bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization of 3‐degree‐of‐freedom control using fine‐grain parallel processing
Authors: Kurumatani Hiroki , Katsura Seiichiro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe article reports a sprout of 3‐degree‐of‐freedom (DOF) control. The limitation of feedback control, including 2‐DOF control, has been raised for a long time; however, a suitable control theory for overcoming those limitations has still not been formulated. An underlying reason is that the disturbance‐suppression performance and noise sensitivity cannot be decoupled. Several researches have tried to tackle this problem using a hardware approach, as a noise level depends on a hardware configuration. It should be noted that the hardware design expands spatiotemporal resolution of a system. This approach helps in reducing noise, namely, it works as the 3rd‐DOF for a control system. Therefore, an improvement in the hardware design could be a new angle for solving a mixed‐sensitivity problem. This article quantitatively presents the relation between noise‐reduction performance and the spatiotemporal resolution, and provides a foothold for the 3‐DOF control.
Security of multimedia communication with game trick based fast, efficient, and robust color‐/gray‐scale image encryption algorithm
Authors: Khan Sajid , Lansheng Han , Qian Yekui , Lu Hongwei , Meng Jiao Shi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFreshly, an innumerable chaotic system based complex and more time‐consuming image encryption algorithms have been proposed. The majority of those have scrambling and diffusion like two phases or rounds before performing the actual encryption, which leads toward extra time consumption. So unlike those, this article presents a novel image encryption algorithm that is based on game trick. The proposed novel method is DNA based and it can accomplish dual function with one round, that is, scrambling for the bit planes and diffusion for the pixels, So we called it as DNA‐SPD. First of all, a random matrix equivalent to the size of the original image is generated through a python random array generator and seed value of the 512‐bit hexadecimal key of the original image. Second, it performs the pixel adaptive additions with MA between pixels of a plain image, random matrix, the integer value of the hash key entity, and the decimal number (DN). Third, it extracts each channel from the color image and convert it into the binary bit planes, then transformed it into the DNA bit planes through particular DNA rules. Finally, a universal DNA rule utilized to get back encrypted pixels. Various security analysis and comparison of projected results show that the proposed novel encryption method gives better results in a lesser amount of time. The proposed algorithm is robust against the well‐known and effective attacks, that is, known/chosen plaintext attacks, differential attacks, and the statistical attacks. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is more secure and reliable for the security of image communication.
Effect of washing, soaking, and cooking methods on perfluorinated compounds in mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
Authors: Kim Min‐Joo , Park Jihyun , Luo Li , Min Juhyun , Kim Jung Hoan , Yang Hee‐Deuk , Kho Younglim , Kang Gil Jin , Chung Myung‐Sub , Shin Sangah , Moon BoKyung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are environmental pollutants, and dietary intake is a major route of human exposure to them. We aimed to see the effects of washing, soaking, and cooking (grilling, braising, frying, and steaming) on the change of PFCs in mackerel fillets and PFCs before and after each treatment were analyzed using LC‐MS/MS. Washing resulted in a decrease in the PFC content of mackerel (average 74%) comparing to control. Among the 19 PFCs detected, perfluorobutanoic acid and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) were found to be abundant after washing. Soaking mackerel in sake reduced its PFC content by 51%, whereas soaking in rice‐washed solution reduced by 80% comparing to control. All the four cooking methods were effective in reducing the PFC content of mackerel. The degree by which the PFC content decreased varied with the cooking method: grilling (91%), steaming (75%), frying (58%), and braising (47%) comparing to uncooked sample. In addition, when mackerel was braised with potato, PFCs decreased more in fillet than the ones without potato. PFCs in potato increased after cooking with mackerel. The excessive consumption through the mackerel was 0.1997 ng/kg bw/day and 0.7987 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. These exposure levels were well below the tolerable daily intake values of both compounds (PFOS, 150 ng/kg bw/day; PFOA, 1,500 ng/kg bw/day). The results of this study indicated that employing appropriate pretreatment and cooking methods could be an effective way to reduce the dietary exposure to PFCs in mackerel.
Genetic driver mutations introduced in identical cell‐of‐origin in murine glioblastoma reveal distinct immune landscapes but similar response to checkpoint blockade
Authors: Chen Zhihong , Herting Cameron J. , Ross James L. , Gabanic Ben , Puigdelloses Vallcorba Montse , Szulzewsky Frank , Wojciechowicz Megan L. , Cimino Patrick J. , Ezhilarasan Ravesanker , Sulman Erik P. , Ying Mingyao , Ma'ayan Avi , Read Renee D. , Hambardzumyan Dolores 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. In addition to being genetically heterogeneous, GBMs are also immunologically heterogeneous. However, whether the differences in immune microenvironment are driven by genetic driver mutation is unexplored. By leveraging the versatile RCAS/tv‐a somatic gene transfer system, we establish a mouse model for Classical GBM by introducing EGFRvIII expression in Nestin‐positive neural stem/progenitor cells in adult mice. Along with our previously published Nf1‐silenced and PDGFB‐overexpressing models, we investigate the immune microenvironments of the three models of human GBM subtypes by unbiased multiplex profiling. We demonstrate that both the quantity and composition of the microenvironmental myeloid cells are dictated by the genetic driver mutations, closely mimicking what was observed in human GBM subtypes. These myeloid cells express high levels of the immune checkpoint protein PD‐L1; however, PD‐L1 targeted therapies alone or in combination with irradiation are unable to increase the survival time of tumor‐bearing mice regardless of the driver mutations, reflecting the outcomes of recent human trials. Together, these results highlight the critical utility of immunocompetent mouse models for preclinical studies of GBM, making these models indispensable tools for understanding the resistance mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade in GBM and immune cell‐targeting drug discovery.
Eyes wide shut: How visual cues affect brain patterns of simulated gait
Authors: Zapparoli Laura , Seghezzi Silvia , Sacheli Lucia Maria , Verga Chiara , Banfi Giuseppe , Paulesu Eraldo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the last 20 years, motor imagery (MI) has been extensively used to train motor abilities in sport and in rehabilitation. However, MI procedures are not all alike as much as their potential beneficiaries. Here we assessed whether the addition of visual cues could make MI performance more comparable with explicit motor performance in gait tasks. With fMRI we also explored the neural correlates of these experimental manipulations. We did this in elderly subjects who are known to rely less on kinesthetic information while favoring visual strategies during motor performance. Contrary to expectations, we found that the temporal coupling between execution and imagery times, an index of the quality of MI, was less precise when participants were allowed to visually explore the environment. While the brain activation patterns of the gait motor circuits were very similar in both an open‐eyed and eye‐shut virtual walking MI task, these differed for a vast temporo‐occipito‐parietal additional activation for open‐eyed MI. Crucially, the higher was the activity in this posterior network, the less accurate was the MI performance with eyes open at a clinical test of gait. We conclude that both visually‐cued and internally‐cued MI are associated with the neurofunctional activation of a gait specific motor system. The less precise behavioral coupling between imagined and executed gait while keeping eyes open may be attributed to the processing load implied in visual monitoring and scanning of the environment. The implications of these observations for rehabilitation of gait with MI are discussed.
The European response to the WHO call to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem
Authors: Arbyn Marc , Gultekin Murat , Morice Philippe , Nieminen Pekka , Cruickshank Maggie , Poortmans Philip , Kelly Daniel , Poljak Mario , Bergeron Christine , Ritchie David , Schmidt Dietmar , Kyrgiou Maria , Van den Bruel Ann , Bruni Laia , Basu Partha , Bray Freddie , Weiderpass Elisabete 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe age‐standardised incidence of cervical cancer in Europe varies widely by country (between 3 and 25/100000 women‐years) in 2018. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage is low in countries with the highest incidence and screening performance is heterogeneous among European countries. A broad group of delegates of scientific professional societies and cancer organisations endorse the principles of the WHO call to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem, also in Europe. All European nations should, by 2030, reach at least 90% HPV vaccine coverage among girls by the age of 15 years and also boys, if cost‐effective; they should introduce organised population‐based HPV‐based screening and achieve 70% of screening coverage in the target age group, providing also HPV testing on self‐samples for nonscreened or underscreened women; and to manage 90% of screen‐positive women. To guide member states, a group of scientific professional societies and cancer organisations engage to assist in the rollout of a series of concerted evidence‐based actions. European health authorities are requested to mandate a group of experts to develop the third edition of European Guidelines for Quality Assurance of Cervical Cancer prevention based on integrated HPV vaccination and screening and to monitor the progress towards the elimination goal. The occurrence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, having interrupted prevention activities temporarily, should not deviate stakeholders from this ambition. In the immediate postepidemic phase, health professionals should focus on high‐risk women and adhere to cost‐effective policies including self‐sampling.
Prediction of colorectal cancer risk based on profiling with common genetic variants
Authors: Li Xue , Timofeeva Maria , Spiliopoulou Athina , McKeigue Paul , He Yazhou , Zhang Xiaomeng , Svinti Victoria , Campbell Harry , Houlston Richard S. , Tomlinson Ian P. M. , Farrington Susan M. , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Theodoratou Evropi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreasing numbers of common genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) have been identified. Our study aimed to determine whether risk prediction based on common genetic variants might enable stratification for CRC risk. Meta‐analysis of 11 genome‐wide association studies comprising 16 871 cases and 26 328 controls was performed to capture CRC susceptibility variants. Genetic prediction models with several candidate polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated from Scottish CRC case‐control studies (6478 cases and 11 043 controls) and the score with the best performance was then tested in UK Biobank (UKBB) (4800 cases and 20 287 controls). A weighted PRS of 116 CRC single nucleotide polymorphisms (wPRS116) was found with the best predictive performance, reporting a c‐statistics of 0.60 and an odds ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.41‐1.50, per SD increase) in Scottish data set. The predictive performance of this wPRS116 was consistently validated in UKBB data set with c‐statistics of 0.61 and an OR of 1.49 (95% CI = 1.44‐1.54, per SD increase). Modeling the levels of PRS with age and sex in the general UK population shows that employing genetic risk profiling can achieve a moderate degree of risk discrimination that could be helpful to identify a subpopulation with higher CRC risk due to genetic susceptibility.
Cellular heterogeneity landscape in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Lianhao , Zhang Siwei , Yu Siyang , Ma Fen , Wang Bozhi , Zhang Congcong , Sun Ji , Mao Xionghui , Wei Lanlan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a highly malignant tumor originated from respiratory system. Although there have been many improvements in therapy until now, reducing the high mortality remains difficult. Understanding the cellular heterogeneity of LSCC could contribute to improve this problem. Single‐cell RNA sequencing was applied to dissect the cell composition and molecular characteristics of LSCC tissues. Immunohistochemistry staining of the LSCC tissues was performed to identify the spatial location of tumor cells. Survival analysis of marker genes was executed in The Cancer Genome Atlas to verify the correlation between each cell clusters and patients' prognosis. The LSCC tissue cells were finely grouped into various clusters, including tumor cells, immune cells, epithelial cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Notably, in tumor cells, keratinocyte‐like cells were in the core of tumor while malignant proliferating cells were located at the tumor edge. The malignant proliferating cells were correlated with poor prognosis. In summary, this is the first study to delineate a landscape of the LSCC intratumor heterogeneity. Our work might help researchers have a better understanding for tumor progression.
OPECmeetings, oil market volatility and herding behaviour in the Saudi Arabia stock market
Authors: Gabbori Dina , Awartani Basel , Maghyereh Aktham , Virk Nader 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate the influence of oil market volatility and hand‐picked OPEC meetings data on herding tendency in the Saudi equity market. Our results show the presence of significant herding behaviour in the Saudi market; surprisingly this herding behaviour is independent of oil market volatility. Importantly, we find herding on and around the OPEC meeting days however this is only limited to a period of high global uncertainty that is, during the Global Financial Crisis period (GFC) of 2008–2010. However, when we filter out factor‐based herding in the Saudi equities, we also find persistent herding in the post GFC period. These results are consistent when we assess the impact of OPEC meetings using event windows of one to 5 days before and after the announcement. In consideration of the crucial role of OPEC in determining the oil prices, we explain our results of Saudi market herding on and around OPEC meeting days for the prior announcement ambiguity and corrections before, on and after the announcements on global supply. Our results show that this tendency has originated during the GFC, has persisted in the post‐GFC in the Saudi equities and surprisingly, is largely found absent in the periods when the Saudi equity market witnessed bullish market conditions. Our results are robust after accounting for common factor return variations in equity returns, the unconditional and conditional estimates of the volatility in oil prices and several event windows around OPEC meeting days.
Economic growth in China and its impact on international commodity prices
Authors: Ghoshray Atanu , Pundit Madhavi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSince the turn of the century, China has experienced economic growth that has called for rapid industrialisation, infrastructure growth and urbanisation, making China highly dependent on primary commodities. The resource intensive growth path followed by a slowdown in recent years has raised the question to what extent her demand for commodities can affect international commodity prices. To this end, recent studies have analysed the link between economic growth or slowdown on commodity prices using linear multivariate models. However, a problem is that commodity prices are known to be highly variable and characterised by multiple structural changes. With such characteristics of the data, it is likely to be the case one may obtain mis‐specified inferences from a linear multivariate framework. Accordingly, we make use of novel Flexible Fourier Form (FFF) econometric procedures to account for multiple breaks in the economic variables, which have better power and size properties over the standard linear models. We find that the persistence of economic variables employed in this study and their causal link are better approximated by such nonlinear FFF procedures. Our results show that there is evidence of short run predictability between selected commodity prices and economic growth in China. Further, the responses of different commodity prices to shocks in economic growth are quite profound especially for those cases where we find causal links with economic growth in China. While we find a significant impact of economic growth of China on commodity prices, the response varies for different commodities.
Role of second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler indices in the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes in a low‐risk population
Authors: Adefisan Adeyemi S. , Akintayo Akinyemi A. , Awoleke Jacob O. , Awolowo Anthony T. , Aduloju Olusola P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate use of second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler velocimetry to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study among low‐risk nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, between July and December 2017. Uterine artery Doppler indices were measured at 22–26 gestational weeks. Resistance index (RI) of 0.58 or less and pulsatility index (PI) of 1.6 or less were considered normal. The ability of Doppler indices to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes was determined.ResultsAmong 120 women, 73 (60.8%) women had at least one abnormal Doppler index and 50 (41.7%) at least one adverse pregnancy outcome. For pre‐eclampsia, sensitivity and specificity of RI were 40.0% and 37.3% (area under curve [AUC], 0.28), and those of PI were 20.0% and 89.1% (AUC, 0.33) respectively. For intrauterine growth restriction, sensitivity and specificity of RI were 23.1% and 34.6% (AUC, 0.22), and those of PI were 0% and 86.95% (AUC, 0.48), respectively. For low birthweight, sensitivity and specificity of RI were 60.0% and 38.9% (AUC, 0.54), and those of PI were 20.0% and 90.5% (AUC, 0.55), respectively.ConclusionLate second‐trimester uterine artery Doppler velocimetry had limited ability to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in a low‐risk population.
Determination and correction of aberrations in full field optical coherence tomography using phase gradient autofocus by maximizing the likelihood function
Authors: Matkivsky Vasily , Moiseev Alexander , Shilyagin Pavel , Rodionov Alexander , Spahr Hendrik , Pfäffle Clara , Hüttmann Gereon , Hillmann Dierck , Gelikonov Grigory 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA method for numerical estimation and correction of aberrations of the eye in fundus imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is presented. Aberrations are determined statistically by using the estimate based on likelihood function maximization. The method can be considered as an extension of the phase gradient autofocusing algorithm in synthetic aperture radar imaging to 2D optical aberration correction. The efficacy of the proposed method has been demonstrated in OCT fundus imaging with 6λ aberrations. After correction, single photoreceptors were resolved. It is also shown that wave front distortions with high spatial frequencies can be determined and corrected.
Weak interactions in imidazole‐containing zinc(II)‐based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wu Hsin‐Wei , Lee Li‐Wei , Thanasekaran Pounraj , Su Cing‐Huei , Liu Yen‐Hsiang , Chin Tsung‐Mei , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe self‐assembly of the two zinc(II) metal–organic frameworks, [Zn2(L)(bdc)2]·3MeOH·4H2O}n (1, L = 2‐(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐c]pyridine, H2bdc = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid) and [Zn2(L)(bdc)2]·2DMF·H2O}n (2), was achieved under mild reaction conditions. Both compounds 1 and 2 were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Interestingly, the coordination modes of the ligand L in two structures are entirely different. Compounds 1 and 2 were made up of paddle wheel‐shaped {Zn2(O2C)4} secondary building unit (SBU) clusters, which adopted three‐dimensional structures with a pcu topology. Rich weak interactions were observed in the structures of both 1 and 2. The uncoordinated imidazole and pyridine moieties exhibited electron donor–acceptor interactions, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and CH–π interactions. These interactions also facilitated the abilities of the framework to adsorb CO2 molecules. Gas adsorption studies revealed that compound 1 selectively adsorbed CO2 (131.1 cm3/g) over N2 (23.5 cm3/g) and H2 (36.5 cm3/g) at a pressure of 1 atm.
Reference interval and the role of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) in subclinical cardiac dysfunction at health checkups
Authors: Nah Eun‐Hee , Cho Seon , Kim Suyoung , Cho Han‐Ik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSoluble ST2 (sST2) is known to predict adverse outcomes and death in individuals with established heart failure. However, the role of sST2 testing in the general population has not been established. The aims of this study were to determine the reference interval (RI) and the clinical utility of sST2 in subclinical cardiac dysfunction in general population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consecutively selected 41,806 general subjects at health checkups who underwent echocardiography and sST2 testing at 16 health promotion centers in 13 Korean cities. The reference subjects were obtained among those with normal findings in echocardiography. Sex‐specific RIs were established according to the CLSI C28‐A3 guidelines. sST2 was measured using immunoassay with the Presage ST2 assay (Critical Diagnostics).ResultsIn the general subjects, age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, creatinine, liver function, and triglycerides were associated with the sST2 levels. The RI for sST2 was higher in males (≤49.6 ng/mL, 95% CI = 48.5‐51.5) than in females (≤44.5 ng/mL, 95% CI = 43.5‐45.6) and higher in subjects aged < 40 years than ≥ 40 years in both sexes. The sST2 levels were 29.1 ± 10.7 (mean ± SD) and 29.1 ± 14.4 ng/mL in the groups with normal cardiac function and subclinical cardiac dysfunction, respectively. The sST2 level was not associated with subclinical cardiac dysfunction (odd ratio = 1.002, P = .13).ConclusionsRIs obtained from a large and echocardiography‐proven healthy community‐based sample are presented. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction was associated with older age, male sex, and metabolic factors but not with the sST2 level.