bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of laser texturing on the performance of ultra-hard single-point cutting tools
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Pacella Manuela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the cutting performance and anti-adhesive properties of textured single-point polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cutting tools in machining Aluminium 6082 alloys. The micro/nano textures were first milled using a fibre laser (1064-nm wavelength) at different power intensities, feed speeds and pulse durations, and finally characterised using scanning electron microscopy, white light interferometry and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effect of different textures on the cutting performance was investigated in turning tests under dry cutting conditions. The test was stopped at regular lengths of cut to allow analysis of height of adhesion through 3D white light interferometry. The data processing of the cutting forces and the microscopical characterisation of the tested cutting tools enabled the evaluation of the effects of texture design, friction coefficient and adhesive properties. The results indicated that feed force in tools with grooves perpendicular to the chip flow direction (CFD) was more stable (20–40 N) than the benchmark (6–41 N). Similarly, the thrust force for tools with grooves parallel to CFD and grooves perpendicular to CFD showed a homogeneous trend fluctuating between 60 and 75 N as compared with the benchmark (ranging between 73 and 90 N). For texture depth in the order of 260 nm and post process roughness in the order of tens of nanometers, a reduction of average friction coefficient (0.28 ± 0.14) was reported when using lasered inserts with grooves parallel to the chip flow direction compared with the benchmark tools (0.34 ± 0.26) corroborated by reduced stiction of workpiece material on the rake face. In machining via textured tools with grooves perpendicular to CFD, the cutting forces were reduced by 23%, and the surface quality of the machined workpiece was improved by 11.8%, making this geometry the preferred choice for finishing applications. Using grooves parallel to CFD reduced the cutting forces by 11.76%, adhesion by 59.36% and friction coefficient by 14.28%; however, it increased the surface roughness of the machined workpiece, making this geometry suitable for roughing operations. For the first time, laser manufacturing is proposed as a flexible technique to functionalise the geometrical and wear properties of PCD cutting tools to the specific applications (i.e. roughing, finishing) as opposed to the standard industrial approach to use microstructurally different PCDs (i.e. grain size and binder %) based on the type of operation.
Time-varying impact of snow depth on tourism in selected regions
Authors: Falk Martin , Lin Xiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study uses a time-varying model that provides new evidence on the changing relationship between domestic overnight stays of selected winter sport destinations and natural snow conditions. A Kalman filter method combined with wavelet-based multiresolution analysis (MRA) is employed to investigate the relationships in intervals between 2 and 4 and up to 16–32 months. The model is applied to domestic overnight stays for selected mountain regions in Sweden (Dalarna and Jämtland), Norway (Buskerud, Hedmark, Hordaland and Oppland) and Austria (Salzburg and Tyrol). Results show that the sensitivity of domestic overnight stays on natural snow conditions varies markedly depending on location, time period and frequency band window used in the estimation. The medium-run relation for Tyrol and Salzburg is significantly declining over time, while in Norway and Sweden, the same relationship is generally volatile and not significant at the end of the sample period. In the short run, none of the regions exhibits a link between domestic overnight stays and snow depth fluctuations.
Comparison of axial and coronal acquisitions by non-contrast-enhanced renal 3D MR angiography using flow-in time-spatial labeling inversion pulse
Authors: Takahashi Junji , Ohmoto-Sekine Yuki , Yoshida Takashi , Miyazaki Mitsue 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective
We evaluated image quality differences between axial and coronal non-contrast-enhanced renal three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) acquisitions, using time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) with flow-in balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP).

Materials and methods
Axial and coronal images were acquired in 128 subjects using non-contrast-enhanced 3D-MRA with Time-SLIP flow-in bSSFP on a clinical 1.5-T MRI system. Visualization of source and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of renal arteries were compared between the axial and coronal acquisitions using a four-point scale. For quantitative analysis, vessel-to-background contrast ratios of aorta and renal arteries were calculated.

Results
Both acquisitions yielded similarly excellent quality. In source image evaluation, coronal acquisitions showed significantly more motion degradation (p < 0.01) than did axial acquisitions. In MIP image evaluation, coronal acquisitions yielded superior image quality, less motion degradation, and better visualization of the number of renal branches than did axial acquisition. The renal artery to background signal contrast was greater in coronal than in axial acquisitions (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Coronal acquisition provides superior contrast between the renal arteries and background and allows more persistent visualization than axial acquisitions in non-contrast-enhanced MRA using flow-in bSSFP with Time-SLIP. First-line screening of renal non-contrast-enhanced MRA should involve coronal acquisition.
Microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) and nanopaper films from unbleached kraft softwood pulp
Authors: Oliaei Erfan , Lindén Pär A. , Wu Qiong , Berthold Fredrik , Berglund Lars , Lindström Tom 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrofibrillated cellulose (MFC) is an important industrial nanocellulose product and material component. New MFC grades can widen the materials property range and improve product tailoring. Microfibrillated lignocellulose (MFLC) is investigated, with the hypothesis that there is an optimum in lignin content of unbleached wood pulp fibre with respect to nanofibril yield. A series of kraft fibres with falling Kappa numbers (lower lignin content) was prepared. Fibres were beaten and fibrillated into MFLC by high-pressure microfluidization. Nano-sized fractions of fibrils were separated using centrifugation. Lignin content and carbohydrate analysis, total charge, FE-SEM, TEM microscopy and suspension rheology characterization were carried out. Fibres with Kappa number 65 (11% lignin) combined high lignin content with ease of fibrillation. This confirms an optimum in nanofibril yield as a function of lignin content, and mechanisms are discussed. MFLC from these fibres contained a 40–60 wt% fraction of nano-sized fibrils with widths in the range of 2.5–70 nm. Despite the large size distribution, data for modulus and tensile strength of MFLC films with 11% lignin were as high as 14 GPa and 240 MPa. MFLC films showed improved water contact angle of 84–88°, compared to neat MFC films (< 50°). All MFLC films showed substantial optical transmittance, and the fraction of haze scattering strongly correlated with defect content in the form of coarse fibrils.Graphic abstract
Sevoflurane Induces Learning and Memory Impairment in Young Mice Through a Reduction in Neuronal Glucose Transporter 3
Authors: Zhu Jinpiao , Zhang Zongze , Jia Junke , Wang Lirong , Yang Qiuyue , Wang Yanlin , Chen Chang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sevoflurane, which is widely used in paediatric anaesthesia, induces neural apoptosis in the developing brain and cognitive impairment in young mammals. Glucose hypometabolism is the key pathophysiological modulator of cognitive dysfunction. However, the effects and mechanism of sevoflurane on cerebral glucose metabolism after its use as an anaesthetic and its complete elimination are still unknown. We therefore investigated the influence of sevoflurane on neuronal glucose transporter isoform 3 (GLUT3) expression, glucose metabolism and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro and on neurocognitive function in young mice 24 h after the third exposure to sevoflurane. Postnatal day 14 (P14) mice and neural cells were exposed to 3% sevoflurane 2 h daily for three days. We found that sevoflurane anaesthesia decreased GLUT3 gene and protein expression in the hippocampus and temporal lobe, consistent with a decrease in glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and temporal lobe observed by [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET). Moreover, sevoflurane anaesthesia increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP and reduced Bcl-2 levels in the hippocampus and temporal lobe. Young mice exposed to sevoflurane multiple times also showed learning and memory impairment. In addition, sevoflurane inhibited GLUT3 expression in primary hippocampal neurons and PC12 cells. GLUT3 overexpression in cultured neurons ameliorated the sevoflurane-induced decrease in glucose utilization and increase in the apoptosis rate. These data indicate that GLUT3 deficiency may contribute to sevoflurane-induced learning and memory deficits in young mice.
Correlation Between Subjective Happiness and Pleasant Activities at Workplace in Nursing Staff for Older Individuals in Japan
Authors: Takeda Shinya , Nakayama Shigeki , Uddin Md. Sahab , Hiramoto Atsumi , Inoue Masahiko 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between nursing staff’s mental health, number of years worked, night shifts performed, and pleasant activities at the workplace. One hundred forty-three subjects who had no missing data were analyzed. Questions consisted of basic attributes, subjective happiness scale (SHS), and pleasant activities conducted at the workplace. Denouements of SHS indicated a significant trend for the main effect, with more pleasant activities in the high SHS group than the low SHS group. The interaction was significant, with fewer pleasant activities in participants in the low SHS group who worked the night shift compared with those who worked the night shift regardless of work experience. The outcomes of this study suggest that it is essential to expand the repertoire of pleasant activities at the workplace to increase the subjective happiness of nursing staff for older individuals.
Serum-free media for the growth of primary bovine myoblasts
Authors: Kolkmann A. M. , Post M. J. , Rutjens M. A. M. , van Essen A. L. M. , Moutsatsou P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe demand for meat is expected to exceed production capacity by livestock in the coming decennia. Therefore, cultured beef might be a viable alternative to traditional livestock-derived beef. One of the problems however is the sustainability of cultured beef through the use of fetal bovine serum. We aimed to identify a serum-free medium or a serum-replacement that is as effective as the current method used for culturing bovine myoblasts. Cells were harvested from a female Blanc Bleu Belge cow and myoblasts were subsequently isolated. Cells were cultured in either Advanced DMEM containing 20% FBS and 10% HS or one of the chemically-defined, serum-free media for 6 days. MTS was used as a measure of cell proliferation at day 1, 4 or 6 and microscopic pictures were taken to assess cell morphology. FBM™, TesR™ and Essential 8™ are commercially available xeno-free media developed for human PSCs and fibroblasts, with the highest potential to sustain bovine myoblast proliferation. Of the supplements tested, XenoFree™ and a custom-prepared growth factor mix failed to stimulate cell proliferation. LipoGro™ stimulated cell proliferation in some cases but also changed the phenotype of myoblasts to an adipocyte-like phenotype. We conclude that serum-free media stimulate exponential cell expansion, albeit not to the extent of the current growth medium containing up to 30% serum. Further research is needed to investigate whether prolonged cell culture or an adaptation period could further increase cell proliferation.
On the relation between reactive synthesis and supervisory control of non-terminating processes
Authors: Schmuck Anne-Kathrin , Moor Thomas , Majumdar Rupak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractReactive synthesis and supervisory control theory both provide a design methodology for the automatic and algorithmic design of digital systems from declarative specifications. The reactive synthesis approach originates in computer science, and seeks to synthesise a system that interacts with its environment over time and that, doing so, satisfies a prescribed specification. Here, the distinguishing feature when compared to other synthesis problems in computer science is that the interaction is temporal in that it explicitly refers to a sequence of computation cycles. Supervisory control originates in control theory and seeks to synthesise a controller that – in closed-loop configuration with a plant – enforces a prescribed specification over time. The distinguishing feature compared to other branches of control is that all dynamics are driven by discrete events as opposed to continuous signals. While both methods apparently are closely related, the technical details differ significantly. We provide a formal comparison which allows us to identify conditions under which one can solve one synthesis problem using methods from the other one; we also discuss how the resulting solutions compare. To facilitate this comparison, we give a unified introduction to reactive synthesis and supervisory control and derive formal problem statements and a characterisation of their solutions in terms of ω-languages. Recent contributions to the two fields address different aspects of the respective problem, and we expect the formal relationship identified in this paper to be useful in that it allows the application of algorithmic techniques from one field in the other.
A research of analysing the effectiveness of speaking-pen on English learning in consideration of individual differences using a linear mixed-effect model
Authors: Tsubak Michiko , Maeda Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan (2011) started the ‘Foreign Language Activities’ in fifth grade based on the new Courses of Study in April of 2011. The ministry has considered beginning this course in third grade and the ‘English Course’ in 5th grade in order to improve students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. The ministry also developed supplemental teaching instruments, such as the CALL system. The purpose of this study is to model and analyse the effectiveness of a speaking-pen on English learning among elementary school children in consideration of individual differences using a Liner Mixed-Effect Model. The authors constructed models representing students’ overall abilities in four English skills, and analysed the effectiveness of the tools such as a speaking-pen and an audio CD on English learning in consideration of students’ backgrounds including their English learning experiences and individual differences.
Empathy, honour, and the apprenticeship of violence: rudiments of a psychohistorical critique of the individualistic science of evil
Authors: Bullot Nicolas J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch seeking to explain the perpetration of violence and atrocities by humans against other humans offers both social and individualistic explanations, which differ namely in the roles attributed to empathy. Prominent social models suggest that some manifestations of inter-human violence are caused by parochial attitudes (attitudes characterized by interests centred on one's own community) and obedience reinforced by within-group empathy. Individualistic explanations of violence, by contrast, posit that stable intra-individual characteristics of the brain and personality of some individuals lead them to commit violence and atrocities. An individualistic explanation argues that the chief cause of violence is the perpetrator’'s lack of empathy with the victim. To offer the rudiments of a critique of the individualistic approach, I critically examine a model stating that violence is caused by empathy erosion (Baron-Cohen 2011). Specifically, the discussion of the empathy-erosion model is applied to the case of honour-based violence (HBV), a type of violence known for its communal character. Building from prior enquiries into violence and social cognition, I argue that an empathy-erosion explanation of HBV is defective because it does not consider important cultural and historical enablers of violence. Finally, as an alternative to individualism, I propose a psychohistorical approach to HBV in the migration context. This alternative combines psychological and philosophical enquiry with historical and ethnographical analysis. The psychohistorical approach hypothesises that distinct processes of cultural learning of honour codes both scaffold HBV and modulate the perpetrators’ emotions and empathy.
Design and analysis of a class of redundant collaborative manipulators with 2D large rotational angles
Authors: Jin Xiaodong , Fang Yuefa , Zhang Dan , Luo Xueling 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe parallel spindle heads with high rotational capability are demanded in the area of multi-axis machine tools and 3D printers. This paper focuses on designing a class of 2R1T (R: Rotation; T: Translation) parallel spindle heads and the corresponding collaborative 5-axis manipulators with 2-dimension (2D) large rotational angles. In order to construct 2D rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs), a platform with 2D revolute joints is proposed first. Based on the constraint screw theory, the feasible limbs that can be connected in the platform are synthesized. In order to provide constant rotational axis for the platform, a class of redundant limbs are designed. A class of redundant 2R1T parallel spindle heads is obtained by connecting the redundant limbs with the platform and the redundant characteristics are verified by the modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion. The corresponding 5-axis collaborative manipulators are presented by constructing a 2-DOF series translational bottom moving platform. The inverse kinematics and the orientation workspace as well as the decoupling characteristics of this type of 2R1T parallel spindle heads are analyzed. The results show that these manipulators have large 2D rotational angles than the traditional A3/Z3 heads and can be potentially used in the application of multi-axis machine tools and the 3D printers.
Electronic Nose and Its Applications: A Survey
Authors: Karakaya Diclehan , Ulucan Oguzhan , Turkan Mehmet 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the last two decades, improvements in materials, sensors and machine learning technologies have led to a rapid extension of electronic nose (EN) related research topics with diverse applications. The food and beverage industry, agriculture and forestry, medicine and health-care, indoor and outdoor monitoring, military and civilian security systems are the leading fields which take great advantage from the rapidity, stability, portability and compactness of ENs. Although the EN technology provides numerous benefits, further enhancements in both hardware and software components are necessary for utilizing ENs in practice. This paper provides an extensive survey of the EN technology and its wide range of application fields, through a comprehensive analysis of algorithms proposed in the literature, while exploiting related domains with possible future suggestions for this research topic.
Ethnobotany of Hawaiian figure sculpture
Authors: Rudall Paula J. , Cartwright Caroline R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnecdotal theories about traditional uses of Polynesian woods in relation to social and religious practices were tested using comparative wood identification. The woods used to make 135 figure carvings from the Hawaiian archipelago were identified and compared with 23 figure carvings from elsewhere in Polynesia (especially Tahiti and the Marquesas). Prior to this study, the majority of Hawaiian images were believed to have been made from wood ofMetrosideros polymorpha, the commonest forest tree on the archipelago. The results confirm thatMetrosideroswas relatively popular in Hawaii (13% of Hawaiian carvings, compared with 4% in central and south-eastern Polynesia). However, more unexpectedly, over 18 different genera were utilized for figure carvings in Hawaii. The genusCordiaaccounted for 20% of Hawaiian figure carvings identified here, compared with 26% elsewhere in Polynesia, andThespesiafor 4%, compared with 30% in Marquesas. Use of some woods, such as species ofAcacia, was not previously recorded for this purpose, including the first record ofArtocarpuswood for large Hawaiian temple images. Many species—especially those that were less popular for ritual figure carving—were also used for various other purposes, including food, canoe building and medicines. This study demonstrates that the early Polynesian settlers brought with them traditions of using certain trees, but also took advantage of elements of the extensive indigenous flora.
Inferences on the regression coefficients in panel data models: parametric bootstrap approach
Authors: Esmaeli-Ayan A. , Malekzadeh A. , Hormozinejad F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article presents a parametric bootstrap approach to inference on the regression coefficients in panel data models. We aim to propose a method that is easily applicable for implement hypothesis testing and construct confidence interval of the regression coefficients vector of balanced and unbalanced panel data models. We show the results of our simulation study to compare of our parametric bootstrap approach with other approaches and approximated methods based on a Monte Carlo simulation study.