bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Role of Organic Spacers for Bright 2D Layered Perovskites Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Tsai Hsinhan , Liu Cunming , Kinigstein Eli , Li Mingxing , Tretiak Sergei , Cotlet Mircea , Ma Xuedan , Zhang Xiaoyi , Nie Wanyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) made with quasi‐2D/3D and layered perovskites have undergone an unprecedented surge as their external quantum efficiency (EQE) is rapidly approaching other lighting technologies. Manipulating the charge recombination pathway in semiconductors is highly desirable for improving the device performance. This study reports high‐performance layered perovskites LEDs with benzyl ring as spacer where radiative recombination lifetime is longer, compared with much shorter alkyl chain spacer yields. Based on detailed optical and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, direct signature of charges localization is observed near the band edge in exchange with the shallow traps in benzyl organics containing layered perovskites. As a result, it boosts the photoluminescence intensity by 7.4 times compared to that made with the alkyl organics. As a demonstration, a bright LED made with the benzyl organics with current efficiency of 23.46 ± 1.52 cd A−1 is shown when the device emits at a high brightness of 6.6 ± 0.93 × 104 cd m−2. The average EQE is 9.2% ± 1.43%, two orders of magnitude higher than the device made with alkyl organics. The study suggests that the choices of organic spacers provide a path toward the manipulation of charge recombination, essential for efficient optoelectronic device fabrications.
Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon footprint under gravel mulching on China's Loess Plateau
Authors: Wang Donglin , Li Yi , Zhang Tibin , Zhou Lifeng , Ge Jiankun , Zhang Lei , Dyck Miles , Feng Hao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGravel mulching technology has been widely verified as an effective solution to reduce evaporation and improve crop production on China's Loess Plateau, but its impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have not been well documented. This study examined the quantification of the overall GHG emissions via estimating global warming potential (GWP), GHG intensity (GHGI), C footprint (CF), and C intensity (CI) with varying experimental treatments. A 2‐yr consecutive wheat–maize rotation field experiment was conducted through monitoring GHG emissions using a closed‐chamber method with four treatments: CK (control with no mulching), WCK (CK plus 50 mm irrigation), GM (CK plus gravel mulching), and WGM (WCK plus GM). Compared with the CK, gravel mulching significantly decreased soil CO2 emissions and increased soil CH4 uptake over both cycles, although patterns of soil N2O emissions were controversial. Mixed effects of gravel mulching and irrigation significantly minimized the GWP over both cycles. Compared with the CK, annual GHGI in the WCK, GM, and WGM treatments dramatically decreased by 35.1, 53.7, and 55.9%, respectively, over Cycle 1 and by 16.7, 19.6, and 37.2%, respectively, over Cycle 2. The average CFs in the WCK, GM, and WGM treatments over both cycles were 4.4, 35.0, and 58.7% lower than in the CK, respectively. Gravel mulching had no significant effect on the CI during Cycle 1 but did have a significant effect during Cycle 2. Thus, gravel mulching is a recommended practice to mitigate GHG emissions and enhance the crop productivity on the Loess Plateau of China.
Cantu syndrome: A longitudinal review of vascular findings in three individuals
Authors: Parrott Ashley , Lombardo Rachel , Brown Nicole , Tretter Justin T. , Riley Laura , Weaver Kathryn Nicole 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCantu syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by missense variants in ABCC9 and KCNJ8. It is characterized by hypertrichosis, neonatal macrosomia, coarse facial features, and skeletal anomalies. Reported cardiovascular anomalies include cardiomegaly, structural defects, collateral vessels, and rare report of arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Arterial dilation is reported in a few individuals including one with surgical intervention for a thoracic aortic aneurysm. The natural history of this aortopathy including the rate of progression or risk for dissection is unknown and longitudinal patient data is unavailable. We present data from vascular imaging in three individuals with genetically confirmed Cantu syndrome over 3 to 14 years of follow‐up. All patients had generally stable aortic dilation, which did not reach the surgical threshold, including one individual followed closely through pregnancy. In adulthood, one individual had a maximum ascending aortic measurement of 4.2 cm. Two pediatric patients had aortic root or ascending z‐scores of approximately +3. A large asymptomatic pelvic AVM was identified in one individual on head‐pelvis MRI. While the data reported in these individuals is reassuring regarding the risk for progressive disease, further data from additional individuals with Cantu syndrome is needed to best inform screening recommendations, improve understanding of dissection risk, and guide management.
Polytetrafluoroethylene‐intercalated MXene membranes with good photothermal performance for enhanced laser ignition
Authors: Deng Hanyue , Liao Jun , Piao Junyu , Zhang Yong , He Simin , Zhou Qing , Li Yi , Zhang Long 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhotothermal effect has been widely used in many areas such as cancer therapy, photothermal energy harvesting, and laser ignition. However, exploring reliable and efficient free‐standing energy converter for enhancing the photothermal performance is still a challenge. Herein, free‐standing membrane based on two‐dimensional MXene (Ti3C2) nanosheets and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was fabricated and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, which demonstrated a drastic temperature rise by laser irradiation and was further used as energy converter for enhancing the photothermal performance of laser ignition. Furthermore, the initiating power of the laser initiator can be largely reduced by adding a thin layer of MXene/PTFE membrane above the B/KNO3 cylinder. This work can give great promise for MXene‐based membranes as the laser energy converter for reducing the initiating energy and promote the development of laser initiators with low initiating energy.
Three Brothers With Autism Carry a Stop‐Gain Mutation in the HPA‐Axis Gene NR3C2
Authors: Cukier Holly N. , Griswold Anthony J. , Hofmann Natalia K. , Gomez Lissette , Whitehead Patrice L. , Abramson Ruth K. , Gilbert John R. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: February 2020

Whole exome sequencing and copy‐number variant analysis was performed on a family with three brothers diagnosed with autism. Each of the siblings shares an alteration in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 (NR3C2) gene that is predicted to result in a stop‐gain mutation (p.Q919X) in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) protein. This variant was maternally inherited and provides further evidence for a connection between the NR3C2 and autism. Interestingly, the NR3C2 gene encodes the MR protein, a steroid hormone‐regulated transcription factor that acts in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and has been connected to stress and anxiety, both of which are features often seen in individuals with autism. Autism Res 2020, 13: 523–531. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryGiven the complexity of the genetics underlying autism, each gene contributes to risk in a relatively small number of individuals, typically less than 1% of all autism cases. Whole exome sequencing of three brothers with autism identified a rare variant in the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 gene that is predicted to strongly interfere with its normal function. This gene encodes the mineralocorticoid receptor protein, which plays a role in how the body responds to stress and anxiety, features that are often elevated in people diagnosed with autism. This study adds further support to the relevance of this gene as a risk factor for autism.
Enzyme‐based detection of epoxides using colorimetric assay integrated with smartphone imaging
Authors: Gul Ijaz , Bogale Tadesse Fantaye , Deng Jiao , Chen Yong , Fang Ruiqin , Feng Juan , Tang Lixia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpoxides are widely used chemicals, the determination of which is of paramount importance. Herein, we present an enzyme‐based approach for noninstrumental detection of epoxides in standard solution and environmental samples. Halohydrin dehalogenase (HheC) as a biological recognition element and epichlorohydrin as a model analyte were evaluated for sensing. The detection is based on the color change of the pH indicator dye bromothymol blue caused by the HheC‐catalyzed ring‐opening of the epoxide substrate. The color change is then exploited for the determination of epoxide using a smartphone as an image acquisition and data processing device, eliminating the need for computer‐based image analysis software. The color parameters were systematically evaluated to determine the optimum quantitative analytical parameter. Under optimal conditions, the proposed enzyme‐based detection system showed a linear range of 0.13–2 mM with a detection limit of 0.07 mM and an assay time of 8 Min. In addition, the repeatability expressed as relative standard deviation was found to be below 5% (n = 6). Validation with gas chromatographic analyses showed that the proposed enzyme‐based epoxide detection could be an alternative way in the quantitative determination of epoxides, and particularly useful in resource‐limited settings.
Triebfahrzeuge und Fahrzeug‐Brücken‐Interaktion in der dynamischen Berechnung von Eisenbahnbrücken
Authors: Glatz Bernhard , Bettinelli Lara , Fink Josef 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBei der dynamischen Berechnung von Eisenbahnbrücken können die überfahrenden Züge durch verschiedene Ansätze modelliert werden. Sofern die Fahrzeuge als Mehrkörpersystem aus gefederten und gedämpften Einzelmassen abstrahiert werden, ist die Fahrzeug‐Brücken‐Interaktion zufolge der mit dem Tragwerk mitschwingenden Fahrzeugmassen im Modell berücksichtigt. Um diesen Effekt im Vergleich zu vereinfachten Zugmodellen aus überfahrenden Einzelkräften zu untersuchen, wurden zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Studien durchgeführt. Oftmals werden dabei die Triebfahrzeuge nicht mitgerechnet, um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Anregung des Tragwerks zu erzielen. In diesem Beitrag wird einerseits der Einfluss der Triebfahrzeuge auf die dynamische Tragwerksantwort von Einfeldträgerbrücken in Beton‐ und Stahlbauweise untersucht, andererseits wird die Frage behandelt, ob die Ergebnisse von Studien zur Fahrzeug‐Brücken‐Interaktion für Eisenbahnzüge ohne Triebfahrzeug auch auf die reale Situation von Zügen mit Triebfahrzeug anwendbar sind. Dazu werden dynamische Berechnungen an einem Parameterfeld fiktiver Einfeldträgerbrücken für den österreichischen Hochgeschwindigkeitszug „Railjet“ durchgeführt.
Cutaneous nerve fields of the anteromedial lower limb—Determination with selective ultrasound‐guided nerve blockade
Authors: Riegler Georg , Pivec Christopher , Jengojan Suren , Mayer Johannes A. , Schellen Christoph , Trattnig Siegfried , Bodner Gerd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the peripheral cutaneous nerve fields (CNF), their variability, and potential overlap by selectively blocking the intermediate (IFCN) and medial (MFCN) femoral cutaneous nerves and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve (IPBSN) in healthy volunteers.MethodsIn this prospective study, ultrasound‐guided nerve blockades of the IFCN, MFCN, and IPBSN in 14 healthy volunteers were administered. High‐frequency probes (15–22 MHz) and 1 ml of 1% lidocaine per nerve were used. The area of sensory loss was determined using a pinprick, and all fields were drawn on volunteers' skin. A three‐dimensional (3D) scan of all lower limbs was obtained and the three CNF and their potential overlap were measured.ResultsThe mean size of innervation areas showed a high variability of peripheral CNF, with 258.58 ± 148.26 mm2 (95% CI, 169–348.18 mm2) for the IFCN, 193.26 ± 72.08 mm2 (95% CI, 124.45–262.08 mm2) for the MFCN, and 166.78 ± 121.30 mm2 (95% CI, 94.1–239.46 mm2) for the IPBSN. In 11 volunteers, we could evaluate an overlap between the IFCN and MFCN (range, 4.11–139.68 ± 42.70 mm2), and, in 10 volunteers, between the MFCN and IPBSN (range, 11.12–224.95 ± 79.61 mm2). In only three volunteers was an overlap area found between the IFCN and IPBSN (range, 7.46–224.95 ± 88.88 mm2). The 3D‐scans confirmed the high variability of the peripheral CNF.ConclusionsOur study successfully determined CNF, their variability, and the overlap of the MFCN, IFCN, and IPBSN in healthy volunteers. Therefore, we encourage physicians to use selective nerve blockades to correctly determine peripheral CNF at the anteromedial lower limb.
MicroRNA‐320a inhibits invasion and metastasis in osteosarcoma by targeting cytoplasmic polyadenylation element‐binding protein 1
Authors: Wang Yanlong , Yang Jiyu , Chen Pangtao , Song Yu , An Weizheng , Zhang Haoran , Butegeleqi Butegeleqi , Yan Jinglong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a primary malignant bone tumor, which affects children, adolescents, and young adults commonly. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been proved to be dysregulated in different cancers, including osteosarcoma. Although miR‐320a has been implicated in many types of malignancies, little is known about the role of miR‐320a in osteosarcoma. In this study, we show that the overexpression of miR‐320a or knockdown of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element‐binding protein 1 (CPEB1) inhibited osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. miR‐320a downregulates CPEB1 expression by directly targeting the CPEB1 3′‐UTR. Furthermore, CPEB1 reintroduction reversed the antiproliferation, antimigration, and antiinvasion roles of miR‐320a, indicating that miR‐320a might function as a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma through CPEB1. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that miR‐320a plays a critical role in osteosarcoma progression and may provide a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Managing Antral Wall Discontinuities in Sinus Elevation Surgery
Authors: Capetillo Joseph F. , Johnson Thomas M. , Swenson Dane T. , Herold Robert W. 
Published: February 2020

IntroductionSchneiderian membrane perforation (SMP), which is usually readily manageable, is the most common intraoperative complication of sinus elevation surgery. Some evidence suggests that SMP is associated with increased risk for postoperative complications, including maxillary sinusitis. Antral wall discontinuity (AWD) is an acquired condition that may increase SMP likelihood and lead to larger, less‐manageable perforations.Case PresentationA generally healthy patient receiving sinus elevation surgery exhibited an AWD in the palatine process of the maxilla. The osseous defect was isolated intraoperatively, and the Schneiderian membrane was sharply dissected from the palatal connective tissue. Favorable augmentation of the maxillary sinus was noted on cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment at postoperative month 34.ConclusionsAWD (fusion of the Schneiderian membrane with the periosteum of the maxilla) is a condition identifiable on preoperative CBCT images, which may increase the incidence and severity of SMP during sinus elevation procedures. Careful assessment for integrity of antral osseous walls before surgery is essential. Presence of AWD may obligate modifications to the surgical plan, or in some cases, contraindicate sinus elevation surgery.
Sulfonated Pyrene as a Photoregulator for Single‐Stranded DNA Looping
Authors: Xu Jie , Miyamoto Shunichi , Tojo Sachiko , Kawai Kiyohiko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractControlling the conformation and function of biomolecules through photoregulators holds great promise as a spatiotemporally controllable tool for disease control. In addition, introducing photoregulators into biomolecules has also found applications in constructing smart nanomaterials. In spite of the astonishing advances that have been made in the past few years, realizing highly controllable and efficient regulation over the conformation and function of biomolecules under physiological conditions is still challenging. Herein, sulfonated pyrene SPy was synthesized and used as a photoregulator to control the looping of single‐stranded DNAs (ssDNAs) in aqueous solution. Due to its water solubility, SPy merits use in the study of biomolecules in aqueous solution. The looping of the doubly SPy‐modified ssDNAs is stimulated by irradiation and regulated by SPy. Photoionization generates the radical cation of SPy (SPy.+). The association of SPy.+ with its neutral counterpart, SPy, gives rise to the dimer radical cation of SPy (SPy2.+). During the association process, the stabilization energy released to form SPy2.+ provides a driving force for the looping of ssDNAs. Conversely, the formed loop conformations were trapped by the formation of SPy2.+, and this allowed the looping dynamics to be investigated. The results reported herein suggest potential of SPy as a photoregulator for controlling the conformation and function of biomolecules under physiological conditions.
Perineural application of resiniferatoxin on uninjured L3 and L4 nerves completely alleviates thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity following L5 nerve injury in rats
Authors: Javed Hayate , Rehmathulla Sumisha , Tariq Saeed , Emerald Bright S. , Ljubisavljevic Milos , Shehab Safa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFifth lumbar (L5) nerve injury in rats causes neuropathic pain manifested with thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the ipsilateral hind paw. This study aimed to determine whether the elimination of unmyelinated primary afferents of the adjacent uninjured nerves (L3 and L4) would alleviate peripheral neuropathic pain. Different concentrations of capsaicin or its analog, resiniferatoxin (RTX), were applied perineurally on either the left L4 or L3 and L4 nerves in Wistar rats whose left L5 nerves were ligated and cut. The application of both capsaicin and RTX on the L4 nerve significantly reduced both thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity. However, only the application of RTX on both L3 and L4 nerves completely alleviated all neuropathic manifestations. Interestingly, responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli were preserved, despite RTX application on uninjured L3, L4, and L5 nerves, which supply the plantar skin in rats. Perineural application of RTX caused downregulation of TRPV1, CGRP, and IB4 binding and upregulation of VIP in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. In comparison, VGLUT1 and NPY immunoreactivities were not altered. RTX application did not cause degenerative or ultrastructural changes in the treated nerves and corresponding DRGs. The results demonstrate that RTX induces neuroplasticity, rather than structural changes in primary afferents, that are responsible for alleviating hypersensitivity and chronic pain. Furthermore, this study suggests that treating uninjured adjacent spinal nerves may be used to manage chronic neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury.
Retrospective analysis of the efficacy of cytokine‐induced killer cell immunotherapy combined with first‐line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Qiu‐Zhong , Gu Jia‐Mei , Zhao Jing‐Jing , Tang Yan , Wang Qi‐Jing , Zhu Qian , Song Meng‐Jia , Li Yong‐Qiang , He Jia , Chen Shi‐Ping , Weng De‐Sheng , Xia Jian‐Chuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesFluoropyrimidine‐based chemotherapy regimens are the current first‐line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC); however, the outcome is often unsatisfactory. The present study aimed to determine the effect of combined cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cell immunotherapy and first‐line chemotherapy in patients with mCRC.MethodsThis retrospective study included 252 patients with mCRC treated with first‐line chemotherapy. Among them, 126 patients received first‐line chemotherapy only (control group), while the other 126 patients, with similar demographic and clinical characteristics, received CIK cell immunotherapy combined with first‐line chemotherapy (CIK group). Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsThe median OS for the CIK group was 54.7 versus 24.1 months for the controls, and the median PFS for the CIK group was 25.7 versus 14.6 months for the controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that CIK cell treatment was an independent prognostic factor for patients' OS and PFS. Subgroup analyses showed that CIK cell treatment significantly improved the OS and PFS of patients with metastatic colon cancer, but not those with metastatic rectal cancer. Additionally, the change in CD3+CD56+ subsets after the fourth treatment cycle might be an indicator of successful CIK cell treatment: Patients with increased CD3+CD56+ subsets had better survival than those with decreased CD3+CD56+ subsets.ConclusionCytokine‐induced killer cell immunotherapy combined with first‐line chemotherapy could significantly improve the OS and PFS of patients with mCRC, particularly for patients with metastatic colon cancer.
Outcome in German and South African peripartum cardiomyopathy cohorts associates with medical therapy and fibrosis markers
Authors: Azibani Feriel , Pfeffer Tobias J. , Ricke‐Hoch Melanie , Dowling Wentzel , Pietzsch Stefan , Briton Olivia , Baard Johann , Abou Moulig Valeska , König Tobias , Berliner Dominik , Libhaber Elena , Schlothauer Stella , Anthony John , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Bauersachs Johann , Sliwa Karen , Hilfiker‐Kleiner Denise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aims to compare the clinical course of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) cohorts from Germany (G‐PPCM) and South Africa (SA‐PPCM) with fibrosis‐related markers to get insights into novel pathomechanisms of PPCM.Methods and resultsG‐PPCM (n = 79) and SA‐PPCM (n = 72) patients and healthy pregnancy‐matched women from Germany (n = 56) and South Africa (n = 40) were enrolled. Circulating levels of procollagen type‐I (PINP) and type‐III (PIIINP) N‐terminal propeptides, soluble ST2, galectin‐3, and full‐length and cleaved osteopontin (OPN) were measured at diagnosis (baseline) and 6 months of follow‐up. Both cohorts received standard heart failure therapy while anticoagulation therapy was applied in 100% of G‐PPCM but only in 7% of SA‐PPCM patients. In G‐PPCM patients, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower, and outcome was better (baseline LVEF, 24 ± 8%, full recovery: 52%, mortality: 0%) compared with SA‐PPCM patients (baseline LVEF: 30 ± 9%, full recovery: 32%, mortality: 11%; P < 0.05). At baseline, PINP/PIIINP ratio was lower in SA‐PPCM and higher in G‐PPCM compared with respective controls, whereas total OPN was elevated in both collectives. Cleaved OPN, which increases PIIINP levels, is generated by thrombin and was reduced in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy. High baseline galectin‐3, soluble ST2, and OPN levels were associated with poor outcome in all PPCM patients.ConclusionsSA‐PPCM patients displayed a more profibrotic biomarker profile, which was associated with a less favourable outcome despite better cardiac function at baseline, compared with G‐PPCM patients. Use of bromocriptine and anticoagulation therapy in G‐PPCM may counteract fibrosis and may in part be responsible for their better outcome.