bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic‐related environmental factors and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Zhao Li , Huang Qin , Hong Andy , Yu Chao , Xiao Qian , Zou Bin , Ji Shuming , Zhang Longhao , Zou Kun , Ning Yi , Zhang Junfeng , Jia Peng 
Published: January 2020

SummaryA growing body of research links traffic‐related environmental factors to childhood obesity; however, the evidence is still inconclusive. This review aims to fill this important research gap by systematically reviewing existing research on the relationship between traffic‐related environmental factors and childhood obesity. Based on the inclusion criteria, 39 studies are selected with environmental factors of interest, including traffic flow, traffic pollution, traffic noise, and traffic safety. Weight‐related behaviours include active travel/transport, physical activity (PA), and intake of a high trans‐fat diet or stress symptoms; weight‐related outcomes are mainly body mass index (BMI) or BMI z‐scores and overweight/obesity. Of 16 studies of weight‐related behaviours, significant associations are reported in 11 out of 12 studies on traffic flow (two positively and nine negatively associated with PA), five out of six studies on traffic safety (four positively and one negatively associated with PA), one study on traffic pollution (positively with unhealthy food consumption), and one study on traffic noise (negatively associated with PA). Among 23 studies of weight‐related outcomes, significant associations are reported in six out of 14 studies on traffic flow (five positively and one negatively associated with obesity outcome), seven out of 10 studies on traffic pollution (all positively associated with obesity outcome), and two out of five on traffic noise (all positively associated with obesity outcome). Our findings show that long‐term traffic pollution is weakly positively associated with children's BMI growth, and traffic flow, pollution, and noise could affect weight‐related behaviours. Associations between traffic density and noise and weight status are rather inconclusive.
Uninterrupted growth in a non‐polar hadrosaur explains the gigantism among duck‐billed dinosaurs
Authors: Słowiak Justyna , Szczygielski Tomasz , Ginter Michał , Fostowicz‐Frelik Łucja 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDuck‐billed dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae) were the most common ornithopods of the Late Cretaceous. Second only to sauropods and in many cases exceeding the sizes of the largest land mammals (such as indricotheres or proboscideans), they are among the largest terrestrial herbivores to have walked the Earth. Despite their gigantic size, diversity and abundance, their growth strategies remain poorly understood. Here, we examine the bone microstructure of several Mongolian hadrosauroids of varied adult sizes. The small and middle‐sized species have lines of arrested growth (LAGs). On the other hand, one of the largest duck‐billed dinosaurs, Saurolophus angustirostris, shows uninterrupted growth, comparable with other big hadrosaurs for which the lack of cyclical growth arrests was interpreted as a result of living in the polar region. Since both of the studied taxa inhabited warmer, continental, monsoon‐influenced environments of the Late Cretaceous Mongolia, we propose that the absence of LAGs is not a climatic‐driven condition but rather connected with the animal's size (i.e. ontogeny). Our results show that, like sauropods, hadrosaurs changed their growth dynamics from cyclical to continuous during their evolution, which made it possible for them to achieve comparable body sizes.
Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance reseptor‐related disease
Authors: Kilinc Ayse Ayzit , Alishbayli Gulizar , Taner Hasan Emir , Cokugras Fugen Cullu , Cokugras Haluk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance receptor (CFTR)‐related disease is diagnosed in patients affected by CFTR dysfunction who do not fully meet the CF diagnostic criteria. Only 2% of all CF patients have CFTR‐related disease. We define the demographic characteristics of such patients, described the performance of mutational analyses, and describe the clinical findings.MethodsTwenty‐four patients were followed‐up for CFTR‐related disease. Patients with CF symptoms but who did not completely fulfil the CF diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Age, body mass index at the times of diagnosis and admission, symptoms, pulmonary function and fecal elastase test results, gene analyses, and clinical findings during follow‐up were evaluated.ResultsTen patients (42%) were female and 14 (58%) male. Their mean age was 15.3 years (minimum–maximum 6–20 years). The mean age at diagnosis was 8.5 years (minimum–maximum 3–14 years) and the most common presenting complaint was a cough (n = 19). During follow up, chronic sinusitis developed in 15 patients, bronchiectasis in 13, nasal polyposis in six, failure to thrive in three, recurrent pancreatitis in two, asthma in one, and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens in one. Fecal elastase levels were low in only one of the three patients who failed to thrive. In terms of CFTR gene mutations, two were found in 10 patients, one in eight patients, and none in six.ConclusionsCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor‐related disease presents with various clinical findings. Serious symptoms may develop later in life. Late diagnosis significantly compromises the quality and duration of life in such patients.
Increased serum circulating asprosin levels in children with obesity
Authors: Sünnetçi Silistre Eda , Hatipoğl Halil Uğur 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildhood obesity is a growing and significant problem worldwide. Asprosin is a novel adipokine that is significantly associated with glucose and insulin production in the liver during fasting. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate whether there would be differences between obese, overweight, and normal weight children in terms of serum asprosin levels.MethodsForty‐four children with obesity, 54 overweight children, and 60 normal weight children were compared in terms of serum asprosin levels and other anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters that are associated with being overweight and with obesity.ResultsSerum asprosin levels were found to be significantly different between groups: 70.903 ± 17.49 ng/mL, 79.744 ± 29.54 ng/mL, and 106.293 ± 122.69 ng/mL in normal weight, overweight, and obese children respectively. Post‐hoc analysis revealed that the asprosin level was significantly higher in obese children compared with normal weight children (P = 0.009). Additionally, asprosin was found to be a predictor of obesity in multiple regression analysis.ConclusionOur study is the first to demonstrate increased levels of asprosin in obese children compared with normal weight children. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the role of asprosin in the etiology of childhood obesity, as well as other diseases that might be associated with effects of asprosin.
Strong body, clear mind: Physical activity diminishes the effects of supervisor interpersonal injustice
Authors: Watkins Trevor , Umphress Elizabeth E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe integrate exercise physiology tenets with self‐regulation theory to explain how physical activity diminishes the effects of supervisor interpersonal injustice. We posit that individuals can help prevent self‐regulation depletion from interpersonal injustice when they engage in physical activity. In Study 1, we manipulated physical activity and interpersonal injustice in a laboratory setting, and in Study 2, utilizing a two‐week experience sampling method we examined how employees reacted differently to daily interpersonal injustice as a function of their general level of physical activity engagement. Our results demonstrate that both acute and chronic levels of physical activity attenuate the effects of supervisor interpersonal injustice episodes on self‐regulation depletion, which subsequently reduces social undermining directed toward the supervisor. Our findings highlight the theoretical and practical significance of physical activity for interpersonal injustice and for organizations in general.
Light Sources and Dosimetry Techniques for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kim Michele M. , Darafsheh Arash 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEffective treatment delivery in photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires coordination of the light source, the photosensitizer, and the delivery device appropriate to the target tissue. Lasers, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), and lamps are the main types of light sources utilized for PDT applications. The choice of light source depends on the target location, photosensitizer used, and light dose to be delivered. Geometry of minimally accessible areas also plays a role in deciding light applicator type. Typically, optical fiber‐based devices are used to deliver the treatment light close to the target. The optical properties of tissue also affect the distribution of the treatment light. Treatment light undergoes scattering and absorption in tissue. Most tissue will scatter light, but highly pigmented areas will absorb light, especially at short wavelengths. This review will summarize the basic physics of light sources, and describe methods for determining the dose delivered to the patient.
Controls on Early Cretaceous desert sediment provenance in south‐west Gondwana, Botucatu Formation (Brazil and Uruguay)
Authors: Bertolini Gabriel , Marques Juliana C. , Hartley Adrian J. , Da‐Rosa Atila A. S. , Scherer Claiton M. S. , Basei Miguel A. S. , Frantz José C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Lower Cretaceous Botucatu Formation records the development of widespread dry–aeolian desert sedimentation throughout the Paraná Basin in south‐west Gondwana. To reconstruct the provenance of the aeolian sediment, petrography, granulometric analysis, U‐Pb detrital zircon ages have been determined from along the southern basin margin in Rio Grande do Sul state (southern Brazil) and Uruguay (Tacuarembó region). The dataset reveals a mean composition Qt89F8L3, comprising very fine to medium‐grained quartozose and feldspatho‐quartzose framework. Heavy mineral analysis reveals an overall dominance of zircon, tourmaline and rutile grains (mean ZTR0.84) with sporadic garnet, epidote and pyrolusite occurrences. The detrital zircon U‐Pb ages are dominated by Cambrian to Neoproterozoic (515 to 650 Ma), Tonian to Stenian (900 to 1250 Ma) and Orosirian to Rhyacian (1.8 to 2.2 Ga) material. The detrital zircon dataset demonstrates a significant lateral variation in sediment provenance: Cambrian to Neoproterozoic detrital zircons dominate in the east, while Tonian to Stenian and Orosirian to Rhyacian ages predominate in the west of the study area. Sandstones are quartz‐rich with dominantly durable zircon, tourmaline and rutile heavy mineral suite, with subtle but statistically significant along‐strike differences in heavy mineral populations and detrital mineralogy which are thought to record local sediment input points into the aeolian system. The similar age spectra of Botucatu desert with proximal Paraná Basin units, the predominance of quartzose, and zircon, tourmaline and rutile components, suggests that recycling is the mechanism responsible for the erg feeding.
Contemporary Characteristics and Lethality Correlates of Serious Suicide Attempts in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Rengasamy Manivel , Sylvester Christie , Shulman Joshua , Pizon Anthony 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveAdolescent suicide rates have increased in the past decade. Few studies have examined contemporary pediatric suicide attempters with medically serious suicide attempts, particularly among younger pediatric suicide attempters.MethodThis preliminary chart review study examined 200 adolescents with medically serious suicide attempts and sought to identify general cohort characteristics, differences in cohort characteristics based on age, correlates of lethality, and correlates of rescue (likelihood of prompt medical attention).ResultsOur study found that younger adolescents specifically endorsed increased cyberbullying (β = 1.1, p = .046) and less hopelessness (β = −0.83, p = .02) compared to older adolescents. Suicide attempt lethality was negatively associated with female gender (β = −0.59, p = .041), rescue (β = −0.19, p = .005), an anxiety diagnosis (β = −0.81, p = .0003), and history of consensual sexual activity (β = −0.79, p = .002). Rescue was positively associated with an ADHD diagnosis (β = 0.73, p = .018) and less attempt planning (β = 0.96, p = .01), while a history of previous suicide attempt (β = −0.54, p = .04) and more proximal suicide attempt (β = −0.045, p = .008) were associated with a lower rescue score.ConclusionOur preliminary findings suggest clinicians and future researchers may need to assess certain social and diagnostic factors in children and adolescents at particularly high risk for death by suicide.
Compared Thermal Modeling of Anode- and Electrolyte-Supported SOFC-Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems
Authors: Akroot Abdulrazzak , Namli Lutfu , Ozcan Hasan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, two solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid systems (anode-supported model (ASM) and electrolyte-supported model (ESM)) is developed in matlab® and compared. The hybrid system model is considered to investigate the impacts of various operating parameters such as SOFC operating temperature and steam/carbon ratio on power production and performance of the hybrid system where it is projected that results can be utilized as guidelines for optimal hybrid system operation. According to the findings, a maximum 695 kW power is produced at 750 °C operating temperature for the anode-supported model, whereas 627 kW power is produced at 1000 °C for the electrolyte-supported model. The highest electrical efficiencies for the anode-supported model and the electrolyte-supported model are 64.6% and 58.3%, respectively. Besides, the lower value of the steam to carbon ratio is favorable for increased power output from the fuel cell and consequently a high SOFC efficiency.
Recent Advances in Integrated Response Analysis of Floating Wind Turbines in a Reliability Perspective
Authors: Moan Torgeir , Gao Zhen , Bachynski Erin E. , Nejad Amir R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOffshore wind provides an important source of renewable energy. While wind turbines fixed to the seabed in shallow water have already been industrialized, floating wind turbines are still at an early stage of development. The cost of wind power is decreasing fast. Yet, the main challenges, especially for novel floating wind turbine concepts, are to increase reliability and reduce costs. The reliability perspective here refers to the lifecycle integrity management of the system to ensure reliability by actions during design, fabrication, installation, operation, and decommissioning. The assessment should be based on response analysis that properly accounts for the effect of different sub-systems (rotor, drivetrain, tower, support structure, and mooring) on the system behavior. Moreover, the load effects should be determined so as to be proper input to the integrity check of these sub-systems. The response analysis should serve as the basis for design and managing inspections and monitoring, with due account of inherent uncertainties. In this paper, recent developments of methods for numerical and experimental response assessment of floating wind turbines are briefly described in view of their use to demonstrate system integrity in design as well as during operation to aid inspection and monitoring. Typical features of offshore wind turbine behavior are also illustrated through some numerical case studies.
Deformation of an Elastic Beam on a Winkler Foundation
Authors: Butler Adam J. O. , Meyer Colin R. , Neufeld Jerome A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a simple model for geophysical systems involving sources of deformation, such as magmatic intrusions, subglacial lakes, and the subsurface storage of CO2. We consider the idealized system of a uniform elastic layer overlying a localized region of constant pressure that is surrounded by a Winkler foundation composed of springs. We investigate the effect of source depth and foundation stiffness on the resulting displacement profiles at both the surface and the level of the source. The system is characterized by three key features: the maximum uplift, the maximum subsidence, and the distance to the point of zero displacement. For each of these, we determine asymptotic scaling behavior in the limits of a thin/thick layer and a soft/stiff foundation and form composite curves that allow specific parameter values to be determined from field data. Both two-dimensional and axisymmetric pressure patches are considered, and in the thin-layer limit we derive analytical solutions.
Automatic Detection of Manufacturing Equipment Cycles Using Time Series
Authors: Seevers Jan-Peter , Jurczyk Kristina , Meschede Henning , Hesselbach Jens , Sutherland John W. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Manufacturing industry companies are increasingly interested in using less energy in order to enhance competitiveness and reduce environmental impact. To implement technologies and make decisions that lead to less energy demand, energy/power data are required. All too often, however, energy data are either not available, or available but too aggregated to be useful, or in a form that makes information difficult to access. Attention herein is focused on this last point. As a step toward greater energy information transparency and smart energy-monitoring systems, this paper introduces a novel, robust time series-based approach to automatically detect and analyze the electrical power cycles of manufacturing equipment. A new pattern recognition algorithm including a power peak clustering method is applied to a large real-life sensor data set of various machine tools. With the help of synthetic time series, it is shown that the accuracy of the cycle detection of nearly 100% is realistic, depending on the degree of measurement noise and the measurement sampling rate. Moreover, this paper elucidates how statistical load profiling of manufacturing equipment cycles as well as statistical deviation analyses can be of value for automatic sensor and process fault detection.
<p><strong>Acaricide resistance and mechanisms in </strong><strong><em>Tetranychus urticae</em></strong><strong> populations from greenhouses in Turkey</strong><strong></strong></p>
Authors: Alpkent Yasin Nazım , İnak Emre , Ulusoy Selçuk , Ay Recep 
Published: January 2020

Turkey has great potential in vegetable production especially in greenhouses. However, plant pests such as Tetranychus urticae Koch can cause significant yield losses with the contribution of suitable climate conditions of greenhouses that allow to fast development of spider mites. Although synthetic acaricides are the most preferred control tools to manage T. urticae populations in Turkey, control failure has often been reported because of its ability to quickly develop resistance. In this study, bifenthrin and hexythiazox toxicity over five field-collected strains were evaluated and mechanisms of resistance have also been investigated via biochemical and molecular methods. Resistance mutations in voltage gated sodium channel and chitin synthase I which are the target sites of bifenthrin and hexythiazox, respectively, were found in various strains. The specific activity of P450 and GST enzymes was significantly increased in all field-collected strains comparing with susceptible strain. In addition, synergists of P450 and esterase enzymes enhanced the bifenthrin and hexythiazox toxicity, respectively. The results of this study will contribute to design proper resistance management strategies in Turkish greenhouses.
Direct evidence for fluid overpressure during hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from organic-rich shales
Authors: Wang Miao , Chen Yong , Bain Wyatt M. , Song Guoqi , Liu Keyu , Zhou Zhenzhu , Steele-MacInnis Matthew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fluid overpressures are widely expected during hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, yet direct evidence for this phenomenon is lacking in the case of organic-rich shales. Here we show that formation of bed-parallel fibrous calcite veins in mature laminated organic-rich shales in the Eocene Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin, east China, occurred in direct response to fluid overpressure due to hydrocarbon generation. The evidence for overpressure is recorded by coexisting primary aqueous and petroleum inclusions in the calcite fibers. Our results show that all analyzed fluid-inclusion assemblages record variable degrees of overpressure during vein dilation, ranging from only modestly in excess of hydrostatic, to approaching and perhaps exceeding lithostatic. Thus, our results indicate that fluid pressures during dilation of horizontal veins are not necessarily equal to the opposing force of overburden throughout the history of opening. This suggests that at least some of the vein dilation is accommodated by concomitant narrowing of the adjacent wall-rock laminae, likely by scavenging (dissolution and reprecipitation) of CaCO3 from the adjacent wall rock.
Periodicity in fields of elongating dunes
Authors: Gadal C. , Narteau C. , Courrech du Pont S. , Rozier O. , Claudin P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDune fields are commonly associated with periodic patterns that are among the most recognizable landscapes on Earth and other planetary bodies. However, in zones of limited sediment supply, where periodic dunes elongate and align in the direction of the resultant sand flux, there has been no attempt to explain the emergence of such a regular pattern. Here, we show, by means of numerical simulations, that the elongation growth mechanism does not produce a pattern with a specific wavelength. Periodic elongating dunes appear to be a juxtaposition of individual structures, the arrangement of which is due to regular landforms at the border of the field acting as boundary conditions. This includes, among others, dune patterns resulting from bed instability, or the crestline reorganization induced by dune migration. The wavelength selection in fields of elongating dunes therefore reflects the interdependence of dune patterns over the course of their evolution.
Distributed ductile thinning during thrust emplacement: A commonly overlooked exhumation mechanism
Authors: Long Sean P. , Kohn Matthew J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Quantifying the processes that control exhumation is essential for understanding the evolution of mountain belts. In the Cordilleran orogen in Nevada (western United States), rocks exhumed in the Ruby–East Humboldt metamorphic core complex underwent 4 ± 2 kbar of decompression between 85 and 60 Ma, which has been interpreted as a consequence of synorogenic extension. However, evidence for significant normal faulting in this region prior to 45 Ma is lacking. Here, we present an alternative interpretation: that this decompression can be attributed to distributed ductile thinning (DDT) of mid-crustal metamorphic rocks above the basal Cordilleran décollement during eastward translation. Such a process has been documented within the Himalayan Main Central thrust sheet, which locally accommodated up to 15 km of DDT during Miocene translation. Other examples of DDT have been documented in the Alpine and Caledonian orogens (Europe), and the Sanbagawa belt (Japan). DDT may represent a widespread exhumation process that can account for a significant portion of the decompression path of deeply exhumed rocks. As a condition of strain compatibility, thrust-parallel stretching accompanying DDT is expected to enhance displacement magnitude in the transport direction, and is therefore an important component of the deformation field that must be considered for accurate assessment of mass balance in thrust systems.