bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Vision Analysis of Reduced Interpersonal Affect Coordination in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Zampella Casey J. , Bennetto Loisa , Herrington John D. 
Published: July 2020

Atypical social–emotional reciprocity is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but can be difficult to operationalize. One measurable manifestation of reciprocity may be interpersonal coordination, the tendency to align the form and timing of one's behaviors (including facial affect) with others. Interpersonal affect coordination facilitates sharing and understanding of emotional cues, and there is evidence that it is reduced in ASD. However, most research has not measured this process in true social contexts, due in part to a lack of tools for measuring dynamic facial expressions over the course of an interaction. Automated facial analysis via computer vision provides an efficient, granular, objective method for measuring naturally occurring facial affect and coordination. Youth with ASD and matched typically developing youth participated in cooperative conversations with their mothers and unfamiliar adults. Time‐synchronized videos were analyzed with an open‐source computer vision toolkit for automated facial analysis, for the presence and intensity of facial movements associated with positive affect. Both youth and adult conversation partners exhibited less positive affect during conversations when the youth partner had ASD. Youth with ASD also engaged in less affect coordination over the course of conversations. When considered dimensionally across youth with and without ASD, affect coordination significantly predicted scores on rating scales of autism‐related social atypicality, adaptive social skills, and empathy. Findings suggest that affect coordination is an important interpersonal process with implications for broader social–emotional functioning. This preliminary study introduces a promising novel method for quantifying moment‐to‐moment facial expression and emotional reciprocity during natural interactions.Lay SummaryThis study introduces a novel, automated method for measuring social–emotional reciprocity during natural conversations, which may improve assessment of this core autism diagnostic behavior. We used computerized methods to measure facial affect and the degree of affect coordination between conversation partners. Youth with autism displayed reduced affect coordination, and reduced affect coordination predicted lower scores on measures of broader social–emotional skills.
Plasmid Design for Tunable Two‐Enzyme Co‐Expression Promotes Whole‐Cell Production of Cellobiose
Authors: Schwaiger Katharina N. , Voit Alena , Dobiašová Hana , Luley Christiane , Wiltschi Birgit , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCatalyst development for biochemical cascade reactions often follows a “whole‐cell‐approach” in which a single microbial cell is made to express all required enzyme activities. Although attractive in principle, the approach can encounter limitations when efficient overall flux necessitates precise balancing between activities. This study shows an effective integration of major design strategies from synthetic biology to a coherent development of plasmid vectors, enabling tunable two‐enzyme co‐expression in E. coli, for whole‐cell‐production of cellobiose. An efficient transformation of sucrose and glucose into cellobiose by a parallel (countercurrent) cascade of disaccharide phosphorylases requires the enzyme co‐expression to cope with large differences in specific activity of cellobiose phosphorylase (14 U mg−1) and sucrose phosphorylase (122 U mg−1). Mono‐ and bicistronic co‐expression strategies controlling transcription, transcription‐translation coupling or plasmid replication are analyzed for effect on activity and stable producibility of the whole‐cell‐catalyst. A key role of bom (basis of mobility) for plasmid stability dependent on the ori is reported and the importance of RBS (ribosome binding site) strength is demonstrated. Whole cell catalysts show high specific rates (460 µmol cellobiose min−1 g−1 dry cells) and performance metrics (30 g L−1; ∼82% yield; 3.8 g L−1 h−1 overall productivity) promising for cellobiose production.
Advances in Cell‐Free Biosensors: Principle, Mechanism, and Applications
Authors: Zhang Liyuan , Guo Wei , Lu Yuan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSynthetic biology has promoted the development of biosensors as tools for detecting trace substances. In the past, biosensors based on synthetic biology have been designed on living cells, but the development of cell biosensors has been greatly limited by defects such as genetically modified organism problem and the obstruction of cell membrane. However, the advent of cell‐free synthetic biology addresses these limitations. Biosensors based on the cell‐free protein synthesis system have the advantages of higher safety, higher sensitivity, and faster response time over cell biosensors, which make cell‐free biosensors have a broader application prospect. This review summarizes the workflow of various cell‐free biosensors, including the identification of analytes and signal output. The detection range of cell‐free biosensors is greatly enlarged by different recognition mechanisms and output methods. In addition, the review also discusses the applications of cell‐free biosensors in environmental monitoring and health diagnosis, as well as existing deficiencies and aspects that should be improved. In the future, through continuous improvement and optimization, the potential of cell‐free biosensors will be stimulated, and their application fields will be expanded.
Simulated model of RAPID concept: highlighting innate inflammation and liver regeneration
Authors: Shi J H , Yan X , Zhang S J , Line P D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
The resection and partial liver segment II/III transplantation with delayed total hepatectomy (RAPID) concept is a novel transplantation technique for removal of non-resectable liver tumours. The aim of this study was to establish a simulated RAPID model to explore the mechanism involved in the liver regeneration.

Methods
A RAPID model was created in rats involving cold ischaemia and reperfusion of the selected future liver remnant (FLR), portal vein ligation, followed by resection of the deportalized lobes in a second step. Histology, liver regeneration and inflammatory markers in RAPID-treated rats were compared with those in controls that underwent 70 per cent hepatectomy with the same FLR size. The effects of interleukin (IL) 6 and macrophage polarization on hepatocyte viability were evaluated in an in vitro co-culture system of macrophages and BRL hepatocytes.

Results
The survival rate in RAPID and control hepatectomy groups was 100 per cent. The regeneration rate was higher in the RAPID-treated rats, with higher levels of IL-6 and M1 macrophage polarization (P &lt; 0·050). BRL hepatocytes co-cultured with M1 macrophages showed a higher proliferation rate through activation of the IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. This enhancement of proliferation was inhibited by tocilizumab or gadolinium trichloride (P &lt; 0·050).

Conclusion
The surgical model provides a simulation of RAPID that can be used to study the liver regeneration profile. Surgical RelevanceThe mechanisms sustaining liver regeneration are a relevant field of research to reduce the ‘small for size’ liver syndrome when the future liver remnant is not adequate. Several surgical strategies have been introduced both for liver resection and transplant surgery, mostly related to this issue and to the scarcity of grafts, among these the RAPID concept involving the use of an auxiliary segment II/III donor liver that expands to a sufficient size until a safe second-stage hepatectomy can be performed. Understanding the mechanisms and pitfalls of the liver regeneration profile may help in tailoring surgical strategies and in selecting patients. In this experimental model the authors investigated liver histology, regeneration and inflammatory markers in RAPID-treated rats.
Differences in the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation between methamphetamine and heroin use disorder individuals: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhu Jia , Li Qiang , Wang Yarong , Li Yongbin , Chen Jiajie , Dang Shan , Chen Jing , Shi Hong , Xue Jiuhua , Li Wei , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionMethamphetamine has surpassed heroin as the most popular abused drug in China. Although the use of both heroin and methamphetamine leads to use disorders through dysfunction of the dopamine pathway, the incidence of psychiatric disorder caused by methamphetamine abuse is higher than the incidence of psychiatric disorder caused by heroin abuse. The difference in resting‐state function between heroin use disorder (HUD) and methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and the relationship between resting‐state function and psychiatric disorder related to MAUD are unknown.MethodsIn the present study, 21 male individuals with MAUD, 21 demographically matched individuals with HUD, and 21 normal controls (NC) were recruited. The amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) during resting‐state brain function was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatric status was evaluated by the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL90).ResultsIndividuals with MAUD had increased SCL90 scores compared to those of the NC for anxiety, paranoia, and additional items, and the hostility score was significantly increased compared to that of individuals with HUD. There is no significant difference between HUD and NC individuals. Individuals with MAUD had increased ALFF compared to those of the NC for thalamus, right postcentral, and right inferior temporal gyri, but a decreased ALFF in the cerebellum. Individuals with HUD had significantly increased ALFF compared to those of the NC for left middle frontal gyrus but a decreased ALFF in the left postcentral gyrus. Individuals with MAUD had significantly increased ALFF compared to those of the HUD for thalamus, the right inferior temporal, and bilateral postcentral gyri, and the ALFF of cerebellum and left middle frontal was significantly increased.ConclusionsMethamphetamine can induce more serious psychiatric disorders than heroin. The resting‐state function involved in mood adjustment, the auditory, and memory‐related brain regions may affect psychotic symptoms related to MAUD.
Modulated radiation protocol achieves marked reduction of radiation exposure for chronic total coronary occlusion intervention
Authors: Werner Gerald S. , Yaginuma Kenji , Koch Matthias , Tischer Karlheinz , Silber Martin , Werner Juliane , Keuser Thomas , Moehlis Hiller 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of a new acquisition protocol to reduce radiation exposure.BackgroundPercutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) are characterized by the highest radiation exposure among PCI procedures.MethodsWe analyzed 552 consecutive CTO procedures between January 2018 and October 2019. After 366 procedures (Group 1) a modified radiation acquisition protocol was implemented for the subsequent 186 procedures (Group 2). Besides a low fluoroscopy frame rate of 6/s and cine frame rate of 7.5/s for both groups, additional modifications consisted of increased copper filtering with lower entry dose in combination with a modified image postprocessing. Radiation exposure was assessed as air kerma (AK; mGy), and dose–area product (DAP; cGy*cm2).ResultsThere was no significant difference in lesion or procedural complexity between the study groups with 46 and 43% of the procedures done via the retrograde approach. While fluoroscopy time remained similar (median: 32.7 vs. 34.3 min), the protocol modifications resulted in a drastic reduction of AK by 68% from 2,040 (1,321–3,339) mGy to 655 (415–1,113) mGy (p < .001) without affecting the procedural success rate. DAP was equally decreased by 71%. These considerable reductions were observed even in obese patients of BMI > 30. In Group 2, not a single procedure exceeded the 5 Gy threshold as compared to 10.4% in Group 1.ConclusionsRadiation exposure decreased considerably with a new acquisition protocol without affecting procedure duration and success. These modifications were applicable also to patients with a high BMI.
Assessing the Effect of the Electron‐Beam Irradiation on Pd/Ga2O3 Catalyst under Ambient Pressure
Authors: Wang Yongzhao , Niu Yiming , Gao Tongtong , Liu Siyang , Zhang Bingsen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroducing atmosphere in transmission electron microscope enables to directly observe the structural features of catalyst under working conditions. It offers the possibility to study the microstructural evolution and correlate real structures with catalytic properties at nano‐ or atomic‐scale during catalysis. However, the damages to catalyst derived from the high energy electron‐beam irradiation cannot be ignored and may lead to ambiguous conclusions, as the interaction between reactive gas molecules and active structures is only desired. Herein, the α‐Ga2O3 supported Pd catalyst was selected as a model to evaluate the potential effect of electron‐beam on the surface and interface structures, which directly affect the catalytic performance, at varied atmospheres, elevated temperatures and increased electron dose rate in ambient pressure. The results indicate that the supported Pd nanoparticles could be encapsulated by GaOx layer when the imaging electron dose rate is higher than 100 e/Å2s under reduction and oxidizing atmosphere. Either increasing the electron dose rate or elevating the temperature exacerbates the irradiation damage to α‐Ga2O3 support. This work was expected to evaluate the effect of electron dose rate to supported catalysts under chemical environments, and provide guidance for the investigation of in‐situ transmission electron microscopy under ambient pressure.
Synthesis of 2‐Organylchalcogenopheno[2,3‐b]pyridines from Elemental Chalcogen and NaBH4/PEG‐400 as a Reducing System: Antioxidant and Antinociceptive Properties
Authors: Peglow Thiago J. , Bartz Ricardo H. , Martins Carolina C. , Belladona Andrei L. , Luchese Cristiane , Wilhelm Ethel A. , Schumacher Ricardo F. , Perin Gelson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn alternative method to prepare 2‐organylchalcogenopheno[2,3‐b]pyridines was developed by the insertion of chalcogen species (selenium, sulfur or tellurium), generated in situ, into 2‐chloro‐3‐(organylethynyl)pyridines by using the NaBH4/PEG‐400 reducing system, followed by an intramolecular cyclization. It was possible to obtain a series of compounds with up to 93 % yield in short reaction times. Among the synthesized products, 2‐organyltelluropheno[2,3‐b]pyridines have not been described in the literature so far. Moreover, the compounds 2‐phenylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridine (3 b) and 2‐phenyltelluropheno[2,3‐b]pyridine (3 c) exhibited significant antioxidant potential in different in vitro assays. Further studies demonstrated that compound 3 b exerted an antinociceptive effect in acute inflammatory and non‐inflammatory pain models, thus indicating the involvement of the central and peripheral nervous systems on its pharmacological action. More specifically, our results suggest that the intrinsic antioxidant property of compound 3 b might contribute to attenuating the nociception and inflammatory process on local injury induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
Evolution of a Metal‐Organic Framework into a Brønsted Acid Catalyst for Glycerol Dehydration to Acrolein
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Huang Liang , Kochubei Alena , Huang Jun , Shen Wei , Xu Hualong , Li Qiaowei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetal−organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid acid catalysts provide active sites with definite structures. Here, Zr6‐based MOF‐808 and its derivatives were studied as catalysts for glycerol dehydration, the products of which (acrolein vs. acetol) are very sensitive to the nature of the catalytic acid sites. Evolving MOF‐808 into MOF‐808‐S with a 120 % increase in the number of Brønsted OH−/H2O coordinated to ZrIV and a vanished Lewis acidity by steam treatment, the post‐synthetically modified catalyst presented 100 % conversion of glycerol, 91 % selectivity to acrolein, and 0 % selectivity to acetol within the active window. Real‐time analysis of the product composition indicated the in situ MOF structural evolution. Overall, the specific MOF‐substrate interaction characterized by the probe reaction provides more understandings on the structural evolution of the MOFs and their impact on the performance as solid acid catalysts.
Strong, Reusable, and Self‐Healing Lignin‐Containing Polyurea Adhesives
Authors: Liu Weifeng , Fang Chang , Chen Fenting , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReusable, self‐healable, removable, and strong bio‐based polyurea adhesives were successfully synthesized via partially substituting polyetheramine with polyetheramine‐grafted lignin and introducing a chain extender containing dynamic disulfide bonds. The polyetheramine‐grafted lignin endowed the polyurea adhesives with significantly enhanced adhesion strength on either metal or wood substrates by introducing intensive hydrogen bonding interactions; the dynamic disulfide bonds played a key role in the excellent self‐healing and reusable performance. The thermostability of polyurea adhesives was also improved by introducing lignin. This work provides a novel approach for the high‐value utilization of low‐cost lignin in recyclable adhesives with excellent comprehensive performance.
A multicenter study evaluation of the ClearLLab 10C panels
Authors: Hedley Benjamin D. , Cheng Guoyan , Keeney Michael , Kern Wolfgang , Padurean Adrian , Luider Joanne , Chin‐Yee Ian , Lowes Lori E. , Rohrbach Justin , Ortega Robert , Smit Astrid , Lo Ka‐Wai , Magari Robert , Tejidor Liliana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMultiparameter flow cytometry plays an important role in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of patients with a suspected hematological malignancy. The ClearLLab 10C Panels consist of four reagent panels (B‐Lineage Tube, T‐Lineage Tube, and 2 Myeloid Lineage Tubes), each consisting of 10 color/10 antibody conjugates utilizing Beckman Coulters proprietary dry format optimized for investigating patients with suspected leukemia or lymphoma. A multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the ClearLLab 10C Panels for qualitative assessment of normal versus abnormal phenotype in peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymph node samples with suspected hematological malignancies. ClearLLab 10C was compared to laboratory developed tests (LDTs) and final clinical diagnosis. Four clinical sites were used to enroll patient's spent specimens (n = 453); three laboratories in North America and one in Europe. Of the 453 specimens, 198 had no malignancy and 255 contained an abnormal population. The diagnostic accuracy of the ClearLLab 10C Panels was achieved with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 95% with respect to patient final clinical diagnosis. The agreement of phenotyping between ClearLLab10C Panels and LDTs was 98%. Any differences noted between ClearLLab 10C and LDT were due to either the presence of populations below the level of detection, the lack of clinical information provided to the evaluators, or marker(s) not present in these panels. Overall, the ClearLLab 10C demonstrated excellent agreement to LDTs and diagnosis. These four reagent panels can be adopted by individual laboratories to assess the presence or absence of malignancy.
Perceptions of genetic risk, testing, and counseling among individuals with eating disorders
Authors: Michael Julianne E. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Hart Sarah J. , Doyle Lauren , Austin Jehannine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders develop as a result of genetic and environmental factors. Given that they are multifactorial conditions with a genetic component, they fall within the scope of practice for genetic counseling, but people with these conditions are rarely referred. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of causes of eating disorders, recurrence risk, and interest in genetic counseling and testing among individuals with eating disorders.MethodAn online survey comprising both multiple choice and free form text questions, vignettes about genetic counseling, and the ED100K (validated eating disorder diagnostic questionnaire) was shared via support organizations and prominent bloggers in the eating disorders community to recruit individuals with a personal history of an eating disorder from November 2018 to February 2019.ResultsIn total, 107 participants completed the survey. They perceived that both experiences and genetics were important factors in the development of their eating disorder. All responding participants overestimated the risk for recurrence of eating disorders in children, often by a large margin, and a notable minority reported that their experience with an eating disorder had a negative influence on their childbearing decisions. After imagined experience of genetic counseling, participants reported significantly decreased feelings of stigma, shame, and guilt. Most participants expressed interest in genetic counseling; fewer were interested in genetic testing.DiscussionGenetic counseling may benefit individuals with eating disorders by providing accurate recurrence risk information and reducing feelings of guilt, stigma, and shame, which may in turn encourage earlier support seeking and recovery.
Self‐admission to inpatient treatment in anorexia nervosa: Impact on healthcare utilization, eating disorder morbidity, and quality of life
Authors: Strand Mattias , Bulik Cynthia M. , Gustafsson Sanna A. , von Hausswolff‐Juhlin Yvonne , Welch Elisabeth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveLittle evidence exists concerning the optimal model of inpatient care for patients with longstanding anorexia nervosa (AN). Self‐admission has been developed as a treatment tool whereby patients with a history of high healthcare utilization are invited to decide for themselves when brief admission is warranted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a self‐admission program on healthcare utilization, eating disorder morbidity, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and sick leave for patients with AN.MethodIn this cohort study, 29 participants with AN in a Swedish self‐admission program were compared to 113 patients with longstanding illness but low previous utilization of inpatient treatment, matched based on age, illness duration, and body‐mass index (BMI). Data on healthcare utilization, eating disorder morbidity, and sick leave were obtained from national population and eating disorder quality registers.ResultsParticipants displayed a >50% reduction in time spent hospitalized at 12‐month follow‐up, compared to nonsignificant changes in the comparison group. A sensitivity analysis comparing participants to a moderate‐utilization comparison subgroup strengthened this observation. In contrast, the approach did not affect participants' BMI or eating disorder morbidity. Regarding HRQoL, mixed results were observed. In terms of sick leave, a beneficial but nonsignificant pattern was seen for participants.DiscussionThese findings indicate that self‐admission is a viable and helpful tool within a recovery model framework, even though it does not lead to symptom remission. In its proper context, self‐admission could potentially transform healthcare from crisis‐driven to pre‐emptive, and promote autonomy for severely ill patients.