bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event study methodology in business research: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Qian , Ngai Eric W.T. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study aims to provide an objective analysis of the state-of-the-art and intellectual development of publications related to event study methodology in business research.Design/methodology/approachThe sample includes 1,219 papers related to event study methodology, covering all business disciplines and spanning 34 years from 1983 to 2016.FindingsThrough three stages of primary analysis, namely, initial sample, citation and co-citation analyses, the authors identified the publication trends, supplementary techniques, influential publications and intellectual clusters in the area of event study methodology in business.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings serve as a benchmark for the extensive literature related to event study methodology in business and may facilitate the transference of the amassed useful techniques among disciplines and the identification of future research directions.Originality/valueThe current study represents as a pioneering effort to review event study-related publications using bibliometric analysis.
Does a salary premium exist for offensive output in Major League Baseball?
Authors: Ehrlich Justin , Perline Justin , Potter Joel , Sanders Shane 
Published: September 2020

PurposeIn baseball, a run scored on offense carries the same on-field (win) value as does a run prevented on defense. Both outcomes bear the same score margin implication. This presumption of unit equality is implicit in the Wins Above Replacement (WAR) measure, which treats units of offensive WAR (oWAR) and units of defensive WAR (dWAR) as perfectly substitutable toward win production. The purpose of this paper is to ask whether the salaries of Major League Baseball (MLB) players reveal such an equal valuation among MLB teams.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine the relationship between offensive output, defensive output and subsequent salary from free agency in MLB using a set of log-linear OLS, fixed effects regression specifications.FindingsIn general, estimated annual salary from free agency increases significantly and substantially with unit increases in a player's (prior season) wins above replacement WAR. Across specifications, the authors estimate a 42.5–43.4% increase in salary for year t for each additional unit of WAR in yeart−1. The authors disaggregate WAR into offensive and defensive components (oWAR and dWAR) and estimate a 52.4–53.3 (4.8–7.2)% increase in salary for each additional unit of oWAR (dWAR).Originality/valueThe efficiency of the baseball labor market has been studied previously with mixed results. The novelty of the present study is its treatment of inputs not as positions or individual players but as the underlying offensive and defensive win production of players. The authors estimate free agency salary returns to (contract season) oWAR and dWAR in MLB to establish whether (to what extent) a salary premium for offensive output exists within MLB.
Are Patagonia grasslands being overgrazed? A response to Marino et al. (2020)
Authors: Oliva Gabriel , Paredes Paula , Ferrante Daniela , Cepeda Carla , Rabinovich Jorge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Based upon primary productivity estimates, Oliva et al. (2019) concluded that, at the end of last century and after long periods of overgrazing, Patagonia's domestic stocks adjusted to regional‐scale herbivore carrying capacity. Populations of guanaco, a native camelid, increased thereafter, driving combined grazing pressures once again over carrying capacity in some areas.

Marino et al. (2020) argued that grazing is not really at equilibrium because domestic stocks are concentrated in areas that remain overgrazed. They support the ideas that guanaco density is auto‐regulated by resource‐defence territoriality, and that guanacos are weak competitors with domestic stock, occupying only marginal areas. In their view, Oliva et al. (2019) put guanacos in the role of scapegoats, leaving domestic stocks unchecked.

Equilibrium at regional scale does not preclude overgrazing and under‐grazing at local scales. By separating areas with and without domestic stocks, Marino et al. (2020) estimated overgrazing at 28% in Chubut Province and 73% in Santa Cruz Province. Our recalculations show 28% and 47% domestic overgrazing, respectively. However, when combined with guanaco densities, these increase to 48% for Chubut and 108% for Santa Cruz.

We question the hypothesised lack of competitive value and efficient self‐regulating mechanisms that would prevent guanaco populations from overshooting carrying capacity. A dataset of 13 sheep farms showed mean density of 26 ± 3.8 guanacos/km2 and high combined grazing pressures. This was also observed in a protected area of Chubut that reached 42 guanacos/km2 and crashed during drought, with 60% mortality. Thereafter, guanacos increased to 70 guanacos/km2, with recruitment rates that showed a complex response of density dependence but remained relatively elevated at densities above the estimated carrying capacity.

Synthesis and applications. Marino et al. (2020) are right to question the apparent equilibrium of domestic stocks that are concentrated in areas that may be still overgrazed. But ground data show that guanaco populations have inefficient density population regulation and can reach densities well over carrying capacity, even in the presence of sheep. This does not mean that the main control should be on growing guanaco populations but it stresses our conclusion that joint management of the native‐domestic herbivore system is urgently needed. Joint management can be effected through local plans, as current guanaco management permits can only be issued in areas that are not overgrazed by sheep. Farm management plans may in this way transform an apparent competitor into a valuable resource, complementary to sheep raising.
Jung and the spirit: a review of Jung’s discussions of the phenomenon of spirit
Authors: Gitz‐Johansen Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe phenomenon of spirit is a topic discussed frequently by Jung throughout his writings although spirit is not always considered to be central to the practice of analytical psychology. This article points to the importance of spirit in analytical psychology by presenting a survey of Jung’s discussions of spirit. In Jung’s discussions, spirit is not treated as an abstract concept but as an empirical phenomenon: to Jung, spirit is a psychological reality that can be described and whose effects can be experienced. Spirit is both described as an archetype and as a component of all archetypes. Spirit is related to the principle of life itself and is a prerequisite of both personal and cultural development and transformation. The article documents how Jung’s understanding of spirit developed over time and in relation to different topics: Freud’s psychoanalysis, the Red Book, fairy‐tales, Christianity, Nietzsche’s book on Zarathustra, Germany in the 1930’s, alchemy, and creative work. The paper concludes with a discussion of the relevance of spirit to clinical practice.
Photographic comparison of surface topography as a viable solution when physical match is challenging
Authors: Finkelstein Nir S. , Levy Ophir , Levi Aviad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhysical matching methods are a family of well‐known methods that are utilized in order to determine whether two pieces of a tearable/breakable material used to be one object. When performing physical match of polymers, it is sometimes difficult to reach an unambiguous conclusion. This is due to various reasons. One is when the tear/fracture resides in an inaccessible or hidden‐from‐view region of the piece. Another is when the shape of the tear/fracture at the object's tear/fracture line is insufficient for deducing a complete match. Third is deficiency of material along this line. These are examples of processes where the line is affected so drastically, so that a match renders impossible. Specifically, when addressing elastic materials, the tear/fracture line may even be squashed. This may also be a reason for difficulty in performing a physical match. In this paper, a method is proposed where a match is alternatively achieved by means of photographic comparison of marks on the surface topography of the pieces‐in‐question. Comparisons of pairs of torn pieces of silicon rubber were made. The procedure involved photography of the surface topography the pieces. Then, the photographs were horizontally mirror‐flipped. Lastly, a comparison was made between two photographs: a photograph of one piece and a mirror‐flipped photograph of the opposite piece. The results show that after comparing the pieces to one another, only one unique pair turned out to be positively matched. Using the proposed method, not only the comparison is done by a more informative method (comparing to physical match), it is also more convenient, faster, less expensive, and technically simpler.
Smoke and Mirrors? Disclosures in the Marijuana Industry in Canada
Authors: Mangen Claudine , Paduano Alexia , Paduano Bianca , Hadzurik Jessica , Leggio Juliano , Russo Kayla 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLicensed producers (LPs) of marijuana in Canada are embedded in a highly competitive industry where they raise funds from investors to finance their growth. They face substantial risks from the uncertain legal status of marijuana and from its unsettled health and safety consequences. We argue that this context stands to have implications for the disclosures of firms in the marijuana industry. We rely on a multicase study of three large Canadian LPs to explore their mandatory and voluntary disclosures during the third quarter of 2018. We find that their mandatory interim disclosures are largely consistent with disclosure rules that target marijuana operations. We also find that they make voluntary disclosures relevant for their context (e.g., about risks from legal, health, and safety consequences), and that there is variation in these disclosures. We use our findings as a springboard for discussing the antecedents of mandatory and voluntary disclosures in the marijuana industry (i.e., proprietary costs, investor interest, detection costs of selective disclosures), and their consequence (i.e., lack of comparability). We offer suggestions for future research.
Advancing Sustainability Reporting in Canada: 2019 Report on Progress
Authors: Cho Charles H. , Bohr Kathrin , Choi Tony Jaehyun , Partridge Katharine , Shah Jhankrut Mukesh , Swierszcz Ada 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTThis study examines the progress Canada's largest companies are making in their environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosures. Given the introduction of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) as well as the issuance of the Task Force on Climate‐Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations, our research reflects the uptake of these guidance documents by both mature and new reporters. Our analysis suggests that challenges persist—processes and progress often fail to reach investors as they are “lost in translation” when issued through third‐party ESG information providers, and reporters are also pressured to respond to a myriad of requests for information from rating and reporting agencies. Nevertheless, we note that Canada has new reporting sectors that must mature to survive the scrutiny of the markets and also hope that stock markets will respond to the recent announcement by the 181 CEOs of the U.S. Business Roundtable, who committed to lead their companies for the benefit of all stakeholders—customers, employees, suppliers, communities, and shareholders. Overall, we believe that our research will provide food for thought for companies interested in continuous improvement.
Cellular senescence as a potential mediator of COVID‐19 severity in the elderly
Authors: Nehme Jamil , Borghesan Michela , Mackedenski Sebastian , Bird Thomas G. , Demaria Marco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 is a novel betacoronavirus which infects the lower respiratory tract and can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), a complex respiratory distress syndrome. Epidemiological data show that COVID‐19 has a rising mortality particularly in individuals with advanced age. Identifying a functional association between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and the process of biological aging may provide a tractable avenue for therapy to prevent acute and long‐term disease. Here, we discuss how cellular senescence—a state of stable growth arrest characterized by pro‐inflammatory and pro‐disease functions—can hypothetically be a contributor to COVID‐19 pathogenesis, and a potential pharmaceutical target to alleviate disease severity. First, we define why older COVID‐19 patients are more likely to accumulate high levels of cellular senescence. Second, we describe how senescent cells can contribute to an uncontrolled SARS‐CoV‐2‐mediated cytokine storm and an excessive inflammatory reaction during the early phase of the disease. Third, we discuss the various mechanisms by which senescent cells promote tissue damage leading to lung failure and multi‐tissue dysfunctions. Fourth, we argue that a high senescence burst might negatively impact on vaccine efficacy. Measuring the burst of cellular senescence could hypothetically serve as a predictor of COVID‐19 severity, and targeting senescence‐associated mechanisms prior and after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection might have the potential to limit a number of severe damages and to improve the efficacy of vaccinations.
Perceived Control Buffers the Effects of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on General Health and Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distance
Authors: Zheng Lei , Miao Miao , Gan Yiqun 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundWays to maintain good health during a pandemic are very important for the general population; however, little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on individuals’ life satisfaction and perceived general health. This study aimed to examine the effects of COVID‐19 on life satisfaction and perceived general health and reveal the buffering effect of perceived control on coping with COVID‐19.MethodsWe collected 1,847 participants’ data from 31 pandemic‐affected provinces in China and obtained regional epidemic data of the same provinces. We employed a moderated mediation model with both individuals’ self‐report data and regional epidemic data to verify the hypotheses.ResultsPsychological distance mediated the relationships of regional pandemic severity with perceived general health and life satisfaction. Perceived control moderated the detrimental effects of regional pandemic severity through the moderating effects of regional pandemic severity on psychological distance, as well as the moderating effects of psychological distance on life satisfaction.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that perceived control may act as a protective factor buffering the psychological impact of the pandemic on general health and life satisfaction. Psychological distance can serve as a mediator that explains how the COVID‐19 pandemic impacts perceived general health and life satisfaction.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: abnormalities in the international normalised ratio do not correlate with periprocedural bleeding events among patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Kovalic Alexander J. , Majeed Chaudry Nasir , Samji Naga Swetha , Thuluvath Paul J. , Satapathy Sanjaya K. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryBackgroundCirrhotic coagulopathy is a delicate interplay comprising deficiencies of both procoagulant and anticoagulant factors.AimTo identify the relationship between international normalised ratio [INR] with periprocedural bleeding risk among patients with cirrhosis.MethodsFollowing a thorough database search of the primary literature, 29 studies were targeted for analysis, including 13 276 patients with cirrhosis undergoing indicated procedures.ResultsThere was no significant association between periprocedural bleeding events and pre‐procedural INR [pooled odds ratio 1.52; 95% CI 0.99, 2.33; P = 0.06]. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in mean INR [pooled mean difference 0.05; 95% CI −0.03, 0.13; P = 0.23] upon comparison of patients who either did or did not experience a periprocedural bleeding event. Significant heterogeneity among some studies was primarily fuelled by significant subgroup effects of both specific procedure types performed. Additionally, there were markedly inconsistent transfusion practices across studies.ConclusionsINR fails to serve as a significant correlate for periprocedural bleeding events among patients with cirrhosis. Ideally, these new findings will help serve as a springboard for future studies, as well as to minimize transfusion of blood products, which command a myriad of adverse effects among patients with cirrhosis.
The roles of carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis
Authors: Daunys Simonas , Petrikaitė Vilma 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe main function of carbonic anhydrases (CAs) in cancer cells is the pH regulation through a conversion of H2O and CO2 to H+ and HCO3−. However, the data of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that transmembrane isoforms of CA IX and CA XII are involved in various steps of cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. According to literature, inhibition of these CAs can affect the expression of multiple proteins. Some scientific groups have reported the possible interactions between CA IX and E‐cadherin–catenin system, CA IX and integrins, CA IX, CA XII and ion transporters, which all are highly involved in cell‐to‐cell adhesion, the formation of membrane protrusions and focal adhesions. Nevertheless, CA IX and CA XII have a high impact on tumour growth and metastases formation. The data discussed in this review are quite recent. It highly support the role of CA IX and CA XII in various cancer metastasis processes through their interactions to other invasion proteins. Nevertheless, all findings show the great potential of these CAs in the context of research and application in clinical use.
A 6 Ma record of palaeodenudation in the central Himalayas from in situ cosmogenic 10Be in the Surai section
Authors: Charreau Julien , Lavé Jérôme , France‐Lanord Christian , Puchol Nicolas , Blard Pierre‐Henri , Pik Raphaël , Gajurel Ananta Prasad ,   ASTER Team
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo better constrain late Neogene denudation of the Himalayas, we analysed in situ 10Be concentrations in 17 Neogene sediment samples of the Surai section (central Nepal) and two modern sediment samples of the Rapti River. We first refined the depositional ages of the Surai section from 36 new paleomagnetic analyses, five 26Al/10Be burial ages, and, based on the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm, 104 automatically calculated likely magnetostratigraphic correlations. We also traced changing sediment sources using major element and Sr‐Nd isotopic data, finding at 4–3 Ma a switch from a large, trans‐Himalayan river to a river draining only the Lesser Himalaya and Siwalik piedmont, increasing the contribution of recycled sediments at that time. 10Be concentrations in Neogene sediments range from (1.00 ± 0.36) to (5.22 ± 0.98) × 103 at g–1 and decrease with stratigraphic age. Based on a flood plain transport model, our refined age model, and assuming a drainage change at 4–3 Ma, we reconstructed 10Be concentrations at the time of deposition. Assuming cosmogenic production rates similar to those of the modern basins, we calculated palaeodenudation rates of 0.9 ± 0.5 to 3.9 ± 2.7 mm a–1 from ca. 6 to 3 Ma in the palaeo‐Karnali basin and 0.6 ± 0.2 to 1.6 ± 0.8 mm a–1 since ca. 3 Ma in the palaeo‐Rapti basin. Given the uncertainties and similar modern values of ~2 mm a–1, the palaeo‐Karnali denudation rates may have been steady at ~1.7 ± 0.3 mm a–1 for the last ca. 6 Ma. A transient acceleration of the denudation in the palaeo‐Rapti basin of ~1.5 mm a–1 since ca. 1.5 Ma was likely due to the reworking of older, 10Be‐depleted Siwalik sediments in the foreland. If true, this steadiness of the denudation rates may suggest that Quaternary glaciations did not largely affect Himalayan denudation.
Reconstructing the level of the central Red Sea evaporites at the end of the Miocene
Authors: Mitchell Neil C. , Shi Wen , Izzeldin A.Y. , Stewart Ian C. F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReconstructing the original depositional level of the Mesozoic and older c‘salt giants’ can reveal if their basins became filled to global sea level, but is complicated by dissolution, diapirism and because the time elapsed is so great. This is less of a problem in the Red Sea, a young rift basin that is transitioning to an ocean basin and where the evaporites away from coastal fringes are less affected by diapirism. In this study, we explore vertical movements of the evaporite surface of the central Red Sea imaged with deep seismic profiling, for the period of time after most evaporite deposition ended at 5.3 Ma (the Miocene‐Pliocene boundary). This boundary is readily mapped across the basin as a prominent reflection in seismic data correlated with stratigraphy at three DSDP sites. We quantify changes in the average elevation of the evaporite surface due to (a) thermal lithospheric subsidence, (b) isostatic loading by Plio‐Pleistocene sediments and water, (c) deflation needed to balance the volume of evaporites overflowing oceanic crust of 5.3 Ma age, (d) loss of halite by dissolution and (e) dynamic topography. Our best estimate of the evaporite level (−132 m air‐loaded or −192 m water‐loaded) lies below the range of estimated global sea level towards the end of the Miocene, suggesting that the basin remained under‐filled. If geological interpretations of shallow water conditions existing at the end of the Miocene (Zeit Formation) are correct, this implies that the water level of the Red Sea declined and was unstable. These calculations illustrate how spreading of evaporites can enhance thermal subsidence to cause rapid development of accommodation space above major evaporite bodies, which in the Red Sea case has remained largely unfilled.
Fine‐scale habitat heterogeneity influences browsing damage by elephant and giraffe
Authors: Kimuyu Duncan M. , Kenfack David , Musili Paul M. , Ang’ila Robert O. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEffects of large mammalian herbivores on woody vegetation tend to be heterogeneous in space and time, but the factors that drive such heterogeneity are poorly understood. We examined the influence of fine‐scale habitat heterogeneity on the distribution and browsing effects of two of the largest African terrestrial mammals, the elephant and giraffe. We conducted this study within a 120‐ha (500 x 2,400 m) ForestGEO long‐term vegetation monitoring plot located at Mpala Research Center, Kenya. The plot traverses three distinct topographic habitats (“plateau,” “steep slopes,” and “valley”) with contrasting elevation, slope, soil properties, and vegetation composition. To quantify browsing damage, we focused on Acacia mellifera, a palatable tree species that occurs across the three habitat categories. Overall tree density, species richness, and diversity were highest on the steep slopes and lowest on the plateau. Acacia mellifera trees were tallest and had the lowest number of stems per tree on the steep slopes. Both elephant and giraffe avoided the steep slopes, and their activity was higher during the wet season than during the dry season. Browsing damage on Acacia mellifera was lowest on the steep slopes. Elephant browsing damage was highest in the valley, whereas giraffe browsing damage was highest on the plateau. Our findings suggest that fine‐scale habitat heterogeneity is an important factor in predicting the distribution of large herbivores and their effects on vegetation and may interact with other drivers such as edaphic variations to influence local variation in vegetation structure and composition.