bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural and remote dental care: Patient characteristics and health care provision
Authors: Gardiner Fergus W. , Richardson Alice , Gale Lauren , Bishop Lara , Harwood Abby , Lucas Robyn M. , Strickland Lorika , Taylor Sandra , Laverty Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of patients who used the Royal Flying Doctor Service dental clinics and determine Royal Flying Doctor Service and non‐Royal Flying Doctor Service dental service provision in mainland Australia.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingAll Royal Flying Doctor Service dental clinics located throughout rural and remote Australia.ParticipantsAll patients who accessed an Royal Flying Doctor Service dental clinic from April 2017 to September 2018.InterventionsRoyal Flying Doctor Service mobile dental clinics.Main outcome measuresPatient demographics and dental procedures conducted (by age, sex and Indigenous status); and the dental service provision and coverage (Royal Flying Doctor Service and non‐Royal Flying Doctor Service) within mainland rural and remote Australia.ResultsThere were 8992 patient episodes comprising 3407 individual patients with 27 897 services completed. There were 920 (27%) Indigenous and 1465 (43%) non‐Indigenous patients (n = 1022 missing ethnicity data). The mean (SD) age was 31.5 (24.8) years; the age groups 5‐9 years and 10‐14 years received 17.6% and 15.1% of the services, respectively. There were 1124 (33%) men and 1295 (38%) women (n = 988 with missing sex data). Women were more likely (all P < .05) to receive preventive services, diagnostic services, restorative services, general services, endodontics and periodontics. Men were more likely (both P < .05) to receive oral surgery and prosthodontics. There are many rural and remote people required to travel more than 60 minutes by vehicle to access dental care.ConclusionWithout increasing dental provision and preventive services in rural areas, it seems likely that there are and will be unnecessary oral emergencies and hospitalisations.
Understanding virtual urology clinics: a systematic review
Authors: Edison Marie Alexandra , Connor Martin John , Miah Saiful , El‐Husseiny Tamer , Winkler Mathias , Dasgupta Ranan , Ahmed Hashim Uddin , Hrouda David 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review to identify the clinical, fiscal and environmental evidence on the use of urological telehealth and/or virtual clinic (VC) strategies, and to highlight research gaps in this rapidly evolving field.MethodsOur PROSPERO‐registered (CRD42019151946) systematic search of Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Review Database was performed to identify original research articles pertaining to adult urology telehealth or VC strategies. Risk‐of‐bias (RoB) assessment was performed according to the Cochrane 2.0 RoB tool or the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for non‐randomized studies.ResultsA total of 5813 participants were included from 18 original articles (two randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 10 prospective studies, six retrospective studies). Urology sub‐specialities comprised: uro‐oncology (n= 6); general urology (n= 8); endo‐urology (n= 2); and lower urinary tract symptoms and/or incontinence (n= 2). Across all sub‐specialties, prospective studies using VCs reported a primary median (interquartile range [IQR]) VC discharge rate of 16.6 (14.7–29.8)% and a primary median (IQR) face‐to‐face (FTF) clinic referral rate of 32.4 (15.5–53.3)%. Direct cost analysis demonstrated median (IQR) annual cost savings of £56 232 (£46 260–£61 116). Grade II and IIIb complications were reported in two acute ureteric colic studies, with rates of 0.20% (3/1534) and 0.13% (2/1534), respectively. The annual carbon footprint avoided ranged from 0.7 to 4.35 metric tonnes of CO2emissions, depending on the mode of transport used. Patient satisfaction was inconsistently reported, and assessments lacked prospective evaluation using validated questionnaires.ConclusionUrology VCs are a promising new platform which can offer clinical, financial and environmental benefits to support an increasing urological referral burden. Further prospective evidence is required across urological sub‐specialties to confirm equivalency and safety against traditional FTF assessment.
Anthropogenic threats to evolutionary heritage of angiosperms in the Netherlands through an increase in high‐competition environments
Authors: Bartish Igor V. , Ozinga Wim A. , Bartish Mark I. , Wamelink G.W. Wieger , Hennekens Stephan M. , Yguel Benjamin , Prinzing Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPresent biodiversity comprises the evolutionary heritage of Earth's epochs. Lineages from particular epochs are often found in particular habitats, but whether current habitat decline threatens the heritage from particular epochs is unknown. We hypothesized that within a given region, humans threaten specifically habitats that harbor lineages from a particular geological epoch. We expect so because humans threaten environments that dominated and lineages that diversified during these epochs. We devised a new approach to quantify, per habitat type, diversification of lineages from different epochs. For Netherlands, one of the floristically and ecologically best‐studied regions, we quantified the decline of habitat types and species in the past century. We defined habitat types based on vegetation classification and used existing ranking of decline of vegetation classes and species. Currently, most declining habitat types and the group of red‐listed species are characterized by increased diversification of lineages dating back to Paleogene, specifically to Paleocene‐Eocene and Oligocene. Among vulnerable habitat types with large representation of lineages from these epochs were sublittoral and eulittoral zones of temperate seas and 2 types of nutrient‐poor, open habitats. These losses of evolutionary heritage would go unnoticed with classical measures of evolutionary diversity. Loss of heritage from Paleocene‐Eocene became unrelated to decline once low competition, shade tolerance, and low proportion of non‐Apiaceae were accounted for, suggesting that these variables explain the loss of heritage from Paleocene‐Eocene. Losses of heritage from Oligocene were partly explained by decline of habitat types occupied by weak competitors and shade‐tolerant species. Our results suggest a so‐far unappreciated human threat to evolutionary heritage: habitat decline threatens descendants from particular epochs. If the trends persist into the future uncontrolled, there may be no habitats within the region for many descendants of evolutionary ancient epochs, such as Paleogene.
Improving scientific rigour in conservation evaluations and a plea deal for transparency on potential biases
Authors: Josefsson Jonas , Hiron Matthew , Arlt Debora , Auffret Alistair G. , Berg Åke , Chevalier Mathieu , Glimskär Anders , Hartman Göran , Kačergytė Ineta , Klein Julian , Knape Jonas , Laugen Ane T. , Low Matthew , Paquet Matthieu , Pasanen‐Mortensen Marianne , Rosin Zuzanna M. , Rubene Diana , Żmihorski Michał , Pärt Tomas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe delivery of rigorous and unbiased evidence on the effects of interventions lay at the heart of the scientific method. Here we examine scientific papers evaluating agri‐environment schemes, the principal instrument to mitigate farmland biodiversity declines worldwide. Despite previous warnings about rudimentary study designs in this field, we found that the majority of studies published between 2008 and 2017 still lack robust study designs to strictly evaluate intervention effects. Potential sources of bias that arise from the correlative nature are rarely mentioned, and results are still promoted by using a causal language. This lack of robust study designs likely results from poor integration of research and policy, while the erroneous use of causal language and an unwillingness to discuss bias may stem from publication pressures. We conclude that scientific reporting and discussion of study limitations in intervention research must improve and propose some practices toward this goal.
The long road to protecting critical habitat for species at risk: The case of southern mountain woodland caribou
Authors: Palm Eric C. , Fluker Shaun , Nesbitt Holly K. , Jacob Aerin L. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIdentifying habitat that is essential to the recovery of species at risk, known as critical habitat, is a major focus of species at risk legislation, yet there has been little research on the degree to which these areas are protected. Here, we first review the provisions for protecting critical habitat on non‐federal lands within Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA). Next, we use the declining southern mountain population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in British Columbia, Canada as a case study to show that identification of critical habitat does not guarantee its protection on non‐federal lands. Our analyses show that 909 km2 of critical habitat identified on provincial lands were logged in 5 years after it was legally identified under SARA. Existing provincial legislation and policies have provided incomplete protection of caribou critical habitat, and Canada's federal government has yet to exercise authority under SARA that could protect these areas. In the absence of nondiscretionary protection under provincial legislation, a combination of alternative mechanisms, involving all levels of government, Indigenous people, and industry, will be essential to protect critical habitat and help recover species at risk.
Interobserver agreement between pathologist, pulmonologist and molecular pathologist to estimate the tumour burden in rapid on‐site evaluation smears from endosonography and guided bronchoscopy
Authors: Natali Filippo , Cancellieri Alessandra , Giunchi Francesca , De Silvestri Annalisa , Livi Vanina , Ferrari Marco , Paioli Daniela , Betti Sara , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Trisolini Rocco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveA growing number of studies have suggested that non‐pathologists can reliably assess the adequacy and malignancy in rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) smears prepared during endoscopic sampling procedures. However, no study has verified whether they can also consistently estimate the tumour burden, which is critical for the molecular profiling of lung cancer. We aimed to assess the interobserver agreement (IOA) between a pathologist, a pulmonologist (previously trained in lung and lymph node cytopathology) and a molecular pathologist for the tumour burden in ROSE smears.MethodsThe ROSE smears of consecutive patients with suspected lung cancer undergoing endosonography or guided bronchoscopy were assessed independently by a pathologist, a pulmonologist and a molecular pathologist (gold standard). The IOA for the tumour burden, assessed through k‐statistics, was the primary outcome.ResultsA total of 322 ROSE smears obtained from 162 patients were evaluated. The IOA between the molecular pathologist and pulmonologist was very good (moderate to substantial), although slightly inferior to the IOA between the molecular pathologist and pathologist in the whole slide set (k: 0.707, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.677‐0.739 vs 0.793, 95% CI: 0.762‐0.815), as well as in smears prepared from lymphadenopathy (k: 0.783, 95% CI: 0.760‐0.855 vs 0.827, 95% CI: 0.728‐0.892) or from pulmonary nodules/masses (k: 0.558, 95% CI: 0.416‐0.686 vs 0.715, 95% CI: 0.621‐0.767).ConclusionsA professionally trained pulmonologist can reliably estimate the tumour burden in bronchoscopically derived ROSE smears, especially in the setting of lymphadenopathy. This can be particularly useful in institutions where a cytopathologist is not available regularly.
Resilient selves: A theology of resonance and secularity
Authors: Gregersen Niels Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay contrasts two visions of selfhood: the buffered, autonomous self, and the flexible, resonant self. The autonomous self, while robustly assertive and active, seeks to insulate itself from threats, thereby robbing it of vital connections to other selves and to nature. The resonant self, in contrast, risks more by standing in fluid relationships of resonance and dissonance with its social and natural environments. While the two stand in tension, a baptismal theology entails both elements of a sheltered self and a resonant self that remains flexible and responsive to the ups and downs of human experience. Conversely, even a secular‐minded person will have access to important zones of resonance.
Exposure to dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 inhibitors and COVID‐19 among people with type 2 diabetes: A case‐control study
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Morieri Mario Luca , Longato Enrico , Bonora Benedetta Maria , Pinelli Silvia , Selmin Elisa , Voltan Giacomo , Falaguasta Daniele , Tresso Silvia , Costantini Giorgia , Sparacino Giovanni , Di Camillo Barbara , Tramontan Lara , Cattelan Anna Maria , Vianello Andrea , Fioretto Paola , Vettor Roberto , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBecause other coronaviruses enter the cells by binding to dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4), it has been speculated that DPP‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) may exert an activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In the absence of clinical trial results, we analysed epidemiological data to support or discard such a hypothesis. We retrieved information on exposure to DPP‐4is among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) hospitalized for COVID‐19 at an outbreak hospital in Italy. As a reference, we retrieved information on exposure to DPP‐4is among matched patients with T2D in the same region. Of 403 hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, 85 had T2D. The rate of exposure to DPP‐4is was similar between T2D patients with COVID‐19 (10.6%) and 14 857 matched patients in the region (8.8%), or 793 matched patients in the local outpatient clinic (15.4%), 8284 matched patients hospitalized for other reasons (8.5%), and when comparing 71 patients hospitalized for COVID‐19 pneumonia (11.3%) with 351 matched patients with pneumonia of another aetiology (10.3%). T2D patients with COVID‐19 who were on DPP‐4is had a similar disease outcome as those who were not. In summary, we found no evidence that DPP‐4is might affect hospitalization for COVID‐19.
Prevalence and control of hypertension among patients on haemodialysis
Authors: Tsikliras Nikolaos , Georgianos Panagiotis I. , Vaios Vasilios , Minasidis Elias , Anagnostara Aggelina , Chatzidimitriou Christos , Syrganis Christos , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Zebekakis Pantelis E. , Balaskas Elias V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarlier studies provided considerably variable estimates on the prevalence and control rates of hypertension in haemodialysis because of their heterogeneity in definitions and blood pressure (BP) measurement techniques applied to detect hypertension.Materials and MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 116 clinically stable haemodialysis patients from 3 dialysis centres of Northern Greece underwent home BP monitoring for 1 week with the validated automatic device HEM‐705 (Omron, Healthcare). Routine BP recordings taken before and after dialysis over 6 consecutive sessions were also prospectively collected and averaged. Hypertension was defined as: (a) 1‐week averaged home BP ≥ 135/85 mm Hg; (b) 2‐week averaged predialysis BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg; and (c) 2‐week averaged postdialysis BP ≥ 130/80 mm Hg. Participants on treatment with ≥1 antihypertensives were also classified as hypertensives.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension was 88.8% by home, 86.2% by predialysis and 91.4% by postdialysis BP recordings. In all, 96 participants (82.7%) were being treated with an average of 2.0 ± 1.1 antihypertensive medications. Among drug‐treated participants, 32.6% were controlled by home, 50.5% by predialysis and 45.3% by postdialysis BP recordings. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, greater use of antihypertensive medications and postdialysis overhydration, assessed with bioimpedance spectroscopy, were both independently associated with higher odds of inadequate home BP control.ConclusionsThis study shows that the prevalence, but mainly the control rates of hypertension in patients on haemodialysis, differs between peridialytic and interdialytic BP recordings. Therefore, the wider use of home BP monitoring may improve the determination of BP control status in this high‐risk population.
The C‐terminal domains of the NMDA receptor: How intrinsically disordered tails affect signalling, plasticity and disease
Authors: Warnet Xavier L. , Bakke Krog Helle , Sevillano‐Quispe Oscar G. , Poulsen Hanne , Kjaergaard Magnus 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNMDA receptors are part of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family, and are crucial for neurotransmission and memory. At the cellular level, the effects of activating these receptors include long‐term potentiation (LTP) or depression (LTD). The NMDA receptor is a stringently gated cation channel permeable to Ca2+, and it shares the molecular architecture of a tetrameric ligand‐gated ion channel with the other family members. Its subunits, however, have uniquely long cytoplasmic C‐terminal domains (CTDs). While the molecular gymnastics of the extracellular domains have been described in exquisite detail, much less is known about the structure and function of these CTDs. The CTDs vary dramatically in length and sequence between receptor subunits, but they all have a composition characteristic of intrinsically disordered proteins. The CTDs affect channel properties, trafficking and downstream signalling output from the receptor, and these functions are regulated by alternative splicing, protein–protein interactions, and post‐translational modifications such as phosphorylation and palmitoylation. Here, we review the roles of the CTDs in synaptic plasticity with a focus on biochemical mechanisms. In total, the CTDs play a multifaceted role as a modifier of channel function, a regulator of cellular location and abundance, and signalling scaffold control the downstream signalling output.
Soil organic carbon and clay content as deciding factors for net nitrogen mineralization and cereal yields in boreal mineral soils
Authors: Soinne Helena , Keskinen Riikka , Räty Mari , Kanerva Sanna , Turtola Eila , Kaseva Janne , Nuutinen Visa , Simojoki Asko , Salo Tapio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo achieve appropriate yield levels, inherent nitrogen (N) supply and biological N fixation are often complemented by fertilization. To avoid economic losses and negative environmental impacts due to over‐application of N fertilizer, estimation of the inherent N supply is critical. We aimed to identify the roles of soil texture and organic matter in N mineralization and yield levels attained in cereal cultivation with or without N fertilization in boreal mineral soils. First, the net N mineralization and soil respiration were measured by laboratory incubation with soil samples varying in clay and organic carbon (C) contents. Secondly, to estimate the inherent soil N supply under field conditions, both unfertilized and fertilized cereal yields were measured in fields on clay soils (clay 30–78%) and coarse‐textured soils (clay 0–28%). In clay soils (C 2.5–9.0%), both the net N mineralization and the cereal yields (without and with fertilization) decreased with increasing clay/C ratio. Moreover, in soils with high clay/C ratio, the agronomic N use efficiency (additional yield per kg of fertilizer N) varied considerably, indicating the presence of growth limitations other than N. In coarse‐textured soils, the yield increase attained by fertilization increased with increasing organic C. Our results indicate that for clay soils in a cool and humid climate, the higher the clay content, the more organic C is needed to produce reasonable yields and to ensure efficient use of added nutrients without high N losses to the environment. For coarse soils having a rather high mean organic C of 2.3%, the organic C appeared to improve agronomic N use efficiency. For farmers, simple indicators such as the clay/C ratio or the use of non‐N‐fertilized control plots may be useful for site‐specific adjustment of the rates of N fertilization.Highlights
We aimed to identify simple indicators of inherent soil N supply applicable at the farm level.
In clay soils, the net N mineralization was found to correlate negatively with the clay/C ratio.
In coarse‐textured soils, agronomic N use efficiency improved with increasing soil organic C.
Clay soils with high clay/C ratio are at risk of low yield levels.
A proposed guideline for vagus nerve stimulator handling in palliative care and after death
Authors: Alhajaj Ghadd , Atkinson Jeffrey , Keezer Mark R. , Nikolic Ana , Myers Kenneth A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is often used for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Although this intervention may improve seizure control and mood, a number of factors must be considered when patients with VNS near end of life. We reviewed relevant literature to create a proposed guideline for management of patients with VNS in palliative care and after death. VNS has multiple possible side effects, including cough and swallowing difficulties. For patients with neurologic disease in palliative care, such adverse effects can severely affect quality of life and increase the risk for complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Patients with VNS should be screened regularly for such side effects, and VNS parameters should be adjusted if they are identified. If a patient requires urgent cardiac resuscitation involving external defibrillation, the VNS should be interrogated immediately afterwards to evaluate its function. During defibrillation, paddles should be placed perpendicular to the VNS, and as far as possible away from it. The VNS can be acutely turned off by taping the magnet to the patient's chest, thereby preventing any possible interference with restoration of a normal heart rhythm. After death, any staff involved with handling the body should be notified that a VNS is in place. The device must be removed prior to cremation, as it can explode with high heat. If the cause of death is unclear, a full postmortem examination should be undertaken, per sudden unexpected death in epilepsy guidelines. If there is concern about device malfunction, the device should be returned to the manufacturer for evaluation.
Genetics of equine bleeding disorders
Authors: Dahlgren Anna R. , Tablin Fern , Finno Carrie J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenetic bleeding disorders can have a profound impact on a horse's health and athletic career. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms of these diseases and how they are diagnosed. These diseases include haemophilia A, von Willebrand disease, prekallikrein deficiency, Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia and Atypical Equine Thrombasthenia. Exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage also has a proposed genetic component. Genetic mutations have been identified for haemophilia A and Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia in the horse. Mutations are known for von Willebrand disease and prekallikrein deficiency in other species. In the absence of genetic tests, bleeding disorders are typically diagnosed by measuring platelet function, von Willebrand factor, and other coagulation protein levels and activities. For autosomal recessive diseases, genetic testing can prevent the breeding of two carriers.