bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical exercise among radiologists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al Gadeeb Mohammed , Hassan Ali , Al Dandan Omran , Al Shammari Malak , Kalalah Mawaheb , Zabeeri Najwa , Farea Abdulaziz , Gari Danya , Alsaif Hind S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe practice of clinical radiology has become more sedentary in the era of the Picture Archiving and Communication System. Physical inactivity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of physical exercises among radiologists in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and the association between physical exercises and the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.MethodsAn online survey was sent to radiologists in all hospitals (academic, public, and private) in the major cities of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. It covered information about demographic characteristics and the frequency and pattern of physical exercises. It also included an evaluation of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. This survey of 263 radiologists was conducted in April 2019. The study outcome was the presence of disabling musculoskeletal symptoms in any body region which restricted the performance of normal activities within the last 12 months. The study results were analyzed descriptively using the Chi-square test.ResultsThe survey was completed by 198 participants (111 men and 87 women) with a response rate of 75.3%. Most participants (71.2%) were less than 40 years. Eighty-three men (74.8%) did a physical exercise at least weekly, compared to 45 (51.7%) women. Men were more likely to engage in various physical exercises than women. Overall, 60.9% of participants who did not do any physical exercise regularly (less than monthly) reported having disabling neck pain. This figure was found lower among participants who did physical exercises monthly (45.8%) or at least weekly (32.8%). A similar pattern was observed with shoulder pain, with 45.7% found in participants who did not exercise and only 25.8% in those engaging in physical activities at least weekly.ConclusionsPhysical inactivity is common among radiologists, especially female ones, in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The physical inactivity was significantly associated with work-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Gender-specific health promotion programs are needed to mitigate the negative health outcomes due to the sedentary nature of the radiology current practice.
Experiences of patients with anorexia nervosa during the transition from child and adolescent mental health services to adult mental health services
Authors: Lockertsen Veronica , Nilsen Liv , Holm Lill Ann Wellhaven , Rø Øyvind , Burger Linn May , Røssberg Jan Ivar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe transition between the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and the Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) is identified as an especially critical time for the continuity of care for patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, research on this topic is scarce. In the present study, we explore the patients’ experiences of the transition between CAMHS and AMHS.MethodsA qualitative explorative study was carried out based on recorded interviews from one multi-step focus group and six individual interviews with patients who experienced the transition from CAMHS to AHMS in Norway. This study is service user-initiated, meaning service users were involved in all steps of the research process.ResultsThe adolescents’ experiences are characterized by four overall themes regarding the transition process between CAMHS and AMHS: (1) “Being unprepared and alone in the transition process” describes how a lack of preparation for the transition between CAMHS and AMHS makes them feel alone and increases stress. (2) “It takes time to create a trusting relationship” describes how time influences patients’ trust in therapists and motivation for treatment. (3) “We are not all the same” describes how adolescents develop differently but are not treated differently despite their diverse ability to be self-sufficient. (4) “How they see me and treat me affects my hope for the future” describes the interaction between adolescents and therapists.ConclusionsAcknowledging the patients’ needs during the transition period and considering their readiness for the transition is important. Taking into account the four dimensions described in the present study might improve the transition process and enhance the patients’ self-sufficiency and maturity.
Development of platinum strain gauge based on Ni-Co metal substrate for smart catheter application
Authors: Kim Yunho , Kim Jajin , Kim Yongdae 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRapid diagnosis and treatment are required when blood clots build up in a blood vessel and clog up the vessel. This study proposes novel smart catheters that can simultaneously diagnose and treat blood vessel disease. This quick treatment increases survival probability and can prevent various complications. In the design of the smart catheters, Pt strain gauges can be used to measure the inside diameter of the vessel. This paper proposes a new fabrication process of the Pt strain gauges based on metal substrates made of Ni and Co alloy (referred to as “Ni-Co” in this paper). In the fabrication process, a Ni-Co thin film was deposited onto a silicon carrier wafer by electroplating and patterned into individual shapes by a liftoff process. Then, a multilayered Pt strain gauge consisting of insulation, adhesive layers, and Pt metallization was formed on the Ni-Co flexible substrate. Subsequently, the Pt strain gauges were peeled off from the carrier wafer by a new release process. To evaluate the performance of the strain gauges in terms of gauge factor and nonlinearity, tensile and compression tests were conducted by attaching Pt strain gauges to the constant stress beam.
Extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans and glycan-binding lectins orchestrate trans-synaptic signaling
Authors: Rushton Emma , Kopke Danielle L. , Broadie Kendal 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
The exceedingly narrow synaptic cleft (&lt;20 nm) and adjacent perisynaptic extracellular space contain an astonishing array of secreted and membrane-anchored glycoproteins. A number of these extracellular molecules regulate intercellular trans-synaptic signaling by binding to ligands, acting as co-receptors or modulating ligand–receptor interactions. Recent work has greatly expanded our understanding of extracellular proteoglycan and glycan-binding lectin families as key regulators of intercellular signaling at the synapse. These secreted proteins act to regulate the compartmentalization of glycoprotein ligands and receptors, crosslink dynamic extracellular and cell surface lattices, modulate both exocytosis and endocytosis vesicle cycling, and control postsynaptic receptor trafficking. Here, we focus closely on the Drosophila glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as a model synapse for understanding extracellular roles of the many heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and lectin proteins that help determine synaptic architecture and neurotransmission strength. We particularly concentrate on the roles of extracellular HSPGs and lectins in controlling trans-synaptic signaling, especially that mediated by the Wnt and BMP pathways. These signaling mechanisms are causally linked to a wide spectrum of neurological disease states that impair coordinated movement and cognitive functions.
Toolkit of methodological resources to conduct systematic reviews
Authors: Roqué Marta , Martínez-García Laura , Solà Ivan , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Bonfill Xavier , Zamora Javier 
Published: August 2020

Background: Systematic reviews (SR) can be classified by type depending on the research question they are based on. This work identifies and describes the most relevant methodological resources to conduct high-quality reviews that answer health care questions regarding prevalence, prognosis, diagnostic accuracy and effects of interventions. Methods: Methodological resources have been identified from literature searches and consulting guidelines from institutions that develop SRs. The selected resources are organized by type of SR, and stage of development of the review (formulation of the research question, development of the protocol, literature search, risk of bias assessment, synthesis of findings, assessment of the quality of evidence, and report of SR results and conclusions). Results: Although the different types of SRs are developed following the same steps, each SR type requires specific methods, differing in characteristics and complexity. The extent of methodological development varies by type of SR, with more solid guidelines available for diagnostic accuracy and effects of interventions SRs. This methodological toolkit describes the most up-to-date risk of bias instruments: Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS) tool and Prediction model study Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) for prognostic SRs, Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies tool (QUADAS-2) for diagnostic accuracy SRs, Cochrane risk of bias tool (ROB-2) and Risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions studies tool (ROBINS-I) for effects of interventions SRs, as well as the latest developments on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Conclusions: This structured compilation of the best methodological resources for each type of SR may prove to be a very useful tool for those researchers that wish to develop SRs or conduct methodological research works on SRs
Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames
Authors: Vidgop Alexander Jonathan , Norton Nelly , Rosenberg Nechama , Haguel-Spitzberg Malka , Fouxon Itzhak 
Published: August 2020

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.
Respiratory system
Authors: Matthews Barry , Sumera Kacper 
Published: August 2020

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula.This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles.This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. This article, which explores the respiratory system, gives an overview of initial examination considerations.
A ‘think aloud’ exercise to develop self-awareness of clinical reasoning in students
Authors: Downs Simon , Halls Amy 
Published: August 2020

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the ‘think aloud’ teaching exercise's ability to develop clinical reasoning skills of student paramedics, and to ascertain its feasibility as an ongoing method to enhance clinical reasoning teaching and potentially alleviate problems around applying theoretical learning to practice. Methods: A qualitative approach was taken to seek the opinions and experiences of students taking part in the activity to determine levels of enjoyment, how relatable it was to students, and awareness of the skills it was intended to develop. Data collected via an online survey tool were analysed to identify themes and comments. Findings: Student enjoyment and engagement were evident, and the exercise permitted independence of thought and working, promoting self-appraisal among students of the effectiveness of the working strategy. Conclusion: The results of this case study indicate that the think aloud exercise could be effective in developing students' clinical reasoning skills. It complements established teaching strategies, such as core lectures, seminars and supervised practice.
Bone scan with SPECT/CT in children with complex foot and ankle pain: Initial experience of a paediatric tertiary referral centre
Authors: Yeats James C. , Rahbek Ole , Griffith Nigel , Easty Marina , Biassoni Lorenzo , Eastwood Deborah M. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose This study was designed to review the diagnostic yield of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in children with complex foot/ankle pain. Methods We reviewed the records of 33 patients with complex foot and ankle pain referred for SPECT/CT (36 scans) performed between 1st September 2009 to 30th September 2019. All patients had foot and ankle radiographs and 18 out of 33 patients had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to SPECT/CT. The diagnostic contribution of SPECT/CT was established at the time of the scan during a multi-disciplinary team meeting. Results The patients’ mean age was 13.4 years (range six to 16.5 years) and 58% were female. In total, 18 patients had undergone previous surgical treatment. SPECT/CT was found to have decisive clinical value compared with radiographs and CT/MRI in 28 out of 36 cases. In ten patients it prompted surgical management (coalition excision, arthrodesis), in seven patients it redirected conservative management, in six patients it excluded other pathology and in five patients it showed additional/unexpected focal areas of mechanical stress, thus avoiding surgery. When compared with MRI, SPECT/CT added further clinical information in 13 out of 18 cases. SPECT/CT added decisive clinical value in five out of five patients with accessory ossicles, eight out of nine patients with tarsal coalition, five out of seven patients with surgically treated Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV) and four out of five patients with neuromuscular feet. In eight out of 36 cases SPECT/CT confirmed the diagnosis without adding significant information. Conclusions SPECT/CT can identify foci of active mechanical stress at cortical bone level in children with unexplained complex foot and ankle pain, particularly in the multiply operated foot, accessory ossicles and tarsal coalitions. Level of Evidence IV
Light trapping in solar cells: simple design rules to maximize absorption
Authors: Li Kezheng , Haque Sirazul , Martins Augusto , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Mendes Manuel J. , Schuster Christian S. 
Published: August 2020

Solar cells can strongly benefit from optical strategies capable of providing the desired broadband absorption of sunlight and consequent high conversion efficiency. While many diffractive light-trapping structures prove high absorption enhancements, their industrial application rather depends on simplicity concerning the integration to the solar cell concept and the process technology. Here, we show how simple grating lines can perform as well as advanced light-trapping designs. We use a shallow and periodic grating as the basic element of a quasi-random structure, which is highly suitable for industrial mass production. Its checkerboard arrangement breaks the mirror symmetry and is shown, for instance, to enhance the bulk current of a 1 µm slab of crystalline silicon by 125%. We explain its excellent performance by drawing a direct link between a structure’s Fourier series and the implied photocurrent, derived from a large and diverse set of structures. Our design rule thus meets all relevant aspects of light-trapping for solar cells, clearing the way for simple, practical, and yet outstanding diffractive structures, with a potential impact beyond photonic applications.
Postinfectious Autoimmune Hepatitis-Induced Liver Failure: A Consequence of Hepatitis A Virus Infection
Authors: Subramanian Sruthi Kapliyil , Patel Jigar M. , Younes Mamoun , Nevah Rubin Moises I. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated hepatic pathology of unclear etiology. The mechanisms initiating and driving autoimmune inflammation of the liver and the loss of hepatic tolerance are still elusive. Several studies have documented the involvement of genetic factors and triggering agents such as toxic injury, treatment with immune-modifying drugs, or previous viral infections with perhaps strongest evidence for the hepatitis C virus. Rarely, AIH has been reported to develop after hepatitis A virus infection. We describe a case of de novo AIH in a patient with a history of recent hepatitis A virus infection.
Blockchain Technology
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
I first heard of blockchain technology at a conference in 2017 when Christopher Wilmer, Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh and Managing Editor of Ledger, [1] gave a presentation on the technology. While he did mention Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies with which the technology was originally associated, Wilmer’s talk explained how his journal uses blockchain for proof-of-publication. He commented that as a data-storage mechanism, “blockchains are well-suited to be used in scholarly publishing because they are extremely resilient, tamper-proof, practically indestructible databases; there is no single point of failure or cost of operation; and there is an incontrovertible proof-of-publication date, even across countries and institutions whose incentives are not aligned (which is sometimes a point of contention for scientists racing to discover cure/new theorem/etc.)” [2].
Ar preskriptyvizmas veikia? Taisomi žodžiai Lietuvos radijo ir TV eteryje 1960–2010
Authors: Nevinskaitė Laima , Tamaševičius Giedrius 
Published: August 2020

This special issue includes a study of the effects of prescriptivism on the speech of Lithuanian radio and television in the period between 1960 and 2010. The investigation is corpus-based and focuses on the use of lexical items that are classified as “incorrect” by the Lithuanian norm-setters.
Editor of the special issue: Loreta Vaicekauskienė
Did we turn a blind eye? The answer is simply there. Peripheral pulmonary vascular thrombosis in COVID-19 patients explains sudden worsening of clinical conditions
Authors: Lucatelli Pierleone , Del Monte Maurizio , De Rubeis Gianluca , Cundari Giulia , Francone Marco , Panebianco Valeria , Catalano Carlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 patients suffering sudden worsening of clinical conditions have an atypical peripheral pulmonary arterial obstruction at computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA), poorly associated to deep venous thrombosis (DVT), suspicious for thrombotic in situ nature rather than embolic.
NILAI ISLAM DALAM TEOREMA PHYTAGORAS
Authors: Romadhon Riski Surya 
Published: August 2020

Penelitian bertujuan membuktikan berbagai konsep teori-teori yang ditemukan Phytagoras dengan prinsip-prinsp dalam islam. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengkajian litelatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip phytagoras yaitu “untuk setiap segitiga siku siku berlaku kuadrat panjang sisi miring sama dengan jumlah kuadrat panjang sisi siku sikunya.” Dan dapat dituliskan c<sup>2</sup> = a<sup>2</sup> + b<sup>2 </sup> .Semakin besar kedua kuadrat sisi siku-sikunya (a dan b) maka semakin besar sisi miringnya. Dalam islam dianjurkan untuk menjaga hablumminallah dan hablumminannas untuk mendapatkan kesuksesan didunia dan di akhirat. Diibaratkan dua sisi siku-siku segitiga tersebut. Jika semakin besar hubungan Allah dan manusia, maka semakin besar pula kesuksesan yang di dapat.
PENGELOLAAN PERILAKU HEMAT ENERGI BERDASARKAN WARNA PINTAR PADA MOBIL
Authors: Widiyastuti Wahyuning 
Published: August 2020

<p class="06IsiAbstrak">MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY SAVING BEHAVIOR BASED ON SMART COLORS ON THE CAR. Energy constraints in the world lie behind countries to save energy. Unwittingly, the cause of the high fuel usage in cars lies of uses AC (Air Conditioner). The temperature in the car is influenced by the color of the car. Based on the problems above, inspiring researchers to analyze the color car effect on temperature to save fuel usage.</p>In this study, the author uses the study method and the observation method that is observing car as the object. After conducting experiment, cars color from the lowest temperature to the color that has the highest temperature is obtained. So the car color affects the temperature of the car. If the temperature in the car is high, it will affect the use of AC which has an impact on the use of fuel. In this research, the car color sequences that are good in saving fuel are white, silver, beige, red, blue, gray, black.