bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial inequality, characteristics of internal migration, and pulmonary tuberculosis in China, 2011–2016: A spatial analysis
Authors: He Wen-Chong , Ju Ke , Gao Ya-Min , Zhang Pei , Zhang Yin-Xia , Jiang Ye , Liao Weibin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Human migration facilitate the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Migrants face an increased risk of TB infection. In this study, we aim to explore the spatial inequity of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (SS + PTB) in China; and the spatial heterogeneity between SS + PTB and internal migration.Methods: Notified SS + PTB cases in 31 provinces in mainland China were obtained from the national web-based PTB surveillance system database. Internal migrant data were extracted from the report on China’s migrant population development. Spatial autocorrelations were explored using the global Moran’s statistic and local indicators of spatial association. The spatial variation in temporal trends was performed using Kulldorff’s scan statistic. Four fixed effects models were used to explore the spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration.Results: A total of 2 148 620 SS+PTB cases were reported in China between 2011 and 2016, of which, 1 549 664 (72.12%) were male and 598 956 (27.88%) were female. Over 70% of internal migrants were from rural households and had lower income and less educated. The spatial variation in temporal trend results showed that there was an 11.2% average annual decrease in the notification rate of SS + PTB from 2011 to 2016; and spatial clustering of SS + PTB cases was mainly located in western and southern China. The spatial autocorrelation results revealed significant spatial of internal migration each year (2011–2016), and the clusters were stable within most provinces. Internal emigrant and GDP per capita were significantly associated with SS + PTB, further, emigrant could explain more variation in SS + PTB in the eastern region in mainland. However, internal immigrant was not significantly associated with SS + PTB across China. Conclusions: Our study found a significant spatial inequity between SS + PTB and internal migration. Both emigration and GDP per capita were statistically associated with SS + PTB; the negative association was identified between emigrant and SS + PTB. Further, we found those migrants with lower income and less educated, and most of them were from rural households. These findings can help stakeholders to implement effective PTB control strategies for areas at high risk of PTB and those with high rates of internal migration.
Changes in Axial Length After Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment With Associated Choroidal Detachment
Authors: LI Jipeng , XU Jun , ZHAO Meng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND

The precise pre-operative measurements of axial length (AL) are essential for calculating intraocular lens power in cases undertaking pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with cataract surgery. The changes in AL after PPV for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) combined with choroidal detachment (CD) has not been reported. Here, we studied the postoperative AL changes in patients with RRD combined with CD (RRD-CD) and compared the changes in patients with RRD and tractional retinal detachment (TRD).
METHODS

In this retrospective cohort study, medical records of 129 patients who received PPV combined with silicone oil tamponade from January 2015 to December 2018 were reviewed. Patients included were divided into three groups, RRD-CD, RRD, and TRD. All patients had received AL measurements before PPV and before silicone oil removal (SOR). The changes in AL of three groups before PPV and before SOR were compared. The potential factors related to AL changes were analyzed.
RESULTS

The number of patients included in RRD-CD, RRD, TRD groups were 41, 43, and 45, respectively. In RRD-CD group, AL measured before SOR was longer than that measured before PPV with a median of 1.01 [0.37,1.79] mm (p = 0.02). There was no such significant difference in RRD group (0.15 [0.04, 0.42] mm, p = 0.58) or TRD group (0.07[-0.03,0.15] mm, p = 0.53). The amplitude of AL changes in RRD-CD group was greater than that in RRD group (p < 0.001) and that in TRD group (p < 0.001). AL increased 0.06 mm (0.06, R2 = 0.11, p = 0.03) in RRD-CD group and 0.02 mm (0.02, R2 = 0.11, p = 0.01) in RRD group when the IOP before SOR was 1 mmHg higher than that before PPV. After adjusting the effect of the factors as the presence of pathological myopia (p = 0.45), IOP before PPV (p = 0.86), sustained elevation of IOP in post-PPV follow up (p = 0.51), AL in RRD-CD group was 11.42 times (3.54, 46.80) more likely to increase for more than 1 mm compared to that in RRD group (p < 0.001, AIC = 86.15).
CONCLUSION

Patients with RRD-CD are very likely to have postoperative elongation of AL. The primary IOL implantation using pre-operative AL data may cause significant refractive error in combined surgery in patients with RRD-CD.
Boerhaave Syndrome Due to Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Two Case Reports
Authors: Haba Yuichiro , Yano Shungo , Akizuki Hikaru , Hashimoto Takashi , Naito Toshio , Hashiguchi Naoyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous esophageal rupture, or Boerhaave syndrome, is a fatal disorder caused by an elevated esophageal pressure derived from forceful vomiting, and subsequent presentation of chest pain, dyspnea, and shock.
Case presentation:
We present two cases of Boerhaave syndrome that were both triggered by excessive alcohol consumption and quickly detected in the emergency room. The first patient complained of severe chest pain, nausea, and vomited on his arrival: he was diagnosed with Boerhaave syndrome complicated with mediastinitis from the computed tomography (CT) and esophagogram findings. An emergency operation was successfully performed, where a 3-cm tear was found on the left-posterior wall of the distal esophagus. The patient subsequently suffered from anastomotic leakage but was discharged 41 days later. The second patient reported severe chest pain, nausea, vomiting, and hematemesis on his arrival: he was suspected of having Boerhaave syndrome without mediastinitis based on the CT findings. The symptoms gradually disappeared after a conservative treatment. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed on the 9th day revealed a scar on the left wall of the distal esophagus. The patient was discharged 11 days later. In addition to the varying severity between the cases, the second patient was also differently diagnosed with Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
Conclusion
Emergency clinicians must accurately distinguish Boerhaave syndrome from Mallory-Weiss syndrome as they both have similar history and symptoms. CT can be a valuable and useful modality to detect any severity of Boerhaave syndrome.
A Stakeholder-based Evaluation of Engineering ESP Courses’ Effectiveness
Authors: Alemi Minoo , Pazoki Saeedeh Jafari 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Investigating stakeholders’ perception about course success has been signified as a useful method for program evaluation. This study focused on evaluating English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs in engineering departments at Iranian state universities through examining the view of stakeholders. Engineering students (N=100) and ESP practitioners (N=8) participated in interviews and non-participant observations were carried out to achieve a better insight into the actual learning and teaching contexts. Responses showed that some obstacles such as 1) low GE proficiency of students and heterogeneous classes, 2) limited time, 3) ministry decision for making the course elective, 4) students’ low motivation, 5) teachers’ low motivation, 6) inappropriate materials and teaching methods hindered course usefulness and effectiveness from the perspective of the participants. The findings urged the importance of comprehensive needs analysis to resolve the controversies among stakeholders about course objective and contents and to eliminate the mismatches between course objectives and students’ expectations.
Target Registration Errors in Navigation-assisted Mandibular Surgery According to the Tracking Methods and the Type of Markers
Authors: Kang Hee-Guen , Kang Sang-Hoon , Son Young-Don , Kim Hang-Keun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background:

This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of navigation process according to the type of tracking methods and registration markers. The target registration errors (TREs) were measured at seven anatomical landmarks of the mandible for evaluation.
Methods:

Four different experiments were performed to obtain the TREs using two different tracking methods, the optical tracker (Polaris) and the electromagnetic (EM) tracker (Aurora), and two different types of registration markers, invasive and noninvasive markers. All comparisons of TREs were statistically analyzed using SPSS and Python-based statistical package (Pingouin).
Results:

The average TRE values obtained from the four different experiments were as follows: 1) 0.85 mm using invasive marker and Aurora, 2) 1.06 mm using invasive marker and Polaris, 3) 1.43 mm using noninvasive marker and Aurora, and 4) 1.57 mm using noninvasive marker and Polaris. All comparisons among the type of markers and the seven anatomical landmarks revealed statistically significant differences, except for the type of tracking system. Although the comparison between the modality of the tracking system showed no significant differences, the EM-based approach consistently demonstrated better performances than the optical type in all comparisons.
Conclusions:

This study demonstrates that, irrespective of the tracking modality, the invasive marker is a better choice in terms of accuracy. When using the noninvasive marker, it is important to consider the increased TREs. In the present study, the noninvasive marker caused a maximum increment of TREs of approximately 0.81 mm compared with the invasive marker. Furthermore, EM-based tracking using an invasive marker may result in the best accuracy for the mandible.
Angiotensin-(1-7) oral formulation improves physical performance in mountain bike athletes: a double-blinded crossover study
Authors: Moura Samara Silva de , Mendes Adália Táci Pereira , Martins-Júnior Francisco de Assis Dias , Totou Nádia Lúcia , Coelho Daniel Barbosa , Oliveira Emerson Cruz de , Motta-Santos Daisy , Santos Robson Augusto Souza dos , Becker Lenice Kappes 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective

This study examined the effects of HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) oral supplement on performance of mountain bike (MTB) athletes.
Methods

Fourteen recreational athletes, involved in training programs for at least one year, participated in this crossover design study. Subjects underwent two days of testing with a seven-day interval. HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) (1.75 mg) and HPβCD-Placebo were provided in capsules three hours prior to tests. To determine the safety of the HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) formulation associated with physical effort, cardiovascular parameters heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were analyzed. Physical performance was measured using maximal oxygen uptake (VO2), total exercise time (TET), mechanical work (MW), mechanical efficiency (ME), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Respiratory exchange coefficient (REC), lactate and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. Maximal incremental tests were performed on a progressively loaded leg cycle ergometer.
Results

There were no significant differences in terms of HR or BP at rest and maximum effort between the Ang-(1–7) and placebo groups. The VO2max showed significant differences (p = 0.04). It was higher in the Ang-(1–7)condition (66.15 ml/kg/min) compared to the placebo (60.72 ml/kg/min). This was also observed for TET (Ang-(1–7) 39.10 min vs. placebo 38.14 min; p = 0.04), MW (Ang-(1–7) 156.7 vs. placebo 148.2; p = 0.04), and at the lowest RPE (Ang-(1–7) vs. placebo; p = 0.009). No significant differences were observed for REC, NEFAs, or Lactate.
Conclusion

These results suggest that HPβ-CD-Ang-(1–7) improves the physical performance of MTB recreational athletes and could be a promising supplement.
A case-control study of childhood trauma and recent adverse life events in the development of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Dong Zhiyu , Wang Xiaomei , Xuan Liqian , Wang Junwen , Zhan Tingting , Chen Ying , Xu Shuchang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood trauma has been found to be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adulthood, whereas whether recent adverse life events affect the effect of childhood trauma on IBS is still poorly understood.Methods: 56 IBS and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Life Event Scale, IBS – Quality Of Life (IBS-QOL), IBS – Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) and MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were completed in IBS patients and healthy controls. The logistic regression model, correlation analysis and student t-test were used to investigate the relationship among childhood trauma, recent adverse life events and IBS.Results: Gender, emotional abuse and recent adverse life events were independent predictors for IBS in adulthood. The overall CTQ was highly correlated with IBS-QOL and mental component summary in SF-36, but was moderately and weakly correlated with IBS-SSS and physical component summary in SF-36 respectively. The similar correlation of overall CTQ with IBS-QOL, physical component summary and mental component summary was found in both subgroups stratified by recent adverse life events. However, the correlation between overall CTQ and IBS-SSS was blunted in IBS patients with recent adverse life events. There was no significant difference on severity of symptoms and life quality between IBS patients who had experience of childhood trauma with or without recent adverse life events.Conclusions Female gender, emotional abuse and recent adverse life events were associated with a higher prevelance of IBS in adulthood. Childhood trauma might enhence severity of symptoms and worsen quality of life in IBS patients. However, recent adverse life events might dilute this correlation of childhood trauma with severity of symptoms, but not stengthen the effect of childhood trauma on symptoms.
Connecting the Dots: Behavioral State Resource Selection in Wild Pigs in the Southeast United States
Authors: Clontz Lindsay , Pepin Kim M. , VerCauteren Kurt C. , Beasley James C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are behavioral generalists that have the potential to alter ecosystems across broad spatial scales. Elucidating the correlation between wild pig behavior and landscape attributes can aid in the advancement of management strategies for controlling populations.
Methods

Using GPS data from 49 wild pigs in the southeastern U.S., we used movement characteristics to distinguish and define behaviors and explore the connection between these behaviors and resource selection for both females and males between two distinct seasons based on forage availability. We extracted three biologically relevant behaviors of wild pigs from our movement data using hidden Markov models, which we inferred to represent resting, foraging, and traveling behavioral states. We then used multi-scale resource selection functions to quantify resource selection at the population and home-range scales for each behavioral state.
Results

Females demonstrated a crepuscular movement pattern in the high-forage season and a variable pattern in the low-forage season, with increased traveling and foraging activity during the daytime and evening hours, while males consistently demonstrated a nocturnal pattern across both seasons. At the population scale, wild pigs selected for forest vegetation types (i.e., upland pines, upland hardwoods, bottomland hardwoods) in both the low- and high-forage seasons, likely reflecting their ubiquitous establishment throughout the landscape. At the home-range scale, wild pigs selected for bottomland hardwoods and dense canopy cover in all behavioral states. In addition, males demonstrated selection for a variety of vegetation types while foraging in the low-forage season compared to the high-forage season and demonstrated an increased use of linear anthropogenic features (e.g., roads) across seasons while traveling.
Conclusions

Our results demonstrate male and female pigs exhibit clear differences in movement behavior. Further, although wild pigs can establish populations and home ranges in an array of landscapes and habitat types, there are key resources associated with common behaviors they select consistently at a fine scale that can be targeted in conservation and management programs across their invasive range.
Free Radical Conservation and Quantitative Research on Radiation Effects
Authors: Xia Hezhou , Wang Shaohua , Qiu Jianhui , Liao Tao , Chen Yuxia , Chen Mingli 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to quantitatively study the influence of direct and indirect action on the radiation effect and its production mechanism. As the indirect action of radiation effects is triggered by the radiolysis of free water molecules, the free radical conservation equation for the same radiation effect is deduced by the definition and theoretical analysis of the radiation effects of microbial cells and biologically active macromolecules with different water contents. Through the free radicals conservation equation, these values were quantitatively calculated with different water contents, which were the D37 value of microbial cells or biological macromolecules, the proportion of direct action and indirect action, the influence on the target volume and number of targets, and the influence on radiation effects. These quantitative calculation results from the free radical conservation equation show that as the water content increases from 0, the radiation sensitivity of RNase and DNA molecules continues to increase, the direct actions gradually decrease, and the indirect actions continue to increase. The quantitative calculation value of D37 decreases with the increase of water content, and the quantitative calculation value of RNase target volume increases with the increase of water content. These quantitative calculation results are completely consistent with the theories and research results of radiation chemistry and radiation biology, fully revealing that the free radical conservation equation is in accordance with objective reality and is scientifically effective. It has laid a scientific theoretical foundation for the quantitative research and application of radiation effects in the future.
Retesting Positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Reveals Low Levels of Non-Replicating Virus
Authors: Liotti Flora Marzia , Menchinelli Giulia , Marchetti Simona , Ricci Rosalba , Posteraro Brunella , Landi Francesco , Sanguinetti Maurizio , Cattani Paola 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The follow-up of COVID-19 recovered patients is especially important to assess their infectivity and/or transmissibility statuses in order to maximize the COVID-19 management and containment. The aim of this study was to determine both total (genomic) and replicative (sub-genomic) SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in nasal/oropharyngeal swab (NOS) samples from patients at follow-up times after COVID-19 recovering. Materials/methods: We tested 176 NOS samples of COVID-19 recovered patients who were followed up at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS in Rome from 21 April to 18 June 2020, according to our COVID-19 care protocol. The RT-PCR tests were performed using the Allplex™ 2019-nCoV and the Quanty COVID-19 assays (for total RNA detection and quantification, respectively) and an in-house assay (for replicative RNA detection). Results: Of 176 NOS samples studied, 32 (18.2%) tested positive for total RNA, with CT values ranging from 29.3 to 38.8 for E, RdRP, and N genes (9 samples), 32.2 to 39.3 for RdRP and N genes (7 samples) or 35.8 to 39.8 for the N gene (16 samples). Consistently, viral loads ranged from 1.6 × 101 to 1.3 × 104 RNA copies/mL. Interestingly, we found replicative RNA in only one of 32 positive samples based on the presence of E-gene sub-genomic RNA (CT value of 39.1). The CT value (29.3) of E-gene genomic RNA in this sample was the lowest among the CT values of all 9 samples in which the E gene was detected. Testing samples obtained from the 32 patients at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis showed that the CT values ranged from 17.1 to 38.1 for E, RdRP, and N genes. Of note, the mean CT value of E-gene sub-genomic RNA (34.9) in these samples differed of 9.0 ± 2.8 from the mean CT value of E-gene genomic RNA (25.9). Finally, all but one of the 32 patients had positive serology results against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Our findings show that at least a proportion of COVID-19 recovered patients were still positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, despite to a lower extent, and that only a minority of them was likely to have actively replicating virus in the upper respiratory tract.
Determinants of Adequate Response of Patient Undergoing Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Silva Thales Philipe Rodrigues , Silva Flávia Moraes , Mendes Larissa Loures , D'assunção Alexandra Dias Moreira , Araujo Lauro Pinheiro Ferreira de , Matozinhos Isabela Penido , Lachtim Sheila Aparecida Ferreira , Andrade Roberto Guimarães Cabezas , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is known to induce, on average,60 to 75% excess body weight loss between 18 and 24 months post-surgery. However, several studies have shown weight regain after two years post-surgery, thus patients must have adequate follow-up in order to guarantee and/or maintain response to RYGB. AIM: To evaluate the determinants of adequate response in patients who underwent RYGB. METHODS: A longitudinal study with 193 adults who underwent RYGB between 2012 and 2014. Adequate response to RYGB was determined by Excess Weight Loss (%EWL). Logistic regression models were constructed to verify the degree of association between adequate response of patient after RYGB and determinants of variable risk based on estimate Odds Ratios (OR). RESULTS: RYGB improves Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and body mass index (BMI). From the multivariate logistic regression model, being female and not having SAH and DM reduce the chance of inadequate RYGB response. Regarding preoperative BMI, an increase in one unit of kg/m2 was associated with increased odds of inadequate response after RYGB. And patients who did not receive follow-up care with a psychologist or psychiatrist in the postoperative period presented higher odds of inadequate response to RYGB. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study contribute to the effective planning of interventions by multi-professional teams involved in RYGB, aimed at offering a better follow-up care focused mainly on post-surgery changes and adequate RYGB response.