bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis by MethylRad and the transcriptome profiles reveal the potential cancer‐related lncRNAs in colon cancer
Authors: Zheng Guixi , Zhang Yuzhi , Wang Hongchun , Ding E , Qu Ailin , Su Peng , Yang Yongmei , Zou Mingjin , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractColon cancer (CC) is characterized by global aberrant DNA methylation that may affect gene expression and genomic stability. A series of studies have demonstrated that DNA methylation could regulate the expressions of not only protein‐coding genes but also ncRNAs. However, the regulatory role of lncRNA genes methylaton in CC remains largely unknown. In the present study, we systemically characterize the profile of DNA methylation, especially the aberrant methylation of lncRNAs genes using MethylRAD technology. A total of 132 999 CCGG/8487 CCWGG sites were identified as differentially methylated sites (DMSs), which were mainly located on the introns and intergenic elements. Moreover, 1,359 CCGG/1,052 CCWGG differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were screened. Our results demonstrated that aberrant methylation of lncRNA genes occurred most frequently, accounting for 37.5% and 44.3% in CCGG and CCWGG DMGs respectively. In addition, 963 lncRNA DMGs were co‐analyzed with 1328 differentially expressed lncRNAs which were identified from TCGA database. We found that 15 lncRNAs might be CC‐related lncRNAs. ZNF667‐AS1 and MAFA‐AS1 were down‐regulated in CC, which might be silenced by hypermethylation. Besides, 13 lncRNAs were hypomethylated and up‐regulated in CC. Moreover, our results validated the expression and methylation level of CC‐related lncRNAs by RT‐qPCR and pyrosequencing assay. In conclusion, we performed a genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis by MethylRAD to acquire both CCGG and CCWGG DMSs and DMGs in CC. The results screened lncRNA DMSs as potential biomarkers and identified 15 lncRNAs as CC‐related lncRNAs. This study provided novel therapy targets and valuable insights into molecular mechanism in tumorigenesis and development of CC.
Accuracy of transvaginal sonoelastography for differential diagnosis between malignant and benign cervical lesions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Yi , Leng Xue‐Feng , Zhang Guo‐Nan , Huang Zi‐Yi , Qiu Li , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the performance of transvaginal sonoelastography (TVSE) for differential diagnosis between malignant and benign cervical lesions using a meta‐analysis.MethodsAn independent literature search was conducted on the English medical database, including PubMed, Embase and Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and OVID. The diagnostic accuracy of TVSE was compared with that of histopathology, which is the gold reference standard for diagnosis. The accuracy of TVSE was assessed by calculating the pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the curve (AUC). The imaging mechanisms, assessment methods, and QUADAS scores were assessed with a meta‐regression analysis. A Deeks funnel plot was performed for evaluating publication bias.ResultsSix eligible studies reported a total sample of 615 cervical lesions (415 cancers, 200 benign lesions). TVSE showed a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 21.42 (95% CI 13.65‐33.61), sensitivity of 0.87 (95% CI 0.84‐0.90), specificity of 0.79 (95% CI 0.72‐0.84), and an AUC of 0.892 (Q* = 0.822). The results of the meta‐regression analysis showed that the imaging mechanism (P = .253), the assessment method (P = .279), or QUADAS score (P = .205) did not affect the study heterogeneity.ConclusionTVSE has a relatively high and satisfactory value for differential diagnosis between malignant and benign cervical lesions. The diagnostic performance of strain elastography and shear wave elastography were similar and good. However, to accommodate heterogeneity and publication bias, high‐quality studies are required to further comparative effectiveness analyses to verify the efficacy of ultrasound detection.
Monochorionic twins discordant for trisomy 13: A case report, systematic literature search and synthesis of available evidence
Authors: Cornish Emily F. , Wimalasundera Ruwan , Attilakos George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article presents the tenth reported case of monochorionic twins discordant for trisomy 13. Discordant aneuploidies in monochorionic twins are rare. Aetiologies include mitotic error in early cell division and “rescue” chromosome loss in an initially trisomic zygote. Clinicians should offer early amniocentesis of both sacs and consider selective termination.
Multifunctional WO3/NiCo2O4 heterojunction with extensively exposed bimetallic Ni/Co redox reaction sites for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Hao Zhichao , Guo Zhengang , Ruan Mengnan , Ya Jing , Yang Yong , Wu Xiangfeng , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe enhanced separation and injection efficiencies of photogenerated carriers is essential to improve the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of WO3 photoanode. In this work, we firstly synthesized WO3/NiCo2O4 heterojunction through simple hydrothermal‐annealing method as well as investigate the effect and mechanism of NiCo2O4 on WO3 for PEC performances. The measurements demonstrate that the nano‐needle NiCo2O4 grown on the surface of WO3 induces the bimetallic Ni/Co redox reaction sites extensively exposed to the electrolyte, which is beneficial to enhance the PEC performances of WO3 photoanode, such as photocurrent density improved by four times (0.84 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE) as well as more negative initial potential (∼280 mV) in contrast to bare WO3. Further investigation shows the remarkable enhancement of PEC performances is attributed to improved surface reaction kinetics, the enhanced injection efficiency and separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers due to the co‐catalyst effect of NiCo2O4 and the formation of WO3/NiCo2O4 heterojunction. This work provides reference for application of heterojunction with co‐catalyst function, which is beneficial to the development and application of similar structures.
Ant colony optimization for variable selection in discriminant linear analysis
Authors: Pontes Aline S. , Araújo Alisson , Marinho Weverton , Gonçalves Dias Diniz Paulo H. , de Araújo Gomes Adriano , Goicoechea Hector C. , Silva Edvan C. , Araújo Mario C.U. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new algorithm using ant colony optimization (ACO) for selection of variables in linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is presented. The role of ACO is explored in the context of LDA classification in which spectral variable multicollinearity is a known cause of generalization problems. The proposed ACO‐LDA presents a metaheuristic that mimics the ant's cooperative behavior, randomly depositing pheromones at vector elements corresponding to the most relevant variables. Such cooperative ant‐like behavior, which is absent in the genetic algorithm, increases the probability of discarding noninformative variables, favoring construction of more parsimonious models than genetic algorithm–linear discriminate analysis (GA‐LDA). The classification performance of ACO‐LDA is assessed in two case studies: (i) classification of edible vegetable oils (with respect to base oil) via ultraviolet–visible (UV‐Vis) spectrometry and (ii) simultaneous classification of tea samples with respect to type and geographic origin via near‐infrared (NIR) spectrometry. In the first study, ACO‐LDA was tested in a data set involving wide absorption bands in the UV region with low‐resolution and strong spectral overlapping. In the second study, its capacity to manage a data matrix with high dimensionality was evaluated. In both studies, ACO‐LDA selected a small subset of variables, which led to correct classifications for almost all of the samples, achieving a performance level similar to the well‐established partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and considerably better than GA‐LDA. The use of ACO to select LDA classification variables can minimize generalization problems commonly associated with multicollinearity.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Fluoroalkylation of Tryptophan Residues in Peptides
Authors: Rahimidashaghoul Kheironnesae , Klimánková Iveta , Hubálek Martin , Matoušek Václav , Filgas Josef , Slavíček Petr , Slanina Tomáš , Beier Petr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrifluoromethylated and fluoroalkylated cyclic λ3‐iodanes and their acyclic salts were used for visible light‐driven fluoroalkylation of tryptophan and tryptophan‐containing peptides in aqueous media. In comparison to previously reported fluoroalkylation using similar reagents and sodium ascorbate as reductant, the photochemical process did not require any additive or catalyst and was more selective for Trp versus other aromatic amino acids due to the gradual production of fluoroalkyl radicals over the whole irradiation period. However, in the presence of Cys residues, both methods were not selective and cysteine sulfhydryl groups were fluoroalkylated in side reactions. Spectroscopic and photochemical investigations as well as quantum chemical calculations provided insight into the reaction mechanism. The process was found to be photoinduced involving the formation of fluoroalkyl radical from the excited state of λ3‐iodane.
PLASTOCHRON1 regulates leaf inclination through Brassinolide pathway in Oryza sativa
Authors: Xiong Yuzhen , Xie Jia , Zhang Xiaobo , Li Yangyang , Tian Weijiang , Ni Jile , Zhu Zhu , Wang Ying , Wen Xiaozhu , Sang Xianchun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLeaf inclination directly affects the lamina angle of rice (Oryza sativa), which in turn affects the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves and grain yield. A mutant s544 characterized by enhanced leaf inclination as well as small aerial organs was identified from the progeny of ethyl‐methanesulfonate treated seeds of Indica rice ‘Xida 1B’. Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant traits were controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Using a F2 population derived from ‘Jinhui 10’ and the mutant, the mutated gene was mapped on chromosome 10 between markers RM25367 and XJ‐1, with a physical distance of 246 kb, which included PLASTOCHRON1(PLA1). Sequencing revealed a C to A substitution at position 1489 of the coding region of PLA1, which caused conversion of the encoded amino acid from proline to threonine. The s544 mutant showed increased sensitivity to exogenous brassinolide (24‐eBL) compared with the wild type. QPCR revealed that the genes of s544 positively regulated brassinolide signal transduction, especially for BU1 and ILI1 with up‐regulated expression over seventy times, and that MDP1, a negative‐regulated gene, decreased significantly in the half of the wild type. Meanwhile, D4 and D11 involved into BR‐synthesis were up‐regulated in s544. These results suggested that PLA1 may regulate BR signaling and biosynthetic pathways in rice organ development.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Review
Authors: Díaz de Greñu Borja , Torres Juan , García‐González Javier , Muñoz‐Pina Sara , de los Reyes Ruth , Costero Ana M. , Amorós Pedro , Ros‐Lis Jose V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are relatively recent materials. They have received great attention due to their interesting properties. However, the application of microwaves in their synthesis, despite its advantages such as faster and more reproducible processes, is a minority. Herein, a comprehensive compilation of the research results published in the microwave‐assisted synthesis (MAS) of COFs is presented. This review includes articles of 2D and 3D COFs prepared using microwaves as source of energy. The articles have been classified depending on the functional groups including boronate ester, imines, enamines, azines, and triazines, among others. It compiles the main parameters of synthesis and characteristics of the materials together with some general issues related with COFs and microwaves. Additionally, current and future perspectives of the topic have been discussed.
Highly Nickel‐Loaded γ‐Alumina Composites for a Radiofrequency‐Heated, Low‐Temperature CO2 Methanation Scheme
Authors: Wang Wei , Duong‐Viet Cuong , Tuci Giulia , Liu Yuefeng , Rossin Andrea , Luconi Lapo , Nhut Jean‐Mario , Nguyen‐Dinh Lam , Giambastiani Giuliano , Pham‐Huu Cuong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, we joined highly Ni‐loaded γ‐Al2O3 composites, straightforwardly prepared by impregnation methods, with an induction heating setup suited to control, almost in real‐time, any temperature swing at the catalyst sites (i. e., “hot spots” ignition) caused by an exothermic reaction at the heart of the power‐to‐gas (P2G) chain: CO2 methanation. We have shown how the combination of a poor thermal conductor (γ‐Al2O3) as support for large and highly interconnected nickel aggregates together with a fast heat control of the temperature at the catalytic bed allow part of the extra‐heat generated by the reaction exothermicity to be reused for maintaining the catalyst under virtual isothermal conditions, hence reducing the reactor power supply. Most importantly, a highly efficient methanation scheme for substitute natural gas (SNG) production (X
up 98 % with >99 % S
) under operative temperatures (150–230 °C) much lower than those commonly required with traditional heating setup has been proposed. As far as sustainable and environmental issues are concerned, this approach re‐evaluates industrially attractive composites (and their large‐scale preparation methods) for application to key processes at the heart of P2G chain while providing robust catalysts for which risks associated to nano‐objects leaching phenomena are markedly reduced if not definitively suppressed.
Succinate dehydrogenase‐deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumor of stomach diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy: Report of a distinct subtype in cytology
Authors: Gokozan Hamza Numan , Bomeisl Philip 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH)‐deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are characterized by the lack of mutations in KIT receptor tyrosine kinase complex and platelet derived growth factor receptor‐alpha (PDGFRA) that are commonly found in the majority of GISTs. SDH‐deficient GISTs comprise approximately 5%‐10% of all GISTs. This subset may be associated with Carney Triad and Carney‐Stratakis syndrome. SDH‐deficient GISTs show unique demographic, radiologic, morphologic findings, clinical behavior, and treatment response. To our knowledge, the identification and characterization of this subset of GISTs have not yet been described in the cytopathology literature. By understanding the clinical as well as the other unique features of this tumor, in addition to the rapidly evolving identification of specific molecular alterations and targeted therapies, cytopathologists may play an important role in the diagnosis and work‐up of these patients to allow clinicians to better manage and treat them. We present a young female with gastric SDH‐deficient GIST diagnosed by fine‐needle biopsy with supporting surgical pathology follow‐up and molecular confirmation. This report suggests that the diagnosis of SDH‐deficient GIST can be made on cytology in the appropriate clinical setting by using cytomorphologic features and demonstrating SDH loss by IHC on the cell block. In addition, molecular testing may be possible on the cytology cell block or supernatant to confirm the diagnosis.
Association of genetic and climatic variability in giant sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum, reveals signatures of local adaptation along moisture‐related gradients
Authors: DeSilva Rainbow , Dodd Richard S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUncovering the genetic basis of local adaptation is a major goal of evolutionary biology and conservation science alike. In an era of climate change, an understanding of how environmental factors shape adaptive diversity is crucial to predicting species response and directing management. Here, we investigate patterns of genomic variation in giant sequoia, an iconic and ecologically important tree species, using 1,364 bi‐allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We use an FST outlier test and two genotype–environment association methods, latent factor mixed models (LFMMs) and redundancy analysis (RDA), to detect complex signatures of local adaptation. Results indicate 79 genomic regions of potential adaptive importance, with limited overlap between the detection methods. Of the 58 loci detected by LFMM, 51 showed strong correlations to a precipitation‐driven composite variable and seven to a temperature‐related variable. RDA revealed 24 outlier loci with association to climate variables, all of which showed strongest relationship to summer precipitation. Nine candidate loci were indicated by two methods. After correcting for geographic distance, RDA models using climate predictors accounted for 49% of the explained variance and showed significant correlations between SNPs and climatic factors. Here, we present evidence of local adaptation in giant sequoia along gradients of precipitation and provide a first step toward identifying genomic regions of adaptive significance. The results of this study will provide information to guide management strategies that seek to maximize adaptive potential in the face of climate change.
How do less‐expensive nitrogen alternatives affect legume sanctions on rhizobia?
Authors: Oono Ryoko , Muller Katherine E. , Ho Randy , Jimenez Salinas Andres , Denison Robert Ford 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe evolutionary stability of mutualistic interactions involving multiple partners requires “sanctioning”–the ability to influence the fitness of each partner based on its respective contribution. Sanctions must be sensitive to even small differences if even slightly less‐beneficial partners could gain a fitness advantage by diverting resources away from the mutualistic service toward their own reproductive fitness. Here, we test whether legume hosts sanction even mediocre N2‐fixing rhizobial strains by influencing either nodule growth (which limits rhizobial cell numbers) or carbon accumulation (polyhydroxybutryate or PHB) per rhizobial cell. We also test whether sanctions depend on the availability of less‐expensive nitrogen alternatives, either as nitrate or coinoculation with a more‐efficient isogenic strain. We found that nitrate eliminated differences in nodule size between the mediocre and more‐efficient strains, suggesting that host sanctions were compromised. However, nitrate additions also decreased PHB accumulation by the mediocre strain, which may eliminate any fitness advantages of diverting resources from N2 fixation. Coinoculation with a more‐efficient strain could also compromise host sanctions if reduction in fitness from smaller nodules does not offset the potential fitness gain from greater PHB accumulation that we observed in the mediocre strain. Hence, a host's ability to sanction mediocre strains depends not only on alternative sources of nitrogen but also the relative importance of different components of rhizobial fitness.
Minimum habitat thresholds required for conserving mountain lion genetic diversity
Authors: Dellinger Justin A. , Gustafson Kyle D. , Gammons Daniel J. , Ernest Holly B. , Torres Steven G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractJointly considering the ecology (e.g., habitat use) and genetics (e.g., population genetic structure and diversity) of a species can increase understanding of current conservation status and inform future management practices. Previous analyses indicate that mountain lion (Puma concolor) populations in California are genetically structured and exhibit extreme variation in population genetic diversity. Although human development may have fragmented gene flow, we hypothesized the quantity and quality of remaining habitat available would affect the genetic viability of each population. Our results indicate that area of suitable habitat, determined via a resource selection function derived using 843,500 location fixes from 263 radio‐collared mountain lions, is strongly and positively associated with population genetic diversity and viability metrics, particularly with effective population size. Our results suggested that contiguous habitat of ≥10,000 km2 may be sufficient to alleviate the negative effects of genetic drift and inbreeding, allowing mountain lion populations to maintain suitable effective population sizes. Areas occupied by five of the nine geographic–genetic mountain lion populations in California fell below this habitat threshold, and two (Santa Monica Area and Santa Ana) of those five populations lack connectivity to nearby populations. Enhancing ecological conditions by protection of greater areas of suitable habitat and facilitating positive evolutionary processes by increasing connectivity (e.g., road‐crossing structures) might promote persistence of small or isolated populations. The conservation status of suitable habitat also appeared to influence genetic diversity of populations. Thus, our results demonstrate that both the area and status (i.e., protected or unprotected) of suitable habitat influence the genetic viability of mountain lion populations.
Cross‐Linked Hollow Graphitic Carbon as Low‐Cost and High‐Performance Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Feng Yanhong , Chen Suhua , Shen Dongyang , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan 
Published: September 2020

Large‐scale and low‐cost preparation of carbon‐based potassium anode with long life and high capacity is one of the footstones for the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). Herein, a low‐cost carbon‐based material, cross‐linked hollow graphitic carbon (HGC), is large scale synthesized to apply for PIBs anode. Its hollow structure can afford sufficient space to overcome the damage caused by the volume expansion of graphitic carbon (GC). While the cross‐linked structure forms a compact interconnection network that allows electrons to rapid transfer between different GC frameworks. Electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the HGC anode exhibited low charge/discharge plateau (about 0.25 V and 0.1 V) and excellent specific capacity as high as 298 mA h g−1 at the current density of 50 mA g−1. And more important, after 200 cycles the capacity of HGC anode still shows 269 mA h g−1 (the decay rate of per cycle is only 0.048%). Meanwhile, the use of commercial traditional electrolyte (KPF6) and cheap raw materials that provide new hope for trying and realizing the large‐scale production of PIBs based on carbon anode materials.
Isomerism‐Activity Relation in Molecular Electrocatalysis: A Perspective
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sanchayita , Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Bhat Zahid Manzoor , Dargily Neethu Christudas , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis perspective provides a brief overview on the role of isomerism of secondary‐sphere functionality in molecular electrocatalysis, without which there exists a clear knowledge‐gap in defining a molecule's structure‐activity relation. The discussion unfolds how isomerism of the functionality triggers short‐range interactions in the molecule leading to unprecedented events in electrocatalysis. This perspective highlights that the isomerism of substituents makes an independent contribution to electrocatalysis over its nature and for exploiting the maximum potential of the molecule in electrocatalysis, nature of the substituent as well as its isomerism should be given consideration.