bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the pleura: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhao Ruizhi , Wang Jianyang , Zhang Hongtu , Chi Yihebali , Bi Nan 
Published: August 2020

High‐grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (HGMS) is a rare cancer that has high recurrence and metastatic rates. Here, we report the first case of HGMS originating from the pleura. Based on the findings of pleural biopsy, pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining, grade III myofibroblastic sarcoma (MS) was diagnosed. The patient underwent eight cycles of chemotherapy (epirubicin and ifosfamide), followed by radiotherapy. As of May 2020, the patient had been followed for six months and no tumor progression had occurred.Key pointsThis is the first report of high‐grade myofibroblastic sarcoma originating from the pleura. The patient was treated via nonsurgical strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Dominant atopy risk mutations identified by mouse forward genetic analysis
Authors: SoRelle Jeffrey A. , Chen Zhe , Wang Jianhui , Yue Tao , Choi Jin Huk , Wang Kuan‐wen , Zhong Xue , Hildebrand Sara , Russell Jamie , Scott Lindsay , Xu Darui , Zhan Xiaowei , Bu Chun Hui , Wang Tao , Choi Mihwa , Tang Miao , Ludwig Sara , Zhan Xiaoming , Li Xiaohong , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtopy, the overall tendency to become sensitized to an allergen, is heritable but seldom ascribed to mutations within specific genes. Atopic individuals develop abnormally elevated IgE responses to immunization with potential allergens. To gain insight into the genetic causes of atopy, we carried out a forward genetic screen for atopy in mice.MethodsWe screened mice carrying homozygous and heterozygous N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU)–induced germline mutations for aberrant antigen‐specific IgE and IgG1 production in response to immunization with the model allergen papain. Candidate genes were validated by independent gene mutation.ResultsOf 31 candidate genes selected for investigation, the effects of mutations in 23 genes on papain‐specific IgE or IgG1 were verified. Among the 20 verified genes influencing the IgE response, eight were necessary for the response, while 12 repressed IgE. Nine genes were not previously implicated in the IgE response. Fifteen genes encoded proteins contributing to IgE class switch recombination or B‐cell receptor signaling. The precise roles of the five remaining genes (Flcn, Map1lc3b, Me2, Prkd2, and Scarb2) remain to be determined. Loss‐of‐function mutations in nine of the 12 genes limiting the IgE response were dominant or semi‐dominant for the IgE phenotype but did not cause immunodeficiency in the heterozygous state. Using damaging allele frequencies for the corresponding human genes and in silico simulations (Monte Carlo) of undiscovered atopy mutations, we estimated the percentage of humans with heterozygous atopy risk mutations.ConclusionsUp to 37% of individuals may be heterozygous carriers for at least one dominant atopy risk mutation.
Associations of novel inflammatory markers with long‐term outcomes and recurrence of diverticulitis
Authors: Zager Yaniv , Horesh Nir , Dan Assaf , Aharoni Mor , Khalilieh Saed , Cordoba Mordehay , Nevler Avinoam , Gutman Mordechai , Rosin Danny 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have emerged as markers of various outcomes of inflammatory and malignant diseases. The association of those markers with short‐term outcomes of acute diverticulitis has been discussed in recent studies. This study aimed at evaluation of the association of NLR and PLR with long‐term outcomes in patients presenting with acute diverticulitis.MethodsA retrospective single institute study included patients admitted with acute diverticulitis between 2012 and 2016. Associations were analysed of NLR and PLR values at admission with patient outcomes.ResultsA total of 456 patients were included in the study. High NLR and PLR values were associated with complicated disease (P < 0.01 for both). Among patients with complicated diverticulitis, for those with high NLR, the interval to a recurrent episode of acute diverticulitis was shorter (68.3 days versus 83.7 days, P = 0.044). Patients with high NLR had higher mean number of readmissions (0.54 versus 0.34, P = 0.035). High NLR (10.06 ± 11.23 versus 7.6 ± 8.04, P = 0.012) and PLR (9.64 days ±10.56 versus 7.47 days ±8.225, P = 0.018) were associated with longer cumulative hospital stay due to acute diverticulitis.ConclusionsHigh NLR and PLR values were associated with recurrence in acute diverticulitis in terms of shorter interval between recurrent episodes and longer cumulative hospitalization days.
Cytokines in abdominal exudate and serum predict small bowel obstruction following appendectomy
Authors: Ding Hui , Li Hongbo , Yu Hualong , Zhang Wenwei , Li Siyuan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the value of inflammatory markers for the prediction of small bowel obstruction (SBO) following appendectomy.MethodsWe included cases of acute appendicitis that underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in the Qingdao Municipal Hospital between January 2017 and January 2019. The cases were divided into an SBO group and a non‐SBO group depending on whether patients had or did not have SBO, and patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6 and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) in abdominal exudate and venous blood were examined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAfter 1 year of follow‐up, there were 985 cases in the non‐SBO group and 16 cases in the SBO group. The levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in abdominal exudate on post‐operative day 1 in the SBO group were 172.5 ± 14.7, 2167.3 ± 372.1 and 253.9 ± 12.9 pg/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the non‐SBO group. The serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in the SBO group were significantly higher than that in the non‐SBO group before surgery. Post‐operatively, the inflammatory markers above decreased significantly and became similar with time in both groups. The logistic regression showed that the levels of peritoneal IL‐6, preoperative serum CRP and perforated appendicitis were significant risk factors of SBO. The specificity and sensitivity of peritoneal IL‐6 were 0.81 and 0.921, respectively.ConclusionThe IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α and CRP in serum and abdominal exudate played an important role in SBO after LA. The peritoneal IL‐6 was the most reliable prediction marker for SBO.
Visits at the primary clinic do not reduce ketoacidosis rates at presentation in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yona Assaf , Haim Alon , Friger Michael , Chechik Tzila Gartzia , Loewenthal Neta , Hershkovitz Eli 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe rate of diabetic ketoacidosis at time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes remains high. We examined whether visits to a primary care clinic up to a month prior to diagnosis of new onset diabetes affected ketoacidosis rates.MethodsRetrospective chart review of children who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014. Data collection included demographics, age at diagnosis, number of visits to the primary care clinic during the month prior the diagnosis, relevance to diabetes and outcome of those visits and the presence of ketoacidosis at diagnosis. We examined the relationship between the rate of ketoacidosis at diagnosis and the number of visits in the clinic, and to the demographic characteristics.ResultsOf 159 patients, 115 visited their clinic in the month prior to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. The rate of ketoacidosis at diagnosis was similar between those who visited the clinic and those who did not (37.4% compared to 38.6%). There was no difference in ketoacidosis rates between the different ethnic and socio‐economic groups.ConclusionMedical encounters in the month prior to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes did not reduce ketoacidosis rates in children.
Within‐and among‐population differentiation of Aphaniops hormuzensis from ecologically diverse environments (Cyprinodontiformes; Aphaniidae)
Authors: Teimori Azad , Iranmanesh Niloufar , Askari Hesni Majid , Motamedi Mina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe active geology and ecological diversity in the Persian Gulf drainages create a rich source of biodiversity for the tooth‐carp fishes from which evolutionary processes can be studied. Here, we explored morphological differentiation in tooth‐carp Aphaniops hormuzensis from three ecologically diverse habitats (Khurgu sulphuric spring, Shur high‐salinity river and the urban canal) in the Hormuz riverine system, southern Iran. The evidence of sexual dimorphism was found in fish and otolith traits mainly in the Khurgu spring. The extreme conditions of the Khurgu spring could lead to the microhabitat segregation by fish individuals with different ages and spatial sexual segregation, and caused high intrapopulation differentiation in this site. However, the most diverged population belonged to the urban canal, which had more elongated pre‐ and post‐dorsal lengths, as well as a deep otolith. In sum, the observed phenotypic variations in A. hormuzensis are mainly influenced by sex‐dependent factors such as sexual dimorphism and the specific ecological condition of the Khurgu sulphuric spring (extreme sulphur‐rich habitat) and the urban canal (high food availability and hybridization event). This study provides the basic opportunity to explore the relative roles of ecological divergence and habitat differences in the morphological differentiation of A. hormuzensis.
Context and the evidence‐based paradigm: The potential for participatory research and systems thinking in oral health
Authors: Brocklehurst Paul R. , Baker Sarah R. , Langley Joe 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe implementation of research evidence to promote oral health is critical, given the intransigent and emerging challenges for policymakers at a population level. Despite this, little attention has been paid to implementation research within the evidence‐based paradigm. This is important as getting research evidence into clinical practice is not a linear path that consists of simple sequential steps. In this article, we argue that we need to consider a broader range of conceptual and methodological approaches to increase the value of information generated. This should be undertaken either in parallel with empirical and experimental designs, or in some cases, instead of. This is important if we are going to understand the complexity and contextual knowledge of the ‘system’, within which interventions are implemented. Involving key stakeholders alongside empirical and experimental designs is one helpful approach. Examples of these approaches include Patient and Public Involvement and the development of Core Outcome Sets, where the views of those that will be potentially affected by the research, are included. The use of theoretical frameworks and process evaluations alongside trials are also important, if they are fully integrated into the approach taken to address the research question. A more radical approach is using participatory designs and ‘systems thinking’. Participatory approaches include subject matter 'experts by experience’. These include patients, their families, carers, healthcare professionals, services managers, policymakers, commissioners and researchers. Participatory approaches raise important questions about who facilitates the process, when it should happen and how the diverse actors become meaningfully engaged so that their involvement is active, democratic and ongoing. We argue that the issues of control, power and language are central to this and represent a paradigmatic shift to conventional approaches. Systems thinking captures the idea that public health problems commonly involve multiple interdependent and interconnected factors, which interact with each other dynamically. This approach challenges the simplicity of the hierarchy of evidence and linear sequential logic, when it does not account for context. In contrast, systems thinking accepts complexity de novo and emphasizes the need to understand the whole system rather than its individual component parts. We conclude with the idea that participatory and systems thinking help to unpack the diverse agents that are often involved in the generation and translation of evidence into clinical dental practice. It moves our conception of research away from a simple exchange between ‘knowledge producers’ and ‘knowledge users’ and raises both methodological and epistemological challenges.
Higher prevalence of metabolic disorders in patients with bilateral primary aldosteronism than unilateral primary aldosteronism
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Luo Qin , Tuersun Tilakezi , Wang Guoliang , Wu Ting , Zhang Delian , Wang Menghui , Zhou Keming , Sun Le , Yue Na , Li Nanfang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a frequent clinical condition in hypertension patients and is more frequently reported in primary aldosteronism (PA). This study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of MetS and its components in the two major types of patients with adrenal venous sampling (AVS)‐confirmed unilateral PA and bilateral PA.Design and patientsThis was a retrospective cross‐section study. We analysed metabolic parameters from 169 PA patients subtyped by AVS, including 85 unilateral PA patients and 84 bilateral PA patients, and we also included 169 non‐PA patients matched for age and sex.ResultsPatients with unilateral PA had higher concentrations of aldosterone and lower serum potassium than patients with bilateral PA. However, patients with bilateral PA had higher prevalence of MetS (79.8% vs 64.7%, P = .029), obesity (40.5% vs 24.7%, P = .029), dyslipidemia (72.6% vs 55.3%, P = .019) and hyperglycaemia (29.8% vs 16.5%, P = .040) than those with unilateral PA. Meanwhile, bilateral PA had higher BMI (27.55 ± 4.58 vs 25.57 ± 3.28 kg/m2, P = .001), waist circumference (98.54 ± 11.44 vs 93.32 ± 10.64 cm, P = .003) and fasting plasma glucose (4.98 ± 1.16 vs 4.64 ± 0.93 mmol/L, P = .034). The logistic regression analysis also showed that bilateral PA was associated with the presence of MetS after adjustment for age, sex and duration of hypertension.ConclusionsPatients with bilateral PA have a higher prevalence of MetS than those with unilateral PA, despite unilateral PA patients exhibiting higher concentrations of aldosterone and lower serum potassium, suggesting that unilateral PA and bilateral PA may have differing mechanisms of MetS.
Novel use of the Bakri balloon to minimize empty pelvis syndrome following laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration
Authors: Bankar S. , Desouza A. , Paliwal V. , Pandey D. , Gori J. , Sukumar V. , Rohila J. , Saklani A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimPelvic exenteration is the only surgical option for locally advanced pelvic malignancies infiltrating the surrounding organs. The resultant pelvic void after the procedure is responsible for a number of complications, collectively termed empty pelvis syndrome (EPS). We aim to show how EPS can be minimized by presenting a case series demonstrating the surgical technique of laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration with bilateral pelvic node dissection along with a novel use of the Bakri balloon.MethodThis is a case series of three successive patients undergoing laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration for locally advanced primary, nonmetastatic rectal adenocarcinoma over a period of 1 month in a specialized colorectal unit at a tertiary cancer centre. The Bakri balloon was deployed in all three patients and retained for variable time intervals postoperatively. Features of EPS were prospectively documented.ResultsIn the first patient, the Bakri balloon was completely deflated and removed on postoperative day (POD) 5. The patient developed subacute intestinal obstruction which resolved with conservative management by POD 12. In the second and third patients, the Bakri balloon was deflated in a sequential manner, beginning on POD 8, until it was finally removed on POD 11. Neither of these patients had any abdominal complaints. A postoperative CT scan of both these patients showed the small bowel loops clearly above the pelvic inlet.ConclusionsThe Bakri balloon is a simple, safe and cost‐effective method to reduce the complications of EPS following laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration. A prospective study is ongoing to objectively quantify the benefits of this technique.
The Role of Social Network Structure in the Emergence of Linguistic Structure
Authors: Raviv Limor , Meyer Antje , Lev‐Ari Shiri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial network structure has been argued to shape the structure of languages, as well as affect the spread of innovations and the formation of conventions in the community. Specifically, theoretical and computational models of language change predict that sparsely connected communities develop more systematic languages, while tightly knit communities can maintain high levels of linguistic complexity and variability. However, the role of social network structure in the cultural evolution of languages has never been tested experimentally. Here, we present results from a behavioral group communication study, in which we examined the formation of new languages created in the lab by micro‐societies that varied in their network structure. We contrasted three types of social networks: fully connected, small‐world, and scale‐free. We examined the artificial languages created by these different networks with respect to their linguistic structure, communicative success, stability, and convergence. Results did not reveal any effect of network structure for any measure, with all languages becoming similarly more systematic, more accurate, more stable, and more shared over time. At the same time, small‐world networks showed the greatest variation in their convergence, stabilization, and emerging structure patterns, indicating that network structure can influence the community's susceptibility to random linguistic changes (i.e., drift).
Heart transplantation ten‐year follow‐ups: Deformation differentiation comparison of myocardial performance in left ventricle and right ventricle
Authors: Ran Hong , Zhang Ping‐Yang , Wan Lin‐Lin , Ma Xiao‐Wu , Dong Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe try to investigate whether the values of three‐dimensional principal longitudinal strain present differently between the left and right ventricles in patients with long‐time follow‐ups after heart transplantation (HTx).Methods and resultsTransthoracic echocardiography with three‐dimensional speckle tracking was performed at one‐, five‐ and ten‐year follow‐ups in 62 “healthy” HTx patients together with routine echocardiographic evaluation in 32 control group (CG) individuals. Longitudinal strain was applied in all subjects assessing without myocardium wall motion abnormality. Firstly, left ventricular ejection fraction preserved in HTx and had no significant difference in comparison with the controls (p > .05). 3D measurement showed obvious reduction in global (%: CG: −20.5 ± 3.5 vs. HT1y: −13.7 ± 4.6, HT5y: −14.4 ± 4.5, HT10y: −14.6 ± 4.7. p < .01) and horizontal segmental (basal, mid, apical, CG vs. HTx: all p < .01) strain values of the left compared HTx with control subjects. Secondly, tissue Doppler imaging s' velocity and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion reduced in HTx as compared to the controls in right ventricle (p < .01). Longitudinal strain presented a more distinctive reduction in global (%: CG: −24.5 ± 4.6 vs. HT1y:‐14.8 ± 7.5, HT5y: −15.5 ± 6.4, HT10y: −15.9 ± 6.8. p < .01) and horizontal segmental (basal, mid, apical, CG vs. HTx: all p < .01) average values of the right compared HTx with control subjects. Thirdly, there weren't any significant changes between one‐, five‐ and ten‐year of all the values with HTx inter‐group comparison in both the left and right ventricles (p > .05). Fourthly, the global and segmental strain of the right ventricle decreased more than that of the left ventricle in all HTx groups, with the global decreased differentiation rates of 7%, 7%, 6%, respectively.ConclusionsCompared HTx with control subjects in both ventricles, conventional evaluation showed preserved or decreased functions in the left and right separately. Myocardial function evaluating by 3D longitudinal strain reduced after HTx, but the deformation of the right ventricle reduced more than those of the left ventricle. Additionally, 3D strain values almost remained with stable decreased differentiation rates during the long‐time follow‐ups.
Cytological features and nuclear scores: Diagnostic tools in preoperative fine needle aspiration of indeterminate thyroid nodules with RAS or BRAF K601E mutations?
Authors: Ravella Lucie , Lopez Jonathan , Descotes Françoise , Giai Joris , Lapras Véronique , Denier Marie‐Laure , Borson‐Chazot Françoise , Lifante Jean‐Christophe , Decaussin‐Petrucci Myriam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe cytological diagnosis of follicular‐patterned thyroid lesions is challenging, especially since the World Health Organisation classification has recognised non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like features. These entities are often classified as indeterminate on cytology. Molecular testing has been proposed to help classify indeterminate nodules. RAS and K601E BRAF mutations are mostly encountered in follicular‐patterned lesions, but their diagnostic value is not well established. Nuclear scores have also been proposed to help classify indeterminate lesions.ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between cytological features and histology and to assess nuclear scores in a series of indeterminate RAS or BRAF K601E positive thyroid nodules.MethodsThe cytological parameters of 69 indeterminate RAS or BRAF K601E‐positive thyroid nodules were evaluated. The Strickland and Maletta scores and a new nuclear score were assessed. Diagnosis of malignant, benign or indolent neoplasms was confirmed in each case by histology. Malignant and indolent nodules were considered surgical nodules, and adenomas non‐surgical nodule.ResultsSurgical nodules were associated with the presence of ground glass nuclei (P = .001), grooves (P < .001) or irregular nuclear membranes (P = .01) on cytology. Nuclear scores were more often ≥2 in surgical nodules compared to benign ones (P < .001), with high sensitivity, but a low negative predictive value.ConclusionsAnalysis of nuclear features is useful to distinguish non‐surgical from surgical nodules in indeterminate FNAs. Although nuclear scores are not ideal rule‐out tests for indeterminate RAS or BRAF K601E positive nodules, they seem useful to screen non‐molecular tested or non‐mutated indeterminate FNAs. This work shows that meticulous analysis of nuclear features on cytological specimens can be useful to distinguish non‐surgical nodules (adenoma) from surgical nodules in indeterminate FNAs. Although nuclear scores are not rule‐out tests for indeterminate RAS or BRAF K601E positive nodules, they are useful in screening non‐molecular tested or non‐mutated indeterminate FNAs for surgery.