bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse perceptions of physical assessment skills for detecting acute progression of heart failure
Authors: Goto Hisae , Yamauchi Toyoaki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThe study purpose was to investigate whether years of clinical experience and experience of encountering heart failure affect perceptions of the need for physical assessment, and the nature of the association between perceptions and years of clinical experience.MethodsThis study was survey‐based. Of hospitals in Japan with ≥200 beds, 298 hospitals were randomly selected as candidate research sites. Ultimately, 44 hospitals agreed to participate in this study. A self‐administered questionnaire measuring 48 physical assessment skills was developed and distributed to nurses. The questionnaire rated the perceived need for 48 skills assessing acute progression of heart failure.ResultsOf 1,113 nurses sampled, 373 (33.5%) responded. Of these, 347 completed questionnaires (response rate: 93.0%). Nurses' perceived need for skills involving systematic or cardiovascular system assessment decreased with clinical experience. Nurses' perceived need for skills involving cardiovascular symptoms and circulatory failure assessment increased with clinical experience. We found four patterns of change for nurses' perceptions of physical assessment skills according to clinical experience.ConclusionsThe findings showed that differences in nurses' perceived need for physical assessment skills were associated with differences in clinical experience. Nurses with more experience selected more suitable skills for detecting acute progression of heart failure. Nurses' perceptions of the need for specific skills were proportional to years of clinical experience, and there may be a threshold value of years of experience.
Sex differences in CRF1, CRF, and CRFBP expression in C57BL/6J mouse brain across the lifespan and in response to acute stress
Authors: Locci Andrea , Yan Yan , Rodriguez Guadalupe , Dong Hongxin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSignaling pathways mediated by corticotropin‐releasing factor and its receptor 1 (CRF1) play a central role in stress responses. Dysfunction of the CRF system has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, dynamic changes in the CRF system during brain development and aging are not well investigated. In this study, we characterized CRF1, CRF, and corticotropin‐releasing factor binding protein (CRFBP) expression in different brain regions in both male and female C57BL/6J mice from 1 to 18 months of age under basal conditions as well as after an acute 2‐hr‐restraint stress. We found that CRF and CRF1 levels tended to increase in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, and to decrease in the prefrontal cortex with aging, especially at 18 months of age, whereas CRFBP expression followed an opposite direction in these brain areas. We also observed area‐specific sex differences in the expression of these three proteins. For example, CRF expression was lower in females than in males in all the brain regions examined except the prefrontal cortex. After acute stress, CRF and CRF1 were up‐regulated at 1, 6, and 12 months of age, and down‐regulated at 18 months of age. Females showed more robust changes compared to males of the same age. CRFBP expression either decreased or remained unchanged in most of the brain areas following acute stress. Our findings suggest that brain CRF1, CRF, and CRFBP expression changes dynamically across the lifespan and under stress condition in a sex‐ and regional‐specific manner. Sex differences in the CRF system in response to stress may contribute to the etiology of stress‐related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Modified double‐eyelid blepharoplasty with the combined partial‐ And minimal‐incision method
Authors: Shen Xiao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐eyelid surgery remains a popular esthetic surgery in East Asian people. The partial‐incision method provides the benefits of full‐incision and nonincision techniques. It can create a predictable and durable double‐eyelid crease.AimsTo create a long‐lasting double‐eyelid crease with a minimal scar, the author has described the modified partial incision technique with a small and minimal incision.Patients/MethodsA preoperative design was developed with the patient in an upright sitting position. A partial incision was made between the medial limbus and the middle pupillary line; the minimal incision was made just adjacent to the lateral limbus. After local anesthesia, a strip of orbicularis oculi below the incision was dissected, and the pretarsal orbicularis oculi, anterior tarsal fascia and part of the anterior tarsal fat were removed. The skin, dermis and orbicularis oculi were sutured together with the pretarsal fascia.ResultsFrom July 2016 to September 2018, 138 patients received a modified partial‐incision double‐eyelid surgery. A total of 119 patients were followed up. The postoperative shape and height were stable. Five patients developed loss of the unilateral fold (2.17%), and one patient complained of bilateral narrow eyelid folds (0.87%). No serious complications were noted.ConclusionThe modified partial‐incision technique for creating a double eyelid described here provides stable results with no visible scar and no serious complications.
The role of device closure of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Fukutomi M. , Wilkins B. , Søndergaard L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne of the most frequent causes of cardiac embolism in cryptogenic stroke is a paradoxical embolus, which originate from systemic venous source though an unidentified patent foramen ovale (PFO). PFO is a common finding in the general population with a prevalence of 25% to 30%. Transcatheter PFO device closure is known to be feasible and safety treatment for such patients. In recent years, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted to address the superiority of PFO closure over medical therapy alone in the prevention of stroke recurrence in patients with PFO. In contrast to findings from early 3 RCTs, recent 4 RCTs could successfully show the benefits of PFO device closure compared with medical therapy, with less peri‐ and postprocedural complication. Based on these data, PFO device closure is recommended to carefully select cryptogenic stroke patients aged from 18 to 65 years, with a high probability of a causal role of the PFO in stroke events. However, it is still uncertain whether PFO closure is superior to oral anticoagulants therapy in these patients. Therefore, further prospective randomized trials are needed to address the efficacy of PFO device closure to oral anticoagulants therapy.
Neuroimaging in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review
Authors: Mallon Dermot , Doig David , Dixon Luke , Gontsarova Anastasia , Jan Wajanat , Tona Francesca 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTSickle cell disease is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy, which results in abnormally shaped and rigid red blood cells. These sickle‐shaped red blood cells cause vaso‐occlusion and ischemic phenomena that can affect any organ in the body. As a common cause of disability, the neurological manifestations of sickle cell disease are particularly important. Neuroimaging has a crucial role in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of the complications of sickle cell disease. These complications can affect the brain parenchyma, vasculature, and skull and can be ascribed directly or indirectly to a vasculopathy of small and large vessels. Vaso‐occlusion can cause ischemic stroke. Ischemic damage in the absence of an acute neurological deficit, and therefore only apparent on neuroimaging, is termed silent cerebral ischemia. Weakening of the arterial walls can cause aneurysms. In its most severe form, a vasculopathy of the terminal internal carotid arteries can progress to moyamoya syndrome, characterized by steno‐occlusive disease and the formation of friable collateral arteries. Rupture of aneurysms or friable collateral arteries is a potential cause of intracranial hemorrhage. The skull and vertebrae may be affected by extra‐medullary hematopoiesis, due to severe anemia, or iron deposition, due to chronic red blood cell transfusion. Impaired blood supply to bone is associated with osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis. Fat embolization syndrome is a rare complication of osteonecrosis, which may cause devastating neurological impairment. Awareness and early recognition of the diverse manifestations of sickle cell disease on neuroimaging is crucial to ensure optimal treatment in a complex patient cohort.
In silico evaluation of drugs used in treatment of oral lichen planus
Authors: Ramakrishnan Priyadharshini , Pavan kumar T , Saraswathy GR , Sujatha S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic T cell–mediated, immunological, mucocutaneous disease with a number of genes and inflammatory mediators implicated in its pathogenesis. Heart shock protein 70 and the proinflammatory mediator TNFα have been predominantly involved in the etiopathogenesis of oral lichen planus.MethodsIn this study, the action of 27 commonly used drugs for treating OLP at HSP70 and TNFα were evaluated by molecular docking using Maestro Schrodinger version 10.1. X‐ray crystallographic structures of the target proteins, that is, Heat Shock Protein 70 (PDB Code: 6FDT) and tumor necrosis factor alpha‐1 (PDB Code: 1TNF) were obtained from Protein Data Bank (PDB). The structures of the ligands (27 drugs) were obtained from PubChem in.sdf format. Using Ligprep, pre‐processing of the ligands was done. Extra‐precision docking was performed with the prepared protein and the ligands.ResultsWith respect to HSP70, the highest dock score (−4.768) and glide score (−4.818) were seen with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), followed by epigallocatechin gallate (green tea), methotrexate, and curcumin. The highest dock (−9.525) and glide score (−9.584) in TNFα were seen in with epigallocatechin gallate, followed by HCQ, dapsone, and methotrexate.ConclusionThe results of the study tend to explain the clinical use of HCQ in recalcitrant and severe cases, as well as the anti‐inflammatory property of epigallocatechin gallate. The results of the study open ventures for exploring the in silico behavior of drugs for effective pathological management.
Adolescent Health Behaviors in Schools with 4‐ Versus 5‐Day School Weeks
Authors: Israel Whitney , Mulitauopele Christine , Ma Ming , Levinson Arnold H. , Cikara Lauren , Brooks‐Russell Ashley 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe adoption of a shortened school week from the traditional 5 to 4 days is increasing nationwide. Budgetary and staffing needs are driving the change, yet research on the effects on students is lacking, especially regarding student health. Our study examined student health in 4 vs 5‐day schools in Colorado, a state with one of the highest numbers of schools with a 4‐day week.METHODSData are from a population‐based survey of high‐school students. Student responses were weighted to school enrollment, and schools were classified by length of the school week. Indicators of health behaviors and outcomes were compared between the two groups, adjusted for student and school characteristics.RESULTSA 4‐day school week was associated with several positive health outcomes (improved student engagement, decreased substance use behaviors, decreased non‐school screen time, and increased physical activity) as well as several negative health outcomes (increased bullying, increased sexual activity, decreased sleep, and breakfast consumption).CONCLUSIONSOur study found mixed health outcomes associated with attending schools with shortened weeks. The findings may be related to longer school days and a non‐contact day, but further research is needed.
Improving paediatric advance care planning: Results of a learning needs analysis and simulation‐based education programme
Authors: Katz Naomi T , Sacks Bronwyn H , Hynson Jenny L , Heywood Melissa , Williams Molly , Sokol Jenni 
Published: August 2020

AimTo assess clinicians' experience, attitudes and confidence with advance care planning (ACP) at a quaternary paediatric referral centre using a learning‐needs survey, and then apply this information to develop and examine the feasibility of simulation‐based education for this topic.MethodsAn electronic learning‐needs survey was distributed to medical, nursing and allied health clinicians from departments who provide primary care for children with life‐limiting conditions. Results were incorporated into the design of a simulation‐based education session which was piloted with the Royal Children's Hospital Oncology Department.ResultsA total of 157 learning‐needs surveys were included in analysis, and included quantitative and qualitative responses from nursing, allied health, senior and junior medical staff from intensive care, general and subspecialty medical teams. Most (75.0%) participants had participated in ACP discussions previously. Only 40.1% of participants felt confident to assess appropriate timing of, and 45.2% felt adequately prepared to participate in ACP discussions. Barriers identified were both clinician and patient/parent related, including clinicians not knowing when to address issues (43.9%) or what to say (21.0%). Participants indicated that ACP discussions are most frequently initiated when death is clearly imminent. Following a pilot of simulation‐based education with the oncology department, 90% of participants expressed confidence to participate in ACP discussions.ConclusionsBarriers to paediatric ACP, including lack of clinician training, continue to contribute to delayed conversations. Simulation‐based education is a valuable and feasible educational tool that can increase clinicians' understanding and confidence in this area.
Characteristics and causes of death in children with neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: Uebel Hannah , Wright Ian M , Burns Lucinda , Hilder Lisa , Bajuk Barbara , Breen Courtney , Abdel‐Latif Mohamed E , Falconer Janet , Clews Sarah , Ward Meredith , Eastwood John , Oei Ju Lee 
Published: August 2020

AimTo determine characteristics of death in children with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).MethodsA population‐based linkage study of children from birth to 13 years of age in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, born 1 July 2000 to 31 December 2011. Infants with an International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Problems, Australian modification coding of NAS (P96.1, n = 3842) were compared to infants (n = 1 018 421) without NAS by birth, hospitalisation and death records linkage.ResultsForty‐five (1.2%) children with NAS died, compared to 3665 (0.4%) other children. Most deaths (n = 30, 66%) in NAS children occurred between 1 month and 1 year. Risk of death was independently increased in full‐term children (hazard ratio 2.34, 95% confidence interval 1.63–3.35; P < 0.001) from lower socio‐economic groups (1.23, 1.12–1.35; P < 0.001), most commonly from ill‐defined or external causes, including assault and accidents (P < 0.001).ConclusionsChildren with NAS, especially those of term gestation and from lower socio‐economic groups, are more likely to die, especially from external causes.
Phosphites of manganese and zinc potentiate the resistance of common bean against infection by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli
Authors: Costa Lilian Cação , Debona Daniel , Silveira Patricia Ricardino , Cacique Isaias Severino , Aucique‐Pérez Carlos Eduardo , Resende Renata Sousa , Oliveira José Rogério , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCommon bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (Xapf), negatively impact common bean production globally. Considering the potential of phosphites to protect plants against different diseases, this study investigated the potential of using manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) phosphites in common bean for CBB control. Plants were inoculated with Xapf 48 hr after being sprayed with water (control) and solutions (7.5 ml/L) of Mn and Zn phosphites. The area under common bacterial blight progress curve (AUCBBPC) was significantly lower by 34% and 59% for Mn and Zn phosphite treatments in comparison with the control treatment. The AUCBBPC was significantly reduced by 38% for Zn phosphite‐sprayed plants compared to Mn phosphite treatment. Phosphite‐sprayed plants displayed higher values for area under the curves of net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapour, transpiration rate and internal‐to‐ambient CO2 concentration ratio than non‐sprayed plants. This indicates the effect of Mn and Zn phosphites in attenuating the photochemical dysfunctions caused by Xapf infection. Moreover, plants sprayed with Mn phosphite displayed higher values for area under the curves of efficiency in capturing the excitation energy of open reaction centres of PSII and electron transport rate than those non‐sprayed indicating their capacity to preserve the capture and the use of the collected energy more efficiently. Lower AUCBBPC for Zn phosphite‐sprayed plants resulted in higher concentrations of total chlorophylls. The Zn phosphite‐sprayed plants showed higher values for area under the curves of β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, polyphenoloxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. The Zn phosphite spray primed the plants to enhance their defence response and antioxidant capacity to reduce Xapf‐triggered oxidative stress with the preservation of the photosynthetic apparatus more efficiently.
Using Demographics to Predict Palliative Care Access in Inpatient Facilities in Rural North Carolina
Authors: Johnson Lee Ann , Melendez Carlos , Larson Kim , Moye Janet , Schreier Ann M. , Ellis Charles 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeFor individuals with cancer, palliative care improves quality of life, mood, and survival. Rural residents experience limited access to palliative care. In eastern North Carolina, a rural area, little is known about access to inpatient cancer‐related palliative care. This study describes access to inpatient palliative care and developed a predictive model of who was most likely to be admitted to an inpatient facility without a palliative care provider.MethodsA descriptive, exploratory design was used to examine demographics, clinical variables, and inpatient admissions from 2017 and 2018, in a major regional teaching hospital system that included 8 hospitals (7 rural hospitals). Descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression were used to analyze data.FindingsThe mean age was 62.2 years (N = 2,161, range: 18‐88, SD = 15.52): 49.4% were female, 54% lived in a rural county, and 44.4% were black. The outlying rural hospitals, with no palliative care providers on staff, had 388 admissions (18%). Only gender (P = .0128), county (P < .0001), and age (P < .05) contributed to the logistic model. The predicted probability of being admitted to an inpatient facility with a palliative care provider is higher for younger males living in urban counties. That probability decreases with age regardless of the gender or type of county.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the limited availability of inpatient palliative care for those with cancer. Women, older adults, and rural residents are more likely to be admitted to 1 of the 7 rural hospitals with no palliative care provider on staff.
Phylogenetic relationships within the Mexican genus Bakerantha (Hechtioideae, Bromeliaceae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA: Implications for taxonomy
Authors: Romero‐Soler Katya J. , Ramírez‐Morillo Ivón M. , Ruiz‐Sanchez Eduardo , Hornung‐Leoni Claudia T. , Carnevali Germán , Raigoza Néstor 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bakerantha is one of the three genera of subfamily Hechtioideae (Bromeliaceae). This genus was re‐established recently, and it currently contains four species (B. caerulea, B. lundelliorum, B. purpusii, and B. tillandsioides), which are distributed throughout the central region of Mexico. Bakerantha tillandsioides has the widest geographical distribution of the four species, and some populations currently referred to it do not match the species description. In this study, we used extensive sampling (81 accessions) of four plastid regions (matK, rpl32‐trnL, rps16‐trnK, and ycf1) and the nuclear PRK gene to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships and delimit the species boundaries in Bakerantha. Our results confirm the monophyly of Bakerantha, and the species delimitation analysis supports five evolutionary lineages within Bakerantha, showing that B. tillandsioides is nonmonophyletic as currently circumscribed. Diagnostic characters and coherent geographical distributions support the five lineages. On the basis of our results, we describe and illustrate B. hidalguense as a new species and provide evidence that B. caerulea is morphologically and ecologically different from B. tillandsioides, with which it has been confused in the past. Additionally, we provide a morphological key to the Bakerantha species.
Phylogeny and phylogeography of Arenaria section Pseudomoehringia
Authors: Bobo‐Pinilla Javier , Peñas Julio , Padilla‐García Nélida , Martínez‐Ortega María Montserrat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhylogeographic and evolutionary studies are necessary to establish solid taxonomic treatments and to implement effective conservation programs. Unfortunately, a well‐argued and well‐founded taxonomic framework is still lacking for some Mediterranean taxa. This is the case of Arenaria section Pseudomoehringia, a group that currently comprises three species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula (A. funiculata, A. suffruticosa, and A. tejedensis) and A. glochidisperma, which is restricted to the Rif mountains, North Africa. However, the taxonomic boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among these species are still uncertain. To explore the evolutionary history and phylogeographic patterns within this section, analyses based on nuclear (amplified fragment length polymorphism and internal transcribed spacer) and plastid DNA markers (psbA‐3’ trnK‐matK and rps16) were performed. Our study has confirmed the monophyly of the section, in which two species are clearly identified (A. funiculata and A. glochidisperma) and an additional species complex (“A. suffruticosa + A. tejedensis complex”) is also supported as a monophyletic clade. The phylogeographic results point toward a dispersal event of a common ancestor of the group from the Iberian Peninsula, giving rise to A. glochidisperma in North Africa. Moreover, A. funiculata and A. glochidisperma are identified as closely related species edaphically differentiated across the Strait of Gibraltar. Our study indicates low levels of a recent gene flow among populations of the “A. suffruticosa + A. tejedensis complex,” which are genetically highly structured and suggest an isolation by distance pattern, probably due to a combination of ecological and geographic barriers. Furthermore, the taxonomic and conservation status of taxa included in Arenaria section Pseudomoehringia has been reviewed.