bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who attempts suicide among medical students?
Authors: Marcon G. , Massaro Carneiro Monteiro G. , Ballester P. , Cassidy R. M. , Zimerman A. , Brunoni A. R. , von Diemen L. , Hauck S. , Passos I. C. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with a history of suicide attempt in medical students.MethodsA Web‐based survey was sent out to a sample of medical students. A multi‐predictor Poisson regression was performed to identify factors associated with a history of suicide attempt. In addition, an elastic net regularization was used to build a risk calculator to identify students at risk for attempted suicide.ResultsA total of 4,840 participants were included in the study. Prevalence of suicide attempts in the sample was 8.94%. Risk factors associated with past suicide attempt in the multi‐predictor Poisson regression were as follows: female gender (P < 0.001); homosexuality (P < 0.001); low income (P = 0.026); bullying by university peers (P = 0.006); childhood (P = 0.001) or adult (P = 0.001) trauma; family history of suicide (P = 0.005); suicidal ideation within the last month (P < 0.001); daily tobacco use (P = 0.037); and being at severe risk for alcohol abuse (P = 0.023). Our elastic net model performed well with an AUC of 0.83.ConclusionsThis study identifies a number of key factors associated with a history of suicide attempts among medical students. Future longitudinal studies should assess the causal relationship between these factors and suicide attempts. Additionally, these results demonstrate that current available data on suicide attempts among medical students can be used to develop an accurate risk algorithm.
The potent psychomotor, rewarding and reinforcing properties of 3‐fluoromethamphetamine in rodents
Authors: Ryu In Soo , Yoon Seong Shoon , Choi Mee Jung , Lee Young Eun , Kim Ji Sun , Kim Woo Hyun , Cheong Jae Hoon , Kim Hee Jin , Jang Choon‐Gon , Lee Yong Sup , Steffensen Scott C. , Ka Minhan , Woo Dong Ho , Jang Eun Young , Seo Joung‐Wook 
Published: December 2019

Abstract3‐fluoromethamphetamine (3‐FMA), a derivative of methamphetamine (METH), produces behavioral impairment and deficits in dopaminergic transmission in the striatum of mice. The abuse potential of 3‐FMA has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3‐FMA on locomotor activity as well as its rewarding and reinforcing properties in the conditioned place preference (CPP) and self‐administration procedures. Intravenous (i.v.) administration of 3‐FMA (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) significantly increased locomotor activity in a dose‐dependent manner in rats. In the CPP procedure, intraperitoneal administration of 3‐FMA (10 and 30 mg/kg) produced a significant alteration in place preference in mice. In the self‐administration paradigms, 3‐FMA showed drug‐taking behavior at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg/infusion (i.v.) during 2 hr sessions under fixed ratio schedules and high breakpoints at the dose of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg/infusion (i.v.) during 6 hr sessions under progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement in rats. A priming injection of 3‐FMA (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.), METH (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.), or cocaine (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) reinstated 3‐FMA‐seeking behavior after an extinction period in 3‐FMA‐trained rats during 2 hr session. Taken together, these findings demonstrate robust psychomotor, rewarding and reinforcing properties of 3‐FMA, which may underlie its potential for compulsive use in humans.
Chaperone co‐inducer BGP‐15 mitigates early contractile dysfunction of the soleus muscle in a rat ICU model
Authors: Cacciani Nicola , Salah Heba , Li Meishan , Akkad Hazem , Backeus Anders , Hedstrom Yvette , Jena Bhanu P. , Bergquist Jonas , Larsson Lars 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimCritical illness myopathy (CIM) represents a common consequence of modern intensive care, negatively impacting patient health and significantly increasing health care costs; however, there is no treatment available apart from symptomatic and supportive interventions. The chaperone co‐inducer BGP‐15 has previously been shown to have a positive effect on the diaphragm in rats exposed to the intensive care unit (ICU) condition. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of BGP‐15 on a limb muscle (soleus muscle) in response to the ICU condition.MethodsSprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to the ICU condition for 5, 8 and 10 days and compared with untreated sham‐operated controls.ResultsBGP‐15 significantly improved soleus muscle fibre force after 5 days exposure to the ICU condition. This improvement was associated with the protection of myosin from post‐translational myosin modifications, improved mitochondrial structure/biogenesis and reduced the expression of MuRF1 and Fbxo31 E3 ligases. At longer durations (8 and 10 days), BGP‐15 had no protective effect when the hallmark of CIM had become manifest, that is, preferential loss of myosin. Unrelated to the effects on skeletal muscle, BGP‐15 had a strong positive effect on survival compared with untreated animals.ConclusionsBGP‐15 treatment improved soleus muscle fibre and motor protein function after 5 days exposure to the ICU condition, but not at longer durations (8 and 10 days) when the preferential loss of myosin was manifest. Thus, long‐term CIM interventions targeting limb muscle fibre/myosin force generation capacity need to consider both the post‐translational modifications and the loss of myosin.
Unconscious Bias Interventions for Business: An Initial Test of WAGES‐Business (Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation) and Google's “re:Work” Trainings
Authors: McCormick‐Huhn Kaitlin , Kim Lizbeth M. , Shields Stephanie A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTraining employees about unconscious bias is gaining importance for employers, yet most trainings have not been evaluated and, to our knowledge, no theory‐grounded interventions for business exist. We developed such an intervention for business, WAGES‐Business. In Studies 1 and 2a, undergraduates (N = 216; N = 246) were randomly assigned to WAGES‐Business, Google's “re:Work” training, or a control. Study 2a participants, contacted 7–14 days later for Study 2b (N = 126), responded to bias relevant and irrelevant vignettes. Across studies, participants in Google's training and WAGES‐Business demonstrated greater acknowledgment and concern about unconscious bias relative to a control. Participants in WAGES‐Business reported greater concern than participants in Google's training. WAGES‐Business participants also had relatively greater knowledge of workplace gender equity issues postintervention, and demonstrated selectively greater recognition of bias and willingness to confront bias, relative to control, after 7–14 days. Both interventions yielded greater willingness to discuss and confront bias relative to control when interventions involved actively practicing these behaviors. Results suggest the importance of active practice and concern about bias, but not bias acknowledgment, for confronting intentions. Overall, findings underscore the need for intervention evaluation, suggest a distinction between bias acknowledgment and concern, and suggest WAGES‐Business may be more promising for intervention than Google's training.
Crystalline amino acids supplementation improves the performance and carcass traits in late‐finishing gilts fed low‐protein diets
Authors: Ma Wenfeng , Mao Pei , Guo Liang , Qiao Shiyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of amino acids (AA) supplementation in low‐crude protein (CP) diets on the growth performance and carcass characteristics in late‐finishing gilts. Ninety gilts (93.8 ± 5.5 kg) were randomly allotted to one of the five diets which consisted of a normal‐CP (137 g/kg) or four low‐CP (105 g/kg) diets for 28 days. The low‐CP diets were supplemented with lysine + threonine + methionine (LCM), LCM + tryptophan (LCT), LCT + valine (LCV) or LCV + isoleucine (LCI), respectively. Non‐significant difference in average daily gain (ADG) was obtained in gilts receiving the control and LCV diet, which was higher than that of gilts fed the LCM diet (p < .05). The additions of crystalline AA in the low‐CP diet resulted in the improvements in ADG (linear and quadratic effect, p < .05) and fat‐free lean gain (quadratic effect, p < .05) and influenced the valine concentration (linear and quadratic effect, p < .05) and proportion of saturated fatty acid (linear effect, p < .05) in longissimus muscle. The results indicated that the valine supplementation could further improve the performance in 94 to 118 kg gilts fed the 105 g/kg CP diet.
Physical activity among children and young people with intellectual disabilities in special schools: Teacher and learning support assistant perceptions
Authors: Pierce Samuel , Maher Anthony J. 
Published: December 2019

Accessible summary

We talked to teachers and learning support assistants about physical activity opportunities in school for children and young people with intellectual disabilities.

Schools require a lot of space to support physical activity.

Schools need specialist equipment to help children and young people to be physically active.

It is better for children and young people to do physical activities that are suited to them.

AbstractBackgroundDespite well‐established benefits of engaging in regular physical activity, children and young people with intellectual disabilities are significantly less active than their age peers.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with two teachers of PE and two learning support assistants working in special schools in order to provide an insight into the physical activity tendencies of children and young people (CYP) with intellectual disabilities.ResultsAccess to and use of outdoor spaces was claimed to have a positive impact on the physical activity tendencies of CYP with intellectual disabilities. However, the schools we visited had limited indoor space, which impacted negatively on the duration and frequency of physical activity that CYP were able to engage in, particularly when space had to be shared because of timetabling issues and unfavourable weather. When it came to the “type” of physical activities, individual, self‐initiated and self‐regulated were favoured.ConclusionsWe end by suggesting that the onus is on teachers and learning support assistants to think of creative ways of using limited indoor space. The use of dining and assembly halls may be one solution. So, too, may be more individualised physical activities because they are often better suited to the needs and capabilities of CYP, and can often be performed in limited space.
Caregivers' experiences with the new family‐centred paediatric physiotherapy programme COPCA: A qualitative study
Authors: Akhbari Ziegler Schirin , Mitteregger Elena , Hadders‐Algra Mijna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundCaregivers' experiences during early intervention of their infant with special needs have consequences for their participation in the intervention. Hence, it is vital to understand caregivers' view. This study explored caregivers' experiences with the family‐centred early intervention programme “COPing with and CAring for infants with special needs” (COPCA).MethodsThe data of this qualitative study were collected after 6 months of COPCA intervention in 15 families with an infant with special needs. COPCA was delivered by paediatric physiotherapists in training to become COPCA coaches. Caregivers filled out a study‐specific questionnaire with three open‐ended questions addressing (a) their overall experience with COPCA, (b) what aspects of COPCA they had experienced as important, and (c) what they had learned during the intervention process. The answers were analysed using a content analyses approach.ResultsRespondents were mothers. Interrater reliability of the content analyses of the three questions was twice excellent (κ = .95 and κ = .92) and once good (κ = .77). The content analysis of the first question resulted in four categories and three subcategories, for example, evaluation of COPCA as a form of intervention and benefit from COPCA. The content analyses of the second question resulted in eight categories, for example, home‐based intervention, support from the therapist, and the attainment of competences. The content analyses of the third question generated seven categories and four subcategories, for example, to support the infant autonomously at home and to recognize the competences of the infant, caregiver confidence, and relationship with the infant.ConclusionsThe participating mothers appreciated the COPCA early intervention programme. They especially valued its home‐based setting, the support from the coach, and the experience being able to participate as active partners in the intervention make their own decisions. This means that the mothers valued the family‐centred, ecological, and relationship‐based elements of early intervention that currently are recommended.
Farming the Great Sage Plain: Experimental Agroarchaeology and the Basketmaker III Soil Record
Authors: Fadem Cynthia M. , Diederichs Shanna R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article draws together data from two of Crow Canyon Archaeological Center's recent research projects and combines these data in new ways to elucidate the relationship between Mesa Verde region soil development and non‐irrigation farming practices. The Pueblo Farming Project (PFP) seeks to preserve traditional farming knowledge and educate the public concerning traditional farming and the place of corn in Pueblo cultures. The Basketmaker Communities Project (BCP) focuses on understanding the Basketmaker III Period and the development of Early Pueblo communities. Pedologic data from each of Crow Canyon's experimental gardens, a mature piñon–juniper forest, and four Basketmaker sites reveal patterns of soil development. The Mesa Verde Loess‐based soils become indurated with use and must be remediated, fallowed, or abandoned, with implications for site choice and residence time. Induration and productivity appear to vary inversely over time, with impacts due to management, vegetation, exposure, and use‐life. Understanding the interplay of climate, cultural practice, and pedogenesis is, therefore, key to deciphering this geocultural record and pursuing agricultural sustainability in this region. We present a framework for unifying these lines of investigation and to facilitate moving future studies forward together.
Cover Image, Volume 22, Issue 1
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Seo Seongho , Kim Keunyoung , Lee Myung Jun , Shin Myung Jun , Suh Sunghwan , Im Hyung‐Jun , Park Jung‐Jun , Kim Seong‐Jang , Kim In Joo 
Published: December 2019

The cover image is based on the Original Article Striatal Dopamine Transporter Changes after Glucose Loading in Humans by Kyoungjune Pak, Sunghwan Suh, Jung‐Jun Park et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13872.
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Efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in East/Southeast Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Liu Jie , Patel Shrita , Cater Nilo B. , Wu Larry , Huyck Susan , Terra Steven G. , Hickman Anne , Darekar Amanda , Pong Annpey , Gantz Ira 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAimPost‐hoc analysis of the efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin in East/Southeast (E/SE) Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsEfficacy evaluations used data from randomized, double‐blind, phase 3 studies: a pool of two 26‐week placebo‐controlled studies and one 52‐week active‐comparator (glimepiride) study. Least squares mean change from baseline was calculated for HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Safety evaluation included overall and prespecified adverse events based on pooled data (broad pool) from seven phase 3 studies (including studies in the efficacy analysis).ResultsAmong 161 E/SE Asian patients in the placebo pool (ertugliflozin, n = 106), ertugliflozin reduced HbA1c, FPG, BW and SBP from baseline at week 26. The placebo‐adjusted changes from baseline for ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg were: HbA1c, −0.9% and −1.0%; BW, −2.1 and −1.9 kg; and SBP, –3.3 and −3.5 mmHg, respectively. Among 174 E/SE Asian patients in the active‐comparator study (ertugliflozin, n = 118), HbA1c changes from baseline at week 52 were −0.6%, −0.6% and −0.7% for ertugliflozin 5 mg, 15 mg and glimepiride, respectively. Ertugliflozin 5 and 15 mg reduced BW from baseline by −4.3 and −4.1 kg, respectively, and SBP by −7.4 and −9.3 mmHg, respectively, compared with glimepiride. Safety findings were generally consistent with overall ertugliflozin safety data published to date.ConclusionsTreatment with ertugliflozin was associated with reductions in HbA1c, FPG, BW and SBP, and was generally well tolerated in E/SE Asian patients with T2DM. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01986855, NCT01999218, NCT01958671, NCT02099110, NCT02036515, NCT02033889, NCT02226003.
Mismatched outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services: testing the responses of crop pollinators and wild bee biodiversity to habitat enhancement
Authors: Nicholson Charlie C. , Ward Kimiora L. , Williams Neal M. , Isaacs Rufus , Mason Keith S. , Wilson Julianna K. , Brokaw Julia , Gut Larry J. , Rothwell Nikki L. , Wood Thomas J. , Rao Sujaya , Hoffman George D. , Gibbs Jason , Thorp Robbin W. , Ricketts Taylor H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSupporting ecosystem services and conserving biodiversity may be compatible goals, but there is concern that service‐focused interventions mostly benefit a few common species. We use a spatially replicated, multiyear experiment in four agricultural settings to test if enhancing habitat adjacent to crops increases wild bee diversity and abundance on and off crops. We found that enhanced field edges harbored more taxonomically and functionally abundant, diverse, and compositionally different bee communities compared to control edges. Enhancements did not increase the abundance or diversity of bees visiting crops, indicating that the supply of pollination services was unchanged following enhancement. We find that actions to promote crop pollination improve multiple dimensions of biodiversity, underscoring their conservation value, but these benefits may not be spilling over to crops. More work is needed to identify the conditions that promote effective co‐management of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Positive emotions despite substantial burden: The alchemy of haemophilia caregiving
Authors: Schwartz Carolyn E. , Stark Roland B. , Stucky Brian D. , Michael Wesley , Rapkin Bruce D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionQualitative interviews when developing the haemophilia caregiver impact measure© (HCI) documented the importance of capturing the positive aspects of caregiving, not just the negative.AimThe present study thus investigates the construct underlying the positive emotions HCI subscale and tests models proposing a more comprehensive way of thinking about this construct.MethodsSecondary analysis was implemented on longitudinal web‐based survey data (n = 323) from haemophilia A or haemophilia B caregivers. Person‐reported outcomes (PROs) included the HCI, the PROMIS‐10 and Ryff psychological well‐being subscales. Predictors included caregiver demographics; patient haemophilia characteristics; exercise; adherence; and quality‐of‐life (QOL) appraisal processes as measured by the brief appraisal inventory (BAI) which yields composite scores assessing awareness of challenges, fulfillment and growth, stay positive, social comparison and interpersonal problem‐solving. Second‐order factor analysis, structural equation modelling and residual modelling were implemented.ResultsA structural equation model fit the data well that contained bifactor representation of well‐being with a general factor comprised of environmental mastery, positive relations with others, physical functioning and emotional functioning. Positive emotions was modelled as a component of well‐being, with a unique component (‘Alchemy’) characterized by its associations with stay positive, and awareness of challenges appraisals, and difficulty paying bills. Alchemy had positive linear relationships with the first two, and a positive quadratic relationship with difficulty paying bills.ConclusionsAdopting positive‐focused ways of thinking about one's life limitations may transform the negatives of haemophilia caregiving into something positive. Such cognitive habits reflect an awareness and acceptance of the limitations imposed by haemophilia caregiving.
Collective bargaining in Portugal in the aftermath of the crisis: trends and prospects
Authors: Távora Isabel 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThis article examines the decline of collective bargaining in Portugal during the recent economic crisis and why, following significant improvements in the economic and political contexts, the number of collective agreements published each year remains lower than before. Drawing on theoretical work on institutional change by Streeck and Thelen (2005) and Baccaro and Howell (2017), it argues that industrial relations institutions in Portugal have been subject to an incremental but transformative process of liberalisation. The analysis of national data and in‐depth interviews with key informants reveals that serial legal amendments since the 1990's weakened unions, converted bargaining into a mechanism to introduce flexibility and wage austerity and reduced incentives for the parties to conclude agreements. While these changes were gradual, their consequences became clear during the crisis. By improving understanding of recent developments in Portuguese collective bargaining, the article enriches knowledge of processes of liberalisation of industrial relations in Europe.
Multifunctional optical thermometry based on the stark sublevels of Er3+ in CaO‐Y2O3: Yb3+/Er3+
Authors: Xiang Guotao , Liu Xiaotong , Liu Wen , Wang Bin , Liu Zhen , Jiang Sha , Zhou Xianju , Li Li , Jin Ye , Zhang Jiahua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA conventional high temperature solid state method was utilized to prepare CaO‐Y2O3, which is a potential candidate for manufacturing crucible material to melt titanium and titanium alloys with low cost. Meanwhile, Yb3+ ions and Er3+ ions were selected as the sensitizers and activators respectively to dope into CaO‐Y2O3, aimed at providing real‐time optical thermometry during the preparation process of titanium alloys realized using fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technology. The results reveal that a high measurement precision can be acquired by using the Stark sublevels of Er3+ 4F9/2 to measure the temperature with a maximum absolute error of only about 3 K. In addition, by analyzing the dependence of 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition on pump power of 980 nm excitation wavelength, it was found that the laser‐induced thermal effect has almost no influence on the temperature measurement conducted by using the FIR of the Stark sublevels of Er3+ 4I13/2, which means that a high excitation pump power can be used to obtain strong NIR emission and good signal‐to‐noise ratio for optical thermometry without the influence of the laser‐induced thermal effect. All the results reveal that CaO‐Y2O3: Yb3+/Er3+ is an excellent temperature sensing material with high measurement precision.