bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Osteoblast and Mitochondrial Dynamics and Their Transfer in Osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Jiaxuan , Zhang Xuequan , Hou Honghao , Ouyang Jun , Dai Jingxing 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMitochondria are important organelles in the human body and play a major role in providing cellular energy, maintaining tissue homeostasis and apoptosis. Osteoporosis, characterised by a decrease in the amount of bone tissue per unit volume, is a metabolic bone pathology with multiple causes. Under pathological conditions, mitochondrial dysfunction leads to an imbalance in mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in a disruption of osteoblast–osteoclast homeostasis, which in turn disrupts bone homeostasis, and this disruption of homeostasis is an important pathogenetic mechanism underlying chronic metabolic bone disease in osteoporosis. Numerous studies have shown that bone homeostasis is closely related to mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial translocation in the mitochondrial quality control system, and the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is closely related to osteoporosis. In this review, we describe the progress of osteoblast and osteoclast research and mitochondrial dynamics in osteoporosis, and the role of mitochondrial translocation in bone homeostasis, in the hope that it can stimulate new research in osteoporotic metabolic bone disease and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Effect of Excess Mortality on Longevity During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in South Asia
Authors: Rabbi Ahbab Mohammad Fazle , Khan Hafiz T. A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThroughout the twentieth century and beyond, a global trend of declining mortality rates and an increase in life expectancies was noted until the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. A reduction in life expectancies was observed in most countries, including South Asia, during 2020 and 2021 due to the excess mortality caused by the pandemic.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the change in life expectancy in selected South Asian countries and the relative change in age‐ and sex‐specific mortality rates over time due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition to that, we further examined the effect of a pandemic on a short‐term forecast of life expectancy.Data and MethodsEstimated age‐ and sex‐specific mortality rates of seven South Asian countries were utilised from the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects (WPP 2022). Changes in life expectancies are estimated using standard life table estimation techniques. To estimate the relative change in age‐ and sex‐specific mortality levels and change in mortality forecasts as a result of the pandemic, we applied the Lee‐Carter method.ResultsThe application of the Lee–Carter model revealed age‐ and sex‐specific variations in mortality improvements, reflecting heightened mortality rates within the region. This decline in mortality improvement is highly observed for both sexes in Pakistan, followed by India and Bangladesh. Populations exhibiting slower rates of improvement throughout their lifespan demonstrated minimal alterations attributable to the pandemic's impact. Comparative life expectancy forecasts indicate a slower rise in post‐pandemic life expectancy at birth and in remaining life expectancies at older ages among most of these populations.ConclusionThese findings highlight the pandemic's profound impact on mortality dynamics, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to mitigate its long‐term effects on population health and longevity.
The impact of age, sex, and gender on polypharmacy and potential prescribing cascades: Lessons from five databases
Authors: Rochon Paula A. , Li Joyce , O'Mahony Denis , Onder Graziano , Petrovic Mirko , Sternberg Shelley A. , Gurwitz Jerry H. , Savage Rachel D. , Wu Wei , Giannakeas Vasily , Kthupi Altea , Dalton Kieran , McCarthy Lisa M. , Mason Robin , Giancola Amanda , Borhani Parya , Cherubini Antonio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew studies describe how gender‐related factors may contribute to polypharmacy and prescribing cascades. Describing these patterns using cross‐national comparisons can improve the robustness of findings and provide lessons on the importance of considering age, sex, and gender in pharmacological research. The aim of the study was to explore the intersection of age, sex, and gender with polypharmacy and co‐prescribing suggesting a potential prescribing cascade.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional descriptive study, we assessed polypharmacy and calcium channel blocker and diuretic co‐prescribing suggesting a prescribing cascade in patients aged ≥65 years from five international secondary databases: population‐level community and nursing home (ICES, Maccabi Healthcare Services), clinical trial (SENATOR), and patient registry (Report‐AGE, SHELTER). The intersection of age, sex, and gender was explored.ResultsAll databases provided age and sex; none included gender‐identity data. Gender‐related sociocultural factors, socioeconomic status (SES) measured as income and educational attainment, and marital status were not uniformly collected. Compared with males, females had lower income, has less educational attainment, and were more frequently widowed. Polypharmacy was more common in men. Co‐prescribing suggesting a prescribing cascade was more frequent in females in four databases and was also more frequent in lower SES and unmarried groups (significant in ICES (community and nursing home) and Maccabi (community), with a nonsignificant trend in Maccabi (nursing home) and three remaining databases). Using two population‐level databases, the prevalence of co‐prescribing suggesting a prescribing cascade was highest among females 85 years and older who were also in the lower SES group (11.0% ICES and 14.6% Maccabi). Gender disparity was highest in this group (ICES Differential Prevalence = 3.0%, Maccabi Differential Prevalence = 3.8%).ConclusionOlder adults with lower SES experienced polypharmacy or co‐prescribing suggesting a prescribing cascade more frequently than those with higher SES. Within the lower SES groups, females more frequently than males had evidence of co‐prescribing suggesting a prescribing cascade. Considering the role of sex and gender‐related sociocultural factors may help to better understand some contributors to polypharmacy and prescribing cascades. The research applications are highlighted in our five lessons learned.
Test Assets and Weak Factors
Authors: GIGLIO STEFANO , XIU DACHENG , ZHANG DAKE 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe show that two important issues in empirical asset pricing—the presence of weak factors and the selection of test assets—are deeply connected. Since weak factors are those to which test assets have limited exposure, an appropriate selection of test assets can improve the strength of factors. Building on this insight, we introduce supervised principal component analysis (SPCA), a methodology that iterates supervised selection, principal‐component estimation, and factor projection. It enables risk premia estimation and factor model diagnosis even when weak factors are present and not all factors are observed. We establish SPCA's asymptotic properties and showcase its empirical applications.
Quantitative Data Quality Assurance, Analysis and Presentation
Authors: Slater Paul , Hasson Felicity 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuantitative data quality assurance is the systematic process and procedures used to ensure the accuracy, consistency, reliability, and integrity of data throughout the research process. Effective quality assurance helps identify and correct errors, reduce biases, and ensure the data meets the standards needed for analysis and reporting. This paper provides an overview of key issues to consider when working with data and reporting findings.
Clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats and evaluation of other risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mortier Femke , Daminet Sylvie , Marynissen Sofie , Verbeke Joren , Paepe Dominique 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBorderline proteinuria is associated with decreased survival in cats with azotemic chronic kidney disease (CKD).ObjectivesDetermine the clinical importance of borderline proteinuria in nonazotemic cats.AnimalsA total of 201 healthy client‐owned cats ≥7 years of age; 150 nonproteinuric (urinary protein : creatinine ratio [UPC] <0.2) and 51 borderline proteinuric (UPC 0.2‐0.4).MethodsProspective study. Cats were thoroughly screened and subsequently examined every 6 months for 2 years. Kaplan‐Meier curves were compared between nonproteinuric and borderline proteinuric cats. Univariable and multivariable Cox models were fit to determine the relationship between development of renal disease and potential risk factors such as age, sex, breed, weight, dental disease, blood pressure, serum creatinine concentration (sCrea), serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration (sSDMA), blood urea nitrogen concentration, urine specific gravity (USG), and UPC.ResultsSignificantly more cats with borderline proteinuria at inclusion developed renal disease (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] ≥ stage 2 CKD or renal proteinuria; log‐rank P = .004) or died (log‐rank P = .02) within 2 years, compared with nonproteinuric cats. In the multivariate analysis, IRIS stage 1 CKD (persistent USG <1.035 or sSDMA >14 μg/dL; hazard ratio [HR], 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0‐8.8; P < .001), sCrea ≥1.6 mg/dL (≥140 μmol/L; HR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1‐6.4; P = .04), borderline proteinuria (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2‐5.2; P = .01), and age at inclusion (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.5; P < .001) were significantly associated with diagnosis of renal disease 6 months later.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBorderline proteinuria should receive more attention in healthy mature adult and senior cats because it is associated with renal disease and death.
Effects of polyphenol rich sugarcane extract on growth performance, survival, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus infections of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Wimanhaemin Parattagorn , Chuchird Niti , Rairat Tirawat , Keetanon Arunothai , Phansawat Putsucha , Kumphaphat Sunisa , Kitsanayanyong Lalitphan , Arnott Tom , Flavel Matthew 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPolyphenol‐rich sugarcane extract (PRSE) is a product of sugarcane obtained from the sugar refinery industry and can potentially be used as a feed additive in farmed animals. The purposes of the current study were to evaluate the effects of PRSE on growth performance, survival, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infections of Pacific white shrimp, (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, the postlarvae were randomly divided into five groups (8 replicates/group and 80 shrimp/tank) and fed commercial feeds supplemented with PRSE at the rate of 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% of the diets four times/day for 60 days to evaluate the body weight, survival rate, and immune function. In Experiment 2, the juvenile shrimp from Experiment 1 were randomly redistributed into six groups (four treatment groups as in Experiment 1, positive control, and negative control with 3 replicates/group and 30 shrimp/tank) and challenged with either V. parahaemolyticus or WSSV via immersion (105 colony‐forming units/mL) and oral (feeding with infected tissues) routes, respectively, to evaluate disease resistance. Our results demonstrated that shrimp body weight for the 0.8% PRSE group was significantly greater than the other groups, and those fed 0.4%–0.8% PRSE demonstrated a significant improvement in survival, total hemocyte count, phagocytic activity, phenoloxidase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity compared with the controls. On day 7 following the V. parahaemolyticus challenges, the survival rates of the 0.4%–0.8% PRSE‐fed shrimp (70%–73%) were significantly greater than the control counterpart (46%). However, shrimp challenged with WSSV suffered severe mortality regardless of the treatment groups, but those treated with 0.4%–0.8% PRSE showed delayed mortality. In conclusion, results suggested that dietary PRSE supplemented at 0.4%–0.8% diets were beneficial for improving overall health and disease resistance in shrimp culture.
A pre and post evaluation of the communication and interaction training programme for professionals in dementia care
Authors: Trees Sophie , James Ian Andrew , Stapleton Sally , Rippon Daniel 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundNICE guidelines advocate that healthcare professionals should aim to use non‐pharmacological and person‐centred approaches as primary strategies to reduce or prevent distress in people living with dementia who reside within care settings. However, despite these recommendations, recent studies have illustrated that there is still a requirement for healthcare professionals to have adequate opportunities to access training programmes and guidance on how to effectively use non‐pharmacological approaches in dementia care settings. Communication and Interaction Training (CAIT) was developed to train healthcare professionals in dementia care on how to apply person‐centred principles to effectively reduce or negate distress in people living with dementia in a non‐invasive manner.AimsThis paper provides an overview of current debates regarding the use of non‐pharmacological approaches in dementia care, as initial care strategies, to reduce the primary use of pharmacological interventions that may have deleterious side effects for people living with dementia. Furthermore, this paper provides a summary of an evaluation that assessed the extent to which a 2‐day CAIT programme could enhance healthcare professionals in their perceived ability to communicate therapeutically with and provide care for people living with dementia.Materials & MethodsIn this evaluation, 35 healthcare professionals in dementia care engaged with the 2‐day CAIT programme. The Confidence in Dementia Scale, Knowledge in Dementia Scale and Compassionate Competence Scale were administered for participants to complete pre and post training.ResultsA series of parametric paired samples t‐tests were completed, and the results indicated that the 2‐day CAIT course was effective in enhancing healthcare professionals' perceived confidence, communication skills, sensitivity, and ability to meet the care needs of people living with dementia. However, staff’ knowledge of dementia did not significantly increase following the CAIT course, which could be due to participants already having high levels of knowledge on dementia prior to training.Discussion & ConclusionThese results indicated that engaging in CAIT could be beneficial in enhancing healthcare professionals' perceived ability to use therapeutic communication strategies in their interactions with people living with dementia. Discussion is provided on how the delivery of training programmes, such as CAIT, may assist in re‐enforcing guidelines that advocate for the use of non‐pharmacological and non‐invasive approaches in dementia care.
Outcomes of children with isolated antenatal hydronephrosis
Authors: Akyol Onder Esra Nagehan , Yilmaz Omer , Taneli Can , Ertan Pelin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAntenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is one of the most common abnormalities detected during prenatal ultrasound. There is significant variability in the postnatal management of ANH. Our objective was to report the outcomes of patients with ANH, spontaneous resolution rates, surgical intervention rates, and factors contributing to these parameters.MethodsA total of 227 patients and 264 renal units with ANH were included in this study. We used the renal pelvis anteroposterior diameter and the Society for Fetal Urology grading system to classify and compare ANH as mild, moderate, and severe.ResultsThe patients’ median follow‐up period was 48 months (with a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 136 months). Of the 264 renal units, 123 (46.6%) had mild, 101 (38.26%) had moderate, and 40 (15.15%) had severe antenatal hydronephrosis. The spontaneous resolution rate was 91.9% in the mild hydronephrosis group (n = 113), 81.2% (n = 82) in the moderate hydronephrosis group, and 37.5% (n = 15) in the severe hydronephrosis group. The patients with higher hydronephrosis grades required a longer time to resolve. Only one patient with a posterior urethral valve had reduced estimated glomerular filtration. None of the patients had proteinuria or hypertension.ConclusionAlthough the outcome of the patients with mild hydronephrosis was excellent, there was a progression of the disease, especially within the first 6 months, and 6% of our cases required surgical intervention. Additional prospective studies are needed to define the risk of urinary tract abnormalities with any degree of ANH.
Survey and characterization of oomycete species associated with root rot in UK red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
Authors: Browne Eithne Y. , Edwards Simon G. , Deakin Greg , Fernández Felicidad Fernández , Nellist Charlotte F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhytophthora rubi has been reported as the primary causal agent of raspberry root rot (RRR) in the UK, resulting in severe economic losses. Recent observations suggest the RRR complex may be more diverse than previously thought. This study investigated the Peronosporales species present in UK raspberry plants and factors affecting their diversity and abundance. Eighty‐six symptomatic root and 86 cane samples were collected from seven farms in the UK in 2020 and 2021. Five additional samples were collected from blackberry roots. Symptomatic tissue was plated onto selective media, and resultant isolates were identified by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcoding. Twelve isolates of five species of Phytophthora (P. citrophthora, P. pini, P. erythroseptica, P. cryptogea and P. pseudocryptogea) and seven isolates of two Phytopythium species (Pp. vexans and Pp. litorale) were collected. Isolate pathogenicity was assessed on detached leaves, with Pp. litorale and Pp. vexans exhibiting significantly higher pathogenicity on raspberry leaves than an isolate of P. rubi. High‐throughput sequencing of the ITS region of symptomatic root samples revealed farm location had a significant effect on Peronosporales community composition (p = 0.001), and both farm location and plant variety significantly affected the abundance of taxa (p < 0.002 and p < 2 × 10−16, respectively). This study presents Pp. vexans and Pp. litorale as new potential pathogens for further study. Furthermore, we recommend the inclusion of other Peronosporales species into resistance screens in raspberry breeding programmes to produce genotypes more resilient to community composition shifts in raspberry root pathospheres in the UK.
The Transformative Role of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Microbiomes in Biofloc Systems for Sustainable Aquaculture: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ramasubburayan Ramasamy , Prakash Santhiyagu , Immanuel Grasian , Mubarakali Davoodbasha , Rajakumar Govindasamy , Thirumurugan Durairaj , Palavesam Arunachalam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal demand for animal protein has increased dramatically due to the exponential development of the human population, which in turn led to intensification of aquaculture. However, the aforementioned fact impose stress on cultivable organisms, resulting in susceptibility to infectious diseases. Alternatively, this situation warranted the search for an environmentally friendly approach to replace the application of various chemical, physical, and biological processes that fail to cope with the required standards. In this context, biofloc technology (BFT) has emerged as a viable technique for aquaculture management with a sustainable and environmentally benign approach that has proven to have no adverse effects. BFT provides a conducive environment for cultivable aquatic species and system sustainability. Also, by maintaining the C:N ratio, the microbiome of BFT offers an appropriate carbon source and recycles waste. As well, the addition of probiotics and prebiotics (polysaccharides) in BFT certainly improves the host's antioxidant status, innate immunity, and disease resistance. Numerous studies on the use of BFT for various aquatic farmed species have been carried out recently, and it has evolved as a promising technique for the growth of sustainable aquaculture. BFT uses less water, increases productivity, provides biosecurity, and improves the health status of numerous aquaculture species. This review aims to compile and validate the scientific data about the benefits of biofloc in ensuring the health, biosecurity, and sustainability of aquaculture in light of the transformative role of probiotics, prebiotics, and microbiomes.
The Applicability of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide Behavior Among Junior High School Students in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana
Authors: Azasu Enoch Kordjo , Quarshie Emmanuel Nii‐Boye , Messias Erick , Joe Sean 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe interpersonal‐psychological theory of suicidal behavior (IPTSB) is widely applied to explain non‐fatal suicide behaviors, but yet to be tested empirically with a Ghanaian sample.AimsUsing a total of 800 junior high school students (JHS) in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, this study tests the utility of the IPTSB with the aim of having a better understanding of how suicide behavior is occurring among this young generation of Ghanaians.Materials and MethodsThe study used the WHO‐CIDI's self‐reported measures on suicide behavior and the Interpersonal needs questionnaire, which measures the elements of the IPTSB. Structural equation modeling was performed using Mplus to test the overall fit of the model as well as associations among the predictor variables and outcome variables.ResultsThe study found the IPTSB was significant for explaining 12‐month and lifetime suicide behaviors in the sample. Also, 12‐month suicide attempt was significantly associated with increased 12‐month suicide ideation, increased acquired capability and increased perceived burdensomeness. In addition, 12‐month suicide ideation was significantly associated with increased thwarted belongingness and increased perceived burdensomeness.Discussion and ConclusionThis study provides new information for clinicians and policy makers working to reduce suicide behavior among Ghanaian adolescents.