bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of scar on the spatio-temporal relationship between electrical and mechanical activation in heart failure patients
Authors: Maffessanti Francesco , Jadczyk Tomasz , Kurzelowski Radosław , Regoli François , Caputo Maria Luce , Conte Giulio , Gołba Krzysztof S , Biernat Jolanta , Wilczek Jacek , Dąbrowska Magdalena , Pezzuto Simone , Moccetti Tiziano , Krause Rolf , Wojakowski Wojciech , Prinzen Frits W , Auricchio Angelo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between electrical and mechanical activation in heart failure (HF) patients and whether electromechanical coupling is affected by scar.

Methods and results
Seventy HF patients referred for cardiac resynchronization therapy or biological therapy underwent endocardial anatomo-electromechanical mapping (AEMM) and delayed-enhancement magnetic resonance (CMR) scans. Area strain and activation times were derived from AEMM data, allowing to correlate mechanical and electrical activation in time and space with unprecedented accuracy. Special attention was paid to the effect of presence of CMR-evidenced scar. Patients were divided into a scar (n = 43) and a non-scar group (n–27). Correlation between time of electrical and mechanical activation was stronger in the non-scar compared to the scar group [R = 0.84 (0.72–0.89) vs. 0.74 (0.52–0.88), respectively; P = 0.01]. The overlap between latest electrical and mechanical activation areas was larger in the absence than in presence of scar [72% (54–81) vs. 56% (36–73), respectively; P = 0.02], with smaller distance between the centroids of the two regions [10.7 (4.9–17.4) vs. 20.3 (6.9–29.4) % of left ventricular radius, P = 0.02].

Conclusion
Scar decreases the association between electrical and mechanical activation, even when scar is remote from late activated regions.
The Unexplored World of Human Virome, Mycobiome, and Archaeome in Aging
Authors: Barrera-Vázquez Oscar Salvador , Gomez-Verjan Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the last decades, improvements in different aspects of sanitation, medical care, and nutrition, among others, have permitted an increase in the average lifespan of human population around the world. These advances have stimulated an increased interest in the study of the aging process and age-sensitive characteristics, such as the microbial community that colonizes the human body (microbiome). The human microbiome is composed of bacteria (bacteriome), archaea (archaeome), fungi (mycobiome), and viruses (virome). To date, research has mainly been centered on the composition of the bacteriome, with other members remain poorly studied. Interestingly, changes in the composition of the microbiome have been implicated in aging and age-related diseases. Therefore, in the present perspective, we suggest expanding the scope to research to include the role and the possible associations that the other members of the microbiome could have in the aging organism. An expanded view of the microbiome would increase our knowledge of the physiology of aging and may be particularly valuable for the treatment and diagnosis of age-related diseases.
New Directions to Advance Family Caregiving Research
Authors: Hepburn Ken , Siegel Elena O 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This supplement describes the content, processes, and outcomes of the Research Priorities in Caregiving Summit convened by the Family Caregiving Institute (FCI) at the Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing at UC Davis in March 2018. As described in the editorial introduction and the supplement’s four papers, the summit sought to integrate and cross-pollenate the already compendious work on family caregiving to describe ways forward in the field. Thought-provoking commissioned synthesizing papers on issues of heterogeneity and trajectories of caregiving and its cultural embeddedness and on the potential of technology to shape and enhance caregiving interventions set the stage for a highly disciplined, multistaged process that resulted in the drafting of a set of research themes and priorities that were later finalized by faculty at the FCI.
Denoising ambient seismic field correlation functions with convolutional autoencoders
Authors: Viens Loïc , Van Houtte Chris 
Published: December 2019

SUMMARYSeismic interferometry is an established method for monitoring the temporal evolution of the Earth’s physical properties. We introduce a new technique to improve the precision and temporal resolution of seismic monitoring studies based on deep learning. Our method uses a convolutional denoising autoencoder, called ConvDeNoise, to denoise ambient seismic field correlation functions. The technique can be applied to traditional two-station cross-correlation functions but this study focuses on single-station cross-correlation (SC) functions. SC functions are computed by cross correlating the different components of a single seismic station and can be used to monitor the temporal evolution of the Earth’s near surface. We train and apply our algorithm to SC functions computed with a time resolution of 20 min at seismic stations in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan. We show that the relative seismic velocity change [dv/v(t)] computed from SC functions denoised with ConvDeNoise has less variability than that calculated from raw SC functions. Compared to other denoising methods such as the SVD-based Wiener Filter method developed by Moreau et al., the dv/v results obtained after using our algorithm have similar precision. The advantage of our technique is that once the algorithm is trained, it can be apply to denoise near-real-time SC functions. The near-real-time aspect of our denoising algorithm may be useful for operational hazard forecasting models, for example when applying seismic interferometry at an active volcano.
How Scary Are Threat Appeals? Evaluating the Intensity of Fear in Experimental Research
Authors: Dillard James Price , Li Shu Scott 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
One long-standing concern holds that much is unknown about the operation of threat appeals because practical and ethical matters preclude the use of seriously frightening messages. This project compared the intensity of fear produced by experimental messages with that produced by adverse events, such as wars and hurricanes. Results showed that threat appeals (k = 80; N = 6,738; Δ = 2.15) have been effective at inducing levels of fear that are on par with the fear induced by real-world occurrences (k = 19, N = 4,928, Δ = 2.01). Thus, the positive, linear association between threat (X) and persuasion (Y) observed in previous meta-analyses is probably an accurate characterization of the X-Y association: a finding that is inconsistent with inverted-U theories. The distribution of fear values produced by the experimental messages provides empirical benchmarks for future research.
Insights into the genetic basis of retinal detachment
Authors: Boutin Thibaud S , Charteris David G , Chandra Aman , Campbell Susan , Hayward Caroline , Campbell Archie ,   UK Biobank Eye & Vision Consortium, Nandakumar Priyanka , Hinds David ,   23andMe Research Team, Mitry Danny , Vitart Veronique , Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K , Bryc Katarzyna , Elson Sarah L , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A , Hicks Barry , Huber Karen E , Jewett Ethan M , Jiang Yunxuan , Kleinman Aaron , Lin Keng-Han , Litterman Nadia K , McIntyre Matthew H , McManus Kimberly F , Mountain Joanna L , Noblin Elizabeth S , Northover Carrie A M , Pitts Steven J , Poznik G David , Sathirapongsasuti J Fah , Shelton Janie F , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y , Vacic Vladimir , Wang Xin , Wilson Catherine H 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRetinal detachment (RD) is a serious and common condition, but genetic studies to date have been hampered by the small size of the assembled cohorts. In the UK Biobank data set, where RD was ascertained by self-report or hospital records, genetic correlations between RD and high myopia or cataract operation were, respectively, 0.46 (SE = 0.08) and 0.44 (SE = 0.07). These correlations are consistent with known epidemiological associations. Through meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies using UK Biobank RD cases (N = 3 977) and two cohorts, each comprising ~1 000 clinically ascertained rhegmatogenous RD patients, we uncovered 11 genome-wide significant association signals. These are near or within ZC3H11B, BMP3, COL22A1, DLG5, PLCE1, EFEMP2, TYR, FAT3, TRIM29, COL2A1 and LOXL1. Replication in the 23andMe data set, where RD is self-reported by participants, firmly establishes six RD risk loci: FAT3, COL22A1, TYR, BMP3, ZC3H11B and PLCE1. Based on the genetic associations with eye traits described to date, the first two specifically impact risk of a RD, whereas the last four point to shared aetiologies with macular condition, myopia and glaucoma. Fine-mapping prioritized the lead common missense variant (TYR S192Y) as causal variant at the TYR locus and a small set of credible causal variants at the FAT3 locus. The larger study size presented here, enabled by resources linked to health records or self-report, provides novel insights into RD aetiology and underlying pathological pathways.
Berry–Esseen Type Estimate and Return Sequence for Parabolic Iteration in the Upper Half-Plane
Authors: Arizmendi Octavio , Salazar Mauricio , Wang Jiun-Chau 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We prove a Berry–Esseen type theorem for the convergence rate in the monotone central limit theorem. When the underlying measure is singular relative to Lebesgue measure, this central limit process is viewed as an infinite measure-preserving dynamical system and we prove that it has a regularly varying return sequence of index $1/2$.
Elimination or Resurgence: Modelling Lymphatic Filariasis After Reaching the 1% Microfilaremia Prevalence Threshold
Authors: Prada Joaquin M , Davis Emma L , Touloupou Panayiota , Stolk Wilma A , Kontoroupis Periklis , Smith Morgan E , Sharma Swarnali , Michael Edwin , de Vlas Sake J , Hollingsworth T Déirdre 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The low prevalence levels associated with lymphatic filariasis elimination pose a challenge for effective disease surveillance. As more countries achieve the World Health Organization criteria for halting mass treatment and move on to surveillance, there is increasing reliance on the utility of transmission assessment surveys (TAS) to measure success. However, the long-term disease outcomes after passing TAS are largely untested. Using 3 well-established mathematical models, we show that low-level prevalence can be maintained for a long period after halting mass treatment and that true elimination (0% prevalence) is usually slow to achieve. The risk of resurgence after achieving current targets is low and is hard to predict using just current prevalence. Although resurgence is often quick (&lt;5 years), it can still occur outside of the currently recommended postintervention surveillance period of 4–6 years. Our results highlight the need for ongoing and enhanced postintervention monitoring, beyond the scope of TAS, to ensure sustained success.
Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants in Antiretroviral Drug-Naive Individuals: A Systematic Review of Detection Methods, Prevalence, and Clinical Impact
Authors: Mbunkah Herbert A , Bertagnolio Silvia , Hamers Raph L , Hunt Gillian , Inzaule Seth , Rinke De Wit Tobias F , Paredes Roger , Parkin Neil T , Jordan Michael R , Metzner Karin J ,   WHO HIVResNet Working Group
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of high-abundance drug-resistant HIV-1 jeopardizes success of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Despite numerous investigations, the clinical impact of low-abundance drug-resistant HIV-1 variants (LA-DRVs) at levels &lt;15%–25% of the virus population in antiretroviral (ARV) drug-naive individuals remains controversial.MethodsWe systematically reviewed 103 studies assessing prevalence, detection methods, technical and clinical detection cutoffs, and clinical significance of LA-DRVs in antiretroviral drug-naive adults.ResultsIn total, 14 919 ARV drug-naive individuals were included. Prevalence of LA-DRVs (ie, proportion of individuals harboring LA-DRVs) was 0%–100%. Technical detection cutoffs showed a 4 log range (0.001%–10%); 42/103 (40.8%) studies investigating the impact of LA-DRVs on ART; 25 studies included only individuals on first-line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART regimens. Eleven of those 25 studies (44.0%) reported a significantly association between preexisting LA-DRVs and risk of virological failure whereas 14/25 (56.0%) did not.ConclusionsComparability of the 103 studies is hampered by high heterogeneity of the studies’ designs and use of different methods to detect LA-DRVs. Thus, evaluating clinical impact of LA-DRVs on first-line ART remains challenging. We, the WHO HIVResNet working group, defined central areas of future investigations to guide further efforts to implement ultrasensitive resistance testing in routine settings.
Large-scale genome mining allows identification of neutral polymorphisms and novel resistance mutations in genes involved in Candida albicans resistance to azoles and echinocandins
Authors: Sitterlé Emilie , Coste Alix T , Obadia Thomas , Maufrais Corinne , Chauvel Murielle , Sertour Natacha , Sanglard Dominique , Puel Anne , D’Enfert Christophe , Bougnoux Marie-Elisabeth 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe genome of Candida albicans displays significant polymorphism. Point mutations in genes involved in resistance to antifungals may either confer phenotypic resistance or be devoid of phenotypic consequences.ObjectivesTo catalogue polymorphisms in azole and echinocandin resistance genes occurring in susceptible strains in order to rapidly pinpoint relevant mutations in resistant strains.MethodsGenome sequences from 151 unrelated C. albicans strains susceptible to fluconazole and caspofungin were used to create a catalogue of non-synonymous polymorphisms in genes involved in resistance to azoles (ERG11, TAC1, MRR1 and UPC2) or echinocandins (FKS1). The potential of this catalogue to reveal putative resistance mutations was tested in 10 azole-resistant isolates, including 1 intermediate to caspofungin. Selected mutations were analysed by mutagenesis experiments or mutational prediction effect.ResultsIn the susceptible strains, we identified 126 amino acid substitutions constituting the catalogue of phenotypically neutral polymorphisms. By excluding these neutral substitutions, we identified 22 additional substitutions in the 10 resistant strains. Among these substitutions, 10 had already been associated with resistance. The remaining 12 were in Tac1p (n = 6), Upc2p (n = 2) and Erg11p (n = 4). Four out of the six homozygous substitutions in Tac1p (H263Y, A790V, H839Y and P971S) conferred increases in azole MICs, while no effects were observed for those in Upc2p. Additionally, two homozygous substitutions (Y64H and P236S) had a predicted conformation effect on Erg11p.ConclusionsBy establishing a catalogue of neutral polymorphisms occurring in genes involved in resistance to antifungal drugs, we provide a useful resource for rapid identification of mutations possibly responsible for phenotypic resistance in C. albicans.
The Role of Liquidity in Preventing Dis-investment in Crop Inputs: Evidence from Zambia
Authors: Kusunose Yoko , Mason-Wardell Nicole , Tembo Solomon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Despite the current focus on asset smoothing, very few studies consider how seasonal crop input decisions are affected by income shocks. If households cope with ‘bad’ harvests by cutting back on production inputs in the following seasons, they are likely to be slowing down their economic recovery. If such shocks increase in frequency, the ability to recover quickly becomes critical. This study posits that access to liquidity sources plays a role in determining a household’s investments in crop inputs following low-harvest years. Using nationally representative, household-level panel survey data from rural Zambia, we test for differential effects—by household liquidity level—of rainfall shocks on input investments in own-farm production. We estimate semi-elasticities, with respect to these shocks, of four maize inputs: basal fertilizer, top dressing fertilizer, improved maize seed and area planted to maize. Crucially, we allow the magnitude of these input adjustments to differ by household liquidity indicators, as measured by chickens, small livestock (sheep, goats, pigs), cattle, off-farm income and access to fertilizer subsidies. Our findings suggest that rainfall shocks negatively affect the use of some maize inputs. Importantly, households with cattle and access to the national fertilizer subsidy program show significantly smaller reductions in the use of mineral fertilizer. Curiously, we also observe that households with poultry and small livestock reduce their fertilizer use even more than those without.
An exact solution of cosmic ray modulation problem in a stationary composite heliosphere model
Authors: Kolesnyk Yuriy L , Shakhov Boris A , Bobik Pavol , Putis Marian 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
A new theoretical approach to describe the physical processes of energy particle propagation is proposed. This approach is based on the analytically iterative method for solving closed cosmic ray (CR) modulation problems, which was proposed by Shakhov and Kolesnyk. First, we have applied the approach on a simple model of the heliosphere, wherein the diffusion coefficients κ for each region of CR modulation are constants. This approach produced a very good matching of the obtained solution and also provided a numerical solution and an analytical solution. Finally, a modern problem of CR modulation in a stationary composite model of the heliosphere was considered. This model includes an environment that contains adjacent spherically symmetric regions with different modes of propagation of the solar wind (SW) speed for each layer. The CR scattering is due to different factors for each layer of the environment, as characterized by relevant κ values that simultaneously have dependence on the momentum of the particle p and the particle speed $\upsilon$, i.e. $\kappa \propto p\upsilon$. The local interstellar spectra (LISs) are given by a power-law unmodulated spectrum with the slope of the initial spectrum α, i.e. LIS ∝ p−α. An exact solution of the problem of CR modulation for low-energy particles and high-energy particles was first derived and qualitatively compared against the Voyager 1 data.
BALQSO spectra explained by shock disruption of galactic clouds
Authors: Zeilig-Hess Meir , Levinson Amir , Xu Xinfeng , Arav Nahum 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Blue-shifted broad absorption lines (BALs) detected in quasar’s spectra are indicative of active galactic nuclei (AGN) outflows. We show, using 2D hydrodynamical simulations, that disruption of interstellar clouds by a fast AGN wind can lead to formation of cold, dense high-speed blobs that give rise to broad absorption features in the transmission spectrum of the AGN continuum source. For a wind velocity of 0.1c and sufficiently high cloud density (nc ≳ 104 cm−3; depending on size), absorption troughs with velocities up to about 3000 km s−1can be produced. For slower winds and/or lower cloud density, the anticipated velocity of the absorbing clouds should be smaller.
Simultaneous detection of an intrinsic absorber and a compact jet emission in the X-ray binary IGR J17091−3624 during a hard accretion state
Authors: Gatuzz E , Díaz Trigo M , Miller-Jones J C A , Migliari S 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTWe present a detailed analysis of three XMM–Newton observations of the black hole low-mass X-ray binary IGR J17091−3624 taken during its 2016 outburst. Radio observations obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array indicate the presence of a compact jet during all observations. From the best X-ray data fit results, we concluded that the observations were taken during a transition from a hard accretion state to a hard-intermediate accretion state. For Observations 1 and 2, a local absorber can be identified in the EPIC-pn spectra but not in the RGS spectra, preventing us from distinguishing between absorption local to the source and that from the hot ISM component. For Observation 3, on the other hand, we have identified an intrinsic ionized static absorber in both EPIC-pn and RGS spectra. The absorber, observed simultaneously with a compact jet emission, is characterized by an ionization parameter of 1.96 &lt; log ξ &lt; 2.05 and traced mainly by Ne x, Mg xii, Si xiii, and Fe xviii.
The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3–2) emission from the star forming disc of M31
Authors: Li Zongnan , Li Zhiyuan , Smith Matthew W L , Wilson Christine D , Gao Yu , Eales Stephen A , Ao Yiping , Bureau Martin , Chung Aeree , Davis Timothy A , de Grijs Richard , Eden David J , He Jinhua , Hughes Tom M , Jiang Xuejian , Kemper Francisca , Lamperti Isabella , Lee Bumhyun , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Michałowski Michał J , Parsons Harriet , Ragan Sarah , Scicluna Peter , Shi Yong , Tang Xindi , Tomičić Neven , Viaene Sebastien , Williams Thomas G , Zhu Ming 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a CO(3–2) survey of selected regions in the M31 disc as part of the JCMT large programme, HARP and SCUBA-2 High-Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG). The 12 CO(3–2) fields in this survey cover a total area of 60 arcmin2, spanning a deprojected radial range of 2–14 kpc across the M31 disc. Combining these observations with existing IRAM 30 m CO(1–0) observations and JCMT CO(3–2) maps of the nuclear region of M31, as well as dust temperature and star formation rate surface density maps, we are able to explore the radial distribution of the CO(3–2)/CO(1–0) integrated intensity ratio (R31) and its relationship with dust temperature and star formation. We find that the value of R31 between 2 and 9 kpc galactocentric radius is 0.14, significantly lower than what is seen in the nuclear ring at 1 kpc (R31 ∼ 0.8), only to rise again to 0.27 for the fields centred on the 10 kpc star forming ring. We also found that R31 is positively correlated with dust temperature, with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.55. The correlation between star formation rate surface density and CO(3–2) intensity is much stronger than with CO(1–0), with ρ = 0.54 compared to –0.05, suggesting that the CO(3–2) line traces warmer and denser star forming gas better. We also find that R31 correlates well with star formation rate surface density, with ρ = 0.69.
Radio study of the extended TeV source VER J1907+062
Authors: Duvidovich L , Petriella A , Giacani E 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to provide new insights on the origin of the TeV source VER J1907+062 through new high-quality radio observations. We used the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to observe the whole extension of VER J1907+062 at 1.5 GHz with a mosaicking technique and the PSR J1907+0602 in a single pointing at 6 GHz. These data were used together with 12CO and atomic hydrogen observations obtained from public surveys to investigate the interstellar medium in the direction of VER J1907+062. The new radio observations do not show any evidence of a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) driven by the pulsars present in the field and no radio counterpart to the proposed X-ray PWN powered by PSR J1907+0602 is seen in the new VLA image at 6 GHz down to a noise level of 10 $\mu$Jy beam−1. Molecular clouds were discovered over the eastern, southern, and western borders of the radio shell of G40.5−0.5, suggesting an association with this supernova remnant. We explored several scenarios for the origin of VER J1907+062. We propose as the most probable scenario one in which the TeV emission is produced by two separated γ-ray sources located at different distances: one of leptonic origin and associated with a PWN powered by PSR J1907+0602 at ∼3.2 kpc and another of hadronic origin and produced by the interaction between G40.5−0.5 and the surrounding molecular gas at ∼8.7 kpc.