bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЯ ТА ОСНОВНІ ЧИННИКИ ГОСТРОГО РЕСПІРАТОРНОГО ДИСТРЕС-СИНДРОМУ
Authors: Savchuk S. O. , Synytsky I. M. 
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи. Проаналізувати літературні джерела щодо поширеності та основних етіологічних чинників гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні опрацьовано наукові публікації за останнє десятиліття, які доступні у мережі «Інтернет», ключовими словами були «гострий респіраторний дистрес-синдром», «гостре ураження легень».
Результати й обговорення. Узагальнюючи аналіз літературних джерел, можна говорити про прогрес у вивченні ГРДС, удосконалення термінів і понять, хоча й до сьогодні у наукових джерелах описано високу захворюваність і смертність від даного синдрому. Різні автори наголосили на появі цього синдрому при травматичному ушкодженні легень і голови, отруєннях газом або димом, аспірації шлункового вмісту і меконію, дифузній альвеолярній кровотечі, туберкульозі. Багато сучасних досліджень торкається розвитку ГРДС при пневмоніях. В останнє десятиліття встановлено, що розвитку ГРДС також сприяє хронічний алкоголізм. Наукові публікації свідчать про велике число позалегеневих патологій.
Висновки. Аналітичний огляд основних тенденцій наукових досліджень вказує на високу частоту гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому, що асоціюється зі зростанням смертності при цій патології. Це обґрунтовує необхідність подальшого розширення і поглиблення уявлень про основні патобіохімічні процеси, що розвиваються при цьому синдромі.
ЕКОНОМІЧНА СКЛАДОВА СТРАХОВОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ
Authors: Habor V. S. , Badiuk O. O. 
Published: February 2020

Мета роботи. Проаналізувати витрати на охорону здоров’я населення й держави у сучасних реаліях страхової медицини.
Матеріали і методи. Теоретичним та методологічним підґрунтям статті стали офіційні документи Міністерства охорони здоров’я, праці вітчизняних і зарубіжних науковців, Internet-ресурси. Дослідження проведено із застосуванням методів теоретичного узагальнення, порівняльного аналізу, аналізу та синтезу, що дозволило проаналізувати економічні витрати на охорону здоров’я.
Результати й обговорення. Якщо розглядати здоров’я населення з позиції виробничої сили, то воно є невід’ємною частиною виробничого циклу, що є основою розвитку держави. Розуміння цього зумовлює великі витрати в економічно розвинутих країнах на охорону здоров’я. Чи можливо впровадити на даний час соціальне медичне страхування? Так, за умови розширення та доповнення законопроектів щодо медичного страхування, а також чіткого визначення процедур їх застосування. Проте особливої уваги потребує узгодження упровадження обов’язкового медичного страхування з українськими реаліями. Чи готова держава і роботодавці нести фінансову відповідальність за працівника? Питання дискутабельне.
Висновки. Впровадження соціального медичного страхування є доцільним для забезпечення комплексного лікування, забезпечення медикаментами; конт­ролю якості лікування, відповідного рівня підготовки лікарів. Ефективне функціонування страхової медицини можливе при стабільній економіці. Витрати бюджету на охорону здоров’я в 2019 р. в Україні становили в середньому 51 % від загального обсягу.
Initial Precipitants and Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Wang Elizabeth Y. , Hulme Olivia L. , Khurshid Shaan , Weng Lu-Chen , Choi Seung Hoan , Walkey Allan J. , Ashburner Jeffrey M. , McManus David D. , Singer Daniel E. , Atlas Steven J. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Trinquart Ludovic , Lubitz Steven A. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) may occur after an acute precipitant and subsequently resolve. Management guidelines for AF in these settings are unclear as the risk of recurrent AF and related morbidity is poorly understood. We examined the relations between acute precipitants of AF and long-term recurrence of AF in a clinical setting.

Methods:
From a multi-institutional longitudinal electronic medical record database, we identified patients with newly diagnosed AF between 2000 and 2014. We developed algorithms to identify acute AF precipitants (surgery, sepsis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, respiratory failure, myocardial infarction, thyrotoxicosis, alcohol, pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, and myocarditis). We assessed risks of AF recurrence in individuals with and without a precipitant and the relations between AF recurrence and heart failure, stroke, and mortality.

Results:

Among 10 723 patients with newly diagnosed AF (67.9±9.9 years, 41% women), 19% had an acute AF precipitant, the most common of which were cardiac surgery (22%), pneumonia (20%), and noncardiothoracic surgery (15%). The cumulative incidence of AF recurrence at 5 years was 41% among individuals with a precipitant compared with 52% in those without a precipitant (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69–0.81];
P
<0.001). The lowest risk of recurrence among those with precipitants occurred with postoperative AF (5-year incidence 32% in cardiac surgery and 39% in noncardiothoracic surgery). Regardless of the presence of an initial precipitant, recurrent AF was associated with increased adjusted risks of heart failure (hazard ratio, 2.74 [95% CI, 2.39–3.15];
P
<0.001), stroke (hazard ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.30–1.90];
P
<0.001), and mortality (hazard ratio, 2.96 [95% CI, 2.70–3.24];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
AF after an acute precipitant frequently recurs, although the risk of recurrence is lower than among individuals without an acute precipitant. Recurrence is associated with substantial long-term morbidity and mortality. Future studies should address surveillance and management after newly diagnosed AF in the setting of an acute precipitant.
Potassium Disturbances and Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation Among Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ravn Jacobsen Mia , Jabbari Reza , Glinge Charlotte , Kjær Stampe Niels , Butt Jawad Haider , Blanche Paul , Lønborg Jacob , Wendelboe Nielsen Olav , Køber Lars , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Pedersen Frants , Tfelt‐Hansen Jacob , Engstrøm Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Background

Potassium disturbances per se increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation (
VF
). Whether potassium disturbances in the acute phase of
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (
STEMI
) are associated with
VF
before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (
PPCI
) is uncertain.

Methods and Results

All consecutive
STEMI
patients were identified in the Eastern Danish Heart Registry from 1999 to 2016. Comorbidities and medication use were assessed from Danish nationwide registries. Potassium levels were collected immediately before
PPCI
start. Multivariate logistic models were performed to determine the association between potassium and
VF
. The main analysis included 8624
STEMI
patients of whom 822 (9.5%) had
VF
before
PPCI
. Compared with 6693 (77.6%) patients with normokalemia (3.5–5.0 mmol/L), 1797 (20.8%) patients with hypokalemia (<3.5 mmol/L) were often women with fewer comorbidities, whereas 134 (1.6%) patients with hyperkalemia (>5.0 mmol/L) were older with more comorbidities. After adjustment, patients with hypokalemia and hyperkalemia had a higher risk of
VF
before
PPCI
(odds ratio 1.90, 95%
CI
1.57–2.30,
P
<0.001) and (odds ratio 3.36, 95%
CI
1.95–5.77,
P
<0.001) compared with normokalemia, respectively. Since the association may reflect a post‐resuscitation phenomenon, a sensitivity analysis was performed including 7929
STEMI
patients without
VF
before
PPCI
of whom 127 (1.6%) had
VF
during
PPCI
. Compared with normokalemia, patients with hypokalemia had a significant association with
VF
during
PPCI
(odds ratio 1.68, 95%
CI
1.01–2.77,
P
=0.045) after adjustment.

Conclusions

Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are associated with increased risk of
VF
before
PPCI
during
STEMI
. For hypokalemia, the association may be independent of the measurement of potassium before or after
VF
.
Association of Neighborhood Race and Income With Survival After Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chan Paul S. , McNally Bryan , Vellano Kimberly , Tang Yuanyuan , Spertus John A. 
Published: February 2020

Background
For individuals with an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), survival may be influenced by the neighborhood in which the arrest occurs.

Methods and Results

Within the national CARES (Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival) registry, we identified 169 502 patients with OHCA from 2013 to 2017. On the basis of census tract data, OHCAs were categorized as occurring in predominantly white (>80% white), majority black (>50% black), or integrated (neither of these 2) neighborhoods and in low‐income (median household <$40 000), middle‐income ($40 000 to $80 000), or high‐income (>$80 000) neighborhoods. With hierarchical logistic regression, the association of neighborhood race and income on overall survival was assessed. Overall, 37.5%, 16.6%, and 45.9% of people had an OHCA in predominantly white, majority black, and integrated neighborhoods, and 30.1%, 53.4%, and 16.5% in low‐, middle‐, and high‐income neighborhoods, respectively. Compared with OHCAs occurring in predominantly white neighborhoods, those in majority black neighborhoods were 12% less likely (6.9% versus 10.6%; adjusted odds ratio 0.88; 95% CI 0.82‐0.95;
P
<0.001) to survive to discharge, whereas those in integrated neighborhoods had similar survival (10.3% versus 10.6%; adjusted odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.96‐1.04;
P
=0.93). Compared with high‐income neighborhoods, those in middle‐income neighborhoods were 11% (10.1% versus 11.3%; adjusted odds ratio 0.89; 95% CI 0.8‐0.94;
P
<0.001) less likely to survive to discharge, whereas those in low‐income neighborhoods were 12% (8.6% versus 11.3%; adjusted odds ratio 95% CI 0.83‐0.94;
P
<0.001) less likely to survive. Differential rates of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation only modestly attenuated neighborhood differences in survival.

Conclusions
OHCAs in majority black and non–high‐income neighborhoods have lower survival rates, and these differences were not explained by differential bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation rates.
Relation Between Leisure Time, Commuting, and Occupational Physical Activity With Blood Pressure in 125 402 Adults: The Lifelines Cohort
Authors: Byambasukh Oyuntugs , Snieder Harold , Corpeleijn Eva 
Published: February 2020

Background

Whether all domains of daily‐life moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (
MVPA
) are associated with lower blood pressure (
BP
) and how this association depends on age and body mass index remains unclear.

Methods and Results

In the population‐based Lifelines cohort (N=125 402),
MVPA
was assessed by the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health‐Enhancing Physical Activity, a validated questionnaire in different domains such as commuting, leisure‐time, and occupational
PA
.
BP
was assessed using the last 3 of 10 measurements after 10 minutes’ rest in the supine position. Hypertension was defined as systolic
BP
≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic
BP
≥90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensives. In regression analysis, higher commuting and leisure‐time but not occupational
MVPA
related to lower
BP
and lower hypertension risk. Commuting‐and‐leisure‐time
MVPA
was associated with
BP
in a dose‐dependent manner. β Coefficients (95%
CI
) from linear regression analyses were −1.64 (−2.03 to −1.24), −2.29 (−2.68 to −1.90), and finally −2.90 (−3.29 to −2.50) mm Hg systolic
BP
for the low, middle, and highest tertile of
MVPA
compared with “No
MVPA
” as the reference group after adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking and alcohol use. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated the associations by 30% to 50%, but more
MVPA
remained significantly associated with lower
BP
and lower risk of hypertension. This association was age dependent. β Coefficients (95%
CI
) for the highest tertiles of commuting‐and‐leisure‐time MVPA were −1.67 (−2.20 to −1.15), −3.39 (−3.94 to −2.82) and −4.64 (−6.15 to −3.14) mm Hg systolic
BP
in adults <40, 40 to 60, and >60 years, respectively.

Conclusions

Higher commuting and leisure‐time but not occupational
MVPA
were significantly associated with lower
BP
and lower hypertension risk at all ages, but these associations were stronger in older adults.
Fully Automated Segmentation Algorithm for Perihematomal Edema Volumetry After Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Ironside Natasha , Chen Ching-Jen , Mutasa Simukayi , Sim Justin L. , Ding Dale , Marfatiah Saurabh , Roh David , Mukherjee Sugoto , Johnston Karen C. , Southerland Andrew M. , Mayer Stephan A. , Lignelli Angela , Connolly Edward Sander 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
Perihematomal edema (PHE) is a promising surrogate marker of secondary brain injury in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, but it can be challenging to accurately and rapidly quantify. The aims of this study are to derive and internally validate a fully automated segmentation algorithm for volumetric analysis of PHE.

Methods—
Inpatient computed tomography scans of 400 consecutive adults with spontaneous, supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage enrolled in the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes Project (2009–2018) were separated into training (n=360) and test (n=40) datasets. A fully automated segmentation algorithm was derived from manual segmentations in the training dataset using convolutional neural networks, and its performance was compared with that of manual and semiautomated segmentation methods in the test dataset.

Results—

The mean volumetric dice similarity coefficients for the fully automated segmentation algorithm were 0.838±0.294 and 0.843±0.293 with manual and semiautomated segmentation methods as reference standards, respectively. PHE volumes derived from the fully automated versus manual (r=0.959;
P
<0.0001), fully automated versus semiautomated (r=0.960;
P
<0.0001), and semiautomated versus manual (r=0.961;
P
<0.0001) segmentation methods had strong between-group correlations. The fully automated segmentation algorithm (mean 18.0±1.8 seconds/scan) quantified PHE volumes at a significantly faster rate than both of the manual (mean 316.4±168.8 seconds/scan;
P
<0.0001) and semiautomated (mean 480.5±295.3 seconds/scan;
P
<0.0001) segmentation methods.

Conclusions—
The fully automated segmentation algorithm accurately quantified PHE volumes from computed tomography scans of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage patients with high fidelity and greater efficiency compared with manual and semiautomated segmentation methods. External validation of fully automated segmentation for assessment of PHE is warranted.
Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Strokes
Authors: Sarraj Amrou , Savitz Sean , Pujara Deep , Kamal Haris , Carroll Kirsten , Shaker Faris , Reddy Sujan , Parsha Kaushik , Fournier Lauren E. , Jones Erica M. , Sharrief Anjail , Martin-Schild Sheryl , Grotta James 
Published: February 2020

Background and Purpose—
Timely access to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) centers is vital for best acute ischemic stroke outcomes.

Methods—
US stroke-treating centers were mapped utilizing geo-mapping and stratified into non-EVT or EVT if they reported ≥1 acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy code in 2017 to Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Direct EVT-access, defined as the population with the closest facility being an EVT-center, was calculated from validated trauma-models adapted for stroke. Current 15- and 30-minute access were described nationwide and at state-level with emphasis on 4 states (TX, NY, CA, IL). Two optimization models were utilized. Model-A used a greedy algorithm to capture the largest population with direct access when flipping 10% and 20% non-EVT to EVT-centers to maximize access. Model-B used bypassing methodology to directly transport patients to the nearest EVT centers if the drive-time difference from the geo-centroid to hospital was within 15 minutes from the geo-centroid to the closest non-EVT center.

Results—
Of 1941 stroke-centers, 713 (37%) were EVT. Approximately 61 million (19.8%) Americans have direct EVT access within 15 minutes while 95 million (30.9%) within 30 minutes. There were 65 (43%) EVT centers in TX with 22% of the population currently within 15-minute access. Flipping 10% hospitals with top population density improved access to 30.8%, while bypassing resulted in 45.5% having direct access to EVT centers. Similar results were found in NY (current, 20.9%; flipping, 34.7%; bypassing, 50.4%), CA (current, 25.5%; flipping, 37.3%; bypassing, 53.9%), and IL (current, 15.3%; flipping, 21.9%; bypassing, 34.6%). Nationwide, the current direct access within 15 minutes of 19.8% increased by 7.5% by flipping the top 10% non-EVT to EVT-capable in all states. Bypassing non-EVT centers by 15 minutes resulted in a 16.7% gain in coverage.

Conclusions—
EVT-access within 15 minutes is limited to less than one-fifth of the US population. Optimization methodologies that increase EVT centers or bypass non-EVT to the closest EVT center both showed enhanced access. Results varied by states based on the population size and density. However, bypass showed more potential for maximizing direct EVT-access. National and state efforts should focus on identifying gaps and tailoring solutions to improve EVT-access.
Macro- and microhabitat preferences of eastern Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni boettgeri)
Authors: Nikolić Marko , Cvetković Jovana , Stojadinović Dragana , Crnobrnja-Isailović Jelka 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Macro- and microhabitat preference of Testudo hermanni boettgeri, the eastern subspecies of Hermann’s tortoise, was investigated utilizing modified methodology for the western subspecies which emphasized the importance of habitat heterogeneity preservation. The study objective was to explore the habitat preferences of the eastern subspecies of T. hermanni. Research was conducted within the same year at four localities in Eastern and Southeastern Serbia. Macrohabitat determination was conducted using a 0 to 5 land cover score system (coverage with herbaceous, bushy or tree vegetation) for 4 m2 tortoise encounter surroundings. Microhabitat analysis was carried out by determining the plant species in closest contact with the tortoise in the moment of recording. Plants were classified into six groups: 1) aromatic, 2) bramble, 3) herbaceous, 4) thorny shrub, 5) tree and 6) non-thorny shrubs. test was used for comparison between expected and empirical habitat preference. Results confirmed that the most attractive macrohabitats for Eastern Hermann’s tortoises in this part of the Balkans are meadows and open shrublands, with the addition of dense forest (important in wormer months), what is concordant with earlier data from the Mediterranean part of former Yugoslavia. The most attractive microhabitats were “herbaceous plants”, followed by “bramble”.
On the nomenclature of Cyrtorhininae Guinot, 1993 (Brachyura, Raninoidea)
Authors: Guinot Danièle , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The podotreme brachyuran subfamily Cyrtorhinae was established by Guinot (1993) for Cyrtorhina Monod, 1956, an unusual raninid genus from the Atlantic and Western Pacific. Although the family-group name has been accepted and used widely, it is not available for nomenclatural purposes. The present note serves to validate the name Cyrtorhininae.
Antibacterial and antiproteinase activities of a double whey acidic protein domain-containing protein from Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)
Authors: Sakunwattana Taksaorn , Jaree Phattarunda , Rimphanitchayakit Vichien , Tassanakajon Anchalee , Tharntada Sirinit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Double whey acidic protein domain-containing proteins (DWDs) or secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI)-like proteins, have been identified in many species of Crustacea. The PvDWD1 from Penaeus vannamei was the first SLPI-like protein identified in a crustacean. Herein, we report that the expression of PvDWD1 was up-regulated at 6 h after acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) challenge. Similarly, after a different stress other than bacterial infection, the chronic non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) induction, the expression of the PvDWD1 gene was increased at 6 and 24 h after chronic NLHS treatment. The recombinant PvDWD1 (rPvDWD1) protein was over-expressed and tested for its deleterious activity against the bacteria. The rPvDWD1 protein exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Bacillus megaterium and VPAHPND. Moreover, the rPvDWD1 protein possessed an antiproteinase activity against the secreted proteinases from Bacillus subtilis and VPAHPND. The PvDWD1 perhaps functions in shrimp immunity through antimicrobial and antiproteinase properties.
Theory of mind as a proxy for Palaeolithic language ability
Authors: Stade Cory Marie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Symbolic artefacts have long been archaeology’s primary contribution to tracing the origin and subsequent development of human language. But the identification and interpretation of symbolic behaviour poses numerous interpretive problems, particularly before the Upper Palaeolithic where clearly referential forms of symbolic material are rare. As an alternative, theory of mind is presented here, detailing its intimate relationship with language and likely coevolution, alongside the factors which make it a more effective proxy. As a cognitive ability that grades in complexity and predicts linguistic skill in modern cognition, theory of mind also has the potential to denote specific syntactic and semantic features of language such as word reference, mental state verbs and complementation. The potential to detect theory of mind in the archaeological record is considered here, such as within the cultural transmission of stone tool technology and forms of complex social learning like imitation and teaching in early hominin technologies.
Communication of Hazards in Mixed-Reality Telerobotic Systems: The Usage of Naturalistic Avoidance Cues in Driving Tasks
Authors: Valner Robert , Dydynski Jason Mario , Cho Sookyung , Kruusamäe Karl 
Published: February 2020

Objective This study investigates the effect of naturalistic visual cues on human avoidance behavior for a potential use in telerobotic user interfaces incorporating mixed-reality environments (e.g., augmented reality). Background Telerobotic systems used in hazardous environments require interfaces that draw operators’ attention to potential dangers. Existing means of hazard notification can often distract or induce stress in operators. In the design and implementation of such interfaces, visual semiotics plays a critical role in creating more effective interfaces. Naturalistic visual cues such as Aposematism or Kindchenschema have proven effective to communicate danger or caution in nature, but the application of these cues in visual systems have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Method A study was conducted where 40 volunteering participants were asked to control a remote vehicle in a simulated environment. The environment contained a set of neutral and visually augmented obstacles that were designed to provoke avoidance behavior. Results The use of visual cues triggered greater avoidance behaviors in participants compared to neutral obstacles. The distance of avoidance was correlated with the type of cue present, with obstacles augmented by Aposematism (Cue A) having a greater participant–obstacle distance than Kindchenschema (Cue K). Conclusions This study shows the potential for the incorporation of naturalistic visual cues as a means to designate warning or caution in telerobotic environments. Applications The findings can offer practical guidelines for the design of visual cues in telerobotic interfaces. The further incorporation of such cues may reduce operator stress and the amount of human errors in telerobotic operations.