bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bread wheat TaSPO11‐1 exhibits evolutionarily conserved function in meiotic recombination across distant plant species
Authors: Da Ines Olivier , Michard Robin , Fayos Ian , Bastianelli Giacomo , Nicolas Alain , Guiderdoni Emmanuel , White Charles , Sourdille Pierre 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYThe manipulation of meiotic recombination in crops is essential to develop new plant varieties rapidly, helping to produce more cultivars in a sustainable manner. One option is to control the formation and repair of the meiosis‐specific DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate recombination between the homologous chromosomes and ultimately lead to crossovers. These DSBs are introduced by the evolutionarily conserved topoisomerase‐like protein SPO11 and associated proteins. Here, we characterized the homoeologous copies of the SPO11‐1 protein in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). The genome contains three SPO11‐1 gene copies that exhibit 93–95% identity at the nucleotide level, and clearly the A and D copies originated from the diploid ancestors Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of 105 plant genomes revealed a clear partitioning between monocots and dicots, with the seven main motifs being almost fully conserved, even between clades. The functional similarity of the proteins among monocots was confirmed through complementation analysis of the Oryza sativa (rice) spo11‐1 mutant by the wheat TaSPO11‐1‐5D coding sequence. Also, remarkably, although the wheat and Arabidopsis SPO11‐1 proteins share only 55% identity and the partner proteins also differ, the TaSPO11‐1‐5D cDNA significantly restored the fertility of the Arabidopsis spo11‐1 mutant, indicating a robust functional conservation of the SPO11‐1 protein activity across distant plants. These successful heterologous complementation assays, using both Arabidopsis and rice hosts, are good surrogates to validate the functionality of candidate genes and cDNA, as well as variant constructs, when the transformation and mutant production in wheat is much longer and more tedious.
Evaluation of a modified proportional margin approach for complete surgical excision of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours and its association with clinical outcome
Authors: Saunders Harvey , Thomson Maurine J. , O'Connell Kathleen , Bridges Janis P. , Chau Lincoln 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCanine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) represent a common neoplasm in veterinary practice. Several reported techniques are available to guide surgical excision. Our study examined one hundred cutaneous MCTs that were excised surgically using a modified proportional margin approach. A 2 cm lateral margin upper limit was applied for any tumour diameter that exceeded this size with a deep surgical margin of one fascial plane applied. A retrospective, cross‐sectional study with follow‐up was used to determine the clinical utility of this excision technique. Associations between explanatory variables of tumour size and grade were compared with outcomes of complete excision and size of histologic tumour‐free margins (HTFM) using the appropriate Pearson's χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Follow‐up data evaluated tumour recurrence and patient survival. Ninety‐five percent of MCTs (95/100) were completely excised. No significant association in the achievement of complete excision between low‐ and high‐grade MCTs (P = .48) was noted. Tumour size was not associated with the rate of complete excision (P = .06). Tumour grade and size did not influence the size of the HTFM (P = .94 and P = .14, respectively). Overall, a recurrence rate of 3% (3/100 tumours) and de novo MCT development rate of 7.7% (5/65 dogs) was noted, with median follow‐up period of 593 days (range 180‐1460 days). Post‐operative metastases were seen in 4.6% of dogs (3/65). Therefore, a modified proportional margin approach with 2 cm lateral margin upper limit is a suitable technique to guide surgical excision of canine cutaneous MCTs.
Using Nonparticipant Observation as a Method to Understand Implementation Context in Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Eldh Ann Catrine , Rycroft‐Malone Jo , van der Zijpp Teatske , McMullan Christel , Hawkes Claire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe uptake of evidence‐based knowledge in practice is influenced by context. Observations are suggested as a valuable but under‐used approach in implementation research for gaining a holistic understanding of contexts.AimThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate how data from observations can provide insights about context and evidence use in implementation research.MethodsData were collected over 24 months in a randomised trial with an embedded realist evaluation in 24 nursing homes across four European countries; notes from 183 observations (representing 335 hours) were triangulated with interview transcripts and context survey data (from 357 staff interviews and 725 questionnaire responses, respectively).ResultsAlthough there were similarities in several elements of context within survey, interview and observation data, the observations provided additional features of the implementation context. In particular, observations demonstrated if and how the resources (staffing and supplies) and leadership (formal and informal, teamwork, and professional autonomy) affected knowledge use and implementation. Further, the observations illuminated the influence of standards and the physical nursing environment on evidence‐based practice, and the dynamic interaction between different aspects of context.Linking Evidence to ActionAlthough qualitative observations are resource‐intensive, they add value when used with other data collection methods, further enlightening the understanding of the implementation context and how evidence use and sharing are influenced by context elements. Observations can enhance an understanding of the context, evidence use and knowledge‐sharing triad in implementation research.
El coronavirus (Covid-19) y el seguro de interrupción de negocios, discusiones actuales sobre los daños inmateriales
Authors: Tabares Cortés Felipe 
Published: June 2020

El confinamiento ordenado por gobierno francés en el marco de las políticas de protección de la Unión Europea, provocaron una debilitación del sistema económico y una afectación grave de la actividad comercial de las todas las empresas a las que les fue prohibido recibir al público, transportar sus bienes o cuya unidad productiva fue perturbada por la interrupción de la cadena de suministro. Teniendo en cuenta la densidad, el dinamismo y especialización del mercado asegurador francés, el cuarto en el mundo según el OCDE, es pertinente hacer un recuento sobre el impacto que tiene la pandemia de coronavirus en el mercado asegurador. El debate que actualmente se desarrolla en Francia sobre el seguro de interrupción de negocios en ausencia de daños materiales directos puede aportar elementos de discusión para otras economías tributarias del derecho continental europeo.
Evidence for ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism discovered in the Appalachian orogen
Authors: Gonzalez Joseph P. , Baldwin Suzanne L. , Thomas Jay B. , Nachlas William O. , Fitzgerald Paul G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Appalachian orogen has long been enigmatic because, compared to other parts of the Paleozoic orogens that formed following the subduction of the Iapetus Ocean, direct evidence for ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism has never been found. We report the first discovery of coesite in the Appalachian orogen in a metapelite from the mid-Ordovician (Taconic orogeny) Tillotson Peak Complex in Vermont (USA). Relict coesite occurs within a bimineralic SiO2 inclusion in garnet. In situ elastic barometry and trace-element thermometry allow reconstruction of the garnet growth history during prograde metamorphism. The data are interpreted to indicate garnet nucleation and crystallization during blueschist- to eclogite-facies subduction zone metamorphism, followed by garnet rim growth at UHP conditions of &gt; 28 kbar and &gt; 530 ° C. Results provide the first direct evidence that rocks of the Appalachian orogen underwent UHP metamorphism to depths of &gt; 75 km and warrant future studies that constrain the extent of UHP metamorphism.
Minimal net incision of the northern Sierra Nevada (California, USA) since the Eocene–early Oligocene
Authors: Gabet Emmanuel J. , Miggins Daniel P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Significant late Cenozoic uplift (&gt;1000 m) of the northern half of the Sierra Nevada (California, USA), a mountain range in the North American Cordillera, has been a dominant paradigm over the past century. This paradigm has been supported by evidence suggesting that in response to this recent uplift, the range’s deep canyons were incised in the past 3–4 m.y. However, paleochannel elevations compiled from a mining report and geological maps demonstrate that while some modern rivers have incised 560 m below their Eocene–early Oligocene riverbeds, incision by others has been &lt;300 m. For example, Eocene–early Oligocene fluvial gravels can be found just 161 m above the modern channel deep within the canyon of the South Fork American River. We conclude that the initiation of late Cenozoic incision was due to a resumption of a period of downcutting that was interrupted in the Eocene when the rivers were buried by fluvial sediment and by later volcanic deposits. This interpretation challenges the hypothesis that recent uplift was responsible for deep canyon incision. Correctly identifying the causes of recent incision in the northern Sierra Nevada has important implications for understanding the geological history of the North American Cordillera because the range is hypothesized to have been the western ramp of the Nevadaplano.
5-HT1Areceptor-mediated attenuation of heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia by chrysin in mice with experimental mononeuropathy
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Wang Yangui , Cui Wugeng , Zhou Wenhua , Zhao Xin 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundPersistent neuropathic pain poses a health problem, for which effective therapy or antidote is in dire need. This work aimed to investigate the pain-relieving effect of chrysin, a natural flavonoid with monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity, in an experimental model of neuropathic pain and elucidate mechanism(s).MethodsChronic constriction injury (CCI) was produced by loose ligation of sciatic nerve in mice. The pain-related behaviors were examined using von Frey test and Hargreaves test. The serotonin-related mechanisms were investigated by serotonin depletion withp-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) and antagonist tests in vivo and in vitro.ResultsRepeated treatment of CCI mice with chrysin (orally, two times per day for 2 weeks) ameliorated heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent fashion (3–30 mg/kg). The chrysin-triggered pain relief seems serotonergically dependent, since its antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic actions were abolished by chemical depletion of serotonin by PCPA, whereas potentiated by 5-hydroxytryptophan (a precursor of 5-HT). Consistently, chrysin-treated neuropathic mice showed enhanced levels of spinal monoamines especially 5-HT, with depressed monoamine oxidase activity. Moreover, chrysin-evoked pain relief was preferentially counteracted by 5-HT1Areceptor antagonist WAY-100635 delivered systematically or spinally. In vitro, chrysin (0.1–10 nM) increased the maximum effect (Emax, shown as stimulation of [35S] GTPγS binding) of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1Aagonist. Beneficially, chrysin was able to correct comorbid behavioral symptoms of depression and anxiety evoked by neuropathic pain, without causing hypertensive crisis (known as ‘cheese reaction’).ConclusionThese findings confirm the antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic efficacies of chrysin, with spinal 5-HT1Areceptors being critically engaged.
Planckian hypersurfaces, inflation and bounces
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhen the different wavelengths of the scalar and tensor modes of the geometry are all assigned on the same space-like hypersurface the maximally amplified frequencies of the spectrum remain smaller than the Planck mass only if the duration of a stage of accelerated expansion and the corresponding tensor to scalar ratio are severely constrained. All the different wavelengths can be initialized on the same space-like hypersurface at the onset of inflation but this strategy and the related conclusions are plausible only for classical inhomogeneities. We argue that a whole class of potential constraints is easily evaded provided the different wavelengths of the quantum fields are assigned as soon as they cross the corresponding Planckian hypersurfaces. In this case the Cauchy data for the mode functions depend on the wavenumber so that larger wavelengths start evolving earlier while shorter wavelengths are assigned later. Within this strategy the duration of a conventional inflationary phase and the corresponding tensor to scalar ratio are not constrained but the large-scale power spectra inherit specific large-scale corrections that remain however unobservable. We also address the problem of the bouncing dynamics and show that similar constraints do no not appear at the beginning of the bouncing phase but rather towards its end.
Multidecadal variability in the climate system: phenomena and mechanisms
Authors: Jüling André , Dijkstra Henk A. , Hogg Andrew McC. , Moon Woosok 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn open and fundamental issue in climate dynamics is the origin of multidecadal variability in the climate system. Resolving this issue is essential for adequate attribution of human-induced climate change. The purpose of this paper is to provide a perspective on multidecadal variability from the analysis of observations and results from model simulations. Data from the instrumental record indicate the existence of large-scale coherent patterns of multidecadal variability in sea surface temperature. Combined with long time series of proxy data, these results provide ample evidence for the existence of multidecadal sea surface temperature variations. Results of a hierarchy of climate models have provided several mechanisms of this variability, ranging from pure atmospheric forcing, via internal ocean processes to coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions. An important problem is that current state-of-the-art climate models underestimate multidecadal variability. We argue that these models miss important processes in their representation of ocean eddies and focus on a robust mechanism of multidecadal variability which is found in multi-century simulations with climate models having a strongly eddying ocean component.
Tislelizumab Plus Chemotherapy as First-line Treatment for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Jianming , Bai Yuxian , Xu Nong , Li Enxiao , Wang Buhai , Wang Jin , Li Xiang , Wang Xin , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
This phase II study (NCT03469557) assessed safety/tolerability and antitumor activity of first-line tislelizumab, a monoclonal antibody against programmed cell death-1, plus chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma.

Patients and Methods:
Patients with ESCC received tislelizumab [200 mg i.v. every 3 weeks (Q3W)] plus cisplatin (80 mg/m² i.v. Q3W for ≤6 cycles) and fluorouracil (800 mg/m²/day i.v., Days 1–5 Q3W for ≤6 cycles); patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma received tislelizumab (200 mg i.v. Q3W) plus oxaliplatin (130 mg/m² i.v. Q3W for up to six cycles) and oral capecitabine (1,000 mg/m² twice daily, Days 1–14 Q3W). The safety/tolerability profile of combination therapy was the primary endpoint; secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), disease control rate (DCR), and progression-free survival per RECIST v1.1. Exploratory endpoints included overall survival and potential predictive biomarkers.

Results:
As of March 31, 2019, 30 patients (n = 15 per cohort) were enrolled. Most common adverse events considered related to tislelizumab and/or chemotherapy were anemia (n = 18), decreased appetite (n = 17), nausea (n = 16), and asthenia (n = 15). One patient experienced fatal hepatic dysfunction, confounded by progressive disease and underlying hepatitis, attributed to treatment by the investigator. Confirmed ORRs and DCRs were 46.7% and 80%, respectively, for both ESCC and G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. In ESCC, median DoR was 12.8 months (95% confidence interval, 3.5–12.8); DoR was not yet mature for the G/GEJ cohort.

Conclusions:
Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated durable responses with manageable tolerability in patients with advanced ESCC or G/GEJ adenocarcinoma.
Epitranscriptomics in Hematopoiesis and Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Rosselló-Tortella Margalida , Ferrer Gerardo , Esteller Manel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Since the 1960s, a large number of chemical modifications have been identified in RNA molecules, establishing the RNA epigenetics field named “epitranscriptomics.” These chemical marks participate in several RNA metabolic processes; however, the biological relevance of many of these modifications and the many enzymes involved in their function is not completely understood. Emerging knowledge of the epitranscriptome (pseudouridine, N6-methyladenosine, and A-to-I editing) in hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies reveals the requirement of these modifications in normal development and their alteration in disorders, leading to the development of new molecules and strategies to target the epitranscriptome as a novel therapeutic approach. RNA modifications are required for the correct development of hematopoietic cells, and their alteration can promote the development of malignancies or the transition from a low-grade to an aggressive disease. While we are expanding our understanding of the epitranscriptome of normal and malignant hematopoiesis, the number of potential new therapeutic interventions is rising.
The Chromosome 13 Conundrum in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Walker Brian A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Summary:
In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Chesi and colleagues have performed a series of mouse experiments, combined with patient sample analysis, to delineate the role of del(13) in multiple myeloma. They identify loss of the miRNA cluster MIR15A/16-1 as critical for myelomagenesis and progression of disease.
See related article by Chesi et al., p. 68.
The Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH)
Authors: Bromwich David H. , Werner Kirstin , Casati Barbara , Powers Jordan G. , Gorodetskaya Irina V. , Massonnet François , Vitale Vito , Heinrich Victoria J. , Liggett Daniela , Arndt Stefanie , Barja Boris , Bazile Eric , Carpentier Scott , Carrasco Jorge F. , Choi Taejin , Choi Yonghan , Colwell Steven R. , Cordero Raul R. , Gervasi Massimo , Haiden Thomas , Hirasawa Naohiko , Inoue Jun , Jung Thomas , Kalesse Heike , Kim Seong-Joong , Lazzara Matthew A. , Manning Kevin W. , Norris Kimberley , Park Sang-Jong , Reid Phillip , Rigor Ignatius , Rowe Penny M. , Schmithüsen Holger , Seifert Patric , Sun Qizhen , Uttal Taneil , Zannoni Mario , Zou Xun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Year of Polar Prediction in the Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) had a special observing period (SOP) that ran from 16 November 2018 to 15 February 2019, a period chosen to span the austral warm season months of greatest operational activity in the Antarctic. Some 2,200 additional radiosondes were launched during the 3-month SOP, roughly doubling the routine program, and the network of drifting buoys in the Southern Ocean was enhanced. An evaluation of global model forecasts during the SOP and using its data has confirmed that extratropical Southern Hemisphere forecast skill lags behind that in the Northern Hemisphere with the contrast being greatest between the southern and northern polar regions. Reflecting the application of the SOP data, early results from observing system experiments show that the additional radiosondes yield the greatest forecast improvement for deep cyclones near the Antarctic coast. The SOP data have been applied to provide insights on an atmospheric river event during the YOPP-SH SOP that presented a challenging forecast and that impacted southern South America and the Antarctic Peninsula. YOPP-SH data have also been applied in determinations that seasonal predictions by coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea ice models struggle to capture the spatial and temporal characteristics of the Antarctic sea ice minimum. Education, outreach, and communication activities have supported the YOPP-SH SOP efforts. Based on the success of this Antarctic summer YOPP-SH SOP, a winter YOPP-SH SOP is being organized to support explorations of Antarctic atmospheric predictability in the austral cold season when the southern sea ice cover is rapidly expanding.
Frequency of risk factors in patients of acute coronary syndrome due to coronary ectasia
Authors: Dastgir Noor , Masood Arslan , Muqeet Ahmed , Khan Niazi Gul Zaman 
Published: June 2020

Background Coronary artery ectasia is a relatively common entity characterized by inappropriate dilatation of the coronary vasculature. In some cases of acute coronary syndrome without obstructive coronary lesions, coronary ectasia is the sole cause. The exact mechanism of its development is unknown but evidence suggests a combination of genetic predisposition, common risk factors for coronary artery disease, and abnormal vessel wall metabolism. As there are few data regarding the pattern of coronary risk factors in patients with coronary ectasia, the objective of the study was to determine the frequency and distribution of coronary risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome solely due to coronary ectasia. Methods The study included 155 patients over a period of 6 months, with coronary angiographic evidence of coronary ectasia as the sole cause of acute coronary syndrome. There were 79 (51%) men and 76 (49%) women with a mean age 51.92 ± 7.83 years; 73 (47.10%) were aged 20–50 years and 82 (52.90%) were 51–80 years of age. The frequencies of coronary risk factors were stratified according to sex and the two age groups. Results Seventy-one patients (45.80%) had diabetes mellitus, 83 (53.54%) had hypertension, 55 (35.48%) were smokers, 46 (29.68%) had dyslipidemia, and 47 (30.3%) were obese. Conclusion Hypertension is the leading coronary risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome solely due to coronary ectasia, followed by diabetes mellitus and smoking.