bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of virtual reality in reducing anxiety during cast removal: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jivraj Bejaan A. , Schaeffer Emily , Bone Jeffrey N. , Stunden Chelsea , Habib Eva , Jacob John , Mulpuri Kishore 
Published: November 2020

Purpose While virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be an effective distractor in children across a range of procedures, no studies have looked at its use within paediatric orthopaedics. The purpose of this study was to look at the use of VR in reducing anxiety levels in children during cast removal. In addition, the study aimed to find ways to enhance the efficiency of future VR trials in paediatrics. Methods A non-blinded randomized control trial took place in children aged four to 18 years. Intraprocedural anxiety was measured using the Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale (CEMS), while pre- and post-procedural anxiety was measured using the Short State Anxiety Inventory Scale. Additional data was collected on trait anxiety, nausea levels, desire for future VR use and areas of improvement for future VR studies. Results A total of 90 subjects were included in the study (control n = 45, intervention n = 45) with a mean age of 10.25 years (sd 3.35). Post-procedural anxiety and intraprocedural anxiety were 18% (p = 0.03) and 24% (p = 0.01) lower in the VR group, respectively, with the CEMS facial component showing a 31% (p < 0.001) reduction in the VR group. In all, 99% (n = 89) of subjects experienced no nausea, with one patient experiencing mild nausea that may have been present prior to VR use. Finally, 90% (n = 81) of subjects said they would like to use VR again, 1% (n = 1) said ‘no’ and 9% (n = 8) said ‘maybe’. Conclusion VR appears to be an effective distraction technique in reducing anxiety levels in children during cast removal.
Magnitude of first line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure and associated factors among adult patients on ART in South West Shoa, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Mulisa Diriba , Tolossa Tadesse , Wakuma Bizuneh , Etafa Werku , Yadesa Girma 
Published: November 2020

Background
First-line antiretroviral treatment failure has become a public health concern in high, low and middle-income countries with high mortality and morbidity In Ethiopia, around 710,000 peoples were living with HIV and 420,000 of them were receiving ART in 2017. Little is known about the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure and its associated factors in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to find the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure and its associated factors among adult patients attending ART clinic at Southwest shoa zone public hospitals.

Methods
Institutions based cross-sectional study was employed from February 1 to April 2, 2019. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 350 adult patients on ART using a systematic random sampling technique. The collected data were coded and entered into Epidata version 3 and exported to STATA SE version 14 for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with first-line ART treatment failure. At 95% confidence level strength of association was measured using Odds ratio. Variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were considered as a candidate variable for multivariable analysis. To get the final variables step-wise backward selection procedure was used and those in the final model were selected at a p-value <0.05. Finally, texts, simple frequency tables, and figures were used to present the findings.

Results
In this study the magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure was 33.42%. Absence of baseline opportunistic infection AOR = 0.362 (95%CI0.178, 0.735), Staying on first-line ART for <5 years AOR = 0.47 (95%CI 0.252, 0.878), Nevirapine containing ART regimen AOR = 3.07 (95%CI 1.677, 5.63), Baseline CD4 count ≥100 cells/mm3 AOR = 0.299 (95%CI 0.152 0.591), absence of opportunistic infections after ART initiation AOR = 0.257 (95%CI 0.142, .467), time taking greater than an one-hour to reach health facility AOR 1.85 (95%CI 1.022 3.367) were significantly associated with first-line ART treatment failure.

Conclusion
The magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure was high in the study area. Base-line opportunistic infection, duration on first-line ART, NVP based ART, Baseline CD4 count level, OI after ART initiation, and time it takes to reach health facility were independent determinants of first-line ART treatment failure.
Meningococcal B vaccine antigen FHbp variants among disease-causing Neisseria meningitidis B isolates, Italy, 2014–2017
Authors: Carannante Anna , Fazio Cecilia , Neri Arianna , Lista Florigio , Fillo Silvia , Ciammaruconi Andrea , Vacca Paola , Stefanelli Paola 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundTyping ofNeisseria meningitidisisolates is crucial for the surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). We performed a molecular epidemiology study ofN.meningitidisserogroup B (MenB) causing IMD in Italy between 2014 and 2017 to describe circulating strains belonging to this serogroup, with particular regards to the two factor H-binding protein (FHbp) subfamilies present in the bivalent MenB vaccine.Materials and methodsA total of 109 culture positive and 46 culture negative MenB samples were collected within the National Surveillance System (NSS) of IMD in Italy and molecularly analyzed by conventional methods.ResultsOverall, 71 MenB samples showed the FHbp subfamily A and 83 the subfamily B. The subfamily variants were differently distributed by age. The most frequent variants, A05 and B231, were associated with cc213 and cc162, respectively. All MenB with the FHbp A05 variant displayed the PorA P1.22,14 and 85.7% of them the FetA F5-5. The majority of MenB with the FHbp B231 variant showed the PorA P1.22,14 (65.4%) and 84.6%, the FetA F3-6.ConclusionMenB circulating in Italy were characterized by a remarkable association between clonal complex and FHbp variants, although a high degree of genetic diversity observed over time. A dynamic trend in clonal complexes distribution within MenB was detected. Our results stress the importance of continued meningococcal molecular surveillance to evaluate the potential vaccine coverage of the available MenB vaccines.
Performance of deep learning to detect mastoiditis using multiple conventional radiographs of mastoid
Authors: Lee Kyong Joon , Ryoo Inseon , Choi Dongjun , Sunwoo Leonard , You Sung-Hye , Jung Hye Na 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of deep learning algorithm trained by single view (anterior-posterior (AP) or lateral view) with that trained by multiple views (both views together) in diagnosis of mastoiditis on mastoid series and compare the diagnostic performance between the algorithm and radiologists.

Methods
Total 9,988 mastoid series (AP and lateral views) were classified as normal or abnormal (mastoiditis) based on radiographic findings. Among them 792 image sets with temporal bone CT were classified as the gold standard test set and remaining sets were randomly divided into training (n = 8,276) and validation (n = 920) sets by 9:1 for developing a deep learning algorithm. Temporal (n = 294) and geographic (n = 308) external test sets were also collected. Diagnostic performance of deep learning algorithm trained by single view was compared with that trained by multiple views. Diagnostic performance of the algorithm and two radiologists was assessed. Inter-observer agreement between the algorithm and radiologists and between two radiologists was calculated.

Results
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of algorithm using multiple views (0.971, 0.978, and 0.965 for gold standard, temporal, and geographic external test sets, respectively) showed higher values than those using single view (0.964/0.953, 0.952/0.961, and 0.961/0.942 for AP view/lateral view of gold standard, temporal external, and geographic external test sets, respectively) in all test sets. The algorithm showed statistically significant higher specificity compared with radiologists (p = 0.018 and 0.012). There was substantial agreement between the algorithm and two radiologists and between two radiologists (κ = 0.79, 0.8, and 0.76).

Conclusion
The deep learning algorithm trained by multiple views showed better performance than that trained by single view. The diagnostic performance of the algorithm for detecting mastoiditis on mastoid series was similar to or higher than that of radiologists.
The COVID-19 Social Monitor longitudinal online panel: Real-time monitoring of social and public health consequences of the COVID-19 emergency in Switzerland
Authors: Moser André , Carlander Maria , Wieser Simon , Hämmig Oliver , Puhan Milo A. , Höglinger Marc 
Published: November 2020

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic challenges societies in unknown ways, and individuals experience a substantial change in their daily lives and activities. Our study aims to describe these changes using population-based self-reported data about social and health behavior in a random sample of the Swiss population during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the present article is two-fold: First, we want to describe the study methodology. Second, we want to report participant characteristics and study findings of the first survey wave to provide some baseline results for our study.

Methods
Our study design is a longitudinal online panel of a random sample of the Swiss population. We measure outcome indicators covering general well-being, physical and mental health, social support, healthcare use and working state over multiple survey waves.

Results
From 8,174 contacted individuals, 2,026 individuals participated in the first survey wave which corresponds to a response rate of 24.8%. Most survey participants reported a good to very good general life satisfaction (93.3%). 41.4% of the participants reported a worsened quality of life compared to before the COVID-19 emergency and 9.8% feelings of loneliness.

Discussion
The COVID-19 Social Monitor is a population-based online survey which informs the public, health authorities, and the scientific community about relevant aspects and potential changes in social and health behavior during the COVID-19 emergency and beyond. Future research will follow up on the described study population focusing on COVID-19 relevant topics such as subgroup differences in the impact of the pandemic on well-being and quality of life or different dynamics of perceived psychological distress.
Availability of personal protective equipment and diagnostic and treatment facilities for healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 care: A cross-sectional study in Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador
Authors: Martin-Delgado Jimmy , Viteri Eduardo , Mula Aurora , Serpa Piedad , Pacheco Gloria , Prada Diana , Campos de Andrade Lourenção Daniela , Campos Pavan Baptista Patricia , Ramirez Gustavo , Mira Jose Joaquin 
Published: November 2020

Many affected counties have had experienced a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the needs of healthcare professionals and the technical difficulties faced by them during the initial outbreak. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the healthcare workforce in the most populous cities from three Latin American countries in April 2020. In total, 1,082 participants were included. Of these, 534 (49.4%), 263 (24.3%), and 114 (10.5%) were physicians, nurses, and other professionals, respectively. At least 70% of participants reported a lack of PPE. The most common shortages were shortages in gown coverall suits (643, 59.4%), N95 masks (600, 55.5%), and face shields (569, 52.6%). Professionals who performed procedures that generated aerosols reported shortages more frequently (p<0.05). Professionals working in the emergency department and primary care units reported more shortages than those working in intensive care units and hospital-based wards (p<0.001). Up to 556 (51.4%) participants reported the lack of sufficient knowledge about using PPE. Professionals working in public institutions felt less prepared, received less training, and had no protocols compared with their peers in working private institutions (p<0.001). Although the study sample corresponded to different hospital centers in different cities from the participating countries, sampling was non-random. Healthcare professionals in Latin America may face more difficulties than those from other countries, with 7 out of 10 professionals reporting that they did not have the necessary resources to care for patients with COVID-19. Technical and logistical difficulties should be addressed in the event of a future outbreak, as they have a negative impact on healthcare workers.
Clinical trial registration: NCT04486404
COVID-19 DAN PENUNDAAN KEPULANGAN MIGRAN PELAJAR INDONESIA DI LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Hidayati Inayah 
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is the reason some Indonesian student migrants to delaying their return-home. Various factors that inhibit return migration such as health, security, transportation and local immigration rules make student migrants stay abroad.Â Objective:Â This research aims to understand the migration decision-making process of Indonesian student migrants abroad on postponed their return-home to Indonesia on May-December 2020. Methods:Â The data collected included quantitative from a survey and qualitative data from interviews.Â Result:Â The decision-making process for migrant students arises from themselves and strengthened by the family and community, including information from their social networks. The impact of some student migrants who delay their return is the economic situation, especially for students who rely on their scholarships. To relieve the burden on student migrant, the Indonesian government can provide daily need aid. The Indonesian government also need diplomate to educational institutions to reduce their tuition fees and extend residence permit.
WABAH VIRUS KORONA DAN MOMENTUM EVALUASI REZIM KETAHANAN PANGAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Kamim Anggalih Bayu Muh. 
Published: November 2020

This study will explore the production approach of the food security regime in Indonesia, which increasingly marginalized peasant during the COVID-19 pandemic. The production approach emphasizes the role of global governance by encouraging trade liberalization and the large role of corporations to control the supply chain from upstream to downstream creating vulnerability to peasant. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decline in market share of peasant agricultural products due to the closure of the wholesale market that supplies hotels and restaurants. The results of the study show that government policy during the COVID-19 pandemic increasingly benefited food corporations by easing operating hours for modern retailers and fixing selling prices that benefited corporations. Meanwhile, peasant are increasingly marginalized during the Corona virus outbreak in the operation of the food security regime with restrictions on the operation of traditional markets, price adjustments at the farm level, and the involvement of agribusiness application companies that are envisaged to help marketing, but in reality do not necessarily give selling prices which is beneficial due to the low bargaining power of Â peasant.
ANALISA PERFORMA KAPAL KM. CIREMAI DENGAN MODIFIKASI PENAMBAHAN PROPELLER HUB CAPS FIN DENGAN METODE EKSPERIMEN
Authors: Suharto Suharto , Sulaiman Sulaiman 
Published: November 2020

The various ship propulsion models there are several considerations in the selection to be applied to the ship, such considerations are required in the planning of the ship's propulsion. With the addition of propeller hub caps fin is expected to deliver a flow model that supports the performance of propulsion systems on ship. The purpose to analyzes the best performance of the propeller shaft engine, representing a comparison of fuel consumption efficiency, as well as ship speed based on the addition of propeller hub caps fin on MV. CEREMAI. Method used was conducted experimentally to determine the performance of the ship's engines before and after using energo pro fin (propeller hub caps fin) with sea trial. Result shows 2% reduction in fuel consumption on the portside main engine and 3% starboard main engine. As well as enabling increased operational speed of KM ships. CIREMAI at 12% with the same rpm round. So selection of ship propeller types affects the performance of enegro profin (propeller hub caps fin).
Santiago de Compostela en la crisis del cambio de siglo (1699-1716). A propósito de un “barroco aportuguesado"
Authors: Rega Castro Iván 
Published: November 2020

Está claro que toda crisis en el “sistema del arte”, si está bien controlada, es un signo de vitalidad, antes que de agotamiento; de este modo, crisis puede identificarse simplemente con “cambio”. ¿Cuáles son entonces las condiciones que generan una situación de este tipo? En Santiago de Compostela alrededor de 1700, especialmente en el campo de la talla dorada y la retablística, se produjo un punto de inflexión en el “campo de producción” y un cambio de repertorio, promovido por los más dinámicos círculos artísticos y religiosos, capitaneados por Domingo de Andrade; una situación que está relacionada con la llegada a Santiago de Compostela de entalladores y escultores —José y Ciprián Domínguez Bugarín, Francisco de Castro Canseco— del sur de Galicia. Tal vez estos desarrollos del arte de la talla y la retablística hayan sido la manifestación de un nuevo “gusto” o sensibilidad estética que conocemos como “barroco aportuguesado”.
Los fondos artísticos y documentales en los museos online de arte contemporáneo: información versus contextualización
Authors: Río Castro José Nicolás del 
Published: November 2020

Los museos en Internet se han consolidado como recursos de ocio, aprendizaje y trabajo para un público global. A pesar de ello, un ámplio número de museos de arte contemporáneo tiende a presentar sus fondos online siguiendo modelos internos de catalogación y documentación, más que a través de estrategias de difusión para una audiencia amplia y diversificada. En consecuencia, los museos online de esta tipología suelen funcionar como repositorios digitales, cuando la información que proporcionan es amplia, o como folletos publicitarios del museo físico, cuando la información es menos abundante. Este artículo analiza los fondos artísticos y documentales de 40 museos online de arte contemporáneo y presenta alternativas de divulgación no basadas únicamente en la clasificación de datos sino en la contextualización de significados.
Los discursos poscolonialista y feminista sobre el arte moderno: la crítica de Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Authors: Baiges Maite Méndez 
Published: November 2020

Les Demoiselles d’Avignon de Picasso (1907) ha sido considerada a lo largo de un siglo una obra paradigmática del arte y la estética modernas, y, como tal, se ha visto sometida al análisis de la mayoría de los enfoques de la historia del arte. La crítica en torno a esta obra ha ido modelando lo que denominamos “relato ortodoxo de la modernidad”. Los enfoques más recientes, procedentes de la crítica feminista y la poscolonialista (incluidos los estudios sobre el “subalterno”), suponen una auténtica deconstrucción del discurso dominante sobre lo moderno o vanguardista. Este texto analiza pormenorizadamente los presupuestos de esta nueva crítica.
Aggregate Airs: Atmospheres of Oil and Gas in the Greater Chaco
Authors: Grant Sonia 
Published: November 2020

In the Greater Chaco region of northwest New Mexico, new fracking technologies are stirring up lands, chemicals, and relations that concentrate attention in the surround. This article argues that extraction’s cumulative atmospheric effects are experienced by Diné residents of the region in ways that cannot be accounted for by the agencies that manage oil and gas. The state’s presumption of atmospheric commensurability is reinforced by techniques of settler governance that fragment ecological and ontological domains like air and land. This fragmentation often preempts the possibility for Indigenous claims to meaningfully disrupt administrative or judicial actions. Unfolding extraction’s atmospheres across three cases, I examine how scale mediates the problem of commensurability. I describe how prevailing approaches to regulating impacts of the oil and gas industry manipulate scale in ways that obscure the cumulative effects of extraction. Drawing on fieldwork with Diné residents of the region who have mobilized to study how fracking affects their wellbeing, and I show how this scalar work facilitates the commensuration of extraction’s impacts across Indigenous and non-Indigenous worlds––as well as when this commensuration fails.
Breathing Fire into Landscapes that Burn: Wildfire Management in a Time of Alterlife
Authors: Zahara Alex 
Published: November 2020

Across the globe, settler nation-states are being forced to contend with the large-scale ecological and social disruptions caused by settler colonialism. Wildfires are a charismatic example of this: when anthropogenic climate change combines with colonial forest management practices, wildfires act in ever changing ways with often violent and uneven impacts to human and nonhuman life. In a context of environmental change, managers, fire ecologists, and politicians alike are increasingly looking to reintroduce fire as a way of restoring “natural” forest landscapes while reducing fire suppression costs. In this paper, I examine one such policy of fire re-integration, in what is currently the Canadian province of Saskatchewan, the homelands of more than 50,000 Indigenous people (Cree, Dakota, Dene, Métis) who live in the province’s Boreal Forest region. In 2004, the Province implemented a controversial policy that locals colloquially refer to as “Let-it-Burn,” where fires are allowed to burn until they encroach upon something designated of “value” (typically human life, community structures, public infrastructure, and commercial timber). While wildfire managers, scientists, and politicians alike consistently advocate for policies of fire-reintegration as ecologically-sound and financially responsible ways forward with fire management, many locals have argued that “Let-it-Burn” is a direct affront to Indigenous sovereignty, destroying contemporary forest landscapes and rebuilding them through state-sanctioned settler values. Breathing fire back into landscapes that burn is a peculiar solution that at once acknowledges and erases the effects of fire’s removal through policies of restoration that risk ignoring the ongoingness of life in forested areas. Through interviews and archival and ethnographic fieldwork, this paper traces the history of the province’s “Let-it-Burn” policy, asking the question, “how to burn well in compromised lands?” As a way forward with fire reintegration (or not), I highlight the necessity of Indigenous partnership, leadership, and direction within fire management practices on Indigenous territory, which may include fire suppression. This paper adds to STS scholarship on ecological ruination and alterlife, arguing that wildfire management practices are likely to cause harm so long as the effects of settler colonialism are placed in the past and Indigenous rebuilding is erased.