bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Springtime Export of Arctic Sea Ice Influences Phytoplankton Production in the Greenland Sea
Authors: Mayot N. , Matrai P. A. , Arjona A. , Bélanger S. , Marchese C. , Jaegler T. , Ardyna M. , Steele M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate model projections suggest a substantial decrease of sea ice export into the outflow areas of the Arctic Ocean over the 21st century. Fram Strait, located in the Greenland Sea sector, is the principal gateway for ice export from the Arctic Ocean. The consequences of lower sea ice flux through Fram Strait on ocean dynamics and primary production in the Greenland Sea remain unknown. By using the most recent 16 years (2003–2018) of satellite imagery available and hydrographic in situ observations, the role of exported Arctic sea ice on water column stratification and phytoplankton production in the Greenland Sea is evaluated. Years with high Arctic sea ice flux through Fram Strait resulted in high sea ice concentration in the Greenland Sea, stronger water column stratification, and an earlier spring phytoplankton bloom associated with high primary production levels. Similarly, years with low Fram Strait ice flux were associated with a weak water column stratification and a delayed phytoplankton spring bloom. This work emphasizes that sea ice and phytoplankton production in subarctic “outflow seas” can be strongly influenced by changes occurring in the Arctic Ocean.
Lithospheric Contraction on Mars: A 3D Model of the Amenthes Thrust Fault System
Authors: Herrero‐Gil A. , Ruiz J. , Romeo I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAmenthes Rupes is the topographic expression of a main fault belonging to a thrust fault system located parallel to the martian dichotomy boundary. A 3D forward model has been applied to the Amenthes thrust fault system, constraining fault geometries at depth, variations of slip along strike, and structural parameters controlling the formation of fault propagation folds. Our results provide a complex 3D view of the tectonic framework of the area, with implications for tectonic evolution, regional shortening distribution, and the main mechanical discontinuities in the lithosphere. The modeled fault surfaces show planar morphologies combined with listric geometries at depth. The obtained depths of faulting for the major faults of this fault system suggest a depth of the brittle‐ductile transition (at the time of formation) of 20–24 km, somewhat shallower than previous estimates for this area. A possible mechanical discontinuity located at 9.5–13 km deep can be deduced from the faulting depths of the secondary faults. The listric geometries at depth imply that slip is transmitted from the decollement, which, together with the inclusion in the model of secondary and subsidiary faults, allow us to estimate the horizontal shortening recorded in this area ranging from 2–3 km up to ~5.5 km in the southeastern part of the fault system. This range increases the previous shortening estimates in this area between ~60% and ~200%. Consequently, global shortening estimates based on global fault maps are biased by the detail of mapping, and shortening would substantially increase if secondary faults were included.
Strategies for Determining Electron Yield Material Parameters for Spacecraft Charge Modeling
Authors: Lundgreen Phil , Dennison J. R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccurate modeling of spacecraft charging is essential to mitigate well‐known and all‐too‐common deleterious and costly effects on spacecraft resulting from charging induced by interactions with the space plasma environment. This paper addresses how limited availability of electron emission and transport properties of spacecraft materials—in particular, secondary electron yields—and the wide ranges measured for such properties pose a critical issue for modeling spacecraft charging. It describes a materials charging database for electron emission properties under development, which facilitates more accurate spacecraft charge modeling when used in concert with the strategies outlined herein. These data and techniques provide tools for more accurate material selection, increased confidence in charge models, and a concomitant decrease in mission risk. They also allow better customization of models in response to prolonged space environment exposure and specific mission requirements, which may evolve materials properties.
Comprehensive diagnostics of acute myeloid leukemia by whole transcriptome RNA sequencing
Authors: Arindrarto Wibowo , Borràs Daniel M. , de Groen Ruben A. L. , van den Berg Redmar R. , Locher Irene J. , van Diessen Saskia A. M. E. , van der Holst Rosalie , van der Meijden Edith D. , Honders M. Willy , de Leeuw Rick H. , Verlaat Wina , Jedema Inge , Kroes Wilma G. M. , Knijnenburg Jeroen , van Wezel Tom , Vermaat Joost S. P. , Valk Peter J. M. , Janssen Bart , de Knijff Peter , van Bergen Cornelis A. M. , van den Akker Erik B. , Hoen Peter A. C. ’t , Kiełbasa Szymon M. , Laros Jeroen F. J. , Griffioen Marieke , Veelken Hendrik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is caused by genetic aberrations that also govern the prognosis of patients and guide risk-adapted and targeted therapy. Genetic aberrations in AML are structurally diverse and currently detected by different diagnostic assays. This study sought to establish whole transcriptome RNA sequencing as single, comprehensive, and flexible platform for AML diagnostics. We developed HAMLET (Human AML Expedited Transcriptomics) as bioinformatics pipeline for simultaneous detection of fusion genes, small variants, tandem duplications, and gene expression with all information assembled in an annotated, user-friendly output file. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed on 100 AML cases and HAMLET results were validated by reference assays and targeted resequencing. The data showed that HAMLET accurately detected all fusion genes and overexpression ofEVI1irrespective of 3q26 aberrations. In addition, small variants in 13 genes that are often mutated in AML were called with 99.2% sensitivity and 100% specificity, and tandem duplications inFLT3andKMT2Awere detected by a novel algorithm based on soft-clipped reads with 100% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity. In conclusion, HAMLET has the potential to provide accurate comprehensive diagnostic information relevant for AML classification, risk assessment and targeted therapy on a single technology platform.
European LeukemiaNet 2020 recommendations for treating chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hochhaus A. , Baccarani M. , Silver R. T. , Schiffer C. , Apperley J. F. , Cervantes F. , Clark R. E. , Cortes J. E. , Deininger M. W. , Guilhot F. , Hjorth-Hansen H. , Hughes T. P. , Janssen J. J. W. M. , Kantarjian H. M. , Kim D. W. , Larson R. A. , Lipton J. H. , Mahon F. X. , Mayer J. , Nicolini F. , Niederwieser D. , Pane F. , Radich J. P. , Rea D. , Richter J. , Rosti G. , Rousselot P. , Saglio G. , Saußele S. , Soverini S. , Steegmann J. L. , Turkina A. , Zaritskey A. , Hehlmann R. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has profoundly changed over the past 7 years. Most patients with chronic phase (CP) now have a normal life expectancy. Another goal is achieving a stable deep molecular response (DMR) and discontinuing medication for treatment-free remission (TFR). The European LeukemiaNet convened an expert panel to critically evaluate and update the evidence to achieve these goals since its previous recommendations. First-line treatment is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI; imatinib brand or generic, dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib are available first-line). Generic imatinib is the cost-effective initial treatment in CP. Various contraindications and side-effects of all TKIs should be considered. Patient risk status at diagnosis should be assessed with the new EUTOS long-term survival (ELTS)-score. Monitoring of response should be done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction whenever possible. A change of treatment is recommended when intolerance cannot be ameliorated or when molecular milestones are not reached. Greater than 10% BCR-ABL1 at 3 months indicates treatment failure when confirmed. Allogeneic transplantation continues to be a therapeutic option particularly for advanced phase CML. TKI treatment should be withheld during pregnancy. Treatment discontinuation may be considered in patients with durable DMR with the goal of achieving TFR.
Ultrafast and broadband photodetectors based on a perovskite/organic bulk heterojunction for large-dynamic-range imaging
Authors: Li Chenglong , Wang Hailu , Wang Fang , Li Tengfei , Xu Mengjian , Wang Hao , Wang Zhen , Zhan Xiaowei , Hu Weida , Shen Liang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOrganic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) photodetectors that simultaneously achieve an ultrafast response and high sensitivity in the near-infrared (NIR) region are prerequisites for expanding current monitoring, imaging, and optical communication capbilities. Herein, we demonstrate photodetectors constructed by OIHP and an organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) consisting of a low-bandgap nonfullerene and polymer, which achieve broadband response spectra up to 1 μm with a highest external quantum efficiency of approximately 54% at 850 nm, an ultrafast response speed of 5.6 ns and a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 191 dB. High sensitivity, ultrafast speed and a large LDR are preeminent prerequisites for the practical application of photodetectors. Encouragingly, due to the high-dynamic-range imaging capacity, high-quality visible-NIR actual imaging is achieved by employing the OIHP photodetectors. We believe that state-of-the-art OIHP photodetectors can accelerate the translation of solution-processed photodetector applications from the laboratory to the imaging market.
Imaging-genetics of sex differences in ASD: distinct effects of OXTR variants on brain connectivity
Authors: Hernandez Leanna M. , Lawrence Katherine E. , Padgaonkar N. Tanya , Inada Marisa , Hoekstra Jackson N. , Lowe Jennifer K. , Eilbott Jeffrey , Jack Allison , Aylward Elizabeth , Gaab Nadine , Van Horn John D. , Bernier Raphael A. , McPartland James C. , Webb Sara J. , Pelphrey Kevin A. , Green Shulamite A. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Dapretto Mirella ,   On behalf of the GENDAAR Consortium
Published: March 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is more prevalent in males than in females, but the neurobiological mechanisms that give rise to this sex-bias are poorly understood. The female protective hypothesis suggests that the manifestation of ASD in females requires higher cumulative genetic and environmental risk relative to males. Here, we test this hypothesis by assessing the additive impact of several ASD-associated OXTR variants on reward network resting-state functional connectivity in males and females with and without ASD, and explore how genotype, sex, and diagnosis relate to heterogeneity in neuroendophenotypes. Females with ASD who carried a greater number of ASD-associated risk alleles in the OXTR gene showed greater functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc; hub of the reward network) and subcortical brain areas important for motor learning. Relative to males with ASD, females with ASD and higher OXTR risk-allele-dosage showed increased connectivity between the NAcc, subcortical regions, and prefrontal brain areas involved in mentalizing. This increased connectivity between NAcc and prefrontal cortex mirrored the relationship between genetic risk and brain connectivity observed in neurotypical males showing that, under increased OXTR genetic risk load, females with ASD and neurotypical males displayed increased connectivity between reward-related brain regions and prefrontal cortex. These results indicate that females with ASD differentially modulate the effects of increased genetic risk on brain connectivity relative to males with ASD, providing new insights into the neurobiological mechanisms through which the female protective effect may manifest.
The neurochemical substrates of habitual and goal-directed control
Authors: Voon Valerie , Joutsa Juho , Majuri Joonas , Baek Kwangyeol , Nord Camilla L. , Arponen Eveliina , Forsback Sarita , Kaasinen Valtteri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur daily decisions are governed by the arbitration between goal-directed and habitual strategies. However, the neurochemical basis of this arbitration is unclear. We assessed the contribution of dopaminergic, serotonergic, and opioidergic systems to this balance across reward and loss domains. Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 15 patients with pathological gambling, and 7 with binge eating disorder) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]FDOPA, [11C]MADAM and [11C]carfentanil to assess presynaptic dopamine, and serotonin transporter and mu-opioid receptor binding potential. Separately, participants completed a modified two-step task, which quantifies the degree to which decision-making is influenced by goal-directed or habitual strategies. All participants completed a version with reward outcomes; healthy controls additionally completed a version with loss outcomes. In the context of rewarding outcomes, we found that greater serotonin transporter binding potential in prefrontal regions was associated with habitual control, while greater serotonin transporter binding potential in the putamen was marginally associated with goal-directed control; however, the findings were no longer significant when controlling for the opposing valence (loss). In blocks with loss outcomes, we found that the opioidergic system, specifically greater [11C]carfentanil binding potential, was positively associated with goal-directed control and negatively associated with habit-directed control. Our findings illuminate the complex neurochemical basis of goal-directed and habitual behavior, implicating differential roles for prefrontal and subcortical serotonin in decision-making across healthy and pathological populations.
Variants of GRM7 as risk factor and response to antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia
Authors: Liang Wei , Yu Hao , Su Yi , Lu Tianlan , Yan Hao , Yue Weihua , Zhang Dai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association study (GWAS) has determined the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (GRM7) gene as potential locus for schizophrenia risk variants; However, the relationship between the GRM7 variants and the risk of schizophrenia is still uncertain, and there are significant individual variations in response to the antipsychotic drugs. In order to identify susceptible gene and drug-response-related markers, 2413 subjects in our research were chosen for determining drug-response-related markers in schizophrenia. The rs1516569 variant (OR = 0.95, P < 3.47 × 10−4) was a significant risk factor, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism of GRM7 gene- rs9883258 (OR = 0.84, P = 2.18 × 10−3) has been determined as potential biomarkers for therapeutic responses of seven commonly used antipsychotic drugs (aripiprazole, haloperidol, olanzapine, perphenazine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone) in Chinese Han population; Significant associations with treatment response for several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in every antipsychotic drugs, such as rs779746 (OR = 1.39, P = 0.03), rs480409 (OR = 0.73, P = 0.04), rs78137319 (OR = 3.09, P = 0.04), rs1154370 (OR = 1.51, P = 0.006) have been identified in our study. Hence our research elucidates that GRM7 variants play the critical role of predicting the risk of schizophrenia and antipsychotic effect of seven common drugs.
Serum free light chain level at diagnosis in myeloma cast nephropathy—a multicentre study
Authors: Yadav Punit , Sathick Insara Jaffer , Leung Nelson , Brown Elizabeth E. , Cook Mark , Sanders Paul W. , Cockwell Paul 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMyeloma cast nephropathy (MCN) is a common cause of severe renal impairment in multiple myeloma (MM). The level of free light chain (FLC) that causes MCN varies substantially and there is uncertainty about the threshold level that should be used to inform clinical practice. In a multicentre cohort study of 103 patients with a diagnosis of MM and biopsy-confirmed MCN made between 2002–2014, we report prospectively measured levels of serum FLC at diagnosis obtained using a single nephelometric assay (Freelite®) and we explore the relationship between serum FLC level at diagnosis with renal outcome and patient survival. Using a landmark approach, overall survival (OS) was compared between patients who achieved independence from dialysis compared to those who remained dialysis dependent at 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month time points. The median serum FLC level at diagnosis was 7531 mg/L (range 107–114600). Serum creatinine was 535 μmol/L (range 168–2993) and eGFR 7 ml/min/1.73 m2 (range 1–34). Six patients (5.8%) had an FLC level <1500 mg/L, which is the International Myeloma Working Group threshold for MCN and two patients were below the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy working group threshold of 500 mg/L; one was hypercalcaemic, and one had high-normal serum calcium level and had received a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Sixty-nine (67%) patients required haemodialysis treatment of whom 36 (52.1%) recovered independent renal function. Sixty-six (64%) patients died with a median OS of 2.5 years (95% CI 1.8–3.3). A landmark analysis revealed that independence from dialysis was associated with improved survival at 3-months (P = 0.003), 6-months (P = 0.035) and 9-months (P = 0.014); there was no survival benefit observed beyond 12 months (P = 0.146). Serum FLC level at diagnosis was neither associated with renal function recovery nor with OS. This is the largest reported cohort of patients with biopsy-confirmed MCN and prospectively measured serum FLC levels. These results indicate that a serum monoclonal FLC > 500 mg/L should be considered the threshold level associated with the development of MCN.
Kea show three signatures of domain-general statistical inference
Authors: Bastos Amalia P. M. , Taylor Alex H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOne key aspect of domain-general thought is the ability to integrate information across different cognitive domains. Here, we tested whether kea (Nestor notabilis) can use relative quantities when predicting sampling outcomes, and then integrate both physical information about the presence of a barrier, and social information about the biased sampling of an experimenter, into their predictions. Our results show that kea exhibit three signatures of statistical inference, and therefore can integrate knowledge across different cognitive domains to flexibly adjust their predictions of sampling events. This result provides evidence that true statistical inference is found outside of the great apes, and that aspects of domain-general thinking can convergently evolve in brains with a highly different structure from primates. This has important implications not only for our understanding of how intelligence evolves, but also for research focused on how to create artificial domain-general thought processes.
Juvenile cleaner fish can socially learn the consequences of cheating
Authors: Truskanov Noa , Emery Yasmin , Bshary Redouan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSocial learning is often proposed as an important driver of the evolution of human cooperation. In this view, cooperation in other species might be restricted because it mostly relies on individually learned or innate behaviours. Here, we show that juvenile cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) can learn socially about cheating consequences in an experimental paradigm that mimics cleaners’ cooperative interactions with client fish. Juvenile cleaners that had observed adults interacting with model clients learned to (1) behave more cooperatively after observing clients fleeing in response to cheating; (2) prefer clients that were tolerant to cheating; but (3) did not copy adults’ arbitrary feeding preferences. These results confirm that social learning can play an active role in the development of cooperative strategies in a non-human animal. They further show that negative responses to cheating can potentially shape the reputation of cheated individuals, influencing cooperation dynamics in interaction networks.
Graph embedding and unsupervised learning predict genomic sub-compartments from HiC chromatin interaction data
Authors: Ashoor Haitham , Chen Xiaowen , Rosikiewicz Wojciech , Wang Jiahui , Cheng Albert , Wang Ping , Ruan Yijun , Li Sheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChromatin interaction studies can reveal how the genome is organized into spatially confined sub-compartments in the nucleus. However, accurately identifying sub-compartments from chromatin interaction data remains a challenge in computational biology. Here, we present Sub-Compartment Identifier (SCI), an algorithm that uses graph embedding followed by unsupervised learning to predict sub-compartments using Hi-C chromatin interaction data. We find that the network topological centrality and clustering performance of SCI sub-compartment predictions are superior to those of hidden Markov model (HMM) sub-compartment predictions. Moreover, using orthogonal Chromatin Interaction Analysis by in-situ Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) data, we confirmed that SCI sub-compartment prediction outperforms HMM. We show that SCI-predicted sub-compartments have distinct epigenetic marks, transcriptional activities, and transcription factor enrichment. Moreover, we present a deep neural network to predict sub-compartments using epigenome, replication timing, and sequence data. Our neural network predicts more accurate sub-compartment predictions when SCI-determined sub-compartments are used as labels for training.
Four European Salmonella Typhimurium datasets collected to develop WGS-based source attribution methods
Authors: Munck Nanna , Leekitcharoenphon Pimlapas , Litrup Eva , Kaas Rolf , Meinen Anika , Guillier Laurent , Tang Yue , Malorny Burkhard , Palma Federica , Borowiak Maria , Gourmelon Michèle , Simon Sandra , Banerji Sangeeta , Petrovska Liljana , Dallman Timothy J. , Hald Tine 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZoonotic Salmonella causes millions of human salmonellosis infections worldwide each year. Information about the source of the bacteria guides risk managers on control and preventive strategies. Source attribution is the effort to quantify the number of sporadic human cases of a specific illness to specific sources and animal reservoirs. Source attribution methods for Salmonella have so far been based on traditional wet-lab typing methods. With the change to whole genome sequencing there is a need to develop new methods for source attribution based on sequencing data. Four European datasets collected in Denmark (DK), Germany (DE), the United Kingdom (UK) and France (FR) are presented in this descriptor. The datasets contain sequenced samples of Salmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variants isolated from human, food, animal and the environment. The objective of the datasets was either to attribute the human salmonellosis cases to animal reservoirs or to investigate contamination of the environment by attributing the environmental isolates to different animal reservoirs.