bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care resource utilization and treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in the United States
Authors: Adil Syed M , Hodges Sarah E , Edwards Ryan M , Charalambous Lefko T , Yang Zidanyue , Kiyani Musa , Musick Alexis , Parente Beth A , Lee Hui-Jie , Peters Katherine B , Fecci Peter E , Lad Shivanand P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The economic burden of cancer in the United States is substantial, and better understanding it is essential in informing health care policy and innovation. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) represents a late complication of primary cancer spreading to the leptomeninges.

Methods
The IBM MarketScan Research databases were queried for adults diagnosed with LC from 2001 to 2015, secondary to 4 primary cancers (breast, lung, gastrointestinal, and melanoma). Health care resource utilization (HCRU) and treatment utilization were quantified at baseline (1-year pre-LC diagnosis) and 30, 90, and 365 days post-LC diagnosis.

Results
We identified 4961 cases of LC (46.3% breast cancer, 34.8% lung cancer, 13.5% gastrointestinal cancer, and 5.4% melanoma). The median age was 57.0 years, with 69.7% female and 31.1% residing in the South. Insurance status included commercial (71.1%), Medicare (19.8%), and Medicaid (9.1%). Median follow-up was 66.0 days (25th percentile: 24.0, 75th percentile: 186.0) and total cumulative costs were highest for the gastrointestinal subgroup ($167 768) and lowest for the lung cancer subgroup ($145 244). There was considerable variation in the 89.6% of patients who used adjunctive treatments at 1 year, including chemotherapy (64.3%), radiotherapy (57.6%), therapeutic lumbar puncture (31.5%), and Ommaya reservoir (14.5%). The main cost drivers at 1 year were chemotherapy ($62 026), radiation therapy ($37 076), and specialty drugs ($29 330). The prevalence of neurologic impairments was 46.9%, including radiculopathy (15.0%), paresthesia (12.3%), seizure episode/convulsive disorder not otherwise specified (11.0%), and ataxia (8.0%).

Conclusions
LC is a devastating condition with an overall poor prognosis. We present the largest study of LC in this real-world study, including current treatments, with an emphasis on HCRU. There is considerable variation in the treatment of LC and significant health care costs.
Peer review audit of non-specialist occupational physician reports
Authors: Lalloo D , Gallagher J , Macdonald E B , McDonnell C , Vargas-Prada Figueroa S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
With declining specialist occupational physician (OP) numbers, there is increasing recognition of the importance of non-specialist physicians in occupational health (OH) service delivery, yet to date, this physician group remains understudied and their competency requirements poorly understood.

Aims
To evaluate the quality of a sample of non-specialist OH reports and compare these with specialist reports.

Methods
A retrospective peer review audit of a convenience sample of 200 consecutive non-specialist and specialist OH reports from an Irish OH service using an assessment form based on the modified Sheffield Assessment Instrument for Letters SAIL(OH)1.

Results
Of the 200 peer reviewed OH reports, 159 (80%) were from non-specialists. For all questions, 87% and above of non-specialist reports were ‘satisfactory’ or ‘above expected’. On the overall assessment, out of 10, the mean non-specialist report score was 6.8 (standard deviation (SD) 3–10) and the specialist score was 7.3 (SD 3–10). Comparatively, non-specialist reports highlighted legal/ethical issues marginally more and adhered slightly better to contractual/ethical/legal boundaries, while specialist reports fared better in addressing manager’s questions, in their structure and clarity and in covering all significant aspects of the case, particularly if the case was complex.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate a high standard of OH report quality in this sample of non-specialist OPs that is consistent across all key OH report components. Potential development areas are also identified that can inform education/training tailored to this physician group and assist in competency standard-setting.
Invasive Fungal Infections at Presentation of Untreated Hematologic Malignancies: Rare and Elusive
Authors: Spallone Amy , Hicklen Rachel S , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a feared complication of hematologic malignancy (HM) treatment. Infrequently, the diagnosis of a new IFI contemporaneously with a new untreated HM has been sporadically described in case reports. We performed a comprehensive search of published literature and reviewed cases describing this synchronous disease phenomenon.
Supersoft X-ray phases of recurrent novae as an indicator of their white dwarf masses
Authors: Kato Mariko , Hachisu Izumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We have examined the optical/X-ray light curves of seven well-observed recurrent novae, V745 Sco, M31N 2008-12a, LMC N 1968, U Sco, RS Oph, LMC N 2009a, T Pyx, and one recurrent nova candidate LMC N 2012a. Six novae out of the eight show a simple relation that the duration of supersoft X-ray source (SSS) phase is 0.70 times the total duration of the outburst (= X-ray turnoff time), i.e., tSSS = 0.70 toff, the total duration of which ranges from 10 to 260 d. These six recurrent novae show a broad rectangular X-ray light curve shape, the first half-period of which is highly variable in the X-ray count rate. The SSS phase also corresponds to an optical plateau phase that indicates a large accretion disk irradiated by a hydrogen-burning white dwarf (WD). The two other recurrent novae, T Pyx and V745 Sco, show a narrow triangular-shaped X-ray light curve without an optical plateau phase. Their relations between tSSS and toff are rather different from the above six recurrent novae. We also present theoretical SSS durations for recurrent novae with various WD masses and stellar metallicities (Z = 0.004, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05) and compare them with the observed durations of these recurrent novae. We show that SSS duration is a good indicator of WD mass in recurrent novae with a broad rectangular X-ray light curve shape.
Requirements of Qa-SNARE LjSYP132s for Nodulation and Seed Development in Lotus japonicus
Authors: Sogawa Aoi , Takahashi Issei , Kyo Masaharu , Imaizumi-Anraku Haruko , Tajima Shigeyuki , Nomura Mika 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSNAREs (soluble N-ethyl maleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) mediate membrane fusion of vesicle transport in eukaryotic cells. LjSYP132s are the members of Qa-SNAREs in Lotus japonicus. Two isoforms, LjSYP132a and LjSYP132b, are generated by alternative splicing. Immunoblot analysis detected strong expression of LjSYP132s in infected root nodules and seeds by posttranscriptional modification. In either LjSYP132a or LjSYP132b silenced roots (RNAi-LjSYP132a, RNAi-LjSYP132b), the infection thread (IT) was not elongated, suggesting that both LjSYP132a and LjSYP132b have a role in IT progression. The results were consistent with the data of qRT-PCR showing that both genes were expressed at the early stage of infection. However, during the nodulation, only LjSYP132a was induced. LjSYP132s protein was observed in the Mesorhizobium loti-inoculated roots of mutants, nfr1, castor and pollux, suggesting that LjSYP132s can be induced without Nod factor signaling. Accumulation of LjSYP132s in the peribacteroid membrane suggests the function of not only IT formation but also nutrient transport. In contrast, qRT-PCR showed that LjSYP132b was expressed in the seeds. A stable transgenic plant of LjSYP132b, R132b, was produced by RNAi silencing. In the R132b plants, small pods with a few seeds and abnormal tip growth of the pollen tubes were observed, suggesting that LjSYP132b has a role in pollen tube growth and nutrient transport in the plasma membrane of seeds.
Using Cognitive Mapping to Study the Relationship between News Exposure and Cognitive Complexity
Authors: Boukes Mark , A.W.J. van Esch Femke , A. Snellens Jeroen , C. Steenman Sebastiaan , Vliegenthart Rens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCognitive complexity is a concept that allows scholars to distinguish unidimensional thinking from multidimensional thinking, which allows citizens to identify and integrate various perspectives of a topic. Especially in times of fake news, fact-free politics, and affective polarization, the news media would ideally foster such complex political understanding. The current paper introduces the method of cognitive mapping to measure cognitive complexity regarding citizens’ understanding of the financial crisis, one of the most pressing political issues of the past decades. Linking content-analytic data to panel-survey data, we examine how exposure to news about the crisis relates to cognitive complexity. A wide variety of news sources (print, television, and online) were analyzed to take the high-choice media environment into account. Results show that news consumption generally is related to a less cognitively complex understanding of the financial crisis. However, actual exposure to news about the crisis (combined measurement of content analysis and survey data) is positively related to cognitive complexity, particularly among less-educated citizens. In addition, the most prominent topics in news coverage were more frequently associated with the financial crisis, as reflected in the cognitive maps of less-educated citizens exposed to more crisis news. These findings demonstrate the potential of news media to increase citizens’ complexity of understanding, especially among the less educated.
An Application of Wall-Crossing to Noether–Lefschetz Loci
Authors: Feyzbakhsh S , Thomas R P , Voisin C 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsider a smooth projective 3-fold $X$ satisfying the Bogomolov–Gieseker conjecture of Bayer–Macrì–Toda (such as ${\mathbb{P}}^3$, the quintic 3-fold or an abelian 3-fold). Let $L$ be a line bundle supported on a very positive surface in $X$. If $c_1(L)$ is a primitive cohomology class, then we show it has very negative square.
Circulating adiponectin levels and systemic lupus erythematosus: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Dan Yi-Lin , Wang Peng , Cheng Zhongle , Wu Qian , Wang Xue-Rong , Wang De-Guang , Pan Hai-Feng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Several studies have reported increased serum/plasma adiponectin levels in SLE patients. This study was performed to estimate the causal effects of circulating adiponectin levels on SLE.

Methods
We selected nine independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were associated with circulating adiponectin levels (P &lt; 5 × 10−8) as instrumental variables from a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. The corresponding effects between instrumental variables and outcome (SLE) were obtained from an SLE GWAS analysis, including 7219 cases with 15 991 controls of European ancestry. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses with inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger regression, weighted median and weight mode methods were used to evaluate the causal effects.

Results
The results of inverse-variance weighted methods showed no significantly causal associations of genetically predicted circulating adiponectin levels and the risk for SLE, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI 0.91, 1.35; P = 0.130). MR-Egger [OR 1.62 (95% CI 0.85, 1.54), P = 0.195], weighted median [OR 1.37 (95% CI 0.82, 1.35), P = 0.235) and weighted mode methods [OR 1.39 (95% CI 0.86, 1.38), P = 0.219] also supported no significant associations of circulating adiponectin levels and the risk for SLE. Furthermore, MR analyses in using SLE-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms as an instrumental variable showed no associations of genetically predicted risk of SLE with circulating adiponectin levels.

Conclusion
Our study did not find evidence for a causal relationship between circulating adiponectin levels and the risk of SLE or of a causal effect of SLE on circulating adiponectin levels.
The sound of silence: an EEG study of how musicians time pauses in individual and joint music performance
Authors: Zamm Anna , Debener Stefan , Konvalinka Ivana , Sebanz Natalie , Knoblich Günther 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPauses are an integral feature of social interaction. Conversation partners often pause between conversational turns, and musical co-performers often pause between musical phrases. How do humans coordinate the duration of pauses to ensure seamless interaction? A total of 40 trained pianists performed a simple melody containing fermatas (notated expressive pauses of unspecified duration) first alone (Solo) and then with a partner (Duet) while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. As predicted, Duet partners’ tone onset synchrony was reduced for tones following pauses. Pauses were shorter in Duet relative to Solo performance, and synchrony of partners’ Duet tone onsets was enhanced for tones following shorter pauses. EEG analysis revealed classic signatures of action preparation during pauses, namely decreases in the power of cortical beta oscillations (13–30 Hz, event-related desynchronization ERD). Beta ERD did not differ between pauses in Solo and Duet performance, but was enhanced for shorter relative to longer pauses, suggesting that reduced pause durations in Duet performance facilitated a neural state of enhanced action readiness. Together these findings provide novel insight into behavioural strategies by which musical partners resolve coordination challenges posed by expressive silence, and capture a clear neural signature of action planning during time-varying silences in natural music performance.
Sex differences in the human reward system: convergent behavioral, autonomic and neural evidence
Authors: Warthen Katherine G , Boyse-Peacor Alita , Jones Keith G , Sanford Benjamin , Love Tiffany M , Mickey Brian J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that females and males differ in reward behaviors and their underlying neural circuitry. Whether human sex differences extend across neural and behavioral levels for both rewards and punishments remains unclear. We studied a community sample of 221 young women and men who performed a monetary incentive task known to engage the mesoaccumbal pathway and salience network. Both stimulus salience (behavioral relevance) and valence (win vs loss) varied during the task. In response to high- vs low-salience stimuli presented during the monetary incentive task, men showed greater subjective arousal ratings, behavioral accuracy and skin conductance responses (P &lt; 0.006, Hedges’ effect size g = 0.38 to 0.46). In a subsample studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (n = 44), men exhibited greater responsiveness to stimulus salience in the nucleus accumbens, midbrain, anterior insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (P &lt; 0.02, g = 0.86 to 1.7). Behavioral, autonomic and neural sensitivity to the valence of stimuli did not differ by sex, indicating that responses to rewards vs punishments were similar in women and men. These results reveal novel and robust sex differences in reward- and punishment-related traits, behavior, autonomic activity and neural responses. These convergent results suggest a neurobehavioral basis for sexual dimorphism observed in the reward system, including reward-related disorders.
Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny ofMyxophyllum steenstrupi(Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of terrestrial pulmonates
Authors: Zhang Tengyue , Vďačný Peter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMyxophyllum steenstrupi is a symbiotic ciliate living in the body slime and mantle cavity of terrestrial pulmonates (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). In the present study, M. steenstrupi was re-discovered after almost 30 years and characterized using an integrative morpho-molecular approach for the first time. Myxophyllum is distinguished by a broadly ovate, about 140 × 115 μm-sized body, a nuclear apparatus typically composed of seven macronuclear nodules and a single micronucleus, a central contractile vacuole, a shallow oral cavity situated in the posterior body region and dense somatic ciliature with extensive thigmotactic field. According to the present phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial and five nuclear markers, M. steenstrupi is classified in the predominantly free-living order Pleuronematida (Oligohymenophorea: Scuticociliatia). This order also encompasses other taxa isolated from molluscs and traditionally classified along with Myxophyllum in the order Thigmotrichida. The proper classifications of Myxophyllum was hampered by the dramatic remodelling of its oral apparatus (reduction of the paroral membrane and adoral organelles, formation of vestibular kineties), a transformation that was likely induced by its firm association with terrestrial gastropods. The present study also documents that various ciliate lineages independently became commensals or parasites of various aquatic and terrestrial molluscs.
ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema causing small bowel obstruction
Authors: Melendez Megan , Grosel John M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Mucosal angioedema of the face, lips, tongue, and throat is a well-recognized adverse reaction to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors that is experienced by a minority of patients. Rarely, this angioedema can involve the small bowel, and patients commonly present with abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction. Due to the increasing number of patients being treated for hypertension, clinicians should consider the diagnosis of small bowel angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitor use in all patients with this presentation who are using this class of medications.
The novel therapeutic potential of bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells (BALMET) and oleic acid in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
Authors: Sinevici Nicoleta , Harte Níal , O’Grady Isabel , Xie Yongjing , Min Soyoung , Mok Ken Hun , O’Sullivan Jeff 
Published: July 2020

Background
Since the serendipitous discovery of bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells (BAMLET)/human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells there has been an increased interest in the ability of the two components, oleic acid and α-lactalbumin, to form anti-cancer complexes. Here we have investigated the in-vitro efficacy of the BAMLET complex in killing oral cancer (OC) cells, determined the active component of the complex and investigated possible biological mechanisms.

Materials and methods
Two OC cell lines (±p53 mutation) and one dysplastic cell line were used as a model of progressive oral carcinogenesis. We performed cell viability assays with increasing BAMLET concentrations to determine the cytotoxic potential of the complex. We further analysed the individual components to determine their respective cytotoxicities. siRNA knockdown of p53 was used to determine its functional role in mediating sensitivity to BAMLET. Cell death mechanisms were investigated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy and the lactate dehydrogenase assay.

Results
Our results show that BAMLET is cytotoxic to the OC and dysplastic cell lines in a time and dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxic component was found to be oleic acid, which, can induce cytotoxicity even when not in complex. Our results indicate that the mechanism of cytotoxicity occurs through multiple simultaneous events including cell cycle arrest, autophagy like processes with a minor involvement of necrosis.

Conclusion
Deciphering the mechanism of cytotoxicity will aid treatment modalities for OC. This study highlights the potential of BAMLET as a novel therapeutic strategy in oral dysplastic and cancerous cells.
Psychiatric Disturbance or Parkinsonism as a Presentation of CNS Lymphoma: Observational Retrospective Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Sharma Akanksha , Dube Sophia , Mountjoy Luke , Ertz-Archambault Natalie , Porter Alyx , Mrugala Maciej M. 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
To evaluate the incidence of and characterize the presentation of neuropsychiatric symptoms and/or Parkinsonism as a presentation of central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) in either its primary CNSL form or when it spreads to the brain in systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (secondary CNSL).

Patients and Methods:
With Institutional Review Board approval we identified patients who had been treated at Mayo Clinic from 1998 to 2018 and were recorded to have a combination of ICD 9/10 codes for CNSL and various psychiatric diagnoses.

Results:
A total of 20 of the 232 patients (9%) were noted to have neuropsychiatric symptoms preceding diagnosis. The average age at diagnosis was 62, with even split for sex. The majority (85%) of patients had primary CNSL. The average duration of symptoms before the diagnosis was 4.8 months. Confusion (80%), depression (40%), apathy (30%), anxiety (30%), and agitation (30%) were the most common symptoms identified. The majority (65%) of patients had subcortical lesions followed by the frontal lobe (50%). Parkinsonism was identified in 5 of the 20 patients with 4 demonstrating resolution of symptoms with treatment of the lymphoma.

Conclusions:
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are a rare but notable symptom before the presentation of CNSL. There is an increasing awareness of neurological illness presenting as pure psychiatric disturbance, prompting the need to exclude organic and treatable diseases, particularly in elderly patients. Acknowledgment and diagnosis are important for an appropriate management as there is a significant impact on patient and caregiver quality of life.
Prevalence and determinants of blood pressure variability in pygmies of Southern region Cameroon
Authors: Bika Lele Elysée C. , Hermans Michel P. , Bovet Pascal , van de Borne Philippe , Donnen Philippe , Leeman Marc , Degaute Jean-Paul , M’Buyamba-Kabangu Jean-René , Hako Yves , Ndongo Amougou Sylvie , Doumbe Jacques N. , Mbango Edisari , Lemogoum Daniel 
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
The impact of urbanization and living conditions on the prevalence of hypertension in the Cameroonian population is poorly known.

Aim:
To evaluate the prevalence and determinants of blood pressure (BP) in adult Pygmies and Bantus living in urban and rural areas of Southern Cameroon.

Participants and methods:
This was a cross-sectional comparative study of 406 adults (96 urban Bantus, 100 urban Pygmies, 111 rural Bantus and 99 tropical rainforest Pygmies with a traditional Pygmies way of life), recruited in Southern Cameroon (mean age 42 ± 17 years; 56.7% women). Sociodemographic, anthropometric and BP parameters were collected. Hypertension was defined as BP at least 140/90 mmHg and/or use of BP-lowering drug(s).

Results:
The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension in urban Bantus, rural Bantus, urban Pygmies and traditional Pygmies was 18.0, 13.5, 9.3 and 4.1%, respectively. Mean SBP and DBP differed significantly according to Bantu vs. Pygmy ethnicity, and urban vs. rural residency. After multiple adjustments, mean arterial pressure was significantly associated with age, BMI, Bantu ancestry and urban residency.

Conclusion:
Bantu ethnicity and urban residency are significantly associated with high-BP among people from Southern Cameroon.