bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eligibility or use? Disentangling the sources of horizontal inequity in home care receipt in the Netherlands
Authors: Tenand Marianne , Bakx Pieter , van Doorslaer Eddy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study horizontal inequity in home care use in the Netherlands, where a social insurance scheme aims to allocate long‐term care according to care needs. Whether the system reaches its goal depends not only on whether eligible individuals have equal access to care but also on whether entitlements for care reflect needs, irrespective of socioeconomic status and other characteristics. We assess and decompose total inequity into inequity in (i) entitlements for home care and (ii) the conversion of these entitlements into actual use. This distinction is original and important, because inequity calls for different policy responses depending on the stage at which it arises. Linking survey and administrative data on the 65 and older, we find higher income elderly to receive less home care than poorer elderly with similar needs. Although lower income elderly tend to make greater use of their entitlements, need‐standardized entitlements are similar across income, education, and wealth levels. However, both use and entitlements vary by origin and place of residence. The Dutch need assessment seems effective at restricting socioeconomic inequity in home care use but may not fully prevent inequity along other dimensions. Low financial barriers and universal eligibility rules may help achieve equity in access but are not sufficient conditions.
Effect of cyclic irrigation using moderately saline and non‐saline water on onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and soil salinization in semi‐arid areas of Northern Ethiopia*
Authors: Yohannes Degol Fissahaye , Ritsema Coen J. , Habtu Solomon , Van Dam Jos C. , Froebrich Jochen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDue to the scarcity and/or unreliability of canal water supply, seepage water is haphazardly used for sole irrigation or in conjunction with canal water in most small‐scale irrigation schemes in northern Ethiopia. This has been a major cause of low crop yield and has aggravated soil salinization. The problem is more exacerbated for onion, which is the major irrigated vegetable crop and is sensitive to salinity. Thus, it is essential to assess a sustainable way to use both water resources conjunctively for the production of onion. A new study in the Ethiopian context was conducted to evaluate the effect of cyclic irrigation using non‐saline canal water (EC, 0.41–0.78 dS m−1) and moderately saline seepage water (EC, 0.82–2.19 dS m−1) on onion yield and soil salinization for two seasons (2014/2015 and 2015/2016) in the Gumselassa irrigation scheme, Ethiopia. Four irrigation water treatments were applied with three replications consisting of: C (canal), S (seepage), 2CS (two canal and seepage) and CS (canal and seepage). In both seasons, the onion bulb yield variations between the C, 2CS and CS treatments were not significant; however, the S treatment reduced the onion yield significantly compared to all but CS in 2015/2016. The S treatment resulted in significant salt accumulation in the upper soil profile (0–20 cm). The alternate (C : S) cyclic option is thus recommended for alleviation of the problem of freshwater scarcity, without undue onion yield reduction and soil salinization in Gumselassa and similar irrigation schemes.
Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Optic Neuropathy in Patients with Fibrous Dysplasia
Authors: Pan Kristen S , FitzGibbon Edmond J , Vitale Susan , Lee Janice S , Collins Michael T , Boyce Alison M 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Optic neuropathy (ON) is a highly disabling complication of fibrous dysplasia (FD). The optimal test for identifying and monitoring ON in FD is unknown. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality that detects retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning, a sign of optic nerve atrophy. The purpose of this study was to (i) assess the ability of OCT RNFL thickness measurements to identify ON in FD; (ii) compare the performance of RNFL thickness to computed tomography measurements; and (iii) examine changes in RNFL thickness over time to assess disease progression. A retrospective cohort study was performed to assess subjects (n = 70) who underwent neuro-ophthalmologic examination, including OCT. The diagnostic utility of RNFL thickness was determined using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the accuracy was compared with computed tomography measurements. The relationship between RNFL thickness and age was assessed cross-sectionally, using generalized estimating equation methodology, and longitudinally, using a generalized mixed model. Eleven subjects were identified with ON. RNFL thickness identified ON (area under curve = 0.997, p &lt; 0.0001) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95%, respectively, when using the diagnostic criterion of ≤71 μm. RNFL thickness outperformed computed tomography measurements of optic canal narrowing and optic nerve stretch. Subjects with ON exhibited a greater decrease in RNFL thickness with each year of age (−0.70 μm/year, p &lt; 0.001) than subjects with normal vision (−0.16 μm/year, p &lt; 0.05). When assessed longitudinally, subjects with normal vision demonstrated an increase in RNFL thickness until approximately age 20 years that decreased thereafter. In contrast, subjects with ON exhibited an earlier decrease in RNFL thickness during adolescence. In conclusion, RNFL thickness of ≤71 μm accurately identified ON in this population. By establishing the difference in rate of RNFL thinning in patients with and without ON, clinicians may distinguish between patients at risk for ON and intervene before irreversible damage. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A‐kinase interacting protein 1 as a potential biomarker of advanced tumor features and increased recurrence risk in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhang Luqing , Tao Haiying , Ke Kongliang , Ma Cui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to detect the expression of A‐kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) and explore its correlation with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients.MethodsA total of 245 PTC patients treated by lobectomy or thyroidectomy were analyzed in this retrospective study. AKIP1 expression in tumor and adjacent tissue (from Specimen Room of our hospital) was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) assay and then categorized as four grades: AKIP1 low (IHC score ≤3), high+ (IHC score 4‐6), high++ (IHC score 7‐9), and high+++ (IHC score 10‐12).ResultsA‐kinase interacting protein 1 low, high+, high++, and high+++ expression was 101 (41.2%), 101 (41.2%), 32 (13.1%), and 11 (4.5%) in tumor tissues, while was 173 (70.6%), 61 (24.9%), 9 (3.7%), and 2 (0.8%) in adjacent tissues. Further comparison analysis showed increased grade of AKIP1 expression in tumor tissues compared to adjacent tissue. Meanwhile, increased grade of tumor AKIP1 expression was correlated with larger tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, increased pT stage, and higher pTNM stage. For prognosis, increased grade of tumor AKIP1 expression was correlated with shorter disease‐free survival (DFS), while was not correlated with overall survival (OS). Forward stepwise multivariate Cox's regression revealed that higher tumor AKIP1 was an independent factor predicting worse DFS, but not OS.ConclusionAKIP1 is upregulated in tumor tissue, and increased tumor AKIP1 expression correlates with advanced tumor features and increased recurrence risk in PTC patients, which suggest that AKIP1 severs as a potential marker for effective supervision of PTC progression.
Single‐cell deconstruction of post‐sepsis skeletal muscle and adipose tissue microenvironments
Authors: Cho Dong Seong , Schmitt Rebecca E. , Dasgupta Aneesha , Ducharme Alexandra M. , Doles Jason D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPersistent loss of skeletal muscle mass and function as well as altered fat metabolism are frequently observed in severe sepsis survivors. Studies examining sepsis‐associated tissue dysfunction from the perspective of the tissue microenvironment are scarce. In this study, we comprehensively assessed transcriptional changes in muscle and fat at single‐cell resolution following experimental sepsis induction.MethodsSkeletal muscle and visceral white adipose tissue from control mice or mice 1 day or 1 month following faecal slurry‐induced sepsis were used. Single cells were mechanically and enzymatically prepared from whole tissue, and viable cells were further isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Droplet‐based single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq; 10× Genomics) was used to generate single‐cell gene expression profiles of thousands of muscle and fat‐resident cells. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify and compare individual cell populations in both tissues.ResultsIn skeletal muscle, scRNA‐seq analysis classified 1438 single cells into myocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, macrophages, neutrophils, T‐cells, B‐cells, and dendritic cells. In adipose tissue, scRNA‐seq analysis classified 2281 single cells into adipose stem cells, preadipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, B‐cells, T‐cells, NK cells, and gamma delta T‐cells. One day post‐sepsis, the proportion of most non‐immune cell populations was decreased, while immune cell populations, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, were highly enriched. Proportional changes of endothelial cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were validated using faecal slurry and cecal ligation and puncture models. At 1 month post‐sepsis, we observed persistent enrichment/depletion of cell populations and further uncovered a cell‐type and tissue‐specific ability to return to a baseline transcriptomic state. Differential gene expression analyses revealed key genes and pathways altered in post‐sepsis muscle and fat and highlighted the engagement of infection/inflammation and tissue damage signalling. Finally, regulator analysis identified gonadotropin‐releasing hormone and Bay 11‐7082 as targets/compounds that we show can reduce sepsis‐associated loss of lean or fat mass.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate persistent post‐sepsis muscle and adipose tissue disruption at the single‐cell level and highlight opportunities to combat long‐term post‐sepsis tissue wasting using bioinformatics‐guided therapeutic interventions.
Elucidating the effect of impurities present in different crude glycerol sources on lipid and citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolyticaSKY7
Authors: Kumar Lalit R , Yellapu Sravan K , Yan Song , Tyagi RD , Drogui Patrick 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCrude glycerol is an industrial by‐product of biodiesel producing companies and requires a high cost for purification. In fact, it is a good carbon source and can be used for lipid production from oleaginous microbes. However, crude glycerol has several impurities that may impact the cellular metabolism for lipid production.RESULTSIn this study, crude glycerol from different sources was employed for lipid production and the effect of its impurities on the biomass and lipid production was investigated on Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7, which is a well‐known yeast for lipid and citric acid production. Growth inhibition was observed in BIOCARDEL, BIOLIQ, and ROTHSAY glycerol when compared with pure glycerol. This was due to high sodium concentrations in BIOCARDEL, high potassium concentrations in BIOLIQ, and high sulphur concentrations in ROTHSAY glycerol. Among three crude glycerol sources, the highest lipid concentration (14.78 g L−1) was obtained using BIOCARDEL glycerol at 96 h. However, the higher citric acid concentrations of 18.70 g L−1 in ROTHSAY glycerol and 12.00 g L−1 in BIOLIQ were obtained at 96 h when compared with 8.30 g L−1 in BIOCARDEL glycerol.CONCLUSIONA high potassium and sulphur concentration in glycerol medium inhibits cell growth and lipid production in Yarrowia lipolytica SKY7, while it favors citric acid production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
High efficient strategy for the production of hydroxyapatite/silk sericin nanocomposites
Authors: Veiga Anabela , Castro Filipa , L Oliveira Ana , Rocha Fernando 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSericin (SS) induces nucleation of bone‐like hydroxyapatite (HAp) when used as an organic matrix. HAp/SS nanocomposites have been conventionally synthesized through precipitation in stirred tank reactors (STs). Despite its simplicity, this process is time consuming and presents difficulties in scale‐up. In our study, HAp/SS nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in a ST and in a meso‐oscillatory flow reactor (meso‐OFR), to compare the efficiency of both reactors and to study HAp mineralization using SS as a template.RESULTSThe production of stable HAp, indicated by pH stabilization, was achieved after 180 min in the ST and after 30 min in the meso‐OFR. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the particles obtained in both reactors are HAp/SS nanocomposites with low crystallinity. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced the formation of rod‐ and plate‐shaped nanoparticles and revealed that the presence of SS led to the production of larger particles. The latter observation was confirmed by laser diffraction. Additionally, increasing SS concentration resulted in the formation of more plate‐like particles.CONCLUSIONSPrecipitation is more efficient in the meso‐OFR, HAp/SS being obtained four times faster. The presence and concentration of SS led to differences in the size and morphology of the synthesized particles, suggesting a critical role of SS in the mineralization process. This work reports a new approach for the manufacture of high‐added‐value nanocomposites with similar characteristics to biological bone and the results of a study of the influence of SS as an organic component in HAp nucleation. Further, the use of this protein and technology leads to significant waste minimization. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Lactulose may reduce Clostridium difficile‐related diarrhea among patients receiving antibiotics
Authors: Maltz Charles , Miskovitz Paul F , Hajifathalian Kaveh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPrebiotics are nondigestible oligosaccharides that are metabolized by colonic bacteria, resulting in a change in the pH of the colonic milieu as well as modifying the microbiome of the colon. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether concomitant lactulose administration affected the Clostridium difficile infection rate among hospitalized adult patients receiving antibiotics.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed inpatient medical records of patients in a large teaching hospital admitted during a one‐year period. Individuals treated with antibiotic therapy during the course of their hospitalization were considered for inclusion in the study. Patients were evaluated for development of C. difficile infection, as well as concomitant lactulose therapy for hepatic encephalopathy. The incidence of C. difficile infection among patients who received lactulose and antibiotic therapy was compared with that among those who received antibiotic therapy alone.ResultsPatients who received lactulose and antibiotic therapy were slightly older (n = 87, mean age 67) than patients who received antibiotic therapy alone (n = 103, mean age 60). Similar numbers of patients were males in both groups (male/female: 50/53 and male/female: 46/41). Two (2.3%) patients who received lactulose and antibiotic therapy developed C. difficile infection during the course of hospitalization, compared with 10 (9.7%) patients who received antibiotic therapy alone (P = 0.04, Fisher exact test).ConclusionAdministration of lactulose may reduce the incidence of C. difficile‐related diarrhea among hospitalized adult patients receiving antibiotics.
Daily and seasonal variation of the surface temperature lapse rate and 0°C isotherm height in the western subtropical Andes
Authors: Ibañez María , Gironás Jorge , Oberli Christian , Chadwick Cristián , Garreaud René D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spatial distribution of surface air temperatures is essential for understanding and modelling high‐relief environments. Good estimations of the surface temperature lapse rate (STLR) and the 0°C isotherm height (H0) are fundamental for hydrological modelling in mountainous basins. Although STLR changes in space and time, it is typically assumed to be constant leading to errors in the estimation of direct‐runoff volumes and flash‐floods risk assessment. This paper characterizes daily and seasonal temporal variations of the in‐situ STLR and H0 over the western slope of the subtropical Andes (central Chile). We use temperature data collected during 2 years every 10 min by a 16 sensors network in a small catchment with elevations ranging between 700 and 3,250 m. The catchment drains directly into Santiago, the Chilean capital with more than seven million inhabitants. Resulting values are compared against those obtained using off‐site, operational data sets. Significant intra‐ and inter‐day variations of the in‐situ STLR were found, likely reflecting changes in the low‐level temperature inversion during dry conditions. The annual average in‐situ STLR is −5.9°C/km during wet‐weather conditions. Furthermore, STLR and H0 estimations using off‐site gauges are extremely sensitive to the existence of gauging stations at high elevations.
Sources of expertise in social enterprises
Authors: Allen Robert Anthony 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSocial enterprises draw upon multifarious sources of expertise in pursuit of their social and business goals. The social enterprise's first source of expertise is that of their own relational experience derived from their previous employment or experiences and context expertise developed from a deep understanding of their own business. They seek advice from a wide expert‐support network favoring those associated with business acumen more than any other. The expert‐support network consists of eight distinct categories that are described in a comprehensive model.
Sub3 inhibits Aspergillus flavus growth by disrupting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and has potential biocontrol during peanut storage
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lv Yangyong , Lv Ang , Wei Shan , Zhang Shuaibing , Li Cuixiang , Hu Yuansen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAspergillus flavus, a saprophytic fungus, is regularly detected in oil‐enriched seeds. During colonization, this organism releases aflatoxins that pose a serious risk to food safety and human health. Therefore, an eco‐friendly biological approach to inhibit the pathogen is desirable.ResultsExperimental results indicated that A. flavus spores could not germinate in potato dextrose broth culture medium, when the concentration of Sub3 exceeded 0.15 g L−1. Morphological evaluation performed by flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy indicated that spores were shrunken and pitted following Sub3 exposure. Physiological assessment using propidium iodide, 5,5′,6,6′‐tetrachloro‐1,1′,3,3′‐tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide, 2,7‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining revealed damaged cell membranes, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and elevated large nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 29.42% and 45.48% after treatment with 0.1 and 0.15 g L−1 Sub3, respectively. Additionally, colonization capacity in peanut was significantly decreased, and the number of spores on seeds treated with Sub3 was decreased by 26.86% (0.1 g L−1) and 77.74% (0.15 g L−1) compared with the control group.ConclusionSub3 likely inhibits A. flavus by crossing the cell wall and targeting the cell membrane, disrupting mitochondrial energy metabolism, and inducing DNA damage, leading to spore death. Thus, Sub3 may provide a useful biocontrol strategy to control A. flavus growth in peanuts. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of virgin olive oils from Spanish olive varieties introduced in Mendoza, Argentina, and their comparison with the autochthonous variety
Authors: Banco Adriana , Trentacoste Eduardo , Monasterio Romina P 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to evaluate and compare oil production and its quality in three Spanish olive varieties (Genovesa, Villalonga, and Nevadillo blanco) growing outside the Mediterranean basin with the Argentine autochthonous variety (Arauco). Fruit parameters and oil characteristics were evaluated using samples collected from the germplasm collection of Mendoza province and elaborated in the same place.RESULTSThe levels of phenolic compounds and the fatty acid composition of the samples were comparable with those previously published for these Spanish varieties, grown in the Mediterranean basin, showing the adaptability of olive trees. Observing the levels of phenolic compounds and oxidative stability, a strong correlation between oxidative stability and oleocanthal was observed.CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of the fruit and oil differed according to variety and season. The inter‐harvest stability was different depending on the variety. Genovesa was observed to be the most stable variety according to its fruit and oil characteristics – even more stable than the autochthonous variety, Arauco. However, in terms of the composition of phenolic compounds, Arauco was the most stable between harvests, this characteristic being more important for the taste and uniformity of the product. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Initial Effects of Wildfire on Freshwater Turtle Nesting Habitat
Authors: Markle Chantel E. , Wilkinson Sophie L. , Waddington James M. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTNatural wildfire regimes are important for ecosystem succession but can have negative ecological effects depending on fire characteristics. A portion of a granite rock barrens landscape that extends along the eastern shoreline of Georgian Bay, Lake Huron to eastern Ontario, Canada, burned in 2018 during a wildfire that affected >11,000 ha. This landscape is a biodiversity hotspot providing habitat for many species at risk where freshwater turtles nest in soil deposits in cracks and crevices in the bedrock dominated by moss (Polytrichumspp.) and lichen (Cladoniaspp.) cover. To assess the initial effect of wildfire on freshwater turtle nesting habitat, we measured soil depths and estimated moss, lichen, and vascular plant cover at 2 morphology types (crevice, flat) in burned and unburned areas of the landscape. The probability that burned flat plots supported soil was near zero; the burned flat plots had 98% less soil volume compared to unburned flat plots. Although crevices were more resistant to soil loss, burned crevices still had a 15% lower probability of having soil and 35% less soil volume compared to unburned crevice plots. We estimated nest site availability by calculating the number of locations with shallow (5–10 cm), intermediate (10–20 cm), and deep (>20 cm) soils required for a small (5 cm × 5 cm) or medium (10 cm × 10 cm) nest chamber. Overall, the burned open rock barrens had 71–73% fewer sites with suitable soil depth and volume for a nest chamber of either size. Furthermore, burned plots had almost no lichen and moss cover but were dominated by bare soil, forbs, and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seedlings. Although the loss of tree cover in previously forested areas may increase nest site availability for freshwater turtles in newly open areas, we suggest that organic soil combustion and soil erosion may require restoration activities in the post‐fire landscape to support successful nesting of at‐risk turtles. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.