bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rab27b regulates the release, autophagic clearance, and toxicity of alpha-synuclein
Authors: Underwood Rachel , Wang Bing , Carico Christine , Whitaker Robert H. , Placzek William J. , Yacoubian Talene 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAlpha synuclein (αsyn) is the primary component of proteinaceous aggregates termed Lewy Bodies that pathologically define synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). αSyn is hypothesized to spread through the brain in a prion-like fashion by misfolded protein forming a template for aggregation of endogenous αsyn. The release and uptake of αsyn from cell to cell are considered important processes for this prion-like spread. Rab27b is one of several GTPases essential to the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and is implicated in protein secretion and clearance but has yet to be characterized in its role in αsyn spread. In this study, we used a paracrine αsynin vitromodel to test the impact of Rab27b on αsyn release, clearance, and toxicity. shRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) of Rab27b increased αsyn-mediated paracrine toxicity. While Rab27b reduced αsyn release primarily through non-exosomal pathways, the αsyn released under KD conditions was of higher molecular weight species by size exclusion chromatography. Rab27b KD increased intracellular insoluble αsyn levels and led to an accumulation of endogenous LC3 positive puncta. Rab27b KD also decreased LC3 turnover with chloroquine treatment, indicating a defect in autophagic flux. Rab27b protein levels were increased in postmortem human brain lysates from PD and DLB subjects compared to healthy controls. These data indicate a role for Rab27b in the release, clearance, and toxicity of αsyn and ultimately in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies.
Does co-production build on co-creation or does co-creation result in co-producing?
Authors: Luonila Mervi , Jyrämä Annukka 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to deepen the theoretical understanding on value (co-)creation particularly in the context of arts.Design/methodology/approachThrough critical readings of the current theories on co-creation and co-production, we analyse literature relating to the network and service-dominant logic from the perspective of the arts field.FindingsIt is argued here that the context for value co-creation might be better analysed through network relationships, allowing a better identification of actors and their roles. We highlight the role of non-expert consumers through their co-creational experiences. In addition, we question the implicit assumption that the outcome of value co-creation is always progressive.Practical implicationsThe paper provides deeper understanding for art managers of the mechanisms of value (co-)creation.Social implicationsThe paper provides new knowledge of the variety of levels of relations in the value co-creation.Originality/valueThe novelty of the paper lies in the new conceptual framework that offers both a wider perspective for theory building of value (co)creation in the context of arts management and deeper understanding for art managers of the mechanisms of value (co-)creation.
Assembling tribes
Authors: Diaz Ruiz Carlos A. , Penaloza Lisa , Holmqvist Jonas 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the dynamics of ephemerality within consumer tribes by conceptualizing how tribes constitute, disperse and reconstitute. Building upon assemblage thinking, a philosophical approach that redistributes agency from the subject to a web of interconnected human–material actants, this paper shows that tribes manifest via hybrid assemblages of people, things and ideas.

Design/methodology/approach
Insights are drawn from a three-year assemblage-oriented ethnographic study of a salsa-dancing tribe, specifically their ephemeral gatherings across multiple sites without hierarchical organization. Methods include observations as a consumer–participant, producer–participant and in-depth interviewing.

Findings
Introduces a framework documenting how tribes disperse temporarily and reconstitute via a dual process of ascription and distribution. Tribes reconstitute when consumers reproduce an assemblage that effectively overcomes a meshwork of practical challenges. Consumers ascribe to the standards of the tribe while, alternatively, tribes distribute the assemblage beyond the immediate group.

Research limitations/implications
Conceptualizes the socio-technical dynamics that tribes mobilize to disassemble and reassemble through ephemeral gatherings. Proposes a framework on hybrid interdependencies, including not only participants but also techniques, devices and sites.

Practical implications
While previous research shows that tribes can collapse, the authors propose that marketers can intervene to foster long-term resilience. As tribes disperse, consumer and marketing efforts operate at different temporal sequences to enable tribal reconstitutions.

Originality/value
Contributes to the literature on consumer tribes by theorizing ephemerality per ascription and distribution mechanisms.
Facing the fear: resilience and social support in veterans and civilians with PTSD
Authors: Wall Charlotte Louise , Lowe Michelle 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of resilience and social support on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 121 veterans (n = 56) and civilians (n = 65).

Design/methodology/approach
Gender, age and marital status were collected, along with occupation for civilians and the unit served with, rank, length of time deployed, overall months active and location for veterans. The trauma experiences scale for civilians, the PTSD checklist for civilian and military, Resilience Research Centre’s Adult Resilience Measure-28, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Deployment Risk and Resiliency Inventory-2 scales were used.

Findings
The results revealed for both samples, resilience and social support (except unit support for veterans) impacted PTSD symptoms. However, social support did not mediate the relationship between resilience and PTSD.

Practical implications
Implications for policy and practice were discussed.

Originality/value
The originality of this research stems from the incorporation of both a civilian and military sample by comparing their levels of PTSD, resilience and social support.
Modelling sectoral spillovers in the USA (1992–2015)
Authors: Konstantakis Konstantinos N. , Michaelides Panayotis G. , Papageorgiou Theofanis , Daglis Theodoros 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis research paper uses a novel methodological approach to investigate the spillover effects among the key sectors of the US economy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper links the US sectors via a node theoretic scheme based on a general equilibrium framework, whereas it estimates the general equilibrium equation as a Global Vector Autoregressive process, taking into consideration the potential existence of dominant units.FindingsBased on our findings, the dominant sector in the US economy, for the period 1992–2015, is the sector of information technology, finance and communications, a fact that gives credence to the view that the US economy is a service-driven economy. In addition, the US economy seems to benefit by the increased labour mobility across knowledge-intensive sectors, thus avoiding the ‘employment trap’ which in turn enabled the US economy to overcome the financial crisis of 2007.Originality/valueFirstly, the paper models by means of a network approach which is based on a general equilibrium framework, the linkages between the US sectors while treating the sector of information, technology, communications and finance as dominant, as dictated by its degree of centrality in the network structure. Secondly, the paper offers a robustness analysis regarding both the existence and the identification of dominant sectors (nodes) in the US economy. Thirdly, the paper studies a wide period, namely 1992–2015, fully capturing the recent global recession, while acknowledging the impact of the global crisis through the introduction of the relevant exogenous dummy variables; Lastly and most importantly, it is the first study to apply the GVAR approach in a network general equilibrium framework at the sectoral level.
Stakeholder perceptions on the role of school inspection standards in demonstrating education quality in China
Authors: Zheng Hong 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors and issues within the policy context of education and the school inspection system which might affect education quality in China and examine stakeholder perceptions of inspection content and context in one city region in China.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-methods design was used. In all, 365 teachers, headteachers and administrative staff from ten schools across the urban and rural area have responded the questionnaires. A total of 13 interviewees including teachers and headteachers from two urban schools and a rural school, city and national inspectors and an educational officer were conducted. The interview instrument was informed by both international and local literature and some of the quantitative findings.

Findings
This paper argues that student non-academic outcomes were perceived by participants to be more important than academic achievements in demonstrating education quality. The prevailing exam-oriented evaluation system still sets barriers for student all-round development. Educational equity in student performance has not drawn sufficient attention from the inspectorates of Shandong province.

Practical implications
School inspection standards remain to be improved to better support student all-round development and equity in educational outcomes within and between schools, and better accommodate policy contexts and local needs.

Originality/value
This study examines the school effectiveness factors which have been rarely tested in Chinese context and collects new empirical evidence to explore participants’ perceptions on the quality of school inspection criteria and education quality in Shandong province.
Implementing PAR in a Thai community development context
Authors: Doungphummes Nuntiya , Vicars Mark 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an account of a PAR project in a Thai community and to discuss the methodological implications of implementing a culturally responsive approach.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the frameworks for PAR conducted as a community development project with rural Thai communities.FindingsThe paper reviews the use of a PAR approach as a culturally responsive approach and presents an experience of culturally situated research practice.Originality/valueThis paper encourages researchers conducting participatory inquiry to engage in deeper critical reflection on the implications of these methods in keeping with PAR's critical ontological, epistemological and axiological orientation.
Home visits by occupational therapists improve adherence to recommendations: Process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lockwood Kylee J. , Harding Katherine E. , Boyd Jude N. , Taylor Nicholas F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs part of hospital discharge planning, occupational therapists often provide recommendations to improve the interaction between a person and their home environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the number and type of recommendations made by occupational therapists during a home assessment visit compared to hospital‐based assessment for patients recovering from hip fracture. A secondary aim was to explore adherence rates to the different types of recommendations.MethodsProcess evaluation of a randomised controlled trial of 65 participants recovering from hip fracture, returning to community living after hospital discharge. All participants received inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation and hospital‐based assessment by an occupational therapist (usual care). In addition, the intervention group participated in a single home visit with an occupational therapist prior to hospital discharge. Analysis included the number and type of occupational therapy recommendations, adherence to recommendations at 30 days after discharge, and mediation analysis.ResultsParticipants in the home visit group received more recommendations than the usual care group (mean difference [MD] 2.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.9) and adhered to a greater proportion of recommendations for assistive technologies (MD 11.4%, 95% CI 2.6 to 20.2) and task modifications (MD 10.0%, 95% CI 0.7 to 19.3). Participants in both groups had lower rates of adherence to recommendations for home modifications compared with other types of recommendations. Adherence to recommendations was a mediator in the relationship between participants' involvement in a pre‐discharge home visit and reduced hospital readmissions.ConclusionThere was greater adherence to occupational therapy recommendations when patients recovering from hip fracture participated in a home visit compared to hospital‐based assessment, contributing to reduced readmissions to hospital in the first 30 days. Home visits offer additional benefits to hospital‐based assessment through the use of a collaborative approach to decision making in the home environment.
Viscoelastic haemostatic assays and fibrinogen in paediatric acute traumatic coagulopathy: A comprehensive review
Authors: Maconachie Sharon , Jansen Melanie , Cottle Emma , Roy John , Ross Bryony , Winearls James , George Shane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveHaemorrhage in paediatric trauma remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Over recent years there has been increasing attention to the role of fibrinogen in traumatic haemorrhage and the association of low fibrinogen levels with poor patient outcomes. In addition, there has been a move towards using viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHAs) to rapidly assess coagulation status and guide clinicians in the replacement of coagulation factors, including fibrinogen. In the paediatric population, there has been limited uptake of these principles and a paucity of data to support a change in practice. This paper summarises the available evidence in the published literature through a systematic review, presented in narrative format.ResultsThere is limited high‐quality prospective data on the use of VHA in the management of acute traumatic coagulopathy in the paediatric population. While the use of fibrinogen early in major haemorrhage is becoming standard practice, there are currently no randomised prospective studies comparing fibrinogen concentrate to cryoprecipitate.ConclusionsThe early identification of hypo‐fibrinogenemia and acute traumatic coagulopathy in paediatric trauma using VHA testing and subsequent early fibrinogen replacement with a concentrated off the shelf product is an attractive treatment option. However, there is currently insufficient high‐level evidence to support the use of fibrinogen concentrate over cryoprecipitate in the paediatric trauma population. Pilot studies currently under way will go some way to addressing this important knowledge gap, and facilitate the design of larger definitive multi‐centre randomised trials.
Institutional anomie and cross‐national differences in incarceration†
Authors: Weiss Douglas B. , Testa Alexander , Rennó Santos Mateus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMessner and Rosenfeld's (2007) institutional anomie theory (IAT) has mainly been applied by criminologists to explain crime rates at various aggregate levels. However, Messner and Rosenfeld also suggest that the same social and cultural forces that lead to high crime may explain differences in punishment, although this latter proposition has yet to be subject to empirical testing. Using a variety of data sources for 41 countries measuring various structural and cultural configurations, in this study we assess the extent to which IAT can explain cross‐national differences in incarceration. Our results indicate that the strength of the economic institution and the extent of institutional imbalance reflecting a dominant economic institution are positively associated with incarceration rates when the national culture is characterized by individualism, a competitive achievement orientation, or both. A national culture characterized by both collectivism and a cooperative achievement orientation, however, serves as a buffer against the punitive effects of an institutional imbalance that favors the economy. Our results are discussed in the context of the extant IAT literature and future research on cross‐national incarceration.
Trends in the incidence and survival of patients with esophageal cancer: A SEER database analysis
Authors: He Haiqi , Chen Nanzheng , Hou Yue , Wang Zhe , Zhang Yong , Zhang Guangjian , Fu Junke 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundRecent studies have indicated that the incidence of esophageal cancer has declined in the past decade in the U.S. However, trends in the incidence and survival have not been thoroughly examined.MethodsData from 46 063 patients with esophageal cancer between 1973 and 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The trends in the age‐adjusted incidence and survival were analyzed using joinpoint regression models.ResultsThe age‐adjusted incidence of esophageal cancer increased from 5.55 to 7.44 per 100 000 person‐years between 1973 and 2004. Later, it decreased at an annual percentage change of 1.23%. In the last 40 years, the strong male predominance increased slightly. Importantly, the percentage of patients with localized stage of squamous cell cancer decreased. It was observed that the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma declined since 1986, while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma sharply increased since 1973 and surpassed the rate of squamous cell cancer, mainly due to the increase in the incidence among men. Consistently, the estimated 40‐year limited‐duration prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma was higher than that of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, we observed a modest but significant improvement in survival during the study period.ConclusionThe incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has decreased significantly over the past four decades in the U.S., while the incidence of adenocarcinoma has increased, particularly among men. Overall, the long‐term survival of patients with esophageal cancer is poor but it has improved over the past decades, especially for the localized disease.Key pointsSignificant findings of the studyThe incidence of esophageal cancer has decreased at an annual percentage change of 1.23% since 2004. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has sharply increased since 1973 and surpassed the rate of squamous cell cancer, mainly due to the increase in the incidence among men.What this study addsThere has been a shift in the prevalence of esophageal cancer histological subtypes over the past decades in the U.S. We found that the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has continued to decrease, while the esophageal adenocarcinoma rate has continued to increase.
Clinical importance of VEGFC and PD‐L1 co‐expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Qin Tingting , Xia Junling , Liu Shaochuan , Wang Jing , Liu Hailin , Zhang Yan , Jia Yanan , Li Kai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundVascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), an activator of lymphangiogenesis, is newly identified as an immunomodulator which can regulate the immune system so that tumor cells more easily escape immune surveillance. Evidence has shown programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) can also suppress the immune response. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of co‐expression of VEGFC and PD‐L1 for predicting outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma has not yet been determined.MethodsA total of 114 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgeries at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital between December 2011 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Tissue specimens were collected for immunohistochemistry of VEGFC and PD‐L1 which were analyzed with an H‐score system.ResultsIn this study, 57 (50.0%) and 47 (41.2%) patients were classified as VEGFC high expression and PD‐L1 high expression. Co‐expression was observed in 33 (28.9%) patients. In addition, a positive correlation was found between VEGFC and PD‐L1 (P = 0.0398, r = 0.1937). In a univariate analysis, both progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly worse in the VEGFC high expression group and the PD‐L1 high expression group, respectively. Furthermore, VEGFC/PD‐L1 co‐expression showed a worse OS (P = 0.03) and PFS survival (P = 0.01) than the other groups.ConclusionsTaken together, these results indicate that VEGFC/PD‐L1 co‐expression can forecast both poor OS and PFS in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma. Co‐expression of VEGFC and PD‐L1 may serve as a significant prognostic factor for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.Key pointsVEGFC/PD‐L1 co‐expression forecasts poor survival in patients with resected lung adenocarcinoma. VEGFC/PD‐L1 co‐expression may be used as a prognostic indicator and provide the theoretical possibility to screen the optimal population with a combination of anti‐VEGFC and anti‐PD‐L1 therapy in the clinical treatment.
Serum selenium in critically ill patients: Profile and supplementation in a depleted region
Authors: Broman Lars Mikael , Bernardson Anna , Bursell Karin , Wernerman Jan , Fläring Urban , Tjäder Inga 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundGeneral selenium supplementation to intensive care unit (ICU) patients in regions with selenium‐rich soil does not improve outcomes. Still selenium supplementation may reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with low‐serum selenium concentration (S‐Se) in selenium‐poor areas who respond to treatment. The primary aim of this observational study was to investigate S‐Se in a selenium‐deficient region at time of intensive care admission, and in addition to monitor S‐Se during high‐dose selenium supplementation for safety.MethodsWe measured S‐Se in 100 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary general ICU. After initial sampling, high‐dose intravenous (iv) selenium supplementation was administered up to 20 days.ResultsAt admission, in 95% of the cases, S‐Se was below the saturation level for selenoenzymes, in 91%, below the Swedish reference level, and in 71%, below the level where selenoenzyme function may be impaired. At day 5 of substitution, all patients still remaining in the ICU (n = 26) were within the range for enzyme function, 12% were below reference, and 24% did not reach full enzymatic saturation. At day 10 and forward, all patients were within target for treatment. No patients were at risk for toxic S‐Se concentration.ConclusionsS‐Se concentration was substantially lower compared to normal values at ICU admission in this cohort of unselected Swedish critical care patients. Selenium supplementation restituted S‐Se to levels corresponding to enzymatic saturation and the Swedish reference interval for all subjects remaining in the ICU on day 5.