bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age of menarche and menstrual hygiene of pubertal female students in Bhutan: a cross-sectional survey, 2017
Authors: Dorji Thinley , Wangmo Sangay , Pongpirul Krit 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In Bhutan, pubertal and adolescent female students (10-19 years) make up 8.5% of the population. The need for menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is more urgent in post-menarcheal female students and in resource-poor settings. However, until recent time, there were strong socio-cultural barriers to discourses on menarche and MHM. This study was conducted to determine the age of menarche among Bhutanese female students to identify when to offer MHM support, their knowledge on menstruation and practices related to menstrual hygiene.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of female students studying in Grade 10 in Thimphu, Bhutan. A multistage clustered sampling was used. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire developed for the purpose of this study.
Results: A total of 439 post-menarcheal female students were interviewed. The mean age of menarche was 12.8±1.1 years, and fear (38.3%) and confusion (25.1%) were the commonest responses. The mean score on knowledge on menstruation and MHM was 5.9±1.5 out of 9. The proportion of students with good knowledge was 36.7%. The common sources of information were the mother, teacher, and sister. The majority used commercial pads (92.5%) while some used clean cloths (5.7%) and tampons (1.6%). The proportion who stayed absent from school during menstruation in the month prior to data collection was 9.8%. Visiting religious places (67.6%) and participating in sports (4.3%) were common restrictions during menstruation.
Conclusions: Female students experience difficulties in menstrual hygiene management in schools. Menstruation could lead to missing schools and other activities.
Keywords: Developing country; Health behaviour; Menstrual hygiene product; Standard of living.
Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Hasil Olahan Laut
Authors: Santoso Djoko , Indarto Indarto , Saddewisasi Wyati , Santoso Aprih 
Published: December 2020

Kampung Tambak Lorok dan Tambak Rejo adalah kampung nelayan terbesar dan menjadi Kawasan Minapolitan Wisata Bahari di kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Masyarakatnya bergantung pada laut tempat mencari ikan.Hal ini telah menyatu dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi dan kehidupan kebudayaan masyarakat serta telah berlangsung secara turun menurun sehingga pemukiman ini lebih dikenal sebagai Pemukiman Nelayan. Penggerak utama ekonomi kampung Tambak Lorok dan kampung Tambak Rejo berupa perdagangan sentra produksi serta pengolahan ikan, perikanan tangkap, perikanan budidaya, pengolahan ikan, atau kombinasi disamping usaha lain seperti produksi kue kering, produksi kerajinan kain perca dan kerajinan dari sampah organik. Untuk itu perlu diberdayakan usaha mikro olahan hasil laut dan potensi yang lain untuk mendukung kemajuan wisata Bahari. Namun usaha mikro masih banyak memiliki kelemahan dari aspek strategi pengembangan usaha, aspek permodalan dan pembiayaan, aspek pemasaran kususnya kemasan produk. Diharapkan dengan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan Tim pengabdian masyarakat dapat menstimulasi kapabilitas usaha pelaku usaha mikro di Kampung Tambak Lorok dan Tambak Rejo mampu mendukung pengembangan wisata Bahari kota Semarang. Kata kunci: Pemberdayaan, Usaha, Olahan,
Breast tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity with an unusual molecular profile
Authors: Nielson Kaitlyn J , Fischer Edgar G. , Jacklyn Nemunaitis Jacklyn , Prabhakaran Sangeetha , Falk Nadja K. 
Published: December 2020

Breast tall cell carcinoma with reversed polarity (TCCRP) is rare and previously referred to as solid papillary carcinoma with reverse polarity. This low grade tumor commonly exhibits IDH2 p.Arg172 mutation, however is not completely understood at the molecular level. We present a case of TCCRP in a 55 year old woman with a 0.7 cm left breast mass. A core biopsy was performed with immunohistochemistry. Lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were completed two months later. MammaPrint$^{\textregistered}$ and BluePrint$^{\textregistered}$ gene expression profilers were performed on an excision block. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of circumscribed nests of columnar cells, with focal papillary architecture. Tumor cells had apically located nuclei with grooves and rare inclusions. Tumor cells were positive for CK5, IDH1/2, and calretinin, and myoepithelial cells were absent. BluePrint$^{\textregistered}$ subtyped the tumor as basaloid. MammaPrint$^{\textregistered}$ classified the tumor as high risk for metastasis. TCCRP presents a diagnostic challenge. Although these rare breast carcinomas are generally reported to have an indolent clinical course, molecular analysis by gene expression profiling classified this tumor as high risk of recurrence with a basaloid type. Therefore, molecular analysis of this tumor may lead to conflicting data regarding prognosis and treatment considerations. Clinicians and patients should weigh published data and individual prognostic information for treatment planning. Our patient and clinical team opted for radiation without chemotherapy. More cases of TCCRP need to be studied to better understand its molecular profile.
Advancing Exposure Assessment of PM2.5 Using Satellite Remote Sensing: A Review
Authors: Lee Hyung Joo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported the associations of adverse health outcomes with ambient particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5). While these studies have accumulated increasingly refined evidence on PM2.5-health associations, the needs for more advanced PM2.5 exposure models have also grown. For the last two decades, PM2.5 estimation approaches using satellite remote sensing have been developed and advanced, taking advantage of quantitative aerosol data (e.g., aerosol optical depth; AOD), the development of satellite instruments and data retrieval algorithms, and the application of statistical and machine learning techniques. Subsequently, the satellite-based PM2.5 concentrations have contributed to health effect studies by providing spatially resolved exposure estimates of ambient PM2.5 and thus reducing exposure misclassification. This article summarizes previous development and recent advancement of satellite-based PM2.5 exposure assessment in the context of satellite aerosol products and PM2.5 estimation methodologies. Furthermore, this article deals with enhanced satellite capabilities of generating the exposure estimates of PM2.5 composition and time-resolved PM2.5. Finally, the future directions of satellite-based exposure assessment are discussed based on research needs and the satellite remote sensing technology of addressing them.
Contributos da gestão visual para análise de tendências
Authors: Felippe Alessandro Mateus , Rech Sandra Regina , Silveira Icléia 
Published: December 2020

Este texto, fragmento integrante da investigação de mestrado em andamento, possui como temática central a aproximação teórica-conceitual entre tendências e gestão visual, objetivando qualificar o método de análise de tendências proposto por Dragt (2017) a partir de princípios e ferramentas da gestão visual. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo se desenha nos momentos de conceituar termos importantes por meio da Revisão Bibliográfica, bem como a coleta, redução, categorização e interpretação de dados. importantes, coleta/redução/categorização e interpretação de dados via Análise Qualitativa de Dados. Ademais, classifica-se o texto como sendo de natureza básica, qualitativa e com objetivos descritivos. Os resultados alcançados demonstram que os princípios e as ferramentas da gestão visual agregam diferentes vantagens ao processo, tais como inovação, agilidade e incentivo a colaboração dos participantes do envolvidos na análise de tendências.
Aplicação da Gestão Visual de Projetos para a construção de uma ferramenta projetual pró-sustentabilidade
Authors: Babinski Júnior Valdecir , Rosa Lucas da , Maciel Dulce Maria Holanda , Silveira Icléia 
Published: December 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a aplicação da Gestão Visual de Projetos na construção de uma ferramenta projetual pró-sustentabilidade com ênfase na mitigação de resíduos sólidos têxteis. Trata-se da ferramenta projetual Zero Waste Tool for Apparel Design (ZWTAD). A construção da ferramenta ocorreu em duas etapas: (i) inicialmente, calcada no uso do painel visual do Guia de Orientação para Desenvolvimento de Projetos; e (ii), em seguida, sob aplicação dos elementos estruturantes (premissas, requisitos e princípios de usabilidade) da Gestão Visual de Projetos. Portanto, metodologicamente, este artigo pode ser compreendido como pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, bibliográfica e qualitativa. Infere-se que o desenvolvimento da ferramenta ZWTAD pode se constituir em um case da Gestão Visual de Projetos, contudo, por hora, essa ainda se encontra como modelo visual incompleto.
How Can Dietary Habits Effects on Dysmenorrhea among Health Track Students – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Alammar Welayah A. , Albeesh Fatima H. , Purayidathil Tunny S. , Goja Arafat M. 
Published: December 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary habits can affect the dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation.
Design: A cross sectional study.
Setting: A total of 655 female students from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU). A non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess their food habits.
Participants: Female students in health track in IAU with no health problem, pregnant or even lactating and age from 17 – 26 years were included.
Results: The severity of dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with the less intake of seafood (P= 0.007) and low consumption of nuts (P= 0.02). High sweet consumption contributed with pain increased significantly during the menstrual days (P= 0.002), as well as elevates the severity of dysmenorrhea (P= 0.04). Drinking less coffee contributes significantly to the undesired effect of dysmenorrhea (P= 0.04). While there were no significant association between dairy products intake and vegetables consumption with the severity of dysmenorrhea as well as irregular menstruation.
Conclusion: Regular consumption of seafood and nuts can alleviate the severity of dysmenorrhea. Eating too many sweets increased the severity of dysmenorrhea among 17 to 26 year old female.
Automorphisms of Zero Divisor Graphs of Cube Radical Zero Completely Primary Finite Rings
Authors: Mude Lao Hussein , Oduor Owino Maurice , Onyango Ojiema Michael 
Published: December 2020

One of the most interesting areas of research that has attracted the attention of many scholars are theory of zero divisor graphs. Most recent research have focused on properties of zero divisor graphs with little attention given on the automorphsisms, despite the fact that automorphisms are useful in interpreting the symmetries of algebraic structure. Let R be a commutative unital finite rings and Z(R) be its set of zero divisors. In this study, the automorphisms zero divisor graphs of such rings in which the product of any three zero divisor is zero has been determined.
Two cryptic species of California mustard within Caulanthus lasiophyllus
Authors: Whittall Justen B. , Butler Timothy M. , Dick Cynthia , Sandel Brody 
Published: December 2020

PremiseCryptic species are evolutionarily distinct lineages lacking distinguishing morphological traits. Hidden diversity may be lurking in widespread species whose distributions cross phylogeographic barriers. This study investigates molecular and morphological variation in the widely distributed Caulanthus lasiophyllus (Brassicaceae) in comparison to its closest relatives.MethodsFifty‐two individuals of C. lasiophyllus from across the species’ range were sequenced for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the chloroplast trnL‐F region. A subset of these samples were examined for the chloroplast ndhF gene. All 52 individuals were scored for 13 morphological traits, as well as monthly and annual climate conditions at the collection locality. Morphological and molecular results are compared with the closest relatives—C. anceps and C. flavescens—in the “Guillenia Clade.” To test for polyploidy, genome size estimates were made for four populations.ResultsCaulanthus lasiophyllus consists of two distinct lineages separated by eight ITS differences—eight times more variation than what distinguishes C. anceps and C. flavescens. Fewer variable sites were detected in trnL‐F and ndhF regions, yet these data are consistent with the ITS results. The two lineages of C. lasiophyllus are geographically and climatically distinct; yet morphologically overlapping. Their genome sizes are not consistently different.ConclusionsTwo cryptic species within C. lasiophyllus are distinguished at the molecular, geographic, and climatic scales. They have similar genome sizes and are morphologically broadly overlapping, but an ephemeral basal leaf character may help distinguish the species.
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1 in a patient from Sri Lanka
Authors: Dissanayake Ruwangi , Senanayake Manouri P. , Fernando Jerard , Robertson Stephen P. , Dissanayake Vajira H. W. , Sirisena Nirmala D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA Sri Lankan male child with supraorbital hyperostosis, broad nasal bridge, small mandible, severe kyphoscoliosis, distal joint contractures of the hands and long second and third toes is described. A hemizygous pathogenic variant in exon 22 of the filamin A (FLNA) gene [NM_001110556.1: c.3557C>T; which leads to a nonsynonymous substitution of serine by leucine at codon 1186 in the FLNA protein; NP_001104026.1: p.Ser1186Leu] was identified. The clinical features observed in this patient were consistent with the cardinal manifestations seen in frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1 (FMD1). However, characteristic extra skeletal manifestations such as cardiac defects, uropathy, and hearing impairment which have previously been reported in association with this condition were absent in this patient.
Using multimodal MRI to investigate alterations in brain structure and function in the BBZDR/Wor rat model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lawson Christopher M. , Rentrup Kilian F. G. , Cai Xuezhu , Kulkarni Praveen P. , Ferris Craig F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis is an exploratory study using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to interrogate the brain of rats with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as compared to controls. It was hypothesized there would be changes in brain structure and function that reflected the human disorder, thus providing a model system by which to follow disease progression with noninvasive MRI.MethodsThe transgenic BBZDR/Wor rat, an animal model of T2MD, and age‐matched controls were studied for changes in brain structure using voxel‐based morphometry, alteration in white and gray matter microarchitecture using diffusion weighted imaging with indices of anisotropy, and functional coupling using resting‐state BOLD functional connectivity. Images from each modality were registered to, and analyzed, using a 3D MRI rat atlas providing site‐specific data on over 168 different brain areas.ResultsThere was an overall reduction in brain volume focused primarily on the somatosensory cortex, cerebellum, and white matter tracts. The putative changes in white and gray matter microarchitecture were pervasive affecting much of the brain and not localized to any region. There was a general increase in connectivity in T2DM rats as compared to controls. The cerebellum presented with strong functional coupling to pons and brainstem in T2DM rats but negative connectivity to hippocampus.ConclusionThe neuroradiological measures collected in BBBKZ/Wor rats using multimodal imaging methods did not reflect those reported for T2DB patients in the clinic. The data would suggest the BBBKZ/Wor rat is not an appropriate imaging model for T2DM.
Complex‐Solid‐Solution Electrocatalyst Discovery by Computational Prediction and High‐Throughput Experimentation**
Authors: Batchelor Thomas A. A. , Löffler Tobias , Xiao Bin , Krysiak Olga A. , Strotkötter Valerie , Pedersen Jack K. , Clausen Christian M. , Savan Alan , Li Yujiao , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Rossmeisl Jan , Ludwig Alfred 
Published: December 2020

AbstractComplex solid solutions (“high entropy alloys”), comprising five or more principal elements, promise a paradigm change in electrocatalysis due to the availability of millions of different active sites with unique arrangements of multiple elements directly neighbouring a binding site. Thus, strong electronic and geometric effects are induced, which are known as effective tools to tune activity. With the example of the oxygen reduction reaction, we show that by utilising a data‐driven discovery cycle, the multidimensionality challenge raised by this catalyst class can be mastered. Iteratively refined computational models predict activity trends around which continuous composition‐spread thin‐film libraries are synthesised. High‐throughput characterisation datasets are then used as input for refinement of the model. The refined model correctly predicts activity maxima of the exemplary model system Ag‐Ir‐Pd‐Pt‐Ru. The method can identify optimal complex‐solid‐solution materials for electrocatalytic reactions in an unprecedented manner.
In situ Construction of Robust Biphasic Surface Layers on Lithium Metal for Lithium–Sulfide Batteries with Long Cycle Life
Authors: Guo Wei , Han Qing , Jiao Junrong , Wu Wenhao , Zhu Xuebing , Chen Zhonghui , Zhao Yong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have potential in high energy density battery systems. However, intermediates of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) can easily shuttle to the Li anode and react with Li metal to deplete the active materials and cause rapid failure of the battery. A facile solution pretreatment method for Li anodes involving a solution of metal fluorides/dimethylsulfoxide was developed to construct robust biphasic surface layers (BSLs) in situ. The BSLs consist of lithiophilic alloy (LixM) and LiF phases on Li metal, which inhibit the shuttle effect and increase the cycle life of Li‐S batteries. The BSLs allow Li+transport and they inhibit dendrite growth and shield the Li anodes from corrosive reaction with LiPSs. Li‐S batteries containing BSLs‐Li anodes demonstrate excellent cycling over 1000 cycles at 1 C and simultaneously maintain a high coulombic efficiency of 98.2 %. Based on our experimental and theoretical results, we propose a strategy for inhibition of the shuttle effect that produces high stability Li‐S batteries.
Anodic Oxidation Enabled Cation Leaching for Promoting Surface Reconstruction in Water Oxidation
Authors: Duan Yan , Lee Jun Yan , Xi Shibo , Sun Yuanmiao , Ge Jingjie , Ong Samuel Jun Hoong , Chen Yubo , Dou Shuo , Meng Fanxu , Diao Caozheng , Fisher Adrian C. , Wang Xin , Scherer Günther G. , Grimaud Alexis , Xu Zhichuan J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA rational design for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is pivotal to the overall efficiency of water electrolysis. Much work has been devoted to understanding cation leaching and surface reconstruction of very active electrocatalysts, but little on intentionally promoting the surface in a controlled fashion. We now report controllable anodic leaching of Cr in CoCr2O4 by activating the pristine material at high potential, which enables the transformation of inactive spinel CoCr2O4 into a highly active catalyst. The depletion of Cr and consumption of lattice oxygen facilitate surface defects and oxygen vacancies, exposing Co species to reconstruct into active Co oxyhydroxides differ from CoOOH. A novel mechanism with the evolution of tetrahedrally coordinated surface cation into octahedral configuration via non‐concerted proton‐electron transfer is proposed. This work shows the importance of controlled anodic potential in modifying the surface chemistry of electrocatalysts.
Electrooxidative B−H Functionalization of nido‐Carboranes
Authors: Chen Meng , Zhao Deshi , Xu Jingkai , Li Chunxiao , Lu Changsheng , Yan Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn atom‐economical method for the direct B−H functionalization of nido‐carboranes (7,8‐nido‐C2B9H12−) has been developed under electrochemical reaction conditions. In this reaction system, anodic oxidation serves as a green alternative for traditional chemical oxidants in the oxidation of nido‐carboranes. No transition‐metal catalyst is required and different heteroatoms bearing a lone pair are reactive in this transformation. Coupling nido‐carboranes with thioethers, selenides, tellurides, N‐heterocycles, phosphates, phosphines, arsenides and antimonides demonstrates high site‐selectivity and efficiency. Importantly, nido‐carboranes can be easily incorporated into drug motifs through this reaction protocol.
Ag44(EBT)26(TPP)4 Nanoclusters With Tailored Molecular and Electronic Structure
Authors: Bootharaju Megalamane S. , Lee Sanghwa , Deng Guocheng , Malola Sami , Baek Woonhyuk , Häkkinen Hannu , Zheng Nanfeng , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough atomically precise metalloid nanoclusters (NCs) of identical size with distinctly different molecular structures are highly desirable to understand the structural effects on the optical and photophysical properties, their synthesis remains highly challenging. Herein, we employed phosphine and thiol capping ligands featuring appropriate steric effects and synthesized a charge‐neutral Ag NC with the formula Ag44(EBT)26(TPP)4 (EBT: 2‐ethylbenzenethiolate; TPP: triphenylphosphine). The single‐crystal X‐ray structure reveals that this NC has a hollow metal core of Ag12@Ag20 and a metal–ligand shell of Ag12(EBT)26(TPP)4. The presence of mixed ligands and long V‐shaped metal–ligand motifs on this NC has resulted in an enhancement of the NIR‐II photoluminescence quantum yield by >25‐fold compared to an all‐thiolate‐stabilized anionic [Ag44(SR)30]4− NC (SR: thiolate). Time‐dependent density‐functional calculations show that our Ag44 NC is an 18‐electron superatom with a modulated electronic structure as compared to the [Ag44(SR)30]4− anion, significantly influencing its optical properties.
Independent Luminescent Lifetime and Intensity Tuning of Upconversion Nanoparticles by Gradient Doping for Multiplexed Encoding
Authors: Liu Xuan , Chen Zi‐Han , Zhang Hongxin , Fan Yong , Zhang Fan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLuminescent materials with engineered optical properties have been developed for multiplexed labeling detection, where encoding capacity plays a pivotal role in the efficiency. However, multi‐dimensional optical identities are usually not independent which essentially hinder the practical encoding numbers to access theoretical capacity. In this work, we carefully studied the sensitizer gradient doping structure in near‐infrared (NIR) excitable upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and managed to achieve independent emission intensity and lifetime tuning. With the orthogonally tunability, it breaks the constraint of intensity (k) and lifetime (n) correlation and expands the practical encoding number to theoretical value as (k+1)n−1 in binary encoding. This method can also be combined with previous lifetime engineering as well to realize high level multiplexing.