bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel augmented reality framework based on monocular semi‐dense simultaneous localization and mapping
Authors: Wu Lianyao , Wan Wanggen , Yu Xiaoqing , Ye Chunkai , Muzahid A A M 
Published: March 2020

SummaryMarkerless tracking has been a trend in augmented reality (AR) applications nowadays, but it no longer satisfies users who want virtual characters to interact with the real world such as collision. Some sparse or dense simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) methods are proposed aiming to solve this problem. However, sparse methods only extract a plane from the sparse map, which cannot allow virtual characters to move realistically. Meanwhile, dense methods usually require powerful graphics processing unit (GPU) for dense mapping. In this paper, we present a real‐time AR framework based on a semi‐dense method with central processing unit (CPU). Specifically, the semi‐dense method searches pixels with high gradients in each keyframe and estimates accurate depths by fusing matching pixels in other keyframes. We propose an outlier removal method that excludes three‐dimensional points outside the camera trajectory. By integrating this method, our framework preserves clean edges of the real environment. The experimental results on the dataset show that our proposed framework has better surface reconstruction accuracy than other methods and our tracking thread runs in an acceptable speed when the semi‐dense mapping thread runs backend. With the benefit of the robust camera tracking and the aligned surface, virtual characters of our AR application enable realistic movement and collision.
IRF2‐INPP4B axis inhibits apoptosis of acute myeloid leukaemia cells via regulating T helper 1/2 cell differentiation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhu Kai , Liu Lin , Zhu Junfeng , Li Jiajia , Zhang Pingping , Hu Zhongli , Yuan Yuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe interferon‐regulatory factor 2 (IRF2)‐inositol polyphosphate‐4‐phosphatase type‐II (INPP4B) axis has been shown to suppress cell apoptosis by inducing autophagy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. T helper type 1 cell (Th1)/Th2 imbalance is involved in development of autophagy and AML. The aim of this study was to investigate whether IRF2‐INPP4B axis regulates autophagy and apoptosis of AML cells via regulating Th1/Th2 cell differentiation. The frequencies of Th2 cells and Th1 cells in transfected CD4+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐13 in peripheral blood and transfected CD4+ T cells from AML patients and healthy donors were examined by ELISA assay. The mRNA levels of IRF2 and INPP4B in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AML patients and healthy donors were detected by qRT‐PCR. Autophagy was evaluated by green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐LC3 immunofluorescence and western blot analysis of autophagy‐associated proteins. AML cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. In this study, elevated frequencies of Th2 cells and reduced frequencies of Th1 cells, as well as higher expression of IRF2 and INPP4B, were observed in PBMCs from AML patients relative to healthy donors. Furthermore, IRF2 inhibited Th1 cell differentiation and promoted Th2 cell differentiation through INPP4B. Moreover, we confirmed that IRF2‐INPP4B–mediated regulation of Th1/Th2 differentiation promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of AML cells. Collectively, IRF2‐INPP4B axis regulates autophagy and apoptosis of AML cells via regulating Th1/Th2 cell differentiation.Significance of the studyIn the present study, we confirmed that IRF2‐INPP4B–mediated regulation of Th1/Th2 balance promoted autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of AML cells. These findings might provide clues in better understanding of the mechanisms of AML.
Mitral regurgitation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation for degenerated surgical aortic bioprosthesis: Insights from PARTNER 2 Valve‐in‐Valve Registry
Authors: Murdoch Dale J. , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Hensey Mark , Alu Maria C. , Liu Yangbo , Crowley Aaron , Wood David , Cheung Anson , Ye Jian , Feldman Ted , Hahn Rebecca T , Jaber Wael A. , Mack Michael J. , Malaisrie S Chris , Leon Martin B. , Webb John G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundValve‐in‐valve (VIV) treatment with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a viable option for patients with failing aortic bioprosthetic valves. Optimal management of those with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) remains undetermined. Therefore, we sought to assess the implications of concomitant MR in patients undergoing VIV‐TAVR.Methods and ResultsThe PARTNER 2 VIV registry enrolled patients with degenerated surgical aortic bioprosthesis at high risk for reoperation. Patients with core‐laboratory echocardiographic assessment of MR were analyzed; severe MR was excluded. We compared patients with ≤mild MR versus moderate MR and assessed changes in MR severity and clinical outcomes.A total of 339 patients (89 initial registry, 250 continued access) underwent VIV procedures; mean age 79.0 ± 10.2 years, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeon score 8.9 ± 4.5%. At baseline, 228/339 (67.3%) had ≤mild MR and 111/339 (32.7%) had moderate MR. In paired analysis, there was significant improvement in ≥moderate MR from baseline to 30 days (32.6% vs. 14.5%, p < .0001 [n = 304]), and no significant change between 30 days and 1 year (13.4% vs. 12.1%, p = .56 [n = 224]) or 1 year and 2 years (11.0% vs. 10.4%, p = .81 [n = 182]). There was no difference in death or stroke between ≤mild MR and moderate MR at 30 days (4.0% vs. 7.2%, p = .20), 1 year (15.5% vs. 15.3%, p = .98) or 2 years (26.5% vs. 23.5%, p = .67).ConclusionModerate concomitant MR tends to improve with VIV‐TAVR, and was not a predictor of long‐term adverse outcomes in this cohort. In selected patients undergoing VIV‐TAVR, it may be appropriate to conservatively manage concomitant MR.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT# 03225001.
One‐Dimensional MnO2 Nanowires Space‐Confined in Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Zn2+ Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Weifang , Liu Penggao , Hao Rui , Huang Yanping , Chen Xinxin , Cai Ruizheng , Yan Jun , Liu Kaiyu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe yolk‐shell structure exhibits fascinating and important properties for energy storage devices. The carbon shell significantly improves the good electrical conductivity and the stable micro‐/nanostructures of the active material increases utilization. MnO2@C with a yolk‐shell structure shows high reversibility, good rate performance, and excellent cycling stability for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. The Zn‐ion battery with MnO2@C could realize a high reversible capacity of 239 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. In particular, at a quite high current density of 2 A g−1, it achieves capacity of 91 mAh g−1. The Zn‐ion battery has excellent capacity retention of up to 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The yolk‐shell structure plays an important role in improving the battery performance.
Enhanced Energy Storage of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Graphene
Authors: Chauque Susana , Braga Adriano H. , Gonçalves Renato V. , Rossi Liane M. , Torresi Roberto M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis and application of a material composed of Fe3O4 nanoparticles embedded in N‐doped graphene sheets (Fe3O4@N‐doped graphene) as a negative electrode for Li batteries. We study the influence of N‐doped graphene on the storage capacity of Fe3O4 using different electrochemical techniques. The as‐prepared Fe3O4 materials presented high‐quality crystalline nanostructures. The N‐doped graphene sheets improve the conductivity between the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, allowing a faster charge transfer process than that for pure magnetite, as well as the presence of porous particles in the hybrid composite. The Fe3O4@N‐doped graphene material show the best Li storage capacity maintaining specific capacity values of 910 mA h g−1 during 150 cycles performed at 0.05 A g−1 and 850 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 during the following 50 cycles. The N‐doped graphene sheets resist the volume changes that occur during cycling processes in rate capability experiments. We provide a simple and novel method to obtain a material with a higher superficial area and conductivity between particles, allowing great performance as a negative electrode for Li batteries application.
Synthesis, Structure, Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy, and Electronic Structures of the Phosphidotrielates Li3AlP2 and Li3GaP2
Authors: Restle Tassilo M. F. , Dums Jasmin V. , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe lithium phosphidoaluminate Li9AlP4 represents a promising new compound with a high lithium ion mobility. This triggered the search for new members in the family of lithium phosphidotrielates, and the novel compounds Li3AlP2 and Li3GaP2, obtained directly from the elements via ball milling and subsequent annealing, are reported here. It was unexpectedly found through band structure calculations that Li3AlP2 and Li3GaP2 are direct band gap semiconductors with band gaps of 3.1 and 2.8 eV, respectively. Rietveld analyses reveal that both compounds crystallize isotypically in the orthorhombic space group Cmce (no. 64) with lattice parameters of a=11.5138(2), b=11.7634(2) and c=5.8202(1) Å for Li3AlP2, and a=11.5839(2), b=11.7809(2) and c=5.8129(2) Å for Li3GaP2. The crystal structures feature TrP4 (Tr=Al, Ga) corner‐ and edge‐sharing tetrahedra, forming two‐dimensional
layers. The lithium atoms are located between and inside these layers. The crystal structures were confirmed by MAS‐NMR spectroscopy.
Dehydropolymerisation of Methylamine Borane and an N‐Substituted Primary Amine Borane Using a PNP Fe Catalyst
Authors: Anke Felix , Boye Susanne , Spannenberg Anke , Lederer Albena , Heller Detlef , Beweries Torsten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane (H3B⋅NMeH2) using the well‐known iron amido complex [(PNP)Fe(H)(CO)] (PNP=N(CH2CH2PiPr2)2) (1) gives poly(aminoborane)s by a chain‐growth mechanism. In toluene, rapid dehydrogenation of H3B⋅NMeH2 following first‐order behaviour as a limiting case of a more general underlying Michaelis–Menten kinetics is observed, forming aminoborane H2B=NMeH, which selectively couples to give high‐molecular‐weight poly(aminoborane)s (H2BNMeH)n and only traces of borazine (HBNMe)3 by depolymerisation after full conversion. Based on a series of comparative experiments using structurally related Fe catalysts and dimethylamine borane (H3B⋅NMe2H) polymer formation is proposed to occur by nucleophilic chain growth as reported earlier computationally and experimentally. A silyl functionalised primary borane H3B⋅N(CH2SiMe3)H2 was studied in homo‐ and co‐dehydropolymerisation reactions to give the first examples for Si containing poly(aminoborane)s.
Controlling the Depolymerization of Paraformaldehyde with Pd–Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Geitner Robert , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParaformaldehyde is an easy‐to‐handle chemical for the in situ generation of formaldehyde and is, therefore, often used in chemistry, structural biology, or medicine. We have investigated the depolymerization process of paraformaldehyde at different temperatures for the application as C1 surrogate in “CO‐free” carbonylation reactions using in situ Raman spectroscopy. Rather surprisingly, it was found that small amounts of commonly applied carbonylation catalysts slow down the depolymerization process significantly. By applying 1H, 17O, and 31P NMR spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations the inhibition process could be assigned to an electron‐withdrawing coordination behavior of the Pd complex at the chain end of the paraformaldehyde chain. This inhibition process can be controlled by the utilized phosphine ligand.
Doublet Chirality Transfer and Reversible Helical Transition in Poly(3,5‐disubstituted phenylacetylene)s with Pyrene as a Probe Unit†
Authors: Wang Sheng , Feng Xuanyu , Zhang Jie , Wan Xinhua 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA novel doublet chirality transfer (DCT) model was demonstrated in cis poly(3,5‐disubstituted phenylacetylene)s, i.e., S‐I, R‐I, and S‐I‐NMe. The chiral message from the stereocenter of alkylamide substituent at 3‐position induced the polyene backbone to take cis‐transoid helical conformation with a predominant screw sense. And in turn the helical backbone acted as a scaffold to orient the pyrene probes, which was linked to phenyl rings through 5‐position, to array in an asymmetric manner. A combinatory analyses of 1H NMR, Raman, FTIR, UV‐vis absorption, CD, and computer simulation suggested that the main‐chain stereostructure, solvent nature, and intramolecular hydrogen bonds played important and complex roles on DCT. High cis‐structure content and intramolecular hydrogen bonds were beneficial for the realization of DCT. Reversible helix‐helix transition was observed in S‐I by changing the nature of solvents. In DMF, S‐I adopted a relatively contracted helix, where the main chain exhibited strong optical activity, but that of pyrene was weak. In contrast, a relatively stretched helix formed in CHCl3, in which the optical activity of pyrene was much larger, whereas that of the polyene backbone was the weakest. This helix‐helix transition was attributed to the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which was confirmed by solution‐state FTIR spectra and computer calculations.
Asymmetric Disulfanylbenzamides as Irreversible and Selective Inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A
Authors: Barthels Fabian , Marincola Gabriella , Marciniak Tessa , Konhäuser Matthias , Hammerschmidt Stefan , Bierlmeier Jan , Distler Ute , Wich Peter R. , Tenzer Stefan , Schwarzer Dirk , Ziebuhr Wilma , Schirmeister Tanja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most frequent causes of nosocomial and community‐acquired infections, with drug‐resistant strains being responsible for tens of thousands of deaths per year. S. aureus sortase A inhibitors are designed to interfere with virulence determinants. We have identified disulfanylbenzamides as a new class of potent inhibitors against sortase A that act by covalent modification of the active‐site cysteine. A broad series of derivatives were synthesized to derive structure‐activity relationships (SAR). In vitro and in silico methods allowed the experimentally observed binding affinities and selectivities to be rationalized. The most active compounds were found to have single‐digit micromolar Ki values and caused up to a 66 % reduction of S. aureus fibrinogen attachment at an effective inhibitor concentration of 10 μM. This new molecule class exhibited minimal cytotoxicity, low bacterial growth inhibition and impaired sortase‐mediated adherence of S. aureus cells.
Regioselective C−H Functionalization of Naphthalenes: Reactivity and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Prévost Sébastien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNaphthalene is a very important skeleton in chemistry as evidenced by the large number of active compounds that contain it. For this reason, methods that can achieve easy functionalization of naphthalene derivatives are of great importance. This Minireview summarizes reactions that allow regioselective functionalization of 1‐substituted naphthalenes based on directed C−H activation strategies. Indeed, over the past ten years, many research groups have tried to develop new methodologies to directly introduce different functional groups on every position of naphthalene. In addition to the possible reactions reported in the literature, special attention has been paid to mechanistic aspects in order to explain the observed regioselectivities.
Rapid Depolymerization of Decrystallized Cellulose to Soluble Products via Ethanolysis under Mild Conditions
Authors: Tyufekchiev Maksim , Ralph Katherine , Duan Pu , Yuan Shichen , Schmidt‐Rohr Klaus , Timko Michael T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEfficient cellulose depolymerization is a major bottleneck for economical production of second‐generation biofuels. In this work, crystalline cellulose was subjected to sequential ball milling and ethanolysis as a mild and selective depolymerization approach. Ball milling and ethanolysis resulted in 38±1 % cellulose conversion, with 24 % ethyl‐glucopyranoside as the main identified and quantified product and negligible side reaction of the ethanol solvent to form diethyl ether. In comparison, ethanolysis of the original cellulose resulted in only 3±1 % conversion. Additional soluble products from cellulose ethanolysis included carbohydrate isomers and oligomers, differing from the products obtained from hydrolysis. X‐ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed increased crystallinity post‐reaction, retarding further depolymerization. Hot liquid water extracted soluble oligomers from the ethanolyzed cellulose, suggesting formation of a nanoscale barrier of crystalline cellulose that traps soluble products during ethanolysis. Use of cellulose‐swelling co‐solvents and repeated mechanical decrystallization both proved effective at increasing cellulose conversion and soluble product yields. Repeated ball milling and ethanolysis resulted in 62±1 % cellulose conversion. Ethanolysis of decrystallized cellulose has potential for rapid (<2 h) de‐polymerization at mild conditions.
Incorporating Diamondoids as Electrolyte Additive in the Sodium Metal Anode to Mitigate Dendrite Growth
Authors: Kreissl Julian J. A. , Langsdorf Daniel , Tkachenko Boryslav A. , Schreiner Peter R. , Janek Jürgen , Schröder Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOwing to the high abundance and gravimetric capacity (1165.78 mAh g−1) of pure sodium, it is considered as a promising candidate for the anode of next‐generation batteries. However, one major challenge needs to be solved before commercializing the sodium metal anode: The growth of dendrites during metal plating. One possibility to address this challenge is to use additives in the electrolyte to form a protective solid electrolyte interphase on the anode surface. In this work, we introduce a diamondoid‐based additive, which is incorporated into the anode to target this problem. Combining operando and ex situ experiments (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, optical characterization, and cycling experiments), we show that molecular diamondoids are incorporated into the anode during cycling and successfully mitigate the growth of dendrites. Furthermore, we demonstrate the positive effect of the additive on the operation of sodium‐oxygen batteries by means of increased energy density.
Aminomethyl‐Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as a Host of Small Sulfur Clusters for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Fen , Tao Jiayou , Zou Zhijun , Li Chang , Hou Zhaohui , Zhao Jijun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHere we propose an effective strategy to stabilize small sulfur species by using aminomethyl‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (AM‐CNT) without impairing the conductive channel of the carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode. The linear Sn clusters can be anchored strongly to the AM‐CNT for the favorable size of n=5 and the maximum size of n=6 in the production of the cathode, which depresses the mass loss of active sulfur effectively and eliminates the formation of high‐order polysulfides completely during the discharge process. The most stable 3 D cross‐linked Inter‐S5‐AM‐CNT network shows a fast electron transfer redox reaction through the CNT skeleton that possesses a theoretical capacity of 1337 mA h g−1 (based on sulfur) or 592 mA h g−1 (based on the cathode). The discharge products of the linear S5 cluster tend to form a hyperbranched tight structure through N⋅⋅⋅S⋅⋅⋅Li bridges that are fully impregnated in the AM‐CNT bundles, and thus stabilize the entire system. Importantly, this study provides vital guidance into how to design cathodes based on small sulfur clusters for Li‐S batteries to depress the shuttle effect intrinsically during charge–discharge cycles, which can be extended to the other small‐sulfur‐cluster‐based batteries.
Scrape‐off layer width set by non‐linear streamer flows in drift wave turbulence
Authors: Kosuga Y. , Kin F. , Sasaki M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we discuss the physics behind the excitation of non‐linear streamer flows in drift wave turbulence and how to selectively excite these flows. Streamer flows are modelled as a non‐linear, radially elongated convective cell in drift wave turbulence. It is shown that density modulation is key for exciting streamer flows. We show that streamer flows have a finite frequency, albeit smaller than that of drift waves. Streamers propagate in the ion direction. These theoretical predictions are compared against experimental data, which shows reasonable agreement. Finally, the scrape‐off layer width set by streamer flows is calculated, and a scaling law against macroscopic plasma parameters is obtained.
Enhancing and neutralizing anti‐coxsackievirus activities in serum samples from patients prior to development of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sane Famara , Bertin Antoine , Sioofy‐Khojine Amir‐Babak , Oikarinen Sami , Alidjinou Enagnon K. , Veijola Riitta , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael , Engelmann Ilka , Hyöty Heikki , Hober Didier 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies in prospective cohorts have suggested that enterovirus infections are associated with the appearance of islet autoantibodies that precede later appearance of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It was shown that in addition to an antibody‐mediated anti‐coxsackievirus (CV)‐B neutralizing activity of serum from patients with T1D, there was also enhancing anti‐CV‐B activity in vitro. In this study, the patterns of enhancing and neutralizing anti‐CV activities were analysed from consecutive serum samples collected from children who were followed from birth until they developed T1D in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study and compared to those in non‐diabetic control children.MethodsThe titres of serum neutralizing activity were analysed against those CVs which were detected in the stools in these children (CV‐B3, CV‐B5 or CV‐A4) using plaque assay. The enhancing activity of these serum samples was analysed by measuring interferon‐alpha (INF‐α) production in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) inoculated with a mixture of these viruses and diluted serum.ResultsA sustained anti‐CV enhancing activity was observed in consecutive serum samples in patients with T1D. The pattern of responses differed between children who developed T1D and control children. In patients, the anti‐CV enhancing activity was predominant or even exclusive over the neutralizing activity, whereas in controls the enhancing and neutralising activities were more balanced or the neutralizing activity was largely predominant.ConclusionsEvaluating the anti‐enterovirus neutralizing and enhancing activity of serum samples can be useful to investigate further the relationship between enteroviruses and the development of T1D.