bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival rates for Nephrops norvegicus discarded from Northern European trawl fisheries
Authors: Fox Clive J , Albalat Amaya , Valentinsson Daniel , Nilsson Hans C , Armstrong Frank , Randall Peter , Catchpole Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
When discarded from bottom trawl fisheries, survival of Nephrops norvegicus may be sufficiently high that this species can be exempted from the EU Landing Obligation. In three studies, Nephrops were sampled from trawlers in northern European waters, and the fate of individuals monitored for a minimum of 13 days in onshore tanks. Winter estimates of captive survival (means ± 95% confidence intervals), including immediate mortality during catch sorting, were 62 ± 2.8% for the West of Scotland, 57 ± 1.8% for the Farne Deeps (North Sea), and 67 ± 5.4% for the Skagerrak. The Farne Deeps fishery is not active in summer, but captive survival rates in summer in the other two areas were reduced to 47 ± 3.4% for West of Scotland and 40 ± 4.8% for the Skagerrak. Linear modelling of the West of Scotland and Skagerrak data suggested that higher survivals in winter were related to colder water or air temperatures, although temperatures during captive observation may also have had an impact. Net modifications in the Skagerrak study had an effect on survival, which was higher for Nephrops sampled from nets equipped with the more selective Swedish sorting grid compared to Seltra trawls.
It's Easier to Talk About Diarrhoea Than Depression
Authors: Runciman Brian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
People are much more comfortable talking about physical ailments than mental ones. The title of this piece comes from a blog post by the Chief Executive of Mental Health First Aid England and demonstrates well why mental health is an ongoing conversation. BCS undertook research at the end of 2019, alongside an analysis of ONS data, to see the effects in IT. Brian Runciman MBCS reports.
Sound Stories
Authors: Mcgregor Milena Droumeva Iain 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The paper ‘Sound Stories: A Context-Based Study of Everyday Listening to Augmented Soundscapes’ by Milena Droumeva and Iain McGregor published in Interacting with Computers, Volume 31, Issue 3, May 2019, explores how soundscapes are transforming to accommodate additional sonic feedback.
Rapid Chemical Confirmatory Method for Aflatoxin B1. I. Development of the Method
Authors: Pohland A E , Yin L , Dantzman J. G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A revised method has been developed for the formation of anatoxin Bi derivatives for chemical confirmation. The method involves treating the aflatoxin-containing extract with concentrated HCl and water to yield the water adduct and with concentrated HCl and acetic anhydride to yield the epimeric acetates. The method is considered simpler to perform and produces fewer side reactions than the AOAC official final action method.
Rapid Chemical Confirmatory Method for Aflatoxin B1. II. Collaborative Study
Authors: Stoloff L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A revised method for the preparation of aflatoxin B1 derivatives for chemical confirmation has been compared with the AOAC official final action method in a collaborative study, using TLC-pure aflatoxin Bi isolated by the individual collaborators from peanut butter, peanut meal, and corn. The study showed that the revised method was simpler, shorter, and more reliable than the official method. It is recommended for adoption as an official first action alternative to the preparation and observation portions of the official final action method.
Ion Exchange Method for Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride in an Elixir
Authors: Smith Donald J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Phenylpropanolamine is retained on a sulfonated polystyrene cation exchange resin by the positive charge located in the cationic center of the molecule. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is eluted from the column with 0.27N HCl and determined by UV absorption. Duplicate recoveries were 101 and 101%. The method is recommended for collaborative study.
Collaborative Study of the Ion-Pair Column Partition Method for the Determination of Phenylephrine.HC1 in Drug Formulations
Authors: Margosis Michel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Three solutions containing varying amounts of phenylephrine.HC1 were subjected to a collaborative evaluation of the ion-pair column partition method of Levine and Doyle. Results submitted by 20 collaborators were evaluated statistically. Recoveries averaged 99.0, 100.8, and 103.5% with 95% confidence limits of the mean of ±0.71, ±0.53, and ±0.85%, respectively. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action. The colorimetric method approved last year is recommended for adoption as official final action.
UV Determination of Naphthaleneacetic Acid in Apples and Potatoes
Authors: Randall Robert C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Six collaborators studied a spectrophotometric method in which the chopped product is extracted with CHCl3, the extract is cleaned up on a Florisil column, and the residue is determined spectrophotometrically in the UV region (283 nm). The overall average recovery of the collaborative study was 93%. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Extraction, Cleanup, and Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Analysis of Captan, Folpet, and Difolatan in Crops
Authors: Pomerantz Irwin H , Miller Lee J , Kava Gary 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The fungicides captan, folpet, and Difolatan were determined in crops by a procedure using electron capture GLC. Either QF-1 or XE-60 columns were used after acetonitrile extraction from fortified crops, partitioning into methylene chloride-petroleum ether, and cleanup on Florisil. Six food crops were fortified at levels from 2.0 to 0.1 ppm. Recoveries were generally between 80-110%. The procedure permits analysis for these fungicides when the previous spray or exposure history of the crops is unknown.
Note on Speetrophotofluorometric Determination of p-Naphthoxyacetic Acid
Authors: Davidson Arthur W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A preliminary report is presented on the speetrophotofluorometric analysis of β-naphthoxyacetic acid in tomato products: the emission spectra are scanned from 200 to 800 nm with a 280 nm excitation, and the excitation spectra are scanned from 200 to 340 nm with a 354 nm emission. Further work is planned on improvement in cleanup and adaptation of the method for fluorometry.
Analysis for Carotenes and Xanthophylls in Dried Plant Materials
Authors: Quackenbush F W , Dyer M A , Smallidge R L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for the analysis of carotenes, carotenols, and carotendiols in dried plant materials. The extraction procedure is applicable to both alfalfa meals and corn products. Column chromatography on silica gel G permits separation of carotenes from xanthophylls and subsequent fractionation of xanthophylls into mono hydroxy (MHP) and dihydroxy pigments (DHP) which are free from polyoxy pigments. A procedure is proposed for calculation of a “DHP-equivalent” as a measure of pigmenting effectiveness for avian skin and yolks. The method appears to be applicable to mixed feeds.
Collaborative Study on the GLC and AOAC Methods for the Quantitative Determination of Lactic and Succinic Acids in Egg
Authors: Staruszkiewicz Walter F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nine laboratories collaboratively studied a method for the quantitative GLC determination of lactic and succinic acids in eggs. Four of the laboratories also analyzed samples by the official AOAC method (16.037–16.042). Samples of frozen whole egg, some passable and some decomposed, were analyzed. The organic acids were extracted by the present AOAC procedures, the acids were then esterified with BF2-l-propanol, and the esters were quantitated by GLC. A collaborative report already published on the GLC determination of standard lactic and succinic acids added to egg extracts established that the method gives accurate results over a broad range of acid concentrations. The samples in the present study contained 4–30 mg lactic acid/100 g egg and 0–20 mg succinic acid/100 g egg. Each collaborator analyzed three samples in duplicate and one sample in triplicate. Using the GLC method, the standard deviation was never greater than 0.6 mg for samples containing less than 16 mg lactic acid/100 g egg, while the standard deviation was 0.2 mg for 7 mg or less succinic acid/100 g egg. The results demonstrate that the method gives good precision when it is applied to passable and to decomposed egg and the method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
GLC and Colorimetric Determination of Ipronidazole in Finished Feeds
Authors: Osadca M , Araujo M , De Ritter E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ipronidazole at 0.003% and above in finished feeds is determined gas chromatographically and spectrophotometrically. In the GLC method, ipronidazole is extracted with warm 0.27V HC1 and an aliquot is made alkaline and extracted with benzene. A portion of the benzene extract is injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. The method is very sensitive, rapid, and reproducible and yields complete recovery of the drug. Ipronidazole is separated from dimetridazole; vitamins, antibiotics, sulfa drugs, and arsenicals do not interfere. In the spectrophotometric method the dilute HCI extract is purified on a column of magnesium oxide, diatomaceous earth, and asbestos. An aliquot of the eluate is made alkaline, ipronidazole is extracted with chloroform, and the absorbance is measured at 318 nm. Ipronidazole is then removed by evaporation at 75°C, the residue is redissolved in the same volume of chloroform, and the feed extract blank is measured. Average recovery of ipronidazole from feeds is about 98%. Other feed additives such as vitamins, antibiotics, sulfa drugs, and arsenicals do not interfere. Dimetridazole, which is also measured by the spectrophotometric method, is differentiated by thin layer chromatography.
Collaborative Study on Determination of Extractables from Rubber Materials
Authors: Korte Dennis E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Six laboratories studied a method for determining the amounts of water- and hexanesoluble materials from rubber. Four different samples, consisting of small disks of slab rubber, were extracted 7 hr with hexane or water. After the solvent was evaporated, the residues were determined gravimetrically. Satisfactory precision was obtained and it is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Microbiological Assay of Streptomycin in Feeds
Authors: Mayernik John J , Fiori Gloria Y 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Modifications of the official AOAC method for the determination of streptomycin in feeds were collaboratively studied. The cylinder plate assay uses Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism; low levels of streptomycin are determined with sulfadiazine-sensitized assay agar and high levels are determined with nonsensitized assay agar. The modifications include a single extraction and either mechanical shaker or high-speed blender as alternative methods of extraction. Four feed levels at 6 to 75 g streptomycin/ton were analyzed by the sensitized method. The average recoveries ranged from 81 to 98% and the coefficients of variation ranged from 4.5 to 9.7%. Also, four feed levels containing 37.5 to 300 g streptomycin/ton were analyzed by the non-sensitized assay. The spread of recoveries among 18 collaborators was too wide for this method to be acceptable at the levels studied. It is recommended that the sulfadiazine-sensitized assay be adopted as official first action at 6 g/ton and that the non-sensitized assay be approved at the level of 2.8 g/lb and study continued at lower levels.
Removal of Interfering Nitrate and Nitrite in Inulin Determination of Extracellular Fluid Space by Anthrone
Authors: Lorenzetti O J , Nelson J W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Nitrates and nitrites, which interfere in the analysis of inulin by the anthrone color reaction, are removed from the sample by chromatography through Amberlite IR-45 A.R. cation exchange resin. Inulin is quantitatively recovered and measured spectrophotometrically.
Collaborative Study on the Analysis of Amyl p-Dimethylaminobenzoate in Suntan Preparations by Chromatography and Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry
Authors: Davis Henry M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of amyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate in suntan preparations was submitted for collaborative study. The sunscreen is isolated by partition chromatography and determined by UV spectrophotometry. The data of two collaborators were discarded. Results for the six collaborators show recoveries of 94-101% for samples containing from 10.2 to 23.1 mg sunscreen. The standard deviation varied from 0.18 to 0.72 and the coefficient of variation from 1.84 to 3.6%. It is recommended that the method be adopted as official first action.
Determination of Concentration and Purity of Aflatoxin Standards
Authors: Rodricks J V , Stoloff L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The concentration of solutions of aflatoxin standards is determined by UV absorbance measurement and the purity is determined by examination of developed 50 ng spots of the anatoxins on TLC plates. Results from three collaborative studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. This procedure should be employed each time solutions of anatoxins are prepared for use in quantitative analysis. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Analysis of Mestranol in Combination with Norethindrone or Norethynodrel by Partition Chromatography and UV Measurement
Authors: Brunner Charlotte A , Kunze Frieda M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the analysis of tablets containing mestranol, or mestranol in combination with norethindrone or norethynodrel. Mestranol is isolated by column partition chromatography with formamide and dimethylformamide as the stationary phase and heptane as the mobile phase and determined by UV spectroscopy.
Turbidimetric Determination of Soluble Sulfates in Water-Soluble Color Additives
Authors: Hobin Nancy Kay 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A turbidimetric procedure is described forthe determination of soluble sulfates in water-soluble color additives. The color additive is adsorbed on activated carbon, the sulfates in the filtrate are precipitated as barium sulfate, and the turbidity is measured spectrophotometrically at 440 nm . The precision of this method is m0.1% in the range of 0.1–2.5% sodium sulfate.
Evaluation of Color Additives Using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter
Authors: Marmion Daniel M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
DSC is a rapid and sensitive tool for the determination of the melting point, moisture content, purity, and heat of fusion of certifiable colors. The relative stability and the identification of the colorants may also be deduced from the thermograms. The procedures outlined require only a few milligrams of sample and provide a permanent record. Attempts to obtain similar information for natural color additives were unsuccessful due to the inability to obtain reproducible thermograms.
Note on Identification of a Chlordane Metabolite Found in Milk and Cheese
Authors: Lawrence J H , Barron R P , Chen J -Y T , Lombardo P , Benson W R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A previously unreported metabolite of chlordane has been isolated and identified. Based on mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and its mode of synthesis, the metabolite is postulated to be l-exo-2-endo-4,5,6,7,8,8- octachloro-2,3-epoxy-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene.
3,5-Dialkyl Phenols and Their Allyl Substitution Products: Infrared Absorption Spectra and Interpretation of Characteristic Frequency Shifts
Authors: Chen J -Y T , Oates Nancy C , Firestone David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The infrared spectra of five 3,5-dialkyl phenols, six 2-allyl-3,5-dialkyl phenols, and five 4-allyl-3,5-dialkyl phenols are presented. The characteristic infrared absorption frequencies are tabulated in correlation charts. The hyperconjugation and mass effects of substituent groups are discussed.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Procedure for the Determination of Vitamin D2 in Multiple-Vitamin Tablets and Raw Materials
Authors: Edlund D O , Anfinsen J R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gas-liquid chromatography has been used to quantitatively determine vitamin D2 in multiple- vitamin tablets and raw materials, using a 3% OV-210 column and a hydrogen flame detector. Sample preparation requires saponification, extraction, and silylation before injection into the gas chromatograph. The multiplevitamin tablet placebo is needed for preparation of the standard solution. The method is rapid, precise, and more accurate than the chemical method used in this laboratory.
Collaborative Study on an Automated Method for K2O in Fertilizers
Authors: Hambleton Larry G 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An automated method for K2O in fertilizers utilizes basic Technicon equipment and the Technicon range expander. The range of 35–55 ppm was expanded to read 20 to 80% T, respectively. Nine laboratories studied the automated method and the official STPB method 2.085 for ten fertilizer samples and a potassium nitrate standard. The study lacked participation from laboratories having AutoAnalyzer equipment. The method is recommended for further study.
Note on Determination of Free Succinic Acid in Eggs by Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Bethea Sammie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Free succinic acid can be determined in eggs by gas-liquid chromatography, using a flame ionization detector, after prior extraction of the acid from the sample by ether. Decomposed or incubator reject eggs all exhibited sample peaks with the same retention time as succinic acid, while undecomposed eggs showed no peaks.
GLC Retention Times of Pesticides and Metabolites Containing Phosphorus and Sulfur on Four Thermally Stable Columns
Authors: Bowman M C , Beroza Morton 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The relative retention times of 138 pesticides and metabolites containing phosphorus and sulfur were determined on packings containing liquid phases OV–101, OV–17, OV–210, and OV–225, using a flame photometric detector. These packings have excellent thermal stability and are likely to find widespread use in pesticide residue analyses, especially for the identification of multicomponent residues in environmental samples or in samples of unknown or indefinite history. Relative retention times were determined isothermally and by temperature programming; the latter procedure was more reproducible and also more useful for analyzing mixtures with widely differing retention times.
Investigation on Determination and Confirmation of Dyrene Added to Plant Extracts: GLC and TLC of Dyrene and Products of Its Reaction in Methanolic Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Wales P J , Mendoza C E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As determined by electron capture GLC, recoveries of Dyrene from strawberries, potatoes, tomatoes, and cucumber samples, using an acetonitrile extraction-hexane partition procedure, were more than 80%. TLC was used for qualitative confirmation. The possible interference in the GLC and TLC analyses from selected pesticides was investigated. Treatment with methanolic sodium hydroxide converted Dyrene to 2 major products with longer GLC retention times and slower TLC migrat i on rates than the parent compound. Dyrene and the products were visualized on thin layer plates by using a silver nitrate spray reagent or by viewing induced fluorescence under UV light. The products were also detected by an enzyme inhibition procedure.
Elimination of Interferences in the Determination of Toxaphene Residues
Authors: Klein A K , Link J D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The presence of DDT interferes in the GLC method for toxaphene. The interference is overcome by treating the sample extract with cold sulfuric-fuming nitric acids (1 + 1). The acid treatment converts DDT to compounds which do not register on the GLC. Toxaphene is scarcely affected and responds in the usual manner. The interference of various other pesticides is also prevented. The acid treatment also aids the toxaphene colorimetric method by destroying sample organic background. Toxaphene levels below 1.0 ppm can now be determined by the colorimetric method. Chlordane is not removed by the acid treatment and interferes in both the GLC and colorimetric toxaphene methods.
Collaborative Study of the Extraction of Plant Sterols from Adulterated Butter Oil Using a Digitonin-impregnated Celite Column
Authors: Lacroix Denis E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid screening method for the analysis of the phytosterol, β-sitosterol, in butter oil adulterated with vegetable oil has been studied collaboratively. The sterols are removed from the adulterated butter oil by passing the sample through a digitonin-impregnated Celite 545 column, eluting the sterols with dimethyl sulfoxide, and analyzing the eluate for β-sitosterol by gas-liquid chromatography using a 3% JXR column. The average coefficient of variation for those samples containing more than 4 mg β-sitosterol/100 g adulterated butter oil is 12.6%. Therefore, β-sitosterol can be used as an index to qualitatively detect vegetable oil adulteration of butter oil.
Regulatory Agency Acceptance of the Interpretation of the Freezing Point Value of Milk as Part of the Official Thermistor Cryoscopic Method
Authors: Henningson R W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A 1968 North American authentic milk sample survey determined that the mean freezing point value of milk is –0.5404°C. Statistical concepts permit the calculation of a value, –0.525°C, 2.326 standard deviations from a mean with 95% confidence that 99% of all subsequent observations will be below the value. Based on this survey, it was recommended that the Interpretation of the freezing point value of milk be made a part of the official final action thermistor cryoscopic method for the determination of the freezing point value of milk, and include the following: an upper limit for the freezing point value of milk, an official definition of an authentic milk sample, and a logical procedure for the confirmation of added water. A copy of the report and an explanatory letter were sent to approximately 100 North American regulatory agencies. Reports were received from 49 regulatory agencies with 39 favoring the recommendations, 6 opposing the recommendations, and 4 having no opinion. It is recommended that the Interpretation of the freezing point of milk be included in both the thermistor cryoscopic and the Hortvet methods.
Rapid Method for Isolation of Pecan Cureulio Larvae from Pecan Pieces
Authors: Gecan John S , Brickey Paris M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid procedure for the isolation of curculio larvae from pecan pieces has been studied collaboratively. The larvae are separated from 115 g portions of nutmeats by notation from isopropanol. The collaborative study showed that the method requires approximately 10 min analytical time/1 lb sample; average recovery of curculio larvae was 99%. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.
Acidic, Mineral Oil Extraction of Light Filth from Bread and Donuts
Authors: Thrasher Joel J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Collaborative results are presented on a new method for the extraction of light filth from bread and donuts. The new method consists of product dispersion by steam bath heating or autoclaving, wet sieving on No. 230 sieve, digestion with HC1, followed by extraction of filth with mineral oil from water. Minimum recovery of spike filth elements was 82%. The new method also proved to be faster than method 36.025 and resulted in cleaner filter papers than 36.026. The proposed method is recommended for adoption as official first action.