bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagosome formation in relation to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Yamamoto Yo-hei , Noda Takeshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutophagy is a process in which a myriad membrane structures called autophagosomes are formed de novo in a single cell, which deliver the engulfed substrates into lysosomes for degradation. The size of the autophagosomes is relatively uniform in non-selective autophagy and variable in selective autophagy. It has been recently established that autophagosome formation occurs near the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In this review, we have discussed recent advances in the relationship between autophagosome formation and endoplasmic reticulum. Autophagosome formation occurs near the ER subdomain enriched with phospholipid synthesizing enzymes like phosphatidylinositol synthase (PIS)/CDP-diacylglycerol-inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase (CDIPT) and choline/ethanolamine phosphotransferase 1 (CEPT1). Autophagy-related protein 2 (Atg2), which is involved in autophagosome formation has a lipid transfer capacity and is proposed to directly transfer the lipid molecules from the ER to form autophagosomes. Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) and transmembrane protein 41b (TMEM41b) are ER membrane proteins that are associated with the formation of the subdomain. Recently, we have reported that an uncharacterized ER membrane protein possessing the DNAJ domain, called ERdj8/DNAJC16, is associated with the regulation of the size of autophagosomes. The localization of ERdj8/DNAJC16 partially overlaps with the PIS-enriched ER subdomain, thereby implying its association with autophagosome size determination.
Whether stoma support rods have application value in loop enterostomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Du Rui , Zhou Jiajie , Wang Feng , Li Dongliang , Tong Guifan , Ding Xu , Wang Wei , Wang Daorong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis is to analyze the application value of the stoma support rods in loop enterostomy.MethodsThe studies on the application of stoma rods in loop enterostomy published from January 2000 to January 2020 were searched in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Clinical trials. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that observed the value of stoma rods were included according to inclusion criteria. The RevMan5.3 software was used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 1131 patients with loop enterostomy in six studies were included in this study; there were 569 cases in the experimental group and 562 cases in the control group. All six studies analyzed the effect of support rods on the incidence of stoma retraction; the meta-analysis showed that in a total of 32 patients, stoma retraction occurred, with a total incidence of about 2.8% in 1131 patients. The incidence of stoma retraction in the rod group was not significantly lower than that in the non-rod group, and the difference was not statistically significant (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.32~1.32,I2= 0%,P= 0.23), and the studies were homogeneous. The incidences of stoma necrosis (OR = 6.41, 95% CI 2.22~18.55,I2= 0%,P= 0.0006), peristomal dermatitis (OR = 2.93, 95% CI 2.01~4.27,I2= 0%,P< 0.00001), and mucocutaneous separation (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.03~4.47,I2= 0%,P= 0.04) were significantly increased in the rod group.ConclusionsIt is not recommended to routinely use stoma support rods in the clinical practice.
Circulating growth factor concentrations and breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and breast cancer in a family-based cohort
Authors: Monson Kelsey R. , Goldberg Mandy , Wu Hui-Chen , Santella Regina M. , Chung Wendy K. , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) are associated with breast cancer in women at average risk of cancer. Less is known whether these biomarkers also predict risk in women with breast cancer family history.

Methods
We conducted a nested case-control study within the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry (BCFR, n = 80 cases, 156 controls), a cohort enriched for breast cancer family history. Using conditional logistic regression, we estimated the association between IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels and breast cancer risk and examined whether this risk differed by predicted absolute breast cancer risk based on pedigree models.

Results
The overall association between IGF-1 or IGFBP-3 elevation (≥ median in controls) and breast cancer risk was elevated, but not statistically significant (IGF-1 OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.66–2.85; IGFBP-3 OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 0.81–3.24). Women with elevated predicted absolute 10-year risk ≥ 3.4% and elevated IGFBP-3 (≥ median) had more than a 3-fold increased risk compared to women with lower predicted absolute 10-year risk (< 3.4%) and low IGFBP-3 (OR = 3.47 95% CI = 1.04–11.6).

Conclusions
These data offer some support that the overall magnitude of the associations between IGF-1 and IGFBP3 seen in average risk cohorts may be similar in women enriched with a strong breast cancer family history.
Predictions of the geomagnetic secular variation based on the ensemble sequential assimilation of geomagnetic field models by dynamo simulations
Authors: Sanchez Sabrina , Wicht Johannes , Bärenzung Julien 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe IGRF offers an important incentive for testing algorithms predicting the Earth’s magnetic field changes, known as secular variation (SV), in a 5-year range. Here, we present a SV candidate model for the 13th IGRF that stems from a sequential ensemble data assimilation approach (EnKF). The ensemble consists of a number of parallel-running 3D-dynamo simulations. The assimilated data are geomagnetic field snapshots covering the years 1840 to 2000 from the COV-OBS.x1 model and for 2001 to 2020 from the Kalmag model. A spectral covariance localization method, considering the couplings between spherical harmonics of the same equatorial symmetry and same azimuthal wave number, allows decreasing the ensemble size to about a 100 while maintaining the stability of the assimilation. The quality of 5-year predictions is tested for the past two decades. These tests show that the assimilation scheme is able to reconstruct the overall SV evolution. They also suggest that a better 5-year forecast is obtained keeping the SV constant compared to the dynamically evolving SV. However, the quality of the dynamical forecast steadily improves over the full assimilation window (180 years). We therefore propose the instantaneous SV estimate for 2020 from our assimilation as a candidate model for the IGRF-13. The ensemble approach provides uncertainty estimates, which closely match the residual differences with respect to the IGRF-13. Longer term predictions for the evolution of the main magnetic field features over a 50-year range are also presented. We observe the further decrease of the axial dipole at a mean rate of 8 nT/year as well as a deepening and broadening of the South Atlantic Anomaly. The magnetic dip poles are seen to approach an eccentric dipole configuration.
Effect of temperature and surfactant on biomass growth and higher-alcohol production during syngas fermentation by Clostridium carboxidivorans P7
Authors: Shen Shaohuang , Wang Guan , Zhang Ming , Tang Yin , Gu Yang , Jiang Weihong , Wang Yonghong , Zhuang Yingping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHexanol–butanol–ethanol fermentation from syngas by Clostridium carboxidivorans P7 is a promising route for biofuel production. However, bacterial agglomeration in the culture of 37 °C severely hampers the accumulation of biomass and products. To investigate the effect of culture temperature on biomass growth and higher-alcohol production, C. carboxidivorans P7 was cultivated at both constant and two-step temperatures in the range from 25 to 37 °C. Meanwhile, Tween-80 and saponin were screened out from eight surfactants to alleviate agglomeration at 37 °C. The results showed that enhanced higher-alcohol production was contributed mainly by the application of two-step temperature culture rather than the addition of anti-agglomeration surfactants. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome revealed that although 37 °C promoted high expression of genes involved in the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, genes encoding enzymes catalyzing acyl-condensation reactions associated with higher-alcohol production were highly expressed at 25 °C. This study gained greater insight into temperature-effect mechanism on syngas fermentation by C. carboxidivorans P7.
Telemonitoring Parkinson’s disease using machine learning by combining tremor and voice analysis
Authors: Sajal Md. Sakibur Rahman , Ehsan Md. Tanvir , Vaidyanathan Ravi , Wang Shouyan , Aziz Tipu , Mamun Khondaker Abdullah Al 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
With the growing number of the aged population, the number of Parkinson’s disease (PD) affected people is also mounting. Unfortunately, due to insufficient resources and awareness in underdeveloped countries, proper and timely PD detection is highly challenged. Besides, all PD patients’ symptoms are neither the same nor they all become pronounced at the same stage of the illness. Therefore, this work aims to combine more than one symptom (rest tremor and voice degradation) by collecting data remotely using smartphones and detect PD with the help of a cloud-based machine learning system for telemonitoring the PD patients in the developing countries.

Method
This proposed system receives rest tremor and vowel phonation data acquired by smartphones with built-in accelerometer and voice recorder sensors. The data are primarily collected from diagnosed PD patients and healthy people for building and optimizing machine learning models that exhibit higher performance. After that, data from newly suspected PD patients are collected, and the trained algorithms are evaluated to detect PD. Based on the majority-vote from those algorithms, PD-detected patients are connected with a nearby neurologist for consultation. Upon receiving patients’ feedback after being diagnosed by the neurologist, the system may update the model by retraining using the latest data. Also, the system requests the detected patients periodically to upload new data to track their disease progress.

Result
The highest accuracy in PD detection using offline data was $$98.3\%$$

98.3
%

from voice data and $$98.5\%$$

98.5
%

from tremor data when used separately. In both cases, k-nearest neighbors (kNN) gave the highest accuracy over support vector machine (SVM) and naive Bayes (NB). The application of maximum relevance minimum redundancy (MRMR) feature selection method showed that by selecting different feature sets based on the patient’s gender, we could improve the detection accuracy. This study’s novelty is the application of ensemble averaging on the combined decisions generated from the analysis of voice and tremor data. The average accuracy of PD detection becomes $$99.8\%$$

99.8
%

when ensemble averaging was performed on majority-vote from kNN, SVM, and NB.

Conclusion
The proposed system can detect PD using a cloud-based system for computation, data preserving, and regular monitoring of voice and tremor samples captured by smartphones. Thus, this system can be a solution for healthcare authorities to ensure the older population’s accessibility to a better medical diagnosis system in the developing countries, especially in the pandemic situation like COVID-19, when in-person monitoring is minimal.
Do political relations affect international trade? Evidence from China’s twelve trading partners
Authors: Whitten Gregory , Dai Xiaoyi , Fan Simon , Pang Yu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChina’s growing influence on the world has generated profound effects on the political and economic decisions of her partner nations. Recent conflict escalation between China and western countries gives rise to widespread concern over the possibility of delinking China from global trade and supply chain. By drawing on utility theory, we suggest that the political relationship is a key determinant of collective emotions of consumers and trading companies and consequently the interactions between importers and exporters. We hypothesize that warmer relations lead to larger increases (or smaller decreases) in trade while cooler relations have the opposite effect. Based on monthly data of China and her twelve trading partners from 1981 to 2019, our study provides an empirical investigation into the association between political relationship and bilateral trade flows. Our results show that shocks to relations are highly persistent and frequently cause changes in trade. However, relations themselves are little influenced by changes in trade, changes that show little persistence. We also address the US-China trade war and the observation that innovations to China’s exports to the US improve China’s relations with the US while shocks to American exports to China worsen relations from China’s perspective.
Ultra-high-field 7-T MRI in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases: from pathology to clinical practice
Authors: Bruschi Nicolo’ , Boffa Giacomo , Inglese Matilde 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), for investigating the disease pathophysiology, and for discriminating MS from other neurological diseases. Ultra-high-field strength (7-T) MRI provides a new tool for studying MS and other demyelinating diseases both in research and in clinical settings. We present an overview of 7-T MRI application in MS focusing on increased sensitivity and specificity for lesion detection and characterisation in the brain and spinal cord, central vein sign identification, and leptomeningeal enhancement detection. We also discuss the role of 7-T MRI in improving our understanding of MS pathophysiology with the aid of metabolic imaging. In addition, we present 7-T MRI applications in other demyelinating diseases. 7-T MRI allows better detection of the anatomical, pathological, and functional features of MS, thus improving our understanding of MS pathology in vivo. 7-T MRI also represents a potential tool for earlier and more accurate diagnosis.
Expression of miR-146a and miR-155 in Egyptian patients with Behçet’s disease: clinical significance and relationship with disease activity
Authors: El Khateeb Engy , Nassef Ayatallah , Gheith Rasha , Erfan Aya , Abdelfattah Walaa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis disorder with multifactorial immunopathogenesis and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. MiR-146 and miR-155 are known key regulators of immune response. This study was conducted to determine the expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 in patients with BD and to link their possible association with the clinical manifestations and activity of this disease to evaluate their role as diagnostic or prognostic markers. A total of 60 patients with BD and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were examined in a case-control study from October 2017 to September 2018 for the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 using singleplexTaqMan two-step stem loop quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results
Patients with BD had significantly lower miR-146a levels than control subjects (P < 0.001). Regarding the miR-155 expression level, no statistically significant differences were detected between patients and healthy controls (P = 0.736). The expression level of miR-146a showed no significant association with the different clinical manifestations of patients with BD.

Conclusion
This study suggests the possibility that miR-146a expression in patients with BD is involved in the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, it can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for BD in the future.
A prospective study in hepatitis C virus treatment-naïve patients showing rheumatologic extra-hepatic manifestations of hepatitis C with associated risk factors: efficacy and safety using sofosbuvir-based direct antiviral therapy
Authors: Fathi Hanan M. , Abdel Wahed Wafaa Y. , Gomaa Ahmad A. , Hassan Essam A. , Eid Hanaa M. , Reheem Fadwa Abdel , Senara Soha H. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
To study the most common rheumatologic manifestations of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection in Egyptian patients and associated risk factors with assessment the effect of current therapies on these manifestations. A prospective study was carried out to HCV patients attending the tropical medicine department referred to rheumatology department, over a year. A total of 204 hepatitis C virus treatment-naïve patients aged 21–71 years old suffering from rheumatologic manifestations were recruited, and history taking, general and musculoskeletal examination, laboratory and serological investigations, imaging, and liver fibrosis findings were assessed: baseline, end of treatment, and 12 weeks later, either sofosbuvir/ribavirin or sofosbuvir/simeprevir regimens and through three consecutive visits: joint activity and functional scores were taken.

Results
Common observed rheumatologic manifestations were fibromyalgia (74.5%), arthralgia (73.5%), Raynaud’s phenomenon (54.9%), peripheral neuropathy (29.4%),chronic fatigue syndrome and purpura (24.5%), arthritis (16.7%), Sicca symptoms and skin ulcers (9.8%), and vasculitic CNS involvement (5.9%), mostly seen in females. VAS and FAS scales have improved across visits (p value < 0.001) with lowered number and percentage of arthralgia (tender joint counts), arthritis (swollen joint counts), improvement of fibromyalgia, purpura, peripheral neuropathy, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (p < 0.001). Common reported risk factors were barber shaving (52 %), dental procedures (44.1%), and surgical interventions (36.3%). Non-reactive cases shown by HCV-PCR response increased at the end of study reaching 62%. The percent of improvement was significantly higher in patients receiving sofosbuvir/simeprevir regimen (100%) versus sofosbuvir/ribavirin (58.2%).

Conclusion
Direct antiviral drugs seem to improve the rheumatic extra-hepatic manifestations of HCV patients and lowering viremia level especially sofosbuvir/simeprevir regimen in hepatitis C treatment-naïve patients.
Impact of Dependent Coverage Provision of the Affordable Care Act on Insurance Continuity for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Winestone Lena E. , Hochman Lauren L. , Sharpe James E. , Alvarez Elysia , Becker Laura , Chow Eric J. , Reiter Joseph G. , Ginsberg Jill P. , Silber Jeffrey H. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE: The 2010 Dependent Coverage Provision (DCP) of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed enrollees to remain on their parents' health insurance until 26 years of age. We compared rates of insurance disenrollment among patients with cancer who were DCP-eligible at age 19 to those who were not eligible at age 19. METHODS: Using OptumLabs Data Warehouse, which contains longitudinal, real-world, de-identified administrative claims for commercial enrollees, we examined patients born between 1982 and 1993 and diagnosed with cancer between 2000 and 2015. In the recent cohort, patients who turned 19 in 2010-2012 (DCP-eligible to stay on parents’ insurance) were matched to patients who turned 19 in 2007-2009 (not DCP-eligible when turning 19). In an earlier control cohort, patients who turned 19 between 2004 and 2006 (not DCP-eligible) were matched to patients who turned 19 between 2001 and 2003 (not DCP-eligible). Patients were matched on cancer type, diagnosis date, demographics, and treatment characteristics. The time to loss of coverage was estimated using Cox models. Difference-in-difference between the recent and earlier cohorts was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 2,829 patients who turned 19 years of age in 2010-2012 were matched to patients who turned 19 in 2007-2009. Median time to disenrollment was 26 months for younger patients versus 22 months for older patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.90; P = .001). In 8,978 patients who turned 19 between 2001 and 2006, median time to disenrollment was 20 months among both younger and older patients (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94 to 1.03; P = .59). The difference between the recent cohort and the earlier control cohort was a 15% greater reduction in coverage loss ( P < .0001), favoring those turning 19 after the DCP went into effect. CONCLUSION: In the vulnerable population of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, the ACA may have lowered the insurance dropout rate.
Dimethandrolone Undecanoate, a Novel, Nonaromatizable Androgen, Increases P1NP in Healthy Men Over 28 Days
Authors: Thirumalai Arthi , Yuen Fiona , Amory John K , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Swerdloff Ronald S , Liu Peter Y , Long Jill E , Blithe Diana L , Wang Christina , Page Stephanie T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Context
Dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) is being developed as a male contraceptive. Daily oral administration of DMAU, a potent androgen that is not aromatized, markedly suppresses serum testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in healthy men. E2 deficiency can increase bone resorption in men.

Objective
This work aimed to assess changes in bone turnover markers with DMAU administration in a 28-day study.

Design
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted.

Setting
This study took place at 2 academic medical centers.

Participants
Healthy men, age 18 to50 years (n = 81), participated.

Intervention
Men received 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg of oral DMAU for 28 days. Serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX; bone resorption marker) and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP; bone formation marker) were measured on days 1 and 28.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in bone turnover markers and serum hormones over the treatment period were measured.

Results
On day 28, median serum T and E2 were markedly suppressed in all treatment groups vs placebo (P &lt; .001 for both). Percentage change (%) in serum P1NP significantly differed across treatment groups (P = .007): Serum P1NP significantly increased in the 200 mg (5%, interquartile range [IQR] –7% to 27%) and 400 mg (22%, IQR –1% to 40%) groups relative to placebo (–8%, IQR –20% to 0%). Change (%) in serum CTX did not differ between groups (P = .09).

Conclusions
DMAU administration for 28 days to healthy men leads to marked suppression of serum T and E2, yet increases P1NP, a serum marker of bone formation. Longer-term studies of the potent androgen DMAU are warranted to determine its impact on bone health in men.