bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of AprX from Pseudomonas paralactis for the improvement of the emulsifying properties of milk, plant and insect protein and estimation of their hydrolysate’s bitter potential
Authors: Volk Veronika , Ewert Jacob , Longhi Miriam , Stressler Timo , Fischer Lutz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProtein properties can be modified by selective enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the alkaline metalloendopeptidase AprX (Serralysin; EC 3.4.24.40) from Pseudomonas paralactis was used for the tailored hydrolysis of different food proteins resulting in the production of protein hydrolysates with improved emulsifying properties. Sodium caseinate, wheat gluten and buffalo worm protein were used for AprX hydrolysis at 40 °C and pH 8 to cover a spectrum of different protein sources. A maximum degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 13.1 ± 0.2%, 14.2 ± 0.1% and 20.7 ± 0.1% was reached for sodium caseinate, wheat gluten and the worm protein, respectively. The corresponding hydrolysate properties were analyzed regarding their particle size, peptide composition, solubility, viscosity, surface hydrophobicity and interfacial tension. The emulsifying properties were investigated by the oil-droplet size, ζ-potential and stability of emulsions prepared from the hydrolysates. Using partially hydrolyzed sodium caseinate (DH = 10.6%) as an emulsifier lead to an eightfold increase of the emulsion stability (t1/2 = 180 ± 0 min) compared to unhydrolyzed sodium caseinate. The emulsion stability using wheat gluten hydrolysates (DH = 11.9%) was increased 30-fold (t1/2 = 45 ± 5 min). Simultaneously, the solubility of gluten was increased by 60%. Buffalo worm hydrolysates (DH = 14.6%) had a twofold (t1/2 = 85 ± 5 min) increased emulsion stability. In conclusion, AprX can be used to improve the solubility and emulsifying properties of food proteins at a relatively high DH.
Symplectic Cuts and Open/Closed Strings I
Authors: Cassia Luca , Longhi Pietro , Zabzine Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a concrete relation between genus zero closed Gromov–Witten invariants of Calabi–Yau threefolds and genus zero open Gromov–Witten invariants of a Lagrangian A-brane in the same threefold. Symplectic cutting is a natural operation that decomposes a symplectic manifold

$$(X,\omega )$$

(
X
,
ω
)

with a Hamiltonian U(1) action into two pieces glued along an invariant divisor. In this paper we study a quantum uplift of the cut construction defined in terms of equivariant gauged linear sigma models. The nexus between closed and open Gromov–Witten invariants is a quantum Lebesgue measure associated to a choice of cut, that we introduce and study. Integration of this measure recovers the equivariant quantum volume of the whole CY3, thereby encoding closed Gromov–Witten invariants. Conversely, the monodromies of the quantum measure around cycles in Kähler moduli space encode open Gromov–Witten invariants of a Lagrangian A-brane associated to the cut. Both in the closed and the open string sector we find a remarkable interplay between worldsheet instantons and semiclassical volumes regularized by equivariance. This leads to equivariant generating functions of GW invariants that extend smoothly across the entire moduli space, and which provide a unifying description of standard GW potentials. The latter are recovered in the non-equivariant limit in each of the different phases of the geometry.
Remarks on Mod-2 Elliptic Genus
Authors: Tachikawa Yuji , Yamashita Mayuko , Yonekura Kazuya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

For physicists: For supersymmetric quantum mechanics, there are cases when a mod-2 Witten index can be defined, even when a more ordinary

$$\mathbb {Z}$$

Z

-valued Witten index vanishes. Similarly, for 2d supersymmetric quantum field theories, there are cases when a mod-2 elliptic genus can be defined, even when a more ordinary elliptic genus vanishes. We study such mod-2 elliptic genera in the context of

$$\mathcal {N}{=}(0,1)$$

N
=
(
0
,
1
)

supersymmetry, and show that they are characterized by mod-2 reductions of integral modular forms, under some assumptions. For mathematicians: We study the image of the standard homomorphism

$$\begin{aligned} \pi _n\textrm{TMF}\rightarrow \pi _n\textrm{KO}((q))\simeq \mathbb {Z}/2((q)) \end{aligned}$$

π
n

TMF
→

π
n

KO

(

(
q
)

)

≃
Z
/
2

(

(
q
)

)

for

$$n=8k+1$$

n
=
8
k
+
1

or

$$8k+2$$

8
k
+
2

, by relating them to the mod-2 reductions of integral modular forms.
Model-based conceptualization of thyroid hormone equilibrium via set point and stability behavior
Authors: Modiz Corinna , Körner Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The HPT complex, consisting of the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, functions as a regulated system controlled by the respective hormones. This system maintains an intrinsic equilibrium, called the set point, which is unique to each individual. In order to optimize the treatment of thyroid patients and understand the dynamics of the system, a validated theoretical representation of this set point is required. Therefore, the research field of mathematical modeling of the HPT complex is significant as it provides insights into the interactions between hormones and the determination of this endogenous equilibrium. In literature, two mathematical approaches are presented for the theoretical determination of the set point in addition to a time-dependent model. The two approaches are based on the maximum curvature of the pituitary response function and the optimal gain factor in the representation of the HPT complex as a closed feedback system. This paper demonstrates that all hormone curves described by the model converge to the derived set point with increasing time. This result establishes a clear correlation between the physiological equilibrium described by the set point and the mathematical equilibrium with respect to autonomous systems of differential equations. It thus substantiates the validity of the theoretical set point approaches.
A circumpolar review of the breeding distribution and habitat use of the snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea), the world’s most southerly breeding vertebrate
Authors: Francis Josie , Wakefield Ewan , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Phillips Richard A. , Hodgson Dominic A. , Southwell Colin , Emmerson Louise , Fretwell Peter , Bentley Michael J. , McClymont Erin L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Knowledge of the spatial distribution of many polar seabird species is incomplete due to the remoteness of their breeding locations. Here, we compiled a new database of published and unpublished records of all known snow petrel Pagodroma nivea breeding sites. We quantified local environmental conditions at sites by appending indices of climate and substrate, and regional-scale conditions by appending 30 year mean (1992–2021) sea-ice conditions within accessible foraging areas. Breeding snow petrels are reported at 456 sites across Antarctica and subantarctic islands. Although many counts are old or have large margins of error, population estimates available for 222 known sites totalled a minimum of ~ 77400 breeding pairs. However with so many missing data, the true breeding population will be much higher. Most sites are close to the coast (median = 1.15 km) and research stations (median = 26 km). Median distance to the November sea-ice edge (breeding season sea-ice maximum) is 430 km. Locally, most nests occur in cavities in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Minimum air temperatures occur at inland sites, and maxima at their northern breeding limit. Breeding location and cavity selection is likely determined by availability of suitable breeding substrate within sustainable distance of suitable foraging habitat. Within this range, nest sites may then be selected based on local conditions such as cavity size and aspect. Our database will allow formal analyses of habitat selection and provides a baseline against which to monitor future snow petrel distribution changes in response to climate change.
Analysis of systemic serum vancomycin levels following intraarticular application in primary total joint arthroplasty
Authors: R Stauss , P Savov , GH Seeber , S Brand , M Ettinger , JA Beheshty 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication following primary total joint arthroplasty (TJA). PJI accounts for 15–25% of revision surgeries, therefore it is associated with PJI is associated with substantial patient morbidity and mortality as well as increased healthcare expenditures due to complex treatment strategies.
Recently, intraoperative local application of vancomycin powder is increasingly being used in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA) as an additive strategy for PJI prevention. Whereas local vancomycin concentrations have already been investigated in prior studies, evidence on systemic vancomycin levels and potential adverse drug reactions (ADR) is limited. Purpose of this study was to investigate systemic vancomycin levels following intraarticular application in primary TJA.

Materials and methods
This pilot study is a prospective analysis of patients undergoing primary THA and TKA between April and July 2023. One gram of vancomycin powder was applied to the prosthesis prior to wound closure. Serum vancomycin levels were measured at two standardised time points, 24 and 48 h postoperatively.

Results
In total, 103 patients were included, and the patient collective was further stratified by surgical procedure into a THA subgroup (n = 52) and a TKA subgroup (n = 51). Mean serum vancomycin levels showed a significant group difference at both time points (24 h: p < 0.001; 48 h: p = 0.044) with higher serum vancomycin concentrations in the THA cohort. Mean serum vancomycin levels in THA patients were 1.25 μg/ml (range 0.00–7.00 μg/ml) after 24 h and 0.34 μg/ml (range 0.00–4.80 μg/ml) 48 h postoperatively. In TKA, no systemic vancomycin levels were detected. Vancomycin concentrations did not reach therapeutic levels in any patient. No ADR was detected in the whole study collective.

Conclusion
Following intraarticular administration of vancomycin powder, no systemic vancomycin levels within the therapeutic range were detected, thus it may serve as a safe and cost-effective adjunct to strategies for prevention of PJI.
Pollen specialist bee species are accurately predicted from visitation, occurrence and phylogenetic data
Authors: Smith Colleen , Bachelder Nick , Russell Avery L. , Morales Vanessa , Mosher Abilene R. , Seltmann Katja C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An animal’s diet breadth is a central aspect of its life history, yet the factors determining why some species have narrow dietary breadths (specialists) and others have broad dietary breadths (generalists) remain poorly understood. This challenge is pronounced in herbivorous insects due to incomplete host plant data across many taxa and regions. Here, we develop and validate machine learning models to predict pollen diet breadth in bees, using a bee phylogeny and occurrence data for 682 bee species native to the United States, aiming to better understand key drivers. We found that pollen specialist bees made an average of 72.9% of their visits to host plants and could be predicted with high accuracy (mean 94%). Our models predicted generalist bee species, which made up a minority of the species in our dataset, with lower accuracy (mean 70%). The models tested on spatially and phylogenetically blocked data revealed that the most informative predictors of diet breadth are plant phylogenetic diversity, bee species’ geographic range, and regional abundance. Our findings also confirm that range size is predictive of diet breadth and that both male and female specialist bees mostly visit their host plants. Overall, our results suggest we can use visitation data to predict specialist bee species in regions and for taxonomic groups where diet breadth is unknown, though predicting generalists may be more challenging. These methods can thus enhance our understanding of plant-pollinator interactions, leading to improved conservation outcomes and a better understanding of the pollination services bees provide.
Review of atypical optic neuritis
Authors: Žorić Lepša , Čolak Emina 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOptic neuritis (ON), an inflammatory optic neuropathy, is among the most common causes of visual loss. In its initial clinical appearance, ON may have unilateral or bilateral presentation, and anterior (papillitis) or retrobulbar localization. Traditionally, cases are divided into typical and atypical ON. In the Western hemisphere, most typical cases of optic nerve inflammation are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, ON may also be associated with a series of disorders of known or initially undetected origin. Atypical ON has a somewhat different clinical picture from typical ON, and encompasses neuromyelitis optica spectrum disease (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), idiopathic recurrent neuroretinitis (NR), chronic relapsing inflammatory ON (CRION), ON within systemic autoimmune diseases, paraneoplastic and neuritis during or after infectious diseases or vaccination. The causes should be meticulously worked up, to address the therapeutic and prognostic challenges posed by these conditions. Here, we provide a brief overview of atypical ON, as encountered in our clinical practice, and additionally discuss the possible occurrence of optic neuropathies other than inflammatory and other ocular diseases within these disorders.
Ablative radiofrequency microplasma for lateral dermatochalasis-indications and treatment recommendations
Authors: Nemet Arie Y. , Solomon-Cohen Efrat , Aronovich Anna , Nemet Malachy , Hilewitz Daniel , Nemet Achia , Baruch Kaplan , Akerman Lehavit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To determine in which cases ablative radiofrequency microplasma is preferred for the treatment of lateral dermatochalasis over a surgical approach as well as discussing each method's benefits and limitations. Twenty-one patients underwent 3 interventions of plasma exeresis. Photographic and RCM images were acquired at baseline and 4 weeks after final plasma exeresis. The eyes were categorized into 3 groups based on the dermatochalasis severity (1- mild, 2- moderate, 3- severe). Additionally, a further division was conducted to assess the degree of enhancement observed after the treatment (1- slight improvement, 2- moderate improvement, 3- significant improvement). The classifications and assessments were performed by was graded by two trained dermatologists as blinded observers. A total of 21 eyes with a mean age of 54 years (range45-67 years) and 100% females were included in this study. The severity of dermatochalasis directly affects the clinical improvement (P=0.039) and the higher the severity, the more the improvement (R = -0.62). Noninvasive ablative microplasma may offer safe and effective therapy for upper eyelid dermatochalasis and can even be performed in patients at surgical risk. However, it may be suitable for grades 0 and 1 of DC. For more advanced grades a surgical solution achieves better results for the treatment of dermatochalasis of the upper eyelid.
Emotions shape attitudes towards wolf conservation management in the Italian Alps
Authors: Trebo Sarah , Cary E. , Wartmann F. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Across Europe, wolves are recolonizing former habitats, but frictions between wolves and people remain a challenge. Better understanding of attitudes towards existing management practices is essential to devise wolf management that better considers societal aspects. In this study, we focus on a case study in the Italian Alps, where we conducted a quantitative survey to investigate attitudes towards wolf management. We used multiple regression analysis to determine which factors such as emotions and knowledge or belonging to a particular stakeholder group explained variations in attitudes towards wolf management. We found that almost half of our respondents felt scared about the presence of wolves, and that people who had less factually correct knowledge about wolves were more afraid than people who had better factual knowledge. Farmers reported significantly higher ratings of anger, fear, and frustration than the general population. We found that anger and fascination were significant predictors for attitudes towards management, but that fear, factual knowledge, education level and connectedness to nature were not. Our findings support further stakeholder engagement to take seriously and address the range of emotions of stakeholders that impact public support for wolf management and co-existence in the cultural landscapes of the Italian Alps.
SBAS DInSAR and in situ monitoring of the Šumljak landslide (SW Slovenia) dynamics driven by rainfall and piezometric-level fluctuation
Authors: Debevec Jordanova Galena , Popović Zdenka , Yastika Putu Edi , Shimizu Norikazu , Oštir Krištof , Verbovšek Timotej 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the first attempt at establishing the dynamics of the Šumljak debris slide by using a multidisciplinary approach, including long-term inclinometer and piezometer measurements and a time-series analysis of SAR images for displacement vector estimation. The Šumljak landslide is located in the Rebrnice area, SW Slovenia, where the regional highway Razdrto-Nova Gorica runs through and poses a threat to the highway viaduct’s stability. By combining both ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data, we have estimated 3D displacement vectors for the landslide, providing insights into the usability of the technique for this kind of slow-moving landslides. Furthermore, we have combined and compared the SBAS DInSAR results to the displacements measured by inclinometer to evaluate the rate of displacement of the landslide and the viaduct. The inclinometer measurement results show that the landslide has a single sliding plane between the flysch colluvium and the slope deposits and provide the proof of the enlargement of the sliding area above its main scarp. The displacement vectors are spatially heterogenous, suggesting that different sites have different velocities and slightly different directional vectors. These results partly comply with the InSAR results. We further discussed the estimated vectors of displacement and the possible mechanism of movements. By using the piezometric data, we studied the groundwater level fluctuation in relation to daily rainfall and its influence on the displacements. Our findings show a correlation between the movements and the wet/dry season, indicating that the landslide is driven by rainfall and consequently groundwater level fluctuation. In 2020, the groundwater level rise was smaller than in the years before due to less rainfall, resulting in lower velocity of the landslide (5.5 mm/year) than in 2019 (7 mm/year).
Depressive Symptoms and HIV Viral Suppression: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Bishan , Younger Alitasha , Gallant Mary P. , O’Grady Thomas J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previous research suggests that depression impacts HIV outcomes, including viral suppression. This meta-analysis quantifies the association between depression and HIV viral suppression. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and OVID to identify studies published through 2012 to 2022. The software Rayyan was used to evaluate eligibility of studies, and the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines were used for abstracting data. A random effects meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1. Of the 1911 articles screened, 16 studies were included covering 80,103 participants. The results showed individuals without depression were more likely to achieve HIV viral suppression or undetectable viral load compared to individuals with depression (OR 1.30; 95%CI 1.15, 1.48; I2 = 76%). Subgroup analysis indicated this effect was significant among the general population of people living with HIV (n = 75,353; OR 1.32; 95%CI 1.12, 1.55; I2 = 85%) and cisgender women living with HIV (n = 4553; OR 1.28; 95%CI 1.09, 1.50; I2 = 16%), but not among cisgender men living with HIV (most identified as men who have sex with men) (n = 197; OR 2.13; 95%CI 0.43, 10.61; I2 = 83%). This meta-analysis shows a significant positive association between the absence of depression and achieving HIV viral suppression overall and among the subgroup of cisgender women. Public health interventions for people living with HIV should include strategies to identify and address the depressive symptoms that impact adherence to treatment, increase the risk of psycho-behavioral co-morbidities, and exacerbate social or structural factors impeding viral suppression.
Least angle sparse principal component analysis for ultrahigh dimensional data
Authors: Xie Yifan , Wang Tianhui , Kim Junyoung , Lee Kyungsik , Jeong Myong K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) has been a widely used technique for dimension reduction while retaining essential information. However, the ordinary PCA lacks interpretability, especially when dealing with large scale data. To address this limitation, sparse PCA (SPCA) has emerged as an interpretable variant of ordinary PCA. However, the ordinary SPCA relies on solving a challenging non-convex discrete optimization problem, which maximizes explained variance while constraining the number of non-zero elements in each principal component. In this paper, we propose an innovative least angle SPCA technique to address the computational complexity associated with SPCA, particularly in ultrahigh dimensional data, by sequentially identifying sparse principal components with minimal angles to their corresponding components extracted through ordinary PCA. This sequential identification enables solving the optimization problem in polynomial time, significantly reducing computational challenges. Despite its efficiency gains, our proposed method also preserves the main attributes of SPCA. Through comprehensive experimental results, we demonstrate advantages of our approach as a viable alternative for dealing with the computational difficulties inherent in ordinary SPCA. Notably, our method emerges as an efficient and effective solution for conducting ultrahigh dimensional data analysis, enabling researchers to extract meaningful insights and streamline data interpretation.
Detection of Energetic Low Dimensional Subspaces in Spatio-Temporal Space in Turbulent Pipe Flow
Authors: Shahirpour Amir , Egbers Christoph , Sesterhenn Jörn 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLow dimensional subspaces are extracted out of highly complex turbulent pipe flow at $$Re_{\tau }=181$$

R

e
τ

=
181

using a Characteristic Dynamic Mode Decomposition (CDMD). Having lower degrees of freedom, the subspaces provide a more clear basis to detect events which meet our understanding of large-scale coherent structures. To this end, a temporal sequence of state vectors from direct numerical simulations are rotated in space-time such that persistent dynamical modes on a hyper-surface are found travelling along its normal in space-time, which serves as the new time-like coordinate. The main flow features are captured with a minimal number of modes on a moving frame of reference whose velocity matches that of the most energetic scale. Reconstruction of the candidate modes in physical space gives the low rank model of the flow. The structures living in this subspace have long lifetimes, posses wide range of length-scales and travel at group velocities close to that of the moving frame of reference. The modes within this subspace are highly aligned, but are separated from the remaining modes by larger angles. We are able to capture the essential features of the flow like the spectral energy distribution and Reynolds stresses with a subspace consisting of about 10 modes. The remaining modes are collected in two further subspaces, which distinguish themselves by their axial length scale and degree of isotropy.