bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of CuO Nanosheets and Efficient Degradation of Rhodamine B in a Copper Oxide/Ascorbic Acid/Hydrogen Peroxide System: Kinetics, Fate of Ascorbic Acid, and Mechanism
Authors: Xiao Bing , Wu Meng , Wang Yun , Chen Rufen , Liu Hui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCuO nanosheet was successfully prepared via a simple, green hydrothermal method. The resulted product was characterized by various technologies. CuO combined with trace ascorbic acid exhibited excellent Fenton‐like catalytic activity for Rhodamine B degradation. 80 % of RhB degradation occurred in the first 10 min and ascorbic acid was transformed to dehydroascorbic acid at this stage. When the RhB degradation reaction ended, the mineralization of ascorbic acid commenced and finally the ascorbic acid was mineralized to CO2 and H2O. The role of ascorbic acid was to accelerate the two cycles (≡CuII→≡CuIII→≡CuII and ≡CuI→≡CuII→≡CuI) on the surface of CuO particles, which results in the continuous generation of abundant free radicals and rapid degradation of pollutants. The rapid degradation kinetics can be described by Behnajady‐Modirshahla‐Ghanbery equation. The rate constant of HO• generation was 3.7 × 10−2 s−1 and the most utilization efficiency of H2O2 reached 75 %. The CuO/ascorbic acid catalyst has environmentally friendly features, thereby highlighting its practical utility for wastewater treatment.
Programmed genome rearrangements in ciliates
Authors: Rzeszutek Iwona , Maurer-Alcalá Xyrus X. , Nowacki Mariusz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCiliates are a highly divergent group of unicellular eukaryotes with separate somatic and germline genomes found in distinct dimorphic nuclei. This characteristic feature is tightly linked to extremely laborious developmentally regulated genome rearrangements in the development of a new somatic genome/nuclei following sex. The transformation from germline to soma genome involves massive DNA elimination mediated by non-coding RNAs, chromosome fragmentation, as well as DNA amplification. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in the genome reorganization processes of the model ciliates Paramecium and Tetrahymena (class Oligohymenophorea), and the distantly related Euplotes, Stylonychia, and Oxytricha (class Spirotrichea).
One-step preparation of bilayered films from kraft lignin and cellulose acetate to mimic tree bark
Authors: Barbe Stéphan , Berger Moriz , Engstler Roxanne , Dieste Andrés , Clavijo Leonardo , Favvas Evangelos , Sapalidis Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis contribution presents the development of a dry-cast method for the one-step preparation of bio-based films from wood polymers that mimic the bilayered structure of tree bark, the natural protective layer of the tree. In a simplified view, natural bark can be considered as the superposition of an external homogeneous and non-porous layer (outer bark) and a porous substructure layer (inner bark). This work is a first step for the future development of bio-based biomimetic wood coatings. The film had a bark-like appearance and its total density, bulk density and porosity were similar to values measured in natural bark. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of the studied film, namely specific surface area (BET) and pore size distribution, as well as the performance of the water adsorption ability were investigated and discussed.
Analysis of microtomographic images in automatic defect localization and detection
Authors: Marzec Mariusz , Duda Piotr , Wróbel Zygmunt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe paper presents a fast method of fully automatic localization and classification of defects in aluminium castings based on computed microtomography images. In the light of current research and based on available publications, where such analysis is made on the basis of images obtained from standard radiography (x-ray), this is a new approach which uses microtomographic images ($$\mu $$μ-CT). In addition, the above-mentioned solutions most often analyze a pre-separated portion of an image, which requires the initial operator interference. The authors’ own pre-processing methods, which allow to separate the element area and potential defect areas from $$\mu $$μ-CT images, and methods of extraction of selected features describing these areas have been proposed in the solution discussed here. A neural network trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt method with error backpropagation has been used as a classifier. The optimal network structure 20–4–1 and a set of 20 features describing the analysed areas have been determined as a result of performed tests. The applied solutions have provided 89% correct detection for any defect size and 96.73% for large defects, which is comparable to the results obtained from methods using x-ray images. This has confirmed that it is possible to use $$\mu $$μ-CT images in automatic defect localization in 3D. Thanks to this method, quantitative analysis of aluminium castings can be carried out without user interaction and fully automated.
Instrumente und Materialien zur Unterstützung gruppenpsychotherapeutischer Praxis
Authors: Strauß Bernhard 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungUnter Verwendung des Akronyms IMELDA fasst diese Arbeit eine Auswahl von Instrumenten und Materialien zusammen, die in der Praxis der Gruppenpsychotherapie hilfreich und nützlich sein können. Das Akronym fasst die Aspekte der Information, der Motivation und Auswahl, der Evaluation zusammen sowie das Gruppenleiterverhalten, die Dokumentation von Gruppensitzungen sowie die Erfassung von Allianz und anderen Prozessmerkmalen. Die verschiedenen Bereiche von „IMELDA“ werden skizziert, unter Darstellung beispielhafter Methoden sowie ihrer Qualität und Verfügbarkeit. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der erhofften Zunahme gruppentherapeutischer Angebote auch im ambulanten Kontext ist davon auszugehen, dass eine gewisse Standardisierung von Abläufen und Begleitdiagnostiken in der Gruppenpsychotherapie für Praktikerinnen und Praktiker von Nutzen ist.
Hotspots of extreme heat under global warming
Authors: Suarez-Gutierrez Laura , Müller Wolfgang A. , Li Chao , Marotzke Jochem 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe evaluate how hotspots of different types of extreme summertime heat change under global warming increase of up to $$4\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

4

∘

C

; and which level of global warming allows us to avert the risk of these hotspots considering the irreducible range of possibilities defined by well-sampled internal variability. We use large samples of low-probability extremes simulated by the 100-member Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE) for five metrics of extreme heat: maximum absolute temperatures, return periods of extreme temperatures, maximum temperature variability, sustained tropical nights, and wet bulb temperatures. At $$2\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

2

∘

C

of warming, MPI-GE projects maximum summer temperatures below $$50\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

50

∘

C

over most of the world. Beyond $$2\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

2

∘

C

, this threshold is overshot in all continents, with the maximum projected temperatures in hotspots over the Arabic Peninsula. Extreme 1-in-100-years pre-industrial temperatures occur every 10–25 years already at $$1.5\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

1.5

∘

C

of warming. At $$4\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

4

∘

C

, these 1-in-100-years extremes are projected to occur every 1 to 2 years over most of the world. The range of maximum temperature variability increases by 10–50% at $$2\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

2

∘

C

of warming, and by 50–100% at $$4\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

4

∘

C

. Beyond $$2\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

2

∘

C

, heat stress is aggravated substantially over non-adapted areas by hot and humid conditions that occur rarely in a pre-industrial climate; while extreme pre-industrial tropical night conditions become common-pace already at $$1.5\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

1.5

∘

C

. At $$4\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

4

∘

C

of warming, tropical night hotspots spread polewards globally, and are sustained during more than 99% of all summer months in the tropics; whilst extreme monthly mean wet bulb temperatures beyond $$26\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$

26

∘

C

spread both over large tropical as well as mid-latitude regions.
Different EEG brain activity in right and left handers during visually induced self-motion perception
Authors: McAssey Michaela , Dowsett James , Kirsch Valerie , Brandt Thomas , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVisually induced self-motion perception (vection) relies on visual–vestibular interaction. Imaging studies using vestibular stimulation have revealed a vestibular thalamo-cortical dominance in the right hemisphere in right handers and the left hemisphere in left handers. We investigated if the behavioural characteristics and neural correlates of vection differ between healthy left and right-handed individuals. 64-channel EEG was recorded while 25 right handers and 25 left handers were exposed to vection-compatible roll motion (coherent motion) and a matched, control condition (incoherent motion). Behavioural characteristics, i.e. vection presence, onset latency, duration and subjective strength, were also recorded. The behavioural characteristics of vection did not differ between left and right handers (all p > 0.05). Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis revealed significant decreases in alpha power during vection–compatible roll motion (p < 0.05). The topography of this decrease was handedness-dependent, with left handers showing a left lateralized centro-parietal decrease and right handers showing a bilateral midline centro-parietal decrease. Further time–frequency analysis, time locked to vection onset, revealed a comparable decrease in alpha power around vection onset and a relative increase in alpha power during ongoing vection, for left and right handers. No effects were observed in theta and beta bands. Left and right-handed individuals show vection-related alpha power decreases at different topographical regions, possibly related to the influence of handedness-dependent vestibular dominance in the visual–vestibular interaction that facilitates visual self-motion perception. Despite this difference in where vection-related activity is observed, left and right handers demonstrate comparable perception and underlying alpha band changes during vection.
Complete genome sequence of Tacaribe virus
Authors: Holzerland Julia , Leske Anne , Fénéant Lucie , Garcin Dominique , Kolakofsky Daniel , Groseth Allison 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTacaribe virus (TCRV) is the prototype of the New World arenaviruses (also known as TCRV serocomplex viruses). While TCRV is not itself a human pathogen, many closely related members of this group cause hemorrhagic fever, and thus TCRV has long served as an important BSL2 system for research into diverse areas of arenavirus biology. Due to its widespread use, a coding-complete sequence for both the S and L segments of the bipartite genome has been publically available for almost 30 years. However, more recently, this sequence has been found to contain significant discrepancies compared to other samples of the same original strain (i.e., TRVL-11573). Further, it is incomplete with respect to the genome ends, which contain critical regulatory elements for RNA synthesis. In order to rectify these issues we now present the first complete genome sequence for this important prototype arenavirus. In addition to completing the S segment 5’ end, we identified an apparent error in the L segment 3’ end as well as substantial discrepancies in the S segment intergenic region likely to affect folding. Comparison of this sequence with existing partial sequences confirmed a 12-amino-acid deletion in GP, including putative glycosylation sites, and a 4-amino-acid exchange flanking the exonuclease domain of NP. Accounting for these corrections, the TRVL-11573 strain appears to be nearly identical to that isolated in Florida in 2012. The availability of this information provides a solid basis for future molecular and genetic work on this important prototype arenavirus.
Effect of Electromagnetic Boundary Conditions on Reliability of Plasma Torch Models
Authors: Zhukovskii Rodion , Chazelas Christophe , Vardelle Armelle , Rat Vincent , Distler Bernd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cascaded-anode plasma torch makes it possible to get a longer and more stable plasma jet with higher specific enthalpy than conventional plasma torches. It is now used widely, but there are still few models of the cascaded-anode plasma torch. This study developed a 3-D time-dependent model that couples the gas phase and electrodes by encompassing the electromagnetic and heat equations both in the electrodes and gas phase. The model was applied to a commercial plasma spray gun equipped with a single cathode, single cylindrical anode and an inter-electrode insert to fix the average arc length. This paper examines the effect of the boundary conditions for the magnetic vector potential and electric current density on the electromagnetic, velocity and temperature fields of the plasma jet. The model predictions showed that, for such plasma torches where the arc is close to walls, the Biot and Savart formalism is required at the domain boundaries for the magnetic vector potential. They also showed that similar plasma fields could be obtained by imposing an electric current density profile at the cathode tip or by including the electrodes in the computational domain. However, this profile has to be chosen according to the specific design of the cathode, which is not obvious when the cathode has a design different from that of conventional plasma torches with sharp conical tip or rounded tip.
The Ethical Triage and Management Guidelines of the Entrapped and Mangled Extremity in Resource Scarce Environments: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Weinstein Eric , Gosney James E. , Ragazzoni Luca , Franc Jeffrey , Herbert TeriLynn , Weinstein Brielle , Verde Manuela , Zeller Johannes , Wolfson Nikolaj , Boyce Will , Cramer Jordan 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed to elucidate the current triage and treatment of an entrapped or mangled extremity in resource scarce environments (RSEs).Methods:A lead researcher followed the search strategy following inclusion and exclusion criteria. A first reviewer (FR) was randomly assigned sources. One of the 2 lead researchers was the second reviewer (SR). Each determined the level of evidence (LOE) and quality of evidence (QE) from each source. Any differing opinions between the FR and SR were discussed between them, and if differing opinions remained, then a third reviewer (the other lead researcher) discussed the article until a consensus was reached. The final opinion of each article was entered for analysis.Results:Fifty-eight (58) articles were entered into the final study. There was 1 study determined to be LOE 1, 29 LOE 2, and 28 LOE 3, with 15 determined to achieve QE 1, 37 QE 2, and 6 QE 3.Conclusion:This SLR showed that there is a lack of studies producing strong evidence to support the triage and treatment of the mangled extremity in RSE. Therefore, a Delphi process is suggested to adapt and modify current civilian and military triage and treatment guidelines to the RSE.
Sophie Olúwọlé's Major Contributions to African Philosophy
Authors: Presbey Gail 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the contributions to philosophy of Nigerian philosopher Sophie Bọ´sẹ`dé Olúwọlé (1935–2018). The first woman to earn a philosophy PhD in Nigeria, Olúwọlé headed the Department of Philosophy at the University of Lagos before retiring to found and run the Centre for African Culture and Development. She devoted her career to studying Yoruba philosophy, translating the ancient Yoruba Ifá canon, which embodies the teachings of Orunmila, a philosopher revered as an Óríṣá in the Ifá pantheon. Seeing his works as examples of secular reasoning and argument, she compared Orunmila's and Socrates' philosophies and methods and explored similarities and differences between African and European philosophies. A champion of African oral traditions, Olúwọlé argued that songs, proverbs, liturgies, and stories are important sources of African responses to perennial philosophical questions as well as to contemporary issues, including feminism. She argued that the complementarity that ran throughout Yoruba philosophy guaranteed women's rights and status, and preserved an important role for women, youths, and foreigners in politics.
Transfer of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by fist bump versus handshake
Authors: Pinto-Herrera Natalia C. , Jones Lucas D. , Ha Wilson , Alhmidi Heba , Li Daniel F. , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization, a traditional fist-bump greeting did not significantly reduce MRSA transfer in comparison to a handshake. However, transfer was reduced with a modified fist bump that minimized the surface area of contact and when hand hygiene was performed before the handshake.
MISSILE DEFENSES AND STRATEGIC STABILITY IN ASIA: EVIDENCE FROM SIMULATIONS
Authors: Sankaran Jaganath 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe contention over the quantity and quality of regional missile defenses forward-deployed by the United States in the Asia-Pacific region animates much of the US–China disagreement about strategic stability. The Chinese argue that the deployed assets exceed reasonable defensive requirements and suggest that if these missile-defense deployments continue, they will be forced to increase the size of their nuclear arsenal. In disagreement, the United States claims that regional missile defenses are defensive by design, limited in scope, and necessary to defeat a North Korean missile campaign. In this article, a series of simulation experiments were developed to empirically test these opposing arguments over missile defenses and strategic stability. The simulations indicate that current deployments are necessary for defense and proportional to the threat. The analysis also argues that current deployments do not possess the ability to alter the US–China strategic nuclear balance significantly. The article concludes with a discussion of other subjective aspects of national security that may explain Chinese concerns and explore possible ways to reassure China.
Is There a Distinct Quebec Media Subsystem in Canada? Evidence of Ideological and Political Orientations among Canadian News Media Organizations
Authors: Thibault Simon , Bastien Frédérick , Gosselin Tania , Brin Colette , Scott Colin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn their much-quoted typology of Western media systems, Hallin and Mancini (2004) associate Canada's media system with what they call the “Liberal model,” given its strong professionalization and limited politicization. They also hypothesize the existence of a more professional and more politicized media subsystem in Quebec. This article tests their hypothesis with data from a 2018 survey of 209 experts across Canada. The findings do not support the hypothesis of a media subsystem in Quebec. However, they show a diversity of ideological and political orientations among news media organizations, which has important empirical and theoretical implications for the study of political communication in Canada.
MAKING MARIA THERESIA ‘KING’ OF HUNGARY
Authors: VARGA BENEDEK M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThis article examines the succession of Maria Theresia as ‘king’ of Hungary in 1741, by questioning the notion of the ‘king's two bodies’, an interpretation that has dominated the scholarship. It argues that Maria Theresia's coming to the throne challenged both conceptions of gender and the understanding of kingship in eighteenth-century Hungary. The female body of the new ruler caused anxieties which were mitigated by the revival of the medievalrex femineustradition as well as ancient legal procedures aiming to stress the integrity of royal power when it was granted to a woman.
Consonant dissimilarity in Biblical Hebrew defective nouns
Authors: Aïm Emmanuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCo-occurrence restrictions on Biblical Hebrew root consonants have received thorough treatment in the specialized literature. However, combinations involving glides on the one hand, and nominal roots on the other, have received very little attention. The aim of this paper is to argue for an incompatibility between medial consonants and final glides in defective nouns: a final w cannot generally follow a homorganic medial root consonant, viz. labial p, b, m and velar k, g, q. The III-w roots are rare: they came about as a result of a well-documented historical process and are found almost only in nominal roots. Previous investigations have overlooked this incompatibility owing to the incomplete scope of the studies.
Information Fusion of GPS, INS and Odometer Sensors for Improving Localization Accuracy of Mobile Robots in Indoor and Outdoor Applications
Authors: Yousuf Sofia , Kadri Muhammad Bilal 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYIn mobile robot localization with multiple sensors, myriad problems arise as a result of inadequacies associated with each of the individual sensors. In such cases, methodologies built upon the concept of multisensor fusion are well-known to provide optimal solutions and overcome issues such as sensor nonlinearities and uncertainties. Artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic (FL) approaches can effectively model sensors with unknown nonlinearities and uncertainties. In this article, a robust approach for localization (positioning) of a mobile robot in indoor as well as outdoor environments is proposed. The neural network is utilized as a pseudo-sensor that models the global positioning system (GPS) and is used to predict the robot’s position in case of GPS signal loss in indoor environments. The data from proprioceptive sensors such as inertial sensors and GPS are fused using the Kalman and the complementary filter-based fusion schemes in the outdoor case. To eliminate the position inaccuracies due to wheel slippage, an expert FL system (FLS) is implemented and cascaded with the sensor fusion module. The proposed technique is tested both in simulation and in real scenarios of robot movements. The simulations and results from the experimental platform validate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Depth Estimation for Local Colon Structure in Monocular Capsule Endoscopy Based on Brightness and Camera Motion
Authors: Xu Lei , Li Jing , Hao Yang , Zhang Peisen , Ciuti Gastone , Dario Paolo , Huang Qiang 
Published: May 2020

SUMMARYWe present a 3D reconstruction method using brightness and camera motion estimation for registering local colon structure in colonoscopy. The proposed method is based on reverse projection from 2D fold contours to 3D space, motion estimation from 3D reconstructed points between neighboring frames, and model registration to reconstruct the fold structure. On the synthetic colon, the average percentages of the reconstructed depth error and circumference error are about 14.2% and 15.2%, respectively. The accuracy is enough for the navigation and control in capsule robot. This work demonstrates that the proposed method is superior to the methods using single-frame-based brightness intensity.