bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IoT cyber risk: a holistic analysis of cyber risk assessment frameworks, risk vectors, and risk ranking process
Authors: Kandasamy Kamalanathan , Srinivas Sethuraman , Achuthan Krishnashree , Rangan Venkat P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSecurity vulnerabilities of the modern Internet of Things (IoT) systems are unique, mainly due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the technology and data. The risks born out of these IoT systems cannot easily fit into an existing risk framework. There are many cybersecurity risk assessment approaches and frameworks that are under deployment in many governmental and commercial organizations. Extending these existing frameworks to IoT systems alone will not address the new risks that have arisen in the IoT ecosystem. This study has included a review of existing popular cyber risk assessment methodologies and their suitability to IoT systems. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation, Threat Assessment & Remediation Analysis, and International Standards Organization are the four main frameworks critically analyzed in this research study. IoT risks are presented and reviewed in terms of the IoT risk category and impacted industries. IoT systems in financial technology and healthcare are dealt with in detail, given their high-risk exposure. Risk vectors for IoT and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) are discussed in this study. A unique risk ranking method to rank and quantify IoT risk is introduced in this study. This ranking method initiates a risk assessment approach exclusively for IoT systems by quantifying IoT risk vectors, leading to effective risk mitigation strategies and techniques. A unique computational approach to calculate the cyber risk for IoT systems with IoT-specific impact factors has been designed and explained in the context of IoMT systems.
Locating unregistered and unreported data for use in a social science systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Polanin Joshua R. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Grotpeter Jennifer K. , Valido Alberto , Ingram Katherine M. , Torgal Cagil , El Sheikh America , Robinson Luz E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeta-analysts rely on the availability of data from previously conducted studies. That is, they rely on primary study authors to register their outcome data, either in a study’s text or on publicly available websites, and report the results of their work, either again in a study’s text or on publicly accessible data repositories. If a primary study author does not register data collection and similarly does not report the data collection results, the meta-analyst is at risk of failing to include the collected data. The purpose of this study is to attempt to locate one type of meta-analytic data: findings from studies that neither registered nor reported the collected outcome data. To do so, we conducted a large-scale search for potential studies and emailed an author query request to more than 600 primary study authors to ask if they had collected eligible outcome data. We received responses from 75 authors (12.3%), three of whom sent eligible findings. The results of our search confirmed our proof of concept (i.e., that authors collect data but fail to register or report it publicly), and the meta-analytic results indicated that excluding the identified studies would change some of our substantive conclusions. Cost analyses indicated, however, a high price to finding the missing studies. We end by reaffirming our calls for greater adoption of primary study pre-registration as well as data archiving in publicly available repositories.
A case of triple digestive tract reconstruction in chronic pancreatitis complicated with bile ductal stenosis, duodenal stenosis, and portal vein stenosis: a case report
Authors: Abe Yuka , Kumamoto Takafumi , Nakayama Gakuryu , Miyake Kentaro , Yabushita Yasuhiro , Sawada Yu , Homma Yuki , Takeda Kazuhisa , Matsuyama Ryusei , Endo Itaru 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Although endoscopic interventions for chronic pancreatitis are highly developed, surgery for severe complicated cases such as the coexistence of bile duct, duodenum, and portal vein stenosis is a challenging issue for surgeons. In such instances, pancreaticoduodenectomy could lead to massive intraoperative bleeding due to severe collateral veins. A surgical drainage procedure, instead of pancreatic resection, may be a reasonable and safer option in such cases, but the literature on a surgical drainage technique to resolve all obstructions of the pancreatic duct, bile duct, and duodenum at once is limited. We devised a new surgical drainage method for such cases with consideration for a possible future second surgery for newly developed pancreatic cancer because chronic pancreatitis is a well-known high-risk factor for pancreatic cancer in the long term. Here, we report this surgical procedure.

Case presentation
A 55-year-old man was diagnosed with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis 15 years ago. Before surgery, he underwent regular endoscopic pancreatic stenting for pancreatic ductal stenosis for 3 years. Three months before surgery, his duodenal stenosis worsened, and he was referred to our department for surgery. Preoperative imaging revealed pancreatic and bile duct stenosis, duodenal stenosis, and portal vein stenosis. To avoid intraoperative bleeding caused by the development of collateral veins, we performed a triple drainage procedure: longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy with coring-out of the pancreatic head, hepaticojejunostomy, and gastrojejunostomy. The patient did not develop postoperative complications, and he was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 14. For 5 years after surgery, no abdominal pain or recurrent pancreatitis was observed.

Conclusion
Our triple drainage procedure seems effective and minimally invasive for patients complicated with bile duct stenosis, duodenal stenosis, and portal vein stenosis.
Small bowel stenosis after blunt abdominal trauma: a case report
Authors: Hara Kazushi , Yamamoto Manabu , Sakamoto Teruhisa , Sugezawa Ken , Uejima Chihiro , Tanio Akimitsu , Tada Yoichiro , Hanaki Takehiko , Miyatani Kozo , Watanabe Joji , Kihara Kyoichi , Tokuyasu Naruo , Takano Shuichi , Honjo Soichiro , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Small bowel stenosis after blunt abdominal trauma is relatively rare, and progression from trauma to bowel stenosis might sometimes be delayed. Herein, we report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with small bowel stenosis relatively early and received laparoscopic surgery.

Case presentation
An 18-year-old Japanese male was in a traffic accident and was urgently transported to our hospital. On arrival, he was admitted with right kidney and right adrenal injury and abdominal aortic aneurysm. On hospital day 13, he vomited during conservative treatment without surgery, and computed tomography revealed small bowel stenosis and dilatation of the oral-side small bowel. No improvement with the ileus tube occurred, and he received laparoscopic surgery on hospital day 21. Briefly, the abdominal cavity was observed with a laparoscope. The mesentery was congested, scarring around the stenotic small bowel regions was present, and three stenotic regions were observed 40–50 cm from the Treitz ligament. The patient received partial resection and anastomosis of the small bowel. The postoperative course was stable, and he was discharged on postoperative day eight.

Conclusions
Most cases of bowel stenosis after abdominal trauma are irreversible and usually require surgical treatment. Therefore, small bowel stenosis should be considered in patients with abdominal symptoms after blunt abdominal trauma.
Determining the effectiveness of fibrin sealants in reducing complications in patients undergoing lateral neck dissection (DEFeND): study protocol for a randomised external pilot trial
Authors: Bajwa Mandeep S. , Carruthers Stacey , Hanson Rob , Jackson Richard , Braithwaite Chris , Edwards Mike , Chauhan Seema , Smith Catrin Tudur , Shaw Richard J. , Schache Andrew G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Complications after major surgery are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Neck dissection is one of the most commonly performed major operations in Head and Neck Surgical Oncology. Significant surgical complications occur in approximately 10–20% of all patients, increasing to 40% in patients who have had previous treatment to the area or have multiple co-morbidities and/or polypharmacy.
Current evidence suggests that fibrin sealants (FS) may have potential clinical advantages in Head and Neck Surgery through the reduction of complications, volume of wound drainage and retention time of the drains. However, a paucity of high-quality trial-based evidence means that a surgical trial to determine the effectiveness of FS in reducing the rate and severity of complications in patients undergoing lateral neck dissection is warranted. The DEFeND randomised external pilot trial will address critical questions on how well key components of the proposed study design work together as well as the feasibility of a future phase III trial.

Methods
The study design that is being piloted is that of a two-arm, parallel group, superiority trial with block randomisation in a 1:1 allocation ratio. The interventional arm will constitute the application of FS (Artiss, Baxter Healthcare Ltd.) to the surgical wound following completion of a neck dissection procedure, in addition to standard of care (SOC). The control arm will constitute SOC alone. Eligible patients will include patients who require a lateral neck dissection with a minimum of three cervical nodal levels. Patients who require bilateral neck procedures or undergoing immediate reconstruction with free or regional flaps will be excluded. The outcomes being assessed will be recruitment rate, screened to randomisation rate, fidelity of blinding process using blinding indices, number of missing or incomplete data entries, number of protocol deviations and number of losses to follow-up. Suitability of the outcome measures proposed for the future phase III trial will also be assessed.

Discussion
The anticipated challenges for this study will be recruitment, complexity of the intervention and adherence to the protocol. The outcomes will inform the design, feasibility and conduct of a future phase III surgical trial.

Trial registration
First participant randomised: November 06, 2018; UKCRN Portfolio ID: 37896; ISRCTN99181100.
Role of I-scan technique in screening for lung cancer in smokers with positive sputum cytology
Authors: Abdelhady Ahmed Mohamed , Abdallah Dina Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer has a very poor prognosis and high mortality. Positive sputum for malignant and/or atypical cells warrants the need for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. White light bronchoscopy (WLB) is usually unable to detect preinvasive lesions; therefore, autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) was introduced as a gold standard for detecting such lesions. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of I-scan as a screening tool for cancer in smoker patients showing positive sputum cytology.ResultsNew suspicious findings under I-scan occurred in 11 patients (36.7%). The overall sensitivity of WLB alone to diagnose malignancy is 23.3%, in contrast to an added sensitivity of 50% when I-scan was combined with white light (pvalue < 0.05). The specificity of I-scan could not be assessed in the absence of control cases (true negatives). No major complications or deaths occurred. Haemorrhage and bronchospasm were the commonest minor complications.ConclusionsThe addition of I-scan to the routine white light examination can increase the overall sensitivity of bronchoscopic screening in cases of sputum suspicious for malignancy if put in experienced hand. The suggested increase in procedure duration due to the combined use of I-scan and white light bronchoscopy is not associated with life-threatening complications.
Glycemic Monitoring and Management in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J , Beck Roy W , Scioscia Maria F , Umpierrez Guillermo E , Tuttle Katherine R 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Glucose and insulin metabolism in patients with diabetes are profoundly altered by advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Risk of hypoglycemia is increased by failure of kidney gluconeogenesis, impaired insulin clearance by the kidney, defective insulin degradation due to uremia, increased erythrocyte glucose uptake during hemodialysis, impaired counterregulatory hormone responses (cortisol, growth hormone), nutritional deprivation, and variability of exposure to oral antihyperglycemic agents and exogenous insulin. Patients with end-stage kidney disease frequently experience wide glycemic excursions, with common occurrences of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Assessment of glycemia by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is hampered by a variety of CKD-associated conditions that can bias the measure either to the low or high range. Alternative glycemic biomarkers, such as glycated albumin or fructosamine, are not fully validated. Therefore, HbA1c remains the preferred glycemic biomarker despite its limitations. Based on observational data for associations with mortality and risks of hypoglycemia with intensive glycemic control regimens in advanced CKD, an HbA1c range of 7% to 8% appears to be the most favorable. Emerging data on the use of continuous glucose monitoring in this population suggest promise for more precise monitoring and treatment adjustments to permit fine-tuning of glycemic management in patients with diabetes and advanced CKD.
ApoB48-Lipoproteins Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Vine Donna F , Beilin Lawrence J , Burrows Sally , Huang Rae-Chi , Hickey Martha , Hart Roger , Proctor Spencer D , Mori Trevor A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have increased incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidemia. Atherogenic apolipoprotein (apo) B-lipoprotein remnants are associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of fasting plasma apoB-lipoprotein remnants, apoB48 and apoB100, and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors and androgen indices in adolescent girls with and without PCOS.

Design, setting and participants
Participants (n = 184) aged 17 years were recruited in the Menstruation in Teenagers Study from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study.

The main outcome measures
Fasting plasma apo-B48 and -B100 lipoprotein remnant concentrations in adolescent girls with and without PCOS.

Results
Fasting plasma apoB48-lipoprotein remnants but not apoB100-lipoprotein remnants were elevated in adolescent girls with increased cardiometabolic risk compared with those with lower cardiometabolic risk (13.91 ± 5.06 vs 12.09 ± 4.47 µg/mL, P &lt; .01). ApoB48-lipoprotein remnants were positively correlated with fasting plasma triglycerides (b = .43, P &lt; .0001). The prevalence of increased cardiometabolic risk factors was 2-fold higher in those diagnosed with PCOS (35.3%) than in those without PCOS (16.3%).Conclusion: Adolescents with PCOS have a 2-fold higher incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors than those without PCOS. Fasting apoB48-lipoprotein remnants are elevated in adolescent girls with a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of cognitive impairment on the risk of admission to long-term care after stroke
Authors: Shumba Jefrey , McLoughlin Affraic , Browne Lamorna , Schmid Alenka , Wren Maev-Ann , Hickey Anne , Kelly Peter , Bennett Kathleen , Rohde Daniela , Sexton Eithne 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Admission to long-term care (LTC) post-stroke can be a significant source of costs. Studies evaluating the effect of cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia on risk of LTC admission post-stroke have not been systematically reviewed. The aim of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the association between post-stroke CI/dementia and admission to LTC. Patients and methods: PubMed, PsycInfo and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched for peer-review articles in English published January 2000-June 2018. Included studies were population-based or hospital-based studies assessing the relationship between CI or dementia, and admission to LTC post-stroke. Abstracts were screened, followed by full-text review of potentially relevant articles. Relevant data was extracted using a standard form and the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used for quality appraisal. Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis and heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Results: 18 articles were included in the review and 12 in a meta-analysis. 14/18 studies adjusted for covariates including functional impairment. Increased odds of admission to LTC was associated with post-stroke CI [Odds Ratio (CI 95%): 2.36 (1.18, 4.71), I²=77%] and post-stroke dementia [Odds Ratio (CI 95%): 2.58 (1.38 to 4.82), I²=60%]. Discussion and conclusion: Post-stroke CI and dementia increase odds of admission to LTC post-stroke, independent of functional impairment. This indicates the potential for interventions that reduce post-stroke CI and dementia to also reduce risk of admission to LTC post-stroke, and ultimately costs.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals diverse gene expression changes in airway macrophages during experimental allergic airway disease
Authors: Branchett William J. , O'Garra Anne , Lloyd Clare M. 
Published: May 2020

Background: Airway macrophages (AMs) are the most abundant leukocytes in the healthy airway lumen and have a highly specialised but plastic phenotype that is governed by signals in the local microenvironment. AMs are thought to maintain immunological homeostasis in the steady state, but have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic airway disease (AAD). In this study, we aimed to better understand these potentially contrasting AM functions using transcriptomic analysis. Methods: Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on AMs flow cytometry sorted from C57BL/6 mice during experimental AAD driven by repeated house dust mite inhalation (AMsHDM), compared to control AMs from non-allergic mice. Differentially expressed genes were further analysed by hierarchical clustering and biological pathway analysis. Results: AMsHDM showed increased expression of genes associated with antigen presentation, inflammatory cell recruitment and tissue repair, including several chemokine and matrix metalloproteinase genes. This was accompanied by increased expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain subunit genes and the retinoic acid biosynthetic enzyme gene Raldh2. Conversely, AMsHDM displayed decreased expression of a number of cell cycle genes, genes related to cytoskeletal functions and a subset of genes implicated in antimicrobial innate immunity, such as Tlr5, Il18 and Tnf. Differential gene expression in AMsHDM was consistent with upstream effects of the cytokines IL-4 and IFN-γ, both of which were present at increased concentrations in lung tissue after HDM treatment. Conclusions: These data highlight diverse gene expression changes in the total AM population in a clinically relevant mouse model of AAD, collectively suggestive of contributions to inflammation and tissue repair/remodelling, but with decreases in certain steady state cellular and immunological functions.
Economies of Scale and Scope in Hospitals: An Empirical Study of Volume Spillovers
Authors: Freeman Michael , Savva Nicos , Scholtes Stefan 
Published: May 2020

General hospitals across the world are becoming larger (i.e., admitting more patients each year) and more complex (i.e., offering a wider range of services to patients with more diverse care needs). Prior work suggests that an increase in patient volume in a hospital service is associated with reduced costs per patient in that service. However, it is unclear how volume changes in one service affect the costs of the other services in the same hospital. This paper investigates such volume-cost spillover effects between elective and emergency admissions and across specialties, using condition-level panel data comprising all acute hospital trusts in England over a period of 10 years. We provide evidence that increased elective volume at a hospital is associated with an increase in the cost of emergency care (a negative spillover). Furthermore, for emergency admissions, we find evidence that increased emergency activity in one specialty is associated with lower costs of emergency care in other specialties (a positive spillover). By contrast, we find no evidence of spillover effects across specialties for elective admissions. We discuss the implications of these findings for individual hospital growth strategies and for the regional organization of hospital systems. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, operations management.
Configurações do mundo do trabalho e o processo saúde-doença dos trabalhadores docentes de enfermagem [Working world's configurations and the health-disease process of nursing teachers] [Configuraciones del mundo laboral y el proceso de salud-enfermedad de los trabajadores docentes de enfermería]
Authors: D'Oliveira Camila Arantes Ferreira Brecht , Souza Norma Valeria Dantas de Oliveira , Varella Thereza Christina Mó y Mó Loureiro , Almeida Priscila Francisca 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: analisar as repercussões do trabalho docente na saúde nos professores de enfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo e descritivo realizado com 27 docentes de duas universidades públicas federais do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e a técnica utilizada para o tratamento dos dados foi a análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: devido às novas configurações do trabalho docente, que pressiona por alta demanda laboral e, por sua vez, oferece inadequadas condições de trabalho, esta atividade favorece ao adoecimento desses profissionais, que em contrapartida, relegam a segundo plano o cuidado com a própria saúde. Conclusão: compromissos exigidos no dia a dia e a falta de qualidade no trabalho tornam a vida do docente cada vez mais afastada do seu autocuidado e com elevado potencial para o adoecimento.ABSTRACTObjective: to analyze the repercussions of teaching work on the health of nursing professors. Method: qualitative and descriptive study with 27 teachers from two federal public universities in Rio de Janeiro. The data collection took place through a semi-structured interview and the technique used for the data treatment was the thematic content analysis. Results: due to the new configurations of the teaching work, which presses for high labor demand and, in turn, offers inadequate working conditions, this profession favors the teaching sickness, which, on the other hand, relegate health care to the background. Conclusion: commitments required on a daily basis and lack of quality in the work make the life of the teacher increasingly removed from their self-care and with high potential for illness.RESUMENObjetivo: analizar las repercusiones del trabajo docente en la salud de los profesores de enfermería. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo realizado con 27 maestros de dos universidades públicas federales de Río de Janeiro. La recolección de datos ocurrió por medio de entrevista semiestructurada y la técnica utilizada para el tratamiento de los datos fue el análisis temático de contenido. Resultados: debido a las nuevas configuraciones del trabajo docente, que presiona por alta demanda laboral y, a su vez, ofrece inadecuadas condiciones de trabajo, esta profesión favorece al enfermo docente, que en contrapartida, relegan a segundo plano el cuidado con la propia salud. Conclusión: compromisos exigidos en el día a día y la falta de calidad en el trabajo hacen la vida del docente cada vez más alejada de su autocuidado y con elevado potencial para la enfermedad.