bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of silver oxide nanoparticles on a bacterial consortium isolated from the sediment of the Gulf of Mexico in removing carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Oubre Christopher , Boopathy Raj 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) use in engineering, medicine, cosmetics, personal care products, and manufacturing is becoming more common resulting in a significant increase in accumulation in biological systems and have been shown to have disruptive and antimicrobial effects. Nanoparticle accumulation will disrupt the natural biogeochemical cycles such as carbon and nitrogen cycles by inhibiting microbes that participate in these cycles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of silver oxide nanoparticles on carbon and nitrogen cycles in the sediment bacteria isolated from the Gulf of Mexico of the coast of the state of Louisiana in the USA. A bacterial consortium developed from the coastal Louisiana was exposed to various concentrations of silver oxide nanoparticles. The results showed that the silver oxide NP at concentrations 4 mg/L or above were lethal to the bacteria, and bacterial growth was inhibited resulting in significant loss of carbon and nitrogen removal activities of the bacterial consortium. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of silver oxide NP for the coastal bacteria was found to be 3.07 mg/L. The bacterial consortium was stressed at higher doses above 2 mg/L of NP leading to excess production of extracellular polymeric substances.
Drivers of regional soil water storage memory and persistence
Authors: Jacobs Elin M. , Bertassello Leonardo E. , Rao P. Suresh C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoil water storage dynamics link landscape and climate processes with consequent impacts on hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles, and on ecosystem functions. We explore regional‐scale, spatiotemporal dynamics of root‐zone soil water storage using spatially explicit, long‐term simulations from a land data assimilation system over an area of ∼2 million km2 in the U.S. Midwest. We synthesize the dataset to examine spatial patterns of hydroclimatic forcing and soil and vegetation properties to identify the key drivers of soil water storage across the region. To identify differences in temporal hydrologic variability between sites with different soil and vegetation characteristics, we focus on daily data from 10 locations, representative of three major land cover types in the region. We use the concepts of (a) soil water memory to evaluate differences in landscape buffering of rainfall and (b) persistence to evaluate the threshold‐crossing properties of statistically defined “wet” and “dry” soil water conditions. Power spectral analyses of soil water storage reveal that regionally consistent patterns emerge in memory at multiple temporal scales. Threshold‐crossing analyses reveal corresponding similarity in persistence between sites. The analyses show that stochastic rainfall is the key driver of landscape hydrologic dynamics, with rainfall frequency as the primary determinant of persistence across the region, whereas differences in land cover and soil properties across the region have second‐order influence. The synthesis approach we present here is useful for ecological and agricultural risk assessments of climate change impacts, including increasing frequency of extreme events such as droughts and floods, but primarily points to the need for better understanding of future precipitation changes.
Restructuring the Relationship
Authors: Ramia Gaby 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter deals with the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, when Australia and New Zealand diverged more markedly than they had at any previous point. In New Zealand, the arbitration system was watered down, and the Employment Contracts Act, a radical experiment in decentralisation, was introduced in 1991. There were also major cuts in the level of many welfare state benefits and services in the early 1990s. In Australia restructuring was more subject to negotiation at the peak national level. The Arbitration Commission remained central as part of a neo-corporatist approach to social protection under a Prices and Incomes Accord. The chapter finds that most of the factors that were important to explaining overriding similarities in previous periods were equally responsible in this period for relatively profound differences.
On Exponential Densities and Limit Ratios of Subsets of $${\mathbb {N}}$$
Authors: Li J. , Olsen L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGiven$$\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma \in [0,1]$$α,β,γ∈[0,1]with$$\alpha \le \beta $$α≤β, we prove that there exists a subset of$${\mathbb {N}}$$Nsuch that its lower and upper exponential densities and its lower and upper limit ratios are equal to$$\alpha $$α,$$\beta $$β,$$\gamma $$γand 1, respectively. This result provides an affirmative answer to an open problem posed by Grekos et al. (Unif Distrib Theory 6:117–130, 2011).
Genes regulating hormone stimulus and response to protein signaling revealed differential expression pattern during porcine oocyte in vitro maturation, confirmed by lipid concentration
Authors: Chermuła Błażej , Jeseta Michal , Sujka-Kordowska Patrycja , Konwerska Aneta , Jankowski Maurycy , Kranc Wiesława , Kocherova Ievgeniia , Celichowski Piotr , Antosik Paweł , Bukowska Dorota , Milakovic Irena , Machatkova Marie , Pawelczyk Leszek , Iżycki Dariusz , Zabel Maciej , Mozdziak Paul , Kempisty Bartosz , Piotrowska-Kempisty Hanna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenes influencing oocyte maturation may be valuable for predicting their developmental potential, as well as discerning the mechanistic pathways regulating oocyte development. In the presented research microarray gene expression analysis of immature and in vitro matured porcine oocytes was performed. Two groups of oocytes were compared in the study: before (3 × n = 50) and after in vitro maturation (3 × n = 50). The selection of viable oocytes was performed using the brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) test. Furthermore, microarrays and RT-qPCR was used to analyze the transcriptome of the oocytes before and after IVM. The study focused on the genes undergoing differential expression in two gene-ontology groups: “Cellular response to hormone stimulus” and “Cellular response to unfolded protein”, which contain genes that may directly or indirectly be involved in signal transduction during oocyte maturation. Examination of all the genes of interest showed a lower level of their expression after IVM. From the total number of genes in these gene ontologies ten of the highest change in expression were identified: FOS, ID2, BTG2, CYR61, ESR1, AR, TACR3, CCND2, EGR2 and TGFBR3. The successful maturation of the oocytes was additionally confirmed with the use of lipid droplet assay. The genes were briefly described and related to the literature sources, to investigate their potential roles in the process of oocyte maturation. The results of the study may serve as a basic molecular reference for further research aimed at improving the methods of oocyte in vitro maturation, which plays an important role in the procedures of assisted reproduction.
Protein expression pattern of the molecular chaperone Mdg1/ERdj4 during embryonic development
Authors: Daverkausen-Fischer Lea , Motyl-Eisemann Myriam , Draga Margarethe , Scaal Martin , Pröls Felicitas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe vertebrate-specific co-chaperone Mdg1/ERdj4, which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, controls the folding and degradation of proteins. We characterized its protein pattern during chick embryonic development. During early development, Mdg1/ERdj4 protein is present in mesenchymal and epithelial cells. In mesenchymal cells, it has a salt and pepper pattern. In contrast, during epithelial tissue differentiation, Mdg1/ERdj4 marks the basal and/or apical compartment of epithelial linings. The distinct protein pattern in epithelial tissue might point to its role in organizing and maintaining the epithelial structure. This could be achieved, e.g. by controlling folding and secretion of membrane-bound receptors or by inhibiting the IRE1α–Xbp1s–SNAI1/2-induced mesenchymalization. High Mdg1/ERdj4 protein levels are maintained in tissue with sustained secretory activity as in ependymal cells or enterocytes, substantiating its important role for secretion. We conclude that the transient elevation of Mdg1/ERdj4 protein levels controls the differentiation of epithelial linings while constitutive high levels are closely linked to secretory activity.
Custom foot orthoses improve performance, but do not modify the biomechanical manifestation of fatigue, during repeated treadmill sprints
Authors: Girard Olivier , Morin Jean-Benoit , Ryu Joong Hyun , Van Alsenoy Ken 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We determined the effect of custom foot orthotics manufactured from ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) and expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials, both compared to a control condition (CON; shoes only) during repeated sprints on running mechanical alterations.

Methods
Eighteen males performed eight, 5-s sprints with 25-s recovery on an instrumented sprint treadmill in three footwear conditions (EVA, TPU and CON). Mechanical data consisted of continuous (step-by-step) measurement of running kinetics and kinematics, which were averaged for each sprint for further analysis.

Results
Distance ran in 5 s decreased from first to last sprint (P < 0.001), yet with higher sprints 1–8 values for both EVA (P = 0.004) and TPU (P = 0.018) versus CON. Regardless of footwear condition, mean horizontal forces, step frequency, vertical and leg stiffness decreased from sprint 1 to sprint 8 (all P < 0.001). Duration of the propulsive phase was globally shorter for both EVA (P = 0.002) and TPU (P = 0.021) versus CON, while braking phase duration was similar (P = 0.919). In the horizontal direction, peak propulsive (P < 0.001), but not braking (P = 0.172), forces also decreased from sprint 1 to sprint 8, independently of conditions.

Conclusion
Compared to shoe only, wearing EVA or TPU custom foot orthotics improved repeated treadmill sprint ability, yet provided similar fatigue-induced changes in mechanical outcomes.
A combined histo-score based on tumor differentiation and lymphocytic infiltrate is a robust prognostic marker for mobile tongue cancer
Authors: Bjerkli Inger-Heidi , Hadler-Olsen Elin , Nginamau Elisabeth Sivy , Laurvik Helene , Søland Tine M. , Costea Daniela Elena , Uhlin-Hansen Lars , Steigen Sonja E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe wanted to evaluate the prognostic value of common histopathological variables in a large cohort of patients with cancer in the mobile tongue as such information can be important for treatment stratification of the individual patient, especially for patients with low-stage disease. In addition, we wanted to investigate whether an alternative scoring model with fewer options would compromise the prognostic value. One hundred fifty patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas that were treated in curative intent and with available HE-stained tumor sections were included. We reclassified all tumors and performed univariate and multivariate survival analyses of histopathological and clinical variables. For the complete cohort, lymph node status, grade of differentiation, perineural infiltration, and lymphocytic infiltration were independent prognosticators. In the low-stage disease group, independent prognostic factors were tumor size, grade of differentiation, and lymphocytic infiltrate. For patients with low-stage disease, a histo-score combining the scores for tumor differentiation and lymphocytic infiltrate identified a group of patients with particularly low survival, as patients with moderately or poorly differentiated tumors and little lymphocytic infiltrate had a less favorable 5-year survival outcome than patients in the high-stage disease group. This study shows that a histo-score combining tumor differentiation and lymphocytic infiltration should be given special consideration in treatment planning. Our results also illustrate that many variables can be scored with fewer options than previously suggested to increase their reproducibility, and still maintain their prognostic value.
Über die Problematik der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung aufgrund von Fallbeschreibungen – ethische Implikationen am Beispiel eines Falls von Carmi Syndrom
Authors: Muensterer Oliver J. , Paul Norbert W. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungBei extrem seltenen Erkrankungen bilden Fallbeschreibungen oft die einzige Datengrundlage für klinische Entscheidungen. Das Carmi Syndrom ist eine seltene Kombination von Epidermolysis bullosa und Pylorusatresie. Während der Betreuung einer betroffenen Patientin fielen unterschiedliche Wahrnehmungen über die publizierten Mortalitätsraten auf. Daraufhin wurde die Hypothese untersucht, ob sich die kumulativen Mortalitätsraten von Einzelfallbeschreibungen und Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen unterscheiden, um so eine mögliche Verzerrung der Prognose in ihren Auswirkungen auf klinische und ethische Einschätzungen des Falls zu überprüfen.Ein Mädchen wurde in der Schwangerschaftswoche 33 mit Carmi Syndrom geboren. Zusammen mit dem klinischen Ethikkomitee wurden Behandlungsoptionen diskutiert, einschließlich einer palliativen Behandlung oder einer operativen Gastrojejunostomie. Da etwa ein Drittel der in Fallbeschreibungen publizierten Kinder nach einer Operation überlebten, entschieden wir uns auch vor dem Hintergrund unsicherer Prognosen für das chirurgische Vorgehen. Die Patientin starb 4 Wochen später nach multiplen Komplikationen.Die Datenbank PubMed wurde nach Publikationen über Carmi Syndrom durchsucht. Das Outcome von Einzelfallbeschreibungen wurde mit dem von Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen verglichen.Insgesamt wurden 102 Fälle von Carmi Syndrom identifiziert. Die Mortalität bei Einzelfallbeschreibungen belief sich auf 17 von 27 Fällen (63 %), während 62 von 74 Patienten von Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen starben (84 %,p = 0,036).Beim Carmi Syndrom unterscheidet sich die publizierte Mortalität zwischen Einfach- und Mehrfachfallbeschreibungen, möglicherweise aufgrund einer Kombination von Selektions- und Publikationsbias. Die Unterschätzung der tatsächlichen Mortalitätsrate kann zu unangebracht intensiven Therapieansätzen führen. Kliniker und Ethiker sollten daher vorsichtig sein, ihre Entscheidungen bei seltenen oder neuartigen Erkrankungen auf kumulative Erfahrungen von Fallbeschreibungen, insbesondere von Einzelfallbeschreibungen, zu basieren, die positive Verläufe von Behandlungen zu betonen scheinen.
Incrementally updating the high average-utility patterns with pre-large concept
Authors: Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Pirouz Matin , Djenouri Youcef , Cheng Chien-Fu , Ahmed Usman 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh-utility itemset mining (HUIM) is considered as an emerging approach to detect the high-utility patterns from databases. Most existing algorithms of HUIM only consider the itemset utility regardless of the length. This limitation raises the utility as a result of a growing itemset size. High average-utility itemset mining (HAUIM) considers the size of the itemset, thus providing a more balanced scale to measure the average-utility for decision-making. Several algorithms were presented to efficiently mine the set of high average-utility itemsets (HAUIs) but most of them focus on handling static databases. In the past, a fast-updated (FUP)-based algorithm was developed to efficiently handle the incremental problem but it still has to re-scan the database when the itemset in the original database is small but there is a high average-utility upper-bound itemset (HAUUBI) in the newly inserted transactions. In this paper, an efficient framework called PRE-HAUIMI for transaction insertion in dynamic databases is developed, which relies on the average-utility-list (AUL) structures. Moreover, we apply the pre-large concept on HAUIM. A pre-large concept is used to speed up the mining performance, which can ensure that if the total utility in the newly inserted transaction is within the safety bound, the small itemsets in the original database could not be the large ones after the database is updated. This, in turn, reduces the recurring database scans and obtains the correct HAUIs. Experiments demonstrate that the PRE-HAUIMI outperforms the state-of-the-art batch mode HAUI-Miner, and the state-of-the-art incremental IHAUPM and FUP-based algorithms in terms of runtime, memory, number of assessed patterns and scalability.
Enumerating extensions of mutually orthogonal Latin squares
Authors: Boyadzhiyska Simona , Das Shagnik , Szabó Tibor 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo $$n \times n$$

n
×
n

Latin squares $$L_1, L_2$$

L
1

,

L
2

are said to be orthogonal if, for every ordered pair (x, y) of symbols, there are coordinates (i, j) such that $$L_1(i,j) = x$$

L
1

(
i
,
j
)

=
x

and $$L_2(i,j) = y$$

L
2

(
i
,
j
)

=
y

. A k-MOLS is a sequence of k pairwise-orthogonal Latin squares, and the existence and enumeration of these objects has attracted a great deal of attention. Recent work of Keevash and Luria provides, for all fixed k, log-asymptotically tight bounds on the number of k-MOLS. To study the situation when k grows with n, we bound the number of ways a k-MOLS can be extended to a $$(k+1)$$

(
k
+
1
)

-MOLS. These bounds are again tight for constant k, and allow us to deduce upper bounds on the total number of k-MOLS for all k. These bounds are close to tight even for k linear in n, and readily generalise to the broader class of gerechte designs, which include Sudoku squares.
Living with Moral Disagreement
Authors: Crisp Roger 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that suspension of judgement is the appropriate response to disagreement about ultimate moral principles, and outlines the implications of such a response. It begins with an argument influenced by Sextus and Sidgwick for the rationality of suspension, and then illustrates fundamental disagreement with the case of promising. Replies are offered to the arguments against the rationality of suspension offered by Robert Audi in his discussion of moral perception. It is noted in particular that such rationality does not depend on the assumption that epistemic peerhood is widespread. The limited nature of ethical agreement is illustrated, along with the limited implications of disagreement if a less adversarial and more constructive ethical methodology is adopted.
Simultaneous Noise and Impedance Fitting to Transition-Edge Sensor Data Using Differential Evolution
Authors: Helenius A. P. , Puurtinen T. A. , Kinnunen K. M. , Maasilta I. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe discuss a robust method to simultaneously fit a complex multi-body model both to the complex impedance and the noise data for transition-edge sensors. It is based on a differential evolution (DE) algorithm, providing accurate and repeatable results with only a small increase in computational cost compared to the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Test fits are made using both DE and LM methods, and the results compared with previously determined best fits, with varying initial value deviations and limit ranges for the parameters. The robustness of DE is demonstrated with successful fits even when parameter limits up to a factor of 10 from the known values were used. It is shown that the least squares fitting becomes unreliable beyond a 10% deviation from the known values.
Performance evaluation of touchdown bearing using model-based approach
Authors: Neisi Neda , Heikkinen Janne , Sillanpää Teemu , Hartikainen Toni , Sopanen Jussi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the active magnetic bearings (AMBs) supported rotating machinery, touchdown bearings are considered as safety devices to support the rotor in the deficiency of electromagnetic field. Generally, the industrial AMB machines do not have force sensors for touchdown bearings and the system is only equipped with the position sensors to monitor the rotor displacement that disables the opportunity to measure the forces during dropdown events that might be destructive for the safe operation of the rotor system. This study explores the relative severity of dropdowns that are evaluated from a computational rotor model using the rotor displacement data recorded from the position sensors installed in the machine as an input. The model for double-row angular contact ball bearing type touchdown bearings is integrated with the rotor model. The simulation model is verified by comparing the simulated rotor orbits against measured orbits at four different dropdowns. The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used to observe the studied dropdown events in frequency domain revealing from the rotor response the following details: harmonics of the operation speed, rub-impact frequencies, pendulum motion of the rotor and the first two bending frequencies of the rotor settled on the touchdown bearings. The critical speed map also verifies the bending frequencies and identified support properties. The model-based approach can be used to evaluate and compare a single dropdown event with respect to previous events providing an insight for decision making whether touchdown bearing should be replaced.
Specific root respiration of three plant species as influenced by storage time and conditions
Authors: Lak Zana A. , Sandén Hans , Mayer Mathias , Rewald Boris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsSpecific root respiration (RRS) is a key root trait, determining i.e. nutrient foraging and uptake efficiencies. However, a considerable uncertainty exists regarding the effects of storage time and conditions on RRSmeasurements.MethodsFine root CO2efflux rates of three plant types (tree seedlingCarpinus betulus, legumePisum sativum, grassLolium perenne) were measured as depending on storage time (30–1440 min post-rinsing) and conditions (i.e. attached to plant, warm and cold water storage, and storage under dry conditions).ResultsShort-term storage conditions (30 min) had a significant effect on measured RRSrates, in specific, RRSrates of all three species were significantly lower under dry storage. Irrespective of plant species or temperature, storage of excised roots in water did not affect RRSfor 300 min,. RRSmeasurements remained stable for 1 day if roots were stored cold.ConclusionsOur results have important implications on measurement routines of RRS—a generally understudied root trait. Henceforth it seems reasonable to collect roots in the field and transport them, hydrated but even uncooled, to the laboratory for subsequent measurements for at least 300 min post-rinsing.
Blockchain technology in energy markets – An interview with the European Energy Exchange
Authors: Alt Rainer , Wende Erik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat is the impact of blockchain technology on electronic markets in the energy sector? In this interview with Electronic Markets, Dr. Tobias Paulun, chief strategy officer of the European Energy Exchange (EEX), explains where the leading European energy exchange recognizes potentials of blockchain technology compared to existing electronic platforms and which blockchain projects EEX is working on. In his view, the impact of blockchain technology depends on the respective market segment and on the availability of solutions for safeguarding guarantees of origin. He expects that established exchange systems and blockchain-based systems will coexist in this strongly regulated and specialized industry.
Artemyrianins A–G from Artemisia myriantha and Their Cytotoxicity Against HepG2 Cells
Authors: Tang Shuang , Ma Yun-Bao , Geng Chang-An , Shen Cheng , Li Tian-Ze , Zhang Xue-Mei , Su Li-Hua , Gao Zhen , Hu Jing , Chen Ji-Jun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Four new sesquiterpenoids, artemyrianins A–D (1–4), and three new norlignans, artemyrianins E–G (5–7), together with five known compounds (8–12), were isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia myriantha (Asteraceae). The new compounds were established by spectroscopic data analyses (HRMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR), and their absolute configurations were confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction or ECD calculations. The isolates showed cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with IC50 values ranging from 33.3 to 145.2 μM.

Graphic Abstract