bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elite Soccer Players Do Not Cover Less Distance in the Second Half of the Matches When Game Interruptions Are Considered
Authors: Rey Ezequiel , Kalén Anton , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , López-Del Campo Roberto , Nevado-Garrosa Fabio , Lago-Peñas Carlos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rey, E, Kalén, A, Lorenzo-Martínez, M, López-Del Campo, R, Nevado-Garrosa, F, and Lago-Peñas, C. Elite soccer players do not cover less distance in the second half of the matches when game interruptions are considered. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 709–713, 2024—This study aimed to analyze quantitative differences in the physical demands of male elite soccer players between the first and second halves during official matches, accounting for effective playing time (the duration of play after subtracting the game interruptions) and playing positions. A total of 4,249 individual match observations of 412 outfield players competing in the Spanish first division league (LaLiga) were undertaken during the 2018–2019 season, using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, NY). The players were classified into 5 positional roles: central defenders (CD), external defenders (ED), central midfielders (CM), external midfielders (EM), and forwards (F). The main results showed that in contrast to those observed when total playing time was considered, independent of playing position, there were no significant differences on high-speed running (HSR) (5.5 ± 2.4 vs. 5.5 ± 2.4 m·min−1) and sprint (5.3 ± 3.3 vs. 5.4 ± 3.3 m·min−1) distances between the first and second halves in professional soccer players when the effective playing time was considered. However, differences in match running performance at HSR and sprint distances between the first and second halves were dependent on players' playing position. Whereas ED and EM maintained HSR and sprint efforts during the second half, CD and CM significantly increased (p < 0.001) the distance covered at sprint during the second period of the match. Contrarily, F were unable to maintain their HSR (6.2 ± 2.3 vs. 5.9 ± 3.3 m·min−1) and sprint (7.0 ± 3.5 vs. 6.5 ± 3.4 m·min−1) match running performances during the second half. Such findings demonstrate that total playing time could overestimate fatigue-induced performance declines. Thus, effective playing time and playing position should be taken into account when interpreting the match running performance of professional soccer players.
Drained Shear Displacement Rates in Fully Softened Strength Torsional Ring Shear Testing
Authors: Stark Timothy D. , Cadigan Jack A. , Jafari Navid H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To measure the fully softened strength, the normally consolidated and reconstituted specimen must be drained, i.e., no development of shear-induced pore-water pressures, during shearing. This article investigates (1) typical shear displacement rates in torsional ring shear tests that yield drained shearing conditions for a range of fine-grained soils and (2) the problems that can develop if the porous discs in a torsional ring shear device are not clean and saturated prior to placement of the reconstituted soil paste in the specimen container. The data presented herein show that using a clogged or unsaturated porous disc will require a drained shear displacement rate that is one to two orders of magnitude slower than required, e.g., 0.018 mm/min, if the porous discs are clean, maintained, and saturated as recommended by the original equipment manufacturer and the ASTM D7608, Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Measure Drained Fully Softened Shear Strength and Stress Dependent Strength Envelope of Fine-Grained Soils.
Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general female population
Authors: Stensen Dina B , Småbrekke Lars , Olsen Karina , Grimnes Guri , Nielsen Christopher Sivert , Sollid Johanna U E , Simonsen Gunnar Skov , Almås Bjørg , Furberg Anne-Sofie 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, and nasal carriers have an increased risk for infection and disease. The exploration of host determinants for nasal carriage is relevant to decrease infection burden. Former studies demonstrate lower carriage prevalence in women and among users of progestin-only contraceptives. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between circulating sex-steroid hormones and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in a general population.

Methods
In the population-based sixth Tromsø study (2007–2008) nurses collected nasal swab samples from 724 women aged 30–87 not using any exogenous hormones, and 700 of the women had a repeated nasal swab taken (median interval 28 days). We analysed a panel of serum sex-steroids by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and collected information about lifestyle, health and anthropometric measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the association between circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus carriage (one swab) and persistent carriage (two swabs), while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Women in luteal phase were excluded in the analysis of androgens.

Results
Staphylococcus aureus persistent nasal carriage prevalence was 22%. One standard deviation increase in testosterone and bioavailable testosterone was associated with lower odds of persistent nasal carriage, (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.35–0.92 and OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.30–0.92) respectively. Analysis stratified by menopause gave similar findings. Persistent carriers had lower average levels of androstenedione and DHEA, however, not statistically significant.

Conclusion
This large population-based study supports that women with lower levels of circulating testosterone may have increased probability of Staphylococcus aureus persistent carriage.
Examination of clinical factors affecting intrauterine microbiota
Authors: Odawara Kei , Akino Ryosuke , Sekizawa Akihiko , Sakamoto Miwa , Yuriko Seo , Tanaka Kanako , Mikashima Mutsumi , Suzuki Masami , Odawara Yasushi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Following reports of an increase in implantation and pregnancy continuation rates by a higher percentage of Lactobacillus in the intrauterine microbiota, it has received attention in infertility treatment. This study aimed to examine Japanese women for intrauterine microbiota.

Methods
The clinical background factors in women that influence the abundance of Lactobacillus in the bacterial microbiota were examined. We included 147 patients (31 and 116 in the follicular and luteal phase, respectively), from June 2018 to June 2020, who underwent their first intrauterine microbiota test and had not used antibiotics for at least 4 weeks before the test. In the luteal phase, we compared the background factors of women in cases with 90% or more and less than 90% of Lactobacillus. Differences in the intrauterine microbiota were examined during the follicular and luteal phases.

Results
The proportion of Lactobacillus tended to be low among women aged 36 years and older with a history of childbirth (P = 0.0631). Some bacteria were only detected during the follicular and luteal phases, and the bacterial microbiota may change during the menstrual cycle.

Conclusion
Bacterial microbiota in the uterus may differ between the follicular and luteal phases. Furthermore, it was shown that the rate of Lactobacillus may be lower in women (older than 36 years) who had given birth, indicating that intrauterine microbiological testing may be considered for these women in clinical practice.

Lay summary
Good implantation and pregnancy continuation rates have been reported when the proportion of the bacteria Lactobacillus is high in the uterus (intrauterine) bacterial population (microbiota). In this study, we assessed whether the clinical background of Japanese women (age, history of pregnancy and childbirth, and presence of gynecological or hormonal disorders) affect the proportion of intrauterine microbiota. Intrauterine samples were collected and sequenced to evaluate the intrauterine microbiota and the composition ratio of each bacterium. Comparing the percentage of Lactobacillus in the latter phase of the menstrual cycle with the clinical background, it was found that the percentage tended to be lower in women with a history of childbirth. We compared the intrauterine microbiota between the first phase and latter phase of the menstrual cycle and revealed that it may differ between the two phases. Advances in the development of criteria for assessing intrauterine microbiota are expected.
Hukuk Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Kadına Yönelik Şiddet Algısı ve Yaklaşımlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Gürpınar Kağan , Pakiş Işıl , Terece Cem , Polat Mehmet Oğuz 
Published: December 2020

Objective: It is known that violence against women is an important health problem. The aim of this study is to investigate the awareness, knowledge and attitudes of law faculty students about violence against women and offer solutions to this problem.Materials and Methods: 192 students from Maltepe University Faculty of Law attended the study. Research data were collected by a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The age range of students who participated in this study is 18-38 and the average age is 21.6.Results: In the study, egalitarian views on social gender roles and equality vary between 70.9% and 90.7% of responses given to the propositions. The rate of students agreeing with the proposition of “In some cases women deserve to be beaten by their partners” is 9.9%. The rate of women who agreed with egalitarian propositions are significantly higher than in men (p<0.005). The awareness of physical, economic and sexual violence is significantly higher in women than men. Gender equal- ity point of view among respondents whose mother is either a high school or university graduate and working has been found significantly higher. 52.1% of the participants stated that they knew “The Law of Protection of Family and Prevention of Violence against Women”. Conclusion: In this study, which was conducted with the students of the Faculty of Law, the rate of opinions defending social equality is high due to the high proportion of female students agreeing with the equitable approaches.
INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURS AND THEIR NEGOTIATION BEHAVIOURS IN LAUNCHING NEW PRODUCTS
Authors: Nhat Minh Nguyen , Cong Hiep Pham , Thi Ouynh Nguyen , Smith Phil 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of the negotiation behaviours by Vietnamese innovative-entrepreneurs on negotiation outcomes. The focus emphasises face-to-face negotiation sessions between innovative entrepreneurs and their corporate customers as they promote new services and products that either fulfill unmet market demands or achieve significant improvements in comparison to existing products or services.
Methodology: This paper employed a qualitative research method to distill the entrepreneurial negotiation behaviours and their impacts on negotiation performance. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with 14 Vietnamese innovative-entrepreneurs, from five industries including technology, manufacturing, agriculture, medical, and education. To ensure the entrepreneurs' fall under the classification of innovative-entrepreneurs. The participating entrepreneurs were selected Entrepreneurship-Incubator, Vietnam-Department-of-Business-Registration-Management, and Business-Startup-Support-Centre.
Main Findings: The findings showed that the negotiated-terms, the self-expression of the parties, the negotiation process, and the relationship developed were found to be significant in measuring negotiation performance. Negotiation behaviours, including concern about the personal outcome; concern about others’ outcomes; building relationships; and, emotional expression, were found as having a positive impact on negotiation performance. In contrast, risk-taking negatively affected negotiation outcomes.
Applications: Based on the aforementioned findings, a proposed negotiation-framework of an innovative-entrepreneur in the product launching stage is being developed.
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study brings another view on measuring negotiation performance by applying psychological negotiation outcome elements rather than relying on objective elements only. The significance of each psychological negotiation outcome element is also ordered. The unique advantages and challenges of the launching stage of an innovative entrepreneur are also explored to provide in-depth entrepreneurial knowledge.
Análisis comparativo de la responsabilidad social en el sector financiero: estudios de caso en Perú y Brasil 2007–2009
Authors: Tostes Marta , Chero Senmache Limberg 
Published: December 2020

Se analiza la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) como medio eficaz para reducir costos y fortalecer la cuota de mercado, tomando como caso. la banca comercial de Perú y Brasil, y aspectos relacionados con la implementación de acciones concretas vinculadas a la atención de las necesidades de los consumidores, con el compromiso de los derechos laborales y con la protección medio ambiental; Sobre la base de los resultados, se puede concluir que ninguno de los casos peruanos presentaron acciones que permitan clasificarlos en un nivel regular de avance, mientras que en Brasil dos casos se destacan: ABN Amro Real y Bradesco. Asimismo, entre 2007 y 2009, en las instituciones financieras peruanas se ha avanzado muy poco en cuanto a la implementación de políticas que impliquen acciones permanentes de medio ambiente y atención a consumidores y trabajadores, aunque se ha podido observar mejorías en este período en Interbank y el Banco de Crédito del Perú.
KEEFEKTIFAN BAHAN AJAR JENIS IKAN DI KAWASAN MANGROF UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA JENJANG SMK
Authors: Maulyda Ayu , Soendjoto Mochamad Arief , Zaini Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan di Indonesia memiliki tanggungjawab mencetak lulusan yang berkualitas dan memiliki keterampilan belajar salah satunya adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pengembangan produk berupa bahan ajar berbasis lokal memiliki tujuan untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa karena siswa mendapatkan contoh secara langsung atau melakukan kegiatan belajar sesuai dengan potensi lokal daerahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar jenis ikan di kawasan mangrof dan mendeskripsikan keefektifan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model evaluasi formatif dari Tessmer (1993). Subjek penelitian ini meliputi lima orang siswa kelas X untuk uji kelompok kecil, dan lima belas orang siswa kelas X untuk uji lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik deskriptif dan kategorisasi. Hasil keefektifan harapan pada uji kelompok kecil sebelum menggunakan bahan ajar diperoleh nilai dibawah ketuntasan dengan rata-rata 32 dan setelah pengajaran menggunakan bahan ajar jenis ikan di kawasan mangrof didapat nilai ketuntasan dengan rata-rata 87. Keefektifan aktual pada uji lapangan didapat N-Gain yaitu merumuskan masalah 0.9 dengan kategori tinggi, merumuskan hipotesis 0.7 dengan kategori tinggi, pengumpulan data 0.9 dengan kategori tinggi, analisis data d0.8 dengan kategori tinggi dan menarik kesimpulan 0.9 dengan kategori tinggi
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA IPA SMP BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING PADA MATERI ZAT DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA
Authors: Apriani Herlina , Rizkiana Fitria , Khairunnisa Yasmine 
Published: December 2020

Penggunaan media pembelajaran yang mampu melatih kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa serta memberikan gambaran mikroskopik akan mempermudah siswa dalam mempelajari IPA khususnya aspek kimia untuk pertama kalinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan dari lembar kerja siswa IPA SMP berbasis inkuiri terbimbing sebagai media pembelajaran pada materi zat dan karakteristiknya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model Borg and Gall yang dilaksanakan dalam 7 tahap di MTs Raudhatusysyubban dengan 30 orang siswa sebagai subjek uji coba. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket kelayakan lembar kerja siswa yang diisi oleh 3 orang validator dan angket respon siswa terhadap lembar kerja siswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif. Hasil validasi dari ketiga validator adalah lembar kerja siswa yang dikembangkan sangat layak. Persentase respon siswa subjek uji coba terhadap lembar kerja siswa adalah sebanyak 13,33% kategori cukup, 30% kategori baik dan 56,67% kategori sangat baik. Hasil penelitian adalah lembar kerja siswa berbasis inkuiri yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran IPA SMP pada materi zat dan karakteristiknya. Lembar kerja siswa ini bisa digunakan oleh siswa dalam mempelajari IPA khususnya pada aspek kimia untuk pertama kalinya ditingkat SMP dengan lebih mudah, menarik dan bermakna.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN LITERASI TEKNOLOGI CALON GURU FISIKA MELALUI ONLINE FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Authors: Nikat Rikardus Feribertus 
Published: December 2020

Literasi teknologi merupakan salah satu kemampuan mahasiswa terutama sebagai calon guru sesuai dengan tuntutan program merdeka belajar. Peranan Literasi Teknologi tidak hanya terbatas pada kemampuan mahasiswa menggunakan teknologi, namun bagaimana mahasiswa mengorganisir pengetahuan mereka dalam menangkap informasi dari teknologi, mengembangkan konten konten kreatif menggunakan teknologi dalam satu kesatuan sistem pembelajaran. Salah satu bentuk pengembangannya adalah online formative assessment. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui gambaran kemampuan literasi teknologi mahasiswa calon guru fisika melalui online formative assessment. Literasi teknologi dapat diukur melalui indikator kebiasaan, kompetensi pengguna, praksis dan efek bagi pengguna. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan worksheet mahasiswa, panduan observasi serta wawancara dengan melibatkan 17 orang mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan fisika Universitas Musamus Merauke. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan diinterpretasikan bersama hasil wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi teknologi mahasiswa melalui online formative assesment cenderung memiliki kesamaan antara satu sama lain dan meningkat pada setiap pertemuan. Indikasi tersebut menggambarkan bahwa dalam perkuliahan perlu dilatihkan konsep pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Ada beberapa faktor yang menentukan literasi teknologi adalah kemampuan, latihan dan motivasi.
Medium-Term Clinical and Radiographic Results of an All-Polyethylene, Pegged, Bone-Ingrowth Glenoid Component
Authors: Borbas Paul , Taylor David McD. , Lee Steven , Wijeratna Malin , Hoy Gregory , Evans Matthew C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
We previously reported the mean 4-year outcomes of anatomic total shoulder replacement using an all-polyethylene, pegged, hybrid-fixation (bone ingrowth and cement) glenoid component. In the present study, we report on that patient cohort after another 4 years of follow-up (mean, 101 months; range, 77 to 146 months). At that time, the median American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score was 92 points (interquartile range [IQR], 81.7 to 98.3) and the median Oxford Shoulder Score was 47 points (IQR, 41 to 48). Osseointegration, demonstrated by bone ingrowth between the flanges on the central peg as seen on coronal computed tomography (CT), was complete in 75% of the shoulders, partial in 21%, and absent in 4%. There were radiolucent lines at the bone-prosthesis interface on CT, with a median Yian score of 1 (IQR, 0 to 2; range, 0 to 18). The conclusion in the present study was that shoulder arthroplasty with an all-polyethylene, hybrid-fixation (bone ingrowth and cement) pegged glenoid component has durable clinical and radiographic outcomes at medium-term follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
First molecular insights into the infection process provoked by Neofusicoccum parvum in Liquidambar styraciflua and the identification of new cysteine-rich proteins in both organisms
Authors: Vázquez-Avendaño Rebeca , Rodríguez-Haas José Benjamín , Velázquez-Delgado Hugo , Rosas-Saito Greta Hanako , Hernández-Domínguez Eric Edmundo , Sánchez-Rangel Diana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Neofusicoccum parvum belongs to the Botryosphaeriaceae family, which groups endophytic and latent pathogens of woody plants responsible for diseases such as cankers, dieback and blight. It is a widespread pathogen with a broad host range, including agricultural, horticultural and forestry plants; therefore, it is relevant to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in the disease caused by this pathogen. This work reports for the first time N. parvum as a pathogen of Liquidambar styraciflua. We established an in vitro pathosystem using foliar tissue to characterize the infection process through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Because cysteine-rich proteins (CysRPs) have been studied for their important functions in plant-pathogen interactions, new CysRPs were identified for these organisms, and mRNA expression of these proteins was analyzed at early time points during the interaction.Results 24 hours post infection, the pathogen caused visible symptoms, and microscopic analysis at 16 days post infection revealed the presence of N. parvum pycnidia embedded in L. styraciflua leaf tissue. For both organisms, two databases with transcriptomic and genomic information were analyzed, and five new CysRPs were identified for each organism. The length varied between 95 and 204 amino acids, and in silico analysis revealed that all the proteins are potentially secreted. The search for conserved domains and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all the proteins are novel, including two of N. parvum that present the well-known CFEM domain. RT-qPCR analysis was conducted at 24 and 72 hours post infection, and the results showed changes in the levels of CysRP mRNAs for both the plant and the fungus at early stages during the interaction.Conclusions N. parvum was identified for the first time as a pathogen of L. styraciflua, and this work presents an approach to comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms involved in this interaction, highlighting the potential involvement of CysRPs of both organisms under this biotic stress.
Source identification and risk analysis of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in rainwater runoff from a manganese mine (south central Hunan, China)
Authors: Luo Xin , Ren Bozhi , Hursthouse Andrew S. , Jiang Feng , Deng Ren-jian , Wang Zhenghua 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in manganese ore areas are prevalent in rainwater runoff and pose a major threat to human health. In this study, field investigation and geostatistical analysis methods of positive matrix factorization (PMF) and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to systematically study the pollution in rainwater runoff from a manganese mining area in Xiangtan, China, to evaluate source contributions for the health risk assessment of PTEs. The average concentrations (mg/L) of six PTEs were: 0.3357 (Mn), 0.0450 (Ni), 0.0106 (Cu), 0.0148 (Zn), 0.0068 (Cd) and 0.0390 (Pb). The coefficients of variation (CV) for Mn and Zn were &gt;180% and &gt;130%, with the other analytes having values below 70%. The GIS and PMF analysis produced more refined spatial source apportionments, including mining, smelting, transportation, agricultural production and natural sources. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was negligible, and the carcinogenic risk was potentially dangerous but acceptable for both adults and children. In addition, the children's total carcinogenic risk value was greater than that of adults, highlighting their vulnerability. This study demonstrates the potential of PMF to provide a framework to spatially prioritize treatment objectives within the mining region to improve environmental conditions.