bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI DAN FREKUENSI APLIKASI UREA DENGAN ARANG SEKAM PADI PADA PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Sari Dwi Yulianayan , Parapasan Yonathan , Subiantoro Rijadi 
Published: September 2020

Fertilizer can be used as a tool enchane plant growth and soil fertility, because by applying fertilizer it can supply nutrient in the soil so that plant growth is optimal. The type of fertilizer used is organic fertilizer (rice hust charcoal) and anrganic (urea) which acts as an increase in plant growth and devolopment and increase soil fertility. This study aims to obtain the effect of the composition of the application frequency of the mixture of urea and hust charcoal on the growth of cacao seeds, get the best effect of the composition of the urea fertilizer and husk charcoal on the growth of cacao seedling and get an interaction between the composition of the application frequency of urea and husk charcoal on the growth cacao seed. This research was carried out in the practice garden of the devolopment of plantation plant cultivation and Lampung State analysis laboratory. The study was conducted from January to May 2019. The study was arranged in a factorial block design (RBD) with 2 factor, the first factor composition fertilizer and second factor application frequency of urea and rice husk charcoal. The research showed there was on effect of the best composition of the mixture of urea dan husk charcoal on the growth of cacao seedling in the (1:2) with application frequency 2 time, and there was an interaction between the composition of the application frequency of urea and husk charcoal on the growth of cacao seedling in all observed variables except for abserving stem diameter, N plant tissue and plant sttover dry weight.
Estimating the parameter of inequality aversion on the basis of a parametric distribution of incomes
Authors: Kot Stanislaw Maciej 
Published: September 2020

Research background: In applied welfare economics, the constant relative inequality aversion function is routinely used as the model of a social decisionmaker?s or a society?s preferences over income distributions. This function is entirely determined by the parameter, ?, of inequality aversion. However, there is no authoritative answer to the question of what the range of ? an analyst should select for empirical work.
Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is elaborating the method of deriving ? from a parametric distribution of disposable incomes.
Methods: We assume that households? disposable incomes obey the generalised beta distribution of the second kind GB2(a,b,p,q). We have proved that, under this assumption, the social welfare function exists if and only if ? belongs to (0,ap+1) interval. The midpoint ?mid of this interval specifies the inequality aversion of the median social-decisionmaker.
Findings & Value added: The maximum likelihood estimator of ?mid has been developed. Inequality aversion for Poland 1998?2015 has been estimated. If inequality is calculated on the basis of disposable incomes, the standard inequality?development relationship might be complemented by inequality aversion. The ?augmented? inequality?development relationship reveals new phenomena; for instance, the stage of economic development might matter when assessing the impact of inequality aversion on income inequality.
Membership in agricultural producer organizations and farm technical efficiency in Slovakia
Authors: Bartova Lubica , Fandel Peter 
Published: September 2020

Research background: EU National Rural Development Programs (RDPs) support food chain organization, including the establishment of agricultural producer organizations (APOs) to assist the cooperation among small- and medium-sized farms and improve their performance.
Purpose of the article: We assessed how membership in an APO affects technical efficiency in a sample of Slovak farms. We break down our results by the type of membership (non-members, long-term members, and members of newly established APOs, benefitting from the RDP support) and production specialization of farms (crops, livestock, unspecialized). We expected a positive effect of membership on farm performance, although with differences by production specialization.
Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of 645 farms in Slovakia in 2014, when the 2007?2013 RDP support was over. We applied a DEA-based two-stage metafrontier approach. During the first stage, we estimated group-specific efficiency and calculated adjusted (target) values of inputs, given the outputs. During the second stage, we estimated the meta-technical efficiency of farms relative to the metafrontier derived from pooled adjusted inputs and outputs of farm groups by their membership within production specialization. The meta-efficiency indicates farm efficiency associated with membership in a producer organization. We examined the differences between meta-efficiency by membership groups by the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn?s tests.
Findings & Value added: Members of APOs were mainly large farms. Membership in newly established APOs, benefitting from of the RDP support, contributed significantly to higher technical efficiency of livestock and crop farms. Their performance was, however, affected by managerial and scale inefficiencies. Well-performing farms with good farm management had joined APOs already before the year 2007. However, the long-term APO membership did not improve farm technical efficiency significantly. Public support of farm cooperation should be designed to improve the governance, sustainability of the APO activities, and performance of their members.
PROBLEMS OF TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF FISH PRODUCTS IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Bekesheva Adelia Adlerovna , Yakubova Olesya Sergeevna 
Published: September 2020

The paper presents the features of terminology and classification of fish products for food and non-food purposes in the nomenclature of various levels: national (All-Russian product classifier by economic activity (RCPA 2) and international (The Foreign Economic Activity Commodity Nomenclature of the Customs Union (FEACN of the CU). In the course of the study there was conducted a comparison of the codes of fish products within the framework of the existing methodology for the formation of transition keys. In the classification of fish products in FEACN of CU there has been stated the imperfection of methodological and information base, illogicality and ambiguity associated with the lack of clear definitions of terms in EAEU Commodity Nomenclature for Foreign Economic Activity and in regulatory documents, with a discrepancy between concepts adopted in commodity research and international commodity nomenclature, as well as the lack of development of fish product identification for customs regulation in terms of specificity of the consumer properties of fish products. Correspondence of the codes of the international commodity nomenclature (UCN FEA EAEU) and the Russian classifier (RCPA 2) is recorded in the table reflecting the possible correlation options for the codes of the classifiers in relation to certain types of fish products (fish meal, fish glue, fish gelatin, fish roe), which are set by transition keys. There has been required the development of a unified approach to the interpretation of fish product codes under the FEACN of CU, as well as the development of unified terminology for omitting
a subjective assessment in the analysis of consumer properties and product indicators.
LINEAR GROWTH OF PERCH PERCA FLUVIATILIS L., 1758 (PERCIDAE) IN NURA AND SARYSU RIVERS
Authors: Krainyuk Vladimir Nickolaevich , Asylbekova Saule Zhangirovna , Shutkarayev Azis Vasilyevich 
Published: September 2020

The article presents the data on linear growth of perch from 35 water bodies in the Nura and Sarysu river basin in Central Kazakhstan obtained using the inverse calculation method. The obtained annual values of linear growth, increments and their variability have been analyzed. The increments were defined as a contribution of annual growth to the obtained length, but not as the initial length increase. At that, in the analysis the maximum age was limited to the most common 6 years. As a result, it has been stated that some populations from small depressive rivers have lower growth rates. Perches from southern parts of the Sarysu River grow more slowly, compared to the populations from the Nura River which is located northward. Studying the scheme of the body length advancing has reviled the distinctive features of samplings from the Ashchisu River,
a tributary of the Nura River. Samplings from the Kurgaldzhin lakes are characterized by greater variability of annual growth values against the general background over a long time. Besides, they have a high correlation of the values in subsequent years. Samples from the Ashisuy, on the contrary, have the least correlation. The Kurgaldzhin groups are open for migrants, which evidently explains the discovered features. The populations from the Ashchisu River watershed have been isolated from the indigenous basin for more than 35 years, which may have determined the features
of growth. The influence of hydrological and hydroclimatic factors on perch growth has been stated. But the influence of the structure of ichthyocenosis and on the population size has not been found, probably, due to the relatively identical living conditions of the studied samples.
Cancer-associated thromboembolism: could direct-acting oral anticoagulants be a promising therapeutic option? Literature review
Authors: Savvari Paraskevi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Cancer-associated thromboembolism (CAT) is usually managed with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) or vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). The recent data suggest that direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) might have a role in the management of CAT both in terms of prevention and treatment. The aim of this article is to review the current literature regarding the use of DOACs in patients with cancer.

Methods
PUBMED and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify prospective trials on patients with cancer managed with DOACs as either primary prophylaxis or treatment of venous thromboembolic events.

Results
In terms of primary prophylaxis, five studies (CASSINI, ADVOCATE, MYELAXAT, NCT02958969, and AVERT) have been identified. When considered together, CASSINI and AVERT showed a significant benefit of rivaroxaban and apixaban, respectively, versus placebo for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE), with a low incidence of major bleeding and no significant difference in mortality. ADVOCATE, MYELAXAT, and NCT02958969 showed that apixaban was well tolerated in patients with metastases receiving chemotherapy or those with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory imide drugs. With respect to VTE treatment, 3 studies (HOKUSAI-VTE, SELECT-D, and ADAM-VTE) were identified. These studies demonstrated significantly lower rates of VTE recurrences in patients treated with edoxaban, rivaroxaban, or apixaban, without compromise on safety.

Conclusions
DOACs seem a promising therapeutic option in CAT. As cancer is a heterogeneous disease, future research will clarify the role of these newer anticoagulant agents in both prevention and treatment of cancer-related VTE.
Pulmonary Large-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Ioannidis Georgios 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (P-LCNEC) is a rare, poorly differentiated, non-small cell malignancy within the spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung. Despite sharing several similarities with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in their clinical, immunohistopathological, genomic, and prognostic features, it is a distinct and biologically heterogeneous entity with challenging diagnostic and therapeutic requirements. Given the lack of prospective, randomized data to guide management, it is common practice to pursue thoracic surgery for resectable tumors according to the guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and implement systemic chemotherapy as early as at stage I, similar to the treatment of SCLC. However, important issues, such as the optimal timing and combination of therapeutic modalities, the most effective type of chemotherapy for advanced-stage disease, and the benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation, remain debated. Accumulating evidence from retrospective, molecular profiling studies supports the existence of at least two P-LCNEC subtypes, most notably a SCLC-like and a NSCLC-like phenotype, which presumably underlie the observed differential sensitivity to platinum-based regimens and warrant further validation as predictive biomarkers of efficacy. Furthermore, several potentially actionable, driver molecular alterations have been identified, offering implications for personalized treatment approaches, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The current review discusses open questions on the diagnosis and management of P-LCNEC, as well as recent advances in its genomic and transcriptomic characterization that create promising therapeutic opportunities.
Use of illustrations in the Communication Guidebook for Down Syndrome Children
Authors: Wardaya Marina 
Published: September 2020

Abstrak: Kemampuan berbicara dan berbicara adalah kemampuan awal yang harus dimiliki anak sebagai aset untuk dapat berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi serta anak-anak dengan sindrom Down. Kurangnya kesadaran orang tua dan kurangnya buku teks yang sesuai untuk anak-anak sindrom Down sering menjadi hambatan terhadap perkembangan anak-anak sindrom Down.
Pembelajaran komunikasi dengan metode yang tepat adalah substansial menuju keberhasilan pola pengajaran untuk anak-anak dengan sindrom Down, termasuk penggunaan ilustrasi dalam buku panduan komunikasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi orang tua, guru dan anak-anak dengan sindrom Down dalam pengajaran tentang komunikasi.
Peran Indivindu dalam Dunia Internasional Studi Kasus: Upaya Nadia Murad, Sang Wanita Peraih Nobel Perdamaian Melawan Ketiranian ISIS
Authors: Sari Venisa Yunita 
Published: September 2020

Nadia Murad Basee Taha is a Human Rights Activist, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2018. Nadia Murad was one of the victims of ISIS-related atrocities in 2014. She is one of 6,500 Yazidi women who can be arbitrarily questioned by ISIS militia. Therefore, after being freed from ISIS incarceration, Nadia Murad have been vigorously campaigning to fight for both children and adults’ rights, who were still shackled in the grip of ISIS. This study uses the theory of feminism which then supported by policies, values, norms, and public opinion that have an impact on international realm. This research then formulates answers to research questions relating to the role of individuals in the international world. Through qualitative with descriptive methods, the data sources in this paper come from literature studies by studying books, journals, and research reports. The results of this paper are divided into two important points in explaining the efforts of Nadia Murad in fighting for minority rights in Iraq to be free from the shackles of ISIS. First, Nadia Murad's background. Second, the role of Nadia Murad to fight for and save ISIS prisoners.
The relevance and problems of the Hague Convention of July 2 2019 on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments ratification by the Russian Federation
Authors: Senicheva Marina 
Published: September 2020

The article sheds some light on problems that impede the ratification by the Russian Federation of the Hague Convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements of July 2, 2019.
As a result of analysis of the risks and prospects of ratification by the Russian Federation of the Hague Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign judgements of July 2, 2019, the author concludes that there are no legal contradictions that could adversely affect ratification of the convention in question. In this regard it is possible to conclude that these are political contradictions and the Russian Federation’s reluctance to build a cross-border system for recognizing and enforcing decisions of foreign courts that can impede the convention's ratification
Analisis Fatwa DSN-MUI Nomor 25/III/2002 Terhadap Penetapan Ujrah Dalam Akad Rahn Di BMT UGT Sidogiri Cabang Waru Sidoarjo
Authors: Alanshori M. Zainuddin 
Published: September 2020

Sharia financial institutions are financial institutions that not only prioritize profit oriented, but also a financial institution that also puts the public good in accordance with the demands of sharia which is the foundation of all Islamic financial institutions. One application is to implement a moral and spiritual based service. This field research will answer the question. First, how is application of ujrah determination in contract of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo? The second, how is the analysis of the DSN-MUI fatwa NUMBER 25/III /2002 on the determination of ujrah in the contract of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo? Data collection techniques used are interview, document review, and observation, then analyzed by using descriptive analysis method, with deductive thought pattern, that is theory of rahn, ijarah, and fatwa of National Sharia Council (DSN) with general characteristics and then linked with the facts on the ground about the fatwa of DSN-MUI NUMBER 25/III/2002 on the establishment of ujrah in the contract of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo with special characteristics. From the results of the study, the author concludes the application of the determination of ujrah in the covenant of rahn in BMT UGT Branch Sidogiri Waru Sidoarjo, namely the determination of ujrah through two contracts, namely rahn and ijarah contract. The procedures for the implementation of the contract are as follows: Rahin (customer) comes to murtahin (BMT) while delivering marhun (collateral goods) then the goods will be estimated. As a result of this, the rahin will be subject to administrative costs. Then rahin signs the agreement or contract of rahn. After that, to entrust the goods hock, rahin must implement contract of ijarah (contract to rent place). Consequently it arise ujrah. In this case, it means that customer must implement two barrage of contract. The determination of ujrah applied in BMT is not in accordance with the Fatwa DSN-MUI NO: 25/DSN-MUI/ III/2002 because the determination of ujrah is determined from the amount of the customerâ€™s loan, while the difference is the discount given to the customer for applying smaller loan. The determination of discount is determined from ujrah or ijarah fee charged to the customer. This discount is calculated based on the percentage of estimated value of customerâ€™s loan amount.Â Keywords: Ujrah Determination, Rahn Contract, DSN-MUI Fatwa
Mobilisasi Tabungan Antara Keuangan Formal Dan Informal Dalam Sistem Keuangan Syariah
Authors: Khoir Misbahul 
Published: September 2020

Islam as a rule of life (nizam al-hayat) governs all sides of human life, including in terms of economic transactions, in doing saving activities too. So it also affects the institutions that receive savings funds. The definition of the Islamic financial system itself is a financial system that channels between parties who need funds and parties who have excess funds through financial products and services in accordance with the principles of sharia. The sharia principle is a principle based on the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah. In the Indonesian context, sharia principle is the principle of Islamic law in banking and finance activities based on fatwa issued by institutions that have authority in the establishment of fatwa in the field of sharia. From the background, the above description contains two important points. First, how is way of saving and investing from an Islamic point of view. Second, what is definition of Islamic Financial System. Both of these are first step in describing as problem in the scope of savings mobilization between formal and informal finance in the Islamic financial system. Islam forbids allowing idle assets, and encourages every wealth that we have to invest in the real sector. Saving is not a disbelief of the existence of sustenance from Allah SWT. Saving is a good management process of the provision of Allah SWT as a reflection of the attitude of our trust for sustenance given by Allah SWT. So it can be concluded, in the teachings of Islam, the saving is effort on the alert and as part of the household financial management process. By saving we have a time-forward perspective because it not only looks at short-term expenditures, but has made predictions of preparation for the future. Saving is part of self-control. By saving, it means that we are not carried by lust to meet the fulfillment of present or short-term satisfaction, but to control the fulfillment of our desire to be able to meet the needs of the future which is much more important. Saving is not a barrier for a person to give alms or zakah. People whose faith is strong and accustomed to saving then he will be able to expel zakah well and give alms more. People who are used to saving means having good financial planning. If so, the funds that he has will be more optimal, so will be able to pay zakah well and give alms more because the funds are well managed.Â Keywords: Saving Mobility, Formal and Informal Finance, Sharia Financial System
Solusi Penanganan Pembiayaan Bermasalah Di Bank Syariah Dalam Konteks Perundang-Undangan Republik Indonesia
Authors: Afif Mochammad 
Published: September 2020

When the enactment of Act Number 7 of 1992 concerning banking there is another alternative form in addition to conventional banks that are known a bank based on the principle of profit sharing. Act Number 7 of 1992 concerning Banking has not yet used explicitly the term sharia bank or Islamic bank. The mention still uses the term â€œprofit sharing principleâ€. There is no more detailed provision regarding banks conducting business based on sharia principles. Financing is the majority of assets of sharia banks so that the financing must be maintained with quality based on the principle of prudence. The precautionary principle is a bank management guideline that must be adopted in order to realize a sound, robust and efficient banking system in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations. Implementation of prudential principles by sharia banks is one of which is realized in performing a financing analysis that is analyzing confidence on the willingness and ability of prospective customers of the facility receiver to repay all obligations in time, before the Sharia Bank and/or UUS channel funds to the facility receiver. This confidence is derived from a careful assessment of the time, ability, capital, collateral, and business prospects of a potential customer (character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition). The sharia bank in providing financing hopes that the financing proceeds smoothly, the customer obeys what has been agreed upon in the agreement and pays in full when it matures. However, it can occur within the financing period of non-performing financing. Efforts made by sharia bank to handle problematic financing by conducting a rescue of troubled financing with restructuring efforts if the customer still has good intentions in the sense of still willing to be invited to cooperate in efforts to save troubled financing, but if the customer has no conviction either in the sense cannot be invited in an effort to rescue non-performing financing, sharia banks will make efforts to settle non-performing financing.Â Keywords: Sharia Bank, Non Performing Financing, Handling Solution