bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies from the Norwegian Twin Registry on risk factors for health related work incapacity
Authors: Orstavik R , Seglem K , Gjerde L C , Torvik F , Røysamb E , Reichborn-Kjennerud T , Vollrath M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
For the past decade, researchers from the Nordic countries have taken the advantage of their large twin cohorts and reliable official registries to deepen our understanding of sick leave and disability pension. This presentation will give a brief summary of studies based on data from The Norwegian Twin Registry (NTR).

Methods
Monozygotic twins develop from one fertilized egg cell and are genetically identical, while dizygotic twins are the result of two fertilized egg cells and share, as ordinary siblings, in average 50% of their segregating genes. With data from large cohorts of twins reared together, it is possible to calculate the proportion of variance in an outcome that stems from genetic, shared and non-shared environmental factors respectively. Furthermore, when exploring the contribution from measured risk factors on specific outcomes, adjustment for unmeasured confounders (genes and shared environment) can bring us closer to determine causality in epidemiological studies. Both methods were applied in our studies. NTR now includes data from about 30 000 twins, but until recently we focused on a subsample of about 8 000 young adults (born 1967-1979). Data from questionnaires and interviews were linked to registries on sick leave and disability pension.

Results
In line with previous studies, we found that the liability to sick leave and disability pensioning, as well as the transition from the former to the latter, was strongly to moderately influenced by genetic factors. We found no evidence for “social transmission”, e.g. that environmental factors shared by the twins contributed to these outcomes. Further details and results from studies on measured risk factors, with emphasize on mental health, will be presented at the conference.

Conclusions
Twin studies cast light on different aspects of work incapacity, including reducing stigma such as those associated with theories of social transmission of health related benefits.
The preventive health care act and the future forum public health in Germany
Authors: De Bock F , Shajanian Zarneh Y , Matusall S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The public health system in Germany, similar to education and cultural affairs, is characterised by the federal structure. It is mainly regulated and decided at the state and municipal level, and not primarily at the national level.
The preventive health care act (The Act to Strengthen Health Promotion and Preventive Health Care) (2015) underlines the setting-based approach of health promotion and takes a life course perspective by recommending goals of growing up healthy, living and working healthy and healthy ageing. The act formulates broad recommendations for prevention and health promotion at the national level, that in turn take on concrete forms in mandatory framework agreements at the federal state level with uniform health objectives. On the whole, the key objective of the act is to improve preventive health care and general health promotion. Also the financing of the act by the mandatory health insurance is a special feature and at the same time a novelty.
At the same time a bottom-up project has been recently launched with the aim to develop a public health strategy in Germany. The project future forum public health (ZfPH) is a platform for public health professionals, researchers and students following incorporated concepts of policy analysis as well as methods that will ensure participation, transparency and transferability of the results into policy and practice. Over the next three years, ZfPH’s steering group will moderate a participatory process, including stakeholders from public health practice and research as well as policy makers. In an evidence-based approach, they will first analyse the current state of Germany’s public health system before developing concrete policy recommendations for a coherent and efficient public health system.
The presentation will give a short overview over the German public health system and the preventive health care act, its structure and the achievements as well as the bottom-up project future forum public health.
The co-design approach in the MIWOCA project
Authors: Frahsa A , Farquet R , Abel T 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

MIWOCA study group

Background
The project MIWOCA researches how chronically ill women of Portuguese, Turkish and German origin and women without a migration background subjectively experience, understand, interpret and use the Swiss health care system.

Methods
We conducted 48 qualitative semi-structured interviews with chronically ill women between the ages of 23 and 85 in Bern and Geneva (n = 36 with German, Portuguese and Turkish migrant backgrounds) and n = 12 Swiss women. In addition, n = 12 stakeholder interviews were conducted (doctors, nurses, social workers, psychologists, physiotherapists). In focus groups with interviewed women in Bern and Geneva, results are reflected back, identified topics from the interviews prioritized and representatives named for the cooperative planning. In a participatory planning approach, affected women in the canton of Bern, together with stakeholders from the Swiss healthcare system selected by a systematic stakeholder analysis (e.g. Swiss Medical Association, Red Cross Switzerland, Spitex, Federal Office of Public Health), develop recommendations for improving the quality of care and concrete dissemination strategies.

Results
Interviewees had multiple and chronic diseases and resulting extensive experience with the Swiss healthcare system. Relevant aspects referred to issues such as quality of specific services, complexity of the healthcare system, costs of care, role of family and social support, and multidimensional stigmatization (migration, chronic illness, alleged overuse of the care system). Findings are incorporated in evidence briefs and narrative stories for focus groups and participatory planning.

Conclusions
MIWOCA contributes to a targeted and differentiated improvement of structures and options for action in health care for specific groups. Results will be relevant for planning in the health system and may be incorporated into academic teaching and practical training in PH, medicine and social sciences.
Populist radical right parties, welfare policy and population health in Europe
Authors: Rinaldi C , Bekker M P M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The political system is an important influencing factor for population health but is often neglected in the public health literature. This scoping review uses insights from political science to explore the possible public health consequences of the rise of populist radical right (PRR) parties in Europe, with welfare state policy as a proxy. The aim is to generate hypotheses about the relationship between the PRR, political systems and public health.

Methods
A literature search on PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar resulted in 110 original research articles addressing 1) the relationship between the political system and welfare state policy/population health outcomes or 2) the relationship between PRR parties and welfare state policy/population health outcomes in Europe.

Results
The influence of political parties on population health seems to be mediated by welfare state policies. Early symptoms point towards possible negative effects of the PRR on public health, by taking a welfare chauvinist position. Despite limited literature, there are preliminary indications that the effect of PRR parties on health and welfare policy depends on vote-seeking or office-seeking strategies and may be mediated by the political system in which they act. Compromises with coalition partners, electoral institutions and the type of healthcare system can either restrain or exacerbate the effects of the PRR policy agenda. EU laws and regulations can to some extent restrict the nativist policy agenda of PRR parties.

Conclusions
The relationship between the PRR and welfare state policy seems to be mediated by the political system, meaning that the public health consequences will differ by country. Considering the increased popularity of populist parties in Europe and the possibly harmful consequences for public health, there is a need for further research on the link between the PRR and public health.
Workshop: New born screening in neuromuscular diseases
Authors:   Organised by: AFM Telethon
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the field of incurable neuromuscular diseases, the access to therapeutics is becoming a reality for some of them and some trials are on the way for the others. More precisely, all recent studies show the more effectiveness of these innovative therapies if administered early or pre-symptomatic stage of these diseases. For example, infant spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is the most advanced with AMM treatment, several others, including gene therapy, in clinical trials, and three trials of pre-symptomatic administration. This makes this new-born screening a major public health issue with a diagnosis using molecular biology tools.
In this context, the French Muscular Dystrophy Association (AFM-Telethons) and the French muscular disorders network (FILNEMUS) with others associations and partners want to be a force for proposals in this area.
Speakers: Vincent Laugel
CHU Strasbourg
Christian Cottet Général
Director AFM Téléthon
Jean-François Malaterre
Vice Président AFM-téléthon
Brigitte Chabrol
AP-HM Marseille
Workshop: Terrorist attacks and aftercare
Authors:   Organised by: EUPHA (PMH) Chair persons: Jutta Lindert - EUPHA (PMH), Johan Bilsen - Belgium
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In recent years several European countries have been confronted with terrorist attacks. Since the Oklahoma City Bombing in 1995, there has been a growing evidence of trauma-research showing that survivors and witnesses of such attacks not only are affected physically, often with serous injuries, but also often experience severe mental health problems, such as PTSD, depression, or anxiety, which can take months or years to fade away. Moreover, such impact not only affect directly involved, but also indirectly involved persons (e.g. relatives of victims) and even the broader population. Terrorism has become a public health issue, challenging researchers to profoundly study determinants of terrorism as well as the ways of how to organise and install adequate preparedness before and proper responses and effective healthcare for populations in need after an attack.
Until now, aftercare for people directly or indirectly affected by terrorist attacks and for the broader population gets rather little scientific attention. How did the health care services respond to such attacks? How should they respond and why? Were these services adequately prepared? Have survivors sought out help themselves? While there is an increasing body of knowledge on the association between a terrorist attack and PTSD, depression or other mental health problems, there is little known on the psychological aid that was given, and to whom this was given.
In this workshop, research findings on aftercare after terrorism will be presented and discussed. Four researchers from three different European countries confronted with terrorist attacks in recent years (France, Belgium and Norway) will present their findings. Dr. Cécile Vuillermoz will present data on the immediate and long-term aftercare for civilians following the attacks on Charlie Hebdo in January 2015 in France, while Dr. Stephanie Vandentorren will present data on the psychosocial aid provided to directly exposed, witnesses and relatives after these attacks. Drs. Roel Van Overmeire will focus on the psychosocial aid offered to rescue workers shortly after the attacks in Belgium, and the months and years after. Finally, Dr. Lise Eilin Stene will give a presentation on current problems of healthcare in Europe in reaching those inflicted by terrorism and other traumatic events, while pointing to solutions and challenges for the future.

Key messages
More research is necessary to find adequate ways of reaching vulnerable people in need of psychosocial aid after terrorist attacks. More scientific insight is needed in the mental health impact of and the proper psychosocial aid response after large-scale traumatic events, in the direct aftermath as well as in the long term.
Governance of collection, use and storage of RWD in the view of data protection concerns
Authors: Shabani M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/problem
Collection, storage and sharing RWD raise concerns regarding the privacy, data protection and governance of access. To date, the concerns related to consent and adequate safeguards for data protection in conventional research and health care settings are being discussed in details in the literature. However, collection of RWD from individuals fuels questions regarding the applicability of the regulations for human subjects’ research and personal data protection.

Description of the problem
The data collected in the framework of RWD need to be protected in line with the overarching principles of human subjects research and personal data protection regulations such as the EU General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR). In particular, the purposes of data collection, potential further uses, duration of storage of data and the authorized users’ access to data should be managed in compliance with applicable data protection regulations. In addition, the adequate models for de-identifications of data should be used in compliance with the applicable data protection regulations. Ethical oversight on the process of data collection, storage and use should also be scrutinized.

Effects/changes
In order to respect the privacy rights of the patients, it is essential to first identify the potential risks and assess the adequacy of the existing safeguards in protecting the privacy of the patients.

Lessons
The effectiveness of the current access governance in the context of RWD should be assessed and the required safeguards to be proposed.
Critical thinking on strengthening the NGO contribution to improve solidarity in public health
Authors: Aslan D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Issue/background
Public health values transdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and interdisciplinary perspectives. This background always advocates solidarity which usually finds its positive reflections in the society with the support of many institutional bodies including Non-governmental organization (NGO) movements. which move up solidarity. Globally, NGOs are represented by societies and associations. Turkey is one of the countries which NGO movement is frequent. Turkish NGOs in (public) health may vary on their vision(s) and mission(s). Such variety seems to be “good”; thus, complexity and duplications may occur when a strong systematic ground is not provided. In this paper, a systematic on the functionality of NGOs will be proposed to make the NGO movement more inclusive, accessible, transparent, and auditable in order to support solidarity using the experience of a local case.

Results
The number of the societies is high in Turkey and they have a wide range of working area including health. Officially they are recorded in the Turkish Ministry of Internal Affairs (MoIA) and can be accessed via the website of the MoIA. There are about 300 000 societies which 116 000 of them are active. The majority of them are founded in big cities. Societies working on health focuses on different areas including professionalism, prevention, rehabilitation, etc. Such varieties may have the potential to create difficulty to follow up their work in a systematic manner.

Lessons
As NGO/civil society movement is crucial for public health, the proposed steps may contribute to improve/support solidarity on any advocative work on health: To maintain transparency, and auditabilityTo develop methods to prevent duplicative workTo develop accessible “common” platforms to share experiencesTo improve adaptation capacity in the face of new requirementsTo improve networking among NGOsTo improve the global perspective as well as the local one

Key messages
Solidarity in public health can be achieved with the help of systematic and powerful NGO/civil society movement. Global needs and changes influence civil society dynamics and NGOs should be open to be updated in the face of new requirements.
Improving Health Care Management in Primary Care for Homeless People: A Literature Review
Authors: Jego M , Abcaya J , Calvet-montredon C , Gentile S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Homeless people have poorer health status than the general population. They need complex care management, because of associated medical troubles (somatic and psychiatric) and social difficulties. However, they face multiple difficulties in accessing primary health care and receive less preventive health care than the general population.

Methods
We performed a literature review that included articles which described and evaluated primary care programs for homeless people. We searched into the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, COCHRANE library, and Cairn.info databases primary articles published between 1 January 2012 and 15 December 2016. We also performed a grey literature search, and we added relative articles as we read the references of the selected articles. We described the main characteristics of the primary care programs presented in the selected articles. Then we classified these characteristics in main categories, as a descriptive thematic analysis. Secondarily, we synthetized the main results about the evaluation of each intervention or organization.

Results
Most of the programs presented a team-based approach, multidisciplinary and/or integrated care. They often proposed co-located services between somatic health services, mental health services and social support services. They also tried to answer to the specific needs of homeless people. Some characteristics of these programs were associated with significant positive outcomes: tailored primary care organizations, clinic orientation, multidisciplinary team-based models which included primary care physicians and clinic nurses, integration of social support, and engagement in the community’s health.

Conclusions
Primary health care programs that aimed at taking care of the homeless people should emphasize a multidisciplinary approach and should consider an integrated (mental, somatic and social) care model.

Key messages
To improve the health care management of homeless people it seems necessary to priorize multidisciplinary approach, integrated care, involve community health and answer their specific needs. It is necessary to evaluate more non-tailored primary care programs that collaborate with tailored structures.
Impact of macro-socioeconomic determinants on perinatal healthcare quality for very preterm infants
Authors: Doetsch J , Marques S C S , Krafft T , Barros H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The WHO identified the importance of macro-socioeconomic determinants and the political context as interlinked key factors affecting health equity. The 2008 economic crisis was associated with a significant low-birth-weight increase in Portugal, 2007-2014. The Economic Adjustment Programme (EAP), implemented to economize non-essential health care costs (2011-2014), substantially affected healthcare delivery and occupational environment of Healthcare Professionals (HCPs). This study aims to analyse the impact observed by HCPs of the economic crisis and EAP on equitable quality of perinatal healthcare for very preterm infants in Portugal.
A Qualitative study design with 21 HCPs in clinical settings equally distributed among Portuguese mainland were selected according to their response. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2018-April 2019 until saturation point was achieved. A content analysis was performed using Nvivo2011 software.
Preliminary results on macro-socioeconomic determinants, classified and conceptualized into a three-stage-effect framework, disclosed an interrelation between factors impacting perinatal healthcare quality, according to HCPs. Primary-stage: increase in working hours and patient-ratio per HCPs, cuts in salaries and investment, increasing waiting time and HCPs demotivation. Secondary-stage: burnout, work-absence, time constraints, decreasing quality and consultation availability. Tertiary-stage: HCPs Brain-drain to private sector, double-shifts in public-private sector, increasing inadequacy of transmissivity within sector communication.
The economic crisis and EAP were perceived to have modified equitable perinatal healthcare quality for very preterm infants in Portugal. Increased private-public sector transparency to maximise quality assurance, equal HCP wage distribution to sustain capability, strengthening of social maternity protection strategies to enhance socioeconomic equity in perinatal healthcare, is recommended.

Key messages
The added value is the disclosure of an in-depth understanding on the interrelation of macro-socioeconomic determinants and healthcare permitting a distinct representation from quantitative methods. The non-linearity between policy response and expected outcomes chiefly complements its comprehension and demonstrates its relevance for further research on assessing effects of austerity measures.
Increase of tuberculosis incidence in Ile-de-France region and the role of recent migration
Authors: Silue Y , Lepoutre A , Mounchetrou-Njoya I , Lapora S , Calba C , Guthmann J P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In metropolitan France and in the Ile-de-France region, the incidence of tuberculosis has globally decreased since the year 2000 and has stabilized from 2011 to 2015. This study analysed the evolution of tuberculosis in the Ile-de-France region between 2015 and 2017.

Methods
We analysed tuberculosis cases reported in Ile-de-France from 2015 to 2017; 2015 was considered as the baseline year. Incidence rates of reported tuberculosis cases were estimated using French census data for the corresponding year for the denominator. Age-standardized rates were estimated for each of the 8 departments of the region based on the Ile-de-France region population. Foreigners’ population was based on the 2015 French census data. Differences in incidence and proportions were tested with the CHI2 statistic (STATA® v14.0).

Results
The incidence of tuberculosis increased in the Ile-de-France region from 14.6 to 15.8/100 000 pop. between 2015 and 2017 (+8.2%, p &lt; 0.01). In this region, all department’s incidence were above 10/100 000 pop. in 2017. Sub-regional disparities were observed, with an important increase of the incidence in Paris, from 13,5 to 16.8/100 000 pop. between 2015 and 2017 (p &lt; 0,01). The incidence rates among foreigners increased from 44.6 to 51.7/100 000 pop. (p &lt; 0.01) and the proportion of tuberculosis cases among foreigners who arrived in France less than 2 years ago increased from 23% to 32% (p &lt; 0.01), between 2015 and 2017. The incidence rates of tuberculosis cases increased particularly in men, foreigners, and recent migrants.

Conclusions
The incidence of tuberculosis increased in the Ile-de-France region in 2016 and 2017, particularly in newly arrived migrants. This situation requires actions to better detect and manage tuberculosis in this specific population.

Key messages
The incidence of tuberculosis increased in the Ile-de-France region. The incidence of tuberculosis increased in vulnerable population in relation with recent migration.