bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The modulational regime of three-dimensional water waves and the Davey–Stewartson system
Authors: Schanz Ulrich , Sulem Catherine , Craig Walter 
Published: July 2002

Nonlinear modulation of gravity-capillary waves travelling principally in one direction at the surface of a three-dimensional fluid leads to the Davey–Stewartson system for the wave amplitude and the induced mean flow. In this paper, we present a rigorous derivation of the system and show that the resulting wavepacket satisfies the water wave equations at leading order with precise bounds for the remainder.
Key steps in the analysis are the analyticity of the Dirichlet–Neumann operator with respect to the surface elevation that defines the fluid domain, precise bounds for the Taylor remainders and the description of individual terms in the Taylor series as pseudo-differential operators and their estimates under multiple scale expansions.

Résumé
La modulation nonlinéaire d’ondes se propageant principalement dans une direction à la surface d’un canal tridimensionnel conduit au système de Davey–Stewartson pour l’amplitude de l’onde et le champ moyen induit. Dans cet article, nous présentons une dérivation rigoureuse du système et nous montrons que l’approximation modulationnelle satisfait les équations des ondes de surface à l’ordre dominant.
Les étapes importantes dans l’analyse sont l’analyticité de l’opérateur de Dirichlet–Neumann par rapport à l’interface qui définit le domaine du fluide, des estimations du reste dans le développement de Taylor de l’opérateur, ainsi que la description des différents termes de la série comme opérateurs pseudo-differentiels et leurs développements multi-échelles.
The p-harmonic system with measure-valued right hand side
Authors: Dolzmann Georg , Hungerbühler Norbert , Müller Stefan 
Published: July 2002

For

2 - \frac{1}{n}<p<n

we prove existence of a distributional solution

u

of the

p

-harmonic system

\begin{align*}
- \mathrm{div}\left(\left|\nabla _{u}\right|^{p - 2}\nabla u\right) &= \mu && \text{in } \Omega \\
u &= 0 && \text{on } \partial \Omega ,
\end{align*}

where

Ω

is an open subset of

ℝ^n

(bounded or unbounded),

u : Ω → ℝ^m

, and

μ

is an

ℝ^m

-valued Radon measure of finite mass. For the solution

u

we establish the Lorentz space estimate

\left\|Du\right\|_{L^{q,\infty }} + \left\|u\right\|_{L^{q*,\infty }} \leq C\left\|\mu \right\|_{\mathcal {M}}^{\frac{1}{p - 1}}

with

q = \frac{n}{n - 1}\left(p - 1\right)

and

q^* = \frac{n}{n - p}\left(p - 1\right)

. The main step in the proof is to show that for suitable approximations the gradients

Du_k

converge a.e. This is achieved by a choice of regularized test functions and a localization argument to compensate for the fact that in general

u \notin W^{1,p}

.

Résumé

Soit

2 − \frac 1 n < p < n

,

Ω

un ensemble ouvert de

ℝ^n

(borné ou non borné) et μ une mesure de Radon avec masse finite. On démontre que le système

p

-harmonique

\begin{align*}
- \text{div}\left(\left|\nabla u\right|^{p - 2}\nabla u\right) &= \mu && \text{dans } \Omega , \\
u &= 0 && \text{sur } \partial \Omega ,
\end{align*}

possède une solution distributionnelle. Pour cette solution on établit des estimations dans les espaces de Lorentz.

\left\|Du\right\|_{L^{q,\infty }} + \left\|u\right\|_{L^{q*,\infty }} \leq C\left\|\mu \right\|_{\mathcal {M}}^{\frac{1}{p - 1}}.

lci,

q = \frac{n}{n - 1}\left(p - 1\right)

et

q^* = \frac{n}{n - p}\left(p - 1\right)

. Le pas le plus important est de démontrer que, pour des approximations propres, les gradients

Du_k

convergent presque partout. Celà est fait en choisissant des fonctions de test régularisées et en appliquant un argument de localisation pour compenser que, en général,

u\notin W^{1,p}

.
Periodic solutions for singular Hamiltonian systems and closed geodesics on non-compact Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Tanaka Kazunaga 
Published: July 2002

We study the existence of periodic solutions of singular Hamiltonian systems as well as closed geodesics on non-compact Riemannian manifolds via variational methods.
For Hamiltonian systems, we show the existence of a periodic solution of prescribed-energy problem:

\begin{align*}
&\stackrel{••}q + \nabla V\left(q\right) = 0,\\
&\frac{1}{2}\left|\stackrel{•}q\right|^{2} + V\left(q\right) = 0
\end{align*}

under the conditions: (i)

V(q)<0

for all

q \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \left\{0\right\}

; (ii)

V(q)\sim −1/|q|^2

as

|q|∼0

and

|q|∼∞

.

For closed geodesics, we show the existence of a non-constant closed geodesic on

\left(\mathbb{R} \times S^{N - 1},g\right)

under the condition:

g_{\left(s,x\right)} \sim ds^{2} + h_{0} \quad \text{as }s \sim \pm \infty ,

where

h_0

is the standard metric on

S^{N−1}

.

Résumé
Nous étudions l’existence de solutions p’eriodiques pour des systèmes Hamiltoniens singuliers, et de géodésiques fermées sur des variétes Riemanniennes non-compactes par des méthodes variationnelles.
Pour les systèmes Hamiltoniens, nouns montrons l’existence d’une solution périodique pour un probl‘eme à énergie prescrite:

\begin{align*}
&\stackrel{••}q + \nabla V\left(q\right) = 0,\\
&\frac{1}{2}\left|\stackrel{•}q\right|^{2} + V\left(q\right) = 0
\end{align*}

sous les conditions: (i)

V(q)<0

pour tout

q \in \mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \left\{0\right\}

; (ii)

V(q)∼−1/|q|^2

quand

|q|∼0

et

|q|∼∞

.

Pour les géodésiques fermées, nouns montrons l’existence d’une géodésique fermée non-constante sur

\left(\mathbb{R} \times S^{N - 1},g\right)

sous la condition:

g_{\left(s,x\right)} \sim ds^{2} + h_{0} \quad \text{as }s \sim \pm \infty ,

où

h_0

est la métrique standard sur

S^{N−1}

.
Levels of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in the developing male mouse hypothalamus and in histotypic hypothalamic cultures
Authors: Miranda‐contreras L. , Mendoza‐Briceño R.V. , Palacios‐Prü E.L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe variation in the levels of the monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters was studied during the period of neurogenesis in male mouse hypothalamus, from embryonic day 15 until the age of young adult. The results shown in this study demonstrate that the monoamines appear early in the fetal brain and that the maximum expression of the catecholaminergic system, particularly that of dopamine, occurs during the late neonatal period or mouse infancy, when the role played by the catecholamines on the maturation of the neurosecretory systems is more significant. In relation to the amino acid neurotransmitters, glutamate and taurine seem to be the principal transmitters of the hypothalamus since their concentrations were about five–tenfold higher than the levels of glycine and GABA. Both amino acids had the same pattern of variation during development, showing elevated values during the prenatal, late neonatal and early pubertal period. Increased concentrations of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA were observed on the day before birth, at the end of the neonatal period and throughout the prepubertal period, suggesting that the influence of GABA on hypothalamic neurogenesis increases by the time when the hypothalamic nuclei have reached maturity and the local circuits have been established. To determine the intrinsic neurotransmitter production, primary hypothalamic histotypic cultures prepared from mice at postnatal days 8–10 were analyzed for their content of neurotransmitters. The in vitro analysis revealed that the hypothalamic neurons intrinsically produce dopamine, glutamate, taurine and glycine in homologable amounts with those of young adult animals. The comparative analysis also showed that about 50% of the GABA content and less than 5% of the hypothalamic epinephrine level are locally produced, while serotonin comes mainly from extrinsically located neurons.
Microglia only weakly present glioma antigen to cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Flügel Alexander , Labeur Marta S. , Grasbon‐Frodl Eva‐Maria , Kreutzberg Georg W. , Graeber Manuel B. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractMicroglia and brain macrophages represent a substantial fraction of the cells present in astrocytic gliomas. Yet, the functional role of microglia in these tumors has remained enigmatic. We have compared rat microglial cells and thymocytes with regard to their ability to present purified CNS proteins, MBP and S100β, as well as C6 glioma cells to specific T lymphocytes. In addition, a new cytotoxicity assay based on fluorescence activated cell sorting of tumor cells carrying the green fluorescent protein was established. This assay was used to determine the influence of microglial population density and activational state on C6 glioma cell survival in vitro. Microglia were consistently found to present MBP and S100β less efficiently than thymocytes and appeared to be unable to present C6 glioma cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. In addition, high concentrations of microglial cells attenuated the cytotoxic effects of these T cells on C6 glioma cells whereas thymocytes significantly supported their specific killing. It is suggested that defense functions of microglial cells against C6 glioma are severely compromised and that the observed deficiency in antigen presentation may play an important role for astrocytoma growth in vivo.
Facing away from the interviewer: Evidence of little benefit to eyewitnesses' memory performance
Authors: Nash Alena , Ridout Nathan , Nash Robert A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAverting gaze from another person's face generally improves cognitive performance, yet, little is known about how witnesses' gaze direction affects their recall during investigative interviews. Here, participants witnessed a video‐recorded incident, and were interviewed via free recall and closed questions following a short delay. In Experiment 1, participants either faced the interviewer or faced away during the interview. In Experiment 2, alongside this manipulation, the interviewer also either faced the witness or faced away. In Experiment 3, witness gaze direction was manipulated alongside rapport‐building. In Experiment 4, the effect of facing away was directly compared with that of eye‐closure. Mini meta‐analysis of all four experiments showed that the effect of witness gaze direction on memory performance was minimal. Furthermore, neither aversion of interviewer's gaze nor rapport‐building magnified this effect. Added to the cumulative literature on eyewitness gaze aversion, these findings afford better estimates of the likely size of these effects.
Addressing Crime, Violence, and Other Determinants of Health through Community‐Based Participatory Research and Implementation Science
Authors: Stalker Katie Cotter , Brown Mary Ellen , Evans Caroline B.R. , Hibdon Julie , Telep Cody 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the assessment and planning phase of the Thrive community‐based initiative to reduce violence and address other determinants of health in a community in the Southwestern United States. Using community‐based participatory research (CBPR) and an implementation science framework, we engaged residents and other key stakeholders as equal partners in the assessment and planning process. The Thrive assessment and planning phase involved collaboration among researchers, residents, law enforcement, nonprofit agencies, public health, local government, and other cross‐sector partners. We used implementation science in order to examine the barriers and facilitators to addressing community health and safety, to assess the nature and scope of health and safety issues, to review existing solutions, to assess the acceptability and necessary adaptations of selected interventions, and to assess feasibility and sustainability of the initiative. Through interviews, focus groups, analysis of crime incident data, geomapping, and direct observations, our findings highlighted the presence of an open‐air drug market, the high‐stress nature of the community, concern for the lack of opportunities for youth, the lack of trust between residents and law enforcement, and a need to address the built environment to promote safety and well‐being.
Ein Methodenrepertoire für die paramagnetische NMR‐Spektroskopie zur Charakterisierung von paramagnetischen/Spin‐Crossover‐ Komplexen und Metall‐organischen Käfigverbindungen
Authors: Lehr Marc , Paschelke Tobias , Trumpf Eicke , Vogt Anna‐Marlene , Näther Christian , Sönnichsen Frank D. , McConnell Anna J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractParamagnetische Zentren erschweren aufgrund von großen paramagnetischen Verschiebungen und kurzen Relaxationszeiten die Analytik in Lösung mittels NMR Spektroskopie. Die NMR‐Analytik von paramagnetischen Komplexen ist damit im Vergleich zu diamagnetischen Komplexen deutlich limitierter und stützt sich oftmals auf theoretische Modelle und Berechnungen. Wir präsentieren hier eine “Werkzeugkiste” für 1D (1H, Protonen‐gekoppelt 13C, 13C mit selektiver Protonen‐Entkopplung, Sättigungs‐NOE) und 2D (COSY, NOESY, HMQC) paramagnetische NMR‐Methoden, die eine bisher beispiellose Strukturaufklärung bietet und in manchen Fällen zusätzliche strukturelle Informationen liefert, welche in diamagnetischen Analoga nicht beobachtet werden könnten. Durch die Charakterisierung von mononuklearen CoII‐ und high‐spin FeII‐Komplexen und einer Co4L6‐Käfigverbindung zeigen wir, dass die Techniken vielseitig und in verschiedenen Bereichen einsetzbar sind, beispielsweise in der Koordinationschemie, für Spin‐Crossover‐Komplexe und in der supramolekularen Chemie.
Selective Loading of Atomic Platinum on a RuCeOx Support Enables Stable Hydrogen Evolution at High Current Densities
Authors: Liu Tongtong , Gao Wenbin , Wang Qiqi , Dou Meiling , Zhang Zhengping , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have an important role to play in the development of renewable energy. Platinum remains the most efficient known HER electrocatalyst. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to maximize Pt utilization in actual practical applications. Herein we demonstrate a facile strategy for synthesizing RuCeOx‐supported, selectively loaded, atomic Pt (0.49 wt. %) (denoted Pt/RuCeOx‐PA) by photoactivation at ambient temperature and pressure. Through the photoelectron transfer at the Mott‐Schottky heterojunction in RuCeOx, Pt atoms became embedded into the RuO2 lattice. The resulting selectively loaded Pt‐O‐Ru moieties in Pt/RuCeOx‐PA give a stronger hydrogen spillover effect than Pt complexes randomly loaded by either chemical activation or thermal activation. As a result, Pt/RuCeOx‐PA shows superior HER performance to the materials prepared by random loading and is even better than a commercial Pt/C catalyst with much higher Pt loading (20 wt. %) at high current densities (from 50–600 mA cm−2).
From Glucose to Polymers: A Continuous Chemoenzymatic Process
Authors: Maiti Sampa , Manna Saikat , Banahene Nicholas , Pham Lucynda , Liang Zhijie , Wang Jun , Xu Yi , Bettinger Reuben , Zientko John , Esser‐Kahn Aaron P. , Du Wenjun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEfforts to synthesize degradable polymers from renewable resources are deterred by technical and economic challenges; especially, the conversion of natural building blocks into polymerizable monomers is inefficient, requiring multistep synthesis and chromatographic purification. Herein we report a chemoenzymatic process to address these challenges. An enzymatic reaction system was designed that allows for regioselective functional group transformation, efficiently converting glucose into a polymerizable monomer in quantitative yield, thus removing the need for chromatographic purification. With this key success, we further designed a continuous, three‐step process, which enabled the synthesis of a sugar polymer, sugar poly(orthoester), directly from glucose in high yield (73 % from glucose). This work may provide a proof‐of‐concept in developing technically and economically viable approaches to address the many issues associated with current petroleum‐based polymers.
Synthesis of Amides and Esters by Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Carbonylative C(sp3)−H Activation
Authors: Čarný Tomáš , Rocaboy Ronan , Clemenceau Antonin , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe 1,4‐palladium shift strategy allows the functionalization of remote C−H bonds that are difficult to reach directly. Reported here is a domino reaction proceeding by C(sp3)−H activation, 1,4‐palladium shift, and amino‐ or alkoxycarbonylation, which generates a variety of amides and esters bearing a quaternary β‐carbon atom. Mechanistic studies showed that the aminocarbonylation of the σ‐alkylpalladium intermediate arising from the palladium shift is fast using PPh3as the ligand, and leads to the amide rather than the previously reported indanone product.
Extension of cell membrane boosting squalene production in the engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Meng Yunhe , Shao Xixi , Wang Yan , Li Yumei , Zheng Xiaojian , Wei Gongyuan , Kim Seon‐Won , Wang Chonglong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSqualene is a lipophilic and non‐volatile triterpene with many industrial applications for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Metabolic engineering focused on optimization of the production pathway suffer from little success in improving titers because of a limited space of the cell membrane accommodating the lipophilic product. Extension of cell membrane would be a promising approach to overcome the storage limitation for successful production of squalene. In this study, Escherichia coli was engineered for squalene production by overexpression of some membrane proteins. The highest production of 612 mg/L was observed in the engineered E. coli with overexpression of Tsr, a serine chemoreceptor protein, which induced invagination of inner membrane to form multilayered structure. It was also observed an increase in unsaturated fatty acid in membrane lipids composition, suggesting cellular response to maintain membrane fluidity against squalene accumulation in the engineered strain. This study potentiates the capability of E. coli for squalene production and provides an effective strategy for the enhanced production of such compounds.
The interrelationships between wheat quality, composition, and dough rheology for a range of Western Canadian wheat cultivars
Authors: Tozatti Patricia , Güldiken Burcu , Fleitas María C. , Chibbar Ravindra N. , Hucl Pierre , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe overall goal of this research was to understand the interrelationships between wheat quality, grain and flour composition, and dough rheology for a range of commercially grown Canadian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (×25) within different wheat market classes.FindingsCultivar type varied in proximate analyses, which directly impacted dough handling parameters. Micro‐doughLAB absorption was positively correlated with protein content, grain hardness, wet gluten, and dry gluten content, and was negatively correlated with the gluten performance index. Strong and significant correlation was found between gluten properties, flour composition, and dough strength measurements.ConclusionsProtein and gluten properties, in particular, significantly impacted dough strength measurements. Cultivars displaying stronger gluten strengths may result in dough with better dough handling properties.Significance and noveltyThe study provides useful information about 25 commercially grown Western Canadian wheat cultivars with a range of gluten strength, and their relation to their glutenin and gliadin subunit composition, and dough handling properties.
Multiscale Approach of Spin Crossover Materials: A Concept Mixing Russian Dolls and Domino Effects
Authors: Guionneau Philippe , Marchivie Mathieu , Chastanet Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spin crossover (SCO) phenomenon corresponds to a modification that originates at the atomic scale. However, the simple consideration of the transformations that occur following the SCO at this scale or in its close vicinity does not allow anyone to truly understand, anticipate and thus take advantage of what happens at the scale of the material, and even less at the device one. As the fruit of years of work and experience on this phenomenon, we formalize here the concept of the multiscale understanding of SCO. Clearly, the deflagration generated by the initial impressive atomic modification on all the physical scales of the solid must be understood in terms of structure‐properties relationships that fit together, like Russian dolls, and propagate according to a kind of domino effect. Each scale can both give different and independent consequences from those of the other scales but at the same time can influence those of a larger or smaller scale, the whole being imperatively to take into account. The concept appears well illustrated by the volume modification, always the same at the atomic level but drastically different and adaptable, in amplitude and sense, at any other physical scale. This approach results in a much wider range of potential applications than the atomic level alone initially suggests, including one serious path to shape memory materials.
Detection of Copper Deposition on Anodes of Over‐Discharged Lithium Ion Cells by GD‐OES Depth Profiling
Authors: Flügel Marius , Waldmann Thomas , Kasper Michael , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA method based on glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD‐OES) depth profiling is developed to detect copper deposition on graphite electrodes for the first time. Commercial 18650 cells with graphite anodes were subject to Cu dissolution by over‐discharge to 0 V. On a first approach, the depth profiles for Cu show significant differences for over‐discharged cells compared to a baseline graphite electrode from cells discharged to the end‐of‐discharge voltage. An accumulation of Cu is found on the anode surface by GD‐OES, which is consistent with SEM and EDX. The trend of the total Cu amount is compared with ICP‐OES measurements.
Physiologically‐Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Characterizes the CYP3A‐Mediated Drug‐Drug Interaction Between Fluconazole and Sildenafil in Infants
Authors: Salerno Sara N. , Edginton Andrea , Gerhart Jacqueline G. , Laughon Matthew M. , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Sokol Gregory M. , Hornik Chi D. , Stewart Dan , Mills Mary , Martz Karen , Gonzalez Daniel ,   the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act – Pediatric Trials Network Steering Committee
Published: July 2020

Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can potentially predict pediatric drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) when clinical DDI data are limited. In infants for whom treatment of pulmonary hypertension and prevention or treatment of invasive candidiasis are indicated, sildenafil with fluconazole may be given concurrently. To account for developmental changes in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, we determined and incorporated fluconazole inhibition constants (KI) for CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 into a PBPK model developed for sildenafil and its active metabolite, N‐desmethylsildenafil. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data in preterm infants receiving sildenafil with and without fluconazole were used for model development and evaluation. The simulated PK parameters were comparable to observed values. Following fluconazole co‐administration, differences in the fold change for simulated steady‐state area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUCss,0–24) were observed between virtual adults and infants (2.11‐fold vs. 2.82‐fold change). When given in combination with treatment doses of fluconazole (12 mg/kg i.v. daily), reducing the sildenafil dose by ~ 60% resulted in a geometric mean ratio of 1.01 for simulated AUCss,0–24relative to virtual infants receiving sildenafil alone. This study highlights the feasibility of PBPK modeling to predict DDIs in infants and the need to include CYP3A7 parameters.