bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education supply chain in the era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Li Ling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo date, there is a very limited literature on the use of systems ideas and methodologies as a basis for developing curriculum or courses. To fill the gap, this study has made several contributions by employing systems theory and thinking in analysing issues related to higher education. Industry 4.0 is reshaping the future of education, which opens up our vision and makes us to consider what knowledge and skills students should possess after they have graduated from college, when to accelerate workforce reskilling and what is the building blocks and connections of education supply chain. In this study, it is the first time the concept of ‘education supply chain’ is proposed and coined. Furthermore, our research has led us to view educational systems and configurations, such as international mobility and transnationalization, as outcomes of enduring power related to industrial revolutions. Finally, a curriculum structure based on system thinking is proposed. We engage our inquiry with transformations that are happening around higher education and position our research on the benefits of sharing of global intellectual resource and top talents through transnational mobility and education joint ventures in the context of Industry 4.0.
A Tolerogenic Role of Cathepsin G in a Primate Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Abrogation by Epstein–Barr Virus Infection
Authors: ‘t Hart Bert A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUsing a non-human primate model of the autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS), we have unraveled the role of B cells in the making and breaking of immune tolerance against central nervous system myelin. It is discussed here that B cells prevent the activation of strongly pathogenic T cells present in the naïve repertoire, which are directed against the immunodominant myelin antigen MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein). Prevention occurs via destructive processing of a critical epitope (MOG34-56) through the lysosomal serine protease cathepsin G. This effective tolerance mechanism is abrogated when the B cells are infected with Epstein–Barr virus, a ubiquitous γ1-herpesvirus that entails the strongest non-genetic risk factor for MS.
ISS alone, is not sufficient to correctly assign patients post hoc to trauma team requirement
Authors: Waydhas Christian , Bieler Dan , Hamsen Uwe , Baacke Markus , Lefering Rolf ,   The TraumaRegister DGU
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
An injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 alone, is commonly used post hoc to define the correct activation of a trauma team. However, abnormal vital functions and the requirement of life-saving procedures may also have a role in defining trauma team requirement post hoc. The aim of this study was to describe their prevalence and mortality in severely injured patients and to estimate their potential additional value in the definition of trauma team requirement as compared to the definition based on ISS alone.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of a trauma registry including patients with trauma team activation from the years 2009 until 2015, who were 16 years of age or older and were brought to the trauma center directly from the scene. Patients were divided into a group with an ISS ≥ 16 vs. ISS < 16. For analysis a predefined list of abnormal vital functions and life-saving interventions was used.

Results
58,723 patients were included in the study (N = 32,653 with ISS ≥ 16; N = 26,070 with ISS < 16). From the total number of patients that required life-saving procedures or presented with abnormal vital functions 29.1% were found in the ISS < 16 group. From the ISS < 16 group, 36.7% of patients required life-saving procedures or presented with abnormal vital signs. The mortality of those was 8.1%.

Conclusions
Defining the true requirement of trauma team activation post hoc by using ISS ≥ 16 alone does miss a considerable number of subjects who require life-saving interventions or present with abnormal vital functions. Therefore, life-saving interventions and abnormal vital functions should be included in the definitions for trauma team requirement. Further studies have to evaluate, which life-saving procedures and abnormal vital functions are most relevant.
Healthcare use before and after suicide attempt in refugees and Swedish-born individuals
Authors: Amin Ridwanul , Rahman Syed , Tinghög Petter , Helgesson Magnus , Runeson Bo , Björkenstam Emma , Qin Ping , Mehlum Lars , Holmes Emily A. , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
There is a lack of research on whether healthcare use before and after a suicide attempt differs between refugees and the host population. We aimed to investigate if the patterns of specialised (inpatient and specialised outpatient) psychiatric and somatic healthcare use, 3 years before and after a suicide attempt, differ between refugees and the Swedish-born individuals in Sweden. Additionally, we aimed to explore if specialised healthcare use differed among refugee suicide attempters according to their sex, age, education or receipt of disability pension.

Methods
All refugees and Swedish-born individuals, 20–64 years of age, treated for suicide attempt in specialised healthcare during 2004–2013 (n = 85,771 suicide attempters, of which 4.5% refugees) were followed 3 years before and after (Y − 3 to Y + 3) the index suicide attempt (t0) regarding their specialised healthcare use. Annual adjusted prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of specialised healthcare use were assessed by generalized estimating equations (GEE). Additionally, in analyses among the refugees, GEE models were stratified by sex, age, educational level and disability pension.

Results
Compared to Swedish-born, refugees had lower prevalence rates of psychiatric and somatic healthcare use during the observation period. During Y + 1, 25% (95% CI 23–28%) refugees and 30% (95% CI 29–30%) Swedish-born used inpatient psychiatric healthcare. Among refugees, a higher specialised healthcare use was observed in disability pension recipients than non-recipients.

Conclusion
Refugees used less specialised healthcare, before and after a suicide attempt, relative to the Swedish-born. Strengthened cultural competence among healthcare professionals and better health literacy among the refugees may improve healthcare access in refugees.
Ligand-receptor-mediated attachment of lipid vesicles to a supported lipid bilayer
Authors: Zhdanov Vladimir P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe interaction of exosomes (cell-secreted $$\sim $$
∼
100 nm-sized extracellular vesicles) or membrane-enveloped virions with cellular lipid membranes is often mediated by relatively weak ligand-receptor bonds. Interactions of this type can be studied using vesicles and observing their attachment to receptors located in a lipid bilayer formed at a solid surface. The contact region between a vesicle and the supported lipid bilayer and accordingly the number of ligand-receptor pairs there can be increased by deforming a vesicle. Herein, I (i) estimate theoretically the corresponding deformation energy assuming a disk-like or elongated shape of vesicles, (ii) present the equations allowing one to track such deformations by employing total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and surface plasmon resonance, and (iii) briefly discuss some related experimental studies.
The Importance of Abdominal Wall Closure After Definitive Surgery for Enterocutaneous Fistula
Authors: Martinez Jose L. , Souza‐Gallardo Luis Manuel , Ferat‐Osorio Eduardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe coexistence of an enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) with large abdominal wall defects represent one of the most demanding situations seen by a surgeon. Simultaneous treatment of ECF closure with abdominal wall defect closure has been widely debated. Our objective was to determine if the type of abdominal wall closure was associated with fistula recurrence after definitive surgery for ECF.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients submitted to fistula resection with primary anastomosis for ECF closure. Among several variables, total abdominal wall closure (primary independent variable) was assessed as a factor related to the recurrence of the ECF (dependent variable). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOne‐hundred and fourteen patients were included. Fistula recurred in 39 patients (34%). Total abdominal wall closure was done in 37 patients (32%). ECF recurred in 16% (6 of 37 patients) when abdominal wall closure was performed, compared to 43% (33 of 77 patients) when this was not (p < 0.02). After multivariate analyses, abdominal wall closure was found as a protective factor against recurrence (p < 0.02). Patients with total abdominal wall closure had one‐fourth of risk for recurrence compared to patients without it. Other factors associated to recurrence of ECF were multiple fistulas (p < 0.05), intraoperative blood loss >325 mL (p < 0.05) and preoperative C‐reactive protein >0.5 mg/dL (p < 0.01).ConclusionOur results suggest that total abdominal wall closure is a protective factor against fistula recurrence after definitive surgery for ECF.
Magnetic Tracking and Electrocardiography-Guided Tip Confirmation System Versus Fluoroscopy for Placement of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: A Randomized, Noninferiority Comparison
Authors: Mack V. , Nißler D. , Kasikci D. , Malouhi A. , Aschenbach R. , Teichgräber U. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether the use of a magnetic tracking and electrocardiography-guided catheter tip confirmation system (TCS) is safe and noninferior to fluoroscopy concerning positioning accuracy of a peripheral inserted central catheter (PICC).

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, single-center study, adult patients scheduled for PICC insertion were assigned 1:1 either to TCS or fluoroscopy. The primary objective was a noninferiority comparison of correct PICC tip position confirmed by X-ray obtained immediately after catheter insertion. Time needed for PICC insertion and insertion-related complications up to 14 days after the procedure were secondary outcomes to be assessed for superiority.

Results
A total of 210 patients (62.3 ± 14.4 years, 63.8% male) were included at a single German center between June 2016 and October 2017. Correct PICC tip position was achieved in 84 of 103 TCS (82.4%) and 103 of 104 fluoroscopy patients (99.0%). One-sided 95% lower confidence limit on the difference between proportions was −23.1%. Thus, noninferiority of TCS was not established (p > 0.99). Insertion of PICC took longer with TCS compared to fluoroscopy (8.4 ± 3.7 min vs. 5.0 ± 2.7 min, p < 0.001). Incidence of complications within a mean follow-up of 5.0 ± 2.3 days did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusion
Noninferiority of TCS to fluoroscopy in the incidence of correct PICC tip position was not reached. Ancillary benefit of TCS over fluoroscopy including less radiation exposure and lower resource requirements may nonetheless justify the use of TCS. The study is registered with Clinical.Trials.gov (Identifier: NCT02929368).
Reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in gadoxetate-enhanced MR with a deep learning–based filter using convolutional neural network
Authors: Kromrey M.-L. , Tamada D. , Johno H. , Funayama S. , Nagata N. , Ichikawa S. , Kühn J.-P. , Onishi H. , Motosugi U. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To reveal the utility of motion artifact reduction with convolutional neural network (MARC) in gadoxetate disodium–enhanced multi-arterial phase MRI of the liver.

Methods
This retrospective study included 192 patients (131 men, 68.7 ± 10.3 years) receiving gadoxetate disodium–enhanced liver MRI in 2017. Datasets were submitted to a newly developed filter (MARC), consisting of 7 convolutional layers, and trained on 14,190 cropped images generated from abdominal MR images. Motion artifact for training was simulated by adding periodic k-space domain noise to the images. Original and filtered images of pre-contrast and 6 arterial phases (7 image sets per patient resulting in 1344 sets in total) were evaluated regarding motion artifacts on a 4-point scale. Lesion conspicuity in original and filtered images was ranked by side-by-side comparison.

Results
Of the 1344 original image sets, motion artifact score was 2 in 597, 3 in 165, and 4 in 54 sets. MARC significantly improved image quality over all phases showing an average motion artifact score of 1.97 ± 0.72 compared to 2.53 ± 0.71 in original MR images (p < 0.001). MARC improved motion scores from 2 to 1 in 177/596 (29.65%), from 3 to 2 in 119/165 (72.12%), and from 4 to 3 in 34/54 sets (62.96%). Lesion conspicuity was significantly improved (p < 0.001) without removing anatomical details.

Conclusions
Motion artifacts and lesion conspicuity of gadoxetate disodium–enhanced arterial phase liver MRI were significantly improved by the MARC filter, especially in cases with substantial artifacts. This method can be of high clinical value in subjects with failing breath-hold in the scan.

Key Points
• This study presents a newly developed deep learning–based filter for artifact reduction using convolutional neural network (motion artifact reduction with convolutional neural network, MARC).
• MARC significantly improved MR image quality after gadoxetate disodium administration by reducing motion artifacts, especially in cases with severely degraded images.
• Postprocessing with MARC led to better lesion conspicuity without removing anatomical details.
How to create an operational multi-model of seasonal forecasts?
Authors: Hemri Stephan , Bhend Jonas , Liniger Mark A. , Manzanas Rodrigo , Siegert Stefan , Stephenson David B. , Gutiérrez José M. , Brookshaw Anca , Doblas-Reyes Francisco J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeasonal forecasts of variables like near-surface temperature or precipitation are becoming increasingly important for a wide range of stakeholders. Due to the many possibilities of recalibrating, combining, and verifying ensemble forecasts, there are ambiguities of which methods are most suitable. To address this we compare approaches how to process and verify multi-model seasonal forecasts based on a scientific assessment performed within the framework of the EU Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Quality Assurance for Multi-model Seasonal Forecast Products (QA4Seas) contract C3S 51 lot 3. Our results underpin the importance of processing raw ensemble forecasts differently depending on the final forecast product needed. While ensemble forecasts benefit a lot from bias correction using climate conserving recalibration, this is not the case for the intrinsically bias adjusted multi-category probability forecasts. The same applies for multi-model combination. In this paper, we apply simple, but effective, approaches for multi-model combination of both forecast formats. Further, based on existing literature we recommend to use proper scoring rules like a sample version of the continuous ranked probability score and the ranked probability score for the verification of ensemble forecasts and multi-category probability forecasts, respectively. For a detailed global visualization of calibration as well as bias and dispersion errors, using the Chi-square decomposition of rank histograms proved to be appropriate for the analysis performed within QA4Seas.
The contributions of fronts, lows and thunderstorms to southern Australian rainfall
Authors: Pepler Acacia S. , Dowdy Andrew J. , van Rensch Peter , Rudeva Irina , Catto Jennifer L. , Hope Pandora 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA systematic analysis of the main weather types influencing southern Australian rainfall is presented for the period 1979–2015. This incorporates two multi-method datasets of cold fronts and low pressure systems, which indicate the more robust fronts and lows as distinguished from the weaker and less impactful events that are often indicated only by a single method. The front and low pressure system datasets are then combined with a dataset of environmental conditions associated with thunderstorms, as well as datasets of warm fronts and high pressure systems. The results demonstrate that these weather types collectively account for about 86% of days and more than 98% of rainfall in Australia south of 25° S. We also show how the key rain-bearing weather systems vary throughout the year and for different regions, with the co-occurrence of simultaneous lows, fronts and thunderstorm conditions particularly important during the spring and summer months in southeast Australia.
Sporadic colorectal cancer in adolescents and young adults: a scoping review of a growing healthcare concern
Authors: Christodoulides Natasha , Lami Mariam , Malietzis George , Rasheed Shahnawaz , Tekkis Paris , Kontovounisios Christos 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) amongst adolescents and young adults (AYA) is increasing in incidence. The reasons for this trend are not well understood. Current guidelines do not specifically address this patient cohort. A scoping review was performed to summarise the range of available evidence and identify key areas that need to be addressed in current guidelines.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted adhering to the PRISMA statement. All potentially eligible studies were screened, and data extraction was performed by two reviewers independently. The studies were then divided into 5 broad subgroups: (1) risk factors, (2) screening, (3) clinicopathological and molecular features, (4) presentation and (5) management. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.

Results
A total of 17 studies were included from 2010 to 2019. Overall, young adults with CRC tend to present with non-specific symptoms. The majority of these patients have a delayed diagnosis and more advanced disease at presentation, with a rise in prevalence of distal colon and rectal cancers. AYAs tend to have poorly differentiated tumours and are managed more aggressively. Overall 5-year survival varies between studies.

Conclusion
This is, to our knowledge, the first scoping review presenting the range of available evidence on CRC in AYAs. Although the rise in incidence is recognised by specialist bodies, recommendations are limited by the sparsity of available data. We seek to highlight the need for further research, define the role of earlier screening and raise awareness to promote thorough assessment of young patients.
Anaemia is associated with severe RBC dysfunction and a reduced circulating NO pool: vascular and cardiac eNOS are crucial for the adaptation to anaemia
Authors: Wischmann Patricia , Kuhn Viktoria , Suvorava Tatsiana , Muessig Johanna M. , Fischer Jens W. , Isakson Brant E. , Haberkorn Sebastian M. , Flögel Ulrich , Schrader Jürgen , Jung Christian , Cortese-Krott Miriam M. , Heusch Gerd , Kelm Malte 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAnaemia is frequently present in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and contributes to an adverse prognosis. We hypothesised that, besides reduced oxygen carrying capacity, anaemia is associated with (1) red blood cell (RBC) dysfunction and a reduced circulating nitric oxide (NO) pool, (2) compensatory enhancement of vascular and cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and (3) contribution of both, RBC dysfunction and reduced circulatory NO pool to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and fatal outcome in AMI. In mouse models of subacute and chronic anaemia from repeated mild blood loss the circulating NO pool, RBC, cardiac and vascular function were analysed at baseline and in reperfused AMI. In anaemia, RBC function resulted in profound changes in membrane properties, enhanced turnover, haemolysis, dysregulation of intra-erythrocytotic redox state, and RBC-eNOS. RBC from anaemic mice and from anaemic patients with acute coronary syndrome impaired the recovery of contractile function of isolated mouse hearts following ischaemia/reperfusion. In anaemia, the circulating NO pool was reduced. The cardiac and vascular adaptation to anaemia was characterised by increased arterial eNOS expression and activity and an eNOS-dependent increase of end-diastolic left ventricular volume. Endothelial dysfunction induced through genetic or pharmacologic reduction of eNOS-activity abrogated the anaemia-induced cardio-circulatory compensation. Superimposed AMI was associated with decreased survival. In summary, moderate blood loss anaemia is associated with severe RBC dysfunction and reduced circulating NO pool. Vascular and cardiac eNOS are crucial for the cardio-circulatory adaptation to anaemia. RBC dysfunction together with eNOS dysfunction may contribute to adverse outcomes in AMI.
Mucinous borderline ovarian tumors with BRAFV600E mutation may have low risk for progression to invasive carcinomas
Authors: Ohnishi Kaori , Nakayama Kentaro , Ishikawa Masako , Ishibashi Tomoka , Yamashita Hitomi , Nakamura Kohei , Minamoto Toshiko , Iida Kouji , Razia Sultana , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Kyo Satoru 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOCs) are relatively rare. It has been proposed that a subset of mucinous cystadenomas (MCAs) may progress to mucinous borderline tumors (MBTs), and then to MOCs. KRAS is the predominantly mutated gene in MOC; however, other associated mutations and the mechanism underlying carcinogenesis in MOC remain unclear. Here, we assessed molecular genetic alterations in mucinous ovarian tumors and constructed mutation profiles.

Methods
Using the Sanger sequencing method, we assessed genetic mutations (KRAS, BRAF, TP53, and PIK3CA) in 16 cases of MOC, 10 cases of MBT, and 12 cases of MCA.

Results
Among MOC cases, the prevalence of G12D and G13D KRAS mutations was 43.8% (7/16). No MOC cases showed V600E BRAF and TP53 mutations. Among MBT cases, the prevalence of G12D KRAS mutation was 20.0% (2/10), those of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations were nil, and that of V600E BRAF mutation was 40% (4/10). None of the genetic mutations assessed were detected among MCA cases.

Conclusion
These results suggest that MBT with V600E BRAF mutation may rarely progress to MOC, while MBT with G12D or G13D KRAS mutation may more commonly progress to MOC.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation of left and right inferior frontal gyrus on creative divergent thinking are moderated by changes in inhibition control
Authors: Khalil Radwa , Karim Ahmed A. , Kondinska Angela , Godde Ben 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDivergent thinking (DT) as one component of creativity is the ability to search for multiple solutions to a single problem and is reliably tested with the Alternative Uses Task (AUT). DT depends on activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a prefrontal region that has also been associated with inhibitory control (IC). Experimentally manipulating IC through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) led to alterations in DT. Here, we aimed at further examining such potential mediating effects of IC on DT (measured as flexibility, fluency, and originality in the AUT) by modulating IC tDCS. Participants received either cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS) of the left IFG coupled with anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) of the right IFG (L−R + ; N = 19), or the opposite treatment (L + R−; N = 21). We hypothesized that L + R− stimulation would enhance IC assessed with the Go NoGo task (GNGT), and that facilitated IC would result in lower creativity scores. The reversed stimulation arrangement (i.e., L− R +) should result in higher creativity scores. We found that tDCS only affected the originality component of the AUT but not flexibility or fluency. We also found no effects on IC, and thus, the mediation effect of IC could not be confirmed. However, we observed a moderation effect: inhibition of left and facilitation of right IFG (L−R +) resulted in enhanced flexibility and originality scores, only when IC performance was also improved. We conclude that inducing a right-to-left gradient in IFG activity by tDCS is efficient in enhancing DT, but only under conditions where tDCS is sufficient to alter IC performance as well.