bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Our Experience of Nutraceutical Effects in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Yanchenko S. V. , Malyshev A. V. , Sakhnov S. N. , Balayan A. S. , Sergienko A. A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: to assess the possibilities of ophthalmonutraceuticals using in age-related macular degeneration (AND) patients.Patients Methods. The study included 35 patients (68.3 ± 6.3 years old; 15 men, 20 women) with AMD (AREDS-2 and AREDS-3 categories). As an ophthalmic nutraceutical, a biological active supplement was used, included vitamins C and E, zinc, lutein, zeaxantine, cooper, selenium (Retinorm; 3 capsules per day with meals). The observation period was 12 months (6 courses of therapy). There were the main control points: examination at study entry and examination at study completion. All those observed patients were underwent standard ophthalmological examination; fundus state photo registration (Nidek); OCT (Opto-Vue). The significance of a possible increase in the proportion of AREDS-3–4 AMD category patients was assessed using the Pearson γ2 test. An additional criterion was the maximum corrected visual acuity (MCVA) stabilization. The mean and its standard deviation (M ± s) were calculated, the significance of differences was assessed using the Wilcoxon’s t-test.Results. The study was completed in 33 patients. In 2 eyes a transition of AMD from the AREDS-2 to AREDS-3 category was recorded (an increase in the number and size of druses, with the appearance of large druses). The increase in the proportion of patients with the AREDS-3 AMD category was statistically insignificant (γ2 = 0.267; p = 0.606). In no case was there a transition to the AREDS-4 category. In the vast majority of those who completed the study (31 eyes; 93.9 %), the manifestations of AMD were stable, which, taking in account the chosen criterion, allows us to consider nutraceutical support to be affective. MCVA during the observation period also remained stable with a slight, but statistically insignificant tendency to its increase (from 0.72 ± 0.07 to 0.75 ± 0.09; t = 37.5, p > 0.05). One patient was excluded from the study after 6 months of observation due to development of an allergic skin reaction (presumably to the components of a nutraceutical). In the vast majority of patients (97.1%), no significant side effects of therapy were observed, the nutraceutical regimen was comfortable. One more patient was excluded from the study (after 3 months) due to his failure to appear for next follow-up examination.Conclusion. The use of Retinorm ophthalmonutraceutical can stabilize the manifestations of AMD (AREDS-2–3) in 93.9 % of patients with follow-up periods of up to 12 months. Repeated courses of therapy in 97.1 % of patients are not accompanied by significant side effects, and the regimen for taking ophthalmonutraceuticals is characterized by patients as comfortable.
Digitalization of Agriculture Sector in Japan
Authors: Kostyukova K. S. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose: this article includes the review of the Japanese policy on the digital transformation transformation of the agricultural sector, description and analysis of the implementation cases, as well as identification of obstacles to achieve the expected results.Methods: the study uses the methods of structural, comparative and systems analysis and the principle of formal logic. The article is based on the analysis of scientific and analytical materials devoted to the problem of research. The factual basis is the framework documents of the Cabinet of Japan, media, reports of Japanese research institutes.Results: the article provides a brief review and analysis of the Japanese public of digital transformation of the agricultural sector, provides some cases, summarizes the interim results of the measures taken, identifies problematic factors that prevent the achievement of the expected results. The hypothesis is put forward about the key role of the government in the process of developing new standards for the digital transformation.Conclusions and Relevance: Japan agricultural sector is facing a severe labor shortage. The situation is expected to get worse in the next 5 years. The Japanese government expects that digital technologies and autonomous equipment will compensate for the lack of labor on farms, as well as provide a new stage in the development of the traditional agricultural sector. However, the digitalization of agriculture sector is not limited to the introduction of the latest technology, but also involves the development of new safety rules for the use of robotic tractors, unmanned aerial vehicles, improving farmers ICT education, and standardizing new agricultural terms. However, despite the promise of using digital technologies, the high cost of new equipment and the complexity of its use is a significant obstacle to the digitalization of agriculture in Japan. The study of the features of the digital transformation of the Japanese agricultural sector is very important for the effective implementation of industry projects that exist today in Russia.
ULUSLARARASI MEDENİ ve SİYASİ HAKLAR SÖZLEŞMESİ’nin ve AVRUPA İNSAN HAK ve ÖZGÜRLÜKLERİ SÖZLEŞMESİ’nin EXTRATERRITORIAL UYGULANMASI
Authors: ARSAVA Ayşe Füsun 
Published: December 2020

Uluslararası Medeni ve Siyasi Haklar Sözleşmesi ve Avrupa İnsan
Hak ve Özgürlükleri Sözleşmesi insan haklarının korunması bakımından
en önemli sözleşmeler olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sözleşmelerin
lâfzına göre sözleşmelerin korunmasından istifade etmenin önkoşulu
sözleşme tarafı devletlerin egemenlik yetkilerine tabi olmaktır. Devletler
ancak günümüzde kendi egemenlik alanları dışında da tasarrufta
bulunmaktadır. Devletlerin egemenlik alanları dışındaki tasarruflarının
yol açtığı insan hakları ihlâllerinden sorumlu tutulma kriterleri
Uluslararası Adalet Divanı’nın, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi’nin
ve BM İnsan Hakları Komitesi’nin kararlarında ve görüşlerinde yer
almaktadır. Makalede söz konusu kriterler eleştirisel bir yaklaşımla
değerlendirilmektedir.
Healthcare Utilization Patterns Among Children With a History of Child Protective Services Investigations
Authors: Carr Christian L. , McLeigh Jill , Roman Heidi , Fults Jessica B. , Gonzalez Jennifer Reingle , Sanders Corron , Clutter Michiko Otsuki , Tsai Ray , Jetelina Katelyn K. 
Published: December 2020

PurposeExamine whether children with a prior child protective services (CPS) investigation had different healthcare utilization compared to children without a history of CPS investigations.MethodsThe Children's Health Assessment and Planning Survey assessed 6,492 primary caregivers of children ages 0–17 years residing in North Texas in 2015. Caregivers reported prior CPS investigations and child healthcare utilization (emergency department [ED] use, unmet medication needs, and unmet medical care needs).Principle FindingsA total of 408 (5%) caregivers reported their child had a CPS investigation. Children with CPS investigations had greater odds of visiting the ED (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.5) and not receiving necessary medical care (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4, 2.8) compared to children without a CPS investigation.ConclusionsPrior CPS investigation was associated with disparities in receipt of necessary medical care and ED utilization for children.
Ta’līm al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah min Khilâl Qudroh al-Qirâah al-Qur’ân wa Kitâbatih Laday at-Tholabah bi Madrasah al-Mutawassithah fī Kalimantan as-Syarqiy
Authors: PIMADA Luluk HUMAIRO 
Published: December 2020

The research's goal is to find out the Arabic learning process is based on the ability to read and write the Koran, and what factors influence the learning process of Arabic with the ability to read and write the Koran in students at the Madrasah Tsanawiyah level in the East Kalimamtan. The research isa descriptive qualitative research that tries to describe the process of learning Arabic by using the ability to read and write the Qur'an, the research subjects are 20 educators from the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Institute in the East Kalimamtan. The research instrument was observation, questionnaire, and documentation, data analysis using the Miles and Hubberman Model. The results of the study are the ability to read and write the Koran has an important role in learning Arabic, and one of the abilities that must be possessed by students because this ability is the initial capital in learning Arabic, if students have the ability to read and write the Koran then learning Arabic will be easier to learn and teach.
Keywords: Arabic Learning, al-Qur’an Learning, Ability of Reading, and Ability of Writing
К ВОПРОСУ О ТОЧНОСТИ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ COVID-2019
Authors: Куличенко Александр , Саркисян Нушик 
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрены вопросы точности (чувствительности и специфичности) ПЦР-анализа в зависимости от особенностей выполнения преаналитического и аналитического этапов лабораторной диагностики COVID-19, а также сравнение результатов ПЦР и компьютерной томографии легких.
В настоящее время в основе диагностики новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 молекулярно-генетический тест – полимеразная цепная реакция (ПЦР). На 1 ноября 2020 г. методом ПЦР в мире проведено более 750 млн. исследований. Накопленный к настоящему времени опыт позволяет оценить диагностическую чувствительность метода как 82-91%, специфичность – 99-100%. Имеются данные о повышении чувствительности ПЦР при повторном исследовании образцов из верхних дыхательных путей, которая составила - 82,2 % при первичном анализе и 90,6 % после двух последовательных тестов.
На точность анализа оказывает влияние целый ряд факторов. Причинами ложноотрицательных результатов молекулярных тестов могут быть недостаточное количество генетического материала вируса в пробе, сроки и погрешности при отборе биологических образцов.
Установлено, что РНК вируса SARS-CoV-2 с максимальной диагностической чувствительностью выявляется в верхних дыхательных путях за 1–3 дня до появления симптомов и далее в течение 5-6 дней после начала болезни. В этот период наблюдается наивысший риск передачи возбудителя инфекции. На второй неделе болезни отмечается увеличение частоты детекции вирусной РНК в бронхо-легочном материале. Продолжительность детекции маркеров вируса (в том числе при отсутствии жизнеспособных форм) коррелирует с тяжестью заболевания и может достигать 1-2 мес.
Другая реальная проблема ПЦР-анализа – возможность ложноположительных ответов. Ее решение требует высокого уровня организации лабораторных исследований, особенно при их значительных объемах. При этом важно, что положительные ответы ПЦР означают присутствие в образце только фрагментов его РНК, а не жизнеспособного вируса.
Отмечено, что ПЦР-анализ имеет большую специфичность по сравнению с КТ, которая не дает возможности отличить пневмонию, вызванную SARS-CoV-2 от пневмоний другой этиологии (до 25% ложноположительных ответов). Но диагностическая чувствительность КТ составляет 97,2%, что превышает значение этого показателя для ПЦР на 10-15%. Сделано заключение, что только комплексный подход с использованием ПЦР и КТ, с учетом особенностей этих методов и факторов, влияющих на точность получаемых данных, позволяет правильно интерпретировать результаты диагностики.
Comparative Economic Competitiveness Analysis of Soybean Farming with and without Subsidy to Rice and Corn Farming in Bancak Sub-district, Semarang
Authors: Mbana Febyningsi Rambu Ladu , Prihtanti Tinjung Mary , Yuliawati Yuliawati 
Published: December 2020

In Indonesia, soybeans are categorized as secondary crops with high demand. Indonesian government still emphasizes soybean self-sufficiency and efforts to grow soybean production, but the low yields and limited profitability of soybeans imply that Indonesian farmers will continue to grow other crops, namely rice or corn. This study aims to identify whether the Semarang district government must issue seed subsidies to support soybean competitiveness in terms of productivity and minimum prices so that it can compete with other crops, namely rice, and corn. Primary and secondary data are used in this study. Primary data were collected in a field survey in Bancak District. The sampling method uses a purposive sampling technique, which interviewed 45 farmers. Analyzed using descriptive statistics and competitiveness matrix analysis. The results showed that the analysis of soybean competitiveness was lower than rice and corn despite the existence of subsidy assistance.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Usahatani Petani Kakao di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia Pulau Sebatik
Authors: Mubarak Ahmad , Sulistyo Anang , Nurlela Nurlela 
Published: December 2020

Pembangunan pertanian dengan pendekatan kewirausahaan menjadi solusi yang komprehenshif dan berkelanjutan bagi pembangunan sumber daya manusia dan ekonomi sosial di wilayah perbatasan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui 1) pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan dan kinerja usahatani, 2) pengaruh karakteristik kewirausahaan terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan dan kinerja usahatani, dan 3) pengaruh kompetensi kewirausahaan terhadap kinerja usahatani. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah petani kakao dengan sampel 250 petani yang ditentukan melalui metode purposive sampling. Pengujian model analisis data yang dikembangkan menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial dan karakteristik kewirausahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kompetensi kewirausahaan dan kompetensi kewirausahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja usahatani.
Exhumation of Metamorphic Core Complexes through Progressive Subhorizontal Shearing, Doming, and Detachment Faulting: Insights from the Cretaceous Liaonan Metamorphic Core Complex, Eastern North China Craton
Authors: Zheng Yuanyuan , Liu Junlai , Hou Chunru , Sun Yanqi , Craddock John P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Early Cretaceous Liaonan metamorphic core complex (MCC), eastern North China craton, provides a field setting to evaluate progressive middle-upper crustal subhorizontal shearing, doming, and detachment faulting. The MCC is bounded by a western Jinzhou detachment fault zone (JDFZ) and a southern Dongjiagou shear zone (DSZ) that were primarily suggested to be two segments of the master detachment fault zone. Integrated structural, microstructural, quartz c-axis fabrics, and fluid inclusion analysis and zircon U-Pb dating on mylonites and syn-kinematic granites along the DSZ and JDFZ reveal that the DSZ possesses deformation characteristics that are obviously different from those along the JDFZ. The DSZ is composed of a Lower Unit of sheared Archean gneisses and an Upper Unit of sheared Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks, between which there is an obvious tectonic discontinuity contact (TDC). Rocks from below and above the TDC possess structures and fabrics with consistent geometries and kinematics with those along the JDFZ. A metamorphic break exists between the two units that were sheared at contrasting deformation conditions. Dating of zircons from syn-kinematic granitic dikes from DSZ yields an age of ca. 134 Ma, which is similar to the ages of early shearing along the JDFZ. It is concluded that the Jinzhou and Dongjiagou faults formed parts of a detachment faulting with top-to-the WNW kinematics. Exhumation of the Liaonan MCC shearing initiation along both the JDFZ and DSZ at an early stage (ca. 133~134 Ma), subsequent progressive shearing, and doming during slow cooling and exhumation before ca. 120 Ma, followed by fast cooling and rapid exhumation of the MCC by detachment faulting along the JDFZ until ca. 107 Ma.
Developing whole-school mental health and wellbeing intervention through pragmatic formative process evaluation: A case-study of innovative local practice within the School Health Research Network
Authors: Gobat Nina H , Littlecott Hannah , Williams Andy , McEwan Kirsten , Stanton Helen , Robling Michael , Rollnick Stephen , Murphy Simon , Evans Rhiannon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The evidence-base for whole school approaches aimed at improving student mental health and wellbeing remains limited. This may be due to a focus on developing and evaluating de-novo, research-led interventions, while neglecting the potential of local, contextually-relevant innovation that has demonstrated acceptability and feasibility. This study reports a novel approach to modelling and refining the programme theory of a whole-school restorative approach, alongside plans to scale up through a national educational infrastructure in order to support robust scientific evaluation. Methods: A pragmatic formative process evaluation was conducted of a routinized whole-school restorative approach aimed at improving student mental health and wellbeing in Wales. Results: The study reports the six phases of the pragmatic formative process evaluation. These are: 1) identification of innovative local practice; 2) scoping review of evidence-base to identify potential programme theory; outcomes; and contextual characteristics that influence implementation; 3) establishment of a Transdisciplinary Action Research (TDAR) group; 4) co-production and confirmation of an initial programme theory with stakeholders; 5) planning to optimise intervention delivery in local contexts; and 6) planning for feasibility and outcome evaluation. The phases of this model may be iterative and not necessarily sequential. Conclusions: Formative, pragmatic process evaluations can support researchers, policy-makers and practitioners in developing robust scientific evidence-bases for acceptable and feasible local innovations that do not already have a clear evidence base. The case of a whole-school restorative approach provides a case example of how such an evaluation may be undertaken.
Locus-specific induction of gene expression from heterochromatin loci during cellular senescence
Authors: Tomimatsu Kosuke , Bihary Dóra , Olan Ioana , Parry Aled , Schoenfelder Stefan , Chan Adelyne , Slater Guy , Ito Yoko , Rugg-Gunn Peter , Kirschner Kristina , Bermejo-Rodriguez Camino , Narita Masako , Seko Tomomi , Kugoh Hiroyuki , Shiraishi Ken , Sayama Koji , Kimura Hiroshi , Fraser Peter , Samarajiwa Shamith , Narita Masashi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cellular senescence is a fate-determined state, accompanied by reorganization of heterochromatin. While lineage-appropriate genes can be temporarily repressed through facultative heterochromatin, stable silencing of lineage-inappropriate genes often involves the constitutive heterochromatic mark, histone H3K9me3. The fate of these heterochromatic genes during the chromatin reorganization accompanying senescence is unclear. Here we show a small number of lineage-inappropriate genes are derepressed in senescent cells from H3K9me3 regions that gain open chromatin marks. DNA FISH experiments reveal that these gene loci, which are tightly condensed at the nuclear periphery in proliferative cells, are physically decompacted during senescence. Among these gene loci, NLRP3 is predominantly expressed in immune cells, such as macrophages, where it resides within an open topologically associated domain (TAD). In contrast, NLRP3 is derepressed in senescent fibroblasts, potentially due to the local disruption of the H3K9me3-rich TAD that contains it. The role of NLRP3 has been implicated in the amplification of inflammatory cytokine signalling in senescence and aging, underscoring the functional relevance of gene induction from ‘permissive’ H3K9me3 regions in senescent cells.
Transcriptome Analysis, CmMYB1&nbsp;Gene Clone From Cucumis Melo L. And Its Functional Roles Under Salt Stress&nbsp;&nbsp;
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Zhang Yan , Dai Zuyun , Yuan Yushu , Wei Shuangqin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
MYB TFs plays an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress, especially in response to salt stress. Preliminary research found that the stress resistance of the two melon varieties ‘M15’ and ‘baogua’ are quite different. To this end, we compared the transcriptomes of ‘M15’ and ‘baogua’. Transcriptome analysis found that the expression levels of 12 MYB transcription factors were significantly different between the two varieties.CmMYB1 gene was cloned from muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), and the subcellular localization results showed that CmMYB1 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Transform CmMYB1 gene into Arabidopsis thaliana, observe T3 phenotypes during the vegetative and reproductive growth periods.The results showed that the transgenic A. thaliana phenotype did not change significantly compared with the wild type . After treatment with 200 mM sodium chloride solution for 1 h and 3 h, the CmMYB1 expression increased significantly and began to decline after 6 h of salt stress, indicating that it functions in the early response to salt stress. These results provide a theoretical basis for the further study of the biological function of CmMYB1.
The structural dynamics of macropinosome formation and PI3-kinase-mediated sealing revealed by lattice lightsheet microscopy
Authors: Quinn Shayne , Huang Lu , Kerkvliet Jason , Swanson Joel , Smith Steve , Hoppe Adam , Anderson Robert , Thiex Natalie , Scott Brandon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Macropinosomes are formed by shaping actin-rich plasma membrane ruffles into large intracellular organelles in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-coordinated manner. Here, we utilize lattice lightsheet microscopy and image visualization methods to map the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of macropinosome formation relative to PI3K activity. We show that multiple ruffling morphologies produce macropinosomes and that the majority form through non-specific collisions of adjacent PI3K-rich ruffles. By combining multiple volumetric representations of the plasma membrane structure and PI3K products, we show that PI3K activity begins early throughout the entire ruffle volume and continues to increase until peak activity concentrates at the base of the ruffle after the macropinosome closes. Additionally, areas of the plasma membrane rich in ruffling had increased PI3K activity and produced many macropinosomes of various sizes. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K activity had little effect on the rate and morphology of membrane ruffling, demonstrating that early production of 3'-phosphoinositides within ruffles plays a minor in regulating their morphology. However, 3'-phosphoinositides are critical for the fusogenic activity that seals ruffles into macropinosomes. Taken together these data indicate that local PI3K activity is amplified in ruffles and serves as a priming mechanism for closure and sealing of ruffles into macropinosomes.