bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein increases infectivity in an ACE2 receptor dependent manner
Authors: Ogawa Junko , Zhu Wei , Tonnu Nina , Singer Oded , Hunter Tony , Ryan (Firth) Amy L , Pao Gerald M 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV2 coronavirus responsible for the current COVID19 pandemic has been reported to have a relatively low mutation rate. Nevertheless, a few prevalent variants have arisen that give the appearance of undergoing positive selection as they are becoming increasingly widespread over time. Most prominent among these is the D614G amino acid substitution in the SARS-CoV2 Spike protein, which mediates viral entry. The D614G substitution, however, is in linkage disequilibrium with the ORF1b P314L mutation where both mutations almost invariably co-occur, making functional inferences problematic. In addition, the possibility of repeated new introductions of the mutant strain does not allow one to distinguish between a founder effect and an intrinsic genetic property of the virus. Here, we synthesized and expressed the WT and D614G variant SARS-Cov2 Spike protein, and report that using a SARS-CoV2 Spike protein pseudotyped lentiviral vector we observe that the D614G variant Spike has >1/2 log10increased infectivity in human cells expressing the human ACE2 protein as the viral receptor. The increased binding/fusion activity of the D614G Spike protein was corroborated in a cell fusion assay using Spike and ACE2 proteins expressed in different cells. These results are consistent with the possibility that the Spike D614G mutant increases the infectivity of SARS-CoV2.
Specific interaction of Penetratin with cell surface partners measured with biomembrane force probe
Authors: Soule P , Illien F , Kulifaj S , Joliot A , Gourier C , Sagan S , Cribier S , Rodriguez N 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPenetratin is a Cell Penetrating Peptide able to cross the cell plasma membrane possibly bound to a cargo molecule to be delivered into the cell. The mechanism of its entry is poorly known. A key to a molecular description of this mechanism is to identify the partners of Penetratin at the cell surface during its adhesion and internalization. We used the Biomembrane Force Probe to identify the partners during the first second of adhesion of Penetratin on the cell plasma membrane. We evidenced that heparan sulfates are the first partners after contact as well as unknown partners hidden by sialic acids. Experiments of binding of Penetratin on vesicles bearing charged or sulfated lipids showed no adhesion pointing that a negatively charged partner is not enough and there is a specificity for certain chemical groups bearing the charges. A model of the measured forces of interaction enabled to determine the adhesion energy of a Penetratin with heparan sulfates on a cell to be in the range 18 to 22kBT.
Intra- and extra-cellular environments contribute to the fate of HIV-1 infection
Authors: Ratnapriya Sneha , Harris Miranda , Chov Angela , Vrbanac Vladimir , Deruaz Maud , Sodroski Joseph , Herschhorn Alon 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTHIV-1 entry into host cells leads to one of three alternative fates: 1) HIV-1 elimination by restriction factors, 2) establishment of HIV-1 latency, or 3) active viral replication in target cells. Here we developed an improved system for monitoring HIV-1 fate and provide evidence for the differential contribution of the intracellular environment as well as extracellular environment found in organs of BLT humanized mouse to the fate of HIV-1 infection.
DNA microarray analysis ofStaphylococcus aureusfrom Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Shittu Adebayo O. , Adesoji Tomiwa , Udo Edet E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus aureusis an important human pathogen with an arsenal of virulence factors and a propensity to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. The understanding of the global epidemiology ofS. aureusthrough the use of various typing methods is important in the detection and tracking of novel and epidemic clones in countries and regions. However, detailed information on antibiotic resistance and virulence genes ofS. aureus, and its population structure is still limited in Africa. In this study,S. aureusisolates collected in South Africa (n=38) and Nigeria (n=2) from 2001-2004 were characterized using DNA microarray. The combination ofspatyping and DNA microarray classified the isolates into sevenspatypes and three clonal complexes (CCs) i.e. t064-CC8 (n=17), t037-CC8 (n=8), t1257-CC8 (n=6), t045-CC5 (n=5), t951-CC8 (n=1), t2723-CC88 (n=1), t6238-CC8 (n=1), and untypeable-CC8 (n=1). There was excellent agreement (only two discordant results) between antibiotic susceptibility testing and the detection of the corresponding resistance genes by DNA microarray. Antibiotic and virulence gene markers were associated with specific clones. The detection of the collagen-binding adhesion (cna) gene was unique for t037-CC8-MRSA, the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scn) gene for t045-CC5-MRSA, and the combination of genes encoding enterotoxin (entA,entB,entK,entQ) were noted with most of the CC8 isolates. The t045-CC5-MRSA clone was positive for the mercury resistance (mer) operon. DNA microarray assay provides information on antibiotic resistance and virulence gene determinants and can be a useful tool to identify gene markers of specificS. aureusclones in Africa.
Elucidation of Genome Polymorphisms in Emerging SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ray Manisha , Sarkar Saurav , Rath Surya Narayan , Sable Mukund Namdev 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating effect on the healthcare system and the economy of the world. The unavailability of a specific treatment regime and a candidate vaccine yet opens up scope for new approaches and discoveries of drugs for mitigation of the sufferings of humankind due to the disease. The present isolated whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 from 11 different nations subjected to evolutionary study and genome-wide association study throughin silicoapproaches including multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic study through MEGA7 and have been analyzed through DNAsp respectively. These investigations recognized the nucleotide varieties and single nucleotide mutations/polymorphisms on the genomic regions as well as protein-coding regions. The resulted mutations have diversified the genomic contents of SARS-CoV-2 according to the altered nucleotides found in 11 genome sequences. India and Nepal have found to have progressively more distinct species of SARS-CoV-2 with variations in Spike protein and Nucleocapsid protein-coding sites. These genomic variations might be the explanation behind the less case fatality rate of India and Nepal dependent on the populaces. The anticipated idea of this investigation upgrades the information about genomic medication and might be useful in the planning of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
Study on the vibrational comfort of aircraft in formation flight
Authors: Liu Yaolong 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the passenger comfort changes due to the wake turbulence impact from the formation flight (FF) leading aircraft, which can be a showstopper for the real application of FF to airliners.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking advantage of the overall aircraft design and optimization framework, as well as the module for FF assessment, the comfort level has been quantified for aircraft in solo flight and in FF according to ISO 2631–1 specifications concerning vibration total value.

Findings
The results showed that atmospheric turbulence intensity is the dominant factor in determining the passenger ride quality in comparison to the impact of formation wake flow. According to the preliminary results of this study, passengers seated away from the aircraft mass center encounter larger discomfort. In comparison to mass center, seats away from mass center also experience slightly stronger discomfort due to FF. The current simulation results show that FF is feasible without remarkably degrading passenger comfort level, which agrees well with the flight test results.

Practical implications
As passenger comfort is crucial for civil transport application of FF, the study carried out within this manuscript can give a preliminary indication to the showstopper of FF real-world application.

Originality/value
The proposed strategy can provide quantitative values for judging the possible drawbacks of FF, i.e. passenger comfort issues as mentioned in the literature. On the other hand, the aircraft level study based on reliable data and methods can give important insight for this interesting topic and further help the real-world application of FF for commercial aircraft. In addition, it can serve as preliminary studies for further design and operation modifications for aircraft in FF.
An international market segmentation model based on susceptibility to global consumer culture
Authors: Hernani-Merino Martin , Lazo Lazo Juan G. , Talavera López Alvaro , Mazzon José Afonso , López-Tafur Gisella 
Published: July 2020

PurposeCompanies that wish to market a global brand need to develop a greater understanding of consumers' and potential consumers' susceptibility to global consumer culture (SGCC) with a view to standardizing/adapting their brand according to the desires and preferences of the consumers who belong to specific segments of global consumers. Thus, the aim of the study is to fill a joint segmentation research gap within and between countries based on seven dimensions of SGCC while classifying consumers according to the degree of belonging to specific and hybrid (global citizenship) segments.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was applied online in English in five countries across the Americas and Europe resulting in a sample of 412 consumers. Based on the fuzzy C-means cluster analysis, the study segments the sample of consumers according to the degree of belonging to specific and global citizenship segments.FindingsAnalysis of survey results show three groups; two distinct groups and a third with features of both, a distinct intersection group. These findings suggest that consumers in different countries develop beliefs and attitudes about global citizenship, and this perspective coincides with the characteristics of the intersection group. Consequently, the study shows that fragmentation of the needs of consumers exists within and between countries.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the concept of global citizenship, helping managers of global brands improve their marketing strategy decisions by implementing strategies that are standardized or adapted to specific hybrid segments of consumers that transcend national borders. This study used a statistical method to measure the degree of belonging to each segment.
How do organizational routines paradoxically affect organizational innovation?
Authors: Lin Haifen , Qu Tingchen , Hu Yanfang 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to address how organizational routines paradoxically affect the process of organizational innovation based on a new construct of routines or to investigate the coexistence of both hindering and promoting effects from routines and their differentiated affecting paths.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts an interpretive and exploratory case study on the business model innovation of Yimu Technology Company Limited (Yimu Tech) from product standardization to customization. Considering that this innovation reflects a successful down-up rather than traditional up-down innovation, this paper focuses on it to explore how the most micro routines affect the whole process of innovation. Almost two years were spent in collecting data from Yimu Tech and in following the innovation through approaches of semi-structured interviews, archival data and observation; the data were analyzed through a five-step process before a framework showing the paradoxical effects was finally set up.FindingsThis research specifies the construct of organizational routines and promotes a five-dimensional concept covering the organizational, collective and individual levels of an organization. It confirms the interaction between the performative and ostensive aspects of routines, by showing that the ostensive aspect may not only guide tasks performing but also allow multiple changes, and the performative aspect may affect the ostensive aspect through the down-up or up-down path. Also, it finds that routines may paradoxically affect all three phases of innovation, with a strong up-down hindering effect but a weak down-up promoting effect in the preparation phase, a strong down-up promoting effect but a weak hindering effect in the emergence phase and both significant effects in the consolidation phase.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is constrained by several limitations. The set up framework of routines and their paradoxical effects on innovation need a further confirmation in more contexts or organizations; more elements should be considered in exploring the evolution of routines and their effects on innovations; little attention has been paid to the relationship between these two types of effects, conflicting with each other, joining together or working independently.Originality/valueThe findings offered some valuable insights for further research on organizational routines and organizational innovation and hold important implications for management practices. This research enriched the two-aspect view of routines by constructing a five-dimensional framework; further research studies on routine dynamics by showing the interaction between the performative and ostensive aspects can contribute to the study on effects of organizational routines on innovations by showing how routines promote and hinder innovation simultaneously throughout the whole process. It reminds managers of the strong power from the microlevel of an organization in innovation.
The role of high performance human resource practices as an antecedent to organizational innovation: an empirical investigation
Authors: Noopur  , Dhar Rajib Lochan 
Published: July 2020

PurposeAmong the various human resource practices (HRPs), high performance human resource practice (HPHRP) is gaining substantial importance both from academia as well as industry. Although HPHRP and its work related outcomes have been studied in the previous literature, none have tried to unveil the mediating and moderating factors which strengthen the relationship of HPHRP and organizational innovation (OI). The purpose of this paper is to observe the effect of HPHRP on OI in Indian information technology-information technology enabled services (IT-ITES) sector, where employee competency (EC) is proposed as a mediator and climate for innovation (CI) as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used for data collection was through survey questionnaires. For a good model fit and empirical validation of the proposed model confirmatory factor analysis was done and SPSS macro, PROCESS was used for further analysis.FindingsResults showed that HPHRP has an influence on OI wherein ECs mediate the relationship between HPHRP and OI, additionally CI positively mitigates the interaction between HPHRP and ECs.Originality/valueThe present study is the first of its kind which has empirically examined the mediation/moderation interactions between HPHRPs, ECs, CI and OI in Indian IT-ITES sector. The present research has also responded to the calls of previous research by identifying as to how HRPs create a context for innovative performances.
The SERIES model: development of a practitioner focused emergency response evaluation system
Authors: Holdsworth David , Zagorecki Adam 
Published: July 2020

PurposeEffective Emergency Response Management (ERM) system evaluation is vital to the process of continual improvement within emergency response organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if an entire ERM system can be captured and encoded within a standardized framework.Design/methodology/approachEmploying an exploratory approach the authors apply a mixed methods case study design and inductive reasoning to analyse documentary evidence provided during the inquest into the London Bombings 2005. The authors use content analysis to investigate the nature of ERM system data availability and apply principals of Network Theory to iteratively develop a framework within which data can be encoded.FindingsThe authors find that complex ERM system data can be captured and stored within a standardized framework. The authors present a conceptual framework and multi-stage mixed methods process, the Standardized Emergency Response Incident Evaluation System (SERIES) model, to support data collection, storage and interpretation. The findings demonstrate that ERM system evaluation can benefit from the adoption of a standardized mixed-methods approach employing data transformation and triangulation. The authors also demonstrate the potential of the proposed standardized model, by integrating qualitative and quantitative data, to support interpretation and reporting through the use of appropriate data visualization.Originality/valueThe SERIES model provides a practical tool and procedural guidelines to capture and share vital ERM system data and information across all emergency services. It also presents an opportunity to develop a large comprehensive multi-incident dataset to support academic inquiry and partnership between academics and practitioners.
Utilitarian or entertainment? Value obtained from mobile phones by users in low socioeconomic strata in emerging markets
Authors: Maity Moutusy 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis research empirically investigates the differential roles of utility and entertainment on the value obtained from the use of mobile phones by users belonging to low-income groups in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachThis research reports the findings from an investigation that obtains data through a survey of mobile phone users from urban and rural areas across five emerging markets. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the data obtained.FindingsStudy findings demonstrate that users obtain utility, social as well as entertainment value from mobile phones.Research limitations/implicationsThis investigation uses the capability approach for conceptualizing the capabilities obtained from mobile phones by users from lower socioeconomic strata, a theoretical lens that is particularly suited for explaining behavior that may represent well-being of the user group.Practical implicationsManagers may explore whether the platform of entertainment is a suitable vehicle for offering additional services. This study’s findings also suggest that creating value for customers should be a primary concern in emerging markets, similar to that in developed markets.Originality/valueThis research is among a few that report investigations into the differential roles of utility and entertainment on the value obtained from mobile phones. This study also presents differences in terms of: urban versus rural, younger versus older and male versus female subgroups. This research presents a large-scale multicountry empirical study investigating mobile phone use by users from lower socioeconomic groups in emerging markets.
The impact of corporate governance on intellectual capitals efficiency in Iran
Authors: Lari Dashtbayaz Mahmoud , Salehi Mahdi , Mirzaei Alieyh , Nazaridavaji Hamideh 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of corporate governance on intellectual capital (IC) in companies listed on the Tehran stock exchange.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the board features (size, independence and CEO duality) and the characteristics of the audit committee (financial expertise, independence and size) are considered to measure the factors of corporate governance. The IC is also divided into communicative, human, structural and value-added IC. Research data are gathered using a sample of 132 companies during 2013-2016. Research hypotheses are analyzed using panel data and logistic regression models.FindingsThe findings indicate that while the board’s independence, financial expertise and the size of the audit committee are negatively related to the communicative capital, the relationship between audit committee independence and communicative capital is positive and significant. Further, the authors observe that there is a positive relationship between board independence and human capital, a negative and significant link between audit committee size and human capital. By the way, the results reveal that audit committee independence and audit committee size have, respectively positive and negative impact on structural capital.Originality/valueThe results of the current study may give more insight into the relationship between corporate governance and managerial capital in developing nations.
IT-based product innovation strategies for small firms
Authors: Ko Wai Wai (Joyce) , Chen Cheng-Hao Steve , Liu Gordon , Nguyen Bang , Takeda Sachiko 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study connects the theoretical concepts of strategic orientation and information technology (IT)-based product innovation strategy to suggest that several key factors can help small firms to develop IT-based product innovation strategies.Design/methodology/approachWith data from 245 useable questionnaires (response rate 25.18%) from UK-based small firms in the high-tech industry, the research model was tested and validated.FindingsFindings show that information technology support for core competencies mediates the relationship between strategic orientation and IT-enabled product innovation (ITEPI). Specifically, by distinguishing the different types of strategic orientation and information technology support for core competencies, the study finds that IT support for market access competency (ITMA) mediates the market orientation–ITEPI relationship, while IT support for functionality-related competency (ITFR) mediates the technology orientation–ITEPI relationship. Academic implications arising from the findings are discussed and managerial propositions provided.Originality/valueThis study offers a fresh theoretical angle from which to understand the factors that contribute to ITEPI. More specifically, we argue that strategic orientation reflects managers' focus to pursue certain activities, and that ITEPI serves as organizational activity. Further, this study also extends relevant research in the field of strategy, IT and innovation. It provides a more nuanced picture of how strategic orientation affects ITEPI.