bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Use-Wear Analysis and Experimentation as Applied to the Study of Past Hominin Tool Use
Authors: Marreiros João , Calandra Ivan , Gneisinger Walter , Paixão Eduardo , Pedergnana Antonella , Schunk Lisa 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn prehistoric human populations, technologies played a fundamental role in the acquisition of different resources and are represented in the main daily living activities, such as with bone, wooden, and stone-tipped spears for hunting, and chipped-stone tools for butchering. Considering that paleoanthropologists and archeologists are focused on the study of different processes involved in the evolution of human behavior, investigating how hominins acted in the past through the study of evidence on archeological artifacts is crucial. Thus, investigating tool use is of major importance for a comprehensive understanding of all processes that characterize human choices of raw materials, techniques, and tool types. Many functional assumptions of tool use have been based on tool design and morphology according to archeologists’ interpretations and ethnographic observations. Such assumptions are used as baselines when inferring human behavior and have driven an improvement in the methods and techniques employed in functional studies over the past few decades. Here, while arguing that use-wear analysis is a key discipline to assess past hominin tool use and to interpret the organization and variability of artifact types in the archeological record, we aim to review and discuss the current state-of-the-art methods, protocols, and their limitations. In doing so, our discussion focuses on three main topics: (1) the need for fundamental improvements by adopting established methods and techniques from similar research fields, (2) the need to implement and combine different levels of experimentation, and (3) the crucial need to establish standards and protocols in order to improve data quality, standardization, repeatability, and reproducibility. By adopting this perspective, we believe that studies will increase the reliability and applicability of use-wear methods on tool function. The need for a holistic approach that combines not only use-wear traces but also tool technology, design, curation, durability, and efficiency is also debated and revised. Such a revision is a crucial step if archeologists want to build major inferences on human decision-making behavior and biocultural evolution processes.
Overview of Exercise Prescription for Diabetes Patients and Its Application in Japan
Authors: Sato Yuzo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the Westernization of dietary habits and increasingly sedentary lifestyle have contributed to a marked increase in the number of type 2 diabetes patients. Sedentary behavior may play a significant role in the development and aggravation of type 2 diabetes. The results of various follow-up studies have demonstrated that proper diet combined with physical exercise is useful in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. A nationwide survey regarding exercise therapy for diabetes patients in Japan revealed that relatively few physicians provide patients with exercise guidance because of time constraints, that the physicians do not receive additional consultation fee, and that there is a lack of specialized physical exercise educators. Physical exercise promotes the utilization of glucose and free fatty acids in the muscles, and thus lowers blood glucose (BG) levels. Dietary restriction and physical exercise are effective in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes by improving the in vivo sensitivity to insulin. Most adults with diabetes should engage in 150 min or more of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic activity per week, spread out over at least 3 days/week, with no more than two consecutive days without activity. Mild-intensity resistance training such as half squat and calf raise is recommended for elderly individuals who have decreased muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia). Prolonged sitting should be interrupted every 30 min for BG benefits, particularly in adults with type 2 diabetes. Individuals with type 2 diabetes are also encouraged to increase their total daily unstructured physical activity (daily movement).
Boundedness of dyadic maximal operators on variable Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Weisz Ferenc 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe introduce three types of dyadic maximal operators and prove that under some conditions on the variable exponent $$p(\cdot )$$

p
(
·
)

, they are bounded on $$L_{p(\cdot )}$$

L

p
(
·
)

if $$1<p_-\le p_+<\infty $$

1
<

p
-

≤

p
+

<
∞

. Here we correct Theorem 4.2 of the paper, Szarvas and Weisz (Banach J Math Anal 13:675–696, 2019).
Influence of Optic Nerve Appearance on Visual Outcome in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Micieli Jonathan A. , Bruce Beau B. , Vasseneix Caroline , Blanch Richard J. , Berezovsky Damian E. , Newman Nancy J. , Biousse Valérie , Peragallo Jason H. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT:Objectives:To determine whether optic disc hemorrhages (ODH) and cotton wool spots (CWS) at presentation are associated with worse visual outcomes in pediatric patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).Methods:Retrospective institutional review of 100 eyes of 50 consecutive pediatric IIH patients (aged 16 years or less) who had baseline optic disc photographs before or within 30 days of their diagnostic lumbar puncture and initiation of medical treatment. Optic disc photographs were independently graded by three ophthalmologists in a standardized manner. Visual function was assessed using visual acuity (VA) and visual field grade (VFG).Results:At least one ODH was found in 41% of eyes, at least one CWS was found in 27% of eyes, and 20% of eyes had both ODH and CWS. At presentation, Frisén grade was associated with the presence of CWS (p = 0.013) and showed no association with ODH (p = 0.060). When controlling for Frisén grade, ODH and CWS were not associated with worse VA or VFG at final follow-up. Severe ODH were associated with worse VA and VFG at presentation (p < 0.03), but not at final follow-up. Severe CWS at presentation was strongly associated with a worse Humphrey mean deviation of 5.0 dB (95% confidence interval 1.6–8.3) at final follow-up (p = 0.002).Conclusion:When controlling for the severity of papilledema, ODH do not provide any additional prognostic value in pediatric IIH patients. Frisén grade and severe CWS at presentation were independently associated with worse visual outcomes at the final follow-up.
A call to action to address rural mental health disparities
Authors: Morales Dawn A. , Barksdale Crystal L. , Beckel-Mitchener Andrea C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRural residents in the USA experience significant disparities in mental health outcomes even though the prevalence of mental illness in rural and metropolitan areas is similar. This is a persistent problem that requires innovative approaches to resolve. Adopting and appropriately modifying the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework are the potential approaches to understanding how these disparities might be addressed through research. Using this research framework can facilitate interrogation of multiple levels of influence, encompassing complex domains of influence and consideration of the entire life course trajectory, which is consistent with several National Institute of Mental Health priorities.
The Gift of Testimony
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper I argue that in Western contemporary societies testimony is structured by norms of reciprocation and thus is best understood as involving the exchange of gifts rather than, as philosophers and game theorists have tended to presume, market transactions. My argument is based on an initial analysis of the reactive attitudes that are exhibited in testimonial exchanges. I highlight the central role played by the reciprocating attitudes of gratitude and gratification respectively in the recipient and the donor of testimony. This analysis leads to an account of the speech act of telling that is the primary vehicle of testimony. Telling, I argue, is a commissive but it is not, as it is usually presumed, akin to promising. Instead, its nature is that of an offer of a gift. Finally, I develop an account of the norms of trust and trustfulness as reciprocating social norms. I show that adopting these norms provides a particularly effective solution of the problem of cooperation. The solution is particularly effective because it incentivises both the sharing of epistemic goods and the acquisition of further such goods so that one is able to share them.
An Interactionist Approach to Cognitive Debiasing
Authors: Bland Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper examines three programmatic responses to the problem of cognitive bias: virtue epistemology, epistemic paternalism, and epistemic collectivism. Each of these programmes focuses on asinglelevel of epistemic analysis: virtue theorists on individuals, paternalists on environments, and collectivists on groups. I argue that this is a mistake in light of the fact that cognitive biases arise frominteractionsbetween these three domains. Consequently, epistemologists should spend less time defending these programmes, and more timecoordinatingthem. This paper offers empirically based arguments for the interactionist approach, and contends that its adoption is an essential step for minimizing bias in empirical science.
Sorting between and within coalitions: the Italian case (2001–2008)
Authors: Bergman Matthew Edward 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHow do voters sort within an electoral coalition? Voting literatures on ideology, character valence, and issue ownership provide explanations for inter-coalition or inter-party voting, yet the coalition context remains understudied. Do voters in proportional coalition-based systems use the same ideological and issue-based heuristics ascribed to them in two-party systems that favor single-party government? Voting behavior in Italy in the 2000s is used to explore this question. This paper examines what motivates the voters of the large center-left and center-right coalitions, specifically whether ideology, economic issues, or other considerations lead voters to select their party of choice. Results indicate that, on average, voters select a coalition ideologically-proximal and deemed the more competent on issues, while they select a specific party based upon character and reputation issues. Findings thus suggest that voters sort for both coalition and party-specific reasons.
A model for the spreading of fake news
Authors: Mahmoud Hosam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe introduce a model for the spreading of fake news in a community of size n. There are
$j_n = \alpha n - g_n$
active gullible persons who are willing to believe and spread the fake news, the rest do not react to it. We address the question ‘How long does it take for
$r = \rho n - h_n$
persons to become spreaders?’ (The perturbation functions
$g_n$
and
$h_n$
are o(n), and
$0\le \rho \le \alpha\le 1$
.) The setup has a straightforward representation as a convolution of geometric random variables with quadratic probabilities. However, asymptotic distributions require delicate analysis that gives a somewhat surprising outcome. Normalized appropriately, the waiting time has three main phases: (a) away from the depletion of active gullible persons, when
$0< \rho < \alpha$
, the normalized variable converges in distribution to a Gumbel random variable; (b) near depletion, when
$0< \rho = \alpha$
, with
$h_n - g_n \to \infty$
, the normalized variable also converges in distribution to a Gumbel random variable, but the centering function gains weight with increasing perturbations; (c) at almost complete depletion, when
$r = j -c$
, for integer
$c\ge 0$
, the normalized variable converges in distribution to a convolution of two independent generalized Gumbel random variables. The influence of various perturbation functions endows the three main phases with an infinite number of phase transitions at the seam lines.
A renewal theory approach to two-state switching problems with infinite values
Authors: Ekström Erik , Olofsson Marcus , Vannestål Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study a renewal theory approach to perpetual two-state switching problems with infinite value functions. Since the corresponding value functions are infinite, the problems fall outside the standard class of problems which can be analyzed using dynamic programming. Instead, we propose an alternative formulation of optimal switching theory in which optimality of a strategy is defined in terms of its long-term mean return, which can be determined using renewal theory. The approach is illustrated by examples in connection with trend-following strategies in finance.
Uniform asymptotic normality of weighted sums of short-memory linear processes
Authors: Norvaiša Rimas , Račkauskas Alfredas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLet
$X_1, X_2,\dots$
be a short-memory linear process of random variables. For
$1\leq q<2$
, let
${\mathcal{F}}$
be a bounded set of real-valued functions on [0, 1] with finite q-variation. It is proved that
$\{n^{-1/2}\sum_{i=1}^nX_i\,f(i/n)\colon f\in{\mathcal{F}}\}$
converges in outer distribution in the Banach space of bounded functions on
${\mathcal{F}}$
as
$n\to\infty$
. Several applications to a regression model and a multiple change point model are given.
Some new results on stochastic comparisons of coherent systems using signatures
Authors: Amini-Seresht Ebrahim , Khaledi Baha-Eldin , Kochar Subhash 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider coherent systems with independent and identically distributed components. While it is clear that the system’s life will be stochastically larger when the components are replaced with stochastically better components, we show that, in general, similar results may not hold for hazard rate, reverse hazard rate, and likelihood ratio orderings. We find sufficient conditions on the signature vector for these results to hold. These results are combined with other well-known results in the literature to get more general results for comparing two systems of the same size with different signature vectors and possibly with different independent and identically distributed component lifetimes. Some numerical examples are also provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
On the occupancy problem for a regime-switching model
Authors: Grabchak Michael , Kelbert Mark , Paris Quentin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article studies the expected occupancy probabilities on an alphabet. Unlike the standard situation, where observations are assumed to be independent and identically distributed, we assume that they follow a regime-switching Markov chain. For this model, we (1) give finite sample bounds on the expected occupancy probabilities, and (2) provide detailed asymptotics in the case where the underlying distribution is regularly varying. We find that in the regularly varying case the finite sample bounds are rate optimal and have, up to a constant, the same rate of decay as the asymptotic result.
Rationalising corporate disregard
Authors: Dignam Alan , Oh Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe area of corporate disregard has a poor reputation for certainty of reasoning. To provide an alternative way of approaching the issue, we conducted an empirical study of the relationship between rationale and outcome within UK corporate disregard cases from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. We examine the evidence from three perspectives. First, we examine the broad range of instrumental rationales found in the case law by disregard rates in order to identify where issues might be arising with individual rationales. Secondly, as suggested in the wider empirical literature, we examine the rationale rates by jurisdiction in order to see whether there were problematic interpretation issues concentrated in particular parts of the court levels. Thirdly, we examine the rationale rates by substantive claim to see whether contextual aspects of the doctrine, as the court identified with family law in Prest, were influencing outcomes. By providing an empirical study on the rationales instrumental to corporate disregard outcomes we aim to introduce a broader evidential view of where concerns may lie, which can both aid critique of key judicial historical developments such as Adams and Prest and provide a broader evidence base that might aid future judicial reform of the area.
Concentration of positive solutions for a class of fractionalp-Kirchhoff type equations
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo , Isernia Teresa , Radulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the existence and concentration of positive solutions for the following class of fractionalp-Kirchhoff type problems:$$ \left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll} \left(\varepsilon^{sp}a+\varepsilon^{2sp-3}b \,[u]_{s, p}^{p}\right)(-\Delta)_{p}^{s}u+V(x)u^{p-1}=f(u) & \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{3},\\ \noalign{ u\in W^{s, p}(\mathbb{R}^{3}), \quad u>0 & \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^{3}, \end{array}\right.$$whereɛis a small positive parameter,aandbare positive constants,s∈ (0, 1) andp∈ (1, ∞) are such that$sp \in (\frac {3}{2}, 3)$,$(-\Delta )^{s}_{p}$is the fractionalp-Laplacian operator,f: ℝ → ℝ is a superlinear continuous function with subcritical growth andV: ℝ3→ ℝ is a continuous potential having a local minimum. We also prove a multiplicity result and relate the number of positive solutions with the topology of the set where the potentialVattains its minimum values. Finally, we obtain an existence result whenf(u) =uq−1+ γur−1, where γ > 0 is sufficiently small, and the powersqandrsatisfy 2p<q<p*s⩽r. The main results are obtained by using some appropriate variational arguments.
O–H–Sr–Nd isotope constraints on the origin of the Famatinian magmatic arc, NW Argentina
Authors: Alasino P. , Casquet C. , Galindo C. , Pankhurst R. , Rapela C. , Dahlquist J. , Recio C. , Baldo E. , Larrovere M. , Ramacciotti C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report a study of whole-rock O–H–Sr–Nd isotopes of Ordovician igneous and metamorphic rocks exposed at different crustal palaeodepths along c. 750 km in the Sierras Pampeanas, NW Argentina. The isotope compositions preserved in the intermediate rocks (mostly tonalite) (average δ18O = +8.7 ± 0.5‰, δD = −73 ± 14‰, 87Sr/86Srt = 0.7088 ± 0.0001 and εNdt = −4.5 ± 0.6) show no major difference from those of most of the mafic rocks (average δ18O = +8 ± 0.8‰, δD = −84 ± 18‰, 87Sr/86Srt = 0.7082 ± 0.0016 and εNdt = −4 ± 1.1), suggesting that most of their magmas acquired their crustal characteristics in the mantle. The estimate of assimilation of crustal material (δ18O = +12.2 ± 1.7‰, δD = −89 ± 21‰, 87Sr/86Srt = 0.7146 ± 0.0034 and εNdt = −6.9 ± 0.7) by the tonalite is in most samples within the range 10–20%. Felsic magmas that reached upper crustal levels had isotope values (δ18O = +9.9 ± 1.5‰, δD= −76 ± 5‰, 87Sr/86Srt = 0.7067 ± 0.0010, εNdt = −3.5 ± 1.4) suggesting that they were not derived by fractionation of the contaminated intermediate magmas, but evolved from different magma batches. Some rocks of the arc, both igneous (mostly gabbro and tonalite) and metamorphic, underwent restricted interaction with meteoric fluids. Reported values of δ18O of magmatic zircons from the Famatinian arc rocks (+6 to +9‰) are comparable to our δ18O whole-rock data, indicating that pervasive oxygen isotope exchange in the lower crust was not a major process after zircon crystallization.
Morphological and molecular data of two species of the rare genera Thada Thorne, 1941 and Tenunemellus Siddiqi, 1986 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from Iran
Authors: Hosseinvand M. , Eskandari A. , Ghaderi R. , Karegar A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Thada populus n. sp. was found in the rhizosphere of Populus euphratica in the city of Dezful, south-western Iran. The new species is characterized by its 365–453 μm body length, cuticle with transverse annuli 0.9–1.2 μm wide, lateral fields with four lines, lip region low with one or two annuli, 7.0–8.5 μm wide at base, longitudinal or slightly sigmoid amphidial slit, delicate stylet 8.4–9.8 μm long with posteriorly directed knobs, dorsal pharyngeal gland opening at 1.0–1.5 μm posterior to the stylet knobs, non-muscular and valve-less median bulb, pyriform and offset basal bulb, almost oval spermatheca, posterior position of vulva (V = 75–79%) without lateral membrane, short post-vulval uterine sac and conical tail with finely to broadly rounded terminus. Morphological differences of the new species with those of the type species, Thada striata, are discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA revealed that the new species formed a clade with Malenchus spp., Filenchus facultativus, F. fungivorus and Filenchus sp. in Bayesian inference. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies were also performed on Tenunemellus indicus, the second recovered species, the latter analysis using partial sequences of large subunit ribosomal DNA. In the inferred Bayesian tree, T. indicus formed a clade with Labrys fuzhouensis, Lelenchus leptosoma from the Netherlands, Malenchus spp. and Filenchus discrepans.
The diversity and distribution of chigger mites associated with rodents in the South African savanna
Authors: Matthee Sonja , Stekolnikov Alexandr A. , van der Mescht Luther , Froeschke Götz , Morand Serge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChigger mites (Trombiculidae) are temporary habitat-specific ectoparasites that often occur on rodents. Little ecological data are available on chiggers associated with rodents in South Africa. The study aims were to (1) record the chigger species associated with rodents in the savanna, (2) assess if chigger species display parasitope preference on the rodent body and (3) compare the distribution of chigger species in natural, agricultural and urban habitats. Rodents (n= 314) belonging to eight genera were trapped in the savanna biome during 2014 and 2015. Twelve chigger species, of which five are recently described species, were recorded from 161 rodent hosts. The data include three new country locality records.Microtrombicula mastomyiawas the most prevalent species across sampling seasons and habitat types. Significant parasitope preference was recorded for two species, with the ear, face and tail base some of the preferred attachment sites. Sampling season and habitat type had a significant effect on chigger communities with summer and agricultural habitats recording the highest species richness, while the highest species diversity was recorded in natural habitats. The study contributes to our current knowledge regarding rodent-associated chigger diversity and distribution in South Africa and further highlights the importance of environmental characteristics in shaping chigger communities.