bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential toxic effects of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and valproate on liver tissue
Authors: Mekky Gehad , Seeds Michael , Diab Abd E.‐A. A. , Shehata Ahmed M. , Ahmed‐Farid Omar A.‐H. , Alzebdeh Dalia , Bishop Colin , Atala Anthony 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe liver is the main organ responsible for drug and xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification in the body. There are many antiepileptic drugs and nanoparticles that have been reported to cause serious untoward biological responses and hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential toxic effect of aspartic acid‐coated magnesium oxide nanoparticles (Mg nano) and valproate (valp) using an in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) human liver organoid model and an in vivo pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced convulsion model in rats. Here, 3D human liver organoids were treated with valp or valp + Mg nano for 24 h and then incubated with PTZ for an extra 24 h. As the in vivo model, rats were treated with valp, Mg nano, or valp + Mg nano for 4 weeks and then they were treated with PTZ for 24 h. Toxicity in the liver organoids was demonstrated by reduced cell viability, decreased ATP, and increased reactive oxygen species. In the rat convulsion model, results revealed elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Both the in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated the potential toxic effects of valp + Mg nano on the liver tissues.
Standardized Order Set Exhibits Surgeon Adherence to Pain Protocol in Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Studer Abbey , Billings Kathleen , Thompson Dana , Ida Jonathan , Rastatter Jeff , Patel Manisha , Huetteman Patricia , Hoeman Erin , Duggan Sarah , Mudahar Sukhraj , Birmingham Patrick , King Michael , Lavin Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo produce a sustained reduction in opioid prescriptions in patients <5 years of age undergoing T&A through utilization of standardized algorithms and electronic health record (EHR) automation tools.Study DesignProspective quality improvement initiative.MethodsPlan‐do‐study‐act (PDSA) methodology was used to design an age‐based postoperative pain regimen in which children <5 years of age received a non‐opioid pain regimen, and option to prescribe oxycodone for additional pain relief was given for children >5 years of age. Standardized discharge instructions and automated, age‐specific order sets were created to facilitate adherence. Rate of discharge opioid prescription was monitored and balanced against post‐discharge opioid prescriptions and returns to the emergency department (ED).ResultsIn children <5 years of age undergoing T&A, reduction in opioid prescription rates from 65.9% to 30.9% after initial implementation of the order set was noted. Ultimately, reduction of opioid prescribing rates to 3.7% of patients was noted after pain‐regimen consensus and EHR order set implementation. Opioid prescriptions in patients >5 years of age decreased from 90.6% to 58.1% initially, and then down 35.9% by the last time point analyzed. Requests for outpatient opioid prescriptions did not increase. There was no significant change in returns to the emergency ED for pain management, or in the number opioids prescribed when patients returned to the ED.ConclusionsIterative cycles of improvement utilizing standardized pain management algorithms and EHR tools were effective means of producing a sustained reduction in opioid prescriptions in postoperative T&A patients. Such findings suggest a framework for similar interventions in other pediatric otolaryngology settings.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2337–E2343, 2021
Catalyst‐Free Four‐Component Polymerization of Propiolic Acids, Benzylamines, Organoboronic Acids, and Formaldehyde toward Functional Poly(propargylamine)s
Authors: Wu Xiuying , Li Weizhang , Hu Rongrong , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMulticomponent polymerizations (MCPs) are a group of fascinating polymer synthesis approaches that are developed rapidly in the recent decade. As a popular alkyne‐based MCP, the A3‐polycouplings of alkynes, aldehydes, and amines are developed for the synthesis of poly(propargylamine)s under the catalysis of metal catalysts. In this work, through the design of carboxylic acid group‐activated alkyne monomers, a catalyst‐free, four‐component polymerization of propiolic acids, benzylamines, organoboronic acids, and formaldehyde is reported under mild condition at 45 °C in dichloroethane. This four‐component polymerization is applicable to different monomer structures, which can afford seven poly(propargylamine)s with up to 94% yields and molecular weights of up to 13 900 g mol−1. Moreover, the poly(propargylamine)s demonstrate good solubility and processibility, high thermal stability and light refractivity, unique photophysical property, and so on. The simple monomers, mild condition, low cost, high efficiency, and procedure simplicity of this catalyst‐free four‐component polymerization demonstrates an elegant example of functional polymer synthesis.
Conducting polymers in wearable devices
Authors: Mokhtar Siti Musliha Ajmal , Alvarez de Eulate Eva , Yamada Miko , Prow Tarl W. , Evans Drew R. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe biocompatibility of conducting polymer has seen remarkable advancement in numerous biomedical applications. The tuneable electrical property expressed by doping and de‐doping of the polymer has contributed to electrical controlled film in terms of volume and conductivity. Also, higher sensitivity specially for ionic molecules brings forward new prospective in bio/sensing. Meanwhile, wearable devices for healthcare monitoring are becoming more prominent due to remote, real‐time and continuous monitoring. The flexible and stretchable property of organic electronic, in this paper represented by conducting polymer, as compared to rigid, conventional conductor unleashes high potential of conducting polymer as platform for wearable sensing device. In this review, properties of conducting polymers adopted in wearable devices focusing on on‐skin sensing are elaborated. The contribution of conducting polymers in various sensing targets, mainly categorized by chemical, tactile and electrophysiological is discussed, followed by types of the wearable sensors. Overall, our aim was to lay broader understanding of incorporation of the polymer within wearable sensing devices.
How many offshore wind turbines does New England need?
Authors: Livingston Hannah G. , Lundquist Julie K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe proliferation of countries and regions with 100% clean or renewable energy targets necessitates an analysis to determine the number of generating units and storage needed to meet real‐time electricity demand on the electric grid. The coastal areas of New England have the capacity to produce a large percentage of the region's energy needs with offshore wind turbines. Here we model offshore wind turbine power production data using MERRA‐2 reanalysis and lidar wind speed data sets. We compare this power production to the New England hourly grid demand over the course of one year. 2,000 10 MW offshore wind turbines could satisfy New England's grid demand for about 37% of the year. When combined with 55 GWh of storage, 2,000 turbines could satisfy grid demand for about 72% of the year.
Understanding theoretical orientation and consequences of board interlock: Integration and future directions
Authors: Yoon Nara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBoard interlock represents a phenomenon where organizations are connected via overlapping board members and executives. Board interlock is an important area of research in governance study because of its potential to impact governance outcomes through the flow of information, resources, and status. Despite its potential significance, the role of board interlock in governance has not been explicitly discussed in the nonprofit board governance literature. I review and synthesize corporate and nonprofit board governance literature and link this literature to the study of board interlock. Then, I review the extant literature on the antecedents and consequences of board interlock. I conclude by identifying gaps in the literature and proposing directions for future research.
Transition from hospital to home after elective colorectal surgery performed in an enhanced recovery program: An integrative review
Authors: Ruel Marie‐Christine , Ramirez Garcia Maria‐Pilar , Arbour Caroline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the transition from hospital to home after elective colorectal surgery performed in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programme.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsA search of ten electronic databases was conducted. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. Data analysis and synthesis were based on Meleis’ Transitions Theory (2010).ResultsForty‐two articles were included, and most (N = 27) were of good or very good quality. The researchers identified five categories to document the nature of transition postsurgery, three conditions affecting such transition, eleven indicators informing about the quality of the transition and several nursing interventions. Overall, this review revealed that the transition from hospital to home after ERAS colorectal surgery is complex. A holistic understanding of this phenomenon may help nurses to recognize what they need to do to optimize the in‐home recovery of this clientele.
Bone marrow necrosis in pediatric malignancies: 10‐Year retrospective review and review of literature
Authors: Lozano‐Chinga Michell , Draper Lauren , George Tracy I. , Agarwal Archana M. , Dansie David M. , Maese Luke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBone marrow necrosis (BMN) is a rare pathologic finding, but when encountered is most often associated with malignancy. In adults, its presence correlates with an inferior prognosis, however in children the prognostic implication is unclear. We performed a retrospective review of 3,760 bone marrow specimens in patients ≤18 years over a 10‐year period. BMN was identified in less than 1% of specimens and only in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or neuroblastoma. BMN contributed to a delay in diagnosis; however, advanced medical imaging may serve as a tool to localize nonnecrotic areas for bone marrow sampling, facilitating an expedited diagnosis.
Quantitative inspiratory–expiratory chest CT to evaluate pulmonary involvement in pediatric hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation patients
Authors: Pennati Francesca , Walkup Laura L. , Chhabra Anuj , Towe Christopher , Myers Kasiani , Aliverti Andrea , Woods Jason C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPulmonary complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation (HSCT) are a significant source of morbidity and complications may arise from a myriad of infectious and noninfectious sources. These complications may occur soon or many months post‐transplantation and can have a broad range of outcomes. Surveillance for pulmonary involvement in the pediatric HSCT population can be challenging due to poor compliance with clinical pulmonary function testing, primarily spirometry, and there may be a role for clinical imaging to provide an additional means of monitoring, particularly in the era of clinical low‐dose computed tomography (CT) protocols. In this single‐site, retrospective study, a review of our institution's radiological and HSCT databases was conducted to assess the utility of a quantitative CT algorithm to describe ventilation abnormalities on high‐resolution chest CT scans of pediatric HSCT patients. Thirteen non‐contrast enhanced chest CT examinations acquired both in inspiration and expiration, from 12 deceased HSCT patients (median age at HSCT 10.4 years, median days of CT 162) were selected for the analysis. Also, seven age‐matched healthy controls (median age 15.5) with non‐contrast‐enhanced inspiration–expiration chest CT were selected for comparison. We report that, compared to healthy age‐matched controls, HSCT patients had larger percentages of poorly ventilated (median, 13.5% vs. 2.3%, p < .001) and air trapped (median 12.3% vs. 0%, p < .001) regions of lung tissue, suggesting its utility as a potential screening tool. Furthermore, there was wide variation within individual HSCT patients, supporting the use of multivolume CT and quantitative analysis to describe and phenotype post‐transplantation lung involvement.
Adherence to the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics palivizumab prophylaxis recommendations
Authors: Sierra Caroline M. , Park Alice , Eum Eunsi , Garcia Giselle , Lopez Mireya , Daniel Shawnée N. , Bahjri Khaled , Parbuoni Kristine A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to describe adherence rates to the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Disease guidance document recommending which patients should receive palivizumab for prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).MethodsA retrospective, single‐center analysis of patients who received at least one dose of palivizumab between October 1, 2012, and March 1, 2017 was conducted. Data collected included demographics, medical history, palivizumab administration regimens, and incidence of RSV infection.ResultsData were collected on 457 patients who received palivizumab over five RSV seasons. Approximately half of the patients (45% and 55%, respectively) received palivizumab according to the AAP recommendations in place at the time (2012 or 2014 recommendations, respectively). One percent of patients had a breakthrough RSV infection after receiving at least one dose of palivizumab. There was no significant difference in the number of breakthrough infections before and after the 2014 recommendations were released (3 vs. 2).ConclusionsApproximately half of the patients received prophylaxis in accordance with the 2014 AAP recommendations and infrequently suffered from a breakthrough RSV infection.
Sjögren's syndrome with nodular pulmonary amyloidosis
Authors: Wu Chang‐Wei , Chien Ying‐Chun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report a case of Sjögren's syndrome with nodular pulmonary amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by aggregation of autologous protein and its extracellular deposition as fibrils. Most cases of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis are the result of an underlying disorder such as mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis, or multiple myeloma. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis with Sjögren's syndrome is very rare. The clinical outcome of patients with nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is good if the underlying disease can be controlled.
Average treatment effect of robotic versus laparoscopic rectal surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Solaini Leonardo , Perna Federico , Cavaliere Davide , Vaccaro Carla , Avanzolini Andrea , Cucchetti Alessandro , Coratti Andrea , Ercolani Giorgio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to estimate what would have happened if all patients treated with laparoscopy for rectal cancer had instead been treated with the robotic technique.METHODSTo estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of the robotic technique over the laparoscopic approach, data from patients treated at two centres between 2007 and 2018 were used to obtain counterfactual outcomes using an inverse probability weighting (IPW) adjustment.RESULTSThis study enrolled 261 patients, of which 177 and 84 patients had undergone robotic surgery and standard laparoscopy, respectively. After IPW adjustment, the difference between the groups was similar in the pseudo‐population. The average conversion rate would fall by an estimated 6.1% if all procedures had been robotic (p = 0.045). All other post‐operative variables showed no differences regardless of the approach.CONCLUSIONATE estimation suggests that robotic rectal cancer surgery could be associated with a lower conversion rate. The approach did not affect the post‐operative morbidity rates or the operative time.
Low Temperature Adsorption Desulfurization Performance and Mechanism of CeFe/ZSM‐5 for H2S and SO2 Mixture
Authors: Wang Chenyang , Xuan Jianyu , Zhang Lin , Liu Zongjian , Cui Qun , Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract3Ce5Fe/ZSM‐5 adsorbent for simultaneously removal of H2S and SO2 mixture gas was prepared by wet impregnation method. The dynamic removal performance of H2S and SO2 mixture was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. The simultaneous adsorption removal mechanism of 3Ce5Fe/ZSM‐5 before and after Ce addition for H2S and SO2 mixture gas was discussed. Results show that the breakthrough sulfur capacity of 3Ce5Fe/ZSM‐5 is 211.4 mg S/g ads under temperature of 36 °C, space velocity of 500 h−1, the vapor content of 4 vol. % and oxygen sulfur ratio of 1, which is 14.5 % higher than that of 5Fe/ZSM‐5 (184.6 mg S/g ads). The sulfur species on 3Ce5Fe/ZSM‐5‐E exist in forms of S (43.5 %) and SO42− (56.5 %), and the sulfur selectivity is 18.4 % higher than that of 5Fe/ZSM‐5. The addition of Ce can improve the dispersibility and redox performance of Fe3+, resulting in the valence state of Fe3+ stable and increasing the selectivity of sulfur. Moreover, the addition of Ce can significantly improve low‐temperature removal activity of 3Ce5Fe/ZSM‐5 for H2S and SO2 mixture gas.
The Adsorption of Ozone on the Solid Catalyst Surface and the Catalytic Reaction Mechanism for Organic Components
Authors: Luo Xuan , Su Tongming , Xie Xinling , Qin Zuzeng , Ji Hongbing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOzone is a strong gas oxidant and is often considered as an important source of atomic oxygen. It can not only sterilize but also decompose most organic components in water. In organic reactions, it can be used for carbon‐carbon double bond oxidation. Because ozone is unstable and easy to decompose, the oxidations usually need to be carried out in the presence of low temperature or catalysts to improve the ozone utilization. The adsorption mechanisms of ozone on the surface of solid catalysts are different due to the characteristics of the ozone molecule and the different reaction conditions. In this paper, the adsorption and reaction mechanisms of ozone on solid catalyst surface are reviewed: Firstly, the ozone has weak alkalinity similar to that of CO, but the distribution of electrons in the ozone molecule exists the difference. The difference in electron distribution makes ozone to be a dipole. The central oxygen atom can accept electrons as the Lewis acid, while the terminal oxygens are electron donors to be the Lewis base. Secondly, the functional groups, which have Lewis acid and base sites, such as hydroxyl groups, can be adsorbed with the central or terminal oxygen of ozone to form a surface complex. Last, the solvents also have a critical effect on the adsorption of ozone and subsequent oxidation. According to the above mechanisms, the design and preparation of ozonation catalysts are also proposed to improve the ozonation selectivity.
Privacy preserving classification over differentially private data
Authors: Zorarpacı Ezgi , Özel Selma Ayşe 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrivacy preserving data classification is an important research area in data mining field. The goal of a privacy preserving classification algorithm is to protect the sensitive information as much as possible, while providing satisfactory classification accuracy. Differential privacy is a strong privacy guarantee that enables privacy of sensitive data stored in a database by determining the ratio of sensitive information leakage with respect to an ɛ parameter. In this study, our aim is to investigate the classification performance of the state‐of‐the‐art classification algorithms such as C4.5, Naïve Bayes, One Rule, Bayesian Networks, PART, Ripper, K*, IBk, and Random tree for performing privacy preserving classification. To preserve privacy of the data to be classified, we applied input perturbation technique coming from differential privacy, and observed the relationship between the ɛ parameter values and accuracy of the classifiers. To our best knowledge, this article is the first study that analyzes the performances of the well‐known classification algorithms over differentially private data, and discovers which datasets are more suitable for privacy preserving classification when input perturbation is applied to provide data privacy. The classification algorithms are compared by using the differentially private versions of the well‐known datasets from the UCI repository. According to the experimental results, we observed that, as ɛ parameter value increases, better classification accuracies are achieved with lower privacy levels. When the classifiers are compared, Naïve Bayes classifier is the most successful method. The ɛ parameter should be greater than or equal to 2 (i.e., ɛ ≥2) to achieve cloud server is malicious and untrusted, sensitive data will satisfactory classification accuracies.This article is categorized under:
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Security and Privacy
Technologies > Classification
Media in the Lives of Contemporary Families
Authors: Stašová Leona 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe chapter on media in family life highlights the aspects of lifestyle of contemporary families in the context of the saturation of households with modern means of communication, their usage and attitudes towards them. Considerable attention was paid to the issue of family-related media in current research, as evidenced by a wide range of studies and research surveys. This chapter is devoted to several partial aspects of this attention and is based on the data of two surveys. The first research is the European representative survey Eurobarometer 88 (Eurobarometer 2017), and the other one is our research on the Lifestyle of the Contemporary Family (further LSCF, 2012–2015). These data shows an extension of selected media facilities in families, their usage and media leisure time activities and attitudes towards media. The studied countries are in some respects very similar to each other (relatively strong media saturation of households, most common daily use of television and computers, positive perception of media as a way to facilitate communication and negotiation). In other respects (joint media activities, strength of perception of negative aspects of media, usage of media by parents and by children), the countries differ.
Introduction: A Multilevel Perspective on Family Policy
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Rense , Van Lancker Wim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter introduces a multilevel perspective on family policy, ranging from family policies at the levels ofsupra-national(and inter-national) organizations such as the United Nations, OECD, and the European Union;nationalor federal policies and legislation; thesubnationalmunicipalities, states, or regions in which people live; and finally theorganizationsor in which people work. At each of these levels of governance, family policies are formulated, voted for, implemented, and carried out—or not. And it is this whole set of multi-level policies that ultimately affect families’ and individuals’ choices, opportunities, constraints, and capability in terms of work, care, and wellbeing. This handbook brings together research on each of these four levels, is sensitive to heterogeneous policy impacts, and brings together scholars from different academic communities.