bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATP hydrolysis determines cold tolerance by regulating available energy for glutathione synthesis in rice seedling plants
Authors: Yu Pinghui , Jiang Ning , Fu Weimeng , Zheng Guangjie , Li Guangyan , Feng Baohua , Chen Tingting , Ma Jiaying , Li Hubo , Tao Longxing , Fu Guanfu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground: Glutathione (GSH) is important for plants to resist abiotic stress, and a large amount of energy is required in the process. However, it is not clear how the energy status affects the accumulation of GSH in plants under cold stress. Results: Two rice pure lines, Zhongzao39 (ZZ39) and its recombinant inbred line 82 (RIL82) were subjected to cold stress for 48 h. Under cold stress, RIL82 suffered more damages than ZZ39 plants, in which higher increases in APX activity and GSH content were showed in the latter than the former compared with their respective controls. This indicated that GSH was mainly responsible for the different cold tolerance between these two rice plants. Interestingly, under cold stress, greater increases in contents of carbohydrate, NAD(H), NADP(H) and ATP as well as the expression levels of GSH1 and GSH2 were showed in RIL82 than ZZ39 plants. In contrast, ATPase content in RIL82 plants was adversely inhibited by cold stress while it increased significantly in ZZ39 plants. This indicated that cold stress reduced the accumulation of GSH in RIL82 plants mainly due to the inhibition on ATP hydrolysis rather than energy deficit. Conclusion: We inferred that the energy status determined by ATP hydrolysis involved in regulating the cold tolerance of plants by controlling GSH synthesis.
Structure guided protein engineering increases enzymatic activities of the SGNH family esterases
Authors: Li Zhengyang , Li Long , Huo Yingyi , Chen Zijun , Zhao Yu , Huang Jing , Jian Shuling , Rong Zhen , Wu Di , Gan Jianhua , Hu Xiaojian , Li Jixi , Xu Xue-Wei 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Esterases and lipases hydrolyze short-chain esters and long-chain triglycerides, respectively, and therefore play essential roles in the synthesis and decomposition of ester bonds in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Many SGNH family esterases share high similarity in sequences. However, they have distinct enzymatic activities toward the same substrates. Due to a lack of structural information, the detailed catalytic mechanisms of these esterases remain barely investigated. Results In this study, we identified two SGNH family esterases, CrmE10 and AlinE4, from marine bacteria with significantly different preferences for pH, temperature, metal ion, and organic solvent tolerance despite high sequence similarity. The crystal structures of these two esterases, including wild type and mutants, were determined to high resolutions ranging from 1.18 Å to 2.24 Å. Both CrmE10 and AlinE4 were composed of five β-strands and nine α-helices, which formed one compact N-terminal α/β globular domain and one extended C-terminal domain. The aspartic residues (D178 in CrmE10/ D162 in AlinE4) stabilized the conformations of the catalytic triad (Ser-Asp-His) in both esterases, and the metal ion Cd2+ might reduce enzymatic activity by blocking proton transfer or substrate binding. CrmE10 and AlinE4 showed distinctly different electrostatic surface potentials, despite the similar atomic architectures and a similar swap catalytic mechanism. When five negative charged residues (Asp or Glu) were mutated to residue Lys, CrmE10 obtained elevated alkaline-adaptability and significantly increased the enzymatic activity from 0% to 20% at pH 10.5. Also, CrmE10 mutants exhibited dramatic change for enzymatic properties when compared with the wide-type enzyme. Conclusions These findings offer a perspective for understanding the catalytic mechanism of different esterases and might facilitate the industrial biocatalytic applications.
Impact of Climate Factors in Modeling and Predicting the Transmission of Meningitis in Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Tall Haoua , Yaméogo Issaka , Novak Ryan , Ouedraogo Lionel L , Ouedraogo Ousmane , Essoh T Alima , Moisi Jennifer C , Baguinebie Bazongo , Sakande Souleymane 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Meningitis is a major cause of morbidity in the world. Previous studies showed that climate factors influence the occurrence of meningitis. A multiple linear regression model was developed to forecast meningitis cases in Burkina Faso using climate factors. However, the multivariate linear regression model based on times series data may produce fallacious results given the autocorrelation of errors. Aims: The aim of the study is to develop a model to quantify the effect of climate factors on meningitis cases, and then predict the expected weekly incidences of meningitis for each district. Data and methods: The weekly cases of meningitis come from the Ministry of Health and covers the period 2005-2017. Climate data were collected daily in 10 meteorological stations from 2005 to 2017 and were provided by the national meteorological Agency of Burkina Faso. An ARIMAX and a multivariate linear regression model were estimated separately for each district. Results: The multivariate linear model is inappropriate to model the number of meningitis cases due to autocorrelation of errors. With the ARIMAX Model, Temperature is significantly associated with an increase of meningitis cases in 3 of 10 districts, while relative humidity is significantly associated with a decrease of meningitis cases in 3 of the 10 districts. The effect of wind speed and precipitation is not significant at the 5% level in all 10 districts. The prediction of meningitis cases with 8 test observations provides an average absolute error ranging from 0.99 in Boromo and Bogandé to 7.22 in the district of Ouagadougou. Conclusion: The ARIMAX model is more appropriate than the multivariate linear model to analyze the dynamics of meningitis cases. Climatic factors such as temperature and relative humidity have a significant influence on the occurrence of meningitis in Burkina Faso; the temperature influences it positively and the relative humidity influences it negatively.
Regulation of TRPM8 channels by PKCβ mediates morphine-induced cold hypersensitivity.
Authors: Iftinca Mircea , Basso Lilian , Flynn Robyn , Kwok Charlie , Roland Corinne , Hassan Ahmed , Defaye Manon , Ramachandran Rithwik , Trang Tuan , Altier Christophe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Postoperative shivering and cold hypersensitivity are major side effects of acute and chronic opioid treatments respectively. TRPM8 is a cold and menthol-sensitive channel found in a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptors. Deletion or inhibition of the TRPM8 channel was found to prevent the cold hyperalgesia induced by chronic administration of morphine. Here, we examined the mechanisms by which morphine was able to promote cold hypersensitivity in DRG neurons and transfected HEK cells. Mice daily injected with morphine for five days developed cold hyperalgesia. Treatment with morphine did not alter the expressions of cold sensitive TREK-1, TRAAK and TRPM8 in DRGs. However, TRPM8-expressing DRG neurons isolated from morphine-treated mice exhibited hyperexcitability. Sustained morphine treatment in vitro sensitized TRPM8 responsiveness to cold or menthol and reduced activation-evoked desensitization of the channel. Blocking phospholipase C (PLC) as well as protein kinase C beta (PKCβ), but not protein kinase A (PKA) or Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), restored channel desensitization. Identification of two PKC phosphorylation consensus sites, S1040 and S1041, in the TRPM8 and their site-directed mutation were able to prevent the MOR-induced reduction in TRPM8 desensitization. Our results show that activation of MOR by morphine 1) promotes hyperexcitability of TRPM8-expressing neurons and 2) induces a PKCβ-mediated reduction of TRPM8 desensitization. This MOR-PKCβ dependent modulation of TRPM8 may underlie the onset of cold hyperalgesia caused by repeated administration of morphine. Our findings point to TRPM8 channel and PKCβ as important targets for opioid-induced cold hypersensitivity.
Evaluating Dosimetric Constraints for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Lin Lien-Chun , Jiang Guo-Liang , Ohri Nitin , Wang Zheng , Lu Jiade , Garg Madhur , Guha Chandan , Wu XIAODONG 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective:
To identify a safe carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) regimen for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).
Methods:
We generated treatment plans for 13 consecutive, unselected patients who were treated for LAPC with CIRT at our center using three dose and fractionation schedules: 4.6 GyRBE x 12, 4.0 GyRBE x 14, and 3.0 GyRBE x 17. We tested the ability to meet published dose constraints for the duodenum, stomach, and small bowel as a function of dose schedule and distance between the tumor and organs at risk.
Results:
Using 4.6 GyRBE x 12 and 4.0 GyRBE x 14, critical (high-dose) constraints could only reliably be achieved when target volumes were not immediately adjacent to organs at risk. Critical constraints could be met in all cases using 3.0 GyRBE x 17. Low-dose constraints could not uniformly be achieved using any dose schedule.
Conclusion:
While selected patients with LAPC may be treated safely with a CIRT regimen of 4.6 GyRBE x 12, our dosimetric analyses indicate that a more conservative schedule of 3.0 GyRBE x 17 may be required to safely treat a broader population of LAPC patients, including those with large tumors and tumors that approach gastrointestinal organs at risk. The result of this work was used to guide an ongoing clinical trial.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Silver Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Nanoflakes with effective Photocatalytic Activity for Wastewater Treatment
Authors: ikram muhammad , Raza Ali , Imran Muhammad , Ul-Hamid Anwar , Shahbaz Atif , Ali Salamat 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was obtained through modified hummers method and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was acquired by employing heat treatment. Various concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt.%) of silver (Ag) were incorporated in GO nanosheets by adopting hydrothermal approach. Synthesized Ag decorated rGO photocatalyst Ag/rGO was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine phase purity and crystal structure. XRD patterns showed the formation of GO to Ag/rGO. Molecular vibration and functional groups were determined through Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optical properties and a decrease in bandgap with insertion of Ag were confirmed with UV-visible (Uv-vis.) spectrophotometer and Photoluminescence (PL). Electronic properties and disorders in carbon structures were investigated through Raman spectroscopy that revealed the existence of characteristic bands (D and G). Surface morphology of prepared samples was examined with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Homogeneous distribution, size and spherical shape of Ag NPs over rGO sheets were further confirmed with the help of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM). Dye degradation of doped and undoped samples was examined through Uv-vis. spectra. Experimental results indicated that photocatalytic activity of Ag@rGO enhanced with increased doping ratio owing to diminished electron-hole pair recombination. Therefore, it is suggested that Ag@rGO can be used as a beneficial and superior photocatalyst to clean environment and wastewater.
The cumulative duration of bispectral index less than 40 concurrent with hypotension is associated with 90-day postoperative mortality: a retrospective study
Authors: Yoon Soohyuk , Yoo Seokha , Hur Min , Park Sun-Kyung , Lee Hyung-Chul , Jung Chul-Woo , Bahk Jae-Hyon , Kim Jin-Tae 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The influence of intraoperative low bispectral index (BIS) values and hypotension on poor clinical outcomes has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of intraoperative low BIS values and hypotension on postoperative mortality in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 1,862 cases of general anesthesia. We collected the cumulative time of BIS values below 20 and 40 as well as electroencephalographic suppression and documented the incidences in which these states were maintained for at least 5 minutes. Durations of intraoperative mean arterial pressures (MAP) less than 50 mmHg were also recorded. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between suspected risk factors and postoperative mortality. Results Ninety-day mortality and 180-day mortality were 1.5% and 3.2% respectively. The cumulative time in minutes for BIS values falling below 40 coupled with MAP falling below 50 mmHg was associated with 90-day mortality (odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.53; P = .019). We found no association between BIS related values and 180-day mortality. Conclusions Delicate adjustment of anesthetic depth is important to avoid excessive brain suppression and hypotension, which could be associated with postoperative mortality.
Attitude of Nursing Students towards Internet Plus Nursing Service
Authors: Zhao Hua , Zhao Peng , Wang yanni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In 2019, China completed the pilot project “Internet plus Nursing Service.” As undergraduate nursing students are the future of nursing, their attitude, willingness, and motivation toward “Internet plus Nursing Service” deserves study.The study aimed to investigate the attitude, willingness, and motivation of third-year undergraduate nursing students toward “Internet plus Nursing Service,” providing a reference for the development of “Internet plus Nursing Service” and related nursing education. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 508 third-year undergraduate nursing students from a public University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, using a self-designed survey. Results: Most students held a positive attitude towards “Internet plus Nursing Service,” and were willing to choose “Internet plus Nursing Service” as their future career choice. Conclusion: School education should develop a diversified nursing service model, and professional training programs that meet social demands and professional needs, and address the opportunities and challenges brought by the Internet era should be implemented.
Clinical and Anthropometric Characteristics of the Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype in Adolescents with Adequate and High BMI
Authors: Magalhães Ana Carla Leocadio , Pierucci Anna Paola T. , Oliveira Maria Núbia G. , Campos Aline B. F. , Jesus Patrícia C. , Ramalho Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MUH) phenotypes have been discussed in the literature but the factors related to the development of these phenotypes, in adolescents with adwuate and high body mass index (BMI), are not yet fully understood. Objective To evaluate the relationship between age during the menarche, serum leptin concentrations, body composition and MH and MUH phenotypes, in adolescents with adequate and high BMI. Methods Observational and cross-sectional study made up of female adolescents attended at Centro de Referência do Adolescente, in Macaé, Rio de Janeiro. The stage of sexual maturation and the age at menarche were analyzed based on the self-declaration of the participants. The menarche was considered early (EM) when the first menstruation occurred up to 11 years of age; normal (NM) between 12 and 14 years old; and late after 15 years of age. Body mass and height were measured to calculate BMI, and the following body variables were analyzed: waist circumference (WC), waist/height ratio (WHR), body fat (BF%), fat body mass index (FBMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI). In addition, cardiometabolic components and serum leptin concentrations were measured.Results 82% (n=114) of the adolescents were classified as MH and 18% (n=25) as MU. The mean age at menarche was 11.79 ± 1.39 years. 60% (n=15) of EM and 84% (n=21) of inadequacy of serum leptin were identified in the MUH group. Among eutrophic women, there was 85.7% (n=6) of inadequate WC among MUH adolescents and 2.5% (n=2) among MH ones ( p <0.01), while among adolescents with high BMI, 88.9% (n=16) and 28.6 (n=10) of the MUH and MH groups, respectively, showed inadequacy of this variable ( p <0.01). Among MUH adolescents, there was a strong correlation between the age at menarche and BF% (r= - 0.63 p <0.01); VAI and TG (r=0.87 p <0.01), BF% (r=0.63 p <0.01) and FFM (r=0.61 p <0.01). Conclusion Age at menarche, serum leptin and WC are related to the MUH phenotype in adolescents and should be investigated, during clinical practice, to help prevent cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood.
Clinical characteristics and current treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan, China: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Chen Yuhong , Zhang Kun , Zhu Guijun , Liu Lixia , Yan Xixin , Cai Zhigang , Zhang Zhongheng , Hu Zhengjie 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: A novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan and rapidly spread elsewhere. The clinical characteristics and treatment of critical ill patients outside Wuhan remain unknown. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and treatment of critical ill patients with COVID-19 in Hebei province.Methods: All patients were from designated hospitals of Hebei province and fit the criteria. We collected the clinical data, laboratory examinations and treatment of all participants.Results: By 14 February 2020, 37 critical ill patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 58.73 (SD 13.76) years, 21 (56.80%) patients were men, 18 (48.60%) were familial cluster, 26 (70.30%) patients had chronic illness. The patients with critical type had a longer period of confirmation time, more severe inflammation and lung injury, a lower lymphocyte percentage. All patients were treated with antiviral agents, 33 (89.20%) with antibacterial agents, 35 (95.60%) patients with methylprednisolone and traditional Chinese drugs. Nine (60.00%) patients with critical type were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, 9 (60.00%) of those with complications. The patients with critical type received more fluid and more diuretics.Conclusion: Patients with underlying disease and the confirmation time> 10 days were more likely to develop to critical type. The critical type patients had higher risk of infection, respiratory depression, circulatory collapse, and complications. The strategy of lung-protective mechanical ventilation and restrictive fluid management should be strictly followed.
Cardiac arrest survival post-resuscitation in-hospital (CASPRI)—a tool to predict neurological outcome after ROSC
Authors: Liu Bofu , He Yarong , Jiang Peng , Sun Jiachen , Han Tianyong , Li Qin , Li Ruixin , Cao Yu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To develop a cardiac arrest survival post-resuscitation in-hospital (CASPRI) scoring system evaluating the prognosis of neurological function in ROSC patients.Methods: This single-center, retrospective study reviewed the eligible patients admitted to the emergency department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation and restored spontaneous circulation from January 1, 2014 00:00 to December 31, 2017 23:59. Clinical histories, blood test, biochemistry proﬁle, coagulation indexes and other laboratory tests during emergency department visit were collected. The MEWS, sOHCA, APACHE II, and the highest SOFA scores were calculated during the period between emergency room admission and ROSC. The clinical data of ROSC patients in the test group were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. The possible risk factors related to the unfavorable prognosis of 90-day neurological function were screened and CASPRI score was constructed. The eﬃcacy of CASPRI score on evaluating the neurological function of ROSC patients was analyzed by ROC curve and proved in the validation group.Main results: 503 patients were included in the test group. After correcting potential confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TBIL, ALB at admission of emergency department, Lac at ROSC, resuscitation time, non-shockable rhythms were independent risk factors for poor neurological prognosis of ROSC patients (p<0.05). ROC curve showed that the CASPRI score was superior to the APACHE II score, SOFA score, MEWS score and sOHCA score, and the diﬀerence was statistically signiﬁcant (p<0.05). In the validation group with 256 patients included, the incidence of poor neurological prognosis in high-risk, intermediate-risk, and low-risk groups based on CASPRI score were 97.89%, 85.59%, and 58.33%, respectively, and the diﬀerence was statistically signiﬁcant (p<0.001). CASPRI score was superior to the SOFA score and MEWS score, the diﬀerence was statistically signiﬁcant (p<0.05).Conclusions: CASPRI score is an eﬀective tool for the early evaluation of the neurological prognosis of ROSC patients. Its eﬃcacy exceeds the MEWS and SOFA scoring systems currently used in clinical practice.
Formula-fed and Clostridium difficile infected neonatal piglets carry a highly diverse and abundant set of antimicrobial resistance genes
Authors: Pieper Robert , Dadi Temesgen , Grzeskowiak Lukasz , Pieper Laura , Siegmund Britta , Vahjen Wilfried , Schwarz Stefan , Heinsen Femke-Anouska , Franke Andre , Reinert Knut , Zentek Jürgen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an increasing zoonotic health threat and has also been documented as a cause of enteritis outbreaks in neonatal pigs. Furthermore, CDI in neonatal piglets cause changes in microbial gut colonization. We hypothesized that an imbalanced microbial colonization in piglets with CDI could be associated with an altered abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes. Results: We analyzed fecal metagenomic data of lactating sows (S), their piglets during suckling (SP), the same piglets two weeks after weaning (WP), 5-day old artificially reared and formula-fed siblings (FP) and FP infected with C. difficile (FP-CD) for microbiota composition and antimicrobial resistance gene abundance. FP and FP-CD piglets had an immature-type microbiota and increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes. A co-occurrence of genes encoding for resistance against aminoglycosides (e.g. aph(3”)-lb, aph(6)-ld, ant(2”)-la), β-lactams (blaCTX-M, blaTEM), fluoroquinolones (pat(A) macrolides (mph(A)), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), polypeptides (e.g. pmrB, pmrC, arnA, bac(A)) and tetracyclines (e.g. tet(A-D),) was observed. Conclusion: Increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes in formula feeding and concomitant CDI may be associated with therapeutic resistance later in life and warrant further studies.