bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in the Histological Features of the Intestinal Mucosa in Malnourished Adults of Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Shabab , Begum S. M. Khodeza Nahar , Rahman M Masudur , Mazumder Ramendra Nath , Parvez Mashud , Gazi Md. Amran , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Fahim Shah Mohammad , Das Subhasish , Mahfuz Mustafa , Sarker Shafiqul Alam , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is paucity of knowledge on the histological features of the intestinal mucosa in malnourished adults of Bangladesh. The purpose of the study was to explore the histological features of the intestinal mucosa in malnourished adults of Bangladesh and to compare the findings with their well-nourished counterparts. 64 adults (37 malnourished with body mass index, BMI<18.5 kg/m2 and 27 controls with BMI>18.5 kg/m2) from the Bangladesh Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (BEED) study, who underwent upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy, were selected for this study. With a view to address the association of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) with malnutrition, upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and mucosal biopsies from the distal duodenum were studied for histopathology. Villous height, crypt depth, and presence of inflammatory infiltrates in lamina propria were investigated. Bivariate analysis was performed to quantify the relation between malnutrition and the histological features. About 95% adults, irrespective of nutritional status, were diagnosed to have chronic non-specific duodenitis on histopathology. Malnourished adults suffered significantly more from chronic active duodenitis compared to their well-nourished counterparts (p=0.003). Malnourished adults also had significantly higher frequency of subtotal villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and marked cellular infiltration in the lamina propria than the healthy controls (p<0.05).
­­­­­Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Trabecular Bone Microstructure of Human Mandible Using Cone-Beam CT and Micro CT
Authors: Ibrahim Norliza , Parsa Azin , Hassan Bassam , Stelt Paul der , Ismail Siti Mazlipah , Rahmat Rabiah , Aartman Irene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the trabecular bone microstructures of anterior and posterior edentulous regions of human mandible using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and micro CT (µCT).Materials and methods Twenty volumes of interests consisting of six anterior and fourteen posterior edentulous regions were obtained from human mandibular cadavers. A CBCT system with a resolution of 80 µm (3D Accuitomo 170, J. Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a µCT system with a resolution of 35 µm (SkyScan 1173, Kontich, Belgium) were used to scan the mandibles. Three structural parameters namely, trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were analysed using CTAn software (v 1.11, SkyScan, Kontich, Belgium). For each system, the measurements obtained from anterior and posterior regions were tested using independent sample t-test. Subsequently, all measurements between systems were tested using paired t-test.Results In CBCT, all parameters of the anterior and posterior mandible showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). However, µCT showed a significant different of Tb.Th (p = 0.023) between anterior and posterior region. Regardless of regions, the measurements obtained using both imaging systems were significantly different (p ≤ 0.021) for Tb.Th and Tb.N.Conclusions The current study demonstrated that only the variation of Tb.Th between anterior and posterior edentulous region of mandible can be detected using micro CT. In addition, CBCT is less feasible than micro CT in assessing trabecular bone microstructures at both regions.
Predicting Cervical Screening and HPV Vaccination Attendance of Roma Women in Hungary: Community Nurse Contribution is Key
Authors: Zrínyi Miklós , Pakai Annamária , Mihály-Vajda Réka , Horváthné Zsuzsanna Kívés , Újváriné Adrienn Siket , Gabara Krisztina Szabó , Bogdánné Eszter Basa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: HPV screening/vaccination has been observed lower for ethic minorities. Understanding factors that predict and can improve attendance is therefore key. Hence, the aim was to identify causes, especially concerning the quality of the patient-provider relationship, that predict past HPV screening and vaccination turnout of Roma women in Hungary.Methods: Cross-sectional research design with self-developed, culturally sensitive questionnaire. A female Roma sample of 500 potential participants was randomly selected from census register. Community nurses contacted participants and distributed surveys. Surveys were mailed-in by participants. Bivariate logistic regression was used to predict former participation in HPV screening/vaccination.Results: Of the total sample, 17.4% of women attended at least one cervical screening and HPV vaccination in the past. Past negative screening experience was negatively correlated to community nurses and positively to physicians. The odds of past attendance were 4.5 times greater if ‘no negative earlier experience’ occurred, 3.3 times likelier if community nurse performed screening/immunization and 1.6 times more probable if respondent felt ‘no shame’. Evaluating the screening/vaccination process painful, being only financially motivated and attendance involving a lot of travel decreased the odds of ‘no show’ by 50%, 40% and 41%, respectively.Conclusions: When considering the ratio of past cervical screening attendance, we conclude that our female Roma sample did not behave differently from the general population. We saw no evidence that racial mistreatment made any contribution to explaining cervical screening participation. Past positive screening experience and the quality of patient-provider relationship increased the odds of participation the most. Cancer of friends, pain, financial motivation and travel distance decreased odds of participation to a lesser extent. In order to improve future screening and immunization, community nurses should play more central and advanced role in the organization and implementation of such services specifically targeting Roma populations.
CDDO-ME Activates NRF2 to Inhibit The Pro-Invasion Ability of TAMs
Authors: Li Ying , Jia Yaxu , Xu Yurong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Tumor-associated macrophages can account for more than 50% of the cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of breast cancer patients. A high TAM density is related to a poor clinical prognosis. Targeting TAMs is a promising therapeutic strategy since TAMs promote tumor growth, development and metastasis. Results: We found that CDDO-ME significantly inhibited the tumor invasion-promoting ability of TAMs in the coculture system and further showed that CDDO-ME functioned by reducing ROS production in TAMs. The orthotopic 4T1 cell inoculation model and spontaneous MMTV-PyMT tumor model were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of CDDO-ME. The results showed that CDDO-ME significantly inhibited tumor metastasis and increased T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, NRF2 activation was necessary for CDDO-ME to exert its function. Conclusions: Overall, CDDO-ME can play a role in breast cancer as an anticancer drug targeting TAMs.
Modeling and Analyzing the Propagation of COVID-19 in Wuhan Based On Game Theory: Quarantine or Not?
Authors: Liu Maoxing , Zhang Rongping , Xie Boli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The isolation strategy and quarantine strategy played a crucial role in the prevention of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 in China.This paper establishes a two-layer network model that couples epidemics and the behavior of individuals based on game theory.We calculated the basic reproduction number of the infectious disease, and analyzed the existence and stability of the positiveequilibrium point in the behavioral dynamic model. Through simulation, we adjusted the behavior parameters to fit the actualdata, and then analyzed the sensitivity of each parameter to the system. The contradiction between national strategy andindividual behavior was found in the simulation process. The simulation results show that increasing the awareness of peoplecan accelerate changes in behavior, and improving the efficiency of working at home can reduce the relative loss of isolation,all of which can reduce the severity of the infectious disease.
Mechanism of Pharmacological Action&nbsp;of Chromones in Radix Saposhnikoviae&nbsp;Based on Biological Significance of Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Cao Si-Si , Shi Lei , Shen Ying , Yang Jing-Ming , Meng Xiang-Cai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
According to origin of species, both animals and plants come from a common ancestor, so they all possess similar/same metabolic activities. Plants adapt to stress conditions by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) partly with secondary metabolites, which are often the medicinal ingredients. With this, the mechanism of pharmacological action and biological action of secondary metabolites may be the same. Radix saposhnikoviae the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata, has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was analyzed that the correlation between fever, analgesia and inflammation and the activities of POD, CAT, the H2O2 contents in serum before and after intravenous administration for cimicifugin, an active component. For the antipyretic, the correlation coefficient between the body temperature and the H2O2 contents was 0.9689 in the model group and 0.5221 in the treatment group, indicating that fever was closely related to the H2O2. In the presence of electron donor, POD can eliminate ROS, the correlation coefficient between POD activities and H2O2 content before and after administration were 0.8085 and -0.5070, respectively, indicating that cimicifugin can eliminate ROS through POD. At 39.5 ℃, POD activity was about 1.47 times that of normal body temperature, and the scavenging efficiency of POD was 2.94 times that of CAT, which indicated that cimicifugin enhanced the elimination of H2O2 mainly through POD. For the analgesic and anti-inflammatory, the correlation coefficients of POD activity with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were 0.6685 and 0.4466, respectively, indicating that they were closely related to the H2O2. In this paper, we found the ROS is an important factor of fever, pain and inflammation, the pharmacological actions of Radix Saposhnikoviae also is elimination of ROS through the synergistic action of chromone and POD, the mechanism of pharmacological action of Chromones being the same as the biological action of secondary metabolites.
A Common Optical Approach to Thickness Optimization in Polymer and Perovskite Solar Cells&nbsp;
Authors: Iakobson Olga , Gribkova Oxana , Tameev Alexey , Nunzi Jean-Michel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The structure of experimentally designed solar cells was optimized in terms of the photoactive layer thickness for both organic bulk heterojunction and hybrid perovskite solar cells. The photoactive layer thickness had a totally different behavior on the performance of the organic and hybrid solar cells. Analysis of the optical parameters using transfer matrix modeling within the Maxwell–Garnett effective refractive index model shows that light absorbance and exciton generation rate in the photoactive layer can be used to optimize the thickness range of the photoactive layer. Complete agreement between experimental and simulated data for solar cells with photoactive materials that have very different natures proves the validity of the proposed modeling method.
Factors Associated with Prognostic or Treatment Outcomes in HIV/AIDS Patients with and without Hypertension in Eswatini
Authors: Dlamini Sabelo , Dahms Hans-Uwe , WU Ming-Tsang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases are increasing faster in HIV/AIDS patients than in the general population. We studied the association between hypertension and other possibly confounding factors on retroviral load and CD4-cell count in hypertensive and non-hypertensive HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at a large hospital in Eswatini over a 4-year period. Method: We performed a retrospective longitudinal review of the medical records of 560 ART patients divided into non-hypertension and hypertension groups (n=325 and n=235) from July 27 to September 8, 2018. Generalized Estimated Equation was used to analyze the longitudinal data.Results: Hypertensive patients were more likely to have improved CD4-cell counts than non-hypertensive patients (OR=1.83, [1.37–2.44]). ART patients with hypertension were more likely to have detectable retroviral loads, though not significant (OR=1.37 [0.77-2.43]). In non-hypertensive patients, second line ART was significantly associated with retroviral load (OR=8.61 [2.93-25.34]) and adverse side effects (OR=3.50 [1.06-11.54]), while isoniazid preventive therapy was significantly associated with CD4-cell counts (OR=1.68 [1.16 – 2.45]). In hypertensive patients, factors associated with retroviral load were HIV stage (OR=2.84 [1.03–7.85]) and adherence (OR = 8.08 [1.33–49.04]). In both groups, CD4-cell counts significantly and steadily increased over time (p-value <0.001).Conclusions: Results show a significant association between hypertension and CD4 cell counts but not retroviral load. In ART patients with and without hypertension, the factors associated with prognostic markers were different. More attention may need to be paid to ART patients with well controlled HIV statuses to monitoring and controlling of hypertension status.
Magnetic Measurement of Mechanical Stress in Iron-based Materials Using Magnetoimpedance
Authors: Alonso Maria Sonsoles Garcia , Hernando Antonio , Viñolas Jordi , Garcia Miguel Angel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present here a non-invasive method to measure variations of internal stress in magnetic steel elements. The method consists in the measurement of the magnetic permeability on the specimen and relays on the dependence of its imaginary component with applied load. Our method does not measure absolute values and hence, results very suitable for measurements in situ, where small changes of positions or vibrations can change those absolute values.
Pupal Cannibalism byWworker Honey Bees Contributes&nbsp;to&nbsp;the Spread of Deformed Wing Virus.
Authors: Posada-Florez Francisco , Lamas Zachary , Hawthorne David , Chen Yanping , Evans Jay , Ryabov Eugene 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Transmission routes impact pathogen virulence and genetics, therefore comprehensive knowledge of these routes and their contribution to pathogen circulation is essential for understanding host-pathogen interactions and designing control strategies. Deformed wing virus (DWV), a principal viral pathogen of honey bees associated with increased honey bee mortality and colony losses, became highly virulent with the spread of its vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. Reproduction of Varroa mites occurs in capped brood cells and mite-infested pupae from these cells usually have high levels of DWV. The removal of mite-infested pupae by worker bees, Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH), leads to cannibalization of pupae with high DWV loads, thereby offering an alternative route for virus transmission. We used genetically tagged DWV to investigate virus transmission to and between worker bees following pupal cannibalisation under experimental conditions. We demonstrated that cannibalization of DWV-infected pupae resulted in high levels of this virus in worker bees and that the acquired virus was then transmitted between bees via trophallaxis, allowing circulation of Varroa-vectored DWV variants without the mites. Despite the known benefits of hygienic behaviour, it is possible that higher levels of VSH activity may result in increased transmission of DWV via cannibalism and trophallaxis.
Inhibitory Effects of Superoxide Dismutase 3 on IgE Production in B Cells
Authors: Agrahari Gaurav , Sah Shyam , Bang Chul , Kim Yeong , Kim Tae 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) functions as a first-line defense against parasitic infections. However, aberrant production of IgE is known to be associated with various life-threatening allergic diseases. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) has been found to suppress IgE in various allergic diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis, ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma, and dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. However, the role of SOD3 in the regulation of IgE production in B cells remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the effect of SOD3 on LPS/IL-4 and anti-CD40/IL-4-mediated secretion of IgE in murine B cells. Our data showed that SOD3 can suppress both LPS/IL-4 and antiCD40/IL-7-induced IgE secretion in B cells isolated from both wild-type (SOD3+/+) and SOD3 knock-out (SOD3−/−) mice. Interestingly, B cells isolated from SOD3−/− mice showed higher secretion of IgE, whereas, the use of DETCA, a known inhibitor of SOD3 activity, reversed the inhibitory effect of SOD3 on IgE production. Similarly, SOD3 found to reduce the proliferation, IgE isotype switch, ROS level, and CCL17 and CCL22 productions in B cells. Furthermore, SOD3 was found to suppress both LPS/IL-4 and anti-CD40/IL-4-mediated activation of downstream signaling such as JAK1/JAK3, STAT6, NF-κB, p38, and JNK in B cells. Taken together, our data showed that SOD3 can be used as an alternative therapy to restrict IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
Comparative Chloroplast Genome Analysis of Medicinally Important Veratrum (Melanthiaceae) in China: Insights into Genomic Characterization and Phylogenetic Relationships
Authors: Zhang Ying-min , Han Li-jun , Liu Ying-Ying , Yang Cong-wei , Tian Xing , Qian Zi-gang , Li Guodong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Veratrum is a genus of perennial herbs that are widely used as traditional Chinese medicine for emetic, resolving blood stasis and relieve pain. However, the species classification and the phylogenetic relationship of the genus Veratrum have long been controversial due to the complexity of morphological variations. Knowledge on the infrageneric relationships of the genus Veratrum can be obtained from their chloroplast genome sequences and increase the taxonomic and phylogenetic resolution.Methods: Total DNA was extracted from ten species of Veratrum and subjected to next-generation sequencing. The cp genome was assembled by NOVOPlasty. Genome annotation was conducted using the online tool DOGMA and subsequently corrected by Geneious Prime. Then, genomic characterization of the Veratrum plastome and genome comparison with closely related species was analyzed by corresponding software. Moreover, phylogenetical trees were reconstructed, based on the 29 plastomes by maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods.Results: The whole plastomes of Veratrum species possess a typical quadripartite structure, ranging from 151,597 bp to 153,711 bp in size and comprising 135 genes. The gene order, content, and genome structure were nearly identical with a few exceptions across the Veratrum chloroplast genomes. The total number of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) ranged from 31 to 35, and of large sequence repeats (LSRs) ranged from 65 to 71. Seven highly divergent regions (rpoB-trnC, trnT-trnL, trnS-trnG, psbC-psbZ, psbI, ycf1, and ndhF) were identified that can be used for DNA barcoding in the genus of Veratrum. Phylogenetic analyses based on 29 plastomes strongly supported the monophyly of Veratrum. The circumscription and relationships of infrageneric taxa of Veratrum were well evaluated with high resolutions. Conclusions: Our study identified and analyzed the cp genome features of ten Veratrum species, and suggested high effectivity of chloroplast complete genome in resolving generic circumscription in Veratrum. These results will facilitate the identification, taxonomy, and utilization of Veratrum plants as well as the phylogenetic study of Melanthiaceae simultaneously.
Influence of Wind Energy Utilization Potential in Urban Suburbs: A Case Study of Hohhot
Authors: Wenxin wang , Yang Bai , Kexin Chen , Jianwen Wang , Chaofan Qin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background：Given the increasing trend of using wind energy in cities, the utilization of distributed wind energy in cities has been widely concerned by researchers. The related research on the micro-site selection of wind turbines, a sub-project of the Task27 project of the International energy agency, was continued in this paper.Methods：The wind speed data of an observation station near Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, with a range of 10-19 m were collected. The evaluation included wind direction, Weibull parameter characteristics, and turbulence intensity. The potential energy output in 10 different heights was estimated using commercial horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines of the same power.Results：The three-parameter Weibull distribution model can well describe the statistical properties of the wind speed in this site. The wind speed distribution model constructed from extrapolation parameters reflects the wind speed statistical properties out of detection positions to a certain extent.Conclusions：The wind energy density of the vertical axis wind turbine is slightly lower than that of the horizontal axis wind turbine. Furthermore, more power can be generated from March to May.
Addressing the interaction between food insecurity, depression risk and informal work: findings of a cross-sectional survey among informal women workers with young children in South Africa.
Authors: Horwood Christiane , Haskins Lyn , Hinton Rachael , Connolly Catherine , Luthuli Silondile , Rollins Nigel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a high burden of depression globally, including in South Africa. Maternal depression is associated with poverty, unstable income, food insecurity, and lack of partner support, and may lead to poor outcomes for mothers and children. In South Africa one-third of working women are in informal work, which is associated with socioeconomic vulnerability. Methods: A cross sectional survey explored work setting and conditions, food security and risk of depression among informal working women with young children (0-3years). Depression risk was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score (EPDS) and Whooley score. Food insecurity was evaluated using Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). Data was analysed using SPSS and Stata. Results: Interviews were conducted with 265 informal women workers. Types of work included domestic work, home-based work, informal employees and own account workers, most of whom were informal traders. Most participants (149/265; 56.2%) earned between US$70-200 per month, but some participants (79/265; 29.8%) earned less than US$70 per month, and few earned >US$200 per month (37/265; 14.0%). Many participants experienced mild (38/267; 14.3%), moderate (72/265; 27.2%) or severe (43/265; 16%) food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was significantly higher among participants with the lowest income compared to those with the highest income (p= 0.027). Women who received financial support from the baby’s father were less likely to be food insecure (p=0.03). Using EPDS scores, 22/265 (8.3%) women were designated as being at risk of depression. This was similar among postnatal women and women with older children. Household food insecurity was significantly associated with depression risk (p<0.001).Conclusions: Informal women workers were shown to be vulnerable with low incomes and high rates of food insecurity, thus increasing the risk for poor maternal health. However, levels of depression risk were low compared to previous estimates in South Africa, suggesting that informal workers may have high levels of resilience. Interventions to improve social protection, access to health services, and support for safe childcare in the workplace could improve the health and wellbeing of these mothers and support them to care for their children.