bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategically influencing an uncertain future
Authors: Govaert Alain , Cao Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany of today’s most pressing societal concerns require decisions which take into account a distant and uncertain future. Recent developments in strategic decision-making suggest that individuals, or a small group of individuals, can unilaterally influence the collective outcome of such complex social dilemmas. However, these results do not account for the extent to which decisions are moderated by uncertainty in the probability or timing of future outcomes that characterise the valuation of a (distant) uncertain future. Here we develop a general framework that captures interactions among uncertainty, the resulting time-inconsistent discounting, and their consequences for decision-making processes. In deterministic limits, existing theories can be recovered. More importantly, new insights are obtained into the possibilities for strategic influence when the valuation of the future is uncertain. We show that in order to unilaterally promote and sustain cooperation in social dilemmas, decisions of generous and extortionate strategies should be adjusted to the level of uncertainty. In particular, generous payoff relations cannot be enforced during periods of greater risk (which we term the “generosity gap”), unless the strategic enforcer orients their strategy towards a more distant future by consistently choosing “selfless” cooperative decisions; likewise, the possibilities for extortion are directly limited by the level of uncertainty. Our results have implications for policies that aim to solve societal concerns with consequences for a distant future and provides a theoretical starting point for investigating how collaborative decision-making can help solve long-standing societal dilemmas.
Two-omics data revealed commonalities and differences between Rpv12- and Rpv3-mediated resistance in grapevine
Authors: Chitarrini Giulia , Riccadonna Samantha , Zulini Luca , Vecchione Antonella , Stefanini Marco , Larger Simone , Pindo Massimo , Cestaro Alessandro , Franceschi Pietro , Magris Gabriele , Foria Serena , Morgante Michele , Di Gaspero Gabriele , Vrhovsek Urska 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPlasmopara viticola is the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew (DM). DM resistant varieties deploy effector-triggered immunity (ETI) to inhibit pathogen growth, which is activated by major resistance loci, the most common of which are Rpv3 and Rpv12. We previously showed that a quick metabolome response lies behind the ETI conferred by Rpv3 TIR-NB-LRR genes. Here we used a grape variety operating Rpv12-mediated ETI, which is conferred by an independent locus containing CC-NB-LRR genes, to investigate the defence response using GC/MS, UPLC, UHPLC and RNA-Seq analyses. Eighty-eight metabolites showed significantly different concentration and 432 genes showed differential expression between inoculated resistant leaves and controls. Most metabolite changes in sugars, fatty acids and phenols were similar in timing and direction to those observed in Rpv3-mediated ETI but some of them were stronger or more persistent. Activators, elicitors and signal transducers for the formation of reactive oxygen species were early observed in samples undergoing Rpv12-mediated ETI and were paralleled and followed by the upregulation of genes belonging to ontology categories associated with salicylic acid signalling, signal transduction, WRKY transcription factors and synthesis of PR-1, PR-2, PR-5 pathogenesis-related proteins.
Label-free detection of rare circulating tumor cells by image analysis and machine learning
Authors: Wang Shen , Zhou Yuyuan , Qin Xiaochen , Nair Suresh , Huang Xiaolei , Liu Yaling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDetection and characterization of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients' blood is important for the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. The traditional way of counting CTCs via fluorescent images requires a series of tedious experimental procedures and often impacts the viability of cells. Here we present a method for label-free detection of CTCs from patient blood samples, by taking advantage of data analysis of bright field microscopy images. The approach uses the convolutional neural network, a powerful image classification and machine learning algorithm to perform label-free classification of cells detected in microscopic images of patient blood samples containing white blood cells and CTCs. It requires minimal data pre-processing and has an easy experimental setup. Through our experiments, we show that our method can achieve high accuracy on the identification of rare CTCs without the need for advanced devices or expert users, thus providing a faster and simpler way for counting and identifying CTCs. With more data becoming available in the future, the machine learning model can be further improved and can serve as an accurate and easy-to-use tool for CTC analysis.
Cooperation and Competition among information on social networks
Authors: Zhu Zhiqiang , Gao Chang , Zhang Yumeng , Li Hainan , Xu Jin , Zan Yongli , Li Zhi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhen multiple information are spread on social networks, there may be Cooperation and Competition among these information. Based on a new spreading model of multiple information, we studied Cooperation and Competition in information spreading, and analyzed the influence of different factors on Cooperation and Competition. Through a large number of computer simulation experiments, we found that: (1) when multiple information are spread on social networks, there is Cooperation and Competition among these information; (2) the smaller the distance between two information sources is, the stronger the Cooperation and Competition among these information are; (3) the greater the value of social reinforcement is, the stronger the Cooperation and Competition among these information are; (4) the weaker the human heterogeneity of one information is, the stronger the Cooperation and Competition among this information and other information are.
How shape-based anthropometry can complement traditional anthropometric techniques: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thelwell Michael , Chiu Chuang-Yuan , Bullas Alice , Hart John , Wheat Jon , Choppin Simon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractManual anthropometrics are used extensively in medical practice and epidemiological studies to assess an individual's health. However, traditional techniques reduce the complicated shape of human bodies to a series of simple size measurements and derived health indices, such as the body mass index (BMI), the waist-hip-ratio (WHR) and waist-by-height0.5 ratio (WHT.5R). Three-dimensional (3D) imaging systems capture detailed and accurate measures of external human form and have the potential to surpass traditional measures in health applications. The aim of this study was to investigate how shape measurement can complement existing anthropometric techniques in the assessment of human form. Geometric morphometric methods and principal components analysis were used to extract independent, scale-invariant features of torso shape from 3D scans of 43 male participants. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine whether novel shape measures can complement anthropometric indices when estimating waist skinfold thickness measures. Anthropometric indices currently used in practice explained up to 52.2% of variance in waist skinfold thickness, while a combined regression model using WHT.5R and shape measures explained 76.5% of variation. Measures of body shape provide additional information regarding external human form and can complement traditional measures currently used in anthropometric practice to estimate central adiposity.
First-principles investigation of LaMg2Ni and its hydrides
Authors: Jiang Weiqing , Chen Yujie , Mo Xiaohua , Li Xinglang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing first-principles density functional theory calculations, the electronic structures of LaMg2Ni and its hydrides LaMg2NiH4.5 (intermediate phase) and LaMg2NiH7 (fully hydrogenated phase), as well as the H adsorption on LaMg2Ni (100) surface were investigated. For comparision, the atomic bonding characteristics of Co- and Pd-doped LaMg2Ni, LaMg2NiH4.5 and LaMg2NiH7 compounds were also studied. Our aim is to provide new insights into the hydrogenation of LaMg2Ni. The results show that the metallic intermediate hydride LaMg2NiH4.5 with Ni–H covalent bonds may act as the precursor state from the host compound LaMg2Ni to the full hydride LaMg2NiH7. Upon LaMg2Ni hydrogenation, the suppression of Mg–Ni and Ni–H interactions as well as the formation of La-H bonds favors for LaMg2Ni–H formation.
DNA methylation of the INSR gene as a mediator of the association between prenatal exposure to famine and adulthood waist circumference
Authors: Wang Zhenghe , Song Jieyun , Li Changwei , Li Yanhui , Shen Luqi , Dong Bin , Zou Zhiyong , Ma Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to explore whether DNA methylation at INSR and IGF2 mediated the association of prenatal exposure to the Chinese great famine with adulthood waist circumference (WC) and BMI. A total of 235 subjects were selected into the present study from severely affected province and a neighbor province with less severely affected famine in China through multi-stage clustered random sampling. DNA methylation at the INSR and IGF2 gene promoter regions was detected by the Sequenom’s MassARRAY system. The “mediation” package of R was used to evaluate the mediation effect of DNA methylation on the association between prenatal exposure to the famine and adult WC and BMI. The results showed that prenatal famine exposure was significantly associated with higher overall methylation level of the INSR gene (d = 3.6%; 95% CI 1.2–6.0; P = 0.027) and larger adulthood WC (d = 2.72 cm; 95% CI 0.20–5.24; P = 0.034). Furthermore, famine significantly increased methylation levels at four CpG sites. Methylation of the CpG7 site mediated 32.0% (95% CI 5.0–100.0%, P = 0.029) of the association between prenatal exposure to the Chinese great famine and adulthood WC. In conclusion, Epigenetic changes to the INSR might mediate the adverse effect of prenatal famine exposure on WC in adulthood.
Chemical evidence of rare porphyrins in purple shells of Crassostrea gigas oyster
Authors: Bonnard Michel , Cantel Sonia , Boury Bruno , Parrot Isabelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe colour of oyster shells is a very diverse characteristic morphotype, forming intriguing vivid patterns both on the inside and outside of the shell. In the present study, we have identified for the first time, the presence of several porphyrins as constituents of the shell pigmentation of the Crassostrea gigas oyster consumed worldwide. The precise molecular structures of halochromic, fluorescent and acid-soluble porphyrins, such as uroporphyrin and turacin, are unambiguously determined by reverse phase liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry. Their presence account for the purple colouration of shells but also for the dark colouration of adductor muscle scars. We have also defined the endogenous origin of these porphyrins, specifically secreted or accumulated by the shell forming tissue. These findings are pioneering analytical proofs of the existence of the haem pathway in the edible oyster Crassostrea gigas, evidenced by the chemical identification of haem side-products and supported by the recent publication of the corresponding oyster genome.
Systemic lipid dysregulation is a risk factor for macular neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Bonelli Roberto , Woods Sasha M. , Ansell Brendan R. E. , Heeren Tjebo F. C. , Egan Catherine A. , Khan Kamron N. , Guymer Robyn , Trombley Jennifer , Friedlander Martin , Bahlo Melanie , Fruttiger Marcus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMacular Telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel) is an uncommon bilateral retinal disease, in which glial cell and photoreceptor degeneration leads to central vision loss. The causative disease mechanism is largely unknown, and no treatment is currently available. A previous study found variants in genes associated with glycine–serine metabolism (PSPH,PHGDHandCPS1) to be associated with MacTel, and showed low levels of glycine and serine in the serum of MacTel patients. Recently, a causative role of deoxysphingolipids in MacTel disease has been established. However, little is known about possible other metabolic dysregulation. Here we used a global metabolomics platform in a case–control study to comprehensively profile serum from 60 MacTel patients and 58 controls. Analysis of the data, using innovative computational approaches, revealed a detailed, disease-associated metabolic profile with broad changes in multiple metabolic pathways. This included alterations in the levels of several metabolites that are directly or indirectly linked to glycine–serine metabolism, further validating our previous genetic findings. We also found changes unrelated to PSPH, PHGDH and CPS1 activity. Most pronounced, levels of several lipid groups were altered, with increased phosphatidylethanolamines being the most affected lipid group. Assessing correlations between different metabolites across our samples revealed putative functional connections. Correlations between phosphatidylethanolamines and sphingomyelin, and glycine–serine and sphingomyelin, observed in controls, were reduced in MacTel patients, suggesting metabolic re-wiring of sphingomyelin metabolism in MacTel patients. Our findings provide novel insights into metabolic changes associated with MacTel and implicate altered lipid metabolism as a contributor to this retinal neurodegenerative disease.
A new class of lightweight, stainless steels with ultra-high strength and large ductility
Authors: Moon Joonoh , Ha Heon-Young , Kim Kyeong-Won , Park Seong-Jun , Lee Tae-Ho , Kim Sung-Dae , Jang Jae Hoon , Jo Hyo-Haeng , Hong Hyun-Uk , Lee Bong Ho , Lee Young-Joo , Lee Changhee , Suh Dong-Woo , Han Heung Nam , Raabe Dierk , Lee Chang-Hoon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSteel is the global backbone material of industrialized societies, with more than 1.8 billion tons produced per year. However, steel-containing structures decay due to corrosion, destroying annually 3.4% (2.5 trillion US$) of the global gross domestic product. Besides this huge loss in value, a solution to the corrosion problem at minimum environmental impact would also leverage enhanced product longevity, providing an immense contribution to sustainability. Here, we report a leap forward toward this aim through the development of a new family of low-density stainless steels with ultra-high strength (> 1 GPa) and high ductility (> 35%). The alloys are based on the Fe–(20–30)Mn–(11.5–12.0)Al–1.5C–5Cr (wt%) system and are strengthened by dispersions of nano-sized Fe3AlC-type κ-carbide. The alloying with Cr enhances the ductility without sacrificing strength, by suppressing the precipitation of κ-carbide and thus stabilizing the austenite matrix. The formation of a protective Al-rich oxide film on the surface lends the alloys outstanding resistance to pitting corrosion similar to ferritic stainless steels. The new alloy class has thus the potential to replace commercial stainless steels as it has much higher strength at similar formability, 17% lower mass density and lower environmental impact, qualifying it for demanding lightweight, corrosion resistant, high-strength structural parts.
Potential role of compost mixed biochar with rhizobacteria in mitigating lead toxicity in spinach
Authors: Zafar-ul-Hye Muhammad , Tahzeeb-ul-Hassan Muhammad , Abid Muhammad , Fahad Shah , Brtnicky Martin , Dokulilova Tereza , Datta Rahul , Danish Subhan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractConsumption of heavy metals, especially lead (Pb) contaminated food is a serious threat to human health. Higher Pb uptake by the plant affects the quality, growth and yield of crops. However, inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with a mixture of organic amendments and biochar could be an effective way to overcome the problem of Pb toxicity. That’s why current pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compost mixed biochar (CB) and ACC deaminase producing PGPR on growth and yield of spinach plants under artificially induced Pb toxicity. Six different treatments i.e., control,Alcaligenes faecalis(PGPR1),Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(PGPR2), compost + biochar (CB), PGPR1 + CB and PGPR2 + CB were applied under 250 mg Pb kg-1soil. Results showed that inoculation of PGPRs (Alcaligenes faecalisandBacillus amyloliquefaciens) alone and along with CB significantly enhanced root fresh (47%) and dry weight (31%), potassium concentration (11%) in the spinach plant. Whereas, CB + Bacillus amyloliquefacienssignificantly decreased (43%) the concentration of Pb in the spinach root over control. In conclusion, CB + Bacillus amyloliquefacienshas the potential to mitigate the Pb induced toxicity in the spinach. The obtained result can be further used in the planning and execution of rhizobacteria and compost mixed biochar-based soil amendment.
Propofol abolishes torsade de pointes in different models of acquired long QT syndrome
Authors: Ellermann Christian , Könemann Hilke , Wolfes Julian , Rath Benjamin , Wegner Felix K. , Willy Kevin , Dechering Dirk G. , Reinke Florian , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is conflicting evidence regarding the impact of propofol on cardiac repolarization and the risk of torsade de pointes (TdP). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the risk of propofol-induced TdP and to investigate the impact of propofol in drug-induced long QT syndrome. 35 rabbit hearts were perfused employing a Langendorff-setup. 10 hearts were perfused with increasing concentrations of propofol (50, 75, 100 µM). Propofol abbreviated action potential duration (APD90) in a concentration-dependent manner without altering spatial dispersion of repolarization (SDR). Consequently, no proarrhythmic effects of propofol were observed. In 12 further hearts, erythromycin was employed to induce prolongation of cardiac repolarization. Erythromycin led to an amplification of SDR and triggered 36 episodes of TdP. Additional infusion of propofol abbreviated repolarization and reduced SDR. No episodes of TdP were observed with propofol. Similarly, ondansetron prolonged cardiac repolarization in another 13 hearts. SDR was increased and 36 episodes of TdP occurred. With additional propofol infusion, repolarization was abbreviated, SDR reduced and triggered activity abolished. In this experimental whole-heart study, propofol abbreviated repolarization without triggering TdP. On the contrary, propofol reversed prolongation of repolarization caused by erythromycin or ondansetron, reduced SDR and thereby eliminated drug-induced TdP.
A falciform ligament flap surface sealing technique for laparoscopic and robotic-assisted liver surgery
Authors: Rahimli M. , Perrakis A. , Schellerer V. , Andric M. , Stockheim J. , Lorenz E. , Franz M. , Arend J. , Croner R. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhether sealing the hepatic resection surface after liver surgery decreases morbidity is still unclear. Nevertheless, various methods and materials are currently in use for this procedure. Here, we describe our experience with a simple technique using a mobilized falciform ligament flap in minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS). We retrospectively analyzed the charts from 46 patients who received minor MILS between 2011 and 2019 from the same surgical team in a university hospital setting in Germany. Twenty-four patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection, and 22 patients received robotic-assisted liver resection. Sixteen patients in the laparoscopic group and fourteen in the robotic group received a falciform ligament flap (FLF) to cover the resection surface after liver surgery. Our cohort was thus divided into two groups: laparoscopic and robotic patients with (MILS + FLF) and without an FLF (MILS−FLF). Twenty-eight patients (60.9%) in our cohort were male. The overall mean age was 56.8 years (SD 16.8). The mean operating time was 249 min in the MILS + FLF group vs. 235 min in the MILS−FLF group (p = 0.682). The mean blood loss was 301 ml in the MILS + FLF group vs. 318 ml in the MILS−FLF group (p = 0.859). Overall morbidity was 3.3% in the MILS + FLF group vs. 18.8% in the MILS−FLF group (p = 0.114). One patient in the MILS−FLF group (overall 2.2%), who underwent robotic liver surgery, developed bile leakage, but this did not occur in the MILS + FLF group. Covering the resection surface of the liver after minor minimally invasive liver resection with an FLF is a simple and cost-effective technique that does not prolong surgical time or negatively affect other perioperative parameters. In fact, it is a safe add-on step during MILS that may reduce postoperative morbidity. Further studies with larger cohorts will be needed to substantiate our proof of concept and results.
Reference growth curves for normal appendiceal diameter in childhood
Authors: Fukuta Atsuhisa , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Sadashima Eiji , Inoue Takayuki , Muramori Katsumi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the appendiceal diameter (AD) and age, sex, height, and body weight in children and to verify how does the normal AD grows in childhood. We evaluated the AD of patients younger than 16 years of age who underwent laparoscopic surgery at our hospital. We statistically examined the relationship between the AD and the age, sex, height, and weight. A final cohort of 188 patients participated in the study. The median AD for the sample population was 5 mm (range, 3.2–8.1). There was no significant difference in the AD between males and females in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.500). There was a positive correlation between the age and the AD (R = 0.396, P < 0.001). The AD had a significant positive correlation with the height and weight (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). The reference curve with regard to the AD can be useful in clinical situations, although it should be kept in mind that the range of individual differences in AD is large, and the growth degree by age is not uniform during childhood.
A machine learning framework for multi-hazards modeling and mapping in a mountainous area
Authors: Yousefi Saleh , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Emami Sayed Naeim , Pouyan Soheila , Eskandari Saeedeh , Tiefenbacher John P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study sought to produce an accurate multi-hazard risk map for a mountainous region of Iran. The study area is in southwestern Iran. The region has experienced numerous extreme natural events in recent decades. This study models the probabilities of snow avalanches, landslides, wildfires, land subsidence, and floods using machine learning models that include support vector machine (SVM), boosted regression tree (BRT), and generalized linear model (GLM). Climatic, topographic, geological, social, and morphological factors were the main input variables used. The data were obtained from several sources. The accuracies of GLM, SVM, and functional discriminant analysis (FDA) models indicate that SVM is the most accurate for predicting landslides, land subsidence, and flood hazards in the study area. GLM is the best algorithm for wildfire mapping, and FDA is the most accurate model for predicting snow avalanche risk. The values of AUC (area under curve) for all five hazards using the best models are greater than 0.8, demonstrating that the model’s predictive abilities are acceptable. A machine learning approach can prove to be very useful tool for hazard management and disaster mitigation, particularly for multi-hazard modeling. The predictive maps produce valuable baselines for risk management in the study area, providing evidence to manage future human interaction with hazards.