bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting α5 Subunit-Containing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors Attenuates Cognitive Deficits After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Khodaei Shahin , Avramescu Sinziana , Wang Dian-Shi , Sheng Heping , Chan Nathan K. , Lecker Irene , Fernandez-Escobar Alejandro , Lei Gang , Dewar Michael B. , Whissell Paul D. , Baker Andrew J. , Orser Beverley A. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury are a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet no effective pharmacologic treatments exist to improve cognition. Traumatic brain injury increases proinflammatory cytokines, which trigger excess function of α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. In several models of brain injury, drugs that inhibit α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function improve cognitive performance. Thus, we postulated that inhibiting α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors would improve cognitive performance after traumatic brain injury. In addition, because traumatic brain injury reduces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, a cellular correlate of memory, we studied whether inhibition of α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors attenuated deficits in long-term potentiation after traumatic brain injury.

Design:
Experimental animal study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Subjects:
Adult male mice and hippocampal brain slices.

Interventions:
Anesthetized mice were subjected to traumatic brain injury with a closed-head, free-weight drop method. One week later, the mice were treated with L-655,708 (0.5 mg/kg), an inhibitor that is selective for α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, 30 minutes before undergoing behavioral testing. Problem-solving abilities were assessed using the puzzle box assay, and memory performance was studied with novel object recognition and object place recognition assays. In addition, hippocampal slices were prepared 1 week after traumatic brain injury, and long-term potentiation was studied using field recordings in the cornu Ammonis 1 region of slices that were perfused with L-655,708 (100 nM).

Measurements and Main Results:
Traumatic brain injury increased the time required to solve difficult but not simple tasks in the puzzle box assay and impaired memory in the novel object recognition and object place recognition assays. L-655,708 improved both problem solving and memory in the traumatic brain injury mice. Traumatic brain injury reduced long-term potentiation in the hippocampal slices, and L-655,708 attenuated this reduction.

Conclusions:
Pharmacologic inhibition of α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors attenuated cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury and enhanced synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slices. Collectively, these results suggest that α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors are novel targets for pharmacologic treatment of traumatic brain injury–induced persistent cognitive deficits.
Tele-Critical Care: An Update From the Society of Critical Care Medicine Tele-ICU Committee*
Authors: Subramanian Sanjay , Pamplin Jeremy C. , Hravnak Marilyn , Hielsberg Christina , Riker Richard , Rincon Fred , Laudanski Krzysztof , Adzhigirey Lana A. , Moughrabieh M. Anas , Winterbottom Fiona A. , Herasevich Vitaly 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
In 2014, the Tele-ICU Committee of the Society of Critical Care Medicine published an article regarding the state of ICU telemedicine, one better defined today as tele-critical care. Given the rapid evolution in the field, the authors now provide an updated review.

Data Sources and Study Selection:
We searched PubMed and OVID for peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2018 related to significant developments in tele-critical care, including its prevalence, function, activity, and technologies. Search terms included electronic ICU, tele-ICU, critical care telemedicine, and ICU telemedicine with appropriate descriptors relevant to each sub-section. Additionally, information from surveys done by the Society of Critical Care Medicine was included given the relevance to the discussion and was referenced accordingly.

Data Extraction and Data Synthesis:
Tele-critical care continues to evolve in multiple domains, including organizational structure, technologies, expanded-use case scenarios, and novel applications. Insights have been gained in economic impact and human and organizational factors affecting tele-critical care delivery. Legislation and credentialing continue to significantly influence the pace of tele-critical care growth and adoption.

Conclusions:
Tele-critical care is an established mechanism to leverage critical care expertise to ICUs and beyond, but systematic research comparing different models, approaches, and technologies is still needed.
Global longitudinal strain is a better metric than left ventricular ejection fraction: lessons learned from cancer therapeutic-related cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Patel Jay , Rikhi Rishi , Hussain Muzna , Ayoub Chadi , Klein Alan , Collier Patrick , Moudgil Rohit 
Published: December 2019

Purpose of the review
This review aims to highlight the utility of global longitudinal strain (GLS) in cancer therapeutic-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD), with an attempt to stipulate that GLS might be a better measure than left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Recent findings
Increasingly, GLS quantification has been employed in various cardiovascular diseases especially with its ability to detect left ventricular dysfunction subclinically, even before a change in LVEF is visualized. In fact, several studies reveal that GLS may be a superior predictor of mortality and morbidity than LVEF in this context. A recent metaanalysis supported the prognosticating value of GLS in CTRCD, however, endorsed the need for larger multicenter studies to establish the value of this metric. Studies in other cardiovascular disease processes showed GLS as a better metric than LVEF.

Summary
GLS has been heralded as a new echocardiographic measure that can detect subclinical cardiac disease. At a minimum, GLS can provide incremental value in prognosticating, diagnosing, and predicting LVEF recovery and at best, a better measure of left ventricular dysfunction.
REPAIR OF COMBINED TRACTION-RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER CRYOABLATION OF A RETINAL CAPILLARY HEMANGIOBLASTOMA
Authors: DeSouza Philip J. , Greven Craig M. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose:
To describe a case of surgical repair of a total, combined traction-rhegmatogenous, retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy after cryoablation of a retinal capillary hemangioblastoma.

Methods:
A case of a 47-year-old man presenting with a solitary, superotemporal retinal capillary hemangioblastoma in the right eye with serous retinal detachment and subfoveal fluid and exudates is reported. The hemangioblastoma was treated with cryoablation, but despite regression of the lesion, the patient developed a total combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 6 weeks later. Vitrectomy, endolaser photocoagulation to tears adjacent to the original hemangioblastoma lesion, and silicone oil exchange was performed to repair the detachment.

Results:
Eighteen months after initial repair, the patient had silicone oil removal and cataract extraction with lens implantation. Final visual acuity improved from counting fingers to 20/50 with total retinal reattachment and regression of the retinal capillary hemangioblastoma.

Conclusion:
Although uncommon, combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment can occur after cryoablation of a retinal capillary hemangioblastoma.
Psychosocial Correlates of Body Image and Lipodystrophy in Women Aging With HIV
Authors: Raggio Greer A. , Looby Sara E. , Robbins Gregory K. , Park Elyse R. , Sweek Elsa W. , Safren Steven A. , Psaros Christina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Body image disturbance is increasingly relevant as women living with HIV (WLWH) live longer. We explored body image disturbance and changes in fat distribution (lipodystrophy) in 63 WLWH (mean age = 51 years) and evaluated associations among lipodystrophy, body image, and psychosocial variables. Eighty-one percent of participants reported one or more body parts (of six assessed) demonstrating lipodystrophy, and more than one third reported three or more affected body parts. Increased belt/waist (58%) and increased chest/breast (39%) sizes were most common. More diffuse lipodystrophy was significantly associated with poorer body image (F[2,54] = 11.86, p < .001, partial η2 = .313) and anxiety (F[2,52] = 3.82, p = .029, partial η2 = .133) after controlling for age and duration of infection. Lipodystrophy was prevalent in our sample; more diffuse lipodystrophy was associated with anxiety and poor body image. Providers should assess lipodystrophy in older WLWH and provide referrals for mental health services.
Mechanisms of Sporadic Control Failure Related to the Skin-Electrode Interface in Myoelectric Hand Prostheses
Authors: Stavdahl Øyvind , Mugaas Terje , Ottermo Maria Vatshaug , Magne Tordis , Kyberd Peter 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
This study is concerned with the control of hand prostheses based on electromyograms. As the prosthesis is moved in space, the socket and electrodes can shift on the residual limb, causing changes in the observed electromyograms. These changes can be misinterpreted by the electronic controller and cause the hand to move unintentionally or fail to execute solicited movements. The goal of this study was to explore the mechanisms related to these myoelectric control failures.

Materials and Methods
To study these phenomena, conventional prosthetic EMG electrodes were augmented with force sensors to record the forces through the devices. These multimodal sensors were then used to control prosthetic hands by 15 users with losses below the elbow. The subjects performed four tasks resembling activities of daily living while the electromyogram signals, force signals, and the performance of the hands (including video images) were recorded. Eight subjects reported a total of 38 control errors, each of which was assigned to one of four failure classes and analyzed.

Results
The article shows examples of the electromyogram and force signals recorded during the control failures and discusses possible causes of the failures. Involuntary opening of the hand was identified as the most common failure, and these failures seemed to be associated with changes in the electrode-skin contact forces. It was not possible to attribute clear causes for 26.2% of the failures.

Conclusions
Knowledge of common failure mechanisms can guide improved design of sockets and electrodes and signal processing to reduce the errors experienced by prosthesis users.
Establishing Test–Retest Reliability and Reliable Change for the King–Devick Test in High School Athletes
Authors: Elbin R. J. , Schatz Philip , Mohler Samantha , Covassin Tracey , Herrington Jesse , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To establish test–retest reliability in nonconcussed high school athletes and compare absolute change, reliable change indices (RCIs), and minimal detectable change (MDC) methods for classifying impairment after sport-related concussion.

Design:
Prospective, repeated measures.

Setting:
High schools from the Midwest and Central regions of the United States.

Participants:
A convenience sample of 772 nonconcussed high school athletes (n = 546 men) completed preseason K–D testing. In addition, 69 athletes completed a second postseason K–D test, and 54 athletes sustained a concussion and completed postconcussion K–D tests.

Intervention:
K–D test.

Main Outcome Measures:
Data for age, sex, and concussion history were determined using preseason K–D test outcomes. Test–retest reliability, RCIs, and MDCs were calculated using postseason K–D tests (M = 98.9, SD = 9.1 days). Postinjury K–D assessments within 5 days of injury (M = 1.5, SD = 1.5 days) were used to classify impairment on K–D using absolute change, RCI, and MDC methods.

Results:
Significant effects for age (P < 0.001) and history of concussion (P = 0.001) were supported on baseline K–D time, with no sex differences (P = 0.21). Preseason to postseason reliability for K–D times was 0.60 (intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% CI, 0.43-0.73), although 38% of athletes exhibited slower postseason K–D times compared with baseline. Impairment on K–D exhibited for 72% of the concussed sample using absolute change, 48% using MDC, and 44% using RCI methods.

Conclusions:
K–D exhibited moderate test–retest reliability across 1 season. Absolute change yielded the highest sensitivity for preinjury to postinjury impairment on the K–D compared with RCI and MDC methods.
Case report: successful endoscopic treatment of a large bowel perforation caused by chicken bone ingestion
Authors: Simunic Miroslav , Zaja Ivan , Ardalic Zarko , Stipic Radoslav , Maras-Simunic Marina 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Large bowel perforations by a foreign body are rarely diagnosed pre-operatively due to non-specific clinical symptoms. The safety and efficacy of foreign body removal via upper endoscopy is well-established and strongly recommended. There is far less experience of endoscopic treatment of sharp foreign bodies impacted in lower parts of gastrointestinal tract.

Patient concerns:
The patient was 78-year-old female with abdominal pain and nausea. Symptoms had begun 48 hours prior to hospital admission. She had lost over 10 kg of body weight in the previous couple of months

Diagnosis:
A multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) examination of the abdomen revealed mural thickening and enhancement of the cecum with haziness and linear areas of high attenuation in the pericecal fat tissue. A colonoscopy showed, the clear presence of a sharp 5.5-cm-long chicken bone perforating the cecal wall at the antemesenteric site close to the Bauchini valve.

Interventions:
A quarter of the bone that had penetrated the cecal wall was pulled out with a flexible colonoscopy using a polypectomy snare. Due to the form and length of the bone, it was withdrawn through the entire colon, using pointed end trailing.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged three days after colonoscopy with normal laboratory results and without any pain.

Lessons:
In cases where sharp foreign bodies stuck into the large bowel, it is highly advisable to try to remove them via colonoscopy, before deciding to resolve the issue through a surgical intervention.
Spinal epidural abscess successfully treated with biportal endoscopic spinal surgery
Authors: Kang Taewook , Park Si Young , Lee Soon Hyuck , Park Jong Hoon , Suh Seung Woo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Surgical decompression and antibiotic therapy are the treatments of choice for patients with spinal epidural abscess (SEA). Surgical treatment included decompression, evacuation of abscess, and debridement. Recently, minimal invasive surgery has been introduced more widely, and biportal endoscopic spinal surgery have shown satisfactory clinical outcomes compared with traditional open surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of biportal endoscopic spinal surgery for the treatment of SEA .
From January 2016 to June 2017, 13 patients who underwent biportal endoscopic spinal surgery under the diagnosis of SEA were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The surgical indications of the enrolled patients included SEA with or without early stage spondylodiscitis who had neurological symptoms. Periopertaive data and clinical outcomes were assessed by regular serologic testing, imaging studies, physical examination, visual analog scale, Oswestry Disability Index and modified Macnab criteria.
Offending pathogens were identified in seven (54%) of 13 biopsy specimens. Appropriate intravenous antibiotics for the identified pathogens isolated from infected tissue biopsy cultures were administrated to patients for at least 30 days. All patients reported satisfactory relief of pain and neurological symptoms after surgery. No surgery-related complications and recurrences were found after 2 years follow up.
Biportal endoscopic spinal surgery may be an effective alternative to traditional open surgical decompression for the treatment of SEA.
Nonossified cervical vertebrae in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome
Authors: Hong You Mi , Cho Dong Hyu , Kim Jin Kyu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS) is a rare disorder caused by the loss of the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 4, and has various phenotypes depending on the deletion size. Although many articles report on urinary tract malformations or ophthalmologic abnormalities, there are few descriptions of the skeletal anomalies. This is an extremely rare case of cervical dysplasia in WHS.

Patient concerns:
A 24-year-old pregnant woman was transferred to our hospital at 21 gestational weeks for intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios and decided to preserve the pregnancy after evaluation. A female was born at full term by normal vaginal delivery, weighing 1791 g. The patient was suspected to have congenital dysplasia of the cervical vertebrae on the routine newborn chest radiograph, and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed nonossification of the C3 and C4 vertebral bodies.

Diagnosis:
The newborn had the “Greek warrior helmet” face typical of WHS. A deletion was detected in the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (p 16.3) by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.

Interventions:
She was hospitalized for nutritional management and congenital anomaly evaluation for a month before being discharged with rehabilitation and antiepileptic drugs.

Outcomes:
The patient has been readmitted with seizure attacks 5 times to date. At one year of age, she still shows severe head lag and feeding problems. Her last weight was below the 3rd centile.

Lessons:
Although cervical dysplasia is a rarely reported morphology in WHS, it may provide artefacts for diagnosing WHS as cervical anomalies, unlike facial anomalies or developmental delays, are seldom found in congenital disease.
Gastrinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 after total pancreatectomy
Authors: Gong Shu , Li Zhi , Liu Xu-Bao , Wang Xin , Shen Wen-Wu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Surgery for patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN-1) related gastrinoma remains controversial and total pancreatectomy (TP) has rarely been performed. We reported a case of patient with MEN-1 related gastrinoma treated by TP.

Patient concerns:
A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to abdominal distension and diarrhea for 2 years. The patient underwent pituitary tumor resection and kidney stone lithotripsy 10 years ago.

Diagnoses:
Abdominal computed tomography showed single lesion in the duodenum and multiple lesions throughout the pancreas. The patient's gastrin level was significantly increased (1080 pg/ml). These findings in combination with the pituitary tumor history suggested the presence of gastrinoma associated with MEN-1 syndrome.

Intervention:
An exploratory laparotomy was performed. Intraoperative ultrasound confirmed the numerous tumors diffusely distributed throughout the pancreas and the patient eventually underwent TP.

Outcomes:
Twelve months later, the patient was hospitalized again for anastomotic fistula and underwent a partial gastrectomy, small bowel resection and drainage of the abscess. One month later, she received gastrostomy and jejunostomy due to digestive tract fistula, and died a month later (14 months after TP).

Lessons:
There still might be the possibility of recurrence even after radical surgical resection of gastrinomas, and we suggest the need to measure the basal acid output and maintain regular anti-acid therapy in the long-term follow-up of patients with MEN-1 related gastrinoma.
Ectopic thyroid in the gallbladder accompanied with gallbladder adenoma
Authors: Li Yanxu , Li Shijun , Wang Meng , Tong Ling 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Ectopic thyroid is most common in the tongue. Here we reported a rare case of thyroid tissue located in the gallbladder wall, accompanied with adenoma and a cyst lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in the neck region of gallbladder neck.

Patient concerns:
A 39-year-old female presented with recurrent upper abdominal pain and radiating back pain.

Diagnoses:
Based on ultrasonography, gallbladder polyps and calculous cholecystitis were suspected.

Interventions:
The patient was treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and thyroid tissue located in the gallbladder wall was found. Histopathological examination showed no features of papillary thyroid neoplasm.

Outcomes:
The patient had no thyroid nodules or suspicious enlarged lymph nodes, and no other symptoms or complications by follow-up for 2.5 years up to September 2019.

Lessons:
We should pay attention to the rare location of ectopic thyroid tissue in the gallbladder and rule out primary thyroid malignancy to avoid unnecessary overtreatment.
Serum proteome profiles to differentiate Crohn disease from intestinal tuberculosis and primary intestinal lymphoma
Authors: Ning Longgui , Shan Guodong , Sun Zeyu , Lou Xinhe , Zhang Fenming , Li Sha , Du Haojie , Yu Jinghua , Chen Hongtan , Xu Guoqiang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of Crohn disease (CD) from intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and primary intestinal lymphoma (PIL) is challenging in patients who exhibit atypical clinical characteristics. The aim of the present study was to explore the serum proteome profiles of CD, PIL and ITB and to identify their differentiations.Treatment-naïve patients with CD (n = 10), PIL (n = 10) and ITB (n = 10) were enrolled in the present study. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in patient serum samples were compared between groups using tandem mass tag labeled proteomic technology. A principal component analysis (PCA) plot and volcano maps were also visualized. Functional pathway analysis was performed using Reactome. The Area under the Curve (AUC) was calculated for each DEP.A total of 818 proteins were identified through proteomic quantification. Among them, 108 DEPs were identified to be differentiated between CD and ITB, 105 proteins between CD and PIL and 55 proteins between ITB and PIL. The proteome from the three groups was distinguishable in the PCA plot. The results revealed that 19, 12, and 10 proteins (AUC ≥ 0.95) were differentially expressed between CD and PIL, CD and ITB, and PIL and ITB, respectively. Among these DEPs, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 was higher in CD than in ITB and PIL. Peroxiredoxin-5, T-complex protein 1 subunit Gamma, CutA, and Fibulin-5 were increased in CD and PIL when compared with ITB. The levels of fibrinogen chains were also significantly higher in patients with PIL compared with CD.The current study demonstrated that serum proteome was distinguishable among patients with CD, PIL, and ITB. The identified proteins may assist in the clinical differentiation among them.