bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Mechanosensing of an Osteoblast at Focal Adhesions Under Cyclic Strain Using Magnetic Micropillars
Authors: Shiraishi Toshihiko , Nagai Kota 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
It has been reported that cells sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. Mechanical vibration promotes the cell proliferation and the cell differentiation of osteoblast cells at 12.5 Hz and 50 Hz, respectively. It indicates that osteoblast cells have a mechansensing system for mechanical vibration. There may be some mechanosensors and we focus on cellular focal adhesions through which mechanical and biochemical signals may be transmitted from extracellular matrices into a cell. However, it is very difficult to directly apply mechanical stimuli to focal adhesions. We developed a magnetic micropillar substrate on which micron-sized pillars are deflected according to applied magnetic field strength and focal adhesions adhering to the top surface of the pillars are given mechanical stimuli. In this paper, we focus on intracellular calcium ion as a second messenger of cellular mechanosensing and investigate the mechanosensing mechanism of an osteoblast cell at focal adhesions under cyclic strain using a magnetic micropillar substrate. The experimental results indicate that the magnetic micropillars have enough performance to response to an electric current applied to a coil in an electromagnet and to apply the cyclic strain of less than 3% to a cell. In the cyclic strain of less than 3%, the calcium response of a cell was not observed.
Comparative Structural Optimization Study of Composite and Aluminum Horizontal Tail Plane of a Helicopter
Authors: Arpacioglu Bertan , Kayran Altan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work presents structural optimization studies of aluminum and composite material horizontal tail plane of a helicopter by using MSC. NASTRAN SOL200 optimization capabilities. Structural design process starts from conceptual design phase, and structural layout design is performed by using CATIA. In the preliminary design phase, study focuses on the minimum weight optimization with multiple design variables and similar constraints for both materials. Aerodynamic load calculation is performed using ANSYS and the finite element model of the horizontal tail plane is created by using MSC.PATRAN. According to the characteristics of materials, design variables are chosen. For the aluminum horizontal tail, thickness and flange areas are used as the design variables; and for composite horizontal tail, attention is mainly focused on the ply numbers and ply orientation angles of the laminated composite panels. By considering the manufacturability issues, discrete design variables are used. For three different mesh densities, different initial values of the design variables, and similar design constraints, optimizations are repeated and the results of optimizations are examined and compared with each other. In the optimizations performed, constraints are taken as strength and local buckling constraints. It is shown that the optimization methodology used in this study gives confident results for optimizing structures in the preliminary design phase.
Position Correcting Control System for the Vacuum Cleaning Robot Considering Hose Repulsion
Authors: Tsuno Takaya , Morimoto Tatsuhiro , Matsui Hirokazu , Yano Ken’ichi , Mizuochi Toyohisa , Arima Toshihiko , Fukui Shigeru 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In our daily life, we live by using many resources such as electricity and gas energy, metal products such as automobiles. When imported iron ore or coal from overseas is transported by a conveyor, it drops from the conveyor due to vibration and strong wind during transportation. At present, people are doing cleaning directly using a vacuum car in the place where the track loader cannot enter. When a person performs cleaning work using a vacuum car, accidents such as getting caught in the mouth of a hose or a conveyor might. To cope with this problem, a vacuum robot that performs cleaning work on behalf of people are developed in previous work. However, since the hose for sucking iron ore and coal is hard, these robots cannot move freely. In this research, we developed a vacuum cleaning robot that can transport a hard and heavy hose with a small and light weighted robot. The developed vacuum cleaning robot independently controls the driving part and the suction part, whereby the robot can control the position of the suction port while suppressing the repulsive force of the hose.
Investigation on the Effect of Drilling Parameters on Quality of Hole in Epoxy Resin With and Without Carbon Fiber Reinforced With 6% and 10% Si3N4 Using FEA
Authors: Venkatadasu Ravindra Holalu , Murali Krishna Nodekoppalu Lingaiah , Doddagarudanahalli Shivaramaiah Rakshith Gowda 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Now days drilling of fiber reinforced plastics become a challenging task in terms of obtaining defect free holes. Quality of drilling mainly depends on cutting parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate, diameter of the drill etc. Recently Finite element analysis (FEA) is found to be the most reliable method to investigate the effect of such parameters on quality of hole in drilling of composites. Present study focuses on the drilling of Epoxy resin with and without carbon fiber reinforced with 6% and 10% volume of Si3N4 composites as per the Taguchi’s L27 standard orthogonal array using HSS tool. FEA is carried out for each combination of cutting parameters given by taguchi’s table. Simulation results such as stress distribution, strain and deformation in the material are correlated with the with the drilled hole performance characteristics like Cylindricity, circularity, delamination and surface roughness. Simulation results depict the influence of thrust force and torque on the degree of deformation, strength, elasticity and stress distribution in the work material during drilling. From the simulation, it is found that deformation, and equivalent stress in the material decreases with increase in the % of Si3N4 reinforcement resulting in minimum surface roughness. The effect of feed rate is more on the value of thrust force resulting in maximum principal stress, equivalent stress and directional deformation in the material, which leads to delamination at the entry and exit of the hole. Further, influence of spindle speed is more on the value of torque resulting in maximum principal stress, equivalent stress and directional deformation in the material, which leads to maximum value of Cylindricity.
Comparative Study of Material Damage and Tool Wear Mechanisms During Drilling of CFRP/Ti Stack
Authors: Mathiyazhagan Vijayathithan , Meena Anil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The usage of CFRP and Ti stacks in the aerospace industry has widely increased due to its mechanical properties and improved structural functions but at the same time, different mechanical and thermal properties of the CFRP and Ti makes the process difficult. Major apprehensions in the drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks include rapid tool wear and poor hole quality. Typically, the surface quality of the holes in the drilling of CFRP/Ti stack is poor due to delamination, the progression of hole diameter in CFRP and burr formation in Ti. Moreover, the flank wear on the tool also influences the surface quality of the hole produced. Therefore, the present study is mainly focused on the influence of cutting parameters on cutting forces, hole quality and tool wear characteristics. Drilling was performed on CFRP/Ti stack using coated and uncoated carbide tools. The obtained results revealed a significant correlation between tool wear and delamination characteristics.
Simulation of a 7R Manipulator Inverse Calibration by Using an Optimized Neural Network Based on Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Chen Zhangwei , Zu Hongfei , Zhang Xiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes an intelligent technique by combining multilayer feed-forward neural networks (MLFNN) and beetle antennae search (BAS) algorithm for the inverse calibration of a 7R manipulator. First of all, the MLFNN is optimized by BAS. Then, the optimized BAS-MLFNN method is employed for the nonlinear mapping from the true angles of the joint to the errors of the joint. The true angle values of the joints are selected as the inputs and the joint errors as the outputs. The simulation of calibration is implemented on a Kuka’s LWR manipulator. Numerical simulation results show that compared with the commonly used BPNN, the proposed BAS-MLFNN method possesses better performance in terms of higher precision.
Integrated Optimization of Structure and Control in Ultra-Precision Motion Systems
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Ming , Zhu Yu , Li Xin , Wang Leijie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ever-increasing demands for precision and efficiency in ultra-precision motion systems will result in a lightweight and flexible motion system with complex dynamics. In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed where control gains, 3D structural topology and actuator configuration are integrated into optimization to derive a system-level optimal design which possesses a high vibration control performance, and still satisfies multiple design constraints. A material interpolation model with high accuracy is proposed for the integrated optimization, a simple integral equation utilizing R-functions and level-set functions is established to represent complex non-overlapping constraints of actuators. Over-actuation degrees are utilized to actively control the dominant flexible modes. Responses of residual flexible modes are restricted by increasing the coincidence of their nodal areas at actuators (sensors) locations. The objective function is the constructed worst-case vibration energy of the flexible modes. A dual-loop solving strategy combining the genetic algorithm and the modified optimal criteria method is adopted to solve the optimization problem. A fine stage in the wafer stage is designed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Influence of Fuel on a Valveless Pulsejet Engine Performance and Pollutant Emissions
Authors: Melo Andreia , Brójo Francisco 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this work the performance of a valveless pulsejet with two different fuels and several fuel mass flows was numerically estimated. Results for pressures, velocities, traction and pollutant formation are presented. Even though this type of engine has many advantages over the conventional types, it still has many problems for application in civil aviation due to noise levels. Although having a very simple construction, operation is not completely understood, so studies continue to be made in order to have a better knowledge of the physics behind operation. For engine sizing, was performed a calculation procedure based on data of existing engines and equations reported in the literature. The pulsejet operation was then simulated using ANSYS Fluent 16.2. Simulations were 2D transient, three different fuel flows were analysed: 0.04 kg/s, 0.06 kg/s and 0.1 kg/s and two fuels used: propane and methane. For propane an additional case was defined, being the fuel mass flow of 0.12 kg/s. The results obtained are similar for the two fuels, the variables have the same behaviour with the variation of the fuel flow except for the operating frequency.
Investigation on Deep Hole Trepanning of TC10 Titanium Alloy
Authors: Han Xiaolan , Liu Zhanfeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloy is a typical hard-to-machine material, and has a relatively expensive material price. For deep-hole tubes made of titanium alloys, the material utilization rate of direct deep-hole drilling is relatively low, especially for large diameter holes. Deep-hole trepanning provides an effective method that reduces manufacturing cost and improves the material utilization which is used on larger diameter bars. In this paper, deep-hole trepanning tests are carried out on the TC10 titanium alloys to resolve the key technical problems. The thrust force and torque, tool wear, and chip morphology are analyzed based on the different process parameters. The results show that appropriate process parameters can remove the chips easily and reduce the thrust force and tool wear. The titanium alloy deep-hole trepanning has a good drilling effect and solves the problem of drilling deep, large diameter holes in titanium alloy tubes, which has practical significance for reducing production cost and improving material utilization.
Barriers for Virtual Assessment of Structural Robustness
Authors: Brix Nerenst Tim , Ebro Martin , Nielsen Morten , Eifler Tobias , Nielsen Kim Lau 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Simulation techniques such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have substantially contributed to reducing the time and cost of developing new mechanical products over the last decades. However, FEA is primarily carried out on the nominal geometry, i.e. not considering the variation in geometrical and material parameters that originates from either the production or use-cases. This can lead to either overly conservative or overly optimistic designs, which in turn leads to unnecessary cost and/or unforeseen product failures. Despite the introduction of commercial FEA tool packages (such as 3DX/Abaqus/ANSYS etc.) that enables designers and engineers to combine FEA and Robust Design (RD) methods, performing sensitivity studies to identify robustness issues is rarely conducted in a systematic manner. The objective of this study is to identify the barriers for why the combined use of FEA and robust design techniques are not a standard part of the design process. The study concludes on identified barriers and that combining FEA and RD will require a substantial effort, however create significant value and enhance the design process.
Thermal Patterns and Internal Flow Mechanisms in Evaporating Inverted Sessile Drops of Pure Water
Authors: Josyula Tejaswi , Manghnani Chandan , Mahapatra Pallab Sinha , Pattamatta Arvind 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We report an experimental investigation on contact line dynamics, thermal patterns, and internal fluid flow during the evaporation of inverted sessile drops of pure water. This configuration of sessile drop when placed on a heated substrate should lead to thermal stratification and any internal convective flow will be governed by surface tension driven Marangoni flow. First, we report contact line dynamics and thermal patterns recorded using an optical camera and infrared camera, respectively. An interesting outcome from the present study is the resemblance observed between the evolution of contact angle and interfacial temperature difference during evaporation. By performing Particle Image Velocimetry to delineate the internal flow characteristics, we report an axisymmetric counter-rotating flow inside the drop. This flow is directed towards the substrate from the apex at the centerline of the drop. In literature, a similar directional flow is reported to be due to Marangoni flow albeit for a normal sessile drop. Further, by extracting the magnitude of velocity, we report a maximum velocity in the flow occurring at the center of drop which in turn increases with substrate temperature. The results reported in the present study shed light on the presence of Marangoni flow in pure water drops whose understanding is of paramount importance in many academic and industrial applications.
Distributed Training for Data Driven Models in Power Machinery Online Monitoring
Authors: Wu Hang , Wang Wei , Zhou Dengji , Ma Shixi , Zhang Huisheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) Systems have been widely applied in online monitoring of modern mechanical devices, and models in PHM systems are of vital importance. Traditional mechanism models are able to simulate parameters and evaluate the overall machine state accurately, but their defect is the high requirements in understanding the objects. Therefore, data driven models could be a suitable substitute. Data driven models take the advantage of machine learning technique and are able to be established only on the basis of past data. Models applied in this paper are based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), but the complexity of network structures will occupy huge amount of computing resources and time in training. For online monitoring, spending too much time on training will postpone real time prediction and decrease the reaction speed of PHM systems in abnormal conditions. In this paper distributed training based on computer cluster is proposed to decrease training time. By dispatching computing task into several workers, the severs in the cluster will only undertake a small fraction of the total computing load and therefore accelerate the overall training process. On the other hand, there are some risks of losing prediction accuracy and stability because of the nonlinear gradient deviation in data parallelism. Aggregation period (AP) is an important factor in balancing the requirements of both ends. This paper analyzes the influence of AP on training speed, accuracy and stability, then proposes a novel distributed training algorism according to the regulations achieved. Then a distributed training and online monitoring process for a typical two-shaft gas turbine is taken as an example in the result and discussion section. It turns out that the experimental results fit the theoretical regulations well, and the revised distributed learning algorism is able to meet all the requirements of training speed, prediction accuracy and stability.
Physics-Based Simulation of Agile Robotic Systems
Authors: Piliptchak Pavel , Aksu Murat , Proctor Frederick M. , Michaloski John L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Development and testing of industrial robot environments is hampered by the limited availability of hardware resources. Simulations provide a more accessible and readily modifiable alternative to physical testing, but also require careful design to maximize their fidelity to the real system. In this paper, we describe new progress in building an entirely physics-driven simulation of the Agility Performance of Robotic Systems (APRS) Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). To maximize the accuracy of physics-based interactions in this environment, we develop several general-purpose improvements to the simulation of parallel grippers and multi-object collisions. We use pick-and-place tasks from the APRS Laboratory as well as generic benchmarks to verify the performance of our simulation. We demonstrate that our proposed improvements result in more physically-consistent simulations compared to standard implementations, regardless of the choice of physics engine or simulation parameters.
A Digital Twin for Intra-Logistics Process Planning for the Automotive Sector Supported by Big Data Analytics
Authors: Guerreiro Guilherme , Figueiras Paulo , Costa Ruben , Marques Maria , Graça Diogo , Garcia Gisela , Jardim-Gonçalves Ricardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the areas that can heavily benefit with Industry 4.0 is the logistics, namely with the association of sensing technologies and the application of techniques such as Big Data Analytic, Data Visualization, prediction algorithms, and especially 3D simulation. The association of real data, prediction techniques, and 3D models, allow the creation of realistic Digital Twins that emulate factory processes, making possible the experimentation and testing of new ideas and different scenarios by tweaking key variables, without stopping production.
However, there are many challenges in order to handle and compute all fast-growing, multi dimension data generated, so that all this production related data can be quickly used for defect control, preventive maintenance, advanced analytics for production and resources management, or even later simulation. The work presented in this paper focus in this “in between” processing work, presenting an easily deployable and self-reconfigurable Big Data architecture, where different technologies can work together to extract, transform, load, apply analytics, and then feed a 3D Digital Simulation model. The work presented in this paper is funded by the EU project BOOST4.0 and focus in a specific logistic process of car manufacturing.
Mapping the Potential for Infectious Disease Transmission in a Wide-Body Aircraft Cabin
Authors: Mahmoud Seif , Bennett James S. , Hosni Mohammad H. , Jones Byron 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With more than two billion passengers annually, in-flight transmission of infectious diseases is a major global health concern. It is widely believed that principal transmission risk associated with air travel for most respiratory infectious diseases is limited to within two rows of an infectious passenger. However, several passengers became infected despite sitting several rows away from the contagious passenger.
This work thoroughly investigated the potential for disease spread inside airplane cabins using tracer gas to quantify airborne dispersion. Measurements were conducted in a full-scale, 11-row mock-up of a wide-body aircraft cabin. Heated mannequins to simulate passengers’ thermal load were placed on the cabin seats. Tracer gas was injected at the breathing level at four different hypothetical contagious passenger locations. The tracer gas concentration was measured radially up to 3.35 m away from the injection location representing four rows of a standard aircraft. A four-port sampling tree was used to collect samples at the breathing level at four different radial locations simultaneously. Each port was sampled for 30 minutes.
A total of 42 tests were conducted in matching pairs to alleviate potential statistical or measurements bias. The results showed that the airflow pattern inside the mock-up airplane cabin plays a major role in determining tracer gas concentration meaning that the concentration at the same radial distance in different directions are not necessarily the same. Also, due to the air distribution pattern and cabin walls, concentrations at some seats may be higher than the source seat.
Modeling and Control of a Spherical Inverted Pendulum With Actuator Saturation
Authors: Bondo Geovani , Yuan Chengzhi , Duan Chang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper studies the modeling and control of a spherical inverted pendulum (SIP). The SIP is deemed to be a reasonable model for rocket-propelled body and is often used to test advanced control strategies. The mathematic model is derived based on a Quanser two degrees-of-freedom inverted pendulum commercial product. The pendulum is mounted on a five-bar mechanism that is actuated by two rotary servo base units. Unlike conventional assumption that the two motors are allowed to rotate simultaneously, we assume a more challenging scenario that at one time only one motor is working. The system is hence modeled as a switched system as two motors have to be switched in order to balance the pendulum at its unstable equilibrium. Switched controllers, together with a switching strategy are developed to ensure the stability of the system and satisfy a disturbance attenuation performance index. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.