bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Nicotine on Macular Microcirculation in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Cınar Esat , Yuce Berna , Zengin Mehmet Ozgur , Kucukerdonmez Cem 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the acute effects of nicotine on macular microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Non-smokers who were administered 4 mg nicotine gum (study group) or placebo gum (control group) were enrolled, 18 individuals in each group. All participants underwent OCTA at baseline and 1 hour after gum chewing. Macular flow area, macular vessel density, foveal avascular zone area, central foveal thickness, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Macular flow area, vessel density, and subfoveal choroidal thickness decreased in the nicotine group (
P
< .05). No statistically significant difference observed in central foveal thickness, when compared with baseline measurement (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Nicotine causes a significant decrease in macular microcirculation. Deterioration of macular microcirculation can be quantitatively detected by OCTA noninvasively.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:691–700.]
Correlation of OCTA and Volumetric MRI in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yoon Stephen P. , Thompson Atalie C. , Polascik Bryce W. , Calixte Christopher , Burke James R. , Petrella Jeffrey R. , Grewal Dilraj S. , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUD AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the relationship between retinal microvascular parameters on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and neurodegenerative changes assessed by measurement of brain volume on volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Sixteen subjects with AD and MCI underwent OCTA imaging (3 mm × 3 mm and 6 mm × 6 mm scans) and volumetric brain MRI imaging with automated volumetric segmentation and quantification. Spearman's correlation (ρ) was performed between forebrain parenchyma, cortical gray matter, inferolateral ventricle (ILV), lateral ventricle (LV), and hippocampus (HP) MRI volumes and vessel density (VD), along with perfusion density (PD) for the 6-mm circle, 6-mm ring, 3-mm circle, and 3-mm ring Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study regions of the superficial capillary plexus.

RESULTS:

Thirty eyes of 16 patients (seven MCI and nine AD) with good-quality OCTA images were analyzed. ILV volume inversely correlated with the VD in the 6-mm circle (ρ = −0 .565,
P
= .028) and 3-mm ring (ρ = −0.569,
P
= .027) and PD in the 3-mm ring (ρ = −0.605,
P
= .0169). Forebrain, cortical gray matter, LV, and HP volumes did not significantly correlate with either VD or PD (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this pilot investigation, the authors found a significant correlation between reduction in the superficial capillary plexus VD and PD on OCTA and expansion of the ILV in MCI and AD. This relationship between the retinal microvasculature and cerebral volumetric changes deserves further investigation.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:709–718.]
O ‘KEPOS’ EPICURISTA: A UTILIDADE DA FILOSOFIA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O CONHECIMENTO E A FORMAÇÃO DO HOMEM FELIZ
Authors: Bordin Reginaldo Aliçandro , Pereira José Aparecido 
Published: November 2019

Este texto tem o propósito de refletir sobre o pensamento de Epicuro de Samos, a partir da compreensão dele de filosofia e sua relação com o conhecimento e a felicidade. Em seu Jardim, o kepos, Epicuro defendeu o pressuposto de que a filosofia é útil na medida em que ela proporciona os meios para garantir a quem a pratica a felicidade. Esta é compreendida como ausência de sofrimentos, especialmente aqueles oriundos de nossas opiniões erradas sobre a ação dos deuses, a morte e a dor. Por isso, o mestre do Jardim propôs a filosofia como medicina porque oferece princípios para ensinar a viver bem. No cumprimento desse objetivo, ele articulou uma teoria do conhecimento, que tinha as sensações como critério de verdade, com a formação do homem feliz, propósito principal de seu Jardim-escola. Ele não concebeu o conhecimento como uma teoria, mas principalmente um saber para a vida cuja finalidade era ensinar a todos a viver bem. Para isso, os princípios éticos e formativos da doutrina epicurista estão contidos no livro X de Diôgenes Laêrtios, em Vida e doutrina dos filósofos ilustres. Suas Máximas principais e Sentenças Vaticanas, contém fragmentos essenciais para compreender a doutrina epicurista, nos referidos aspectos. O que justifica o estudo de sua proposta doutrinária é o fato dela defender a utilidade da filosofia como meio para edificar a vida, princípio válido em todos os tempos.
Emergency Action Plans in Secondary Schools: Barriers, Facilitators, and Social Determinants Affecting Implementation
Authors: Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Singe Stephanie Mazerolle , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Stearns Rebecca L. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: November 2019

Context
Secondary schools (SSs) inconsistently adopt emergency action plans (EAPs) for athletics.

Objective
To describe the barriers, facilitators, and social determinants influencing EAP adoption in SSs in the United States.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Secondary schools.

Patients or Other Participants
A national sample of athletic trainers (ATs; n = 9642) and athletic directors (ADs; n = 9687) were invited to participate in a Web-based questionnaire. A total of 1273 (13.2%) ATs and 702 (9.2%) ADs responded to the survey.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The questionnaire addressed self-reported barriers to, facilitators of, and social determinants (eg, locale, funding classification [eg, public or private SS]) of EAP adoption. The responses of ATs and ADs were analyzed separately. Barriers, facilitators, and social determinants were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Contingency (2 × 2) tables were used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of adopting an EAP and the presence of each social determinant.

Results
Perceived barriers to implementation were a lack of knowledge about how to implement an EAP and financial limitations. Facilitators were having access to health care personnel, state mandates, and support from a person in an authoritative position. Compared with ATs at rural schools, ATs at suburban schools displayed greater odds of having an EAP (χ2 = 5.63, P = .01, OR = 1.63 [95% confidence interval = 1.08, 2.44]). According to the ADs' responses, a larger SS enrollment (≥500) led to greater odds of adopting an EAP (OR = 2.02 [95% confidence interval = 1.41, 2.89]).

Conclusions
Perceived barriers to EAP adoption suggest that ATs and ADs need to be educated so they can provide additional information on the low cost of EAP adoption. Further, ADs described state mandates as facilitators to improve EAP adoption; therefore, efforts to educate state leaders about the need for mandated policies may be warranted. Certain social determinants (eg, school enrollment) may affect EAP adoption, but not every proposed determinant significantly affected adoption.
Designing Disability
Authors: Guffey Elizabeth 
Published: November 2019

Designing Disability traces the emergence of an idea and an ideal — physical access for the disabled — through the evolution of the iconic International Symbol of Access (ISA).
The book draws on approaches from design history, material culture and recent critical disability studies to examine not only the development of a design icon, but also the cultural history surrounding it. Infirmity and illness may be seen as part of human experience, but ’disability’ is a social construct, a way of thinking about and constructing responses to human conditions.
Elizabeth Guffey’s highly original and wide-ranging study addresses the period before the ISA, tracing the design history of the wheelchair, a product that spoke to the mobility needs of a growing community of veterans and polio survivors from the 1930s onwards. She examines the rise of ’barrier-free architecture’ in the US, which takes shape around the modern wheelchair, and the consequent need for signage. She analyses the reception of the ISA, with the symbol becoming widely adopted and even a mark of identity, especially for the Disability Rights Movement. But ultimately, a growing debate has unfurled around this symbol; the most vigorous critique today has evolved with guerrilla art, graffiti and studio practice, and above all, it reflects a series of new challenges to design and disability in the twenty-first century.
Novel approaches to improve estimates of short-lived halocarbon emissions during summer from the Southern Ocean using airborne observations
Authors: Asher Elizabeth , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Stephens Britton B. , Kinnison Doug , Morgan Eric J. , Keeling Ralph F. , Atlas Elliot L. , Schauffler Sue M. , Tilmes Simone , Kort Eric A. , Hoecker-Martínez Martin S. , Long Matt C. , Lamarque Jean-François , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , McKain Kathryn , Sweeney Colm , Hills Alan J. , Apel Eric C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Fluxes of halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) over the Southern
Ocean remain poorly understood, and few atmospheric measurements exist to
constrain modeled emissions of these compounds. We present observations of
CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH3I, CHClBr2, CHBrCl2, and
CH3Br during the O2∕N2 Ratio and CO2 Airborne Southern
Ocean (ORCAS) study and the second Atmospheric Tomography mission
(ATom-2) in January and February of 2016 and 2017. Good model–measurement
correlations were obtained between these observations and simulations from
the Community Earth System Model (CESM) atmospheric component with chemistry
(CAM-Chem) for CHBr3, CH2Br2, CH3I, and CHClBr2 but
all showed significant differences in model : measurement ratios. The
model : measurement comparison for CH3Br was satisfactory and for
CHBrCl2 the low levels present precluded us from making a complete
assessment. Thereafter, we demonstrate two novel approaches to estimate
halogenated VOC fluxes; the first approach takes advantage of the robust
relationships that were found between airborne observations of O2 and
CHBr3, CH2Br2, and CHClBr2. We use these linear
regressions with O2 and modeled O2 distributions to infer a
biological flux of halogenated VOCs. The second approach uses the Stochastic
Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) particle dispersion model to
explore the relationships between observed mixing ratios and the product of
the upstream surface influence of sea ice, chl a, absorption due to
detritus, and downward shortwave radiation at the surface, which in turn
relate to various regional hypothesized sources of halogenated VOCs such as
marine phytoplankton, phytoplankton in sea-ice brines, and decomposing
organic matter in surface seawater. These relationships can help evaluate
the likelihood of particular halogenated VOC sources and in the case of
statistically significant correlations, such as was found for CH3I, may
be used to derive an estimated flux field. Our results are consistent with a
biogenic regional source of CHBr3 and both nonbiological and
biological sources of CH3I over these regions.
The Elbrus (Caucasus, Russia) ice core record – Part 1: reconstruction of past anthropogenic sulfur emissions in south-eastern Europe
Authors: Preunkert Susanne , Legrand Michel , Kutuzov Stanislav , Ginot Patrick , Mikhalenko Vladimir , Friedrich Ronny 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study reports on the glaciochemistry of a deep ice
core (182 m long) drilled in 2009 at Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, Russia.
Radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in the ice
suggests that the basal ice dates to 280±400 CE (Common Era).
Based on chemical stratigraphy, the upper 168.6 m of the core was dated by
counting annual layers. The seasonally resolved chemical records cover the
years 1774–2009 CE, thus being useful to reconstruct many aspects of
atmospheric pollution in south-eastern Europe from pre-industrial times to
the present day. After having examined the extent to which the arrival of large
dust plumes originating from the Sahara and Middle East modifies the chemical
composition of the Elbrus (ELB) snow and ice layers, we focus on the
dust-free sulfur pollution. The ELB dust-free sulfate levels indicate a 6-
and 7-fold increase from 1774–1900 to 1980–1995 in winter and summer,
respectively. Remaining close to 55±10 ppb during the 19th
century, the annual dust-free sulfate levels started to rise at a mean rate
of ∼3 ppb per year from 1920 to 1950. The annual increase
accelerated between 1950 and 1975 (8 ppb per year), with levels reaching a
maximum between 1980 and 1990 (376±10 ppb) and subsequently
decreasing to 270±18 ppb at the beginning of the 21st
century. Long-term dust-free sulfate trends observed in the ELB ice cores
are compared with those previously obtained in Alpine and Altai (Siberia)
ice, with the most important differences consisting in a much earlier onset and a
more pronounced decrease in the sulfur pollution over the last 3 decades
in western Europe than south-eastern Europe and Siberia.
Genética Forense. Del laboratorio a los tribunales. Reseña de libro
Authors: Crespillo Manuel , Barrio Pedro A. 
Published: November 2019

Como Editora de la Revista de Ciencias Forenses de Honduras, pero sobre todo como profesional del campo de la Genética Forense, me siento honrada de publicar, la reseña de un libro escrito por autores de muy alto nivel profesional y humano, que viene a llenar un enorme vacío, especialmente para los profesionales de la Genética Forense que hablan español. El libro “Genética Forense. Del Laboratorio a los tribunales”, resume de manera interesante, el camino recorrido de la disciplina y la contribución que incluso algunos de los autores del libro han realizado para que esta haya llegado hasta donde se encuentra hoy. Al leerlo pensé que la evolución de la Genética Forense de manera figurativa representa el largo camino de regreso a casa, al resarcimiento y la reparación que un análisis de ADN implica para algunas víctimas en ciertos contextos, especialmente los Latinoamericanos.
El libro está disponible en https://www.amazon.es/GEN%C3%89TICA-FORENSE-CRESPILLO-M%C3%81RQUEZMANUEL/dp/8490522138 Sin más demora doy paso a los Editores, Manuel C. Crespillo y Pedro A. Barrio
Improving Patient Experience of Wait Times and Courtesy Through Electronic Sign-in and Notification in the Phlebotomy Clinic
Authors: Le Vincent , Wagar Elizabeth A. , Phipps Ron A. , Del Guidice Robert E. , Le Han , Middleton Lavinia P. 
Published: November 2019

Context.—
The phlebotomy clinic, which sees on average 900 patients a day, was faced with issues of congestion and noise due to inefficient workflow and processes. The staff called each patient name for his or her turn, and patients were unsure of wait time and position in line. These factors led to unfavorable patient satisfaction regarding wait times and courtesy of the staff.

Objective.—
To improve patients' experience of wait times and courtesy in the phlebotomy clinic through an electronic sign-in and notification system, redesign of the area, and training of employees.

Design.—
An electronic sign-in and notification system was implemented in the phlebotomy clinic. Several sign-in stations and whiteboard wall monitors were installed in the clinic, along with a redesign of the patient flow. A Press Ganey survey was given to patients after their visit which included 3 questions related to wait times, courtesy, and information about delays, respectively. The mean responses for each month between March 2016 and December 2018 were aggregated and compared for each measure.

Results.—
Overall, wait time saw a 7.7% increase in satisfaction score, and courtesy saw a 1.0% increase in satisfaction score during the course of the several interventions that were introduced. The operational efficiency of the clinic also saw a veritable increase because the percent of patients processed within 20 minutes increased by 27%, from 62% (8212 of 13 245 blood draws) to 89% (11 703 of 13 143 blood draws).

Conclusions.—
The interventions implemented proved to increase the patient satisfaction in each of the measures. The electronic sign-in and whiteboards provided valuable information to both patients and staff.
A New Reference to Evaluate Syndesmosis in Sagittal Plane Radiographs of the Ankle: The Lateral Posterior Ankle Ratio
Authors: Turgut Ali , Bilgin Emre , Filibeli Mert , Kuşak İbrahim , Kumbaracı Mert , Kalenderer Önder 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Confirmation of anatomical reduction of ankle syndesmosis is mandatory because improper reduction leads to poor functional results. Coronal plane evaluation of syndesmosis is well described in the literature, but there is little information about sagittal plane evaluation. We sought to evaluate the relationship of fibula and tibia in the sagittal plane and create a new reference that can be applied easily and reliably.

Methods:
Lateral ankle radiographs of 337 individuals with no history of ankle fracture were evaluated. A line was drawn between the anterior and posterior cortices of the distal lateral tibia, and the length of this line was measured (line 1). The distance between the anterior and posterior cortices of the fibula on this line was measured, and the center of this second distance was identified and marked. The posterior half of the fibular width was divided by line 1 and was named the lateral posterior ankle ratio (LPAR). Statistical analysis was performed by side and sex.

Results:
Mean patient age was 38.6 years; mean LPAR was 0.48. There was a significant difference between men and women by age (P < .001) and LPAR (P = .01). There was no significant difference between right and left ankles by age (P = .63) and LPAR (P = .64). The LPAR was less than 0.40 in 6.8% of the radiographs, 0.40 to 0.50 in 57.9%, and greater than 0.50 to 0.60 in 32.9%.

Conclusions:
The LPAR should approximate 50% in normal lateral ankle images and, by extrapolation, after syndesmotic reduction.
Ease of Application and Removal of Common Total-Contact Cast Systems Used in the Podiatric Medical Community
Authors: Ludwig Kathy , Homer Von , Jensen Jeffrey 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Although total-contact cast (TCC) systems are considered the gold standard for off-loading plantar ulcers, less than 6% of patients with diabetic foot ulcers receive them due to negative perceptions of special technique requirements and time investment in their application and removal. We compared the ease of use and casting time of four TCC systems.

Methods:
Four novice casters applied each of the four TCC systems three times using the manufacturer's written instructions for cast application and removal of each cast type. For each TCC system, casters also provided ratings of quality and effectiveness, their level of confidence in applying each system, and overall ease of use.

Results:
The time to complete the first application of each cast type was not different among TCC systems. However, by the third application, TCC-EZ had a significantly faster application time than the other three TCC systems. In addition, TCC-EZ was considered better overall in packaging and instructions, quality of cast components, and casting method than the other TCC systems. Half of the casters rated TCC-EZ and MedE-Kast as the easiest to apply after the third and final trial, and TCC-EZ and MedE-Kast were rated as being the cast chosen to use in the casters' clinical practices.

Conclusions:
One of the obstacles to use of TCC systems, despite being recognized as the gold standard of off-loading, is the perception of a prolonged learning curve on application. This study demonstrated that TCC-EZ can be applied by novice casters in less than 14 minutes after their third application experience.
Default mode network anatomy and function is linked to pediatric concussion recovery
Authors: Iyer Kartik K. , Zalesky Andrew , Barlow Karen M. , Cocchi Luca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether anatomical and functional brain features relate to key persistent post–concussion symptoms (PPCS) in children recovering from mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI), and whether such brain indices can predict individual recovery from PPCS.MethodsOne hundred and ten children with mixed recovery following mTBI were seen at the concussion clinic at Neurology department Alberta Children’s Hospital. The primary outcome was the Post–Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI, parent proxy). Sleep disturbance scores (PCSI subdomain) and the Neurocognition Index (CNS Vital Signs) were also measured longitudinally. PPCS was assessed at 4 weeks postinjury and 8–10 weeks postinjury. Gray matter volumes were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel‐based morphometry at 4 weeks postinjury. Functional connectivity was estimated at the same timepoint using resting‐state MRI. Two complementary machine learning methods were used to assess if the combination of gray matter and functional connectivity indices carried meaningful prognostic information.ResultsHigher scores on a composite index of sleep disturbance, including fatigue, were associated with converging decreases in gray matter volume and local functional connectivity in two key nodes of the default mode network: the posterior cingulate cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex. Sleep‐related disturbances also significantly correlated with reductions in functional connectivity between these brain regions. The combination of structural and functional brain indices associated to individual variations in the default mode network accurately predicted clinical outcomes at follow‐up (area under the curve = 0.86).InterpretationThese results highlight that the function–structure profile of core default mode regions underpins sleep‐related problems following mTBI and carries meaningful prognostic information for pediatric concussion recovery.
Atomic Mechanisms for the Si Atom Dynamics in Graphene: Chemical Transformations at the Edge and in the Bulk
Authors: Ziatdinov Maxim , Dyck Ondrej , Jesse Stephen , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of e‐beam irradiated Si atoms in the bulk and at the edges of single‐layer graphene is examined using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A deep learning network is used to convert experimental STEM movies into coordinates of individual Si and carbon atoms. A Gaussian mixture model is further used to establish the elementary atomic configurations of the Si atoms, defining the bonding geometries and chemical species and accounting for the discrete rotational symmetry of the host lattice. The frequencies and Markov transition probabilities between these states are determined. This analysis enables insight into the defect populations and chemical transformation networks from the atomically resolved STEM data. Here, a clear tendency is observed for the formation of a 1D Si crystal along zigzag direction of graphene edges and for the Si impurity coupling to topological defects in bulk graphene.