bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Contexts in Science and Mathematics Teaching to Young Children
Authors: Obiakor Gina C. , Obiakor Kristen E. , Obiakor Charles C. , Obiakor Festus E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Science and mathematics have international and global origins and impacts that are intertwined with national origin, race, culture, religion, language, and gender, to mention a few. This means that scientific and mathematical knowledge goes beyond myopic narrow confines. Put another way, teaching science and mathematics without explicating their phenomenal foundations and influences is tantamount to “scotching the snake, but not killing it.” In this article, we use cases to discuss cultural contexts in teaching science and mathematics. Embedded in our discussion are issues of teacher preparation, innovative teaching, and disparities in public health and environmental health.
Tourist-Sein oder nicht Tourist-Sein?
Authors: Reif Julian , Harms Tim , Eisenstein Bernd 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Sozialfigur „Tourist“ genießt sowohl in der akademischen als auch in der populärwissenschaftlichen Literatur mehrheitlich keinen guten Ruf. Die mit ihr verbundenen negativen Konnotationen sind zahlreich und umfassen ebenso Adjektive wie auch Tierbezeichnungen oder konkrete Verhaltensweisen und Praktiken. Gleichwohl ist ein Mangel an empirischen Daten und Belegen festzustellen. So könnte beispielsweise eine differenziertere Betrachtungsweise unterschiedlich kritischer Gruppen eine Bereicherung für die Diskussion rund um den Themenbereich Overtourism und einen weiteren Schritt zum besseren Verständnis der Genese der (vermeintlich) schlechten Reputation des Touristen darstellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt Ergebnisse einer bundesweit repräsentativen Erhebung vor. Ziel der Befragung war es, empirische Daten und Erkenntnisse zu den Konnotationen, die die deutsche Bevölkerung mit dem Begriff „Tourist“ verbinden, zu gewinnen. Die Ergebnisse sind teilweise überraschend: Offenbar ist der Ruf des Touristen – zumindest teilweise – besser als erwartet.
Community Resilience in Urban Tourist Destinations
Authors: Erdmenger Eva 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
In Anbetracht des kontinuierlich steigenden Besucherdrucks auf urbane Destinationen und der damit einhergehenden Medienberichterstattung über Overtourism, werden Analysen über die Toleranz und Resilienz der belasteten Gemeinden essentiell für die Tourismusforschung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst basierend auf einer Literaturanalyse diverse Modelle zur Community Resilience und zum Social Capital in urbanen Destinationen zusammengetragen. Anschließend werden zwei Fallbeispiele – Kopenhagen und München – mittels der qualitativen Analyse diverser Expertengespräche präsentiert und auf deren Kohärenz mit dem zuvor entwickelten Modell getestet. Als Resultat werden diverse Faktoren hervorgehoben, die das Social Capital der Gemeinden urbaner Destinationen beeinflussen und die Resilienz gegenüber wachsenden Touristenzahlen damit einhergehend stärken.
Synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescence of the salts Cation+ [M(caffeine)Cl]− with Cation+=N
n
Bu4
+, AsPh4
+ and M==Zn(II), Pt(II)
Authors: Vogler Arnd , Hischa Birgit , Stempfhuber Sabine 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The salts (N
n
Bu4)[Zn(caffeine)Cl3] and (AsPh4)[Pt(caffeine)Cl3] were prepared and their crystal structures determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The free ligand caffeine, as well as the complex anions [M(II)(caffeine)Cl3]− with M = Zn and Pt show an absorption spectrum with an intense band at λ
max = 275 nm, which is attributed to an IL π–π* transition of the caffeine. A second band at ca. 300 nm is much weaker and largely obscured by the π–π* band. This second band is assigned to an IL n–π* transition. Both complex anions exhibit a photoluminescence (fluorescence), which originates from the n–π* state. The position of the n–π* state is recognized by the excitation band which distinctly overlaps with the fluorescence band.
Multi-objective optimization and decision visualization of batch stirred tank reactor based on spherical catalyst particles
Authors: Žilinskas Antanas , Baronas Romas , Litvinas Linas , Petkevičius Linas 
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a Bayesian approach rooted algorithm oriented to the properties of multi-objective optimization problems. The performance of the developed algorithm is compared with several other multi-objective optimization algorithms. The approach is applied to the multiobjective optimization of a batch stirred tank reactor based on spherical catalyst microreactors. The microbioreactors are computationally modeled by a two-compartment model based on reaction–diffusion equations containing a nonlinear term related to the Michaelis–Menten enzyme kinetics. A two-stage visualization procedure based on the multi-dimensional scaling is proposed and applied for the visualization of trade-off solutions and for the selection of favorable configurations of the bioreactor.
New theorems on extended b-metric spaces under new contractions
Authors: Mukheimer Aiman , Mlaiki Nabil , Abodayeh Kamal , Shatanawi Wasfi 
Published: November 2019

The notion of extended b-metric space plays an important role in the field of applied analysis to construct new theorems in the field of fixed point theory. In this paper, we construct and prove new theorems in the filed of fixed point theorems under some new contractions. Our results extend and modify many existing results in the literature. Also, we provide an example to show the validity of our results. Moreover, we apply our result to solve the existence and uniqueness of such equations.
Existence theory for nonlocal boundary value problems involving mixed fractional derivatives
Authors: Ahmad Bashir , Ntouyas K. , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we develop the existence theory for a new kind of nonlocal three-point boundary value problems for differential equations and inclusions involving both left Caputo and right Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives. The Banach and Krasnoselskii fixed point theorems and the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative are used to obtain the desired results for the singlevalued problem. The existence of solutions for the multivalued problem concerning the upper semicontinuous and Lipschitz cases is proved by applying nonlinear alternative for Kakutani maps and Covitz and Nadler fixed point theorem. Examples illustrating the main results are also presented.
Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) Reduces the Rectal Temperature of Diphteria-Pertussis-Tetanus Vaccine-Induced Mice
Authors: Prabowo Yudha , Saptarini Nyi M. , Sumiwi Sri A. , Levita Jutti , Wicaksono Imam A. , Moektiwardoyo Moelyono 
Published: November 2019

The pharmacological activities of Plecranthus sp include anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, inhibition on cyclooxygenase (COX) and xanthine oxidase, and cytotoxic activity. The aim of this work was to study the antipyretic activity of P. scutellarioides (L.) extract on animal model. Twenty seven Swiss Webster male mice were divided into nine groups and were pyrexia-induced by using 0.1 ml of diphteria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) vaccine. Their body temperature was measured every 60 minutes. After 4 hours of DPT vaccine injection, the mice were treated with (I) Arabic gum suspension (PGA) 2%; (II) paracetamol 16.25 mg/kg BW; (III) paracetamol 32.5 mg/kg BW; (IV) paracetamol 65 mg/kg BW; (V) paracetamol 130 mg/kg BW; (VI) P. scutellarioides extract 70 mg/kg BW; (VII) P. scutellarioides extract 140 mg/kg BW; (VIII) P. scutellarioides extract 280 mg/kg BW; (IX) P. scutellarioides extract 560 mg/kg BW. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Result showed that the body temperature of the mice started to rise at 2.5 hours and reached its peak at 4 hours after vaccine induction. The P. scutellarioides extract dose 280 mg/kg of BW indicated an 80.47% decrease (α= 0.05) compared to paracetamol dose 130 mg/kg of BW which decreases 85.43% of the animals’ fever. Interestingly, higher dose of the extract indicated a decrease in the antipyretic effect. We concluded that P. scutellarioides might possess antipyretic activity which started as early as 5 hours post vaccine-induced and was maintained for 3 hours. This plant needs further scientific exploration Keywords: Diphteria-pertusis-tetanus vaccine, anti-pyretic, rectal temperature, Webster mice
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Marine Sponge Aaptos sp. to the Plasma Interleukin-1β Level in Wistar Male Rats
Authors: Fristiyohadi Adryan , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Kalimin Wa OIL. , Permana La OMJ. , Saripuddin Saripuddin , Sahidin Idin 
Published: November 2019

Inflammation is the response of the body to injury and infection characterized by swelling, heat, pain, and redness. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Aaptos sp. ethanolic extract to plasma interleukin (IL)-1β level of Wistar male rats. Aaptos sp. was macerated with 96% ethanol for 3 x 24 hours. Inflammation was induced with administration of 1% carrageenan intraplantarly. Animals were divided into 5 treatment groups, i.e., positive control (diclofenac sodium 3598 ppm); Aaptos sp extract 50 ppm; Aaptos sp extract 100 ppm Aaptos sp extract 200 ppm; and negative control (0.5% Na CMC). After 1 hour, blood was collected and assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results showed that plasma IL-1β levels of animals were decreased by Aaptos sp ethanolic extract. The administration of 50 ppm of extract showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in IL-1β level in first and second hour measurement, but indicated a statistically significant decrease after three hour (p<0.05). The administration of 100 ppm of extract showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in every hour. Significant reduction was observed in the administration of 200 ppm of extract, but the elevation of IL-1β levels was also observed at third hour measurement. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Aaptos sp. had anti-inflammatory activity and its effective dose was 50 ppm.
ZONASI DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MANGROVE DI PESISIR KABUPATEN MERAUKE
Authors: Rahmania Rinny , Sunarni Sunarni , Maturbongs Modesta Ranny , Arifin Taslim 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui zonasi dan struktur ekosistem mangrove di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Merauke tepatnya di Pantai Payumb Distrik Merauke, Pantai Nasem Distrik Naukenjerai dan muara sungai Kumbe Distrik Semangga pada bulan Oktober 2015. Pantai Nasem dan Pantai Payumb dibagi menjadi 2 zona pengambilan sampling sedangkan stasiun muara Sungai Kumbe dibagi menjadi 3 zona. Ukuran transek 100-150m tegak lurus garis pantai dengan ukuran plot 10x10m2. Pada setiap plot sampling dilakukan perhitungan kerapatan jenis, frekuensi jenis dan indeks dominansi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 15 jenis mangrove yang tersebar di ketiga stasiun yaitu Pantai Nasem 7 spesies, Pantai Payumb 9 spesies dan muara Sungai Kumbe 13 spesies. Vegetasi mangrove di kawasan penelitian disusun oleh 8 genus dan 15 jenis mangrove. Berdasarkan dominansi jenis vegetasi mangrove, kondisi komunitas di stasiun Pantai Nasem dan Pantai Payumb termasuk dalam kriteria labil dengan tipe substrat berpasir dan dominansi genus Avicennia. Sebaliknya stasiun muara Sungai Kumbe memiliki kondisi komunitas vegetasi yang stabil dengan tipe substrat berlumpur dan dominansi genus Rhizophora. Zonasi ekosistem mangrove pada area pesisir Kabupaten Merauke terdiri dari dua tipe zonasi. Pada daerah pesisir yang berhadapan langsung dengan laut, genus Avicennia merupakan pioneer dalam membentuk zonasi vegetasi mengrove. Sebaliknya pada daerah sungai, genus Rhizophora menjadi pioneer membentuk zonasi pada kedua sisi badan sungai.
DESIGN SPECIAL SCHOOL MATERIAL FOR THE STUDENTS WITH VISUAL DISABILITY USING ( THE KURDISH LANGUAGE FIRST TIME WITH BRAILLE IN THE WORLD ) AND BARCODE TECHNOLOGY
Authors: A. Al-Jaleeli Yasar 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: It has been presented by the researcher in this paper to be relied upon in the design of curricula for visually impaired people using barcode technology in The Kurdish region and the Kurdish speakers, in this paper the researcher use the Kurdish language with the Braille first time in the world and he hopes to add this language to usage of Braille in the next modifying in UNESCO organization because of it is now the second official language in Iraqi law.
Methodology: In these study characters of the Kurdish language has been investigated. Students with visual disabilities in the form of various groups gathered to be taught using the signs of Kurdish language. Their progress during this effort has been reported through this article
Results: Braille is not exclusive to people without another. It is an easy-to-read and writes tool for people with visual impairments. Although the Kurdish population is more than 30 million, their language is not mentioned in the UNESCO Guide until 2018.
FORMATION OF STUDENTS' MOTIVATION TO STUDY BUSINESS ENGLISH
Authors: Nailevna Sirazieva Zarina , Faridovna Dulmuhametova Gulnara , Faritovna Gali Gulnara 
Published: November 2019

Purpose of the study: The article describes the view of authors to the formation of students' motivation to study Business English.
Methodology: In the research, the authors investigate a number of tasks that teachers need to solve in the course of formation of students' motivation. The article shows the analysis of category of motivation in Russian and foreign pedagogics, studies the concept of educational motives and conditions of emergence of motivation in pedagogical process.
Results: The authors theoretically describe the problem of the formation of students' motivation to study Business English, the model of formation of motivation, pedagogical conditions that make effective impact on increase in students' motivation when they study Business English. The article describes experimental work on efficiency check of formation model of students' motivation to study Business English.
Applications of this study: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality of this study: In this research, the model of the Formation of Students' Motivation to Study Business English is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
Model Simulation for the Spread of Rabies in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Taib Nur Asheila , Labadin Jane , Piau Phang 
Published: November 2019

There is a growing concern over the ongoing rabies epidemic in Sarawak that has remain unresolved ever since the outbreak began in July 2017. As of today, there has been 18 positive human rabies cases reported, which includes 17 fatalities, and one survivor who is now on life support after a severe neurological complications. Subsequently, the death rate now stands at approximately 94%. This paper is a preliminary report on the simulation of rabies transmission dynamics in Sarawak. At present, research is still lacking on the disease dynamics of rabies in Malaysia particularly in the state of Sarawak. We propose here a deterministic, compartmental model with SEIRS framework to fit actual data on the number of human infected rabies cases in Sarawak from June 2017 to January 2019. The simulation predicts that rabies in Sarawak will persist even with the current outbreak management and control efforts. Further, sensitivity analysis showed that dog vaccination rate is the most influential parameter and the basic reproduction number is estimated to be higher than 1. Henceforth, there is a need to increase the access to dog vaccines especially in remote rural areas with lack of health facilities. Our findings also suggest that controlling dog births could prevent the spread of rabies from perpetuating in the state. Neutering or using other fertility control methods would reduce the input of new susceptible domestic dogs into the population while Trap-Neuter-Vaccinate-Release (TNVR) method can be implemented to control new births of free-roaming strays. In summary, increasing the coverage of dog vaccination and reducing the number newborn dogs would be the more effective strategies to manage the current rabies outbreak in Sarawak.
The Effect of the Addition of “Senduduk” leaves (Melastoma malabthricum) on The Characteristic of Crackers
Authors: Sayuti Kesuma , Permata Deivy Andhika , Novita Oni 
Published: November 2019

Many studies reported that “Senduduk” leaves have a bioactive component, but the utilization has not optimal. This study aimed to determine the effect of the addition of “Senduduk” leaves on the characteristics of crackers. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments, that was the addition of leaves (A; 0%, B; 4%, C; 6%, D; 8%, and E; 10%) and 3 replications. It was conducted in two stages. The first step was to determine the products that were well accepted (score â‰¥ 3.5) by using sensory analysis. The second step was the chemical analysis of the products. The Data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DMNRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results of the sensory analysis showed that all treatments were acceptable in color, crispness, and taste (score â‰¥ 3.5). There are significant differences between the treatment on the moisture content, ash content, free fatty acid levels, and no significant difference between the treatment on the fat content and protein content. The best product was the addition of 8% leaves, with moisture content 3.84% ± 0.57; ash content 1.46% ± 0.02; fat content 21.86% ± 0.43; free fatty acids content 0.16% ± 0.02; protein content 8.93% ± 0.48; tannin 0.063% ± 0.03; quercitrin 2.74 ppm, and antioxidant activity (IC50) 7,013 ± 124.56 ppm and the mean value of sensory analysis were, 3.92 ± 0.81 of color, 4.24 ± 0.66 of crispness and 3.60 ± 0.71 of taste.
Legitimidad y organismos internacionales
Authors: Oviedo Nicolás Ignacio 
Published: November 2019

En este trabajo sopesamos la importancia de la legitimidad para los organismos internacionales. Primeramente, ofrecemos una aproximación al concepto de legitimidad en el plano internacional y sintetizamos el enfoque liberal-institucionalista. En síntesis, argumentaremos que la legitimidad es un componente crítico de lo que John Ikenberry denomina orden constitucional. Ese orden, a su vez, brinda una serie de beneficios funcionales que sólo pueden ser explotados mediante un entramado institucional, especialmente vía el accionar de organismos internacionales. Por otra parte, postularemos que la legitimidad es en última instancia la génesis del poder institucional tal como lo entienden Barnett y Duvall. En tanto es un atributo pívot de un tipo puro de poder, materializable a través del arreglo institucional encarnado en los organismos internacionales, su importancia es considerable. Finalmente, ilustraremos los argumentos teóricos apelando al tópico de los Derechos Humanos pues oficia como prueba empírica de la importancia de la legitimación. Cuando los organismos asociados se hallan legitimados, avances en esa agenda se producen. Por el contrario, cuando el multilateralismo y sus instituciones son puestas en tela de juicio, los acuerdos se fracturan, los organismos pierden atribuciones y el papel protagónico vuelve a ser monopolizado por la distribución de capacidades relativas entre Estados.
Prepared for PrEP: Preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among Chinese men who have sex with men in an online national survey
Authors: Huang Wenting , Wu Dan , Ong Jason O. , Smith M. Kumi , Yang Fan , Fu Hongyun , Tang Weiming , Tucker Joseph D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is not widely available in China. Previous studies reported low awareness and inconclusive findings on the acceptability of PrEP among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of an online national survey comparing preferences for oral and long-acting injectable PrEP among MSM and identifying correlates of preferences. Results: Nine-hundred and seventy-nine men from the larger sample of 1045 men responded to the PrEP survey questions. Most men (81.9%) had never heard of PrEP, but reported interest in using PrEP. More participants chose injectable PrEP (36.3%) as their preferred formulation than oral PrEP (24.6%). Men who had at least two HIV tests (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95%CI 1.04, 1.78) more commonly preferred injectable PrEP. Conclusion: Our findings may help inform PrEP messaging in areas where PrEP has yet to be scaled up.
Effectiveness of Checklist based Box system Interventions (CBBSI) versus routine care on improving utilization of Maternal Health Service in North West, Ethiopia: Study protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Belete Netsanet , Gerbaba Mulusew , Tura Gurmesa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background - Maternal mortality is still high in Ethiopia. Antenatal care, use of skilled delivery and postnatal care are key maternal health care services that can significantly reduce maternal mortality. However, in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia, utilization of these key services are not enough to deliver the recommended preventive, promotive and curative services. The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions on improving maternal health service utilization. Methods - A community level cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted to compare the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions over the routine standard of care. The intervention will use health extension program and provided by health extension workers and midwives, using a special type of health education scheduling and service utilization monitoring boxes, placed at health posts and health centers respectively. For this, 1,200 pregnant mothers, below 16 weeks of gestation, will be recruited from 30 clusters. Suspected pregnant mothers will be identified through a community survey and linked to the nearby health center. In a two weeks base, review of dropouts will be conducted at each intervention health center. Then intervention health posts (supervised by intervention health center) will be communicated for each dropout. Then, health extension workers will provide health education, using a person-centered manual prepared for this purpose. Data will be collected using ODK-Collect and analyzed using STATA version 13.0. Data will be analyzed by intention to treat analysis. Risk ration will be computed at cluster level and the summary will be compared using t-test. Outcomes between intervention and control groups will be compared with random effects logistic regression models. Discussion - The authors of this study expect that, the study will generate evidence on the effectiveness of checklist based box system interventions on improving utilization of maternal health care service, that are strong enough to inform policies in the country.