bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilizing chromium in stainless steel slags with MnO addition
Authors: Wang Zhanjun , Sohn Il 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the stabilizing impact of MnO on the leaching behavior of hazardous Cr‐containing CaO‐SiO2‐Al2O3‐Cr2O3‐MnO stainless steel slags after equilibrating at various elevated temperatures and evaluates the potential immobilization of Cr into a MnCr2O4 spinel phase from the existing Cr2O3 phase. The MnCr2O4 spinel phase was found to be an excellent Cr‐stabilizer in stainless steel slags, where the leaching tendency of potentially hazardous Cr‐related ions decreased with higher MnO content and lower equilibration temperatures within the range of 0 to 15 mass pct. and 1500 to 1300°C, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations by conducting the phase stability diagram also showed that the MnCr2O4 spinel phase was relatively stable and the Ca3Si2O7 (Ca3‐xMnxSi2O7) phase was relatively unstable compared with other crystal phases in acid extractant with pH value of 3.2. Combined with the scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray powder diffraction results along with the thermodynamic calculations, the leached Cr‐related ions was predominantly originating from the unstable amorphous glass phase.
TNFSF15 facilitates human umbilical cord blood haematopoietic stem cell expansion by activating Notch signal pathway
Authors: Ding Yahui , Gao Shan , Shen Jian , Bai Tairan , Yang Ming , Xu Shiqi , Gao Yingdai , Zhang Zhisong , Li Luyuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe lack of efficient ex vivo expansion methods restricts clinical use of haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for the treatment of haematological malignancies and degenerative diseases. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) serves as an alternative haematopoietic stem cell source. However, currently what limits the use of UCB‐derived HSC is the very low numbers of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells available for transplantation in a single umbilical cord blood unit. Here, we report that TNFSF15, a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily, promotes the expansion of human umbilical cord blood (UCB)‐derived HSC. TNFSF15‐treated UCB‐HSC is capable of bone marrow engraftment as demonstrated with NOD/SCID or NOD/Shi‐SCID/IL2Rgnull (NOG) mice in both primary and secondary transplantation. The frequency of repopulating cells occurring in the injected tibiae is markedly higher than that in vehicle‐treated group. Additionally, signal proteins of the Notch pathway are highly up‐regulated in TNFSF15‐treated UCB‐HSC. These findings indicate that TNFSF15 is useful for in vitro expansion of UCB‐HSC for clinical applications. Furthermore, TNFSF15 may be a hopeful selection for further UCB‐HSC application or study.
Proanthocyanidin B2 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wu Xinbo , Yu Haiyang , Zhou Haichao , Li Zihua , Huang Hui , Xiao Fajiao , Xu Shaochen , Yang Yunfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. The long‐term survival rate of OS patients is stubbornly low mainly due to the chemotherapy resistance. We therefore aimed to investigate the antitumoral effects and underlying mechanisms of proanthocyanidin B2 (PB2) on OS cells in the current study. The effect of PB2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of OS cell lines was assessed by CCK‐8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. The target gene and protein expression levels were measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. A xenograft mouse model was established to assess the effects of PB2 on OS proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. Results from in vitro experiments showed that PB2 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of OS cells, and also increased the expression levels of apoptosis‐related proteins. Moreover, PB2 induced OS cell apoptosis through suppressing the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The in vivo experiments further confirmed that PB2 could inhibit OS tumour growth and induce its apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggested that PB2 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of OS cells through the suppression of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
Doxorubicin cardiomyopathy is ameliorated by acacetin via Sirt1‐mediated activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signal molecules
Authors: Wu Wei‐Yin , Cui Yu‐Kai , Hong Yi‐Xiang , Li Yun‐Da , Wu Yao , Li Gang , Li Gui‐Rong , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDoxorubicin cardiotoxicity is frequently reported in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The present study investigates whether cardiomyopathy induced by doxorubicin can be improved by the natural flavone acacetin in a mouse model and uncovers the potential molecular mechanism using cultured rat cardiomyoblasts. It was found that the cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis induced by doxorubicin were significantly improved by acacetin in mice with impaired Nrf2/HO‐1 and Sirt1/pAMPK molecules, which is reversed by acacetin treatment. Doxorubicin decreased cell viability and increased ROS production in rat cardiomyoblasts; these effects are significantly countered by acacetin (0.3‐3 μM) in a concentration‐dependent manner via activating Sirt1/pAMPK signals and enhancing antioxidation (Nrf2/HO‐1 and SOD1/SOD2) and anti‐apoptosis. These protective effects were abolished in cells with silencing Sirt1. The results demonstrate for the first time that doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is antagonized by acacetin via Sirt1‐mediated activation of AMPK/Nrf2 signal molecules, indicating that acacetin may be a drug candidate used clinically for protecting against doxorubicin cardiomyopathy.
A Atractylodes lancea polysaccharide inhibits metastasis of human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells by blocking sialyl Lewis X (sLex)/E‐selectin binding
Authors: Zhong Kaihua , Fan Shuxin , Yao Shujun , Xu Haibin , Bai Suping 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a new water and alkaline‐soluble polysaccharide (ALP), with an average molecular weight of 6.63 × 104 Da, was successfully purified from the rhizomes of Atractylodes lancea. GC analysis demonstrated that ALP was a kind of glucan. The effect of the ALP on the interaction between E‐selectin and sialyl Lewis X (sLex) was examined in human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells. It was obvious that the expression of sLex antigen on the surface of U‐2 OS cells was visible under fluorescence microscopy. The addition of ALP (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/mL) resulted in a marked inhibition on the adhesion, migration and invasion of U‐2 OS cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was achieved by the decreased sLex expression on U‐2 OS cells. Additionally, the induction of apoptosis can be observed in U‐2 OS cells following ALP treatment using TUNEL staining and Annexin V‐FITC/PI double‐staining analysis on flow cytometry. In conclusion, these results indicated that ALP exerted anti‐metastatic activity towards osteosarcoma cells via inhibition of sLex/E‐selectin binding, which suggested that ALP could be a potent agent for human osteosarcoma intervention.
Editorial Perspective: Prescribing measures: unintended negative consequences of mandating standardized mental health measurement
Authors: Patalay Praveetha , Fried Eiko I. 
Published: September 2020

In July 2020, two of the largest funders of mental health research worldwide – the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the Wellcome Trust – announced plans to standardize mental health measurement. Specifically, obtaining funding for research related to depression and anxiety will be conditional on using four specific measures. While we agree that there are obvious benefits to standardizing mental health measurement, some of which are discussed in the announcement by NIMH and Wellcome, here we focus on potential unintended negative consequences of this initiative:

Lacking transferability across settings: scales were developed for specific settings (e.g. community, clinic) and purposes (e.g. intervention studies), and their properties might not be easily transferable between settings.
Narrowing the scope of inquiry: individuals experience mental health difficulties in wide‐ranging ways, and the narrow scope of the proposed scales risks limiting important insights for research and treatments.
Lowering the threshold for robust evidence: empirical findings limited to a specific imperfect measure are less robust than if such evidence is (re)produced across multiple scales.
Creating a two‐tiered mental health science: arbitrarily conferring gold standard status on some imperfect measures over others will create an artificial two‐tiered system leading to an impoverishment of mental health research.
Recommendations for mitigating these negative consequences include the following: mandating a wider set of measures that have been validated for specific populations and research purposes, funding research assessing the measurement properties of scales across settings and purposes, stressing the limitations of mandated measures to avoid en masse application and replacement of measures across studies and health systems and creating speed bumps to ensure that any widespread adoption of mandated measures does not result in impoverishment of mental health science.
Risk factors for abnormal postpartum glycemic states in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria
Authors: Hung Tai‐Ho , Chuang Ya‐Chun , Chu Fu‐Chieh , Huang Lulu , Shaw Steven W , Hsieh T’sang‐T’ang , Chen Szu‐Fu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the rate of postpartum glycemic screening tests (PGST) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to investigate risk factors for abnormal PGST results.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the obstetric data of 1,648 women with GDM who gave birth after 28 completed weeks of gestation between 1 July 2011 and 31 December 2019 at Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan. GDM was diagnosed by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. PGST was carried out at 6–12 weeks postpartum with a 75‐g, 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test, and the results were classified into normal, prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the associations between various risk factors and abnormal PGST results.ResultsIn total, 493 (29.9%) women underwent PGST and 162 (32.9%) had abnormal results, including 135 (27.4%) with prediabetes and 27 (5.5%) with diabetes mellitus. Significant risk factors for postpartum diabetes mellitus included insulin therapy during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 10.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.07–28.58), birthweight >4,000 g (adjusted OR 10.22, 95% CI 1.74–59.89) and preterm birth <37 weeks’ gestation (adjusted OR 3.33, 95% CI 1.09–10.22); whereas prepregnancy body mass index >24.9 kg/m2 (adjusted OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.24–3.21) was the major risk factor for postpartum prediabetes.ConclusionsLess than one‐third of women with GDM underwent PGST, and nearly one‐third of these women had abnormal results. Future efforts should focus on reducing the barriers to PGST in women with GDM.
Clinical and genetic determinants of urinary glucose excretion in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Monobe Keisuke , Noso Shinsuke , Babaya Naru , Hiromine Yoshihisa , Taketomo Yasunori , Niwano Fumimaru , Yoshida Sawa , Yasutake Sara , Minohara Tatsuro , Kawabata Yumiko , Ikegami Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGlucosuria is a representative symptom in diabetes patients with poor glycemic control and in those treated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Renal threshold levels of glucose excretion are known to vary among individuals, but factors contributing to glucosuria are not well characterized. The present study aimed to clarify clinical and genetic determinants of glucosuria in individuals with diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsThe 24‐h urinary glucose excretion was measured in 135 hospitalized patients on admission, with continuous measurement for five consecutive days in 75 patients. Genetic and clinical factors contributing to glucosuria were studied. As a genetic factor, SLC5A2 polymorphism was genotyped. A total of 476 participants (266 participants with type 2 diabetes and 210 healthy controls) were additionally genotyped for the association study of SLC5A2 with type 2 diabetes. A meta‐analysis was carried out with the present study and previous association studies.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that the independent variables of average blood glucose (β = 0.41, P = 1.4 × 10−7), estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = 0.28, P = 6.0 × 10−5), sex (β = 0.28, P = 5.7 × 10−5) and SLC5A2 rs9934336 polymorphism (β = 0.17, P = 0.02) were significantly correlated with urinary glucose excretion. The frequency of the A allele of rs9934336 tended to be lower in participants with type 2 diabetes than in controls (odds ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.53–1.13, not significant), and meta‐analysis showed a significant association between the A allele and type 2 diabetes (summary odds ratio for minor allele [A] 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.78–0.94, P < 0.002).ConclusionsBlood glucose, estimated glomerular filtration rate, sex and SLC5A2 polymorphism were independent determinants of glucosuria in diabetes mellitus.
How to contextualize training on guideline‐uptake for your setting
Authors: Stander Jessica , Grimmer Karen , Brink Yolandi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOne knowledge translation method, of putting evidence into practice, is the use of clinical practice guidelines (CPG). The purpose of this brief report is to describe an 8‐step process of “how to” contextualize a training programme to increase CPG‐uptake for a targeted audience in a clearly defined setting. This process may assist implementation practitioners to fast‐track the development of contextualized training to improve CPG‐uptake.
Presence of pregnant females of the Gorgona guitarfish, Pseudobatos prahli, in the Mexican tropical Pacific
Authors: Díaz‐Carballido Pedro Luis , Gutiérrez‐Coria Adair Adolfo , Carrasco‐Bautista Perla Elizabeth , Ramírez‐Chávez Eduardo Juventino , Torres‐Huerta Ana María 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFive specimens (four females and one male) of the Gorgona guitarfish, Pseudobatos prahli, were sighted during two dives carried out off the western Gulf of Tehuantepec. This document describes the reproductive condition of three adult females captured, two of which had uterine eggs, whereas one had embryos. The sighting and capture of specimens occurred during two Tehuano wind events; the authors, therefore, believe that variations in temperature and dissolved oxygen could have affected P. prahli, leading it to carry out temporal migrations towards coastal shallow waters.
Evidence of artificial habitat use by a recovering marine predator in southern California
Authors: Burns Echelle S. , Clevenstine Alyssa J. , Logan Ryan K. , Lowe Christopher G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe giant sea bassStereolepis gigasAyres 1859 (GSB) is a critically endangered top marine predator in California. Since protection in 1982 and 1994, the population has appeared to increase, and individuals within a growing population may expand their ranges to new habitats to reduce intraspecific competition and increase foraging opportunities. In 2016–2018, two GSB tagged with acoustic transmitters were detected at artificial reefs for periods of up to 3 months during October–March, and one individual travelled 53 km from an offshore island to mainland California in 56 h. Artificial reefs may provide important foraging opportunities for these protected marine predators as they recover from exploitation.
Lethal concentration of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil for Dolops discoidalis and Argulus sp. (Crustacea: Argulidae)
Authors: Pereira Elcimara Cardoso , Oliveira Elzamara Castro , Sousa Elen Monique Oliveira , Silva Hugo Napoleão Pereira , Corrêa Lincoln Lima , Mourão Rosa Helena Veras , Tavares‐Dias Marcos , Silva Lenise Vargas Flores 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the acute toxicity (LC50‐24 hr) effects of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus for adult Argulus sp. and Dolops discoidalis, before and during oviposition. In vitro acute toxicity (LC50‐24 hr) was tested using 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 μg/L of C. citratus essential oil, and two control groups (one with cultivation tank water and one with cultivation tank water + alcohol) were used. Specimens of Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis submitted to acute toxicity were evaluated using histological procedures. The major chemical compounds of C. citratus essential oil were geranial (47.5%), neral (35.6%) and myrcene (6.7%). The LC50‐24 hr for Argulus sp. adults was 67.97 μg/L, while for D. discoidalis it was 59.55 µg/L. In the oviposition of both species of argulids, maximum mortality began with treatments of 140 μg/L, while the LC50‐24 hr for Argulus sp. and D. discoidalis was 83.98 μg/L and 82.48 μg/L, respectively. In both argulid species exposed to C. citratus essential oil, morphological alterations were observed only in the eyes, and they occurred in the ommatidium and rhabdomeres and were dependent on the concentration of C. citratus essential oil and the parasite species.
Comparative performance analysis of enzyme inactivation of soy milk by using RSM and ANN
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Rao P. Srinivasa , Rana Sandeep Singh , Ghosh Payel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe presence of antinutritional factors as trypsin inhibitors (TIA) and lipoxygenase (LOX) in soy milk produces indigestion and off‐flavor due to oxidation of linoleic acid to hyperoxide. The objective of the study was to determine the prediction capacity of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) for enzyme inactivation of soy milk. The microwave and thermo‐sonication method were used to prepare and treat the sample. Statistical parameters like NRMSE and %MAE were used to compare and evaluate the final result. NRMSE value had shown five times better results in the case of ANN (0.015) compared to RSM (0.082). Similarly, the % MAE value was also fivefold better in the case of ANN. In the case of RSM, Chi‐square values for TIA and LOX were 317.32 and 146.73, respectively. Whereas for ANN, the value was 4.68 and 2.69, respectively. So, it can be concluded that the prediction capacity of ANN is better than RSM.Practical ApplicationsThis modeling has a tremendous potential contributing to prediction of enzymes inactivation without real‐time experiments with great accuracy. Moreover, a number of industries are producing soy milk nowadays, and it could be helpful in elimination of beany flavor with desirable inactivation of lipoxygenase and enhancing the digestibility by removing trypsin inhibitors with appropriate environmental conditions. In addition, it can also pave the way for a number of food processing technology in which enzymatic inactivation is prominent and the prediction of percentage inactivation is crucial. This technique could be applied to predict the yield of any process after maintaining a certain treatment and process condition. Process engineering of any industry and biochemical processes are very sensitive to small changes in parameters and their effects could be predicted by using the modern approach of artificial neural network with more preciseness without running the actual experiments.
Influence of pulsed vacuum drying on drying kinetics and nutritional value of corn kernels
Authors: Wang Jie , Dai Jian‐Wu , Yang Sheng‐Lin , Wen Meng‐Da , Fu Qi‐Qi , Huang Huan , Qin Wen , Li Ying‐Lu , Liu Yao‐Wen , Yin Peng‐Fei , Zhang Qing , Xu Li‐Jia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEffects of different drying temperature (45, 50, 55, 60, and 65°C), vacuum duration time (VDT; 7, 11, 15, and 19 min) and pulsating cyclic time (PCT; 7:2, 11:3, 15:4 and 19:5 min min−1) on the drying characteristics and quality of corn kernels were investigated. Reduce the PCT could enhance the whole drying process. Weibull distribution function has high fitting precision for describing the pulsed vacuum drying (PVD) kinetics of corn kernels (R2>.99). The Ea value under PVD was calculated as 36.9 kJmol−1. Meanwhile, the main nutritional components of corn showed declining trend with the increase of temperature and PCT, while it oscillated with the prolonged VDT. The total score decreased with the heightening of drying temperature and fluctuated with the extension of VDT and PCT parameters. Considering the total drying time and quality comprehensive score of corn, the optimal drying parameters was confirmed at 50°C with the pulsing ratio of 7:2 min min−1.Practical ApplicationsCorn is treated as an important crop because of its various nutritional ingredients and has been commonly cultivated all over the world. Due to its water‐rich characteristics, fresh maize kernels would subject to various deterioration reactions during storage and hence reduce the content of nutrients. However, the samples have high compactness and tough epidermal structure, which limited the water diffusion efficiency during processing. Pulsed vacuum drying technique has been widely applied to agricultural products drying in China benefiting from its high heating efficiency. Currently this technology is successfully used in lemon, wolfberry, Chinese ginger, and seedless grape. This study will help in revealing the impact of PVD parameters on drying characteristics and quality of maize kernels, which is of great significance to optimize the processing efficiency through the alternative pressure circulation and consumer acceptance of dried products.
Race, APOL1 Risk Variants, and Clinical Outcomes among Older Adults: The ARIC Study
Authors: Chen Teresa K. , Coresh Josef , Daya Natalie , Ballew Shoshana H. , Tin Adrienne , Crews Deidra C. , Grams Morgan E. 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAPOL1 high‐risk genotypes confer an increased risk for kidney disease, but their clinical significance among older adults remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether APOL1 genotype status (high risk = 2 risk alleles; low risk = 0–1 risk alleles) and self‐reported race (Black; White) are associated with number of hospitalizations, incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), and mortality among older adults participating in a community‐based cohort study.DESIGNObservational longitudinal cohort study.SETTINGThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling older adults (mean age = 75.8 years; range = 66–90 years).RESULTSAmong 5,564 ARIC participants (78.2% White, 19.1% APOL1 low‐risk Black, and 2.7% APOL1 high‐risk Black), the proportion with creatinine and cystatin C–based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRCrCys) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline was 40.6%, 34.8%, and 43.2%, respectively. Over a mean follow‐up of 5.1 years, APOL1 high‐risk Blacks had a 2.67‐fold higher risk for ESRD compared with low‐risk Blacks (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–6.79) in models adjusted for age and sex. This association was no longer significant upon further adjustment for baseline eGFRCrCys and albuminuria (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08; 95% CI = .39–2.96). Rate of hospitalizations and risks of mortality and incident CKD did not differ significantly by APOL1 genotype status. Compared with Whites, Blacks had 1.85‐fold and 3.45‐fold higher risks for incident CKD and ESRD, respectively, in models adjusted for age, sex, eGFRCrCys, and albuminuria. These associations persisted after additional adjustments for clinical/socioeconomic factors and APOL1 genotype (incident CKD: HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.06–1.81; ESRD: HR = 3.20; 95% CI = 1.16–8.86).CONCLUSIONAmong older Black adults, APOL1 high‐risk genotypes were associated with lower kidney function and therefore higher risk of ESRD. Racial disparities in incident kidney disease persisted in older age and were not fully explained by APOL1.