bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low- and High-Resolution X-Ray Tomography Helping on Petrophysics and Flow-Behavior Modeling
Authors: Chaves Josue Mauricio , Moreno Rosangela Barros 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Reservoir studies involve spatial scales ranging from pore models to field-simulation grids. X-ray tomography is a nondestructive technique of inspection and characterization of samples that works from microns in the pore scale to centimeters in drill cores, which makes it a useful tool for modeling porous systems in reservoir-rock samples. The generated models serve to simulate physical phenomena helpful to determine both static and dynamic properties. Various techniques of preprocessing, porous-medium modeling, and simulation are applicable depending on the degree of heterogeneity of the sample. This work presents a workflow to make the porosity and permeability models from images acquired with axial computed tomography (CT) at different resolution scales. The workflow was used in sandstone and carbonate samples from Brazilian outcrops. The density and porosity of the sample were determined at the millimeter scale using a medical scanner and the distributions of pore size, grain size, and absolute permeability were determined using a synchrotron beamline, which provided high-resolution data at the micrometer scale. Integrating the data obtained from both scales, the combined description of the drill-core porosity served as a base to build a permeability model for the sample with the dimensions of that one scanned by the medical CT.
The approach to generate the model depends on the type of heterogeneities associated with the sample. The homogeneous sandstone sample was modeled as a matrix with undefined porosity at the resolution of the medical tomography. The carbonate sample showed defined porosity at different scales: Moldic and vugular porosity were defined on the medical scale, while interparticle porosity was set on the synchrotron scale. Permeability was simulated in the micrometric model using an approach that integrates Stokes law and Darcy’s law in a percolating porous medium. Subsequently, the permeability was transferred to the millimetric model, creating the 3D distribution of porosity and permeability. Finally, the upscaled value for the samples was determined. This study contributes to the approaches regarding techniques of rock upscaling and digital rock physics and presents a workflow and some discussions of the multiscale approach.
Two user-friendly models and a simple cutoff value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in middle-elderly aged patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tian Yiming , Li Tao , Gu Hongyuan , Wang Rui , Ma Chunming , Wang Rui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to predict worse outcomes of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association of NLR and DN in middle-elderly aged patients with type 2 diabetes, and attempted to confirm an optimized cutoff value of NLR for DN prediction.Methods: A total of 146 patients with type 2 diabetes were retrospectively included in this study. DN was defined as urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30mg/g, or effective glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 60ml/min·1.73m2. To evaluate the predictive role of NLR, logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis were applied. Canonical discriminant functions were used to construct the discriminant equations.Results: NLR, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and lipo-protein a [Lp(a)] independently predicted DN diagnosis after adjusted by multi-variables. NLR value of 2.04 had a sensitivity of 48.9% and a specificity of 80.8% in predicting DN, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.666. When the threshold of NLR was elevated to 2.50, the specificity and sensitivity were 90.9% and 29.8%, respectively. User-friendly model 1 and model 2 were constructed using the independent risk factors mentioned above, with the AUC of 0.819 and 0.817, respectively.Conclusions: Two models of user-friendly equations were constructed for early prediction of DN, which could be easily calculated and stored in office computer. NLR threshold of 2.50 is recommended in clinical use to identify the patients at high risk of DN, for its high specificity and remarkable convenience.
The efficacy of exposure and response prevention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Junjuan , Wen Fang , Yu Liping , Wang Fang , Liu Jingran , Wang Mengyu , Cui Yonghua , Li Ying 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) that can effectively relieve obsessive-compulsive symptoms and tic symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). However, the effect size of ERP is still unclear.
Methods

In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of ERP for individuals with OCD and TS. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the effect size of the efficacy for ERP. We used subgroup and meta-regression analysis to explore the heterogeneity of the pooled SMD of ERP for OCD.
Results

A total of 17 studies including a total of 926 patients with OCD and 66 patients with TS were identified. We observed a small-to-medium effect size of ERP for both OCD (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI: -0.47 to 0.06) and TS (SMD = -0.26, 95% CI: -0.75 to 0.22).
Conclusions

In conclusion, we found that ERP is effective for patients with OCD and TS. We suggest a combination with other therapies and the development of online ERP services that might prove a promising new direction for healthcare providers.
Reflecting on the Challenges encountered by nurses at the great Earthquake in the West of Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Abdi Alireza , -Raygani Aliakbar Vaisi , Najafi Bahareh , saidi Hamid , moradi khalil 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: in Iran, it has experienced an enormous number of earthquake disasters during the past three decades. Nurses are the largest group of health systems that play a crucial role in handling disasters. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the nursing challenges to provide care to the injured patients of the earthquake of Kermanshah-Iran. Methods: This study was conducted as a qualitative content analysis. Data collection was carried out through 16 semi‑structured and in‑depth interviews with the nurses involved in the care of the earthquake victims. Data were managed using MAXQDA software and analyzed by Graneheim and Lundman’s approach.Results: in this study, fourteen subcategories, and five categories have emerged from 453 codes. The categories were: (a) organizational and managerial challenges; (b) human resources; (c) infrastructure; (d) educational system; and (e) ethical challenges.Conclusion: The results showed that nurses confronted with several challenges in the care of earthquake victims. It appears better educational management and planning of nurses, infrastructure reform, and establishment of a crisis team among national nurses are necessary to overcome the challenges.
Prevalence estimates of COVID-19 by web survey compared to inadequate testing
Authors: Ku David N , Ku Ben , Leong Traci , Liu Zixiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Current prevalence of COVID-19 drives many policy decisions, but is hampered by ambiguities in testing and reporting. We propose an alternative method for estimating community prevalence that is inexpensive and timely. We test the Hypothesis that the survey sampling provides a quantitative prevalence that is similar to widespread genomic or serological testing.
Methods

We have built a simple, web-based survey of signs and symptoms for COVID-19 based on six questions. No personally identifiable information is collected to maintain privacy. Sampling can be directed to a population of interest such as a company, or broadcast widely to get geographic sampling. Data reporting can be real-time and plotted onto zipcode maps. Rates of prevalence were calculated from presumed COVID cases and respondents, with confidence intervals based on the Blaker method.
Results

The website was created quickly, and survey results were quantitatively useful after only a few days. Analyzing 3161 cases from CountCOVID.org, we found a community prevalence of 7% in Georgia that was much greater than the reported confirmed cases. Our prevalence estimate of 21% in New York City was similar to the reported 19.6% by surveillance antibody serotesting. Our estimates are validated by five other community surveillance studies using genomic or antibody testing.
Conclusions

Prevalence and incidence of COVID-19 symptoms in the community can be estimated by a crowd-sourced website at considerably less expense than widespread testing.
Concurrence of talaromycosis and Kaposi sarcoma in a HIV-infected Patient: A case report
Authors: Su Feifei , Miao Xingguo , Ye Hui , Yang Shoufeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Concurrence of talaromycosis, an opportunistic infection caused by the fungal pathogen Talaromyces marneffei and Kaposi sarcoma, a common vascular tumor in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has only been rarely reported. Despite poor outcome, clinical characteristics and management strategies for HIV-infected patients with comorbid Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis has not been very well described.Case presentation: A 33-year-old, HIV-positive male patient presented to the Department of Infectious Diseases at Wenzhou Central Hospital with cough, sputum expectoration, hemoptysis, rashes on the feet and violaceous plaques in the oral cavity. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral nodular, patchy shadows and lymphadenectasis. Skin biopsy and histopathological examination indicated Kaposi sarcoma. T. marneffei was isolated from blood cultures and suggested talaromycosis. The patient’s conditions significantly improved following initiation of antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma in combination with antifungal treatment for talaromycosis.Conclusions: Severe medical conditions such as Kaposi sarcoma and talaromycosis may coexist in HIV-infected patients and pose a high mortality risk. Etiological diagnosis and treatment are the key to successful management of HIV-infected patients who has severe comorbid conditions.
Magnetic-field annihilation and island formation in electron-scale current sheet in Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Denton Richard , Genestreti Kevin , Nakamura Takuma , Phan Tai , Nakamura Rumi , Hwang Kyoung-Joo , Ahmadi Narges , Shi Quanqi , Hesse Michael , Burch James , Webster James , Torbert Roy , Giles Barbara , Gershman Daniel , Russell Christopher , Strangeway Robert , Lindqvist P.-A. , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Ergun Robert , Saito Yoshifumi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Establishing the mechanism of magnetic-to-particle energy conversion through magnetic reconnection in current sheets1 is the key to understanding the impact of fast release of magnetic energy in many space and astrophysical plasma systems, such as during magnetospheric substorms2,3. It is generally believed that an electron-scale diffusion region (EDR), where a magnetic-to-electron energy conversion occurs, has an X-type magnetic-field geometry4 around which the energy of anti-parallel magnetic fields injected is mostly converted to the bulk-flow energy of electrons by magnetic tension of reconnected field-lines5,6. However, it is at present unknown exactly how this energy conversion occurs in EDRs, because there has been no observational method to fully address this problem. Here we present state-of-the-art analysis of multi-spacecraft observations in Earth’s magnetotail of an electron-scale current sheet, which demonstrates that contrary to the standard model of reconnection with an X-type EDR geometry, the fast energy conversion in the detected EDR was caused mostly by magnetic-field annihilation, rather than reconnection. Furthermore, we detected a magnetic island forming in the EDR itself, implying that the EDR had an elongated shape ideal for island generation7 and magnetic-field annihilation. The experimental discovery of the annihilation-dominated EDR reveals a new form of energy conversion in the reconnection process that can occur when the EDR has evolved from the X-type to planar geometry.
Capturing structural changes of photosystem II using time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography with proper flash excitations
Authors: Li Honjie , Nakajima Yoshiki , Nomura Takashi , Sugahara Michihiro , Yonekura Shinichiro , Chan Siu Kit , Nakane Takanori , Yamane Takahiro , Umena Yasufumi , Suzuki Mamoru , Masuda Tetsuya , Motomura Taiki , Naitow Hisashi , Matsuura Yoshinori , Kimura Tetsunari , Tono Kensuke , Owada Shigeki , Joti Yasumasa , Tanaka Rie , Nango Eriko , Akita Fusamichi , Kubo Minoru , Iwata So , Shen Jian-Ren , Suga Michihiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) catalyzes light-induced water oxidation through an Si-state cycle, leading to the generation of di-oxygen, protons, and electrons. Pump-probe time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (TR-SFX) has been used to capture intermediate states of light-driven enzymatic reactions. In this approach, it is crucial to avoid contamination of light into the samples when analyzing a particular reaction intermediate. Here, we describe a method for determining a proper light condition that avoids light contamination to the PSII microcrystals while minimizing the sample consumption in TR-SFX. With the proper illumination conditions determined, we analyzed the S2-state structure of PSII at room temperature, revealing the structural changes during the S1-to-S2 transition at an ambient temperature. By comparing with the previous studies performed at a low temperature or with a different delay time, we reveal the possible channels for water inlet and proton egress, as well as structural changes important for the water-splitting reaction.
A Comparison of Macintosh and Video Laryngoscopy Performed With a Prototype Rigid Anterior Commissure Laryngoscope by Experienced and Novice Users in a Manikin Model
Authors: Sonkarley Price , Vasan Nilesh R. , Kosik Edward , Anderson Michael , Williams Marvin , Patsias Alexis , Clampitt Michael , Hardy Rachel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Intubation is a life-saving skill that can be difficult to learn and perform.Objective. The intubation time and user preference of four intubation techniques, performed by novices or experienced individuals, were compared.Methods. Enrolled participants were randomly assigned to one of four simulated intubation groups. Each group first performed intubation on the manikin airway without modifications (‘easy’ airway), followed by the same technique on a manikin with modifications to mimic a ‘difficult’ airway. The primary outcome measure was the time taken to inflate the manikin’s lungs with the bag ventilator, with successful intubation.Results. Ninety-eight participants were recruited and grouped according to experience: 59 novices (10 or fewer live intubations) and 39 experts (more than 10 live intubations). The total time to intubation increased significantly from the easy airway to the difficult airway for both expertise levels, and for all intubation techniques except the novel laryngoscope.Conclusion. Repeated exposure to multiple intubation devices can result in an adequate learning curve for the novice participant. The novel laryngoscope is an uncomplicated intubation tool; in this study, it provided novice users who intubate infrequently with a better chance of successful intubation in manikins.
“Preterm birth risk, me?” Women risk perception about premature delivery – a qualitative analysis
Authors: Silva Thaís Valéria , Bento Silvana Ferreira , Katz Leila , Pacagnella Rodolfo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Risk perception is based on collective indicators, but it is influenced by the individual’s self-perception of his health-disease process. This study aims to investigate the risk perception of pregnant who were identified as high-risk for premature birth and to seek strategies for better management of such cases. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study where women who had completed their participation in P5 trial were contacted and invited to answer a structured questionnaire with open questions. Data were collected by telephone and analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis categories were defined, and all the answers were reviewed, categorized, grouped, and a descriptive summary was prepared. Results: 208 Brazilian women have participated.Three categories were identified: 1) Risk perception mediated by health professionals; 2) Self-perception of risk through personal experiences and relationships; 3) Perception of treatment success. After receiving an explanation from a healthcare professional about short cervix and premature birth, women understood the risk of premature delivery, recognizing the importance of early diagnosis to prevent premature birth. Unsuccessful previous experiences in prior pregnancies influenced women's risk perception. Patients believed in the success of the treatment performed, placing their hopes on the treatment even without research guarantees about benefits. Conclusion: Pregnant women’s risk perception regarding prematurity is based partly on personal and family experiences but mainly on information given by healthcare professionals. The risk perception about preterm birth may contribute to healthy pregnancy, guiding necessary interventions and preventing adverse outcomes. Prevention studies on prematurity should thus focus on neonatal outcomes.
Feasibility Study of Transfacet Sacroiliac Screw Fixation Based on Mimics
Authors: Din Yan-ping , Yin Qu-dong , Liu Shuai , Li Dong , Wu Yong-wei , Jiang Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Sacroiliac screw (SIS) has become an effective internal fixation method for sacral fracture and sacroiliac joint dislocation. However, classic placement of SIS has some defects such as possibility of nerve injury with a learning curve and contraindications. An alternative to the classic placement of SIS is expected.Objective: To explore the feasibility of transfacet sacroiliac screw (TFSIS), so as to provide an alternative to the classic placement of SIS.Methods：CT scan data of pelvis in 60 healthy adults including 30 males and 30 females with an average age of 45 years (range 20-70 years), were transferred into a PC. The anatomical parameters of screw channel of TFSIS were measured by simulating the placement of TFSIS by Mimics 16.0 software on the PC. Secondly, according to the anatomical parameters of each pelvis, 5.0 mm and 6.0 mm screws were used respectively to simulate the placement of TFSIS in 30 pelvises to observe the effect of placement.Results： The length of screw channel was (10.84 ± 0.93) cm, the distance between the insertion point and the center of the superior facet of S1 was (1.14 ± 0.93) mm, the distance between the exit point and the upper -posterior border of acetabulum was (5.73 ± 2.57) mm, the anteversion angle between the central axis of the screw channel and the line parallel to the upper endplate of S1 was (53.96±3.94) °, the outward angle between the central axial of the screw channel and the longitudinal axis of the trunk was (47.4 7± 5.13)°, the safety angle in sagittal plane was (13.91 ± 2.92) °, the safety angle in coronal plane was (8.57 ± 1.63) °, the height was (11.91 ± 1.47) mm, and the width was (7.75 ± 0.89) mm. Within the channel for 5.0mm and 6.0mm screws accounted for 100%. Conclusions： Placement of TFSIS with a diameter of 5.0-6.0 mm and a length of 90 mm is safe and feasible, which may be used as an alternative to the classic placement of SIS.
Classification of triple-negative breast cancer based on immune cell infiltration
Authors: Shi Wenji , Wang Dan , Roche Luz Angela Torres-de la , Zhuo Rui , Wilde Rudy Leon De 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

Although the classification system of triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) has become more and more perfect, there is no report on the immune subtype of triple-negative breast cancer based on immune cell infiltration.
Results

According to immune infiltrating cells, data from 360 patients were divided into cluster A (subtype 1 and subtype 3) and cluster B (subtype 2; with poorly immune phenotype). Expression of memory B cells, naïve B cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, CD4 memory activated T cells, and CD4 naïve T cells were significantly higher in cluster A (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression of M2 macrophages and resting mast cells were higher in cluster B (P < 0.05). GSVA results show that B cell receptor pathway and JAK-STAT pathway are activated and more frequently altered in cluster A (P < 0.05). mTOR pathway alterations usually appear in cluster B (P < 0.05). Compared with cluster A, the risk of recurrence in cluster B patients is significantly increased (P < 0.05).
Conclusions

This analysis of tumor microenvironment revealed the multifaceted nature of TNBC and its impact on patient prognosis, being recurrence more often in those with poorly immune phenotype. These results provide a reference for further exploration of the heterogeneity of TNBC.
Systems-wide effects of short-term feed deprivation in obese mice
Authors: Andersen Daniel , Roager Henrik Munch , Zhang Li , Moll Janne Marie , Frandsen Henrik Lauritz , Danneskiold-Samsøe Niels Banhos , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Kristiansen Karsten , Licht Tine Rask , Brix Susanne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

While prolonged fasting induces significant metabolic changes in humans and mice, less is known about systems-wide metabolic changes in response to short-term feed deprivation, which traditionally has been used in experimental animal studies prior to metabolic challenge tests.
Methods

We here performed a systems biology-based investigation of connections between gut bacterial composition and function, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in the intestine, liver, visceral adipose tissue, blood and urine in obese mice that were feed deprived for varying durations up to 12 hours.
Results

Our analysis revealed that increased duration of feed deprivation linked to enhanced intestinal butyric acid production and expression of the gene encoding the pro-thermogenic uncoupling protein UCP1 in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice. Ucp1 expression was also positively associated with Il33 expression in ileum, colon and adipose tissue as well as with the abundance of colonic Porphyromonadaceae, the latter also correlating to cecal butyric acid levels.
Conclusions

The data highlighted presence of a three-tiered system of inter-tissue communication involving intestinal, immune and metabolic functions which is affected by the duration of feed deprivation in obese mice.