bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Tricyclic Laddersiloxane with Various Ring Sizes (Bat Siloxane)
Authors: Chaiprasert Thanawat , Liu Yujia , Intaraprecha Pa‐kwan , Kunthom Rungthip , Takeda Nobuhiro , Unno Masafumi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new synthetic method for tricyclic laddersiloxanes, ladder‐type silsesquioxanes with defined structures, is developed based on intramolecular cyclization of hydrosilyl‐functionalized cyclic siloxanes. This method enables the construction of unprecedented laddersiloxanes with various ring sizes. Herein, the preparation of tricyclic laddersiloxanes containing 6‐8‐6‐, 8‐8‐8‐, or 12‐8‐12‐membered‐ring systems is reported. These products can be considered as bat‐shape siloxanes, owing to their rigid inorganic siloxane body with flexible oligosiloxane “wings” as side rings. The synthesized compounds are potential building blocks for well‐defined nanomaterials, porous materials, and host molecules.
Rotaxane‐Based Difunctional Nitrile N‐Oxide Crosslinker: Synthesis and Direct Introduction of Movable Crosslinking Points into Ethylene‐Propylene‐Butadiene Monomer (EPDM) Rubber
Authors: Sogawa Hiromitsu , Tsutsuba Toyokazu , Sakiyama Naoto , Ikeda Tatsuhito , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIncorporation of rotaxane scaffolds into the crosslinking points of polymer networks significantly affects their rheological and mechanical properties. The present study involves the synthesis of a new rotaxane‐type crosslinker containing nitrile N‐oxide functional groups on both the axle and wheel components. The prepared crosslinker is highly reactive; however, it can be isolated and applied in the crosslinking reaction of a commercially important polymer, namely ethylene‐propylene‐butadiene monomer rubber (EPDM), in the absence of additives and catalysts. Tensile tests reveal that compared to a network containing conventional crosslinking points, both breaking strength and strain of the network structure prepared herein are improved due to the incorporation of movable crosslinking points. The synthesized network structure also exhibits five times higher fracture energy. The developed post‐crosslinking methodology for the direct introduction of movable crosslinking points into pre‐formed polymers will be valuable in the production of rotaxane materials for various applications.
Burned out or engaged at work? The role of self‐regulatory personality profiles
Authors: Smith Claire E. , Barratt Clare L. , Hirvo Alexis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmployees’ responses to work demands are crucially related to their occupational well‐being. The present study aimed to identify Big Five personality profiles of working adults and examine their connection to two central responses to work stress: work engagement and burnout. Four latent personality profiles emerged (i.e., overcontroller, undercontroller, reserved and resilient) and, in line with Block (2002) self‐regulation theory, related differently to burnout and engagement. Specifically, both under‐ and overcontrollers experienced higher burnout and lower engagement, whereas resilient experienced higher engagement and lower burnout. Reserved profile members were low in both. The results suggest that management of healthy, engaged workers may be aided by consideration of personality profiles and that Block's self‐regulation theory may be a useful framework for connecting personality to occupational well‐being.
Changes in the phonon density of states of Fe induced by external strain
Authors: Meyer Robert , Scherthan Lena , Hochdörffer Tim , Sadashivaiah Sakshath , Wolny Juliusz A. , Klein Matthias W. , Smaga Marek , Beck Tilmann , Schünemann Volker , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNuclear inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation is used to study the changes induced by external tensile strain on the phonon density of states (pDOS) of polycrystalline Fe samples. The data are interpreted with the help of dedicated atomistic simulations. The longitudinal phonon peak at around 37 meV and also the second transverse peak at 27 meV are decreased under strain. This is caused by the production of defects under strain. Also the thermodynamic properties of the pDOS demonstrate a weakening of the force constants and of the mean phonon energy under strain. Remaining differences between experiment and simulation are discussed.
Impact of frailty on periprocedural health care utilization in patients undergoing transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair
Authors: Iliadis Christos , Schwabe Leandra , Müller Dirk , Stock Stephanie , Baldus Stephan , Pfister Roman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Frailty is a common characteristic of patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR). It is unclear whether the physical vulnerability of frail patients translates into increased procedural health care utilization.

Methods and results
Frailty was assessed using the Fried criteria in 229 patients undergoing TMVR using the MitraClip system at our institution and associations with total costs and costs by cost centers within the hospital incurred during periprocedural hospitalization were examined. Frail patients (n = 107, 47%) compared to non-frail patients showed significantly higher total costs [median/interquartile range, excluding implant costs: 7,337 € (5,911–9,814) vs 6,238 € (5,584–7,499), p = 0.001], with a difference in means of 2,317 €. Frailty was the only clinical baseline characteristic with significant association with total costs. Higher total costs in frail patients were attributable primarily to longer stay on intermediate/intensive care unit (3.8 ± 5.7 days in frail vs 2.1 ± 1.7 days in non-frail, p = 0.003), but also to costs of clinical chemistry and physiotherapy. The prolonged stay on intermediate/intensive care unit in frail patients was attributable to postprocedural complications such as bleeding, kidney injury, infections and cardiovascular instability.

Conclusion
Frailty is associated with a mean 32% increase of hospital costs in patients undergoing TMVR, which is primarily the result of a prolonged recovery and increased vulnerability to complications. These findings are valuable for a hospital’s total cost calculation and resource allocation planning. Since frailty is regarded a potentially reversible health state, preventive interventions may help reduce costs in frail patients.

Graphic abstract
Transferability of N-terminal mutations of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase in one species to that in another species on unnatural amino acid incorporation efficiency
Authors: Williams Thomas L. , Iskandar Debra J. , Nödling Alexander R. , Tan Yurong , Luk Louis Y. P. , Tsai Yu-Hsuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenetic code expansion is a powerful technique for site-specific incorporation of an unnatural amino acid into a protein of interest. This technique relies on an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair and has enabled incorporation of over 100 different unnatural amino acids into ribosomally synthesized proteins in cells. Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and its cognate tRNA from Methanosarcina species are arguably the most widely used orthogonal pair. Here, we investigated whether beneficial effect in unnatural amino acid incorporation caused by N-terminal mutations in PylRS of one species is transferable to PylRS of another species. It was shown that conserved mutations on the N-terminal domain of MmPylRS improved the unnatural amino acid incorporation efficiency up to five folds. As MbPylRS shares high sequence identity to MmPylRS, and the two homologs are often used interchangeably, we examined incorporation of five unnatural amino acids by four MbPylRS variants at two temperatures. Our results indicate that the beneficial N-terminal mutations in MmPylRS did not improve unnatural amino acid incorporation efficiency by MbPylRS. Knowledge from this work contributes to our understanding of PylRS homologs which are needed to improve the technique of genetic code expansion in the future.
Oral contraceptive use by formulation and endometrial cancer risk among women born in 1947–1964: The Nurses’ Health Study II, a prospective cohort study
Authors: Burchardt Norah A. , Shafrir Amy L. , Kaaks Rudolf , Tworoger Shelley S. , Fortner Renée T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOral contraceptives (OCs) have been associated with long-term lower endometrial cancer risk; relatively little is known about associations with more recent OC formulations and associations with longer-term risk. A total of 107,069 women from the Nurses’ Health Study II recalled OC use from age 13 to baseline (1989); biennial questionnaires updated data on OC use until 2009. OCs were classified by estrogen and progestin type, dose, and potency based on reported brand. 864 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified through 2017. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] for the association of OC use with endometrial cancer risk. OC use was associated with lower endometrial cancer risk (ever use, HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.65–0.91]; >10 years of use, 0.43 [0.32–0.58] vs. never OC use). Inverse associations for duration were evident regardless of time since last use. Longer durations (> 5 years) of ethinyl estradiol (0.52 [0.41–0.67]) and second-generation progestins (0.43 [0.30–0.61]), both versus never use, were more strongly associated with lower risk than mestranol (0.66 [0.50–0.88], p-het = 0.01) and first-generation progestins (0.62 [0.49–0.78], p-het = 0.03). Inverse associations were generally observed for cross-classified cumulative average estrogen and progestin dose and potency (< vs. ≥ median; ever use vs. never OC use), with the exception of high estrogen and low progestin dose. OCs were associated with lower endometrial cancer risk, independent of time since last use. Use of ethinyl estradiol and second-generation progestins were more strongly inversely associated with risk compared with older formulations.
DSC examination of cartilage damage of patients undergoing shoulder replacement
Authors: Bata András , Nöt László G. , Szabó Hajnalka , Cifra János , Lőrinczy Dénes 
Published: December 2020

AbstractShoulder replacement is a viable surgical treatment for comminuted proximal humerus fractures and shoulder osteoarthritis. Proper evaluation of hyaline cartilage is essential for the right choice of prosthesis; however, there are only a limited number of studies available investigating the cartilage of glenohumeral joint of patients undergoing shoulder replacement. We hypothesized that differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) could determine the grade of cartilage damage in patients undergoing reversed shoulder replacement, providing insights into the structural changes of the human cartilage samples. Sample of hyaline cartilage of glenohumeral joint was harvested during reversed shoulder replacement of orthopaedic and trauma patients. Thermal parameters were measured using DSC, and radiological examination of glenohumeral joint was also done prior to surgery. We have found that changes in thermal characteristics and DSC scans clearly indicate the severity of osteoarthritis and cartilage damage. The denaturation temperature range and the half-width of the heat flow curves were significantly wider in the orthopaedic samples compared to the control and traumatic ones. The calorimetric enthalpy (ΔHcal) exhibited significant differences in both pathologic samples, compared to the control. The melting temperatures (Tm) show that structural change caused by orthopaedic condition is greater than the effect of traumatic. Therefore, differential scanning calorimetry could help to determine the grade of cartilage damage in orthopaedic and trauma patients undergoing reversed shoulder replacement.
Enhancing the multi-dimensional assessment of quality of life: introducing the WHOQOL-Combi
Authors: Skevington Suzanne M. , Rowland Christine , Panagioti Maria , Bower Peter , Krägeloh Christian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction
We revisited the global concept of subjective quality of life (QoL) as assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF to investigate whether it could be elaborated into a conceptually more comprehensive instrument with good psychometric properties. Responding to a growing need for shorter QoL measures with broader social, spiritual and environmental contents, facets from WHOQOL international modules were examined for potential integration into the new WHOQOL-Combi.

Method
Adults over 65 years, diagnosed with one or more chronic diseases (n = 2833), completed 41 WHOQOL items during the CLASSIC survey; each item represented a WHOQOL facet. This pool of specific QoL facets contained 24 from the WHOQOL-BREF (excluding general items), and 17 from recent international WHOQOL short-form modules, selected for their generic properties. Rasch modelling reduced the final item pool when assessing the WHOQOL-Combi’s conceptual structure. Comparisons are made with the WHOQOL-BREF.

Results
Modelling confirmed the tenability of a 36-item solution scored as a five-domain profile, comprised of 24 WHOQOL-BREF facets and 12 new facets from modules. Social and psychological domains were strengthened by three facets, spiritual QoL by five, and physical QoL by one. The WHOQOL-Combi showed sound model fit, excellent internal consistency (α = .95), and scores discriminated between socio-demographic categories. Concurrent validity with the EQ-5D-5L was confirmed for physical and psychological domains. Performance was similar to the WHOQOL-BREF.

Conclusion
The WHOQOL-Combi offers a contemporary, comprehensive, integrated, multi-dimensional subjective QoL instrument with enhanced evaluations of social, spiritual, psychological and physical QoL. Acceptable to older people, future research should evaluate younger age groups and other cultures.
Complement Factor C5a Is Increased in Blood of Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Has Prognostic Potential for Aneurysm Growth
Authors: Zagrapan Branislav , Eilenberg Wolf , Scheuba Andreas , Klopf Johannes , Brandau Annika , Story Julia , Dosch Katharina , Hayden Hubert , Domenig Christoph M. , Fuchs Lukas , Schernthaner Rüdiger , Ristl Robin , Huk Ihor , Neumayer Christoph , Brostjan Christine 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this observational case-control study, circulating levels of complement factors C3a and C5a and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were analysed in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients regarding their association with diagnosis and prognosis. Serum C5a was significantly raised in AAA patients compared to healthy controls—median 84.5 ng/ml (IQR = 37.5 ng/ml) vs. 67.7 ng/ml (IQR = 26.2 ng/ml), p = 0.007—but was not elevated in patients with athero-occlusive disease. Serum C5a levels correlated significantly with the increase in maximum AAA diameter over the following 6 months (r = 0.319, p = 0.021). The median growth in the lowest quartile of C5a (< 70 ng/ml) was 50% less compared to the highest C5a quartile (> 101 ng/ml): 1.0 mm/6 months (IQR = 0.8 mm) vs. 2.0 mm/6 months (IQR = 1.5 mm), p = 0.014. A log-linear mixed model predicted AAA expansion based on current diameter and C5a level. To our knowledge, this is the first study linking complement activation, in particular C5a serum level, with AAA progression.
Graphical Abstract
Amerigo Vespucci's Contribution to the Modernization of Cartographic Representation
Authors: Pápay Gyula 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 2019, the Rostock University Library acquired the report by Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512) on transatlantic discoveries, which was published in 1505 by the city secretary Hermann Barckhusen (c 1460–1528/29) in Rostock under the title “Epistola Albericij. De novo mundo” [1505] and, unlike other editions, was published with a map. The special feature of the map is that it is the oldest map with a globular projection. Vespucci reported in a letter dated July 18, 1500 to Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici about his voyage 1499–1500, which is an important source for the fact that his longitude determinations contributed to the realization that the transatlantic discoveries were about a continent. The letter also contains evidence that Vespucci was the originator of the globular projection. This marked the beginning of a departure from ancient traditions regarding the projections for world maps. To enable the combined representation of the “old world” together with the “new world” in one map, Vespucci's projection was later modified into an oval map, which was used, for example, by Franzesco Rosselli, Sebastian Münster and Abraham Ortelius.
The mRNA Binding Proteome of Proliferating and Differentiated Muscle Cells
Authors: Hiller Monika , Geissler Miriam , Janssen George , van Veelen Peter , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , Spitali Pietro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Muscle formation is a coordinated process driven by extensive gene expression changes where single cells fuse together to form multinucleated muscle fibers. Newly synthesized mRNAs are then regulated by RNA binding proteins (RBPs), affecting post-transcriptional transcript metabolism. Here, we determined how large-scale gene expression changes affect the catalog of RBPs by studying proliferating and differentiated muscle cells in healthy and dystrophic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of more than 7000 genes was affected during myogenesis. We identified 769 RBPs, of which 294 were muscle-specific and 49 were uniquely shared with cardiomyocytes. A subset of 32 RBPs (half of which were muscle-specific) was found to be preferentially associated with target mRNAs in either myoblasts (MBs) or myotubes (MTs). A large proportion of catalytic proteins were bound to mRNAs even though they lack classical RNA binding domains. Finally, we showed how the identification of cell-specific RBPs enabled the identification of biomarkers that can separate healthy individuals from dystrophic patients. Our data show how interactome data can shed light on new basic RNA biology as well as provide cell-specific data that can be used for diagnostic purposes.
Medical transport-associated infection: Review and commentary making a case for its legitimacy
Authors: Schaps Diego , Joiner Anjni Patel , Anderson Deverick J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to summarize existing literature about healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in the medical transport environment and to define the term medical transport–associated infection (MTAI) to unify all previous work under a single umbrella with the objective of providing a standardized definition for future research. A review of the literature yielded 34 relevant articles. These studies show that there are pathogens in the ambulance environment, that emergency medical services (EMS) personnel do not regularly comply with hygiene practices, and that patients are potentially affected by HAI as a direct result of ambulance exposure. Prospective studies must be conducted to truly understand the impact that ambulance exposure has on HAIs. MTAI is a subset of HAI and is defined as any infection acquired as a direct effect of exposure in a medical transport setting.
Regional Politics and Ethnic Identity: How Silesian Identity Has Become Politicized
Authors: Muś Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEthnoregionalist movements across Western Europe are gaining scholarly attention. Central European states usually have limited places in those studies. Still, in Polish Upper Silesia, ethnoregionalist movements have been present since 1989 and have stable support from the inhabitants of the region. Since at least 2002, ethnoregionalists have attempted to secure political representation among the Upper Silesians. Recently registered parties have used the ethnic identity of this minority group as the main tool to gain support in political elections in the region. This article applies social science and political science perspectives to the politicization of ethnicity. These equip the researcher to answer the question: How has Silesian ethnic identity become politicized? In responding, the researcher explores the consequences of the emergence of the ethnoregionalist movement in Upper Silesia.
COLUMELLA 10.101: TWO EMENDATIONS
Authors: Kayachev Boris 
Published: December 2020

Columella invites his readers to plant different flowers, including violets—which will be the main focus of the following discussion (10.94–102):uerum ubi iam puro discrimine pectita tellusdeposito squalore nitens sua semina poscet, 95pangite tunc uarios, terrestria sidera, flores:candida leucoia et flauentia lumina caltae,narcissique comas et hiantis saeua leonisora feri, calathisque uirentia lilia canis,necnon uel niueos uel caeruleos hyacinthos. 100tum quae pallet humi, quae frondes purpurat auro,ponatur uiola, et nimium rosa plena pudoris.96 pangite Heinsius: pingite SAR || 99 nitentia Gesner || 101 frondes SA: frondens R | purpurat auro ϛ: purpura tabo SAR: purpura et auro Ursinus: purpurat albo HeinsiusThis is the text of Rodgers's recent OCT, but with a somewhat modified apparatus criticus. For the purposes of my argument, it will be useful also to quote from the outset a related catalogue of melliferous flowers from another book of Columella's treatise (9.4.4):
mille praeterea semina uel crudo caespite uirentia uel subacto sulco flores amicissimos apibus creant, ut sunt in uirgineo solo […] gladiolus narcissi. at in hortensi lira consita nitent candida lilia nec his sordidiora leucoia, tum Punicae rosae luteolaeque et Sarranae uiolae, nec minus caelestis luminis hyacinthus.There are a number of more general similarities, but the relevant point is that the two catalogues list many of the same flowers and describe them in similar ways, which means that one catalogue can serve as an interpretative guide to the other. The first two items in the prose list of garden flowers (nitent candida lilia nec his sordidiora leucoia) correspond to candida leucoia and calathisque uirentia lilia canis, similarly listed in the first half of the verse catalogue; nitent (lilia) can thus support Gesner's emendation nitentia for uirentia (lilia), unduly neglected by recent editors. The metaphoric periphrasis gladiolus narcissi can be compared with narcissique comas. Both texts describe the hyacinth as sky-blue, which seems to be otherwise unparalleled (nec minus caelestis luminis hyacinthus and necnon […] caeruleos hyacinthos: note also that in both cases the reference is introduced by a litotes). Finally, just like the prose list (tum Punicae rosae luteolaeque et Sarranae uiolae), Columella's poem groups roses with two varieties of violet (note also that both passages are introduced with tum):tum quae pallet humi, quae frondes purpurat auro,ponatur uiola, et nimium rosa plena pudoris.The prose version makes it all but certain that the poem should likewise refer to a yellow and a purple varieties of violet. While Columella's verse description of the former variety is fairly unambiguous (if not very informative), that of the latter raises questions.