bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guarding and Spermatophore Deposition in the Free-Living Eriophyid Mite Vasates Robiniae Nalepa
Authors: Michalska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSex dissociation means that males deposit spermatophores regardless of the presence of females, while females independently seek spermatophores and pick up a sperm. In this study I describe unique behaviour of insects and mites that practice sex dissociation guarding of pre-emergent females (so called quiescent female nymphs). In particular, behaviour which is exhibited by Vasates robiniae males. When competitors were absent in the vicinity of quiescent female nymphs, guarders deposited ca 0.8 spermatophores per hour and placed them around their mates in a manner in which two subsequent spermatophores were situated more frequently within a relatively long distance from each other rather than close to each other. Between the acts of depositions males alternately explored the closest surroundings of the nymphs, at the rate of ca 7.4 times per hour, and became motionless, mostly in bodily contact with the nymphs. Interestingly, while some males guarded until the quiescent female nymphs started moulting, others left their mates at different times before moulting. Prior to departures, males markedly changed their behaviour, more frequently exploring and resting without bodily contact with the nymphs and tended to shorten the time of depositions as well. However, if males stayed with the mates until moulting, the forthcoming time of females emergence did not influence either spermatophore deposition, exploration or the motionless phase of guarding. During and after moulting, guarders also did not persuade or coerce females into picking up a sperm from their spermatophores.
Infectivity of populations of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis megidis in relation to temperature, age and lipid content
Authors: Menti Hara , Wright Denis , Perry Roland 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe infectivity of populations of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis megidis from Greece (GR) and the UK was compared using Galleria mellonella larvae as hosts. Dose-response tests showed that the two Steinernema populations did not differ in their establishment rates but they were more infective than H. megidis UK 211. The temperature range for infectivity was greater than that for development. However, the optimal temperature for infection and development for all populations was 23°C. Infectivity of Steinernema populations was not affected by storage for 12 weeks. However, 12 week-old H. megidis UK 211 infective juveniles (IJ) were less infective than fresh IJ. H. megidis GR showed very low establishment rates at all the doses and temperatures tested, before and after storage. The results are discussed in relation to the nematodes' climatic origin and lipid content. Pouvoir infestant de populations des nématodes entomopathogènes Steinernema feltiae et Heterorhabditis megidis suivant la température, l'âge et le contenu lipidique - Le pouvoir infestant de populations des nématodes entomopathogènes Steinernema feltiae et Heterorhabditis megidis provenant de Grèce et du Royaume Uni a été comparée, utilisant comme hôte Galleria mellonella. Les tests de dose/réaction ont montré que les taux d'établissement des deux populations ne diffèrent pas mais que leur pouvoir infestant était plus élevée que celle de H. megidis UK211. La plage des températures permettant l'infestation était plus étendue que celle relative au développement. Cependant, les températures optimales pour l'infestation et pour le développement étaient l'une et l'autre de 23°C pour toutes les populations. L'infestivité des populations de Steinernema n'a pas été affectée par un stockage de 12 semaines. Les juvéniles infestants de H. megidis UK211 âgés de 12 semaines montraient toutefois une infestivité plus faible que celle d'individus frais. Les specimens de H. megidis provenant de Grèce présentaient - que ce soit avant ou après le stockage - des taux d'établissement très faibles pour toutes les doses et les températures testées. Ces résultats sont discutés en relation avec l'origine climatique et le contenu lipidique des nématodes.
Description of Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a parasite of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore from Japan, including a key to the species of the genus Cryphodera Colbran, 1966
Authors: Karssen Gerrit , Aelst Adriaan Van 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA non cyst-forming heteroderid nematode, Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp., is described and illustrated from the roots of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore from Japan; this new species is characterised by globose female with annulated cuticle and curved projecting neck; stylet 41.5 mum long, with rounded knobs, set off from the shaft; excretory pore located 120 to 157 mum from the anterior end, vulva terminal, with a vulva-anus distance of 49 mum and slightly protruding vulval lips, vulva-anus area ranging from flat to concave, subcrystalline layer present, eggs retained in the body; males rare, with head region set off, two lip annules present, stylet 37.5 mum long, rounded knobs set off, anteriorly slightly pointed, lateral field with three incisures, areolated; second-stage juvenile body 493 mum long, head region set off, four cephalic annuli present, stylet 33.5 mum long, with large anteriorly concave knobs, set off from the shaft, tail 70 mum, tapering towards a pointed hyaline tail terminus of 37 mum in length, areolated lateral field with three incisures, phasmids with a lens-like structure located 6 to 10 mum posterior to the anus. A key for the Cryphodera species is proposed. Description de Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) parasite de Pinus thunbergii Parlatore au Japon et clef des especes du genre Cryphodera Colbran, 1966 - Un nematode Heteroderide ne formant pas de kyste, Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp., provenant des racines de Pinus thunbergii au Japon, est decrit et illustre; cette nouvelle espece est caracterisee par les femelles globuleuses a cuticule annelee et extremite anterieure courbe, stylet long de 41,5 mum a boutons basaux arrondis bien individualises, pore excreteur situe a 120-157 mum de l'extremite anterieure, vulve terminale (distance vulve-anus 49 mum) et levres vulvaires legerement saillantes, aire perineale plate a concave, presence d'une couche subcristalline, oeufs retenus dans le corps. Les males, rares, ont une region labiale separee du reste du corps, deux anneaux cephaliques, un stylet long de 37,5 mum avec boutons basaux arrondis, bien individualises et legerement pointus anterieurement, des champs lateraux avec trois incisures, areoles. Les juveniles de deuxieme stade, longs de 493 mum, ont une region cephalique separee avec quatre anneaux, un stylet long de 33,5 mum avec des boutons basaux de grande taille, bien individualises et a face anterieure concave, une queue longue de 70 mum, amincie a extremite effilee avec une zone hyaline longue de 37 mum, des champs lateraux marques de trois incisures et areoles, des phasmides a structure lenticulaire situees 6-10 mum posterieurement a l'anus. Une clef pour la determination des especes du genre Cryphodera est proposee.
Ferroelastic orientation states and domain walls in lead phosphate type crystals
Authors: Bismayer U. , Mathes D. , Bosbach D. , Putnis A. , van Tendeloo G. , Novak J. , Salje E. K. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe monoclinic structural distortion in lead phosphate and lead arsenate is correlated with the ferroelastic phase transition R3̄m → C2/c and R3̄m → P21/c respectively. The resulting domain patterns in the mixed compounds depend on their chemical composition. The intersection of ferroelastic W domain walls with the (100) surface of lead phosphate-arsenate mixed crystals has been imaged using tapping mode atomic force microscopy. Dilution of the strain leads to characteristic surface deformations which deviate from those in pure lead phosphate. In high twinned lead phosphate-arsenate, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to show renormalization effects and scattering phenomena stemming from the twin walls. The wall trajectory was found to be independent of chemical variations using transmission electron microscopy.
Calcite precipitation in landfills: an essential product of waste stabilization
Authors: Manning D. A. C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRoutine monitoring of landfill leachates has been extended to include characterization of suspended solids recovered by filtration. Calcite is consistently identified as a suspended solid, with less frequent reports of quartz and clays (kaolinite, illite, chlorite). Morphologically, calcite occurs as discrete grains, coatings on quartz sand and as microconcretions. Preliminary stable isotope data for seven samples generally show positive δ13C values (relative to PDB) up to +3.5‰ and δ18O values between −5 and −8‰, consistent with an origin through precipitation from leachate. Geochemical modelling of leachate compositions for the same samples indicates that the leachates are saturated with respect to calcite, and that the degree of supersaturation decreases for older samples. Mass balance considerations show that the proportions of methane and carbon dioxide observed for landfill gas do not reflect the amount of bicarbonate that is potentially available from the anaerobic decomposition of putrescible waste. Overall, putrescible waste has the potential to form a maximum of 1.9 g of calcite for every gram of waste, although values less than this are likely to be achieved in practice. From these differing lines of evidence, there can be no doubt that calcite precipitation should be expected to take place within landfill systems as an essential part of the waste degradation and stabilization process, and should be considered in modelling both gas evolution and carbon emissions.
Phosphoran olivine from Pine Canyon, Piute Co., Utah
Authors: Agrell S. O. , Charnley N. R. , Chinner G. A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractOlivines containing up to 6.1 wt.% P2O5 occur in association with apatite and an unnamed NaCaMg phosphate phase. Phosphoran olivine has been recorded only in pallasite meteorites and from one other terrestrial occurrence. The rarity of palpable phosphorus substitution for silicon may be related to the fact that in most terrestrial rocks, phosphorus is incorporated initially, and remains as, apatite; thus phosphorus excess in an undersilicated environment must be uncommon. However the highly capricious distribution of phosphorus in individual olivines from this and the meteoritic occurences suggests disequilibrium, and questions whether phosphoran olivine is ever stable relative to combinations of P-free olivine and phosphate/phosphide minerals.
Crystal chemistry and dissolution of calcium phosphate in dental
enamel
Authors: Dowker S. E. P. , Anderson P. , Elliott J. C. , Gao X. J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The mineral component (at least 95 wt. %) of dental enamel is hydroxyapatite
(hydroxylapatite) with multiple substitutions. The biogenic origin of enamel is
reflected in the unusual ribbon-like morphology of the crystals, which are
extremely elongated in the c-axis direction, and their
organized arrangement within the tissue. The study of enamel dissolution has been
driven by the very high prevalence of dental caries. In enamel caries, the initial
demineralization results in subsurface dissolution of mineral. While the surface
remains intact, reversal of the lesion by remineralization is possible. Problems
of understanding the physico-chemical processes in enamel demineralization include
the general problems concerning the structure and chemistry of apatites formed in
aqueous media. Added to these are the general problem of dissolution in an
inhomogeneous porous medium and the complication that enamel apatite has a
naturally variable composition which changes during demineralization. The use of
model systems in caries research is illustrated by reference to X-ray absorption
studies of enamel and synthetic analogues.
Overexpression of E2F-1 leads to cytokine-independent proliferation and survival in the hematopoietic cell line BaF-B03
Authors: Gala Salvador , Marreiros Alexandra , Stewart Graeme J. , Williamson Peter 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCytokine receptors activate signals that regulate the transcription factor E2F-1, which then coordinates the expression of genes essential for DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Overexpression of E2F-1 most often induces S-phase entry followed by apoptosis, but in some cell types it leads to continuous proliferation and transformation. Here, it is shown that constitutive expression of E2F-1 promotes cytokine-independent proliferation in the murine pro-B cell line BaF-B03. There was no enhancement of apoptosis following cytokine withdrawal in these cells, despite the presence of intact p53-dependent apoptotic pathways. Notwithstanding the continuous presence of E2F-1, the cell cycle–dependent expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen was restored with a pattern equivalent to that associated with cytokine stimulation. These findings provide evidence that, in the absence of cytokine, constitutive expression of E2F-1 can promote cell cycle progression and prevent apoptosis.
Expression of the DMT1 (NRAMP2/DCT1) iron transporter in mice with genetic iron overload disorders
Authors: Canonne-Hergaux François , Levy Joanne E. , Fleming Mark D. , Montross Lynne K. , Andrews Nancy C. , Gros Philippe 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Iron overload is highly prevalent, but its molecular pathogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, DMT1 was shown to be a major apical iron transporter in absorptive cells of the duodenum. In vivo, it is the only transporter known to be important for the uptake of dietary non-heme iron from the gut lumen. The expression and subcellular localization of DMT1 protein in 3 mouse models of iron overload were examined: hypotransferrinemic (Trfhpx) mice, Hfeknockout mice, and B2m knockout mice. Interestingly, in Trfhpx homozygotes, DMT1 expression was strongly induced in the villus brush border when compared to control animals. This suggests that DMT1 expression is increased in response to iron deficiency in the erythron, even in the setting of systemic iron overload. In contrast, no increase was seen in DMT1 expression in animals with iron overload resembling human hemochromatosis. Therefore, it does not appear that changes in DMT1 levels are primarily responsible for iron loading in hemochromatosis.
Clonotypic polymerase chain reaction confirms minimal residual disease in CLL nodular PR: results from a sequential treatment CLL protocol
Authors: Noy Ariela , Verma Ravi , Glenn Martha , Maslak Peter , Rahman Zia U. , Keenan James R. , Weiss Mark , Filippa Daniel , Zelenetz Andrew D. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Patient–tumor-specific oligonucleotides were generated for the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in a highly specific and sensitive clonotypic polymerase chain reaction (cPCR). The clone-specific region of highest diversity, CDR-III, was PCR amplified and sequenced. Nested CDR-III clonotypic primers were used in a semi-nested cPCR with a sensitivity of at least 1 in 105cells. Patients with protocol-eligible Rai intermediate or high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) received induction with fludarabine 25 mg/m2 per day for 5 days every 4 weeks for 6 cycles, followed by consolidative high-dose cyclophosphamide (1.5, 2.25, or 3g/m2). cPCR was performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells. All 5 patients achieving a clinical partial remission (PR) studied by cPCR were positive. Five patients achieved nodular PR (nPR) (residual nodules or suspicious lymphocytic infiltrates in a bone marrow biopsy as the sole suggestion of residual disease). Five of 5 patients with nPR were cPCR positive. In contrast, flow cytometry for CD5–CD19 dual staining and κ–λ clonal excess detected MRD in only 3 of the same 5 nPR patients, all of whom were cPCR positive, and immunohistochemistry detected MRD in only 1 of 4 assessable patients. Three of 7 CR patients evaluable by cPCR had MRD. Only 1 CR patient had MRD by flow cytometry; that patient was also cPCR positive. These data support the conclusions that nodular PR in CLL represents MRD and that clonotypic PCR detects MRD in CLL more frequently than flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry.
Expression and characterization of von Willebrand factor dimerization defects in different types of von Willebrand disease
Authors: Schneppenheim Reinhard , Budde Ulrich , Obser Tobias , Brassard Jacqueline , Mainusch Kerstin , Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Schneppenheim Sonja , Schwaab Rainer , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: July 2002

AbstractDimerization defects of von Willebrand factor (vWF) protomers underlie von Willebrand disease (vWD) type 2A, subtype IID (vWD 2A/IID), and corresponding mutations have been identified at the 3′ end of the vWF gene in exon 52. This study identified and expressed 2 additional mutations in this region, a homozygous defect in a patient with vWD type 3 (C2754W) and a heterozygous frameshift mutation (8566delC) in a patient with vWD type 2A, subtype IIE. Both mutations involve cysteine residues that we propose are possibly essential for dimerization. To prove this hypothesis, transient recombinant expression of each of the 2 mutations introduced in the carboxy-terminal vWF fragment II and in the complete vWF complementary DNA, respectively, were carried out in COS-7 cells and compared with expression of vWD 2A/IID mutation C2773R and the wild-type (WT) sequence in COS-7 cells. Recombinant WT vWF fragment II assembled correctly into a dimer, whereas recombinant mutant fragments were monomeric. Homozygous expression of recombinant mutant full-length vWF resulted in additional dimers, probably through disulfide bonding at the amino-terminal multimerization site, whereas recombinant WT vWF correctly assembled into multimers. Coexpression of recombinant mutant and recombinant WT vWF reproduced the multimer patterns observed in heterozygous individuals. Our results suggest that a common defect of vWF biosynthesis—lack of vWF dimerization—may cause diverse types and subtypes of vWD. We also confirmed previous studies that found that disulfide bonding at the vWF amino-terminal is independent of dimerization at the vWF carboxy-terminal.
Cyclophosphamide/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor causes selective mobilization of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells into the blood after M phase of the cell cycle
Authors: Wright Douglas E. , Cheshier Samuel H. , Wagers Amy J. , Randall Troy D. , Christensen Julie L. , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (MPB HSC) are widely used for transplantation in the treatment of malignancies, but the mechanism of HSC mobilization is unclear. Although many HSC in bone marrow (BM) cycle rapidly and expand their numbers in response to cytoreductive agents, such as cyclophosphamide (CY), and cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), MPB HSC are almost all in the G0 or G1phase of the cell cycle. This has raised the question of whether a subset of noncycling BM HSC is selectively released, or whether cycling BM HSC are mobilized after M phase, but before the next S phase of the cell cycle. To distinguish between these possibilities, mice were treated with one dose of CY followed by daily doses of G-CSF, and dividing cells were marked by administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during the interval that BM HSC are expanding. After CY and 4 days of G-CSF, 98.5% of the 2n DNA content long-term repopulating MPB (LT)-HSC stained positively for BrdU, and therefore derived from cells that divided during the treatment interval. Next, LT-HSC from mice previously treated with a single dose of CY, which kills cycling cells, and 3 daily doses of G-CSF, were nearly all killed by a second dose of CY, suggesting that CY/G-CSF causes virtually all LT-HSC to cycle. Analysis of cyclin D2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and total RNA content of MPB HSC suggests that these cells are mostly in G1 phase. After CY/G-CSF treatment, virtually all BM LT-HSC enter the cell cycle; some of these HSC then migrate into the blood, specifically after M phase, and are rapidly recruited to particular hematopoietic organs.
Expression and colocalization of cytokeratin 1 and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor on endothelial cells
Authors: Mahdi Fakhri , Shariat-Madar Zia , Todd Robert F. , Figueroa Carlos D. , Schmaier Alvin H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe cellular localization of human cytokeratin 1 (CK1), urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and gC1qR, high-molecular-weight kininogen (HK)-binding proteins on endothelial cells, was determined. CK1 was found on the external membrane of nonpermeabilized endothelial cells by immunoperoxidase staining, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy using immunogold. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) had 7.2 ± 0.2 × 104specific CK1 membrane sites/cell by125I-F(ab′)2 anti-CK1 antibody binding. Flow cytometry studies confirmed the presence of CK1, uPAR, and gC1qR on HUVECs. On laser scanning confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, CK1 and uPAR, but not gC1qR, colocalized on the cell surface of HUVECs. The HUVEC surface distribution of these proteins was distinctly different from that for von Willebrand factor. In competitive inhibition experiments, anti-CK1, anti-uPAR, or anti-gC1qR blocked both biotin-HK binding and prekallikrein (PK) activation on HUVECs with an inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) of 300 to 350 nM, 50 to 60 nM, or 35 to 100 nM, respectively. Also, antibodies to uPAR and gC1qR each inhibited 86% of kallikrein-mediated, 2-chain urokinase plasminogen activation, whereas antibodies to CK1 only inhibited 24% of plasminogen activation. On HUVECs, CK1 and uPAR, but not gC1qR, colocalized to be a multiprotein receptor complex for HK binding, PK activation, and 2-chain urokinase plasminogen activation.
Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is essential for Fc receptor–mediated neutrophil cytotoxicity and immunologic synapse formation
Authors: van Spriel Annemiek B. , Leusen Jeanette H. W. , van Egmond Marjolein , Dijkman Henry B. P. M. , Assmann Karel J. M. , Mayadas Tanya N. , van de Winkel Jan G. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractReceptors for human immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA initiate potent cytolysis of antibody (Ab)-coated targets by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Mac-1 (complement receptor type 3, CD11b/CD18) has previously been implicated in receptor cooperation with Fc receptors (FcRs). The role of Mac-1 in FcR-mediated lysis of tumor cells was characterized by studying normal human PMNs, Mac-1–deficient mouse PMNs, and mouse PMNs transgenic for human FcR. All PMNs efficiently phagocytosed Ab-coated particles. However, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was abrogated in Mac-1−/− PMNs and in human PMNs blocked with anti–Mac-1 monoclonal Ab (mAb). Mac-1−/− PMNs were unable to spread on Ab-opsonized target cells and other Ab-coated surfaces. Confocal laser scanning and electron microscopy revealed a striking difference in immunologic synapse formation between Mac-1−/− and wild-type PMNs. Also, respiratory burst activity could be measured outside membrane-enclosed compartments by using Mac-1−/− PMNs bound to Ab-coated tumor cells, in contrast to wild-type PMNs. In summary, these data document an absolute requirement of Mac-1 for FcR-mediated PMN cytotoxicity toward tumor targets. Mac-1−/− PMNs exhibit defective spreading on Ab-coated targets, impaired formation of immunologic synapses, and absent tumor cytolysis.