bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in and determinants of visiting private health facilities for maternal and child health care in Nepal: Comparison of three Nepal Demographic Health Surveys, 2006, 2011, and 2016.
Authors: Adhikari Ramesh Prasad , Shrestha Manisha Laxmi , Satinsky Emily N. , Upadhaya Nawaraj 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternal and child health care services are available in both public and private facilities in Nepal. No study has yet looked at trends in maternal and child health service use over time in Nepal. This paper assesses trends in and determinants of visiting private health facilities for maternal and child health needs using nationally representative data from the last three successive Nepal Demographic Health Surveys (NDHS). Methods: Data from the NDHS conducted in 2006, 2011, and 2016 were used. Maternal and child health-seeking was established using data on place of antenatal care (ANC), place of delivery, and place of treatment for child diarrhoea and fever/cough. Logistic regression models were fitted to identify trends in and determinants of health-seeking at private facilities. Results: The results indicate an increase in the use of private facilities for maternal and child health care over time. Across the three survey waves, women from the highest wealth quintile had the highest odds of accessing ANC services at private health facilities (AOR=6.0, CI= 3.78 -9.52 in 2006; AOR=5.6, CI= 3.51 – 8.81 in 2011; AOR=3.0, CI= 1.53 -5.91 in 2016). Women from the highest wealth quintile (AOR=8.3 CI= 3.97 – 17.42 in 2006; AOR=7.3, CI= 3.91 – 13.54 in 2011; AOR=3.3, CI= 1.54 – 7.09 in 2016) and women with more years of schooling (AOR=1.1, CI= 1.07 – 1.16 in 2006; AOR=1.1, CI= 1.04 – 1.14 in 2011; AOR=1.2, CI= 1.17 -1.27 in 2016) were more likely to deliver in private health facilities. Likewise, children belonging to the highest wealth quintile (AOR=6.4, CI= 1.59 – 25.85 in 2006; AOR=8.0, CI= 2.43 – 26.54 in 2016) were more likely to receive diarrhoea treatment in private health facilities.Conclusions: Women are increasingly visiting private health facilities for maternal and child health care in Nepal. Household wealth quintile, and the mother’s years of schooling were the major determinants for selecting private health facilities for these services. These trends indicate the importance of collaboration between private and public health facilities in Nepal to foster a public private partnership approach in the Nepalese health care sector.
Primary non-adherence to inhaled medications measured with e-prescription data from Poland
Authors: Kardas Grzegorz , Panek Michał , Kuna Piotr , Kardas Przemysław 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Treatment adherence greatly influences the clinical outcomes in various fields of medicine, including management of asthma and COPD. With the recent implementation of a nationwide e-Health solutions in Poland, new and unique opportunities for studying primary non-adherence in asthma and COPD emerged. The aim was to study primary non-adherence to inhaled medications available in Poland indicated in asthma and/or COPD and analyse the impact of patients’ demographics and inhalers’ characteristics (dry powder inhalers (DPIs) vs metered dose inhalers (MDIs) and presence of a dosage counter) on primary non-adherence. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all e-prescriptions issued in Poland in 2018 (n=119,880) from the national e-prescription pilot framework.Results: Primary non-adherence for inhalable medications reached 15.3%. It significantly differed among age groups – the lowest (10.8%) was in 75+ years-old patients, highest (18%) in 65-74 years-old patients. No gender differences in primary non-adherence were found. The highest non-adherence was observed for ICS + LABA combinations (18.86%). A significant difference was found MDI and DPI inhalers and between inhalers with/without a dosage counter.Conclusions: Out of e-prescriptions for inhaled medications issued in 2018 in Poland, 15.3% were not redeemed. The degree of primary non-adherence was influenced by age, but not gender. Significant differences between MDIs and DPIs and between inhalers with/without a dosage counter were observed.
Tuberculosis and HIV mortality in Russia
Authors: Tsybikovа E. B. , Son I. M. , Vlаdimirov A. V. 
Published: July 2020

The objective: to study changes in the structure of mortality from tuberculosis and HIV infection in Russia from 2000 to 2017.Subjects and methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the Russian population from tuberculosis and HIV infection (standardized ratio per 100,000 population) for 2000-2017 were studied. Data on the structure of patients with TB/HIV co-infection were obtained from Form no. 61 of the federal statistical monitoring for 2017.Results. In Russia, there has been a steady decrease in the mortality rate from tuberculosis, the value of which in 2017 reached 5.9 per 100,000 people. At the same time, the average values of the mortality rate from tuberculosis have shifted towards the older age groups reaching maximum values in the age group of 45 years and older. On the contrary, the analysis of mortality from HIV infection (2006-2017) detected its unprecedented increase from 1.6 to 12.6 per 100,000 population. The maximum concentration of mortality from HIV infection was observed in young age groups (35-44 years old). The increase in mortality from HIV infection was accompanied by a change in the structure of mortality from infectious diseases: the proportion of tuberculosis decreased from 79.1% (2000) to 27.4% (2017), and the proportion of HIV infection increased from 0.1% ( 2000) to 57.2% (2017). Currently, in Russia, mortality from HIV infection in young age groups has taken a leading position in the structure of causes of death from infectious diseases, displacing mortality from tuberculosis.
The influence of different sludge concentrations on its dewaterability during bioleaching
Authors: Yang Wenfeng , Zeng Liyuan , Zhang Weihao , Yang Qiyong , Wang Tianfeng , Xiong Houfeng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Bioleaching, a technologically and economically feasible technology, is considered as the high efficiency method to improve dewaterability in sewage sludge. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sludge concentrations on bioleaching dewaterability and understand the mechanism of the effect of bioleaching on sludge dewaterability. Variation in pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and different fractions of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) including slime EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were determined. Different sludge concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 g·L−1) were selected to investigate during bioleaching. Results indicated that sludge buffering capacity significantly inhibited bioleaching efficiency as sludge concentrations increased. Optimum enhancements in sludge dewaterability were observed during the 10 g·L−1 sludge concentration treatment, and reached a maximum when the pH was 2.11. The variation of different fractions of EPS revealed that the ratio of S-EPS/TB-EPS significantly affected sludge dewaterability. Principal component analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis both provided evidence that the higher TB-EPS followed by a very large reduction was positively correlated with sludge dewaterability. However, the increase of protein and DNA in S-EPS content was negatively correlated with sludge dewaterability.
PROTOCOLO CLÍNICO E LABORATORIAL NA REABILITAÇÃO ORAL COM PRÓTESE OBTURADORA E SATISFAÇÃO DO PACIENTE: CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Melo Laércio Almeida de , Paulo Miranda Silva Marcos , Henrique de Souza Moura José , Oliveira de Almeida Erika , Da Fonte Porto Carreiro Adriana 
Published: July 2020

Introdução: A enorme dificuldade de deglutição e fala apresentada em pacientes que sofreram maxilectomia total ou parcial por consequência de patologias bucais, afeta grande parte da população que realizou tal procedimento. A alternativa de minimizar o impacto causado pela sequela deixada após cirurgia em maxila está na confecção de um obturador palatino, que tem como objetivo obstruir a comunicação oronasal. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou descrever um relato de caso evidenciando o passo a passo clínico e laboratorial de uma prótese total obturadora. Método: Paciente do gênero masculino, maxilectomizado há 6 anos devido a presença de um Carcinoma Adenóide Cístico foi reabilitado com prótese total obturadora superior e prótese total convencional inferior. A reabilitação superior seguiu os mesmos passos de uma prótese total convencional, com exceção da moldagem funcional, na qual foi feita a moldagem da comunicação bucosinusal com silicona de condensação antes da moldagem do selado periférico e moldagem funcional propriamente dita. Na etapa laboratorial, foi necessária a realização de três prensagens a fim de deixar a prótese oca na porção obturadora. Resultados: O tratamento restabeleceu a dimensão vertical perdida, proporcionou uma oclusão adequada e se mostrou melhor esteticamente. Conclusões: Como conclusão, obteve-se uma prótese total obturadora superior com qualidades funcionais e estéticas satisfatórias. Ademais, ao comparar com a antiga, a nova possui um menor peso, favorecendo uma melhor retenção.
Phytochemical Characterization of Transilvanian Prunella vulgaris
Authors: Groşan Alexandra , Ștefănescu Ruxandra , Vari Camil-Eugen , Jîtcă George , Bătrânu Mădălina , Muntean Lucia Daniela 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Prunella vulgaris L. grows in spontaneous flora of Romania in wet places, fields, meadows, unpopulated areas, both in the sun and in the shade. The plant is rich in phenolic acids (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid), pentacyclic triterpenic compounds (ursolic, oleanolic, betulinic acid) and flavonoids (rutoside, quercetin). Prunella vulgaris L. has shown numerous pharmacological actions: antioxidant, anti-allergic, antimicrobial, immunostimulatory activities. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of the leaves and spike inflorescence of Prunella vulgaris L. collected from Romania. The polyphenol content in leaves was found to be 63.78 ± 2.01 mg GAE/g dry weight in the methanolic extract and 45.73 ± 13.87 mg GAE/g in the aqueous extract. In the spike inflorescence, total polyphenol content was 36.44 ± 6.73 mg GAE/g in the methanolic extract and 26.49 ± 2.97 mg GAE/g in the aqueous extract. The results from the antioxidant assays (DPPH and ABTS) were not significantly different between the two herbal drugs. Further studies are needed in order to quantify the active compounds.
Chronic use of PPIs as a potential cause of anemia: case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Podgajna Martyna , Mielnik Michał , Szudy-Szczyrek Aneta , Kuśmierczuk Kinga , Hus Marek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs commonly used for many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, erosive esophagitis, and peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum. Used for about 30 years, they are currently the most effective drugs that reduce the gastric secretion of hydrochloric acid. However, a dramatic increase in their consumption has been recently observed. Very often, they are used not in accordance with the guidelines. The consequences of the long-term use of PPIs may be various, with the most common side effects being bone fractures, cardiovascular events, recurrent infections, and vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Case report: An 82-year-old and a 58-year-old patients who had been taking omeprazole, a PPI for several years, developed vitamin B12 and iron deficiency anemia. Both patients were administered PPI orally for nonspecific dyspeptic symptoms. An evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract did not reveal the evident causes of gastrointestinal blood loss. They were also screened negative for Helicobacter pylori infection. Conclusions: There are no definitive pieces of evidence that the long-term use of PPIs can induce anemia, but our cases strongly suggest this thesis. Physicians should be aware of this potential side effect and consider monitoring in high-risk patients.
Metal-loaded zeolite remediation of soils contaminated with pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Hrenović Jasna , Dekić Svjetlana , Dikić Jelena , Kazazić Snježana , Durn Goran , Rajić Nevenka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Due to the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents, bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is nowadays a leading cause of nosocomial outbreaks. Clinically relevant A. baumannii outside hospital settings including natural soils affected by human waste represents a public-health risk for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of metal-loaded zeolites to eliminate viable A. baumannii from artificially contaminated natural soils. A. baumannii isolate was subjected to the activity of natural zeolitised tuff (NZ) and Cu-modified (CuNZ) or Ag-modified zeolite (AgNZ) in wet, slightly acidic terra rossa and slightly alkaline red palaeosol. A. baumannii survived in terra rossa and red palaeosol supplemented with 1 wt% of NZ for seven days and four months, respectively. The addition of 1 wt% of CuNZ to terra rossa and red palaeosol shortened the survival of A. baumannii to three and 14 days, respectively. The addition of 0.1 wt% of AgNZ to both soils resulted in complete removal of viable A. baumannii within 1 h of contact, while the total native heterotrophic bacterial counts remained high. Since AgNZ is prepared with a simple modification of cost-effective and environmentally friendly natural zeolite, it is a promising material for the remediation of soils contaminated with pandrug-resistant A. baumannii.
Superior protective effects of in vitro propagated green garlic against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Vinković Tomislav , Parađiković Nada , Kojić Monika Tkalec , Mendaš Gordana , Semren Tanja Živković , Gluščić Valentina , Vrček Ivana Vinković , Pavičić Ivan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Garlic is a valuable source material for medicines due to its known antitumor, hypolipidaemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. This study compares the protective effects of conventionally grown (CG) and in vitro propagated garlic (PG) against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and their antioxidant activity. Garlic used in this study was obtained by planting garlic cloves or by planting the transplants of PG directly in the field. At the end of the vegetation period, CG and PG were sampled and extracts prepared for the experiment. Compared to conventionally grown garlic bulbs, PG leafy part yielded significantly higher content of polyphenols, flavonoids and alliin, and also showed equal or higher antioxidant activity, measured by the cell viability test, GSH and ROS level. Moreover, PG can be produced in less time (shorter vegetation period) and with significantly less material (cloves). Significantly higher content of alliin, polyphenols, and flavonoids and significantly higher yield of plant biomass in PG has a great potential to become a new production model with improved garlic properties as a medicine material.
Influence of Drying Temperature on the Content of Bioactive Compounds in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Shoots as Well as Yield and Composition of Essential Oils
Authors: Matłok Natalia , Gorzelany Józef , Piechowiak Tomasz , Balawejder Maciej 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The study concerns the effects of drying process conditions (40, 50, 60°C) on the contents of bioactive compounds in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shoots as well as the yield and composition of essential oils. The obtained dry material was examined for the total contents of polyphenols and the antioxidant activity as well as the content of vitamin C. The material was examined by using the HS-SPME method, and the composition of the essential oils was determined using gas chromatography method (GC-MS). The highest contents of bioactive compounds were found in the material subjected to drying at 40°C. The highest yield of essential oils (0.63 ml 100 g−1 d.m. of the material) was obtained from the pine shoots dried at 40°C.
The Passio Corporalis and the Passio Animalis in Aquinas
Authors: Dugandzic Matthew 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Contemporary discussions of Aquinas’ understanding of the passions often mention the passio corporalis and the passio animalis, but no recent scholarship has paid close attention to what these terms mean, largely because many scholars wrongly assume that ‘passio animalis’ simply means the same thing as ‘passio animae’. However, this paper argues that ‘passio corporalis’ and ‘passio animalis’ are specialized terms that Aquinas uses in order to explain the ways in which Christ experienced suffering on earth. Furthermore, understanding these terms properly bears important implications for understanding the development of Aquinas’ thought on the passion of pain.
Thomas Aquinas on Human Beings as Image of God
Authors: Schoot Henk J.M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Employing a work of modern conceptual art, a manipulated photograph entitled ‘The Missing Person’, the author studies Thomas Aquinas on the concept of human beings as image of (the Triune) God. Typical for Aquinas’ approach is the theocentric focus of his Christian anthropology. The threefold (nature, grace, glory) ‘image of God’, a central and dynamic concept in Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae, is both descriptive and prescriptive in nature, corresponding to an account of both analogical naming of the divine ánd living according to the vocation to become more and more image of the Triune God.
Microregional patterns of corporate philanthropy: the role of economic structure and regional determinants
Authors: Halada Marek , Ženka Jan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We aim to describe and explain current differences in the rate of corporate philanthropy (CP) at microregional level. Primary research question is to what extent are microregional patterns of CP affected by determinants at firm and industry-level (firm size, industrial structure, profitability) and to what extent are they shaped by regional contextual factors. Measurement of CP was based on anonymized firm-level data provided by the Ministry of Finance, aggregated at the level of municipalities with extended powers (microregions). We employed a regression model to test the effects of population density, economic performance, specialization, dependence of manufacturing, firm size, traditional values and social capital. Surprisingly, we found no significant effects of firm size and industrial structure on regional CP. Firm’s profitability was the most important predictor. We found also positive effects of population density and religiosity and negative relationship between CP and regional economic performance. Despite initial expectations higher rate of CP was not found in rural regions.
Reformation and the end of Christendom: two visions
Authors: Duffy Eamon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This article reveals the complex dimensions which make it impossible to speak singularly of ‘the Reformation’. Martin Luther's reforming activity gave rise to conflicting visions of the Church, which are impossible now to resolve. The article traces the trajectory of the English Reformation through the figures of Thomas More and William Tyndale. Although both convinced of the need for reform, More was opposed to Tyndale's approach, which he perceived would lead to the breakdown of order into anarchy. The outworking of this signals the end of Christendom, and has led to continuing mutual incompatibility.
Product Branding and Consumer Loyalty in Telecommunication Industry
Authors: Akpoviroro Kowo Solomon , Amos Akinbola Olufemi , Oladipo Akinrinola Olalekan , Adewale Adegbite Ganiu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Research Purpose. With fierce competition and saturated marketing in Nigeria, telecom operators must work hard to reduce cost, win new customers, and most importantly, retain the existing ones. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between product branding and consumer loyalty in the Nigerian telecommunication industry.

Design / Methodology / Approach. This research employed survey research design. Primary data was adopted with the aid of a questionnaire administered to the customers of three major telecommunication companies in Nigeria (MTN, AIRTEL and GLOBACOM) residing in Lagos State. The population of the study was 172, the sample size was 120, which were determined using the simple computation method. The study made use of statistical tools that include: analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficient and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 17.0.

Findings. The results of this study confirm with the existing literature that product branding as a feature has a significant effect on product. The study found out that there exists a significant relationship between product branding and consumer loyalty in the Nigerian telecommunication industry. Consequently, from the practical perspective, telecommunication firms should expand their network coverage, improve the quality of service and provide better access to other networks within and outside Nigeria.

Originality / Value / Practical implications. The study seeks to contribute to existing literature on product branding and customer loyalty. The paper contributes in clarifying that telecom providers in Nigeria must make product branding as a very important aspect of its marketing strategy and it must be given a serious approach, because it goes a long way to determine the success or failure of the product offer to the market, the firm in question and its ability to achieve consumer loyalty
Explaining Inconsistencies in the Education Distributions of Ten Cross-National Surveys – the Role of Methodological Survey Characteristics
Authors: Ortmanns Verena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Surveys measuring the same concept using the same measure on the same population at the same point in time should result in highly similar results. If this is not the case, this is a strong sign of lacking reliability, resulting in non-comparable data across surveys. Looking at the education variable, previous research has identified inconsistencies in the distributions of harmonised education variables, using the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), across surveys within the same countries and years. These inconsistencies are commonly explained by differences in the measurement, especially in the response categories of the education question, and in the harmonisation when classifying country-specific education categories into ISCED. However, other methodological characteristics of surveys, which we regard as ‘containers’ for several characteristics, may also contribute to this finding. We compare the education distributions of nine cross-national surveys with the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), which is used as benchmark. This study analyses 15 survey characteristics to better explain the inconsistencies. The results confirm a predominant effect of the measurement instrument and harmonisation. Different sampling designs also explain inconsistencies, but to a lesser degree. Finally, we discuss the results and limitations of the study and provide ideas for improving data comparability.