bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numeracy, adult education, and vulnerable adults: a critical view of a neglected field
Authors: Gal Iddo , Grotlüschen Anke , Tout Dave , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis survey paper examines selected issues related to the intersection of three broad scholarly areas:numeracy,adult education, andvulnerability. Numeracy encompasses the ways in which people cope with the mathematical, quantitative, and statistical demands of adult life, and is viewed as an important outcome of schooling and as a foundational skill for all adults. The focus on vulnerability stems from the realization that concerns of policy makers and educators alike often center on populations seen as vulnerable. The paper is organized in five sections. After a brief introduction, Section 2 examines adult numeracy, focusing on five numeracy domains (health, financial, digital, civic, and workplace numeracy), literacy–numeracy linkages, functional and critical aspects of numeracy, and the centrality of numeracy practices, and notes sources of vulnerability for each of these. Section 3 sketches formal, non-formal and informal contexts in which adults learn or develop their numeracy, and examines factors that may be potential sources of vulnerability, including systemic factors and dispositional and affect factors. Section 4 reflects more broadly on the concept of vulnerability, introduces selected aspects of the papers published in this issue ofZDM Mathematics Education, and points to findings regarding adult learners who may be deemed vulnerable. The closing section summarizes conclusions and research directions regarding the intersection of the three core domains. Overall, the paper points to emerging research needs and educational challenges that are relevant to scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in developing the numeracy of adults as well as in the mathematics education of younger learners.
Jews, Mobility, and Sex: Popular Entertainment between Budapest, Vienna, and New York around 1900
Authors: Korbel Susanne 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the coinciding of the mass migration from Europe to the Americas and the emergence of mass culture, two developments that shaped everyday life, popular entertainment, and Jewish and non-Jewish relations at the turn of the twentieth century. Jewish actors and actresses were among the most prominent performers who staged inOrpheums,Varietés, and vaudevilles on both sides of the Atlantic. In their performances they drew on the notion of a new quality of mobility that society was experiencing, utilizing it to negotiate issues such as of the cultural construction of identities and Jewishness, or to critically reexamine antisemitic and nationalistic attitudes. On the one hand, mobility enabled negotiations of controversial issues. On the other hand, mobility led to accusations against popular entertainment, both legitimate and erroneous—for example, that vaudevilles functioned as covers for clandestine prostitution. Therefore, the article examines the question of how mobility influenced popular culture. What were the controversial issues that mobility raised, and what accusations did these evoke? In what ways did actors and actresses in popular culture address gender and Jewishness? To answer these questions, the article analyzes the spaces of popular entertainment in Budapest, Vienna, and New York through close examinations of newspapers, manuscripts, playbills, and records of censorship.
Differentiating and connecting indicators: the quality and performance of law in the World Bank's Doing Business Project
Authors: Arslan Melike 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScholars have long argued that transnational legal indicators (TLIs) suffer from significant validity problems. In response to such critiques, the World Bank (WB) reformed its Doing Business (DB) legal indicators in 2014. This paper evaluates two important results of this reform: the WB distinguished between the quality and performance (efficiency) of law indicators and also claimed that they are positively correlated. I argue that this distinction is based on two different utilitarian perspectives; therefore, these indicators try to quantify different aspects of laws. However, new empirical tests indicate that they are not correlated. The statistical tests on the DB Resolving Insolvency Indicators do not show any strong correlation, and the case of Turkey's WB-led insolvency-law reform suggests that the developing countries can even incur efficiency losses from legal-quality improvements. Thus, this study demonstrates that the 2014 DB reform reproduced the validity problems inside the new distinctions and connections between its indicators, potentially creating new misconceptions for policy-makers.
Petrogenesis of Transitional Large Igneous Province: Insights From Bimodal Volcanic Suite in the Tarim Large Igneous Province
Authors: Cheng Zhiguo , Zhang Zhaochong , Wang Zhenchao , Wang Fangyue , Mao Qian , Xu Lijuan , Ke Shan , Yu Huimin , Santosh M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Tarim large igneous province (TLIP) corresponds to a transitional large igneous province based on the high proportion of felsic rocks, classifying between mafic and silicic large igneous provinces. Here we investigate a bimodal suite including trachydacite, rhyolite, and basanite from the Northern Tarim Uplift using petrological, geochemical, stable, and radiogenic isotopic techniques with a view to understand the formation of the TLIP. Our study reveals a multistage origin involving multiple components, although the various rock suites are genetically linked and formed under a rift incubation setting related to mantle plume. The low δ26 Mg values (−0.48‰ to −0.71‰), Fe/Mn > 60, FC3MS (FeOT/CaO‐3*MgO/SiO2) > 0.65, and high TiO2 contents (4.45–4.93 wt.%) of basanite from this suite suggest formation through partial melting of carbonated eclogite formed by recycled oceanic crust. The thick lithosphere beneath the Tarim Craton promoted extensive interaction between the underplated basaltic magmas and crust‐derived magmas leading to the formation of multistage magma chambers. Geochemical and mineralogical studies suggest that the trachydacite experienced a mixing, assimilation, storage, and hybridization process, whereas the rhyolite was produced by fractional crystallization from the associated mantle‐derived magma with significant crustal contamination. The abundance of amphibole in the trachydacite suggests a hydrous parental magma with H2O content in the range of 2.75 to 4.05 wt.%. Our results suggest that hydrous crustal components contributed significantly in the formation of voluminous felsic rocks of the TLIP.
Novel Acoustic Method Provides First Detailed Measurements of Sediment Concentration Structure Within Submarine Turbidity Currents
Authors: Simmons S. M. , Azpiroz‐Zabala M. , Cartigny M. J .B. , Clare M. A. , Cooper C. , Parsons D. R. , Pope E. L. , Sumner E. J. , Talling P. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTurbidity currents transport prodigious volumes of sediment to the deep sea. But there are very few direct measurements from oceanic turbidity currents, ensuring they are poorly understood. Recent studies have used acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) to measure velocity profiles of turbidity currents. However, there were no detailed measurements of sediment concentration, which is a critical parameter because it provides the driving force and debate centers on whether flows are dilute or dense. Here we provide the most detailed measurements yet of sediment concentration in turbidity currents via a new method using dual‐frequency acoustic backscatter ADCP data. Backscatter intensity depends on size and concentration of sediment, and we disentangle these effects. This approach is used to document the internal structure of turbidity currents in Congo Canyon. Flow duration is bimodal, and some flows last for 5–10 days. All flows are mainly dilute (<10 g/L), although faster flows contain a short‐lived initial period of coarser‐grained or higher‐concentration flow within a few meters of the bed. The body of these flows tends toward a maximum speed of 0.8–1 m/s, which may indicate an equilibrium in which flow speeds suspend available sediment. Average sediment concentration and flow thickness determine the gravitational driving force, which we then compared to average velocities. This comparison suggests surprisingly low friction values, comparable to or less than those of major rivers. This new approach therefore provides fundamental insights into one of the major sediment transport processes on Earth.
ECOSTRESS: NASA's Next Generation Mission to Measure Evapotranspiration From the International Space Station
Authors: Fisher Joshua B. , Lee Brian , Purdy Adam J. , Halverson Gregory H. , Dohlen Matthew B. , Cawse‐Nicholson Kerry , Wang Audrey , Anderson Ray G. , Aragon Bruno , Arain M. Altaf , Baldocchi Dennis D. , Baker John M. , Barral Hélène , Bernacchi Carl J. , Bernhofer Christian , Biraud Sébastien C. , Bohrer Gil , Brunsell Nathaniel , Cappelaere Bernard , Castro‐Contreras Saulo , Chun Junghwa , Conrad Bryan J. , Cremonese Edoardo , Demarty Jérôme , Desai Ankur R. , De Ligne Anne , Foltýnová Lenka , Goulden Michael L. , Griffis Timothy J. , Grünwald Thomas , Johnson Mark S. , Kang Minseok , Kelbe Dave , Kowalska Natalia , Lim Jong‐Hwan , Maïnassara Ibrahim , McCabe Matthew F. , Missik Justine E.C. , Mohanty Binayak P. , Moore Caitlin E. , Morillas Laura , Morrison Ross , Munger J. William , Posse Gabriela , Richardson Andrew D. , Russell Eric S. , Ryu Youngryel , Sanchez‐Azofeifa Arturo , Schmidt Marius , Schwartz Efrat , Sharp Iain , Šigut Ladislav , Tang Yao , Hulley Glynn , Anderson Martha , Hain Christopher , French Andrew , Wood Eric , Hook Simon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) was launched to the International Space Station on 29 June 2018 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The primary science focus of ECOSTRESS is centered on evapotranspiration (ET), which is produced as Level‐3 (L3) latent heat flux (LE) data products. These data are generated from the Level‐2 land surface temperature and emissivity product (L2_LSTE), in conjunction with ancillary surface and atmospheric data. Here, we provide the first validation (Stage 1, preliminary) of the global ECOSTRESS clear‐sky ET product (L3_ET_PT‐JPL, Version 6.0) against LE measurements at 82 eddy covariance sites around the world. Overall, the ECOSTRESS ET product performs well against the site measurements (clear‐sky instantaneous/time of overpass: r2 = 0.88; overall bias = 8%; normalized root‐mean‐square error, RMSE = 6%). ET uncertainty was generally consistent across climate zones, biome types, and times of day (ECOSTRESS samples the diurnal cycle), though temperate sites are overrepresented. The 70‐m‐high spatial resolution of ECOSTRESS improved correlations by 85%, and RMSE by 62%, relative to 1‐km pixels. This paper serves as a reference for the ECOSTRESS L3 ET accuracy and Stage 1 validation status for subsequent science that follows using these data.
In vitro expansion of pancreatic islet clusters facilitated by hormones and chemicals
Authors: Lin Jing-Yu , Cheng Jie , Du Ya-Qin , Pan Wei , Zhang Zhong , Wang Jin , An Jie , Yang Fan , Xu Yun-Fei , Lin Hui , An Wen-Tao , Wang Jia , Yang Zhao , Chai Ren-Jie , Sha Xue-Ying , Hu Hui-Li , Sun Jin-Peng , Yu Xiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTissue regeneration, such as pancreatic islet tissue propagation in vitro, could serve as a promising strategy for diabetes therapy and personalised drug testing. However, such a strategy has not been realised yet. Propagation could be divided into two steps, in vitro expansion and repeated passaging. Even the first step of the in vitro islet expansion has not been achieved to date. Here, we describe a method that enables the expansion of islet clusters isolated from pregnant mice or wild-type rats by employing a combination of specific regeneration factors and chemical compounds in vitro. The expanded islet clusters expressed insulin, glucagon and somatostatin, which are markers corresponding to pancreatic β cells, α cells and δ cells, respectively. These different types of cells grouped together, were spatially organised and functioned similarly to primary islets. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that forskolin in our recipe contributed to renewal and regeneration, whereas exendin-4 was essential for preserving islet cell identity. Our results provide a novel method for the in vitro expansion of islet clusters, which is an important step forward in developing future protocols and media used for islet tissue propagation in vitro. Such method is important for future regenerative diabetes therapies and personalised medicines using large amounts of pancreatic islets derived from the same person.
Applying Virtual Reality to Audiovisual Speech Perception Tasks in Children
Authors: Salanger Maeve , Lewis Dawna , Vallier Timothy , McDermott Tessa , Dergan Andrew 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
The primary purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of using virtual reality (VR) technology in hearing research with children by comparing speech perception abilities in a typical laboratory environment and a simulated VR classroom environment.

Method
The study included 48 final participants (40 children and eight young adults). The study design utilized a speech perception task in conjunction with a localization demand in auditory-only (AO) and auditory–visual (AV) conditions. Tasks were completed in simulated classroom acoustics in both a typical laboratory environment and in a virtual classroom environment accessed using an Oculus Rift head-mounted display.

Results
Speech perception scores were higher for AV conditions over AO conditions across age groups. In addition, interaction effects of environment (i.e., laboratory environment and VR classroom environment) and visual accessibility (i.e., AV vs. AO) indicated that children's performance on the speech perception task in the VR classroom was more similar to their performance in the laboratory environment for AV tasks than it was for AO tasks. AO tasks showed improvement in speech perception scores from the laboratory to the VR classroom environment, whereas AV conditions showed little significant change.

Conclusion
These results suggest that VR head-mounted displays are a viable research tool in AV tasks for children, increasing flexibility for audiovisual testing in a typical laboratory environment.
Influence of Respiratory Muscle Training on Patients’
Recovery after Lung Resection
Authors: Kendall Filipa , Silva Gustavo , Almeida João , Eusébio Ermelinda , Pinho Paulo , Oliveira Jose , Bastos Pedro Teixeira 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis prospective experimental study aimed to compare effects of 3 different
home-based postoperative respiratory muscle training protocols –
inspiratory, expiratory and combined, in the patients’ postoperative
recovery, regarding safety and respiratory muscle function, pulmonary function,
physical fitness, physical activity (PA), dyspnoea and quality of life (QoL).
Patients were divided in four groups Usual Care (UCare), inspiratory (IMT),
expiratory (EMT) or combined muscle training (CombT) according to group
allocation. Significant treatment*time interactions were found for
maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (p=0.014), sedentary PA (SEDPA)
(p=0.003), light PA (LIGPA) (p=0.045) and total PA
(p=0.035). Improvements were observed for MIP in CombT
(p=0.001), IMT (p=0.001), EMT (p=0.050). SEDPA reduced
in EMT (p=0.001) and IMT (p=0.006), while LIGPA increased in
both groups (p=0.001), as well as Total PA (p=0.005 and
p=0.001, respectively). In UCare, CombT, and EMT, QoL improved only for
Usual Activities. In conclusion, the addition of respiratory muscle training to
physiotherapy usual care is safe and effective to increase MIP and contribute to
improve physical activity. The CombT showed greater improvement on MIP, while
IMT compared to EMT, was more effective to improve physical activity.
Effects of Metformin and Sitagliptin Monotherapy on Expression of
Intestinal and Renal Sweet Taste Receptors and Glucose Transporters in a Rat
Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhang Minchun , Feng Rilu , Yue Jiang , Qian Cheng , Yang Mei , Liu Wei , Rayner Christopher K. , Ma Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDisordered intestinal sweet taste receptors (STRs) are implicated in glucose
homeostasis by involving in incretin secretion and glucose absorption. However,
the effects of antidiabetic medications on STRs, downstream molecules, and
glucose transporters expression are unknown. In our study, ZDF rats
(n=24) were randomly treated by metformin (MET,
215.15 mg/kg), sitagliptin (SIT, 10.76 mg/kg),
or saline for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured,
and HOMA-IR and QUICKI index were calculated. One week later, we detected
relative mRNA expression of T1R2/T1R3, α-gustducin, TRPM5 and
glucose transporters including SGLT1, SGLT2, and GLUT2 in the small intestine
and kidney. We found that though both metformin and sitagliptin effectively
decreased fasting blood glucose, only metformin improved HOMA-IR and QUICKI
(p<0.05). MRNA levels of STRs and sweet taste molecules in duodenum and
jejunum were not different among three groups, but those in ileum were
dramatically upregulated after SIT (vs. MET p<0.05; vs. CON
p<0.01). SGLT1 and GLUT2 in ileum were markedly increased after SIT
(p<0.01). In the kidney, expression of SGLT2 and GLUT2 were
downregulated in both SIT and MET group (p<0.05). In conclusion,
metformin and sitagliptin exerted different effects on expression of STRs and
glucose transporters in the gut and kidney. STRs, downstream molecules, and
glucose transporters in distal small intestinal were sensitively increased in
response to sitagliptin than metformin treatment. Renal glucose transporters
were downregulated after metformin and sitagliptin treatment.
Systems for accumulation, storage and release of hydrogen
Authors: Kustov Leonid M. , Kalenchuk Alexander N. , Bogdan Viktor I. 
Published: April 2020

The results of studies on the hydrogen accumulation, storage and release systems differing in the type of hydrogen interaction with the material (medium) used for hydrogen storage are analyzed. Published data on the use of polycyclic hydrocarbons as the basis for hydrogen storage in a chemically bound state are summarized. Substrate-structure-dependent differences between the mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation reactions of mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with hydrogen storage capacity > 7 mass% and dehydrogenation of corresponding polycyclic naphthenes are discussed.The bibliography includes 188 references.
Presupposed evaluation in environmental argumentative discourse
Authors: Pounds Gabrina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExpressions of evaluation in discourse have been studied from a number of different perspectives, all highlighting the fact that evaluation may be expressed cumulatively, through a combination of different linguistic means, and pragmatically, at various levels of implicitness, which often defy precise categorization. This paper argues that, in argumentative discourse, the pragmatics of evaluation includes not only implied but alsopresupposedaspects. A case study centred on the environmental debate over the contested practice of fracking is used to identify theevaluative premisesthat lie behind the mainstancesorclaimson the issue, as expressed by different stakeholders. It is argued that this wider approach to the analysis of evaluation may be particularly suited to uncover the evaluative premises that lie at the core of different and often contradictory environmental positions and policies.
I, Trump
Authors: Reyes Antonio 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper contextualizes Donald Trump’s political “Message” (Lempert and
Silverstein 2012) within the current anti-intellectualism phenomenon in the Post-Truth era. Trump’s Presidential
Announcement Speech marks the beginning of the Trump era, as it introduces critical traits of his persona, message and political
agenda to the general audience. From a Discourse Analysis approach, this paper considers Aristotelian modes of persuasion and the
multimodal concept of “Message” (ibid.), to contribute to the literature on Trump’s political communication by focusing on the
cult of personality and self-representation (i.e. non-politician, overachieving businessman, great leader). Trump built his
candidacy and presidency around his persona, distancing himself from the Republican Party and traditional politicians. These
strategies allowed Trump to evoke an Ethos capable of saving America. His personal fight against every enemy and threat
encapsulates a simple and ingenuous dichotomy “I vs. them” with the populist intention of completing a hyperbolic task: Make
America great again.
Arbitrariness, motivation and idioms
Authors: Bauer Laurie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper considers the interplay between arbitrariness and the widely-accepted ideals of one form, one meaning and compositionality. They are shown to operate in different domains, and to clash where there is idiomaticity. Idioms provide familiar forms which are not semantically relevant to the context. In effect, this creates homonymy, which goes against any trend towards pairing one form with one meaning. The conflict can be seen as tension between two more fundamental principles. Lack of motivation is considered in an Appendix on word-manufacture, where it is shown how slippery the notion of motivation can be.
From war to wealth? Land policies and the peace economy in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Grajales Jacobo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
This article studies the production of economic domination after the end of the Ivorian armed conflict. It investigates the interaction between post-conflict development policies, people's expectations and fears unleashed by the end of war, and the capacity of local actors to establish external alliances. The inquiry focuses on a region located at the margins of the conflict, but at the core of post-war development schemes. In this warless land, policies implemented in the name of peace provide resources for dominant actors seeking to consolidate their position, thus reinforcing the social structures of agrarian capitalism that had been challenged during the war.
Vibrationally resolved NO dissociative excitation cross sections by electron impact
Authors: Laporta V , Tennyson J , Schneider I F 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A theoretical investigation of the dissociative excitation by electron impact on the NO molecule is presented, aiming to make up for the lack of data for this process in the literature. A full set of vibrationally-resolved cross sections and corresponding rate coefficients are calculated using the local-complex-potential approach and five resonant states of NO−.