bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of astrovirus and bornavirus in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs clinically diagnosed with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology
Authors: Collinet Audrey , Garcia Gabriel , Wellehan Jim , Childress April , Carrera‐Justiz Sheila 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNon‐suppurative encephalitides in a variety of species, including humans and dogs, have been linked to infection by astroviruses and bornaviruses.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether or not ribonucleic acid of astroviruses or bornaviruses was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dogs with clinically diagnosed meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology (MUE).AnimalsTwenty‐five client‐owned dogs evaluated by CSF analysis at a single university referral hospital.MethodsProspective case‐control study. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from clinically diagnosed MUE and control cases and evaluated by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the presence of astrovirus and bornavirus.ResultsNeither astrovirus nor bornavirus nucleic acids were identified in CSF collected from 20 clinically diagnosed MUE and 5 control cases.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe negative results of this investigation suggest that astrovirus and bornavirus are not commonly detectable in CSF of dogs with MUE.
Beyond the self: The role of co‐regulation in medical students’ self‐regulated learning
Authors: Bransen Derk , Govaerts Marjan J. B. , Sluijsmans Dominique M. A. , Driessen Erik W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextMedical students are expected to self‐regulate their learning within complex and unpredictable clinical learning environments. Research increasingly focuses on the effects of social interactions on the development of self‐regulation in workplace settings, a notion embodied within the concept of co‐regulated learning (CRL). Creating workplace learning environments that effectively foster lifelong self‐regulated learning (SRL) requires a deeper understanding of the relationship between CRL and SRL. The aim of this study was therefore to explore medical students’ perceptions of CRL in clinical clerkships and its perceived impact on the development of their SRL.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 11 purposively sampled medical students enrolled in clinical clerkships at one undergraduate competency‐based medical school. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively, informed by principles of constructivist grounded theory. Data analysis followed stages of open, axial and selective coding, which enabled us to conceptualise how co‐regulation influences the development of students’ self‐regulation.ResultsData revealed three interrelated shifts in CRL and SRL as students progressed through clerkships. First, students’ CRL shifted from a focus on peers to co‐regulation with clinician role models. Second, self‐regulated behaviour shifted from being externally driven to being internally driven. Last, self‐regulation shifted from a task‐oriented approach towards a more comprehensive approach focusing on professional competence and identity formation. Students indicated that if they felt able to confidently and proactively self‐regulate their learning, the threshold for engaging others in meaningful CRL seemed to be lowered, enhancing further development of SRL skills.ConclusionsFindings from the current study emphasise the notion that SRL and its development are grounded in CRL in clinical settings. To optimally support the development of students’ SRL, we need to focus on facilitating and organising learners’ engagement in CRL from the start of the medical curriculum.
Delayed post‐hypoxic leukoencephalopathy with a peculiar autoantibody association
Authors: Coppola Cinzia , Oliva Mariano , Saracino Dario , Cipriano Lorenzo , Capaldo Guglielmo , Puoti Gianfranco , Fratta Mario , Ugga Lorenzo , D'Amico Alessandra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDelayed post‐hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHLE) is a rare demyelinating syndrome that follows an episode of prolonged cerebral hypoxia after a relatively lucid intervening period of variable length. Although the pathophysiology still remains obscure, it has been suggested that hypoxic‐metabolic injuries to oligodendrocytes may play a crucial role. We describe the case of a patient with chronic respiratory problems who fell into a coma during morphine therapy. After a brief period of successful recovery, neurocognitive and behavioral disorders suddenly appeared and a diagnosis of DPHLE was made also taking into account the MRI picture. The antioxidant therapy has probably facilitated the almost complete neurological recovery within 4 weeks. A peculiar finding was the presence of anti‐CV2/CRMP5 antibodies in serum, which may stand as potential factors implicated in oligodendrocytes damage.
New treatments for obstructive sleep apnea in children
Authors: Jones Oguh Sheri , Elden Lisa , Swanson Jordan , Tapia Ignacio , Subramanyam Rajeev 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has a prevalence of up to 5% in children and 50% in obese children. OSA is associated with various comorbidities in the general population and in the perioperative period. In this review, we will provide background of OSA and insights into the available treatment options both surgically and medically. Unlike adults, most pediatric OSA is treated with adenotonsillectomy. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is the commonly used medical treatment. Management of pediatric OSA is multidisciplinary. We will discuss the surgical options and medical options of managing pediatric OSA.
Virtual reality during pediatric vascular access: A pragmatic, prospective randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Caruso Thomas J. , George Alexandria , Menendez Maria , De Souza Elizabeth , Khoury Michael , Kist Madison N. , Rodriguez Samuel T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundVascular access is a minor procedure that is associated with reported pain and fear in pediatric patients, often resulting in procedural incompliance. Virtual reality has been shown to be effective in adult populations for reducing pain and anxiety in various medical settings, although large studies are lacking in pediatrics.AimsThe primary aim was to determine whether pain would be reduced in pediatric patients using virtual reality undergoing vascular access. The four secondary aims measured patient fear, procedural compliance, satisfaction, and adverse events.MethodsA prospective, randomized, controlled trial was completed at a pediatric hospital, enrolling children 7‐18 years old undergoing vascular access in a variety of clinical settings, randomized to virtual reality or standard of care. Pain scores were measured using a numeric pain faces scale. The secondary outcomes of patient fear, procedural compliance, satisfaction, and adverse events were measured with the Child Fear Scale, modified Induction Compliance Checklist, and satisfaction surveys, respectively. Chi‐squared, t tests, and regression models were used to analyze the results.ResultsThe analysis included 106 patients in the virtual reality group and 114 in the control. There were no significant differences in postprocedure pain (VR group estimated 0.11 points lower, 95% confidence interval: 0.50 points lower to 0.28 points greater, P = .59), postprocedure fear (VR group estimated 0.05 points lower, 95% confidence interval: 0.23 points lower to 0.13 points greater), or compliance (adjusted odds ratio 2.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.96‐5.56). Children in the virtual reality group were satisfied with the intervention. There were no adverse events.ConclusionThis study demonstrates no reduction in pain while using Virtual reality (VR) across a heterogeneous pediatric inpatient population undergoing vascular access.
Polyphasic phenotypic and genetic analysis reveals clonal nature of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae causing pomegranate bacterial blight
Authors: Kumar A. , Sharma J. , Munjal V. , Sakthivel K. , Thalor S. K. , Mondal K. K. , Chinchure S. , Gharate R. 
Published: December 2019

Yellow‐pigmented bacteria isolated from blight‐affected pomegranate leaves and fruit across seven Indian states in epidemics during the years 2008–2016 were characterized and identified using phenotypic and genotypic tools. All bacterial isolates shared phenotypic traits such as colony morphology, NaCl and pH sensitivity and fuscan production, and caused typical lesions on pomegranate plants upon artificial inoculation. Analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer sequences confirmed their identity as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae. The new isolates collected after 2000 were compared with an old isolate from the 1950s using polyphasic taxonomic approaches including multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). Nucleotide polymorphism in 24 isolates for nine genomic loci (dnaK, fyuA, gyrB (Young), gyrB (Almeida), rpoD, fusA, gapA, gltA and lepA) showed minor variations in loci fyuA and gyrB. Isolates were grouped into four nearly identical sequence types, ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST4, based on their allelic profiles, ST3 being widespread in Indian states. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of concatenated 5690 bp with other Xanthomonas pathovars revealed its close genetic similarity with the X. citri group. The blight outbreak in diverse geographical locations is attributed to a re‐emerged clonal population of X. axonopodis pv. punicae on a genetically homogenous pomegranate cultivar. The latently infected vegetative planting material of elite pomegranate cultivars contributed to the dissemination of the bacterial inoculum. This study highlights and forewarns of the role played by the clonally propagated elite pomegranate cultivars in disseminating and sustaining clonal populations of this bacterial plant pathogen in many Indian states.
Experiences of interpersonal interaction among patients with chronic schizophrenia: A phenomenological study
Authors: Chen Shan‐Hua , Huang Xuan‐Yi , Cheng Jui‐Fen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the subjective interpersonal interaction experiences of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Design and MethodsDescriptive phenomenological, purposive sampling, in‐depth one‐to‐one, and unstructured interviews were used. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze narratives.FindingsThree themes and six subthemes were emerged: Feelings associated with interpersonal interactions (pleasant and unpleasant feelings experienced during interpersonal interactions); interpersonal interaction is a dynamic process (Positive and negative dynamic processes); selection of interaction targets (limitations in the selection of interaction targets and selection criteria for interaction targets).Practice ImplicationsProfessionals should understand the interpersonal interactions experiences of patients with schizophrenia to help them have a better interpersonal relationship.
Ageing in the Changing Countryside: The Experience of Rural Czechs
Authors: Galčanová Lucie , Staveník Adam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGerontological research has extensively focused on the experiences of people ageing within changing social contexts. However, accounts from the context of the European post‐socialist transformation are missing. In addition, there is a lack of theoretical understanding concerning how older people experience ageing as part of the dynamic process of rural change. In this article, we present the perspectives of older Czech rural residents on living and ageing in the changing countryside. Based on 20 qualitative interviews with older adults, we show how they interpret contemporary changes in three major areas: politics and economy, infrastructure and technology, and local population and community life. Embedded in a constructionist approach, we aim to understand how their interpretations of current changes are related to their views on the past, to their self‐positioning within current and past changes and their sense of local and social belonging. We introduce the concept of biographical contextualisation, which grasps the temporal horizon of meaning‐making with regard to contemporary changes in rural life.
Addition of organic and inorganic amendments to regenerate the surface structure of silty soils
Authors: Gabioud Emmanuel A. , Sasal María C. , Wilson Marcelo G. , Seehaus Mariela S. , Van Opstal Natalia V. , Beghetto Stella M. , Wingeyer Ana B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe widespread degradation of the structure of silty soils under no‐till systems (NT) that has been observed in recent years is characterized by the presence of a Platy structure (P) near the soil surface. Under these conditions, addition of organic and inorganic amendments could have beneficial effects on soil physical properties. We assessed structural regeneration following addition of amendments in an Argiudoll of Paraná, Argentina. Poultry litter (PL) and gypsum (G) were applied, providing an organic and inorganic amendment, respectively. Four treatments were tested: PL (7.5 Mg ha−1), G (3 Mg ha−1), the combination of PL+G (7.5 + 3 Mg ha−1), and control (T) with no amendment. Description and quantification of the structural state of the soil profile was made using a Visual Soil Evaluation method: “Le profil cultural”. Aggregate stability, bulk density, total porosity, pore size distribution and soil shear strength for each soil structure and soil organic carbon (SOC) were determined at two depths. Twenty months after the amendment applications, both PL and PL+G treatments led to a significant increase of SOC in the upper 5 cm of soil. The proportion of Gamma (Γ) structure increased and P declined under PL and PL+G compared with G and T inn the A horizon. Treatments G and PL+G contributed to an increase in average diameter of aggregates in Γ only. The use of PL amendment alone or in combination with G could be a promising strategy to regenerate, in the short term, the degraded soil structure under NT.
Linear Finite Element Modeling of Joined Structures With Riveted Connections
Authors: Kim J. S. , Xu Y. F. , Zhu W. D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Riveted connections are widely used to join basic components, such as beams and panels, for engineering structures. However, accurately modeling joined structures with riveted connections can be a challenging task. In this work, an accurate linear finite element (FE) modeling method is proposed for joined structures with riveted connections to estimate modal parameters in a predictive manner. The proposed FE modeling method consists of two steps. The first step is to develop nonlinear FE models that simulate riveting processes of solid rivets. The second step is to develop a linear FE model of a joined structure with the riveted connections simulated in the first step. The riveted connections are modeled using solid cylinders with dimensions and material properties obtained from the nonlinear FE models in the first step. An experimental investigation was conducted to study accuracy of the proposed linear FE modeling method. A joined structure with six riveted connections was prepared and tested. A linearity investigation was conducted to validate that the test structure could be considered to be linear. A linear FE model of the test structure was constructed using the proposed method. Natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes of the test structure were measured and compared with those from the linear FE model. The maximum difference of the natural frequencies was 1.63% for the first 23 out-of-plane elastic modes, and modal assurance criterion values for the corresponding mode shapes were all over 95%, which indicates high accuracy of the proposed linear FE modeling method.
Design and Analysis of a High-Static-Low-Dynamic Stiffness Isolator Using the Cam-Roller-Spring Mechanism
Authors: Yao Yuhui , Wang Xiaojian , Li Hongguang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a new design of a high-static-low-dynamic stiffness (HSLDS) isolator with an adjustable cam profile. The interaction force between the cam and roller provides the negative stiffness force and the linear spring provides the positive stiffness force in the HSLDS isolator. Unlike previous studies, the cam profile in this paper can be individually designed to meet different working conditions. Firstly, the harmonic balance method is used to acquire the dynamic response of the HSLDS isolator. Then, the effects of the damping ratio, stiffness ratio, and external force amplitude on the frequency response amplitude and force transmissibility are discussed. Finally, the frequency responses of four designed nonlinear HSLDS isolators and a linear isolator are acquired by the numerical method. The results show that the nonlinear isolator begins to achieve vibration isolation at 0.11 Hz and the linear one is 8.9 Hz. The proposed HSLDS isolator realizes lower vibration isolation frequency than the linear isolator.
The Phenomenon of Unidirectional Circulating Flow in an Oscillating Heat Pipe
Authors: Yu Chunrong , Ji Yulong , Chu Lilin , Wang Zongyu , Li Yadong , Ma Hongbin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The phenomena of two different types of unidirectional circulating flow pattern in a copper oscillating heat pipe (OHP) were firstly discovered and investigated. The OHP has six turns and three sections: evaporator, condenser and adiabatic sections with lengths of 40 mm, 64 mm, and 51 mm, respectively. R152a was used as the working fluid, the effects of the tilt angle from 0° to 90° and the heat input on the flow and heat transfer of the working fluid in OHP was studied. The experimental results showed that (1) the OHP charged with R152a can form a unidirectional circulating flow at any tilt angle under certain heat input, and the unidirectional circulating flow become steady as the heat input increases; (2) another type of circulating flow was found in the same OHP as the heat input increased to a relative high level, the difference between the two types of circulating flow is that the liquid slugs move forward with or without back forward oscillating movement; (3) the unidirectional circulating flow of the working fluid without back forward oscillating movement in the OHP significantly enhance the heat transfer of OHP.
Optimization of Flow and Heat Transfer for a New Double-Layered Microchannel Heat Sink
Authors: Liu Huanling , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new type of DL-MCHS to improve the substrate temperature uniformity of the microchannel heat sink, and conduct the optimization of the New DL-MCHS. The heat transfer and friction characteristics of the novel DL-MCHS are studied by numerical simulation. We compare the heat transfer performance the new DL-MCHS with the traditional TDL-MCHS (the DL-MCHS with truncated top channels λ = 0.38). The results prove the effectiveness of the improved design by FLUENT simulation. When the inlet velocity is kept constant and coolant is water, the heat transfer performance of the New DL-MCHS is higher than that of TDL-MCHS leading to an increase of the temperature uniformity. In order to achieving the best overall heat transfer performance, an optimization of New DL-MCHS is performed by GA (genetic algorithm).
Theoretical Model of Bubble Growth in Superheated Ethanol-Water Mixture
Authors: Cai Chang , Liu Hong , Xi Xi , Jia Ming , Zhang Weilong , He Yang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A novel model was developed to investigate the bubble growth characteristics in uniformly superheated ethanol-water (EtOH-H2O) mixture. The influence of the mass fraction of ethanol was discussed in detail. In the proposed model, the energy equation and the component diffusion equation for the liquid were respectively coupled with quadratic temperature and mass fraction distribution within the thermal and concentration boundary layers. The non-random two-liquid equation (NRTL) was adopted to obtain the vapor-liquid equilibrium of the binary mixture at the bubble surface. The comparison between the current calculated bubble radius with the available experimental data demonstrates the accuracy of the bubble growth model. The maximum mass diffusion limited growth rate was also proposed to quantify and illustrate the effect of mass diffusion on bubble growth. The results showed that the later stage of bubble growth in a binary mixture is controlled by both mass diffusion and heat transfer. The bubble growth characteristics strongly depend on the initial mass fraction of ethanol. Within a large concentration range, a higher content of ethanol is adverse to bubble growth at a constant superheat degree. The effect of mass diffusion on bubble growth becomes weaker with an increased initial mass fraction of ethanol.
Control Characteristics of Mass Diffusion in a Meta-Material Based on Transformation Coordinate Method
Authors: Zhang Hao-Chun , Li Yi-Yi , Ma Zhuang , Zou Quan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mass transfer is a ubiquitous transfer phenomenon, efficient means of mass flux regulation are of great significance to various fields. Recently, because of superior physical properties, meta-materials have been widely concerned, and the research on flux regulation using meta-materials has been rapidly developed. However, the relevant research in the field of mass transfer has progressed much more slowly than expected. In this work, the characteristic regulation of gas diffusion in meta-material functional region was investigated. Through coordinate transformation, Fick diffusion equation and gas diffusivity were derived mathematically. Different kinds of homogeneous isotropic materials are alternately compounded based on equivalent medium theory to form meta-material functional region, which realize the characteristic regulation of oxygen, nitrogen and their mixtures. In addition, the simulation results are in agreement with the derived formulas mutually verified and quantitative analysis of geometric factors affecting gas regulation process is carried out.
Evidence-based practice: What do undergraduate health students think it means?
Authors: Murphy Kylie Ann , Guisard Yann , Curtin Michael , Biles Jessica , Thomas Catherine , Parnell Tracey 
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a client-centred, collaborative process of enquiry, evidence gathering and critical reasoning to facilitate defensible healthcare decisions. Developing EBP competence in health students starts with ensuring that they understand what EBP means. This study explored the meanings undergraduate health students ascribe to EBP and investigated whether their understandings differ based on year level or discipline. Methods: An online survey of undergraduate students in 20 health degree courses included the open-ended question “What does EBP mean to you?” Druckman’s (2005) method of content analysis, using both etic and emic categories, was used to analyse the students’ responses. Results: Only 377 (two thirds) of the 584 students who submitted the survey provided an answer to the question; approximately half of those in their first year and three quarters of those in their final year answered the question. Most responses demonstrated a very limited understanding of the meaning of EBP. Differences in EBP conceptualisations based on year level and discipline were negligible. Conclusions: Across the sample subgroups, the majority of students in this study demonstrated a narrow understanding of EBP, largely devoid of the processes or principles that EBP scholars espouse. For EBP to achieve its full potential, undergraduate health students may require frequent and explicit exposure to all five steps of the EBP process. If new graduates do not understand EBP to be a contextualised, collaborative process, there is a risk that the potential value of EBP will continue to be compromised.