bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering rheological response in chitosan–sophorolipid systems through controlled interactions
Authors: Pingali S. , Benhur A. M. , Amin S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to understand the impact of the biopolymer chitosan on the rheological behaviour of the biosurfactant sophorolipid as well as the effects of ionization and electrolyte addition on the chitosan–sophorolipid system.MethodsRotation mechanical rheometry was used to study the rheological response of the chitosan–SL systems. Frequency sweeps were conducted to analyse the rheological properties of the system at low‐frequency ranges, and bulk viscosity of the system was studied at high shear rates for each sample.ResultsThe biosurfactant sophorolipid on its own has very low viscosity. The bulk rheology results show that the addition of chitosan enhances the viscosity and viscoelastic properties of the chitosan–sophorolipid system indicating the presence of synergistic interactions between the two systems. Electrolyte addition had a significant impact on the system’s rheological response. Addition of salt built the viscosity of pure chitosan. However due to charge screening effects, it resulted in a decrease in viscosity for the chitosan–sophorolipid system. On further increasing the salt concentration, an increase in viscosity was observed but not beyond the value obtained for the chitosan–SL system without any salt. An increase in pH results in increased ionization of the carboxylic acid groups in acidic SL, which in turn enhances the synergistic interactions between chitosan and SL.ConclusionThe strong charge interactions between chitosan and sophorolipid lead to formation of an integrated gel‐like network, thus building the viscosity of the system. A variation in parameters like biopolymer concentration, electrolyte and ionic strength has the potential to modify the bulk rheological properties of the chitosan–SL system.
Patterns of skin cancer and treatment outcomes for patients with albinism at Kisangani Clinic, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Inena Gaylord , Chu Brian , Falay Dadi , Limengo Bambale , Matondo Ibanda , Bokanga Abisa , Kovarik Carrie , Williams Victoria L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople with albinism (PWA) are at increased risk of photodamage and skin cancer. In many parts of Africa, there is a significant lack of knowledge regarding albinism which can lead to societal stigma, discrimination, and persecution from an early age. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), there is limited clinical data on PWA and skin cancer. We aim to better understand sociodemographics, risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of this population.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of albinism and skin cancer presenting to Kisangani Albino Clinic were enrolled.ResultsOf 205 PWA, 61 patients were diagnosed with skin cancer with a mean age of 26.5 years. Common occupations were student (45.6%) or unemployed (26.4%). Discrimination was experienced from close contacts (24.4%) and society (67.4%). A majority (88.5%) had never used sunscreen, only 4.9% used fully sun protective clothing, and 90.2% spent 4 or more hours in the sun daily. Skin cancers had a mean size of 3.8 cm and were most commonly located on the face (47.7%). Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological diagnosis. Most patients underwent excision, and 90.2% had clinical clearance of tumors at a mean follow‐up of 5.7 months.ConclusionPeople living with albinism in the DRC experience a high rate of nonmelanoma skin cancers at a young age and additionally face a number of psychosocial challenges. This study represents the first attempt to analyze a cohort of patients with albinism from the DRC and serves to increase awareness of this vulnerable population.
Effects of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and workplace violence on turnover intention of emergency nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Lichuan , Xiao Guangqing , Chen Zhuo Job , Lu Qian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe turnover intention of emergency nurses and clarify the effects of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and workplace violence on turnover intention.BackgroundResearch has showed the predictors of turnover intention differed among nurses of different specialties. However, research on turnover intention has mostly focused on general nurses rather than emergency nurses.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 415 emergency nurses in Beijing, China, using convenience sampling. Path analysis was used to test the relationships between organizational commitment, job satisfaction, workplace violence and turnover intention.ResultsMost emergency nurses (90.2%) had a high level or very high level of turnover intention. Contrary to previous studies, organizational commitment had a significant direct positive effect on workplace violence. It also had a direct positive effect on job satisfaction and a negative effect on turnover intention. Workplace violence had a negative effect on job satisfaction and a positive effect on turnover intention. Job satisfaction had a direct negative effect on turnover intention.ConclusionTo reduce turnover intention in the emergency department, measures should be taken to reduce workplace violence and increase nurses' job satisfaction, especially those with high organizational commitment.
The value of incorporating carcass trait phenotypes in terminal sire selection indexes to improve carcass weight and quality of heavy lambs
Authors: Massender Erin , Brito Luiz F. , Cánovas Angela , Baes Christine F. , Kennedy Delma , Schenkel Flavio S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenetic selection for carcass traits is paramount to maximize the profitability and long‐term sustainability of any meat‐producing livestock species. The main objectives of this research were to evaluate the efficiency of indicator traits for the genetic improvement of lamb carcass traits and to determine the value of including carcass traits into terminal sire selection indexes for the Canadian sheep industry. The carcass traits included hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth at the GR site (FATGR) and average carcass conformation score (AVGCONF), and were measured on heavy lambs (slaughter age less than 365 days and HCW greater than 16.3 kg) in commercial abattoirs. Growth traits were found to be moderately efficient indicator traits for the genetic improvement of HCW but selection on ultrasound traits was necessary to substantially improve the carcass quality traits (FATGR and AVGCONF). Economic selection indexes were designed by adding various combinations of carcass traits into the Canadian Sheep Genetic Evaluation System terminal indexes. Records measured on individuals and progeny were assumed to be the sources of information for live animal and carcass traits, respectively. The changes in index accuracy, efficiency and expected correlated response were used to assess the value of their inclusion. HCW was found to have a large economic value, and its inclusion into terminal selection indexes was expected to substantially increase their accuracy (0.08–0.12 points) and efficiency (20%–30%). However, further including FATGR (measured 110 mm from the carcass midline over the 12th rib) and AVGCONF had little impact on the accuracy (≤0.03) and efficiency (1%–7%) of the proposed indexes. Thus, the inclusion of carcass traits into the existing terminal selection indexes could be beneficial for the genetic improvement of HCW, but further research is needed to determine optimal methods of increasing carcass fatness and muscularity.
Visualization of the electrophysiologically defined junction between the superior vena cava and right atrium
Authors: Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Hashimoto Kenji , Yamashita Terumasa , Miyama Hiroshi , Fujisawa Taishi , Katsumata Yoshinori , Kimura Takehiro , Fukuda Keiichi , Takatsuki Seiji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAn electrical superior vena cava (SVC) isolation from the right atrium (RA) sometimes can be challenging. For a safe and efficient SVC isolation, we aimed to visualize the accurate position of the SVC‐RA junction on a three‐dimensional (3D) mapping system using the decremental conduction properties of the SVC‐RA junction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsThis study consisted of 15 consecutive AF patients (11 males, age 59 ± 10 years). A 3D mapping catheter was positioned in the SVC‐RA junction region while delivering a single extra‐stimulus from the right atrial appendage (RAA), to discriminate the RA and SVC potentials. The electrophysiological SVC‐RA junction was defined as the most proximal points where the SVC potentials were recorded, which were tagged on the 3D mapping system around the SVC‐RA junction, where radiofrequency energy applications were applied.ResultsAround the SVC‐RA junction, 9 ± 2 points were tagged on the 3D mapping system. The highest and lowest SVC‐RA junction points were located on the anterior wall and posterior wall, respectively. The difference in the level between the highest and lowest SVC‐RA junction points was 16.2 ± 6.3 mm. A successful SVC isolation was obtained in all patients without any complications.ConclusionThe plane of the electrophysiologically defined SVC‐RA junction was not perpendicular to the body axis, but slanted due to the anterior side being higher. Recognizing the precise location of the SVC‐RA junction would contribute to a safe and efficacious SVC isolation.
Seomae mugwort and jaceosidin attenuate osteoarthritic cartilage damage by blocking IκB degradation in mice
Authors: Lee Hyemi , Jang Dain , Jeon Jimin , Cho Chanmi , Choi Sangil , Han Seong Jae , Oh Eunjeong , Nam Jiho , Park Chan Hum , Shin Yu Su , Yun Seung Pil , Yang Siyoung , Kang Li‐Jung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeomae mugwort, a Korean native variety of Artemisia argyi, exhibits physiological effects against various diseases. However, its effects on osteoarthritis (OA) are unclear. In this study, a Seomae mugwort extract prevented cartilage destruction in an OA mouse model. In vitro and ex vivo analyses revealed that the extract suppressed MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression induced by IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α and inhibited the loss of extracellular sulphated proteoglycans. In vivo analysis revealed that oral administration of the extract suppressed DMM‐induced cartilage destruction. We identified jaceosidin in Seomae mugwort and showed that this compound decreased MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 expression levels, similar to the action of the Seomae mugwort extract in cultured chondrocytes. Interestingly, jaceosidin and eupatilin combined had similar effects to Seomae mugwort in the DMM‐induced OA model. Induction of IκB degradation by IL‐1β was blocked by the extract and jaceosidin, whereas JNK phosphorylation was only suppressed by the extract. These results suggest that the Seomae mugwort extract and jaceosidin can attenuate cartilage destruction by suppressing MMPs, ADAMTS4/5 and the nuclear factor‐κB signalling pathway by blocking IκB degradation. Thus, the findings support the potential application of Seomae mugwort, and particularly jaceosidin, as natural therapeutics for OA.
Inverse correlation between serum high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin and proinsulin level in a Japanese population: The Dynamics of Lifestyle and Neighborhood Community on Health Study
Authors: Nakamura Akinobu , Miyoshi Hideaki , Ukawa Shigekazu , Nakamura Koshi , Nakagawa Takafumi , Terauchi Yasuo , Tamakoshi Akiko , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSerum high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin (HMWA) has a positive correlation with insulin secretion in the Japanese population. To validate this correlation, we investigated the correlation between serum HMWA and proinsulin, a marker of β‐cell dysfunction, in this population. A total of 488 participants (53.9% women) aged 35–79 years not taking oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin were enrolled. HMWA was significantly and inversely correlated with proinsulin adjusted for age and sex (partial regression coefficient β = −0.37; 95% confidence interval −0.46 to −0.28). When the participants were divided into two groups by median values of body mass index (23.2 kg/m2), serum insulin (4.3 µU/mL) or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (1.0), similar inverse correlations were observed adjusted for age and sex in both groups. Our results showed that the HMWA level was inversely correlated with the proinsulin level in a general Japanese population.
Juvenile Competency to Stand Trial: A Systemic Look Under the Hood: Reasonable Accommodations
Authors: Ezzo Frank R. , Herman Madeline , Oravec Kristyn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJuvenile competency to stand trial has historically involved the intrinsic abilities of a juvenile to understand and appreciate the nature of the proceeding against the juvenile and the juvenile’s ability to assist in his/her defense and communicate effectively with defense counsel. The literature has not addressed the recursive systemic competency process between the juvenile, defense counsel, and hearing officer. This article discusses the communication skills of defense counsel and hearing officers as part of the systemic equation in a juvenile’s competency to stand trial. A case example is used to demonstrate the importance of reasonable accommodations as part of the systemic, recursive interactions between a juvenile and court personnel. The authors conclude with recommendations for training in the areas of linguistics and the psychosocial development of juveniles in the socio‐cultural context in which they live.
Parenting Styles and Children’s Delinquency Reconsidered: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Lee Bora , Gerber Jurg , Cochran Joseph 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFor decades, criminological theories have emphasized the importance of strong parent‐child relationships in preventing children’s delinquent behaviors (e.g., Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990). In particular, Thornberry’s (1996) interactional theory has catalyzed studies of the critical importance of reciprocal relationships between parents and children. However, though previous studies have examined reciprocal relationships, they typically do not assess changes in those relationships over time (Wiloughby & Hamza, 2011). The purpose of this study is to evaluate how reciprocal relationships vary among parenting styles and how this variance accounts for children’s delinquency. In particular, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort study, the present study examines how the authoritative parenting style and different parent’s and child’s sexes affect the reciprocal parent‐child relationship. It discovers a significant correlation between authoritative parenting styles and a reduction in child delinquency and observes how a parent’s sex influences this dynamic.
Research on an electric energy‐saving grain drying system with internal circulation of the drying medium
Authors: Wang Guiying , Wu Wenfu , Qiao Fengxiang , Fu Daping , Liu Zhe , Han Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, we designed a 5HLN‐R‐50 electric grain dryer with internal circulation of the drying medium based on the analysis of drying medium enthalpy and humidity status variation diagrams. We aimed to reduce the dryer energy consumption and exhaust gas emission. Using clean electric energy instead of a conventional dryer heat source, the drying system can cyclically dry high‐moisture grain with zero emissions. The experimental results indicate that the condensation effect is suitable when the ratio of the cool and hot air flows is 6:1 at a heat transfer coefficient of the condenser of 79.5 W/(m2.K) and a specific heat consumption of 3,916 kJ/kgH2O when compared with the Chinese standard of 7,500 kJ/kgH2O, that is, a maximum energy savings of 48%. This paper proposes a novel technological method and idea, studies the differences in energy efficiency, emissions reduction and clean production, and provides a reference for replacing the conventional grain dryer heat source of coal with electricity.Practical applicationsThis drying system is applied in circular grain drying; a corn drying experiment indicates that compared with the specific energy consumption stipulated by the national standards of China, the highest energy savings is 48%, and zero release nonpollution is shown. The state parameters of the dried material and drying medium are displayed graphically in real time, and the operating parameters of the drying process are intuitively tracked in real time and automatically adjusted.
The usefulness of EUS‐FNA with contrast‐enhanced harmonic imaging of solid pancreatic lesions: A prospective study
Authors: Itonaga Masahiro , Kitano Masayuki , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Hatamaru Keiichi , Yamashita Yasunobu , Tamura Takashi , Nuta Junya , Kawaji Yuki , Shimokawa Toshio , Tanioka Kensuke , Murata Shin‐ichi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimFew studies have investigated endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with contrast‐enhanced harmonic imaging (EUS‐FNA‐CHI) for diagnosing and adequately sampling pancreatic lesions. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of EUS‐FNA‐CHI compared with that of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration with fundamental B mode imaging (EUS‐FNA‐FBI) for diagnosing solid pancreatic lesions.MethodsConsecutive patients with solid pancreatic lesions were enrolled prospectively (UMIN 000024467). Only samples obtained during the first needle pass (EUS‐FNA‐FBI) and second needle pass (EUS‐FNA‐CHI) were used to compare the accuracy rate for diagnosing pancreatic lesions and rate of adequate sampling for histological evaluation. In patients with hypo‐enhancing lesions on contrast‐enhanced harmonic EUS (CH‐EUS), subgroup analyses were performed. Patients were classified into those with a heterogeneous area in the whole lesion (whole group), those with a heterogeneous area with a non‐enhancing area (non‐enhancing group), and those with a heterogeneous area with a homogeneous area (homogeneous group).ResultsNinety‐three patients were enrolled. Overall, the rates of adequate sampling and sensitivity were significantly higher with EUS‐FNA‐CHI than with EUS‐FNA‐FBI (84.9% vs 68.8%, P = 0.003 and 76.5% vs 58.8%, P = 0.011, respectively). The adequate sampling rate and sensitivity were significantly higher with EUS‐FNA‐CHI than with EUS‐FNA‐FBI when the mass was > 15 mm. In the non‐enhancing and homogeneous groups, the adequate sampling rate and sensitivity were significantly higher with EUS‐FNA‐CHI than with EUS‐FNA‐FBI.ConclusionsCH‐EUS enables improved observation of pancreatic lesions and helps identify the target of EUS‐FNA among different pathological areas of the lesions particularly of > 15 mm.
Quantitative elemental mapping of granulite‐facies monazite: Textural insights and implications for petrochronology
Authors: Weller Owen M. , Jackson Simon , Miller William G. R. , St‐Onge Marc R. , Rayner Nicole 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTexturally complex monazite grains contained in two granulite‐facies pelitic migmatites from southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, were mapped by laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (using spot sizes ≤5 µm) to quantitatively determine the spatial variation in trace element chemistry (with up to 1,883 analyses per grain). The maps highlight the chemical complexity of monazite grains that have experienced multiple episodes of growth, resorption and chemical modification by dissolution–precipitation during high‐grade metamorphism. Following detailed chemical characterization of monazite compositional zones, a related U–Pb data set is re‐interpreted, allowing petrologically significant ages to be extracted from a continuum of concordant data. Synthesis of these data with pseudosection modelling of prograde and peak conditions allows for the temporal evolution of monazite trace element chemistry to be placed in the context of the evolving P–T conditions and major phase assemblage. This approach enables a critical evaluation of three commonly used petrochronological indicators: linking Y to garnet abundance, the Eu anomaly to feldspar content and Th/U to anatectic processes. Europium anomalies and Th/U behave in a relatively systematic fashion, suggesting that they are reliable petrochronological witnesses. However, Y systematics are variable, both within domains interpreted to have grown in a single event, between grains interpreted to be part of the same age population, and between samples that experienced similar metamorphic conditions and mineral assemblages. These observations caution against generalized petrological interpretations on the basis of Y content, as it suggests Y concentrations in monazite are controlled by domainal equilibria. The results reveal a c. 45 Myr interval between prograde metamorphism and retrograde melt crystallization in the study area, emphasizing the long‐lived nature of heat flow in high‐grade metamorphic terranes. Such long timescales of metamorphism would be assisted by the growth, retention and dominance of high‐Th suprasolidus monazite, as observed in this study, contributing to the radiogenic heating budget of mid‐ to lower‐crustal environments. Careful characterization of monazite grains suggests that continuum‐style U–Pb data sets can be decoded to provide insights into the duration of metamorphic processes.
Fictitious commodification and agrarian change: Indigenous peoples and land markets in Highland Ecuador
Authors: Goodwin Geoff 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCreating private property rights and establishing land markets were fundamental to the historical development of capitalism in the Global North and remain at the centre of capitalist development in the Global South. This article contributes to debates about these processes by analysing the relationship between land markets and indigenous peoples in Highland Ecuador. Building on Karl Polanyi's concept of fictitious commodities, it elaborates a new concept that makes an analytical distinction between the activation and development of land markets. The former refers to the occasional participation of actors in markets to secure land, whereas the latter relates to the establishment and expansion of markets that regulate the distribution and value of land through market prices. Focusing on indigenous land struggles in the late 20th century, this article shows that the activation of land markets created opportunities for indigenous peasants to secure land, whereas the development of land markets closed them down. Social and class differentiation among the highland indigenous population increased through this contradictory process. The article connects this historical analysis to recent developments in Ecuador to contribute to empirical and theoretical debates about contemporary land struggles and agrarian change elsewhere in the Global South.
The relentlessde factoprivatization process of Chilika Lake, India
Authors: Adduci Matilde 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the early 1990s Chilika Lake saw a conflict over aquaculture practices that culminated in a process ofde factoprivatization of the lake waters and the implementation of illegal shrimp cultivation. An earlier article explored the class dynamics of the conflict and the present paper, based on a 2015 fieldwork revisit, reviews the unfolding of the socioeconomic dynamics underlying the illegal aquaculture activities. Looking at recent developments in the implementation of illegal shrimp cultivation in the lake, it interrogates the underlying balance between coercion and consent, and the implications for the livelihoods and protest politics of the fishing people. The paper draws attention to the reality of occupational displacement, analysing its implications for the viability of the fisher people's oppositional movement. Through doing so, it draws renewed attention to the complexity of state–society relations underlying the dynamics that govern conflict and critically contributes to recent debates on subaltern politics.