bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TERT and TERT promoter in melanocytic neoplasms: Current concepts in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis
Authors: Motaparthi Kiran , Kim Jinah , Andea Aleodor A. , Missall Tricia A. , Novoa Roberto A. , Vidal Claudia I. , Fung Maxwell A. , Emanuel Patrick O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveLocated on chromosome locus 5p15.33, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT or hTERT) encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase which permits lengthening and preservation of telomeres following mitosis. Mutations in TERT promoter (TERT‐p) upregulate expression of TERT, allowing survival of malignant cells and tumor progression in wide variety of malignancies including melanoma. The objective of this review is to examine the roles of TERT and TERT‐p in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognostication of cutaneous melanoma.MethodsAll studies of TERT or TERT‐p in cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms with the following inclusion criteria were reviewed: publication date between 2010 and 2019, English language, and series of ≥3 cases were reviewed for evidence supporting the role of TERT in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis. Studies with <3 cases or focused primarily on mucosal or uveal melanocytic tumors were excluded.Results and conclusionTERT‐p mutations are frequent in chronic and non‐chronic sun damage melanoma and correlate with adverse prognosis, inform pathogenesis, and may provide diagnostic support. While TERT‐p mutations are uncommon in acral melanoma, TERT copy number gains and gene amplification predict reduced survival. Among atypical spitzoid neoplasms, TERT‐p mutations identify biologically aggressive tumors and support the diagnosis of spitzoid melanoma. TERT‐p methylation may have prognostic value in pediatric conventional melanoma and drive tumorigenesis in melanoma arising within congenital nevi. Finally, TERT‐p mutations may aid in the differentiation of recurrent nevi from recurrent melanoma.
Understanding concurrent stimulant use among people on methadone: A qualitative study
Authors: McNeil Ryan , Puri Nitsaha , Boyd Jade , Mayer Samara , Hayashi Kanna , Small Will 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsOpioid‐related overdoses are an epidemic in North America, prompting a greater use of medications for opioid use disorder, such as methadone. Although many people work toward overall drug abstinence while on methadone, a sub‐population of people with and without histories of polysubstance use engage in stimulant use while on methadone treatment. This study explores motivations for concurrent stimulant and methadone use in a street‐involved drug‐using population.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 39 people on methadone in Vancouver, Canada. Participants were recruited from among the participants in two community‐based prospective cohort studies consisting of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative people who use drugs. Interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive and iterative approach.ResultsOur analysis identified three primary themes. First, participants articulated how stimulants were used to counter the sedating effects of methadone and enable them to engage in daily and survival activities (e.g. income generation). Second, participants described increased stimulant use to compensate for reduced stimulant intoxication while taking methadone. Finally, participants described the desire to achieve intoxication on stimulants once stable on methadone, as their substance use treatment goals did not involve drug abstinence.Discussion and ConclusionAmong a street‐involved drug‐using population in which people do not have abstinence‐based treatment goals, there are several functional reasons to use stimulants concurrently while on methadone. A deeper and more nuanced understanding of substance use motivators may contribute to further research and inform policy and guideline changes that support low threshold and harm reduction‐focused methadone treatment programs and other interventions to reduce drug‐related harms.
Understanding the challenge of comparative effectiveness research in focal epilepsy: A review of network meta‐analyses and real‐world evidence on antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Thieffry Solène , Klein Pavel , Baulac Michel , Plumb Jonathan , Pelgrims Barbara , Steeves Sara , Borghs Simon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveHead‐to‐head randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for assessing comparative treatment effects. In the absence of direct comparisons between all possible antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), however, clinical decision‐making in focal (partial onset) epilepsy relies on alternative evidence borne from indirect comparisons including network meta‐analyses (NMAs) and from real‐world evidence (RWE) studies. We review NMAs and observational RWE studies comparing AEDs in the adjunctive setting to compare the robustness of these methods and to formulate recommendations for future evidence development.MethodsA literature review identified NMAs and RWE studies comparing AEDs for the adjunctive treatment of focal seizures published between January 2008 and October 2018. NMAs were evaluated for robustness using a framework based on guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Decision Support Unit and the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research. RWE studies were evaluated using the GRACE checklist.ResultsFrom a total of 1993 records, 11 NMAs and six RWE studies were eligible. Key limitations identified in the NMAs include nonsystematic selection of RCTs, unexplored heterogeneity between included RCTs in terms of study and patient characteristics, and selection of AEDs and AED doses or dosing strategies that are not reflective of clinical practice. The main limitations of RWE studies concern sample size, design, and analysis methods. Approximately 90% of comparisons between individual AEDs were nonsignificant in the NMAs. None of the RWE studies adjusted for baseline differences between comparator groups; therefore, they lack the validity to make comparative conclusions.SignificanceCurrent NMAs and RWE studies provide only nominal comparative evidence for AED treatments in focal epilepsy, and should be used with caution for decision‐making due to their methodological limitations. To overcome these hurdles, adherence to methodological guidelines and concerted efforts to collect relevant outcome data in the real world are needed.
Phylogenetic farming: Can evolutionary history predict crop rotation via the soil microbiome?
Authors: Kaplan Ian , Bokulich Nicholas A. , Caporaso J. Gregory , Enders Laramy S. , Ghanem Wadih , Ingerslew Kathryn S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAgriculture has long employed phylogenetic rules whereby farmers are encouraged to rotate taxonomically unrelated plants in shared soil. Although this forms a central tenet of sustainable agriculture, strangely, this on‐farm “rule of thumb” has never been rigorously tested in a scientific framework. To experimentally evaluate the relationship between phylogenetic distance and crop performance, we used a plant–soil feedback approach whereby 35 crops and weeds varying in their relatedness to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were tested in a two‐year field experiment. We used community profiling of the bacteria and fungi to determine the extent to which soil microbes contribute to phenotypic differences in crop growth. Overall, tomato yield was ca. 15% lower in soil previously cultivated with tomato; yet, past the species level there was no effect of phylogenetic distance on crop performance. Soil microbial communities, on the other hand, were compositionally more similar between close plant relatives. Random forest regression predicted log10 phylogenetic distance to tomato with moderate accuracy (R2 = .52), primarily driven by bacteria in the genus Sphingobium. These data indicate that, beyond avoiding conspecifics, evolutionary history contributes little to understanding plant–soil feedbacks in agricultural fields; however, microbial legacies can be predicted by species identity and relatedness.
Experimental study on low‐cycle fatigue behaviours of the specimen consisting of the composites (Al‐12Si/ABOw) and matrix Al‐12Si alloys
Authors: Chen Guozheng , Zhang Weizheng , Yuan Yanpeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe low‐cycle fatigue tests of the specimen, which was composed of half composites reinforced by aluminium borate whisker (ABOw) and half unreinforced matrix alloys, were performed under different temperatures. The results showed that the specimen exhibited obvious cyclic hardening at low temperature while increasingly remarkable cyclic softening with the increase of temperature. Meanwhile, the micromorphology of the fracture surface revealed apparent brittle characteristics at low temperature but dominated ductile characteristics at high temperature. The analysis of curves of total strain amplitude versus fatigue life indicated that the dominant fatigue damage mechanism changed from the elastic damage to the plastic damage with the increase of total strain amplitude. In addition, the description of fatigue behaviours based on energy criterion suggested that the capacities of specimen to absorb and dissipate plastic strain energy improved with increasing of temperature but may also be weakened by the strengthening effect of composite part.
Regional development platforms as incubators of business ecosystems. Case study: The Lahti urban region, Finland
Authors: Harmaakorpi Vesa , Rinkinen Satu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper combines three major concepts: regional development platforms, business ecosystems and competitiveness policy. The framework of business and innovation ecosystems is gaining ground in the discussion of competitiveness and innovation policy. The framework challenges competitiveness and innovation policies because ecosystems are seen as highly self‐organising and self‐renewing systems. Is there still room for innovation and competitiveness policies? This paper focuses on ecosystem‐facilitating competitiveness policy at the regional level and argues that the emergence, growth and renewal of business ecosystems can be facilitated by a competitiveness policy focused on related variety platforms embedded in a regional innovation ecosystem. As a case illustrating this point, we present the strategic themes and development platforms in the Lahti urban region, which are constructed following the ecosystem theory. This paper contributes to the previous literature on regional development and innovation policy by presenting a policy framework for a modern competitiveness policy that is based on constructed competitiveness, development platforms and business and innovation ecosystem theory. For policy practice, this paper provides a real‐life example of a regional competitiveness strategy and the construction of a strategy that is based on the ecosystem frame.
ADVERSE SELECTION WITH HETEROGENEOUSLY INFORMED AGENTS
Authors: Davoodalhosseini Seyed Mohammadreza 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA model of over‐the‐counter markets is proposed. Some asset buyers are informed in that they can identify high‐quality assets. Sellers with private information choose what type of buyers they want to trade with. When the measure of informed buyers is low, a unique equilibrium exists, and interestingly, price, trading volume and welfare typically decrease with more informed buyers. When the measure of informed buyers is intermediate, multiple equilibria arise. A switch from one equilibrium to another can lead to large drops in liquidity, price, trading volume, and welfare, like a financial crisis. Implications of an endogenous measure of informed buyers are also studied.
BUFFER‐STOCK SAVING AND HOUSEHOLDS' RESPONSE TO INCOME SHOCKS
Authors: Fella Giulio , Frache Serafin , Koeniger Winfried 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe exploit information on the joint dynamics of household labor income, consumption, and wealth in the Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth to structurally estimate a buffer‐stock saving model. We compare the degree of consumption smoothing implied by the model to the corresponding empirical estimates based on the same data set. We estimate that Italian households smooth 12% of permanent income shocks in the data that is comparable to the model counterpart of 11% . This result contrasts with existing evidence, and our own findings in this article, of substantially more consumption smoothing in U.S. data.
Utilization of seashells in matte glaze preparation
Authors: Peksen Ceren , Koroglu Levent , Kartal Hilal 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, the investigation of the optical properties and microstructural development of matte glaze compositions prepared with the addition of seashells was aimed. The seashells obtained from Black Sea beaches of Samsun, Turkey were characterized using XRF, XRD, FTIR, TG‐DTA techniques, and heating microscope. The calcite‐aragonite polymorphic transition was provided by heat treatment of seashell powders at 700°C for 1 hour and then, aragonite‐based seashell powders were incorporated to matte glaze compositions up to 30 wt%. Firstly, four different types of fired body specimens (red clay, chamotte, white, and porcelain) were produced at 800ºC for 7 hour. Secondly, the prepared glazes were applied on surface of all fired bodies and then, all bodies were sintered at 1100ºC for 8 hour. Finally, coloring parameters and microstructural features of seashell added glazes were determined. The addition of seashells to glaze composition by 10 and 20 wt% resulted in higher transparency. The matte glaze was formed with increment of seashell content to 30 wt%. The more reduced fluidity of the glaze caused nonhomogenous matte appearance. As a result, it is possible to produce transparent glazes in eco‐friendly and cost‐effective way by addition of seashells into glaze composition in 20 wt%.
Piloting the Describing and Evaluating community Pharmacy practice to Improve patients' Care and Treatment tool
Authors: Chevalier Bernadette , Cottrell William N , Hegerty Tobias , Morgan Ashleigh , Freeman Christopher 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objective
To pilot the Describing and Evaluating community Pharmacy practice to Improve patients' Care and Treatment (DEPICT) tool to determine its utility in collecting data about Australian community pharmacist activities and patient-related encounters.

Methods
DEPICT tool was developed and tested. Two pharmacy students recruited study patients and collected data in four urban pharmacies.

Key findings
Fourteen pharmacists completed 189 DEPICT forms. Pharmacists' evaluations indicated overall high levels of satisfaction and provided valuable recommendations for improvement.

Conclusions
Pharmacists' feedback will be incorporated into future iterations of DEPICT that will include electronic collection of regional data in urban and rural settings.
Implementing ‘Goals of Care’ discussion and palliative care referral for patients with advanced lung cancer: an outpatient‐based pilot project
Authors: Conduit Ciara , Thompson Michael , Thomas Robyn , Nott Louise , Wuttke Melanie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly involvement of palliative care and advance care planning improves quality‐of‐life outcomes and survival for patients with advanced lung cancer; however, there are barriers to implementation.AimsA single‐centre prospective audit reviewing ‘Goals of Care’ (GOC) form completion and palliative care referrals in an oncology clinic was undertaken with the aim of increasing GOC completion and palliative care referrals for patients with advanced lung cancer.MethodsInvolved physicians attended a communication skills course and then received a communication‐priming intervention. Clinicopathological factors associated with GOC completion and palliative care referral were explored.ResultsA total of 84 patients receiving palliative treatment for advanced lung cancer was enrolled. Clinicopathological factors, such as poorer performance status, were associated with higher likelihood of GOC completion (P = 0.018) prior to the intervention. Male sex (P = 0.023), absence of sensitising epidermal growth factor receptor mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement (P = 0.017), type of systemic therapy (P = 0.031) and poorer performance status (P < 0.001) were associated with higher likelihood of palliative care referral. The intervention improved GOC completion (relative risk (RR) 1.29, P = 0.004); however, this was not sustained in a follow‐up audit (RR 0.98, P = 0.92) and there was no change in palliative care referral rate (RR 2.5, P = 0.16). Predictors of palliative referral following clinical review included age (RR 1.16, P = 0.001), male sex (RR 14.2, P = 0.02) and poorer performance status (RR 1.76, P < 0.001).ConclusionsCommunication‐priming interventions can improve GOC completion for patients with advanced lung cancer. Further investigation is needed to pursue sustainable options for managing this complex patient group and improve guideline‐adherence and patient care.
Predictors of nurses’ turnover intention at one and five years’ time
Authors: Labrague L.J. , De los Santos J.A.A. , Falguera C.C. , Nwafor C.E. , Galabay J.R. , Rosales R.A. , Firmo C.N. 
Published: March 2020

AimThis study examined the role of job dimensions, job satisfaction, psychological stress and job burnout in predicting turnover intention at one and five years’ time among professional nurses in the Philippines.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was utilized in the study using a convenience sample of 549 registered nurses from six hospitals in the Central Philippines during the period of October 2018 to January 2019. Five self‐report scales were used in this study.ResultsOverall, 46.1% (n = 253) and 78.9% (n = 433) of nurses reported planning to leave the organization at one and five years’ time, respectively. The type of hospital, job satisfaction and job burnout explained variances for turnover intention at one and five years’ time. Separately, hospital bed capacity and job stress predicted turnover intention at five years’ time. None of the job dimensions accurately predicted turnover intention in nurses.ConclusionHigher turnover intention results at one and five years’ time were dependent on nurses’ psychological stress, job burnout and job satisfaction.Implications for nursing practice and policyOrganizational measures aimed at reducing stress and burnout and increasing job satisfaction in nurses are critically important to enhance the retention of nurses and ensure continued quality of nursing care.
When a child is born to a homo‐parental family, how does the work of differentiation occur?
Authors: Veuillet‐Combier Claudine , Atani Torasso Louise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Taubira law in France has, since 2013, allowed same sex couples to marry and adopt children. This progressive law has created numerous debates in the public arena with passionate arguments which question the potential psychological development of a child in gay and lesbian families. How can a child from same sex parents construct a sense of difference between the generations and sexes in a way that builds psychic structure? The research DEVHOM, centred on the development and socialisation of children, has allowed for a specific study of this question in its use of a qualitative psychoanalytic orientation through individual clinical cases. This paper presents a clinical research encounter with ten‐year‐old Maëla, who was born through gestational surrogacy. The clinical monograph illustrates her creative resources to engage in the work of differentiation, and the ability to understand her place in the family structure in spite of a set of exceptionally complex family relationships. These results demonstrate that in this particular situation, as in other situations, the wellbeing of the child is determined by the quality of the relationships sustained in the family group.
Corporate Insurance Strategy: The Case of British Petroleum
Authors: Doherty Neil A. , Smith Clifford 
Published: March 2020

The authors provide a fundamental rethinking of how corporations should evaluate various kinds of risks and risk management solutions—a rethinking that leads to a major shift in British Petroleum's approach to insuring property and casualty losses, product liability suits, and other insurable events. Conventional corporate practice—and until the early 1990s (when this article was written) the longstanding policy of BP and most large oil companies—was to insure against large losses while self‐insuring against smaller ones. In this article, the authors explain why BP has chosen to go against the conventional wisdom and instead buy insurance for mainly smaller losses while self‐insuring larger ones.The BP decision came down to factors affecting the market supply of insurance as well as the corporate demand for it. On the demand side, the authors demonstrate that the primary source of demand for insurance by large public companies is not, as standard insurance textbooks assume, to transfer risk away from the corporation's owners. Because corporate stockholders and bondholders effectively manage the effects of such risks by diversifying their own portfolios, the corporate demand for insurance in BP's case stems from the insurers' comparative advantage in evaluating and monitoring BP's smaller risks and in processing claims.On the supply side, the authors explain why the capacity of insurance companies and markets to underwrite very large or highly specialized exposures—when compared to the industry expertise and financial resources of companies like BP—is quite limited, and likely to remain so. Since premiums would be experience‐rated and prior years' losses simply rolled into the following years' premiums, there would be no effective transfer of risk, and so no gain to BP from buying insurance.
The Economics of Organizational Architecture
Authors: Brickley James , Smith Clifford , Zimmerman Jerold 
Published: March 2020

Drawing on the work of Michael Jensen and William Meckling, the co‐formulators of “agency cost theory,” the authors argue that there are two main challenges in designing the structure of organizations: (1) the “rights assignment” problem—that is, ensuring that decision‐making authority is vested in managers and employees with the “specific knowledge” necessary to make the best decisions; and (2) the “control” or “agency” problem—designing performance‐evaluation and reward systems that give decision‐makers strong incentives to exercise their decision rights in ways that increase the long‐run value of the organization.The authors provide a number of instructive applications and extensions of the Jensen‐Meckling organizational framework. Using a series of short case studies that range from the Barings Brothers' debacle in the early 1990s and the decade‐long restructuring of ITT to the cases of McDonald's and Century 21, the authors demonstrate the importance of designing performance‐measurement and reward systems that are consistent with the assignment of decision rights.In so doing, the authors also work to dispel the widespread notion, popular among advocates of Total Quality Management, that the widespread use of performance measures and incentives undermines efforts to promote teamwork within large organizations. A number of brief case histories of companies like Xerox and Mary Kay Cosmetics are used to show the critical role of performance measurement and individual rewards in reinforcing a quality‐centered corporate culture. As the authors conclude, “It is a mistake to think of the ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ aspects of organizations as mutually exclusive or even as competing.”