bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A checklist for choosing between R packages in ecology and evolution
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. , Braun Jenna , Filazzola Alessandro , Miguel Florencia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

The open source and free programming language R is a phenomenal mechanism to address a multiplicity of challenges in ecology and evolution. It is also a complex ecosystem because of the diversity of solutions available to the analyst.

Packages for R enhance and specialize the capacity to explore both niche data/experiments and more common needs. However, the paradox of choice or how we select between many seemingly similar options can be overwhelming and lead to different potential outcomes.

There is extensive choice in ecology and evolution between packages for both fundamental statistics and for more specialized domain‐level analyses.

Here, we provide a checklist to inform these decisions based on the principles of resilience, need, and integration with scientific workflows for evidence.

It is important to explore choices in any analytical coding environment—not just R—for solutions to challenges in ecology and evolution, and document this process because it advances reproducible science, promotes a deeper understand of the scientific evidence, and ensures that the outcomes are correct, representative, and robust.
Determining the efficacy of camera traps, live capture traps, and detection dogs for locating cryptic small mammal species
Authors: Thomas Morgan L. , Baker Lynn , Beattie James R. , Baker Andrew M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMetal box (e.g., Elliott, Sherman) traps and remote cameras are two of the most commonly employed methods presently used to survey terrestrial mammals. However, their relative efficacy at accurately detecting cryptic small mammals has not been adequately assessed. The present study therefore compared the effectiveness of metal box (Elliott) traps and vertically oriented, close range, white flash camera traps in detecting small mammals occurring in the Scenic Rim of eastern Australia. We also conducted a preliminary survey to determine effectiveness of a conservation detection dog (CDD) for identifying presence of a threatened carnivorous marsupial, Antechinus arktos, in present‐day and historical locations, using camera traps to corroborate detections. 200 Elliott traps and 20 white flash camera traps were set for four deployments per method, across a site where the target small mammals, including A. arktos, are known to occur. Camera traps produced higher detection probabilities than Elliott traps for all four species. Thus, vertically mounted white flash cameras were preferable for detecting the presence of cryptic small mammals in our survey. The CDD, which had been trained to detect A. arktos scat, indicated in total 31 times when deployed in the field survey area, with subsequent camera trap deployments specifically corroborating A. arktos presence at 100% (3) indication locations. Importantly, the dog indicated twice within Border Ranges National Park, where historical (1980s–1990s) specimen‐based records indicate the species was present, but extensive Elliott and camera trapping over the last 5–10 years have resulted in zero A. arktos captures. Camera traps subsequently corroborated A. arktos presence at these sites. This demonstrates that detection dogs can be a highly effective means of locating threatened, cryptic species, especially when traditional methods are unable to detect low‐density mammal populations.
An identification of invariants in life history traits of amphibians and reptiles
Authors: Hallmann Konstantin , Griebeler Eva Maria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile many morphological, physiological, and ecological characteristics of organisms scale with body size, some do not change under size transformation. They are called invariant. A recent study recommended five criteria for identifying invariant traits. These are based on that a trait exhibits a unimodal central tendency and varies over a limited range with body mass (type I), or that it does not vary systematically with body mass (type II). We methodologically improved these criteria and then applied them to life history traits of amphibians, Anura, Caudata (eleven traits), and reptiles (eight traits). The numbers of invariant traits identified by criteria differed across amphibian orders and between amphibians and reptiles. Reproductive output (maximum number of reproductive events per year), incubation time, length of larval period, and metamorphosis size were type I and II invariant across amphibians. In both amphibian orders, reproductive output and metamorphosis size were type I and II invariant. In Anura, incubation time and length of larval period and in Caudata, incubation time were further type II invariant. In reptiles, however, only number of clutches per year was invariant (type II). All these differences could reflect that in reptiles body size and in amphibians, Anura, and Caudata metamorphosis (neotenic species go not through it) and the trend toward independence of egg and larval development from water additionally constrained life history evolution. We further demonstrate that all invariance criteria worked for amphibian and reptilian life history traits, although we corroborated some known and identified new limitations to their application.
Can online search data improve the forecast accuracy of pork price in China?
Authors: Ling Liwen , Zhang Dabin , Chen Shanying , Mugera Amin W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOnline search data provide us with a new perspective for quantifying public concern about animal diseases, which can be regarded as a major external shock to price fluctuations. We propose a modeling framework for pork price forecasting that incorporates online search data with support vector regression model. This novel framework involves three main steps: that is, formulation of the animal diseases composite indexes (ADCIs) based on online search data; forecast with the original ADCIs; and forecast improvement with the decomposed ADCIs. Considering that there are some noises within the online search data, four decomposition techniques are introduced: that is, wavelet decomposition, empirical mode decomposition, ensemble empirical mode decomposition, and singular spectrum analysis. The experimental study confirms the superiority of the proposed framework, which improves both the level and directional prediction accuracy. With the SSA method, the noise within the online search data can be removed and the performance of the optimal model is further enhanced. Owing to the long‐term effect of diseases outbreak on price volatility, these improvements are more prominent in the mid‐ and long‐term forecast horizons.
On long memory origins and forecast horizons
Authors: Vera‐Valdés J. Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMost long memory forecasting studies assume that long memory is generated by the fractional difference operator. We argue that the most cited theoretical arguments for the presence of long memory do not imply the fractional difference operator and assess the performance of the autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model when forecasting series with long memory generated by nonfractional models. We find that ARFIMA models dominate in forecast performance regardless of the long memory generating mechanism and forecast horizon. Nonetheless, forecasting uncertainty at the shortest forecast horizon could make short memory models provide suitable forecast performance, particularly for smaller degrees of memory. Additionally, we analyze the forecasting performance of the heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) model, which imposes restrictions on high‐order AR models. We find that the structure imposed by the HAR model produces better short and medium horizon forecasts than unconstrained AR models of the same order. Our results have implications for, among others, climate econometrics and financial econometrics models dealing with long memory series at different forecast horizons.
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus using artificial neural network and classification and regression tree optimized with genetic algorithm
Authors: Pekel Özmen Ebru , Özcan Tuncay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most important public health problems affecting millions of people worldwide. An early and accurate diagnosis of diabetes mellitus has critical importance for the medical treatments of patients. In this study, first, artificial neural network (ANN) and classification and regression tree (CART)‐based approaches are proposed for the diagnosis of diabetes. Hybrid ANN‐GA and CART‐GA approaches are then developed using a genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the classification accuracy of these approaches. Finally, the performances of the developed approaches are evaluated with a Pima Indian diabetes data set. Experimental results show that the developed hybrid CART‐GA approach outperforms the ANN, CART, and ANN‐GA approaches in terms of classification accuracy, and this approach provides an efficient methodology for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.
Effect of combined chlorogenic acid and chitosan coating on antioxidant, antimicrobial, and sensory properties of snakehead fish in cold storage
Authors: Cao Xiaohuang , Islam Md. Nahidul , Chitrakar Bimal , Duan Zhenhua , Xu Wanxiu , Zhong Saiyi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDegradation of meat quality has always been a burning issue in fish preservation. To maintain the quality, a novel combination of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and chitosan (CS) coating was applied to snakehead fish fillets. Fish fillets were soaked into 2% chitosan (2CS), 0.2% CGA in 2% chitosan (0.2CGA/2CS), 0.5% CGA in 2% chitosan (0.5CGA/2CS), or 1.0% CGA in 2% chitosan (1.0CGA/2CS) solution; and then, coated samples were vacuum‐packaged and stored at 2 ± 0.5°C. pH values, color values, microbial loads, hardness, sensory qualities, and oxidization of lipids and proteins of stored fish fillets were investigated for 5 months. Antimicrobial activity was found to be nonsignificant (p ≤ .05) among different coated fish fillets, while color, antioxidant, and pH values were significantly (p ≤ .05) different. Lipid oxidation and protein oxidation were found to be inhibited in 2CS‐, 0.5CGA/2CS‐ and 1.0CGA/2CS‐coated fish fillet. All CGA/CS coating delayed increase in pH (p ≤ .05) and resulted brown color. However, only CS coating resulted in higher sensory scores (p ≤ .05) and controlled browning. Considering antioxidant properties and other quality parameters, CGA/CS coating might be applied commercially in fish preservation.
Soil detachment by overland flow on steep cropland in the subtropical region of China
Authors: Ma Qianhong , Zhang Keli , Cao Zihao , Wei Mengyao , Yang Zhicheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAccurate prediction of soil detachment capacity is fundamental to establish process‐based erosion models and improve soil loss assessment. Few studies were conducted to reveal the mechanism of detachment process for yellow soil on steep cropland in the subtropical region of China using field experiments. This study was performed to determine soil detachment characteristics and explore the relationships between soil detachment capacity (D
c) and flow rate, slope gradient, mean velocity, shear stress, stream power and unit stream power. Field experiments were conducted on intact soil with flow rates ranging from 0.2 × 10−3 to 0.5 × 10−3 m−3 s−1 and slope gradients varying from 8.8 to 42.4%. The results showed the following. (a) D
c of yellow soil was smaller than other soils because of its high clay content. (b) D
c was more susceptible to flow than to slope gradient. Power functions were derived to depict the relationship between D
c and the flow rate and slope gradient (R2 = 0.91). (c) D
c was better simulated by power functions of the stream power (R2 = 0.83) than functions of the shear stress or the unit stream power. (d) Considering its accuracy, simplicity and accessibility, the power function based on flow rate and slope gradient is recommended to predict D
c of yellow soil in the field. The results of this study provide useful support for revealing soil detachment mechanism and developing process‐based soil erosion models for the subtropical region of China.
The impact of childbirth education classes on delivery outcome
Authors: Gluck Ohad , Pinchas‐Cohen Tally , Hiaev Zvia , Rubinstein Hanny , Bar Jacob , Kovo Michal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether participating in childbirth classes is associated with pregnancy outcomes.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to review the medical records of all nulliparous women who participated in childbirth classes during their pregnancy and delivered in the authors’ institute, between January 2014 and December 2017 (CB class group). The control group comprised nulliparous women who delivered in the same time period, but who did not participate in any education classes (Not attended CB class group). The controls were matched in a ratio of 1:1 for gestational age at delivery and neonatal birth weight.ResultsOverall, 159 patients were included in each group. The class group was characterized with above average income (28 [23.9%] vs 19 [16.7%]; P=0.001) and higher education level (80 [64.0%] vs 60 [45.1%]; P=0.002), higher rate of normal vaginal delivery (128 [80.5%] vs 93 [58.5%]; P<0.001), and lower rate of vacuum extraction (12 [7.5%] vs 36 [22.6%]; P<0.001) compared to the Not attended CB class group. By logistic regression analysis, after controlling for obstetrics and socioeconomic variables, participation in childbirth classes was found to be independently associated with successful normal vaginal delivery (odds ratio 2.90; 95% confidence interval 1.13–7.38; P=0.024).ConclusionParticipation in childbirth classes has a positive impact on pregnancy outcome.
History of Previous Fracture and Imminent Fracture Risk in Swedish Women Aged 55 to 90 Years Presenting With a Fragility Fracture
Authors: Toth Emese , Banefelt Jonas , Åkesson Kristina , Spångeus Anna , Ortsäter Gustaf , Libanati Cesar 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The term “fracture cascade” refers to the sequence of fragility fractures resulting from the increased fracture risk that occurs with aging and following fractures. Here, we evaluate the sequence of previous fractures in women aged 55 to 90 years presenting with a fragility fracture and subsequent (12 to 24 months) fracture incidence. In this retrospective, observational study, women aged 55 to 90 years with an “index” fragility fracture in 2013 were identified from Swedish national registries. A history of previous fractures (2001 to 2012) and osteoporosis treatment was used to characterize fracture cascade patterns. Cumulative incidence of new fractures within 12 to 24 months following the index fracture, based on index fracture type and age, were used to describe the risk of subsequent fractures. A total of 35,146 women with a mean age of 73.8 years were included (7180 hip, 2786 clinical vertebral, and 25,180 nonhip/nonvertebral [NHNV] index fractures); 38% of women with hip, 38% with clinical vertebral, and 25% with NHNV index fractures had one or more previous fractures. Across all index fracture types, the proportion of women with any previous fracture increased with age; 34% to 46% of index hip or clinical vertebral fractures in women ≥70 years were not their first fracture. Following any index fracture, cumulative incidence of a new fracture over 24 months was over 11% (index clinical vertebral 18%; index hip 14%). Osteoporosis treatment rates were low both in patients with (27%) and without (18%) a previous fracture. These descriptive data demonstrate that almost one-third of women aged 55 to 90 years suffering a new fracture have had a previous fragility fracture. Fracture location influences incidence and type of subsequent fracture during the 24 months following a fragility fracture, with clinical vertebral fractures carrying the greatest imminent fracture risk. These data highlight the clinical impact and need for early, effective treatment soon after any fragility fracture. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Which one came first: movement behavior or frailty? A cross‐lagged panel model in the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging
Authors: Mañas Asier , del Pozo‐Cruz Borja , Rodríguez‐Gómez Irene , Losa‐Reyna José , Rodríguez‐Mañas Leocadio , García‐García Francisco J. , Ara Ignacio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere has been limited longitudinal assessment of the relationship between moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with frailty, and no studies have explored the possibility of reverse causality. This study aimed to determine the potential bidirectionality of the relationship between accelerometer‐assessed MVPA, SB, and frailty over time in older adults.MethodsParticipants were from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging. We analysed 186 older people aged 67 to 90 (76.7 ± 3.9; 52.7% female participants) over a 4‐year period. Time spent in SB and MVPA was assessed by accelerometry. Frailty Trait Scale was used to determine frailty levels. A cross‐lagged panel model design was used to test the reciprocal relationships between MVPA/SB and frailty.ResultsFrailty Trait Scale score changed from 35.4 to 43.8 points between the two times (P < 0.05). We also found a reduction of 7 min/day in the time spent on MVPA (P < 0.05), and participants tended to spend more time on SB (P = 0.076). Our analyses revealed that lower levels of initial MVPA predicted higher levels of later frailty [std. β = −0.126; confidence interval (CI) = −0.231, −0.021; P < 0.05], whereas initial spent time on SB did not predict later frailty (std. β = −0.049; CI = −0.185, 0.087; P = 0.48). Conversely, an initial increased frailty status predicted higher levels of later SB (std. β = 0.167; CI = 0.026, 0.307; P < 0.05) but not those of MVPA (std. β = 0.071; CI = −0.033, 0.175; P = 0.18).ConclusionsOur observations suggest that the relationship between MVPA/SB and frailty is unidirectional: individuals who spent less time on MVPA at baseline are more likely to increase their frailty score, and individuals who are more frail are more likely to spent more time on SB at follow‐up. Interventions and policies should aim to increase MVPA levels from earlier stages to promote successful aging.
Pyrite enhanced the reactivity of zero‐valent iron for reductive removal of dyes
Authors: Chen Kun , Han Linting , Li Jianfa , Lü Ying , Yao Chunxia , Dong Huaping , Wang Lijun , Li Yimin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDZero‐valent iron (ZVI) is an environmentally friendly and cost‐efficient material for the removal of contaminants. However, its application is challenged by problems such as surface passivation and pH increase in the reaction media. As a potential solution for this problem, pyrite, a waste of the mining industry, was used together with ZVI for reductive removal of azo dyes.RESULTSIn comparison with ZVI alone, the ZVI/pyrite mixture showed dramatically enhanced efficiency and reusability for dye removal, although pyrite itself can hardly remove dyes. The reaction rate constant kobs for the removal of Orange II at the initial pH (pH0) of 7.0 was enhanced 9.4‐ to 28.0‐fold by using the mixture at a pyrite/ZVI mass ratio ranging from 1 to 4, respectively. The mechanism studies indicate that pyrite not only helped produce more iron(II) by facilitating iron corrosion and the iron(II)/iron(III) cycle in the mixed system, but also activated the ZVI surface by in situ sulfidation. The high reactivity of the adsorbed iron(II) in the mixed system significantly contributed to dye removal, especially at the alkalescent pH.CONCLUSIONPyrite accelerated the reductive removal of dyes by ZVI, through inhibiting its surface passivation and suppressing the pH increase in the reaction media. Therefore, this research proposes a facile method for enhancing the reactivity and applicability of ZVI in environmental remediation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Microalgae as biocatalyst in simultaneous photodegradation of antibiotics and hormones
Authors: Díaz‐Quiroz Carlos , Ulloa‐Mercado Gabriela , Hernández‐Chávez Juan Francisco , Rentería‐Mexía Ana , Serrano‐Palacios Denisse , Meza‐Escalante Edna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnregulated use of veterinary pharmaceuticals has caused environmental concerns such as ecotoxicity and development of genetic resistance in the microbial biosphere. Photocatalytic treatments, e.g. photo‐Fenton reaction, have been considered for their removal. In this work, substitution of the use of a chemical oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide (Fenton reaction) by organic molecules from sonicated microalgae biomass Chlorella sp, combined with Fe2+ and UV light, was used to evaluate the removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) and hormone 17β‐estradiol (E2) in synthetic wastewater.ResultsRemoval of CIP was improved using only UV (71%), by adding Fe2+ at 0.54 mmol L−1 (90.17%) and combining these with sonicated microalgae biomass (0.4 g L−1), achieving >99% CIP removal and 75% E2 removal after 120 min of treatment. When the conditions were optimized, aiming to decrease the Fe2+ concentration and improve the removal of CIP, the optimal conditions were pH 7, sonicated microalgae biomass concentration 0.5 g L−1 and 0.39 mmol L−1 Fe2+, reaching 97 and 70% removal efficiency for CIP and E2 respectively; when microalgae biomass was not added, removal decreased to 90 and 57% respectively.ConclusionPhotodegradation with sonicated microalgae biomass has demonstrated to be an effective option to improve the removal of selected antibiotics and hormones from wastewater, considering that no acidification or costly reagents are needed for its optimization. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Bio‐electro‐Fenton systems for sustainable wastewater treatment: mechanisms, novel configurations, recent advances, LCA and challenges. An updated review
Authors: Li Shengnan , Hua Tao , Li Fengxiang , Zhou Qixing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBio‐electro‐Fenton processes use biological electrons produced from bioelectrochemical systems to treat wastewater. The most significant advantages of bio‐electro‐Fenton systems are high effectiveness, low toxicity, gentle operation conditions, environmentally friendly treatment without sludge accumulation and energy conservation. Though promising, bio‐electro‐Fenton systems still face several challenges, such as high power density, H2O2 concentration, cathode materials, Fe2+ concentration and pH. This review comprehensively discusses the mechanisms of bio‐electro‐Fenton systems. Then, structural configurations are critically reviewed, including microbial fuel cells coupled with electro‐Fenton systems, microbial electrolysis cells coupled with electro‐Fenton systems and other bioelectrochemical systems coupled with electro‐Fenton systems. Furthermore, recent advances in bio‐electro‐Fenton systems for wastewater treatment are introduced, including dye solution, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, oily wastewater, landfill leachate and other pollutants. In addition, the current challenges and specific future prospects of bio‐electro‐Fenton, such as possible mechanisms for improving the power output, electrode materials that are potentially useful, self‐designed electrodes and methods of maintaining circumneutral pH values, are also explored. Heretofore, great progress in bio‐electro‐Fenton has been made, but further improvements are still needed in order to make this system more economical and practical. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry