bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of coal mine organic aerosol on the methane/air lower explosive limit
Authors: Valiulin S. V. , Onischuk A. A. , Baklanov A. M. , Bazhina A. A. , Paleev D. Yu. , Zamashchikov V. V. , Korzhavin A. A. , Dubtsov S. N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOrganic aerosol is formed in coal mines due to heat release and evaporation of organics from coal during the longwall operation. This frictional heating occurs when a metallic cutting bit strikes a rock. Thus formed organic aerosol can contribute significantly to the explosivity of methane/air atmosphere in coal mines. In this paper, the flammable limits for the methane–air mixtures with organic aerosol are determined. For this purpose, organic aerosol is synthesizes from the coal-tar pitch in a laboratory evaporation–nucleation flow chamber. Aerosol particles synthesized under laboratory conditions are aggregates consisting of small primary particles with the fractal-like dimension Df = 2.0 ± 0.1, which is close to Df = 2.1 ± 0.1 of coal mine aerosol. It is shown that the flammability of organic aerosol/methane mixture in air is in good agreement with the Le Chatelier additive principle. The lower ignition limit for the pure organic aerosol in air is 44 g/m3.
Heterojunction Incorporating Perovskite and Microporous Metal–Organic Framework Nanocrystals for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Xuesong , Qiu Lele , Fan Ruiqing , Zhang Jian , Hao Sue , Yang Yulin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present a facile approach to enhance the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by incorporating perovskite with microporous indium-based metal–organic framework [In12O(OH)16(H2O)5(btc)6]n (In-BTC) nanocrystals and forming heterojunction light-harvesting layer. The interconnected micropores and terminal oxygen sites of In-BTC allow the preferential crystallization of perovskite inside the regular cavities, endowing the derived films with improved morphology/crystallinity and reduced grain boundaries/defects. Consequently, the In-BTC-modified PSC yields enhanced fill factor of 0.79 and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.87%, surpassing the pristine device (0.76 and 19.52%, respectively). More importantly, over 80% of the original PCE is retained after 12 days of exposure to ambient environment (25 °C and relative humidity of ~ 65%) without encapsulation, while only about 35% is left to the pristine device.
Structure, Performance, and Application of BiFeO3 Nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Nan , Luo Xudong , Han Lu , Zhang Zhiqiang , Zhang Renyun , Olin Håkan , Yang Ya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMultiferroic nanomaterials have attracted great interest due to simultaneous two or more properties such as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, which can promise a broad application in multifunctional, low-power consumption, environmentally friendly devices. Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO) exhibits both (anti)ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties at room temperature. Thus, it has played an increasingly important role in multiferroic system. In this review, we systematically discussed the developments of BFO nanomaterials including morphology, structures, properties, and potential applications in multiferroic devices with novel functions. Even the opportunities and challenges were all analyzed and summarized. We hope this review can act as an updating and encourage more researchers to push on the development of BFO nanomaterials in the future.
Stationary solutions to a nonlocal fourth-order elliptic obstacle problem
Authors: Laurençot Philippe , Walker Christoph 
Published: March 2020

AbstractExistence of stationary solutions to a nonlocal fourth-order elliptic obstacle problem arising from the modelling of microelectromechanical systems with heterogeneous dielectric properties is shown. The underlying variational structure of the model is exploited to construct these solutions as minimizers of a suitably regularized energy, which allows us to weaken considerably the assumptions on the model used in a previous article.
Minding the gap between cortisol levels measured with second-generation assays and current diagnostic thresholds for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: a single-center experience
Authors: Grassi G. , Morelli V. , Ceriotti F. , Polledri E. , Fustinoni S. , D’Agostino S. , Mantovani G. , Chiodini I. , Arosio M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The current cut-offs for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency (AI) have been established using outdated immunoassays. We compared the cortisol concentrations measured with Roche Cortisol I (R1), the newly available Roche Cortisol II (R2), and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the gold standard procedure to measure steroids in patients undergoing the corticotropin (ACTH) test.

Methods
We enrolled 30 patients (age 47 ± 21 years) referred to undergo the ACTH test (1 or 250 μg). Cortisol was measured at 0, 30, and 60 min after stimulation with R1, R2, and LC-MS/MS. AI was diagnosed for R1-stimulated peak cortisol concentrations < 500 nmol/L.

Results
Mean cortisol concentrations measured with R2 and LC-MS/MS were comparable, while mean cortisol concentrations measured by R1 were higher than those of both R2 and LC-MS/MS (respectively, basal 411 ± 177, 287 ± 119, and 295 ± 119 nmol/L; at 30 min, 704 ± 204, 480 ± 132, and 500 ± 132 nmol/L; at 60 min, 737 ± 301, 502 ± 196, and 519 ± 201 nmol/L, p ≤ 0.01 for R1 vs. both R2 and LC-MS/MS at each point). Considering the 500 nmol/L cortisol peak cut-off, AI was diagnosed in 5/30 patients using R1 and in 12/30 using R2 (+ 140%). Based on the correlation between R1 and R2, the threshold of 500 nmol/L became 351 nmol/L (12.7 μg/dL) when cortisol was measured with R2, and 368 nmol/L (13.3 μg/dL) with LC-MS/MS.

Conclusions
The use of more specific cortisol assays results in lower cortisol concentrations. This could lead to misdiagnosis and overtreatment when assessing AI with the ACTH test if a different cut-off for cortisol peak is not adopted.
Model of Load Distribution Between Web Proxy Servers Using Network Traffic Analysis
Authors: Renuka B. S. , Prafulla Shashikiran G. T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProxy servers are installed to give information access services to requested client nodes or units individually. As of now, in the present framework intermediaries are confronting the performance bottleneck that is when numerous clients get to the Internet all the while since such servers have a constrained limit. Web servers often experience and face overload situations due to the extremely bursty nature of traffic caused on the Internet. Our concentration in the work is to propose successful load control instruments for web servers. A significant angle in the load control is to limit the work spent by the proxy server to distribute the load and pass on to the main servers. This research work proposes a technique for load balancing on proxy servers by investigating the load on the network between servers and proxy servers. The research investigation is based on calculating the bits per second movements of packet and sockets with respect to the ports such as HTTP/HTTPS and TCP. This proposed method increases the performance by reducing the load on the proxy servers.
Profiles of narcissism and self‐esteem associated with comprehensive mental health in adolescents
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Huebner E. Scott , Tian Lili 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study firstly aimed to identify different profiles of narcissism and self‐esteem in adolescents using latent profile analysis (LPA). A secondary aim was to examine associations between the identified profiles and subsequent measures of comprehensive mental health.MethodsChinese adolescents (N = 1009, 50.8%girls, Mage = 12.99, SD = 0.66) completed a packet of measures on two occasions at 6‐month intervals. Narcissism and self‐esteem were assessed at Time 1. Positive and negative indicators of mental health were assessed at Time 2.ResultsLatent profile analysis of narcissism and self‐esteem identified six profiles: (1) high narcissism and high self‐esteem; (2) high‐moderate self‐regard; (3) moderate self‐regard; (4) low‐moderate self‐regard; (5) high narcissism but low self‐esteem; (6) low self‐regard. Adolescents in the high narcissism and high self‐esteem and high‐moderate self‐regard profiles displayed positive mental health outcomes whereas adolescents in the high narcissism but low self‐esteem and low self‐regard profiles reported problematic mental health outcomes.ConclusionDiffering profiles of narcissism and self‐esteem in adolescents were identified; these profiles provide new insight into the structure of self‐concept for adolescents. Further, the identified profiles of narcissism and self‐esteem were differentially related to subsequent comprehensive mental health outcomes.
Overriding Plate Velocity Control on Surface Topography in 2‐D Models of Subduction Zones
Authors: Cerpa Nestor G. , Arcay Diane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study the dynamically induced flexural topography in subduction numerical mechanical models. We focus on the topographic changes at the overriding plate (OP) surface induced by variations in OP kinematics, particularly when the subducting plate (SP) has a stationary motion after having reached the rigid base of the upper mantle. Our models consist of two viscoelastic plates with free surfaces and an isoviscous mantle. Friction is imposed along the planar subduction interface. We first characterize the main topographic features at a constant OP velocity, using spatial definitions based on geometrical estimations of the volcanic arc position. The models exhibit the formation of a bulge in the forearc area followed landwards by a depression and a smaller second bulge, both bracketing the arc region. The steady‐state distance to the trench of these features increases with OP velocity. Their amplitude is affected by the far‐field OP tectonic regime that depends on kinematics, and plates and subduction interface strength. We next test the effect of sudden changes in OP velocity. An OP acceleration yields a transient topographic tilt, during which the outer forearc quickly subsides whereas the arc region uplifts, and that is followed by reverse slower motions. An OP slowdown induces opposite motions. The rates of elevation change during the tilt are approximately proportional to velocity variations and mainly sensitive to the SP strength. The rates are higher than 0.1 mm/yr for velocity changes higher than 1 cm/yr. We suggest that topographic accommodations of OP velocity changes should be considered when quantifying nonisostatic topography.
Tide‐Induced Periodic Sea Surface Temperature Drops in the Coral Reef Area of Nanwan Bay, Southern Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Po‐Chun , Lee Hung‐Jen , Zheng Quanan , Lai Jian‐Wu , Su Feng‐Chun , Ho Chung‐Ru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTidal current‐induced cyclonic eddies cause cold‐water upwelling and periodic sea surface temperature (SST) drops around the coral reef area in Nanwan Bay, which is located at the southern tip of Taiwan. This study used Himawari‐8 satellite data and tide gauge and coastal ocean dynamics application radar (CODAR) data to analyze the characteristics of the SST drops and cyclonic eddy propagation and used an oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) to simulate the tidal current flowing process. According to the CODAR data analysis, the mixed primary semidiurnal tide had an average current velocity of 0.3–0.4 m s−1 throughout the bay, and the average life cycle of a cyclonic eddy is 6.6 hr, with a propagation speed of 0.35 m s−1. The SST drop during the spring tide period was greater than that during the neap tide period, and the SST dropped in both summer and winter. The average daily SST drop in the summer reached 2 °C with a maximum observed value of 4.7 °C, and the SST drop rate was 0.3–0.5 °C hr−1. The annual mean chlorophyll‐a concentration was 0.25 mg m−3. This study explored the special properties of the Nanwan Bay coral reef area from the perspective of ocean physics to allow ecologists to facilitate the implementation of long‐term conservation and monitoring programs.
Shallow Seismicity and the Classification of Structures in the Lau Back‐Arc Basin
Authors: Baxter A. T. , Hannington M. D. , Stewart M. S. , Emberley J. M. , Breker K. , Krätschell A. , Petersen S. , Brandl P. A. , Klischies M. , Mensing R. , Anderson M. O. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBack‐arc basins open in response to subduction processes, which cause extension in the upper plate, usually along trench‐parallel spreading axes. However, global seismic databases reveal that the majority of seismic events in the Lau Basin occur along transcurrent (strike‐slip) rather than extensional faults. To better characterize active deformation in this region, we compared centroid moment tensors (CMTs), calculated for large (Mw > 5), shallow (<30 km) seismic events, to the orientations of seafloor lineaments mapped throughout the Lau Basin. Ship‐based multibeam and satellite altimetry were combined with vertical gravity gradient data to create the lineament map. By comparing the possible focal planes of the CMTs to the orientations of the lineaments, the most likely fault plane solutions were selected, thus classifying the faults and establishing the nature of the highly variable stress regimes in the basin. We resolved the strike, dip, and dip direction of 308 faults and classified 258 additional structures by fault type. The analysis highlights a stress regime that is dominated by a combination of left‐lateral and right‐lateral strike‐slip faults, large‐scale transcurrent motion along rigid crustal‐scale fault zones, and nonrigid diffuse deformation along preexisting seafloor structures, with extension mainly limited to the tips of propagating rifts and spreading centers. By resolving many of the uncertain motions on the mapped lineaments of the Lau Basin, the CMT analysis addresses a number of questions concerning basin‐scale stress regimes and microplate development, complementing GPS measurements, and providing a more complete picture of the complexities of back‐arc basin development.
Evolution of photospheric flows under an erupting filament in the quiet-Sun region
Authors: Wollmann Jiří , Švanda Michal , Korda David , Roudier Thierry 
Published: March 2020

Context. We studied the dynamics of the solar atmosphere in the region of a large quiet-Sun filament, which erupted on 21 October 2010. The filament eruption started at its northern end and disappeared from the Hα line-core filtergrams line within a few hours. The very fast motions of the northern leg were recorded in ultraviolet light by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) imager.
Aims. We aim to study a wide range of available datasets describing the dynamics of the solar atmosphere for five days around the filament eruption. This interval covers three days of the filament evolution, one day before the filament growth and one day after the eruption. We search for possible triggers that lead to the eruption of the filament.
Methods. The surface velocity field in the region of the filament were measured by means of time–distance helioseismology and coherent structure tracking. The apparent velocities in the higher atmosphere were estimated by tracking the features in the 30.4 nm AIA observations. To capture the evolution of the magnetic field, we extrapolated the photospheric line-of-sight magnetograms and also computed the decay index of the magnetic field.
Results. We found that photospheric velocity fields showed some peculiarities. Before the filament activation, we observed a temporal increase of the converging flows towards the filament’s spine. In addition, the mean squared velocity increased temporarily before the activation and peaked just before it, followed by a steep decrease. We further see an increase in the average shear of the zonal flow component in the filament’s region, followed by a steep decrease. The photospheric line-of-sight magnetic field shows a persistent increase of induction eastward from the filament spine. The decay index of the magnetic field at heights around 10 Mm shows a value larger than critical one at the connecting point of the northern filament end. The value of the decay index increases monotonically there until the filament activation. Then, it decreased sharply.
Cycling Performance in Short-term Efforts: Laboratory and Field-Based Data in XCO Athletes
Authors: Schneeweiss Patrick , Schellhorn Philipp , Haigis Daniel , Niess Andreas , Martus Peter , Krauss Inga 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMountain bike cross-country Olympic has an intermittent performance profile, underlining the importance of short-term but high cycling power output. Previous findings indicate that power output during sprint tests differs between laboratory and field-based conditions and that cycling cadence rises with increasing workload. The aim was therefore to examine power output and cadence in short-term efforts under laboratory and field conditions. Twenty-three competitive athletes (17.9±3.7 years) performed a laboratory power profile test and a simulated race within one week. Power output and cadence during the power profile test were compared to corresponding short-term efforts during the race over durations of 10–300s (TT10–300). Differences were TT10+8%, TT30+7%, TT60–15% and TT300–12% for power output and+10%,+8%,+19%,+21% for cadence respectively. Compared to the race, we found higher power output during the power profile test for the shorter efforts but lower for TT60 and TT300. Confirming previous results, cadence was higher during the power profile test compared to the respective intervals of the race and increased with increasing workload or shorter time trial duration. Future research should take into account that compared to the field, a higher cadence is used in laboratory settings to produce similar power output.
Associations Between Migration Background and Media and Information Behavior in Primary School Children
Authors: Dauben Laura , Weber Katharina S. , Nießen Lisa , Verket Marlo , Spörkel Olaf , Strassburger Klaus , Roden Michael , Kronsbein Peter , Müssig Karsten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Children with migration background and from low socio-economic status are at higher risk for overweight. To determine appropriate media channels to possibly reach children with targeted health information, it has to be considered that the media and information behavior of children has changed during the last decades.
Objective We examined the media and information behavior of children in low socio-economic districts, focusing on those with migration background.
Methods Fourteen 3rd grade classes (n=250 children, 68.0% with migration background) completed a questionnaire regarding their media consumption, which was based on existing validated surveys.
Results ≥ 50% of the children watched TV and around 40% used both mobile phones and computers/tablets/internet for ≥1 h/day. Books were the most popular analogue media (61.6% of children), whereas magazines/newspapers and radio (18.4 and 16.0% of children, respectively) were used less frequently. Furthermore, they regularly used internet, TV and their teachers (63.0, 48.8 and 44.8% of children, respectively) as information source. Especially children with compared to those without migration background less likely used the radio (P=0.0002) and their family as information source (P=0.0017).
Conclusions Children attending 3rd grade class, especially with migration background, can be addressed through digital media rather than the radio. This may help to sustainably support children outside school with targeted health information.
Reliability of Intraoperative Monitoring in Patients with a Preexisting Motor Deficit: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Visagan Ravindran , Lavrador José Pedro , Acharya Shami , Pereira Noemia , Bodi Istvan , Ashkan Keyoumars , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Vergani F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The use of intraoperative monitoring (IOM) in glioma surgery is a widely adopted and clinically validated adjunct to define safe zones of resection for the neurosurgeon. However, the role of IOM in cases of a significant preexisting motor deficit is questionable.
Case Description We describe a case of a 25-year-old with a recurrent presentation of a left paracentral glioblastoma, admitted with intratumoral hemorrhage and subsequent acute severe right-sided weakness. The patient underwent a redo left parietal craniotomy and 5-aminolevulinic acid–guided resection with IOM. The severity of the weakness was not reflected by the pre- and intraoperative cortical motor evoked potentials (MEPs) that were reassuring. The patient's hemiparesis recovered to full power postoperatively.
Conclusions Preoperative weakness is traditionally accepted as a relative contraindication to IOM and therefore its usefulness is questioned in this context. Our case challenges this assumption. We present the clinical course, review the cranial and spinal literature including the reliability of IOM in cases of preoperative motor deficit, and discuss the need for tailor-made IOM strategies.
Stereotactic Brainstem Biopsy: Technical Aspects with Emphasis on Role of Awake Craniotomy
Authors: Ramnadh Reddy Kanala , Vamsi Krishna Yerramneni , Yerragunta Thirumal , Arvind Kumar Vupuloori , Shah Varshesh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction The role of frame-based stereotactic biopsy in brainstem lesions has been well established in literature. Transfrontal, transtentorial, and transcerebellar routes are used to access various targets within the brainstem. While the transfrontal approach is preferable in midbrain lesions, a transcerebellar approach via the middle cerebellar peduncle forms the shortest possible trajectory for pontine and medullary lesions.
Objective Authors to describe the technical nuances of frame-based stereotactic biopsy of lower brainstem lesions to increase the procedural safety and efficacy.
Materials and Methods Technical modifications in frame fixation were done to acheive the desired trajectory to the target. In adult cases biopsy was performed with patient awake during the procedure.
Results Total of five patients underwent biopsy with the technical modifications. Three patients were adults and two were in pediatric age group. Their age ranged from 12 to 50 years. No complications were encountered. Two of the biopsies showed demyelination and the other three turned out to be low-grade glioma, pilocytic astrocytoma, and lymphoma, respectively.
Conclusion Despite obvious inherent risks, the transcerebellar biopsy in semi-sitting position is a well-tolerated and effective method of obtaining a diagnostic tissue sample in brainstem lesions. We have noted that adoption of the technical modifications described in this article has aided in improving the safety and ease of the procedure.