bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioclimatic conditions of the Lower Silesia region (South-West Poland) from 1966 to 2017
Authors: Głogowski Arkadiusz , Bryś Krystyna , Perona Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work analyses the temporal and spatial characteristics of bioclimatic conditions in the Lower Silesia region. The daily time values (12UTC) of meteorological variables in the period 1966–2017 from seven synoptic stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) (Jelenia Góra, Kłodzko, Legnica, Leszno, Wrocław, Opole, Śnieżka) were used as the basic data to assess the thermal stress index UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index). The UTCI can be interpreted by ten different thermal classes, representing the bulk of these bioclimatic conditions. Stochastic autoregressive moving-average modelling (ARMA) was used for the statistical analysis and modelling of the UTCI as well as separately for all meteorological components. This made it possible to test differences in predicting UTCI as a full index or reconstructing it from single meteorological variables. The results show an annual and seasonal variability of UTCI for the Lower Silesia region. Strong significant spatial correlations in UTCI were also found in all stations of the region. “No thermal stress” is the most commonly occurring thermal class in this region (about 38%). Thermal conditions related to cold stress classes occurred more frequently (all cold classes at about 47%) than those of heat stress classes (all heat classes at about 15%). Over the available 52-year period, the occurrence of “extreme heat stress” conditions was not detected. Autoregressive analysis, although successful in predicting UTCI, was nonetheless unsuccessful in reconstructing the wind speed, which showed a persistent temporal correlation possibly due to its vectorial origin. We conclude thereby that reconstructing UTCI using linear autoregressive methods is more suitable when working directly on the UTCI as a whole rather than reconstructing it from single variables.
Depression and related factors after oral oncological treatment: a 5-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Speksnijder Caroline M. , Lankhorst Petra J. M. , de Bree Remco , de Haan Anton F. J. , Koole Ron , Merkx Matthias A. W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purposes
Being diagnosed with oral cancer is a life-threatening life event. It often induces social, emotional and psychological consequences and may cause depressive disorders. The primary aim of this study was to identify and quantify the personal and clinical characteristics involved in depression for patients who have been treated for oral cavity malignancies, with a 5-year follow-up period after treatment. The secondary aim of this study was to identify the clinical factors that increase a patient’s risk of experiencing depression 5 years after treatment.

Methods
Patients with primary oral cancer were assessed for up to 5 years after primary treatment. A mixed-model analysis was performed, with depression measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale as outcome measure.

Results
A total of 141 patients were included in the study. Factors associated with depression were gender, tumour location and having an emotion-oriented coping style. The occurrence of depression within 5 years after treatment could be reliably predicted by a patient’s gender, the location of their tumour and the extent to which they had an emotion-oriented coping style.

Conclusions
This study revealed that being female, having a maxillary tumour and having an emotion-oriented coping style are associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in patients treated for oral cancer up to 5 years post-treatment. A substantial proportion of the patients with oral cancer experienced high levels of depression both before and after their treatment, suggesting that adequate diagnostics and care are needed to try to prevent severe depression in these patients.
Unraveling patients’ readiness in advance care planning conversations: a qualitative study as part of the ACTION Study
Authors: Zwakman M. , Milota M. M. , van der Heide A. , Jabbarian L. J. , Korfage I. J. , Rietjens J. A. C. , van Delden J. J. M. , Kars M. C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Patients’ readiness for advance care planning (ACP) is often considered a prerequisite for starting ACP conversations. Healthcare professionals’ uncertainty about patients’ readiness hampers the uptake of ACP in clinical practice. This study aims To determine how patients’ readiness is expressed and develops throughout an ACP conversation.

Methods
A qualitative sub-study into the ACTION ACP conversations collected as part of the international Phase III multicenter cluster-randomized clinical trial. A purposeful sample was taken of ACP conversations of patients with advanced lung or colorectal cancer who participated in the ACTION study between May 2015 and December 2018 (n = 15). A content analysis of the ACP conversations was conducted.

Results
All patients (n = 15) expressed both signs of not being ready and of being ready. Signs of being ready included anticipating possible future scenarios or demonstrating an understanding of one’s disease. Signs of not being ready included limiting one’s perspective to the here and now or indicating a preference not to talk about an ACP topic. Signs of not being ready occurred more often when future-oriented topics were discussed. Despite showing signs of not being ready, patients were able to continue the conversation when a new topic was introduced.

Conclusion
Healthcare professionals should be aware that patients do not have to be ready for all ACP topics to be able to participate in an ACP conversation. They should be sensitive to signs of not being ready and develop the ability to adapt the conversation accordingly.
Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic features of the Zaro volcanic complex: insights on the magmatic processes triggering a small-scale prehistoric eruption at Ischia island (south Italy)
Authors: Pelullo C. , Cirillo G. , Iovine R. S. , Arienzo I. , Aulinas M. , Pappalardo L. , Petrosino P. , Fernandez-Turiel J. L. , D’Antonio M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe prehistoric (< 7 ka) Zaro eruption at Ischia island (Southern Italy) produced a lava complex overlaying a pyroclastic deposit. Although being of low energy, the Zaro eruption might have caused casualties among the neolithic population that inhabited that area of Ischia, and damages to their settlements. A similar eruption at Ischia with its present-day population would turn into a disaster. Therefore, understanding the magmatic processes that triggered the Zaro eruption would be important for volcanic hazard assessment and risk mitigation, so as to improve a knowledge that can be applied to other active volcanic areas worldwide. The main Zaro lava body is trachyte and hosts abundant mafic and felsic enclaves. Here all juvenile facies have been fully characterized from petrographic, geochemical and isotopic viewpoints. The whole dataset (major and trace element contents; Sr–Nd isotopic composition) leads to rule out a genetic link by fractional crystallization among the variable facies. Thus, we suggest that the Zaro mafic enclaves could represent a deep-origin mafic magma that mingled/mixed with the main trachytic one residing in the Ischia shallow magmatic system. The intrusion of such a mafic magma into a shallow reservoir filled by partly crystallized, evolved magma could have destabilized the magmatic system presumably acting as a rapid eruption trigger. The resulting processes of convection, mixing and rejuvenation have possibly played an important role in pre- and syn-eruptive phases also in several eruptions of different sizes in the Neapolitan area and elsewhere in the world.
Singular cases of Alzheimer’s disease disclose new and old genetic “acquaintances”
Authors: Coppola Cinzia , Saracino Dario , Oliva Mariano , Cipriano Lorenzo , Puoti Gianfranco , Pappatà Sabina , Di Fede Giuseppe , Catania Marcella , Ricci Martina , Cimini Sara , Giaccone Giorgio , Bonavita Simona , Rossi Giacomina 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. Besides its typical presentation with amnestic syndrome at onset, atypical AD cases are being increasingly recognized, often in presenile age.

Objectives
To provide an extensive clinical and genetic characterization of six AD patients carrying one or more singular features, including age of onset, atypical phenotype and disease progression rate. By reviewing the pertinent literature and accessing publicly available databases, we aimed to assess the frequency and the significance of the identified genetic variants.

Methods
Biomarkers of amyloid-β deposition and neurodegeneration were used to establish the in vivo diagnosis of probable AD, in addition to neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, extensive laboratory assays and neuroradiological data. Considering the presenile onset of the majority of the cases, we hypothesized genetically determined AD and performed extensive genetic analyses by both Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS).

Results
We disclosed two known missense variants, one in PSEN1 and the other in PSEN2, and a novel silent variant in PSEN2. Most notably, we identified several additional variants in other dementia-related genes by NGS. Some of them have never been reported in any control or disease databases, representing variants unique to our cases.

Conclusions
This work underlines the difficulties in reaching a confident in vivo diagnosis in cases of atypical dementia. Moreover, a wider genetic analysis by NGS approach may prove to be useful in specific cases, especially when the study of the so-far known AD causative genes produces negative or conflicting results.
Managing collaborative research: insights from a multi-consortium programme on climate adaptation across Africa and South Asia
Authors: Currie-Alder Bruce , Cundill Georgina , Scodanibbio Lucia , Vincent Katharine , Prakash Anjal , Nathe Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCollaborative research requires synergy among diverse partners, overall direction, and flexibility at multiple levels. There is a need to learn from practical experience in fostering cooperation towards research outcomes, coordinating geographically dispersed teams, and bridging distinct incentives and ways of working. This article reflects on the experience of the Collaborative Adaptation Research Initiative in Africa and Asia (CARIAA), a multi-consortium programme which sought to build resilience to regional climate change. Participants valued the consortium as a network that provided connections with distinct sources of expertise, as a means to gain experience and skills beyond the remit of their home organisation. Consortia were seen as an avenue for reaching scale both in terms of working across regions, as well as in terms of moving research into practice. CARIAA began with programme-level guidance on climate hotspots and collaboration, alongside consortium-level visions on research agenda and design. Consortia created and implemented work plans defining each organisation’s role and responsibilities and coordinated activities across numerous partners, dispersed locations, and diverse cultural settings. Nested committees provided coherence and autonomy at the programme, consortium, and activity-level. Each level had some discretion in how to deploy funding, creating multiple collaborative spaces that served to further interconnect participants. The experience of CARIAA affirms documented strategies for collaborative research, including project vision, partner compatibility, skilled managers, and multi-level planning. Collaborative research also needs an ability to revise membership and structures as needed in response to changing involvement of partners over time.
A coarsening algorithm on adaptive red-green-blue refined meshes
Authors: Funken Stefan A. , Schmidt Anja 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdaptive meshing is a fundamental component of adaptive finite element methods. This includes refining and coarsening meshes locally. In this work, we are concerned with the red-green-blue refinement strategy in two dimensions and its counterpart-coarsening. In general, coarsening algorithms are mostly based on an explicitly given refinement history. In this work, we present a coarsening algorithm on adaptive red-green-blue meshes in two dimensions without explicitly knowing the refinement history. To this end, we examine the local structure of these meshes, find an easy-to-verify criterion to adaptively coarsen red-green-blue meshes, and prove that this criterion generates meshes with the desired properties. We present a MATLAB implementation built on the red-green-blue refinement routine of the -package (Funken and Schmidt 2018, 2019).
Wirklich irrelevant?
Authors: Fürst Silke , Vogler Daniel , Sörensen Isabel , Schäfer Mike S. , Eisenegger Mark 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungIn jüngster Zeit wird verstärkt über die gesellschaftliche Wahrnehmung und Relevanz der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (MuK) diskutiert. Viele ForscherInnen kritisieren, dass das Fach sich zu wenig in öffentliche Debatten einmische und in den Nachrichtenmedien kaum sichtbar sei. Den zahlreichen Diagnosen stehen allerdings kaum Studien gegenüber, die die externe Wahrnehmung des Faches empirisch erfassen. Insbesondere mangelt es an Trendanalysen. Daher stellt die vorliegende Studie Resultate einer automatisierten Inhaltsanalyse zur Mediensichtbarkeit und thematischen Einordnung des Faches in Schweizer Printmedien vor. Mit einer Vollerhebung der Berichterstattung sieben überregionaler Zeitungen wird die Visibilität der Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaft zwischen 1999 und 2018 analysiert und mit derjenigen der Nachbardisziplinen Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie verglichen. Zudem wird die Berichterstattung über das Fach mittels Topic Modeling mit Latent Dirichlet Allocation vertiefend untersucht. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass die öffentliche Sichtbarkeit der Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft deutlich hinter jener der Politikwissenschaft und Soziologie zurücksteht. Beide Vergleichsfächer konnten ihre Visibilität kontinuierlich steigern, während jene der MuK auf einem tieferen Niveau weitgehend stagniert. Thematisch wird über die Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft insbesondere im Kontext der Entwicklung der Presseauflage, von Studium und Lehre sowie von Medienpolitik, Medienregulierung und Service Public berichtet. Erstaunlicherweise berichteten Journalisten über das Fach eher selten im Kontext der Digitalisierung – und diese Kontextualisierung nimmt über die Zeit auch nicht zu. Die Studie legt nahe, dass Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der gesellschaftlichen Sichtbarkeit und Legitimation des Fachs sinnvoll wären.
Evaluating the Role of Parental Education and Adolescent Health Problems in Educational Attainment
Authors: Mikkonen Janne , Remes Hanna , Moustgaard Heta , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article reconsiders the role of social origin in health selection by examining whether parental education moderates the association between early health and educational attainment and whether health problems mediate the intergenerational transmission of education. We used longitudinal register data on Finns born in 1986–1991 (n = 352,899). We measured the completion of secondary and tertiary education until age 27 and used data on hospital care and medication reimbursements to assess chronic somatic conditions, frequent infections, and mental disorders at ages 10–16. We employed linear probability models to estimate the associations between different types of health problems and educational outcomes and to examine moderation by parental education, both overall in the population and comparing siblings with and without health problems. Finally, we performed a mediation analysis with g-computation to simulate whether a hypothetical eradication of health problems would weaken the association between parental and offspring education. All types of health problems reduced the likelihood of secondary education, but mental disorders were associated with the largest reductions. Among those with secondary education, there was further evidence of selection to tertiary education. High parental education buffered against the negative impact of mental disorders on completing secondary education but exacerbated it in the case of tertiary education. The simulated eradication of health problems slightly reduced disparities by parental education in secondary education (up to 10%) but increased disparities in tertiary education (up to 2%). Adolescent health problems and parental education are strong but chiefly independent predictors of educational attainment.
The Enduring Case for Fertility Desires
Authors: Yeatman Sara , Trinitapoli Jenny , Garver Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPersistently high levels of unintended fertility, combined with evidence that over- and underachieved fertility are typical and not exceptional, have prompted researchers to question the utility of fertility desires writ large. In this study, we elaborate this paradox: widespread unintendedness and meaningful, highly predictive fertility desires can and do coexist. Using data from Malawi, we demonstrate the predictive validity of numeric fertility timing desires over both four-month and one-year periods. We find that fertility timing desires are highly predictive of pregnancy and that they follow a gradient wherein the likelihood of pregnancy decreases in correspondence with desired time to next birth. This finding holds despite the simultaneous observation of high levels of unintended pregnancy in our sample. Discordance between desires and behaviors reflects constraints to achieving one’s fertility and the fluidity of desires but not their irrelevance. Fertility desires remain an essential—if sometimes blunt—tool in the demographers’ toolkit.
EU Membership: Formal and Substantive Dimensions
Authors: CRAIG Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMembership is central to the EU, as it is to any other international organisation. Withdrawal has assumed centre-stage through Brexit. While there is literature that is relevant to membership, most notably through academic discourse on differentiated integration, there is little more general inquiry concerning membership, the concept of which has importance and implications over and beyond more particular avenues of scholarship. This article examines the formal and substantive dimensions of membership and withdrawal in the EU.
Hemispherotomy for Epilepsy: The Procedure Evolution and Outcome
Authors: Alotaibi Faisal , Albaradie Raidah , Almubarak Salah , Baeesa Saleh , Steven David A. , Girvin John P. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT:Hemispherectomy is a unique epilepsy surgery procedure that has undergone significant modification and evolution since Dandy’s early description. This procedure is mainly indicated to treat early childhood and infancy medically intractable epilepsy. Various epileptic syndromes have been treated with this procedure, including hemimegalencephaly (HME), Rasmussen’s encephalitis, Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS), perinatal stroke, and hemispheric cortical dysplasia. In terms of seizure reduction, hemispherectomy remains one of the most successful epilepsy surgery procedures. The modification of this procedure over many years has resulted in lower mortality and morbidity rates. HME might increase morbidity and lower the success rate. Future studies should identify the predictors of outcomes based on the pathology and the type of hemispherectomy. Here, based on a literature review, we discuss the evolution of hemispherectomy techniques and their outcomes and complications.
ISLAM AND ANTI-COLONIAL REBELLIONS IN NORTH AND WEST AFRICA, 1914–1918
Authors: KRAUSE JONATHAN 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEuropean empires experienced widespread anti-colonial rebellions during the First World War. These rebellions occurred for many different reasons, reflecting the diversity of context and history across colonial societies in Africa and Asia. Religion naturally played a strong role in most of the anti-colonial rebellions during the First World War, most prominently Islam. This article looks at the role Islam played in two key anti-colonial rebellions in North and West Africa: the rebellions in Batna, Algeria, and the Kaocen War in Niger, respectively. The article examines how Islam was instrumentalized by rebels, imperial collaborators, and French officers and administrators to further their own ends. Rebels called upon Islam to help inspire anti-colonial movements, to bind together diverse populations, and to contextualize their actions in wider socio-political conflicts. Imperial collaborators likewise called on religious authority to assist with European imperial recruitment efforts. French officers and administrators used Islam both as a justification and a target for collective punishment and repression after the rebellions were put down from 1917. This repression is still under-studied in a period usually portrayed as evidencing broad imperial harmony, rather than violent extraction and oppression.
Arg-substituted VmCT1 analogs reveals promising candidate for the development of new antichagasic agent
Authors: Pedron Cibele Nicolaski , Freire Katielle Albuquerque , Torres Marcelo Der Torossian , Lima Dânya Bandeira , Monteiro Marília Lopes , Menezes Ramon Róseo Paula Pessoa Bezerra de , Martins Alice Maria Costa , Oliveira Vani Xavier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVmCT1 is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the venom of the scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus with antimicrobial, anticancer and antimalarial activities, which the rational design with Arg-substitution has yielded AMPs with higher antimicrobial activity than VmCT1. Chagas is a neglected tropical disease, becoming the development of new antichagasic agents is urgent. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the antichagasic effect of VmCT1 and three Arg-substituted analogues, as well their action mechanism. Peptides were tested against the epimastigote, trypomastigote, amastigote forms of Trypanossoma cruzi Y strain and against LLC-MK2 mammalian cells. The mechanism of action of these peptides was evaluated by means of flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy. VmCT1 presented activity against all three forms of T. cruzi, with EC50 against trypomastigote forms of 1.37 μmol L−1 and selectivity index (SI) of 58. [Arg]3-VmCT1, [Arg]7-VmCT1 and [Arg]11-VmCT1 also showed trypanocidal effect, but [Arg]11-VmCT1 had the best effect, being able to decrease the EC50 against trypomastigote forms to 0.8 μmol L−1 and increase SI to 175. Necrosis was cell death pathway of VmCT1, as well [Arg]7-VmCT1 and [Arg]11-VmCT1, such as observed by membrane damage in flow cytometry analyses and scanning-electron-microscopy. In conclusion, [Arg]11-VmCT1 revealed promising as a candidate for new antichagasic therapeutics.