bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of packed cell volume versus plasma proteins on thromboelastographic variables in canine blood
Authors: Lynch Alex M. , Ruterbories Laura , Jack John , Motsinger‐Reif Alison A. , Hanel Rita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the correlation between kaolin‐activated thromboelastography (TEG) variables (R, K, angle, and maximum amplitude [MA]) and PCV, fibrinogen concentration (FC), and total fibrinogen (TF) in an ex vivo model.AnimalsTwo healthy adult mixed‐breed dogs.ProceduresCitrated whole blood was obtained and separated into packed red cells, platelet rich plasma, and platelet poor plasma (PPP). An aliquot of PPP was heated to denature heat labile proteins (fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII). Blood components were recombined for analyses of 6 physiological scenarios: anemia with low fibrinogen; anemia with moderate fibrinogen; anemia with normal fibrinogen; anemia with normal saline; normal PCV and normal fibrinogen; and normal PCV and low fibrinogen. A Kruskal–Wallis test, along with linear regressions on pairwise combinations of TEG variables, was used to determine the correlation between TEG variables and PCV, FC, and TF.ResultsMaximum amplitude correlated with FC (R20.60,P < 0.001) and TF (R20.57,P < 0.001) but not PCV (R20.003,P = 0.7). Angle and K time were moderately correlated with FC ([angle:R20.53,P < 0.001]; [K:R20.55,P < 0.001]) and TF ([alpha angle:R20.52,P < 0.001]; [K:R20.51,P < 0.001]) but not PCV. The R time was weakly correlated with PCV (R20.15,P < 0.009) but not FC or TF.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn an ex vivo model, plasma proteins but not PCV impacted TEG variables. This suggests that TEG changes noted with anemia are imparted by changes in available fibrinogen in a fixed microenvironment rather than artifact of anemia.
Gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to activated charcoal granule impaction in a dog
Authors: Farrell Kate S. , Burkitt‐Creedon Jamie M. , Osborne Laura G. , Gibson Erin A. , Massie Anna M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a serious adverse event of gastrointestinal obstruction requiring surgery following routine administration of multiple doses of activated charcoal (AC) granules, which were prescribed for carprofen toxicosis.Case SummaryA 2‐year‐old female neutered Airedale Terrier presented for ingestion of 207 mg/kg of carprofen. Decontamination was initiated with apomorphine to induce emesis. Along with additional supportive care, the dog received an initial dose of 75 mL of AC suspension containing sorbitol by mouth (15.6 g of AC, or 0.6 g/kg), followed by 50 g of AC granules every 8 hours for 4 additional doses. While hospitalized, the dog experienced clinical signs, including vomiting and black diarrhea, as well as bloodwork changes including mild to moderate elevations in kidney and liver enzymes. Given clinical improvement after 72 hours of hospitalization, the patient was discharged for monitoring and ongoing care at home. Two days later, the patient presented again for nausea, dark diarrhea with frank blood, and panting. Abdominal ultrasound showed findings suspicious for partially obstructive foreign material or atypical impacted fecal material partially occluding the distal ileum. Despite medical management overnight, recheck ultrasound the following day demonstrated persistent obstruction with ileal foreign material. Exploratory laparotomy and enterotomy revealed moderate distension and obstruction of the distal ileum with black granular foreign material consistent with charcoal granules. The patient remained in hospital for supportive care for 4 days following the procedure, and all clinical signs were resolved at the time of discharge.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis report documents a serious adverse event of gastrointestinal obstruction associated with routine multidose AC administration, which has been occasionally reported in people but not in dogs. The potential for this complication should be taken into account when prescribing multiple doses of AC granules.
Seed retention of ten common weed species at oat harvest reveals the potential for harvest weed seed control
Authors: Bitarafan Zahra , Andreasen Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe assessed the seed production and shedding pattern of 10 common weed species in two oat fields in Denmark. The aim was to evaluate the possibility of harvesting retained seeds on weeds at crop harvest by a combine harvester based on estimation of weed seed retention. Before flowering, ten plants of each weed species were selected and surrounded by a seed trap comprising of a porous net. When the plants started shedding seeds, the seeds were collected from the traps and counted weekly until oat harvest. Just before oat harvest, the retained seeds on the plants were counted and the ratio of harvestable seeds and shed seeds during the growing season was determined. The seed production and shedding patterns varied between the 2 years. Across both years, Anagallis arvensis L., Capsella bursa‐pastoris L. Medik, Chenopodium album L., Geranium molle L., Persicaria maculosa Gray, Polygonum aviculare L., Silene noctiflora L., Sonchus arvensis L., Veronica persica Poir. and Viola arvensis Murray retained on average 61.6%, 52.7%, 67.2%, 58.4%, 32.05%, 59.5%, 95.7%, 23.5%, 51.7% and 33.9%, respectively, of their produced seeds at crop harvest. Silene noctiflora was classified as a good target for harvest weed seed control; C. bursa‐pastoris, C. album, G. molle, P. maculosa, S. arvensis and V. arvensis were classified as intermediate targets; and A. arvensis, P. aviculare and V. persica were classified as poor targets.
Addressing Healthcare Professional Burnout: A Quality Improvement Intervention
Authors: Green Sarah , Markaki Adelais , Baird Jennifer , Murray Paula , Edwards Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBurnout is a substantial phenomenon across healthcare settings, affecting more than half of healthcare professionals and leading to negative patient and health system outcomes. Infusion center professionals (ICPs) are at increased risk of burnout attributed to high patient volume and acuity levels. Strategies to address burnout have been developed and prioritized by the American Medical Association (AMA), the World Health Organization, and other organizations.AimsThis quality improvement project aimed to address perceived burnout, job‐related stress, and job satisfaction among nurses, physician assistants, and medical assistants at a large pediatric hospital through integration of two infusion center (IC)‐based staff engagement interventions.MethodsA pre‐ and post‐test study design was used. Existing team huddles in the IC were modified based on the AMA STEPS Forward program recommendations to incorporate appreciative inquiry and recognition into team and department events. Peer recognition was tailored toward institutional core values. The Mini‐Z Burnout survey was administered before and 3 months after implementation of both interventions.FindingsPre‐ to post‐intervention responses revealed a higher percentage of staff reporting no burnout (57.7% vs. 75%), low levels of job‐related stress (58.8% vs. 65.5%), and satisfaction with current job (70.6% vs. 82.8%). Most participants agreed or strongly agreed that structured huddles (69%) and recognition events (82.8%) were beneficial and recommended continuation (65.5% and 82.8%, respectively). Open‐ended responses regarding workplace stressors focused heavily on staffing and patient acuity.Linking Evidence to ActionProject outcomes support the integration of tailored interventions to reduce burnout among pediatric ICPs. Organizational commitment to addressing burnout can provide incentive to scale up institution‐wide staff engagement interventions. Further study is needed to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of such tailored interventions across diverse settings.
The final obstacle to successful pre‐clinical xenotransplantation?
Authors: Yamamoto Takayuki , Hara Hidetaka , Iwase Hayato , Jagdale Abhijit , Bikhet Mohamed H. , Morsi Mahmoud.A. , Cui Yehua , Nguyen Huy Q. , Wang Zheng‐Yu , Anderson Douglas J. , Foote Jeremy , Schuurman Henk‐Jan , Ayares David , Eckhoff Devin E. , Cooper David K. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenetically engineered pigs are now available for xenotransplantation in which all three known carbohydrate xenoantigens, against which humans have natural antibodies, have been deleted (triple‐knockout [TKO] pigs). Furthermore, multiple human transgenes have been expressed in the TKO pigs, all of which are aimed at protecting the cells from the human immune response. Many human sera demonstrate no or minimal antibody binding to, and little or no cytotoxicity of, cells from these pigs, and this is associated with a relatively low T‐cell proliferative response. Unfortunately, baboons and other Old World NHPs have antibodies against TKO pig cells, apparently directed to a fourth xenoantigen that appears to be exposed after TKO. In our experience, most, if not all, humans do not have natural antibodies against this fourth xenoantigen. This discrepancy between NHPs and humans is providing a hurdle to successful translation of pig organ transplantation into the clinic, and making it difficult to provide pre‐clinical data that support initiation of a clinical trial. The potential methods by which this obstacle might be overcome are discussed. We conclude that, whatever currently available genetically engineered pig is selected for the final pre‐clinical studies, this may not be the optimal pig for clinical trials.
Mélange versus fluid and melt enrichment of subarc mantle: A novel test using barium isotopes in the Tonga-Kermadec arc
Authors: Wu Fei , Turner Simon , Schaefer Bruce F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the past few years, the so-called mélange model has been offered as an alternative to the long-standing model of enrichment of the subarc mantle by separate additions of fluid and sediment components from the subducting plate. In the mélange model, components from the subducting plate become physically mixed at the slab-mantle interface. Partial melting of the peridotite subsequently occurs after being hybridized by the mélange material that diapirically rises into hotter portions of the wedge. Here, we present the first Ba isotope study of lavas from the Tonga-Kermadec arc (southwest Pacific Ocean) and show that Ba isotopes distinguish between fluid and melt derived from different subducted components. This provides fresh constraints on the debate. Remarkable along-strike Ba isotope variations were observed and are best explained by contributions from variable proportions of sediment and altered oceanic crust (AOC) fluid from the subducting plate. Combined Ba-Sr-Pb isotope relationships indicate that sediment melt and AOC fluid were added to the source of the arc lavas separately at different times. This is inconsistent with the mélange model, at least in this arc.
Rapid assembly of high-Mg andesites and dacites by magma mixing at a continental arc stratovolcano
Authors: Conway Chris E. , Chamberlain Katy J. , Harigane Yumiko , Morgan Daniel J. , Wilson Colin J.N. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Studies of pre-eruptive processes at active volcanoes require precise petrochronological constraints if they are to contribute to hazard assessment during future eruption events. We present petrological and geochemical data and orthopyroxene diffusion time scales for samples from Late Pleistocene high-Mg andesite-dacite lavas (Mg# 53–69) at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand, as a case study of rapid magma genesis and eruption at a continental arc stratovolcano. Assembly of Ruapehu high-Mg magmas involved the mixing of primitive magmas plus entrained mantle-equilibrated olivines with mid-crustal felsic mush bodies, yielding hybridized magmas with ubiquitous pyroxene reverse-zoning patterns. Orthopyroxene Fe-Mg interdiffusion time scales linked to quantitative crystal orientation data show that most lavas erupted &lt;10 days after resumption of crystal growth following magma mixing events. The eruption of lavas within days of mixing events implies that pre-eruptive warnings may be correspondingly short.
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the early diagnosis of invasive meningococcal disease in children
Authors: Waterfield Thomas , Lyttle Mark D , McKenna James , Maney Julie-Ann , Roland Damian , Corr Michael , Woolfall Kerry , Patenall Bethany , Shields Michael , Fairley Derek 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundRapid molecular diagnostic testing has the potential to improve the early recognition of meningococcal disease (MD). The aim of this study was to report on the diagnostic test accuracy of point-of-care loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) in the diagnosis of MD.DesignData were collected prospectively from three UK emergency departments (ED) between November 2017 and June 2019. Consecutive children under 18 years of age attending the ED with features of MD were eligible for inclusion. The meningococcal LAMP test (index test) was performed on a dry swab of the child’s oropharynx. Reference standard testing was the confirmation of invasive MD defined as positive N. meningitidis culture or PCR result from a sterile body site (blood or cerebrospinal fluid).ResultsThere were 260 children included in the final analysis. The median age was 2 years 11 months and 169 (65%) children were aged 5 years or younger. The LAMP test was negative in 246 children and positive in 14 children. Of the 14 children with positive LAMP tests, there were five cases of invasive MD. Of the 246 children with negative LAMP tests, there were no cases of invasive MD. The sensitivity of LAMP testing was 1.00 and the specificity was 0.97. The negative and positive predictive values were 1.00 and 0.36, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 28.3.DiscussionNon-invasive LAMP testing using oropharyngeal swabs provided an accurate fast and minimally invasive mechanism for predicting invasive MD in this study.Trial registration numberNCT03378258.
High dose-rate brachytherapy of localized prostate cancer converts tumors from cold to hot
Authors: Keam Simon P , Halse Heloise , Nguyen Thu , Wang Minyu , Van Kooten Losio Nicolas , Mitchell Catherine , Caramia Franco , Byrne David J , Haupt Sue , Ryland Georgina , Darcy Phillip K , Sandhu Shahneen , Blombery Piers , Haupt Ygal , Williams Scott G , Neeson Paul J 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) has a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment and is commonly immune excluded with few infiltrative lymphocytes and low levels of immune activation. High-dose radiation has been demonstrated to stimulate the immune system in various human solid tumors. We hypothesized that localized radiation therapy, in the form of high dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT), would overcome immune suppression in PCa.MethodsTo investigate whether HDRBT altered prostate immune context, we analyzed preradiation versus postradiation human tissue from a cohort of 24 patients with localized PCa that received HDRBT as primary treatment (RadBank cohort). We performed Nanostring immune gene expression profiling, digital spatial profiling, and high-throughput immune cell multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis. We also resolved tumor and nontumor zones in spatial and bioinformatic analyses to explore the immunological response.ResultsNanostring immune profiling revealed numerous immune checkpoint molecules (eg, B7-H3, CTLA4, PDL1, and PDL2) and TGFβ levels were increased in response to HDRBT. We used a published 16-gene tumor inflammation signature (TIS) to divide tumors into distinct immune activation states (high:hot, intermediate and low:cold) and showed that most localized PCa are cold tumors pre-HDRBT. Crucially, HDRBT converted 80% of these ‘cold’-phenotype tumors into an ‘intermediate’ or ‘hot’ class. We used digital spatial profiling to show these HDRBT-induced changes in prostate TIS scores were derived from the nontumor regions. Furthermore, these changes in TIS were also associated with pervasive changes in immune cell density and spatial relationships—in particular, between T cell subsets and antigen presenting cells. We identified an increased density of CD4+ FOXP3+ T cells, CD68+ macrophages and CD68+ CD11c+ dendritic cells in response to HDRBT. The only subset change specific to tumor zones was PDL1- macrophages. While these immune responses were heterogeneous, HDRBT induced significant changes in immune cell associations, including a gained T cell and HMWCK+ PDL1+ interaction in tumor zones.ConclusionIn conclusion, we showed HDRBT converted “cold” prostate tumors into more immunologically activated “hot” tissues, with accompanying spatially organized immune infiltrates and signaling changes. Understanding and potentially harnessing these changes will have widespread implications for the future treatment of localized PCa, including rational use of combination radio-immunotherapy.
Initial dose of oncolytic myxoma virus programs durable antitumor immunity independent of in vivo viral replication
Authors: Flores Erica B , Aksoy Bulent A , Bartee Eric 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundOncolytic therapy uses live-replicating viruses to improve the immunological status of treated tumors. Critically, while these viruses are known to self-amplify in vivo, clinical oncolytic therapies still appear to display a strong dose dependence and the mechanisms mediating this dose dependence are not well understood.MethodsTo explore this apparent contradiction, we investigated how the initial dose of oncolytic myxoma virus affected the subsequent ability of treatment to alter the immunological status of tumors as well as synergize with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) blockade.ResultsOur results indicate that, due to viral self-amplification in vivo, the overall load of myxoma virus rapidly normalizes within treated tumors despite up to 3-log differences in inoculating dose. Because of this, therapeutic efficacy in the absence of checkpoint blockade is largely dose independent. Despite this rapid normalization, however, treatment with high or low doses of myxoma virus induces distinct immunological changes within treated tumors. Critically, these changes appear to be durably programmed based on the initial oncolytic dose with low-dose treatment failing to induce immunological improvements despite rapidly achieving equivalent viral burdens. Finally, due to the distinct immunological profiles induced by high and low myxoma virus doses, oncolytic efficacy resulting from combination with PD1 blockade therapy displays a strong dose dependence.ConclusionsTaken together, these data suggest that the ability of oncolytic myxoma virus to immunologically reprogram treated tumors is dependent on initial viral dose. Additionally, this work could provide a possible mechanistic explanation for clinical results observed with other oncolytic viruses.
Disease duration, age at diagnosis and organ damage are important factors for cardiovascular disease in SLE
Authors: Nived Ola , Ingvarsson Ragnar Freyr , Jöud Anna , Linge Petrus , Tydén Helena , Jönsen Andreas , Bengtsson Anders A 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo report the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and cerebrovascular events (CVE) in incident SLE cases from a defined population. To study the risk factors for cardiovascular events in all patients with SLE at our unit.MethodsPatients with SLE diagnosed from 1981 to 2006 were followed through to 2016. IRRs of AMI and CVE were calculated. The AMI and CVE incidence patterns for patients with SLE were studied in relation to hypertension, smoking, renal dysfunction, anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies at diagnosis, disease duration and organ damage before an event.Results262 patients with SLE were included in the study; of these 175 were from the defined population. Overall, 37 AMI and 44 CVE were recorded. An increased IRR of 3 for AMI was found (p<0.001). Smoking, hypertension and reduced renal function were risk factors for AMI. An increased IRR of 3.3 for ischaemic CVE was found for women (p<0.001). Hypertension and aCL were risk factors for CVE. Organ damage before events was increased.ConclusionsCardiovascular events are increased in SLE and are associated with hypertension, smoking and increased damage rate.
Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography for exploration of spinal cord vascular malformations: preliminary experience
Authors: Clarençon Frédéric , Lenck Stéphanie , Shotar Eimad , Boch Anne-Laure , Lefevre Etienne , Premat Kevin , Amador Maria Del Mar , Sourour Nader-Antoine 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe precise understanding of the angioarchitecture of spinal vascular malformations (SVMs) is often difficult to reach with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential of four-dimensional DSA (4D-DSA) (Siemens Healthcare) in the exploration of SVMs.MethodsWe retrospectively studied all patients who underwent spinal DSA, including 4D-DSA acquisition, from July 2018 to June 2019 at a single institution. All spinal DSA acquisitions were performed under general anesthesia. 4D-DSA acquisitions were acquired with the protocol '12 s DSA Dyna4D Neuro'. 12 mL of iodixanol 320 mg iodine/mL were injected via a 5 F catheter (1 mL/s during the 12 s 4D-DSA acquisition). Inter-rater (three independent reviewers) and intermodality agreements were assessed.ResultsNine consecutive patients (six men, three women, mean age 55.3±19.8 years) with 10 SVMs (spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas n=3, spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas n=2, spinal pial arteriovenous fistulas n=2, and spinal arteriovenous malformations n=2; one patient had two synchronous pial fistulas) had spinal DSA, including 4D-DSA acquisition. Inter-rater agreement was good and moderate for the venous drainage pattern and the SVM subtype, respectively. In 9 of 10 cases, the quality of the acquisition was graded as good. Satisfactory concordance between 4D-DSA and the selective microcatheterization was observed in 90% of cases for the location of the shunt point.Conclusion4D-DSA acquisition may be helpful for a better understanding of the angioarchitecture of SVMs. Larger series are warranted to confirm these preliminary results.