bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical and histological comparison between acute cutaneous graft‐versus‐host disease and other maculopapular eruptions following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Chanprapaph Kumutnart , Leerunyakul Kanchana , Niparuck Pimjai , Rutnin Suthinee 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrompt management of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) may prevent its morbidity and mortality. Maculopapular (MP) eruption is a presenting sign of acute GVHD, but differentiation from other causes of MP rash is challenging.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted among patients developing MP eruptions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We compared the clinical and histopathological differences between an acute cutaneous GVHD (group 1) and other MP eruptions (group 2). We also determined the clinical prognostic indicators linked to acute GVHD severity, morbidity, and mortality.ResultsOf 95 patients identified, 75 met the classification criteria for acute GVHD, and 25 had other MP eruptions. Palm and/or sole involvement was more frequently found (51.4% vs. 12%, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval] = 7 [2.1, 23.7], P < 0.01 and 41.4% vs. 0%, OR 37.2 [2.2, 635], P < 0.01, respectively) in group 1 than in group 2. Comparing the histological features between the two groups, necrotic keratinocytes in basal and spinous layers (92.9% vs. 22.2%, OR 27 [3.5, 594.7], P < 0.01) and (85.7% vs. 33.3%, OR 9.3 [1.4, 60.8], P = 0.02, respectively), diffuse basal vacuolization (42.9% vs. 0%, OR 14.5 [0.7, 298.2], P = 0.04), lymphocyte satellitosis (71.4% vs. 0%, OR 44.3 [2.1, 936.8], P < 0.01), and subepidermal clefts (42.9% vs. 0%, OR 14.5 [0.7, 298.2], P = 0.04) were significantly more apparent in group 1. Among extracutaneous presentations, diarrhea alone and/or accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia (47.1% vs. 16%, OR 4.3 [1.4, 13.1], P = 0.03 and 27.1% vs. 0%, OR 19.3 [1.1, 332.8], P < 0.01, respectively) and newly developed transaminitis (37.1% vs. 12%, OR 3.3 [1.1, 12.6], P = 0.02) suggested the diagnosis of acute GVHD. Mucosal involvement and/or blister formation correlated with severe acute GVHD (OR 26.6 [5.4, 130.4], P < 0.01). Skin and systemic GVHD severity correlated with time to rash resolution (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively), length of hospital stays (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), and mortality (OR 4.87 [1.4, 17.4], P = 0.02 and OR 4.6 [1.3, 16.5], P = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings may be beneficial tools for establishing the diagnosis of acute GVHD.
Gut microbiota in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: Effects of randomized treatments
Authors: Garcia‐Beltran Cristina , Malpique Rita , Carbonetto Belen , González‐Torres Pedro , Henares Desirée , Brotons Pedro , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen , López‐Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundGirls with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with PCOS have altered gut microbiota.ObjectiveTo study the gut microbiota composition of girls with PCOS without obesity (age, 15.8 years; body mass index [BMI] 25 kg/m2) and the effects of randomized treatments with an oral contraceptive (OC, N = 15) or with spironolactone‐pioglitazone‐metformin (SPIOMET, N = 15) for 1 year. Thirty‐one age‐matched girls served as controls.Methods16S ribosomal subunit gene amplicon sequencing was performed in stool samples from all subjects; samples from 23 out of 30 girls with PCOS (OC, N = 12; SPIOMET, N = 11) were available for analysis post‐treatment. Clinical and endocrine‐metabolic variables were measured before and after intervention.ResultsGirls with PCOS had decreased diversity alpha, altered microbiota pattern and taxonomic profile with more abundance of Family XI (P = .002), and less abundance of family Prevotellaceae (P = .0006) the genus Prevotella (P = .0001) and Senegalimassilia (P < .0001), as compared to controls. Family XI abundance related positively to hepato‐visceral fat (R = 0.453; P = .0003). SPIOMET treatment, but not OC, normalized the abundance of Family XI. Prevotellaceae, Prevotella and Senegalimassilia abundance remained unchanged after either treatment.ConclusionSPIOMET's spectrum of normalizing effects in girls with PCOS is herewith broadened as to include Family XI abundance in gut microbiota.
Intention to leave among newly graduated nurses: A descriptive, multicenter study
Authors: Li Zhen , Cao Jing , Wu Xinjuan , Li Fangfang , Zhu Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate newly graduated Chinese nurses' intention to leave their jobs and to explore the association of intention to leave with nurse characteristics, person–environment fit, and social support.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsNewly graduated nurses (N = 1,313) were recruited from 18 hospitals in six provinces in China, during 2018. An online questionnaire explored intention to leave and related factors, including proactive personality, personal–environment fit, and perceived social support. Chi‐squared and multilevel logistic regression analysis were used to examine associations between factors.ResultsAmong 1,313 newly graduated nurses, 88 (6.7%) reported high‐level intention to leave. Nurses working in specialty areas (i.e., outside of medical‐surgical wards) and those with higher degree of person–organization fit showed lower intention to leave, whereas those with higher level of education, exposure to negative workplace/life events during the previous year and a proactive personality showed higher intention to leave.ConclusionAmong newly graduated Chinese nurses, intention to leave is significant and is influenced by work area, level of education, negative workplace/life events and person–organization fit. The intention to leave is dynamically multifactorial and supportive strategies must be similarly multifaceted to effectively reduce turnover.ImpactLittle is known about the factors influencing the intention to leave among newly graduated nurses. We found significant intention to leave among new nurses which was negatively associated with work in a specialty area and degree of person–organization fit and positively associated with level of education, exposure to negative workplace/life events and proactive personality. This information adds to our understanding of nurse turnover and will support nurse administrators in the introduction of specific strategies to decrease turnover in this population.
How to foster nurses’ well‐being and performance in the face of work pressure? The role of mindfulness as personal resource
Authors: Janssen Elias , Van Strydonck Isabeau , Decuypere Anouk , Decramer Adelien , Audenaert Mieke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to study the simultaneous relationships of work pressure with the performance and well‐being of nurses and to explore whether mindfulness moderates these relationships.DesignA cross‐sectional survey design.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 1,021 nurses from 103 Belgian care homes for older people, in 2017. Data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression and simple slope analyses.ResultsWork pressure was positively associated with empathetic care, job performance and emotional exhaustion and negatively associated with work engagement. Mindfulness was positively related to empathetic care, job performance and work engagement and negatively related to emotional exhaustion. Regarding the moderations, mindfulness moderated the relationships between work pressure and both performance outcomes, as well as between work pressure and work engagement. Contrary to what we expected: (a) mindfulness showed no significant buffering effect of work pressure on emotional exhaustion; (b) the relationship between work pressure and both empathic care and job performance was stronger when mindfulness was low (vs. high); and (c) mindfulness strengthened instead of weakened the negative relationship between work pressure and work engagement. However, in high work pressure settings, more mindful individuals still had better job performance and work engagement outcomes than less mindful individuals.ConclusionOur findings explain conflicting outcomes on the effects of work pressure by suggesting that work pressure can function both as a hindrance and a challenge job demand depending on the outcome. Furthermore, by exploring the role of mindfulness as a personal resource, we add to the literature on the role of personal resources in the job demands–resources (JD‐R)‐model which is particularly relevant in the context of increasing work pressure.ImpactNurses are confronted with increasing work pressure. The present findings indicate that the implementation of mindfulness strategies can be beneficial for nurses dealing with work pressure, contributing to nursing practice and JD‐R theory.
A machine learning‐based, decision support, mobile phone application for diagnosis of common dermatological diseases
Authors: Pangti R. , Mathur J. , Chouhan V. , Kumar S. , Rajput L. , Shah S. , Gupta A. , Dixit A. , Dholakia D. , Gupta S. , Gupta S. , George M. , Sharma V.K. , Gupta S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of machine learning algorithms in decision support tools for physicians is gaining popularity. These tools can tackle the disparities in healthcare access as the technology can be implemented on smartphones. We present the first, large‐scale study on patients with skin of colour, in which the feasibility of a novel mobile health application (mHealth app) was investigated in actual clinical workflows.ObjectiveTo develop a mHealth app to diagnose 40 common skin diseases and test it in clinical settings.MethodsA convolutional neural network‐based algorithm was trained with clinical images of 40 skin diseases. A smartphone app was generated and validated on 5014 patients, attending rural and urban outpatient dermatology departments in India. The results of this mHealth app were compared against the dermatologists’ diagnoses.ResultsThe machine–learning model, in an in silico validation study, demonstrated an overall top‐1 accuracy of 76.93 ± 0.88% and mean area‐under‐curve of 0.95 ± 0.02 on a set of clinical images. In the clinical study, on patients with skin of colour, the app achieved an overall top‐1 accuracy of 75.07% (95% CI = 73.75–76.36), top‐3 accuracy of 89.62% (95% CI = 88.67–90.52) and mean area‐under‐curve of 0.90 ± 0.07.ConclusionThis study underscores the utility of artificial intelligence‐driven smartphone applications as a point‐of‐care, clinical decision support tool for dermatological diagnosis for a wide spectrum of skin diseases in patients of the skin of colour.
Feasibility and outcomes of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A Japanese experience
Authors: Wada Seiji , Ozawa Katsusuke , Sugibayashi Rika , Suyama Fumio , Amari Shoichiro , Ito Yushi , Kanamori Yutaka , Okuyama Hiroomi , Usui Noriaki , Sasahara Jun , Kotani Tomomi , Hayakawa Masahiro , Kato Kiyoko , Taguchi Tomoaki , Endo Masayuki , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo present the feasibility, safety and outcomes of fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) for the treatment of severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsThis was a single‐arm clinical trial of FETO for isolated left‐sided CDH with liver herniation and Kitano Grade 3 stomach position (>50% stomach herniation into the right chest). FETO was performed at 27–29 weeks of gestation for cases with observed/expected lung to head ratio (o/e LHR) <25% and at 30–31 weeks for cases with o/e LHR ≥25%.ResultsEleven cases were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2016, and balloon insertion was successful in all cases. The median o/e LHR at entry was 27% (range, 20–33%). The median gestational age at FETO was 30.9 (range, 27.1–31.7) weeks. There were no severe maternal adverse events. One fetus died unexpectedly at 33 weeks of gestation due to cord strangulation by the detached amniotic membrane. There were 3 cases (27%) of preterm premature rupture of membranes. In all 10 cases, balloon removal at 34–35 weeks of gestation was successful. The median gestational age at delivery was 36.5 (range, 34.2–38.3) weeks. The median duration of occlusion and the median interval between balloon insertion and delivery were 26 days (range: 17–49 days) and 43 days (range, 21–66 days), respectively. Both the survival rate at 90 days of age and the rate of survival to discharge were 45% (5/11).ConclusionThe FETO is feasible without maternal morbidity in Japan and could be offered to women whose fetuses show severe isolated left‐sided CDH to accelerate fetal lung growth.
An 8‐Year Clinical Outcome of Posterior Inlay Retained Resin Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis Utilizing High Performance Polymer Materials: A Clinical Report
Authors: Tasopoulos Theodoros , Pachiou Aspasia , Kouveliotis George , Karaiskou Georgia , Ottenga Marc , Zoidis Panagiotis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis clinical report presents the use of a modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Inlay Retained Resin Bonded Fixed Dental Prosthesis (IRRBFDP) framework, veneered with indirect high impact composite for the bilateral restoration of mandibular first molar teeth, as the most conservative treatment option for a medically compromised patient. When used as a framework, PEEK's elastic modulus (approximately 4 GPa), could result in the reduction of stresses transferred to the abutment teeth and the cementation interface accordingly, therefore it could result in lower de‐bonding rates and higher success rates. Furthermore, the high bond strength with the veneering composite material and the luting cements permit its use for resin‐bonded restorations. Preparation guidelines, indications and advantages for the fabrication of IRRBFDPs are described in this clinical report. No technical complications such as de‐bonding of the framework, connector or retainer fracture of the adhesive frameworks or loss of retention were observed during the course of 8 years. Prosthetic replacement of single missing posterior mandibular teeth utilizing IRRBFDPs with high performance polymer materials could potentially offer long‐term high survival rate outcomes. Further clinical evidence is required in order to justify the above statement.
Narcolepsy type 2: A rare, yet existing entity
Authors: Baumann‐Vogel Heide , Schreckenbauer Lina , Valko Philipp O. , Werth Esther , Baumann Christian R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBecause of unspecific diagnostic criteria, there is much controversy around narcolepsy type 2, its existence and its frequency. With this retrospective and purely descriptive study, we aimed to compare the frequency of narcolepsy type 2 compared to the well‐described narcolepsy type 1, in a large (n = 3,782) retrospective sample from a single tertiary sleep centre. After 2 weeks washout of sleep–wake active medication, all patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (n = 1,392) underwent 2 weeks actigraphy, polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test, and all diagnoses were made along current diagnostic criteria. Narcolepsy type 1 was diagnosed in 91 patients, and 191 patients without cataplexy had multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) results indicating narcolepsy. After exclusion of shift work syndrome (n = 19), suspected insufficient sleep syndrome (n = 128), delayed sleep phase syndrome (n = 4) and obstructive sleep apnea (n = 34), six patients were diagnosed with narcolepsy type 2, of whom two patients later developed narcolepsy type 1. Altogether, our observations suggest that narcolepsy type 2 exists, but its frequency may be much lower compared to narcolepsy type 1. In addition, they emphasize the importance of scrupulously excluding other potential causes of sleepiness, if possible, with 2‐week actigraphy and polysomnography.
Scaffolding and the zone of proximal development: A problematic relationship
Authors: Xi Jiao , Lantolf James P. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTFor nearly four decades, a variety of social science disciplines have assumed that the zone of proximal development (ZPD) and the metaphor of scaffolding reflect more or less the same process. However, we will argue that any similarity is at best partial and at worst superficial. Equating the processes adds nothing to Vygotsky's general theory and in fact may weaken and dilute the robustness of the theory. To make the non‐equivalence case, the paper first presents an overview of Vygotsky's approach to psychology that includes an expansive discussion of the ZPD not only as the activity in which instruction leads development, but also as the key to his approach to experimental research. This is followed by a critical review of the relevant statements that have appeared in the literature on the nature of scaffolding, its presumed link to the ZPD and that brings to the fore the inadequacies of the metaphor itself that disqualify it as an equivalent process. While the ZPD can be understood to include the kind of interaction that is described in the scaffolding literature, it is a much broader and far more robust process than scaffolding, as is made apparent when the two processes are compared, which is the focus of the concluding section of the article. In the comparison we summarize the analyses presented, especially with regard to the implications and relevance of the metaphors underlying each concept.
Chimerism as the basis for organ repair
Authors: Vadakke‐Madathil Sangeetha , Chaudhry Hina W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOrgan and tissue repair are complex processes involving signaling molecules, growth factors, and cell cycle regulators that act in concert to promote cell division and differentiation at sites of injury. In embryonic development, progenitor fetal cells are actively involved in reparative mechanisms and display a biphasic interaction with the mother; and there is constant trafficking of fetal cells into maternal circulation and vice versa. This phenomenon of fetal microchimerism may have significant impact considering the primitive, multilineage nature of these cells. In published work, we have reported that fetal‐derived placental cells expressing the homeodomain protein CDX2 retain all “stem” functional proteins of embryonic stem cells yet are endowed with additional functions in areas of growth, survival, homing, and immune modulation. These cells exhibit multipotency in vitro and in vivo, giving rise to spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In mouse models, CDX2 cells from female placentas can be administered intravenously to male mice subjected to myocardial infarction with subsequent homing of the CDX2 cells to infarcted areas and evidence of cellular regeneration with enhanced cardiac function. Elucidating the role of microchimeric fetal‐derived placental cells may have broader scientific potential, as one can envision allogeneic cell therapy strategies targeted at tissue regeneration for a variety of organ systems.
Influence of thyroxine supplementation on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption: A systematic review
Authors: Berry Stefani , Javed Fawad , Rossouw Paul Emile , Barmak Abdul Basir , Kalogirou Eleni‐Marina , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of thyroxine administration on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption remains unclear. The aim was to assess the influence of thyroxine administration on orthodontically induced tooth movement and/or inflammatory root resorption. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020164151). An electronic search of indexed databases was conducted without time or language restrictions up to and including May 2020. The following eligibility criteria were imposed: (a) original prospective controlled clinical studies and/or experimental studies on animal models; (b) subjects undergoing orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances; (c) presence of a control group [orthodontic tooth movement without thyroxine administration]; and (d) intervention: orthodontic tooth movement with thyroxine administration. Review articles, commentaries, letters to the editor, case reports/series, studies with no control group, cross‐sectional studies, retrospective studies and studies where thyroxine was administered along with other interventions such as calcitonin and prostaglandins were excluded. Quality of available evidence and risk of bias within studies were assessed. Any disagreements were resolved via consensus discussions. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, 8 animal studies were included. Four studies reported that thyroxine administration increases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement; 3 studies did not show a significant difference. Three studies showed that thyroxine administration decreases orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption; 2 studies found no significant difference. The risk of bias among studies was high. In conclusion, the influence of thyroxine administration on orthodontic tooth movement and/or orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption in animal models remains unclear.
Influence of different anti‐hypertensive drugs on gingival overgrowth: A cross‐sectional study in a Turkish population
Authors: Ustaoğlu Gülbahar , Erdal Emrah , Karaş Zeynep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence rate of drug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) in patients treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) such as amlodipine, lercanidipine, and benidipine, as well as to assess the relationship of those mentioned above with medication variables and oral hygiene.MethodsSociodemographic details, DIGO, and clinical periodontal parameters were obtained from one hundred and thirty‐one patients receiving ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and CCBs for a period of at least 2 years.ResultsThe occurrence rate of DIGO was 19.6% in patients using CCB, 12.5% in the ARB group, and 7.5% in the ACE inhibitor group. In a subgroup analysis of CCBs, DIGO was found to be 31.8% in the amlodipine group, 13.3% in the lercanidipine group, and 7.1% in the benidipine group. While there was a significant relationship between amlodipine drug dosage and DIGO, no association was found between the duration of therapy and DIGO in all CCB subgroups.ConclusionThere was no difference between the groups in terms of DIGO. Duration of therapy and drug dosage did not affect the severity of DIGO in both ACE inhibitors and ARB groups.