bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing craniovascular traits in artificially modified pre‐Columbian crania from Cuba, the largest Caribbean archipelago
Authors: Rangel‐de Lázaro Gizéh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impressions left by the vascular system on the surface of the skull, like those of the middle meningeal vessels, the dural venous sinuses, and the emissary veins, are a unique source of vascular and anatomical evidence when working with osteological collections, as is the case with bioarchaeological, forensic, and paleoanthropological investigations. Craniovascular features have been investigated in multiple modern human populations; however, no information is available on their analysis in artificially modified pre‐Hispanic Caribbean skulls. To shed light on this matter, this report provides a reference for the prevalence, characterization, and distribution of craniovascular traits using a collection of fronto‐occipital tabular oblique artificially shaped pre‐Columbian crania from Cuba (the largest archipelago in the Caribbean) as a case study. Results suggest that changes produced by intentional head‐shaping may have affected the pattern and direction of endocranial vascular structures, whereas emissary foramina placed in less‐affected areas appear to be less influenced by changes in cranial morphology. Future work will investigate the consequences of artificial modification on the cranial and endocranial vascular systems and compare them with unmodified pre‐Columbian specimens. Also, the effects of head shaping in endocranial thermoregulation should be explored in the future. Providing new knowledge about the prevalence and variation of the craniovascular traits may be useful not only in research based on osteoarcheological collections but also in medicine.
Correlations between phytochemical fingerprints of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts and their antioxidant activities revealed by chemometric analysis
Authors: Xu Yongbing , Chen Guilin , Guo Mingquan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionMoringa oleifera Lam. is widely cultivated and applied in tropical and subtropical areas. Numerous studies have been focused on the antioxidant capacity of M. oleifera leaves, but its correlated bioactive phytochemicals remain elusive.ObjectiveIn order to search for the corresponding chemical compounds from M. oleifera leaves responsible for their antioxidant activity, the correlations between phytochemical fingerprints of 15 batches of M. oleifera leaves and their antioxidant activities were investigated by using chemometric analysis.Material and MethodsFifteen batches of M. oleifera leaves were extracted with 90% ethanol solution, and their phytochemical fingerprints and antioxidant activities were estimated by using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet‐electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐UV/ESI‐MS/MS), and three detected methods, namely 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, respectively. Chemometric analysis was then applied to reveal the correlations between their phytochemical fingerprints and corresponding antioxidant capacity.ResultsFifteen M. oleifera leaf extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activities, in which 24 common compounds were identified by LC–MS. Furthermore, the partial least squares (PLS) analysis indicated that compounds 14, 16, 18 and 23 were the main potential effective components in at least two antioxidant tests. They were identified as kaempferol 3‐O‐rutinoside, quercetin 3‐O‐(6″‐malonyl‐glucoside), kaempferol 3‐O‐glucoside, and quercetin derivative, respectively.ConclusionThe correlations between phytochemical fingerprints of M. oleifera leaf extracts and their corresponding antioxidant capacities were revealed by chemometric analysis, which provides an alternative method for screening for potential bioactive compounds with antioxidant capacity from M. oleifera leaves.
The emotion management of transnational living
Authors: Engbersen Godfried , Snel Erik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article explores how individuals with transnational lives handle emotion management in the form of cognitive and behavioural strategies. Transnational living is defined as spending substantial amounts of time and resources in two or more countries over a longer period. We use data derived through the ‘Transnational Lives in the Welfare State’ (TRANSWEL) research project, for which we conducted 91 semistructured interviews with 85 individuals and six couples leading transnational lives. These respondents include immigrants living in Norway or the Netherlands as well as native‐born residents of both countries who live parts of the year abroad. While the emergent literature highlights how migration and transnationalism generally evoke feelings of nonbelonging, loss, homelessness, sorrow and guilt, we found that for many respondents, transnational living has predominantly positive attributes and that they could manage the emotional challenges of a transnational life. These results can be explained by our respondents' backgrounds, being relatively highly educated and embedded in an advanced welfare state.
Longitudinal Tumor Size and Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio Are Prognostic Biomarkers for Overall Survival in Patients With Advanced Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Durvalumab
Authors: Gavrilov Sergey , Zhudenkov Kirill , Helmlinger Gabriel , Dunyak James , Peskov Kirill , Aksenov Sergey 
Published: December 2020

Therapy optimization remains an important challenge in the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated tumor size (sum of the longest diameters (SLD) of target lesions) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as longitudinal biomarkers for survival prediction. Data sets from 335 patients with NSCLC from study NCT02087423 and 202 patients with NSCLC from study NCT01693562 of durvalumab were used for model qualification and validation, respectively. Nonlinear Bayesian joint models were designed to assess the impact of longitudinal measurements of SLD and NLR on patient subgrouping (by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 criteria at 3 months after therapy start), long‐term survival, and precision of survival predictions. Various validation scenarios were investigated. We determined a more distinct patient subgrouping and a substantial increase in the precision of survival estimates after the incorporation of longitudinal measurements. The highest performance was achieved using a multivariate SLD and NLR model, which enabled predictions of NSCLC clinical outcomes.
Robust output regulation for Timoshenko beam equation with two inputs and two outputs
Authors: Guo Bao‐Zhu , Meng Tingting 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this article, we consider two‐dimensional robust output tracking for a Timoshenko beam equation where the disturbances and references are produced by a finite‐dimensional exosystem. This requires at least two controls from basic output regulation theory of linear systems. The observer‐based error feedback control approach is adopted in investigation through the following steps: (a) for the plant with no systematic uncertainties, choose a set of disturbances and references to obtain a nominal system; (b) for the nominal system, design an observer to realize 2‐copy of the exosystem; (c) find a feedforward control for nominal system; and (d) allocate proportionally the states in feedforward control by those of the observer to obtain an observer based error feedback control also for nominal system. Since the control contains a 2‐copy of the exo‐system and the states of the observer are proportionally allocated in control, the problem is significantly different from SISO cases. The error feedback control is then proved to be bounded and also robust to systematic uncertainties and all disturbances and references produced from the exo‐system. The numerical simulations validate the theoretical results.
Schedule‐Aware Bundle Routing: Analysis and enhancements
Authors: Caini Carlo , De Cola Gian Marco , Persampieri Lorenzo 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe Delay‐/Disruption‐Tolerant Networking (DTN) architecture was designed to cope with challenges such as long delays and intermittent connectivity. To exploit the a priori knowledge of contacts, typical of space networks, NASA‐JPL designed and included in ION (its DTN protocol suite) the Contact Graph Routing (CGR) algorithm. This paper studies the latest version, recently standardized as Schedule‐Aware Bundle Routing (SABR) within the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). The first part of the paper is devoted to the algorithm analysis, which distinguishes three logical phases to examine sequentially. Following this comprehensive study, three enhancements are proposed, which aim to improve SABR accuracy and resistance against possible loops. They are studied on a simple but challenging DTN topology, implemented on a virtual GNU/Linux testbed. Tests are performed by running the latest version of ION and an independent implementation of SABR developed by the authors, Unibo‐CGR. The numerical results are then examined in detail to highlight both SABR mechanisms and the advantages offered by the proposed enhancements.
Brain-derived neurotropic factor mediates neuroprotection of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles against severe intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn rats
Authors: Ahn So Yoon , Sung Dong Kyung , Kim Young Eun , Sung Sein , Chang Yun Sil , Park Won Soon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), which is secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), protects against severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)-induced brain injuries. Although the paracrine protective effects of MSCs are mediated primarily by extracellular vesicles (EVs), the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-derived EVs and the role of the BDNF in the EVs have not been studied. This study aimed to determine whether MSC-derived EVs attenuate severe IVH-induced brain injuries, and if so, whether this protection is mediated by BDNF transfer. We compared the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, MSC-derived EVs with or without BDNF knockdown, and fibroblast-derived EVs in vitro in rat cortical neuronal cells challenged with thrombin and in vivo in newborn rats by injecting 200 μL of blood at postnatal day (P) 4 and transplanting 1 × 105 MSCs or 20 μg of EVs at P6. The MSCs and MSC-derived EVs, but not the EVs derived from BDNF-knockdown MSCs or fibroblasts, significantly attenuated in vitro thrombin-induced neuronal cell death and in vivo severe IVH-induced brain injuries such as increased neuronal cell death, astrogliosis, and inflammatory responses; reduced myelin basic protein and neurogenesis; led to progression of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus; and impaired behavioral test performance. Our data indicate that MSC-derived EVs are as effective as parental MSCs in attenuating severe IVH-induced brain injuries, and this neuroprotection is primarily mediated by BDNF transfer via EVs.
Does inflammation link stress to poor COVID‐19 outcome?
Authors: Lamontagne Steven J. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Olmstead Mary C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) continues to ravage communities across the world. Despite its primary effect on the respiratory system, the virus does not solely impact those with underlying lung conditions as initially predicted. Indeed, prognosis is worsened (often fatal) in patients with pre‐existing hyperinflammatory responses (e.g., hypertension, obesity and diabetes), yet the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. A number of psychological conditions are associated with inflammation, suggesting that these may also be significant risk factors for negative outcomes of COVID‐19. In this review, we evaluate preclinical and clinical literature suggesting that chronic stress‐induced hyperinflammation interacts synergistically with COVID‐19‐related inflammation, contributing to a potentially fatal cytokine storm syndrome. In particular, we hypothesize that both chronic stress and COVID‐19‐related hyperinflammation are a product of glucocorticoid insufficiency. We discuss the devastating effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on structural and functional aspects of the biological stress response and how these induce exaggerated inflammatory responses, particularly interleukin (IL)‐6 hypersecretion. We postulate that chronic stress should be considered a significant risk factor for adverse COVID‐19‐related health outcomes, given overlapping peripheral and central immune dysregulation in both conditions. We conclude by discussing how people with a history of chronic stress could mitigate their risk for COVID‐19 complications, identifying specific strategies that can be implemented during self‐isolation.
Scaffolding Literacy Learning Through Talk: Stance as a Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Taylor Laura A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScaffolding serves as an important instructional tool for supporting students’ literacy development. To be effective, however, teachers must continually adapt the scaffolding offered to students to provide appropriate levels of both support and challenge. In this article, the sociolinguistic concept of stance is used to conceptualize how elementary teachers interactionally scaffolded their students’ literacy development. Highlighting the findings from a discourse analysis of 48 reading and writing conferences between six teacher–student pairs, the author identifies four stances taken by teachers and students in their interactions—feedback, instruction, collaboration, and management—and describes the different kinds of scaffolding made possible by each stance. Through two vignettes of teacher–student literacy conferences, the author also illustrates how teachers strove to avoid overscaffolding by shifting stance within these interactions. These findings situate stance as a useful instructional tool, illustrating how different stances allow not only different levels of scaffolding but also qualitatively different kinds of support and challenge.
Perspectives on additives for polymers. Part 2. Aspects of photostabilization and role of fillers and pigments
Authors: Allen Norman S. , Edge Michele 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn Part I of this two‐part series the most important aspects of antioxidants (primary and secondary), processing aids, metal deactivators and some light stabilizers were described and highlighted together with their mechanisms, problems, and interactions. Emphasis was placed on synergism and antagonism in performances and color problems with a special insight regarding PVC. Part 2 of this article presents in a similar way general perspective on the type, mode of action, properties, uses, problems (and circumvention) of light stabilizers and of some important fillers and pigments. Montmorillonites, silica, carbon blacks, and titanium dioxide will be the main features with an emphasis on structure, activity, and formulations in polymer systems. Additive interactions between stabilizers and fillers/pigments is a major controlling factor in the end use performance from a physical, esthetic, structural, mechanical, and chemical point of view. Indeed, with filled polymers one enters an overly complex world of interactions giving rise to some extreme synergistic and often antagonistic problems which can in many cases destroy or even enhance the activity of functional processing additives. Several of these will be highlighted to provide the technologist with at least some experience such that one can be alert to any potential issues in formulating more complex packages where not just color but high performance is also required.
Immobilized phosphate‐binding protein can effectively discriminate against arsenate during phosphate adsorption and recovery
Authors: Venkiteshwaran Kaushik , Wells Erin , Mayer Brooke K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThere is a strong impetus to establish a circular phosphorus economy by securing internally renewable phosphate (Pi) resources for use as agricultural fertilizers. Reversible Pi adsorption technologies such as ion exchange can remove and recover Pi from water/wastewater for reuse. However, existing reversible adsorbents cannot effectively discriminate against arsenate (As(V)) due to the similarity between As(V) and Pi chemical structure. If As(V) is co‐recovered with Pi, the value of the recovered products for agricultural reuse is low. The objective of this study was to construct an immobilized phosphate‐binding protein (PBP)‐based Pi removal and recovery system and analyze its selectivity for Pi adsorption in the presence of As(V). A range of conditions was tested, including independent, sequential, and simultaneous exposure of the two oxyanions to immobilized PBP (PBP resin). The purity of the recovered Pi product was assessed after inducing controlled desorption of the adsorbed oxyanions at high pH (pH 12.5). Pi constituted more than 97% of the adsorbed oxyanions in the recovered product, even when As(V) was initially present at twofold higher concentrations than Pi. Therefore, PBP resin has potential to selectively remove Pi, as well as release high‐purity Pi free of As(V) contamination suitable for subsequent agricultural reuse.Practitioner points

Existing reversible phosphate (Pi) adsorbents cannot effectively discriminate against arsenate (As(V)) due to the similarity in their chemical structure.
Co‐recovery of As(V) with Pi can reduce the recovered product's reuse as a fertilizer.
An immobilized phosphate‐binding protein (PBP)‐based system can be highly selective for Pi even in the presence of As(V).
Pi constituted more than 97% of the recovered product, even when As(V) was present at 2‐fold higher concentrations than Pi.
Immobilized PBP offers advantages over existing Pi adsorbents by providing high‐purity Pi products free of As(V) contamination for reuse.
A Pulse Before Shelf Life: Literary Advice on Notebook-Writing as Event
Authors: Vanraes Arne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis contribution analyzes guidebooks that deal specifically with keeping a writer’s notebook, a process-document that may elude the common association of creative writing with its published literary commodities. Creative writing’s pedagogical question “can it be taught?” is complicated since this “it” is so poorly codified by the notebook. I consider three groupings of advice in the notebook-guidebooks in relation to that complexity and discuss theiruselessnesswhere writing invents part of its pedagogical needs only in the process of its own happening. Firstly, the guidebooks take on a radical process-pedagogical approach. They promote a kind of irresolute and unpredictable (“end-less”) writing that discovers its objects in the event of their coming-to-be, instead of hypothesizing them beforehand. Note-taking appears here as a self-creative event rather than a preplanned act—a meanswithoutan end. Secondly, rather than providing poietic writing recipes, the guidebooks give advice on writerly attitudes or dispositions. The elements of art are presented as existing latently in the world and the practice of note-keeping orients their drawing-out and literary becoming since its technology straddles the contextual and the textual (“creative receptivity”). Thirdly, when addressing the move from the notebook’s writing-for-writing’s sake toward an eventual literary commodity, the guidebooks resist concluding writing’s “invention phase” absolutely. Rereading and rewriting in the notebook continue to inform events that exceed and requalify the intermediate junctures of the literary work’s development (“besideness”).
Reproduction as Literary Production: Self-Expression and the Index in Kenneth Goldsmith’s Uncreative Writing
Authors: Tsitsovits Ioannis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses Kenneth Goldsmith’sUncreative Writing, a collection of essays that includes an account of his Uncreative Writing course at the University of Pennsylvania. Championing various forms of literary automatism and appropriation, which are often treated as a much-needed response to our contemporary digital environment, the book is offered as a counter-model to established notions of authentic, self-expressive writing. The article takes this position as a springboard into thinking about Goldsmith’s writing exercises in relation to a longer history of indexical artistic practices, most notably analog photography. Despite its own positioning vis-à-vis the digital, I claim, Goldsmith’s writing model can best be understood as an extension of a proto-photographic logic into the ambit of contemporary literature. At the same time, as I show, the use of textual reproduction central to his project has been a longstanding ingredient of self-expressive literary advice. I conclude by arguing that Goldsmith’s model is just as tied to a form of personal expression, albeit one following a less obviously self-expressive logic that resonates with online forms of indexical performativity.
Creative Writing Crosses the Atlantic: An Attempt at Creating a Minor French Literature
Authors: Meyntjens Gert-Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis chapter analyzes literary advice culture from a transnational-comparative perspective. It sheds light on the reception of the American poetics of creative writing in contemporary France by examining the specific case ofOutils du roman: Avec Malt Olbren sur les pistes et exercices du creative writing à l’américaine(2016, Tools of the Novel. Exploring American Creative Writing with Malt Olbren) by the experimental prose-writer François Bon. This text represents a broader dynamic in which French authors of literary advice resort to a repertoire of American writing techniques in an attempt to revive French literature. To conceptualize this process of transfer, I use Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of “minor literature.” This notion conveys how literary advice in France must constantly position itself vis-à-vis its American counterpart, but also how it appropriates and transforms this same body of ideas and techniques. More generally, this chapter makes a case for an increased consideration of supranational transfers in the domain of literary advice when studying processes of local literary change.
Work and the Writing Life: Shifts in the Relationship Between ‘Work’ and ‘The Work’ in Twenty-First-Century Literary-Advice Memoirs
Authors: Kovach Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on memoirs that grapple with how to resolve tensions between ‘work,’ labor performed for a wage or salary, and ‘the Work,’ a creative pursuit performed for reasons beyond material necessity. Dorothea Brande’sBecoming a Writer(1934) andWake up and Live!(1936), like many self-help publications of their kind, position writing and other creative pursuits as acts of living that stand in opposition to the necessity of making a living. Recently, however, a number of publications on “the writing life” have begun to complicate this opposition. When considering works ranging from Annie Dillard’s 1989The Writing Lifeto Deborah Levy’sThings I Don’t Want to Know(2013) andThe Cost of Living(2018) and Alexander Chee’sHow to Write and Autobiographical Novel(2018), it seems that the dichotomy of work vs. writing life is not simply undergoing demystification but also reconceptualization. These contemporary literary-advice memoirs thematize dissolutions between work, personal, and writing lives, thereby also disrupting generic patterns in issuing literary advice. They push the literary advice genre away from technicalities and visions of artistic autonomy and toward accounts of creative production that is subject to the demands placed on creative workers throughout the white-collar labor market of late capitalism.