bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma Exposure and Problem Drinking in Late Adolescence: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Witte Tricia H. , Weymouth Bridget B. , Gajos Jamie M. , Penunuri Andrew , Levy Sera 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExposure to early traumatic events has been implicated in problem drinking during late adolescence, and this association may be stronger among youth with emotion regulation deficits. The purpose of this study was to identify subgroups of late adolescents based on trauma type, including loss, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms; and emotion regulation deficits that confer the risk for problematic drinking behaviors. A sample of 946 participants (M age = 18.84 years, SD = 1.06) was analyzed with mixed‐indicator latent profile analysis to identify subgroups and explore whether these subgroups displayed significant differences regarding elevated drinking frequency, alcohol quantity, and problematic alcohol use. A four‐profile model yielded the best fit to the data, and four groups were identified and labeled “high functioning” (29.4%), “loss regulated” (32.3%), “loss dysregulated” (28.1%), and “multiple trauma dysregulated” (10.1%). Individuals in the high functioning group reported the lowest rates on all three measures of alcohol misuse (14.6‐24.9%), whereas those in the multiple trauma dysregulated group reported the highest rates on all three measures (31.6‐71.5%). Individuals in the multiple trauma dysregulated group (M = 0.25) differed significantly from those in the other three groups (Ms = 0.42–0.72) on the measure of problematic alcohol use but scored similarly to those in the loss dysregulated group on measures of drinking frequency (M = 0.32 and 0.24, respectively) and quantity (M = 0.43 and 0.39, respectively). These findings have implications for prevention programs targeted for alcohol use disorders among older adolescents.
Peri‐procedural Anticoagulation in Patients with Head and Neck Versus Extremity Venous Malformations
Authors: Dharmarajan Harish , McCoy Jennifer L. , Jabbour Noel , McCormick Andrew , Xavier Frederico , Correa Debra , Padia Reema 
Published: October 2020

Objective(1) Review a multidisciplinary vascular anomalies center's practice regarding periprocedural anticoagulation for venous malformations (VM) and the associated risk of thromboembolic and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) events. (2) Compare the risk of thromboembolic events and DIC post‐procedure between head and neck (H&N) and extremity VM patients.MethodsAn Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved, retrospective chart review was performed on 120 VM patients. A thromboembolic event was defined as a thrombus formation post‐sclerotherapy or post‐surgery within 2 months in a distant or local venous structure not directly addressed by the procedure.ResultsThere were 39 cases involving the H&N and 81 cases based at the extremities. There were eight cases of post‐procedure thrombus formation within the extremity VM group (8/71; 11.3%) as opposed to 0 cases in the H&N group (OR: 0, 95% CI .00–.09), p = .049. There was no difference in incidence of post‐procedure thromboembolic events between those with elevated D‐dimer (H&N: 0%, extremity: 22.7%, 5/22) and normal D‐dimer values (H&N: 0%, extremity: 6.3% [1/16], P = .370). There was no difference in incidence of post‐procedure thromboembolic events between those who received periprocedural anticoagulation (H&N: 0%, extremity: 21%, 4/19) and those who did not (H&N: 0%, extremity: 8.2%, 4/49), (Extremity: OR: 3.00, .67–13.50, P = .206).ConclusionPost‐procedure thromboembolism is rare in the treatment of venous malformations, especially in the head and neck subsite. Regardless of anticoagulation use, there were no thromboembolic events for H&N VM patients. Such events are rare, and the odds may approach zero, especially with small sample size.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:1163–1167, 2021
Reconstructive Options During Nonfunctional Laryngectomy
Authors: Escalante Derek , Vincent Aurora G. , Wang Weitao , Shokri Tom , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveA paucity of data exists regarding surgical outcomes for patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx. Herein, we present the largest study evaluating the method of closure on postoperative fistula rate and swallowing ability.MethodWe performed a retrospective review of patients undergoing total laryngectomy for a dysfunctional larynx after primary radiation or chemoradiation therapy for laryngeal carcinoma from 1998 to 2020. Demographic information, operative details, length of hospitalization, fistula formation, method of fistula treatment, and need for enteral feeding 6 months after surgery were analyzed.ResultsA total of 268 patients were included. Flaps were performed in 140 (52.2%) patients, including radial forearm free flaps (RFFF), pectoralis flaps, and supraclavicular flaps. Sixty‐four (23.9%) patients developed postoperative fistulas. There was no significant difference in the fistula rate between flap and primary closure methods (P = .06). However, among patients who had a flap, RFFF had a significantly lower fistula rate (P = .02). Significantly more patients who had initial closure with a pectoralis flap required an additional flap for fistula repair than those who underwent RFFF or primary closure (P < .05). Last, whereas 87 patients (32.5%) required an enteral feeding tube 6 months after surgery, significantly fewer patients who underwent RFFF were feeding tube‐dependent (P = < .0001).ConclusionHerein, we present the largest study of outcomes after total laryngectomy for dysfunctional larynx. Postoperative fistula rates are high, 23%; however, the majority of patients, 67%, will not require long‐term enteral support. The RFFF is an excellent option demonstrating the lowest rates of postoperative fistula and enteral feeding tube dependence.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1510–E1513, 2021
Assessment of land degradation using machine‐learning techniques: A case of declining rangelands
Authors: Yousefi Saleh , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Avand Mohammadtaghi , Janizadeh Saeid , Tavangar Shahla , Santosh M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIncreased use and increasing demands pose serious threats to rangelands. In this study, we document a pronounced downward trend in rangeland quality in the Alborz Mountains in Firozkuh County, Iran using analysis of three machine‐learning models (MLMs). A total of 1,147 transects were established to evaluate the rangeland quality trends from field data collected over a 7‐year period. Twelve independent conditional factors were analyzed for their relationships to range quality through three MLMs—Random Forest (RF), classification and regression tree (CART), and support vector machine (SVM). Based on assessments of the trained and validated models, RF, with a ROC‐AUC = 0.96, was determined to be the most robust. The results show that about 20% of the rangeland in the study area is in a critically degraded condition. Distances from roads and livestock density are the two factors most strongly linked to degradation. These results, in combination with field observations, indicate that the rangelands of the study area face two major challenges (overgrazing and early grazing) that require new strategies to mitigate and prevent damages. This study may provide important guidance for evaluating rangeland conditions in other regions of the world.
Otolith chemistry of Electrona antarctica suggests a potential population marker distinguishing the southern Kerguelen Plateau from the eastward‐flowing Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Duan Mi , Ashford Julian R. , Bestley Sophie , Wei Xiaoying , Walters Andrea , Zhu Guoping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge submarine plateaus impede the eastward flow of the deep‐reaching Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), and at the southern Kerguelen Plateau (SKP), the ACC flow is steered north through the Fawn Trough and south through the Princess Elizabeth Trough. During the Kerguelen Axis study, a regional‐scale ecosystem survey, oceanographic sampling showed the ACC water properties west of the SKP to be distinct from those over the SKP. Electrona antarctica, a dominant mesopelagic fish species, is associated with Circumpolar Deep Water transported by the ACC, and modified versions that occur over and downstream from the SKP including along the Antarctic continental slope. Here, otolith chemistry from samples of E. antarctica collected during the survey were used to test a biophysical hypothesis predicting structuring and movement between populations along zonal flow in the ACC. In chemistry deposited during early life in the otolith nuclei, the relationship between MgCa−1 and SrCa−1 showed complete separation between fish collected over the SKP and within the ACC proper, indicating population differentiation. Chemistry from the otolith edges, deposited during the period leading up to capture, showed significantly higher concentrations of MgCa−1 over the SKP, likely related to differences in feeding and reproduction. Fish with nucleus chemistry characteristic of the SKP were also found in samples caught further east, suggesting they were transported along the ACC downstream, and southward toward the Antarctic continent within the Australian–Antarctic Gyre.
Degeneration of torsors over families of del Pezzo surfaces
Authors: Derenthal Ulrich , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLetSbe a split family of del Pezzo surfaces over a discrete valuation ring such that the general fiber is smooth and the special fiber has ‐singularities. LetGbe the reductive group given by the root system of these singularities. We construct aG‐torsor overSwhose restriction to the generic fiber is the extension of structure group of the universal torsor. This extends a construction of Friedman and Morgan for individual singular del Pezzo surfaces. In case of very good residue characteristic, this torsor is unique and infinitesimally rigid.
A versatile reactive oxygen species‐responsive gels sensor for analysis of metabolic species
Authors: Mugo Samuel M. , Lu Weihao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a flexible redox responsive polymer‐based sensor for detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The sensor comprises multilayers of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), carbon nanotube/cellulose nanocrystal (CNT/CNC) and a redox responsive poly (glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐co‐vinyl ferrocene), herewith called poly (GMA‐co‐EGDMA‐co Fc) nanoferrogels. These sensor layers were printed on a micropillared polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. The nanoferrogel sensor versatility has been demonstrated in its effective detection of ROS species, specifically H2O2, peroxylipids, and oxidative deriving species such as cholesterol and unsaturated triglycerides. The nanoferrogel ROS sensor rapidly (~1 min) responds to both H2O2 and peroxylipids with a limit of detection (LOD) of ~0.060 ± 0.001 µg/ml) and 0.012 ± 0.001 µg/ml, respectively. The cholesterol oxidase and lipoxygenase‐based nanoferrogel sensor were successfully evaluated for the detection of cholesterol (LOD of 0.12 ± 0.02 µg/ml) and glyceryltrilinoeate (LOD of 1.8 ± 0.2 ng/ml) standards, respectively. These enzyme‐loaded ROS nanoferrogel sensors were also evaluated for quantification of cholesterol and glyceryltrilinoeate in bacon lard and olive oils. The fabricated flexible ROS sensors are versatile for quantitation of oxidative stress biomarkers, useful in myriad applications including clinical, environmental, food, and plant physiology.
Anti‐VEGF DNA‐based aptamers in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics
Authors: Riccardi Claudia , Napolitano Ettore , Platella Chiara , Musumeci Domenica , Melone Mariarosa A. B. , Montesarchio Daniela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and its receptors play fundamental roles not only in physiological but also in pathological angiogenesis, characteristic of cancer progression. Aiming at finding putative treatments for several malignancies, various small molecules, antibodies, or protein‐based drugs have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as VEGF inhibitors, providing efficient agents approved for clinical use. Due to the high clinical importance of VEGF, also a great number of anti‐VEGF nucleic acid‐based aptamers—that is, oligonucleotides able to bind with high affinity and specificity a selected biological target—have been developed as promising agents in anticancer strategies. Notable research efforts have been made in optimization processes of the identified aptamers, searching for increased target affinity and/or bioactivity by exploring structural analogues of the lead compounds. This review is focused on recent studies devoted to the development of DNA‐based aptamers designed to target VEGF. Their therapeutic potential as well as their significance in the construction of highly selective biosensors is here discussed.
Challenges, mitigation strategies and perspectives in development of Li metal anode
Authors: Wang Zaisheng , Yu Jiawen , Rao Mumin , Jin Xiaojin , Huld Frederik , Xu Zhenming , Li Yong , Lou Fengliu , Ye Daiqi , Qiu Yongcai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anode has been considered as the most promising anode for rechargeable batteries with high energy density owing to its extraordinarily high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (–3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). However, the practical applications of the Li metal anode are hampered by several obstacles, such as irrepressible dendritic Li growth and limited Coulombic efficiency (CE) during Li plating/stripping. To improve the application scope of Li metal batteries, it is imperative to develop advanced strategies to figure out these issues. In this Review, we first clarify the fundamental factors that affect the dendrite growth and CE of the Li metal anode. Subsequently, based on the previous theoretical understanding and analysis, recently proposed strategies to suppress dendrite growth and accommodating volume change have been reviewed. In addition, advanced characterization techniques for Li metal anode are included. Finally, a general conclusion and a perspective for the coming development of Li metal anode in practical applications are provided.
Clinical Manifestations of Copper Deficiency: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Moon Nabeel , Aryan Mahmoud , Westerveld Donevan , Nathoo Sunina , Glover Sarah , Kamel Amir Y. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCopper is a mineral that is absorbed in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. Gastric bypass surgery, gastrectomy, and short‐bowel syndrome commonly lead to copper malabsorption. Copper deficiency primarily presents with hematological and neurological sequelae, including macrocytic anemia and myelopathy. Although hematological disturbances often correct with copper supplementation, neurological manifestations of copper deficiency may be irreversible. We present the case of copper deficiency secondary to malabsorption and management strategies to prevent irreversible neurological sequelae.PresentationA 48‐year‐old female with a history of hypothyroidism, ischemic stroke, and Crohn's disease, complicated by subtotal colectomy and small‐bowel resections, was admitted for fatigue and progressive neurological deficiencies. Her vital signs were stable, and physical examination was remarkable for weakness of both upper and lower extremities, ataxia, and upper extremities paresthesia. Computed tomography scan of the head without contrast was unremarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging enterography revealed a focal area of narrowing of the remaining small bowel. Copper level was low at 39 µg/dL. After 5 days of intravenous replacement using trace element within parenteral nutrition, her copper level corrected to 81 µg/dL. Her ataxia improved after intravenous copper supplementation and did not recur.ConclusionsOur patient presented with copper deficiency secondary to malabsoprtion. This case highlights the importance of copper testing in the bariatric surgery population and in patients with short‐bowel syndrome. Given the irreversible nature of neurological symptoms when compared with the expense of nutrition supplements, routine copper testing should be considered in patients with malabsorptive states or altered anatomy, regardless of initial presentation.
A greedy algorithm for computing eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix with localized eigenvectors
Authors: Hernandez Taylor M. , Van Beeumen Roel , Caprio Mark A. , Yang Chao 
Published: October 2020

SummaryWe present a greedy algorithm for computing selected eigenpairs of a large sparse matrix H that can exploit localization features of the eigenvector. When the eigenvector to be computed is localized, meaning only a small number of its components have large magnitudes, the proposed algorithm identifies the location of these components in a greedy manner, and obtains approximations to the desired eigenpairs of H by computing eigenpairs of a submatrix extracted from the corresponding rows and columns of H. Even when the eigenvector is not completely localized, the approximate eigenvectors obtained by the greedy algorithm can be used as good starting guesses to accelerate the convergence of an iterative eigensolver applied to H. We discuss a few possibilities for selecting important rows and columns of H and techniques for constructing good initial guesses for an iterative eigensolver using the approximate eigenvectors returned from the greedy algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach with examples from nuclear quantum many‐body calculations, many‐body localization studies of quantum spin chains and road network analysis.
Nurses’ perceptions of caring activities in nursing
Authors: Akansel Neriman , Watson Roger , Vatansever Nursel , Özdemir Aysel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine nurses’ perceptions of caring activities in nursing.DesignA descriptive study design.MethodsA Turkish translation of the 25‐item version of the Caring Dimensions Inventory was completed by 260 nurses working in one university hospital. Data were analysed using Mokken scaling.ResultsTechnical aspects of nursing were highly endorsed items such as “observing the effects of a medication on a patient, measuring vital signs, being technically competent with a clinical procedure, consulting with the doctor” except for the item “providing privacy for a patient” which is a psychosocial item. The range of items included in the Mokken scale with “providing privacy for a patient” (mean = 4.31) as the most endorsed, and “exploring the patient's lifestyle” (mean = 2.60) being the least endorsed item. Listening to patients and involving them in their care are not considered as caring.
High‐dose antipsychotic drug use as a predictor for readmission of inpatients with borderline personality disorder: A retrospective chart review in a Japanese psychiatric hospital
Authors: Yamada Yuji , Yokoi Yuma , Narita Zui , Hirabayashi Naotsugu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine predictors associated with readmission of inpatients with borderline personality disorder.MethodsThis observational study evaluated 83 inpatients with borderline personality disorder admitted to the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital in Japan from January 2013 to January 2016. Data were retrospectively obtained from electronic medical records.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the daily antipsychotic dose equivalent to chlorpromazine at admission between the readmitted and nonreadmitted groups, which indicated that there was no between‐group difference in the psychiatric disease severity at admission. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of antipsychotics equivalent to >400 mg of chlorpromazine at discharge was associated with readmission within 1 year.ConclusionsIn conclusion, high‐dose antipsychotic drug use at discharge may be a risk factor for readmission. The present findings may have important clinical implications since they alert physicians to a possible predictor for readmissions of patients with borderline personality disorder.
Use of the Illumina EPIC methylation array for epigenomic research in the crab‐eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Nakachi Yutaka , Ishii Kazuhiro , Bundo Miki , Masuda Tomoyuki , Iwamoto Kazuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCommercially available Illumina DNA methylation arrays (HumanMethylation 27K, HumanMethylation450, and MethylationEPIC BeadChip) can be used for comprehensive DNA methylation analyses of not only the human genome but also other mammalian genomes, ranging from those of nonhuman primates to those of rodents. However, practical application of the EPIC array to the crab‐eating macaque has not been reported.MethodsThrough bioinformatic analyses involving cross‐species comparison and consideration of probe performance, we selected array probes that can be reliably used for the crab‐eating macaque genome. A DNA methylation assay using an EPIC array was performed on genomic DNA extracted from the brains of five crab‐eating macaques. The obtained DNA methylation data were compared with a publicly available dataset.ResultsAmong the 865 918 probes in the EPIC array, a total of 183 509 probes (21.2%) were selected as high‐confidence array probes in the crab‐eating macaque. Subsequent comparisons revealed that the data from these probes showed good concordance with other DNA methylation datasets of the crab‐eating macaque.ConclusionThe selected high‐confidence array probes would be useful for high‐throughput DNA methylation assays of the crab‐eating macaque.
Cattle husbandry and aurochs hunting in the Neolithic of northern Central Europe and southern Scandinavia. A statistical approach to distinguish between domestic and wild forms
Authors: Schmölcke Ulrich , Groß Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is a well‐known and geographically widespread problem in archaeozoology that the discrimination between remains of domesticated animals and their wild ancestors is not always possible. Due to an overlap in size as well as other features, substantial parts of bone and teeth assemblages sometimes cannot be assigned either to the wild or the domestic form. In this paper, we apply the logarithmic size index (LSI) method as a tool for discrimination between aurochs (Bos primigenius) and domestic cattle (Bos primigeniusf. taurus). By comparing LSI data from definite aurochs with data from Neolithic bovids within a limited geographical area, we show that the overlap of both groups is larger than previously thought.Our analysis also shows that the LSI width values are suited for both differentiating domesticated versus wild animals and sexes within the single groups. For future studies but also for correcting known results, we present division lines between LSI values of aurochs and cattle. The analysed data indicate that female and male aurochs had comparable heights, whereas the latter had a generally more sturdy physique in southern Scandinavia. We consequently expect that the investigated Middle Neolithic assemblages contain a significantly higher number of aurochs bones than previously assumed.