bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing a nursing maintenance bundle for patients with pulmonary arterial catheters
Authors: Ben-Aderet Michael A. , Almario Matthew J. P. , Madhusudhan Meghan S. , Drucker Carissa , Luria Jeffery , Krishna Sneha , Massie Laila , Bresee Catherine , Chan Alice , Nguyen Jimmy , Murthy Rekha K. , Grein Jonathan D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe undertook a quality improvement project to address challenges with pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) line maintenance in a setting of low-baseline central-line infection rates. We observed a subsequent reduction in Staphylococcal PAC line infections and a trend toward a reduction in overall PAC infection rates over 1 year.
Impact of an electronic best-practice advisory in combination with prescriber education on antibiotic prescribing for ambulatory adults with acute, uncomplicated bronchitis within a large integrated health system
Authors: Pagels Courtney M. , Dilworth Thomas J. , Fehrenbacher Lynne , Singh Maharaj , Brummitt Charles F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:To determine the impact of a passive, prescriber-directed, electronic best-practice advisory coupled with prescriber education on the rate of antibiotic prescribing for acute, uncomplicated bronchitis in ambulatory adults across a large health system.Design:This study was a quasi-experiment examining antibiotic prescribing for ambulatory adults with acute bronchitis from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2018. The intervention was implemented in December 2016 for emergency departments and urgent care clinics followed by ambulatory clinics in September 2017.Setting:Outpatient settings across a health system, including 15 emergency departments, >30 urgent care clinics, and >150 ambulatory clinics.Participants:All adults with a primary diagnosis of acute bronchitis who were seen and discharged from a study site were included.Interventions:A passive, prescriber-directed, best-practice advisory for treatment of acute bronchitis in the electronic health record and an optional, online education module regarding acute bronchitis.Results:The study included 81,975 ambulatory adults with a primary diagnosis of acute bronchitis during the preintervention period (19.8% >65 years of age; 61.9% female) and 89,571 ambulatory adults during the postintervention period (16.5% >65 years of age; 61.1% female). Antibiotic prescribing rates decreased from 60.8% (49,877 of 81,975 patients) preintervention to 51.4% (46,018 of 89,571 patients) postintervention (absolute difference, 9.4%; P < .001). The largest reduction occurred in the emergency departments.Conclusions:An electronic best practice advisory combined with prescriber education was associated with a statistically significant reduction in antibiotic prescribing for adults with acute bronchitis. Future studies should incorporate patient education and address prescriber-reported barriers to appropriate antibiotic prescribing.
Effects of macroalgal morphology on marine epifaunal diversity
Authors: Gan Su Xuan , Tay Ywee Chieh , Huang Danwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMacroalgae play important ecological roles, including as hosts for a wide range of epifauna. However, the diversity relationships between macroalgae and epifauna are poorly understood for most tropical host species and algal morphologies. This study aims to characterize and analyse the diversity of invertebrates present amongst macroalgae with three distinct morphologies (three-dimensional, filamentous and foliose) across different tropical intertidal sites in Singapore. Morphological and DNA barcoding tools were employed for epifaunal species identification, and ordination statistics and multiple linear regression were used to test the effects of algal morphology, species and site on community structure and diversity of epiphytic invertebrates. Overall, epifaunal communities were distinct among sites and algal morphologies, and diversity was affected significantly by algal morphology. In particular, filamentous macroalgae hosted the highest abundance of epifauna dominated mainly by amphipods, which were able to take advantage of the high surface area to volume ratio in filamentous algal mats as a consequence of their thinner forms. Foliose species showed a significantly negative effect on invertebrate diversity. Our findings highlight the diverse associations between intertidal macroalgae and invertebrates with high turnover between algal morphology and sites that contribute to the high biodiversity of tropical shores. Future studies should consider the effects of the host habitat, seasonality and more algal species on epifaunal diversity.
The global process of thinking global literature: from Marx’sWeltliteratur to Sarkozy’s littérature-monde
Authors: Habjan Jernej 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article outlines the history of research in global literature as a history that is itself global. This kind of global history of the theorization of global literature demands a departure from the existing accounts and their nascent gap between heated theoreticist debates and pacifying historicist anthologies. A global approach to the problematic can bridge this gap because it considers not only what the most influential studies on global literature say, but also where and when they say it. Whether these be Romantic assertions of world literature, post-war pleas for cosmopolitan literature, Cold War polemics about ‘Third World’ literature, or millennial theories of transnational, post-national, planetary, and, indeed, global literature, the article considers not only the object of these studies but also the studies themselves as an object; not only the text but also the context. Hence, a historicization of literary theories of globalization in effect bleeds into a historicization of globalization itself.
Major Contribution of Reduced Upper Ocean Oxygen Mixing to Global Ocean Deoxygenation in an Earth System Model
Authors: Couespel Damien , Lévy Marina , Bopp Laurent 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present a quantitative analysis of deoxygenation drivers applied to an Earth System Model and easily transposable to large model ensembles. The preindustrial ocean breathes in oxygen in polar regions and in subtropical gyres, and breathes out oxygen in the equatorial band and in subpolar gyres. Under a high‐CO2 emission scenario for the 21st century, small deviations of these large natural oxygen fluxes cause global deoxygenation. We attribute half of this trend to a decrease in oxygen solubility. The other half is explained by negative trends in subduction and respiration, which largely cancel out each other. Moreover, 75% of the subduction decrease occurs through changes in mixing across the mixed‐layer base. Our analysis also highlights strong modulations of subduction at the regional scale linked to shifts in wind patterns and associated Ekman pumping.
Modern and Fossil Pockmarks in the New England Mud Patch: Implications for Submarine Groundwater Discharge on the Middle Shelf
Authors: Goff John A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGeophysical evidence is presented for the existence of modern and fossil pockmarks within the New England Mud Patch, an anomalous region of fine‐grained deposition on the middle shelf south of Cape Cod, USA. Modern pockmarks, indicators of focused subsurface fluid flow, are observed as seafloor depressions up to 80‐m wide and 1.2‐m deep, with reflective centers evincing hard material. Probable fossil pockmarks are identified by predominantly u‐shaped bright lenses within the sub‐bottom data and have similar size and distribution as the seafloor pockmarks; they likely indicate long‐term (>10 ka) persistence of episodic‐focused fluid flow. Given the lack of seismic evidence for gas, these features are attributed to submarine groundwater discharge. Based on recent observations and modeling, it is suggested that submarine groundwater discharge is induced by salinity‐driven convection cells associated with overpressured fluids, emplaced either by modern, shore‐connected aquifers, or during Pleistocene glacial advances and retreats.
Effect of Fe3+ on Phase Relations in the Lower Mantle: Implications for Redox Melting in Stagnant Slabs
Authors: Sinmyo Ryosuke , Nakajima Yoichi , McCammon Catherine A. , Miyajima Nobuyoshi , Petitgirard Sylvain , Myhill Robert , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Frost Daniel J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that Earth's deep mantle may have a wider range of oxygen fugacities than previously thought. Such a large heterogeneity might be caused by material subducted into the deep mantle. However, high‐pressure phase relations are poorly known in systems including Fe3+ at the top of the lower mantle, where the subducted slab may be stagnant. We therefore conducted high‐pressure and high‐temperature experiments using a multi‐anvil apparatus to study the phase relations in a Fe3+‐bearing system at 26 GPa and 1573–2073 K, at conditions prevailing at the top of the lower mantle. At temperatures below 1923 K, MgSiO3‐rich bridgmanite, an Fe3+‐rich oxide phase, and SiO2 coexist in the recovered sample. Quenched partial melt was observed above 1973 K, which is significantly lower than the solidus temperature of an equivalent Fe3+‐free bulk composition. The partial melt obtained from the Fe3+‐rich bulk composition has a higher iron content than coexisting bridgmanite, similar to the Fe2+‐dominant system. The results suggest that strong mantle oxygen fugacity anomalies might alter the subsolidus and melting phase relations under lower mantle conditions. We conclude that (1) a small amount of melt may be generated from an Al‐depleted region of a stagnant slab, such as subducted former banded‐iron‐formation, and (2) Fe3+ is not transported into the deep part of the lower mantle because of its incompatibility during melting.
The Contribution of Submesoscale over Mesoscale Eddy Iron Transport in the Open Southern Ocean
Authors: Uchida Takaya , Balwada Dhruv , Abernathey Ryan , McKinley Galen , Smith Shafer , Lévy Marina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiological productivity in the Southern Ocean is limited by iron availability. Previous studies of iron supply have focused on mixed‐layer entrainment and diapycnal fluxes. However, the Southern Ocean is a region highly energetic mesoscale and submesoscale turbulence. Here we investigate the role of eddies in supplying iron to the euphotic zone, using a flat‐bottom zonally re‐entrant model, configured to represent the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region, that is coupled to a biogeochemical model with a realistic seasonal cycle. Eddies are admitted or suppressed by changing the model's horizontal resolution. We utilize cross spectral analysis and the generalized Omega equation to temporally and spatially decompose the vertical transport attributable to mesoscale and submesoscale motions. Our results suggest that the mesoscale vertical fluxes provide a first‐order pathway for transporting iron across the mixing‐layer base, where diapycnal mixing is weak, and must be included in modeling the open‐Southern Ocean iron budget.
Data Mining to Uncover Heterogeneous Water Use Behaviors From Smart Meter Data
Authors: Cominola A. , Nguyen K. , Giuliani M. , Stewart R. A. , Maier H. R. , Castelletti A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractKnowledge on the determinants and patterns of water demand for different consumers supports the design of customized demand management strategies. Smart meters coupled with big data analytics tools create a unique opportunity to support such strategies. Yet, at present, the information content of smart meter data is not fully mined and usually needs to be complemented with water fixture inventory and survey data to achieve detailed customer segmentation based on end use water usage. In this paper, we developed a data‐driven approach that extracts information on heterogeneous water end use routines, main end use components, and temporal characteristics, only via data mining existing smart meter readings at the scale of individual households. We tested our approach on data from 327 households in Australia, each monitored with smart meters logging water use readings every 5 s. As part of the approach, we first disaggregated the household‐level water use time series into different end uses via Autoflow. We then adapted a customer segmentation based on eigenbehavior analysis to discriminate among heterogeneous water end use routines and identify clusters of consumers presenting similar routines. Results revealed three main water end use profile clusters, each characterized by a primary end use: shower, clothes washing, and irrigation. Time‐of‐use and intensity‐of‐use differences exist within each class, as well as different characteristics of regularity and periodicity over time. Our customer segmentation analysis approach provides utilities with a concise snapshot of recurrent water use routines from smart meter data and can be used to support customized demand management strategies.
Smart-phone, paper-based fluorescent sensor for ultra-low inorganic phosphate detection in environmental samples
Authors: Sarwar Mehenur , Leichner Jared , Naja Ghinwa M. , Li Chen-Zhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA major goal of environmental agencies today is to conduct point-of-collection monitoring of excess inorganic phosphate (Pi) in environmental water samples for tracking aquatic “dead zones” caused by algae blooms. However, there are no existing commercial devices which have been miniaturized and are suitable for the point-of-need-testing (“PONT”) that is required to fully map a large region, such as the Florida Everglades. To solve this challenge, a reflection-mode fluorescence-sensing apparatus was developed, leveraging an environmentally sensitive fluorophore (MDCC) bound to a bacterial phosphate-binding protein to generate a fluorescent optical signal proportional to the concentration of (Pi) present. The combined end-to-end integrated sensor system had a response time of only 4 s, with minimal effects of common interfering agents and a linear range spanning from 1.1 to 64 ppb. To support ease-of-use during PONT, the platform incorporated disposable wax-printed paper strip sample pads and a smartphone camera detection system. Since the EPA threshold is currently 30 ppb to prevent eutrophication, this system serves as a rapid test of whether a region is compliant.
Psychosocial moderation of polygenic risk for cannabis involvement: the role of trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance
Authors: Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Salvatore Jessica E. , Aliev Fazil , Johnson Emma C. , McCutcheon Vivia V. , Su Jinni , Kuo Sally I-Chun , Lai Dongbing , Wetherill Leah , Wang Jen C. , Chan Grace , Hesselbrock Victor , Foroud Tatiana , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Edenberg Howard J. , Dick Danielle M. , Porjesz Bernice , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCannabis use and disorders (CUD) are influenced by multiple genetic variants of small effect and by the psychosocial environment. However, this information has not been effectively incorporated into studies of gene–environment interaction (GxE). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) that aggregate the effects of genetic variants can aid in identifying the links between genetic risk and psychosocial factors. Using data from the Pasman et al. GWAS of cannabis use (meta-analysis of data from the International Cannabis Consortium and UK Biobank), we constructed PRS in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) participants of European (N: 7591) and African (N: 3359) ancestry. The primary analyses included only individuals of European ancestry, reflecting the ancestral composition of the discovery GWAS from which the PRS was derived. Secondary analyses included the African ancestry sample. Associations of PRS with cannabis use and DSM-5 CUD symptom count (CUDsx) and interactions with trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance were examined. Models were adjusted for sex, birth cohort, genotype array, and ancestry. Robustness models were adjusted for cross-term interactions. Higher PRS were associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use and with CUDsx among participants of European ancestry (p < 0.05 and p < 0.1 thresholds, respectively). PRS only influenced cannabis use among those exposed to trauma (R2: 0.011 among the trauma exposed vs. R2: 0.002 in unexposed). PRS less consistently influenced cannabis use among those who attend religious services less frequently; PRS × religious service attendance effects were attenuated when cross-term interactions with ancestry and sex were included in the model. Polygenic liability to cannabis use was related to cannabis use and, less robustly, progression to symptoms of CUD. This study provides the first evidence of PRS × trauma for cannabis use and demonstrates that ignoring important aspects of the psychosocial environment may mask genetic influences on polygenic traits.
Novel USP9X variants in two patients with X-linked intellectual disability
Authors: Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Kuroda Yukiko , Yamanouchi Yasuko , Kondo Eisuke , Ouchi Kazunobu , Kimura Yuichi , Enomoto Yumi , Aida Noriko , Masuno Mitsuo , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUSP9X variants have been reported in patients with X-linked intellectual disability. Here, we report two female patients with intellectual disability and pigment abnormalities along Blaschko lines. Targeted resequencing identified two novel heterozygous variants, c.4068_4072del (p. (Leu1357Tyrfs*12)) and c.1201C>T (p. (Arg401*)), in USP9X. Our findings provide further evidence that USP9X variants cause intellectual disability.
A systematic review of psychological, physical health factors, and quality of life in adult asthma
Authors: Stanescu Sabina , Kirby Sarah E. , Thomas Mike , Yardley Lucy , Ainsworth Ben 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAsthma is a common non-communicable disease, often characterized by activity limitation, negative effects on social life and relationships, problems with finding and keeping employment, and poor quality of life. The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature investigating the potential factors impacting quality of life (QoL) in asthma. Electronic searches were carried out on: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science (initial search April 2017 and updated in January 2019). All primary research studies including asthma, psychological or physical health factors, and quality of life were included. Narrative synthesis was used to develop themes among findings in included studies in an attempt to identify variables impacting QoL in asthma. The search retrieved 43 eligible studies that were grouped in three themes: psychological factors (including anxiety and depression, other mental health conditions, illness representations, and emotion regulation), physical health factors (including BMI and chronic physical conditions), and multifactorial aspects, including the interplay of health and psychological factors and asthma. These were found to have a substantial impact on QoL in asthma, both directly and indirectly, by affecting self-management, activity levels and other outcomes. Findings suggest a complex and negative effect of health and psychological factors on QoL in asthma. The experience of living with asthma is multifaceted, and future research and intervention development studies should take this into account, as well as the variety of variables interacting and affecting the person.
Dual paths cryptosystem based on tilt Fresnel diffraction using non-spherical mirror and phase modulation in expanded fractional Fourier transform domain
Authors: Chen Hang , Liu Zhengjun , Tanougast Camel , Liu Feifei , Blondel Walter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a dual optics paths optical image cryptosystem based on tilt Fresnel diffraction and a phase modulation in extend fractional Fourier transform (eFrFT) domain is presented. The tilt Fresnel is designed by using a non-spherical mirror. A part of data from the original image is modulated by the mirror, while the other part is encoded by an expanded fractional Fourier transform. Besides, the random data of the dual channels is combined for forming the encrypted image. The structure parameters in designing the optical hardware system and the random phase can be regarded as decryption keys. Various potential attack experiments are implemented to check the validity of the proposed cryptographic system.
Study of solidification pathway of a MoSiBTiC alloy by optical thermal analysis and in-situ observation with electromagnetic levitation
Authors: Fukuyama Hiroyuki , Sawada Ryogo , Nakashima Haruki , Ohtsuka Makoto , Yoshimi Kyosuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMoSiBTiC alloys are promising candidates for next-generation ultrahigh-temperature materials. However, the phase diagram of these alloys has been unknown. We have developed an ultrahigh-temperature thermal analyser based on blackbody radiation that can be used to analyse the melting and solidification of the alloy 67.5Mo–5Si–10B–8.75Ti–8.75 C (mol%). Furthermore, electromagnetic levitation (EML) was used for in-situ observation of solidification and microstructural study of the alloy. On the basis of the results, the following solidification pathway is proposed: Mo solid solution (Moss) begins to crystallize out as a primary phase at 1955 °C (2228 K) from a liquid state, which is followed by a (Moss+TiC) eutectic reaction starting at 1900 °C (2173 K). Molybdenum boride (Mo2B) phase precipitates from the liquid after the eutectic reaction; however, the Mo2B phase may react with the remaining liquid to form Moss and Mo5SiB2 (T2) as solidification proceeds. In addition, T2 also precipitates as a single phase from the liquid. The remaining liquid reaches the (Moss + T2 + TiC) ternary eutectic point at 1880 °C (2153 K), and the (Moss + T2 + Mo2C) eutectic reaction finally occurs at 1720 °C (1993 K). This completes the solidification of the MoSiBTiC alloy.
Finger Posture and Finger Load are Perceived Independently
Authors: Prendergast Brendan , Brooks Jack , Goodman James M. , Boyarinova Maria , Winberry Jeremy E. , Bensmaia Sliman J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ability to track the time-varying postures of our hands and the forces they exert plays a key role in our ability to dexterously interact with objects. However, how precisely and accurately we sense hand kinematics and kinetics has not been completely characterized. Furthermore, the dominant source of information about hand postures stems from muscle spindles, whose responses can also signal isometric force and are modulated by fusimotor input. As such, one might expect that changing the state of the muscles – for example, by applying a load – would influence perceived finger posture. To address these questions, we measure the acuity of human hand proprioception, investigate the interplay between kinematic and kinetic signals, and determine the extent to which actively and passively achieved postures are perceived differently. We find that angle and torque perception are highly precise; that loads imposed on the finger do not affect perceived joint angle; that joint angle does not affect perceived load; and that hand postures are perceived similarly whether they are achieved actively or passively. The independence of finger posture and load perception contrasts with their interdependence in the upper arm, likely reflecting the special functional importance of the hand.