bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sind ländlich abgelegene Kindertageseinrichtungen „abgehängte“ Kindertageseinrichtungen? Befunde zu Unterschieden in der Strukturqualität im Stadt-Land-Vergleich am Beispiel Oberfrankens
Authors: Müller Doreen 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob zwischen städtischen, stadtnahen und ländlich abgelegenen Kindertageseinrichtungen Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Strukturqualität bestehen. Im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Forschungsergebnissen wird dies losgelöst von administrativen Grenzen betrachtet und beleuchtet Besonderheiten kleinräumiger Regionen. Die Ergebnisse basierend auf Daten des Projekts „BildungsLandschaft Oberfranken (BiLO)“ zeigen, trotz Unterschieden zwischen städtischen und ländlich abgelegenen Einrichtungen, keinen deutlichen Hinweis, dass ländlich abgelegene Einrichtungen „abgehängte“ Einrichtungen darstellen. Einrichtungen aus dem städtischen Umland, die administrativ der Landregion angehören, sind mal den städtischen mal den ländlich abgelegenen Einrichtungen ähnlich.
The pandemic push: can COVID-19 reinvent conferences to models rooted in sustainability, equitability and inclusion?
Authors: Niner Holly J. , Johri Shaili , Meyer Judith , Wassermann Sophia N. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitates a change in conference formats for 2020. This shift offers a unique opportunity to address long-standing inequities in access and issues of sustainability associated with traditional conference formats, through testing online platforms. However, moving online is not a panacea for all of these concerns, particularly those arising from uneven distribution of access to the Internet and other technology. With conferences and events being forced to move online, this is a critical juncture to examine how online formats can be used to best effect and to reduce the inequities of in-person meetings. In this article, we highlight that a thoughtful and equitable move to online formats could vastly strengthen the global socio-ecological research community and foster cohesive and effective collaborations, with ecology and society being the ultimate beneficiaries.
Transient effect of suction on the retinal neurovasculature in myopic patients after small-incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Liu Jiayan , Tonk Rahul Singh , Huang Amy Michelle , Han Elaine , Karp Carol L. , Zeng Minzhi , Zou Huyong , Zheng Yu , Luo Wei , Sha Xiangyin , Liu Zhiping 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To characterize retinal neurovasculature changes after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in myopic patients.

Setting:
Ophthalmic Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China.

Design:
Prospective interventional study.

Methods:
The corrected distance visual acuity/uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected intraocular pressure (CIOP), and corneal tomography were evaluated at baseline (PRE), postoperative day (POD) 1, and POD 7. Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thicknesses were measured. The vessel area densities (VADs, %), vessel skeleton densities (VSDs, %), vessel diameter index (VDI), and fractal dimensions (Dbox) of the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and deep vascular plexus (DVP) were measured in a circular area (ϕ 2.5 mm) centered on the fovea.

Results:
A total of 38 myopic patients were recruited. The GCIPL thickness was increased after SMILE at POD 1 and POD 7 (P < .01) but no significant changes in the pRNFL thickness. The VAD, VSD, and Dbox of the SVP were decreased at POD 1 (P < .01), but not at POD 7. The VDI in small vessels of the SVP and DVP was decreased at POD 1 (P < .05) and increased at POD 7 (P < .05). Changes in CIOP were positively correlated with changes in the GCIPL thickness. Changes in CIOP were negatively correlated with changes in the VAD of small vessels and the Dbox of total vessels in the DVP. Changes in CIOP were negatively correlated with the VSD and VDI of small vessels in the DVP and changes in the VDI of big vessels in the SVP.

Conclusions:
The transient fluctuations in the retinal neurovasculature after SMILE may represent a characteristic homeostasis pattern in patients after refractive surgery.
Friction-Drag Reduction by Transverse Wall Motion – A Review
Authors: Leschziner Michael A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe quest for drag reduction is driven by environmental concerns, in general, and the need to reduce fuel consumption in transport applications, in particular. Turbulent friction is especially important in civil aviation, accounting for over 50% of the total drag in cruise. In this context, spatially and/or temporally varying in-plane wall motion, while undoubtedly difficult to implement in practice, has attracted major interest, because of the large drag-reduction margins it yields. It is also a forcing method that is of fundamental interest, as it provokes intriguing interactions between the spanwise Stokes layer induced by the wall motion and the near-wall turbulence-regeneration mechanisms. This article provides a relatively brief, ‘entry-level’, review of research in this area, principally over the past two decades. While far from being exhaustive, the review conveys a reasonably detailed picture of some major physical issues as well as of the outcome of the most important computational and experimental studies. Particular emphasis is placed on the question of how results obtained in idealised laboratory conditions and by simulation at relatively low Reynolds-number values pertain to high values typical of high-speed transport.
Developing A Rheological Relation for Transient Dense Granular Flows Via Discrete Element Simulation in A Rotating Drum
Authors: Lin C.-C. , Jiang M.-Z. , Yang F.-L. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis work examines the μ(I) relation that describes the effective friction coefficient μ of a dense granular flow as a function of flow inertial number I, at the center of a rotating drum from its flow onset to steady state using DEM. We want to see how the internal friction coefficient of an accelerating flow may be predicted so that the associated tangential stress can be estimated with the proper knowledge of the normal stress. Under the three investigated drum speeds (3, 4.5 and 6 rpm), the bulk normal stress, σn(y), is found to be a consistent linear depth profile throughout the flow development with a slope degraded from the hydrostatic value, Ph(y), due to lateral wall friction. With the discovery of a non-constant depth-decaying effective wall friction coefficient, we derive analytically a wall-degradation factor K(h) to give σn(y)= K(h)Ph(y). The depth profile of tangential stress, however, varies in time from a concave shape upon acceleration, τa(y), to a more linear trend at the steady state, τss(y). Hence, the μa-Ia profile (with μa=τ/σn) upon flow acceleration offsets from the steady μss(Iss) relation. A pseudo-steady acceleration modification number, ΔI, is proposed to shift the inertial number in the acceleration phase to I* = Ia+ΔI so that the μa-I* data converge to μss(Iss). This finding shall allow us to predict a transient tangential stress by τa(y) = μss(I*)K(y)Ph(y) using the well-accepted knowledge of steady flow rheology, hydrostatic pressure, and the currently developed wall-degradation factor.
WHEN DID THE INCAS BUILD MACHU PICCHU AND ITS SATELLITE SITES? NEW APPROCHES BASED ON RADIOCARBON DATING
Authors: Ziółkowski Mariusz , Bastante Abuhadba Jose , Hogg Alan , Sieczkowska Dominika , Rakowski Andrzej , Pawlyta Jacek , Manning Sturt W 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAccording to the classical chronology of the Inca State, the ascension to power of Pachacuti Inca took place around AD 1438 and the construction of Machu Picchu began by AD 1450–1460. However, the improvement in the accuracy of radiocarbon (14C) dating resulting from the application of Bayesian analysis has changed our view of the historical chronology. This new research raises questions about our understanding of the cultural development of the Machu Picchu area, in the light of the new proposed chronological scheme. This paper presents a set of 11 new14C dates, derived from AMS, from the sites of Llaqta of Machu Picchu, Chachabamba, and Choqesuysuy. The latter two sites are situated within the Machu Picchu National Archaeological Park (Arqueología del Santuario Histórico Nacional y Sitio Patrimonio Mundial de Machu Picchu) and have been interpreted as being part of the contemporary Late Horizon Inca landscape. The new14C ages are modeled using Bayesian inference and present a revised dating framework for these sites and their chronological relationship with Llaqta of Machu Picchu.
SWEET DEBATES IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY BARCELONA
Authors: MANZANARES MILEO MARTA 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScholarly interest in early modern sweets has focused on the central role of these food products as markers of social distinction and conspicuous consumption in elite contexts, mainly centred on northern Europe and Italy. Less fully understood are the ways in which the increasing demand for sugar and sweets informed their production and marketing at local levels, in particular in non-courtly urban areas. This article examines the legal case against the baker Josep Cortés, accused of making and selling sponge biscuits in violation of the privilege of confectioners in late seventeenth-century Barcelona. It addresses how confectioners and bakers materially and discursively defined their products based on the use of certain ingredients, utensils, and skill. This article also illustrates a shift from a generic idea of sweetness to one which was explicitly linked to sugar in the period when sugar was becoming a semi-affordable commodity in Europe. By addressing diverse source materials including court records, printed cookbooks, handwritten recipes, and inventories, this case study exemplifies the significant material and cultural dimensions that sugar adopted during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Spanish copula selection with adjectives at age three
Authors: REQUENA Pablo E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious comprehension studies using Picture Matching Tasks (PMT) have shown that, by the age of four, Spanish-speaking children have acquired the semantics of estar being able to calculate the implicature that a property introduced with estar does not hold independent of time as well as displaying some ability to integrate discourse information about properties that change in the course of a story. This study extends that line of research to children under the age of four. Thirty-eight monolingual Spanish-speaking children were tested in two PMTs. The results show that at age three children differ from older children in their interpretation of the copulas suggesting that the distinction between ser and estar with adjectives emerges between the ages of three and four.
Aggregation, Balancing, and Respect for the Claims of Individuals
Authors: Steuwer Bastian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMost non-consequentialists “let the numbers count” when one can save either a lesser or greater number from equal or similar harm. But they are wary of doing so when one can save either a small number from grave harm or instead a very large number from minor harm. Limited aggregation is an approach that reconciles these two commitments. It is motivated by a powerful idea: our decision whom to save should respect each person who has a claim to our help, including those whom we fail to save. However, it has recently been argued that it is open to decisive objections. I develop a new limitedly aggregative view:Hybrid Balance Relevant Claims. This view is well grounded in the reasons we have to be skeptical of aggregation and resolves all recent challenges by paying careful attention to the rationale for limited aggregation.
Positive Psychosocial Factors and Cognitive Decline in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults
Authors: Zahodne Laura B. , Sharifian Neika , Kraal Ann Zarina , Sol Ketlyne , Zaheed Afsara B. , Manly Jennifer J. , Brickman Adam M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectives:Previous cross-sectional studies have documented associations between positive psychosocial factors, such as self-efficacy and emotional support, and late-life cognition. Further, the magnitudes of concurrent associations may differ across racial and ethnic groups that differ in Alzheimer’s disease risk. The goals of this longitudinal study were to characterize prospective associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognitive decline and explicitly test for differential impact across race and ethnicity.Methods:578 older adults (42% non-Hispanic Black, 31% non-Hispanic White, and 28% Hispanic) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed cognitive and psychosocial measures from the NIH Toolbox and standard neuropsychological tests over 2.4 years. Latent difference scores were used to model associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognitive decline controlling for baseline cognition, sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, physical health, and other positive psychosocial factors. Multiple-group modeling was used to test interactions between the positive psychosocial factors and race/ethnicity.Results:Higher NIH Toolbox Friendship scores predicted less episodic memory decline. One standard deviation increase in friendship corresponded to 6 fewer years of memory aging. This association did not significantly differ across racial/ethnic groups.Conclusions:This longitudinal study provides support for the potential importance of friendships for subsequent episodic memory trajectories among older adults from three ethnic groups. Further study into culturally informed interventions is needed to investigate whether and how friend networks may be targeted to promote cognitive health in late life.
Developing a consensus definition of psychosocial complexity in cancer patients using Delphi methods
Authors: Casellas-Grau A. , Jordán de Luna C. , Maté J. , Ochoa C. , Sumalla E.C. , Gil F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveCancer is one of the biggest health challenges of our times, affecting all the personal areas of a patient. The interrelationships between these areas and the need for multidisciplinary care require the assessment of psychosocial complexity in cancer patients. The main aim of this study was to reach a consensus on the general definition of psychosocial complexity in cancer and its main elements according to the experts in the field.MethodA Delphi study was performed, which first involved a comprehensive review of the literature to create a questionnaire that was validated by two expert panels. The first panel consisted of intra-institutional experts, while the second included extra-institutional experts in the field. The study included three more rounds: (1) validation of the questionnaire by the internal panel, (2) discussion of the results and resolving discrepancies, and (3) validation of the questionnaire by the external panel.ResultsAfter the four-round Delphi process, we obtained a consensus definition of psychosocial complexity in cancer patients, as well as of its main factors: medical–physical, social-family, psychological, and spiritual. A 21-indicators list and its 8-indicators brief version were also proposed as indicators of psychosocial complexity.Significance of resultsWe present a definition of psychosocial complexity in cancer patients that has been agreed by experts, also establishing its four factors: medical–physical, social-family, psychological, and spiritual. This has led to the development of a list of indicators (and its brief version) that, after a validation process, could help health professionals to identify patients with high psychosocial complexity to provide them an optimal care.
THE LOGIC OF INFORMATION IN STATE SPACES
Authors: HORNISCHER LEVIN 
Published: August 2020

AbstractState spaces are, in the most general sense, sets of entities that contain information. Examples include states of dynamical systems, processes of observations, or possible worlds. We use domain theory to describe the structure of positive and negative information in state spaces. We present examples ranging from the space of trajectories of a dynamical system, over Dunn’s aboutness interpretation of fde, to the space of open sets of a spectral space. We show that these information structures induce so-called hype models which were recently developed by Leitgeb (2019). Conversely, we prove a representation theorem: roughly, hype models can be represented as induced by an information structure. Thus, the well-behaved logic hype is a sound and complete logic for reasoning about information in state spaces.As application of this framework, we investigate information fusion. We motivate two kinds of fusion. We define a groundedness and a separation property that allow a hype model to be closed under the two kinds of fusion. This involves a Dedekind–MacNeille completion and a fiber-space like construction. The proof-techniques come from pointless topology and universal algebra.
A 31 GHz body-biased configurable power amplifier in 28 nm FD-SOI CMOS for 5 G applications
Authors: Torres Florent , Kerhervé Eric , Cathelin Andreia , De Matos Magali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a 31 GHz integrated power amplifier (PA) in 28 nm Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (FD-SOI CMOS) technology and targeting SoC implementation for 5 G applications. Fine-grain wide range power control with more than 10 dB tuning range is enabled by body biasing feature while the design improves voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) robustness, stability and reverse isolation by using optimized 90° hybrid couplers and capacitive neutralization on both stages. Maximum power gain of 32.6 dB, PAEmax of 25.5% and Psat of 17.9 dBm are measured while robustness to industrial temperature range and process spread is demonstrated. Temperature-induced performance variation compensation, as well as amplitude-to-phase modulation (AM-PM) optimization regarding output power back-off, are achieved through body-bias node. This PA exhibits an International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors figure of merit (ITRS FOM) of 26 925, the highest reported around 30 GHz to authors' knowledge.
Automatic Inversions of Strong‐Motion Records for Finite‐Fault Models of Significant Earthquakes in and Around Japan
Authors: Zheng Xujun , Zhang Yong , Wang Rongjiang , Zhao Li , Li Wenying , Huang Qinghua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAutomatic and rapid imaging of earthquake rupture process is a difficult task but critical for postearthquake response and possible tsunami early warning. We have developed an automatic system for finite‐fault inversion based on the iterative deconvolution and stacking (IDS) approach, in which we screen the waveforms and update the fault size automatically. Strong‐motion seismograms are used in offline tests to invert for the rupture processes of 34 significant earthquakes in 2008–2017 in and around Japan with magnitudesMW ≥ 6.0 occurred onshore andMW ≥ 6.5 offshore. Rupture model of an earthquake, including moment magnitude, source time function, slip distribution, rupture velocity, and stress drop, is obtained in ~1.5 min on a desktop PC. The moment magnitudes we obtained are consistent with those published by other agencies. The slip distributions, rupture directions, and velocities also agree well with those released by the Japan Meteorological Agency. In all test cases, our results show that the automatic inversion of strong‐motion data can provide reliable major source parameters without manual revision, which demonstrates great potential for emergency response and tsunami early warning purposes. The automatic inversion system developed in this work can also be used to build catalogs of finite‐fault models for moderate to strong earthquakes in other areas where the moment tensor solutions and near‐field waveform data are available.
Synergistic Effects of Midlatitude Atmospheric Upstream Disturbances and Oceanic Subtropical Front Intensity Variability on Western Pacific Jet Stream in Winter
Authors: Chen Fei Fei , Chen Qiuyu , Hu Haibo , Fang Jiabei , Bai Haokun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn winter, the western Pacific jet stream (WPJS) is located at the downstream of East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ) and East Asian polar front jet (EAPJ). It can be affected by sea surface temperature (SST) and has great impact on precipitation along the North American coast. Synergistic effects of midlatitude atmospheric upstream disturbances and oceanic subtropical front intensity variability on WPJS in winter are investigated in both observation and model experiments. It reveals that the strength and location of WPJS are determined by the configuration of atmospheric upstream disturbances and subtropical frontal zone (STFZ) intensity variability that exist concurrently. During the strong atmospheric upstream disturbances years, the WPJS is anchored at about 25–45°N, and its strength is enhanced (abated) by the intensified (weakened) STFZ. However, when the atmospheric upstream disturbances are weak, the intensity of STFZ changes the location of WPJS. An intensified (weakened) STFZ makes WPJS move southward (northward). Further studies show that strong atmospheric disturbances induce a wide and deep atmospheric baroclinicity anomaly zone, which makes the lower atmosphere obtain baroclinic energy from STFZ. Accordingly, the WPJS is anchored just the north of STFZ. At this time, the intensified (weakened) STFZ just increases (decreases) the upward baroclinic energy at the same position and thus the WPJS. However, with the weakened atmospheric upstream disturbances, the intensified (weakened) STFZ corresponds to an overhead narrow atmospheric baroclinicity anomaly zone, thus leading to the southward (northward) movements of upward baroclinic energy and the WPJS.
Atmospheric and Land Surface Contributions to Heatwaves: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Hirsch Annette L. , King Malcolm J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeatwaves are associated with prolonged hot conditions that accompany a quasi‐stationary anticyclone. This is a consequence of different heat mechanisms including subsidence, horizontal heat advection, and sensible heating from the land surface. Understanding the relative contribution of each of these heat mechanisms is important for improving the predictability of heatwaves. However, the evolution of heatwaves can vary depending upon antecedent conditions, and therefore, it is necessary to examine the role of both atmospheric processes and land surface conditions together. Using a regional climate model, we simulate five heatwaves that occurred over different parts of Australia. Using Lagrangian back‐trajectories to inform the atmospheric flow preceding each of the heatwave events, we perturb the evaporative fraction where and when the flow enters the boundary layer. We aim to understand the role of land surface energy partitioning on two of the heat mechanisms and identify under what circumstances it has limited influence on a heatwave. We find that the sensitivity to changes in land surface energy partitioning varied considerably between the events. Advection was critical by either enhancing the accumulation of heat into the affected location or for dissipating the event by ventilating the region with cooler air. Convective precipitation was triggered when increasing the evaporative fraction due to a warm atmosphere and more moisture supplied by the land surface. Finally, the contribution of each of the heat mechanisms varied between the events due to atmospheric and land surface processes and therefore generalizing the contribution of these mechanisms to heatwaves should be avoided.