bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La saison des femmes
Authors: Bava Sophie 
Published: March 2020

Qu’elles soient étudiantes ou femmes d’étudiants de l’université al-Azhar en Égypte, ou encore commerçantes, entrepreneures dans la mégapole cairote, les femmes originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne expérimentent des trajectoires où le désir de réussite se heurte aux difficultés de l’insertion et des rapports avec la société locale – mais aussi avec leurs proches. Sur la base de terrains exploratoires menés au Caire, notre contribution suggère plusieurs problématiques quant aux rôles qu’elles assument en migration, à la reconfiguration de leur place dans le couple ou de leur rapport à la religion, et interroge le décalage qu’expérimentent ces femmes entrepreneuses et dynamiques dans leur rencontre avec une autre société et d’autres imaginaires de la femme.
Obodji Soboa, chef supérieur des Abbey en Côte d’Ivoire coloniale
Authors: Miran-Guyon Marie 
Published: March 2020

Cet article brosse le portrait en clair-obscur d’un personnage influent mais oublié de l’histoire coloniale de la Côte d’Ivoire. Obodji Soboa (1886-1952) fut le chef supérieur des Abbey : l’un des rares chefs traditionnels du pays à s’élever à cette distinction la plus haute du « commandement indigène ». L’article interroge l’origine et la transformation du pouvoir dit « coutumier » d’Obodji Soboa et cartographie l’encablure de son autonomie sous contrainte. Il documente aussi ses entreprises économiques et son Église prophétique originale, d’inspiration harriste, dite d’« Aké Offo ». L’article porte un soin particulier à la présentation et à la restitution des sources de l’étude, pour partie inédites, et revisite la question de l’interface entre histoire, mémoire et oubli.
Le football et la guerre froide, de l’Europe au monde
Authors: Dietschy Paul 
Published: March 2020

Pendant la guerre froide, si les grands joueurs comme Ferenc Puskas servent de vitrine aux démocraties populaires, l’UEFA et les coupes d’Europe servent d’espace de dialogue entre Est et Ouest. En revanche, les conflits de la guerre froide limitent le développement du football asiatique, tout en ayant un impact modéré sur l’Afrique ou très réduit en Amérique latine. À partir des années 1950, les migrations de footballeurs hongrois ou yougoslaves anticipent la victoire du modèle du football capitaliste sur son homologue socialiste.
Au-delà de la « machine rouge » : implications soviétiques dans la guerre froide sportive
Authors: Dufraisse Sylvain 
Published: March 2020

À partir de sources russes inédites, cet article a pour but d’analyser la mise en place de politiques sportives visant la performance dans la seconde moitié du xxe siècle en URSS. Il s’intéresse en particulier à deux aspects : le rapport entre les dirigeants sportifs soviétiques et les instances internationales et la convergence des systèmes en matière sportive, puis les luttes d’images et les duels moraux qui contraignirent les autorités soviétiques à développer un ensemble de dispositifs de contrôle afin de policer l’image de leurs meilleurs athlètes.
Gut Microbiota Contributes to Spontaneous Colitis in E3 Ligase Itch-Deficient Mice
Authors: Kathania Mahesh , Tsakem Elviche L. , Theiss Arianne L. , Venuprasad K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with complex shifts in microbiota composition. However, it remains unclear whether specific subsets of commensal bacteria induce inflammatory bowel diseases in genetically susceptible hosts. In this study, we found that deficiency of the E3 ligase Itch, which leads to spontaneous colitis and rectal prolapse, is associated with alteration of the gut microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing showed expansion of colitogenic Bacteroides sp. in Itch−/− mice. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics substantially reduced colonic inflammation in Itch−/− mice. Microbiota of Itch−/− mice failed to induce spontaneous colitis upon transfer to Itch+/+ mice but aggravated chemically induced colitis. Furthermore, we found that Bacteroides vulgatus, which is expanded in Itch−/− mice, was sufficient to induce colon inflammation in Itch−/− mice.
Negative Regulation of IKKε-Mediated IRF7 Phosphorylation by HSP70
Authors: Lee Kyoung Jin , Lee Heuiran , Joo Chul Hyun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Immune reactions are controlled by the delicate spatiotemporal orchestration of multiple cells communicating by cytokines. Studies of cytokines that began with the discovery of IFN focused on positive regulatory mechanisms that induce secretion in response to harmful stimuli. However, there is a growing awareness that negative regulatory mechanisms that stop secretion of cytokines at specific times and spaces are also important for a successful immune reaction. Type I IFN is the primary cytokine in innate immunity. Although its induction is a prerequisite for the consequent adaptive immune reaction, its oversecretion can cause destructive tissue damage. IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a master transcription factor of type I IFN, and multiple observations indicate the key role of IRF7 and the importance of its negative regulation. In this study, we found that the inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) regulated the early type I IFN response by using mice knockout for HSP70. HSP70 dampened IRF7 activation; the inhibitory effect of HSP70 over IKKε-mediated IRF7 activation originated from simple competitive binding. This suggests the possibility of blocking the feed-forward loop between IRF7 and type I IFN in stress environments with increased expression of HSP70.
IL-10 Dampens an IL-17–Mediated Periodontitis-Associated Inflammatory Network
Authors: Sun Lu , Girnary Mustafa , Wang Lufei , Jiao Yizu , Zeng Erliang , Mercer Kyle , Zhang Jinmei , Marchesan Julie T. , Yu Ning , Moss Kevin , Lei Yu L. , Offenbacher Steven , Zhang Shaoping 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests comprehensive immune profiling represents a highly promising, yet insufficiently tapped approach to identify potentially prognostic signatures for periodontitis. In this report, we agnostically identified a periodontitis-associated inflammatory expression network with multiple biomarkers identified within gingival crevicular fluid samples from study participants by applying principal component analysis. We identified an IL-17–dominated trait that is associated with periodontal disease and is inversely modified by the level of IL-10. IL-10 mitigated chemokine CXCL5 and CXCL1 expressions in IL-17–stimulated peripheral blood monocytic cells and peripheral blood monocytic cell–derived macrophages. Il10-deficient mice presented more bone loss, which was associated with more Il17 and IL-17–mediated chemokine and cytokine expression at the transcriptional levels in comparison with control wild-type mice in both the Porphyromonas gingivalis–induced experimental murine periodontitis and ligature-induced alveolar bone-loss models. The dampening effect of IL-10 on the excessive signaling of IL-17 appeared to be mediated by innate immune cells populations rather than by gingival epithelial cells, which are the major cell target for IL-17 signaling. Additionally, elevated IL-17 response in Il10-deficient mice specifically elicited an M1-skewing macrophage phenotype in the gingiva that was associated with the advanced bone loss in the ligature model. In summary, IL-17 dominated an inflammatory network characteristic of periodontitis, and IL-10 dampens this excessive IL-17–mediated periodontitis trait.
IFN-Stimulated Gene 15 Is an Alarmin that Boosts the CTL Response via an Innate, NK Cell–Dependent Route
Authors: Iglesias-Guimarais Victoria , Ahrends Tomasz , de Vries Evert , Knobeloch Klaus-Peter , Volkov Andriy , Borst Jannie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractType I IFN is produced upon infection and tissue damage and induces the expression of many IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that encode host-protective proteins. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like molecule that can be conjugated to proteins but is also released from cells in a free form. Free, extracellular ISG15 is suggested to have an immune-regulatory role, based on disease phenotypes of ISG15-deficient humans and mice. However, the underlying mechanisms by which free ISG15 would act as a “cytokine” are unclear and much debated. We, in this study, demonstrate in a clinically relevant mouse model of therapeutic vaccination that free ISG15 is an alarmin that induces tissue alert, characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling, myeloid cell infiltration, and inflammation. Moreover, free ISG15 is a potent adjuvant for the CTL response. ISG15 produced at the vaccination site promoted the vaccine-specific CTL response by enhancing expansion, short-lived effector and effector/memory differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The function of free ISG15 as an extracellular ligand was demonstrated, because the equivalents in murine ISG15 of 2 aa recently implicated in binding of human ISG15 to LFA-1 in vitro were required for its adjuvant effect in vivo. Moreover, in further agreement with the in vitro findings on human cells, free ISG15 boosted the CTL response in vivo via NK cells in the absence of CD4+ T cell help. Thus, free ISG15 is part of a newly recognized innate route to promote the CTL response.
Pemanfaatan kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan Natrium Karbosimetil Selulosa
Authors: Santoso Shella Permatasari , Sanjaya Niko , Ayucitra Aning 
Published: March 2020

The use of cassava peels as raw material for Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose productionCassava peels are abundantly available and may be used as an lowcost cellulose source (80-85% cellulose per weight cassava peel). the study was to evaluate the effect of the concentration of sodium hydroxide, sodium chloroacetate, and temperature reaction on the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (sodium-CMC) characteristics i.e. yield, purity, and degree of substitution in sodium-CMC preparation. Sodium-CMC functional group was determined using FTIR spectrophotometer. Cassava peels was dried and grounded to 50 mesh. Lignin was eliminated from cassava peel by extraction of grounded cassava peel with 10% NaOH at 35 °C for 5 h. Cassava peel free lignin was then re-extracted using 10% of acetic acid and sodium chloride at 75 °C for 1 h, thus cellulose free hemicellulose was obtained. Alkalization at 30 °C for 90 min was performed by adding sodium hydroxyde at 10-40% to cellulose using isopropyl alcohol solvent. Following this, etherification was conducted by adding sodium chloroacetate of 1-5 g at 50-80 °C for 6 h. As result, the highest purity of sodium-CMC (96.20%) was obtained from alkalization using 20% of sodium hydroxide and etherification using 3 g sodium chloroacetate at 70 °C. Sodium-CMC yield was 22% and degree of substitution 0.705.Keywords: cassava peel, carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium-CMC, etherification AbstrakKulit singkong merupakan sumber selulosa yang berlimpah dan murah, dengan kadar selulosa 80-85% dari berat kulit singkong. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan selulosa dalam kulit singkong sebagai bahan baku pembuatan natrium karboksimetil selulosa (Na-CMC), mempelajari pengaruh natrium hidroksida, natrium kloroasetat serta suhu pada karakteristik Na-CMC seperti perolehan, kemurnian, dan derajat substitusi, serta menentukan kondisi operasi optimum untuk pembuatan Na-CMC berdasarkan kemurnian Na-CMC terbesar. Gugus fungsi Na-CMC ditentukan menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra. Mula-mula, kulit singkong dikeringkan dan dihancurkan sehingga berukuran 50 mesh. Kulit singkong diekstraksi dengan NaOH 10% di suhu 35 °C selama 5 jam, untuk melarutkan lignin. Kulit singkong bebas lignin diekstrak dengan asam asetat 10% dan natrium klorida dengan pemanasan 750 °C selama 1 jam untuk melarutkan hemiselulosa sehingga didapatkan selulosa. Alkalisasi dilakukan dengan mereaksikan selulosa dengan NaOH 10-40% dengan pelarut isopropil alkohol pada suhu 30 °C selama 90 menit, dilanjutkan eterifikasi dengan natrium kloroasetat 1-5 g pada suhu 50-80 °C selama 6 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, karakteristik Na-CMC terbaik didapatkan dari alkalisasi selulosa menggunakan NaOH 20% serta eterifikasi menggunakan 3 g natrium kloroasetat pada suhu 70 °C. Perolehan Na-CMC yang didapat adalah sebesar 22%, kemurnian 96,20%, derajat substitusi 0,705; termasuk dalam grade kedua menurut SNI 06-3736-1995.Kata kunci: kulit singkong, karboksimetil selulosa, Na-CMC, eterifikasi
Desain proses pengeringan semprot untuk produksi tepung karet alam dari lateks
Authors: Abidin A. Zainal , Vachlepi Afrizal 
Published: March 2020

Spray drying process design for the production of natural rubber powder from latexHigh water content in latex may result in perishable condition, high transportation costs, large packing needs, and handling difficulty due to the use of ammonia to prevent its coagulation. A solution to this problem is to convert the latex into rubber powder using spray drying. This work describes the design of the rubber powder production process, feedstock formulation, and the design of the dryer. Spray dryer performance is evaluated by simulation. The production process involves latex collection, quality inspection, filtration, addition of additives, and spray drying. Feedstock formulation consists of fresh latex, 1 %-w anticoagulant, and 2 %-w non-stick agent. The drying chamber is designed with a latex feed rate of 6x10-5 m3/s, moisture content of 80 %-w, density of 920 kg/m3, feed temperature of 27 oC, and drying air temperature of 140 oC. A pressurized-type nozzle is selected for the dryer. Design calculation results indicate that the dryer requires a nozzle diameter of 3.5 mm, chamber volume of 0.8 m3, cylindrical section height of 850 mm, conical section height of 870 mm, and a chamber diameter of 1000 mm. Drying time is 0.134 sec, with an overall residence time of 1.80 second. The dryer is predicted to produce natural rubber powder with a moisture content of 0.32-0.56 %-w.Keywords: latex, design, spray drying, simulation AbstrakKandungan air yang tinggi di dalam lateks dapat mengakibatkan lateks mudah rusak, biaya transportasinya tinggi, kebutuhan kemasannya besar, dan penanganannya yang ketat karena lateks mengandung amonia sebagai bahan pencegah kerusakan. Salah satu cara mengatasinya adalah mengkonversi lateks tersebut menjadi tepung karet alam dengan teknologi pengeringan semprot (spray drying). Di sini akan dipaparkan perancangan proses produksi tepung tersebut, formulasi umpannya, dan pengering semprot (spray dryer) yang digunakan untuk mengeringkan lateks. Kinerja dari pengering semprot dievaluasi dengan teknik simulasi. Rancangan proses produksi dimulai dari pengumpulan lateks, pemeriksaan kualitas lateks, penyaringan, penambahan zat aditif, dan pengeringan semprot. Formulasi umpan terdiri dari lateks segar, antikoagulan 1%-b, dan antilengket 2 %-b. Ruang pengering semprot dirancang berdasarkan laju alir umpan lateks 6x10-5 m3/s dengan kadar air 80 %-b, densitas 920 kg/m3, suhu umpan 27 °C, dan udara pengering 140 °C. Nozzle bertekanan dipilih untuk alat ini. Hasil desain menunjukkan bahwa pengering semprot memerlukan diameter lubang nozzle 3,5 mm,volume ruang pengering 0,8 m3, tinggi bagian silinder 850 mm, kerucut 870 mm, dan diameter 1000 mm. Waktu pengeringan umpan berlangsung selama 0,134 detik dengan waktu lintasan 1,80 detik. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan pengering semprot mampu menghasilkan tepung karet alam dengan kadar air sekitar 0,32-0,56%.Kata kunci: lateks, perancangan, pengeringan semprot, simulasi
Freedom’s Journal
Authors: Stave Emma 
Published: March 2020

This article examines the first newspaper operated, published, and distributed by free blacks in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century, Freedom’s Journal. Despite being active for merely two years, the New York-based periodical managed to unite African Americans across different states by becoming their mouthpiece. The first part of the article examines well-established historical facts including information about the editors, the readership, and the methods of distribution. The second part examines changes brought to the journalistic field by African Americans, while part three analyzes excerpts from a debate between proponents of the colonization movement, and their African American opponents. The final part discusses why the periodical ceased publishing, the importance of the method of distribution, and how the paper may have impacted subsequent black rights movements. Finally, an assessment is given as to how periodicals like Freedom’s Journal may influence the present and the future.
Storytelling and gamification as tools for teaching information literacy
Authors: Pudas Annamari , Örn Anitta 
Published: March 2020

Welcome onboard. Your research vessel is waiting for you at the harbor. Your destination: Antarctica. Your goal: Save the world. Along the way you will encounter perilous waters and daring tasks. Sharpen your source criticism and find the right answers before it’s too late. This is Kylmä keikka - the Antarctic challenge.
Kylmä keikka edugame is developed in ESR project Poluttamo – Adaptable learning Paths. Our goal was to test how storytelling and gamification works in teaching information literacy. The focus of the learning content is in the source criticism and recognizing facts from fake news. Story connecting to climate change suited our purposes due to its controversial nature. The game was developed for the vocational school students, but it has also been tested in the higher education level.
At the current state, the game is still developing. It has been developed by using free tools and platforms. This allowed us to test the story and the game ideas. We are hoping that the game could be developed further for example adding more visual content to it and to make it truly an online multiplayer game. We believe that by bringing in the more advanced interactive aspect to the game, where players could communicate with each other and with the content or assignments online, it would improve the educational outcome. At he moment the game is available only in Finnish. An English version is estimated to be published in Spring 2020.
Financial Leverage and Dividend Policy: Evidence from Oil and Gas Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuebuka Orajekwe, Jerry , Okonkwo Okegbe, Theophilus 
Published: March 2020

Aims: The study examined the relationship existing between financial leverage and the dividend policy of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria.
Study Design: The research work adopted for the study ex-post facto research design. Secondary data spanning 2011 to 2018 was sourced and collated from annual reports and accounts of oil and gas firms in Nigeria and Nigeria Stock Exchange factbook.
Place of Study: Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methodology: The data was analyzed employing descriptive statistics and the least square regression technique.
Results: The study revealed that a significant relationship exists between long term debt and dividend payout ratio; total debt and dividend payout ratio while no significant relationship exists between short term debt and dividend payout ratio of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria
Conclusion: Given the integral role the Oil and Gas sector plays in Nigeria, this paper showed the centrality of the capital structure and dividend policy in ensuring the stability of corporations in the Nigerian Oil and Gas industry.
The Potential for Acupuncture to Attenuate Hippocampal Apoptosis
Authors: Marsheck Hana , Koh Yunsuk 
Published: March 2020

Aims: To evaluate the potential for acupuncture to help mediate hippocampal apoptosis.
Study Design: Systematic Review.
Methodology: A search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science using the keywords “hippocampus,” “apoptosis” and “acupuncture” and found 37 qualified articles from January 2009 to March 2019.
Results: All of the qualifying studies reviewed strongly support that acupuncture decreases the incidence of hippocampal apoptosis.
Conclusion: It was clear that acupuncture can positively affect hippocampal apoptosis. The most frequently suggested mechanism was decreased BAX expression and increased BCL-2 expression, often in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, although it was only seen in about 1/3 of the studies reviewed. Future studies are needed to further investigate the exact mechanism associated with acupuncture in hippocampal apoptosis.
Potentials of Starch Nanoparticles Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Coprecipitated with Iron (II, III) Oxide
Authors: Oladebeye Abraham Olasupo 
Published: March 2020

Aim: The quest for unveiling the potentials of underutilized tropical starches as nanoparticle disintegrants in drug delivery system was the focus of this research work.
Place of Study: The analyses were carried out in the laboratory of Chemistry Department, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria.
Methodology: Native starch of jack bean (Cavanalia ensiformis) was impregnated with iron (II, III) oxide via co-precipitation method, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The native starch and iron oxide starch nanoparticles were evaluated for swelling properties, FTIR patterns, morphologies and XRD patterns.
Results: The swelling powers of the native starch and the magnetic starch nanoparticles were affected altered between pH 2 and 12. O–H stretching appeared at 3242 cm-1 and 3265.1 cm-1; C–H stretching at 2926.7 cm-1 and 2926.0 cm-1 and C–O stretching at 1077.2 cm-1 and 1077.2 cm-1 absorption bands for native starch and starch nanoparticles respectively. C–O–C stretching of glycosidic bonds was observed at 1148 cm-1 for both samples. The native starch had non-uniform shapes, appearing as a mix of oval, spherical and polygonal shapes while non-uniform rock-like granules with evidences of strata were obtained for starch nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction peaks of 24.04°, 18.32° and 33.95° 2θ were obtained for native starch while 24.00°, 18.24° and 57.36° 2θ for starch nanoparticles. The crystallinity indexes of the native starch and starch nanoparticles were 81.01% and 87.30% respectively. The same trend was obtained for their crystallite sizes.
Conclusion: The magnetic starch nanoparticles studied could be possible source of disintegrants for drug formulations and delivery. They could as well be applied in water treatment technology.
Screening of Actinomycetes from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizosphere for Antifungal Activity
Authors: Osaro-Matthew R. C. , Ire F. S. , Frank-Peterside N. 
Published: March 2020

Aim: The present study was carried out to isolate actinomycetes from rhizospheric soil of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale and evaluate their antifungal potential.
Methods: Actinomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of two Zingiberaceae plants (Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale), using four different culture media. Isolates were screened for antifungal activity using dual culture technique against two reference strains Colletotrichum coccodes (DSM 2492) and Alternaria pimpriana (DSM 62023). The most potent strain was identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and the bioactive components of the strain were identified using GC-MS chromatography.
Results: Fifteen strains of actinomycetes were isolated, SCA (starch casein agar) was found best for cultivation of actinomycetes. The 15 strains were grouped into three genera Norcadia 8(54%), Streptomyces 5(33%) and Janibacter 2(13%) based on morphological, biochemical and physiological identification. Among the 15 isolates 6(40%) strains showed activity against either of the test organisms, while 1(6.7%) was active against the both test organisms. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences identified the potent isolates as Janibacter sp. strain RC18. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 20 compounds with 10 identified as potent antimicrobial metabolites.
Conclusion: This study has revealed that rhizosphere of ginger and turmeric harbours rare actinomycetes that are valuable tool for sustainable agriculture.