bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavelet–Fourier CORSING techniques for multidimensional advection–diffusion–reaction equations
Authors: Brugiapaglia S , Micheletti S , Nobile F , Perotto S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present and analyze a novel wavelet–Fourier technique for the numerical treatment of multidimensional advection–diffusion–reaction equations based on the COmpRessed SolvING (CORSING) paradigm. Combining the Petrov–Galerkin technique with the compressed sensing approach the proposed method is able to approximate the largest coefficients of the solution with respect to a biorthogonal wavelet basis. Namely, we assemble a compressed discretization based on randomized subsampling of the Fourier test space and we employ sparse recovery techniques to approximate the solution to the partial differential equation (PDE). In this paper we provide the first rigorous recovery error bounds and effective recipes for the implementation of the CORSING technique in the multidimensional setting. Our theoretical analysis relies on new estimates for the local $a$-coherence, which measures interferences between wavelet and Fourier basis functions with respect to the metric induced by the PDE operator. The stability and robustness of the proposed scheme are shown by numerical illustrations in the one-, two- and three-dimensional cases.
Fast algorithm for the three-dimensional Poisson equation in infinite domains
Authors: Zheng Chunxiong , Ma Xiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a fast finite element method for the three-dimensional Poisson equation in infinite domains. Both the exterior problem and the strip-tail problem are considered. Exact Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN)-type artificial boundary conditions (ABCs) are derived to reduce the original infinite-domain problems to suitable truncated-domain problems. Based on the best relative Chebyshev approximation for the square-root function, a fast algorithm is developed to approximate exact ABCs. One remarkable advantage is that one need not compute the full eigensystem associated with the surface Laplacian operator on artificial boundaries. In addition, compared with the modal expansion method and the method based on Pad$\acute{\textrm{e}}$ approximation for the square-root function, the computational cost of the DtN mapping is further reduced. An error analysis is performed and numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Curative Activity of Insecticides Used to Control Spotted-Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Tart Cherry Productions
Authors: Andika Ignatius Putra , Vandervoort Christine , Wise John C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura) is a major pest of soft-skinned fruit and due to the low infestation tolerance for marketable fruit, growers take preventive actions to hinder spotted-wing drosophila damages. Insecticides application is one of the measures taken by growers. Although intensive spraying programs have been used to manage spotted-wing drosophila, its early infestation, rapid reproduction, and vast range of host have caused damage to still occur in fruit, including tart cherries, Prunus ceraus (Linnaeus). Therefore, there is a merit for information on insecticide’s curative activity to understand whether sprays manage spotted-wing drosophila individuals within infested fruit. Tart cherry fruit were exposed to spotted-wing drosophila adults for 3 d. After this infestation period, insecticides were applied 1 and 3 d later. Small larvae, large larvae, and pupae were counted 9 d after initial infestation. A parallel set of insecticide-treated tart cherries were subjected to residue analysis. Phosmet and spinetoram were able to reduced live spotted-wing drosophila counts compared with the control at all life stages and insecticide application times, whereas zeta-cypermethrin, acetamiprid, and cyantraniliprole were less consistent in reducing spotted-wing drosophila numbers. Chromobacterium subtsugae demonstrated no curative action. Residue analysis demonstrated that zeta-cypermethrin residues mostly remained on fruit surface. Small portions of phosmet, spinetoram, and cyantraniliprole were able to penetrate fruit surfaces and move into subsurface tissues. Acetamiprid was the only compound which &gt;47% penetrated into the fruit subsurface consistently across both years. Curative activity demonstrated in this study can provide additional tactics for spotted-wing drosophila management in tart cherry Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs.
Ultraviolet vision in Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)
Authors: McDonald Brandon , Geiger Bryce , Vrla Sarah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKnowledge of a species’ visual system has far reaching implications that affect our understanding of a species’ ecology and evolutionary history. As a model taxon, the heteromyid rodent genus Dipodomys has been valuable in elucidating patterns and mechanisms in biomechanics, ecology, adaptive physiology, biogeography, and more. Although studied extensively, the visual system of Dipodomys has not been described beyond anecdotal mention of their large eyes. Here, the transmittance parameters of the cornea and lens of Ord’s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii) were analyzed and photoreceptor proteins (opsins) expressed in the retina were identified with immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling. Retina maps were constructed to illustrate the relative densities of photoreceptor cells expressing short wavelength (SWS1) opsins, middle/long wavelength (MW/LW) opsins, and rhodopsin (RH1). The retina of D. ordii has variable densities of SWS1 opsin with the highest density being ventral to the optic nerve, high density of MW/LW opsin, and uniform distribution and high density of RH1 across the retina. Our results suggest that D. ordii has a UV-sensitive visual system. Composition and densities of MW/LW- and SWS1-expressing cells resemble that of a crepuscular/diurnal species thereby supporting previous authors who have reported such activity patterns. Uniform retinal distribution of RH1 indicates visual acuity at night, also confirming the paradigm of D. ordii as primarily a nocturnal species and suggesting visual acuity at all times of the day in the species. These results demonstrate not only that the species is capable of UV vision and has a retina characteristic of a diurnal mammal, but that many previously unknown photic niche selective advantages likely have shaped the evolution and ecology of this model taxon.
Distribution and Occurrence of Amblyomma maculatum sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae), Arizona and New Mexico, 2017–2019
Authors: Hecht Joy A , Allerdice Michelle E J , Karpathy Sandor E , Yaglom Hayley D , Casal Mariana , Lash R Ryan , Delgado-de la Mora Jesus , Licona-Enriquez Jesus D , Delgado-de la Mora David , Groschupf Kathleen , Mertins James W , Moors Amanda , Swann Don E , Paddock Christopher D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Amblyomma maculatum Koch sensu lato (s.l.) ticks are the vector of Rickettsia parkeri in Arizona, where nine cases of R. parkeri rickettsiosis have been identified since the initial case in 2014. The current study sought to better define the geographic ranges of the vector and pathogen and to assess the potential public health risk posed by R. parkeri in this region of the southwestern United States. A total of 275 A. maculatum s.l. ticks were collected from 34 locations in four counties in Arizona and one county in New Mexico and screened for DNA of Rickettsia species. Rickettsia parkeri was detected in 20.4% of the ticks, including one specimen collected from New Mexico, the first report of R. parkeri in A. maculatum s.l. from this state. This work demonstrates a broader distribution of A. maculatum s.l. ticks and R. parkeri in the southwestern United States than appreciated previously to suggest that R. parkeri rickettsiosis is underrecognized in this region.
An occult case of the first branchial cleft anomaly
Authors: Muranishi Yumi , Nishimoto Soh , Kawai Kenichiro , Ishise Hisako , Kakibuchi Masao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe report a case of the first branchial cleft anomaly, clinically typical but occult in images and pathology. An 8-year-old female who had an induration below her right mandibular angle was referred to our department with a diagnosis of an infectious epidermal cyst. CT and MRI had shown no evidence of fistula or cyst. At the initial operation, a string structure was observed, but pathologically no epithelial structure was observed. However, the infection at the same site repeated and the symptoms became more severe than before. Considering a high probability of the first branchial anomaly, partial parotidectomy was performed as radical surgery. A cord structure attached to subcutaneous tissue at the intertragal notch was found. Although no epithelial component in the pathology was detected, this string structure was clinically considered as the rudimentary form of the first branchial anomaly.
The LSST DESC data challenge 1: generation and analysis of synthetic images for next-generation surveys
Authors: Sánchez J , Walter C W , Awan H , Chiang J , Daniel S F , Gawiser E , Glanzman T , Kirkby D , Mandelbaum R , Slosar A , Wood-Vasey W M , AlSayyad Y , Burke C J , Digel S W , Jarvis M , Johnson T , Kelly H , Krughoff S , Lupton R H , Marshall P J , Peterson J R , Price P A , Sembroski G , Van Klaveren B , Wiesner M P , Xin B ,   The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Data Challenge 1 (DC1) is the first synthetic data set produced by the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration (DESC). DC1 is designed to develop and validate data reduction and analysis and to study the impact of systematic effects that will affect the LSST data set. DC1 is comprised of r-band observations of 40 deg2 to 10 yr LSST depth. We present each stage of the simulation and analysis process: (a) generation, by synthesizing sources from cosmological N-body simulations in individual sensor-visit images with different observing conditions; (b) reduction using a development version of the LSST Science Pipelines; and (c) matching to the input cosmological catalogue for validation and testing. We verify that testable LSST requirements pass within the fidelity of DC1. We establish a selection procedure that produces a sufficiently clean extragalactic sample for clustering analyses and we discuss residual sample contamination, including contributions from inefficiency in star–galaxy separation and imperfect deblending. We compute the galaxy power spectrum on the simulated field and conclude that: (i) survey properties have an impact of 50 per cent of the statistical uncertainty for the scales and models used in DC1; (ii) a selection to eliminate artefacts in the catalogues is necessary to avoid biases in the measured clustering; and (iii) the presence of bright objects has a significant impact (2σ–6σ) in the estimated power spectra at small scales (ℓ &gt; 1200), highlighting the impact of blending in studies at small angular scales in LSST.
The formation of ultradiffuse galaxies in the RomulusC galaxy cluster simulation
Authors: Tremmel M , Wright A C , Brooks A M , Munshi F , Nagai D , Quinn T R 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We study the origins of 122 ultradiffuse galaxies (UDGs) in the Romulus c zoom-in cosmological simulation of a galaxy cluster (M200 = 1.15 × 1014 M⊙), one of the only such simulations capable of resolving the evolution and structure of dwarf galaxies (M⋆ &lt; 109 M⊙). We find broad agreement with observed cluster UDGs and predict that they are not separate from the overall cluster dwarf population. UDGs in cluster environments form primarily from dwarf galaxies that experienced early cluster in-fall and subsequent quenching due to ram pressure. The ensuing dimming of these dwarf galaxies due to passive stellar evolution results in a population of very low surface brightness galaxies that are otherwise typical dwarfs. UDGs and non-UDGs alike are affected by tidal interactions with the cluster potential. Tidal stripping of dark matter, as well as mass-loss from stellar evolution, results in the adiabatic expansion of stars, particularly in the lowest mass dwarfs. High-mass dwarf galaxies show signatures of tidal heating while low-mass dwarfs that survive until z = 0 typically have not experienced such impulsive interactions. There is little difference between UDGs and non-UDGs in terms of their dark matter haloes, stellar morphology, colours, and location within the cluster. In most respects cluster UDG and non-UDGs alike are similar to isolated dwarf galaxies, except for the fact that they are typically quenched.
The relation between the diffuse X-ray luminosity and the radio power of the central AGN in galaxy groups
Authors: Pasini T , Brüggen M , de Gasperin F , Bîrzan L , O’Sullivan E , Finoguenov A , Jarvis M , Gitti M , Brighenti F , Whittam I H , Collier J D , Heywood I , Gozaliasl G 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Our understanding of how active galactic nucleus feedback operates in galaxy clusters has improved in recent years owing to large efforts in multiwavelength observations and hydrodynamical simulations. However, it is much less clear how feedback operates in galaxy groups, which have shallower gravitational potentials. In this work, using very deep Very Large Array and new MeerKAT observations from the MIGHTEE survey, we compiled a sample of 247 X-ray selected galaxy groups detected in the COSMOS field. We have studied the relation between the X-ray emission of the intra-group medium and the 1.4 GHz radio emission of the central radio galaxy. For comparison, we have also built a control sample of 142 galaxy clusters using ROSAT and NVSS data. We find that clusters and groups follow the same correlation between X-ray and radio emission. Large radio galaxies hosted in the centres of groups and merging clusters increase the scatter of the distribution. Using statistical tests and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the correlation is not dominated by biases or selection effects. We also find that galaxy groups are more likely than clusters to host large radio galaxies, perhaps owing to the lower ambient gas density or a more efficient accretion mode. In these groups, radiative cooling of the intra-cluster medium could be less suppressed by active galactic nucleus heating. We conclude that the feedback processes that operate in galaxy clusters are also effective in groups.
Completeness of the Gaia-verse – I. When and where were Gaia’s eyes on the sky during DR2?
Authors: Boubert Douglas , Everall Andrew , Holl Berry 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The Gaia space mission is crafting revolutionary astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopic catalogues that will allow us to map our Galaxy, but only if we know the completeness of this Gaia-verse of catalogues: what stars does it contain and what stars is it missing? We argue that the completeness is driven by Gaia’s spinning-and-precessing scanning law and will apply this principle to the Gaia-verse over this series. We take a first step by identifying the periods in time that did not contribute any measurements to Gaia DR2; these gaps create ribbons of incompleteness across the sky that will bias any study that ignores them, although some of these gaps may be filled in future data releases. Our first approach was to use the variable star photometry to identify the 94 gaps longer than 1 per cent of a day. Our second approach was to predict the number of observations of every point on the sky, which in comparison to the reported number of detections revealed additional gaps in the astrometry and spectroscopy. Making these predictions required us to make the most precise, publicly available determination of the Gaia scanning law. Using this scanning law, we further identified that most stars fainter than G = 22 in DR2 have spurious magnitudes due to a miscalibration resulting from a thunderstorm over Madrid. Our list of gaps and precision scanning law will allow astronomers to know when Gaia’s eye was truly on their binary star, exoplanet, or microlensing event during the time period of the second data release.
Generalized emergent dark energy: observational Hubble data constraints and stability analysis
Authors: Hernández-Almada A , Leon Genly , Magaña Juan , García-Aspeitia Miguel A , Motta V 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Recently, a phenomenologically emergent dark energy (PEDE) model was presented with a dark energy density evolving as $\widetilde{\Omega }_{\rm {DE}}(z) = \Omega _{\rm {DE,0}}[ 1 - {\rm {tanh}}({\log }_{10}(1+z))]$, i.e. with no degree of freedom. Later on, a generalized model was proposed by adding one degree of freedom to the PEDE model, encoded in the parameter Δ. Motivated by these proposals, we constrain the parameter space ($h,\Omega _m^{(0)}$) and ($h,\Omega _m^{(0)}, \Delta$) for PEDE and generalized emergent dark energy (GEDE), respectively, by employing the most recent observational (non-)homogeneous and differential age Hubble data. Additionally, we reconstruct the deceleration and jerk parameters and estimate yield values at z = 0 of $q_0 = -0.784^{+0.028}_{-0.027}$ and $j_0 = 1.241^{+0.164}_{-0.149}$ for PEDE and $q_0 = -0.730^{+0.059}_{-0.067}$ and $j_0 = 1.293^{+0.194}_{-0.187}$ for GEDE using the homogeneous sample. We report values on the deceleration–acceleration transition redshift with those reported in the literature within 2σ CL. Furthermore, we perform a stability analysis of the PEDE and GEDE models to study the global evolution of the Universe around their critical points. Although the PEDE and GEDE dynamics are similar to the standard model, our stability analysis indicates that in both models there is an accelerated phase at early epochs of the Universe evolution.
Fine and hyperfine excitation of CCN by He
Authors: Chefai A , Jaidane N E , Hammami K , Lique F 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The relative abundance of cyanide and isocyanide molecules is a sensitive tracer of the physical conditions in the interstellar and circumstellar media. Accurate modelling of collisional and radiative processes implying these species opens the way for accurate estimation of their abundances. The present paper focuses on the computation of collisional rate coefficients for fine and hyperfine (de-)excitation of the CCN molecule (one of the C2N isomers) in collision with He, for temperatures up to 150 K. Using a time independent coupled-channel approach, scattering calculations were performed for transitions implying the lowest 56 fine structure levels and the corresponding 166 hyperfine structure levels belonging to both 2Π1/2 and 2Π3/2 spin-orbit manifolds. We provided, for the first time, realistic collisional data for the CCN radical. Propensity rules for fine and hyperfine transitions are discussed. As a first application, we evaluated the impact of these new data on the astrophysical modelling through radiative transfer calculations. We obtained the brightness and excitation temperatures of selected lines observed towards circumstellar envelopes and we found that local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are not fulfilled for this species. As a consequence, our results indicate that the abundance of the CCN derived from the observations has to be revised since the observation modelling strongly depends on the collisional data used.
Exploring extensions to the standard cosmological model and the impact of baryons on small scales
Authors: Stafford Sam G , Brown Shaun T , McCarthy Ian G , Font Andreea S , Robertson Andrew , Poole-McKenzie Robert 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
It has been claimed that the standard model of cosmology (ΛCDM) cannot easily account for a number of observations on relatively small scales, motivating extensions to the standard model. Here, we introduce a new suite of cosmological simulations that systematically explores three plausible extensions: warm dark matter, self-interacting dark matter, and a running of the scalar spectral index of density fluctuations. Current observational constraints are used to specify the additional parameters that come with these extensions. We examine a large range of observable metrics on small scales, including the halo mass function, density, and circular velocity profiles, the abundance of satellite subhaloes, and halo concentrations. For any given metric, significant degeneracies can be present between the extensions. In detail, however, the different extensions have quantitatively distinct mass and radial dependencies, suggesting that a multiprobe approach over a range of scales can be used to break the degeneracies. We also demonstrate that the relative effects on the radial density profiles in the different extensions (compared to the standard model) are converged down to significantly smaller radii than are the absolute profiles. We compare the derived cosmological trends with the impact of baryonic physics using the EAGLE and ARTEMIS simulations. Significant degeneracies are also present between baryonic physics and cosmological variations (with both having similar magnitude effects on some observables). Given the inherent uncertainties both in the modelling of galaxy formation physics and extensions to ΛCDM, a systematic and simultaneous exploration of both is strongly warranted.
Nucleosomes effectively shield DNA from radiation damage in living cells
Authors: Brambilla Francesca , Garcia-Manteiga Jose Manuel , Monteleone Emanuele , Hoelzen Lena , Zocchi Angelica , Agresti Alessandra , Bianchi Marco E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA is organized in nucleosomes, which package DNA and regulate its accessibility to transcription, replication, recombination and repair. Here, we show that in living cells nucleosomes protect DNA from high-energy radiation and reactive oxygen species. We combined sequence-based methods (ATAC-seq and BLISS) to determine the position of both nucleosomes and double strand breaks (DSBs) in the genome of nucleosome-rich malignant mesothelioma cells, and of the same cells partially depleted of nucleosomes. The results were replicated in the human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line. We found that, for each genomic sequence, the probability of DSB formation is directly proportional to the fraction of time it is nucleosome-free; DSBs accumulate distal from the nucleosome dyad axis. Nucleosome free regions and promoters of actively transcribed genes are more sensitive to DSB formation, and consequently to mutation. We argue that this may be true for a variety of chemical and physical DNA damaging agents.