bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Activation of Brazilian Smectite Clay (Primavera) and its Application for the Removal of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution
Authors: da Silva Marta Lígia Pereira , Barbosa Tellys Lins Almeida , Rodrigues Meiry Gláucia Freire 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Region-based solutions for water cleaning could be critical to tackle the water challenges faced in
enhancing the in the future. Brazilian Primavera clay is cheap, abundant, and an untested material that has the potential to
be used for water cleaning. Objective: the objective of the present work was to thermally activate and characterize the
Brazilian clay and then determine the potential to remove Cd2+ from an aqueous solution.

Methods:
Primavera clay was
thermally activated at 300 oC and characterized using X ray diffraction, X-ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive, and N2
adsorption. Sorption equilibrium was determined using the following experimental conditions: constant pH 4.5, 5 h, and
27 oC. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherms models were applied in order to determine
the efficiency of clay used as an adsorbent. Adsorption kinetics was analyzed using the pseudo-second-order kinetic
model.

Results:
In this study, results revealed that even though the heat treatment did not cause profound alterations on the
clay structure(smectite) and surface area (78 m2
/g), a pseudo-second-order kinetic constant of 0.5563 mg/g/min was found
for the cadmium removal.

Conclusion:
The mathematical models of the Langmuir and Temkin showed a better fit to the
experimental data. A high affinity between the cadmium and the thermally activated Primavera clay was found up to 88 %
with removal efficiencies.
Lineamientos pedagógicos para aplicar TICS y EVEA en Instituciones Educativas de Educación Básica y Bachillerato en Guayaquil-Ecuador
Authors: Peláez López Rosario Mercedes , Alvarado Peláez Jorge Adrian , Zambrano Peláez María José , Lara Vásconez Cilda Beatriz 
Published: November 2020

La tecnología con el paso del tiempo ha ido implementando diversas estrategias para el aprendizaje con la única intención de mejorar la calidad en la educación, motivo por lo cual en la actualidad se llega al educando desde Entornos Virtuales de Enseñanza-Aprendizaje (EVEA) muy amigables. A través del INEC se ha observado que el uso del internet alcanzó un total de 50,5% en el año 2015 y a nivel nacional, lo cual permite analizar la aplicabilidad en el uso de los EVEA en las instituciones educativas. El objetivo es propiciar la ayuda adecuada a todos los estudiantes en su educación utilizando dichos entornos virtuales, para así analizar el desempeño de los profesores con la utilización de las TIC promoviendo el uso de plataformas y el refuerzo de los contenidos en las instituciones educativas. La investigación es de tipo cuantitativa, se aplicaron encuestas, entrevistas y se realizó un estudio de campo para evidenciar la actuación y el desenvolvimiento de los docentes. Los resultados obtenidos después de la tabulación se orientan al avance tecnológico en el manejo por parte de algunos profesores, con la sugerencia de realizar capacitaciones constantes en el manejo de las TIC, además del uso de Programas como Presentadores Electrónicos.
Machine Learning Approach to Reduce Alert Fatigue Using a Disease Medication–Related Clinical Decision Support System: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Poly Tahmina Nasrin , Islam Md.Mohaimenul , Muhtar Muhammad Solihuddin , Yang Hsuan-Chia , Nguyen Phung Anh (Alex) , Li Yu-Chuan (Jack) 
Published: November 2020

Background
Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems are incorporated into clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) to reduce medication errors and improve patient safety. Automatic alerts generated from CDSSs can directly assist physicians in making useful clinical decisions and can help shape prescribing behavior. Multiple studies reported that approximately 90%-96% of alerts are overridden by physicians, which raises questions about the effectiveness of CDSSs. There is intense interest in developing sophisticated methods to combat alert fatigue, but there is no consensus on the optimal approaches so far.

Objective
Our objective was to develop machine learning prediction models to predict physicians’ responses in order to reduce alert fatigue from disease medication–related CDSSs.

Methods
We collected data from a disease medication–related CDSS from a university teaching hospital in Taiwan. We considered prescriptions that triggered alerts in the CDSS between August 2018 and May 2019. Machine learning models, such as artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), naïve Bayes (NB), gradient boosting (GB), and support vector machine (SVM), were used to develop prediction models. The data were randomly split into training (80%) and testing (20%) datasets.

Results
A total of 6453 prescriptions were used in our model. The ANN machine learning prediction model demonstrated excellent discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.94; accuracy 0.85), whereas the RF, NB, GB, and SVM models had AUROCs of 0.93, 0.91, 0.91, and 0.80, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the ANN model were 0.87 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusions
In this study, ANN showed substantially better performance in predicting individual physician responses to an alert from a disease medication–related CDSS, as compared to the other models. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use machine learning models to predict physician responses to alerts; furthermore, it can help to develop sophisticated CDSSs in real-world clinical settings.
Effects of Canagliflozin in Patients with Baseline eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2
Authors: Bakris George , Oshima Megumi , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Agarwal Rajiv , Cannon Christopher P. , Capuano George , Charytan David M. , de Zeeuw Dick , Edwards Robert , Greene Tom , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Levin Adeera , Neal Bruce , Oh Richard , Pollock Carol , Rosenthal Norman , Wheeler David C. , Zhang Hong , Zinman Bernard , Jardine Meg J. , Perkovic Vlado 
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives
The Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) trial demonstrated that the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CKD. Little is known about the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2. The participants in the CREDENCE study had type 2 diabetes mellitus, a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio >300–5000 mg/g, and an eGFR of 30 to <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at screening. This post hoc analysis evaluated participants with eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at randomization.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Effects of eGFR slope through week 130 were analyzed using a piecewise, linear, mixed-effects model. Efficacy was analyzed in the intention-to-treat population, on the basis of Cox proportional hazard models, and safety was analyzed in the on-treatment population. At randomization (an average of 29 days after screening), 174 of 4401 (4%) participants had an eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (mean [SD] eGFR, 26 [3] ml/min per 1.73 m2).

Results
From weeks 3 to 130, there was a 66% difference in the mean rate of eGFR decline with canagliflozin versus placebo (mean slopes, −1.30 versus −3.83 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; difference, −2.54 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90 to 4.17). Effects of canagliflozin on kidney, cardiovascular, and mortality outcomes were consistent for those with eGFR <30 and ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (all P interaction >0.20). The estimate for kidney failure in participants with eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.27) was similar to those with eGFR ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.91; P interaction=0.80). There was no imbalance in the rate of kidney-related adverse events or AKI associated with canagliflozin between participants with eGFR <30 and ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (all P interaction >0.12).

Conclusions
This post hoc analysis suggests canagliflozin slowed progression of kidney disease, without increasing AKI, even in participants with eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
La protección de los datos personales como derecho fundamental: su autonomía y vigencia propia en el ordenamiento jurídico estatal
Authors: Peña-Pérez Pascal 
Published: November 2020

<span lang="ES-TRAD">La protección de los datos personales ha generado nuevas prerrogativas aplicables al entorno digital, las cuales han sido acompañadas de mecanismos efectivos para su pleno ejercicio. Los nuevos derechos digitales, tales como el derecho al olvido, el derecho a la portabilidad de los datos o el derecho a la muertedigital y los derechos sucesorales sobre datos que reposen en dispositivos físicos y en plataformas digitales, que constituyen la base de debates que han surgido en países con un mayor avance legislativo y jurisprudencial. Tal experiencia comparada nos permite evaluar como reaccionarían nuestros ordenamientos jurídicos a estos conflictos modernos que se suscitan alrededor de la protección de los datos personales.</span>
Mapping Mexican COVID-19 vulnerability at municipal scale
Authors: Ressl Rainer , Luz Martínez Carmen , Piña Camacho Miriam Elizabeth , Hruby Florian , Dávila Rosas José Manuel , Rodríguez Huesca Manuel Ernesto , Jimenez-Rosenberg Raúl 
Published: November 2020

This paper presents an interactive map related to the population vulnerability concerning COVID-19 at the municipal level for Mexico. A vulnerability index was modeled using seven socioeconomic/sociodemographic variables and one health-care related variable, all with relevance to a health contingency such as COVID-19. The resulting indicator expresses the municipal vulnerability to face a sanitary crisis such as COVID-19 in five categories. Data for each of the eight variables were first categorized in quintiles. A pairwise comparison matrix was used to weight these variables in relation to their estimated relevance for the municipal vulnerability. With respect to COVID-19 vulnerability, Mexican municipalities show the following results: 1.6% (very low), 18.7% (low), 46.6% (medium), 24.6% (high), 8.5% (very high).
The map forms part of a dashboard providing daily information on the development of the pandemic in Mexico, and is complemented by a digital atlas visualizing information for each variable of the indicator.
THE POLITICS OF HALAL LABEL: BETWEEN ECONOMIC PIETY AND RELIGIOUS AMBIGUITY
Authors: Anwar Mokhamad Zainal , Sunesti Yuyun , Ihsan Ihsan 
Published: November 2020

The use of the ‘halal’ label was expanded. Label, which is originally shown on food and beverage products only, but currently also shown on non-food and beverage products, such as tissue, pan, and refrigerator. It is a phenomenon of halalization; an expansion of halal label for the product consumed by the Muslim community. Based on the qualitative method, the results of this study show that the Millennial Muslim generation’s understanding of halal is varying and affected by varying sources of knowledge and internet use. Knowledge source was no longer lies on Kiai/Ustadz only, but also on searching engine available in cyberspace. Social media and the internet also become media used by millennial Muslim generation to search for information on the product’s rightfulness. Millennial Muslim generation just wants to use a product with a halal label, and an affordable price. If it is unaffordable, they will choose other affordable products volitionally despite no halal label. The contestation in selecting and non-selecting the halal label shows the existence of interests and authority for millennial Muslim generation. This what is called the politics of the halal label.
TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA ATAS PEMAHAMAN HADITH DALAM KITAB FATH ALBARI KARYA IBN HAJAR AL‘ASQALANI
Authors: Afwadzi Benny 
Published: November 2020

This article aims to analyze semiotically on the Muslim scholars' understanding of the hadith in Fath Albari, written by Ibn Hajar Al‘asqalani. Focus of the study refers to three things; understanding models, examining semiotically (significance and communication) on understanding models, and contribution of semiotics in the hadith understanding discourse. By making two hadiths as its analysis objects; first, the hadith about believers who eat with one intestine and infidels with seven intestines; second, the hadith regarding the deeds most loved by Allah SWT. The results of the study show that the understanding model of hadith in Fath Albari is divided into textual (symbolic and non-symbolic) and contextual (symbolic and non-symbolic) models of understanding. This model, semiotically (significance and communication) has given a new nuance in the study of hadith understanding. The understanding model of the first hadith, in semiotic significance, indicates the existence of an understanding model with a signifier of denotation and connotation levels. In semiotic communication, the understanding model of the second hadith is seen more systematic because it elaborates reasoning continuously, and shows the important contribution of semiotics in the hadith understanding discourse, like eliminating truth claims and being media of developing textual and contextual understanding.
LANDASAN QUR’ANI DALAM HUBUNGAN ANTAR AGAMA: TITIK TEMU HERMENEUTIKA GERAK GANDA DAN TAFSIR FILOSOFIS THABATHABAI
Authors: Amrizal Amrizal 
Published: November 2020

This article discusses the Fazlur Rahman and Thabathabai thought on Qur’anic verses that can be used as a basis for interfaith relations. The discussion focused on their methodology of interpretations and responses to conventional Qur'anic interpretations. Fazlur Rahman with his double movement hermeneutics and Thabathabai with his philosophical interpretation. Although hermeneutics and interpretation are often disputed, the interpretation of these two figures has a common point that can be synthesized through logical dialectics. Both of their attention to philosophy and critical responsestowards conventional methods of interpretation became a thesis for the synthesis process carried out. Hereby, it can be found a synthesis about the Qur’anic basis which can be used as a guide for Muslims in fostering relationships with other religions’ followers. In addition, they also provide guidelines related to the way for a Muslim to behave towards the adherents of other religions, without having to believe in the inevitability of practicing religious pluralism in terms of interfaith relation. This synthesis, if it is drawn into the interpretation methodology, it is seen that there is a correlation between the results of the double movement hermeneutics interpretation and philosophical interpretation, at least in the term of ethics.
IMMORTALITAS ORANG SALEH DAN EKSPRESI KEYAKINAN ATAS KONSEP BERKAH
Authors: Najib Abdul 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to discuss the people's understanding of the immortality of pious people in the funeral complex of Lasem Jami’ mosque, and the values embodied in the surrounding community’s daily lives. Based on the phenomenological approach, wherein data is obtained through participant observation and in-depth interviews, the results show that people's belief in immortality is based on their beliefs on the person’s piety, both ritually and socially. It can be seen from the community ways to always put the pious person in an honorable position, through various rituals such as pilgrimage, haul, selametan, and tawasulan. The community beliefs on good deeds will not be broken off after people’s death, becoming their basis to understand in immortality. Immortality can only be obtained by people who can control their bodies and reduce their egos (tazkiyyatun nafs). Immortal pious people are understood to have power and will after their death. This immortal power is believed to be able to provide blessings for the prayers they offered. The ability of the pious people to "accept" the demand is permeable indicates the existence of an immortal will. Hereby, emerge the ethical values, blessing, and multiculturalism in the daily life practices of the surrounding communities.
O NORDESTE BRASILEIRO E O NOROESTE ARGENTINO: O SERTÃO CEARENSE E O CHACO SECO SANTIAGUEÑO EM MEIO ÀS SECAS DA DÉCADA DE 1930
Authors: Simões de Melo Leda Agnes 
Published: November 2020

O estado do Ceará, localizado no Nordeste brasileiro, e a província de Santiago del Estero, pertencente ao Noroeste argentino, são compostas por áreas semiáridas. Na década de 1930, ambas foram acometidas por uma forte seca que ocasionou fome, migrações, desemprego, sede, para as suas populações. Para este artigo, nos interessa compreender como essas regiões, enquanto lugar das relações sociais e enquanto historicidade, foram narradas pelos jornais Correio da Manhã, do Rio de Janeiro, e El Mundo, de Buenos Aires, em meio à seca. Em particular, compreender como essas construções discursivas estão ligadas à ideia de modernidade que atravessa às histórias desses territórios ao longo dos séculos.
Case Study – Sorghum Improvement in Zambia: Promotion of Sorghum Open Pollinated Varieties (SOPVs)
Authors: Mbulwe Lloyd , Ajayi Oluyede Clifford 
Published: November 2020

Food security has been a major concern because of low crop productivity in Zambia. Food insecurity is a cost to the social-economic development of Zambia and the SADC region. Unpredictable weather and climatic fluctuations have further aggravated this situation. To help address these challenges associated with climate change and crop productivity there has been a major paradigm shift towards crop diversification. As a result, the major goal of the Sorghum Breeding Program is to shift sorghum from a subsistence crop to a value-added cash crop. The inherent capacity of sorghum to tolerant harsh weather gives it an added advantage in mitigating the effects of climate change. The major goal of the Sorghum Program in Zambia is to upscale dissemination of already developed, underutilized, low cost, proven and improved sorghum technologies.
The program has invested in the development of Sorghum Open Pollinated Variety (SOPVs) Technologies that are high yielding with a broader environmental adaptation. SOPVs contribute to national food security and economic development and need to be upscaled through research, extension and enabling policies. The Sorghum Breeding Program utilizes sustainable approaches to ensure that the climate adaptation technologies are utilized by farmers along the Zambezi and Luangwa river basins because these are areas mostly affected by the impact of climatic fluctuations. To make this approach sustainable the Sorghum Breeding Program incorporates agronomic practices such as conservation farming and other soil improvement technologies.
Since farmers not only need food security but also income for social-economic growth, the program equally makes efforts to link small-scale farmers to markets. Disseminating technologies on sorghum value addition is also on the priority list because sorghum can also be used in the food industry (healthy foods), feed industry (stock feed and silage), brewing industry (malt and beer) and energy industry (bio-fuels). The private sector has been persuaded to continue investing in agriculture through input supplies and value addition. While the public sector (government) has been encouraged to make appropriate policies that can enhance sustainable agriculture. The changing climates and economies require that food diversification, sustainable agriculture and proven technologies for climate change adaptation are encouraged.
Measuring the Own Velocity of Material Bodies in a Vacuum Using A Light Clock
Authors: Wajda Tadeusz 
Published: November 2020

The article presents the principle of light clock operation in terms of the values of the time intervals it generates. The time intervals generated by the light clock are different and depend on the velocity of the clock movement in the vacuum and its orientation in relation to the direction of its movement. The stationary clock will set the shortest time intervals. A clock in motion, oriented transversely, will calculate time intervals longer than the stationary clock. The same light clock in motion, oriented longitudinally, will determine the longest time intervals. In this orientation, the light clock will run at its slowest pace.
time intervals generated by the light clock were derived. These relationships were determined based on the principles of classical physics without referring to the theory of relativity and, in particular, its postulates, which are incorrect. It is not time that dilates, but the light clock in motion sets time intervals longer than the stationary clock.
The novelty is the discovery that the values of the K coefficients depend not only on the velocity of the clock's movement but also on its orientation in relation to the direction of its movement.
Based on these analyzes and findings, a technical way of measuring the own velocity, e.g. a rocket moving in a vacuum with respect to this vacuum, has been submitted, without the need to refer to other material bodies and local reference systems.
New Thermodynamics: Inelastic Collisions, Blackbody Radiation, Entropy and Light
Authors: Mayhew Kent W. 
Published: November 2020

Most collisions that we witness are inelastic. Irrationally, the sciences have evolved around elastic collisions, which allows for simpler mathematical modelling. Since a result of inelastic collisions are photons, we examine the feasibility of an ensemble of inelastic collisions producing a blackbody spectrum. This will lead to reconsideration of how the light that governs our lives is produced, i.e., light from both the stars and incandescent lightbulbs.
A brief discussion of entropy being a mathematical contrivance based upon elastic collisions is included. A consequence of collisions being inelastic becomes, entropy can only be an approximation when applied to the real world. And this fits well with “New Thermodynamics”.
Derecho penal y criminología sociológica: integración y desintegración
Authors: Zaffaroni Eugenio Raul 
Published: November 2020

En general, cada rama del derecho reconoce las funciones de sus respectivas sanciones, sin mayores disidencias entre sus cultores, que pueden disentir sobre su buen o mal uso, pero no sobre la naturaleza y función de ellas. Pero entre los penalistas no existe acuerdo al respecto. Ninguna otra materia jurídica ostenta un abanico de opiniones respecto de la función de su sanción similar a nuestro cuadro de teorías de la pena, por lo que es tiempo de reconocer que se trata de una anomalía jurídica. Sabemos que el ejercicio del poder punitivo sirve para algo y -si dejamos de lado los libros- intuimos sus muy diferentes y múltiples consecuencias, imposibles de reconocer en totalidad. A veces es posible percibir que, en ciertos conflictos, desempeña alguna de las funciones teorizadas en el cuadro de teorías de la pena, pero en otros sería absurdo asignarle el mismo cometido. Por eso, cada penalista parte de cómo cree que debiera ser la función y el objeto o fin de la pena y, según esa elección subjetiva, justifica y legitima cierta medida de ejercicio del poder punitivo. Cada penalista dice: la pena debería cumplir esta función y, por ende, la legitimo en la medida en que la cumpla y construyo mi teoría jurídica (sistema) a partir de esta premisa.