours of caregivers.DesignSystematic review of randomized controlled trials with narrative synthesis.Data sourcesAll available dates of publication through August 2020 conducted in PubMed, Medline, Ageline, PsychInfo, and CINAHL.MethodsRandomized controlled interventions of adults with chronic illness and their caregivers with content to enhance caregiver autonomy support were included. Interventions involving healthcare personnel, adults without self‐care capacity, or not published in English were excluded. Quality was appraised using Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations. Common themes in autonomy support and associated outcomes (e.g., self‐care, social support) were synthesized.ResultsSearch identified 1,426 studies with 16 included in review (N = 2,486 dyads). Methodological quality was moderate. Successful interventions were skills‐based, targeted various communication styles, contained in‐person elements, and involved nurses. Half of the interventions assessed autonomy support outcomes; 63% (5 of 8) of these improved autonomy support. Results were generally positive for social support, mixed for self‐care, and null for caregiver burden. Heterogeneity and complexity of studies limited attribution of effects.ConclusionBehavioural interventions designed to enhance dyadic caregiver interpersonal communication to be autonomy supportive may positively influence caregiver skills and chronic illness outcomes. Future studies of autonomy support are needed to identify core intervention components.ImpactThis is the first systematic review examining interventions promoting caregiver to care‐receiver autonomy support. Modifying interpersonal communication to be autonomy supportive has potential to improve chronic illness outcomes. Findings can inform how clinicians and investigators enlist caregiver autonomy support to encourage behaviour change.
Can foot reflexology be a complementary therapy for sleep disturbances? Evidence appraisal through a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Hui‐Chuan , Chen Kee‐Hsin , Kuo Shu‐Fen , Chen I‐Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsTo systematically summarize and quantify the effects of foot reflexology on improvements in sleep disturbances.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesDatasets including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL and two Chinese electronic databases (i.e., AiritiLibrary and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were used to search from their inception to 31 January 2019.Review methodsStudies which were randomized controlled trials that reported changes in sleep disturbances after the intervention among adults over 18 years old and written in the English or Chinese language were included. Two reviewers’ independently assessed the eligibility, extracted data, and conducted a quality assessment. Based on the extracted data, two separate meta‐analyses were performed.ResultsForty‐two articles with a total sample of 3,928 participants were included in the systematic review and were eligible for the meta‐analysis. The most commonly employed outcome measurement tool was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, followed by the therapeutic effect between the intervention and control groups (as evaluated by participants with sleep problems compared with those without sleep problems in each group after the intervention). Results revealed that foot reflexology resulted in a greater reduction in the sleep quality score compared with the controls (Hedges’ g = −1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.81~‐0.94). As for the therapeutic effect, participants in the intervention group were less likely to have sleep problems than those in the control group (pooled odds ratio = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.19 ~ 0.31).ConclusionThe findings suggested that foot reflexology produced significant improvements in sleep disturbances.ImpactFoot reflexology is a non‐invasive and convenient intervention and regularly receiving foot reflexology can be considered complementary therapy to improve the sleep quality of adults with sleep disturbances. Furthermore, healthcare providers can actively press the solar plexus and heart zones to alleviate sleep disturbances when performing foot reflexology.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa: a comprehensive review of the disease and its treatment
Authors: Curman P. , Näsman A. , Brauner H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTrichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a rare dermatological disease caused by TS‐associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) in immunosuppressed patients. The seroprevalence of TSPyV in immunocompetent adults is high and the number of immunosuppressed patients developing TS remains low, suggesting that TS is underdiagnosed and/or that additional unknown factors are needed in order to develop TS. There is no well‐established treatment for TS, and to date a majority of reported cases have consequently received ineffective therapies, likely due to the unavailability of reviews and recommendations of treatments for TS. The few treatments reported in case reports to be effective include topical cidofovir 3%, reduction of immunosuppression and oral valganciclovir. In this comprehensive review, we present all published cases to date, together with a summary of all treatments for TS categorized by overall clinical efficacy, thus addressing this rare disease and what appears to be its clinically efficacious treatment.