bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A network analysis of borderline personality disorder symptoms and disordered eating
Authors: De Paoli Tara , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Huang Chia , Krug Isabel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current study used network analysis to explore associations between specific groupings of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and eating disorder (ED) symptoms, and other transdiagnostic variables including insecure attachment, rejection sensitivity, emotion dysregulation, a theory of mind, and emotion recognition.MethodNetwork analysis was undertaken on self‐report data from 753 adults (81.5% women), of whom 109 reported a lifetime ED diagnosis.ResultsComorbidity between BPD and ED symptoms was only partially conceptualized through the transdiagnostic variables. The centrality indices from the network analysis indicated that emotion dysregulation and abandonment were the most central elements in the network. Conversely, the theory of mind and emotion recognition had very few connections with the other transdiagnostic variables in the network.DiscussionThe findings provide empirical insight into the nature of the observed co‐occurrence between BPD and ED symptoms and serve to improve clinical decision‐making regarding psychological interventions for both problem sets.
Mending broken bonds in military couples using emotionally focused therapy for couples: Tips and discoveries
Authors: Wen Irina , Price Laura E. , Spray Amanda M. , Marmar Charles R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMilitary families face specific challenges related to military service, deployments, separations, and coming together. The process of reintegration back to civilian life can be challenged by posttraumatic stress and other readjustment difficulties that can affect not only the veteran but the family as a whole. Strengthening bonds and relationships is an important step in recovery. In this paper, the authors review the application of emotionally focused therapy to couples therapy with military couples and identify factors that can facilitate the therapeutic process with this unique population.
Evaluation of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) solubility in non‐halogenated solvents to achieve an environmentally friendly recovery process from Burkholderia cepacia B27 cells
Authors: Ramos Andrés F , Muñoz Melissa , Espinosa Armando , Cabeza Iván O , Moreno‐Sarmiento Nubia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) is a biopolymer of bacterial origin widely studied for its physicochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, nontoxicity and biodegradability. Unfortunately, there is no extraction and purification process that allows sustainable large‐scale production of the biopolymer.RESULTSThe solubility of P3HB in several non‐halogenated solvents was studied to achieve a novel and environmentally friendly methodology for polymer solvent extraction from bacterial cells. Acetic acid, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone were selected using theoretical approximations for the experimental evaluation of solubility at various temperatures, concentrations and incubation times with a complete general factorial experimental design. The results were interpreted with analysis of variance to evaluate the influence of each factor on the solubility. It was determined that at temperatures above 90 °C, acetic acid has a high P3HB solubilization efficiency, which makes it an excellent candidate for an environmentally friendly solvent‐extraction process. The mass yield of the extraction process with the new procedure was 54.8% compared to 59.9% for the standard chloroform solvent‐extraction process. Also, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed thermal behavior to be similar between P3HB recovered using chloroform and acetic acid extraction.CONCLUSIONSP3HB extraction from Burkholderia cepacia cells using acetic acid extraction and methanol purification is a promising method for large‐scale biopolymer production due to the elimination of hazardous solvents from the process. However, polymer purity and yield are slightly affected compared to the conventional chloroform extraction process. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrient control in water bodies: A systems approach
Authors: Shortle James S. , Mihelcic James R. , Zhang Qiong , Arabi Mazdak 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNutrient pollution is considered a wicked problem because of its many significant economic, social, and environmental impacts that are caused by multiple pollutants originating from a variety of sources and pathways that exist across different temporal and spatial scales. Further adding to the difficulty in managing nutrient pollution is that it is a global, rural, and urban problem. A systems approach can improve nutrient management by incorporating technological, environmental, and societal considerations. This approach can consider valuation of monetized and nonmonetized co‐benefits and the inherent consequences that make up a nutrient management program. In this introduction to a special collection of papers on nutrient pollution, we describe several systems frameworks that can be used to support nutrient management and evaluation of system performance as it relates to impacts, then highlight several attributes and barriers of nutrient management that point to the need for a systems framework, and conclude with thoughts on implementing systems approaches to nutrient management with effective community engagement and use of new technologies. This special collection presents results from a USEPA Science to Achieve Results (STAR) initiative to advance solutions to nutrient pollution through innovative and sustainable research and demonstration projects for nutrient management based on a systems approach. These studies evaluate several promising nutrient control technologies for stormwater or domestic wastewater, investigate the effects of agricultural conservation practices and stream restoration strategies on nutrient loads, and discuss several challenges and opportunities—social, policy, institutional, and financial considerations—that can accelerate adoption of reliable technologies to achieve system‐level outcomes.
Hydrological processes interconnecting the two largest watersheds of South America from seasonal to intra‐monthly time scales: A critical review
Authors: Zanin Paulo Rodrigo , Satyamurty Prakki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany articles on the subjects of moisture transport, precipitation and surface hydrology of the two largest watersheds of South America, the Amazon and the La Plata basins, are stitched together to obtain an overview of the aspects related to the hydrological processes interconnecting them on time scales ranging from seasonal to intra‐monthly. In the mean, moisture from the tropical Atlantic Ocean is transported by the trade winds into the Amazon Basin. A good part of it precipitates over the Amazon Basin and the other part reaches the La Plata Basin by northerly winds east of the Andes. Besides the moisture transported from the Atlantic, there is evapotranspiration in the Amazon and La Plata basins. A part of the evapotranspiration of the Amazon Basin precipitates over the same basin, contributing with about 1/3 of annual precipitation this basin, and a part joins the aerial stream into the La Plata Basin, contributing with about 1/4 of its annual precipitation. Semi‐permanent and transient meteorological systems such as Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone, South Atlantic Convergence Zone, Low‐Level Jet (LLJ) east of the Andes, Madden–Julian Oscillation, cold fronts and cyclones play an important role in the seasonal and intra‐seasonal variations of precipitation, evapotranspiration and river discharge. The hydrological memory in Amazonian soils and the LLJ constitute an inter‐seasonal coupling between the water balances of the two basins. All these aspects are succinctly described and discussed in this review article. Hypotheses for future research are formulated.
Formation and migration of α‐dicarbonyl compounds during storage and reheating of a sugary food simulation system
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Dong Lu , Wang Jun‐ping , Wang Shu‐jun , Wang Shuo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe thermal processing of food results in the formation of α‐dicarbonyl compounds (α‐DCs) such as glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), 2,3‐butanedione (2,3‐BD), and 3‐deoxyglucosone (3‐DG), which are precursors of potentially harmful advanced glycation end products. Some of the α‐DCs found in food products might result from chemical deterioration reactions during storage and reheating. A range of sugary food simulation systems were stored at three different temperatures (4, 25, and 37 °C) and reheated using three different processing methods to investigate the formation and migration of α‐DCs.RESULTSDuring 20 days of storage, the concentration of α‐DCs declined, following which the concentration remained approximately constant. Methylglyoxal was the major α‐DC affected during storage, its relative content decreasing from 233.71 to 44.12 μg mL−1 in the glucose‐lysine system. The concentration of α‐DCs decreased with increasing temperature. Microwave reheating increased the formation of α‐DC compounds. The largest increases in 3‐DG concentrations were observed in the maltose‐lysine systems (24.94 to 35.74 μg mL−1). The concentration of α‐DCs only changed a little in response to reheating at 100 °C, but declined when reheated at 150 °C.CONCLUSIONThe concentration of α‐DCs following storage and reheating depends on the type of sugar, lysine content, temperature, and method of reheating. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Prevalence of contamination by intestinal parasites in vegetables (Lactuca sativaL. andCoriandrum sativumL.) sold in markets in Belém, northern Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Alessandro Cardoso , da Silva Melanie Dayane Castro , Pereira Regina Ângela Seixas , Pinto Laine Celestino 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have recorded a high prevalence of intestinal parasites in lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) and coriander (Coriandrum sativumL.) destined for human consumption. This study determined the prevalence of contamination by intestinal parasites in these two plants sold in two street markets and two supermarkets in the city of Belém, northern Brazil.RESULTSA total of 200 plant samples were analyzed (100 of each species). The samples were collected randomly between August and October 2018, examined by the spontaneous sedimentation method with two washes, and stored for 24 h. The analysis found that 89% (89/100) of the lettuce samples and 86% (86/100) of the coriander samples were contaminated. Polyparasitism was more frequent in lettuce, but monoparasitism predominated in the coriander. A total of 226 intestinal parasites were found in the lettuce, with a predominance of non‐pathogenic parasites in the supermarket samples and more pathogenic parasites in the samples from street markets. In the coriander samples, 172 intestinal parasites were identified, with a predominance of pathogenic parasites in samples from both types of market. In the case of the protozoans, the most prevalent species wasEndolimax nana, followed byBlastocystis hominis, in both vegetables. In the helminths, hookworms predominated in the lettuce, andTrichuris trichiurain the coriander.CONCLUSIONSThese results highlight the need for the monitoring of parasite contamination in vegetables destined for human consumption. Public health initiatives should include educational campaigns on the importance of disinfecting vegetables prior to consumption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Global desertification vulnerability to climate change and human activities
Authors: Huang Jianping , Zhang Guolong , Zhang Yanting , Guan Xiaodan , Wei Yun , Guo Ruixia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDesertification is the impoverishment of arid, semiarid, and some subhumid ecosystems. The assessment of global scale desertification vulnerability to climate change and human activity is important to help decision makers formulate the best strategies for land rehabilitation and combat global desertification in sensitive areas. There is no global desertification vulnerability map that considers both climate change and human activities. The main aim of this study was to construct a new index, the global desertification vulnerability index (GDVI), by combining climate change and human activity, provide another perspective on desertification vulnerability on a global scale, and project its future evolution. Using the probability density function of the GDVI, we classified desertification vulnerability into four classes: very high, high, medium, and low. The results of the analysis indicated that areas around deserts and barren land have a higher risk of desertification. Areas with a moderate, high, and very high desertification risk accounted for 13%, 7%, and 9% of the global area, respectively. Among the representative concentration pathways (RCPs), RCP8.5 projected that the area of moderate to very high desertification risk will increase by 23% by the end of this century. The areas where desertification risks are predicted to increase over time are mainly in Africa, North America, and the northern areas of China and India.
A tornado daily impacts simulator for the central and southern United States
Authors: Hatzis Joshua J. , Koch Jennifer , Brooks Harold E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn an average year (1979–2016), the United States experiences nearly 1,100 tornadoes, which cause a total of 68 fatalities. Annual fatality rates have decreased since the peak in the 1920s, but there is a concern that they could start to rise again with increases in vulnerable populations and the impacts of climate change. It is possible to assess the risk of tornado fatalities using the historical record. However, the rarity of tornadoes and the short period of record may not capture the true risk. One way around this problem is to simulate thousands of years’ worth of tornadoes to obtain a broader picture of risk. Previous tornado risk models have distributed tornadoes randomly or used climatology to generate realistic tornado patterns on an annual (or longer) time scale. From an operational standpoint, it would be useful to have a model that distributes tornadoes on a daily time step to enable the forecasting of potential tornado impacts on a given day. The present study introduces one such model that distributes tornadoes using information about the favourability of the atmospheric environment for tornado development: The Tornado Daily Impacts Simulator (TorDIS). The paper demonstrates model utility through 1,000 year simulations over several metropolitan areas and with a comparison between modelled and observed impacts for several high‐impact tornado days. Forecasting potential tornado impacts on a daily time step could allow emergency managers to plan ahead for high‐risk days to prioritize their resources and save lives.
Possible mitochondrial dysfunction in a patient with deafness, dystonia, and cerebral hypomyelination (DDCH) due to BCAP31 Mutation
Authors: Shimizu Kenji , Oba Daiju , Nambu Ryusuke , Tanaka Manabu , Oguma Eiji , Murayama Kei , Ohtake Akira , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Ohashi Hirofumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeafness, dystonia, and cerebral hypomyelination (DDCH) is an X‐linked disorder due to hemizygous mutations of BCAP31.MethodsWe report an 8‐year‐old boy with DDCH who possibly accompanied mitochondrial dysfunction. Clinical evaluation, respiratory chain enzyme assay, and whole exome sequencing analysis were performed.ResultsMitochondrial dysfunction was suspected by respiratory chain enzyme assay on his cultured skin fibroblasts which showed significantly decreased complex I enzyme activity. Whole exome sequencing analysis revealed a recurrent BCAP31 mutation (c.97C>T:p.Gln33*) which confirmed the diagnosis of DDCH for the patient.ConclusionWe speculate that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a feature in patients with DDCH.
A case report of genetic prion disease with two different PRNP variants
Authors: Piazza Megan , Prior Thomas W. , Khalsa Prabhjot S. , Appleby Brian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrion diseases are a group of lethal neurodegenerative conditions that occur when the normal, cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) is converted into an abnormal, scrapie, form of the protein (PrPSc). Disease may be caused by genetic, infectious, or sporadic etiologies. The genetic form of prion disease comprises~10%–15% of all cases. Prion disease is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The low incidence of disease makes it highly unlikely that a patient would have two different pathogenic variants. However, we recently identified a case in which the patient did have two pathogenic PRNP variants and presented with an atypical phenotype.MethodsThe patient was evaluated at the Washington Hospital Healthcare System in Fremont, CA. The clinical information for this case report was obtained retrospectively. Variants in the PRNP were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of exon two of the gene followed by bi‐directional sequence analysis. To determine the phase of the identified variants, a restriction enzyme digestion was utilized, followed by sequence analysis of the products. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed for surrogate markers of prion disease, 14–3–3 and Tau proteins. CSF real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) assays were also performed.ResultsThe patient was a compound heterozygote for the well‐characterized c.628G>A (p.Val210Ile) variant and the rare octapeptide deletion of two repeats [c.202_249del48 (p.P68_Q83del)]. Clinically, the patient presented with an early onset demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, followed by later onset cognitive symptoms.ConclusionThis presentation is reminiscent of prion protein knockout mice whose predominate symptom, due to complete loss of PrP, was late‐onset peripheral neuropathy. To our knowledge this is the first case reported of a patient with prion disease who had two different pathogenic variants in PRNP.
Probiotics Prevent Dysbiosis and the Rise in Blood Pressure in Genetic Hypertension: Role of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids
Authors: Robles‐Vera Iñaki , Toral Marta , de la Visitación Néstor , Sánchez Manuel , Gómez‐Guzmán Manuel , Romero Miguel , Yang Tao , Izquierdo‐Garcia José L. , Jiménez Rosario , Ruiz‐Cabello Jesús , Guerra‐Hernández Eduardo , Raizada Mohan K. , Pérez‐Vizcaíno Francisco , Duarte Juan 
Published: January 2020

ScopeThe objective of this study is to determine the cardiovascular effects of the probiotics Bifidobacterium breve CECT7263 (BFM) and Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (LC40), and the short chain fatty acids butyrate, and acetate in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Methods and resultsTen five‐week old Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and fifty aged‐matched SHR are randomly distributed into six groups: control WKY, control SHR, treated SHR‐LC40, treated SHR‐BMF, treated SHR‐butyrate, and treated SHR‐acetate. Chronic treatments with LC40 or BFM increase butyrate‐producing bacteria and prevent the blood pressure increase in SHR. Oral treatment with butyrate or acetate also prevents the increase in both blood pressure and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. All treatments restore the Th17/Treg balance in mesenteric lymph nodes, normalized endotoxemia, and prevent the impairment of endothelium‐dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, as a result of reduced NADPH oxidase‐driven reactive oxygen species production. These protective effects might be mediated by both the reduction in vascular lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and the increase in Treg infiltration in the vasculature.ConclusionThe probiotics LC40 and BFM prevent dysbiosis and the development of endothelial dysfunction and high blood pressure in genetic hypertension. These effects seem to be related to endotoxemia reduction and to increase Treg accumulation in the vasculature.
Lactobacillus Protects Against S. Typhimurium–Induced Intestinal Inflammation by Determining the Fate of Epithelial Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Lu Xiaoxi , Xie Shuang , Ye Lulu , Zhu Linda , Yu Qinghua 
Published: January 2020

ScopeThe influence of the intestinal microbiota, such as Lactobacillus, on the intestinal mucosa, particularly intestinal stem cells, remains incompletely understood. In this study, mice and intestinal organoids are used to explore the regulatory effect of Lactobacillus on the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells.Methods and resultsThis study demonstrates that S. typhimurium causes intestinal epithelial damage and affected growth of intestinal organoids. S. typhimurium also colonizes the intestine and then causes pathological changes to the intestinal epithelium, intestinal inflammation, and even death. However, L. acidophilus alleviates damage to intestinal organoids, increases the survival ratio of mice infected with S. typhimurium, and reduces tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) secretion. Moreover, L. acidophilus affects the differentiation of epithelial cells through inhibition of the excessive expansion of goblet cells and Paneth cells induced by S. typhimurium to avoid over‐exhaustion. Finally, it is also demonstrated that L. acidophilus ameliorates overactivation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway by Salmonella, depending on the contact with toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), to affect the proliferation of the intestinal epithelium.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that L. acidophilus protects the intestinal mucosa against S. typhimurium infection through not only the inhibition of pathogen invasion but also determination of the fate of the intestinal epithelium.
Tuna Bone Powder Alleviates Glucocorticoid‐Induced Osteoporosis via Coregulation of the NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling Pathways and Modulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolism
Authors: Li Jingjing , Yang Mingyuan , Lu Chenyang , Han Jiaojiao , Tang Shasha , Zhou Jun , Li Ye , Ming Tinghong , Wang Zaijie Jim , Su Xiurong 
Published: January 2020

ScopeThe effects and mechanism of tuna bone powder (TBP) on glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) alleviation in terms of signaling pathway coregulation and gut microbiota modulation are investigated.Methods and resultsThe powder size distribution and composition of TBP are measured. The GIOP female mice induced by dexamethasone intramuscular injection are used to examine the anti‐osteoporosis effects of TBP in a 10 week experiment, and improved bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture are observed via micro‐CT. In addition, qRT‐PCR results show that the NF‐κB pathway is inhibited to reduce bone resorption, whereas the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is activated to enhance bone formation after treatment. Moreover, TBP treatments suppress the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, repair dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and prevent aggravated systemic inflammation in mRNA levels. Additionally, 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicate that TBP treatments enhance the abundance of anti‐inflammatory bacteria and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers, which is consistent with increased SCFA contents in feces measured via GC–MS.ConclusionThese data show that TBP ameliorates GIOP in mice through four aspects, including coregulating signaling pathways, blocking proinflammatory cytokines, repairing the intestinal epithelial barrier, and modulating gut microbiota. Therefore, TBP may be a potential prebiotic agent to alleviate osteoporosis in humans.