bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut oil purification using two different concentrations of activated charcoal
Authors: Sitorus R Z S , Djalal M , Zainal  , Laga A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The coconut oil that is traditionally processed is made by the heating process and normally is not neutralized. To obtain the standardized quality of oil, it is necessary to perform purification to the traditionally processed oil. The specific purpose of this study was to obtain the most effective concentration of charcoal to increase the clarity of coconut oil as well as to remove the particle non-oil like water and free fatty acids. This study using two kinds of different concentration of activated charcoal which was 1% and 1.5%. To test the quality of the oil several measurements was performed which were moisture clarity level, moisture content, and free fatty acids content. The results showed the best amount of active charcoal used in the refining process of coconut oil is at a concentration of 1.5% with a clarity level of 97.83T, moisture content of 0.016%, and free fatty acid 0.006%.
Interaction between the European Union’s renewable energy directives and Indonesia’s sustainable palm oil policy
Authors: Kartika I T , Cangara A R , Nasrun M , Darwis  , Marifat I D N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research shows that Indonesia is highly influenced and affected by the European Union’s actions and so otherwise. Such a premise is proven by the impact of which the European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED) policy has manifested in the form of entrance restriction for Indonesian palm oil into the European Union. As a response to anticipate RED’s further impact, Indonesia then launched a strategy to prevent Indonesia’s export turbulences to Europe, known as Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). The interaction between RED and ISPO is evident and can be seen through the adjustment process of ISPO’s containments to suit RED’s. Although details of clauses in RED and ISPO are not entirely similar, both were launched based on the same assumption; as a participatory act in the reduction of emissions and sustainability of palm oil.
The impact of the European Union (EU) renewable energy directive policy on the management of Indonesian palm oil industry
Authors: Arief R A , Cangara A R , Badu M N , Baharuddin A , Apriliani A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This research aims to analyse 1) the interest of the European Union on Renewable Energy Directive; 2) the protection forms of the European Union on Renewable Energy Directive toward Indonesian Palm Oil; 3) the transformation of Indonesia palm oil managerial after of European Union Renewable Energy Directive. The result of this research shows that there is two interest of the European Union in implementing the policy of Renewable Energy Directive, that is in environment protection with simultaneous criteria and palm oil protection in European unions. It is found that trading protection towards Indonesian palm oil is a form of green protectionism. This protection then implements non-tariff protection as a form of trade barrier. It impacts palm oil exports from Indonesia to the European Union. This protection influenced the policy transformation of palm oil management in Indonesia. The policies are RSPO, ISPO, Presidential Directive on Primary Forest and Peatland, and Presidential Directive on Moratorium and Forest Land Allocation. This research proves that palm oil production in Indonesia changed after the implementation of the Renewable Energy Directive in the European Union. This improvement of palm oil production proves that the policy is influenced by the market drives and not an only environmental issue.
Mapping of carbon absorption based on land use in upstream of Jeneberang watershed
Authors: Pahar S P P , Nursaputra M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study aims to map land cover based on satellite imagery and identify carbon absorption in various land-use patterns. Data is collected by the observation method in the field and direct measurement based on the diameter of the tree to get the value of biomass. Biomass calculations are done using allometric equations, while carbon absorption values are calculated using IPCC GL 2006 software. The results of the study show that the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed based on Alos imagery is dominated by dry land agriculture 48.94%, paddy 17.79%, shrubs 13.77%, and secondary forests 8.94% of the total area. Primary forest, secondary forest, and plantation forest are the biggest carbon storage areas in the upstream area of the Jeneberang watershed. Based on the IPCC GL 2006 software, primary forests, secondary forests, and plantations have carbon sinks of 42.08, 14.42, and 5.23 tons/ha/year, respectively.
Esthetic, integrated, smart and green trash bin for public space: A review
Authors: Fauziah  , Bakri I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Trash is produced by humans every day from various sources of trash, such as from households, markets, and various industries. Trash consists of various types, forms, and sources. A trash can be a problem because it causes a health problem for human and air pollution. At this time, the awareness of throw the trash to the trash bin still lacks considering especially in public areas. This case is caused by a dirty trash bin, smelly, and neglected. The purpose of this literature review is to find out the theoretical framework to design trash bins in public areas, which managed in an integrated manner so that these problems are not found anymore. The method used in reviewing this paper is by entering keywords trash bin, smart trash IoT, integrated trash bin, and related to trash bin design on google scholar and ScienceDirect, which published in 2015-2019.
The threat to the cave wall paintings in prehistoric bulu sipong I Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Yusriana  , Muda Khadijah Thahir , Rustan  , Susant Dewi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Leang Bulu Sipong I Pangkep Regency is one of the prehistoric caves in the Maros-Pangkep karst area of South Sulawesi Province, which contains remnants of past human culture. One of the archaeological remains is the cave paintings. Prehistoric cave locations that are very close to the cement (factory) industry caused concern about the cave threats. This paper aims to provide an overview of the remains of paintings in Leang Bulu Sipong I and the existing conditions of the paintings. In addition, this paper also illustrates the monitoring efforts that have been carried out by the authorities in the preservation of prehistoric caves in the Maros-Pangkep area. The method used is descriptive-analytic through the stages of desktop study and field observation. The results showed that Leang Bulu Sipong I Pangkep had varied and interesting cave paintings consisting of handstamp, fauna painting, and human-like paintings with hunting scenes, but unfortunately, the condition of the painting is currently experiencing peeling which is quite alarming. The efforts that have been made related to maintaining sustainability are periodic monitoring and cave closure for general visitors.
Quantitative analysis of the fertility level of the fishing community in the coastal environment of the Kolakasi and Anowoi Districts
Authors: Rauf Rusdiaman , Wijaya Hengki , Kadir A R 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine the comparison of the fertility of the fishing communities in the coastal environment in the Kolakasi and Anawoi Sub-districts and study the relationship and influence of residence, Education, Income, Age of First Marriage, and the use of contraceptive tools on the fertility of the fishing community. The study population was women with marital status aged 15 - 49 years. The sample of this research is those located in the Kolakasi and Anawoi district, with simple random sampling. The results of this study indicate that only education variables, namely not graduating from elementary/graduating from elementary school, have significant relationships and affect the parturition of the fishing community. Other independent variables such as residence, income, age of first marriage, and use of contraception have no relationship and influence on the parity of the fishing community in the Kolakasi and Anawoi Kelurahan.
The half-dead of earth
Authors: Utaminingsih N , Cangara A R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Our earth must accommodate about 381 million tons of waste per year. Indonesia’s waste burden per se has increased 190-fold in just 65 years in 2015. Of this total, Indonesia accounts for around 64 million tons of waste per year, and not until 5% is recycled, and the rest is burned, thrown into the landfill, and the sea. Waste is an environmental issue that affects the economic sector, health, social welfare, and to the existence of a country in the global political ecology map. Therefore, it needs to be addressed seriously. The potential of world waste production contributed by the Southeast Asian region, and more precisely, Indonesia is a phenomenon under study. This research then employs a literature review method and use concepts and theories about the environment as a global issue in International Relations (IR) and International Development studies as analytical tools to explore the issue qualitatively. This research then found that Indonesia has shown its commitment to deal with the plastic waste problem by implementing Indonesia’s National Action Plan (RAN) in Marine Waste Management up to 2025, with a target of reducing waste by 30% and waste management by 70%. Seriousness is needed in implementing this solution. One of them is more serious in the development of landfill gas in the world Waste to Energy (WtE) project. It is a pivotal step to eliminate the risks of the social cost of development and to realize the targets of environmentally sustainable development. Indonesia, thus, must be brave enough to contribute to helping the earth, which is half-dead in serving human progression.
An algorithm for automatic grasping an UHF RFID passive tag
Authors: DiGiampaolo Emidio , Martinelli Francesco 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes an automatic system which allows a mobile robot to reach a tagged object in an unknown environment, exploiting the Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology. It is assumed that the robot has an odometry system (e.g., wheel encoders) and an RFID reader which provides it with phase-shift measurements of the RFID signal backscattered by the tagged object. Since phases are ambiguous measurements of the tag-reader distance, a Multi-Hypothesis Extended Kalman Filter is proposed to on-line extract, by fusing phase measurements with odometry readings, the range and the bearing of the unknown tag. Once the relative position of the tag is known, a control algorithm is applied to drive the robot toward the desired destination. Numerical results are reported to illustrate the approach.
Multiphysics design and optimization of a vibration-based energy harvester from pantograph-catenary interaction
Authors: Genovese A , Schiano S , Strano S , Terzo M , Iodice M , Indolfi M , Coppola G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the design of a vibration-based energy harvester mounted on the railway pantograph is discussed. The system aims to feed the diagnostic system of the pantograph-catenary interaction by recovering energy from the vibrations of the pantograph head itself. The design of the system is developed through a multiphysics finite element model, parametrized by means of experimental tests. The performance of the optimized solution, in terms of generated power, highlights the affability of the proposed solution.
Multifunctional Carbon Fiber Composite with Improved Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Characteristics
Authors: Abdelal Nisrin R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this study, multifunctional carbon fiber-epoxy composites with improved electromagnetic interference shielding and interlaminar fracture toughness were manufactured. The interest in manufacturing multifunctional composites has been driven by the need for materials that simultaneously perform structural and non-structural functions. Unidirectional carbon fiber-epoxy composite laminates stitched with Dyneema13, Copper, and Kevlar13 were prepared using resin infusion process. Representative specimens from the unstitched and the stitched composites were tested using rectangular waveguide and Mode I interlaminar fracture tests. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness experimental results showed that stitched composites exhibited improved shielding effectiveness compared to unstitched composites. For example, composite stitched with copper showed the highest increase of 102.2% in shielding effectiveness whereas composite stitched with Dyneema13 showed the smallest increase of 75.4% in shielding effectiveness compared to the unstitched. Results revealed that the dominant effect of shielding in these composites is absorption. The Mode I experimental results showed that composite stitched with Kevlar13 exhibited the highest crack initiation interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC-initiation), whereas composite stitched with Dyneema13 exhibited the highest maximum crack propagation interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC-maximum). The experimental results comply with the goal of the study to produce multifunctional composite with improvement in the mechanical and electromagnetic properties.
Optimization of Gate Resistance for Motor Driver Design
Authors: Cho Y G , Baek J W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Owing to the rapid increase in the use of small- and medium-sized motors at various industry, the reliability of the electronic control systems is emerging as an issue. Accordingly, research on a method that guarantees reliable motion of motors by selecting appropriate gate resistance of the driver part and that contributes as a solution to the thermal issue and EMC(Electromagnetic Compatibility) in terms of design was conducted. Among methods that increase the reliability of motor drivers, one involving the calculation of an optimal gate resistance value is the most efficient in cost aspects without he added hardware or the application of a complex motor control algorithm. Therefore, this study proposed the process of finding optimal gate resistance of the driver circuit. An approach was made to find a safe operation area about switching, which has considered only partially, and a practical experiment was carried out through the evaluation board to prove the proposed method. As a result, although the estimated range and experimental results had slight deviation, we proved that it could be used as a method to find the optimal resistance value.
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signal Classification Using Artificial Neural Network to Control Electric Artificial Hand Movement
Authors: Saragih A S , Pamungkas A , Zain B Y , Ahmed W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
All due to the complex nature of the electroencephalography (EEG) signal, it is a challenge to be able to use it as the driver of an electric artificial hand. By using EEG signal, the command for artificial hand movements becomes more intuitive and natural. This study aims to classify EEG signals to serve as electronic hand control. Classification is conducted using artificial neural networks (ANN), in which EEG signal datasets are obtained from a commercial brain computer interface (BCI). The ANN model obtained is expected to be able to determine that the EEG signal is one of the five EEG signals generated from five predetermined hand movements. This study proposes feature extraction and processing that is very simple but performs well, indicated by its small error value. The results show that ANN can classify five hand movements tested with an overall accuracy rate of 80%.
Effect of the Internal Pressure and External Loads on Nozzles in Cylindrical Vessel
Authors: Bozkurt Murat , Nash David , Uzzaman Asraf 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Understanding the potential for supporting the maximum loading conditions in the system is a key feature in the design and analysis of pressure vessel applications. This is especially important for thin-walled pressure vessels, when stresses even reaching the initial material yield point could lead to very dangerous situations. Pressure vessels may be subjected to stresses arising from a variety of loading conditions including internal pressure and multiple external loads from attached piping systems. Once the yield point has been exceeded, the structure can accommodate more loading until the plastic zone becomes excessive leading to plastic collapse. This can be challenging to establish especially when external loads act in tandem with internal pressure. Therefore, this paper develops a finite element method for the limit load analysis of a single-nozzle cylindrical pressure vessel under internal pressure and external loading in a variety of combinations. Thereafter, a parametric study is presented covering various loading conditions, both singly and in combination. Finally, a comparison is made shown the interaction effects of the effects on the limit load for changes in vessel geometry and appropriate conclusions drawn.
Ghost anti-crossings caused by interlayer umklapp hybridization of bands in 2D heterostructures
Authors: Graham Abigail J , Zultak Johanna , Hamer Matthew J , Zolyomi Viktor , Magorrian Samuel , Barinov Alexei , Kandyba Viktor , Giampietri Alessio , Locatelli Andrea , Genuzio Francesca , Teutsch Natalie C , Salazar Cuauhtémoc , Hine Nicholas D M , Fal’ko Vladimir I , Gorbachev Roman V , Wilson Neil R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In two-dimensional heterostructures, crystalline atomic layers with differing lattice parameters can stack directly one on another. The resultant close proximity of atomic lattices with differing periodicity can lead to new phenomena. For umklapp processes, this opens the possibility for interlayer umklapp scattering, where interactions are mediated by the transfer of momenta to or from the lattice in the neighbouring layer. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study a graphene on InSe heterostructure, we present evidence that interlayer umklapp processes can cause hybridization between bands from neighbouring layers in regions of the Brillouin zone where bands from only one layer are expected, despite no evidence for Moiré-induced replica bands. This phenomenon manifests itself as ‘ghost’ anti-crossings in the InSe electronic dispersion. Applied to a range of suitable two-dimensional material pairs, this phenomenon of interlayer umklapp hybridization can be used to create strong mixing of their electronic states, giving a new tool for twist-controlled band structure engineering.
Atomic structure, work function and magnetism in layered single crystal VOCl
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Sun Rong , He Shijie , Jia Zhiyan , Su Chenliang , Li Ying , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We report the successful growth of square-like layered single crystals VOCl with a size of a few millimeters by chemical vapor transport method, and demonstrate that the layered crystals show good air stability and can be easily exfoliated. The atomic-resolution structure of the VOCl single crystals is consistent with the theoretical atomic models and the exfoliated VOCl flakes exhibit a uniform surface potential and a thickness-independent work function in the interval of 4–263 nm. Further magnetic measurements manifest that the VOCl crystal exhibit an N-type ferrimagnetic phase at 150 K and a compensation temperature of ~50 K. These findings not only enrich the magnetic family in layered materials but offer a platform for exploring new physics, and such study of microstructure, air stability, work function and magnetism in layered VOCl should push further the development of functionality tunable microwave devices or spintronics with all-layered materials.
Jantzen filtration of Weyl modules, product of Young symmetrizers and denominator of Young’s seminormal basis
Authors: Fang Ming , Lim Kay Jin , Tan Kai 
Published: October 2020

Let

G
G

be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic

p
>
0

p>0

,

Δ
(
λ
)

\Delta (\lambda )

denote the Weyl module of

G
G

of highest weight

λ
\lambda

and

ι

λ
,
μ

:
Δ
(
λ
+
μ
)
→
Δ
(
λ
)
⊗
Δ
(
μ
)

\iota _{\lambda ,\mu }:\Delta (\lambda +\mu )\to \Delta (\lambda )\otimes \Delta (\mu )

be the canonical

G
G

-morphism. We study the split condition for

ι

λ
,
μ

\iota _{\lambda ,\mu }

over

Z

(
p
)

\mathbb {Z}_{(p)}

, and apply this as an approach to compare the Jantzen filtrations of the Weyl modules

Δ
(
λ
)

\Delta (\lambda )

and

Δ
(
λ
+
μ
)

\Delta (\lambda +\mu )

. In the case when

G
G

is of type

A
A

, we show that the split condition is closely related to the product of certain Young symmetrizers and, under some mild conditions, is further characterized by the denominator of a certain Young’s seminormal basis vector. We obtain explicit formulas for the split condition in some cases.
Variation in Lymph Node Yield After Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Faraj Kassem S , Judge Nathanael , Chang Yu-Hui H , Blodgett Gail , Stanton Melissa L , Tyson Mark D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To test the hypothesis that lymph node yield will vary by pathology assistant (PA) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND).

Methods
This is a single-institution retrospective review that included patients who underwent an RC with PLND for bladder cancer from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2018. Predicted mean lymph node counts were generated using multivariable regression analysis.

Results
In a total of 430 patients who underwent RC with PLND, the median lymph node count (interquartile range) was 15.0 (11.0-21.0). The frequency of the limits of lymphadenectomy was as follows: external iliac, internal iliac, and obturator (true pelvis) (33.3%); true pelvis plus common iliac to the level of the aortic bifurcation (47.9%); and inferior mesenteric artery (18.8%). On descriptive analysis, there were differences in lymph node yield when evaluating the following variables: level of dissection, clinical stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical approach, surgeon, pathologist, and PA (P &lt; .05). On multivariable analysis, adjusted lymph node counts varied between surgeons, pathologists, clinical stage, and level of dissection but not by PA (P = .18).

Conclusions
Lymph node yield after RC varies on several known levels, including surgeon, extent of lymphadenectomy, clinical stage, and pathologist. This study found no significant variation in lymph node yield according to PA.