bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Risk Pregnancies and Their Impact on Neonatal Primary Hemostasis
Authors: Politou Marianna , Mougiou Vasiliki , Kollia Maria , Sokou Rozeta , Kafalidis Georgios , Iliodromiti Zoi , Valsami Serena , Boutsikou Theodora , Iacovidou Nicoletta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPrimary hemostasis, similar to other systems in the adjusting and transitioning neonate, undergoes developmental adaptations in the first days of life. Although platelets of neonates do not differ quantitatively compared with those of adults, they functionally present with major differences, thus supporting the theory of a “hypofunctional” phenotype that is counterbalanced by high hematocrit and more potent von Willebrand factor multimers. No clinical effect of bleeding tendency has hence been established so far for healthy term neonates. However, discrepancies in functionality have been noted, associated with gestational age, with more pronounced platelet hyporesponsiveness in preterm neonates. Multiple methods of in vitro platelet function evaluation such as PFA-100/200, platelet aggregometry, flow cytometry, and cone and platelet analyzer have been used for assessment of neonatal primary hemostasis. Several pregnancies are characterized as “high-risk” when risk factors preexist in maternal history or evolve during pregnancy. These pregnancies require specialized observation as they may have unpredictable outcome. High-risk pregnancies include clinical entities such as preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced smoking during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), autoimmune diseases, and other maternal hematological conditions. In some cases, like systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and maternal immunologically based thrombocytopenia, neonatal thrombocytopenia is regarded as a prominent hemostasis defect, while in others, like pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, both quantitative and qualitative disorders of neonatal platelets have been reported. In other pathologies, like GDM, neonatal primary hemostasis remains vastly unexplored, which raises the need for further investigation. The extent to which primary hemostasis is affected in neonates of high-risk pregnancies is the main objective of this narrative review.
The Association of Paternal Race and Ethnicity with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Contemporary U.S. Cohort
Authors: Palatnik Anna , Garacci Emma , Walker Rebekah J. , Ozieh Mukoso N. , Williams Joni S. , Egede Leonard E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective Maternal racial and ethnic disparities exist in obstetric outcomes. The contribution of paternal race and ethnicity toward obstetric outcomes has been less well documented. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between paternal race and ethnicity and several adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort of birth data from the CDC National Vital Statistics, years 2013—2017. All singleton live births were included in the analysis. Records with missing paternal race and ethnicity were excluded. The primary dependent variables were the following adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, preterm birth <37 weeks, cesarean delivery, low birth weight <2,500 g, 5-minute Apgar's score <7, admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and assisted ventilation at > 6 hours of life. The main exposure was paternal race and ethnicity, which was grouped into non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other. Other race and ethnicity category included: American Indian, Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, or other Pacific Islander. Univariable and multivariable analyses were done to determine whether paternal race and ethnicity was independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Results A total of 16,482,745 births were included. In univariable analysis, all adverse obstetric outcomes were significantly associated with paternal race and ethnicity. In multivariable analysis, controlling for maternal and paternal demographic characteristics and maternal clinical factors, paternal race and ethnicity remained significantly associated with the majority of the adverse pregnancy outcomes. The strongest association was seen with: (1) paternal non-Hispanic black race and ethnicity, and higher rates of LBW and preterm birth (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.24–1.27 and OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.13–1.15, respectively); (2) paternal Hispanic race and ethnicity and lower rates of 5-minute Apgar's score <7, and assisted ventilation at >6 hours of life (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.77–0.79, and OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75–0.78, respectively); and (3) other paternal race and ethnicity and higher rates of gestational diabetes, but lower rates of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and assisted ventilation >6 hours of life (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.25–1.27; OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78–0.80; and OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.78–0.82, respectively). All associations were in comparison to paternal non-Hispanic white race and ethnicity.
Conclusion Paternal race and ethnicity has an independent association with adverse obstetric outcomes. The pathway and the extent of the paternal racial influence are not fully understood and deserve additional research.
The Distance between the Pectoralis Major Tendon Insertion and the Top of the Humeral Head is a Reliable Landmark: An Anatomic Study
Authors: Sahu Dipit , Jagiasi Jairam D. , Valavi Anisha S. , Ubale Tushar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to analyze the distance between the superior edge of the pectoralis major and the top of the humeral head and evaluate whether this distance is a consistent measurement.
Methods Twenty-two shoulders in eleven cadavers were dissected and the attachment of the pectoralis major tendon was preserved. Two distances were recorded with the help of digital vernier caliper: the distance between the upper edge of pectoralis major and tangent to the top of humeral head (PM–T) and the distance between the superomedial tip of greater tuberosity (GT) and the upper edge of the pectoralis major tendon (PM–G; ± standard error of the means).
Results The mean PM–T distance was 53.8 mm (±0.8 mm) and the mean PM–G distance was 46.8 mm (±0.9 mm). The distance between the top of humeral head and tip of the GT was 7 mm. The PM–T distance was a significant outlier in three shoulders as it inserted high on the humerus.
Conclusion We can conclude that the PM–T and PM–G distances were a consistent measurement.
Clinical Relevance The distance between the pectoralis major tendon and top of the humeral head was measured in this study as a reliable method that can be used intraoperatively to decide the height of the humerus prosthesis in comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus.
Dry needling of the gastrocnemius muscle. Overlap between trigger point area and the presence of blood vessels
Authors: P. Velasco Fernández , F. Valera Garrido 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Aims To evaluate the anatomic variability of the gastrocnemius venous system using ultrasound and the overlap of the same with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs 1 and 2) clinically located in this muscle.
Material and Methods In total, 82 legs of 41 healthy adults were studied, belonging to 26 men and 15 women aged between 22 and 50 years. The blood vessels located below MTrP1 and MTrP2, described by Travell and Simons were observed, and each image was analyzed by sectors (medial, central and lateral) to quantify the number of blood vessels, their distribution and overlap with the MTrPs described at this level.
Results Examination of the 164 heads of 82 gastrocnemius muscles revealed that at least one vessel exists for each section analyzed. The number of veins per head varied between 1 and 8. The most common pattern in the medial gastrocnemius was three vessels (41.5%) and two vessels (49%) in the lateral gastrocnemius. In 100% of the cases the localization of the veins coincided with the clinical localization of the MTrPs.
Conclusions The venous pattern of the proximal gastrocnemius is highly variable among subjects regarding the number of blood vessels and their distribution. There is a complete overlap between the clinical localization of the gastrocnemius MTrPs and the presence of blood vessels.
Application of ultrasound-guided percutaneus neuromodulation (PNM) in women with anterior knee pain
Authors: P. García-Bermejo , M. Albornoz-Cabello , B. De la Cruz-Torres 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Anterior knee pain (AKP) is one of the most common pathologies of the lower limb, with an incidence that is 2.2% greater in women than in men. Electric currents have been used as an effective treatment for pain in many pathologies, however, the percutaneous application of the same has represented a particularly great advancement. In the field of physical therapy, ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation (US-guided PNM), is a technique that is being developed with promising results, however there is still a scarcity of studies concerning this technique.
Aim To evaluate the improvement in chronic anterior knee pain symptoms after the application of US-guided PNM on the femoral nerve of the affected side or the healthy side, in a population of women.
Material and Methods The sample comprised 15 women with chronic unilateral AKP, who were randomly divided into two groups: experimental group 1 (n = 8), who received US-guided PNM upon the femoral nerve, on the leg of the affected side, and an experimental group 2 (n = 7), who received US-guided PNM on the femoral nerve of the non-affected side. The intervention was performed using a needle measuring 0.3 × 40mm on the motor fibers of the femoral nerve under ultrasound guidance and using a monopolar electrode, with a frequency of 10 Hz and a phase duration of 250 microseconds, during 1.5 minutes. We registered active ROM in both knees, pain according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and functionality using the VISA-P questionnaire and the Kujala scale. All variables were evaluated pre-intervention, post-intervention and after 24 hours.
Results No statistically significant differences were found in both groups between the pre and post intervention measurements. However, statistically significant changes were found in both groups between the pre and post intervention at 24 hours, regarding increased ROM and functionality and a decrease in pain (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, the between-group comparison did not obtain a significant difference in any of the variables studied (p > 0.05). The measurement of the effect size obtained a large clinical effect between both groups and between the pre-intervention measurement and the assessment at 24 hours.
Conclusion Treatment of chronic AKP in women, using US-guided PNM, leads to an improvement of symptoms and functionality, 24 hours after application of the same, regardless of whether it is applied on the femoral nerve of the affected leg or on that of the healthy leg.
Infrared thermography: usefulness in treatment with percutaneous needle electrolysis in cesarean section treatment. A case study
Authors: D. Álvarez Prats , O. Carvajal Fernández , S. Jiménez Sánchez 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim In Spain, one out of every four births is a cesarean delivery and in most cases complications occur such as adhesions. Adhesions may cause functional problems, as well as psychological and esthetic problems, such as pain and itchiness.A correct scarring restores connections and replaces the lost tissue, preserving esthetics and functionality. The final change in tissue tone will be responsible for the correct reestablishment of the vascular network. If this does not occur correctly, we may encounter situations with a high level of hypervascularization (hypothermic areas) and the probability of generating fibrosis. Infrared thermography (IT) is a complementary imaging test which is able to capture the infrared radiation emitted by the human body and transform this information into a thermal image. There is proportionality between skin temperature and skin blood flow, therefore, the thermal images provide us with information on skin blood flow. These data are then used to identify the areas of hypervascularization or local inflammation.
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate whether scar tissue has a different temperature to the surrounding tissue, also to detect areas of hyperthermia (hipervascularization) and apply percutaneous needle electrolysis (PNE) using thermography as a tool for assessment and monitoring.
Material and Methods A case study of a woman aged 34 years with two cesarean section scars, the last of which took place 6 months before.Four sessions of PNE were performed using IT as a method to identify treatment points, with a time interval of 21 days between each application. Via infrared thermography, the scar area was assessed and the points where a greater temperature was registered were marked. Subsequently, the PNE technique was applied, performing 3 impacts with a duration of 3 seconds and with an intensity of 4 mA in each point marked. The intervention procedure was performed under ultrasound guidance, based on a transverse section of the scar and positioning the needle on the long axis, at a 45° tilt from the skin. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was registered in the first and last session.
Results After the performance of PNE on the hyperthermic points of the scar, the VAS decreased from 5 points to 0 and both the mean scar temperature in relation to the surrounding tissue improved, also, there was a reduction of the hyperthermic points.
Conclusion Infrared thermography may be a complementary imaging tool for finding alterations in the mean temperature of a scar tissue and identifying hyperthermic points which are a therapeutic target in the treatment with PNE. Besides, it could become a follow-up tool to monitor the evolution of the temperature of the scar, and therefore the effectiveness of the treatment applied. Despite the results obtained in this case, further studies are required.
Effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation in ankle instability: a case study
Authors: M. Rodríguez Rosal , A. Sánchez Sixto , F. Álvarez Barbosa , A. Yáñez Álvarez 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Aims Ankle proprioception can be tested in many ways. Some studies have found improvements in individuals with chronic ankle instability after receiving treatment and training proprioceptive acuity and speed. Currently, there is a scarcity of evidence concerning percutaneous neuromodulation. The first findings were reported in the post-surgical stage after total knee arthroplasty and in neural improvements and symptoms in patients with hyperactive bladder.
Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous neuromodulation on the tibial nerve for the improvement of various proprioception parameters in patients with chronic ankle instability.
Material and Methods Five men (age: 24.8 ± 4.9 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.08 m; weight: 86 ± 9.8 kg) with chronic ankle instability, who regularly practiced sports activities participated in the present study. People who had undergone an injury in the previous three months were excluded from the speed. Currently, there is a scarcity of evidence concerning test before and immediately after percutaneous neuromodulation. A single leg balance test was performed with eyes open and closed, maintaining the single-legged position on a force plate during 30 seconds (Accupower; AMTI, Watertown, MA) registering 1000 Hz. The displacement of the center of pressure (DOT) was determined based on the distances of its antero-posterior axes (DOT_AP) and medio-lateral (DOT_ML). Furthermore, the amplitudes of anteroposterior and mediolateral displacement were evaluated (ACPap and ACPml). The posterior tibial nerve was stimulated under ultrasound guidance using a 100 Vpp current, with a pulse width of 250 μs and a repetition frequency of 2 to 10 Hz. The process was performed on three occasions during 30 seconds, with an intensity that was acknowledged by the patient but which did not go beyond a score of 3 in the visual analog scale (VAS). The means and standard deviations were calculated for all variables. The effect size was calculated establishing the confidence interval at 90% and the probability of the change being significant was qualitatively calculated.
Results A decrease was found in the ACPap (Pre-test eyes open: 5.42 ± 0.62 and eyes closed: 15.99 ± 0.60; Post-test eyes open 4.05 ± 0.36 and eyes closed 10.33 ± 0.49) after the neuromodulation intervention on the tibial nerve. This was a significant change and a “possible” effect size was found in the closed eyes condition (-0.54; ± 0.72), according to Hopkins. For the remaining variables, no significant differences were observed.
Conclusions A decreased displacement of the center of mass was found in the antero-posterior axis after performing the neuromodulation technique on the tibial nerve in patients with chronic ankle instability.
Pain pressure thresholds for evaluating myofascial pain in the equine brachiocephalicus muscle
Authors: M. Calatayud-Bonilla , M. Resano-Zuazu , E. Segura-Ortí 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction Myofascial pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal pathologies in humans, with the presence of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). A MTrP is defined as a hyperirritable nodule in a taut band of musculoskeletal fibers. The pain pressure threshold is a tool for the assessment of pain used in humans with proven reliability, however there is no evidence of the same in the study of MTrPs in horses.
Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the measurement of pressure pain sensitivity in horses with MTrPs in the brachiocephalicus muscle. A second aim was to calculate the minimum detectable change (MDC) for this result.
Material and Methods Twenty horses were evaluated, aged between five and fifteen years old. All without pathology or previous pharmacological treatment. The cranial angle of the scapula was taken as the anatomic reference. A first evaluator, whose reliability was already confirmed, performed a manual palpation of the distal aspect of the brachiocepalicus muscle. A MTrP was located in all animals included in the study. The anatomic reference and the MTrP were marked. The pain pressure threshold of the MTrP was measured using a pressure algometer (Wagner Instruments, EE.UU., kg/cm2). The same evaluator applied the tip of the algometer parallel to the neck and transversal to the muscle fibers, gradually increasing pressure until the ‘jump sign’ or facial expressions of pain were detected by a second operator who also recorded the measurements. The measurements were repeated consecutively twice in this manner. The first operator was blind to the measurements. The intraclass correlation index (ICC) was calculated to evaluate reliability.
Results The mean thresholds of pain pressure sensitivity registered for the first and second measurement were 3.29 (1.0) kg/cm2 and 3.31 (0.9) kg/cm2. The ICC was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.68 to 0.95). The MDC was 0.9 kg/cm2 (95% CI: 0.6 to 1.4).
Conclusions Acceptable reliability was found for the measurement of the pain pressure threshold in horses with MTrPs in the brachiocephalicus muscle.
Responsibility in dealing with genetic risk information
Authors: Wöhlke Sabine , Perry Julia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPredictive testing information raises questions about risk communication, health responsibility, and about how to deal with the gap between knowledge of risks and options to act on this knowledge. For some diseases identified by predictive testing, specific treatments or interventions are available, while other diseases, thus far, remain untreatable or unpreventable; this triggers different forms of responsibility. Gender also often intersects with moral responsibility, regarding risk communication but also responsibilities of care which may become necessary with a family member’s onset of disease. The aim of the study was to analyze laypeople’s attitudes towards predictive testing with a special focus on forms of responsibility arising while dealing with uncertainty of risk information. We conducted seven focus groups with laypeople (n = 43) in four German cities in 2016. Participants were provided with different genetic testing scenarios (breast cancer, early-onset Alzheimer’s disease, pharmacogenetics in rectal cancer) for discussing their responsibilities and risk perceptions. We identified three different forms of responsibility: self-responsibility and self-care, family responsibility and care for others, and professional responsibility. For laypeople, the decision for predictive genetic testing seems voluntary and free from external constraint; however, both family and professional conditions influence an individual’s decision.
Comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K6 of the standards for absorbed dose to water of the KRISS, Korea and the BIPM in accelerator photon beams
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D T , Picard S , Roger P , Kim I J , Kim B C , Kim Y H , Kim J H , Chung J P , Yi C Y 
Published: December 2019

A key comparison has been made between the absorbed dose to water standards of the KRISS, Korea and the BIPM in accelerator photon beams. The results show the standards to be in agreement within the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the comparison of 12 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Dynamical observation of mobility edges in one-dimensional incommensurate optical lattices
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Huangfu Hongli , Zhang Yunbo , Chen Shu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We investigate the wave packet dynamics for a one-dimensional incommensurate optical lattice with a special on-site potential which exhibits the mobility edge in a compactly analytic form. We calculate the density propagation, long-time survival probability and mean square displacement of the wave packet in the regime with the mobility edge and compare with the cases in extended, localized and multifractal regimes. Our numerical results indicate that the dynamics in the mobility-edge regime mix both extended and localized features which is quite different from that in the mulitfractal phase. We utilize the Loschmidt echo dynamics by choosing different eigenstates as initial states and sudden changing the parameters of the system to distinguish the phases in the presence of such system.
Entropy and mutual information in models of deep neural networks*
Authors: Gabrié Marylou , Manoel Andre , Luneau Clément , Barbier Jean , Macris Nicolas , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We examine a class of stochastic deep learning models with a tractable method to compute information-theoretic quantities. Our contributions are three-fold: (i) we show how entropies and mutual informations can be derived from heuristic statistical physics methods, under the assumption that weight matrices are independent and orthogonally-invariant. (ii) We extend particular cases in which this result is known to be rigorously exact by providing a proof for two-layers networks with Gaussian random weights, using the recently introduced adaptive interpolation method. (iii) We propose an experiment framework with generative models of synthetic datasets, on which we train deep neural networks with a weight constraint designed so that the assumption in (i) is verified during learning. We study the behavior of entropies and mutual informations throughout learning and conclude that, in the proposed setting, the relationship between compression and generalization remains elusive.