bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in newspaper reporting of suicidal behavior in the WHO–South-East Asian region
Authors: Arafat S M Yasir , Menon Vikas , Bascarane Sharmi , Kar Sujita Kumar , Kabir Russell 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
South-East Asia is a densely populated region, comprising of 11 low- and middle-income countries and contributing to 39% of global suicides. There are serious challenges to suicide prevention in the region such as lack of high-quality suicide data, underreporting and poor quality of media reporting. The current report aimed to assess the variations in newspaper reporting of suicidal behavior in the World Health Organization–South-East Asian countries.

Methods
We analyzed the contents of nine research articles on media reporting of suicide, published from four South-East Asian countries (four from Bangladesh, three from India, one each from Indonesia and Bhutan) that used similar methods and presented results in a nearly similar fashion.

Results
Personal identifying information of the deceased was very frequently mentioned in the newspaper reports across the countries. Suicide notes were reported more commonly in India (9.5–18%) than Bangladesh (4.2–7.5%) and Indonesia (9.5%). No educative material was found in any of the newspaper reports of Bangladesh and Indonesia while it was rarely reported in Bhutan and India.

Conclusion
Our findings from the four South-East Asian countries suggest that there are variations between the countries while presenting the news reports of suicidal behavior. These findings would help to formulate and regulate the media guidelines for the specific country.
‘You Don't Have Any Business Being This Good’: An Oral History Interview with Bernardine Lacey
Authors: Lewenson Sandra B. , Graham-Perel Ashley 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Racism left an indelible mark on Bernardine Lacey and her professional growth as a nurse, including roles as an educator, political advocate, researcher, clinician, and leader. This article uses oral history methods to detail, in Lacey's own words, experiences from her childhood and early in her education and career. Her story allows for an exploration of some of the difficult truths about racism, the culpable role of nursing in this history, and the impact of historical accounts on the profession's current inclusivity and diversity efforts.
Investing in Nursing's Future
Authors: Hewlett Peggy O'Neill , Santolla Jan , Persaud Sabita Devi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:
Nursing leaders continue to struggle with capacity issues in both clinical and academic settings—particularly those related to aging patient and nurse populations and the increasing complexity of health care in general. Programs and resources for formal mentoring have primarily focused on mid- and advanced-career RNs, but there is an imperative to develop methods of expertly mentoring “professionally younger” RNs across all settings and roles. In 2017, the American Nurses Association (ANA) conducted an extensive member needs assessment with more than 15,000 respondents. Three distinct career-stage categories were identified: early-career nurses, up-and-comers, and nursing leaders. The early-career nurses and up-and-comers listed “being mentored” among their top two member benefit requests. In response, the ANA launched a national virtual mentorship program in September 2018. The program aligned with criteria, recommendations, and charges from the American Nurses Credentialing Center's 2019 Magnet Recognition Program; the landmark 2010 report from the Institute of Medicine (IOM), The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health; and a 2019 IOM consensus study, The Future of Nursing 2020-2030. This article provides a general overview of the program, including evaluation and modifications, and discusses implications of using the ANA's career-stage categories in virtual mentoring.
Efficacy of Pulsed Radiofrequency in Herpetic Neuralgia
Authors: Wu Chih-Yin , Lin Heng-Ching , Chen Shu-Fen , Chang Wen-Pei , Wang Chia-Hui , Tsai Jui-Chen , Lin Ying-Chin , Kao Yuan , Tam Ka-Wai 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) are often refractory to current standard treatments and can reduce patients’ quality of life (QoL). Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) effectively controls intractable neurological pain. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of PRF in PHN management.

Materials and Methods:
We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to October 2019. The primary outcomes were pain levels and rescue analgesia at different postintervention time intervals. The secondary outcomes were QoL and sleep quality.

Results:
We reviewed 6 RCTs involving 420 patients. The meta-analysis revealed that the PRF group exhibited significantly lower pain scores in PHN than did the control group at 2 to 3 days (weighted mean differences [WMD]=−2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.08 to −0.55), 1 week (WMD=−2.95; 95% CI: −4.53 to −1.37), 2 weeks (WMD=−3.17; 95% CI: −4.11 to −2.23), 4 weeks (WMD=−2.59; 95% CI: −3.40 to −1.79), 8 weeks (WMD=−3.02; 95% CI: −4.17 to −1.88), and 6 months (WMD=−1.94; 95% CI: −2.85 to −1.03). After intervention, QoL was significantly higher in the PRF group than in the control group. No major complications were reported.

Discussion:
PRF safely and effectively reduced pain scores and improved QoL in patients with herpes zoster in the cervical to lumbosacral areas. PRF could be considered during refractory PHN treatment. Future studies require standardized PRF settings and outcome assessment tools, including physical and emotional function assessments.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Dizziness Symptom Profile
Authors: Landon-Lane Renee L. , Piker Erin G. , Jacobson Gary P. , Hatton Kelsey , Roberts Richard A. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
This investigation was conducted to measure the test-retest reliability of the Dizziness Symptom Profile (DSP). The DSP was developed to assist primary care providers, general otolaryngologists, and other health care providers in the development of a differential diagnosis for patients who present with dizziness, vertigo, or unsteadiness. The DSP yields a score ranging from 0 to 100% for each of 7 subscales. Each subscale represents a different diagnosis including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Ménière’s disease, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD), superior semi-circular canal dehiscence, vestibular migraine, vestibular neuritis, and general unsteadiness.

Design:
Subjects were 150 adult patients (mean age 56.79 years, SD 15.69 years) referred to the Balance Disorders Clinic at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Subjects completed two administrations of the DSP. The mean interval between test administrations was 1.58 days (SD 1.78 days). The response modes for the DSP were both a 0 to 100 mm visual analog scale (scored 0 mm = “strongly disagree” to 100 mm = “strongly agree”) and, by extrapolation, the original 5-point Likert scale where the anchors were “strongly disagree” (scored 0 points) and “strongly agree” (scored 4 points).

Results:
Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess test-retest reliability for individual DSP items, and ranged from r = 0.67 to 0.91 (mean 0.80; p < 0.001). Cronbach’s α coefficients were calculated to assess internal consistency reliability of items comprising the seven subscales. Each subscale had an acceptable level of internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficients > 0.7) with the exception of PPPD which approached 0.7. Intraclass correlation coefficient estimates and their 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to assess the relative reliability of the subscales. All 7 subscales showed moderate to strong test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.85 to 0.94. Minimal detectable change (MDC) scores were calculated to assess absolute variability/measurement error for the seven subscale scores (which range from 0 to 100%). MDC values ranged from 16% (PPPD) to 25% (unsteadiness).

Conclusions:
(1) The test-retest reliability of the DSP is moderate to strong. (2) MDC values for each subscale were determined. (3) The DSP coupled with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory enables the clinician to evaluate the constructs of dizziness impairment, and disability/handicap. (4) The DSP may help provide a window to the natural history of dizziness disease(s). (5) The DSP provides a less biased assessment of the symptoms reported by the patient.
5-Fluorouracil Response Prediction and Blood Level–Guided Therapy in Oncology: Existing Evidence Fundamentally Supports Instigation
Authors: Chavani Ottiniel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) response prediction and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are required to minimize toxicity while preserving efficacy. Conventional 5-FU dose normalization uses body surface area. It is characterized by up to 100-fold interindividual variability of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, and typically >50% of patients have plasma 5-FU concentrations outside the optimal range. This underscores the need for a different dose rationalization paradigm, hence there is a case for 5-FU TDM. An association between 5-FU PK parameters and efficacy/toxicity has been established. It is believed that 5-FU response is enhanced and toxicity is reduced by PK management of its dosing. The area under the concentration–time curve is the most relevant PK parameter associated with 5-FU efficacy/toxicity, and optimal therapeutic windows have been proposed. Currently, there is no universally applied a priori test for predicting 5-FU response and identifying individuals with an elevated risk of toxicity. The following two-step strategy: prediction of response/toxicity and TDM for subsequent doses seems plausible. Approximately 80% of 5-FU is degraded in a three-step sequential metabolic pathway. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme. Its deficiency can cause toxicity with standard 5-FU doses. DPD also metabolizes uracil (U) into 5,6-dihydrouracil (UH2). The UH2/U ratio is an index of DPD activity and a credible biomarker of response and toxicity. This article outlines the UH2/U ratio as a parameter for 5-FU response/toxicity prediction and highlights key studies emphasizing the value of 5-FU TDM. Broad application of 5-FU response/toxicity prediction and blood level–guided therapy remains unmet, despite ever-increasing clinical interest. Considered collectively, existing evidence is compelling and fundamentally supports universal instigation of response/toxicity prediction and TDM.
Salting Out-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction for Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Measurement of Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, Everolimus, and Cyclosporine a in Whole Blood
Authors: Kvamsøe Marianne M. , Hansen Kristina R. , Skadberg Øyvind , Vethe Nils T. , Brede Cato 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of the immunosuppressants tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and cyclosporine A is effectively performed by analyzing whole-blood samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples are usually prepared using simple protein precipitation (PPT) with methanol and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4). Significant sample dilution is necessary to obtain clean extracts but may increase the limit of quantification of the method. Salting out–assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) was explored as a novel sample preparation method for measuring these drugs in blood.

Method:
SALLE, which simply consists of LLE with a water-miscible solvent where phase separation is achieved by adding salt, was used to analyze treated blood samples.

Results:
SALLE allowed direct injection of a 5-µL extract from the upper solvent phase into a reversed phase LC column, which would not be feasible using standard LLE. Compared with PPT, SALLE provided better extraction efficiencies and more ion enhancement, resulting in limit of quantification of 0.4, 1.4, 0.06, and 0.4 ng/mL for tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and cyclosporine A, respectively. Full-method validation was performed, including a comparison of results with those of another laboratory. A ≤10% bias was observed for tacrolimus and cyclosporine A, whereas further investigation of that for sirolimus (−12%) and everolimus (−18%) revealed that it was caused by the different calibrators used.

Conclusions:
This is the first report of the use of SALLE for the measurement of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus, and cyclosporine A in whole blood. The advantages of SALLE over PPT and conventional LLE would make it an attractive sample preparation method for clinical laboratories.
RETINAL DETACHMENT WITH INFERIOR RETINAL BREAKS
Authors: Starr Matthew R. , Obeid Anthony , Ryan Edwin H. , Ryan Claire , Ammar Michael , Patel Luv G. , Forbes Nora J. , Capone Antonio , Emerson Geoffrey G. , Joseph Daniel P. , Eliott Dean , Gupta Omesh P. , Regillo Carl D. , Hsu Jason , Yonekawa Yoshihiro ,   For the Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes (PRO) Study Group
Published: July 2020

Introduction:
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with inferior retinal breaks are believed to have a higher risk of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This study compared anatomic and visual outcomes between primary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and combination PPV with scleral buckle (PPV/SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with inferior retinal breaks.

Methods:
This is an analysis of the Primary Retinal Detachment Outcomes study, a multi-institutional cohort study of consecutive primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgeries from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2015. The primary outcome was single-surgery success rate. Only eyes with inferior retinal breaks (one break in the detached retina between five and seven o'clock) were included.

Results:
There were 238 eyes that met the inclusion criteria, 95 (40%) of which underwent primary PPV and 163 (60%) that underwent combined PPV/SB. The single-surgery success rate was 76.8% for PPV and 87.4% for PPV/SB (P = 0.0355). This remained significant on multivariate analysis (P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that a superior single-surgery success rate of PPV/SB was especially noted in phakic eyes (85.2% vs. 68.6%; P = 0.0464).

Conclusion:
Retinal detachment with inferior retinal breaks had a higher single-surgery success rate if treated with PPV/SB compared with PPV alone, particularly in phakic eyes.
The Early Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Functional Visual Acuity, Tear Functions, and the Ocular Surface
Authors: Simsek Cem , Kojima Takashi , Dogru Murat , Tanaka Mari , Takano Yoji , Wakamatsu Tais , Ibrahim Osama , Toda Ikuko , Negishi Kazuno , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
We investigated the early effects of alcohol intake on tear functions and ocular surface health in this prospective controlled study.

Methods:
Forty-four eyes of 22 subjects (17 males, 5 females; mean age: 35.3 years) who drank 200 mL of 25% Japanese vodka and 44 eyes of age- and sex-matched 22 control subjects who drank water were investigated. Subjects were requested to refrain from alcohol consumption from the previous day and food ingestion 6 hr before the study. Each subject consumed exactly the same order prepared dinner and same quantity of alcohol over the same time frame. Subjects underwent breath alcohol level, tear evaporation and blink rate, tear lipid layer interferometry, tear film break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and Rose Bengal stainings, Schirmer test, and visual analog scale (VAS) evaluation of dry eye symptoms before, as well as 2 and 12 hr after alcohol intake.

Results:
The mean breath alcohol level was significantly higher in the alcohol group compared to the water group at 2 and 12 hr (P<0.001). The mean tear evaporation increased significantly from 2.5×10−7 to 8.8×10−7 gr/cm2/sec 12 hr after alcohol intake (P<0.001). The mean BUT shortened significantly from 15.0±5.0 to 5.0±2.5 sec 12 hr after alcohol intake. Lipid layer interferometry showed signs of tear film thinning 12 hr after alcohol intake in all subjects of the alcohol intake group, which was not observed in the water group. The mean blink rates increased significantly from 10.6±1.5 blinks/min to 13.5±0.9 blinks/min and 15.1±1.2 blinks/min at 2 and 12 hr, respectively, in the alcohol group (P<0.001). The Schirmer test values decreased significantly 12 hr after alcohol intake (P<0.001). The mean VAS score for dryness increased from baseline significantly in the alcohol group at 12 hr (P<0.001). No significant time-wise changes in tear functions were observed in the water group.

Conclusion:
The tear film and ocular surface epithelia showed early and distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes associated with visual disturbances after alcohol intake.
Should Overnight Orthokeratology Patients Wear Their Lenses During Their Afternoon Nap?
Authors: Pérez-Corral Joan , Cardona Genis , Piñero David P. , Aradilla Yolanda , García Mireia 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in visual acuity, corneal curvature, elevation, pachymetry, and objective quality of vision of experienced orthokeratology patients using their contact lenses during a simulated 30-min afternoon nap.

Method:
Twelve patients aged 30.8±8.3 years were recruited for the study, with a history of overnight orthokeratology of 27.4±23.0 months. Patients were instructed to close their eyes for 30 min while wearing their contact lenses or without lenses. Anterior corneal curvature, elevation, and corneal pachymetry were assessed with the Pentacam Scheimpflug System at 17 predefined corneal locations, and the HD Analyzer (Terrassa, Spain) was used to measure objective quality of vision. Measurements were conducted before eye closure (baseline), immediately after eye opening/lens removal (M1), and 30 min later (M2).

Results:
No statistically significant differences were found in anterior corneal curvature and elevation between baseline values and M1 or M2, with and without contact lenses. Corneal swelling at M1 was greater without contact lenses (change in central corneal thickness of 2.3%±3.1%, P=0.001) than with contact lenses (1.7%±1.3%, P<0.001). Recovery at M2 was slower when lenses were worn. A statistically significant improvement in objective quality of vision and visual acuity was found only when patients napped with their lenses.

Conclusions:
Even if no significant changes were found in corneal curvature and elevation, patients of overnight orthokeratology may benefit from using their contact lenses during their afternoon nap in terms of objective quality of vision and visual acuity.
The predictive value of quantitative sensory testing: a systematic review on chronic postoperative pain and the analgesic effect of pharmacological therapies in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Petersen Kristian Kjær , Vaegter Henrik B. , Stubhaug Audun , Wolff André , Scammell Brigitte E. , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Larsen Dennis B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Studies have suggested that quantitative sensory testing (QST) might hold a predictive value for the development of chronic postoperative pain and the response to pharmacological interventions. This review systematically summarizes the current evidence on the predictive value of QST for chronic postoperative pain and the effect of pharmacological interventions. The main outcome measures were posttreatment pain intensity, pain relief, presence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, responders of 30% and 50% pain relief, or validated questionnaires on pain and disability. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE yielded 25 studies on surgical interventions and 11 on pharmacological interventions. Seventeen surgical and 11 pharmacological studies reported an association between preoperative or pretreatment QST and chronic postoperative pain or analgesic effect. The most commonly assessed QST modalities were pressure stimuli (17 studies), temporal summation of pain (TSP, 14 studies), and conditioned pain modulation (CPM, 16 studies). Of those, the dynamic QST parameters TSP (50%) and CPM (44%) were most frequently associated with chronic postoperative pain and analgesic effects. A large heterogeneity in methods for assessing TSP (n = 4) and CPM (n = 7) was found. Overall, most studies demonstrated low-to-moderate levels of risk of bias in study design, attrition, prognostic factors, outcome, and statistical analyses. This systematic review demonstrates that TSP and CPM show the most consistent predictive values for chronic postoperative pain and analgesic effect, but the heterogeneous methodologies reduce the generalizability and hence call for methodological guidelines.
Association between Visceral Adiposity Index and hypertension among Chinese Adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study in the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Yang Jing , Li Hongxia , Han Lianhua , Zhang Lei , Zhou Yafeng 
Published: July 2020

Background
Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is an indicator of visceral adipose function. It showed an intense association with cardiometabolic risks, but it is unclear whether VAI is associated with hypertension.

Objective
We aim to determine the association of VAI with hypertension in Chinese adults.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 5421 Chinese adults based on data which was from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression were performed to confirm the association.

Results
In multivariable logistic regression analysis, there was a dose-response association between VAI and the risk of incident hypertension (P for trend <0.01). The sex and age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for the development of hypertension were 1.06 (0.90–1.26) in the second, 1.09 (0.92–1.29) in the third, and 1.28 (1.08–1.52) in the fourth VAI quartile, compared to the first quartile. The multivariable linear regression analysis indicated that VAI was positive association with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.13–0.62; P = 0.0028) and diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.12–0.40; P = 0.0004). The subgroup analysis showed that VAI had more positive association with hypertension in participants with an apolipoprotein A1 of ≥1.2 g/L (P = 0.0115) or a hemoglobin A1c of ≥6.5% (P = 0.0369).

Conclusions
VAI was positively associated with hypertension among the Chinese adult population, and it may assume an indicator of hypertension risk for the Chinese population.
Frailty in patients with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Guler Sabina A. , Ryerson Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose of review
The incidence of age-related diseases such as interstitial lung disease (ILD) is rising, and the importance of multimorbidity and accumulation of health deficits in patients with chronic lung diseases is increasingly recognized. There are multiple relationships between aging and ILD on a demographic and a biological level. Frailty conceptualizes the decline of a patient's physiological reserves and complements the chronological and biological aspects of aging.

Recent findings
Frailty affects more than 50% of patients with ILD, with respiratory impairment, accelerated biological aging, comorbidities, medication adverse effects, and social factors collectively playing important roles. Frailty is an independent risk factor for adverse health outcomes such as hospitalizations and early mortality, including before and after lung transplant. Given the multicomponent determinants of frailty, programs such as pulmonary rehabilitation are promising strategies for managing this complex issue.

Summary
Frailty is a common risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with ILD. The multiple pathways leading to frailty are not completely understood, and further studies are needed to determine the optimal tools for assessment and to develop strategies to prevent and counteract frailty in the aging ILD population.