bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One‐pot three‐component azide‐alkyne cycloaddition: Synthesis of new pyrazole, 1,2,3‐triazole, and oxadiazole tethered and their anti‐inflammatory, quantitative structure‐activity relationship, and docking studies
Authors: Kadambar Anish Kumar , Kalluraya Balakrishna , Singh Shalini , Agarwal Vijaykumar , Revanasiddappa Bistuvalli Chandrashekarappa 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA simple and efficient one‐pot three‐component azide‐alkyne cycloaddition of 5‐chloro‐1‐phenyl‐pyrazole‐4‐carbaldehyde with 2‐(prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ylthio)‐5‐(substituted phenoxy)methyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole and sodium azide is reported. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical data. They were screened for in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity by bovine serum albumin denaturation assay. All the tested compounds showed moderate anti‐inflammatory activity, whereas three compounds (4d, 4i, and 4k) showed excellent activity comparable with that of the standard drug diclofenac sodium. The quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) study was carried out for anti‐inflammatory activities of the synthesized compounds and developed a QSAR model. Inspired by their in vitro anti‐inflammatory activities, they were docked to the active site of COX‐2 to know the anti‐inflammatory potency in silico.
Passive immunity in newborn from SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mother
Authors: Cavaliere Anna F. , Marchi Laura , Aquilini Donatella , Brunelli Tamara , Vasarri Pier L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vertical transmission is an open issue. Recent reports call into question in utero or peripartum viral transmission to the offspring. Few data are available on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or IgM in newborns. Insufficient evidence is available regarding passive immunity in neonates born from SARS‐CoV‐2 infected women. We report a case of a neonate showing the presence of blood specific IgG and the absence of IgM and negative nasopharyngeal swab. He was born from an asymptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected mother with positive IgG and IgM. The transplacental passage of specific IgG antibodies from the affected mother to the unaffected fetus highlights neonatal passive immunity.
Hippocampal subregional volume changes in elders classified using positron emission tomography‐based Alzheimer's biomarkers of β‐amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration
Authors: Busatto Filho Geraldo , Duran Fabio Luiz de Souza , Squarzoni Paula , Coutinho Artur Martins Novaes , Rosa Pedro Gomes Penteado , Torralbo Leticia , Pachi Clarice Gameiro da Fonseca , da Costa Naomi Antunes , Porto Fabio Henrique de Gobbi , Carvalho Cleudiana Lima , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi , Nitrini Ricardo , Forlenza Orestes Vicente , Leite Claudia da Costa , Buchpiguel Carlos Alberto , de Paula Faria Daniele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChanges in hippocampal subfield volumes (HSV) along the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum have been scarcely investigated to date in elderly subjects classified based on the presence of β‐amyloid aggregation and signs of neurodegeneration. We classified patients (either sex) with mild dementia compatible with AD (n = 35) or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 39), and cognitively unimpaired subjects (either sex; n = 26) using [11C]PIB‐PET to assess β‐amyloid aggregation (A+) and [18F]FDG‐PET to account for neurodegeneration ((N)+). Magnetic resonance imaging‐based automated methods were used for HSV and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) measurements. Significant HSV reductions were found in A+(N)+ subjects in the presubiculum/subiculum complex and molecular layer, related to worse memory performance. In both the A+(N)+ and A+(N)− categories, subicular volumes were inversely correlated with the degree of Aβ deposition. The A−(N)+ subgroup showed reduced HSV relative to the A−(N)− subgroup also in the subiculum/presubiculum. Combining all (N)− subjects, HSV were lower in subjects presenting significant cognitive decline irrespective of A+/A− classification (controlling for WMH load); these between‐group differences were detected again in the presubiculum, but also involved the CA4 and granular layer. These findings demonstrate that differential HSV reductions are detectable both in (N)+ and (N)− categories along the AD continuum, and are directly related to the severity of cognitive deficits. HSV reductions are larger both in A+(N)+ and A+(N)− subjects in direct proportion to the degree of Aβ deposition. The meaningful HSV reductions detected in the A−(N)+ subgroup highlights the strength of biomarker‐based classifications outside of the classical AD continuum.
The adoption of international publishing within Vietnamese academia from 1986 to 2020: A review
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Ha , Pham Hiep‐Hung , Vuong Quan‐Hoang , Cao Quoc‐Thai , Dinh Viet‐Hung , Nguyen Dinh Duc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study examines the use of international publishing (i.e. publishing in journals/books indexed by international bibliometrics databases) within academia in Vietnam since Doi Moi (the Renovation) in 1986. Document analysis and in‐depth interviews with 20 Vietnamese scholars were undertaken to address the research objective. The findings revealed three important milestones in academic development in Vietnam: 1986–2008, 2008–2017, and 2017 to the present. Between 1986 and 2008, international publishing was almost non‐existent in actual practice in academia, except among the mathematics community. Since 2008, with the launch of the Foundation for Science and Technology Development, international publishing in Vietnam has become more visible on a broader scope (i.e. at ministerial level). Increasing awareness in the academic community of the role of international publishing contributed to a major increase in research output with an international outlook between 2008 and 2017. The third milestone was the promulgation of two new regulations, one relating to doctoral education in 2017 and another to professorship appointments in 2018, in which international publishing databases have been placed at the centre of these policy agendas. Looking ahead, policymakers and academic leaders in Vietnam are recommended to further use international publishing metrics to enhance international research outputs and quality.
Role of n‐3 Fatty Acids on Bile Acid Metabolism and Transport in Dyslipidemia: A Review
Authors: Acharya Pooja , Uppin Vinayak , Zarei Mehrdad , Talahalli Ramaprasad R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDietary n‐3 fatty acids, especially of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3), have always been lauded for their profound effects on regulating the risk factors for major metabolic disorders. Yet, their consumption rate is poor compared to n‐6 fatty acids [linoleic acid (18:2n‐6)], which are predominantly consumed. Hence, the skewed n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acid ratio may have a bearing on the risk factors of various diseases, including dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia and other lifestyle diseases associated with it, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, are a growing concern in both developed and developing countries. A common strategy for addressing dyslipidemia involves bile acid (BA) sequestration, to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of BA, resulting in the modulation of lipid absorption in the intestine, thereby normalizing the levels of circulating lipids. The BA homeostasis is under the tight control of hepatic and enteric BA transporters. Many investigations have reported the effects of dietary constituents, including certain fatty acids on the reabsorption and transport of BA. However, a critical review of the effects of n‐3 fatty acids on BA metabolism and transport is not available. The present review attempts to explore certain unmapped facets of the n‐3 fatty acids on BA metabolism and transport in dyslipidemia, and their interplay with biological processes involving lipid rafts and gut microbiome.
An ultraviolet dyegraph for measuring the chemical disturbances of sinking particles and swimming plankton
Authors: Inman Bryce G. , Franks Peter J. S. , Roberts Paul L. D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSinking particles and swimming plankton may deform ambient chemical gradients, leaving long trails of chemical disturbance that dissipate on a diffusive timescale. Imaging this phenomenon in a laboratory setting requires a large field of view, a broad depth of field, and a passive chemical substance that does not influence the hydrodynamics. These requirements obviate the use of traditional schlieren optical systems, which rely on density stratification and their consequent buoyancy forces, and modern planar laser‐induced fluorescence, which has a narrow depth of field. Further, the light used to induce plankton movement must be kept separate from the recorded signal. Here, we describe a new ultraviolet “dyegraph” technique that quantifies dye disturbance caused by sinking spheres and swimming zooplankton. An experimental tank is filled with seawater and a gradient of an ultraviolet‐absorbing pigment. Using modified shadowgraph optics, ultraviolet light spreads from a pinhole to a collimating lens, passes through the tank to a telecentric lens, and is recorded by a camera fitted with an ultraviolet bandpass filter. The dye is transparent in visible light but appears dark in the imaging system. The 3D chemical disturbance is reconstructed from images using tomographic inversion. After outlining the method, we present examples of chemical deformation trails generated by sinking spheres and live, swimming copepods.
Parameter Estimation in a PO3G Model with Temperature Effects
Authors: Vo Anh‐Duong Dieu , Spence Rupert E. , McAuley Kimberley B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA comprehensive dataset containing 1779 measured values, collected from seven experimental runs, is used for parameter estimation in a model for batch polycondensation of biobased 1,3‐propanediol. The data are from dynamic experiments conducted between 160 and 180 °C using a super‐acid catalyst with concentrations between 0.1 and 0.25 wt%. The model accounts for generation, consumption, and evaporation of linear and cyclic oligomers, the inhibitory influence of water on the rate of polycondensation, and the dynamic behavior of an overhead condenser. In total, the model contains 70 kinetic, transport, and thermodynamic parameters. A mean‐squared‐error criterion reveals that the influence of temperature on mass‐transfer coefficients is significant. The model provides a good fit to the data and also gives reliable predictions of validation data that are not used in parameter estimation. Typical deviations between model predictions and data are within 1.75% of average measured values for linear and cyclic oligomers.
Cardiovascular bioimaging of nitric oxide: Achievements, challenges, and the future
Authors: Vidanapathirana Achini K. , Psaltis Peter J. , Bursill Christina A. , Abell Andrew D. , Nicholls Stephen J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, volatile, cellular signaling molecule that operates across a wide physiological concentration range (pM–µM) in different tissues. It is a highly diffusible messenger and intermediate in various metabolic pathways. NO plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimum cardiovascular function, particularly by regulating vascular tone and blood flow. This review highlights the need for accurate, real‐time bioimaging of NO in clinical diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring, and theranostic applications within the cardiovascular system. We summarize electrochemical, optical, and nanoscale sensors that allow measurement and imaging of NO, both directly and indirectly via surrogate measurements. The physical properties of NO render it difficult to accurately measure in tissues using direct methods. There are also significant limitations associated with the NO metabolites used as surrogates to indirectly estimate NO levels. All these factors added to significant variability in the measurement of NO using available methodology have led to a lack of sensors and imaging techniques of clinical applicability in relevant vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Challenges in applying current methods to biomedical and clinical translational research, including the wide physiological range of NO and limitations due to the characteristics and toxicity of the sensors are discussed, as are potential targets and modifications for future studies. The development of biocompatible nanoscale sensors for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity for bioimaging NO within the cardiovascular system.
Comparative effects of angiotensin II on the contractility of muscularis mucosae and detrusor in the pig urinary bladder
Authors: Lim Iris , Mitsui Retsu , Kameda Masashi , Sellers Donna Jayne , Chess‐Williams Russ , Hashitani Hikaru 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo explore contractile actions of angiotensin II (ATII) on the muscularis mucosae (MM) of the bladder, ATII‐induced contractions were compared between MM and the detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) of the pig bladder by isometric tension recordings. Effects of ATII on spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MM were visualized using Cal‐520 fluorescence. ATII receptor type 1 (ATR1) expression in MM and DSM was also examined by immunohistochemistry. ATII (1 nM–1 μM) caused phasic contractions of MM in a concentration‐dependent manner, while ATII (10 nM–10 μM) had no or marginal effects on DSM contractility. ATII (100 nM)‐induced MM contractions had an amplitude of approximately 70% of carbachol (1 μM)‐induced or 90% of U46619 (100 nM)‐induced contractions. Candesartan (10 nM), an ATR1 blocker, prevented the contractile effects of ATII (1 nM) in MM, while ATR1 immunofluorescence was greater in MM than DSM. ATII (10–100 pM) increased the frequency but not the amplitude of spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MM. Both urothelium‐intact and ‐denuded MM strips developed comparable spontaneous phasic contractions, but ATII, carbachol and U46619‐induced contractions were significantly larger in urothelium‐denuded than urothelium‐intact MM strips. In conclusion, the MM appears to have a much greater sensitivity to ATII compared with DSM that could well sense circulating ATII, suggesting that MM may be the predominant target of contractile actions induced by ATII in the bladder while the urothelium appears to inhibit MM contractility.
Specific prodromal symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mehdi , Elyaszadeh Shahla , Dadkhah Behrouz , Doustkami Hossein 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsAssessing the prodromal cardiac symptoms in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and compare them with healthy population.BackgroundIdentifying specific prodromal cardiac symptoms can play an important role in screening people at risk.DesignA comparative study of prodromal symptoms.MethodsIn this comparison study, an 80‐item checklist of prodromal symptoms was designed and completed by 337 participants in three groups (Patient group I, Patient group II and Healthy group). All participants were studied over a period of six months (from May to October 2017). SPSS‐15 software was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe symptoms of pain/discomfort in chest, pain/discomfort centred in the superior part of chest, pain/discomfort in the left breast and numbness or burning of both arms were the most important symptoms to predict ACS incidence in the two patient groups (odds ratio > 4 and p ≤ .05).
The TOTAL trial dilemma: A survey among professionals on equipoise regarding fetal therapy for severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Vergote Simen , Pizzolato Daniel , Russo Francesca , Dierickx Kris , Deprest Jan , Crombag Neeltje 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveRunning randomized clinical trials (RCT) in fetal therapy is challenging. This is no different for fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) for severe left‐sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH). We assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of maternal‐fetal medicine specialists toward the antenatal management of CDH, and the randomized controlled clinical (RCT) “Tracheal Occlusion To Accelerate Lung growth‐trial.”MethodsA cross‐sectional KAP‐survey was conducted among 311 registrants of the 18th World Congress in Fetal Medicine.ResultsThe overall knowledge of CDH and FETO was high. Remarkably only 45% considers prenatal prediction of neonatal outcome reliable. Despite, in their clinical practice they perform severity assessment (80%) and refer families for FETO either within the context of an RCT (43%) or on patient request (32%). Seventy percent perceives not offering FETO on patient demand seems as if no treatment is provided to a fetus with predicted poor outcome. Only 20% of respondents considers denying access to FETO on patient demand not as a psychological burden.ConclusionOften the views of individual respondents contradicted with their clinical practice. It seems that, for severe CDH, clinicians face personal and practical dilemmas that undermine equipoise. To us, this indicates the tension between the clinical and scientific obligations physicians experience.
Non‐target profiling of bitumen‐influenced waters for the identification of tracers unique to oil sands processed‐affected water (OSPW) in the Athabasca watershed of Alberta, Canada
Authors: Milestone Craig B. , Sun Chenxing , Martin Jonathan W. , Bickerton Greg , Roy James W. , Frank Richard A. , Hewitt L. Mark 
Published: October 2020

RationaleThe objective of this study was to identify unique chemical tracers of oil sands process‐affected water (OSPW) to enable definitive discrimination of tailings pond seepage from natural bitumen‐influenced waters from the Canadian Alberta McMurray formation.MethodsThe approach involved comparing unknowns from an unprecedented sample set of OSPW (n = 4) and OSPW‐affected groundwaters (n = 15) with natural bitumen‐influenced groundwaters (n = 20), using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐HRMS) operated in both polarities.ResultsFour unknown chemical entities were identified as potential tracers of OSPW seepage and subsequently subjected to structural elucidation. One potential tracer, tentatively identified as a thiophene‐containing carboxylic acid [C15H23O3S]−, was only detected in OSPW and OSPW‐affected samples, thereby showing the greatest diagnostic potential. The remaining three unknowns, postulated to be two thiochroman isomers [C17H25O3S]+ and an ethyl‐naphthalene isomer [C16H21]+, were detected in one and two background groundwaters, respectively.ConclusionsWe advanced the state of knowledge for tracers of tailings seepage beyond heteroatomic classes, to identifying diagnostic substances, with structures postulated. Synthesis of the four proposed structures is recommended to enable structural confirmations. This research will guide and inform the Oil Sands Monitoring Program in its efforts to assess potential influences of oil sands development on the Athabasca River watershed.
Pleural effusion revealing a ruptured mediastinal mesothelial cyst
Authors: Ben Saad Ahmed , Cheikh Mhamed Saousen , Migaou Asma , Achour Asma , Rouatbi Naceur , Joobeur Samah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesothelial cysts are uncommon benign cysts of the mediastinum. Rarely, they are discovered after complications or unusual presentations. This report describes a rare case of pleural effusion revealing a ruptured mediastinal mesothelial cyst in a 28‐year‐old man. The diagnosis of this complicated mesothelial cyst relied on intraoperative and anatomopathological findings. He underwent videothoracoscopy with resection of the cyst. Outcomes were favourable.
Organophosphorus flame retardants are developmental neurotoxicants in a rat primary brainsphere in vitro model
Authors: Hogberg Helena T. , de Cássia da Silveira E Sá Rita , Kleensang Andre , Bouhifd Mounir , Cemiloglu Ulker Ozge , Smirnova Lena , Behl Mamta , Maertens Alexandra , Zhao Liang , Hartung Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to regulatory bans and voluntary substitutions, halogenated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants (FR) are increasingly substituted by mainly organophosphorus FR (OPFR). Leveraging a 3D rat primary neural organotypic in vitro model (rat brainsphere), we compare developmental neurotoxic effects of BDE-47—the most abundant PBDE congener—with four OPFR (isopropylated phenyl phosphate—IPP, triphenyl phosphate—TPHP, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate—IDDP, and tricresyl phosphate (also known as trimethyl phenyl phosphate)—TMPP). Employing mass spectroscopy-based metabolomics and transcriptomics, we observe at similar human-relevant non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.1–5 µM) stronger developmental neurotoxic effects by OPFR. This includes toxicity to neurons in the low µM range; all FR decrease the neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA (except BDE-47 and TPHP). Furthermore,n-acetyl aspartate (NAA), considered a neurologic diagnostic molecule, was decreased by all OPFR. At similar concentrations, the FR currently in use decreased plasma membrane dopamine active transporter expression, while BDE-47 did not. Several findings suggest astrogliosis induced by the OPFR, but not BDE-47. At the 5 µM concentrations, the OPFR more than BDE-47 interfered with myelination. An increase of cytokine gene and receptor expressions suggests that exposure to OPFR may induce an inflammatory response. Pathway/category overrepresentation shows disruption in 1) transmission of action potentials, cell–cell signaling, synaptic transmission, receptor signaling, (2) immune response, inflammation, defense response, (3) cell cycle and (4) lipids metabolism and transportation. Taken together, this appears to be a case of regretful substitution with substances not less developmentally neurotoxic in a primary rat 3D model.