bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recency and intensification of positive symptoms enhance prediction of conversion to syndromal psychosis in clinical high-risk patients
Authors: Brucato Gary , First Michael B. , Dishy Gabriella A. , Samuel Shana S. , Xu Qing , Wall Melanie M. , Small Scott A. , Masucci Michael D. , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Girgis Ragy R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly detection and intervention strategies in patients at clinical high-risk (CHR) for syndromal psychosis have the potential to contain the morbidity of schizophrenia and similar conditions. However, research criteria that have relied on severity and number of positive symptoms are limited in their specificity and risk high false-positive rates. Our objective was to examine the degree to which measures of recency of onset or intensification of positive symptoms [a.k.a., new or worsening (NOW) symptoms] contribute to predictive capacity.MethodsWe recruited 109 help-seeking individuals whose symptoms met criteria for the Progression Subtype of the Attenuated Positive Symptom Psychosis-Risk Syndrome defined by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes and followed every three months for two years or onset of syndromal psychosis.ResultsForty-one (40.6%) of 101 participants meeting CHR criteria developed a syndromal psychotic disorder [mostly (80.5%) schizophrenia] with half converting within 142 days (interquartile range: 69–410 days). Patients with more NOW symptoms were more likely to convert (converters: 3.63 ± 0.89; non-converters: 2.90 ± 1.27; p = 0.001). Patients with stable attenuated positive symptoms were less likely to convert than those with NOW symptoms. New, but not worsening, symptoms, in isolation, also predicted conversion.ConclusionsResults suggest that the severity and number of attenuated positive symptoms are less predictive of conversion to syndromal psychosis than the timing of their emergence and intensification. These findings also suggest that the earliest phase of psychotic illness involves a rapid, dynamic process, beginning before the syndromal first episode, with potentially substantial implications for CHR research and understanding the neurobiology of psychosis.
Quotas as Opportunities and Obstacles: Revisiting Gender Quotas in India
Authors: Turnbull Brian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the empirical uncertainty regarding whether gender quotas establish a foundation of political representation and experience that encourages female candidates to compete against men. It updates and expands existing empirical research by contributing an analysis of the most recent electoral data across four municipal corporations in India over two election cycles. Critical questions on the theoretical expectation that gender quotas should encourage and enable women politicians to compete in open-gender contests over time are considered. The Indian quota system has not encouraged women to broadly compete outside the quota at the local level but has made some wards more likely to elect women. Parties also continue to resist nominating women outside the quota but are more likely to do so in wards previously represented by a woman. Finally, the unique overlap of gender and community quotas can discourage incumbency by essentially blocking incumbents from running again in their ward due to shifting community requirements.
Junglerice (Echinochloa colona) and feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata) seed production and retention at sorghum maturity
Authors: Mahajan Gulshan , Walsh Michael , Chauhan Bhagirath S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn Australia, junglerice and feather fingergrass are problematic weeds in sorghum. The high seed production potential of these weeds increases their seedbank in the soil and makes weed control practices more difficult and expensive, particularly when weeds have evolved resistance to herbicides. A study was conducted to evaluate the seed production and seed retention behavior of junglerice and feather fingergrass at sorghum crop maturity following four transplanting times: 0, 2, 4, and 6 wk after sorghum emergence. Averaged across years, junglerice and feather fingergrass produced 4,060 and 5,740 seeds plant-1, respectively,when they were transplanted with the emergence of a sorghum crop. Seed retention ranged from 42% to 56% for junglerice and 67% to 75% for feather fingergrass when these weeds were transplanted from 0 to 4 wk after crop emergence. A positive correlation (r = 0.75 for junglerice; r = 0.44 for feather fingergrass) was found between seed production and weed biomass in both weeds, indicating that larger plants produced more seeds than smaller plants. However, no correlation was found between weed biomass and seed retention for junglerice. A weak positive correlation (r = 0.44) was found between feather fingergrass biomass and percent seed retention, indicating that seed retention was greater in larger plants compared with smaller plants. Our results suggest that feather fingergrass is a good candidate for harvest weed seed control (HWSC) tactics if crop harvest is timely. There is limited opportunity to use HWSC tactics for targeting junglerice seeds in sorghum crops, because most seeds dispersed before crop maturity. Additional research is required to evaluate seed retention levels of these weeds in other summer crops such as corn and soybean to determine the potential for HWSC for management of these species.
Effect of ropivacaine on peripheral neuropathy in streptozocin diabetes-induced rats through TRPV1-CGRP pathway
Authors: Zhang Nanwen , Wei Haixiang , Wu Weifang , Lin Peimin , Chen Yuan , Liu Zhiwei , Wang Honglin , Bian Yize , Yu Kai , Lin Shan , Cui Yanqi , Luo Renwei , Lin Jianming , Chen Xiaole 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of ropivacaine on peripheral neuropathy in diabetic rats and its possible mechanism.
Methods Forty-eight Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: nondiabetic control group, nondiabetic group A (0.25% ropivacaine), nondiabetic group B (0.75% ropivacaine), diabetic control group (diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) +artificial cerebrospinal fluid), diabetic group A (DPN+0.25% ropivacaine), and diabetic group B (DPN + 0.75% ropivacaine), with eight rats in each group. Within an hour of the last administration, the sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) of each group was measured, and the morphological changes of rat sciatic nerve were observed by HE, Weil’s staining and electron microscopy. The expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1) in the spinal cord dorsal horn of rats was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) protein in the spinal cord was analyzed by Western blot.
Results Compared with the nondiabetic control group, elevated blood glucose, decreased weight and reduced average mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), additionally, the sciatic nerves showed significantly slowed conduction velocity (both P&lt;0.001) and damaged pathological structure, the expression of TRPV1 and CGRP were decreased (both P&lt;0.001) in the diabetic groups. Compared with the diabetic control group, down-regulation of TRPV1 and CGRP in spinal cord was significant for the diabetic groups A and B treated with 0.25 and 0.75% ropivacaine, the higher concentration of ropivacaine correlated with a greater change.
Conclusion Ropivacaine can significantly block sciatic nerve conduction velocity in DPN rats in a concentration-dependent manner, which may be related to the expression of the TRPV1-CGRP pathway.
MiR-129-5p regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via IGF-1R/Src/ERK/Egr-1 pathway in RA-fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yan Ni , Wang Xiaoqing , Chang Yanhai , Wang Yu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is reported that miR-129-5p plays an important role in various diseases, but its effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the potential mechanism remain to be clarified. In the present research, we aimed to investigate the effect of miR-129-5p on RA and the special molecular mechanism. First, the expression of miR-129-5p was analyzed in RA patients and RA Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) by RT-PCR assay. The cell viability, apoptotic rate and the relative expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were measured by CCK-8, Annexin-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) and ELISA, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the target of miR-129-5p. The results revealed that the expression of miR-129-5p was down-regulated in RA patients and RA-FLSs. In addition, miR-129-5p inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of RA-FLS. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was the direct target of miR-129-5p, and IGF-1R promoted cell proliferation and inhibited apoptosis by activating Src/ERK/Egr-1 signaling. Furthermoremore, the Src/ERK/Egr-1 signaling pathway was suppressed by miR-129-5p. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that miR-129-5p regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis via IGF-1R/Src/ERK/Egr-1 signaling pathway in RA.
Scutellarin attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in hepatocytes by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress through regulating Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling
Authors: Wu Haiyuan , Jia Lan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Scutellarin is a natural flavonoid that has been found to exhibit anti-ischemic effect. However, the effect of scutellarin on hepatic hypoxia/reoxygenation (ischemia–reperfusion (I/R)) injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the protective effect of scutellarin on I/R-induced injury in hepatocytes. Our results showed that scutellarin improved cell viability in hepatocytes exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Scutellarin treatment resulted in decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in H/R-induced hepatocytes. In addition, scutellarin reduced cell apoptosis in H/R-stimulated hepatocytes, as proved by the decreased apoptotic rate. Moreover, scutellarin significantly up-regulated bcl-2 expression and down-regulated bax expression in hepatocytes exposed to H/R. Furthermore, scutellarin treatment caused significant decrease in Keap1 expression and increase in nuclear Nrf2 expression. Besides, scutellarin induced the mRNA expressions of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Inhibition of Nrf2 significantly reversed the protective effects of scutellarin on H/R-stimulated hepatocytes. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that scutellarin protected hepatocytes from H/R-induced oxidative injury through regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, indicating a potential relevance of scutellarin in attenuating hepatic I/R injury.
Association between polymorphisms in interleukin-18 promoter and risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lian Zheng , Li Su-Fang , Cui Yu-Xia , Wu Man-Yan , Su Li-Na , Hu Dan , Xiong Wei-Jue , Chen Hong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have explored associations between interleukin-18 (IL-18) promoter polymorphisms and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results were controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association between the two polymorphisms and CAD risk. Methods: We searched English and Chinese databases and calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate whether there are genetic associations between IL-18 promoter polymorphisms and the risk of CAD. All relevant studies were screened and meta-analyzed using STATA 15.0. Results: A total of 15 studies, including 12 studies for -137 G/C and 9 studies for -607 C/A, were identified for the meta-analysis. For -137 G/C, the results showed a significantly reduced risk of CAD in the dominant model (OR = 0.85) and heterozygous model (OR = 0.88) in the overall analysis. However, in subgroup analysis, decreased CAD risks were only observed in Asian populations for heterozygous genetic models. For -607 C/A, the overall OR revealed a reduced risk of CAD in all five genetic models (allelic, OR = 0.78; recessive, OR = 0.75; dominant, OR = 0.68; homozygous, OR = 0.61; heterozygous, OR = 0.72). In subgroup analysis, reduced CAD risk was also found in five genetic models of the Asian population. We also found that the IL-18 polymorphisms were correlated with myocardial infarction (MI) and multivessel (MV) disease. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the -137 polymorphism and -607 polymorphism in the IL-18 promoter were negatively associated with CAD, especially in the Asian population. In addition, some genetic models were correlated with the severity of CAD.
Speech-Language Pathology in Malaysia: Perspectives and Challenges
Authors: Chu Shin Ying , Khoong Elaine Shi Qing , Ismail Farah Najihah Mohamad , Altaher Abeer Muneer , Razak Rogayah A. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Malaysia, with its diverse culture and multilingual population, presents a unique and interesting setting for working as a speech-language pathologist (SLP). This article discusses the challenges that SLPs face when providing speech and language therapy in Malaysia and issues that need to be addressed for continued growth of this profession. While providing suggestions to SLPs on methods to overcome the challenges faced and improve their clinical practice, this article also calls upon international collaborations in overcoming these challenges.

Conclusions
Within the last few decades, the SLP profession in Malaysia has continued to grow and develop as it seeks to offer services on par with countries where the profession is more established. However, there is still much room for improvement as Malaysia continues to overcome current challenges.
Finding the Good in the Challenge: Benefit Finding Among Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Boyle Michael P. , Beita-Ell Carolina , Milewski Kathryn M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether persons who stutter (PWS) reported benefits related to their stuttering and to describe the nature of those benefits.

Method
A mixed-methods approach was utilized. Qualitative content analysis was conducted with 5 different books, which included chapters written by PWS that focused on the experiences of stuttering and psychosocial aspects of the condition. In addition, 4 survey items measuring perceived benefits from stuttering were administered to 322 adults who stutter.

Results
Three major themes with 11 subthemes were identified in the qualitative analysis. PWS reported personal benefits from stuttering, including positive behavioral outcomes, cultivation of determination, feeling stronger, and emotional growth. Relationship benefits included social support access, deepening of relationships, and increased sensitivity to others. Changes in perspective included gained perspective about stuttering, gained perspective on life, a sense of appreciation, and finding positive meaning in challenges. Quantitative analysis revealed that over 90% of PWS agreed that stuttering has made them more understanding of other people, and over 80% agreed that it has made them stronger.

Conclusion
It is concluded that benefit finding among PWS should continue to be investigated in order to obtain a more complete understanding of the psychosocial aspects of stuttering and potentially to enhance therapeutic and support services for PWS.
Antiplasmodial Bis-Indole Alkaloids from the Bark of Flindersia pimenteliana
Authors: Robertson Luke P. , Lucantoni Leonardo , Avery Vicky M. , Carroll Anthony R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThree new (1–3) and 2 known (4–5) bis-indole alkaloids were identified from the bark of Flindersia pimenteliana (Rutaceae). The structures of 1–3 were elucidated on the basis of their (+)-HRESESIMS and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Antiplasmodial activity for 1–3 against chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) Plasmodium falciparum is also reported, with IC50 values ranging from 0.96 to 2.41 µg/mL. These results expand our knowledge of the structure-activity relationships of potently antiplasmodial isoborreverine-type alkaloids, the bioactivity of which have recently attracted significant attention in the literature.
The origin of purpose clause markers in Proto-Omagua-Kukama
Authors: O’Hagan Zachary 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores the diachrony of three purpose clause markers in Proto-Omagua-Kukama (Tupí-Guaraní; Amazonia): *-taɾa, *-maiɾa, and *=tsenuni. I explain an absolutive pattern of control in these clauses via an account in which the markers originate in a combination of nominalizers, a purpose suffix, and a postposition. I show that a similar system is attested in at least one other related language, Kamaiurá.
Differences in phonological awareness performance
Authors: Goriot Claire , Unsworth Sharon , van Hout Roeland , Broersma Mirjam , McQueen James M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Children who have knowledge of two languages may show better phonological awareness than their monolingual peers
(e.g. Bruck & Genesee, 1995). It remains unclear how much bilingual experience is
needed for such advantages to appear, and whether differences in language or cognitive skills alter the relation between
bilingualism and phonological awareness. These questions were investigated in this cross-sectional study. Participants
(n = 294; 4–7 year-olds, in the first three grades of primary school) were Dutch-speaking pupils attending
mainstream monolingual Dutch primary schools or early-English schools providing English lessons from grade 1, and simultaneous
Dutch-English bilinguals. We investigated phonological awareness (rhyming, phoneme blending, onset phoneme identification, and
phoneme deletion) and its relation to age, Dutch vocabulary, English vocabulary, working memory and short-term memory, and the
balance between Dutch and English vocabulary. Small significant (α < .05) effects of bilingualism were found
on onset phoneme identification and phoneme deletion, but post-hoc comparisons revealed no robust pairwise differences between the
groups. Furthermore, effects of bilingualism sometimes disappeared when differences in language or memory skills were taken into
account. Learning two languages simultaneously is not beneficial to – and importantly, also not detrimental to – phonological
awareness.
Novel Index for bioclimatic zone-based biodiversity conservation strategies under climate change in Northeast Asia
Authors: Choi Yuyoung , Lim Chul-Hee , Chung Hye In , Ryu Jieun , Jeon Seong Woo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Biodiversity is rapidly declining globally and targeted efforts are needed to mitigate the loss of species. Conventional conservation efforts have focused on establishing protected areas and restoring degraded lands in order to maintain current conditions or restore ecosystems to a pre-damaged state. However, as the climate changes, the current bioclimatic zones will be re-distributed globally. Historical distribution patterns may no longer serve as an effective guide for supporting biodiversity under climate change. In response to these challenges, this study proposes a spatially explicit strategy for biodiversity conservation that takes climate change into account using bioclimatic classification. The bioclimatic classification maps of Northeast Asia (NEA) were constructed for three historical time periods (the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s) and two future time periods (the 2050s and 2070s) using five general circulation models (GCMs) in representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) scenarios. It was predicted that, in general, zones are shifting north, and some zones are expanding or shrinking rapidly. Based on an analysis of latitudinal and areal change for each zone, the bioclimate vulnerability index (BVI) and naturality index (NI) were developed to quantify the impact of environmental change. As a result of the BVI analysis, the distribution of vulnerable zones is expected to shift northward and expand. As is evident with the increased vulnerability of the subarctic region caused by the expansion of the temperate climate, the extent of vulnerable zones will increase. Also, the southern regions of NEA are becoming vulnerable due to the transformation of the temperate zone to a more subtropical zone. Quadrant graphs based on the BVI and NI were created to present appropriate strategies for each zone. Our proposed framework shows that conservation strategies should be modified based on the changes in the relative position of each zone over time.
A New Type of Hybrid DC Current Limiting Circuit Breaker suitable for HVDC
Authors: Wang J J , Wang Z X 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Multi-terminal DC transmission technology based on voltage source converter is one of the important technical means to solve the problem of grid connection and consumption of renewable energy. In this regard, encountering the fault current during fault period remains an important issue. Thereby, devices and circuits to suppress the fault current have become a hot topic in recent years. In this paper, a new type of current-limiting circuit breaker structure is proposed. Under normal conditions, the load current flows through the low-loss main branch. After the fault occurs, the power electronics based switches are disconnected, and the fault current is shifted to the auxiliary branch of current limiting device. The current limiting device suppresses the rise of the fault current. Finally, the power electronics based switches in the auxiliary branch open, and eventually the residual current is absorbed by the MOA. Moreover, the proposed topology of current-limiting circuit breaker is verified using PSCAD/EMTDC based simulation experiments. In comparison with ABB circuit breaker, the proposed topology has small on-state losses and good damping characteristics under normal conditions, and in the fault state too, Besides, the proposed topology owns the benefit of high reactance, therefore, allow the suppression of fault current effectively and have advantage to cut-off large amount of fault current.
Self-adaption Dynamic Virtual Inertia Control Strategy of Doubly fed Variable Speed Pumped Storage Unit
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Deng Changhong , Chen Yahong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The power decoupling control characteristic of doubly fed variable speed pumped storage unit (VSPS) makes the rotor of VSPS unable to respond to the change of grid frequency and reduces the inertia of power system. In this paper, a self-adaption dynamic virtual inertia control strategy for VSPS is proposed. The strategy introduces correction factor to change the coefficient of control by detecting the change of dΔf/dt and automatically control the active power output of VSPS to provide dynamic frequency support for power grid. Simulation results demonstrate that by dynamically compensating the reference power of doubly fed converter, the strategy can effectively increase the frequency stability of power grid.
Optimal Capacity Design of Independent Micro-Grid System for High Proportion of Wind-Solar Combined Cooling Heating and Power System with Energy Storage
Authors: Yao Z L , Wang Z X , Qin H , Bao L X 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper researches the optimal capacity design of independent micro-grid system for wind-solar combined cooling heating and power system with energy storage, puts forward a dispatching method based on expert time-judge for dynamic control of wind-solar direct permeability and a hierarchical design based on energy storage module. Because of the uncertainty of wind-solar system, this paper adopts fuzzy parameters to describe the system constraints and clarify the opportunity constraints, then optimizes the capacity design on fuzzy constraints and particle swarm optimization, analyses the operation results of optimal capacity allocation under dispatching method and hierarchical design of energy storage.