bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic changes in severe hip osteoarthritis measured at matched gait speeds
Authors: Ismailidis Petros , Kaufmann Mara , Clauss Martin , Pagenstert Geert , Eckardt Anke , Ilchmann Thomas , Mündermann Annegret , Nüesch Corina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKinematic differences between patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and control participants have been reported to be influenced by gait speed. The purpose of this study was to experimentally detect the effect of walking speed on differences in spatiotemporal parameters and kinematic trajectories between patients with hip OA and age‐matched asymptomatic participants using wearable sensors and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). Twenty‐four patients with severe unilateral hip OA and 48 control participants were included in this study. Patients walked at a self‐selected normal speed and control participants at self‐selected normal and slow speeds. Spatiotemporal parameters and kinematic trajectories were measured with the inertial sensor system Rehagait®. Gait parameters were compared between patients with hip OA and control participants for normal and matched speed using SPM with independent sample t‐tests. At self‐selected normal speed, the patient group walked slower (−0.20 m/s, p < .001) and at lower cadence (−5.0 steps/minute, p < .001) as well as with smaller hip flexion (−7.4°, p < .001) and extension (−4.1°, p = .001), higher knee flexion during terminal stance (+8.0°, p < .001) and higher ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (+7.1°, p < .001). While differences in spatiotemporal parameters and the ankle trajectory disappeared at matched speed, some clinically relevant and statistically significant differences in hip and knee trajectories remained. Most differences in sagittal plane gait kinematics between patients with hip OA and control participants were present for matched speed, and therefore appear to be associated with a disease rather than gait speed. Nevertheless, studies investigating hip kinematics in patients with hip OA should involve trials at matched speeds.
Helicity‐resolved resonant Raman spectroscopy of layered WS2
Authors: Zhao Yan , Han Shiyi , Zhang Jin , Tong Lianming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen excited by circularly polarized light, the Raman scattered light may have the same or opposite helicity as the incident light determined by the helicity selection rule. For two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogonides (TMDCs), the helicity selection rule can be broken down due to the strong Fröhlich exciton–phonon interaction. However, how the helicity selection rule changes with excitation energy has not been reported yet. Here, we study the helicity‐resolved Raman scattering of layered WS2 excited by circularly polarized light for excitations off‐excitonic resonance and near resonance to different excitons. We find that for off‐resonance excitation, the helicity of
mode of WS2 obeys the helicity selection rule determined by the symmetry of crystal structure and vibration modes. When excited near resonance to the B exciton, the breakdown of the helicity selection rule is observed, which is attributed to the appearance of nonzero diagonal elements of the Raman tensor resulted from the Fröhlich exciton–phonon interaction. The layer number dependence of the helicity polarization ratio of the
mode shows that the proportion of helicity‐conserved component decreases with the increase of layer number. When the excitation energy is near resonance to the A exciton, the different helicity polarization ratio is found and remains unchanged with increasing layer number, which may be attributed to the different coupling strengths of exciton–phonon interactions.
Clinical Application of High‐frequency Ultrasound in Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Meng Hong , Jiang Licheng , Chen Zhe , Zhang Gaiying , Liu Jianlin 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo study the clinical application of high‐frequency ultrasound in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas.MethodsUltrasonographic data before and after treatment for 1 month, 3 months and 5 months were recorded from 80 patients with infantile hemangioma. The hemangioma was monitored dynamically with relevant indexes before and after treatment, and the treatment results were divided into 2 groups: the treatment‐effective group of 70 cases and the treatment‐ineffective group of 10 cases. The differences of tumor size, internal echo and hemodynamic parameters (peak arterial systolic flow velocity, resistance index and venous velocity) were compared before and after treatment, and reliable ultrasound observation indexes were summarized.ResultsAfter treatment, in the treatment‐effective group, the thickness of tumor was reduced in all cases, the blood flow signals decreased in 55 cases, the peak systolic velocity decreased in 55 cases, resistance index increased in 55 cases, and venous flow velocity decreased in 53 cases; the differences were statistically significant compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). The thickness of tumors was significantly decreased after 5 months of treatment compared with 1 month and 2 month treatment (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the longitudinal and transverse diameter of tumors after treatment (P > 0.05). In the treatment‐ineffective group, there was no significant difference in the above indexes before and after treatment (P > 0.05).ConclusionHigh‐frequency ultrasound had primary application value in the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, where the change of tumor thickness provided the most important observational indicator.
Systemic Bevacizumab (Avastin) for Juvenile‐Onset Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ryan Marisa A. , Leu Grace R. , Upchurch Patrick A. , Tunkel David E. , Walsh Jonathan M. , Boss Emily F. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesJuvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) can cause severe or disseminated disease. Surgical treatment may be inadequate. Systemic bevacizumab has shown initial success for severe JORRP. The objective of this systematic review was to assess usage, effectiveness, and safety of this treatment.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies of humans with JORRP treated with systemic bevacizumab. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies to determine inclusion and aggregate data on patient characteristics, dosing protocols, treatment response, adverse events, and level of evidence.ResultsOf 80 identified articles, 12 studies were included detailing 20 distinct cases. At a mean age of 12.8 years (range = 1–43 years) patients received initial dosing of 5 to 10 mg/kg of bevacizumab followed by ongoing doses at a mean 3‐week intervals (range = 2–5 weeks). All patients had clinically significant disease reduction with reduced need for surgery. Six patients (30%) had complete response in at least one involved anatomic site. Eleven (55%) required no surgery after initiating treatment. There was recurrence in all four patients whose treatment was stopped, but had rapid improvement with treatment resumption. Six (30%) experienced mild or moderate adverse events.ConclusionsMarked improvement in severe JORRP has been reported from systemic bevacizumab. Treatment protocols vary, and treatment discontinuation was not feasible in any reported patient. Based on currently available data, systemic bevacizumab can be considered for severe JORRP as it appears to be well tolerated and effective. A clinical trial could enhance the understanding of its safety and efficacy for this indication. Laryngoscope, 131:1138–1146, 2021
Elucidating the Role of Interfacial Hydrogen Bonds on Glass Transition Temperature Change in a Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/SiO2 Polymer‐Nanocomposite by Noncovalent Interaction Characterization and Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Panigrahi Ritwik , Chakraborty Souvik , Ye Jun , Lim Geraldine S. , Lim Freda C. H. , Yam Joachim Khin Hun , Wu Linda Yongling , Chng Shuyun , Prawirasatya Melissa , van Herk Alexander M. , Thoniyot Praveen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA thorough experimental investigation of polymer‐glass transition temperature (Tg) is performed on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and fumed silica nanoparticle (SiNP) composite. This is done together with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of PVA systems in contact with bare and fully hydroxylated silica. Experimentally, PVA‐SiNP composites are prepared by simple solution casting from aqueous solutions followed by its characterization using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both theoretical and experimentally deduced Tg are correlated with the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions involving OH functionality present on the surface of SiNP and along PVA polymer backbone. Further deconvolution of FTIR data show that inter‐molecular hydrogen bonding present between PVA and SiNP surface is directly responsible for the increase in Tg. SiNP filler and PVA matrix ratio is also optimized for a desired Tg increase. An optimal loading of SiNP exists, in order to yield the maximum Tg increase arising from the competition between hydrogen bonding and crowding effect of SiNP.
Implementation of the Pulley Effect of Polyrotaxane in Transparent Bulk Polymer for Simultaneous Strengthening and Toughening
Authors: Xie Zhen Hua , Rong Min Zhi , Zhang Ming Qiu , Liu Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe fascinating pulley effect from moveable α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) based polyrotaxane favors toughening of hydrogels, but the strategy is rarely applied in bulk polymers because of the severe aggregation trend of α‐CDs. Herein, the authors propose a simple approach to moderately modify the α‐CDs of polyrotaxane by introducing large steric side groups and reactive CC so as to minimize the unwanted hydrogen bonds‐induced aggregation of α‐CDs and hydrophilicity of polyrotaxane. Accordingly, the proof‐of‐concept material, poly(methyl acrylate) crosslinked by the modified polyrotaxane, turns out to be rather homogeneous with optical transparency. The polyrotaxane crosslinks are movable under external force as disclosed by in situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering and other techniques, which is correlated to the relative amount of α‐CDs. A few polyrotaxane crosslinkers prove to be sufficient to simultaneously improve strength and toughness of poly(methyl acrylate) owing to the stress equalization. The present work provides an expandable toolbox for enhancing polymers.
Identification of novel candidate risk genes for myelomeningocele within the glucose homeostasis/oxidative stress and folate/one‐carbon metabolism networks
Authors: Hillman Paul , Baker Craig , Hebert Luke , Brown Michael , Hixson James , Ashley‐Koch Allison , Morrison Alanna C. , Northrup Hope , Au Kit Sing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common complex birth defect, yet, our understanding of the genetic contribution to their development remains incomplete. Two environmental factors associated with NTDs are Folate and One Carbon Metabolism (FOCM) and Glucose Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress (GHOS). Utilizing next‐generation sequencing of a large patient cohort, we identify novel candidate genes in these two networks to provide insights into NTD mechanisms.MethodsExome sequencing (ES) was performed in 511 patients, born with myelomeningocele, divided between European American and Mexican American ethnicities. Healthy control data from the Genome Aggregation database were ethnically matched and used as controls. Rare, high fidelity, nonsynonymous predicted damaging missense, nonsense, or canonical splice site variants in independently generated candidate gene lists for FOCM and GHOS were identified. We used a gene‐based collapsing approach to quantify mutational burden in case and controls, with the control cohort estimated using cumulative allele frequencies assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.ResultsWe identified 45 of 837 genes in the FOCM network and 22 of 568 genes in the GHOS network as possible NTD risk genes with p < 0.05. No nominally significant risk genes were shared between ethnicities. Using a novel approach to mutational burden we identify 55 novel NTD risk associations.ConclusionsWe provide a means of utilizing large publicly available sequencing datasets as controls for sequencing projects examining rare disease. This approach confirmed existing risk genes for myelomeningocele and identified possible novel risk genes. Lastly, it suggests possible distinct genetic etiologies for this malformation between different ethnicities.
The periosteal‐cutaneous chimeric medial femoral condyle free flap for subtotal ear reconstruction: A case report
Authors: di Summa Pietro G. , Sapino Gianluca , Zaugg Patrice , Raffoul Wassim , Guillier David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen costal graft is contraindicated or refused by the patient, autologous total/subtotal auricular reconstruction represent a real challenge as limited surgical options has been described. Aim of present report is to offer a novel possible autologous reconstruction of the ear frame using a chimeric free medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap. We present a case of a 29 years old patient who had total loss of the upper 2/3 of the right ear after bombing in Somalia and secondary infected condritis (considered a relative contraindication for costal cartilage graft). The MFC flap was harvested with a chimeric skin paddle (7 × 5 cm), a thin sheet of femoral cortex (6.5 × 8 cm) was used as basal ear frame, while part of the contralateral concha was trimmed as support for the helix, with the periosteal component of the flap wrapping around the whole framework. The chimeric skin paddle assured the retroauricular skin coverage, while the anterior part of the construct was covered by a thinned dermal flap. Postoperative course was uneventful. A defatting procedure of the posterior skin paddle was performed at 2 months post‐op. At 6 months post‐op, the patient was satisfied with the result, could wear glasses and was socially integrated. This new application of the free chimeric MFC flap, despite being not the primary choice for ear reconstruction, guaranteed satisfactory results in terms of ear shape and infection prevention and may be considered when ordinary cartilage rib reconstruction is refused, contraindicated, or failed.
Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A: Longitudinal change in nerve ultrasound parameters
Authors: Kojima Yuta , Noto Yu‐ichi , Tsuji Yukiko , Kitani‐Morii Fukiko , Shiga Kensuke , Mizuno Toshiki , Nakagawa Masanori 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to elucidate the longitudinal changes in nerve ultrasound parameters of adult Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) patients.MethodsFifteen adult patients with CMT1A prospectively underwent nerve ultrasound and clinical assessment (CMT neuropathy score [CMTNS]) at baseline and 5 y later. Nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) and echogenicity were measured in the median and sural nerves. Changes in ultrasound parameters and CMTNS and correlation between changes of ultrasound parameters and CMTNS were analyzed.ResultsMedian and sural nerve CSAs did not change over 5 y, although CMTNS increased (P < .01). Nerve echogenicity in the sural nerve decreased over 5 y (P = .045). No correlations between changes in nerve ultrasound parameters and CMTNS were identified.ConclusionsNo longitudinal changes in nerve size was detected in adult CMT1A. Exploring the factors that determine nerve size in childhood CMT1A may lead to the development of treatments.
Cognitive challenges in persons with spina bifida: Bearing on urological dysfunctions?
Authors: Ehrén Ingrid , Hagman Göran , Lindbo Lena , Gabrielsson Hanna , Bendt Martina , Seiger Åke 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate if adult persons with spina bifida (SB) who have urinary tract complications have cognitive difficulties that can be identified by neuropsychological tests.MethodsAll individuals with SB ≥ 18 years of age registered at a regional outpatient clinic (n = 219) were invited, of which, 154 persons were included. Neuropsychological assessment of their cognitive status was performed with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale®—Fourth Edition: Coding, Block design, Arithmetic's, FAS (word generation), Rey Auditory Verbal Test for learning, and delayed recall 30 min. Bladder and bowel function were assessed with questions used by the Nordic Spinal Cord Injury Registry (NSCIR) in structured interviews, by questionnaires, and by chart reviews.ResultsAverage neuropsychological test results for this SB population was shown to be approximately 1 SD under the median for the general population. The Coding test showed significantly lower test results as compared with the whole SB group in persons with urinary tract complications, especially urinary tract infections, reduced kidney function, dependent emptying of the bladder, and the bowel and accidental bowel leakage. The Arithmetic's test showed a significant difference between subgroups in all parameters except reduced kidney function whereas the other neuropsychological tests were significantly correlated with some but not all urological parameters.ConclusionWe propose neuropsychological testing with primarily two tests to find those persons with SB who, due to cognitive challenges, might need extra support to minimize urological complications.
Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Exposure, Gestational Weight Gain, and Postpartum Weight Changes in Project Viva
Authors: Mitro Susanna D. , Sagiv Sharon K. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Calafat Antonia M. , Fleisch Abby F. , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Williams Paige L. , Oken Emily , James‐Todd Tamarra M. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to test the extent to which pregnancy per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations were associated with gestational weight gain and postpartum weight changes.MethodsThis study was composed of 1,614 women recruited between 1999 and 2002 via the Project Viva cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of six PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2‐(N‐ethyl‐perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. Gestational weight gain was defined as the difference between last pregnancy weight and prepregnancy weight, 1‐year postpartum weight retention as the difference between 1‐year postpartum weight and prepregnancy weight, and 3‐year postpartum weight change as the difference between 3‐year postpartum weight and prepregnancy weight.ResultsDuring pregnancy, women gained 0.37 kg (95% CI: 0.11‐0.62) more weight per doubling of 2‐(N‐ethyl‐perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid. At 1 year post partum, women retained 0.55 kg (95% CI: 0.07‐1.04) more weight per doubling of PFOA. At 3 years post partum, women gained 0.91 kg (95% CI: 0.25‐1.56) more weight per doubling in PFOA. Findings were similar after adjustment for all PFAS. Other PFAS were not associated with weight changes. Postpartum associations were stronger among women with higher prepregnancy BMI. Models were adjusted for demographics.ConclusionsPregnancy PFAS were associated with greater gestational weight gain, weight retention, and weight gain years after pregnancy.
Lymphopenia During Definitive Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Association with Dosimetric Parameters and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Xu Hui , Lin Maosheng , Hu Yingying , Zhang Li , Li Qiaoqiao , Zhu Jinhan , Wang Shi , Xi Mian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics, as well as dosimetric parameters, and the risk of treatment-related lymphopenia in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).Materials and MethodsClinical characteristics and dosimetric parameters were collected from 436 patients with ESCC who received definitive CRT from 2010 through 2017. Absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) were obtained before, during, and 1 month after CRT. Grade 4 (G4) lymphopenia was defined as ALC &lt;0.2 × 109/L during CRT. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of each factor on predicting G4 lymphopenia. The relationship between lymphopenia and overall survival (OS) was examined, and a nomogram was developed to predict OS.ResultsG4 lymphopenia was observed in 103 patients (23.6%) during CRT. Multivariate analysis indicated that planning target volume (PTV), lung V10, heart V10, performance status, and pretreatment lymphopenia were significant risk factors for G4 lymphopenia. Patients with G4 lymphopenia had significantly worse survival than those without. Based on multivariate analysis, clinical TNM stage, radiotherapy modality, pretreatment ALC, and G4 lymphopenia were predictive of OS and were incorporated into the nomogram, yielding a concordance index of 0.71.ConclusionsG4 lymphopenia during definitive CRT was associated with larger PTVs, higher lung V10 and heart V10, and worse survival.Implications for PracticeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between clinical characteristics, as well as dosimetric parameters, and the risk of treatment-related lymphopenia in 436 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received definitive chemoradiotherapy. Grade 4 (G4) lymphopenia was observed in 23.6% of patients during radiotherapy. G4 lymphopenia was associated with larger planning target volumes, higher lung V10 and heart V10, and worse survival. Then, a nomogram was built based on multivariate analysis, yielding excellent performance to predict overall survival. Prospective studies are needed to investigate potential approaches for mitigating severe lymphopenia, which may ultimately convert into survival benefits.