bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Liver‐Targeting Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase Inhibitor (PF‐05221304): A Three‐Part Randomized Phase 1 Study
Authors: Bergman Arthur , Carvajal‐Gonzalez Santos , Tarabar Sanela , Saxena Aditi R. , Esler William P. , Amin Neeta B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPF‐05221304 is a liver‐targeted inhibitor of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step in de novo lipogenesis (DNL). This first‐in‐human study investigated safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending oral PF‐05221304 doses, and fructose‐stimulated DNL inhibition with repeated oral doses. Healthy subjects (n = 96) received single (1‐240 mg) or repeated (2‐200 mg daily) doses for 14 days or single 100‐mg doses with and without food. PF‐05221304 was well tolerated at all doses. Repeated PF‐05221304 doses inhibited hepatic DNL in a dose‐dependent manner, with near‐complete inhibition seen at higher doses. With doses yielding ≥90% DNL inhibition, asymptomatic increases in fasting/postprandial serum triglyceride levels (≥40 mg/day) and declines in platelet count (≥60 mg/day) occurred; these were not observed at ≤80% DNL inhibition. Steady‐state pharmacokinetics generally increased dose‐proportionally, with a half‐life of 14‐18 hours and a minimal food effect on plasma exposure. The observed safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics support the continued evaluation of PF‐05221304 for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Gender, power, and court‐annexed mediation in Indonesia
Authors: Abdul Syukur Fatahillah , Bagshaw Dale 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCertification trainings for court‐annexed mediators have been conducted in Indonesia since 2003; however, the curriculum fails to include domestic and family violence and the impacts of gender and the abuse of power on women and children, which are crucial in a patriarchal country such as Indonesia. The authors contend that it is imperative to include these topics in the curriculum to raise mediators' awareness of the influence of patriarchy, on themselves and the disputants and on the process and outcomes for women and children. The authors assess the development and training of court annexed mediators in Indonesia and recommend changes to the current certification training curriculum, the development of national competency standards and a code of ethics and funding for research.
Simple regression models to estimate light interception in wheat crops with Sentinel‐2 and a handheld sensor
Authors: Pellegrini Pedro , Cossani C. Mariano , Bella Carlos M. Di , Piñeiro Gervasio , Sadras Víctor O. , Oesterheld Martín 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCapture of radiation by crop canopies drives growth rate, grain set, and yield. Since the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by green area (fAPARg) correlates with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), remote sensors have been used to monitor vegetation. With a 10‐m spatial resolution and 5‐d revisiting time, the recently launched Sentinel‐2 satellite is a promising tool for fAPARg monitoring. However, the available algorithm to estimate fAPARg is based on simulations of canopy interception of several vegetation types and was never tested in field crops. Handheld sensors, such as GreenSeeker, are another alternative to estimate fAPARg. Our objectives were (a) to test the ability of indices derived from Sentinel‐2 and GreenSeeker NDVI to capture fAPARg of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops, (b) to compare these sensors’ performance against the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and (c) to compare our Sentinel‐2 model estimations with the available algorithm. In wheat fields in the southwest Argentinean Pampas, on several sampling dates, we measured fAPARg with a quantum light sensor and NDVI with a GreenSeeker. We regressed fAPARg measurements with vegetation indices from the different sources and selected the best models. Sentinel‐2 and GreenSeeker NDVI precisely estimated fAPARg, with a performance similar to MODIS (p < .05; RMSD = 0.09, 0.11, and 0.08; R2 = .89, .88, and .95, respectively). The available algorithm to estimate fAPARg with Sentinel‐2 yielded biased estimations, mainly in the lower range of fAPARg. These results suggest that simple models may provide fAPARg estimations with Sentinel‐2 and GreenSeeker in wheat crops with an accuracy suitable for agricultural applications.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Dialkyl Carbonates from Carbon Dioxide as a Carbonyl Source
Authors: Sugiyama Masafumi , Akiyama Midori , Nishiyama Kohei , Okazoe Takashi , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFluorinated dialkyl carbonates (DACs), which serve as environmentally benign phosgene substitutes, were produced successfully from carbon dioxide either directly or indirectly. Nucleophilic addition of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol to carbon dioxide and subsequent reaction with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyltriflate (3 a) afforded bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) carbonate (1) in up to 79 % yield. Additionally, carbonate 1 was obtained through the stoichiometric reaction of 3 a and cesium carbonate. Although bis(1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propyl) carbonate (4) was difficult to obtain by either of the above two methods, it could be synthesized through the transesterification of carbonate 1.
Effect of phase change material plates' arrangements on charging and discharging of energy storage in building air free cooling
Authors: Nada Sameh A. , Alshaer Walid G. , Saleh Ramy M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPrevious examinations of building air free cooling using phase change material (PCM) plates were numerically conducted for specific arrangements/configurations of PCMs plates. Experimental investigation for models validations and comparison between the different configurations of PCMs are the shortages of these studies. The present research experimentally investigates the effects of the PCM plate's arrangements on the thermal characteristics of the charging and discharging processes. Parallel and staggered arrangements of different spaces between the plates were tested. The effect of plates' arrangements on the discharging time and quantity of PCM needed to fulfill the required free cooling are also investigated. The results showed that (a) in parallel arrangement, the discharge time decreases with decreasing spaces between PCM plates; (b) the discharge time in staggered arrangement is longer than that of parallel arrangement by 63%; (c) putting PCM plates on large numbers of rows increases the discharge time; (d) in staggered arrangement, the discharge time increases with decreasing spacing between PCMs plates; (e) the needed quantity of PCMs plates in staggered arrangement is lower than that of parallel arrangement by about 67%; and (f) generally, staggered arrangement with low spaces between PCMs plates is the optimum arrangement for air free cooling as it has the longest discharge time.
Synchrotron Radiography for a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyzer
Authors: Panchenko U. , Arlt T. , Manke I. , Müller M. , Stolten D. , Lehnert W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn‐plane synchrotron radiography with a resolution of a few micrometers was applied to study transport processes within a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer cell. The degradation process of the catalyst layer, gas production with bubble formation at the catalyst layer and in the porous transport layer (PTL) was analyzed. From this, a new cell design was developed that allows for high X‐ray transmittances at the membrane plane in the in‐plane viewing direction. During the measurement, a bubble growth and movement was observed. Furthermore, a detachment of catalytic material from the catalyst layer was detected. Afterwards, a post mortem EDX analysis was conducted to determine the position of the catalyst particles. Despite Iridium being initially used as the anode catalyst and platinum as the cathode catalyst, the EDX measurement revealed Pt and Ir particles on both electrodes following cell operation.
Sturzprozesse ausgehend von Felsböschungen: Abschätzung der Reichweite mithilfe numerischer Modelle
Authors: Preh Alexander 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRunout processes originating from rock slopes can be classified according to their process behaviour into rockfall, rock mass fall and rock avalanche. Their process behaviour is primarily determined by the volume of the detached rock mass, the degree of fragmentation of the moving mass and the morphology and nature of the runout path. The initial conditions of these processes depend on the initial failure mechanism. It is difficult to predict the runout and magnitudes of these types of rapid landslides since the complexity of the processes requires major simplifications in the calculation approaches. A good understanding of the process and clear mechanical model conceptions are therefore crucial in the development and choice of prediction models. The paper presents a classification of the runout processes originating from rock slopes on the basis of clearly defined mechanical models and provides an overview of the currently available models for prediction.
Development of the Uppsala model of internationalization process: From internationalization to evolution
Authors: Vahlne Jan‐Erik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryI explain how the Uppsala model of the internationalization process progressed from explaining internationalization to explaining evolution. Initially, empirical findings led to the formulation of a model, later named the Uppsala model, driven by the interplay between experiential learning and commitments to expand the business into new foreign markets and deepen engagements in existing markets. Later, conceptions led to networks becoming a key ingredient in the model. As a result, globalization, geographical extensions and reconfigurations, and coordination changes were shown to follow the same pattern of learning and commitments as internationalization did. More recently, other dimensions in firms' evolution, such as R&D, and organizational and strategic change processes appear to follow similar processes of learning and commitments.Managerial SummaryI explain how the Uppsala model of the internationalization process changed from explaining internationalization to explaining evolution. Superior profitability depends on not waiting until everything is known but rather managing under uncertainty, preferably acting before competitors do, which is risky, and this risk must be kept at an acceptable level. This is possible not only by learning from experience, as was proposed in the initial version of the model, but also from engaging with a network of partners and actors in the relevant field of knowledge, as a subsequent revision of the model acknowledged. The latest version of the model highlights the importance of evolution in the access and development of knowledge, with performance depending on both environmental change and managerial action.
Chiral nanoparticle‐induced amplification in optical activity of molecules with chiral centers
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Junjun , Deng Junhong , Huang Zhifeng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSensitive differentiation of an enantiomer from its mirror image (ie, enantiodifferentiation), a perennial challenge for pharmaceutical production and disease diagnosis, is technically limited by the weak optical activity (OA) of enantiomers, mainly due to their dimensional mismatch with light wavelengths in the ultraviolet (UV)‐visible region. Here we use silver chiral nanoparticles (Ag CNPs) with nominally sub‐5 nm helical pitch (P) to amplify the OA of (2′R, 3′R, 4′S)‐riboflavin‐5′‐phosphate sodium salts (RP), which have been found to indirectly affect metabolic processes, through the formation of an RP thin film (TF) covering a close‐packed array of Ag CNPs. The OA of the RP in the deep‐UV region can be amplified up to 80‐fold, ascribed to the aggregation of RP in the TFs and the interactions between RP and the atomically chiral lattices at the CNPs' surfaces. The former contribution, not associated with the chiral Ag topographies, plays a dominant role by thickening the RP TFs, so that the observed amplification has no enantioselective dependence on the chirality of the Ag CNPs. This study extends progress in the sensitive detection of bio‐enantiomers, which is highly desired for advanced bio‐detection in disease diagnosis and production of single‐enantiomer pharmaceuticals.image
Probing the bent bonds in cyclopropane systems for gas storage and separation process: A computational study
Authors: Wakchaure Padmaja D. , Ganguly Bishwajit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide gas adsorption and storage capacity of lithium‐decorated cyclopropane ring systems were examined with quantum chemical calculations at density functional theory, DFT M06‐2X functional using 6‐31G(d) and cc‐pVDZ basis sets. To examine the reliability of M06‐2X DFT functional, a few representative systems are also examined with complete basis set CBS‐QB3 method and CCSD‐aug‐cc‐pVTZ level of theory. The cyclopropane systems can bind to one Li+ ion; however, the corresponding the methylated systems can bind with two Li+ ions. The cyclopropane systems can adsorb six hydrogen molecules with an average binding energy of 3.8 kcal/mol. The binding free energy (ΔG) values suggest that the hydrogen adsorption process is feasible at 273.15 K. The calculation of desorption energies indicates the recyclable property of gas adsorbed complexes. The same number of CO2 and CO gas molecules can also be adsorbed with an average binding energy of −14.4 kcal/mol and −10.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The carbon dioxide showed ~3–4 kcal/mol better binding energy as compared to carbon monoxide and hence such designed systems can function as a potential candidate for the separation of these flue gas molecules. The nature of interactions in complexes was examined with atoms in molecules analysis revealed the electrostatic nature for the interaction of Li+ ion with cyclopropane rings. The chemical hardness and electrophilicity calculations showed that the gas adsorbed complexes are rigid and therefore robust as gas storage materials.
Interaction of triols with formaldehyde and acetone: Experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Sultanova Rimma , Borisevich Sophia , Raskil'dina Gulnara , Borisova Julianna , Baykova Irina , Spirikhin Leonid , Khursan Sergey , Zlotsky Simon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExperimental and theoretical aspects of the condensation of glycerol and its homologs (1,2,3‐ and 1,2,4‐butanetriols) with formaldehyde and acetone are studied under conditions of acid catalysis. Calculation of the thermodynamic parameters of the resulting products by the composite method CBS‐QB3 shows that the six‐membered heterocycles, the products of the interaction of triols with formaldehyde, are thermodynamically more stable than the five‐membered acetals, while the reaction of the same triols with acetone is preferable for the formation of the five‐membered acetals. This is due to the fact that the regioselectivity of the studied reactions is determined by the structural features and reactivity of the carbocations formed in a condensed medium during the course of the reaction. According to the theoretical data obtained experimentally, during the condensation of glycerol and 1,2,4‐butanetriol with formaldehyde in the most stable form of the six‐membered cyclic carbocation, intramolecular hydrogen bonding and anomeric stabilization due to the axially oriented hydroxyl group take place. As a result, cation 1b–1 is 1.2–1.6 kJ/mol more stable than its five‐membered isomers (1a–1 and 1b–2). It leads to the predominant formation of 1,3‐dioxane (3b). However, upon condensation of butanetriol‐1,2,3 with formaldehyde, the intermediate cation 4a–1 turns out to be significantly more stable than the other isomers due to the strong intramolecular hydrogen bond in the six‐membered ring with the participation of the hydroxyl group of the substituent and the hydroxyl group of the cationic center, leading to the predominant formation of the dioxolane 6a.
Potential diagnostic value of PD‐1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients
Authors: Cai Xiu‐Ping , Zhao Qing , Guo Zhao‐Di , Lin Shao‐Jun , Chen Zhi‐Xiang , Chen Min‐Yuan , Zheng Lei , Zhao Ke‐Wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is an estrogen deficiency‐induced skeletal disorder. Bone mineral density (BMD) testing is the gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis. However, its sensitivity for fracture risk assessment is low. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) is a key immune checkpoint molecule implicated in the pathophysiology of bone remodeling, but its role in osteoporosis has not yet been explored. Thus, this study aimed to assess the expression and diagnostic utility of PD‐1 in PMOP.MethodsA total of 56 patients with PMOP and 37 postmenopausal healthy controls (NC) were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and PD‐1 expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pearson's correlation test was performed to explore the associations between PD‐1 level and clinical variables, while receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the potential diagnostic value of PD‐1 in patients with PMOP.ResultsWe found that PD‐1 level was significantly upregulated in the PBMCs of PMOP patients than those of NC (P = .016). PD‐1 expression was positively correlated with C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. ROC curve analysis showed that PD‐1 had certain diagnostic value for PMOP (area under the curve = 0.65, standard error = 0.06, 95% confidence interval [0.53,0.76], P = .016), with a sensitivity and specificity of 44.64% and 81.08%, respectively.ConclusionProgrammed cell death protein 1 is significantly upregulated in the PBMCs of PMOP patients and has certain diagnostic value for PMOP.
Ascending‐Dose Study of Controlled‐Release Ketamine Tablets in Healthy Volunteers: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability
Authors: Glue Paul , Medlicott Natalie J. , Surman Peter , Lam Fred , Hung Noelyn , Hung C. Tak 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParenteral ketamine has fast‐onset antidepressant and antianxiety effects; however, it causes dissociation, hypertension, and tachycardia shortly after dosing. Ketamine's antidepressant effects may be due to active metabolites rather than to ketamine itself. We hypothesized that oral controlled‐release ketamine tablets would improve safety and tolerability compared with injected ketamine by reducing peak ketamine exposures compared with dosing by injection. In this randomized, placebo‐controlled ascending‐dose study, ketamine doses of 60, 120, or 240 mg or matching placebo (single dose followed by every‐12‐hours dosing for 5 doses) were given to 24 healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (brain‐derived neurotropic factor), adverse events, and vital signs were assessed up to 72 hours. Drug release occurred over ∼10 hours, with most drug substance present as norketamine (∼90%). Area under the concentration‐time curve and peak concentration were dose proportional. Elimination half‐life was prolonged (7‐9 hours) compared with published data from immediate‐release oral formulations. There were no changes in blood pressure or heart rate after any dose. Mild dissociation was reported after 240 mg but not lower doses; mean dissociation ratings in this group were minimal (1‐2/76). There were no clinically significant changes in ECGs or safety laboratory tests at any time. Compared with injected ketamine, oral controlled‐release ketamine tablets did not increase blood pressure or heart rate, and only at doses of 240 mg was dissociation of mild intensity reported. Reducing and delaying ketamine peak concentration by oral dosing with controlled‐release ketamine tablets improve this drug's tolerability for patients with depression/anxiety.
Morphological characterization of Hypnaceae (Bryopsida, Hypnales): Investigating four genera from Western Himalayas by using LM and SEM techniques
Authors: Khan Aamir Shehzad , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Athar Mohammad , Ozdemir Fethi Ahmet , Gilani Syed Aneel Ahmad , Sultana Shazia , Ahmad Shafiq , Butt Maryam Akram , Majeed Salman , Khan Shahzeb Ullah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Hypnaceae is one of the largest and diversified family among the pleurocarpous mosses which consists of nearly 60 genera and 1,000 species around the world. In Pakistan, it is represented by 15 species and 8 genera. The current research article provides the detail morphological investigation of four different species (genera) of the family Hypnaceae that is, Gollania clarescens, Hypnum revolutum, Homomallium andoi, and Taxiphyllum taxirameum in the Western Himalayas, Pakistan. The research article reports the first SEM study of the leaf surfaces of the studied taxa, along with comprehensive morphological characters of the four species. The main objective of the research project is to present the comparative light and scanning electron microscopic study to discuss the morphology in detail because previously the family is just reported in different bryophyte checklists of the Western Himalayas. Based on results, morphological characters, micromorphological observations, qualitative and quantitative attributes, taxonomic keys for the studied taxa, distribution, and habitat are described. Stereoscope was used to analyze different qualitative characters, and light microscope was used to observe and measure the laminal and alar cells of the leaf. The SEM study reveals many important surface features like cell shape and cell wall. The laminal cells were mostly linear and elongated with thin cell walls. The specimens used for the SEM were air dried, so the laminal cells were somewhat constricted and concaved. The current study project will help to make the contribution in the taxonomy and morphology of this family.
Recent advances in parametric modeling of microwave components using combined neural network and transfer function
Authors: Feng Feng , Zhang Jianan , Zhang Wei , Zhao Zhihao , Jin Jing , Zhang Qi‐Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParametric modeling of electromagnetic (EM) behaviors has become important for EM design optimizations of microwave components. This paper provides an overview of recent advances in parametric modeling of microwave components using combined neural network and transfer function (neuro‐TF). Transfer functions are used to represent the EM responses of passive components vs frequency. With the help of the transfer function, the nonlinearity of the neural network structure can be significantly decreased. We first introduce the neuro‐TF modeling approach in rational format. We also review the pole‐residue‐based neuro‐TF modeling technique. The orders of the pole‐residue transfer functions may vary over different regions of geometrical parameters. A pole‐residue tracking technique can be used to solve this order‐changing problem. As a further advancement, we discuss the sensitivity analysis‐based neuro‐TF modeling technique. The purpose is to increase the model accuracy by utilizing EM sensitivity information and to speed up the model development process by reducing the number of training data required for developing the model. After the modeling process, the trained model can be used to provide accurate and fast prediction of the EM responses w.r.t. the geometrical variables and can be subsequently used in the high‐level circuit and system design.