bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of left atrioventricular valve in a patient with single ventricle and severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation
Authors: al Nasef Mohamed , Oslizlok Paul , Walsh Kevin P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany patients with single ventricle physiology suffer from atrioventricular valve (AVV) regurgitation which may worsen their cardiac function and cause symptoms. It has been postulated that elimination of the nondominant hypoplastic AVV regurgitation, might improve the clinical status in patients post‐Fontan surgery. We describe a case of hypoplastic left heart variant, post Fontan surgery who had severe left AVV regurgitation and underwent percutaneous transcatheter occlusion of the hypoplastic left AVV, using a VSD occluder device. At 3 months post procedure, the patient is improved. Transcatheter closure of a regurgitant hypoplastic AVV in a patient with single ventricle helps to improve the patient's cardiac function and clinical status.
Bimetal‐organic Framework Encapsulated in Graphene Aerogel‐grafted Ni Foam: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Jianzhi , Li Pan , Tian Qifeng , Xiao Zhuangwei , Li Shuaijie , Cai Ning , Xue Yanan , Chen Weimin , Yu Faquan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered as promising platforms for preparing the efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, but few of them are directly employed as active components due to their poor electrical conductivity. Herein, a lamellar bimetallic MFN (MIL‐53(FeNi)) encapsulated in graphene aerogel‐grafted Ni foam has been developed (denoted as MFN@GA/NF). The graphene aerogel (GA) provides abundant space for the in‐situ growth of MFN and functions as a “bridge” to connect nickel foam (NF) with MFN by virtue of good conductivity. Benefitting from its structural integrity, the obtained hierarchical MFN@GA/NF exhibited excellent OER performances in alkaline media with an overpotential of 250 mV (20 mA cm−2) and 326 mV (200 mA cm−2), as well as remarkable stability in continuous electrolysis for over 100 h. This work provides a new channel for engineering MOF‐based functional materials with featured architectures.
Bulky N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Coordinated Palladium Catalysts for 1,2‐Addition of Arylboron Compounds to Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Okuda Yuta , Nagaoka Masahiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by the 1,2‐addition of arylboronic acids or boronates to carbonyl compounds, including unactivated ketones, using novel bulky yet flexible N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐coordinated 2,6‐di(pentan‐3‐yl)aniline (IPent)‐based cyclometallated palladium complexes (CYPs) as catalysts is reported. The PhS‐IPent‐CYP‐catalyzed reactions are efficient at low catalyst loadings (0.02–0.3 mol% Pd), and the exceptional catalytic activity for 1,2‐addition is attributed to the steric bulk of the NHC ligand. These reactions can yield a wide range of functionalized benzylic alcohols that are difficult to synthesize by classical protocols using highly active organomagnesium or lithium reagents.
One‐pot Fixation of CO2 into Glycerol Carbonate using Ion‐Exchanged Amberlite Resin Beads as Efficient Metal‐free Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Alassmy Yasser A. , Paalman Patrick J. , Pescarmona Paolo P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of glycerol carbonate from carbon dioxide and glycerol was achieved using ion‐exchanged Amberlite resin beads as metal‐free heterogeneous catalysts. Two commercially available Amberlite resin beads consisting of polystyrene cross‐linked with divinylbenzene and functionalized with either trimethyl ammonium chloride (IRA‐900) or dimethyl ethanol ammonium chloride (IRA‐910) groups were used as starting materials to prepare the catalysts. These polymeric beads were transformed into their iodide (Amb‐900‐I, Amb‐OH‐910‐I) or hydroxide (Amb‐900‐OH and Amb‐OH‐910‐OH) counterparts through straightforward ion‐exchange reactions. First, the two resin bead catalysts in hydroxide form were tested in the base‐catalyzed transcarbonation reaction of glycerol with propylene carbonate. Both resin bead catalysts were more active compared to benchmark basic catalysts as hydrotalcites and attained 80 % yield of glycerol carbonate over Amb‐OH‐910‐OH after 2 h at 115 °C, employing a 4 : 1 ratio between propylene carbonate and glycerol. Then, the one‐pot reaction of CO2, glycerol and propylene oxide to produce propylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate and propylene glycol was investigated as the main target of this study. The reaction involves two steps: the reaction of propylene oxide with CO2 yielding propylene carbonate, and the transcarbonation of the formed cyclic carbonate with glycerol. Amb‐900‐I, Amb‐OH‐910‐I, Amb‐OH‐910‐OH and combinations of the latter two were employed as catalysts. Although Amb‐OH‐910‐I alone is poorly active in the transcarbonation reaction, it showed the highest catalytic activity in the one‐pot cascade reaction, surprisingly surpassing the performance of the Amb‐OH‐910‐I/Amb‐OH‐910‐OH mixtures and reaching high yields of glycerol carbonate (81 %, 115 °C, 4 h). These findings led to proposing a mechanism for the one‐pot reaction using the Amb‐OH‐910‐I catalyst. The bead format led to easy recovery of the catalyst, which displayed good reusability in consecutive runs.
Synthesis of Unprecedented 4d/4f‐Polypnictogens
Authors: Reinfandt Niklas , Schoo Christoph , Dütsch Luis , Köppe Ralf , Konchenko Sergey N. , Scheer Manfred , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA series of 4d/4f‐polyarsenides, ‐polyarsines and ‐polystibines was obtained by reduction of the Mo‐pnictide precursor complexes [{CptMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:2‐E2)] (E=As, Sb; Cpt=tBu substituted cyclopentadienyl) with two different divalent samarocenes [Cp*2Sm] and [(CpMe4nPr)2Sm]. For the reductive conversion of the Mo‐stibide only one product was isolated, featuring a planar tetrastibacyclobutadiene moiety as an unprecedented ligand for organometallic compounds. For the corresponding Mo‐arsenide a tetraarsacyclobutadiene and a second species with a side‐on coordinated As22− anion was isolated. The latter can be considered as reaction intermediate for the formation of the tetraarsacyclobutadiene.
Untersuchungen zur Bildung von Benzol aus Benzaldehyd
Authors: Frank Stephanie , Schieberle Peter 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungDie menschliche Aufnahme von Benzol soll aufgrund dessen gesundheitsgefährdenden Potentials minimiert werden. Benzol gelangt hauptsächlich über die Atemluft in den menschlichen Körper; hingegen ist die Aufnahme über die Nahrung eher gering. In Getränken mit Kirschgeschmack wurde jedoch Benzol gefunden, und es wurde vermutet, dass der Geruchsstoff Benzaldehyd die Ursache für die beobachteten Benzolverunreinigungen war. Benzaldehyd wird beispielsweise zur Aromatisierung von Getränken mit Kirschgeschmack eingesetzt. Es zeigte sich, dass nur Licht die Bildung von Benzol aus Benzaldehyd förderte. Es wurde vermutet, dass die Benzolgehalte in kommerziellen Kirschsaft‐Erfrischungsgetränken auf das zugesetzte, bereits mit Benzol verunreinigte Aroma zurückzuführen sind. Daher scheint es nötig, die Benzolbildung in benzaldehydhaltigen Aromen zu unterbinden, indem man diese Produkte vor Licht schützt, beispielsweise durch den Gebrauch von getönten Glasgefäßen bei Produktion, Lagerung und Verkauf.
A comparison of cell density and serotonergic innervation of the amygdala among four macaque species
Authors: Jones Danielle N. , Erwin Joseph M. , Sherwood Chet C. , Hof Patrick R. , Raghanti Mary Ann 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe genus Macaca is an ideal model for investigating the biological basis of primate social behavior from an evolutionary perspective. A significant amount of behavioral diversity has been reported among the macaque species, but little is known about the neural substrates that support this variation. The present study compared neural cell density and serotonergic innervation of the amygdala among four macaque species using histological and immunohistochemical methods. The species examined included rhesus (Macaca mulatta), Japanese (M. fuscata), pigtailed (M. nemestrina), and moor macaques (M. maura). We anticipated that the more aggressive rhesus and Japanese macaques would have lower serotonergic innervation within the amygdala compared to the more affiliative pigtailed and moor macaques. In contrast to our prediction, pigtailed macaques had higher serotonergic innervation than Japanese and moor macaques in the basal and central amygdala nuclei when controlling for neuron density. Our analysis of neural cell populations revealed that Japanese macaques possess significantly higher neuron and glia densities relative to the other three species, however we observed no glia‐to‐neuron ratio differences among species. The results of this study revealed serotonergic innervation and cell density differences among closely related macaque species, which may play a role in modulating subtle differences in emotional processing and species‐typical social styles.
Uniqueness and Nonuniqueness of Steady States of Aggregation‐Diffusion Equations
Authors: Delgadino Matias G. , Yan Xukai , Yao Yao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe consider a nonlocal aggregation equation with degenerate diffusion, which describes the mean‐field limit of interacting particles driven by nonlocal interactions and localized repulsion. When the interaction potential is attractive, it is previously known that all steady states must be radially decreasing up to a translation, but uniqueness (for a given mass) within the radial class was open, except for some special interaction potentials. For general attractive potentials, we show that the uniqueness/nonuniqueness criteria are determined by the power of the degenerate diffusion, with the critical power being m = 2. In the case m ≥ 2, we show that for any attractive potential the steady state is unique for a fixed mass. In the case 1 < m < 2, we construct examples of smooth attractive potentials such that there are infinitely many radially decreasing steady states of the same mass. For the uniqueness proof, we develop a novel interpolation curve between two radially decreasing densities, and the key step is to show that the interaction energy is convex along this curve for any attractive interaction potential, which is of independent interest. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Targeting the Rich Conformational Landscape of N‐Allylmethylamine Using Rotational Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Calculations
Authors: Silva Weslley G. D. P. , Poonia Tamanna , van Wijngaarden Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe highly variable conformational landscape of N‐allylmethylamine (AMA) was investigated using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy aided by high‐level theoretical calculations to understand the energy relationship governing the interconversion between nine stable conformers. Spectroscopically, transitions belonging to four low energy conformers were identified and their hyperfine patterns owing to the 14N quadrupolar nucleus were unambiguously resolved. The rotational spectrum of the global minimum geometry, conformer I, shows an additional splitting associated with a tunneling motion through an energy barrier interconnecting its enantiomeric forms. A two‐step tunneling trajectory is proposed by finding transition state structures corresponding to the allyl torsion and NH inversion. Natural bond orbital and non‐covalent interaction analyses reveal that an interplay between steric and hyperconjugative effects rules the conformational preferences of AMA.
Rational Control of Self‐Recognition of Macroionic γ‐Cyclodextrin by Host‐Guest Interaction with Super‐Chaotropic Borate Cluster Ions
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Luo Jiancheng , Bekele Selemon , Tsige Mesfin , Liu Tianbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe report a feasible method to control self‐recognition during the self‐assembly of a hydrophilic macroion, phosphate‐functionalized γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD‐P), though host‐guest interactions. We confirmed that γ‐CD‐P can form a host‐guest complex with a super‐chaotropic anion, namely the B12F122− borate cluster, by using NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry. The loaded γ‐CD‐P, which has a higher charge density, can be distinguished from the uncomplexed γ‐CD‐P, leading to self‐sorting behavior during the self‐assembly process, confirmed by the formation of two types of individual supramolecular structures (Rh of ca. 57 nm and 18 nm, determined by light scattering) instead of hybrid structures in mixed dilute solution. This self‐recognition behavior is accounted for by the difference in intermolecular electrostatic interactions arising from the loading.
Cannabidiol and Abnormal Liver Chemistries in Healthy Adults: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial
Authors: Watkins Paul B. , Church Rachel J. , Li Jie , Knappertz Volker 
Published: October 2020

Liver safety concerns were raised in randomized controlled trials of cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut and Dravet syndromes, but the relevance of these concerns to healthy adults consuming CBD is unclear. The objective of this manuscript is to report on liver safety findings from healthy adults who received therapeutic daily doses of CBD for ~ 3.5 weeks and to investigate any correlation between transaminase elevations and baseline characteristics, pharmacogenetic, and pharmacokinetic data. Sixteen healthy adults were enrolled in a phase I, open‐label, fixed single‐sequence drug–drug interaction trial to investigate the effect of repeated dose administration of CBD (1,500 mg/day) on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 activity. Seven (44%) participants experienced peak serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN). For five (31%) participants, the value exceeded 5 × ULN, therefore meeting the international consensus criteria for drug‐induced liver injury. There was no correlation between transaminase elevations and baseline characteristics, CYP2C19 genotype, or CBD plasma concentrations. All ALT elevations above the ULN began within 2–4 weeks of initial exposure to CBD. Among the six participants with ALT elevations who were discontinued from the protocol, some had symptoms consistent with hepatitis or hypersensitivity. We conclude that healthy adults consuming CBD may experience elevations in serum ALT consistent with drug‐induced liver injury. Given the demonstrated interindividual variation in susceptibility, clinicians should be alert to this potential effect from CBD, which is increasingly available in various nonprescription forms and doses to consumers.
Reproductive phenology and feeding patterns of Listronotus maculicollis during spring emergence: Implications for spring management
Authors: McGraw Benjamin A. , Price Garrett Y. , Simard Audrey , Vittum Patricia J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe annual bluegrass weevil [Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby)] is a severe pest of golf course turf in North America. Most turf managers attempt to minimize larval damage by targeting adults with insecticides upon emergence from overwintering habitats in spring. Fluctuations in weather often create asynchronous emergence patterns that lead to inefficacious applications. We sought to describe L. maculicollis reproductive phenology to determine when mating and oviposition occur to better time insecticide applications. Dissections were performed on adults collected weekly from golf course fairways and tees between adult emergence and the end of the first generation over a 3‐yr period. Most females emerged with well‐developed reproductive systems, though <40% were mated. Fewer than 20% of males were mature upon emergence and required 5–8 wk after first emergence before all captures displayed mature reproductive systems. Few adults were found to have fed between emergence and adult peak, suggesting that systemic insecticides applied during the migration are not likely to be ingested. In caged oviposition studies, females survived up to 15 wk, with oviposition occurring as late as 14 wk. Average total fecundity ranged between 60 and 90 eggs per female with most oviposition occurring between the start of the experiment and 5 (2013) or 8 wk (2012). A strong correlation between growing degree days per week and eggs per female per week was detected over this period. Our findings suggest that insecticide applications targeting adults to reduce asynchronous larval development and damage should not be applied prior to peak emergence.
Genetic diversity and species‐specific DNA markers ofCynodon
Authors: Pudzianowska Marta , Baird James H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCynodonRich. is one of the major turfgrass and forage genera in warmer climates of the United States and other world regions. New cultivars ofCynodonspp. are often developed by hybridization of a limited number of accessions of two species—C. transvaalensisBurtt Davy andC. dactylon(L.) Pers.—or by selection from existing cultivars. This may lead to an erosion of diversity. Several other species of this genus also exhibit desirable traits, and they could be used in the development of new cultivars to increase the range of genetic variation. In this study, the genetic diversity of sevenCynodonspecies was assessed using Diversity Array Technology sequencing (DArTseq). This technology is capable of identifying single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with no prior DNA sequence information. The 85 analyzed accessions showed considerable genetic variation and formed several distinct groups based on the degree of relatedness. However, none of these groups were comprised of only accessions of the same species, suggesting that DNA marker groupings are not well in agreement with botanical classification for this genus. The identification of species‐specific SNP markers provides an additional tool for species reclassification and may clear up pedigrees of some established cultivars.
Evaluation of hyaluronic acid nanoparticle embedded chitosan–gelatin hydrogels for antibiotic release
Authors: Özkahraman Bengi , Tamahkar Emel , İdil Neslihan , Kılıç Suloglu Aysun , Perçin Işık 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe development of chitosan–gelatin (CS‐G) hydrogels embedded with ampicillin‐loaded hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HA‐NPs) for wound dressing is proposed. It was aimed to provide controlled ampicillin delivery by incorporation of HA‐NPs into biocompatible CS‐G hydrogel structure. According to in vitro ampicillin release studies, 55% of ampicillin was released from CS‐G/HA‐NPs hydrogels after 5 days. Antibacterial performance of CS‐G/HA‐NPs hydrogels was proven with agar disc diffusion test. For cytotoxicity assay, fibroblast cell viability increased in CS‐G/HA‐NPs hydrogels compared with CS‐G group after 24 hr incubation. Consequently, the potential ability of CS‐G/HA‐NPs hydrogels as a controlled drug delivery system has been verified.
Camera settings and biome influence the accuracy of citizen science approaches to camera trap image classification
Authors: Egna Nicole , O'Connor David , Stacy‐Dawes Jenna , Tobler Mathias W. , Pilfold Nicholas , Neilson Kristin , Simmons Brooke , Davis Elizabeth Oneita , Bowler Mark , Fennessy Julian , Glikman Jenny Anne , Larpei Lexson , Lekalgitele Jesus , Lekupanai Ruth , Lekushan Johnson , Lemingani Lekuran , Lemirgishan Joseph , Lenaipa Daniel , Lenyakopiro Jonathan , Lesipiti Ranis Lenalakiti , Lororua Masenge , Muneza Arthur , Rabhayo Sebastian , Ole Ranah Symon Masiaine , Ruppert Kirstie , Owen Megan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractScientists are increasingly using volunteer efforts of citizen scientists to classify images captured by motion‐activated trail cameras. The rising popularity of citizen science reflects its potential to engage the public in conservation science and accelerate processing of the large volume of images generated by trail cameras. While image classification accuracy by citizen scientists can vary across species, the influence of other factors on accuracy is poorly understood. Inaccuracy diminishes the value of citizen science derived data and prompts the need for specific best‐practice protocols to decrease error. We compare the accuracy between three programs that use crowdsourced citizen scientists to process images online: Snapshot Serengeti, Wildwatch Kenya, and AmazonCam Tambopata. We hypothesized that habitat type and camera settings would influence accuracy. To evaluate these factors, each photograph was circulated to multiple volunteers. All volunteer classifications were aggregated to a single best answer for each photograph using a plurality algorithm. Subsequently, a subset of these images underwent expert review and were compared to the citizen scientist results. Classification errors were categorized by the nature of the error (e.g., false species or false empty), and reason for the false classification (e.g., misidentification). Our results show that Snapshot Serengeti had the highest accuracy (97.9%), followed by AmazonCam Tambopata (93.5%), then Wildwatch Kenya (83.4%). Error type was influenced by habitat, with false empty images more prevalent in open‐grassy habitat (27%) compared to woodlands (10%). For medium to large animal surveys across all habitat types, our results suggest that to significantly improve accuracy in crowdsourced projects, researchers should use a trail camera set up protocol with a burst of three consecutive photographs, a short field of view, and determine camera sensitivity settings based on in situ testing. Accuracy level comparisons such as this study can improve reliability of future citizen science projects, and subsequently encourage the increased use of such data.
The roles of wing color pattern and geography in the evolution of Neotropical Preponini butterflies
Authors: Ortiz‐Acevedo Elena , Gomez Juan Pablo , Espeland Marianne , Toussaint Emmanuel F. A. , Willmott Keith R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDiversification rates and evolutionary trajectories are known to be influenced by phenotypic traits and the geographic history of the landscapes that organisms inhabit. One of the most conspicuous traits in butterflies is their wing color pattern, which has been shown to be important in speciation. The evolution of many taxa in the Neotropics has also been influenced by major geological events. Using a dated, species‐level molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for Preponini, a colorful Neotropical butterfly tribe, we evaluated whether diversification rates were constant or varied through time, and how they were influenced by color pattern evolution and biogeographical events. We found that Preponini originated approximately 28 million years ago and that diversification has increased through time consistent with major periods of Andean uplift. Even though some clades show evolutionarily rapid transitions in coloration, contrary to our expectations, these shifts were not correlated with shifts in diversification. Involvement in mimicry with other butterfly groups might explain the rapid changes in dorsal color patterns in this tribe, but such changes have not increased species diversification in this group. However, we found evidence for an influence of major Miocene and Pliocene geological events on the tribe's evolution. Preponini apparently originated within South America, and range evolution has since been dynamic, congruent with Andean geologic activity, closure of the Panama Isthmus, and Miocene climate variability.