bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the effectiveness of colloidal microcrystalline cellulose as a suspending agent for black and white liquid dyes
Authors: Domian Ewa , Marzec Agata , Kowalska Hanna 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the effect of the concentration (1, 5, or 8 wt%) of colloidal microcrystalline cellulose (MCCS) as suspending agent on the long‐term stability and rheology of the vegetable carbon (C) and calcium carbonate (CC) suspended in water–glycerine mixture. These suspensions as ready‐to‐use black and white liquid dyes containing 10 wt% C or CC were assessed for particle size, Turbiscan stability index (TSI), steady shear, thixotropy and dynamic viscoelasticity. After 370 days, the black dyes showed excellent stability (TSI ≪ 0.5) at 4 °C and 25 °C already at 1 wt% MCCS, while the white dyes showed reasonable stability (TSI 1–3) only at 5 and 8 wt% MCCS. Dye formulations exhibited a relatively liquid‐like viscoelastic behaviour, while they showed extremely shear‐thinning behaviour with a network structure dependent on the concentration of the MCCS as exhibited by the increase in thixotropy and the existence of the measurable yield stress.
Production of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptides in Iranian ultrafiltered white cheese prepared with Lactobacillus brevis KX572382
Authors: Yousefi Leila , Habibi Najafi Mohammad Bagher , Edalatian Dovom Mohammad Reza , Mortazavian Amir Mohammad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, ultrafiltered (UF) Iranian white cheese made with adjunct cultures including six Lactobacillus isolates (Lactobacillus brevis, L. casei and L. plantarum) from traditional Iranian Motal cheese. The peptide extract (<5 kDa) of cheese samples were assessed for angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity during ripening (5 °C). Among the strains used, L. brevis KX572382 (M8) was selected because of the greater increase in (ACE)‐inhibitory activity in the cheese (P < 0.05). The highest activity of M8 extract was observed on the 28th (71.72%) day of ripening (P < 0.05). Proteolytic activity assessment and RP‐HPLC peptide profile of M8 water‐soluble extracts (WSEs) indicated the effect of M8 on further protein degradation due to secondary proteolysis. A total of 7 different peptide sequences, previously known in the literature for their ACE‐inhibitory activity, were tentatively identified by LC/ESI‐MS in 28‐day M8 peptide extract. Although the effect of M8 on pH and the proteolysis development in cheese was significant, no adverse effect was observed on the sensory properties. In conclusion, M8 strain can enhance the functional properties of Iranian UF white cheese.
A heuristic for the convex recoloring problem in graphs
Authors: Dantas Ana Paula S. , de Souza Cid C. , Dias Zanoni 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider a coloring as a function that assigns a color to a vertex, regardless of the color of its neighbors. In this sense, a coloring is said to be convex if every set of all same colored vertices induces a connected subgraph. The Convex Recoloring Problem finds the minimum number of recolored vertices needed to turn a coloring convex. This problem is most commonly studied considering trees due to its origins in Computational Biology, but in this paper, we focus on general graphs. We propose a heuristic based on the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure to solve the problem. We present computational experiments for our heuristic and compare it to an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model from the literature. In these experiments, our heuristic recolored at most one vertex more than the ILP model, and it was also able to give better solutions when the ILP model was unable to find the optimal solution within the time limit. We also introduce a set of benchmark instances for the problem.
Sequential ultrahigh‐density contact mapping of persistent atrial fibrillation: An efficient technique for driver identification
Authors: Lațcu Decebal G. , Enache Bogdan , Hasni Karim , Wedn Ahmed M. , Zarqane Naïma , Pathak Atul , Saoudi Nadir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionLiterature supports the existence of drivers as maintainers of atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether ultrahigh density (UHD) contact mapping may detect them is unknown.MethodsWe sequentially mapped the left atrial (LA) activation during spontaneous persistent AF and performed circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI), followed by remapping and ablation of potential drivers (rotational and focal propagation sites) with Rhythmia™ in 90 patients. The time reference was an LA appendage (LAA) electrogram (EGM). Regions with uniform color were defined as “organized.” Only patients (51) with no previous ablation were considered for acute results and follow‐up reporting.ResultsLA maps (175 ± 28 ml, 43578 ± 18013 EGM) were acquired in 23 ± 7 min. In all post‐CPVI maps potential drivers (7.3 ± 3.2/patient) were visualized: 85% with rotational propagation and continuous low voltage in the center; the remaining with focal propagation and an organized EGM at the site of earliest activation. The RF delivery time for extra‐PV driver ablation was 12.2 ± 7.9 min. There was a progressive increase of AF organization: the LAA cycle length prolonged, the number of potential drivers decreased, and the organized LA surface in AF increased from 14 ± 6% to 28 ± 16% (p = .0007). Termination of AF without cardioversion was obtained in 67%. AF recurrence rate at 15 ± 7.3 months was 17.6% after the first procedure.ConclusionsSequential UHD contact activation mapping of persistent AF allows visualization of potential drivers. A sequential strategy of CPVI followed by ablation of potential drivers with limited RF time resulted in an increasing organization of AF and good acute and long‐term results.
High‐power short duration and low‐power long duration in atrial fibrillation ablation: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Kewcharoen Jakrin , Techorueangwiwat Chol , Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Leesutipornchai Thiratest , Akoum Nazem , Bunch Thomas J. , Navaravong Leenhapong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple strategies have advocation for power titration and catheter movement during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Comparative favoring evidence regarding the efficacy, logistics, and safety of a higher‐power, shorter duration (HPSD) ablation strategy compared to a lower‐power, longer duration (LPLD) ablation strategy is insubstantial. We performed a meta‐analysis to compare arrhythmia‐free survival, procedure times, and complication rates between the two strategies.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception to September 2020. We included studies comparing patients who underwent HPSD and LPLD strategies for AF ablation and reporting either of the following outcomes: Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) including AF and atrial flutter, procedure time, or periprocedural complications. We combined data using the random‐effects model to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and weight mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsTen studies from 2006 to 2020 involving 2274 patients were included (1393 patients underwent HPSD strategy and 881 patients underwent LPLD strategy). HPSD strategy was not associated with increased freedom from AT at 12‐month follow‐up (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.99 to 2.40, p = .054). In the subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trial, the HPSD strategy was associated with increased freedom from AT compared to the LPLD strategy (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.18 to 8.20, p = .02). There was a significant reduction in the HPSD group for the total procedure (WMD = 49.60, 95% CI: 29.76 to 69.44) and ablation (WMD = 17.92, 95% CI: 13.63 to 22.22) times, but not for fluoroscopy time (WMD = 1.15, 95% CI: −0.67 to 2.97). HPSD was not associated with a reduction in esophageal ulcer/atrioesophageal fistula (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.06) or pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade rates (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.35 to 3.81).ConclusionsWhen compared to the LPLD strategy, the HPSD strategy does not improve recurrent AT nor reduce periprocedural complication risks. However, subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trial showed that HPSD significantly reduces AT recurrence. An HPSD strategy can significantly reduce total procedure and ablation times.
Influence of maxillary lateral incisor width ratio on perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons
Authors: Martinez Florez Daniela , Rinchuse Daniel , Zullo Thomas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the impact of different maxillary lateral incisor width ratios on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.MethodsA smile photograph of a male subject showing the lips and gingival margins was selected. The smile was standardized for maxillary central incisor width proportions and ideally perceived smile esthetics. The maxillary lateral incisor width was symmetrically modified in increments of ratios of the central incisor from a ratio of 4:10 to a ratio of 8:10. The images were analyzed by 283 laypersons and 83 orthodontists who ranked the level of attractiveness using a visual analog scale.ResultsThere were significant differences between the esthetic perception of the five different width ratios, and between the orthodontists and laypersons in their evaluations of esthetics (P < 0.0004). There were no significant differences in esthetic evaluations between genders.ConclusionsFor orthodontists, the most attractive width ratio was 5.7:10, while the highest ranked ratio among laypersons was 8:10, although laypersons ranked all ratios very similarly. Both groups ranked the width ratio of 4:10 the lowest. Orthodontists were more critical in their assessment of esthetics.Clinical significanceTo what proportions or protocol should a peg‐shaped maxillary lateral incisor or missing lateral, that is, to be replaced with an implant/crown be restored? This is an important clinical question that is often encountered by the orthodontist and the restoring dentist. The literature suggests that orthodontists and laypeople have different perceptions of smile esthetics, and it is important to have patient centered goals when treatment planning. Further research is necessary to identify the width ratio of which the lateral incisor is perceived to be esthetic as well as the ideal ratio to consider when restoring lateral incisors. This research assessed and compared the perception that orthodontists and laypeople have on smile esthetics regarding different width ratios of lateral incisors.
Profiles of Frequent Geriatric Users of Emergency Departments: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Dufour Isabelle , Dubuc Nicole , Chouinard Maud‐Christine , Chiu Yohann , Courteau Josiane , Hudon Catherine 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFrequent geriatric users of emergency departments (EDs) represent a complex and heterogeneous population. Identifying their specific subgroups would allow the development of interventions better customized to their needs and characteristics. Thus, this study aimed to develop profiles of frequent geriatric ED users using the individual characteristics of patients.DESIGNThis was a retrospective cohort study.SETTINGDatabases from the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) were utilized. PARTICIPANTSThis study included individuals aged 65 years or older living in the community in the Province of Quebec (Canada), who consulted in an ED at least four times in the year after an ED index date (an ED visit, chosen randomly, during an index period of January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2013) and who had received a diagnosis of ambulatory care‐sensitive conditions (ACSCs) in the 2 years preceding the index date.MEASUREMENTSA latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of frequent geriatric ED users according to their individual characteristics, including ACSC type, dementia, mental health disorders, cancer diagnosis, and comorbidity index.RESULTSThe study cohort consisted of 21,393 frequent geriatric ED users. Four groups of frequent geriatric ED users were identified: people with low comorbidity (39.0%), comprising the individuals with the lowest number of physical and mental health conditions; people with cancer (32.7%); people with pulmonaryand cardiac diseases (18.1%); and people with dementia or mental health disorders (10.2%), composed of individuals with the highest proportion of common and severe mental health disease, as well as dementia. This group accounts for the highest use of overall healthcare services.CONCLUSIONThese profiles will be useful in developing customized interventions addressing the needs of each subgroup of frequent geriatric ED users. More research is needed to bridge the remaining gaps, especially regarding the healthiest frequent geriatric users of EDs.
Multicomponent Intervention and Long‐Term Disability in Older Adults: A Nonrandomized Prospective Study
Authors: Park Chan Mi , Oh Gahee , Lee Heayon , Jung Hee‐Won , Lee Eunju , Jang Il‐Young , Kim Dae Hyun 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the long‐term association between a multicomponent intervention program and disability in socioeconomically vulnerable older adults.DESIGNThis was a nonrandomized prospective intervention trial.SETTINGThe setting was a community.PARTICIPANTSParticipants included older Koreans living alone or receiving government assistance from a low‐income program.INTERVENTIONThe intervention was a 24‐week multicomponent program compromising group exercise, nutritional supplementation, management of depression, deprescribing, and home hazard reduction (n = 187) versus usual care (n = 196).MEASUREMENTSThe number of dependencies in 17 basic and instrumental activities of daily living was measured every 3 months for 30 months (range: 0–17; greater values indicated worse disability). Inverse probability weighting Poisson regression was used to model the number of dependencies to adjust for confounding bias and higher dropout rates of those with greater disability.RESULTSThe study population had a mean age of 76 years, and 26% were men. During the 30‐month follow up, 17 died (n = 8, intervention; n = 9, control), 62 (n = 16, intervention; n = 46, control) were institutionalized or received nursing home care, and 34 (n = 15, intervention; n = 19, control) were lost to follow up. After inverse probability weighting, the mean number of dependencies at baseline was 1.21 and 1.29 for the intervention group and the control group, respectively (P = .80). The intervention group had fewer dependencies than the control group, but the difference was attenuated over time: 1.08 versus 1.60 at 6 months (P = .04), 1.29 versus 1.87 at 12 months (P = .03), 1.62 versus 2.17 at 18 months (P = .06), 2.08 versus 2.51 at 24 months (P = .18), and 2.73 versus 2.90 at 30 months (P = .67).CONCLUSIONA 24‐week multicomponent intervention was associated with a slower progression of disability; however, the diminishing association from 24 months and beyond suggests that reassessment and intervention may be necessary. Due to a lack of randomization, our findings should be interpreted with caution.
Editors’ Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: DEYOUNG ROBERT , HARTMANN PHILIPP , LAEVEN LUC 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn February 2019, the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking (JMCB) turned 50. The editors of the journal decided to celebrate this anniversary with two conferences, reflecting the two broad areas that the journal covers. A first conference on “Financial intermediation, regulation and economic policy” was held at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt/Germany on March 28–29, 2019, and addressed topics in the credit and financial intermediation fields. A second conference addressed topics in the macro‐economic and monetary fields, and took place at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on May 30–31, 2019. This Special Issue displays the best contributions to the first conference. The contributions to the second celebratory conference are published in a separate Special Issue.
My Reflections on the FPC's Strategy
Authors: KASHYAP ANIL K 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI review the workings of the United Kingdom's Financial Policy Committee to illustrate the challenges of implementing macroprudential policy. I describe the committee's remit, explain my views on the channels of financial instability that the committee tries to mitigate, describe the tools the committee has its disposal and outline the principles it uses in deploying these tools. I conclude by offering some of the lessons I have learned in serving on the committee and highlighting a few challenges for macroprudential policymakers.
Are Banks Finally Resolvable? A Perspective from Europe
Authors: SCHNABEL ISABEL 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAfter the global financial crisis, policymakers in many countries promised that banks should never again be bailed out using taxpayers’ money. Therefore, new regulatory measures were introduced, most importantly new bank resolution regimes like the Single Resolution Mechanism in the euro area. This paper shows that these measures contributed to a reduction in bail‐out expectations and a return of market discipline in Europe. But European banks are still far from being truly resolvable. More remains to be done.
Negative Monetary Policy Rates and Systemic Banks' Risk‐Taking: Evidence from the Euro Area Securities Register
Authors: BUBECK JOHANNES , MADDALONI ANGELA , PEYDRÓ JOSÉ‐LUIS 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that negative monetary policy rates induce systemic banks to reach‐for‐yield. For identification, we exploit the introduction of negative deposit rates by the European Central Bank in June 2014 and a novel securities register for the 26 largest euro area banking groups. Banks with more customer deposits are negatively affected by negative rates, as they do not pass negative rates to retail customers, in turn investing more in securities, especially in those yielding higher returns. Effects are stronger for less capitalized banks, private‐sector (financial and nonfinancial) securities and dollar‐denominated securities. Affected banks also take higher risk in loans.
Bank Leverage Limits and Regulatory Arbitrage: Old Question‐New Evidence
Authors: CHOI DONG BEOM , HOLCOMB MICHAEL R. , MORGAN DONALD P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBanks are regulated more than most firms, making them good subjects to study regulatory arbitrage (avoidance). Their latest arbitrage opportunity may be the new leverage rule covering the largest U.S. banks; leverage rules require equal capital against assets with unequal risks, so banks can effectively relax the leverage constraint by increasing asset risk. Consistent with that conjecture, we find that banks covered by the new rule shifted to riskier, higher yielding securities relative to control banks. The shift began almost precisely when the rule was finalized in 2014, well before it took effect in 2018. Security level analysis suggests banks actively added riskier securities, rather than merely shedding safer ones. Despite the risk shifting, overall bank risk did not increase, evidently because the banks most constrained by the new leverage rule significantly increased leverage capital ratios.
Domestic Banks As Lightning Rods? Home Bias and Information during the Eurozone Crisis
Authors: SAKA ORKUN 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEuropean banks have been criticized for holding excessive domestic government debt during the recent Eurozone crisis, which may have intensified the diabolic loop between sovereign and bank credit risks. By using a novel bank‐level data set covering the entire timeline of the Eurozone crisis, I first reconfirm that the crisis led to the reallocation of sovereign debt from foreign to domestic banks. In contrast to the recent literature focusing only on sovereign debt, I show that the banks' private‐sector exposures were (at least) equally affected by the rise in home bias. Consistent with this pattern, I propose a new debt reallocation channel based on informational frictions and show that the informationally closer foreign banks increase their relative exposures when the sovereign risk rises. The effect of informational closeness is economically meaningful and robust to the use of different information measures and controls for alternative channels of sovereign debt reallocation.
Gendering the Legal Complex: Women in Sri Lanka's Legal Profession
Authors: SAMARARATNE DINESHA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDrawing upon feminist standpoint theory and interviews with pioneering women lawyers in Sri Lanka, I argue for a focus on women as a distinct category in ‘legal complex theory’. I consider the following questions in making this claim. What were the internal structures of the legal profession that the older generations of women lawyers encountered as they entered the profession and as they took up positions of leadership? In what ways, if at all, was the ‘culture(s)’ within the profession patriarchal? In what ways, if any, did the entry and advancement of women impact these internal structures of the profession and its culture(s)? And what can we learn from these experiences in predicting the future trajectory of the legal profession? The analytical expansion that I propose reveals gender‐based dynamics within the legal complex, such as gender‐stereotyped perceptions about women lawyers within the profession, the ‘feminization’ of the profession, and ‘gender segmentation’ within its different spheres.
The People in Question: Citizens and Constitutions in Uncertain Times by JOSHAW (Bristol: Bristol University Press, 2020, 336 pp., £75.00)
Authors: PRABHAT DEVYANI 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn court judgements on nationality, it is common to find references to the constitutions and citizenship provisions of various countries. In addition, the influences of regional as well as global human rights legal instruments are often cited by lawyers in arguments and judges in their decisions. It is surprising, then, that academic scholarship on the topic is usually single‐country or single‐region specific in nature. In her new book The People in Question: Citizens and Constitutions in Uncertain Times, Jo Shaw decisively goes against this trend through critical engagement with a plethora of jurisdictions at various levels of national and international adjudication.
Texture and texture assessment of thickened fluids and texture‐modified food for dysphagia management
Authors: Hadde Enrico K. , Chen Jianshe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThickened fluids and texture‐modified foods are commonly used in the medical management of individuals who suffer from swallowing difficulty (known as dysphagia). However, how to reliably assess texture properties of such food systems is still a big challenge both to industry and to academic researchers. This article aims to identify key physical parameters that are important for objective assessment of such properties by reviewing the significance of rheological or textural properties of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods for swallowing. Literature reviews have identified that dominating textural properties in relation to swallowing could be very different for thickened fluids and for texture‐modified foods. Important parameters of thickened fluids are generally related with the flow of the bolus in the pharyngeal stage, while important parameters of texture‐modified foods are generally related with the bolus preparation in the oral stage as well as the bolus flow in the pharyngeal stage. This review helps to identify key textural parameters of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods in relation to eating and swallowing and to develop objective measuring techniques for quality control of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods for dysphagia management.