bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controllable Cell Deformation Using Acoustic Streaming for Membrane Permeability Modulation
Authors: Guo Xinyi , Sun Mengjie , Yang Yang , Xu Huihui , Liu Ji , He Shan , Wang Yanyan , Xu Linyan , Pang Wei , Duan Xuexin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHydrodynamic force loading platforms for controllable cell mechanical deformation play an essential role in modern cell technologies. Current systems require assistance from specific microstructures thus limiting the controllability and flexibility in cell shape modulation, and studies on real‐time 3D cell morphology analysis are still absent. This article presents a novel platform based on acoustic streaming generated from a gigahertz device for cell shape control and real‐time cell deformation analysis. Details in cell deformation and the restoration process are thoroughly studied on the platform, and cell behavior control at the microscale is successfully achieved by tuning the treating time, intensity, and wave form of the streaming. The application of this platform in cell membrane permeability modulation and analysis is also exploited. Based on the membrane reorganization during cell deformation, the effects of deformation extent and deformation patterns on membrane permeability to micro‐ and macromolecules are revealed. This technology has shown its unique superiorities in cell mechanical manipulation such as high flexibility, high accuracy, and pure fluid force operation, indicating its promising prospect as a reliable tool for cell property study and drug therapy development.
Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period
Authors: Andrushko Valerie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesCranial vault modification (CVM), the intentional reshaping of the head, indicated group affiliation in prehistoric Andean South America. This study aims to analyze CVM data from the Cuzco region of Peru to illuminate patterns of early migration and settlement along with the later impact of the Inca Empire (AD 1438–1532) on the ethnic landscape.Materials and Methods419 individuals from 10 archaeological sites spanning over 2300 years were assessed for CVM using morphological analysis.ResultsCVM patterns show distinct temporal attributes: the tabular type of modification appeared first and dominated the early sample (900 BC–AD 600), followed by an influx of unmodified crania during the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000). The annular type appeared later during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1438). In the subsequent period of Inca imperialism, modification rates were higher at sites in the Cuzco countryside than in Cuzco city sites.DiscussionThe study results, combined with archaeological and ethnohistoric data, reveal the sociopolitical transformations that occurred prior to and during the rise of the Inca Empire. The influx of unmodified crania during the Middle Horizon resulted at least partly from Wari occupation, while the appearance of the annular type during the LIP points to migration into the area, possibly from the Lake Titicaca region. In the Inca Imperial Period, Inca individuals at Cuzco city sites refrained from modification as a sign of their ethnic identity, while modification patterns in the Cuzco countryside likely reflect state‐coerced resettlement of different ethnic groups.
Weighted estimators of the complier average causal effect on restricted mean survival time with observed instrument–outcome confounders
Authors: Dharmarajan Sai H. , Li Yun , Lehmann Douglas , Schaubel Douglas E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA major concern in any observational study is unmeasured confounding of the relationship between a treatment and outcome of interest. Instrumental variable (IV) analysis methods are able to control for unmeasured confounding. However, IV analysis methods developed for censored time‐to‐event data tend to rely on assumptions that may not be reasonable in many practical applications, making them unsuitable for use in observational studies. In this report, we develop weighted estimators of the complier average causal effect (CACE) on the restricted mean survival time in the overall population as well as in an evenly matchable population (CACE‐m). Our method is able to accommodate instrument–outcome confounding and adjust for covariate‐dependent censoring, making it particularly suited for causal inference from observational studies. We establish the asymptotic properties and derive easily implementable asymptotic variance estimators for the proposed estimators. Through simulation studies, we show that the proposed estimators tend to be more efficient than instrument propensity score matching‐based estimators or IPIW estimators. We apply our method to compare dialytic modality‐specific survival for end stage renal disease patients using data from the U.S. Renal Data System.
A‐ and B‐type starch granules from wheat exhibiting weak, medium, and strong gluten: An investigation of physicochemical, morphological, and in vitro digestion properties
Authors: Colussi Rosana , Dias Antunes Mariana , Gutkoski Luiz Carlos , Vanier Nathan Levien , Zavareze Elessandra da Rosa , Dias Alvaro Renato Guerra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesIn this study, the characteristics of A‐ and B‐type starch granules from three wheat cultivars exhibiting weak, medium, and strong gluten forces were investigated. It was analyzed the wheat flour chemical composition and gluten content, wet starch extraction yield, and the physicochemical, morphological, and digestion properties of isolated A‐ and B‐type starch granules. The starches were characterized for swelling power, solubility, pasting properties, gel texture profile, thermal properties, relative crystallinity, morphology, and in vitro starch digestibility.FindingsThe starch extraction yield was higher for the wheat sample exhibiting weak gluten force, followed by the samples with medium and strong gluten. There was no difference between the A‐ and B‐type starch granules regarding starch extraction yield. The wheat starch physicochemical properties varied depending on gluten force and starch granule size, specified as A‐type or B‐type. Weak gluten‐containing wheat starch displayed a slower glucose release compared with the medium‐ and strong gluten‐containing samples. A‐type granules exhibited slower in vitro starch digestibility and digestion rate in the small intestine in all cultivars.ConclusionsThe obtained results allow a great application diversity of wheat starch granules through their separation based either on the genotype or on the granule size.Significance and noveltyStarch extraction from wheat with different gluten forces could be an alternative to obtain starch with different characteristics as well as the separation of A‐ and B‐type granules that would fulfill the needs of specific markets.
How are families included in the treatment of adults affected by eating disorders? A scoping review
Authors: Fleming Carmel , Le Brocque Robyne , Healy Karen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe involvement of families in the treatment of adults with eating disorders is recommended as a core component of comprehensive care, yet little is known about the optimal way to implement or routinely facilitate this. This article evaluates the recent evidence on the inclusion of families in treatment programs for adults with eating disorders.MethodA systematic literature search was conducted to identify evidence of family inclusive treatment approaches for adults with eating disorders. A scoping review framework was applied to assess and synthesize findings.ResultsSixty‐eight studies were identified. Substantial conceptual research contributing to the theoretical basis of current practice with families of adults with eating disorders and clinical applications in current use were identified. Most research used uncontrolled studies with few experimental designs, reflecting the standing of the extant literature. Common elements of existing approaches have been distinguished and shared core components of interventions identified.DiscussionResults confirmed that family members of adults were willing to be involved with eating disorder treatment services and appeared to respond to interventions of varying intensity and duration. The impact on individual patients, and effect on treatment outcomes, are yet to be established. The localized settings of existing studies, the homogenous nature of interventions used, and the limited diversity in research subjects, make it difficult to generalize from the results to the wide range of adult eating disorder presentations seen in practice. Suggestions for future research and further clinical developments are discussed.
Financial sector transparency, financial crises and market power: Across‐countryevidence
Authors: Kusi Baah , Agbloyor Elikplimi , Gyeke‐Dako Agyapomaa , Asongu Simplice 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe study investigates how financial sector transparency moderates the influence of financial crises on bank market power across 75 economies between 2004 and 2014. Using two‐step dynamic system generalized method of moments the study shows that while public sector‐led financial sector transparency reduces bank market power, private sector‐led financial sector transparency promotes bank market power given that private sector‐led transparency gives financial cost advantage to financially sound banks to solidify the market power and dominance. Similarly, while financial crises reduce the market power of banks implying that during financial crises banks lose their market power, financial sector transparency promotes the negative effect of financial crises on bank market power. This implies that during financial crises, financial sector transparency whether enforced through private or public sector, boosts the weakening effect of financial crises on bank market power. These findings imply that regulators can rely on financial transparency to tame bank market power to enhance banking competitiveness. The findings and results are consistent even when country, time and continental effects are controlled for.
Randomized, controlled, clinical trial to evaluate a xenogeneic collagen matrix as an alternative to free gingival grafting for oral soft tissue augmentation: A 6‐ to 8‐year follow‐up
Authors: McGuire Michael K. , Scheyer E. Todd , Lipton David I. , Gunsolley John C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this follow up study was to determine if a xenogeneic collagen matrix (CMX) is as effective as free gingival graft (FGG) in preventing further recession 6+ years following vestibuloplasty.MethodsThis study was a single‐blind (examiner), randomized, controlled, split‐mouth study of 30 subjects with insufficient zones of KT (< 2 mm), associated with at least two, paired teeth. The study utilized a within subject treatment comparison to examine non‐inferiority according to primary and secondary endpoints 6+ years after therapy. The original study primary efficacy endpoint was keratinized tissue width (KTw); however, in this report, prevention of recession (Rec) was also examined, along with traditional, secondary clinical measures, histopathology of mucosal biopsies and exploratory, patient reported outcomes (PROs) for pain and satisfaction.ResultsA total of 23 of the 30 original, study patients were available for 6 to 8‐year postoperative assessment, and these patients were representative of the original patient population. For preventing further Rec, CMX was not inferior to FGG (ΔRec = −0.07 ± 1.26 mm for CMX and −0.17 ± 0.78 mm for FGG, P = 0.710). There were no adverse results observed, and histological assessment indicated normal, keratinized gingiva for both therapies. Tissue texture and color match to surrounding, native tissues were significantly better for CMX, and patients preferred CMX over FGG therapy.ConclusionsCMX appears to be a suitable substitute for FGG 6+ years after therapy.
Estimating posterior quantity of interest expectations in a multilevel scalable framework
Authors: Fairbanks Hillary R. , Osborn Sarah , Vassilevski Panayot S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScalable approaches for uncertainty quantification are necessary for characterizing prediction confidence in large‐scale subsurface flow simulations with uncertain permeability. To this end we explore a multilevel Monte Carlo approach for estimating posterior moments of a particular quantity of interest, where we employ an element‐agglomerated algebraic multigrid (AMG) technique to generate the hierarchy of coarse spaces with guaranteed approximation properties for both the generation of spatially correlated random fields and the forward simulation of Darcy's law to model subsurface flow. In both these components (sampling and forward solves), we exploit solvers that rely on state‐of‐the‐art scalable AMG. To showcase the applicability of this approach, numerical tests are performed on two 3D examples—a unit cube and an egg‐shaped domain with an irregular boundary—where the scalability of each simulation as well as the scalability of the overall algorithm are demonstrated.
Performance of nasal methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus screening for intra‐abdominal infections in critically ill adult patients
Authors: Bennett Sean , Mullen Chanda , Mistry Bhavin , Cucci Michaelia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectiveIntra‐abdominal infections (IAIs) are a common reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an uncommon pathogen in IAIs. Although more data are available in the setting of non‐abdominal sources, there are limited data on the performance of nasal MRSA screening for MRSA IAIs. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of nasal MRSA screening for MRSA IAIs in critically ill adult patients.DesignThis was a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study.SettingA 14‐hospital healthcare system between January 1, 2014, and August 31, 2019.PatientsAdult patients admitted to an ICU for at least 24 h with a diagnosis code for an IAI, a nasal MRSA surveillance screen within 30 days, and an intra‐abdominal culture were eligible for inclusion.InterventionThe primary outcome was to evaluate the performance of nasal MRSA screening for MRSA IAIs by calculating the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).Measurements and Main ResultsOut of 863 patients randomly screened, a total of 192 patients were included. The study population had a mean age of 60 (SD ±15) years, and 101 (53%) patients were male. Six (3.1%) patients were positive for an MRSA IAI, of which four (66.7%) demonstrated a positive nasal MRSA screen. A total of 186 (96.8%) patients were negative for a MRSA IAI, of which 19 (10.2%) were nasal MRSA‐positive and 167 (89.8%) were nasal MRSA‐negative. Nasal MRSA screening demonstrated the following performance: accuracy 89.1% (95% CI: 83.8%–93.1%), sensitivity 66.7% (95% CI: 22.3%–95.7%), specificity 89.8% (95% CI: 84.5%–93.7%), PPV 17.4% (95% CI: 9.4%–30.0%), and NPV 98.8% (95% CI: 96.4%–99.6%). There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes, including renal replacement‐free days, ICU and hospital length of stay, and in‐hospital mortality.ConclusionsAmong critically ill adult patients with IAIs, a negative nasal MRSA screen within 30 days may help to empirically exclude MRSA as a causative pathogen.
Dissecting molecular details and functional effects of the high‐affinity copper binding site in plasminogen activator Inhibitor‐1
Authors: Chu Yuzhuo , Bucci Joel C. , Peterson Cynthia B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) is the primary inhibitor for plasminogen activators, tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA). As a unique member in the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, PAI‐1 is metastable and converts to an inactive, latent structure with a half‐life of 1–2 hr under physiological conditions. Unusual effects of metals on the rate of the latency conversion are incompletely understood. Previous work has identified two residues near the N‐terminus, H2 and H3, which reside in a high‐affinity copper‐binding site in PAI‐1 [Bucci JC, McClintock CS, Chu Y, Ware GL, McConnell KD, Emerson JP, Peterson CB (2017) J Biol Inorg Chem 22:1123–1,135]. In this study, neighboring residues, H10, E81, and H364, were tested as possible sites that participate in Cu(II) coordination at the high‐affinity site. Kinetic methods, gel sensitivity assays, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed that E81 and H364 have different roles in coordinating metal and mediating the stability of PAI‐1. H364 provides a third histidine in the metal‐coordination sphere with H2 and H3. In contrast, E81 does not appear to be required for metal ligation along with histidines; contacts made by the side‐chain carboxylate upon metal binding are perturbed and, in turn, influence dynamic fluctuations within the region encompassing helices D, E, and F and the W86 loop that are important in the pathway for the PAI‐1 latency conversion. This investigation underscores a prominent role of protein dynamics, noncovalent bonding networks and ligand binding in controlling the stability of the active form of PAI‐1.
Simple and rapid analysis of acetaminophen in human autopsy samples by vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction‐thin layer chromatography‐image analysis
Authors: Jain Rajeev , Kumari Aparna , Khatri Indu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the present work, we describe a simple, rapid, cost‐effective, environmentally friendly and high‐sample‐throughput analytical method based on coupling vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with thin layer chromatography analysis for quantitative determination of acetaminophen in whole human blood and tissues of stomach and liver. Followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, 20 μL of sedimented phase (chloroform) was spotted on a thin layer chromatography plate and developed with mobile phase of chloroform: acetone (8:2, v/v). The developed plate was photographed under ultraviolet chamber at 254 nm and the image was processed for quantification of spots using freely available ImageJ software. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be in the range of 7.74–8.33 and 23.4–25.2 μg/spot, respectively. The method was found to be linear in the range of 30–300 μg/spot with a coefficient of determination of 0.996 and 0.998 in blood and tissue, respectively. The developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of acetaminophen in autopsy samples from a case of acetaminophen overdose. The method does not require any sophisticated high‐end instrumentation and can be routinely applied for determination of acetaminophen in complex biological samples in resource‐limited laboratories.
Resolving modular flow: a toolkit for free fermions
Authors: Erdmenger Johanna , Fries Pascal , Reyes Ignacio A. , Simon Christian P. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modular flow is a symmetry of the algebra of observables associated to space-time regions. Being closely related to entanglement, it has played a key role in recent connections between information theory, QFT and gravity. However, little is known about its action beyond highly symmetric cases. The key idea of this work is to introduce a new formula for modular flows for free chiral fermions in 1 + 1 dimensions, working directly from the resolvent, a standard technique in complex analysis. We present novel results — not fixed by conformal symmetry — for disjoint regions on the plane, cylinder and torus. Depending on temperature and boundary conditions, these display different behaviour ranging from purely local to non-local in relation to the mixing of operators at spacelike separation. We find the modular two-point function, whose analytic structure is in precise agreement with the KMS condition that governs modular evolution. Our ready-to-use formulae may provide new ingredients to explore the connection between spacetime and entanglement.
Correction to: Gas turbine computational flow and structure analysis with isogeometric discretization and a complex-geometry mesh generation method
Authors: Bazilevs Yuri , Takizawa Kenji , Wu Michael C. H. , Kuraishi Takashi , Avsar Reha , Xu Zhaojing , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: December 2020

An earlier version of this article included a number of typesetting mistakes. These were corrected on October 16, 2020. The publisher apologizes for the errors made during production. The symbol “Λn” was incorrectly published as “Γn” in equations 46 and 47. The correct equations are provided in this correction.
Kasuistik: Management eines limbalen Carcinoma in situ der Bindehaut
Authors: Brinkmann Max , Grisanti Salvatore , Fleischer Mariella , Mohi Armin 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Carcinoma in situ (CIS) der Bindehaut stellt einen der häufigsten okulären Tumoren dar. Neben der klassischen chirurgischen Therapie besteht die Möglichkeit der Anwendung von Chemotherapeutika adjuvant oder als Monotherapie. Wir behandelten einen Patienten mit einem limbalen CIS ausschließlich konservativ mittels Applikation von Mitomycin(MMC)-Augentropfen. Drei Monate nach Abschluss zeigte sich kein Hinweis auf Dysplasien oder Malignität, und auch nach 12 Monaten ergab sich kein klinischer Hinweis auf ein Rezidiv. Bei der Therapie steht zwar weiterhin die chirurgische Sanierung im Vordergrund, in den letzten 15 Jahren zeigt sich jedoch ein Trend zu topischen Chemotherapeutika primär oder adjuvant bei einer Resektion nicht im Gesunden. Das Nebenwirkungspotenzial sowie der infrastrukturelle Aufwand sollten dabei stets berücksichtigt werden.
Nation-state attacks: the escalating menace
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve 
Published: December 2020

Cyber attacks by nation states, or groups acting on their behalf, are as old as hacking itself. The cyber realm quickly established itself as a natural extension of intelligence operations and even replaced old-school spying in many cases. Increasingly it is also seen as an integrated part of, and most likely a precursor to, conventional military operations. But what does this mean for enterprises, big and small? As Dave Klein, senior director of cybersec engineering & architecture at Guardicore, explains in this interview, even if you think your business is an unlikely target for such attacks, you could be at risk. Cyber attacks by nation states, or groups acting on their behalf, are as old as hacking itself. The cyber realm quickly established itself as a natural extension of intelligence operations. Increasingly it is also seen as an integrated part of conventional military operations. But what does this mean for enterprises, big and small? As Dave Klein of Guardicore explains in this interview, even if you think your business is an unlikely target for such attacks, you could be at risk.