bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production networks in Europe: A natural experiment of the European Union enlargement to the east
Authors: Martínez‐Zarzoso Inmaculada , Voicu Anca M. , Vidovic Martina 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper focuses on the 2004 enlargement of the European Union to the East and treats it as a natural experiment to investigate two issues: first, whether there has been a trade creation effect in final and intermediate goods and second, to what extent this effect has been more pronounced for final or for intermediate goods. Using difference‐in‐differences analysis, we find that the effect of the 2004 EU enlargement has been positive for both intermediate and final goods trade, and it is in general greater for final goods. Using a generalized gravity model of trade that controls for the multilateral resistance and bilateral time‐invariant factors, we estimate an increase in bilateral trade of 28% for final goods and 24% for intermediates. However, the effects are heterogeneous by sub‐sector and indicate that the main trade gains were for non‐durable consumer goods and food and beverages primary and processed products.
Small Sample Corrections for Wald Tests in Latent Variable Models
Authors: Ozenne Brice , Fisher Patrick M. , Budtz-J⊘rgensen Esben 
Published: May 2020

SummaryLatent variable models are commonly used in psychology and increasingly used for analysing brain imaging data. Such studies typically involve a small number of participants (n&lt;100), where standard asymptotic results often fail to control the type 1 error appropriately. The paper presents two corrections improving the control of the type 1 error of Wald tests in latent variable models estimated by using maximum likelihood. First, we derive a correction for the bias of the maximum likelihood estimator of the variance parameters. This enables us to estimate corrected standard errors for model parameters and corrected Wald statistics. Second, we use a Student t-distribution instead of a Gaussian distribution to account for the variability of the variance estimator. The degrees of freedom of the Student t-distributions are estimated by using a Satterthwaite approximation. A simulation study based on data from two published brain imaging studies demonstrates that combining these two corrections provides superior control of the type 1 error rate compared with the uncorrected Wald test, despite being conservative for some parameters. The methods proposed are implemented in the R package lavaSearch2, which is available from https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lavaSearch2.
Six‐month breastfeeding maintenance after a self‐efficacy promoting programme: an exploratory trial
Authors: Antoñanzas‐Baztán Elena , Belintxon Maider , Marín‐Fernández Blanca , Redín‐Areta Maria D. , Mujika Agurtzane , Pumar‐Méndez Maria J. , Lopez‐Dicastillo Olga 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundBreastfeeding care plays a fundamental role in establishing breastfeeding and longer duration after discharge. Practices though vary among professionals involved and are often inconsistent with good practices recommended, being a threat to women’s breastfeeding self‐efficacy. Breastfeeding self‐efficacy is considered a predictor for successful breastfeeding and a significant variable amenable to intervention for promoting lactationAimTo evaluate the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of a new breastfeeding self‐efficacy promoting programme (SIALAC) on 6‐month breastfeeding maintenance.MethodsIn this exploratory multi‐centre controlled trial, participants were allocated into control and intervention groups sequentially. Professionals in charge of the treatment groups were trained in between, with an especial focus on reducing practice variability. Control and intervention group women received usual care, and the intervention group received in addition SIALAC, a three‐stage breastfeeding self‐efficacy promoting programme. Primary outcome was breastfeeding maintenance up to 6 months analysed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. Student’s t‐test or chi‐square tests were also used for continuous and categorical variables. Data on breastfeeding status and breastfeeding self‐efficacy were collected at baseline, and 4, 8 and 24 weeks after birth.ResultsFrom May 2014 through November 2015, participants were enrolled. The sample consisted of 112 women. No relevant socio‐demographic or obstetric difference was found between groups. The intervention achieved a significant difference between groups in breastfeeding survival (X2 = 4.94, p = 0.026). Six‐month breastfeeding maintenance was significantly higher in the intervention group (67% vs. 55%; X2 = 5.384, p = 0.020). Breastfeeding dropout in the control group was 3.3 (CI 1.1, 10.1) times higher than that of the intervention group at 6 months. Breastfeeding self‐efficacy scores were higher in the intervention group although without significant statistical difference. The programme showed good acceptability.ConclusionBreastfeeding self‐efficacy promoting programme SIALAC was beneficial in fostering 6‐month breastfeeding survival. Full‐scale trial should consider feasibility‐related issues identified.
Successful management of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia using defibrillation and intravenous amiodarone therapy in a cat
Authors: Berlin Noa , Ohad Dan G. , Maiorkis Igal , Kelmer Efrat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful management of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) using cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including defibrillation, followed by continuous rate infusion of IV amiodarone, in a cat with cardiac arrest secondary to tachyarrhythmia.Case summaryA 12‐year‐old previously healthy neutered male Scottish Fold cat presented following an acute episode of collapse. Initial physical examination revealed severe tachycardia and cardiovascular collapse. Within a few minutes after arrival, the cat experienced cardiopulmonary arrest. Electrocardiographic assessment was suggestive of VF, and CPR was initiated, including 2 rounds of defibrillation (2 joule/kg each), resulting in return of spontaneous circulation with sustained VT. After procainamide and lidocaine failed to result in conversion to normal sinus rhythm (NSR), continuous IV amiodarone therapy was initiated, and NSR was achieved. Echocardiography demonstrated severe systolic dysfunction, and tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy (TICM) secondary to chronic VT was suspected; however, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or end‐stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could not be ruled out. The patient was discharged the following day with oral amiodarone and pimobendan. During a recheck examination performed 7 months later the cat was in NSR, with no direct evidence of long‐term amiodarone adverse effects. The cat died acutely at home 8 months after discharge.New or unique information providedThis report is the first to describe the successful use of IV amiodarone in a cat to manage sustained VT following CPR.
Review of Geometric Uncertainty Quantification in Gas Turbines
Authors: Wang Junying , Zheng Xinqian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to the manufacturing error and in-service degradation of gas turbines, there is always a deviation between the actual geometry and the design geometry. This geometric deviation has a prominent uncertainty characteristic, resulting in a dispersion of the gas turbine performance and thereby reducing the manufacturing qualification rate and service life. As the performance and reliability requirements of gas turbines increase continually, more and more attention has been paid to the quantitative study of the effect of the geometric uncertainty on performance. In this paper, the main sources and features of gas turbine geometric uncertainty are reviewed first. Then, the basic principles, characteristics, and application in gas turbines of different uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods are reviewed. Finally, the progress, challenges, and prospects for correlational research are summarized in the conclusion.
Design of Diffractive Optical Elements by Direct and Indirect Construction of Diffraction Pattern: A Comparative Study
Authors: Xiong Hui , Sun Liaoxin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, we present the design method of diffractive beam splitters via two comparative technical routes, the first referred as the direct scheme and the second referred as the indirect scheme. Comparative study is carried on the design procedures and results. The advantages of the direct design scheme include overcoming the limit on the number of phase pixels and being capable of realizing beam shaping and splitting simultaneously. Numerical simulation shows that the uniformity of spots array pattern in the direct design is close to that of the indirect design. These results are helpful for the design and application of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in modern optical devices.
The Effects of Self-Myofascial Release Foam Rolling on Muscle Soreness or Pain After Experiencing Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Hjert Corall S. , Wright Cynthia J. 
Published: May 2020

Focused Clinical Question: Does an acute bout of foam rolling (FR) help reduce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)-related muscle soreness or pain in the first 0–72 hr? Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate quality evidence to support the use of FR to reduce DOMS-related muscle soreness or pain at 24, 48, and 72 hr post DOMS. There is no evidence to support FR to reduce DOMS-related muscle soreness immediately after physical activity, or that FR before physical activity can prevent muscle soreness or pain.
Effects of a Virtual Reality Dance Training Program on Kyphosis Angle and Respiratory Parameters in Young Women With Postural Hyperkyphosis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Taslimipour Sahba , Rojhani-Shirazi Zahra , Hemmati Ladan , Rezaei Iman 
Published: May 2020

Context: Thoracic hyperkyphosis, one of the most common spinal deformities, may lead to undesirable pulmonary outcomes. Objective: To study, the efficacy of virtual reality exercise training on thoracic hyperkyphosis and respiratory parameters in young women. Design: Randomized clinical trial. Setting: Laboratory setting. Participants and Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two 4-week exercise training groups: regular training (RT), which involved stretch and strength training, or virtual reality with RT (VRRT), which involved dance training with the Xbox 360 Kinect® game in addition to the exercises, which the RT group received. Main Outcome Measures: The authors measured kyphosis angle with a Flexicurve ruler and recorded respiratory parameters (forced vital capacity [FVC] and forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]) with a spirometer in each participant at baseline and postintervention. Separate 2 × 2 repeated-measure analysis of variances were used to analyze differences between means for kyphosis angle, FEV1, and FVC. Based on the significant interactions between time and group, the paired t test was used to compare the results at baseline and postintervention, and the independent sample t test was used to compare the differences in changes between groups. Level of significance was considered at P < .05 except for paired t test that was adjusted to P < .025 for each variable in 2 groups. Results: The results showed statistically significant interactions between time and group for kyphosis angle, FEV1, and FVC. Postintervention thoracic kyphosis angle decreased and FVC increased significantly in both groups and FEV1 improved significantly in virtual reality with RT group. The improvements in thoracic kyphosis, FVC, and FEV1 in the virtual reality with RT group were significantly greater (P < .001) than in the RT group. Conclusion: Dance training with the Xbox 360 Kinect game was an effective therapy in improving thoracic kyphosis angle, FVC, and FEV1 in young women with thoracic hyperkyphosis.
Acute kidney injury following intravenous acyclovir in children
Authors: Sandery Blake J , Erlich Jonathan H , Kennedy Sean E 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children receiving intravenous acyclovir and determine risk factors that may be associated with it.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study, conducted by chart review.SettingThe study was conducted across two paediatric hospitals.PatientsAll inpatients that received intravenous acyclovir in records from January 2015 to December 2015 were reviewed. Only patients with creatinine measurements taken before and after starting acyclovir were included in the study.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was the development of AKI following intravenous acyclovir administration, with AKI defined according to change in serum creatinine.Results150 patients were included in the analysis. Patients’ ages ranged from 2 days to 18.6 years. 27 children (18%) developed at least stage 1 AKI. Children receiving cancer treatment developed AKI more frequently than children with other diagnoses; 29.3% vs 10.9% (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 8.2, p=0.008). The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was higher in those children who developed AKI. 34% of children had an eGFR >120 mL/min/1.73 m2 prior to acyclovir use. 31% of these children developed AKI compared with only 11% of those with a normal baseline eGFR (OR 3.6, 95 CI 1.3 to 10.1, p=0.02). Baseline eGFR was a significant predictor of AKI in a multivariable analysis that included cumulative dose and treatment duration (OR 1.02, p=0.013).ConclusionAKI following intravenous acyclovir exposure is common in children. This study raises the possibility that glomerular hyperfiltration is a previously unrecognised risk factor for acyclovir-induced AKI.
Umbilical cord interleukin-6 predicts outcome in very low birthweight infants in a high HIV-burden setting: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mackay Cheryl Anne , Smit James Stephanus , Khan Farhaad , Dessai Fazana , Connolly Catherine , Masekela Refiloe 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesSouth Africa has a double burden of high neonatal mortality and maternal HIV prevalence. Common to both is a proinflammatory in utero and perinatal milieu. The aim of this study was to determine cytokine profiles in HIV exposed (HE) and HIV unexposed (HU) very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and to determine whether these were associated with predischarge outcomes.DesignSingle-centre, prospective cohort study conducted from 1 June 2017 to 31 January 2019.PatientsInborn infants with birth weight of <1500 g were enrolled and cord blood was collected for interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) assays. Participants provided informed consent and ethics approval was obtained.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was umbilical cord cytokine levels according to maternal HIV status. Secondary outcomes included death and/or serious neonatal infection, necrotising enterocolitis, intraventricular haemorrhage, periventricular leucomalacia, chronic lung disease and haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus before discharge.ResultsA total of 279 cases were included with 269 cytokine assays performed on 122 HEs and 147 HUs. Median IL-6 levels were 53.0 pg/mL in HEs and 21.0 pg/mL in HUs (p=0.07). Median TNF-α levels were 7.2 pg/mL in HEs and 6.5 pg/mL in HUs (p=0.6). There was significantly more late-onset sepsis in the HE group compared with the HU group (41.2% vs 27.9%) (p=0.03). IL-6 levels were significantly higher for those with any adverse outcome (p=0.006) and death and/or any adverse outcome (p=0.0001). TNF-α levels did not differ according to predischarge outcomes.ConclusionThere is no significant difference in IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cord blood of HE compared with HU VLBWs. However, IL-6 levels are significantly higher in VLBWs with adverse predischarge outcomes, and VLBW HEs are at increased risk of adverse predischarge outcomes compared with HUs, particularly late-onset sepsis.
Novel p.G1344E mutation in FBN1 is associated with ectopia lentis
Authors: Yang Yuan , Zhou Ya-li , Yao Teng-teng , Pan Hui , Gu Ping , Wang Zhao-yang 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundEctopia lentis refers to dislocation or subluxation of the crystalline lens. Fibrillin-1, encoded by FBN1, is an important microfibrillar structural component that is specifically required for the suspensory ligament of the lens. FBN1 mutations may cause abnormal structure of microfibrils and has been associated with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. In this study, we characterised a Chinese dominant family with late-onset isolated ectopia lentis caused by a novel missense FBN1 mutation.MethodsEight family members, including four patients with suspected isolated ectopia lentis, were recruited from Shanghai. Clinical data and family history of the proband and other affected family members were collected. Ophthalmic examination, systemic examination and echocardiography were performed. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to detect potential pathogenic variants.ResultsA novel heterozygous missense mutation c.4031 G>A/p.Gly1344Glu in exon 33 of FBN1 was identified. This mutation was detected in all affected family members and led to specific ocular system phenotypes (ectopia lentis, microspherophakia and secondary glaucoma) with minor skeletal involvement (hallux valgus).ConclusionThe novel c.4031G>A mutation in FBN1 is a likely pathogenic mutation for isolated ectopia lentis. Our study expands the spectrum of FBN1 mutations and contributes to better comprehension of genotype-phenotype correlations of ectopia lentis disease.
Progression to type 2 diabetes in women with a known history of gestational diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vounzoulaki Elpida , Khunti Kamlesh , Abner Sophia C , Tan Bee K , Davies Melanie J , Gillies Clare L 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate and compare progression rates to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and healthy controls.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline and Embase between January 2000 and December 2019, studies published in English and conducted on humans.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesObservational studies investigating progression to T2DM. Inclusion criteria were postpartum follow-up for at least 12 months, incident physician based diagnosis of diabetes, T2DM reported as a separate outcome rather than combined with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and studies with both a group of patients with GDM and a control group.ResultsThis meta-analysis of 20 studies assessed a total of 1 332 373 individuals (67 956 women with GDM and 1 264 417 controls). Data were pooled by random effects meta-analysis models, and heterogeneity was assessed by use of the I2 statistic. The pooled relative risk for the incidence of T2DM between participants with GDM and controls was estimated. Reasons for heterogeneity between studies were investigated by prespecified subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and, overall, studies were deemed to have a low risk of bias (P=0.58 and P=0.90). The overall relative risk for T2DM was almost 10 times higher in women with previous GDM than in healthy controls (9.51, 95% confidence interval 7.14 to 12.67, P<0.001). In populations of women with previous GDM, the cumulative incidence of T2DM was 16.46% (95% confidence interval 16.16% to 16.77%) in women of mixed ethnicity, 15.58% (13.30% to 17.86%) in a predominantly non-white population, and 9.91% (9.39% to 10.42%) in a white population. These differences were not statistically significant between subgroups (white v mixed populations, P=0.26; white v non-white populations, P=0.54). Meta-regression analyses showed that the study effect size was not significantly associated with mean study age, body mass index, publication year, and length of follow-up.ConclusionsWomen with a history of GDM appear to have a nearly 10-fold higher risk of developing T2DM than those with a normoglycaemic pregnancy. The magnitude of this risk highlights the importance of intervening to prevent the onset of T2DM, particularly in the early years after pregnancy.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019123079.
Effect of high-salt diet on blood pressure and body fluid composition in patients with type 1 diabetes: randomized controlled intervention trial
Authors: Wenstedt Eliane F E , Rorije Nienke M G , Olde Engberink Rik H G , van der Molen Kim M , Chahid Youssef , Danser A H Jan , van den Born Bert-Jan H , Vogt Liffert 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionPatients with type 1 diabetes are susceptible to hypertension, possibly resulting from increased salt sensitivity and accompanied changes in body fluid composition. We examined the effect of a high-salt diet (HSD) in type 1 diabetes on hemodynamics, including blood pressure (BP) and body fluid composition.Research design and methodsWe studied eight male patients with type 1 diabetes and 12 matched healthy controls with normal BP, body mass index, and renal function. All subjects adhered to a low-salt diet and HSD for eight days in randomized order. On day 8 of each diet, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and plasma volume were calculated with the use of iohexol and125I-albumin distribution. Hemodynamic measurements included BP, cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance.ResultsAfter HSD, patients with type 1 diabetes showed a BP increase (mean arterial pressure: 85 (5) mm Hg vs 80 (3) mm Hg; p<0.05), while BP in controls did not rise (78 (5) mm Hg vs 78 (5) mm Hg). Plasma volume increased after HSD in patients with type 1 diabetes (p<0.05) and not in controls (p=0.23). There was no significant difference in ECFV between diets, while HSD significantly increased CO, heart rate (HR) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in type 1 diabetes but not in controls. There were no significant differences in systemic vascular resistance, although there was a trend towards an HSD-induced decrease in controls (p=0.09).ConclusionsIn the present study, patients with type 1 diabetes show a salt-sensitive BP rise to HSD, which is accompanied by significant increases in plasma volume, CO, HR, and NT-proBNP. Underlying mechanisms for these responses need further research in order to unravel the increased susceptibility to hypertension and cardiovascular disease in diabetes.Trial registration numbersNTR4095 and NTR4788.