bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderate/high resistance exercise is better to reduce blood glucose and blood pressure in middle-aged diabetic subjects
Authors: Sousa Ricardo Augusto Leoni de , Hagenbeck Karinn Faro , Arsa Gisela , Pardono Emerson 
Published: July 2020

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) main feature is insulin resistance. Hypertension is a comorbidity linked to T2D. Resistance exercise (RE) is an important non-pharmacological tool to contribute to managing blood glucose and blood pressure (BP), but there is not a common sense about acute effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute physiological effects after two different RE sessions using different intensities at middle-aged hypertensive T2D subjects. There were 40 middle-aged men (20 nondiabetics; 20 diabetics), who underwent an exercise protocol with the same volume at 60% or 75% of the one maximum repetition test (1RM), consisting in: bench press, triceps pulley, rowing machine, barbell curl, lateral raise with dumbbells and barbell squat. Physiological changes were evaluated through BP, glycemia, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, C reactive protein (C-RP), testosterone and cortisol.For non-diabetics, both intensities promoted blood glucose uptake (8.2% to 11.1%, p<0.05), and only the 75%1RM session induced blood glucose uptake in 5.7% in the diabetics. Post-exercise hypotension was significant after RE at 75%1RM for systolic BP (SBP) and after both intensities for diastolic BP (DBP) in non-diabetics, while the SBP and DPB reduced after both intensities for diabetics. RE at 75%1RM resulted in better blood glucose uptake, and both intensities reduced the BP in diabetic subjects. After 75%1RM there was a higher indirect muscle damage result. The alterations in hormones, C-RP, and indirect muscle damage markers indicated an adequate acute anabolic recovery with no significant inflammation in both intensities. Acute RE at 60%1RM or 75%1RM can used as an extra tool to manage both pathologic conditions.
Perfil dermatoglífico das atletas de voleibol feminino da Copa da Rainha da Espanha
Authors: Alberti Adriano , Fin Gracielle , Sartori Gabriela , Grigollo Leoberto Ricardo , Garcia Manso Juan Manuel , Rodriguez Ruiz David , Quiroga Escudero Miriam Esther , Nodari Junior Rudy José 
Published: July 2020

Situado entre os cinco maiores esportes de prestígio no mundo, o voleibol é um esporte que exige potência, agilidade, bem como alta velocidade de seus atletas, principalmente quando praticado em alto nível de competição. Seguindo esse contexto, torna-se importante o surgimento de ferramentas que possam servir de subsidio para a orientação de novos talentos na modalidade em questão. A dermatoglífia surge como um método possível para a busca e orientação de atletas no desporto de alto rendimento. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as impressões digitais de atletas femininas de alto rendimento de Voleibol da Copa da Rainha da Espanha e de um grupo controle composto por mulheres não atletas. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 162 indivíduos do sexo feminino divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro composto por 81 atletas profissionais de equipes femininas de voleibol, participantes da Copa da Rainha de Voleibol da Espanha, que foram comparadas ao Grupo Controle, composto por 81 mulheres não atletas. A análise dermatoglífica seguiu o protocolo proposto por Cummins e Midlo, por intermédio do Leitor Dermatoglífico® validado por Nodari. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que na comparação das variáveis numéricas, a quantidade de linhas do dedo médio da mão direita (MDSQL3) é menor no grupo das atletas profissionais de voleibol, quando comparados ao grupo controle. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo demonstraram que o perfil dermatoglífico das atletas de Voleibol feminino de alto rendimento difere significativamente do perfil da população não atleta. Recomendam-se novos estudos com populações de amostra maiores, com grupos étnicos variados, e pertencentes a diferentes competições e níveis competitivos do voleibol.
A Systems Perspective on the Environmental Prediction Enterprise
Authors: Waliser Duane E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur success with environmental prediction could be considered among humankind’s most remarkable developments over the past 50 years. It protects lives and property, and helps us advance the well-being of society. Vast changes have occurred recently to the complexity and scope of our weather enterprise. Given its importance to society, there is reason to optimize our approaches for advancing its scope and capabilities. This essay highlights three points that may help facilitate this optimization, with an overarching suggestion to more overtly embrace a systems (engineering) approach. 1) Continued emphasis should be placed on advancing Earth system science as the foundational knowledge that advances weather prediction as well as the more holistic scope of environmental prediction (EP). 2) The complexity and coupling of the social, programmatic, observation, modeling, analytic, and interdisciplinary landscapes within the EP enterprise suggest adding a system engineering perspective/approach to further optimize outcomes and limit vulnerabilities. 3) The consideration of the enterprise as a data to information flow problem highlights opportunities and focal points to leverage that could help to advance the societal benefits derived from the EP enterprise. A generalized, highly simplified systems perspective on the advancement of Earth science and environmental prediction is offered by framing a simple equation involving the synthesis of observations, models, and programmatics that in turn yield science and applications benefits. Simplifications and derivatives of this equation are used to distill challenges and opportunities for further advancing enterprise benefits and to motivate considerations of scope and priorities related to our community’s decadal survey(s).
Comments on the Recent Discussion Concerning the Article “Diathermal Heat Transport in a Global Ocean Model”
Authors: Viúdez Álvaro 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTA 2019 comment by Hochet and Tailleux and the corresponding reply by Holmes et al. discuss the volume and mass balance on a control volume bounded by a given isotherm and the ocean free surface. This note partly reconciles the terms of discrepancy on volume or mass transport appearing in these publications by proving that the integral expressions in the comment of Hochet and Tailleux, using a particular parameterization of the moving surfaces in Cartesian coordinates, correspond to the mass transport across the moving surfaces, as long as the mass density is included, as given in direct vector notation by Holmes et al. in their reply.
Genome Editing 2020: Ethics and Human Rights in Germline Editing in Humans and Gene Drives in Mosquitoes
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: July 2020

The moon landing, now more than a half century in the past, has turned out to be the culmination of human space travel, rather than its beginning. Genetic engineering, especially applications of CRISPR, now presents the most publicly-discussed engineering challenges—and not just technical, but ethical as well. In this article, I will use the two most controversial genomic engineering applications to help identify the ethics and human rights implications of these research projects. Each of these techniques directly modifies the mechanisms of evolution, threatens to alter our views of ourselves as humans and our planet as our home, and presents novel informed consent and dual use challenges: human genome editing and gene drives in insects.I begin with a discussion of so far disastrously unsuccessful attempts to regulate germline editing in humans, including a summary of the first application of germline genome editing in humans and its aftermath. I then turn to a discussion of setting ethical standards for a genomic technology that has not yet been deployed in nature—gene drives. Finally, I end by suggesting that human rights can and should be directly applicable to defining the ethics of genomic research.
Colchicine in Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: McKnight Ashley H. , Katzenberger Daniel R. , Britnell Sara R. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colchicine after acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data Sources: English-language searches were made of MEDLINE and EMBASE from database inception through mid-June 2020. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Randomized trials characterizing the effects of colchicine in ACS were considered. Of 627 title and abstracts identified, nine trials were included. Two reviewers extracted data and rated study quality. Data Synthesis: Four studies showed colchicine did not attenuate C-reactive protein production. Colchicine did modulate the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome in 3 studies and reduced production of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL5, and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 in 1 study. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were not significantly different at 30 days in 3 studies, administered as 1.8 mg preprocedurally or scheduled 1 mg daily. One study found a significant reduction in MACE with colchicine 0.5 mg daily over median 22.6 months (hazard ratio = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.61-0.96). Colchicine is associated with increased gastrointestinal adverse events but was generally well tolerated. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Colchicine is likely to reduce MACE in an ACS population if administered for greater than 30 days but does not improve MACE when administered only preprocedurally. Conclusions: Adjunctive colchicine 0.5 mg daily for greater than 30 days is reasonable for an ACS population on guideline-directed medical therapy treated with PCI. Additional studies are needed to validate and determine the durability of these benefits.
The prevalence of keratoconus in children with allergic eye disease in an Egyptian population
Authors: Ahmed Alyaa Saeed , El-Agha Mohamed-Sameh H , Khaled Mahmoud Osama , Shousha Shireen Mostafa 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) among children with ocular allergy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on all children presenting with ocular allergic disease from September 2017 to September 2018. All study participants were subjected to history taking (a specially designed questionnaire), routine ophthalmological examination, and corneal tomography. Results: A total of 79% of the study patients had vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) while the remaining had perennial allergic conjunctivitis (10%), seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (9%) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (2%). Manifest KC was seen in 7% of cases, suspect KC was found in 27% of cases, and 66% had no evidence of KC. For the manifest KC, 56% had clinical signs, while 44% were diagnosed by tomography. For the purpose of statistical analysis, the cohort was divided into group KC (manifest or suspicious KC) and group non-KC (no KC). The mean age was 11.2 years in group KC, and 9 years in group non-KC ( p < 0.001). The mean duration of allergic symptoms was 3.75 years in group KC, and 2.5 years in group non-KC ( p = 0.001). The mean duration of eye rubbing was 2.5 years in group KC, and 0.83 years in group non-KC ( p = 0.02). Systemic atopy was present in 35.3% of group KC, and in 12.5% in group non-KC ( p = 0.005). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of KC was 34%. Risk factors for the development of KC in patients with ocular allergy were age, duration of symptoms specially eye rubbing, systemic atopy and VKC. Tomographic diagnosis of KC can be present in absence of clinical signs.
Ionic mechanisms of ST segment elevation in electrocardiogram during acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Okada Jun-ichi , Fujiu Katsuhiko , Yoneda Kazunori , Iwamura Takashi , Washio Takumi , Komuro Issei , Hisada Toshiaki , Sugiura Seiryo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractST elevation on an electrocardiogram is a hallmark of acute transmural ischemia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that high ischemic sensitivities of epicardial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (IKATP) and sodium (INa) currents play key roles in the genesis of ST elevation. Using a multi-scale heart simulation under moderately ischemic conditions, transmural heterogeneities of IKATPand INa created a transmural gradient, opposite to that observed in subendocardial injury, leading to ST elevation. These heterogeneities also contributed to the genesis of hyper-acute T waves under mildly ischemic conditions. By contrast, under severely ischemic conditions, although action potentials were suppressed transmurally, the potential gradient at the boundary between the ischemic and normal regions caused ST elevation without a contribution from transmural heterogeneity. Thus, transmural heterogeneities of ion channel properties may contribute to the genesis of ST–T changes during mild or moderate transmural ischemia, while ST elevation may be induced without the contribution of heterogeneity under severe ischemic conditions.
Properties of Renshaw-like cells excited by recurrent collaterals of pudendal motoneurons in the cat
Authors: Muramatsu Ken , Niwa Masatoshi , Sasaki Sei-Ichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough anatomical studies have indicated pudendal motoneurons to give off recurrent collaterals, they are not considered to make synapses onto interneurons, such as Renshaw cells, and rather terminate their own signals. No study till date has examined interneurons being driven by recurrent collaterals of pudendal motoneurons. Here, we aimed to investigate the existence of Renshaw cells driven by pudendal motoneurons along with the recurrent inhibition of the latter. Extracellular recordings were obtained from the ventral horn of the sacral spinal cord of anesthetized cats. Dorsal roots were sectioned, and motor axons were electrically stimulated. Renshaw-like cells driven by recurrent collaterals, with high-frequency firings at short latency discharge, were observed around Onuf’s nucleus. However, the recurrent inhibitory post-synaptic potentials were not recorded by intracellular recordings from the pudendal motoneurons. In summary, we found Renshaw-like cells driven by pudendal motoneurons, but we could not identify the synaptic connection of these neurons.
Genetic legacy of cultures indigenous to the Northeast Asian coast in mitochondrial genomes of nearly extinct maritime tribes
Authors: Dryomov Stanislav V. , Starikovskaya Elena B. , Nazhmidenova Azhar M. , Morozov Igor V. , Sukernik Rem I. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
We have described the diversity of complete mtDNA sequences from ‘relic’ groups of the Russian Far East, primarily the Nivkhi (who speak a language isolate with no clear relatedness to any others) and Oroki of Sakhalin, as well as the sedentary Koryak from Kamchatka and the Udegey of Primorye. Previous studies have shown that most of their traditional territory was dramatically reshaped by the expansion of Tungusic-speaking groups.

Results
Overall, 285 complete mitochondrial sequences were selected for phylogenetic analyses of published, revised and new mitogenomes. To highlight the likely role of Neolithic expansions in shaping the phylogeographical landscape of the Russian Far East, we focus on the major East Eurasian maternal lineages (Y1a, G1b, D4m2, D4e5, M7a2, and N9b) that are restricted to the coastal area. To obtain more insight into autochthonous populations, we removed from the phylogeographic analysis the G2a, G3a2, M8a1, M9a1, and C4b1 lineages, also found within our samples, likely resulting from admixture between the expanding proto-Tungus and the indigenous Paleoasiatic groups with whom they assimilated. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that unlike the relatively diverse lineage spectrum observed in the Amur estuary and northwestern Sakhalin, the present-day subpopulation on the northeastern coast of the island is relatively homogenous: a sole Y1a sublineage, conspicuous for its nodal mutation at m.16189 T > C!, includes different haplotypes. Sharing of the Y1a-m.16189 T > C! sublineages and haplotypes among the Nivkhi, Ulchi and sedentary Koryak is also evident. Aside from Y1a, the entire tree approach expands our understanding of the evolutionary history of haplogroups G1, D4m, N9b, and M7a2. Specifically, we identified the novel haplogroup N9b1 in Primorye, which implies a link between a component of the Udegey ancestry and the Hokkaido Jomon.

Conclusions
Through a comprehensive dataset of mitochondrial genomes retained in autochthonous populations along the coast between Primorye and the Bering Strait, we considerably extended the sequence diversity of these populations to provide new features based on the number and timing of founding lineages. We emphasize the value of integrating genealogical information with genetic data for reconstructing the population history of indigenous groups dramatically impacted by twentieth century resettlement and social upheavals.
Adaptation of pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to β-pinene stress
Authors: Li Yongxia , Feng Yuqian , Wang Xuan , Cui Jing , Deng Xun , Zhang Xingyao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe pine wood nematode (PWN;Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) is the most damaging biological pest in pine forest ecosystems in China. However, the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Tracheid cavitation induced by excess metabolism of volatile terpenes is a typical characteristic of pine trees infected byB. xylophilus. β-pinene, one of the main volatile terpenes, influences PWN colonization and reproduction, stimulating pathogenicity during the early stages of infection. To elucidate the response mechanism of PWN to β-pinene, pathogenesis, mortality, and reproduction rate were investigated under different concentrations of β-pinene using a transcriptomics approach.ResultsA low concentration of β-pinene (BL, C < 25.74 mg/ml) inhibited PWN reproduction, whereas a high concentration (BH, C > 128.7 mg/ml) promoted reproduction. Comparison of PWN expression profiles under low (BL, 21.66 mg/ml) and high (BH, 214.5 mg/ml) β-pinene concentrations at 48 h identified 659 and 418 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, compared with controls. Some key DEGs are potential regulators of β-pinene via detoxification metabolism (cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and short-chain dehydrogenases), ion channel/transporter activity (unc and ATP-binding cassette families), and nuclear receptor -related genes. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed metabolic processes as the most significant biological processes, and catalytic activity as the most significant molecular function for both BL and BH samples. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology (KO) analysis showed that xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and transport and catabolism were the dominant terms in metabolism categories.ConclusionIn addition to detoxification via reduction/oxidation (redox) activity, PWN responds to β-pinene through amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and other pathways including growth regulation and epidermal protein changes to overcome β-pinene stress. This study lays a foundation for further exploring the pathogenic mechanism of PWN.
Phenotypic and genetic variation in phosphorus-deficiency-tolerance traits in Chinese wheat landraces
Authors: Lin Yu , Chen Guangdeng , Hu Haiyan , Yang Xilan , Zhang Zhengli , Jiang Xiaojun , Wu Fangkun , Shi Haoran , Wang Qing , Zhou Kunyu , Li Caixia , Ma Jian , Zheng Youliang , Wei Yuming , Liu Yaxi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPhosphorus deficiency is a major limiting factors for affecting crop production globally. To understand the genetic variation of phosphorus-deficiency-tolerance, a total of 15 seedling traits were evaluated among 707 Chinese wheat landraces under application of phosphorus (AP) and non-application of phosphorus (NP). A total of 18,594 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 38,678 diversity arrays technology sequencing markers were used to detect marker-trait associations under AP and NP.ResultsTop ten genotypes with extremely tolerance and bottommost ten genotypes with extremely sensitivity were selected from 707 Chinese wheat landraces for future breeding and genetic analysis. A total of 55 significant markers (81 marker-trait associations) for 13 traits by both CMLM and SUPER method. These were distributed on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 4B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B, 6D, 7A and 7B. Considering the linkage disequilibrium decay distance, 25 and 12 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected under AP and NP, respectively (9 QTL were specific to NP).ConclusionsThe extremely tolerant landraces could be used for breeding phosphorus-deficiency-tolerant cultivars. The QTL could be useful in wheat breeding through marker-assisted selection. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic analysis of P-deficiency-tolerance, and will be helpful for breeding P-deficiency-tolerant cultivars.
Identification of the vernalization gene VRN-B1 responsible for heading date variation by QTL mapping using a RIL population in wheat
Authors: Li Yuting , Xiong Hongchun , Guo Huijun , Zhou Chunyun , Xie Yongdun , Zhao Linshu , Gu Jiayu , Zhao Shirong , Ding Yuping , Liu Luxiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Heading time is one of the most important agronomic traits in wheat, as it largely affects both adaptation to different agro-ecological conditions and yield potential. Identification of genes underlying the regulation of wheat heading and the development of diagnostic markers could facilitate our understanding of genetic control of this process.

Results
In this study, we developed 400 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) by crossing a γ-ray-induced early heading mutant (eh1) with the late heading cultivar, Lunxuan987. Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) of both RNA and DNA pools consisting of various RILs detected a quantitative trait loci (QTL) for heading date located on chromosomes 5B, and further genetic linkage analysis limited the QTL to a 3.31 cM region. We then identified a large deletion in the first intron of the vernalization gene VRN-B1 in eh1, and showed it was associated with the heading phenotype in the RIL population. However, it is not the mutation loci that resulted in early heading phonotype in the mutant compared to that of wildtype. RNA-seq analysis suggested that Vrn-B3 and several newly discovered genes, including beta-amylase 1 (BMY1) and anther-specific protein (RTS), were highly expressed in both the mutant and early heading pool with the dominant Vrn-B1 genotype compared to that of Lunxuan987 and late heading pool. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified several key pathways previously reported to be associated with flowering, including fatty acid elongation, starch and sucrose metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis.

Conclusion
The development of new markers for Vrn-B1 in this study supplies an alternative solution for marker-assisted breeding to optimize heading time in wheat and the DEGs analysis provides basic information for VRN-B1 regulation study.