bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Lateral Invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations
Authors: Nwokoro CC , Ayoade BA , Salami BA , Fatungase OM , Olatunji AA , Emmanuel EA 
Published: May 2020

Background: The initial management of a new born baby with anorectal malformation could be made only after an accurate determination of the level of the anomaly.
Objective: To determine the accuracy of lateral invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal anomalies.
Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out between January 2003 and December 2013. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral invertogram in diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations in the cases studied were determined.
Results: A total of 62 children with anorectal malformations patients were seen during the study period. The age range was 4 hours to 6 years. A total of 50 (80.6%) had lateral invertogram while only 39 films of lateral invertogram were available for analysis. A total of 22 patients had high anomalies while 12 patients had low anomalies. The accuracy of lateral invertogram in identifying anorectal anomaly was 100% and its ability to differentiate between high and low anomalies was 76.5%. The Sensitivity in identifying high anomalies was 59% while the specificity was 31.8%. The sensitivity in identifying low lying lesions was 66.5% while the specificity was 50%.
Conclusion: The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lateral invertogramin diagnosing and classifying anorectal malformations were found to be satisfactory in the present study.
Perangkat Lunak
Authors: Syafira Hana 
Published: May 2020

Nama lain dari software disebut juga perangkat lunak. Seperti nama lainnya itu, yaitu perangkat lunak sifatnya pun berbeda dengan hardware atau perangkat keras, jika perangkat keras adalah komponen yang nyata yang dapat disentuh oleh manusia, maka software atau perangkat lunak tidak dapat disentuh dan dilihat secara fisik, software memang tidak berwujud benda tapi kita bisa mengoperasikannya. Software adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang di simpan oleh komputer itu dapat berupa program atau intruksi yang akan menjalankan suatu perintah . Perangkat Lunak adalah istilah umum untuk data yang diformat dan disimpan secara digital, termasuk program komputer, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian sistem komputer yang tidak terwujud.
Prawa pacjentów muzułmanów w świetle ustawodawstwa polskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ustawy o gwarancjach wolności sumienia i wyznania
Authors: Krzysztofek-Strzała Katarzyna 
Published: May 2020

W państwie separacji przyjaznej, jakim jest III Rzeczpospolita Polska, wolność sumienia i wyznania, jako jedno z podstawowych praw człowieka, jest gwarantowana zarówno na poziome konstytucyjnym, jak i ustawowym. Z prawa tego wynika swoboda uzewnętrzniania przekonań religijnych i prawo do opieki duszpasterskiej w każdym miejscu, w którym się znajdujemy. Z racji tego, że wolność religijna ma swoje źródło w przyrodzonej godności osoby ludzkiej, jest ona zapewniona każdemu bez względu na narodowość, rasę, stan zdrowia czy przyjmowany światopogląd.
Z uwagi na rosnącą liczbę muzułmanów przebywających na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej zasadne wydaje się spojrzenie na zakres ich uprawnień w dziedzinie wolności religijnej w specyficznej i trudnej dla każdego sytuacji bycia pacjentem zakładu leczniczego. Podjęcie wskazanego tematu podyktowane jest specyfiką prawa szariatu, które reguluje nie tylko materię ściśle prawną, ale także sprawy wchodzące w sferę życia codziennego muzułmanina i rzutujące na konieczność przestrzegania szeregu reguł, znajdujących zastosowanie także w sytuacji poddania się leczeniu szpitalnemu.
Punktem wyjścia dla podjętych rozważań stała się ustawa o gwarancjach wolności sumienia i wyznania i przewidziane w niej uprawnienia wobec osób przebywających w zakładach leczniczych, które zostały skonfrontowane ze stanowiskiem prawa szariatu wobec czynności, jakim może poddać się pacjent wyznający islam. Omówione zostały m.in. zagadnienia związane z poszanowaniem prawa muzułmanina do bycia odwiedzanym przez rodzinę, prawo do postu, modlitwy czy spożywania określonych pokarmów. Przeprowadzona analiza doprowadziła do wniosku, że personel medyczny winien w możliwie najszerszym zakresie, zgodnie z przepisami prawa polskiego, zapewnić pacjentom muzułmanom warunki zgodne z wymogami ich religii. Jednakże z uwagi na to, że wolność religijna nie ma charakteru absolutnego, granicę tej wolności zawsze musi wyznaczyć wzgląd na dobro pacjentów, a przede wszystkim na wolność religijną innych osób – personelu medycznego czy pacjentów o odmiennym poglądzie religijnym.
DOES PRESTERILIZATION HAS ANY INFLUENCE ON CONSERVATIVE AND ENDODONTIC MATERIAL STERILITY, IMMEDIATELY AFTER UNPACKING AND POST EXPOSURE TO CLINICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR 15 DAYS - AN EX VIVO STUDY.
Authors: S. Anitha Rao  , Deepthi Angalakuditi  , Sunehra Sanam  , K Santhosh Reddy  , Sabavat Sangeetha  
Published: May 2020

Background: Instruments used in the operative area are colonised by various microbial organisms during usage. Sterilization is an important prerequisite to avoid cross contamination.
Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether presterilization has any influence on conservative and endodontic material sterility, immediately after unpacking and post exposure to clinical environment for 15 days.
Methods: Gutta percha cones, Rubber dam clamps, Impression trays, Dental burs (#245 bur, Access opening bur) were tested.Materials were randomly sampled at 2 time points (t0, at package opening; t1, at 15days) during their clinical usage. Vortexing, centrifuging, streak and inoculation was done. Colony formation under aerobic conditions was observed on media before and after presterilization.
Statistical analysis: Wilcoxon matched pairs test was done for comparison of data before and after pre sterilization with status of aerobic organisms at to (immediately after opening) and t1 (during clinical usage).
Conclusion: Presterilization effectively eliminates cross contamination of various aerobic microorganisms in conservative and endodontic material immediately unpacked and post exposure to clinical environment for 15 days.
Social Well-being of the Megalopolis Population as an Integral Indicator
Authors: Deriugin P. P. , Lebedintseva L. A. , Yarmak O. V. , Yi Shi , Kamyshina E. A. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The basic theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the social well-being of the population of megacities as an integral indicator, as well as current trends in the development of new diagnostic methods are considered. The experience of empirical sociological research is presented, showing methodological algorithms for system fixation and processing of the main indicators-indicators.Methodology and sources. The analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations for diagnosing the social well-being of residents of a metropolis as an integral indicator is carried out on the basis of a set of scientific approaches. They combine the characteristics of objective and subjective indicators in a single research procedure that ensure the integrity of the external and internal characteristics of the object of study.Results and discussion. From the methodological point of view, the diagnosis of social well-being is built as a system analysis of three groups of data. Firstly, the protection of residents of St. Petersburg from social dangers and threats can be measured on the basis of indicators such as environmental threats; harassment due to gender and age; arbitrariness of officials; infringement due to nationality and religious beliefs; arbitrariness of officials; political persecution; poverty; loneliness; crime. Secondly, satisfaction with life is diagnosed by referring to such parameters as attitude to the region of residence; satisfaction with life in general. Thirdly, the degree of social optimism is revealed on the basis of appeal to such parameters as confidence in the future; comparison of the present and past lifestyle; future life forecast.Conclusion. This paper captures an important point in methodological and methodological unity in approaches. In the research methodology, the integral nature of social well-being involves an appeal to theoretical and conceptual principles that are aimed at exploring such unity. Further, the same trend is continued in integrated methods for the integrated diagnosis of social well-being.
“The Revolution of Dignity" in Ukraine in the Context of Civilizational Choice
Authors: Lgnatushko I. V. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction. The actuality of the declared topic is due to the search for a way out of the protracted crisis in Ukrainian society and Russian-Ukrainian relations. The purpose of the paper is a theoretical understanding of the civilizational choice of citizens of Ukraine during the “revolution of dignity”.Methodology and sources. When studying this topic, the author relies on the civilizational and formational approaches recognized in sociology and other humanities that explain the development of societies and states. In addition, the events of 2014 are interpreted taking into account the theory of revolutions. Herewith, the author addresses both theories developed long before the “revolution of dignity” in Ukraine, as well as contemporary Russian and foreign authors who are exploring this problem. The author focuses on the result of this process, considers the next “colour revolution“ in Ukraine as a stage in determining the civilizational future of Ukraine, as a “civilizational revolution“.Results and discussion. In the scientific community, the signs of the “classical revolution“ are usually understood by the authors quite clearly, although not without exception. The author provides definitions and interpretations of the category of “revolution”, which are widely used at present to explain the revolutionary social upheavals of the late XX – early XXI century. The general and special in the above interpretations are analyzed to explain the Ukrainian events of 2014. In addition, the provisions of the civilizational approach of the theory of states are extrapolated to the Ukrainian events of 2014 in order to determine their social significance and character.Conclusion. The concept of “civilizational revolution“ is currently quite vague and ambiguous. It is proposed to interpret the events of 2014 in Ukraine as a “civilizational revolution” in the context of the civilizational approach of the typology of states. Currently, the most acute stage is observed, accompanied by the loss of territory, armed conflict between supporters of the Western development vector and the Russian or Slavic vector.
Spread technology with pine nuts meal development
Authors: Nagovska V. O. , Slyvka N. B. , Hachak Yu. R. , Mykhaylytska O. R. , Bilyk O. Ya. 
Published: May 2020

The article describes the possibility of using vegetable raw materials such as pine nuts meal as a protein-vitamin complex in spread technology. Pine nuts are rich with essential amino acids, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides and water-soluble sugars, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, macro and trace elements. It has excellent stabilizing properties in emulsion systems. Also, in article is described technology of spreads made by transformation of a fat mixture. It is justified the choice of the parameters of individual technological operations, in particular, the pine nut meal adds to spread during the homogenization process. For this purpose, dry powder is mixed with pre-pasteurized water, butter or cream in a ratio of 1:2–1:10 at a temperature of 20–40 °C. Mixture is kept at this temperature for 5–20 minutes. Then mixture is cooled to the spread homogenization temperature. Homogenization of the spread is carried out in order to improve the consistency and stability of taste during storage. Spread temperature during loading into the homogenizer should be 11–12 °C in summer and 14–15 °C in winter. Temperature of the spread after homogenization should be 13–15 °C. Optimal dose of cedar nuts meal is determined like 1 % and 3 % by weight of the finished spread. It is described organoleptic, physicochemical and structural-mechanical parameters of the finished product. Spreads containing 1 % and 3 % pine nuts have better heat resistance and moisture distribution. This can be explained by the fact that a small amount of pine nuts does not effects on the structure and texture of spreads. Researches of spread structural indicators have shown that the introduction of more than 3 % of pine nuts has negative influence on it’s structure, in fact, it causes poor moisture distribution and increases the speed of curing, which negatively effects on quality of the finished product. Using of pine nuts in the spread production is appropriate in terms of enrichment of the product with biologically active substances and in terms of expansion of the range of dairy products.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengungkapan Informasi Sosial Dalam Laporan Tahunan Perusahaan
Authors: Safrina Lia 
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of corporate characteristics,consist of size of board of commisioner, leverage, corporate size, profitability and ages of corporate to corporate social responsibility disclosure. This research can explain the decision making about the corporate social responsibility disclosure done by companies. This research used purposive sampling. The sample of this research is 16 companies. Researcher used multiple regression analysis as analysis method.The Result of this research shows that profitability have significant effect to corporate social responsibility disclosure. size of board of commisioner, leverage, corporate size and ages of corporate have not significant effect to corporate social responsibility disclosure. The Result of this research shows that size of board of commisioner, leverage, corporate size, profitability and ages of corporate have not significant effect to corporate social responsibility disclosure. That mean corporate social responsibility disclosure diseffect by five variables caused behaved the law of rule No. 40 year 2007 of limited shareholder that legalized on july 2007 section 74 that obligated to corporate to disclosure informatian social responsibility.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh dari karakteristik perusahaan yang diproksikan dalam ukuran dewan komisaris, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan umur perusahaan terhadap iumlah informasi sosial yang diungkapkan oleh suatu perusahaan. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur pengambilan keputusan informasi social perusahaan pertambangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 16 perusahaan. Metode statistik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa profitabilitas memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap jumlah informasi sosial yang diungkapkan oleh perusahaan, sedangkan ukuran dewan komisaris, leverage, ukuran perusahaan dan umur perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap jumlah informasi sosial yang diungkapkan oleh perusahaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara simultan ukuran dewan komisaris, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas dan umur perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkanpan informasi sosial perusahaan. Hal ini berarti bahwa pengungkapan informasi sosial perusahaan tidak dipengaruhi oleh kelima variabel tersebut yang disebabkan oleh diberlakukannnya Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas (UU PT), yang disahkan pada 20 Juli 2007. Pasal 74 yang mewajibkan perusahaan mengungkapkan informasi sosialnya.
C-reactive protein-guided antibiotic prescribing for COPD exacerbations: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Phillips Rhiannon , Stanton Helen , Singh-Mehta Amina , Gillespie David , Bates Janine , Gal Micaela , Thomas-Jones Emma , Lowe Rachel , Hood Kerenza , Llor Carl , Melbye Hasse , Cals Jochen , White Patrick , Butler Christopher , Francis Nick 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundAntibiotics are prescribed to >70% of patients presenting in primary care with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The PACE randomised controlled trial found that a C-reactive protein point-of-care test (CRP-POCT) management strategy for AECOPD in primary care resulted in a 20% reduction in patient-reported antibiotic consumption over 4 weeks.AimTo understand perceptions of the value of CRP-POCT for guiding antibiotic prescribing for AECOPD; explore possible mechanisms, mediators, and pathways to effects; and identify potential barriers and facilitators to implementation from the perspectives of patients and clinicians.Design and settingQualitative process evaluation in UK general practices.MethodSemi-structured telephone interviews with 20 patients presenting with an AECOPD and 20 primary care staff, purposively sampled from the PACE study. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using framework analysis.ResultsPatients and clinicians felt that CRP-POCT was useful in guiding clinicians’ antibiotic prescribing decisions for AECOPD, and were positive about introduction of the test in routine care. The CRP-POCT enhanced clinician confidence in antibiotic prescribing decisions, reduced decisional ambiguity, and facilitated communication with patients. Some clinicians thought the CRP-POCT should be routinely used in consultations for AECOPD; others favoured use only when there was decisional uncertainty. CRP-POCT cartridge preparation time and cost were potential barriers to implementation.ConclusionCRP-POCT-guided antibiotic prescribing for AECOPD had high acceptability, but commissioning arrangements and further simplification of the CRP-POCT need attention to facilitate implementation in routine practice.
Contribution of paramedics in primary and urgent care: a systematic review
Authors: Eaton Georgette , Wong Geoff , Williams Veronika , Roberts Nia , Mahtani Kamal R 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWithin the UK, there are now opportunities for paramedics to work across a variety of healthcare settings away from their traditional ambulance service employer, with many opting to move into primary care.AimTo provide an overview of the types of clinical roles paramedics are undertaking in primary and urgent care settings within the UK.Design and settingA systematic review.MethodSearches were conducted of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, theJournal of Paramedic Practice, and the Cochrane Database from January 2004 to March 2019 for papers detailing the role, scope of practice, clinician and patient satisfaction, and costs of paramedics in primary and urgent care settings. Free-text keywords and subject headings focused on two key concepts: paramedic and general practice/primary care.ResultsIn total, 6765 references were screened by title and/or abstract. After full-text review, 24 studies were included. Key findings focused on the description of the clinical role, the clinical work environment, the contribution of paramedics to the primary care workforce, the clinical activities they undertook, patient satisfaction, and education and training for paramedics moving from the ambulance service into primary care.ConclusionCurrent published research identifies that the role of the paramedic working in primary and urgent care is being advocated and implemented across the UK; however, there is insufficient detail regarding the clinical contribution of paramedics in these clinical settings. More research needs to be done to determine how, why, and in what context paramedics are now working in primary and urgent care, and what their overall contribution is to the primary care workforce.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L.
Authors: Wafa Nouioua , Sofiane Gaamoune 
Published: May 2020

1	ABSTRACT
In this study, The Montaigne of Boutaleb contains a plant heritage characterized by the presence of several species that possess medicinal properties. The methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus were prepared, the yield of the methanolic extract was 2 .99 g the percentages 37.2% and the yield of the aqueous extract is 0.98 g with percentages 19.6%. The total dosage of polyphenols and flavonoids in the methanol extract was 38.27 ± 6.30 mg EAG/g extract and 9.80 ± 0,160, mg EAG/g extract, respectively. The total dosage of polyphenols and flavonoids in the aqueous extract was 26.76± 2.47 mg EAG/g extract and 4, 15±0.09 mg EAG/g extract, respectively. The effect of aqueous and methanolic extracts of mastic leaves were evaluated using the DPPH test. Both extracts have shown a weak trapping effect towards the free radicals with an IC50 68.27 ± 9.96 μg/ml and with an IC50 72.92 ± 9.43 μg/ml respectively, then weak activity antioxidant .The antibacterial activity of the methanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of Pistacia lentiscus is significant. The aqueous and methanolic extract of mastic leaves possess a very strong anti-inflammatory activity to protect the membrane of human blood red blood cells.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN JENIS BAHAN PENGGUMPAL LATEKS TERHADAP MUTU SIR 20
Authors: Hidayoko Ganif , Wulandra Okta 
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is the number two country 's that produce of natural rubber in the world after Thailand. The main drawback of natural rubber when compared to synthetic rubber is in the consistency of its quality. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of coagulant agent : alum, acetic acid and TSP ( Triple Super Phosphate ) on the ash content and the value of plasticity retention index ( PRI ) of SIR 20 ( Standard Indonesian Rubber ). Research conducted two (2 ) stages, namely the stage of processing rubber SIR 20 with latex base material. Clots made with latex coagulant treatment variations, which alum, acetic acid and TSP. Once formed rubber SIR 20, then analyzed ash content and value analysis PRI. The experimental design used was a factorial design experiment with a single factor, namely the type of coagulant consisting of a 20 % solution of TSP, 20 % alum solution and 20 % acetic acid solution with three times repetition of treatment, if there is a real difference, then tested further by DMRT. The results showed that the use of acetic acid coagulant and alum produce rubber SIR 20 with ash content and PRI value that meets the standards set by SNI 06-1903-2000, whereas coagulant TSP produce rubber SIR 20 with PRI values that are in accordance with standard, but the ash content above the standards set by the SNI.Keywords : latex, coagulant, SIR 20