bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Purification of Bell and Multipartite GHZ States via Weak Measurement
Authors: Harraz Sajede , Cong Shuang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMaximally entangled states are crucial for various quantum information processing, yet their quality suffers from entanglement loss due to decoherence. In this paper, a direct purification technique that utilizes weak measurement and requires only two copies of the entangled state is proposed. The method involves transforming the damped entangled state with weak measurements and then applying a direct purification process. This approach yields a maximally entangled state with a certain probability. In the context of Bell state purification, two weak measurement‐based operations designed to convert amplitude‐damped Bell states into the desired state for direct purification method are presented. The first operation is applied prior to the noisy channel, while the second is employed after the noisy channel. Through comprehensive analysis, the performances of these two schemes are evaluated and compared and benchmarked them against a pioneering weak measurement‐based scheme. The findings demonstrate that the proposed methods exhibit superior performance in terms of both fidelity and probability. Additionally, a novel technique for purifying multipartite amplitude‐damped Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states is introduced, which existing methods cannot address. By employing only two copies of the entangled states and harnessing the unique advantages of weak measurement operations, the method achieves both resource efficiency and effectiveness.
Evaluating the Potential of Information and Communication Technologies to Increase Aquaculture Sustainability
Authors: Alsaleh Mohd , Wang Xiaohui , Nan Zhang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFocusing on environmental and ecological concerns, the European Union (EU27) ranks as the world's fifth‐largest aquaculture producer. Acknowledging the necessity of enhancing productivity and competitiveness, the EU recognizes the importance of investing in the sustainability and growth of the aquaculture industry. Thus, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) elements on the development of the aquaculture sector within the European Union (EU13) and the European Union (EU14) from 1990 to 2023. To address potential endogeneity issues, this research employs Cross‐Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS‐ARDL) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators. The findings reveal significant insights. It is evident that, in comparison to emerging EU13 countries, developed EU14 countries place greater importance on ICT, human capital, and governance in facilitating the growth of the aquaculture industry. On the other hand, compared to EU14 developed countries, carbon dioxide emissions seem to be a major contributor to the deterioration of the aquaculture sector in EU13 developing countries. It is advised that policymakers in the EU13 countries give priority to projects that support ICT development, improve human capital, and put in place efficient governance procedures in light of these results. The EU14 countries' officials are encouraged to concentrate on promoting economic development in the aquatic industry and easing the anticipated expansion of aquaculture in the interim.
A Binary siRNA‐Loaded Tetrahedral DNA Nanobox for Synergetic Anti‐Aging Therapy
Authors: Yue Ziqi , Yang Yichen , Nie Lulingxiao , Sun Yuezhang , Wang Qi , Lin Yunfeng , Gao Yang , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractExtensive accumulation of senescent cells contributes to organismal aging, and slowing down the process of cellular senescence may ameliorate age‐related pathologies. Targeted inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is found to suppress the conversion of cells to senescence. The regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR (Raptor), a key component of mTORC1, has been implicated as important in the aging process, and its druggability deserves to be investigated. Due to high efficiency and high convenience in drug construction, siRNA shows great potential in silencing Raptor expression via RNA interfering therapy. Here, we developed a functionalized anti‐aging nanoplatform based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) encapsulating siRNA targeting Raptor for synergistic anti‐aging therapy, named siR‐TDNbox. Anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of TDN beneficially attenuate age‐associated inflammation while serving as siRNA nanocarrier, and thus play a binary role. The results suggest that the siR‐TDNbox binary therapeutic nanoplatform has demonstrated an excellent ability to delay aging, inhibit mTORC1 signaling, and extend lifespan. This anti‐aging nanoplatform may provide a medium for the combined application of traditional senotherapeutic drugs and promote the upgrading of nanomaterials with anti‐aging effects.
WD‐XRF Determination of Gold in Geological Samples: An Eco‐Friendly Pre‐Concentration Method
Authors: Maurya Ashok Kumar , Deb Barman Piyali , Kumar Abhishek , Yadav Upendra , Pandey Ashish Kumar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a novel approach for gold analysis in soil and rock samples using wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence. The method offers advantages over traditional techniques like fire assay and MIBK extraction by being less labor‐intensive, environmentally friendly, and achieving lower limits of detection of 20–70 μg/kg depending on matrix of sample. The method involves pre‐concentration steps including aqua regia digestion, evaporation of filtrate and pressed pellet preparation, followed by WD‐XRF analysis to quantify gold content. The instrumental parameters for optimal signal‐to‐background ratio were determined. To ensure precise measurements, the calibration curve was created using specially made pressed pellets of gold‐spiked hematite ore samples. These samples contained known amounts of gold and matched the matrix of the pellets being analyzed. The proposed method demonstrates good accuracy and precision, making it a viable alternative for gold exploration and mining activities.
Ward Design, Coercion and Aggression in Psychiatric (Intensive) Care
Authors: van der Kruijff Eric Noorthoorn , van der Schaaf Petra , Doedens Paul , Lamers Bas , Thomas Bart 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe healing environment is a social psychological concept developed in the 1970s and 1980s for general hospital wards. In the Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries, these concepts were introduced in mental health care in the architectural design of Psychiatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). This chapter first provides a historical overview of the concept of PICUs, then a historical overview of the healing environment. This is followed by a selection of studies looking into the association of ward design with mental health and some studies relating aggression to ward design. To wrap up, we provide an example of redesigning a PICU from the perspective of an architect and a ward nurse.
Safety and Security: A Delicate Balance
Authors: Doedens Paul , Wikman Sofia , Kuper Hadassah , Bilgin Hülya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSafety and security are essential concepts for everyone involved in mental health care. Safety means the absence of potential harm, while security refers to the protection against deliberate, external threats. The focus on the management of safety and security changes from Safety-I (avoiding that something goes wrong) to Safety-II (ensuring that everything goes right). Due to societal dilemmas, clinical practice needs to address safety and security for everyone involved in mental services, instead of primarily safety and security of professionals. The primary focus of safety management should be on relational safety and security, instead of procedural and environmental safety and security. Several organisational innovations, such as High Intensive Care, Six Core Strategies, and Safewards, assist in ensuring safety and security for all involved. People working or staying in mental health wards need to be safe and secure but also need to feel safe and secure.
Pharmacological Approaches for Managing Inpatient Aggression
Authors: Mistler Lisa A. , Baker John A. , Mihai Adriana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the high prevalence of use, evidence for the efficacy of the pharmacological management of aggressive inpatient behaviour is currently lacking. As such, when psychiatric emergencies occur and medications become necessary, medication should be as non-traumatic and non-coercive as possible and client preference should guide choice of type and route of administration of medication. A broad range of pharmacological approaches to manage psychiatric inpatient aggression has been investigated and are described in this chapter. We briefly summarise pertinent systematic reviews and guidelines and recommend general approaches to manage inpatient aggression based on these. Behavioural and pharmacological management of aggression on psychiatric wards ideally involves patients as partners as early in the process as possible.
Coercion in Contemporary Mental Health Services: Key Concepts, Historical Development and Contextual Factors
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , de Almeida José Miguel Caldas , Richter Dirk , Whittington Richard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce some of the key ideas relating to the use of coercion in mental health services around the world. This introduction focuses upon clarifying the key terms in the area, providing an historical overview of the topic, and considering current evidence on contextual factors which are linked to high and low rates of coercion. We also consider attempts to estimate coercion rates in different countries around the world and start to examine the question of whether coercion can ever be justified on the basis of ‘best interest’. Finally, we note some of the interventions which have shown the most promise in enabling organisations to reduce their reliance on coercive interventions and move towards a fully human rights-based approach to mental health care. This chapter therefore provides a basis for consideration of the many issues raised throughout this volume.
Reducing Involuntary Admissions
Authors: Maguire Jim , Hatling Trond , Kjus Solveig 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvoluntary admission or detention of persons is a controversial though widespread practice in modern mental health services. Accordingly, for decades now, there have been calls and initiatives to try to reduce the practice. Human rights-based mental health care has gained considerable momentum in recent decades and integral to that approach is the push for reduction or abolition of coercive practices within psychiatry. A key juncture in this movement has been the formulation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006, in particular, articles 12 and 14, which call respectively for equal recognition of persons with disabilities before the law, and for those persons not to be deprived of their liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily. This chapter discusses the concept and practice of involuntary admission, and the views and experiences of some who have assisted with, or who have been subject to such admissions. It considers some of the authoritative stipulations of the CRPD and the feasibility of implementing them in legislation and practice. Concepts of advance directives and supported versus substitute decision-making are analysed. It looks at justifications offered for the continued use of involuntary admission and concludes with an examination of the better known initiatives to reduce involuntary detention rates.
Optimising Policy Synergies: The Role of Tax Incentives in International Trade and Investment
Authors: Chaisse Julien 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter comprehensively analyses tax incentives and their impacts on trade and investment, focusing on the need to balance policy objectives in different jurisdictions. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between tax incentives and foreign direct investment (FDI) within the international legal framework governed by Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), World Trade Organisation’s Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), and Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs). It examines the concept of performance requirements and their role in tax-incentive policies, emphasising the lessons learned and implications for modern BITs. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the development of appropriate institutions for tax incentives, highlighting the importance of identifying incentives and requirements tailored to local economies. It delves into the interplay among BITs, TRIMs, and ASCM, providing insights into designing tax incentive regimes that strike a balance between promoting investments, safeguarding trade interests, and ensuring equitable outcomes. The chapter also addresses the future of tax incentives and performance requirements, advocating the adoption of naturally attractive incentives, promoting stability and predictability in tax incentive regimes, and fostering transparency and accountability to build trust and credibility. By employing a qualitative approach and comparative analysis, this chapter offers a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay among international legal frameworks, national policy objectives, and strategic choices in economic development paths. It concludes by presenting major legal lessons derived from the analysis and emphasising the need for a balanced and context-specific approach to tax incentives. This chapter serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, legal scholars, and practitioners seeking to navigate the complexities of tax incentives and to contribute to the development of sustainable and inclusive economies while complying with international legal obligations.
Kompetenz- und Bedarfsoptimierte Lehrstrategie
Authors: Strasser Alexandra , Motzet Rudolf , Stahl Karsten 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit der Covid-19-Pandemie wird den Lehrenden immer wieder empfohlen, das Beste aus den zwei Welten „Online-“ und „Präsenz“-Lehre in die eigene Lehre zu integrieren. Aber woran erkennen Lehrende, an welcher Stelle sich eher analoge, digitale, asynchrone oder synchrone Lehrelemente anbieten? Ziel des Projekts „NewNormal – Kompetenz- und Bedarfsoptimierte Lehrstrategie“ war es, hierfür kriterienbasierte Empfehlungen zu entwickeln. Grundgedanke des Projekts war es, den Digitalisierungsgrad der Lehrvermittlung an den Bedürfnissen der Studierenden, den zu erwerbenden Kompetenzen und dem Studienverlauf anzupassen. Bei den Bedürfnissen werden die drei Grundbedürfnisse soziale Eingebundenheit, Kompetenzerleben und Autonomie nach Ryan und Deci (2000) verwendet. Es wird vermutet, dass diese je nach Phase im Studium unterschiedlich wichtig sind. Erprobt und evaluiert wurden diese Annahmen im Grundlagenstudium des Bachelorstudiengangs Maschinenwesen an der TUM. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter anderem, dass sowohl die Studierenden als auch die Lehrenden mit der Wahl der Lehrformate zufrieden sind und das Gefühl haben, dass die gewählten Formate gut geeignet für die Vermittlung der jeweilig angestrebten Kompetenzen sind. Darüber hinaus liefern sie Hinweise dafür, dass die Berücksichtigung der Bedürfnisse der Studierenden ein wichtiger Faktor für die Zufriedenheit und Motivation der Studierenden ist.
Portfolio-Prüfungen – die Patentlösung für kompetenzorientiertes Prüfen?
Authors: Fischer Sabine , Jung Simone , Fisch Karina 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungPortfolio-Prüfungen werden immer beliebter. Das Projekt THDKomPort an der Technischen Hochschule Deggendorf hat Portfolio-Prüfungen im Rahmen verschiedener Pilotveranstaltungen evaluiert. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden konstatiert: Je nach Ausgestaltung der Lehrveranstaltung ergeben sich positive Effekte auf das studentische Lernen. Portfolio-Prüfungen gehen jedoch mit einem höheren Workload für Studierende und Lehrende einher. Insgesamt wurde das Potenzial von Portfolio-Prüfungen in den Pilotveranstaltungen nicht immer voll ausgeschöpft. Portfolio-Prüfungen sind ein gutes Instrument für Kompetenzorientiertes Prüfen, wenn Lehrveranstaltungen im Sinne von Constructive Alignment geplant und höhere Kompetenzniveaus abgebildet werden. Portfolio-Prüfungen werden daher vor allem für Lehrveranstaltungen, bei denen ein breites Spektrum an Kompetenzen in höheren kognitiven Niveaus erworben werden soll, empfohlen. Voraussetzung ist zudem eine Sensibilisierung der Lehrenden für Constructive Alignment.
Explainable automated debugging via large language model-driven scientific debugging
Authors: Kang Sungmin , Chen Bei , Yoo Shin , Lou Jian-Guang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutomated debugging techniques have the potential to reduce developer effort in debugging. However, while developers want rationales for the provided automatic debugging results, existing techniques are ill-suited to provide them, as their deduction process differs significantly froof human developers. Inspired by the way developers interact with code when debugging, we propose Automated Scientific Debugging (AutoSD), a technique that prompts large language models to automatically generate hypotheses, uses debuggers to interact with buggy code, and thus automatically reach conclusions prior to patch generation. In doing so, we aim to produce explanations of how a specific patch has been generated, with the hope that these explanations will lead to enhanced developer decision-making. Our empirical analysis on three program repair benchmarks shows that AutoSDperforms competitively with other program repair baselines, and that it can indicate when it is confident in its results. Furthermore, we perform a human study with 20 participants to evaluate AutoSD-generated explanations. Participants with access to explanations judged patch correctness more accurately in five out of six real-world bugs studied. Furthermore, 70% of participants answered that they wanted explanations when using repair tools, and 55% answered that they were satisfied with the Scientific Debugging presentation.
Group Decision Making in Multiobjective Optimization: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Pajasmaa Juuso , Miettinen Kaisa , Silvennoinen Johanna 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGroup decision making has been studied from several viewpoints and a variety of methods has been proposed. However, in the literature on solving multiobjective optimization problems, the main focus has been on supporting a single decision maker. We conducted a systematic literature review to examine and synthesize the state-of-the-art of multiobjective optimization methods developed for group decision making. We analyze group decision making methods of multiobjective optimization according to how preferences of several decision makers are incorporated into the solution process, how to select the most preferred solution for the group, different types of decision makers, types of groups and how the group is to operate during the solution process. In addition, we identify the key issues in the literature that are required to be considered in further method development to increase the methods’ applicability in solving real-world problems. Finally, we guide how to select a method for solving real-world multiobjective optimization problems with multiple decision makers and suggest future research directions.
Accelerated life in academic capitalism: PhD student’s time experience in project work
Authors: Chen Xinyue , Huang Jinghui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the context of accelerated knowledge production, projectification is a typical form of work under academic capitalism, profoundly reshaping the practice and conditions of academic research. The doctoral students’ experience of time in research projects contributes to understand the consequences of the extension of the time system within projectification to the doctoral student in academic capitalism. Based on semi-structured interviews with 12 doctoral students, this article explores what kind of discomforts and difficulties pose for doctoral students caused by time constraints in projects and how they cope with the challenges. Employing 4C (Compress, Commodification, Control, Colonisation) model of project time, four patterns of negative effects caused by time conflicts are summarised. By the lens of value orientation, considering four modes of strategies to time tension depending on whether achievement-oriented or self-care-oriented, students are identified as Balancers, Realists, the Resilient, and Avoiders. This article develops the application of the 4C model in doctoral students’ academic time regimes and the four modes of their strategies, which contributes to an understanding of doctoral students’ perceptions of temporal tension in projectification and their initiative embedded in structural conditions of the academic capitalism.
Researchers’ Practice and Perception of Research Ethics and the Role of Institutional Support: Insights From a pan-European Researcher Survey
Authors: Berghaeuser Hendrik , Prass Max , Lindner Ralf 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch Ethics is a key element of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI). In spite of an increased interest in this topic there is little empirical evidence about scientists’ practice and perception of Research Ethics. Drawing on a large-scale survey among 4,180 European researchers we present unique insights into Research Ethics activities, researchers’ motivation for ethical behavior, the perceived barriers and benefits as well as the role of institutional support. According to the survey results, most researchers consider ethical issues in their research projects and see it as part of good research practice or are convinced that research must be ethical. Perceived benefits of Research Ethics are higher quality of scientific outputs, higher social relevance of research, increased societal impact and a changed approach to risk. Barriers to ethics activities are particularly seen in the absence of institutional support and incentives. With regard to institutional support, we show that offers and infrastructures of Research Performing Organisations for Research Ethics are not well known among the employed researchers in general. Through a regression analysis about the influence of institutional support on Research Ethics we see at the same time that the provision of an Ethics team that researchers can address and the existence of a policy for designing ethical values and principles into research practice have a positive influence on researchers to engage in Research Ethics activities. The results underlines the importance of low-threshold services and personal contacts for researchers with ethical questions.