bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of daily L-dopa administration on learning and brain structure in older adults undergoing cognitive training: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Lebedev Alexander V. , Nilsson Jonna , Lindström Joanna , Fredborg William , Akenine Ulrika , Hillilä Carolina , Andersen Pia , Spulber Gabriela , de Lange Elizabeth C. M. , van den Berg Dirk-Jan , Kivipelto Miia , Lövdén Martin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCognitive aging creates major individual and societal burden, motivating search for treatment and preventive care strategies. Behavioural interventions can improve cognitive performance in older age, but effects are small. Basic research has implicated dopaminergic signalling in plasticity. We investigated whether supplementation with the dopamine-precursor L-dopa improves effects of cognitive training on performance. Sixty-three participants for this randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were recruited via newspaper advertisements. Inclusion criteria were: age of 65–75 years, Mini-Mental State Examination score >25, absence of serious medical conditions. Eligible subjects were randomly allocated to either receive 100/25 mg L-dopa/benserazide (n = 32) or placebo (n = 31) prior to each of twenty cognitive training sessions administered during a four-week period. Participants and staff were blinded to group assignment. Primary outcomes were latent variables of spatial and verbal fluid intelligence. Compared to the placebo group, subjects receiving L-dopa improved less in spatial intelligence (−0.267 SDs; 95%CI [−0.498, −0.036]; p = 0.024). Change in verbal intelligence did not significantly differ between the groups (−0.081 SDs, 95%CI [−0.242, 0.080]; p = 0.323). Subjects receiving L-dopa also progressed slower through the training and the groups displayed differential volumetric changes in the midbrain. No statistically significant differences were found for the secondary cognitive outcomes. Adverse events occurred for 10 (31%) and 7 (23%) participants in the active and control groups, correspondingly. The results speak against early pharmacological interventions in older healthy adults to improve broader cognitive functions by targeting the dopaminergic system and provide no support for learning-enhancing properties of L-dopa supplements in the healthy elderly. The findings warrant closer investigation about the cognitive effects of early dopamine-replacement therapy in neurological disorders. This trial was preregistered at the European Clinical Trial Registry, EudraCT#2016-000891-54 (2016-10-05).
Integrative analyses indicate an association between ITIH3 polymorphisms with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Xie Xinyan , Meng Heng , Wu Hao , Hou Fang , Chen Yanlin , Zhou Yu , Xue Qi , Zhang Jiajia , Gong Jianhua , Li Li , Song Ranran 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIt is challenge to pinpoint the functional variants among numerous genetic variants. Investigating the spatial dynamics of the human brain transcriptome for genes and exploring the expression quantitative trait loci data may provide the potential direction to identify the functional variants among autism spectrum disorders (ASD) patients. In order to explore the association of ITIH3 with ASD, the present study included three components: identifying the spatial-temporal expression of ITIH3 in the developing human brain using the expression data from the Allen Institute for Brain Science; examining the cis-acting regulatory effect of SNPs on the ITIH3 expression using UK Brain Expression Consortium database; validating the effect of identified SNPs using a case-control study with samples of 602 cases and 604 controls. The public expression data showed that ITIH3 may have a role in the development of human brain and suggested a cis-eQTL effect for rs2535629 and rs3617 on ITIH3 in the hippocampus. Genetic analysis of the above two SNPs suggested that the over-dominant model of rs2535629 was significantly associated with decreased risk of ASD. Convergent lines of evidence supported ITIH3 rs25352629 as a susceptibility variant for ASD.
Birth by Caesarean section and otitis media in childhood: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hartley Maria , Woolcott Christy G. , Langley Joanne M. , Brown Mary M. , Ashley-Martin Jillian , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to examine the association between birth by Caesarean section (CS) and otitis media (OM) in childhood. We assembled a retrospective cohort of children born between 2003 and 2007 in Nova Scotia and followed them through to 2014. The cohort was derived through a linkage of the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database with provincial administrative health data. Cox proportional hazards, negative binomial regression and logistic regression were used to examine the association between CS and OM. Among the 36,318 children, 27% were born by CS, and 78% had at least one OM episode (median 2 episodes). Children born by CS were at a slightly higher risk of OM (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.09), had more OM episodes in the first 7 years of life (incidence rate ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.01, 1.07), and were more likely to be above the 95th percentile for OM episodes than children born vaginally (odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI 0.99, 1.23). Our study shows that birth by CS is weakly associated with OM in childhood, but the clinical and public health impact of these findings is small.
3D-printed model-guided endoscopic evacuation for basal ganglia hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cheng Hongyu , Zhou Sitong , Huang Lijin , Lv Jianguang , Wang Peng , Chen Jiajing , Jin Tongxin , Zheng Guiyong , Ye Haoxiang , Wang Xuejie , Meng Bing , Lu Dan , Li Yuqian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and practicality of 3D-printed model-guided endoscopic surgery for the treatment of basal ganglia hemorrhage. The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients who underwent endoscopic evacuation of basal ganglia hemorrhage in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dalang Hospital and Shipai Hospital between December 2017 and February 2019. Twelve patients, in whom the 3D-printed model guidance was used for endoscopic evacuation, were included in this investigation. Using 3D reconstructed technology, we designed the appropriate surgical approach. Then, an individualized facial model with the guide orifice was printed by a 3D printer. Further, the 3D-printed model was employed to guide the insertion of the endoscope sheath. As a result, the average evacuation rate was 97.2% (range 90.1–100.0%). The GCS and mRS score were improved in each patient from admission to discharge examination. All patients had a good prognosis based on their functional independence measure (FIM) scores at the 6-month follow-up. The 3D-printed model-guided endoscopic evacuation was effective and safe for basal ganglia hemorrhage. This technique deserves further investigation to determine its role in intracerebral hemorrhage management.
A novel frameshift mutation in ubiquitin-specific protease 26 gene in a patient with severe oligozoospermia
Authors: Li Leilei , Xi Qi , Zhang Hongguo , Fei Jia , Jiang Yuting , Li Linlin , Liu Ruizhi , Wang Ruixue , Zhang Guirong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 26 (USP26) encodes a predicted protein containing his- and cys- domains that are conserved among deubiquitinating enzymes. USP26 is specifically expressed in testis tissue and is a potential infertility gene. In the present study, we performed genetic testing related to spermatogenesis impairment in a patient with idiopathic severe oligozoospermia to identify the cause. The patient underwent clinical examination and reproductive hormone testing. Genes associated with male infertility, including USP26, were assessed by targeted exome sequencing. A novel frameshift mutation, c.2195delT (p.Phe732Serfs*14), was identified in USP26. This frameshift mutation was located in residue 732 of USP26 gene, leading to loss of the conserved deubiquitinating enzyme His-domain and producing a truncated protein of 744 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis revealed this mutation to be pathogenic. A novel framshift mutation c.2195delT (p.Phe732Serfs*14) in USP26 gene was reported to be associated with male infertility in a Chinese patient with severe oligozoospermia.
Accretion in low-mass members of the Orion Nebula Cluster with young transition disks
Authors: de Albuquerque R. M. G. , Gameiro J. F. , Alencar S. H. P. , Lima J. J. G. , Sauty C. , Melo C. 
Published: March 2020

Context.Although the Orion Nebula Cluster is one of the most studied clusters in the solar neighborhood, the evolution of the very low-mass members (M* < 0.25 M⊙) has not been fully addressed due to their faintness.Aims.Our goal is to verify if some young and very low-mass objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster show evidence of ongoing accretion using broadband VLT/X-shooter spectra.Methods.For each target, we determined the corresponding stellar parameters, veiling, observed Balmer jump, and accretion rates. Additionally, we searched for the existence of circumstellar disks through available on-line photometry.Results.We detected accretion activity in three young stellar objects in the Orion Nebula Cluster, two of them being in the very low-mass range. We also detected the presence of young transition disks with ages between 1 and 3.5 Myr.
Search for non-thermal X-ray emission in the colliding wind binary Cygnus OB2 #8A
Authors: Mossoux E. , Pittard J. M. , Rauw G. , Nazé Y. 
Published: March 2020

Aims. Cyg OB2 #8A is a massive O-type binary displaying strong non-thermal radio emission. Owing to the compactness of this binary, emission of non-thermal X-ray photons via inverse Compton scattering is expected.
Methods. We first revised the orbital solution for Cyg OB2 #8A using new optical spectra. We then reduced and analysed X-ray spectra obtained with XMM-Newton, Swift, INTEGRAL, and NuSTAR.
Results. The analysis of the XMM-Newton and Swift data allows us to better characterise the X-ray emission from the stellar winds and colliding winds region at energies below 10 keV. We confirm the variation of the broad-band light curve of Cyg OB2 #8A along the orbit with, for the first time, the observation of the maximum emission around phase 0.8. The minimum ratio of the X-ray to bolometric flux of Cyg OB2 #8A remains well above the level expected for single O-type stars, indicating that the colliding wind region is not disrupted during the periastron passage. The analysis of the full set of publicly available INTEGRAL observations allows us to refine the upper limit on the non-thermal X-ray flux of the Cyg OB2 region between 20 and 200 keV. Two NuSTAR observations (phases 0.028 and 0.085) allow us to study the Cyg OB2 #8A spectrum up to 30 keV. These data do not provide evidence of the presence of non-thermal X-rays, but bring more stringent constraints on the flux of a putative non-thermal component. Finally, we computed, thanks to a new dedicated model, the anisotropic inverse Compton emission generated in the wind shock region. The theoretical non-thermal emission appears to be compatible with observational limits and the kinetic luminosity computed from these models is in good agreement with the unabsorbed flux observed below 10 keV.
Kernel-phase analysis: Aperture modeling prescriptions that minimize calibration errors
Authors: Martinache Frantz , Ceau Alban , Laugier Romain , Kammerer Jens , N’Diaye Mamadou , Mary David , Cvetojevic Nick , Lopez Coline 
Published: March 2020

Context. Kernel phase is a data analysis method based on a generalization of the notion of closure phase, which was invented in the context of interferometry, but it applies to well corrected diffraction dominated images produced by an arbitrary aperture. The linear model upon which it relies theoretically leads to the formation of observable quantities robust against residual aberrations.
Aims. In practice, the detection limits that have been reported thus far seem to be dominated by systematic errors induced by calibration biases that were not sufficiently filtered out by the kernel projection operator. This paper focuses on the impact the initial modeling of the aperture has on these errors and introduces a strategy to mitigate them, using a more accurate aperture transmission model.
Methods. The paper first uses idealized monochromatic simulations of a nontrivial aperture to illustrate the impact modeling choices have on calibration errors. It then applies the outlined prescription to two distinct data sets of images whose analysis has previously been published.
Results. The use of a transmission model to describe the aperture results is a significant improvement over the previous type of analysis. The thus reprocessed data sets generally lead to more accurate results, which are less affected by systematic errors.
Conclusions. As kernel-phase observing programs are becoming more ambitious, accuracy in the aperture description is becoming paramount to avoid situations where contrast detection limits are dominated by systematic errors. The prescriptions outlined in this paper will benefit from any attempt at exploiting kernel phase for high-contrast detection.
Evolution of supersonic downflows in a sunspot
Authors: Nelson C. J. , Krishna Prasad S. , Mathioudakis M. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Supersonic downflows have been observed in transition region spectra above numerous sunspots, however, little research has been conducted to date into how persistent these signatures are within sunspots on timescales longer than a few hours.
Aims. We aim to analyse the lead sunspot of AR 12526 to infer the properties and evolution of supersonic downflows occurring within it using high-spatial and spectral resolution data.
Methods. We analysed 16 large, dense raster scans sampled by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. These rasters tracked the lead sunspot of AR 12526 across the solar disc at discrete times between 27 March 2016 and 2 April 2016, providing spectral profiles from the Si IV, O IV, Mg II, and C II lines. Additionally, we studied one sit-and-stare observation acquired on 1 April 2016 centred on the sunspot to analyse the evolution of supersonic downflows on shorter timescales.
Results. Supersonic downflows are variable within this sunspot both in terms of spatial structuring and velocities. Thirteen of the 16 raster scans display some evidence of supersonic downflows in the Si IV 1394 Å line co-spatial to a sustained bright structure detected in the 1400 Å slit-jaw imaging channel; a peak velocity of 112 km s−1 is recorded on 29 March 2016. Evidence for supersonic downflows in the O IV 1401 Å line is found in 14 of these rasters; the spatial structuring in this line often differs from that inferred from the Si IV 1394 Å line. Only one example of a supersonic downflow is detected in the C II 1335 Å line and no downflows are found in the Mg II 2796 Å lines at these locations. In the sit-and-stare observations, no dual flow is initially detected, however, a supersonic downflow develops after approximately 60 min. This downflow accelerates from 73 km s−1 to close to 80 km s−1 in both the Si IV 1394 Å and O IV 1401 Å lines over the course of 20 min before the end of the observation.
Conclusions. Supersonic downflows are found in the Si IV 1394 Å line in 13 of the 16 rasters studied in this work. The morphology of these downflows evolved over the course of both hours and days and was often different in the Si IV 1394 Å and O IV 1401 Å lines. These events were found co-spatial to a bright region in the core of the Si IV 1394 Å line, which appeared to form at the footpoints of coronal fan loops. Our results indicate that one raster is not enough to conclusively draw inferences about the properties of supersonic downflows within a sunspot during its lifetime.
Sonografie in der Diagnostik traumatischer
Nervenläsionen
Authors: Pöschl Peter 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDie möglichst frühzeitige und präzise Klassifikation
einer traumatischen peripheren Nervenläsion ist für ein
optimales Reinnervations-Ergebnis von großer Bedeutung.
Üblicherweise finden hierfür die Methoden der Neurophysiologie
Verwendung, die die Funktion eines betroffenen Nervs erfassen. Einer solchen
rein funktionellen Untersuchung entgehen jedoch einige wichtige Aspekte
traumatischer Nervenläsionen, unter anderem die Beurteilung der
Kontinuität eines Nervs, die Entwicklung eines
Kontinuitätsneuroms, der Bezug zu Knochenfragmenten oder zu
Osteosynthesematerial und das Erkennen von Mehretagenläsionen. Dies
gelingt nur mithilfe eines morphologischen Verfahrens wie der Sonografie. Sie
ist daher eine sehr wertvolle Methode für die Beurteilung von
traumatischen Nervenläsionen.
Paradigmenwechsel im Verständnis der akuten Nierenschädigung bei chronischer Leberinsuffizienz: Von der Pathophysiologie zur Definition von Krankheitsentitäten
Authors: Scurt Florian Gunnar , Bose Katrin , Canbay Ali , Mertens Peter R. , Chatzikyrkou Christos 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit den ersten Beschreibungen von Patienten mit Aszites und fortgeschrittener Leberzirrhose durch Helvig und Schutz in den 1930er- und weiteren Obduktionsstudien von Hecker und Sherlock in den 1960er-Jahren wird das gleichzeitige Vorliegen einer Nierenfunktionsstörung als hepatorenales Syndrom (HRS) bezeichnet. Forschungsarbeiten der letzten Jahre liefern Hinweise, dass insbesondere systemische Entzündungsreaktionen einen kritischen Punkt in der Pathogenese der dekompensierten Leberzirrhose darstellen und maßgeblich an der Entstehung eines akut-auf-chronischen Leberversagens (ACLF) und einer Nierenfunktionsstörung beteiligt sind.Das HRS ist nur ein Aspekt des Spektrums der Nierenschädigung in Zirrhosepatienten. Die fortgeschrittene chronische Lebererkrankung per se bzw. ihre Ätiologie, aber auch weitere begleitende komorbide systemische Erkrankungen bzw. deren Komplikationen wie Diabetes, Adipositas und Hypertonie können direkt zu parenchymatösen Veränderungen (z. B. Gallensäurenephropathie, ischämische Tubulusepithelzellnekrose, diabetische Nephropathie, Glomerulonephritiden assoziiert mit Hepatitis B und C usw.) führen. Diese Art der Nierenschädigung wird deskriptiv als Non-HRS-AKI bezeichnet.In der vorliegenden Übersicht konzentrieren wir uns auf die neue Definition, Klassifikation und die zugrunde liegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen für das HRS, HRS-AKI und Non-HRS-AKI und untersuchen in dieser Hinsicht den diagnostischen und prognostischen Stellenwert neuerer Serum- und Urinmarker.
Kasuistik eines dyshidrotischen Handekzems bei Atopie
Authors: Albrecht Daniela 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungBeschrieben wird der Fall eines dyshidrotischen Ekzems an beiden Handflächen mit zahlreichen zusammenstehenden weißen Bläschen und Jucken. Nach Übersetzung der Symptomatik in die Repertoriumssprache fällt die Wahl auf Rhus venenata. Die Symptome werden anhand der Literatur verifiziert.
A Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection Successfully Treated with Intraventricular
Coadministration of Tigecycline and Colistin
Authors: Kara Tuğçe Tural , Kocaoglu Murat 
Published: March 2020

IntroductionHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a systemic inflammatory disorder
characterized by uncontrolled histiocytic proliferation, hemophagocytosis,
macrophage activation, and up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines (Grom AA.,
Current opinion in rheumatology 2003; 15: 587–590). HLH is usually divided
into two types: primary (familial) HLH and secondary (reactive) HLH. Primary HLH is
associated with primary immune deficiencies in which specific gene mutations play an
important role, such as perforin defects.
Sex Differences in Cardiac AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Following
Exhaustive Exercise
Authors: Brown Kevin D. , Waggy Edward D. , Nair Sreejayan , Robinson Timothy J. , Schmitt Emily E. , Bruns Danielle R , Thomas D.Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIschemic heart disease presents with significant differences between sexes.
Endurance exercise protects the heart against ischemic disease and also
distinctly impacts male and female patients through unidentified mechanisms,
though some evidence implicates 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
The purpose of this investigation was to assess the impact of training and sex
on cardiac AMPK activation following exhaustive exercise. AMPK activation was
measured in trained and sedentary mice of both sexes. Trained mice ran on a
treadmill at progressively increasing speeds and duration for 12 weeks. Trained
and sedentary mice of both sexes were euthanized immediately following
exhaustive exercise and compared to sedentary controls. Endurance training
elicited adaptations indicative of aerobic adaptation including higher max
running velocities and cardiac hypertrophy with no differences between males and
females. AMPK activity was higher in male compared to females, and trained
exhibited higher AMPK activity compared to sedentary mice. In response to
training, male mice activated AMPK more robustly than female mice. Chronic
exercise training increases the ability to activate cardiac AMPK in response to
exhaustive exercise in a sex-specific manner. Understanding the interaction
between exercise and sex is vital for use of exercise as medicine for heart
disease in both men and women.
Prospective evaluation of 25-gauge Franseen needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy of solid pancreatic masses
Authors: Inoue Tadahisa , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Takahara Taishi , Ibusuki Mayu , Kitano Rena , Kobayashi Yuji , Ohashi Tomohiko , Nakade Yukiomi , Sumida Yoshio , Ito Kiyoaki , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims The ideal puncture needle for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling is maneuverable and easy to puncture with, and can obtain sufficient material in almost one pass. The novel 25-gauge Franseen needle may provide a good balance between maneuverability and sample yield.
Patients and methods Between July 2017 and December 2018, 116 patients with solid pancreatic masses were prospectively enrolled and investigated. We evaluated the diagnostic yield associated with using the 25-gauge Franseen needle for EUS-guided sampling of pancreatic masses.
Results The technical success rate was 100 % (116/116). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for malignancy were 98 % (105/107), 100 % (9/9), 100 % (105/105), 82 % (9/11), and 98 % (114/116), respectively. Cumulative sensitivities for malignancy were 87 % (93/107) on pass 1, 97 % (104/107) on pass 2, and 98 % (105/107) on pass 3, respectively, with no increase in sensitivity after 4 or more. An adequate specimen for histological assessment was obtained in 79 % (92/116) of cases. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that lesion size smaller than 13 mm was a risk factor for failure of obtaining an adequate specimen for histological assessment (P = 0.010)
Conclusions The novel 25-gauge Franseen needle showed excellent diagnostic yield for solid pancreatic masses. However, its ability to obtain an adequate specimen for histological assessment may still be insufficient, especially when dealing with small lesions.