bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and annealing effects on the linear electro‐optic response of solution‐deposited barium strontium titanate
Authors: Edmondson Bryce I. , Kwon Sunah , Ortmann John E. , Demkov Alexander A. , Kim Moon J. , Ekerdt John G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChemical solution deposition was used to deposit epitaxial BaxSr(1−x)TiO3 thin films on SrTiO3 template layers on Si(001) for x = 1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3, and 0.0. Effective Pockels coefficients were determined as a function of film composition both for as‐deposited films (crystallized at 600°C) and for the films after annealing at 750°C for 10 hours. Pockels response decreased monotonically with decreasing Ba content and coefficients were higher for annealed films, reaching 89 ± 3 pm/V for annealed BaTiO3. These results are contextualized with the aid of X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission microscopy, which illuminated the crystallinity and defect nature of the films.
Histamine and cholesterol lowering abilities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Pico cheese
Authors: Domingos-Lopes M.F.P. , Stanton C. , Ross R.P. , Silva C.C.G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
This study was designed to select lactic acid bacteria with histamine- and cholesterol-reducing abilities to be used as potential probiotics.

Methods and Results
Thirty strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from an artisanal raw milk cheese were screened for their abilities to degrade histamine, reduce cholesterol and hydrolyse bile salts. Strains were also screened for safety and probiotic traits, such as resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, adhesion to Caco-2 cells, resistance to antibiotics and presence of virulence genes. Two Lactobacillus paracasei strains presented high cholesterol- and histamine-lowering abilities, tested negative for the presence of virulence genes and showed susceptibility to most important antibiotics. These strains were also shown to possess desirable in vitro probiotic properties, revealed by tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions and high adhesion to intestinal cells.

Conclusions
Among the screened strains, Lb. paracasei L3C21M6 revealed the best cholesterol and histamine reducing abilities together with desirable probiotic and safety features to be used in food applications.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The strain L3C21M6 is a good candidate for use as a probiotic with histamine-degrading activity and cholesterol lowering effect. In addition, this strain could be use in dairy foods to prevent histamine food poisoning.
Research Review: Pediatric anxiety disorders – what have we learnt in the last 10 years?
Authors: Strawn Jeffrey R. , Lu Lu , Peris Tara S. , Levine Amir , Walkup John T. 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAnxiety disorders first emerge during the critical developmental periods of childhood and adolescence. This review synthesizes recent findings on the prevalence, risk factors, and course of the anxiety disorders; and their neurobiology and treatment.MethodsFor this review, searches were conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and clinicaltrials.gov. Findings related to the epidemiology, neurobiology, risk factors, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders were then summarized.FindingsAnxiety disorders are high prevalence, and early‐onset conditions associated with multiple risk factors including early inhibited temperament, environment stress, and structural and functional abnormalities in the prefrontal‐amygdala circuitry as well as the default mode and salience networks. The anxiety disorders are effectively treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).ConclusionsAnxiety disorders are high prevalence, early‐onset conditions associated with a distinct neurobiological fingerprint, and are consistently responsive to treatment. Questions remain regarding who is at risk of developing anxiety disorders as well as the way in which neurobiology predicts treatment response.
Floral trait differentiation inAnacamptis coriophora: Phenotypic selection on scents, but not on colour
Authors: Joffard Nina , Le Roncé Iris , Langlois Alban , Renoult Julien , Buatois Bruno , Dormont Laurent , Schatz Bertrand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCurrent divergent selection may promote floral trait differentiation among conspecific populations in flowering plants. However, whether this applies to complex traits such as colour or scents has been little studied, even though these traits often vary within species. In this study, we compared floral colour and odour as well as selective pressures imposed upon these traits among seven populations belonging to three subspecies of the widespread, generalist orchidAnacamptis coriophora. Colour was characterized using calibrated photographs, and scents were sampled using dynamic headspace extraction and analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. We then quantified phenotypic selection exerted on these traits by regressing fruit set values on floral trait values. We showed that the three studied subspecies were characterized by different floral colour and odour, with one of the two predominant floral volatiles emitted by each subspecies being taxon‐specific. Plant size was positively correlated with fruit set in most populations, whereas we found no apparent link between floral colour and female reproductive success. We detected positive selection on several taxon‐specific compounds inA. coriophorasubsp. fragrans, whereas no selection was found on floral volatiles ofA. coriophorasubsp. coriophoraandA. coriophorasubsp.martrinii. This study is one of the first to document variation in phenotypic selection exerted on floral scents among conspecific populations. Our results suggest that selection could contribute to ongoing chemical divergence amongA. coriophorasubspecies.
Favorable effects of microneedling on long‐standing androgenetic alopecia in an elderly man: A case report
Authors: Fujita Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of alopecia. Currently, various methods have been tried to treat male AGA, but the outcomes are often unsatisfactory, especially for elderly persons.AimsWe report a case of an elderly man with a severe long‐standing AGA, which was successfully managed with microneedling and minoxidil.Patients/MethodsThe patient was a 70‐year‐old Japanese man with family history of AGA, showed no abnormality in physical and laboratory examinations, and had received no treatment. We did monotherapy with 5% minoxidil twice daily to the right half of the scalp, while on the left half topical minoxidil was combined with weekly microneedling using an automated microneedling pen.ResultsAfter 14 weeks of treatment, negligible hair growth was observed on the monotherapy side. On the combined‐therapy side, however, hair growth was obvious and the density of hairs determined under trichoscope was significantly increased compared with the monotherapy side (P < .001). Only transient pain, erythema, and pinpoint bleeding were observed as adverse effects.ConclusionAlthough we need further clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety and to standardize the method, microneedling combined with topical minoxidil could be a treatment option for severe AGA in elderly patients.
RESEARCH ON STRUCTURAL HOLES: AN ASSESSMENT ON MEASUREMENT ISSUES
Authors: Saglietto Laurence , Cézanne Cécile , David Delphine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial capital theory generally analyses network structures by focusing on the connections between players. However, it has been suggested by several authors that the absence of relations in a network or ‘structural holes’ is meaningful. The aim of our paper is to provide a global survey and appraisal of the academic research on structural holes and discuss its main measurements. We adopt a bibliometric approach and identify a typology of practices, developments, and issues related to structural holes. We highlight a strand of work on operationalization of structural holes, and discuss the various measures they propose. We provide numerical examples emphasizing the respective advantages and limitations of the studied measures. Based on our results, we propose a guide to using existing measures of structural holes according to the type (simple or complex) of network.
Fertility‐sparing treatment for early‐stage epithelial ovarian cancer: Contemporary oncologic, reproductive and endocrinologic perspectives
Authors: Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Klar Maximilian , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Bainvoll Liat , Matsuzaki Shinya , Paulson Richard J. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) can be a devastating diagnosis in women of reproductive age who desire future fertility. However, in early‐stage disease, fertility‐sparing surgery (FSS) can be considered in appropriately selected patients.MethodsThis is a narrative descriptive review of the recent literature on FSS for EOC from oncologic, reproductive and endocrinologic perspectives.ResultsThe recurrence rate following FSS performed for stage I EOC in published retrospective studies collectively is 13% but ranges from 5 to 29%, while mortality ranges from 0 to 18%. Five‐year disease‐free survival following FSS is over 90% but decreases with higher stage and grade. Recurrences following FSS are more likely to be localized with a more favorable prognosis compared to recurrences following radical surgery. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended in women with high‐risk disease, and strategies to minimize gonadotoxicity during chemotherapy such as gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists may be considered. Oocyte, embryo and/or ovarian cryopreservation can also be offered to patients desiring future biologic children. Reproductive outcomes following FSS, including pregnancy and miscarriage rates, resemble those of the general population, with a chance of successful pregnancy of nearly 80%.ConclusionIn retrospective data, FSS appears to be oncologically safe in stage IA and IC grade 1–2 non‐clear cell EOC. In patients with grade 3 tumors or clear cell histology, treatment can be individualized, weighing a slightly higher risk of recurrence with fertility goals. A multidisciplinary approach with oncology and reproductive endocrinology may be of utility to help these patients achieve their fertility goals.
Psychophysical characterisation of burning mouth syndrome—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Madariaga Víctor I. , Tanaka Hirokazu , Ernberg Malin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an oro‐facial disease with neuropathic characteristics. Psychophysics, such as quantitative sensory testing (QST), is used to sub‐classify neuropathic pain syndromes, but their usefulness in characterising BMS is not yet clear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to summarise and to quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the available information about QST findings in BMS, and to reflect on possible mechanisms of disease.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, different search strategies were used to screen for articles in PubMed, Embase, EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and two sources of conference abstracts. Primary clinical studies focused on QST assessment in patients with BMS were included. Data were synthesised qualitatively and quantitatively. Risk of bias was assessed following the AHRQ guidelines.ResultsThirteen articles with low to moderate risk of bias and one conference abstract were selected from 45 unique articles that were identified. Individually, the studies reported combinations of thermal and mechanical sensory impairments measured by QST. The meta‐analysis showed significant sensory differences between patients and controls in warmth (effect size = 0.683; P < .05) and cold detection thresholds (effect size = −0.580; P < .001).ConclusionThe results indicate that thermal sensitivity seems to be altered in patients with BMS compared to controls, suggesting a small‐fibre neuropathy. However, study protocols were highly variable and heterogeneous. Therefore, studies with better designs and complete reporting of results should be performed to bring value to the use of psychophysics in the assessment of BMS.
Prevalence, hospital admissions and costs of child chronic conditions: A population‐based study
Authors: Bell Jane , Lingam Raghu , Wakefield Claire E , Fardell Joanna E , Zeltzer Justin , Hu Nan , Woolfenden Sue , Callander Emily , Marshall Glenn M , Nassar Natasha 
Published: June 2020

AimTo determine population‐based prevalence, hospital use and costs for children admitted to hospital with chronic conditions.MethodsWe used hospital admissions data for children aged <16 years, 2002–2013 in New South Wales, Australia.ResultsOf all admissions, 35% (n = 692 514) included a diagnosis of a chronic condition. In 2013, prevalence was 25.1 per 1000 children. Children with greater socio‐economic disadvantage or living in regional and remote areas had lower prevalence, but a higher proportion of emergency admissions. Prevalence rates were highest for respiratory and neurological conditions (9.4, 7.4 per 1000, respectively). Mental health conditions were most common in older children. Admissions involving chronic conditions had longer length of stay (3.0 vs. 1.6 days), consumed more bed‐days (50% of total) and involved 43% of total hospital costs.ConclusionDifferences in prevalence and use of hospital services suggest inequities in access and need for more appropriate and equitable models of care.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐associated mucositis complicated by herpes simplex virus dissemination and Staphylococcus Epidermidis bacteremia
Authors: Agnihotri Gaurav , Loucks Emily , Ashack Kurt , Tsoukas Maria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProminent mucositis with minimal or no cutaneous involvement in the setting of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection describes a clinical entity recently termed Mycoplasma‐induced rash and mucositis (MIRM). About 81% of patients with MIRM experience complete resolution; however, the disease course in approximately 11% of patients is complicated by mucosal sequelae. We describe a patient with MIRM complicated by HSV dissemination and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia and outline the management of mucocutaneous eruptions without systemic immunosuppressant agents.
Metabolic regulation of polyamines and γ‐aminobutyric acid in relation to spermidine‐induced heat tolerance in white clover
Authors: Luo L. , Li Z. , Tang M. Y. , Cheng B. Z. , Zeng W. H. , Peng Y. , Nie G. , Zhang X. Q. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHeat stress decreases crop growth and yield worldwide. Spermidine (Spd) is a small aliphatic amine and acts as a ubiquitous regulator for plant growth, development and stress tolerance.Objectives of this study were to determine effects of exogenous Spd on changes in endogenous polyamine (PA) and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism, oxidative damage, senescence and heat shock protein (HSP) expression in white clover subjected to heat stress. Physiological and molecular methods, including colorimetric assay, high performance liquid chromatography and qRT‐PCR, were applied.Results showed that exogenous Spd significantly alleviated heat‐induced stress damage. Application of Spd not only increased endogenous putrescine, Spd, spermine and total PA accumulation, but also accelerated PA oxidation and improved glutamic acid decarboxylase activity, leading to GABA accumulation in leaves under heat stress. The Spd-pretreated white clover maintained a significantly higher chlorophyll (Chl) content than untreated plants under heat stress, which could be related to the roles of Spd in up‐regulating genes encoding Chl synthesis (PBGDandMg‐CHT) and maintaining reduced Chl degradation (PaOandCHLASE) during heat stress. In addition, Spd up‐regulatedHSP70,HSP70BandHSP70‐5expression, which might function in stabilizing denatured proteins and helping proteins to folding correctly in white clover under high temperature stress.In summary, exogenous Spd treatment improves the heat tolerance of white clover by altering endogenous PA and GABA content and metabolism, enhancing the antioxidant system and HSP expression and slowing leaf senescence related to an increase in Chl biosynthesis and a decrease in Chl degradation during heat stress.
Usage and adherence of antidementia drugs in a memory clinic cohort in Chongqing, Southwest China
Authors: Yu Xingyan , Yu Weihua , Yang Wenkai , Lü Yang 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundTo investigate the use and adherence of antidementia drugs in elderly patients with dementia from the Memory Clinic of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.MethodsPatients were recruited from the Memory Clinic of The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from December 2010 to December 2018. Medical charts were reviewed, including diagnosis, dosage of antidementia medicines, neuropsychological testing scores, and the further questionnaires were conducted via face‐to‐face or telephone, included duration of treatment, types of antidementia drugs, and reasons for treatment discontinuation.ResultsThe data from 422 patients were analysed retrospectively for this study. Three hundred and fifteen were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 67 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 40 with other types of dementia. From the 422 patients, 26.8% were treated with original donepezil (n = 113), 11.6% with generic donepezil (n = 49), 24.6% with memantine (n = 104), 13.3% with huperzine A (n = 56), and 23.7% with a combination of drugs (n = 100). However, 73% of patients discontinued treatment within 1 year of initiation. Patients treated for more than 36 months (37.8%) were more likely to choose combined medication, as compared with patients treated for less than 36 months. Patients with less than 9 years of education (odds ratio (OR): 2.394; 95% CI: 1.508–3.801) were more likely to discontinue treatment than patients with more than 9 years of education. Patients with elevated physical self‐maintenance scale (PSMS) scores (OR: 1.195; 95% CI: 1.086–1.316) had a high risk of discontinuation.ConclusionsOverall treatment compliance is relatively poor in memory clinics in Chongqing. Our study demonstrates that higher education may lead to better treatment adherence in dementia care. Combination therapy may increase treatment time. However, poorer PSMS scores are a significant risk factor for treatment discontinuation.
The fit between regulatory instruments and targets: Regulating the economic integration of migrants
Authors: Hinterleitner Markus , Kaufmann David , Thomann Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article adopts a novel regulatory perspective on the conditions that facilitate and obstruct economic equality between migrants and natives. Regulation scholars have long emphasized that regulatory interventions need to be geared toward the needs of regulatory targets. We contribute to this research by examining the fit between regulatory instruments and targets' human capital skills. We develop a theoretical framework that captures how economic integration regulations (EIRs) influence economic equality by supporting or restricting migrants in the labor market and as entrepreneurs. We argue that EIRs foster economic equality when they are responsive to the professional needs of specific types of regulatory targets (in terms of language and education skills). We apply the framework in the context of OECD countries. A fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis reveals how the specific configurations of EIRs in 26 OECD countries coincide with either high or low economic equality between migrants and natives. Our approach contributes to the conceptual understanding of a pressing regulatory problem: the successful economic integration of migrants.
A graph convolutional network model for evaluating potential congestion spots based on local urban built environments
Authors: Qin Kun , Xu Yuanquan , Kang Chaogui , Kwan Mei‐Po 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAutomatically identifying potential congestion spots in cities has significant practical implications for efficient urban development and management. It requires the ability to examine the relationships between urban built environment features and traffic congestion situations. This article presents a novel and effective approach for achieving the task based on a machine‐learning technique and publicly available street‐view imagery and point‐of‐interest (POI) data. The proposed multiple‐graph‐based convolutional network architecture can: (a) extract essential urban built environment features from street‐view imagery and neighboring POIs; (b) model the spatial dependencies between traffic congestion on road networks via graph convolution; and (c) evaluate the risk level of road intersections to emerging congestion situations based on local built environment features. We apply the model to Wuhan in China, and predict the potential congestion spots across the city. The results confirm that the model prediction is highly consistent (about 85.5%) when compared to the ground‐truth data based on traffic indices derived from a big taxi GPS trajectory dataset. This research enhances the understanding of traffic congestion situations under various geographic, societal, and economic contexts based on easily accessible road, street‐view, and POI datasets at large spatiotemporal scales.
Achieving a high cure rate with direct‐acting antivirals for chronic Hepatitis C virus infection in Cameroon: a multi‐clinic demonstration project
Authors: Coyer Liza , Njoya Oudou , Njouom Richard , Mossus Tatiana , Kowo Mathurin Pierre , Essomba Frida , Boers Alexander , Coutinho Roel , Ondoa Pascale ,   the HEP C‐IMPACT Team
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesHighly effective direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for Hepatitis C treatment are largely inaccessible in sub‐Saharan Africa. Data on treatment feasibility and outcomes in clinical settings are limited. We assessed the feasibility of achieving a high (≥90%) cure rate with DAAs in six gastroenterology clinics in Cameroon.MethodsPatients with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were treated for 12 or 24 weeks with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir/ribavirin or sofosbuvir/ribavirin, depending on the stage of liver disease and HCV genotype. The cure rate was defined as the proportion of patients with a sustained virological response 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12) among all treatment completers.ResultsWe identified 190 HCV RNA positive patients between September‐2017 and August‐2018, 161 (84.7%) of whom started treatment. 105 (65.2%) were female, median age was 61.3 years [IQR = 55.9–66.9] and 11 (6.8%) were HIV‐positive. Median plasma HCV RNA was 6.0 log10 IU/mL [IQR = 5.6–6.4]. HCV genotypes identified were 1 (34.8%), 2 (13.7%), 4 (50.9%), 1 and 4 (0.6%); 46 (28.6%) strains of 160 single‐genotype infections were non‐subtypeable. Of 158 treatment completers, 152 (96.2%, 95%CI = 91.9–98.6%) achieved SVR12. Six patients did not achieve SVR12: five carried HCV with NS5A resistance mutations and one with NS5B resistance mutations. Three patients died before and two after treatment completion. The most common adverse events were asthenia (12.0%), headache (11.4%) and dizziness (18.9%).ConclusionHigh cure rates of Hepatitis C with DAAs are achievable in clinical settings of Cameroon. However, the accessibility and provision of HCV screening, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and care should be addressed for large‐scale implementation.