bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mammography and Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Breast Masses
Authors: Nahar Zebun , Kabir Md Enamul , Alam Taharul , Yasmin Shamoli , Naowar Maisha 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Early detection, efficient and accurate diagnosis can reduce the mortality rate.
Objectives: To compare the screening accuracy of mammography (MMG) and ultrasonography (USG) in suspected cases of breast masses.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from June 2016 to July 2017. A total of 100 clinically suspected case of breast masses aged from 20 to 75 years referred for MMG and USG was selected. Each patient underwent USG and MMG followed by a histopathological examination of the biopsy material taken from the lump lesion. Two cases histopathological report was not found. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of USG and MMG were compared with histopathology as the gold standard. In order to determine the agreement of diagnoses between USG and MMG, consistency analysis was performed using Kappa-statistics.
Results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of USG was 58.8%, 98.4%, 77.8%, 85.0% and 83.6% and for MMG 92.0%, 84.5%, 67.6%, 96.8% and 84.7% respectively. Kappa-statistics shows that the two diagnostic modalities had a test agreement in 39.8% cases to differentiate malignant breast tumour from the benign one (k-value = 0.398, p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Two diagnostic modalities USG and MMG had a fair agreement in the differentiation of malignant breast tumour from the benign.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 22-24
Comparative Study between Laparoscopic Assisted and Traditional Vaginal Hysterectomy
Authors: Chowdhury Liza 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The choice of hysterectomy approach depends on the reason for hysterectomy, the overall health of the patient and surgeon’s experience. The choice of technique dictates hospital stay and healing time.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and outcome of Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) and traditional Vaginal Hysterectomy (VH).
Materials and Method: A total of 100 patients were purposively selected for this prospective comparative study during the period of January 2011 to January 2013 in CMH, Dhaka and Hitech Multicare Hospital. Non-malignant patients undergoing LAVH and VH by the same surgeon were included in this study. Clinical variables such as operative time, operative cost, blood loss, quantity of analgesics used and hospital stay were observed in both cases for comparison. Several other variables were also observed as postoperative complications such as amount of haemoglobin decrease, rise of temperature, urinary tract infection, vault granuloma in both the cases.
Results: There was no significant difference in terms of age, parity, body weight, uterine weight. The mean estimated blood loss in VH (100±32.8 ml) was significantly lower compared to LAVH (126.5±39.8 ml) group. Comparing the relief of post-operative pain, less analgesic was required, rapid patient recovery, and hospital stay time was less in LAVH group than VH group.
Conclusion: LAVH is clinically beneficial in terms of less post-operative pain and less quantity of analgesia used, rapid patients’ recovery and shorter hospital stay than VH. It is useful for patients who prefer laparoscopy for cosmetic purpose.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 29-31
Differentiation of Beta Thalassemia Trait and Iron Deficiency Anaemia by Red Cell Indices
Authors: Md Nurunnabi - , Mamdu Mosammath Khadiza , Rahman Mohammad Maksudur , Zafreen Farzana , Wahab Md Abdul 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Beta thalassaemia trait (β-TT) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) are the most frequent causes of hypochromic microcytic anaemia in Bangladesh. Differentiation between βTT and IDA is important for proper treatment of patients. Red blood cell (RBC) indices obtained from automated cell counter can be used to differentiate between two.
Objective: To compare among three RBC indices; red cell distribution width (RDW), red cell distribution width index (RDWI) and Mentzer’s index to differentiate between βTT and IDA.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 50 diagnosed cases of β-TT and 50 cases of IDA at the department of pathology, BNS Patenga, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2017. Patients with Hb <6.0 gm/dl was excluded because below this level IDA and β-TT morphologically become very much distinguishable. RDW, RDWI and Mentzer’s index were calculated from the automated cell counter. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated to compare diagnostic value of the indices.
Results: Mentzer’s index was found the most reliable index as it had the highest sensitivity 95.1% and specificity 84.8% for detecting IDA. RDWI showed much lower sensitivity 91.2% and specificity 66.2% while RDW showed sensitivity and specificity of 83.2% and 61.1% respectively.
Conclusion: Mentzer’s index is a reliable and useful index for differentiation between IDA and β-TT compared to other two indices.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 39-41
Outcome of Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rahman Md Wali Ur , Iqbal Syed Asif , Sultana Syeda Aleya , Malek Md Abdul , Alam Abu Yusuf Md Shahidul , Rabbani Safia Binte 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The main purpose of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction is early and complete reperfusion. Incomplete or delayed thrombolysis is associated with an increased risk of death and left ventricular dysfunction. The time to reperfusion and complete reperfusion remain the key determinants for appropriate outcome of cardiovascular events.
Objective: To find out the effect of thrombolytic therapy and its outcome in relation with timing of thrombolysis and associated risk factors in ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional interventional study was carried out in combined military hospital, Dhaka from July 2017 to May 2018. Total 85 patients of acute STEMI having specified criteria were selected and treated with Streptokinase at a dose of 1.5 million units diluted in 100 mL normal saline. Twelve-lead ECG was recorded immediately before the start of thrombolytic therapy and 180 min afterwards.
Results: Among 85 STEMI patients 65 were male and the age range was 40-80 years. Sixty nine patients (81.2%) underwent thrombolysis within 12 hours of onset of chest pain among them complete resolution of ST segment occurs in 45(65.2%) patients while 16 patients (18.8%) received thrombolysis after 12 hours among them complete resolution occurs only in 7(43.8%) patients. Fully reperfused patients have no complications. Patients having diabetes mellitus, presented with atypical chest pain and received thrombolytic therapy after 12 hours had various types of complication.
Conclusion: STEMI patients received thrombolysis therapy within 12 hours of onset of chest pain responded well to thrombolytic therapy.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 42-44
Awareness and Practices of Personal Hygiene among Selected Rural School Children
Authors: Rahman Md Masudur , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Zafreen Farzana , Ahsan Md Shamim , Uddin Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries.
Objective: To assess the status of awareness and practice about personal hygiene among the rural school children.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from March 2015 to June 2015 among children of class IX and X of a high school of Hemayetpur union of Savar area under Dhaka district. A total of 109 children were selected through purposive sampling and data were collected through face to face interview with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: Students’ mean age was 14.65 ± 1. 93 years and 53.21% was boy. Majority (57.80%) of the respondents’ parents’ monthly income was below 5000 taka and 42.20% were living in kacha house. Maximum 98.2% respondents had good knowledge that washing hand before meal and after defecation prevent transmission of disease and 62.21% had good hygiene practice habit. The association of type of residence with hand washing habit and wearing shoes in toilet was significant (P< 0.05). Significant (p < 0.01) association was also found among monthly family income and parent's education status with daily bathing practice.
Conclusion: Almost all the students had agreed that washing hand before meal and after defaecation prevents the spread of diseases. Proper knowledge and practice on personal hygiene keep them away from many diseases. So, effort should be made to aware every school going children about the benefits of regular practice of personal hygiene for a bright and healthy life.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 45-48
Histomorphological Evaluation of Colonoscopic Mucosal Biopsy with Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Karim Md Iqbal , Nachev Rosen , Fuklev Nikolay , Wahab Md Abdul 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Colonoscopic biopsy is important in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected colonic diseases as it is a diagnostic procedure of choice for patients with gastrointestinal disorders lasting for several weeks to months. Histomorphological evaluation of colonic biopsy is important for specific diagnosis, for determining the extent of the disease and its response to therapy and for detecting complications.
Objective: To evaluate colorectal mucosal lesion by histopathological examination and to confirm the diagnosis of different gastrointestinal diseases including malignancies.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 colonoscopic biopsies with different gastrointestinal disorders from January 2014 to December 2016 in the Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait.
Results: About 75.2% of cases were male with average age was 45 years with ranging 10-80 years. Out of 330 biopsies specific diagnosis was made in 63% cases and among the specific diagnosis, tubular adenoma was the commonest (21.22%) followed by inflammatory bowel diseases 13.94% cases. Total malignant cases were 7.60% and majority of them in the age group of 41-60 years.
Conclusion: The importance of colonoscopic biopsies lies especially in some chronic diarrhoea, alteration of bowel habit and per rectal bleeding. Moreover with the early histopathological diagnosis by detecting the precancerous lesion, like Ulcerative colitis, adenomatous polyp, patient can get rid of developing cancer and thereby saved life.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.13(2) 2017: 54-58
Télécommunications et organisation spatiale des activités : une problématique économique
Authors: Rallet Alain 
Published: February 2020

Comme les géographes, les économistes, du moins leur espèce régionale, s'intéressent aux effets des nouvelles technologies de télécommunications sur la localisation des activités. Avec cette grande question : peut-on penser que ces nouvelles technologies puissent rendre l'espace plus égalitaire qu'il n'est ?
L'objet de la communication est d'examiner la ou les problématiques selon lesquelles les économistes entendent traiter la question. On dressera une recension des différentes problématiques, au demeurant peu nombreuses, pour se demander s'il ne convient pas au fond de modifier la question initiale et de s'interroger plutôt sur la dynamique économique d'ensemble susceptible d'être impulsée par la plus grande liberté d'habiter l'espace que permettent ces nouvelles technologies.
L'évolution du réseau téléphonique des régions françaises
Authors: Tsang King Sang Jessy 
Published: February 2020

Le réseau téléphonique est dorénavant perçu comme étant une infrastructure nécessaire et primordiale. Son absence dans une région peut contribuer à l'enclavement économique de celle-ci. Inversement, sa présence sous forme d'un réseau suffisamment maillé et équilibré, sans constituer à elle seule un élément déterminant, peut efficacement accompagner l'implantation de nouvelles activités dans des régions jusque-là isolées.
Cet article se propose d'étudier l'évolution du réseau téléphonique des régions françaises. Dans une première partie, l'analyse effectuée permet d'aborder les disparités, en matières de dotation en lignes téléphoniques des régions françaises en 1984. La deuxième partie, consacrée à une analyse plus prospective à l'horizon 1990 permet de visualiser l'accentuation ou l'atténuation de ces disparités au cours des prochaines années.
The role of information technology in the planning and development of Singapore
Authors: Corey Kenneth E. 
Published: February 2020

There is much to learn from development cases in the Pacific basin. This paper examines Singapore's information technology strategy. It is offered as documentation on hew one metropolis has been planning itself for, and into the information age.
The method used in the paper is to draw cn documents, words and plans -from the Singapore government, to tell the story of this contemporary development case. These extracts are supplemented by reference to the relevant literature. The principal operational details of Singapore's information technology planning and implementation are offered so as to be suggestive of potential adaptation elsewhere.
The role of the state is fundamental to Singapore's development. The People's Action Party, under the leadership of Prime Minister lee Kuan Yew, long has practiced activist intervention and flexible planning in pursuing the goal of attaining an high quality of life for Singaporeans.
By these means, in just over twenty years, Singaporeans have been able to plan and implement themselves fran a preindustrial economy and society to one that is importantly industrial and to one that also is importantly "post industrial" or information driven.
Having realized an economy, the predominant occupations of which are information related and white collar, the Singapore government in 1985 initiated a national information technology plan that is designed to position Singapore as the information technology center of excellence in the 1990s. Such a plan is possible because of the prior development of a base of widespread computer services, telecannunicaticns, and office systems. Each element of Singapore's information technology plan is analyzed in the paper.
Policy makers, planners and researchers interested in understanding and ' drawing on other's prior information technology planning experience may' benefit fran the lessons derived frcm this Singapore policy analysis.
Hew might these learnings in planning technology transfer and be tailored to other places ? This is the principal question for the readers of this paper.
Spatial diffusion of teleshopping. Empirical Studies in the Netherlands
Authors: De Smidt Marc 
Published: February 2020

Teleshopping is not the most popular electronic service to be provided. Previous experience with mailordering could be facilitate the introduction of teleshopping, although the demographic and socio-economic profile of teleshoppers deviate from the mean average mailordering consumer in sofar that they are younger and have a higher income level. Empirical evidence show that people facing time and/or mobility constraints are most likely to become daily consumer goods teleshoppers. Apart from the expected double wage earners with tight time schedules, also elderly detached people are engaged into teleshopping, the latter for reasons of lack of mobility opportunities.
For regional planning teleshopping could provide peripheral rural areas with department store goods, "public-access" systems being more adequate than "home-access" systems asking for videotex experiments that will not have a required threshold. This will depend also on the strategy used to introduce videotexsystems under suboptimal free market conditions. A nationwide introduction of a minitel (top-down approach) could outweight this disadvantage, regional videotexsystems will not be successful unless a national network is provided by combining all regional efforts (a bottom-up approach).
Mondialisation logistique et circulation de l’information. Le cas de l’industrie cimentière et du Groupe LAFARGE COPPEE
Authors: Duong Philippe 
Published: February 2020

Highly capitalistic and inflexible industry, producing heavy goods involving localization
close to raw material springs and consumption centres, cement industry is essentially a local Industry. However, even for a marginal volume, the world cement trade plays a regulating part in selling the surplus and absorbing the local deficits. This reality involves a new logistic organization in which the intematinal flows are more and more part of the national flows. With the LAFARGE COPPEE Group’s exemple, the study shows how the new combination of new equipments adjusted to exportation, the water planted cement stories, and new shipping organization, allows the world cement leaders to control the market This sophisticated management of cement flows requires as a result a more efficient management of information flows in wider spaces. This justifies a more frequent use of telecommunication systems specially via satellite.
Enjeux sociaux, techniques et spatiaux des communications : éléments pour une recherche appliquée
Authors: Bakis Henry 
Published: February 2020

L’auteur plaide ici pour une nouvelle forme d’approche des implications et enjeux sociaux chez les opérateurs de réseaux techniques. Il s’agit d’éviter deux écueils : d’une part, le dérapage vers des préoccupations étrangères aux besoins directs des opérateurs (une recherche théorique, voire fondamentale), d’autre part une recherche trop directement au service des besoins des laboratoires (devenant un simple appendice de la recherche technique et perdant ses meilleures potentialités pour l’opérateur).
Ce texte écrit par le seul chercheur du CNET impliqué dans ce type d’études sans interruption depuis 1978, livre quelques réflexions sur la situation paradoxale de l’analyse des enjeux sociaux et spatiaux : positions relativement marginalisées, alors même qu’elles deviennent stratégiques pour les grands opérateurs.
Ces considérations fournies par l’expérience en matière de télécommunications peuvent servir de base de réflexion utile au Comité de l’IREPP "La Poste, objet et sujet de recherches", mais aussi plus généralement à d’autres grandes entreprises gestionnaires de réseaux techniques.
The Making of a High Technology Node ; Foreign Owned Companies in Israeli Industry
Authors: Felsenstein Daniel 
Published: February 2020

This paper conceptualizes the role of Israel's high technology sector as that of a node in a global production network. In such a system, the role of the individual node and its' centrality is measured by the volume of its' interactivity with other nodes. Each node can characterized by the intensity of the incoming and outgoing flows of information, investments and so on, that pass through it. Foreign investment is one indicator of the centrality of a node. In this node/network structure, much of the classic rationale for investing abroad (incentives, cheap inputs and even market penetration), is of limited validity.
This paper attempts to empirically measure this node function. This is done at two spatial levels. At the global level, a case study of US semiconductor direct investment in Israel is presented. This looks at the local and non-local linkages in the production of leading-edge IC products in the mid 1980's. At the national level, a firm level analysis is presented of the locational behavior of foreign-owned companies in Israeli industry and its1 determinants. Using a unique data base - the Dun and Bradstreet file on foreign-owned firms in Israel - the spatial behavior of these firms is modeled. The results seems to indicate the importance of 'node-type' factors such as the centrality of small firms in R&D activity and labor force stability, rather than the standard determinants such as incentives, labor costs and infrastructure.
La logistique comme interface entre les dynamiques industrielles et spatiales. Une analyse des transformations organisationnelles en cours
Authors: Cabaret Katy 
Published: February 2020

Partant de la nécessité d'adopter une approche multidimensionnelle dans l 'analyse du transport comme facteur de développement industriel, nous tentons de caractériser les interactions entre les modes d'organisation, le transport et l'espace en fonction des spécificités des activités. Dans le cadre de la théorie de la régulation, nous supposons que l'émergence du mode d'organisation flexible modifie les modes d'organisation traditionnelle et Fordiste mais ne les fait pas disparaître. Il apparaît par conséquent une articulation entre ces différents modes. Nous supposons alors que des secteurs s ’appuient principalement sur un mode particulier. Ainsi nous rattachons la métallurgie au mode d'organisation traditionnelle, l'automobile au fordisme et l’informatique au post-fordisme. Pour comprendre la logique entre le système de transport et le système économique, le concept multidimensionnel de flexibilité, c'est à dire la flexibilité statique et dynamique est utilisé. L’objectif consiste alors à différencier le rapport entre la logistique et les deux formes de flexibilité. L'espace est enfin introduit dans l’analyse grâce à l'étude des interactions entre trois dimensions de la proximité : spatiale, organisationnelle et circulatoire.
L’illustration de ces hypothèses et résultats se fait grâce à l’association d’une entreprise à chacun des trois types d'activités retenus auparavant. Empiriquement, il s’agit de répondre à trois questions : Comment les principes de flexibilité s'appliquent-ils au niveau de ces trois entreprises ? Quelle est la logistique mise en place ? Comment s'expriment dans l'espace les interactions entre les differentes formes de proximité au sein de chacune de ces entreprises ? Les trois entreprises retenues sont SOLLAC pour la métallurgie, SEVELNORD, pour l'automobile, et IBM pour l'informatique. Pour chacune d'entre elles, une vision temporelle est privilégiée pour mettre en évidence l'évolution du contexte socio-économique, des infrastructures de transport, de l’organisation de la production et de l'organisation spatiale.