bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcirculation in hypertensive patients
Authors: Jung F. , Pindur G. , Ohlmann P. , Spitzer G. , Sternitzky R. , Franke R.P. , Leithäuser B. , Wolf S. , Park J.-W. 
Published: December 2019

Regardless of the mechanisms that initiate the increase in blood pressure, functional and structural changes in the systemic vasculature are the final result of long-standing hypertension. These changes can occur in the macro- but also in the microvasculature. The supply of the tissues with oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites occurs almost exclusively in the microcirculation (which comprises resistance arterioles, capillaries and venules), and an adequate perfusion via the microcirculatory network is essential for the integrity of tissue and organ function. This review focuses on results from clinical studies in hypertensive patients, which have been performed in close cooperation with different clinical groups over the last three decades. Intravital microscopy was used to study skin microcirculation, microcatheters for the analysis of skeletal muscle microcirculation, the slit lamp for conjunctival microcirculation and the laser scanning ophthalmoscope for the measurement of the retinal capillary network. The first changes of the normal microcirculation can be found in about 93% of patients with essential hypertension, long before organ dysfunctions become clinically manifest. The earliest disorders were found in skin capillaries and thereafter in the retina and the skeletal muscle. In general, the disorders in the different areas were clearly correlated. While capillary rarefaction occurred mainly in the retina and the conjunctiva bulbi, in skin capillaries morphological changes were rare. A significant decrease of capillary erythrocyte velocities under resting conditions together with a marked damping of the postischemic hyperemia was found, both correlating with the duration of hypertension or WHO stage or the fundus hypertonicus stage. Also the mean oxygen tension in the skeletal muscle was correlated with the state of the disease. These data show that the microcirculatory disorders in hypertension are systemic and are hallmarks of the long-term complications of hypertension. There is now a large body of evidence that microvascular changes occur very early and may be important in their pathogenesis and progression.
Characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue in compression and shear
Authors: Hrapko M. , van Dommelen J.A.W. , Peters G.W.M. , Wismans J.S.H.M. 
Published: December 2019

No validated, generally accepted data set on the mechanical properties of brain tissue exists, not even for small strains. Most of the experimental and methodological issues have previously been addressed for linear shear loading. The objective of this work was to obtain a consistent data set for the mechanical response of brain tissue to either compression or shear. Results for these two deformation modes were obtained from the same samples to reduce the effect of inter-sample variation. Since compression tests are not very common, the influence of several experimental conditions for the compression measurements was analysed in detail. Results with and without initial contact of the sample with the loading plate were compared. The influence of a fluid layer surrounding the sample and the effect of friction were examined and were found to play an important role during compression measurements. To validate the non-linear viscoelastic constitutive model of brain tissue that was developed in Hrapko et al. (Biorheology 43 (2006), 623–636) and has shown to provide a good prediction of the shear response, the model has been implemented in the explicit Finite Element code MADYMO. The model predictions were compared to compression relaxation results up to 15% strain of porcine brain tissue samples. Model simulations with boundary conditions varying within the physical ranges of friction, initial contact and compression rate are used to interpret the compression results.
Improvements in high resolution ultrasound for postoperative investigation of capillary microperfusion after free tissue transfer
Authors: Lamby P. , Prantl L. , Schreml S. , Pfister K. , Mueller M.P. , Clevert D.-A. , Jung E.M. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: High resolution ultrasound (US) techniques as implemented in the latest generation of US machines provide imminently better resolution compared to previous high resolution models. This improvement is based on advanced transducer technologies as well as updated post-processing procedures. Furthermore, matrix linear transducers providing frequencies from 6 to 15 MHz are now available. The aim of the study was the evaluation of these new techniques for the immediate postoperative investigation of microcirculation after free tissue transfer by supplemental use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging (CEUS). Patients and methods: To this end, we investigated 12 patients who underwent free tissue transfer in order to cover tissue defects in various body regions. We utilized the new GE Logiq E9 equipped with a linear 6–9 MHz and a matrix 6–15 MHz probe as well as the GE Logiq 9 with the previous version of the linear 6–9 MHz probe. Both machines provide the modalities of SRI®, Cross Beam® and THI®. The perfusion curves were quantitatively analyzed using digital cine sequences (Qontrast®, Bracco, Italy). Furthermore, two independent investigators evaluated the digitally recorded images with respect to the resolution of details based on a scale ranging from 0 to 5, and after application of 2.4 ml SonoVue® (Bracco, Italy), evaluated the image quality regarding the representation of tissue perfusion. Results: None of the free flaps showed clinical or laboratory signs of flap failure during the hospital stay. Several flaps showed typical perfusion patterns relating to the flap type. The combination of SRI®, Cross Beam® and THI® allows, in most cases, a more exact differentiation of tissue graft outlines and tissue composition, in particular the tissue texture, compared to the use of B-scan only. In addition, the high resolution matrix technology combined with the broader spectrum of 6–15 MHz considerably improves the representation of image details compared to multifrequency probes with 6–9 MHz. The use of updated post-processing procedures as well as new transducer technologies in CEUS also results in improved resolution and thus achieves a higher score compared to previous models. Conclusion: At present, these new US technologies combined with the updated 6–9 MHz probe provide the optimal assessment of perfusion in cutaneous, subcutaneous and deeper tissue layers. The additional use of new multifrequency 6–15 MHz matrix probes improves the resolution in the B-mode to an even higher degree.
Evaluation of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in renal tumors of unknown etiology in comparison to histological findings
Authors: Clevert D.-A. , Stock K. , Klein B. , Slotta-Huspenina J. , Prantl L. , Heemann U. , Reiser M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: It was the aim of our study to combine the findings of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ARFI-imaging in the evaluation of renal masses in comparison to the histological findings. Materials and methods: Fifteen patients with unclear kidney lesions were analyzed. We used a high-end ultrasound machine (Siemens ACUSON S2000™, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) with a multifrequency curved array 4 MHz or linear 9 MHz transducer. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (bolus injection 1.6–2.4 ml SonoVue®) was carried out. We obtained fifteen ARFI measurements from each patient with at least five values for quantification. The ARFI-ROI (region of interest) was placed in the ventral margin of the kidney tumor and the whole ROI was covered by the tumor. The “reference-ROI” was placed in the ventral kidney parenchyma of the patient at a distance of at least two centimeters from the tumor. All renal tumors were surgically resected. In cases of complex renal cysts or anatomic variations mimicking renal tumors (“pseudo-tumors”), constant results of ultrasound examinations and additional MRI or multiphase CT over 6 months were required. Results: Fifteen patients were included in the study and were examined using the diagnostic ultrasound tools of our study The kidney tumors of our patients had diameters ranging from 1.5 to 8 cm and were located at depths ranging from 2 to 5.5 cm. ARFI imaging was also performed in all patients. A field up to a depth of 10 cm could be visualized for diagnostic use. Performing ARFI quantification using Siemens Virtual Touch™ Tissue Quantification we obtained minimum and maximum tissue shear velocities ranging from 1.6 to 3.42 m/s. The reference tissue ROIs showed values from 1.31 to 4.4 m/s. 12 cases were accepted for surgical resection. The visualization of lesions with Virtual Touch™ Tissue Imaging confirmed the measurements of ARFI quantification and were able to depict the different areas of stiffness in the kidney tissue. No infiltration of kidney veins or vena cava was detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Of the 12 cases two “complicated” renal cysts were examined, and both showed Bosniak-III findings. Conclusion: ARFI imaging improves visualization of unclear renal masses in comparison to fundamental B-scan and adds new information about the tissue stiffness in a less time-consuming and more reproducible way. CEUS with SonoVue® allows an early evaluation of renal masses or complex cysts.
Quantitative assessment of bowel wall vascularisation in Crohn's disease with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and perfusion analysis
Authors: Girlich C. , Jung E.M. , Iesalnieks I. , Schreyer A.G. , Zorger N. , Strauch U. , Schacherer D. 
Published: December 2019

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often undergo several radiologic imaging studies, which – with the exception of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and B-scan ultrasound (US) – subject patients to ionizing radiation. With contrast enhanced ultrasound microvascular imaging of the bowel is possible. Hence, the aim of our study was to assess the perfusion pattern of inflamed bowel walls in Crohn's disease compared with healthy volunteers quantitatively using a specific quantification software. We evaluated 4 volunteers and 20 patients with proven Crohn's disease, who went through an active episode based on clinical symptoms and complementary imaging by MRI (19 patients) and computed tomography (1 patient), respectively, with dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using a second generation contrast agent (SonoVue®, Bracco, Germany). Retrospectively, we applied the quantification software Qontrast® (Bracco, Italy) to obtain contrast-enhanced sonographic perfusion maps for each lesion. Patients had significant higher peak values (median 46.86, lower quartile 37.91, upper quartile 53.20) and significant higher regional blood volume (median 2133.65, lower quartile 1202.90, upper quartile 2820.44) than volunteers. Considering the very low peak value of the healthy, it is easy to understand that the time-to-peak was significantly shorter in the volunteers (median 4.45, lower quartile 1.82, upper quartile 6.88) than in the patients (median 12.15, lower quartile 9.18, upper quartile 15.74). Our study showed clear differences between inflamed and normal bowel wall vascularity regarding all perfusion parameters. These results show that a quantitative assessment of the bowel wall vascularisation and inflammation, respectively, is possible. The software used here enables us to collect data, not only in a semi-quantitative but also in a reproducible, quantitative manner which is comparable with the evaluation of CT or MRI generated data.
Capillary bleeding under oral anticoagulation
Authors: Leithäuser B. , Mrowietz C. , Hiebl B. , Pindur G. , Jung F. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Oral anticoagulants are routinely used for prevention of thromboembolism in cardiac, arterial or venous diseases. Hemorrhages are serious treatment complications, frequently occurring under long-term and/or high-dose regiments. From animal experiments it is known that coumarin-type anticoagulants may cause capillary dilatation and increased permeability, red blood cell extravasation and punctate bleeding. Controlled human trials are lacking. Methods: 31 patients under oral anticoagulation were examined by video capillary microscopy. 52 patients with comparable diseases and treatment but without oral anticoagulation served as controls. Nailfold capillaries of four fingers of each hand were examined and analyzed off-line according to the following criteria: (1) numbers of capillaries investigated, (2) numbers of capillary bleedings, and (3) bleeding incidence (bleedings per 100 capillaries). Results: In 23 out of 31 patients (74.2%) capillary bleedings were observed. The bleeding incidence ranged from 0.33 to 4.29 per 100 capillaries. In contrast, only 4 out of 52 controls were detected with capillary bleedings (2.1%, p<0.001). The bleeding incidence was 0.34–2.41. In patients on anticoagulation there was no correlation between the number of capillary bleedings and the INR or Quick values. During a two year follow-up of patients on oral anticoagulation no significant difference was found in terms of clinically obvious bleedings in patients with or without capillary bleedings. Conclusion: This study shows that capillary bleedings can be demonstrated in patients on oral anticoagulation. Bleedings occur independent of the INR-value. Thus, other factors than the vitamin-k-dependent coagulation effect seem to be causal for the damage of microvessels. Further, the evidence of capillary bleedings is not a prognostic indicator for future hemorrhage.
Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig
Authors: Hiebl B. , Mrowietz C. , Braune S. , Franke R.P. , Plendl J. , Jung F. 
Published: December 2019

Several methods are available today for the investigation of microcirculation in animal models, but they can be invasive and time-consuming depending on the area investigated. In particular, non-invasive methods that can be conducted rapidly and without dye or tracer injections are in demand. The cutaneous microcirculation can be easily studied in the dorsal corium limbi of the third toe of the porcine forelimb using intravital microscopy – analogous to nail fold capillary microscopy in humans. The capillary microscopy system consists of a reflected-light microscope with a cold light source, green and infrared filters and a video camera. The video sequences were recorded using the image capture system Framegrabber (Imagenation PXC-200) and a PC (with an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, 1024 MB RAM, 160 GB hard disk, Windows XP Pro), and stored via a DVD recorder (Panasonic LQ-MD800). Quantification of capillary erythrocyte flow velocities was performed using the computer-assisted image analysis system Cap Image Version 8.5 which includes a movie tool as a video sequence storage medium. The method allows estimation of capillary density and tortuosity as well as capillary circulation in the anesthetized pig within a few minutes. First measurements were made after anesthesia induction followed by further measurements during anesthesia maintenance (3 minutes each). No differences in capillary circulation were found. The present method is thus very well suited for long-term microcirculation measurements in pigs, e.g., to evaluate therapeutic interventions in the ischemic limb model.
Does carbonyl stress cause increased blood viscosity during storage?
Authors: Li Guolin , He Hong , Yan Han , Zhao Qiong , Yin Dazhong 
Published: December 2019

Background: The structural and biochemical changes to erythrocytes during storage, called ‘storage lesion’, are important factors that contribute to decreases in the efficacy and safety of blood transfusions. However, the biochemical mechanisms are only partly understood. Study design and methods: Fresh whole blood in citrate phosphate dextrose anticoagulant was preserved in storage bags at 1–4°C for over 20 days. Aliquots of stored blood were withdrawn for analysis at the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th day of storage. Whole blood viscosity, plasma reactive carbonyl species, erythrocyte membrane protein carbonylation, protein (tryptophan) fluorescence and the contents of thiols were quantified concurrently. Results: There were significant increases in blood viscosity and plasma reactive carbonyl species level during storage. There were significant time-dependent increases in membrane protein carbonylation, increases in protein (tryptophan) fluorescence and a decrease in the content of thiols. Conclusion: Reactive carbonyl species, by attacking the amino and/or sulfhydryl groups of erythrocyte membrane proteins, induce a series of structural alterations in erythrocytes. These lead to an increase in blood viscosity and reduce the efficacy and safety of storage and transfusion.
KARAKTERISTIK IKLIM MIKRO DI BAWAH TEGAKAN SENGON-KACANG PANJANG DAN JABON–BUNCIS
Authors: Anuar Andi Fazlur Agung , Karyati Karyati 
Published: December 2019

The combination planting of forestry and agriculture plants influence microclimate under tree stand. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of microclimate (air temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity) under stands of sengon (Falcataria moluccana)-long bean (Vigna cylindrica), jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba)-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and open area. The measurement of climate elements was conducted three times a day, such as in the morning (06.00-07.00), at noon (11.00-12.00), and afternoon (17.00-18.00) for 30 days by using Environment meter. The average light intensity were 533.5 lux, 534.3 lux, and 1919.7 lux under stands of sengon-long bean, jabon-bean, and open area. The average temperature under stands of sengon-long bean was 29.9°C, under jabon-bean was 30.0°C , and in the open area was 31.2°C. The average relative humidity under stands of sengon-long bean, jabon-bean, and open area were 69.5%, 69.3%, and 67.2%, respectively.
Predicting the Temperature and Composition – Dependent Density and Viscosity of Diesel Fuel – Ethanol Blends
Authors: Todoruț Adrian , Molea Andreia , Barabás István 
Published: December 2019

Density and viscosity are very important fuel properties which have a major influence not only on the fuel production, transportation and distribution processes but also on the processes that take place in an internal combustion engine. Developing robust and high precision density and viscosity models for stabilized diesel fuel – ethanol blends helps the production of fuel to adhere to the quality requirements regarding density and viscosity and the modeling and simulation of injection and combustion processes. For modeling the density and the viscosity of diesel fuel – ethanol blends, five mixtures were prepared with ethanol content up to 15 % (v/v) and were stabilized by adding tetrahydrofuran as a surfactant at room temperature. The temperature-dependent density and viscosity of the blends were measured at four different temperatures (0, 15, 40 and 50 °C) using an SVM 3000 type apparatus. Based on experimental data, several mixing rules were fitted to them and three new models were developed, of which two need only one experimental value. These models yield very good accuracies, presenting average relative deviations of 0.0604 % in the case of density and 3.8931 % in the case of viscosity.
An Analysis of Validity and Reliability of a Teacher-Made Test
Authors: Setiabudi Agung , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Puspita Hilda 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to find out the validity and reliability of a teacher-made test in SMAN 6 Bengkulu. This research was a descriptive quantitative research. The subject of this research was an English teacher-made test for eleventh grade students of SMAN 6 Bengkulu. There were 40 items of the test consist of 35 multiple choice items and 5 essay items. There were two research instruments used in this research, observation checklist and documentation. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the percentage of the validity score was 60% or 0.60. It means that the test was valid but in the intermediate category. The r-obtained for reliability test was 0.62 and it was considered to be reliable but was in the intermediate level of reliability. From the research finding, it can be concluded that the test was valid and reliable but both were in the intermediate category. It means that the test still need some revision and improvement in order to be a good, valid, and reliable test. Key Words : Validity, Reliability, Teacher-made test
Allah’ın Görülemeyeceği Görüşünün Temellendirilmesinde “El-Muğnî” Örneği
Authors: PINAR Fatma 
Published: December 2019

Allah’ın âhiret âleminde gözlerle
görülüp görülemeyeceği meselesi II. (VIII).
yüzyılın ilk yarısında ortaya çıkmış ve uzunca bir dönem kelâm mezhepleri
arasında tartışma konusu olmuştur. Âlimlerin bazıları Allah’ın âhiret âleminde
müminler tarafından görüleceğini fakat kâfirlerin bundan mahrum olacağını iddia
etmiştir. Bazılarıysa konuyla ilgili ayetleri farklı te’vil etmek suretiyle ne
bu dünyada ne de öteki dünyada Allah’ın görülmesinin mümkün olmadığı neticesine
ulaşmıştır. Bu görüş genellikle sıkı sıkıya bağlı oldukları tevhit ilkesi
etrafında görüşleri şekillenen Mu’tezile âlimleri tarafından benimsenmiştir. Mu’tezile
Allah’ın görülemeyeceği yönündeki tespitlerini ortaya koymak üzere çeşitli
eserler telif etmiştir. Bu eserlerden biri de ünlü Mu’tezile kelâmcısı Kâdî
Abdülcebbâr el-Hemedânî’nin (ö. 415/1025) el-Muğnî fî Ebvabi’t-Tevhîd ve’l-Adl
isimli eseridir. O, bu eserinde Allah’ın görülmesinin mümkün olmadığını gerek
akli gerekse nakli deliller ve konuyu somutlaştırıcı örnekler sunmak suretiyle
ispatlamaya çalışmıştır. Bu çalışmada bu eserden hareketle İslâm düşünce tarihinde
rü’yetullah tartışmasının nedenleri, boyutları, konu hakkındaki müspet ve menfi
görüş ve deliller tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
PROJECT BASED LEARNING IN TRANSLATION CLASS
Authors: Apandi Apandi , Afiah Devi Siti Sihatul 
Published: December 2019

PROJECT BASED LEARNING IN TRANSLATION CLASSApandiProdi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FKIP Unswagati CirebonEmail: aapandi5@gmail.comDevi Siti Sihatul AfiahProdi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, FKIP Unswagati CirebonÂ Â AbstractThis study aims to identify student learning experiences in the Indonesian-English translation class. This study uses a case study approach with data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews and questionnaires. Observations are made to obtain data sources from direct sources. Interviews were conducted to find out whether the places visited had historical stories, legends or folktales that could be translated into English, and also to find out the obstacles or challenges faced during learning using PBL. A questionnaire was used to identify learning experiences in the Indonesian-English translation class using PBL. Respondents were students of the 6th semester of the English language education program who took part in the English-Indonesian translation course. Data is presented in the form of descriptive explanations and also supported by graph data to facilitate the presentation. This study shows that the use of PBL provides benefits in forming independent learners, improving critical thinking and can improve attitudes in collaboration with peers. However, there are still obstacles and challenges in translation courses using PBL, namely at the beginning of the lecture in the form of less preparation time, adaptation with group mates and also the location of observations that are located some distance from the campus or where students are, and there are difficulties in translating cultural words found.Key words: PBL, Translation, Learning Experience