bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐molecular mimetics of nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor: Design and pharmacological properties
Authors: Gudasheva Tatiana A. , Povarnina Polina Y. , Tarasiuk Aleksey V. , Seredenin Sergey B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo overcome the limitations of the clinical use of neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), scientists have been trying to create their low‐molecular‐weight mimetics having improved pharmacokinetic properties and lacking side effects of full‐sized proteins since the 90s of the last century. The efforts of various research groups have led to the production of peptide and nonpeptide mimetics, being agonists or modulators of the corresponding Trk or p75 receptors that reproduced the therapeutic effects of full‐sized proteins. This review discusses different strategies and approaches to the design of such compounds. The relationship between the structure of the mimetics obtained and their action mechanisms and pharmacological properties are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the dipeptide mimetics of individual NGF and BDNF loops having different patterns of activation of Trk receptors signal transduction pathways, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, which allowed to evaluate the contribution of each pathway to different pharmacological effects. In conclusion, data on therapeutically promising compounds being at different stages of preclinical and clinical studies are summarized.
Cerebrolysin in the therapy of mild cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: 30 years of clinical use
Authors: Gavrilova Svetlana I. , Alvarez Anton 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurocognitive disorder and a global health problem. The prevalence of AD is growing dramatically, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries, and will reach 131.5 million cases worldwide by 2050. Therefore, developing a disease‐modifying therapy capable of delaying or even preventing the onset and progression of AD has become a world priority, and is an unmet need. The pathogenesis of AD, considered as the result of an imbalance between resilience and risk factors, begins many years before the typical clinical picture develops and involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Since the pathophysiology of AD is multifactorial, it is not surprising that all attempts done to modify the disease course with drugs directed towards a single therapeutic target have been unsuccessful. Thus, combined modality therapy, using multiple drugs with a single mechanism of action or multi‐target drugs, appears as the most promising strategy for both effective AD therapy and prevention. Cerebrolysin, acting as a multitarget peptidergic drug with a neurotrophic mode of action, exerts long‐lasting therapeutic effects on AD that could reflect its potential utility for disease modification. Clinical trials demonstrated that Cerebrolysin is safe and efficacious in the treatment of AD, and may enhance and prolong the efficacy of cholinergic drugs, particularly in moderate to advanced AD patients. In this review, we summarize advances of therapeutic relevance in the pathogenesis and the biomarkers of AD, paying special attention to neurotrophic factors, and present results of preclinical and clinical investigations with Cerebrolysin in AD.
In a search for efficient treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Old drugs for new approaches
Authors: Kukharsky Michail S. , Skvortsova Veronika I. , Bachurin Sergey O. , Buchman Vladimir L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent progress in understanding the pathological changes in the nervous system and in certain other body systems (e.g., immune system) that lead to the development and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) revealed a number of molecular and cellular processes that can potentially be used as therapeutic targets. Many of these processes are compromised not only in ALS but also in other diseases and a repertoire of drugs able to restore, at least partially, their functionality has been developed. In this review, we briefly describe current approaches to the repurposing of such “old” drugs for treatment of patients with ALS.
Nicotinamide‐induced mouse embryo developmental defect rescued by resveratrol and I‐CBP112
Authors: Yuan Yu‐Guo , Wang Jia‐Lin , Mesalam Ayman , Li Ling , Choi Yun‐Jung , Talimur Reza Abu Musa Md , Zhou Dongjie , Chen Li , Qian Chen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCell cycle of mouse embryo could be delayed by nicotinamide (NAM). Histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) acetylation plays an important role in mammalian genomic stability and the function of this modification in mouse embryos is not known. Hence, we designed to study the effects of NAM‐induced oxidative stress on the developmental ability of mouse embryos, on the acetylation of H3K56ac and the possible functions of this modification related to mouse embryo development. Treatment with NAM (10, 20, or 40 mmol/L for 24 or 48 hr) during in vitro culture significantly decreased developmental rate of blastocyst (24 hr: 90.2 vs. 81.2, 43.2, and 18.2, with p > .05, p < .01, respectively; 48 hr: 89.3 vs. 53.2%, 12.1%, and 0% with p < .05, respectively). NAM treatment (20 mmol/L) for 6 and 31 hr resulted in increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in two‐cell embryos, and apoptotic cell numbers in blastocysts. Resveratrol (RSV) and I‐CBP112 rescued the 20 mmol/L NAM‐induced embryo developmental defects. RSV and I‐CBP112 increased the level of Sirt1 and decreased the level of H3K56ac induced by NAM in two‐cell embryos (p < .05). These data suggest that NAM treatment decreases the expression of Sirt1, which induces high levels of H3K56 acetylation that may be involved in oxidative stress‐induced mouse embryo defects, which can be rescued by RSV and I‐CBP112.
Extracting diffusion tensor fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity from 3‐direction DWI scans using deep learning
Authors: Aliotta Eric , Nourzadeh Hamidreza , Patel Sohil H. 
Published: August 2020

PurposeTo develop and evaluate machine‐learning methods that reconstruct fractional anisotropy (FA) values and mean diffusivities (MD) from 3‐direction diffusion MRI (dMRI) acquisitions.MethodsTwo machine‐learning models were implemented to map undersampled dMRI signals with high‐quality FA and MD maps that were reconstructed from fully sampled DTI scans. The first model was a previously described multilayer perceptron (MLP), which maps signals and FA/MD values from a single voxel. The second was a convolutional neural network U‐Net model, which maps dMRI slices to full FA/MD maps. Each method was trained on dMRI brain scans (N = 46), and reconstruction accuracies were compared with conventional linear‐least‐squares (LLS) reconstructions.ResultsIn an independent testing cohort (N = 20), 3‐direction U‐Net reconstructions had significantly lower absolute FA error than both 3‐direction MLP (U‐Net3‐dir: 0.06 ± 0.01 vs. MLP3‐dir: 0.08 ± 0.01, P < 1 × 10−5) and 6‐direction LLS (LLS6‐dir: 0.09 ± 0.03, P = 1 × 10−5). The MD errors were not significantly different among 3‐direction MLP (0.06 ± 0.01 × 10−3 mm2/s), 3‐direction U‐Net (0.06 ± 0.01 × 10−3 mm2/s), and 6‐direction LLS (0.07 ± 0.02 × 10−3 mm2/s, P > .1).ConclusionThe proposed U‐Net model reconstructed FA from 3‐direction dMRI scans with improved accuracy compared with both a previously described MLP approach and LLS fitting from 6‐direction scans. The MD reconstruction accuracies did not differ significantly between reconstructions.
The influence of coupled physical swelling and chemical reactions on deformable geomaterials
Authors: Ma Yue , Chen Xiao‐Hui , Hosking Lee J. , Yu Hai‐Sui , Thomas Hywel R. , Norris Simon 
Published: August 2020

SummaryCoupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical‐chemical modelling has attracted attention in past decades due to many contemporary geotechnical engineering applications (e.g., waste disposal, carbon capture and storage). However, molecular‐scale interactions within geomaterials (e.g., swelling and dissolution/precipitation) have a significant influence on the mechanical behaviour, yet are rarely incorporated into existing Thermal‐Hydro‐Mechanical‐Chemical (THMC) frameworks. This paper presents a new coupled hydro‐mechanical‐chemical constitutive model to bridge molecular‐scale interactions with macro‐physical deformation by combining the swelling and dissolution/precipitation through an extension of the new mixture‐coupling theory. Entropy analysis of the geomaterial system provides dissipation energy, and Helmholtz free energy gives the relationship between solids and fluids. Numerical simulation is used to compare with the selected recognized models, which demonstrates that the swelling and dissolution/precipitation processes may have a significant influence on the mechanical deformation of the geomaterials.
Side‐chain engineering of perylene diimide dimers: Impact on morphology and photovoltaic performance
Authors: Tintori Francesco , Laventure Audrey , El‐Berjawi Rayane , Cieplechowicz Edward , Umer Lareeb , Hudhomme Piétrick , Welch Gregory C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMorphology evolution of conjugated organic molecular materials in the solid state has important implications for optoelectronic applications. Two aspects that have a large impact on materials self‐assembly in the film are the nature of the side‐chains and the processing conditions. Films of N‐annulated perylene diimide (PDI) dimer derivatives with different side‐chains at the pyrrolic and imide N‐positions are herein studied after solution processing using the solvent additives 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) or diphenyl ether (DPE). Branched or cyclohexyl side‐chains are investigated at the imide position (compounds 1 vs. 2) while linear, cyclic or branched alkyl side‐chains are investigated at the pyrrolic position (compounds 1 vs. 3 vs. 4). Film morphology of the four materials were examined using polarized light, fluorescence, and atomic force microscopy (POM, FM, and AFM, respectively). Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices using the donor polymer PTB7‐Th with each PDI dimer as a non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) were fabricated and tested to correlate morphology to electronic performances. Cyclohexyl side‐chains at the imide position reduced PDI dimer (2) solubility, gave flower like crystals in the film, and overall poor OPV performance regardless of processing. Cyclic alkyl side‐chains at the pyrrolic position impeded PDI dimer (3) crystallization and lead to moderate OPV performance. A combination of branched and linear side‐chains on the PDI dimer (compounds 1 and 4) provided sufficient solubility in non‐halogenated solvents and best OPV performance without the use of processing additives. For 1 with linear side‐chains at the pyrrolic position, processing with additives lead to moderate crystallization and improved OPV performance. For 4 with branched‐side chains, processing with additives lead to major crystallization and poor OPV performance. Side‐chain engineering is critical for controlling the self‐assembly of N‐annulated PDI dimers and it was shown that the choice and volume of processing additive must be evaluated systematically for maximizing electronic performance.
Sporadic compared to recurrent urinary tract infections: Considerations for urogynecologic patients
Authors: Bradley Megan S. , Cabrera Camila , Clark Stephanie Glass , Sassani Jessica , Venuti Kristen , Ackenbom Mary F. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe the uropathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns in women with singular, sporadic urinary tract infection (UTI) vs those with recurrent UTI (rUTI) in a urogynecologic population.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis of women treated for a UTI by a urogynecologic provider in a 1‐year timeframe. Subjects were divided into two groups: (a) sporadic UTI—no history of rUTI and a single infection in the study timeframe and (b) rUTI—history of rUTI and ≥2 UTIs in the study timeframe. Our primary outcome was the difference in uropathogens between groups. Secondary aims were to investigate host characteristics associated with recurrent Escherichia coli infections and resistant uropathogens in the rUTI cohort.ResultsWe had 265 women with 163 (61.5%) in the sporadic UTI group and 102 (38.5%) in the rUTI group. The most common uropathogens were E. coli (57.3%) and Klebsiella (11.7%). In the rUTI group, only 27 of 102 (26.5%) had all E. coli infections. There were differences between groups regarding age (P = .03) and proportion of neurogenic bladder (P = .01), intermittent self‐catheterization (P < .01), antibiotic suppression (P < .01), and vaginal estrogen therapy (P < .01). In the rUTI cohort, there were no risk factors that were significantly associated with recurrent E.coli UTIs and vaginal estrogen therapy was associated with a higher odds of sensitive uropathogens (adjusted odds ratio, 3.12; confidence interval, 1.28‐7.56).ConclusionsIn those with rUTI, it was uncommon to have recurring E. coli UTIs and consistently sensitive uropathogens. Pretreatment urine cultures are important to verify causative uropathogens in this population.
Can abdominal hypropressive technique improve stress urinary incontinence? an assessor‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jose‐Vaz Luciene A. , Andrade Carine L. , Cardoso Laura C. , Bernardes Bruno T. , Pereira‐Baldon Vanessa S. , Resende Ana Paula M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimTo verify which one improves better stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms: abdominal hypopressive technique (AHT) or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT).MethodsRandomized controlled trial. Women with SUI who had not participated of physiotherapy program before were invited. The outcome measures were 7‐day bladder diary, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) and pelvic floor muscles (PFM) function measured by Modified Oxford grading System with vaginal palpation and manometry with Peritron. Intervention consisted by 12 weeks of exercises program including PFMT or AHT program, in groups of maximum three women, twice a week, with physiotherapist supervision.ResultsAHT and PFMT groups reduced urinary leakage episodes in 7 days, −0.64 and −1.91, respectively, but PFMT was superior, whit mean difference −1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.92 to −0,62) and effect size was 0.94 in favor to PFMT. Regarding to total score of ICIQ‐SF, both groups improved, with mean difference between groups −4.7 (95% CI: −6.90 to −2.50) and effect size was 1.04 in favor to PFMT. Manometry also presented improvement after treatment for both groups with mean difference between them of 11 (95% CI: 6.33‐15.67) and effect size was 1.15 also in favor to PFMT.ConclusionRegarding to SUI symptoms, quality of life impact and PFM function both groups presented improvement, however, PFMT was superior to AHT among all of them.
Weighted Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer type inequalities for convex functions
Authors: İşcan İmdat 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, first, we prove the weighted Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer inequalities for convex functions, after we establish some new weighted inequalities connected with the right‐sides of weighted Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer type inequalities for differentiable functions whose derivatives in absolute value at certain powers are convex. The results presented here would provide extensions of those given in earlier works.
Effects of hospital nurses' internalized dominant values, organizational silence, horizontal violence, and organizational communication on patient safety
Authors: Doo Eun‐Young , Kim Miyoung 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent studies have identified common problems with patient safety in hospitals and medical institutions have responded, prioritizing service quality and performance, including patient safety. However, the factors influencing safety for hospital patients are still being examined and clarified. We aimed to investigate how hospital nurses' internalized dominant values, organizational silence, horizontal violence, and organizational communication satisfaction can affect patient safety and to construct and verify a hypothetical model describing the relationships between these factors. The participant sample included 301 hospital nurses from four large (≥500 beds) general hospitals in Gyeonggi‐do, South Korea. Data were collected through questionnaires from October to November 2018 and analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0. Factors that had direct effects on patient safety were organizational silence (β = −.130, p < .05) and organizational communication satisfaction (β = .209, p < .001). Factors that had indirect effects on patient safety were internalized dominant values and horizontal violence. The explanatory power of these variables for patient safety was 7.9%. The results indicate that organizational silence, horizontal violence, and organizational communication satisfaction fully mediated the relationship between nurses' internalized dominant values and patient safety. Our findings may be useful to hospital administrators and managers in identifying and analyzing these organizational characteristics in their institutions. Further, the model described in the results may be used to inform the development of educational programs and strategies to improve patient safety by reducing organizational silence and horizontal violence and improving organizational communication.
Feasibility and acceptability of intensive, real‐time biobehavioral data collection using ecological momentary assessment, salivary biomarkers, and accelerometers among middle‐aged African Americans
Authors: Nam Soohyun , Dunton Genevieve F. , Ordway Monica R. , Ash Garrett I. , Jeon Sangchoon , Vlahov David , Whittemore Robin , Nelson LaRon E. , Sinha Rajita , Nunez‐Smith Marcella , Granger Douglas A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPerceived racial discrimination is linked to unhealthy behaviors and stress‐related morbidities. A compelling body of research indicates that perceived racial discrimination may contribute to health disparities among African Americans (AAs). The purposes of this study were to describe the study protocol including data collection procedures and study measures and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of intensive biobehavioral data collection using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), salivary biomarkers, and accelerometers over 7 days among middle‐aged AAs with a goal of understanding the relationships between perceived racial discrimination and biobehavioral responses to stress. Twelve AA men and women participated in the feasibility/acceptability study. They completed surveys, anthropometrics, and received in‐person training in EMA and saliva sample collection at baseline. Participants were asked to respond to the random prompt text message‐based EMA five times a day, wear an accelerometer daily for 7 days, and to self‐collect saliva samples four times a day for 4 consecutive days. The EMA surveys included perceived racial discrimination, affective states, lifestyle behaviors, and social and physical contexts. The mean EMA response rate was 82.8%. All participants collected saliva samples four times a day for 4 consecutive days. About 83% of participants wore the accelerometer on the hip 6 out of 7 days. Despite the perception that the intensive nature of assessments would result in high participant burden, the acceptability of the study procedures was uniformly favorable.
The Medical Outcome Study‐HIV Health Survey: A systematic review and reliability generalization meta‐analysis
Authors: Alcocer‐Bruno Cristian , Ferrer‐Cascales Rosario , Rubio‐Aparicio María , Ruiz‐Robledillo Nicolás 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Medical Outcome Study‐HIV Health Survey (MOS‐HIV) is one of the most used questionnaires for the evaluation of the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in both medical settings and research studies. This study aimed to estimate the average reliability of the MOS‐HIV scores and to evaluate the characteristics of the studies that could explain the variability between reliability estimates. Furthermore, the study aimed to estimate the induction rate of the reliability of the MOS‐HIV. A systematic review of the previous literature, including studies that reported α and/or test–retest coefficients with the data at hand for the total score of the MOS‐HIV and the subscales, was conducted. Fifty studies (52 samples; N = 14,132) were included in the reliability generalization meta‐analysis. The average α coefficient for the total score of MOS‐HIV was .91 and above .80 for all of the subscales, except for role functioning, which had an average coefficient of .76. Different study dimensions were related to the heterogeneity of reliability between studies. Reliability induction was found to be 76.1%. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the MOS‐HIV is a reliable instrument for HRQoL evaluation in PLWHIV, for clinical and research purposes. In the clinical practice of health services, nurses could employ this gold standard for reliable evaluations of HRQoL in PLWHIV.
Extremely high birth prevalence of sickle cell disease in rural Tanzania
Authors: Eastburg Luke , Peckham Andrew , Kawira Esther , Chirangi Bwire , Adler David , Akungo Brian Dee , Smart Luke R. , Ambrose Emmanuela E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground/objectivesSickle cell disease (SCD) is an important, hidden cause of childhood mortality worldwide. It is most prevalent in sub‐Saharan Africa where national newborn screening programs remain unavailable and most children in rural areas are never diagnosed. We conducted a study at a rural district hospital in northern Tanzania to determine the birth prevalence and community awareness of SCD and to determine the feasibility of using point‐of‐care testing to enroll newborns in a new SCD clinic for ongoing treatment.Design/methodsWe screened infants at Shirati KMT hospital for SCD using HemoTypeSC, an inexpensive point‐of‐care test. Infants who screened positive were enrolled in the SCD clinic and instructed to return at 6‐12 weeks for confirmatory testing, counseling, and preventive care.ResultsA total of 999 newborns were screened from February to September 2019. Among these, 31.6% (315/999) had sickle cell trait and 3.9% (39/999) had SCD. No hemoglobin C was detected. Very few parents knew their own sickle cell status (0.3%). At 5 months after completion, 12 infants from the screening study and 30 additional children had been seen at the SCD clinic for ongoing counseling and care.ConclusionsBirth prevalence of SCD in rural Tanzania is extremely high and community awareness is low. Newborn point‐of‐care testing enhances case finding and enables early enrollment in preventive care for SCD, even in rural sub‐Saharan Africa with minimal laboratory capacity. SCD‐specific clinical services implemented at the district hospital level could expand access to many children and significantly reduce early SCD morbidity and mortality.