bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, production and water consumption of coriander grown under different recirculation intervals and nutrient solution depths in hydroponic channels *
Authors: Silva Mairton Gomes da , Soares Tales Miler , Gheyi Hans Raj , Costa Islan Passos , Vasconcelos Rafael Souza 
Published: May 2020

Water is an increasingly scarce resource in arid and semiarid regions. The irregular precipitation makes hydroponics a recommended technique for these regions, since it demands less water compared to conventional cropping systems. Two experiments, one from May to June 2016 (autumn) and other from March to April 2017 (summer-autumn), were conducted in a hydroponic system in PVC tubes, using the Deep Flow Technique (DFT). A 2 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement in split-plot was used, which consisted of two nutrient solution depths (0.02 and 0.03 m) and three recirculation intervals of the nutrient solution (0.25, 12 and 24 h), with two coriander cultivars (‘Tabocas’ and ‘Verdão’) in the sub-plots, which were cultivated in the same hydroponic channel. Plant height, shoot fresh and dry matters, water consumption, water use efficiency and visual quality of the coriander plants were evaluated. The coriander cv. ‘Verdão’ was more tolerant to climatic variations, especially when plants were grown in channels with nutrient solution depth of 0.02 m and recirculation interval of 0.25 h, presenting higher growth and production. The recirculation intervals of 12 and 24 h had a negative effect on the variables evaluated; though, this effect was more significant in the summer-autumn experiment, affecting the quality of the plants harvested, especially those of the cv. ‘Tabocas’. It may be concluded that the cultivation of the coriander in the DFT system in PVC tubes is viable, especially in sites with insecure electricity supply.
* Paper extracted from the doctoral thesis of the first author presented in the Post Graduate Program in Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Brazil
Do you believe what you have been told? Morality and scientific literacy as predictors of pseudoscience susceptibility
Authors: Piejka Aleksandra , Okruszek Łukasz 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe aim of the current study was to examine the antecedents of susceptibility to pseudoscientific information. Participants were asked to assess their perceived probability of and familiarity with statements containing popular science misconceptions and pseudoscientific claims, which were fabricated for the study. Measures of scientific literacy, moral inclinations, need for closure, and a set of additional variables were collected. Analysis of the results showed that susceptibility to known pseudoscientific theories predicted falling for novel unwarranted claims. Scientific literacy strongly predicted lower pseudoscience susceptibility of all types. Finally, participants' moral inclinations were found to be a strong predictor of different types of pseudoscientific statements.
Consequences of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on Single Leg Squat Performance in Youth
Authors: Kuntze Gregor , Nettel‐Aguirre Alberto , Brooks Julia , Esau Shane , Nesbitt Colleen , Mosher Dianne , Twilt Marinka , Benseler Susanne , Ronsky Janet L. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) affects body structure and function outcomes that may increase the risk of acute joint injury. The purpose of this study was to examine single leg squat (SLS) biomechanics for youth with JIA and their healthy peers. The study design was a matched pair cohort study.MethodsSixty‐five youth (JIA n = 30; control n = 35) participated in this ethics‐approved study. Participants performed 3 sets of 5 consecutive SLS tasks. Disease activity and functional status were assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score and Child Health Assessment Questionnaire. Indexed (most‐affected leg [JIA]; dominant leg [control]) and contralateral extremity biomechanics were obtained using a 12‐camera system. Outcomes included hip flexion/extension (FE), adduction/abduction (AA), and internal/external (IE) rotation range of motion (ROM). Data were analyzed using a multivariate random coefficient model in R (α⍺ = 0.05).ResultsA total of 29 matched pairs were analyzed. Youth with JIA had low disease activity and performed the SLS with a more internally rotated hip (indexed leg P = 0.023, β = –1.9°). Female participants displayed greater hip FE (indexed leg P = 0.015, β = –4.3°; contralateral leg P = 0.005, β = –4.8°) and IE ROM (indexed leg P = 0.021, β = –2.1°) than male participants. Associations were observed for body mass index and hip IE ROM (contralateral leg P = 0.001, β = –0.4°), knee flexion angle, and hip FE ROM (indexed leg P = 0.001, β = 0.4°; contralateral leg P = 0.001, β = 0.5°) and AA (indexed leg P = 0.010, β = 0.1°; contralateral leg P = 0.002, β = 0.2°).ConclusionThis study identified functional alterations for an SLS in youth with JIA. These findings support the use of physical therapy as part of a multidisciplinary management approach, to restore normal hip posture and movement.
Hydroxychloroquine and Mortality Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the General Population
Authors: Jorge April , McCormick Natalie , Lu Na , Zheng Yufei , Esdaile John , De Vera Mary , Choi Hyon , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been associated with improved survival among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) from tertiary referral centers. We aimed to determine the potential impact of HCQ use on the risk of mortality among SLE patients in the general population.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study within an incident SLE cohort from the entire population of British Columbia, Canada. Deceased patients were matched with up to 3 living controls by age, sex, and SLE disease duration. HCQ exposure was categorized by the time between the last HCQ prescription date covered (i.e., end of supply) and the index date (i.e., death date) as current (<30 days), recent (30–365 days), remote (>365 days), or never used. We used conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of all‐cause mortality associated with current or recent HCQ exposure compared with remote HCQ users.ResultsAmong 6,241 patients with incident SLE, we identified 290 deceased patients and 502 matched SLE controls. Adjusted odd ratios for all‐cause mortality were 0.50 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.30–0.82) for current users and 2.47 (95% CI 1.21–5.05) for recent users compared with remote users. Associations were similar in subgroups according to SLE duration (≤5 years versus >5 years).ConclusionOur general population data support a substantial survival benefit associated with current HCQ use. Increased mortality among patients who had discontinued HCQ recently could be due to a sick stopper effect or the loss of actual HCQ benefits.
Illness Experiences of Chilean Women With Sjögren’s Syndrome: The Patient Perspective
Authors: Herrera Andrea , Sánchez Gonzalo , Espinoza Iris , Wurmann Pamela , Bustos Claudia , Leiva Loreto , Geenen Rinie , Rojas‐Alcayaga Gonzalo 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveSjögren’s syndrome (SS) challenges everyday functioning and well‐being. The aim of this study was to structure and summarize the life experiences of Chilean women with SS in an integrated model.MethodsInterviews from a previous study yielded 75 experiences of living with SS. A sample of 30 women with SS sorted these experiences by content and rated their level of agreement with each experience. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to structure the experiences of the participants with SS in a comprehensive overview. A team‐based consensus analysis was used to define the number of clusters. The level of agreement was examined with Wilcoxon’s signed rank test.ResultsTen clusters were identified and grouped into 6 main categories: symptoms (clusters: mucosal dryness and related symptoms), social environment, emotion management (clusters: fears and sadness), information (clusters: uncertainty and lack of knowledge), coping strategy (clusters: resilience and self‐care), and health staff relationship. The clusters that describe the more common experiences among patients were resilience, self‐care, uncertainty, lack of knowledge, health staff relationship, and mucosal dryness.ConclusionThis study provided an integrated and structured overview of disease experiences comprising both biomedical and psychosocial aspects as being of vital importance for the health of patients with SS. The overview can be used to get a quick impression of disease experiences that are important for an individual patient, in a therapeutic goal setting, and in the construction and evaluation of medical and nonmedical interventions or education.
The Role of Electron Localization in Covalency and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials
Authors: Wang Xuelong , Fan Xiulin , Yu Xiqian , Bak Seongmin , Shadike Zulipiya , Waluyo Iradwikanari , Hunt Adrian , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Wang Chunsheng , Xiao Ruijuan , Hu Enyuan , Yang Xiao‐Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFollowing the fundamental research conducted by J. B. Goodenough, the important role of electron localization induced by elemental substitution is studied. The size and electron negativity of host and substituting ions are two important factors in tuning material properties such as local structure and transition metal (TM) oxygen covalency. However, another factor, electron localization, which is widely studied in catalyst research but largely overlooked for battery materials, deserves systematic studies. A combined investigation using synchrotronbased X‐ray spectroscopy and theoretical calculations is carried out on the Li‐Co‐Mn‐O model system in which the substituting cation Mn4+, with its 3d3 electronic structure, is used as a promoter for electron localization. Results indicate that electron localization greatly influences the CoO bond by making it less covalent, which increases the delithiation voltage. It is also found that during charge/discharge, electron localization tends to make TM K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) spectra show a more “rigid shift” behavior while electron delocalization makes the XANES exhibit a “shape change.” It clearly explains why the K‐edge XANES data of some TM oxides show no “rigid shift” while the nominal valence states changed. This work highlights the importance of electron localization with guidance for XANES interpretation.
Controllable Cellular Micromotors Based on Optical Tweezers
Authors: Zou Xiaobin , Zheng Qing , Wu Dong , Lei Hongxiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicromotors hold exciting prospects in biomedical applications but still face a great challenge. To date, there have been few reports of micromotors with high safety, flexible controllability, and full biocompatibility. Here, a multifunctional method based on an optical tweezer system is presented to realize controllable cellular micromotors. The method not only satisfies all of the above criteria but is also independent of the cell types and materials. Optical tweezers are used to generate a dynamic scanning optical trap along a given circular trajectory, which can trap and drive a microparticle or a single cell to move along the trajectory and thus generate a microvortex. Cells within the microvortex will be controllably rotated under an action of shear stress or torque and their rotation rate and direction can be controlled by changing the scanning frequency and direction of the dynamic optical trap. The proposed method is effective for both immotile target cells and swimming target cells. Additionally, it is further applied to realize synchronous translation and rotation of cellular micromotors and to assemble controllable and fully biocompatible cellular micromotor assays. The proposed method is believed to have potential applications in targeted drug delivery, biological microenvironment monitoring and sensing, and biomedical treatment.
Ambient‐Temperature All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with a Laminated Composite Electrolyte
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Xue Leigang , Goodenough John B. , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study presents a sodium‐ion conductive laminated polymer/ceramic‐polymer solid‐state electrolyte for the development of room‐temperature all‐solid‐state sodium batteries. At the negative electrode side, a negative‐electrode‐benign poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is used as a polymer matrix into which succinonitrile (SN) is integrated to improve the room‐temperature Na+‐ion conductivity. At the positive electrode side, a cathode‐friendly poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) serves as a polymer matrix into which a NASICON‐type ceramic solid‐electrolyte (Na3Zr2Si2PO12) powder is incorporated toward both the enhancement of Na+‐ion conductivity and the prevention of Na dendrite from penetrating through the electrolyte membrane. Through a strategical management of composition, the PAN‐Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐NaClO4 composite and the PEO‐SN‐NaClO4 polymer deliver a balanced Na+‐ion conductivity. Combining the two electrolyte layers, the laminated PEO‐SN‐NaClO4/PAN‐Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐NaClO4 solid electrolyte provides a Na+‐ion conductivity of 1.36 × 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature. With respect to the anodic friendly feature of the PEO‐SN‐NaClO4 layer and the cathodic friendly feature of the PAN‐Na3Zr2Si2PO12‐NaClO4 layer, the laminated solid electrolyte presents a stable electrochemical window of 0–4.8 V. Room‐temperature all‐solid‐state sodium batteries fabricated with the laminated solid electrolyte, a Na‐metal negative electrode, and a Na2MnFe(CN)6 positive electrode exhibit remarkably stable cyclability.
The Art of Integrated Functionalization: Super Stable Black Phosphorus Achieved through Metal‐Organic Framework Coating
Authors: Han Bin , Duan Zaihua , Xu Jun , Zhu Yuxiang , Xu Qingchi , Wang Hao , Tai Huiling , Weng Jian , Zhao Yanli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) is a promising 2D nanomaterial with a great potential in various areas, while its intrinsic instability greatly suppresses practical applications, particularly under harsh conditions (e.g., high temperature). Herein, BP functionalization with Al ion is achieved in an integrated manner through MIL‐53 metal‐organic framework (MOF) coating, which greatly improves both ambient and thermal stability of BP. For the obtained MIL‐53 coated BP (BP@MIL‐53), abundant Al ion within MIL‐53 interacts with the lone pair electrons of BP, and subsequently decreases the BP surface electron density, reducing the reactivity of BP toward O2 and H2O. The MOF growth crosslinks the Al ion on the BP surface, and achieves integrated functionalization to withstand the detachment of individual Al ion from the BP surface. The noncovalent bond of BPAl and highly porous structure of MIL‐53 preserve the physical/chemical properties of BP to the maximum, and render BP@MIL‐53 with super‐stability. This functionalization strategy extends the applications of BP based devices under high temperature conditions. As a proof of concept, BP@MIL‐53 is further utilized as a NO2 gas sensor under relatively high operating temperatures. The BP@MIL‐53 sensor exhibits fast response, outstanding selectivity, and high recovery dynamic process in contrast to bare BP sensor.
Direct Patterning of Metal Chalcogenide Semiconductor Materials
Authors: Wang Wei , Pfeiffer Patrick , Schmidt‐Mende Lukas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLithography is one of the most widely used methods for cutting‐edge research and industrial applications, mainly owing to its ability to draw patterns in the micro and even nanoscale. However, the fabrication of semiconductor micro/nanostructures via conventional electron or optical lithography technologies often requires a time‐consuming multistep process and the use of expensive facilities. Herein, a low‐cost, high‐resolution, facile, and versatile direct patterning method based on metal–organic molecular precursors is reported. The ink‐based metal–organic precursors are found to operate as negative resists, with the material exposed by different methods (electron‐beam/laser/heat/ultraviolet (UV)) to render them insoluble in the development process. This technical process can deliver metal chalcogenide semiconductors with arbitrary 2D/3D patterns with sub‐50 nm resolution. Electron beam lithography, two‐photon absorption lithography, thermal scanning probe lithography, and UV photolithography are demonstrated for the direct patterning process. Different metal chalcogenide semiconductor nanodevices, such as photoconductive selenium‐doped Sb2S3nanoribbons, p‐type PbS single‐nanowire field‐effect transistors, and p‐n junction CdS/Cu2S nanowire solar cells, are fabricated by this method. This direct patterning technique is a versatile and simple micro/nanolithography technology with considerable potential for “lab‐on‐a‐chip” preparation of semiconductor devices.
In Situ Formation of Oxygen Vacancies Achieving Near‐Complete Charge Separation in Planar BiVO4 Photoanodes
Authors: Wang Songcan , He Tianwei , Chen Peng , Du Aijun , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Huang Wei , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDespite a suitable bandgap of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) for visible light absorption, most of the photogenerated holes in BiVO4 photoanodes are vanished before reaching the surfaces for oxygen evolution reaction due to the poor charge separation efficiency in the bulk. Herein, a new sulfur oxidation strategy is developed to prepare planar BiVO4 photoanodes with in situ formed oxygen vacancies, which increases the majority charge carrier density and photovoltage, leading to a record charge separation efficiency of 98.2% among the reported BiVO4 photoanodes. Upon loading NiFeOx as an oxygen evolution cocatalyst, a stable photocurrent density of 5.54 mA cm−2 is achieved at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5 G illumination. Remarkably, a dual‐photoanode configuration further enhances the photocurrent density up to 6.24 mA cm−2, achieving an excellent applied bias photon‐to‐current efficiency of 2.76%. This work demonstrates a simple thermal treatment approach to generate oxygen vacancies for the design of efficient planar photoanodes for solar hydrogen production.
Hybrid Magnetic Micropillar Arrays for Programmable Actuation
Authors: Wang Zhengzhi , Wang Kun , Liang Deshan , Yan Linhai , Ni Ke , Huang Houbing , Li Bei , Guo Zhiwei , Wang Junsheng , Ma Xingqiao , Tang Xuhai , Chen Long‐Qing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStimuli‐responsive micro/nanostructures that can dynamically and reversibly adapt their configurations according to external stimuli have stimulated a wide scope of engineering applications, ranging from material surface engineering to micromanipulations. However, it remains a challenge to achieve a precise local control of the actuation to realize applications that require heterogeneous and on‐demand responses. Here, a new experimental technique is developed for large arrays of hybrid magnetic micropillars and achieve precise local control of actuation using a simple magnetic field. By manipulating the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles within individual elastomer micropillars, a wide range of the magnetomechanical responses from less than 5% to ≈50% for the ratio of the bending deflection to the original length of the pillars is realized. It is demonstrated that the micropillars with different degrees of bending deformation can be configured in any spatial pattern using a photomask‐assisted template‐casting technique to achieve heterogeneous, site‐specific, and programmed bending actuations. This unprecedented local control of the micropillars offers exciting novel applications, as demonstrated here in encryptable surface printing and stamping, direction‐ and track‐programmable microparticle/droplet transport, and smart magnetic micro‐tweezers. The hybrid magnetic micropillars reported here provide a versatile prototype for heterogeneous and on‐demand actuation using programmable stimuli‐responsive micro/nanostructures.
Synthesis Techniques, Optoelectronic Properties, and Broadband Photodetection of Thin‐Film Black Phosphorus
Authors: Zhang Le , Wang Bing , Zhou Yongheng , Wang Cong , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP), a van der Waals (vdW) layered material, has been intensively studied in recent years since the rediscovery of its thin‐film form in 2014. It is considered as a promising material for mid‐infrared (MIR) photodetection, due to its intrinsic narrow bandgap, tunable band properties, decent optical absorption, high room‐temperature mobility, and high compatibility with silicon‐based technology. Here, the recent advances in the synthesis techniques, the novel optoelectronic properties, and applications of thin‐film BP flake in MIR photodetection are reviewed. Over 17 synthesis techniques of BP films, as well as their merits and drawbacks, are summarized and discussed. The recently discovered strain‐, electric‐field‐, and chemical‐doping‐induced bandgap tuning effects in BP effectively extend its optical absorption cutoff wavelength into regime with longer wavelength (>4 µm). In addition, the establishment of BP‐based vdW heterostructures paves a new way to design novel high‐performance MIR photodetectors. BP MIR photodetectors enabled by various photocurrent generation mechanisms (photoconductive, photogating, and photovoltaic effect) and device configurations (transistor‐type, waveguide‐coupled, Schottky‐junction‐type, and heterojunction‐type devices) are summarized and compared.
A Self‐Powered High‐Performance UV Photodetector Based on Core–Shell GaN/MoO3–x Nanorod Array Heterojunction
Authors: Zheng Yulin , Li Yuan , Tang Xin , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelf‐powered UV photodetectors are highly desirable for applications in space communications and environmental monitoring. However, most self‐powered UV photodetectors exhibit unimpressive performance in weak signal detection. Herein, a self‐powered UV photodetector based on the core–shell GaN/MoO3–x nanorod array (NRA) heterojunction system is demonstrated. Homogeneous MoO3–x layers are deposited on GaN NRAs by a simple one‐step physical vapor deposition method. The photodetector device shows an ultrahigh specific detectivity of 2.7 × 1015 Jones at 355 nm without any power supply. Further analyses reveal a responsivity of 160 A W−1 and a high UV–vis rejection ratio (R355 nm/R400 nm) of 2.0 × 104 under zero bias. The self‐powered device also has a fast response speed with a rise/fall time of 73/90 µs. As a result, the self‐powered photodetector, featuring ultrahigh detectivity and responsivity along with fast response, exhibits great potential for applications in next‐generation UV detection. The core–shell NRA structure heterojunction design provides a valuable direction for realizing nanoscale self‐powered UV photodetectors.