bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Pelanggaran HAM berat ( Tinjauan Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional)
Authors: Audina Nurma Audina 
Published: October 2020

Abstrak
Setiap kejahatan yang terjadi pasti akan menimbulkan kerugian terutama bagi pihak korban. Korban kejahatan khususnya korban pelanggaran HAM berat harus menanggung kerugian karena kejahatan yang diterimanya baik itu secara materiil maupun non materiil. Namun dalam penyelesaian perkara pidana banyak dari korban yang kurang mendapatkan perlindungan hukum yang memadai. Salah satu bentuk perlindungan terhadap korban kejahatan pelanggaran HAM dan merupakan hak dari seorang korban tindak pidana adalah untuk mendapatkan kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi baik itu dari ranah hukum nasional maupun internasional. Beberapa peraturan di Indonesia yang mengatur mengenai pemberian kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi, misalnya KUHAP, Undang-undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2000 tentang Pengadilan HAM, Undang-undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 tentang Kompensasi, Restitusi dan Rehabilitasi Terhadap Korban Pelanggaran HAM Berat. Adapun dalam hukum internasional terdapat beberapa instrument internasional yaitu Statuta Roma 1998, Kovenan Hak Sipil dan Politik Pasal 9 (5), Piagam Afrika mengenai Hak Asasi Manusia dan Rakyat Pasal 21 (2). Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apa persamaan dan perbedaan konsep perlindungan hukum terhadap korban pelanggaran HAM berat dalam hukum nasional dan internasional serta apakah mekanisme perlindungan yang dilakukan telah sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku.
Menjawab rumusan permasalahan tersebut, digunakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan berdasarkan studi kepustakaan dan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Setelah data dari kepustakaan terkumpul, maka dilanjutkan analisis dan komparasi dengan menggunakan teori Maqāṣid asy-syarīah untuk menjawab rumusan masalah tersebut.
Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa pengaturan mengenai bentuk perlindungan hukum nasional bagi korban pelanggaran HAM berat terkait kompensasi, restitusi dan rehabilitasi belum dapat dijalankan karena mekanisme pengaturannya belum diatur secara rinci dan belum memenuhi standar internasional yang sesuai dengan pengaturan mengenai mekanisme pemberian perlindungan bagi korban dalam Statuta Roma, yanag dapat menjamin korban dalam mendapatkan penggantian kerugian secara materiil dan non materiil. Namun peraturan yang ada tentang perlindungan korban pelanggaran HAM berat baik dalam hukum nasional maupun internasional apabila dihubungkan dengan teori Maqāṣid asy-syarīah sebenarnya telah mencakup secara substansi yang berkaitan dengan Ḥifẓ An-nafs, Ḥifẓ Al-māl dan Ḥifẓ Al-‘aql.
Kata kunci: Perlindungan korban, Pelanggaran HAM Berat, Hukum Nasional, Hukum Internasional, Maqāṣid asy-syarīah.
سياسة معاقبة مرتكبي جرائم الفساد بإندونيسيا في ضوء الجنائي الإسلامي
Authors: Mufid Abdul Mufid 
Published: October 2020

Kejahatan korupsi di Indonesia telah mendatangkan malapetaka bagi kelangsungan hidup berbangsa dan bernegara. Tidak hanya merugikan dana negara, korupsi juga merampas hak-hak sosial dan ekonomi yang lebih luas. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mencegah dan seringkali memberantas praktik korupsi. Baik dengan menyusun peraturan perundang-undangan, maupun membentuk kepanitiaan untuk menangani korupsi. Namun korupsi tidak pernah mau meninggalkan bangsa Indonesia. Kebijakan pidana mati bagi pelaku korupsi diatur dalam ketentuan ayat (2) Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 yang diundangkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang Pemberantasan Korupsi. Menurut hukum pidana Islam, korupsi termasuk dalam kategori discretionary crime. Jadi bukti dan keputusan hukum diserahkan kepada pemerintah. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fenomena koruptor dengan hukuman mati bagi pelaku dari perspektif hukum pidana Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan analisisnya menggunakan pendekatan Maqasid al-Syariah. Masalah penelitian yang harus dijawab adalah bagaimana penerapan kebijakan pidana mati terhadap korupsi dari perspektif hukum pidana Islam? Bagaimana kebijakan hukuman mati bagi koruptor menurut UU Pemberantasan Korupsi? Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: Pertama, kebijakan pidana mati bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi diatur dalam Ayat 2 Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001, namun penerapan pasal tersebut hanya berlaku bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi yang dilakukan di Keadaan tertentu, “agar tidak semua pelaku korupsi bisa dihukum mati. Kedua, hukuman mati dapat diterapkan dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam dalam tiga bentuk pidana, yaitu pidana retribusi, pidana hadd, dan pidana diskresioner. Korupsi termasuk dalam kategori discretionary crime. Suatu negara dapat menjatuhkan hukuman mati jika dianggap sebagai upaya efektif untuk menjaga ketertiban dan keuntungan public
Memahami Hak Untuk Hidup Dalam Islam Berdasarkan Deklarasi Kairo
Authors: Widdia Putri Endrika 
Published: October 2020

Memanusiakan manusia adalah bagian dari menghargai hak hidup diri sendiri. Sebab manusia satu dengan manusia yang lain tak ubahnya satu tubuh. Manusia tidak dapat disebut sebagai manusia jika tidak ada respect terhadap manusia lain. Dalam hal ini, hak untuk hidup menjadi hak yang paling utama dalam Islam. Hal ini salah satu diatur dalam Deklarasi Kairo (1990) yang landasannya adalah a-Qur’ān, yang terdapat dalam pasal 2 ayat 1–4 dan pada tulisan ini dianalisis ayat 1–2. Memahami hak untuk hidup dalam Deklarasi Kairo diharapkan mampu menghadirkan nilai dan makna dalam kehidupan setiap pribadi manusia bahwa hidup harus dipertahankan sekaligus dimuliakan. Pasal 2 ayat 1–2 menjelaskan bahwa membunuh satu jiwa manusia sama dengan membunuh seluruh jiwa manusia apalagi melakukan pembunuhan massal kepada manusia. Pelarangan pembunuhan ini bukan hanya dapat merusak tatanan masyarakat, ras, suku dan lain-lainnya. Melainkan juga merusak harga diri suatu bangsa dan bahkan seluruh manusia yang hidup di muka bumi. Adapun secara teologis, pelaku pembunuhan secara tidak langsung telah melakukan kejahatan terhadap Tuhan sebagai Pencipta manusia.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF ROAD ORGANIZERS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW NUMBER 22 YEAR 2009 CONCERNING TRAFFIC AND ROAD TRANSPORTATION
Authors: Najemi Andi , Nawawi Kabib 
Published: October 2020

The specific goal of this research is to know and analyze the provisions of norms or legal norms relating to the criminal liability of road organizers from the dogmatic aspects of the law and legal principles. Since there is a norm vacuum of Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation, if the road organizer does not exercise its authority, it will result in a criminal offense then this law cannot be implemented or impaired. The statement of the problem in this research is how criminal liability of the Road Organizers and Road Transportation according to Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning Traffic and Road Transportation.
This research is normative. The data were obtained by a detailed analysis of legal materials, primary, secondary and tertiary law. The specification of this research is the pure legal research to get a picture of one problem, namely about the criminal responsibility of the road organizer from the perspective of Law Number 22 Year 2009, concerning Traffic and Road Transportation.
Through the legislative approach (normative approach), which is the approach to the applicable laws and regulations to obtain a basis for discussing issues related to traffic and road transport crimes, including legislation Law Number 22 Year 2009, concerning Road Traffic and Transport Law Number 38 of 2004, Concerning Roads, Government Regulation Number 43 of 1993 concerning Road Infrastructure and Traffic. The results of the study indicate that there is a blurring of norms in Law Number 22 Year 2009, especially regarding the concept of road organizers as regulated in Article 24 and Article 273. as a result, the article cannot be operational. So that criminal liability for road organizers if they make a mistake on the formulas of article 24 and article 273 is difficult to account for. Although the organizer of the road as a legal subject if making a mistake should be responsible and can be held responsible based on the theory of strict liability and vicarious liability. The conclusion is that Law No. 22/2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transport does not regulate the concept of road organizers so that if a road organizer makes a mistake as regulated in Article 24 and Article 273 it is difficult to be accounted for, thus ensuring that there is a blurring of norms in The law and unworking.
Characterization of Earthworms (Lumbriscus terestris) Population Under Several Area of Shallots Cultivation
Authors: Firmansyah M. Anang , Bhermana Andy 
Published: October 2020

Firmansyah MA, Bhermana A. 2020. Characterization of earthworms (Lumbriscus terestris) population under several area of shallots cultivation. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 208-217.In General, the problem of shallot commodities development was still used common farming without considering land suitability and other specific soil condition including aspect cultivation. The objective of this study was to clasify several lands characteristics for shallots cultivation and to observe earthworm (Lumbriscus terrestris) population based on their land suitability classes. The methodology used was land evaluation approach and field observation. This study was performed during Â rainy season in 2018 at three locations with different soils, namely, peat soils/Histosol (IST), buried soil of Quartzipsamment above peat soils (ENT), and dry land of Dystropept (EPT). The population of earthworms is obtained by digging up an area of 1 m2 with depth of 20 cm at in four places of location of study. The calculation of earthworms is conducted by hand sorting. The results showed that the highest land suitability class at EPT S3tr, rt, nr, while for other locations are not suitable. The location of IST is classified into N3fb with several limiting such as flooding hazard during rainy season, while for ENT location, classified into Nrt, limiting factor is rough texture. High suitability class is not identical with high earthworm population density. Cultivation aspect that is able to increase soil pH become neutral condition and lower pesticide application affect earthworm populations. ENT locations that have neutral soil pH with lower pesticides applcation have the highest earthworm populations. Earthworm population density from high to low involve ENT> IST> EPT or 74> 33> 31 tails/m2.
Fomento de iniciativas de emprendimiento y la innovación para acercar a los jóvenes universitarios al mundo empresarial
Authors: Becerra Molina Edison 
Published: October 2020

El estudio se orienta en la descripción de los procesos administrativos y académicos en cuanto a las ideas, propósitos y problematizaciones que giran alrededor del emprendimiento, para lo cual fue necesario desarrollar los proyectos, programas y un plan integrado para la UCACUE, que permita contribuir al desarrollo de la cultura emprendedora en la formación de profesionales líderes y emprendedores como uno de los ejes transversales de los procesos de la Universidad, mediante el diseño de la estrategia institucional de investigación, desarrollo innovación e incubación y aportar a la construcción de procesos de aprendizaje, basado en la creación de valor agregado en los procesos académicos curriculares y extracurriculares, considerando las políticas Universitarias vinculadas al desarrollo sostenible del territorio. Entre las conclusiones de la información recogida con respecto a las entrevistas semiestructuradas a las principales autoridades de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, permitió determinar que la dimensión del Modelo de gestión académica, en las Unidades Académicas de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, las autoridades coinciden que existen políticas, y que la Universidad debe impulsar el emprendimiento y la innovación.
El propósito fue recabar información de las principales autoridades de la UCACUE, para la realización de un trabajo de investigación doctoral en educación, la entrevista fue dirigido a las Autoridades de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, para mejorar los procesos institucionales, que tiene por objeto construir un modelo de gestión teórico- académico para el desarrollo de políticas y programas de emprendimiento innovador en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, que aporte al perfil profesional en las diferentes carreras en correspondencia con la demanda económico- social del territorio de la zona 6, en cada una de las carreras.
Pattern of Intervention in Congenital Heart Disease: Single Centre Analysis of Cases over Five Years in Bangladesh
Authors: Begum Nurun Nahar Fatema , Bhuiyan Nazmul Islam , Khan Md Ashfaque Ahemmed , Alam Md Jahangir 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In Bangladesh, 25/1000 cases of neonates are born with mild to severe type of congenital heart disease. Significant numbers of cases from new born to adult age group are reporting to OPD clinics with broad spectrum of congenital and grown up untreated heart diseases. This study will cover pattern of diseases among cases selected for cardiac catheterization and intervention in study group in a cardiac hospital with limited facility for children.
Objectives: To analyze all the cases who had cardiac catheterization and intervention in said period and to see the outcome.
Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted in a cardiac hospital from December 2014 to December 2019. All cases of cardiac catheterization and interventions were included in the study. Pattern of diseases, interventions, management and outcomes were analyzed.
Results: Out of 1179 cases, 44.87% were male and 55.13% were female. Two hundred fifty four cases(21.54%) were in 0-1 year age group, 44.02% were in >01-05 year age group, 18.66% cases were in > 5 to 10 year , 8.48% cases were in >10 to 20 years, 4.83% cases were in> 20 to 30 years and 2.46% cases were in more than 30 year age group. Among trans-catheter closure patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was the commonest type of intervention (44.68%), followed by atrial septal defect (ASD) (25.20%), ventricular septal defect (VSD) (11.83%) and balloon valvoplasty (BVP) for pulmonary stenosis (11.63%). Neonatal interventions were minimum as the coronary care unit used as post cathward had limited facility for neonatal care. PDA stenting was performed in 0.81% cases and BAS in 0.91% cases. Many patients underwent more than one intervention at a time; most common was ASD device closure and pulmonary valvoplasty. Cardiac Catheterization studies were minimum in this series and most of the cath study cases were VSD or/with other combinations (4.48%). Among infants (254), PDA device closure was the commonest intervention (64.56%) followed balloon valvoplasty for PS (15.35%) and balloon dilation of Coarctation on aorta (7.87%). Among implants, most commonly used were 8/6 mm (14.59%) Amplatzer Duct occluder (ADO), 6/4 ADOII, MF-Konar (9.79%) device and most common balloon used for valve or vessel dilation was 10x3 mm Tyshak II (3.26%). Only one mortality was noticed in a case of double intervention of critical Aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis.
Conclusion: Commonest and established interventions were performed in this study other than few life saving interventions in neonates and outcome was excellent. Skilled team of pediatric cardiologist and technician in catheterization laboratory can bring success at the end of the day in spite of challenges.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 3-9
Patients’ Satisfaction on Services of Border Guard Hospital, Guimara, Bangladesh
Authors: Wahab Md Abdul , Zafreen Farzana , Ahmed Mohsen Uddin , Rahman Md Habibur , Razzak Md Abdur 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Patients’ satisfaction is one of the established yard sticks to measure success of the hospitals. To improve the quality of services, health organizations use patient satisfaction survey to evaluate their processes delivered. A satisfied patient is more likely to develop a deeper and longer lasting relationship with their medical service providers, leading to improved compliance, continuity of care, and ultimately better outcomes.
Objectives: To assess the patients satisfaction with services provided and the infrastructure facilities of Border Guard Hospital, Guimara (BGHG), of Khagrachari district Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the patients who attended the outpatient department of BGHG from January to December 2017. Total 1340 patients aged more than 18 years, irrespective of sex, having no serious complications and willing to participate were selected by convenient sampling. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire by face to face interview and analyzed by SPSS 21.0.
Results: Out of 1340 respondents 53.7% were serving BGB members, 18.3% were BGB families and 28.0% respondents were local residents. Majority of the patients stated that the general basic facilities at the hospital were adequate. Regarding cleanliness 94.7%, waiting room sitting facilities 91.9%, drinking water availability 88.4%, lighting arrangement 96.7%, ventilation arrangement 88.1% and toilet facilities 91.1% respondents reported that the hospital facilities were adequate. Most of the respondents were satisfied with the quality of professional services by all type of staffs of the hospital. Highest 84.9% of the respondents were satisfied with doctors’ attitude, behavior and cooperation. About other staffs; 72.9% respondents were satisfied with attitude, behavior and cooperation of nurses, 71.9% with pharmacists, 71.1% with registration clerk, 75.3%, with information desk, 70.2% with guards and 73.8% with supporting staffs.
Conclusion: Patients attended at BGHG was highly satisfied about the infrastructure and the services provided the hospital. But few percentages of patients expressed their dissatisfaction. BGHG authority should keep it up and try to improve further.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 13-15
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Burn Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Hasan Md Iqbal , Rahman Md Shafiqur , Shaheen Rukhsana 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Imbalance in multi-factorial components of human ecology plays a role in developing post-traumatic stress disorder hampering economical productivity and normal social life.
Objectives: To find out the interplay of issues that are conducive to the outcome of the disorder among hospital admitted burn patients.
Materials and Methods: This unobtrusive qualitative behavioral health research by in-depth interview was conducted among conveniently selected 35 burn patients in Dhaka Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh from July 2013 to June 2014. The data were analyzed to draw conclusion through etic and/or emic interpretation. All ethical issues were taken care of.
Results: The highest 80% burn patients were married, 71% were male, and 80% were Muslim. Majority 37.14% were day laborer, 28.57% had completed primary education, 34.29% belonged to the age group 21-30 years, and 43% had monthly family income up to Tk. 10000. Of 41% burn occurring at home, majority 27% occurred during rice cooking, affecting the upper limb in 29% cases. Social dislocation was the major phenomena leading to burn injury in 22.86% of the patients. Lack of harmonious relationship and in-laws poking in conjugal life sometime led to deliberate infliction of burn.
Conclusion: The study concluded with the suggestions for prevention of neoteric entry in the domain of post-traumatic stress disorder through social movement and psychotherapy of burn patients. Study also hinted for further probing of the phenomenon of the disorder.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 27-31
Demography of Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study in Military Hospital, Dhaka
Authors: Elahi Md Quadrat E , Razzak Md Abdur , Islam Md Azizul , Alam Md Ashraful 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The habit of smoking bidis and cigarettes is of long standing and widely prevalent in the southern part of Asia and largely in Bangladesh. Currently there are limited data on the lung cancer patients of Bangladesh.
Objectives: To determine the correlation of smoking and lung cancer patients of CMH, Dhaka and to review their demographic profile.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective hospital based study was conducted at Cancer Center, CMH, Dhaka. A total of 128 patients of lung cancer were enrolled those who were admitted to CMH Dhaka from January 2011 to December 2014. Data were collected in a predesigned format from old documents.
Results: Age range of 128 lung cancer patients were from 28 to 80 years. Most of the patients 114(89.06%) belonged to >50 years age group, male 105(82.03%), 106(82.8%) smoker, 14(10.94%) were non-smoker and in 8 (6.25%) cases the smoking habit was not mentioned in documents. Most of the patients 60(47.24%) were from Dhaka district and belonged to lower middle class background 110(85.93%). Common coexisting diseases were COPD 30(23.43%), HTN 32(25%) and DM 25(19.53%). Maximum lung cancer cases were squamous cell subtype 38(29.69%) and adenocarcinoma 35(27.43%). TNM stage group IIIA were 25(19.53%), IIIB 40(31.25%) and IV were 35(27.34%). Large majority of patients were treated with chemotherapy alone 89(66.42%) and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy 31(24.13%). Most of the patients of lung cancer 123(96%) died within 2 years of diagnosis.
Conclusion: In this study, there was a strong correlation between smoking and lung cancer. Majority were diagnosed late in advanced stage and treated with chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy and radiotherapy combined. Prognosis was poor in this series and 96% died within 2 years of diagnosis.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 32-34
Pattern of Common Inherited Coagulation Disorders: Evaluation of 100 Cases
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohammed Nuruzzaman , Giti Maj Gen Susane , Uddin Mohammed Mosleh , Tarek Monwar , Khan Lutfunnahar 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The bleeding disorders having inherited abnormality of haemostasis may present with significant difficulties in diagnosis and management. The overall frequency of these disorders in the general population is low.
Objectives: To study the frequency of inherited coagulation disorders and their prevalent clinical manifestations.
Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of one hundred patients of all age group and both sexes was organized as both in-patient and out-patient based in the Department of haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from July 2012 to June 2013.
Results: In this study, out of 100 patients, haemophilia A, diagnosed in 75% patients, was the most common disorder. Age group ranging from 5-15 years constituted 48% of total patients. Male to female ratio of patients having hereditary coagulation defect was 73:2 in haemophilia A whereas 2:3 in vWD. Consanguinity was documented in 60% of vWD and 24% of haemophilia A. The most common clinical symptom in hereditary coagulation defect (HCD) was echymosis (60%). The most common presenting feature of haemophilia was haematoma (57.95%) whereas menorrhagia was the most common presentation of female patients with vWD. Among 97 patients of haemophilia and vWD, 59(60.82%) cases were in mild form and 04(4.12%) cases were found to have severe coagulation defect. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is the most common modality of treatment in HCD.
Conclusion: It has become the need of the time to find out such a cost effective diagnostic parameter to make an early diagnosis of inherited coagulation disorders.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 64-66