bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of a board certification system and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer on mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Mizuma Masamichi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Miyata Hiroaki , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Unno Michiaki , Shimosegawa Tooru , Toh Yasushi , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purposes
The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of a board certification system and the implementation of clinical practice guidelines for pancreatic cancer (PC) on the mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy in Japan.

Methods
By a web questionnaire survey via the National Clinical Database (NCD) for departments participating in the NCD, quality indicators (QIs) related to the treatment for PC, namely the board certification systems of various societies and the adherence to clinical practice guidelines for PC, were investigated between October 2014 and January 2015. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the QIs and mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Results
Of 1415 departments that registered at least 1 pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2013 and 2014 in NCD, 631 departments (44.6%), which performed pancreaticoduodenectomy for a total of 11,684 cases, answered the questionnaire. The mortality of pancreaticoduodenectomy was positively affected by the board certification systems of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterological Surgery, Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, and Japanese Society of Medical Oncology as well as by institutions that used magnetic resonance imaging of ≥ 3 T for the diagnosis of PC in principle.

Conclusions
The measurement of the appropriate QIs is suggested to help improve the mortality in pancreaticoduodenectomy. Masamichi Mizuma and Hiroyuki Yamamoto equally contributed
Tracing the colonization process of non-native gobies into a large river: the relevance of different dispersal modes
Authors: Nogueira Tavares C. , Brauns M. , Hille S. , Krenek S. , Borcherding J. , Weitere M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPonto-Caspian gobies have invaded many river systems in the northern hemisphere, but their colonization patterns often remain unrecognized at the early stages of invasion. Here, we analyzed the ongoing invasion of the round goby Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas, 1814) in the Elbe River (Germany) by combining literature research with electrofishing and environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. Along the surveyed 517 km, abundances peaked in the upper and lower sections, while low or no goby abundances were detected in the middle section. Combining the results of the field survey and literature data, we inferred four dispersal modes, jointly appearing during the colonization. (1) Human mediated transport, which was responsible for the initial colonization of the tidal Elbe and for a jumpy expansion to the upstream sections. (2) Fast downstream colonization, which was particularly observed for juvenile individuals. (3) Slow upstream migration, which was also recorded for another goby species, the bighead goby Ponticola kessleri (Günther, 1861) and (4) Lateral invasion via a major shipping canal in the middle river section. The eDNA analyses generally supported these conclusions and showed a high sensitivity and thus increased detection strength at low goby densities. Our study showed that the location of the first occurrence, as well as the dispersal mode, strongly determines the invasion process of non-native gobies.
Neotectonic Activity Using Geomorphological Features in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Sissakian Varoujan K. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Abdullah Lanja H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIraqi Kurdistan Region is located in the northeastern part of the Arabian Plate which is colliding with the Eurasian (Iranian) Plate and is located within the Zagros Foreland Basin. This collision, which is still active with convergent type of tectonic boundary, has caused deformation of the rocks in the Zagros Foreland Basin with different intensities. The deformation intensity decreases southwest wards since the exerted stresses from the collision is in a NE–SW direction. Depending on the deformation intensity and many other factors, the tectonic framework of the region which is part of the main tectonic frame of Iraq is divided into three main tectonic units among them only two units are within Kurdistan Region. The two zones are from NE–SW direction: (1) Shalair Terrane, and (2) Outer Platform. In the current study, evidences about Neotectonic activities are presented from different parts of Kurdistan Region depending on different geomorphological and structural features. Among those features are: abnormal trends of valleys, dislocated and dissected alluvial fans, regional lineaments, water and wind gaps, faulted rocks of Pliocene–Pleistocene age, active faults. The Neotectonic evidences were recognized using satellite images and the existing Neotectonic data, and validated in the field.
Residual stress relaxation in HFMI-treated fillet welds after single overload peaks
Authors: Schubnell Jan , Carl Eva , Farajian Majid , Gkatzogiannis Stefanos , Knödel Peter , Ummenhofer Thomas , Wimpory Robert , Eslami Hamdollah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe induction of near-surface compressive residual stress is an important factor for fatigue life improvement of HFMI-treated welded joints. However, the relaxation of these beneficial residual stresses under single overload peaks under variable amplitude and service loads may significantly reduce fatigue life improvement. For this reason, several recommendations exist to limit the maximum applied load stress for this kind of post-treated welded joints. In this work, the effect of single tension and compression overloads on the relaxation behavior of HFMI-induced residual stresses was studied experimentally by means of X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques complemented by numerical simulation at transverse stiffeners made of mild S355J2 steel and high strength S960QL steel. Loads were applied close to the real yield strength of the base material. Significantly different relaxation behavior was observed for S355J2 and S960QL steel. Furthermore, high compression loads lead to full residual stress relaxation at the weld toe of S960QL and moderate relaxation for S355J2. High tension loads lead only to slight relaxation.
Methacrylation increase growth and differentiation of primary human osteoblasts for gelatin hydrogels
Authors: Sukul Mousumi , Cama Giuseppe , Dubruel Peter , Reseland Janne Elin , Haugen Håvard J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe role of gelatin methacrylate hydrogels with varying degrees of methacrylation (69% and 84%) was accessed with FTIR, NMR, microCT, and subsequent exposure to human osteoblasts. The cells responded positively to the degree of methacrylation and showed attachment, growth, and proliferated on both hydrogels. The cell reacted differently to the degree of methacrylation with higher proliferation on higher substitution; however, cell differentiation behavior was improved for less substitution. The secretion of late osteogenic markers (osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN)) and angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was increased for gelatin methacrylate hydrogels with 69% degree of methacrylation and thus would be the better candidate for future bone regenerative applications amongst the three tested hydrogels.
Discovering Evolving Temporal Information: Theory and Application to Clinical Databases
Authors: Sala Pietro , Combi Carlo , Mantovani Matteo , Rizzi Romeo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFunctional dependencies (s) allow us to represent database constraints, corresponding to requirements as “patients having the same symptoms undergo the same medical tests.” Some research efforts have focused on extending such dependencies to consider also temporal constraints such as “patients having the same symptoms undergo in the next period the same medical tests.” Temporal functional dependencies are able to represent such kind of temporal constraints in relational databases. Another extension for s allows one to represent approximate functional dependencies (s), as “patients with the same symptomsgenerallyundergo the same medical tests.” It enables data to deviate from the defined constraints according to a user-defined percentage. Approximate temporal functional dependencies (s) merge the concepts of temporal functional dependency and of approximate functional dependency. Among the different kinds of , the Approximate Pure Temporally Evolving Functional Dependencies ($$\textit{APE}$$APE-FDs for short) allow one to detect patterns on the evolution of data in the database and to discover dependencies as “For most patients with the same initial diagnosis, the same medical test is prescribed after the occurrence of same symptom.” Mining s from large databases may be computationally expensive. In this paper, we focus on $$\textit{APE}$$APE-FDs and prove that, unfortunately, verifying a single $$\textit{APE}$$APE-FD over a given database instance is in general NP-complete. In order to cope with this problem, we propose a framework for mining complex $$\textit{APE}$$APE-FDs in real-world data collections. In the framework, we designed and applied sound and advanced model-checking techniques. To prove the feasibility of our proposal, we used real-world databases from two medical domains (namely, psychiatry and pharmacovigilance) and tested the running prototype we developed on such databases.
Imaginary economies: the case of the 3D printer
Authors: Schröter Jens 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the call for the special issue for the EAEPE Journal, we can find the word “scenario.” The question is if the authors can imagine scenarios in which “potential strategies for the appropriation of existing capitalist infrastructures […] in order to provoke the emergence of post-capitalist infrastructures” can be described. Obviously, the call verges on the border of science fiction—and this is not a bad thing. Diverse strands of media studies and science and technology studies have shown (e.g., Schröter 2004; Kirby 2010; Jasanoff and Kim 2015; McNeil et al. 2017) that not only the development of science and (media) technology is deeply interwoven in social imaginaries about possible outcomes and their implicated futures, but there is a whole theoretical tradition in which societies as such are fundamentally constituted by imaginary relations (Castoriadis 1975/2005). But in all these discussions, one notion very seldom appears: that of an “imaginary economy,” meaning a collectively held system of more or less vague or detailed ideas, what an economy is, how it works, and how it should be (especially in the future; but see the somewhat different usage recently in Fabbri 2018). The aim of the paper is to outline a notion of “imaginary economy” and its necessary functions in the stabilization of a given economy, but even more so in the transformation to another economy—how should a transformation take place if there’s not at least a vague image where to go? Of course, we could also imagine a blind evolutionary process without any imaginary process but that seems not to be the way in which human societies—and economies—work. Obviously a gigantic research field opens up—so in the proposed paper, only one type of “imaginary economy” can be analyzed: It is the field that formed recently around the proposed usages and functions of 3D printing. In publications as diverse as Eversmann (2014) and Rifkin (2014), the 3D printer operates as a technology that seems to open up a post-capitalist future—and thereby it is directly connected to the highly imaginary “replicator” fromStar Trek. In these scenarios, a localized omnipotent production—a post-scarcity scenario (see Panayotakis 2011)—overcomes by itself capitalism: But symptomatically enough, questions of work, environment, and planetary computation are (mostly) absent from these scenarios. Who owns the templates for producing goods with 3D printers? What about the energy supply? In a critical and symptomatic reading, this imaginary economy, very present in a plethora of discourses nowadays, is deconstructed and possible implications for a post-capitalist construction are discussed.
Equilibrium and -efficient fertility with increasing returns to population and endogenous mortality
Authors: Tamura Robert , Cuberes David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA general equilibrium model that characterizes the gap between optimal and equilibrium fertility and investment in human capital is developed. The aggregate production function exhibits increasing returns to population arising from specialization, but households face a quantity–quality trade-off when choosing their fertility and how much education these children receive. We show that equilibrium fertility is too low and investment per child is too high, in contrast to a current planner who internalizes the externality of current fertility on the next generation's productivity. We next introduce mortality of young adults in the model and assume that households have a precautionary demand for children. Human capital investment lowers next generation mortality. This model endogenously generates a demographic transition but, since households do not internalize the negative effects of human capital on mortality, the equilibrium demographic transition takes place many years later than the efficient solution. We show that ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient fertility and human capital investment pair can switch; in high-mortality regimes, ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient fertility is lower than equilibrium fertility, and ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient human capital investment is higher than equilibrium investment. In the zero mortality regime, however, ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient fertility exceeds equilibrium fertility, and ${\rm {\cal A}}$-efficient human capital investment is lower than the equilibrium choice.
Peridynamic Analysis of Cracked Beam Under Impact
Authors: Akbari M. J. , Kazemi S. R. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTSpecific conditions at the tip of a crack and discontinuities in a material are the challenges in analyzing the growth of cracks using conventional methods. In recent years, a method has been developed based on the non-local mechanics, called peridynamic theory, which has improved the analysis process of such structures. In this theory, the points of matter whose displacement or displacement derivatives are discontinuous are not distinguished from other material points. In this paper, we employed the bond-based peridynamic theory to investigate the rate of crack propagation and the path of crack growth in a beam with an initial crack due to low velocity impact. Two beams made of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and steel alloy with different projectile shapes were considered. The effects of changes in the impact velocity and the fracture toughness were studied and the obtained results were validated with other conducted studies. The crack path was predicted successfully and the branching of the crack was captured. The results confirm the ability of the peridynamic theory to model the crack growth in impact problems.
Removing Non-Uniqueness in Symmetric Galerkin Boundary Element Method for Elastostatic Neumann Problems and its Application to Half-Space Problems
Authors: Ko Y. -Y. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTWhen the Symmetric Galerkin boundary element method (SGBEM) based on full-space elastostatic fundamental solutions is used to solve Neumann problems, the displacement solution cannot be uniquely determined because of the inevitable rigid-body-motion terms involved. Several methods that have been used to remove the non-uniqueness, including additional point support, eigen decomposition, regularization of a singular system and modified boundary integral equations, were introduced to amend SGBEM, and were verified to eliminate the rigid body motions in the solutions of full-space exterior Neumann problems. Because half-space problems are common in geotechnical engineering practice and they are usually Neumann problems, typical half-space problems were also analyzed using the amended SGBEM with a truncated free surface mesh. However, various levels of errors showed for all the methods of removing non-uniqueness investigated. Among them, the modified boundary integral equations based on the Fredholm’s theory is relatively preferable for its accurate results inside and near the loaded area, especially where the deformation varies significantly.
The polarization dynamics of electoral reforms
Authors: Peskowitz Zachary , Szewczyk James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElectoral reforms affect legislative outcomes by influencing incumbent legislators’ behavior, new entrants’ behavior, and the probability that incumbents are replaced with new entrants. Empirical work on electoral reforms and polarization has focused on new entrants’ behavior. We employ a simple decision theoretic framework with partial incumbent policy persistence and spatial voting to examine the three channels jointly. We show that a reform designed to encourage ideological moderation produces larger effects on polarization when the reform is implemented than when it is removed. The key insight is that implementing a moderation-inducing reform generates a set of challengers who are more likely to defeat incumbents while the incumbents are more likely to win reelection when the reform is removed. We then empirically examine how elections and legislative polarization respond to unlimited PAC contributions in state legislatures. Examining incumbents’ decisions to stand for reelection, the electoral performance of incumbents who do run, and partisan polarization, we find empirical support for our predictions.
Dietary fibre intake and its association with inflammatory markers in adolescents
Authors: Swann Olivia G. , Breslin Monique , Kilpatrick Michelle , O’Sullivan Therese A. , Mori Trevor A. , Beilin Lawrence J. , Oddy Wendy H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA high dietary fibre intake has been associated with improvements in inflammatory conditions in adults. However, little is known on whether associations between dietary fibre and inflammation are evident during adolescence. We examined the relationship between dietary fibre intake measured by FFQ and the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin cross-sectionally in 17-year-olds participating in the Raine Study (n621). In weighted analysis using tobit and linear regression, and after excluding participants with hs-CRP > 10 mg/l, higher total dietary fibre intake (per 5 g/d) was significantly associated with lower leptin (β= –0·13, 95 % CI –0·17, –0·09) and adiponectin (β= –0·28, 95 % CI –0·49, –0·07), but not hs-CRP, in unadjusted analyses. These associations were no longer significant after adjustment for sex, anthropometry and a number of lifestyle factors. However, higher cereal and grain fibre intake was significantly associated with lower leptin (β= –0·06, 95 % CI –0·10, –0·01) in fully adjusted analysis. Our findings suggest that a higher intake of cereal and grain fibre may contribute to lower leptin in adolescents. This may contribute to reductions in low-grade chronic inflammation and improved health outcomes.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and the association with overweight, obesity, and weight change among individuals exposed to the World Trade Center disaster, 2003–2016
Authors: Takemoto Erin , Van Oss Katherine R. , Chamany Shadi , Brite Jennifer , Brackbill Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAmong Veterans, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been shown to be associated with obesity and accelerated weight gain. Less is known among the general population. We sought to determine the impact of PTSD on body mass index (BMI) and weight change among individuals with exposure to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster.MethodsWe examined individuals from the WTC Health Registry. PTSD symptoms were assessed on multiple surveys (Waves 1–4) using the PTSD Checklist-Specific. Three categories of post-9/11 PTSD were derived: no, intermittent, and persistent. We examined two outcomes: (1) Wave 3 BMI (normal, overweight, and obese) and (2) weight change between Waves 3 and 4. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between PTSD and BMI (N = 34 958) and generalized estimating equations to assess the impact of PTSD on weight change (N = 26 532). Sex- and age-stratified analyses were adjusted for a priori confounders.ResultsAt Wave 3, the observed prevalence of obesity was highest among the persistent (39.5%) and intermittent PTSD (36.6%) groups, compared to the no PTSD group (29.3%). In adjusted models, persistent and intermittent PTSD were consistently associated with a higher odds of obesity. Weight gain was similar across all groups, but those with persistent and intermittent PTSD had higher estimated group-specific mean weights across time.ConclusionsOur findings that those with a history of PTSD post-9/11 were more likely to have obesity is consistent with existing literature. These findings reaffirm the need for an interdisciplinary focus on physical and mental health to improve health outcomes.
Effect of the NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, on emotional processing and autobiographical memory
Authors: Chen Runsen , Capitão Liliana P. , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that d-cycloserine (DCS) may have antidepressant potential through its interaction with the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; however, clinical evidence of DCS's efficacy as a treatment for depression is limited. Other evidence suggests that DCS affects emotional learning which may also be relevant for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of DCS on emotional processing in healthy volunteers and to further characterise its effects on emotional and autobiographical memory.MethodsForty healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to a single dose of 250 mg DCS or placebo in a double-blind design. Three hours later, participants performed an Emotional Test Battery [including Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT), Emotional Categorisation Task (ECAT), Emotional Recall Task (EREC), Facial Dot-Probe Task (FDOT) and Emotional Recognition Memory Task (EMEM)] and an Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Also, participants performed the FERT, EREC and AMT tasks again after 24 h in order to assess longer lasting effects of a single dose of DCS.ResultsDCS did not significantly affect the FERT, EMEM and FDOT performance but significantly increased emotional memory and classification for positive wordsv.negative words. Also, DCS enhanced the retrieval of more specific autobiographical memories, and this effect persisted at 24 h.ConclusionsThese findings support the suggestion that low-dose DCS increases specific autobiographical memory retrieval and positive emotional memory. Such effects make it an intriguing agent for further investigation in clinical depression, which is characterised by decreased autobiographical memory specificity and increased negative bias in memory recall. It also underscores the potential role of DCS as an adjunct to cognitive behavioural therapy in depression.