bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mediating effect of trust on the relationship between doctor–patient communication and patients' risk perception during treatment
Authors: Wei Dong , Xu Anqi , Wu Xue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDoctor–patient communication interacts with patients' satisfaction to influence patients' risk perception. Current theories to explain this relationship have assumed particular psychological processes to explain observations of risk‐sensitive behavior in an economic setting, but as of yet, they have not addressed whether it is adaptive for a decision‐maker in a health‐care situation. In addition, little is known about the role of interpersonal trust between doctor and patient. We surveyed 602 patients to examine the way in which trust, communication, and patients' satisfaction are related to patients' risk perception about uncertainties in medical treatment. The results showed that patients held a relatively low level of risk perception, which means that they had insufficient preparation for the possibility of uncertainties about the treatment. The association between doctor–patient communication and patients' perceived risk was mediated by doctor–patient trust. These results suggest that there is a relationship among good doctor–patient communication, patients' trust in medical staff, and perceived risk during medical treatment. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Iterative annealing mechanism explains the functions of the GroEL and RNA chaperones
Authors: Thirumalai D. , Lorimer George H. , Hyeon Changbong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular chaperones are ATP‐consuming machines, which facilitate the folding of proteins and RNA molecules that are kinetically trapped in misfolded states. Unassisted folding occurs by the kinetic partitioning mechanism according to which folding to the native state, with low probability as well as misfolding to one of the many metastable states, with high probability, occur rapidly. GroEL is an all‐purpose stochastic machine that assists misfolded substrate proteins to fold. The RNA chaperones such as CYT‐19, which are ATP‐consuming enzymes, help the folding of ribozymes that get trapped in metastable states for long times. GroEL does not interact with the folded proteins but CYT‐19 disrupts both the folded and misfolded ribozymes. The structures of GroEL and RNA chaperones are strikingly different. Despite these differences, the iterative annealing mechanism (IAM) quantitatively explains all the available experimental data for assisted folding of proteins and ribozymes. Driven by ATP binding and hydrolysis and GroES binding, GroEL undergoes a catalytic cycle during which it samples three allosteric states, T (apo), R (ATP bound), and R″ (ADP bound). Analyses of the experimental data show that the efficiency of the GroEL–GroES machinery and mutants is determined by the resetting rate
k
R ″  → T, which is largest for the wild‐type (WT) GroEL. Generalized IAM accurately predicts the folding kinetics of Tetrahymena ribozyme and its variants. Chaperones maximize the product of the folding rate and the steady‐state native state fold by driving the substrates out of equilibrium. Neither the absolute yield nor the folding rate is optimized.
Modeling impacts of combustion products on humans in complex processing facilities
Authors: Tan Jia W. , Garaniya Vikram , Baalisampang Til , Abbassi Rouzbeh , Khan Faisal , Dadashzadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHeat radiation, combustion products, and flame engulfment are the main hazards from a fire event. Several reports have indicated that fire toxicity has caused greater numbers of human injuries and fatalities than those of heat radiation and flame engulfment. In a complex facility, the risk of fire toxicity increases significantly due to the difficulty of escaping in cases of emergency rescue and evacuation operations. This study proposes a methodology to model the impact of combustion products on humans. Several fire scenarios were considered to identify credible fire scenarios. In the most credible fire scenario, concentrations of combustion products over the layout of a facility were modeled. The results showed that the concentrations of CO and CO2 are below the short‐term exposure limit and lethal concentration 50 threshold limits at the considered time. The possible reasons for this are that the fire location was in a well‐ventilated area and equipment layouts were designed with proper safety gaps replicating a full‐scale dimension of an operating floating liquefied natural gas processing facility. The concentration of soot is above the threshold limit, and this has the potential to cause adverse health effects. This study can provide a tool for assessing fire toxicity in processing facilities, which will help improve safety measures.
Semi‐quantitative risk assessment on the impact of port development to wellhead platform
Authors: Hermansyah Heri , Kumaraningrum Anggraini R. , Sommeng Andy N. , Wijanarko Anondho , Sahlan Muhamad , Shariff Azmi M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAn offshore company intends to develop a new field by installing two wellhead platforms to accommodate the well production from this field. Based on port development plans, the locations of these platforms are closed to port dumping and commercial anchorage areas. This can affect the platform's safety. Therefore, risk assessment and mitigation studies are required to forecast the impact of the new wellhead platform project. In this research, a risk analysis was conducted using a semi‐quantitative risk analysis method to determine the value of total external risk that affects the safety of platforms and security of personnel. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the maximum likelihood factors that affect the risk values of platforms. The values for the new platforms were found to high‐risk levels. To ensure that the risks are more tolerable, risk mitigation tasks need to be executed. Such tasks should be conducted by the company and related governmental bodies, such that the risk value, can be reduced to medium risk level. The typical risk factor developed in this research can be used by related stakeholders to determine the risk value for the impact of port development on platforms during construction and operation.
Optimization of ion trajectories in a dynamically harmonized Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance cell using a design of experiments strategy
Authors: Maillard Julien , Ferey Justine , Rüger Christopher P. , Schmitz‐Afonso Isabelle , Bekri Soumeya , Gautier Thomas , Carrasco Nathalie , Afonso Carlos , Tebani Abdellah 
Published: December 2019

RationaleWith the recent introduction of the dynamically harmonized Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) cell, the complexity of tuning has expanded drastically, and fine‐tuning of the direct current voltages is required to optimize the ion cloud movement. As this adjustment must typically be performed manually, more reliable computational methods would be useful.MethodsHere we propose a computational method based on a design of experiments (DoE) strategy to overcome the limits of classical manual tuning. This DoE strategy was exemplarily applied on a 12 T FT‐ICR instrument equipped with a dynamically harmonized ICR cell. The chemometric approach, based on a central composite face (CCF) design, was first applied to a reference material (sodium trifluoroacetate) allowing for the evaluation of the primary cell parameters. Eight factors related to shimming and gating were identified. The summed intensity of the signal corresponding to the even harmonics was defined as one quality criterion.ResultsThe DoE response allowed for rapid and complete mapping of cell parameters resulting in an optimized parameter set. The new set of cell parameters was applied to the study of an ultra‐complex sample: Tholins, an ultra‐complex mixture that mimics the haze present on Titan, was chosen. We observed a substantial improvement in mass spectrometric performance. The sum of signals related to harmonics was decreased by a factor of three (from 4% for conventional tuning to 1.3%). Furthermore, the dynamic range was also increased, which in turn led to an increase in attributed peaks by 13%.ConclusionsThis computational procedure based on an experimental design can be applied to any other mass spectrometric parameter optimization problem. This strategy will lead to a more transparent and data‐driven method development.
Differential adsorption of analyte and deuterated analogue onto the rotor seal of the injector in high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Lord Gwyn A. 
Published: December 2019

RationaleQuantitation of analytes by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) is now very widely used, usually with an appropriate internal standard, but this does not guarantee problem‐free analyses. Investigation of a problem that arose during method development is described, where it was surmised that differential adsorption onto the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) injector of the analyte (Rac GTPase inhibitor NSC23766) and its deuterated analogue, as internal standard, was taking place.MethodsSamples were injected onto the HPLC system via either a Valco C14W.1 internal sample injector or a Rheodyne 7125 injector, both with dissimilar Vespel rotor seals, and linked to a quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. Alternatively, samples were infused directly into the mass spectrometer via a syringe‐driver. Electrospray ionisation in positive mode was used in both cases.ResultsExperiments demonstrated significant differential adsorption of the analyte (RAC inhibitor, NSC23766) and its tri‐deuterated internal standard onto the Vespel rotor seal, with the latter seeming to be preferentially adsorbed. The deuterated analogue also showed lower electrospray sensitivity, as demonstrated by syringe infusion of a mixture of the compounds, compared with their separate infusion at the same concentration.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated the problem of differential adsorption onto HPLC Vespel rotor seals, and that the use of a stable‐isotope‐labelled analogue as internal standard does not guarantee the constancy of the analyte/internal response ratio in quantitative methods. The partial solution was to work at much higher concentration where adsorption, whilst still apparent, was relatively insignificant.
Total oesophago‐gastric dissociation in neurologically impaired children: Laparoscopic vs robotic approach
Authors: Mattioli Girolamo , Wong Michela C.Y. , Angotti Rossella , Mazzola Cinzia , Arrigo Serena , Gandullia Paolo , Mancardi Margherita , Fusi Giulia , Messina Mario , Zanaboni Clelia , Razore Barbara , Barabino Arrigo , Molinaro Francesco 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate and compare the feasibility and short‐term results of laparoscopic and robotic total oesophago‐gastric dissociation (TOGD) with a Roux‐en‐Y oesophago‐jejunostomy. Minimal invasive surgery has multiple advantages in neurologically impaired patients. Robotic approach has overcome disadvantages linked to laparoscopy, in particular, referring to the surgeon fatigue.MethodsA retrospective study comparing five laparoscopic and five robotic TOGD was conducted between February and October 2016 in Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital and Section of Pediatric Surgery of Siena. Neurologically impaired children scheduled for TOGD were included. Age, sex, weight, symptomatology, presence of epilepsy, and preoperative X‐ray contrast were considered. Operative time, hospital stay, postoperative complications, redo surgery, nutrition rehabilitation, and X‐ray contrast study after 5 days and after 1 month from the intervention were recorded.ResultsIn our series, there were no intraoperative complications, no conversions to open surgery, and no vagal lesions. In two of five robotic cases, a pyloroplasty was necessary. The median operative time was statistically longer in the robotic group. One dehiscence in the robotic group was recorded, and no dumping episodes occurred. No statistical differences in terms of complications were detected.ConclusionTOGD is feasible both with laparoscopic and robotic‐assisted surgery with similar results. Robotic approach is considered feasible. At the same time, high laparoscopic skills allow to reach the same results as robotic approach with shorter operative time.
Stay with the flow: How macroinvertebrate communities recover during the rewetting phase in Alpine streams affected by an exceptional drought
Authors: Doretto Alberto , Bona Francesca , Falasco Elisa , Morandini Daniele , Piano Elena , Fenoglio Stefano 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDroughts are affecting an increasing number of lotic ecosystems worldwide due to the combined effects of climatic and anthropogenic pressures. Unlike naturally intermittent rivers, where the drying phase is a part of the annual flow regime, water scarcity in Alpine rivers represents a relatively recent phenomenon and, therefore, a major threat for the biodiversity of these lotic ecosystems. However, Alpine stream community response to drought is still poorly investigated. Here, we assess the recovery of macroinvertebrates in two Alpine streams after a supraseasonal drought. As water returned, a total of 10 sampling sessions were carried out, and temporal patterns in diversity, density, and taxonomic composition of benthic communities, as well as in the percentage of functional feeding groups, were investigated.We found that the resistance of invertebrate communities in Alpine streams is generally low: drought markedly reduced the diversity and density of macroinvertebrates. Conversely, our results suggest that the passive dispersal by drift from the upstream river sections seems the most probable mechanism promoting the post‐drought recovery. Nevertheless, this resilience ability appears to be stream specific and influenced by intrinsic stream characteristics, including the flow permanence and distance from the nearest upstream perennial reach. This work sheds light on the ecological consequences of droughts on macroinvertebrate communities. As flow intermittency in Alpine areas is expected to intensify under current global change scenarios, results of this study provide important information to predict changes in the taxonomic composition and diversity of macroinvertebrate communities.
Research on hierarchical architecture and routing of satellite constellation with IGSO‐GEO‐MEO network
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhu Yi‐fan , Li Yao‐yu , Li Qun , Yu Qin‐Zhang 
Published: December 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a three‐layered medium Earth orbit (MEO), geostationary Earth orbit (GEO), and inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellite network (IGMSN) is presented. Based on the idea of time‐slot division, a novel dynamic hierarchical and distributed QoS (quality of service) routing protocol (HDRP) is investigated, and an adaptive bandwidth‐constrained minimum‐delay path for IGSO/GEO/MEO hierarchical architecture constellation (BMDP‐HAC) algorithm is developed to calculate routing tables efficiently using the QoS metric information composed of delays and bandwidth. The performance of the IGMSN and HDRP is evaluated through simulations and theoretical analysis. And then, the paper further analyzes the performance of the IGMSN structure and the BMDP‐HAC algorithm with failure satellites.
Helical Pore Alignment on Cylindrical Carbon
Authors: Maruyama Jun , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Watanabe Mitsuru , Kashiwagi Yukiyasu , Maruyama Shohei , Nagaoka Toru , Matsuda Wakana , Tsutsui Yusuke , Seki Shu , Uyama Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInterest in chiral substances has mainly focused on the substances themselves, but not on the accompanying space, especially regarding the pore alignment. As a method to form both the chiral substance and the accompanying space, cylindrical self‐assembly of uniform polystyrene nanoparticles with fructose is carried out in the presence of both carbon and sodium alginate, which is followed by heat treatment in an inert atmosphere. The carbonization generates fructose‐derived honeycomb‐like carbon walls with helically aligned nanopores left after the polystyrene decomposition. The diffuse reflectance circular dichroism measurements give peaks with opposite signs for the d‐ and l‐fructose‐derived cylindrical carbons. Circularly polarized light sensitivity in transient photoconductivity is confirmed apparently in the carbon‐based helical structures. This sensitivity as well as straightforward formation of composites with another component to give helicity shows potential applications of the helically aligned pores.
A machine learning approach for classification of equivalent mutants
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Rashid , Lin Tao , Naeem Hamad , Liu Hailu 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMutation testing is a fault‐based technique to test the quality of test suites by inducing artificial syntactic faults or mutants in a source program. However, some mutants have the same semantics as original program and cannot be detected by any test suite input known as equivalent mutants. Equivalent mutant problem (EMP) is undecidable as it requires manual human effort to identify a mutant as equivalent or killable. The constraint‐based testing (CBT) theory suggests the use of mathematical constraints which can help reveal some equivalent mutants using mutant features. In this paper, we consider three metrics of CBT theory, ie, reachability, necessity, and sufficiency to extract feature constraints from mutant programs. Constraints are extracted using program dependency graphs. Other features such as degree of significance, semantic distance, and information entropy of mutants are also extracted to build a binary classification model. Machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, GBT, and SVM are applied under two application scenarios (split‐project and cross‐project) on ten Java programs to predict equivalent mutants. The analysis of the study demonstrates that that the proposed techniques not only improves the efficiency of the equivalent mutant detection but also reduces the effort required to perform it with small accuracy loss.
Security assessment of data management systems for cyber physical system applications
Authors: Chaudhry Natalia , Yousaf Muhammad Murtaza , Khan Muhammad Taimoor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCyber physical system (CPS) applications are widely used to control critical infrastructure of various application domains, eg, medical health care, energy, and power, to name a few. Such applications usually take input data from sensors, estimate current state of the system, and then based on the estimation, make critical decisions to control the underlying infrastructure automatically. Therefore, security and integrity of the (system state) data are critically important to ensure safe operations of CPS. In this paper, we present a review of security of various data management systems used in CPS. Since CPS are composed of systems of (sub)systems that generate a huge amount of data (ie, periodical sensor input data), therefore, recently, NoSQL and NewSQL data management systems have emerged as popular data management systems to support efficient and scalable analysis of unstructured data. Unfortunately, these systems were not initially build for data security and thus are vulnerable to numerous security attacks. Considering flexible data model and efficient access methods in NoSQL and NewSQL, we discuss the security attacks on such data management systems and their corresponding solutions to mitigate them. In particular, we analyze the system and data security of popular NoSQL and NewSQL systems. To analyze that, we defined feature vectors for system and data security and compared the data systems against them. Finally, we propose security solutions for data management systems by identifying various security vulnerabilities in internal security algorithms of such systems.
Distributed automated manufacturing of pluripotent stem cell products
Authors: Shariatzadeh Maryam , Chandra Amit , Wilson Samantha L , McCall Mark J , Morizur Lise , Lesueur Léa , Chose Olivier , Gepp Michael M. , Schulz André , Neubauer Julia C. , Zimmermann Heiko , Abranches Elsa , Man Jennifer , O’Shea Orla , Stacey Glyn , Hewitt Zoe , Williams David J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEstablishing how to effectively manufacture cell therapies is an industry-level problem. Decentralised manufacturing is of increasing importance, and its challenges are recognised by healthcare regulators with deviations and comparability issues receiving specific attention from them. This paper is the first to report the deviations and other risks encountered when implementing the expansion of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in an automated three international site–decentralised manufacturing setting. An experimental demonstrator project expanded a human embryonal carcinoma cell line (2102Ep) at three development sites in France, Germany and the UK using the CompacT SelecT (Sartorius Stedim, Royston, UK) automated cell culture platform. Anticipated variations between sites spanned material input, features of the process itself and production system details including different quality management systems and personnel. Where possible, these were pre-addressed by implementing strategies including standardisation, cell bank mycoplasma testing and specific engineering and process improvements. However, despite such measures, unexpected deviations occurred between sites including software incompatibility and machine/process errors together with uncharacteristic contaminations. Many only became apparent during process proving or during the process run. Further, parameters including growth rate and viability discrepancies could only be determined post-run, preventing ‘live’ corrective measures. The work confirms the critical nature of approaches usually taken in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) manufacturing settings and especially emphasises the requirement for monitoring steps to be included within the production system. Real-time process monitoring coupled with carefully structured quality systems is essential for multiple site working including clarity of decision-making roles. Additionally, an over-reliance upon post-process visual microscopic comparisons has major limitations; it is difficult for non-experts to detect deleterious culture changes and such detection is slow.
Improved method for analyzing cohesive strength development of pMDI
Authors: Solt Pia , Libowitzky Simon , van Herwijnen Hendrikus W. G. , Konnerth Johannes 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnalyzing the development of cohesive strength of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) with the help of the small-scale test method proposed in the standard (ASTM-D7998-15) is rarely used, as resulting lap-shear strength values are lacking in informative value. Up to now, the gained strength values have been dramatically below the ones typically achieved with most standard wood adhesives, while the performance in a panel product is at least of equal quality. In order to address this discrepancy and to fill the gap of the lacking method to properly investigate curing behavior of pMDI adhesives, a modification of the specimen geometry for pMDI adhesive analysis is proposed, resulting in meaningful tensile shear strength values also when using pMDI as adhesive. Applying this modified specimen geometry enables investigating relevant processing parameters, such as the effect of press time, press temperature and wood moisture content on the tensile shear strength development using pMDI. The strength development was found to be positively affected by all three factors significantly. Furthermore, the calculated reactivity index showed a decrease in activation energy of 20% with increasing wood moisture content. Based on the results gained, it can be concluded that both, wood moisture and temperature, are crucial factors to accelerate curing of pMDI. Even so the principle influence of the exemplary selected parameters has already been shown earlier, the new methodology opens up new possibilities in investigating the curing behavior of pMDI.