bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemostatic prophylaxis and colonoscopy outcomes for patients with bleeding disorders: A retrospective cohort study and review of the literature
Authors: Azer Sarah M. , Eckerman Amy L. , Rodriguez Vilmarie , Nichols William L. , Ashrani Aneel A. , Hook C. Christopher , Marshall Ariela L. , Pruthi Rajiv K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionHemostatic prophylaxis (HP) is recommended for patients with bleeding disorders (PWBD) before invasive procedures. However, evidence‐based guidelines are needed to determine optimal HP strategies.AimTo determine outcomes of HP for PWBD undergoing colonoscopy.MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study of HP and outcomes of colonoscopy procedures performed between 9 November 1993 and 13 February 2018 for PWBD who received care in the Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Hemophilia Treatment Center.ResultsDuring the study period, 73 PWBD (58 with milder phenotypes: haemophilia, von Willebrand disease [subtypes 1 and 2; II, VII and XI deficiency]) underwent 141 procedures. Preprocedural HP was given to 61%, and interventions were performed in 47%. Of the 39% without preprocedural HP, postprocedural HP was given for 11%. One major (0.7%; 6 days postprocedure despite HP) and 10 minor (7%) bleeding complications occurred, which tended to be in patients with severe disease and/or after excision of larger polyps. There was no significant difference in the rate of bleeding complications with or without preprocedural HP (8.1% vs 5.5%, respectively; P = .74, Fisher's exact test).ConclusionThe low bleeding rates in our cohort suggest that preprocedure HP may be withheld for patients with mild bleeding disorders who undergo colonoscopy with a low likelihood of requiring an intervention or who require only low‐risk intervention. This strategy may be best used in experienced centres, provided optimal local hemostasis measures are undertaken and postprocedural HP is rapidly available if high‐risk intervention is required. Further studies are needed to determine optimal evidence‐based HP strategies for PWBD undergoing colonoscopy.
An unusual cause of subacute airway obstruction in a hemodialysis patient with brachio‐cephalic arteriovenous fistula: A rare presentation of central venous occlusion
Authors: Hamzan Muhammad Izzuddin , Hamid Ahmad Rizal , Halim Ahmad Sukari , Mat Saad Arman Zaharil 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA young lady with an arteriovenous (AV) fistula on hemodialysis was referred for surgical management following a failed endovascular approach to relieve central venous occlusion. She had an obstructed left brachiocephalic vein with a history of numerous central vein catheter placements. Alternative routes for new arteriovenous fistula creation had been exhausted due to previous contralateral upper limb fistula rupture and ligation. To the best of our knowledge, no similar cases of airway obstruction in central venous occlusion occurring in hemodialysis patients with AV fistula have been reported. The importance of identifying the possible emergency red flags in hemodialysis patients with central venous occlusion is important to prevent unwanted consequences.
Clinicopathological and survival analyses of primary cutaneous angiosarcoma in an Asian population: prognostic value of the clinical features of skin lesions
Authors: Moon Ik Jun , Kim Young Jae , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo , Choi Jee Ho , Lee Woo Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous angiosarcoma (CA) is a rare but aggressive tumor with a high rate of local recurrence. This study was designed to analyze the clinicopathological features of primary CA and identify factors of cutaneous manifestations associated with the prognosis of angiosarcoma.MethodsMedical records of 55 patients with primary CA were retrospectively analyzed to investigate clinical features, survivals, and prognostic factors. Anatomical location of tumor was classified to the scalp, face, and neck, and sites outside the head and neck.ResultsPrimary CA presented cutaneous nodules (31/55, 47.2%), patches (13/55, 23.6%), and indurated plaques (11/55, 20.0%). Nodular lesion was significantly more common in CA on the scalp compared to CA on sites outside the scalp. Histologically, tumors presenting as nodular lesions on the scalp was predominantly composed of solid sheets of large pleomorphic cells, whereas non‐nodular lesions composed of tumor cells between collagen bundles forming irregular vascular spaces. Cutaneous angiosarcoma on the scalp showed a worse prognosis compared to CA on sites outside the scalp. Patients presenting clinical morphology with nodules and multiple skin lesions showed significantly reduced overall survival (OS).ConclusionIn primary CA, location on the scalp, morphology with nodules, and multiplicity of skin lesions significantly affected survival outcomes.
Accuracy and acceptability of survivorship care plans: results of a pilot study
Authors: Koczwara Bogda , Doherty Tracey N. , Hislop Chantelle C. , Cameron Kate , Bessen Taryn , Christensen Chris , Corsini Nadia , Fitzgerald Michael K. , Loft Nicole , Poprawski Dagmara M. , Turpin Kate H. , Eckert Marion C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSurvivorship treatment summaries and care plans are increasingly incorporated into cancer care but there are limited data on their accuracy and acceptability. We have evaluated written care plans developed as part of a once‐off, nurse‐led survivorship consultations across four medical oncology clinics in South Australia as part of a state‐wide pilot. While the accuracy of treatment summaries was high, level of detail in care plans was moderate to low, as was survivors' perception of plans' utility.
James Cook's first Pacific voyage: alleged scurvy‐freedom unmasked
Authors: Short Bruce H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe east coast of New Holland was discovered 250 years ago during a voyage of covert strategic exploration of the Pacific Ocean regions by Lieutenant James Cook acting under instructions of the Royal Navy espionage chief, Philip Stephens, Secretary of the Admiralty. In addition to the study of the transit of Venus, the well resourced mission included some clandestine mapmaking during August 1768 to July 1771. Tasked by the Royal Society of London to investigate the anti‐scorbutic effects of a variety of foods and herbs, Cook's post‐operational debrief to the Admiralty included the inaccurate supposition that HM Bark Endeavour's cruise was scurvy‐free. Why did Cook extend deceptive cartographic practices deliberately to conceal the apparent failure of the anti‐scorbutic comestibles?
Antibiotic tigecycline inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion via down‐regulating CCNE2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Jie , Dong Zhen , Ren Aishu , Fu Gang , Zhang Kui , Li Changhong , Wang Xiangwei , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecently, many researches have reported that antibiotic tigecycline has significant effect on cancer treatment. However, biomedical functions and molecular mechanisms of tigecycline in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unclear. In the current study, we tried to assess the effect of tigecycline in PDAC cells. AsPC‐1 and HPAC cells were treated with indicated concentrations of tigecycline for indicated time, and then, MTT, BrdU and soft agar assay were used to test cell proliferation. The effect of tigecycline on cell cycle and cellular apoptosis was tested by cytometry. Migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and transwell migration/invasion assay. Expressions of cell cycle‐related and migration/invasion‐related protein were determined by using Western blot. The results revealed that tigecycline observably suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and blocked cell migration/invasion via holding back the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in PDAC. In addition, tigecycline also remarkably blocked tumorigenecity in vivo. Furthermore, the effects of tigecycline alone or combined with gemcitabine in vitro or on PDAC xenografts were also performed. The results showed that tigecycline enhanced the chemosensitivity of PDAC cells to gemcitabine. Interestingly, we found CCNE2 expression was declined distinctly after tigecycline treatment. Then, CCNE2 was overexpressed to rescue tigecycline‐induced effect. The results showed that CCNE2 overexpression significantly rescued tigecycline‐inhibited cell proliferation and migration/invasion. Collectively, we showed that tigecycline inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion via down‐regulating CCNE2, and tigecycline might be used as a potential drug for PDAC treatment alone or combined with gemcitabine.
Organizational structures and early mobilization practices in South African public sector intensive care units—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tadyanemhandu Cathrine , van Aswegen Heleen , Ntsiea Veronica 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRationaleUnderstanding current early mobilization practice of patients in intensive care unit (ICU) is critical to the design and implementation of strategies to facilitate its application in a diverse population of critically ill patients encountered in public sector hospitals.AimTo evaluate the organizational structures of South African public sector hospital ICUs and to describe early mobilization practices in these units.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was done in participating public hospitals from eight provinces in South Africa. Convenience sampling was done. Data collected included hospital and ICU structure, adult patient demographic and clinical data, and mobilization activities done in ICU over the previous 24 hours prior to the day of the survey.ResultsA total of 29 ICUs from 13 participating hospitals were surveyed resulting in 205 patient records. Majority of the surveyed ICUs were “open” type (n = 16; 55.2%). A standardized sedation scoring system was used in 18 units (62.1%) and only two units (6.9%) had an early mobilization protocol in place. Mean age of the patients surveyed was 43.5 (±17.7) years and 148 (72.2%) patients were on mechanical ventilation. Primary reasons for admission to ICU included traumatic injury (n = 86; 42%) and postoperative care (n = 33; 16.1%). Mobilization activities performed in the previous 24 hours included turning the patient in bed (n = 88; 42.9%), marching on the spot (n = 9; 4.4%) and walking (n = 10; 4.9%). Out‐of‐bed mobilization was done in only 40 (19.5%) patients. The most common barriers to early mobilization included patient unresponsiveness (n = 50; 24.4%) and hemodynamic instability (n = 42; 20.5%). The type of ventilation was found to have a significant positive relationship with out‐of‐bed patient mobilization (P= .000).ConclusionsA small proportion of patients attained their highest level of mobilization in ICU. The type of ventilation influenced early mobilization practices in public sector ICUs in South Africa.
Frequent emergency department use in the paediatric population: A systematic literature review
Authors: Giannouchos Theodoros V. , Washburn David J. , Gary Jodie C. , Foster Margaret J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe systematically reviewed the literature on paediatric frequent emergency department (ED) users to identify and to synthesize characteristics and factors associated with frequent ED utilization among this population in the United States.MethodsWe searched Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), and Embase (Ovid) to identify all relevant studies after 1990. We focused on US studies analysing paediatric frequent ED (PFED) users excluding those focused on specific subgroups. Two reviewers independently selected articles and extracted data on predisposing, enabling, behavioural, need and reinforcing factors.ResultsFifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. PFED users comprised 3% to 14% of all paediatric ED users and accounted for 9% to 42% of all paediatric ED visits in 11 studies that defined frequent use as four to six ED visits per year. Most PFED users were less than 5 years old who had public insurance coverage and a regular provider. Public insurance compared to private residency in disadvantaged areas, having at least one chronic or complex condition and a history of hospitalization, were associated with frequent use. Children who had a regular primary care provider were less likely to exhibit frequent ED use.ConclusionsMinimizing unnecessary ED visits by frequent utilizers is a quality improvement and cost‐saving priority for health systems. Our findings indicate that many PFED users have greater healthcare needs and face barriers accessing care in a timely manner, even though some have regular providers. To better address the needs of this vulnerable group, health systems should focus on educating caregivers and expanding access to providers in other settings.
Early Childhood Trauma Impact on Adolescent Brain Development, Decision Making Abilities, and Delinquent Behaviors: Policy Implications for Juveniles Tried in Adult Court Systems
Authors: Williams Ashley 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBy examining previous literature on the brain’s developmental process during adolescence, this paper aims to determine how early childhood trauma potentially effects decision making in adolescence through exploring self‐regulation theory. Through a self‐regulation framework, the hope is to determine the connection, if any, between early childhood trauma, delinquent behavior, and involvement in the juvenile justice system. The author insists that not only do adolescents have less culpability due to their brain developmental stage compared to adults, but also early childhood trauma puts adolescents at a greater risk of impaired self‐regulation which allows for more probable delinquent behavior. This paper also considers implications for social policy makers and youth advocates concerned with juvenile offenders tried in adult courts and existing racial disparities in the system.
Sustained Outcomes? an Exploratory Study of Juvenile Drug Courts and Long‐Term Recidivism
Authors: Belisle Linsey , Thompson Kevin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis exploratory study examined juvenile drug courts’ effect on adulthood recidivism. Utilizing a twelve‐year average follow up time, adult recidivism rates were compared between previous juvenile drug court participants and a comparison group of juveniles who participated in traditional probation. Linear regression models indicated limited recidivism effects of drug court on arrests or convictions into adulthood. The findings suggest that gender and race may play a role in how justice‐involved juveniles interact and experience juvenile drug court, highlighting the need for gender‐responsive and culturally responsive policies, practices, and programs within juvenile drug courts. Recommendations are made regarding future research areas and ways to potentially improve long‐term juvenile drug court outcomes.
Adverse Drug Events in Older Adults: Review of Adjudication Methods in Deprescribing Studies
Authors: Ross, MSc candidate Sydney B. , Wu Peter E. , Atique, MD candidate Anika , Papillon‐Ferland Louise , Tamblyn Robyn , Lee Todd C. , McDonald Emily G. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESPolypharmacy is common in older adults and associated with adverse drug events (ADEs). Several methods have been described in studies to help correlate ADE causation. We performed a narrative review to identify methods for ADE adjudication. We compared their strengths and limitations to assess their applicability to deprescribing studies (of which clinical trials are a subset) and to encourage the use of a standardized method in future studies.DESIGNWe performed a review of original articles (1946‐2019) using the Medline (Ovid) and Cochrane databases. We also conducted a manual reference search of review articles. Abstracts were screened for relevance.MEASUREMENTSAdjudication methods were compared for advantages and limitations including validity, ease of use, and applicability to clinical trials with deprescribing as the primary intervention.RESULTSThe search yielded 1881 articles of which 175 articles were included for full‐text review. Following in‐depth review, 135 were excluded: 79 had no ADE outcome data, 35 were not specific to older adults, 9 were not relevant, 6 were review articles, 5 contained duplicate data, and 1 was not written in French or English. Forty articles remained for analysis, from which we identified 10 unique ADE adjudication methods. No method was developed originally for use in a deprescribing setting.CONCLUSIONA standard method to identify ADEs is important to capture the outcome reliably in deprescribing studies. All methods we identified had limitations in terms of capturing adverse events from the withdrawal of medications. Future work should focus on refining adjudication methods for capturing ADEs related not only to medication continuation and new drug starts but also to deprescribing and drug discontinuation. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1594‐1602, 2020.
Brain region‐specific amyloid plaque‐associated myelin lipid loss, APOE deposition and disruption of the myelin sheath in familial Alzheimer’s disease mice
Authors: Kaya Ibrahim , Jennische Eva , Lange Stefan , Tarik Baykal Ahmet , Malmberg Per , Fletcher John S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregates forming neuritic plaques lead to impairment of the lipid‐rich myelin sheath and glia. In this study, we examined focal myelin lipid alterations and the disruption of the myelin sheath associated with amyloid plaques in a widely used familial Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model; 5xFAD. This AD mouse model has Aβ42 peptide‐rich plaque deposition in the brain parenchyma. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry of coronal brain tissue sections revealed focal Aβ plaque‐associated depletion of multiple myelin‐associated lipid species including sulfatides, galactosylceramides, and specific plasmalogen phopshatidylethanolamines in the hippocampus, cortex, and on the edges of corpus callosum. Certain phosphatidylcholines abundant in myelin were also depleted in amyloid plaques on the edges of corpus callosum. Further, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and lysophosphatidylcholines, implicated in neuroinflammation, were found to accumulate in amyloid plaques. Double staining of the consecutive sections with fluoromyelin and amyloid‐specific antibody revealed amyloid plaque‐associated myelin sheath disruption on the edges of the corpus callosum which is specifically correlated with plaque‐associated myelin lipid loss only in this region. Further, apolipoprotein E, which is implicated in depletion of sulfatides in AD brain, is deposited in all the Aβ plaques which suggest apolipoprotein E might mediate sulfatide depletion as a consequence of an immune response to Aβ deposition. This high‐spatial resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry study in combination with (immuno) fluorescence staining of 5xFAD mouse brain provides new understanding of morphological, molecular and immune signatures of Aβ plaque pathology‐associated myelin lipid loss and myelin degeneration in a brain region‐specific manner.
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Retinol and α‐tocopherol in pregnancy: Establishment of reference intervals and associations with CBC
Authors: Liu Jingrui , Zhan Sien , Jia Yan , Li Youran , Liu Ying , Dong Ying , Tang Guodong , Li Lin , Zhai Yanhong , Cao Zheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractProfound physiological changes during pregnancy may affect the requirement of retinol and tocopherol, which are essential micronutrients for the maintenance of maternal health and foetal development. However, the current reference intervals (RIs) of retinol and tocopherol are based on non‐pregnant population. In the present study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantitation method for serum retinol and α‐tocopherol was established and validated. In addition, we established trimester‐specific RIs of retinol and α‐tocopherol using the data from paired screening test for 31,301 outpatients who participated in the prenatal vitamins A/E evaluation program at our hospital using the Hoffmann method, which is a simple indirect RI estimation method that does not require the recruitment of healthy subjects. Further, to explore the associations between the levels of retinol and α‐tocopherol and the parameters of complete blood count (CBC), the results of retinol, α‐tocopherol, and CBC of 1,977 pregnant outpatients in the third trimester were analysed. The testing interval between the levels of vitamins and CBC was no more than 7 days. Although no significant changes were noticed in the levels of retinol, the α‐tocopherol levels continuously increased with normal physiological changes throughout pregnancy. Lower retinol levels were associated with the higher incidence of anaemia, whereas higher levels of retinol and lower levels of α‐tocopherol were associated with higher platelet count.
Understanding feeding practices of Latinx mothers of infants and toddlers at risk for childhood obesity: A qualitative study
Authors: McFarren Hannah , Vazquez Christian , Jacobs Elizabeth A. , Dela Tejera Giovanna , Gray Megan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInfancy and toddlerhood are critical stages for the development of habits that can lead to future obesity, and caregivers have an important influence on these habits. We conducted this qualitative semistructured interview study to explore the feeding practices of Latinx mothers of young children who are at risk for childhood obesity in order to identify targets for obesity prevention. We interviewed Latinx mothers (N = 14) of a child ages 6–18 months with a weight‐for‐length ratio > 85th percentile at the time of recruitment. Two researchers independently read through the interviews, identified sections of the interviews pertaining to feeding, and used constant comparative methods to identify the following common themes: mothers overwhelmingly reported permissive feeding styles, driving overfeeding and frequent night‐time feeding. Mothers expressed some difficulty with transitioning to solid foods and reported desiring to feed their child healthy foods by minimizing juice and giving vegetables. Paediatricians and WIC staff were viewed by mothers as trustworthy sources of nutrition information. Most identified a connection between their child's weight and diet, but many lacked the insight or capacity to change their current practices. The mothers in our study provide insight into factors that may predispose young children to obesity and thus potential avenues to support these families. Healthcare providers can better serve them by giving clear, actionable advice on healthy feeding practices for their child, while understanding constraints that may make healthy habits difficult to implement. Paediatricians should be honest about their child's weight status early on to allow time for intervention.