bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Smart Theranostic Nanocapsule for Spatiotemporally Programmable Photo‐Gene Therapy
Authors: Gong Xue , Li Ruomeng , Wang Jing , Wei Jie , Ma Kang , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe therapeutic performance of DNAzyme‐involved gene silencing is significantly constrained by inefficient conditional activation and insufficient cofactor supply. Herein, a self‐sufficient therapeutic nanosystem was realized through the delicate design of DNAzyme prodrugs and MnO2 into a biocompatible nanocapsule with tumor‐specific recognition/activation features. The indocyanine green (ICG)‐modified DNA prodrugs are designed by splitting the DNAzyme and then reconstituted into the exquisite catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) amplification circuit. Based on the photothermal activation of ICG, the nanocapsule was disassembled to expose the MnO2 ingredient which was immediately decomposed into Mn2+ ions to supplement an indispensable DNAzyme cofactor on‐demand with a concomitant O2 generation for enhancing the auxiliary phototherapy. The endogenous microRNA catalyzes the amplified assembly of DNA prodrugs via an exquisite CHA principle, leading to the DNAzyme‐mediated simultaneous silencing of two key tumor‐involved mRNAs. This self‐activated theranostic nanocapsule could substantially expand the toolbox for accurate diagnosis and programmable therapeutics.
Regeneration reaction characteristics and mechanism model of K2CO3/Al2O3 sorbent for CO2 capture
Authors: Zhang Zhonglin , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe regeneration reaction characteristics of the K2CO3/Al2O3 sorbent were investigated with a thermogravimetric apparatus. The effects of the gas composition and temperature on the regeneration conversion and reaction rate were analysed extensively. The results of the thermogravimetric experiment revealed that the regeneration characteristics of K2CO3/Al2O3 are better than those of pure K2CO3 and that temperature is the key parameter for the K2CO3/Al2O3 regeneration process. It was also observed that the regeneration process of K2CO3/Al2O3 occurred in three stages. As the regeneration temperature increased, regeneration occurred in the following sequence: KHCO3 on the external surface, KHCO3 on the internal surface and KAl (CO3)2(OH)2. The activation energy (E, kJ/mol) and pre‐index factor (A, min−1) of the three stages were 69.7, 73.8 and 84.5 and 1.36 × 107, 1.86 × 107 and 2.74 × 106, respectively. The reaction kinetic parameters were calculated by the thermal analysis method. A comprehensive model based on the Avrami–Erofeev reaction mechanism model was proposed for the regeneration process of K2CO3/Al2O3. The model data and test values agreed well, thereby establishing the model's accuracy. This paper provides fundamental data for further study on the capture of carbon dioxide from flue gas using potassium‐based sorbents.
Study of tyrosine and dopa enantiomers as tyrosinase substrates initiatingl‐ andd‐melanogenesis pathways
Authors: Fernandez‐Julia Pedro J. , Tudela‐Serrano Jose , Garcia‐Molina Francisco , Garcia‐Canovas Francisco , Garcia‐Jimenez Antonia , Munoz‐Munoz Jose L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTyrosinase starts melanogenesis and determines its course, catalyzing the oxidation by molecular oxygen of tyrosine to dopa, and that of dopa to dopaquinone. Then, nonenzymatic coupling reactions lead to dopachrome, which evolves toward melanin. Recently, it has been reported thatd‐tyrosine acts as tyrosinase inhibitor and depigmenting agent. The action of tyrosinase on the enantiomers of tyrosine (l‐tyrosine andd‐tyrosine) and dopa (l‐dopa andd‐dopa) was studied for the first time focusing on quantitative transient phase kinetics. Post‐steady‐state transient phase studies revealed thatl‐dopachrome is formed more rapidly thand‐dopachrome. This is due to the lower values of Michaelis constants forl‐enantiomers than ford‐enantiomers, although the maximum rates are equal for both enantiomers. A deeper analysis of the inter‐steady‐state transient phase of monophenols demonstrated that the enantiomerd‐tyrosine causes a longer lag period and a lower steady‐state rate, thanl‐tyrosine at the same concentration. Therefore,d‐melanogenesis fromd‐tyrosine occurs more slowly than doesl‐melanogenesis froml‐tyrosine, which suggests the apparent inhibition of melanin biosynthesis byd‐tyrosine. As conclusion,d‐tyrosine acts as a real substrate of tyrosinase, with low catalytic efficiency and, therefore, delays the formation ofd‐melanin.
Update on the developmental consequences of cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Grant Kimberly S. , Conover Elizabeth , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThere is a strong increase in prevalence trends for cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation as more states legalize use of this drug. Information on the teratogenic risk of cannabis is limited but some important themes can be gleaned. Studies have not found a unique phenotypic signature of prenatal exposure but an increased risk of congenital anomalies, particularly gastroschisis, has been reported. Changes in fetal growth have been described in some epidemiological studies but long‐term patterns of physical growth appear unaffected. Prenatal exposure to cannabis is not generally associated with reductions in global IQ but specific cognitive skills, especially attention and memory, can be negatively impacted. Long‐term impacts on psychological health include increased rates of depressive symptoms and anxiety as well as delinquency. Relatively little is known about the risk of maternal cannabis use during lactation but data suggest that infant exposure is relatively low compared to maternal exposure. As delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) levels increase to meet consumer demand and routes of exposure diversify, there is a strong need for prospective birth‐cohort studies that collect biological samples to quantify exposure. Data from such studies will be critical to overcoming the weaknesses of past cannabis research and are essential to establishing reliable information on the risks of maternal use. Until that time, health care providers should be encouraged to talk about the risks and benefits associated with cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation with their patients, emphasizing that fetal and neonatal risks cannot be excluded at this time.
Exercise to explain X‐chromosome inactivation in humans
Authors: Morán Paloma 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDistance learning requires the combined use of techniques because it is more complicated to keep the students' attention. This exercise is designed to explain the inactivation of the x‐chromosome in humans and is intended to complement the theoretical explanations. It is estimated that it lasts two hours and makes use of different web resources. It is intended for students familiar with the use of BLAST tools.
Quality and capacity indicators for hospitalized pediatric oncology patients with critical illness: A modified delphi consensus
Authors: Arias Anita V. , Garza Marcela , Murthy Srinivas , Cardenas Adolfo , Diaz Franco , Montalvo Erika , Nielsen Katie R. , Kortz Teresa , Sharara‐Chami Rana , Friedrich Paola , McArthur Jennifer , Agulnik Asya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHospitalized pediatric hematology‐oncology (PHO) patients are at high risk for critical illness, especially in resource‐limited settings. Unfortunately, there are no established quality indicators to guide institutional improvement for these patients. The objective of this study was to identify quality indicators to include in PROACTIVE (PediatRic Oncology cApaCity assessment Tool for IntensiVe carE), an assessment tool to evaluate the capacity and quality of pediatric critical care services offered to PHO patients.MethodsA comprehensive literature review identified relevant indicators in the areas of structure, performance, and outcomes. An international focus group sorted potential indicators using the framework of domains and subdomains. A modified, three‐round Delphi was conducted among 36 international experts with diverse experience in PHO and critical care in high‐resource and resource‐limited settings. Quality indicators were ranked on relevance and actionability via electronically distributed surveys.ResultsPROACTIVE contains 119 indicators among eight domains and 22 subdomains, with high‐median importance (≥7) in both relevance and actionability, and ≥80% evaluator agreement. The top five indicators were: (a) A designated PICU area; (b) Availability of a pediatric intensivist; (c) A PHO physician as part of the primary team caring for critically ill PHO patients; (d) Trained nursing staff in pediatric critical care; and (e) Timely PICU transfer of hospitalized PHO patients requiring escalation of care.ConclusionsPROACTIVE is a consensus‐derived tool to assess the capacity and quality of pediatric onco‐critical care in resource‐limited settings. Future endeavors include validation of PROACTIVE by correlating the proposed indicators to clinical outcomes and its implementation to identify service delivery gaps amenable to improvement.
Metastasis of a prostate adenocarcinoma to mandible: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Hasheminasab Mahboube , Karimi Abbas , Kardoust Parizi Mehdi , Kosari Farid , Asadi Amirali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDentists and physicians should include oral metastases originating from prostate adenocarcinoma as a rare differential diagnosis of jaw lesions that can produce periosteal reactions in the radiographic features such as osteosarcoma.
Recyclable Ruthenium Catalyst for Distal meta‐C−H Activation
Authors: Choi Isaac , Müller Valentin , Wang Yanhui , Xue Kai , Kuniyil Rositha , Andreas Loren B. , Karius Volker , Alauzun Johan G. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe disclose the unprecedented hybrid‐ruthenium catalysis for distal meta‐C−H activation. The hybrid‐ruthenium catalyst was recyclable, as was proven by various heterogeneity tests, and fully characterized with various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, highlighting the physical and chemical stability. Thereby, the hybrid‐ruthenium catalysis proved broadly applicable for meta‐C−H alkylations of among others purine‐based nucleosides and natural product conjugates. Additionally, its versatility was further reflected by meta‐C−H activations through visible‐light irradiation, as well as para‐selective C−H activations.
Axially chiral hemiaminals from nonracemic α‐amino acid derivatives (thiohydantoins): Synthesis and isomer identification
Authors: Sarigul Ozbek Sevgi , Dogan Ilknur 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStable, nonracemic axially chiral hemiaminals (O,N‐hemiacetals) have been synthesized stereoselectively from lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) reductions of nonracemic 5‐methyl‐ and 5‐isopropyl‐3‐(o‐aryl)‐2‐thioydantoins in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at room temperature in 10 min. PredominantlyS‐configured hemiaminals at C‐4 of the heterocyclic ring were produced from the S‐configured thiohydantoins at C‐5 (by 80% when the C5 substituent is methyl and by 97% when it is isopropyl). The configuration at C‐5 was retained during the reduction reaction. The stereochemical outcome of the axially chiral hemiaminals resulted from their conformational preferences.
Description of a new biosafe procedure for cytological specimens from patients with COVID‐19 processed by liquid‐based preparations
Authors: Straccia Patrizia , Rossi Esther Diana , Martini Maurizio , Mulè Antonino , Cianfrini Federica , Curatolo Mariangela , Cancellieri Alessandra , Brunelli Chiara , Zannoni Gian Franco , Fadda Guido 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease. The spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease have led to the widespread adoption of social distancing measures. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission have been applied at all social levels, including health care operators. Hence, this reports focuses on the description of a new protocol for the safe management of cytological samples processed by liquid‐based cytology (LBC) with an evaluation of the changes in terms of morphology and immunoreactivity.MethodsFrom March 11 to April 25, 2020, 414 cytological cases suspicious for SARS‐CoV‐2 were processed with a new virus‐inactivating method suggested by Hologic, Inc, for all LBC specimens.ResultsThe samples showed an increased amount of fibrin in the background. A slight decrease in cellular size was also observed in comparison with the standard method of preparation. Nonetheless, the nuclear details of the neoplastic cells were well identified, and the immunoreactivity of the majority of those cells was maintained. The cell blocks did not show significant differences in morphology, immunoreactivity, or nucleic acid stability.ConclusionsDespite some minor changes in the morphology of the cells, the results of this study highlight that the adoption of the new protocol for the biosafety of LBC‐processed samples in pathology laboratories is important for minimizing the risk for personnel, trainees, and cytopathologists without impairing the diagnostic efficacy of the technique.
Bio‐inspired Mimosa pudica algorithm for energy‐efficient wireless video sensor networks
Authors: Murugeswari S. , Murugan Kalpana 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWireless video sensor network (WVSN) has attracted much research interest due to its multi‐faceted potential applications in different fields. An energy‐efficient protocol is fundamental for WVSN since the network has to deal with traffic‐intensive multimedia data, such as images and videos. A few issues come in front for any such setting like energy inefficiency, throughput unfairness, and low network capacity. In many cases, we need to strike a balance between required parameters or aspects, but there is no alternative to ensuring appropriate energy efficiency in the process. Keeping this in mind, this paper proposes a holistic solution named energy‐efficient bio‐inspired Mimosa pudica (EEBIMP) algorithm. EEBIMP for WVSN can reduce the time delay and avoid unnecessary energy consumption due to clustering the network. Our proposed algorithm has been compared with one of the most recent notable solutions, like GREENNESS (Green wiReless vidEo sENsor NEtworks uSing out‐of‐band Signalling), PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization), and CUCKOO search algorithm. The result shows that EEBIMP achieved 95% of energy efficiency and throughput when compared with other algorithms of GREENNESS, PSO, and CUCKOO.
Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte unter der Lupe – Ökobilanzen im Gebäudevergleich
Authors: Nisse Juliane , Armbrecht Katharina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDas Thema Ökobilanzen im Gebäudekontext spielt umwelt‐ und gesellschaftspolitisch eine immer bedeutendere Rolle. Dieser Artikel analysiert den Aspekt Klimaschutz im Rahmen von Nachhaltigkeitsbewertungen von Gebäuden. Im Hinblick auf gebäudebezogene Ökobilanzen wird ein Überblick über fünf gängige, in der Fachwelt anerkannte Ökobilanzstudien (LCEE, RUB, KÖNIG, FIW, STEINBEIS) gegeben. Insbesondere werden die in den Studien getroffenen Annahmen und Rahmenbedingungen sowie die Auswirkungen auf die Ergebnisse analysiert. Dazu werden in Form einer vergleichenden Betrachtung Gemeinsamkeiten sowie wesentliche Unterscheidungsmerkmale der einzelnen Untersuchungen aufgezeigt.
Der Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V. (DAfM) – ein Statusbericht im dritten Jahr nach der Gründung
Authors: Rast Ronald , Scheller Eckehard 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAm 30. Januar 2018 wurde der Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V. (DAfM) gegründet.Stahlbeton und Mauerwerk sind die Massenbaustoffe, aus denen Deutschland seine Gebäude errichtet. Im Jahr 2019 wurden im gesamten Wohnungs‐ und Nichtwohnungsbau Deutschlands rund 130 Mio. Kubikmeter umbauter Raum (m3 u.R.) überwiegend aus Stahlbeton und rund 122 Mio. m3 u.R. aus Mauerwerk errichtet. Mit einem Marktanteil von etwa 72 % ist Mauerwerk der Wandbaustoff Nummer 1 im deutschen Wohnungsbau. In der DAfM geht es darum, das Bauen mit Ziegeln, Kalksandsteinen, Porenbeton‐ und Leichtbetonsteinen weiter zu optimieren. Bauherren, Bauwirtschaft, Baustoffindustrie, Bauaufsicht, Wissenschaft sowie Beratende Ingenieure und Prüfingenieure ziehen dabei an einem Strang. Der „Deutsche Ausschuss für Mauerwerk e.V.” vereint somit die Kompetenzen im Bereich des Mauerwerksbaus in Deutschland. Die Mitglieder des Vereins haben sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Wissenschaft und Forschung auf dem Gebiet des Mauerwerksbaus zu fördern. Mit der Erarbeitung von entsprechenden Regelungen – ergänzend zu Gesetzen und Verordnungen, DIN‐Normen und Zulassungen des DIBt – hat der DAfM Richtlinienkompetenz für die Anwendung von Mauerwerkskonstruktionen am Bau erworben. Wenn man bedenkt, dass der Deutsche Ausschuss für Stahlbeton (DAfStb) schon seit über 100 Jahren diese Funktion für den Stahlbetonbau wahrnimmt, war die Gründung des DAfM überfällig. Das im DAfM gebündelte Know‐how bildet das Fundament für den Mauerwerksbau von morgen. Wer Lust hat, den Mauerwerksbau weiter voranzubringen, ist als Mitglied jederzeit herzlich willkommen.
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Feasibility, acceptability, and proof‐of‐concept for children and adolescents
Authors: Thomas Jennifer J. , Becker Kendra R. , Kuhnle Megan C. , Jo Jenny H. , Harshman Stephanie G. , Wons Olivia B. , Keshishian Ani C. , Hauser Kristine , Breithaupt Lauren , Liebman Rachel E. , Misra Madhusmita , Wilhelm Sabine , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Eddy Kamryn T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the optimal treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). The purpose of this study was to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and proof‐of‐concept for cognitive‐behavioral therapy for ARFID (CBT‐AR) in children and adolescents.MethodMales and females (ages 10–17 years) were offered 20–30 sessions of CBT‐AR delivered in a family‐based or individual format.ResultsOf 25 eligible individuals, 20 initiated treatment, including 17 completers and 3 dropouts. Using intent‐to‐treat analyses, clinicians rated 17 patients (85%) as “much improved” or “very much improved.” ARFID severity scores (on the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview) significantly decreased per both patient and parent report. Patients incorporated a mean of 16.7 (SD = 12.1) new foods from pre‐ to post‐treatment. The underweight subgroup showed a significant weight gain of 11.5 (SD = 6.0) pounds, moving from the 10th to the 20th percentile for body mass index. At post‐treatment, 70% of patients no longer met criteria for ARFID.DiscussionThis is the first study of an outpatient manualized psychosocial treatment for ARFID in older adolescents. Findings provide evidence of feasibility, acceptability, and proof‐of‐concept for CBT‐AR. Randomized controlled trials are needed.
An illustrated manual for environmental DNA research: Water sampling guidelines and experimental protocols
Authors: Minamoto Toshifumi , Miya Masaki , Sado Tetsuya , Seino Satoquo , Doi Hideyuki , Kondoh Michio , Nakamura Keigo , Takahara Teruhiko , Yamamoto Satoshi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Araki Hitoshi , Iwasaki Wataru , Kasai Akihide , Masuda Reiji , Uchii Kimiko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA)‐based assessments of macro‐organisms have now become an essential approach for biomonitoring. eDNA survey methods have a number of advantages over conventional survey methods. However, the value of the data that will accumulate would be greatly enhanced by standardizing the analysis methods, which would allow us to compare data from multiple monitoring sites at different points in time. The eDNA Society (http://ednasociety.org/en/about), whose founding members consist of Japanese researchers conducting eDNA studies on macro‐organisms, was established in 2018, with the aim of expanding eDNA technology and science. Here, we introduce our key publication, “Environmental DNA Sampling and Experiment Manual” (http://ednasociety.org/en/manual), which was published under the initiative of the eDNA Society. Detailed methods for the surveys and experiments are described in the manual, including the selection of sampling sites, sampling methods, filtration methods, DNA extraction, species‐specific detection by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and fish eDNA metabarcoding. The manual assists users in conducting standardized surveys and quality experiments, and provides a basis for collecting comparable data. Given that the efficacy of methods can be context dependent and variable, and that procedures may sometimes conflict with standardization, it is difficult to ensure that all processes are equally effective. However, even in such cases, it is important to maintain sufficiently high data quality by setting the minimum standards to be followed. Implementation of such standardized methodologies will enable the systematic and frequent collection of flawless, comparable eDNA data from around the world; this will provide important fundamental information for biodiversity conservation, as well as the sustainable use of fisheries resources.
Role and task allocation framework for Multirobot collaboration with latent knowledge estimation
Authors: Gianni Mario , Uddin Mohammad Salah 
Published: August 2020

SummaryIn this work a novel framework for modeling role and task allocation in Cooperative Heterogeneous Multi‐Robot Systems (CHMRSs) is presented. This framework encodes a CHMRS as a set of multidimensional relational structures (MDRSs). This set of structure defines collaborative tasks through both temporal and spatial relations between processes of heterogeneous robots. These relations are enriched with tensors which allow for geometrical reasoning about collaborative tasks. A learning schema is also proposed in order to derive the components of each MDRS. According to this schema, the components are learnt from data reporting the situated history of the processes executed by the team of robots. Data are organized as a multirobot collaboration treebank (MRCT) in order to support learning. Moreover, a generative approach, based on a probabilistic model, is combined together with nonnegative tensor decomposition (NTD) for both building the tensors and estimating latent knowledge. Preliminary evaluation of the performance of this framework is performed in simulation with three heterogeneous robots, namely, two Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and one Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).
Respiration‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators for biomedical applications
Authors: Li Jun , Long Yin , Yang Fan , Wang Xudong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a fundamental and ubiquitous body motion, respiration offers a large amount of biomechanical energy with an average power up to the Watt level through movements of multiple muscles. The energy from respiration featured with excellent stability, accessibility and continuality inspires the design and engineering of biomechanical energy harvesting devices, such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), to realize human‐powered electronics. This review article is thus dedicated to the emerging respiration‐driven TENG technology, covering fundamentals, applications, and perspectives. Specifically, the human breathing mechanics are first introduced serving as the base for the developments of TENG devices with different configurations. Biomedical applications including electrical energy generation, healthcare monitoring, air filtration, gas sensing, electrostimulation, and powering implantable medical devices are then analyzed focusing on the design‐application relationships. At last, current developments are summarized and critical challenges for driving these intriguing developments toward practical applications are discussed together with promising solutions.image