bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Handgrip measurement as a useful benchmark for locomotive syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study
Authors: Kitagawa Noriyuki , Okamura Takuro , Kitagawa Nobuko , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Hamaguchi Masahide , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo carry out a cross‐sectional single‐center study in a Japanese hospital to determine the diagnostic value of handgrip measurement to detect locomotive syndrome (LS).Materials and MethodsConsecutive outpatients underwent an LS risk test, which comprised a stand‐up test and a two‐step test, and a handgrip measurement, along with general diabetes‐related tests. We calculated the prevalence of LS, and evaluated the association between handgrip strength and LS.ResultsWe enrolled 234 patients in this study. The prevalence of LS in the stand‐up and two‐step tests was 51.5 and 79.0%, respectively. The prevalence of LS in the stand‐up or two‐step tests increased with age both in men and women. Using the stand‐up and two‐step tests, 107 patients (46.7%) were diagnosed with LS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, used to assess our identification of LS in terms of grip strength in men and women, showed 95% confidence intervals of 0.703 (0.563–0.813) and 0.698 (0.500–0.842), respectively. The odds ratios of grip strength for LS were 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.83–0.97) and 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.76–0.98) in men and women, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings showed that handgrip measurement was useful in detecting LS, and LS should be considered when evaluating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Dementia Patients Who Receive Inpatient Palliative Care Consultation
Authors: Sharda Neema , Zietlow Kahli , Wong Serena , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Johnson Kimberly S. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESAcute hospitalization may be an ideal opportunity to introduce palliative care to dementia patients, who may benefit from symptom management and goals of care discussions. We know little about patients who receive inpatient palliative care consultations (IPCCs).DESIGNRetrospective analysis using electronic medical record.SETTINGTertiary academic medical center and affiliated community hospital.PARTICIPANTSPatients with dementia by International Classification of Diseases diagnosis, 65 years or older, hospitalized between July 1, 2015, and December 31, 2015.MEASUREMENTSWe used χ2 and t‐test/Mann‐Whitney U test to compare characteristics (living arrangement, advanced dementia markers, diagnoses of delirium and dementia with behavior disturbance, and admitting diagnosis) and outcomes (change in code status, length of stay [LOS], discharge disposition, and discharge medications for symptom management) of patients who did and did not receive IPCC. Patients were matched on sex, age, and race.RESULTSAmong 927 hospitalized patients with dementia, 17% received IPCC (N = 157). Patients who received IPCC were more likely to be admitted from a nursing facility (35.7% vs 12.7%; P < .0001), experience delirium (71.3% vs 57.3%; P = .01), have behavior disturbance (23.6% vs 13.4%; P = .02), have a pressure ulcer at admission (26.1% vs 11.5%; P = .001), have hypernatremia (12.7% vs 3.2%; P = .002), and be bedbound (20.4% vs 3.2%; P < .000). Patients who received IPCC had a longer LOS (median = 5.9 vs 4.3 days; P = .004) and were more likely to be discharged to hospice (56% vs 3.1%; P < .0001). Patients with IPCC were more likely to have a discharge code status of do not attempt resuscitation (89% vs 46%). There was no significant difference in comfort medications at discharge between groups.CONCLUSIONSPatients who received IPCC had evidence of more advanced dementia. These patients were more likely to change their code status and enroll in hospice. IPCC may be useful to prioritize patient‐centered care and discuss what matters most to patients and families.
HDAC2 (Histone deacetylase 2): A critical factor in environmental enrichment‐mediated stroke recovery
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hui , Yao Meng‐Cheng , Wu Hai‐Yin , Dong Jian , Ni Huan‐Yu , Kou Xiao‐Lin , Chang Lei , Luo Chun‐Xia , Zhu Dong‐Ya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) is a generally accepted strategy to promote stroke recovery and its beneficial effect is positively correlated with neuroplasticity. However, the mechanisms underlying it remain elusive. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a negative regulator of neuroplasticity, is up‐regulated after stroke. Thus, we hypothesized that HDAC2 may participate in EE‐mediated stroke recovery. In this study, focal stroke was induced by photothrombosis in male mice exposing to EE or standard housing (SH) conditions. Recombinant virus vectors, including Ad‐HDAC2‐Flag, AAV‐CAG‐EGFP‐Cre, LV‐shHDAC2, or their controls were microinjected into the motor cortex at 3 days before stroke. Grid‐walking and cylinder tasks were conducted to assess motor function. Western blot and immunostaining were used to uncover the mechanisms underlying EE‐mediated stroke recovery. We found that EE exposure reversed stroke‐induced HDAC2 up‐regulation, implicating HDAC2 in EE‐mediated functional recovery. Importantly, EE‐dependent stroke recovery was counteracted by over‐expressing HDAC2, and HDAC2 knockdown promoted functional recovery from stroke to the similar extent as EE exposure. Moreover, the knockdown of HDAC2 epigenetically enhanced expressions of neurotrophins and neuroplasticity‐related proteins, with similar effects as EE, and consequently, whole brain and corticospinal tract (CST) rewiring. Together, our findings indicate that HDAC2 is critical for EE‐dependent functional restoration. Precisely targeting HDAC2 may mimic EE and serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for stroke recovery.
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Reduced pain with injection of hyaluronic acid with pre‐incorporated lidocaine for nasolabial fold correction: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, active‐controlled, split‐face designed, clinical study
Authors: Choi Sun Young , Han Hye Sung , Yoo Kwang Ho , Lee Ji Su , Kim Beom Joon , Lee Yang Won 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInjection of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler for nasolabial fold (NLF) correction is a popular aesthetic procedure. In relation to HA filler injections, effective pain control for patient comfort is an important concern.ObjectivesWe compared the pain relief achieved by HA filler with 0.3% lidocaine (HAF‐Lidocaine) with that achieved by HA filler without lidocaine (HAF) for NLF correction.Patients/MethodsA total of 62 subjects with visible NLFs were enrolled in this double‐blind study at two university hospitals and injected with HAF‐Lidocaine and HAF, randomly assigned to the each NLFs. Subjects assessed pain using the visual analog scale (VAS). Blinded independent dermatologists assessed the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) and subjects assessed the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) for the evaluation of effectiveness. All adverse events during the follow‐up period were recorded.ResultsImmediately after treatment, 95.2% of subjects who were treated with HAF‐Lidocaine reported reduced pain when compared with those who were treated with HAF and the mean VAS score difference was 38.6 mm. At 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after treatment, respectively, 67.7%, 41.9%, 32.3%, and 21.0% of subjects experienced reduced pain. Based on the mean WSRS and GAIS scores and the incidence of local injection site reactions, the clinical effectiveness and safety profile of HAF‐Lidocaine were comparable to those of HAF.ConclusionWe conclude that HA filler containing pre‐incorporated lidocaine could reduce pain in Korean patients for NLF correction, and the addition of lidocaine does not affect the effectiveness and safety of HA filler.
Pityriasis capitis: Causes, pathophysiology, current modalities, and future approach
Authors: Sheth Umang , Dande Payal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPityriasis capitis commonly known as dandruff is one of the most common and widely seen dermatological disease that affects majority of the world population. It is more than superficial flaking, as it leads to significant structural changes in the stratum corneum and inflammatory biomarkers. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as Malassezia yeast, host epidermal conditions, sebaceous secretion, and abnormal immune responses, are found to contribute to the pathogenesis. Regardless of wide research, detail understanding, and treatment modalities, it still remains to be a cause of concern due to its recurring nature.AimsThe objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of its wide causes, pathophysiology, current treatment, and future approach.MethodsThe article also aims at evaluating various promising anti‐dandruff agents that can be further researched to become the leads in anti‐dandruff therapy.Results & ConclusionThe article summarizes the current knowledge on dandruff and present new facts and evidences in order to spread awareness, create potential for new herbal treatment options, and effectively control the most commercially exploited scalp disorder.
Association between subthreshold depression and self‐care behaviours in adults with type 2 diabetes: A protocol for a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shrestha Monika , Ng Ashley H. , Gray Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo examine the association between subthreshold depression and self‐care behaviours in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) attending a tertiary healthcare service.BackgroundDiabetes is a global public health problem. Self‐care behaviours are a fundamental element in managing diabetes as adherence to self‐care activities is associated with improved glycaemic control. Depression in T2D is associated with decreased adherence to self‐care behaviours. Adults with subthreshold depression in diabetes may have difficulties in achieving metabolic control. Further, people with subthreshold depression have an increased risk of developing major depression. Few studies have examined the association between subthreshold depression and self‐care behaviours.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study will be conducted among 384 adults diagnosed with T2D for at least a year attending their routine outpatient appointment at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Nepal. Convenience sampling will be used to recruit study participants. Data will be collected via face‐to‐face interviews and a medical record review. Self‐care behaviours will be assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self‐care activities and subthreshold depression will be determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐ 9. Covariates in the study include sociodemographic and clinical factors, diabetes knowledge, perceived social support and self‐efficacy. This paper complies with the STROBE reporting guideline for cross‐sectional studies.ResultsWe will use multiple linear regression to examine the association between subthreshold depression and each self‐care behaviours (i.e. diet, physical activity, foot care, blood glucose testing and medication) and total self‐care behaviour.ConclusionsEffective management of diabetes requires adherence to self‐care behaviours. The findings of the study will help in identifying an effective way to improve diabetes self‐care.Relevance to clinical practiceOur observations will inform nursing research and practice by providing evidence about how subthreshold depression may influence self‐care behaviours.
Amiodarone disrupts cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and causes accumulation of circulating desmosterol by inhibiting 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase
Authors: Simonen P. , Li S. , Chua N. K. , Lampi A.‐M. , Piironen V. , Lommi J. , Sinisalo J. , Brown A. J. , Ikonen E. , Gylling H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe have earlier reported that amiodarone, a potent and commonly used antiarrhythmic drug increases serum desmosterol, the last precursor of cholesterol, in 20 cardiac patients by an unknown mechanism.ObjectiveHere, we extended our study to a large number of cardiac patients of heterogeneous diagnoses, evaluated the effects of combining amiodarone and statins (inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis at the rate‐limiting step of hydroxy‐methyl‐glutaryl CoA reductase) on desmosterol levels and investigated the mechanism(s) by which amiodarone interferes with the metabolism of desmosterol using in vitro studies.Methods and ResultsWe report in a clinical case–control setting of 236 cardiac patients (126 with and 110 without amiodarone treatment) that amiodarone medication is accompanied by a robust increase in serum desmosterol levels independently of gender, age, body mass index, cardiac and other diseases, and the use of statins. Lipid analyses in patient samples taken before and after initiation of amiodarone therapy showed a systematic increase of desmosterol upon drug administration, strongly arguing for a direct causal link between amiodarone and desmosterol accumulation. Mechanistically, we found that amiodarone resulted in desmosterol accumulation in cultured human cells and that the compound directly inhibited the 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24) enzyme activity.ConclusionThese novel findings demonstrate that amiodarone blocks the cholesterol synthesis pathway by inhibiting DHCR24, causing a robust accumulation of cellular desmosterol in cells and in the sera of amiodarone‐treated patients. It is conceivable that the antiarrhythmic potential and side effects of amiodarone may in part result from inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis pathway.
For the Sake of the Final End
Authors: Darr Ryan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe question of the viability of theological eudaimonism as an interpretation of the moral life has generated increasing debate in recent years. This essay aims to advance the debate about theological eudaimonism (and eudaimonism more generally) by addressing a closely related but insufficiently discussed issue: the nature of human agency and its relationship to value. The most commonly raised objection to eudaimonism is that it is objectionably agent‐oriented. I argue that worries about objectionable self‐orientation often stem from importing foreign pictures of agency into the eudaimonist tradition. I make this case through an analysis of Nicholas Wolterstorff’s recent critique of eudaimonism. Wolterstorff presupposes a common contemporary conception of agency. Drawing on Thomas Aquinas and Elizabeth Anderson, I show that other conceptions of agency are available. Clarity about the nature of human agency and its relationship to value will bring greater clarity to the debate about eudaimonism and self‐orientation.
The Menace of Non‐Being
Authors: Herrmann Leslie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the face of unremitting faith in economic progress and the attendant environmental degradation that is, increasingly, one of its ugly fruits, Jürgen Moltmann’s rich conception of God’s Sabbath peace offers a compelling reorientation. When drawn upon for its contribution toward the fostering of one’s moral imagination and for the cultivation of ethical criteria, it offers an accessible yet rigorous lens through which to view a particular situation: the attempt by Nestlé Waters to build the largest bottled water plant in North America. The author finds within Moltmann’s vision a way to critically assess the project, critique the underlying foundations of its character, and offer alternatives for seeking the flourishing of the whole of God’s creation.
Response To Jason Springs
Authors: Winters Joseph 
Published: May 2020

AbstractJason Springs’s Healthy Conflict in Contemporary American Society is a masterful attempt to practice productive conflict and democratic dialogue in the face of static antagonisms and deep‐seated divisions. In my response, I underscore Springs’s insistence on mediating between the moral imagination of Richard Rorty and the prophetic critique of Cornel West. For the author of Healthy Conflict, any hope in the survival of democracy relies on balancing critique of domination with constructive proposals for a more just and equitable world. On the one hand, Springs rejects any strong distinction between moral imagination and socio‐political critique; in fact, he argues for their intertwinement, especially in the work of West. At the same time, there are moments when he suggests an opposition between expanding the moral imagination and engaging in the critical enterprise, especially as he identifies the limits in Foucault regarding normativity and democratic struggle. I respond to this slippage by arguing that Foucault, and critical theory more broadly, open up possibilities for rethinking ethics, politics, and our relationship to the violence that sustains the order of things.
Enemies, For My Sake
Authors: Kavka Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis response to Jason A. Springs’s Healthy Conflict in Contemporary Society praises Springs for his recommendations for improving the discourse found in ethical conflicts in public life. Springs’s main prescription is for culture to stop repressing conflict. But if Springs ought to be praised for desiring to give conflict its due in public life, Healthy Conflict in Contemporary Life ought also to be criticized for not always being clear on whether there are criteria that authorize excluding some people (e.g. white supremacists) from participating in nonviolent cultural conflict. The essay concludes by suggesting a rehabilitation in religious ethics of the category of the enemy.
Interrogating Healthy Conflict
Authors: Moosa Ebrahim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe need to turn an enemy into an adversary is an ethical obligation. I try to show that this obligation has multiple religious and philosophical resources. The ethical imperative also requires us to not overstate and magnify any problem at hand to the point that it becomes insurmountable and enmity becomes an end in itself. I do ask the question whether Springs thinks of Colin Kaepernick’s peaceful protest by taking the knee at football games as an instance of healthy conflict. Are the terms peace and healthy conflict perhaps not better viewed as allegories for the interrogation of the human condition? Perhaps healthy conflict remains a series of questions rather than concrete outcomes.
Melatonin restores the pluripotency of long‐term‐cultured embryonic stem cells through melatonin receptor‐dependent m6A RNA regulation
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Xuefei , Song Lishuang , Su Guanghua , Di Anqi , Bai Chunling , Wei Zhuying , Li Guangpeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is the most common and abundant modification on mammalian messenger RNA (mRNA) and regulates the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Research has shown that melatonin plays a fundamental role in DNA and histone modifications. However, the effect of melatonin on RNA modification is unknown. Here, for the first time, we investigated the effect of melatonin on m6A modifications in long‐term‐cultured ESCs. Pluripotency studies indicated that 10 μmol/L melatonin sufficiently maintained ESCs with stemness features over 45 passages (more than 90 days). Notably, treatment of ESCs with melatonin led to a significant decrease in the nuclear presence of m6A methyltransferase complex and decreased global m6A modification. Depletion of melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced the effects of melatonin on ESC pluripotency and m6A modification. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq) revealed that melatonin promotes stabilization of core pluripotency factors, such as Nanog, Sox2, Klf4, and c‐Myc, by preventing m6A‐dependent mRNA decay. Using cell signaling pathway profiling systems, melatonin was shown to regulate m6A modification predominantly through the MT1‐JAK2/STAT3‐Zfp217 signal axis. This study reveals a new dimension regarding melatonin regulation of gene expression at the RNA level.
Tolerance evaluation of Moringa oleifera extract to Hailan brown laying hens
Authors: Chen Zhi‐min , Chang Wen‐huan , Zheng Ai‐juan , Cai Hui‐yi , Liu Guo‐hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary addition of high‐dose Moringa extract (10 g/kg Moringa extract) on laying performance, haematological parameters, organ index and organ histopathology of Hailan brown laying hens in order to determine the safety limit of Moringa extract in laying hens diet. 270 Hailan brown commercial laying hens with similar body weight were randomly divided into three treatments, 6 replicates per treatment and 15 chickens per replicate. Corn–soybean meal‐based diet was used in the experiment, and 0, 0.75 and 10 g/kg extracts of Moringa oleifera were added to the basic diet in the experimental group. The experiment lasted 24 weeks. The results showed that the treatment group given 10 g/kg of dietary Moringa extract had no significant difference in egg‐laying performance from the control group (p > .05). Adding 0.75 g/kg Moringa extract had no significant effect on the production performance during the early stage of the experiment (p > .05), but during the later stage, F/E was significantly lower than in the control group (p < .05), and no significantly difference compared with 10 g/kg treatment group (p > .05). The addition of Moringa oleifera extract had no significant effect on serum biochemical indices of laying hens except ALB and UREA (p > .05). The addition of Moringa oleifera extract had no significant effect on blood routine indexes of laying hens except for PLT, MON and HCT (p > .05). The digestive and immune organ indexes of laying hens at the later stage of the experiment (24 weeks) were not significantly affected by the addition of Moringa extract (p > .05) except ceca. There were no obvious abnormalities in histological structure. On the whole, we find it is safe to add Moringa oleifera extract to the diet of laying hens at a dosage of less than 10 g/kg.
Comparison of direct measurement of intracranial pressures and presumptive clinical and magnetic resonance imaging indicators of intracranial hypertension in dogs with brain tumors
Authors: Giannasi Savannah , Kani Yukitaka , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Rossmeisl John H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial hypertension (ICH) is often presumptively diagnosed based on clinical or imaging findings. Clinical or imaging surrogates of ICH are not usually validated with reference standard direct intracranial pressure (dICP) recordings.HypothesesDogs with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or clinical features of presumed ICH would have higher dICP than dogs lacking those features.AnimalsTwenty dogs with gliomas and 3 normal controls.MethodsProspective, convenience study. Dogs were presumptively categorized with normal ICP or ICH from scores generated from described clinical and brain MRI indicators of ICH. dICP was recorded in anesthetized dogs using an intraparenchymal microsensor and compared between groups.ResultsdICP was not different between control (10.4 ± 2.1 mm Hg) and dogs with glioma (15.6 ± 8.3 mm Hg), or between dogs in clinically predicted ICP groups. Compared with dogs with MRI‐predicted normal ICP, MRI‐predicted ICH dogs had higher dICP (10.3 ± 4.1 versus 19.2 ± 7.9 mm Hg,P= .004), larger tumors (1.45 ± 1.2 versus 5.71 ± 3.03 cm3,P= .0004), larger optic nerve sheath diameters, and 14/14 (100%) displayed structural anatomical shifts on MRI. At a dICP threshold of 15 mm Hg, the sensitivity of MRI for predicting ICH was 90% and the specificity 69%.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancedICP measurements are feasible in dogs with brain tumors. MRI features including brain herniations, mass effect, and optic nerve size aid in the identification of dogs with ICH. Clinical estimation of ICP did not discriminate between dogs with and without ICH.