bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An international survey on the clinical use of rigid and deformable image registration in radiotherapy
Authors: Yuen Johnson , Barber Jeffrey , Ralston Anna , Gray Alison , Walker Amy , Hardcastle Nicholas , Schmidt Laurel , Harrison Kristie , Poder Joel , Sykes Jonathan R. , Jameson Michael G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesRigid image registration (RIR) and deformable image registration (DIR) are widely used in radiotherapy. This project aims to capture current international approaches to image registration.MethodsA survey was designed to identify variations in use, resources, implementation, and decision‐making criteria for clinical image registration. This was distributed to radiotherapy centers internationally in 2018.ResultsThere were 57 responses internationally, from the Americas (46%), Australia/New Zealand (32%), Europe (12%), and Asia (10%). Rigid image registration and DIR were used clinically for computed tomography (CT)‐CT registration (96% and 51%, respectively), followed by CT‐PET (81% and 47%), CT‐CBCT (84% and 19%), CT‐MR (93% and 19%), MR‐MR (49% and 5%), and CT‐US (9% and 0%). Respondent centers performed DIR using dedicated software (75%) and treatment planning systems (29%), with 84% having some form of DIR software. Centers have clinically implemented DIR for atlas‐based segmentation (47%), multi‐modality treatment planning (65%), and dose deformation (63%). The clinical use of DIR for multi‐modality treatment planning and accounting for retreatments was considered to have the highest benefit‐to‐risk ratio (69% and 67%, respectively).ConclusionsThis survey data provides useful insights on where, when, and how image registration has been implemented in radiotherapy centers around the world. DIR is mainly in clinical use for CT‐CT (51%) and CT‐PET (47%) for the head and neck (43–57% over all use cases) region. The highest benefit‐risk ratio for clinical use of DIR was for multi‐modality treatment planning and accounting for retreatments, which also had higher clinical use than for adaptive radiotherapy and atlas‐based segmentation.
Coating Thickness Controls Crystallinity and Enables Homoepitaxial Growth of Ultra‐Thin‐Channel Blade‐Coated In2O3 Transistors
Authors: Kirmani Ahmad R. , Chen Huilang , Stafford Christopher M. , Bittle Emily G. , Richter Lee J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScalable, solution‐deposited metal oxide (MO) thin films could enable low‐cost, flexible, large‐area electronics; however, the poor morphology of the typically polycrystalline films limits performance. It is demonstrated that optimized coating thickness leads to high‐quality crystalline films in blade‐coated indium oxide (In2O3) ultra‐thin‐film (8 nm) transistors (TFTs). TFTs are fabricated with total channel thickness ranging from 2 to 16 nm via varied multistep processes. Transport in channels fabricated from sequential, thin (≤4 nm) coatings significantly exceeds that from thicker coatings. A marked change is found in the In2O3 crystal texture with coating thickness. Single, thin coatings ≤4 nm produce smooth films with strong (111) texture while thicker coatings are rougher and exhibit little texture. Sequential thin coatings exhibit homoepitaxy. In addition to the improved transport due to the smooth, aligned films, it is found that deposition of sequential thin layers leads to the highest mobility, with either In2O3 or ZnO as the overcoat. This suggests defects at the air interface of the initial thin films limit performance. Optimizing coating thickness and sequence, it is demonstrated 8 nm thick channel In2O3 TFTs exhibiting percolation conduction with an impressive average saturation electron mobility (μsat) of (36.1 ± 0.9) cm2 V−1 s−1 (best‐performing device of 58.0 cm2 V−1 s−1).
Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome: A case series from India
Authors: Chaudhry Chakshu , Kaur Anit , Panigrahi Inusha , Kaur Anupriya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) (OMIM#194190) is a contiguous gene syndrome with estimated prevalence being around 1 in 50,000 births. The syndrome is caused by deletion of a critical region (Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome Critical region—WHSCR) on chromosome 4p16.3. Its core features are typical facial gestalt, growth retardation, intellectual disability, or developmental delay and seizures. We describe four patients, each highlighting a different aspect of this syndrome. One patient was detected by karyotype where a large deletion was identified. Three other children were diagnosed after targeted multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) where heterozygous deletion of the probes on chromosome 4p16.3 were identified. One of these children additionally had heterozygous duplication of the probe for chromosome band 5p13.3. Less than half of the patients can be identified by conventional cytogenetics and molecular cytogenetic testing should be offered for diagnosis. Karyotyping of the parents should always be offered in a child with WHS.
Centralizing a national pancreatoduodenectomy service: striking the right balance
Authors: Nymo L S , Kleive D , Waardal K , Bringeland E A , Søreide J A , Labori K J , Mortensen K E , Søreide K , Lassen K 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Centralization of pancreatic surgery is currently called for owing to superior outcomes in higher-volume centres. Conversely, organizational and patient concerns speak for a moderation in centralization. Consensus on the optimal balance has not yet been reached. This observational study presents a volume–outcome analysis of a complete national cohort in a health system with long-standing centralization.

Methods
Data for all pancreatoduodenectomies in Norway in 2015 and 2016 were identified through a national quality registry and completed through electronic patient journals. Hospitals were dichotomized (high-volume (40 or more procedures/year) or medium–low-volume).

Results
Some 394 procedures were performed (201 in high-volume and 193 in medium–low-volume units). Major postoperative complications occurred in 125 patients (31·7 per cent). A clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 66 patients (16·8 per cent). Some 17 patients (4·3 per cent) died within 90 days, and the failure-to-rescue rate was 13·6 per cent (17 of 125 patients). In multivariable comparison with the high-volume centre, medium–low-volume units had similar overall complication rates, lower 90-day mortality (odds ratio 0·24, 95 per cent c.i. 0·07 to 0·82) and no tendency for a higher failure-to-rescue rate.

Conclusion
Centralization beyond medium volume will probably not improve on 90-day mortality or failure-to-rescue rates after pancreatoduodenectomy.
Incidence and lesions causative of delusional misidentification syndrome after stroke
Authors: Kakegawa Yasuro , Isono Osamu , Hanada Keisuke , Nishikawa Takashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo better elucidate the symptomatology and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying delusional misidentification syndrome (DMS), we investigated the incidence rate and symptomatic features of DMS following stroke and relationships among DMS, other neuropsychological symptoms, and lesion locations.MethodsThe present study included 874 consecutive patients (371 women; mean age ± standard deviation = 72.2 ± 11.7 years) who were admitted to the rehabilitation wards at two hospitals within 2 months of their first stroke. We examined the clinical features and lesion sites of patients with DMS and compared them with those of a control group of patients with hemi‐spatial neglect without DMS using voxel‐based lesion–symptom mapping (VLSM).ResultsAmong the 874 patients who experienced a stroke, we observed 10 cases of Fregoli syndrome. No other DMS subtypes were observed; however, eight patients exhibited somatoparaphrenia (five of them also had Fregoli syndrome) and one also exhibited reduplicative paramnesia. Right hemispheric lesions were found in all 10 cases. VLSM revealed statistically significant overlapping lesion sites specifically related to Fregoli syndrome when compared with the control group. The sites included the insula, inferior frontal lobe, anterior temporal lobe, and subcortical limbic system in the right hemisphere (i.e., areas connected by the uncinate fasciculus).ConclusionThe DMS incidence was 1.1% among patients after stroke. All patients had Fregoli syndrome and half had somatoparaphrenia, suggesting that the two syndromes share an underlying pathology. Lesions found with Fregoli syndrome were concentrated around the right uncinate fasciculus; this has not been reported in previous research.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy vs conventionally fractionated chemoradiation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer: A multicenter case‐control study (PAULA‐1)
Authors: Arcelli Alessandra , Buwenge Milly , Macchia Gabriella , Bertini Federica , Guido Alessandra , Deodato Francesco , Cilla Savino , Scotti Valerio , Rosetto Maria Elena , Djan Igor , Parisi Salvatore , Mattiucci Gian Carlo , Cellini Francesco , Fiore Michele , Bonomo Pierluigi , Belgioia Liliana , Niespolo Rita Marina , Gabriele Pietro , Di Marco Mariacristina , Simoni Nicola , Mazzarotto Renzo , Morganti Alessio Giuseppe ,   the AIRO (Italian Association of Radiation Oncology and Clinical Oncology) Gastrointestinal Study Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractConventionally fractionated chemoradiation (CRT) or chemotherapy (CHT) are considered as standard options in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) while stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment in this setting. The aim of this study was to compare two cohorts of LAPC patients treated with SBRT ± CHT vs CRT ± CHT in terms of local control (LC), distant metastases‐free survival (DMFS), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. Eighty patients were included. Patients in the two cohorts were matched according to: age ≤/>65 years, tumor diameter (two cut‐offs: </≥3.0 and </≥3.9 cm), clinical tumor stage and clinical nodal stage, neoadjuvant CHT, and adjuvant CHT. Median prescribed total dose was 30.0 Gy (range: 18.0‐37.5) and 54.0 Gy (18.0‐63.0) in SBRT and CRT cohorts, respectively. Toxicity was evaluated by CTCAE v4.0 scale. Survival curves were calculated by Kaplan‐Meier method. For hypothesis testing an equivalence and a non‐inferiority test was calculated. No statistically significant differences in terms of acute and late toxicity, DMFS, PFS, and OS were recorded among the two cohorts. Median, 1‐, and 2‐year LC was: 16.0 months, 53.1%, and 40.5% in the CRT cohort and 22.0 months, 80.4%, and 49.8% in the SBRT cohort, respectively (P: .017). A statistically non‐inferiority significance was recorded in terms of OS between CRT and SBRT (P = .031). Patients treated with SBRT showed higher LC rate and similar OS compared to CRT. Therefore, the design of confirmatory randomized studies comparing SBRT and CRT seems justified.
The impact of static wind load on the mechanical integrity of different commercially available mono‐crystalline photovoltaic modules
Authors: Gul Rizwan M. , Kamran Muhammad Ali , Zafar Fahad Ullah , Noman Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanical integrity of Photovoltaic (PV) modules, which is dependent upon the materials used and the manufacturing process, plays an important role in their performance and electrical output. Besides, the mechanical integrity of the modules is also affected by environmental conditions. Mechanical loads, which include loads produced by wind, snow, rain, and hail, tend to degrade the performance of the PV module by generating stresses and enhancing micro cracks and defects. This research aims to investigate the impact of wind loads on the performance degradation of PV modules. The overall objective was to investigate the reliability of modules available in Pakistan. Wind loads were simulated through an indigenously developed setup which allowed application of uniform load of 2400 Pa on the modules as per international standards (IEC 61215 and ASTM E1830‐15). A total of 12 PV modules, from three different vendors, each of 50 W rated power, were subjected to solar flash testing and electroluminescence imaging before and after the application of three cycles of mechanical load test. Greatest effect of wind loads was observed for modules which had defects present prior to the application of load. A maximum drop of 3.19% in the power output and 8.24% increase in the series resistance was observed. The results highlight that wind load has the ability to initiate cracks, propagate the pre‐existing ones as well as damage the grid fingers.
Redox‐Initiated Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene using PPEGMA‐Based Macro‐RAFT Agent
Authors: Park Mirim , Kim Kyungho , Mohanty Aruna Kumar , Cho Hong Y. , Lee Hana , Kang Yuyeong , Seo Bongkuk , Lee Wonjoo , Jeon Heung Bae , Paik Hyun‐jong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRedox‐initiated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerizations are successfully conducted with an employment of trithiocarbonate‐based macro‐RAFT agents and surfactant. Two macro‐RAFT agents—hydrophilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA27) and amphiphilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)‐b‐polystyrene (PPEGMA27‐b‐PS33)— are examined for the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene. The use of PPEGMA27 (in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) results in a slow polymerization rate with a broad particle size. In the absence of SDS, the use of PPEGMA27‐b‐PS33 results in a broad particle size distribution due to its inability to form uniform initial droplets whereas the same amphiphilic block copolymer in the presence of SDS yields resulting products with a uniform particle size distribution. The latter exhibits a fashion of controlled polymerization with a high consumption of monomer (98% in 100 min) and a narrow molecular weight distribution throughout the polymerization. This is attributed to the formation of uniform droplets facilitated by SDS in a miniemulsion. The amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agent is able to anchor efficiently on the monomer droplet or particle/water interface and form stabilized particles of well‐defined PPEGMA27‐b‐PS block copolymer, confirmed using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron micrographs.
Noradrenaline enhances the excitatory effects of dopamine on medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons in rats
Authors: Shinohara Fumiya , Arakaki Saya , Amano Taiju , Minami Masabumi , Kaneda Katsuyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimOur previous studies showed that exposure to acute restraint stress enhanced cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference (cocaine‐CPP) and suggested the possibility that co‐activation of adrenergic transmission boosts the increase in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neuronal activity by the activation of dopaminergic transmission. To examine this possibility, the effects of the co‐treatment with dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) on mPFC neurons were compared with those of treatment with DA alone using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings.MethodsThe effects of DA alone and a mixture of DA and NA on the membrane potentials and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) were examined by electrophysiological recordings of mPFC pyramidal neurons in brain slices of male Sprague Dawley rats. Extracellular DA and NA levels in the mPFC during and after restraint stress exposure were also examined by in vivo microdialysis.ResultsDopamine significantly produced depolarizing effects on mPFC neurons and tended to increase sEPSC frequency. Co‐administration of NA with DA produced stronger depolarizing effects and significantly increased sEPSC frequency. The findings suggest that the additional depolarizing effect of NA on DA‐responsive neurons, rather than the excitation of DA‐nonresponsive neurons by NA, contributes to the stronger effect of co‐treatment of NA with DA.ConclusionThe present study suggests that NA released by restraint stress exposure cooperates with DA to stimulate DA‐responsive neurons in the mPFC, thereby causing the stress‐induced enhancement of cocaine‐CPP.
Psychological correlates of physical activity and exercise preferences in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan cancer survivors
Authors: Maxwell‐Smith Chloe , Hagger Martin S. , Kane Robert , Cohen Paul A. , Tan Jason , Platell Cameron , Makin Gregory Bryan , Saunders Christobel , Nightingale Sophie , Lynch Craig , Sardelic Frank , McCormick Jacob , Hardcastle Sarah J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveInterventions to increase physical activity (PA) in cancer survivors have often adopted a “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach and may benefit from being tailored to psychological constructs associated with behavior. The study objective was to investigate the exercise preferences and psychological constructs related to PA among cancer survivors.MethodsPosttreatment colorectal, endometrial, and breast cancer survivors (n = 183) living in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas completed survey measures of PA, exercise preferences, attitudes, self‐efficacy, perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intention toward PA.ResultsA structural equation model with adequate fit and quality indices revealed that instrumental attitude and self‐efficacy were related to PA intention. Intention was related to behavior and mediated the relationship between self‐efficacy and behavior. Preferred exercise intensity was related to self‐efficacy, PBC, attitudes, and intention, while preferred exercise company was related to self‐efficacy and PBC. Participants preferred moderate‐intensity PA (71%), specifically self‐paced (52%) walking (65%) in an outdoor environment (58%).ConclusionsSince instrumental attitude and self‐efficacy were associated with PA, incorporating persuasive communications targeting attitudes in PA interventions may promote PA participation. As cancer survivors who prefer low‐intensity exercise and exercising with others report lower self‐efficacy and PBC, interventions targeting confidence and successful experience in this group may also be warranted.
Catalytic activity of water molecules in gas‐phase glycine dimerization
Authors: Gale Ariel G. , Odbadrakh Tuguldur T. , Shields George C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe dimerization of glycine is the simplest oligomerization of amino acids and plays an important role in biology. Although this reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable in the aqueous phase, it has been shown to be spontaneous in the gas phase and proceeds via two different concerted reaction mechanisms known as cis and trans. This may have profound implications in prebiotic chemistry as common atmospheric prenucleation clusters are thought to have participated in gas‐phase reactions in the early Earth's atmosphere. We hypothesize that particular arrangements of water molecules in these clusters could lead to lowering of the reaction barrier of amino acid dimerization and could lead to abiotic catalysis toward polypeptides. We test our hypothesis on a system of the cis transition state of glycine dimerization solvated by one to five water molecules using a combination of a genetic algorithm‐based configurational sampling, density functional theory geometries, and domain‐based local pair natural orbital coupled‐cluster electronic structure. First, we discuss the validity of the model chemistries used to obtain our results. Then, we show that the Gibbs free energy barrier for the concerted cis mechanism can indeed be lowered by the addition of up to five water molecules, depending on the temperature.
Framework for creating storytelling materials to promote African American/Black adult enrollment in research on Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
Authors: Robinson Renã A. S. , Williams Ishan C. , Cameron Judy L. , Ward Keisha , Knox Melissa , Terry Melita , Tamres Lisa , Mbawuike Uchenna , Garrett Marita , Lingler Jennifer H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionAfrican American/Black adults are severely underrepresented in basic, clinical, and behavioral research studies in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). Innovative, evidence‐based, and culturally salient strategies can maximize the recruitment of African American/Black adults into ADRD research.MethodsWe conducted and analyzed semi‐structured interviews to capture the research participation stories of African American/Black participants and study partners from the University of Pittsburgh's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The themes and messaging principles generated through this process informed the development of video‐ and text‐based materials that were evaluated for community member acceptance using focus groups.ResultsFocus group individuals (N = 36) generally favorably rated the video and text materials, characterizing them as “interesting,” “realistic,” and “convincing.”DiscussionCapturing the narratives of African American/Black research participants is a critical component to developing culturally relevant materials for broader dissemination and is essential to advancing beyond information‐only recruitment approaches, which tend to rely disproportionately on negative messages.
Epistaxis und antithrombotische Medikation: eine Analyse der Daten einer gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung in Niedersachsen
Authors: Althaus A. E. , Arendt U. , Hoffmann F. , Lüske J. , Freitag M. H. , Jobski K. , Dörks M. 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Epistaxis ist ein häufiges Symptom in der Arztpraxis und assoziiert mit verschiedenen Komorbiditäten und Medikamenten, insbesondere Antikoagulanzien. Trotz ihrer Alltäglichkeit gibt es nur wenige Daten zur Häufigkeit ihres Auftretens und möglichen Risikofaktoren.

Methoden
Die Studie untersuchte anhand einer großen Patientenpopulation (AOK Niedersachsen) über 10 Jahre (2007–2016) die Versorgung von Epistaxis in Niedersachsen. Alter bei Diagnose, Begleitmedikation und Komorbiditäten wurden analysiert und die Prävalenz dargestellt.

Ergebnisse
162.167 Versicherte der AOK Niedersachen wurden zwischen 2007 und 2016 aufgrund einer Epistaxis in 308.947 Fällen ärztlich vorstellig. Die meisten Patienten wurden ausschließlich ambulant behandelt (96,6 %). Über den Studienzeitraum stieg die Prävalenz um 21 % (Anstieg von 8,7 auf 9,3 pro 1000 Versicherte/Jahr) bei stabiler Prävalenz für stationäre Vorstellungen (0,2 pro 1000 Versicherte/Jahr). Die höchsten Prävalenzen fanden sich bei Personen bis 20 und über 80 Jahre. In 17,5 % aller Epistaxisfälle wurden Antithrombotika erfasst (9,5 % orale Antikoagulanzien). Über den Studienzeitraum konnte eine erhöhte Verschreibung von Antikoagulanzien (7,7 % in 2007 auf 11,8 % in 2016, insbesondere NOAK) dokumentiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Neben der arteriellen Hypertonie, dem männlichen Geschlecht sowie der typischen Altersverteilung bestand auch häufig eine Medikation mit Antikoagulanzien. Über den untersuchten Zeitraum zeigte sich eine Zunahme von Epistaxisfällen bei gleichzeitig ansteigender Verschreibungshäufigkeit von NOAK, nicht jedoch von schweren hospitalisationsbedürftigen Epistaxisfällen. Eine abschließende Beurteilung hinsichtlich eines möglichen kausalen Zusammenhangs muss in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.