bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of temperate basmati rice: a multi-year study on performance and adaptation under high altitude conditions of Northern Himalayas
Authors: Sofi N. R. , Shikari A. B. , Sofi M. , Hussain A. , Khan G. H. , Wani S. H. , Mohiddin F. A. , Ganai M. A. , Parray G. A. , Sheikh F. A. , Dar Z. A. , Bhat N. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the present study, an effective secondary selection of transgressive variants from a homozygous population of Pusa Sugandh 3 (PS3) has led to the development of basmati variant SKUA 494. SKUA 494 exhibited a grain yield (7.9 t/ha) with superiority of 21.5% over its progenitor (6.5 t/ha). Besides, the genotype revealed an earliness of about 13 and 15 days for flowering and maturity, respectively. Hulling, milling and head rice recovery traits of SKUA 494 were comparatively better over the controls PS3 and Pusa Basmati 1509. No significant differences in the cooking quality were observed in SKUA 494 over its parental line. Quality traits of SKUA 494 revealed an intermediate score for alkali spreading value, besides similar values for gel consistency and amylose content in comparison to PS3. On the basis of stability variables, stability index and overall mean for most of the traits, SKUA 494 depicted stable performance across the locations and over the years. Molecular analysis based on simple sequence repeat markers revealed polymorphism at locus flanking the quantitative trait loci for days to heading (Hd6) between SKUA 494 and its parent (PS3). Based on overall superiority in the performance and adaptability of SKUA 494, the variety has been recommended to farmers for general cultivation under temperate ecology.
Classification of regional and genre varieties of Chinese: A correspondence analysis approach based on comparable balanced corpora
Authors: Hou Renkui , Huang Chu-Ren 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a robust text classification and correspondence analysis approach to identification of similar languages. In particular, we propose to use the readily available information of clauses and word length distribution to model similar languages. The modeling and classification are based on the hypothesis that languages are self-adaptive complex systems and hence can be classified by dynamic features describing the system, especially in terms of distributional relations of constituents of a system. For similar languages whose grammatical differences are often subtle, classification based on dynamic system features should be more effective. To test this hypothesis, we considered both regional and genre varieties of Mandarin Chinese for classification. The data are extracted from two comparable balanced corpora to minimize possible confounding factors. The two corpora are the Sinica Corpus from Taiwan and the Lancaster Corpus of Mandarin Chinese from Mainland China, and the two genres are reportage and review. Our text classification and correspondence analysis results show that the linguistically felicitous two-level constituency model combining power functions between word and clauses effectively classifies the two varieties of Chinese for both genres. In addition, we found that genres do have compounding effect on classification of regional varieties. In particular, reportage in two varieties is more likely to be classified than review, corroborating the complex system view of language variations. That is, language variations and changes typically do not take place evenly across the board for the complete language system. This further enhances our hypothesis that dynamic complex system features, such as the power functions captured by the Menzerath–Altmann law, provide effective models in classifications of similar languages.
Evaluation of dosimetric parameters of small fields of 6 MV flattening filter free photon beam measured using various detectors against Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Mamballikalam Gopinath , Senthilkumar S , Jayadevan P. M. , Jaon bos R. C. , Ahamed Basith P. M. , Inippully Rohit , Shine N. S. , Clinto C. O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurpose:This study aims to evaluate dosimetric parameters like percentage depth dose, dosimetric field size, depth of maximum dose surface dose, penumbra and output factors measured using IBA CC01 pinpoint chamber, IBA stereotactic field diode (SFD), PTW microDiamond against Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for 6 MV flattening filter-free small fields.Materials and Methods:The linear accelerator used in the study was a Varian TrueBeam® STx. All field sizes were defined by jaws. The required shift to effective point of measurement was given for CC01, SFD and microdiamond for depth dose measurements. The output factor of a given field size was taken as the ratio of meter readings normalised to 10 × 10 cm2 reference field size without applying any correction to account for changes in detector response. MC simulation was performed using PRIMO (PENELOPE-based program). The phase space files for MC simulation were adopted from the MyVarian Website.Results and Discussion:Variations were seen between the detectors and MC, especially for fields smaller than 2 × 2 cm2 where the lateral charge particle equilibrium was not satisfied. Diamond detector was seen as most suitable for all measurements above 1 × 1 cm2. SFD was seen very close to MC results except for under-response in output factor measurements. CC01 was observed to be suitable for field sizes above 2 × 2 cm2. Volume averaging effect for penumbra measurements in CC01 was observed. No detector was found suitable for surface dose measurement as surface ionisation was different from surface dose due to the effect of perturbation of fluence. Some discrepancies in measurements and MC values were observed which may suggest effects of source occlusion, shift in focal point or mismatch between real accelerator geometry and simulation geometry.Conclusion:For output factor measurement, TRS483 suggested correction factor needs to be applied to account for the difference in detector response. CC01 can be used for field sizes above 2 × 2 cm2 and microdiamond detector is suitable for above 1 × 1 cm2. Below these field sizes, perturbation corrections and volume averaging corrections need to be applied.
Increased Transnational Sea Ice Transport Between Neighboring Arctic States in the 21st Century
Authors: DeRepentigny Patricia , Jahn Alexandra , Tremblay L. Bruno , Newton Robert , Pfirman Stephanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Arctic is undergoing a rapid transition toward a seasonal ice regime, with widespread implications for the polar ecosystem, human activities, as well as the global climate. Here we focus on how the changing ice cover impacts transborder exchange of sea ice between the exclusive economic zones of the Arctic states. We use the Sea Ice Tracking Utility, which follows ice floes from formation to melt, in conjunction with output diagnostics from two ensembles of the Community Earth System Model that follow different future emissions scenarios. The Community Earth System Model projects that by midcentury, transnational ice exchange will more than triple, with the largest increase in the amount of transnational ice originating from Russia and the Central Arctic. However, long‐distance ice transport pathways are predicted to diminish in favor of ice exchanged between neighboring countries. By the end of the 21st century, we see a large difference between the two future emissions scenarios considered: Consistent nearly ice‐free summers under the high emissions scenario act to reduce the total fraction of transnational ice exchange compared to midcentury, whereas the low emissions scenario continues to see an increase in the proportion of transnational ice. Under both scenarios, transit times are predicted to decrease to less than 2 yr by 2100, compared to a maximum of 6 yr under present‐day conditions and 2.5 yr by midcentury. These significant changes in ice exchange and transit time raise important concerns regarding risks associated with ice‐rafted contaminants.
Subduction Duration and Slab Dip
Authors: Hu Jiashun , Gurnis Michael 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe dip angles of slabs are among the clearest characteristics of subduction zones, but the factors that control them remain obscure. Here, slab dip angles and subduction parameters, including subduction duration, the nature of the overriding plate, slab age, and convergence rate, are determined for 153 transects along subduction zones for the present day. We present a comprehensive tabulation of subduction duration based on isotopic ages of arc initiation and stratigraphic, structural, plate tectonic and seismic indicators of subduction initiation. We present two ages for subduction zones, a long‐term age and a reinitiation age. Using cross correlation and multivariate regression, we find that (1) subduction duration is the primary parameter controlling slab dips with slabs tending to have shallower dips at subduction zones that have been in existence longer; (2) the long‐term age of subduction duration better explains variation of shallow dip than reinitiation age; (3) overriding plate nature could influence shallow dip angle, where slabs below continents tend to have shallower dips; (4) slab age contributes to slab dip, with younger slabs having steeper shallow dips; and (5) the relations between slab dip and subduction parameters are depth dependent, where the ability of subduction duration and overriding plate nature to explain observed variation decreases with depth. The analysis emphasizes the importance of subduction history and the long‐term regional state of a subduction zone in determining slab dip and is consistent with mechanical models of subduction.
Fine Harmonic Structure of Equatorial Noise with a Quasiperiodic Modulation
Authors: Němec F. , Tomori A. , Santolík O. , Boardsen S. A. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Kurth W. S. , Pickett J. S. , Kletzing C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEquatorial noise emissions (fast magnetosonic waves) are electromagnetic waves observed routinely in the equatorial region of the inner magnetosphere. They propagate with wave vectors nearly perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field; that is, they are limited to frequencies below the lower hybrid frequency. The waves are generated by instabilities of ring‐like proton distribution functions, which result in their fine harmonic structure with intensity maxima close to harmonics of the proton cyclotron frequency in the source region. Although most equatorial noise emissions are continuous in time, some events exhibit a clear quasiperiodic time modulation of the wave intensity, with typical modulation periods on the order of minutes. We analyze 72 such events (17 observed by the Cluster spacecraft, 55 observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft) for which high‐resolution data were available. The analysis of the observed harmonic structure allows us to determine source radial distances of the events. It is found that the calculated source radial distances are generally close to the radial distances where the events were observed. The harmonic numbers where the events are generated range between about 12 and 30. Two events for which the spacecraft passed through the generation region were identified and analyzed. No simultaneous ultra‐low‐frequency magnetic field pulsations and no periodic plasma number density variations were observed. Although the in situ measured proton distribution functions were shown to be responsible for the wave growth, an insufficient resolution of the particle instruments prevented us from detecting a quasiperiodic modulation possibly present in the particle data.
Fog Interception Maintains a Major Waterfall Landscape in Southwest China Revealed by Isotopic Signatures
Authors: Zhan Lucheng , Chen Jiansheng , Zhang Chenming , Wang Tao , Xin Pei , Li Ling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFog water intercepted by the forest canopy can be an important extra water input for the near‐surface ecosystems in some tropical montane or coastal Mediterranean zones. However, the significance of fog interception on groundwater systems needs to be further studied. An inland subtropical cloud forest in the southwest of China is covered by frequent fog/mist and has thousands of waterfalls with significant flow. To verify the role of fog interception to the local hydrological budget, field investigations and sampling campaigns were carried out over different temporal and spatial scales. Compared with local rainwater, surface water and spring water in the forest were more enriched in 2H and 18O isotopes and had much higher d‐excess, indicating that fog water produced by inland evapotranspiration is a key water supplier. During the dry period, waterfalls are sustained by baseflow, of which a considerable fraction comes from fog interception recharge. The waterfall landscape maintained by fog drip water in this study area represents an example of the important contribution of fog water to some subtropical montane groundwater systems.
Genetic overlap between psychotic experiences in the community across age and with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Barkhuizen Wikus , Pain Oliver , Dudbridge Frank , Ronald Angelica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study explores the degree to which genetic influences on psychotic experiences are stable across adolescence and adulthood, and their overlap with psychiatric disorders. Genome-wide association results were obtained for adolescent psychotic experiences and negative symptom traits (N = 6297–10,098), schizotypy (N = 3967–4057) and positive psychotic experiences in adulthood (N = 116,787–117,794), schizophrenia (N = 150,064), bipolar disorder (N = 41,653), and depression (N = 173,005). Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to estimate genetic correlations. Implicated genes from functional and gene-based analyses were compared. Mendelian randomization was performed on trait pairs with significant genetic correlations. Results indicated that subclinical auditory and visual hallucinations and delusions of persecution during adulthood were significantly genetically correlated with schizophrenia (rg = 0.27–0.67) and major depression (rg = 0.41–96) after correction for multiple testing. Auditory and visual subclinical hallucinations were highly genetically correlated (rg = 0.95). Cross-age genetic correlations for psychotic experiences were not significant. Gene mapping and association analyses revealed 14 possible genes associated with psychotic experiences that overlapped across age for psychotic experiences or between psychotic experiences and psychiatric disorders. Mendelian randomization indicated bidirectional associations between auditory and visual hallucinations in adults but did not support causal relationships between psychotic experiences and psychiatric disorders. These findings indicate that psychotic experiences in adulthood may be more linked genetically to schizophrenia and major depression than psychotic experiences in adolescence. Our study implicated specific genes that are associated with psychotic experiences across development, as well as genes shared between psychotic experiences and psychiatric disorders.
Dorsal vagal complex and hypothalamic glia differentially respond to leptin and energy balance dysregulation
Authors: Stein Lauren M. , Lhamo Rinzin , Cao Anh , Workinger Jayme , Tinsley Ian , Doyle Robert P. , Grill Harvey J. , Hermann Gerlinda E. , Rogers Richard C. , Hayes Matthew R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies identify a role for hypothalamic glia in energy balance regulation; however, a narrow hypothalamic focus provides an incomplete understanding of how glia throughout the brain respond to and regulate energy homeostasis. We examined the responses of glia in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) to the adipokine leptin and high fat diet-induced obesity. DVC astrocytes functionally express the leptin receptor; in vivo pharmacological studies suggest that DVC astrocytes partly mediate the anorectic effects of leptin in lean but not diet-induced obese rats. Ex vivo calcium imaging indicated that these changes were related to a lower proportion of leptin-responsive cells in the DVC of obese versus lean animals. Finally, we investigated DVC microglia and astroglia responses to leptin and energy balance dysregulation in vivo: obesity decreased DVC astrogliosis, whereas the absence of leptin signaling in Zucker rats was associated with extensive astrogliosis in the DVC and decreased hypothalamic micro- and astrogliosis. These data uncover a novel functional heterogeneity of astrocytes in different brain nuclei of relevance to leptin signaling and energy balance regulation.
Phase 1 study of the pan-HER inhibitor dacomitinib plus the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD-0325901 in patients with KRAS-mutation-positive colorectal, non-small-cell lung and pancreatic cancer
Authors: van Geel Robin M. J. M. , van Brummelen Emilie M. J. , Eskens Ferry A. L. M. , Huijberts Sanne C. F. A. , de Vos Filip Y. F. L. , Lolkema Martijn P. J. K. , Devriese Lot A. , Opdam Frans L. , Marchetti Serena , Steeghs Neeltje , Monkhorst Kim , Thijssen Bas , Rosing Hilde , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Beijnen Jos H. , Bernards René , Schellens Jan H. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Mutations in KRAS result in a constitutively activated MAPK pathway. In KRAS-mutant tumours existing treatment options, e.g. MEK inhibition, have limited efficacy due to resistance through feedback activation of epidermal growth factor receptors (HER).

Methods
In this Phase 1 study, the pan-HER inhibitor dacomitinib was combined with the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD-0325901 in patients with KRAS-mutant colorectal, pancreatic and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients received escalating oral doses of once daily dacomitinib and twice daily PD-0325901 to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02039336).

Results
Eight out of 41 evaluable patients (27 colorectal cancer, 11 NSCLC and 3 pancreatic cancer) among 8 dose levels experienced dose-limiting toxicities. The RP2D with continuous dacomitinib dosing was 15 mg of dacomitinib plus 6 mg of PD-0325901 (21 days on/7 days off), but major toxicity, including rash (85%), diarrhoea (88%) and nausea (63%), precluded long-term treatment. Therefore, other intermittent schedules were explored, which only slightly improved toxicity. Tumour regression was seen in eight patients with the longest treatment duration (median 102 days) in NSCLC.

Conclusions
Although preliminary signs of antitumour activity in NSCLC were seen, we do not recommend further exploration of this combination in KRAS-mutant patients due to its negative safety profile.
A Cdh1–FoxM1–Apc axis controls muscle development and regeneration
Authors: Chen Zhe , Li Lei , Xu Shuangnian , Liu Zhilong , Zhou Chengfang , Li Zhigang , Liu Yuanyuan , Wu Weiru , Huang Yongxiu , Kuang Mei , Fan Shijun , Li Hui , Li Xi , Song Guanbin , Wu Wen-Shu , Chen Jieping , Hou Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractForkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcriptional factor has a principal role in regulating cell proliferation, self-renewal, and tumorigenesis. However, whether FoxM1 regulates endogenous muscle development and regeneration remains unclear. Here we found that loss of FoxM1 in muscle satellite cells (SCs) resulted in muscle atrophy and defective muscle regeneration. FoxM1 functioned as a direct transcription activator of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc), preventing hyperactivation of wnt/β-catenin signaling during muscle regeneration. FoxM1 overexpression in SCs promoted myogenesis but impaired muscle regeneration as a result of spontaneous activation and exhaustion of SCs by transcriptional regulation of Cyclin B1 (Ccnb1). The E3 ubiquitin ligase Cdh1 (also termed Fzr1) was required for FoxM1 ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation. Loss of Cdh1 promoted quiescent SCs to enter into the cell cycle and the SC pool was depleted by serial muscle injuries. Haploinsufficiency of FoxM1 ameliorated muscle regeneration of Cdh1 knock-out mice. These data demonstrate that the Cdh1–FoxM1–Apc axis functions as a key regulator of muscle development and regeneration.
MCL1 inhibition is effective against a subset of small-cell lung cancer with high MCL1 and low BCL-XL expression
Authors: Yasuda Yuto , Ozasa Hiroaki , Kim Young Hak , Yamazoe Masatoshi , Ajimizu Hitomi , Yamamoto Funazo Tomoko , Nomizo Takashi , Tsuji Takahiro , Yoshida Hironori , Sakamori Yuichi , Nakajima Naoki , Menju Toshi , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Date Hiroshi , Hirai Toyohiro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere have been few advances in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) because of the lack of targets. MCL1, a member of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family, may be a treatment target in several cancers, including SCLC. However, whether the expression profile of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family affects MCL1 inhibition strategy is unknown. A tissue microarray (TMA) was created from consecutive patients who were diagnosed with SCLC and had previously undergone surgery at Kyoto University Hospital (Kyoto, Japan) between 2001 and 2017. We used S63845, a MCL1 inhibitor, to assess the cytotoxic capacity in SCLC cell lines including a patient-derived cell line in vitro and in vivo. The combination of S63845 with navitoclax, a double BCL-XL/BCL-2 inhibitor, was also employed to examine the comprehensive inhibition of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family. Immunohistochemistry of a TMA from patients with surgically resected SCLC demonstrated high MCL1 expression with low BCL-XL and BCL-2 to be the most common expression profile. S63845 was effective in high MCL1- and low BCL-XL-expressing SCLC cell lines. S63845 induced BAK-dependent apoptosis in vitro, and the anti-tumor efficacy was confirmed in an in vivo model. Although knockdown of BCL-XL and BCL-2 improved the cytotoxic activity of S63845 and its combination with navitoclax increased the anti-tumor cytotoxicity, the therapeutic range of S63845 with navitoclax was narrow in in vivo studies. Our study suggests MCL1 inhibition therapy be applied for high MCL1- and low BCL-XL-expressing SCLC patients.
Live cell imaging of single RNA molecules with fluorogenic Mango II arrays
Authors: Cawte Adam D. , Unrau Peter J. , Rueda David S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRNA molecules play vital roles in many cellular processes. Visualising their dynamics in live cells at single-molecule resolution is essential to elucidate their role in RNA metabolism. RNA aptamers, such as Spinach and Mango, have recently emerged as a powerful background-free technology for live-cell RNA imaging due to their fluorogenic properties upon ligand binding. Here, we report a novel array of Mango II aptamers for RNA imaging in live and fixed cells with high contrast and single-molecule sensitivity. Direct comparison of Mango II and MS2-tdMCP-mCherry dual-labelled mRNAs show marked improvements in signal to noise ratio using the fluorogenic Mango aptamers. Using both coding (β-actin mRNA) and long non-coding (NEAT1) RNAs, we show that the Mango array does not affect cellular localisation. Additionally, we can track single mRNAs for extended time periods, likely due to bleached fluorophore replacement. This property makes the arrays readily compatible with structured illumination super-resolution microscopy.