bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying breast cancer patients who gain the most dosimetric benefit from deep inspiration breath hold radiotherapy
Authors: Browne Patricia , Beaton Nakia‐Rae , Sharma Harish , Watson Sharon , Mai G Tao , Harvey Jennifer , Bernard Anne , Brown Elizabeth , Hargrave Catriona , Lehman Margot 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionDeep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) has been proven to reduce cardiac dose for women receiving left breast and chest wall radiation therapy. However, it utilises extra departmental resources and patient exertion. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate if any factors existed that could identify breast cancer patients who may benefit most from DIBH, to facilitate appropriate utilisation of departmental resources.MethodsLeft‐sided breast cancer patients aged 18–70 years, and right‐sided breast cancer patients with internal mammary nodes included, were recruited. DIBH and free breathing (FB) plans were created for all patients. Patient demographic and clinical history were recorded. Variables including lung threshold value, lung volume, patient separation, maximum heart in field, volume of planning target volume (PTV), heart dose, ipsilateral lung dose were compared between plans.ResultsPlans for 31 patients were analysed. No correlations were found between lung threshold value or patient separation and cardiac dose. Moderate to strong correlations were found with BMI, PTV volume and lung volume change however no definitive thresholds were determined. A significant difference was found in the maximum heart in field between DIBH and FB (P < 0.001) with those patients with greater than 0.7 cm heart in the field on the FB scan demonstrating greater reductions in mean heart dose.ConclusionMaximum heart in the field of greater than 0.7 cm in FB could be a potential factor to identify patients who may benefit most from DIBH. This factor warrants investigation in a larger patient cohort to test its validity.
Physiological and biochemical responses of green and red perilla to LED‐based light
Authors: Nguyen Thi Kim Loan , Oh Myung‐Min 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in closed‐type plant production systems to improve biomass and accumulate bioactive compounds in plants. Perilla has been commonly used as herbal medicine because of its health‐promoting effects. This study aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of green and red perilla under various visible‐light spectra.RESULTSResults showed that red (R) LEDs improved fresh weights of shoots and roots, plant height, internode length, node number and leaf area, as well as photosynthetic rate of green and red perilla plants compared to blue (B) LEDs and RB combined LEDs. Meanwhile, B resulted in higher stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and Fv/Fm compared to R. Supplementation of green (G) and far‐red (FR) did not enhance perilla growth. Reduction or absence of B decreased leaf thickness, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, and palisade and spongy mesophyll. Total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, rosmarinic acid content and caffeic acid content of green perilla were higher under R, R8B2 and RGB + FR, while greater values were obtained in red perilla under R. Accumulation of perillaldehyde, luteolin and apigenin presented different trends from those of rosmarinic and caffeic acids in both cultivars.CONCLUSIONSGrowth and accumulation of bioactive compounds in green perilla were greater than in red perilla under similar light quality, and R LEDs or a higher R ratio in combination treatments were suitable for cultivating high‐quality green and red perilla plants in closed‐type plant factories. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Improvement of the stabilities and antioxidant activities of polyphenols from the leaves of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) using β‐cyclodextrin‐based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Ming‐Fen , Wang Liang , Tan Jin , Li Rong , Jiang Zi‐Tao , Tang Shu‐Hua , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenols extracted from plants are usually highly unstable and rapidly transformed into various reaction products during food and drug processing, thus limiting their applications. To improve the stability and solubility of polyphenols from the leaves of Chinese star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.), and hence to expand their application to food and medicine, the extracted anise leaf polyphenols (ALPs) were microencapsulated using β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) and cyclodextrin‐based metal–organic frameworks (β‐CD‐MOFs).RESULTSThe optimum inclusion rate of ALP/β‐CD‐MOFs was 97.80% at a core–wall ratio of 1:10. Meanwhile, the stabilities, solubilities and antioxidant activities of the polyphenols before and after inclusion were compared. The results showed both the stabilities and solubilities of ALP/β‐CD‐MOFs were significantly improved compared with those of ALPs and ALP/β‐CD, suggesting the potential of β‐CD‐MOFs as newer and better carriers than β‐CD for polyphenols in food industry applications. The free radical (including superoxide, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals) scavenging activities were also improved by microencapsulation. Superoxide radical scavenging reaction also showed slow‐release property of ALP/β‐CD‐MOFs. The formation of the inclusion complex was further confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectral characterization.CONCLUSIONSMicroencapsulation with β‐CD‐MOFs could expand the application scope of ALPs, and it is more effective than encapsulation with β‐CD. This is important for a better understanding and application of this useful traditional Chinese plant. As a new material with high efficiency and edibility, β‐CD‐MOFs are not limited to the chemical field, but also have potential in new areas of food, medicine and healthcare products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Protein microspheres as structuring agents in lipids: potential for reduction of total and saturated fat in food products
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Ayyub Azhar , Iqbal Haroon , Chen Xiao Dong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExcess consumption of total and saturated fats is linked to the development of chronic diseases, such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. There is therefore considerable interest in the development of foods containing lower levels of total and saturated fats, but that still have the same desirable physicochemical and sensory characteristics as the original foods. Solid fats normally contribute a number of key functional attributes to foods due to their ability to form crystalline networks that alter texture (such as elasticity, plasticity, and spreadability) and appearance (such as opacity and creaminess). The aim of this review is to provide an overview and to discuss the potential applications of food proteins as fat structuring agents that may be able to offer some of the desirable attributes normally supplied by saturated and trans fats. Previous studies have shown that globular proteins (such as whey proteins) trapped inside water‐in‐oil emulsions form protein microspheres when they are thermally denatured, which leads to the creation of highly viscous or solid‐like lipid phases, having higher rheological properties. These protein microspheres may therefore be useful for the development of reduced fat margarines and spreads with reduced level of saturated/trans‐fat contents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Kinetics and thermodynamics of rebaudioside A adsorption on a strongly acidic cation exchange resin
Authors: Chen Bin , He Jiaxin , Xiao Xia , Li Rong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo explain the mechanism underlying the adsorption of stevia's polar component rebaudioside A in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode, the characteristics of rebaudioside A adsorption on various resins in an organic‐solvent‐rich system were studied. Among the tested resins, the strongly acidic cation resin FPC11 showed the best adsorption behavior for rebaudioside A. The factors affecting the adsorption kinetics of the resin for rebaudioside A are discussed. The results showed that the pseudo‐second‐order reaction model and intra‐particle diffusion model best described the adsorption kinetics of rebaudioside A on the resin. The adsorption rate was controlled by physical sorption, mainly via electron sharing or electron transfer between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. The adsorption process with multiple stages involved weak initial adsorption behavior. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of rebaudioside A on the resin was not an ideal monolayer adsorption, but mutual adsorption effects between the adsorbates. The adsorption was a spontaneous, entropy‐increasing endothermic process. The synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and ion–dipole was a possible driving force.
Development and applications of deep eutectic solvent derived functional materials in chromatographic separation
Authors: Li Linnan , Liu Yamin , Wang Zhengtao , Yang Li , Liu Huwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents have received increasing attention over the past decade, and the green and versatile nature makes them important media for developing environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. In addition to act as green alternatives to traditional organic solvents, deep eutectic solvents offer tremendous opportunities to produce different kinds of emerging functional materials. The present review highlights the recent development and applications of deep functional materials based on deep eutectic solvents as novel adsorbents for diverse analytes in complex matrices. The type, preparation, and unique properties of deep eutectic solvents, the synthesis of deep eutectic solvent derived materials, as well as their applications in chromatographic separation are described. We aim to demonstrate that deep eutectic solvents not only allow the design of eco‐friendly extraction processes but also open straightforward access to advanced materials in sample preparation.
Synthesis of an organic‐inorganic hybrid absorbent for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of bisphenol A
Authors: Nasrollahi Seyedeh Sara , Yamini Yadollah , Shamsayei Maryam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis research is an application of fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for the extraction and determination of trace amounts of bisphenol A. Nanomagnetic Fe3O4 was formed on the surface of polypropylene porous hollow fibers to increase the surface area and then it was coated with polystyrene. The introduction of polystyrene improves the surface hydrophobicity and is an appropriate extractive phase because it is highly stable in aquatic media. The extraction was carried out in a short capillary packed longitudinally with the fine fibers as the extraction medium. Extraction conditions, including extraction and desorption flow rates, extraction time, pH, and ionic strength of the sample solution, were investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection was 0.01 µg/L. This method showed good linearity for bisphenol A in the range of 0.033–1000 µg/L, with the coefficient of determination of 0.9984. The inter‐ and intraday precisions (RSD%, n = 3) were 7.9 and 6.3%, respectively. Finally, the method was applied to analysis of the analyte in thermal papers, disposable plastic cups, and soft drink bottles.
The utility of silica hydride‐based stationary phases for dual‐mode ultra high performance liquid chromatography separation of synthetic cathinone positional isomers
Authors: Ploumen Carly , Marginean Ioan , Lurie Ira S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmerging drugs usually mimic the effects of traditional drugs, but are not always controlled due to the chemically altered structures. Positional isomers of emerging drugs are difficult to analyze because they challenge the separation and detection techniques commonly employed by forensic laboratories. The utility of silica hydride stationary phases for the ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography separation of synthetic cathinone positional isomers was studied in this manuscript. SiH phases are operable under both reversed phase and aqueous normal phase chromatographic conditions without the need to change solvent reservoirs. The separation of eight positional isomers of the synthetic cathinone, pentedrone, was investigated using five silica hydride phases, and compared to a classical dual column reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction chromatography system, and to a bimodal pentaflurophenyl column. Significant selectivity differences were observed using either a combination of a classical reversed phase C18 and NP Silica columns or the various bimodal columns. The silica hydride silica‐C column, which contains no derivatized ligands attached to the silica hydride backbone, not only gave the most orthogonal separation of the bimodal columns, but provided a unique separation of all eight positional isomers (resolution ≥ 1) using the combination of reverse phase and aqueous normal phase chromatographic conditions.
Alkenones as a temperature proxy in fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) tissues
Authors: Rita Diego , Berdié Lourdes , Borrell Asuncion , Aguilar Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlkenones are a group of extremely resilient molecules produced by cosmopolitan haptophyte organisms. The unsaturation index () of di‐ vs. tri‐unsaturated C37 alkenones (C37:2·(C37:2 + C37:3)−1) can be used to estimate the temperature of the water in which the alkenone‐producing organisms grew. Alkenones have been widely used in paleoceanography, but they have received little attention in other fields. In this study, a method to detect alkenones in fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) tissues is developed to adapt this technique to the marine ecology field. Five replicas of five tissues (stomach content, external blubber, internal blubber, muscle, and liver) were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alkenones were present in both blubber tissues (66 ± 57 ng g−1 in external blubber and 145 ± 89 ng g−1 in internal blubber), and in the stomach content (3126 ± 2643 ng g−1). The calculated index was very similar in the three tissues: 0.54 ± 0.03 in the external blubber, 0.55 ± 0.08 in the internal blubber, and 0.71 ± 0.06 in the stomach content. These indexes are equivalent to a sea surface temperature estimates of 17.79 ± 0.68°C in the external blubber, 17.84 ± 1.84°C in the internal blubber, and 21.07 ± 1.23°C in the stomach content, which are very similar to the expected temperature for the region. The results of the current study indicate that alkenones biodilute in the trophic web, which could hinder the analyses of alkenones in species with a high trophic level. However, it is shown that alkenones can be detected in fin whale tissues and can be used to approximate the environmental water temperature where these animals feed.
A simpler description of the κ‐topologies on the spaces DLp,Lp,M1
Authors: Bargetz Christian , Nigsch Eduard A. , Ortner Norbert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor the spaces , and , we consider the topology of uniform convergence on absolutely convex compact subsets of their (pre‐)dual space. Following the notation of J. Horváth's book we call these topologies κ‐topologies. They are given by a neighbourhood basis consisting of polars of absolutely convex and compact subsets of their (pre‐)dual spaces. In many cases it is more convenient to work with a description of the topology by means of a family of semi‐norms defined by multiplication and/or convolution with functions and by classical norms. We give such families of semi‐norms generating the κ‐topologies on the above spaces of functions and measures defined by integrability properties. In addition, we present a sequence‐space representation of the spaces equipped with the κ‐topology, which complements a result of J. Bonet and M. Maestre. As a byproduct, we give a characterisation of the compact subsets of the spaces , and .
Bent folded‐end dipole head array for ultrahigh‐field MRI turns “dielectric resonance” from an enemy to a friend
Authors: Avdievich Nikolai I. , Solomakha Georgiy , Ruhm Loreen , Bause Jonas , Scheffler Klaus , Henning Anke 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo provide transmit whole‐brain coverage at 9.4 T using an array with only eight elements and improve the specific absorption rate (SAR) performance, a novel dipole array was developed, constructed, and tested.MethodsThe array consists of eight optimized bent folded‐end dipole antennas circumscribing a head. Due to the asymmetrical shape of the dipoles (bending and folding) and the presence of an RF shield near the folded portion, the array simultaneously excites two modes: a circular polarized mode of the array itself, and the TE mode (“dielectric resonance”) of the human head. Mode mixing can be controlled by changing the length of the folded portion. Due to this mixing, the new dipole array improves longitudinal coverage as compared with unfolded dipoles. By optimizing the length of the folded portion, we can also minimize the peak local SAR (pSAR) value and decouple adjacent dipole elements.ResultsThe new array improves the SEE (<

>/√pSAR) value by about 50%, as compared with the unfolded bent dipole array. It also provides better whole‐brain coverage compared with common single‐row eight‐element dipole arrays, or even to a more complex double‐row 16‐element surface loop array.ConclusionIn general, we demonstrate that rather than compensating for the constructive interference effect using additional hardware, we can use the “dielectric resonance” to improve coverage, transmit field homogeneity, and SAR efficiency. Overall, this design approach not only improves the transmit performance in terms of the coverage and SAR, but substantially simplifies the common surface loop array design, making it more robust, and therefore safer.
Numerical solutions and stability analysis for solitary waves of complex modified Korteweg–de Vries equation using Chebyshev pseudospectral methods
Authors: Mittal Avinash K. , Balyan Lokendra K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this research article, the authors investigate the interaction of solitary waves for complex modified Korteweg–de Vries (CMKdV) equations using Chebyshev pseudospectral methods. The proposed method is established in both time and space to approximate the solutions and to prove the stability analysis for the equations. The derivative matrices are defined at Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobbato points and the problem is reduced to a diagonally block system of coupled nonlinear equations. For numerical experiments, the method is tested on a number of different examples to study the behavior of interaction of two and more than two solitary waves, single solitary wave at different amplitude parameters and different polarization angles. Numerical results support the theoretical results. A comprehensive comparison of numerical results with the exact solutions and other numerical methods are presented. The rate of convergence of the proposed method is obtained up to seventh‐order.
Evaluation of BMI Metrics to Assess Change in Adiposity in Children with Overweight and Moderate and Severe Obesity
Authors: Barlow Sarah E. , Salahuddin Meliha , Durand Casey , Pont Stephen J. , Hoelscher Deanna M. , Butte Nancy F. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the relation between change in different BMI metrics and change in adiposity over a 12‐month weight management intervention.MethodsBaseline and 12‐month weights and heights from 399 children aged 2 to 12 years with BMI ≥ 85th percentile were used to calculate BMI, %BMIp95, %BMIp50, BMI z‐score (BMIz), and modified BMI z‐score (BMImz). Changes (Δ) in these measures were compared with changes in body fat percent (Δfat%) from bioelectrical impedance assessment. Correlation and regression models predicting associations between ΔBMI metrics and Δfat% were examined.ResultsA total of 89% of the cohort was Hispanic, and 34% had class 2 or 3 obesity. In models predicting Δfat% adjusting for age, sex, and weight category, R2 for ΔBMI, ΔBMIz, BMImz, Δ%BMIp95, and Δ%BMIp50 were 0.53, 0.38, 0.45, 0.53, and 0.54, respectively (all P < 0.001). Only the ΔBMIz model had an interaction with weight status. Among the models with the highest R2, age group and sex interacted with the Δ%BMIp95 model but not ΔBMI or ΔBMIp50 models.ConclusionsLongitudinal analyses demonstrate the utility of several BMI metrics other than z‐score in capturing adiposity change consistently across a range of obesity severity. Characteristics of studied groups and interpretability could influence metric choice.
Hybrid Ni‐Al layered double hydroxide/graphene reinforced polyvinyl alcohol/starch blends
Authors: PA Sreekumar , Afzal Hafiz Muhammad , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNi‐Al layered double hydroxide/graphene hybrid fillers were prepared via co‐precipitation method. The structural and thermal studies of these fillers were conducted using X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Subsequently, by using solution casting method, these fillers were introduced into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/starch matrix as reinforcing agent. For the composites, characteristic peaks of Ni‐Al‐LDH/graphene disappeared irrespective of filler content. TGA showed an increase in the initial degradation temperature (234‐242 °C) when filler content was increased from 0 to 2 wt%. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis exhibited an increase in heat of fusion (ΔHm), melting temperature (Tm) and percentage crystallinity values for the PVA/ starch matrix having 1 wt% of filler. Similar trend was observed for tensile strength and Young's modulus of composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a homogeneous distribution of filler throughout the matrix.
A prospective study on rapid exome sequencing as a diagnostic test for multiple congenital anomalies on fetal ultrasound
Authors: Corsten‐Janssen Nicole , Bouman Katelijne , Diphoorn Janouk C. D. , Scheper Arjen J. , Kinds Rianne , el Mecky Julia , Breet Hanna , Verheij Joke B. G. M. , Suijkerbuijk Ron , Duin Leonie K. , Manten Gwendolyn T. R. , van Langen Irene M. , Sijmons Rolf H. , Sikkema‐Raddatz Birgit , Westers Helga , van Diemen Cleo C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveConventional genetic tests (quantitative fluorescent‐PCR [QF‐PCR] and single nucleotide polymorphism‐array) only diagnose ~40% of fetuses showing ultrasound abnormalities. Rapid exome sequencing (rES) may improve this diagnostic yield, but includes challenges such as uncertainties in fetal phenotyping, variant interpretation, incidental unsolicited findings, and rapid turnaround times. In this study, we implemented rES in prenatal care to increase diagnostic yield.MethodsWe prospectively studied 55 fetuses. Inclusion criteria were: (a) two or more independent major fetal anomalies, (b) hydrops fetalis or bilateral renal cysts alone, or (c) one major fetal anomaly and a first‐degree relative with the same anomaly. In addition to conventional genetic tests, we performed trio rES analysis using a custom virtual gene panel of ~3850 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) genes.ResultsWe established a genetic rES‐based diagnosis in 8 out of 23 fetuses (35%) without QF‐PCR or array abnormalities. Diagnoses included MIRAGE (SAMD9), Zellweger (PEX1), Walker‐Warburg (POMGNT1), Noonan (PTNP11), Kabuki (KMT2D), and CHARGE (CHD7) syndrome and two cases of Osteogenesis Imperfecta type 2 (COL1A1). In six cases, rES diagnosis aided perinatal management. The median turnaround time was 14 (range 8‐20) days.ConclusionImplementing rES as a routine test in the prenatal setting is challenging but technically feasible, with a promising diagnostic yield and significant clinical relevance.