bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender role attitudes and male-female income differences in China
Authors: Qing Shisong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBy investigating deep-rooted cultural norms, this paper explores whether and how traditional gender role attitudes impact income gaps between men and women and identifies causal effects via instrumental variable and other causal inference methods. Based on data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2013, the results show that traditional gender role attitudes have a strong negative effect to the earnings of women but have no significant effect on men’s incomes. Through Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition, this research finds that the different effects of gender role attitudes on the incomes of men and women appear to play a prominent role in causing the gender gap in earnings. In addition, gender role attitudes have an indirect and broad effect on gender income inequality through educational attainment, labor force participation, working hours, and occupational status. These results provide us with a new perspective for understanding the persistence and mechanisms of gender income stratification under educational equalization and have implications for gender equality policies.
Nematicidal activity of native Bacillus thuringiensis against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White)
Authors: Ramalakshmi A. , Sharmila R. , Iniyakumar M. , Gomathi V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, potential of the native Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner was investigated against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Fourteen out of 50 Bt isolates obtained from root zone of vegetable crops of north western zone of Tamil Nadu, India, were found to be encoded with nematicidal cry genes, confirmed by gene-specific PCR. Nine different Cry protein profiles were obtained from native Bt. Spore-crystal mixtures of 6 isolates out of 14 (at 0.5%) showed 100% inhibition to J2 juveniles emergence from egg masses of M. incognita within 72 h of treatment. Analysis by SEM revealed that fluffy egg masses were observed in untreated samples due to hatching, whereas egg masses were covered by gelatinous matrix, when treated with spore-crystal mixture of nematicidal Bt. Two (BC and BD) of the 6 isolates were selected based on their highest nematicidal activity against J2 of M. incognita with LC50 values of 0.12 and 0.23 μg/ml of protein. The spore-crystal mixtures of isolates BC and BD when applied to tomato plants under greenhouse conditions exhibited the enhanced biocontrol potential by suppressing number of egg masses, reduction of female population and decreased root gall index, when compared to control and chemical treatments.
A comparative study on outcome of Type I Tympanoplasty using sliced 1-mm Conchal cartilage and full-thickness Conchal cartilage for grafting
Authors: Ramalingam Vijay , Kamindan Kandasamy , Murugan Ram Karthik , Rajeswari Velumani 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aims at comparing the pure tone audiogram and tympanogram results of a measured thickness (1 mm) conchal cartilage graft material (1.0-mm CC) with full-thickness conchal cartilage (FTCC) used for inactive chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) mucosal disease with moderate size perforation.

Results
A total of 40 successful cartilage tympanoplasty procedures were included in the prospective quasi-randomised study. Patients aged between 15 and 55 years with inactive CSOM—moderate size perforation in the tympanic membrane were included. The patients were assessed at the end of 12 weeks with a pure tone audiogram and a tympanogram. The results were compared to know the compliance of the tympanic membrane (TM) between the two groups and the difference in audiometric gain (air-bone gap closure). The air-bone gap gain was better in the 1.0-mm CC group of patients (12) compared to the FTCC group of patients (7). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.04). The 1.0-mm CC group of patients showed better compliance (0.43) compared to FTCC group of patients (0.73). The air volume and compliance were significantly better in the 1-mm CC group compared to the FTCC group (p = 0.031 and 0.01 respectively).

Conclusion
The use of sliced cartilage seems to have a better role in reconstructing the TM when compared to full-thickness cartilage as graft material. It is indeed beneficial to have a compliant TM. Though the results cannot be compared with temporalis fascia grafts, the use of 1.0-mm CC has its advantage in producing an audio logically acceptable outcome in tympanoplasty surgery.
Vocal cordopathy consequent to bronchial asthma inhalation therapy
Authors: Abumossalam Ahmed Mohammed , Ahmed Hanan Abdelsattar , Ibrahim Omar Mohamed , Algreisy Talal Mohamad Saad , Al-Shenqiti Abdullah Mohmad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundVocal cords signify an imperative lane for air flow in and out of the respiratory tract along with a phonetic role. So, the aim of this work is to assess the impact of habitual versus occasional utilization of inhalation therapy of patients with bronchial asthma on their vocal cords regarding visual endoscopic pathological changes in addition to phonetic dysfunction. This study was conducted on 112 diagnosed bronchial asthma patients (66 male and 46 females). They were classified into the following: group A (habitual user), 65 patients with severe persistent asthma with regular frequent intake of inhalation therapy, and group B (occasional user), 47 patients with intermittent asthma with alternating intake of inhalation therapy. They were submitted to clinical, vocal assessment plus laryngoscopic examination.ResultsThe habitual users group demonstrated that laryngeal edema and hyperemia attained the higher percentage in the adult than children age group (60%, 40–67.3%, 50%) respectively together after 6 and 9 months of study followed by laryngeal nodules (5.4%, 0–9%, 10%). Occasional users presented the same findings comparable to the habitual group (27%, 10–32.4%, 20%). Cord paresis, cord dysfunction, and fungal plaques were in the second frequencies in both age groups with the same percentage (3.6%) at the end of the study; however, in occasional users, fungal plaques illustrated low percentage (2.7%, 5.4–0, 10%, respectively).ConclusionInhalation therapy as a form of asthma medication correlated with major counter effects on vocal cords with well-recorded laryngeal hyperemia, edema, and vocal nodules in addition to fungal plaques moreover phonetic dysfunction.
Influence of Surgical Excision on the Survival of Patients With Stage 4 High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Report From the HR-NBL1/SIOPEN Study
Authors: Holmes Keith , Pötschger Ulrike , Pearson Andrew D. J. , Sarnacki Sabine , Cecchetto Giovanni , Gomez-Chacon Javier , Squire Roly , Freud Enrique , Bysiek Adam , Matthyssens Lucas E. , Metzelder Martin , Monclair Tom , Stenman Jakob , Rygl Michal , Rasmussen Lars , Joseph Jean-Marc , Irtan Sabine , Avanzini Stefano , Godzinski Jan , Björnland Kristin , Elliott Martin , Luksch Roberto , Castel Victoria , Ash Shifra , Balwierz Walentyna , Laureys Geneviève , Ruud Ellen , Papadakis Vassilios , Malis Josef , Owens Cormac , Schroeder Henrik , Beck-Popovic Maja , Trahair Toby , Forjaz de Lacerda Ana , Ambros Peter F. , Gaze Mark N. , McHugh Kieran , Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Ladenstein Ruth Lydia ,   for the International Society of Paediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma Group (SIOPEN)
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE To evaluate the impact of surgeon-assessed extent of primary tumor resection on local progression and survival in patients in the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma Group High-Risk Neuroblastoma 1 trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients recruited between 2002 and 2015 with stage 4 disease > 1 year or stage 4/4S with MYCN amplification < 1 year who had completed induction without progression, achieved response criteria for high-dose therapy (HDT), and had no resection before induction were included. Data were collected on the extent of primary tumor excision, severe operative complications, and outcome. RESULTS A total of 1,531 patients were included (median observation time, 6.1 years). Surgeon-assessed extent of resection included complete macroscopic excision (CME) in 1,172 patients (77%) and incomplete macroscopic resection (IME) in 359 (23%). Surgical mortality was 7 (0.46%) of 1,531. Severe operative complications occurred in 142 patients (9.7%), and nephrectomy was performed in 124 (8.8%). Five-year event-free survival (EFS) ± SE (0.40 ± 0.01) and overall survival (OS; 0.45 ± 0.02) were significantly higher with CME compared with IME (5-year EFS, 0.33 ± 0.03; 5-year OS, 0.37 ± 0.03; P < .001 and P = .004). The cumulative incidence of local progression (CILP) was significantly lower after CME (0.17 ± 0.01) compared with IME (0.30 ± 0.02; P < .001). With immunotherapy, outcomes were still superior with CME versus IME (5-year EFS, 0.47 ± 0.02 v 0.39 ± 0.04; P = .038); CILP was 0.14 ± 0.01 after CME and 0.27 ± 0.03 after IME ( P < .002). A hazard ratio of 1.3 for EFS associated with IME compared with CME was observed before and after the introduction of immunotherapy ( P = .030 and P = .038). CONCLUSION In patients with stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma who have responded to induction therapy, CME of the primary tumor is associated with improved survival and local control after HDT, local radiotherapy (21 Gy), and immunotherapy.
Improving Timeliness of Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Staging Investigations Through Implementation of Standardized Triage Pathways
Authors: Mullin Monica L.L. , Tran Audrey , Golemiec Breanne , Stone Christopher J.L. , Noseworthy Christine , O’Callaghan Nicole , Parker Christopher M , Digby Geneviève C 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE: Timely care for patients with lung cancer (LC) is associated with improved clinical outcomes. In Southeastern Ontario, Canada, we identified delays in the diagnostic process for patients undergoing evaluation for suspected LC through a rapid assessment clinic. We developed improvement initiatives with an aim of reducing the time from referral to diagnosis. METHODS: A Standardized Triage Process (STP) was implemented for patients referred with suspected LC, including routine interdisciplinary triage, standardized pathways with preordered staging tests, and a new Small Nodule Clinic. We retrospectively analyzed all patients referred pre-STP (January to April 2018) and prospectively for improvement (May 2018 to March 2019). Process measures included STP compliance and time to completion of staging investigations (positron emission tomography [PET] and computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of brain). Data are reported as means; significance was determined by special-cause variation using Statistical Process Control charts; unpaired t tests were compared between groups. RESULTS: We reviewed 833 referrals (207 baseline and 626 post-STP). STP compliance improved monthly to 99.4%. Post-STP, time from referral to PET decreased (from 38.5 to 15.7 days), time from referral to brain imaging decreased (from 33.4 to 13.1 days), and time from referral to diagnosis decreased (from 38.0 to 22.7 days), all demonstrating special-cause variation. Patients completing preordered staging tests experienced significantly faster care than those without preordered tests, including time to PET (23.0 v 35.9 days), computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging of brain (16.2 v 29.9 days), and diagnosis (39.9 v 28.1 days), all P < .001. CONCLUSION: An STP significantly improved timeliness of diagnosis and staging for patients with suspected LC undergoing evaluation in a rapid assessment clinic.
Effects of State Law Limiting Postoperative Opioid Prescription in Patients After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Potnuru Paul P. , Patel Selina D. , Birnbach David J. , Epstein Richard H. , Dudaryk Roman 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
The impact of the Florida State law House Bill 21 (HB 21) restricting the duration of opioid prescriptions for acute pain in patients after cesarean delivery is unknown. Our objective was to assess the association of the passage of Florida State law HB 21 with trends in discharge opioid prescription practices following cesarean delivery, necessity for additional opioid prescriptions, and emergency department visits at a large tertiary care center.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a large, public hospital. The 2 cohorts represented the period before and after implementation of the law. Using a confounder-adjusted segmented regression analysis of an interrupted time series, we evaluated the association between HB 21 and trends in the proportions of patients receiving opioids on discharge, duration of opioid prescriptions, total opioid dose prescribed, and daily opioid dose prescribed. We also compared the need for additional opioid prescriptions within 30 days of discharge and the prevalence of emergency department visits within 7 days after discharge.

RESULTS:
Eight months after implementation of HB 21, the mean duration of opioid prescriptions decreased by 2.9 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2–0.5) and the mean total opioid dose decreased by 20.1 morphine milligram equivalents (MME; 95% CI, 4–36.3). However, there was no change in the proportion of patients receiving discharge opioids (95% CI of difference, −0.1 to 0.16) or in the mean daily opioid dose (mean difference, 5.3 MME; 95% CI, −13 to 2.4). After implementation of the law, there were no changes in the proportion of patients who required additional opioid prescriptions (2.1% vs 2.3%; 95% CI of difference, −1.2 to 1.5) or in the prevalence of emergency department visits (2.4% vs 2.2%; 95% CI of difference, −1.6 to 1.1).

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of Florida Law HB 21 was associated with a lower total prescribed opioid dose and a shorter duration of therapy at the time of hospital discharge following cesarean delivery. These reductions were not associated with the need for additional opioid prescriptions or emergency department visits.
Effects of an Intraoperative Intravenous Bolus Dose of Dexmedetomidine on Remifentanil-Induced Postinfusion Hyperalgesia in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Zhijie , Yu Junjie , Lin Qihua , Li Huiting , Zhang Tianhua , Tan Hongying , Lin Wenqian , Cao Longhui 
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND:
Consecutive exposure to high-dose remifentanil during anesthesia may induce remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia (RPH). Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, may have synergistic effects with opioids and aid in perioperative pain management. In this study, we hypothesized that an intraoperative bolus dose of intravenous dexmedetomidine could alleviate RPH in patients undergoing thyroidectomy under general anesthesia.

METHODS:
Ninety patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: placebo, normal saline (group P); low-dose dexmedetomidine 0.2 μg·kg−1 (group LD); or high-dose dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg·kg−1 (group HD). Remifentanil was infused at a rate of 0.30 μg·kg−1·minute−1. Mechanical pain thresholds were measured using an Electronic von Frey device preoperatively and at 30 minutes, 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after surgery and were analyzed with 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni post hoc comparison. We also recorded postoperative pain scores, the incidence of receiving rescue analgesics, and side effects up to 48 hours after surgery.

RESULTS:
The mechanical pain thresholds around the skin incision were significantly higher in group LD compared to group P 30 minutes and 6 hours after surgery (mean ± standard deviation: [65.0 ± 25.2] vs [49.6 ± 24.4] g, mean difference [95% confidence interval]: 15.4 [0.3–30.5] g, P = .045 at 30 minutes; [65.9 ± 24.5] vs [49.3 ± 26.1] g, 16.6 [1.1–32.1] g, P = .032 at 6 hours). The pain thresholds around the skin incision were significantly higher in group HD compared to group P 30 minutes and 6 hours after surgery ([67.8 ± 21.7] vs [49.6 ± 24.4] g, 18.2 [3.1–33.3] g, P = .013 at 30 minutes; [68.3 ± 22.5] vs [49.3 ± 26.1] g, 19.0 [3.5–34.5] g, P = .011 at 6 hours). The incidence of hyperalgesia around the skin incision was lower in group HD than in group P 30 minutes and 6 hours after surgery (4 [13%] vs 14 [48%], P = .012 at 30 minutes, 4 [13%] vs 12 [41%], P = .045 at 6 hours), although no significant difference was observed between group LD and group P. Postoperative pain scores, the incidence of rescue analgesic demand, and postoperative side effects were not significantly different between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
An intraoperative intravenous bolus dose of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg·kg−1 alleviates remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy without a significant difference in side effects.
Trabalhadores negros na origem da política social brasileira
Authors: Costa Gracyelle 
Published: July 2020

A origem da política social no Brasil tem sido atrelada a três segmentos de trabalhadores: ferroviários, marítimos e portuários. A proposta deste artigo é identificar a composição étnica e racial destes segmentos entre o século XIX e início do XX, evidenciando os trabalhadores negros. Além disso, a pesquisa bibliográfica no campo da história social do trabalho foi orientada por metodologia qualitativa. A conclusão atesta a significativa presença dos trabalhadores negros, bem como de suas próprias formas de proteção e sociabilidade afro-diaspóricas, sua organização sindical e o significado das primeiras formas institucionais de política social. Palavras-Chave: política social; trabalhadores negros; previdência social; raça; etnia.
Memórias do Canavial: a tradução de intelectuais negras da diáspora e seus diálogos com o Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Jess , Soares Samira 
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro Memórias da Plantação: episódios de racismo cotidiano de Grada Kilomba. KILOMBA, G. Memórias da Plantação: episódios de racismo cotidianoTradução de Jess Oliveira. Rio de Janeiro: Cobogó, 2019. 244p.
Bimodal Release Ondansetron Improves Stool Consistency and Symptomatology in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Trial
Authors: Plasse Terry F. , Barton Gary , Davidson Evelyne , Abramson Danielle , Kalfus Ira , Fathi Reza , Raday Gilead , Harris M. Scott 
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Previous, small studies have suggested that ondansetron has beneficial effects in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of daily 12 mg RHB-102, an investigational bimodal release ondansetron tablet, in IBS-D.

METHODS:
Men and women with IBS-D by the Rome III criteria, Bristol Stool Scale ≥6 on 2 or more days weekly, and average daily worst pain intensity ≥3/10 were randomized 60:40 to RHB-102 or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary end point was overall stool consistency response for at least 4 of 8 weeks. Secondary end points included overall worst abdominal pain and overall composite response, defined as response on both abdominal pain and stool consistency end points.

RESULTS:
Overall stool consistency response rates were 56.0% and 35.3% (RHB-102 vs placebo, P = 0.036) and similar among male and female patients. Overall pain response (50.7% vs 39.2%) and composite response rates (40.0% vs 25.5%) favored RHB-102, although these differences were not statistically significant. Stool consistency response rates were enhanced in patients with baseline C-reactive protein above the median (2.09 mg/L), 59.5%, vs 23.1% (P = 0.009). Overall rates of adverse events were similar, with a higher rate of constipation in RHB-102 patients (13.3% vs 3.9%) that resolved rapidly on withholding treatment.

DISCUSSION:
RHB-102 was effective and safe in the treatment of men and women with IBS-D. Baseline C-reactive protein seemed to be predictive of response.
Tumor Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Level Predicts the Efficacy of Lenvatinib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yamauchi Masami , Ono Atsushi , Ishikawa Akira , Kodama Kenichiro , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Hatooka Haruna , Zhang Peiyi , Teraoka Yuji , Morio Kei , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Miki Daiki , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Imamura Michio , Hayes Clair Nelson , Fujita Masashi , Nakagawa Hidewaki , Yasui Wataru , Aikata Hiroshi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: July 2020

OBJECTIVES:
Biomarkers for optimizing the outcome of treatment with lenvatinib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma remain to be established despite intensive and comprehensive genomic research. Lenvatinib is characterized by its prominent inhibitory potency for fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 compared with earlier tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thus, in this study, we focused on simplified quantification of FGFR4 in tumors as a potential predictive indicator.

METHODS:
According to The Cancer Genome Atlas data set curation, FGFR4 messenger RNA is broadly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of gene alteration. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the aggressiveness of the tumor was closely related to the FGFR4 level. To confirm the relationship between the benefits of lenvatinib and tumor addiction to the FGFR4 pathway, we analyzed protein levels in tumors and peripheral blood obtained from 57 prospectively registered patients treated with lenvatinib.

RESULTS:
Positive immunohistochemistry (>10% of tumor cells) for FGFR4 in biopsy samples before treatment was associated with a longer progression-free survival (2.5 vs 5.5 months, P = 0.01) and a favorable objective response rate (31% vs 81%, P = 0.006). By contrast, the concentration of soluble FGFR4 in peripheral blood as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was not associated with survival outcomes, because its fluctuations reflect hepatic fibrosis. Additional RNA sequencing analysis using archival surgical specimens (n = 90) suggested that alternative RNA splicing of FGFR4 in cancer may also explain this discrepancy.

DISCUSSION:
The tumor FGFR4 level was an independent predictor of response to lenvatinib.