bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic Factors in Dysthymia and D[C]D
Authors: Rathi Megha , Bhattacharya Bidita 
Published: December 2020

Context : Social factors related to an individual play a key role in the development of any mental illness. Dysthymia and Dissociative [Conversion] Disorder are two important psychiatric disorders precipitated by stressful social factors and life events. Prior research has indicated significant stressors associated with both the disorders, but, however, there is a lack of comparative studies assessing the two disorders.Aims : This study aims to explore the significant differences in socio-demographic factors among adults with Dysthymia, Dissociative [Conversion] Disorder and a group matched control group.Setting and design : The comparative study included 60 individuals aged 18-45 years. 20 individuals had Dysthymia, 20 individuals had Dissociative [Conversion] Disorder and 20 individuals were belonging to normal control group. Semi structured clinical data sheet was administered to each subject to elicit the social factors. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, General Health Questionnaire and M.I.N.I International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview was usedas a screening tool. All subjects were included in the study after obtaining their consent.Statistics : Chi-Square was done to see significant difference in socio-demographic variables. Result & Discussion : Results indicated significant difference within the three groups in terms of area, family type and marital status. Majority of patients with Conversion disorder belonged to rural area, were married and had extended families. Whereas, patients with Dysthymia mostly belonged to urban area, were unmarried or divorced and belonged to nuclear family.Conclusion : The results of the study are significant and can be used for planning intervention programs for both the groups.
Keywords : Dysthymia, Dissociative [Conversion] Disorder, Socio-demographic factors
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Acute Intermittent Porphyria – A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Sen Aratrika , Bandyopadhyay Tamoghna , Bhattacharyya Ranjan 
Published: December 2020

Porphyrias are a group of inherited or acquired disorders of certain enzymes in the heme bio-synthetic pathway (also called porphyrin pathway). They are broadly classified as acute (hepatic) porphyrias and cutaneous (erythropoietic) porphyrias, based on the site of the overproduction and accumulation of the porphyrins or their chemical precursors. They manifest with either neuropsychiatric complications or skin problems or occasionally both. A clinically induced and histologically identical condition is called pseudo porphyria which is characterized by normal serum and urine porphyrin levels.
Stigma, COVID-19 and mental health: where do we stand?
Authors: Chatterjee Seshadri Sekar , Vora Mansi , Malathesh Barikar C , Mukherjee Abir 
Published: December 2020

As the world grapples with the Covid-19 pandemic, along with the obvious health challenges, imposed restrictions and associated economic consequences, the socio-cultural aspects need to be addressed too. Though it is true that increased awareness is essential, to endure the pandemic, it is coming with other unacceptable consequences, as well. Stigma is one of them.
Dismorfia Muscular e Uso de Esteroides Androgénios‑Anabolizantes: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Correia Susana Amaral , Coentre Ricardo 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: A dismorfia muscular (DM) é um subtipo de perturbação dismórfica corporal, que ocorre em indivíduos que, apesar de apresentarem um físico muscularmente desenvolvido, se consideram magros e fracos. Presentemente, supõe‑se que o uso de esteroides androgénios‑anabolizantes (EAAs) poderá ser um fator perpetuante desta perturbação, mas também que a DM poderá predispor ao uso de EAAs, fármacos utilizados frequentemente pelos seus efeitos na composição corporal, nomeadamente o aumento de massa muscular, mas com efeitos secundários vastos. Esta revisão sistemática pretendeu explorar a atual evidência acerca da associação entre a DM e o uso de EAAs.
Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura mais recente, com inclusão de artigos publicados entre junho 2009 e janeiro 2019.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 12 artigos, sendo que a maioria dos estudos estabeleceram uma associação entre as duas variáveis estudadas, sendo que os resultados oscilaram entre a ausência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas e uma forte associação, sendo o último o que mais frequentemente se encontrou.
Conclusão: A evidência existente da associação entre a DM e o uso de EAAS é ainda pouco consistente, podendo dever‑se à heterogeneidade das ferramentas utilizadas para comparação das mesmas variáveis. Assim, é importante que se estabeleça um modelo ótimo de recolha de informação mais sensível, e que se estabeleçam escalas de avaliação de DM melhor validadas, para que a recolha de dados e a sua análise possam ser as mais corretas possíveis.
Feasibility of automated planning for whole‐brain radiation therapy using deep learning
Authors: Yu Jesang , Goh Youngmoon , Song Kye Jin , Kwak Jungwon , Cho Byungchul , Kim Su San , Lee Sang‐wook , Choi Eun Kyung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop automated planning for whole‐brain radiation therapy (WBRT) using a U‐net‐based deep‐learning model for predicting the multileaf collimator (MLC) shape bypassing the contouring processes.MethodsA dataset of 55 cases, including 40 training sets, five validation sets, and 10 test sets, was used to predict the static MLC shape. The digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) reconstructed from planning CT images as an input layer and the MLC shape as an output layer are connected one‐to‐one via the U‐net modeling. The Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used as the loss function in the training and ninefold cross‐validation. Dose‐volume‐histogram (DVH) curves were constructed for assessing the automatic MLC shaping performance. Deep‐learning (DL) and manually optimized (MO) approaches were compared based on the DVH curves and dose distributions.ResultsThe ninefold cross‐validation ensemble test results were consistent with DSC values of 94.6 ± 0.4 and 94.7 ± 0.9 in training and validation learnings, respectively. The dose coverages of 95% target volume were (98.0 ± 0.7)% and (98.3 ± 0.8)%, and the maximum doses for the lens as critical organ‐at‐risk were 2.9 Gy and 3.9 Gy for DL and MO, respectively. The DL technique shows the consistent results in terms of the DVH parameter except for MLC shaping prediction for dose saving of small organs such as lens.ConclusionsComparable with the MO plan result, the WBRT plan quality obtained using the DL approach is clinically acceptable. Moreover, the DL approach enables WBRT auto‐planning without the time‐consuming manual MLC shaping and target contouring.
Biocultural approaches to transgender and gender diverse experience and health: Integrating biomarkers and advancing gender/sex research
Authors: DuBois L. Zachary , Gibb James K. , Juster Robert‐Paul , Powers Sally I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are increasingly visible in U.S. communities and in national media. With this increased visibility, access to gender affirming healthcare is also on the rise, particularly for urban youth. Political backlash and entrenchment in a gender binary, however, continue to marginalize TGD people, increasing risk for health disparities. The 2016 National Institute of Health recognition of sexual and gender minority people as a health disparities population increases available funding for much‐needed research. In this article, we speak to the need for a biocultural human biology of gender/sex diversity by delineating factors that influence physiological functioning, mental health, and physical health of TGD people. We propose that many of these factors can best be investigated with minimally invasively collected biomarker samples (MICBS) and discuss how to integrate MICBS into research inclusive of TGD people. Research use of MICBS among TGD people remains limited, and wider use could enable essential biological and health data to be collected from a population often excluded from research. We provide a broad overview of terminology and current literature, point to key research questions, and address potential challenges researchers might face when aiming to integrate MCIBS in research inclusive of transgender and gender diverse people. We argue that, when used effectively, MICBS can enhance human biologists' ability to empirically measure physiology and health‐related outcomes and enable more accurate identification of pathways linking human experience, embodiment, and health.
Chemically Fueled Volume Phase Transition of Polyacid Microgels
Authors: Heckel Jonas , Loescher Sebastian , Mathers Robert T. , Walther Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicrogels are soft colloids that show responsive behavior and are easy to functionalize for applications. They are considered key components for future smart colloidal material systems. However, so far microgel systems have almost exclusively been studied in classical responsive switching settings using external triggers, while internally organized, autonomous control mechanisms as found in supramolecular chemistry and DNA nanotechnology relying on fuel‐driven out‐of‐equilibrium concepts have not been implemented into microgel systems. Here, we introduce chemically fueled transient volume phase transitions (VPTs) for poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) microgels, where the collapsed hydrophobic state can be programmed using the fuel concentration in a cyclic reaction network. We discuss details of the system behavior as a function of pH and fuel amount, unravel kinetically trapped regions and showcase transient encapsulation and time‐programmed release as a first application.
Singulett‐Kontrast‐Magnetresonanztomographie: Freisetzung der Hyperpolarisation durch den Metabolismus**
Authors: Eills J. , Cavallari E. , Kircher R. , Di Matteo G. , Carrera C. , Dagys L. , Levitt M. H. , Ivanov K. L. , Aime S. , Reineri F. , Münnemann K. , Budker D. , Buntkowsky G. , Knecht S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHyperpolarisationsverstärkte Magnetresonanztomographie kann zur Untersuchung biomolekularer Prozesse im Körper verwendet werden, erfordert aber die Verwendung von Hetero‐Kernen wie 13C, 15N oder 129Xe. Hier stellen wir eine neue Art der Hyperpolarisierten Protonen Bildgebung vor, bei der die hyperpolarisierte Spinordnung in einem nicht magnetischen und langlebigen korrelierten (Singulett‐) Zustand eingeschlossen ist und nur durch eine spezifische biochemische Reaktion für die Bildgebung freigesetzt wird. In dieser Arbeit erzeugen wir hyperpolarisiertes Fumarat durch chemische Reaktion eines Eduktes mit para‐angereichertem Wasserstoffgas. Der Singulettzustand der Fumarat Protonen wird als Antiphasen‐NMR‐Signale durch enzymatische Umwandlung zu Malat in D2O freigesetzt. Anhand dieses Modellsystems zeigen wir zwei Pulssequenzen, um die NMR‐Signale für die Bildgebung zu rephasieren und die Hintergrundsignale von Wasser zu unterdrücken. Die hier vorgestellte hyperpolarisationsverstärkte Protonen Bildgebungstechnik ermöglicht eine hyperpolarisierte Bildgebung, ohne dass hierfür Hetero‐Kerne mit ihrer niedrigen natürlichen Häufigkeit und geringen Empfindlichkeit benötigt werden.
Nanoscale Amperometry Reveals that Only a Fraction of Vesicular Serotonin Content is Released During Exocytosis from Beta Cells
Authors: Hatamie Amir , Ren Lin , Dou Haiqiang , Gandasi Nikhil R. , Rorsman Patrik , Ewing Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent work has shown that chemical release during the fundamental cellular process of exocytosis in model cell lines is not all‐or‐none. We tested this theory for vesicular release from single pancreatic beta cells. The vesicles in these cells release insulin, but also serotonin, which is detectible with amperometric methods. Traditionally, it is assumed that exocytosis in beta cells is all‐or‐none. Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach involving nanoscale amperometric chemical methods to explore the chemical nature of insulin exocytosis. We amperometrically quantified the number of serotonin molecules stored inside of individual nanoscale vesicles (39 317±1611) in the cell cytoplasm before exocytosis and the number of serotonin molecules released from single cells (13 310±1127) for each stimulated exocytosis event. Thus, beta cells release only one‐third of their granule content, clearly supporting partial release in this system. We discuss these observations in the context of type‐2 diabetes.
Novel high‐strength montmorillonite/polyvinyl alcohol composite film enhanced by chitin nanowhiskers
Authors: Wu Yule , Guan Ying , Gao Hui , Zhou Liang , Peng Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNanomaterials can be used as reinforcement phase to improve the performance of polymers. A simple method to prepare a composite film with super high tensile strength was used in this study. The properties of montmorillonite (MMT)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films reinforced by chitin nanowhisker (CNW) have been evaluated. The structures and properties of films were analyzed by atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tensile testing. The results of FTIR and XRD showed that no chemical interaction occurred among MMT, PVA, and CNW. The SEM and AFM images suggested that the obtained composite films with the three substances had a relatively uniform layered structure and relatively smooth. The temperature at the onset of decomposition of the composite films was increased from 262.0 to 282.3°C by the addition of CNW. The tensile strength of the MMT/PVA/CNW film was reached 263.5 MPa, which was increased approximately 382% compared with the MMT/PVA film. According to these results, the composite film could be potentially used in packaging materials.
Photoluminescence performance of green light emitting terbium (III) complexes with β‐hydroxy ketone and nitrogen donor ancillary ligands
Authors: Khanagwal Jyoti , Kumar Rajesh , Devi Rekha , Bala Manju , Sehrawat Priyanka , Khatkar S. P. , Taxak V. B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn efficient and cost‐effective technique, solution precipitation approach is adopted to synthesize five bright green luminescent terbium (III) complexes by employing the main β‐hydroxy ketone ligand, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐ethoxyacetophenone, and ancillary ligands like bathophenanthroline, 5,6‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline, 1,10‐phenanthroline, and 2,2‐bipyridyl. The elemental compositions and binding mode of ligand to terbium (III) ion can be validated by using energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The complexes are thermally stable up to 158°C and possess the cubic shaped particles as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopic study, respectively. The band‐gap energy (3.02–2.92 eV) of complexes is reckoned through diffuse reflectance spectra, which tailors them as potential candidates in the field of military radars. The photoluminescence studies unveil that the complexes exhibit the bright green luminescence corresponding to 5D4 → 7F5 transition of Tb3+ ion (548 nm) under the excitation wavelength of 395 or 397 nm. The Commission International de I’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates (x, y) and color purity substantiates the green emission of complexes. The energy transfer mechanism elucidates that the main ligand and ancillary ligands sensitize Tb3+ ion, which in turn enhances the luminescence efficiency of the emissive layer of white organic light emitting diodes. The results reveal that the complexes are considered as good contenders in the field of display devices and laser technology. Lastly, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activity proclaim the potent antimicrobial and antioxidant actions of complexes via tube dilution and 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl assays, respectively.
Novel spectrofluorimetric technique for determination of amoxicillin and ethopabate in chicken tissues, liver, kidney, eggs, and feed premix
Authors: Barghash Sona , Elmansi Heba , Abd El‐Razeq Sawsan , Belal Fathalla 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA new smart spectrofluorometric method was developed for the quantitation of amoxicillin and ethopabate simultaneously for the first time. The method is based on measuring their first derivative synchronous amplitudes in water at Δλ = 80 nm. The peak amplitudes were recorded at their crossing points; 240 nm for amoxicillin and 280 nm for ethopabate. The method is linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–1,000.0 ng/ml for amoxicillin and 2.0–20.0 ng/ml for ethopabate. The limits of detection were 20.0 ng/ml and 0.58 ng/ml and limits of quantitation were 60.0 ng/ml and 1.92 ng/ml for amoxicillin and ethopabate, respectively. The method sensitivity permitted the determination of the two drugs below their maximum residue limit stated by the federal regulations. The developed method was applicable to the analysis of both drugs in the veterinary powders, feed premix, chicken tissues, liver, kidney, and eggs samples with percentage recoveries ranging 93.72–104.71%.
The impact of FLT3 mutation clearance and treatment response after gilteritinib therapy on overall survival in patients with FLT3 mutation–positive relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Altman Jessica K. , Perl Alexander E. , Hill Jason E. , Rosales Matt , Bahceci Erkut , Levis Mark J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib has clinical activity in patients with FLT3‐mutated (FLT3mut+) relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The impact of FLT3 mutation clearance and the achievement of composite complete remission (CRc) and complete remission/complete remission with partial hematologic recovery (CR/CRh) on overall survival (OS) in patients with FLT3mut+ R/R AML treated with single‐agent gilteritinib in a phase 1/2 trial were evaluated. Using next‐generation sequencing, a FLT3‐ITD variant allele frequency of ≤10−4 was used to define FLT3‐ITD clearance in patients with no morphologic leukemia (ie, CRc). A total of 108 patients with FLT3‐ITD‐positive (FLT3‐ITD+) R/R AML were analyzed; 95 of these patients had received ≥80‐mg/day gilteritinib. Ten of the 95 patients had FLT3‐ITD clearance; eight of these 10 patients achieved CRc and were considered negative for measurable residual disease. There was a trend toward longer OS in patients who attained CRc with FLT3‐ITD clearance (131.4 weeks) versus those who achieved CRc and did not have FLT3‐ITD clearance (n = 41; 43.3 weeks; HR = 0.416; p = 0.066). Among patients treated with ≥80‐mg/day gilteritinib who achieved CR/CRh (n = 24), seven had FLT3‐ITD clearance. Among patients who received 120‐mg/day gilteritinib, those who achieved CR/CRh had a longer median OS (70.6 weeks) and higher 52‐week survival probability (66.7%) than patients who did not achieve CR/CRh (n = 71; median OS, 41.7 weeks; 52‐week survival probability, 20.2%). Overall, these data suggest that gilteritinib can induce deep molecular responses in patients with FLT3‐ITD+ R/R AML, and in the setting of CRc or CR/CRh, these responses may be associated with prolonged survival.
Fermented and nonfermented soy foods and the risk of breast cancer in a Japanese population‐based cohort study
Authors: Shirabe Ritsuko , Saito Eiko , Sawada Norie , Ishihara Junko , Takachi Ribeka , Abe Sarah Krull , Shimazu Taichi , Yamaji Taiki , Goto Atsushi , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   JPHC Study Group
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough preclinical studies suggest that fermented soy foods may have a protective effect against breast cancer, no prospective cohort studies have examined this association.ObjectiveOur study examined the association between fermented and nonfermented soy food intake and breast cancer risk using a population‐based prospective cohort study in Japan.MethodsWe included a total of 47,614 women aged 45–74 years in an analysis of the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study (JPHC Study). A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for the assessment of dietary intake. Breast cancer incidence was analyzed by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsDuring an average of 15.5 years of follow‐up, 825 breast cancer cases were newly identified. We found no association of intake of soy foods with breast cancer risk, regardless of fermentation, with multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest quartiles of fermented and nonfermented soy food intake of 0.94 (0.67, 1.32) and 1.15 (0.85, 1.57) compared with the lowest quartile (p for trend = 0.305 and 0.393). Unlike nonfermented soy, higher intake of fermented soy foods was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of nonlocalized breast cancer. The HR and 95% CI in the highest compared to lowest intake category of fermented soy foods was 0.53 (0.28, 0.99) versus nonfermented soy foods 0.85 (0.51, 1.42) (p for trend = 0.026 and 0.797).ConclusionsOur analyses showed that fermented soy foods had no association with overall breast cancer but may be associated with decreased risk of nonlocalized breast cancer.
Addition of levosimendan to overcome acute cardiogenic shock—Paving the way for later heart transplantation—A first case report
Authors: Flottmann Christian , Dumitrescu Daniel , Sohns Christian , Rudolph Volker , Fox Henrik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTreatment of refractory cardiogenic shock has poor outcome. Levosimendan addition may help to achieve hemodynamic stabilization and improve conditions to where further treatment options such as listing for heart transplantation may become possible.
Small Molecular Fluorescent Probes for Imaging of Viscosity in Living Biosystems
Authors: Xiao Haibin , Li Ping , Tang Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractViscosity, as a vital microenvironment parameter, is tightly associated with multitudinous cellular processes and diseases. Recently, precise visualization of viscosity has started to arouse more and more interest. However, owing to the complicated character, it is still a huge challenge to directly observe viscosity in living systems. In this regard, mounting fluorescence probes are being increasingly fabricated to map viscosity inside live cells and small animals. In this minireview, the viscosity‐sensitive small molecular fluorescent probes used in bioimaging are comprehensively summarized, mainly focusing on the last three years. Moreover, the current challenges and opportunities for the development of viscosity‐specific fluorescent probes will be discussed.