bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valproic acid reverses sorafenib resistance through inhibiting activated Notch/Akt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Jing , Liang Qing , Sun Guangchun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common lethal human malignancies worldwide. Sorafenib is the first‐line drug approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for HCC. However, the acquired resistance to sorafenib reduces its beneficial effects and limits clinical use. In this study, we established a sorafenib‐resistant HCC cell line HepG2‐SR by low‐concentration gradient induction. Compared with the parental cell HepG2, the proliferation and anti‐apoptosis were increased in drug‐resistant cell HepG2‐SR. Thorough comparisons of the molecular changes between parental HepG2 and sorafenib‐resistant HepG2‐SR cells indicated that the Notch signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were associated with sorafenib resistance mechanisms. Notch1 and Akt were upregulated in sorafenib‐resistant cells. However, we surprisingly found that valproic acid (VPA) combined with sorafenib could enhance the sensitivity of drug‐resistant cells and reverse the increased levels of Notch1 and Akt in sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells. Moreover, Akt inhibitor could suppress Notch1 expression, whereas the level of Akt phosphorylation decreased along with increasing dose of Notch inhibitor. Besides, we found that knockdown of Akt resulted in Notch1 reduction, whereas Notch1 reduction also led to a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of Akt. Collectively, our results indicated that Notch1 and Akt might play vital roles in sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and VPA might overcome the drug resistance to enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib through suppressing Notch/Akt signaling pathway. VPA combined with sorafenib may provide a potential targeting therapeutic regimen for clinically to solve the problem of sorafenib resistance.
Effectiveness of blood glucose control protocol for open heart surgery patients
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Suh Eunyoung E. , Shim JaeLan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored blood glucose control protocol for postoperative cardiac surgery patients treated in intensive care.DesignRetrospective study.MethodsData for the control group (non‐tailored protocol) were collected from medical records at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea between April–July 2015. Data for the experimental group (tailored protocol) were obtained from medical records between April–July 2016. After adjusting the target blood glucose range, eliminating single‐dose insulin administration and extending the blood glucose measurement time interval, data for blood glucose measurements, time for reaching and maintaining target blood glucose, mean number of daily blood glucose measurements and insulin dose adjustments for the experimental group were collected.ResultsIn the experimental group (where the target blood glucose rate was increased) the hypoglycaemia rate and the variation in blood glucose decreased significantly compared with the control group. In particular, the experimental group maintained relatively stable blood glucose levels by retaining a small variation range in glucose, regardless of the presence of diabetes. Time required for maintaining target blood glucose, mean number of daily blood glucose measurements and insulin dose adjustments per patient decreased.ConclusionThe tailored protocol contributes to the safe and effective control of blood glucose in critical care patients after cardiac surgery and to the efficiency of nurses administering it.ImpactThis study has two significant impacts. The application of the tailored protocol has a positive impact on patients’ blood glucose management, a critical component of treatment for postoperative cardiac patients in intensive care units. It also has a positive impact on the efficiency of nurses applying it. The results of this study are thus expected to facilitate successful implementation of clinical protocols for critical care after heart surgery.
The Role of Emotion Processing in the Association between Parental Discipline and Adolescent Socio‐Emotional Development
Authors: Li Zhi , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. , Russell Justin D. , Martin Meredith J. , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: October 2020

This research investigated whether biases in processing threatening emotional cues operate as an indirect pathway through which parental harsh discipline is associated with adolescent socio‐emotional functioning. Participants were 192 adolescents (M age = 12.4), and their parents assessed over two years. Findings revealed two significant indirect pathways involving fear processing. Greater parental harsh discipline was linked to more emotional response inhibition difficulty for fear, which was linked to more depressive symptoms in the following year. Greater parental harsh discipline was also associated with more emotional response inhibition difficulty for fear, and thereby, more peer problems later. Findings suggest that adolescent emotional processing operated as an indirect pathway linking parental harsh discipline and adolescent socio‐emotional functioning within the broader social context.
Probing the nature of extraterrestrial dust reaching the Earth’s surface collected from the Maitri station, Antarctica
Authors: Rudraswami N. G. , Fernandes D. , Pandey M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrometeorites (MMs) are extraterrestrial dust particles, in the size range of tens of µm to mm, recovered from the Earth’s surface primarily from deep‐sea sediments, Antarctica, and also from space. The present collection of MMs (>50 µm) obtained by melting ~50 t of ice near the Maitri station, Antarctica, has allowed us to investigate the abundance and properties of the particles by an unbiased collection technique. The collection reveals a large quantity of extraterrestrial material in the ~80−140 µm size range. Previous collections have shown an abundance of particles at diameter ~200 µm, which is in contrast to our findings. This can either be explained by movement of material within the ice or a recent influx of smaller particles. The smaller particles (<80 µm) typically undergo atmospheric entry heating, contrary to earlier observations, which have suggested that they reach the Earth’s surface unmelted. Chondrules and refractory inclusions are rare in the collected MMs indicating that their contribution is only a small percentage. The Maitri station collection does not have a well‐constrained ice accumulation rate and terrestrial age. Nevertheless, based on matching the previous well‐documented flux calculation of Antarctica, we suggest a slow ice accumulation rate of <1.0 g cm−2 yr−1 near Maitri station.
Intramedullary capillary hemangioma mimicking myelitis with longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions
Authors: Matsumoto Yasuko , Yamaguchi Kazuyoshi , Fujisawa Hironori 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA 64‐year‐old man presented with back pain and dysesthesia in the arms. Neurological examination results were unremarkable. T2‐weighted MRI revealed an abnormal intensity mimicking myelitis with longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions. Contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted MRI revealed an enhanced intramedullary mass at the Th7 level. CSF showed slight pleocytosis and elevated protein levels. CT and PET of the whole body showed no significant findings. The lesion was removed surgically and was compatible with capillary hemangioma histologically. Postoperatively, his symptoms and the long cord lesion were resolved. This case indicates that marked edema mimicking myelitis can be caused by intramedullary capillary hemangioma.
Prognostic Significance of Thrombomodulin mRNA in High‐Grade Soft Tissue Sarcomas after 10 years
Authors: Asanuma Kunihiro , Nakamura Tomoki , Asanuma Yumiko , Okamoto Takayuki , Kakimoto Takuya , Yada Yuki , Hagi Tomohito , Kita Kouji , Nakamura Koichi , Matsumine Akihiko , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo elucidate the correlation between expression of thrombomodulin (TM) mRNA from 83 benign soft tissue tumors or soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and clinicopathological parameters and to analyze the outcome of high‐grade STS patients after 10 years.MethodsTotal RNA was extracted from 83 primary soft tissue tumors (15 benign tumors, 68 STS). TM mRNA normalized to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase was measured with real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared to various clinicopathological parameters. The log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazard analysis were used to evaluate recurrence‐free survival, metastasis‐free survival, and overall survival.ResultsThrombomodulin mRNA levels were not significantly different between benign tumors and STS. In STS, TM mRNA levels were not significantly different between histologically high‐grade (n = 57) and low‐grade (n = 11) tumors. Following analysis of high‐grade STS at the 10‐year follow‐up, 21 patients had experienced a recurrence, 22 patients had experienced metastasis, and 23 patients had died of disease (DOD). TM levels were significantly higher in patients with metastasis or DOD patients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for identifying 5‐year and 10‐year DOD determined the threshold for best sensitivity and specificity as 0.283. We divided patients into those with high (<0.283) and low (≤0.283) TM mRNA levels. Based on Kaplan–Meier analysis, a significant difference between the two groups was seen for recurrence‐free survival (5 years: low = 76.6%, high = 53.1%, 10 years: low: 67.0%, high 39.8%, P = 0.0122) and metastasis‐free survival (5 years: low = 86.3%, high = 40.2%, 10 years: low: 73.3%, high: 35.2%, P = 0.00023). Furthermore, the high TM group showed significantly worse prognosis than the low TM group (5 years: low = 90.1%, high = 42.3%, 10 years: low: 76.4%, high 31.3%, P = 0.00031). Thus, high levels of TM mRNA are associated with highly recurrent and metastatic potential and lead to poor prognosis. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, only high TM showed a significant difference in metastasis‐free survival (hazard ratio: 4.33, 95% confidence interval 1.61–11.6, P = 0.00359) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 3.69, 95% confidence interval 1.49–10.5, P = 0.00569).ConclusionHigh levels of TM mRNA may be a significant predictor of recurrence, metastasis, and a poor outcome in STS patients after 10 years. TM is a candidate molecular marker and may be clinically useful for devising a therapeutic treatment strategy by prediction of prognosis.
Parametric versus nonparametric: The fitness coefficient
Authors: Mazo Gildas , Portier François 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOlkin and Spiegelman introduced a semiparametric estimator of the density defined as a mixture between the maximum likelihood estimator and the kernel density estimator. Due to the absence of any leave‐one‐out strategy and the hardness of estimating the Kullback–Leibler loss of kernel density estimate, their approach produces unsatisfactory results. This article investigates an alternative approach in which only the kernel density estimate is modified. From a theoretical perspective, the estimated mixture parameter is shown to converge in probability to one if the parametric model is true and to zero otherwise. From a practical perspective, the utility of the approach is illustrated on real and simulated data sets.
Does mixed vs separate sheep and cattle grazing reduce soil compaction?
Authors: Jordon Matthew William 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDegradation of soil in the United Kingdom (UK) is compromising the ecosystem services that flow from this natural capital asset, including water flow regulation. Soil compacted by grazing livestock, for example, results in an increase in overland flow following rainfall and is thought to be one of the key factors contributing to increased severity of UK winter flooding in recent years. Practical farm‐scale changes in livestock management that lead to improvements in water flow regulation therefore need to be identified. This pilot study aimed to assess the impact of (i) changing stocking composition, and (ii) temporary grazing exclusions, on soil natural capital quality on a sheep and beef cattle farm in Northumberland, England. I found evidence of improved soil bulk density under mixed sheep and cattle grazing compared to cattle‐only grazing over a 3‐month summer grazing season; bulk density in 'cattle‐only' pastures increased from 0.836 to 0.875 g cm−3 from June to September 2017, compared with a small decrease of 0.875–0.871 g cm−3 in 'cattle to mixed sheep and cattle' pastures (difference significant at p < .05 level). Changing from sheep‐only grazing to mixed grazing, and exclusion of grazing, did not significantly influence bulk density change (p > .05). This study indicates that rapid improvements in soil physical properties can be achieved through realistic changes to livestock management. If this finding can be confirmed over multiple grazing seasons, this potentially offers a straightforward means to enhance soil health on grazed land in the UK, improving delivery of water flow regulation and other ecosystem services.
Faculty development review: Improving learning in the operating theatre
Authors: Kent Frances , McGregor Euan , Jamieson Russell W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundUndergraduate medical students’ time is precious, and with increasingly limited exposure to surgery, learning at every opportunity needs to be facilitated. The operating theatre is a unique classroom and factors related to this environment could impact on learning opportunities. We aim to help surgical faculty overcome these barriers and develop the operating theatre’s potential as a learning environment.ResultsReports in the literature frequently mention the emotional aspects of attending theatre and trying to fit in with the surgical team, and often report negative feelings such as feeling unwelcome. Students also report feeling confused about what they should be hoping to learn from their theatre experience, and what their role is in theatre.ConclusionWe suggest ways in which surgical faculty can help the student fit into the theatre environment and hope that this will improve undergraduate surgical education and enthusiasm for surgery.
Response, Localization, and Rupture of Anisotropic Tubes Under Combined Pressure and Tension
Authors: Scales Martin , Chen Kelin , Kyriakides Stelios 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The inelastic response and failure of Al-6061-T6 tubes under combined internal pressure and tension is investigated as part of a broader study of ductile failure of Al-alloys. A custom experimental setup is used to load thin-walled tubes to failure under radial paths in the axial-hoop stress space. All loading paths achieve nominal stress maxima beyond which deformation localizes into a narrow band. 3D digital image correlation (DIC) was used to monitor the deformations in the test section and successfully captured the rapid growth of strain within the localization bands where they burst. The biaxial stress states generated are first used to calibrate the nonquadratic anisotropic Yld04-3D yield function (Barlat et al., 2005, “Linear Transformation-based Anisotropic Yield Functions,” Int. J. Plasticity, 21(5), pp. 1009–1039). The constitutive model is then incorporated through a UMAT into a finite element analysis and used to simulate numerically the experiments. The same calculations were performed using von Mises (VM) and an isotropic nonquadratic yield function. The material hardening responses adopted were extracted for each constitutive model from the necked zone of a tensile test using an inverse method. The use of solid elements captures the evolution of local deformation deep into the localizing part of the response, producing strain levels that are required in the application of failure criteria. The results demonstrate that the adoption of a nonquadratic yield function, together with a correct material hardening response are essential for large deformation predictions in localizing zones in Al-alloys. Including the anisotropy in such a constitutive model produces results that are closest to the experiments.
Pressurized SOFC System Fuelled by Biogas: Control Approaches and Degradation Impact
Authors: Ferrari Mario L. , Zaccaria Valentina , Kyprianidis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper shows control approaches for managing a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system fuelled by biogas. This is an advanced solution to integrate the high efficiency benefits of a pressurized SOFC with a renewable source. The operative conditions of these analyses are based on the matching with an emulator rig including a T100 machine for tests in cyber-physical mode. So, this paper presents a real-time model including the fuel cell, the off-gas burner (OFB), and the recirculation lines. Although the microturbine components are planned to be evaluated with the hardware devices, the model includes also the T100 expander for machine control reasons. The simulations shown in this paper regard the assessment of an innovative control tool based on the model predictive control (MPC) technology. This controller and an additional tool based on the coupling of MPC and proportional integral derivative (PID) approaches were assessed against the application of PID controllers. The control targets consider both steady-state and dynamic aspects. Moreover, different control solutions are presented to operate the system during fuel cell degradation. The results include the system response to load variations, and SOFC voltage decrease. Considering the simulations including SOFC degradation, the MPC was able to decrease the thermal stress, but it was not able to compensate the degradation. On the other hand, the tool based on the coupling of the MPC and the PID approaches produced the best results in terms of set-point matching, and SOFC thermal stress containment.
Detrital zircon provenance of the Indus Group, Ladakh, NW India: Implications for the timing of the India-Asia collision and other syn-orogenic processes
Authors: Bhattacharya Gourab , Robinson Delores M. , Wielicki Matthew M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe timing of the India-Asia collision is greatly debated and is critical for elucidating early orogenic processes. This study documents, for the first time, evidence of India-Asia detrital mixing in the continental sedimentary rocks of the India-Asia collision zone of NW India at ca. 50 Ma and presents the largest detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb age data set (n = 1225) from the region. Our DZ U-Pb age spectra from the early Eocene–late Oligocene continental Indus Group reveal a hybrid India-Asia provenance. The dominant Mesozoic–Cenozoic DZ peaks are ca. 107 Ma, 100–80 Ma, 60–50 Ma, 40 Ma, and 26 Ma, and they are mostly derived from Asia. The primary Precambrian DZ peaks are ca. 2.5 Ga, 1.2–0.95 Ga, 0.78–0.63 Ga, and 0.55 Ga and are representative of Tethyan Himalayan rocks on Greater India. Maximum depositional ages (MDAs) for four key Indus Group units, the Nurla, Hemis, Basgo, and Temesgam Formations, support syn-orogenic deposition in the Indus Basin from early Eocene to at least late Oligocene time. The Nurla Formation, with an MDA of ca. 50 Ma, records the first arrival of Greater Indian zircons on the Asian plate, thereby indicating uplift and erosion along the subducting Indian plate and collision of India with Asia by ca. 50 Ma. The ca. 27–26 Ma zircons in the younger late Oligocene Basgo and Temesgam Formations were contributed by the Lhasa terrane in south Tibet, which implies that the Indus River flowed from east to west across NW India at least by ca. 27 Ma.
Risk of newly developing visual field defect and neurodegeneration after pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane
Authors: Akino Kunihiko , Nagai Norihiro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Ban Norimitsu , Kurihara Toshihide , Uchida Atsuro , Shinoda Hajime , Tsubota Kazuo , Ozawa Yoko 
Published: October 2020

Background/AimsPars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is widely performed in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) to improve vision. Postoperative visual field defects (VFDs) have been previously reported. However, whether they occur when using the most recent PPV system, and the frequency of VFDs as measured by standard automated perimetry, remain poorly documented and were examined in this study.MethodsData of 30 eyes (30 patients; mean age, 66.1 years; 15 men) who underwent PPV for iERM during February 2016–June 2019 and had preoperative and postoperative visual field measurements using standard automated perimetry (Humphrey visual field analyser 30-2 program) were retrospectively analysed. Eyes with diseases other than iERM, including moderate-to-severe cataract or preoperative VFDs were excluded.ResultsVFD, defined by the Anderson and Patella’s criteria, was found in 73.3% of the eyes 1 month after PPV. After age adjustment, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was identified as a risk factor for postoperative VFD (p=0.035; 95% CI 1.173 to 92.8). Postoperative VFD was frequently observed nasally (86.4%, p=0.002), and on optical coherence tomography measurements, ganglion cell layer (GCL) thinning was found temporal to the fovea (p=0.008). Thinning of the superior and inferior retinal nerve fibre layers and of the GCL temporal to the fovea were significant in eyes after ILM peeling (all p<0.05).ConclusionILM peeling may cause inner retinal degeneration and lead to the development of VFDs after PPV, which should be further examined.
Expanding the screening toolbox to promote athlete health: how the US Olympic & Paralympic Committee screened for health problems in 940 elite athletes
Authors: Nabhan Dustin , Lewis Melie , Taylor David , Bahr Roald 
Published: October 2020

AimTo assess the value of including validated screening tools for allergies, anxiety, depression, sleep apnoea and sleep quality into an electronic patient health history questionnaire.MethodsIn this descriptive study, we reviewed electronic medical records of Olympic and Paralympic athletes who completed health screenings, which included validated screens for allergies (Allergy Questionnaire for Athletes), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-2), depression (Patient Health Questionaire-2), sleep apnoea (Berlin Questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), using established criteria for a positive screen. We report the prevalence of positive tests and the associations between positive screening tools.ResultsA total of 683 Olympic and 257 Paralympic athletes (462 male, 478 female) completed the health history between May and September of 2019. At least one positive screen was reported by 37% of athletes training for the Olympics and 48% of athletes training for the Paralympics. More than 20% of all athletes screened positive for allergies and poor sleep quality. Athletes training for the Paralympics had a significantly higher percentage of positive screens for anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality and sleep apnoea risk. Females had significantly more positive screens for allergy and poor sleep quality.ConclusionsThe addition of standardised screening tools to an electronic health history resulted in the identification of potential mental health, sleep and allergy problems in both Olympic and Paralympic athletes. Strong associations between mental health and sleep disorders suggest these problems should be considered together in health screening programmes.