bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interindividual Diversity in Expression of Organic Anion Uptake Transporters in Normal and Cirrhotic Human Liver
Authors: Taniguchi Tatsuya , Zanetti‐Yabur Alana , Wang Pijun , Usyk Mykhaylo , Burk Robert D. , Wolkoff Allan W. 
Published: March 2020

The liver plays an essential role in removing endogenous and exogenous compounds from the circulation. This function is mediated by specific transporters, including members of the family of organic anion transport proteins (OATPs) and the Na+‐taurocholate transporting polypeptide (NTCP). In the present study, transporter protein expression was determined in liver samples from patients with cirrhosis or controls without liver disease. Five transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and NTCP) were studied. Transporter content in homogenates of human liver was quantified on western blots probed with transporter‐specific antibodies in which a calibrated green fluorescent protein‐tagged transporter standard was included. Liver samples from 21 patients with cirrhosis (hepatitis C in 17 and alcohol abuse in 4) and 17 controls without liver disease were analyzed. Expression of each of the transporters had a large spread, varying by an order of magnitude in cirrhotic and control livers. OATP1B1 was the most abundant transporter in controls (P < 0.01) but was significantly lower in cirrhotic livers as was NTCP expression (P < 0.01). There was little difference in transporter expression with respect to age or sex. Despite the large variability in transporter expression within a group, analysis in individuals showed that those with high or low expression of one transporter had a similar magnitude in expression of the others. Conclusion: Differences in transporter expression could explain unanticipated heterogeneity of drug transport and metabolism in individuals with and without liver disease.
Community education to enhance the more equitable use of precision medicine in Northern Manhattan
Authors: Hillyer Grace C. , Schmitt Karen M. , Reyes Andria , Cruz Alejandro , Lizardo Maria , Schwartz Gary K. , Terry Mary Beth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFocusing screening and treatment to those most likely to benefit is the promise of precision medicine but inequitable distribution of precision medicine innovations may exacerbate health disparities. We investigated whether complex genomic concepts can be successfully communicated to diverse populations. Incorporating principles of Community‐based Participatory Research, we created a precision medicine curriculum tailored to the needs of our predominantly Hispanic community. We administered the curriculum over 26 months, assessed pre‐ and post‐test comprehension of 8 genetics‐related terms, and compared comprehension differences based on demography and health literacy. In total, 438 individuals completed pre‐/post‐test assessments. At pre‐test, 45.6% scored ≥75% across eight major constructs; 66.7% at post‐test. Comprehension increased for 7/8 terms with greatest pre/post‐test increases for ‘mutation’ (55% to 78%) and ‘sporadic’ (34% to 59%). Mean pre‐test comprehension scores (≥75%) were lower for Spanish versus. English speakers; mean post‐test scores were equivalent. No heterogeneity by demographics or health literacy was observed. We demonstrate that a brief community educational program can improve knowledge of complex genomic concepts. Interventions to increase understanding of genomic concepts underlying precision medicine are key to patients making informed treatment and prevention decisions and may lead to more equitable uptake of precision medicine initiatives.
LINC00467 enhances head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process via miR‐299‐5p/ubiquitin specific protease‐48 axis
Authors: Chen Ye , Ding Yiying 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has attracted the attention of researchers as a result of its high incidence around the world. This malignancy occurs in the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx in most cases. A number of lncRNAs have been revealed to regulate the malignant neoplasia of several cancers. Nevertheless, the effects of lncRNA LINC00467 in HNSCC have not yet been reported.MethodsThe expression of LINC00467, miR‐299‐5p and ubiquitin specific protease‐48 (USP48) in HNSCC cells was quantified by a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The influences of LINC00467 deficiency on HNSCC progression were reflected by cell counting kit‐8, colony formation, ethynyl‐2‐deoxyuridine, wound healing and western blot assays. RIP and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to confirm the interaction among LINC00467, miR‐299‐5p and USP48.ResultsLINC00467 was considerably upregulated in HNSCC cells, and an absence of LINC00467 suppressed cell growth, cell migration and the epithelial–mesenchymal process in HNSCC. In addition, miR‐299‐5p expression was notably downregulated in HNSCC cells, and miR‐299‐5p could bind with LINC00467. Furthermore, USP48 was conspicuously overexpressed in HNSCC cells and capable of binding with miR‐299‐5p. LINC00467 could upregulate USP48 expression via sponging miR‐299‐5p. Finally, rescue assays proved that USP48 overexpression could compensate for the suppressive effects on HNSCC progression mediated by LINC00467 deficiency.ConclusionsLINC00467 enhances HNSCC progression by serving as a sponge of miR‐299‐5p to increase USP48 expression.
From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS‐CoV‐2: Moving toward more biased codon usage in viral structural and nonstructural genes
Authors: Kandeel Mahmoud , Ibrahim Abdelazim , Fayez Mahmoud , Al‐Nazawi Mohammed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is an emerging disease with fatal outcomes. In this study, a fundamental knowledge gap question is to be resolved by evaluating the differences in biological and pathogenic aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2 and the changes in SARS‐CoV‐2 in comparison with the two prior major COV epidemics, SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses.MethodsThe genome composition, nucleotide analysis, codon usage indices, relative synonymous codons usage, and effective number of codons (ENc) were analyzed in the four structural genes; Spike (S), Envelope (E), membrane (M), and Nucleocapsid (N) genes, and two of the most important nonstructural genes comprising RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase and main protease (Mpro) of SARS‐CoV‐2, Beta‐CoV from pangolins, bat SARS, MERS, and SARS CoVs.ResultsSARS‐CoV‐2 prefers pyrimidine rich codons to purines. Most high‐frequency codons were ending with A or T, while the low frequency and rare codons were ending with G or C. SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins showed 5 to 20 lower ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs. This implies higher codon bias and higher gene expression efficiency of SARS‐CoV‐2 structural proteins. SARS‐CoV‐2 encoded the highest number of over‐biased and negatively biased codons. Pangolin Beta‐CoV showed little differences with SARS‐CoV‐2 ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoV.ConclusionExtreme bias and lower ENc values of SARS‐CoV‐2, especially in Spike, Envelope, and Mpro genes, are suggestive for higher gene expression efficiency, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs.
Interaction of pretilachlor with PS‐II activity of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum PUPCCC 405.10
Authors: Swatch Gurdeep Kaur , Singh Davinder Pal , Khattar Jasvirinder Singh , Mohapatra Pradipta Kumar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInteraction of pretilachlor with photosystem (PS)‐II of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum PUPCCC 405.10 has been studied in this paper. Pretilachlor negatively affected growth, chlorophyll a (Chl a), photosynthesis, and carbon dissimilation in a dose‐dependent manner. Effects were also observed in PSs, especially PS‐II (an 11–35% decrease), as well as the whole photosynthetic electron transport activity. The fluorescence emission spectrum of Chl a revealed a dose‐dependent effect of pretilachlor on both the antenna and the core complex of PSs, with more severe effect on the former. Data of O‐J‐I‐P fluorescence transient of Chl a revealed that pretilachlor interfered with electron flow between QA and QB sites of PS‐II. It was further observed that pretilachlor decreased maximum fluorescence, variable and relative variable fluorescence, maximum quantum yield, quantum yield of electron transport, the rate of trapped exciton movement, quantum yield of electron transfer, and performance index of primary photochemistry; however, there was a progressive increase in the net rate of PS‐II closure, quantum yield of energy dissipation, and effective antenna size per active reaction center. A decrease in photosynthetic activity leads to a decrease in carbon dissimilation, as evidenced by low activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Thus, pretilachlor, which is otherwise known to kill weeds by interfering with cell division, affected the growth of the cyanobacteria by interacting with PS‐II.
Selective screw fixation is associated with early failure of primary acetabular components for aseptic loosening
Authors: Goodnough L. Henry , Bonano John C. , Finlay Andrea K. , Aggarwal Vinay K. , Huddleston James I. , Maloney William J. , Goodman Stuart B. , Amanatullah Derek F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSelective supplementation of acetabular component fixation with a screw during primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) assumes that the surgeon can detect when an acetabular component needs additional stability. In contrast, nonselective screw users do not alter their practice based on their interpretation of stability and either use screws all or none of the time. We aimed to determine the effect of selective screw use on aseptic acetabular component loosening. We retrospectively reviewed aseptic failures of acetabular components after primaty THA. We compared the survivorship of selective and nonselective supplementation of acetabular fixation with respect to time to revision, obesity, and screw use. Selective screw use (n = 16) was associated with earlier acetabular component aseptic loosening (median: 1.9 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.1‐5.0) compared to nonselective screw use (n = 22; median: 5.6 years; IQR: 2.0‐15.3; P = .010). Selective screw use was independently associated with earlier revision after adjusting for patient obesity. Obesity was associated with selective screw use in 50% of the cases vs 14% of nonselective cases (odds ratio: 6.3; confidence interval: 1.2‐25.2; P = .028), possibly reflecting the increased difficulty in achieving acetabular component stability in this and other settings with compromised bone. Surgeons should carefully assess component stability at time of primary THA. If the acetabulum is not stable, the addition of screws alone may not be sufficient for acetabular component stability.
Cervical spine MRI phenotypes and prediction of pain, disability and adjacent segment degeneration/disease after ACDF
Authors: Harada Garrett K. , Tao Youping , Louie Philip K. , Basques Bryce A. , Galbusera Fabio , Niemeyer Frank , Wilke Hans‐Joachim , Goldberg Edward , An Howard S. , Samartzis Dino 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDegenerative spine imaging findings have been extensively studied in the lumbar region and are associated with pain and adverse clinical outcomes after surgery. However, few studies have investigated the significance of these imaging “phenotypes” in the cervical spine. Patients with degenerative cervical spine pathology undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively and prospectively assessed using preoperative MRI for disc degeneration, narrowing, and displacement, high‐intensity zones, endplate abnormalities, Modic changes, and osteophyte formation from C2‐T1. Points were assigned for these phenotypes to generate a novel Cervical Phenotype Index (CPI). Demographics were evaluated for association with phenotypes and the CPI using forward stepwise regression. Bootstrap sampling and multiple imputations assessed phenotypes and the CPI in association with patient‐reported outcomes (Neck Disability Index [NDI], Visual Analog Scale [VAS]‐neck, VAS‐arm) and adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) and disease (ASDz). Of 861 patients, disc displacement was the most common (99.7%), followed by osteophytes (92.0%) and endplate abnormalities (57.3%). Most findings were associated with age and were identified at similar cervical vertebral levels; at C5‐C7. Imaging phenotypes demonstrated both increased and decreased associations with adverse patient‐reported outcomes and ASDeg/Dz. However, the CPI consistently predicted worse NDI (P = .012), VAS‐neck (P = .007), and VAS‐arm (P = .013) scores, in addition to higher odds of ASDeg (P = .002) and ASDz (P = .004). The CPI was significantly predictive of postoperative symptoms of pain/disability and ASDeg/Dz after ACDF, suggesting that the totality of degenerative findings may be more clinically relevant than individual phenotypes and that this tool may help prognosticate outcomes after surgery.
Traumatic compressive stress inhibits osteoblast differentiation through long chain non‐coding RNA Dancr
Authors: Lu Qian , Xu Weizhe , Liu Linyi , Zhou Xuedong , Ye Ling , Song Dongzhe , Zhang Lan , Huang Dingming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOcclusal trauma is an important local contributing factor aggravating periodontal pocket and alveolar bone absorption in periodontal diseases. Our previous studies have found that occlusal trauma inhibited osteogenic differentiation through nuclear factor (NF)‐κB signaling. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, the aim of this study was to explore the role of long chain non‐coding differentiation antagonizing non‐protein coding RNA (Dancr) in the inhibitory effect of traumatic stress on osteoblast differentiation.MethodsWe took the MC3T3‐E1 cells as object in vitro research and stimulated cells with simple stress load, Dancr‐siRNA + stress load, Dancr overexpression‐plasmid + stress load. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the RNA expression levels of Dancr, alkaline phosphatase (Alp) and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). The protein expressions of Alp and Runx2 were tested by Western blot and the activity of Alp was qualitatively demonstrated by Alp staining. In addition, Western blot was performed to investigate the role of Dancr in affecting NF‐κB signaling pathway.ResultsTraumatic compressive stress inhibited the expressions of Alp, Runx2, andDancr in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Stress‐induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation was promoted after silencing Dancr. Overexpression of Dancr could alleviate the inhibitory effect of traumatic force on osteoblast differentiation to some extent. Furthermore, NF‐κB signaling was activated after silencing Dancr, and the activated effect of traumatic force on NF‐κB signaling could be alleviated through overexpression of Dancr to some extent.ConclusionTraumatic compressive stress can indirectly activate the NF‐κB signaling through downregulation of Dancr, thereby inhibiting osteogenic differentiation.
Preparation of a thiols β‐cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles‐coated open tubular column for capillary electrochromatography enantioseparations
Authors: Fang Linlin , Zhao Yanyan , Wang Chao , Wang Changyuan , Han Xu , Chen Pengjun , Zhao Lizhu , Wang Jingping , Li Shuang , Jiang Zhen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInspired by the distinct chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles, here a novel open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography column was prepared by electrostatic assembly of poly(diallydimethylammonium chloride) onto the inner surface of a fused‐silica capillary, followed by self‐adsorption of negatively charged SH‐β‐cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles. The formation of the SH‐β‐cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary was confirmed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry studies indicated that SH‐β‐cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles were successfully coated on the inner wall of the capillary column. The performance of the SH‐β‐cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary was validated by the analysis of six pairs of chiral drugs, namely zopiclone, carvedilol, salbutamol, terbutaline sulfate, phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride, and ibuprofen. Satisfactory enantioseparation results were achieved, confirming the use of gold nanoparticles as the support could enhance the phase ratio of the open‐tubular capillary column. Additionally, the stability and reproducibility of the SH‐β‐cyclodextrin/gold nanoparticles coated capillary column were also investigated. Then, this proposed method was well validated with good linearity (≥0.999), recovery (90.0–93.5%) and repeatability, and was successfully used for enantioseparation of ibuprofen in spiked plasma samples, which indicated the new column's potential usage in biological analysis.
Congenital dyserythropoiesis anemia type Ia with a novel CDAN1 mutation diagnosed by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Lin Pei‐Chin , Cheng Chao‐Neng , Huang Hsi‐Yuan , Tseng Yu‐Hsin , Chang Ya‐Sian , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chang Jan‐Gowth 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital dyserythropoiesis anemia type Ia (OMIM:224120), is a rare hereditary anemia. The diagnosis is difficult to make and usually delayed in part due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical manifestations.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was applied for the genetic diagnosis of a 12‐year‐old boy who has suffered from hemolytic anemia since birth and who requires regular transfusions. Sanger sequencing of the variants detected in whole exome sequencing was performed in the patient and his parents.ResultsCompound heterozygous mutations of CDAN1 gene, including one previously reported and one novel mutation, which is a splicing change, were detected in the whole exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The autosomal recessive inheritance was confirmed by pedigree analysis.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first case report of congenital dyserythropoiesis anemia type Ia with genetic diagnosis to be located in Taiwan. Because of the rarity of CDA Ia and the overlapping of the clinical manifestations with other hereditary anemias, the next‐generation sequencing approach is effective for conclusive diagnosis of CDA Ia.
Tongue necrosis caused by systemic vascular diseases: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Kitamura Naoya , Sento Shinya , Yoshizawa Yasumasa , Sasabe Eri , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe present a review of the case reports of tongue/lingual necrosis caused by systemic vascular diseases. An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE was carried out for studies published from January 2009 to December 2018 using the following three keywords: tongue, lingual, and necrosis. The literature analysis identified 32 reports (38 cases) of tongue/lingual necrosis among the 325 studies originally identified by the PubMed/MEDLINE search. In all, 19 of the 38 cases were on vasculitis, followed by 10 on cardiogenic/septic shock, 7 on tongue infarction (due to carotid artery stenosis or systemic thrombosis), and 2 on other causes (systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic vascular amyloidosis). Among the 19 cases on vasculitis, 15 cases were reported about giant cell arteritis; 3 on polyarteritis nodosa; and 1 on necrotizing vasculitis of the tongue secondary to giant cell arteritis. In conclusion, the diagnosis of tongue/lingual necrosis is diverse and challenging because of the polymorphous clinical pattern at onset and similarity with different diseases. Our findings will be useful to clinicians in the differential diagnosis of unusual tongue/lingual necrosis cases.
Linear viscoelastic characterization of electrically conductive adhesives used as interconnect in photovoltaic modules
Authors: Springer Martin , Bosco Nick 
Published: March 2020

AbstractElectrically conductive adhesives (ECAs) are incorporated into recent designs of photovoltaic (PV) modules and replace the traditional metallic solders as interconnects. This transition depicts a significant material change, and a proper understanding of the interconnects' mechanical response has not yet been established. However, such an understanding is necessary to (a) identify the driving forces for module degradation and failure, (b) allow for module design optimization, and (c) enable accurate lifetime predictions. This study summarizes the framework for the mechanical materials characterization and modeling of ECAs for PV applications. Only high‐fidelity material models are able to capture the rate and temperature dependency of the ECA interconnect and allow for accurate modeling of the materials response. A linear viscoelastic representation is found to describe the mechanical response of the ECAs sufficiently well. The effects of curing conditions and environmental exposure are investigated, and material models for a variety of ECAs are reported and prepared for the use in numerical simulations. A finite element simulation of a generic submodel of a shingled cell module is used to highlight the need for high‐fidelity material models and demonstrates the error made in the predicted stress states by using less sophisticated models.
Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin mediated by JAK/STAT signaling pathway: A review
Authors: Ashrafizadeh Milad , Rafiei Hossein , Mohammadinejad Reza , Afshar Elham G. , Farkhondeh Tahereh , Samarghandian Saeed 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCurcumin is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound with a number of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, antitumor, and cardioprotective. This plant‐derived chemical has demonstrated great potential in targeting various signaling pathways to exert its protective effects. Signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) is one of the molecular pathways involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Accumulating data demonstrates that the STAT pathway is an important target in treatment of a number of disorders, particularly cancer. Curcumin is capable of affecting STAT signaling pathway in induction of its therapeutic impacts. Curcumin is able to enhance the level of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and improve inflammatory disorders such as colitis by targeting STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies show that inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway by curcumin is involved in reduced migration and invasion of cancer cells. Curcumin normalizes the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway to exert anti‐diabetic, renoprotective, and neuroprotective impacts. At the present review, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the effect of curcumin on JAK/STAT signaling pathway to direct further studies in this field.