bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Class II Division 1 malocclusion treatment with extraction of maxillary first molars: Evaluation of treatment and post‐treatment changes by the PAR Index
Authors: Booij Johan W. , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne Marie , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Livas Christos , Ren Yijin , Kuijpers Mette A.R. , Katsaros Christos 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate occlusal result and post‐treatment changes after orthodontic extraction of maxillary first permanent molars in patients with a Class II division 1 malocclusion.Setting and SampleRetrospective longitudinal study in a private practice, with outcome evaluation by an independent academic hospital. Ninety‐six patients (53 males, 43 females) consecutively treated by one orthodontist with maxillary first permanent molar extraction were studied, divided into three facial types, based on pre‐treatment cephalometric values: hypodivergent (n = 18), normodivergent (n = 21) and hyperdivergent (n = 57).MethodsOcclusal outcome was scored on dental casts at T1 (pre‐treatment), T2 (post‐treatment) and T3 (mean follow‐up 2.5 ± 0.9 years) using the weighted Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. The paired sample t test and one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsPAR was reduced by 95.7% and 89.9% at T2 and T3, respectively, compared with the start of treatment. The largest post‐treatment changes were found for overjet and buccal occlusion. Linear regression analysis did not reveal a clear effect (R‐Square 0.074) of age, sex, PAR score at T1, incremental PAR score T2‐T1, overjet and overbite at T1, and facial type on the changes after treatment (incremental PAR score T3‐T2).ConclusionsThe occlusal outcome achieved after Class II division 1 treatment with maxillary first permanent molar extractions was maintained to a large extent over a mean post‐treatment follow‐up of 2.5 years. Limited changes after treatment were found, for which no risk factors could be discerned.
Pediatric anesthesia training to early career stage: Opportunities for firm foundations
Authors: Munshey Farrukh , McDonnell Conor , Matava Clyde 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAttaining professional contentment can be challenging for many. Academic success, psychosocial support, and the confidence to provide excellent clinical care at the workplace are key pillars that can help build a sense of meaning in a career. The role of mentorship in facilitating these key pillars at different stages of pediatric anesthesia training and new independent practice is instrumental. For mentees aspiring for a career in pediatric anesthesia, there are several points of focus. Mentees should seek out mentors early in training, build on these relationships, and explore opportunities for peer mentorship as they advance in their career. For mentors, introducing mentees to the clinical and academic aspects of pediatric anesthesia and setting the foundation for the mentee to advance in their career can be both gratifying and stimulating. In this article, we explore the development and progression of a mentor‐mentee relationship through training to the early career stage and its role in developing a meaningful career in pediatric anesthesia.
Detection of risk for depression among adolescents in diverse global settings: protocol for the IDEA qualitative study in Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria and the UK
Authors: Wahid Syed Shabab , Pedersen Gloria A. , Ottman Katherine , Burgess Abigail , Gautam Kamal , Martini Thais , Viduani Anna , Momodu Olufisayo , Lam Crystal , Fisher Helen L. , Kieling Christian , Adewuya Abiodun O , Mondelli Valeria , Kohrt Brandon A 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionGlobally, depression is a leading cause of disability among adolescents, and suicide rates are increasing among youth. Treatment alone is insufficient to address the issue. Early identification and prevention efforts are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality. The Identifying Depression Early in Adolescence (IDEA) consortium is developing risk detection strategies that incorporate biological, psychological and social factors that can be evaluated in diverse global populations. In addition to epidemiological and neuroscience research, the IDEA consortium is conducting a qualitative study to explore three domains of inquiry: (1) cultural heterogeneity of biopsychosocial risk factors and lived experience of adolescent depression in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC); (2) the feasibility, acceptability and ethics of a risk calculator tool for adolescent depression that can be used in LMIC and high-income countries and (3) capacity for biological research into biomarkers for depression risk among adolescents in LMIC. This is a multisite qualitative study being conducted in Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria and the UK.Methods and analysisA systematic set of qualitative methods will be used in this study. The Delphi method, Theory of Change (ToC) workshops, key-informant interviews and focus group discussions will be used to elicit perspectives on the study topics from a broad range of stakeholders (adolescents, parents, policy-makers, teachers, health service providers, social workers and experts). Delphi panellists will participate in three survey rounds to generate consensus through facilitated feedback. Stakeholders will create ToC models via facilitated workshops in the LMIC sites. The framework approach will be used to analyse data from the study.Ethics and disseminationEthical approvals were received from the Ethics Review Board of George Washington University and from site-specific institutions in Brazil, Nepal, Nigeria and the UK. The findings generated from this study will be reported in highly accessed, peer-reviewed, scientific and health policy journals.
Reducing paediatric overweight and obesity through motivational interviewing: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in the AAP PROS research network
Authors: Wright Margaret E , Delacroix Emerson , Sonneville Kendrin R , Considine Shannon , Proctor Tim , Steffes Jennifer , Harris Donna , Shone Laura P , Woo Heide , Vaughan Roger , Grundmeier Robert W , Fiks Alexander G , Stockwell Melissa S , Resnicow Ken 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionPrimary care remains an underused venue for prevention and management of paediatric overweight and obesity. A prior trial demonstrated a significant impact of paediatrician/nurse practitioner (Ped/NP)-and registered dietitian (RD)-delivered motivational interviewing (MI) on child body mass index (BMI). The study described here will test the effectiveness of an enhanced version of this primary care-based MI counselling intervention on child BMI.Methods and analysisThis cluster randomised effectiveness trial includes 24 Ped/NPs from 18 paediatric primary care practices that belong to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) national Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) practice-based research network. To date, practices have been randomised (nine to intervention and nine to usual care). Intervention Ped/NPs have been trained in MI, behavioural therapy, billing/coding for weight management and study procedures. Usual care Ped/NPs received training in billing/coding and study procedures only. Children 3– 11 years old with BMI >the 85th percentile were identified via electronic health records (EHRs). Parents from intervention practices have been recruited and enrolled. Over about 2 years, these parents are offered approximately 10 MI-based counselling sessions (about four in person sessions with their child’s Ped/NP and up to six telephonic sessions with a trained RD). The primary outcome is change in child BMI (defined as per cent from median BMI for age and sex) over the study period. The primary comparison is between eligible children in intervention practices whose parents enrol in the study and all eligible children in usual care practices. Data sources will include EHRs, billing records, surveys and counselling call notes.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional Review Board approval was obtained from the AAP. All Ped/NPs provided written informed consent, and intervention group parents provided consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorisation. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and appropriate AAP channels.Trial registration numberNCT03177148; Pre-results.
Versatile cryogen-free cryostat for the electromagnetic characterization of superconducting radiofrequency coils
Authors: Saniour Isabelle , Geahel Michel , Briatico Javier , van der Beek Cornelis J. , Willoquet Georges , Jourdain Laurène , Baudouy Bertrand , Authelet Gilles , Ginefri Jean-Christophe , Darrasse Luc , Poirier-Quinot Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) radio frequency (RF) coils in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in many biomedical applications and particularly in micro-MRI. However, a detailed understanding of the electrical behavior of HTS coils is important in order to optimize their performance through MR experiments. This paper presents a simple and versatile cryogen-free cryostat designed to characterize the RF properties of HTS coils prior to their use in MRI. The cryostat can be used at temperatures from 50 K to 300 K, with a control precision of approximately 3 mK at 70 K, and can measure the RF electrical power transmitted to an HTS coil over a range from 1 μW to 10 W. The quality factor and resonance frequency of the tested HTS coil are determined as a function of the temperature and the power it dissipates. This cryostat also permits the dynamic adjustment of the coil resonance frequency via temperature control. Finally, this study demonstrates that the HTS coil takes less than 12 μs to transit from the superconducting to the dissipative state, which is compatible with MRI requirements.
Biomechanics Study of the Holding Power between Tendon and Suture Using Different Techniques
Authors: Liawrungrueang Wongthawat , Wongsiri Sunton 
Published: July 2020

Background: The holding power of a repaired flexor tendon injury is related to surface sutures, suture material and different techniques. Nowadays, a barbed suture material offers the possibility of knotless flexor tendon repair but many hospitals use non-barbed suture materials. The purpose of this study was to compare a barbed suture material and a non-barbed suture material for primary stability under static loading and increased knots in the non-barbed suture material (knot technique) for increased holding power of tendons in animal testing. Methods: Forty-five fresh porcine tendons were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (grasping technique group) used a four-strand core suture grasping a four-strand modified Kessler suture by non-barbed suture material [Non-absorbable monofilament polybutester 3–0] was used to repair the tendon with a surgical knot; in Group 2 (knot technique group) a four-strand core suture used the knot technique by non-barbed suture material [Non-absorbable monofilament polybutester 3–0] to repair the tendon with a continuous suture adding surgical knots in the same place as the surgical knot at the repair sites; and Group 3 (knotless technique group) used a four-strand core suture with the knotless technique in modified Kessler suture with barbed suture material [Non-absorbable monofilament polybutester 3–0] to repair the tendon without a knot. Our objective was to compare the ultimate tensile strength between the groups. Results: The mean tensile strength was 30.38 ± 5.04 N for group 1, 41.71 ± 2.62 for group 2 and 47.53 ± 4.89 for the group 3. The ANOVA test revealed a significant difference among the various techniques (p < 0.05). The highest tensile strength was found in the knotless technique using barbed suture material group. Conclusions: The knotless technique using barbed suture material demonstrated the highest tensile strength in suture repairs. The maximum tensile strength was significantly higher in this group.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Japanese Aged 50 to 89 Years
Authors: Hashimoto Shun , Ikegami Shota , Nishimura Hikaru , Uchiyama Shigeharu , Takahashi Jun , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy worldwide, but there are few reports investigating its prevalence using subjects diagnosed by both clinical symptoms and nerve conduction studies (NCSs) in a population-based cohort. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of CTS diagnosed by sensory disturbance findings and NCSs using a randomly sampled resident population. Methods: Subjects aged between 50 and 89 years were randomly sampled from the basic resident registry of a rural Japanese town. Subjects indicating a history of CTS surgery in a written questionnaire were classified as having past CTS. Subjects with both sensory disturbance of the median nerve area and delays in NCSs were diagnosed as having present CTS. Subjects with past or present CTS were judged as affected with CTS. We calculated the prevalence of CTS and investigated for possible risk factors. Results: Seventeen subjects (14 female and 3 male) were affected with CTS among 379 enrolled subjects. Adjusting these results to Japanese population values, the weighted prevalence of CTS was 4.7% (female: 7.2%, male: 1.8%) in the Japanese population aged 50 to 89 years. Statistically significant positive correlations were found between CTS and female, higher BMI, rheumatoid arthritis, and trigger digit. In females affected with CTS, third metacarpal length was significantly shorter than in those without CTS. Conclusions: This epidemiological study clarified the prevalence of CTS among Japanese seniors as 4.7%. Female, higher BMI, rheumatoid arthritis, trigger digit, and shorter third metacarpal length in females were risk factors for CTS.
Prevalence of Flexor Carpi Radialis Brevis in Chinese Patients with Volar Wrist Plating Performed for Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Cheng Bernadette Lok Yiu , Yau Edmund Leung Kai , Yip Norman Wai Chuen 
Published: July 2020

Background: Volar locking plates were increasing popular as treatment of distal radius fractures. Various distal forearm anatomical variants were encountered during surgery. Flexor carpi radialis brevis (FCRB) was one of the most common and relevant anatomical variants because of its close proximity to fracture site. Methods: This is a retrospective single-centre study. In a 3.5-year period from March 2015 to August 2018, 133 patients who suffered from distal radius fracture requiring volar wrist plating were identified. Operation records and clinical photos were reviewed. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Any complications were recorded. Results: 9 patients with FCRB variant were identified. The prevalence was 6.8%. Hypoplastic pronator quadratus were found in 5 cases out of the 9 cases. None of these cases had any neurovascular injuries. No complications were noted during follow-up at 1 year. Conclusions: In Chinese population with volar locking plate done for distal radius fracture, the prevalence of flexor carpi radialis brevis was 6.8%. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility of FCRB variant.
The Tenosynovitis of Fingers Associated with Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Hara Yukinori , Tajiri Yasuhito , Kawano Kenichi , Hoshikawa Shinya , Kita Yusuke 
Published: July 2020

Background: Amyloidosis treatment has advanced rapidly along with the discovery of drugs to prevent amyloid deposition. Therefore, it is vital to detect amyloidosis at an early stage. Wild-type transthyretin, which can cause carpal tunnel syndrome, may also cause finger tenosynovitis. However, the correlation between wild-type transthyretin amyloid and finger tenosynovitis is unclear. Here, we investigated pathological and clinical findings for 20 patients with finger tenosynovitis who underwent operation at our hospital to determine the frequency of transthyretin amyloid deposition in idiopathic finger tenosynovitis. Methods: To check for the presence of amyloid deposition, all specimens (tendon synovium tissue or flexor tendon sheath) resected during the operation were stained by the direct fast scarlet method. Amyloid-positive specimens were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining using an anti-transthyretin antibody. Patient characteristics were evaluated with respect to amyloid presence. Results: Thirteen (65%) of 20 finger tenosynovitis cases had amyloid deposition. Nine (69.2%) of the 13 amyloid-positive cases exhibited extensive transthyretin staining and were considered to have transthyretin amyloid. Amyloid deposition was more frequent in men. The mean number of fingers with tenosynovitis was significantly higher in amyloid-positive cases (3.8 fingers) than in amyloid-negative cases (2.0 fingers). Conclusions: Men with multiple finger tenosynovitis tended to have transthyretin amyloid deposition. Our results support that multiple finger tenosynovitis may serve as an initial indication of evaluation for transthyretin amyloidosis.
A threat assessment of Three-striped Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae) from roadkills in Sigur Plateau, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Arockianathan Samson  , Balasundaram Ramakrishnan  , Jabamalainathan Leonaprincy  
Published: July 2020

This study was undertaken to assess the threat from road kills for three-striped palm squirrels in the tropical forest of Sigur plateau, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, and Southern India from January 2014 to December 2016. Road kills were recorded along the Udhagamandalam to Masinagudi state highway passing through Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (40 km). Four visits per month were carried out mostly on weekends (Saturday or Sunday). A total of 497 three-striped palm squirrel kills were recorded, with an overall rate of 0.09/km of the roadway. Habitat wise 387 kills were observed in the thorn forest and 110 in dry deciduous forest habitats. Season wise 176 kills were recorded in winter, 156 in summer, 83 post-monsoon, and 82 during the monsoon. The study distinguished the ongoing major threat on the three-striped palm squirrel in the present scenario.
An updated checklist of mammals of Odisha, India
Authors: Debata Subrat , Palei Himanshu Shekhar 
Published: July 2020

Based on available literature and field surveys, an updated checklist of mammals of Odisha State is presented in this communication. Their updated scientific binomen, IUCN status, Wildlife (Protection) Act schedules, CITES appendices, and last reported sighting of each species in Odisha are also given. Odisha has around 102 species of mammals under 34 families and 12 orders, among which 27 species have been included under the different threatened categories of the IUCN Red List.
The identity and distribution of Bhavania annandalei Hora, 1920 (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae), a hillstream loach endemic to the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Remya L. Sundar  , V.K. Anoop  , Arya Sidharthan  , Neelesh Dahanukar  , Raghavan Rajeev 
Published: July 2020

Bhavania annandalei Hora 1920, is resurrected from the synonymy of B. australis (Jerdon, 1849) based on examination of freshly collected topotypic specimens. The two species can be distinguished by a combination of morphological characters including low, dense, and sparsely distributed tubercles on dorsal surface of head and operculum, rostral barbels reaching anterior border of upper lip, rostral flaps between the rostral barbels fleshier, 11–12 scale rows above the lateral line, and caudal peduncle stout with its depth to width ratio less than 2.5. The two species formed significantly distinct clusters in multivariate space. Further, the two species have a raw genetic distance of 6.4% in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene. The distribution of B. annandalei is restricted to the river systems draining the Agasthyamalai Hills, below the Shencottah Gap in southern Western Ghats, while B. australis occurs in rivers north of the Shencottah Gap.
Records of two toads Duttaphrynus scaber and D. stomaticus (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from southeastern India
Authors: Ganesh S.R. , Rameshwaran M. , A. Joseph Naveen , M. Jerith Ahamed , K. Dutta Sushil 
Published: July 2020

We document two toad species Duttaphrynus scaber and D. stomaticus from southeastern India, in the Coromandel Coastal Plains. Owing to incorrect data presented in previous reports denoting the occurrence of these toad species, their occurrence in the said region has remained obscure. Our results, presented here, on both the species are based on morphological data from 15 preserved voucher specimens and direct field observations made by the authors in situ. In this work, we report D. scaber from Chengelpet and D. stomaticus from Thoothukudi. We revisited these places after studying the labeled specimens in Chennai Snake Park Trust Museum, to confirm their occurrences in the respective region and provide natural history notes based on our field observations.
Acute Coronary Syndrome and Ischemic Heart Disease in Pregnancy: Data From the EURObservational Research Programme‐European Society of Cardiology Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease
Authors: Baris Lucia , Hakeem Abdul , Moe Tabitha , Cornette Jérôme , Taha Nasser , Farook Fathima , Gaisin Ilshat , Bonanomi Carla , Parsonage William , Johnson Mark , Hall Roger , Roos‐Hesselink Jolien W. ,   the ROPAC Investigators Group
Published: July 2020

Background
The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women of child‐bearing age is rising. Data on pregnancies however are scarce. The objective is to describe the pregnancy outcomes in these women.

Methods and Results
The European Society of Cardiology‐EURObservational Research Programme ROPAC (Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease) is a prospective registry in which data on pregnancies in women with heart disease were collected from 138 centers in 53 countries. Pregnant women with preexistent and pregnancy‐onset IHD were included. Primary end point were maternal cardiac events. Secondary end points were obstetric and fetal complications. There were 117 women with IHD, of which 104 had preexisting IHD. Median age was 35.5 years and 17.1% of women were smoking. There was no maternal mortality, heart failure occurred in 5 pregnancies (4.8%). Of the 104 women with preexisting IHD, 11 women suffered from acute coronary syndrome during pregnancy. ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction were more common than non‒ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis was the most common etiology. Women who had undergone revascularization before pregnancy did not have less events than women who had not. There were 13 women with pregnancy‐onset IHD, in whom non‒ST‐segment‒elevation myocardial infarction was the most common. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with acute coronary syndrome. Caesarean section was the primary mode of delivery (55.8% in preexisting IHD, 84.6% in pregnancy‐onset IHD) and there were high rates of preterm births (20.2% and 38.5%, respectively).

Conclusions
Women with IHD tolerate pregnancy relatively well, however there is a high rate of ischemic events and these women should therefore be considered moderate‐ to high‐risk. Ongoing cigarette smoking is associated with acute coronary syndrome during pregnancy.