bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A general model system related to affine stochastic differential equations
Authors: Bernardi Enrico , Chuni Vinayak , Lanconelli Alberto 
Published: February 2020

We link a general method for modeling random phenomena using systems of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to the class of affine SDEs. This general construction emphasizes the central role of the Duffie–Kan system [Duffie and Kan, A yield-factor model of interest rates, Math. Finance 6 (1996) 379–406] as a model for first-order approximations of a wide class of nonlinear systems perturbed by noise. We also specialize to a two-dimensional framework and propose a direct proof of the Duffie–Kan theorem which does not passes through the comparison with an auxiliary process. Our proof produces a scheme to obtain an explicit representation of the solution once the one-dimensional square root process is assigned.
Fatty Acid Oxidation Controls CD8+ Tissue-Resident Memory T-cell Survival in Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Run , Zhang Hui , Yuan Yujie , He Qiong , Zhou Jianwen , Li Shuhua , Sun Yu , Li Daniel Y. , Qiu Hai-Bo , Wang Wei , Zhuang Zhehong , Chen Bin , Huang Yonghui , Liu Chuwei , Wang Yingzhao , Cai Shirong , Ke Zunfu , He Weiling 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

The success of checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment is associated with the infiltration of tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells. In this study, we found that about 30% of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the tumor microenvironment of gastric adenocarcinoma were CD69+CD103+ Trm cells. Trm cells were low in patients with metastasis, and the presence of Trm cells was associated with better prognosis in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Trm cells expressed high PD-1, TIGIT, and CD39 and represented tumor-reactive TILs. Instead of utilizing glucose, Trm cells relied on fatty acid oxidation for cell survival. Deprivation of fatty acid resulted in Trm cell death. In a tumor cell–T-cell coculture system, gastric adenocarcinoma cells outcompeted Trm cells for lipid uptake and induced Trm cell death. Targeting PD-L1 decreased fatty acid binding protein (Fabp) 4 and Fabp5 expression in tumor cells of gastric adenocarcinoma. In contrast, the blockade of PD-L1 increased Fabp4/5 expression in Trm cells, promoting lipid uptake by Trm cells and resulting in better survival of Trm cells in vitro and in vivo. PD-L1 blockade unleashed Trm cells specifically in the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. PDX mice that did not respond to PD-L1 blockade had less Trm cells than responders. Together, these data demonstrated that Trm cells represent a subset of TILs in the antitumor immune response and that metabolic reprogramming could be a promising way to prolong the longevity of Trm cells and enhance antitumor immunity in gastric adenocarcinoma.
Effects of Different Doses of Pralidoxime Administered During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and the Role of α‐Adrenergic Receptors in Its Pressor Action
Authors: Jung Yong Hun , Mamadjonov Najmiddin , Lee Hyoung Youn , Jeung Kyung Woon , Lee Byung Kook , Youn Chun Song , Heo Tag , Min Yong Il 
Published: February 2020

Background
We previously reported that pralidoxime facilitated restoration of spontaneous circulation by potentiating the pressor effect of epinephrine. We determined the optimal dose of pralidoxime during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and evaluated the involvement of α‐adrenoceptors in its pressor action.

Methods and Results

Forty‐four pigs randomly received 1 of 3 doses of pralidoxime (40, 80, or 120 mg/kg) or saline placebo during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, including epinephrine administration. Pralidoxime at 40 mg/kg produced the highest coronary perfusion pressure, whereas 120 mg/kg of pralidoxime produced the lowest coronary perfusion pressure. Restoration of spontaneous circulation was attained in 4 (36.4%), 11 (100%), 9 (81.8%), and 3 (27.3%) animals in the saline, 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg groups, respectively (
P
<0.001). In 49 rats, arterial pressure response to 40 mg/kg of pralidoxime was determined after saline, guanethidine, phenoxybenzamine, or phentolamine pretreatment, and the response to 200 mg/kg pf pralidoxime was determined after saline, propranolol, or phentolamine pretreatment. Pralidoxime at 40 mg/kg elicited a pressor response. Phenoxybenzamine completely inhibited the pressor response, but guanethidine and phentolamine did not. The pressor response of pralidoxime was even greater after guanethidine or phentolamine pretreatment. Pralidoxime at 200 mg/kg produced an initial vasodepressor response followed by a delayed pressor response. Unlike propranolol, phentolamine eliminated the initial vasodepressor response.

Conclusions
Pralidoxime at 40 mg/kg administered with epinephrine improved restoration of spontaneous circulation rate by increasing coronary perfusion pressure in a pig model of cardiac arrest, whereas 120 mg/kg did not improve coronary perfusion pressure or restoration of spontaneous circulation rate. The pressor effect of pralidoxime was unrelated to α‐adrenoceptors and buffered by its vasodepressor action mediated by sympathoinhibition.
Estimating the Distribution of Treatment Effects From Random Design Experiments
Authors: Rhodes William , Gaes Gerald 
Published: February 2020

Background: Random design experiments are a powerful device for estimating average treatment effects, but evaluators sometimes seek to estimate the distribution of treatment effects. For example, an evaluator might seek to learn the proportion of treated units who benefit from treatment, the proportion who receive no benefit, and the proportion who are harmed by treatment. Method: Imbens and Rubin (I&R) recommend a Bayesian approach to drawing inferences about the distribution of treatment effects. Drawing on the I&R recommendations, this article explains the approach; provides computing algorithms for continuous, binary, ordered and countable outcomes; and offers simulated and real-world illustrations. Results: This article shows how the I&R approach leads to bounded uncertainty intervals for summary measures of the distribution of treatment effects. It clarifies the nature of those bounds and shows that they are typically informative. Conclusions: Despite identification issues, bounded solutions provide useful insight into the distribution of treatment effects. We recommend that evaluators incorporate analyses of the distribution of treatment effects into new studies and that evaluators revisit completed studies to estimate the distribution of treatment effects.
Sustained release of vancomycin from bacterial cellulose membrane as dural substitutes for anti-inflammatory wound closure in rabbits
Authors: Xu Chen , Zhao Jianwei , Gong Qiuyuan , Chen Shiwen 
Published: February 2020

To reduce the incidence of infection after craniocerebral operation, a type of bacterial cellulose, which can be used as a promising vehicle for the sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose, was implanted in the rabbit with a dural defect. We manufactured artificial dura mater using bacterial cellulose that was fermented and incubated in Acetobacter xylinum. After bacterial cellulose membrane and vancomycin were heated to boiling in anhydrous ethanol, the decompressive, antimicrobial nature, physical properties, drug release in vitro and bacteriostasis of sustained release of vancomycin were tested. Then, the inflammatory effects and histocompatibility of both materials were examined by immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. It shows that the sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose has good elasticity and pressure compliance. Sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose can release vancomycin smoothly and slowly in normal saline from 12 to 203 h. The concentration increases at first for 131 h and then remains unchanged with another 72 h. Sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose can inhibit the colon formation of Staphylococcus aureus for about 120 h. The antibacterial tests showed that sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose can inhibit the colon formation of S. aureus for about 120 h, while control standard paper can inhibit the colon formation of S. aureus for only 72 h. The levels of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α along with cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase were higher in the normal bacterial cellulose group than the sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose group seven days after implantation. These data indicated that the sustained release of vancomycin bacterial cellulose can improve the central system infection after implantation effectively.
Prevalence and risk factors of exit-site infection in incident peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Lin Jianxiong , Ye Hongjian , Li Jianying , Qiu Yagui , Wu Haishan , Yi Chunyan , Lu Shuchao , Chen Jingjing , Mao Haiping , Huang Fengxian , Yu Xueqing , Yang Xiao 
Published: February 2020

Background: Exit-site infection (ESI) is a common complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Clearly understanding the risk factors may be useful for the prevention of ESI. This study was to explore the prevalence and risk factors of ESI in incident PD patients. Methods: We evaluated ESI in incident PD patients who had catheter insertion in our center between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013, with follow-up for 1 year. We collected data on demographics, clinical features, and nursing care methods of the exit site (ES). Results: We recruited 1133 incident PD patients (687 male (60.6%); mean age 47.0 ± 15.1 years), and 245 (21.6%) had diabetes. Median follow-up was 12.0 months. One hundred and thirty-one patients had 139 episodes of ESI with a rate of 92.8 patient-months per episode (0.13 episodes per year). Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the main pathogen, accounting for 33.8% of the ESIs. Gram-positive rods, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, fungi, and other organisms accounted for 23.0%, 15.8%, 1.4%, 1.4%, and 2.9%, respectively. No bacterial growth was found in 15.1%. There were no differences in demographic and laboratory data (age, gender, primary kidney disease, hemoglobin, white blood cell, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and C-reactive protein) between the ESI and non-ESI groups. Poor competency of ES care, poor catheter immobilization, history of catheter-pulling injury, and mechanical stress on the ES were significantly associated with increased risk of ESI. Conclusions: The prevalence of ESI was 0.13 episodes per year. Poor competency of ES care, catheter mobilization, history of catheter-pulling injury, and mechanical stress by waist belt or the protective bag of PD on ES were risk factors for ESI.
The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Treatment Gap: A National Study of Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Havnes Ingrid Amalia , Jørstad Marie Lindvik , McVeigh Jim , Van Hout Marie-Claire , Bjørnebekk Astrid 
Published: February 2020

Background: Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) use is associated with serious mental and physical health problems. Evidence indicates that AAS use among people who use psychoactive substances is higher than in the general population. This study aims to estimate lifetime AAS use among patients in substance use disorder (SUD) treatment, compare characteristics of AAS and non-AAS users and identify whether AAS use was addressed during treatment. Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 563 (142 women, 24.2%) patients in 38 SUD treatment facilities in Norway. Respondents reported on AAS and substance use, and treatment experiences. Results: Lifetime AAS use was reported by 156 (28.3%) SUD patients, thereof 35.6% of the men and 8.0% of the women. Lifetime AAS use was highest among men with stimulants (55.8%) as preferred substance, and lowest among men who preferred alcohol (14.6%). Initiation of AAS use due to getting thinner following substance use was reported by 44.5% of the AAS using men. AAS users reported more severe substance use than non-AAS users. More than half (58%) of all patients had not been asked about AAS use, and 42.4% of those who were asked, experienced that treatment providers lacked expertise about AAS. Conclusion: Lifetime AAS use in this sample of SUD patients is common practice and comprise an underrecognized problem in SUD treatment. Given the deleterious implications to the individual and society that concomitant use of AAS may cause, it would be essential to raise the awareness about AAS use among SUD patients, and the level of competence among health professionals.
White matter lesion location correlates with disability in relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gaetano Laura , Magnusson Baldur , Kindalova Petya , Tomic Davorka , Silva Diego , Altermatt Anna , Magon Stefano , Müller-Lenke Nicole , Radue Ernst-Wilhelm , Leppert David , Kappos Ludwig , Wuerfel Jens , Häring Dieter A , Sprenger Till 
Published: February 2020

Background Lesion location is a prognostic factor of disease progression and disability accrual. Objective To investigate lesion formation in 11 brain regions, assess correlation between lesion location and physical and cognitive disability measures and investigate treatment effects by region. Methods In 2355 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients from the FREEDOMS and FREEDOMS II studies, we extracted T2-weighted lesion number, volume and density for each brain region; we investigated the (Spearman) correlation in lesion formation between brain regions, studied association between location and disability (at baseline and change over 2 years) using linear/logistic regression and assessed the regional effects of fingolimod versus placebo in negative binomial models. Results At baseline, the majority of lesions were found in the supratentorial brain. New and enlarging lesions over 24 months developed mainly in the frontal and sublobar regions and were substantially correlated to pre-existing lesions at baseline in the supratentorial brain ( p = 0.37–0.52), less so infratentorially ( p = −0.04–0.23). High sublobar lesion density was consistently and significantly associated with most disability measures at baseline and worsening of physical disability over 24 months. The treatment effect of fingolimod 0.5 mg was consistent across the investigated areas and tracts. Conclusion These results highlight the role of sublobar lesions for the accrual of disability in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis.
The origins of dengue and chikungunya viruses in Ecuador following increased migration from Venezuela and Colombia
Authors: Maljkovic Berry Irina , Rutvisuttinunt Wiriya , Sippy Rachel , Beltran-Ayala Efrain , Figueroa Katherine , Ryan Sadie , Srikanth Abhinaya , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Endy Timothy , Jarman Richard G. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
In recent years, Ecuador and other South American countries have experienced an increase in arboviral diseases. A rise in dengue infections was followed by introductions of chikungunya and Zika, two viruses never before seen in many of these areas. Furthermore, the latest socioeconomic and political instability in Venezuela and the mass migration of its population into the neighboring countries has given rise to concerns of infectious disease spillover and escalation of arboviral spread in the region.

Results
We performed phylogeographic analyses of dengue (DENV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) virus genomes sampled from a surveillance site in Ecuador in 2014–2015, along with genomes from the surrounding countries. Our results revealed at least two introductions of DENV, in 2011 and late 2013, that initially originated from Venezuela and/or Colombia. The introductions were subsequent to increases in the influx of Venezuelan and Colombian citizens into Ecuador, which in 2013 were 343% and 214% higher than in 2009, respectively. However, we show that Venezuela has historically been an important source of DENV dispersal in this region, even before the massive exodus of its population, suggesting already established paths of viral distribution. Like DENV, CHIKV was introduced into Ecuador at multiple time points in 2013–2014, but unlike DENV, these introductions were associated with the Caribbean. Our findings indicated no direct CHIKV connection between Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela as of 2015, suggesting that CHIKV was, at this point, not following the paths of DENV spread.

Conclusion
Our results reveal that Ecuador is vulnerable to arbovirus import from many geographic locations, emphasizing the need of continued surveillance and more diversified prevention strategies. Importantly, increase in human movement along established paths of viral dissemination, combined with regional outbreaks and epidemics, may facilitate viral spread and lead to novel virus introductions. Thus, strengthening infectious disease surveillance and control along migration routes and improving access to healthcare for the vulnerable populations is of utmost importance.
Transcriptome analysis of postharvest blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum ‘Duke’) in response to cold stress
Authors: Zhang Fan , Ji Shujuan , Wei Baodong , Cheng Shunchang , Wang Yajuan , Hao Jia , Wang Siyao , Zhou Qian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is a small berry with high economic value. Although cold storage can extend the storage time of blueberry to more than 60 days, it leads to chilling injury (CI) displaying as pedicle pits; and the samples of 0 °C-30 days was the critical point of CI. However, little is known about the mechanism and the molecular basis response to cold stress in blueberry have not been explained definitely. To comprehensively reveal the CI mechanisms in response to cold stress, we performed high-throughput RNA Seq analysis to investigate the gene regulation network in 0d (control) and 30d chilled blueberry. At the same time, the pitting and decay rate, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) proline content and GSH content were measured.

Results
Two cDNA libraries from 0d (control) and 30d chilled samples were constructed and sequenced, generating a total of 35,060 unigenes with an N50 length of 1348 bp. Of these, 1852 were differentially expressed, with 1167 upregulated and 685 downregulated. Forty-five cold-induced transcription factor (TF) families containing 1023 TFs were identified. The DEGs indicated biological processes such as stress responses; cell wall metabolism; abscisic acid, gibberellin, membrane lipid, energy metabolism, cellular components, and molecular functions were significantly responsed to cold storage. The transcriptional level of 40 DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR.

Conclusions
The postharvest cold storage leads serious CI in blueberry, which substantially decreases the quality, storability and consumer acceptance. The MDA content, proline content, EL increased and the GSH content decreased in this chilled process. The biological processes such as stress responses, hormone metabolic processes were significantly affected by CI. Overall, the results obtained here are valuable for preventing CI under cold storage and could help to perfect the lack of the genetic information of non-model plant species.
Global identification and analysis revealed differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with meiosis and low fertility in autotetraploid rice
Authors: Li Xiang , Shahid Muhammad Qasim , Wen Minsi , Chen Shuling , Yu Hang , Jiao Yamin , Lu Zijun , Li Yajing , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Autotetraploid rice is a useful germplasm for polyploid rice breeding. Our previous research showed that non-coding RNAs might be associated with low fertility in autotetraploid rice. However, little information is available on long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the low fertility of autotetraploid rice. In the present study, RNA-seq was employed to detect the differentially expressed meiosis-related lncRNAs in autotetraploid rice, and gene overexpression and knock out experiments were used to validate the potential function of candidate lncRNA.

Results
A total of 444 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DEL) were detected during anther and ovary meiosis in autotetraploid rice. Of these, 328 DEL were associated with the transposable elements, which displayed low expression levels during meiosis in autotetraploid rice. We used rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) assay to validate 10 DEL and found that the lncRNAs were not assembly artifacts, and six of them were conserved in tetraploid rice. Moreover, 237 and 20 lncRNAs were associated with pollen mother cell (PMC) and embryo sac mother cell (EMC) meiosis in autotetraploid rice, respectively. The differential expressions of some meiosis-related targets and its DEL regulator, including MEL1 regulated by TCONS_00068868, LOC_Os12g41350 (meiotic asynaptic mutant 1) by TCONS_00057811 in PMC, and LOC_Os12g39420 by TCONS_00144592 in EMC, were confirmed by qRT-PCR. TCONS_00057811, TCONS_00055980 and TCONS_00130461 showed anther specific expression patterns and were found to be highly expressed during meiosis. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of lncRNA57811 displayed similar morphology compared to wild type. The overexpression of lncRNA57811 resulted in low pollen fertility (29.70%) and seed setting (33%) in rice.

Conclusion
The differential expression levels of lncRNAs, associated with transposable elements and meiosis-regulated targets, might be endogenous noncoding regulators of pollen/embryo sac development that cause low fertility in autotetraploid rice. The results enhance our understanding about rice lncRNAs, and facilitate functional research in autotetraploid rice.
Use of potentially inappropriate medication and polypharmacy in older adults: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Thorell Kristine , Midlöv Patrik , Fastbom Johan , Halling Anders 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
With age, the number of chronic conditions increases along with the use of medications. For several years, polypharmacy has been found to be on the increase in western societies. Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug events (ADE). Medications called potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) have also been found to increase the risk of ADEs in an older population. In this study, which we conducted during a national information campaign to reduce PIM, we analysed the prevalence of PIM in an older adult population and in different strata of the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy and how that prevalence changed over time.

Methods
This is a registry-based repeated cross-sectional study including two cohorts. Individuals aged 75 or older listed at a primary care centre in Blekinge on the 31st March 2011 (cohort 1, 15,361 individuals) or on the 31st December 2013 (cohort 2, 15,945 individuals) were included in the respective cohorts. Using a chi2 test, the two cohorts were compared on the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Use of five or more medications at the same time was the definition for polypharmacy.

Results
Use of PIM decreased from 10.60 to 7.04% (p-value < 0.001) between 2011 and 2013, while prevalence of five to seven chronic conditions increased from 20.55 to 23.66% (p-value < 0.001). Use of PIM decreased in all strata of the variables age, gender number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Except for age 80–84 and males, where it increased, prevalence of polypharmacy was stable in all strata of the variables.

Conclusions
Use of potentially inappropriate medications had decreased in all variables between 2011 and 2013; this shows the possibility to reduce PIM with a focused effort.
Polypharmacy does not increase significantly compared to the rest of the population.