bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rac2 Regulates the Migration of T Lymphoid Progenitors to the Thymus during Zebrafish Embryogenesis
Authors: Lu Xinyan , Zhang Yuanlin , Liu Feng , Wang Lu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The caudal hematopoietic tissue in zebrafish, the equivalent to the fetal liver in mammals, is an intermediate hematopoietic niche for the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells before homing to the thymus and kidney marrow. As one of the ultimate hematopoietic organs, the thymus sustains T lymphopoiesis, which is essential for adaptive immune system. However, the mechanism of prethymic T lymphoid progenitors migrating to the thymus remains elusive. In this study, we identify an Rho GTPase Rac2 as a modulator of T lymphoid progenitor homing to the thymus in zebrafish. rac2-Deficient embryos show the inability of T lymphoid progenitors homing to the thymus because of defective cell–autonomous motility. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Rac2 regulates homing of T lymphoid progenitor through Pak1-mediated AKT pathway. Taken together, our work reveals an important function of Rac2 in directing T lymphoid progenitor migration to the thymus during zebrafish embryogenesis.
A Defect in Thymic Tolerance Causes T Cell–Mediated Autoimmunity in a Murine Model of COPA Syndrome
Authors: Deng Zimu , Law Christopher S. , Ho Frances O. , Wang Kristin M. , Jones Kirk D. , Shin Jeoung-Sook , Shum Anthony K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
COPA syndrome is a recently described Mendelian autoimmune disorder caused by missense mutations in the coatomer protein complex subunit α (COPA) gene. Patients with COPA syndrome develop arthritis and lung disease that presents as pulmonary hemorrhage or interstitial lung disease (ILD). Immunosuppressive medications can stabilize the disease, but many patients develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis, which requires life-saving measures, such as lung transplantation. Because very little is understood about the pathogenesis of COPA syndrome, it has been difficult to devise effective treatments for patients. To date, it remains unknown which cell types are critical for mediating the disease as well as the mechanisms that lead to autoimmunity. To explore these issues, we generated a CopaE241K/+ germline knock-in mouse bearing one of the same Copa missense mutations in patients. Mutant mice spontaneously developed ILD that mirrors lung pathology in patients, as well as elevations of activated cytokine-secreting T cells. In this study, we show that mutant Copa in epithelial cells of the thymus impairs the thymic selection of T cells and results in both an increase in autoreactive T cells and decrease in regulatory T cells in peripheral tissues. We demonstrate that T cells from CopaE241K/+ mice are pathogenic and cause ILD through adoptive transfer experiments. In conclusion, to our knowledge, we establish a new mouse model of COPA syndrome to identify a previously unknown function for Copa in thymocyte selection and demonstrate that a defect in central tolerance is a putative mechanism by which COPA mutations lead to autoimmunity in patients.
Étude des propriétés physico-mécaniques d’un béton hydraulique contenant des cendres de coques d’anacarde de tailles micrométriques et nanométriques substituant partiellement le ciment
Authors: Anagonou Augias , Godjo Thierry , Songmene Victor , Tankpinou Yvette 
Published: March 2020

The use of waste as an alternative resource is an approach to reduce pressure on natural resources, as well as the environmental iMPacts associated with waste disposal, if recycling is conducted under environmentally friendly conditions. The objective of this study is to determine the conditions for incorporating pyrolysis ash from cashew nuts shells into concrete as a partial replacement for cement. The ashes used were collected from Afonkanta Benin Cashew, one of the plants that processes cashew nuts into almonds. The various ash additions replace the amount of cement added to the concrete, gradually in proportions of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % ash. The related physico-mechanical characteristics, namely compressive strength, tensile strength, hydraulic conductivity and subsidence of the concrete over time, have been determined. The physico-mechanical results show that the best characteristics of the hydraulic mixture were obtained with the proportion of 15 % of ash. Indeed, a hydraulic concrete mixture of 15 % ash at 28 days of maturity gives a compressive strength of 51.83 N/mm2, a tensile strength of 13.65 N/mm2, a low hydraulic conductivity value of 3.48 10-17m/s. There is also an average subsidence of 3 mm.
L’utilisation de déchets comme ressources alternatives est une approche permettant de réduire les pressions sur les ressources naturelles ainsi que les iMPacts environnementaux liés à l’élimination des déchets, si le recyclage est conduit dans des conditions respectueuses de l’environnement. L’objectif de la présente étude est de déterminer les conditions d’incorporation de cendres de coques d’anacarde en substitution partielle du ciment dans le béton. Les cendres utilisées sont issues des coques d’anacarde collectées à Afonkanta Benin Cashew, une des usines de transformation des noix d’anacarde en amande. Les différents ajouts de cendre se substituent graduellement, à la quantité de ciment additionné au béton, à des proportions de 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % et 25 % de cendres. Les caractéristiques physico-mécaniques y afférant, à savoir la résistance à la compression, la résistance à la traction, la conductivité hydraulique et l’affaissement du béton dans le temps, ont été déterminées. Les résultats physico-mécaniques montrent que les meilleures caractéristiques du mélange hydraulique ont été obtenues à la proportion de 15 % de cendre. En effet, un mélange de béton hydraulique de 15 % de cendre à 28 jours de maturité donne une résistance à la compression de 51,83 N/mm2, une résistance à la traction de 13,65 N/mm2 et une faible valeur de conductivité hydraulique de 3,48 10-17 m/s. Il est aussi observé un affaissement moyen de 3 mm.
BESS-STAIR: a framework to estimate daily, 30 m, and all-weather crop evapotranspiration using multi-source satellite data for the US Corn Belt
Authors: Jiang Chongya , Guan Kaiyu , Pan Ming , Ryu Youngryel , Peng Bin , Wang Sibo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. With increasing crop water demands and drought threats, mapping and
monitoring of cropland evapotranspiration (ET) at high spatial and temporal
resolutions become increasingly critical for water management and
sustainability. However, estimating ET from satellites for precise water
resource management is still challenging due to the limitations in both
existing ET models and satellite input data. Specifically, the process of ET
is complex and difficult to model, and existing satellite remote-sensing data
could not fulfill high resolutions in both space and time. To address the
above two issues, this study presents a new high spatiotemporal resolution ET
mapping framework, i.e., BESS-STAIR, which integrates a satellite-driven
water–carbon–energy coupled biophysical model, BESS (Breathing Earth System
Simulator), with a generic and fully automated fusion algorithm, STAIR
(SaTallite dAta IntegRation). In this framework, STAIR provides daily 30 m
multispectral surface reflectance by fusing Landsat and MODIS satellite data
to derive a fine-resolution leaf area index and visible/near-infrared albedo,
all of which, along with coarse-resolution meteorological and CO2
data, are used to drive BESS to estimate gap-free 30 m resolution daily ET.
We applied BESS-STAIR from 2000 through 2017 in six areas across the US Corn
Belt and validated BESS-STAIR ET estimations using flux-tower measurements
over 12 sites (85 site years). Results showed that BESS-STAIR daily ET
achieved an overall R2=0.75, with root mean square error RMSE =0.93 mm d−1 and relative error RE =27.9 % when benchmarked
with the flux measurements. In addition, BESS-STAIR ET estimations captured
the spatial patterns, seasonal cycles, and interannual dynamics well in
different sub-regions. The high performance of the BESS-STAIR framework
primarily resulted from (1) the implementation of coupled constraints on
water, carbon, and energy in BESS, (2) high-quality daily 30 m data from the
STAIR fusion algorithm, and (3) BESS's applicability under all-sky
conditions. BESS-STAIR is calibration-free and has great potentials to be a
reliable tool for water resource management and precision agriculture
applications for the US Corn Belt and even worldwide given the global
coverage of its input data.
Model-based analysis of constructional steel structures exemplified by dimensional checking on railway car shells using 3D scanning
Authors: Jurdeczka Uwe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The analysis of constructional steel structures (such as car shells for rail vehicles) in terms of
dimensional checking according to DIN 25043-2:2012 (presented here) and completeness checking (investigated in Jurdeczka, 2017)
represents a challenge because of the dimensions of the test object (20m×3m×3m) and because of the number of mounted parts
(several hundred). As presented here and in former publications, the use of 3D scanners allows us to obtain sufficiently comprehensive information about the actual
configuration (dimensions and completeness) of the constructional steel structure to be checked. By using an adapted algorithm, the respective 3D
model as the target state is superimposed with difference images. These difference images show possible dimensional deviations as well as possible missing parts or, at the least, suspect points. For dimensional
checking, there are advantages in the inspection process. In addition, a detailed image can be obtained, which can be used for later evaluations.
Brief communication: Ad hoc estimation of glacier contributions to sea-level rise from the latest glaciological observations
Authors: Zemp Michael , Huss Matthias , Eckert Nicolas , Thibert Emmanuel , Paul Frank , Nussbaumer Samuel U. , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Comprehensive assessments of global glacier mass changes based on a variety
of observations and prevailing methodologies have been published at
multi-annual intervals. For the years in between, the glaciological method
provides annual observations of specific mass changes but is suspected to
not be representative at the regional to global scales due to uneven glacier
distribution with respect to the full sample. Here, we present a simple
approach to estimate and correct for this bias in the glaciological sample
and, hence, to provide an ad hoc estimate of global glacier mass changes and
corresponding sea-level equivalents for the latest years, i.e. about -300±250 Gt in 2016/17 and -500±200 Gt in 2017/18.
L’enfant à naître : dispositifs de
contrôle dès que la vie paraît
Authors: Gagnon Raymonde 
Published: March 2020

Cadre de la recherche : L’article met en
lumière l’influence des technologies et de la médicalisation, dès la vie
utérine, sur les femmes ayant une grossesse dite normale.
Objectifs : L’objectif est de démontrer
comment le politique, les institutions et la société mettent en place des
dispositifs permettant d’assurer un contrôle sur le fœtus à travers le corps de
la mère et comment ceux-ci modifient le rapport à la grossesse et le
développement de la relation anténatale.
Méthodologie : Une recherche qualitative
avec une approche phénoménologique contextualisée a permis de recueillir les
propos de vingt-cinq primipares québécoises sur leur expérience lors de la
grossesse et après la naissance de l’enfant. L’analyse a été conduite dans une
perspective socio-anthropologique.
Résultats : Les témoignages convergent
inévitablement vers les dispositifs de contrôle mis en place autour de la
procréation et de l’enfant à naître. La femme enceinte est ainsi invitée à se
conformer à de nouvelles normes sociales et médicales par le biais de programmes
gouvernementaux et d’un suivi de grossesse standardisé. Le pouvoir s’exerce de
manière diffuse en faisant appel à sa responsabilisation face à la prise de
bonnes décisions pour produire un enfant en santé. L’anticipation du risque et
la technologie occupent une place prégnante sur le vécu des parents et il est
difficile pour eux de s’y soustraire.
Conclusions : Les dispositifs de
surveillance et de contrôle sur la vie anténatale ne cessent de croître et le
développement de la technologie, avec la gamme de nouveaux dépistages
génétiques, laisse entrevoir des conséquences importantes sur la signification
de la  « normalité » et l’acceptabilité des naissances hors standards.
Contribution : Cet article contribue à
montrer les effets des nouvelles technologies sur l’anticipation de l’enfant et
les débuts de la grossesse ainsi qu’à constater la progression de la temporalité
anténatale induite par la précocité des tests de grossesse.
D
esulfobulbaceae
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.bul.ba.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfobulbus,
type genus of the family; suff. ‐
aceae,
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfobulbaceae,
the family of
Desulfobulbus
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfobulbaceae

Cells are oval‐ to lemon‐shaped rods which occur singly, or in pairs. Sometimes chains are observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Motility varies depending on the species. Strict anaerobes with a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophic (all species) and chemolithoheterotrophic (most species). Simple organic compounds like lactate, pyruvate, propionate, and alcohols are incompletely oxidized to acetate. H
2
and formate are only used in the presence of acetate. The common electron acceptor is sulfate, which is reduced to sulfide. In addition, sulfite and thiosulfate are used. Some species can reduce nitrate to ammonia. A few members grow by disproportionation of reduced sulfur compounds. Mesophilic. Neutrophilic (most species) and obligately alkaliphilic (one species). The major menaquinone is MK‐5(H
2
). Desulfoviridin is not present. Most species contain desulforubidin and cytochromes of the
c
type. The family currently accommodates the genera
Desulfobulbus
and
Desulfogranum
. Members of the family are found in sediments of freshwater, brackish water and marine habitats, soda lake sediments, sewage sludge, and oral cavities of animals and humans.

DNA G + C content (mol%):
45.8–61.7 (genome, LC).

Type genus
:
Desulfobulbus
Widdel 1980, VL7.
D
esulfallaceae

fam. nov.
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sulf.al.la.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Desulfallas
type genus of the family; suff.
‐aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfallaceae
the family of
Desulfallas
.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales /
Desulfallaceae
fam. nov.

The family currently accommodates four genera,
Desulfallas, Desulfoscipio,
Desulfotruncus
and
Sporotomaculum
. Cells are straight or slightly curved rods.
Desulfallas
and
Desulfoscipio
species are Gram‐staining‐negative. Gram‐staining reaction is variable in
Desulfotruncus
species. Spherical spores occur central or subterminal of cells. Nonmotile or motile by means of flagella.
Desulfallas, Desulfoscipio
and
Desulfotruncus
species are Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Sporotomaculum species are fermentative with the incapacity of utilization of inorganic electron acceptors. Thermophilic or mesophilic. Neutrophilic. NaCl is not essential for growth. Chemoorganoheterotrophic growth occurs using organic acids, alcohols, short to long‐chain fatty acids. Chemolithoautotrophic growth with H
2
and CO
2
. Substrates are completely oxidized to CO
2
. Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate are electron acceptors and reduced to H
2
S. Grows fermentatively on organic acids. Desulfoviridin is absent. The major cellular fatty acids are C
16:0
, iso‐C
15:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
, C
16:1
c
9, iso‐C
17:1
ω10
c
. Major menaquinone is MK‐7. Type genus is
Desulfallas
. The type strain of the genus
Desulfallas
was isolated from gasoline‐contaminated soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48–54.8 (LC,
T
m
, BD); 45.5–49.9 (genome).

Type genus
:
Desulfallas
Watanabe et al. 2018
VP
.
D
esulfovirgula
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sul.fo.vir'gu.la. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
virgula
twig or rod; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfovirgula
a rod that reduces sulfur compounds.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfofundulaceae / Desulfovirgula

Cells are rod‐shaped. Gram‐stain‐positive. Spherical spores occur central or subterminal of cells causing swelling of cells. Motile with two or more flagella. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory type of metabolism. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is not required for growth. Chemolithoautotroph or chemoorganoheterotroph using organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids (C
3
–C
7
, C
9
, C
10
, C
16
). The substrates are oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase [CO‐DH] pathway, Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) as indicated by genome data. H
2
can serve as the electron donor and CO
2
as the carbon source. Sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur are used as electron acceptors; nitrate, nitrite, and Fe(III) are not utilized. Grows fermentatively on organic acids. Major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, and C
16:0
. Major menaquinone is MK‐7. The cell wall contained
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid. Found in a geothermally active underground mine in Japan.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 60.1 (LC); 61.3 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfovirgula thermocuniculi
Kaksonen et al. 2007
VP
.
D
esulfallas
Authors: Watanabe Miho , Fukui Manabu , Kuever Jan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

De.sulf.al'las. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; Gr. masc. n.
allas
sausage; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfallas
sulfate‐reducing sausage.

Desulfotomaculota (Firmicutes_B) / Desulfotomaculia / Desulfotomaculales / Desulfallaceae / Desulfallas

Cells are straight rods. Gram‐stain‐negative. Spherical spores occur central to subterminal of cells. Motile. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory or fermentative type of metabolism. Mesophilic or thermophilic. Neutrophilic with optimal growth pH of 7.0–7.5. NaCl is not required for growth. Chemolithoautotroph or chemoorganoheterotroph using organic acids, fatty acids, and alcohols. Substrates are oxidized completely to CO
2
or incompletely to acids depending on the species. Vitamins are required for growth. Some species can grow autotrophically with H
2
as electron donor and CO
2
as carbon source. Sulfate, thiosulfate, and sulfite are used as electron acceptors and reduced to sulfide; nitrite and Fe (III) are not utilized. Some species grow fermentatively on organic acids. Major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, C
16:1
ω7
c
, and C
16:0
. Found in rice hulls or gasoline‐contaminated soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48–51.2 (buoyant density).

Type species:
Desulfallas sapomandens
Watanabe et al. 2018
VP
(basonym:
Desulfotomaculum sapomandens
Cord‐Ruwisch and Garcia 1985).
Immunomodulation‐Based Strategy for Improving Soft Tissue and Metal Implant Integration and Its Implications in the Development of Metal Soft Tissue Materials
Authors: Liu Runheng , Chen Shoucheng , Huang Peina , Liu Guanqi , Luo Pu , Li Zhipeng , Xiao Yin , Chen Zhuofan , Chen Zetao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe difficulties associated with metal implants and soft tissue integration have significantly affected the applications of metal implants in soft‐tissue‐related areas. Prompted by the close association between soft tissue integration and the immune response, an immunomodulation‐based strategy is proposed to manipulate the immune microenvironment and improve metal implant–soft tissue integration. Considering their vital roles in soft tissue responses to metal implants, macrophages are used and the cytokines fingerprints of M1 and M2 macrophage immune microenvironments are evaluated for their potential modulatory effects on metal implant–soft tissue integration. The modulatory effects of different immune microenvironments on model soft tissue cells (human gingival epithelium cells) cultured on model metal implants (titanium alloy disks) are then described, with the underlying possible mechanism FAK‐AKT‐mTOR signaling unveiled. As further proof of concept, IL‐4/PDA (polydopamine)‐coated titanium alloy implants, aiming at modulating M2 macrophage polarization, are prepared and found to improve the in vivo metal implant‐soft tissue integration. It is the authors' ambition that this immunomodulation‐based strategy will change the negative perception and encourage the active development of metal materials with favorable soft tissue integration properties, thus improving the success rates of perforating metal implants and broadening their application in soft‐tissue‐related areas.
Progress in Computational and Machine‐Learning Methods for Heterogeneous Small‐Molecule Activation
Authors: Gu Geun Ho , Choi Changhyeok , Lee Yeunhee , Situmorang Andres B. , Noh Juhwan , Kim Yong‐Hyun , Jung Yousung 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe chemical conversion of small molecules such as H2, H2O, O2, N2, CO2, and CH4to energy and chemicals is critical for a sustainable energy future. However, the high chemical stability of these molecules poses grand challenges to the practical implementation of these processes. In this regard, computational approaches such as density functional theory, microkinetic modeling, data science, and machine learning have guided the rational design of catalysts by elucidating mechanistic insights, identifying active sites, and predicting catalytic activity. Here, the theory and methodologies for heterogeneous catalysis and their applications for small‐molecule activation are reviewed. An overview of fundamental theory and key computational methods for designing catalysts, including the emerging data science techniques in particular, is given. Applications of these methods for finding efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the activation of the aforementioned small molecules are then surveyed. Finally, promising directions of the computational catalysis field for further outlooks are discussed, focusing on the challenges and opportunities for new methods.
Designed Growth of Large‐Size 2D Single Crystals
Authors: Liu Can , Wang Li , Qi Jiajie , Liu Kaihui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the “post‐Moore's Law” era, new materials are highly expected to bring next revolutionary technologies in electronics and optoelectronics, wherein 2D materials are considered as very promising candidates beyond bulk materials due to their superiorities of atomic thickness, excellent properties, full components, and the compatibility with the processing technologies of traditional complementary metal‐oxide semiconductors, enabling great potential in fabrication of logic, storage, optoelectronic, and photonic 2D devices with better performances than state‐of‐the‐art ones. Toward the massive applications of highly integrated 2D devices, large‐size 2D single crystals are a prerequisite for the ultimate quality of materials and extreme uniformity of properties. However, at present, it is still very challenging to grow all 2D single crystals into the wafer scale. Therefore, a systematic understanding for controlled growth of various 2D single crystals needs to be further established. Here, four key aspects are reviewed, i.e., nucleation control, growth promotion, surface engineering, and phase control, which are expected to be controllable at different periods during the growth. In addition, the perspectives on designed growth and potential applications are discussed for showing the bright future of these advanced material systems of 2D single crystals.