bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar Power Transforming the Face of Rural India: Climate Justice for All
Authors: Prema E. , Rajavenkatesan P.R.L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The word “environment” is difficult to define. Its normal meaning relates to surroundings. The environment itself is combination of physical, chemical and biological factors surrounding an organism. Environment provides us a number of renewable and a non-renewable energy source such as solar power, wind-energy, natural gas, hydropower, biofuels, coal, petroleum etc., Renewables energies are playing a vital role in augmenting Grid powers, provide energy access reducing consumption of fossil fuels and also provides India to pursue low carbon pathway. There are so many steps taken by the international community in order to promote the solar energy. The Sustainable Development Goal 7 ensures access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The Paris Climate Change Agreement, 2015 has given hope for the carbon emission mechanisms that must be followed by the state parties. In our daily lives, the community as a whole must focus on reducing our daily energy consumption, migrating to renewable resources, using greener transport and adopting environmentally friendly technologies. Being a collective problem, climate change and emission of carbon needs collective solution. It is not new to the developing nations as solar productsis often low quality and negative experiences with substandard generic products damaged the receptivity of the potential consumers. It is important to note here that affordable price and high-quality standard products should be produced in the country itself. The solar power project will reduce and lead to carbon emission. In this paper, the importance of solar power and its usage for rural India will be discussed in detail in order to ensure the green environment.
Effect of nanofluids in waste cooking oil biodiesel fuel: An experimental investigation on diesel engine characteristics
Authors: Ramanathan V , Jaikumar M , Induja S , SangeethKumar E , SasiKumar N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The diminishing crude oil source and the environmental effluence created by the fossil fuels have forced the researchers to search for an alternative source of energy. Many researchers found that Waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCOB) derived from waste cooking oil (WCO) could be an economic source of fuel for diesel engines because some of the properties of WCOB were found similar to diesel. Disposing of WCO in sewage has been a great concern for many countries. Instead of disposing, converting WCO into WCOB, using them in diesel engines could be the best choice of utilizing energy. In this context, WCOB was selected as a basic fuel. In the first phase, experimentation was carried out using WCOB. Single-cylinder, water-cooled diesel engine with full set up was used for experimentation. Then, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanofluid was prepared by a wet chemical method in two mass proportions of 50ppm and 100ppm and blended with WCOB and considered fuels as WCOBZ50 and WCOBZ100. These fuels were tested and readings were measured. The experimental results showed that the engine characteristics were found better for WCOBZ100 compared to neat WCOB. In the second phase, ZnO with Copper Oxide (CuO) mixed nanofluid was prepared in two mass proportions of 50ppm and 100ppm and considered fuels as WCOBZC50 and WCOBZC100. Then these fuels were tested and results were evaluated with previous results. Finally, it was found that greater improvement in engine output characteristics and extreme drop in emission gases for WCOBZC100 compared to other nano blends and neat WCOB.
Numerical study of thermal cooling for Lithium-ion battery pack using phase change material
Authors: Rohit Kumar K , Sharan V , Harish R , Shyam Kumar M B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to numerically investigate the battery thermal management of electric vehicles using phase change material. The lithium-ion batteries which are widely used in electric vehicles have an optimal operating temperature range from 25°C to 60°C, above which the battery does not operate effectively. There are various cooling methods such as active cooling method and passive cooling method. The present study is based on passive cooling method where the thermal performance of different phase change materials such as paraffin wax, extended graphene and capric acid are compared for different heat source intensities. The numerical simulation is performed using Ansys Fluent by considering the melting and solidification effects of the phase change materials. The investigation is performed by varying the thermo physical properties of the phase change materials and temperature of the battery packs. The results are analysed by plotting the temperature and velocity contours and the melting and heat transfer rates of different phase change materials are also compared. The results from the present study would be useful in identifying the ideal phase change material with improved thermal performance characteristics.
Thermal analysis of phase change materials inside a square enclosure
Authors: Bahuguna Aviral , Harish R. , Shyam Kumar M.B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Rising challenges in electric mobility and computing domain to control and condition the temperatures inside circuit boards and motor control drivers call for efficient and effective heat sink designs. Phase change materials come handy and have applications in conditioning temperatures in electronic devices. They prevent failures and increase their efficiencies at different temperatures and conditions. In the present study, the complex flow physics of phase change materials during melting is studied, inside a square enclosure with a heat source mounted at the bottom wall. The walls are assumed to be adiabatic, the material properties of heat source are that of silicon at 330K. The turbulent natural convection flow is modeled by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach using Reynolds averaged Navier-stokes equation (RANS) with Lambremhorst k-ε turbulence model. A finite difference method is employed to discretize the governing equations. An in-house CFD code was computed for simulating the convective heat transfer characteristics. The flow physics of three different phase change materials (n-Octadecane, PEG900, and Paraffin (RT60)) have been analysed for a fixed Grashof number value of 103. The transient flow characteristics are examined by plotting the stream function, velocity, and temperature variation with time of the phase change materials.
Study on Design modifications and feasibility in Conversion of scroll compressor into Scroll expander for using as battery charger.
Authors: Kottapalli Aparna , Rama Krishna K. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Scroll expanders are well suitable for low grade power production with an ORC. In this paper, scroll compressor design aspect in conversion to a compact scroll expander is taken. The major application of scroll expander is to generate power. The investigation of its application to charge batteries in automobiles is done to extend its application range. This analysis is done in two stages. In the first stage, a refrigeration scroll type compressor is taken to make it as a scroll type expander, as the availability of scroll type expanders are not wide in range. Its design modification has taken to make it compact and suitable for use as a battery charger with compressed air as working fluid. A mathematical simulation is done to find the design and thermodynamic properties like redesigning of the shaft to maintain eccentricity of rotating scroll and pressure ratio that influence the mechanical power developed in the scroll expander. A proto type of scroll expander is developed to conduct experiments for further analysis. In the second stage, the numerical feasibility analysis is done to verify the factors like speed and torque that influence the electrical power generated through mechanical work. In the trails carried, a voltage of 12.23 has been developed at inlet pressure of 15 bar and temperature of 303k.
Simulation of heat transfer characteristics of phase change material dispersed with Titanium oxide nanoparticles in horizontal channel
Authors: Sourang S , Harish S , Harish R , Shyam Kumar M B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phase Changing Materials (PCM) is proving to be one of the major breakthroughs in industries as it has various applications in sustainable and renewable energy. The present study investigates the melting and solidification of phase change material (ice) in the presence of titanium oxide nanoparticles in a horizontal channel with internal heat source. The parametric study is carried out by varying the inlet velocity, heat source strength and nanoparticle volume fractions. The problem is modeled as three-dimensional laminar steady flow considering the effects of melting and solidification using Ansys Fluent. The heat sources mounted at the lower wall of the channel are specified with constant wall temperature boundary condition and the remaining walls are considered as adiabatic. The forced velocity inlet boundary condition is specified for the longitudinal velocity at the inlet and pressure outlet boundary condition is considered at the outlet of the channel. The results are analyzed by plotting the pathlines, longitudinal velocity contours, pressure and temperature contours. The results indicate that the longitudinal inlet velocity significantly affects the flow and heat transfer characteristics inside the horizontal channel. The increase in inlet velocity strengthens the melting rate and increases the heat transfer rate inside the channel. It is also found that the melting rate increases linearly with increase in the heat source intensity and nanoparticle volume fraction.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Car Cabin Temperature under Solar Load Condition using Phase Change Materials
Authors: Srusti Bhargava , Aravind S , Yadhu K , Aashish V , Shyam Kumar M.B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cars kept in open have the tendency to attain temperatures far higher than the one prevailing in the surroundings. This condition is especially severe during summer months, and can cause a lot of discomfort to passengers, who re-occupy the car after parking it in the open for a while. Employing a Phase Change Material (PCM) can be a possible solution to control the car cabin temperature to a certain extent. This paper is focused on experimental and numerical study on employing a suitable PCM to control the car cabin temperature. Four different locations inside the car cabin namely roof, head, bottom and feet were selected for monitoring the temperature using temperature sensors. The effect of 90 minutes of exposure to the solar load is simulated by employing the Surface to Surface (S2S) radiation model available in ANSYS FLUENT 18.2. Experimental and numerical results conveyed the reduction in cabin average air temperature by ∼ 8°C after Placing the phase change material inside the four wheeler cabin. Comparison of Numerical and experimental results was carried out and the absolute average deviation in temperature predicted by S2S model from the experimental data is 9.93 %.
Effect of Phase Change Material and orientation angles on the efficiency of hexagonal solar Photo-voltaic module
Authors: Raj Chhetri Aditya , Russell John Barreto , Das Arunabha , Venugopal T. , Gobinath N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Electricity has been paid much attention towards its entry in all sectors of human life, ever long since its revolutionary invention. Networking the disconnected hamlets with reliable electricity is still found to be challenging in many countries, due to demographic conditions, where electricity remains elusive. Solar energy, a form of renewable energy that has been proved to be a viable alternative to fossil fuels could bea potential solution for regions with poor distribution of power. The present work aims t augmenting the solar energy harvesting in a PV module with a phase change material. A portable PV module is fabricated based on an innovative design including passive cooling with paraffin wax and arrangements for enhanced solar irradiation. The new design is tested for its performance at different temperatures and it is found that the module with PCM has shown 3% of increase in voltage generation over the conventional one. Also, paraffin wax is found to maintain the module temperature at 5% lesser than the normal one on an average. Five different angles of orientation of the mirrors say, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° & 90° with module axis are tested and it is observed that 60° is optimum in harvesting the voltage. The results revealed that the new design is more efficient and viable for its usage.
Prediction of Thermal Performance of Cooling Tower of a Chiller Plant Using Machine Learning
Authors: Karunamurthy K , Chatterjee Debdutta , Pattanashetti Shivam , Chhetri Aditya , Sevugan Aswin , Suganya G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Chiller plants (CP) are accountable for regulating the comfort levels of most indoor environments. The CP uses water as the working medium and acts as a centralized cooling system for the controlled cooling of products, in the different production environments, machine tool industries, 3D printing, packaging, heat exchanging systems and to preserve agricultural produce, dairy products, and other edible items. The CP under study is used for providing cooling to sixteen storeyed hostel building at VIT Chennai. The refrigerant used in this system is Tetra fluoro ethane (R134a). The chilled water (ChW) from the evaporator is circulated to the rooms in the hostel through the secondary circuit and the air handling unit exchanges chillness from the chilled water and finally supplies to the hostel rooms. The chilled water from the hostel returns to the evaporator in a closed loop. The cooling water (CW) from the condenser of the refrigeration system rejects heat to the cooling tower (CT). Thus the performance of the CT is directly linked to the performance of the cooling provided to the hostel rooms. The objective of this research is to predict the temperature at the outlet of the CT integrated with the CP using machine learning algorithms. The predicted values are compared with the measured values and with the values calculated theoretically. The results are analyzed using the standard metrics and are observed to be appreciable.
A Review of the Origin and Evolution of FSR Norms to Propose New Indices for Green Buildings
Authors: Vinoth Wilfer Geraj 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Construction technology has transformed into hyper technological mode due to convergence of science of building materials, AI simulations and IOT tools of building management. However, the regulators evaluation of the built up space remains static for decades since the emergence of mega cities since the end of the World War II. There is a gap in the domain of building evaluation corresponding to the converging technologies. This paper reviews the origin of FSR (floor space ratio) and proposes suggestions for introducing new norms that are similar and comprehensive when compared to FSR norms. It would be a key policy measure to scientifically ensure sustainable development in the construction industry to stimulate resilient building designs and construction practices.
Development of a Polygeneration System for a Rural Community
Authors: Kamesh M R , Girishkumar G S , Kajampady Aneesha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Energy plays a very important role in the economic development of a country. Almost 85% of the primary energy comes from fossil fuels. Meanwhile, it is necessary to reduce carbon footprints to protect environment from the way of production and consumption of energy. To overcome this, adoption of a poly-generation system is the most effective way. It can be said as one of the most effective method to enhance energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption and control environmental pollution. It is the combination of several renewable energy using systems in a way that the output of one system becomes the input for another. Also, a number of utility outputs are obtained. This way, the amount of useful energy in the given amount of input is harnessed to a maximum extent, thus maintaining a very high energy efficiency. In this present work, our objective is to propose a techno-economical and techno-feasible polygeneration system for the selected three villages by using Homer Pro software. For this number of renewable energy systems like solar PV, biomass, hydrokinetic systems, wind turbine, hydrogen etc. are combined in an optimal way suitable for 3 different villages in south India. This is done by taking into account the availability of resources in the corresponding geographic area and also the utility products/outputs and deliverables on demand with the aid of an energy software called Homer Pro.
Numerical investigation of aerodynamic performance of a H-Darrieus wind turbine under turbulent flows
Authors: Mason Ashley A. , Harish R. , Shyam Kumar M.B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present study, numerical investigation is performed on a H-Darrieus wind turbine under turbulent flow conditions. The turbine contains 3 rotor foils, NACA-0012 with 0° angle of attack, placed at 120° apart from each other, with rotor casing close to the airfoil. The inlet is considered to be velocity inlet and outlet to be pressure outlet while the side walls are given symmetric boundary conditions, as the walls are considered to be infinity. The airfoils are rotating at 150 R.P.M.. The meshing is done using Hexa-Dominant element to capture the flow very precisely and inflations are given wherever necessary. The problem is considered as two-dimensional, and the analysis of the model under the condition of turbulent flow is modeled using S.S.T-k-ω turbulence model. Simulation is performed using finite volume solver Ansys Fluent 2019-R2. The performance of the H-Darrieus wind turbine is analyzed, by varying the wind speed and turbine rotational speed. The further investigations are performed by comparing the flow characteristics between a stationary and rotating turbine. The results are analyzed by plotting the streamlines, velocity and pressure contours. The flow is analyzed at 6m/s, 8m/s, 10m/s as inlet freestream velocity and also by varying the rotor dimension, which was initially made as small as possible. The results indicate that the wind speed and rotational speed significantly influences the significant aero characteristics of the model of the wind turbine. The present results are validated and are in good accord with the benchmark results available in literature.
Environmental impact assessment on renewable energy: A review
Authors: Yadav Arunkumar , Hema H C , Shivakumara M J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this modern era, urbanization is increasing at a higher rate; also the government is already planned for smart cities as well. In one word we can call it is a digital world. Hence the energy consumption is increased rapidly. In recent times several probable keys to the existing environmental concerns related to toxic pollutant discharges have developed to identify and decision making for sustainable energy resolutions connected with green buildings to come across future energy demands. There are renewable sources and they are utilized in a greater manner. In this paper, an attempt is made to review on different Renewable sources of energy like wind and tidal energy, hydropower, sugarcane ethanol, water pumping systems, the concept of green buildings, lignocellulosic bioethanol, solar energy, and Li-Ion batteries. The review includes both advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned energy sources. This Paper gives a brief discussion of different sources of renewable energy and their impact on the environment.
Zonal-distributed structuring of working bodies of the agricultural sector
Authors: Motorin V A , Gapich D S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Increasing the wear resistance of working bodies of tillage machines is an urgent problem of the agricultural sector. During the operation of tillage machines, their working bodies, including cutting blades, are subjected to dynamic loads, abrasive and chemical effects of the external environment, which provokes their wear. A promising direction for increasing the wear resistance of chisel bit cutting blades is to manufacture them from gray cast iron, which has the ability to bleach, i.e. it can form a very hard and wear - resistant cementite eutectic (ledeburite) along with graphite eutectic. The results of comparative tests for wear of medium-carbon and high-carbon steels after thermal hardening and a sample of gray cast iron SHC 30 are presented. The optimal method of strengthening chisel plough bits cast from gray cast iron is proposed, which allows to increase their wear resistance. Replacing expensive materials, alloys and technologies with non-alloyed cast iron with a wear-resistant structure will significantly reduce the cost of working bodies of tillage machines. Proposals for the technology of obtaining castings for the manufacture of working bodies of tillage machines will improve their operational reliability.
Tillage implement with vibrating working body
Authors: Kosulnikov R A , Konovalov P V , Gapich D S , Karsakov A A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A tillage implement with a vibrating working body based on a chisel cultivator allows to reduce the implement traction resistance by creating resonance to 35%. The use of an eccentric vibration generator contributes to a significant reduction in tillage operation energy costs, due to the decrease in the strength characteristics of the soil itself, without leaving the agrotechnological requirements framework.
Development and study of automatic monitoring system of temperature and humidity in a bioreactor
Authors: Volkov I V , Kuhktik M P , Lebed N I , Makarov A M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop the automated system of organic waste processing. The existing devices have been analyzed and their disadvantages have been revealed with the aim to create more perfect system. The construction of robot system of organic waste processing has been developed. A mathematical model of physical processes inside a bioreactor has been developed. Optimal parameters for effective, fast and high-quality conduct of the process have been revealed during the modeling. The experimental plant has been created for carrying out the study. All that allows to create modern, functional and autonomous system, which will meet all requirements of environmental security.