bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for the authentication of milk fat from palm oil
Authors: Windarsih A , Irnawati  , Rohman A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research was aimed to develop Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with chemometrics of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), partial least square (PLS), and principal component regression (PCR) for authentication of milk fat from palm oil adulterant. FTIR spectroscopy and LDA have been successfully used to detect the presence of palm oil in MF. All the adulterated samples were clearly separated with authentic MF shown by the Cooman’s plot. Chemometrics of PLS at the wavenumber of 3033-692 cm-1 using first derivative spectra was successfully applied for the quantification of palm oil in MF. The suitability of the model was presented by its high R2 value both for calibration and validation models, accounting for 1 and 0.9998 respectively and its lower RMSEC (root mean square error of calibration) and RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) value, accounting for 0.154 and 0.743 respectively. Quantification of palm oil was also successfully performed using chemometrics of PCR. The model showed high R2 in both calibration (0.9998) and validation (0.9997) values with lower RMSEC (0.671) and RMSEP (0.905) values. It can be concluded that a combination of FTIR spectroscopy with chemometrics could be used for the authentication of milk fat adulteration.
Antibacterial activity assay of essential oils from limau kuit peel against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Irwan A , Humaida N , Nur H S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils from Limau Kuit (a local variety of limes of South Kalimantan) peel against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, the minimum inhibitory concentration, and to identify compounds of essential oils contained. The essential oil has been isolated by hydro steam distillation and then was analyzed by using GC-MS to identify major compounds of the essential oils which were supposed as antibacterial agents. The result of this research showed the oils had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 at concentrations 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% with minimum inhibitory concentration 25% wet and dry sample. There was no significant difference in MIC between the two samples. At low concentrations, essential oils from wet samples had better inhibition power than dry samples up to a concentration of 75%. But at a concentration of 100%, their inhibitory power tended to decrease. Based on GC-MS data were demonstrated of 15 compounds in the wet sample and 16 compounds in the dry sample. Five major compounds of essential oil from Limau Kuit peel were limonene, γ-terpinene, β-pinene, α-pinene, and sabinene. Meanwhile, it was known that compounds limonene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, β-pinene, α-terpineol, sabinene, and terpinen-4-ol had antibacterial activity.
Synthesis and property of porous material for sustainable resources-based biosensor: A review
Authors: Saputra N A , Pari G , Darmawan S , Hendra D , Harsini M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the biosensor synthesis from teak lignocellulosic material. Nanocarbon was produced in drum-kiln at a temperature of 400-500°C for 7-8 hours. The activation procedure at a temperature of 800°C for 1 hour using H2O and KOH activator and characterized by proximate analysis. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and non-imprinted polymer (NIP) techniques were applied for biosensor synthesis, while potential measurements and detection limits were used to measure product performance. This study shows that the optimal formula was a mixture of 15% MIP, 45% carbon, and 40% paraffin which produced a Nernst factor of 49.7mV/decade and detection limit of 1.02 x 10-6 M. Related references were reviewed in this paper.
The physicochemical characteristics of cassava starch modified by ultrasonication
Authors: Satmalawati E M , Pranoto Y , Marseno D W , Marsono Y 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, cassava starch was modified using physical modification by ultrasonication. Ultrasonication, known as one of the advanced oxidation methods, is environmentally friendly. Modified starches using ultrasonication are still relatively lacking. This research aims to evaluate the stage of oxidation through carbonyl and carboxyl contents, amylose content, and physicochemical characteristics (swelling power, solubility, paste viscosity, brightness) of ultrasonicated starch. Ultrasonication was carried out in combination amplitude (60% and 80%) and process duration (10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes) consisting of eight combinations. The results showed that ultrasonication did not significantly affect the degree of oxidation. Ultrasonication has more effect on starch depolymerization, mainly on amylose content, solubility, and paste viscosity. Considering the issue of environmentally friendly modification that continues to be campaigned for, ultrasonication can be the method of choice for obtaining starch with the characteristics as needed.
Morphological, thermal, and pasting properties of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittofolium) starch from three locations in Mollucas Islands
Authors: Lopulalan C G C , Pranoto Y , Marsono Y , Marseno D W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the morphological, thermal, and pasting properties of cocoyam starch from three locations in Mollucas islands. The islands are Buru, Porto, and Saumlaki. The results showed that starch granules were round and polygonal in shape, and the size varied significantly in range of 11,42 – 12,99 μm, while the range of crystallinity of the three cocoyam starches studied was 11,81% -16,61% and crystal type was A, this was a type for tubers. The thermal properties of cocoyam starch measured by DCS showed the results of onset (To), peak (Tp), endset (Te) and enthalpy (ΔH) in the range of To: 76-77oC, Tp: 78-80oC, Te: 82-86oC and Δ H (J / g): -130.0 - (-) 175.76 respectively. The FTIR analysis showed the functional group profiles of native starches studied had the highest absorption spectra of 3286.70-3325.86 cm-1 (O-H group vibrations). The peak, trough, breakdown, setback, and final viscosities were in the range of each PV: 4601 - 5155 RVU, TV: 2623 - 2874 RVU, BV: 1978 - 2287 RVU, FV: 4026 - 4176 RVU, SV: 1240 - 1403 RVU, Pt (Min) 7.87 - 8.40, PT (o C): 79.90 - 81.70.
Packaging and storage of cocoa beans fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 in Agricultural Technology Park Nglanggeran, Yogyakarta
Authors: Marwati T , Djaafar T F , Indrasari S D , Widodo S , Cahyaningrum N , Fajariyah A , Sulasmi  , Susanto D E , Yanti R , Rahayu E S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In Gunungkidul, there is Agricultural Techno Park (ATP) Nglanggeran which processes fermented cocoa beans from local farmers for making chocolate products. This research aimed to obtain a suitable packaging method for fermented cocoa beans during storage in ATP Nglanggeran. This research was carried out using a completely randomized factorial design. The first factor was the addition of starter (B), which consisted of B1 (with Lactobacillus plantarum HL 15) and B2 (without Lactobacillus plantarum HL 15). The second factor was the packaging methods (K), which consisted of K1 (vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness), K2 (non-vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness), K3 (plastic container), K4 (vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness stored within the plastic container), and K5 (nylon sack). The third factor was the storage time (P), which were P0 (0 month), P1 (1 month), and P2 (2 months). The result showed that the samples with the addition of the starter had a lower number of fungal colonies than those without the addition. Besides, the packaging using vacuumed PP plastic 0.8 mm in thickness stored within a plastic container gave the best result on minimizing the total fungal growth contamination and the peroxide value.
The assessment of good manufacturing practices (GMP) implementation and critical control point (CCP) determination on the cocoa powder processing in Agricultural Techno Park Nglanggeran, Yogyakarta
Authors: Djaafar T F , Utami T , Marwati T , Pramesi P C , Wikandari R , Rahayu E S 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCocoa powder is a cocoa-based food product. Indonesian cocoa powder has a big potential in the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) market. Agricultural Agro Techno Park is a company that produces cocoa powder in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. This company realizes the importance of improving their product safety. Therefore, the research aimed to determine the safety quality of cocoa powder produced by Agricultural Agro Techno Park by assessing its Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) implementation and determining the critical control points. The results of assessment of GMP implementation showed that it was categorized in Level IV (the lowest level). Thus, it is strongly recommended to do some corrective actions that identified some incompatibilities before planning the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP). The flow chart assessment showed that there were two stages that might affect the cocoa powder quality. The stages were receiving raw material and the storage at a low temperature. From the determination of the critical control points which was conducted to improve the cocoa powder quality, the same two stages were also found as the critical control points that might affect the final product quality.
Quality attributes of probiotic-enriched chocolate: A preliminary study
Authors: Saputro A D , Hati F I P , Yuda W A , Yanti R , Marwati T , Djaafar T F , Utami T , Rahayu E S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Research on the development of foods containing probiotics is growing, such as research in the incorporation of probiotics in chocolate. Nevertheless, the quality attributes of the probiotic-enriched chocolate have not been fully explored. This present study is a preliminary study to the impact of ingredients proportion and processing method on the quality attributes of probiotic milk chocolate, more specifically on moisture content, appearance, hardness, rheological behavior, and microstructural characteristics. In this study, four different formulations and processing methods were involved. Skim milk powder was used as a freeze-dried probiotic replacer as it has high similarity in terms of physical characteristics. The result showed that chocolate containing freeze-dried probiotic powder replacer (Choc B) tended to have the comparable hardness and L*values to the chocolate reference (Choc A). However, hardness and L* values of milk chocolates enriched with freeze-dried probiotic powder replacer formulated with milk butter (Choc C and Choc D) were lower than that of chocolate reference (Choc A). Concerning the moisture level and flow parameters, Choc C exhibited higher moisture content and flow parameters values than other chocolates. Microstructural visualization showed that all chocolates exhibited a low level of agglomeration degree with particle sizes in the range of 19-32 μm.
The effect of tiwai onion extract drink on the malondialdehyde levels in mice (Mus musculus L.)
Authors: Saputra S H , Ismail S , Yustini P E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Tiwai onion contains secondary metabolic compounds of phenol, alkaloid, terpenoid, and has antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactivity. The antioxidant of tiwai onion can be used for supplement drinks. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best treatment of tiwai onion extract drinks on malondialdehyde levels in mice (Mus musculus L.). This study used a completely randomized design with one factor consisting of 8 levels of treatments: 1) new oil (mb) as the control, used cooking oil (mj) as the control, sugarless tiwai onion extract drink (ebt) with the doses of 3) 2% ebt, 4) 4% ebt, and 5) 8% ebt, and tiwai onion extract with sugar (meb) with the doses of 6) 2% meb, 7) 4% meb, and 8) 8% meb. The data obtained were analyzed using the analysis of variance and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The malondialdehyde level in mice was a test parameter. The results showed that the best treatment was obtained at a 2% dose for each of sugarless tiwai onion extract drink and tiwai onion extract drink with sugar with an average of malondialdehyde levels in the mice of 26.380% and 20.215%, respectively.
The potentials and prospects of tidal swamp local brown rice as a nutrition source of iron and zinc and the parent of rice breeding
Authors: Khairullah I , Sarwani M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Brown-rice originating from local tidal swamp rice is identified as having high iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) content. This paper aims to elaborate the potentials and prospects of Fe and Zn content of brown rice in tidal swamp local rice, especially from South Kalimantan. This research was carried out at tidal swampland of Belandean Experimental Station, Barito Kuala District South Kalimantan. A total of 71 local varieties of tidal swamp rice originating from the tidal swampland were planted in a 2 m x 5 m plot. The planting system was followed by the South Kalimantan farmers’ traditional system with three times transplanting. The harvested rice was threshed and then milled which was still aleuron. The analysis of Fe and Zn of the brown rice was carried out in the laboratory of The Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research (at present ICALRD) Bogor. The results of the analysis of Fe and Zn levels of rice showed that levels of Fe and Zn of brown rice varied greatly. Fe levels ranged from 11-83 ppm, where Fe levels of local varieties were higher than high yielding varieties. Likewise, levels of Zn with a wide enough interval, which ranged from 20-108 ppm Zn. Among 71 brown rice local varieties, Siam Panangah showed high levels of Fe and Zn, which were 54 ppm Fe and 108 ppm Zn. The brown rice can be used as a source of nutrition Fe and Zn and as the parents in rice breeding with high Fe and Zn content.
Cadmium binding to antioxidant enzymes: in silico study
Authors: Komari N , Suhartono E 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can be used for industry. Cd is toxic and can damage the kidneys, neurotoxic, glucose metabolism disorders and others. The reaction of Cd with protein causes oxidative stress, which is an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant enzymes include Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione reductase (GSR). There are not many studies that explain the interactions between Cd and antioxidant enzymes. For this reason, this research was carried out using in silico. The structure of the enzymes was obtained from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org) with the following code SOD (PDB ID 1E9Q), CAT (PDB ID 3RGP), and GSR (PDB ID 1GRT). Cd interactions with these enzymes were used by MIB: Metal Ion-Binding site prediction and docking server (http://bioinfo.cmu.edu.tw/MIB/). The interactions between Cd and amino acids of targeted protein were visualized on UCSF Chimera 1.14. The results of the study identified amino acid residues involved in the mechanism of binding of Cd with antioxidant enzymes. SOD binding sites with Cd were GLU-121 and SER-142; CAT binding sites were amino acid residues of HIS-230, ASP-228, HIS-181, HIS-109 and ASP-178; GSR binding sites were HIS-503 and TYR-502.
Investigation on the antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of purun tikus root (Eleocharis dulcis)
Authors: Rosyidah K , Sari L A P , Rohman T 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
One of the vegetations growing in tidal swampland and lebak is purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) which belongs to the Cyperaceae family. This research studied the antibacterial activity of methanol extract from purun tikus root on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacteria. The chemical compounds of purun tikus root were extracted using the maceration method with methanol solvent, followed by thickening the filtrate using a rotary evaporator. The results of phytochemical screening showed that purun tikus root contains phenolic, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds. The result showed that this extract has the activity to inhibit the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria at a concentration of 2500 µg/ml and 3000 µg/ml, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value of the methanol extract from purun tikus (E. dulcis) root for both S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria was 6,25 µg/ml. Based on the linear regression calculation, S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E. coli ATCC 25922 inhibited at a concentration of 0.96 !g/ml and 1µg/ml, respectively. The GC-MS spectrum showed that methanol extract of purun tikus contained compounds of the furfural group, namely furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and furfuryl alcohol.
The antioxidant activity of white kapul (Baccaurea macrocarpa) fruit rinds
Authors: Astuti M D , Ana W F , Rosyidah K , Rodiansono  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The antioxidant activity of white kapul (Baccaurea macrocarpa) fruit rinds was investigated in this research. Baccaurea macrocarpa fruit rinds were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, consecutively. All extracts were determined for their antioxidant activity based on the DPPH method. The yields from hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract were 0.14%, 0.64%, and 0.94%, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extract (IC50 22.968 ppm), followed by the activity from ethyl acetate extract (IC50 29.741 ppm), and hexane extract (IC50 141.931 ppm). As a comparison, the IC50 of vitamin C was 5.019 ppm.
Antioxidant activity of Porphyridium cruentum water extracts for cosmetic cream
Authors: Agustina S , Aidha N N , Oktarina E , Setiawati I 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Porphyridium cruentum is one of the microalgae that has antioxidant capacity. These antioxidants are useful for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. The purpose of this study was to obtain antioxidants from P. cruentum which will be used in cosmetic products as a cream. P. cruentum was extracted by maceration method for one hour with water as solvent (5 g/L) and encapsulated using maltodextrin with a spray dryer. The variable concentration of maltodextrin was 50 g/L, 100 g/L, and 150 g/L. Characterizations observed for encapsulated microalgae extracts were the antioxidants capacity and proximate analysis; hence for cosmetic cream were the antioxidants capacity and microbiological contaminant. The best result was P. cruentum extract encapsulated with maltodextrin 50 g/L which gave antioxidant capacity as AEAC 7.07 mg vit. C/100 g sample and IC50 484.09 mg/mL. The cosmetic cream with addition encapsulated P. cruentum extract gave antioxidant capacity as AEAC on 8.12 mg Vit. C/g sample and IC50 29.08 mg/mL. The microbial and heavy metals contaminant for cream were below the threshold according to BPOM regulation. Based on these results, the P. cruentum has the potential to be used in the cosmetics industry.
Physicochemical properties of fermented rice bran in optimal lactic acid bacteria growth
Authors: Nisa K , Handayani S , Rosyida V T , Nurhayati S , Apriyana W , Indrianingsih A W , Darsih C , Ekamuri D A , Ningrum D A S , Siswanti  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties of fermented rice bran in optimal incubation time with two lactic acid bacteria. Fermented rice bran was prepared by inoculation of rice bran using Lactococcus lactic and Lactobacillus plantarum (6.0-7.5 x 104 CFU/mL) at 37°C for 96 h in a solid state condition. Physicochemical composition of fermented rice bran was analyzed by proximate, color test, reducing sugar, solubility, phenolic content and morphology image. Fermentation of rice bran with lactic acid bacteria had increased its protein content and phenolic content (25-70%). In contrast, fat content, carbohydrate, and reducing sugar of rice bran were decreasing during fermentation. SEM analysis indicated changes in rice bran surface structure after enzymatic process compared to unfermented rice bran.
The effect of heat treatment of java plum seed extract on its polyphenolics content and antioxidant activities
Authors: Rohadi R , Iswoyo I , Larasati D 
Published: January 2021

AbstractButylated hydroxy anisole (BHA) is widely added in lipid and food lipid as a preservative and it is effective for inhibiting lipid peroxidation. However, BHA raised doubt would be the health impact for consumers. The methanolic extract of Java Plum seed (MEJS) contains a diverse group of phenolic compounds, it has potential as a natural antioxidant. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of heating treatment on total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of MEJS. Heating treatment applied on MEJS at 110, 120, 130, 140 and 150°C/10 minutes and heating time (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes/110°C). The results showed that heating of the extract at the temperature rose to 130°C should decrease the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total tannin content (TTC) slightly, coincided with a decrease of the reducing power, but it could increase the free radical scavenging activity. Heating treatment at 110°C for about first ten minutes had a positive impact on increasing of its phenolics content and antioxidant activities. However, heating further at a higher temperature (>130°C) gave a bad influence on the free radicals scavenging activity. The extract heated at the 130°C/10 minutes gave the best EC50 value as 140 ppm.
Empty fruit bunches, potential fiber source for Indonesian pulp and paper industry
Authors: Indriati L , Elyani N , Dina S F 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmpty fruit bunches (EFB) is one of solid waste from crude palm oil (CPO) mill. It’s about 20-22% from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) or equal to the CPO yield. Indonesian CPO production in 2019 was 51.8 million tons; increased by 9% compared to 2018. So, about 51.8 million tons of EFB was available in 2019. EFB is a potential lignocellulosic material for pulp and paper. The utilization of EFB fibers for papermaking has been studied extensively. The use of EFB for printing and writing papers tends to cause pitch problems and poor visual appearance. The most potential use of EFB fibers is for packaging papers. EFB fiber is classified as short up to moderate fibers, so its usage must still be mixed with other fibers to improve the sheet strength. Many experiments have been done regarding the mixture of EFB fibers with other fibers such as OCC (Old Corrugated Containers) and UBC (Used Beverage Cartons) recycled fibers. Other types of paper from EFB are still being developed, including for nursery bags and active packaging papers.
Online monitoring for processes and condition of a machine using smart management card
Authors: Damanik I A V , Rumbara R D , Juhana N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This work aims to propose a solution on online monitoring for machining in the manufacturing process through web service, so that all data usage and machine conditions are obtained and stored on the server as Big-Data. The methodology in this work is RFID-based sensors on machines with Card Management System (CMS). Machining data of each machines that are monitored through a self-made application, connected to the internet networking and can be accessed online from everywhere by using laptop or mobile devices. Those machine activities as data record, stored on the server as big data that further can be used as Big-Data analytic. The result will be a system model which is able to monitor all machines in real-time and online by using internet connectivity, and also to find out the current status of the machine whether available or not for a new process. In addition, we can also know the process of the work being done by the machine with the use of RFID Card. This real-time data are also used to prevent sudden engine damage by doing regular maintenance according to work-hour of machines and also to maintain the sustainability of the process to keep it on schedule.