bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where is an emotion? Using targeted visceroception as a method of improving emotion regulation in healthy participants to inform suicide prevention initiatives: a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Davey Steven , Bell Elliot , Halberstadt Jamin , Collings Sunny 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: William James’ 1884 paper “What is an emotion?” has generated much recent interest in affective science regarding somatic contributions to emotion. Studies of interoception (“sensing the physiological condition of the body”) suggest that sensing specific parts of the body contribute to the production of emotion, namely when sensing the viscera (i.e. ‘visceroception’ of the heart, gut or lungs). Improved visceroception has, for instance, been linked to increased emotional intensity, suggesting a role for interoception in emotion regulation that may pertain specifically to visceral bodily locations. Thus, in addition to asking James’ question, “What is an emotion?”, we ask, “Where is an emotion?”. Further, there is an evidence base pointing to the connections between emotion regulation and suicide, and between interoception and suicide. This is a preliminary trial investigating whether targeted interoception/visceroception improves emotion regulation. Ultimately, the overall project aims to inform suicide prevention efforts.Methods: The trial utilises a pre-test/post-test control group design, with two experimental groups undergoing visceroceptive interventions (gut or heart focus) and a control group. The interventions will run for 8 weeks. A spatial cueing task will measure reaction times to bodily changes pertaining to gut or heart focus. A stop/signal task will measure emotional inhibition, which is hypothesised to obscure awareness of active bodily locations. Visceroceptive ability will be tracked using a heartbeat estimation task, a water load test, and by self-report questionnaire. The sample will consist of healthcare professionals and healthcare students. Despite these being groups that represent a relatively high suicide risk among professional and student groups, all participants will be healthy, given the preliminary nature of this trial. Discussion: To our knowledge, this will be the first project to address whether emotional feeling presents as a localised bodily phenomenon and whether trained awareness of emotional localisation can improve emotion regulation. It will also be the first to investigate relationships between interoception and emotional inhibition (i.e. whether a sustained interoceptive practice leads to the disinhibition of bodily emotional sensations, which can positively contribute to emotion regulation). These empirical findings on emotion regulation from a healthy sample will be used to inform a desk-based enquiry into the role of embodied emotion in suicide prevention, which may make a significant contribution to a growing evidence base on interoception and suicide.Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1221-0201Trial registration number: ACTRN12619000324112Date registered: 4/03/2019
Acute Pesticide Poisoning amongst adolescent girls and women in Northern Tanzania
Authors: Lekei Elikana Eliona , Ngowi Aiwerasia V , Kapeleka Jones , London Leslie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Acute pesticide poisoning (APP) is reported to affect community health worldwide but its burden in Tanzania is unknown particularly in women. This study examines APP involving adult females and adolescent girls 10 to 19 years in 3 regions of Tanzania which are famous for coffee and vegetable productionMethods. Over the period of 12 months, health facility-based surveillance for cases of APP was implemented in 10 Tanzanian healthcare facilities in 2006. Results. The study identified 108 APP cases of whom 31 (28.7%) occurred amongst adolescent girls. Suicide was the leading poisoning circumstances (60.2%) and the most vulnerable women were 20-29 years old who comprised 38.4% of all cases with suicide as circumstance.Organophosphates (OPs), zinc phosphide, paraquat and endosulfan were common amongst known reported poisoning agents. The annual APP incidence, mortality and Case Fatality Rate for women were 5.1/100,000, 0.2/100,000 and 3.7/100, respectivelyConclusion. APP amongst women in Tanzania is common and this call for diverse preventive interventions to reduce poisoning incidents.
The association between symptoms of depression during pregnancy and low birth weight:a prospective study
Authors: Li Xiu xiu , Gao Rui , Dai Xiaowei , Liu Hong , Zhang Jinxin , Liu Xuemei , Si Dongmei , Deng Te , Xia Wei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives

Most studies have showed that maternal depression is associated with pregnancy complications. However, there were limited evidences in Chinese population. We examined the associations of antenatal depression symptoms with pregnancy outcomes, especially for low birth weight.

Methods

A total of 1377 singleton pregnant women were recruited from Nanshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen in this prospective cohort study. Depression symptoms were assessed by the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) questionnaire in the second trimester of gestation; cut-points for the indication of antenatal depression were ≧12 scores in this study. Socio-demographic data, life-style and pregnancy outcomes were collected through Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare database. The risks of adverse outcomes in pregnant women with antenatal depression were determined by multivariate logistic regression and represented as odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Of the 1377 subjects, the prevalence of antenatal depression was 19.1%. The EPDS scores were 13.8±2.0 and 6.5±2.9 (P<0.001) in subjects with and without antenatal depression, respectively. After adjustment for maternal age, education, parity, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), residential area, fetal gender, an EPDS score≥12 (versus. <12) was associated with an increased risk for low birth weight(odds ratio: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.12-4.64), but not for preterm birth, large for gestational age, small for gestational age or macrosomia.

Conclusion

Pregnant women presenting antenatal depressive symptoms are at elevated risk of low birth weight. Mental health problems of pregnancy should be addressed for the prevention of low birth weight.
A model to predict unstable carotid plaques in population with high risk of stroke
Authors: Yin Junxiong , Yu Chuanyong , Liu Hongxing , Du Mingyang , Sun Feng , Yu Cheng , Wei Lixia , Wang Chongjun , Wang Xiaoshan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Several models have been developed to predict asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS), however these models did not pay much attention to people with lower level of stenosis (＜50% or carotid plaques, especially instable carotid plaques) who might benefit from early interventions. Here, we developed a new model to predict unstable carotid plaques through systematic screening in population with high risk of stroke.
Methods : Community residents who participated the China National Stroke Screening and Prevention Project (CNSSPP) were screened for their stroke risks. A total of 2841 individuals with high risk of stroke were enrolled in this study, 266 (9.4%) of them were found unstable carotid plaques. A total of 19 risk factors were included in this study. Subjects were randomly distributed into Derivation Set group or Validation Set group. According to their carotid ultrasonography records, subjects in derivation set group were further categorized into unstable plaque group or stable plaque group.
Results : 174 cases and 1720 cases from Derivation Set group were categorized into unstable plaque group and stable plaque group respectively. The independent risk factors for carotid unstable plaque were: male (OR 1.966, 95%CI 1.406-2.749)，older age (50-59, OR 6.012, 95%CI 1.410-25.629; 60-69, OR 13.915, 95%CI 3.381-57.267;≥70, OR 31.267, 95%CI 7.472-130.83) , married(OR 1.780, 95%CI 1.186-2.672)，LDL-C(OR 2.015, 95%CI 1.443-2.814), and HDL-C(OR 2.130, 95%CI 1.360-3.338). A predictive scoring system was generated, ranging from 0-10. The cut-off value of this predictive scoring system is 6.5. The AUC value for derivation and validation set group were 0.738 and 0.737 respectively.
Conclusions ：For those individuals with high risk of stroke, we developed a new model which could identify those who have a higher chance to have unstable carotid plaques. When an individual’s predictive model score exceeds 6.5, the probability of having carotid unstable plaques is high, and carotid ultrasonography should be conducted accordingly. This model could be helpful in the primary prevention of stroke.
Nutritional status among primary school students and its association on academic performance in north-central Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study design
Authors: Eniyew Tigist , Abebe Fikirtemariam , Gela Debela , Asegid Agezegn , Tiruneh Dawit 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Under-nutrition is a fundamental factor which resulted in delayed cognitive development and underachievement of academic performance later in children’s life at school. The extent of under-nutrition in Ethiopia has been established well but there are insufficient evidences about its relationship with the educational achievement of school-age children.Objective: To assess the correlation of nutritional status with academic performance among public primary school children Method: - An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted over 399 primary school children in Debre-Tabor Town, Amhara Regional State North-Central Ethiopia, 2018 after selecting them with simple random sampling. The nutritional status was assessed using the anthropometric measurement of WHO 2007 reference as Height for Age Z-score (HAZ), Weight for Age Z-score (WAZ) and Body Mass Index for Age Z-score (BAZ). Academic performance was assessed by calculating two semesters of overall subjects’ average score. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation test, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and nutritional status was analyzed using WHO AnthroPlus version 1.0.4 (5-19 years).Result: - Almost half of study participants were male 209(52%), 291(73%) from married family, and 177(44%) were comes from family having more than five members. The mean age of the study participants were 11.85. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was 22%, 32.4%, 24.3%, and 1.3% respectively. The prevalence of any form of malnutrition was 56.14% and the mean academic performance for study participants was 71.65(±12.63 SD). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between academic achievement and HAZ. Age of child and absenteeism were associated negatively while attending preschool, the type of head of the house, and having breakfast habits associated positively with the educational achievement of the study participants.Conclusion:-The prevalence of under-nutrition among study participants was high. Considering the correlation of absenteeism, skipping breakfast, having preschool education and HAZ, nutritional interventions should be considered at prenatal, infancy and preschool period to sustain positive impact and reducing negative factors.
Characterization of bacterial communities associated with the pinewood nematode insect vector Monochamus alternatus Hope and the host tree Pinus massoniana
Authors: Guo Yajie , Lin Qiannan , Chen lvyi , Rebeca Carballar-Lejarazú , Zhang Aishan , Shao Ensi , Liang Guanghong , Hu Xia , Wang Rong , Xu Lei , Zhang Feiping , Wu Songqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground Monochamus alternatus Hope is one of the insect vectors of pinewood nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ), which causes the destructive pine wilt disease. The microorganisms within the ecosystem, comprising plants, their environment, and insect vectors, form complex networks. This study presents a systematic analysis of the bacterial microbiota in the M. alternatus midgut and its habitat niche. Methods Total DNA was extracted from 20 types of samples (with three replicates each) from M. alternatus and various tissues of healthy and infected P. massoniana (pines). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of the bacterial microbiota in each sample. Moreover, the relative abundances of bacteria in the midgut of M. alternatus larvae were verified by counting the colony-forming units. Results Pinewood nematode infection increased the microbial diversity in pines. Bradyrhizobium , Burkholderia , Dyella , Mycobacterium , and Mucilaginibacter were the dominant bacterial genera in the soil and infected pines. These results indicate that the bacterial community in infected pines may be associated with the soil microbiota. Interestingly, the abundance of the genus Gryllotalpicola was highest in the bark of infected pines. The genus Cellulomonas was not found in the midgut of M. alternatus , but it peaked in the phloem of infected pines, followed by the phloem of heathy pines. Moreover, the genus Serratia was not only present in the habitat niche, but it was also enriched in the M. alternatus midgut. The colony-forming unit assays showed that the relative abundance of Serratia sp. peaked in the midgut of instar II larvae (81%). Conclusions Overall, the results indicate that the bacterial microbiota in the soil and in infected pines are correlated. The Gryllotalpicola sp. and Cellulomonas sp. are potential microbial markers of pine wilt disease. Additionally, Serratia sp. could be an ideal agent for expressing insecticidal protein in the insect midgut by genetic engineering, which represents a new use of microbes to control M. alternatus .
Association of CYP2A6 gene deletion with cancers in Japanese elderly: an autopsy study
Authors: Abudushataer Maidina , Sato Noriko , Mieno Makiko , Sawabe Motoji , Muramatsu Masaaki , Arai Tomio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background

CYP2A6 is an enzyme involved in oxidation of a number of environmental chemicals, including nicotine, pro-carcinogenic nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The whole gene deletion of CYP2A6 (CYP2A6*4) is prevalent in East Asian population. Whether or not CYP2A6*4 associates with cancer is still controversial.

Methods

We undertook an association study to determine whether deletion of CYP2A6 gene associates with total cancer and major cancer types employing data of consecutive autopsy cases registered in the Japanese single-nucleotide polymorphisms for geriatric research (JG-SNP) database. The presence of cancer were inspected at the time of autopsy and pathologically confirmed. Genotyping for CYP2A6 wild type (W) and deletion (D) was done by allele specific RT-PCR method.

Results

Among 1373 subjects, 826 subjects (60.2%) were cancer positive and 547 subjects (39.8%) were cancer negative. The genotype frequency in the whole study group for WW, WD and DD were 65.0%, 30.6% and 4.4%, respectively, which obeyed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.20). Total cancer presence, as well as major cancers including gastric, lung, colorectal, and blood cancers did not show any positive association with CYP2A6 deletion. When male and female were separately analyzed, CYP2A6 deletion associated with decreased gastric cancer risk in female (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.25-0.95, p=0.021, after adjustment for age, smoking and drinking). When smoker and non-smoker were separately analyzed, CYP2A6 deletion associated with decreased total cancer in female nonsmokers (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.45-0.99, p=0.041 after adjustment). On the other hand, CYP2A6 deletion associated increase blood cancers in smokers (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.19-3.53, p=0.01 after adjustment).

Conclusion

The CYP2A6 deletion may not grossly affect total cancer. It may associate with individual cancers in sex and smoking dependent manner. Further studies with larger sample size are warranted to confirm our results.
Efficacy and tolerability of DAAs in HCV-monoinfected and HCV/HIV-coinfected patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: de Gennaro Nicolò , Diella Lucia , Monno Laura , Angarano Gioacchino , Milella Michele , Saracino Annalisa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background few data are available regarding use of direct antiviral agents (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C in psychiatric patients. The aim of the study is to assess safety and outcome of DAAs in patients with psychiatric comorbidities. Methods this retrospective, observational, single-centre study enrolled patients treated with psychiatric drugs who initiated DAAs between 2015-2018. Patients were classified into two groups: A (on anxiolitycs/antidepressant) and B (on antipsychotics). Week-12 sustained virological response (SVR-12) and adverse events (AEs) were evaluated. Results 144 patients were included (A:101; B:43). Patients were 49.3% males, mean age 60 years (SD±13.5); 31.9% cirrhotic; 125 (86.8%) HCV-monoinfected and 19 (13.2%) HIV/HCV-coinfected. Twenty patients (13.8%) required a change of psychiatric therapy before DAAs-initiation. Overall, SVR-12 was achieved in 88.2% of subjects in intention-to-treat(ITT)-analysis. Lower SVR rates were observed in group B vs A (79% vs 92%, p=0.045) and in those changing psychiatric drugs vs others (30% vs 8%, p=0.015). At least one AE occurred in 60 patients (41.6%), including 10 SAEs, leading to 3 discontinuations. AEs were more frequently reported in group A (p=0.015). Conclusions the study confirms effectiveness and safety of DAA-based treatment also in this special population, even if a careful evaluation of history and drug-drug interactions is warranted.
Identification of Significant Climatic Risk Factors and Machine Learning Models in Dengue Outbreak Prediction
Authors: Nejad Felestin Yavari , Varathan Kasturi Dewi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Dengue fever is a widespread viral disease and one of the world’s major pandemic vector-borne infections, causing serious hazard to humanity. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that the incidence of dengue fever has increased dramatically across the world in recent decades. WHO currently estimates an annual incidence of 50–100 million dengue infections worldwide. To date, no tested vaccine or treatment is available to stop or prevent dengue fever. Thus, the importance of predicting dengue outbreaks is significant. The current issue that should be addressed in dengue outbreak prediction is accuracy. A limited number of studies have conducted an in-depth analysis of climate factors in dengue outbreak prediction.
Sensor-based Characterization of Daily Walking: A New Paradigm in Pre-frailty/Frailty Assessment
Authors: Kumar Danya Pradeep , Toosizadeh Nima , Mohler Jane , Ehsani Hossein , Mannier Cassidy , Laksari Kaveh 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Frailty is a highly recognized geriatric syndrome resulting in decline in reserve across multiple physiological systems. Impaired physical function is one of the major indicators of frailty. Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate an algorithm that discriminates between frailty groups (non-frail and pre-frail/frail) based on gait performance parameters derived from unsupervised daily physical activity (DPA). Methods: DPA was acquired for 48 hours from older adults (≥65 years) using a tri-axial accelerometer motion-sensor. Continuous bouts of walking for 20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s without pauses were identified from acceleration data. These were then used to extract qualitative measures (gait variability, gait asymmetry, and gait irregularity) and quantitative measures (total continuous walking duration and maximum number of continuous steps) to characterize gait performance. Association between frailty and gait performance parameters was assessed using multinomial logistic models with frailty as the dependent variable, and gait performance parameters along with demographic parameters as independent variables. Results: 126 older adults (44 non-frail, 60 pre-frail, and 22 frail, based on the Fried index) were recruited. Step- and stride-times, frequency domain gait variability, and continuous walking quantitative measures were significantly different between non-frail and pre-frail/frail groups (p<0.05). Among the five different durations (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s), gait performance parameters extracted from 60s continuous walks provided the best frailty assessment results. Using the 60s gait performance parameters in the logistic model, pre-frail/frail group (vs. non-frail) was identified with 76.8% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Discussion: Everyday walking characteristics were found to be associated with frailty. Along with quantitative measures of physical activity, qualitative measures are critical elements representing the early stages of frailty. In-home gait assessment offers an opportunity to screen for and monitor frailty.
Geographic Availability To Optometry Services Across Canada: Mapping Distribution, Need And Self-Reported Use
Authors: Shah Tayyab , Milosavljevic Stephan , Bath Brenna 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background:
This research investigates the distribution of optometrists in Canada relative to population health needs and self-reported use of vision care services.
Methods:
Optometrist locations were gathered from provincial regulatory bodies. A geocoding approach converted descriptive data into geographic coordinates. Utilizationof vision care services was extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2013-2014 question regarding self-reported contacts with optometrists or ophthalmologistsproviders. Data from the 2016 Statistics Canada census were used to create three population ‘need’ subgroups (65 years and over; low-income; and people aged 15 and over with less than a high school diploma). Optometrist-to-population ratios, expressed as number of providers per 10,000 people at the health region level, were then calculated.Three classes: low (< -1.5 standard deviation (SD); -1.5 to -0.50 SD), moderate (-0.5 to 0.5 SD), and high (0.50 to 1.5 SD, > 1.5 SD) were used as a cut-off for demonstrating distributionof optometrists across health regions). Cross-classification mapping compared optometrist distribution to self-reported use of vision care services in relation to need.
Results:
A total of 5,959 optometrists working across ten Canadian provinces were included in this analysis. The nationwide distribution of optometrists is variable across Canada and they are predominantly concentrated in urban areas. The mean ratio of optometrists across Canada was 1.70 optometrists per 10,000 people (range = 0.13 to 2.92). Out of 109 health regions (HRs), 26 were classified as low ratios, 51 HRs were classified as moderate ratios, and 32 HRs were high ratios. Thirty-five HRs were classified as low utilization, 39 HRs were classified as moderate, and 32 HRs as high utilization. HRs with a low optometrist ratio relative to eye care utilization and a high proportion of key sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age, low income) are located throughout Canada and identified with maps indicating areas of likely greater need for optometry services.
Conclusion:
This research provides a nationwide overview of vision care provided by optometrists identifying gaps in geographic availabilityrelative to “supply” and “need” factors. This examination of variation in accessibility to optometric services will be useful to inform workforce planning and policies.