bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denmark as the Big Satan: Projections of Scandinavia in the Arab World and the Future of Multiculturalism
Authors: Anders Rudling Per 
Published: May 2020

During the winter and spring of 2006, Denmark and Scandinavia faced its most serious crisis since World War II. The conflict started as a Danish newspaper published a number of cartoons, some of which portrayed the prophet Muhammad. After the Danish government rejected their requests to censor the media, Danish Islamists distributed these pictures to some senior political and religious figures in the Middle East and requested their support against Denmark. To these pictures, they added a number of more offensive images, never published in any Danish newspaper in order to infuriate Muslims around the world. Muslim clerics, assisted by the governments of Saudi Arabia, Syria and Iran caused the region to explode in protest and violent riots, in which 44 people were killed. Danish products were boycotted across the Muslim world; Scandinavian embassies were attacked and set ablaze in Syria, Iran, Lebanon and Indonesia. Islamists promised substantial rewards for anyone who would murder Danish and Norwegian peacekeepers, and Scandinavian UN forces were attacked in Palestine and Afghanistan. The Scandinavian countries and the EU are struggling to find a way to address the issue of radical Islam within their societies, and how to defend liberal democratic values from attacks from its enemies. This process may lead to a redefinition of values, a shift from multiculturalism to an embrace of the democratic western values upon which the European states are based.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v2i3.174
The European Security and Defence Policy: Defining the European Union as a Rational Actor in International Security
Authors: Castillo Juan-Camilo 
Published: May 2020

The main objective of this article is to analyze how the European Union, through its Security and Defence Policy, has become a rational actor in international security matters since the end of the Cold War. It will analyze the close relation that exists between European integration and the notion of continental collective security. Also the new post-Cold War concerns that present a potential risk to the EU are going to be examined, and consequently how they affect the rationality of this institution as an actor. Finally the last section will explore the divergence between Europe and America in matters of security and the way this political drift may create a situation in which NATO can become irrelevant in regards of European defence.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v3i3.189
The Growing Influence of the Courts over the Fate of Refugees
Authors: Soennecken Dagmar 
Published: May 2020

A number of migration scholars suggest that domestic courts have become the key protective institution for refugees. How can we explain this claim? One prominent explanation identifies group litigation as the key source of the increasing influence of the courts. How well does this explanation travel empirically? The article evaluates this explanation by examining the puzzling behaviour of German refugee NGOs. They have not entered the legal arena directly (either as parties or as interveners), nor have they concentrated on developing extensive litigation campaigns. Still, they are remarkably ‘judicialized’: their frequent engagement with the law in other respects has heightened their legal consciousness. Why have German refugee NGOs made such different choices than their North American counterparts and what do these choices tell us about the expanding influence of the courts over the fate of refugees in Germany and North America? To make sense of the different choices that these organizations have made, we need to understand the role that institutional norms and procedures, in particular policy legacies, have played in directing the behaviour and identity of these groups. For a number of reasons, German refugee NGOs historically have been discouraged from directly accessing the courts in favour of indirect participation. Since Canadian and American refugee organizations follow a pattern closer to the expectations of the (largely North American) literature on the subject, we need to be more careful in thinking through ou

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v4i2.199
The Role of Italy in the Development of Energy Cooperation between Kazakhstan and the EU
Authors: Nurgaliyeva Lyailya 
Published: May 2020

This paper focuses on the contribution of Italy to the development of energy cooperation between Kazakhstan and the EU, focusing on the specific case of the Kashagan oil field. I argue that Italy, as the largest importer of Kazakhstan’s oil, can play a significant role in the diversification of energy export routes from Kazakhstan and in the introduction of new European technologies. In turn, Kazakhstan can play a prominent role in ensuring the energy security of the EU, especially after the 2014 Crimea incident. I posit that recent Italy-Kazakhstan relations shows how a medium-sized power such as Italy can be important in leading a larger block of countries into a new field of investment and development.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i1.244
The Politics of Face Coverings and Masks in Russia, France, and Quebec
Authors: Chandler Andrea 
Published: May 2020

Since 2004, governments in a number of countries have initiated tense political debates over the question of whether religious symbols should be permitted in public places. Frequently, such debates have focussed on the head and face coverings worn by many observant Muslim women, as has been explored by a rich scholarly literature. However, relatively little has been written about the specific reasons why these laws have been adopted, and few cross-national comparisons have been made. This paper will examine the following cases: first, the law against wearing face coverings in France, adopted during Nicolas Sarkozy’s presidency in 2010; and second, the extensive debates about access to government services for people wearing religious clothing in Québèc (Canada). Finally, the paper will examine the distinct case of Russia, where high court decisions have revealed a reversal in the authorities’ former tolerance of the wearing of head coverings in public places. Three variables help to explain why these laws came upon the political agenda in these admittedly very different countries. First, all three adopted previous measures to limit citizens’ ability to don face coverings during political protests; second, these countries’ choices influenced each other, showing the importance that global influences can play in policy formation; and finally, political leaders attempted to use laws on face and head coverings as a strategy to reinforce their power.
Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i2.230
Inscribing Maternalism in the Social Investment Perspective
Authors: Jenson Jane 
Published: May 2020

Beginning in the 1960s, second-wave feminists framed their claims against the discourses and policy practices in the male breadwinner model that was widespread at the time. They found it too maternalist, accepting the traditional role of women as mothers responsible for care. It is, therefore, ironic that the male breadwinner model is no longer promoted by public policy communities, and yet, maternalism has returned to policy practices. The social investment perspective, now dominant in European social policy, addresses women primarily as mothers and secondarily as workers. This article documents this return to maternalism and attributes the shift to two ideational mechanisms present in the universe of political discourse within which proponents of the social investment perspective act. One is a mechanism of “being aware of gender,” including differences generating inequalities, and the other is a mechanism of “writing out gender equality.” Both drive the process of inscribing maternalism into policy and programmes.

Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v9i2.231
ISSUES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF HIVHCV COINFECTION
Authors: Rassokhin V. V. , Boeva E. V. 
Published: May 2020

General characteristic of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and features of the course of co-infection with human immunodeﬁciency virus (HIV) was presented. Epidemiologic aspects of these diseases were considered in key populations. Special focus was on pathogenetic components of pathogenic mechanisms in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).
CORONAVIRUS INFECTIOUS DISEASE COVID-19. NATURE OF VIRUS, PATHOGENESIS, CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, REPORT 1
Authors: Belyakov N. A. , Rassokhin V. V. , Yastrebova E. B. 
Published: May 2020

In this number, we begin publication of case series devoted to epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, medical and social consequences of COVID-19. Taking into account the situation anxiety, infection scope and spread rate, involvement of the whole nation into the problem irrespective of gender, age, social affiliations along with comprehensive observing social and medical prevention measures, preemptive training and continuing education of medical specialists are essential considering that novel coronavirus is new not only viewed from its molecular biological features perspective but also from the perspective of possible difficulties of diagnosis and treatment, clinical features, high risk of development of critical con- ditions and complications, high mortality rate that has been shown by an example of China, USA, and European Countries.In the ﬁrst report, we tried to highlight the experience gained in the study of novel coronavirus nature, epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, give information from literature sources based on the experience of our colleagues in coping with serious disease and its consequences.
Технические аспекты публикации на нескольких языках – как правильно связать DOI
Authors: Бирюков Александр , Скалабан Алексей 
Published: May 2020

Статья призвана оспорить утверждение "объединить же ссылки на версии одной и той же статьи в журналах разных издательств не представляется возможным (DOI пока эту задачу не решает)".
Мы рассматриваем проблему публикации на нескольких языках и связанные с этим библиометрические и этические проблемы. Текущие практики включают в себя а) использование одного DOI одним издателем, б) использование разных DOI одним издателем, в) использование разных DOI разными издателями. Существующие решения для связи публикаций на нескольких языках, такие как Math-Net.Ru решают рассмотренные проблемы только частично. Проанализировав плюсы и минусы различных решений, мы предлагаем решение связывания DOI различных версий статьи с помощью нового механизма Crossref и рассмотрим как этот механизм используется международными и российскими журналами. Мы надеемся, массовый переход журналов на использование этого механизма не только исключит этические проблемы, но и поможет международным наукометрическим базам организовать правильный подсчет цитат.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENGAPRESIASIKAN NOVEL MELALUI PENDEKATAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE SISWA KELAS IX SMPN 10 PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Retti Sufia 
Published: May 2020

penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya keterampilan siswa dalam mengapresiasi sastra. Hal ini terlihat pada nilai harian siswa yang berada di bawah kriteria ketuntasan minimum. Rendahnya keterampilan mengapresiasi novel tersebut berasal dari rendahnya minat baca siswa. Siswa perlu dihadapkan pada karya novel secara utuh tidak berupa sinopsis. Jenis penelitian ini adalah tindakan kelas. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Data penelitian diperoleh dalam bentuk data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi, catatan lapangan dan angket.Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui tes akhir siklus.Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembelajaran mengapresiasikan novel siswa meningkat melalui pendekatan kooperatif tipe TPS. Peningkatan tersebut pada hasil tes siklus 1 dengan rata-rata 68,99 dan siklus II 79,22. Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan tersebut diantaranya; pemilihan metode yang sesuai dengan materi dan karakteristik siswa, rencana dan tindakan guru yang tepat, dan memotivasi siswa sehingga bersemangat dan aktif dalam belajar. Kata kunci; peningkatan, keterampilan, mengapresiasi novel, kooperatif
Analisis Risiko Pajanan NH3 dan H2S Terhadap Gangguan Pernapasan Pada Penduduk di Sekitar Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Bukit Pinang Samarinda
Authors: Firdaus Ade Rahmat 
Published: May 2020

Tercemarnya udara di sekitar TPA menyebabkan kesehatan lingkungan terganggu, gas NH3, H2S dan gas pencemar lainnya adalah zat pencemar udara di TPAS yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan, terutama meningkatkan gangguan pernapasan. TPAS Bukit Pinang merupakan TPAS yang terdapat di Kota Samarinda dan masih menggunakan metode open dumping yang dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan.Desain penelitian dengan pendekatan cross-sectional.3 titik pengambilan sampel NH3 dan H2S dan responden sebanyak 34 orang yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling.Analisis data menggunakan Uji T - Independen dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi NH3 dan H2S di TPA Sampah Bukit Pinang pada titik sampel I, II, dan III masih berada dibawah baku mutu. Hasil uji T - Independent menunjukkan ada hubungan konsentrasi NH3 (?-value = 0,005), konsentrasi H2S (?-value = 0,042), lama pajanan NH3 dan H2S (?-value = 0,000), dan Risk Quotient NH3 (?-value = 0,000), H2S (?-value = 0,000) dengan gangguan pernapasan pada penduduk di sekitar TPA Sampah bukit Pinang. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan frekuensi pajanan NH3 dan H2S (?-value = 0,284) dengan gangguan pernapasan pada penduduk di sekitar TPA Sampah Bukit Pinang.
Investigation on the Danger of Electronic Cigarette on Young Adults
Authors: Chen Vivian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract:
It is commonly known that smoking tobacco can lead to adverse health consequences. However, faced with the temptation of tobacco, there are still many tobacco users who choose to ignore the health effect of smoking. Recently, electronic cigarettes (E-cigarette) have been introduced as a way to remedy the negative consequences of smoking tobacco. E-cigarettes have become a trend, especially among youth populations, given their curiosity about the new product, their pursuit of tobacco culture, and their misconceptions about e-cigarettes' harmful effects. This has caused the number of e-cigarette users to continue rising. However, studies have shown that smoking e-cigarettes can have a harmful effect on their users, and particularly for young smokers, with harmful effects deteriorating not only the physical health of the smoker, but also mental and behavioral health. This paper focuses on an investigation into harmful effects that e-cigarettes have on youth, exploring the specific hazards of the chemicals in e-cigarettes. The hope is that this work can offer beneficial insights for youth and for the society as a whole concerning the harmful effects of e-cigarettes, thereby reducing or terminating the use of e-cigarettes altogether.
Innovación didáctica inclusiva basada en la pedagogía dialógica participativa e interactiva aplicado al área de matemática en estudiante vulnerable basada en un estudio de caso
Authors: Cayo Ignacio Eduardo 
Published: May 2020

La propuesta de innovación didáctica, se contextualiza en los modelos dialógicos, participativos e interactivos que favorecen el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. La metodología de trabajo , se posicionó en la investigación acción participativa y se estructura en el colaborativo entre educadores y estudiantes de un colegio subvencionado con altos niveles de vulnerabilidad, Comuna Coronel-Chile. El diseño de innovación, estableció estaciones de aprendizaje utilizando la motricidad, concentración y desarrollo de habilidades de razonamiento lógico matemático. El modelo de innovación didáctica, se denominó “Yincana de las Matemáticas”, en el que los estudiantes fueron actores protagónicos, siendo retroalimentado el modelo para su posterior reformulación mediante el diálogo con los educandos. Los resultados evidenciaron que los estudiantes ante este tipo de iniciativas tuvieron una activa interacción entre sus compañeros, logrando fomentar la integración e inclusión. Además, la iniciativa potenció el trabajo colaborativo entre los educadores (educadora diferencial, profesores jefes, profesor de matemática y orientador educacional), mejorando con esta herramienta de innovación el ambiente de aprendizaje y clima de aula. Por lo tanto, los aprendizajes desarrollados permitieron que los estudiantes fueran los principales evaluadores de la actividad.
THE ANALYSIS OF SOIL TEMPERATURES IN DIFFERENT DEPTHS USING SPEARMAN’S RHO AND MANN-KENDALL CORRELATION TESTS: THE CASE STUDY OF NIGDE CENTER IN TURKEY
Authors: Bagdatlı M. Cüneyt , Ballı Yiğitcan 
Published: May 2020

This research was conducted to determine soil temperatures in different soil depths in located Turkey’s Anatolia Region in Center of Nigde Province. In the study, the maximum, minimum and average soil temperature values of 10 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm depths observed between 1970-2019 were examined. All soil temperature data were evaluated monthly within the scope of the study. In the study, Mann-Kendall, Sperman's Rho correlation test and Sen's slope method were used. According to the research result; The average of maximum soil temperatures in 10 cm depth was calculated as 6,8 0C in winter months and 20,7 0C in spring months. The average minimum soil temperature was calculated as 0,3 0C in winter and 5,0 0C in spring Months in long periods Generally, it was observed that there was an increasingly significant trend at maximum temperatures of 10 cm depth. According to the Mann-Kendal facility, a significant increase trend was observed in minimum soil temperatures in spring, winter and Summer months except for the months of autumn. Considering the average maximum temperature values in 50 cm; It was calculated as 6,6 °C in winter and 13,6 °C in spring months. The minimum soil temperature average was calculated as 3,5 0C in winter and 8,3 0C in spring months in long period (50 year, 600 months). In general, it was observed that there was an increasingly significant trend at maximum temperatures of 50 cm soil depth. According to Mann-Kendall and Sperman Rho test, a significant increase trend was observed in minimum soil temperatures in all seasons except for autumn months. According to the average maximum temperature values in 100 cm depth; It was calculated as 9,2 0C in winter and 11,5 0C in spring. The minimum soil temperature average was calculated as 7,1 0C in winter and 8.7 0C in spring months. It has been observed that there is a significant increase trend in the increasing of maximum and minimum soil temperatures of 100 cm soil depth.
PERILAKU PEMIJAHAN TERIPANG PASIR (HOLOTHURIA SCABRA) BERDASARKAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN (SUHU) DI DESA OHOI LETMAN KECAMATAN KEI KECIL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGGARA
Authors: Narayaman Adolof S 
Published: May 2020

Background: Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra) is one of the export commodities from fisheries sector which has decreased production and resource conservation. Spawning sea cucumbers as a first step in the provision of seeds on the cultivation that has been successfully done naturally, but the frequency of spawning is still very low.
Method: Treatment of mother of sea cucumber which is selected and taken as sample which is 8 tail and have always active behavior. Mother of sea cucumber then selected by length and weight of sea cucumber.
Result: Spawning behavior displayed by sea cucumbers during spawning based on environmental factors (temperature) by raising the temperature (boiling) seawater or temperature shock. So at an initial temperature of 27 ° C the behavior of sea cucumbers looks very active. Then with an interval of ± 30 minutes the temperature increased to 28 ° C, seen the behavior shown that the sea cucumbers do the process of elongation of the body, so that the sea cucumber looks different from before
Conclusion: Male breeding spawning on the back of the body (posterior), the mother cucumber raises the height of the head or the front of the body (anterior) which visible a bulge that then removes the sperm that looks like white smoke in the water. With an interval of 10 minutes a female parent appeared to be in the same temperature and the same breeding method the mature female was removing the egg.
PENGARUH EKSTRAK AIR BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) TERHADAP MORTALITAS LARVA Crocidolomia binotalis PADA TANAMAN KUBIS
Authors: Moniharapon Debby , Nindatu Maria 
Published: May 2020

Background: Garcil (Allium sativum) is an important commodity and has high economic value in Indonesia.Studies have been using water extracts of garcil as larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis in august –september 2014. This study aimed to determine the effect of water extract of Garlic (Allium sativum) on mortality of larvae on cabbage plants Crocidolomia binotalis.
Methods: This study was an experimental study, using a rando mized block design (RBD), using the control group, and treatment concentraction of water extracts of garlic (Allium sativum). Concentration ranging from 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% with observation for 24 hours. Data effect of aqueous extract of garlic is effective against larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis analyzed by real difference test (LSD) and the determination of the value of LC50, using SPSS.
Result: The results showed the water extract of garlic is effective for larval mortality Crocidolomia binotalis is the concentration of 6% and of probit analysis LC50 values of 4,632%.
Conclusion: Concentration of 4,632% aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) can kill larvae Crocidolomia binotalis after administration of the extract and observation for 24 hours