bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gallic acid potentiates the apoptotic effect of paclitaxel and carboplatin via overexpression of Bax and P53 on the MCF‐7 human breast cancer cell line
Authors: Aborehab Nora M. , Elnagar Mohamed R. , Waly Nermien E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite advances in treatment, breast cancer remains the widest spread disease among females with a high mortality rate. We investigated the potential effects of gallic acid (GA) as supportive therapy in the management of breast cancer. Anti‐cancer activity with GA alone or in combination with paclitaxel and/or carboplatin was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide. The mechanism underlying the antiproliferative effects was investigated by measuring the expression of the pro‐apoptotic marker (Bax), CASP‐3, anti‐apoptotic (Bcl‐2), and, tumor suppressor (p53) by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and western blot analysis. Cell cycle analysis was performed for the MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line. GA, paclitaxel, and carboplatin alone or in combination arrested cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase and induced Pre‐G1 apoptosis. RT‐PCR showed that the triplet combination significantly raised P53, Bax, and CASP‐3 mRNA expression (20.1 ± 1.41, 16.6 ± 0.43, and 20.04 ± 1.61, respectively) in MCF‐7 cells when compared to single or combined treatment (p < .0001) while anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 mRNA levels were decreased in all treated groups compared to untreated cells. Western blot data of tested apoptotic factors were consistent with RT‐PCR results. For the first time, we show that a minimum non‐toxic concentration of GA increased the efficacy of paclitaxel‐ and carboplatin‐induced MCF‐7 apoptotic cell death.
TWEAK/Fn14 axis is an important player in fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Yitian , Zeng Weihui , Xia Yumin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFibrosis is a common pathological condition associated with abnormal repair after tissue injury. However, the etiology and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis are still not well‐understood. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) belongs to the TNF superfamily and acts by binding to its receptor, fibroblast growth factor‐inducible 14 (Fn14), thereby activating a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways in various types of cells. Besides promoting the expression of growth factors, activation of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling after tissue injury can promote the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which trigger the immune response, thereby exacerbating the injury. Severe or repetitive injury leads to a dysregulated tissue repair process, in which the TWEAK/Fn14 axis promotes the activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts, induces the secretion of the extracellular matrix, and regulates profibrotic mediators to further perpetuate and sustain the fibrotic process. In this review, we summarize the available experimental evidence on the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway mediates the development and progression of fibrosis. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in fibrosis‐associated diseases based on evidence derived from multiple models and cells from injured tissue and fibrotic tissue.
Auto‐catalytic production of eugenyl acetate and eugenyl butyrate using microwave radiation: a kinetic and mechanism‐related approach
Authors: Keramat Malihe , Golmakani Mohammad‐Taghi , Durand Erwann , Villeneuve Pierre , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad Hashem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDApplications of chemical and enzymatic methods of esterification have been limited by low selectivity of chemical catalysts and low productivity and high cost of enzymes. The objective of this study was to produce eugenol esters with high productivity and selectivity using a microwave technique without adding any catalyst or solvent. Specific focus was given to reaction temperature and molar ratio to establish the kinetics and mechanism of eugenol auto‐catalytic acylation using microwave radiation.RESULTSReaction conversion was observed to increase in response to higher temperatures. The optimum molar ratio of eugenyl/acetic anhydride was 1:6, while the optimum molar ratio of eugenyl/butyric anhydride was 1:4.5. A high degree of selectivity (of over 97%) occurred under all conditions of the reaction. Based on modelling studies, it can be concluded that the intended reaction follows second‐order kinetics for both eugenyl acetate and eugenyl butyrate. Microwave heating at 70 °C led to an increase of rate constant by 3.71‐ and 3.83‐fold for eugenyl acetate and eugenyl butyrate, respectively, as compared to the conventional method. This was associated with a decrease in the activation energy (4.38% for eugenyl acetate and 3.11% for eugenyl butyrate) and an increase in the frequency factor (42.31% for eugenyl acetate and 49.84% for eugenyl butyrate) and entropy (4.71% for eugenyl acetate and 5.22% for eugenyl butyrate) as a result of using microwave radiation.CONCLUSIONSThe microwave technique can be considered as a green, low‐cost and quick process for auto‐catalytic production of eugenol esters. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Retention of a cohort of men who have sex with men and transgender women at risk for and living with HIV in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Kayode Blessing O , Mitchell Andrew , Ndembi Nicaise , Kokogho Afoke , Ramadhani Habib O , Adebajo Sylvia , Robb Merlin L , Baral Stefan D , Ake Julie A , Charurat Manhattan E , Crowell Trevor A , Nowak Rebecca G ,   the TRUST/RV368 Study Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women (TGW), face specific obstacles to retention in care, particularly in settings with stigmatization such as sub‐Saharan Africa. We evaluated the impacts of HIV status and other factors on loss‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) and visit adherence among MSM and TGW in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria.MethodsTRUST/RV368 is an open cohort that provides comprehensive and integrated prevention and treatment services for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) at community venues supportive of sexual and gender minorities. Recruitment began in March 2013 and participants were followed every three months for up to 18 months. LTFU was defined as not presenting for an expected visit in the past 180 days. Visit adherence was calculated as a rate of completed visits adjusted by the number of three‐month intervals elapsed since enrolment. HIV and other factors predictive of LTFU and visit adherence were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models, respectively.ResultsA total of 1447 participants who completed enrolment evaluations over two visits as of November 2018 were included in these analyses. Their median age was 24 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 21 to 28) and 53% (n = 766) were living with HIV. LTFU occurred in 56% (n = 808) and visit adherence was 0.62 (95% confidence interval: 0.61 to 0.64) visits per three‐month interval. Participants at risk and living with HIV had median follow‐up times of 12 months (IQR: 6 to 22), and 21 months (IQR: 12 to 30), respectively (p < 0.01). After controlling for other factors, LTFU was less common among participants living with HIV or other STIs and more common among those who did not own a cell phone, sold sex and had never undergone HIV testing prior to enrolment. These factors had parallel associations with visit adherence.ConclusionsRetention was suboptimal in Nigerian clinics designed to serve MSM and TGW. Particularly high LTFU and low visit adherence among participants at risk for HIV could complicate deployment of HIV prevention interventions. Marketing the benefits of testing, improving access to cell phones and nurturing more trust with clients may improve retention among marginalized communities in Nigeria.
Deception detection in repeated interviews: The effects of immediate type of questioning on the delayed accounts
Authors: Izotovas Aleksandras , Vrij Aldert , Hope Lorraine , Strömwall Leif A. , Granhag Pär A. , Mann Samantha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, we examined how different types of interviewing (eliciting more complete vs. less complete accounts) used in an interview conducted shortly after an event affected truth tellers' and liars' responses when they were interviewed again after a two‐week delay. Participants (n = 80) were shown a mock intelligence operation video and told either the truth or lied about its contents in two interviews, immediately after watching the video, and after a two‐week delay. In the immediate interview participants were instructed either to report everything they remembered, or asked spatial questions related to the event. In the delayed interview, all participants were asked to report everything. The differences between truth tellers and liars were slightly larger in the report everything than in the spatial questions condition. Results suggest that an immediate “report everything” instruction can aid to effectively discriminate between truthful and deceptive accounts.
A near‐term drought assessment using hydrological and climate forecasting in the Mekong River Basin
Authors: Kang Hyunwoo , Sridhar Venkataramana 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA seasonal drought forecasting approach using a high‐resolution meteorological forcing and hydrologic model was developed in the Mekong River Basin (MRB), where ground‐based observations are sparse. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate soil moisture, runoff and evapotranspiration, which were then used to compute three drought indices for historical drought assessment (1953–2016) and seasonal forecasting of drought. In the absence of observed soil moisture data, SWAT was first calibrated with streamflow data to derive reliable soil moisture estimates, and historical drought events were validated with the available reference drought index. Based on the calibrated results, the Modified Palmer Drought Severity Index (MPDSI), Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) and Multivariate Standardized Drought Index (MSDI) were estimated to evaluate the meteorological, agricultural and multivariate aspects, respectively, of drought. The total drought durations were 105–220 months, according to the reference drought index, and the estimated drought index captured 60–76% of these drought events. The three drought indices perform somewhat differently, but the 1991–1994 and 2015–2016 droughts were the worst drought events in the last 64 years based on analysis of the severity, duration and area of the meteorological and multivariate aspects of drought. The extreme droughts occurred in the Upper and Mid sections of the Lower Mekong sub‐basins and the 3S region when there were consecutive precipitation and temperature anomalies that continued for more than 2 years. Spatial variability in precipitation deficits and temperature increases were random because these variables affect soil moisture differentially. In addition, 68.4–76.1% of the areas with increased drought were explained by the areas' precipitation decrease or temperature increase. Validation of the multiple drought indices at high resolution can inform sub‐regional variability in drought conditions and hence food and water security in this important transboundary basin.
Climatology of persistent high relative humidity: An example for the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA
Authors: Komoto Kara , Soldo Logan , Tang Ying , Chilvers Martin I. , Dahlin Kyla , Guentchev Galina , Rill Lydia , Winkler Julie A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe persistence of high values of relative humidity for several hours to a few days has wide‐ranging implications for natural and human systems. Among its many impacts, persistent high relative humidity contributes to reduced atmospheric visibility, fog frequency and duration, road and powerline icing, the occurrence of foliar plant disease and the temperature at which heat‐related morbidity and mortality can occur. Despite this, the characteristics of humidity spells—including shifts with climate change—are rarely investigated and consequently poorly understood. Hourly relative humidity, precipitation and temperature for 35 locations in the Lower Peninsula (LP) of Michigan during 2003–2017, and for seven locations during 1973–2017, were used to assess, by biweekly periods, spatial, intra‐annual and inter‐annual variations in the characteristics of relative humidity spells. Two humidity thresholds that accommodate a wide range of applications were used: (1) high relative humidity (HRH), defined as hourly values ≥60%, and extremely high relative humidity (EHRH), defined as hourly values ≥85%. Extended HRH and EHRH spells are frequent across the LP, with HRH spells often spanning 36 hr or longer and EHRH spells commonly persisting more than 12 hr. The probability of HRH and EHRH spells generally decreased with time during 1973–2017, particularly later in the period. Although most spells initiate in the late afternoon and early evening hours, this diurnal preference is less evident as spell length increases, especially for EHRH spells. Furthermore, precipitation is more likely to occur with EHRH spells compared to HRH spells. The orientation and strength of spatial gradients in average annual spell frequency are highly dependent on the choice of humidity and duration thresholds and the temperatures accompanying the spells. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the persistence of humidity spells and illustrates the potential usefulness of temporally‐flexible climatological summaries relevant for a wide range of applications.
The intersection of tumor location and combined bowel preparation: Utilization differs but anastomotic leak risk reduction does not
Authors: McKenna Nicholas P. , Bews Katherine A. , Colibaseanu Dorin T. , Mathis Kellie L. , Nelson Heidi , Habermann Elizabeth B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWhether bowel preparation utilization rates or effectiveness varies based on tumor location is unknown.MethodsThe 2012–2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Colectomy Targeted participant user file was queried for patients undergoing elective colorectal resection for cancer. Bowel preparation was classified as combined, mechanical bowel preparation alone, oral antibiotic alone, or none. Cochran–Armitage tests were used for trend analysis. Multivariable analyses stratified by tumor location were performed for the outcome of anastomotic leak. An additional multivariable model including all tumor locations assessed for interaction between bowel preparation and tumor location on an anastomotic leak.ResultsA total of 29,739 operations were included and the anastomotic leak rate was 1.9% with combined preparation versus 4.0% without preparation. Combined bowel preparation utilization increased over time as tumor location became more distal (both p < .0001). However, the adjusted effect of combined bowel preparation on anastomotic leak risk reduction did not differ by individual tumor location or across all tumor locations (p = .43 for interaction).ConclusionThough the utilization rate of combined bowel preparation increased as tumor location became more distal, its risk‐reducing effect remained similar. Quality improvement initiatives should focus on increased utilization of combined bowel preparation with an emphasis on tumors in the ascending colon.
A novel preoperative risk score to optimize patient selection for performing concomitant liver resection with cytoreductive surgery/HIPEC
Authors: Lee Rachel M. , Gamboa Adriana C. , Turgeon Michael K. , Zaidi Mohammad Y. , Kimbrough Charles , Leiting Jennifer , Grotz Travis , Lee Andrew J. , Fournier Keith , Powers Benjamin , Dineen Sean , Baumgartner Joel M. , Veerapong Jula , Mogal Harveshp , Clarke Callisia , Wilson Gregory , Patel Sameer , Hendrix Ryan , Lambert Laura , Pokrzywa Courtney , Abbott Daniel E. , LaRocca Christopher J. , Raoof Mustafa , Greer Jonathan , Johnston Fabian M. , Staley Charles A. , Cloyd Jordan M. , Maithel Shishir K. , Russell Maria C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhile parenchymal hepatic metastases were previously considered a contraindication to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), liver resection (LR) is increasingly performed with CRS/HIPEC.MethodsPatients from the US HIPEC Collaborative (2000–2017) with invasive appendiceal or colorectal adenocarcinoma undergoing primary, curative intent CRS/HIPEC with CC0‐1 resection were included. LR was defined as a formal parenchymal resection. Primary endpoints were postoperative complications and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 658 patients were included. About 83 (15%) underwent LR of colorectal (58%) or invasive appendiceal (42%) metastases. LR patients had more complications (81% vs. 60%; p = .001), greater number of complications (2.3 vs. 1.5; p < .001) per patient and required more reoperations (22% vs. 11%; p = .007) and readmissions (39% vs. 25%; p = .014) than non‐LR patients. LR patients had decreased OS (2‐year OS 62% vs. 79%, p < .001), even when accounting for peritoneal carcinomatosis index and histology type. Preoperative factors associated with decreased OS on multivariable analysis in LR patients included age < 60 years (HR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.10–11.81), colorectal histology (HR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.69–12.65), and multiple liver tumors (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.21–9.85) (all p < .05). When assigning one point for each factor, there was an incremental decrease in 2‐year survival as the risk score increased from 0 to 3 (0: 100%; 1: 91%; 2: 58%; 3: 0%).ConclusionsAs CRS/HIPEC + LR has become more common, we created a simple risk score to stratify patients considered for CRS/HIPEC + LR. These data aid in striking the balance between an increased perioperative complication profile with the potential for improvement in OS.
Clinicopathological and prognostic features of operable non‐small cell lung cancer patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kaseda Kaoru , Hishida Tomoyuki , Masai Kyohei , Asakura Keisuke , Hayashi Yuichiro , Asamura Hisao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic features of operable non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsA total of 1231 surgically resected NSCLC patients were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between patients with DM (DM group, n = 139) and those without DM (non‐DM group, n = 1092). The clinical factors associated with postoperative complications and prognostic factors were identified.ResultsThe DM group had distinct clinicopathological features. No significant differences in histological invasiveness or stage were found. The presence and control status of DM were independent predictors of postoperative complications. No significant differences in recurrence‐free survival or cancer‐specific survival were observed; however, the DM group had worse overall survival (OS). The DM group had a higher number of deaths from other diseases than the non‐DM group, and these patients had significantly higher postoperative hemoglobin A1c levels than patients with cancer‐related death.ConclusionThe presence and control status of preoperative DM are useful predictors of both postoperative complications and OS in operable NSCLC patients. Concomitant diabetes‐related complications have a negative effect on long‐term survival in diabetic NSCLC patients, and long‐term glycemic control is important to prolong OS.
Kinetics of the oxidation of iodide by dicyanobis(phenanthroline)iron(III) in a binary solvent system
Authors: Khattak Rozina , Khan Muhammad Sufaid , Summer Shazia , Ullah Rizwan , Afridi Humaira , Rehman Zainab , Masood Summyia , Noreen Hamsa , Qazi Raina Aman , Begum Bushra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOxidation of the iodide ion is an important facet of the solar cells such as perovskite solar cells and dye‐sensitized solar cells. The rate of reaction undoubtedly depends upon several factors. Such parameters include reaction media, electrolyte, and the nature of solvents, and electrolyte. If these factors are optimized then the rate of the reaction can be controlled and could be used to get the maximum benefit out of it such as economically and industrially cost‐effective uses of the reaction and globally environmentally benign. We studied the kinetics of the oxidation of the iodide ion in the binary solvent system that consisted of 10% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol and water. The transition metal complex such as dicyanobis(phenanthroline)iron(III) oxidizes the iodide ion spontaneously without any external triggering with a fast rate at 293 ± 1 K. The reaction was probed under the pseudo–first‐order condition with an excess concentration of the iodide ion over dicyanobis(phenanthroline)iron(III) at 0.06 M ionic strength. The reaction was observed independent of the concentration of dicyanobis(phenanthroline)iron(III), that is, the zero order and third order with respect to the iodide ion in the selected solvent system. An overall third‐order was observed for the redox reaction. The value of the multiplication product of the molar absorptivity (ɛ), path length of the cuvette (b), and overall rate constant (k) was deduced to be 1.59 × 106 M−3 s−1. The observed zero‐order rate constant of the reaction was increased by the fractional (1.5) power of the concentration of protons in the excess concentration of acid 1 mM to 0.1 M. The multiplication product of ɛ⋅b to the fractional order rate constant (k′) was found 0.773 M−1.5 s−1 that confirms protonation of triiodide in acidic‐10% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol‐water. The effect of ionic strength showed a similar impact in different compositions of solvents such as 5, 10, and 20% (v/v) tertiary butyl alcohol‐water. The observed zero‐order rate constant was decreased upon increasing the ionic strength in each medium consisting of the binary solvent system.
Acquired MET D1228N Mutations Mediate Crizotinib Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma with ROS1 Fusion: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Zheng , Han Xiao , Li Jiamei , Guo Honglin , Shi Junping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) containing ROS1 fusions can have a marked response to the ROS1-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as crizotinib. Common resistance mechanisms of ROS1-fusion targeted therapy are acquired mutations in ROS1. Along with the use of next-generation sequencing in the clinical management of patients with NSCLC during sequential targeted therapy, many mechanisms of acquired resistance have been discovered in patients with activated tyrosine kinase receptors. Besides acquired resistance mutations, bypass mechanisms of resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-TKI treatment are common in patients with EGFR mutations. Here we describe a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with CD74-ROS1 fusion who initially responded to crizotinib and then developed resistance by the acquired mutation of D1228N in the MET kinase domain, which showed short-term disease control for cabozantinib.

Key Points
The D1228N point mutation of MET is an acquired mutation for crizotinib resistance. The patient obtained short-term clinical benefit from cabozantinib therapy after resistance to crizotinib. The clinical use of next-generation sequencing could maximize the benefits of precision medicine in patients with cancer.