bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skp2 in the ubiquitin‐proteasome system: A comprehensive review
Authors: Asmamaw Moges Dessale , Liu Ying , Zheng Yi‐Chao , Shi Xiao‐Jing , Liu Hong‐Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) is a complex process that regulates protein stability and activity by the sequential actions of E1, E2 and E3 enzymes to influence diverse aspects of eukaryotic cells. However, due to the diversity of proteins in cells, substrate selection is a highly critical part of the process. As a key player in UPS, E3 ubiquitin ligases recruit substrates for ubiquitination specifically. Among them, RING E3 ubiquitin ligases which are the most abundant E3 ubiquitin ligases contribute to diverse cellular processes. The multisubunit cullin‐RING ligases (CRLs) are the largest family of RING E3 ubiquitin ligases with tremendous plasticity in substrate specificity and regulate a vast array of cellular functions. The F‐box protein Skp2 is a component of CRL1 (the prototype of CRLs) which is expressed in many tissues and participates in multiple cellular functions such as cell proliferation, metabolism, and tumorigenesis by contributing to the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of several specific tumor suppressors. Most importantly, Skp2 plays a pivotal role in a plethora of cancer‐associated signaling pathways. It enhances cell growth, accelerates cell cycle progression, promotes migration and invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis among others. Hence, targeting Skp2 may represent a novel and attractive strategy for the treatment of different human cancers overexpressing this oncogene. In this review article, we summarized the known roles of Skp2 both in health and disease states in relation to the UPS.
COVID‐19 in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Anand Pria , Slama Michaël C. C. , Kaku Michelle , Ong Charlene , Cervantes‐Arslanian Anna M. , Zhou Lan , David William S. , Guidon Amanda C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has rapidly become a global pandemic, but little is known about its potential impact on patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsWe studied the clinical course of COVID‐19 in five hospitalized patients with autoimmune MG (four with acetylcholine receptor antibodies, one with muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase antibodies) between April 1, 2020‐April 30‐2020.ResultsTwo patients required intubation for hypoxemic respiratory failure, whereas one required significant supplemental oxygen. One patient with previously stable MG had myasthenic exacerbation. One patient treated with tocilizumab for COVID‐19 was successfully extubated. Two patients were treated for MG with intravenous immunoglobulin without thromboembolic complications.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the clinical course and outcomes in patients with MG and COVID‐19 are highly variable. Further large studies are needed to define best practices and determinants of outcomes in this unique population.
How I approach hereditary hemolytic anemia and splenectomy
Authors: Rothman Jennifer A. , Stevens Jenny L. , Gray Fabienne L. , Kalfa Theodosia A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHereditary hemolytic anemias (HHA) are a heterogeneous group of anemias associated with decreased red cell survival. While there can be clinical benefit of splenectomy in many cases, splenectomy is not appropriate for all types of HHA. Additionally, there are significant risks during and following splenectomy including surgical risks, postsplenectomy sepsis, and thrombotic complications. This review discusses the diagnostic approach to HHA as well as the role of splenectomy in the management. Surgical approaches and outcomes for total and partial splenectomy are discussed.
Unoccupied aerial system enabled functional modeling of maize height reveals dynamic expression of loci
Authors: Anderson Steven L. , Murray Seth C. , Chen Yuanyuan , Malambo Lonesome , Chang Anjin , Popescu Sorin , Cope Dale , Jung Jinha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnoccupied aerial systems (UAS) were used to phenotype growth trajectories of inbred maize populations under field conditions. Three recombinant inbred line populations were surveyed on a weekly basis collecting RGB images across two irrigation regimens (irrigated and non‐irrigated/rain fed). Plant height, estimated by the 95th percentile (P95) height from UAS generated 3D point clouds, exceeded 70% correlation (r) to manual ground truth measurements and 51% of experimental variance was explained by genetics. The Weibull sigmoidal function accurately modeled plant growth (R2: >99%; RMSE: <4 cm) from P95 genetic means. The mean asymptote was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.66–0.77) with terminal plant height. Maximum absolute growth rates (mm/day) were weakly correlated with height and flowering time. The average inflection point ranged from 57 to 60 days after sowing (DAS) and was correlated with flowering time (r2 = 0.45–0.68). Functional growth parameters (asymptote, inflection point, growth rate) alone identified 34 genetic loci, each explaining 3–15% of total genetic variation. Plant height was estimated at one‐day intervals to 85 DAS, identifying 58 unique temporal quantitative trait loci (QTL) locations. Genomic hotspots on chromosomes 1 and 3 indicated chromosomal regions associated with functional growth trajectories influencing flowering time, growth rate, and terminal growth. Temporal QTL demonstrated unique dynamic expression patterns not previously observable, and no QTL were significantly expressed throughout the entire growing season. UAS technologies improved phenotypic selection accuracy and permitted monitoring traits on a temporal scale previously infeasible using manual measurements, furthering understanding of crop development and biological trajectories.
Inconsistencies between measures of cognitive dysfunction in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors: Description and understanding
Authors: Leclerc Andrée‐Anne , Lippé Sarah , Bertout Laurence , Chapados Pascale , Boulet‐Craig Aubrée , Drouin Simon , Krajinovic Maja , Laverdière Caroline , Michon Bruno , Robaey Philippe , Rondeau Émélie , Sinnett Daniel , Sultan Serge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe frequency of cognitive difficulties in childhood cancer survivors varies according to the measurement strategy. The goal of this research is to (a) describe agreements and differences between measures of working memory and attention (b) identify contributors of these differences, such as emotional distress, affects, and fatigue.MethodsWe used data available for 138 adults successfully treated for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (PETALE cohort). Working memory and attention were assessed using subtests from the WAIS‐IV and self‐reported questionnaires (BRIEF‐SR and CAARS‐S:L). Potential contributors included emotional distress, anxiety, depression (BSI‐18), affects (PANAS), and fatigue (PedsQL‐MFS). We explored measurement agreements and differences using diagnostic indices and multivariate regression models.ResultsThe frequencies of working memory and attention deficits were higher when using cognitive tests (15%‐21%) than with self‐reports (10%‐11%). Self‐reported questionnaires showed high specificity (median 0.87) and low sensitivity (median 0.10), suggesting they did not reliably identify positive cases on cognitive tests. We identified negative affectivity as a possible contributor to inconsistencies between self‐report and test results.ConclusionsWhen measuring working memory and attention in childhood ALL survivors, cognitive test results and self‐reports should not be considered equivalent. At best, self‐report may be used for screening (high specificity), but not to assess prevalence in large samples. Self‐reported difficulties are also probably influenced by the negative mood in this population.
Classification of hyperspectral endocrine tissue images using support vector machines
Authors: Maktabi Marianne , Köhler Hannes , Ivanova Magarita , Neumuth Thomas , Rayes Nada , Seidemann Lena , Sucher Robert , Jansen‐Winkeln Boris , Gockel Ines , Barberio Manuel , Chalopin Claire 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. The region of the neck has a very complex structural organization. It would be beneficial to introduce a tool that can assist the surgeon in tissue discrimination during the procedure. One such solution is the noninvasive and contactless technique, called hyperspectral imaging (HSI).MethodsTo interpret the HSI data, we implemented a supervised classification method to automatically discriminate the parathyroid, the thyroid, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve from surrounding tissue(muscle, skin) and materials (instruments, gauze). A leave‐one‐patient‐out cross‐validation was performed.ResultsThe best performance was obtained using support vector machine (SVM) with a classification and visualization in less than 1.4 seconds. A mean patient accuracy of 68% ± 23% was obtained for all tissues and material types.ConclusionsThe proposed method showed promising results and have to be confirmed on a larger cohort of patient data.
Intensive agricultural management‐induced subsurface accumulation of labile phosphorus in Midwestern agricultural soils dominated by tile lines
Authors: Xu Suwei , Gentry Lowell , Chen Kai‐Yue , Arai Yuji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn addition to surface runoff, subsurface P loss through tile lines in agricultural lands has received attention over the last decade. It is not clearly understood how this strong ligand, phosphate, is distributed in subsoils (≤180 cm), contributing to subsurface P loss. We hypothesized that subsurface accumulation of labile P as a result of long‐term intensive agricultural management contributes to subsurface P loss. The depth sequence distribution of P and its speciation and reactivity were investigated in tile‐line‐dominated Midwestern agricultural fields via chemical extraction and digestion, batch desorption experiments, and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy. The results suggest that labile P in subsoils exceeds the eutrophication‐inducing level (>0.01 mg L–1). Because of intensive agricultural management, total P was ∼400 mg kg–1 in surface soils and ∼200‐300 mg kg–1 in subsoils. The depth sequence distribution of P indicated the translocation of P to subsoils. Although phosphate and phytic acid adsorbed by Al or Fe (oxyhydro)oxides and calcite were found in surface soils, phosphate adsorbed to calcite, hydroxyapatite, or both were the dominant P species in subsoils. Phosphate was highest in surface soils and decreased sharply with increasing depth. Slightly alkaline soil in subsoils suppressed the release of P but the process was continuous after 30 d. Subsurface P loss was influenced by the dissolution and desorption process of inorganic P phases and preferentially transported P from surface soils. Subsurface P loss should be considered in strategies to reduce agricultural P loss in the Gulf of Mexico.
Serpentine parent materials lead to the formation of atypical hydric soils
Authors: Vaughan Karen L. , DeMoss Jason , Cullum‐Muyres Taylor , Diaz Ariel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHydrologically isolated wetlands offer critical ecosystem services including water filtration and storage, carbon sequestration, and wildlife habitat, among many others. Geomorphic features formed via landslides, termed slump blocks, along the central coast of California can create the ideal, lower angle conditions for wetland hydrology to persist, followed by hydrophytic vegetation and hydric soils. Areas susceptible to the formation of slump block wetlands are those along steep slopes underlain by metamorphosed ultramafic (serpentine) colluvial and residual parent materials due to their propensity to slip along fracture planes. The soils that form in these settings do not exhibit traditional redoximorphic features near the surface that are necessary to identify wetland soils via field observation of morphological features. The objective of this study is to examine the morphology of hydromorphic soils forming in serpentine colluvium and residuum and determine wetland status by employing a combination of biogeochemical, hydrological, and vegetative assessments. These serpentinite‐derived soils forming on slump block geomorphic surfaces meet the technical standard of hydric soils using Indicator of Reduction in Soil tubes as a proxy, despite the lack of traditional observable redoximorphic features. In addition, both wetland hydrology and hydrophytic vegetation communities were documented, therefore meeting the three requirements of wetlands. Ultimately, the importance lies in properly identifying and delineating ecosystems in need of conservation and as such, we propose an alternate field indicator for use in serpentine soils forming in landslide‐susceptible terrain.
One‐Step Preparation of Highly Durable Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanothorn Arrays
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Wang Ning , He Jianjiang , Yang Ze , Zhao Fuhua , Wang Kun , Huang Changshui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study proposes a one‐step method for growing superhydrophobic carbon nanothorn arrays (NTAs) directly on various substrates. The fabricated carbon material (named methyl‐substituted graphdiyne (MGDY)) comprises sp and sp2 carbons in a conjugated‐backbone form, as well as methyl groups introduced into the framework as hydrophobic‐enhanced functional groups. MGDY NTAs exhibit excellent hydrophobicity (contact angle ≥152°), substantial long‐period hydrophobic durability (the contact angle decreased by only 3.2% over 800 days), and acid/alkali tolerance. Owing to the enhanced durability and specific stability of carbon, a superhydrophobic interface can easily be constructed using MGDY NTAs, which can be applied to achieve successful long‐term metal‐corrosion protection and efficient oil–water separation.
Hydrogen Terminated Germanene for a Robust Self‐Powered Flexible Photoelectrochemical Photodetector
Authors: Liu Nana , Qiao Hui , Xu Kang , Xi Yilian , Ren Long , Cheng Ningyan , Cui Dandan , Qi Xiang , Xu Xun , Hao Weichang , Dou Shi Xue , Du Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs a rising star in the family of graphene analogues, germanene shows great potential for electronic and optical device applications due to its unique structure and electronic properties. It is revealed that the hydrogen terminated germanene not only maintains a high carrier mobility similar to that of germanene, but also exhibits strong light–matter interaction with a direct band gap, exhibiting great potential for photoelectronics. In this work, few‐layer germanane (GeH) nanosheets with controllable thickness are successfully synthesized by a solution‐based exfoliation–centrifugation route. Instead of complicated microfabrication techniques, a robust photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetector, which can be extended to flexible device, is developed by simply using the GeH nanosheet film as an active electrode. The device exhibits an outstanding photocurrent density of 2.9 µA cm−2 with zero bias potential, excellent responsivity at around 22 µA W−1 under illumination with intensity ranging from 60 to 140 mW cm−2, as well as short response time (with rise and decay times, tr = 0.24 s and td = 0.74 s). This efficient strategy for a constructing GeH‐based PEC‐type photodetector suggests a path to promising high‐performance, self‐powered, flexible photodetectors, and it also paves the way to a practical application of germanene.
Application of Derivatization in Fatty Acids and Fatty Acyls Detection: Mass Spectrometry‐Based Targeted Lipidomics
Authors: Xiang Li , Zhu Lin , Huang Yu , Cai Zongwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has become an indispensable technique in the analysis of fatty acids (FAs) and fatty acyls due to its superior sensitivity and selectivity. Chemical derivatization is often introduced in MS‐based analysis because of the inherent poor ionization efficiency and selectivity of FAs and fatty acyls. This critical review presents an overview of commonly used MS platforms including gas chromatography‐MS, liquid chromatography‐MS, and mass spectrometry imaging combined with representative derivatization reagents for FAs and fatty acyls based on different chain‐lengths, saturation degrees, and conjugation groups. The method applications and limitations as well as critical derivatization conditions in different biological matrices are summarized. Special remarks on the chemical derivatization for MS‐based analysis are provided. Future perspectives associated with the detection of FAs and fatty acyls are discussed. This review provides valuable information and suggestions for the targeted detection of interested FAs and fatty acyls using different MS‐based platforms.
Handlungsempfehlungen zur Gentherapie der spinalen Muskelatrophie mit Onasemnogene Abeparvovec – AVXS-101
Authors: Ziegler Andreas , Wilichowski Ekkehard , Schara Ulrike , Hahn Andreas , Müller-Felber Wolfgang , Johannsen Jessika , von der Hagen Maja , von Moers Arpad , Stoltenburg Corinna , Saffari Afshin , Walter Maggie C. , Husain Ralf A. , Pechmann Astrid , Köhler Cornelia , Horber Veronka , Schwartz Oliver , Kirschner Janbernd 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die spinale Muskelatrophie (SMA) ist eine schwere, lebenslimitierende neurodegenerative Erkrankung. Seit Juli 2017 steht in Deutschland eine krankheitsmodifizierende und zugelassene Therapie mit Nusinersen zur Verfügung. Eine weitere vielversprechende Behandlungsmöglichkeit durch eine einmalige Applikation bieten konzeptionell Gentherapien. Im Mai 2019 wurde erstmals eine kausale Genersatztherapie zur Behandlung der spinalen Muskelatrophie von der U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) zugelassen, die Zulassung in Europa ist beantragt.

Ziele
Dieses Konsensuspapier wurde auf Einladung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Muskelkranke e. V. (DGM) unter Beteiligung der deutschen neuromuskulären Behandlungszentren, der deutschen Sektion der Gesellschaft für Neuropädiatrie (GNP) und unter Mitwirkung des Medizinisch-Wissenschaftlichen Beirates der DGM erarbeitet. Ziel ist es, die notwendigen Voraussetzungen für eine qualitätsgesicherte Anwendung der neuen Gentherapie zu definieren und die Grundlage für die Umsetzung in der klinischen Praxis zu schaffen.

Diskussion
Die Gentherapie mit Onasemnogene Abeparvovec besitzt das Potenzial, den Krankheitsverlauf der spinalen Muskelatrophie signifikant zu beeinflussen. Langzeitdaten über die Nachhaltigkeit der Wirkung und mögliche unerwünschte Wirkungen liegen derzeit noch nicht vor. Die Anwendung dieser innovativen Therapieform muss in spezialisierten und entsprechend qualifizierten Behandlungszentren unter strengen Sicherheitsauflagen erfolgen. Die vorliegende Arbeit schlägt die hierfür notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen und Empfehlungen für die systematische Vor- und Nachsorge unter Gentherapie vor. Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Therapie sollten in einem industrieunabhängigen, krankheitsspezifischen Register systematisch erfasst werden.
Integrity of plasma DNA is inversely correlated with vaccine-induced antitumor immunity in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Waki Kayoko , Yokomizo Kanako , Kawano Kouichiro , Tsuda Naotake , Komatsu Nobukazu , Yamada Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCancer immunotherapy including vaccine therapy is a promising modality for cancer treatment, but few patients show its clinical benefits currently. The identification of biomarkers that can identify patients who will benefit from cancer immunotherapy is thus important. Here, we investigated the potential utility of the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) integrity—a ratio of necrotic cell-derived, longer DNA fragments versus apoptotic cell-derived shorter fragments of Alu gene—as a biomarker of vaccine therapy for patients with ovarian cancer. We analyzed plasma samples from 39 patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer enrolled in clinical trials for personalized peptide vaccinations. We observed that (1) the cfDNA integrity was decreased after the first cycle of vaccination, and (2) the decreased levels of cfDNA integrity were correlated with vaccine-induced immune responses; i.e., decreased cfDNA integrity was observed in 91.7% and 59.3% of the IgG-positive and negative patients, respectively (p = 0.0445). Similarly, decreased cfDNA integrity was observed in 92.9% and 56.0% of CTL response-positive and negative patients, respectively (p = 0.0283). These results suggest that the circulating cfDNA integrity is a possible biomarker for cancer vaccine therapy.
Risk Factors and Outcome of Portal Vein Thrombosis After Laparoscopic and Open Hepatectomy for Primary Liver Cancer: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: Mori Akira , Arimoto Akira , Hamaguchi Yuhei , Kajiwara Masatoshi , Nakajima Akio , Kanaya Seiichiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPost‐hepatectomy portal vein thrombosis (PH‐PVT) is a severe complication. The risk factors of PH‐PVT after laparoscopic and open hepatectomy have not been clarified yet. We aimed to retrospectively investigate the risk factors and outcome of PH‐PVT in patients with primary liver cancer.MethodsWe enrolled 622 consecutive patients who underwent hepatectomy in our hospital between January 2006 and August 2016.ResultsOf 21 patients (3.4%) with PH‐PVT, 7 had grade I; 13, grade II; and 1, grade III. The patients with PH‐PVT were significantly older than those without PH‐PVT. Of the 413 patients who underwent open hepatectomy, those who underwent a major right hepatectomy (4.1%) had a slightly higher incidence of PH‐PVT. Of the 209 patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy, those who underwent a left lateral sectionectomy (21.2%) and major right hepatectomy (16.7%) had high incidence rates of PH‐PVT. The treatment was only observation in five patients, medication with an antithrombotic drug in 15 patients, and reoperation in one patient. PH‐PVT diminished in 17 patients. Cavernous transformation and/or stenosis of the portal vein developed in three patients. The patient with grade III PH‐PVT after open right hemihepatectomy underwent reoperation but died of hepatic failure.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that patient age, left lateral sectionectomy were risk factors of PH‐PVT. Laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy and major right hepatectomy might bring about relatively higher risk of PH‐PVT. Major right hepatectomy tends to lead to severe PH‐PVT. Careful handling of the PV during hepatectomy and early treatment of PH‐PVT are necessary.