bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative impacts of climate change and land cover change on streamflow using SWAT in the Clackamas River Watershed, USA
Authors: Chen Junjie , Chang Heejun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To understand the spatial–temporal pattern of climate and land cover (CLC) change effects on hydrology, we used three land cover change (LCC) coupled scenarios to estimate the changes in streamflow metrics in the Clackamas River Watershed in Oregon for the 2050s (2040–2069) and the 2080s (2070–2099). Coupled scenarios, which were split into individual and combined simulations such as climate change (CC), LCC, CLC change, and daily streamflow were simulated in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. The interannual variability of streamflow was higher in the lower urbanized area than the upper forested region. The watershed runoff was projected to be more sensitive to CC than LCC. Under the CLC scenario, the top 10% peak flow and the 7-day low flow are expected to increase (2–19%) and decrease (+9 to −20 cm s), respectively, in both future periods. The center timing of runoff in the year is projected to shift 2–3 weeks earlier in response to warming temperature and more winter precipitation falling as rain. High streamflow variability in our findings suggests that uncertainties can stem from both climate models and hydrologic model parameters, calling for more adaptive water resource management in the watershed.
Simulating rainfall runoff and assessing low impact development (LID) facilities in sponge airport
Authors: Peng Jing , Zhong Xiang , Yu Lei , Wang Qianqian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The appearance of extreme weather causes frequent airport flooding, which has a serious impact on the normal operation of an airport. In this study, three simulation scenarios are set in order to study the effect of low impact development (LID) facilities (green roof and vegetative swale) on the water depth of overflow junctions and total inflow to the study area outlet in an airport at different rainfall return periods (2 a, 5 a, 20 a and 50 a). Vegetative swale has better reduction effect on water depth of overflow junctions than has green roof. The reduction rate of vegetative swale is about 25–52% at different rainfall return periods, but the effect of green roof is not obvious. For the double peak rainstorm, the reduction effect on the water depth of overflow junctions after setting vegetative swale for the first rain peak is better than that for the second rain peak. Under the condition of 2 a, 5 a, and 20 a, the total inflow reduction rates of study area outlet after applied green roof and vegetative swale are 16.85%, 20% and 22.17% respectively, and the effect is poor (only 2.26%) at low-frequency return period (50 a). This study can provide theoretical guidance for the design of LID facilities of a sponge airport.
Development of Emulgel Delivery of Mupirocin for Treatment of Skin Infection
Authors: Jagdale Swati C. , Kothekar Payal V. 
Published: August 2020

Aim::
To design controlled release topical delivery of mupirocin for the treatment
of skin infection.

Background::
Mupirocin is an antibacterial drug. Mupirocin works to kill the bacteria,
which include strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. It is also used
for the treatment of inflammation of a hair follicle. The half-life of mupirocin is only 20-40
min. It has very slight solubility in water. Patent literature had shown work on ointment, antibiotic
composition, nasal and topical composition. Emulgel is a duel control release system
for the topical delivery of hydrophobic drugs.

Objective::
The objective was to formulate emulgel with controlled delivery of mupirocin
using Sepineo P 600.

Methods::
Soya oil, tween 80 and polyethylene glycol 400 (Oil:Surfactant:Cosurfactant)
were used for emulsion formulation. Emulgel was optimized by 32 factorial design. Sepineo
P 600 and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M were used as independent variables. Drug
excipient compatibility analysis was carried out by FTIR, UV and DSC spectra. Emulgel
was evaluated for its physical characterization, in vitro release, ex vivo release, antimicrobial
and anti-inflammatory study.

Results::
DSC, UV and FTIR analysis confirmed drug excipient compatibility. FE SEM
showed a size range between 228-255 nm. Zeta potential was found to be -25.1 mV, which
showed good stability of the emulsion. Design expert software showed F2 as an optimized
batch. Release studies indicated that the controlled release of drugs forms Sepineo P 600 gel
due to its higher gelling capacity. Batch F2 showed comparable results with marketed formulation
against Staphylococcus aureus. For batch F2, 40 μg/ml was the minimal inhibitory
concentration.

Conclusion::
Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory study proved successful development of
stably controlled release mupirocin emulgel.
A Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal the Underlying Mechanisms of Zuogui Yin in the Treatment of Male Infertility
Authors: Zhao Qi , Dai Hengheng , Wang Jisheng , Yan Fei , Jang Guejin , Ma Jianxiong , Wang Bin , Li Haisong 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aim:
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as a complementary and
alternative therapy, has played increasingly important roles in clinical treatment and disease prevention.
Zuogui Yin (ZGY) is one of the well-known TCM prescriptions used for the treatment of
male infertility. To fully reveal the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of
ZGY on male infertility, a network pharmacology approach was conducted at the molecular level.

Methods:
Network pharmacology approach was used in this study, which mainly included active
compound screening, target prediction, gene enrichment analysis, and network analysis.

Results:
The network analysis successfully identified 148 potential active ingredients of ZGY and
155 predicted targets that were associated with male infertility. ZGY might play a role in the treatment
of male infertility by regulating ten hub targets (VEGFA, CASP3, TNF, AKT1, EGF, EGFR,
IL-6, MAPK1, TP53, and PTGS2) and six pathways (TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling
pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway,
and MAPK signaling pathway).

Conclusion:
: This study explored the pharmacological activity and molecular mechanisms of ZGY
against male infertility from a holistic perspective. The underlying molecular mechanisms were
closely related to the intervention of oxidative stress and apoptosis with CASP3, TP53, AKT1, and
MAPK1 being possible targets.
The Antiviral and Antimalarial Drug Repurposing in Quest of Chemotherapeutics to Combat COVID-19 Utilizing Structure-Based Molecular Docking
Authors: Nandi Sisir , Kumar Mohit , Saxena Mridula , Saxena Anil Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a new strain
(SARS-CoV-2) that erupted in 2019. Nowadays, it is a great threat that claims uncountable lives
worldwide. There is no specific chemotherapeutics developed yet to combat COVID-19. Therefore,
scientists have been devoted to the quest of the medicine that can cure COVID-19.

Objective:
Existing antivirals, such as ASC09/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir with or without umifenovir
in combination with antimalarial chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, have been repurposed to
fight the current coronavirus epidemic. Exact biochemical mechanisms of these drugs towards
COVID-19 have not been discovered to date.

Method:
In-silico molecular docking can predict the mode of binding to sort out the existing chemotherapeutics
having a potential affinity towards inhibition of the COVID-19 target. An attempt
has been made in the present work to carry out docking analyses of 34 drugs, including antivirals
and antimalarials, to explain explicitly the mode of interactions of these ligands towards the
COVID-19protease target.

Results:
13 compounds having good binding affinity have been predicted towards protease binding
inhibition of COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Our in silico docking results have been confirmed by current reports from clinical settings
through the citation of suitable experimental in vitro data available in the published literature.
Milk Oligosaccharides and Lectins as Candidates for Clinical Trials against Covid-19
Authors: Errasfa Mourad 
Published: August 2020

Background:Covid-19 pandemic is causing a very high death toll around the world and a severe fall in the global economy. Many clinical trials are currently underway to check the effectiveness of some known drugs. The physiopathology associated with the virus infection is currently better understood and good prophylactic drug therapies are implemented, such as antibiotics and blood thinners, though, no specific drugs against SARS-Cov-2 were developed yet.Objective:In the present research work, it is aimed to carry out a bibliographic investigation on some active molecular species that could be used against Covid-19, based on their chemical properties to bind to glycoproteins. In the case of SARS-Cov-2, the targeted glycoprotein is the surface virus spike S glycoprotein, that the virus uses to attach to and invade human cells. It is of high pharmacological value to investigate possible active natural substances endowed with a property to bind glycoproteins. In this line of research, oligosaccharides and lectins are two molecular species that have glycoprotein binding properties.Methods:A bibliographic research was carried out on oligosaccharides and lectins in various sources of scientific publications. Relevant chemical and pharmacological properties of oligosaccharides and lectins were searched and their main natural sources were identified.Results:In the present paper, I summarize some scientific evidence to support the therapeutic potential of camel milk as a source of oligosaccharides and its possible use as a functional diet in parallel to drug therapies of Covid-19. On the other hand, sugar and glycoprotein binding properties of some lectins of plant and seaweed origin are reported, and their pharmaceutical use is underlined.Conclusion:In the present study, scientific evidence was documented that encouraged further clinical investigations on camel milk oligosaccharides and lectins of plant and seaweed origin in the management of Covid-19 physiopathology.
Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Applications of Cucurbita
Authors: Malviya Rishabha , Sharma Akanksha 
Published: August 2020

Aim:
The present review aims to discuss the therapeutic potential and pharmaceutical applications
of the Cucurbita plant.

Methods:
Various search engines such as ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents,
etc. were used for the literature survey.

Discussion:
During the literature survey, it was observed that different parts of the Cucurbita species
have significant therapeutic effects against disease conditions. They have antimicrobial, antifungal,
antiviral, antiulcer, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, etc., activities. Studies also
showed that various pharmaceutical formulations have been prepared for the delivery of therapeutic
active ingredients of cucurbits. A list of patents based on pharmaceutical formulations and therapeutic
activity has also been included in the manuscript.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded from the findings that Cucurbita has significant therapeutic potential,
clinical effects and can be used to treat various diseases.
Experimental Behavior of Concrete Columns Confined by Transverse Reinforcement with Different Details
Authors: Guadagnuolo Mariateresa , Donadio Alfonso , Tafuro Anna , Faella Giuseppe 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:Most of the existing reinforced concrete buildings often have columns with poor transverse reinforcement details. Models for computing the confined concrete strength were developed using experimental tests performed on specimens with transverse reinforcement typical of seismic design. The paper presents the results of an experimental program performed to investigate the effect of type, amount and pitch of transverse reinforcement on the behavior of confined concrete.Aim:The paper is also aimed at evaluating whether the current code models are suitable for estimating the confined strength of concrete in existing buildings.Methods:A total of 45 reinforced concrete columns with four volume ratios of transverse reinforcement were tested under axial loads. Type and pitch of transverse reinforcement typical of existing r/c buildings not designed according to seismic standards were considered. Therefore, columns reinforced by spiral and hoops with 135° or 90° hooks at the end are investigated for comparing their behavior. The confinement of spirals and hoops to core concrete is discussed as the amount of transverse and longitudinal reinforcement varies. Small increases in strength due to the concrete confinement were measured for hoop pitch of 150 mm (ranging between 2% and 7%), but also for hoops with 90° hook and pitch of 75 mm. Greater increments were obtained by spirals and hoops with 135° hook in the case of 75 mm pitch and when rhomboidal hoops or cross-ties were arranged in addition to the perimeter hoops. A comparison with some similar experimental results is also performed, achieving quite similar results. The mean experimental stress-strain curves are also analyzed.Results:The results show how the increase in concrete strength due to the confinement is more dependent on the transverse reinforcement pitch than the type and detail of transverse reinforcement or even less diameter of longitudinal bars. Finally, the experimental strength of confined concrete is then compared with the values provided by Eurocode 8 and the new Italian Building Code, showing that the higher the volumetric percentage of transverse reinforcement, the greater the overestimation of code models.Conclusion:An overestimation of codes up to 30% is assessed, systematically lower in the case of spirals, and higher in the case of hoops with 90° hooks at the end. The results highlight the need to develop specific equations to determine the strength increase due to the concrete confinement in the case of existing buildings with poor transverse reinforcement.
Recent Patents on How to Form or Manufacture Large Diameter Plastic Pipe
Authors: Cheng Chun , Zou Wei , Wang Wei-Ping , Wang Guang-Hong 
Published: August 2020

Background:
In recent times, large diameter plastic pipes have been widely used in many
functions because of their unique advantages. These applications include water supply, drainage, heating
network, industrial transportation, gas delivery, agricultural irrigation, etc. Therefore, manufacturing
large diameter plastic pipes economically and efficiently has now become an important research
area.

Objective:
This paper reviews patents of plastic pipe manufacturing or forming to provide insights and
references to researchers in the domain of larger diameter plastic pipe production.

Methods:
This paper reviews the Spouted-accumulated Forming, a production method that combines
the advantages of traditional extrusion, calendaring, and additive manufacturing. It is a novel process
to manufacture large diameter plastic pipes.

Results:
The experiment result shows that Spouted-accumulated Forming can be used to manufacture
large diameter plastic pipes efficiently with lower costs. This paper argues that this novel method will
serve as a promising technology to manufacture larger diameter pipes in the future.

Conclusion:
Since traditional manufacturing processes cannot fulfil the requirement of large diameter
of plastic pipes, it is necessary to develop novel processes such as Spouted-Accumulated Forming
(SAF, based on additive manufacturing).
FOLKTALES AND RITES OF PASSAGE IN RANDA JARRAR'S A MAP OF HOME
Authors: Djohar Hasnul Insani 
Published: August 2020

This paper examines the struggle of American-Muslim women to negotiate their identities in literary works published after the invasion of Iraq (20 March-1 May 2003). In this case, I examine Randa Jarrar’s A Map of Home (2008) in order to investigate how Jarrar both negotiates her identity through folktales, naming, and rites of passages. By engaging with postcolonial studies, and working within the frameworks of cultural studies, this paper aims to investigate aesthetic strategies that Jarrar (Egyptian-Palestinian-American) deploys in her writing. Jarrar also respects her Muslim intellectual forebears, such as Muhammad al-Ghazali (Iran), Muhyiddin al-Arabi (Spain), and Jalaluddin Rumi (Turkey), by emulating their tendency to combine in their writings allusions to the Qur’an, ancient storytelling traditions, and contemporary social issues in order to engage with their readers. In doing so, Jarrar uses folktales, naming, and rites of passages to question American belonging and eurocentrism in her fiction. These techniques enable Jarrar to reveal her multiple and complex identities and work to represent both her pride in being Muslims and her desire to claim her rights as American citizens of Muslim descent. Keywords: Randa Jarrar, A Map of Home, folktales, Rites of Passages, US-Muslim women’s literature Artikel ini membahas perjuangan perempuan Amerika-Muslim untuk menegosiasikan identitas mereka dalam karya sastra yang diterbitkan setelah invasi ke Irak (20 Maret-1 Mei 2003). Dalam hal ini, saya meneliti Randa Jarrar's A Map of Home (2008) untuk menyelidiki bagaimana Jarrar menegosiasikan identitasnya dan menentang orientalisme di sepanjang novelnya. Dengan menggunakan studi postkolonial dan studi budaya, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki strategi estetika yang Jarrar (Mesir-Palestina-Amerika) gunakan dalam tulisannya. Jarrar juga menghormati leluhur intelektual Muslimnya, seperti Muhammad al-Ghazali (Iran), Muhyiddin al-Arabi (Spanyol), dan Jalaluddin Rumi (Turki), dengan meniru kecenderungan mereka untuk menggabungkan dalam tulisan-tulisan mereka kiasan Alquran, kuno tradisi mendongeng, dan masalah sosial kontemporer untuk menarik pembaca mereka. Dalam hal ini, Jarrar juga menggunakan dongeng, penamaan, dan ritus-ritus untuk mempertanyakan kepemilikan Amerika dan Eurosentrisme dalam fiksinya. Teknik-teknik ini memungkinkan Jarrar untuk mengungkapkan identitasnya yang beragam dan kompleks yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan kebanggaannya sebagai Muslim dan keinginannya untuk mengklaim hak-haknya sebagai warga negara Amerika keturunan Muslim. Kata kunci: Randa Jarrar, A Map of Home, cerita rakyat, ritus peralihan, sastra Muslimah-Amerika
Pengaruh Audit Lag, Profitabilitas Dan Likuiditas Terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Sari Putri Cartika 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The use of financial statements requires information as a basis for making decisions. Going Concern Audit Opinions are defined as opinions issued by auditors based on the audits they have carried out, in which there are substantial doubts about the company's ability to maintain its survival and to continue its business as a business entity. This study aims to determine and analyze the Effect of Audit Lag, Profitability and Liquidity on Going Concern Audit Opinions on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2018 Period. The research method is logistic regression analysis. The independent variables in this study are Audit Lag, Return On Assets, Net Profit Margin, Current Ratio and Quick Ratio. While the Dependent Variable is the Going Concern Audit Opinion. The data used are secondary data with a population of manufacturing companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Where a number of samples in this study were 11 companies with 5 years of observation using purposive sampling. From the results of the study it can be concluded that Audit Lag and Quick Ratio has a negative effect on going concern audit opinion. while Return on Assets, Net Profit Margin, Current ratio has no effect on going concern audit opinion.

Keywords: Audit Lag; ROA; NPM; CR and QR; Opini Audit Going Concern

Abstrak
Penggunaan Laporan Keuangan membutuhkan informasi sebagai dasar mereka mengambil keputusan. Opini Audit Going Concern didefinisikan sebagai opini dikeluarkan oleh auditor berdasarkan audit yang telah mereka lakukan, didalamnya menyatakan bahwa terdapat keraguan terhadap kemampuan perusahaan dalam mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya dan untuk melanjutkan usahanya sebagai entitas bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis Pengaruh Audit Lag, Profitabilitas dan Likuiditas Terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2014-2018. Metode penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah analisis regresi logistic (logistic regression). Variabel Independen pada penelitian ini adalah Audit Lag, Return On Asset, Net Profit Margin, Current Ratio dan Quick Ratio. Sedangkan Variabel Dependennya adalah Opini Audit Going Concern. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan populasi perusahaan manufaktur yang telah terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2014-2018. Dimana sejumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 11 perusahaan dengan 5 tahun pengamatan dengan menggunakan pusposive sampling. Dari Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulakan bahwa Audit Lag dan Quick Ratio berpengaruh negatif terhadap opini audit going concern. sedangkan Return on Asset, Net Profit Margin, Current ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap opini audit going concern.

Kata Kunci: Audit Lag; ROA; NPM; CR dan QR; Opini Audit Going Concern
PENGARUH SISTEM PENGENDALIANN INTERNAL, ASIMETRI INFORMASI, KESESUAIAN KOMPENSASI DAN KETAATAN ATURAN AKUNTANSI TERHADAP KECENDERUNGAN KECURANGAN AKUNTANSI (FRAUD) PADA ORGANISASI PERANGKAT DAERAH (OPD) KOTA DENPASAR
Authors: Anggreni Ekawati Dewa Ayu , Putra Manuaba I.B Made , Ratna Wahyu Lestari Ni Luh Putu 
Published: August 2020

Kecurangan akuntansi (fraud) merupakan suatu yang menyangkut tindakan yang secara illegal bercirikan penipuan yang disengaja identik dengan korupsi, penyalah gunaan asset serta pertanyaan palsu. Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Internal, Asimetri Informasi, Kesesuaian Kompensasi dan Ketaatan Aturan Akuntansi Terhadap Kecenderungan Kecurangan Akuntansi (Fraud) Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) Kota Denpasar”, yang bertujuan untuk memaparkan hasil pengujian pengaruh masing-masing variabel yaitu sistem pengendalian internal, asimetri informasi, kesesuaian kompensasi dan ketaatan aturan akuntansi terhadap kecenderungan kecurangan akuntansi (fraud) pada OPD Kota Denpasar dengan menggunakan purposive sampling sebagai teknik pengumpulan sampel. Besar populasi yang digunakan merupakan seluruh pegawai dari 21 kantor pemerintahan di Kota Denpasar berjumlah 1.568 orang dengan sampel responden sebanyak 84 responden. Adapun teknik analisis yang dipakai yaitu metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan bentuk persamaan regresi yang diperoleh Y= -0,309 X1+0,261 X2-0,354 X3-0,271 X4 yang berarti seluruh koefisien regresi berpengaruh terhadap variabel depanden (Y). Maka dari itu, hasil dari penelitiian ini memaparkan bahwasanya variabel sistem pengendalian internal, kesesuaiian kompensasi dan ketaatan aturan akuntansi berpengaruh negatif, sedangkan variabel asimetri informasi berpengaruh positif terhadap fraud pada OPD Kota Denpasar.
Kata kunci: Pengendalian, Asimetri, Kompensasi, Aturan, Fraud