bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromium Doped Li2RuO3 As a Positive Electrode with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yin 
Published: February 2020

The miniaturization of portable electronic devices and urgent demand for long-range electric vehicles (EVs) drive researchers to seek for advanced lithium ion batteries (LIBs) as power sources with high energy densities. Traditional cathode materials (LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 and their derivatives) with specific capacities less than 200 mA h g-1 are not able to fulfil the challenge. As one of the most promising alternatives, lithium-rich layered oxides (LRLOs) with exceptionally high capacities exceeding 250 mA h g-1 have been attracting extensive research interests for high energy density LIBs during the last decade.1-3 However, intrinsic disadvantages of voltage decay and capacity fade resulting from structural instability hinder practical use of LRLOs. Strategies such as ionic doping and surface engineering have been developed to improve electrochemical performance of LRLOs, but with limited understanding of the origins of their high capacity, voltage decay and capacity fade.
Ru-based LRLOs stand out their counterparts for the good rate performance benefiting from low resistivity of Ru-based compounds. As the major component of Ru-based LRLOs, although Li2RuO3 exhibits large specific capacity and good rate capability, it suffers severely from capacity fade and voltage decay upon prolonged cycling. Herein in this work, for the first time, Cr has been employed as a dopant in Li2RuO3 compound and the correlation between Cr doping and electrochemical performance of Li2RuO3 is investigated. Elemental Cr is selected as dopant for plenty of reasons. Firstly, LiCrO2 possesses a layered structure with R-3m symmetry, which has similar oxygen stacking framework with Li2RuO3 layered structure. Besides, the ionic radius of Cr3+ (0.615 Å) is close to that of Ru4+ (0.62 Å). The similarity in crystal structure and ionic radius guarantees that the structure of Li2RuO3 is not destroyed by Cr doping. Secondly, Cr3+/Cr6+ three-electron redox reaction is electrochemically active which is expected to favor the capacity improvement of Li2RuO3 compound, as lots of literatures reported that Cr-doped Mn-based LRLOs showed enhanced reversible capacity because of the introduction of three-electron redox reaction of Cr3+/Cr6+. Thirdly, Singh and colleagues reported that Cr in the Cr-doped composite Li2MnO3-LiMn0.5Ni0.5O2 acts as a catalyst for the activation of Li2MnO3 component in the electrochemical reaction,4 which makes it reasonable to deduce that Cr activates anionic electrochemistry and thus contributes to capacity improvement. Based on the above considerations, we synthesized Cr-doped Li2RuO3 with different doping degrees (Li2RuO3, Li2Ru0.98Cr0.02O3, Li2Ru0.95Cr0.05O3 and Li2Ru0.9Cr0.1O3, denoted as LRO, LRO-Cr0.02, LRO-Cr0.05 and LRO-Cr0.1, respectively) by high-temperature sintering method. It is shown that with appropriate amount of Cr doping, the capacity, rate performance and cycling stability can be significantly improved for Li2RuO3 compound.

Figure 1
Surface Modification of Mg-Doped P2-Type Na2/3Mn0.65Ni0.2 Co0.15O2 Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wen Yanfen , Sun Shi-Gang 
Published: February 2020

Ambient sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted great attention for large-scale energy storage system due to the concern of the availability and increasing price of lithium resources.[1] Among all the reported Na cathode materials up to date, manganese-based sodium layered transition metal (TM) oxides, such as P2-type Na2/3TMxMn1-xO2 (TM = Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, and mixture of 2 or 3 elements), deliver high reversible capacities and relatively high volumetric density from their compact structural framework.[2] However, the cycle life of the currently developed P2-Na2/3TMxMn1-xO2 is far from the demand of practical application. Current research has shown that Mg doping in layered P2-Na0.67MnO2 is promising in stabilizing the structure and enhancing the electrochemical properties in terms of cycle life and rate performance, yet further enhancement is still necessary.[3] In addition, surface modification has been demonstrated to be effective in protecting the integrity of electrode materials during cycling in lithium layered cathode materials and prolonging the cycling stability; however, its influence is not intensively studied in sodium counterparts.[4] Herein, we synthesized TiO2 coated and Mg doped P2-type Na2/3Mn0.65Ni0.2Co0.15O2 electrode materials and investigated their electrochemical performance and sodium storage mechanism. The preliminary results suggest the cycling stability has been improved by Mg doping. We expect that the sustainable cycling behaviors would be further improved due to the synergistic effects from the composition manipulation of Mg-doping and surface modification of P2-type Na2/3Mn0.65Ni0.2Co0.15O2 in SIBs.

Acknowledgement: The study was supported by NSFC (21621091).

References:

[1] a）H. Yu, Y. Ren, D. Xiao, S. Guo, Y. Zhu, Y. Qian, L. Gu, H. Zhou, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2014, 53, 8963 ; b）N. Yabuuchi, M. Kajiyama, J. Iwatate, H. Nishikawa, S. Hitomi, R. Okuyama, R. Usui, Y. Yamada, S. Komaba, Nat. Mater., 2012, 11, 512; c）H. Pan, Y.-S. Hu, L. Chen, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, 6, 2338.
[2] R. J. Clément, P. G. Bruce, C. P. Grey, J.Electrochem. Soc., 2015, 162, A2589.
[3] a）J. Billaud, G. Singh, A. R. Armstrong, E. Gonzalo, V. Roddatis, M. Armand, T. Rojo, P. G. Bruce, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 1387; b）R. J. Clement, J. Billaud, A. Robert Armstrong, G. Singh, T. Rojo, P. G. Bruce, C. P. Grey, Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, 3240.
[4] a）Y. Chen, Y. Zhang, B. Chen, Z. Wang, C. Lu, J. Power Sources, 2014, 256, 20; b）D. J. Comstock, J. W. Elam, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, 117, 1677; c）B. Song, M. O. Lai, Z. Liu, H. Liu, L. Lu, J. Mater. Chem.A, 2013, 1, 9954; d）S. Kalluri, M. Yoon, M. Jo, H. K. Liu, S. X. Dou, J. Cho, Z. Guo, Adv. Mater., 2017, n/a; e）Y. Liu, X. Fang, A. Zhang, C. Shen, Q. Liu, H. A. Enaya, C. Zhou, Nano Energy, 2016, 27, 27; f）K. Kaliyappan, J. Liu, B. Xiao, A. Lushington, R. Li, T.-K. Sham, X. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2017, n/a.
Manipulating Protein Configuration for High-Performance Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Fu Xuewei , Li Chunhui , Jewel Yead , Wang Yu , Liu Jin , Zhong Weihong 
Published: February 2020

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are well known for their excellent mechanical properties and high safety. It will be significant to develop advanced SPEs for substituting currently used organic liquid electrolytes. However, determined by their ion-transport coupled with mobility of polymer segments, SPEs usually exhibit low ionic conductivity (10-8 ~ 10-6 S/cm) at room temperature, which severely limits their practical applications. Thus far, efforts on enhancing the ionic conductivity of SPEs have been primarily focusing on reducing crystallinity degree of the polymer hosts via introducing plasticizers, advanced nanofillers, other polymers, etc. while there have not existed effective ways to the control of the ion-transport pathways inside the SPEs.
In our work, we discovered that by manipulating the configuration of denatured soy protein, the transportation of Li+ can be significantly promoted, which is of great interest for fabricating high-performance SPEs. Via carefully controlling critical factors, including denaturation of soy protein, loading level of lithium salt and temperature for the evaporation process of the electrolyte preparation, a protein-based solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity (ca. 10-5 S/cm at room temperature) and modulus (ca. 1 GPa) was achieved, which has never been realized in any conventional SPEs. Meanwhile, the soy-protein-based SPE presents high lithium ion transference number of ca. 0.94. Molecular dynamic simulation results indicate that evaporation temperature for electrolyte preparation plays a critical role in controlling the configuration of protein. As a result, a more flexible protein configuration allows strong interactions between anions of lithium salts with the backbone oxygen and negative charge side groups of protein to form anion clusters that can facilitate the transportation of Li+. It is therefore speculated that this unique ion-transport mechanism is ceramic-like and is decoupled with mobility of protein chains.
In addition, by introducing ceramic nanoparticles into denaturation of soy protein, the configuration of the protein was dramatically changed to result in a type of highly efficient nanofiller that enables fast ion-transport. A composite polymer electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loaded with such hybrid nanofillers shows one order of magnitude improvement in ionic conductivity at room temperature, as compared with the one with untreated nanofillers. Moreover, the composite polymer electrolyte was demonstrated improved mechanical properties, and importantly improved adhesion properties that greatly benefit interfacial properties with the electrodes. The studies may open a new avenue for developing high-performance SPEs with promoted ion-transport by manipulating the configuration of the protein.
In Situ Mass Spectrometry Studies of Gas Evolution Reactions During Cell Cycling in Aqueous Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Uddin Jasim , Addison Dan , Wang Chunsheng , Xu Kang 
Published: February 2020

In terms of safety, toxicity, cost and manufacturing simplicity, lithium ion batteries with aqueous electrolytes offer significant advantages over their non-aqueous counterparts. Despite these advantages, a low thermodynamic stability window of water (1.23 V, 2.62 V to 3.85 V vs. Li+/Li at pH 7) yields a low cell voltage, hence a low energy density system as compared to state-of-the-art non-aqueous Li-ion batteries. However, recent ‘water in salt’ (WiS),1 ‘water in bisalt’ (WiBS)2 and ‘hydrate melt’3 electrolytes widen the electrochemical stability window of water from 1.23V to >3.0V (~1.8 V to 5.0 V vs. Li+/Li), which results an energy density >100 Wh/kg when coupled a S-anode to a LiMn2O4 cathode.4 While these reports highlight impressive overall cell performances,1-4 gas evolution analyses of H2 at anode via HER and O2 at cathode via OER, or any other gas producing parasitic reaction, e.g. Li2S + 2H2O → H2S + 2LiOH @ S-anode, are not adequately addressed. At Liox, we anticipate that H2 and O2 generation from water electrolysis, or any other gas generating parasitic reaction would be detrimental to overall cell performance, and severely limit their ability to be practical and safe energy storage systems. To validate this conjecture, we have designed a special hermetically sealed Swagelok cell with known volume, comprising a high precision pressure sensor (Omega) and a three way Valco valve which can easily be connected to a high resolution mass spectrometer for qualitative and quantitative - in situ or ex situ - analysis of evolved gases during cell operation. We have tested a number of cathode and anode active materials – such as LFP, LMO, NMC, NCA, LCO, S, LTO, C-TiO2, etc. in the hermetically sealed cell. To study the cathode and anode separately, we assembled a series of symmetric cells; either cathode/cathode for OER or anode/anode for HER, and cycled them to monitor pressure changes, and identify and quantify the evolved gases by high precision RGA mass spectrometer. In this presentation, a series of symmetric and full-cell cycling data (>300 cycles) to discern gas evolving parasitic side reactions, pressure changes during cell operation, in situ and ex situ mass spectrometric analysis of evolved gases will be discussed.
References:

Suo, O. Borodin, T. Gao, M. Olguin, J. Ho, X. Fan, C. Luo, C. Wang, K. Xu, Science
350, 938 (2015).

Suo, O. Borodin, W. Sun, X. Fan, C. Yang, F. Wang, T. Gao, Z. Ma, M. Schroeder, A.V. Cresce, S. M. Russell, M. Armand, A. Angell, K. Xu; C. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
55, 7136 (2016).

Yamada, K. Usui, K. Sodeyama, S. Ko, Y. Tateyama, Nature Energy
1, 16129 (2016)

Yang, L. Suo, O. Borodin, F. Wang, W. Sun, T. Gao, X. Fan, S. Hou, Z. Ma, K. Amine., K. Xu, C. Wang, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
114, 6197 (2017).
Enabling High Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Hard Carbon By a Pre-Lithiation Treatment for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Xiao Biwei , Engelhard Mark H , Reed David , Sprenkle Vincent , Li Xiaolin 
Published: February 2020

Hard carbon (HC) has been found to be an important anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) since graphite does not allow for the intercalation of sodium ions with a large size. While competitive capacity has been achieved using HC, the performance is still plagued by the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), which stems from the electrolyte decomposition that forms a thick solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and irreversibly trapped Na ions within the nano-pores. This defect becomes particularly profound when tested in full cell since the amount of Na is very limited.
In this study, we have systematically compared the performance of HC in carbonate and ether electrolytes and found that ether electrolyte demonstrates competitive performance with conventional carbonate at room temperature and significantly improved performance at -20 oC. The advantage of limited SEI from ether electrolyte also enabled a pre-lithiation treatment on the HC electrode using stabilized lithium metal powder (SLMP) to boost the initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) to above 90% while maintaining the high capacity and good cycling stability. When coupled with Na3V2(PO4)3, the full cell with pre-lithiated HC demonstrates significantly improved ICE, cycling stability and capacity compared to pristine HC. Systematic characterizations and theoretical modelling have been performed to understand the effect of SLMP on the SEIs formed in different electrolytes. This work has provided a novel method to obtain high-performance SIBs with HC as the anode material.
Using in-Situ Neutron Reflectivity to Probe Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation As a Function of Polymer Binder on Si-Anodes
Authors: Browning Katie L , Browning James F , Veith Gabriel M. 
Published: February 2020

Polymer binders play a critical role in the fabrication of composite electrodes. This is particularly true for silicon electrode materials where due to the large volume expansion during cycling a mechanically robust binder is needed to minimize Si pulverization and prevent electronic isolation. Currently, the most widely used binder is polyacrylic acid (PAA); however, there is very little knowledge of the effect any polymer binder has on the formation and composition of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work we report on the formation and growth of the SEI layer as probed with in situ neutron reflectivity. We also explore the effect of adding an electronically conductive binder, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on SEI formation on thin film Si anodes. In addition to the in situ reflectivity measurements at open circuit voltage and as a function of the state of charge, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared spectroscopy studies were used to study the elemental composition of the SEI layer formed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was also performed to better understand how the Li-ion is transported through the polymer layer into the Si.
Acknowledgement: This research was supported by the Vehicle Technologies Office, Hybrid Electric Systems Program, David Howell (Manager), Battery R&D, Brian Cunningham and Peter Faguy (Technology Managers), at the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Neutron reflectometry measurements were carried out on the Liquids Reflectometer at the Spallation Neutron Source which is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of ZnO Nanotube Materials
Authors: Kim Han-Seul , Kim Jae-Hun 
Published: February 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the widely used metal oxide materials in industry. It is cheap and chemically stable. In addition, it has a wide bandgap (3.37 eV) and a high binding energy in a crystalline state (60 meV), which ensure efficient exciton emission. Based on these characteristics, ZnO has been applied from traditional industry such as white pigment and sunscreen to high technology industry that includes semiconductors, optical materials, conductive films, solar cells, biosensors, and light emitting diodes.
Nanostructured ZnO materials can be synthesized by various methods such as hydrothermal, vapor deposition, and vapor-liquid-solid processes. The shapes of the nanostructure are rod, wire, tube, ring, spring, sheet, propeller, etc. These various nanostructures can be beneficial for enabling fast electronic and ionic transport in electrochemical energy storage device applications such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors. However, the low electronic conductivity of ZnO is still a problem when it is used as electrode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries.
In the present work, carbon coated ZnO nanotube materials were formed by a simple one-pot synthesis method. Conventional ZnO nanotube structures have been synthesized by relatively complex methods and have usually grown on the substrates. Here, free-standing ZnO nanorod materials were prepared by a hydrothermal process and then they were transformed into nanotubes with simultaneous carbon-coating during annealing process. The ZnO nanotube structure is suitable for alleviating volume changes for Li insertion and extraction during cycling and carbon coating enables fast electronic transport with a buffering effect for volume changes of the active materials.
Ruthenium Bromide for High Efficiency Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Lee Seon-Hwa , Sun Yang-Kook 
Published: February 2020

A suitable bifunctional soluble catalyst is needed to increase the efficiency of Li-O2 batteries.1-3 We anticipated that the ruthenium ion, dissolved in the electrolyte, will not only overcome the disadvantages of solid phase catalysts, but also reduce the overpotential for both charge and discharge. This is possible due to the suitable redox potential of the ruthenium ion, which effectively reduced the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential, and the affinity between the ruthenium ion and oxygen, which facilitated the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and suppressed the degradation of the cathode. we propose a new soluble catalyst, ruthenium bromide, for Li–O2 batteries. The battery using ruthenium bromide clearly exhibited enhanced cycling performance, increasing round-trip efficiency (from 68.2% to 80.5%) and rate capability. A new understanding and application of the soluble rutheniumcatalyst, which is commonly used as a solid catalyst, will not only overcome the existing problems but also provide a promising platform for Li–O2 batteries.
Reference

Grande, E. Paillard, J. Hassoun, J.-B. Park, Y.-J. Lee, Y.-K. Sun, S. Passerini and B. Scrosati, Adv. Mater., 2015, 27, 784.

H. Lee, J.-B. Park, H.-S. Lim, and Y.-K. Sun, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 1602417

-J. Kwak, H.-G. Jung, S.-H. Lee, J.-B. Park, D. Aurbach and Y.-K. Sun, J. Power Sources, 2016, 311, 49.
A Polyimide Based on 3,4,9,10-Perlenetetracrboxylic Dianhydride(PTCDA) As High Performance Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Gu Tiantian , Zhou Min , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai 
Published: February 2020

Sodium ion batteries have attracted aroused attention as a novel kind of energy storage technology, due to its abundant resources, low cost and environmental friendliness. Similar to LIBs, an overwhelming majority of host materials developed so far for SIBs are based on transition-metal compounds, which have serious cost and negative environmental impacts on battery applications. In contrast, redox-active organic materials have competitive advantages of low cost，resource sustainability and structural diversity, being an ideal candidate for promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications1. In this study, A Polyimide composite synthesized from 3,4,9,10-perlenetetracrboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and phenylene diamine (PDA) was investigated as a cathode materials for non-aqueous Na-ion batteries2. The polymer was synthesized via a facile dehydration condensation reaction in quinoline as shown in Figure 1a. And this composite demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 99.6 mAh g-1 at potential of 2.2 V (vs Na+/Na), showing a great potential as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries (Figure 1b and 1c ).
1.Zhang, Y.,Wang, J.,Riduan, S. N. J. Mater. Chem. A, 39 14902 (2016)
2.Song, Z.,Zhan, H.,Zhou, Y. Angewandte Chemie, 49 (45): 8444-8.(2010)

Figure 1
P2-Type Layered Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Rechargeable Batteries with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency
Authors: Eom Ji-Yong , Kim Seong In , Yoo Seung-Eul 
Published: February 2020

Sodium-ion rechargeable batteries (SIBs) have attracted great attention as promising next-generation rechargeable batteries, especially for large-scale energy storage systems (ESS), owing to the natural abundance of Na resources and the similarities in their chemical structure and reaction mechanism to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Thus, enormous efforts have been made to improve the electrochemical performance of SIBs through the development of novel cathode materials.
According to the previous literatures, P2-type layered cathode materials for SIBs have suffered from their low initial coulombic efficiency, which inevitably requires the pre-sodiation of carbon anode materials under full cell systems. In this regard, we focused on how to increase their initial charge capacity with sacrificial salts in the level of electrode fabrication. Actually, the suppression of irreversible capacity of P2-type layered cathode materials are challenging without specific electrode design.
Thus, in the present study, we suggest new electrode fabrication process with sacrificial salts (i.e. NaN3) to reduce the high initial irreversible capacity of P2-type layered cathode materials for SIBs.
Effects of Surface Treatments of Lithium Metal for All Solid Lithium Batteries
Authors: Park Sang Jun , Kim Min-Young , Kim Da-Hye , Jung Ha-Young , Ryu Hye-Min , Ban Hee-Jung , Kim Yoong-Ahm , Kim Ho-Sung 
Published: February 2020

Recently, all solid lithium batteries have been studied for a solution of safety problem in EV and ESS applications. The batteries are composed of cathode, solid electrolyte and lithium metal as anode. In here, lithium dendrite and dead lithium were formed on the surface of lithium electrode during charge and discharge cycling, resulting in the rapid degradation of battery capacity.
In order to improve the above problems in all solid lithium batteries, interface layer, which is made of graphite-based thin composite film, was introduced between solid electrolyte and lithium metal. The interface layer showed a great improvement of cycling performance of all solid lithium battery. Furthermore, it was possible to reduce the thickness of lithium metal due to the reduction of lithium consumption during the charge and discharge cycling.