bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF DRIED LEAF POWDER OF OCIMUM SANCTUM IN HEXAMITA-INFECTED FISH ANABAS TESTUDINEUS
Authors: PRADIP MONDAL  , NIMAI CHANDRA SAHA  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The prophylactic and antioxidative role of the dried powdered of Ocimum sanctum (Tulasi) was measured in Hexamita-infected fish Anabas testudineus.
Method: Four groups of infected fish were kept in four separate aquariums and the following doses of leaf powder applied (25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg/L) for 10 days, and the first group is considered as control and no such treatment is given there.
Results: Histopathology showed a remarkable alteration in the structure of liver tissue. Progressive changes observe along with the treatment schedule in hepatic histology and differential count of blood. Results showed that Hexamita infections significantly increased (p<0.05) the oxidative stress in the liver of infected fish. Whereas the treated fish exposed to different doses of powdered leaf of O. sanctum show significantly higher levels of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase) and lower levels of stress marker (Malondialdehyde) than control fish. This treatment caused a rapid skin formation in the scar region. The highest recovery found in 100 mg/L doses of leaf powder, whereas the least recovery found in 25 mg/L group.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study may play a key role in aquaculture industry for controlling the death of fish from Hexamita infection.
METOPROLOL-INDUCED LIVER INJURY AND THE HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN E IN RABBITS
Authors: MAYSAA BANAY ZUBAIRI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: This study aims to investigate the hepatotoxicity of metoprolol and find a prophylactic way to protect the liver through the use of Vitamin E.
Methods: A total of 18 male rabbits were divided randomly into three groups, with six in each group. Group I (control) received corn oil, Group II was treated with metoprolol (20 mg/kg), and Group III was treated with Vitamin E (175 mg/kg) 30 min before metoprolol treatment. All treatments were given orally and daily for 14 days; animals were sacrificed at day 15. Biochemical parameters were estimated, and the liver was used for histopathological examinations.
Results: Histopathological changes of liver injury were found in all metoprolol-treated rabbits, while these changes were minimized in all rabbits who were given Vitamin E. Serum liver function tests and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly elevated after metoprolol treatment and returned close to the control value on prior treatment with Vitamin E. Serum MDA, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were significantly decreased following treatment with Vitamin E.
Conclusion: Vitamin E may have a hepatoprotective effect against metoprolol-induced liver injury in rabbits.
HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS AGAINST ROUNDUP-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN FROGS
Authors: AWADALLA EA  , MOHAMED AAA  , ABDELSADIK A  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Roundup (RUP) is a prominent utilized worldwide herbicide. Possible toxicity of RUP is a considerable debate. We studied the possible mode of RUP cytotoxicity and the antitoxic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (EUC) in male of Bufo regularis.
Methods: We were analyzed EUC extract scavenging activity and determined the bioactive compounds. In addition, we measured the lipid peroxidation (LPO), histopathological changes, and gene expression in the liver. Frogs were divided into negative control, EUC, RUP, and combined RUP and EUC treated (RUP+EUC) groups. Data were represented as mean±SD and considered statistically significant when p<0.05.
Results: Treatment of animals with RUP increased LPO and numerous pathological changes with an increased number of melanomacrophages (MMCs). In addition, RUP-treated group revealed downregulation of different genes associated with immunity and mitochondrial activity. On the other side, RUP+EUC-treated group showed restoration of the normal hepatic structure and ultrastructural integrity for a considerable extent. The current study evidenced immune system dysregulation through recombinant activating gene 1 downregulation and overexpression of CX chemokine receptor type-4 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I.
Conclusion: The current data represent a direct evidence for the toxicity of RUP that experimentally verified by the histopathological changes, elevated LPO, and imbalanced gene expression. Moreover, aggregation of MMCs pointed to the faced immunological challenges due to RUP toxicity. We are emphasizing that uncontrolled use of RUP is potentially hazardous to the living organisms and man. The application of natural antagonists such a plant extract (e.g., EUC) can reduce biological toxicity.
“EVALUATION OF GALPHIMIA GLAUCA STEM METHANOL EXTRACT FRACTIONS FOR ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES”
Authors: GARIGE BABA SHANKAR RAO  , SRISAILAM K  , V UMA MAHESHWARA RAO  , VASUDHA B  
Published: October 2019

Objective: This current investigation assesses in vivo central and peripheral analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of fractions obtained from Galphimia glauca (GG) stem methanol extract.
Methods: The laboratory models such as Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats were employed in the studies. The GG stem methanol extract was subjected to fractionation with solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Orally, the dose range of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was given for 1 day for evaluating analgesic (hotplate test, tail clip test, writhing test, and formalin test) and weekdays for assessing anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan and cotton pellet test methods), respectively. The experimental studies were further conducted for determining the involvement of central and peripheral receptor actions in the analgesic activity of the extract by prechallenging it with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory studies were conducted using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet granuloma test.
Results: The LD50 of the extract was found to be >2000 mg/kg b.w. The methanol fraction of 400 mg/kg dose exhibited significant (p≤0.001) and dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It also exhibited central and peripheral analgesic actions when treated with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively.
Conclusion: The results revealed that the stem methanol fraction has more potential in terms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS BASED ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GEL FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors: ROHINI S KHARWADE  , NILESH M MAHAJAN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based topical gel of lornoxicam (LXM) was formulated with the aim of controlled release action and to reduce systemic side effect for the treatment of an arthritic condition.
Methods: NLCs developed using high-pressure homogenization method and optimized using a 32 factorial design with response surface methodology using design expert software. NLCs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential analysis, drug entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release studies to select the optimized formulation. The NLCs were suitably gelled and evaluated with respect to homogeneity, pH, viscosity, gel strength, spreadability, rheological characteristics, drug content, in vitro diffusion, and stability study. Safety of the NLC-based gel was assessed using primary skin irritation studies, and efficacy was confirmed using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.
Results: NLCs formulation comprising 2% of lipid (60:40) and surfactant (1.50%) was confirmed as an optimized batch having a particle size (138.2±3.60 nm) with polydispersibility index value 0.344±0.034. The zeta potential value indicates good physical stability. Based on the results from the in vitro release study it was shown that the formed gels had the ability to extend release of LXM for 24 h and showing percentage drug release of 90.92%±1.96% at the end of 24 h. Skin irritation studies revealed that the optimized gel formulation shows no erythema, edema, or ulceration.
Conclusion: The overall results of the present study clearly indicated promising potentials of NLC-based gel for delivering LXM topically over the conventional gel.
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY - MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS, INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA MASS SPECTROMETRY INVESTIGATION, AND ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA (L.) ROXB SEED KERNEL
Authors: ALI ALRABIE  , OLA BASAʼA R  , MAZAHAR FAROOQUI  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and phytochemical constituents of methanol extract of Caesalpinia bonducella seed kernel using gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Methods: In GC-MS investigation, 95% methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel was performed on JEOL GC MATE ΙΙ, column HP 5 MS, and Quadruple, double-focusing mass analyzer. Determination of heavy metals from C. bonducella powder was performed using Thermo scientific I CAP Q instrument, for plant powder digestion Anton Paar Microwave model: Multiwave 300 was used. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilutions broth method.
Results: GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of C. bonducella seed kernel has shown 11 different phytoconstituents. ICP-MS analysis has shown the concentration of ten heavy metals in C. bonducella seed kernel as follows: Cr 1.5 ppm, Fe 72.72 ppm, Co 0.33 ppm, Ni 0.03 ppm, Cu 10.73 ppm, Zn 18.44 ppm, As 0.03 ppm, Cd 0.02 ppm, and Pb 0.58 ppm.
Conclusion: Result showed that the plant is safe to use from toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, and Pb. It is suitable to check frequently the heavy metal content in the plant used in traditional medicines before given to patients.
STUDY ON ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF SEVERAL VIETNAMESE MEDICINE PLANTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH POLYPHENOL CONTENTS
Authors: THANH VAN NGUYEN  , HAI THANH NGUYEN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Our study evaluated the inhibitory effects of 13 plant materials on bacterial growth, so as to explain their traditional uses in bacterial infections. In addition, the correlation between antibacterial effects of plants and the polyphenol contents or antioxidant activities was also verified to investigate if these properties were responsible for the plant antibacterial effects.
Methods: We tested extracts with 20 bacterial strains purchased from Japan Veterinary Products Association (JVPA, Tokyo, Japan) and also the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus suis (S. suis) strains that we had previously isolated from livestock. After polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities were measured, we examined their correlations with antibacterial effects.
Results: The results showed that all extracts exerted inhibitory effects on tested bacteria and at different levels. Among all of samples, betel and mother rhizome of turmeric showed the strongest effects and also exerted inhibition on antibiotic-resistant E. coli and S. suis bacteria. In addition, direct and significant correlations between antibacterial effects’ and polyphenol content’s values were established and thus demonstrating that antibacterial effects of plants were attributable, at least in part, to the presence of polyphenol compounds.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the antibacterial effects of 13 plant materials and, therefore, partly gives pharmacological basis to explain their traditional uses in diseases associated with bacterial infections. In addition, as betel and mother rhizome of turmeric showed the highest effects, we suggested that they might serve as the most promissory candidates for bacterial treatment. However, follow-up researches are still required to assess their potentials.
Synthesis and antiâ€“microbial activity of 1,2,3â€“triazole tethered nitroguiacol ethers
Authors: Rachakonda Sridhar , Naaz Fatima , Ali Intzar , K. R. S. Prasad , Mandava V. Basaveswara Rao , Syed Shafi 
Published: October 2019

Nitro aromatic/nitrophenols have been widely distributed in nature and are mostly isolated from marine microorganisms and had shown a broad spectrum of antiâ€“microbial activities against a wide range of microbial pathogens. The objective of the present work is to Synthesize some new 1,2,3â€“triazole tethered nitroguiacol ethers and evaluated of their antiâ€“bacterial and antiâ€“fungal activities. A focused library of 1,2,3-triazole tethered nitroguiacol ethers were prepared by employing Cu (I) catalyzed click chemistry reaction and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities by broth microdilution method. Among the tested compounds, compounds 8e, 8f, 8g, and 8i exhibited broadâ€“spectrum activity against selected pathogenic strains, with the MIC of 8 Âµg/mL for gramâ€“positive bacteria (StaphylococcusÂ aureus), 16 Âµg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gramâ€“negative bacteria), and Candida species, respectively. Future investigations with this class of compounds may lead to the development of potential candidates for antimicrobial drug discovery.Â
EFFECT OF AGE, AND SPLEEN AND TREATMENT STATUS ON MALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES AND SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETER LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH BETA-THALASSEMIA MAJOR
Authors: JAMELA JOUDA  , RAJWAN ABDULJABBAR GHAZZAY  , WAFAA F AL-MOSAWY  
Published: October 2019

Objective: This research was conducted to study the relationship between spleen status and chelation treatment status with the male reproductive hormones and some physiological parameter levels.
Methods: A total of 35 males with thalassemia major (TM) patients are recruited. Patients are grouped according to (1) their age into two groups; ˂18 years and ≥18 years, (2) their spleen status into two groups; splenectomize and non-splenectomize, and (3) their chelation treatment status into two groups; regulation and irregulation. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and blood was collected from all patients just before blood transfusion session. Hb, ABO blood groups, ferritin, and hormone (luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], testosterone, prolactin, and cortisone) levels were determined.
Results: The highest frequency of thalassemia was in Group O and the lowest was in AB. BMI was higher in TM patients aged ≥18 years, TM patients with splenectomize, and TM patient who take the treatment irregularly. TM patients aged ≥18 years have high level of LH, FSH, and testosterone. TM patients without splenectomize have higher FSH, prolactin, and testosterone. TM patients take the treatment regularly have significantly higher testosterone levels and non-significantly lower FSH level.
Conclusion: The levels of cortisol and prolactin hormones are not disturbed in TM patients and not associated with the rate of transfusion, but the level of Hb and ferritin leads to underweight in BMI and may lead to endocrine dysfunction, especially sexual hormones (FSH, LH, and testosterone). These BMI and sex hormones are related to age, spleen, and treatment status.
ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF BAUHINIA VAHLII Wt. and Arn. (CAESALPINIACEAE) ROOT – A BOTANICAL SOURCE FOR THE AYURVEDA DRUG MURVA
Authors: KAMATCHI SUNDARA SARAVANAN  , VARADHARAJAN MADHAVAN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of Bauhinia vahlii Wt. and Arn. (Caesalpiniaceae) root, a botanical source for Murva (Ayurveda drug).
Methods: Ethanol extract of B. vahlii root (EEBVR) and aqueous extract of B. vahlii root (AEBVR) prepared were subjected for acute toxicity study adopting Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Antidiabetic property of EEBVR and AEBVR was screened against Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The diabetic animals were administered with standard drug glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg), EEBVR (200 and 400 mg/kg), and AEBVR (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, liver malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and glycogen were estimated along with pancreatic histological analysis.
Results: EEBVR (400 mg/kg) exerted a marked antidiabetic activity among the extracts at the tested doses, as evidenced by considerable reversal of biochemical parameters that were well supported by the histopathological interpretation of pancreas.
Conclusion: This study confirms the antidiabetic potential of B. vahlii root and also its traditional claim in the use of DM.
GENOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC STEM EXTRACTS OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA ON SODIUM ARSENITE-INDUCED DNA DAMAGE IN SWISS MICE LYMPHOCYTES BY COMET ASSAY
Authors: AMBASTA SK  , SHASHIKANT  , SINHA UK  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the DNA protective effects of ethanolic extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem on Swiss albino mice lymphocytes against the sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity.
Methods: In this experiment, 25 animals of nearly the same age were equally divided. Group 1 (control) fed on tap water while rest four (2, 3, 4, and 5) groups were treated with 4 mg/kg body weight, per orally sodium arsenite for 12 weeks. Sodium arsenite pretreated groups (4 and 5) were followed by administration of 80 mg/kg body weight, per orally T. cordifolia extracts for the next 12 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the 8th week and 12th week, respectively, for the assessment of sodium arsenite-induced genotoxicity and comparative genoprotective effects of experimental plant extracts. The extent of DNA migration is directly proportional to the magnitude of DNA damage. Percentage tail DNA content and olive tail moment parameters were used in the comet to relate DNA damage.
Results: The findings suggested that the ethanolic stem extracts of T. cordifolia significantly inhibited the sodium arsenite-induced oxidative genotoxicity. The phytoconstituents of T. cordifolia shown to retard genetic damage associated with arsenic exposure.
Conclusion: T. cordifolia may be used as a preventive herbal preparation against chemical or arsenical toxicity.
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL 1-((DIMETHYLAMINO)METHYL)-3-(4-(3-(SUBSTITUTE DPHENYL)-4-OXOTHIAZOLIDIN-2-YL)PHENYLIMINO)-5-NITROINDOLIN-2-ONES AS POTENT ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS
Authors: KOSARAJU LAHARI  , RAJA SUNDARARAJAN  
Published: October 2019

Objective: Isatins have emerged as antimicrobial agents due to their broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities. In addition, thiazolidinone also reported to possess various biological activities particularly antimicrobial activity. Due to the importance, we planned to synthesize compounds with isatin functionality coupled with thiazolidinone as possible antitubercular and antimicrobial agents which could furnish better therapeutic results.
Methods: In vitro Mycobacterium tuberculosis method and agar streak dilution test are used to estimate antitubercular and antimicrobial potency of title analogs, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration of entire title compounds was determined against all tested microorganism such as M. tuberculosis, four Gram-positive, three Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungi.
Results: A series of new thiazolidinone substituted Schiff and Mannich bases of 5-nitroisatins were designed and synthesized by a multistep synthesis from isatin. Structures of synthesized compounds are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, and bases of elemental analysis. Mild to good antitubercular and antimicrobial activity was showed by synthesized 5-nitroisatin analogs. The relationship between the biological activity and the functional group variation of the tested compounds was discussed.
Conclusion: 3-(4-(3-(4-Aminophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-yl)phenylimino)-1-((dimethyl amino)methyl)-5-nitroindolin-2-one 6 and 3-(4-(3- (2-aminophenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-2-yl)phenylimino)-1-((dimethylamino)methyl)-5-nitroindolin-2-one 13 were found to be the most potent compounds of this series which might be extended as a novel class of antimicrobial agents.
EVALUATION OF MEMORY-ENHANCING ACTIVITY FOR ERYTHRININE FROM LEAF EXTRACT OF ERYTHRINA INDICA
Authors: KAMALRAJ R  , SUBHASHREE G R  
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory-enhancing activity for erythrinine (ring-c-oxygenated Erythrina alkaloid) from leaf extract of Erythrina indica in mice.
Methods: The study protocol designed in the way that it was carried out for 21 successive days by administrating the 5 mg/kg, s.c doses of isolated erythrinine to mice and the profile was challenged against the mice feeds with normal saline as a positive control and the mice treated with 5 mg/kg, s.c corticosterone as a negative control for the amnesia using Morris water maze test method.
Results: Erythrinine-administered mice are showing remarkable retention of the memory (9.07±0.52) on the 21st day as such of the positive control normal saline (10.14±0.22) and against the negative control corticosterone-injected mice (70.86±0.54).
Conclusions: The dose of 5 mg/kg s.c of isolated erythrinine from the leaf of E. indica shows the remarkable memory enhancement when it was investigated with the memory weakening induced test by corticosterone in mice’s using 5 mg/kg s.c. However, further studies required to elucidate the exact mechanism of action for developing its as potent memory-enhancing drug.
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER OXIDE NANOPARTICLES BY CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS SP. AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS SP.
Authors: SHRADDHA SHIRSAT  , DHANASHRI PAWAR  , NISHITA JAIN  , JAYANT PAWAR  , VIDYA S TALE  , RABINDER HENRY  
Published: October 2019

Objective: To determine antimicrobial efficacy of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) against Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp.
Methods: CuO NPs were synthesized using chemical precipitation method. The reducing agent, 0.1 M NaOH, was used along with 100 mM CuSO4 precursor for the synthesis of CuO NPs. The characterization of CuO NPs was done by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study optical and morphological characteristics, correspondingly. The identification of bacterial cultures was done through microscopic and biochemical studies. Antibacterial efficacy of CuO NPs was determined against Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. by qualitative and quantitative methods through anti-well diffusion assay and broth dilution method, respectively.
Results: The absorption spectrum and band gap were found to be at 260 nm and 4.77 eV, respectively. The SEM image of CuO NPs shows cluster of nanostructures having width of individual clusters in the range of 100 nm–500 nm. CuO NPs showed inhibition at a concentration ranging from 60 μg/mL to 1000 μg/mL.
Conclusion: Finally, CuO NPs can be used as effective antibacterial agent against Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. and may have applications in medical microbiology.