bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left/right difference in the course and division of the pulmonary arterial branches in the lung upper lobe: A study using human embryos and early fetuses
Authors: Jin Zhe Wu , Hayashi Shogo , Murakami Gen , Wilting Jörg , Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Abe Shinichi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough left/right differences in a configuration of the pulmonary artery (PA) and its branches are well known, there is little information as to when and how such differences are established. Examination of serial sagittal sections of 25 embryos and fetuses at 6–7 weeks of gestation demonstrated that, at O’Rahilly stages 18–20, the right earliest first branch of PA originated in the anterior side of the upper lobar bronchus and overlay the upper bronchi, in contrast to the left branch which was located posteriorly and constricted medially by the upper posterior bronchus B1 + 2b. The right earliest branch was most likely to correspond to the future superior trunk, while the left branch might be a lingual artery. At stages 21–23, the upper posterior parenchyma was still underdeveloped in the left lung, since the ductus arteriosus and the left common cardinal vein seemed to make the left upper thoracic cavity narrow. Conversely, in the right lung, the thick S2 seemed to require a double arterial supply from both the superior and inferior arterial trunks. On the left, A3 originated at the lung apex and took a long descending course along the lung anterior surface. This high position of A3 might soon be corrected by an increased volume of S3. Overall, in contrast to the lower and middle lobes, early‐developed branches of the PA did not accompany upper segmental and subsegmental bronchi. A mechanism “differential growth” seemed to explain how to correct the fetal morphology to provide the adult morphology with variations.
Producing 3D printed high‐fidelity retroperitoneal models from in vivo patient data: The Oxford Method
Authors: Williams Matthew A. , Smillie Robert W. , Richard Michael , Cosker Thomas D. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMacroscopic anatomy has traditionally been taught using cadaveric material, lectures and a variable amount of additional resources such as online modules. Anatomical models have also been used to assist in teaching. Of these, traditional plastic models have been shown to be effective educational tools, yet have significant drawbacks such as a lack of anatomical detail and texturisation. Three‐dimensional (3D) printed models stand to solve these problems and widen access to high‐quality anatomical teaching. This paper outlines the use of 3D multi‐planar imaging (CT and MRI) as a framework to develop an accurate model of the retroperitoneum. CT and MRI scans were used to construct a virtual 3D model of the retroperitoneum. This was printed locally as a full‐size colour model for use in medical education. We give a complete account of the processes and software used. This study is amongst the first of a series in which we will document the newly formed Oxford Library of Anatomy. This series will provide the methodology for the production of models from CT and MRI scans, and the Oxford Library of Anatomy will provide a complete series of some of the most complex anatomical areas and ones which degrade quickly when a real cadaver is being used. In our own internal experience, the models are highly accurate, reproducible and durable, as compared to prosected specimens. We hope they will form an important adjunct in the teaching of the subject.
Co‐localization of alopecia areata and lichen planopilaris in a patient receiving immunosuppressants: A rare case
Authors: Mofarrah Ramin , Mofarrah Ramina , Jahani Amiri Kousar , Ghasemi Maryam 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAA is an acquired dermatosis distributed universally, with multifactorial etiology. It affects the hair follicle with or without nail involvement, resulting in an acute nonscarring alopecia with a relapsing course.1 Being a relatively common skin disease, LPP (lichen planopilaris) is initiated by a chronic lymphocytic inflammation that selectively destructs the hair follicles and eventually leads to scarring alopecia. Also, even though there is enough literature available for the co‐existence of AA and LPP with each other and their association with other autoimmune conditions, there are only very few reports on the anatomical concomitance of both disorders.3AimsAlthough the incidence of not only one but two autoimmune diseases in an immunosuppressed individual is very unusual, we hereby report a case of co‐localization of AA and LPP in a patient receiving immunosuppression due to a previous history of SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus).PatientsA 37‐year‐old woman, housewife, presented to our office with general alopecia on the scalp since about two years ago (Figure 1), particularly on the vertex which was accompanied by mild itching and trichodynia. She had a history of hypothyroidism and lupus erythematosus arthritis. She had been receiving long‐term treatment with prednisolone, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, and levothyroxine but had not been treated for hair loss. Despite being on all of the above‐mentioned immunosuppressants, the patient developed AA and LPP which are both immune‐mediated diseases.ResultsIn addition to continuing her oral immunosuppressants, the patient was treated with Minoxidil 5% and Clobetasol solution as well as a higher dose of Azathioprine than she was receiving beforehand. Approximately, 3 months into the treatment, the follicular hyperkeratosis and scalp erythema resolved. Also, hair growth could be seen on AA spots.ConclusionOur case report is indicating the possibly mutual immunopathogenesis of these two T cell–mediated disorders. Furthermore, we want to bring attention to the probability of new autoimmune diseases occurring even during treatment with immunosuppressive medications.
Psychological aspects of COVID‐19
Authors: Stamu‐O’Brien Caroline , Carniciu Simona , Halvorsen Elizabeth , Jafferany Mohammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic has affected the world from every aspect. Individuals are drained from social, financial, and emotional percussion of this pandemic. Psychosocial consequences are far greater than are being perceived. It is anticipated that once the pandemic is over the psycho‐emotional turbulence would shake the whole populations of affected countries.Aims and ObjectivesTo review the psychological consequences of COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA literature search was conducted on major databases from January 2020 to April 2020 with the search terms of Covid‐19, Corona virus, psychological, depression, anxiety, phobias, obsessive behaviors, paranoia, parental relationship, marital life and maternal and fetal bond.ConclusionPatients with COVID‐19 infection are more likely to suffer from a myriad of psychological consequences, and this infection may have profound effect on parenting, relationships, marital life, elderly, and maternal‐fetal bond.
Family Complexity and Children's Behavior Problems over Two U.S. Cohorts
Authors: Fomby Paula , Ophir Ariane , Carlson Marcia J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe consider the prevalence of family complexity and its association with children's externalizing behavior problems over children's life course and over historical time.BackgroundA growing literature has demonstrated the prevalence and multidimensional nature of family complexity and its association with child behavior. The nature/strength of this association may have changed in recent cohorts as family complexity has become more normative.MethodData are from the 1997 and 2014 cohorts of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement. Samples represent U.S. children aged 0–12 years born since 1985 (N = 5,030). Ordinary least squares regression estimated change in the association between family complexity and behavior between cohorts. Difference‐in‐difference models estimated baseline and longitudinal differences in children's behavior as linked to family complexity.ResultsThe prevalence of family complexity has stabilized over the last two decades, and the antecedents to parental repartnering and complex sibship organization remain similar. The expectation that increasing family complexity contributes to elevated behavior problem scores was not supported. Instead, children who eventually acquired a step‐ or half‐sibling or who experienced parents' union dissolution had elevated behavior problems prior to those changes.ConclusionThe prevalence of and precursors to complex family organization were stable across recent child cohorts. The observed association between family complexity and child behavior problems may be attributable to selection mechanisms linked to both parents' family formation trajectories and to children's behavior, rather than to family change itself.
Comparison of Maximum Mouth Opening Following Mandibular Bilateral Sagittal Splitting Ramus osteotomies in Class III Females Using Two Different Osteosynthesis Methods
Authors: Ooi Kazuhiro , Inoue Nobuo , Matsushita Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Hiro‐o , Mikoya Tadashi , Kawashiri Shuichi , Tei Kanchu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLimitation of mouth opening is a common complaint following orthognathic surgery.ObjectivesThis investigation reports on the progress of maximum incisal opening following orthognathic surgery and compares the impact of two different osteosynthesis methods on mouth opening in female patients with Class III dentofacial deformities.MethodsForty cases of skeletal class III malocclusion were divided into twenty cases treated using the conventional single miniplate osteosynthesis method (P1) and twenty cases using the additional L‐shaped miniplate osteosynthesis method (P2). No significant differences in pre‐operative clinical status were detected between the P1 and P2 group, and all patients were managed with elastics in the post‐operative period. Independent mouth opening exercises were initiated seven days after surgery, and inter‐incisal distance was measured as maximum mouth opening (MMO) at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1, 2, 3, 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed in order to analyse differences in MMO between the P1 and P2 groups (Prism 7 GraphPad software, San Diego, CA). Values of P < .05 were considered to be significant.ResultsMMO significantly increased from 2 weeks after surgery in both groups. The MMO of P2 was significantly larger than that of P1 in all experimental periods after surgery. MMO was statistically improved in P2 at 2 months after surgery, while MMO in P1 was significantly smaller than the pre‐operative MMO, even at 6 months post‐operative. A minimum MMO of 40 mm was achieved by all patients.ConclusionL‐shaped miniplate osteosynthesis was more useful for early limitation of mandibular opening improvement than conventional single miniplate osteosynthesis.
Benzothiazoles as potential antiviral agents
Authors: Asiri Yahya I , Alsayari Abdulrhman , Muhsinah Abdullatif B , Mabkhot Yahia N , Hassan Mohd Z 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The recent viral pandemic poses a unique challenge for healthcare providers. Despite the remarkable progress, the number of novel antiviral agents in the pipeline is woefully inadequate against the evolving virulence and drug resistance of current viruses. This highlights the urgent need for new and improved vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutic agents to obviate the viral pandemic.

Key findings
Benzothiazole plays a pivotal role in the design and development of antiviral drugs. This is evident from the fact that it comprises many clinically useful agents. The current review is aimed to provide an insight into the recent development of benzothiazole-based antiviral agents, with a special focus on their structure-activity relationships and lead optimisation. One hundred and five articles were initially identified, and from these studies, 64 potential novel lead molecules and main findings were highlighted in this review.

Summary
We hope this review will provide a logical perspective on the importance of improving the future designs of novel broad-spectrum benzothiazole-based antiviral agents to be used against emerging viral diseases.
Consumption of identically formulated foods extruded under low and high shear force reveals that microbiome redox ratios accompany canine immunoglobulin A production
Authors: Jackson Matthew I. , Waldy Christopher , Cochrane Chun‐Yen , Jewell Dennis E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDigestion‐resistant starch (RS) can provide health benefits to the host via gut microbiome‐mediated metabolism. This study tested the physiological effects on healthy dogs of identically formulated foods processed under high (n = 16) or low (n = 16) shear extrusion conditions resulting in respective lower and higher levels of RS. Faecal samples collected at weeks 3 and 6 were assayed for stool score, proximate analysis, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and microbiome; faecal metabolome was characterized at week 6. Proximate and digestibility analyses of the foods and stool scores and stool proximate analysis showed few differences between the two shear methods except for increased apparent fibre digestibility in the low shear food. In contrast, levels of butyrate (p = .030) and total SCFA (p = .043) were significantly greater in faeces at week 6 from dogs who consumed the low versus high shear food. Faecal IgA levels were significantly higher at week 3 (p = .001) but not week 6 (p = .110) in the low shear food. Significant differences in 166 metabolites between consumption of the two foods were identified via faecal metabolomic analysis, with changes in sugars, bile acids, advanced glycation end products and few amino acids. Strikingly, consumption of the low shear food resulted in elevated levels of the reduced members of redox couples derived from metabolized sugars and branched‐chain and phenyl amino acids. Alpha diversity of the microbiome showed significantly higher species richness in faeces from the low shear group at week 6, though other measures of diversity were similar for both foods. Twelve genus‐level operational taxonomic units (OTU; half Firmicutes) significantly differed between the food types. Six OTU significantly correlated with RS‐derived sugars and ratios of the redox couples. Taken together, these data show that RS impacts microbiome‐mediated metabolism in the gut, resulting in changes in the reducing state.
Attendance and Specific Learning Disability Identification: A Survey of Practicing School Psychologists
Authors: Sprick Jessica T. , Bouck Emily C. , Berg Tricia R. , Coughlin Cristy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccording to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, lack of appropriate instruction is a possible exclusionary factor that must be considered during Specific Learning Disability (SLD) identification. Student attendance is a major predictor of long‐term academic success or failure and may relate to whether a student had access to appropriate instruction; however, it is unclear whether and how attendance is considered during SLD identification. This survey of practicing school psychologists provides an exploration of how school psychologists consider and address student absenteeism in the SLD identification process. Researchers found considerable variability across school psychologists and eligibility teams across a multitude of dimensions, including whether and how attendance is considered exclusionary and whether respondents perceived the need for more clear guidance from their district and/or state.
How can we model ethnic democracy? An application to contemporary India
Authors: Adeney Katharine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe status of India as the world's largest democracy is often lauded, but the re‐election of the overtly Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party in 2019 has increased concerns about the threat to India's multinational democracy and the rule of law. India is not the only democracy facing challenges related to majoritarian nationalism; there has been a worldwide rise in the language of majority ‘rights’ in democratic systems. The importance of analysing the extent to which the rights of majorities are being increasingly institutionalized within democratic systems has therefore increased. It is vitally important to identify whether tendencies toward ethnic democracy are increasing (and the conditions under which they do so). There may well be red flags that emerge in democratic systems, heralding the potential direction of travel. This article proposes a methodology to identify degrees of ethnic democracy using a combination of formal and informal measures and illustrates it by assessing India through an examination of anti‐Muslim policies and rhetoric.
Hydrogen peroxide homeostasis provides beneficial micro‐environment for SHR‐mediated periclinal division in Arabidopsis root
Authors: Li Pengxue , Cai Qiang , Wang Hong , Li Shuang , Cheng Jie , Li Haiyang , Yu Qiaozhi , Wu Shuang 
Published: July 2020

Summary

The precise regulation of asymmetric cell division (ACD) is essential for plant organogenesis. In Arabidopsis roots, SHORT‐ROOT (SHR) functions to promote periclinal division in cortex/endodermis initials, which generate the ground tissue patterning. Although multiple downstream transcription factors and interplaying hormone pathways have been reported, the cellular mechanism that affects SHR‐mediated periclinal division remains largely unclear.

Here, we found that SHR can substantially elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Arabidopsis roots by activating respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs). Among the ROS products, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) rather than superoxide (O2−) was shown to play a critical role in SHR‐mediated periclinal division. Scavenging H2O2 could markedly impair the ability of SHR to induce periclinal division.

We also show that salicylic acid (SA) can promote H2O2 production by repressing CAT expression, which greatly increased periclinal division in root endodermis. As a result, middle cortex was more frequently formed in the endodermis of snc1, a mutant with accumulated endogenous SA and H2O2. In addition to RBOHs, SHR also activated the SA pathway, which might contribute to the elevated H2O2 level induced by SHR.

Thus, our data suggest a mechanism by which SHR creates the optimal micro‐environment for periclinal division by maintaining ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis roots.
Arabidopsis C‐terminal binding protein ANGUSTIFOLIA modulates transcriptional co‐regulation of MYB46 and WRKY33
Authors: Xie Meng , Zhang Jin , Yao Tao , Bryan Anthony C. , Pu Yunqiao , Labbé Jessy , Pelletier Dale A. , Engle Nancy , Morrell‐Falvey Jennifer L. , Schmutz Jeremy , Ragauskas Arthur J. , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Chen Feng , Tuskan Gerald A. , Muchero Wellington , Chen Jin‐Gui 
Published: July 2020

Summary

The apparent antagonism between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signalling resulting in trade‐offs between defence against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens has been widely described across multiple plant species. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully established.

The molecular and cellular functions of ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) were characterised, and its role in regulating the pathogenic response was studied in Arabidopsis.

We demonstrated that AN, a plant homologue of mammalian C‐TERMINAL BINDING PROTEIN (CtBP), antagonistically regulates plant resistance to the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Consistent with phenotypic observations, transcription of genes involved in SA and JA/ET pathways was antagonistically regulated by AN. By interacting with another nuclear protein TYROSYL‐DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE1 (TDP1), AN imposes transcriptional repression on MYB46, encoding a transcriptional activator of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA‐LYASE (PAL) genes which are required for SA biosynthesis, while releasing TDP1‐imposed transcriptional repression on WRKY33, a master regulator of the JA/ET signalling pathway.

These findings demonstrate that transcriptional co‐regulation of MYB46 and WRKY33 by AN mediates the coordination of SA and JA/ET pathways to optimise defences against (hemi)biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
The relevance of Xenophon’s Anabasis and Plato’s Meno to nursing
Authors: Gonzalez‐Sanz Juan D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe current situation in which the humanities are disparaged affects all university disciplines, including nursing, in whose historical evolution the humanities have always been present in one form or another. Looking beyond this disrepute, this study proposes that nursing renew its attention to classical philosophy. Specifically, it invites a close reading of Xenophon's Anabasis and Plato's Meno, to get three related goals: to show how the use of ancient texts are very valuable tools for the philosophical initiation of nursing students and can help them reflect on their choice of nursing as a practical activity; to reflect on the problem of virtue and the nature of the good life; and to show how the interaction with ancient texts allows students to reflect on questions and issues of life, theirs and others, that are not open to investigation through a purely scientific method. Consequently, both Anabasis and Meno readings strengthen the intellectual relationship between philosophy and nursing, enabling the latter to delve deeper into the key questions of its own thought as a discipline.
Male adiposity, sperm parameters and reproductive hormones: An updated systematic review and collaborative meta‐analysis
Authors: Salas‐Huetos Albert , Maghsoumi‐Norouzabad Leila , James Emma R. , Carrell Douglas T. , Aston Kenneth I. , Jenkins Timothy G. , Becerra‐Tomás Nerea , Javid Ahmad Zare , Abed Reza , Torres Pedro Javier , Luque Eugenia Mercedes , Ramírez Nicolás David , Martini Ana Carolina , Salas‐Salvadó Jordi 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe present updated systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to summarize the evidence from published studies with low risk for any important bias (based on methodological quality assessment) investigating the potential associations of adiposity with sperm quality and reproductive hormones. We conducted a systematic search of the literature published in MEDLINE‐PubMed and EMBASE through June 2019. Based on the criteria in our review, 169 eligible publications were used for data abstraction. Finally, 60 articles were included in the qualitative analysis and 28 in the quantitative analysis. Our systematic review results indicated that overweight and/or obesity were associated with low semen quality parameters (i.e., semen volume, sperm count and concentration, sperm vitality and normal morphology) and some specific reproductive hormones (e.g., inhibin B, total testosterone and sex hormone‐binding globulin). Overweight and/or obesity were also positively associated with high estradiol concentrations. Meta‐analysis indicated that overweight and/or obesity categories were associated with lower sperm quality (i.e., semen volume, sperm count and concentration, sperm vitality, total motility and normal morphology), and underweight category was likewise associated with low sperm normal morphology. In conclusion, our results suggest that maintaining a healthy body weight is important for increasing sperm quality parameters and potentially male fertility.