bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenges of access to local finance for PPP infrastructure project delivery in Nigeria
Authors: Bolomope Muhammed Temitayo , Baffour Awuah Kwasi Gyau , Amidu Abdul-Rasheed , Filippova Olga 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This study explores the challenges of access to finance from local financial institutions (LFIs), i.e. local banks, for public–private partnership (PPP) infrastructure project delivery in Nigeria. The aim is to provide useful insights that could inform policy solutions to ease the local funding of PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria and, by extension, other developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach
Adopting a qualitative research methodology, the study engaged PPP stakeholders involved in securing funds for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria. A total of 15 PPP stakeholders, drawn from the public and private sectors, were purposively selected and their views on the research problem obtained through recorded telephone interviews. The opinions of the research participants were subsequently analyzed and the results discussed with the outcome of the examination of relevant literature.

Findings
The study found that the significant factors affecting access to local finance for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria include low capital base by LFIs, weak project viability, lack of capacity to manage PPP-related activities, inconsistent government policy, poor legal framework and public perception of PPP.

Research limitations/implications
Insights from this study are useful for PPP stakeholders in mitigating the barriers that influence access to local finance for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria and other developing economies. This study is also useful in enhancing the current policy structure in developing countries as a way of revamping the existing infrastructure framework through LFIs.

Originality/value
This study provides clarity on the peculiar challenges impeding access to finance from LFIs for PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria and will be useful for debt providers and policymakers in evaluating the bankability of PPP infrastructure projects in Nigeria and other developing countries.
Cryptic interactions revisited from ecological networks: Mosses as a key link between trees and hummingbirds
Authors: Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Osorio Felipe , Riffo‐Donoso Valentina , Carvallo Gastón O. , Rydin Håkan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Ecological interactions are the glue of biodiversity, structuring communities and determining their functionality. However, our knowledge about ecological interactions is usually biased against cryptic interactions (i.e. overlooked interactions involving inconspicuous species). Mosses are a neglected component in community ecology despite being diverse and abundant in boreal and temperate forests. Therefore, the cryptic relationships of trees as hosts for epiphytic mosses, and vertebrates using mosses as nesting material, may have important consequences for community structuring.

We built species‐ and individual‐based ecological networks to characterise tree–moss associations in 120 tree individuals representing 13 species, which hosted 19 moss species. We also used those ecological networks to simulate the effects of non‐random extinctions due to selective logging, to assess the presence of moss species in hummingbird nests (30 nests), whether these mosses were a subset of those found on the trees if moss diversity varies with tree height and whether these moss–tree relationships are phylogenetically constrained.

We found a nested pattern in the tree–moss network. Taller trees were the most connected, with tree height positively related to number of moss species, network degree and centrality. Extinction simulations showed changes in network topology, with the strongest effect from the removal of the most connected tree species. However, tree and moss networks were not influenced by phylogenetic relatedness. The hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes selectively collected mosses; the moss species used as nesting material by hummingbirds were a subset of available species. These complex relationships among trees, birds and mosses underpin the importance of neglected components in the community.

We found that tree–moss associations were non‐random, showing a positive relationship between tree height and moss diversity. Those associations are the reflection of preferences beyond relative abundances in the forest, and the removal of certain tree species (due to selective logging) may have cascade effects in the community. Furthermore, the lack of phylogenetic correspondence suggests that tree–moss associations are governed by ecological factors (host tree preferences). Moss–hummingbird associations are non‐random, as hummingbirds (that pollinate these trees) are actively selecting mosses for nest building, stressing the importance of cryptic interactions as a community‐structuring process.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Student–teacher relationship quality and prosocial behaviour: The mediating role of academic achievement and a positive attitude towards school
Authors: Longobardi Claudio , Settanni Michele , Lin Shanyan , Fabris Matteo Angelo 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe current research investigated the association between teacher–student relationship (both teacher‐perceived and student‐perceived relationship quality) and students’ prosocial behaviours, as well as the mediating roles of students’ attitudes towards school and perceived academic competence in this association.SampleFour hundred and fifty‐nine Italian primary students (aged 4–9, Mage = 7.05, SDage = 1.37) and 47 teachers (aged 26–60, Mage = 48.35, SDage = 8.13) participated and finished all the questionnaires and scales.MethodsMultiple regression analyses and bootstrapping analyses were employed to test the direct and the mediating effects between the teacher/student‐perceived relationship and students’ prosocial behaviours.ResultsResults indicated that (1) teacher–student relationship was positively associated with students’ prosocial behaviour; and (2) students’ attitudes towards school could significantly mediate the association between teacher/student‐perceived relationship and students’ prosocial behaviours.ConclusionsOur understanding of how teacher–student relationship helps to enhance students’ prosocial behaviours, as well as the intervention programmes that aim to enhance students’ prosocial behaviours, may benefit from these findings.
Exploring the relationship between clout and cognitive processing in MOOC discussion forums
Authors: Moore Robert L. , Yen Cherng‐Jyh , Powers F. Eamonn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between clout and cognitive processing in massive open online course (MOOC) discussion forum posts. Cognitive processing, a category variable generated by the automated text analysis tool, Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC), is made up of six sub‐scores (insight, causation, discrepancy, tentativeness, certainty and differentiation). Clout is a nontransparent summary variable in LIWC that can be used to understand the level of confidence conveyed in the text. Because clout is nontransparent, we do not know the algorithm used to calculate its value. To better understand this variable, this study examined cognitive processing alongside clout. In this study, a series of linear mixed models were fitted to evaluate, after controlling for gender, degree and type of post, if the focal relationship between each sub‐score of cognitive processing as the predictor variables and clout as the dependent variable changed across courses with different pacing (self‐paced or instructor‐paced). Next, the focal relationship between each predictor and clout was examined with or without regard to pacing. Findings showed words classified as showing discrepancy, certainty or differentiation were negatively associated with clout scores.
CD109 regulates in vivo tumor invasion in lung adenocarcinoma through TGF‐β signaling
Authors: Taki Tetsuro , Shiraki Yukihiro , Enomoto Atsushi , Weng Liang , Chen Chen , Asai Naoya , Murakumo Yoshiki , Yokoi Kohei , Takahashi Masahide , Mii Shinji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStromal invasion is considered an important prognostic factor in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The mechanisms underlying the formation of tumor stroma and stromal invasion have been studied in the lung; however, they are still unclear. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored glycoprotein highly expressed in several types of human malignant tumors including lung cancers. In this study, we investigated the in vivo functions of CD109 protein in malignant lung tumors. Initially, we identified an association between higher expression of CD109 protein in human lung adenocarcinoma and a significantly worse prognosis, according to immunohistochemical analysis. We also showed that CD109 deficiency significantly reduced the area of stromal invasive lesions in a genetically engineered CD109‐deficient lung adenocarcinoma mouse model, which correlated with the results observed in human lung adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, we identified latent TGF‐β binding protein‐1 (LTBP1) as a CD109‐interacting protein using mass spectrometry and confirmed their interaction by co‐immunoprecipitation. Importantly, increased CD109 expression enhanced stromal TGF‐β activation in the presence of LTBP1. Therefore, these data suggest the significance of the regulation of TGF‐β signaling through CD109 and LTBP1 interaction in tumor stroma and also reveal the importance of CD109 expression levels in promoting lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and thus predicting the outcome of patients suffering from lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, CD109 protein could be a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
NIST RM 8301 Boron Isotopes in Marine Carbonate (Simulated Coral and Foraminifera Solutions): Inter‐laboratory δ11B and Trace Element Ratio Value Assignment
Authors: Stewart Joseph A. , Christopher Steven J. , Kucklick John R. , Bordier Louise , Chalk Thomas B. , Dapoigny Arnaud , Douville Eric , Foster Gavin L. , Gray William R. , Greenop Rosanna , Gutjahr Marcus , Hemsing Freya , Henehan Michael J. , Holdship Philip , Hsieh Yu‐Te , Kolevica Ana , Lin Yen‐Po , Mawbey Elaine M. , Rae James W. B. , Robinson Laura F. , Shuttleworth Rachael , You Chen‐Feng , Zhang Shuang , Day Russell D. 
Published: October 2020

The boron isotopic ratio of 11B/10B (δ11BSRM951) and trace element composition of marine carbonates are key proxies for understanding carbon cycling (pH) and palaeoceanographic change. However, method validation and comparability of results between laboratories requires carbonate reference materials. Here, we report results of an inter‐laboratory comparison study to both assign δ11BSRM951 and trace element compositions to new synthetic marine carbonate reference materials (RMs), NIST RM 8301 (Coral) and NIST RM 8301 (Foram) and to assess the variance of data among laboratories. Non‐certified reference values and expanded 95% uncertainties for δ11BSRM951 in NIST RM 8301 (Coral) (+24.17‰ ± 0.18‰) and NIST RM 8301 (Foram) (+14.51‰ ± 0.17‰) solutions were assigned by consensus approach using inter‐laboratory data. Differences reported among laboratories were considerably smaller than some previous inter‐laboratory comparisons, yet discrepancies could still lead to large differences in calculated seawater pH. Similarly, variability in reported trace element information among laboratories (e.g., Mg/Ca ± 5% RSD) was often greater than within a single laboratory (e.g., Mg/Ca < 2%). Such differences potentially alter proxy‐reconstructed seawater temperature by more than 2 °C. These now well‐characterised solutions are useful reference materials to help the palaeoceanographic community build a comprehensive view of past ocean changes.
SiC‐based porous ceramic carriers for heat‐conductive phase change materials through carbothermal reduction method
Authors: Liu Xiaoqian , Zhou Yang , Liu Xufeng , Li Runfeng , Li Shibo , Li Cuiwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIron tailings remain the environment‐damaging waste from the iron ore, and high porosity porous ceramics are an attractive material to “turn waste into treasure.” To improve the thermal conductivity, porous ceramics with high silicon carbide content have been prepared by carbothermal reduction sintering process using argillaceous fine‐grained iron tailings with high silica content. The carbothermal reduction reaction mechanism and the components and properties of samples in sintering process are investigated. The results show that reaction components in the tailings are mainly SiO2 and Fe2O3 and liquid phase is generated rapidly between 1200°C and 1300°C, producing foaming effect and significantly improving the porosity. Moreover carbothermal reduction of SiO2 occurs above 1300°C. After sintering at 1600°C for 2 hours, the apparent porosity and thermal conductivity of porous iron tailing ceramics are 81.1% and 0.58 W/(m·K), respectively. Compared with the ordinary porous iron tailing ceramics with the same porosity, the thermal conductivity of those herein is increased by 6.6 times. This study is instructive for the development of low‐cost preparation technology of phase change material carriers.
Evaluation of the effect of COVID‐19 pandemic on anxiety severity of physicians working in the internal medicine department of a tertiary care hospital: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Uyaroğlu Oğuz Abdullah , Başaran Nursel Çalık , Ozisik Lale , Karahan Sevilay , Tanriover Mine Durusu , Guven Gulay Sain , Oz Serife Gul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternists who have an important role in the global response to the COVID‐19 pandemic are under both physical and psychological pressures.AimsTo assess the anxiety among physicians working in the internal medicine department of a tertiary care hospital who are on the frontline of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis single‐centre, non‐intervention, cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire from 1 April to 14 April 2020. Physicians of the Department of Internal Medicine were invited to participate with a self‐administered questionnaire. The degree of symptoms of anxiety was assessed by the Turkish versions of the 7‐item Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale and Beck Anxiety Inventory, respectively.ResultsA total of 113 participants consented for the study and completed the questionnaire. The median age was 29 (IQR = 5) years and 53.1% were male. A total of 72 internists (63.7%) worked as ‘frontline’ healthcare workers directly engaged in diagnosing, treating or caring for patients with or suspected to have COVID‐19. Female gender was significantly associated with high scores and levels in all scales compared to the male gender (P < 0.005). Having family members over 65 years old and with chronic diseases were significantly associated with high anxiety scores and levels (P < 0.005).ConclusionsIn this survey of internists in a university hospital equipped with clinics, wards and intensive care unit for patients with COVID‐19, female gender and having family members over 65 years old and with chronic diseases were associated with increased anxiety levels.
Why do young nurses leave their organization? A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Çamveren H. , Arslan Yürümezoğlu H. , Kocaman G. 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundNurse turnover is a major problem all over the world. It is known that young nurses who constitute the new nurse labour force are more likely to leave their organization, especially in their first year. However, qualitative studies that approach the problem from the perspective of young nurses and focus on the reasons for their decision to leave their organization are limited.AimTo understand the reasons for young nurses’ leaving their organization and determine their experiences, focusing on their point of view.MethodsThe study had a descriptive qualitative design and was conducted between January and February 2019. Purposeful sampling was used, and the sample included 15 nurses that voluntarily decided to leave a university hospital in Turkey and agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected with semi‐structured interviews, and the interviews were audio‐recorded. The data obtained from the interviews were evaluated by content analysis.FindingsThe young nurses’ reasons for leaving their organization were found to be in three categories: the Negative work environment, Nursing shortage, and Unsatisfied individual expectations. The Negative work environment category included the subcategories of lack of professional solidarity, lack of support from managers, inadequacy of preceptorship process, and horizontal violence. The Nursing shortage category consisted of the subcategories of excessive workload and overtime. The category of Unsatisfied individual expectations comprised the subcategories of work–social life imbalance, availability of alternative options, and family‐related reasons.Conclusion and implications for nursing policyIt was determined that the young nurses left their organization because they did not receive sufficient support from their managers and colleagues during the transition period. This finding shows that nurse executives must have the managerial skills and understanding to regulate the work environment, increase peer support, and carefully plan each stage of the transition process for the retention of young nurses in their organization. In addition, nurse executives should encourage and be involved with policy making and policymakers and other managers in their organizations to develop institutional and national strategies to ensure that young nurses remain in nursing.
Owston’s civet Chrotogale owstoni: a priority for conservation breeding
Authors: Willcox D. , Taylor O. , Jimerson J. , Underwood G. , Nguyen Van Thai  
Published: October 2020

Owston’s civet Chrotogale owstoni is categorized as Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The species is the only member of the genus Chrotogale and is restricted to Vietnam, Lao PDR and southern China. Its restricted distribution, taxonomic status as the sole member of its genus, declining conservation status and the known absence of any effective protection within its range make the Owston’s civet a global priority for carnivore conservation. In April 2019, 57 stakeholders, including civil society organizations, zoos from Europe and the region, representatives of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Species Survival Commission (SSC) and the Vietnamese government, gathered in Hanoi, Vietnam, to identify what priority in situ and ex situ actions are needed to avert the extinction of Owston’s civet. The result was the development of a 10 year conservation strategy for this species, part of which includes establishing a conservation‐breeding programme. Conservation‐breeding programmes for globally threatened species in South East Asia are on the whole failing because of poor planning, conflicting institutional objectives and lack of resources. This short report summarizes some of the outputs from the conservation‐planning workshop, and how zoos and other facilities can support the recovery of Owston’s civet in Indochina.
Social media posts reveal the geographic range of the Critically Endangered clown wedgefish, Rhynchobatus cooki
Authors: McDavitt Matthew T. , Kyne Peter M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe shark‐like rays of the family Rhinidae (wedgefishes) are globally threatened with extinction. The poorly known clown wedgefish, Rhynchobatus cooki has historically been recorded only from fish markets in Singapore and Jakarta, Indonesia. Its natural geographic range has until now gone undocumented. Social media posts revealed the first wild records of this Critically Endangered species; six records were located between 2015 and 2020 from small‐scale fisheries in Lingga and Singkep Islands, Indonesia. These results demonstrate the utility of social media searches to identify biogeographic records of cryptic and data‐poor species.
Promoting Active Aging: Lessons Learned in an Implementation Pilot in Primary Care
Authors: Callahan Kathryn E. , Willard James , Foley Kristie L. , Miller Michael E. , Houston Denise K. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Williamson Jeff D. , Applegate William B. , Girma Feben , Whitehead Sarah E. , Rejeski W. Jack 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUNDPhysical activity (PA) preserves mobility, but few practices screen older adults for mobility impairment or counsel on PA.DESIGN“Promoting Active Aging” (PAA) was a mixed‐methods randomized‐controlled pilot, to test the feasibility and acceptability of a video‐based PA counseling tool and implementation into practice of two mobility assessment tools.SETTINGThree primary care practices affiliated with Wake Forest Baptist Health.PARTICIPANTSAdults aged 65 years and older who presented for primary care follow‐up and were willing and able to answer self‐report questions and walk 4 meters (n = 59).INTERVENTIONVideo‐based PA counseling intervention versus control video, “Healthy Eating.”MEASUREMENTSPotential participants completed mobility assessments: self‐report (Mobility Assessment Tool‐short form (MAT‐sf)) and performance based (4‐meter walk test). We assessed PAAʼs implementation—feasibility, acceptability, and value—via interviews and surveys. Effectiveness was measured via participant attendance at a PA information session.RESULTSOf 92 patients approached, 89 (96.7%) agreed to mobility assessment. Eighty‐nine completed MAT‐sf, and 97.8% (87/89) completed 4‐meter walk test. Sixty‐seven (75%) met eligibility criteria, and 59 (88%) consented to be randomized either to the PA counseling intervention (Video‐PA) or to active control (Video‐C). Most participants viewed the walk test positively (51/59; 86.4%). Staff reported that completion of patient surveys, MAT‐sf, and videos required significant staff time and support (median = 26 minutes for all), resulting in low acceptability of MAT‐sf and the videos. Attendance at a PA information session did not differ by randomization group (Video‐PA = 11/29 (37.9%); Video‐C = 12/30 (40%); 95% confidence interval for difference in proportion = −0.29 to 0.25).CONCLUSIONSMobility assessment, particularly a 4‐meter walk test, was feasible in primary care. Tablet‐based assessment (MAT‐sf) and video counseling tools, selected to reduce staff effort, instead required significant time to implement. Future work to promote PA should identify effective ways to facilitate adoption of PA in sedentary older adults that do not burden staff.