bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutions and other things: critical hermeneutics, postphenomenology and material engagement theory
Authors: Ransom Tailer G. , Gallagher Shaun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDon Ihde and Lambros Malafouris (Philosophy and Technology 32:195–214, 2019) have argued that “we are homo faber not just because we make things but also because we are made by them.” The emphasis falls on the idea that the things that we create, use, rely on—that is, those things with which we engage—have a recursive effect on human existence. We make things, but we also make arrangements, many of which are long-standing, material, social, normative, economic, institutional, and/or political, and many of which are supported by various technologies, including AI, more and more. Critical theorists, such as Habermas, have argued that we need a “depth” or critical hermeneutics (one that combines hermeneutical understanding with scientific explanation) to provide a full account of this kind of recursivity. For Habermas, the explanatory aspect of critical hermeneutics has been modeled on neo-Marxist and neo-Freudian theories. We propose a new critical hermeneutical approach that uses the tools of embodied cognitive science, affordance theory, material engagement theory, and the concept of the socially extended mind.
Quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) models for toxicity prediction
Authors: Spinu Nicoleta , Cronin Mark T. D. , Enoch Steven J. , Madden Judith C. , Worth Andrew P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) concept is gaining interest due to its potential regulatory applications in chemical risk assessment. Even though an increasing number of qAOP models are being proposed as computational predictive tools, there is no framework to guide their development and assessment. As such, the objectives of this review were to: (i) analyse the definitions of qAOPs published in the scientific literature, (ii) define a set of common features of existing qAOP models derived from the published definitions, and (iii) identify and assess the existing published qAOP models and associated software tools. As a result, five probabilistic qAOPs and ten mechanistic qAOPs were evaluated against the common features. The review offers an overview of how the qAOP concept has advanced and how it can aid toxicity assessment in the future. Further efforts are required to achieve validation, harmonisation and regulatory acceptance of qAOP models.
Playback of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations overcomes psychomotor deficits induced by sub-chronic haloperidol treatment in rats
Authors: Melo-Thomas Liana , Tonelli Luan C. , Müller Christian P. , Wöhr Markus , Schwarting Rainer K. W. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rationale
In rodents, acute haloperidol treatment induces psychomotor impairments known as catalepsy, which models akinesia in humans and is characterized as an animal model of acute Parkinsonism, whereas sub-chronic haloperidol reduces exploratory behavior, which resembles bradykinesia. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy in rats can be ameliorated by playback of 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), an emotionally and motivationally relevant appetitive auditory stimulus, representing an animal model of paradoxical kinesia. In a condition like PD where patients suffer from chronic motor impairments, it is paramount to assess the long-term symptom relief in an animal model of Parkinsonism.

Objectives
We investigated whether 50-kHz USV playback ameliorates psychomotor deficits induced by haloperidol in a sub-chronic dosing regimen.

Methods
In phase 1, distance traveled and number of rearing behavior were assessed in an activity chamber in order to investigate whether sub-chronic haloperidol treatment induced psychomotor impairments. In phase 2, we investigated whether 50-kHz USV playback could overcome these impairments by assessing exploratory behaviors and approach behavior towards the sound source in the 50-kHz USV radial maze playback paradigm.

Results
Sub-chronic haloperidol treatment led to psychomotor deficits since the distance traveled and number of rearing behavior were reduced as compared to saline control group or baseline. These psychomotor impairments were ameliorated during playback of 50-kHz USV, with haloperidol treated rats showing a clear social approach behavior towards the sound source exclusively during playback.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that 50-kHz USV playback induces paradoxical kinesia in rats exhibiting motor deficits after sub-chronic haloperidol, as we previously showed after acute haloperidol treatment.
Markov frameworks and stock market decision making
Authors: Koppula Kavitha , Kedukodi Babushri Srinivas , Kuncham Syam Prasad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present applications of Markov rough approximation framework (MRAF). The concept of MRAF is defined based on rough sets and Markov chains. MRAF is used to obtain the probability distribution function of various reference points in a rough approximation framework. We consider a set to be approximated together with its dynamacity and the effect of dynamacity on rough approximations is stated with the help of Markov chains. An extension to Pawlak’s decision algorithm is presented, and it is used for predictions in a stock market environment. In addition, suitability of the algorithm is illustrated in a multi-criteria medical diagnosis problem. Finally, the definition of fuzzy tolerance relation is extended to higher dimensions using reference points and basic results are established.
Selected arylsulphonyl pyrazole derivatives as potential Chk1 kinase ligands—computational investigations
Authors: Czaja Kornelia , Kujawski Jacek , Kamel Karol , Bernard Marek K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtein kinases control diversity of biochemical processes in human organism. Checkpoint 1 kinase (Chk1) is an important element of the checkpoint signalling pathways and is responsible for DNA damage repair. Hence, this kinase plays an essential role in cancer cells survival and has become an important target for anticancer agents. Our previous investigations showed that some arylsulphonyl indazole derivatives displayed anticancer effect in vitro. In the present study, in order to verify possibility of interactions of pyrazole and indazole derivatives with Chk1, we focused on the docking of selected tosyl derivatives of indazole and condensed pyrazole1–7to the Chk1 pocket, analysis of interactions involving optimized ligand–protein system using DFT formalism, and estimation of the interaction enthalpy of the ligand–protein complex by applying the PM7 method. The estimation of binding affinity seems to indicate that the indazole 5-substituted with 3,5-dimethylpyrazole4and condensed pyrazoloquinoline derivative7fit the best to the Chk1-binding pocket. The values of the energy of interaction, i.e. the enthalpy change (ΔHint), were between − 85.06 and − 124.04 kcal mol−1for the optimized ligand–Chk1 complexes. The relaxation of the ligands within the complexes azole–protein as well as the distribution of hydrogen contacts between the ligands and kinase pocket amino acids was also analysed using molecular dynamics as a supporting method.
High-quality alternative food reduces cannibalism in the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Marcossi Ítalo , Fonseca Morgana M. , Carbajal Paola A. F. , Cardoso André , Pallini Angelo , Janssen Arne 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPredatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family are important biological control agents. Many species of this family are omnivores, i.e., besides on prey, they can feed on plant resources such as nectar and pollen. It has been shown that the addition of alternative food for predators to a crop enhances biological control. However, factors such as food availability and quality can also affect interactions such as cannibalism, and thus influence biological control. We investigated the role of quality of the alternative food in the tendency ofAmblyseius herbicolusto engage in cannibalism, a common ecological interaction in many phytoseiid mite species. Cannibalism on eggs byA. herbicoluswas significantly reduced in the presence of high-quality food (cattail pollen) compared to egg cannibalism without alternative food, whereas this was not the case in the presence of low-quality food (cotton pollen). This suggests that cattail pollen is a high-quality alternative food, not only because it results in increased development and reproduction of predators, but also because it can minimize cannibalism.
Burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 in Sweden
Authors: Gémes Katalin , Talbäck Mats , Modig Karin , Ahlbom Anders , Berglund Anita , Feychting Maria , Matthews Anthony A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control suggest that individuals over the age of 70 years or with underlying cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or diabetes are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. However, the prevalence of these prognostic factors is unknown in many countries. We aimed to describe the burden and prevalence of prognostic factors of severe COVID-19 at national and county level in Sweden. We calculated the burden and prevalence of prognostic factors for severe COVID-19 based on records from the Swedish national health care and population registers for 3 years before 1st January 2016. 9,624,428 individuals were included in the study population. 22.1% had at least one prognostic factor for severe COVID-19 (2,131,319 individuals), and 1.6% had at least three factors (154,746 individuals). The prevalence of underlying medical conditions ranged from 0.8% with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (78,516 individuals) to 7.4% with cardiovascular disease (708,090 individuals), and the county specific prevalence of at least one prognostic factor ranged from 19.2% in Stockholm (416,988 individuals) to 25.9% in Kalmar (60,005 individuals). We show that one in five individuals in Sweden is at increased risk of severe COVID-19. When compared with the critical care capacity at a local and national level, these results can aid authorities in optimally planning healthcare resources during the current pandemic. Findings can also be applied to underlying assumptions of disease burden in modelling efforts to support COVID-19 planning.
Study of toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis in patients suffering from ophthalmic disorders using serological and molecular methods
Authors: Saki Jasem , Eskandari Elham , Feghhi Mostafa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite that can cause ocular toxoplasmosis with most complications such as retinal detachment. Toxocara parasite, round worm, found in dogs and cats appears as larva migrans in humans can cause serious ocular complications such as debilitating vision loss.In Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran, T. gondii infection has been reported to be significant but toxocariasis was rare. However, the frequency of ocular toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis has not been studied in this area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ocular toxoplasmosis and ocular toxocariasis using serological and molecular methods.

Method
In this case control study, 310 patients were identified by ophthalmologist as ocular toxoplasmosis and then 5 cc of venous blood samples were taken from each of them. Serum samples and buffy coat were prepared and ELISA was used to detect IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies and the molecular PCR was used to detect Toxoplasma DNA parasite in buffy coats. ELISA test was used to detect of IgG anti-Toxocara antibodies.

Results
Totally, for ocular toxoplasmosis, 130 (41.93%) of 310 patients were positive by ELISA, of them 121 (39%) IgG positive and nine (2.9%) IgM positive were diagnosed. Of 121 cases with IgG+, 119 (98.35%) were diagnosed with high IgG avidity indicating chronic phase of the infection. For ocular toxocariasis evaluation, antibodies against Toxocara were not detected in any of the samples. By PCR molecular method, 11 out of 310 patients (3.54%) had T. gondii DNA in the blood. In control, in total, 21 cases were detected positive by serology method, which showed a significant difference with the results of the case group(P < 0.05).By PCR method, only three cases showed positive which also indicated significant difference with result of case group (3 vs 9) (P < 0.05). In the control group, also no anti-toxocara antibodies were found.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that T. gondii in Khuzestan province as the etiologic agent of ocular toxoplasmosis and physicians should consider diagnostic methods for identifying the infection when they visit the patients.
Study of early warning for desaturation provided by Oxygen Reserve Index in obese patients
Authors: Tsymbal Ekaterina , Ayala Sebastian , Singh Amrik , Applegate Richard L. , Fleming Neal W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcute hemoglobin desaturation can reflect rapidly decreasing PaO2. Pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2) facilitates hypoxia detection but may not significantly decrease until PaO2 < 80 mmHg. The Oxygen Reserve Index (ORI) is a unitless index that correlates with moderately hyperoxic PaO2. This study evaluated whether ORI provides added arterial desaturation warning in obese patients. This IRB approved, prospective, observational study obtained written informed consent from Obese (body mass index (BMI) kg m−2; 30 < BMI < 40) and Normal BMI (19 < BMI < 25) adult patients scheduled for elective surgery requiring general endotracheal anesthesia. Standard monitors and an ORI sensor were placed. Patient’s lungs were pre-oxygenated with 100% FiO2. After ORI plateaued, general anesthesia was induced, and endotracheal intubation accomplished using a videolaryngoscope. Patients remained apneic until SpO2reached 94%. ORI and SpO2 were recorded continuously. Added warning time was defined as the difference between the time to SpO2 94% from ORI alarm start or from SpO2 97%. Data are reported as median; 95% confidence interval. Complete data were collected in 36 Obese and 36 Normal BMI patients. ORI warning time was always longer than SpO2 warning time. Added warning time provided by ORI was 46.5 (36.0–59.0) seconds in Obese and 87.0 (77.0–109.0) seconds in Normal BMI patients, and was shorter in Obese than Normal BMI patients difference 54.0 (38.0–74.0) seconds (p < 0.0001). ORI provided what was felt to be clinically significant added warning time of arterial desaturation compared to SpO2. This added time might allow earlier calls for help, assistance from other providers, or modifications of airway management.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03021551.
A generalized methodology for multidisciplinary design optimization using surrogate modelling and multifidelity analysis
Authors: Kontogiannis Spyridon G. , Savill Mark A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe advantages of multidisciplinary design are well understood, but not yet fully adopted by the industry where methods should be both fast and reliable. For such problems, minimum computational cost while providing global optimality and extensive design information at an early conceptual stage is desired. However, such a complex problem consisting of various objectives and interacting disciplines is associated with a challenging design space. This provides a large pool of possible designs, requiring an efficient exploration scheme with the ability to provide sufficient feedback early in the design process. This paper demonstrates a generalized optimization framework with rapid design space exploration capabilities in which a Multifidelity approach is directly adjusted to the emerging needs of the design. The methodology is developed to be easily applicable and efficient in computationally expensive multidisciplinary problems. To accelerate such a demanding process, Surrogate Based Optimization methods in the form of both Radial Basis Function and Kriging models are employed. In particular, a modification of the standard Kriging approach to account for Multifidelity data inputs is proposed, aiming to increasing its accuracy without increasing its training cost. The surrogate optimization problem is solved by a Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and two constraint handling methods are implemented. The surrogate model modifications are visually demonstrated in a 1D and 2D test case, while the Rosenbrock and Sellar functions are used to examine the scalability and adaptability behaviour of the method. Our particular Multiobjective formulation is demonstrated in the common RAE2822 airfoil design problem. In this paper, the framework assessment focuses on our infill sampling approach in terms of design and objective space exploration for a given computational cost.
God’s place in the world
Authors: Collier Matthew James 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLewisian theism is the view that both traditional theism and Lewis’s modal realism are true. On Lewisian theism, God must exist in worlds in one of the following ways: (1) God can be said to have a counterpart in each world; (2) God can be said to exist in each world in the way that a universal can be said to exist in worlds (if universals exist), i.e. through transworld identity; (3) God can be said to be a scattered individual, with a part of God existing in each world; and, (4) God can be said to exist in each world, through His existing from the standpoint of each world. In the literature, (1)–(4) have been rejected as viable options. I grant that (1) and (3) are not viable. However, I believe that (2) and (4) have been too hastily rejected. Herein, I develop ways to respond to objections to (2) and (4), and conclude that (4) is a viable option for Lewisian theists.
Entrepreneurial homeworkers
Authors: Kim Nam Kyoon N. , Parker Simon C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNearly 40% of British self-employees are homeworkers. Using a large representative sample of the UK longitudinal survey data, we explore the determinants of self-employed homeworking, distinguishing between genders. We reject the notion that homeworking is a transitional entrepreneurial state that the self-employed “grow out of”, while establishing that both employer status and business structure play an important role in predicting which self-employed become homeworkers. Our findings also shed light on two outstanding puzzles in entrepreneurship scholarship: why so few of the self-employed create jobs for others, and why on average the self-employed suffer an earnings penalty compared with employees.
Exploring the Bimodal Solar System via Sample Return from the Main Asteroid Belt: The Case for Revisiting Ceres
Authors: Burbine Thomas H. , Greenwood Richard C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSample return from a main-belt asteroid has not yet been attempted, but appears technologically feasible. While the cost implications are significant, the scientific case for such a mission appears overwhelming. As suggested by the “Grand Tack” model, the structure of the main belt was likely forged during the earliest stages of Solar System evolution in response to migration of the giant planets. Returning samples from the main belt has the potential to test such planet migration models and the related geochemical and isotopic concept of a bimodal Solar System.Isotopic studies demonstrate distinct compositional differences between samples believed to be derived from the outer Solar System (CC or carbonaceous chondrite group) and those that are thought to be derived from the inner Solar System (NC or non-carbonaceous group). These two groups are separated on relevant isotopic variation diagrams by a clear compositional gap. The interface between these two regions appears to be broadly coincident with the present location of the asteroid belt, which contains material derived from both groups.The Hayabusa mission to near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (25143) Itokawa has shown what can be learned from a sample-return mission to an asteroid, even with a very small amount of sample. One scenario for main-belt sample return involves a spacecraft launching a projectile that strikes an object and flying through the debris cloud, which would potentially allow multiple bodies to be sampled if a number of projectiles are used on different asteroids. Another scenario is the more traditional method of landing on an asteroid to obtain the sample.A significant range of main-belt asteroids are available as targets for a sample-return mission and such a mission would represent a first step in mineralogically and isotopically mapping the asteroid belt. We argue that a sample-return mission to the asteroid belt does not necessarily have to return material from both the NC and CC groups to viably test the bimodal Solar System paradigm, as material from the NC group is already abundantly available for study. Instead, there is overwhelming evidence that we have a very incomplete suite of CC-related samples.Based on our analysis, we advocate a dedicated sample-return mission to the dwarf planet (1) Ceres as the best means of further exploring inherent Solar System variation. Ceres is an ice-rich world that may be a displaced trans-Neptunian object. We almost certainly do not have any meteorites that closely resemble material that would be brought back from Ceres. The rich heritage of data acquired by the Dawn mission makes a sample-return mission from Ceres logistically feasible at a realistic cost. No other potential main-belt target is capable of providing as much insight into the early Solar System as Ceres. Such a mission should be given the highest priority by the international scientific community.
Formulation of non-coaxial plastic dissipation and stress–dilatancy relations for geomaterials
Authors: Tsegaye Anteneh Biru , Benz Thomas , Nordal Steinar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStress–dilatancy theories play a central role in the modeling of the plastic dissipation of geomaterials. There exist several mathematical frameworks for describing the stress–dilatancy behavior of soils. One of the limiting assumptions often introduced is coaxiality between principal directions of stresses and plastic strain increments. However, experimental evidences suggest that this assumption is generally invalid for the deformation behavior of granular materials. In this paper, non-coaxial stress–dilatancy framework is developed first in axis symmetric, plane strain and then for general stress–strain conditions. To facilitate the use of the stress–dilatancy framework for cyclic loading conditions, loading and unloading are explicitly considered in the development of the framework. Furthermore, a possible way of establishing the evolution of the degree of non-coaxiality in plane strain and axis symmetric cases is presented. Then the approach is applied to selected yield functions.