bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel organization of mitochondrial minicircles and guide RNAs in the zoonotic pathogen Trypanosoma lewisi
Authors: Li Su-Jin , Zhang Xuan , Lukeš Julius , Li Bi-Qi , Wang Ju-Feng , Qu Liang-Hu , Hide Geoff , Lai De-Hua , Lun Zhao-Rong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractKinetoplastid flagellates are known for several unusual features, one of which is their complex mitochondrial genome, known as kinetoplast (k) DNA, composed of mutually catenated maxi- and minicircles. Trypanosoma lewisi is a member of the Stercorarian group of trypanosomes which is, based on human infections and experimental data, now considered a zoonotic pathogen. By assembling a total of 58 minicircle classes, which fall into two distinct categories, we describe a novel type of kDNA organization in T. lewisi. RNA-seq approaches allowed us to map the details of uridine insertion and deletion editing events upon the kDNA transcriptome. Moreover, sequencing of small RNA molecules enabled the identification of 169 unique guide (g) RNA genes, with two differently organized minicircle categories both encoding essential gRNAs. The unprecedented organization of minicircles and gRNAs in T. lewisi broadens our knowledge of the structure and expression of the mitochondrial genomes of these human and animal pathogens. Finally, a scenario describing the evolution of minicircles is presented.
Clinical Outcome of “Asleep” Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease Using Robot-Assisted Delivery and Anatomic Targeting of the Subthalamic Nucleus: A Series of 152 Patients
Authors: Moran Catherine H , Pietrzyk Mariusz , Sarangmat Nagaraja , Gerard Carter S , Barua Neil , Ashida Reiko , Whone Alan , Szewczyk-Krolikowski Konrad , Mooney Lucy , Gill Steven S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Recent advances in methods used for deep brain stimulation (DBS) include subthalamic nucleus electrode implantation in the “asleep” patient without the traditional use of microelectrode recordings or intraoperative test stimulation.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the clinical outcome of patients who have undergone “asleep” DBS for the treatment of Parkinson disease using robot-assisted electrode delivery.

METHODS
This is a retrospective review of clinical outcomes of 152 consecutive patients. Their outcomes at 1 yr postimplantation are reported; these include Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) assessment, Tinetti Mobility Test, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ)-39 quality of life assessment, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck Anxiety. We also report on a new parietal trajectory for electrode implantation.

RESULTS
A total of 152 patients underwent assessment at 1 yr. UPDRS III improved from 39 to 20.5 (47%, P < .001). The total UPDRS score improved from 67.6 to 36.4 (46%, P < .001). UPDRS II scores improved from 18.9 to 10.5 (44%, P < .001) and UPDRS IV scores improved from 7.1 to 3.6 (49%, P < .001). There was a significant reduction in levodopa equivalent daily dose after surgery (mean: 35%, P < .001). PDQ-39 summary index improved by a mean of 7.1 points. There was no significant difference found in clinical outcomes between the frontal and parietal approaches.

CONCLUSION
“Asleep” robot-assisted DBS of the subthalamic nucleus demonstrates comparable outcomes with traditional techniques in the treatment of Parkinson disease.
Automatic ID Consultation for Inpatients With COVID-19: Point, Counterpoint, and a Single-Center Experience
Authors: Nguyen Cynthia T , Olson Gregory , Pho Mai T , Lew Alison K , Pitrak David , Saltzman Jina , Hazra Aniruddha , Pursell Kenneth , Pettit Natasha N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There are many unknowns with regard to COVID-19 clinical management, including the role of Infectious Diseases Consultation (IDC). As hospitalizations for COVID-19 continue, hospitals are assessing how to optimally and efficiently manage COVID-19 inpatients. Typically, primary teams must determine when IDC is appropriate, and ID clinicians provide consultation upon request of the primary team. IDC has been shown to be beneficial for many conditions; however, the impact of IDC for COVID-19 is unknown. Herein, we discuss the potential benefits and pitfalls of automatic IDC for COVID-19 inpatients. Important considerations include the quality of care provided, allocation and optimization of resources, and clinician satisfaction. Finally, we describe how automatic IDC changed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic at a single academic medical center.
Mortality Over Long-term Follow-up for People With HIV Receiving Longitudinal Care and Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Haiti
Authors: Richterman Aaron , Leandre Fernet , Jerome J Gregory , Tsai Alexander C , Ivers Louise C 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeaths from HIV have fallen dramatically with the increasing availability of fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), and yet HIV remains the ninth leading cause of death in low-income countries. As more people with HIV enter care and receive ART, the focus will need to shift from expanding ART to including long-term program effectiveness and outcomes for people with HIV already engaged in care.MethodsWe evaluated risk factors for mortality among people with HIV on ART receiving longitudinal care in rural Haiti. We assessed baseline characteristics using a household survey and abstracted clinical characteristics from the electronic record. We used multivariable Cox regression models to identify risk factors for mortality.ResultsThere were 464 people included in this study with a median follow-up (interquartile range [IQR]) of 69 (44–77) months, during which time 37 (8%) were lost to follow-up and 118 (25%) died (median time to death [IQR], 29 [12–53] months). After adjustment, poverty (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.12 per 10–percentage point increased probability; 95% CI, 1.01–1.24) and single marital status (AHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.08–2.36) were associated with increased mortality. Age (AHR, 0.78 per 10-year increase; 95% CI, 0.64–0.94), role function quality of life (AHR, 0.75 per quintile increase; 95% CI, 0.62–0.90), and CD4 count (AHR, 0.66 per 100 cells/μL; 95% CI, 0.58–0.75) were associated with decreased mortality.ConclusionsPoverty, marital status, and quality of life were associated with mortality. Social protection should be evaluated as a strategy to reduce mortality for people with HIV in concert with increasing access to ART.
The F2RaD Score: A Novel Prediction Score and Calculator Tool to Identify Patients at Risk of Postoperative C5 Palsy
Authors: Lubelski Daniel , Pennington Zach , Feghali James , Schilling Andrew , Ehresman Jeff , Theodore Nicholas , Bydon Ali , Belzberg Allan , Sciubba Daniel M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Postoperative C5 palsy is a debilitating complication following posterior cervical decompression.

OBJECTIVE
To create a simple clinical risk score predicting the occurrence of C5 palsy

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent posterior cervical decompressions between 2007 and 2017. Data was randomly split into training and validation datasets. Multivariable analysis was performed to construct the model from the training dataset. A scoring system was developed based on the model coefficients and a web-based calculator was deployed.

RESULTS
The cohort consisted of 415 patients, of which 65 (16%) developed C5 palsy. The optimal model consisted of: mean C4/5 foraminal diameter (odds ratio [OR] = 9.1 for lowest quartile compared to highest quartile), preoperative C5 radiculopathy (OR = 3.5), and dexterity loss (OR = 2.9). The receiver operating characteristic yielded an area under the curve of 0.757 and 0.706 in the training and validation datasets, respectively. Every characteristic was worth 1 point except the lowest quartile of mean C4/5 foraminal diameter, which was worth 2 points, and the factors were summarized by the acronym F2RaD. The median predicted probability of C5 palsy increased from 2% in patients with a score of 0 to 70% in patients with a score of 4. The calculator can be accessed on https://jhuspine2.shinyapps.io/FRADscore/.

CONCLUSION
This study yielded a simplified scoring system and clinical calculator that predicts the occurrence of C5 palsy. Individualized risk prediction for patients may facilitate better understanding of the risks and benefits for an operation, and better prepare them for this possible adverse outcome. Furthermore, modifying the surgical plan in high-risk patients may possibly improve outcomes.
The current status of contribution activities in Japan for LISA
Authors: Izumi Kiwamu , Sago Norichika , Akutsu Tomotada , Ando Masaki , Fujita Ryuichi , Fukunabe Kenji , Kita Naoki , Kobayashi Masato , Komori Kentaro , Michimura Yuta , Musha Mitsuru , Nagano Koji , Nakano Hiroyuki , Okasaka Hiroki , Seto Naoki , Shoda Ayaka , Tagoshi Hideyuki , Takano Satoru , Takeda Hiroki , Tanaka Takahiro , Yamada Kei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
LISA is a space gravitational-wave mission that will open the unexplored gravitational-wave frequency window at around millihertz, shedding light on the study of supermassive black holes and the nature of gravity. The LISA project has been propelled by international collaboration in order to maximize the scientific outcome. With the aim of making scientifically important contributions to LISA, instrument and science groups were newly formed in Japan. This article summarizes the current status of the contribution activities conducted by each group to date, highlighting a few selected topics including the development of photoreceivers and theoretical studies on compact binaries and extreme mass ratio inspirals.
Guidance and evaluation system for smooth operation of heavy-haul trains
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Wei Xiang , Zhang Tao , Wang Songxu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The operation rules and methods for heavy-haul trains were studied and summarized according to the characteristics of the Daqin Railway, such as a large traffic volume, a high density and high-speed and difficult-to-operate heavy-haul trains. Combined with traction calculation and operation experience, these can be quantificationally decomposed into an evaluation standard for the smooth modularized operation of heavy-haul trains that can be recognized by computers. A train operation guidance system was designed to collect locomotive drivers’ operation data, display the actual operation and standard curves in real time and give voice prompts and violation-operation alarms for safety-critical operation. In addition, software for operation analysis and evaluation was developed according to the quantified smooth operation standard. The smooth operation of heavy-haul trains was evaluated and statistically analysed through a comparative analysis of the actual operation records. Moreover, a train impact force detection device capable of monitoring the three-dimensional impact force of heavy-haul trains in real time was developed. Meanwhile, the evaluation standard for smooth operation was verified and optimized by real-time monitoring of the impact force of heavy-haul trains. Finally, on the basis of the above studies, a complete closed-loop management scheme for the smooth operation of heavy-haul trains was constructed, and the objectives of optimizing train operation strategy, standardizing drivers’ operations and ensuring the smooth operation of trains were realized through application.
Evolution of a major virion protein of the giant pandoraviruses from an inactivated bacterial glycoside hydrolase
Authors: Krupovic Mart , Yutin Natalya , Koonin Eugene 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The diverse viruses in the phylum Nucleocytoviricota (also known as NLCDVs, Nucleo-cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses) typically possess large icosahedral virions. However, in several families of Nucleocytoviricota, the icosahedral capsid was replaced by irregular particle shapes, most notably, the amphora-like virions of pandoraviruses and pithoviruses, the largest known virus particles in the entire virosphere. Pandoraviruses appear to be the most highly derived viruses in this phylum because their evolution involved not only the change in the virion shape, but also, the actual loss of the gene encoding double-jelly roll major capsid protein (DJR MCP), the main building block of icosahedral capsids in this virus assemblage. Instead, pandoravirus virions are built of unrelated abundant proteins. Here we show that the second most abundant virion protein of pandoraviruses, major virion protein 2 (MVP2), evolved from an inactivated derivative of a bacterial glycoside hydrolase of the GH16 family. The ancestral form of MVP2 was apparently acquired early in the evolution of the Nucleocytoviricota, to become a minor virion protein. After a duplication in the common ancestor of pandoraviruses and molliviruses, one of the paralogs displaces DJR MCP in pandoraviruses, conceivably, opening the way for a major increase in the size of the virion and the genome. Exaptation of a carbohydrate-binding protein for the function of the MVP is a general trend in virus evolution and might underlie the transformation of the virion shape in other groups of the Nucleocytoviricota as well.
21Affect Theory
Authors: Simecek Karen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This chapter reviews important works in affect theory published in 2019. The chapter is divided into the following sections: 1. Introduction; 2. Textual Affect, which focuses on Playing with Feeling, by Aubrey Anable, and Affect Theory and Literary Critical Practice, edited by Stephen Ahern; 3. Loss and Longing, which focuses on Bleak Joys, by Matthew Fuller and Olga Goriunova, and Homesickness, by Ryan Hediger; 4. Renewing Theory, which focuses on The Affect Theory of Silvan Tomkins for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, by E. Virginia Demos, and Reading Sedgwick, edited by Lauren Berlant; and 5. Reflections. In publications this year, affect theory mirrors and tracks the world in the Anthropocene. Consequently, affect theory continues to interpret the human experience in terms of the felt relationship of man to the environment and focuses on the way human life is affected by and affects environmental change. There is a strong cross-over not only between affect studies and ecocriticism but also between affect studies and feminist theory, queer theory, and psychoanalysis, demonstrating how work in affect theory is influenced by and influences other areas of cultural and critical theory. Works in affect theory in 2019 continue to show the importance of a focus on affect as foundational to these other theoretical and critical approaches; not subservient to them but an equal partner.
Phylogenetic position and taxonomic rearrangement ofDavidina(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), an enigmatic butterfly genus new for Europe and America
Authors: Lukhtanov Vladimir A , Dubatolov Vladimir V 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDavidina, an enigmatic butterfly genus described from China in the 19th century, has for a long time been considered a member of the family Pieridae due to its pierid-like wing pattern. In the 20th century, it was transferred to Satyridae (now subfamily Satyrinae of Nymphalidae) based on analysis of the structure of genitalia and placed next to the species-rich genus Oeneis (subtribe Satyrina), being separated from the latter by supposed differences in wing venation. We have conducted a phylogenetic and taxonomic study of the subtribe Satyrina using analysis of molecular and morphological characters. We show that the genus Oeneis is not monophyletic, and consists of two genetically diverged and morphologically differentiated groups that are not sister-groups (Oeneis s.s. and Protoeneis). We also demonstrate that Davidina is closely related to Protoeneis, but not to Oeneis s.s. To resolve this newly discovered non-monophyly and morphological heterogeneity, several species should be removed from Oeneis and transferred to the genus Davidina. As a consequence, we synonymize the name ProtoeneisGorbunov, 2001 with DavidinaOberthür, 1879. We conclude that Davidina is not a monotypic Chinese endemic genus, as has been previously supposed, but is composed of nine species that have a broad distribution area across the Holarctic region, extending to Europe and America.
Impact of nulliparity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and gestational diabetes on vasomotor symptoms in midlife women
Authors: Cortés Yamnia I. , Conant Rhoda , Catov Janet M. , Matthews Karen A. , Crawford Sybil L. , Hedderson Monique M. , Thurston Rebecca C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
To determine whether women with a history of nulliparity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher odds of reporting vasomotor symptoms (VMS) at midlife.

Methods:
A longitudinal analysis was performed with 2,249 women with pregnancy history data in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Women were classified as nulliparous, no HDP/GDM, or a history of HDP/GDM. VMS (hot flashes, night sweats) were assessed separately at baseline and at each follow-up visit. VMS was recorded as any versus none; 0 , 1-5 , 6+ days in past 2 weeks. Pregnancy history was examined in relation to each VMS (hot flashes, night sweats) using generalized estimating equations adjusting for age (time-varying), site, race/ethnicity, education, financial strain, smoking, and body mass index. Models excluded women with hysterectomy/bilateral oophorectomy and observations with hormone therapy use.

Results:
Women in the HDP/GDM group (n = 208, 9%) were more likely to be Black, financially strained, and overweight. Compared to women with no HDP/GDM, women with HDP/GDM had greater odds of reporting any hot flashes (OR:1.27; 95% CI:1.05-1.53). Nulliparous women had lower odds of any hot flashes (OR:0.64; 95% CI:0.51-0.80) and night sweats (OR:0.73; 95% CI:0.58-0.93) in age-adjusted models. Similar patterns were observed for frequency of hot flashes and night sweats; associations were attenuated to nonsignificance after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions:
History of HDP/GDM may be associated with more VMS and nulliparity with fewer VMS, but not independently of sociodemographic factors. Our findings underscore the importance of social and economic disparities in both reproductive outcomes and VMS.

Video Summary:

http://links.lww.com/MENO/A631.
Factors associated with use of hormone therapy after preventive oophorectomy in BRCA mutation carriers
Authors: Mejia-Gomez Javier , Gronwald Jacek , Senter Leigha , Karlan Beth Y. , Tung Nadine , Wolfman Wendy , Demsky Rochelle , Sun Ping , Narod Steven A. , Kotsopoulos Joanne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (oophorectomy) is recommended to women with a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation before natural menopause to prevent ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. The adverse effects of early surgical menopause are well established. Although many of the side effects can be ameliorated by the use of hormone therapy (HT); use of HT in this group of predominantly young patients remains suboptimal. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of HT use, as well as predictors of HT uptake in BRCA mutation carriers who underwent preventive oophorectomy before natural menopause.

Methods:
Eligible participants were identified from a longitudinal study of BRCA mutation carriers. We included premenopausal women with no personal history of cancer who underwent oophorectomy before age 50 and who had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Detailed information on HT use and other important variables was collected by a research questionnaire every 2 years. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the use of HT in various subgroups.

Results:
A total of 793 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were included in this analysis. The mean age at oophorectomy was 42 years (range 28-49). Sixty-one percent of the women reported using HT after oophorectomy. Factors associated with HT use included young age at surgery, a high level of education and preventive mastectomy.

Conclusions:
The uptake of HT after oophorectomy in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation varies by age, education, and surgical history. Clinician and patient awareness may lead to better utilization of HT in women who undergo oophorectomy at an early age to help mitigate the adverse effects associated with surgical menopause.
Differentiating highly asymmetric keratoconus eyes using a combined Scheimpflug/Placido device
Authors: Golan Oren , Levinger Samuel , Barequet Irit S. , Levinger Eliya , Varssano David , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To determine the ability to differentiate between normal eyes and clinically unaffected eyes of patients with highly asymmetric keratoconus (AKC) using a Scheimpflug/Placido device.

Setting:
Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Enaim Medical Center, Israel.

Design:
Retrospective case-control.

Methods:
Imaging from a combined Scheimpflug/Placido device (Sirius, C.S.O.) was obtained from 26 clinically unaffected eyes of patients with frank keratoconus in the fellow eye, and 166 eyes from 166 patients with bilaterally normal corneal examinations that underwent uneventful corneal refractive surgery with at least 1 year of follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic curves were produced to calculate the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 60 metrics, and finally a logistic regression modeling was used to determine optimal variables to differentiate populations.

Results:
The most predictive individual metric able to differentiate between 26 eyes in the case group to 166 eye in the control group was the posterior wall inferior-superior (I-S) ratio, with an receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of 0.862. A combination model of 4 metrics (posterior wall I-S ratio in the central 3 mm, thinnest pachymetry coordinate on the x horizontal axis, posterior asymmetry and asphericity index, corneal volume) yielded an ROC of 0.936, with a sensitivity/specificity pair of 92.3%/87%. Variables related to elevation were not found significant.

Conclusions:
Using a combination of metrics from a combined Scheimpflug/Placido device, a practical model for discrimination between clinically normal eyes of patients with highly AKC and normal eyes was constructed. Variables related to pachymetry and posterior cornea asymmetry were the most impactful.
Topography/wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy combined with crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus: preliminary results
Authors: Russo Andrea , Faria-Correia Fernando , Rechichi Miguel , Festa Giulia , Morescalchi Francesco , Semeraro Francesco 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of topography/wavefront-guided (TWFG) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using a new high-definition aberrometer combined with epithelium-off crosslinking (CXL-Plus).

Setting:
Centro Oculistico Bresciano, Brescia, Italy.

Design:
Prospective case series study.

Methods:
Patients with grade I or II keratoconus, according to the Amsler-Krumeich classification, were included in this prospective case series. All cases underwent TWFG PRK using the VISX STAR S4 IR excimer laser and the new iDesign 2.0 system, followed by accelerated epithelium-off CXL. Visual, refractive, ocular aberrometric, and safety outcomes were evaluated during a 6-month follow-up.

Results:
Thirty-five eyes of 19 patients were included. A significant improvement was observed in the uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities (P < .001). Manifest sphere and cylinder were reduced significantly (P ≤ .001), with a total of 20 eyes (57%) and 30 eyes (86%) having a postoperative spherical equivalent within ±0.50 and ±1.00 diopter, respectively. Most corneal irregularity indexes and the level of ocular higher-order aberrations, primary coma, and trefoil (P < .05) were significantly reduced postoperatively. No significant corneal haze or safety issues were observed.

Conclusions:
TWFG PRK, using the iD2 system with simultaneous CXL, regularized the cornea by correcting the spherocylindrical error and minimizing the amount of higher-order aberrations in mild-to-moderate keratoconus.