bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governance and ownership in Malaysia: their impacts on corporate performance
Authors: Mohd Ghazali Nazli Anum 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the relative influence of regulatory enhancements relating to corporate governance and attributes of business traits on performance of Malaysian listed companies.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis was performed on all 742 non-financial main board companies listed on Bursa Malaysia using data from 2013 annual reports.FindingsThe results show that the number of board meetings held during the year, role separation and board size have a significant impact on corporate performance. By contrast, independent directors, government ownership and director ownership do not influence corporate performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study investigated non-financial companies for the financial year 2013. Hence, the results may not apply to financial companies and other years. Future research can perhaps include all types of listed companies and carry out a longitudinal study to gain more comprehensive results and understanding on the relationship between corporate governance and corporate performance. Additionally, future research could also consider employing a different methodology to further unveil factors influencing corporate performance.Practical implicationsThe above findings provide new evidence of the effectiveness of the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance in improving company performance. The significance of board meetings, role separation and board size shows the importance of internal governance in shaping company processes and hence performance.Originality/valueThe result suggests that although the Malaysian Code on Corporate Governance follows the corporate governance code of developed countries, the applicability of the recommendations to a developing country is evidenced. Companies in Malaysia are predominantly government-owned or closely held, but it appears that role separation matters even in these types of companies in achieving better performance.
Analysis of issues in sustainable water management of irrigation systems: case of a developing country
Authors: Sirimewan D.C. , Mendis A.P.K.D. , Rajini Damitha , Samaraweera Aparna , Manjula Naiduwa Handi Chathuri 
Published: August 2020

PurposeSustaining the irrigated agriculture, while conserving the natural eco-system, are the two main objectives of sustainable water management (SWM) in irrigation. Achieving both the objectives simultaneously is a complex task in most developing countries. This requires a holistic approach of understanding the issues in irrigation water management (IWM) from social, economic and environmental perspectives. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the issues towards the SWM of irrigation systems in Sri Lanka to help maintain a stable relationship between the aforementioned two objectives.Design/methodology/approachQualitative interview survey was selected as the research strategy to achieve the research aim. 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in IWM sector to collect data in the Sri Lankan context. Data were analysed using code-based content analysis, based on directed approach.FindingsFindings revealed the issues in SWM in terms of efficiency of irrigation infrastructure; equity of water distribution; environmental integrity and economic acceptability. Most of the issues were related to the inefficiency towards SWM of irrigation systems. Conflicts among water users, especially the people in downstreams aggravated the problem of equity of water sharing. Depletion of groundwater and waterlogging were the major issues towards environmental integrity. Loss of water happened due to the issues in different irrigation infrastructure components hindering economic acceptability.Originality/valueTheoretical contribution includes an analysis of issues in IWM from a sustainability perspective. Practical implications include an overview of deficiencies in the SWM to generate appropriate strategies to achieve sustainability for decision-makers such as policymakers in the irrigation sector in developing countries similar to Sri Lanka.
Effect of journal misalignment on the static characteristics of an innovative journal bearing with adjustable elements in load-on-pad and load-between-pad configurations
Authors: Girish H. , Pai Raghuvir 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to theoretically analyze an innovative form of variable bearing configuration having four pads with unique adjustability principle operated under journal misaligned conditions. The parameters such as load positions, degrees of misalignment (DM) and pad adjustment configurations influencing the steady-state performance of the four-pad adjustable bearing are detailed in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed adjustable pad geometry possesses the ability to undergo radial and tilt motions in both inward and outward directions. Analysis is carried out by considering journal misalignment in vertical and horizontal planes with bearing modelled for load-on-pad and load-between-pad configurations. The film thickness equation derived to incorporate the radial and tilt adjustment parameters is further modified to accommodate the different load orientations and misaligned journal conditions. The pressure field equation is solved by applying finite-difference technique combined with Gauss Siedel iterative method.

Findings
At higher DM, peak pressures generated in the minimum film thickness region near the pad ends highly influences the bearing load carrying capacity. Results indicated that the adjustable four-pad bearing geometry is highly efficient in withstanding the journal misalignment by radially displacing and tilting the four pads in negative directions.

Originality/value
For bearing designers, this research highlights the importance of considering the misalignment factor during the design stages of an adjustable journal bearing. The proposed adjustability concept is proven to be effective enough to improve the bearing performance and, in turn, withstand the journal misalignment.
Large-strain consolidation analysis of PVD-installed soft soil considering the discharge capacity variation according to depth and time
Authors: Nguyen Ba-Phu , Pradhan Ananta Man Singh , Nguyen Tan Hung , Doan Nhat-Phi , Nguyen Van-Quang , Huynh Thanh-Canh 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The consolidation behavior of prefabricated vertical drain (PVD)-installed soft deposits mainly depends on the PVD performance. The purpose of this study is to propose a numerical solution for the consolidation of PVD-installed soft soil using the large-strain theory, in which the reduction of discharge capacity of PVD according to depth and time is simultaneously considered.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed solution also takes into account the general constitute relationship of soft soil. Subsequently, the proposed solution is applied to analyze and compare with the monitoring data of two cases, one is the experimental test and another is the test embankment in Saga airport.

Findings
The results show that the reduction of PVD discharge capacity according to depth and time increased the duration required to achieve a certain degree of consolidation. The consolidation rate is more sensitive to the reduction of PVD discharge capacity according to time than that according to the depth. The effects of the reduction of PVD discharge capacity according to depth are more evident when PVD discharge capacity decreases. The predicted results using the proposed numerical solution were validated well with the monitoring data for both cases in verification.

Research limitations/implications
In this study, the variation of PVD discharge capacity is only considered in one-dimensional consolidation. However, it is challenging to implement a general expression for discharge capacity variation according to time in the two-dimensional numerical solution (two-dimensional plane strain model). This is the motivation for further study.

Practical implications
A geotechnical engineer could use the proposed numerical solution to predict the consolidation behavior of the drainage-improved soft deposit considering the PVD discharge capacity variation.

Originality/value
The large-strain consolidation of PVD-installed soft deposits could be predicted well by using the proposed numerical solution considering the PVD discharge capacity variations according to depth and time.
The scale development of organizational culture on customer delight
Authors: Kao Chiu-Ying , Tsaur Sheng-Hshiung , Huang Chung-Ching 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a hospitality cultural scale for measuring the effect of organizational culture on customer delight (OCCD).

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review and focus group discussion were conducted to generate an initial item pool. Subsequently, three individual samples of hotel employees were identified to develop and validate the OCCD scale. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for item purification and factor extraction, and confirmatory factor analysis verified the factor structure of the OCCD construct. Finally, several validity tests were examined to further support the OCCD construct.

Findings
The results of the analyses indicated that the OCCD construct contains eight factors: the customer delight service control system, expected competencies for customer delight, shared values for customer delight, employee empowerment for customer delight, expected norms for customer delight, superior service environment, customer delight competency development and customer delight service scripting. These factors reflect theories of cultural layers.

Practical implications
The developed OCCD scale can provide hospitality managers a self-evaluation and diagnostic instrument to enable their cultural improvement. In addition, OCCD scale can garner employee consensus and further facilitate the effectiveness of human resources management.

Originality/value
This study developed an organizational cultural scale to explore the importance of customer delight in the hospitality industry. It expanded academically the current knowledge of organizational culture and customer delight.
Circular economy, sustainability and teacher training in a higher education institution
Authors: Bugallo-Rodríguez Anxela , Vega-Marcote Pedro 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
Higher education institutions have a valuable dual role in disseminating the circular economy (CE) as a new sustainability paradigm. First, the university teaches students about this subject. Second, it prepares future teachers to incorporate sustainability into other educational levels. This paper aims to present the results of implementing a set of activities designed to improve the attitudes and actions of students to reduce their daily impact on campus and to be active agents for change to the CE.

Design/methodology/approach
The participants were students enrolled for the Degree in Primary Education at the University of Corunna. Following a qualitative approach, students’ proposals were analyzed using the key indicators identified by the European Commission to measure progress toward the CE.

Findings
The results demonstrate that these activities make students reflect and act on their daily impact. They propose and develop diverse solutions on campus, such as increased paper-, water- and energy-saving activities and discover the benefits of teaching for action. However, the indicators show that they do not apply the three principles of the CE in a balanced way.

Research limitations/implications
An improvement should analyze the same students in the following year to verify progress.

Originality/value
This experience with preservice teachers may help to extend the values and knowledge associated with integral sustainability and provide CE solutions on campus and in schools throughout the country.
Public spending on adult social care and delayed transfers of care in England
Authors: Iparraguirre Jose 
Published: August 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to whether current public expenditure on adult social care services might be associated with the number of delayed days of care attributable to the social care system in England.Design/methodology/approachPanel econometric models on data from local authorities with adult social care responsibilities in England between 2013–2014 and 2018–2019.FindingsAfter controlling for other organisational sources of inefficiency, the level of demand in the area and the income poverty amongst the resident older population, this paper finds that a 4.5% reduction in current spending per head on adult social care per older person in one year is associated with an increase by 0.01 delayed days per head the following year.Social implicationsGiven the costs of adverse outcomes of delayed transfers of care reported in the literature, this paper suggests that budgetary constraints to adult social care services would represent a false economy of public funds.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that models the association between public spending on adult social care and delayed transfers of care due to issues originating in the social care system in England.
Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region
Authors: Bengtsson Fia , Rydin Håkan , Baltzer Jennifer L. , Bragazza Luca , Bu Zhao‐Jun , Caporn Simon J. M. , Dorrepaal Ellen , Flatberg Kjell Ivar , Galanina Olga , Gałka Mariusz , Ganeva Anna , Goia Irina , Goncharova Nadezhda , Hájek Michal , Haraguchi Akira , Harris Lorna I. , Humphreys Elyn , Jiroušek Martin , Kajukało Katarzyna , Karofeld Edgar , Koronatova Natalia G. , Kosykh Natalia P. , Laine Anna M. , Lamentowicz Mariusz , Lapshina Elena , Limpens Juul , Linkosalmi Maiju , Ma Jin‐Ze , Mauritz Marguerite , Mitchell Edward A. D. , Munir Tariq M. , Natali Susan M. , Natcheva Rayna , Payne Richard J. , Philippov Dmitriy A. , Rice Steven K. , Robinson Sean , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Rochefort Line , Singer David , Stenøien Hans K. , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina , Vellak Kai , Waddington James Michael , Granath Gustaf 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genus Sphagnum—the main peat‐former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands—remains unclear.

We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundant Sphagnum species across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models (SEMs), we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers on Sphagnum growth.

Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denser Sphagnum fuscum growing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looser Sphagnum magellanicum growing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth for S. magellanicum. The SEMs indicate that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influenced Sphagnum growth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density.

Synthesis. Our results imply that in a warmer climate, S. magellanicum will increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, while S. fuscum is more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species‐specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands.
The Effect of Mandatory Extraction Payment Disclosures on Corporate Payment and Investment Policies Abroad
Authors: RAUTER THOMAS 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTI examine how mandatory extraction payment disclosures (EPD)—a policy solution intended to discourage corporate payment avoidance in the oil, gas, and mining industries—affect fiscal revenue contributions and investments by multinational firms in foreign host countries. Using the staggered adoption of EPD across firms headquartered in Europe and Canada, I find that disclosing companies increase their payments to host governments, decrease investments, and obtain fewer extraction licenses relative to non‐disclosing competitors. These effects are stronger for firms that face a high risk of public shaming, operate in corrupt host countries, and have a high exposure to bribery‐prone payments, suggesting that EPD increases the reputational cost of corporate behavior that could be perceived as exploitative. The resulting reallocation of investments from disclosing to non‐disclosing firms reduces drilling productivity and resource production in host countries, consistent with uneven disclosure regulation distorting capital allocation.
Comparing the effects of GM and non‐GM soybean varieties on non‐target arthropods
Authors: Amin Md Ruhul , Oh Sung‐Dug , Suh Sang Jae 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn order to guarantee the safety of genetically modified (GM) soybean crops, it is important to assess the potential toxicity of their expressed insecticidal proteins to non‐target organisms. In the present study, the effects of the GM soybean Insulin‐like Growth Factor (IGF), which is tolerant to the herbicide glufosinate, on plant‐dwelling non‐target insects and arachnids were evaluated in soybean agroecosystems. For comparison, the non‐GM parental cultivar of soybean Gwangan‐kong was used as a control. Data were collected in 2016 and 2017 via surveying at Ochang and Jeonju, Korea. In total, 13,031 individual insects and arachnids, representing 64 families in 11 orders, were captured during the study. Firstly, the results indicate that the GM soybean IGF did not negatively affect plant‐dwelling non‐target insects and arachnids. However, the numbers of captured individuals on both IGF and Gwangan‐kong were higher at Ochang in 2017. The occurrence of insect pests, natural enemies, and other insects differed significantly according to region, region and survey year, and survey year, respectively. In addition, the dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness indices for the collected insects varied significantly among the regions and survey years regardless of soybean variety. The score from PROXSCAL multidimensional scaling using combined data showed that insects and arachnids in different natural environments were separated by their cultivation regions and years irrespective of soybean cultivars.
Phage cocktail strategies for the suppression of a pathogen in a cross‐feeding coculture
Authors: Fazzino Lisa , Anisman Jeremy , Chacón Jeremy M. , Harcombe William R. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryCocktail combinations of bacteria‐infecting viruses (bacteriophages) can suppress pathogenic bacterial growth. However, predicting how phage cocktails influence microbial communities with complex ecological interactions, specifically cross‐feeding interactions in which bacteria exchange nutrients, remains challenging. Here, we used experiments and mathematical simulations to determine how to best suppress a model pathogen, E. coli, when obligately cross‐feeding with S. enterica. We tested whether the duration of pathogen suppression caused by a two‐lytic phage cocktail was maximized when both phages targeted E. coli, or when one phage targeted E. coli and the other its cross‐feeding partner, S. enterica. Experimentally, we observed that cocktails targeting both cross‐feeders suppressed E. coli growth longer than cocktails targeting only E. coli. Two non‐mutually exclusive mechanisms could explain these results: (i) we found that treatment with two E. coli phage led to the evolution of a mucoid phenotype that provided cross‐resistance against both phages, and (ii) S. enterica set the growth rate of the coculture, and therefore, targeting S. enterica had a stronger effect on pathogen suppression. Simulations suggested that cross‐resistance and the relative growth rates of cross‐feeders modulated the duration of E. coli suppression. More broadly, we describe a novel bacteriophage cocktail strategy for pathogens that cross‐feed.
Economic Consequences of IFRS Adoption: The Role of Changes in Disclosure Quality*
Authors: Li Bin , Siciliano Gianfranco , Venkatachalam Mohan , Naranjo Patricia , Verdi Rodrigo S. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis study adopts a two‐step approach to highlight the disclosure quality channel that drives economic consequences of IFRS adoption. This approach helps address the identification challenge noted by prior research and offers direct evidence on the role of disclosure quality. In the first step, we document the impact of the IFRS mandate on changes in disclosure quality proxied by the granularity of line item disclosure in financial statements. We find that IFRS‐adopting firms provide more disaggregated information upon IFRS adoption, such as more granular disclosure of intangible assets and long‐term investments on the balance sheet and greater disaggregation of depreciation, amortization, and nonoperating income items on the income statement. In the second step, we link the observed disclosure changes to the benefits and costs of IFRS adoption. We show that greater disaggregated information due to IFRS adoption enhances market liquidity and decreases information asymmetry, but does not affect audit fees differentially. Our evidence has implications for standard setters as they evaluate cost‐benefit trade‐offs when considering disclosure changes in the future.
Ectoparasitic thrips affect the behaviour of their aetalionid treehopper hosts
Authors: Cavalleri Adriano , Mendonça Milton de S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAulacothrips dictyotusHood, 1952 (Thysanoptera: Heterothripidae) is a highly specific ectoparasite, which infests nymphs and adults ofAetalion reticulatum(Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aetalionidae) in South America. However, nothing is known about the consequences of this remarkable interaction to the hemipterans, which also exhibit mutualistic associations with ants. In this study, we test the hypothesis thatAu. dictyotusdirectly affectsAe. reticulatumbehaviour by comparing ethograms of thrips‐infected and uninfected aetalionids. An analysis of 15 behavioural acts showed significant differences in the behaviour ofAe. reticulatumbetween these two experimental groups. Hemipterans exhibited dramatic changes in behaviour underAu. dictyotuspresence, and the frequencies of some behaviours related to locomotion were statistically higher in individuals with thrips, as well as kicking movements using the hind legs. Moreover, infected aetalionids showed higher frequencies of grooming behaviour, which seems to have some efficacy in detachingAu. dictyotus. We demonstrated that thrips presence disturb host foraging behaviour and induces unusual behavioural acts that are likely to be very costly to hosts. Our results suggest that thrips parasitism constitutes an important selective force for hemipterans and that its effects can influence host individuals, the aggregation and potentially the mutualistic interaction with ants.