bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Multiplicity of P. falciparum infections among asymptomatic school children in Mbita, Western Kenya
Authors: Touray Abdoulie O. , Mobegi Victor A. , Wamunyokoli Fred , Herren Jeremy K. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMultiplicity of infection (MOI) and genetic diversity of P. falciparum infections are important surrogate indicators for assessing malaria transmission intensity in different regions of endemicity. Determination of MOI and diversity of P. falciparum among asymptomatic carriers will enhance our understanding of parasite biology and transmission to mosquito vectors. This study examined the MOI and genetic diversity of P. falciparum parasite populations circulating in Mbita, a region characterized as one of the malaria hotspots in Kenya. The genetic diversity and multiplicity of P. falciparum infections in 95 asymptomatic school children (age 5–15 yrs.) residing in Mbita, western Kenya were assessed using 10 polymorphic microsatellite markers. An average of 79.69% (Range: 54.84–95.74%) of the isolates analysed in this study were polyclonal infections as detected in at least one locus. A high mean MOI of 3.39 (Range: 2.24–4.72) and expected heterozygosity (He) of 0.81 (Range: 0.57–0.95) was reported in the study population. The analysed samples were extensively polyclonal infections leading to circulation of highly genetically diverse parasite populations in the study area. These findings correlated with the expectations of high malaria transmission intensity despite scaling up malaria interventions in the area thereby indicating the need for a robust malaria interventions particularly against asymptomatic carriers in order to attain elimination in the region.
Evaluating the performance of raw and epoch non-wear algorithms using multiple accelerometers and electrocardiogram recordings
Authors: Syed Shaheen , Morseth Bente , Hopstock Laila A. , Horsch Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAccurate detection of accelerometer non-wear time is crucial for calculating physical activity summary statistics. In this study, we evaluated three epoch-based non-wear algorithms (Hecht, Troiano, and Choi) and one raw-based algorithm (Hees). In addition, we performed a sensitivity analysis to provide insight into the relationship between the algorithms’ hyperparameters and classification performance, as well as to generate tuned hyperparameter values to better detect episodes of wear and non-wear time. We used machine learning to construct a gold-standard dataset by combining two accelerometers and electrocardiogram recordings. The Hecht and Troiano algorithms achieved poor classification performance, while Choi exhibited moderate performance. Meanwhile, Hees outperformed all epoch-based algorithms. The sensitivity analysis and hyperparameter tuning revealed that all algorithms were able to achieve increased classification performance by employing larger intervals and windows, while more stringently defining artificial movement. These classification gains were associated with the ability to lower the false positives (type I error) and do not necessarily indicate a more accurate detection of the total non-wear time. Moreover, our results indicate that with tuned hyperparameters, epoch-based non-wear algorithms are able to perform just as well as raw-based non-wear algorithms with respect to their ability to correctly detect true wear and non-wear episodes.
Risk factors for orthodontic mini-implants in skeletal anchorage biological stability: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Casaña-Ruiz María Dolores , Bellot-Arcís Carlos , Paredes-Gallardo Vanessa , García-Sanz Verónica , Almerich-Silla José Manuel , Montiel-Company José María 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe reason of the biological stability loss of mini-implants is still a matter of discussion between dentistry professionals. The main objective of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis was to analyze the risk factors that prejudice this loss. A search was made in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane, in addition a manual search was made too in Grey Literature (Opengrey). No limits were set on the year of publication or language. The inclusion criteria were: studies in humans treated with fixed appliances with mini-implants, where the risk factors for secondary stability were evaluated for a minimum of 8 weeks. After eliminating duplicate studies and assessing which ones achieve the inclusion criteria, a total of 26 studies were selected for the qualitative synthesis, 18 of them were included in the quantitative synthesis. Common risk variables were compared in all of them. Analyzing the forest and funnel plots, statistically significant differences were obtained only for location, the upper maxilla having lower risk than the mandible with an odds ratio of 0.56 and confidence interval of 0.39 to 0.80. Prospective studies under controlled conditions should be required in order to obtain a correct assessment of the variables analyzed.
Easy-handling minimum mass laser target scaffold based on sub-millimeter air bubble -An example of laser plasma extreme ultraviolet generation-
Authors: Musgrave Christopher S. A. , Shoji Shuntaro , Nagai Keiji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLow density materials can control plasma properties of laser absorption, which can enhance quantum beam generation. The recent practical extreme ultraviolet light (EUV) is the first industrial example of laser plasma source with low density targets. Here we propose an easy-handling target source based on a hollow sub-millimeter microcapsule fabricated from polyelectrolyte cationic and anionic surfactant on air bubbles. The lightweight microcapsules acted as a scaffold for surface coating by tin (IV) oxide nanoparticles (22–48%), and then dried. As a proof of concept study, the microcapsules were ablated with a Nd:YAG laser (7.1 × 1010 W/cm2, 1 ns) to generate 13.5 nm EUV relatively directed to laser incidence. The laser conversion efficiency (CE) at 13.5 nm 2% bandwidth from the tin-coated microcapsule (0.8%) was competitive compared with bulk tin (1%). We propose that microcapsule aggregates could be utilized as a potential small scale/compact EUV source, and future quantum beam sources by changing the coating to other elements.
Variations in sub-daily precipitation at centennial scale
Authors: Förster Kristian , Thiele Luisa-Bianca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDue to data availability long-term variations in precipitation rates are mostly studied based on daily precipitation recordings. Recent research suggests, however, that variations in sub-daily precipitation are subject to higher dynamics compared to daily precipitation and a more rapid intensification is likely. Here we show that both observational data with at least 58 years of sub-daily precipitation records and a dynamical downscaling approach with low spatial resolution based on atmospheric re-analysis data confirm these expectations with consistent results. High percentiles of precipitation are subject to multi-decadal oscillations and increased during the last 150 years. We found an increase of 4% K−1 (daily), 12% K−1 (hourly), and 13% K−1 (10 min), which is consistent with Clausius–Clapeyron- (CC) and super CC-scaling, respectively. These findings highlight that dynamical downscaling can help to reliably shed light on sub-daily precipitation variations if small timescales are considered in the experiments.
Personalized predictions of patient outcomes during and after hospitalization using artificial intelligence
Authors: Hilton C. Beau , Milinovich Alex , Felix Christina , Vakharia Nirav , Crone Timothy , Donovan Chris , Proctor Andrew , Nazha Aziz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHospital systems, payers, and regulators have focused on reducing length of stay (LOS) and early readmission, with uncertain benefit. Interpretable machine learning (ML) may assist in transparently identifying the risk of important outcomes. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations at a tertiary academic medical center and its branches from January 2011 to May 2018. A consecutive sample of all hospitalizations in the study period were included. Algorithms were trained on medical, sociodemographic, and institutional variables to predict readmission, length of stay (LOS), and death within 48–72 h. Prediction performance was measured by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), Brier score loss (BSL), which measures how well predicted probability matches observed probability, and other metrics. Interpretations were generated using multiple feature extraction algorithms. The study cohort included 1,485,880 hospitalizations for 708,089 unique patients (median age of 59 years, first and third quartiles (QI) [39, 73]; 55.6% female; 71% white). There were 211,022 30-day readmissions for an overall readmission rate of 14% (for patients ≥65 years: 16%). Median LOS, including observation and labor and delivery patients, was 2.94 days (QI [1.67, 5.34]), or, if these patients are excluded, 3.71 days (QI [2.15, 6.51]). Predictive performance was as follows: 30-day readmission (AUC 0.76/BSL 0.11); LOS > 5 days (AUC 0.84/BSL 0.15); death within 48–72 h (AUC 0.91/BSL 0.001). Explanatory diagrams showed factors that impacted each prediction.
LINC00511 exacerbated T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via miR-195-5p/LRRK1 axis
Authors: Li Shengli , Guo Wenwen , Geng Huayun , Wang Chao , Yang Shuige , Xu Xinxin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a malignant disease arising from the abnormal proliferation of T lymphocyte in marrow. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one kind of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which were reported to modulate the initiation or progression of diverse cancers. However, the role of LINC00511 in T-ALL was unknown. To figure out the function and mechanism of LINC00511 in T-ALL, a series of experiments were carried out. Based on the experimental results, we discovered that LINC00511 boosted cell proliferation and invasion, but hindered cell apoptosis in T-ALL cells. Besides, based on bio-informatics tool, miR-195-5p was selected for further exploration. Then, miR-195-5p was validated to bind with LINC00511. Hereafter, LRRK1 was testified to serve as a target gene of miR-195-5p. At last, rescue assays suggested that LRRK1 overexpression restored sh-LINC00511#1-mediated effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. All in all, LINC00511 exacerbated T-ALL progression via miR-195-5p/LRRK1 axis, implying a potential therapeutic clue for the patients with T-ALL.
Enhanced performance controller for high power wind converters connected to weak grids
Authors: Shahparasti Mahdi , Catalan Pedro , Garcia Ignacio , Ignacio Candela J. , Tarraso Andres , Luna Alvaro 
Published: April 2020

This study proposes a control scheme for high power grid‐connected wind power converters, which is oriented to enhance their performance when connected to weak grids with low short circuit ratio. The proposed controller consists of an outer current reference generation loop and an inner current loop, working in stationary reference frame. In the outer loop, the current reference is calculated to comply simultaneously with the grid code requirements, the control of the DC link, and the operational safety margins of the converter during faulty conditions. On the other hand, the proposed inner current loop consists of a proportional resonant controller, a capacitor voltage feedforward and a phase shifter. Moreover, simulation results considering different weak grid conditions, as well as experimental results of a full‐scale 4 MW converter test‐bench are presented to validate the good performance of the proposed method.
Simulations of satellite tidal debris in the Milky Way halo
Authors: Mazzarini Matteo , Just Andreas , Macciò Andrea V. , Moetazedian Reza 
Published: April 2020

Aims. We study the distribution of the stellar and dark matter debris of the Milky Way satellites.
Methods. For the first time we address the question of the tidal disruption of satellites in simulations by utilising simultaneously (a) a realistic set of orbits extracted from cosmological simulations; (b) a three-component host galaxy with live halo, disc, and bulge components; and (c) satellites from hydrodynamical simulations. We analyse the statistical properties of the satellite debris of all massive galaxies reaching the inner Milky Way on a timescale of 2 Gyr.
Results. Up to 80% of the dark matter is stripped from the satellites, while this happens for up to 30% of their stars. The stellar debris ends mostly in the inner Milky Way halo, whereas the dark matter debris shows a flat mass distribution over the full main halo. The dark matter debris follows a density profile with inner power law index αDM = −0.66 and outer index βDM = 2.94, while for stars α* = −0.44 and β* = 6.17. In the inner 25 kpc the distribution of the stellar debris is flatter than that of the dark matter debris, and the orientations of their short axes differ significantly. Changing the orientation of the stellar disc by 90° has a minor impact on the distribution of the satellite debris.
Conclusions. Our results indicate that dark matter is more easily stripped than stars from the Milky Way satellites. The structure of the debris is dominated by the satellite orbital properties. The radial profiles, the flattening, and the orientation of the stellar and dark matter debris are significantly different, which prevents the prediction of the dark matter distribution from the observed stellar component.
Efficacy and safety of cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection of ileocecal valve polyps
Authors: Lew Daniel , Kashani Amir , Lo Simon K. , Jamil Laith H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Standard endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of ileocecal valve (ICV) polyps is challenging. Cap-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (C-EMR) can be performed when polyps are not easily amenable to standard EMR. Current literature is limited regarding its efficacy and safety for ICV polyps. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy and safety of C-EMR for ICV polyps.
Patients and methods A retrospective review was conducted from September 2008 to November 2018 at a tertiary care center. Patients included in the study underwent C-EMR for ICV polyps by a single gastroenterologist (LHJ). Polyps were successfully eradicated if they were removed en-bloc as confirmed by pathology, or had a negative biopsy on follow-up colonoscopy. Outcomes of the procedures were evaluated, including complete adenoma clearance and adverse events.
Results Twenty-one ICV polyps were removed with C-EMR. Median polyp size was 15 mm (range, 5–45). The rate of complete adenoma clearance was 100 %. Procedure-related complications occurred in five patients (24 %): delayed GI bleeding (4.8 %) and deep mucosal resection/visible vessel (14.3 %). Three patients had subsequent surveillance colonoscopies at 8, 56, and 67 months, respectively. The third patient was found to have a 6-mm flat polyp at the edge of the previous polypectomy site. This was treated with C-EMR and repeat colonoscopy 6 months later did not show residual.
Conclusion C-EMR is highly effective in treating ICV polyps with a low complication rate. It is our suggested method in approaching ICV polyps that are difficult to remove via standard freehand snare EMR technique.
Colonoscopy education delivered via the patient portal does not improve adherence to scheduled first-time screening colonoscopy
Authors: Keswani Rajesh N. , Gregory Dyanna L. , Wood Mariah , Dolan Nancy C. , Chmiel Ryan , Manka Michael , Cameron Kenzie A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Non-adherence to scheduled colonoscopy burdens endoscopic practices and innovative approaches to improve adherence are needed. We aimed to assess the effect of an educational video emphasizing colonoscopy importance delivered through the electronic health record patient portal upon “no-show” and late cancellation rates (non-adherence) in patients scheduled for first-time screening colonoscopy.
Patients and methods We conducted a single center randomized controlled trial among patients scheduled for their first screening colonoscopy. Patients were randomized to routine care (“control”) or video education (“video”). Control patients received a portal message 14 days prior to colonoscopy date; video patients additionally received a link to the educational video.
Results In total, 830 patients (59 % female, median age 55 years) were randomized (“control”: 406; “video”: 424). Nearly all (88 %) opened the message; in the video arm, most (72 %) watched a majority of the video. Overall, 80 % attended their scheduled colonoscopy appointment (late cancel: 18 %, “no show”: 1 %) and 90 % underwent colonoscopy within 3 months of appointment. Adherence rates did not differ between video and control arms for the scheduled appointment (OR 1.2, CI 0.9–1.8) or for colonoscopy within 3 months of scheduled appointment (OR 1.3, CI 0.8–2.1). Bowel preparation quality did not differ between the groups.
Conclusion Most patients scheduled for colonoscopy will open a patient portal message and, when delivered, watch an educational video. However, delivery of an educational video two weeks prior to screening colonoscopy appointment did not improve adherence.
ESD with double clips and rubber band traction of neoplastic lesions developed in the appendiceal orifice is effective and safe
Authors: Oung Borathchakra , Rivory Jérôme , Chabrun Edouard , Legros Romain , Faller Julien , Léger-Nguyen Florence , Rostain Florian , Ber Charles-Eric , Hervieu Valérie , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Ponchon Thierry , Jacques Jérémie , Pioche Mathieu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial colorectal lesions in close proximity to the appendiceal orifice (L-PAO) was shown to be feasible except in case of deep invasion into the appendix (type 3 of Toyonaga’s classification). This study aimed to determine the outcomes of ESD with double clip and rubber band traction (DCT-ESD) of L-PAO including a majority of type 3.
Patients and methods We reviewed retrospectively all consecutive DCT-ESD of L-PAO performed in 3 French centers. Each lesion was described according to Toyonaga’s classification and type 0 lesions were excluded. The primary outcome was en bloc and R0 resection rates for L-PAO. Morbidity and salvage surgery were recorded.
Results A total of 32 patients underwent DCT-ESD; 22 lesions (68.8 %) were type 3, including 11 with previous appendectomy (34.4 %). Median lesion size was 35 mm range (10–110 mm) and median duration of resection was 47 min range (10–230 min). We achieved 100 % of En bloc resection exclusively with DCT-ESD and 90.6 % of histological R0 resection rate. Per-procedure, 11 perforations occurred and were all immediately closed with clips. Overall, 3 patients (10.7 %) underwent surgery without stoma (2 complications related and 1 incomplete resection). No death occurred.
Conclusion ESD of lesions deeply invading appendiceal orifice is feasible with the help of a traction system. Technical success by endoscopy avoiding surgery was achieved in 90.6 % of cases.
Defining gastrointestinal transit time using video capsule endoscopy: a study of healthy subjects
Authors: O’Grady John , Murphy Clodagh L. , Barry Lillian , Shanahan Fergus , Buckley Martin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Determining the etiology and location of gastrointestinal motility disorders can be challenging. A range of investigations targeting specific areas of gastrointestinal transit are available, but many provide clinical data for a given gastrointestinal region alone or for non-specific whole gut transit, and are otherwise of limited use. Video capsule endoscopy allows endoscopic visualisation of the entire gastrointestinal tract, and may also provide more specific data for regional transit time abnormalities.
Patients and methods Data from video capsules ingested by 71 ambulatory healthy subjects were recorded and analyzed to determine gastric and small bowel transit times in the fasting state.
Results Median, and interquartile range (IQR), gastric transit time was 22 (10–48) minutes, and median (IQR) small bowel transit time was 198.5 (157–240.5) minutes.
Conclusion These data, for the first time to our knowledge, provide references for gastrointestinal transit times among healthy ambulatory subjects using video capsule endoscopy. This potentially strengthens clinical use of video capsule endoscopy in the investigation of patients with suspected gastrointestinal motility disorders.
The Italian Society for Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) accreditation and quality improving project based on international standards
Authors: Spinzi Giancarlo , Milano Angelo , Brosolo Piero , Da Massa Carrara Paola , Labardi Maurizio , Merighi Alberto , Riccardi Luisa , Torresan Francesco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Accreditation of endoscopy services, using valid quality indicators, may address failures to comply with quality standards between endoscopy services. The aim of this work was to present the Italian Society for Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) accreditation model and its effectiveness.
Methods A team of eight endoscopists identified quality indicators derived from international guidelines and assessed them in each center voluntarily requesting accreditation. During a 1-day site visit, two expert endoscopists, the representative of the independent and international administrative certification body and a professional nurse evaluated the endoscopy center, by direct observation of the endoscopy team and examination of the medical records
Results In all centers we noted shortcomings in instrument reprocessing. In 30 of 40 centers (75 %) the information in the nursing charts was incomplete. Sampling for Helicobacter pylori had not been done in 12 of 40 centers (30 %). In six of 40 centers (15 %) the adenoma detection rate for each endoscopist had not been evaluated. Post-polypectomy intervals were inappropriate in 12 of 40 centers (30 %). We noted a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the answers to the SIED checklist of indicators submitted to the inspection team for accreditation before the site visit and the situation found for colonoscopy on site. As of June 30, 2018, 18 endoscopy centers had been accredited and 10 centers had not yet being accredited because they had not completed the measures to correct points raised at the visits.
Conclusions Numerous Italian endoscopy centers fail to meet important quality indicators. Our accreditation program can provide means for detecting these problems and correcting them by implementing SIED standards.
Mandibular Premolars with Bifurcated Canals
Authors: Garg Nisha , Sahni Garima , Chhabra Ajay , Negi Shabnam 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEach tooth in the permanent dentition presents with extensive variation in the anatomy of root, along with variation in the number of canals in individual roots. The existence of accessory canals should be considered in all teeth since failure to clean and fill them can have poor impact on prognosis. Thus, it is extremely important for a clinician to keep abreast with the complete assessment of the anatomy and morphology of root canal system for a favorable treatment outcome. Mandibular premolars often present with a variation in anatomy and, thus, considered as a perplexity to the endodontist. This article reports clinical cases of bifurcated canals in mandibular first premolars.