bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectoral rehabilitation intervention for patients with intermittent claudication versus usual care for patients in non-operative management - the CIPIC Rehab Study: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Siercke Maj , Jørgensen Lise Pyndt , Missel Malene , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Blach Pernille Peppercorn , Sillesen Henrik , Berg Selina Kikkenborg 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionIntermittent claudication (IC) caused by peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common cardiovascular disease. Patients with IC have reduced walking capacity, restricted activity levels and mobility, and reduced health-related quality of life. The disease leads to social isolation, the risk of cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality. Non-operative management of IC requires exercise therapy and studies show that supervised exercise training is more effective than unsupervised training, yet many patients with IC lack motivation for changes in health behaviour.No studies investigating the effects of existing cardiac rehabilitation targeted patients with IC have been published. The aim of this article is to present the rationale and design of the CIPIC Rehab Study, which examines the effect of a cross-sectoral rehabilitation programme versus usual care for patients in non-operative management for IC.Methods and analysisA randomised clinical trial aims to investigate whether cardiac rehabilitation for patients with IC in non-operative management versus usual care is superior to treatment as usual. The trial will allocate 118 patients, with a 1:1 individual randomisation to either the intervention or control group.The primary outcome is maximal walking distance measured by the standardised treadmill walking test. The secondary outcome is pain-free walking distance measured by the standardised treadmill walking test, healthy diet measured by a fat-fish-fruit-green score, and level of physical activity measured by an activity score within official recommendations. Statistical analyses will be blinded.Several exploratory analyses will be performed. A mixed-method design is used to evaluate qualitative and quantitative findings. A qualitative and a survey-based complementary study will be undertaken to investigate patients’ post-discharge experiences. A qualitative post-intervention study will explore experiences of participation in rehabilitation.DiscussionThe study is the first to assess the effect of a cardiac rehabilitation programme designed for patients with IC. The study will describe how to monitor and improve rehabilitation programmes for patients with IC in a real-world setting. Mixed-method strategies can allow for both exploration and generalisation in the same study, but the research design is a complex intervention and any effects found cannot be awarded a specific component.Trial RegistrationRetrospectively registered inClinicaltrials.govidentifier: NCT03730623.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effect of crenezumab on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yoshida Kenta , Moein Anita , Bittner Tobias , Ostrowitzki Susanne , Lin Helen , Honigberg Lee , Jin Jin Y. , Quartino Angelica 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCrenezumab, a fully humanized anti-beta-amyloid (Aβ) immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibody, binds to both monomeric and aggregated forms of Aβ. We assessed the pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) of crenezumab and its interaction with monomeric Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) peptides in serum/plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from the phase II ABBY and BLAZE studies and the phase Ib GN29632 study.MethodsIn ABBY, BLAZE, and GN29632 studies, patients with mild-to-moderate AD were treated with either placebo or crenezumab (300 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks [q2w], or 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, or 120 mg/kg intravenously q4w). Serum/plasma PK/PD analyses included samples from 131 patients who received crenezumab in all three studies. CSF PK/PD analyses included samples from 76 patients who received crenezumab in ABBY or BLAZE. The impact of baseline patient factors on Aβ profiles was also evaluated.ResultsThe serum concentration of crenezumab increased in a dose-proportional manner between 15 and 120 mg/kg q4w. Total monomeric plasma Aβ(1–40) and Aβ(1–42) levels significantly increased after crenezumab administration. The mean crenezumab CSF to serum ratio was ~ 0.3% and was similar across dosing cohorts/routes of administration. No clear correlation was observed between crenezumab concentration and Aβ(1–42) increase in CSF at week 69. The target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) model described the observed plasma concentration–time profiles of crenezumab and Aβ well. Elimination clearance (CLel) and central volume of distribution (Vcent) of crenezumab were estimated at 0.159 L/day and 2.89 L, respectively, corresponding to a half-life of ~ 20 days. Subcutaneous bioavailability was estimated at 66.2%.ConclusionsCrenezumab PK was dose proportional up to 120 mg/kg, with a half-life consistent with IgG monoclonal antibodies. Our findings provide evidence for peripheral target engagement in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. The study also showed that a model-based approach is useful in making inference on PK/PD relationship with unmeasured species such as free plasma Aβ levels.Trial registrationsABBY: ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01343966. Registered April 28, 2011. BLAZE: ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT01397578. Registered July 19, 2011. GN29632: ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT02353598. Registered February 3, 2015.
Age-variant and age-invariant features of functional brain organization in middle-aged and older autistic adults
Authors: Bathelt Joe , Koolschijn P. Cédric , Geurts Hilde M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The majority of research effort into autism has been dedicated to understanding mechanisms during early development. As a consequence, research on the broader life course of an autism spectrum condition (ASC) has largely been neglected and almost nothing is known about ASC beyond middle age. Differences in brain connectivity that arise during early development may be maintained across the lifespan and may play protective or detrimental roles in older age.

Method
This study explored age-related differences in functional connectivity across middle and older age in clinically diagnosed autistic adults (n = 44, 30–73 years) and in an age-matched typical comparison group (n = 45).

Results
The results indicated parallel age-related associations in ASC and typical aging for the local efficiency and connection strength of the default mode network and for the segregation of the frontoparietal control network. In contrast, group differences in visual network connectivity are compatible with a safeguarding interpretation of less age-related decline in brain function in ASC. This divergence was mirrored in different associations between visual network connectivity and reaction time variability in the ASC and comparison group.

Limitations
The study is cross-sectional and may be affected by cohort effects. As all participants received their autism diagnosis in adulthood, this might hinder generalizability.

Conclusion
These results highlight the complexity of aging in ASC with both parallel and divergent trajectories across different aspects of functional network organization.
Associations between HLA and autoimmune neurological diseases with autoantibodies
Authors: Muñiz-Castrillo Sergio , Vogrig Alberto , Honnorat Jérôme 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, several autoimmune neurological diseases have been defined by the presence of autoantibodies against different antigens of the nervous system. These autoantibodies have been demonstrated to be specific and useful biomarkers, and most of them are also pathogenic. These aspects have increased the value of autoantibodies in neurological practice, as they enable to establish more accurate diagnosis and to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the autoimmune neurological diseases when they are compared to those lacking them. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms leading to the autoimmune response are still obscure. Genetic predisposition is likely to play a role in autoimmunity, HLA being the most reported genetic factor. Herein, we review the current knowledge about associations between HLA and autoimmune neurological diseases with autoantibodies. We report the main alleles and haplotypes, and discuss the clinical and pathogenic implications of these findings.
An efficient computational scheme for nonlinear time fractional systems of partial differential equations arising in physical sciences
Authors: Dubey Ved Prakash , Kumar Rajnesh , Kumar Devendra , Khan Ilyas , Singh Jagdev 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we broaden the utilization of a beautiful computational scheme, residual power series method (RPSM), to attain the fractional power series solutions of nonhomogeneous and homogeneous nonlinear time-fractional systems of partial differential equations. This paper considers the fractional derivatives of Caputo-type. The approximate solutions of given systems of equations are calculated through the utilization of the provided initial conditions. This iterative scheme generates the fast convergent series solutions with conveniently determinable components. The implementation of this numerical scheme clearly exhibits its effectiveness, reliability and easiness regarding the procedure of the solution, as well as its better approximation. The repercussions of the fractional order of Caputo derivatives on solutions are depicted through graphical presentations for various particular cases.
Development of a conceptual framework for a group-based format of the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (gLiFE) programme and its initial feasibility testing
Authors: Kramer Franziska , Labudek Sarah , Jansen Carl-Philipp , Nerz Corinna , Fleig Lena , Clemson Lindy , Becker Clemens , Schwenk Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) programme is a fall prevention programme originally taught in a resource-intensive one-to-one format with limited feasibility for large-scale implementation. The aim of this paper is to present the conceptual framework and initial feasibility evaluation of a group-based LiFE (gLiFE) format developed for large-scale implementation.MethodsThe conceptual gLiFE framework (part I) is based on three pillars,LiFE Activities and Principles,Theory of Behaviour Change and Behaviour Change Techniques, andInstruction. The feasibility of gLiFE was tested (part II) within a multimodal approach including quantitative questionnaires measuring safety, acceptability (1 = best to 7 = insufficient), and adherence to the LiFE activities (range = 0–14) as well as a focus group interview. Exploratory self-reported measures on behaviour change including self-determined motivation (range = 1–5), intention, planning, action control, and habit strength (range = 1–6) were assessed pre and post intervention. Data analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe development process resulted in a manualised gLiFE concept containing standardised information on gLiFE’s content and structure. Feasibility testing: Six older adults (median = 72.8 years, 5 female) completed the feasibility study and rated safety (median = 7.0, IQR = 0.3) and acceptability as high (median = 1, IQR = 1). Participants implemented 9.5 LiFE activities (IQR = 4.0) into their daily routines. No adverse events occurred during the study. In the focus group, the group format and LiFE activities were perceived as positive and important for maintaining strength and balance capacity. Self-determined motivation intention, planning, and habit strength were rated higher post intervention.ConclusionThe developed conceptual gLiFE framework represents the basis for a gLiFE format with potential for standardised large-scale implementation. Proof-of-concept could be demonstrated in a group of community-dwelling older adults at risk of falling. The public health potential of gLiFE in terms of (cost-)effectiveness is currently being evaluated in a large trial.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03412123. Registered on January 26, 2018
Mapping research in student engagement and educational technology in higher education: a systematic evidence map
Authors: Bond Melissa , Buntins Katja , Bedenlier Svenja , Zawacki-Richter Olaf , Kerres Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDigital technology has become a central aspect of higher education, inherently affecting all aspects of the student experience. It has also been linked to an increase in behavioural, affective and cognitive student engagement, the facilitation of which is a central concern of educators. In order to delineate the complex nexus of technology and student engagement, this article systematically maps research from 243 studies published between 2007 and 2016. Research within the corpus was predominantly undertaken within the United States and the United Kingdom, with only limited research undertaken in the Global South, and largely focused on the fields of Arts & Humanities, Education, and Natural Sciences, Mathematics & Statistics. Studies most often used quantitative methods, followed by mixed methods, with little qualitative research methods employed. Few studies provided a definition of student engagement, and less than half were guided by a theoretical framework. The courses investigated used blended learning and text-based tools (e.g. discussion forums) most often, with undergraduate students as the primary target group. Stemming from the use of educational technology, behavioural engagement was by far the most often identified dimension, followed by affective and cognitive engagement. This mapping article provides the grounds for further exploration into discipline-specific use of technology to foster student engagement.
Four-Point Computed Tomography Scores for Evaluation of Occult Peritoneal Metastasis in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Region-to-Region Comparison with Staging Laparoscopy
Authors: Li Zi-Yu , Tang Lei , Li Zhe-Min , Li Yan-Ling , Fu Jia , Zhang Yan , Li Xiao-Ting , Ying Xiang-Ji , Ji Jia-Fu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Preoperative diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis with gastric cancer remains challenging. This study explored the abnormal computed tomography (CT) signs of occult peritoneal metastasis (OPM) and evaluated it by region-to-region comparison using staging laparoscopy, from which a 4-point CT score system was developed.

Methods
Patients with advanced gastric cancer (stage cT ≥ 2M0) diagnosed by CT were enrolled in the study. Occult peritoneal metastasis detected during staging laparoscopy was compared with preoperative CT to investigate the presence of abnormal signs by a region-to-region comparison. A 4-point CT score system was developed to define the radiologic characteristics. Subsequently, the diagnostic efficacy of the CT score system was prospectively verified.

Results
In this study, 57 OPM regions were detected by staging laparoscopy in 33 of the 385 enrolled patients. The greater omentum was the most frequent site of OPM (38.60%, 22/57), which usually exhibited a smudge-like ground-glass opacity (S-GGO) (90.91%, 20/22) with a mean CT score of 2.14. The parietal and perihepatic peritoneum was the second most common site (22.81%, 13/57). A 4-point CT score system was developed based on the results. A cutoff CT score of 2 or higher was associated with a false-negative rate of 2% (2/99). This CT score system had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 76.4% for an OPM-positive diagnosis (area under the curve, 0.848). The agreement between two radiologists on the assigned final score was 76.2% (kappa, 0.5).

Conclusions
Patients with OPM mostly exhibited S-GGO on CT, which should be interpreted cautiously. The 4-point CT score system may improve the pretreatment evaluation of occult peritoneal metastasis, and staging laparoscopy might not be necessary for patients with a score lower than 2.
Primary Tumor Surgery for Patients with De Novo Stage IV Breast Cancer can Decrease Local Symptoms and Improve Quality of Life
Authors: Si Yiran , Yuan Peng , Hu Nanlin , Wang Xue , Ju Jie , Wang Jiayu , Ma Fei , Luo Yang , Zhang Pin , Li Qing , Xu Binghe 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
It was unknown whether surgery for primary tumor would affect the occurrence of local symptoms caused by tumor progression in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer (BC). Our work attempted to probe the effect of local resection on controlling local symptoms and improving the quality of life in de novo stage IV BC patients.

Methods
Our study included patients presenting with de novo stage IV BC at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from January 2008 to December 2014. In this study, we defined a new term called “local progress/recurrence of symptoms” (LPRS) to refer to the local problems caused by tumor progression/recurrence. All the patients were grouped into surgery and non-surgery groups. The characteristics of the two groups were analyzed by Chi square and Fisher’s test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were designed to evaluate independent prognostic factors.

Results
This study contained 177 patients. The follow-up deadline was April 1, 2019. The median follow-up time was 33 months (range 1–135 months). In included patients, 77 (43.5%) underwent surgery for primary tumors. Primary tumor surgery could reduce the occurrence of LPRS (relative risk/risk ratio (RR = 0.440; 95% CI 0.227–0.852; p = 0.015)) and patients without LPRS had longer OS (45 months vs 29 months, p < 0.001). In addition, patients who had only one symptom had better OS than those who had two or three symptoms (p = 0.0175).

Conclusions
The quality of life in patients with de novo stage IV breast cancer can be improved by reducing the incidence of local symptoms through primary tumor surgery.
Bargaining Process and Channel Efficiency
Authors: Haruvy Ernan , Katok Elena , Pavlov Valery 
Published: January 2020

The behavioral literature has demonstrated that the format of supply chain contracts matters even when theoretically it should not and that contracts that in theory coordinate channels fail to do so in laboratory experiments. The existing body of experimental evidence uses an ultimatum bargaining protocol to test analytical models, but there is no reason to think that bargaining in supply chains is in the form of ultimatum offers. We investigate the effect of bargaining on contract performance by extending the bargaining protocol to allow the manufacturer to make concessions. We test coordinating contract with bargaining in the laboratory by comparing wholesale price and the two-part tariff contracts using two different bargaining protocols. We then develop and estimate a statistical model of behavior with bargaining and find that this model organizes our data well. Our main finding is that the contracts that we study are more efficient when participants are allowed to make concessions. The additional channel efficiency is owing to more efficient offers made by manufacturers. The higher channel efficiency primarily benefits the retailer—the weaker party. Our main contribution is the observation that, when testing analytical models of contracts in the laboratory, the way that the bargaining process is implemented, such as the ability to make concessions, has a critical effect on conclusions. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Art hodontics: the Search for ‘Ultimate Beauty’ in Philosophy, Classicism and Orthodontics
Authors: Alkadhimi Aslam , Farnaz Motamedi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract: The nature of beauty is one of the most imperishable and controversial themes in Western philosophy, and is a fundamental issue in philosophical aesthetics. Beauty has classically been counted among the ultimate values, with goodness, truth and justice. It is a primary theme among ancient Greek, Hellenistic and Medieval philosophers. The origins of clinical facial aesthetic analysis stem from the theoretical musings and introspection of pioneering artists and sculptors, stretching back to antiquity. The application of such analyses in clinical practice has been modified in accordance with changing cultural perceptions. Nonetheless, the work of the great artists and sculptors of past ages remains inherent in our ability to diagnose variations in facial appearance accurately. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the philosophical, artistic and clinical basis of facial harmony is essential to diagnose and treat dental patients in general, and orthodontic patients in particular.
An unusual case of SMMCI syndrome: supernumerary midline central incisor in siblings
Authors: Morison Hannah , Gillgrass Toby , Dunbar Evelyn , Welbury Richard 
Published: January 2020

This is the first reported case of siblings with Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor (SMMCI) syndrome presenting with an erupted single symmetrical central maxillary midline incisor between normal central incisors. Usually only one central incisor is present. This case is also interesting as the tooth described could have been mistaken for a mesiodens, however, a mesiodens is not symmetrical and usually erupts between the maxillary central incisors and sits slightly to the right or left of the midline. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case highlights the fact that SMMCI should not be considered as a simple dental anomaly because it may be associated with more complex craniofacial malformations.
An unusual presentation of dental transposition caused by digit-sucking
Authors: Shargill Inderjit , Littlewood Simon J 
Published: January 2020

This article describes the case of a 12-year-old boy who presented with a unique digit-sucking habit which has led to transposition of the lower lateral incisors with the lower canines. The aetiology, pathology and management are described for digit-sucking habits and dental transposition. CPD/Clinical Relevance: It is important to recognize digit-sucking habits in patients and the implications for the malocclusion.
First premolar ankylosis
Authors: Oliver Graham , Nevard Heather , McKnight Mary 
Published: January 2020

A case is described of a 13-year-old boy who presented with infra-occluded primary molars in three quadrants. Creation of space allowed the second premolars in two quadrants to erupt spontaneously. The first premolar in the remaining quadrant did not erupt spontaneously, failing to reach occlusal contact despite orthodontic traction. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case demonstrates apparent intermittent ankylosis of a maxillary first premolar.
Endoscopic resection for giant oesophageal fibrovascular polyp
Authors: Acar N , Acar T , Cengiz F , Şuataman B , Tavusbay C , Haciyanli M 
Published: January 2020

A fibrovascular polyp is a rare benign pseudotumour of the oesophagus and hypopharynx. Although patients usually present with dysphagia, aspiration related mortality may occur. If the tumour is too large and/or located in the proximal oesophagus, it may protrude from the mouth. The general approach to treatment is complete reconstruction with cervicotomy. We present our experience of a giant oesophageal fibrovascular polyp that was protruding from the mouth and treated with endoscopic resection. A 55-year-old man was admitted to our outpatient clinic complaining of a mass protruding from his mouth when he coughed. Endoscopy and bronchoscopy both revealed a 15–18cm long polypoid mass originating from the proximal oesophagus (at the level of the hypopharynx). Complete resection was performed via endoscopy.