bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-037 Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarctions and Leukoencephalopathy: A Neuropsychological Case Review
Authors: S Greco , K Nicewicz , S Kirk , E Shephard , M Raymond 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarctions and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare genetic disorder. It is caused by a mutation in the NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19 which damages vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in impaired cerebral blood flow and a progressive vascular dementia. Onset typically occurs by the mid-30’s but varies widely. This case study describes a unique case of rapid disease progression.

Methods
The patient was a 58-year-old right-handed male. Initial symptom onset occurred at the age of 53, with blurred vision, severe headache, and difficulty speaking. Brain imaging (CT, MRI) showed significant white matter degeneration and cortical volume loss. Multiple sclerosis was hypothesized. Following the development of seizures and a right hemisphere stroke, the patient underwent genetic testing and was diagnosed with CADASIL. Initial neuropsychological evaluation revealed deficits in perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed, memory, and executive functioning. Serial evaluation included intelligence testing, academic achievement, the Meyers Neuropsychological Battery, and psychological functioning.

Results
Intellectual functioning and the overall neuropsychological test battery mean were one and a half to two standard deviations below his estimated premorbid functioning. Executive functioning declined from prior evaluation. Psychologically, the patient reported mild anger, irritability, and interpersonal difficulties. His wife endorsed significant increases in apathy and disinhibition and decline in executive functioning. The patient passed away approximately six months post-evaluation.

Conclusion
Findings were consistent with moderate-to-severe diffuse and lateralized deficits (RCH &gt; LCH) resulting from subcortical/higher cortical vascular dementia due to CADASIL and its medical sequelae, with quite rapid symptom onset and decline.
A-043 Preschool Children with Attention Deficit Have Weakness in Reproducing the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in Delayed Recall Condition
Authors: S Kiselev 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
It was known that children with attention deficit (AD) have also weakness in working memory. In our previous research we have revealed that ADHD children have deficit in visual and verbal memory in delayed recall condition in comparison to immediate condition (Kiselev, 2018). The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that preschool children with AD have a deficit in reproducing the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure in delayed recall condition.

Methods
The experimental group included 13 children with AD at the age of 5-6 years. The control group included 13 typically developing children. The children from groups were matched for IQ, gender and age. Children from both groups were assessed with Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test (ROCF). This test is designed to assess reproducing the complex figure in immediate and delayed recall conditions. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to reveal group differences in reproducing the figure in two conditions.

Results
We have not revealed significant differences between children from experimental and control group in reproducing the figure in immediate condition. However, the interaction of condition type and group was significant (p &lt; .05). Children with AD had weakness in the accurate reproduction and placement of specific design elements of Rey-Osterieth Complex Figure in Delayed Recall condition.

Conclusions
In view of our previously received results in children with attention deficit, we can propose that deficit in memory in delayed recall condition can be one of the key symptoms in this disorder.
A-051 Identifying Autism in Children With a History of Extreme Prematurity: A Case Series
Authors: B Brukilacchio , M Brinster , A Fleming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Children with a history of prematurity are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism. This case series describes four patients with comparable prenatal and divergent neonatal histories who were referred for comprehensive autism evaluations between 21-36 months of age by a NICU follow-up program.

Method
Patients were born at approximately 25 weeks gestation (i.e. extremely premature) following otherwise uncomplicated pregnancies and weighed less than 1000 grams at birth (i.e. extremely low birth weight). Patients A and B experienced significant neonatal complications (e.g. hemorrhage, respiratory failure). Children were later evaluated for autism by an interprofessional team affiliated with a children’s hospital.

Results
Patient A had average intellectual, motor, and language abilities with mild symptoms of autism on a standardized rating scale. Patient B had impaired intellectual, motor, and language abilities with severe symptoms of autism on the same rating scale. Patient C had average intellectual abilities, borderline language and motor abilities, and did not display autism features. Patient D had borderline intellectual abilities, low average receptive and expressive language, and also did not display autism features.

Conclusions
All patients presented with developmental delays in at least one domain. Those who experienced complications in the NICU met DSM-5 criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder. However, patients with similar prenatal histories who did not face additional complications in the NICU presented with comparatively intact social communication and behavior. This case series suggests the relative importance of peri- and neonatal factors in the etiology of autism in children with a history of extreme prematurity.
A-056 WISC-V Profiles in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Is the WISC-V Sensitive to Cognitive Impairment in CHD?
Authors: M Vasserman , S Virani , T Fay-Mcclymont , L Medlin , S Mish , W Macallister , B Brooks 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Prior research on intellectual development in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) yielded inconsistent findings. No study has yet examined the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fifth Edition (WISC-V). Given its revised factor structure, it is unknown if the WISC-V performs similarly to prior versions in children with CHD.

Methods
Twenty children (6-13 years) with CHD received the WISC-V; children with co-morbid neurological illness (i.e., stroke, epilepsy) were excluded. Five children underwent the Fontan procedure. Means, standard deviations, and percent impaired (&lt; 5th percentile) were calculated for composites. Effect size estimates compared children with and without the Fontan procedure.

Results
Mean age was 10.3 (SD = 2.5; 30% male). The mean Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) was 77.8 (SD = 13.7, range = 46-108). No sex difference in age or IQ were observed. The Visual Spatial Index was the lowest composite (VSI; Mean = 78.7, SD = 18.0), followed by the Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI; Mean = 82.0, SD = 15.6), Working Memory Index (WMI; Mean = 82.4, SD = 16.0), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI; Mean = 84.80, SD = 15.29), and Processing Speed Index (PSI; Mean = 85.6, SD = 14.6). The FRI was most frequently impaired (50% of sample), followed by WMI (40%), VSI (35%), and VCI/PSI (20%). Although children who underwent the Fontan procedure did not differ in FSIQ (Cohen’s d = .06, negligible effect size), they performed more poorly on the PSI (Cohen’s d = .87, large effect size).

Conclusions
The WISC-V detects deficits in visual perceptual abilities commonly seen in CHD. However, FSIQ for our sample was lower than previously reported. Children with a history of Fontan procedure may show slower processing speed.
A-07 Examining the Performance of Depressed Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) on a Delayed Memory Task
Authors: D Lopez , A Lopez , A Quintana , D Gibson , S Arguelles-Borge 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether depression plays a role in delayed memory in patients with a history of Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA).

Method
The data from this study was derived from a large de-identified database from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center containing neuropsychological information for transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients (1,585) who completed a Logical Memory-Delay. The sample was divided into two groups: those that related to depression (n = 473; mean age = 84.61; SD = 6.01) as determined by the etiologic diagnosis of the cognitive disorder-Depression and those that did not (n = 769; mean age = 87.47; SD = 6.37).

Results
An Independent-sample-t-test showed a performance difference in performance between those who endorsed depressive symptomatology [F(1,043) = 4.96,p &lt; 0.001], than those who did not report depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
These findings suggest a link between Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), depression and poor performance on delayed memory among older adults. Logical Memory-Delayed assesses long-term narrative memory. Based on research, depressive symptoms endorsed after a TIA can affect cognitive functioning. Specifically, studies have found that a decline in verbal memory can be in part, attributed to late-life depression. This cognitive decline may result from impaired executive functioning during the learning phase of the recall task, which then impacts their delayed recall. Given that cognitive weaknesses and psychological distress can impact considerably a patient after TIA, future studies should focus on understanding their relationship in terms of treatment outcomes. Additionally, since the effects of TIAs are typically short-lasting, future research should examine whether the observed cognitive effects are maintained over time when depression continues to be present.
A-070 Parental Perception of the Utility of Pediatric Neuropsychological Evaluation: A Systematic Review
Authors: T Deluco , N Katz , P Spano , C Stein , D Montalto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Pediatric neuropsychological evaluations are intended to support children in their development and ability to function successfully in their everyday settings; however, limited efforts have been made to synthesize the available literature regarding the utility of these evaluations. To improve the impact of pediatric neuropsychological evaluations, a systematic review was conducted to identify components of the assessment and feedback process that are associated with parents’ perception of helpfulness (help parent understand child), usefulness (provide actionable information/elicit change) and overall parent satisfaction.

Data Selection
We followed PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify research on parental perception of the utility of pediatric neuropsychological evaluations for children aged 3–21 years. We searched PubMed, PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases using the terms “neuropsychology,” “pediatric,” “neuropsychological evaluation,” “neurodevelopmental disorders,” “perceived utility,” and “parental utility.”

Data Synthesis
We identified 1,029 abstracts and after full review included 9 articles in our qualitative synthesis.

Conclusions
Parents generally reported high levels of satisfaction with their child’s evaluation. The research has also suggested that parents find evaluations and feedback helpful for understanding their child’s pattern of strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations from the neuropsychologists provided useful information for obtaining support and eliciting change. Limitations of the studies reviewed included small sample size, variability in methods, and reduced generalizability of results.
A-071 Latent Classes of Cognitively Normal Individuals have Unique Relationships between Demographic and Neuropsychological Variables
Authors: W Goette , J Schaffert , A Carlew , H Rossetti , L Lacritz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Determine whether clinically normal (CN) individuals represent a single homogeneous group prior to normative adjustment.

Method
Data from 1,055 CN participants (Mage = 68.0, SD = 8.68; Meducation = 14.9, SD = 2.90; white = 92.7%) from the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium were used. Participants had no recorded neurological, cognitive, or psychiatric diagnoses. Raw scores from the AMNART, Animal Fluency, Boston Naming Test (BNT), CERAD verbal learning test, CLOX1 and CLOX2, MMSE, and Trail Making Test (TMTA and B) were examined with finite mixtures of general linear regression models using age, education, race, and gender as predictors. Each test was modeled with up to 10 latent classes with the Bayesian Information Criterion used to select best fit.

Results
Animal Fluency, CLOX2, and TMT A errors were best fit by 1 underlying group. The remaining tests required 2 (CERAD, CLOX1, MMSE, and TMT-B errors), 3 (BNT and TMT-A), and 5 (AMNART and TMT-B) latent classes. Generally, latent classes for tests differed in coefficients for race, gender, and intercepts, though results differed from test-to-test (Supporting Figure).

Conclusions
Latent classes of CN individuals were identified for which the predictive power of certain demographic variables differed depending on the latent class. Further research is needed to identify who may belong to distinct latent classes so the appropriate regression-based norms are used. Different latent class coefficients for race and gender suggest heterogeneity within these variables that can be addressed to produce more accurate models. Findings suggest that regression-based norms could be improved by identifying latent classes and finding ways of predicting who belongs to which latent class.
A-082 SPECT Cerebral Blood Flow Differences between Self-Reported Low and High Feelings of Pessimism
Authors: B Trinidad , L Stebbins , C Golden , D Amen , D Taylor , K Willeumier 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To assess which brain areas, as measured by SPECT, are related to self-reported feelings of pessimism.

Method
Using a symptom checklist, participants were determined based on their self-reported feelings of pessimism. The participants were part of a large archival de-identified database. A total of 7,661 individuals were categorized into a low level of pessimism group (N = 3,495) and a high level of pessimism group (N = 4,166) who were primarily male (60.7%) with a mean age of 40.00 (SD = 15.69). Participants were placed in their respective groups based on whether their responses fell at or below the 25th percentile or at or above the 75th percentile of the sum of responses that indicated having problems related to pessimism. The two groups were then compared in 17 brain areas at baseline.

Results
Results from an Independent samples t-test showed mean differences in blood flow. Hyper-perfusion was seen in the group with high level of pessimism in the left Frontal t(7659) = −1.668, p &lt; .007 and bilateral Parietal, left t(7659) = −1.333, p &lt; .001 and right t(7659) = −1.159, p &lt; .013.

Conclusion
Results indicate that individuals who report high levels of pessimism have an increased blood flow to several areas, increasing behavioral, cognitive, and emotional arousal. The increase of blood flow to the left frontal area suggests an over activation of cognitive reasoning and judgement, inhibiting a clear understanding of feelings of powerlessness and fear. The overwhelming feelings activate bilateral parietal lobes in carrying out motor behaviors to try and reduce feelings of hopelessness and fear.
A-088 Case Report: Neuropsychological Assessment of Giant Axonal Neuropathy in Adulthood
Authors: M Kloeris , J Birath 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a progressive condition marked by abnormally large/dysfunctional axons. Childhood neurological symptoms (e.g., ataxia, loss of sensation, strength, and reflexes in limbs, and visual and hearing problems) eventually lead to central nervous system impairment (e.g., seizures, paralysis, and cognitive decline). The scant literature on cognition in GAN is mixed, with findings from no impairment all the way to dementia. We present a case of an adult GAN patient with milder symptoms.

Method
A 55-year-old Hispanic male with 13 years of education was referred from outpatient neurology for neuropsychological evaluation in a county hospital setting. He was symptomatic in childhood, but was not diagnosed with GAN until 2018. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was conducted. His presentation was notable for anxious and restricted affect, rapid speech, and intense gaze. He appeared immature and at times guarded about his symptoms and history.

Results
Cognitive test results were valid and indicated normal-range IQ and generally intact cognitive abilities with mixed performances (and mild deficits) in visual memory and executive functioning. The MMPI-2-RF was invalid due to elevations on multiple validity scales, possibly due to limited insight and/or impression management (L-r highest).

Conclusions
The results add to the limited literature on cognition in GAN by describing a milder case. Our patient demonstrated some mixed cognitive difficulties as well as idiosyncrasies in personality that could reflect immaturity and/or reduced insight. In addition to further exploring its cognitive effects, future research into GAN should include the evaluation of personality and insight/metacognition in patients with milder symptoms.
A-092 Behavioral Phenotypes of Childhood Idiopathic Epilepsies
Authors: A Kessler-Jones , D Almane , K Dabbs , C Gundlach , D Hsu , M Seidenberg , C Stafstom , A Struck , B Hermann , J Jones 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To characterize the presence and nature of discrete behavioral phenotypes and their correlates in a cohort of youth with new and recent onset focal and generalized epilepsies (YWE).

Methods
The parents of 297 YWE (age 8–18; n = 183) and typically developing participants (n = 107), completed the Child Behavior Checklist. The 8 behavior problem scales were subjected to hierarchical clustering analytics to identify behavioral subgroups. Factors examined included: demographics, neuropsychological data, history of academic problems, epilepsy characteristics, parental IQ and education, cortical thickness, daily executive functioning, and number of lifetime-to-date DSM-IV diagnoses.

Results
Hierarchical clustering identified three behavioral phenotypes which included: no behavioral complications (Cluster 1, 67% of YWE), internalizing problems (Cluster 2, 11% of YWE), and combined internalizing and externalizing problems (Cluster 3, 22% of YWE). These behavioral phenotypes were characterized by orderly differences in the factors analyzed. Cluster 1 was most similar to controls across most metrics while Cluster 3 was the most abnormal. Epilepsy syndrome was not a predictor of cluster membership.

Conclusion
YWE fall into 3 distinct behavioral phenotypes associated with a variety of co-occurring features and comorbidities. This approach identifies important phenotypes of behavior problem presentations and their accompanying factors that serve to advance clinical and theoretical understanding of the behavioral complications of children with epilepsy and the complex conditions with which they co-occur.
A-096 Reliable Change Indices as a Measure of Neurocognitive Change following Deep Brain Stimulation for Essential Tremor
Authors: G Lee , S Kielb , L Boxley , C Nguyen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a widely used treatment for essential tremor (ET). To assess for neurocognitive decline following DBS, most studies use statistical methods that directly compare changes in test scores between pre- and post-surgical evaluations. By contrast, reliable change scores are calculated using regression-based models that account for practice effect and systematic error that can occur between repeat test administrations. We sought to determine the utility of reliable change scores in monitoring neuropsychological function following DBS.

Method
Twenty-eight ET patients (M age = 70.2 ± 6.3, 57% female) completed neuropsychological evaluations at an outpatient clinic 6.4 ± 3.6 months before and 6.7 ± 1.9 months after DBS placement within the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (71% left-sided). Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to identify differences in performance using absolute change versus reliable change scores.

Results
There were no significant absolute differences between pre- and post-surgery scores on tests of attention, processing speed, executive function, object naming, verbal fluency, or learning and memory. By contrast, significant differences in reliable change scores from zero were identified on tests of phonemic fluency (p &lt; .001), semantic fluency (p = .05), and verbal learning (p = .005).

Conclusions
Analyses that used reliable change scores identified post-surgical declines that were not evident in traditional statistical comparisons. Results suggest that reliable change indices are useful tools for monitoring changes in neurocognitive functions that can occur following DBS and related neuromodulation treatments.
A-110 Are Invalid Baselines More Frequent in those with Concussion History?
Authors: J Maietta , N Hopkins , L Maietta , S Flood , L Johnson , H Kuwabara , T Kinsora , S Ross , D Allen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) is a commonly utilized measure for sports concussion. Across the literature we have reviewed there is an abundance of information that focuses on invalid baselines and the effects of concussions. Yet, no previous studies have investigated the effect of a history of concussion on frequency of invalid baselines. The current study examined these effects within high school athletes.

Methods
Participants included 47,874 high school athletes (mean age = 15.0, SD = 1.2; mean education = 9.0; SD = 1.5; 42.6% female). These athletes were selected from a larger database of athletes who completed baseline ImPACT testing from 2008–2016. Self-reported history of concussion (none vs. 1+) was obtained from the demographic section of the ImPACT. Invalid performance was based on standard ImPACT criteria (“Baseline++”).

Results
Chi-square tests of homogeneity were performed to assess differences in invalid baselines between those with and without a history of concussion. Results revealed significantly more invalid baselines for those with a history of concussion (p &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Results indicate that high school athletes with a self-reported history of concussion may be more likely to have invalid baseline test performance. Based on these preliminary results, clinicians who are managing return-to-play decisions may want to take into account concussion history when interpreting baseline data. Future research should, of course, investigate whether this result is consistent in other samples and, if so, whether alternative validity criteria may be needed. Future investigations of athletes with confirmed clinical diagnosis of concussion is an important next step in investigating differences in rates of invalid baselines.