bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer Pricing and the Control of Internal Corporate Transactions
Authors: Brickley James , Smith Clifford , Zimmerman Jerold 
Published: March 2020

One potential weakness of all divisional profitability schemes is their inability to capture synergies among business units. One way of managing this problem is to design a transfer pricing scheme that attempts to assign common costs and benefits to different business units. What makes transfer pricing both so interesting, and such a challenge, is that the solution involves finding a way to encourage divisional managers whose pay is likely to depend on such transfer prices to reveal their private or unbiased information about the firm's costs in a way that serves the interest of the rest of the firm.With that end in view, the authors provide a general analytical framework for setting transfer prices and go on to discuss the costs and benefits of each of the most common transfer‐pricing methods: (1) market pricing; (2) marginal cost pricing; (3) full‐cost pricing; and (4) negotiated prices.
First responder’s care package on management of road traffic accident victims of Udupi: Study protocol
Authors: Vinish V. , Chakrabarty Jyothi , Vijayan Sandeep , Kulkarni Mahesh , Shashidhara Y.N. , Nayak Baby S. , George Anice 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of ‘first responder's care package’ on knowledge and skill on the management of road traffic accident (RTA) victims. The outcomes relate to the quality of first responder's care by autorickshaw drivers.MethodsAutorickshaw drivers (N = 1,040) will be assessed to identify the impediments and knowledge to provide the first responder's care to RTA victims following which, 150 autorickshaw drivers will be selected based on a cut‐off knowledge score to train half of them using workshops. Drivers below 55 years and willing to participate will be recruited and drivers with serious health issues, homophobia and who cannot read English or Kannada will be excluded. Randomized controlled trial with repeated measures design will be adopted. Funding for the research is by the Indian Council of Medical Research and it is registered in the Clinical Trial Registry of India.DiscussionRoad traffic accidents are responsible for 85% of the total global mortality and 90% of the ‘Disability Adjusted Life Years’ in the developing countries amounting to an annual loss of $65 billion to $100 billion. India's rate of RTA deaths is high and postcrash care is not addressed efficiently by any agencies in India. Autorickshaw drivers could be ideal candidates for teaching the first responder's care package in India as they are a constant presence on the roads and reach all the main roads and small lanes of the country.ImpactThe research will add to knowledge on quality of first responder's care provided to accident victims. If the intervention is found to be fruitful for the accident victims of the locality, it can be recommended to be implemented all over the state.
Meta‐analysis of pulmonary vein isolation ablation for atrial fibrillation conventional vs low‐ and zero‐fluoroscopy approaches
Authors: Huang Henry D. , Abid Qurrat‐ul‐ain , Ravi Venkatesh , Sharma Parikshit , Larsen Timothy , Krishnan Kousik , Trohman Richard G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionRadiation exposure during catheter ablation procedures is a significant hazard for both patients and operators. Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures have been historically associated with higher fluoroscopy usage than other electrophysiology procedures. Recent efforts have been made to reduce dependence on fluoroscopy during pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation procedures using alternative techniques.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of studies comparing zero or low fluoroscopy (LF) vs conventional fluoroscopy (CF) approaches for AF ablation. Outcomes of interest included acute and 12‐month procedural efficacy, safety, procedure duration, fluoroscopy time, and dose area product. Aggregated data were analyzed with random‐effects models, using a Bayesian hierarchical approach.ResultsA total of 2228 participants (LF, n = 1190 vs CF, n = 1038) from 15 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Risk of AF recurrence in 12 months (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.343 [0.771‐2.340]; P = .297), redo‐ablation procedures (OR [95% CI] = 0.521 [0.198‐1.323]; P = .186), and procedural complications (OR [95% CI] = 0.99 [0.485‐2.204]; P = .979) were similar between LF‐ and CF‐ablation groups. In comparison to CF ablation, LF ablation led to shorter procedure duration (weighted mean differences [WMDs] [95% CI] = −14.6 minutes [−22.5 to −6.8]; P < .001), fluoroscopy time (WMD [95% CI] = −8.8 minutes [−11.9 to −5.9]; P < .001), and dose area product (WMD [95% CI] = −1946 mGy/cm2 [−2685 to 1207]; P < .001).ConclusionLF approaches have similar clinical efficacy and safety as CF approaches for PVI. LF approaches are associated with shorter procedure time, fluoroscopy usage, and dose area product during PVI.
Evaluating food safety and hygiene knowledge and practices among foodservice staff of feeding scheme in the primary schools in Soweto, South Africa
Authors: Mgqibandaba Pretty Z. , Madilo Felix K. , Du‐Preez Cornelia J. , Mjoka Joanne , Unathi Kolanisi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe study was to evaluate the food safety knowledge and hygiene practices among food handlers. A total of 42 food handlers in 13 basic schools under the School Feeding Scheme, Soweto, South Africa were recruited for the study using purposive and convenience sampling methods for the respondents and institutions, respectively. A piloted self‐administered questionnaire was used. All the respondents were female (100%) with the majority being between the ages of 31 and 40 (40%) and had secondary education (63%). About (90.5%) of the respondents indicated that food safety is very important. Frequent hand washing (95.2%); cleaning and sanitizing knives/cutting boards (95.3%); checking best before date (92.8); keeping kitchen surfaces clean (80.9%) among others were indicated as very important food safety and hygiene practices. However, they failed to agree that frozen foods, particularly meat are to be thawed using room temperature (4.8%) and also in the lower shelf in the refrigerators (26.2) as the best practices. Spearman's correlation coefficient revealed that no correlation exists between food safety knowledge and hygiene practices (p< .05), but strong correlations among educational levels, knowledge, and practices (p< .05). Hence, training and workshops particularly in hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) is needed to cover‐up the lapses.
Nogo receptor antagonist LOTUS exerts suppression on axonal growth‐inhibiting receptor PIR‐B
Authors: Kurihara Yuji , Takai Toshiyuki , Takei Kohtaro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDamaged axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system have a restricted regenerative capacity mainly because of Nogo protein, which is a major myelin‐associated axonal growth inhibitor with binding to both receptors of Nogo receptor‐1 (NgR1) and paired immunoglobulin‐like receptor (PIR)‐B. Lateral olfactory tract usher substance (LOTUS) exerts complete suppression of NgR1‐mediated axonal growth inhibition by antagonizing NgR1. However, the regulation of PIR‐B functions in neurons remains unknown. In this study, protein–protein interactions analyses found that LOTUS binds to PIR‐B and abolishes Nogo‐binding to PIR‐B completely. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry revealed that PIR‐B is expressed in dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) from wild‐type and Ngr1‐deficient mice (male and female). In these DRG neurons, Nogo induced growth cone collapse and neurite outgrowth inhibition, but treatment with the soluble form of LOTUS completely suppressed them. Moreover, Nogo‐induced growth cone collapse and neurite outgrowth inhibition in Ngr1‐deficient DRG neurons were neutralized by PIR‐B function‐blocking antibodies, indicating that these Nogo‐induced phenomena were mediated by PIR‐B. Our data show that LOTUS negatively regulates a PIR‐B function. LOTUS thus exerts an antagonistic action on both receptors of NgR1 and PIR‐B. This may lead to an improvement in the defective regeneration of axons following injury.
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Audiogenic kindling activates expression of vasopressin in the hypothalamus of Krushinsky‐Molodkina rats genetically prone to reflex epilepsy
Authors: Harbachova Eugenia L. , Chernigovskaya Elena V. , Glazova Margarita V. , Nikitina Liubov S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study analysed the effects of audiogenic kindling on the functional state of the vasopressinergic system of Krushinsky‐Molodkina (KM) rats. KM rats represent a genetic model of audiogenic reflex epilepsy. Multiple audiogenic seizures in KM rats lead to the involvement of the limbic structures and neocortex in the epileptic network. The phenomenon of epileptic activity that overspreads from the brain stem to the forebrain is called audiogenic kindling and represents a model of limbic epilepsy. In the present study, audiogenic kindling was induced by 25 repetitive audiogenic seizures (AGS) with 1 AGS per day. A proportion of KM rats did not express AGS to sound stimuli, and these rats were characterised as the AGS‐resistant group. The data demonstrated that audiogenic kindling did not change activity of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 or cAMP response element‐binding protein, although it led to an increase in vasopressin (VP) expression in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and in the magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Additionally, we observed a decrease in GABAergic innervation of the hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurones after audiogenic kindling, whereas glutamatergic innervation of the SON and PVN was not altered. By contrast, analysis of AGS‐resistant KM rats did not reveal any changes in the activity of the VP‐ergic system, confirming that the activation of VP expression was caused by repetitive AGS expression, rather than by repetitive acoustic stress. Thus, we suggest that overspread of epileptiform activity in the brain is the main factor that affects VP expression in the hypothalamic magnocellular neurones.
Celastrol ameliorates endoplasmic stress-mediated apoptosis of osteoarthritis via regulating ATF-6/CHOP signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Da Dong , Zhang Ben Li , Yang Ji Bin , Zhou Kunpeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease with the pathological features of the reduced cartilage cellularity. Celastrol, a compound from Tripterygium wilfordii, exerted therapeutic effects on arthritis, but the potential mechanism remains unclear.

Methods
Tunicamycin was used to establish a model of OA in vitro, and ACLT surgery model in rats was applied to verify the mechanism. Chondrocytes were isolated from the knee articular cartilage of rabbit. MTT and flow cytometry assay were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis rate. Haematoxylin–eosin staining was used to assess for the histopathological changes. The activity and expression of apoptosis-related factors and ERs (endoplasmic reticulum stress)-related factors were detected by ELISA, WB, PCR and IHC, respectively.

Key findings
Celastrol exhibited significant enhancement on cell viability and reduced the rate of apoptosis in Tm-exposed chondrocytes. Celastrol reduced enzyme activity and protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-6 and caspase-9, decreased Bip, Atf6, Chop and Xbp-1 expression both at protein and mRNA levels. Celastrol showed a more significant effect on cell apoptosis rate and mRNA expression in the combination with 4-PBA.

Conclusions
This study reveals that celastrol may prevent OA by inhibiting the ERs-mediated apoptosis. All these might supply beneficial hints for celastrol on OA treatment.
The dual roles of melatonin biosynthesis enzymes in the coordination of melatonin biosynthesis and autophagy in cassava
Authors: Wei Yunxie , Bai Yujing , Cheng Xiao , Zhu Binbin , Reiter Russel J. , Shi Haitao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBoth autophagy and melatonin play important roles in plant development and stress response. However, the direct correlation between autophagy and melatonin as well as the underlying mechanism remains elusive in plants. In this study, we discovered that the expression of three autophagy‐associated genes (MeATG8b, 8c, and 8e) and autophagic activity were induced by exogenous melatonin treatment in cassava. In addition, three melatonin biosynthesis enzymes (tryptophan decarboxylase 2 (MeTDC2), N‐aceylserotonin O‐methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2), and MeASMT3) positively regulate endogenous melatonin level and autophagic activity. Further investigation showed that these melatonin biosynthesis enzymes interacted with MeATG8b/8c/8e in vivo and in vitro. Consistently, MeTDC2, MeASMT2, and MeASMT3 also positively regulate endogenous melatonin level and autophagic activity in cassava. Notably, overexpression of MeATG8b, 8c, and 8e facilitated the protein expression level of MeTDC2, MeASMT2, and MeASMT3 in vivo. Taken together, melatonin synthesis enzymes (MeTDC2, MeASMT2/3) interact with MeATG8b/8c/8e and thus coordinate the dynamics of melatonin biosynthesis and autophagic activity in cassava, highlighting the links between melatonin biosynthesis and autophagic activity in cassava.
Effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) on in vitro ruminal antioxidant capacity and fermentation patterns of sheep
Authors: Petrič Daniel , Mravčáková Dominika , Kucková Katarína , Čobanová Klaudia , Kišidayová Svetlana , Cieslak Adam , Ślusarczyk Sylwester , Váradyová Zora 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of dry medicinal plants (wormwood, chamomile, fumitory and mallow) and dietary substrates containing a mix of the plants on the end products of in vitro ruminal and intestinal fermentation, rumen protozoan population and ruminal antioxidant capacity of sheep. The experiment consisted of fermentations with the four plants used individually as the sole substrate and fermentation of a mix of medicinal plants (Plants): meadow hay:barley grain (MH:B), 700/300 w/w and Plants:MH:B, 100/600/300 w/w/w. The experiment was conducted using the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) with 35 ml of buffered inocula and approximately 250 mg (DM basis) of substrate incubated for 24 hr at 39°C in anaerobic conditions. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds by ultra‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry in Plants identified three main groups: flavonoids (22 mg/g DM), phenolic acids (15 mg/g DM) and alkaloids (3 mg/g DM). The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the plant extracts and rumen fluid was analysed using a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The values of total and individual short‐chain fatty acids, acetate:propionate ratio, pH and total gas production were significantly affected by the single plant substrates and inocula (p < .001). Apart from these parameters, the values of ammonia N, methane production and total gas produced were decreased in Plants:MH:B in comparison with MH:B (p < .001). A positive correlation was recorded between total polyphenols content and TAC of plant extracts (R2 = .778, p < .001). The counts of the total ciliate protozoan population in rumen fluid after 24 hr of fermentation were not significantly different (p > .05). Results suggest that the dietary substrate containing the medicinal plant mix possessed strong ruminal antioxidant capacity, had the potential to reduce methane emission and ammonia concentration and caused desirable changes in the gastrointestinal ecosystem.
Three‐dimensional measurement and analysis of mandibular characteristics in subjects with impacted mandibular second molars
Authors: Fan Wei , Gao Deguo , Wang Yuting , Chen Yutong , Li Yusheng , Lu Shijun , Wang Zhendong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the morphological characteristics of the mandible in subjects with impacted mandibular second molars by measuring and analysing the mandible in three dimensions.Setting and Sample PopulationIn this retrospective study, the data of a total of 52 609 subjects who underwent cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) for diagnosis and treatment were reviewed. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 183 subjects with impacted mandibular second molars and 176 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included.MethodsA retrospective case‐control study was designed. The 183 subjects were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1) comprised 120 patients with unilaterally impacted mandibular second molars, and group 2 (G2) comprised 63 patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular second molars. Group 3 (G3) contained 176 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The mandible was reconstructed with nineteen landmarks using Mimics software. Twelve linear lengths and 3 angles were measured.ResultsThe bilateral germination gap, mandibular body width and gonion width in G1 were significantly lower than those in G3 (P < .05), while the gnathion angle and first molar width values in G1 were significantly higher than those in G3 (P < .05). The results in G2 were similar to those in G1, but the differences between G2 and G3 were greater than those between G1 and G3. There were no significant differences in the other measurements among the groups.ConclusionThe mandibles of the subjects with impacted second molars were constricted in terms of the sagittal length and transverse width.
Maternal common mental disorder over time and asthma control: The role of social support
Authors: da Costa Auxiliadora Damianne Pereira Vieira , dos Santos Leticia Marques , Feitosa Caroline Alves , de Miranda Claudio Torres 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite therapeutic advances, asthma prevalence remains high. Psychosocial factors, including maternal mental disorders, may be involved. This study aims to evaluate the association of maternal common mental disorders (CMDs) and their change over time with asthma morbidity in the child and to observe the effect of social support on this association.MethodsThis prospective study involved 189 dyads of mothers and their asthmatic children aged between 2 and 14 years, assisted in specialized outpatient clinics. We measured the association of maternal CMD evolution (absent, maintained, or improved over time) with asthma control and visits to the emergency department (ED) due to asthma attacks through Poisson regression analysis. We further stratified the sample according to social support levels to identify a possible effect of this variable on the association of maternal psychological symptoms with asthma morbidity.ResultsCompared with mothers who maintained CMD over time, maternal CMD absence had a protective effect on the occurrence of visits to the ED (RR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.26‐0.79) and maternal CMD improvement was associated with lower risk of uncontrolled asthma in the child (RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.37‐0.97). There was a stronger association of maternal CMD improvement with asthma control in the child only for the stratum of mothers with high social support in its three dimensions (affective‐social interaction, emotional‐informational, and material dimensions).ConclusionsMaternal CMD absence and improvement over the study period were protective factors for uncontrolled asthma in the child, mainly in the presence of high social support.
Ibrutinib for the treatment of chronic graft‐vs‐host disease in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: A single‐center experience
Authors: Teusink‐Cross Ashley , Davies Stella M. , Grimley Michael S. , Chandra Sharat , Flannery Amanda , Dandoy Christopher E. , Nelson Adam S. , Marsh Rebecca A. , Jacoby Brandon , Lane Adam , Khandelwal Pooja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractcGVHD is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after transplant. Ibrutinib has been studied as treatment for cGVHD in the adult population. Pediatric dosing and safety of ibrutinib are unknown. We conducted a retrospective review on the use of ibrutinib in 22 children with cGVHD at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. All patients received a dose of 250 mg/m2 orally, once daily. Responses were measured at 6 months after drug initiation using the 2014 NIH consensus panel response criteria. Twenty‐two patients of median age 13.5 years received ibrutinib. cGVHD grades were severe (n = 15), moderate (n = 6), and mild (n = 1). Eight patients stopped ibrutinib prior to 3 months due to adverse events or death and could not be evaluated for 6‐month response. Of the 14 evaluable patients, 12 achieved a partial response at 6 months and two patients had progressive disease. Seven evaluable patients with lung involvement had stable lung function at 6 months. One patient had EBV reactivation, and one patient developed pneumococcal sepsis despite appropriate prophylaxis while on ibrutinib therapy. No fungal infections occurred while on ibrutinib. Adverse events leading to discontinuation included recurrent fevers without a source, extensive bruising, oral bleeding, gastrointestinal distress, lower GI bleeding, dizziness, elevated transaminases, and pneumococcal sepsis. Ibrutinib administration of 250 mg/m2 oral daily shows promising responses in pediatric cGVHD. Pediatric‐focused pharmacokinetic‐directed studies are needed to establish optimal dosing and define efficacy in children.
Moving beyond belief: A narrative review of potential biomarkers for transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Burger Andreas Michael , D’Agostini Martina , Verkuil Bart , Van Diest Ilse 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a non‐invasive neurostimulation technique that is currently being tested as a potential treatment for a myriad of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the working mechanisms underlying tVNS are poorly understood and it remains unclear whether stimulation activates the vagus nerve for every participant. Finding a biological marker of tVNS is imperative, as it can help guide research on clinical applications and can inform researchers on optimal stimulation sites and parameters to further optimize treatment efficacy. In this narrative review, we discuss five potential biomarkers for tVNS and review currently available evidence for these markers for both invasive and tVNS. While some of these biomarkers hold promise from a theoretical perspective, none of the potential biomarkers provide clear and definitive indications that tVNS increases the vagal activity or augments activity in the locus coeruleus‐noradrenaline network. We conclude the review by providing several recommendations for how to tackle the challenges and opportunities when researching potential biomarkers for the effects of tVNS.
Cytologic appearance of hibernoma in two dogs
Authors: Piccione Julie , Dial Sharon M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHibernomas are rare benign tumors of brown fat (adipose tissue) that have been reported in several different species. The cytologic characterization of these tumors has not been described in dogs. In this case report, we describe two dogs with hibernomas, focusing on the cytologic appearance of these unique neoplasms. Both cytologic specimens were highly cellular and predominated by vacuolated neoplastic cells with no evidence of concurrent inflammation. The cells contained a moderate to large number of variably sized cytoplasmic vacuoles, with occasional, irregularly shaped pink granular material. Most cells contained a single nucleus; however, cells displayed moderate anisokaryosis. A biopsy with histologic examination was performed in both cases, confirming the cytologic suspicion of hibernoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both tumors were positive for UCP1 and vimentin, and negative for cytokeratin. Hibernoma is an important differential diagnosis in dogs with conjunctival and periocular swellings that exfoliate numerous, mildly atypical, vacuolated cells.