bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Dietary Fiber Methods for Foods
Authors: Heckman Mary M , Lane Susan A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In order to evaluate several proposed dietary fiber methods, 12 food samples, representing different food classes, were analyzed by (1) neutral and acid detergent fiber methods (NDF, ADF); (2) NDF with enzyme modification (ENDF); (3) a 2-fraction enzyme method for soluble, insoluble, and total dietary fiber, proposed by Furda (SDF, IDF, TDF); (4) a 1-fraction enzyme method for total dietary fiber proposed by Hellendoorn (TDF). Foods included cereals, fruits, vegetables, pectin, locust bean gum, and soybean polysaccharides. Results show that TDF by Furda and Hellendoorn methods agree reasonably well with literature values by the Southgate method, but ENDF is consistently lower; that ENDF and IDF (Furda method) agree reasonably well; that except for corn bran fiber (insoluble) and pectin and locust bean fiber (soluble), all materials have significant fractions of both soluble and insoluble fiber. The Furda method was used on numerous food and ingredient samples and was found to be practical and informative and to have acceptable precision (RSD values of 2.65–7.05%). It is suggested that the Furda (or similar) method be given consideration for the analysis of foods for dietary fiber.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ethoxyquin in Paprika and Chili Powder
Authors: Perfetti Gracia A , Warner Charles R , Fazio Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the determination of ethoxyquin (1,2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) in paprika and chili powder. Ethoxyquin is extracted from the spice with hexane and partitioned into 0.3N HCl. After adjusting the solution to pH 13-14, ethoxyquin is extracted into hexane, and the hexane layer is evaporated to dryness. An acetonitrile solution of the residue is then analyzed by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography with detection at 254 nm. The mobile phase is water-acetonitrile with ammonium acetate buffer. Recoveries from samples fortified at 50, 100, and 200 ppm averaged 92% with a coefficient of variation of 2.3%. The method was applied to a number of commercial samples of paprika and chili powder. Ethoxyquin was found in paprika samples at levels up to 63 ppm and in chili powder samples at levels up to 20 ppm
Automated High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Intermediates and Side Reaction Products in FD&C Red No. 3
Authors: Goldberg Allen L , Calvey Robert J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, reproducible method that uses high performance liquid chromatography in the reverse phase mode is described for the determination of intermediates and side reaction products in FD&C Red No. 3. With this method, 2 intermediates, phthalic acid and resorcinol, and 2 side reaction products, 2-(2',4'-dihydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid and 2-(2',4'-dihydroxy-3',5'-diiodobenzoyl)benzoic acid, are eluted in a reproducible pattern as a gradient increases the organic nature of the buffered mobile phase. Fhthalic acid and the 2 side reaction products are quantitated. The intermediate resorcinol is detected but not quantitated. Recoveries averaged 99.4-102.8% for phthalic acid and the 2 side reaction products added to samples of FD&C Red No. 3 at levels ranging from 0.02 to 0.22%.
Improved Radioimmunoassay of Staphylococcai Enterotoxin A
Authors: Dickie Nester , Mumtaz Akhtar Syed 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed for detecting staphylococcai enterotoxin A (SEA) in food. The method detected 85-100% SEA added to extracts of 6 kinds of foods, and 52-100% SEA added directly to foods at a concentration of 1 ng/g. Assay sensitivity is about 0.3 ng toxin/mL extract. The method is specific for SEA; results are only marginally affected by staphylococcai enterotoxins B and C2 present at concentrations as high as 500 ng/mL extract
Differential Pulse Polarographic Determination of Total Iodine in Milk
Authors: Ralph Curtis A , Hamming Percy 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A differential pulse polarographic method for total iodine in milk is presented. Samples are ashed, sodium hypochlorite is added to oxidize iodide to iodate, and the product is mixed with sodium sulfite solution and measured by differential pulse polarography at μ90 V against SCE. The standard deviation for 53 duplicate samples was 0.011. Average recovery for 10 or more samples at different levels was 98.6% with a standard deviation of 2.9%.
Reverse Phase High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Arprinocid in Animal Feeds
Authors: Thorpe Virginia A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple method is presented for determination of arprinocid in finished feeds by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The sample is extracted with 95% DMF, the major feed interferences are removed by alumina chromatography, and arprinocid is separated from the remaining interferences on the HPLC column. The peak height detected at 254 nm can be quantitated by direct comparison with the working standard.
Radioimmunoassay for Hygromycin B in Feeds
Authors: Foglesong Mark A , Lefeber Debra S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A radioimmunoassay developed for the determination of hygromycin B in feed gave a coefficient of variation of 3%. Results showed 97-103% recovery of the antibiotic from various feed mixtures. Specificity studies with rabbit-anti-hygromycin B antibody showed insignificant cross reactivity with other antibiotics commonly used in combination with hygromycin B.
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Zearalenone and Zearalenols in Rat Urine and Liver
Authors: James Lynda J , McGirr Larry G , Smith Trevor K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high pressure liquid chromatographic technique with internal standardization has been developed for determining zearalenone and metabolites in rat urine and liver. Following extraction with methylene chloride and solvent partition, samples are cleaned up by applying the extract to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluting with a mixture of benzene-methanol (85 + 15). Compounds were resolved on 2 Partisil- 10 columns (25 cm × 4.6 mm id) in series with a mobile phase of isooctane-chloroform-methanol (35 + 25 + 3), and detected at 280 nm. The internal standard was 6'αa-acetoxyzearalane. Limits of detection were about 2.0 ng for zearalenone and 5.0 ng for zearalenols (6'-hydroxyzearalane). Zearalenone and zearalenols were excreted mainly in free form with relatively little glucuronide conjugation. Metabolism of zearalenone to free zearalenol was minor compared with formation of bound forms.
Fluorometric Determination of Dehydroacetic Acid in Mascara Products
Authors: Demers Francois X , Yates Ronald L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fluorometric method tor the determination of dehydroacetic acid in mascara products was developed. The method is based on the formation of the fluorophore γ-pyroxonium borate, which occurs when dehydroacetic acid is reacted with sulfuric and boric acids. Fluorescence intensity is measured and the amount of dehydroacetic acid is determined from a standard calibration curve. Studies were conducted at the 0.1,0.05, and 0.01% levels. Recoveries ranged from 88 to 106% with an overall average of 99%.
Rapid High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Monosodium Glutamate in Food
Authors: Sporns Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid, accurate high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for determination of glutamic acid in food. Average recovery of added glutamic acid was 99.2% by this method. The method could be used to analyze samples such as soy sauce, which contain a large amount of other potentially interfering soluble compounds.
Collaborative Evaluation of Rolling Ball Viscometer for Measuring Somatic Cells in Abnormal Milk
Authors: Richardson Gary H , Brown Rodney J , Case Ron , Ginn Roy E , Kasandjieff Ted , Norton Rick C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Ruakura rolling ball viscometer was evaluated in 3 laboratories along with currently approved instrumental methods for measuring somatic cells in milk and the Wisconsin mastitis test. Replacement of the Teepol reagent with Wisconsin mastitis test reagent in the rolling ball viscometer was also evaluated. Both repeatability and reproducibility were satisfactory for all methods evaluated. The instrumental methods each gave higher readings than the other 3 methods. Use of Wisconsin mastitis test reagent in the rolling ball viscometer improved both repeatability and reproducibility. Additional work on standardization is suggested to match rolling ball viscometer readings with those of the instrumental methods.
Chemiluminescence Detection of Nitrite in Nonfat Dried Milk Powders
Authors: Doerr Robert C , Gates Robert A , Fiddler Walter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Determination of nitrite in nonfat dry milk powders by chemiluminescence detection was compared with a colorimetric method specifying Griess reagents. The chemiluminescent technique requires no sample preparation, is free from apparent interferences, and is sensitive to 25 ppb nitrite. Statistical analysis shows no difference at P = 0.05 between the colorimetric and chemiluminescent methods, based on the analysis of 16 commercial nonfat dry milk samples.
Application of the AOAC Multi-Residue Method to Determination of Synthetic Pyrethroid Residues in Celery and Animal Products
Authors: Braun Heinz E , Stanek Jana 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A procedure based on current multi-residue methodology is described for the determination of synthetic pyrethroid residues in vegetable and animal tissues. Permethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate are extracted from celery, egg yolk, beef muscle, and milk with acetonitrile, partitioned into hexane, and cleaned up on Florisil for quantitation by electron capture gas chromatography. Recoveries of the 3 pyrethroids averaged 94-103% from celery and 82- 97% from animal products. Minimum detectable levels of &lt;5 ng/g are readily attainable. The method also allows for the simultaneous extraction and cleanup of the organochlorine hydrocarbon insecticides which have been routinely analyzed in the past.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Clocapramine in Feed and Plasma
Authors: Geahchan Aziz , Chambon Paul , Genoux Pierre 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of clocapramine in animal feed and plasma. Samples are made alkaline and then extracted with chloroform containing opipramol as internal standard. For plasma samples, the organic phase is evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen, and the residue is dissolved in dichloromethane-methanol. Extracts are chromatographed on silica gel with dichloromethane-methanol-ammonia (100 + 10 + 0.25) as eluant, and quantitated using an internal standard. Within-day precision for plasma extracts (n = 15) was 3.39, 5.7, and 4.13% at 5,10, and 15 mg clocapramine/L plasma, respectively, and day-to-day precision was 4.6, 6.8, and 4.4% at the same levels. The detection limit was 0.5 mg/L. Recovery from feed over the concentration range 2-6 g/kg was &gt;96%.
Isolation, Identification, and Determination of Food Dyes Following Ion-Pair Extraction
Authors: Puttemans Marc L , Dryon Louis , Massart Désiré L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Food dyes are extracted as ion-pairs with tri-n-octylamine and tetrabutylammonium. Extraction from aqueous solutions to chloroform is quantitative with 0.1M counter ion concentrations. The dye may be back-extracted to an aqueous phase with chloride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, or perchlorate ions; perchlorate is most successful. The method is applied to the qualitative analysis of dyes in grenadine, pickles, and milk desserts, and quantitative analysis in alcoholic beverages. Commercial samples are analyzed by using a standard addition method.
Sample Preparation in Determination of Lead in Garden Vegetables by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Preer James R , Stephens Bernard R , Bland Cynthia Wilson 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dry and wet ashing methods have been used in the analysis of garden vegetables for Pb. The reliability of wet ashing has been verified by the method of standard additions. Comparison of dry and wet ashing showed good agreement for a variety of garden vegetables. Sample size was more strictly limited for the wet-ashed samples, which led to lower sensitivity. Vegetable samples are commonly analyzed for a number of trace elements, which introduces additional constraints on sample preparation, notably because of Cd loss on dry ashing. Pretreatment with HNO3/H2SO4 ash aid eliminated Cd loss. Reliability of dry ashing with pretreatment was shown with NBS SRM Orchard Leaves, Pine Needles, Spinach, and Tomato Leaves. The analysis was insensitive to ashing temperature in the range 480-625°C. A practical detection limit for the method is about 2 ppm Pb, dry weight basis (DWB). Care must be exercised to avoid contamination of the sample with lead at this level by improper handling. Segregation and acid washing of glassware and protection of the sample from contact with any object not demonstrably clean was necessary. No evidence was found of Pb contamination at this level from tap water washing of fresh vegetables, forced-air oven drying, or grinding with mortar and pestle. No special clean room facilities or laboratory air purification measures were used. Sensitivity was increased 3-fold by extraction with dithizone in CHCI3 followed by back-extraction into dilute HC1. Detection limits were not improved, however, because of variation in the extraction results. The instrumental method for assessing effective correction for background absorbance showed adequate compensation, although comparison of direct and extractive determinations showed a small but significant difference between the methods of about 1 ppm Pb (DWB).
Simultaneous Determination of Total Boron, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Magnesium/Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Zinc in Fertilizers by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Emission Spectroscopy
Authors: Jones J Benton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nine elements (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P, K, and Zn) were determined in 34 Magruder fertilizer standards by inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) emission spectroscopy. The total elemental concentrations found for each of the 9 elements compared favorably with known concentrations. Seventeen of the fertilizer samples were also extracted with ammonium citrate, and the phosphorus in the extract was determined by ICAP emission spectroscopy with good results compared with the known Magruder concentration for available phosphate. Concentrations of other elements (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Na, Ni, Pb, Si, and Sr) were also obtained but were not verified.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Natamycin in Cheese at Residue Levels
Authors: Tuinstra Louis G M T H , Traag Wim A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatographic method, with special reference to the cleanup procedure, is described for the measurement of natamycin in cheese. Co-extracted fats and proteins are removed by cooling the methanol extract of the cheese. Amounts as low as 1 ng natamycin can be detected; the limit of determination is better than 0.05 mg/kg. Recovery at the 1 mg/kg level is better than 90%. Reproducibility at the 0.4 mg/kg level shows a coefficient of variation of 10%. Some results obtained with Dutch cheese samples from the local market are reported.
Evaluation of Three Methods for Recovery of Sulfamethazine Metabolites from Swine Tissue
Authors: Matusik Jean E , Barnes Charlie J , Newkirk David R , Fazio Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Recent investigations have clearly established the presence of desaminosulfamethazine (I), N4-acetyl-sulfamethazine (II), and N4-D-glucosyl sulfamethazine (III) in the tissues of swine which have been dosed with sulfamethazine (V). N4(l-Deoxy-DglucuronyDsulfamethazine (IV) has frequently been found in the urine and feces of animals. These metabolites have generally not been investigated in current sulfamethazine methods; therefore, it is not clear to what extent they might be measured by these procedures. Metabolites I, II, III, and IV were synthesized and characterized by several chemical and physical measurements. These metabolites and their parent, V, were added to swine tissue and recoveries were measured by a gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC), a colorimetric, and a gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric method with electron ionization- selected ion monitoring (GC/MS EI-SIM). With modifications of the gas chromatographic parameters, the GLC method can quantitate compounds I, II, and V simultaneously. If a hydrolysis step is added, all 3 methods can quantitate compound II as V and, in addition, the GC/MS EI-SIM and colorimetric methods can quantitate III as V. In none of these methods do metabolites I, II, III, or IV interfere in the determination of V.
International Mycotoxin Check Sample Program: Part II. Report on Laboratory Performance for Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Milk
Authors: Friesen Marlin D , Garren Liliane 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A sample of aflatoxin M1-contaminated lyophilized cow's milk was analyzed by 80 laboratories in 30 countries. Sufficient data were obtained to permit a statistical comparison of the performance of laboratories using AOAC methods I and II and those using high performance liquid chromatography for quantitation. A significant difference was noted between means for laboratories using AOAC method I as opposed to those using HPLC methods. Overall reproducibility (between- plus within-laboratory precision) was best for laboratories using HPLC methods and poorest for those using AOAC method II.
Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chlorophacinone and Diphacinone in Bait Formulations
Authors: Bennett Brian R , Grimes Gregory S 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Chlorophacinone and diphacinone are extracted at the 0.005% level from grain or paraffinized baits with glacial acetic acid. The target concentration is 0.01 mg/mL. The filtered supernate is chromatographed on a Partisil PXS ODS10/25 liquid chromatography column with premixed and degassed glacial acetic acid-tetrahydrofuran-water (14 + 2 + 9) and detected at 288 nm. The concentration is calculated by using an external standard. The recovery from spiked samples averaged 96.6% for both analytes. The response is linear from 0.001 to 0.040 mg/mL. The coefficient of variation of within-day replicates ranged from 1.1 to 2.5%.
Infrared Spectrophotometric Determination of Dioxathion in Cattle Dipwashes
Authors: Luguru Stephen M , Saidi A B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectrophotometric determination of dioxathion in cattle dipwashes was checked for its suitability as a routine method. Two calibration curves constructed from absorbances of a series of solutions of dioxathion in carbon tetrachloride and a series of extracts of equivalent quantities of dioxathion from aqueous emulsions were similar (slope 1.8). Several determinations of a field sample gave a mean concentration of 292 ppm or 0.029% and a coefficient of variation of 1.6%. Two determinations of an aqueous emulsion of dioxathion of approximately 400 ppm gave concentrations of 440 and 404 ppm.
Crude Fiber Determination Using Ceramic Fiber to Replace Asbestos
Authors: Knox Randy L , Engvall David S , Ginther Burton E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Crude fiber was determined in a wide range of feed products by a method which specifies ceramic fiber as a filter medium instead of the more hazardous and difficult to obtain asbestos. Results correlated well with those obtained by using AOAC official final action method 7.061-7.065 (correlation coefficient, 0.9994). For 8 samples, the coefficients of variation ranged from 0.74 to 4.80%. Compared with the AOAC method, the proposed method showed a slight negative bias of 0.1%. Compared with asbestos, ceramic fiber was easier to prepare for use, filtering was faster, and samples bumped less.
Influence of Various Solvent-Water Mixtures on the Extraction of Dieldrin and Methomyl Residues from Radishes
Authors: Wheeler Willis B , Thompson Neal P , Edelstein Robert L , Littell Ramon C , Krause Richard T 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The effect of organic solvent/water ratios on the extraction of field-incurred residues of dieldrin and methomyl from radishes was determined. 14CDieldrin and 14C-methomyl were applied separately to radishes in commercial formulations at rates of 0.2 and 0.9 kg/ha, respectively. Fourteen days post-application, the radishes were harvested and fresh root tissues were extracted using a Polytron homogenizer. Acetone, acetonitrile, and methanol containing 0,10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% water were used as extraction solvents. For methomyl residues, the optimum water content of acetonitrile-water extraction mixtures was 40-50%; less than 40% water reduced the ability of acetonitrile to extract carbon- 14. Methanol and acetone were nearly as efficient as 50% acetonitrile-water and were apparently not influenced by solvent/water ratios. For dieldrin, low water content slightly reduced the extraction efficiency of acetonitrile, with the optimum water content also being 40-50%. Percentage of water appeared to have little overall effect on methanol extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency of acetone was lower than that of the other 2 solvents, and this effect was independent of the acetone/water ratio. Approximately 20% of the 14C-dieldrin residue was bound to radish roots 14 days post-application.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 4-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Residues in Mung Bean Sprouts
Authors: Wong Yew-Sin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method is described for determining 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPA) residues in mung bean sprouts. The residues were extracted from samples by using ethyl acetate followed by liquid-liquid partition into 5% NaHCO3 solution. After acidification and reextraction with ethyl acetate, CPA was reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFB-Br) to form the PFB derivative. The reaction mixture was separated on a silica gel column to remove excess reagent, and the derivative was eluted with a solution of 75% toluene in hexane. GLC separations were performed on a 3% OV-1 column at 230°C. As low as 10 pg CPA could be quantitated, which is equivalent to about 0.05 ppm at residue level, using an electron capture detector. Recoveries of CPA from fortified mung bean sprouts (0.05, 0.20, and 0.50 ppm) ranged from 71 to 107%. The PFB derivative was further identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Hydride Generation and Condensation Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Determination of Antimony in Raw Coffee Beans and Processed Coffee
Authors: Kuennen Roy W , Hahn Mark H , Fricke Fred L , Wolnik Karen A 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method was developed for determining Sb at nanogram per gram levels in raw coffee beans and processed coffee. The procedure uses either total acid digestion or extraction with 6M HCl followed by hydride generation/condensation with subsequent revolatilization of stibine (SbH3) and detection by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The lowest quantifiable level, based on a 2 g (dry weight) sample, is 2 ng Sb/g. The results of recoveries on spiked samples, precision studies on composited coffee samples, and the analysis of National Bureau of Standards Standard Reference Materials demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the procedure. Sb concentrations in coffee samples were verified by neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Advantages of the method compared with the AOAC colorimetric procedure and hydride generation without condensation are discussed.