bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining Ultra‐High Drug‐Loaded Micelles and Injectable Hydrogel Drug Depots for Prolonged Drug Release
Authors: Lübtow Michael M. , Lorson Thomas , Finger Tamara , Gröber‐Becker Florian‐Kai , Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHydrogel‐based drug depot formulations are of great interest for therapeutic applications. While the biological activity of such drug depots is often characterized well, the influence of incorporated drug or drug‐loaded micelles on the gelation properties of the hydrogel matrix is less investigated. However, the latter is of great importance from fundamental and application points of view as it informs on the physicochemical interactions of drugs and water‐swollen polymer networks and it determines injectability, depot stability, as well as drug‐release kinetics. Here, the impact of incorporated drug, neat polymer micelles, and drug‐loaded micelles on the viscoelastic properties of a cytocompatible hydrogel is investigated systematically. To challenge the hydrogel with regard to the desired application as injectable drug depot, curcumin (CUR) is chosen as a model compound due to its very low‐water solubility and limited stability. CUR is either directly solubilized by the hydrogel or pre‐incorporated into polymer micelles. Interference of CUR with the temperature‐induced gelation process can be suppressed by pre‐incorporation into polymer micelles forming a binary drug delivery system. Drug release from a collagen matrix is studied in a trans‐well setup. Compared to direct injection of drug formulations, the hydrogel‐based systems show improved and extended drug release over 10 weeks.
Palm tree coplanar Vivaldi antenna for near field radar application
Authors: Nurhayati N. , De Oliveira Alexandre M. , Justo João F. , Setijadi Eko , Sukoco Bagus E. , Endryansyah E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Vivaldi antenna is an ultra‐wideband device that has high gain and directional radiation pattern. This paper performs a comparison of conventional, regular and exponential edges of a Palm Tree Vivaldi antenna that could operate in L and S band frequencies. The conventional coplanar Vivaldi antenna (C‐CVA), regular coplanar Vivaldi antenna (R‐CVA), exponential slot edge coplanar Vivaldi antenna (ESE‐CVA), regular antipodal Vivaldi antenna (R‐AVA) and exponential slot edge antipodal Vivaldi antenna (ESE‐AVA), all with the same dimensions, are compared in terms of reflection coefficient and radiation pattern performance. Gain improvement is achieved as 6.22, 7.64, 7.90, 7.92, and 10.74 dB at 3 GHz respectively for R‐AVA, ESE‐AVA, Convetional ‐ Coplanar Vivaldi Antenna, R‐CVA, and ESE‐CVA. The number, height, and opening rate of slot edges predispose current distribution and radiation pattern of CVA. Our results show that the exponential slot edge coplanar Vivaldi antenna provides the best gain and derives the best side lobe level, which confirmed the possibility of applying the Palm Tree technique to coplanar Vivaldi antennas, in addition to the antipodal ones, as originally proposed.
Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Inflammation in Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease
Authors: Rejeski W. Jack , Marsh Anthony P. , Fanning Jason , Ambrosius Walter T. , Walkup Michael P. , Nicklas Barbara J. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine exercise modality during weight loss on change in inflammation among older adults with overweight or obesity and cardiometabolic disease.MethodsA total of 222 older adults with a mean (SD) age of 66.9 (4.7) years and a mean (SD) BMI of 33.5 (3.5) kg/m2 were randomized to weight loss (WL; n = 68), WL plus aerobic training (WL + AT; n = 79), or WL plus resistance training (WL + RT; n = 75) for 18 months. C‐reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin‐6 were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months.ResultsAll groups lost significant weight from baseline to 18 months, with average adjusted changes of −5.5% for WL, −9.0% for WL + AT, and −10.1% for WL + RT. WL + RT and WL + AT lost significantly more weight than WL (P < 0.05). At 18 months, CRP values in WL + RT were significantly lower than WL (2.25 pg/mL vs. 3.38 pg/mL; P = 0.004). The only difference in interleukin‐6 was that at 18 months, WL + RT was lower than WL + AT (2.32 pg/mL vs. 2.75 pg/mL; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe addition of RT during WL was more effective at reducing levels of CRP than WL. Although results were in the expected direction, there was no difference in CRP between WL and WL + AT.
Association Between Waist Circumference and Dementia in Older Persons: A Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Cho Geum Joon , Hwang Soon Young , Lee Kyu‐Min , Choi Kyung Mook , Hyun Baik Sei , Kim Tak , Han Sung Won , Yoo Hye Jin 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined whether a positive association exists between waist circumference (WC) and dementia among older persons.MethodsThe study population comprised 872,082 participants aged 65 years and older who participated in a Korean national health screening examination between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2009. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs for dementia during follow‐up from 2009 to 2015 were calculated according to baseline BMI and WC categories.ResultsAfter a multivariate adjustment that included BMI, the hazard ratios for dementia showed a stepwise increase according to the increase in WC categories by 5 cm from 85 to 90 cm in men and from 80 to 85 cm in women until ≥ 110 cm (from 1.06 [95% CI: 1.03‐1.09] to 1.64 [95% CI: 1.37‐1.94] in men and from 1.04 [95% CI: 1.02‐1.07] to 1.58 [95% CI: 1.36‐1.84] in women). The influence of the current WC category for abdominal obesity on the risk of dementia was different according to BMI; especially, the normal weight men and women with abdominal obesity had a prominent increased risk of dementia compared with those without abdominal obesity.ConclusionsAbdominal obesity, as measured by WC, was associated with significantly increased risk of dementia after adjustment for general obesity.
Hyper‐Palatable Foods: Development of a Quantitative Definition and Application to the US Food System Database
Authors: Fazzino Tera L. , Rohde Kaitlyn , Sullivan Debra K. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveExtensive research has focused on hyper‐palatable foods (HPF); however, HPF are defined using descriptive terms (e.g., fast foods, sweets), which are not standardized and lack specificity. The study purpose was to develop a quantitative definition of HPF and apply the definition to the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) to determine HPF prevalence in the US food system.MethodsA numeric definition of HPF was developed by extracting common HPF descriptive definitions from the literature and using nutrition software to quantify ingredients of fat, simple sugars, carbohydrates, and sodium. The definition was applied to the FNDDS.ResultsHPF from the literature aligned with three clusters: (1) fat and sodium (> 25% kcal from fat, ≥ 0.30% sodium by weight), (2) fat and simple sugars (> 20% kcal from fat, > 20% kcal from sugar), and (3) carbohydrates and sodium (> 40% kcal from carbohydrates, ≥ 0.20% sodium by weight). In the FNDDS, 62% (4,795/7,757) of foods met HPF criteria. The HPF criteria identified a variety of foods, including some labeled reduced or low fat and vegetables cooked in creams, sauces, or fats.ConclusionsA data‐derived HPF definition revealed that a substantial percentage of foods in the US food system may be hyper‐palatable, including foods not previously conceptualized as hyper‐palatable.
Development of bionanocomposites of pectin and nanoemulsions of carnauba wax and neem oil pectin/carnauba wax/neem oil composites
Authors: de Castro e Silva Priscila , de Oliveira Ana C. S. , Pereira Lívio A. S. , Valquíria Michele , Carvalho Gabriel R. , Miranda Kelvi W. E. , Marconcini José M. , Oliveira Juliano E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe search for biodegradable materials motivated the development of new materials for the food industry. Biomaterials (pectin, starch, and chitosan) are considered promising biodegradable polymers for developing or improving materials. This study aimed to develop biodegradable bionanocomposite films with neem oil and carnauba wax nanoemulsion using pectin (high methyl esterification) polymer matrix; and to evaluate the nanoemulsions effects on the water vapor permeability (WVP), mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability properties of the films. Nanoemulsions were characterized by the polydispersity index and mean particle diameter. These results showed an average diameter of 59 to 69 nm. The pectin and 30% of neem oil nanoemulsions showed a 27% reduction in WVP. In addition, the mechanical property was optimized. Young module showed a 66% to 75% reduction for pectin and 30% of carnauba wax film and pectin and 30% of neem oil film. In the biodegradability analysis was presented a very fast degradation in soil. In addition, there was no macroresidue formation in soil with neem oil films during the biodegradation process. This result showed a weight loss after 45 days of testing. Developed bionanocompositie materials have great potential for application in emerging packagings (edible films and coatings) for the food industry and agribusiness area (food and seeds).
Germline BLM mutations and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Ledet Elisa M. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Isaacs William B. , Lotan Tamara L. , Pritchard Colin , Sartor A. Oliver 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic loss‐of‐function BLM mutations result in Bloom syndrome: a genetic disorder characterized by growth deficiencies, photosensitivity, and multiple cancer susceptibilities. There are conflicting reports about whether or not heterozygous BLM carriers are at a higher risk of various cancers. Without BLM protein functionality, there is evidence of increased sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal instability.MethodsMetastatic prostate cancer patients (N = 796) underwent germline genetic testing as part of routine care at three academic centers. Patients with heterozygous BLM mutations were identified. Tumor tissue was analyzed for somatic alterations in those patients who had a germline pathogenic mutation. Control data using a population sample were extracted from the Genome Aggregation Database.ResultsHeterozygous BLM germline mutations in 5 of 796 patients (prevalence, 0.63%). All mutations were loss‐of‐function truncating alterations. None of the mutations were BLMAsh. The control population (gnomAD) frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic BLM mutations was 0.18% (212 of 116 653). The relative risk (RR) of BLM mutations in metastatic prostate cancer patients was 3.4 (95% CI, 1.42‐8.33; P < .0062) compared to gnomAD controls. Tumor DNA sequencing in the BLM carriers showed no evidence of somatic BLM mutations. Interestingly, 3 of 5 BLM germline carriers had bi‐allelic BRCA2 inactivation evident on tumor sequencing. One patient had both germline and somatic mutations in BRCA2. Excluding the patient with the germline BRCA2 mutation (BLM prevalence, 4 of 796: 0.50%) still yielded a statistically significant finding vs the gnomAD controls (RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.02‐7.39; P < .04).ConclusionTruncating BLM germline mutations occur at a higher frequency in patients with advanced prostate cancer as compared to control populations. Though no biallelic loss of BLM was no noted in cancers, a surprising number of the BLM germline heterozygotes had pathogenic BRCA2 mutations in their tumor.
Scaled consensus for asynchronous high‐order discrete‐time multiagent systems
Authors: Cheng Yuhua , Zhou Quan , Bai Libing , Zhang Xilin , Qiu Gen 
Published: November 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the distributed scaled consensus problem of multiple agents with high‐order dynamics under the asynchronous setting, where each agent measures the neighbors' information at certain discrete time instants according to its own clock rather than the whole discrete process and all agents' clocks are independent of each other. Assume that the communication topology can be arbitrarily switched and the information transfer between agents has a time‐varying delay. Under the designed asynchronous distributed control protocol, it is shown that the agents with the same scale will reach a common final state, while the agents with different scales will reach different final states. Moreover, an effective parameters selection strategy is presented for a large number of gain parameters in high‐order multiagent systems based on novel model transformation techniques. Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the high‐order scaled consensus performances for the agents in the presence of asynchronous setting.
Spectroscopic Identifications, Molecular Docking, Neuronal Growth and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Steroidal Nitro Olefin: Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Alam Mahboob , Park Soonheum 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFT‐IR, NMR and ultraviolet spectroscopy by means of DFT / B3LYP‐6‐311G(d, p), molecular docking and biological activity of 6‐nitrocolest‐5‐en‐3‐beta‐yl acetate (steroid nitro‐olefin) was reported in this article. The optimized molecular geometric structure and its associated parameters including vibrational frequencies, carbon and1H NMR data of the title compound in ground electronic state was obtained at DFT approach applying B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p). The ultraviolet absorbance data is obtained at TDB3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) basis set. The present computational data are found in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Simulated electronic and NMR (1H and13C) spectra have been reported in solution phase. Parameters like thermodynamic quantities, dipole moment, FMO energies, MEP and global reactivity descriptors of steroid nitro olefin were determined at same level of theory. The neuromodulatory effect of the compound on central nervous system development of rat embryonic hippocampal neurons has been studied. Based on the outcome; compound demonstrated suppression activity despite the promotion of neuronal cytoarchitecture leading to a negative effect on hippocampal neurons. The nature of the compound found to be toxic to the cells. Besides, steroid compound is also used to perform inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compared to the reference drug i. e. Galanthamine. The molecular docking of the synthesized compound is carried out with the structure of the acetylcholinesterase (PDB: 1DX6) protein to check the mode of interactions.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Effect and Lipophilicity‐Activity Dependence of Three Series of Dichained N‐Alkylammonium Salts
Authors: Benkova Marketa , Soukup Ondrej , Prchal Lukas , Sleha Radek , Eleršek Tina , Novak Martin , Sepčić Kristina , Gunde‐Cimerman Nina , Dolezal Rafael , Bostik Vanda , Bostik Pavel , Marek Jan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuaternary ammonium salts belong to the group of cationic surfactants and their structure, especially the length of the alkyl chain, plays a significant role in its activity against various microorganisms. Globally, there is a growing need to develop novel compounds due to the increasing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. Three series of quaternary ammonium compounds based on dichained N‐alkylammonium salts were synthesized with different carbon chain lengths (C8, C10, C12, C14, C16). These compounds were characterized with analytical methods and tested in vitro for antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antialgal activities. In addition, the determination of their critical micelle concentrations, lipophilicity and cytotoxicity were likewise performed to assess potential lipophilicity‐activity dependence. Almost all compounds showed a high efficacy against bacterial and fungal strains. Significant effects against Varicella zoster virus and algae were also noticed. Some of novel drugs outperformed standard benzalkonium salts. The expected trend of the correlation of an increase of cytotoxicity with the length of carbon chain was confirmed. These compounds show a higher potential as disinfectants rather than antiseptics due to their cytotoxic potential and low selectivity for microbes over mammalian cells.
Copper‐Catalyzed Chemoselective 1,4‐Reductions: Sequential One‐Pot Synthesis of Esters
Authors: Kumar Devarapalli Ravi , Panigrahy Ram Sankar , Ravi Kishore Dakoju , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA sequential one‐pot Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons reaction followed by [Cu]‐catalyzed 1,4‐reduction for an efficient preparation of esters, is described. The protocol showed excellent chemoselectivity and broad functional group tolerance. In addition, the strategy was successfully applied for the synthesis of indanones by using a single column chromatography process.
Physical Mechanism of Breakdown Failure in Polymer Composites with Various Filler Loading
Authors: Ding Shanjun , Kong Yingming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDielectric polymer materials consisting of zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS_nps) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) were prepared by a solution‐casting process. The introduction of low filler loading results in obviously improved breakdown strength and energy density in comparison with pure PVDF, while the breakdown strength sharply becomes weak in the case of high filler loading. Based on the multi‐core model, the electric double layer theory as well as the physical model we built, we propose that the insulation and charge distribution of the composites are regulated by the inter‐fillers distance between neighboring fillers, resulting in the redistribution of the internal electric filed direction and the increase or decrease of the internal electric filed strength in the applied electric filed.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Carbon Nanotube for Selective Aromatic Compound Adsorption
Authors: Yan Li , Zhu Geng , Guan Jian‐Ning , Han Guo‐Zhi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on the epoxidation modification of the carbon nanotubes surface, we develop a facile one‐pot synthesis of core‐shell magnetic carbon nanotubes where Fe3O4 nanoparticles are encapsulated inside the carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4@CNTs). Compared with traditional magnetic carbon nanotubes which prepared by surface deposition, the well‐designed core‐shell magnetic carbon nanotubes show higher selective adsorption for aromatic organic compounds. For those aromatic compounds containing hydrophilic groups on benzene rings such as phenols, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the compound on the surface of Fe3O4@CNTs is almost zero. Conversely, the Fe3O4@CNTs exhibit good adsorption capacity for those aromatic compounds with electron‐withdrawing group on benzene ring such as nitro group, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity can reach 2.07 mg/g in aqueous solution. In addition, the corresponding selective adsorption mechanism is put forward through the kinetic studies. This study provides a new strategy for the water environmental treatment and the reuse of aromatic pollutants.
Bifunctional Platinum Tetrapods: High‐Performance Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds and Electrochemical Sensor for Hydrazine.
Authors: Anbarasan Rajagopal , Viswanath Kamatchirajan Balaji , Nithya Kesavan , Vasantha Vairathevar Sivasamy , Suresh Devarajan , Amali Arlin Jose 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrecise engineering of platinum as nanostructured platinum tetrapods (Pt TPs) is achieved via a facile one‐step hydrothermal synthesis using KCl and KBr as structure directing agents. Heavily influenced by its size and shape, Pt TPs exhibits excellent catalytic activity, selectivity and recyclability in hydrogenation of nitroarenes and acts as an electrochemical sensor for hydrazine. This enhanced activity is attributed to the surface structure of Pt with high‐index facets.
Self‐Standing Hybrid Film of SnO2 Nanotubes and MXene as A High‐Performance Anode Material for Thin Film Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Kexin , Zhu Xiaodong , Wang Chuang , Hu Yanjing , Gu Liangliang , Qiu Shengyou , Gao Xiaotian , Mao Yachun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA self‐standing hybrid film was fabricated, which consists of SnO2 nanotubes sandwiched by MXene nanosheets through alternate vacuum filtration. As an anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the self‐standing hybrid film delivers a reversible capacity of 663 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 100mAg−1 and exhibits excellent rate capability with a reversible capacity of 327mAhg−1 at 5Ag−1. The superior cycle stability and rate performance are achieved through the synergetic effect between SnO2 nanotubes and MXene nanosheets, which provides a reference for the development of flexible batteries.
1D Core‐shell MnO@S, N co‐Doped Carbon for High Performance Lithium Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Jun , Zhong Ming , Wu Hongtao , Yue Bin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractManganese monoxide (MnO) is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries, but it often shows poor electrochemical performance due to some inevitable drawbacks including intrinsic low electrical conductivity, poor stability, and severe polarization. In this work, a 1D core‐shell MnO@S, N co‐doped carbon material (MnO@SNC) was obtained by pyrolysis of MnO2@PPy precursor at 600 °C in N2 atmosphere. When evaluated as an anode for lithium ion batteries, the unique structure and composition advantages endow the as‐formed material with excellent lithium storage performance in terms of high specific capacity (955.5 mAh g−1 at a current density of 500 mA g−1), long‐term cycling stability (up to 500 cycles), and superior rate capability (458.7 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1). The outstanding electrochemical performance could be attributed to the unique 1D core‐shell structure, abundant graphited carbon and MnO nanorods.
Catalyst‐Free α‐Aminoxylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with TEMPO Using Selectfluor as an Oxidant
Authors: Tang Lin , Yang Zhen , Yang Fang , Huang Yifan , Chen Hanfei , Cheng Hao , Song Weiyan , Ren Bo , Zhou Qiuju 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA catalyst‐free and regioselective α‐aminoxylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with TEMPO by use of Selectfluor as a mild oxidant has been demonstrated, yielding the corresponding alkoxyamines in good to excellent yields. The developed protocol features no employment of a catalyst, broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions, which enables a convenient and efficient avenue for quaternary C–O bond formation.
Duration of load behaviour of a glued shear plate dowel joint
Authors: Larsson Gustaf , Gustafsson Per Johan , Serrano Erik , Crocetti Roberto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An experimental study on the duration of load effects in a glued shear plate dowel joint was conducted. The joint design features a single large diameter dowel for load transfers between members, via external steel plates, which are bonded to the timber with a low stiffness bond line. Due to the low bond line stiffness, the timber element is subjected to a close to uniform shear stress distribution over the bond area. The study comprises a total of 80 test specimens loaded in shear, both parallel and perpendicular to the grain, at three load levels in the range of 50–80% of the short-term failure load. All specimens failed within approximately 110 days in outdoor sheltered conditions during which time deformations were recorded for one specimen of each type and load level. The study found a significantly larger influence of duration of load for this dominant shear action than what is reported in the literature for bending tests. The method of ranked stress was used to determine a suggested reduction factor kmod for the shear plate dowel joint to 0.10 and 0.30 for parallel and perpendicular loading, respectively. This is a rough estimate based upon a 50-year extrapolation of 4-month data. Thus, it must be concluded that the studied shear plate dowel joint is not efficient in terms of long-duration loads in outdoor sheltered climate, and that further studies are needed in order to verify the use in other climates. It is also evident in this study that there is a lack of knowledge and empirical evidence on the duration of load effects in timber for shear loading.