bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing coagulation dynamics during treatment of vascular malformations with thromboelastography
Authors: Mack Joana M. , Pierce C. D'ann , Richter Gresham T. , Spray Beverly J. , Nicholas Richard , Lewis P. Spencer , Becton David , Crary Shelley E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSlow‐flow vascular malformations are abnormal vessels that can lead to activation and consumption of coagulation factors and thrombosis, known as localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC). Most clinical and research evidence of vascular malformation hemostasis relies on conventional coagulation studies, which may not provide a complete picture. Thromboelastograpy (TEG) is a tool that can provide real‐time assessment of a patient's coagulation dynamics, and may allow for a more individualized treatment approach. We hypothesized that patients with slow‐flow vascular malformations will have changes in TEG parameters peri‐procedure that will help predict blood product or medication administration.Design/MethodsInstitutional Review Board approved prospective study of patients with slow‐flow vascular malformations undergoing a sedated, minor procedure. TEG and conventional coagulation studies were obtained preprocedure, 15 min, and when possible, at 30 min after the start of the procedure.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were enrolled. Median age was 15 years (range 3‐47 years). Procedures included laser and/or sclerotherapy. There were no changes in TEG parameters from baseline to 15 min or 30 min. The following decreased from baseline to 15 min: fibrinogen 313 to 287 mg/dL (P = .001), D‐dimer 1.3 to 1.1 mg/L (P = .02), hemoglobin 12.8 to 11.8 g/dL (P = .001), and platelet count 272 000 to 256 000 (P = .006). No patient had a bleeding/thrombotic complication during or within 1 week postprocedure.ConclusionWe saw no change in TEG parameters or bleeding or clotting complications despite significant numerical changes in conventional coagulation profiles, suggesting that conventional studies may not be as useful in determining risks of bleeding or thrombotic complications peri‐procedure for minor procedures.
Effectiveness of risk minimisation measures for valproate: A cross‐sectional survey among physicians in Europe
Authors: Toussi Massoud , Isabelle Bardoulat , Tcherny‐Lessenot Stephanie , de Voogd Hanka , Dimos Vasilis , Kaplan Sigal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the effectiveness of risk minimisation measures (RMMs) implemented following the 2014 referral for valproate in Europe.MethodsCross‐sectional survey was conducted over 2‐month period in 2016 among physicians who prescribed valproate in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain and Sweden. The web‐based questionnaire included five endpoints to evaluate physicians' knowledge on (a) prescribing valproate only for epilepsy and bipolar disorder in women if other treatments were ineffective or not tolerated; (b) ensuring supervision by experienced physicians while treating these conditions; (c) considering alternative treatments for women planning pregnancy, regular review of treatment needs and re‐assessing the benefit–risk balance in women and girls reaching puberty; (d) informing patients about the risks of taking valproate during pregnancy and (e) advising women on effective contraception during their treatment.ResultsAmong 1153 physicians, 95.5% responded prescribing valproate for epilepsy and bipolar disorder in women only if other treatments are ineffective/not tolerated; 66.5% supervised while treatment; 76.6% considered alternative treatments for women planning pregnancy; 92.1% informed patients about the risks of taking valproate during pregnancy and 94.4% advised patients on the use of effective contraception during its treatment. Overall, 25.8% physicians recalled receiving both educational material (EM) and Dear Healthcare Professional Communication (DHPC). All endpoint rates were higher for physicians who acknowledged receipt of both DHPC and EM compared to physicians who did not receive them.ConclusionsAlthough results varied across geography and physician speciality, majority of physicians had good knowledge about the indication and safety aspects of prescribing and using valproate.
Acute exacerbation in chronic bird fancier's lung with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Watanabe Natsumi , Igarashi Seiji , Hebisawa Akira , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 71‐year‐old non‐smoker woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of a six‐month history of dry cough. She had kept java sparrow for nine years and has been raising budgerigars for the previous eight months. High‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images of the chest revealed reticulonodular lesions predominantly in the bilateral upper lobes. Surgical lung biopsy specimens showed non‐caseous epithelioid cell granulomas in the alveolar spaces, including irregular and centrilobular fibrosis with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. When she started using a duck feather duvet at home, she developed dyspnoea and chest HRCT abnormalities progressively deteriorated. The results of precipitation of antibodies against duck feather, java sparrow, and budgerigars dropping extracts were positive in sera. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed as having chronic bird fancier's lung with acute exacerbation caused by the use of a feather duvet. After combination treatments with corticosteroid and cyclosporine, her respiratory symptoms and reticulonodular shadow immediately improved.
Multi‐Component Mesocrystalline Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ko Min Jun , Park Bum Chul , Koo Thomas Myeongseok , Jeon Yoo Sang , Kim Myeong Soo , Kim Young Keun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMesocrystals, consisting of small subunits, have gained research interests owing to their ability to simultaneously modify material‐specific properties and interactions among subunits. However, despite these unique characteristics, most mesocrystals are composed of a single material, and there is a disjunction between academic discovery and practical application. In this study, the synthesis of multi‐component mesocrystalline nanoparticles composed of Fe3O4, ZnFe2O4, and ZnO subunits using a polymerization induced heterogeneous nucleation method is reported. The structure has small ZnFe2O4 and ZnO nanocrystals covering the Fe3O4 crystallites. It exhibits not only magnetic and catalytic properties determined by the size of each subunit nanocrystal, but also enhances photocatalytic and colloidal properties that originates because of its crowded arrangement. The magnetically recoverable catalysts exhibit remarkable photodegradation of organic molecules under the irradiation of visible light for 1 h; thus, improving its applicability in purifying a large amount of wastewater during the daytime.
Another piece of the puzzle, another brick in the wall: The inevitable fate of Campanula section Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae: Campanuloideae)
Authors: Liveri Eleni , Crowl Andrew A. , Mavrodiev Evgeny , Yıldırım Hasan , Kamari Georgia , Cellinese Nico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCampanula sect. Quinqueloculares (Campanulaceae), consisting of ca. 39 mostly chasmophytic species, is one of the most morphologically variable groups in Campanula and includes numerous endemics occurring mostly in Greece and/or Turkey. In this molecular study, we aim to test the monophyly of C. sect. Quinqueloculares and provide divergence time estimates to generate hypotheses into the historical processes responsible for the diversification and current distribution patterns of this group. Individual and combined data matrices consisting of plastid (NADHS‐2, rpoC1‐1, rpoC2‐1, rpoC2‐2, rpoC2‐3, trnT‐trnL) and nuclear (2017561, ITS, PPR11, PPR70) markers were constructed for 121 taxa. Results indicate that C. sect. Quinqueloculares, as traditionally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. Species are largely clustered into two well‐supported clades, except for three taxa excluded from these groups. Additionally, a few taxa belonging to other sections are confidently nested within the two Quinqueloculares clades. The first clade (Greek clade) includes one isophylloid species nested with 25 Greek endemics belonging to C. sect. Quinqueloculares. The second clade (Southeastern Aegean‐Turkish clade) comprises 20 C. sect. Quinqueloculares taxa and 3 species of C. sect. Rupestres, all distributed in the southeastern Aegean and Turkey. Divergence time estimates suggest that these clades originated in the Late Miocene. Temporal and geographic patterns are consistent with a vicariant scenario driven by geological events during the Miocene, such as the formation of the Mid‐Aegean trench and the Messinian salinity crisis.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological applications of semiconducting polythiophene‐based nanoparticles
Authors: Zangoli Mattia , Di Maria Francesca 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, polythiophene‐based nanoparticles (PT‐NPs) have attracted increasing attention because of their outstanding characteristics deriving from a wealth of properties such as charge conduction in the oxidized/reduced states, light absorption/emission at an appropriate wavelength, geometrical adaptability, thermal and chemical stability, and solubility in common solvents. Furthermore, the great synthetic flexibility of the thiophene core has allowed the engineering of a multitude of nanomaterials with made‐to‐order properties. This review is focused on the synthesis and characterization of aqueous PT‐NPs and their biological applications. In particular, both in vitro and in vivo bioapplications will be presented, in which thiophene‐based nanomaterials act as photoactuators, that is, as exogenous components capable of transforming a primary stimulus of light into a highly spatiotemporally resolved secondary stimulus able to alter cell's physiological functions. Furthermore, examples of applications of PT‐NPs in biomedicine, such as photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, will be discussed.
GLP-1-Analoga in der Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Veyder-Malberg Caroline , Furthner Dieter , Dalus Christopher , Maruszczak Katharina , Schneider Anna-Maria , Weghuber Daniel 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungWenngleich die Prävalenz des Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im deutschsprachigen Raum im internationalen Vergleich niedrig ist, wird auch hierorts jährlich bei bis zu 300 jungen Patienten die Diagnose neu gestellt. Um mögliche Spätfolgen der Erkrankung zu vermeiden, ist eine effiziente Therapie frühzeitig notwendig. Eine Lebensstilmodifikation ist hier stets die Basis. Bis vor Kurzem gab es lediglich 2 zugelassene Medikamente für die Therapie des T2D bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Metformin und Insulin. Seit 2019 steht auch der „Glucagon-like-Peptide-1“(GLP-1)-Rezeptor-Agonist Liraglutid bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ab 10 Jahren zur Verfügung.In der Recherche für den vorliegenden Artikel, welcher als narratives Review verfasst wurde, konnten 3 Studien mit Liraglutid bei Jugendlichen mit T2D gefunden werden. Generell zeigten sich eine gute Toleranz und Sicherheit sowie eine Pharmakokinetik ähnlich der von Erwachsenen. Das Nebenwirkungsprofil beinhaltet milde gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen, jedoch keine schweren Hypoglykämien. Neben einer besseren glykämischen Kontrolle ist ein günstiger Effekt auf das Körpergewicht möglich. Liraglutid kann bei Jugendlichen ab 10 Jahren in Kombination mit Metformin oder bei einer Metforminunverträglichkeit alleine angewandt werden. Weitere Studien zu anderen GLP-1-Analoga werden bereits durchgeführt und eröffnen neue therapeutische Möglichkeiten.
Comparison of extraction methods for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human serum and placenta samples—insights into extractable organic fluorine (EOF)
Authors: Kaiser Andreas-Marius , Aro Rudolf , Kärrman Anna , Weiss Stefan , Hartmann Christina , Uhl Maria , Forsthuber Martin , Gundacker Claudia , Yeung Leo W. Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince the detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans and different environmental media in the last two decades, this substance group has attracted a lot of attention as well as increasing concerns. The fluorine mass balance approach, by comparing the levels of targeted PFAS after conversion to fluorine equivalents with those of extractable organic fluorine (EOF), showed the presence of unidentified organofluorine in different environmental samples. Out of the thousands of PFAS in existence, only a very small fraction is included in routine analysis. In recent years, liquid chromatography coupled with tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has demonstrated the ability to analytically cover a wide spectrum of PFAS. In contrast, conventional extraction methods developed 10 to 15 years ago were only evaluated for a limited number of PFAS. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of three different extraction methods, adapted from the literatures without further optimization (ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), using hydrophilic-lipophilic (HLB) or weak anion exchange (WAX) sorbents), for human biomonitoring of 61 PFAS in serum and placental tissue samples. In addition, levels of EOF were compared among these extraction methods via spiked samples. Results showed that performance, in terms of recovery, differed between the extraction methods for different PFAS; different extraction methods resulted in different EOF concentrations indicating that the choice of extraction method is important for target PFAS and EOF analysis. Results of maternal serum samples, analyzed in two different laboratories using two different extraction methods, showed an accordance of 107.6% (± 21.3); the detected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in maternal and cord serum samples were in the range of 0.076 to 2.9 ng/mL.Graphical abstract
Endoscopic full thickness resection vs. transanal endoscopic microsurgery for local treatment of rectal neuroendocrine tumors - a retrospective analysis
Authors: Brand Markus , Reimer Stanislaus , Reibetanz Joachim , Flemming Sven , Kornmann Marko , Meining Alexander 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Local treatment of small well-differentiated rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is recommended by current guidelines. However, although several endoscopic methods have been established, the highest R0 rate is achieved by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Since a recently published study about endoscopic full thickness resection (eFTR) showed a R0 resection rate of 100%, the aim of this study was to evaluate both methods (eFTR vs. TEM).

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed all patients with rectal NET treated either by TEM (1999–2018) or eFTR (2016–2019) in two tertiary centers (University Hospital Wuerzburg and Ulm). We analyzed clinical, procedural, and histopathological outcomes in both groups.

Results
Twenty-eight patients with rectal NET received local treatment (TEM: 13; eFTR: 15). Most tumors were at stage T1a and grade G1 or G2 (in the TEM group two G3 NETs were staged T2 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy). In both groups, similar outcomes for en bloc resection rate, R0 resection rate, tumor size, or specimen size were found. No procedural adverse events were noted. Mean procedure time in the TEM group was 48.9 min and 19.2 min in the eFTR group.

Conclusion
eFTR is a convincing method for local treatment of small rectal NETs combining high safety and efficacy with short interventional time.
Risk for COVID-19 infection in patients with tobacco smoke-associated cancers of the upper and lower airway
Authors: Gallo Oreste 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer patients are regarded as a group at risk for both COVID-19 infection and severe clinical course because of advanced age, comorbidities and iatrogenic immune impairment. Among them, patients with cancer of the upper and lower airways share other risk factors, mostly related to tobacco-smoke exposure, including male gender, airway epithelial damages, chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Clinical and pathophysiological factors shared by these conditions are reviewed.

Methods
Review of the published literature since the beginning of 2020.

Results
COVID-19 is a respiratory infectious disease and SARS-CoV-2 replication and shedding occurs in nasal and bronchial epithelial respiratory cells through the interaction with ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors, both overexpressed in smokers and former smokers. Tobacco-smoke airway exposure is also characterized by a chronic inflammation with activation of inflammatory cells and cytokine release including interleukin-6 (IL-6). A high release of cytokine in response to viral infection is documented in COVID-19 patients with adverse clinical outcomes and IL-6 is a key element of the cytokine storm syndrome leading to multi-organ damage.

Conclusions
Patients with cancers of the upper and lower airways might be at increased risk of infection, morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 also because of tobacco exposure, a key factor in triggering inflammation, immunity and cancer.
Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France
Authors: Colombier Mathieu , Shea Thomas , Burgisser Alain , Druitt Timothy H. , Gurioli Lucia , Müller Dirk , Cáceres Francisco , Hess Kai-Uwe , Boivin Pierre , Miallier Didier , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagma ascent during silicic dome-forming eruptions is characterized by significant changes in magma viscosity, permeability, and gas overpressure in the conduit. These changes depend on a set of parameters such as ascent rate, outgassing and crystallization efficiency, and magma viscosity, which in turn may influence the prevailing conditions for effusive versus explosive activity. Here, we combine chemical and textural analyses of tephra with viscosity models to provide a better understanding of the effusive-explosive transitions during Vulcanian phases of the 9.4 ka eruption of Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France. Our results suggest that effusive activity at the onset of Vulcanian episodes at Kilian Volcano was promoted by (i) rapid ascent of initially crystal-poor and volatile-rich trachytic magma, (ii) a substantial bulk and melt viscosity increase driven by extensive volatile loss and crystallization, and (iii) efficient degassing/outgassing in a crystal-rich magma at shallow depths. Trachytic magma repeatedly replenished the upper conduit, and variations in the amount of decompression and cooling caused vertical textural stratification, leading to variable degrees of crystallization and outgassing. Outgassing promoted effusive dome growth and occurred via gas percolation through large interconnected vesicles, fractures, and tuffisite veins, fostering the formation of cristobalite in the carapace and talus regions. Build-up of overpressure was likely caused by closing of pore space (bubbles and fractures) in the dome through a combination of pore collapse, cristobalite formation, sintering in tuffisite veins, and limited pre-fragmentation coalescence in the dome or underlying hot vesicular magma. Sealing of the carapace may have caused a transition from open- to closed- system degassing and to renewed explosive activity. We generalize our findings to propose that the broad spectrum of eruptive styles for trachytic magmas may be inherited from a combination of characteristics of trachytic melts that include high water solubility and diffusivity, rapid microlite growth, and low melt viscosity compared to their more evolved subalkaline dacitic and rhyolitic equivalents. We show that trachytes may erupt with a similar style (e.g., Vulcanian) but at significantly higher ascent rates than their andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic counterparts. This suggests that the periodicity of effusive-explosive transitions at trachytic volcanoes may differ from that observed at the well-monitored andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic volcanoes, which has implications for hazard assessment associated with trachytic eruptions.
Antiinfektive Therapie
Authors: Hanses Frank 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungSepsis und septischer Schock sind weiter mit einer hohen Mortalität und Morbidität verbunden. Ein entscheidender Faktor für die Verbesserung des Outcomes ist die schnelle Einleitung einer wirksamen Antibiotikatherapie. Das frühe Erkennen einer Sepsis innerhalb der ersten Stunde stellt dabei eine der größten Herausforderungen dar. Zu einer wirksamen empirischen Therapie gehören gezielt ausgewählte Breitspektrumantibiotika, in speziellen Situationen auch Kombinationstherapien bzw. Antimykotika. Deeskalationsstrategien zur Verschmälerung bzw. Verkürzung der Therapie sind sicher und können Nebenwirkungen begrenzen.
Erholung verliert an Fahrt - Wirtschaft und Politik weiter im Zeichen der Pandemie
Authors: Holtemöller Oliver , Kooths Stefan , Michelsen Claus , Schmidt Torsten , Wollmershäuser Timo 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungInfolge der Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Corona-Pandemie ist die deutsche Wirtschaftsleistung in der ersten Jahreshälfte drastisch gesunken, vor allem in den Monaten März und April. Schon im Mai setzte eine kräftige Gegenbewegung ein, die sich in nahezu allen Branchen bis zum aktuellen Rand fortsetzte. Dieser Erholungsprozess dürfte an Fahrt verlieren. Die Institute erwarten daher nach einem Rückgang des Bruttoinlandsprodukts um 5,4 % (2020) einen Zuwachs um 4,7 % (2021) und um 2,7 % im Jahr 2022. Sie revidieren damit ihre Prognose aufgrund des nunmehr etwas schwächeren Erholungsprozesses gegenüber dem Frühjahr nach unten. Die Wirtschaftspolitik hat frühzeitig mit massiven finanzpolitischen Maßnahmen auf die Corona-Krise reagiert. Die Konjunkturprogramme haben im Zusammenspiel mit den automatischen Stabilisatoren dazu beigetragen, dass die verfügbaren Einkommen der privaten Haushalte selbst in der akuten Krisenphase insgesamt stabil blieben.
Corona-Pandemie und die Stabilität des Bankensystems
Authors: Demary Markus , Hüther Michael 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDass die Corona-Pandemie die Bilanzqualität von Banken und Finanzintermediären verschlechtern könnte, wurde zwar schon befürchtet, jedoch stand die Bankenstabilisierung bisher nicht im Mittelpunkt der wirtschaftspolitischen Maßnahmen, welche die Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie überwinden sollen. Vielmehr hatte sich der Lockdown auf mehrere Branchen der Realwirtschaft ausgewirkt. Besonders betroffen waren bisher der stationäre Einzelhandel, die Tourismusbranche, das Gastgewerbe, aber auch die Industrie. Die Automobilbranche hatte sogar vorübergehend die Produktion vollständig stillgelegt. Inwieweit könnte die Corona-Pandemie nun den Bankensektor destabilisieren?
Corona-Finanzhilfen des Bundes zur Entlastung der Kommunen
Authors: Döring Thomas 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Krise hat bei den Kommunen zu zusätzlichen Ausgaben und hohen Steuerausfällen geführt. Zur Stabilisierung der Kommunalfinanzen hat der Bund zwei Gesetzesinitiativen auf den Weg gebracht. Neben einer dauerhaft stärkeren Beteiligung des Bundes an den Kosten für Unterkunft und Heizung in der Grundsicherung für Arbeitssuchende sollen einmalig und in pauschaler Form die krisenbedingten Gewerbesteuermindereinnahmen der Kommunen kompensiert werden. Beide Maßnahmen führen jedoch zu einer unsachgerechten Vermischung von kurzfristigen Interventionen zur fiskalischen Bewältigung der Corona-Krise mit grundlegenden Reformnotwendigkeiten der Kommunalfinanzen.