bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extremely simplified optics laboratory for teaching the fundamentals of Fourier analysis
Authors: Potenza M A C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we describe easy and cheap optics experiences for teaching undergraduate students the fundamental properties of Fourier transforms on an experimental basis. By exploiting the eye as the Fourier transforming device, a common magnifying lens, and quasi-coherent light from a small white LED, quantitative results can be easily obtained about the fundamental theorems used in Fourier analysis. The concept of coherence is also introduced in an elementary way. This approach has been successfully adopted to teach third-year students in physics, who operated in a completely autonomous way during the COVID-19 lockdown, without access to a laboratory. This proves the effectiveness of the method. Thanks to its experimental simplicity, it can easily be extended to teach and show the fundamental effects to a larger audience, including high-school students.
Learning a superficial correlated representation using a local mapping strategy for bearing performance degradation assessment
Authors: Kuang Jiachen , Xu Guanghua , Zhang Sicong , Wang Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As a prime technique for proactive maintenance, bearing performance degradation assessment (PDA), which aims to build a health index (HI) to assess the performance degradation process, has drawn more and more attention in recent years. To construct an HI of high quality, we propose a novel and robust fuzzy c-means (FCM) model, based on locally linear embedding (LLE), that aims to learn a superficial correlated representation using a local mapping strategy. First, a great mass of commonly used features from the time-domain, the frequency-domain, and the time–frequency domain are extracted from the original vibration signature. Features are then implemented to obtain the initial dimensions by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Subsequently, local mapping produced by LLE with the initial dimensions extracts the underlying manifold structure from all the remaining features, and a superficial correlated representation is obtained, generated from the space expanded by the features. Finally, an HI based on the subjection of the FCM model is used to assess the bearing degradation process. To validate the superiority of the proposed method, it is compared with three advanced PDA models through experiments on three public datasets. A comparison of the proposed method with those of the other studies confirms the potential of MLE-LLE as an effective feature-fusion tool for the PDA of bearings.
Well-dispersed tin nanoparticles encapsulated in amorphous carbon tubes as high-performance anode for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Zhuo Renfu , Quan Weiwei , Huang Xiaozhong , He Qiang , Sun Zhonggui , Zhang Zhiya , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tin/carbon (Sn/C) nanocomposite is considered as a promising anode material for high-performance Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, since the carbon matrix is always derived from high-temperature carbonization of polymers and Sn has a low melting point (232 °C), the Sn nanoparticles in the Sn/C tend to be heavily aggregated during the carbonization process. It is thus challenging to synthesize well-dispersed Sn nanoparticles in a carbon matrix. Here, we report a facile templating method to encapsulate uniform well-dispersed Sn nanoparticles in amorphous carbon tube (Sn@aCT). The electrode fabricated with the hierarchical Sn@aCT exhibits excellent cycle performance. A stable specific capacity of 870 mAh g−1 after 350 cycles and a Li-ion diffusion coefficient as high as

1.2
×

10

−
12

cm

2

s

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1

are obtained. Meanwhile, the intermediate structure of SnO2@aCT and a carbon-coated Sn yolk-shell nanostructure (Sn@C-YS) are investigated for comparison. The results further manifest the advantage of the architecture of the Sn@aCT. Our strategy provides a feasible way to optimize Sn/C nanocomposite as a high-performance anode material for LIBs.
Copper nanoclusters with/without salicylaldehyde-modulation for multifunctional detection of mercury, cobalt, nitrite and cyanide ions in aqueous solution and bioimaging
Authors: Ding Weihua , Chen Zhichuan , Cao Wei , Gu Yayun , Zhang Ting , Wang Chengniu , Li Wenqing , Sun Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The sensitive determination of multiple heavy metal ions and toxic anions is important in biological and environmental fields. Here we report a facile strategy to construct a multifunctional chemosensor for the detection of Hg2+,

NO

2

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Co2+, and CN− in aqueous solution based on the fluorescent copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs). It was interesting to find that salicylaldehyde (SA) could effectively modulate the fluorescence property and sensing behavior of Cu NCs. In the absence of SA, Cu NCs showed ‘on-off’ fluorescence responses at the addition of Hg2+ and

NO

2

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under different quenching mechanisms. Upon the presence of SA, Cu NCs exhibited a strong intramolecular charge transfer emission at 500 nm, accompanied by the decrease of the initial fluorescence of Cu NCs at 430 nm. This fluorescence on-state of Cu NC–SA at 500 nm was found to be exclusively turned off by Co2+ and enhanced by CN−. Spectroscopy results combined with thermodynamic analysis provided sufficient information to deduce the sensing mechanisms. Finally, the Cu NCs showed high biocompatibility and were able to be used for fluorescence bioimaging in living cells. This study provided a novel and simple strategy to construct the multifunctional chemosensors for bioanalytical applications.
Functionalized magnetic composite nano/microfibres with highly oriented van der Waals CrI3 inclusions by electrospinning
Authors: Bayzi Isfahani Vahideh , Filipe Horta Belo da Silva João , Boddapati Loukya , Rolo Anabela Gomes , Baptista Rosa Maria Ferreira , Deepak Francis Leonard , de Araújo João Pedro Esteves , de Matos Gomes Etelvina , Almeida Bernardo Gonçalves 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis of highly oriented chromium triiodide (CrI3) magnetic inclusions inside nano/microfibres with a polyethylene oxide matrix, prepared by the electrospinning technique. The structural, microstructural and spectroscopic analysis shows uniformly dispersed CrI3 nanosized inclusions inside the fibres, presenting a C2/m monoclinic structure at room temperature, where their c-axis is perpendicular to the fibre mat plane and the ab layers are in-plane. Analysis of the magnetic properties show that the samples have a ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition at ∼55–56 K, lower than that of bulk CrI3. Noticeably, a field-driven metamagnetic transition is observed below ∼45 K, from M versus H curves, when the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the fibre mat plane, while it is strongly reduced when the field is in-plane. This anisotropic behaviour is attributed to the field-induced changes from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic interlayer magnetic moment alignment along the CrI3
c-axis stacked layers. These CrI3 electrospun fibres then show an efficient cost-effective route to synthesize magnetic composite fibres with highly oriented van der Walls inclusions, for spintronic applications, taking advantage of their anisotropic 2D layered materials properties.
Distinct evolutionary pathways for the synthesis and function of tRNA modifications
Authors: Kimura Satoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransfer ribonucleicacids (RNAs) (tRNAs) are essential adaptor molecules for translation. The functions and stability of tRNAs are modulated by their post-transcriptional modifications (tRNA modifications). Each domain of life has a specific set of modifications that include ones shared in multiple domains and ones specific to a domain. In some cases, different tRNA modifications across domains have similar functions to each other. Recent studies uncovered that distinct enzymes synthesize the same modification in different organisms, suggesting that such modifications are acquired through independent evolution. In this short review, I outline the mechanisms by which various modifications contribute to tRNA function, including modulation of decoding and tRNA stability, using recent findings. I also focus on modifications that are synthesized by distinct biosynthetic pathways.
Critical evaluation of web-based DNA N6-methyladenine site prediction tools
Authors: Hasan Md Mehedi , Shoombuatong Watshara , Kurata Hiroyuki , Manavalan Balachandran 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMethylation of DNA N6-methyladenosine (6mA) is a type of epigenetic modification that plays pivotal roles in various biological processes. The accurate genome-wide identification of 6mA is a challenging task that leads to understanding the biological functions. For the last 5 years, a number of bioinformatics approaches and tools for 6mA site prediction have been established, and some of them are easily accessible as web application. Nevertheless, the accurate genome-wide identification of 6mA is still one of the challenging works that lead to understanding the biological functions. Especially in practical applications, these tools have implemented diverse encoding schemes, machine learning algorithms and feature selection methods, whereas few systematic performance comparisons of 6mA site predictors have been reported. In this review, 11 publicly available 6mA predictors evaluated with seven different species-specific datasets (Arabidopsis thaliana, Tolypocladium, Diospyros lotus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Escherichia coli). Of those, few species are close homologs, and the remaining datasets are distant sequences. Our independent, validation tests demonstrated that Meta-i6mA and MM-6mAPred models for A. thaliana, Tolypocladium, S. cerevisiae and D. melanogaster achieved excellent overall performance when compared with their counterparts. However, none of the existing methods were suitable for E. coli, C. elegans and D. lotus. A feasibility of the existing predictors is also discussed for the seven species. Our evaluation provides useful guidelines for the development of 6mA site predictors and helps biologists selecting suitable prediction tools.
CNA2Subpathway: identification of dysregulated subpathway driven by copy number alterations in cancer
Authors: Sheng Yuqi , Jiang Ying , Yang Yang , Li Xiangmei , Qiu Jiayue , Wu Jiashuo , Cheng Liang , Han Junwei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiological pathways reflect the key cellular mechanisms that dictate disease states, drug response and altered cellular function. The local areas of pathways are defined as subpathways (SPs), whose dysfunction has been reported to be associated with the occurrence and development of cancer. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, identifying dysfunctional SPs by using multi-omics data has become possible. Moreover, the SPs are not isolated in the biological system but interact with each other. Here, we propose a network-based calculated method, CNA2Subpathway, to identify dysfunctional SPs is driven by somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) in cancer through integrating pathway topology information, multi-omics data and SP crosstalk. This provides a novel way of SP analysis by using the SP interactions in the system biological level. Using data sets from breast cancer and head and neck cancer, we validate the effectiveness of CNA2Subpathway in identifying cancer-relevant SPs driven by the somatic CNAs, which are also shown to be associated with cancer immune and prognosis of patients. We further compare our results with five pathway or SP analysis methods based on CNA and gene expression data without considering SP crosstalk. With these analyses, we show that CNA2Subpathway could help to uncover dysfunctional SPs underlying cancer via the use of SP crosstalk. CNA2Subpathway is developed as an R-based tool, which is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/hanjunwei-lab/CNA2Subpathway).
Cardiac arrest in COVID-19: characteristics and outcomes of in- and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A report from the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Sultanian Pedram , Lundgren Peter , Strömsöe Anneli , Aune Solveig , Bergström Göran , Hagberg Eva , Hollenberg Jacob , Lindqvist Jonny , Djärv Therese , Castelheim Albert , Thorén Anna , Hessulf Fredrik , Svensson Leif , Claesson Andreas , Friberg Hans , Nordberg Per , Omerovic Elmir , Rosengren Annika , Herlitz Johan , Rawshani Araz 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aim
To study the characteristics and outcome among cardiac arrest cases with COVID-19 and differences between the pre-pandemic and the pandemic period in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA).

Method and results
We included all patients reported to the Swedish Registry for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from 1 January to 20 July 2020. We defined 16 March 2020 as the start of the pandemic. We assessed overall and 30-day mortality using Cox regression and logistic regression, respectively. We studied 1946 cases of OHCA and 1080 cases of IHCA during the entire period. During the pandemic, 88 (10.0%) of OHCAs and 72 (16.1%) of IHCAs had ongoing COVID-19. With regards to OHCA during the pandemic, the odds ratio for 30-day mortality in COVID-19-positive cases, compared with COVID-19-negative cases, was 3.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–11.64]; the corresponding hazard ratio was 1.45 (95% CI 1.13–1.85). Adjusted 30-day survival was 4.7% for patients with COVID-19, 9.8% for patients without COVID-19, and 7.6% in the pre-pandemic period. With regards to IHCA during the pandemic, the odds ratio for COVID-19-positive cases, compared with COVID-19-negative cases, was 2.27 (95% CI 1.27–4.24); the corresponding hazard ratio was 1.48 (95% CI 1.09–2.01). Adjusted 30-day survival was 23.1% in COVID-19-positive cases, 39.5% in patients without COVID-19, and 36.4% in the pre-pandemic period.

Conclusion
During the pandemic phase, COVID-19 was involved in at least 10% of all OHCAs and 16% of IHCAs, and, among COVID-19 cases, 30-day mortality was increased 3.4-fold in OHCA and 2.3-fold in IHCA.
Information sharing via electronic health records in team-based care: the patient perspective
Authors: Sanyer Osman , Butler Jorie M , Fortenberry Katherine , Webb-Allen Tatiana , Ose Dominik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Team-based care offers potential improvements in communication, care coordination, efficiency, value and satisfaction levels of both patients and providers. However, the question of how to balance the need for information in team-based care without disregarding patient preferences remains unanswered. This study aims to determine patients’ perceptions of information sharing via electronic health records (EHRs) in team-based care.

Methods
This qualitative study used a focus group approach. Participants were primary care patients and representative members from minority groups (ethnic, racial or social). Audio recordings of the sessions were transcribed and coded consistent with thematic analyses.

Results
The analysis revealed that the participants in the focus groups had diverging levels of understanding and personal beliefs around five major themes including (i) patient’s understanding of the care team, (ii) perceptions of electronic health records, (iii) defining basic health care information, (iv) sharing information with the health care team and (v) patient’s trust in doctors and the health care system.

Conclusions
The participants of our focus groups value team-based care and view patients as a critical part of those teams. With respect to electronic health records, our participants recognized their importance but had concerns about inaccuracies and limited options to correct errors in their records. In general, participants were willing to share basic information but disagreed about what information should be considered to be basic. Moreover, based on their trust and comfort level, many participants want to control what information is recorded and shared in the electronic health record.
Health of war-affected Karen adults 5 years post-resettlement
Authors: Hoffman Sarah J , Shannon Patricia J , Horn Tonya L , Letts James , Mathiason Michelle A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
An estimated 140 000 refugees from Burma have resettled to the USA since 2009, comprising 21% of total resettlement in the USA over the last decade. Our objective was to describe patterns of longitudinal health outcomes in a cohort of Karen refugees resettled in the USA for 5 years, and to translate these findings to a primary healthcare context.

Methods
The study was a retrospective cohort study focused on the analysis of the first 5 years of electronic health records of a sample of 143 Karen refugees who were initially resettled between May 2011 and May 2013.

Results
Through descriptive, inferential and survival statistics, we described patterns of retention in primary care, biometric trends, condition prevalence and survival probabilities. Highest prevalence health conditions documented at any point in the 5-year period included diagnoses or symptoms associated with pain (52%); gastrointestinal disturbance (41%); metabolic disorder (41%); infectious process (34%); mental health condition (31%) and central nervous system disorder (24%).

Conclusions
This study is the first retrospective longitudinal analysis of patterns of health in Karen refugees originating from Burma and resettled to the USA. Findings identified in the 5-year, the post-resettlement period provided important clinical insights into the health trajectories of war-affected populations. Burden of illness was high although results did not demonstrate the extent of trauma-associated physical health conditions reported in the literature. Indicators such as significant increases in body mass index (BMI), the overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia and others suggested that the cohort may be exhibiting an early trajectory towards the development of these conditions. Authors summarize potential protective factors experienced by the cohort that promoted aspects of health frequently challenged in forced migration.
A label-free real-time method for measuring glucose uptake kinetics in yeast
Authors: Schmidl Sina , Iancu Cristina V , Reifenrath Mara , Choe Jun-yong , Oreb Mislav 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Glucose uptake assays commonly rely on the isotope-labeled sugar, which is associated with radioactive waste and exposure of the experimenter to radiation. Here, we show that the rapid decrease of the cytosolic pH after a glucose pulse to starved Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells is dependent on the rate of sugar uptake and can be used to determine the kinetic parameters of sugar transporters. The pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein variant pHluorin is employed as a genetically encoded biosensor to measure the rate of acidification as a proxy of transport velocity in real time. The measurements are performed in the hexose transporter-deficient (hxt0) strain EBY.VW4000 that has been previously used to characterize a plethora of sugar transporters from various organisms. Therefore, this method provides an isotope-free, fluorometric approach for kinetic characterization of hexose transporters in a well-established yeast expression system.
Social Media Use and Loneliness Among Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Social Contact and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Zhang Kunyu , Burr Jeffrey , Kim Kyungmin , Silverstein Nina , Song Qian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Loneliness is a risk factor for poor quality of life among older adults. Social media use provides a new dimension of communication for older adults to connect with people and to maintain social relationships. However, research has been inconclusive about whether social media use reduces loneliness among older adults, which is due in part to a lack of appropriate measures for capturing different types of social media use. Furthermore, little is known about the underlying mechanisms through which social media use is associated with loneliness. This study investigates the association between social media communication with close social ties and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults (65+), and further examines the mediating role of social contact and social support in the association. Data from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) are analyzed to address our research questions (N = 4,184). Path analyses are employed to examine the relationships among social media communication with close social ties (i.e., children, family, and friends), frequency of contact with social ties (i.e., phone, in-person contact, write/email), perceived social support from social ties, and loneliness (R-UCLA loneliness scale). The results show that a higher level of social media communication is associated with lower levels of loneliness through social contact and perceived social support. Moreover, the relationship between social media communication and perceived social support is partially mediated by social contact. These findings suggest that social media communication may be considered an intervention that may reduce loneliness among older people.
The Spiritual Dimensions of Caring for a Family Member With Early-Stage Dementia
Authors: McGee Jocelyn , Myers Dennis , Meraz Rebecca , Galarza Janet , Davie Morgan , Smith Jensen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There are approximately 16.1 million family members caring for persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and other dementias in the USA. However, few studies have examined the role of spirituality/religiosity as it relates to the caregiving experience, particularly in family members of persons in the early-stages of dementia. In this cross-sectional qualitative study, one-on-one, in-depth, 60-90 minute interviews were conducted with family members of persons assessed to be in the early-stages of dementia (n = 26). A structured interview, “The Spiritual and Religious Dimensions of Living with Dementia” developed by McGee, J. & Carlson-Zhao, H. (2012), was utilized. Interviews were recorded and transcribed by members of an interdisciplinary team of gerontology researchers (nursing, psychology, and social work). Narrative data were examined through thematic analysis approach, supported by NVivo (version 12.0) software, and a modified constant comparison analysis approach (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). Participants reported a diverse range of spiritual/religious beliefs, practices, and experiences including how these intersected with their adaptation to the opportunities and challenges of the caregiver role. The importance of intrapersonal processing, family connection, and community support for managing the ambiguity of this role was expressed. The interview questions were reportedly therapeutic for some participants suggesting the need to include similar questions as part of the assessment in clinical care settings. Indeed, interviewing caregivers of people with early-stage dementia may serve to improve clinical outcomes by identifying important aspects of spiritual/religious coping that can be encouraged as well as spiritual struggles that need to be addressed. Additional research is needed.