bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial Reproduction of Zebrafish Dania rerio under Controlled Laboratory Condition
Authors: Dede Kemal , Yalniz Şehriban Çek 
Published: November 2019

The objective of this study was to describe a standard universally accepted artificial culture protocol for zebrafish. Also, developmental stages of embryogenesis were also described. Because Zebrafish are considered as a model organism and are widely used in biomedical research to study human genes and human diseases. Despite this, the artificial reproduction of zebrafish is poorly described, and there is not any standard universally accepted artificial culture protocol. To satisfy the scientist working in the biomedical area, a standard culture method of zebrafish under controlled laboratory conditions must be developed.
The present study was conducted at the Aquaria Research unit of Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty of Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun Turkey, from March 2018 to October 2018.
Spawn traps and gravels are not used for spawning of broodstock. Female and male broodstock were selected from our previously cultured stock, based on their swollen abdomens. Mean body lengths for female and male were 3.34±0.40, 2.97±0.3 cm and the mean weights were 0.38±0.14, 0.25±0.27 g, respectively. First eggs were squeezed from the ovaries then milt was taken from the testes onto the eggs. Fertilisation was done artificially by the dry method. The eggs hatch within 4-5 days at 28±1°C. The mean diameter of eggs and fecundity were measured using a micrometre attached to a microscope. During the experimental studies, the water quality parameters were also maintained at optimum.
In the present study, temperature and pH were maintained at 28±1°C, and 7.28 respectively and which were the best for reproduction of zebrafish. Fecundity differed widely between individuals, and the number of eggs ranged from 7 to 110. The average diameter of the eggs ranged from 405± 0,001 to 570 ± 0,001 µm. Mainly seven developmental stages of embryogenesis were described; the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching stages.
The results of the present study suggest that with the right artificial culture conditions and proper manual stripping, the required number of eggs and embryos for biomedical research can be easily obtained.
Evaluation of Bexar County community pharmacist attitudes toward harm reduction
Authors: Shedd Mikali , Bozhkova Anna , Kalich Bethany A. , Wilkening G. Lucy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Harm reduction is a term for strategies that minimize the negative outcomes of drug use. Given the progressing opioid epidemic, identifying barriers to harm reduction dispensing in community pharmacies is essential.

Methods
This online, survey-based study assessed community pharmacist attitudes toward harm reduction and perceived dispense rates of both naloxone and needles/syringes to patients without verifiable injectable prescriptions. The online survey was distributed to members of the Bexar County Pharmacist Association and university alumni. The survey collected demographics, perceived dispense rates of naloxone, needles and syringes, availability of pharmacy protocols for dispensing these products, and Likert-scaled attitudinal questions. Responses were collected for 6 weeks.

Results
Thirty-two survey responses were analyzed. Participants were generally white (n = 14) or Hispanic/Latino (n = 14), had a median age of 37 years (interquartile range, 32-49 years), and had a median graduation year of 2011 (interquartile range, 1988-2016). Most pharmacists agreed or strongly agreed they should be involved in harm reduction (n = 26) and that pharmacies are an appropriate place to access these resources (n = 26). However, most reported never or rarely dispensing both naloxone (n = 19) and needles and syringes (n = 22). Naloxone or needle and syringe protocol use was reported by 66% (n = 21) and 47% (n = 15) of pharmacists, respectively. Pharmacy protocols significantly enhanced the likelihood of naloxone dispensing (P = .007) but not needle and syringe dispensing (P = .24).

Conclusion
Community pharmacists exhibited positive attitudes toward harm reduction but reported low rates of dispensing both naloxone and needles and syringes. Pharmacy protocols could be enhanced to better support community pharmacists in this area.
Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on the Risk of Newly Diagnosed Hip Fracture: A General Population‐Based Study
Authors: Li Lingyi , Xie Hui , Lu Na , Esdaile John M. , Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveHip fractures have serious consequences, including a 1‐year mortality rate of 30%. Population‐based studies on hip fractures in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are scarce. Our objective was to assess the independent risk of hip fractures in patients with newly diagnosed SLE compared to the general population, accounting for baseline and time‐varying confounders.MethodsA cohort of all patients with incident SLE who received health care between January 1, 1997 and March 31, 2015 was assembled. The primary outcome was the occurrence of the first hip fracture since the study entry date. Individuals without SLE were randomly selected from the general population and matched (5:1) to those with SLE based on age, sex, and index year. Cumulative incidence was calculated after accounting for competing risks of death. Marginal structural Cox models were used to estimate the impact of SLE on hip fractures, adjusting for baseline and time‐dependent covariates (i.e., glucocorticoid use and the number of outpatient, inpatient, and rheumatologist visits).ResultsAmong 5,047 individuals with incident SLE and 25,235 individuals without SLE (86% female, mean age 40 years), we found 73 and 272 hip fractures during 78,915 and 395,427 person‐years, respectively. The crude incidence rate ratio was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02–1.75). After adjusting for baseline covariates, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.86 (95% CI 1.37–2.52). After further adjustment for time‐dependent covariates, the HR remained significant at 1.62 (95% CI 1.06–2.48).ConclusionPatients with newly diagnosed SLE have a 62% increased risk of hip fractures compared to individuals without SLE. For patients with SLE, this result has important implications for prevention of osteoporosis, which may lead to hip fractures.
Treatment Satisfaction With and Adherence to Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Adult Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tollisen Anita , Flatø Berit , Selvaag Anne M. , Aasland Astrid , Ingebrigtsen Trude , Sagen Joachim , Lerdal Anners 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine medication satisfaction and adherence and their relationships to disease variables and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsPatients (n = 96, mean age 25 years, 67% female) completed questionnaires about their health status 19 years after disease onset. Patients receiving biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or methotrexate (MTX) were assessed with the 8‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS‐8) and the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM), including dimensions of effectiveness, side effects, convenience, and global satisfaction.ResultsDMARDs were received by 52 patients (54%) (mean age 25 years, 75% female), of which 28 received MTX and 37 received bDMARDs. Patients receiving combination therapy of MTX and bDMARDs (n = 15) reported higher satisfaction with bDMARDs than MTX in the dimensions of side effects and global satisfaction (mean ± SD 92.9 ± 15.5 versus 56.2 ± 30.9, and mean ± SD 67.6 ± 19.8 versus 47.1 ± 21.7; P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). Patients receiving either bDMARDs (n = 22) or MTX (n = 13) reported higher satisfaction with bDMARDs than MTX for the dimensions of effectiveness and global satisfaction (mean ± SD 78.7 ± 15.4 versus 60.2 ± 19.9, and mean ± SD 73.6 ± 17.7 versus 52.3 ± 23.9; P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively). Nearly one‐half of patients (46%) reported low adherence (MMAS‐8 score <6) and 25% high adherence (MMAS‐8 score = 8). Higher levels of pain, psychological distress, more active joints, and current MTX use were the strongest correlates of lower medication satisfaction. Perceived medication effectiveness and global satisfaction correlated positively with physical and mental HRQoL.ConclusionPatients with JIA were more satisfied with bDMARDs than MTX, and 46% reported low adherence. Higher medication satisfaction was associated with better HRQoL.
Changes to the ACGME Common Program Requirements and Their Potential Impact on Emergency Medicine Core Faculty Protected Time
Authors: Greenberger Sarah M. , Finnell John T. , Chang Bernard P. , Garg Nidhi , Quinn Shawn M. , Bird Steven , Diercks Deborah B. , Doty Christopher I. , Gallahue Fiona E. , Moreira Maria E. , Ranney Megan L. , Rives Loren , Kessler Chad S. , Lo Bruce , Schmitz Gillian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), which regulates residency and fellowship training in the United States, recently revised the minimum standards for all training programs. These standards are codified and published as the Common Program Requirements. Recent specific revisions, particularly removing the requirement ensuring protected time for core faculty, are poised to have a substantial impact on emergency medicine training programs. A group of representatives and relevant stakeholders from national emergency medicine (EM) organizations was convened to assess the potential effects of these changes on core faculty and the training of emergency physicians. We reviewed the literature and results of surveys conducted by EM organizations to examine the role of core faculty protected time. Faculty nonclinical activities contribute greatly to the academic missions of EM training programs. Protected time and reduced clinical hours allow core faculty to engage in education and research, which are two of the three core pillars of academic EM. Loss of core faculty protected time is expected to have detrimental impacts on training programs and on EM generally. We provide consensus recommendations regarding EM core faculty clinical work hour limitations to maintain protected time for educational activities and scholarship and preserve the quality of academic EM.
Stress Testing the Resuscitation Room: Latent Threats to Patient Safety Identified During Interprofessional In Situ Simulation in a Canadian Academic Emergency Department
Authors: Mastoras George , Poulin Cari , Norman Larry , Weitzman Brian , Pozgay Anita , Frank Jason R. , Posner Glenn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) resuscitation is a complex, high‐stakes procedure where positive outcomes depend on effective interactions between the health care team, the patient, and the environment. Resuscitation teams work in dynamic environments and strive to ensure the timely delivery of necessary treatments, equipment, and skill sets when required. However, systemic failures in this environment cannot always be adequately anticipated, which exposes patients to opportunities for harm. MethodsAs part of a new interprofessional education and quality improvement initiative, this prospective, observational study sought to characterize latent safety threats (LSTs) identified during the delivery of in situ, simulated resuscitations in our ED. In situ simulation (ISS) sessions were delivered on a monthly basis in the EDs at each campus of a large tertiary care academic hospital system, during which a variety of scenarios were run with teams of ED health care professionals. LSTs were identified by simulation facilitators and participants during the case and debriefing and then grouped thematically for analysis. ResultsDuring the study period, 22 ISS sessions were delivered, involving 58 cases and reaching 383 ED health care professionals. 196 latent safety threats were identified through these sessions (mean = 3.4 LSTs per case) of which 110 were determined to be “actionable” at a system level. LSTs identified included system/environmental design flaws, equipment problems, failures in department processes, and knowledge/skill gaps. Corrective mechanisms were initiated in 85% of actionable cases.ConclusionsEffective quality improvement and continuing education programs are essential to translate these findings into more resilient patient care. ISS, beyond its role as a training tool for developing intrinsic and crisis resource management skills, can be effectively used to identify system issues in the ED that could expose critically ill patients to harm.
Extensive interlineage hybridization in the predominantly clonal Hydrilla verticillata
Authors: Benoit Lori K. , Les Donald H. , King Ursula M. , Na Hye Ryun , Chen Lei , Tippery Nicholas P. 
Published: November 2019

PremiseThe submersed aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata (“hydrilla”) is important ecologically and economically due to its aggressive growth in both indigenous and nonindigenous regions. Substantial morphological variation has been documented in hydrilla, including the existence of monoecious and dioecious “biotypes.” Whereas plastid sequence data have been used previously to explore intraspecific diversity, nuclear data have yet to be analyzed in a phylogenetic context. Molecular and morphological analyses were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of native and introduced populations.MethodsNuclear (internal transcribed spacer—ITS; phytoene desaturase—PDS) and plastid (trnL‐F) sequence data were evaluated phylogenetically using likelihood and Bayesian methods. Leaf morphologies were compared among clades that were identified in phylogenetic analyses.ResultsData from both ITS and PDS show multiple instances of polymorphic sequences that could be traced to two or more lineages, including both invasive biotypes in the Americas. Leaf morphological data support the distinctness of lineages and provide a metric for distinguishing monoecious and dioecious biotypes in the United States.ConclusionsNuclear molecular data indicate far greater genetic diversity than could be estimated using plastid markers. Substantially divergent copies of nuclear genes, found in multiple populations worldwide, likely result from interlineage hybridization. Invasive monoecious and dioecious hydrilla biotypes in the Americas are genetically distinct, with both biotypes resulting from admixture among Eurasian progenitors. Genetic similarity to populations in India and South Korea, respectively, implicates these as likely origins for the dioecious and monoecious biotypes.
Fire damage to cambium affects localized xylem anatomy and hydraulics: the case of Nothofagus pumilio in Patagonia
Authors: Mundo Ignacio A. , González Carina V. , Stoffel Markus , Ballesteros‐Cánovas Juan A. , Villalba Ricardo 
Published: November 2019

PremiseFire scars on trees are created by excessive heat from a fire that kills the vascular cambium. Although, fires are one of the most important forest disturbances in Patagonia, the effects of fire on tree physiology and wood anatomy are still unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that abnormal functioning of the cambium after a fire will induce anatomical changes in the wood. We also assumed that these anatomical changes would affect xylem safety transport.MethodsWe quantified wood anatomical traits in Nothofagus pumilio, the dominant subalpine tree species of Patagonia, using two approaches: time and distance. In the first, anatomical changes in tree rings were compared before, during, and after fire occurrence. In the second, the spatial extent of these changes was evaluated with respect to the wound by measuring anatomical traits in sampling bands in two directions (0° and 45°) with respect to the onset of healing.ResultsReductions in lumen diameter and vessel number were the most conspicuous changes associated with fire damage and observed in the fire ring and subsequent post‐fire rings. In addition, the fire ring had more rays than in control rings. In terms of distance, anatomical changes were only restricted to short distances from the wound.ConclusionsPost‐fire changes in wood anatomical traits were confined close to the wound margins. These changes might be associated with a defense strategy related to the compartmentalization of the wound and safety of water transport.
Recurrent anaphylaxis in the United States: time of onset and risk factors
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Stuart Jared , Watley Duncan , Baillargeon Gwen , Kuo Yong‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundStudies have not yet examined the trends and risk factors of biphasic and recurrent anaphylaxis in the United States using International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD‐10) CM codes. The goal of this study is to examine the trends of biphasic and recurrent anaphylaxis in all patient care settings (inpatient, outpatient, emergency department, and observation).MethodsWe used the Clinformatics database from 2015 to 2017. Our main outcome measure was recurrent anaphylactic events occurring within 1 year after the initial event. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to assess the factors associated with recurrent anaphylaxis and the Kaplan‐Meier method to estimate time to recurrence.ResultsThere were a total of 19,039 patients with incident anaphylaxis in 2016 and, of these, 2017 had a recurrent anaphylaxis event in the 12‐month period after the index date (10.6%). The most common trigger for recurrent anaphylaxis is venom followed by food allergens. Pediatric patients aged <18 years were more likely to develop recurrent anaphylaxis compared with patients aged 18 to 64 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53). Patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma were more likely to develop recurrent anaphylaxis compared to those without these comorbidities (HR, 1.15 and 1.27, respectively).ConclusionThis is the first national study using ICD‐10 CM codes looking at rates of biphasic and recurrent anaphylaxis in all patient care settings. Recurrent anaphylaxis is more common in the first 3 days after the initial event, in younger patients (<18 years), and in patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Physicians need to prescribe epinephrine auto‐injectors and educate their patients about the risk of recurrence.
Enantioselective Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminofluorination of Unactivated Alkenes with Et4NF⋅3 HF as a Fluoride Source
Authors: Hou Chuanqi , Chen Pinhong , Liu Guosheng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first asymmetric PdII‐catalyzed aminofluorination of unactivated alkenes using chiral quinoline‐oxazolines (Quox) as ligands has been developed. This reaction provides easy access to a wide array of enantiomerically enriched β‐fluoropiperidines in good yields and with excellent enantioselectivity. Notably, Et4NF⋅3 HF as a readily accessible nucleophilic fluoride source was found to play an essential role in the enantioselective control, and CsOCF3 also acts a key additive to improve the excellent ee value of products.
Novel structurally characterized hetero‐bimetallic [Zn(II)2M(II)] (M = Ca and Sr) bis(salamo)‐type complexes: DFT calculation, Hirshfeld analyses, antimicrobial and fluorescent properties
Authors: Liu Chang , An Xiao‐Xin , Cui Yong‐Fan , Xie Ke‐Feng , Dong Wen‐Kui 
Published: November 2019

Two hetero‐bimetallic [Zn(II)2M(II)] (M = Ca and Sr) complexes [Zn2Ca(L)(OAc)2] (1) and [Zn2Sr(L)(OAc)2] (2) with a novel asymmetrical bis(salamo)‐type tetraoxime ligand (H5L) were designed and synthesized, and characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR spectra, UV–vis absorption spectra, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation, Hirshfeld surface analyses and X‐ray single crystal diffractions. Compared with the symmetric bis(salamo)‐type ligands, the ligand H5L and its [Zn(II)2M(II)] (M = Ca and Sr) asymmetrical bis(salamo)‐type complexes synthesized for the first time in this paper have more novel structures and better properties. The results of ultraviolet titration show that the coordination ratio of ligand, alkaline earth metal and transition metal is 1:1:2. Complexes 1 and 2 have good luminescent properties and obvious antimicrobial activities.
Photocross‐linked polymers based on plant‐derived monomers for potential application in optical 3D printing
Authors: Lebedevaite Migle , Ostrauskaite Jolita , Skliutas Edvinas , Malinauskas Mangirdas 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPhotocross linking of the resins composed of plant‐derived monomers, acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), myrcene (MYR) and vanillin dimethacrylate (VDM) or divinylbenzene (DVB, for comparison), was performed using 2,2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone as photoinitiator. Photocross‐linking rate and properties of the crosslinked polymers depended on the resin compositions. The higher amount of MYR caused not only the better homogenization and lower viscosity of the resin but also the reduction of polymerization rate and the worse mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. The higher amount of aromatic component (VDM or DVB) improved mechanical and thermal properties of polymers. Moreover, the use of VDM instead of DVB in the system led to the higher photocross‐linking rate and higher yield of insoluble fraction. The resin composed of only plant‐derived monomers AESO/MYR/VDM, molar ratio 1:1:3, showed characteristics comparable to those of commercial petroleum‐derived photoresins and was selected as a potential renewable photoresin for application in optical 3D printing. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48708.
High data density electrical resistivity tomography survey for sediment depth estimation at the Romuald's Cave site
Authors: Becker Rory J. , Janković Ivor , Ahern James C.M. , Komšo Darko 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys were conducted at the Velika Pećina near Kličevica and Romuald's Cave sites in Croatia in 2014 and 2015. The goal of the surveys was to estimate sediment depth to bedrock. However, neither survey produced reliable results at the 0.5 m probe spacing. In 2017, the Romuald's Cave site was revisited utilizing a high data density survey of 0.1 m probe spacing. All three surveys were conducted with a GeoScan RM85 in a pole–pole configuration. The high data density survey produced reliable results given the subsurface information available from three excavation trenches in the first chamber of the cave. The 2015 and 2017 ERT survey results are presented along with the results from two additional high data density ERT surveys located in the back chamber of Romuald's Cave. These results suggest that utilizing high data densities may improve the reliability of ERT surveys in cave environments.