bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of optical and wireless backhaul networks and emerging trends of next generation 5G and 6G technologies
Authors: Sharma Teena , Chehri Abdellah , Fortier Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMobile Backhauling provides an interface between radio controller and base stations, mostly realized with a physical medium such as optical fibers or microwave radio links. With the huge mobile traffic due to an increase in mobile subscribers as well as deployment of 4G and 5G cellular network technologies, better solutions for capacity and coverage should be provided in order to enhance spectral efficiency. For 4G cellular networks, mobile backhaul networks deal with capacity, availability, deployment cost, and long‐distance reaches. In addition, mobile backhaul networks based on the 5G network incurs additional challenges that include 1 ms or less ultralow latency time requirements and ultra‐dense nature of the network capabilities. Therefore, for 5G technologies, latency delay, QoS, packet efficiency, noise suppression, and mitigation techniques, efficient modulation schemes, and packet network timing synchronization are some aspects that are to be dealt with while designing efficient backhaul approaches (wired/wireless). Current backhaul systems typically use cost‐effective solutions (eg, ‐Wi‐Fi and WiMAX)‐based packet‐switched technologies, especially Ethernet/Internet technologies and high‐speed optical fiber links.
Changes in hillslope hydrology in a perched, shallow soil system due to clearcutting and residual biomass removal
Authors: McCarter Colin P. R. , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Eggert Susan L. , Kolka Randall K. , Mitchell Carl P. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSustainable fuels legislation and volatility in energy prices have put additional pressures on the forestry sector to intensify the harvesting of biomass for “advanced biofuel” production. To better understand how residual biomass removal after harvest affects forest hydrology in relatively low slope terrain, a Before‐After‐Control‐Impact (BACI) study was conducted in the USDA Forest Service's Marcell Experimental Forest, Minnesota, USA. Hydrological measurements were made from 2010–2013 on a forested hillslope that was divided into three treatment blocks, where one block was harvested and residual biomass removed (Biomass Removed), the second was harvested and residual biomass left (Biomass Left), and the last block was left as an Unharvested Control. The pre‐harvest period (2 years) was 2010–11 and post‐harvest (2 years) was 2012–13. Water table elevation at the upslope and downslope position, subsurface runoff, and soil moisture were measured between May–November. Mixed effect statistical models were used to compare both the before‐after and “control” treatment ratios (ratios between harvested hillslopes and the Unharvested Control hillslope). Subsurface runoff significantly increased (p < .05) at both harvested hillslopes but to a greater degree on the Biomass Left hillslope. Greater subsurface runoff volumes at both harvested hillslopes were driven by substantial increases during fall, with additional significant increases during summer on the Biomass Left hillslope. The hydrological connectivity, inferred from event runoff ratios, increased due to harvesting at both hillslopes but only significantly on the Biomass Left hillslope. The winter harvest minimized soil disturbance, resulting in no change to the effective hydraulic conductivity distribution with depth. Thus, the observed hydrological changes were driven by increased effective precipitation and decreased evapotranspiration, increasing the duration that both harvested hillslopes were hydrologically active. The harvesting of residual biomass appears to lessen hydrological connectivity relative to leaving residual biomass on the hillslope, potentially decreasing downstream hydrological impacts of similar forestry operations.
When the physical coldness in the viewer's environment leads to identification with a suffering protagonist
Authors: Tal‐Or Nurit , Razpurker‐Apfeld Irene 
Published: October 2020

Based on theories of narrative engagement and embodied cognition, we hypothesised that a fit between the psychological state of a protagonist and the physical sensation of the viewer would enhance the subsequent identification with the protagonist, but not para‐social relationship with him (seeing the protagonist as a friend). We also hypothesised that identification and a para‐social relationship would lead to distinct effects on attitudes related to the narrative. Participants (N = 60) were randomly assigned to either a warmed or cooled room where they watched a movie clip alone in which a suffering protagonist wanted to undergo euthanasia while his close others wanted him to stay alive. Then, the participants answered a questionnaire measuring their identification and para‐social relationship with the protagonist and their attitudes toward euthanasia. In accordance with the hypotheses, the results demonstrated that feeling cold enhanced identification with the suffering protagonist. However, the environmental temperature did not affect the development of para‐social relationships. Moreover, identification with the suffering protagonist contributed to acceptance of his attitudes, reflected in more positive views of euthanasia. In contrast, having a para‐social relationship with the protagonist resulted in negative attitudes toward euthanasia.
Rare case of intracranial hemorrhage associated with seoul virus infection diagnosed by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Xie Dan , Xu Wen , Xian Ying , Yuan Xiaofeng , Huang Zhenchao , You Jingya , Bi Xiaogang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeoul virus (SEOV) is a Hantavirus and the causative pathogen of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS). Diagnosing SEOV infection is difficult because the clinical presentations are often undistinguishable from other viral or bacterial infections. In addition, diagnostic tools including serological and molecular assays are not readily available in the clinical settings.Case ReportA 57‐year‐old male presented with fever and a sudden loss of consciousness in November 2019. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed subdural hematoma, subfalcine herniation, and brain infarction. He developed thrombocytopenia and elevated transaminases, but no rashes or obvious kidney damage. He reported having a rat bite. HFRS was suspected. The Hantavirus IgG was positive, and the metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) detected SEOV sequences directly in the blood.ConclusionThis report highlights the importance of suspecting SEOV infection in febrile patients with thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes despite the absence of hemorrhagic manifestations of skin and renal syndromes. Next‐generation sequencing is a powerful tool for pathogen detection. Intracranial hemorrhage and brain infarction as extrarenal manifestations of HFRS are rare but possible as demonstrated in this case.
The social context of nonsuicidal self‐injury: Links to severity, suicide risk, and social factors
Authors: O'Loughlin Caitlin M. , Gomer Brenna , Ammerman Brooke A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThough nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is generally considered to be a private act, 21%–52% of individuals who engage in NSSI do so around others. Those who engage in NSSI alone often demonstrate severe behavior. However, little is known about the distinction between those who only sometimes versus always engage in NSSI when they are around others. Three groups of individuals who engage in NSSI were examined: Always, sometimes, and never alone.MethodParticipants (N = 861; 84.2% female; M age = 20.06) were undergraduates who answered online questionnaires. Severity of NSSI, suicide risk, and social risk factors were used to predict group membership.ResultsEngaging in NSSI around others aligned with less severe NSSI behavior, lower suicide risk, and fewer interpersonal difficulties versus those who engage in NSSI alone.ConclusionsNSSI's social context may indicate clinical severity. This information is useful for clinicians who work with individuals with a history of NSSI.
The association of metacognition with emotion recognition and perspective taking in a Russian sample with psychosis
Authors: Lysaker Paul H. , Chernov Nikita , Moiseeva Tatyana , Sozinova Marta , Dmitryeva Nadezhda , Alyoshin Vitaliy , Kukla Marina , Wiesepape Courtney , Karpenko Olga , Kostyuk Georgiy 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveSchizophrenia may reflect an interactive network of disturbances in cognition. In this study we have examined the relationship between two forms of cognition: metacognition and social cognition among a sample with schizophrenia (n = 41), early episode psychosis (n = 37), and major depression (n = 30) gathered in Moscow, Russia.MethodsMetacognition was assessed with the Metacognition Assessment Scale‐Abbreviated. Social cognition was assessed with the Ekman 60 Faces Test and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Verbal memory and global psychopathology were included as potential covariates.ResultsPartial correlations controlling for demographics, neurocognition, and psychopathology revealed greater metacognitive capacity was linked to better facial emotion recognition and perspective taking in the prolonged schizophrenia group. Greater metacognitive capacity in the early psychosis group was linked with greater facial emotion recognition. Metacognition and social cognition were not related to one another in the depression group.ConclusionsSocial cognition and metacognition may be uniquely related in psychosis.
Pharmacokinetics of Voxelotor in Patients With Renal and Hepatic Impairment
Authors: Preston Richard A. , Marbury Thomas , Balaratnam Ganesh , Green Michelle , Dixon Sandy , Lehrer‐Graiwer Josh , Washington Carla 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwo open‐label studies assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of Oxbryta (voxelotor) in subjects with hepatic or renal impairment. Eight subjects with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 8 healthy age‐, sex‐, and body mass index–matched controls were administered a single oral dose of voxelotor 900 mg. Seven patients with mild (Child‐Pugh A), moderate (Child‐Pugh B), and severe (Child‐Pugh C) hepatic impairment and healthy age‐, sex‐, and body mass index–matched controls (7:7:7:7) were administered a single oral dose of voxelotor 1500 mg, except those with severe hepatic impairment (600 mg). There was no apparent effect of renal function on the excretion of voxelotor based on comparable half‐life values between subjects with severe renal impairment and healthy matched controls. Mean area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0‐inf) values were lower by approximately 50% (plasma) and 25% (whole blood) in subjects with severe renal impairment compared with controls. Accordingly, dose adjustment is not required in patients with severe renal impairment. Voxelotor plasma and whole‐blood exposures were slightly increased in subjects with mild and moderate hepatic impairment. Mean AUC0‐inf values were approximately 9% to 18% higher compared with those of healthy matched controls. Dose adjustment is therefore not required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment. Voxelotor mean AUC0‐inf values were approximately 90% higher in subjects with severe hepatic impairment. A lower voxelotor dose (1000 mg) is recommended for patients with severe hepatic impairment. Voxelotor was well tolerated in all treatment groups.
Heterocyclic steroids: Synthetic routes and biological characteristics of steroidal fused bicyclic pyrimidines
Authors: Elattar Khaled M. , El‐Mekabaty Ahmed 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNatural steroids are characterized as a vital class of compounds, a type of secondary metabolites and components of cell membranes that widely accessible in plants or animals displayed significant pharmacological and varied biological properties. The present study aims to highlight the conveyed researches of synthetic routes adopted to obtain the various structures of steroidal fused bicyclic pyrimidines with substantial biological and pharmaceutical importance. The topic was discussed in light of the synthesis of fused [6 + 5] bicyclic systems, fused [6 + 6] bicyclic systems, binary heterocycles, and biological applications. In detail, the various synthetic strategies for the construction of steroids fused to bicyclic pyrazolopyrimidines, thiazolopyrimidines, triazolopyrimidines, pyridopyrimidines, pyranopyrimidines, and binary pyrimidines were discussed. Heterocyclic steroids of this class of compounds demonstrated potent anticancer, anti‐proliferative, anti‐neuro‐inflammatory, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐ulcer activities. It was perceived that the synthetic steroids of such bicyclic pyrimidine scaffolds are fused into the steroid basic skeleton is essential for the potent bioactivities.
A Meta‐Analysis of the Relationship between Mathematics Achievement and Creativity
Authors: Bicer Ali , Chamberlin Scott , Perihan Celal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the current investigation, research studies (n = 30) conducted from 1965 to 2018 were synthesized to examine the mathematics achievement–creativity relationship and the range of factors that could have moderated this relationship. The meta‐analysis included sample size of 11,418 and revealed that there was an overall moderate and statistically significant (r = 0.47, p < .05) positive correlation between mathematics achievement and creativity. The investigation further revealed that the relationship was constant across sample location but stronger when the relationship was examined with mathematical creativity (r = 0.53, p < .05) than with general creativity. Findings from studies conducted after 2000 indicated a stronger relationship between general creativity and mathematics achievement than did findings from studies conducted before 2000. The relationship was the strongest when creativity was measured through the Mathematical Creativity Test (MCT) compared to other measures of general or mathematical creativity. Lastly, the relationship was stronger for elementary and middle school students than for high school students. Possible explanations for these findings in relation to existing theories and the implications for future research are provided.
The use of iron chemical analysis of podzols to date the Late Pleistocene–Holocene deglaciation history of the Central Italian Alps
Authors: Longhi Alessandro , Monticelli Damiano , Guglielmin Mauro 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTPodzols that have developed on glacial and periglacial features provide the opportunity to reconstruct glacial evolution after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) using different soil indices. Analysing 17 soils classified as podzol, we used the crystallinity ratio of free iron oxides (CRF) on both the A and Bs horizons, and absolute ages for the same landforms containing the soil profile, to create dating curves. Two equations were generated: age = 4566.9 × ln (CRF) + 1760 (1), and age = 3907 × ln (CRF) + 3508.2 (2). The reliability of the curves was evaluated with the Feo/Fed ratio, and with the difference of ages calculated using both equations. Equation (2) is considered more reliable because the A horizon may be influenced by new pedogenesis on the pre‐existing podzol, leading to the development of a new type of soil. By dating the soils, we reconstructed the glacial history of the three main upper branches of the LGM Adda Glacier in the Central Italian Alps, specifically the Stelvio Pass area (ST), Gavia Pass area (GV), and the Val Viola valley (VV). Seven glacial advances were identified at 16.7–14.7 ka (phase I), 12.3 ka (phase II), 11 ka (phase III), 10–9.7 ka (phase IV), 9 ka (phase V), 7.5 ka (phase VI) and 5.3 ka (phase VII). The first five phases are chronologically similar to the main Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene phases recorded in the Central European Alps. The last two Holocene phases, which are both longer in duration than the Little Ice Age, are recorded in ST and GV. Interestingly, these phases generally are not recorded in the rest of the Central European Alps, where the late Holocene glaciers were smaller than their present size.
Microscopic portal vein invasion is a powerful predictor of prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have undergone liver resection
Authors: Kuo Fang‐Ying , Liu Yueh‐Wei , Lin Chih‐Che , Yong Chee‐Chien , Wang Chih‐Chi , Chen Chao‐Long , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Wang Jing‐Houng , Yen Yi‐Hao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesA recent study proposed simple classifications of microscopic vascular invasion (MVI): microscopic portal vein invasion (MPVI) and microvessel invasion (MI). We aim to validate these classifications of MVI.MethodsThis retrospective study consecutively enrolled 514 Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0, A, and B naïve hepatocellular carcinoma patients who underwent liver resection in our institution from 2011 to 2017.ResultsAmong these 514 patients, 240 patients were classified as having no MVI at all (designated as no vascular invasion, NVI), 157 patients were classified as having MI only, and 117 patients were classified as having MPVI. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate in the MI‐only group was 83.3%, which was not significantly different from that of the NVI group (87.2%), p = .20. Using NVI as a reference, multivariate analysis showed that MI‐only is not an independent variable associated with OS. The 5‐year OS in the MPVI group was 59.2%, which was significantly lower than those for MI‐only (p < .001) and NVI groups (p < .001). Using NVI as a reference, multivariate analysis showed that MPVI is an independent variable associated with OS (HR, 3.12; 95% CI, 1.80–5.40; p < .001).ConclusionsThe results of this study validate the simple MVI classifications to be clinically useful.
Sex‐based differences in time to surgical care among pancreatic cancer patients: A national study of Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Azap Rosevine A. , Hyer James M. , Diaz Adrian , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Mirdad Rayyan S. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to characterize time from cancer symptoms to diagnosis and time from diagnosis to surgical treatment among patients undergoing pancreatectomy for cancer.MethodsMedicare beneficiaries who underwent pancreatectomy for cancer between 2013 and 2017 were identified using the 100% Medicare Inpatient Standard Analytic Files. Mixed effects negative binomial regression models were utilized to determine which factors were associated with the number of weeks to diagnosis and pancreatic resection.ResultsAmong 7647 Medicare beneficiaries, two‐thirds (n = 5127, 67%) had symptoms associated with a pancreatic cancer diagnosis before surgery. Median time from the first symptom to diagnosis was 6 weeks (IQR: 1–25) and the median time from diagnosis to surgery was 4 weeks (IQR: 2–15). In risk‐adjusted models, female patients had 13% longer waiting times from identification of a related symptom to pancreatic cancer diagnosis (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05–1.21) and 12% longer waiting times from diagnosis to surgery (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07–1.18). Older age was associated with 10% longer waiting times from symptom identification to diagnosis (p < .0001).ConclusionsFemale and older patients had longer wait times between symptom presentation and pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Sex‐based disparities in cancer care need to be recognized and addressed by policymakers and health care institutions.
Patient factors associated with NPO violations in a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice
Authors: Billings Kathleen R. , Schneider Alexander L. , Safri Shabbir , Kauffunger Lorena , Valika Taher 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine demographic and patient variables associated with nothing by mouth (NPO) violations prior to surgery in a tertiary care pediatric hospital.MethodsA retrospective study of patients <18 years of age undergoing elective surgery at a tertiary care children's hospital from 1/1/16 to 4/30/19 who violated their NPO guidelines was performed. Variables associated with a higher rate of NPO violations were analyzed among the different surgical sub‐specialties. Additional analyses were performed comparing those with NPO violations to the total group of patients undergoing surgery in the study period.ResultsOf the 42 495 children who underwent elective surgical procedures in the study period, 625 (1.5%) committed NPO violations. The median age for those committing a violation was 3 years, and the majority (n = 421, 67.4%) were between 0 and 6 years of age. Otolaryngology patients committing NPO violations had a longer time between scheduling surgery and operative date than other surgical services (P < .0001), but a similar time as the urology service. Otolaryngology patients had the highest number of NPO violations (n = 245, 39.2%) compared to the other surgical services, despite doing 32.4% of the total surgical cases (P < .001). Children from Spanish‐speaking homes accounted for 137 (21.9%) NPO violations, despite accounting for only 11.2% of total surgeries performed. Patients with Medicaid insurance (n = 438, 63.0%) had a higher rate of NPO violations, despite making up 43.6% of total patients.ConclusionsNPO violations occurred in 1.5% of patients during the study period, particularly among the youngest age range of the children analyzed, and they were most prevalent in the otolaryngology patients. Spanish speaking families, and those with Medicaid insurance had higher rates of NPO violations despite making up a smaller percentage of those being operated on overall. This highlighted the need for improvement in communication of fasting guidelines to caregivers.Level of Evidence3
Hyoid expansion with titanium plate and screws with hyomandibular suspension: A study on human cadavers with computed tomographic comparative analysis
Authors: Ng Adele Chin Wei , Salkade Parag Ratnakar , Rangabashyam Mahalakshmi , Loh Shaun Ray Han , Toh Song Tar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective(s)Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. These repeated oxygen desaturations increase cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality significantly. Upper airway surgery is an option for patients who fail continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Airway collapse is usually multilevel and hypopharyngeal collapse is a challenging area to address. It is hypothesized that hyoid expansion with hyomandibular suspension can potentially increase upper airway dimensions at the hypopharynx. This study aims to document the effect of hyoid expansion using titanium plate and screws with hyomandibular suspension on hypopharyngeal airway dimensions. It is an anatomical feasibility study performed using 10 human cadaver heads.MethodsThe hyoid bone is trifractured. The expanded hyoid is then suspended to the mandible. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on the cadavers to measure the airway dimensions before and after the procedure.ResultsThis procedure resulted in statistically significant increase in airway dimensions at the level of the hypopharynx in all 10 human cadaver heads. Increase in cross‐sectional area correlated significantly with increase in 3‐dimentional (3D) volume.The mean area of the airway at the level of the hyoid increased from 999.3 ± 193.0 mm2 to 1241.4 ± 103.2 mm2. Statistically significant increase in upper airway volume based on 3D reconstruction was also noted. Upper airway volume increased from 6.94 ± 6.46 mL to 13.58 ± 8.29 mL.ConclusionAirway dimensions increased with hyoid expansion and hyomandibular suspension in our cadaveric study measured using CT scans. Further studies are needed to see if this technique can be translated to clinical use in live patients.Level of evidenceNA.