bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formindskede bøger i jødisk religion
Authors: Schleicher Marianne 
Published: May 2020

English abstract: The size of religious books matters to how religion and religiosity has been mediated up through history, not only the history of religion, but also the history of the book. The purpose of this article is to offer a functional approach to how size, especially small size, comes to matter in religious medialization. To be able to treat miniaturized books as a religious phenomenon, the article offers a comparative, brief trajectory of developments in book formats and writing/typing techniques that detects a development towards smallness. From here, it proceeds to analyzing and reflecting on miniaturized religious books in Judaism. It goes into details with the functional aspects in the use of community rules, prayer books, Book of Psalms, haggadot shel pesach, Purim-scrolls, Hebrew Bibles and Torot. The article conjoins the author’s own distinction between the hermeneutical and artifactual use of scripture with theoretical­ reflections by Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jonathan Z. Smith, Danièle Dehouve, Steven J. Gores, and Ian Reader. This platform has explanatory potential with regard to explaining how the small size of religious books in Jewish religion has come to matter to the medialization of religion and religiosity.
Dansk resume: Religiøse bøgers størrelse har betydning for, hvordan jødisk religion og jøders religiøsitet er blevet medieret op gennem historien – ikke kun religionshistorien, men også boghistorien. Artiklens formål er at tilbyde en funktionel forklaring af, hvilken betydning størrelsen, især liden størrelse, har for denne mediering. For at sikre at formindskede bøger behandles som et religiøst fænomen, tager artiklen afsæt i en komparativ, kort redegørelse for udvikling i bogformater og skrive-/printteknikker for at analysere og reflektere over formindskede, religiøse bøger i jødedommen. Særligt gennemgås funktionelle aspekter ved brugen af menighedsregler, bønnebøger, udgaver af Salmernes Bog, påske-aggadot, Purim-ruller, hebræiske bibler og Torahruller. Teoretisk sammenstilles forfatterens egen skelnen mellem hermeneutisk og artefaktisk helligtekstbrug med overvejelser hos Claude Lévi-Strauss, Jonathan Z. Smith, Danièle Dehouve, Steven J. Gores og Ian Reader. Den sammenstilling muliggør en forklaring af måden, hvorpå religiøse bøgers størrelse er af betydning for mediering af religion og religiøsitet.
But If It’s Not Music, What Is It? Defining Interstitial Artistic Practices
Authors: Canonne Clément , Fryberger Annelies 
Published: May 2020

We often think of art as structured in art worlds. But what lies between art worlds? Do we find spaces of undefined practices, or are interstitial practices also clearly defined? For this text, we interviewed 11 French artists with sound-based practices who situate themselves in the spaces where music overlaps with the visual arts, instrument building, performance art, and poetry. How do these artists define themselves, given that the available labels do not satisfy them? How do they actually use established categories when they do not want to make their artistic practice conform to them? Three positioning strategies came up recurrently in our interviews: so-called negative, additive, and generic definitional strategies. We show here that each of these definitional strategies implies related artistic choices, which make it possible for these artists to both legitimize their sense of belonging to an interstitial space and to use this belonging as a powerful means to develop a unique identity. Beyond a simple, sometimes superficial, refusal to be labeled, the strategies we identify appear to be the true markers of “interstitial” artists and their careers within and around art worlds.
La lampe de Galeswinthe
Authors: Pradeau Christophe 
Published: May 2020

Proust a placé au centre de Combray le tombeau d’une princesse goth, Galeswinthe, l’une des figures les plus mémorables des Récits des temps mérovingiens d’Augustin Thierry, historien qui fut l’« écrivain préféré » du futur romancier autour de sa quinzième année. La pierre tombale de la princesse est marquée d’une « profonde valve » dont la forme évoque très explicitement celle de la petite Madeleine, l’emblème le plus fameux de la mémoire involontaire, analogie qui invite à les mettre en relation, à les réunir comme les deux parties d’un symbole, ou à voir en l’une la matrice de l’autre. Nous faisons l’hypothèse, en rapprochant le roman proustien d’un autre roman de la mémoire, les Châteaux en enfance (1945) de Catherine Colomb, que ce dispositif invite à réfléchir aux enjeux du souvenir de lecture, et, plus largement, aux enjeux de la conception proustienne de la lecture, lecture que Proust n’a eu de cesse d’envisager depuis l’expérience de la séparation.
Béton et utopie avant 1914 : architecture et « moule social »
Authors: Baridon Laurent 
Published: May 2020

The utopian reformers of the nineteenth century, while they describe houses and towns, seem to have mistrusted the architects who hoped to materialize them. Those who did try were either ostracized or blamed for the repeated failures of the projects. This can be explained by the misunderstandings that were bound to appear between the ambiguities of utopian thought and the positive, heuristic character of architectural design. The problem raised by the actual building of edifices was ignored by the utopians, while the architects and the urbanists saw it as a sine qua non.
Victor Considérant, by coining the concept of feasibility (“réalisabilité”), opened the way to the construction of J.B.A. Godin’s Familistère. To attain “harmony,” the architect had to conceive a “social mould,” as Victor Calland said, which was to modify human beings biologically. Concrete, a building material popularized by François Coignet, a disciple of Fourier’s, embodied this new hope founded on architecture. Inexpensive and malleable, it seemed suitable for the building of edifices whose organic character was designed to promote the transformation of the individual and of the society striving for perfection.
Mirror Reflections: Robert Smithson’s Dialectical Concept of Space
Authors: Stückelberger Johannes 
Published: May 2020

Cet essai analyse le concept de l’espace dans l’oeuvre de l’artiste américain Robert Smithson (1938–73). La discussion porte principalement sur ses oeuvres avec miroirs. J’avance que Smithson a utilisé des miroirs pour en arriver à une perception « polyperspectiviste » de la réalité, laquelle correspondait à son concept dialectique de l’espace. Pour Smithson, l’espace apparaît dans la dialectique du site et du nonsite, dans l’aller et retour entre centre et périphérie, paysage naturel et industriel, réalité et fiction, histoire et temps présent, ordre et chaos. Son oeuvre avec miroirs lui a permis d’aborder ces aspects irrationnels, mystérieux et ouverts qui appartiennent à tout site et qui, en même temps, lui mérite un non-site. Smithson estimait que le site et le non-site ne sauraient être séparés, se renvoyant l’un à l’autre comme un miroir et sa réflexion.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Organisms Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Mango in Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Haruna Aishatu , Jika Fadimatu A. , Jada Mahmud Y. , Ishaku Gali A. 
Published: May 2020

Some mango fruits marketed in Yola and environs show some anthracnose diseases symptoms.
Aims: Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify fungal organisms associated with Anthracnose disease of mango in Yola, Adamawa state, Northeastern Nigeria and to test their pathogenicity.
Study Design: Laboratory based controlled experiment.
Methodology: Naturally anthracnose infected mango fruits and leaves were purposely sampled from different home gardens, farms, and markets in Yola. The symptomatic plant parts were immediately taken to the laboratory for direct isolation, characterization, identification and pathogenicity testing of fungal isolates.
Results: A total of 19 fungal colonies were obtained from the anthracnose infected mango fruits and leaves. Based on similarity of morphological features (colony colour, texture presence of septate mycelia or not, spore shape and number of septa), fungal colonies were grouped into 3 species and were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae. C. gloeosporioides had the highest percentage (66.7%) (77.8%) frequency of occurrence in infected fruits and leaves respectively, compared to A. niger which recorded 11.1% and 20.0% and R. oryzae with 22.2% and 10%. Pathogenicity test revealed only C. gloeosporioides was found pathogenic while the remaining two; A. niger and R. oryzae were non-pathogenic.
Conclusion: Findings of this study has indicated that C. gloeosporioides is the etiological agent of anthracnose of mango in the area.
Socio Economics Profile of Chilli Growers in District Baramulla (J&K)
Authors: Peer Quadri Javeed Ahmad , Aziz Tariq , Rashid Irfath , Kumar Sushil , Khan Sheema 
Published: May 2020

The study was carried out during 2018-2019 to know the socio-economic status of the chilli growers, marketing of chilli and constraints faced by the chilli growers in district Baramulla. A sample size of 50 chilli growers was selected randomly from 5 villages of agricultural zone Nehalpora of district Baramulla. The study reveals that majority (60%) of the respondents were in the age group (35-53 yrs). It was found that 30 per cent of the respondents were illiterate. About 45% of the respondents were having farming as the main occupation. As far as annual income is concerned, major source of income of the growers was from agriculture (72 lakhs), followed by horticulture (39.70 lakhs) and vegetables (3.23 lakhs). About 45% of the area was irrigated in the village, 40.87% under orchards, 9.48% under chilli. Majority of the growers used television (74%) regularly as a source of mass media followed by other means of media like internet (30%). Majority (84%) of the growers had occasional extension contacts. About 56 per cent of the respondents were having medium level of scientific orientation followed by low (30%) and high (14%). As far as the marketing of the chilli is concerned, majority of the growers (56%) sold their crop in local market while only (44%) of the growers sold their crop at a distant market. The reason might be that the growers preferred their local market rather than going for distant places because of the less time available. The major resource constraints in chilli production technology as mentioned by the respondents were unavailability of improved seeds of vegetables (90%) high cost of pesticides (70%), scattered and small size land holdings (60%) and lack of irrigation facilities (40%) Poor marketing facilities (80%), distantly located markets (30%), bad condition of roads (90%), non-remunerative prices (84%) and lack of transportation facilities and high transportation charges (18%) were the major marketing constraints. 90 per cent of the farmers had a constraint of Lack of training on scientific vegetable production technology and Non-availability of facilities of soil testing (80% ), while as 40 per cent had mentioned Lack of knowledge about improved varieties, seed rate and sowing time as other constraint faced.
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. F. as a Potential Anti-COVID-19 Plant: A Mini-review of Its Antiviral Activity
Authors: Mpiana Pius T. , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Tshibangu Damien S. T. , Kilembe Jason T. , Gbolo Benjamin Z. , Mwanangombo Domaine T. , Inkoto Clement L. , Lengbiye Emmanuel M. , Mbadiko Clement M. , Matondo Aristote , Bongo Gedeon N. , Tshilanda Dorothée D. 
Published: May 2020

Aims: A novel β-coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has become a pandemic affecting hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Since there is no effective treatment, the need of finding alternative methods which can help to curb this pandemic is urgent. This study aims to review the literature on the virucidal and cytotoxic properties of Aloe vera, one of the most studied plants considered as a nutraceutical in order to propose it as an alternative solution against COVID-19.
Methodology: The literature review was based mainly on the COVID-19 resources that have been made freely available to the scientific community but also on the usual databases such as Pubmed and Google scholar.
Results: The literature review shows that the plant has antiviral activity on several types of virus (Haemorrhagic Viral Rhobdavirus Septicaemia, Herpes simplex virus type 1, Herpes simplex virus type 2, Varicella-Zoster virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Influenza virus, poliovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Human papillomavirus) including coronavirus SARS-CoV-1. The plant is consumed orally in several forms and is safe. It is possible that molecules of this plant that have already shown effectiveness on other viruses by some mechanisms such as interaction of virus enzyme, breakdown of the viral envelope etc. could participate in the action of the plant. Also, the presence of minerals such as Zinc, which have shown an effect on SARS-CoV-1, could be involved in the antiviral effect of Aloe vera.
Conclusion: Molecular docking of the main molecules of Aloe vera with SARS-CoV-2 protease is in progress and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the activity of Aloe vera on COVID-19.
Effect of Citric Acid Treatment and Fermentation on the Chemical Composition of African Yam Bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) and Sensory Evaluation of Its Gruel
Authors: Aburime Lilian C. , Ene-Obong Henrietta, N. , David-Oku Essien 
Published: May 2020

Aims: Legumes, (especially indigenous/ underutilized legumes), have been found to make substantial contributions to nutrient intakes of the populace especially in low resources environments. The African yam bean (AYB) is one of such indigenous legumes with utilization constraints such as hard-to-cook phenomenon, beany flavour, bitter taste and some anti- nutritional factors that limit its utilization. The aims of this study were to determine effect of citric acid treatment and fermentation on the chemical composition of African yam bean (Sphenostylisstenocarpa) and sensory evaluation of its gruel.
Methodology: Cream coloured AYB seeds were purchased in Enugu, Enugu State Nigeria. Sorted AYB seeds were washed and fermented in citric acid medium (0.25%, 0.5% and 1%) for 24 h 48 h and 72 h at room temperature (28°C) in a seed water ratio of 1:4 (w/v). The control seeds were fermented without citric acid for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. After fermentation, each batch of the fermented seeds was divided into two. The first half was dehulled and the other half was left as whole. The fermented seeds were separately dried and milled into flour for further use. Standard methods were used for proximate, mineral and anti-nutrient analyses. Gruels were produced from all the flours and subjected to sensory evaluations using a nine-point hedonic scale. Data obtained were analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compute the mean and standard deviations. Means were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) and significance accepted at P<.05.
Results: Chemical compositions of AYB flour fermented in 0.5% citric acid solution showed that protein contents increased by 50%, dietary fibre decreased by 0.02%. Raffinose, stachyose, lectins, trypsin inhibitors, tannins, oxalates, phytates and saponins were all significantly reduced to safe levels. Gruels made from raw and dehulled AYB seeds fermented for 24 h with 0.5% citric acid had higher scores for aroma (7.30 & 7.35, respectively) and general acceptability (7.32 & 7.22, respectively). Dehulled AYB fermented for 24 h in 1% citric acid had the highest score (7.99) for colour. Based on the sensory evaluation results, gruels made from the AYB seeds fermented in 0.5% citric acid compared with the gruels made from AYB seeds that were fermented in tap water. The results showed that gruels made from the AYB seeds that were fermented in 0.5% citric acid for 24 h had higher score for aroma (7.70), colour (7.10) and overall acceptability (7.52). Utilization of AYB in food formulation could be improved by fermenting in 0.5% citric acid solution for 24 h.
Antibacterial Activity of Honey on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Wounds
Authors: Usanga V. U. , Elom M. O. , Umoh N. O. , Nworie A. , Ukwah B. N. , Kalu M. E. , Azi S. O. 
Published: May 2020

Aim: To assess the antibacterial activity of crude honey obtained from Ishielu Local Government of Ebonyi State on pathogenic bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus pyogenes) isolated from wounds.
Study Design: An experimental study which involved a random selection of patients with wound
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria, between February 2019 and November 2019.
Methodology: A total of 50 samples of wound swabs collected from different sites of open wounds were cultured on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar. The crude honey was diluted to concentrations ranging from 20% to 100% and the antibacterial activity was carried out by well diffusion method with augmentin used as a control.
Result: Out of the 50 samples, 43 showed growth of bacterial species isolated, identified and confirmed using standard bacteriological techniques. Staphylococcus aureus (60.5%) was the most frequent isolates, followed by Escherichia coli (27.9%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (11.6%). All the tested bacterial isolates were susceptible to the honey and the number of isolates as well as the diameter of zone of inhibition was positively linearly correlated with increasing concentration of the honey (p= 0.00). At 100% honey, 22 (22.25±0.46 mm) out of 26 Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible as against 8 (4.62±0.31 mm) at 20% honey. The number of Escherichia coli inhibited at 20% honey was 2 (1.96±0.04 mm) out of 12 isolated and at 100%, 7 (19.17±0.31 mm) were inhibited. At 20% honey, no Streptococcus pyogenes was inhibited and at 100%, 4 (21.84±0.15 mm) out of 5 isolated were inhibited.
Conclusion: Locally produced crude honey may be used as a source of an effective antibacterial agent for wound management.
Association between Demographic Profile, Type of School and Dental Appearance Affecting Choice of Spouse among Undergraduates in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Okeke Azubuike C. , Onyejaka Nneka K. , Folaranmi Nkiruka 
Published: May 2020

Background: Aspects of life such as social interactions and choice of partners can be influenced by human appearance. This study identified the effect of dental appearance on the choice of spouse among undergraduate students in Enugu.
Study Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was at Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy and Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria. The study lasted for 3 months.
Methodology: 402 final year students were recruited for the study but 4(1.0%) submitted incompletely filled questionnaires while 398(99.0%) submitted completely filled questionnaires. The mean age was 22.0± 2.24 years. More females 235(59.0%) than males 163(41.0%) participated in the study. Many were attending dental school 253(63.6%) while 145(36.4%) were attending non dental schools. All 379(95.2%) students who wished to get married believed that dental appearance can influence the choice of spouse. There was significant association between sex (P<0.001) and wish to get married and type of school (P=0.001) and dental appearance affecting choice of spouse.
Conclusion: Many of the study participants wished to get married. Those attending dental school will consider dental appearance when making choice of a spouse and scattered teeth will affect the choice of spouse most negatively.
Targeting Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates Using Superselective Binding Scaffolds
Authors: Tommasone Stefano , Tagger Yazmin K. , Mendes Paula M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecognition of oligosaccharides is associated with very limited specificity due to their strong solvation in water and the high degree of subtle structural variations between them. Here, oligosaccharide recognition sites are created on material surfaces with unmatched, binary on–off binding behavior, sharply discriminating a target oligosaccharide over closely related carbohydrate structures. The basis for the superselective binding behavior relies on the highly efficient generation of a pure, high order complex of the oligosaccharide target with synthetic carbohydrate receptor sites, in which the spatial arrangement of the multiple receptors in the complex is preserved upon material surface incorporation. The synthetic binding scaffolds can easily be tailored to recognize different oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, opening up a realm of possibilities for their use in a wide field of applications, ranging from life sciences to diagnostics.
Evaluation of the expression of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts in the stroma of gastric cancer tissue
Authors: Minami Taizan , Aoyagi Keishiro , Kawahara Akihiko , Murakami Naotaka , Isobe Taro , Tanaka Yuya , Kaku Hideaki , Fujita Fumihiko , Akagi Yoshito 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) generated by bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) play an important role in cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the relationships of BM‐MSCs and CAFs in resected gastric cancers with the clinicopathological factors of patients.MethodsWe analyzed 120 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy. Immunostaining was performed with an anti‐CD271 antibody (BM‐MSCs) and anti‐α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) antibody (CAFs). Staining intensity was used to divide patients into low and high expression groups. Observation sites in cancer tissues were invasive, central, and whole portions.ResultsExpression of αSMA was significantly related to depth of tumor invasion (T), lymph node metastasis (N), lymphatic invasion (ly), venous invasion (v), and stage. Expression of CD271 was significantly related to v, stage, stromal volume, and tumor infiltration pattern (INF). Overall survival (OS) of the high expression group was significantly lower than that of the low expression group for both αSMA and CD271. Multivariate analysis showed that N, αSMA (whole), and CD271 (invasive) were independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsCancer‐associated fibroblasts and BM‐MSCs are related to the progression, invasion, and prognosis of gastric cancer and may be therapeutic targets of gastric cancer.
Reoperative aortic valve replacement in the era of valve‐in‐valve procedures
Authors: Kaneyuki Daisuke , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Otsu Masayoshi , Yamamoto Hiroaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests that the choice between valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation and reoperative aortic valve replacement should be based on multiple factors.
PROTOCOL: When and how to replicate systematic reviews
Authors: Karunananthan Sathya , Maxwell Lara J. , Welch Vivian , Petkovic Jennifer , Pardo Jordi Pardo , Rader Tamara , Avey Marc T. , Baptiste‐Ngobi John , Batista Ricardo , Curran Janet A. , Ghogomu Elizabeth Tanjong , Graham Ian D. , Grimshaw Jeremy M. , Ioannidis John PA. , Jordan Zoe , Jull Janet , Lyddiatt Anne , Moher David , Petticrew Mark , Pottie Kevin , Rada Gabriel , Shamseer Larissa , Shea Beverley , Siontis Konstantinos C. , Tschirhart Naomi , Vachon Brigitte , Wells George A. , White Howard , Tugwell Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis is a protocol for a co‐registered Cochrane and Campbell Review (Methodology). The objectives are as follows: To identify, describe and assess methods for: when to replicate a systematic review; how to replicate a systematic review.