bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shedding of proangiogenic microvesicles from hypertrophic scar myofibroblasts
Authors: Laberge Alexandra , Merjaneh Mays , Arif Syrine , Larochelle Sébastien , Moulin Véronique J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHypertrophic scars are a common complication of burn injuries and represent a major challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. These scars are characterized by a supraphysiological vascular density and by the presence of pathological myofibroblasts (Hmyos) displaying a low apoptosis propensity. However, the nature of the association between these two hallmarks of hypertrophic scarring remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that Hmyos produce signalling entities known as microvesicles that significantly increase the three cellular processes underlying blood vessel formation: endothelial cell proliferation, migration and assembly into capillary‐like structures. The release of microvesicles from Hmyos was dose‐dependently induced by the serum protein α‐2‐macroglobulin. Using flow cytometry, we revealed the presence of the α‐2‐macroglobulin receptor—low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1—on the surface of Hmyos. The inhibition of the binding of α‐2‐macroglobulin to its receptor abolished the shedding of proangiogenic microvesicles from Hmyos. These findings suggest that the production of microvesicles by Hmyos contributes to the excessive vascularization of hypertrophic scars. α‐2‐Macroglobulin modulates the release of these microvesicles through interaction with low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1.
Error prediction and structure determination for CMAC neural network based on the uniform design method
Authors: Kong Zhiwei , Zhang Yong , Wang Xudong , Sun Shuanzhu , Zhou Chunlei , Li Dou , Jin Baosheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInsufficient study on error bound of cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) severely limits its application. To investigate the error prediction and structure determination of CMAC for multi‐dimensional and data‐generation objects, this paper builds a 10‐input 2‐output model for a desulfurization system to test 44,640 sets of operation data. Four test groups and one prediction group are designed and performed based on uniform design method. Regression analysis and curve fitting methods are applied for error analyses. The focus of regression analysis method is the influence of uniform table's level on its prediction formulas' accuracies, whereas curve fitting's is the impact of theoretical memory space (location number) and actual storage space (address number) of CMAC on output error. Based on the results, the following conclusions are obtained. (a) The prediction accuracy of the linear regression equation is not monotonous with the level of the uniform design table, but there is a distinct region with local high precision. (b) Compared with regression analysis and address number fitting methods, location number analysis method has distinct advantages of prediction range, accuracy and flexibility. (c) In terms of location number analysis, different intervals may correspond to different optimal fitting functions, but only power function maintains high prediction accuracy in the whole range where the method works. Besides, the scope of location number analysis is also studied, of which the lower borders are 109 and 1010 approximately for model's two outputs, respectively.
Ultrasonic fatigue testing of cast steel G42CrMo4 at elevated temperatures
Authors: Schmiedel Alexander , Henkel Sebastian , Kirste Thomas , Morgenstern Roman , Weidner Anja , Biermann Horst 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe fatigue life of cast steel G42CrMo4 in two different heat treatment conditions was investigated at room temperature (RT), 473 K and 773 K up to the range of very high cycle fatigue (VHCF), that is, 109 cycles. The fatigue life is determined by casting defects, the hardness of the steel matrix and by temperature. Fatigue life data were discussed in correlation with crack‐initiating defects analysed on fracture surfaces. The SN curves obtained at RT and at 473 K show a large scatter. However, the SN curve at 773 K exhibits a larger slope parameter and a significantly reduced scatter. It is shown that the fatigue behaviour of the cast steel G42CrMo4 changes from 473 to 773 K in the range of VHCF. The fatigue lives of the specimens tested at 773 K were described with a crack growth model.
Influence of foreign object impact mode on fatigue performance of 2198‐T8 Al‐Li alloy thin sheets for fuselage
Authors: Chen Yajun , Pan Xuechun , Zhang Changtian , Cui Zifan , Ji Chunming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe 2198‐T8 is the advanced aircraft aluminium‐lithium alloy used for airframe construction. Based on the digital image correlation technique, the postimpact fatigue performance of 2198‐T8 aluminium‐lithium alloy sheets was analysed. The foreign object impact mode includes a single impact, continuous twice‐impacts at the same position and impacts at two parallel positions. For each mode, the collapse behaviours with different impact energies and insert dimensions were investigated. The results could show that residual fatigue life is sensitive to the impact mode, and through digital image correlation (DIC) nephogram analysis, on the surface of dented specimens, there exists the redistribution of strain field. For three types of impact modes, the concept of average damage volume is introduced to fit the effect of dent depth and width on residual fatigue life; the goodness of fit for the whole average damage volume is 89.5%. The crack initiation and propagation of the postimpact fatigue specimen will be affected by the stress concentration and microstructure, and the local multiaxial strain status around the dent will accelerate the crack propagation.
Expectations and financial markets: Lessons from Brexit
Authors: Gu Chen , Hibbert Ann Marie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe use the setting of Brexit to investigate how financial markets react to news about political events. We provide robust evidence that political risk is priced by equity markets globally. Furthermore, commodity, government bonds, and currency markets are also affected by political uncertainty. However, our intraday results reveal that markets respond very quickly to political news as changes in the probability of Brexit was impounded into equity prices within 5 min. Our findings also show that investor attention significantly influences the link between the market's expectations of political events and asset prices.
Comparison between touchscreen operant chambers and water maze to detect early prefrontal dysfunction in mice
Authors: Van den Broeck Lore , Sierksma Annerieke , Hansquine Pierre , Thonnard David , Callaerts‐Vegh Zsuzsanna , D'Hooge Rudi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe relative lack of sensitive and clinically valid tests of rodent behavior might be one of the reasons for the limited success of the clinical translation of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) research findings. There is a general interest in innovative behavioral methodology, and protocols have been proposed for touchscreen operant chambers that might be superior to existing cognitive assessment methods. We assessed and analyzed touchscreen performance in several novel ways to examine the possible occurrence of early signs of prefrontal (PFC) functional decline in the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Touchscreen learning performance was compared between APP/PS1‐21 mice and wildtype littermates on a C57BL/6J background at 3, 6 and 12 months of age in parallel to the assessment of spatial learning, memory and cognitive flexibility in the Morris water maze (MWM). We found that older mice generally needed more training sessions to complete the touchscreen protocol than younger ones. Older mice also displayed defects in MWM working memory performance, but touchscreen protocols detected functional changes beginning at 3 months of age. Histological changes in PFC of APP/PS1 mice indeed occurred as early as 3 months. Our results suggest that touchscreen operant protocols are more sensitive to PFC dysfunction, which is of relevance to the use of these tasks and devices in preclinical AD research and experimental pharmacology.
The effect of background strain on the behavioral phenotypes of the MDGA2+/− mouse model of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fertan Emre , Wong Aimée A. , Purdon Michaela K. , Weaver Ian C. G. , Brown Richard E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe membrane‐associated mucin (MAM) domain containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor 2 protein single knock‐out mice (MDGA2+/−) are models of ASD. We examined the behavioral phenotypes of male and female MDGA2+/− and wildtype mice on C57BL6/NJ and C57BL6/N backgrounds at 2 months of age and measured MDGA2, neuroligin 1 and neuroligin 2 levels at 7 months. Mice on the C57BL6/NJ background performed better than those on the C57BL6/N background in visual ability and in learning and memory performance in the Morris water maze and differed in measures of motor behavior and anxiety. Mice with the MDGA2+/− genotype differed from WT mice in motor, social and repetitive behavior and anxiety, but most of these effects involved interactions between MDGA2+/− genotype and background strain. The background strain also influenced MDGA2 levels and NLGN2 association in MDGA2+/− mice. Our findings emphasize the importance of the background strain used in studies of genetically modified mice.
Deforestation leakage undermines conservation value of tropical and subtropical forest protected areas
Authors: Ford Scott Alan , Jepsen Martin Rudbeck , Kingston Naomi , Lewis Edward , Brooks Thomas M. , MacSharry Brian , Mertz Ole 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe establishment of protected areas is among the most widespread responses to mitigate species loss. Although protected areas are often assumed to have conservation benefits, negative impacts have also been documented. One potential negative outcome is leakage, whereby protected areas displace land‐use activities harmful to conservation into adjacent areas. This can undermine protection by accelerating loss of species or skewing judgements of effectiveness. This study assessed the prevalence of deforestation leakage in a pan‐tropical and subtropical selection of 120 protected areas.LocationTropical and subtropical forest regions of America, Africa and Asia.Time period2001–2017.Major taxa studiedThreatened species of amphibians, birds and terrestrial mammals.MethodsWe used Global Forest Change data to assess the average yearly rate of deforestation in protected areas, protected area buffer zones and statistically matched, unprotected control areas. We calculated and compared irreplaceability of habitat for threatened amphibian, bird and terrestrial mammal species between protected areas and buffer zones.ResultsIn 55 cases, deforestation rates were higher in buffer zones than in protected and control areas, suggesting a relatively high prevalence of deforestation leakage stemming from protected areas. In 78.2% of documented leakage cases, reduced deforestation in protected areas was not sufficient to offset the amount of deforestation in 10 km buffer zones to a level that would be expected without protection. In 90.9% of leakage cases, the irreplaceability of species in the 10 km buffer zone was greater than that of the protected area, implying a negative impact of leakage on threatened species.Main conclusionsThe results suggest that protected areas are generally effective at preventing deforestation within their jurisdiction; however, leakage patterns can undermine conservation success because buffer zones often contain habitat for threatened species. We recommend accounting for the possibility of leakage when designing new protected areas and networks.
Geography and linguistics: Histories, entanglements and departures
Authors: Jagessar Philip 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLinguistic geography has been considered a part, if not a sub‐discipline, of linguistics rather than geography. This was not always the case. In the late 19th century geography was integral to linguistic science through the practice of language surveying and production of linguistic maps and atlases. By the early 20th century language became a geopolitical concern in Europe during and after the First World War. This paper argues that historical geography can make an important intervention in recovering the entwined yet forgotten histories of linguistics and geography and explain the roots of geography's indifference to linguistic study which has, among many issues, contributed to the marginalisation of other languages in favour of English. This paper traces the history of geography's association with language as a consequence of empire, colonialism and nationalism and considers the reasons for their divergence and why geography continues to have a significant role in linguistics but not vice‐versa. This paper concludes by reflecting on what historical geography brings to linguistic geography and how it can write about a significant, yet often forgotten, geographical tradition.
The financialization of everyday life: Caring for debts
Authors: Karaagac Esra Alkim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper examines current research on financialization in economic geography through the lens of recent feminist interventions in the financialization of social reproduction. Although the financialization literature provides new perspectives by interrogating everyday household economies, debt relations and subjectivities, I argue that there needs to be a critical re‐evaluation of what the financialization of everyday life is in the context of neoliberal austerity regimes and the crisis of care. My paper does this by expanding the boundaries of the financialization literature in economic geography, connecting long‐lasting concerns from feminist political economy. It draws attention to the intimate relationship between indebtedness, care and everyday life and discusses limits to financialization when debts are cared for at the expense of social reproduction. Finally, it emphasizes the need for feminist politics to decolonize the financial narrative over daily life and feminist methodologies to understand the intimate, embodied and lived experiences of indebtedness for alternative knowledge production. This work will contribute to the dialogue between economic geography and feminist political economy in the domain of financialization, highlighting research on everyday finance and debt in economic geographies.
The association of standard Kt/V and surface area‐normalized standard Kt/V with clinical outcomes in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Pattharanitima Pattharawin , Chauhan Kinsuk , El Shamy Osama , Chaudhary Kumardeep , Sharma Shuchita , Coca Steven G. , Nadkarni Girish N. , Uribarri Jaime , Chan Lili 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionA previous study demonstrated that the surface area‐normalized standard Kt/V (SAstdKt/V) was better associated with mortality than standard Kt/V (stdKt/V). This study investigates the association of SAstdKt/V and stdKt/V with mortality, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia in a larger patient cohort with a longer follow‐up period.MethodsWe included adult patients on thrice‐weekly hemodialysis in the USRDS database and excluded amputated patients. StdKt/V and SAstdKt/V were calculated from the available single‐pool Kt/V. Patients were categorized into five groups according to their stdKt/V and SAstdKt/V: <2.00, 2.00–2.19, 2.20–2.39, 2.40–2.59, and ≥2.60. Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated using Cox and logistic regression analysis respectively.FindingsThere were 507,656 patients included in the analysis. The patients had a median age of 65.5 years with a median follow‐up period of 2 years. Thirty‐four percent died during follow‐up. HRs for mortality progressively decreased as SAstdKt/V increased in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Unlike SAstdKt/V, HRs were the lowest in the categories with stdKt/V of 2.40–2.59 and they increased in the higher stdKt/V category. The adjusted HR for SAstdKt/V vs. stdKt/V were 0.68 vs. 0.62 in the category of 2.40–2.59, and 0.63 vs. 0.73 in the category of ≥2.60. The adjusted ORs for anemia progressively decreased as SAstdKt/V increased, whereas ORs decreased to the lowest in stdKt/V category 2.40–2.59 and increased in the ≥2.60 category. The adjusted ORs for hypoalbuminemia progressively decreased as SAstdKt/V and stdKt/V increased which were both 0.45 in 2.40–2.59 category and decreased to 0.29 and 0.42 in the ≥2.60 category.DiscussionSAstdKt/V is better associated with mortality, anemia, and hypoalbuminemia than stdKt/V. SAstdKt/V is a better parameter in defining hemodialysis dosing which can be calculated by an available online tool. Further studies to determine the optimal SAstdKt/V dose required to achieve improved clinical outcomes with better cost‐effectiveness are needed.
Evaluation of a research awareness training programme to support research involvement of older people with dementia and their care partners
Authors: Miah Jahanara , Dawes Piers , Leroi Iracema , Starling Bella , Lovell Karina , Price Owen , Grundy Andrew , Parsons Suzanne 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundBest‐practice guidelines recommend that appropriate support be provided to public contributors to facilitate their involvement in research. One form of support is research awareness training. Older people with dementia and care partners were involved in four Research User Groups (RUGs) in the UK, France, Cyprus and Greece. We delivered research awareness training (RAT) to the RUGs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and perceived outcomes of the training from the perspective of RUG members.MethodsAt the end of each research training session, participants completed the Training Acceptability Rating Scale‐section 2, which records the respondent's impressions of the training process and the outcomes of training. Participants were also invited to take part in semi‐structured interviews at the end of the programme.ResultsThirty‐four RUG members completed the TARS‐section 2 with 23 completing semi‐structured interviews. Over two‐thirds (67%) of participants rated their overall satisfaction with the RAT ‘a great deal’. Qualitative responses indicated that participants found group work to be beneficial for learning, the structure of training activities and topics covered appropriate. The type and format of the training materials were viewed as helpful, and they valued the new knowledge gained.ConclusionsThe training contents were applicable, useful and relevant to the participants’ role within the research. We highlight the importance of facilitating participation by (a) fostering awareness of relevant research issues and (b) tailoring delivery of training according to the needs of the participants.
The prescribing of antibiotics for endodontic infections by dentists in Turkey: a comprehensive survey
Authors: Deniz‐Sungur D. , Aksel H. , Karaismailoglu E. , Sayin T. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the antibiotic prescribing patterns for endodontic infections based on the reports of Turkish dentists.MethodologyA survey consisting of 20 questions on general information and 13 questions on antibiotic prescribing patterns for endodontic cases was delivered to the e‐mail addresses of general dentists and specialists via the database of the Turkish Dental Association. Collected data were analysed using Mc‐Nemar‐Bowker Test and multivariate ordinal logistic regression tests at the significance level of 0.05.ResultsA total of 1007 responses were obtained from 17 827 dentists. The majority of the participants were general dental practitioners (GDP, 80%) whilst 8% were Endodontists. Gender, clinical experience, affiliations and speciality were significant risk factors for antibiotic prescription (P < 0.05). GDPs prescribed antibiotics twice as much as all specialists and members of public hospitals prescribed antibiotics three times more than specialists and clinical academics (P < 0.05). Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most prescribed antibiotic (90%), followed by Ornidazole (25%). Clindamycin was the drug of choice for the patients with penicillin allergy (59%). Infection and fever control (76%), prophylaxis (44%) and avoiding swelling and trismus during endodontic treatment (26%) were the most common reasons for antibiotic prescriptions. Completing a course of prescribed antibiotics was recommended by most (75%). Infective endocarditis, immunosuppression, artificial heart valve and mitral valve prolapse were the main causes of prophylaxis in descending order. Uncontrolled and extensive use of antibiotics by patients (62%) was mentioned as the most effective reason for antibiotic resistance. Up to 10% of participants prescribed antibiotics for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, asymptomatic apical periodontitis with or without endodontic treatment (8, 12 and 11%, respectively). Up to 20% of dentists prescribed antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis when the pulp was vital or necrotic (13 and 23%, respectively). Almost one third of the participants prescribed antibiotics for symptomatic apical periodontitis of previously treated teeth with or without radiographic lesions whilst 34% prescribed antibiotics for acute apical abscess with localized swelling without systemic involvement.ConclusionsThe majority of dentists reported they prescribed antibiotics inappropriately. It is necessary to improve the knowledge of dentists about antibiotics and their indications in endodontics.