bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Readmission and death in patients admitted with new‐onset versus worsening of chronic heart failure: insights from a nationwide cohort
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Fosbøl Emil L. , Gerds Thomas A. , Andersson Charlotte , McMurray John J.V. , Petrie Mark C. , Gustafsson Finn , Madelaire Christian , Kristensen Søren Lund , Gislason Gunnar H. , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars , Schou Morten 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the rates of all‐cause mortality and heart failure (HF) readmission in patients hospitalized with decompensated HF according to HF duration – new‐onset HF and worsening of chronic
HF.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide observational cohort study, 17 176 patients were included at first hospital admission for HF in the period 2013–2015 using data from Danish nationwide registries. In total, 8860 (51.6%) patients were admitted with new‐onset HF and 8316 (48.4%) with worsening of chronic HF. Patients with worsening of chronic HF were characterized by a greater comorbidity burden compared with patients with new‐onset HF. The rates of outcomes were examined by multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidity. Worsening of chronic HF was associated with a higher rate of the composite endpoint of all‐cause mortality or HF readmission [hazard ratio (HR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31–1.43], all‐cause mortality (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16–1.28), and HF readmission (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.69–1.93) compared with new‐onset HF. There was an interaction between atrial fibrillation (AF), HF duration, and outcome: in worsening of chronic HF, the rate of the composite endpoint was higher in patients with AF compared with those without (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.19), whereas in new‐onset HF, the rate of the composite endpoint was lower in patients with AF compared with those without (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85–0.96) (P‐value for interaction <0.001).ConclusionsAmong patients hospitalized with decompensated HF, worsening of chronic HF was associated with poorer outcomes compared with new‐onset
HF.
Spectroelectrochemical Studies on Silicate Sol‐Gel Matrix‐supported Sub‐10 nm Prussian Blue Nanostructures‐based Electrochromic Device
Authors: Manivannan Shanmugam , Kim Haeun , Viswanathan Perumal , Yim Taeeun , Kim Kyuwon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, spectroelectrochemical (SPE) studies to monitor the electrochromic properties of electrochemically synthesized sub‐10 nm sized Prussian blue (PB) nanostructures (NSs) are employed. At the beginning the dark blue coloured device, shifts reversibly between translucent and dark‐blue while applying an applied bias between +1 to −1 V with an opposite polarization. Amine functionalized silicate sol‐gel matrix (SSG) is used as a solid support and stabilizer for electrodepositing highly uniform sub‐10 nm PB NSs. The SSG's film thickness is suitably optimized through suitable controlled experiments. It is found that the SPE behaviour of sub‐10 nm sized PB NSs, suitably followed a colour modulation of PB into Prussian white (PW) and vice‐versa. SPE studies are used to investigate the redox switching between the PB and PW and which are responsible for an electrochromic function of a fabricated electrochromic device (ECD). Fabricated ECD has demonstrated an optical modulation at 680 nm with the moderate coloration efficiency of 115.8 cm2/C. Present study validates the SPE feature of sub‐10 nm PB NSs as an active electrochromic nanomaterial and demonstrating the applicability of SPE technique to investigate the variety of electrochromic nanomaterials, with consequences in both spectral and electrochemically active nanomaterials for electrochromic device applications.
Ni3S2 Supported on Porous Ball‐milled Silicon, a Highly Selective Electrochemical Sensor for Glucose Determination
Authors: Ensafi Ali A. , Mirzaii Fatemeh , Nasr‐Esfahani Parisa , Rezaei Behzad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, an electrochemical sensor based on Ni3S2 nanoparticles supported on porous ball‐milled silicon was fabricated for measuring glucose. At first, the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified by Ni3S2 nanoparticles supported on a porous ball‐milled silicon substrate. To characterize the modified electrode, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms and BHJ, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental mapping and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used. In the following, the effective parameters on the sensor response such as pH, NaOH concentration, catalyst concentration, applied potential, and rotational speed of the electrode were optimized using cyclic voltammetric (CV) and hydrodynamic amperometric methods. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration curve was plotted using the hydrodynamic amperometric method. Three linear regions were obtained from 0.5–134, 134–1246, and 1246–3546 μM, with a detection limit of 0.2 μM for glucose. Finally, the proposed method was used for measuring glucose levels in human blood serums.
Revamping land coverage analysis using aerial satellite image mapping
Authors: Rajmohan Gowtham , Chinnappan Chandru Vignesh , John William Alfred Daniel , Chandrakrishan Balakrishnan Sivaparthipan , Anand Muthu Bala , Manogaran Gunasekaran 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe customary terrestrial survey involves direct measurement of the land dimension in a particular area. The information accuracy of land dimension changes person to person in the existing method. Moreover, it consumes more time to conduct an assessment and produces a precise outcome. Hence, Remote Sensing offers an effective solution for accurate measurement using the Land Satellite Image Mapping with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) values. Therefore, the proposed model concentrates on the analysis of the object using Landsat Image through categorization based on the field cover analysis. The Geographic Information System (GIS) facilitates convenient measurement to determine the land dimension along with Georeferential tag. In addition to that, the features of each object are preprocessed to reduce the noise and the acquired information is stored in the classifier. Also, the features are trained using 2‐fold validation, which will improve efficiency during detection. Finally, the soft hyperplane discriminators of Gaussian produce better separation accuracy compared to feature classes and object prediction. Furthermore, the Bag of feature model performance is improved by working on Hue, Saturation, and Intensity color map with multifeatured extractions on the sample images. The proposed model was trained with 1800 image samples of various land covers. On testing, the classifiers aggregate 91.4% accuracy on cross‐evaluation between true class and predicted class using medium Gaussian Support Vector Machine.
Identifying blood pressure loci whose effects are modulated by multiple lifestyle exposures
Authors: Osazuwa‐Peters Oyomoare L. , Waken R. J. , Schwander Karen L. , Sung Yun Ju , de Vries Paul S. , Hartz Sarah M. , Chasman Daniel I. , Morrison Alanna C. , Bierut Laura J. , Xiong Chengjie , de las Fuentes Lisa , Rao D. C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough multiple lifestyle exposures simultaneously impact blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular health, most analysis so far has considered each single lifestyle exposure (e.g., smoking) at a time. Here, we exploit gene–multiple lifestyle exposure interactions to find novel BP loci. For each of 6,254 Framingham Heart Study participants, we computed lifestyle risk score (LRS) value by aggregating the risk of four lifestyle exposures (smoking, alcohol, education, and physical activity) on BP. Using the LRS, we performed genome‐wide gene–environment interaction analysis in systolic and diastolic BP using the joint 2 degree of freedom (DF) and 1 DF interaction tests. We identified one genome‐wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) and 11 suggestive (p < 1 × 10−6) loci. Gene–environment analysis using single lifestyle exposures identified only one of the 12 loci. Nine of the 12 BP loci detected were novel. Loci detected by the LRS were located within or nearby genes with biologically plausible roles in the pathophysiology of hypertension, including KALRN, VIPR2, SNX1, and DAPK2. Our results suggest that simultaneous consideration of multiple lifestyle exposures in gene–environment interaction analysis can identify additional loci missed by single lifestyle approaches.
Pharmacist‐driven discontinuation of antipsychotics for ICU delirium: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Stuart Misa M. , Smith Zachary R. , Payter Katelyn A. , Martz Carolyn R. , To Long , Swiderek Jennifer L. , Coba Victor E. , Peters Michael A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe use of antipsychotics reduces the duration of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium. Continuation of antipsychotics prescribed for ICU delirium at hospital discharge has been an increasingly reported phenomenon with risk factors for continuation upon discharge identified.ObjectiveTo evaluate a pharmacist‐driven discontinuation protocol on the rate of patients with an antipsychotic continued at hospital discharge for ICU delirium.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective quasi‐experimental study of patients admitted to the medical, surgical, or cardiac ICU started on antipsychotics for delirium. A protocol was developed for pharmacists to discontinue scheduled antipsychotics once delirium had resolved. The pre‐ and post‐protocol groups included patients between November 2015 to April 2016 and November 2017 to April 2018, respectively. The primary outcome was the rate of antipsychotic continuation at hospital discharge in the pre‐ and postprotocol groups. Secondary outcomes were related to antipsychotic use and adverse events. Chi‐square, Fisher's exact test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and t‐test were used as appropriate.ResultsA total of 158 patients were included. There were no differences in baseline demographics including age, gender, ICU type, baseline QTc, ICU length of stay (LOS) or hospital LOS (25 [13, 34] vs 19 [13, 30] days; P > .05). There was a significant reduction in the rate of antipsychotics continued at hospital discharge with 26 (32.9%) and 6 (7.6%) patients having therapy continued in the pre‐ and postprotocol groups, respectively (P < .001). No differences were noted in antipsychotic continuation upon transfer to floor, QTc prolongation, or recurrence of delirium within 7 days of antipsychotic discontinuation.ConclusionsImplementation of a pharmacist‐driven antipsychotic discontinuation protocol for delirium was associated with a significant decrease in antipsychotic continuation at hospital discharge. The protocol did not result in a significantly higher incidence of QTc prolongation or recurrence of delirium. Future studies are needed to assess antipsychotic discontinuation in the ICU setting.
The possible neurobehavioral protective effects of natural antioxidant against phototoxicity attenuation of antimicrobial quinolone group in rats
Authors: Yahia Rania , Masoud Marwa A. , Sheded Mohamed S. , Mansour Hanaa A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe fluoroquinolones absorb light in the 320 to 330  nm ultraviolet A (UV‐A) wavelength and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide; thus, the photodynamic generation of ROS may be the basis of phototoxicity of quinolones in human beings and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the damaging effects of UV‐A radiation at different periods of exposure on rats' brains administered with ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin administration in UV‐A exposed animals exaggerated the brain‐oxidative stress biomarkers and decreased the locomotor activity. Exposure of rats to UV‐A for 60 minutes induced a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and a decrease in the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) compared to a normal one; these changes were UV‐A exposure time–dependent. However, the administration of vitamin C to the UV‐60‐treated group decreased the values of MDA, MPO, and shifted the values of SOD, GSH toward the normal values. Vitamin C, probably due to its strong antioxidant properties, could improve and partially counteract the toxic effect of UV‐A on oxidative stress parameters and prevent the damage in rat's brain tissues.
Triflumuron induces cytotoxic effects on hepatic and renal human cell lines
Authors: Timoumi Rim , Amara Ines , Ben Salem Intidhar , Abid‐Essefi Salwa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInsect growth regulator insecticides are a new class of pesticides, commonly used around the world to control insect damages. Among those compounds, we focused our interest on triflumuron (TFM), which is less toxic than other conventional insecticides. However, not much is known about its toxic effects on mammalian systems. Therefore, our study aimed toward evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of TFM using two different cell lines, the human renal embryonic cells (HEK 293) and hepatocytes (Hep G2). We showed, according to the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, that TFM reduced significantly the cell viability and increased the reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell lines. The antioxidant system was disturbed as assessed by the increased activities in both catalase and superoxide dismutase. We demonstrated also, that TFM is an inductor of DNA damages quantified by the comet assay. Moreover, we showed an overexpression of proapoptotic Bax and a decrease in antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 expression. As a conclusion, we demonstrate that the liver presents the major target organ to TFM, in which the cytotoxicity and the genotoxic effects were significantly higher in hepatic cells than in renal cells and by consequence its uses must be controlled.
Positron–electron correlation‐polarization potential model for positron binding in polyatomic molecules
Authors: Sugiura Yutaro , Suzuki Haruya , Otomo Takuma , Miyazaki Takaaki , Takayanagi Toshiyuki , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPositron binding energies (PBEs) of 41 polyatomic molecules were calculated using the positron–electron correlation‐polarization potential (CPP) approach and compared with experimentally measured values. In this approach, the short‐range positron–electron potential is modeled using the density‐functional expression, whereas the long‐range potential is approximated by the attractive polarization potential. The positron–electron CPP model based on local‐density approximation yields larger PBEs than experimental values; however, the calculated values can be substantially improved by introducing generalized gradient approximation. We also investigated the conformational dependence of PBEs for representative molecules.
Diagnostic performance of Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) in screening liver fibrosis in health checkups
Authors: Nah Eun‐Hee , Cho Seon , Kim Suyoung , Kim Hye‐Sun , Cho Han‐Ik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMild‐to‐moderate fibrosis is rarely diagnosed because the disease is asymptomatic in the early stage. The serum level of Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) has been found to increase with the severity of liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of M2BPGi in screening liver fibrosis using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) as a reference standard and to compare it with using the aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio (APRI) and the Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) in health checkups.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study consecutively selected subjects at health examinations who underwent MRE and M2BPGi testing at eight health promotion centers in Korea between January and September 2019. The serum M2BPGi level was measured using the chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay method. The measured levels were indexed using the cutoff index (COI). COI values of M2BPGi were compared with the MRE results.ResultsThe median (interquartile) values of COI for fibrosis stages F0 (normal liver stiffness), F1 (mild fibrosis), F2 (significant fibrosis), and ≥F3 (advanced fibrosis) were 0.49 (0.34‐0.61), 0.48 (0.38‐0.68), 0.64 (0.43‐1.03), and 1.01 (0.75‐1.77), respectively (P < .0001). The AUCs of the COI for the screening of fibrosis stage ≥F1, ≥F2, and ≥F3 were 0.591, 0.698, and 0.853, respectively. Using a threshold of 0.75 for COI to exclude advanced fibrosis had a sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value of 80.0%, 77.9%, and 98.9%, respectively. The AUC for excluding advanced fibrosis was better for M2BPGi than for FIB‐4 and APRI.ConclusionSerum M2BPGi was useful for screening significant and advanced fibrosis in health checkups.
Understanding female veterans' experiences and perspectives of firearms
Authors: Monteith Lindsey L. , Holliday Ryan , Dorsey Holliman Brooke A. , Brenner Lisa A. , Simonetti Joseph A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough firearms are the leading suicide means among female veterans, firearm research in this population remains limited. This study explored female veterans' firearm‐related experiences and perspectives.MethodSixteen cisgender female veterans (ages 27‐69) participated in qualitative interviews.ResultsParticipants gained initial firearm knowledge and exposure in childhood and adolescence through older male family members. Military service led to broader exposure to firearms, which were perceived as important for survival and protection in a male‐dominated environment, predominantly due to the risk for sexual violence. Following military service, the desire for self‐protection motivated firearm ownership and storage practices. Participants perceived trust as essential to firearm discussions, preferring for family members to initiate such conversations.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the context in which female veterans' firearm‐related beliefs and practices develop. Interpersonal factors and various lifespan experiences appear to play a vital role in female veterans' firearm access, ownership, and storage practices.
The role of TiO2 nanotube surface on osseointegration of titanium implants: Biomechanical and histological study in rats
Authors: Alves‐Rezende Maria C. R. , Capalbo Letícia C. , De Oliveira Limírio João P. J. , Capalbo Bruna C. , Limírio Pedro H. J. O. , Rosa Jorge L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe nanoscale surface of titanium has been studied to improve the cellular recognition of the biological microenvironment and to increase bone–implant interaction. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotube surface with a machined surface on osseointegration tibia implants without primary stability. This study used an experimental design, divided into two groups (n = 16): commercially pure titanium machined implants (Cp‐Ti Ma) and commercially pure titanium anodized implants (Cp‐Ti An). Titanium nanotubes were produced by anodic oxidation, and the topography of surface was analyzed using field emission scanning microscope (FE‐SEM). The implants (2.1 × 2.8 mm Ø) were surgically placed in the right tibia (defects with milling drill 2.5 × 3.2 mm Ø) of 32 Wistar male rats (250–300 g). The animals were euthanized at 7 weeks postoperatively. The maximum value of removal torque was measured (N/cm) in the right tibia half of each group (8 animals/8 tibiae); the other half of each group underwent a nondecalcified protocol, stained with Stevenel blue/Alizarin red, and the formation of bone tissue in close contact to the implant was measured. The obtained data were analyzed statistically (t test). Differences were considered statistically significant for α < 0.05. Cp‐Ti An implants were significantly higher in removal torque and peri‐implant bone healing compared with Cp‐Ti Ma implants (p < .01). Within the limitations of this study, it was observed that the surface modification of titanium by anodization (TiO2 nanotubes) can improve osseointegration, and this may be very useful to reduce the time required for peri‐implant bone formation.
Modeling carbamazepine transport in wastewater‐irrigated soil under different land uses
Authors: Filipović Lana , Filipović Vilim , Walker Charles W. , Williams Clinton , Preisdanz Heather E. , Watson John E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe pharmaceutical compound carbamazepine (CBZ) is a contaminant of emerging concern. Wastewater irrigation can be a long‐term, frequent source of CBZ; therefore, understanding the fate and transport of CBZ as a result of wastewater reuse practices has important environmental implications. The objective of this study was to estimate long‐term soil transport of CBZ originating from treated wastewater irrigation on plots under different land uses. Field data from a previous study comparing CBZ concentrations in soil under different land uses were used in numerical modeling with HYDRUS‐2D for the estimation of CBZ soil transport during 20 yr of irrigation with treated wastewater. This study showed high CBZ retention in soil under all investigated land uses. Adequate modeling results were obtained by using soil organic carbon–water partitioning coefficient (Koc) for the CBZ linear sorption coefficient (Kd) estimation, yet an underestimation of CBZ concentration in soil was still noted. Thus, results suggest that, although highly important, organic carbon content is probably not the only soil property governing CBZ sorption at this site, indicating the potential research perspective. Modeling results showed wastewater irrigation containing CBZ for 20 yr increased the CBZ concentration in the soil profile and its vertical movement, with the slowest vertical transport rate occurring on the forested plots. Overall results suggest that a beneficial management practice could be to increase soil organic carbon (e.g., compost addition) when using treated wastewater for irrigation in order to retain CBZ in the surface soil and thus limit its leaching through the soil profile.
Assessing the newborn screening education needs of families living in medically underserved areas
Authors: Evans Adrianna , Lynch Molly , Johnson Mihaela , Bonhomme Natasha 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) is a public health service available to all babies born in the United States (US). NBS is one of the first experiences families have in the US healthcare system with a new baby. A positive experience with NBS can give families a strong start to their child's health care and build trusting relationships with providers. A lack of easily accessible NBS education for families can exacerbate health inequalities through negative interactions with the healthcare system. Expecting Health, a maternal and child health education and advocacy initiative of Genetic Alliance, partnered with RTI International to implement an online survey assessing needs and preferences around NBS‐related health education, with a particular interest in those of families living within medically underserved areas (MUAs). A total of 500 participants completed the survey, including 200 participants living in MUAs. The results of the survey showed that, compared with US families living outside of MUAs, families living in MUAs are generally less aware of NBS and do not receive NBS education at the optimal time (i.e., before birth), which could indicate they experience inequities in NBS education. While families across different geographic areas seem to have similar preferences in terms of content for NBS education, the results show that some distinct communication methods are needed to reach families living in MUAs. To bridge the gap in NBS education to families living in MUAs, the Expecting Health team built an online NBS educational module, using preferred communication methods—specified through the survey—for families living in MUAs.