bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A profile shape correction to reduce the vertical sensitivity of cosmic‐ray neutron sensing of soil moisture
Authors: Scheiffele Lena M. , Baroni Gabriele , Franz Trenton E. , Jakobi Jannis , Oswald Sascha E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, cosmic‐ray neutron sensing (CRNS) has shown a large potential among proximal sensing techniques to monitor soil moisture noninvasively, with high frequency and a large support volume (radius up to 240 m and sensing depth up to 80 cm). This signal is, however, more sensitive to closer distances and shallower depths. Inherently, CRNS‐derived soil moisture is a spatially weighted value, different from an average soil moisture as retrieved by a sensor network. In this study, we systematically test a new profile shape correction on CRNS‐derived soil moisture, based on additional soil moisture profile measurements and vertical unweighting, which is especially relevant during pronounced wetting or drying fronts. The analyses are conducted with data collected at four contrasting field sites, each equipped with a CRNS probe and a distributed soil moisture sensor network. After applying the profile shape correction on CRNS‐derived soil moisture, it is compared with the sensor network average. Results show that the influence of the vertical sensitivity of CRNS on integral soil moisture values is successfully reduced. One to three properly located profile measurements within the CRNS support volume improve the performance. For the four investigated field sites, the RMSE decreased 11–53% when only one profile location was considered. We therefore recommend to install along with a CRNS at least one soil moisture profile in a radial distance <100 m and a measurement depth down to 50 cm. Profile‐shape‐corrected, CRNS‐derived soil moisture is an unweighted integral soil moisture over the support volume, which is easier to interpret and easier to use for further applications.
Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Lee Hyung‐Sool , Liao Baoqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have become a new mature technology and entered into the wastewater market, but there are several challenges to be addressed for wide applications. In this review, we discuss challenges and potentials of AnMBRs focusing on wastewater treatment. Nitrogen and dissolved methane control, membrane fouling and its control, and membrane associated cost including energy consumption are main bottlenecks to facilitating AnMBR application in wastewater treatment. Accumulation of dissolved methane in AnMBR permeate decreases the benefit of methane energy and contributes to methane gas emissions to atmosphere. Separate control units for nitrogen and dissolved methane add system complexity and increase capital and operating and maintenance (O & M) costs in AnMBR‐centered wastewater treatment. Alternatively, methane‐based denitrification can be an ideal nitrogen control process due to simultaneous removal of nitrogen and dissolved methane. Membrane fouling and energy associated with membrane fouling control are major limitations, in addition to membrane cost. More efforts are required to decrease capital and O & M costs associated with the control of dissolved methane nitrogen and membrane fouling to facilitate AnMBRs for wastewater treatment.Practitioner points

AnMBRs can accelerate anaerobic wastewater treatment including dilute wastewater.
Nitrogen and dissolved methane control is detrimental for AnMBR application to wastewater treatment.
Membrane biofilm reactors using gas‐permeable membranes are suitable for simultaneous nitrogen and dissolved methane control.
High capital and O & M costs from membranes are a major bottleneck to wide application of AnMBRs.
Dynamic membranes could be an option to reduce capital and O & M costs for AnMBRs.
Introduction: Real World Learning—Recalibrating the Higher Education Response Towards Application to Lifelong Learning and Diverse Career Paths
Authors: Morley Dawn A. , Jamil Md Golam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMorley and Jamil critique the changing higher education landscape where metrics, marketisation and challenging employment prospects for graduates put into question traditional modes of higher education ethos and delivery. Theorists identify alternative approaches where learning is focused on greater authenticity, personalisation and longitudinal development.The chapter introduces the emerging concept of ‘real world learning’, which is under-researched within higher education yet shows early potential to address some of the disjunctions between students’ learning and the world of work. An introduction is made to the chapters within the book that follow, written with the intention to illuminate what is real world learning and how it can be applied to curriculum design and pedagogy.
Learning Enterprise and Entrepreneurship Through Real Business Projects
Authors: Hatt Lucy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnterprise and entrepreneurship are widely regarded as important for economic, social and political change, and higher education (HE) institutions are seen as appropriate places to develop entrepreneurial competencies. This chapter describes an experiential, real world approach to entrepreneurship education in HE known as ‘Team Academy’ and suggests a complementary conceptual grounding to the accepted curriculum using candidate entrepreneurship threshold concepts and pedagogical approaches identified from doctoral research. Four case studies taken from the two oldest and largest UK Team Academy programmes illustrate the approach and highlight the way in which an understanding of a selection of candidate entrepreneurship threshold concepts have been successfully developed in the students.
Using Educational Technology to Support Students’ Real World Learning
Authors: Bolton Edward , Emery Roger 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor future employability and professional practices, students “require a wider skill set that will enable them to thrive in an increasingly digital world” (JISC.Effective practice with e-portfolios. Bristol: University of Bristol. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/jiscinfonet/docs/jisc_effective_practice_with_e-portfolios_2008 (2008), p. 5). In this regard, educators need to facilitate authentic digital learning experiences for students. This chapter explores technologies that augment students’ experience, development and readiness for employability. This chapter looks at how educational technology is used to simulate the workplace by capturing and reflecting on actions in real world situations, while recognising that using technology of the workplace can facilitate learning outcomes.Three case studies look at the use of social media, developing reflective e-portfolios and recording simulations to support reflective learning.
Fallübergreifende Analysen der habituellen Dispositionen von Lehrkräften zur Unterstützung sozial benachteiligter Schüler*innen sowie milieuspezifische Einbettung der handlungsleitenden Orientierungen
Authors: Rutter Sabrina 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Kapitel sollen zunächst in Anlehnung an eine sinngenetische Interpretation die Ergebnisse aus den Einzelfallanalysen zusammengeführt und miteinander verglichen werden. Tertium comparationis sind hierbei die sechs modifizierten Analysedimensionen. Anschließend werden im Sinne einer soziogenetischen Interpretation die milieuspezifischen Erfahrungshintergründe der interviewten Lehrkräfte analysiert.
Digitale Souveränität als Trend?
Authors: Pentenrieder Annelie , Bertini Anastasia , Künzel Matthias 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Digitale Technologien und ihre Auswirkungen auf Arbeitsverhältnisse beschäftigen aktuell viele Branchen. Fachkräfte ebenso wie Manager können jedoch schwer einschätzen, was für sie und ihr Unternehmen – insbesondere für kleinere Unternehmen – nötig ist, um inmitten der Digitalisierung weiterhin souverän zu agieren. Digitale Souveränität bedeutet in diesem Kontext, den Überblick über neue technische Möglichkeiten zu behalten, um informiert entscheiden und zwischen alternativen digitalen Angeboten das Passende für das eigene Unternehmen auswählen zu können. Im Fokus des Beitrags stehen KMU im Werkzeugmaschinenbau, denn gerade dieser Industriezweig steht seit vielen Jahrzehnten für das Gestaltungsprinzip der Souveränität von Menschen im Umgang mit Maschinen ein. Hochqualifiziertes Fachpersonal wird in diesem Bereich stetig an hochtechnisierten Maschinen aus- und weitergebildet. Dieser Umstand führt dazu, dass im Werkzeugmaschinenbau Hightech mit hoher Flexibilität angeboten werden kann. Auf der Grundlage von Literaturrecherchen und Experteninterviews aus den Bereichen Produktionstechnik, Arbeitswissenschaften und Geschäftsmodellentwicklung wurden Themen und Trends identifiziert, die mit der Frage nach digitaler Souveränität im Zusammenhang stehen: rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen, Datenschutz, digitaler Kompetenzaufbau und -entwicklung, Datenspeicherkonzept, globaler Wettbewerb, Unternehmensgröße und damit verbundene Handlungsspielräume, Unternehmenskollaborationen, Austausch von Informationen zwischen den Unternehmen, Individualisierung von KI-basierten Technologien. Es zeigt sich, dass „digitale Souveränität” ein zukünftiges Gestaltungsprinzip digitaler Systeme werden könnte, das gerade für KMU im Werkzeugmaschinenbau innovationsfördernde Auswirkungen haben kann.
Corpse removal increases when honey bee colonies experience high Varroa destructor infestation
Authors: van Langevelde F. , Kiggen F. , van Dooremalen C. , Cornelissen B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh parasite load may increase honey bee mortality, which enhances stimuli for undertaker recruitment in colonies due to the presence of more corpses. However, it is unknown whether colonies exposed to the parasitic mite Varroa destructor (V+ colonies) remove corpses faster compared to colonies with reduced parasite levels (V− colonies). To test this hypothesis, different amounts of dead bees (25 or 100) were added to V+ and V− colonies to increase undertaker’s workload and to monitor the colonies’ undertaking performance (number of corpses removed after fixed time intervals and time until task completion). Until 40 min after adding corpses, V+ colonies had removed more corpses compared to V− colonies, especially when 100 corpses were added. At 100 min after adding the corpses and onwards, the difference between the V+ and V− colonies disappeared. V+ colonies used less time until task completion, especially when challenged to remove 25 corpses. The first efficient undertaking response in V+ colonies may have been caused by more or more experienced undertakers on standby compared to V− colonies, resulting in less total time needed to complete their undertaking task at increased workload. Our study suggests that changes in the division of labour in V+ colonies were not impaired, but we cannot exclude long-term effects for the colony as time spent on undertaking cannot be spent on other tasks. Our study contributes to understanding of social resilience in colonies under high stress and exposed to immediate emergencies.
Kardiale Magnetresonanztomographie
Authors: Mayr A. , Reiter G. , Beitzke D. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDurch die Entwicklung robuster Techniken und deren umfassender Validierung hat sich die kardiale Magnetresonanztomographie (CMR) in ihrem knapp 25-jährigen klinischen Einsatz ein breites Indikationsspektrum erarbeitet. Die Erfassung kardialer Volumina und systolischer Ventrikelfunktion sowie die Charakterisierung fokaler Myokardnarben sind heute Teil der CMR-Standard-Bildgebung. Zuletzt haben die Einführung beschleunigter Bildakquisitionstechnologien, die neuen Bildgebungsmethoden des myokardialen T1- und T2-Mappings und der 4‑D-Flussmessungen sowie die neue Postprocessing-Technik des myokardialen Feature-Trackings an Relevanz gewonnen.MethodeDiese Überblicksarbeit basiert auf einer umfassenden Literaturrecherche in der PubMed-Datenbank zu neuen CMR-Techniken und ihrer klinischen Anwendung.Ergebnisse und SchlussfolgerungDieser Artikel zeigt eine Übersicht über die neuesten technischen Entwicklungen im Bereich der CMR sowie deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten anhand der wichtigsten klinischen Fragestellungen.
Variation propagation modelling in multistage machining processes using dual quaternions
Authors: Yacob Filmon , Semere Daniel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Variation propagation models play an important role in part quality prediction, variation source identification, and variation compensation in multistage manufacturing processes. These models often use homogenous transformation matrix, differential motion vector, and/or Jacobian matrix to represent and transform the part, tool and fixture coordinate systems and associated variations. However, the models end up with large matrices as the number features and functional element pairs increase. This work proposes a novel strategy for modelling of variation propagation in multistage machining processes using dual quaternions. The strategy includes representation of the fixture, part, and toolpath by dual quaternions, followed by projection locator points onto the features, which leads to a simplified model of a part-fixture assembly and machining. The proposed approach was validated against stream of variation models and experimental results reported in the literature. This paper aims to provide a new direction of research on variation propagation modelling of multistage manufacturing processes.
Fused filament fabrication of commercial conductive filaments: experimental study on the process parameters aimed at the minimization, repeatability and thermal characterization of electrical resistance
Authors: Stano Gianni , Di Nisio Attilio , Lanzolla Anna Maria , Ragolia Mattia , Percoco Gianluca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, a challenging scenario involving additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, relates to concerns on the manufacturing of electronic devices. In particular, the possibility of using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, which is well known for being very widespread and inexpensive, to fabricate structures with embedded sensing elements, is really appealing. Several researchers in this field have highlighted the high electrical resistance values and variability in 3D-printed strain sensors made via FFF. It is important to find a way to minimize the electrical resistance and variability among strain sensors printed under the same conditions for several reasons, such as reducing the measurement noise and better balancing four 3D-printed strain gauges connected to form a Wheatstone bridge to obtain better measurements. In this study, a design of experiment (DoE) on 3D-printed strain gauges, studying the relevance of printing and design parameters, was performed. Three different commercial conductive materials were analyzed, including a total of 105 printed samples. The output of this study is a combination of parameters which allow both the electrical resistance and variability to be minimized; in particular, it was discovered that the “welding effect” due to the layer height and printing orientation is responsible for high values of resistance and variability. After the optimization of printing and design parameters, further experiments were performed to characterize the sensitivity of each specimen to mechanical and thermal stresses, highlighting an interesting aspect. A sensible variation of the electrical resistance at room temperature was observed, even if no stress was applied to the specimen, suggesting the potential of exploiting these materials for the 3D printing of highly sensitive temperature sensors.
Uncovering psychological mechanisms mediating the effects of drugs: some issues and comments using the example of psychedelic drugs
Authors: Kangaslampi Samuli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearchers have begun efforts to uncover the psychological mechanisms by which psychedelic drugs may have beneficial effects on long-term outcomes in some circumstances. The approaches several recent publications on the topic have taken to analyze such mechanisms have some pitfalls and limitations. Based on the rich literature on mechanisms and mediation analysis in psychological science, I comment on five particular issues: (1) Separating mediating and moderating factors, (2) problems inherent in using cross-sectional data, (3) statistical methods in mediation analysis, (4) assumptions and limitations inherent in traditional mediation analysis, and (5) criteria beyond mediation to establish a mechanism. Suggested practices for future research on the psychological mechanisms through which drugs have their effects are presented.
Divergent Response to the SSRI Citalopram in Male and Female Three-Spine Sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
Authors: Kellner Martin , Olsén K. Håkan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are psychotropic pharmaceuticals used as antidepressants. SSRIs are commonly found in surface waters in populated areas across the globe. They exert their effect by blocking the serotonin re-uptake transporter in the presynaptic nerve ending. The present study examined whether behavioural effects to exposure to SSRI citalopram depend on personality and sex in the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Three aspects of stickleback behaviour are examined: feeding behaviour, aggression, and boldness. We exposed sticklebacks to 350–380 ng/l citalopram for 3 weeks. Feeding and aggressive behaviour were recorded before and after exposure, whereas scototaxis behaviour was tested after exposure. The results show treatment effects in feeding and aggressive behaviour. Feeding is suppressed only in the male group (χ2 = 20.4, P < 0.001) but not in the females (χ2 = 0.91, P = 0.339). Aggressive behaviour was significantly affected by treatment (χ2 = 161.9, P < 0.001), sex (χ2 = 86.3, P < 0.001), and baseline value (χ2 = 58.8, P < 0.001). Aggressiveness was suppressed by citalopram treatment. In addition, the fish showed no change in aggression and feeding behaviour over time regardless of sex and treatment, which indicate personality traits. Only females are affected by treatment in the scototaxis test. The exposed females spent significantly (χ2 = 5.02, P = 0.050) less time in the white zone than the female controls.
Beliefs in Conflict: The Management of Teno Atlantic Salmon in the Sámi Homeland in Finland
Authors: Hiedanpää Juha , Saijets Joni , Jounela Pekka , Jokinen Mikko , Sarkki Simo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe subarctic Teno River is one of the most significant spawning rivers for Atlantic salmon in Europe. In 2009, research indicated that the Teno salmon stock was in a weak state, and concern about the future of Atlantic salmon in the Teno River arose on both sides of the river, in Finland and Norway. In 2017, the governments ratified the new Teno fishing agreement (Teno Fishing Act 2017). The agreement aimed to reduce the fishing volume by 30%, and the new regulations concerned all users, including the indigenous Sámi, other locals, tourists, and fishing entrepreneurs. This triggered concern and anger in the Sámi community and among other locals generally. The dispute raised a question concerning the management of Teno salmon. We conducted a Q inquiry with 43 statements, covering aspects of interest, knowledge, management, and policy needs related to Teno salmon. We hypothesised that the key reason for the management tensions lay in how scientific and traditional knowledge fitted administrative knowledge requirements. By using self-organising maps (SOMs), four webs of beliefs emerged from the data: traditional Sámi fishing; salmon protection; equal economic opportunity; and evidence-based decision-making. We also further analysed the statements according to how they reproduced diverging and similar beliefs. We discuss the identity-related struggle, rights, and stakes and the underlying issue of confidence and respect.
Scaling gene expression for cell size control and senescence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Yuping , Futcher Bruce 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCells divide with appropriate frequency by coupling division to growth—that is, cells divide only when they have grown sufficiently large. This process is poorly understood, but has been studied using cell size mutants. In principle, mutations affecting cell size could affect the mean size (“set-point” mutants), or they could affect the variability of sizes (“homeostasis” mutants). In practice, almost all known size mutants affect set-point, with little effect on size homeostasis. One model for size-dependent division depends on a size-dependent gene expression program: Activators of cell division are over-expressed at larger and larger sizes, while inhibitors are under-expressed. At sufficiently large size, activators overcome inhibitors, and the cell divides. Amounts of activators and inhibitors determine the set-point, but the gene expression program (the rate at which expression changes with cell size) determines the breadth of the size distribution (homeostasis). In this model, set-point mutants identify cell cycle activators and inhibitors, while homeostasis mutants identify regulators that couple expression of activators and inhibitors to size. We consider recent results suggesting that increased cell size causes senescence, and suggest that at very large sizes, an excess of DNA binding proteins leads to size induced senescence.
Addition of HER2 and CD44 to 18F-FDG PET–based clinico-radiomic models enhances prediction of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy response in esophageal cancer
Authors: Beukinga Roelof J. , Wang Da , Karrenbeld Arend , Dijksterhuis Willemieke P. M. , Faber Hette , Burgerhof Johannes G. M. , Mul Véronique E. M. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Coppes Robert P. , Plukker John Th. M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the complementary value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-related biological tumor markers to clinico-radiomic models in predicting complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) in esophageal cancer patients.

Methods
Expression of HER2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in pre-treatment tumor biopsies of 96 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Five other potentially active HER2-related biological tumor markers in esophageal cancer were examined in a sub-analysis on 43 patients. Patients received at least four of the five cycles of chemotherapy and full radiotherapy regimen followed by esophagectomy. Three reference clinico-radiomic models based on 18F-FDG PET were constructed to predict pathologic response, which was categorized into complete versus incomplete (Mandard tumor regression grade 1 vs. 2–5). The complementary value of the biological tumor markers was evaluated by internal validation through bootstrapping.

Results
Pathologic examination revealed 21 (22%) complete and 75 (78%) incomplete responders. HER2 and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), analyzed in the sub-analysis, were univariably associated with pathologic response. Incorporation of HER2 and CD44 into the reference models improved the overall performance (R2s of 0.221, 0.270, and 0.225) and discrimination AUCs of 0.759, 0.857, and 0.816. All models exhibited moderate to good calibration. The remaining studied biological tumor markers did not yield model improvement.

Conclusions
Incorporation of HER2 and CD44 into clinico-radiomic prediction models improved NCRT response prediction in esophageal cancer. These biological tumor markers are promising in initial response evaluation.

Key Points
• A multimodality approach, integrating independent genomic and radiomic information, is promising to improve prediction of γpCR in patients with esophageal cancer.
• HER2 and CD44 are potential biological tumor markers in the initial work-up of patients with esophageal cancer.
• Prediction models combining 18F-FDG PET radiomic features with HER2 and CD44 may be useful in the decision to omit surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer.