bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Functional Variant of CXCL16 Is Associated with Predisposition to Sepsis and MODS in Trauma Patients
Authors: Sun Jianhui , Zhang Huacai , Liu Di , Cui Li , Wang Qiang , Gan Lebin , Wen Dalin , Wang Jun , Du Juan , Huang Hong , Zhang Anqiang , Deng Jin , Jiang Jianxin , Zeng Ling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: CXC chemokine famliy genes play an important role in inflammatory and immune diseases. CXCL16 affects the occurrence and development of inflammation through leukocyte chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion and endotoxin clearance. In this study, we selected a set of tag SNPs in the CXCL16 gene and investigated their clinical relevance to the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with major trauma in three independent Chinese Han populations.Methods: A total of 1,620 major trauma patients were enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 920 came from Chongqing in western China, 350 came from Zhejiang Province in eastern China, and 350 came from Guizhou Province in southern China. The improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) method was employed in the genotyping and genetic association analyses to determine the associations between CXCL16 haplotypes and sepsis morbidity rate and higher MOD scores in three cohorts.Results: The CXCL16 T123V181 haplotype was determined to be associated with increased risk for sepsis morbidity and higher MOD scores in the three cohorts. In vitro chemotactic experiments demonstrated that the T123V181 protein enhanced the chemotaxis of immunocytes. The adhesion ability of THP-1 cells expressing T123V181 to immunocytes was also stronger than those of cells with the other three haplotypes. T123 and V181 altered the structure of the CXCL16 active center, which resulted in changes in protein function and changes in the adhesion and chemotaxis of CXCL16-expressing immunocytes. These structural changes might be responsible for the increased incidence of sepsis and the higher MODS scores.Conclusions: We demonstrate that genetic variations in the CXCL16 gene regulate the sepsis morbidity rate, and we explore a paradigm for the prewarning diagnosis of sepsis tailored to the genetic information of individual patients.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01713205.
Antibiotic Exposure and Growth Patterns in Preterm, Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Pyle Alaina K. , Cantey Joseph B. , Brown L. Steven , Heyne Roy , Wozniak Phillip S. , Heyne Elizabeth , Holcombe Amy , Brammer Elizabeth M. , Lair Cheryl S. , Sanchez Pablo J 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Antibiotic exposure in term infants has been associated with later obesity. Premature, very-low-birth-weight (birth weight ≤1500 grams) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit frequently are exposed to antibiotics. Our hypothesis was that in preterm infants, there is a positive linear and dose-dependent relationship between antibiotic exposure and growth from birth through 12 months’ corrected age.Methods. Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all antibiotic use among inborn, preterm (≤32 weeks’ gestation), very-low-birth-weight infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Parkland Memorial Hospital and followed in the Low Birth Weight Clinic at Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Antibiotic use was quantified by days of therapy which was compared with weight and length parameters at birth, 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, and 2, 4, 6, and 12 months’ corrected age. The change in weight and length z-scores from birth to all subsequent age points was calculated. Stepwise multivariate regression analysis was performed for weight, length, and weight-for-length delta z-scores at each age point. Results. During the 18-month study, 161 infants received a median of 11 (IQR, 5.5-19.5) antibiotic days of therapy which was not associated with weight or length delta z-scores from birth through 12 months’ corrected age.Conclusion. Association of prolonged antibiotic use and neonatal morbidities and mortality may override the potential association with increased weight gain in the NICU and beyond.
Applying Human-centered Design to Maximize Acceptability, Feasibility, and Usability of Mobile Technology Supervision in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Pilot Study Protocol
Authors: Triplett Noah , Munson Sean , Mbwayo Anne , Mutavi Teresia , Weiner Bryan , Collins Pamela , Amanya Cyrilla , Dorsey Shannon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Although research continues to support task-shifting as an effective model of delivering evidence-based practices (EBPs), little scholarship has focused how to scale up and sustain task-shifting in low- and middle-income countries, including how to sustainably supervise lay counselors. Ongoing supervision is critical to ensure EBPs are delivered with fidelity; however, the resources and expertise required to provide ongoing supervision may limit the potential to scale up and sustain task shifting. Opportunities may exist to leverage mobile technology to replace or supplement in-person supervision in low-resource contexts, but contextual variables, such as network connectivity and lay counselor preferences surrounding mobile technology, must be examined and considered when designing and implementing mobile technology supervision.Methods: This study builds from an existing randomized trial in Kenya, wherein teachers and community health volunteers have been trained to provide trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy as lay counselors. The study will use an iterative and mixed methods approach, with qualitative interviews and a Human-Centered Design (HCD) workshop informing a non-randomized pilot trial. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with lay counselors and supervisors to understand how mobile technology is currently being used for supervision and determine the barriers and facilitators to mobile technology supervision. Data from these interviews will inform an HCD workshop, where lay counselors and supervisors “re-design” supervision to most effectively leverage mobile technology. Workshop participants will also participate in focus groups to gather perceptions on the use of HCD techniques. The final outcome of the workshop will be a set of refined workflows, which will be tested in a mixed method, nonrandomized pilot with newly trained lay counselors and existing supervisors. The pilot trial will evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and usability of mobile technology supervision through self-report questionnaires as well as perceptions of effectiveness through qualitative interviews with a subset of lay counselors and all supervisors.Discussion: This study will provide a launching point for future research on supervision and methods to engage stakeholders to design and tailor interventions and implementation supports to fit low-resourced contexts.
Relationship Between the Factors of Spirituality and Self-Esteem in Nurses Working in Palliative Care Wards: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Chugoku Region
Authors: KIYOKO NAGAISHI , Hidemi Sasaki , Yumi Maenobu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundSpirituality in nurses is considered an important aspect of nursing care today. Often, the palliative care ward environment teaches nurses the philosophies of life of dying patients but can leave them feeling powerless from the impact of facing death, which can place them in a state of crisis. However, there are no existing studies that have examined the relationship between the factors of spirituality and self-esteem in nurses working in palliative care wards. This study thus aimed to investigate the relationship between spirituality and self-esteem and to identify the factors of spirituality in nurses working in a palliative care ward.MethodsA survey was conducted on 300 nurses working in a palliative care ward in the Chugoku Region[1]. This study is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Higa’s spirituality rating scale A (SRS-A) and a self-esteem scale was used. Data were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank correlation. ResultsThe nurses surveyed and analyzed had long experience as nurses and all demonstrated motivation in palliative care and were highly interested in spirituality. Among SRS-A subscales, they scored highest for “motivation (M = 9.41 ± 2.04),” and they were strongly affected by items “I want to fulfill my dreams and wishes” about self-realization and “I can choose the way I live.” There were significant differences in transfer to the palliative care ward (self-requested or ordered) (p < 0.01) and whether they had training (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between spiritual and self-esteem (r = .518, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe survey outcomes suggested that the important factors of spirituality intrinsic to nurses working in palliative care wards were a sense of purpose and will to envision self-realization; motivation, which is the source of energy; self-esteem, which increases self-affirmation and self-acceptance; and “educational support,” which translates “experience” into experiential knowledge. Nurses working in palliative care words possess the viewpoints on mortality and life developed through a wealth of experiences in palliative care. Educational support should aim to allow nurses to integrate their experiential knowledge with theoretical knowledge. [1] Chugoku Region: a region of Japan located in the western part of Honshu with area ‎31,921.87 km2, population = ‎7,251,351, and 30 facilities with palliative care wards (as of June 1, 2020).
Proteasome Inhibitor&nbsp;Drives an Anti-tumor Effects of Human Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Correlate&nbsp;with the Emerging Role of&nbsp;Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xu Jiazhi , Wu Haiwei , Sun Jiatong , Gong Zhiyuan , Lu Xiaoya , Yang Enli , Chen Yi , Chen Zhanwei , Huang Shengyun , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background：Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors. Its unique biological characteristics and complex structures contribute to its poor survival rates. Recently, proteasome inhibitors have shown to elicit satisfactory therapeutic effects in the treatment of certain solid tumors, but few studies have been implemented to investigate the effects of proteasome inhibitor therapy for ACC. Methods：In this present study, cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to determine the effects of proteasome inhibitor (MG132) on cell viability and apoptosis. We applied western blot and immunofluorescence staining to explore the expression of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and P62, and utilized Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) to evaluate the role of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway in MG132 induced cell apoptosis.Results： We discovered that MG132 significantly suppressed the growth of ACC-83 cells and induced apoptosis. The application of MG132 induced the up-regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of Nrf2 attenuated the therapeutic effects of MG132 for ACC.Conclusion：our results revealed that proteasome inhibitors might potentially be useful as a promising agent in cancer chemotherapy to treat ACC through activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.
Towards an Integrated Animal Health Surveillance System in Tanzania: Making Better use of Existing and Potential data Sources for Early Warning Surveillance
Authors: George Janeth , Häsler Barbara , Komba Erick , Sindato Calvin , Rweyemamu Mark , Mlangwa James 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Effective animal health surveillance systems require reliable, quality, and timely data for decision-making. The animal health surveillance system in Tanzania has been relying on a few data sources, which suffer from delays in reporting, underreporting, and high cost of data collection and transmission. The integration of data from multiple sources can enhance early detection and response to animal diseases and consequently facilitate the early control of outbreaks. The study aimed to identify and assess the existing and potential data sources for animal health surveillance system in Tanzania and how they can better be used for early warning surveillance. The study used mixed-method design to identify and assess data sources. Data were collected through document reviews, internet search, cross-sectional survey, key informant interviews, site visits, and non-participant observation. The assessment was done using pre-defined criteria.Results: A total of 13 data sources were identified and assessed. Most surveillance data came from livestock farmers, slaughter facilities, and livestock markets, while animal dip sites were the least used sources. Commercial farms and veterinary shops, electronic surveillance tools like AfyaData and Event Mobile Application (EMA-i) and information systems such as Tanzania National Livestock Identification and Traceability System (TANLITS) and Agricultural Routine Data System (ARDS) show potential to generate relevant data for the national animal health surveillance system. The common variables found across most sources were: the name of the place (12/13), animal type/species (12/13), syndromes (10/13) and number of affected animals (8/13). The majority of the sources had good surveillance data contents and were accessible with medium to maximum spatial coverage. However, there was significant variation in terms of data frequency, accuracy and cost. There were limited integration and coordination of data flow from the identified sources with minimum to non-automated data entry and transmission. Conclusion: The study demonstrated how the available data sources have great potential for early warning surveillance in Tanzania. Both existing and potential data sources had complementary strengths and weaknesses; a multi-source surveillance system would be best placed to harness these different strengths.
WITHDRAWN: Responses of the Ecological Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Rotaria Rotatoria to UV-B&nbsp;Radiation
Authors: Zhu Ling-yun , Huang Rong , Chen Ye , Zhou Li-bin , Xi Yi-long , Xiang Xian-ling 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: UVB radiation is an increasing threat to aquatic organisms, and also a potential driving force for zooplankton population dynamics. The bdelloid rotifer, for its parthenogenesis and high resistance to stress, can be used as an excellent model in ecology and evolutionary biology. Given the strong tolerance of bdelloid rotifer to stressors, we hypothesized that it could hold the ability to tolerate significant UV radiation, and this capacity may be associated with the trade-off strategies among life historic components. With this study, to estimate the ecological effects and responses of antioxidant system against UV radiation, the acute lethal, life history strategies, population growth, and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed in the bdelloid Rotaria rotatoria after exposure to UV-B radiation. Results: The persistence of tolerance (evaluating by LT50) in rotifer to stress was playing a more vital role than the radiation dose (LD50) in survival, with a significant negative correlation between the radiation intensity and LT50. The larger the culture volume, the weaker the lethal effect. Rotifers prolonged their first reproductive time (JP), and shortened their reproductive period (RP) and longevity with the increasing of radiation dose, and the fecundity was significant inhibited by UV-B radiation. These responses can be taken as energy trade-off to retard their mortality. The population density of rotifers increased at the lowest dose of radiation, and then descended with the increasing of UVR dose, and this pattern was also corroborated by detecting the content of SOD and CAT, which suggested that hormesis also applies to R. rotatoria under UV-B radiation stress. The enzyme SOD has higher level of content and more sensitive to low UVR than CAT.Conclusions: The lethal effects of UV-B radiation to organisms depends not only on the conditions they exposed to, like as intensity and time of exposure, but also combination of factors namely, the type and effectiveness of the strategy they employ to cope with the changed environment. The species specificity, ages and physiological status also could be the regulating factors under the stresses, also in this case there was the strategy of energy trade-off between reproduction and survival in rotifers.
Defining Kawasaki Disease and Pediatric Multi-Inflammatory Syndrome During SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Italy: Results From A National, Multicenter Survey.
Authors: Cattalini Marco , Paolera Sara Della , Zunica Fiammetta , Bracaglia Claudia , Giangreco Manuela , Verdoni Lucio , Meini Antonella , Sottile Rita , Caorsi Roberta , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Fabi Marianna , Montin Davide , Meneghel Alessandra , Consolaro Alessandro , Dellepiane Rosa Maria , Maggio Maria Cristina , Torre Francesco La , Marchesi Alessandra , Simonini Gabriele , Villani Alberto , Cimaz Rolando , Ravelli Angelo , Taddio Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: There is mounting evidence on the existence of a Pediatric Multi-inflammatory Syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS), sharing similarities with Kawasaki Disease (KD). The main outcome of the study were to better characterize the clinical features and the treatment response of PIMS-TS and to explore its relationship with KD determining whether KD and PIMS are two distinct entities.Methods: The Rheumatology Study Group of the Italian Pediatric Society launched a survey to enroll patients diagnosed with KD (Kawasaki Disease Group – KDG) or KD-like (Kawacovid Group - KCG) disease. Demographic, clinical, laboratory data, treatment information, and patients’ outcome were collected in an online anonymized database (RedCAP). Relationship between clinical presentation and SARS-CoV-2 infection was also taken into account. Chi square test or exact Fisher test and non-parametric Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test were used to study differences between two groupsResults: One-hundred-forty-nine cases were enrolled, (96 KDG and 53 KCG). KCG children were significantly older and presented more frequently from gastrointestinal and respiratory involvement. Cardiac involvement was more common in KCG, with 60,4% of patients with myocarditis and 37,8% with hypotension/non-cardiogenic shock. Coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) were more common in the KDG. The risk of ICU admission were higher in KCG. Lymphopenia, higher CRP levels, elevated Ferritin and Troponin-T characterized KCG. KDG received more frequently immunoglobulins (IVIG) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (81,3% vs 66%; p=0.04 and 71,9% vs 43,4%; p=0.001 respectively) as KCG more often received glucocorticoids (56,6% vs 14,6%; p<0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 assay more often resulted positive in KCG than in KDG (75,5% vs 20%; p<0.0001). Short-term follow data showed minor complications. Comparing KDG with a KD-Historical Italian cohort (598 patients), no statistical difference was found in terms of clinical manifestations and laboratory data.Conclusion: Our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection might determine two distinct inflammatory diseases in children: KD and PIMS-TS. Older age at onset and clinical peculiarities like the occurrence of myocarditis characterize this multi-inflammatory syndrome. Our patients had an optimal response to treatments and a good outcome, with few complications and no deaths.
Early contraceptive implants removal and its associated factors among women using implants at National Referral hospital, Kampala Uganda.
Authors: Ssebatta Gerald , Kaye Dan , Mbalinda Scovia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background. Early discontinuation of implant contraceptive methods and reasons for discontinuation remains a major concern for family planning programs and is generally higher in developing countries. Discontinuation is closely related to higher rates of the overall fertility rate, unwanted pregnancies leading to possibly induced abortion. The proportion and factors associated with early contraceptive implant removal are not well known in Uganda. The objective of the study was to determine the magnitude of early implants discontinuation among women receiving implants services in the study area and the factors associated with it. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 2nd January to 3rd March 2020 through a face-to-face interview. A total of 207 Implant user women were selected by systematic random sampling technique. SPSS version 20 was used for both data entry and analysis. Factors associated with early Implant discontinuation were analyzed using a binary and multivariable logistic regression model. Variables with a p-value of <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. Results. The proportion of early implant discontinuation was 42%. Factors associated with early implant discontinuation included; experience of side effects (OR= 2.629; 95%CI: 1.095-6.314; P= 0.031), not having received pre-insertion counseling about the benefits and side effects of contraceptive implants (OR= 2.565; 95%CI: 1.190-5.532; P= 0.016) and staying in rural areas (OR= 2.390; 95%CI: 1.229-4.648; P= 0.010). Conclusion. Nearly one in every two mothers have early discontinuation of contraceptive implants. Factors associated with early implant removal were the experience of side effects, lack of effective counseling before insertion, and staying in rural areas. Hence, health workers should provide adequate counseling services before insertion of the implant with emphasis on possible side effects and their immediate management. Spouses, where possible, should be involved during the counselling to increase implant retention. Also proper screening of women for pregnancy before insertion of an implant should be routine.