bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color conversion properties of various thick‐film phosphor‐in‐glasses depending on structural design for white LEDs
Authors: Nam Yoon Hee , Han Karam , Chung Woon Jin , Im Won Bin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThick‐film phosphor‐in‐glasses (PiGs) were fabricated via a screen‐printing method with various phosphor layer structures, to compose a white light emitting diode (LED). Green (Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+) and red (CaAlSiN3:Eu2+) phosphors were mixed, layered, and patterned on a glass substrate. The chromaticity of each structured PiG was tuned to achieve a white LED by varying phosphor content and thickness. The emission spectra and the related various color conversion properties, including color coordinates, correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI), luminous efficacy (LE) and the color gamut of the mounted PiGs with different phosphor layer structures were examined and compared. Time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements of the white LEDs with various phosphor layer structural designs were also obtained and compared. It was observed that spectral variation depended on the PiG layer structure. A proper PiG layer structural design was discussed for practical applications.
Influence of composition and microstructure on transparency and diffusivity in ion‐exchangeable spinel glass‐ceramics
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra L. , Smith Charlene M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIon‐exchangeable, transparent spinel glass‐ceramics are presented and discussed here for the first time. To retain transparency with increasing crystallinity, spinel glass‐ceramics must have uniform crystallization of small (~9 nm) crystallites, not large spherulitic structures comprised of small crystallites. To obtain such a uniform microstructure, the amount of total nucleating agents (ZrO2 + TiO2) in the precursor glass composition must be greater than 5 mol%. With small changes in composition and significant differences in microstructure, the demarcation between transparent and opaque glass‐ceramics is distinct as is the decrease in K diffusivity during ion‐exchange from the transparent (14.7 microns2/h) to the opaque (11.2 microns2/h) compositions. Understanding how to retain transparency during ceramming and increase diffusivity during chemical strengthening is critical in designing materials for many real‐world applications.Ion‐exchangeable, transparent spinel glass‐ceramics are presented and discussed here for the first time. To retain transparency with increasing crystallinity, spinel glass‐ceramics must have uniform crystallization of small (~9 nm) crystallites, not large spherulitic structures comprised of small crystallites. To obtain such a uniform microstructure, the amount of total nucleating agents (ZrO2 + TiO2) in the precursor glass composition must be greater than 5 mol%. With small changes in composition and significant differences in microstructure, the demarcation between transparent and opaque glass‐ceramics is distinct as is the decrease in K diffusivity during ion‐exchange from the transparent (14.7 microns2/h) to the opaque (11.2 microns2/h) compositions. Understanding how to retain transparency during ceramming and increase diffusivity during chemical strengthening is critical in designing materials for many real‐world applications.
Does ethical leadership boost nurses’ patient‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviours? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Qiu Shaoping , Dooley Larry M. , Deng Ruidi , Li Liqiong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationships between perceived ethical leadership, perceived interactional justice climate, and patient‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviour.DesignA cross‐sectional non‐experimental design was employed.MethodsThe convenience sampling was adopted. Data were collected in July and August 2018. A total of 738 nurses were recruited from eight Chinese hospitals. The survey included instrument scales of ethical leadership, interactional justice climate, and patient‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviour. SPSS version 22 was used to compute means, standard deviations, and intercorrelations. The partial least squares structural equation modelling was chosen to estimate the path coefficients of the relationships.ResultsRelationships among perceived ethical leadership, perceived interactional justice climate, and organizational citizenship behaviours were statistically significant. Perceived interactional justice climate mediated the relationship between perceived ethical leadership and nurses’ organizational citizenship behaviours.ConclusionsEthical leadership is related to interactional justice climate, which, in turn, increases nurses’ organizational citizenship behaviour. Nurse leaders are encouraged to exhibit ethical behaviours and to create justice climate. Ethical leadership scale can be used to select, train, and evaluate the nurse supervisors and managers.ImpactHospital administrators are encouraged to recruit and promote those with both moral compass and leadership potential to nursing leadership positions. Nursing managers should create a justice climate in their hospitals. Hospital administrators could use ethical leadership scale to develop ethical leadership training programmes.
Ain't I Too a Mulher? Implications of Black Lesbians’ Well‐being, Self‐care, and Gynecology in Brazil
Authors: Falu Nessette 
Published: March 2020

ResumenEste artigo trata da interseção de raça, classe, gênero, sexualidade e até identidade religiosa como locais bioculturais de luta e transformação no contexto médico da ginecologia no Brasil. Para as lésbicas negras, a interação ginecológica é moldada através da negociação dialógica dos discursos sociais sobre saúde em sua relação com raça, gênero e sexualidade. Ao enfocar o impacto da identidade de gênero, consciência racial, narrativas médicas e autocuidado não normativo sobre as lésbicas negras em Salvador, Bahia, argumento que suas fontes de empoderamento muitas vezes destroem noções presumidas de precariedade sobre sua saúde, exames de rotina., recuperações cirúrgicas e qualidade de vida. Chamo a atenção para a produção de conhecimento deles como estratégias ontológicas para orientar suas decisões sobre exames ginecológicos e histerectomias que abordam sua vulnerabilidade em relação às suas preocupações mais amplas de disparidades raciais e de saúde.[alto‐cuidadocandomblé, ginecologia, lésbicas, raça]
Cross‐talk between dopamine D1 and corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors leads to occlusion of their ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Yarur Hector E. , González Marcela P. , Verbel‐Vergara Daniel , Andrés María E. , Gysling Katia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne manner in which G protein–coupled receptors potentiate, increase, and change their functionality is through the formation of heteromers in a specific cellular context. Previously, we have shown that dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) and the corticotropin releasing factor receptor type‐2α (CRF2α) heteromerize in HEK293T cells, enabling D1R to mobilize intracellular calcium in response to D1R agonists. In this study, we further investigated the pharmacological properties of the CRF2α‐D1R heteromer and the consequences of the heteromerization in their signaling and subcellular localization when both receptors are co‐expressed in HEK293T cells. Using immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that the addition of 10 μM dopamine in the incubation medium significantly decreased the amount of CRF2α on the cell surface of cells expressing both receptors. The presence of agonists of both receptors increased the interaction between CRF2α and D1R as assessed by co‐immunoprecipitation. However, the presence of agonists of both receptors resulted in a lesser efficient activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. Using a synaptosomal preparation of rat prefrontal cortex devoid of post‐synaptic elements, we found that CRF2α and D1R co‐localize in synaptic terminals of the rat medial prefrontal cortex and that the simultaneous activation of both receptors also occluded phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. These results strengthen the idea that the heteromer CRF2a‐D1R is an entity functionally different from each receptor that composes it and suggests that its formation is enhanced by CRF and dopamine co‐transmission, as occurs in stress and addiction.
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Economic Transition, Class Formation, and the Superintendent State in the Midwest: 1850‐1900
Authors: Bauerly Brad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article outlines and clarifies the complex relationship between economic development, the formation of classes, political movement responses to these changes, and state institutional capacity building in response to these movements in the Midwestern US. It seeks to remedy views of the transition to capitalism in America that focus too narrowly on a moment of transition, positing instead a long, politically contested process of class formation by elucidating the specific interactions between agrarian and union movements and state‐building processes. Our research reveals the substantial role of the state in forcing through acceptance of economic changes and shifting class locations through a co‐developmental process of political resistance movements and state‐building.
Productive performance, lipid profile and caecum microbial counts of growing rabbits treated with humic acid
Authors: Abdl Razek Mohmed Mohmed Shimaa , Elsebai Azza , Elghalid Osama A. , Abd El‐Hady Ahmed M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a humic acid (HA)‐supplemented diet on productive performance and some physiological parameters of growing rabbits. A total of 80 weaned V‐line rabbits at an age of 4 weeks were randomly divided into four groups. Rabbits of groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed diet containing 35 (HA35), 70 (HA70) and 105 (HA105) mg Humic acid/kg diet while the first group served as control (HA0). Body weight gain was positively affected by HA treatment. HA105 rabbits had the improved feed conversion value. HA treatments had significantly reduced plasma cholesterol concentration and significant increased red blood cells, white blood cells count and plasma high‐density lipoprotein concentrations. However, serum aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities, creatinine and the apparent nutrients digestibility values were not affected by HA treatments. Organic matter digestibility of all HA‐treated groups significantly increased compared with HA0. At 63 days of age (after 35 days of treatment), caecum microbial counts decreased (total bacteria and Escherichia coli) with HA treatments. Generally HA could be considered as a biological as growth promoter feed additive alternative to antibiotics.
The Organelle Genomes in the Photosynthetic Red Algal Parasite Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica (Florideophyceae, Rhodophyta) Have Elevated Substitution Rates and Extreme Gene Loss in the Plastid Genome
Authors: Preuss Maren , Verbruggen Heroen , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: March 2020

Comparative organelle genome studies of parasites can highlight genetic changes that occur during the transition from a free‐living to a parasitic state. Our study focuses on a poorly studied group of red algal parasites, which are often closely related to their red algal hosts and from which they presumably evolved. Most of these parasites are pigmented and some show photosynthetic capacity. Here, we assembled and annotated the complete organelle genomes of the photosynthetic red algal parasite, Pterocladiophila hemisphaerica. The plastid genome is the smallest known red algal plastid genome at 68,701 bp. The plastid genome has many genes missing, including all photosynthesis‐related genes. In contrast, the mitochondrial genome is similar in architecture to that of other free‐living red algae. Both organelle genomes show elevated mutation rates and significant changes in patterns of selection, measured as dN/dS ratios. This caused phylogenetic analyses, even of multiple aligned proteins, to be unresolved or give contradictory relationships. Full plastid datasets interfered by selected best gene evolution models showed the supported relationship of P. hemisphaerica within the Ceramiales, but the parasite was grouped with support as sister to the Gracilariales when interfered under the GHOST model. Nuclear rDNA showed a supported grouping of the parasite within a clade containing several red algal orders including the Gelidiales. This photosynthetic parasite, which is unable to photosynthesize with its own plastid due to the total loss of all photosynthesis genes, raises intriguing questions on parasite–host organelle genome capabilities and interactions.
Formation of Libyan Desert Glass: Numerical simulations of melting of silica due to radiation from near‐surface airbursts
Authors: Svetsov Vladimir , Shuvalov Valery , Kosarev Igor 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLibyan Desert Glass contains meteoritic material and, therefore, its origin is most likely associated with an impact event. However, the impact crater has not been found. We performed numerical simulations of impacts of stony and cometary bodies in order to confirm the version that this glass was formed from silica heated by radiation from aerial bursts near the ground. Asteroids were treated as strengthless bodies from dunite with a density of 3.3 g cm−3, and comets as icy bodies with a density of 1 g cm−3. The simulations based on hydrodynamic equations included the equations of radiation transfer. Melting and vaporization of a silica target under action of radiation incident on a planar surface were modeled using a one‐dimensional hydrodynamic equation of energy and equations of radiation transfer in two‐flux approximation. We selected those variants of simulations in which a crater is not formed, a fireball touches the earth surface, and the area of a molten target corresponds to the area of the Libyan Desert Glass strewn field. Appropriate options include the impact of an asteroid with a diameter of 300 m, an entry speed of 35 km s−1, and an entry angle of 8°, and cometary bodies with diameters from 150 to 300 m, speeds of 50–70 km s−1, and entry angles from 15° to 45°. Impact options with crater formation are also discussed. The maximum depth of molten silica at ground zero reaches 10 cm with the cometary impacts and 3–4 cm with the asteroidal impact. Melting occurs during a period of time from 50 to 400 s.
Schopenhauer on the content of compassion
Authors: Marshall Colin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOn the traditional reading, Schopenhauer claims that compassion is the recognition of deep metaphysical unity. In this paper, I defend and develop the traditional reading. I begin by addressing three recent criticisms of that reading from Sandra Shapshay: that it fails to accommodate Schopenhauer's restriction to sentient beings, that it cannot explain his moral ranking of egoism over malice, and that Schopenhauer requires some level of distinction to remain in compassion. Against Shapshay, I argue that Schopenhauer does not restrict compassion to sentient beings and that a more metaphysically refined version of the traditional reading can accommodate both Schopenhauer's moral ranking of characters and allow for some level of distinction in compassion. I then turn to four further questions for the traditional reading: what the relation is between the feeling of compassionate pain and the recognition of metaphysical unity, how cognitions mediate compassion, whether compassion is limited to the present, and how the feeling of compassion relates to Schopenhauer's fundamental moral principle. I conclude by explaining how, in a reductive vein, the traditional reading can also allow for compassion to have normative content.
The strawberry transcription factor FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation by activation of FaMYB10 and anthocyanin pathway genes
Authors: Zhang Zuying , Shi Yanna , Ma Yuchen , Yang Xiaofang , Yin Xueren , Zhang Yuanyuan , Xiao Yuwei , Liu Wenli , Li Yunduan , Li Shaojia , Liu Xiaofen , Grierson Donald , Allan Andrew C. , Jiang Guihua , Chen Kunsong 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe RAV (related to ABI3/viviparous 1) group of transcription factors (TFs) play multifaceted roles in plant development and stress responses. Here, we show that strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation during fruit ripening via a hierarchy of activation processes. Dual‐luciferase assay screening of all fruit‐expressed AP2/ERFs showed FaRAV1 had the highest transcriptional activation of the promoter of FaMYB10, a key activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Yeast one‐hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that FaRAV1 could directly bind to the promoter of FaMYB10. Transient overexpression of FaRAV1 in strawberry fruit increased FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin production significantly. Correspondingly, transient RNA interference‐induced silencing of FaRAV1 led to decreases in FaMYB10 expression and anthocyanin content. Transcriptome analysis of FaRAV1‐overexpressing strawberry fruit revealed that transcripts of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes were up‐regulated. Luciferase assays showed that FaRAV1 could also activate the promoters of strawberry anthocyanin biosynthetic genes directly, revealing a second level of FaRAV1 action in promoting anthocyanin accumulation. These results show that FaRAV1 stimulates anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry both by direct activation of anthocyanin pathway gene promoters and by up‐regulation of FaMYB10, which also positively regulates these genes.
Epidemiology of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Japanese neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Tsujiwaki Atsushi , Hisata Ken , Tohyama Yudai , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Uehara Yuki , Sasaki Takashi , Hiramatsu Keiichi , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere have been few reports on the genetic structure of the current population of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan. In the present study we conducted a molecular epidemiological analysis based on whole genome sequencing against MRSA strains in a Japanese NICU.MethodsWe performed genotyping by whole genome sequencing, polymerase chain reaction‐based typing of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and polymerase chain reaction‐based open‐reading frame typing against 57 MRSA strains from fecal or nasal specimens from NICU patients in Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital in 2013–2014.ResultsForty‐nine MRSA strains (86.0%) exhibited a clonal complex (CC) 1, and were divided into three sequence types (STs): ST2725 (n = 25), ST2764 (n = 21), and ST1 (n = 3). All CC1 MRSA strains had SCCmec IVa, and were resistant to new quinolones, which are limited in pediatric use, suggesting that these strains were derived from adult MRSA clones. Single nucleotide polymorphism differences of both ≤10 and >100 nucleotides were observed by pairwise, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis among ST2725 and ST2764 MRSA strains, respectively. Seven ST8 MRSA strains (12.2%) were isolated, and no strain exhibiting the Japanese hospital‐associated MRSA genotype (ST5/SCCmec II) was isolated in this study.ConclusionsOur molecular epidemiological analysis suggested that ST2725 and ST2764 MRSA strains had genetic diversity that could not be explained only by a recent transmission event in the NICU. These MRSA clones might be disseminated in other Japanese hospital facilities as new endemic clones. Our results are expected to contribute to the improvement of infection control measures of MRSA in NICUs.
Exploring social and health care representations about home birth: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Rodríguez‐Garrido Pía , Pino‐Morán Juan Andrés , Goberna‐Tricas Josefina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsExploring social and health care representations of home birth by conducting an integrative review of the literature.DesignIntegrative Literature Review.Data sourcesThe search was based on the following keywords: “birth, home,” “home birth,” “childbirth, home.” And the terms: “planned home birth,” and “empowerment women homebirth” (in English). “partos en casa,” and “partos domiciliarios” (in Spanish) in the following databases: Biomedical Central, Cochrane Library, Dialnet, DOAJ, Lilacs, PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science.Review methodsA total of 156 publications dated between 2004 and 2017 were initially obtained and a total of 41 articles were finally selected according to the criteria of inclusion, methodological rigor, and researchers’ triangulation.ResultsFour dimensions of the issue emerged out of the 41 articles analyzed: (a) the Dimension of “Empowerment in Childbirth;” (b) the Dimension of “Comparative Socio‐Medical Childbirth Studies;” (c) the “Institutional Dimension of Childbirth;” (d) the “Cultural Dimension of Childbirth.”ConclusionFrom the health management perspective, home birth is not widely accepted today as a valid and safe alternative. However, women's social representations indicate an interest in returning to birth at home as a response to the excessive medicalization and institutionalization of childbirth, and value highly its autonomy and comfort.
FLOURY ENDOSPERM11‐2 encodes plastid HSP70‐2 involved with the temperature‐dependent chalkiness of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains
Authors: Tabassum Rehenuma , Dosaka Tokinori , Ichida Hiroyuki , Morita Ryouhei , Ding Yifan , Abe Tomoko , Katsube‐Tanaka Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe frequent occurrence of chalky rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains becomes a serious problem as a result of climate change. The molecular mechanism underlying chalkiness is largely unknown, however. In this study, the temperature‐sensitive floury endosperm11‐2 (flo11‐2) mutant was isolated from ion beam‐irradiated rice of 1116 lines. The flo11‐2 mutant showed significantly higher chalkiness than the wild type grown under a mean temperature of 28°C, but similar levels of chalkiness to the wild type grown under a mean temperature of 24°C. Whole‐exome sequencing of the flo11‐2 mutant showed three causal gene candidates, including Os12g0244100, which encodes the plastid‐localized 70‐kDa heat shock protein 2 (cpHSP70‐2). The cpHSP70‐2 of the flo11‐2 mutant has an amino acid substitution on the 259th aspartic acid with valine (D259V) in the conserved Motif 5 of the ATPase domain. Transgenic flo11‐2 mutants that express the wild‐type cpHSP70‐2 showed significantly lower chalkiness than the flo11‐2 mutant. Moreover, the accumulation level of cpHSP70‐2 was negatively correlated with the chalky ratio, indicating that cpHSP70‐2 is a causal gene for the chalkiness of the flo11‐2 mutant. The intrinsic ATPase activity of recombinant cpHSP70‐2 was lower by 23% at Vmax for the flo11‐2 mutant than for the wild type. The growth of DnaK‐defective Escherichia coli cells complemented with DnaK with the D201V mutation (equivalent to the D259V mutation) was severely reduced at 37°C, but not in the wild‐type DnaK. The results indicate that the lowered cpHSP70‐2 function is involved with the chalkiness of the flo11‐2 mutant.