bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric and Metal Depositions Using Xe+ Focused Ion Beams
Authors: Rue Chad , Carrigan Brieanna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Metal and dielectric depositions using Xe+ plasma FIB tools are reported and comparisons are made to depositions performed with conventional Ga+ FIB tools. Xe+-deposited Pt had a resistivity of 1250 ± 360 μΩ·cm, similar to the typical range of 1000-2000 μΩ·cm reported for Ga+-deposited Pt. Xe+-deposited dielectric depositions using HMCHS/O2 precursors had an average resistivity of 1.27 x 1019 μΩ·cm (at ± 10V electrical bias), compared to a resistivity of 1.05 x 1014 μΩ·cm for similar Ga+-deposited dielectric films. A comparison between HMCHS/O2 and TMCTS/O2 dielectric depositions was performed for Ga+ systems, and the HMCHS/O2 depositions were found to be orders of magnitude more resistive than the TMCTS/O2 depositions. The experimental difficulties associated with measuring extremely high-resistance films are also briefly discussed.
Planar Analysis of Copper-Aluminium Intermetallics
Authors: O’Halloran G.M. , van Ijzerloo Arjan , Rongen Rene , Zachariasse Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a quick, reliable, and fully quantitative method of measuring the intermetallic coverage of copper to aluminium bonding at time zero and post reliability stressing. This method is currently used in select manufacturing quality control processes, as well as during product release procedures. By applying this measurement method after various life-tests, it has been possible to collect information on degradation in the copper aluminium system which is currently being used to make a model of the corrosion mechanism in the copper aluminium system.
Laser Voltage Imaging and Its Derivatives—Efficient Techniques to Address Defect on 28 nm Technology
Authors: Parrassin Thierry , Celi Guillaume , Dudit Sylvain , Vallet Michel , Reverdy Antoine , Perdu Philippe , Lewis Dean 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) technique, introduced in 2007 [1][2], has been demonstrated as a successful defect localization technique to address problems on advanced technologies. In this paper, several 28nm case studies are described on which the LVI technique and its derivatives provide a real added value to the defect localization part of the Failure Analysis flow. We will show that LVI images can be used as a great reference to improve the CAD alignment overlay accuracy which is critical for advanced technology debug. Then, we will introduce several case studies on 28nm technology on which Thermal Frequency Imaging (TFI) and Second Harmonic Detection (two LVI derivative techniques) allow efficient defect localization.
How to Interpret the Reflected Laser Probe Signal of Multiple Elementary Substructures in Very Deep Submicron Technologies
Authors: Rebaï M.M. , Darracq F. , Lewis D. , Perdu P. , Sanchez K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The constant size reduction of the elementary structures in integrated circuits (ICs) and their increasing complexity pushes laser probing techniques to their limits. For old technologies these techniques were powerful tools in defects detection and internal analysis, but now the major limitations of the laser spot size implies the understanding of the complex information contained in the reflected beam when it covers an area of multiple elementary structures. Knowing the contribution of each elementary structure covered by the laser spot in the reflected laser beam is the key to have a good analysis and interpretation of the probed area. In this paper we will expose the different parameters that modify the intensity of a laser beam and the contribution of a basic structure covered by a big laser spot size as well as the systematic approach we have built to deal with this challenging reflected laser probe signal from multiple elementary substructures in very deep submicron technologies.
Extending Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy Measurements of Semiconductor Devices Using Microwave Impedance Microscopy
Authors: Drevniok Benedict , Dixon-Warren St. John , Amster Oskar , Friedman Stuart L , Yang Yongliang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Scanning microwave impedance microscopy was used to analyze a CMOS image sensor sample to reveal details of the dopant profiling in planar and cross-sectional samples. Sitespecific capacitance-voltage spectroscopy was performed on different regions of the samples.
High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography—What Synchrotron Sources Can Bring to 3Di Devices Failure Analysis
Authors: Fraczkiewicz A. , Jouve A. , Mourier T. , Bleuet P. , Capria E. , Cloetens P. , Da Silva J. , Lhostis S. , Lorut F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To get both the resolution and the field of view needed, 3Di devices are characterized in this paper using phase-contrast X-ray tomography performed in a synchrotron source. The paper shows how the synchrotron-based tomography can be routinely used as a tool for failure analysis, and how some strategies can be applied to make those analyses more time-efficient and automatic without any loss of resolution. It presents and assesses the possibilities offered by a synchrotron radiation facility such as European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the field of failure analysis in microelectronics. The paper illustrates those possibilities through two main examples, based on two different types of connection of bottom and top tiers in 3D integration, either thermocompression with copper pillars or hybrid bonding using copper pads. Several strategies have been successfully tested for the data acquisition to be faster and to limit the needed human intervention as much as possible.
The Effects of Using 785 nm for Laser Probing
Authors: Leslie Neel , Nemirow Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Visible light probing (VLP) introduced significant spatial resolution improvement by decreasing the wavelength beyond 1064nm. VLP requires thinning the device backside below 10micrometer. Once this challenge is addressed, questions arise regarding invasiveness: how does the laser affect the transistor performance, and how is this manifest in LVx (laser voltage imaging and laser voltage probing) measurements. This paper addresses these questions using a 785nm VLP system. The results are compared with those of 1320nm, 1154nm, and 1064nm when pertinent. It is concluded that changing wavelengths from the traditional 1320nm LVx laser to the visible 785nm laser provides a 40% resolution improvement. Fortunately, decreasing the incident 785nm power eliminates obvious signs of charge-carrier effects. Furthermore, the rise-time is not affected by the laser when measured from the gate.
Laser Voltage Tracing for Electrical Fault Isolation of Circuits Propagating Aperiodic Signals
Authors: Ravikumar V.K. , Ranganathan G. , Phoa S.L. , Pey K.L. , Nemirow C. , Leslie N. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Laser voltage imaging (LVI) and its derivatives are established techniques for isolating broken scan/JTAG chains which work on periodic signals, but are ineffective when debugging aperiodic signals. Laser voltage probing (LVP) works on one transistor at a time which makes it slow for certain debug. Laser voltage tracing (LVT), presented recently, has opportunity to perform an area investigation of aperiodic signals. This paper presents a few applications of this technique to fault isolation (FI).
Solder Bump Joint Failure Investigation: From Sample Preparation to Advanced Structural Characterizations and Strain Measurements
Authors: Nowakowski Pawel , Ray Mary , Fischione Paul 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the detailed sample preparation of a solder joint at the level between a semiconductor package and board. Different sample preparation techniques are described and compared. Preparing and targeting a large sample area containing multiple solder bumps is discussed. The sample preparation methods will then be confirmed by advanced structural characterization and strain measurement. The presence of strain is associated with the development of cracks and delamination at the solder joint interface.
The Development of an EVB Socket Solution for Automotive Mixed-Signal ICs
Authors: Cattey Eric , Van Vianen Alex , Curiel Mitch , Huo Gustav , Dickson Kristofor , Meiche Yvette 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Failure analysis on mixed-signal ICs for automotive applications often requires the use of EVBs (evaluation boards) to replicate the failure mode. Typically, automotive ICs are used in conjunction with other components to create automotive modules, such as; PCM (power-train control modules), ECU (engine control units), TCU (transmission control units), etc. EVBs are used to replicate module level functionality, as well as reproduce ATE (automatic test equipment) tests required for analysis. An integral part of EVB design, functionality and performance is related to the IC socket, which is the direct interface between the IC and the EVB. See Figure 1. EVB socket solutions will vary based on the required analysis (backside / topside analysis), package type and IC functionality.
Фальшиві монети Середнянського замку
Authors: Prokhnenko Igor , Zhilenko M. 
Published: December 2020

У західній частині селища Середнє Ужгородського р-ну Закарпатської обл., на рівнині біля річки Веля (колишня назва Стара), знаходяться руїни замку. На сьогодні з його споруд найбільше збереглася житлова будівля (розміри 18,6 х 16,5 м), яка розміщена в центральній частині архітектурного ансамблю. Археологічною експедицією Ужгородського національного університету замок досліджувався у 2008 та 2017 роках. Під час розкопок замку виявлені фальшиві монети, які з точністю відповідають хронологічному діапазону функціонування пам’ятки, а також відображають діяльність фальшувальників Верхнього краю Угорщини, в продукції яких найбільш масово присутні підробки кремницької продукції. Незначна кількість знахідок не дозволяє робити висновки про основні періоди активізації діяльності “злодіїв в монетній справі”, але три з чотирьох монет належать до часів Фердинанда І, в угорській історіографії названого “золотим віком угорських фальшивомонетників”. Конкретизація інформації про кількісно-якісний склад фальшивих номіналів на Середнянському замку можливий тільки після систематизованого дослідження значних ділянок у різних частинах пам’ятки і поповнення даної групи знахідок новими екземплярами.
Peran Humas DPRD Dalam Menjaga Kinerja Dan Citra DPRD (Studi Pada Dprd Kabupaten Bima)
Authors: Haeril Haeril , Mas'ud Mas'ud , Irfadat Taufik 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran Hubungan Masyarakat (Humas) DPRD dalam menjaga kinerja dan citra DPRD Kabupaten Bima. Jenis penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitiatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa dalam menjalankan perannya Humas membangun hubungan fungsional dengan Publik secara kelembagaan dengan menjalin kemitraan dengan media massa, cetak, maupun online dengan melalui kerjasama advetorial dan Parlementaria dalam rangka pemuatan berita-berita kegiatan DPRD. Humas juga berupaya meng-counter issue (berita hoax) yang beredar di masyarakat atau di media massa dengan cepat, kemudian menerbitkan informasi dan dokumentasi kegiatan DPRD Kabupaten Bima serta mengupayakan pelayanan melalui media center dengan memberdayakan Akun media sosial milik DPRD. Humas juga berperan membentuk hubungan Sub-sistem dengan Publik, melalui tiga pendekatan yaitu sebagai penasehat ahli (Expert prescriber), sebagai fasilitator proses pemecahan masalah (Problem Solving Procces Facilitator), dan teknisi komunikasiAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the role of Public Relations (PR) DPRD in maintaining the performance and image of the DPRD Bima Regency. This type of research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that in carrying out its role, Public Relations builds functional relationships with the public institutionally by establishing partnerships with mass, print, and online media through advetorial and parliamentary cooperation in the context of posting news on DPRD activities. Public Relations also tries to counter issues (hoax news) circulating in the community or in the mass media quickly, then publishes information and documentation of the Bima Regency DPRD activities and seeks services through the media center by empowering the DPRD's social media accounts. Public relations also plays a role in forming Sub-system relationships with the public, through three approaches, namely as an expert advisor (Expert prescriber), as a facilitator of the problem solving process (Problem Solving Process Facilitator), and a communication technician.
The study of lipotropic action of extract from fruit prunus domestica «Prunofit» byanimal models of alcoholic liver diseases
Authors: Kravchenko V. M. , Shovkova Z. V. , Senyuk I. V. , Shovkova O. V. 
Published: December 2020

Searchingof drugs that normalize the function of the digestive glands are important because disruption of digestion underlie the pathogenesis of many diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, hepatitis, gastric ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, cancer etc. The use of herbal objects containing fibres is a promising direction for solving of the mentioned problem. We were attracted by fruits of Prunus domestica which are rich in fibres (homo- and heteropolsaccharides) and are used in folk medicine as a laxative and hepatoprotective agent.
The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the lipotropic properties of «Prunofit» extract. The study of lipotropic properties of the «Prunofit» was carried out in the conditions of subacute toxic liver damage caused by the introduction of ethanol.The content of total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TCh), triacylglycerols (TGs), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and total phospholipids (TPL) were determined in liver and blood serum.
Obtained results of the lipotropic properties study of the «Prunofit» extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg against the background of alcoholic liver damage showed a decrease in the intensity of lipolysis, fatty hepatosis, and manifestations of hyperlipidemia. It has occurred due to a decrease in the content of total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids in the homogenate rat liver by 27.9%, 7.2%, 27.5% and 38%, respectively, and rat serum by 28%, 42.2%, 8.15%, 47.1%, respectively, compared with the control pathology. Against the background of model pathology, «Prunofit» extract tended to increase the content of total phospholipids in the liver homogenate by 37.34% and in serum by 30.2% compared with the control pathology. According to its ability to inhibit fatty liver infiltration, the «Prunofit» extract was at the level of the reference drug «Methionine» at a dose of 155 mg/kg.
NO ONÍRICO, A RESISTÊNCIA: CAMINHOS DA LITERATURA DE GEORGINA MARTINS
Authors: De Moraes Jorge Luiz Marques 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho pretende investigar as imagens que aliam miséria e infância na produção para crianças e jovens da escritora Georgina Martins. Dentro de uma proposta de literatura que se caracteriza pelo engajamento social, a obra da autora comporta uma série de cinco títulos. Todos eles forjam uma realidade sombria e cruel de como o status quo trata a infância. Ao mesmo tempo em que fome, violência e desolação fazem parte da realidade das pequenas personagens, delineiam-se possibilidades de esperança que provêm da imaginação, da criação e, em última instância, da literatura em si mesma.
O CONCEITO AMPLIADO DE SAÚDE NO CHÃO DA QUADRA: DESAFIOS E POSSIBILIDADES NO CONTEXTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Gouvêa Bruno dos Santos 
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar a abordagem do conceito ampliado de saúde nas aulas de Educação Física Escolar (EFE), conciliando construtos de uma teoria sociognitivista e elementos do ideário da promoção da saúde, e cujo contexto é a pandemia de COVID-19. Na primeira parte, analisamos contribuições para pensar a saúde, a partir do Caderno Temático: práticas corporais, atividade física e lazer (BRASIL, 2015). Na segunda parte, descrevemos como a autoeficácia e a autorregulação auxiliam a desenvolver o autocuidado e o empoderamento social para viver bem e com saúde. Na terceira parte, apresentamos possibilidades pedagógicas de tematizar a saúde, por meio de um produto educacional e de reflexões de um professor-pesquisador. A Teoria Social Cognitiva e o Caderno Temático enunciam conceitos que favorecem um ensino crítico, reflexivo e dialógico, de acordo com as noções de promoção de saúde e com uma compreensão multifatorial das relações entre atividade física e saúde.
JOGOS NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: uma construção coletiva para caminhos insurgentes
Authors: Silva Alexandre Carvalho da 
Published: December 2020

Partindo da afirmação que as aulas de Educação Física escolar consubstanciam um espaço fértil de intervenções pedagógicas e que essas assumem frequentemente um caráter restrito a determinadas práticas corporais alinhadas a processos excludentes e acríticos, esse trabalho objetiva apresentar a construção, a vivência, a remodelação e a problematização de jogos e sua conexão com práticas insurgentes. Para tanto, utilizou-se de rodas de conversas constantes e dos preceitos da pesquisa-intervenção para seu desenvolvimento. O estabelecimento de uma relação educativa dialógica favoreceu as decisões coletivas e o mapeamento, as atividades de ressignificação e as rodas de conversa apresentaram-se como potencializadores dessa relação. Os estudantes envolvidos na ação pedagógica destacaram o aumento da participação e do interesse, a mitigação do caráter competitivo e segregacionista e o caráter lúdico como pontos fortes dos jogos. A singularidade dos jogos e sua natureza de aplicação multifacetada propiciam um fazer pedagógico compatibilizado com práticas corporais contra hegemônicas.
Knee biomechanics during squat rising with patella alta and after distal transfer of tibial tubercular surgery
Authors: Akalan N Ekin , Temelli Yener , Özkan Mehmed 
Published: December 2020

Patella alta has commonly seen in prior adolescent cerebral palsy population with crouch gait pattern. Unfortunately, for the treatments of PA and crouch gait, the outcomes of physical therapy, orthotic and surgical treatments are highly questionable. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of patella alta on knee biomechanics and to analyze the benefits of distal transfer of tibial tubercule (DTTT) during dual limb knee squat extension. A three-dimensional dynamic knee model comprising patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints was developed. Patellar tendon length was increased 25% and 50% of its original length to simulate the patology. Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact forces, loads on ligament bundles, tibial rotations and quadriceps efficiencies were compared for patology, normal and after DTTT surgery (DTTTS). The results showed that patella alta, increases the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compressive force, alters the neutral tension of ligament bundles, reduces the medio-lateral knee stability and increases the efficiency of the quadriceps muscle during squat rising. Even though DTTTS normalized some of the biomechanical alterations, internal rotation in higher flexion angles, valgus-varus rotation of the tibia and the tension of aACL and PCL remained different than normal. These alterations may play a contributory role to develop cartilage degeneration on tibiofemoral and patellofermoral joints. Inadequate quadriceps force and abnormal loading pattern on some of the ligaments may also contribute to the recurrence mechanism of crouch gait after DTTTS surgery.
Evrensel Çocuk Hakları Kapsamında Mülteci Çocuklar
Authors: Kaya Sümeyye , Güzel Polat Özlem , Yiğit Rana 
Published: December 2020

Çocukların büyüme ve gelişmeleri, sağlıklarının sürdürülmesi çevresel koşullarıyla ayrı düşünülemez. Ailesi ve çevresiyle bütün olarak gelişen çocuk, değişen çevre koşulları, travmatik olaylaramaruz kalma, yakınlarını kaybetme gibi durumlardan etkilenebilmektedirler. Mülteci çocuklar bu koşulları en çok deneyimleyen dezavantajlı gruplardan biridir. Çocukların doğuştan sahip oldukları haklar dezavantajlı gruplar için daha önemli bir hal almaktadır. Çocukla çalışan sağlık profesyonellerinin, çocuk hakları kapsamında mülteci çocukların kapsamlı değerlendirilmeleri ve gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi konusunda sorumlulukları bulunmaktadır.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM FOTOPROTETOR COM ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE CANELA
Authors: Silva Larissa Da , Moraes Loana Simionato , Bender Suzana , Taglietti Marcelo 
Published: December 2020

Ativos naturais ao serem adicionados às formulações de fotoprotetores aumentam sua eficácia. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a proteção frente à radiação UV do óleo essencial de canela (Cinnamomum cassia) e desenvolver um fotoprotetor. O óleo essencial de canela obtido de uma farmácia de manipulação foi analisado espectrofotométricamente nos comprimentos de onda de 210 a 400 nm (UVC-UVA). A concentração com a maior capacidade de proteção foi incorporada à base creme para o desenvolvimento de um fotoprotetor. Para a avaliação da proteção frente à radiação solar o fotoprotetor desenvolvido foi diluído a 10%(m/v) em álcool etílico absoluto e foi analisado espectrofotometricamente nos mesmos comprimentos de onda (UVC-UVA). O fotoprotetor com óleo essencial de canela na concentração de 1,5%(v/v) apresentou proteção frente à radiação solar UVB e UVA (280-400nm). A fórmula desenvolvida apresentou FPS 6,3, dentro do preconizado pela legislação brasileira que exige um FPS de no mínimo 6. O óleo essencial de canela apresentou potencial para ser utilizado como fotoprotetor em associação com outros produtos visto que não absorveu em toda faixa da radiação UVA. A atividade fotoprotetora pode estar relacionada ao seu potencial antioxidante. Novos estudos devem ser realizados para verificar a associação do óleo essencial de canela com outras substâncias fotoprotetoras e comprovar o aumento do potencial protetor relacionado à atividade antioxidante.
Los falansterios de la pampa. Dos utopías agrarias en el campo argentino en la década de 1910
Authors: Posada Marcelo G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract/short description:
A great influx of settlers and rising demand for agricultural products on the world market before the First World War led to great development of agriculture on the Argentinian pampa. Such rapid advances also inspired some thinkers to postulate connecting agricultural work with certain ideas. According to Posada two books written in 1915 by Godofredo Daireaux and Roberto Campolieti can be regarded as local, "pampean" equivalents of utopian socialism.
Short description written by Michał Gilewski