bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Querschnittlähmung mit neurogener Harnblasenfunktionsstörung als möglicher Risikofaktor für Harnblasenkarzinome
Authors: Böthig Ralf , Fiebag Kai , Kowald Birgitt , Hirschfeld Sven , Thietje Roland , Kurze Ines , Schöps Wolfgang , Böhme Holger , Kaufmann Albert , Zellner Michael , Kadhum Thura , Golka Klaus 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die Lebenserwartung für Menschen mit Querschnittlähmung (spinal cord injury/disease; SCI/D) steigt infolge der Fortschritte der paraplegiologischen und neuro-urologischen Behandlungsmethoden. Somit gewinnt jedoch das Risiko, an Harnblasenkrebs zu erkranken, an Bedeutung.
Methodik Retrospektive Single-Center-Auswertung von konsekutiven Patientendaten mit SCI/D und nachgewiesenem Harnblasenkarzinom.
Ergebnis Vom 1. Januar 1998 bis 31. März 2017 wurde bei 32 (3 weiblich, 29 männlich) von insgesamt 6432 Patienten mit SCI/D ein Harnblasenkarzinom diagnostiziert. Das Durchschnittsalter bei der Blasenkrebsdiagnose lag mit 54,5 Jahren deutlich unter dem für Blasenkrebsfälle in der Allgemeinbevölkerung (männlich: 74, weiblich: 75 Jahre). 27 Patienten litten an einer urodynamisch bestätigten neurogenen Detrusor-Überaktivität, während 5 Patienten (alle männlich) eine neurogene Akontraktilität des Detrusors aufwiesen.Die mediane Latenzzeit zwischen dem Einsetzen der SCI/D und der Tumordiagnose betrug 29,5 Jahre. Temporäre Dauerkatheterisierungen wurden bei lediglich 4 Patienten für insgesamt nur 1,61 % der Latenzzeit aller Patienten gefunden.Die Mehrzahl der Patienten (n = 27) wies ein Urothelzellkarzinom auf, 5 Patienten hatten ein Plattenepithelkarzinom. 25 Patienten (78 %) hatten zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnose bereits einen muskelinvasiven Tumor ≥ T2. 23 Patienten zeigten ein histologisch schlecht differenziertes G3-Karzinom, 2 Patienten hatten jeweils einen G2- und G1-Tumor (keine Angaben bei 5 Patienten).Das mediane Überleben für alle Patienten betrug 11,5 Monate. Die Prognose der Patienten mit Plattenepithelkarzinom war signifikant noch schlechter, 4 von 5 starben innerhalb von 7 Monaten (median 4 Monate).
Schlussfolgerung Das jüngere Alter bei Beginn der Tumorerkrankung und die Häufigkeit invasiver, schlecht differenzierter Tumoren bei der Diagnose weisen darauf hin, dass das Vorliegen einer SCI/D sowohl Risiko als auch Prognose der Blasentumorerkrankung signifikant beeinflusst. Die Latenzzeit zwischen Lähmungseintritt und Tumorerkrankung scheint ein maßgeblicher Risikoparameter zu sein.Die Art der neurogenen Blasenfunktionsstörung und des Blasen-Managements scheinen dagegen das Risiko nicht zu beeinflussen. Langzeit-Dauerableitungen der Harnblase spielten bei den untersuchten Patienten nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.Die Früherkennung von Blasenkrebs bei Patienten mit SCI/D bleibt eine Herausforderung.
Establishing the Identity from the Skeletal Remains of Alum Bheg, a Martyr from the 1857 Indian Freedom Struggle
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Ghosh Sanjib Kumar , Pareek Vikas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction The present study was undertaken to analyze the morphological features of a skull supposed to be that of Alum Bheg, a martyr from the 1857 Indian Freedom Struggle (also called the Sepoy Mutiny), using established methods to validate identity with regards to age and height as available in the note found with the skull (∼ 32 years old and 5 feet 7½ inch tall).
Materials and Methods Identification of the gender of the skull was performed based on established criteria. Analysis for closure of skull sutures (cranial and facial) and measurement of orbitomedial (OM) and maxillomedial (MM) facial anthropometric lines were undertaken to provide an estimated age against each examined suture, as well as against a group of sutures through established scoring systems. Furthermore, the approximate height of the individual was estimated from the skull length using regression equations from a reference adult Indian male population. All of the measurements were made on the digital images of the skull using a digital image analyzer (Image J software, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
Results Established criteria confirmed that the skull was of a male individual, and the skull sutures and age related morphological changes in the bones indicate that it belonged to an individual in an age range between 20 and 50 years old, with an average of 30 years old, and an approximate height between 5 feet 8.2 inches to 6 feet 1.3 inches.
Conclusion The observed values are in approximation with those mentioned in historical notes, and slight differences may be attributed to gross reporting of the original values or limitations of anthropometric analysis. Further biological tests will be required to validate the identity beyond reasonable doubt.
What’s new from the zoo? An analysis of ten years of zoo-themed research output
Authors: Rose Paul E. , Brereton James E. , Rowden Lewis J. , de Figueiredo Ricardo Lemos , Riley Lisa M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe modern zoo’s roles command empirical enquiry to determine the effectiveness of zoos locally and globally. Ten years ago, published work identified the need for empirical research on a diverse range of species beyond charismatic zoo megafauna. We review zoo-based research published in the decade since this original recommendation. We collectively evaluate zoo-themed research papers from those working in zoos and those external to zoos but studying zoo-housed animals. By systematically searching Web of Science©for zoo-based research and performing inductive content analysis to code year, journal, study animal’s taxonomic classification, and research aims and outputs we evaluate trends in zoo-themed research, contrasted with trends in species holding. Significantly more birds and fish are kept compared to mammals, reptiles and amphibians, but mammals are consistently the primary research focus. Whilst output generally rises, only for birds is a steady increase in publications apparent. Husbandry evaluation is a major aim/output, but papers on pure biology, cognition and health also feature. Most publications lead to “specific advancement of knowledge” including validation of methodologies. We show that: (1) trends in species holdings are unrelated to trends in publication; (2) zoo-themed research makes meaningful contributions to science; (3) zoo researchers should diversify their aim/output categories and chosen study species to close the persisting research gaps that we have identified. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of evident species biases within research outputs across the broader fields of zoology, conservation and ecology.
Precision medicine in the era of CRISPR-Cas9: evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Semiz Sabina , Aka Philip C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores the possibilities and challenges of genetic testing, genetic counseling, and genome editing (collectively referred to in this piece as precision medicine) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the era of CRISP-Cas9. It is informed by recent developments in the field which reached new heights in the radar of global awareness in the wake of the research scandal from China in November of 2018. The scandal generated intense debates, some of it still ongoing, regarding the appropriate boundaries for scientific research on human DNA. Bearing on independent developments within this country, complemented with global events, the article covers several grounds related to the topic, including: the nature and limits of emerging legislation; measures of genetic testing and genetic counseling; public engagement meant to increase awareness among stakeholders, beginning with the public, regarding these novel technologies; and corresponding bioethical and social implications. BH decision makers must work to ensure that socioeconomic factors do not pose obstacles to healthcare access, including matters bordering on precision medicine, and they must strive to realize standards for citizens, whether in healthcare delivery, research, or general educational services, that do not lag behind the rest of Europe. The route to reaching these governance goals will be through well-timed legislation, level-headed implementation, and diligent legislative oversight of the work of administrative agencies.
Structural and functional evaluation of single-chain Fv antibody HyC1 recognizing the residual native structure of hen egg lysozyme
Authors: Yamaoka Takanori , Kamatari Yuji O , Maruno Takahiro , Kobayashi Yuji , Oda Masayuki 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Evaluation of the molecular mechanisms by which an antibody recognizes a specific antigen could help in better understanding of the protein recognition mechanisms. We previously showed that anti-hen egg lysozyme (HEL) monoclonal antibody, HyC1, recognized the structural and hydrodynamic change in HEL. Here, we generated HyC1 single-chain Fv (scFv), and characterized it using different structural and biophysical methods. Similar to HyC1 monoclonal antibody, HyC1 scFv could recognize native HEL from carboxymethylated Cys6 and Cys127 HEL (CM6,127-HEL). Comparison of the binding thermodynamics of HyC1 scFv between HEL and CM6,127-HEL showed that the binding enthalpy change was different, while the binding entropy was remained unchanged. The results indicated that the fluctuation of the residual native structure in both HEL and CM6,127-HEL was similar. The NMR experiments for 15N-labeled HyC1 scFv indicated that the flexibility of HyC1 scFv decreased upon the binding to HEL.
Free‐weight versus weight machine resistance exercise on pulse wave reflection and aortic stiffness in resistance‐trained individuals
Authors: Parks Jason C. , Marshall Erica M. , Tai Yu Lun , Kingsley J. Derek 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare the vascular responses to acute free‐weight (FW) resistance exercise (RE) versus weight machines (WM). Thirty‐two resistance‐trained individuals participated in this study. Both modalities involved performing acute RE and a control. Blood pressure and measures of pulse wave reflection were assessed using pulse wave analysis. Aortic stiffness was assessed using carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cf‐PWV). A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of modality (FW and WM) and condition (acute RE and control) across time (rest and 10‐20 min after exercise) on measures of pulse wave reflection and aortic stiffness. Significance was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. There were no modality by condition by time interactions for any variable, such that the FW and WM modalities responded similarly across time after acute RE (p > 0.05). There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in heart rate, aortic systolic blood pressure, aortic pulse pressure, augmentation index normalized at 75bpm, and decreases in subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) after acute RE, compared to rest. There was also a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in cf‐PWV after acute RE, compared to rest. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that acute free‐weight and weight‐machine RE are associated with transient increases in measures of pulse wave reflection and aortic stiffness, with reductions in myocardial perfusion. These data demonstrate that both modalities result in significant stress on the myocardium during recovery, while simultaneously increasing pressure on the aorta for at least 10–20 min.
Post-inflationary phases stiffer than radiation and Palatini formulation
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
If the inflaton and the quintessence fields are identified, the background geometry evolves through a stiff epoch undershooting the expansion rate of a radiation-dominated plasma. For some classes of inflationary potentials this scenario is at odds with the current observational evidence since the corresponding tensor-to-scalar ratio is too large. Quintessential inflation is analyzed when the gravitational action is supplemented by a contribution quadratic in the Einstein–Hilbert term. In the Palatini formulation the addition of such a term does not affect the scalar modes during the inflationary phase and throughout the course of the subsequent stiff epoch but it suppresses the tensor power spectrum and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. While in the Palatini formulation the power-law potentials leading to a quintessential inflationary dynamics are again viable, the high-frequency spike of the relic graviton spectrum is squeezed and the whole signal is suppressed at least when the higher-order contributions appearing in the action are explicitly decoupled from the inflaton.
A review on stretchable magnetic field sensorics
Authors: Melzer M , Makarov D , Schmidt O G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current establishment of stretchable electronics to form a seamless link between soft or even living materials and the digital world is at the forefront of multidisciplinary research efforts, bridging physics, engineering and materials science. Magnetic functionalities can provide a sense of displacement, orientation or proximity to this novel formulation of electronics. This work reviews the recent development of stretchable magnetic field sensorics relying on the combination of metallic thin films revealing a giant magnetoresistance effect with elastomeric materials. Stretchability of the magnetic nanomembranes is achieved by specific morphologic features (e.g. wrinkles or microcracks), which accommodate the applied tensile deformation while maintaining the electrical and magnetic integrity of the sensor device. The entire development, from the demonstration of the world’s first elastically stretchable magnetic sensor to the realization of a technology platform for robust, ready-to-use elastic magnetosensorics is described. Soft giant magnetoresistive elements exhibiting the same sensing performance as on conventional rigid supports, but with fully strain invariant properties up to 270% stretching have been demonstrated. With their unique mechanical properties, these sensor elements readily conform to ubiquitous objects of arbitrary shapes including the human skin. Stretchable magnetoelectronic sensors can equip soft and epidermal electronic systems with navigation, orientation, motion tracking and touchless control capabilities. A variety of novel technologies, like electronic skins, smart textiles, soft robotics and actuators, active medical implants and soft consumer electronics will benefit from these new magnetic functionalities.
Quantum electrodynamics with magnetic textures
Authors: Martínez-Pérez María José , Zueco David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Coherent exchange between photons and different matter excitations (like qubits, acoustic surface waves or spins) allows for the entanglement of light and matter and provides a toolbox for performing fundamental quantum physics. On top of that, coherent exchange is a basic ingredient in the majority of quantum information processors. In this work, we develop the theory for coupling between magnetic textures (vortices and skyrmions) stabilized in ferromagnetic nanodiscs and microwave photons generated in a superconducting circuit. Within this theory we show that this hybrid system serves for performing broadband spectroscopy of the magnetic textures. We also discuss the possibility of reaching the strong coupling regime between these texture excitations and a single photon residing in a microwave superconducting cavity.
Numerical and experimental investigation of metamaterial structures used in non-destructive dielectric material testing
Authors: Faktorová D , Savin A , Steigmann R , Stanciu M D , Špániková G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the paper the investigation of the dielectric properties of dielectric material will be described, using an artificial metamaterial structure over the aperture of waveguide sensor with aim of increasing the sensitivity of classical waveguide sensor. The possibility to use a metamaterial structure for upgrading properties of classical waveguide sensor will be emphasized by numerical simulation of 2D metamaterial structure properties and experimental measurements to determine dielectric properties of dielectric materials. The mechanical properties of the dielectric samples, alder wood in our case, are determined also by Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, in order to validate the microwave approach.
Experimental approach and finite element analysis of the behavior of a steel bending tool
Authors: Negrău D C , Indre C I , Grebenișan G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This work contains the 3D design and finite element analysis of a manual device for assembly by bending the sheets around an exhaust muffler. As a result of the design of the device, the requested was executed by the information provided by the mechanical designer; only when the device of bending was put into operation, some faults appeared, namely that its parts during the operation has been elastically deformed. For the construction of the elastically yielding parts, the finite element method was used to study the behavior of the tool. Following the FEA analysis, it was concluded that the dimensions and material from which those pieces had been built had to be changed. By making the new parts based on FEA calculations, they no longer elastically yield (elastic deformation less than 0.1%), so the device is accepted by the customer.
Industrial processes efficiency and lower energy consumption initiatives through advanced retrofitting in the wood industry
Authors: Păltan R D , Biriș C , Rădulescu L A M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a modern manufacturing system for furniture production, raw material and material, energy and information flows are directly interconnected to obtain competitive products while increasing the productivity, profitability and environmental performance of the enterprise. In the wood industry manufacturing system, raw wood undergoes physical and biological transformation processes (drying and transformation of the biological properties of wood) as well as disruptive actions that are compensated by the order quantities. Energy as a resource has an important role to play in this production process, and it involves consuming a certain amount of energy. It is one of the biggest and costliest resources involved in the manufacturing process. The required energy is generally transmitted from the outside in the form of electric or thermal energy. From the energy input, only a part becomes useful energy, the rest representing energy losses. By reducing energy consumption, reversing energy losses and integrating materials and material losses into energy recovered through retrofitting, revenue and profit can increase, leading to an increase in employee satisfaction. The easier it is to maximize profits and lower the operating costs, the quicker is the recovery of the investments, and that will change in the operating mode in: “WORKING SMARTER NOT HARDER”.
Study on setting the structural components of the front compartment of the car body
Authors: Manea A M , Iozsa M D , Stan C , David V C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During a frontal impact at speeds exceeding 50 km/h, the deformation of the front compartment structure of the car body must absorb a large amount of the impact energy so that the passengers’ compartment remains as undeformed as possible. At low speeds, the structure of this compartment must be deformed so that the body structure and subassemblies in the engine compartment are less affected and the cost of repair is reduced. The paper presents a study on how to set the structural compartments of the front compartment to achieve the best impact at low speed impact. In this analysis is used a simplified model with finite elements of the front compartment structure, made with Ansys software. In order to study the behavior at the front impact and to set the stiffness of the characteristic areas, a series of tests at different low speeds were performed.
Thin-film coating; historical evolution, conventional deposition technologies, stress-state micro/nano-level measurement/models and prospects projection: a critical review
Authors: Mbam Stephen Ogbonna , Nwonu Sunday Emmanuel , Orelaja Oluseyi Adewale , Nwigwe Uzoma Samuel , Gou Xiao-Fan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several modern cutting edge technologies, including the superconducting technology, green energy generation/storage technology, and the emerging 5G networks technology, have some form of thin-film coatings. Hence, this critical review showcased the historical evolution, conventional deposition technologies with its application areas, growth modes, specific thin-film stress-state micro/nano-level measurement and models, and prospects projection of thin-film coatings. Specifically, the authors included simple schematics of the primary thin-film coating methods (chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition methods), growth modes, residual stress evolution behavior from valuable up to date models to enhance in-depth understanding of the underlying principles of thin-film coatings techniques and challenges. Also, the authors pointed out specific deficiencies in the reported thin-film stress measurement/models approaches. It is scientifically shown that no coating technique or model has superior results in all scenarios, selecting a suitable coating technique or model depends on the targeted materials and functions of the thin-film system. According to the evaluated reports, the societal demand and specific challenge in the fabrication/applications of thin-film systems indicated that thin-film coatings and its associated challenges would remain vibrant and active research areas for periods far into the future. Thus, this report would serve as a guide and reference material for potential researchers in these areas for a considerable time.
Mismatch Repair Protein Deficiency/Microsatellite Instability Is Rare in Cholangiocarcinomas and Associated With Distinctive Morphologies
Authors: Ju Jennifer Y , Dibbern Megan E , Mahadevan Mani S , Fan Jinbo , Kunk Paul R , Stelow Edward B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough germline mutations of mismatch repair (MMR) genes (Lynch syndrome) are not typically associated with cholangiocarcinomas, the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved the use of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors at all sites that show MMR deficiency or associated high microsatellite instability.MethodsWe analyzed 96 cases of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas for morphology using H&E and for MMR status using immunohistochemical staining. We submitted any results with MMR loss for microsatellite instability testing.ResultsWe found that 6% of samples showed MMR deficiency. The best predictive factor was a nontypical infiltrating pattern of invasion (P &lt; .0001). No patients with MMR deficiency had a history of a cancer typically associated with Lynch syndrome.ConclusionsSolid, mucinous, or signet-ring appearance of a cholangiocarcinoma should prompt MMR testing for immunotherapy options but should not necessarily raise concern about Lynch syndrome.