bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Local Formation of the TRAPPIST-1 Exoplanets
Authors: Clement Matthew S. , Quintana Elisa V. , Stevenson Kevin B. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The discovery of seven approximately Earth-mass planets orbiting the 0.09 M
⊙ M dwarf TRAPPIST-1 captivated the public and sparked a proliferation of investigations into the system’s origins. Among other properties, the resonant architecture of the planets has been interpreted to imply that orbital migration played a dominant role in the system’s early formation. If correct, this hypothesis could imply that all of the seven worlds formed far from the star, and might harbor enhanced inventories of volatile elements. However, multiple factors also contradict this interpretation. In particular, the planets’ apparent rocky compositions and nonhierarchical mass distribution might be evidence that they formed closer to their current orbital locations. In this paper, we investigate the latter possibility with over 600 accretion simulations that model the effects of collisional fragmentation. In addition to producing multiple TRAPPIST-like configurations, we experiment with a number of different models for tracking the evolution of the planets’ volatile contents and bulk iron-to-silicate ratios. We conclude that a trend in bulk iron contents is the more likely explanation for the observed radial trend of decreasing uncompressed densities in the real system. Given the degree of radial mixing that occurs in our simulations, in most cases we find that all seven planets finish with similar volatile contents. Another confounding quality of the TRAPPIST-1 system is the fact that the innermost planets are not in first-order resonances with one another. By applying a tidal migration model to our most promising accretion model results, we demonstrate cases where higher-order resonances are populated.
Orbital Migration Through Atmospheric Mass Loss
Authors: Hanf Benjamin , Kincaid William , Schlichting Hilke , Cappiello Livan , Tamayo Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric mass loss is thought to have strongly shaped the sample of close-in exoplanets. These atmospheres should be lost isotropically, leading to no net migration on the planetary orbit. However, strong stellar winds can funnel the escaping atmosphere into a tail trailing the planet. We derive a simple kinematic model of the gravitational interaction between the planet and this anisotropic wind, and derive expressions for the expected migration of the planet. Over the expected range of parameters, we find typical migrations of a few tenths to a few percent inward. We argue that this modest migration may be observable for planet pairs near mean motion resonances, which would provide an independent observational constraint on atmospheric mass loss models.
Low-latitude Auroras: Insights from 2023 April 23 Solar Storm
Authors: Vichare Geeta , Bhaskar Ankush , Rawat Rahul , Yadav Virendra , Mishra Wageesh , Angchuk Dorje , Singh Anand Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In 2023 April, a low-latitude aurora observed by the all-sky camera at Hanle, Ladakh, India (33°14’N geographic latitude), generated significant interest. This was the first such aurora recorded from the Indian region in the space era and occurred during a moderate solar storm. This study explores this low-latitude auroral sighting, which happened during the sheath-region passage of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection. We analyze in situ multispacecraft particle measurements and geomagnetic field observations from both ground-based and satellite-based magnetometers. The auroral observations at Hanle coincided with intense substorm activity. Our findings indicate that the aurora did not actually reach India; the equatorward boundary was beyond 50°N geographic latitude. Enhanced electron fluxes with energies below 100 eV were detected at 54°N geographic latitude at about 830 km altitude in the predawn sector (4–5 hr local time). In the midnight sector, the equatorward boundary is estimated to be around 52°N geographic latitude, based on Hanle observations and considering emission altitudes of 600–650 km due to low-energy electrons. Thus, the low-latitude red aurora observed from India resulted from the emissions at higher altitudes due to low-energy electron precipitation in the auroral oval and a slight equatorward expansion of the auroral oval. The low-energy electrons likely originated from the plasma sheet and were precipitated due to enhanced wave–particle interactions from strong magnetosphere compression during high solar wind pressure. This study is crucial in understanding low-latitude auroras in the modern space era.
Large Dark Matter Content and Steep Metallicity Profile Predicted for Ultradiffuse Galaxies Formed in High-spin Halos
Authors: Benavides José A. , Sales Laura V. , Abadi Mario. G. , Vogelsberger Mark , Marinacci Federico , Hernquist Lars 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study the stellar properties of a sample of simulated ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) with stellar mass M
⋆ = 107.5–109
M
⊙, selected from the TNG50 simulation, where UDGs form mainly in high-spin dwarf-mass halos. We divide our sample into star-forming and quenched UDGs, finding good agreement with the stellar assembly history measured in observations. Star-forming UDGs and quenched UDGs with M
⋆ ≥ 108
M
⊙ in our sample are particularly inefficient at forming stars, having 2–10 times less stellar mass than non-UDGs for the same virial mass halo. These results are consistent with recent mass inferences in UDG samples and suggest that the most inefficient UDGs arise from a late assembly of the dark matter mass followed by a stellar growth that is comparatively slower (for star-forming UDGs) or that was interrupted due to environmental removal of the gas (for quenched UDGs). Regardless of efficiency, UDGs are 60% poorer in [Fe/H] than the population of non-UDGs at a fixed stellar mass, with the most extreme objects having metal content consistent with the simulated mass–metallicity relation at z ∼ 2. Quenched UDGs stop their star formation in shorter timescales than non-UDGs of similar mass and are, as a consequence, alpha enhanced with respect to non-UDGs. We identify metallicity profiles in UDGs as a potential avenue to distinguish between different formation paths for these galaxies, where gentle formation as a result of high-spin halos would present well-defined declining metallicity radial profiles while powerful-outflows or tidal stripping formation models would lead to flatter or constant metallicity as a function of radius due to the inherent mixing of stellar orbits.
The Resolved Behavior of Dust Mass, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fraction, and Radiation Field in ∼800 Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Chastenet Jérémy , Sandstrom Karin , Leroy Adam K. , Bot Caroline , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Chown Ryan , Gordon Karl D. , Koch Eric W. , Roussel Hélène , Sutter Jessica , Williams Thomas G. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present resolved 3.6–250 μm dust spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting for ∼800 nearby galaxies. We measure the distribution of radiation field intensities heating the dust, the dust mass surface density (Σd), and the fraction of dust in the form of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; q
PAH). We find that the average interstellar radiation field (

U

¯

) is correlated both with stellar mass surface density (Σ⋆) and star formation rate surface density (ΣSFR), while more intense radiation fields are only correlated with ΣSFR. We show that q
PAH is a steeply decreasing function of ΣSFR, likely reflecting PAH destruction in H ii regions. Galaxy-integrated q
PAH is strongly, negatively correlated with specific star formation rate (sSFR) and offset from the star-forming “main sequence” (ΔMS), suggesting that both metallicity and star formation intensity play a role in setting the global q
PAH. We also find a nearly constant M
d/M
* ratio for galaxies on the main sequence, with a lower ratio for more quiescent galaxies, likely due to their lower gas fractions. From these results, we construct prescriptions to estimate the radiation field distribution in both integrated and resolved galaxies. We test these prescriptions by comparing our predicted

U

¯

to results of SED fitting for stacked “main-sequence” galaxies at 0 < z < 4 from M. Béthermin et al. and find sSFR is an accurate predictor of

U

¯

even at these high redshifts. Finally, we describe the public delivery of matched-resolution Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and Herschel maps along with the resolved dust SED-fitting results through the Infrared Science Archive.
Discovery of Raman-scattered C ii Lines in V366 Carinae with GHOST/Gemini South
Authors: Heo Jeong-Eun , Jeong Miji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report the detection of Raman-scattered C ii lines at 7023 and 7054 Å in the symbiotic star V366 Carinae using Gemini High-resolution Optical SpecTrograph (GHOST) at Gemini South. These faint features, originating from the C ii doublet at λλ1036 and 1037, are rare and have been detected in only two other symbiotic stars: V1016 Cygni and RR Telescopii. Our findings showcase the exceptional sensitivity of GHOST to detect subtle spectral features and open the door to comparative studies of Raman-scattered C ii features across these systems.
Brightness Behavior of Distant Oort Cloud Comets
Authors: Holt Carrie E. , Knight Matthew M. , Kelley Michael S. P. , Lister Tim , Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Snodgrass Colin , Opitom Cyrielle , Kokotanekova Rosita , Schwamb Megan E. , Dobson Matthew M. , Bannister Michele T. , Micheli Marco , Milam Stefanie N. , Richardson Derek C. ,   The LCO Outbursting Objects Key (LOOK) Project, Gomez Edward , Chatelain Joseph P. , Greenstreet Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Dynamically new comets provide important insights into the conditions of the presolar nebula and its evolution, as they are believed to have experienced minimal solar heating before their discovery. Since 2020 August, the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) Outbursting Objects Key Project has utilized LCO’s network of 1 m telescopes to consistently monitor long-period comets (LPCs) discovered inbound beyond 5 au from the Sun approximately every 3 days in order to characterize the brightness evolution, colors, and coma morphology of distant comets over a range of heliocentric distances. We report the long-term time-series photometry of 21 objects in our sample and coma morphology analyses for six comets with heliocentric distances less than 3 au. We find that LPCs rapidly brighten further from the Sun, and the brightening rate decreases as heliocentric distance decreases. We do not observe a clear difference in brightening rate for returning versus dynamically new comets. When LPCs are within 3 au of the Sun, they consistently exhibit a color change in a 20,000 km aperture consistent with an increase in gas production driven by water-ice sublimation. We find that returning comets experience the color change closer to the Sun than dynamically new comets, likely because their volatiles are more deeply buried or they have a higher dust-to-gas ratio after the upper layers are depleted of volatiles during a previous solar passage.
Cross-sectional Study on Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Saudi Arabian Patients with Strokes
Authors: Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Alqarni Rimas Abdulrahman , Alward Khalid Aboud B. , Al-Shahrani Nada Mutq , Alsayari Noura Abdulaziz , Shuiel Hadeel Khalid Bin , Saddiq Bushra Wadi Bin , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Stroke, a leading cause of mortality and disability globally, significantly impacts quality of life (QOL) through various impairments. In Saudi Arabia, stroke incidence necessitates detailed research to inform public health strategies. This study aims to assess post-stroke patients’ QOL using a customised questionnaire addressing culturally relevant aspects, hypothesising that demographic factors and healthcare access significantly influence outcomes.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study, conducted from January to September 2023, included 1530 Saudi Arabian stroke patients, ensuring diverse demographic representation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, including health-related QOL and stroke-specific QOL scales, focusing on functional outcomes and QOL. Statistical analysis utilised SPSS version 28.0, employing descriptive and inferential methods, with a significance level set at <0.001.

Results:
Participants were predominantly aged 18–24 (26.8%) and 45–64 (26.8%), with a mean age of 36.23 years (standard deviation [SD] ≈14.83). Gender distribution was 44.4% female and 55.6% male. A significant proportion held a bachelor’s degree (45.8%), and the majority resided in urban areas (73.2%). Moderate satisfaction with the rehabilitation programme was reported (mean = 3.07, SD = 1.010), with improvements in motor skills (mean = 3.22, SD = 0.855) and daily activities (mean = 3.16, SD = 0.889). A strong positive correlation between functional improvement and QOL was observed (r = 0.722, P < 0.001). Financial and logistical challenges were noted, with 60.1% of participants experiencing financial difficulties.

Conclusions:
The study highlights the positive impacts of rehabilitation programmes on functional abilities and QOL amongst Saudi Arabian stroke patients, despite financial and logistical challenges. These findings emphasise the need for accessible and cost-effective rehabilitation services, tailored to the unique needs of this population, to enhance long-term well-being and independence.
Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Its Impact on Dry Eye Severity in Saudi Arabian Glaucoma Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Almutairi Jawza Ali , Alasbool Jumana Radhi , Alzahrani Sultan , Alhawsawi Kawther Ibrahim , Aljohani Jomanah Khalid , Albalawi Ghadeer Abdullah I. , Alhodibi Mostafa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The intersection of glaucoma and dry eye disease forms a significant area of concern in ophthalmology, given their prevalence and the profound impact they have on patients’ quality of life. This study delves into an intricate aspect of this intersection by exploring the correlation between tear film lipid layer thickness (TFLLT) and the severity of dry eye symptoms among Saudi Arabian patients with glaucoma. Anchoring its relevance in the broader context of ocular health, the research hypothesises that this correlation is influenced by various factors such as age, gender and the stage of glaucoma, aiming to enhance our understanding and inform more effective treatment strategies for these conditions.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a structured questionnaire was distributed to glaucoma patients across different healthcare centres in Saudi Arabia between July and October 2023. The questionnaire was meticulously designed to gather comprehensive data on various aspects, including the severity of dry eye symptoms, the stage of glaucoma and the usage of contact lenses among the participants. This approach was chosen to obtain a clear picture of the relationship between TFLLT and dry eye severity in this specific patient group.

Results:
The study, encompassing a sample of 2010 participants, revealed noteworthy findings. One of the most significant outcomes was the established association between the usage of contact lenses and the severity of dry eye symptoms. The data indicated that those participants who wore contact lenses, either on a daily basis or occasionally, were more likely to report moderate to severe symptoms of dry eye, providing valuable insights into the factors exacerbating this condition among glaucoma patients.

Conclusion:
This research sheds light on the critical relationship between TFLLT and dry eye severity in patients with glaucoma. The findings underscore the importance of careful management of dry eye symptoms, especially in those who use contact lenses. The study not only contributes to our understanding of the pathophysiology of these ocular conditions but also opens avenues for future research and clinical interventions, aiming to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from these coexisting conditions.
Cross-sectional Assessment of the Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Care for Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Saudi Arabian Primary Care Settings
Authors: Almasaad Norah Abdullah , Aldoghmani Rakan Ali , Alhassun Joud Abdulhamid , Alharbi Khalid Abdulrahim , Alkhadidi Shomoq Jarallah , Alkinani Ashraf Ali , Aloqaili Abdulmajeed Ali , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions globally. PD’s complexity poses challenges for healthcare providers. Given the multifaceted nature of PD, no single healthcare expert can holistically address the diverse symptoms and offer all therapeutic alternatives. This calls for a multidisciplinary approach to manage PD in addition to the unique symptoms each patient presents. Our study focuses on examining the impact of such multidisciplinary care practices in Saudi Arabian. We aim to understand its implementation, effectiveness and associated factors, with a vision to advance PD management and improve patient outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabian primary health care settings. Our population included PD patients. For data collection, we employed validated tools such as the PD Questionnaire, treatment adherence scales and healthcare utilization records.

Results:
Of the 946 participants, a significant portion (80.1%) received multidisciplinary care. Importantly, 46.3% expressed satisfaction with this care model. In addition, 44.4% believed that their multidisciplinary care team adequately tackled treatment adherence barriers. A direct correlation emerged between treatment adherence and satisfaction with multidisciplinary care.

Conclusion:
Our investigation into the effects of multidisciplinary care on PD management in Saudi Arabian primary care environments yielded insightful outcomes. Participants demonstrated a significant appreciation for multidisciplinary care, correlating it with an enriched quality of life. Our findings accentuate the necessity for persistent endeavours in fostering such all-encompassing care paradigms.
Gait Stability as a Predictor of Fall Risk in Knee Osteoarthritis: Insights from a Saudi Arabian Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aljaffar Abdullah Bader , Alsanad Faisal Abdullah , Alsuwat Khalid Jameel , AlAngari Saad Mohammed , Alfaraj Ahmed Baqer , Alaidarous Hasan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
In the context of global health, knee osteoarthritis (OA) stands as a significant contributor to mobility impairments and quality of life deterioration. Particularly in Saudi Arabia, the incidence of knee OA is not only prevalent but also on the rise, posing major public health challenges. Previous studies have highlighted various aspects of OA, yet the specific relationship between gait stability parameters and the risk of falls in OA patients remains underexplored. This study aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of gait stability as a potential indicator of fall risk amongst Saudi Arabian patients with knee OA. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature by offering new insights into how OA affects mobility and balance, positioning its findings within the broader scope of knee OA management.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from July to October 2023. It involved 2304 patients diagnosed with knee OA from orthopaedic clinics across various hospitals and health care centres, primarily in the western and eastern regions of the country. The focus was on evaluating the relationship between gait stability parameters and the risk of falls. The methodologies included assessments of walking pace, balance and frequency of falls, alongside a detailed analysis of patient demographics.

Results:
The participant pool predominantly consisted of females (79.9%), primarily aged between 18 and 24 years (35.4%). A significant proportion (40.3%) reported knee pain related to OA. Notably, 27.8% of participants had experienced falls in the past year. Over half (52.8%) described their walking pace as moderate, whereas 67.4% occasionally experienced unsteadiness or balance loss. Crucially, a positive correlation was found between central nervous system involvement and increased fall risk.

Conclusion:
Knee OA’s impact extends beyond joint pain and stiffness; it crucially affects gait stability, thereby influencing fall risk. This study highlights gait instability as a key factor in fall susceptibility amongst Saudi Arabian knee OA patients. The findings underscore the potential of using gait stability parameters as predictive markers for fall risk, suggesting implications for clinical practices and rehabilitation strategies in Saudi Arabia. It is anticipated that these insights will enhance the overall management and quality of life for patients with knee OA.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Melatonin in Managing Sleep Disorders amongst Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Abbas Fadeil , Almunahi Lina Khalid S. , Bawahab Rinad Abdulwahab , Samaren Moaied Mohammed , Dhafar Obay Wail , Alaqidi Hanadi Saad , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Sleep disorders, impacting a substantial portion of the global adult population, pose significant public health challenges. In the field of sleep medicine, the hormone melatonin, known for its regulatory role in sleep and circadian rhythms, has garnered increasing interest. This study situates itself within the existing literature, notably drawing on the foundational work of Fatemeh et al. and Ferracioli-Oda et al., to explore the effectiveness of melatonin in treating sleep disorders amongst adults in Saudi Arabia. The aim is to bridge the gap in understanding how melatonin’s efficacy may vary in different cultural and geographic contexts, particularly in the Middle Eastern region.

Methods:
Employing a cross-sectional study design, this research focussed on adult participants between the ages of 18 and 65 years residing in Saudi Arabia, specifically targeting those with diagnosed sleep disorders. The methodology involved administering structured questionnaires and conducting comprehensive interviews to collect the data on sleep patterns, melatonin usage, dosage, frequency and associated health outcomes. Advanced statistical techniques, including regression analysis, were utilised to analyse the data, ensuring adherence to global health standards like WHO criteria for defining and measuring sleep disorders.

Results:
The study engaged a diverse cohort of 1835 participants, encompassing a wide demographic spectrum in Saudi Arabia. The results demonstrated a clear improvement in sleep quality amongst participants using melatonin, with significant reductions in the time taken to fall asleep and reported severity of sleep disorder symptoms. The data indicated a variable pattern in the prevalence and intensity of sleep disorders across different age groups and genders, highlighting the complex interplay of cultural, environmental and individual factors in sleep health.

Conclusion:
This study’s findings underscore the significant role of melatonin in improving sleep quality amongst Saudi Arabian adults. By providing empirical evidence of melatonin’s effectiveness in a specific cultural setting, the study adds a crucial dimension to the global understanding of sleep disorder management. These results advocate for the incorporation of melatonin in treatment regimens for sleep disorders, potentially influencing clinical practices in Saudi Arabia and beyond. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of considering cultural nuances in public health strategies and paves the way for further research into the long-term effects and broader applications of melatonin in diverse populations.