bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of textile dyeing effluent and its treatment using polyaluminum chloride
Authors: Islam M. Rafiqul , Mostafa M. G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study aimed to expose the level of pollution owing to textile dyeing effluents and assess the coagulant efficiency of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) for treating the textile dyeing effluents. The discharged of untreated textile dyeing effluents have severely polluted water and soils, threatened the entire environment. The study analyzed the discharged and treated effluents using standard methods of analysis. The optimized parameters of the coagulant PAC were the dose, contact time, temperature, and agitation speed. The color removal efficiency study observed that the coagulant PAC removed the color from 85 to 95% of three dyeing effluents at optimum conditions. The result showed that the maximum reduction of EC, TDS, TSS, COD, BOD, Cl−, HCO3−and SO42−were found to be 83.66, 85.7, 82.05, 82.05, 83.45, 66.91, 66.91 and 72.88%, respectively. It also showed that the coagulant efficiently reduced heavy metals and the highest percentage of reduction achieved was 72.7 and 98.52 for Fe and Pb, respectively, from the effluents. Hence, the PAC would be a potential coagulant for treating the textile dyeing effluents that help to build a sustainable environment.
Estimating suspended sediment concentration at different time scales in Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Tachi Salah Eddine , Bouguerra Hamza , Derdous Oussama , Djabri Larbi , Benmamar Saâdia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is known that water erosion and their suspended sediments transport, generally in the Maghreb region and particularly in Algeria, record very high values; knowledge of these sediments is a very important step in planning erosion control measures. In this study, we modeled and quantified suspended sediment in the Ressoul wadi, Seybouse basin in northeastern Algeria. The study was carried out at different time scales, during a period of 32 years from 1968/69 to 1999/2000 by establishing regressions between the measured sediment concentration and the water discharge at the watershed outlet. The results obtained by the proposed method indicate that the use of two regressions based on means of discharge classes technique reveals very good estimation of the suspended sediment load in the Ressoul wadi, with an error of 3.04% and a specific average degradation transported to the downstream of the watershed of 316.45 t/km2/year in the period of 32 years.
Influence of contact points of helicopter skid landing gears on ground resonance stability
Authors: Lojewski Reinhard , Kessler Christoph , Bartels Rainer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoft-in-plane rotor systems are susceptible to a self-induced vibration phenomenon called ground resonance. This dynamic instability results from lag motions of the rotor blades coupling with airframe degrees of freedom, while the helicopter is in ground contact. As an addition to slope landing studies in the past and investigations of non-linear landing gear effects, this work focuses on a systematic study of partial skid contact. A ground resonance test environment was created. It encompasses 3D helicopter models with flexible landing gear models using direct finite-element models and applying modal reduction to embed CAD-derived landing gear models. Both approaches are used in a multibody dynamics simulation. The models showed acceptable results for the simulation of non-linear dynamic behaviour including typical non-linear effects like limit cycles. Special focus is given to different methods of contact simulation, using 3D spring–damper elements and polygonal contact elements for multi-directional contacts. The simulations showed two counteracting effects for partial ground contact and time-variant contact conditions. On one hand, the reduction of restoring forces in partial ground contact should lead to more unstable conditions. On the other hand, energy dissipation shows a larger influence on the system stability behaviour after a sudden disturbance. This effect is of high interest for soft, partial landing conditions.
The effect of fumigation with microencapsulated allyl isothiocyanate in a gas-barrier bag against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Sakamoto Hironori , Asai Hiromi , Yasoshima Masamitsu , Lin Hui-Min , Goka Koichi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRed imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), which are among the most harmful alien ants, were first detected in Japan in a shipping container from China in May 2017, and continue to enter Japan via this trade pathway. Fumigation is one of the most effective ways to eliminate S. invicta from goods transported in containers. The present study is the first to evaluate the effect of fumigation with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against S. invicta. Fumigation using microencapsulated AITC pellets in a gas-barrier bag for 24 h completely killed S. invicta. Furthermore, our fumigation system was able to maintain a high concentration of AITC vapor for at least 13 days. AITC, a naturally occurring compound in wasabi [Eutrema japonicum (Miq.) Koidz], has been demonstrated to be safe for humans and the environment, but its use as a fumigant is limited by its strong volatility and pungency. However, its encapsulation solves this problem by allowing controlled vapor release. Thus, the use of microencapsulated AITC in combination with a gas-barrier bag has considerable potential to provide an effective and easy-to-use protocol for fumigation of S. invicta.
Research progress on permeability improvement mechanisms and technologies of coalbed deep-hole cumulative blasting
Authors: Guo Deyong , Lv Pengfei , Zhao Jiechao , Zhang Chao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoalbed gas extraction is an important means of exploiting and utilizing gas resources, as well as a means of preventing coal mine disasters. In view of the low gas extraction rate from coalbeds with high gas content and low permeability, a method of improving permeability through deep-hole cumulative blasting is applied to develop initial directional fractures using a jet flow. Under the action of the blasting stress wave and detonation gas wedge, the fractures extend over a large range within the coal, thereby improving coalbed permeability. This study focuses on the criteria of cumulative blasting-induced coalbed fracturing based on a literature review of the penetration effect of cumulative blasting. On this basis, we summarize the coal fracturing zone, crack extension process, and the key technologies of charging and hole sealing for cumulative blasting. In addition, the latest research progress in the optimization of field test drilling and blasting parameters for cumulative blasting is introduced. Research findings indicate that the permeability improvement mechanism of cumulative blasting could be further enhanced, and the technology and technical equipment are in urgent need of improvement. Finally, development trends in the cumulative blasting permeability improvement technique are identified.
Monitoring Large-Scale Rail Transit Systems Based on an Analytic Hierarchy Process/Gradient-Based Cuckoo Search Algorithm (GBCS) Scheme
Authors: Talib Nihad Hasan , Hasnan Khalid Bin , Nawawi Azli Bin , Abdullah Haslina Binti , Elewe Adel Muhsin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCondition monitoring is used as a tool for maintenance management and function as input to decision support. Thus the key parameters in preventing severe damage to railway assets can be determined by automatic real-time monitoring. The technique of radio-frequency identification (RFID) is increasingly applied for the automatic real-time monitoring and control of railway assets, which employs radio waves without the use of physical contact. In this work, a 243-km2 area of Kuala Lumpur was selected. Because of its large size, determining the locations in which to install the RFID readers for monitoring the bogie components in the Kuala Lumpur railway system is a very complex task. The task involved three challenges: first, finding an optimal evolutionary method for railway network planning in order to deploy the RFID system in a large-area; second, identifying the large area that involved functional features; third, determining which station or stations should be given priority in applying the RFID system to achieve the most effective monitoring of the trains. The first challenge was solved by using a gradient-base cuckoo search algorithm for RFID system deployment. The second challenge was solved by determining all necessary information using geographic information system (GIS) resources. Because of the huge volume of data collected from GIS, it was found that the best method for eliminating data was to develop a new clustering model to separate the useful from the unuseful data and to identify the most suitable stations. Finally, the data set was reduced by developing a specific filter, and the information collected was tested by an analytic hierarchy process as a technique to determine the best stations for system monitoring and control. The results showed the success of the proposed method in solving the significant challenge of large-scale area conditions correlated with multi-objective RFID functions. The method provides high reliability in working with complex and dynamic data.
Keine Angst vor der Digitalisierung! Zum Stand digitalisierter Arbeitsanforderungen in verschiedenen Industriebranchen und Tätigkeitsfeldern sowie Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastung, Ressourcen und Beanspruchungsfolgen in Deutschland
Authors: Härtwig Christian , Sapronova Anna 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war es, den Stand der Digitalisierung in zwölf Industriebranchen in Deutschland zu untersuchen. In der Fragebogen-Erhebung unter 14.007 Beschäftigten zeigte sich, dass die Digitalisierung oft noch am Anfang steht und primär durch den Einsatz von IKT-Systemen geprägt ist. Unterschiede zwischen acht verschiedenen Blue- und White-Collar-Tätigkeitsfeldern fallen statistisch bedeutsamer aus als zwischen einzelnen Branchen in Hinblick auf die Nutzung digitaler Arbeitsmittel, Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen. Überraschenderweise zeigt sich eine hohe Bereitschaft und Zuversicht der Beschäftigten, die Veränderungen der Digitalisierung zu bewältigen; Befürchtungen und Unsicherheiten spielen in der Breite der Belegschaften eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Anhand eines Strukturgleichungsmodells werden Wirkzusammenhänge zwischen allgemeinen sowie digitalisierungsspezifischen Arbeitsanforderungen und Ressourcen, Aspekten der beruflich-sozialen Entkopplung und psychischen Beanspruchungsfolgen deutlich. Mögliche Ergänzungen theoretischer Modelle werden diskutiert sowie Anregungen für Forschung und betriebliche Praxis skizziert.Praktische Relevanz:In diesem Beitrag werden Ansätze zur Regulierung allgemeiner und digitalisierungsspezifischer Belastung sowie Stärkung arbeitsbezogener und persönlicher digitaler Ressourcen aufgezeigt. Dabei sollten Besonderheiten verschiedener Tätigkeitsfelder stärker berücksichtigt werden als Unterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Branchen. Trotz grundsätzlich positiver Befunde wird vorgeschlagen, Tendenzen beruflich-sozialer Entkopplung frühzeitig entgegenzuwirken.
The effectiveness of adding tramadol versus fentanyl as an adjuvant to bupivacaine on brachial plexus block: A double blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Allene Mengesha Dessie , Alimawu Agmuas Asichale , Abate Semagn Mekonen , Alemnew Efrem Fenta 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Anesthesia and analgesia for surgeries to the upper extremity are commonly provided using the brachial plexus block. Tramadol and fentanyl are used to fasten the onset and prolong the duration of the axillary brachial plexus block, but their relative efficacy is not well established.

Methodology:
The study was conducted on 63 patients who underwent hand, wrist and forearm surgeries. Patients were randomly allocated in to three groups. Group T (n = 21) received 100 mg tramadol + 0.25% bupivacaine, group F (n = 21) received 50 μg fentanyl + 0.25% bupivacaine and group B (n = 21) received 0.25% bupivacaine. Parametric data and non-parametric data was analyzed by ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H tests respectively. Chi-square test was used to assess the association of dependent and independent variables of categorical data. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Result:
There was no statistically significant difference regarding demographic variables. Time onset of sensory and motor block was shorter in group F than group T and group B (p < 0.001). Duration of sensory blockade was longer in the group T than group F and group B (P < 0.001). Time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in group T and F when compared with group B and significantly longer in group T when compared with group F (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Addition of tramadol or fentanyl to bupivacaine in axillary block fastens the onset and prolongs its duration. Tramadol is superior to fentanyl in terms of duration.

Trial registration number:
PACTR202001635673534.

Highlights:
Three funerary inscriptions from Roman Tripolitania and observations on tombs in the Jefara plain
Authors: Elmayer Abdulhafid F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article provides the edition and commentary of two Punic and one Latin funerary inscription of Roman imperial date from inland areas of Tripolitania. The first two texts were discovered at Al-Brahama village in the vicinity of Al-Rujban in the Western Jebel district of Libya. The first is neo-Punic, the second is Latin. The neo-Punic inscription consists of seven lines, of which the first four lines are legible and their translation is unproblematic. However, the rest are illegible as a result of damage to the stone. The Latin inscription consists of four lines that are easy to read and translate. Finally a reinterpretation of an already published text (HNPI Tarhuna N1) from the area between Tarhuna and Garyan is presented, and some observations on tombs in the Jefara plain.
In Situ EBSD Study of Stable Cube Texture in an Advanced Composite Substrate Used in YBCO-Coated Conductors
Authors: Ji Yaotang , Suo Hongli , Zhang ZiLi , Ma Lin , Li Jiazhi , Zhang Chenxi , Wu Xinyu , Kausar Shaheen , Cui Jin , Liu Min , Wang Yi , Wang Qiuliang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdvanced Ni8W/Ni12W/Ni8W alloy composite substrates used in YBCO-coated conductors with a strong cube texture and high yield strength have been fabricated, and a CeO2 buffer layer film was successfully deposited on the composite substrates. Through in situ tensile testing coupled with electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, the stability of the cube texture of Ni8W/Ni12W/Ni8W alloy composite substrates has been investigated. The stress–strain curve shows that the yield strength (at 0.2% strain) of the composite substrates exceeds 250 Mpa. The orientation of grains and boundaries on the surface of the substrates was almost unchanged, while the strain exceeds 0.2%, which indicated that the composite substrates are adequate for depositing buffer layers and YBCO layers by the reel-to-reel process.
THE ALTERNATIVE KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION IN ELASTODYNAMICS WITH APPLICATIONS IN ULTRASONIC NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Authors: FRADKIN L. J. , DJAKOU A. K. , PRIOR C. , DARMON M. , CHATILLON S. , CALMON P.-F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Kirchhoff approximation is widely used to describe the scatter of elastodynamic waves. It simulates the scattered field as the convolution of the free-space Green’s tensor with the geometrical elastodynamics approximation to the total field on the scatterer surface and, therefore, cannot be used to describe nongeometrical phenomena, such as head waves. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that an alternative approximation, the convolution of the far-field asymptotics of the Lamb’s Green’s tensor with incident surface tractions, has no such limitation. This is done by simulating the scatter of a critical Gaussian beam of transverse motions from an infinite plane. The results are of interest in ultrasonic nondestructive testing.
Phlebosclerosis in lower extremities veins – a systematic review
Authors: Tepelenis Kostas , Papathanakos Georgios , Barbouti Alexandra , Paraskevas Georgios , Kitsouli Aikaterini , Alexandra Kefala Maria , Tepelenis Nikolaos , Kanavaros Panagiotis , Kitsoulis Panagiotis 
Published: April 2020

Summary. Phlebosclerosis is a venous wall degenerative disease which has gained little popularity in the literature due to its uncertain clinical significance. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology and clinical significance of phlebosclerosis in lower extremities veins, particularly the effect of preexisting phlebosclerosis of the great saphenous vein on vein graft patency. Medline was searched from inception until November 1, 2019. Reference lists of included studies were scanned. Only articles published after 1949 were included. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text papers for any study design in relation to phlebosclerosis in lower extremities veins and abstracted data. A total of 16 Cohort studies and one case-control study (3708 participants, mean age 61.8 years, 59.3 % men, and 40.7 % women) were included after screening 317 titles and abstracts, and 80 full-text articles. The incidence of phlebosclerosis ranged from 1.5–9.7 % depending on the radiological features. On the contrary, the incidence of the phlebosclerotic great saphenous vein prior to its use as a vein graft was 26.9–91 % on histological examination. The small saphenous vein was the most common location of phlebosclerosis followed by the great saphenous vein. There is a link between phlebosclerosis and age, venous insufficiency and haemodialysis. As for the vein graft patency seven studies demonstrated a correlation between preexisting phlebosclerosis and vein graft stenosis, whereas three studies failed to prove any association. In conclusion, the radiological incidence of phlebosclerosis depended on the ultrasound findings. Its presence in the great saphenous vein prior to its use as a vein graft is established on histological examination. The small saphenous vein is mainly affected. Risk factors included age, haemodialysis, and venous insufficiency. Preexisting wall thickness of the great saphenous vein graft seemed to affect negatively its patency in bypass surgery.
Assessment of Four Near‐Surface Soil Freeze/Thaw Detection Algorithms Based on Calibrated Passive Microwave Remote Sensing Data Over China
Authors: Shao Wanwan , Zhang Tingjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe near‐surface soil freeze/thaw (F/T) cycle affects the surface energy balance, hydrological processes, and soil greenhouse gas release. Passive microwave remote sensing data are the most widely used method for determining the near‐surface soil F/T status. While many algorithms have been developed for this purpose, their performance has never been compared using same and large in situ data set. Here, we evaluate and inter‐compare the classification results of the four most widely used algorithms using a large ground truth data set covering China. Based on the ground observations, our evaluation shows a wide range of near‐surface soil F/T detection performance, with Cohen's kappa coefficient ranging from 0.42 to 0.72 and an overall accuracy between 73.8% and 86.2%. We suggest performing parameter calibration for the decision tree algorithm and the discriminant function algorithm before applying them to areas outside of the training sites. All these four algorithms exhibited remarkable uncertainty in the detection of the onset and offset of near‐surface soil freezing with root mean squared errors of more than 27 days. These results suggest that careful cautions should be taken when outputs of these algorithms are used for investigations of long‐term changes.
Polar Electron Content From GPS Data‐Based Global Ionospheric Maps: Assessment, Case Studies, and Climatology
Authors: Hernández‐Pajares Manuel , Lyu Haixia , Aragón‐Àngel Àngela , Monte‐Moreno Enric , Liu Jingbin , An Jiachun , Jiang Hu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe electron content distribution of the north and south polar ionosphere from 2001 to the beginning of 2019 is analyzed by using the UQRG global ionospheric map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC), computed every 15 min by UPC‐IonSAT with a tomographic‐kriging combined technique. We first show that the accuracy of UQRG GIM is slightly better than that of the GIMs of other analysis centers on the whole and also over both poles. Second, we show examples of polar VTEC features in UQRG GIM, previously reported by different authors and with higher‐resolution techniques. Third, by means of an unsupervised clustering algorithm, learning vector quantization, we characterize the main features of the ionospheric electron content climatology, separately for the north and south polar regions.
Contextualizing Marine Heatwaves in the Southern California Bight Under Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Fumo James T. , Carter Melissa L. , Flick Reinhard E. , Rasmussen Linda L. , Rudnick Daniel L. , Iacobellis Sam F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn early August 2018, record‐high sea surface temperatures were recorded in the 102 year old Scripps Institution of Oceanography daily temperature time series (SIOT) at La Jolla, CA, USA. The previous record of 25.8 °C, set in July 1931, was broken four times over 9 days, peaking at 26.4 °C on 9 August 2018. Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature data suggest that the marine heatwave (MHW) manifested in the northern half of the Baja California Peninsula, tapering off into the Southern California Bight. Here we use the Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature data to categorize this MHW as severe with relatively high maximum intensity (3.9 °C) and long duration (44 days) when compared to other events in the time series. Glider profiles show that the thermal anomaly was largest near the surface and extended to at least 100 m depth. By detrending the SIOT to remove the long‐term anthropogenic climate signal and comparing the resulting data set to the unadjusted, we contextualize this MHW with respect to the entire time series and demonstrate that the long‐term trend played a crucial role in amplifying the intensity and duration of the MHW. In this case, the anthropogenic warming signal in the SIOT accounts for an additional 19 MHW days (from 24 to 43) and an increase in cumulative intensity of 56.8 °C (from 83.1 to 139.9).