bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Rhamnolipid Concentration and Productivity Achieved with Advanced Process Design
Authors: Invally Krutika , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRhamnolipids are biosurfactants having several applications. A major limitation in rhamnolipid production is low productivity, which decreases significantly during stationary‐phase production. In this study, fermentations were first made with nitrogen‐limited stationary phase. Long‐term rhamnolipid production (up to 505 h) could be maintained with low‐rate N‐source addition but the intermittent cell growth led to lower productivity (qp), particularly apparent at the highest addition rate. Four fermentations were next made under non‐N‐limited stationary phase without and with N‐source supplementation; qp could be much higher at 24–26 mg g−1h−1. Three final fermentations were designed to build the maximum cell concentration to 30 g L−1 in two growth phases where the growth rate in the second phase was regulated by N‐addition to control foaming. Cultures then entered non‐N‐limited stationary phase and were N‐supplemented. At an optimal rate of 15% growth‐N per 24 h to maintain cell activity, a highest rhamnolipid concentration of 120 g L−1 was obtained after 144 h with overall productivity of 839 mg L−1h−1.
Derivation of rate constant ratios for consecutive second‐order irreversible reactions
Authors: Rigas Fotis P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe determination of rate constants for consecutive irreversible reactions is a difficult and time‐consuming problem, especially when the research extends up to many subsequent products. Thus, the derivation of proper mathematical expressions would greatly facilitate the determination of these rate constants when only the rate constant of the first consecutive reaction is known. Many authors have dealt with this problem in the past but the issue is still of interest to the scientific community judging from recent publications. This paper aims at extending our knowledge of mathematical expressions for rate constant ratios of consecutive reactions to more than three reactions, as is the situation now, and offering a simple graphical estimation of the rate constant ratios exploiting the maxima of each intermediate product. Furthermore, the method extends to the derivation of a generic formula for the estimation of the rate constant ratios based on this graphical approach. This approach for the estimation of rate constant ratios based on mathematical expressions and graphical estimations was validated against experimental data found in the literature.
A dual‐band linear‐to‐circular polarization converter with robustness under oblique incidences
Authors: Zhao Jin , Cheng Yu‐Jian , Huang Tie‐Jun , Liu Pu‐Kun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA dual‐band linear‐to‐circular polarization converter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this work. The structure consists of four identical meander‐line layers separated by air. The converter transforms y‐polarized waves into left hand circular‐polarized waves in 19.7 to 20.2 GHz, and x‐polarized waves into right hand circular‐polarized waves in 29.5 to 30 GHz, corresponding to the dual‐band characteristic. With the incident angle ranging from 0° to 30°, the conversion remains realizable in the two working bands, fully verifying the polarizer's robustness within 30° oblique incidence. Besides, the proposed structure is fabricated using a normal PCB process. The experimental results match well with the simulation ones, which demonstrates the feasibility of our scenario. This work is beneficial for satellite communication in the K/Ka bands.
Bandwidth reconfigurable microwave filter using stepped impedance c‐shaped resonator
Authors: Kingsly Saffrine , Kanagasabai Malathi , Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath , Thirunavukkarasu Manimekalai , Subbaraj Sangeetha , Palaniswamy Sandeep Kumar , Bilvam Sridhar , Kulandhaisamy Indhumathi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents a compact reconfigurable filter performing bandwidth reconfiguration covering the entire L‐band frequency range. The reconfigurable filter is developed using a C‐shaped resonator coupled to the source and load through varactor diodes. To reverse bias the diodes symmetrically both the diodes are fed with a common bias voltage. Hence the DC bias voltage is administered evenly to the diodes resulting is equi‐proportional coupling between the resonator and the nodes. This results in reconfiguring the bandwidth of the operating frequency. The designed filter is capable of tuning 3‐dB bandwidth from 0.613 to 1.353 GHz with the center frequency as 1.5 GHz. The percentage bandwidth of the filter is varied from 44.5% to 91.76%. The insertion loss offered by the filter is very less with the minimum value of 0.42 dB. The proposed filter is simple, compact and finds it application in power agile systems operating with different transmission power levels at different time instances.
The parking warden tour problem
Authors: Bruglieri Maurizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work we introduce the parking warden tour problem (PWTP), a new arc routing problem arising in irregular parking detection to model the maximization of the fines collected by a team of parking wardens. The peculiarity of the PWTP is that the arc revenue depends on the time elapsed from the previous inspection of a warden, since the revenue on a road link slumps to zero if a warden has just visited the link. For this new arc routing problem and a variant of it, we propose two mixed integer linear program formulations, a simple but effective matheuristic based on them and a bounding procedure. All the solution approaches have been tested and compared on both real instances generated on a road network area of Milano, through a survey and on real‐like random instances.
Constrained discrete model predictive control of an arm‐manipulator using Laguerre function
Authors: Pinheiro Tarcisio Carlos F. , Silveira Antonio S. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis work presents a multivariable predictive controller applied on a redundant robotic manipulator with three degrees of freedom. The article focuses on the design of a discrete model‐based predictive controller (DMPC) using the Laguerre function as a control effort weighting method to enhance the solution of Hildreth's quadratic programming and to minimize the trade‐off problem in constrained case. The Laguerre functions are used to simplify and enhance the control horizon effect through parsimonious control trajectory, thus reducing the computational load required to find the optimal control solution. Furthermore, these results can be confirmed by simulations and experimental tests on the manipulator and comparing it to the traditional DMPC approach and the discrete linear quadratic regulator.
Distributed controller design and performance optimization for discrete‐time linear systems
Authors: Viegas Daniel , Batista Pedro , Oliveira Paulo , Silvestre Carlos 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article addresses the problem of distributed controller design for linear discrete‐time systems. The problem is posed using the classical framework of state feedback gain optimization over an infinite‐horizon quadratic cost, with an additional sparsity constraint on the gain matrix to model the distributed nature of the controller. An equivalent formulation is derived that consists in the optimization of the steady‐state solution of a matrix difference equation, and two algorithms for distributed gain computation are proposed based on it. The first method consists in a step‐by‐step optimization of said difference matrix equation, and allows for fast computation of stabilizing state feedback gains. The second algorithm optimizes the same matrix equation over a finite time window to approximate asymptotic behavior and thus minimize the infinite‐horizon quadratic cost. To assess the performance of the proposed solutions, simulation results are presented for the problem of distributed control of a quadruple‐tank process, as well as a version of that problem scaled up to 40 interconnected tanks.
Outcomes of adolescents and young adults treated for brain and skull base tumors with pencil beam scanning proton therapy
Authors: Lim Pei S. , Tran Sébastien , Kroeze Stephanie G.C. , Pica Alessia , Hrbacek Jan , Bachtiary Barbara , Walser Marc , Leiser Dominic , Lomax Antony J. , Weber Damien C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of proton therapy (PT) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is becoming increasingly popular. This study aims to assess the outcomes and late toxicity consequences in AYAs (15‐39 years) with brain/skull base tumors treated with pencil beam scanning proton therapy.MethodsOne hundred seventy six AYAs treated curatively at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) were identified. Median age was 30 years (range 15‐39) and median prescribed dose was 70.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness [RBE]) (range 50.4‐76.0). The most common tumors treated were chordomas/chondrosarcomas (61.4%), followed by gliomas (15.3%), and meningiomas (14.2%).ResultsAfter a median follow up of 66 months (range 12‐236), 24 (13.6%) local only failures and one (0.6%) central nervous system (CNS) distant only failure were observed. The 6‐year local control, distant progression‐free survival, and overall survival were 83.2%, 97.4%, and 90.2%, respectively.The 6‐year high‐grade (≥grade [G] 3) PT‐related late toxicity‐free survival was 88.5%. Crude late toxicity rates were 26.2% G1, 37.8% G2, 12.2% G3, 0.6% G4, and 0.6% G5. The one G4 toxicity was a retinopathy and one G5 toxicity was a brainstem hemorrhage. The 6‐year cumulative incidences for any late PT‐related pituitary, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity were 36.3%, 18.3%, and 25.6%; whilst high‐grade (≥G3) ototoxicity and neurotoxicity were 3.4% and 2.9%, respectively. No secondary malignancies were observed. The rate of unemployment was 9.5% pre‐PT, increasing to 23.8% post‐PT. Sixty‐two percent of survivors were working whilst 12.7% were in education post‐PT.ConclusionsPT is an effective treatment for brain/skull base tumors in the AYA population with a reasonable late toxicity profile. Despite good clinical outcomes, around one in four AYA survivors are unemployed after treatment.
Illness remission status and commissural and associative brain white matter fiber changes in schizophrenia
Authors: Wong Hong Jie , Chew Qian Hui , Lee Renick D. , Sim Kang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a paucity of studies clarifying biological basis of illness remission in schizophrenia related to white matter abnormalities, hence this study aimed to examine brain white matter anomalies via combinatorial diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices between remitted and nonremitted patients and evaluate predictors of remission. We examined DTI data of 178 patients who met the DSM‐IV criteria for schizophrenia (120 nonremitted, 58 remitted) and 111 healthy controls. Remission was determined using Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. Analysis of covariance identified significantly different white matter tracts between groups, whilst covarying for clinical variables. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine clinical‐imaging predictors of remission. Compared to controls, both nonremitted and remitted patients had reduced fractional anisotropy in the body of corpus callosum (BCC) and posterior thalamic radiation. Nonremitted patients had higher axial diffusivity (AD)/mean diffusivity (MD) values in the right cingulum than remitted patients after controlling for duration of illness, number of hospitalizations, and daily total chlorpromazine equivalents. The MD and AD of right cingulum correlated positively with the severity of psychotic psychopathology in nonremitted subjects. In addition, female sex and longer duration of illness were also significant predictors of remission. Specific DTI indices reflecting axonal processes and inflammation/edema of associative fibers (right cingulum) differentiated nonremitted from remitted patients, and together with relevant clinical factors, could serve as potential prognostic markers in schizophrenia.
Adaptive control of linearly parameterized nonaffine nonlinear systems via dynamic matching
Authors: Wu Chengshuai , Chen Jian 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis article studies an adaptive control problem for nonaffine nonlinear systems with linear parametric uncertainty. Inspired by the affine system case, the studied nonaffine nonlinear systems are specified such that the ideal control input is implicitly defined by a matching equation stemming from a Lyapunov‐based analysis. The core idea of control design is to solve the matching equation in a dynamic manner. Toward this end, a dynamic state‐feedback law, together with an adaptation law for the unknown parameters, is developed such that global asymptotic stabilization is theoretically guaranteed. The proposed method is validated on a Duffing‐Holmes oscillator with a nonaffine input and a multi‐input numerical example.
Sole‐Component Visible Macrophotoinitiators with Si‐H: Decreased Oxygen Inhibition and Modified Cured Polymer Materials
Authors: Wu Qingqing , Liao Wen , Wang Xiaoling , Xiong Ying , Tang Hongding 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThree polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)‐modified thioxanthone (TX) visible macrophotoinitiators (TX‐PMHSs) were designed and prepared by the partially hydrosilylation of 2‐allyl(methyl)amino‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (TX−A) and PMHS. Their characteristics of photopolymerization, photolysis, reduction of oxygen inhibition and the modification of the polymer materials were discussed. As sole‐component visible photoinitiators, TX‐PMHSs could even initiate 1, 6‐hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) polymerization in the air atmosphere. Moreover, TX‐PMHSs changed the surface wettability property of the cured polyurethane diacrylate prepolymer (PUA) film, and improved the thermal stability of the polymer network. Thus, this work provided an efficient strategy to decrease oxygen inhibition and improve the cured polymer material properties.
Superhydrophobic Silane/Fluorinated Attapulgite@SiO2 Composite Coatings on Magnesium Alloy for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Wang Shidong , Ye Xiushen , Zhang Huifang , Qian Zhiqiang , Li Quan , Wu Zhijian , Li Shengting 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys, superhydrophobic coatings were prepared by employing fluorinated attapulgite@SiO2 (F‐ATP@SiO2) particles and silanes via a facile one‐step spraying technique in this study. Surface morphology, chemical compositions, roughness and wettability of the coatings were comprehensively investigated by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), 3D optical microscope and contact angle techniques, respectively. Corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results indicated that the coatings exhibited superhydrophobicity due to its micron scale mastoid structure and low surface energy of F‐ATP@SiO2 particles. The superhydrophobicity and anticorrosion performance of the coatings increased with the dosage increase of F‐ATP@SiO2 particles. The water contact angle of the prepared surface can reach as high as 161° with sliding angle of 4°. Icorr of the coatings can reach 5.519×10−8 A cm−2, decreased by 3 orders of magnitude compared to bare AZ31, which showed excellent anticorrosion performance. With the prolongation of immersion time, the EIS analysis indicated that the anticorrosion property of the coating degraded gradually. Based on the electrochemical analysis, the corrosion protection mechanism of the superhydrophobic coating was proposed.
Gelatin‐Coated Dual Cross‐Linked Sodium Alginate/Magnetite Nanoparticle Microbeads for Controlled Release of Doxorubicin
Authors: Obireddy Sreekanth Reddy , Chintha Madhavi , Kashayi Chowdoji Rao , Venkata Krishna Rao Kummari Subba , Subbarao Subha Marata Chinna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present work is fabrication of gelatin (GL) coated dual cross‐linked sodium alginate (SA)/magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) microbeads as potential drug vehicle for extended release of doxorubicin (DOX). The microbeads were prepared using in situ ion‐exchange followed by simple ionotropic gelation technique. The developed beads were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Swelling studies and in vitro release studies were investigated in pH 1.2, 5.0 and 7.4 at 37 °C. Results suggested that both the swelling and in vitro release studies were influenced by the pH of test media, which might be suitable for intestinal drug delivery. The release mechanism was analyzed by fitting the release data into Korsmeyer‐Peppas equation. The results suggest that the fabricated DOX loaded compounds are good drug delivery carriers for drug delivery applications.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed C‐H Annulation of Aromatic Acids with Alkynes Using Air as the Sole Oxidant in Water
Authors: Wu Jiaping , Qian Baiyang , Liu Yanfei , Shang Yongjia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA facile synthesis of isocoumarin andα‐pyrones derivatives by Ru(II)‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of aromatic acids and alkynes is reported. This reaction could undergo smoothly in water by use of air as the sole oxidant and accomplishes with the tolerance of a wide range of functional groups. Additionally, the oxidative cyclization of benzoic acid and acrylate is also achieved in the same conditions to furnish the isobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐one scaffold.
Made with Words
Authors: Róna Peter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe natural sciences study objects; the social sciences are concerned with events. Objects have properties, events are the products of human intentionality. Modern economics is built on the assumption that events can be transformed by a process of abstraction into things with properties of the sort that permits the formulation of law-like generalities. These assumptions have resulted in the paradigm of the value-free economic agent. This paper rejects this paradigm and defends the claim that the domestication of the methodology of the natural sciences in economics is a category mistake. Instead, economics should develop a methodology that is proper to its subject.
Supergraph calculation of one-loop divergences in higher-derivative 6D SYM theory
Authors: Buchbinder I. L. , Ivanov E. A. , Merzlikin B. S. , Stepanyantz K. V. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We apply the harmonic superspace approach for calculating the divergent part of the one-loop effective action of renormalizable 6D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supersymmetric higher-derivative gauge theory with a dimensionless coupling constant. Our consideration uses the background superfield method allowing to carry out the analysis of the effective action in a manifestly gauge covariant and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) supersymmetric way. We exploit the regularization by dimensional reduction, in which the divergences are absorbed into a renormalization of the coupling constant. Having the expression for the one-loop divergences, we calculate the relevant β-function. Its sign is specified by the overall sign of the classical action which in higher-derivative theories is not fixed a priori. The result agrees with the earlier calculations in the component approach. The superfield calculation is simpler and provides possibilities for various generalizations.
High-temperature electroweak symmetry non-restoration from new fermions and implications for baryogenesis
Authors: Matsedonskyi Oleksii , Servant Géraldine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The strength of electroweak symmetry breaking may substantially differ in the early Universe compared to the present day value. In the Standard Model, the Higgs vacuum expectation value (vev ) vanishes and electroweak symmetry gets restored at temperatures above ∼ 160 GeV due to the Higgs field interactions with the high-temperature plasma. It was however shown that new light singlet scalar fields may change this behaviour. The key feature is the non-standard dependence on the Higgs vev of the new particles mass which can vanish at large Higgs vev, inducing a negative correction to the Higgs thermal mass, leading to electroweak symmetry non-restoration at high temperature. We show that such an effect can also be induced by new singlet fermions which on the other hand have the advantage of not producing unstable directions in the scalar potential at tree level, nor bringing additional severe hierarchy problems. As temperature drops, such a high-temperature breaking phase may continuously evolve into the zero-temperature breaking phase or the two phases can be separated by a temporary phase of restored symmetry. We discuss how our construction can naturally arise in motivated models of new physics, such as Composite Higgs. This is particularly relevant for baryogenesis, as it opens a whole class of possibilities in which the baryon asymmetry can be produced during a high temperature phase transition, while not being erased later by sphalerons.
SQCD and pairs of pants
Authors: Razamat Shlomo S. , Sabag Evyatar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe show that the 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 SU(3)Nf= 6 SQCD is the model obtained when compactifying the rank one E-string theory on a three punctured sphere (a trinion) with a particular value of flux. The SU(6)×SU(6)×U(1) global symmetry of the theory, when decomposed into the SU(2)3×U(1)3×SU(6) subgroup, corresponds to the three SU(2) symmetries associated to the three punctures and the U(1)3×SU(6) subgroup of theE8symmetry of the E-string theory. All the puncture symmetries are manifest in the UV and thus we can construct ordinary Lagrangians flowing in the IR to any compactification of the E-string theory. We generalize this claim and argue that the$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 SU(N+ 2) SQCD in the middle of the conformal window,Nf= 2N+ 4, is the theory obtained by compactifying the 6dminimal (DN+3, DN+3) conformal matter SCFT on a sphere with two maximal SU(N+ 1) punctures, one minimal SU(2) puncture, and with a particular value of flux. The SU(2N+ 4)×SU(2N+ 4)×U(1) symmetry of the UV Lagrangian decomposes into SU(N+ 1)2×SU(2) puncture symmetries and the U(1)3×SU(2N+ 4) subgroup of the SO(12 + 4N) symmetry group of the 6dSCFT. The models constructed from the trinions exhibit a variety of interesting strong coupling effects. For example, one of the dualities arising geometrically from different pair-of-pants decompositions of a four punctured sphere is an SU(N+ 2) generalization of the Intriligator-Pouliot duality of SU(2) SQCD withNf= 4, which is a degenerate,N= 0, instance of our discussion.
An Optimal Bound for Nonlinear Eigenvalues and Torsional Rigidity on Domains with Holes
Authors: Pietra Francesco Della , Piscitelli Gianpaolo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this paper we prove an optimal upper bound for the first eigenvalue of a Robin-Neumann boundary value problem for thep-Laplacian operator in domains with convex holes. An analogous estimate is obtained for the corresponding torsional rigidity problem.