bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioenergetics of the VO2 slow component between exercise intensity domains
Authors: Colosio Alessandro L. , Caen Kevin , Bourgois Jan G. , Boone Jan , Pogliaghi Silvia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring heavy and severe constant-load exercise, VO2 displays a slow component (VO2sc) typically interpreted as a loss of efficiency of locomotion. In the ongoing debate on the underpinnings of the VO2sc, recent studies suggested that VO2sc could be attributed to a prolonged shift in energetic sources rather than loss of efficiency. We tested the hypothesis that the total cost of cycling, accounting for aerobic and anaerobic energy sources, is affected by time during metabolic transitions in different intensity domains. Eight active men performed 3 constant load trials of 3, 6, and 9 min in the moderate, heavy, and severe domains (i.e., respectively below, between, and above the two ventilatory thresholds). VO2, VO2 of ventilation and lactate accumulation ([La−]) were quantified to calculate the adjusted oxygen cost of exercise (AdjO2Eq, i.e., measured VO2 − VO2 of ventilation + VO2 equivalent of [La−]) for the 0–3, 3–6, and 6–9 time segments at each intensity, and compared by a two-way RM-ANOVA (time × intensity). After the transient phase, AdjO2Eq was unaffected by time in moderate (ml*3 min−1 at 0–3, 0–6, 0–9 min: 2126 ± 939 < 2687 ± 1036, 2731 ± 1035) and heavy (4278 ± 1074 < 5121 ± 1268, 5225 ± 1123) while a significant effect of time was detected in the severe only (5863 ± 1413 < 7061 ± 1516 < 7372 ± 1443). The emergence of the VO2sc was explained by a prolonged shift between aerobic and anaerobic energy sources in heavy (VO2 − VO2 of ventilation: ml*3 min−1 at 0–3, 0–6, 0–9 min: 3769 ± 1128 < 4938 ± 1256, 5091 ± 1123, [La−]: 452 ± 254 < 128 ± 169, 79 ± 135), while a prolonged metabolic shift and a true loss of efficiency explained the emergence of the VO2sc in severe.
A Bayesian estimation method for variational phase-field fracture problems
Authors: Khodadadian Amirreza , Noii Nima , Parvizi Maryam , Abbaszadeh Mostafa , Wick Thomas , Heitzinger Clemens 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, we propose a parameter estimation framework for fracture propagation problems. The fracture problem is described by a phase-field method. Parameter estimation is realized with a Bayesian approach. Here, the focus is on uncertainties arising in the solid material parameters and the critical energy release rate. A reference value (obtained on a sufficiently refined mesh) as the replacement of measurement data will be chosen, and their posterior distribution is obtained. Due to time- and mesh dependencies of the problem, the computational costs can be high. Using Bayesian inversion, we solve the problem on a relatively coarse mesh and fit the parameters. In several numerical examples our proposed framework is substantiated and the obtained load-displacement curves, that are usually the target functions, are matched with the reference values.
Challenges in coupling atmospheric electricity with biological systems
Authors: Hunting Ellard R. , Matthews James , de Arróyabe Hernáez Pablo Fernández , England Sam J. , Kourtidis Konstantinos , Koh Kuang , Nicoll Keri , Harrison R. Giles , Manser Konstantine , Price Colin , Dragovic Snezana , Cifra Michal , Odzimek Anna , Robert Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe atmosphere is host to a complex electric environment, ranging from a global electric circuit generating fluctuating atmospheric electric fields to local lightning strikes and ions. While research on interactions of organisms with their electrical environment is deeply rooted in the aquatic environment, it has hitherto been confined to interactions with local electrical phenomena and organismal perception of electric fields. However, there is emerging evidence of coupling between large- and small-scale atmospheric electrical phenomena and various biological processes in terrestrial environments that even appear to be tied to continental waters. Here, we synthesize our current understanding of this connectivity, discussing how atmospheric electricity can affect various levels of biological organization across multiple ecosystems. We identify opportunities for research, highlighting its complexity and interdisciplinary nature and draw attention to both conceptual and technical challenges lying ahead of our future understanding of the relationship between atmospheric electricity and the organization and functioning of biological systems.
Characteristics and predicted outcome of patients lost to follow-up after degenerative lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Parai C. , Hägg O. , Willers C. , Lind B. , Brisby H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The relatively large number of participants lost to follow-up (attrition) in spinal registers calls for studies that investigate the features of these individuals and their possible outcome. The aim was to explore the effect of attrition on patient-reported outcome in patients undergoing degenerative lumbar spine surgery. Three groups were studied: spinal stenosis (LSS), disc herniation (LDH) and degenerative disc disorder (DDD).

Methods
Patients who underwent surgery for degenerative lumbar spine conditions during 2008–2012 according to registration in the Swespine national register were eligible for the study. Non-respondents were registered in Swespine prior to surgery, but not at follow-up. Swespine data were merged with hospital data from seven Swedish regions (65% of the population), Statistics Sweden, the National Patient Register and the Social Insurance Agency.
Baseline characteristics of non-respondents were described and compared to those of the respondents. Coefficients from regression analyses on PROM values for respondents were used to estimate the levels of PROM values for non-respondents, assuming the same effects of baseline characteristics for the two subgroups. Regression analyses were then conducted to identify variables associated with non-response. The results from the regression analyses were used to predict outcomes for patients with the characteristics of a non-respondent. Primary outcome variable in LSS and LDH was Global Assessment for leg pain, and in DDD, Global Assessment for back pain.

Results
Age, sex, educational level, smoking, living alone, being born outside the EU, previous spine surgery and unexpected events before follow-up were factors that were significantly associated with non-response. Being born inside, the EU was important in all of the studied groups (LSS: OR 0.61 p =  < 0.000; LDH: OR 0.68 p = 0.001; DDD: OR 0.58 p = 0.04). For spinal stenosis patients, an unexpected event appeared particularly important (OR 3.40, p = 0.000). The predicted outcome of non-respondents was significantly worse than for respondents (LSS: 75.4% successful outcome vs. 78.7%; LDH: 53.9% vs. 58.2%; DDD: 62.7% vs. 67.5%. P-value in all groups =  < 0.000).

Conclusion
Attrition in Swespine cannot be ignored, as non-respondents were predicted to have worse outcome. The effect of attrition bias should always be considered when contemplating outcome recorded in a quality register with patients lost to follow-up.
An estimation of the accuracy of the topoclimate range based on the land surface temperature with reference to a case study of the Drawa National Park, Poland
Authors: Półrolniczak Marek , Zwolska Aleksandra , Kolendowicz Leszek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTopoclimate depends on specifically local-scale climatic features caused by the interrelations between topography, water, soil, and land cover. The main purpose of this study is to identify, characterize, and delimit the range of topoclimate types at the Drawa National Park (DPN) and to estimate their accuracy while taking into consideration the thermal conditions of the land surface. Based on a set of digital maps, and with the use of the heat-balance Paszyński method, seven types of topoclimate were distinguished. Next, with the use of Landsat 8 and Terra satellite images, the DPN’s land surface temperature (LST) was calculated. The estimation of LST using the distinguished types of topoclimate allowed for determining their degree of quantity diversification as well as assessing the differences between those types. The obtained LST values indicated statistically significant differences between the medians of LST values for almost all of the distinguished topoclimate types, thereby confirming the suitability of the applied topoclimate determination procedure.
ESCAP practice guidance for autism: a summary of evidence-based recommendations for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Fuentes Joaquin , Hervás Amaia , Howlin Patricia ,   (ESCAP ASD Working Party)
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcross Europe, there is increased awareness of the frequency and importance of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is now recognised not only as a childhood disorder but as a heterogeneous, neurodevelopmental condition that persists throughout life. Services for individuals with autism and their families vary widely, but in most European countries, provision is limited. In 2018, European Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP) identified the need for a Practice Guidance document that would help to improve knowledge and practice, especially for individuals in underserviced areas. The present document, prepared by the ASD Working Party and endorsed by the ESCAP Board on October 3, 2019, summarises current information on autism and focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and treating this condition.
Quasi-Monte Carlo methods for two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programs
Authors: Leövey H. , Römisch W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider randomized QMC methods for approximating the expected recourse in two-stage stochastic optimization problems containing mixed-integer decisions in the second stage. It is known that the second-stage optimal value function is piecewise linear-quadratic with possible kinks and discontinuities at the boundaries of certain convex polyhedral sets. This structure is exploited to provide conditions implying that first and higher order terms of the integrand’s ANOVA decomposition (Math. Comp. 79 (2010), 953–966) have mixed weak first order partial derivatives. This leads to a good smooth approximation of the integrand and, hence, to good convergence rates of randomized QMC methods if the effective (superposition) dimension is low.
A skull of a very large crane from the late Miocene of Southern Germany, with notes on the phylogenetic interrelationships of extant Gruinae
Authors: Mayr Gerald , Lechner Thomas , Böhme Madelaine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe a partial skull of a very large crane from the early late Miocene (Tortonian) hominid locality Hammerschmiede in southern Germany, which is the oldest fossil record of the Gruinae (true cranes). The fossil exhibits an unusual preservation in that only the dorsal portions of the neurocranium and beak are preserved. Even though it is, therefore, very fragmentary, two morphological characteristics are striking and of paleobiological significance: its large size and the very long beak. The fossil is from a species the size of the largest extant cranes and represents the earliest record of a large-sized crane in Europe. Overall, the specimen resembles the skull of the extant, very long-beaked Siberian Crane,Leucogeranus leucogeranus, but its affinities within Gruinae cannot be determined owing to the incomplete preservation. Judging from its size, the fossil may possibly belong to the very large “Grus”pentelici, which stems from temporally and geographically proximate sites. The long beak of the Hammerschmiede crane conforms to an open freshwater paleohabitat, which prevailed at the locality.
Berufe und soziale Ungleichheit – Thematische Einführung und Inhalte des Sonderhefts
Authors: Ebner Christian , Haupt Andreas , Matthes Britta 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Untersuchung der Bedeutung des Berufs für die soziale Ungleichheit hat eine lange Tradition. In diesem einleitenden Beitrag werden die im hier vorliegenden Sonderheft der Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie gesammelten Aufsätze in den Kontext der bisherigen Berufsforschung gestellt. Der Anspruch des Sonderhefts besteht darin, Berufe nicht wie andernorts als „Blackbox“ zu betrachten, sondern explizit danach zu fragen, welche sozialen Mechanismen den Berufen ihre ungleichheitsrelevante Wirkung verleihen. Der erste Themenblock des Sonderhefts verschafft den Leserinnen und Lesern einen Zugang zu theoretischen Grundlagen und Messkonzepten im Forschungsfeld „Berufe und soziale Ungleichheit“. In den anschließenden Themenblöcken wird anhand konkreter Forschungsfragen aufgezeigt, welches Potenzial in der hier vorgestellten Perspektive auf Mechanismen im Themenfeld Berufe und soziale Ungleichheit steckt. Die Themenblöcke befassen sich mit Fragen von Berufswahl und beruflichen Karrieren, mit dem Zusammenhang von Berufen und Geschlechterungleichheit, mit der Bedeutung von Berufen im Kontext der Debatten um Migration und Zuwanderung sowie mit dem Thema Berufe im Zeitalter der Digitalisierung und Globalisierung. Dabei handelt es sich explizit um theoretisch fundierte, empirische Beiträge, die gleichzeitig die Vielfalt der für diese Art von Analysen verwendbaren Datengrundlagen und methodischen Zugänge aufzeigt.
Datenerhebung bei Mietspiegeln: Überblick und Einordnung aus Sicht der Statistik
Authors: Kauermann Göran , Windmann Michael , Münnich Ralf 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel diskutiert die verschiedenen Methoden bei der Datenerhebung von Mietspiegeln. Es werden Vor- und Nachteile der in der Praxis zu findenden Methoden diskutiert und aus dem statistischen Blickwinkel beleuchtet. Dabei gehen wir den drei Fragen nach: Wer wird befragt? Wie wird befragt? Wie erfolgt die Stichprobenziehung? Neben statistischen Aspekten werden die Mietspiegel der 30 größten Städte als Beispiel herangezogen, um aufzuzeigen, dass die angewandte Methodik in der Praxis sehr heterogen ist.
The mediational role of emotion regulation in the relationship between personality and subjective well-being
Authors: Kobylińska Dorota , Zajenkowski Marcin , Lewczuk Karol , Jankowski Konrad S. , Marchlewska Marta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this research we examined relationships between Big Five personality traits, emotion regulation strategies and subjective well-being. In two studies we explored the mediational role of habitual use of two regulation strategies: reappraisal and suppression in the relationship between personality traits and two aspects of well-being (i.e., life satisfaction and experience of positive affect and negative affect). In Study 1 (n = 233) we found that the most robust predictors of higher life satisfaction were higher extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability (lower neuroticism) and reappraisal, as well as lower suppression of emotions. We obtained similar pattern of results in Study 2 (n = 265) which showed that higher positive affect was significantly predicted by higher extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and reappraisal. Negative affect was negatively predicted only by emotional stability. Additional analyses indicated that suppression mediated the link between extraversion and life satisfaction, whereas reappraisal mediated associations of emotional stability with life satisfaction and positive affect. The studies reveal the role of emotion regulation for extraversion and emotional stability and their association with well-being.
Giere’s instrumental Perspectivism
Authors: Baker Kane 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen Ron Giere (1999, 2006) introduced perspectivism into philosophy of science, he provided a perspectivist analysis of both scientific instruments and scientific theorizing. Today, there is a burgeoning literature that extends Giere’s analysis of theorizing, with many philosophers examining the perspectivist approach to aspects of theorizing such as models, laws, explanations, and so on. However, relatively little attention has been paid to Giere’s analysis of instruments. In this article, I hope to fill this gap. I argue that the perspectivist analysis of instruments (“instrumental perspectivism”) should be rejected. First, I give a general account of the kind of instrumentation relevant to instrumental perspectivism, drawing on Cartwright’s notion of nomological machines, which forms the basis of my criticism of Giere’s argument for instrumental perspectivism. Next, I present the case against instrumental perspectivism. I argue that instrumental perspectivism is dependent on theoretical perspectivism in a way that robs it of philosophical significance, and that it introduces new puzzles while adding little to our understanding of instruments.
Neoteric approach for mitigation of fouling in membrane bioreactor utilizing green composites
Authors: Surappanahalli Rajanna Sowmya , Gattumane Motappa Madhu , Chengala Damodara Madhusoodana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurification of water is a critical and inevitable process at present to avoid the harmful effect of polluted water and to meet the need for safe drinking water to millions of people in the world. Several methods of water purification exist, but the combination of adsorption and filtration is found to be paramount in the water treatment process owing to the cost-effectiveness and efficacy of the process. The submerged ceramic membrane bioreactor, which includes both bioreactor and filtration system, is one of the most promising technologies effectively employed for water purification. The main hardship in using the membrane bioreactor system is the phenomena called fouling which decreases and gradually ceases the separation capacity of the membrane. The present work focuses on the reduction of fouling, thus increasing the efficacy of the membrane bioreactor system. The two green composite materials, chitosan beads with activated carbon (CH-AC) and cellulose acetate flakes with activated carbon (CA-AC), were used for the first time for reduction of fouling and found to be an excellent aid in the reduction of fouling. The composites synthesized were subjected to characterization using SEM, TEM and BET to study the physical properties of the composites. The optimum dosage of CH-AC and CA-AC for effective reduction of fouling was analysed. Thus, the present work imparts the novel, efficient, economical and eco-friendly solution for fouling reduction and also a significant improvement in the quality of effluent water.
Fisurectomy and anoplasty with botulinum toxin injection in patients with chronic anal posterior fissure with hypertonia: a long-term evaluation
Authors: D’Orazio Beatrice , Geraci Girolamo , Martorana Guido , Sciumé Carmelo , Corbo Giovanni , Di Vita Gaetano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic anal fissure’s (CAF) etiopathogenesis remain unclear. CAF of the posterior commissure (CAPF) are often characterized by internal anal sphincter (IAS) hypertonia. The treatment of this disease aimed to reduce IAS hypertonia. Due to the high rate of anal incontinence after LIS, the employment of sphincter preserving surgical techniques associated to pharmacological sphincterotomy appears more sensible. The aim of our study is to evaluate the long-term results of fissurectomy and anoplasty with V–Y cutaneous flap advancement associated to 30 UI of botulinum toxin injection for CAPF with IAS hypertonia. We enrolled 45 patients undergone to fissurectomy and anoplasty with V–Y cutaneous flap advancement and 30 UI botulinum toxin injection. All patients were followed up for at least 5 years after the surgical procedure, with evaluation of anal continence, recurrence rate and MRP (Maximum resting pressure), MSP (Maximum restricting pressure), USWA (Ultrasound wave activity). All patients healed within 40 days after surgery. We observed 3 “de novo” post-operative anal incontinence cases, temporary and minor; the pre-operative ones have only temporary worsened after surgery. We reported 3 cases of recurrences, within 2 years from surgery, all healed after conservative medical therapy. At 5 year follow-up post-operative manometric findings were similar to those of healthy subjects. At 5 years after the surgical procedure, we achieved good results, and these evidences show that surgical section of the IAS is not at all necessary for the healing process of the CAPF.
Single-step extraction–esterification process to produce biodiesel from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using microwave heating: a circular economy approach to making use of a difficult waste product
Authors: Davies Elis , Deutz Pauline , Zein Sharif H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis investigation explores single-step biodiesel synthesis using palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a feedstock. Normally considered a waste product from the extraction process of palm oil, POME treatment is difficult and can cause significant environmental pollution if discharged directly into watercourses. Fatty acids (FAs) present in POME were extracted and subsequently esterified in situ to FA methyl esters (FAME) suitable for use as biodiesel. The process of simultaneous extraction and esterification was performed under microwave irradiation in a sealed vessel, which has been shown to reduce both time of reaction and energy use considerably in other reactions. The simultaneous extraction and esterification result in an 89% yield of biodiesel from the available FAs in the POME solids. The facile separation of biodiesel products from the reaction mixture augments the process and here presented is a potential route to making economic use of this difficult feedstock.
Field experiments and public policy: festina lente
Authors: HARRISON GLENN W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current state of the art in field experiments does not give me any confidence that we should be assuming that we have anything worth scaling, assuming we really care about the expected welfare of those about to receive the instant intervention. At the very least, we should be honest and explicit about the need for strong priors about the welfare effects of changes in averages of observables to warrant scaling. What we need is a healthy dose of theory and the implied econometrics.
Higher Testing Coverage Associated With a Lower COVID-19 Mortality Rate: Insights From Italian Regions
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Moirano Giovenale , Anselmino Matteo , De Ferrari Gaetano Maria 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDifferent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) testing approaches have been implemented among Italian regions, reflected in heterogeneous testing rates. We analyzed the number of COVID-19-related deaths in relation to the number of tests performed among the most affected Italian regions. We showed that regions with the highest number of tests performed (Veneto and Toscana) had the lowest 30-day crude mortality rate per 100 000 inhabitants. In addition, an inverse association between crude mortality rates and tests performed (mortality rate ratio for a unit increase in tests per 1000 inhabitants: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89–0.94) was observed. Early identification and isolation of active cases (including asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic subjects) could have had an important effect in lowering COVID-19 mortality.
Lifting of Social Distancing Measures: Perspectives From Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Trang H.D. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWhile many nations are struggling to slow the transmission rate of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Vietnam has seen no new locally acquired cases since April 16. After implementing 22 d of nationwide social distancing, on April 23, the government of Vietnam announced the easing of social distancing measures. This allows the country to restart its socio-economic activities in a gradual, prudent manner. Domestic tourism and exports of agricultural and anti-COVID-19 medical products take priority over the other sectors in this postpandemic economic recovery. Importantly, the country needs to stay vigilant on the fight against the disease to prevent a possibility of another outbreak.