bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult Development and Aging in Historical Context
Authors: Gerstorf Denis , Drewelies Johanna , Duezel Sandra , Wahl Hans-Werner , Löckenhoff Corinna , Demuth Ilja , Ram Nilam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human development is shaped by socio-cultural contexts and the historical changes therein. Empirical reports suggest that old age has gotten “younger”, both on behavioral measures and in people’s perception. Here, we move one step further and shed light on key quality of life facets not yet well understood. We compare matched cohorts (each n = 250, Mage = 77) assessed 25 years apart in the Berlin Aging Studies (1990–93 vs. 2017–18). Extending the evidence to personality, older adults today are on average lower on neuroticism and higher on openness than their age peers in the past. Qualifying the picture, no evidence emerged for historical changes across four indices of perceptions of aging. Rounding out the picture, we also observed that older adults today perceive more time pressure than age peers 25 years ago. We discuss implications of this nuanced picture of historical changes among older adults.
Historical Changes in Aging Trajectories of Two Aspects of Self-Perceptions of Aging
Authors: Huxhold Oliver , Spuling Svenja , Wurm Susanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years many studies have shown that adults with more positive self-perceptions of aging (SPA) increase their likelihood of aging healthily. Other studies have documented historical changes in individual resources and contextual conditions associated with aging. We explored how these historical changes are reflected in birth-cohort differences in aging trajectories of two aspects of SPA – viewing aging as ongoing development or as increasing physical losses. Using large-scale cohort-sequential data assessed across 21 years (N ≈ 19,000), the analyses modeled birth-cohort differences in aging trajectories of SPA from 40 to 85 years of age. The results illustrated differential birth-cohort differences: Later-born cohorts may experience more potential for ongoing development with advancing age than earlier-born cohorts. However, later-born cohorts seem to view their own aging as more negative than earlier-born cohorts during their early forties but may associate their aging less with physical losses after the age of fifty.
Depression Dynamics Across a Decade: Daily Affective Experience and Yearly Depressive Symptomatology
Authors: Joiner Raquael , Bergeman C S , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Guangjian , Valentino Kristin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent conceptualizations of depression and supporting empirical work suggests that elevations and allievations of depressive symptoms can be understood from a dynamic systems perspective. Specifically, depression is proposed to result from strong-feedback loops in a system comprised of highly interdependent component parts (e.g., affect states). Supporting this perspective, individual differences in emotional interia and strong connections across emotions at micro-level timescales have been consistently associated with individual differences in depressive symptomatology such that individuals with greater emotional inertia and cross-emotion relations show higher levels of depressive symptoms. Importantly, however, individual differences do not necessarily translate to intraindividual change. The present study explores whether emotional connectivity at the daily timescale differs within individuals across a ten-year span and how these associations relate to intraindividual changes in depressive symptomatology. The results of these individual-level analyses will help further a dynamic systems perspective of depression and help inform clinical interventions for depression.
The Correlates of Cognitive Status Among Older Americans Living in the Community: Does Gender Make a Difference?
Authors: Cheung Ethan Siu Leung , Mui Ada , Hoffman Seth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Utilizing the data in National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (n = 3,104; 54% female), the study examined the predictors of cognitive impairments in terms of community harmony, community safety, frequency of neighbor contacts, depression, and demographic factors. Bivariate analyses suggest that there were no gender differences in cognitive status (Mean of MoCA Short Form = 9.89; SD = 3.33); nor were there gender differences in age (mean age = 72.95; SD=8.29), ethnic composition (76.1% whites; 15.3% Blacks, 8.6% Asian), community harmony, community safety, frequency of neighbor contacts. On the other hand, men had more education and income than women. Psychologically, older women reported higher level of stress and depression scores than older men. Multiple regression results show that gender has a significant independent effect and joint effects with stressors and community factors in explaining cognitive impairments. Parallel regression analyses for each gender group were conducted and models were significant (P &lt; .0001). There were common predictors of cognitive impairments for the two groups but variables had differential impacts on older men and older women. Specifically, IADL had stronger effect on older men than on older women in predicting cognitive impairments (b = -.23 vs. b=-.10); perceived community harmony had stronger impact on older women in explaining their cognitive status (b = .26 vs. b=.22); older women’s cognitive status benefitted more from perceived community safety than older men (b = .61 vs. b=.43). Regardless of gender, older Whites scored higher than Black and Asian elders in their cognition scores.
Relationship Quality and Cognition Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Turney Indira , Amini Reza , Katz Benjamin , Ajrouch Kristine , Antonucci Toni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Quality of social relations have increasingly been recognized as an important factor in cognitive health in later adulthood. Less is known about the association of relationship quality with executive functioning (EF) and memory; and whether the links differ by race/ethnicity. In this paper, we investigated the associations between positive and negative quality of relationship with spouse, children, family, and friends with EF and memory across non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Whites. Participants are drawn from Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (N = 2,678). Independent of network size and contact, relationship quality with family was linked to EF. Racial differences were found such that negative relationship quality with children was protective of EF for blacks. Relationship qualities were not associated with memory. These findings indicate that examining quality of relationship with distinct relationships may be essential for understanding the association with cognition, especially in the context of race/ethnicity.
Barriers to Engage Low-Skilled Adults in Educational Opportunities: A Global Perspective
Authors: Helsinger Abigail , Hicks Nytasia , Young Meghan , Dikhtyar Oksana , Cummins Phyllis , Yamashita Taka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The demand for adult education and training (AET) opportunities is substantial as older adults are remaining in the labor force at older ages, and are facing substantial technological changes in the workplace. Strategies to engage middle-aged and older adult workers in AET often exclude low-skilled and sub-populations. The engagement of these sub-populations in AET is challenging as access, awareness, and program costs associated with AET opportunities often target highly skilled populations. The inequality in AET participation warrants specific programs and strategies to address challenges low-skilled adult workers face in pursuing AET. The purpose of this study is to identify AET opportunities for low-skilled middle-aged and older adults, as well as highlight major barriers to engage and retain these sub-population in AET. Data were collected from 36 key informants through semi-structured interviews and through document reviews. Key informants represented Australia, Canada, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, the U.K., and the U.S. Descriptive methods were used to identify barriers in recruiting and retaining low-skilled middle-aged and older adults. We particularly focused on the barriers related to cost, language, access, and awareness. Results highlighted opportunities tailored to support adult workers in the pursuit of adult learning opportunities both domestically and internationally. Barriers including learning histories, lack of long-term person-centered support, as well as the role of multiple forms of learning, such as formal and informal learning, were identified. Last, we provide recommendations for recruiting and retaining middle-aged and older adult workers in AET programs.
VA Peer Providers Supporting Physical Health and Wellness Among Aging Veterans With Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Muralidharan Anjana , Peeples Amanda , Lucksted Alicia , Goldberg Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a growing evidence base for the utility of peers in supporting physical health outcomes among aging Veterans with mental illness. This talk will consider two questions: (1) what does it mean to be a “peer” when the focus is improving physical health, and (2) how does peer support promote health behavior change? In considering these questions, select peer-delivered interventions recently or currently being tested in the VA will be discussed. Data from qualitative interviews (N=16; ages 47-75) from a recent RCT of Living Well, a peer co-facilitated group intervention promoting illness self-management, will be presented. These data shed light on the peer role, especially the role of peer self-disclosure in promoting group cohesion, social learning, self-efficacy, and health behavior change. Notably, when physical health is the focus, participants relate to peer providers across diverse characteristics, and not necessarily based on a shared lived experience of mental illness.
Veteran Status Matters! Life Course Perspectives on the Health and Well-Being of Aging Veterans
Authors: Spiro Avron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Military service during early life can result in exposure to traumatic events that can reverberate throughout life. Although much attention is focused on the negative effects of military service, many veterans report positive effects. These papers explore life course effects of military service on veterans’ health and well-being. Three used national US longitudinal cohorts (HRS, MIDUS); two sampled veterans from Oregon or from Korea. Three compared veterans to non-veterans; two examined veterans only. Cheng and colleagues found that veterans in HRS are more likely to be risk-averse than non-veterans. Risk aversion matters because it determines how people make decisions and predicts a wide array of health and economic outcomes. Kurth and colleagues examined Oregon veterans from several wars, finding PTSD symptoms were highest among Vietnam combat veterans, the oldest cohort; there were no differences among non-combat veterans. Piazza and colleagues examined in MIDUS the impact of veteran status on cortisol, a stress biomarker, finding older veterans more likely had non-normative patterns than did younger or non-veterans. Lee and colleagues studied patterns of mental health among Korean Vietnam veterans, identifying two patterns as ‘normal’ and ‘resilient’ encompassing half the sample; these veterans demonstrated positive outcomes of military service. Frochen and colleagues compared depression trajectories between veterans and non-veterans in HRS, finding veterans had less depression than non-veterans, but among veterans, trajectories varied based on extent of service. in sum, these papers demonstrate that military service can have positive as well as negative effects on veterans’ health and well-being in later life. Aging Veterans: Effects of Military Service across the Life Course Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
Interplay Between Socioeconomic Markers and Genetic Predisposition to the Time to Dementia Onset
Authors: Ajnakina Olesya , Cadar Dorina , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Identifying interplay between socio-economic markers (education and financial resources) and genetic factors influencing time of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis is of central relevance for the development of preventative strategies. Using 7039 individuals aged &gt;50 years from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 320 (4.6%) of whom developed dementia over the 10-year follow-up, we investigated interactions between polygenic score for AD (AD-PGS) and socioeconomic markers on the timing of dementia or AD diagnosis. One standard deviation increase in AD-PGS was associated with an accelerated time to dementia onset by 4.8 months. Interactions between AD-PGS and lower wealth accelerated time to AD diagnosis by 24 months; an interaction between AD-PGS and years of schooling in decelerating time to AD by 3.0 months suggests education serves as protective mechanisms against AD diagnosis. Socio-economic markers are important factors influencing time to dementia and AD, particularly in those with polygenetic predisposition to AD.
Exploring Cause of Death in Social Convoy Membership: The Case of Pauline
Authors: Stemen Sara , de Medeiros Kate , Radina M Elise 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
People receive support from a fluid convoy of individuals. Historically, convoy membership has been limited to meaningful, living persons. However, research incorporating the continuing bonds model suggests that individuals who have died can also be convoy members as relationships can be preserved through pictures, memories, and after death communication experiences. Building on this idea, this presentation uses a qualitative case study to explore whether (and if so, how) continuing bond relationships are influenced by the way that individuals die. Pauline, a 67 year-old widow, compares the “natural” deaths of her sister and father-in-law to the suicide of her husband. Careful readings of her interview transcript reveal that the unexpected way that her husband died became a salient part of her identity and the way she connects with others. Consequently, this case study provides insights for researchers who may consider cause of death as a potential contributing factor to convoy membership.
End of Life: A New Life Course Stage for Older Adults and Their Families?
Authors: Carr Deborah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Over the past two centuries, death has transitioned from an unexpected and uncontrollable event to a protracted process that requires individuals and families to make difficult decisions regarding where and under what conditions one will die. This new life course stage, spanning the period from diagnosis to death, provides older adults and their families an opportunity to prepare for difficult medical decisions, yet also may be a time marked by suffering and conflict. In this paper, I provide an overview of the technological, demographic, and legal context of end-of-life in the 21st century, and its implications for the quality of life for dying patients and their families. I underscore that historical shifts have created a context in which the quality of one’s end-of-life experiences and autonomy are stratified by race and socioeconomic status, creating challenges for older adults and their loved ones. I highlight implications for research, policy, and practice.
Disparities in Community Immunization Rates in New England: Findings From the Healthy Aging Data Reports
Authors: Rataj Alison , Silverstein Nina , Lee Chae Man , Wang Haowei , Chunga Richard , Jansen Taylor , Dugan Beth , Wang Shuangshuang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vaccinations are effective preventive tools yet are underutilized in the older adult population. The purpose of this study was to describe community rates of three vaccines (flu, pneumonia, and shingles) in MA, NH, and RI. State and community rates were compared to identify disparities. Data sources were the CMS Medicare Current Beneficiary Summary file (2013-2015) for the vaccine rates and the American Community Survey (2012-2016) for population characteristics. Small area estimation techniques were used to calculate age-sex adjusted community rates in each state and are reported at the community level and statewide. Results showed comparable rates of flu immunization (MA 60.8%; RI 59.1%; NH 59.3%). NH had the best statewide rate of pneumonia immunization (77.8%) and MA had the worst (72.0%). There was variation in shingles vaccination rate: 39.7% in MA and 30.3% in RI, perhaps reflecting differences in access. Within state disparities were observed. MA shingles vaccine rates ranged 57.80% - 21.17%, pneumonia ranged 79.78% - 61.21%, and flu ranged 71.09% - 51.46%. In RI shingles vaccination rates ranged 42.1% - 21.1%, pneumonia ranged 82.1% - 61.8% and flu ranged 68.4% - 52.1%. In NH pneumonia rates ranged 84.18% - 71.87% and flu ranged 67.14% - 52.11%. Strategies to address within and between state disparities are needed. Greater awareness of the benefits of preventive measures like vaccines may also help improve rates. Materials like the GSA guideline about aging and immunizations could be useful in educating providers and policymakers. This research is funded by the Tufts Health Plan Foundation.
Extra Health and Health-Related Costs of Living With Frailty Among Rural and Urban Elders in China
Authors: Zhang Yalu , Mui Ada 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Growing attention has been focused on how to improve the affordability and accessibility of healthcare services, especially for elders (aged 55 and above) who have higher levels of medical needs. Following the standard of living approach, which assumes that people’s standard of living would be negatively affected if additional needs (i.e., healthcare) arise at a given level of household income, this secondary research examines elders’ extra health and health-related costs of having chronic diseases and disabilities in rural (n=5,509) and urban (n=3,225) areas of China. Bivariate analyses show there were no significant differences between rural and urban groups in terms of the prevalence of having one or more chronic diseases (56% vs. 58%) and at least one type of disability (15% vs. 13%). Multivariate analyses indicate that living with chronic diseases incurred more extra costs for rural elders than their urban peers, after controlling for individual and household characteristics. On average, rural elders who had at least three chronic medical conditions would spend 108.3% more on medical services than those who had no chronic disease; elders with at least two types of disabilities would spend 59.8% more than those with no disability. The extra health-related costs were boosted when people had at least one type of disability (63.6%), but this was not the case for those who had chronic diseases. Statistical significance was not found among urban elders in China regarding both health and health-related expenditures. The results suggest that rural elders need support to manage their chronic health conditions.
Long-Term Care Nurses’ Intent to Stay, Job Characteristics, and Organizational Justice : A Structural Equation Model
Authors: Wang Lin , Miao Miao , Yu Xiaoping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background：Gratifying the elderly health-care demands and promoting high-quality of nursing services are based on the effort of long-term care(LTC) nurses. However, the high turnover rate of LTC nurses has become very serious in China. What remains unclear is whether the organizational justice and job characteristics affect the LTC nurses’ intention to stay. Objective: The aim was to investigate intention to stay among LTC nurses in relation to organizational justice and job characteristics. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 545 LTC nurses. Data collection was performed between July and November 2019. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Most of LTC nurses reported to stay in nursing or current work place, however they still had strong desire to leave if there were other job opportunities. Organizational justice and job characteristics were significant predictors of LTC nurses intent to stay. LTC nurses job characteristics partially mediates the relationship between organizational justice and intent to stay. Conclusion: This would suggest the importance of administrators/ managers understanding how to promote organizational justice, foster a justice climate and increase LTC nurses’ perceived job characteristics. The organizational justice culture programs should be develop as LTC nurses retention strategy.
Avoidable Deaths--Nursing Practice Failures to Honor Advanced Directives in SNFs--A National Sample
Authors: Dellefield Mary , Batz Byron , Verkaaik Catherine , Carter Diane , Madrigal Caroline 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ongoing evidence of failures to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) has resulted in the federal regulation - F678 Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). Descriptions of CPR-related non-compliance and nursing practice failures are contained in Statements of Deficiencies (CMS-2567). These data provide a unique opportunity to describe practice failures at the point-of-care. A mixed methods case study using content analysis and descriptive statistics was used for a purposeful sample of SODs from 11 SNFs in six states derived from a 2012 first quarter national CMS report of 42 avoidable deaths associated with immediate jeopardy citations. A codebook was developed and tested, based on empirical evidence reported in Office of Inspector General (OIG) 2014 Adverse Events and the Institute of Medicine 2004 nursing surveillance framework. Two trained and independent coders analyzed data. Analysis of SOD quality was conducted. Patterns of practice failures were identified. Ownership included 3 not-for-profit; 1 governmental; and 7 for-profit facilities. The 2012-star ratings ranged from 1.0 – 2.8. The practices of 5 RNs and 5 DONs were described. OIG categories included abuse and neglect, care transitions, and medications. Practice failures were associated with inadequate initiation of CPR resulting from improper processing of orders, poor identification of resident status, poor RN and DON surveillance, absence of CPR certified staff, and a lack of urgency in nursing’s response. The quality of SODs, based on 5 parameters, ranged from 18% - 100%. SODs are useful as data sources. Identified practice failures are useful in developing best practice protocols.