bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer outcome in relation to bone mineral density and bisphosphonate use: a sub-study of the DATA trial
Authors:   the Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG), van Hellemond Irene E. G. , Smorenburg Carolien H. , Peer Petronella G. M. , Swinkels Astrid C. P. , Seynaeve Caroline M. , van der Sangen Maurice J. C. , Kroep Judith R. , de Graaf Hiltje , Honkoop Aafke H. , Erdkamp Frans L. G. , van den Berkmortel Franchette W. P. J. , de Roos Wilfred K. , Linn Sabine C. , Imholz Alexander L. T. , de Boer Maaike , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The phase III DATA study compared 6 and 3 years of adjuvant anastrozole following 2–3 years of tamoxifen in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. This pre-planned side-study assessed the relationship between a reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS), and evaluated the effect of bisphosphonates on DRFS.

Methods
We selected all patients with a BMD measurement within 3 years after randomisation (landmark) without any DRFS events. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models were used for analyses.

Results
Of 1860 eligible patients, 1142 had a DEXA scan before the landmark. The BMD was normal in 436 (38.2%) and showed osteopenia in 565 (49.5%) and osteoporosis in 141 (12.3%) patients. After a median follow-up of 5.0 years from the landmark, neither osteopenia nor osteoporosis (compared with normal BMD) were associated with DRFS in both the 6-year [osteopenia HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.45–1.49), osteoporosis HR 1.10 (95% CI 0.26–4.67)] and the 3-year arm [osteopenia HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.40–1.42), osteoporosis HR 1.86 (95% CI 0.43–8.01)]. Moreover, bisphosphonate use did not impact DRFS.

Conclusion
No association was observed between a reduced BMD and DRFS. Neither did we observe an impact of bisphosphonates on DRFS.
The Ethics of Entrepreneurial Philanthropy
Authors: Harvey Charles , Gordon Jillian , Maclean Mairi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA salient if under researched feature of the new age of global inequalities is the rise to prominence of entrepreneurial philanthropy, the pursuit of transformational social goals through philanthropic investment in projects animated by entrepreneurial principles. Super-wealthy entrepreneurs in this way extend their suzerainty from the domain of the economic to the domains of the social and political. We explore the ethics and ethical implications ofentrepreneurialphilanthropythrough systematic comparison with what we callcustomaryphilanthropy, which preferences support for established institutions and social practices. We analyse the ethical statements made at interview by 24 elite UK philanthropists, 12 customary and 12 entrepreneurial, to reveal the co-existence of two ethically charged narratives of elite philanthropic motivations, each instrumental in maintaining the established socio-economic order. We conclude that entrepreneurial philanthropy, as an ostensibly efficacious instrument of social justice, is ethically flawed by its unremitting impulse toward ideological purity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Supported Amino Functionalized Magnetic-MOF-MIL-101 as an Efficient and Recoverable Catalyst for Mizoroki–Heck Cross-Coupling
Authors: Nuri Ayat , Vucetic Nemanja , Smått Jan-Henrik , Mansoori Yaghoub , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Magnetic particles were prepared by a hydrothermal method and then successively covered by Metal–Organic-Frameworks MIL-101-NH2 with a high surface area. This was followed by deposition of Pd(OAc)2 on Fe3O4–NH2@MIL-101-NH2 particles. The final catalyst was characterized with FT-IR, nitrogen physisorption, thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared magnetic catalyst was effectively used in the Heck coupling reaction in the presence of an inorganic base. The reaction parameters such as the base type, amounts of catalyst and solvents, temperature, and substrates ratios were optimized. The catalyst was then magnetically separated, washed, and reused 7 times without losing significantly catalytic activity.

Graphic Abstract
Mechanical Properties of cellulose fibers measured by Brillouin spectroscopy
Authors: Elsayad Kareem , Urstöger Georg , Czibula Caterina , Teichert Christian , Gumulec Jaromir , Balvan Jan , Pohlt Michael , Hirn Ulrich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe investigate the potential of Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) Microspectroscopy for fast non-invasive all-optical assessment of the mechanical properties of viscose fibers and bleached softwood pulp. Using an optimized Brillouin spectrometer, we demonstrate fast spatial mapping of the complex longitudinal modulus over extended areas (> 100 µm). Our results reveal that while the softwood pulp has a relatively uniform moduli, the viscous fibers have significant spatial heterogeneous in the moduli. Specifically, the viscose fibers exhibited a regular pattern of increasing and decreasing modulus normal to the fiber axis. The potential influence of a locally changing refractive index is investigated by holographic phase microscopy and ruled out. We discuss our results in light of the anisotropic mechanical properties of the fibers and are able to estimate the relative difference between the modulus along the fiber axis and that perpendicular to it. Results are presented alongside reference measurements of the quasi-static mechanical properties transverse to the fiber axes obtained using AFM-nanoindentation which reveal a similar trend, hinting at the potential usefulness of BLS for mechanical characterization applications. However, more detailed investigations are called for to uncover all the factors influencing the measured high-frequency BLS modulus and its significance in relation to physical properties of the fiber that may be of practical interest.
Management of moderate-to-severe dry eye disease using chitosan-N-acetylcysteine (Lacrimera®) eye drops: a retrospective case series
Authors: Nepp Johannes , Knoetzl Wolfgang , Prinz Anna , Hoeller Sonja , Prinz Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Dry eye disease is a highly prevalent condition that causes tear film instability, ocular discomfort, and visual disturbance. Lacrimera eye drops are approved for the short-term treatment of dry eye disease. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye disease treated with Lacrimera up to 1 month during routine clinical practice.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 25 patients with dry eye disease from the start of Lacrimera treatment up to 1 month of follow-up period. We analyzed standard clinical parameters to follow the course of the patients’ dry eye signs and symptoms.

Results
Based on corneal staining data, we found that the percentage of patients with intact corneas raised from 12 to 64% after 1 month of Lacrimera treatment. During this period, we also observed an increase in both tear breakup time (p < 0.05) and Schirmer’s score (p  < 0.001), with lower values indicating severer signs. Lacrimera eye drops were judged by 29% of the patients to be effective at relieving eye symptoms.

Conclusions
Lacrimera appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of dry eye disease, as assessed by corneal staining, tear breakup time, and Schirmer’s analyses. Our data suggest that the regenerative effect of Lacrimera eye drops peaks at 2 weeks and is sustained for at least 1 month when administered for a longer period of time.
Global drivers of cryptocurrency infrastructure adoption
Authors: Saiedi Ed , Broström Anders , Ruiz Felipe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA vast digital ecosystem of entrepreneurship and exchange has sprung up with Bitcoin’s digital infrastructure at its core. We explore the worldwide spread of infrastructure necessary to maintain and grow Bitcoin as a system (Bitcoin nodes) and infrastructure enabling the use of bitcoins for everyday economic transactions (Bitcoin merchants). Specifically, we investigate the role of legal, criminal, financial, and social determinants of the adoption of Bitcoin infrastructure. We offer some support for the view that the adoption of cryptocurrency infrastructure is driven by perceived failings of traditional financial systems, in that the spread of Bitcoin infrastructure is associated with low trust in banks and the financial system among inhabitants of a region, and with the occurrence of country-level inflation crises. On the other hand, our findings also suggest that active support for Bitcoin is higher in locations with well-developed banking services. Finally, we find support for the view that bitcoin adoption is also partly driven by cryptocurrencies’ usefulness in engaging in illicit trade.
Formal models of source reliability
Authors: Merdes Christoph , von Sydow Momme , Hahn Ulrike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe paper introduces, compares and contrasts formal models of source reliability proposed in the epistemology literature, in particular the prominent models of Bovens and Hartmann (Bayesian epistemology, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003) and Olsson (Episteme 8(02):127–143, 2011). All are Bayesian models seeking to provide normative guidance, yet they differ subtly in assumptions and resulting behavior. Models are evaluated both on conceptual grounds and through simulations, and the relationship between models is clarified. The simulations both show surprising similarities and highlight relevant differences between these models. Most importantly, however, our evaluations reveal that important normative concerns arguably remain unresolved. The philosophical implications of this for testimony are discussed.
Alterations of Serum Uric Acid Level and Gut Microbiota After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Hyperuricemic Rat Model
Authors: Lu Cunlong , Li Yu , Li Long , Kong Ying , Shi Tuo , Xiao Hai , Cao Shougen , Zhu Houxin , Li Zequn , Zhou Yanbing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to observe alterations of serum uric acid (SUA) level and gut microbiota after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in a hyperuricemic rat model.MethodWe performed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery in a hyperuricemic rat model. Serum uric acid (UA), xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, IL-6, TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level changes, and 16S rDNA of gut microbiota were analyzed.ResultsAfter the surgery, the RYGB and SG procedures significantly reduced body weight, serum UA, IL-6, TNF-α and LPS levels, and XO activity. In addition, the RYGB and SG procedures altered the diversity and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota. Compared with Sham group, RYGB and SG procedures were enriched in the abundance of phylumVerrucomicrobiaand speciesAkkermansia muciniphila, while the speciesEscherichia coliwas reduced.DiscussionWe here concluded that bariatric surgery-induced weight loss and resolution of inflammatory remarkers as well as changes of gut microbiota may be responsible for the reduced XO activity and SUA level. To have a better understanding of the underlying mechanism of UA metabolism following bariatric surgery, further research is needed.
Immunohistochemical Profile and 47-Gene Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Solid Tumor Panel Analysis of a Series of 13 Strumal Carcinoids
Authors: Theurer S. , Ingenwerth M. , Herold T. , Herrmann K. , Schmid K. W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStrumal carcinoid is an extraordinary rare tumor of the ovary consisting of thyroid tissue intermixed with neuroendocrine tumor component. The cellular origin of strumal carcinoids has been an area of debate. There is also little data on detailed immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of these neoplasms. For this reason, this series investigated the characteristics of a series of 13 strumal carcinoids using immunohistochemical markers and a 47-gene next-generation sequencing (NGS) solid tumor panel analysis. Both cellular components showed thyroglobulin expression in all tumors. TTF-1 expression was noted in both cellular components of 11 cases. Chromogranin A was positive in both components of most tumors (n = 12, 92.3% in the neuroendocrine component and n = 10, 76.9% in the thyroid follicular component). Synaptophysin stained the neuroendocrine component of all cases, and it was also identified in the follicular thyroid component of a single case. All tumors were negative for CDX2 and calcitonin. ISLET1 was positive in the neuroendocrine component of 8 cases (6.5%). With the exception of one case, all tumors were positive for SSTR2a. The tumors were associated with a low Ki67 labeling index. All cases were microsatellite stable and no pathogenic mutations were identified using a 47-gene NGS solid tumor analysis. This series underscored that strumal carcinoids are distinct neuroendocrine tumors. The synchronous expression for thyroid follicular epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation biomarkers may suggest a precursor cell origin displaying mixed-amphicrine differentiation. While strumal carcinoids can be diagnosed by their typical morphology and immunohistochemical profile, frequent SSTR expression may serve as a potential theranostic biomarker in the management of affected patients. In addition, the absence of common driver mutations in the NGS solid tumor panel may suggest that these neoplasms seem to be genetically unrelated to follicular epithelial–derived thyroid tumors and potentially different than other commonly identified well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms. Therefore, further studies focusing on molecular characteristics of this entity are still needed.
Mindfulness-Based Programs in the Workplace: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Vonderlin Ruben , Biermann Miriam , Bohus Martin , Lyssenko Lisa 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Given the complex demands of many workplaces, there is growing interest in the potential beneficial effects of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) for employees. This meta-analysis systematically synthesizes the results of randomized controlled studies conducted in various workplace settings.

Methods
Eligible studies were identified by a systematic literature search in four electronic databases and complementary manual search strategies through 11/2018. Random-effects models were used to synthesize data across 56 studies including n = 2689 participants and n = 2472 controls. The validity of synthesized effect size estimates was analyzed for heterogeneity and influential cases (outliers). Risk of bias was assessed following Cochrane recommendations.

Results
Analyses of between-group effects indicated that MBPs effectively reduce stress, burnout, mental distress, and somatic complaints, while improving mindfulness, well-being, compassion, and job satisfaction—all with small to large effect sizes ranging from Hedge’s g = 0.32 to 0.77. Results were maintained in follow-up assessments ≤ 12 weeks. Heterogeneity among primary studies was not explained consistently by program or participant characteristics in the exploratory moderator analyses. Results on work engagement and productivity were limited by low numbers of primary studies with outliers among their effect sizes.

Conclusions
Our meta-analysis provides evidence that MBPs effectively promote the health and well-being of employees in various occupational settings. Further research is needed to investigate potential benefits on work-related outcomes and effects for longer-term follow-ups.
Hybrid renewable energy systems for desalination
Authors: Esmaeilion Farbod 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWater and energy are two key factors in human life that always control the growth and development of human societies. Climate changes, increasing the population in urban areas and industrialization, have increased the demands for freshwater around the world. Estimates show that a small percentage of all freshwater produced in the world is from renewable sources. By developing the technology, lowering equipment prices and increasing attention to the environmental problems of fossil fuels, utilizing renewable energy is growing. By providing a wide variety of conventional desalination methods driven by various types of renewable energy technologies in the world, water and energy legislators should choose different methods to meet the needs based on the local potentials by paying attention to the desalination processes and power systems. In some cases, concentrated solar power for thermal desalination or electricity generated by the photovoltaic plants for membrane desalination systems can be used in arid areas. Definitely, the most problem of using renewable sources is their unsteady natures, which using storage systems or combining with other renewable sources can solve this problem. This chapter provides extensive information about renewables, desalination and performance analysis of power systems. Reverse osmosis technique is a practical process in desalination which 69% of desalination plants use this system. Solar energy is an important source of energy for hybrid systems. The geothermal has a steady performance at a specified depth. Ultimately, obtained results from energy and exergy analysis would have provided a better insight.
Chasing myrtle rust in New Zealand: host range and distribution over the first year after invasion
Authors: Toome-Heller M. , Ho W. W. H. , Ganley R. J. , Elliott C. E. A. , Quinn B. , Pearson H. G. , Alexander B. J. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAfter the detection of the myrtle rust pathogen, Austropuccinia psidii, in New Zealand, a biosecurity response was initiated, including a wide-spread surveillance programme. Through an intensive public awareness initiative, the general public was highly engaged in reporting myrtle rust infections and added significant value to the surveys by reporting first detections from most of the areas that are now known to be infected. During the first year of the response, Austropuccinia psidii was found in areas that were predicted to be at high infection risk in previous modelling studies. Significant surveillance resources were deployed to different parts of the country and the response surveillance team contributed to most of the new host species finds. Twenty -four species and six hybrids of Myrtaceae have been confirmed to be naturally infected by myrtle rust in New Zealand. Eleven of these are new host records globally and three were previously recorded only as experimental hosts.
mRNA level of ROCK1, RHOA, and LIMK2 as genes associated with apoptosis in evaluation of effectiveness of adalimumab treatment
Authors: Krawczyk Agata , Strzałka-Mrozik Barbara , Grabarek Beniamin , Wcisło-Dziadecka Dominika , Kimsa-Dudek Magdalena , Kruszniewska-Rajs Celina , Gola Joanna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Psoriasis is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, which underlies the abnormalities of the apoptotic process. In cases of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, biological treatment is used. This study aimed to determine any changes in the expression of the genes associated with apoptosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with adalimumab and to assess any phenotypic modifications based on changes in dermatological indexes.

Methods
The study included 20 patients with psoriatic arthritis treated biologically and 20 healthy volunteers. The research material consisted of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from which the total RNA was isolated. Changes in the gene expression were determined using oligonucleotide microarrays and RT-qPCR. The clinical condition was assessed based on selected indicators: PASI, BSA [%], DAS28, and DLQI, which were determined every 3 months.

Results
There were changes in the expression of genes associated with apoptosis. Significant differences were found for ROCK1, RhoA, and LIMK2 expression profiles in PBMCs. At the initial stage of treatment, a decrease in the PASI and BSA rates was observed. At the later stages, the values of these indicators increased once again. There were correlations between the changes in these genes’ expression and the dermatological markers.

Conclusion
Adalimumab influences the expression of genes related to apoptosis and the values of dermatological indicators of patients. Changes in the expression level of genes associated with apoptosis suggest that ROCK1, RhoA, and LIMK2 may be genes that can potentially be indicators of treatment effectiveness and lack of response to biological treatment.
Energy accumulation in mechanical resonance and its use in drive systems of impact machines
Authors: Fiebig Wieslaw , Wróbel Jakub 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn innovative method utilizing the phenomenon of mechanical resonance in machine drive systems of impact machines has been described. Energy accumulated in mechanical resonance is typically multiple times larger than the continuously supplied excitation energy. The amount of accumulated energy depends on the amplitude of vibration, mass and stiffness of system and present energy dissipation mechanisms. This form of energy can be extracted periodically each time after the amplitude of vibration reaches its maximum value. This effect could be implemented in drive systems of periodically operating machines, such as punching machines and presses. Significant reduction of energy demand in machines that use mechanical resonance in comparison with conventional machines was confirmed by means of simulations and experiments. Accumulation of the energy at mechanical resonance and its sequential extraction were presented together with a new prototype resonance punching press.
Evaluating the impact of new aircraft separation minima on available airspace capacity and arrival time delay
Authors: Itoh E. , Mitici M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough the application of new, reduced aircraft separation minima can directly increase runway throughput, the impact thereof on the traffic flow of aircraft arriving at the destination airport has not been discussed yet. This paper proposes a data-driven and queue-based modeling approach and presents an analysis of the impact on the delay time of arriving aircraft in the airspace within a radius of 100 nautical miles around an airport. The parameters of our queuing model were estimated by analysing the data contained in the radar tracks and flight plans for flights that arrived at Tokyo International Airport during the 2 years of 2016 and 2017. The results clarified the best arrival strategy according to the distance from the arrival airport: The combination of airspace capacity control and reduction of the flight time and separation variance is the most powerful solution to mitigate delays experienced by arriving traffic while also allowing an increase in the amount of arrival traffic. The application of new wake vortex categories would enable us to increase the arrival traffic to 120%. In addition, the arrival delay time could be minimised by implementing the proposed arrival traffic strategies together with automation support for air traffic controllers.