bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Education for Self-Forgiveness as a Part of Education for Forgiveness
Authors: Horowski Jarosław 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The analyses undertaken in this article refer to the harm experienced in close relationships, where the lack of forgiveness and the breakdown in the relationship can be a source of additional suffering for the victim. Referring to the discussion conducted in the Journal of Philosophy of Education in the years 2002–2003, I assume that one of the most difficult challenges for the injured individual is to determine whether change made by the perpetrator of evil encourages the individual to trust the perpetrator or whether forgiveness can actually be understood as consent to further harm. Another challenge is that the injured person must make a decision about forgiveness when s/he perceives change in the perpetrator if lack of forgiveness is not to become the cause of a definitive breakdown in the relationship. I propose the thesis that a person—by reference to acts of self-forgiveness—can learn to identify the moment when forgiveness is possible and necessary. After explaining what self-forgiveness is, what act it relates to and what its moral value is, I show how self-forgiveness and reflection on the process of self-forgiveness can benefit education for forgiveness of another person.
The effect of hydrolysed tragacanth gum and inulin on the probiotic viability and quality characteristics of low‐fat yoghurt
Authors: Ghaderi‐Ghahfarokhi Maryam , Yousefvand Amin , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan , Zarei Mehdi 
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the effect of supplementation of tragacanth gum (GT, 0.05% w/v), low molecular weight gum tragacanth (LMWGT, 0.5% w/v) and inulin (0.5% w/v) on the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum and the quality parameters of low‐fat yoghurt during a three‐week storage period. The count of probiotics was found to be 7.8 log cfu/g in inulin, and LMWGT enriched yoghurts at the end of the storage period. The minimum water holding capacity and the maximum syneresis values were also obtained in the low‐fat yoghurt enriched with GT throughout the storage time. The samples containing inulin and LMWGT revealed sensory attributes that were judged superior compared to those in GT.
Association between extremely preterm caesarean delivery and maternal depressive and anxious symptoms: a national population‐based cohort study
Authors: Blanc J , Rességuier N , Lorthe E , Goffinet F , Sentilhes L , Auquier P , Tosello B , d'Ercole C 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether caesarean delivery before 26 weeks of gestation was associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers in comparison with deliveries between 26 and 34 weeks.DesignProspective national population‐based EPIPAGE‐2 cohort study.Setting268 neonatology departments in France, March to December 2011.PopulationMothers who delivered between 22 and 34 weeks and whose self‐reported symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: CES‐D) and anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI) were assessed at the moment of neonatal discharge.MethodsThe association of caesarean delivery before 26 weeks with severe symptoms of depression (CES‐D ≥16) and anxiety (STAI ≥45) was assessed by weighted and design‐based log‐linear regression model.Main outcome measuresSevere symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers of preterm infants.ResultsAmong the 2270 women completing CES‐D and STAI questionnaires at the time of neonatal discharge, severe symptoms of depression occurred in 25 (65.8%) women having a caesarean before 26 weeks versus in 748 (50.6%) women having a caesarean after 26 weeks. Caesarean delivery before 26 weeks was associated with severe symptoms of depression compared with caesarean delivery after 26 weeks (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.42, 95% CI 1.12–1.81) adjusted to neonatal birthweight and severe neonatal morbidity among other factors. There was no evidence of an association between mode of delivery and symptoms of anxiety.ConclusionsMothers having a caesarean delivery before 26 weeks’ gestation are at high risk of symptoms of depression and may benefit from specific preventive care.Tweetable abstractMothers having caesarean delivery before 26 weeks’ gestation are at high risk of symptoms of depression.
Locoregional control and toxicity after pleurectomy/decortication and intensity‐modulated pleural radiation therapy in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Arrieta Oscar , Lozano‐Ruiz Francisco , Blake‐Cerda Monika , Catalán Rodrigo , Lara‐Mejía Luis , Salinas Miguel Ángel , Maldonado‐Magos Federico , Corona‐Cruz José F. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTreatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) represents a major challenge for oncologists. Multimodality treatment, which generally involves induction chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy have recently shown promising results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the locoregional control and toxicity of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after pleurectomy and decortication (P/D) as part of trimodality therapy for patients with locally advanced MPM.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed data from 20 patients with MPM treated at a single tertiary‐care institution. Initially every patient received induction chemotherapy with platinum‐based chemotherapy. After chemotherapy, patients without progression underwent P/D, and if feasible, hemi‐thoracic IMRT was administered at a planned dose of 50.4–54 Gy in 28–30 fractions and treated with 9–11 noncoplanar fields.ResultsA total of 15 of the 20 enrolled patients underwent P/D followed by IMRT to the hemi‐thoracic cavity. The median total radiotherapy dose was 48.7 Gy (23.4–54 Gy). Radiation pneumonitis (RP) developed in nine patients (60%), and of these, two patients (13.3%) experienced G3 or G4 RP. The estimated locoregional‐relapse‐free survival at two years was 75.9%, and the main pattern of recurrence was distant (72.7%). For the entire cohort median follow‐up was 22.7 months, median progression‐free survival was 18.9 months and median overall survival 23.6 months.ConclusionsPlatinum‐based chemotherapy followed by lung‐sparing surgery (P/D) and IMRT is a feasible and safe treatment modality that yields acceptable locoregional control in patients with locally advanced MPM; however, these results should be corroborated in larger studies.
miR‐195 reduces age‐related blood–brain barrier leakage caused by thrombospondin‐1‐mediated selective autophagy
Authors: Chen Chien‐Yuan , Chao Yung‐Mei , Lin Hsiu‐Fen , Chen Chao‐Jung , Chen Cheng‐Sheng , Yang Jenq‐Lin , Chan Julie Y. H. , Juo Suh‐Hang H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBlood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins in cerebral endothelial cells (ECs) is a leading cause of BBB breakdown. We recently reported that miR‐195 provides vasoprotection, which urges us to explore the role of miR‐195 in BBB integrity. Here, we found cerebral miR‐195 levels decreased with age, and BBB leakage was significantly increased in miR‐195 knockout mice. Furthermore, exosomes from miR‐195‐enriched astrocytes increased endothelial TJ proteins and improved BBB integrity. To decipher how miR‐195 promoted BBB integrity, we first demonstrated that TJ proteins were metabolized via autophagic–lysosomal pathway and the autophagic adaptor p62 was necessary to promote TJ protein degradation in cerebral ECs. Next, proteomic analysis of exosomes revealed miR‐195‐suppressed thrombospondin‐1 (TSP1) as a major contributor to BBB disruption. Moreover, TSP1 was demonstrated to activate selective autophagy of TJ proteins by increasing the formation of claudin‐5‐p62 and ZO1‐p62 complexes in cerebral ECs while TSP1 impaired general autophagy. Delivering TSP1 antibody into the circulation showed dose‐dependent reduction of BBB leakage by 20%–40% in 25‐month‐old mice. Intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection of miR‐195 rescued TSP1‐induced BBB leakage. Dementia patients with BBB damage had higher levels of serum TSP1 compared to those without BBB damage (p = 0.0015), while the normal subjects had the lowest TSP1 (p < 0.0001). Taken together, the study implies that TSP1‐regulated selective autophagy facilitates the degradation of TJ proteins and weakens BBB integrity. An adequate level of miR‐195 can suppress the autophagy–lysosome pathway via a reduction of TSP1, which may be important for maintaining BBB function.
Blood extracellular vesicles from healthy individuals regulate hematopoietic stem cells as humans age
Authors: Grenier‐Pleau Isabelle , Tyryshkin Kathrin , Le Tri Dung , Rudan John , Bonneil Eric , Thibault Pierre , Zeng Karen , Lässer Cecilia , Mallinson David , Lamprou Dimitrios , Hui Jialui , Postovit Lynne‐Marie , Chan Edmond Y. W. , Abraham Sheela A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain balanced blood cell production in a process called hematopoiesis. As humans age, their HSCs acquire mutations that allow some HSCs to disproportionately contribute to normal blood production. This process, known as age‐related clonal hematopoiesis, predisposes certain individuals to cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that factors outside cells, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), contribute to the disruption of stem cell homeostasis during aging. We have characterized blood EVs from humans and determined that they are remarkably consistent with respect to size, concentration, and total protein content, across healthy subjects aged 20–85 years. When analyzing EV protein composition from mass spectroscopy data, our machine‐learning‐based algorithms are able to distinguish EV proteins based on age and suggest that different cell types dominantly produce EVs released into the blood, which change over time. Importantly, our data show blood EVs from middle and older age groups (>40 years) significantly stimulate HSCs in contrast to untreated and EVs sourced from young subjects. Our study establishes for the first time that although EV particle size, concentration, and total protein content remain relatively consistent over an adult lifespan in humans, EV content evolves during aging and potentially influences HSC regulation.
White matter microstructure and connectivity in patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder and their unaffected siblings
Authors: Dikmeer Nur , Besiroglu Lutfullah , Di Biase Maria A. , Zalesky Andrew , Kasal Meltem I. , Bilge Aslıhan , Durmaz Ercan , Polat Serap , Gelal Fazil , Zorlu Nabi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to examine white matter microstructure and connectivity in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and their unaffected siblings, relative to healthy controls.MethodsDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) scans were acquired in 30 patients with OCD, 21 unaffected siblings, and 31 controls. We examined white matter microstructure using measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Structural networks were examined using network‐based statistic (NBS).ResultsCompared to controls, OCD patients showed significantly reduced FA and increased RD in clusters traversing the left forceps minor, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and cingulum. Furthermore, the OCD group displayed significantly weaker connectivity (quantified by the streamline count) compared to controls in the right hemisphere, most notably in edges connecting subcortical structures to temporo‐occipital cortical regions. The sibling group showed intermediate streamline counts, FA and RD values between OCD and healthy control groups in connections found to be abnormal in patients with OCD. However, these reductions did not significantly differ compared to controls.ConclusionTherefore, siblings of OCD patients display intermediate levels in dMRI measures of microstructure and connectivity, suggesting white matter abnormalities might be related to the familial predisposition for OCD.
Predictors of Land Privatization: Cross‐Cultural Tests of Defendability and Resource Stress Theory
Authors: Ember Carol R. , Adem Teferi Abate , Brougham Tahlisa , Pitek Emily 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWe have known for some time that complex societies are more likely to have land tenure systems based on private rights and less likely to have communal ownership. Less understood is why. More specifically, what are the mechanisms to explain why complex societies have more private property? What are the adaptive advantages of one system rather than the other? Conceptualizing and coding land tenure systems as a “bundle of rights,” this worldwide cross‐cultural study suggests that Acheson's (2015) economic defendability theory in conjunction with some environmental stressors, such as drought, may help us understand cross‐cultural variation in land tenure systems. Our results have evolutionary implications. They suggest that if property rights were claimed, communal property systems would have been the default system for any society having substantial degrees of hunting, gathering, or herdable animals. Agriculture by itself is not a strong predictor of private land rights, although irrigation agriculture is. [land tenure systems, defendability, resource stress, cross‐cultural]
A novel approach to delivery of extracorporeal support using a modified continuous flow ventricular assist device in a mid‐volume congenital heart program
Authors: Turbendian Harma K. , Gebhardt Jeremy , Scherkenbach Peter , Zawadzki Matthew J. , Shillingford Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExtracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an essential component of a modern congenital cardiac surgery program. The circuit components and bedside management team may, however, vary among institutions. Here, we evaluate our initial experience with a modified ventricular assist device—based ECLS circuit primarily managed by the bedside nurse. We hypothesize that our outcomes are comparable to Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry data. All patients who received ECLS from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 at a single institution were included. Primary outcomes were survival to ECLS decannulation and discharge or transfer. Secondary outcomes included complications from ECLS. Data were compared to available ELSO registry data. Thirty‐seven patients underwent 44 ECLS runs during the study period. Forty percent of patients had single ventricle physiology. Nearly 46% of patients received ECLS as part of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). Survival to ECLS decannulation (68.2%) and survival to discharge or transfer (61.4%) did not differ from overall ELSO outcomes (69.7%, P = .870 and 50.7%, P = .136), as well as survival to discharge or transfer in a comparable cohort of ELSO centers (53.1%, P = .081). Patients with complications had a lower rate of survival to discharge or transfer but this did not reach statistical significance (47.7% vs. 75.0%, P = .455). Neurologic (50.0%), hemorrhagic (45.5%), and renal complications (31.8%) were most common in this cohort. A modified ventricular assist device‐based ECLS circuit with primary management by the bedside nurse can provide comparable support in a neonatal and pediatric cardiac surgery population. Cost analyses and further delineation of the complication profile are necessary for a complete characterization of this system.
Intestinal blood flow evaluation using the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method in a case of incarcerated obturator hernia: A case report
Authors: Nakashima Keigo , Ryu Shunjin , Okamoto Atsuko , Hara Keigo , Ishida Kota , Ito Ryusuke , Nakabayashi Yukio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn surgery for incarcerated hernia, intestinal blood flow is an important factor in intraoperative decision‐making given that irreversible ischemia can result in intestinal necrosis. Here, we report a case of incarcerated obturator hernia in which the bowel was successfully preserved by evaluating intestinal blood flow with the indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method. A woman in her 80s was diagnosed with incarcerated right obturator hernia, and a laparoscopic operation was performed. The small bowel tissue that had been incarcerated exhibited dark red discoloration. Fluorescence examination of the bowel wall indicated that the ischemic changes were reversible, and accordingly, the bowel was not resected. The postoperative course was uneventful. The indocyanine green fluorescence imaging method is a useful new source of evidence that will improve intraoperative decision‐making regarding bowel ischemia.
Design, synthesis and activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis of 5‐chloro‐2‐ or 5‐chloro‐4‐methyl‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one and some of its derivatives
Authors: Mazur Gabriela , Skiba‐Kurek Iwona , Karczewska Elżbieta , Pańczyk‐Straszak Katarzyna , Jaworska Joanna , Waszkielewicz Anna M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTen new xanthone derivatives have been designed and synthesized for their potential antibacterial activity. All compounds have been screened against Staphylococcus epidermidis strains ATCC 12228 and clinical K/12/8915. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for compound 3: 5‐chloro‐2‐((4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazin‐1‐yl)methyl)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one dihydrochloride, exhibiting MIC of 0.8 µg/ml against ATCC 12228 strain, compared to linezolid (0.8 µg/ml), ciprofloxacin (0.2 µg/ml) or trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (0.8 µg/ml). For the most active compound 3, genotoxicity assay with use of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium revealed safety in terms of genotoxicity at concentration 75 µg/ml and antibacterial activity against Salmonella at all higher concentrations. A final in silico prediction of skin metabolism of compound 3 seems promising, indicating stability of the xanthone moiety in the metabolism process.
What Eye Movements Reveal About Later Comprehension of Long Connected Texts
Authors: Southwell Rosy , Gregg Julie , Bixler Robert , D'Mello Sidney K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe know that reading involves coordination between textual characteristics and visual attention, but research linking eye movements during reading and comprehension assessed after reading is surprisingly limited, especially for reading long connected texts. We tested two competing possibilities: (a) the weak association hypothesis: Links between eye movements and comprehension are weak and short‐lived, versus (b) the strong association hypothesis: The two are robustly linked, even after a delay. Using a predictive modeling approach, we trained regression models to predict comprehension scores from global eye movement features, using participant‐level cross‐validation to ensure that the models generalize across participants. We used data from three studies in which readers (Ns = 104, 130, 147) answered multiple‐choice comprehension questions ~30 min after reading a 6,500‐word text, or after reading up to eight 1,000‐word texts. The models generated accurate predictions of participants' text comprehension scores (correlations between observed and predicted comprehension: 0.384, 0.362, 0.372, ps < .001), in line with the strong association hypothesis. We found that making more, but shorter fixations, consistently predicted comprehension across all studies. Furthermore, models trained on one study's data could successfully predict comprehension on the others, suggesting generalizability across studies. Collectively, these findings suggest that there is a robust link between eye movements and subsequent comprehension of a long connected text, thereby connecting theories of low‐level eye movements with those of higher order text processing during reading.
Myocardial CT perfusion compared with transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in evaluation of the coronary microvascular function: An iPOWER substudy
Authors: Bechsgaard Daria F. , Hove Jens D. , Michelsen Marie M. , Mygind Naja D. , Pena Adam , Hansen Peter R. , Hansen Henrik S. , Kastrup Jens , Høst Nis , Gustafsson Ida , Prescott Eva 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundA significant number of women with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD; <50% stenosis) have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) which carries an adverse cardiovascular prognosis. Coronary microvascular function can be evaluated by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) as a coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and by static CT myocardial perfusion (CTP) as a myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR). Whether these methods are correlated is not known. We assessed the correlation between CFVR and MPR and investigated whether women with angina, CMD and no obstructive CAD have reduced MPR compared with asymptomatic women.MethodsStatic CTP with adenosine‐induced vasodilation and TTDE of the left anterior descending artery with dipyridamole‐induced vasodilation were successfully performed and analysed in 99 women with stable angina and no obstructive CAD and 33 asymptomatic women with no obstructive CAD. CMD was defined as CFVR < 2.ResultsCorrelation between rate‐pressure product corrected MPR and CFVR was weak but significant (r = .23; p = .007). MPR was highest among asymptomatic women with normal CFVR (median [interquartile range; IQR] 158 [145–181] %). Symptomatic women with normal CFVR had reduced MPR (148 [134–162] %; age‐adjusted p < .001); however, the lowest MPR was found in symptomatic women with CMD (140 [129–164] %; age‐adjusted p < .001), independent of cardiovascular risk factors and haemodynamic parameters (p = .017).ConclusionWomen with angina, CMD and no obstructive CAD had markedly diminished MPR compared with asymptomatic women. Correlation between CFVR and MPR was weak, suggesting that CTP and TTDE are not interchangeable for detection of CMD.
A timely piece that resonates with the South African experience: Commentary on Stockwell et al.
Authors: Parry Charles D. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe authors correctly conclude that the burden from alcohol in Canada is substantially greater than it is from COVID‐19, and thus, alcohol should be given more attention. However, they fail to mention that in some countries, with the rise in COVID‐19‐related hospital admissions, competition can occur between COVID‐19 and trauma patients for scarce hospital resources. In South Africa, this has led to the temporary banning of alcohol sales at two periods during the lockdown. Stockwell et al. highlight the fact that alcohol is deemed an ‘essential service’ in many countries and point to the reasons why this might have occurred, and that industry appears to be taking advantage of lockdown conditions to expand their reach in ways that might continue after the lockdown. The alcohol industry in South Africa has also used the points given by Stockwell et al. as to why governments might be reluctant to restrict alcohol at this time in pushing back against imposition of alcohol control measures, and furthermore referred to the effect of the sales ban on jobs in the alcohol and related industries and policy inconsistencies in dealing with different industries. Finally, the commentary expands on the measures presented on how governments should use the opportunity provided by the COVID‐19 crisis to push for further alcohol control measures to be implemented.