bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of core‐shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of allocryptopine from the wastewater of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br.
Authors: Wang Lu , Wang Yanhong , Zhou Binbin , Zhong Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA novel type of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIP) as the solid‐phase extraction sorbent was prepared, which can extract effectively the allocryptopine from the waster of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. In this study, MMIP was synthesized by using Fe3O4@SiO2, 4‐vinyl‐pyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and allocryptopine, and these ingredients worked as magnetic core, functional monomer, cross‐linker, and template, respectively. Concluded by the calculation of Gaussian 09 software, different ratio models of 4‐vinyl‐pyridine and allocryptopine were simulated, and the optimal ratio was 1:5 and the energy was −2205.34 kJ/mol. Transmission electron microscopy, vibration sample magnetometry, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to determine the morphology and structure of MMIP. Furthermore, the results of adsorption experiments indicated that MMIP had high selectivity, excellent recyclability, and good adsorption performance (9.86 mg/g, 298 K). The adsorption process was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2 > 0.98, 298 K) and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model (R2 > 0.99, 298 K). After six times adsorption‐desorption experiments, the adsorption amount of MMIP only reduced to 8.5%. In the experiments of selective adsorption, MMIP has better adsorption properties for allocryptopine (ALL, C21H23NO5) than those having the same functional group. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.4 μg/mL. The relative standard deviation ranged from 0.09% to 0.72%. The recovery of allocryptopine in samples ranged from 93.60% to 106.19%. In addition, the synthesized complex had a certain adsorption effect on allocryptopine separating from the wastewater of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br.
Maternal health care management during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Chen Yu , Li Zhe , Zhang Yuan‐Yuan , Zhao Wei‐Hua , Yu Zhi‐Ying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel type of highly contagious pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Despite the strong efforts taken to control the epidemic, hundreds of thousands of people were infected worldwide by 11 March, and the situation was characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Pregnant women are more susceptible to viral infection due to immune and anatomic alteration, though hospital visits may increase the chance of infection, the lack of medical care during pregnancy may do more harm. Hence, a well‐managed system that allows pregnant women to access maternal health care with minimum exposure risk is desired during the outbreak. Here, we present the managing processes of three pregnant women who had fever during hospitalization in the gynecology or obstetrics department, and then, we further summarize and demonstrate our maternal health care management strategies including antenatal care planning, patient triage based on the risk level, admission control, and measures counteracting emergencies and newly discovered high‐risk cases at in‐patient department. In the meantime, we will explain the alterations we have done throughout different stages of the epidemic and also review relative articles in both Chinese and English to compare our strategies with those of other areas. Although tens of COVID‐19 cases were confirmed in our hospital, no nosocomial infection has occurred and none of the pregnant women registered in our hospital was reported to be infected.
Reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR vs reverse transcriptase quantitative real‐time PCR for serum HBV RNA quantification
Authors: Limothai Umaporn , Chuaypen Natthaya , Poovorawan Kittiyod , Chotiyaputta Watcharasak , Tanwandee Tawesak , Poovorawan Yong , Tangkijvanich Pisit 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSerum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA is a novel marker reflecting the activity of covalently closed circular DNA. However, the methodology for detecting HBV RNA has been a technical challenge. In this study, the performance of reverse transcription droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT‐ddPCR) for quantifying HBV RNA was compared with that of reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR (RT‐qPCR) in serum samples collected from treatment‐naïve patients with different phases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). A total of 417 serum samples, including 136 HBeAg‐positive CHB and 281 HBeAg‐negative CHB were examined. HBV RNA levels measured by RT‐ddPCR and RT‐qPCR showed a high degree of linearity and quantitative correlation. The limit of detections of RT‐ddPCR and RT‐qPCR assays were 102 and 103 copies/mL, respectively. Our results also demonstrated that RT‐ddPCR was superior to RT‐qPCR in terms of its consistency for quantifying HBV RNA across all concentrations. In the HBeAg‐positive group, serum HBV RNA levels based on RT‐ddPCR were moderately correlated with HBV DNA (r = 0.591, P < .001) and HBsAg (r = 0.502, P < .001). Among patients with HBeAg‐negative CHB, serum HBV RNA levels were moderately correlated with HBV DNA (r = 0.603, P < .001) but had weak correlation with HBsAg (r = 0.203, P = .001). In summary, RT‐ddPCR could enhance the sensitivity of serum HBV RNA detection, particularly among the HBeAg‐negative group with low viral loads. Thus, RT‐ddPCR could serve as an optimal method for HBV RNA quantification in clinical practice.
Collaborating for public access to scholarly publications: A case study of the partnership between the US Department of Energy and CHORUS
Authors: Dylla H. Frederick , Salmon Jeffrey 
Published: March 2020

Key points
The success of the CHORUS and DOE relationship is the result of nearly two decades of interactions between the DOE and a group of scientific publishers.
The relationship between CHORUS and the US federal agencies required understanding of different motivations, operations, and philosophies.
Although achieving public access was simple in principle, it required considerable effort to develop systems that satisfied all parties.
Publishers had been working with federal agencies to achieve open access before the 2013 White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, but this helped to create a path for a more fruitful relationship.
Acetylated cellulose nanostructures as reinforcement materials for PBAT nanocomposites
Authors: Barbosa Rennan F. S. , Souza Alana G. , Rosa Derval S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcetylated‐cellulose nanostructures (CNS) were used as reinforcing agent to develop poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)—PBAT—nanocomposites with 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt% of modified and nonmodified nanoparticles through solvent casting. This study explains the interactions between the reactive groups CNS and PBAT interact and the influence of this interaction in the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The nonmodified CNS showed a noncontinuous increase in the PBAT stiffness, due to the low interaction between the reinforcement and the matrix and low CNS dispersion. The best results were obtained to acetylated CNS due to the intermolecular interactions between the acetyl groups and the polymer chains. Probably the acetyl groups interfered in the atomic vibration relative to the functional groups of the matrix, which is indicative of the interaction and enhancement of the internal cohesion of the components.
Difference score reliabilities within the RIAS‐2 and WISC‐V
Authors: Farmer Ryan L. , Kim Samuel Y. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMany prominent intelligence tests (e.g., Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition [WISC‐V] and Reynolds Intellectual Abilities Scale, Second Edition [RIAS‐2]) offer methods for computing subtest‐ and composite‐level difference scores. This study uses data provided in the technical manual of the WISC‐V and RIAS‐2 to calculate reliability coefficients for difference scores. Subtest‐level difference score reliabilities range from 0.59 to 0.99 for the RIAS‐2 and from 0.53 to 0.87 for the WISC‐V. Composite‐level difference score reliabilities generally range from 0.23 to 0.95 for the RIAS‐2 and from 0.36 to 0.87 for the WISC‐V. Emphasis is placed on comparisons recommended by test publishers and a discussion of minimum requirements for interpretation of differences scores is provided.
Gas Transport in the Insensitive High Explosive PBX 9502
Authors: Englert‐Erickson Michael A. , Holmes Matthew D. , Parker Gary R. , Schmidt Chad C. , Meyer Brad A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSmall‐scale laboratory experiments were performed to analyze gas transport mechanics in PBX 9502, an insensitive high explosive (IHE) composition. Two independent investigations are reported here. First, gas permeametry and dynamic pycnometry techniques were used to measure the molecular flow (Knudsen) coefficient and the internally interconnected void fraction of pristine and thermally damaged samples in two uniaxial pressing orientations. The permeability of PBX 9502 was found to be unmeasurably low (of the same order of magnitude as PTFE) with gas transport being diffusion‐dominated. Secondly, a pressure vessel experiment was developed to measure quasi‐static and dynamic gas generation as the explosive was heated to self‐ignition (cookoff). The gas generation results and the permeability/diffusivity findings provide evidence that PBX 9502 remains impermeable until seconds prior to self‐ignition. At ignition, internal void‐pressure drives macro‐scale cracking and the sample becomes uniformly incorporated in the following deconsolidating deflagration. These results are discussed within the context of previous observations of pressure‐dependent cookoff behavior of PBX 9502 and provide a more complete description of thermal damage evolution in this explosive composition.
Comparison of gaseous ubiquitin ion structures obtained from a solid and solution matrix using ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry
Authors: Inutan Ellen D. , Jarois Dean R. , Lietz Christopher B. , El‐Baba Tarick J. , Elia Efstathios A. , Karki Santosh , Sampat Andjoe A.S. , Foley Casey D. , Clemmer David E. , Trimpin Sarah 
Published: March 2020

RationaleExamining surface protein conformations, and especially achieving this with spatial resolution, is an important goal. The recently discovered ionization processes offer spatial‐resolution measurements similar to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and produce charge states similar to electrospray ionization (ESI) extending higher‐mass protein applications directly from surfaces on high‐performance mass spectrometers. Studying a well‐interrogated protein by ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) to access effects on structures using a solid vs. solvent matrix may provide insights.MethodsUbiquitin was studied by IMS‐MS using new ionization processes with commercial and homebuilt ion sources and instruments (Waters SYNAPT G2(S)) and homebuilt 2 m drift‐tube instrument; MS™ sources). Mass‐to‐charge and drift‐time (td)‐measurements are compared for ubiquitin ions obtained by inlet and vacuum ionization using laserspray ionization (LSI), matrix‐ (MAI) and solvent‐assisted ionization (SAI), respectively, and compared with those from ESI under conditions that are most comparable.ResultsUsing the same solution conditions with SYNAPT G2(S) instruments, td‐distributions of various ubiquitin charge states from MAI, LSI, and SAI are similar to those from ESI using a variety of solvents, matrices, extraction voltages, a laser, and temperature only, showing subtle differences in more compact features within the elongated distribution of structures. However, on a homebuilt drift‐tube instrument, within the elongated distribution of structures, both similar and different td‐distributions are observed for ubiquitin ions obtained by MAI and ESI. MAI‐generated ions are frequently narrower in their td‐distributions.ConclusionsDirect comparisons between ESI and the new ionization methods operational directly from surfaces suggest that the protein in its solution structure prior to exposure to the ionization event is either captured (frozen out) at the time of crystallization, or that the protein in the solid matrix is associated with sufficient solvent to maintain the solution structure, or, alternatively, that the observed structures are those related to what occurs in the gas phase with ESI‐ or MAI‐generated ions and not with the solution structures.
Gas‐phase study of the stability of α‐substituted cyclic amino nitriles under electron ionization and electrospray ionization and fragmentation peculiarities of cyclic ketimines
Authors: Sosnova Anna A. , Mazur Dmitrii M. , Lebedev Albert T. 
Published: March 2020

Rationaleα‐Substituted cyclic amino nitriles show different reactivity and stability in solution depending on their ring size. Mass‐spectrometric modeling of the reactions, which normally take place in solution, may shed light on the nature of the studied compounds and explain some observations.MethodsThe stability of the nitriles in an acidic solution was studied by adding glacial acetic acid. Gas‐phase modelling was conducted by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with electron ionization mass spectrometry and direct inlet electrospray ionization. QqQ and Orbitrap analyzers were used to carry out tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments.ResultsThe obtained data show that the elimination of HCN from α‐substituted cyclic amino nitriles occurs in the same way for an acidic solution, thermolysis and electrospray ionization. According to GC, the most stable were N‐formylated nitriles compared with N‐benzylated or N‐unsubstituted ones. Electrospray ionization demonstrated its advantages for the routine identification of cyclic amino nitriles due to milder conditions than in electron ionization. Fragmentations of cyclic ketimines, formed from N‐unsubstituted amino nitriles, are discussed in particular.ConclusionsSimilarities in the behavior of the α‐substituted cyclic amino nitriles under electron ionization, electrospray ionization, thermolysis and reaction in solution under acidic catalysis were discovered and confirmed by MS/MS experiments. Fragmentation schemes of the studied nitriles and corresponding imines are proposed.
A rapid sample preparation method for the analysis of stable isotope ratios of beef samples from different countries
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Hongbo , Zhang Bin , Xu Zhenzhen , Chen Ailiang , Zhao Yan 
Published: March 2020

RationaleThe use of multi‐isotopic analyses to trace beef is gaining wider acceptance, but no uniform standard for the pretreatment method is available for the determination of stable isotope ratios. Drying and defatting of meat samples are usually applied. Thus, a rapid sample preparation procedure is required to provide a reference for the study of beef using stable isotope methods.MethodsStudent's t‐test (T‐test) was used to determine significant differences between the δ13C and δ15N values in traditional and rapid beef sample preparation methods. The δ13C, δ15N, δ2H, and δ18O values of beef samples from six countries were assayed using elemental analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Stable isotope data were subjected to principal component analysis, discriminant analysis, and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA).ResultsThere was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the δ13C and δ15N values of the two preparation approaches. A classification of satisfactory was obtained with the original‐validation rate of 96.6% and the cross‐validation rate of 95.9%. The PLS‐DA model was correctly validated to differentiate beef samples from six countries.ConclusionsWe describe a rapid sample preparation method for beef samples. A model combining stable isotope data and chemometric methods correctly assigned the origin of beef samples from different countries. The results demonstrated the successful utilization of rapid pretreatment methods to prepare beef samples when using multiple stable isotope analyses to trace beef samples from different countries.
When do return migrants become entrepreneurs? The role of global social networks and institutional distance
Authors: Wang Dan J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryDoes embeddedness in global social networks elevate or diminish individuals' propensity to found new ventures? I analyze entrepreneurial entry among a large, cross‐country sample of skilled return migrants, all of whom had worked abroad in the United States before returning to 98 different home countries. My findings reveal that maintaining stronger cross‐border social ties—that is, relationships to former colleagues abroad—leads returnees to be more likely to found new ventures in their homelands. However, the positive effects of cross‐border social ties diminish with greater institutional distance between the returnee's home country and the United States. The findings have implications for research at the intersection of social networks, international migration, and entrepreneurship.
Managerial SummaryWhen it comes to founding a venture, social networks are often critical in helping prospective entrepreneurs identify new market opportunities and resources. Which types of networks are most beneficial in helping people become entrepreneurs, however, still remains a question. This paper asks whether having social connections to individuals across countries makes one more likely to become an entrepreneur, and if so why? Studying skilled return migrants, I find that returnees who maintain stronger social ties to those they met while working abroad are more likely to start companies, but only if there is sufficient similarity between the market environments of the returnee's home country and the country where the returnee worked abroad.
Metal‐Containing Polydopamine Nanomaterials: Catalysis, Energy, and Theranostics
Authors: Wang Zhao , Zou Yuan , Li Yiwen , Cheng Yiyun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) is a major type of artificial melanin material with many interesting properties such as antioxidant activity, free‐radical scavenging, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and strong metal‐ion chelation. The high affinity of PDA to a wide range of metals/metal ions has offered a new class of functional metal‐containing polydopamine (MPDA) nanomaterials with promising functions and extensive applications. Understanding and controlling the metal coordination environment is vital to achieve desirable functions for which such materials can be exploited. MPDA nanomaterials with metal/metal ions as the active functions are reviewed, including their synthesis and metal coordination environment and their applications in catalysis, batteries, solar cells, capacitors, medical imaging, cancer therapy, antifouling, and antibacterial coating. The current trends, limitations, and future directions of this area are also explored.
Seismic performance assessment of two‐storey precast reinforced concrete building
Authors: Chourasia Ajay , Kajale Yogesh , Singhal Shubham , Parashar Jalaj 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn precast construction, standardized concrete elements are manufactured in a controlled environment followed by onsite installations. One such precast system is 3S building system (Strength, Safety, and Speed), which consists of RCC hollow columns with notches; RCC solid beams (“T” shape/“L” shape/Square Shape), RCC Stair flights, RCC shear walls, and Autoclave Aerated Concrete (AAC) or RCC precast slab. The current study focuses on seismic performance of this system, where a full‐scale two storey, “3S” precast RC building, was subjected to quasi‐static lateral loading. The experimental results show that the structure responded within elastic range at Life Safety (LS) performance level with minimal damage to the joints. The results are further compared to an analytical model in SAP2000 subjected to pushover analysis. Both the experimental and analytical results were found to be in agreement. Therefore, it is inferred that the 3S building system can perform satisfactorily under seismic loads.
Learning and Teaching Through the Online Environmental Justice Atlas: From Empowering Activists to Motivating Students
Authors: Walter Mariana , Weber Lena , Temper Leah 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe chapter analyzes how the Environmental Justice Atlas (EJAtlas.org), an online interactive platform developed to visualize and study struggles against environmental injustices worldwide, is used in higher education curricula to teach environmental justice and sustainability themes.
Sustainability Education Assessments in Teacher Education: Addressing “Wicked Problems” in a Postmodern World
Authors: Wright Mary F. , Monsour Florence A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes an evolving narrative inquiry into the use of formative sustainability assessments in teacher education for elementary and secondary level education. Framed within a postmodern approach to education, we describe the efficacy of using experiential, performative, discursive, graphic, and reflective assessments to bolster critical and creative holistic understandings.
Public participation, engagement, and climate change adaptation: A review of the research literature
Authors: Hügel Stephan , Davies Anna R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a clear need for a state‐of‐the‐art review of how public participation in climate change adaptation is being considered in research across academic communities: The Rio Declaration developed in 1992 at the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) included explicit goals of citizen participation and engagement in climate actions (Principle 10). Nation states were given special responsibility to facilitate these by ensuring access to information and opportunities to participate in decision‐making processes. Since then the need for public participation has featured prominently in calls to climate action. Using text analysis to produce a corpus of abstracts drawn from Web of Science, a review of literature incorporating public participation and citizen engagement in climate change adaptation since 1992 reveals lexical, temporal, and spatial distribution dynamics of research on the topic. An exponential rise in research effort since the year 2000 is demonstrated, with the focus of research action on three substantial themes—risk, flood risk, and risk assessment, perception, and communication. These are critically reviewed and three substantive issues are considered: the paradox of participation, the challenge of governance transformation, and the need to incorporate psycho‐social and behavioral adaptation to climate change in policy processes. Gaps in current research include a lack of common understanding of public participation for climate adaptation across disciplines; incomplete articulation of processes involving public participation and citizen engagement; and a paucity of empirical research examining how understanding and usage of influential concepts of risk, vulnerability and adaptive capacity varies among different disciplines and stakeholders. Finally, a provisional research agenda for attending to these gaps is described.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Policy and Governance > Governing Climate Change in Communities, Cities, and Regions