bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we really need the arterial phase on CT in pelvic trauma patients?
Authors: Godt Johannes Clemens , Eken Torsten , Schulz Anselm , Øye Kjetil , Hagen Thijs , Dormagen Johann Baptist 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate whether an arterial phase scan improves the diagnostic performance of computed tomography to identify pelvic trauma patients who received angiographic intervention on demand of the trauma surgeon.

Methods
This retrospective single-center study was performed at an academic Scandinavian trauma center with approximately 2000 trauma admissions annually. Pelvic trauma patients with arterial and portal venous phase CT from 2009 to 2015 were included. The patients were identified from the institutional trauma registry. Images were interpreted by two radiologists with more than 10 years of trauma radiology experience. Positive findings for extravasation on portal venous phase alone or on both arterial and portal venous phase were compared, with angiographic intervention as clinical outcome.

Results
One hundred fifty-seven patients (54 females, 103 males) with a median age of 45 years were enrolled. Sixteen patients received angiographic intervention. Positive CT findings on portal venous phase only had a sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 86%, vs. 56% and 93% for simultaneous findings on arterial and portal venous phase. Specificity was significantly higher for positive findings in both phases compared with portal venous phase only. Applying a threshold > 0.9 cm of extravasation diameter to portal venous phase only resulted in sensitivity and specificity identical to those of both phases.

Conclusion
Arterial phase scan in addition to portal venous phase scan did not improve patient selection for angiography. Portal venous phase extravasation size alone may be used as an imaging-based biomarker of the need for angiographic intervention.
Evolutionary diversification of taiwanioid conifers: evidence from a new Upper Cretaceous seed cone from Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Stockey Ruth A. , Nishida Harufumi , Rothwell Gar W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA single cylindrical seed cone 2 cm long, 1.1 cm wide has been found preserved in a calcium carbonate marine concretion from the Hakobuchi Formation (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian) of Hobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. The cone, attached to a bent peduncle lacking leaves, has helically arranged bract/scale complexes that arise at right angles from the cone axis in the middle of the cone. The cone axis, ca. 1 mm wide, has a broad cylinder of secondary vascular tissue, and lacks a continuous resin canal system. Bract-scale complexes are laminar, cordate-orbiculate, and upturned distally, consisting primarily of bract tissue with no visible scale tip. The vascular trace to the bract/scale complex originates as a rod that divides laterally into several traces at the level of seed attachment. A single resin canal originates at the base of the bract-scale complex abaxial to the vascular strand, but more distally there are up to ca. 15 large resin canals that form a single row. Two to three inverted winged seeds are attached adaxially near the cone periphery. Cone structure and vascularization are most similar to those in the Cupressaceae, Subfamily Taiwanioideae, differing from living Taiwania cryptomerioides by having up to three seeds/scale rather than two, an abruptly upturned bract tip, in details of bract/scale vasculature, and a cone peduncle lacking leaves. This cone is described as Mukawastrobus satoi Stockey, Nishida and Rothwell. Together with previously described Early to Late Cretaceous taiwanioid seed cones from Mongolia and Hokkaido the new species demonstrates that the taxonomically diagnostic characters of such conifers are as subtle as those of Cretaceous and Cenozoic sequoioid Cupressaceae. This realization emphasizes that evolutionary diversification and turnover among taiwanioid conifers during the Cretaceous and Paleogene are probably far greater than currently recognized.
Developing a Global One Health Workforce: The “Rx One Health Summer Institute” Approach
Authors: Berrian Amanda M. , Wilkes Michael , Gilardi Kirsten , Smith Woutrina , Conrad Patricia A. , Crook Paulina Zielinska , Cullor James , Nyatanyi Thierry , Smith Martin H. , Kazwala Rudovick , Mazet Jonna A. K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe One Health approach has gained support across a range of disciplines; however, training opportunities for professionals seeking to operationalize the interdisciplinary approach are limited. Academic institutions, through the development of high-quality, experiential training programs that focus on the application of professional competencies, can increase accessibility to One Health education. The Rx One Health Summer Institute, jointly led by US and East African partners, provides a model for such a program. In 2017, 21 participants representing five countries completed the Rx One Health program in East Africa. Participants worked collaboratively with communities neighboring wildlife areas to better understand issues impacting human and animal health and welfare, livelihoods, and conservation. One Health topics were explored through community engagement and role-playing exercises, field-based health surveillance activities, laboratories, and discussions with local experts. Educational assessments reflected improvements in participants’ ability to apply the One Health approach to health and disease problem solving, as well as anticipate cross-sectoral challenges to its implementation. The experiential learning method, specifically the opportunity to engage with local communities, proved to be impactful on participants’ cultural awareness. The Rx One Health Summer Institute training model may provide an effective and implementable strategy by which to contribute to the development of a global One Health workforce.
Design of a hybrid refractive-diffractive telescope for observations in UV
Authors: Fluder Grzegorz 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTelescopes are one of the common types of satellite payloads. They are used both for Earth and astronomical observations. By using space telescopes it is possible to eliminate the negative effect of the atmosphere on image quality. Additionally, observations in some spectral ranges can be performed only from space due to absorption of certain wavelengths in the atmosphere. One such range is UV below 300 nm, which is of particular interest when it comes to the investigation of hot objects. Reflective telescopes are commonly used in this spectral range, although many classical designs are limited in their useful field of view to values below 1°. In this paper a hybrid refractive-diffractive telescope design working in a 200 nm – 300 nm spectral range with a field of view 10°×10° is proposed. Its performance is compared to purely refractive and reflective systems and significant improvement in the imaging quality of the system and decrease of its size is shown. The choice of the diffractive element type is explained. Parameters of the systems are based on the requirements for a proposed Polish mission UVSat which aims to enable long-term observations of a large number of stars exhibiting UV variance.
Image Morphing in Deep Feature Spaces: Theory and Applications
Authors: Effland Alexander , Kobler Erich , Pock Thomas , Rajković Marko , Rumpf Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper combines image metamorphosis with deep features. To this end, images are considered as maps into a high-dimensional feature space and a structure-sensitive, anisotropic flow regularization is incorporated in the metamorphosis model proposed by Miller and Younes (Int J Comput Vis 41(1):61–84, 2001) and Trouvé and Younes (Found Comput Math 5(2):173–198, 2005). For this model, a variational time discretization of the Riemannian path energy is presented and the existence of discrete geodesic paths minimizing this energy is demonstrated. Furthermore, convergence of discrete geodesic paths to geodesic paths in the time continuous model is investigated. The spatial discretization is based on a finite difference approximation in image space and a stable spline approximation in deformation space; the fully discrete model is optimized using the iPALM algorithm. Numerical experiments indicate that the incorporation of semantic deep features is superior to intensity-based approaches.
Oral Health Status, Oral Health Behaviours and Oral Health Care Utilisation Among Migrants Residing in Europe: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pabbla Amandeep , Duijster Denise , Grasveld Alice , Sekundo Caroline , Agyemang Charles , van der Heijden Geert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the reported data on oral health status among the migrants in Europe is fragmented, we systematically reviewed the published literature on the oral health status, behaviours and care utilisation among migrants residing in Europe. For this, we retrieved publications from PubMed and EMBASE, supplemented by manual citation screening and grey literature search on Google scholars. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, extracted data and critically appraised the publications. A total of 69 studies included showed higher dental caries among migrant children. But some studies on adolescents and adults reported similar or even better oral health among migrants compared to the host population, while other reported the opposite. Poor oral health behaviours were generally reported among the migrants and they frequently made use of emergency service utilisation compared to the host population. We shed light on the gaps in dental literature and make some recommendations for the future.
Generation of High Dose Inhalable Effervescent Dispersions against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms
Authors: Mohammed Aram , Zurek Jakub , Madueke Somto , Al-Kassimy Hareir , Yaqoob Muhammad , Houacine Chahinez , Ferraz Amina , Kalgudi Rachith , Zariwala Mohammed Gulrez , Hawkins Nicholas , Al-Obaidi Hisham 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Novel particle engineering approach was used in this study to generate high dose inhalable effervescent particles with synergistic effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Methods
Spray dried co-amorphous salt of ciprofloxacin (CFX) and tartaric acid (TA) was prepared and coated with external layer of sodium bicarbonate and silica coated silver nanobeads. Design of experiments (DOE) was used to optimize physicochemical properties of particles for enhanced lung deposition.

Results
Generated particles were co-amorphous CFX/TA showing that CFX lost its zwitterionic form and exhibiting distinct properties to CFX/HCl as assessed by FTIR and thermal analysis. Particles exhibited mass mean aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 3.3 μm, emitted dose of 78% and fine particle dose of 85%. Particles were further evaluated via antimicrobial assessment of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC). MIC and MBEC results showed that the hybrid particles were around 3–5 times more effective when compared to CFX signifying that synergistic effect was achieved. Diffusing wave spectroscopy results showed that the silver containing particles had a disruptive effect on rheological properties as opposed to silver free particles.

Conclusions
Overall, these results showed the potential to use particle engineering to generate particles that are highly disruptive of bacterial biofilms.
Maass relations for Saito–Kurokawa lifts of higher levels
Authors: Marzec Jolanta 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is known that among Siegel modular forms of degree 2 and level 1 the only functions that violate the Ramanujan conjecture are Saito–Kurokawa lifts of modular forms of level 1. These are precisely the functions whose Fourier coefficients satisfy Maass relations. More generally, the Ramanujan conjecture for$$\mathrm {GSp}_4$$GSp4is predicted to fail only in case of CAP representations. It is not known though whether the associated Siegel modular forms (of various levels) still satisfy a version of Maass relations. We show that this is indeed the case for the ones related to P-CAP representations. Our method generalises an approach of Pitale, Saha and Schmidt who employed representation–theoretic techniques to (re)prove this statement in case of level 1. In particular, we compute and express certain values of a global Bessel period in terms of Fourier coefficients of the associated Siegel modular form. Moreover, we derive a local–global relation satisfied by Bessel periods, which allows us to combine those computations with a characterization of local components of CAP representations.
On p-adic valuations of certain m colored p-ary partition functions
Authors: Ulas Maciej , Żmija Błażej 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLet $$k\in \mathbb {N}_{\ge 2}$$

k
∈

N

≥
2

and for given $$m\in \mathbb {Z}{\setminus }\{0\}$$

m
∈
Z
\
{
0
}

consider the sequence $$(S_{k,m}(n))_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$

(

S

k
,
m

(
n
)

)

n
∈
N

defined by the power series expansion $$\begin{aligned} \frac{1}{(1-x)^{m}}\prod _{i=0}^{\infty } \frac{1}{(1-x^{k^{i}})^{m(k-1)}}=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }S_{k,m}(n)x^{n}. \end{aligned}$$

1

(
1
-
x
)

m

∏

i
=
0

∞

1

(
1
-

x

k
i

)

m
(
k
-
1
)

=

∑

n
=
0

∞

S

k
,
m

(
n
)

x
n

.

The number $$S_{k,m}(n)$$

S

k
,
m

(
n
)

for $$m\in \mathbb {N}_{+}$$

m
∈

N
+

has a natural combinatorial interpretation: it counts the number of representations of n as sums of powers of k, where the part equal to 1 takes one among mk colors and each part $$>1$$

>
1

takes $$m(k-1)$$

m
(
k
-
1
)

colors. We concentrate on the case when $$k=p$$

k
=
p

is a prime. Our main result is the computation of the exact value of the p-adic valuation of $$S_{p,m}(n)$$

S

p
,
m

(
n
)

. In particular, in each case the set of values of $$\nu _{p}(S_{p,m}(n))$$

ν
p

(

S

p
,
m

(
n
)

)

is finite and the maximum value is bounded by $${\text {max}}\{\nu _{p}(m)+1,\nu _{p}(m+1)+1\}$$

max
{

ν
p

(
m
)

+
1
,

ν
p

(
m
+
1
)

+
1
}

. Our results can be seen as a generalization of earlier work of Churchhouse and recent work of Gawron, Miska and Ulas, and the present authors.
Characterization of Acid and Basic Sites on Zirconia Surfaces and Nanoparticles by Adsorbed Probe Molecules: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Maleki Farahnaz , Pacchioni Gianfranco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcid and basic sites on monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia were investigated at the DFT level by computing IR and NMR properties of adsorbed probe molecules. Regular and stepped ZrO2surfaces as well as stoichiometric zirconia nanoparticles have been considered. Acidity and basicity were probed by the adsorption of carbon monoxide and pyrrole, respectively. CO adsorption shows a positive shift of the C–O stretching frequency in IR spectra while the C atom of CO is shielded and13C chemical shifts moves to higher field as a function of the strength of the acid site. For the study of basic sites we used a pyrrole molecule, but the interaction between the pyrrole ring and the surface leads to adsorption modes that cannot be used to titrate the surface basicity. On the other hand, at high coverage the molecule assumes an upright position and the formation of a hydrogen bond of the pyrrole NH group with the oxygen atoms of the surfaces provides a proxy of the basic properties of these sites. In particular, we focus on changes of the N–H IR frequency,1H,15N, and17O NMR chemical shifts and their correlations with the surface basicity. Among the correlations found, that between the N–H stretching frequency of adsorbed pyrrole and the17O NMR chemical shift of the O ion where the molecule is bound show a nice linear correlation. These two properties can provide useful information about the basic character of various O sites on the surface of zirconia.Graphic Abstract
The impact of official development assistance on the economic growth and carbon dioxide mitigation for the recipient countries
Authors: Lee Sue Kyoung , Choi Gayoung , Lee Eunmi , Jin Taeyoung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between official development assistance (ODA) on CO2 emissions based on both direct and indirect frameworks, using the annual panel data of 30 recipient countries of Korea from 1993 to 2017. It employs a modified impact, population, affluence, and technology (IPAT) model and a simultaneous equation framework for the direct model and indirect model, respectively. The empirical results suggest that ODA has both a direct and an indirect mitigation impact in the recipient countries. Compared to the direct impact, a small indirect mitigation impact of ODA on CO2 emissions is derived. However, the estimation results of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) equation imply that economic growth has the potential of mitigating the environmental degradation when the economic development in recipient countries of Korea reaches a certain level. Therefore, the bilateral cooperation, through ODA and the supportive policy, should make an effort to promote economic development and mitigation of environmental degradation in developing countries.
Ex ante life cycle assessment of GaAs/Si nanowire–based tandem solar cells: a benchmark for industrialization
Authors: Pallas Georgios , Vijver Martina G. , Peijnenburg Willie J. G. M. , Guinée Jeroen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study is to perform an ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA) of the emerging gallium-arsenide nanowire tandem solar cells on silicon (GaAs/Si) and to provide a benchmark for the commercialization of the technology. The environmental impacts and energy payback time (EPBT) of the GaAs/Si modules are compared with those of the incumbent single-Si modules. Parameters and efficiencies most relevant to be optimized in order to commercialize the technology are identified and discussed.

Methods
Two production routes for GaAs/Si solar cells are being up-scaled: the growth of GaAs nanowires on a native substrate, peel-off, and transfer to a silicon substrate (transfer route) and the direct growth of GaAs nanowires on a silicon substrate with assistance of a silicon-dioxide (SiO2) nanotube template (direct growth route). Two ex-ante LCAs for the different manufacturing routes and an LCA for the incumbent single-Si technology were conducted. Environmental impacts of the GaAs/Si technology were assessed and compared with the incumbent. Various scenarios regarding sensitive parameters and processes were modeled—such as modeling several industrial scale tools, the energy consumption of sensitive processes, the number of substrate reuses, the frequency of re-polishing the wafer, and benchmarking the scale of improvement of major impact drivers.

Results and discussion
The analysis showed that, if expected process efficiencies are achieved, a 28% efficient GaAs/Si module performs 5 to 20% better (transfer route) and 20 to 30% better (direct growth route, except the ozone depletion impact) compared with an 18% efficient single-Si module, for all impact categories assessed—climate change, land use, acidification, ozone depletion, freshwater, marine, terrestrial ecotoxicity, eutrophication, human toxicity, and photochemical oxidation. Critical hotspots identified include the use of gold, trifluoromethane (CHF3), and a GaAs wafer. The EPBT of the GaAs/Si nanowire tandem module is in between 1.37 (expected process efficiencies achieved) and 1.9 years (worst case scenario), while the EPBT of the single-Si module is 1.84 years. Results can be considered as a benchmark for the successful commercialization of the technology.

Conclusions
If 28% efficient GaAs/Si nanowire tandem modules are developed, expected process efficiencies are achieved, and at least 100 reuses of the GaAs substrate (transfer route) are realized; then, the GaAs/Si modules perform better compared with an 18% efficient single-Si module for most impact categories assessed. Conclusions from the ex-ante LCA are conditional (if-then) and can be used as a benchmark, allowing to quantify the efficiencies that need to be achieved to commercialize the technology.
On the use of quantile regression to deal with heterogeneity: the case of multi-block data
Authors: Davino Cristina , Romano Rosaria , Vistocco Domenico 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of the paper is to propose a quantile regression based strategy to assess heterogeneity in a multi-block type data structure. Specifically, the paper deals with a particular data structure where several blocks of variables are observed on the same units and a structure of relations is assumed between the different blocks. The idea is that quantile regression complements the results of the least squares regression by evaluating the impact of regressors on the entire distribution of the dependent variable, and not only exclusively on the expected value. By taking advantage of this, the proposed approach analyses the relationship among a dependent variable block and a set of regressors blocks but highlighting possible similarities among the statistical units. An empirical analysis is provided in the consumer analysis framework with the aim to cluster groups of consumers according to the similarities in the dependence structure among their overall liking and the liking for different drivers.
Determination of ethylene by field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Chantipmanee Nattapong , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe determination of ethylene with a field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometer, which can easily be constructed in-house, is described. The device makes use of a Krypton lamp for ionization. A rectangular pulse of 500 Vpp at 1 MHz was employed as separation waveform in the drift tube rather than the commonly used less efficient bisinusoidal waveform. The calibration curve for the range from 670 ppb(V/V) to 67 ppm(V/V) was found to be highly linear with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9999. The limit of detection was determined as 200 ppb(V/V). The reproducibility was 4% (relative standard deviation). The device was found to be suitable for the determination of ethylene given off by fruit; 6 types of climacteric fruit were tested, namely apples, bananas, kiwi fruit, nectarines, pears and plums.
Influence of surface roughness on cold formability in bending processes: a multiscale modelling approach with the hybrid damage mechanics model
Authors: Wechsuwanmanee Peerapon , Lian Junhe , Shen Fuhui , Münstermann Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExperimental and numerical investigations on the description of cold formability of extra abrasion-resistant steel considering surface roughness effects were performed in this study. A novel multiscale numerical approach to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of surface roughness on the cold formability/bendability of heavy plates was proposed and verified. The macroscopic ductile damage behavior of the investigated steel was described by a hybrid damage mechanics model, whose parameters were calibrated by notched round-bar (NRB) tensile tests and single-edge notched bending (SENB) tests. The surface roughness was characterized by confocal microscopy and statistically incorporated into a two-dimensional representative volume element (RVE) model. For the assessment of the bendability of heavy plates in the component level, the critical ratio between the punch radius and the sample thicknessr/tin three-point bending tests was predicted and compared with experimental results. After the surface roughness effects were taken into consideration, a significant improvement in the predicted results was achieved. A good match between the simulation and experimental results confirmed the indispensable influences of surface roughness on the bendability of steels and validated the efficiency of the multiscale simulation approach in the quantitative description of surface roughness affected ductile damage evolutions.