bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban Vulnerability Assessment for Pandemic surveillance: The COVID-19 case in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Prieto Jeisson , Malagón Rafael , Gomez Jonatan , León Elizabeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA Pandemic devastates the life of global citizens and causes significant economic, social, and political disruption. Evidence suggests that Pandemic’s likelihood has increased over the past century because of increased global travel and integration, urbanization, and changes in land use. Further, evidence concerning the urban character of the Pandemic has underlined the role of cities in disease transmission. An early assessment of the severity of infection and transmissibility can help quantify the Pandemic potential and prioritize surveillance to control of urban areas in Pandemics. In this paper, an Urban Vulnerability Assessment (UVA) methodology is proposed. UVA investigates the possible vulnerable factors related to Pandemics to assess the vulnerability in urban areas. A vulnerability index is constructed by the aggregation of multiple vulnerability factors computed on each urban area (i.e., urban density, poverty index, informal labor, transmission routes). UVA provides insights into early vulnerability assessment using publicly available data. The applicability of UVA is shown by the identification of high-vulnerable areas where surveillance should be prioritized in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bogotá, Colombia.
How many COVID-19 PCR positive individuals do we expect to see on the Diamond Princess cruise ship?
Authors: Qin Jing , Chen Fang , Ma Huijuan , Liu Yukun , Follmann Dean , Zhou Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global epidemic crisis with tens of thousands confirmed cases surfacing everyday. The infection rates in households, offices and public places are quite different from those in encompassed spaces such as airplanes, trains and cruise ships.Studying the behavior of COVID-19 in confined spaces like Diamond Princess cruise is of great importance to understand the disease progression and to manage the epidemic. We propose a novel mixture model to estimate the infection distribution and total infected number after 14 days of quarantine based on PCR test data performed on the Diamond Princess cruise.ResultsIn contrast to the officially reported 634 individuals with PCR-positive results after the 14 day quarantine, which as of April 27, 2020 had increased to 712, we conclude that this number should be at least 1000. The discrepancy might be caused by the false-negative result of the PCR test or the occurrence of infection after the test.
Capability impacts of the Covid-19 lockdown in association with mental well-being, social connections and existing vulnerabilities: an Austrian survey study
Authors: Simon Judit , Helter Timea M. , White Ross G. , van der Boor Catharina , Łaszewska Agata 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundImpacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and its public health measures go beyond physical and mental health and incorporate wider well-being impacts in terms of what people are free to do or be. We explored these capability impacts of the Covid-19 lockdown in association with people’s mental well-being, social support and existing vulnerabilities in Austria.MethodsAdult Austrian residents (n=560) provided responses to a cross-sectional online survey about their experiences during Covid-19 lockdown (15 March-15 April 2020). Instruments measuring capabilities (OxCAP-MH), depression and anxiety (HADS), social support (MSPSS) and mental well-being (WHO-5) were used in association with six pre-defined vulnerabilities using multivariable linear regression.Results31% of the participants reported low mental well-being and only 30% of those with a history of mental health treatment received treatment during lockdown. Past mental health treatment had a significant negative effect across all outcome measures with an associated capability well-being score reduction of -6.54 (95%CI: -9.26,-3.82). Direct Covid-19 experience and being ‘at risk’ due to age and/or physical health conditions were also associated with significant capability deprivations. When adjusted for vulnerabilities, significant capability reductions were observed in association with increased levels of depression (−1.79) and anxiety (−1.50), and significantly higher capability levels (+3.77) were associated with higher levels of social support. Compared to the cohort average, individual capability impacts varied between -9% for those reporting past mental health treatment and +5% for those reporting one score higher on the social support scale.ConclusionsOur study is the first to assess the capability limiting aspects of a lockdown in association with specific vulnerabilities. The negative impacts of the Covid-19 lockdown were strongest for people with a history of mental health treatment. In future public health policies, special attention should be also paid to improving social support levels to increase public resilience.
Checking the calculation model for the coronavirus epidemic in Berlin. The first steps towards predicting the spread of the epidemic
Authors: Below D. , Mairanowski J. , Mairanowski F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA calculation model has been proposed to forecast the spread of the СOVID-19 epidemic under quarantine conditions. The resulting simple analytical relationships allow for the assessment of factors determining the intensity of the spread of infection, including the changing requirements for quarantine severity. The prediction method presented makes it possible to calculate both the total number of infected persons and the maximum rate of spread of infection.Following the publication of this work in May 2020, in October this year there was a new surge in the virus epidemic, the intensity of which depends on the population’s compliance with the rules of hygiene and social distance. Comparison of the results of the model calculations with the statistics for Berlin shows that they are of satisfactory quality. In particular, it shows that with an epidemic growth rate of around 1,000 people/day, unless additional quarantine measures are taken, the total number of infections can be expected to approach 100,000 within approximately six months. It is shown that the intensity of the virus’s spread depends on the socio-demographic composition of the population in different districts of Berlin and age structure. The possible impact of behavioural factors dependent on the psychological state of people on the spread of the epidemic, which can be assessed by analysing changes in heart rate, is discussed.
Modeling the Effect of Lockdown Timing as a COVID-19 Control Measure in Countries with Differing Social Contacts
Authors: Oraby Tamer , Tyshenko Michael G , Maldonado Jose Campo , Vatcheva Kristina , Elsaadany Susie , Alali Walid Q , Longenecker Joseph C , Al-Zoughool Mustafa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe application, timing, and duration of lockdown strategies during a pandemic remain poorly quantified with regards to expected public health outcomes. Previous projection models have reached conflicting conclusions about the effect of complete lockdowns on COVID-19 outcomes. We developed a stochastic continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) model with eight states including the environment (SEAMHQRD-V), and derived a formula for the basic reproduction number, R0, for that model. Applying the R0 formula as a function in previously-published social contact matrices from 152 countries, we produced the distribution and four categories of possible R0 for the 152 countries and chose one country from each quarter as a representative for four social contact categories (Canada, China, Mexico, and Niger). The model was then used to predict the effects of lockdown timing in those four categories through the representative countries. The analysis for the effect of a lockdown was performed without the influence of the other control measures, like social distancing and mask wearing, to quantify its absolute effect. Hypothetical lockdown timing was shown to be the critical parameter in ameliorating pandemic peak incidence. More importantly, we found that well-timed lockdowns can split the peak of hospitalizations into two smaller distant peaks while extending the overall pandemic duration. The timing of lockdowns reveals that a “tunneling” effect on incidence can be achieved to bypass the peak and prevent pandemic caseloads from exceeding hospital capacity.
Reconceptualising resilience within a translational framework is supported by unique and brain-region specific transcriptional signatures in mice
Authors: Ayash Sarah , Lingner Thomas , Ryu Soojin , Kalisch Raffael , Schmitt Ulrich , Müller Marianne B. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTChronic social defeat (CSD) in mice has been increasingly employed in experimental resilience research. Particularly, the degree of CSD-induced social avoidance is used to classify animals into resilient (socially non-avoidant) versus susceptible (avoidant). In-spired by human data pointing to threat-safety discrimination and responsiveness to extinction training of aversive memories as characteristics of resilient individuals, we here describe a translationally informed stratification which identifiedthreephenotypic subgroups of mice following CSD: theDiscriminating-avoiders, characterised by successful social threat-safety discrimination and successful extinction of social avoidance; theIndis-criminate-avoiders, showing aversive response generalisation, and theNon-avoiders(absence of social avoidance) displaying impaired conditioned learning. Furthermore, and supporting the biological validity of our approach, we uncovered subgroup-specific transcriptional signatures in classical fear conditioning and anxiety-related brain regions. Our reconceptualisation of resilience in mice refines the currently used dichotomous classification and contributes to advancing future translational approaches.
Auxin confers protection against ER stress inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Bhoi A. , Palladino F. , Fabrizio P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAuxins are plant growth regulators that influence most aspects of plant development through complex mechanisms. The development of an auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system has enabled rapid, conditional protein depletion in yeast and cultured cells. More recently, the system was successfully adapted toC. elegansto achieve auxin-dependent degradation of targets in all tissues and developmental stages. Whether auxin treatment alone has an impact on nematode physiology is an open question. Here we show that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the auxin most commonly used to trigger AID in worms, functions through the conserved IRE-1/XBP-1 branch of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to promote resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. Because of the central function played by the UPR in protein folding, lipid biosynthesis and lifespan regulation, these results suggest that extreme caution should be exercised when using the AID system to study these and related processes.
Bridging brain and cognition: A multilayer network analysis of brain structural covariance and general intelligence in a developmental sample of struggling learners
Authors: Simpson-Kent Ivan L. , Fried Eiko I. , Akarca Danyal , Mareva Silvana , Bullmore Edward T. ,   the CALM Team, Kievit Rogier A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTNetwork analytic methods that are ubiquitous in other areas, such as systems neuroscience, have recently been used to test network theories in psychology, including intelligence research. The network or mutualism theory of intelligence proposes that the statistical associations among cognitive abilities (e.g., specific abilities such as vocabulary or memory) stem from causal relations among them throughout development. In this study, we used network models (specifically LASSO) of cognitive abilities and brain structural covariance (grey and white matter) to simultaneously model brain-behavior relationships essential for general intelligence in a large (behavioral, N=805; cortical volume, N=246; fractional anisotropy, N=165), developmental (ages 5-18) cohort of struggling learners (CALM). We found that mostly positive, small partial correlations pervade our cognitive, neural, and multilayer networks. Moreover, using community detection (Walktrap algorithm) and calculating node centrality (absolute strength and bridge strength), we found convergent evidence that subsets of both cognitive and neural nodes play an intermediary role ‘between’ brain and behavior. We discuss implications and possible avenues for future studies.
NADPH oxidase generated reactive oxygen species and aquaporin conduits mediate activity-regulated dendritic plasticity
Authors: Dhawan Serene , Myers Philip , Landgraf Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeurons utilize plasticity of dendritic arbors as part of a larger suite of adaptive plasticity mechanisms. This explicitly manifests with motoneurons in the Drosophila embryo and larva, where dendritic arbors are exclusively postsynaptic and are used as homeostatic devices, compensating for changes in synaptic input through adapting their growth and connectivity. We recently identified reactive oxygen species (ROS) as novel plasticity signals instrumental in this form of dendritic adjustment. ROS correlate with levels of neuronal activity and negatively regulate dendritic arbor size. Here, we investigated NADPH oxidases as potential sources of such activity-regulated ROS and implicate Dual Oxidase (but not Nox), which generates hydrogen peroxide extracellularly. We further show that the aquaporins Bib and Drip, but not Prip, are required for activity-regulated ROS-mediated adjustments of dendritic arbor size in motoneurons. These results suggest a model whereby neuronal activity leads to activation of the NADPH oxidase Dual Oxidase, which generates hydrogen peroxide at the extracellular face; aquaporins might then act as conduits that are necessary for these extracellular ROS to be channeled back into the cell where they negatively regulate dendritic arbor size.
A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome
Authors: Clerissi Camille , Luo Xing , Lucasson Aude , Mortaza Shogofa , de Lorgeril Julien , Toulza Eve , Petton Bruno , Escoubas Jean-Michel , Dégremont Lionel , Gueguen Yannick , Destoumieux-Garzόn Delphine , Jacq Annick , Mitta Guillaume 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Pacific oysterCrassostrea gigasis one of the main cultivated invertebrate species worldwide. Since 2008, oyster juveniles have been confronted with a lethal syndrome known as the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS). POMS is a polymicrobial disease initiated by a primary infection with theherpesvirusOsHV-1 μVar that creates an oyster immunocompromised state and evolves towards a secondary fatal bacteremia. In the present article, we describe the implementation of an unprecedented combination of metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic approaches to show that the sequence of events in POMS pathogenesis is conserved across infectious environments. We also identified a core bacterial consortium which, together with OsHV-1 μVar, forms the POMS pathobiota. This bacterial consortium is characterized by high transcriptional activities and complementary metabolic functions to exploit host’s resources. A significant metabolic specificity was highlighted at the bacterial genus level, suggesting low competition for nutrients between members of the core bacteria. Lack of metabolic competition might favor complementary colonization of host tissues and contribute to the conservation of the POMS pathobiota across distinct infectious environments.
The movement of a leaf-derived mobileAGL24mRNA specifies floral organ identity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Nien-Chen , Tien Huan-Chi , Yu Tien-Shin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCell-to-cell and inter-organ communication play pivotal roles in synchronizing and coordinating plant development. In addition to serving as templates for protein translation within cells, many mRNAs can move and exert their function non-cell-autonomously. However, because the proteins encoded by some mobile mRNAs are also mobile, whether the systemic function of mobile mRNAs is attributed to proteins transported distally or translated locally remains controversial. Here, we show that ArabidopsisAGAMOUS-LIKE 24(AGL24) mRNA acts as a leaf-derived signal to specify meristem identity.AGL24is expressed in both apex and leaves. Upon floral meristem (FM) transition, apex-expressedAGL24is transcriptionally inhibited by APETALA1 (AP1) to ensure FM differentiation. The leaf-expressedAGL24can act as a mobile signal to bypass AP1 inhibition and revert FM differentiation. AlthoughAGL24mRNA is expressed in leaves, AGL24 protein is rapidly degraded in leaves. In contrast,AGL24mRNA can move long distance from leaf to apex where the translocatedAGL24mRNAs can be used as templates to translate into proteins. Thus, the movement ofAGL24mRNA can provide the developmental plasticity to fit with environmental dynamics.
The distinct roles of calcium in rapid control of neuronal glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle
Authors: Díaz-García Carlos Manlio , Meyer Dylan J. , Nathwani Nidhi , Rahman Mahia , Martínez-François Juan Ramón , Yellen Gary 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTWhen neurons engage in intense periods of activity, the consequent increase in energy demand can be counteracted by the coordinated activation of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. However, the trigger for glycolytic activation is unknown and the role for Ca2+in the mitochondrial responses has been debated. Using genetically-encoded fluorescent biosensors and NAD(P)H autofluorescence imaging in acute hippocampal slices, here we find that Ca2+uptake into the mitochondria is responsible for the buildup of mitochondrial NADH, probably through Ca2+activation of dehydrogenases in the TCA cycle. In the cytosol, we do not observe a role for the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway, or AMPK, in mediating the rise in glycolytic NADH in response to acute stimulation. Calcium, nevertheless, is a major contributor to glycolysis, although not strictly necessary. Aerobic glycolysis in neurons is triggered mainly by the energy demand resulting from either Na+or Ca2+extrusion.Impact StatementWhen neurons are stimulated, calcium influx instructs mitochondria to increase energy metabolism, but it is increased energy demand in cytosol rather than Ca2+signaling that leads to increased neuronal glycolysis.
Quality cost management in the SMEs of Poland
Authors: Biadacz Renata 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to examine the research problem that represents an attempt to approximate the importance of quality costing in managing a modern enterprise using the selected enterprises from small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Poland.Design/methodology/approachThe primary goal of the research is a need to acquire knowledge about the use of quality cost accounts in enterprises operating in Poland. The research has been conducted in the SMEs of production and services. From October 2018 to December 2018, survey-based research was carried out in the selected SMEs of production and service in Poland. The targeted participants of the study are from the medium-sized enterprises, employing 50–250 people.FindingsThe pilot studies conducted in companies indicate that modern enterprises are focused on quality. Many enterprises declare to be continuously improving quality system and quality costing. However, generally, these are large companies that have implemented ISO standards, often part of international corporations. The survey result of the study shows that medium-sized enterprises still make little use of modern cost accounting variants. Based on the study, only 9.75% (39 enterprises) from a representative group of 400 companies from the sectors of manufacturing, services and production as well as service companies apply quality costing. Some of the other enterprises are only taking measures to implement quality cost accounting.Research limitations/implicationsThe research has been conducted in randomly selected SMEs in the form of a questionnaire interview. In order to further analyze the construction of quality cost management (QCM) systems and the use of information from QCM by enterprises, case study method should be used more widely.Practical implicationsThe results of the study provide useful help for companies that are quality-oriented and want to implement quality costing. The survey has been conducted in 400 enterprises, and the survey results of considered SMEs reveal the most important aspects of the application of quality costing.Originality/valueThe questionnaire used, the answers provided and the resulting conclusions fill the identified research gap. In the author's opinion, findings of research are relevant and useful, not only for accounting practice but also for theory. They show that although TQM and quality costing have been very popular in the literature since the 1990s, the degree of application of quality costing in practice (except for large, often international companies) is too low. So, the suitability of QCM in managing a modern enterprise from the SMEs should be promoted.
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver and increased low‐level albuminuria in postmenopausal women in China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Su Wanlu , Wang Yuxia , Chen Kang , Wang Jie , Wang Anping , Tang Xulei , Yan Li , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Chen Lulu , Ning Guang , Mu Yiming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The excretion of low‐level albuminuria (LLA) elevates as the prevalence of CVD increases. However, few studies have explored the association between NAFLD and LLA.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 31 147 Chinese adults (7664 men and 23 483 women). The “normal” level of albuminuria as determined by the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was below 30 mg/g. LLA was defined as a higher level within the “normal” albuminuria range (5.54 mg/g < LLA≤29.9 mg/g). The participants with NAFLD were defined as having a fatty liver index (FLI) ≥ 60. The FLI was calculated using the Bedogni equation.ResultsA positive association was found between UACR and FLI through multivariate linear regression analyses (nonstandardized β ± SE: .047 ± 0.004, P <.001). The logistic regression analyses revealed that NAFLD had adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showing a significant relationship with LLA in models 1 to 4 (all subjects: OR, 1.207; 95% CI, 1.098‐1.326; women: OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.63; all P <.001); however, we did not find significant adjusted ORs among the men. In the stratified analyses, the relationship between NAFLD and LLA was significant among postmenopausal women with a body mass index ≥24 but <28 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 but <7.0 mmol/L, or postprandial plasma glucose ≥7.8 but <11.1 mmol/L and those aged below 60 years without moderate‐intensity exercise.ConclusionsA noteworthy association between NAFLD and LLA was found among postmenopausal women who had borderline blood glucose values, were overweight, and did not engage in moderate‐intensity physical activity.