bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methoxyacetic acid inhibits histone deacetylase and impairs axial elongation morphogenesis of mouse gastruloids in a retinoic acid signaling‐dependent manner
Authors: Li Aileen S. W. , Marikawa Yusuke 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTeratogenic potential has been linked to various industrial compounds. Methoxyacetic acid (MAA) is a primary metabolite of the widely used organic solvent and plasticizer, methoxyethanol and dimethoxyethyl phthalate, respectively. Studies using model animals have shown that MAA acts as the proximate teratogen that causes various malformations in developing embryos. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms by which MAA exerts its teratogenic effects are not fully understood.MethodsGastruloids of mouse P19C5 pluripotent stem cells, which recapitulate axial elongation morphogenesis of gastrulation‐stage embryos, were explored as an in vitro model to investigate the teratogenic action of MAA. Morphometric parameters of gastruloids were measured to evaluate the morphogenetic effect, and transcript levels of various developmental regulator genes were examined to assess the impact on gene expression patterns. The effects of MAA on the level of retinoic acid (RA) signaling and histone deacetylase activity were also measured.ResultsMAA reduced axial elongation of gastruloids at concentrations comparable to the teratogenic plasma level (5 mM) in vivo. MAA at 4 mM significantly altered the expression profiles of developmental regulator genes. In particular, it upregulated the RA signaling target genes. The concomitant suppression of RA signaling using a pharmacological agent alleviated the morphogenetic effect of MAA. MAA at 4 mM also significantly reduced the activity of purified histone deacetylase protein.ConclusionsMAA impaired axial elongation morphogenesis in a RA signaling‐dependent manner in mouse gastruloids, possibly through the inhibition of histone deacetylase.
A case of insulinoma effectively treated with low‐dose diazoxide
Authors: Yasuda Atsushi , Seki Toshiro , Kitajima Natsumi , Baba Tanefumi , Sasaki Noriko , Kametani Yoshie , Seki Masami , Tanaka Kazuko , Oki Masayuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDiazoxide is a benzothiadiazine that can be effective in managing hypoglycemia in frail patients with surgical risk. We report here a case of insulinoma effectively treated with diazoxide, as our report will be helpful for similar cases.
Sulfur Incorporation in Hierarchical TiO2 Nanosheet/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids for Improved Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Jiang Keliang , Niu Yongjian , Fang Dong , Zhang Linlin , Wang Cheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo boost the lithium storage performance of TiO2, sulfur was homogeneously incorporated into the hybrids of hierarchical TiO2 nanosheets and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through a solvothermal‐calcination process. The resulting 0D‐2D‐1D architecture endowed the hybrids with considerable interfaces for lithium accommodation and shortened pathways for lithium diffusion. Moreover, the interplane spacings of TiO2 and CNTs were expanded and their electronic structures were modified atomically, owing to partial sulfur substitution for oxygen and carbon. Benefitting from the simultaneous acceleration of lithium and electron transport as well as the dominated capacitive charge storage mechanism, lithium‐ion batteries based on S−TiO2/CNTs delivered an initial discharge capacity of 870.4 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, a high‐rate capacity of 119.3 mAh g−1 at 5.0 A g−1 and a reversible capacity of 195.5 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 after 700 cycles, far superior to the counterpart without sulfur doping and comparable to most reported TiO2‐based nanostructures.
Qualitative analysis of NET‐BOWTIE risk model of dehydration and dehydrocarbon station based on improved compression algorithm
Authors: Wei Wan , Zhanghua Lian , Xingyu Peng , Dongchi Yao , Chang Liu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe oil‐gas gathering and transportation station is the key to the oil and gas gathering and transportation in the whole onshore oil and gas field, and also the high risk. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the risk of oil and gas gathering and transportation station and take corresponding measures according to the result. Based on the bowtie model, the left‐wing is replaced by Bayesian network, and the uncertainty factor is considered. In the process of Bayesian network to the right event tree, the bowtie barrier is added to construct the Net‐bowtie improved model. The dynamic change model is used to consider the real‐time changes of basic events into Bayesian networks. Based on the improved compression algorithm, the conditional probability table is encoded and compressed so as to store the data. Finally, the practical application of the dehydration and degassing station of the Net‐bowtie model is given, and the data storage space saving of the improved compression algorithm is validated. This model has been used in the field of dehydration and degassing stations of the DND Gas Field and the corrosion reliability of the northeastern Sichuan gas
mine.
Intersection collision avoidance in dedicated short‐range communication using vehicle ad hoc network
Authors: SenthamilSelvan R. , Wahidabanu R. S. D. , Karthik B. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThe vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) is familiar to develop safe transportation by appropriate message dispersion to VANETs for several years since the distribution type of networks able to contribute important developments in terms of road security, where the most of contracts accepted flooding approaches to warn all the knobs, as well as the traffic controls and the accident. The proposed solution is examine a scheme where one or more transports impending a crossroad are instrumented with leased minimum range communications via an on‐board unit (OBU). If it is a roadside unit shows at the crossroad try to receive Most Significant Bit broadcasted from OBUs on to 6.9 GHz bandwidth predicted for intelligent transport system applications. The normal information architecture to basic safety message (BSM). If reliability and accuracy to localization message include with BSM is reliant on the global positioning system (GPS) OBU and the system reliable sources. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is the approved GPS adjustments for related transport uses. The WAAS contributes GPS adjustments to our OBU, which decreases the anxiety in the location calculates to at most 3 to 4 m in longitude and latitude. This new solution contributes sufficient location data and efficiency to support basic network operations. Finally, the data analyses are notified with the help of NS‐2.
UGT1A3 and Sex Are Major Determinants of Telmisartan Pharmacokinetics—A Comprehensive Pharmacogenomic Study
Authors: Hirvensalo Päivi , Tornio Aleksi , Launiainen Terhi , Paile‐Hyvärinen Maria , Tapaninen Tuija , Neuvonen Mikko , Backman Janne T. , Niemi Mikko 
Published: June 2020

To investigate how variability in multiple pharmacokinetic genes associates with telmisartan exposure, we determined telmisartan single‐dose (40 mg) pharmacokinetics and sequenced 379 genes in 188 healthy volunteers. Intronic UGT1A variants showed the strongest associations with the area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from zero hours to infinity (AUC0–∞) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of telmisartan. These variants were strongly linked with the increased function UGT1A3*2 allele, suggesting that it is the causative allele underlying these associations. In addition, telmisartan plasma concentrations were lower in men than in women. The UGT1A3*2 was associated with a 64% and 63% reduced AUC0‐∞ of telmisartan in UGT1A3*2 heterozygous and homozygous men, respectively (P = 1.21 × 10−16 and 5.21 × 10−8). In women, UGT1A3*2 heterozygosity and homozygosity were associated with 57% (P = 1.54 × 10−11) and 72% (P = 3.31 × 10−15) reduced AUC0‐∞, respectively. Furthermore, a candidate gene analysis suggested an association of UGT1A3*3 and the SLCO1B3 c.767G>C missense variant with telmisartan pharmacokinetics. A genotype score, which reflects the effects of sex and genetic variants on telmisartan AUC0–∞, associated with the effect of telmisartan on diastolic blood pressure. These data indicate that sex and UGT1A3 are major determinants and suggest a role for OATP1B3 in telmisartan pharmacokinetics.
Cocrystalline Synthesis of ZSM‐5/ZSM‐11 and Catalytic Activity for Methanol to Propylene
Authors: Tao Jiayi , Zhang Jianli , Fan Su‐Bing , Gao Xinhua , Ma Qingxiang , Zhao Tian‐Sheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCocrystalline ZSM‐5/ZSM‐11 zeolite is hydrothermally synthesized at crystallization temperatures of 170 and 130 °C, respectively, in order to regulate the acidity as well as the framework Al distribution to enhance the propylene formation from methanol. ZSM‐5/11‐170 has analogous textural properties to ZSM‐5 but with increased strong Brønsted acid amount, raising the propylene selectivity by 49% in the methanol to propylene reaction at 480 °C, attributed to the increasing Al distribution in the straight channels by introduction of ZSM‐11 into ZSM‐5. With crystallization to 130 °C, the strong Brønsted acid amount of ZSM‐5/11‐130 is decreased by 82% compared with ZSM‐5/11‐170. The selectivity of propylene is increased to 38.25%, along with the decrease in the selectivity of ethylene and C5–C9.
Single‐dose administration of clenbuterol is detectable in dried blood spots
Authors: Solheim Sara Amalie , Jessen Søren , Mørkeberg Jakob , Thevis Mario , Dehnes Yvette , Eibye Kasper , Hostrup Morten , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClenbuterol is a β2‐agonist prescribed for asthmatic patients in some countries. Based on its anabolic and lipolytic effects observed in studies on rodents and in livestock destined for food production, clenbuterol is abused by bodybuilders and athletes seeking leanness. Urinary clenbuterol analysis is part of routine doping analysis. However, the collection of urine samples is time‐consuming and can be intimidating for athletes. Dried blood spot (DBS) appears attractive as an alternative matrix, but the detectability of clenbuterol in humans through DBS has not been investigated. This study evaluated if clenbuterol could be detected in DBS and urine collected from six healthy men after oral intake of 80 μg clenbuterol. The DBS and urine samples were collected at 0, 3, 8, 24, and 72 h post‐ingestion, with additional urine collections on days 7 and 10. Using LC–MS/MS, it was shown that clenbuterol could be detected in all DBS samples for 24 h post‐ingestion and with 50% sensitivity 3 days after ingestion. The DBS method was 100% specific. Evaluation of analyte stability showed that clenbuterol is stable in DBS for at least 365 days at room temperature when using desiccant and avoiding light exposure. In urine, clenbuterol was detectable for at least 7–10 days after ingestion. Urinary clenbuterol concentrations below 5 ng/mL were present in some subjects 24 h after administration. Collectively, these data indicate that DBS are suitable for routine doping control analysis of clenbuterol with a detection window of at least 3 days after oral administration of 80 μg.
Moving from “I know it when I see it” to an empirical classification of severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: Commentary on Wonderlich et al. (2020)
Authors: Wildes Jennifer E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSevere and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE‐AN) is well known to clinicians who treat eating disorders, especially in adults, yet an empirically validated definition of SE‐AN is lacking. Current approaches to delineating SE‐AN rely on expert opinion, and there is little consensus regarding the criteria that distinguish SE‐AN from other clinical presentations or the thresholds that define the boundaries of severity and enduringness. Empirical classification techniques and clinical staging frameworks that incorporate biomarkers offer intriguing alternatives to expert consensus in refining the definition of SE‐AN. Empirical approaches, such as latent class analysis and taxometric analysis, have contributed to advances in eating disorders classification, including support for distinctions between eating disorder classes. Likewise, clinical staging models are being applied to other psychiatric disorders and offer a framework for incorporating biological indices of illness progression, such as neurocognitive changes, into a definition of SE‐AN. Though some of these methods (e.g., biomarkers) are a long way from being realized, the need for an evidence‐based approach to classifying SE‐AN is clear. Without it, the challenges outlined by Wonderlich et al. (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2020) will be difficult to resolve, and the burden of SE‐AN on patients, their loved ones, and the healthcare system will continue.
Major depressive disorder and impaired health‐related quality of life among US older adults
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Steffens David C. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo examine the association of current and past major depressive disorder (MDD) and measures of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in a nationally representative sample of older adults.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of the 2012 to 2013 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Wave III (NESARC‐III) was used. NESARC‐III is a nationally representative health interview survey on substance use and mental health in the US, and we limited our sample to survey respondents aged 65 or older (n = 5806 unweighted). Using DSM‐5 criteria, we identified older adults with current MDD, past MDD (ie, prior but not current MDD), and no history of MDD. Using standardized algorithms, we also constructed HRQOL measures: mental component summary (MCS), physical component summary (PCS), and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). We performed multivariable‐adjusted linear regression analyzes to assess the associations of MDD types with HRQOL measures while adjusting for socio‐demographics and clinical co‐morbidities.ResultsOverall, 14.4% of the older adults, representative of 6.0 million nationwide, met criteria for lifetime MDD. About 2.2 million older adults (5.4%) had current MDD and 3.7 million older adults (9.0%) had past MDD. Older adults with current or past MDD had a moderate difference in HRQOL measures compared with never depressed (Cohen's d measures ranging from −1.02 to −0.07). When controlling for other covariates, MCS and QALYs measures were lowest in the current MDD group.ConclusionCurrent MDD is associated with significantly lower HRQOL than never MDD, while adults with past MDD had minor (often insignificant) residual impairment in HRQOL.
Low Complement C4 Predicts Improvement of Kidney Function After Direct‐Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Sise Meghan E. , Strohbehn Ian , Chute Donald , Corey Kathleen E. , Fusco Dahlene N. , Sabbisetti Venkata S , Waikar Sushrut S. , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: June 2020

Direct‐acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) may improve kidney function and proteinuria in certain patients with hepatitis C infection (HCV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). To improve our understanding of HCV‐mediated kidney dysfunction, we aimed to evaluate the baseline predictors of improvement in proteinuria after DAAs in a single‐arm, pilot, clinical trial of ledipasvir 90 mg/sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily for patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 infection and proteinuric CKD (≥300 mg proteinuria per gram creatinine). Plasma biomarkers of complement system (C3 and C4) and urinary kidney injury biomarkers were measured at baseline, 8 weeks on treatment, 12 weeks following treatment, and 1 year following treatment. We then conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients at Partners Healthcare who had baseline complement component 4 (C4) measured before DAAs for HCV and evaluated the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after therapy. Ten patients with HCV and proteinuric CKD were enrolled in the trial. The mean age was 64 years, 70% male, 70% white, and 30% black. Baseline creatinine was 1.25 mg/dL (SD 0.44), eGFR was 65 mL/min/1.73 m2 (SD 29), and proteinuria was 0.98 g/g creatinine (SD 0.7). Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks was achieved by 80% of patients. Patients with low baseline C4 had improved proteinuria, urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin, and interleukin‐18 after ledipasvir and sofosbuvir treatment. The retrospective study included 50 patients with CKD and HCV. Twenty patients (40%) had low baseline C4; these patients significantly improved their eGFR (+3.4 ± 11.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) compared to those with normal baseline C4 (−4.4 ± 12.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.028). Conclusion: Low C4 may be a marker of kidney dysfunction that improves with DAA therapy.
Synthetic poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) gel induces chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells via a novel protein reservoir function
Authors: Semba Shingo , Kitamura Nobuto , Tsuda Masumi , Goto Keiko , Kurono Sadamu , Ohmiya Yoshihiro , Kurokawa Takayuki , Gong Jian Ping , Yasuda Kazunori , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that a synthetic negatively charged poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells. In this study, we clarified the underlying molecular mechanism, in particular, focusing on the events that occurred at the interface between the gel and the cells. Gene expression profiling revealed that the expression of extracellular components was enhanced in the ATDC5 cells that were cultured on the PAMPS gel, suggesting that extracellular proteins secreted from the ATDC5 cells might be adsorbed in the PAMPS gel, thereby contributing to the induction of chondrogenic differentiation. Therefore, we created “Treated‐PAMPS gel,” which adsorbed various proteins secreted from the cultured ATDC5 cells during 7 days. Proteomic analysis identified 27 proteins, including extracellular matrix proteins such as Types I, III, and V collagens and thrombospondin (THBS) in the Treated‐PAMPS gel. The Treated‐PAMPS gel preferentially induced expression of chondrogenic markers, namely, aggrecan and Type II collagen, in the ATDC5 cells compared with the untreated PAMPS gel. Addition of recombinant THBS1 to the ATDC5 cells significantly enhanced the PAMPS‐induced chondrogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of THBS1 completely abolished this response. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the PAMPS gel has the potential to induce chondrogenic differentiation through novel reservoir functions, and the adsorbed THBS plays a significant role in the induction.
Electrostatically doped drain engineered DG‐TFET: Proposal and analysis
Authors: Shaikh Mohd Rizwan Uddin , Loan Sajad A. , Alshahrani Abdullah 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a drain‐engineered double‐gate Tunnel‐FET (DE‐DG‐TFET) to enhance the electrical characteristics and analog parameters of a conventional DG‐TFET is proposed and examined through calibrated TCAD simulations. Unlike DG‐TFET, a constant n‐type doping, Ncd, (5 × 1017 cm−3 − 2 × 1018 cm−3), in the channel/drain regions of DE‐DG‐TFET is used, resulting in a p+‐n‐n structure instead of conventional p+‐i‐n structure. Further, p+‐n‐n is modified to p+‐n‐n+ using electrostatic doping (ED) method on the drain side with Hafnium (ϕm = 3.9 eV) as a lateral (top and bottom) and side metal electrode. A high n+‐drain doping ensures the drain contact remains ohmic. Higher electric field at p+‐n source‐channel junction enhances the ON‐state BTBT current. While the absence of metallurgical junction provides large tunneling width across the channel/drain junction, resulting in suppression of ambipolar current (IAMB). At Ncd doping of 1 × 1018 cm−3, DE‐DG‐TFET demonstrates ~7 times increase in ION while IAMB is suppressed by ~5 orders of magnitude. In addition to this, the proposed device improves analog/RF figures of merit, 45% in voltage gain and ~5 times in peak fT.
Transient sublethal hypoxia in neonatal rats causes reduced dendritic spines, aberrant synaptic plasticity, and impairments in memory
Authors: Tang Wenjie , Xin Xiaoming , O’Connor Margaret , Zhang Nana , Lai Bin , Man Heng‐Ye , Xie Yuanyun , Wei Youzhen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypoxic/ischemic insult, a leading cause of functional brain defects, has been extensively studied in both clinical and experimental animal research, including its etiology, neuropathogenesis, and pharmacological interventions. Transient sublethal hypoxia (TSH) is a common clinical occurrence in the perinatal period. However, its effect on early developing brains remains poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of TSH on the dendrite and dendritic spine formation, neuronal and synaptic activity, and cognitive behavior of early postnatal Day 1 rat pups. While TSH showed no obvious effect on gross brain morphology, neuron cell density, or glial activation in the hippocampus, we found transient hypoxia did cause significant changes in neuronal structure and function. In brains exposed to TSH, hippocampal neurons developed shorter and thinner dendrites, with decreased dendritic spine density, and reduced strength in excitatory synaptic transmission. Moreover, TSH‐treated rats showed impaired cognitive performance in spatial learning and memory. Our findings demonstrate that TSH in newborn rats can cause significant impairments in synaptic formation and function, and long‐lasting brain functional deficits. Therefore, this study provides a useful animal model for the study of TSH on early developing brains and to explore potential pharmaceutical interventions for patients subjected to TSH insult.
Exploring N fertilizer reduction and organic material addition practices: An examination of their alleviating effect on the nematode food web in cropland
Authors: Kou Xinchang , Zhang Xiaoke , Bai Wei , Cai Qian , Wu Zhengfang , Li Qi , Liang Wenju 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExcessive nitrogen (N) fertilization in croplands results in environmental problems, such as soil quality deterioration, water contamination, and biodiversity losses, which threaten the sustainable development of soil ecosystems. The soil nematode food web plays key roles in soil organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling, and thus the sustainable development of cropland ecosystems. However, how the negative impact from the excessive N fertilization on the nematode food web is effectively alleviated remains uncertain. This study aimed to explore the effects of different N fertilization management practices (N fertilizer reduction or organic material addition) on alleviating the negative effects on the nematode food web in croplands. Four treatments/ management practices were examined: conventional fertilization (N control), N fertilizer reduction of 100% (N0), N fertilizer reduction of 50% (N1), and conventional fertilization with organic material addition (N+S). The results showed that the abundance of nematodes and microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) both increased in the treatments of N0, N1, and N+S compared with N. Besides, N+S also increased the nematodes' biomass, diversity, and metabolic footprint, which correspondingly strengthened the nutrient turnover through the nematode food web. Overall, two management practices 1)N fertilizer reduction and 2) organic material addition, differ in the abiotic or biotic process in alleviating the negative effects of N fertilization on the nematode food web. The reducing N fertilization can directly alleviate the negative effect of fertilizer on soil acidification and then benefit for the growth of microorganisms and nematodes. The exogenous carbon input from organic material addition might promote carbon flowing and immobilization into nematode food web, and ultimately enhance the stability of soil food web.