bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost of chronic and episodic migraine patients in continuous treatment for two years in a tertiary level headache Centre
Authors: Negro Andrea , Sciattella Paolo , Rossi Daniele , Guglielmetti Martina , Martelletti Paolo , Mennini Francesco Saverio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Migraine is one of the most common neurological diseases and an estimated 1.04 billion people worldwide have been diagnosed with migraine. Available data suggest that migraine is world widely associated with a high economic burden, but there is great variability in estimated costs that depends on the geographical, methodological and temporal differences between the studies. The purpose of this study was to quantify the annual direct cost of episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM), both for the patient and for the National Health System (NHS), using data from subjects who attended an Italian tertiary headache centre. Furthermore, we evaluated comparatively the impact of gender and age on the economic burden of migraine.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective and non-interventional observational analysis of the electronic medical records of subjects with EM and CM who consecutively attended the Regional Referral Headache Centre of Rome and undergoing continuous treatment in the 2 years prior to 31 January 2019. This approach was intended to prevent distorsions due to natural fluctuations in migraine status over time. The collected data included demographic characteristics, number of specialist visits, consumption of medications, diagnostic tests, accesses in the emergency department (ED) and days of hospitalization due to the pathology.

Results
Our sample consisted of 548 patients (85.4% women and 14.6% men): 65.5% had CM and 34.5% had EM. The average annual expenditure per patient was €1482. 82.8% of the total cost (€1227) was covered by the NHS. The main item of expenditure were medications that represented 86.8% (€1286), followed by specialist visits (10.2%), hospitalizations for (1.9%), diagnostic tests for (1%) and ED visits for (0.1%). Costs were significantly higher for women than men (€1517 vs. €1274, p = 0.013) and increased with age (p = 0.002). The annual direct cost of CM was 4.8-fold higher than that of EM (€2037 vs. €427, p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results provide a valuable estimate of the annual direct cost of CM and EM patients in the specific setting of a tertiary headache centre and confirm the high economic impact of migraine on both the NHS and patients.
Composite genome sequence of Bacillus clausii, a probiotic commercially available as Enterogermina®, and insights into its probiotic properties
Authors: Khatri Indu , Sharma Gaurav , Subramanian Srikrishna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome of the spore-forming strains ofBacillusprobiotics are marketed commercially as they survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions and bestow health benefits to the host.ResultsWe report the composite genome ofBacillus clausiiENTPro from a commercially available probiotic Enterogermina®and compare it with the genomes of otherBacillusprobiotics. We find that the members ofB. clausiispecies harbor high heterogeneity at the species as well as genus level. The genes conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline in theB. clausiiENTPro strain could be identified. The genes coding for the bacteriocin gallidermin, which prevents biofilm formation in the pathogensStaphylococcus aureusandS. epidermidis, were also identified. KEGG Pathway analysis suggested that the folate biosynthesis pathway, which depicts one of the important roles of probiotics in the host, is conserved completely inB. subtilisand minimally inB. clausiiand other probiotics.ConclusionsWe identified various antibiotic resistance, bacteriocins, stress-related, and adhesion-related domains, and industrially-relevant pathways, in the genomes of these probiotic bacteria that are likely to help them survive in the harsh gastrointestinal tract, facilitating adhesion to host epithelial cells, persistence during antibiotic treatment and combating bacterial infections.
Long-term impact of fecal transplantation in healthy volunteers
Authors: Goloshchapov Oleg V. , Olekhnovich Evgenii I. , Sidorenko Sergey V. , Moiseev Ivan S. , Kucher Maxim A. , Fedorov Dmitry E. , Pavlenko Alexander V. , Manolov Alexander I. , Gostev Vladimir V. , Veselovsky Vladimir A. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Kostryukova Elena S. , Bakin Evgeny A. , Shvetcov Alexander N. , Gumbatova Elvira D. , Klementeva Ruslana V. , Shcherbakov Alexander A. , Gorchakova Margarita V. , Egozcue Juan José , Pawlowsky-Glahn Vera , Suvorova Maria A. , Chukhlovin Alexey B. , Govorun Vadim M. , Ilina Elena N. , Afanasyev Boris V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been recently approved by FDA for the treatment of refractory recurrent clostridial colitis (rCDI). Success of FTM in treatment of rCDI led to a number of studies investigating the effectiveness of its application in the other gastrointestinal diseases. However, in the majority of studies the effects of FMT were evaluated on the patients with initially altered microbiota. The aim of our study was to estimate effects of FMT on the gut microbiota composition in healthy volunteers and to monitor its long-term outcomes.

Results
We have performed a combined analysis of three healthy volunteers before and after capsule FMT by evaluating their general condition, adverse clinical effects, changes of basic laboratory parameters, and several immune markers. Intestinal microbiota samples were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing. The data analysis demonstrated profound shift towards the donor microbiota taxonomic composition in all volunteers. Following FMT, all the volunteers exhibited gut colonization with donor gut bacteria and persistence of this effect for almost ∼1 year of observation. Transient changes of immune parameters were consistent with suppression of T-cell cytotoxicity. FMT was well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal adverse events, however, one volunteer developed a systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Conclusions
The FMT leads to significant long-term changes of the gut microbiota in healthy volunteers with the shift towards donor microbiota composition and represents a relatively safe procedure to the recipients without long-term adverse events.
Validation of serrated polyps (SPs) in Swedish pathology registers
Authors: Bozorg Soran R. , Song Mingyang , Emilsson Louise , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the natural history of serrated polyps (SPs), partly due to the lack of large-scale epidemiologic data. In this study, we examined the validity of SP identification according to SNOMED (Systematised Nomenclature of Medicine) codes and free text from colorectal histopathology reports.MethodsThrough the ESPRESSO (Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden) study, we retrieved data on SPs from all pathology departments in Sweden in 2015–2017 by using SNOMED codes and free-text search in colorectal histopathology reports. Randomly selected individuals with a histopathology report of SPs were validated against patient charts using a structured, retrospective review.ResultsSPs were confirmed in 101/106 individuals with a histopathology report of SPs, yielding a positive predictive value (PPV) of 95% (95%CI = 89–98%). By year of diagnosis, the PPV was 89% (95%CI = 69–97%), 96% (95%CI = 81–99%) and 97% (95%CI = 89–99%) for individuals diagnosed before 2001 (n = 19), between 2001 and 2010 (n = 26) and after 2010 (n = 61), respectively. According to search method, the PPV for individuals identified by SNOMED codes was 100% (95%CI = 93–100%), and 93% (95%CI = 86–97%) using free-text search. Recorded location (colon vs. rectum) was correct in 94% of all SP histopathology reports (95%CI = 84–98%) identified by SNOMED codes. Individuals with SPs were classified into hyperplastic polyps (n = 34; 32%), traditional serrated adenomas (n = 3; 3%), sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) (n = 70; 66%), unspecified SPs (n = 3, 3%), and false positive SPs (n = 5, 5%). For individuals identified by SNOMED codes, SSA/Ps were confirmed in 49/52 individuals, resulting in a PPV of 94% (95%CI: 84–98%). In total, 57% had ≥2 polyps (1:n = 44, 2–3:n = 33 and ≥ 4:n = 27). Some 46% of SPs (n = 71) originated from the proximal colon and 24% were ≥ 10 mm in size (n = 37). Heredity for colorectal cancer, intestinal polyposis syndromes, or both was reported in seven individuals (7%). Common comorbidities included diverticulosis (n = 45, 42%), colorectal cancer (n = 19, 18%), and inflammatory bowel disease (n = 10, 9%).ConclusionColorectal histopathology reports are a reliable data source to identify individuals with SPs.
Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women from Dhamar, Yemen
Authors: Al-Adhroey Abdulelah H. , Mehrass Amat Al-Khaleq O. , Al-Shammakh Abdulqawi A. , Ali Abdullatif D. , Akabat Mohammed Y. M. , Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasmosis is a common and serious parasitic infection caused by the ubiquitous obligatory intracellular protozoan organism,Toxoplasma gondii. Although infection withT. gondiiis usually asymptomatic in healthy individuals, it can lead to severe pathological effects in congenital cases and immunocompromised patients. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence ofT. gondiiand its predictors among pregnant women seeking prenatal and medical care at the general maternal and child health facility in Dhamar district of Dhamar governorate, Yemen.MethodsA total of 420 pregnant women were randomly selected for this cross-sectional study. Participants were screened for anti-T. gondiiantibodies (i.e. immunoglobulin M; IgM and immunoglobulin G; IgG) using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Demographic, socioeconomic, obstetric and behavioural data were collected using a pretested questionnaire via face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the independent predictors ofT. gondiiseroprevalence.ResultsThe overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondiiantibodies (IgG and/or IgM) among the participants was 21.2% (89/420; 95% CI = 17.3–25.1). Anti-T. gondiiIgG antibodies were detected in 20.0% (84/420) of the women of which 12.9% (54/420) were positive for only IgG and 7.1% (30/420) were positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. Moreover, 5 women (1.2%) were reactive only for IgM antibodies. Significant associations betweenT. gondiiseroprevalence and history of spontaneous abortion (P <  0.001), raw vegetables consumption (P = 0.036), and presence of cats in household (P = 0.049) were reported. Multivariate analysis confirmed that history of spontaneous abortion (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI = [2.46, 6.63]) and presence of cats in household (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI = [1.02, 3.07]) are significant predictors ofT. gondiiseroprevalence among the studied participants.ConclusionThe study found a high seroprevalence (21.2%) ofT. gondiiinfection during pregnancy in Dhamar district, which is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The provision of adequate maternal healthcare and health education pertaining to the prevention ofT. gondiiinfection is therefore imperative to curtail the prevalence of infection among the studied population.
Perinatal outcomes in Finnish twins: a retrospective study
Authors: Rissanen Annu-Riikka Susanna , Jernman Riina Maria , Gissler Mika , Nupponen Irmeli Katriina , Nuutila Mika Erkki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
To establish the changes in perinatal morbidity and mortality in twin pregnancies in Finland, a retrospective register research was conducted. Our extensive data from a 28-year study period provide important information on the outcome of twin pregnancies in Finland that has previously not been reported to this extent.

Methods
All 23,498 twin pregnancies with 46,996 children born in Finland during 1987–2014 were included in the study. Data were gathered from the Medical Birth Register and the Hospital Discharge Register (Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland) regarding perinatal mortality (PNM) and morbidity. For statistical analysis, binomial regression analysis and crosstabs were performed. The results are expressed in means, percentages and ranges with comparison to singletons when appropriate. Odds ratios from binomial regression analysis are reported. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
There were 46,363 liveborn and 633 stillborn twins in Finland during 1987–2014. Perinatal mortality decreased markedly, from 45.1 to 6.5 per 1000 for twin A and from 54.1 to 11.9 per 1000 for twin B during the study period. Yet, the PNM difference between twin A and B remained. Early neonatal mortality did not differ between twins, but has decreased in both. Asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, need for antibiotics and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay were markedly more common in twin B.

Conclusions
In Finland, PNM and early neonatal mortality in twins decreased significantly during 1987–2014 and are nowadays very low. However, twin B still faces more complications. The outline provided may be used to further improve the monitoring and thus perinatal outcome of twins, especially twin B.
Association between vitamin D plasma concentrations and VDR gene variants and the risk of premature birth
Authors: Dutra Letícia Veríssimo , Affonso-Kaufman Fernando Alves , Cafeo Fernanda Ramires , Kassai Milene Saori , Barbosa Caio Parente , Santos Figueiredo Francisco Winter , Suano-Souza Fabíola Isabel , Bianco Bianca 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Premature birth is the main cause of mortality in children under 1 year, and vitamin D deficiency during gestation is associated with prematurity. The effects of vitamin D are mediated by its receptor, which is encoded by the VDR gene. VDR variants—such as single nucleotide variation (SNV)—are associated with increased risk of prematurity, but there are conflicting results. We evaluated serum vitamin D concentrations and the frequency of TaqI/A > G, BsmI/C > T, ApaI/C > A, and FokI/A > T VDR variants in mothers and preterm (PTN) and full-term (FTN) newborns.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study comprising 40 pairs of mothers and their PTNs (gestational age < 32 weeks and/or weight < 1500 g), and 92 pairs of mothers and FTNs as controls. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR, and plasma vitamin D concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence.

Results
Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in PTN mothers. Genotypes TaqI/GG and BsmI/TT, and haplotypes AAG (TaqI/A-ApaI/A-FokI/G) and GCA (TaqI/G-ApaI/C-FokI/A) were significantly more frequent in PTN mothers, and genotypes TaqI/AG, ApaI/AA, and FokI/AG resulted in significantly lower vitamin D levels. Genotypes BsmI/TT and ApaI/AA were associated with vitamin D deficiency and 2.36 and 7.99 times greater likelihood of PTB, respectively. Vitamin D levels were also lower in PTNs, although it was not statistically significant. Genotypes BsmI/TT, ApaI/AA, and FokI/GG, and haplotype GAG (TaqI/G-ApaI/A-FokI/G) were significantly more frequent in PTNs. Those with FokI/GG genotypes had significantly lower vitamin D levels.

Conclusions
VDR variants contribute to variations in vitamin D concentrations and the increased risk of prematurity.
Phenomenology of being a safe taxi driver
Authors: Mehri Mahsa , Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Arghami Shirazeh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In developing countries, a great number of people typically utilize public transportation such as Taxis. Therefore, taxi drivers have an important role in residents’ well-being and safety. The aim of this study was to describe the subjective experiences and insights on safe driving among taxi drivers in Zanjan, Iran.

Method
In this qualitative study, 17 taxi drivers (23–54 years) were purposefully selected to participate in 11 semi-structured interviews, as well as one focus group (n = 6). The data was then analyzed based on a combination of Braun’s and Colaizzi’s methods.

Result
By analysis of the qualitative data, four main themes emerged from expressed experiences by taxi drivers, including 1) traffic chaos, 2) social prestige, 3) economic pressure, and 3) job satisfaction.

Conclusion
The emerging concepts of the present study imply a threefold structure of existence, which introduced by Heidegger, as taxi drivers’ (the self) feelings and experiences of being under pressure of traffic chaos (the world), accompanied by low social prestige, economic pressure and job dissatisfaction (being in). Thus, strategic planning for traffic safety should consider taxi drivers’ needs to feel a friendly world, as well as, to find themselves in a respectful and supportive environment.
Gorham-Stout disease of the malleolus: a rare case report
Authors: Zheng Chuanxi , Tang Fan , Min Li , Zhou Yong , Luo Yi , Tu Chongqi , Zhang Shiquan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Gorham-Stout disease, also known as vanishing bone disease, idiopathic massive osteolysis, is a rare entity of unknown etiopathology. This disease is characterized by destruction of osseous matrix and proliferation of lymphatic vascular structures and associated with massive regional osteolysis. It has a variable clinical presentation and is commonly considered as a benign disease with a progressive tendency and an unpredictable prognosis. The diagnosis is made by exclusion and based on combination with histological, radiological, and clinical features. Despite that several therapeutic options have shown certain efficacy, the effective treatment still remains controversial and there is no standard treatment to be recommended.

Case presentation
A previously healthy 40-year-old man presented with right lateral malleolus pain after an ankle sprain and was referred to our hospital. The radiographs indicated rapid massive bone destruction in the distal right lateral malleolus with an unclear margin. Based on the combination with histological, radiological, and clinical features, the diagnosis of Gorham-Stout disease was made. Considering that the residual function of malleolus had to be protected, prior bisphosphonate was used to control the progression of lesion, followed by surgical resection and biological reconstruction with autologous fibular bone grafting. The patient was followed up 8 years after surgery, he presented without progression and recurrence.

Conclusions
We depict a case of Gorham-Stout disease at the right lateral malleolus and was successfully controlled by medication and surgical intervention. Based on the prior effective medical treatment, resection with biological reconstruction is a useful approach to treat Graham-Stout disease in bone.
Infection prevention preparedness and practices for female sterilization services within primary care facilities in Northern India
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Gautam Abhishek , Dey Arnab , Saith Ruhi , Uttamacharya  , Achyut Pranita , Gautam Vandana , Agarwal Dinesh , Chakraverty Amit , Mozumdar Arupendra , Aruldas Kumudha , Verma Ravi , Nanda Priya , Krishnan Suneeta , Saggurti Niranjan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2014, 16 women died following female sterilization operations in Bilaspur, a district in central India. In addition to those 16 deaths, 70 women were hospitalized for critical conditions (Sharma, Lancet 384,2014). Although the government of India’s guidelines for female sterilization mandate infection prevention practices, little is known about the extent of infection prevention preparedness and practice during sterilization procedures that are part of the country’s primary health care services. This study assesses facility readiness for infection prevention and adherence to infection prevention practices during female sterilization procedures in rural northern India.MethodThe data for this study were collected in 2016–2017 as part of a family planning quality of care survey in selected public health facilities in Bihar (n = 100), and public (n = 120) and private health facilities (n = 97) in Uttar Pradesh. Descriptive analysis examined the extent of facility readiness for infection prevention (availability of handwashing facilities, new or sterilized gloves, antiseptic lotion, and equipment for sterilization). Correlation and multivariate statistical methods were used to examine the role of facility readiness and provider behaviors on infection prevention practices during female sterilization.ResultAcross the three health sectors, 62% of facilities featured all four infection prevention components. Sterilized equipment was lacking in all three health sectors. In facilities with all four components, provider adherence to infection prevention practices occurred in only 68% of female sterilization procedures. In Bihar, 76% of public health facilities evinced all four components of infection prevention, and in those facilities provider’s adherence to infection prevention practices was almost universal. In Uttar Pradesh, where only 55% of public health facilities had all four components, provider adherence to infection prevention practices occurred in only 43% of female sterilization procedures.ConclusionThe findings suggest that facility preparedness for infection prevention does play an important role in provider adherence to infection prevention practices. This phenomenon is not universal, however. Not all doctors from facilities prepared for infection prevention adhere to the practices, highlighting the need to change provider attitudes. Unprepared facilities need to procure required equipment and supplies to ensure the universal practice of infection prevention.
A network view of microRNA and gene interactions in different pathological stages of colon cancer
Authors: Wen Jia , Hall Benika , Shi Xinghua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundColon cancer is one of the common cancers in human. Although the number of annual cases has decreased drastically, prognostic screening and translational methods can be improved. Hence, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease progression and prognosis.ResultsIn this study, we develop a new strategy for integrating microRNA and gene expression profiles together with clinical information toward understanding the regulation of colon cancer. Particularly, we use this approach to identify microRNA and gene expression networks that are specific to certain pathological stages. To demonstrate the application of our method, we apply this approach to identify microRNA and gene interactions that are specific to pathological stages of colon cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets.ConclusionsOur results show that there are significant differences in network connections between miRNAs and genes in different pathological stages of colon cancer. These findings point to a hypothesis that these networks signify different roles of microRNA and gene regulation in the pathogenesis and tumorigenesis of colon cancer.