bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Cytometry for Investigation of Purinergic Signaling in Tumor‐Associated Macrophages
Authors: Arnaud‐Sampaio Vanessa F. , Rabelo Izadora L. A. , Bento Carolina A. , Glaser Talita , Bezerra Jean , Coutinho‐Silva Robson , Ulrich Henning , Lameu Claudiana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTumor‐associated macrophages are widely recognized for their importance in guiding pro‐tumoral or antitumoral responses. Mediating inflammation or immunosuppression, these cells support many key events in cancer progression: cell growth, chemotaxis, invasiveness, angiogenesis and cell death. The communication between cells in the tumor microenvironment strongly relies on the secretion and recognition of several molecules, including damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Extracellular ATP (eATP) and its degradation products act as signaling molecules and have extensively described roles in immune response and inflammation, as well as in cancer biology. These multiple functions highlight the purinergic system as a promising target to investigate the interplay between macrophages and cancer cells. Here, we reviewed purinergic signaling pathways connecting cancer cells and macrophages, a yet poorly investigated field. Finally, we present a new tool for the characterization of macrophage phenotype within the tumor. Image cytometry emerges as a cutting‐edge tool, capable of providing a broad set of information on cell morphology, expression of specific markers, and its cellular or subcellular localization, preserving cell–cell interactions within the tumor section and providing high statistical strength in small‐sized experiments. Thus, image cytometry allows deeper investigation of tumor heterogeneity and interactions between these cells. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Mapping potential effects of proposed roads on migratory connectivity for a highly mobile herbivore using circuit theory
Authors: Fullman Timothy J. , Wilson Ryan R. , Joly Kyle , Gustine David D. , Leonard Paul , Loya Wendy M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMigration is common worldwide as species access spatiotemporally varying resources and avoid predators and parasites. However, long‐distance migrations are increasingly imperiled due to development and habitat fragmentation. Improved understanding of migratory behavior has implications for conservation and management of migratory species, allowing identification and protection of seasonal ranges and migration corridors. We present a technique that applies circuit theory to predict future effects of development by analyzing season‐specific resistance to movement from anthropogenic and natural environmental features across an entire migratory path. We demonstrate the utility of our approach by examining potential effects of a proposed road system on barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) and subsistence hunters in northern Alaska. Resource selection functions revealed migratory selection by caribou. We tested five scenarios relating habitat selection to landscape resistance using Circuitscape and GPS telemetry data. To examine the effect of potential roads on connectivity of migrating animals and human hunters, we compared current flow values near communities in the presence of proposed roads. Caribou avoided dense vegetation, rugged terrain, major rivers, and existing roads in both spring and fall. A negative linear relationship between resource selection and landscape resistance was strongly supported for fall migration while spring migration featured a negative logarithmic relationship. Overall patterns of caribou connectivity remained similar in the presence of proposed roads, though reduced current flow was predicted for communities near the center of current migration areas. Such data can inform decisions to allow or disallow projects or to select among alternative development proposals and mitigation measures, though consideration of cumulative effects of development is needed. Our approach is flexible and can easily be adapted to other species, locations and development scenarios to expand understanding of movement behavior and to evaluate proposed developments. Such information is vital to inform policy decisions that balance new development, resource user needs, and preservation of ecosystem function.
Understanding “feeling fat” and its underlying mechanisms: The importance of multimethod measurement
Authors: Mehak Adrienne , Racine Sarah E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract“Feeling fat,” the somatic sensation of being overweight that does not entirely correlate with one's actual weight, is recognized clinically as a maintenance factor in eating disorders. Occurring amidst Western internalized thin ideals and weight stigma, “feeling fat” is wide‐reaching and also reported by those with subclinical and absent eating pathology. However, empirical study of “feeling fat” is limited. Regarding proposed mechanisms, “feeling fat” may (a) reflect the displacement of negative affect onto the body, (b) represent one element of a cognitive distortion related to the imagined consumption of fattening food, and/or (c) be a function of impaired interoceptive awareness. However, the relative and/or joint contributions of these mechanisms to “feeling fat” are unclear. Regarding measurement, retrospective assessment with single items has been the norm. Innovative measures of “feeling fat” will expand our understanding of this construct. Ecological momentary assessment can clarify the transitory nature of this experience, and physiological measures can allow for assessment of somatic elements of “feeling fat. Multi‐method and implicit measurement strategies of ‘feeling fat’” may clarify the mechanisms underlying this experience. Further research with improved measurement techniques may also benefit eating disorder treatment by highlighting new treatment foci (e.g., cognitive distortions, interoceptive awareness).
Morphological and trophic divergence of lake and stream minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus)
Authors: Scharnweber Kristin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhenotypic divergence in response to divergent natural selection between environments is a common phenomenon in species of freshwater fishes. Intraspecific differentiation is often pronounced between individuals inhabiting lakes versus stream habitats. The different hydrodynamic regimes in the contrasting habitats may promote a variation of body shape, but this could be intertwined with morphological adaptations to a specific foraging mode.Herein, I studied the divergence pattern of the European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), a common freshwater fish that has received little attention despite its large distribution. In many Scandinavian mountain lakes, European minnows are considered as being invasive and were found to pose threats to the native fish populations due to resource competition. Minnows were recently found to show phenotypic adaptations in lake versus stream habitats, but the question remained if this divergence pattern is related to differences in resource use. I therefore studied the patterns of minnow divergence in morphology (i.e., using geometric morphometrics) and trophic niches (i.e., using stomach content analyses) in the lake Ånnsjön and its tributaries to link the changes in body morphology to the feeding on specific resources. Lake minnows showed a strong reliance on benthic Cladocera and a more streamlined body shape with a more upward facing snout, whereas stream minnows fed on macroinvertebrates (larvae and adults) to a higher degree and had a deeper body with a snout that was pointed down. Correlations showed a significant relationship of the proportion of macroinvertebrates in the gut and morphological features present in the stream minnows. The results of this study highlight the habitat‐specific divergence pattern in morphology and resource use in this ubiquitous freshwater fish. Consequently, interspecific interactions of invasive minnows and the native fish population could differ in the respective food webs and resource competition could target different native fish species in the contrasting habitats.
Moving with the kines: Chemokine receptor expression regulates the migration and differentiation of IgG4‐expressing B cells
Authors: Herman Lou Salomé , James Louisa Katherine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIgG4 is the least abundant of the human IgG subclasses and for decades was only a curiosity among allergists, who spent several years debating its role in immune tolerance. Among the unusual features of IgG4, an inability to form immune complexes or engage with Fc receptors and complement cemented its place as a protolerogenic subclass, capable of inhibiting the potent effects of IgE. However, when reports emerged that a diverse set of fibrotic diseases were linked by the expansion of IgG4‐producing plasma cells, questions were raised about the role of IgG4 in immune‐mediated pathology. Understanding the biology of IgG4 has therefore taken on a new sense of importance. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Unger et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2020. 50: 1113–1125] demonstrate that human IgG4+ B cells have reduced expression of several key chemokine receptors and this limits their ability to access secondary lymphoid tissue and differentiate to long‐lived plasma cells leading to selective reduction of IgG4 following CD20+ B cell depletion with Rituximab. We discuss these findings in the context of the unusual properties of IgG4 and speculate on the role of IgG4‐producing cells in the resolution of inflammation.
Deep learning recognition of diseased and normal cell representation
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Ahmad Iftikhar , Bin Luo , Khan Suleman , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCell classification refers to detecting normal and diseased cells from small amount of data. Sometimes, classification of cells becomes difficult because some cells fall into more than one categories/classes. Current state‐of‐the‐art cell classification methods have been developed on the bases of tumor cell classification but these methods cannot classify diseased or normal cells. This study investigated the performance of two classification methods traditional machine learning and deep learning (normal and diseased cell classification) to categorize normal and diseased cells. Millions of normal cells undergo controlled growth and uncontrolled growth may be involved in disease causation but their clinical applications remain limited due to difficulties in distinguishing normal and diseased cells. Previous studies are limited to identify, systematically, the normal and diseased cells. This study collected information about diseased or normal cells to check the networks for correct cell detection and then eliminated false‐positive cells. We used machine learning methods along with logistic regression, support vector machine, and CNN (convolutional neural network). We found that our proposed method classified better the normal and diseased cells. With the help of two types of images: normal and diseased cells, we trained a CNN that identified diseased cells with 98% accuracy and enabled the discovery of normal and diseased cells. As a result, it will advance the clinical utility of human diseased cells.
Negative content enhances stimulus‐specific cerebral activity during free viewing of pictures, faces, and words
Authors: Reisch Lea Marie , Wegrzyn Martin , Woermann Friedrich G. , Bien Christian G. , Kissler Johanna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNegative visual stimuli have been found to elicit stronger brain activation than do neutral stimuli. Such emotion effects have been shown for pictures, faces, and words alike, but the literature suggests stimulus‐specific differences regarding locus and lateralization of the activity. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we directly compared brain responses to passively viewed negative and neutral pictures of complex scenes, faces, and words (nouns) in 43 healthy participants (21 males) varying in age and demographic background. Both negative pictures and faces activated the extrastriate visual cortices of both hemispheres more strongly than neutral ones, but effects were larger and extended more dorsally for pictures, whereas negative faces additionally activated the superior temporal sulci. Negative words differentially activated typical higher‐level language processing areas such as the left inferior frontal and angular gyrus. There were small emotion effects in the amygdala for faces and words, which were both lateralized to the left hemisphere. Although pictures elicited overall the strongest amygdala activity, amygdala response to negative pictures was not significantly stronger than to neutral ones. Across stimulus types, emotion effects converged in the left anterior insula. No gender effects were apparent, but age had a small, stimulus‐specific impact on emotion processing. Our study specifies similarities and differences in effects of negative emotional content on the processing of different types of stimuli, indicating that brain response to negative stimuli is specifically enhanced in areas involved in processing of the respective stimulus type in general and converges across stimuli in the left anterior insula.
Kinetics of pre‐myelodysplastic syndromes blood values correlate with disease risk and survival
Authors: Joffe Erel , Greenbaum Uri , Man‐El Gili , Filanovsky Kalman , Oster Howard S. , Levi Itai , Raanani Pia , Avivi Irit , Mittelman Moshe 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe reviewed pre‐diagnosis clinical data of 420 patients with pathologically confirmed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) presenting with anemia. In 232 patients with yearly pre‐diagnosis complete blood counts (CBCs), we also analyzed CBC kinetics in respects to a standardized timepoint in which all patients had similar levels of hemoglobin (Hgb). At the standardized timepoint (last documented 12 > Hgb ≥ 11 g/dL), occurring months‐years before diagnosis, median CBC values were Hgb 11.4 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 2.7 × 103(k)/mcl, and platelets (PLTs) 181 k/mcl. Gradual changes in CBC could be observed years prior to this timepoint, for the most part while within normal/near‐normal limits. During this time, most patients had a coexisting alternative etiology for anemia. Patients with high‐risk cytogenetic/blast features had a rapid and steeper decrease in counts in the last year before developing a concerning anemia (decrease in: Hgb 0.75 g/dL vs 0.55 g/dL; PLT 29.5 vs 4.5 k/mcl; ANC 0.86 vs 0.4 k/mcl, P = .03). Low‐risk patients had a high rate of longstanding mild anemia (31% vs 16%, P = .05). Rate of development of cytopenia and number of involved hematopoietic lines were prognostic. In 65% of patients, with near normal CBC at the standardized timepoint, but in whom there was a decrease in multiple hematopoietic lines over the preceding year, the 5‐year overall survival (5yOS) was 53% compared to 71% in patients with isolated slowly progressing anemia (20% of patients). In 15% of patients with mild cytopenia developing after both a rapid decrease and multiple involved lines, prognosis was dismal (5yOS 34%). In conclusion, kinetics of pre‐MDS CBC values correlate with disease risk and survival.
Coaching techniques for sustained individual change during career transitions
Authors: Terblanche Nicky 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCareer development and transitions are forms of learning integral to human resource development (HRD). Understanding these phenomena is becoming critical due to the changing nature of work. Transition coaching, an individualized HRD learning intervention, is gaining traction as a career support mechanism, yet the details of how this type of coaching works are not clear. To investigate the potential role of transition coaching as an HRD intervention that facilitates learning beyond the acquisition of knowledge and skills, this study examined which coaching techniques, from the perspective of the transitioning manager (coachee), are likely to contribute to transformative individual learning during transition coaching. Perceptions of these coaching techniques were identified through deductive and summative content analyses of interview transcripts of 20 coached transitioning managers. Of the 13 coaching techniques identified, five were perceived to be experienced substantially more than the others: active experimentation, questioning, reflection, challenging views and assumptions, and using theories and frameworks. The findings suggest empirically that transition coaching could facilitate transformative individual learning during career transitions. The findings also indicate that, unlike what is generally professed during coaching, transitioning managers value a directive, knowledge‐imparting coach and confirm that reflection and experiential learning are key to succeed in a new role. This study advances HRD, transformative learning, and coaching theory and practice through the operationalization of coaching in the specific HRD context of career development and transitions aimed at transformative learning.
Hypoxia‐induced hsa_circ_0000826 is linked to liver metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Shi Li , Tao Chengzhe , Tang Yining , Xia Yongxiang , Li Xiangcheng , Wang Xuehao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundhsa_circ_0000826 has been previously linked to CRC through the competing endogenous RNA network; however, the upstream driver of hsa_circ_0000826 elevation remains unknown. In this study, we aim to elucidate the effect of hypoxia‐induced hsa_circ_0000826 on CRC tumorigenesis and metastasis.MethodsRNA scope assay was used to evaluate the expression of hsa_circ_0000826 in CRC cells under hypoxia condition. The effects of hsa_circ_0000826 on phenotypes of CRC cells were evaluated through cell migration and invasion assay. The nude, AOM‐DSS model mice and APCMin/+ mice were used to investigate the relationship between circ_0000826, hypoxia, and CRC in mice. A total of 100 CRC tissue samples, as well as the paired adjacent tissues, were collected, and qRT‐PCR assay was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0000826 in these samples.ResultsHypoxia‐induced hsa_circ_0000826 overexpression can increase the malignant phenotypes, tumor formation, and metastasis capability of CRC cells in vitro. mmu_circ_0000826 levels were significantly increased in the CRC tissues from AOM‐DSS and APC mice model under hypoxia conditions. Further, the hypoxia‐induced upregulation of mmu_circ_0000826 can also promote CRC tumorigenesis and liver metastasis in vivo. The expression of hsa_circ_0000826 in serum was significantly increased in CRC tissues in 100‐pair of CRC and according to the adjacent normal tissues by qRT‐PCR assays. Moreover, the expression levels of hsa_circ_0000826 in serum of patient with liver metastasis were significantly increased than those without metastasis.ConclusionOur results suggested that hsa_circ_0000826 was induced by the hypoxia in CRC, which can be a potential biomarker of CRC liver metastasis.
Assessment of Clinical Drug‐Drug Interactions of Elagolix, a Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Polepally Akshanth R. , Ng Juki W. , Salem Ahmed Hamed , Dufek Matthew B. , Parikh Apurvasena , Carter David C. , Kamradt Kent , Mostafa Nael M. , Shebley Mohamad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractElagolix is an oral gonadotropin‐releasing hormone receptor antagonist indicated for the management of endometriosis‐associated pain and in combination with estradiol/norethindrone acetate indicated for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) in premenopausal women. Elagolix coadministered with estradiol/norethindrone acetate is in late‐stage development for the management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine fibroids. Based on the in vitro profile of elagolix metabolism and disposition, 9 drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies evaluating the victim and perpetrator characteristics of elagolix were conducted in 144 healthy volunteers. As a victim of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and transporter‐mediated DDIs, elagolix area under the curve (AUC) increased by ∼2‐fold following coadministration with ketoconazole and by ∼5‐ and ∼2‐fold with single and multiple doses of rifampin, respectively. As a perpetrator, elagolix decreased midazolam AUC (90% confidence interval) by 54% (50%‐59%) and increased digoxin AUC by 32% (23%‐41%). Elagolix decreased rosuvastatin AUC by 40% (29%‐50%). No clinically significant changes in exposure on coadministration with sertraline or fluconazole occurred. A elagolix 150‐mg once‐daily regimen should be limited to 6 months with strong CYP3A inhibitors and rifampin because of the potential increase in bone mineral density loss, as described in the drug label. A 200‐mg twice‐daily regimen is recommended for no more than 1 month with strong CYP3A inhibitors and not recommended with rifampin. Elagolix is contraindicated with strong organic anion transporter polypeptide B1 inhibitors (eg, cyclosporine and gemfibrozil). Consider increasing the doses of midazolam and rosuvastatin when coadministered with elagolix, and individualize therapy based on patient response. Clinical monitoring is recommended for P‐glycoprotein substrates with a narrow therapeutic window (eg, digoxin). Dose adjustments are not required for sertraline, fluconazole, bupropion (or any CYP2B6 substrate), or elagolix when coadministered.
Economic evaluation of M13 bacteriophage production at large‐Scale for therapeutic applications using aqueous Two‐Phase systems
Authors: Torres‐Acosta Mario , González‐Mora Alejandro , Ruiz‐Ruiz Federico , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Benavides Jorge 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacteriophages are bionanoparticles with several applications in different biotechnology‐based products. Among them, vaccines have the potential to treat antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and parasitic infections. Traditional methods for their recovery and purification rely on precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl. However, the applicability of such an approach is limited, due to large‐scale technical constrains. Recently, our research group developed a bacteriophage M13 recovery and purification strategy using Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems (ATPS), simplifying the methodology and, potentially, reducing costs. This work aims to develop an economic contrast between ATPS and the traditional PEG precipitation method at different operation scales (10 to 1000 L bioreactor volume) to determine the applicability of the ATPS methodology at large scale. For this, the effect of ATPS volume ratio (VR), sample loading, and materials discount over production cost were analyzed.RESULTSResults indicate that as the discount on material costs increases, ATPS becomes a more affordable unit operation, from a bioreactor scale of 10 L at 0% discount to 410 L at 90% discount (US$ 52.2 to $1.72 per gram, respectively). Material cost contribution is a parameter that needs attention when working with ATPS, as it is the core for the system construction. Methods for reducing their contribution are highly relevant and should be further investigated.CONCLUSIONEmployment of economic analyses help to discover critical parameters for a bioprocess, such as material costs for ATPS. This economic analysis work serves as a platform for new strategies for the recovery of bacteriophage and bacteriophage‐like particles using ATPS‐based technologies. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)