bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic, Morphological, and Developmental Comparison of Adult Honey Bee Queens (Apis mellifera) Reared From Eggs or Worker Larvae of Differing Ages
Authors: Yi Yao , Liu Yi Bo , Barron Andrew B , Zeng Zhi Jiang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQueens and workers are very distinct phenotypes that develop from the same genome. Larvae from worker cells up to 3.5 d old can be transferred to larger queen cells and will subsequently be reared as queens and develop into functional queens. This has become a very popular queen rearing practice in contemporary apiculture. Here we used RNA-Seq to study the consequences of rearing queens from transplanted worker larvae on the transcriptome of the adult queens. We found that queens reared from transferred older larvae developed slower, weighted less, and had fewer ovarioles than queens reared from transferred eggs, indicating queens were cryptically intercaste. RNA-Seq analysis revealed differentially expressed genes between queens reared from transferred larvae compared with queens reared from transferred eggs: the older the larvae transferred, the greater the number of differentially expressed genes. Many of the differentially expressed genes had functions related to reproduction, longevity, immunity, or metabolism, suggesting that the health and long-term viability of queens was compromised. Our finds verify the previous studies that adult queens reared from older transferred larvae were of lower quality than queens reared from transferred eggs or younger larvae.
Evaluating Behavioral Responses of Selected Stink Bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to Spinosad
Authors: Hernowo Kukuh , Kamminga Kathy , Davis Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) and redbanded stink bug, Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) are two of the most important seed sucking pests affecting Louisiana soybean production and rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.) is an important late season pest in Louisiana rice. Exploration of chemicals that exhibit attraction or repellent activities toward major stink bug species would be beneficial in developing push–pull strategies. Spinosad is a commercially available natural insecticide that may have arrestant, attractant, or phagostimulant properties against stink bugs. To test this, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the tactile, olfactory, and feeding responses of these stink bugs toward two commercial spinosad products (Entrust and Tracer) and technical grade spinosad. In tactile assays, female and male redbanded stink bug were arrested by Entrust, Tracer, and technical grade spinosad, whereas only rice stink bug and southern green stink bug males were arrested by Entrust. Y-tube assays revealed no attraction to any of the products by either male or female rice stink bug, redbanded stink bug, or southern green stink bug. In paired (treated or untreated soybean seed) feeding preference experiments, southern green stink bug showed no preference for any treatment, whereas redbanded stink bug fed more on Entrust- and Tracer-treated seed. From these results, spinosad appears to have an arrestant and phagostimulant effect on redbanded stink bug in the laboratory.
Return to School for Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in the United States During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Expert Opinion on Key Considerations and Best Practices
Authors: Downes Kevin J , Danziger-Isakov Lara A , Cousino Melissa K , Green Michael , Michaels Marian G , Muller William J , Orscheln Rachel C , Sharma Tanvi S , Statler Victoria A , Wattier Rachel L , Ardura Monica I 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created many challenges for pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and their families. As the pandemic persists, patients and their families struggle to identify the best and safest practices for resuming activities as areas reopen. Notably, decisions about returning to school remain difficult. We assembled a team of pediatric infectious diseases (ID), transplant ID, public health, transplant psychology, and infection prevention and control specialists to address the primary concerns about school reentry for pediatric SOT recipients in the United States. Based on available literature and guidance from national organizations, we generated consensus statements pertaining to school reentry specific to pediatric SOT recipients. Although data are limited and the COVID-19 pandemic is highly dynamic, our goal was to create a framework from which providers and caregivers can identify the most important considerations for each pediatric SOT recipient to promote a safe return to school.
An Experimental Evaluation of an Online Interview Scheduler: Effects on Fieldwork Outcomes
Authors: McGonagle Katherine , Sastry Narayan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In recent years, household surveys have expended significant effort to counter well-documented increases in direct refusals and greater difficulty contacting survey respondents. A substantial amount of fieldwork effort in panel surveys using telephone interviewing is devoted to the task of contacting the respondent to schedule the day and time of the interview. Higher fieldwork effort leads to greater costs and is associated with lower response rates. A new approach was experimentally evaluated in the 2017 wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) Transition into Adulthood Supplement (TAS) that allowed a randomly selected subset of respondents to choose their own day and time of their telephone interview through the use of an online appointment scheduler. TAS is a nationally representative study of US young adults aged 18–28 years embedded within the worlds’ longest running panel study, the PSID. This paper experimentally evaluates the effect of offering the online appointment scheduler on fieldwork outcomes, including number of interviewer contact attempts and interview sessions, number of days to complete the interview, and response rates. We describe panel study members’ characteristics associated with uptake of the online scheduler and examine differences in the effectiveness of the treatment across subgroups. Finally, potential cost-savings of fieldwork effort due to the online appointment scheduler are evaluated.
An Aide Memoire for a Balancing Act? Critiquing The ‘Balance Sheet’ Approach to Best Interests Decision-Making
Authors: Kong Camillia , Coggon John , Dunn Michael , Keene Alex Ruck 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The balance sheet is commonly used as a deliberative approach to decide best interests in Court of Protection cases in England and Wales, since Thorpe LJ in Re A (Male Sterilisation) described the balance sheet as a tool to enable judges and best interests decision-makers to quantify, compare, and calculate the different options at play. Recent judgments have critically reflected on the substance and practical function of the balance sheet approach, highlighting the practical stakes of its implicit conceptual assumptions and normative commitments. Using parallel debates in proportionality, we show that the balance sheet imports problematic assumptions of commensurability and aggregation, which can both overdetermine the outcome of best interests decisions and obfuscate the actual process of judicial deliberation. This means that the decision-making of judges and best interests assessors more generally could fail to properly reflect the nature of values at stake, as well as the skills of practical judgment needed to compare such values with sensitivity and nuance. The article argues that critical reflection of the balance sheet makes vital space for a more contextualised, substantive mode of deliberation which emphasises skills of qualitative evaluation towards enhancing conditions of articulation around the range of values involved in best interests decision-making.
TYC 8327-1678-1: a new super lithium-rich K giant
Authors: Holanda N , Drake N A , Pereira C B 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn this work, we show that TYC 8327-1678-1 is a low-mass red giant star with a super lithium abundance in its atmosphere. For this, we used high-resolution spectroscopy to determine atmospheric parameters, the chemical abundances of the light elements and the isotopic ratio 12C/13C using the spectral synthesis techniques and the equivalent width measurements. Also, we used theoretical evolutionary tracks to find out the mass and the evolutionary stage of TYC 8327-1678-1. The lithium abundance was determined using the Li i resonance doublet at  6708 Å  and the subordinate line at  6104 Å that yielding a mean value of $\log \, \epsilon {\rm (Li)_{NLTE}}\, =\, 3.48$. The projected rotational velocity ($v\, \sin \, i$) has been determined using spectral synthesis based on the isolated Fe i lines. Our results show that TYC 8327-1678-1 has a mass of $M\, =\, 1.60$ $\pm \, 0.20\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$, a low rotational velocity ($v\, \sin \, i$ = 2.35 ± 0.24 km s−1) and metallicity of [Fe/H] = +0.23 ± 0.09. Finally, we discuss the possibility that TYC 8327-1678-1 became a lithium-rich star after a merging event involving a red giant and a helium white dwarf.
Trans-Alfvénic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in the vicinity of supernova remnant Cassiopeia-A shocks
Authors: Vishwakarma Pavan Kumar , Kumar Jais 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Statistics of the magnetic field disturbances in supernova remnants (SNRs) can be accessed using the second-order correlation function of the synchrotron intensities. Here we measure the magnetic energy spectra in the supernova remnant Cassiopeia-A by two-point correlation of the synchrotron intensities, using a recently developed unbiased method. The measured magnetic energy spectra in the vicinity of supernova remnant shocks are found to be a 2/3 power law over the decade of range scales, showing the developed trans-Alfvénic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Our results are globally consistent with the theoretical prediction of trans-Alfvénic Mach number in developed magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and can be explained by amplification of the magnetic field in the vicinity of SNR shocks. The magnetic energy spectra predict SNR Cassiopeia-A to have an additional subshock in the radio frequency observation along with forward and reverse shocks, with a radial window of the amplified magnetic field of ∼ 0.115 pc near the shocks.
Multiwavelength investigation of extended green object G19.88-0.53: revealing a protocluster
Authors: Issac Namitha , Tej Anandmayee , Liu Tie , Varricatt Watson , Vig Sarita , Ishwara Chandra C H , Schultheis Mathias , Nandakumar Govind 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
A multiwavelength analysis of star formation associated with the extended green object, G19.88-0.53 is presented in this paper. With multiple detected radio and millimetre components, G19.88-0.53 unveils as harbouring a protocluster rather than a single massive young stellar object. We detect an ionized thermal jet using the upgraded Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope, India, which is found to be associated with a massive, dense and hot ALMA 2.7 mm core driving a bipolar CO outflow. Near-infrared spectroscopy with UKIRT–UIST shows the presence of multiple shock-excited H2 lines concurrent with the nature of this region. Detailed investigation of the gas kinematics using ALMA data reveals G19.88-0.53 as an active protocluster with high-mass star-forming components spanning a wide evolutionary spectrum from hot cores in accretion phase to cores driving multiple outflows to possible UCH ii regions.
Quantifying the statistics of CMB-lensing-derived galaxy cluster mass measurements with simulations
Authors: Zubeldia Íñigo , Challinor Anthony 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing is a promising, novel way to measure galaxy cluster masses that can be used, e.g. for mass calibration in galaxy cluster counts analyses. Understanding the statistics of the galaxy cluster mass observable obtained with such measurements is essential if their use in subsequent analyses is not to lead to biased results. We study the statistics of a CMB lensing galaxy cluster mass observable for a Planck-like experiment with mock observations obtained from an N-body simulation. We quantify the bias and intrinsic scatter associated with this observable following two different approaches, one in which the signal due to the cluster and nearby correlated large-scale structure is isolated, and another one in which the variation due to uncorrelated large-scale structure is also taken into account. For our first approach, we also quantify deviations from lognormality in the scatter, finding them to have a negligible impact on mass calibration for our Planck-like experiment. We briefly discuss how some of our results change for experiments with higher angular resolution and lower noise levels, such as the current generation of surveys obtained with ground-based, large-aperture telescopes.
Divergent Evolution of a Protein–Protein Interaction Revealed through Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction and Resurrection
Authors: Laursen Louise , Čalyševa Jelena , Gibson Toby J , Jemth Per 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe postsynaptic density extends across the postsynaptic dendritic spine with discs large (DLG) as the most abundant scaffolding protein. DLG dynamically alters the structure of the postsynaptic density, thus controlling the function and distribution of specific receptors at the synapse. DLG contains three PDZ domains and one important interaction governing postsynaptic architecture is that between the PDZ3 domain from DLG and a protein called cysteine-rich interactor of PDZ3 (CRIPT). However, little is known regarding functional evolution of the PDZ3:CRIPT interaction. Here, we subjected PDZ3 and CRIPT to ancestral sequence reconstruction, resurrection, and biophysical experiments. We show that the PDZ3:CRIPT interaction is an ancient interaction, which was likely present in the last common ancestor of Eukaryotes, and that high affinity is maintained in most extant animal phyla. However, affinity is low in nematodes and insects, raising questions about the physiological function of the interaction in species from these animal groups. Our findings demonstrate how an apparently established protein–protein interaction involved in cellular scaffolding in bilaterians can suddenly be subject to dynamic evolution including possible loss of function.
Community-Based Referential Music Making with Limited-Resource Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Authors: Thomas Natasha 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Black/African American adolescents from limited-resource communities face challenges and circumstances that are unique to their racialization and socioeconomic status; this merits community-engaged resources, such as community music therapy, that are equally unique in creating culturally responsive opportunities for limited-resource adolescents to engage socially with peers and experience meaningful success in a safe, supportive environment. The purpose of this study was to pilot and explore the feasibility of and behavioral processes in a community-based referential music-making intervention for limited-resource adolescents labeled as “at-risk.” The methods consisted of a concurrent nested (embedded) mixed methods design based on the principles of participatory actions research (PAR), during which qualitative data were collected during 8 focus group style music-making sessions. Quantitative data assessing self-efficacy were collected prior to first and following the 8th music-making session. The validity of quantitative results was challenged by the lowered reading level of participants and a high amount of mis-labeled (and thus unusable) data. Qualitative data suggest 3 themes, including creating community, artistic prioritization, and pride. All results were impacted by issues, such as inconsistent attendance and malfunctioning recording equipment. Nevertheless, participants expressed a collective desire to share their work with their community group. Discussion points are raised including how participants in this community music therapy-based approach were able to create and direct their own stories. The implementation of community music therapy approaches seems a valuable way to bring authentic representations of limited-resource adolescent participants into clinical practice.
Investigating the pharmacodynamic durability of GalNAc–siRNA conjugates
Authors: Brown Christopher R , Gupta Swati , Qin June , Racie Timothy , He Guo , Lentini Scott , Malone Ryan , Yu Mikyung , Matsuda Shigeo , Shulga-Morskaya Svetlana , Nair Anil V , Theile Christopher S , Schmidt Karyn , Shahraz Azar , Goel Varun , Parmar Rubina G , Zlatev Ivan , Schlegel Mark K , Nair Jayaprakash K , Jayaraman Muthusamy , Manoharan Muthiah , Brown Dennis , Maier Martin A , Jadhav Vasant 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOne hallmark of trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated siRNAs is the remarkable durability of silencing that can persist for months in preclinical species and humans. Here, we investigated the underlying biology supporting this extended duration of pharmacological activity. We found that siRNA accumulation and stability in acidic intracellular compartments is critical for long-term activity. We show that functional siRNA can be liberated from these compartments and loaded into newly generated Argonaute 2 protein complexes weeks after dosing, enabling continuous RNAi activity over time. Identical siRNAs delivered in lipid nanoparticles or as GalNAc conjugates were dose-adjusted to achieve similar knockdown, but only GalNAc–siRNAs supported an extended duration of activity, illustrating the importance of receptor-mediated siRNA trafficking in the process. Taken together, we provide several lines of evidence that acidic intracellular compartments serve as a long-term depot for GalNAc–siRNA conjugates and are the major contributor to the extended duration of activity observed in vivo.
Structural basis for transcription inhibition by E. coli SspA
Authors: Wang Fulin , Shi Jing , He Dingwei , Tong Bei , Zhang Chao , Wen Aijia , Zhang Yu , Feng Yu , Lin Wei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Stringent starvation protein A (SspA) is an RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated protein involved in nucleotide metabolism, acid tolerance and virulence of bacteria. Despite extensive biochemical and genetic analyses, the precise regulatory role of SspA in transcription is still unknown, in part, because of a lack of structural information for bacterial RNAP in complex with SspA. Here, we report a 3.68 Å cryo-EM structure of an Escherichia coli RNAP-promoter open complex (RPo) with SspA. Unexpectedly, the structure reveals that SspA binds to the E. coli σ70-RNAP holoenzyme as a homodimer, interacting with σ70 region 4 and the zinc binding domain of EcoRNAP β′ subunit simultaneously. Results from fluorescent polarization assays indicate the specific interactions between SspA and σ70 region 4 confer its σ selectivity, thereby avoiding its interactions with σs or other alternative σ factors. In addition, results from in vitro transcription assays verify that SspA inhibits transcription probably through suppressing promoter escape. Together, the results here provide a foundation for understanding the unique physiological function of SspA in transcription regulation in bacteria.
XRCC1 promotes replication restart, nascent fork degradation and mutagenic DNA repair in BRCA2-deficient cells
Authors: Eckelmann Bradley J , Bacolla Albino , Wang Haibo , Ye Zu , Guerrero Erika N , Jiang Wei , El-Zein Randa , Hegde Muralidhar L , Tomkinson Alan E , Tainer John A , Mitra Sankar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Homologous recombination/end joining (HR/HEJ)-deficient cancers with BRCA mutations utilize alternative DNA double-strand break repair pathways, particularly alternative non-homologous end joining or microhomology-mediated end joining (alt-EJ/MMEJ) during S and G2 cell cycle phases. Depletion of alt-EJ factors, including XRCC1, PARP1 and POLQ, is synthetically lethal with BRCA2 deficiency; yet, XRCC1 roles in HR-deficient cancers and replication stress are enigmatic. Here, we show that after replication stress, XRCC1 forms an active repair complex with POLQ and MRE11 that supports alt-EJ activity in vitro. BRCA2 limits XRCC1 recruitment and repair complex formation to suppress alt-EJ at stalled forks. Without BRCA2 fork protection, XRCC1 enables cells to complete DNA replication at the expense of increased genome instability by promoting MRE11-dependent fork resection and restart. High XRCC1 and MRE11 gene expression negatively impacts Kaplan–Meier survival curves and hazard ratios for HR-deficient breast cancer patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas. The additive effects of depleting both BRCA2 and XRCC1 indicate distinct pathways for replication restart. Our collective data show that XRCC1-mediated processing contributes to replication fork degradation, replication restart and chromosome aberrations in BRCA2-deficient cells, uncovering new roles of XRCC1 and microhomology-mediated repair mechanisms in HR-deficient cancers, with implications for chemotherapeutic strategies targeting POLQ and PARP activities.
Thoracolumbar Junction Orientation: A Novel Guide for Sagittal Correction and Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Prediction in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
Authors: Moon Hong Joo , Bridwell Keith H , Theologis Alekos A , Kelly Micheal P , Lertudomphonwanit Thamrong , Lenke Lawrence G , Gupta Munish C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Novel radiographic sagittal parameters of the thoracolumbar junction orientation (TLJO, thoracolumbar slope [TLS] and thoracolumbar tilt [TLT]) have been introduced and correlated with lumbopelvic parameters and thoracic kyphosis.

OBJECTIVE
To determine a predictive model for reciprocal thoracic kyphosis and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) based on the TLJO.

METHODS
A total of 127 patients who had fusion from sacrum to T10-L2 from 2004 to 2014 were reviewed. TK (T5-T12), PI, SS, PT, LL, and proximal junctional angle (PJA) were measured preoperatively, 6 wk postoperatively, and at final follow-up. TLJO was measured by TLS and TLT. Changes between time points were determined (preop-6 wk = ΔParameterPre6wk and preop-final follow/up = ΔParameterPreFinal). Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires were evaluated at final follow-up. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the presence of PJK (ΔPJAPreFinal >15°). Independent t-tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the significance of differences and cut-off values. Pearson correlations and linear regressions were used to analyze the entire cohort to determine the relationship between the changes in parameters.

RESULTS
Compared to patients without PJK (n = 100), those with PJK (n = 27) had significantly lower SRS scores and significantly greater ΔTKPreFinal, ΔLLPre6wk, and ΔTLSPre6wk. To maintain in the nonPJK group, ROC curves demonstrated a cut-off value of −9.4° for ΔTLSPre6wk. PJK was significantly correlated with ΔTKPreFinal and ΔTLSPre6wk. The linear correlation revealed that ΔTLSPre6wk < −25.3° is the risk factor of PJK > 15°.

CONCLUSION
As change of TLS reflects lumbopelvic realignment and influences reciprocal TK, reducing the change of TLS may be a sagittal realignment guideline to reduce the risk of PJK.