bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictability and Uncertainty in the Pleasure of Music: A Reward for Learning?
Authors: Gold Benjamin P. , Pearce Marcus T. , Mas-Herrero Ernest , Dagher Alain , Zatorre Robert J. 
Published: October 2019

Music ranks among the greatest human pleasures. It consistently engages the reward system, and converging evidence implies it exploits predictions to do so. Both prediction confirmations and errors are essential for understanding one's environment, and music offers many of each as it manipulates interacting patterns across multiple timescales. Learning models suggest that a balance of these outcomes (i.e., intermediate complexity) optimizes the reduction of uncertainty to rewarding and pleasurable effect. Yet evidence of a similar pattern in music is mixed, hampered by arbitrary measures of complexity. In the present studies, we applied a well-validated information-theoretic model of auditory expectation to systematically measure two key aspects of musical complexity: predictability (operationalized as information content [IC]), and uncertainty (entropy). In Study 1, we evaluated how these properties affect musical preferences in 43 male and female participants; in Study 2, we replicated Study 1 in an independent sample of 27 people and assessed the contribution of veridical predictability by presenting the same stimuli seven times. Both studies revealed significant quadratic effects of IC and entropy on liking that outperformed linear effects, indicating reliable preferences for music of intermediate complexity. An interaction between IC and entropy further suggested preferences for more predictability during more uncertain contexts, which would facilitate uncertainty reduction. Repeating stimuli decreased liking ratings but did not disrupt the preference for intermediate complexity. Together, these findings support long-hypothesized optimal zones of predictability and uncertainty in musical pleasure with formal modeling, relating the pleasure of music listening to the intrinsic reward of learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAbstract pleasures, such as music, claim much of our time, energy, and money despite lacking any clear adaptive benefits like food or shelter. Yet as music manipulates patterns of melody, rhythm, and more, it proficiently exploits our expectations. Given the importance of anticipating and adapting to our ever-changing environments, making and evaluating uncertain predictions can have strong emotional effects. Accordingly, we present evidence that listeners consistently prefer music of intermediate predictive complexity, and that preferences shift toward expected musical outcomes in more uncertain contexts. These results are consistent with theories that emphasize the intrinsic reward of learning, both by updating inaccurate predictions and validating accurate ones, which is optimal in environments that present manageable predictive challenges (i.e., reducible uncertainty).
History of economic development and forest land-use in the Fako-Meme forest region of Cameroon
Authors: Mukete Nayombe Moto Theophilus 
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to investigating a number of issues within the forest landscape of the Fako-Meme, south west region of Cameroon. An assessment of the history of economic development and use of forest in the studied territory was carried out. It was observed that the rate at which these forests are been hewn down for various purposes under the pretext of development leaves much to be desired. The deforestation of the forest with the attendant problems of resource degradation, environmental mutation is a cause for alarm. In order to understand the mutations taking place in the forest landscape, the history of forest use in 4 different periods: 1) the pre-colonial era (before the arrival of European explorers), (2) German colonial rule (1884-1916), (3) British colonial rule (1916-1961) and (4) Independence and post Independence Cameroon (1961-present day). It was observed that during the pre-colonial era the forest landscapes were very stable. Forest degradation in the territory started with the introduction of extensive mechanized agriculture introduced by the colonial masters through the opening of large agro-industrial plantations of rubber, palms and bananas. This forest ecological region suffers from a number of challenges. These problems were investigated in detail with proposals made for the sustainable management of forest resources in this forest ecosystem situated in the heart of the humid tropical region of the South West of Cameroon. These forests provide for a wide range of human needs ; medicine, timber , fuel wood, non- timber forest products (NTFPs), food crop production and cash crop cultivation. The pattern of land-use change in the Fako-Meme region was studied in three distinctive periods (1978, 2000 and 2015). The results revealed that anthropogenic activities have been systematically raping the forest landscapes so that the environments are only a skeleton or shadow of their former selves. This is an ecological region in which forest gives way to farmlands and plantations. In this respect, we see that what was a forest landscape in the past is now consisting of a succession of cocoa farms, palm, rubber as well as other economic cash crop plantations, with cocoa being the most important cash crop in the region. Evidence from our analysis reveals that this region has lost 42% of its forest cover within the period 1978-2015. This dynamic can be considered catastrophic. If this trend continues uninterruptedly in the region, then in 60-70 years, the Fako-Meme and the slopes of Mount Cameroon will remain without forest. It is easy to imagine the consequences of this. The study calls for urgent adaptive environmental strategies for the sustainable management of forest and its resources in the region.
A cross-sectional study of the distribution of pediatric solid tumors at an Indian tertiary cancer centre
Authors: Patole Monali Madhukar 
Published: October 2019

Background: Pediatric solid tumors include a heterogeneous group of tumors, and the burden of these tumors, especially from resource-challenged countries, is not well described. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of solid tumors in children in an Indian tertiary cancer center.Methods: All patients under 12 years of age with histologically confirmed tumors presenting at a tertiary cancer center from January 2014 to January 2019 were identified from the hospital database. Patients with lymphomas, bone, and central nervous tumors were excluded. The demographic profile including age, sex distribution, and the treatment received were recorded for all patients. Results: The mean age of the eligible 153 patients was 5.7 years with majority (57.3%) in the 0-5 years age group. The male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1 with a male predominance in all tumors except germ cell tumors. Renal tumors were the most common tumors followed by neuroblastoma and soft tissue sarcoma, whereas germ cell and gonadal tumors formed only 8.49% of all tumors.Conclusions: Extracranial and extraosseous pediatric solid tumors include a wide range of tumors with a predilection for male sex and children below 4 years of age. Wilms tumors, neuroblastoma, and soft tissue sarcomas tumors are the most common tumors.
Study of glucose levels in newborn with reference to hypoglycemia
Authors: Eluzai Gaddam Zion , Poojitha K. 
Published: October 2019

Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the common metabolic problems in neonatal medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypoglycemia is important as many studies found that, hypoglycaemic episodes in neonates lead to neurodevelopmental and physical growth deficits. In this study, blood glucose levels at different time points were assessed and the influence of maternal blood glucose, mode of delivery, gestational age on neonatal blood glucose levels were studied.Methods: Blood glucose levels were low at 0 and 6th hour and maximum at 24th hour. The blood glucose levels ranged from 27 mg/dl to 140 mg/dl. Neonates with high maternal blood glucose were hypoglycaemic, showing a negative correlation.Results: The mean blood glucose levels were low in pre-term and post term babies compared to term and the range was wide in pre-term and term babies compared to post-term. The mean blood glucose levels were high and range was wide in babies delivered vaginally at all the time points compared to the babies delivered by LSCS. 17% babies were hypoglycaemic at birth but none of them had signs. The major signs noted were jitteriness (88%), high cry (88%), lethargy (55%), tremors (55%), limpness (22%), apathy (22%), weak cry (11%) and poor feeding (11%).Conclusions: 0 and 6th hour are the vulnerable time points for hypoglycaemia. Neonates with high maternal blood glucose, pre-term, post-term and babies delivered by LSCS were more prone for hypoglycaemia requiring blood glucose monitoring. There is a wide variation in signs of hypoglycaemia and babies showing signs require monitoring.
An observational study on papules over the face in elderly women above the age of fifty years
Authors: Thomas Vipul Paul , Thomas Jayakar 
Published: October 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Facial papules over the face occurring in women above fifty years can be of multiple aetiologies like infections, inflammatory causes and tumours either benign or malignant. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and histopathology only for conformation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross sectional study was done to evaluate the incidence of papules in women attending the dermatology OPD in a tertiary care hospital aged above 50 years of age. Interpretation of the findings included the frequency of various benign and malignant conditions and also if the papules where the reason for the consultation.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study majority of the patients had asymptomatic facial papules and had come to the dermatology OPD for other skin conditions. The most common cause for facial papules was compound nevus followed by dermatitis papulosa nigra. The age group most affected was within 61and 70 years of age.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study concluded that facial papules of benign neoplastic aetiology are the most prevalent in our population setting. Treatment is advised for symptomatic relief, cosmetic amelioration or malignancy prophylaxis.</p><p> </p>
The Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: The Role of Mediator of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Khalatbari Javad , Hemmati Sabet Vahid , Tabibzadeh Farinaz , Hemmati Sabet Akbar 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being in people with irritable bowel syndrome with mediating role of emotional regulation.
Methods: Research method according to the applied purpose, and the data collection method was a descriptive correlation and a quantitative data type. The statistical population of this study was all the patients with irritable bowel syndrome referring to Danesh Gastrointestinal Clinic in Tehran in 1396. The sample size was 390 participants selected by calculate sample size in structural equations and using a sample purposive sampling method. In order to measure the variables, personality traits Neo Costa & McGary (1992), Psychological well-being Ryff (1989), and of emotional regulation Gross and John (2003) questionnaires were used. Evaluation of the proposed model was done using structural equation modeling and SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL; Version 18 as well as Amos. The reliability, convergent validity and divergent validity of the questionnaire, were investigated. Moreover, path coefficients and software significance coefficients were used to examine the research hypotheses.
Results: The results showed that the degree of appropriateness of the proposed model was appropriate to the components of the research; personality traits and psychological well-being were found to be correlated with the role of mediator of emotional regulation in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (p <0.0001).
Conclusion: This research confirms the relationship between personality traits and psychological well-being with the mediating role of emotional regulation in people with irritable bowel syndrome. Because of Numerous scientific evidence in the ontology of this syndrome, further study on emotional skills and related problems in people with irritable bowel syndrome are required.
Barriers to Provision of NIDCAP in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nursing viewpoints
Authors: Dehghani Khadijeh , Vahedian Marzieh , Salmani Naiire 
Published: October 2019

Introdution: Newborn individualized developmental care and assessment program (NIDCAP) is emphasized. This study aimed to determining the barriers to implementation of NIDCAP from nurses' perspectives in neonatal intensive care units in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using a census sampling method. The samples were54 nurses working in the intensive care unit of Shahid Sadoughi and Afshar Hospitals in Yazd. Data were gathered using two questionnaires,( demographic and barrier assessment questionnaires) . Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 24 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test and fisher test.
Results: Results showed that in terms of mean and standard deviation, in the area barriers of sleep care, lack of skill (3.08± 1.28 ), In the area of pain and stress assessment management, lack of skill (2.86. ±1.31), in the area of activities of daily living and family-centered care, lack of effective communication with parents respectively (2.83 ± 1.39) and ( 2.86± 1.32), in the area of provision of healing environment, lack of standard light and sound in unit (2.76 ± 1.81) and in the area of organizational barriers, the disproportionate number of nurses to the patients (3.47±0.84) were identified as the most important barriers
Conclusion: Based on the findings, lack of skill, lack of effective communication with parents, lack of standard environment and disproportionate number of nurses and patients are the most important barriers to the implementation of NIDCAP in NICUs that managers need to plan appropriate design for addressing them.
Pendidikan Karakter Perilaku Sosial Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar dalam Keluarga di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Nida Taufiqqurahman 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi orang tua dan guru melalui kerjasama dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian studi komunitas. Populasi 500 orangtua siswa di 5 Kecamatan Kota Banjarmasin. Sampel adalah 200 orangtua siswa dengan menggunakan metode Snow balling. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara, observasi, partisipasi, dan dokumentasi. Data di verifikasi, melalui kredibilitas, transferabilitas, kriteria, konfirmasi, serta trianggulasi data dengan responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan dasar dan falsafah pendidikan karakter perilaku sosial yakni pengenalan dan pengamalan, dapat membangun karakter perilaku sosial siswa terhadap Agama, Pancasila, dan Budaya Banjar. Anak-anak dibimbing dan mendapat pedoman dengan keteladanan, disiplin, motivasi, pembiasaan, pelestarian dan pengembangan yang kondusif. Serta suasana pendidikan yang membantu mengembangkan lingkungan sosialnya. Dan orangtua memiliki pola untuk membimbing karakter perilaku sosial anak dengan menerapkan sikap kepemimpinan secara demokratis berdasarkan perkembangan karakter perilaku sosial anak. Kemudian oleh orangtua terbina secara harmonis karena adanya kerjasama dan penguatan pendidikan karakter dari sekolah dan guru-guru secara intensif dan kontinu.
El significado de οὐσία y εἶναι en Aristóteles
Authors: Beuchot Mauricio 
Published: October 2019

Hay graves dificultades en cuanto ala significacion de algunas palabras clave que construyen un sistema. Cuando el campo semántico de estas palabras resulta ambiguo y sus límites se diluyen, surgen interpretaciones divergentes del sistema mismo. Tal es el caso de Aristóteles, cuyo concepto central en metafísica -el de οὐσία- no se deja aprehender tan fácilmente, y parece prestarse a interpretaciones equívocas, que afectan la comprensión de su propio sistema o construcción metafísica. Intentaremos buscar una delimitación plausible del campo semántico de οὐσία, esperando que no resulte ser sólo una interpretación más, y en cierto modo distorsionante. Nuestro punto central de referencia será la οὐσία, y el εἶναι sera vistopor relación a ella. Procederemos guiándonos por dos problemas principales, que deberan ser despejados.
El campo semántico del temor en la <i>Septuaginta</i>, la ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ y la <i>Vulgata</i>
Authors: Suárez Marcela A. 
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo analiza el campo semántico del temor en algunos pasajes de la Septuaginta, la ΚΑΙΝΗ ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗ y la Vulgala, sobre la base del subcampo nominal, el subcampo verbal y los contextos inmediatos. De este modo, se intenta definir el valor de los lexemas de temor en términos de posición y oposición dentro del sistema semántico.
El mal y lo ilimitado en la filosofía de Proclo
Authors: Maurete Pablo 
Published: October 2019

Este artículo tiene por objetivo la interpretación del análisis que lleva a cabo Proclo de la naturaleza de los males, a la luz de dos principios fundamentales de su metafísica, como lo son el “límite” (péras) y lo “ilimitado” (ápeiron). Según Proclo los males existen únicamente en la multiplicidad sensible y subsisten asidos a algún bien, del cual se nutren y al cual corrompen. Por otra parte, los males son básicamente impulsos hacia lo inferior que llevan a las almas a hundirse en la materia, en lugar de ascender y retornar hacia su fuente de origen divina. La noción de ilimitado ayudará a entender este impulso hacia lo bajo y hacia lo múltiple, y procurará hacer evidente tanto la necesidad de los males como su insignificancia en la dinámica del todo.
Entre Sócrates y Descartes: hablar, leer y la naturaleza de la filosofía
Authors: Konstan David 
Published: October 2019

En sus Meditaciones, Descartes se aísla del mundo como la condición previa indispensable para la verdadera investigación filosófica. Nada más lejos del escenario de la filosofía clásica, que adopta regularmente forma conversacional —y no sólo en los diálogos de Platón—. En este artículo, exploro algunas diferencias entre la filosofía clásica y la cartesiana que son consecuencia de dos distintos modos de lectura: la antigua, interactiva y dialógica, frente a la moderna, en la que el lector se siente aislado del mundo y a solas con el texto.
La ciudad invisible de los clásicos. Entre Aulo Gelio e Italo Calvino
Authors: García Jurado Francisco 
Published: October 2019

La formulación de classicus para hablar sobre los mejores autores nace en el siglo ii de nuestra era. Surge a partir de un uso metafórico que adopta el sentido arcaico del término, pues classicus está referido en principio a una antigua división social establecida en Roma durante los tiempos del rey Servio Tulio sobre la base de la solvencia económica. Así pues, el uso metafórico designa a los mejores autores latinos arcaicos, como si fueran habitantes ideales de una antigua Roma literaria. El término va a sufrir muchas modificaciones, no ajenas al propio devenir de la Historia, hasta llegar a la última gran formulación, la de Italo Calvino, ya a finales del siglo xx. En pocas palabras, se evoluciona desde una concepción jerárquica a una abiertamente personal de la idea de “clásico”. A pesar de todos estos cambios, entre la primera y la última formulación hay, casualmente, un sorprendente hilo conductor: una ciudad invisible y un autor latino que habita en ella.
Cicerón, Marco Tulio, <i>Las Leyes</i>, traducción, introducción y notas de Carmen Teresa Pabón de Acuña, Madrid, Gredos (Biblioteca Clásica Gredos, 381), 2009
Authors: Pimentel Álvarez Julio 
Published: October 2019

A 500 metros de altitud, en una colina del valle del Liris, en la carretera que va de Roma a Nápoles, a 110 kilómetros de la primera y a 130 de la segunda, se encuentra Arpino, patria de Cicerón y de Mario. Marco Tulio eligió ese lugar como escenario de su diálogo sobre las leyes, importante complemento de su tratado sobre la república. Doña Carmen Teresa goza de una brillante trayectoria en la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, de Madrid, donde se desempeña como profesora en el área de la filología clásica. El trabajo de doña Carmen que ahora reseñamos consta de una introducción, repartida en cinco apartados: “Forma y contenido del tratado de Las Leyes”, “Repercusión del tratado de Las Leyes en su época y en la posteridad”, “Aportaciones morales y jurídicas”, “Transmisión del texto del tratado de Las Leyes, manuscritos más importantes” y “Traducciones y ediciones”.
Socratica 2008
Authors: Rossetti Livio 
Published: October 2019

On December 2008 an international conference entitled Socratica 2008. Seconde giornate di studio sulla letteratura socratica antica was held in Naples (Italy). The symposium was the follow-up of the Socratica meeting held in 2005 in Senigallia (the proceedings of which appeared in 2008). Another one is scheduled for 2011.
Los tratados de Hernando Ruíz de Alarcón. A Commentary upon El conjuro para cazar venados
Authors: Fellowes William H. 
Published: October 2019

Versa este trabajo acerca de "el conjuro para cazar venados", incluido en el célebre Tratado de las supersticiones... de Herrando Ruiz de Alarcón. Destaca Fellowes, como digno de interés, que en todo el texto del conjuro la palabra mazatl(venado) jamás se emplea. Después de analizar el texto completo y ofrecer su propia traducción comentada del original en náhuatl, concluye destacando las relaciones que existen entre este conjuro y la fiesta del "mes" de Quecholli, cuyas ceremonias se comenzaban en el templo de Mixcóatl y en cuyo día undécimo (de la vientena) todos iban a las montañas a cazar. Concluye el autor que puede tenerse como probable que este texto haya formado parte de la antigua liturgia asociada al "mes" de Quecholli.
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE UTILIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DA PODA E CORTE DE ARBÓREOS E GRAMÍNEAS NA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA TÉRMICA
Authors: Ruggiero Reinaldo , Santos Mayer Andrade 
Published: October 2019

Resumo Neste trabalho foi analisada a possibilidade de utilização de resíduos da biomassa oriundos de podas e cortes de árvores, e roçagem de gramíneas (massa verde), como possível combustível a ser usado em termoelétricas. Esses resíduos foram caracterizados quanto a composição (Lignina, Celulose/hemicelulose, Teor de umidade, Teor de cinzas, Teor de matéria orgânica, Teor de carbono TOC), análise térmica (TG, DTA e DSC) e conteúdo calorífico (Calor de combustão). A água presente no material, é o principal fator impeditivo de usar essa biomassa como combustível cerca de 10% no cavaco e 7% nas gramíneas. O calor de combustão do material foi de 4.048 kcal/Kg para as gramíneas e 4397 Kcal/Kg para o cavaco. A maior quantidade de lignina no cavaco 32 % contra 25% nas gramíneas explica essa diferença. Os resultados mostram a possibilidade de uso destas biomassas como combustível em termoelétricas, em tempos de crise hídrica quando a possibilidade de secagem quase completa do material é viável usando apenas insolação natural.