bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edible urbanism 5.0
Authors: Russo Alessio , Cirella Giuseppe T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUrban and peri-urban agriculture can have negative effects (i.e., ecosystem disservices) to the city ecosystem. In the last two decades, urbanists and landscape planners have promoted urban agriculture and food systems with little attention to ecosystem disservices. At present, increased urbanisation, environmental degradation, population growth and changes in food systems require a novel concept that considers trade-offs between ecosystem services and disservices. Considering the Sustainable Development Goal 2 of ending hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030, as well as the food revolution 5.0 of feeding up to ten billion people, edible urbanism 5.0 is a supportive component in reaching these goals. In this comment, edible urbanism via an edible green infrastructure (EGI) approach is examined against current urbanistic concepts that have common food production systems in cities. Moreover, a discussion on issues and challenges of public policy and governance for the implementation of sustainable food systems is shown with findings that consider current industrial intensive farming as somewhat unsustainable. Edible urbanism integrates three main principles of sustainability by fulfilling food security, resilience and social inclusion. It links site-specific, best-practices by integrating EGI-based governance with modernised food production techniques. Example cities showing EGI- and sustainability-oriented food concepts are presented. Recommendations for future edible urbanism (as a part of the next food revolution) are established.
Safety and health before and after Marikana: subcontracting, illegal mining and trade union rivalry in the South African mining industry
Authors: Stewart Paul , Bezuidenhout Andries , Bischoff Christine 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Mine and worker Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) remains crucial given the historically dismal record of fatalities and accidents in mining in South Africa. OHS also played a central role in the resurgence of trade unionism of black South African mineworkers in the 1980s. While the OHS literature has the workplace as its predominant focus, this article explores three factors relating to conditions external to and beyond mining production: subcontracting, illegal mining and inter-union rivalry. By drawing on empirical studies conducted over two decades, employing a range of research methodologies, the article shows how these factors impact negatively on the mechanisms regulating safety and occupational health. The article concludes that understanding the OHS environment cannot remain restricted to the underground mining workplace. Instead, it points to a broader conceptualisation of OHS and notes the implications for worker politics and progressive research practice.
Single amino acid mutation altered substrate specificity for l-glucose and inositol in scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase isolated from Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans
Authors: Suzuki Mayu , Koubara Kairi , Takenoya Mihoko , Fukano Kazuhiro , Ito Shinsaku , Sasaki Yasuyuki , Nakamura Akira , Yajima Shunsuke 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
scyllo-inositol dehydrogenase, isolated from Paracoccus laeviglucosivorans (Pl-sIDH), exhibits a broad substrate specificity: it oxidizes scyllo- and myo-inositols as well as l-glucose, converting l-glucose to l-glucono-1,5-lactone. Based on the crystal structures previously reported, Arg178 residue, located at the entry port of the catalytic site, seemed to be important for accepting substrates. Here, we report the role of Arg178 by using an alanine-substituted mutant for kinetic analysis as well as to determine the crystal structures. The wild-type Pl-sIDH exhibits the activity for scyllo-inositol most preferably followed by myo-inositol and l-glucose. On the contrary, the R178A mutant abolished the activities for both inositols, but remained active for l-glucose to the same extent as its wild-type. Based on the crystal structures of the mutant, the side chain of Asp191 flipped out of the substrate binding site. Therefore, Arg178 is important in positioning Asp191 correctly to exert its catalytic activities.
Abbreviations: IDH: inositol dehydrogenase; LB: Luria-Bertani; kcat: catalyst rate constant; Km: Michaelis constant; NAD: nicotinamide dinucleotide; NADH: nicotinamide dinucleotide reduced form; PDB; Protein Data Bank; PDB entry: 6KTJ, 6KTK, 6KTL
Effects of Irrigation on the Selective Transport of Na+ and K+ in Corn
Authors: Zhao J X , Liu F , Li S M , Zhou Q Y , Liang Z D , Sun A Q , Liu J W , Yang Y C 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Due to its special climate and geological reasons, Tianjin Binhai area has formed a large area of saline-alkali land. It is of great significance to explore the distribution of salt ions in crops under drip irrigation conditions. In this paper, maize was used as the research object, and different irrigation amount treatment was set up to study the distribution of Na+ and K+ in corn under drip irrigation conditions, and the transport selectivity of corn to Na+ and K+ was analyzed. The results show that the Na+ absorbed by corn is mainly distributed in roots and K+ is mainly distributed in stems and leaves; the transport selectivity coefficient decreases with the increase of irrigation amount, and the increase of Na+/K+ value is the improvement of salt tolerance of corn when irrigation amount is small. Corn can inhibit the transport of Na+ to the ground by enhancing the transport of K+ and reduce the damage to corn.
Research on Real-time Control of Construction Progress
Authors: gang Li , peng Zhao , Shu-hong Sun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
combining with the chilong river management project, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the progress and the related methods of the progress control. By compiling the network plan, the free time difference and the total time difference in the construction process are analyzed and calculated. It is determined that the key work of construction is Xiaobo pump station, and the key route is Xiaobo pump station excavation-Xiaobo pump station concrete pouring-Xiaobo pump station backfill, and the construction progress is further optimized and analyzed, and the purpose of shortening the construction period is achieved. It is verified that the reasonable arrangement of construction schedule can achieve the purpose of shortening the construction period without increasing the additional cost.
Regional Water Resources Status and Sustainable Utilization Research – A Case Study of Qingyang Longdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Wanfeng , Hu Aiping , Guo Jianbo , Zhang Binwei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Water resources are the key factors that restrict the development of Qingyang Longdong energy and chemical industry base. Taking Qingyang Longdong energy and chemical industry base as an example, this paper takes the status quo of water resources as the research object, and points out the problems existing in the current situation of water resources development based on the current status of water quality research and utilization, and then puts forward corresponding measures to promote the sustainable use of water resources. The research results can provide reference for the vigorous construction of Qingyang energy and chemical industry base and the sustainable use and development of local water resources.
Replacing single use plastic bags with compostable carriers: socio-economic approach
Authors: Harianja A H , Saragih G S , Fauzi R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Disposable plastic bags have already become global environmental problems due to their long durability. Plastic bags can be decomposed into microplastic and become more harmful to the environment. This paper will describe socio-economic factors that determinate plastic bag consumption and willingness to pay (WTP) for compostable shopping bags in Yogyakarta. Respondents were chosen using simple random sampling adopting Slovin formula. At a critical value of 4,82%, the sample size was 450 households. Socio-economic factors affecting the use of plastic bags are tested by employing multiple regressions. The result showed that the average use of plastic bags in Yogyakarta is 8 bags/household/week. Factors that influence the usage of plastic bags were the intensity of shopping in the supermarkets/grocery/convenience store, monthly shopping expenditure, and the intensity of the use of non-degradable plastic bags. WTP for compostable shopping bags is IDR 615 per bag. Since the traditional market was the first choice of respondents for daily or weekly shopping, plastic bag levy policy that applied in supermarkets has a limited impact on reducing plastic bag usage.
Water pollution trends in Ciliwung River based on water quality parameters
Authors: Ratnaningsih D , Nasution E L , Wardhani N T , Pitalokasari O D , Fauzi R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ciliwung River is one of the rivers crossing West Java and special capital region of (DKI) Jakarta provinces which plays an important role in fulfilling the needs of human activities and living things surrounding it. Designated as a national priority for management, the Ciliwung River that runs from Mount Pangrango (upper stream) to Jakarta Bay (lower stream) has received pollution from results of human activities such as household activities, agriculture, plantations, animal husbandry, industry, and recreation areas. In addition, the decreased green cover in the upstream area also adds more pressure on the quantity of water in the Ciliwung River. The purpose of this study was to determine the trend of water pollution in the Ciliwung River in the period of 2011-2014 based on physical, chemical and biological parameters. Samples were taken from 22 points starting from upstream to downstream area. From 15 water quality parameters, there were only three parameters, namely total dissolved solid (TDS), pH and nitrate (NO3-N) which still meet water quality criteria class II based on Government Regulation number 82/2001, in all observation periods and sampling sites. Other parameters invariably meet or beyond the water quality criteria. Pollution trend increased towards the downstream of Ciliwung River, however annual comparisons across the year of observations did not show significant differences. High pollution in the downstream area was caused by accumulated pollutants coming from waste disposal of densely populated area and diverse activities in the downstream. Fecal coliform bacteria and total coliform contributed the highest pollution in the Ciliwung River compared to other pollutants. Both those two parameters greatly exceed the water quality criteria at all sampling sites, except in the Ciliwung river spring. Controlling those two parameters may improve Ciliwung water quality.
In situ synthesis of p-n (BiO)4CO3(OH)2/Bi2O2CO3 internal polarized heterojunction for improved visible light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xu Zizhu , Wang Fangfang , Zhang Jing , Chen Xuebing , Chen Changdong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
P-n type (BiO)4CO3(OH)2/Bi2O2CO3 internal polarized heterojunction was prepared via an in situ photosynthesis method and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS) and surface photovoltage (SPV). The results indicate that phase transition process of β-Bi2O3 → Bi2O2CO3 → (BiO)4CO3(OH)2 can be regulated by controlling the photosynthesis time. With increasing of reaction time, CO3
2− in Bi2O2CO3 structures is replaced by polar OH−, and the two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure of (BiO)4CO3(OH)2/Bi2O2CO3 is fabricated. The photocatalytic activities of the junction were investigated by degradation of tetrachlorophenol (4-CP) under the visible light illumination. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of (BiO)4CO3(OH)2/Bi2O2CO3 has been attributed to the synergetic effect between intrinsic internal electric field (IEF) and charge separation for a photocatalyst with p-n heterojunction structures. Moreover, h+ and ·OH are proved working as the main active species for the degradation performence. It shows great potential in application for wastewater treatment.
Graphene-ferrites interaction for enhanced EMI shielding effectiveness of hybrid polymer composites
Authors: Ahmed Ibrar , Jan Rahim , Khan Ahmad Nawaz , Gul Iftikhar Hussain , Khan Ramsha , Javed Sofia , Akram M Aftab , Shafqat Ahmad , Cheema Hammad M , Ahmad Imtiaz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hybrid polymer composites based on poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix are fabricated by dispersion of few layered graphene (FLG) and nickel spinal ferrites (NSF) for improving EMI shielding effectiveness. The FLG loading is kept constant at 3 wt% while NSF content is varied from 15–30 wt% in PVDF using solution processing technique. The shielding effectiveness in the frequency domain of 1–12 GHz is enhanced ranging 25 dB–45 dB for PVDF/FLG composite as compared to ∼0 dB for neat PVDF. With addition of NSF up to 15 wt%, the attenuation is increased to 30 dB–53 dB, clearly indicating the effective interaction and network formation of FLG and NSF in PVDF matrix. Moreover, the shielding effectiveness trend is reduced to 12 dB–43 dB as the NSF loading is increased to 30 wt% owing to its agglomeration. Absorption is the dominant phenomena in obtaining the total shielding effectiveness of ∼53 dB for PVDF/FLG-3 wt%NSF-15 wt% hybrid polymer composites. Additionally, the I-V curves provide the electrical conductivity trend while scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirms the network formation in hybrid composite.
Effect of grain size on the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel
Authors: Soleimani Maryam , Mirzadeh Hamed , Dehghanian Changiz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Systematic works on the effect of grain size on the corrosion resistance of low carbon steel are scant. In the present work, a spectrum of grain sizes was obtained by simple heat treatment routes in a typical low-carbon steel. It was revealed that two distinct stages for the dependency of corrosion current density (i
corr) on the grain size exist. Above a limiting average grain size of ∼22 μm, i
corr decreased slowly with increasing grain size. However, below this limiting value, i
corr increased rapidly, which was related to the increased density of grain boundaries as interpreted by theoretical calculation of number of grains per unit area. Conclusively, a grain size of ∼22 μm (ASTM grain-size number of 8) was considered to be an optimum value according to the mechanical and corrosion standpoints.
Microstructural and chemical characterization of stabilized spent vanadium pentoxide catalyst in copper smelting slag
Authors: Coronado F , Valenzuela Soto A , Encinas Romero M A , Hernández-Negrete O , Tiburcio Munive G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to perform a microstructural characterization of the stabilized spent vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) catalyst in the copper smelter slag. The spent V2O5 catalyst (SVC) is a discarded material from a sulfuric acid production plant. The used SVC is a catalyst material supported in SiO2. The used copper smelting slag (CSS) was from a copper refining mine. The toxic V2O5 compound present in the SVC was stabilized via pyrometallurgical processing with the CSS in an electric furnace with a CSS/SVC 4:1 ratio at 1250 °C to obtain a fused compound. The microstructural and chemical characterization of the CSS, SVC used materials and the obtained fused compound, were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled and Energy dispersed X-ray analyser (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Differential Thermal Analyser (DTA-TGA). The fused compound was a complex slag that comprised of Fe2SiO4 and FeVO4 phases.
Analysis of direct and indirect genetic effects in fighting sea anemones
Authors: Lane Sarah M , Wilson Alastair J , Briffa Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Theoretical models of animal contests such as the Hawk-Dove game predict that variation in fighting behavior will persist due to mixed evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) under certain conditions. However, the genetic basis for this variation is poorly understood and a mixed ESS for fighting can be interpreted in more than one way. Specifically, we do not know whether variation in aggression within a population arises from among-individual differences in fixed strategy (determined by an individual’s genotype—direct genetic effects [DGEs]), or from within-individual variation in strategy across contests. Furthermore, as suggested by developments of the original Hawk-Dove model, within-individual variation in strategy may be dependent on the phenotype and thus genotype of the opponent (indirect genetic effects—IGEs). Here we test for the effect of DGEs and IGEs during fights in the beadlet sea anemone Actinia equina. By exploiting the unusual reproductive system of sea anemones, combined with new molecular data, we investigate the role of both additive (DGE + IGE) and non-additive (DGE × IGE) genetic effects on fighting parameters, the latter of which have been hypothesized but never tested for explicitly. We find evidence for heritable variation in fighting ability and that fight duration increases with relatedness. Fighting success is influenced additively by DGEs and IGEs but we found no evidence for non-additive IGEs. These results indicate that variation in fighting behavior is driven by additive indirect genetic effects (DGE + IGE), and support a core assumption of contest theory that strategies are fixed by DGEs.
Modelling brain development to detect white matter injury in term and preterm born neonates
Authors: O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , Robinson Emma C , Pietsch Maximillian , Wolfers Thomas , Aljabar Paul , Grande Lucilio Cordero , Teixeira Rui P A G , Bozek Jelena , Schuh Andreas , Makropoulos Antonios , Batalle Dafnis , Hutter Jana , Vecchiato Katy , Steinweg Johannes K , Fitzgibbon Sean , Hughes Emer , Price Anthony N , Marquand Andre , Reuckert Daniel , Rutherford Mary , Hajnal Joseph V , Counsell Serena J , Edwards A David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Premature birth occurs during a period of rapid brain growth. In this context, interpreting clinical neuroimaging can be complicated by the typical changes in brain contrast, size and gyrification occurring in the background to any pathology. To model and describe this evolving background in brain shape and contrast, we used a Bayesian regression technique, Gaussian process regression, adapted to multiple correlated outputs. Using MRI, we simultaneously estimated brain tissue intensity on T1- and T2-weighted scans as well as local tissue shape in a large cohort of 408 neonates scanned cross-sectionally across the perinatal period. The resulting model provided a continuous estimate of brain shape and intensity, appropriate to age at scan, degree of prematurity and sex. Next, we investigated the clinical utility of this model to detect focal white matter injury. In individual neonates, we calculated deviations of a neonate’s observed MRI from that predicted by the model to detect punctate white matter lesions with very good accuracy (area under the curve &gt; 0.95). To investigate longitudinal consistency of the model, we calculated model deviations in 46 neonates who were scanned on a second occasion. These infants’ voxelwise deviations from the model could be used to identify them from the other 408 images in 83% (T2-weighted) and 76% (T1-weighted) of cases, indicating an anatomical fingerprint. Our approach provides accurate estimates of non-linear changes in brain tissue intensity and shape with clear potential for radiological use.
Synaptic Mechanisms Underlying the Network State-Dependent Recruitment of VIP-Expressing Interneurons in the CA1 Hippocampus
Authors: Luo Xiao , Guet-McCreight Alexandre , Villette Vincent , Francavilla Ruggiero , Marino Beatrice , Chamberland Simon , Skinner Frances K , Topolnik Lisa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Disinhibition is a widespread circuit mechanism for information selection and transfer. In the hippocampus, disinhibition of principal cells is provided by the interneuron-specific interneurons that express the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP-IS) and innervate selectively inhibitory interneurons. By combining optophysiological experiments with computational models, we determined the impact of synaptic inputs onto the network state-dependent recruitment of VIP-IS cells. We found that VIP-IS cells fire spikes in response to both the Schaffer collateral and the temporoammonic pathway activation. Moreover, by integrating their intrinsic and synaptic properties into computational models, we predicted recruitment of these cells between the rising phase and peak of theta oscillation and during ripples. Two-photon Ca2+-imaging in awake mice supported in part the theoretical predictions, revealing a significant speed modulation of VIP-IS cells and their preferential albeit delayed recruitment during theta-run epochs, with estimated firing at the rising phase and peak of the theta cycle. However, it also uncovered that VIP-IS cells are not activated during ripples. Thus, given the preferential theta-modulated firing of VIP-IS cells in awake hippocampus, we postulate that these cells may be important for information gating during spatial navigation and memory encoding.
Impact of Baseline Characteristics on Future Episodes of Bloodstream Infections: Multistate Model in Septic Patients With Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Guillamet M Cristina Vazquez , Vazquez Rodrigo , Noe Jonas , Micek Scott T , Fraser Victoria J , Kollef Marin H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLooking only at the index infection, studies have described risk factors for infections caused by resistant bacteria. We hypothesized that septic patients with bloodstream infections may transition across states characterized by different microbiology and that their trajectory is not uniform. We also hypothesized that baseline risk factors may influence subsequent blood culture results.MethodsAll adult septic patients with positive blood cultures over a 7-year period were included in the study. Baseline risk factors were recorded. We followed all survivors longitudinally and recorded subsequent blood culture results. We separated states into bacteremia caused by gram-positive cocci, susceptible gram-negative bacilli (sGNB), resistant GNB (rGNB), and Candida spp. Detrimental transitions were considered when transitioning to a culture with a higher mortality risk (rGNB and Candida spp.). A multistate Markov-like model was used to determine risk factors associated with detrimental transitions.ResultsA total of 990 patients survived and experienced at least 1 transition, with a total of 4282 transitions. Inappropriate antibiotics, previous antibiotic exposure, and index bloodstream infection caused by either rGNB or Candida spp. were associated with detrimental transitions. Double antibiotic therapy (beta-lactam plus either an aminoglycoside or a fluoroquinolone) protected against detrimental transitions.ConclusionBaseline characteristics that include prescribed antibiotics can identify patients at risk for subsequent bloodstream infections caused by resistant bacteria. By altering the initial treatment, we could potentially influence future bacteremic states.