bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VWCE&nbsp;Serves as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and is Associated With Immune Infiltrates in Breast Cancer
Authors: Huo Qin , Li Zhenwei , Xie Ni 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Von Willebrand Factor C and EGF Domains (VWCE) is an important gene that regulates cell adhesion, migration, and interaction. However, the correlation between VWCE expression and immune inﬁltrating in breast cancer remain unclear. In the study, we investigated the correlation between VWCE expression and immune infiltration levels in breast cancer.Methods: VWCE expression was analyzed by the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) and DriverDB database. Furthermore, genes co-expressed with VWCE and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis were investigated by the STRING and Enrichr web servers. Also, we performed the single nucleotide variation (SNV), copy number variation (CNV), and pathway activity analysis by GSCALite. Subsequently, the relationship between VWCE expression and tumor immunity was analyzed by TIMER and TISIDB database, and further verified the results using immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that the expression of VWCE mRNA in breast cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in normal tissue. We found that the expression level of VWCE was associated with subtypes, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) status of patients with breast cancer, while no significant expression difference of VWCE mRNA was found in age and nodal status. Further analyses indicated that VWCE was correlated with the activation or inhibition of multiple oncogenic pathways. Additionally, VWCE expression showed negatively correlated with the expression of STAT1 (Th1 marker, r = -0.12, p = 6e-05), but positively correlated with the expression of MS4A4A (r = 0.28, p = 0). These results suggested that the expression of VWCE was significantly correlates the immune infiltration levels of Th1 and M2 macrophage in breast cancer. Conclusions: The high expression of VWCE indicates a better prognosis and associated with immune infiltration in breast cancer. These findings demonstrate that VWCE is a potential prognostic biomarker correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, and maybe a promising therapeutic target in breast cancer.
PD-L1 expression in anogenital and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas associated with different clinicopathological features, HPV status and prognosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Ying , Qin Yuan , Luan Jiaochen , Zhou Xiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundLittle research has been done on clinicopathological characteristics and human papillomavirus (HPV) status of anogenital and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with a strong expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumor cells. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive research in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to September 30th, 2019. The effect size was hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), disease free survival (DFS). The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95%CI were used to assess the association between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features along with HPV status.ResultsA total of 2003 cases (944 anogenital and 1059 oropharynx SCC patients) were included. High PD-L1 expression in anogenital SCC cases were associated with advanced age (OR=1.63, 95%CI:1.04-2.58) and HPV negativity (OR=0.47,95%CI:0.31-0.71). Besides, PD-L1 positive anogenital SCC cases held a significant declined OS (HR=2.18, 95%CI:1.37-3.47) and CSS (HR=2.45, 95%CI:1.30-4.65). For oropharynx SCC, PD-L1 was more frequent in younger and HPV positive patients (OR=0.60, 95%CI:0.37-0.98; OR=3.01, 95%CI:1.78-5.09) and PD-L1 expression was relevant to better OS and DFS (HR=0.76, 95%CI:0.60-0.97; HR=0.50, 95%CI:0.33-0.75).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis demonstrated that in anogenital SCC, PD-L1 positivity had to do with a worse outcome, which might attribute to advanced age, higher tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and HPV negativity, while in oropharynx cancer, PD-L1expression was related to better prognosis for the reason that PD-L1 was less frequent in the aged and negative HPV status.
MicroRNA-1252-5p, regulated by Myb, inhibits invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells by targeting NEDD9&nbsp;
Authors: Xue Yuzheng , Wu Tielong , Sheng Yingyue , zhong Yao , Hu Benshun , Bao Chuanqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to be involved in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer (PAC). The expression level and role of miR-1252-5p in PAC remain unclear. Methods: qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization were used to detect miR-1252-5p expression in PAC cells and tissues. Associations between miR-1252-5p expression and clinical characteristics or overall survival (OS) were assessed based on 102 patients with PAC who underwent surgical resection. Gain and loss of function of miR-1252-5p was studied in the PAC cell lines, Panc-1 and BxPC 3 in vitro and in vivo. The direct targets of miR-1252-5p were analyzed using public databases and a dual-luciferase reporter assay.Results: The expression levels of miR-1252-5p are downregulated in PAC cell lines and tissue samples compared to control, and its expression is negatively associated with adverse clinical features and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that miR-1252-5p overexpression inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of PAC cells, whereas miR-1252-5p knockdown enhances these biological behaviors. In addition, miR-1252-5p negatively regulates neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) by directly binding its 3'-UTR. NEDD9 restoration at least partially abolishes this effect of miR-1252-5p in PAC cells. Further mechanistic study revealed that the SRC/STAT3 pathway is involved in miR-1252-5p/NEDD9 mediation of biological behaviors in PAC. We also verified that Myb inhibited miR-1252-5p by directly binding at its promoter.Conclusion: MiR-1252-5p may act as a tumor-suppressing miRNA in PAC and may be a potential therapeutic target for PAC patients.
Identification of Gene-specific DNA&nbsp;Methylation Signature Between the Crohn’s Disease and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lin Daopo , Zhu Haoqi , Ma Guolong , Shao Xiaoxiao , Jiang Yi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Crohn’s disease (CD) is a dynamic, chronic inflammatory condition that is closely related to an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying pathophysiology remains still unclear. The present study was planned to explore the gene-specific DNA methylation signature between the CD and CRC and, therefore, to discover potential biomarkers during the initiation and progression of CRC. Methods: DNA methylation data of CD were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, while the microarray data of CRC were collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were screened between diseases group and normal controls. Using the coexisted DMGs in CD and CRCs, we further performed a series of functional enrichment analyses. Then correlation analysis for DNA methylation and mRNA expression was conducted. Next, we analyzed another two independent data sets from GEO to confirm the expression levels of the hub genes between CD and CRC.Results: Totally 4301 DMGs were screened from CD samples compared with healthy control samples, while 2076 DMGs were discovered between CRC tissues and the control specimens. 180 DMGs coexisted in CD and CRC, including 72 comethylated genes. Hypermethylation genes were mostly involved in cAMP signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. Hypomethylation genes were related to pathways as tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analysis for DNA methylation and mRNA expression data showed that 31 gene methylation status was negatively correlated with their mRNA expression. Moreover, two genes were found to associate with the initiation and progression of CD and CRC. Conclusions: Our results suggested that ISX and SULF1 gene were discovered to be related to the occurrence and development of CD and CRC, and SULF1 may function as a signature for prognosis for CD-related CRC.
Important differences in cardiovascular autonomic control of hypertensive middle-aged women and men – a critical appraisal
Authors: Philbois Stella Vieira , Facioli Tábata Paula , Gastaldi Ada Clarice , Rodrigues Jhennyfer Aline Lima , Fares Thauane Hanna , Rodrigues Karine Pereira , Souza Hugo Celso Dutra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNormotensive women before menopause showed a vagal predominance of cardiac autonomic modulation, while age-matched men showed a sympathetic modulation predominance. However, some women develop systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) even with preserved ovarian function. Our hypothesis is that these women may have cardiovascular autonomic parameters like those of hypertensive men, even when subjected to pharmacological treatment. We aim to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic modulation balance and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in hypertensive women with preserved ovarian function and age-matched men.MethodsOne hundred volunteers between 18 and 45 years of age, were assigned to two groups of fifty: Hypertensive group, with a SAH history for at least 6 months (25 men and 25 women) treated with monotherapy (losartan, 25-50mg/kg) and normotensive group (25 men and 25 women). Anthropometric, hemodynamic, metabolic, and autonomic cardiovascular assessments were performed focusing: BRS, autonomic modulation of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV).ResultsThe results showed that HRV analysis, women showed higher values ​​of HF oscillations in absolute and normalized units, and lower values ​​of LF in normalized units and LF/HF ratio compared to men. When normotensive and hypertensive groups were compared, hypertensive groups showed lower values ​​of total variance, LF and HF bands in absolute units. There were similar in BPV. However, hypertensive groups showed lower BRS values when compared to normotensive group.ConclusionThe results indicate that hypertensive groups even with blood pressure controlled through pharmacological treatment, continued to have reduced HRV than normotensive, and hypertensive women have minor cardiovascular autonomic impairment than men.
Growth of D614G Virus : Morgan – Morgan – Finney&nbsp;( MMF ) Regression&nbsp;
Authors: DATTA JAYDIP 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In our earlier work [ 1 , ] a correlation was established between Infection fatality rate ( IFR ) vs age of the patient by logistic or sigmoid regression model . The regression model shows a more probable IFR with a sigmoid rise after 46 yrs and becoming most significant after 70 yrs and above . In the present study the frequency of infected patient by ‘ G ‘ type of mutants of SARS-COV-2 with time from Jan ,2020 to June ,2020 for 6.5 months duration of experimental study . The best fit analysis is compared to Morgan – Morgan – Finney ( MMF ) model ( 3,4 ) statistics and Polynomial regression model . Both the above model correlates a significant result with Pearson coefficient ( r ) , Probability ( p-value ) .
Agricultural subsidies and global greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Vos Rob , Laborde David , Martin William J. , Pineiro Valeria , Mamun Abdullah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Agricultural production is both strongly affected by climate change and a major contributor to climate change, with agriculture and land use change accounting for around a quarter of total global emissions of greenhouse gases. Agricultural production benefits from substantial government support, costing around US$600 billion per year worldwide. These subsidies clearly affect greenhouse gas emissions by influencing the composition and location of output, and production practices, but no rigorous quantification of these impacts have been available to date. This article fills this void. Overall, we find small impacts of agricultural support programs on output and hence on emissions. Abolishing support altogether thus would do little to reduce global emissions from agriculture. In fact, paradoxically, it could even increase emissions. A repurposing of support towards incentives for more resource-efficient and climate-smart forms of production needs to be considered if this support is to contribute to climate change mitigation, adaptation and food security.
Comparing weight method and float method for pressurised metered dose inhaler as dose counting method.
Authors: Gunasekaran Gobi Hariyanayagam , Arif Syazwan Faiz b. Kamal Al , Gunasekaran Shargunan Selvanthan , Gunasekaran Sera Selvanthan Sundram 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pressurised metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) are not equipped with dose counters, so estimating the actuation remaining is difficult. We compared weight method and float method in estimating the actuation remaining in discarded pMDIs.METHODOLOGY Used non-metered pMDIs were collected from Pharmacy department Hospital Seri Manjung from June to Dec 2018. Each of the returned canister was evaluated using float and weight method to predict the balance actuation in the canister. For the float test, the canister was placed in a container of water. Based on its position in the water, the pMDI was categorised as 1=empty, 2=¼ full, 3=½ full, 4=¾ full, or 5=full. For the weight method, canisters were weighed, and actuation remaining were calculated using a linear regression equation where the general equation is: Actuation remaining = Constant + β*pMDI weight, and further categorised as above. The percentage of empty pMDIs between the two methods were compared.RESULTS A total of 4517 pMDIs were returned to the pharmacy, of which 2131 (47%) were salbutamol, 1149 (25%) budesonide, 685 (15%) ipratropium/fenoterol, 340 (8%) innovator fluticasone, 182 (4%) generic fluticasone, and 30 (1%) beclomethasone. Overall, the float method classified 75% pMDIs as empty, compared to 71% by the weight method. The percentage of empty salbutamol, generic fluticasone, and beclomethasone pMDIs were similar between both methods. A higher percentage of budesonide pMDIs were classified as empty by the float method compared to the weight method (62% vs 37%). For ipratropium/fenoterol pMDIs, the float method did not identify any empty canisters, but 82% were classified as empty by the weight method. CONCLUSION This study produced a prediction equation that can be used to estimate remaining actuation in a pMDI based on its weight. There were differences in the identification of empty pMDIs between the float test and the weight method, which varied by drug. The weight method may be a convenience method to be used to measure actuation remaining in pMDIs returned to the pharmacy, as well as patients’ adherence to pMDIs.
Comparison of renal replacement therapy and renal recovery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic- A single centre observational study
Authors: Ryan Rececca , Taylor Isabel , Laing Chris , Singer Mervyn , MacCallum Niall , Arulkumaran Nish 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To compare differences in indications, management, complications and outcomes of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in COVID-19 patients compared to non-COVID critically ill patients.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational single centre cohort study in UK. Patients with COVID-19 requiring RRT, compared to consecutive, non-COVID-19 ICU patients requiring RRTResults: Of 154 COVID-19 patients, 47 (30.5%) received continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVHF), all of whom required mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support. The requirement for RRT was related to fluid balance rather than azotaemia. Compared to 36 non-COVID-19 patients, those with COVID-19 were younger with a lower serum creatinine on hospital admission, and lesser degrees of metabolic acidosis and lactataemia before initiation of RRT. In addition, the rate of haemofilter circuit clotting was higher and duration of RRT requirement was longer. However, despite lower CVVHF exchange rates with higher serum creatinine levels following RRT initiation in the COVID-19 patients, metabolic abnormalities were corrected. Hospital mortality was 60% among COVID-19 patients requiring RRT, compared to 67% in non-COVID patients (p=0.508), and renal recovery among survivors was similar.Conclusion: The metabolic phenotype in COVID-19 patients requiring RRT differs from non-COVID-19 patients, although outcomes (mortality and renal recovery) are similar.
Endodontic management of maxillary first molar with two palatal canals
Authors: Charu Thanvi  , Deepak Raisingani  , Ashwani B. Prasaad  , Saloni Gattani  
Published: October 2020

Having a thorough knowledge about the internal anatomy of a tooth and its possible variations is an important aspect for the success of a root canal therapy. Variations in the number of roots, root canals and configurations affect the treatment outcome. Moreover, missed canals make up for the highest chances of failure of endodontic therapy(1).

A maxillary first molar shows lot of variations in the anatomy. Although finding MB2 canal has now become a routine procedure, but variations in the palatal canal is still aberrant which concerns the clinicians. With the advancements in radiographic procedures, it has now become an easy task to look for aberrations in tooth anatomy. One such advancement is the Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) which acts as the third eye for clinicians. It helps in accurate diagnosis and in negotiating the complex morphologic variations in root canals(2).

This case report presents the endodontic management of a maxillary first molar presenting with five canals with two palatal canals confirmed with the aid of Cone Beam Computed Tomography.
The Evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation using Pro-Taper Universal, ProTaper Gold and Reciproc Blue system: An in-vitro comparative Study
Authors: Chandra Padma , Prasad Rajesh , Mishra Surendra Kumar , Chandra Jagdish 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Aims & Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris with four nickel-titanium instruments i.e ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Reciproc Blue system, Hand K file System. Methods: Eighty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 20). The canals were instrumented using 1 of the following instruments: ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Reciproc Blue system, Hand K file System. Apically extruded debris during instrumentation was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The weight of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the weight of the empty tubes from that of the tubes containing the debris. The data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc bonferroni test at a significance level of P < .05. Results: All the instrumentation systems resulted in production of extruded debris. The amount of extruded debris was significantly more in Hand K file than PTU, PTG and Reciproc Blue (P<0.05). The PTU system was associated with significantly more extruded debris than the PTG(P=0.041), Reciproc Blue systems (P=`0.011), whereas no significant difference was found in the amount of the debris extruded between PTG and Reciproc Blue (P=0.271). The amount of extruded debris was least in Reciproc Blue in comparison to all used system. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the amount of apically extruded debris registered for the different files tested was highest for hand file, Protaper Universal, followed by the ProTaper Gold and least in Reciproc Blue.
Zonation of flood prone areas by an integrated framework of a hydrodynamic model and ANN
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar , Soni Ashish , Kumar Satish , Pasupuleti Srinivas , Govind Vasanta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Limited flood zoning regulations and lack of flood control response units in developing countries make flood problems more severe. This study presents a new framework for categorizing a floodplain into critical risk zones by considering hydraulic and topographical aspects related to flood zoning. The framework was developed by integrating output of the MIKE Hydro River Model with an artificial neural network (ANN) technique which was explored in the lower part of Damodar river basin (Jharkhand, India). A total of nine flood causing factors were selected in three layers of ANN architecture which were optimized by a grid search technique. A confusion matrix was employed to check the unevenness and disproportionality in datasets from which were calculated F1 score values for low (0.815), moderate (0.731), high (0.818) and critical (0.64) zones with best overall accuracy of 75.06%. The results were presented in a GIS environment which shows the model correctly predicted 16, 38, 54 and 24 sites under critical, high risk, moderate risk and low risk zones respectively. Elevation and distance from the river were the most sensitive parameters. Further, this study contributes towards flood susceptibility mapping thereby supporting hydrologists in the course of action and decisions for combating floods in watersheds.
ANÁLISE ATUAL DAS TRAJETÓRIAS OCUPACIONAIS DE TRABALHADORES INFORMAIS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL EM BELÉM DO PARÁ (2018)
Authors: Trindade José Raimundo Barreto , De Souza Carla Caroline Barisão 
Published: October 2020

A análise das trajetórias ocupacionais de trabalhadores informais constitui uma tarefa fundamental para compreensão das alterações pelas quais o Brasil passa, inclusive considerando a nova realidade que emerge desde as profundas alterações legais, econômicas e sociais ocorridas nos últimos três anos. Os trabalhadores aqui enfocados fazem parte do contingente de força de trabalho informalmente empregada na construção civil, segmento importante da economia brasileira e local. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018 em que foram entrevistados 03 (três) trabalhadores homens em suas residências, que aceitaram participar da pesquisa, conforme termo de esclarecimento, assinado por ambas as partes, pesquisador e entrevistado. A questão central que norteou a pesquisa foi: quem são como vivem e o que pensam os trabalhadores informais da construção civil da periferia de Belém? Com base nas entrevistas foi possível estabelecer alguns parâmetros de análise: i) os entrevistados são unânimes em afirmar que as condições de trabalho nas empresas, ou seja, quando os mesmos estiveram empregados formalmente, são muito precárias e não apresentam “vantagens” ao emprego informal, exceto quanto aos aspectos de intermediação e, em alguns casos, a garantia do pagamento do INSS; ii) não há, pelo menos a partir da história de vida dos entrevistados, barreiras técnicas entre a construção civil formal e informal, o que nos remete a duas ordens de questões: primeiro, a baixa tecnicidade da construção civil brasileira ou pelo menos paraense e; segundo, a formação e qualificação dos trabalhadores se dá em grande medida pelo processo de autoaprendizagem; iii) o grau de intensidade no trabalho constitui o ponto central da diferenciação entre um “regime formal ou quase formal” e o “regime informal de trabalho”, porém em ambos os casos as jornadas são superiores as 40 horas semanais tomadas como padrão médio e legal ainda vigente no país.