bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk prediction model in rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Kim Ho Cheol , Lee Jeong Seok , Lee Eun Young , Ha You‐Jung , Chae Eun Jin , Han Minkyu , Cross Gary , Barnett Joseph , Joseph Jacob , Song Jin Woo 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveRA‐ILD has a variable clinical course, and its prognosis is difficult to predict. Moreover, risk prediction models for prognosis remain undefined.MethodsThe prediction model was developed using retrospective data from 153 patients with RA‐ILD and validated in an independent RA‐ILD cohort (n = 149). Candidate variables for the prediction models were screened using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. C‐statistics were calculated to assess and compare the predictive ability of each model.ResultsIn the derivation cohort, the median follow‐up period was 54 months, and 38.6% of the subjects exhibited a UIP pattern on HRCT imaging. In multivariate Cox analysis, old age (≥60 years, HR: 2.063), high fibrosis score (≥20% of the total lung extent, HR: 4.585), a UIP pattern (HR: 1.899) and emphysema (HR: 2.596) on HRCT were significantly poor prognostic factors and included in the final model. The prediction model demonstrated good performance in the prediction of 5‐year mortality (C‐index: 0.780, P < 0.001); furthermore, patients at risk were divided into three groups with 1‐year mortality rates of 0%, 5.1% and 24.1%, respectively. Predicted and observed mortalities at 1, 2 and 3 years were similar in the derivation cohort, and the prediction model was also effective in predicting prognosis of the validation cohort (C‐index: 0.638, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur results suggest that a risk prediction model based on HRCT variables could be useful for patients with RA‐ILD.
Reactive bite‐related tongue lesions in cognitively impaired epilepsy patients: A report of two cases
Authors: Fukumoto Yutaka , Miyama Takeshi , Tanei Zen‐ichi , Saito Yuko , Ota Yoshihide 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTongue bites frequently occur during seizures in epilepsy patients. We report two cases of cognitively impaired Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome patients with reactive lesions on the tongues.Case presentationsCase 1 was a 30‐year‐old man whose chief complaint was mouth pain. Local finding was a small bean‐sized pedunculated mass on the tongue, histopathologically diagnosed as inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Case 2 was a 45‐year‐old man whose chief complaint was bleeding from the mouth. His clinical finding was blood loss anemia. Local finding was a 20‐mm‐diameter pedunculated mass on the tongue, histopathologically diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma.ConclusionThese mass lesions were believed to be reactive, caused by repetitive minor damage involving reparative fibrous tissue response. Therefore, the two cases may have involved reparative responses to mucosal injury incurred by accidental bites during epileptic seizures. Intellectual disability made medical treatment difficult and had allowed the massive lesions to form. It is necessary for cognitively impaired epilepsy patients to undergo regular dental examinations in order to get used to dental checks and to increase the number of intraoral observations in the context of close cooperation between dentists and epilepsy therapists.
Smoking and risk of surgical bleeding: nationwide analysis of 5,452,411 surgical cases
Authors: Nordestgaard Ask T. , Rasmussen Lars S. , Sillesen Martin , Steinmetz Jacob , King David R. , Saillant Noelle , Kaafarani Haytham M. , Velmahos George C. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDAlthough smoking is associated with several postoperative complications, a possible association with surgical bleeding remains unclear. We examined if smoking is associated with a higher risk of surgical bleeding.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe included patients from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2007‐2016 from 680 hospitals across the United States. Patients with information on age, sex, surgical specialty, and smoking status were included. Surgical bleeding was defined as 1 or more red blood cell (RBC) units transfused intraoperatively to 72 hours postoperatively. The association between smoking and surgical bleeding was examined using logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, comorbidities, laboratory values, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, type of anesthesia, duration of surgery, work relative value unit (surrogate for operative complexity), surgical specialty, and procedure year.RESULTSA total of 5,452,411 cases were recorded, of whom 19% smoked and 6% received transfusion. Odds ratios for transfusion were 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05‐1.07) for smokers versus nonsmokers and 1.06 (95% CI, 1.04‐1.09) for current smokers versus never‐smokers. Odds ratios for cumulative smoking were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95‐1.00) for greater than 0 to 20 versus 0 pack‐years, 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01‐1.07) for greater than 20 to 40, and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.09‐1.15) for greater than 40 (p for trend < 0.001). Hazard ratios for reoperations due to any cause and to bleeding were 1.28 (95% CI, 1.27‐1.31) and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.93‐1.04).CONCLUSIONSmoking was associated with a higher risk of RBC transfusion as a proxy for surgical bleeding across all surgical specialties combined.
A prospective randomized trial of desmopressin in canine mammary carcinoma
Authors: Sorenmo Karin , Durham Amy C. , Evans Brolin , Scavello Heather , Stefanovski Darko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetastatic disease represents a serious and often fatal development in patients with solid tumours, including women with breast cancer and dogs with mammary tumours. Therefore, preventing and treating metastatic disease has remained a priority in cancer research. Desmopressin, a synthetic derivative of vasopressin, traditionally used to treat patients with bleeding disorders, has been proposed as a potential anti‐metastatic agent due to its effect on haemostasis as well as multiple other anti‐proliferative and anti‐angiogenic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to retest desmopressin in dogs with mammary carcinomas. A prospective randomized study was performed. Twenty‐four dogs with mammary carcinomas were enrolled; 12 dogs received perioperative desmopressin and 12 received placebo. All dogs underwent standard pre‐surgical staging followed by complete resection of all tumours. Intact dogs were spayed. All tumours were graded and classified according to the published guidelines. Follow‐up was performed every 4 months the first year and every 6 months thereafter. Necropsies were requested on all dogs. There was no difference in time to primary metastasis or survival between desmopressin treated dogs and the placebo arm (P= .43 and .73, respectively). The distribution of negative prognostic factors, including tumour grade, stage, and high vs low bioscore (refined flexible bioscoring) category between arms was not statistically different, even though more dogs in the placebo arm had grade 3 tumours and high bioscores. Based on the results of this study, perioperative desmopressin does not prevent metastasis in dogs with mammary carcinomas.
Comparison of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration in chimpanzee dried blood spots and serum
Authors: Moittié Sophie , Graham Peter A. , Barlow Nicola , Dobbs Phillipa , Liptovszky Matyas , Redrobe Sharon , White Kate 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDried blood spots (DBS) are used in human medicine to measure total 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) in the blood. However, this easy and affordable sampling technique has not been evaluated in primates to measure vitamin D concentrations.ObjectivesWe aimed to compare 25‐OHD measurements in chimpanzee serum at two different laboratories and determine the precision and accuracy of the DBS method by comparing DBS and serum results.MethodsBlood samples from 17 captive chimpanzees were collected, and 25‐OHD3 and 25‐OHD2 were measured in serum at two accredited laboratories using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The same analytes were measured on DBS cards, and results were compared with that of serum. Data were assessed using the Spearman correlation, Deming regression, and Bland‐Altman analyses.ResultsThe correlation coefficient between the two measurements in serum was rs = .51 (P = .04), and the mean bias was −1.25 ± 14.83. When comparing 25‐OHD concentrations measured in DBS and serum at the same laboratory, the rs was 0.7 (P = .002), and the mean bias was 1.42 ± 14.58. Estimated intra‐assay and inter‐assay coefficients of variation for DBS results were 6% and 12.6%, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough substantial analytical variability was found in 25‐OHD measurements regardless of the sample type, the identification of both constant and proportional error and wider limits of agreement with the DBS technique makes the interpretation of DBS results challenging, especially for values close to clinical cut‐off points. The DBS and serum methods were not interchangeable, and further studies are needed to validate DBS samples for vitamin D measurements in chimpanzees.
Novel contrast agent Visphere™ is feasible for contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography in dogs
Authors: Lin Lee‐Shuan , Chung Cheng‐Shu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractContrast‐enhanced ultrasonography provides a more functional diagnostic image than conventional ultrasonography. This prospective exploratory study compared the novel contrast agent, Visphere™, with commercial contrast agents in five healthy Beagle dogs. Visphere™ has the smallest diameter and highest concentration compared with Sonazoid® and SonoVue®. Each dog received an intravenous injection of Visphere™, Sonazoid®, or SonoVue®. Images were recorded for 300, 600, and 60 s in the heart, liver, and left kidney, respectively. The mean pixel values of the regions of interest for each organ were expressed as time intensity curves (TIC). The agents all improved the visualization of left ventricular endocardial border delineation in the heart, and had similar TICs and clinical useful durations. In contrast, Visphere™ expressed the highest mean pixel value in the liver parenchyma at an early observation time and maintained the intensity until 600 s, like Sonazoid®. The renal evaluation results indicated there were no statistically significant differences in time‐to‐peak for the renal cortex or medulla among the agents. Compared with the other two agents, SonoVue® had the lowest peak enhancement for the renal cortex and medulla. No dogs had any adverse reactions during or after the study. All three agents provided adequate results for left ventricular endocardial border delineation, and Visphere™ may have the same potential as Sonazoid® to detect and characterize hepatic lesions. Visphere™ and Sonazoid® may offer better visualization quality to evaluate renal function. In conclusion, the novel contrast agent, Visphere™, is comparable with commercial agents and could be applied in different major organs in dogs.
World Englishes in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Authors: Elyas Tariq , Mahboob Ahmar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis special issue highlights the importance of world Englishes research in the Arabic‐speaking and non‐Arabic Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Scrutiny of the world Englishes (WE) research literature suggests that the MENA region is largely understudied and undertheorized, and that there is a lacuna in research with reference to this topic. The use of English in this geopolitical region is diverse, and the spread of English has emerged not merely as a response to political and economic advancements, but also as the need for scientific progress and development, and the need in higher education in the region. As the role of English has been increasingly important in recent decades, official language policies have been based on both economic and political considerations, while various ideologies have also impacted the spread of English in the domain of education.
Data as evidence
Authors: Cahusac Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn an earlier article, Gordon Drummond summarized ongoing changes in how statistics are being used in experimental physiology. He described the near‐ubiquitous use of the P value, cautioning against declaring an analysis ‘statistically significant’. He mentioned alternative approaches, including Bayesian and likelihood approaches. This article focuses on the latter approach, although I initially take another look at the P value. Then the likelihood approach is introduced with a very artificial example to enable the concept to be grasped easily. Next, a more realistic example is described, with associated calculations. A further example using real categorical data is explained, showing how it relates to and is superior to the oft‐used χ2 test. A final discussion reveals that the likelihood approach, although mathematically and statistically accurate, is poorly supported by literature and training.
Simulating Thermoelectric Effect and Its Impact on Asymmetric Weld Nugget Growth in Aluminum Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Deng Lin , Li YongBing , Cai Wayne , Haselhuhn Amberlee S. , Carlson Blair E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Resistance spot welding (RSW) of aluminum–aluminum (Al–Al) is known to be very challenging, with the asymmetric growth of the weld nugget often observed. In this article, a semicoupled electrical–thermal–mechanical finite element analysis (FEA) procedure was established to simulate the RSW of two layers of AA6022-T4 sheets using a specially designed Multi-Ring Domed (MRD) electrodes. Critical to the modeling procedure was the thermoelectric (including the Peltier, Thomson, and Seebeck effects) analyses to simulate the asymmetric nugget growth in the welding stage. Key input parameters such as the Seebeck coefficients and high-temperature flow stress curves were measured. Simulation results, experimentally validated, indicated that the newly developed procedure could successfully predict the asymmetric weld nugget growth. Simulation results also showed the Seebeck effect in the holding stage. The simulations represent the first quantitative investigation of the impact of the thermoelectric effects on resistance spot welding.
Surface Modification of Bacterial Cellulose Sheets With Various Fire Retardants
Authors: Sözen Eser , Gündüz Gökhan , Aydemir Deniz , Can Ahmet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of various fire retardants including Firetex®, phosphoric acid, and nanoboron nitride on the thermal and morphological properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) sheets. Hestrin and Schramm medium was inoculated with Gluconacetobacter hansenii and the medium with the bacteria was incubated for 14 days. The obtained BC sheets were freeze-dried and then the dried sheets were immersed with Firetex®, phosohoric acid, and nanoboron nitride for a day. The sheets were once again freeze-dried and weight percent gain (WPG) of the sheets was calculated by using wet and dried weights. The morphological characterization, thermal properties, and structural changes of the obtained sheets were also investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The weight percent gain was found to increase 31% for the samples with boron nitride and 1040% for the samples with phosphoric acid after the impregnation. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the impregnation improved the thermal stability of the BC films. The sheets with nanoboron nitride exhibited the best thermal stability, whereas the sheets with Firetex were determined to have the worst thermal stability. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed some changes in the structural properties of the all BC sheets with fire retardants. As a result, it can be said that nanoboron nitride at low temperatures (25–250 °C) and Firetex and phosphoric acid at higher temperatures (600–900 °C) showed better thermal stability.
Emergency paediatric critical care in England: describing trends using routine hospital data
Authors: Lewis Kate Marie , Parekh Sanjay M , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Gilbert Ruth , Hardelid Pia , Wijlaars Linda 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo determine trends in emergency admission rates requiring different levels of critical care in hospitals with and without a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU).DesignBirth cohort study created from Hospital Episode Statistics.SettingNational Health Service funded hospitals in England.Patients8 577 680 singleton children born between 1 May 2003 and 31 April 2017.Outcome measuresUsing procedure and diagnostic codes, we assigned indicators of high dependency care (eg, non-invasive ventilation) or intensive care (eg, invasive ventilation) to emergency admissions.InterventionsChildren were followed up until their fifth birthday to estimate high dependency and intensive care admission rates in hospitals with and without a PICU. We tested the yearly trend of high dependency and intensive care admissions to hospitals without a PICU using logistic regression models.ResultsEmergency admissions requiring high dependency care in hospitals without a PICU increased from 3.30 (95% CI 3.09 to 3.51) per 10 000 child-years in 2008/2009 to 7.58 (95% CI 7.28 to 7.89) in 2016/2017 and overtook hospitals with a PICU in 2015/2016. The odds of an admission requiring high dependency care to a hospital without a PICU compared with a hospital with a PICU increased by 9% per study year (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.10). The same trend was not present for admissions requiring intensive care (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03).ConclusionsBetween 2008/2009 and 2016/2017, an increasing proportion of admissions with indicators of high dependency care took place in hospitals without a PICU.
Improving the demand for birth registration: a discrete choice experiment in Ethiopia
Authors: Yihdego Mahari , Amogne Ayanaw , Desta Selamawit , Choi Yoonjoung , Shiferaw Solomon , Seme Assefa , Liu Li , Helleringer Stéphane 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionBirth registration remains limited in most low and middle-income countries. We investigated which characteristics of birth registration facilities might determine caregivers’ decisions to register children in Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a discrete choice experiment in randomly selected households in Addis Ababa and the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region. We interviewed caregivers of children 0–5 years old. We asked participants to make eight choices between pairs of hypothetical registration facilities. These facilities were characterised by six attributes selected through a literature review and consultations with local stakeholders. Levels of these attributes were assigned at random using a fractional design. We analysed the choice data using mixed logit models that account for heterogeneity in preferences across respondents. We calculated respondents’ willingness to pay to access registration facilities with specific attributes. We analysed all data separately by place of residence (urban vs rural).ResultsSeven hundred and five respondents made 5614 choices. They exhibited preferences for registration facilities that charged lower fees for birth certificates, that required shorter waiting time to complete procedures and that were located closer to their residence. Respondents preferred registration facilities that were open on weekends, and where they could complete procedures in a single visit. In urban areas, respondents also favoured registration facilities that remained open for extended hours on weekdays, and where the presence of only one of the parents was required for registration. There was significant heterogeneity between respondents in the utility derived from several attributes of registration facilities. Willingness to pay for access to registration facilities with particular attributes was larger in urban than rural areas.ConclusionIn these regions of Ethiopia, changes to the operating schedule of registration facilities and to application procedures might help improve registration rates. Discrete choice experiments can help orient initiatives aimed at improving birth registration.
Association between organ damage and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Murimi-Worstell Irene B , Lin Dora H , Nab Henk , Kan Hong J , Onasanya Oluwadamilola , Tierce Jonothan C , Wang Xia , Desta Barnabas , Alexander G Caleb , Hammond Edward R 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveAt least half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop organ damage as a consequence of autoimmune disease or long-term therapeutic steroid use. This study synthesised evidence on the association between organ damage and mortality in patients with SLE.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature for observational (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional) studies published between January 2000 and February 2017. Included studies reported HRs or ORs on the association between organ damage (measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) score) and mortality. Study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa assessment. Pooled HRs were obtained using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q (Q) and I2statistics.ResultsThe search yielded 10 420 articles, from which 21 longitudinal studies were selected. Most studies (85%) were of high quality. For 10 studies evaluating organ damage (SDI) as a continuous variable and reporting HR as a measure of association, a 1-unit increase in SDI was associated with increased mortality; pooled HR was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.24 to 1.44, p<0.001; Q p=0.027, I2=52.1%). Exclusion of one potential outlying study reduced heterogeneity with minimal impact on pooled HR (1.33 (95% CI: 1.25 to 1.42), p<0.001, Q p=0.087, I2=42.0%). The 11 remaining studies, although they could not be aggregated because of their varying patient populations and analyses, consistently demonstrated that greater SDI was associated with increased mortality.ConclusionsOrgan damage in SLE is consistently associated with increased mortality across studies from various countries. Modifying the disease course with effective therapies and steroid-sparing regimens may reduce organ damage, improve outcomes and decrease mortality for patients with SLE.