bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coexistence with Pseudomonas aeruginosa alters Staphylococcus aureus transcriptome, antibiotic resistance and internalization into epithelial cells
Authors: Briaud Paul , Camus Laura , Bastien Sylvère , Doléans-Jordheim Anne , Vandenesch François , Moreau Karen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-threatening genetic disease among Caucasians. CF patients suffer from chronic lung infections due to the presence of thick mucus, caused by cftr gene dysfunction. The two most commonly found bacteria in the mucus of CF patients are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is well known that early-infecting P. aeruginosa strains produce anti-staphylococcal compounds and inhibit S. aureus growth. More recently, it has been shown that late-infecting P. aeruginosa strains develop commensal-like/coexistence interaction with S. aureus. The aim of this study was to decipher the impact of P. aeruginosa strains on S. aureus. RNA sequencing analysis showed 77 genes were specifically dysregulated in the context of competition and 140 genes in the context of coexistence in the presence of P. aeruginosa. In coexistence, genes encoding virulence factors and proteins involved in carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides and amino acids metabolism were downregulated. On the contrary, several transporter family encoding genes were upregulated. In particular, several antibiotic pumps belonging to the Nor family were upregulated: tet38, norA and norC, leading to an increase in antibiotic resistance of S. aureus when exposed to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin and an enhanced internalization rate within epithelial pulmonary cells. This study shows that coexistence with P. aeruginosa affects the S. aureus transcriptome and virulence.
Comparison of targeted next-generation sequencing for whole-genome sequencing of Hantaan orthohantavirus in Apodemus agrarius lung tissues
Authors: No Jin Sun , Kim Won-Keun , Cho Seungchan , Lee Seung-Ho , Kim Jeong-Ah , Lee Daesang , Song Dong Hyun , Gu Se Hun , Jeong Seong Tae , Wiley Michael R. , Palacios Gustavo , Song Jin-Won 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrthohantaviruses, negative-sense single-strand tripartite RNA viruses, are a global public health threat. In humans, orthohantavirus infection causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Whole-genome sequencing of the virus helps in identification and characterization of emerging or re-emerging viruses. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a potent method to sequence the viral genome, using molecular enrichment methods, from clinical specimens containing low virus titers. Hence, a comparative study on the target enrichment NGS methods is required for whole-genome sequencing of orthohantavirus in clinical samples. In this study, we used the sequence-independent, single-primer amplification, target capture, and amplicon NGS for whole-genome sequencing of Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) from rodent specimens. We analyzed the coverage of the HTNV genome based on the viral RNA copy number, which is quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Target capture and amplicon NGS demonstrated a high coverage rate of HTNV in Apodemus agrarius lung tissues containing up to 103–104 copies/μL of HTNV RNA. Furthermore, the amplicon NGS showed a 10-fold (102 copies/μL) higher sensitivity than the target capture NGS. This report provides useful insights into target enrichment NGS for whole-genome sequencing of orthohantaviruses without cultivating the viruses.
Completion of BAX recruitment correlates with mitochondrial fission during apoptosis
Authors: Maes M. E. , Grosser J. A. , Fehrman R. L. , Schlamp C. L. , Nickells R. W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBAX, a member of the BCL2 gene family, controls the committed step of the intrinsic apoptotic program. Mitochondrial fragmentation is a commonly observed feature of apoptosis, which occurs through the process of mitochondrial fission. BAX has consistently been associated with mitochondrial fission, yet how BAX participates in the process of mitochondrial fragmentation during apoptosis remains to be tested. Time-lapse imaging of BAX recruitment and mitochondrial fragmentation demonstrates that rapid mitochondrial fragmentation during apoptosis occurs after the complete recruitment of BAX to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). The requirement of a fully functioning BAX protein for the fission process was demonstrated further in BAX/BAK-deficient HCT116 cells expressing a P168A mutant of BAX. The mutant performed fusion to restore the mitochondrial network. but was not demonstrably recruited to the MOM after apoptosis induction. Under these conditions, mitochondrial fragmentation was blocked. Additionally, we show that loss of the fission protein, dynamin-like protein 1 (DRP1), does not temporally affect the initiation time or rate of BAX recruitment, but does reduce the final level of BAX recruited to the MOM during the late phase of BAX recruitment. These correlative observations suggest a model where late-stage BAX oligomers play a functional part of the mitochondrial fragmentation machinery in apoptotic cells.
Effect of different types of statins on kidney function decline and proteinuria: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Esmeijer K. , Dekkers Olaf M. , de Fijter Johan W. , Dekker Friedo W. , Hoogeveen Ellen K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies showed that statins reduce the progression of kidney function decline and proteinuria, but whether specific types of statins are more beneficial than others remains unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to investigate which statin most effectively reduces kidney function decline and proteinuria. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database until July 13, 2018, and included 43 RCTs (>110,000 patients). We performed a pairwise random-effects meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis according to a frequentist approach. We assessed network inconsistency, publication bias, and estimated for each statin the probability of being the best treatment. Considerable heterogeneity was present among the included studies. In pairwise meta-analyses, 1-year use of statins versus control reduced kidney function decline by 0.61 (95%-CI: 0.27; 0.95) mL/min/1.73 m2and proteinuria with a standardized mean difference of −0.58 (95%-CI:−0.88; −0.29). The network meta-analysis for the separate endpoints showed broad confidence intervals due to the small number available RCTs for each individual comparison. In conclusion, 1-year statin use versus control attenuated the progression of kidney function decline and proteinuria. Due to the imprecision of individual comparisons, results were inconclusive as to which statin performs best with regard to renal outcome.
Encapsulation of ovarian allograft precludes immune rejection and promotes restoration of endocrine function in immune-competent ovariectomized mice
Authors: Day James Ronald , David Anu , Barbosa Mayara Garcia de Mattos , Brunette Margaret Ann , Cascalho Marilia , Shikanov Ariella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a significant complication of cytotoxic treatments due to extreme ovarian sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation. POI is particularly devastating for young girls reaching puberty, because it irreversibly affects their physical and cognitive development. Changes occurring during puberty determine their height, bone health, insulin responsiveness, lipid metabolism, cardiovascular health and cognition. The only available treatment for POI during puberty is hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which delivers non-physiological levels of estrogen, lacks other ovarian hormones and pulsatility, and is not responsive to feedback regulation. Here we report that ovarian allografts encapsulated in a hydrogel-based capsule and implanted in ovariectomized mice restore ovarian endocrine function in immune competent mice. Ovarian tissue from BALB/c mice was encapsulated in poly(ethylene-glycol) (PEG) hydrogels, with a proteolytically degradable core and a non-degradable shell. The dual capsules were implanted subcutaneously in immune competent ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice for a period of 60 days. As expected, non-encapsulated ovarian allografts implanted in a control group sensitized the recipients as confirmed with donor-specific IgG in the serum, which increased 26-fold in the 3 weeks following transplantation (p = 0.02) and infiltration of the graft with CD8 T cells consistent with allo-immunity. In contrast, encapsulation in the Dual PEG capsules prevented sensitization to the allograft in all the recipients with no evidence of lymphocytic infiltration. In summary, the approach of hydrogel-based immunoisolation presents a minimally invasive and robust cell-therapy to restore hormonal balance in ovarian insufficiency. This report is the first to demonstrate the application of a tunable PEG-based hydrogel as an immunoisolator of allogeneic ovarian tissue to restore endocrine function in ovariectomized mice and prevent cell-mediated immune rejection in immune competent mice.
Soil carbon and nitrogen fraction dynamics affected by tillage erosion
Authors: Nie Xiao-Jun , Zhang He-Bing , Su Yan-Yan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the impact of tillage erosion on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) fractions is essential for targeted soil conservation in mountainous and hilly areas. However, little is known about this issue. In this study, we selected a tillage erosion-dominated hillslope from the Sichuan Basin, China, to determine the effect of tillage erosion on particulate OC (POC), dissolved OC (DOC), light fraction OC (LFOC), ammonium N (NH4+-N), nitrate N (NO3−-N) and alkali-hydrolysable N (AN). Additionally, we investigated the microbial activities in relation to soil C and N dynamics, including soil microbial biomass, β-glucosidase and urease activities. Tillage erosion induced serious soil loss in upper slope positions and soil deposition in lower slope positions. The observations of the various labile OC fraction distributions across the hillslope suggest that tillage erosion exerts less impact on DOC and LFOC dynamics but a notable effect on POC. The distribution pattern in total organic carbon under tillage erosion mainly depends on POC redistribution. The POC redistribution is a major factor affecting microbial activities. The AN is more prone to the tillage erosion impact than NH4+-N and NO3−-N. Effective soil conservation measures should be taken to weaken the adverse impacts of tillage erosion on POC and AN redistribution in sloping farmlands.
Mucoadhesive effect of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin decreases the ranitidine effect, but not bismuth subsalicylate on ethanol-induced ulcer model
Authors: Orona-Ortiz Alejandra , Medina-Torres Luis , Velázquez-Moyado Josué A. , Pineda-Peña Elizabeth A. , Balderas-López José Luis , Bernad-Bernad María Josefa , Tavares Carvalho José Carlos , Navarrete Andrés 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe study of pharmacological interactions between herbal remedies and conventional drugs is important because consuming traditional herbal remedies as supplements or alternative medicine is fairly common and their concomitant administration with prescribed drugs could either have a favorable or unfavorable effect. Therefore, this work aims to determine the pharmacological interactions of a turmeric acetone extract (TAE) and its main metabolite (curcumin) with common anti-ulcer drugs (ranitidine and bismuth subsalicylate), using an ethanol-induced ulcer model in Wistar rats. The analysis of the interactions was carried out via the Combination Index-Isobologram Equation method. The combination index (CI) calculated at 0.5 of the affected fraction (fa) indicated that the TAE or curcumin in combination with ranitidine had a subadditive interaction. The results suggest that this antagonistic mechanism is associated to the mucoadhesion of curcumin and the TAE, determined by rheological measurements. Contrastingly, both the TAE and curcumin combined with bismuth subsalicylate had an additive relationship, which means that there is no pharmacological interaction. This agrees with the normalized isobolograms obtained for each combination. The results of this study suggest that mucoadhesion of curcumin and the TAE could interfere in the effectiveness of ranitidine, and even other drugs.
Sangivamycin and its derivatives inhibit Haspin-Histone H3-survivin signaling and induce pancreatic cancer cell death
Authors: Bastea Ligia I. , Hollant Laeticia M. A. , Döppler Heike R. , Reid Elizabeth M. , Storz Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrent treatment options for patients with pancreatic cancer are suboptimal, resulting in a five year survival rate of about 9%. Difficulties with treatment are due to an immunosuppressive, fibrotic tumor microenvironment that prevents drugs from reaching tumor cells, but also to the limited efficacy of existing FDA-approved chemotherapeutic compounds. We here show that the nucleoside analog Sangivamycin and its closely-related compound Toyocamycin target PDA cell lines, and are significantly more efficient than Gemcitabine. Using KINOMEscan screening, we identified the kinase Haspin, which is overexpressed in PDA cell lines and human PDA samples, as a main target for both compounds. Inhibition of Haspin leads to a decrease in Histone H3 phosphorylation and prevents Histone H3 binding to survivin, thus providing mechanistic insight of how Sangivamycin targets cell proliferation, mitosis and induces apoptotic cell death. In orthotopically implanted tumors in mice, Sangivamycin was efficient in decreasing the growth of established tumors. In summary, we show that Sangivamycin and derivatives can be an efficient new option for treatment of PDA.
The effect of material defects on resonant spin wave modes in a nanomagnet
Authors: Abeed Md Ahsanul , Sahoo Sourav , Winters David , Barman Anjan , Bandyopadhyay Supriyo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe have theoretically studied how resonant spin wave modes in an elliptical nanomagnet are affected by fabrication defects, such as small local thickness variations. Our results indicate that defects of this nature, which can easily result from the fabrication process, or are sometimes deliberately introduced during the fabrication process, will significantly alter the frequencies, magnetic field dependence of the frequencies, and the power and phase profiles of the resonant spin wave modes. They can also spawn new resonant modes and quench existing ones. All this has important ramifications for multi-device circuits based on spin waves, such as phase locked oscillators for neuromorphic computing, where the device-to-device variability caused by defects can be inhibitory.
The effects of simulated +Gz and microgravity on intervertebral disc degeneration in rabbits
Authors: Wu Di , Zhou Xi , Zheng Chao , He Yu , Yu Lingjia , Qiu Guixing , Wu Zhihong , Wu Ji , Liu Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe overall objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that +Gz (hypergravity/positive acceleration) and microgravity can both aggravate intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Due to +Gz and microgravity, many pilots develop IVDD. However, the lack of animal models of IVDD under conditions of simulated +Gz and microgravity has hampered research on the onset and prevention of IVDD. Rabbits were randomly allotted to a control group, microgravity group, +Gz group, or mixed (+Gz + microgravity) group. A tail-suspension model was utilized to simulate a microgravity environment and an animal centrifuge to mimic +Gz conditions. After exposure to the above conditions for 4, 8, and 24 weeks, the body weights (BW) of animals in the control group gradually increased over time, while those of animals in the microgravity and mixed groups both decreased (p < 0.001). As compared with the control group, the proteoglycan content of animals in the other three groups was significantly reduced (F = 192.83, p < 0.001). The imageological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical changes to the L6–S1 intervertebral disc samples suggests that the effects of +Gz and microgravity can aggravate IVDD over time. The mixed effects of +Gz and microgravity had the greatest effect on degeneration and +Gz had a particularly greater effect than microgravity.
Acoustic Manipulation of Droplets under Reduced Gravity
Authors: Hasegawa Koji , Watanabe Ayumu , Abe Yutaka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContactless manipulation of matter is essential for studying physical phenomena. Acoustic manipulation of liquid samples using ultrasonic phased arrays provides a novel and attractive solution for mid-air manipulation, such as levitation, transportation, coalescence, mixing, separation, evaporation, and extraction, with a simple and single sequence. Despite the importance of gravity in droplet dynamics, its effect on a levitated droplet with an ultrasonic phased array remains unclear. To disseminate acoustic manipulation, better understanding of the fundamental physics of a droplet manipulated by ultrasonic phased arrays is required. Here, we show contactless levitation, transportation, and coalescence of multiple droplets under both ground and reduced gravity. Under ground gravity, the possible levitation size of the sample is limited to below the half wavelength of sound. Under reduced gravity, however, droplets that are larger than the limit can be successfully levitated, transported, and coalesced. Furthermore, the threshold of sound pressure for droplet levitation and manipulation could be minimised with the suppression of nonlinear acoustic phenomena under reduced gravity. These insights promote the development of contactless manipulation techniques of droplets for future space experiment and inhabitancy.
Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease
Authors: Das Apabrita Ayan , Chakravarty Devasmita , Bhunia Debmalya , Ghosh Surajit , Mandal Prakash C. , Siddiqui Khawer N. , Bandyopadhyay Arun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.
Challenges and Strengths of Multidisciplinary Research in Audiology: The EVOTION Example
Authors: Dritsakis Giorgos , Murdin Louisa , Kikidis Dimitris , Saunders Gabrielle H. , Katrakazas Panagiotis , Brdarić Dario , Ploumidou Katherine , Bamiou Doris-Eva 
Published: November 2019

PurposeThe EU-funded research project EVOTION has brought together clinical, technical, and public health experts with the aim to offer a solution for the holistic management of hearing loss. This report presents the challenges, strengths, and key take-home messages of working in this multidisciplinary consortium.MethodFifteen consortium members completed an online survey with 6 open-ended questions. Responses were analyzed using a thematic approach.ResultsAnalysis identified 4 main themes: (a)communication, that is, cross-disciplinary communication difficulties but also range of expertise; (b)opportunities, that is, innovation, learning, and collaborations; (c)technology, that is, technical requirements and data collection and management issues; and (d)local constraints, that is, institutional limitations, resources, and planning.ConclusionsAlthough the challenges reported differed by country and specialty, there was consensus about the value, expertise, and opportunities of the project. It is recommended that in future similar multidisciplinary projects in audiology, researchers establish a common language and assess technical requirements and local constraints prior to initiating research activities.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Lonicera japonica leaf extract and their anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effects
Authors: Yan Luyun , Qiu Beibei , Li Tongtong , Wu Dandan , Zhu Jinhua , Zhao Dongbao 
Published: November 2019

A green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous Lonicera japonica leaf extract (AgNPs‐LLJ) was reported and their anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effects were investigated. In comparison, AgNPs were also synthesised using the liquid phase chemical reduction method (AgNPs‐N2H4 ·H2 O). The synthesised AgNPs were identified using multiple analytical techniques. The results showed that both AgNPs were spherical particles with an average particle size of 20–30 nm for AgNPs‐LLJ and 10–20 nm for AgNPs‐N2H4 ·H2 O. The anti‐inflammatory ability of AgNPs was shown by the effective inhibition against 5‐lipoxygenase with IC50 values of 5.08 μg/mL for AgNPs‐LLJ and 59.12 μg/mL for AgNPs‐N2H4 ·H2 O, indicating that AgNPs‐LLJ had much more obvious anti‐inflammatory effect. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity research on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages showed that AgNPs‐LLJ had no cytotoxicity at the concentration of 40 μg/mL compared with control. Their antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli (EC) and Staphlococcus aureus (SA) were studied by agar well diffusion method. The maximum antibacterial circles of AgNPs‐N2H4 ·H2 O on EC and SA were 15 and 14 mm, respectively, whereas it was 5.0 and 5.0 mm for AgNPs‐LLJ, respectively. The authors conclude that AgNPs‐LLJs have a potential to be a nanomedicine for nanobiomedical applications.