bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragmented tropical forests lose mutualistic plant–animal interactions
Authors: Marjakangas Emma‐Liina , Abrego Nerea , Grøtan Vidar , de Lima Renato A. F. , Bello Carolina , Bovendorp Ricardo S. , Culot Laurence , Hasui Érica , Lima Fernando , Muylaert Renata Lara , Niebuhr Bernardo Brandão , Oliveira Alexandre A. , Pereira Lucas Augusto , Prado Paulo I. , Stevens Richard D. , Vancine Maurício Humberto , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Galetti Mauro , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimForest fragmentation is among the principal causes of global biodiversity loss, yet how it affects mutualistic interactions between plants and animals at large spatial scale is poorly understood. In particular, tropical forest regeneration depends on animal‐mediated seed dispersal, but the seed‐dispersing animals face rapid decline due to forest fragmentation and defaunation. Here, we assess how fragmentation influences the pairwise interactions between 407 seed disperser and 1,424 tree species in a highly fragmented biodiversity hotspot.LocationAtlantic Forest, South America.MethodsWe predicted interaction networks in 912 sites covering the entire biome by combining verified interaction data with co‐occurrence probabilities obtained from a spatially explicit joint species distribution model. We identified keystone seed dispersers by computing a species‐specific keystone index and by selecting those species belonging to the top 5% quantile.ResultsWe show that forest fragmentation affects seed dispersal interactions negatively, and the decreased area of functionally connected forest, rather than increased edge effects, is the main driver behind the loss of interactions. Both the seed disperser availability for the local tree communities and in particular the proportion of interactions provided by keystone seed dispersers decline with increasing degree of fragmentation. Importantly, just 21 keystone species provided >40% of all interactions. The numbers of interactions provided by keystone and non‐keystone species, however, were equally negatively affected by fragmentation, suggesting that seed dispersal interactions may not be rewired under strong fragmentation effects.ConclusionsWe highlight the importance of understanding the fragmentation‐induced compositional shifts in seed disperser communities as they may lead to lagged and multiplicative effects on tree communities. Our results illustrate the utility of model‐based prediction of interaction networks as well as model‐based identification of keystone species as a tool for prioritizing conservation efforts. Similar modelling approaches could be applied to other threatened ecosystems and interaction types globally.
Paying attention pays off: Kea improve in loose‐string cooperation by attending to partner
Authors: Schwing Raoul , Reuillon Laurine , Conrad Mareike , Noë Ronald , Huber Ludwig 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies showed that kea are able to cooperate in experiments based on the loose‐string paradigm, but success rates were low, except when tested in stable dyads. We trained kea with low success rates to attend to the handling of the string by a human partner. This vastly improved subsequent coordination during cooperation with kea partners. Furthermore, we tested the kea dyads with a delayed entry set‐up (delays of 2, 4 or 6 s) and with two different lengths of string. Increasing length of delay and reducing string length had negative effects on the success rate. This suggests that a complete understanding of the actions was not present as the kea were not able to fully overcome factors that inhibit coordination. Lastly, we tested the three subjects showing the greatest ability to wait for the partner in a partner‐choice paradigm: one subject in the central position could pull a loose string with one partner after another in the order it preferred. As a result, the second subjects had much longer waiting times than previously experienced. We could show that the central kea learned to visit both set‐ups and that the second partner was able to wait for the partner to arrive before attempting to pull on the string, averaging twice as long as in the standard delay. Taken together, the results from this study highlight that cooperation in the loose‐string paradigm is largely dependent on coordination of the subjects. While attention to the partner's actions greatly improved performance, the greater waiting times achieved in the final set‐up also suggest that utilizing more ecologically relevant (subject is busy VS subject is held back) delays could further improve the performance of non‐human subjects in the delayed loose‐string paradigm.
Implications of fisheries‐induced evolution for population recovery: Refocusing the science and refining its communication
Authors: Hutchings Jeffrey A. , Kuparinen Anna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe argument that sufficiently high fishing mortality (selective or not) can effect genetic change in fished populations has gained considerable traction since the late 1970s. The intervening decades have provided compelling experimental and model‐based evidence that fisheries‐induced evolution (FIE) can cause genetic changes in life history, behaviour and body shape, given sufficiently high trait heritability, selection intensity and time. Fisheries‐induced evolution research has also identified or inferred negative implications to population recovery and sustainable yield, prompting calls for evolutionarily enlightened management to reduce the probability of FIE and mitigate its risks. Sufficient time has now elapsed to evaluate whether predicted negative consequences to recovery have been empirically realized. We find that many FIE‐implicated populations have recovered rapidly to management‐based targets following cessation of overfishing. We conclude that FIE is generally of minor importance to recovery when compared with overfishing, magnitude of depletion and natural mortality. By posing a series of questions and responses, we illustrate how science advice pertaining to human‐induced evolution in fishes can be strengthened. We suggest that FIE research be refocused and its communication refined to: (a) better integrate FIE within existing stock‐assessment modelling frameworks; (b) pose questions of greater relevance at the science:policy interface; and (c) concentrate research on questions pertaining to the subset of depleted populations for which the implications of FIE are likely to be magnified because of their synergistic interactions with other correlates of recovery and yield.
Gendered Time Allocation and Divorce: A Longitudinal Analysis of German and American Couples
Authors: Bellani Daniela , Esping‐Andersen Gøsta 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the association between divorce and partners' allocation of paid and unpaid work, and change over a few key decades in both West Germany and the United States.BackgroundPast research has indicated that partner similarity in time spent on both paid and unpaid work is associated with a higher risk of marital dissolution. We explore whether the association between paid work disparities and divorce or between unpaid work disparities and divorce changed across time or differed between two cultures.MethodUsing data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the United States and the German Socio‐Economic Panel for West Germany from the mid‐1980s until the end of the 2000s, we conducted event history analyses.ResultsOver time, the risk of divorce declined among couples with a more similar division of labor. In parallel, the relative stability of marriages adhering to a dissimilar pattern of unpaid work decreased in Western Germany.ConclusionThese results contrast with the predictions of a static normative perspective, but they are consistent with the multiple equilibrium theory, which predicts that divorce risks will decline in tandem with the embrace of more gender similarity in couple arrangements. Thus, evidence suggests that as societies evolve toward greater gender similarity in the division of paid and unpaid work, marital stability will likely improve.ImplicationsPreventive intervention approaches promoting new forms of organization in the division of work between partners may be useful in the quest for improved marital relations and well‐being.
Effects of hydrogen on the mechanical response of X80 pipeline steel subject to high strain rate tensile tests
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Zhang Lin , Shi Qiaoying , Zhou Chengshuang , Zheng Jinyang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHydrogen‐induced degradation of X80 pipeline steel was investigated through a high strain rate tensile test (2 × 10−4/s) with interposed unloading, reloading, aging at 30°C, or annealing at 200°C with or without hydrogen charging. The results indicated that plasticity degradation does not occur in the hydrogen‐precharged specimens; however, hydrogen embrittlement occurs in the reloading stage when the specimens are charged with hydrogen in the unloading stage after applying a prestrain. Interposed aging at 30°C or annealing at 200°C can also increase the degradation. It indicates that the hydrogen traps caused by the strain along with hydrogen charging are the major source of dislocations. The formation of a hydrogen atmosphere around mobile dislocations, which is related to the rates of hydrogen diffusion and dislocation movement, plays an important role in the degradation process. Both pinning and depinning of dislocations affect plasticity degradation.
Evidence for large carbon sink and long residence time in semiarid forests based on 15 year flux and inventory records
Authors: Qubaja Rafat , Grünzweig José M. , Rotenberg Eyal , Yakir Dan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe rate of change in atmospheric CO2is significantly affected by the terrestrial carbon sink, but the size and spatial distribution of this sink, and the extent to which it can be enhanced to mitigate climate change are highly uncertain. We combined carbon stock (CS) and eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements that were collected over a period of 15 years (2001–2016) in a 55 year old 30 km2pine forest growing at the semiarid timberline (with no irrigating or fertilization). The objective was to constrain estimates of the carbon (C) storage potential in forest plantations in such semiarid lands, which cover ~18% of the global land area. The forest accumulated 145–160 g C m−2 year−1over the study period based on the EC and CS approaches, with a mean value of 152.5 ± 30.1 g C m−2 year−1indicating 20% uncertainty in carbon uptake estimates. Current total stocks are estimated at 7,943 ± 323 g C/m2and 372 g N/m2. Carbon accumulated mostly in the soil (~71% and 29% for soil and standing biomass carbon, respectively) with long soil carbon turnover time (59 years). Regardless of unexpected disturbances beyond those already observed at the study site, the results support a considerable carbon sink potential in semiarid soils and forest plantations, and imply that afforestation of even 10% of semiarid land area under conditions similar to that of the study site, could sequester ~0.4 Pg C/year over several decades.
Influence of yttrium oxide addition and sintering temperature on properties of alumina‐based ceramic cores
Authors: Zhao Zhijia , Yang Zhigang , Yu Zihao , Fan Mengjia , Bai Jinyue , Yu Jianbo , Ren Zhongming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAl2O3‐based ceramic cores with a uniform microstructure were fabricated successfully by a traditional pressing forming method, in which Al2O3 powders were used as matrix and yttrium oxide as additive. The influences of yttrium oxide content and sintering temperature on properties of ceramic cores were studied carefully. Results indicated that a higher sintering temperature benefited the preparation of ceramic cores with excellent properties. As the temperature was above 1400°C, the reaction of Al2O3 and yttrium oxide occurred, leading to the formation of YAG phases. And, YAG was uniformly adhered on the surface of Al2O3 particles, exerting a good role in connecting Al2O3 particles. Based on XRD analyses, it was found that the increase in the sintering temperature could promote the formation of more YAG phases. When sintering temperature was adjusted to 1600°C, with the increase in the yttrium oxide content, their relative density developed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, while the apparent porosity had an opposite change tendency. With the increase in the sintering temperature, the line shrinkage and bending strength of Al2O3‐based ceramic cores both increased gradually. In our research, their bending strength reached to 53.5 MPa and apparent porosity was 33.9% when the ceramic cores were prepared with 9 wt% yttrium oxide at 1600°C.
Tolerance of free‐living nematode species to imidacloprid and diuron
Authors: Neury‐Ormanni Julie , Doose Caroline , Majdi Nabil , Vedrenne Jacky , Morin Soizic , Höss Sebastian , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the herbicide diuron are long‐lived pesticides commonly detected in European rivers. Both have lethal as well as sublethal effects on aquatic invertebrates dwelling in streambeds. Here, we performed lethality tests of imidacloprid and diuron on seven species of widespread, free‐living nematodes and the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Our results indicated that nematodes were relatively tolerant to both pesticides, and only two species (Diploscapter coronatus and Plectus opisthocirculus) showed mortality at high nominal concentrations of imidacloprid (119 mg/L) and diuron (33 mg/L). The changes observed in nematode community structure after imidacloprid and diuron exposure may have been related to trade‐offs between sensitivity to toxicants and changes in competitive abilities of the species. While the former can be tested using single‐species tests, we recommend that the latter be tested in further experiments using multispecies communities. Our results suggest that the presence of these pesticides could favor nematodes over other meiofaunal groups found in freshwater sediments.
Intraoperative peripheral nerve injury related to lithotomy positioning with steep Trendelenburg in patients undergoing robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery – A systematic review
Authors: Bjøro Benedikte , Mykkeltveit Ida , Rustøen Tone , Candas Altinbas Bahar , Røise Olav , Bentsen Signe Berit 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the incidence of intraoperative peripheral nerve injury, symptoms, risk factors, functions, and quality of life in patients undergoing robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery to lithotomy positioning with steep Trendelenburg.DesignA systematic review.Data sourcesThe Cochrane Library catalogue, PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL and SveMed + databases were searched from January 2000 ‐ February 2019.Review methodsTitles and abstracts were screened for inclusion. Full‐text assessments of each paper were conducted by two reviewers. The quality of the included papers was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to synthesize the data.ResultsEleven quantitative studies were included with three themes: (a) incidence of intraoperative peripheral nerve injury; (b) upper extremity intraoperative peripheral nerve injury related to steep Trendelenburg positioning; and (c) lower extremity intraoperative peripheral nerve injury related to lithotomy positioning. The overall incidence of intraoperative peripheral nerve injury in robotic‐assisted laparoscopic urologic, gynaecologic and colorectal surgery was 0.16%–10.0% and the symptoms appeared immediately after surgical procedures. Risk factors for intraoperative peripheral injury were prolonged operative time, high American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, comorbidities and high body mass index.ConclusionIntraoperative peripheral nerve injuries are rare, but occasionally serious when related to lithotomy positioning with steep Trendelenburg. Operating room nurses have a responsibility both for positioning patients and for being familiar with the technological developments that will influence the preoperative handling of patients.ImpactThis systematic review emphasizes the need for operating room nurses together with surgical team to have knowledge about mechanisms for injury, positioning, anatomy/physiology, and evaluation of risk factors to ensure that patients are not exposed for intraoperative peripheral nerve injuries. Increased robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery necessitates further research examining the incidence of intraoperative peripheral nerve injury related to positioning and how these affect patients' function and the quality of life.
LncRNA SPRY4‐IT1 regulates breast cancer cell stemness through competitively binding miR‐6882‐3p with TCF7L2
Authors: Song Xinyue , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Xinnan , Chen Lianze , Jiang Longyang , Zheng Ang , Zhang Ming , Zhao Lin , Wei Minjie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSPRY4‐intronic transcript 1 has been found in several kinds of cancers, but the role of SPRY4‐IT1 in breast cancer stem cells has not been studied. We investigated whether SPRY4‐IT1 is involved in the promotion of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). We used qRT‐PCR to detect the expression of SPRY4‐IT1 in MCF‐7 cells and MCF‐7 cancer stem cells (MCF‐7 CSCs). The effects of SPRY4‐IT1 on the proliferation and renewal ability of breast cancer cells were investigated by in vitro and in vivo assays (ie in situ hybridization, colony formation assay, sphere formation assay, flow cytometry assay, western blotting, xenograft model and immunohistochemistry). The mechanism of SPPRY4‐IT1 as a ceRNA was studied by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatic analysis. In our study, SPRY4‐IT1 was up‐regulated in MCF‐7 CSCs compared with MCF‐7 cells, and high SPRY4‐IT1 expression was related to reduced breast cancer patient survival. Furthermore, SPRY4‐IT1 overexpression promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and stemness in vitro and in vivo. In addition, SPRY4‐IT1 knockdown suppressed BCSC renewal ability and stemness maintenance in vivo and in vitro. The dual‐luciferase reporter assays indicated that SPRY4‐IT1 as a sponge for miR‐6882‐3p repressed transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) expression. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that SPRY4‐IT1 promotes proliferation and stemness of breast cancer cells as well as renewal ability and stemness maintenance of BCSCs by increasing the expression of TCF7L2 through targeting miR‐6882‐3p.
Nurse practitioners’ perceptions of their ability to enact leadership in hospital care
Authors: van Kraaij Julia , van Oostveen Catharina , Vermeulen Hester , Heinen Maud , Huis Anita , Adriaansen Marian , Peters Jeroen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAims and objectiveTo gain insight into nurse practitioners’ (NP) leadership roles in Dutch hospital care, by exploring the perceptions regarding their current leadership role and the differences with their previous role as a registered specialised nurse.BackgroundTo meet today's challenges of the increasing healthcare demands, the employment of NPs is proliferating. NPs have the ideal position to play a pivotal role within healthcare reforms, yet full expansion of their scope of practice and expertise is having limited success. Long‐term sustainability of NPs depends on the ability to perform and develop a leading role.Design and methodsThis qualitative descriptive study was conducted in fifteen Dutch hospitals. Data were collected from April–July 2018, and purposive sampling was used for eighteen semi‐structured interviews. This study is conducted and reported according to the COREQ checklist.ResultsThree main themes concerning NPs’ current leadership role emerged, and they were all linked to a successful positioning of NPs. All themes seemed to be of influence on NPs’ scope of daily practice. Direct patient care was emphasised, and leadership on other levels appeared to be underused. Most NPs desired to reshape their profession. However, unprofitable use of their leadership skills especially on professional and organisational level and lack of supportive factors seemed to hinder them.ConclusionsAn adequate use of leadership is crucial for role development and positioning of NPs. Further development of the NP profession can help to better differentiate between the tasks of registered specialised nurses and NPs.Relevance to clinical practiceLeadership in nursing contributes to the improvement of the quality and efficiency of health care. Further positioning of the NP profession depends on a profitable use of leadership competencies. Besides, NPs should collaborate with healthcare organisations, educational institutions and professional associations to value the NP profession in the current healthcare system.
Development and validation of an assessment tool for nursing workload in emergency departments
Authors: Iordache Steluta , Elseviers Monique , De Cock Rita , Van Rompaey Bart 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo develop the Workload Assessment of Nurses on Emergency (WANE) tool and to test its validity and reliability to measure nursing workload in the emergency departments.BackgroundEnsuring safe nursing staffing in emergency departments is a worldwide concern. There is no valid tool to measure emergency nursing workload in order to determine the needed nurse staffing in the emergency departments.DesignA two‐year, cross‐sectional, multicenter study.MethodsWorkload was operationalised as the time nurses spent with nursing activities, classified into direct and indirect care. A board of experts provided content validity. Construct validity was evaluated by examining the WANE's correlations and group‐discriminations patterns within the network of variables known to determine nursing workload. Reliability was assessed by the tool's ability to yield consistent results across repeated measurements. Reporting of this research adheres to STROBE guidelines.ResultsSeven emergency departments, including 3,024 patients, were involved in the first year and 18 emergency departments and 7,442 patients in the second year. Direct care time correlated positively and significantly with patient dependency on nursing care, age and length of emergency department stay and discriminated between the categories of dependency on nursing care, age and hospitalisation. Both direct and indirect care time discriminated between the emergency departments according to different patient care profiles and unit characteristics. WANE showed consistent results across measurements.ConclusionsResults support the WANE's reliability and validity to measure emergency nursing workload. This tool could be used to determine, on patient and unit, a baseline nurse staffing and the nursing skill mix in the emergency departments. WANE is also an evidence‐based management tool for benchmarking purposes.Relevance to clinical practiceThe use of an evidence‐based workload tool in making staffing decisions in emergency departments is crucial to ensure safe patient care and prevent work overload in nursing staff.