bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sweet alyssum flowers and their volatile compounds on Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in the laboratory
Authors: Renkema Justin M. , Smith Darsy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a major global pest of soft fruit crops. Based on field observations, we tested in the laboratory whether sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima (L.)) flower volatiles and their major constituent compounds, acetophenone and benzaldehyde, repelled D. suzukii flies. Volatiles from cut flowers and acetophenone reduced numbers of D. suzukii attracted to raspberries, and acetophenone reduced numbers of larvae in the raspberries. Testing of sweet alyssum plantings or dispensing acetophenone to repel D. suzukii in fields and lower fruit infestation should be conducted.
An endoscopic treatment strategy for superficial tumors in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nishio Masafumi , Hirasawa Kingo , Ozeki Yuichiro , Sawada Atsushi , Ikeda Ryosuke , Fukuchi Takehide , Kobayashi Ryosuke , Makazu Makomo , Sato Chiko , Kunisaki Reiko , Maeda Shin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic resection is feasible for superficial tumors in patients with ulcerative colitis; however, endoscopic resection options have not been evaluated comprehensively. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection, and decision making regarding endoscopic resection options for patients with ulcerative colitis.MethodsEndoscopically treated tumors from patients with ulcerative colitis were analyzed retrospectively. We evaluated en bloc and R0 resection, adverse events, local tumor recurrence, and metachronous lesion occurrence rates.ResultsWe examined 102 tumors (mean size, 12 mm; non‐polypoid, 55 tumors) from 74 patients with ulcerative colitis, of whom, 39 and 63 underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection, respectively. The R0 resection rate was significantly higher for endoscopic submucosal dissection (97%) than for endoscopic mucosal resection (80%) (P = 0.0015). For 11–20‐mm tumors, the R0 resection rate was significantly higher for endoscopic submucosal dissection (94%) than for endoscopic mucosal resection (55%) (P = 0.0027); the endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection R0 rates did not differ for ≤ 10‐mm tumors. The non‐polypoid tumor R0 resection rates were significantly higher for endoscopic submucosal dissection (100%) than for endoscopic mucosal resection (65%) (P < 0.001) and did not differ regarding the polypoid tumor R0 resection rates (75% vs 86%, P = 0.49). Four patients experienced intraoperative perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection. No local recurrences occurred. Metachronous high‐grade dysplasia occurred in three patients during surveillance.ConclusionsIn patients with ulcerative colitis, endoscopic submucosal dissection is suitable for ≥ 11‐mm and non‐polypoid tumors, whereas endoscopic mucosal resection is acceptable for ≤ 10‐mm tumors.
Detergent‐insoluble inclusion constitutes the first pathology in PFN1 transgenic rats
Authors: Yuan Guixiu , Cui Shiquan , Chen Xuan , Song Haochang , Huang Cao , Tong Jianbin , Yuan Zhentin , Yu Lin , Xiong Xinrui , Zhao Jihe , Huang Bo , Wu Qinxue , Zhou Yibo , Chen Gong , Zhou Hongxia , Xia Xu‐Gang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMutation of profilin 1 (PFN1) can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To assess how PFN1 mutation causes the disease, we created transgenic rats with human genomic DNA that harbors both the coding and the regulatory sequences of the human PFN1 gene. Selected transgenic lines expressed human PFN1 with or without the pathogenic mutation C71G at a moderate and a comparable level and in the similar pattern of spatial and temporal expression to rat endogenous PFN1. The artificial effects of arbitrary transgene expression commonly observed in cDNA transgenic animals were minimized in PFN1 transgenic rats. Expression of the mutant, but not the wild type, human PFN1 in rats recapitulated the cardinal features of ALS including the progressive loss of motor neurons and the subsequent denervation atrophy of skeletal muscles. Detergent‐insoluble PFN1 inclusions were detected as the first pathology in otherwise asymptomatic transgenic rats expressing mutant human PFN1. The findings suggest that protein aggregation is involved in the neurodegeneration of ALS associated with PFN1 mutation. The resulting rat model is useful to mechanistic study on the ALS.
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Octreotide and lanreotide decrease ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by improving oxidative and nitrosative stress
Authors: Kalyoncu Senol , Yilmaz Bulent , Demir Mustafa , Tuncer Meltem , Bozdag Zehra , Ince Onur , Akif Bozdayi Mehmet , Ulusal Hasan , Taysi Seyithan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the protective effect of octreotide and lanreotide on ovarian damage in experimental ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury.MethodsFifty‐six rats were separated into seven groups; group 1: sham group, group 2: surgical control group with 3‐h torsion and detorsion, group 3: 0.02 mg/kg s.c. octreotide 30 min before 3‐h torsion, group 4; octreotide just after detorsion for 7 days, group 5: octreotide 30 min before torsion and just after detorsion for 7 days, group 6: single time 20 mg/kg s.c. lanreotide before torsion, group 7: single time lanreotide just after detorsion.ResultsAll histopathological scores except congestion were significantly lower in group 1 than other groups. In addition, hemorrhage (group 2 vs 4: P < 0.05), degeneration (group 2 vs 4: P < 0.05, group 2 vs 5: P < 0.01 and group 2 vs 6: P < 0.05) and total damage score (group 2 vs 4: P < 0.05, group 2 vs 5: P < 0.05, group 2 vs 6: P < 0.05 and group 2 vs 7: P < 0.05) were significantly lower than other groups. Moreover, ovarian tissue total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels were significantly decreased in groups 5 (both P < 0.05) and 7 (both P < 0.05) when compared to group 2. Furthermore, tissue levels of peroxynitrite were significantly higher in group 2 than groups 1, 3 and 5 (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsOctreotide and lanreotide have a protective role against ischemia–reperfusion damage in rat torsion detorsion model by improving histopathological and biochemical findings including tissue levels of total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and peroxynitrite.
Four‐dimensional oral health‐related quality of life impact in children: A systematic review
Authors: Omara Maisa , Stamm Tanja , Bekes Katrin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an important dental patient‐reported outcome which is commonly based on 4 dimensions, namely Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance and Psychosocial Impact. The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is the most used OHRQoL instrument designed for adults; nevertheless, it is used off‐label for children as well. Our aim was to describe the OHRQoL impact on children measured by OHIP and map the information to the 4‐dimensions framework of OHRQoL. A systematic literature review following the PRISMA statement was conducted to include studies assessing OHRQoL of children ≤ 18 years using OHIP. The OHIP seven‐domain information was converted to the OHRQoL 4‐dimension scores accompanied by their means and 95% confidence interval. Risk of bias was assessed using a six‐item modified version of quality assessment tool for prevalence studies. We identified 647 articles, after abstracts screening, 111 articles were reviewed in full text. Twelve articles were included, and their information was mapped to the 4‐dimensional OHRQoL. Most included studies had low risk of bias. OHRQoL highest impact was observed for Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, and Orofacial Appearance for children with: Decayed‐Missing‐Filled‐Surface (DMFS) of ≥10, anterior tooth extraction without replacement and untreated fractured anterior teeth, respectively. Across all oral health conditions, Psychosocial Impact was less affected than the other three dimensions. OHIP has been applied to a considerable number of children and adolescents within the literature. One instrument and a standardised set of 4‐OHRQoL dimensions across the entire lifespan seem to be a promising measurement approach in dental and oral medicine.
Negative density‐dependent dispersal in tsetse (Glossina spp): red flag or red herring?
Authors: Hargrove J. W. , Vale G. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA deterministic model of the distribution of tsetse flies (Glossina spp) was used to assess the extent to which the efficacy of control operations would be affected by three different modes of density dependence in per capita adult dispersal: (i) density‐independent dispersal which has been commonly adopted in previous models, (ii) positive density‐dependent dispersal which has occasionally been discussed in the tsetse literature, (iii) negative density‐dependent dispersal (NDDD). The last has recently been suggested, from genetic studies, to change the dispersal rate of tsetse by up to 200‐fold, thereby posing a severe risk for the success of tsetse control operations. Modelling outputs showed that NDDD poses no such risk, provided the mean daily dispersal of tsetse is below about 1 km, which is greater than any rate actually recorded in the field or indicated by the genetic studies. NDDD can be problematic only if tsetse disperse at rates that appear highly unlikely, or even impossible, on energetic grounds. Under some circumstances these high rates would help rather than hinder the control officer. NDDD is not necessary to explain the results of control operations, and not sufficient to explain the results of successful control programmes.
Chemical plasticity in the fine root construct of Quercus spp. varies with root order and drought
Authors: Suseela Vidya , Tharayil Nishanth , Orr Galya , Hu Dehong 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Fine roots of trees exhibit varying degree of plasticity to adapt to environmental stress. Although the morphological and physiological plasticity of roots has been well studied, less known are the accompanying changes in the chemical composite (chemical plasticity) of fine roots, which regulates both root function and soil carbon sequestration.

We investigated the changes in quantity, composition and localization of phenolic compounds in fine root orders of Quercus alba and Quercus rubra subjected to drought stress.

In both species the total quantity of lignins varied only by root orders, where the distal (first and second) root orders had lower lignin compared to higher orders. Despite a lower lignin content, the distal root orders had higher content of guaiacyl lignin and bound phenolics that would provide a greater meshing of lignocellulosic matrix, and thus a higher tissue integrity. Unlike lignins, drought altered the quantity and composition of tannins. In Q. alba, the ellagitannins decreased in the distal root orders exposed to drought, while the fiber‐bound condensed tannnins increased. The lower content of ellagitannins with antimicrobial properties under drought reveals an adaptive response by fine roots to promote symbiotic association, as evidenced by the higher colonization of ectomycorrhizal fungi.

Our study revealed that, when exposed to drought, the composition of heteropolymers are strategically varied across fine root orders, so as to provide a greater root function without compromising the tissue protection.
What do the Australian public think of regulatory nutrition policies? A scoping review
Authors: Cullerton Katherine , Baker Phillip , Adsett Eloise , Lee Amanda 
Published: August 2020

SummaryEffective government policies are crucial to creating healthy food environments. However, changing public policy is a slow and challenging process involving many competing factors. One cited factor is public opinion towards a proposed policy. This study aimed to systematically explore public opinion on regulatory nutrition policy issues in Australia from 2009 to 2019, to determine whether low levels of public opinion corresponded with the low levels of regulatory policy action in this country. We found that there was varying levels of public support in Australia for public health nutrition action. Regulatory‐ and legislative‐based policies generally had moderate to high levels of support except for food and drink taxes, which had low to moderate support. Despite high levels of public support for certain policy initiatives, national public health nutrition policy in Australia has not evolved consistently with the level of public support nor the evidence base over the past decade indicating other more important factors at play in policymaking.
Treatment outcome and long‐term stability of class II correction with forsus fatigue resistant device in non‐growing patients
Authors: Zitouni Mohammad , Acar Yasemin Bahar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesForsus™ Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) is one of the commonly used semirigid fixed functional devices. Purpose of the present study was to investigate effects and long‐term stability of Class II correction following use of Forsus FRD in a retrospective clinical study.Setting and Sample PopulationRecords of 20 patients (mean age 18.3 ± 2.5 years) with Class II malocclusion, who had undergone fixed functional treatment protocol with Forsus FRD, were collected from our clinical archive.Materials and MethodsLateral cephalometric radiographs at pre‐treatment (T0), end of comprehensive treatment (T1) and post‐retention period (T2, mean duration: 19 ± 3 months) were analysed and superimposed to assess skeletal and dental changes on the long‐term. Repeated measurement one way ANOVA was used for the study of the significant differences among the mean values of cephalometric parameters at T0, T1, and T2. To analyse the nature of the bilateral significant differences between two different time points, Bonferroni test was used.ResultsSagittal and vertical skeletal changes at T0‐T1 were statistically insignificant while all dentoalveolar parameters exhibited highly significant changes. At T1‐T2, all skeletal and dentoalveolar parameters were stable except the slight relapse in overjet (0.3 ± 0.5 mm; P < .05). At T0‐T2 interval, no significant skeletal changes were recorded while the dentoalveolar changes remained significantly improved.ConclusionCorrection of Class II malocclusion achieved with Forsus FRD was dentoalveolar and treatment effects were stable in the 19 ± 3 months follow‐up period.
Recent advances in genomics‐assisted breeding of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) resistance in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Kumar Kishor , Kaur Pavneet , Kishore Amit , Vikal Yogesh , Singh Kuldeep , Neelam Kumari 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBrown planthopper (BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(Stål), is one of the most destructive insects that impair rice productivity per year. Till to date, 38 BPH resistance loci have been mapped from cultivated and wild species of rice. Of 38 resistance genes, eight genes (Bph14, Bph3, Bph26, bph29, Bph18, Bph6, Bph32andBph9) were positionally cloned. Four genes (Bph14, Bph26, Bph18andBph9) encode a typical CC‐NBS‐LRR domain‐containing protein. TheBph3encodes a cluster of three Lectin Receptor Kinase genes (OsLecRK1‐3) that confer broad‐spectrum resistance. Numerous other genes includingWRKY,MYB,DELLA,OsGID1,CYP71A1, mitogen‐activated protein kinase and micro RNAs have been functionally characterized that mediate resistance response to BPH. The comparative gene expression profiling, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics studies have also accelerated the resistance breeding programme. In this review, we comprehensively updated the advances made in the identification of the BPH resistance genes and their functional validation to understand the molecular basis of host–BPH interaction. We also discuss the potential utility of the cutting‐edge genomics tools for breeding BPH resistance cultivars.
Can a handheld device accurately measure barrier function in ichthyoses?
Authors: Murphrey Morgan B. , Erickson Taylor , Canter Talia , Rangel Stephanie M. , Paller Amy S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a surrogate measure of skin barrier dysfunction. Historically, devices that measure TEWL are expensive, complex, and require connection to a computer and energy source. Consequently, measurement of skin's TEWL has been limited to the research setting.ObjectivesEvaluate the accuracy of the handheld device gpskin Barrier Light® in comparison with a standardly used device, AquaFlux AF200®, for measuring TEWL.MethodsTransepidermal water loss measurements by gpskin Barrier Light® and AquaFlux AF200® in ichthyotic and healthy skin were compared.ResultsAquaFlux AF200® TEWL readings were consistently higher than those from gpskin Barrier Light®. In the pooled cohort, TEWL values were strongly correlated and both devices had excellent reliability. When subjects and controls were examined separately, there was moderate correlation between devices, with stronger agreement at higher TEWL values.LimitationsTransepidermal water loss was determined at one time point. There is no formally established industry standard TEWL‐assessing device.ConclusionAlthough gpskin Barrier Light® and AquaFlux AF200® devices cannot be used interchangeably, correlation in measuring TEWL was strong in patients with skin disease. This finding suggests that the low‐cost, handheld device can accurately capture change in TEWL to track disease improvement.
What Drives Coalitions' Narrative Strategy? Exploring Policy Narratives around School Choice
Authors: Chang Katherine T. , Koebele Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2020

Policy actors use narratives strategically to attempt to influence the political contexts in which they participate. This study employs the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine policy actors' narratives around the issue of state‐level school choice policy. Specifically, we seek to determine why coalitions of policy actors use a narrative strategy called the devil‐angel shift. While traditional NPF hypotheses speculate that use of this strategy is driven by whether coalitions perceive themselves as policy winners or losers, recent studies suggest that use of this strategy may be better indicated by a coalition's policy position. To investigate this, we analyze legislative testimony related to two state‐level senate bills that sought to enact a universal school voucher program in Nevada. We find that a coalition's policy position better reflects their use of the devil‐angel shift narrative strategy over time, and we posit two potential explanations for the link between policy positions and narrative strategy.Related ArticlesErtas, Nevbahar. 2015. “Policy Narratives and Public Opinion Concerning Charter Schools.” Politics & Policy 43 (3): 426‐451. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12120Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, and Paul L. Hathaway. 2011. “Narrative Policy Framework: The Influence of Media Policy Narrative on Public Opinion.” Politics & Policy 39 (3): 373‐400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00295.xSmith‐Walter, Aaron, Holly L. Peterson, Michael D. Jones, and Ashley Nicole Reynolds Marshall. 2016. “Gun Stories: How Evidence Shapes Firearm Policy in the United States.” Politics & Policy 44 (6): 1053‐1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12187
Listening to Karl BarthBarth in Conversation: Volume 1, 1959–1962, KarlBarth, with EberhardBusch (ed.), WJK, 2017 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐26400‐0), xx + 328 pp., hb $40Barth in Conversation: Volume 2, 1963, KarlBarth, with EberhardBusch (ed.), WJK, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐26401‐7), xx + 250 pp., hb $40Barth in Conversation: Volume 3, 1964–1968, KarlBarth, with EberhardBusch (ed.), WJK, 2019 (ISBN 978‐0‐664‐26402‐4), xx + 402 pp., hb $40
Authors: McKim Donald K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThese three volumes feature conversations held by Karl Barth during the later years of his life. The books are translated from the German edition of Barth's works by a group of scholars in a translation group sponsored by Princeton Theological Seminary. Here, Barth fascinatingly responds to questions from groups, interviewers, press conferences, and in theological dialogues. The conversations provide descriptions and insights into many issues Barth dealt with extensively in his numerous theological writings. The books present a more succinct accessibility to Barth's views that is harder to come by in his large theological works. Barth's humor and joy as a theologian is on display throughout as he interacts with his questioners and expounds on his vision of Christian theology (dogmatics) and the Christian life.
Multiscale expansions avector solitons of a two‐dimensional nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger system
Authors: Koutsokostas Georgios N. , Horikis Theodoros P. , Frantzeskakis Dimitrios J. , Prinari Barbara , Biondini Gino 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne‐ and two‐dimensional solitons of a multicomponent nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system are constructed. The model finds applications in nonlinear optics, where it may describe the interaction of optical beams of different frequencies. We asymptotically reduce the model, via multiscale analysis, to completely integrable ones in both Cartesian and cylindrical geometries; we thus derive a Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili equation and its cylindrical counterpart, Johnson's equation. This way, we derive approximate soliton solutions of the nonlocal NLS system, which have the form of: (a) dark or antidark soliton stripes and (b) dark lumps in the Cartesian geometry, as well as (c) ring dark or antidark solitons in the cylindrical geometry. The type of the soliton, namely dark or antidark, is determined by the degree of nonlocality: dark (antidark) soliton states are formed for weaker (stronger) nonlocality. We perform numerical simulations and show that the derived soliton solutions do exist and propagate undistorted in the original nonlocal NLS system.