bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Andean Mountain Building and Foreland Basin Evolution During Thin‐ and Thick‐Skinned Neogene Deformation (32–33°S)
Authors: Mackaman‐Lofland Chelsea , Horton Brian K. , Fuentes Facundo , Constenius Kurt N. , Ketcham Richard A. , Capaldi Tomas N. , Stockli Daniel F. , Ammirati Jean‐Baptiste , Alvarado Patricia , Orozco Paola 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe southern Central Andes recorded retroarc shortening, basin evolution, and magmatic arc migration during Neogene changes in subduction. At 31–33°S, above the modern flat‐slab segment, spatial and temporal linkages between thin‐ and thick‐skinned foreland shortening, basement‐involved exhumation of the main Cordillera, and lower‐crustal hinterland thickening remain poorly resolved. We integrate new geochronological and thermochronological data for thrust sheets and Neogene foreland basin fill with structural, sedimentological, and passive seismic results to reconstruct the exhumation history and evaluate potential geometric linkages across structural domains. 40Ar/39Ar ages for volcanic horizons and zircon U‐Pb ages for synorogenic clastic deposits in the Manantiales Basin constrain the minimum duration of synorogenic sedimentation to ~22–14 Ma. Detrital zircon age distributions record sequential unroofing of hinterland thrust sheets until ~15 Ma, followed by eastward (cratonward) advance of the deformation front, shutoff of western sediment sources, and a shift from fluvial to alluvial fan deposition at ~14 Ma. Apatite (U‐Th)/He cooling ages confirm rapid exhumation of basement‐involved structural blocks and basin partitioning by ~14–5 Ma, consistent with the timing of the Manantiales facies and provenance shifts and a coeval (~12–9 Ma) pulse of thin‐skinned shortening and exhumation previously identified in the eastern foreland. Late Miocene–Pliocene (~8–2 Ma) cooling ages along the Chile‐Argentina border point to hinterland uplift during the latest stage of Andean orogenesis. Finally, geophysical constraints on crustal architecture and low‐temperature thermochronometry results are compatible with a hybrid thin‐ and thick‐skinned décollement spanning retroarc domains.
Survival of African-American and Caucasian men after sipuleucel-T immunotherapy: outcomes from the PROCEED registry
Authors: Sartor Oliver , Armstrong Andrew J. , Ahaghotu Chiledum , McLeod David G. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Penson David F. , Kantoff Philip W. , Vogelzang Nicholas J. , Hussain Arif , Pieczonka Christopher M. , Shore Neal D. , Quinn David I. , Small Eric J. , Heath Elisabeth I. , Tutrone Ronald F. , Schellhammer Paul F. , Harmon Matthew , Chang Nancy N. , Sheikh Nadeem A. , Brown Bruce , Freedland Stephen J. , Higano Celestia S. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
African Americans experience greater prostate cancer risk and mortality than do Caucasians. An analysis of pooled phase III data suggested differences in overall survival (OS) between African American and Caucasian men receiving sipuleucel-T. We explored this in PROCEED (NCT01306890), an FDA-requested registry in over 1900 patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with sipuleucel-T.

Patients and methods
OS for patients who received ≥1 sipuleucel-T infusion was compared between African American and Caucasian men using an all patient set and a baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-matched set (two Caucasians to every one African American with baseline PSAs within 10% of each other). Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted. Survival data were examined using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard methodologies.

Results
Median follow-up was 46.6 months. Overall survival differed between African American and Caucasian men with hazard ratios (HR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68–0.97, P = 0.03) in the all patient set and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.57–0.86, P < 0.001) in the PSA-matched set. Median OS was longer in African Americans than in Caucasian men for both analysis sets, e.g., 35.3 and 25.8 months, respectively, in the PSA-matched set. Similar results were observed in the all patient set. Differences were larger when treatment began at lower baseline PSA; curves were more similar among patients with higher baseline PSA. In patients with baseline PSA below the median, the HR was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37–0.72, P < 0.001), with median OS of 54.3 versus 33.4 months. Known prognostic factors and African American race (multivariable analyses; HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48–0.74, P < 0.001) were independently associated with OS. Use of post-sipuleucel-T anticancer interventions was balanced between races.

Conclusion
In this exploratory analysis of a registry including nearly 12% African American men with mCRPC, OS was significantly different between African Americans and Caucasians, indicating further research is warranted.
Macropinocytosis confers resistance to therapies targeting cancer anabolism
Authors: Jayashankar Vaishali , Edinger Aimee L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMacropinocytic cancer cells scavenge amino acids from extracellular proteins. Here, we show that consuming necrotic cell debris via macropinocytosis (necrocytosis) offers additional anabolic benefits. A click chemistry-based flux assay reveals that necrocytosis provides not only amino acids, but sugars, fatty acids and nucleotides for biosynthesis, conferring resistance to therapies targeting anabolic pathways. Indeed, necrotic cell debris allow macropinocytic breast and prostate cancer cells to proliferate, despite fatty acid synthase inhibition. Standard therapies such as gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin and gamma-irradiation directly or indirectly target nucleotide biosynthesis, creating stress that is relieved by scavenged nucleotides. Strikingly, necrotic debris also render macropinocytic, but not non-macropinocytic, pancreas and breast cancer cells resistant to these treatments. Selective, genetic inhibition of macropinocytosis confirms that necrocytosis both supports tumor growth and limits the effectiveness of 5-FU in vivo. Therefore, this study establishes necrocytosis as a mechanism for drug resistance.
Potash fertilizer promotes incipient salinization in groundwater irrigated semi-arid agriculture
Authors: Buvaneshwari Sriramulu , Riotte Jean , Sekhar Muddu , Sharma Amit Kumar , Helliwell Rachel , Kumar M. S. Mohan , Braun J. J. , Ruiz Laurent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIncipient groundwater salinization has been identified in many arid and semi-arid regions where groundwater is increasingly used for irrigation, but the dominant processes at stake in such context are yet uncertain. Groundwater solutes originates from various sources such as atmospheric inputs, rock dissolution and fertilizer residues, and their concentration is controlled by hydrological processes, in particular evapotranspiration. Here, we propose a deconvolution method to identify the sources and processes governing the groundwater Chloride concentration in agricultural catchments, using the relative variations of Sodium and Chloride and using a neighbouring pristine catchment as a reference for the release rate of Na by weathering. We applied the deconvolution method to the case of the Kabini Critical Zone Observatory, South India, where groundwater was sampled in 188 farm tubewells in the semi-arid catchment of Berambadi and in 5 piezometers in the pristine catchment of Mule Hole. In Berambadi, groundwater composition displayed a large spatial variability with Cl contents spanning 3 orders of magnitude. The results showed that the concentration factor due to evapotranspiration was on average about 3 times more than in the natural system, with higher values in the valley bottoms with deep Vertisols. Linked with this process, large concentration of Chloride originating from rain was found only in these areas. At the catchment scale, about 60 percent of the Chloride found in groundwater originates from fertilizer inputs. These results show that Potassium fertilization as KCl is an important source of groundwater salinization in semi-arid context, and stress that identifying dominant drivers is crucial for designing efficient mitigation policies.
Rigorous characterization of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) in the low centrifugation pellet - a neglected source for uEVs
Authors: Musante Luca , Bontha Sai Vineela , La Salvia Sabrina , Fernandez-Piñeros Angela , Lannigan Joanne , Le Thu H. , Mas Valeria , Erdbrügger Uta 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUrinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) provide bio-markers for kidney and urogenital diseases. Centrifugation is the most common method used to enrich uEVs. However, a majority of studies to date have focused on the ultracentrifugation pellet, potentially losing a novel source of important biomarkers that could be obtained at lower centrifugation. Thus, the aim of this study is to rigorously characterize for the first time uEVs in the low speed pellet and determine the minimal volume of urine required for proteomic analysis (≥9.0 mL urine) and gene ontology classification identified 75% of the protein as extracellular exosomes. Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy (≥3.0 mL urine) provided evidence of a heterogeneous population of EVs for size and morphology independent of uromodulin filaments. Western blot detected several specific uEV kidney and EV markers (≥4.5 mL urine per lane). microRNAs quantification by qPCR was possible with urine volume as low as 0.5 mL. Particle enumeration with tunable resistive pulse sensing, nano particles tracking analysis and single EV high throughput imaging flow cytometry are possible starting from 0.5 and 3.0 mL of urine respectively. This work characterizes a neglected source of uEVs and provides guidance with regard to volume of urine necessary to carry out multi-omic studies and reveals novel aspects of uEV analysis such as autofluorescence of podocyte origin.
Aberrant expression of PAR bZIP transcription factors is associated with epileptogenesis, focus on hepatic leukemia factor
Authors: Rambousek Lukas , Gschwind Tilo , Lafourcade Carlos , Paterna Jean-Charles , Dib Linda , Fritschy Jean-Marc , Fontana Adriano 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpilepsy is a widespread neurological disease characterized by abnormal neuronal activity resulting in recurrent seizures. There is mounting evidence that a circadian system disruption, involving clock genes and their downstream transcriptional regulators, is associated with epilepsy. In this study, we characterized the hippocampal expression of clock genes and PAR bZIP transcription factors (TFs) in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA). The expression of PAR bZIP TFs was significantly altered following KA injection as well as in other rodent models of acquired epilepsy. Although the PAR bZIP TFs are regulated by proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral tissues, we discovered that the regulation of their expression is inflammation-independent in hippocampal tissue and rather mediated by clock genes and hyperexcitability. Furthermore, we report that hepatic leukemia factor (Hlf), a member of PAR bZIP TFs family, is invariably downregulated in animal models of acquired epilepsy, regulates neuronal activity in vitro and its overexpression in dentate gyrus neurons in vivo leads to altered expression of genes associated with seizures and epilepsy. Overall, our study provides further evidence of PAR bZIP TFs involvement in epileptogenesis and points to Hlf as the key player.
The enhancement of plant secondary metabolites content in Lactuca sativa L. by encapsulated bioactive agents
Authors: Jurić Slaven , Sopko Stracenski Katarina , Król-Kilińska Żaneta , Žutić Ivanka , Uher Sanja Fabek , Đermić Edyta , Topolovec-Pintarić Snježana , Vinceković Marko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEncapsulated bioactive agents applied to the Lactuca sativa L. present an innovative approach to stimulate the production of plant secondary metabolites increasing its nutritive value. Calcium and copper ions were encapsulated in biopolymeric microparticles (microspheres and microcapsules) either as single agents or in combination with biocontrol agents, Trichoderma viride spores, a fungal plant growth mediator. Both, calcium and copper ions are directly involved in the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites and alongside, Trichoderma viride can provide indirect stimulation and higher uptake of nutrients. All treatments with microparticles had a positive effect on the enhancement of plant secondary metabolites content in Lactuca sativa L. The highest increase of chlorophylls, antioxidant activity and phenolic was obtained by calcium-based microparticles in both, conventionally and hydroponically grown lettuces. Non-encapsulated fungus Trichoderma viride enhanced the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites only in hydroponics cultivation signifying the importance of its encapsulation. Encapsulation proved to be simple, sustainable and environmentally favorable for the production of lettuce with increased nutritional quality, which is lettuce fortified with important bioactive compounds.
Utilizing Electrocochleography as a Microphone for Fully Implantable Cochlear Implants
Authors: Riggs William Jason , Hiss Meghan M. , Skidmore Jeffrey , Varadarajan Varun V. , Mattingly Jameson K. , Moberly Aaron C. , Adunka Oliver F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCurrent cochlear implants (CIs) are semi-implantable devices with an externally worn sound processor that hosts the microphone and sound processor. A fully implantable device, however, would ultimately be desirable as it would be of great benefit to recipients. While some prototypes have been designed and used in a few select cases, one main stumbling block is the sound input. Specifically, subdermal implantable microphone technology has been poised with physiologic issues such as sound distortion and signal attenuation under the skin. Here we propose an alternative method that utilizes a physiologic response composed of an electrical field generated by the sensory cells of the inner ear to serve as a sound source microphone for fully implantable hearing technology such as CIs. Electrophysiological results obtained from 14 participants (adult and pediatric) document the feasibility of capturing speech properties within the electrocochleography (ECochG) response. Degradation of formant properties of the stimuli /da/ and /ba/ are evaluated across various degrees of hearing loss. Preliminary results suggest proof-of-concept of using the ECochG response as a microphone is feasible to capture vital properties of speech. However, further signal processing refinement is needed in addition to utilization of an intracochlear recording location to likely improve signal fidelity.
Effect direction meta-analysis of GWAS identifies extreme, prevalent and shared pleiotropy in a large mammal
Authors: Xiang Ruidong , van den Berg Irene , MacLeod Iona M. , Daetwyler Hans D. , Goddard Michael E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn genome-wide association studies (GWAS), variants showing consistent effect directions across populations are considered as true discoveries. We model this information in an Effect Direction MEta-analysis (EDME) to quantify pleiotropy using GWAS of 34 Cholesky-decorrelated traits in 44,000+ cattle with sequence variants. The effect-direction agreement between independent bull and cow datasets was used to quantify the false discovery rate by effect direction (FDRed) and the number of affected traits for prioritised variants. Variants with multi-trait p < 1e–6 affected 1∼22 traits with an average of 10 traits. EDME assigns pleiotropic variants to each trait which informs the biology behind complex traits. New pleiotropic loci are identified, including signals from the cattle FTO locus mirroring its bystander effects on human obesity. When validated in the 1000-Bull Genome database, the prioritized pleiotropic variants consistently predicted expected phenotypic differences between dairy and beef cattle. EDME provides robust approaches to control GWAS FDR and quantify pleiotropy.
Influence of electronic scavenger additives on AC breakdown voltage of synthetic ester
Authors: Khaled Usama , Beroual Abderrahmane , Khan Yasin 
Published: February 2020

This study deals with the influence of two kinds of electronic scavenger additives/compounds, namely methyl iodide (iodomethane), CH3I, and carbon tetrachloride CCl4 on the breakdown voltage (UBDV) of MIDEL 7131 synthetic ester (SE). The tests are conducted under 60 Hz AC voltage according to the IEC 60156 standard, for various concentrations of additives ranging 0–600 ppm. Statistical analysis is performed to check whether the experimental data obey the most used probabilistic distributions for electrical BDVs, namely normal and Weibull laws. The estimation of the BDV with risk probabilities of 1 and 50% are also deduced. It is shown that the average BDV of SE increases with the concentration of both additives up to an optimum value beyond which it decreases; the optimum concentration for both cases is 400 ppm. The improvement of the average UBDV is about 27% with CH3I and 21% with CCl4. The values of UBDV conform to Weibull distribution with CH3I; it is also the case with CCl4, except for 200 ppm.
The role of disc torques in forming resonant planetary systems
Authors: Ataiee S. , Kley W. 
Published: February 2020

Context. The most accurate method for modelling planetary migration and hence the formation of resonant systems is using hydrodynamical simulations. Usually, the force (torque) acting on a planet is calculated using the forces from the gas disc and the star, while the gas accelerations are computed using the pressure gradient, the star, and the planet’s gravity, ignoring its own gravity. For a non-migrating planet the neglect of the disc gravity results in a consistent torque calculation while for a migrating case it is inconsistent.
Aims. We aim to study how much this inconsistent torque calculation can affect the final configuration of a two-planet system. We focus on low-mass planets because most of the multi-planetary systems, discovered by the Kepler survey, have masses around ten Earth masses.
Methods. Performing hydrodynamical simulations of planet–disc interaction, we measured the torques on non-migrating and migrating planets for various disc masses as well as density and temperature slopes with and without considering the self-gravity of the disc. Using this data, we found a relation that quantifies the inconsistency, used this relation in an N-body code, and performed an extended parameter study modelling the migration of a planetary system with different planet mass ratios and disc surface densities, to investigate the impact of the torque inconsistency on the architecture of the planetary system.
Results. Not considering disc self-gravity produces an artificially larger torque on the migrating planet that can result in tighter planetary systems. The deviation of this torque from the correct value is larger in discs with steeper surface density profiles.
Conclusions. In hydrodynamical modelling of multi-planetary systems, it is crucial to account for the torque correction, otherwise the results favour more packed systems. We examine two simple correction methods existing in the literature and show that they properly correct this problem.
Konventionelles SPECT und neue Kamerasysteme – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Nekolla Stephan G. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Herzperfusionsszintigrafie ist seit Jahrzehnten ein gut etabliertes Verfahren, dass bei guter diagnostischer Genauigkeit ausgesprochen routinetauglich ist. Dieser Übersichtsartikel fasst den aktuellen Stand der Technik und neue methodische Entwicklungen zusammen. Darüber hinaus werden Aspekte der Auswertung, der Strahlenbelastung und neuer Quantifizierungskonzepte betrachtet.
Nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung bei infektiöser Endokarditis und Device-Infektionen
Authors: Lindner Oliver 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDie infektiöse Endokarditis (IE) stellt eine lebensbedrohende Erkrankung dar. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Zahl kardialer Eingriffe und Implantate steigen die Endokarditisfälle. Die Diagnose der infektiösen Endokarditis ist komplex und wird anhand der Klinik, der Mikrobiologie und der Bildgebung gestellt. Nach einer Überarbeitung der ESC-Leitlinie zur Endokarditis wurden die 18F-FDG-PET-CT und die Leukozyten-SPECT-CT in den diagnostischen Algorithmus der Endokarditis-Diagnostik aufgenommen. Indikationen bestehen beim Verdacht auf eine Protheseninfektion und zusätzlich bei der Suche nach septischen Thrombembolien. Der Benefit der nuklearmedizinischen Diagnostik liegt in einer deutlichen Verringerung der IE-Verdachtsdiagnosen und einer zuverlässigeren Zuordnung in die Kategorien „IE sicher“ bzw. „IE ausgeschlossen“.Darüber hinaus eignet sich die 18F-FDG-PET-CT für die Diagnostik von Schrittmacherinfektionen, Sondenbeteiligungen und die Entzündungslokalisation bei kardialen Unterstützungssystemen.Die nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung bei Endokarditis erfordert eine spezielle Patientenvorbereitung und die Kenntnis spezifischer Pitfalls, die sich durch die Absorptionskorrektur und die physiologische Reaktion auf das Fremdkörpermaterial ergeben.
Treatment of Monolateral Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease with Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in 32 Dogs
Authors: Crovace Alberto Maria , Lacitignola Luca , Staffieri Francesco , Francioso Edda , Rossi Giacomo , Crovace Antonio 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective In the present study, we report our results of the use of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) as a minimally invasive treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes in dogs.
Study Design In accordance with Ljunggren's scale, inclusion criteria were determined by clinical condition and radiographic features of the disease, resulting in 32 dogs enrolled in this retrospective study from 2007 to 2019. Bone marrow was collected from each dog from the iliac crest and the mononuclear fraction was separated with density gradient centrifugation. The mean number of BMMCs was 104.7 ± 46.5 × 106 cells. The mean BMMC colony-forming units were 71.6 ± 51.9 × 102/mL.Cells were suspended in fibrin glue before BMMC administration and implanted via transcutaneous injection under computed tomography or radiographic guidance, using a Jamshidi needle inserted through the femoral head and neck.
Results A progressive reduction of pain within 3 weeks after BMMC administration was observed in 28 patients, with gradually increased weight bearing on the affected limb. In four dogs, however, pain and lameness persisted and at 3 months post-BMMC injection, femoral head and neck resection was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were done on samples from those four dogs, which showed evidence of formation of new cartilage and subchondral bone in the area where cells were implanted.
Clinical Significance Based on these results, BMMC therapy may be considered as effective and minimally invasive treatment option for LCPD in dogs.