bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Engagement in Action
Authors: Poger Jennifer M. , Mayer Victoria , Duru Obidiugwu Kenrik , Nauman Beth , Holderness Heather , Warren Nate , Vasquez Carolina , Bibi Salma , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Hosseinian Zahra , Shi Lizheng , Wallace Jamie , Goytia Crispin N. , Horowitz Carol R. , Kraschnewski Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Stakeholders (ie, patients, policymakers, clinicians, advocacy groups, health system leaders, payers, and others) offer critical input at various stages in the research continuum, and their contributions are increasingly recognized as an important component of effective translational research. Natural experiments, in particular, may benefit from stakeholder feedback in addressing real-world issues and providing insight into future policy decisions, though best practices for the engagement of stakeholders in observational studies are limited in the literature.

Methods:
The Natural Experiments for Translation in Diabetes 2.0 (NEXT-D2) network utilizes rigorous methods to evaluate natural experiments in health policy and program delivery with a focus on diabetes-related outcomes. Each of the 8 partnering institutions incorporates stakeholder engagement throughout multiple study phases to enhance the patient-centeredness of results. NEXT-D2 dedicates a committee to Engagement for resource sharing, enhancing engagement approaches, and advancing network-wide engagement activities. Key stakeholder engagement activities include Study Meetings, Proposal Development, Trainings & Educational Opportunities, Data Analysis, and Results Dissemination. Network-wide patient-centered resources and multimedia have also been developed through the broad expertise of each site’s stakeholder group.

Conclusions:
This collaboration has created a continuous feedback loop wherein site-level engagement approaches are informed via the network and network-level engagement efforts are shaped by individual sites. Emerging best practices include: incorporating stakeholders in multiple ways throughout the research, building on previous relationships with stakeholders, enhancing capacity through stakeholder and investigator training, involving stakeholders in refining outcome choices and understanding the meaning of variables, and recognizing the power of stakeholders in maximizing dissemination.
Detection of Amblyogenic Refractive Error Using the Spot Vision Screener in Children
Authors: Gaiser Hilary , Moore Bruce , Srinivasan Gayathri , Solaka Nadine , He Ran 
Published: May 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
Vision screenings are conducted to detect significant refractive errors, amblyopia, and ocular diseases. Vision screening devices are desired to have high testability, sensitivity, and specificity. Spot has demonstrated high testability, but previous reports suggest that the Spot has low sensitivity for detecting amblyogenic hyperopia and moderate sensitivity for amblyogenic astigmatism.

PURPOSE
This study assessed the concurrent validity of detecting amblyogenic refractive errors by the Spot (v.1.1.50; Welch Allyn Inc., Skaneateles Falls, NY) compared with cycloplegic retinoscopy.

METHODS
A total of 475 subjects (24 to 96 months) were screened by Spot and then received a masked comprehensive examination. Sensitivity and specificity, Bland-Altman plot, receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, and paired t test were evaluated by comparing the results of the Spot (v1.1.50) using the manufacturer referral criteria with the results of the comprehensive examination using the 2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus criteria.

RESULTS
The Spot (v.1.1.50) referred 107 subjects (22.53%) for the following: 18.73% (89/475) astigmatism, 4.63% (22/475) myopia, 0.42% (2/475) hyperopia, and 2.11% (10/475) anisometropia. The sensitivity and specificity of the Spot vision screener for detecting amblyogenic risk factors were 86.08% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.45 to 92.84%) and 90.15% (95% CI, 86.78 to 92.90%). Areas under the curve were 0.906 (95% CI, 0.836 to 0.976) for hyperopia, 0.887 (95% CI, 0.803 to 0.972) for spherical equivalent, and 0.914 (95% CI, 0.866 to 0.962) for astigmatism. A modified hyperopia criteria cutoff of greater than +1.06 D improved the sensitivity from 25 to 80% with 90% specificity. The current cutoff criterion, greater than −1.75 D, for astigmatism seemed optimal.

CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that the Spot vision screener accurately detects low spherical refractive errors and astigmatism. Lowering the hyperopia cutoff criteria from the current Spot screener referral criteria improves the sensitivity with desired (high) specificity.
Contributing Factors for Pediatric Ambulatory Diagnostic Process Errors: Project RedDE
Authors: Dadlez Nina M. , Adelman Jason , Bundy David G. , Singh Hardeep , Applebaum Jo R. , Rinke Michael L. 
Published: May 2020

Background:Pediatric ambulatory diagnostic errors (DEs) occur frequently. We used root cause analyses (RCAs) to identify their failure points and contributing factors.Methods:Thirty-one practices were enrolled in a national QI collaborative to reduce 3 DEs occurring at different stages of the diagnostic process: missed adolescent depression, missed elevated blood pressure (BP), and missed actionable laboratory values. Practices were encouraged to perform monthly “mini-RCAs” to identify failure points and prioritize interventions. Information related to process steps involved, specific contributing factors, and recommended interventions were reported monthly. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pareto charts.Results:Twenty-eight (90%) practices submitted 184 mini-RCAs. The median number of mini-RCAs submitted was 6 (interquartile range, 2–9). For missed adolescent depression, the process step most commonly identified was the failure to screen (68%). For missed elevated BP, it was the failure to recognize (36%) and act on (28%) abnormal BP. For missed actionable laboratories, failure to notify families (23%) and document actions on (19%) abnormal results were the process steps most commonly identified. Top contributing factors to missed adolescent depression included patient volume (16%) and inadequate staffing (13%). Top contributing factors to missed elevated BP included patient volume (12%), clinic milieu (9%), and electronic health records (EHRs) (8%). Top contributing factors to missed actionable laboratories included written communication (13%), EHR (9%), and provider knowledge (8%). Recommended interventions were similar across errors.Conclusions:EHR-based interventions, standardization of processes, and cross-training may help decrease DEs in the pediatric ambulatory setting. Mini-RCAs are useful tools to identify their contributing factors and interventions.
Depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alyami Hamad S. , Naser Abdallah Y , Dahmash Eman Zmaily , Alyami Mohammed H. , Alyami Musfer S 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsThe emergence of the COVID-19 global pandemic, with a high transmission and mortality rate, has created an extraordinary crisis worldwide. Such an unusual situation may have an undesirable impact on the mental health of individuals which, in turn, may influence their outcomes. This study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological disposition of residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between 27 March and 27 April 2020. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of these.ResultsA total of 2,081 individuals participated in the study. The prevalence of depression and anxiety among the study participants was 9.4% and 7.3%, respectively. Non-Saudi residents, individuals aged 50 years and above, divorced people, retired people, university students, and those with an income between 2,000 and 10,000 SR were at higher risk of developing depression. Saudi individuals, married people, the unemployed, and those with a high income (> 10,000 RS) were at higher risk of developing anxiety.ConclusionWe found that there is a wide range of Saudi residents who are at higher risk of developing mental illness during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic and provide the required health support.What is already known about this subject?–The emergence of the COVID-19 global pandemic, with a high transmission and mortality rate, has created an extraordinary crisis worldwide.–The COVID-19 pandemic might have an undesirable impact on the mental health of individuals.What does this article add?–Depression and anxiety are common among the Saudi population.–A considerable proportion of the Saudi population is concerned about contracting COVID-19 or transmitting it to family members.–Unemployed individuals and university students are at higher risk of depression and anxiety.
Feasibility and Acceptability of the Multicontext Approach for Individuals with Acquired Brain Injury in Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Steinberg Chelsea , Lee Alyson , Toglia Joan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Multicontext (MC) approach, a metacognitive intervention designed to improve awareness, strategy use, and executive functioning, may be beneficial for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation. The goal of this study was to provide evidence of feasibility, acceptability, and patient perceived benefit of the MC approach. A case series of eight individuals with acquired brain injury and at least mild executive functioning impairment were recruited from an acute inpatient rehabilitation unit. The MC approach— involving guided questioning and patient self-generation of strategies within everyday functional cognitive tasks—was implemented within routine occupational therapy. Outcome measures were self-report of treatment satisfaction, the Self-Regulation Skills Interview, and the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity. Participants rated the MC approach as highly satisfying and engaging. They described subjective improvements in their ability to use executive functioning strategies. The MC approach was associated with improvement in awareness, strategy use, and executive functioning at the conclusion of treatment. The MC approach may be a beneficial structured intervention for individuals with acquired brain injury and executive dysfunction undergoing acute inpatient rehabilitation. Further evaluation with larger samples in controlled trials is warranted.
The impact of goggle-associated harms to health and working status of nurses during management of COVID-19
Authors: Xiao-huan He , Yan-ru Feng , Gao-ming Li , Xiao-jiao Pang , Ting Chen , Ya-li Zhou , Hao Zhang , Jing Lang , Li-min Li , Li Feng , Xin He , Wei Zheng , Hong-ming Miao , Yong-hua Wang , Xia Kang 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundTo investigate the impact of goggles on their health and clinical practice during management of patients with COVID-19.Methods231 nurse practitioners were enrolled who worked in isolation region in designated hospitals to admit patients with COVID-19 in China. Demographic data, goggle-associated symptoms and underlying reasons, incidence of medical errors or exposures, the effects of fog in goggles on practice were all collected. Data were stratified and analyzed by age or working experience. Risk factors of goggle-associated medical errors were analyzed by multivariable logistical regression analysis.FindingsGoggle-associated symptoms and foggy goggles widely presented in nurses. The most common symptoms were headache, skin pressure injury and dizziness. Headache, vomit and nausea were significantly fewer reported in nurses with longer working experience while rash occurred higher in this group. The underlying reasons included tightness of goggles, unsuitable design and uncomfortable materials. The working status of nurses with more working experience was less impacted by goggles. 11.3% nurses occurred medical exposures in clinical practice while 19.5% nurses made medical errors on patients. The risk factors for medical errors were time interval before adapting to goggle-associated discomforts, adjusting goggles and headache.InterpretationGoggle-associated symptoms and fog can highly impact the working status and contribute to medical errors during management of COVID-19. Increased the experience with working in PPE through adequate training and psychological education may benefit for relieving some symptoms and improving working status. Improvement of goggle design during productive process was strongly suggested to reduce incidence of discomforts and medical errors.
In vivo PET imaging of neuroinflammation in familial frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Malpetti Maura , Rittman Timothy , Jones P. Simon , Cope Thomas E. , Passamonti Luca , Bevan-Jones W. Richard , Patterson Karalyn , Fryer Tim D. , Hong Young T. , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , O’Brien John T. , Rowe James B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONWe report in vivo patterns of neuroinflammation and abnormal protein aggregation in seven cases of familial frontotemporal dementia with mutations in MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 genes.METHODSUsing positron emission tomography (PET), we explored the association of the distribution of activated microglia, as measured by the radioligand [11C]PK11195, and the regional distribution of tau- or TDP-43 pathology, indexed using the radioligand [18F]AV-1451. The familial FTD PET data were compared to healthy controls.RESULTSFamilial FTD patients across all mutation groups showed increased [11C]PK11195 binding predominantly in frontotemporal regions, with additional regions showing abnormalities in individuals. Patients with MAPT mutations had a consistent distribution of [18F]AV-1451 binding across the brain, with heterogeneous distributions among carriers of GRN and C9orf72 mutations.DISCUSSIONThis case series suggests a consistent role for neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of familial FTD, warranting further consideration of immunomodulatory therapies for disease modification and prevention.
PathoSPOT genomic epidemiology reveals under-the-radar nosocomial outbreaks
Authors: Caban Ana Berbel , Pak Theodore R. , Obla Ajay , Dupper Amy C. , Chacko Kieran I. , Fox Lindsey , Mills Alexandra , Ciferri Brianne , Oussenko Irina , Beckford Colleen , Chung Marilyn , Sebra Robert , Smith Melissa , Conolly Sarah , Patel Gopi , Kasarskis Andrew , Sullivan Mitchell J. , Altman Deena R. , van Bakel Harm 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used to map the spread of bacterial and viral pathogens in nosocomial settings. A limiting factor for more widespread adoption of WGS for hospital infection prevention practices is the availability of standardized tools for genomic epidemiology. Here we present the Pathogen Sequencing Phylogenomic Outbreak Toolkit (PathoSPOT), which automates integration of genomic and medical record data for rapid detection and tracing of nosocomial outbreaks. To demonstrate its capabilities we applied PathoSPOT to complete genome surveillance data of 197 MRSA bacteremia cases from two hospitals during a two-year period. PathoSPOT identified 8 clonal clusters encompassing 33 patients (16.8% of cases); none of which had been recognized by standard practices. The largest cluster corresponded to a prolonged outbreak of a hospital-associated MRSA clone among 16 adults, spanning 9 wards over a period of 21 months. Analysis of precise timeline and location data with our toolkit suggested that an initial exposure event in a single ward led to infection and long-term colonization of multiple patients, followed by transmissions to other patients during recurrent hospitalizations. Overall, we demonstrate that PathoSPOT genomic surveillance enables detection of complex transmission chains that are not readily apparent from epidemiological data and that contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, enabling more effective intervention strategies.
Testosterone enhances GLP-1 efficacy at the plasma membrane and endosomes to augment insulin secretion in male pancreatic β cells
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Ashford Fiona B. , Bitsi Stavroula , Schiffer Lina , Qadir M.M. Fahd , Arlt Wiebke , Tomas Alejandra , Hodson David J. , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMale mice with elimination of the androgen receptor (AR) in islet β cells (βARKO) exhibit blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), leading to hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia when challenged with a Western diet. Testosterone activation of an extranuclear AR in β cells potentiates GSIS by amplifying the insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Here, using a combination of βARKO and β cell-selective GLP-1 receptor knockout mice and their islets, we show that AR activation in β cells amplifies the insulinotropic effect of islet-derived GLP-1. In β cell models expressing cAMP sensors, testosterone enhances the ability of GLP-1, but not that of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide or glucagon, to produce cAMP. Accordingly, testosterone selectively enhances the ability of GLP-1 to potentiate GSIS. Notably, testosterone enhances GLP-1 production of cAMP at the plasma membrane and endosomes. In male mouse and human islets, the insulinotropic effect of testosterone is abolished following inhibition of the membrane and endosomal cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and exchange protein activated by cAMP islet 2 pathways. Thus, membrane localization of AR enhances the ability of the GLP-1 receptor to produce cAMP, thus increasing glucose-stimulated insulin exocytosis.Significance StatementThis study reveals that testosterone, acting on the androgen receptor (AR) in insulin-producing β cells amplifies the insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by increasing GLP-1-mediated production of cAMP at the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments, to promote insulin vesicles exocytosis in human β cells. This study establishes a novel biological paradigm in which membrane location of a steroid nuclear receptor enhances the ability of a G protein-coupled receptor to produce cAMP. It has exceptional clinical significance for targeted delivery of testosterone to β cells in the large population of aging and androgen-deficient men who are at increased risk of diabetes.
The impact of non-additive genetic associations on age-related complex diseases
Authors: Guindo-Martínez Marta , Amela Ramon , Bonàs-Guarch Silvia , Puiggròs Montserrat , Salvoro Cecilia , Miguel-Escalada Irene , Carey Caitlin E , Cole Joanne B. , Rüeger Sina , Atkinson Elizabeth , Leong Aaron , Sanchez Friman , Ramon-Cortes Cristian , Ejarque Jorge , Palmer Duncan S , Kurki Mitja ,   FinnGen Consortium, Aragam Krishna , Florez Jose C , Badia Rosa M. , Mercader Josep M. , Torrents David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) are not fully comprehensive as current strategies typically test only the additive model, exclude the X chromosome, and use only one reference panel for genotype imputation. We implemented an extensive GWAS strategy, GUIDANCE, which improves genotype imputation by using multiple reference panels, includes the analysis of the X chromosome and non-additive models to test for association. We applied this methodology to 62,281 subjects across 22 age-related diseases and identified 94 genome-wide associated loci, including 26 previously unreported. We observed that 27.6% of the 94 loci would be missed if we only used standard imputation strategies and only tested the additive model. Among the new findings, we identified three novel low-frequency recessive variants with odds ratios larger than 4, which would need at least a three-fold larger sample size to be detected under the additive model. This study highlights the benefits of applying innovative strategies to better uncover the genetic architecture of complex diseases.
Determination and correction of aberrations in full field OCT using phase gradient autofocus by maximizing the likelihood function
Authors: Matkivsky Vasily , Moiseev Alexander , Shilyagin Pavel , Rodionov Alexander , Spahr Hendrik , Pfäffle Clara , Hüttmann Gereon , Hillmann Dierck , Gelikonov Grigory 
Published: May 2020

A method for numerical estimation and correction of aberrations of the eye in fundus imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is presented. Aberrations are determined statistically by using the estimate based on likelihood function maximization. The method can be considered as an extension of the phase gradient autofocusing algorithm in synthetic aperture radar imaging to 2D optical aberrations correction. The efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated in OCT fundus imaging with 6λ aberrations. After correction, single photoreceptors were resolved. It is also shown that wavefront distortions with high spatial frequencies can be determined and corrected.Graphical Abstract for Table of Contents[Text.This work is dedicated to development a method for numerical estimation and correction of aberrations of the eye in fundus imaging with OCT. Aberration evaluation is performed statistically by using estimate based on likelihood function maximization. The efficiency of the proposed method has been demonstrated in OCT fundus imaging with 6λ aberrations. It has been shown that spatial high-frequency wavefront distortions can be determined]
Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated correction ofCFTRsplicing improves chloride secretion in cystic fibrosis patient-derived bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Michaels Wren E. , Bridges Robert J. , Hastings Michelle L. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTCystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, encoding an anion channel that conducts chloride and bicarbonate across epithelial membranes. Mutations that disrupt pre-mRNA splicing occur in more than 15% of CF cases. One commonCFTRsplicing mutation isCFTRc.3718-2477C>T (3849+10kbC>T), which creates a new 5’ splice site, resulting in splicing to a cryptic exon with a premature termination codon. Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy to block aberrant splicing. We test an ASO targeting theCFTRc.3718-2477C>T mutation and show that it effectively blocks aberrant splicing in primary bronchial epithelial (hBE) cells from CF patients with the mutation. ASO treatment results in long-term improvement in CFTR activity in hBE cells, as demonstrated by a recovery of chloride secretion and apical membrane conductance. We also show that the ASO is more effective at recovering chloride secretion in our assay than ivacaftor, the potentiator treatment currently available to these patients. Our findings demonstrate the utility of ASOs in correcting CFTR expression and channel activity in a manner expected to be therapeutic in patients.