bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovation, patents and trade: A firm‐level analysis
Authors: Chalioti Evangelia , Drivas Kyriakos , Kalyvitis Sarantis , Katsimi Margarita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing microdata of firm exports and international patent activity, we find that Greek innovative exporters, identified by their patent filing activity, have substantially higher export revenues by selling higher quantities rather than charging higher prices. To account for this evidence, we set up a horizontally differentiated product model in which an innovative exporter competes for market share in a destination against many non‐innovative rivals. We argue that as the competition among the exporters of the non‐innovative product becomes more intense, the innovative firm exports more compared with its non‐innovative rivals in more distant markets, a prediction that is empirically confirmed in the dataset for Greek innovative exporters.RésuméInnovation, brevets et commerce : analyse au niveau de l’entreprise. À l’aide de microdonnées d’entreprises relatives aux exportations et aux activités de brevetage international, nous montrons que les exportateurs grecs innovants, identifiés par leurs dépôts de brevets, réalisent des gains à l’exportation nettement supérieurs en misant davantage sur les volumes de vente que sur l’augmentation des prix. Pour expliquer cette situation, nous avons élaboré un modèle de différenciation horizontale de produits dans lequel les exportateurs novateurs sont en compétition avec de nombreux concurrents non innovants afin de gagner des parts de marché. Nous montrons qu’à mesure que la compétition s’intensifie entre les exportateurs de produits non innovants, l’entreprise innovante exporte davantage que ses concurrents vers les marchés plus éloignés ; cette prédiction se vérifie de façon empirique grâce aux données relatives aux exportateurs grecs innovants.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the daily growth traits of the prerecruits of a small pelagic fish in response to environmental drivers
Authors: Hernández Alejandra , Plaza Guido , Gutiérrez Jairo , Cerna Francisco , Niklitschek Edwin J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA comparative analysis of daily growth patterns was carried out for prerecruits (PR) of Engraulis ringens, collected from spring to summer (2015–2016) in northern (18º25'S–24º40'S) and southern nursery areas (32º40'S–41º00'S) off the Chilean coast. Prerecruits ranged from 2.2 to 7.3 cm TL (4.27 ± 0.88) and from 27 to 102 days (54.68 ± 15.92) of age and were hatched mainly in spring 2015. Growth traits were addressed through otolith microstructure analysis to determine the increment width profiles (IW), back‐calculated growth rates (BIGR), and overall absolute growth rates (AGR), whereas the Chl–a and sea‐surface temperature (SST) variations were assessed by analyzing satellite and field‐based data. The IWs (5.42 ± 1.94 µm versus 1.02 ± 0.37 µm), BIGRs (1.02 ± 0.37 versus 0.72 ± 0.26 mm·day−1), and AGRs (0.93 ± 0.15 versus 0.62 ± 0.08 mm·day−1) were significantly higher in the northern than in the southern stocks. The SST ranged from 17°C to 23°C (19.42 ± 1.45) and from 12°C to 18°C (14.81 ± 1.31) and varied significantly between stocks and months, whereas the higher concentration of Chl–α (~8 mg/m3), occurred close to the shallow coastal areas irrespective of stocks. A parabolic relationship between the recent otolith growth rates (ROGR) (as a proxy of recent daily somatic growth rates) and SST recorded at the date of capture estimated a maximum ROGR of 13.4 µm·day−1 at 18°C. These results demonstrated that water temperature seemed to be an important daily growth controller for early juveniles of E. ringens in the Humboldt Current System and that the field‐based growth–temperature relationship obtained will contribute to future potential bioenergetics models for this important forage species.
Coastal Resiliency Groundwater Considerations
Authors: Rozell Daniel J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe potential for rising groundwater is an important consideration in any coastal resiliency assessment. Unlike other groundwater modeling that focuses mostly on contaminant tracking, coastal groundwater resiliency assessments are primarily concerned with the potential for groundwater emergence induced by sea level rise. This provides more options for modelers that range from simplified water table elevation models to fully integrated groundwater and storm water models. The selection is dependent on available data and project needs. However, despite the relative simplicity of some of the techniques, all the methods benefit from a professional with hydrogeological training.
Physician behaviours that optimize patient‐centred care: Focus groups with migrant women
Authors: Gagliardi Anna R. , Kim Claire , Jameel Bismah 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNo prior research studied how to implement patient‐centred care (PCC) for migrant women, who face inequities in health‐care quality. This study explored migrant women's views about what constitutes PCC and how to achieve it.DesignWe conducted a qualitative study involving three focus groups with migrant women living in Toronto, Canada, recruited from English language classes at a community settlement agency, used constant comparative technique to inductively analyse transcripts and interpreted themes against a published PCC framework.ParticipantsTwenty‐three migrant women aged 25‐78 from 10 countries participated.ResultsWomen articulated 28 physician behaviours important to them across six PCC domains: foster a healing relationship, exchange information, address concerns, manage uncertainty, share decisions and enable self‐care. They emphasized the PCC domain of exchanging information, which included 13 (46.4%) of 28 behaviours: listen to reason for visit, ask questions, provided detailed explanations, communicate clearly, ensure privacy and provide additional information. Women said that instead of practising these behaviours, physicians rushed through discussions, and ignored or dismissed their concerns and questions. As a result, women said that physicians may not fully understand their problem, and they may refrain from stating important details or avoid seeking care.ConclusionsThis research characterized the lack of PCC experienced by migrant women and revealed specific physician behaviours to optimize PCC for migrant women. Research is needed to develop and evaluate the impact of strategies targeted at migrant women, physicians and health‐care systems to support PCC for migrant women.
Behaviours of adolescents towards safety measures at school and in traffic and their health beliefs for injuries
Authors: Kılınç Eda , Gür Kamer 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this work is to determine the behaviours of adolescents towards safety measures at school and in traffic and their health beliefs for injuries.BackgroundAdolescents are more prone to injuries, as they are more willing to try risky health behaviours.MethodsThis descriptive and cross‐sectional study was conducted at high schools in Turkey. The data were collected from high school students based on the self‐report method between October 2017 and January 2018. Frequency, percentage, chi‐square, t test, and logistic regression were used to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 481 adolescents participated in the study. The response rate is 96.05%. As a result of the research, 12.5% of the adolescents reported that they were injured in traffic and 18.9% of them were injured at school. Adolescents who did not have an accident had higher scores of health beliefs than those who had an accident (p < 0.05). The most important predictors of injury are being male (OR: 2.52, 95% CI [1.19, 53.00]), parents' separation (OR: 2.82, 95% CI [0.98, 8.09]), and not believing that traffic rules were safe (OR: 3.15, 95% CI [1.42, 6.97]).ConclusionAdolescents have risky behaviours at school and in traffic, and these risk behaviours are related to demographic characteristics and health beliefs. School nurses should plan health belief model‐based injury prevention programs.
Three‐dimensional structure of seminiferous tubules in the Syrian hamster
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Yoshiike Miki , Nozawa Shiari , Sato Yoko , Iseki Shoichi , Iwamoto Teruaki , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe hamster is useful for the study of male reproductive biology. However, unlike in the mouse and rat, the gross structure of seminiferous tubules in the hamster is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the precise 3‐dimensional (3D) structure of seminiferous tubules in hamsters. We reconstructed all seminiferous tubules in 3 and 1 testes from 0‐day (P0) and 10‐week (adult) Syrian hamsters, respectively, using serial paraffin sections and high‐performance 3D reconstruction software. In P0 hamsters, the average numbers of seminiferous tubules, terminating points, branching points, and blind ends per testis were 9.0, 89.7, 93.0, and 0.7, respectively. There were two types of tubules: shorter and dominant ones. The dominant tubules, 2–4 in number per testis and accounting for 86% of the total tubule length, had many terminating and branching points and appeared to be derived from the anastomosis of many shorter tubules. In an adult hamster, there were 11 seminiferous tubules with a total length of 22 m, 98 terminating points, 88 branching points, and 2 blind ends per testis. Three of the 11 tubules were dominant ones, accounting for 83% of the total length, and occupied the testis from the surface over the circumference to the center, while the others were short and occupied only one side of the testis. The amplitude and direction of the curves of tubules were random, and there were no funnel‐shaped networks of tubules present, in contrast to the mouse testis. The present study revealed the 3D structure of seminiferous tubules in developing and adult Syrian hamsters, which is different from that in mice and rats.
The Stenting versus Aggressive Medical Therapy for Intracranial Arterial Stenosis Trial: Reanalysis Using the FDA “On Label” Criteria
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Ishfaq Muhammad F. , Balasetti Vamshi K. S. , Lobanova Iryna , Uzun Guven , Siddiq Farhan , Gomez Camilo R. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEDue to higher rates of 1‐month stroke and death with Wingspan intracranial stent placement observed in SAMMPRIS, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a more limited indication for Wingspan stent.METHODSWe compared the results of intracranial stent placement with best medical treatment in patients recruited in SAMMPRIS who met the new “on label” criteria with those who were categorized as “off label.” The primary endpoint was any stroke or death occurring within 30 days of enrollment, or an ischemic stroke in the territory of the symptomatic intracranial artery from day 31 after study entry to completion of follow‐up.RESULTSA total of 31 (7%) among 451 recruited patients met the “on label” criteria. The relative risk of primary endpoint was lower in “on label” patients treated with stent placement compared with best medical treatment (relative risk .61, 95% confidence interval .2‐1.7) but higher in “off label” patients (relative risk 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.2‐2.6). Primary endpoint was seen in 20% and 23.4% of patients treated with stent placement in “on label” and “off label” patients, respectively. Primary endpoint was seen in 25% and 14.2% of patients treated with best medical treatment in “on label” and “off label” patients, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe new FDA “on label” criteria may identify a small group of people, who may benefit from intracranial stent placement due to higher risk of primary endpoint in those treated with best medical treatment.
Tenofovir‐based combination therapy or monotherapy for multidrug‐resistant chronic hepatitis B: Long‐term data from a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Yim Hyung Joon , Suh Sang Jun , Jung Young Kul , Hwang Seong Gyu , Seo Yeon Seok , Um Soon Ho , Lee Sae Hwan , Kim Young Seok , Jang Jae Young , Kim In Hee , Kim Hyoung Su , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Young Sun , Yoon Eileen L. , Song Myeong Jun , Park Jun Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe treatment of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is challenging. Herein, we report a multicenter prospective cohort study for the evaluation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)‐based therapy for MDR CHB in a real‐life setting. The inclusion criteria comprised patients with resistance to more than two nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) classes and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level of ≥200 IU/mL. The primary end‐point was virologic response (VR), defined as undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) after 60 months. A total of 236 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean HBV DNA level was 4.16 ± 1.44 log IU/mL; 26.7% of patients had liver cirrhosis. Before the initiation of TDF, 33.5%, 44.9% and 21.6% of patients had mutations resistant to L‐NA + adefovir, L‐NA + entecavir (ETV) and L‐NA + adefovir + ETV, respectively. A total of 184 patients received TDF‐based combination therapy [TDF + ETV (n = 178) or TDF + L‐NA (n = 6)], and 52 patients received TDF monotherapy. In the entire cohort, the VR rates were 77.2%, 89.9% and 92.2% at 12, 36 and 60 months, respectively. The VR rates were not significantly different between the combination therapy and the monotherapy group after 12 (76.2% vs 80.4%, P = .533), 36 (89.8% vs 90.3%, P = 1.000) or 60 (92.9% vs 87.5%, P = .499) months. Also, there was no significant difference in the cumulative VR rates for 5 years between the treatment groups (P = .910). Newly developed antiviral resistance was not observed. TDF‐based therapy was effective for the treatment of MDR CHB. The efficacy of TDF monotherapy was not different from that of the TDF‐based combination therapy.
Agl22 and Agl23 are involved in the synthesis and utilization of the lipid‐linked intermediates in the glycosylation pathways of the halophilic archaeaon Haloarcula hispanica
Authors: Lu Hua , Pei Caixia , Zhou Hui , Lü Yang , He Yun , Li Yunsen , Han Jing , Xiang Hua , Eichler Jerry , Jin Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLike both eukaryotes and bacteria, archaea can decorate proteins with N‐ and O‐linked glycans. Whereas pathways and roles of N‐glycosylation have been studied in several model archaeal organisms, little is known of O‐glycosylation. To explore commonalities and variations of these two versions of glycosylation, we used Haloarcula hispanica as a model. Our previous work showed that H. hispanica S‐layer glycoproteins are modified by an N‐linked glucose‐α‐(1, 2)‐[sulfoquinovosamine‐β‐(1, 6)‐]galactose trisaccharide and an O‐linked glucose‐α‐(1, 4)‐galactose disaccharide. Here, we found that H. hispanica membrane contains C60 dolichol phosphate (DolP) as a lipid carrier for glycosylation. As revealed by bioinformatics, gene deletion and phenotype analysis, gene HAH_1571, renamed agl22, encodes a predicted glucosyltransferase that transfers glucose from glucose‐DolP onto galactose‐DolP to form the glucose‐α‐(1, 4)‐galactose‐DolP precursor of the N‐glycosylation. Gene HAH_2016, renamed agl23, encodes a putative flippase‐associated protein responsible for flipping of hexose‐DolPs across the membrane to face the exterior. Our results also suggested that the synthesis of the N‐ and O‐linked glycans onto target protein occurs on the outer surface of the cell using hexose‐DolPs as sugar donors. Deletion mutant showed that N‐ and O‐glycosylation are required for growth in the defined medium mimicking the natural habitat of H. hispanica.
Patient perception of vitality and measured physical activity in patients receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Leme Juliana , Guedes Murilo , Larkin John , Han Maggie , Barra Ana Beatriz Lesqueves , Canziani Maria Eugenia F. , Cuvello Neto Américo Lourenço , Poli‐de‐Figueiredo Carlos Eduardo , de Moraes Thyago Proenca , Pecoits‐Filho Roberto ,   for the HDFIT Study Investigators
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimFatigue in haemodialysis (HD) patients can be captured in quality of life questionnaires and by the dialysis recovery time (DRT) question. The associations between fatigue and measured physical activity has not been explored until the present. We tested our hypothesis that the patient perception of chronic and post dialysis fatigue would be associated with lower physical activity.MethodsThis study was a cross sectional evaluation of baseline data from HD patients recruited in the HDFIT trial. Vitality scores from the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL‐36) and the dialysis recovery time (DRT) question were used as indicators of chronic and post dialysis fatigue, respectively. Granular physical activity was measured by accelerometers as part of the study protocol.ResultsAmong 176 patients, Vitality score was 63 ± 21 and the DRT was ≤30 minutes in 57% of patients. The mean number of steps was 5288 ± 3540 in 24 hours after HD and 953 ± 617 in the 2‐hour post‐HD period. The multivariable analysis confirmed Vitality scores were associated with physical activity in the 24‐hour post‐HD period. In contrast, DRT was not associated with physical activity captured by the accelerometer in the period immediately (2 hours) after the HD session.ConclusionChronic fatigue was negatively associated with step counts, while patient perception of post‐dialysis fatigue was not associated with physical activity. These patterns indicate limitations in interpretation of DRT. Since physical activity is an important component of a healthy life, our results may partially explain the associations between fatigue and poor outcomes in HD patients.
The vulnerability of lingual plate of the mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars: a measurement on CBCT images
Authors: Nguyen D.P.‐A. , Le S.H. , Nguyen C.T.K. , Dien V.H.A. , Nguyen L.T.‐B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe innate fragility of lingual plate (LP) is assumed to be the main reason leading to injuries of lingual neurovascular bundles and surrounding fascial spaces during mandibular third molar (MTM) surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the LP and lingual cortical plate (LCP) thickness of mesioangular impacted MTM.MethodsA total of 130 cone beam computed topography images were collected and studied. The related landmarks of MTM roots and LP were identified for measurements. At three positions of each root, including middle third, apical third and apex, the integrity of LP together with thickness of LP and LCP were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that mean values of LP and LCP thickness of the most lingual root at apical third were 0.89 and 0.57 mm respectively. The average values of LP and LCP thickness surrounding mesial root were significantly smaller than those of distal root at all examined positions, except LP thickness at the apex. Moreover, the thickness of LP presumably increased together with the horizontal and vertical impacted levels according to Pell–Gregory classification. The percentage of losing LP integrity was determined as 89.5%, 93.4% and 77.4% at middle third, apical third and apex, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, LP surrounding the mesioangular impacted MTM is considerably thin, which can be the reason of lingual neurovascular bundles traumas and fascial spaces damages, especially at the apical third of the mesial root and in class A MTM.
How Do Education and Family Planning Accelerate Fertility Decline?
Authors: Liu Daphne H. , Raftery Adrian E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEducation and family planning can both be influenced by policy and are thought to accelerate fertility decline. However, questions remain about the nature of these effects. Does the effect of education operate through increasing educational attainment of women or educational enrollment of children? At which educational level is the effect strongest? Does the effect of family planning operate through increasing contraceptive prevalence or reducing unmet need? Is education or family planning more important?We assessed the quantitative impact of education and family planning in high‐fertility settings using a regression framework inspired by Granger causality. We found that women's attainment of lower secondary education is key to accelerating fertility decline and found an accelerating effect of contraceptive prevalence for modern methods. We found the impact of contraceptive prevalence to be substantially larger than that of education. These accelerating effects hold in sub‐Saharan Africa, but with smaller effect sizes there than elsewhere.
Frost and drought: Effects of extreme weather events on stem carbon dynamics in a Mediterranean beech forest
Authors: D'Andrea Ettore , Rezaie Negar , Prislan Peter , Gričar Jozica , Collalti Alessio , Muhr Jan , Matteucci Giorgio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of short‐term extreme events on tree functioning and physiology are still rather elusive. European beech is one of the most sensitive species to late frost and water shortage. We investigated the intra‐annual C dynamics in stems under such conditions. Wood formation and stem CO2 efflux were monitored in a Mediterranean beech forest for 3 years (2015–2017), including a late frost (2016) and a summer drought (2017). The late frost reduced radial growth and, consequently, the amount of carbon fixed in the stem biomass by 80%. Stem carbon dioxide efflux in 2016 was reduced by 25%, which can be attributed to the reduction of effluxes due to growth respiration. Counter to our expectations, we found no effects of the 2017 summer drought on radial growth and stem carbon efflux. The studied extreme weather events had various effects on tree growth. Even though late spring frost had a strong impact on beech radial growth in the current year, trees fully recovered in the following growing season, indicating high resilience of beech to this stressful event.
Volatility as a Transmitter of Systemic Risk: Is there a Structural Risk in Finance?
Authors: Mieg Harald A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the role of volatility in the context of systemic risk in finance. The main argument is that volatility transmits risks within the financial system and beyond, shaking the financial system and threatening in particular small or vulnerable clients (SMEs, households, and also low‐ and middle‐income countries). In addition, it is argued that volatility‐induced threats result from structural characteristics of the financial markets themselves (reactivity, reflexivity, and recursivity). The article introduces the concept of volatility, and different approaches to understanding risks related to the financial system (e.g., financial analysis, systems analysis). Two cases related to systemic risk are presented. The first concerns the role of volatility in three major financial crises (stock crash 1987, Asian crisis 1996–1997, global banking crisis 2007–2008), documenting that volatility spillovers have become a “new normal.” The second case concerns the moderate reflection of systemic risk within The Journal of Finance (the leading financial journal). The two cases show that volatility plays a role in systemic risks, but that this role has not yet been examined in detail by the scientific community.