bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melting Curve SNP (McSNP) Genotyping: a Useful Approach for Diallelic Genotyping in Forensic Science
Authors: Ye J , Parra EJ , Sosnoski DM , Hiester K , Underhill PA , Shriver MD 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The increasing availability of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and Deletion/Insertion Polymorphisms (DIPs), as well as the outstanding progress in SNP genotyping technologies, will impact forensics profoundly. We have developed a new method for genotyping SNPs and DIPs, which is based on the determination of melting curve profiles of amplified DNA in solution. We have termed this method Melting curve SNP (McSNP) genotyping. Melting curve profiles are composites of the particular melting temperatures (Tm) of the individual fragments that comprise the DNA sample. Simple mixtures of DNA can be resolved in a very robust and efficient fashion, since the samples can be scored in the plates in which they were amplified with no or very few post-PCR manipulations. As such, McSNP is one of the least expensive genotyping methods available and can and should be useful in forensic science.
A Comparison Between Direct and Indirect Methods Available for Human Bite Mark Analysis
Authors: Kouble RF , Craig GT 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Comparison techniques used in bite mark analysis are many and varied, the choice of technique depending largely on personal preference. Until recently, no one technique has been shown to be better than the others, and very little research has been carried out to compare different methods. This study evaluates and compares the accuracy of direct comparisons between suspects' models and bite marks with indirect comparisons in the form of conventional traced overlays of suspects' models or a new method using photocopier-generated overlays. Artificial bite marks in pigskin were made using standardized sets of models and recorded as photographs and fingerprint powder lifts on tape. The bite mark photographs and fingerprint lifts were coded and randomized so that a blind comparison could be made with the models, traced overlays, and photocopier-generated overlays using a modified version of the American Board of Forensic Odontology Scoring (ABFO) System for Bite Marks.
It was found that the photocopier-generated overlays were significantly more accurate at matching the correct bite mark to the correct models irrespective of whether the bite mark was recorded photographically or as a fingerprint lift. The photocopier-generated overlays were also found to be more sensitive at matching the correct bite marks to the correct models than the other two methods used. The modified ABFO scoring system was able to discriminate between a correct match and several incorrect matches by awarding a high score to the correct match.
Behavior of Fiber and Nonfiber Reactive Powder Concrete in an Aggressive Environment
Authors: Menefy Luke , Guerrieri Maurice , Fragomeni Sam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Durability studies have been carried out on the performance of reactive powder concrete (RPC) when exposed to a three-month (accelerated) exposure to varying sulfuric acid concentrations. The compressive strength and weight loss of the specimens were the key parameters investigated. Specimens consisted of nonfiber reactive powder concrete (NF-RPC), fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete (FR-RPC), and a control high-strength concrete (HSC). Concentrations of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) of 1, 3, and 10 % were utilized as the attack solutions in this investigation. RPCs suffered the highest compressive strength and weight loss after 12 weeks when exposed to 1, 3, and 10 % H2SO4 solutions. It is postulated that the high levels of binding constituents within the RPC are extremely reactive with H2SO4. Results from the HSC specimens showed that a reduced cement content and coarse aggregate inclusion reduced the level of sulfuric acid attack. The presence of fibers within the RPC samples appears to provide benefits in relation to decreased weight loss, but this was not observed for higher concentrations of H2SO4. This study has shown that the durability of RPC in environments subject to high concentrations of sulfuric acid is generally not recommended.
Epidemiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Bilichenko T. N. 
Published: December 2020

An analysis of epidemiology coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Russia and the world was carried out to identify the main factors contributing to morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of the disease. Statistical data were used from official sources (Rospotrebnadzor, WHO, US CDC, China NHC, ECDC, DXY). Research information from different countries about the course, outcomes, spread, and risk factors of the disease is presented.The study of epidemiology, risk factors, causes of increased incidence of COVID-19, mortality rate is of great importance for assessing the effectiveness of preventive measures.
Pretreatment with different molecular weight chitosans encourages drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling
Authors: MOOLPHUERK Namphueng , PATTANAGUL Wattana 
Published: December 2020

Drought is a critical environmental constraint limiting plant growth and productivity. Chitosan has been utilized as a potential biostimulant and proven to be effective against drought stress in many plant species. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pretreatment with different molecular weight (MW) chitosans on some physiological characteristics of rice seedlings under drought stress. Rice seedlings were treated with low (50-190 kDa), medium (190-310 kDa) and high (310-375 kDa) MW chitosans by seed priming and foliar spray. The seedlings were subjected to drought by withholding water for four days. The relative water content (RWC) was reduced from 93% in the control plants to 74% in the droughted plants. The results revealed that treating with chitosan, especially with low MW chitosan, promoted root growth under drought stress. All chitosan treatments led to higher relative water content and photosynthetic pigment under drought condition. Pretreatment with chitosan also induced sugar accumulation, and treating with low MW chitosan significantly increased starch accumulation under drought stress. In addition, chitosan treatments alleviated the effects caused by drought stress as represented by the decreases in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), corresponding with the increases in activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity.
Translating the “Dead Indian”: Kent Monkman, Miss Chief Eagle Testickle, and the Painting of the American West
Authors: Perry Nicole 
Published: December 2020

This article examines the work of Kent Monkman, an artist of Cree ancestry, and his Indigenous interventions into art of the American West. Known for his provocative and highly sexualized genre, Monkman, along with his gender fluid alter ego and companion, Miss Chief Eagle Testickle, have been upsetting the art world for more than a decade. By using Thomas King’s (Cherokee) concept of the “Dead Indian”, I examine how Monkman’s work revitalises Indigenous histories and places them in the centre of the paintings by the 19th-century German-American artist of the American West, Albert Bierstadt. By repurposing the scene, Monkman translates the images from anachronistic settler-colonial narratives and uses these images from the past to highlight Indigenous narratives of the American West.
METEOR: Online Seismic Metadata Builder
Authors: Chèze Jérôme , Maron Christophe , Rivet Diane , Peix Fabrice , Brunel Didier , Martin Xavier , Delouis Bertrand 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
METEOR is an online tool dedicated to the generation of instrumental responses for seismological stations. This tool builds the complete response of the acquisition chain, while keeping the number of fields to be filled in very reduced. METEOR queries a very rich response databank, designed for the management of the French broadband seismological network (RESIF) and for many research projects involving velocimetric and accelerometric sensors over the last 20 yr. This tool is not intended to allow the management of metadata of an entire network, but to quickly build the instrumental responses of temporary stations. Information about the measuring instruments and their settings can be entered directly in the field, or later, back in the office. Instrument responses can be produced in the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks Station Extended Markup Language format (FDSN StationXML) and the metadata-only form of the Standard for Exchange of Earthquake Data (dataless SEED). METEOR is publicly available (see Data and Resources).
Çölyak Hastalarında Glutensiz Diyete Uyumun Öngörülmesinde Nötrofil-Lenfosit Oranının Önemi
Authors: KARACAER Cengiz , SERT Havva , TOZLU Mukaddes 
Published: December 2020

Giriş ve Amaç: Glutensiz diyete (GD) uyum, çölyak hastalığı tedavisinin temel taşıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çölyak hastalarında nötrofil lenfosit oranının (NLR) önemini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nde 2014-2019 yılları arasındaki veriler kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Klinik, endoskopik ve serolojik kriterlere göre Çölyak Hastalığı (ÇH) tanısı alan 166 hastanın demografik ve klinik verileri hastane bilgi sistemi veri tabanı geriye dönük olarak incelenerek değerlendirildi,. Çalışma öncesi yerel etik kurulundan izin alındı. Alıcı işlem karakteristiği (ROC) eğri analizi, GD uyumu ve GD uyumsuzluğu ayırt etmek için maksimum hassasiyet ve özgüllük ile NLR sayımının optimal kesme değerlerini tanımlamak için kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Tanı anında NLR açısından GD'ye uyum ile GD'ye uyumsuzluk arasında anlamlı fark vardı (1.56 (0.51) ve 2.32 (0.86), p
As atribuições dos conselhos de direitos na formulação de políticas públicas para infância
Authors: Custodio Andre Viana , Martins Matheus Denardi Paz 
Published: December 2020

O artigo analisa a concepção e as atribuições dos Conselhos Municipais dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente no marco da teoria da proteção integral do Direito da Criança e do Adolescente como órgão integrante do Sistema de Garantias de Direitos no quadro geral dos sistemas de políticas públicas brasileiras. Considerando que as atribuições dos Conselhos de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente resultam de construção doutrinária decorrentes de práticas políticas e jurídicas, o artigo tem como objetivo geral descrever as principais atribuições dos Conselhos de Direitos como órgão deliberativo e controlador das políticas públicas de atendimento de crianças e adolescentes no âmbito dos municípios. Como objetivos específicos a análise visa descrever a estrutura e concepção dos Conselhos de Direitos e as atribuições no controle e deliberação das políticas públicas de atendimento de crianças e adolescentes no nível municipal. O problema de pesquisa questiona: quais as principais atribuições dos Conselhos Municipais de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente reconhecidas pela doutrina jurídica brasileira? O método de abordagem é dedutivo e o método de procedimento o monográfico, com técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.
КРЕДИТНИЙ ПОРТФЕЛЬ БАНКІВ УКРАЇНИ: АНАЛІЗ, ФАКТОРИ, ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ
Authors: Харченко Анатолій 
Published: December 2020

В умовах нестабільної економічної ситуації та викликів пандемії COVID-19 постає проблема забезпечення ефективного функціонування ринку фінансових послуг. Одним із ключових елементів цього ринку є банківські установи, основна роль яких полягає в перерозподілі вільних фінансових ресурсів між суб’єктами економічних відносин для забезпечення належної роботи національної економіки. Ураховуючи, що кредитна діяльність займає провідне місце у структурі активних операцій банків і, відповідно, формування значної частини доходів банку, виникає необхідність дослідження якості формування кредитного портфеля; визначення негативних наслідків впливу як неякісного кредитного портфеля для окремого банку, так і для системи в цілому; окреслення факторів, що формують ризики кредитної діяльності.
Метою статті є висвітлення факторів кредитних ризиків, результатів аналізу фактичного стану і динаміки формування та якості кредитного портфеля банків України у 2011—2019 роках.
У процесі дослідження використано загальнонаукові методи, зокрема: методи теоретичного узагальнення — для дослідження теоретичних основ і деяких наявних аспектів щодо факторів впливу на ризиковість кредитної діяльності; системного аналізу — при дослідженні неякісного кредитного портфеля банківської системи; методи графічного і статистичного досліджень — для аналізу та оцінки динаміки прострочених, недіючих кредитів у портфелі та резервів, що під них формувалися.
Запропонована класифікація факторів кредитних ризиків орієнтує кредитний моніторинг банку для комплексного аналізу якості кредитного портфеля з урахуванням зовнішнього і внутрішнього середовища, що дозволяє ухвалити вчасно рішення і не допустити неконтрольоване збільшення обсягу проблемних кредитів.
Отримані результати дослідження загострюють увагу на якості кредитного портфеля зокрема, на обсягах прострочених і недіючих кредитів банків, дають можливість у подальшому здійснювати наукові пошуки шляхів розв’язання наявної проблеми.
FACTORS IN MANAGING PUBLICATION PRODUCTIVITY IN RUSSIAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: V. Osipov Gennady , V. Ponkratov Vadim , Ju. Ivlev Vitali , I. Ivleva Marina , G. Karepova Svetlana 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of the study: Justification of the factors of effectiveness in managing publication productivity on the example of Russian universities. Specifically, this research focuses on Russia’s universities’ important role in the publication productivity development in these universities.
Methodology: The study’s methodological basis incorporated multivariate statistical analysis, clustering, and multifactor regression modeling. The methods used for aggregation and data transformation were graph theory and questionnaires.
Main findings: This research proved that the quality, not quantity, of Russian university scientific publications, contributes to their increased citations, which appears to influence determining a useful model for university publication productivity management. It also established that the fundamental factors of effective Russian university publication productivity management are an increase in the number of young teachers with academic degrees and the popularization of science as a prestigious sphere of professional activity in Russia.
Study applications: A reasonable system of factors may become the core for determining the priorities and unique mechanisms of transition from extensive to intensive development of publication productivity in Russian universities, taking into account individual characteristics of their research activities. This measure will prove beneficial to increasing the scientific potential of respective universities, which will, in turn, contribute to better ensuring the publication flow of quality research papers in universities.
Study novelty/originality: This study’s originality lies in providing an empirical assessment of university publication productivity factors, which enabled a more precise method to determine the most reliable balance between scientific publications’ quality and quantity. This balance also resulted in increased citations and stimulated Russian universities’ scientific activity.
An Evaluation of Guidance Services in Senior Secondary Schools in the Central Region of Ghana
Authors: Sackey Mary , Anterkyi Bentil, Josephine , Asiedu Alice 
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to find out what Guidance Service are being offered in the Senior Secondary Schools in the Central Region, their impact on students, the challenges and constrain that hinder their effective implementation. In trying to accomplish this study, related literature was reviewed. Descriptive survey was the design. Questionnaire was the main research instrument. Three sets of questionnaires were designed for students, teachers and coordinators, pilot- tested and administered to collect data. Sample sizes of 262 respondents were involved in the study. It comprised 235 SSS 2 students and 3 students, 21 tutors and 6 guidance coordinators. The sample was selected using purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques analysis, Percentages was used. The findings of the study indicate that pupil’s appraisal service, orientation service, counselling service, placement service, information service, Referral service and consultation service are being offered in the senior secondary schools. It came out that the services are appreciated by the students, and it was beneficial to students. Challenges and constraints faced include lack of office accommodation for effective guidance services, lack of funds to organized programmes and provision of in – service training for the coordinators. Recommendations include adherence to recommended teaching schedules for guidance coordinators and provision of office for the use of coordinators and for individual counselling
África y la Justicia Internacional: una agitada relación
Authors: Iglesias Vázquez María del Ángel 
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el poner sobre la mesa el problema habido sobre las relaciones entre los Estados africanos y la justicia internacional, en especial por lo que al Tribunal Penal Internacional se refiere. Trata de mostrar que, si bien el Protocolo de Malabo no ha tenido el éxito esperado por sus redactores, la justicia regional ha estado trabajando demostrando su eficacia. Y es que diversas causas, como el malestar de los Estados del continente por sentirse foco de atención de La Haya clamando una suerte de doble estándar en la actuación de la Corte Penal o un atentado a la soberanía de los Estados, han conducido al renacimiento de un nacionalismo africano que parece concretarse en la creación de tribunales híbridos o en una paralela justicia doméstica; ello, junto al establecimiento de procesos de justicia restaurativa y transicional en África. Se entiende así que quizás es este tipo de justicia, regional y no internacional, la llamada a ofrecer la debida justicia, investigando y enjuiciando a los culpables que resulten de los crímenes internacionales que se suceden en el continente.
Recibido: 04 marzo 2020Aceptado: 12 noviembre 2020
A Judicialização do Dano Moral Coletivo do Patrimônio Cultural
Authors: Dionis Dionis Mauri Penning 
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa investiga a possibilidade jurídica de ocorrência do dano moral coletivo em virtude da destruição de bens culturais. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi comprovar ser admissível a configuração da responsabilidade civil ambiental pelo dano moral coletivo e, por consequência, do dever de indenizar a comunidade ou o grupo social, em razão das lesões sofridas pelo patrimônio cultural, sem prejuízo da reparação material. O corpo da pesquisa está estruturado na descrição da configuração da responsabilidade civil por dano moral coletivo e a possibilidade de condenar o ofensor ao pagamento de indenização, pelo dano causado aos bens culturais, destacando-se os precedentes ambientais e culturais e a análise de casos concretos dos Tribunais de Justiça estaduais do Brasil. Por resultado, tem-se a reparação por dano moral coletivo como instrumento de defesa do patrimônio cultural, com caráter pedagógico e punitivo. AbstractThis research investigates the legal possibility of occurrence of collective moral damages due to the destruction of cultural property. The main objective was to prove to be admissible configuration of liability for environmental damages collective and, therefore, the duty to compensate the community or social group, due to injuries sustained by cultural heritage, without prejudice to the repair materials. The body of research is structured in the description of the configuration of civil liability for damages collective and the possibility to order the offender to pay compensation, for damage to cultural property, highlighting the environmental and cultural precedents and analysis of concrete cases of the Courts Justice state of Brazil. In result, there is the compensation for damages collective to provide protection of cultural heritage, with pedagogical and punitive. KeywordsCultural property. Reparation. Jurisprudence.
O Direito ao Transporte Coletivo Urbano na Região Metropolitana do Cariri-CE: Sustentabilidade, Problemáticas e Alternativas
Authors: Nascimento Diego Coelho do , Martins Josefa Cicera Alves , Chacon Suely Salgueiro 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a atual conjuntura do transporte público coletivo nos principais municípios da Região Metropolitana do Cariri – CE. A pesquisa em foco caracteriza-se por ser um estudo de caso, cujo objeto de estudo é o Transporte Coletivo Urbano nas principais cidades da Região Metropolitana do Cariri - RMC. A pesquisa possui cunho qualitativo de natureza exploratória-descritiva e os principais procedimentos metodológicos utilizados foram a revisão bibliográfica e visitas de campo. Contatou-se que são muitos os problemas enfrentados pelos usuários do transporte coletivo nos municípios do estudo, como: a superlotação dos veículos; sucateamento dos veículos; descumprimento de horários; baixa oferta de linhas; e o tempo de espera pelos veículos. Percebe-se que há a necessidade de implantação nos municípios da RMC, de um sistema de transporte coletivo eficiente que atenda as necessidades da população no que diz respeito a conforto, segurança, rotas e minimização de impactos ambientais. AbstractThe objective of this work is to analyze the current situation of public transportation in major cities of metropolitan Cariri - EC. The research focus is characterized by being a case study, whose object of study is the Urban Public Transportation in the main cities of metropolitan Cariri - RMC. The research has a qualitative exploratory-descriptive and key methodological procedures used were literature review and field visits. It was noted that there are many problems faced by users of public transport in the cities of the study, such as overcrowding of vehicles, scrapping of vehicles; noncompliance schedules, low supply lines, and the waiting time for vehicles. It is noticed that there is a need for implementation in the municipalities of the MRC, an efficient public transportation system that meets the needs of the population with regard to comfort, safety, routes and minimizing environmental impacts. KeywordsTransportation. Sustainable development. Urbanization. Transportation.