bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Tara Ballav , Bhattarai Harikrishna , Ranabhat Kamal , Khanal Pratik , Mishra Shiva Raj , Koirala Sweta , Pandey Sadhna , Devkota Surya , Gairhe Milan , Dhamala Bimala , Soti Pabitra Babu , Paudel Sandip , Lohani Gunaraj , Koirala Bhagawan , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R , Neupane Dinesh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Raised blood pressure (BP) is a leading risk factor for mortality globally and in Nepal. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative aimed at screening for hypertension and raising awareness on high BP worldwide. This study provides the results of the 2018 MMM (MMM18) in Nepal. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 years was carried out in May 2018 nationwide. The standard MMM protocol was followed for BP measurement, the definition of hypertension, and statistical analysis. The campaign was publicized through various social media for recruiting volunteers and inviting participation. A total of 15 561 (58.7% male) from 35 districts of Nepal were screened in MMM18, of which 4 321 (27.8%) had hypertension. A total of 2 633 (19.0%) of 13 873 individuals who were not on antihypertensive treatment were found to be hypertensive. Of those on medication, 799 (47.4%) had uncontrolled BP. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly higher in people on antihypertensive treatment, smokers, and alcohol drinkers compared with those who were not on antihypertensive treatment, smokers, and alcohol drinkers, respectively. Likewise, SBP and DBP steadily increased across increasing body mass index categories. MMM18 was the largest BP screening campaign undertaken in Nepal. MMM has highlighted the importance of a periodic public health program at the national level to increase awareness on hypertension detection and control rate, and thus, the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening in the Philippines
Authors: Castillo Rafael R , Mercado-Asis Leilani B , Atilano Alberto A , David-Ona Deborah Ignacia , Diaz Alejandro F , Granada Carmela N , Bonzon Dolores D , Vilela Gilbert C , Chua Carlos L , Gomez Lynn A , Oliva Raymond V , Morales Dante D , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R ,   on behalf of the Philippine MMM18 Investigators
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Building on the gains of May Measurement Month 2017 (MMM17), the Philippine Society of Hypertension once again took part in MMM18 to raise awareness of high blood pressure (BP) in the country and to harness opportunistic BP screening in detecting unaware hypertensive individuals and referring them for treatment. We followed the standard MMM18 protocol designed by the International Society of Hypertension, utilizing convenience sampling with volunteer investigators, taking three sitting BP measurements of volunteer adults (≥18 years). Basic data on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors were also taken. We analysed 177 176 screened individuals from the Philippines. Of these, 29.1% (51 527) had also participated in MMM17, whereas 68.8% (121 893) were new screenees; and 14.2% (25 232) had their BP taken for the first time ever. After multiple imputation, 39.0% (69 126) were hypertensive. Of these, 50.3% (34 795) were aware they were hypertensive. 49.9% (34 491) were on antihypertensive medication, 58.0% (20 010) of whom had controlled BP &lt;140/90 mmHg. Only 28.9% of all participants with hypertension had controlled BP. Systolic BPs and diastolic BPs were significantly higher in the overweight and obese, in those receiving antihypertensive medications, in patients with diabetes, and significantly lower in pregnant women. MMM18 has again shown that opportunistic BP screening, harnessing volunteers, is a pragmatic public health measure to improve awareness and treatment rates of raised BP.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening campaign results from Poland
Authors: Jankowski Piotr , Banach Maciej , Małyszko Jolanta , Mastej Mirosław , Tykarski Andrzej , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Hoffman Piotr , Nowicki Michał P , Tomasik Tomasz , Windak Adam , Olszanecka Agnieszka , Tomaszewskil Maciej , Motyl Agnieszka , Nowak Dariusz , Skowron Łukasz , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Xin Xia , Poulter Neil R , Jóźwiak Jacek 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hypertension remains the most important cardiovascular risk factor in Poland. May Measurement Month is a global initiative organized by the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of hypertension and the need for blood pressure (BP) screening and demonstrating the potential of the opportunistic BP measurements. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in 146 sites in May 2018. Blood pressure was measured in 6450 subjects (mean age: 41 ± 15 years; 59% females). After multiple imputation, the age and sex standardized systolic and diastolic BP was 126.7/78.4 mmHg in the whole analysed group, 132.8/81.3 mmHg in subjects taking antihypertensive drugs, and 125.7/78.0 mmHg in those not taking any antihypertensive drugs. After multiple imputation, the proportions of subjects with high BP (systolic ≥140 mmHg or diastolic ≥90 mmHg or on treatment for raised BP) were 22.2% in the whole analysed group, 39.2% in subjects taking antihypertensive drugs, and 18.6% those not taking any antihypertensive drugs. Overall, hypertension was present in 32.8% of participants, among them 38.7% were not aware of the disease, 53.1% were taking antihypertensive drugs, and 32.3% had BP controlled to target (&lt;140/90 mmHg). Blood pressure was increasing with increasing body mass index and alcohol intake. Smokers and project participants with diabetes had increased average BP. In conclusion, this project provides additional evidence for a considerable potential for further reduction of cardiovascular risk through improvement in detection and treatment of hypertension in Poland.
Results of May Measurement Month 2018 campaign in Venezuela
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Rafael , Duín Amanda , Octavio-Seijas José Andrés , López-Rivera Jesús , Morr Igor , Silva Egle , Gúzman-Franolic Mónica L , Costantini-Olmos Antonieta P , Marval José , Ruíz-Lugo José Félix , Vásquez Dámaso , Méndez-Amaya Nedina Coromoto , Armas-Hernández Maria J , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, mainly coronary heart disease and stroke, are the main cause of death in Venezuela; hypertension is the primary risk factor. The May Measurement Month (MMM) study is a global initiative aimed at raising awareness of elevated blood pressure (BP). The previous MMM 2017 campaign showed 48.9% of participants had hypertension, higher than previous Venezuelan epidemiological studies. The MMM 2018 campaign included 28 649 participants screened [mean age: 54.2 (SD 15.13) years; female 62.8%] carried out mainly in pharmacies in 61 sites. Physical measurements included height, weight, and BP, taken in sitting position three times. After multiple imputations, 48.4% had hypertension, of which 87.7% were aware of their diagnosis. Of the individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 14.0% had hypertension and 33.7% of those receiving treatment had uncontrolled hypertension. Overall, the percentage of hypertensives with controlled hypertension was 54.8%. Body mass index was calculated for the total population, and it was on average 25.2 (SD: 4.65) kg/m2. Of all, 14.2% was classified as obese and 32.6% as overweight; meanwhile 4.8% as underweight. Diabetes was reported by 9.5%. These results suggest that repeated screening like the MMM campaign can routinely identify hypertension and consequently implement programmes of treatment in Venezuela, also other common risk factors, like obesity or diabetes.
May Measurement Month 2018: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Taiwan
Authors: Lin Hung-Ju , Pan Heng-Yu , Beaney Thomas , Ster Anca Chis , Poulter Neil R , Chen Wen-Jone , Wang Tzung-Dau 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To raise awareness of hypertension in the general population, we have held an annual community-based nationwide campaign for blood pressure (BP) screening. The 2018 May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign in Taiwan followed a similar protocol as the 2017 MMM campaign. We recruited adults aged 20 years and older at about 800 community pharmacies across Taiwan. After a 10-min seated rest, volunteers—consisting of community pharmacists—took three BP readings using automated BP devices. The means of the 2nd and 3rd BP readings were used as the screening BP estimates. Hypertension was defined as current use of antihypertensive medications, or the screening BP of ≥140/90 mmHg. Of the 15 365 enrolled participants with a mean age of 56.8 ± 16.4 years, 53.3% were women. After imputation, we found 48.1% of the individuals had hypertension. Among participants with hypertension, 83.7% were aware, 55.0% had controlled BP, and 81.3% were medically treated, of whom 67.7% had controlled BP (&lt;140/90 mmHg). In contrast to the global results, our results showed that the participants with diabetes mellitus, prior myocardial infarction, or stroke had higher BP than those without these comorbidities. The annual campaign experience enables us to establish a feasible approach to raising awareness and to assessing the management of hypertension in the general population. Whether the regular annual BP screening campaign makes a lasting effect on hypertension-related disease burden awaits verification.
TRIM21 Is Decreased in Colitis-associated Cancer and Negatively Regulates Epithelial Carcinogenesis
Authors: Zhou Guangxi , Wu Huili , Lin Jian , Lin Ritian , Feng Baisui , Liu Zhanju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM)21 is reported to be associated with the regulation of immune response in gut mucosa. Here we studied the underlying mechanisms of TRIM21 in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer (CAC).

Methods
We analyzed TRIM21 expression in tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated cancer by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction and established a CAC model in TRIM21−∕− and wild type mice by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Associated gene expression of tumor cell proliferation, adhesion, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, and inflammatory cytokines were examined in normal colon and CAC by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
Expression of TRIM21 was found to be decreased in tumor tissues from patients with CRC and UC-associated cancer than that in controls, and TRIM21−∕− deficiency promoted AOM/DSS-induced CAC, characterized by more weight loss and multiple, large colon tumors in TRIM21−∕− mice. Moreover, associated gene expression of tumor cell proliferation (eg, Ki67), tissue remodeling and angiogenesis (eg, MMP10, HIF1-α, COX2, Ang4), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) markedly upregulated, whereas associated gene expression of tumor cell adhesion (E-cadherin) and inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-10, TGF-β, Foxp3, IFN-γ) downregulated in tumor tissues from TRIM21–/– mice compared with controls.

Conclusions
TRIM21 is decreased in colitis-associated cancer and negatively regulates intestinal epithelial carcinogenesis by modulating epithelial cell proliferation, adhesion, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, and pro-inflammatory responses. Therefore, TRIM21 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for CAC therapy.
Who Publishes Where? Exploring the Geographic Diversity of Global IR Journals
Authors: Lohaus Mathis , Wemheuer-Vogelaar Wiebke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
To what extent is International Relations (IR) a globalized discipline? We investigate the geographic diversity of authorship in seventeen IR journals from Africa, East Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and the United Kingdom. Biographical records were collected for the authors of 2,362 articles published between 2011 and 2015. To interpret the data, we discuss how publishing patterns are driven by author incentives (supply) in tandem with editorial preferences and strategies (demand). Our main findings are twofold. First, global IR is fragmented and provincial. All journals frequently publish works by authors located in their own region—but the size of these local clusters varies. Geographic diversity is highest in what we identify as the “goldilocks zone” of international publishing: English-language journals that are globally visible but not so competitive that North American authors crowd out other contributions. Second, IR is being globalized through researcher mobility. Many scholars have moved to pursue their doctoral education and then publish as expats, returnees, or part of the diaspora. They are joined by academic tourists publishing in regions to which they have no obvious ties. IR journals thus feature more diverse backgrounds than it may seem at first sight, but many of these authors were educated in North America, the United Kingdom, and Europe.
Organizing Global Supply Chains: Input-Output Linkages and Vertical Integration
Authors: Berlingieri Giuseppe , Pisch Frank , Steinwender Claudia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study how the technological importance of inputs—measured by cost shares—is related to the decision to “make” or “buy” that input. Using detailed French international trade data and an instrumental variable approach based on self-constructed input–output tables, we show that multinationals vertically integrate technologically important inputs. A stylized incomplete contracting model with both ex-ante and ex-post inefficiencies explains why: Technologically more important inputs are “made” when transaction cost economics type forces overpower property rights type forces. However, additional results show that both types of forces are needed to explain the full patterns in the data.
Transcript Assembly and Quantification by RNA-Seq Reveals Significant Differences in Gene Expression and Genetic Variants in Mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Complex
Authors: Kang David S , Kim Sungshil , Cotten Michael A , Sim Cheolho 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe taxonomy of Culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes is still debated, but in North America it is generally regarded to include Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens molestus, and Culex quinquefasciatus (or Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus). Although these mosquitoes have very similar morphometry, they each have unique life strategies specifically adapted to their ecological niche. Differences include the capability for overwintering diapause, bloodmeal preference, mating behaviors, and reliance on blood meals to produce eggs. Here, we used RNA-seq transcriptome analysis to investigate the differential gene expression and nucleotide polymorphisms that may link to the divergent traits specifically between Cx. pipiens pipiens and Cx. pipiens molestus.
Factors Affecting the Composition and Succession of Beetles in Exposed Pig Carcasses in Southern Brazil
Authors: Ries Ana Carolina R , Costa-Silva Vinícius , dos Santos Charles F , Blochtein Betina , Thyssen Patrícia J 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColeoptera is one of the largest taxon among animals and exhibits diverse eating habits. When associated with decaying corpses, beetles can be of great value in estimating the postmortem interval. In order to consolidate a useful database for the forensic field, it is necessary to study the entomological fauna associated with the carcasses in different geographical regions since the diversity of insects varies according to the biogeoclimate zone. Thus, this study aimed to assess the influence of environmental and ecological factors on the composition and succession of beetles associated with pig carcasses exposed in southern Brazil. Collections were carried out during the hot/dry and cold/wet seasons. A total of 415 specimens belonging to 18 Coleoptera families were sampled. The highest total abundance (n = 329) and diversity (n = 44 taxa) were recorded in the cold/wet season, corresponding to approximately 80% of the total sampled from the two seasons. Dermestidae (26.7%) was the family most abundantly sampled. Regarding eating habits, in an increasing order of importance were necrophagous (43.3%), predator (31.6%), and omnivorous (0.05%). In the hot/dry season, there was no faunal succession. In the cold/wet season, the succession was more associated with differences in abundance than to the presence or absence of a specific taxon by decomposition stage. Considering all the factors analyzed in the current study, three species of beetles, Dermestes maculatus DeGeer (Dermestidae), Euspilotus azureus (Sahlberg, 1823) (Histeridae), and Oxelytrum discicolle Brullé, 1840 (Silphidae), could be identified as being of the greatest forensic relevance in this biogeoclimatic zone.
Optimization of deep learning methods for visualization of tumor heterogeneity and brain tumor grading through digital pathology
Authors: Truong An Hoai , Sharmanska Viktoriia , Limbӓck-Stanic Clara , Grech-Sollars Matthew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Variations in prognosis and treatment options for gliomas are dependent on tumor grading. When tissue is available for analysis, grade is established based on histological criteria. However, histopathological diagnosis is not always reliable or straight-forward due to tumor heterogeneity, sampling error, and subjectivity, and hence there is great interobserver variability in readings.

Methods
We trained convolutional neural network models to classify digital whole-slide histopathology images from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We tested a number of optimization parameters.

Results
Data augmentation did not improve model training, while a smaller batch size helped to prevent overfitting and led to improved model performance. There was no significant difference in performance between a modular 2-class model and a single 3-class model system. The best models trained achieved a mean accuracy of 73% in classifying glioblastoma from other grades and 53% between WHO grade II and III gliomas. A visualization method was developed to convey the model output in a clinically relevant manner by overlaying color-coded predictions over the original whole-slide image.

Conclusions
Our developed visualization method reflects the clinical decision-making process by highlighting the intratumor heterogeneity and may be used in a clinical setting to aid diagnosis. Explainable artificial intelligence techniques may allow further evaluation of the model and underline areas for improvements such as biases. Due to intratumor heterogeneity, data annotation for training was imprecise, and hence performance was lower than expected. The models may be further improved by employing advanced data augmentation strategies and using more precise semiautomatic or manually labeled training data.
Menstrual phase-dependent differences in neurobehavioral performance: the role of temperature and the progesterone/estradiol ratio
Authors: Grant Leilah K , Gooley Joshua J , St Hilaire Melissa A , Rajaratnam Shantha M W , Brainard George C , Czeisler Charles A , Lockley Steven W , Rahman Shadab A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Study objectives
Women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle exhibit better cognitive performance overnight than women in the follicular phase, although the mechanism is unknown. Given the link between core body temperature (CBT) and performance, one potential mechanism is the thermoregulatory role of progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and their ratio (P4/E2), which change across the menstrual cycle. We examined the role of P4/E2 in modulating performance during extended wake in premenopausal women. Additionally, we compared the acute effects of nighttime light exposure on performance, CBT, and hormones between the menstrual phases.

Methods
Participants were studied during a 50 h constant routine and a 6.5 h monochromatic nighttime light exposure. Participants were 16 healthy, naturally cycling women (eight follicular; eight luteal). Outcome measures included reaction time, attentional failures, self-reported sleepiness, CBT, melatonin, P4, and E2.

Results
As compared to women in the luteal phase, women in the follicular phase exhibited worse performance overnight. CBT was significantly associated with performance, P4, and P4/E2 but not with other sex hormones. Sex hormones were not directly related to performance. Light exposure that suppressed melatonin improved performance in the follicular phase (n = 4 per group) to levels observed during the luteal phase and increased CBT but without concomitant changes in P4/E2.

Conclusions
Our results underscore the importance of considering menstrual phase when assessing cognitive performance during sleep loss in women and indicate that these changes are driven predominantly by CBT. Furthermore, this study shows that vulnerability to sleep loss during the follicular phase may be resolved by exposure to light.
Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) reduces the environmental impact of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus)1
Authors: Beck Matt R , Garrett Konagh , Thompson Bryan R , Stevens David R , Barrell Graham K , Gregorini Pablo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) on water dynamics and balance, as well as nitrogen (N) excretion by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) as a potential forage tool to reduce negative environmental impacts. This experiment used a crossover design with red deer (n = 8) in metabolism crates to determine how fresh-cut herbage diets of either plantain or ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) compared in terms of dry matter intake (DMI), diet digestibility, water dynamics, and N dynamics. Deer consuming plantain had greater water intake from herbage (P &lt; 0.01) compared with ryegrass. Additionally, when fed plantain, deer had greater water excretion from urine (P &lt; 0.01; 69.4%) and feces (P &lt; 0.01; 29.4%) and, thus, total water excretion (P &lt; 0.01; 61.7%) than when fed ryegrass. When consuming plantain, deer had greater DMI (P = 0.02; +11.2%) and fecal output (P &lt; 0.01; +36.8%) and lower apparent dry matter digestibility (P = 0.03; −8.3%) compared with ryegrass. Plantain (15.9%) contained 30% less crude protein than ryegrass (22.8%) so that even with the greater DMI of plantain, plantain had lower (P &lt; 0.01; −23%) N intake (g/d). Deer consuming plantain had lower urine N concentration (P &lt; 0.01) than when consuming ryegrass. Additionally, deer consuming plantain had much less daily urine N (P &lt; 0.01; −34.9%) excretions. Our results indicate deer fed plantain had greater DMI, ingested more water, and excreted more water than those consuming ryegrass, with lower urinary N (UN) concentration and lesser daily urine N excretion. Thus, we conclude that offering red deer plantain may reduce the environmental impact associated with UN output, such as nitrate leaching or N2O emissions to the atmosphere.