bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the Zanskar Valley, Northwestern Himalaya, India
Authors: Ali Sheikh Nawaz , Agrawal Shailesh , Sharma Anupam , Phartiyal Binita , Morthekai Paulramasamy , Govil Pawan , Bhushan Ravi , Farooqui Shazi , Jena Partha Sarathi , Shivam Ajay 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA 1.3-m-long sediment core from the Penzi-la pass, Zanskar Valley, provides a record of hydroclimatic conditions and abrupt climate changes over short time scales since the mid-Holocene. These climatic changes of centennial time scale are crucial to understanding the hydroclimatic variability in northwestern (NW) Himalaya. Relatively higher δ13C values complemented by total organic carbon, loss on ignition, grain size parameters, and lower Rubidium/Strontium ratios during the Late Northgrippian imply that the area had a dry climate during the period from ~6200–4500 cal yr BP. Subsequently, a relatively stable hydroclimatic environment was experienced between ~4500 and 3400 cal yr BP. After ~3400 cal yr BP the multiproxy data show gradual strengthening of hydroclimatic conditions, however, this trend is interrupted by high-amplitude abrupt reversals (dry events) with a stepwise decreasing intensity at ~3300, 2600, 1700, and 400 cal yr BP. The two most important climatic events of the last millennia (i.e., Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age) were also recorded from the sedimentary archive. Overall, our data show a progressive increase in the moisture availability in the Zanskar Valley and are in agreement with the late Holocene climatic trends of central and western Himalaya.
CONTRACTS, ILLEGALITY AND COMITY: RALLI BROS REVISITED
Authors: Day William 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere has always been considerable uncertainty about the nature and scope of the rule by which contractual performance is excused if illegal in the place of performance, even though performance would not be illegal by the contract's governing law. This article revisits the so-called “Ralli Bros rule” and looks at how the scope of the rule has been developed and its nature misunderstood. It argues that the rule is neither a choice of law rule nor part of the rules discharging a contract for frustration but is instead a public policy rule favouring judicial abstention for reasons of comity. This has implications for how the rule interacts with the choice of law rules for contracts under the Rome Convention and the Rome I Regulation.
Cognitive remediation for inpatients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cella Matteo , Price Tom , Corboy Holly , Onwumere Juliana , Shergill Sukhi , Preti Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCognitive difficulties are common in people with psychosis and associated with considerable disability. Cognitive remediation (CR) can reduce the burden of cognitive difficulties and improve functioning. While mental health care has predominantly shifted to the community, people with greater illness severity and complexity, and those with poor response to treatment and concomitant greater cognitive difficulties, continue to receive inpatient care. The aim of this study is to review and evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of CR for inpatients with psychosis. A systematic search was used to identify randomized controlled trials of CR for inpatients with psychosis. Demographic and clinical information was extracted by independent raters together with therapy outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Standardized mean change for cognitive and functional outcomes was calculated using Hedges's g and used to infer therapy effects with meta-analysis. Twenty studies were identified considering 1509 participants. Results from random-effect models suggested that CR was effective in improving processing speed (g = 0.48), memory (g = 0.48) and working memory (g = 0.56). While there was an indication of improvements in the levels of vocational, social and global functioning, these were less reliable. On average, 7% of participants dropped-out of treatment. Studies methodological quality was moderate. CR is an acceptable intervention for inpatients with psychosis and can lead to significant cognitive improvements. Evidence for improvement in functioning requires more robust and converging evidence. Future research should extend the evaluation of inpatient CR to subsequent post-discharge community functioning and further need for care.
Integrating perspectives: How the development of second-personal competence lays the foundation for a second-personal morality
Authors: Corbit John , Moore Chris 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The integration of first-, second-, and third-personal information within joint intentional collaboration provides the foundation for broad-based second-personal morality. We offer two additions to this framework: a description of the developmental process through which second-personal competence emerges from early triadic interactions, and empirical evidence that collaboration with a concrete goal may provide an essential focal point for this integrative process.
The moral obligations of conflict and resistance
Authors: Killen Melanie , Dahl Audun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMorality has two key features: (1) moral judgments are not solely determined by what your group thinks, and (2) moral judgments are often applied to members of other groups as well as your own group. Cooperative motives do not explain how young children reject unfairness, and assert moral obligations, both inside and outside their groups. Resistance and experience with conflicts, alongside cooperation, is key to the emergence and development of moral obligation.
Conflicting obligations in human social life
Authors: Hirsh Jacob B. , Shteynberg Garriy , Gelfand Michele J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTomasello describes how the sense of moral obligation emerges from a shared perspective with collaborative partners and in-group members. Our commentary expands this framework to accommodate multiple social identities, where the normative standards associated with diverse group memberships can often conflict with one another. Reconciling these conflicting obligations is argued to be a central part of human morality.
Cooperation and obligation in early parent-child relationships
Authors: Thompson Ross A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTomasello's moral psychology of obligation would be developmentally deepened by greater attention to early experiences of cooperation and shared social agency between parents and infants, evolved to promote infant survival. They provide a foundation for developing understanding of the mutual obligations of close relationships that contribute (alongside peer experiences) to growing collaborative skills, fairness expectations, and fidelity to social norms.
Influence of CNT-based Nanocomposites in Dynamic Performance of Redundant Articulated Robot
Authors: Saravana Mohan M. , Samuel Ratna Kumar P. S. 
Published: April 2020

SUMMARYIn this study, AA5083-reinforced multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) nanocomposites were selected as the alternate material for a redundant articulated robot (RAR) design by varying the composition of MWCNT wt%. By assigning AA5083-reinforced MWCNT as a custom material to the parts of RAR developed by Solid Works and exported to MATLAB/SimMechanics platform to convert the model into multi-body system blocks. The dynamic parameter torque was observed utilising simulation capability in a SimMechanics second-generation environment. The simulation results inferred that AA5083 reinforced with increased wt% of MWCNT has better properties suitable for RAR design.
Speaking of your own repertoire: an investigation of music performance during practice
Authors: Song Moo Kyoung , Kim You Jin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore musicians’ approaches to performance during practice and identify the factors that underpinned their approaches. We hypothesised that musicians would be able to recall their focus, knowledge and thoughts of their own repertoire during music performance and that such data would reveal musicians’ cognitive behaviours during the performance. By analysing musicians’ retrospective verbal protocols, we found that musicians used four main reasoning processes –study, static analysis, intuitionandperformer’s analysis –in their approach to music performance. The findings show that musicians utilise multiple cognitive behaviours for music performance. The implications for instrumental music teaching are discussed.
Orpheus's Civilising Song, or, the Politics of Voice in Late Enlightenment Italy
Authors: Peritz Jessica Gabriel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article explores new conceptions of voice in late eighteenth-century Italy as expressed in discourses connected with opera reform. Inspired by the convergence of Enlightenment epistemologies of feeling and neoclassical aesthetics, certain progressive singers and literati sought to rebrand the singing voice as an agent of moral and political edification. Here, this ideology-laden project is traced through two conflicting representations of singer-poets, both of whom wield the power of lyric song to achieve political ends. First, the article unpacks Giuseppe Millico's narrative of his performance as Gluck's Orfeo (published in Naples in 1782), in which the singer argues for voice as audible interiority and, as such, a warrant of political subjectivity. It then turns to a reading of Gastone della Torre di Rezzonico's libretto for Giuseppe Sarti's dramma per musicaAlessandro e Timoteo(Parma, 1782), in which voice transforms into an instrument of anti-absolutist critique. The article concludes by considering how these two modes of voice were imagined, together, as capable of revivifying Italian culture.
On testing for seed sample heterogeneity with the exact probability distribution of the germination count range
Authors: da Silva Anderson Rodrigo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSeed lot heterogeneity is often evaluated through the range between germination percentages of four seed samples, considering normal and binomial approximations for calculating the tolerated range (S). In this paper, an exact test for the germination count range (R) is derived based on the hypergeometric and the binomial probability model for germination count. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the empirical distribution of R is built to evaluate the quantiles of the exact distributions. Moreover, a power analysis is performed by simulation. Sample size and germination rate effects are evaluated. In lots with a high germination rate, the proposed test based on the hypergeometric model is about 20% more powerful than the test based on the S-value. A table containing the critical values is presented and recommended to be used in off-range heterogeneity testing.
The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Month of Bioethics in Finland
Authors: HÄYRY MATTI 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe role of bioethicists amidst crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is not well defined. As professionals in the field, they should respond, but how? The observation of the early days of pandemic confinement in Finland showed that moral philosophers with limited experience in bioethics tended to apply their favorite theories to public decisions, with varying results. Medical ethicists were more likely to lend support to the public authorities by soothing or descriptive accounts of the solutions assumed. These are approaches that Tuija Takala has called the firefighting and window dressing models of bioethics. Human rights lawyers drew attention to the flaws of the government’s regulative thinking. Critical bioethicists offered analyses of the arguments presented and the moral and political theories that could be used as the basis of good and acceptable decisions.
The protective effect of chrysin against carbon tetrachloride-induced	kidney and liver tissue damage in rats
Authors: Baykalir Burcu Gul , Arslan Aslihan Sur , Mutlu Seda Iflazoglu , Parlak Ak Tuba , Seven Ismail , Seven Pinar Tatli , Yaman Mine , Gul Huseyin Fatih 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of chrysin on oxidative status and histological alterations against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney tissue in rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups; the control, chrysin (100 mg/kg), CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) and chrysin + CCl4 groups. Liver and kidney injuries were assessed by biochemical and histopathological examinations. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in tissues. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were also measured in blood samples. MDA, serum TNF-α, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher, and SOD activity and GSH level were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Treatment with chrysin in the chrysin + CCl4 group decreased MDA, AST, ALT, creatinine, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05), and increased SOD activity, GSH levels (p < 0.05), and serum TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). In addition, body weight change (BWC) (p < 0.05) and feed intake (FI) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Moreover, treatment with chrysin increased BWC and FI in the chrysin + CCl4 group compared with that in the CCl4 group. These findings also confirmed by histopathological examination. The chrysin treatment ameliorated the CCl4-induced biochemical and pathological alterations. These results demonstrated that chrysin provided amelioration on the rat liver and kidney tissues CCl4-induced injury by increasing the antioxidant activity.
Spectral Properties and Physical Extent of Pyroclastic Deposits on Mercury: Variability Within Selected Deposits and Implications for Explosive Volcanism
Authors: Besse S. , Doressoundiram A. , Barraud O. , Griton L. , Cornet T. , Muñoz C. , Varatharajan I. , Helbert J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExplosive volcanism on the surface of planet Mercury is visible through the pyroclastic deposits that surround morphologic features often identified as the vent. Those deposits are known as faculae. The understanding of explosive volcanism provides important information on Mercury's geological, thermal, and volcanic history. Observations by the MESSENGER spacecraft are used to analyze in detail the spectral properties of 14 selected faculae with the aim of understanding their chemical and physical properties. Scientific observations obtained by the MASCS instrument are particularly suitable for this task, although their observational and geometrical constraints limit definitive conclusions. Nonetheless, spectral properties in the visible, ultraviolet and near‐infrared indicate that the selected faculae are probably larger than visible in images solely. Spectral parameters provide a means to isolate Mercury's pyroclastic deposits with respect to Mercury's average spectral behavior. The similar spectral behavior of the visible, ultraviolet and near‐infrared domains suggests that the amount of mixing of pyroclastic materials with the underlying material, the differences in grain sizes between and inside the faculae, and the presence of opaque/mineral phases, could play significant roles in the spectral properties observed. Observations by the BepiColombo mission in nadir configuration covering a large range of phase angles will be highly complementary to the MESSENGER observations.
Major Element Composition of Sediments in Terms of Weathering and Provenance: Implications for Crustal Recycling
Authors: Lipp Alex G. , Shorttle Oliver , Syvret Frank , Roberts Gareth G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe elemental composition of a sediment is set by the composition of its protolith and modified by weathering, sorting, and diagenesis. An important problem is deconvolving these contributions to a sediment's composition to arrive at information about processes that operate on the Earth's surface. We approach this problem by developing a predictive and invertible model of sedimentary major element composition. We compile a data set of sedimentary rock, river sediment, soil, and igneous rock compositions. Principal component analysis of the data set shows that most variation can be simplified to a small number of variables. We thus show that any sediment's composition can be described with just two vectors of igneous evolution and weathering. We hence define a model for sedimentary composition as a combination of these processes. A 1:1 correspondence is observed between predictions and independent data. The log ratiosandare found to be simple proxies for, respectively, the model's protolith and weathering indices. Significant deviations from the model can be explained by sodium‐calcium exchange. Using this approach, we show that the major element composition of the upper continental crust has been modified by weathering, and we calculate the amount of each element that it must have lost to modify it to its present composition. By extrapolating modern weathering rates over the age of the crust, we conclude that it has not retained a significant amount of the necessarily produced weathering restite. This restite has likely been subducted into the mantle, indicating a crust‐to‐mantle recycling rate of 1.33 ± 0.89 ×1013 kg·year−1.
Azimuthal Anisotropy of the Megaregolith at the Apollo 14 Landing Site
Authors: Nishitsuji Yohei , Ruigrok Elmer , Draganov Deyan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe characterization of the megaregolith on the Moon has been investigated in various ways including analysis of lunar meteorites, remote sensing of mineralogy and gravity, and deriving a seismic velocity profile. In this study, we propose a method for analyzing azimuthal anisotropy of the megaregolith. We call this method deep‐moonquake seismic interferometry applied to S‐wave coda (DMSI‐S). DMSI‐S can turn the records of deep moonquakes into recordings from virtual active sources. The retrieved virtual sources coincide with the station positions, and thus, we obtain virtual zero‐offset (pulse‐echo) measurements. DMSI‐S is applied to seven clusters of deep moonquakes recorded at the Apollo 14 landing site, resulting in virtual zero‐offset measurements at the Apollo station 14. We use the S‐wave recordings retrieved from DMSI‐S to analyze azimuthal anisotropy. We find weak anisotropy at the layer where the megaregolith is assumed to be present. We interpret our result to show that the megaregolith at this site is characterized by a layer (or layers) of impact material, following the Imbrium impact, with internal alignment of the crushed material.
Contributions to Jupiter's Gravity Field From Dynamics in the Dynamo Region
Authors: Kulowski Laura , Cao Hao , Bloxham Jeremy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Juno gravity measurements indicate that zonal flows within Jupiter make an important contribution to the planet's gravity field. Atmospheric zonal flows extending ∼3,000 km deep can produce gravity harmonics that are consistent with the Juno inferred values. Deeper down, zonal flow in the dynamo region (i.e., below ∼0.90 RJ, where RJ is Jupiter's radius) may make a sizable contribution to the gravity harmonics. In this paper, we estimate the gravity harmonics (J2–J10) produced by zonal flows in Jupiter's dynamo region. Using Ferraro's law of isorotation, we construct physically motivated profiles for dynamo region zonal flow. We use the vorticity equation to determine the density perturbations associated with the flows and then calculate the gravity harmonics. We find that dynamo zonal flows with root mean square (RMS) velocities of 10 cm s−1 would produce J3 values on the same order of magnitude as the Juno inferred value and J2 and J4 values on the same order as ∼3,000 km deep atmospheric zonal flow, but would not contribute much to higher‐order gravity harmonics. Zonal flows above Jupiter's dynamo region would be responsible for producing dynamical gravity harmonics above J4. Slower dynamo zonal flow with a RMS velocity of 1 cm s−1 would have a relatively small contribution to all of the gravity harmonics.
Space Weathering of FeS Induced via Pulsed Laser Irradiation
Authors: Prince B. S. , Magnuson M. P. , Chaves L. C. , Thompson M. S. , Loeffler M. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere we present results from pulsed laser irradiation of troilite samples in an effort to simulate space weathering on airless bodies via micrometeorite impacts. We find that the spectral trends observed in directly irradiated samples and samples with a vapor‐deposited coating are different than those found in silicate minerals previously studied. For instance, direct laser irradiation causes our troilite samples to initially brighten, but continued irradiation causes darkening and a decrease in spectral slope. In contrast, our samples with a vapor‐deposited coating show a continuous increase in spectral slope and overall albedo as the deposit thickness increases. Observation using both digital imaging and electron microscopy of our directly irradiated samples leads us to conclude that topography effects likely become important after a relatively high number of laser pulses in our directly irradiated samples, causing the apparent darkening and decrease in spectral slope. Thus, we conclude that the spectral changes observed relevant to space weathering via micrometeorite impacts are an increase in spectral slope and an increase in the albedo of troilite. Future studies will investigate whether these trends are generally representative of other sulfide‐bearing minerals and of weathering trends in other components found in the asteroid regolith.
Prediction of Dst During Solar Minimum Using In Situ Measurements at L5
Authors: Bailey R. L. , Möstl C. , Reiss M. A. , Weiss A. J. , Amerstorfer U. V. , Amerstorfer T. , Hinterreiter J. , Magnes W. , Leonhardt R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGeomagnetic storms resulting from high‐speed streams can have significant negative impacts on modern infrastructure due to complex interactions between the solar wind and geomagnetic field. One measure of the extent of this effect is the Kyoto Dst index. We present a method to predict Dst from data measured at the Lagrange 5 (L5) point, which allows for forecasts of solar wind development 4.5 days in advance of the stream reaching the Earth. Using the STEREO‐B satellite as a proxy, we map data measured near L5 to the near‐Earth environment and make a prediction of the Dst from this point using the Temerin‐Li Dst model enhanced from the original using a machine learning approach. We evaluate the method accuracy with both traditional point‐to‐point error measures and an event‐based validation approach. The results show that predictions using L5 data outperform a 27‐day solar wind persistence model in all validation measures but do not achieve a level similar to an L1 monitor. Offsets in timing and the rapidly changing development of Bz in comparison to Bx and By reduce the accuracy. Predictions of Dst from L5 have a root‐mean‐square error of 9 nT, which is double the error of 4 nT using measurements conducted near the Earth. The most useful application of L5 measurements is shown to be in predicting the minimum Dst for the next 4 days. This method is being implemented in a real‐time forecast setting using STEREO‐A as an L5 proxy and has implications for the usefulness of future L5 missions.