bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/MoS2/carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Homa Piotr , Wenelska Karolina , Mijowska Ewa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, few-layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was functionalized with metal oxide (MxOy) nanoparticles which served as a catalyst for carbon nanotubes (CNT) growth in the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) process. The resulting MoS2/MxOy/CNT functionalized nanomaterials were used for flame retarding application in poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The composites were extruded with a twin-screw extruder with different wt% loading of the nanomaterial. Full morphology characterization was performed, as well as detailed analysis of fire performance of the obtained composites in relation to pristine PLA and PLA containing an addition of the composites. The samples containing the addition of MoS2/MxOy/CNT displayed up to over 90% decrease in carbon oxide (CO) emission during pyrolysis in respect to pristine PLA. Microscale combustion calorimetry testing revealed reduction of key parameters in comparison to pristine PLA. Laser flash analysis revealed an increase in thermal conductivity of composite samples reaching up to 65% over pristine PLA. These results prove that few-layered 2D nanomaterials such as MoS2 functionalized with CNT can be effectively used as flame retardance of PLA.
Optimal Statistical Incorporation of Independent Feature Stability Information into Radiomics Studies
Authors: Götz Michael , Maier-Hein Klaus H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractConducting side experiments termed robustness experiments, to identify features that are stable with respect to rescans, annotation, or other confounding effects is an important element in radiomics research. However, the matter of how to include the finding of these experiments into the model building process still needs to be explored. Three different methods for incorporating prior knowledge into a radiomics modelling process were evaluated: the naïve approach (ignoring feature quality), the most common approach consisting of removing unstable features, and a novel approach using data augmentation for information transfer (DAFIT). Multiple experiments were conducted using both synthetic and publicly available real lung imaging patient data. Ignoring additional information from side experiments resulted in significantly overestimated model performances meaning the estimated mean area under the curve achieved with a model was increased. Removing unstable features improved the performance estimation, while slightly decreasing the model performance, i.e. decreasing the area under curve achieved with the model. The proposed approach was superior both in terms of the estimation of the model performance and the actual model performance. Our experiments show that data augmentation can prevent biases in performance estimation and has several advantages over the plain omission of the unstable feature. The actual gain that can be obtained depends on the quality and applicability of the prior information on the features in the given domain. This will be an important topic of future research.
Augmentation of Bri2 molecular chaperone activity against amyloid-β reduces neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampus in vitro
Authors: Chen Gefei , Andrade-Talavera Yuniesky , Tambaro Simone , Leppert Axel , Nilsson Harriet E. , Zhong Xueying , Landreh Michael , Nilsson Per , Hebert Hans , Biverstål Henrik , Fisahn André , Abelein Axel , Johansson Jan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMolecular chaperones play important roles in preventing protein misfolding and its potentially harmful consequences. Deterioration of molecular chaperone systems upon ageing are thought to underlie age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and augmenting their activities could have therapeutic potential. The dementia relevant domain BRICHOS from the Bri2 protein shows qualitatively different chaperone activities depending on quaternary structure, and assembly of monomers into high-molecular weight oligomers reduces the ability to prevent neurotoxicity induced by the Alzheimer-associated amyloid-β peptide 1-42 (Aβ42). Here we design a Bri2 BRICHOS mutant (R221E) that forms stable monomers and selectively blocks a main source of toxic species during Aβ42 aggregation. Wild type Bri2 BRICHOS oligomers are partly disassembled into monomers in the presence of the R221E mutant, which leads to potentiated ability to prevent Aβ42 toxicity to neuronal network activity. These results suggest that the activity of endogenous molecular chaperones may be modulated to enhance anti-Aβ42 neurotoxic effects.
Prefoldin subunits (PFDN1–6) serve as poor prognostic markers in gastric cancer
Authors: Yesseyeva Galiya , Aikemu Batuer , Hong Hiju , Yu Chaoran , Dong Feng , Sun Jing , Zang Lu , Zheng Minhua , Ma Junjun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Prefoldin subunits (PFDN), primarily known for co-chaperone function associated with cytoskeletal rearrangement, have been found involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer progression. However, studies focusing on the roles of PFDN in gastric cancer (GC) remain limited. The present study aims to evaluate the prognostic values of PFDN in GC. Prognostic roles of PFDNs were analyzed via the Kaplan–Meier platform, followed by subset analysis within various clinical parameters. High mRNA expression of PFDN2, PFDN3 and PFDN4 displayed poor overall survival (OS) while PFDN5 displayed favorable OS. In HER2+ subset, PFDN2, PFDN3, PFDN4 and PFDN6 displayed poor OS. In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2−) subset, PFDN2, PFDN3 and PFDN4 displayed poor OS. In intestinal type subset, PFDN1 and PFDN2 displayed poor OS. In diffuse-type subset, PFDN2 and PFDN6 displayed poor OS. In moderate differentiation type subset, PFDN1 displayed poor OS. In poor differentiation type subset, PFDN2 and PFDN6 displayed poor OS. In metastasis negative subset, PFDN1, PFDN2 and PFDN6 displayed poor OS. In lymph node (LN) positive subset, PFDN2 and PFDN5 displayed poor OS. The present study provided insightful clues into the poor prognostic values of PFDNs in GC patients.
SULT2B1b inhibits reverse cholesterol transport and promotes cholesterol accumulation and inflammation in lymphocytes from AMI patients with low LDL-C levels
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Guo Zhongzhou , Wu Tongwei , Liu Jichen , Zhang Bin , Lai Wenyan , Tu Wenwei , Guo Zhigang , Luo Tiantian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The current main treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD) is to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by statins, which could decrease the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) by 30%. However, many residual risks still remain. To clarify the mechanism involved, we studied patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with low LDL-C levels. Lymphocytes were isolated, and it was found that despite no difference in plasma LDL-C level, the lymphocyte cholesterol content was higher in AMI patient than those in non-CAD patients; thus, the decrease in intracellular cholesterol content was inconsistent with that in the plasma. Additionally, [3H]-cholesterol efflux rates were lower and mRNA levels of the inflammatory factors tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) higher in AMI lymphocytes. It was found that sulphotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) expression was higher in AMI lymphocytes. Further research using Jurkat T lymphocytes confirmed that SULT2B1b knockdown increased cholesterol efflux capacity and decreased mRNA levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ by increasing liver X receptor (LXR)-β levels. Furthermore, the degree of CpG island methylation in the SULT2B1b promoter was reduced in cells from AMI patients. In conclusion, SULT2B1b up-regulation due to hypomethylation of its promoter promotes cholesterol accumulation and inflammation by inhibiting LXR-β in lymphocytes of AMI patients with low LDL-C levels. Therefore, reducing intracellular cholesterol is also important as plasma cholesterol levels. Therapeutic approaches to decrease SULT2B1b expression might be potentially beneficial for CAD prevention by decreasing intracellular cholesterol.
The DNA methylation landscape in cancer
Authors: Skvortsova Ksenia , Stirzaker Clare , Taberlay Phillippa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
As one of the most abundant and well-studied epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation plays an essential role in normal development and cellular biology. Global alterations to the DNA methylation landscape contribute to alterations in the transcriptome and deregulation of cellular pathways. Indeed, improved methods to study DNA methylation patterning and dynamics at base pair resolution and across individual DNA molecules on a genome-wide scale has highlighted the scope of change to the DNA methylation landscape in disease states, particularly during tumorigenesis. More recently has been the development of DNA hydroxymethylation profiling techniques, which allows differentiation between 5mC and 5hmC profiles and provides further insights into DNA methylation dynamics and remodeling in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe the distribution of DNA methylation and DNA hydroxymethylation in different genomic contexts, first in normal cells, and how this is altered in cancer. Finally, we discuss DNA methylation profiling technologies and the most recent advances in single-cell methods, bisulfite-free approaches and ultra-long read sequencing techniques.
NGC 4993, the shell galaxy host of GW170817: constraints on the recent galactic merger
Authors: Ebrová I. , Bílek M. , Yıldız M. K. , Eliášek J. 
Published: January 2020

Context. NGC 4993 is the shell galaxy host of the GRB170817A short gamma-ray burst and the GW170817 gravitational-wave event produced during a binary-neutron-star coalescence.
Aims. The galaxy shows signs, including the stellar shells, that it has recently accreted a smaller, late-type galaxy. The accreted galaxy might be the original host of the binary neutron star.
Methods. We measured the positions of the stellar shells of NGC 4993 in an HST/ACS archival image and use the shell positions to constrain the time of the galactic merger.
Results. According to the analytical model of the evolution of the shell structure in the expected gravitational potential of NGC 4993, the galactic merger happened at least 200 Myr ago, with a probable time roughly around 400 Myr, and the estimates higher than 600 Myr being improbable. This constitutes the lower limit on the age of the binary neutron star, because the host galaxy was probably quenched even before the galactic merger, and the merger has likely shut down the star formation in the accreted galaxy. We roughly estimate the probability that the binary neutron star originates in the accreted galaxy to be around 30%.
Inhibition of HIF-1α through Suppression of
NF-κB Activation by Compounds Isolated from Senecio
graveolens
Authors: Ticona Luis Apaza , Cano-Adamuz Nuria , Serban Andreea Madalina , Sánchez Ángel Rumbero 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the characteristics of cancer is that the lack of oxygen in the cancer
cells triggers changes in their gene expression. This hypoxia activates
hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and this in turn sets in motion the whole
family of important angiogenic genes for the tumour. Hypoxia-inducible
factor 1-alpha therefore increases the density and vascular permeability
within the tumours, facilitating their rapid growth and, later, the
metastasis. Senecio graveolens is a South American medicinal plant
commonly used for mountain sickness (lack of adaptation of the organism to
hypoxia). Additionally, pharmacological studies showed that its alcoholic
extracts have cytotoxic properties.This research aimed to perform a guided phytochemical study of S.
graveolens to identify compounds capable of inhibiting
hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha through suppression of nuclear factor
kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell activation. The isolation led
to the characterisation of phanurane (1), damsine (2), and scoparone (3),
first reported in the S. graveolens species.Phanurane (1 ) showed inhibitory activity of hypoxia-inducible factor
1-alpha on the cancer cell lines U-373 MG
(IC50=20.66±0.04 μM),
A549 (IC50=25.80±0.04 μM),
Hep G2
(IC50=29.21±0.03 μM), and
Caco-2
(IC50=38.58±0.02 μM).
Damsine (2) hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha displayed inhibitory
activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha on the cancer cell lines U-373
MG (IC50=2.29±0.07 μM),
A549 (IC50=4.13±0.04 μM),
Hep G2
(IC50=6.40±0.03 μM), and
Caco-2
(IC50=9.80±0.04 μM).
Finally, scoparone (3) displayed inhibitory activity of
hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha on the cancer cell lines U-373 MG
(IC50=15.22±0.01 μM),
A549 (IC50=17.47±0.02 μM),
Hep G2
(IC50=18.26±0.06 μM), and
Caco-2
(IC50=19.75±0.04 μM).In addition, phanurane (1 ) displayed inhibitory activity over nuclear
factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells on cancer cell lines
U-373 MG
(IC50=7.13±0.03 μM), A549
(IC50=8.64±0.03 μM),
Hep G2
(IC50=8.87±0.04 μM), and
Caco-2
(IC50=15.11±0.01 μM).
Likewise, damsine (2) showed inhibitory activity over nuclear factor
kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells on cancer cell lines U-373
MG (IC50=2.28±0.01 μM),
A549 (IC50=3.79±0.02 μM),
Hep G2
(IC50=3.98±0.05 μM), and
Caco-2
(IC50=6.41±0.02 μM).
Lastly, scoparone (3) displayed inhibitory activity of nuclear factor
kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells on cancer cell lines U-373
MG (IC50=3.62±0.06 μM),
A549 (IC50=4.48±0.03 μM),
Hep G2
(IC50=5.25±0.01 μM), and
Caco-2
(IC50=11.90±0.02 μM).This study corroborates the cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds
through the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha as well as its
modulator nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B
cells.
Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft: Strukturvoraussetzungen von Zentren für die interventionelle Emphysemtherapie
Authors: Gesierich W. , Darwiche K. , Döllinger F. , Eberhardt R. , Eisenmann S. , Grah C. , Heußel C.-P. , Hübner R.-H. , Ley-Zaporozhan J. , Stanzel F. , Welter S. , Hoffmann H. ,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin,   Vorstand der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie interventionelle Emphysemtherapie bietet ein breites Spektrum an chirurgischen und endoskopischen Optionen zur Behandlung von Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Lungenemphysem. Zur Sicherstellung der Behandlungsqualität ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Pneumologie, Thoraxchirurgie und bildgebenden Disziplinen in der Auswahl, Therapie und Nachsorge von Emphysem-Patienten erforderlich. Das vorliegende Positionspapier beschreibt erforderliche Struktur- und Qualitätsvoraussetzungen von Behandlungszentren.
Reconstruction of Complicated Achilles Tendon Ruptures with Soft Tissue Defects – a Systematic Overview and Development of a Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Hackenberg Roslind Karolina , Täger Stefan , Prangenberg Christian , Kabir Koroush , Welle Kristian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAchilles tendon ruptures are among the most common ruptures of large tendons. Due to the vulnerable soft tissue there is a high risk of soft tissue defects. The combination of Achilles tendon ruptures and soft-tissue defects remains a challenge for the surgeon. Despite different treatment options there is a lack of structured treatment recommendation. By means of a systematic literature review and experience from our own clinic standard, an overview of the stepwise treatment options is presented. A treatment algorithm for reconstructive measures of Achilles tendon ruptures accompanied by soft-tissue defects according to the length of defect of the Achilles tendon, the size of the soft-tissue defect and patient-individual factors is developed. This is intended to serve the surgeon as a basis for decision making prior to application of therapy.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism with TSH>7 mIU/l and≤10 mIU/l and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Rosário Pedro Weslley Souza , Calsolari Maria Regina 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe association of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with increased cardiovascular risk is controversial when thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration is<10 mIU/l, as well as its association with a higher coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in individuals with low cardiovascular risk. This study evaluated coronary artery disease (CAD) by CACS in asymptomatic, low-cardiovascular risk women with SCH and TSH>7 mIU/l and≤10 mIU/l untreated for 5 years after diagnosis. The CACS was obtained for two groups of women with low cardiovascular risk. Group A consisted of 32 women with mild SCH (TSH>7 mIU/l and≤10 mIU/l) who remained untreated for 5 years, and group B consisted of 32 euthyroid women matched for age and body mass index to group A. The CACS ranged from 0 to 350 (median 0, 25–75% interval: 0–10) in group A and from 0 to 280 (median 0, 25–75% interval: 0–0) in group B. Scores>0 and≥10 were significantly more frequent in group A (40.6 vs. 12.5% and 25 vs. 3.1%, respectively). A CACS≥100 was also more frequent in group A (18.75 vs. 3.1%), but the difference was not significant (p=0.1). The results of the study suggest that long-term SCH with TSH>7 mIU/l and ≤ 10 mIU/l is associated with a higher risk of CAD in individuals≤65 years, even in those with low cardiovascular risk.
Decreased Expression of the Human Urea Transporter SLC14A1 in Bone is Induced by Cytokines and Stimulates Adipogenesis of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Komrakova Marina , Blaschke Martina , Ponce Maria Laura , Klüver Anne , Köpp Regine , Hüfner Michael , Schieker Matthias , Miosge Nicolai , Siggelkow Heide 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human urea transporter SLC14A1 (HUT11/UT-B) has been suggested as a marker for the adipogenic differentiation of bone cells with a relevance for bone diseases. We investigated the function of SLC14A1 in different cells models from bone environment. SLC14A1 expression and cytokine production was investigated in bone cells obtained from patients with osteoporosis. Gene and protein expression of SLC14A1 was studied during adipogenic or osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal progenitor cells (hMSCs) and of the single-cell–derived hMSC line (SCP-1), as well as in osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Localization was determined by histochemical methods and functionality by urea transport experiments. Expression of SLC14A1 mRNA was lower in cells from patients with osteoporosis that produced high levels of cytokines. Accordingly, when adding a combination of cytokines to SCP-1 SLC14A1 mRNA expression decreased. SLC14A1 mRNA expression decreased after both osteogenic and more pronounced adipogenic stimulation of hMSCs and SCP-1 cells. The highest SLC14A1 expression was determined in undifferentiated cells, lowest in chondrocytes and osteoclasts. Downregulation of SLC14A1 by siRNA resulted in an increased expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta as well as adipogenic markers. Urea influx through SLC14A1 increased expression of osteogenic markers, adipogenic markers were suppressed. SLC14A1 protein was localized in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm. Summarizing, the SLC14A1 urea transporter affects early differentiation of hMSCs by diminishing osteogenesis or by favoring adipogenesis, depending on its expression level. Therefore, SLC14A1 is not unequivocally an adipogenic marker in bone. Our findings suggest an involvement of SLC14A1 in bone metabolism and inflammatory processes and disease-dependent influences on its expression.
Factors Associated with Scaphoid Nonunion following Early Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Prabhakar Pooja , Wessel Lauren , Nguyen Joseph , Stepan Jeffrey , Carlson Michelle , Fufa Duretti 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Nonunion after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of scaphoid fractures is reported in 5 to 30% of cases; however, predictors of nonunion are not clearly defined.
Objective The purpose of this study is to determine fracture characteristics and surgical factors which may influence progression to nonunion after scaphoid fracture ORIF.
Patients and Methods We performed a retrospective case–control study of scaphoid fractures treated by early ORIF between 2003 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were surgical fixation within 6 months from date of injury and postoperative CT with minimum clinical follow-up of 6 months to evaluate healing. Forty-eight patients were included in this study. Nonunion cases were matched by age, sex, and fracture location to patients who progressed to fracture union in the 1:2 ratio.
Results This series of 48 patients matched 16 nonunion cases with 32 cases that progressed to union. Fracture location was proximal pole in 15% (7/48) and waist in 85% (41/48). Multivariate regression demonstrated that shorter length of time from injury to initial ORIF and smaller percent of proximal fracture fragment volume were significantly associated with scaphoid nonunion after ORIF (63 vs. 27 days and 34 vs. 40%, respectively). Receiver operating curve analysis revealed that fracture volume below 38% and time from injury to surgery greater than 31 days were associated with nonunion.
Conclusion Increased likelihood for nonunion was found when the fracture was treated greater than 31 days from injury and when fracture volume was less than 38% of the entire scaphoid.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, therapeutic study.
Vagus Nerve Stimulator–Associated Sleep Disordered Breathing: Identification, Treatment, and Outcomes in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Carosella Christopher M. , Smith David F. , Sarber Kathleen M. , Turner Michele , Dye Thomas J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVagus nerve stimulator (VNS)-associated sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a poorly understood side effect of VNS treatment. We present a patient with VNS-associated SDB who underwent sleep laboratory VNS titration, evaluation by drug-induced sleep endoscopy, and treatment including adenotonsillectomy and positive airway pressure therapy. This case is unique as it is the first to document, in real time, the inverse correlation of VNS current with airflow. This case offers unique insights into mechanisms and treatment of VNS-associated SDB, and a novel approach in its management. Most importantly, this case highlights the need for collaboration between physicians managing epilepsy with VNS and those managing sleep.
Starting Neurotrauma Facilities at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh
Authors: Goyal Nishant 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is said that making a start is half the job done. The same can be said for starting a new institute, a new department, or a new facility. Neurotrauma at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh made humble beginnings in June 2016 when a patient with L1 compression burst fracture with paraparesis with urinary retention presented to the Outpatient Department and underwent surgery. The neurotrauma facilities at the institute got a major push with the beginning of emergency and trauma services in June 2017. The Department of Neurosurgery at AIIMS Rishikesh takes up cases of traumatic brain injuries, spinal injuries, and peripheral nerve injuries.