bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning‐guided joint attenuation and scatter correction in multitracer neuroimaging studies
Authors: Arabi Hossein , Bortolin Karin , Ginovart Nathalie , Garibotto Valentina , Zaidi Habib 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPET attenuation correction (AC) on systems lacking CT/transmission scanning, such as dedicated brain PET scanners and hybrid PET/MRI, is challenging. Direct AC in image‐space, wherein PET images corrected for attenuation and scatter are synthesized from nonattenuation corrected PET (PET‐nonAC) images in an end‐to‐end fashion using deep learning approaches (DLAC) is evaluated for various radiotracers used in molecular neuroimaging studies. One hundred eighty brain PET scans acquired using 18F‐FDG, 18F‐DOPA, 18F‐Flortaucipir (targeting tau pathology), and 18F‐Flutemetamol (targeting amyloid pathology) radiotracers (40 + 5, training/validation + external test, subjects for each radiotracer) were included. The PET data were reconstructed using CT‐based AC (CTAC) to generate reference PET‐CTAC and without AC to produce PET‐nonAC images. A deep convolutional neural network was trained to generate PET attenuation corrected images (PET‐DLAC) from PET‐nonAC. The quantitative accuracy of this approach was investigated separately for each radiotracer considering the values obtained from PET‐CTAC images as reference. A segmented AC map (PET‐SegAC) containing soft‐tissue and background air was also included in the evaluation. Quantitative analysis of PET images demonstrated superior performance of the DLAC approach compared to SegAC technique for all tracers. Despite the relatively low quantitative bias observed when using the DLAC approach, this approach appears vulnerable to outliers, resulting in noticeable local pseudo uptake and false cold regions. Direct AC in image‐space using deep learning demonstrated quantitatively acceptable performance with less than 9% absolute SUV bias for the four different investigated neuroimaging radiotracers. However, this approach is vulnerable to outliers which result in large local quantitative bias.
Objective olfactory evaluation of self‐reported loss of smell in a case series of 86 COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lechien Jerome R. , Cabaraux Pierre , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos M. , Khalife Mohamad , Hans Stéphane , Calvo‐Henriquez Christian , Martiny Delphine , Journe Fabrice , Sowerby Leigh , Saussez Sven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) through patient‐reported outcome questionnaires and objective psychophysical testing.MethodsCOVID‐19 patients with self‐reported sudden‐onset OD were recruited. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. Nasal complaints were evaluated with the sinonasal outcome‐22. Subjective olfactory and gustatory status was evaluated with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Objective OD was evaluated using psychophysical tests.ResultsEighty‐six patients completed the study. The most common symptoms were fatigue (72.9%), headache (60.0%), nasal obstruction (58.6%), and postnasal drip (48.6%). Total loss of smell was self‐reported by 61.4% of patients. Objective olfactory testings identified 41 anosmic (47.7%), 12 hyposmic (14.0%), and 33 normosmic (38.3%) patients. There was no correlation between the objective test results and subjective reports of nasal obstruction or postnasal drip.ConclusionA significant proportion of COVID‐19 patients reporting OD do not have OD on objective testing.
Iron Chaperone Poly rC Binding Protein 1 Protects Mouse Liver From Lipid Peroxidation and Steatosis
Authors: Protchenko Olga , Baratz Ethan , Jadhav Shyamalagauri , Li Fengmin , Shakoury‐Elizeh Minoo , Gavrilova Oksana , Ghosh Manik C. , Cox James E. , Maschek J. Alan , Tyurin Vladimir A. , Tyurina Yulia Y. , Bayir Hülya , Aron Allegra T. , Chang Christopher J. , Kagan Valerian E. , Philpott Caroline C. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Aims
Iron is essential yet also highly chemically reactive and potentially toxic. The mechanisms that allow cells to use iron safely are not clear; defects in iron management are a causative factor in the cell‐death pathway known as ferroptosis. Poly rC binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a multifunctional protein that serves as a cytosolic iron chaperone, binding and transferring iron to recipient proteins in mammalian cells. Although PCBP1 distributes iron in cells, its role in managing iron in mammalian tissues remains open for study. The liver is highly specialized for iron uptake, utilization, storage, and secretion.

Approach and Results
Mice lacking PCBP1 in hepatocytes exhibited defects in liver iron homeostasis with low levels of liver iron, reduced activity of iron enzymes, and misregulation of the cell‐autonomous iron regulatory system. These mice spontaneously developed liver disease with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and degeneration. Transcriptome analysis indicated activation of lipid biosynthetic and oxidative‐stress response pathways, including the antiferroptotic mediator, glutathione peroxidase type 4. Although PCBP1‐deleted livers were iron deficient, dietary iron supplementation did not prevent steatosis; instead, dietary iron restriction and antioxidant therapy with vitamin E prevented liver disease. PCBP1‐deleted hepatocytes exhibited increased labile iron and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were hypersensitive to iron and pro‐oxidants, and accumulated oxidatively damaged lipids because of the reactivity of unchaperoned iron.

Conclusions
Unchaperoned iron in PCBP1‐deleted mouse hepatocytes leads to production of ROS, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and steatosis in the absence of iron overload. The iron chaperone activity of PCBP1 is therefore critical for limiting the toxicity of cytosolic iron and may be a key factor in preventing the LPO that triggers the ferroptotic cell‐death pathway.
Suspended sediment monitoring in alluvial gullies: A laboratory and field evaluation of available measurement techniques
Authors: Doriean Nicholas J. C. , Brooks Andrew P. , Teasdale Peter R. , Welsh David T. , Bennett William W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGully erosion is a significant source of fine suspended sediment (<63 μm) and associated nutrient pollution to freshwater and marine waterways. Researchers, government agencies, and monitoring groups are currently using monitoring methods designed for streams and rivers (e.g., autosamplers, rising stage samplers, and turbidity loggers) to evaluate suspended sediment in gullies. This is potentially problematic because gullies have several hydrological features and monitoring operational challenges that differ to those of continually flowing streams and rivers (e.g., short and intense flows, high suspended sediment concentrations, and rapid scouring and aggradation). Here we present a laboratory and field‐based assessment of the performance of common suspended sediment monitoring techniques applied to gullies. We also evaluate a recently‐described method; the pumped active suspended sediment (PASS) sampler, which has been modified for monitoring suspended sediment in gully systems. Discrete autosampling provided data at high temporal resolution, however, it had poor collection efficiency (25 ± 10%) of coarser sediment particles (i.e., sand). Rising stage sampling, while robust and cost‐effective, suffered from large amounts of condensation under field conditions (25–35% of sampler volume), due to harsh climatic conditions creating large diurnal temperature differences at the field site, thereby diluting sample concentrations and introducing additional measurement uncertainty. The turbidity logger exhibited a highly variable response when calibrated at each site with physically collected suspended sediment samples (R2 = 0.17–0.83), highlighting that this approach should be used with caution. The modified PASS sampler proved to be a reliable and representative measurement method for gully sediment water quality, however, the time‐integrated nature of the method limits its temporal resolution compared to the other monitoring methods. We recommend monitoring suspended sediment in alluvial gully systems using a combination of complementary techniques (e.g., PASS and RS samplers) to account for the limitations associated with individual methods.
A pilot clinical phase II trial MemSID: Acute and durable changes of red blood cells of sickle cell disease patients on memantine treatment
Authors: Mahkro Asya , Hegemann Inga , Seiler Elena , Simionato Greta , Claveria Viviana , Bogdanov Nikolay , Sasselli Clelia , Torgerson Paul , Kaestner Lars , Manz Markus G. , Goede Jeroen S. , Gassmann Max , Bogdanova Anna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn increase in abundance and activity of N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptors (NMDAR) was previously reported for red blood cells (RBCs) of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Increased Ca2+ uptake through the receptor supported dehydration and RBC damage. In a pilot phase IIa‐b clinical trial MemSID, memantine, a blocker of NMDAR, was used for treatment of four patients for 12 months. Two more patients that have enrolled into the study did not finish it. One of them had psychotic event following the involuntary overdose of the drug, whereas the other had vertigo and could not comply to the trial visits schedule. Acute and durable responses of RBCs of SCD patients to daily oral administration of memantine were monitored. Markers of RBC turnover, changes in cell density, and alterations in ion handling and RBC morphology were assessed. Acute transient shifts in intracellular Ca2+, volume and density, and reduction in plasma lactate dehydrogenate activity were observed already within the first month of treatment. Durable effects of memantine included (a) decrease in reticulocyte counts, (b) reduction in reticulocyte hemoglobinization, (c) advanced membrane maturation and its stabilization as follows from reduction in the number of NMDAR per cell and reduction in hemolysis, and (iv) rehydration and decrease in K+ leakage from patients’ RBC. Memantine therapy resulted in reduction in number of cells with sickle morphology that was sustained at least over 2 months after therapy was stopped indicating an improvement in RBC longevity.
Women from afar: an observational study of demographic characteristics and mortality among foreign‐born women living with HIV in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the United States 1994‐2016
Authors: Adedimeji Adebola , Shi Qiuhu , Haddad Lisa , Holman Susan , Edmonds Andrew , Weber Kathleen , Kassaye Seble , Karim Roksana , Bolivar Hector , Reid Michael , Kempf Mirjam‐Colette , Golub Elizabeth , Hoover Donald R. , Anastos Kathryn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionForeign‐born persons comprise ~13% of the US population. Immigrants, especially women, often face a complex set of social and structural factors that negatively impact health outcomes including greater risk of HIV infection. We described socio‐demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics and AIDs and non‐AIDS death among foreign‐born women living with HIV (FBWLWH) participating in the US Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) in the US from 1994 to 2016. We hypothesized that FBW will experience higher AIDS‐related mortality compared to US‐born women (USBW).MethodsThe WIHS is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study of mostly women living with HIV (WLWH). The primary exposure in this analysis, which focused on 3626 WLWH, was self‐reported country of birth collapsed into foreign‐born and US born. We assessed the association of birthplace with categorized demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics, and AIDS/non‐AIDS mortality of WLWH, using chi‐squared tests. Proportional hazard models examined the association of birthplace with time from enrolment to AIDS and non‐AIDS death.ResultsOf the 628 FBW, 13% were born in Africa, 29% in the Caribbean and 49% in Latin America. We observed significant differences by HIV status in socio‐demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics and mortality. For both AIDS and non‐AIDS caused deaths FBW WLWH had lower rates of death. Adjusting for year of study enrolment and other demographic/clinical characteristics mitigated FBW’s statistical survival advantage in AIDS deaths Relative Hazard (RH = 0.91p = 0.53), but did not substantively change the survival advantage in non‐AIDS deaths RH = 0.33,p < 0.0001).ConclusionForeign‐born WLWH exhibited demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics that are significantly different compared with women born in the US or US territory. After adjusting for these characteristics, the FB WLWH had a significantly lower hazard of non‐AIDS but not AIDS mortality compared to women born in the US or a US territory. These findings of non‐increased mortality can help inform models of care to optimize treatment outcomes among FBWLWH in the United States.
MicroRNA‐155 deficiency attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental autoimmune prostatitis in a TLR4‐dependent manner
Authors: Fu Xian , He Hua‐Dong , Li Chang‐Jiu , Li Ning , Jiang Shu‐Yuan , Ge Hong‐Wei , Wang Rui , Wang Xu‐Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo explore the mechanism of microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) deficiency, protecting against experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) in a toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐dependent manner. After wild‐type (WT) and miR‐155−/− mice were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant and prostate antigen to establish EAP model, half were randomly selected for injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 ligand). The following experiments were then performed: von Frey filaments, hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining, real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). And the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and the level of Malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by corresponding kits.miR‐155−/− mice with prostatitis exhibited the attenuated pelvic tactile allodynia/hyperalgesia and the suppressed TLR4/nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway as compared with the WT mice with prostatitis. In addition, LPS enhanced the upregulation of miR‐155 and the activation of the TLR4/NF‐κB pathway in the prostatic tissues of WT mice with EAP. Furthermore, prostatitis mice had aggravated inflammation scores accompanying the increased interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α, IL‐6, interferon‐γ, IL‐12, and MDA in prostatic tissues with the decreased IL‐10, SOD and GSH‐Px, and the unaltered IL‐4. Compared with the mice from the WT + EAP group and the miR‐155−/− + EAP + LPS group, mice from the miR‐155−/− + EAP group had decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. miR‐155 deficiency ameliorated pelvic tactile allodynia/hyperalgesia in EAP mice and improved inflammation and oxidative stress in prostatic tissues in a TLR4‐dependent manner involving NF‐κB activation, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect in chronic prostatitis treatment.
Differentiating microbial taxonomic and functional responses to physical disturbance in bulk and rhizosphere soils
Authors: Wang Hang , Liu Shengen , Kuzyakov Yakov , Zhan Pengfei , Wang Qingkui , Hettenhausen Christian , Xiao Derong , Qi Jinfeng , Zhang Zhijian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rhizosphere is an important hotspot of soil microbial activity, diversity, and functions. Despite being a microbial hotspot, studies have seldom addressed the differences in the response of the microbial community in bulk and rhizosphere soils to domestic animal disturbance. Here, we investigated grassland disturbance by physical uprooting behaviours of Tibetan pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) on bacterial taxonomy and functions in three soil types: Histosols, Fluvisols, and Gleysols which are dominant on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. We found that after 8 years of continued disturbance, compared to the undisturbed sites, disturbance consistently reduced rhizosphere bacterial α diversity (by 34.6% on average), restructured taxonomic communities, and weakened their carbon substrate utilization capacities in all soil types. The relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteriodetes increased, but the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Nitrospirae decreased in the rhizosphere under disturbance. In contrast, most detected taxonomic changes in bulk soils were minor, and their changing directions were divergent among studied soil types. Compared to the undisturbed, carbon utilization potential by rhizosphere microbes decreased under disturbance and the decrease extent was stronger (by 30.4% on average) than that in bulk soil. The strengthened environmental filtering, imposed by the significant reduction of soil water‐holding capacity and nutrient contents as well as the physical destruction of soil aggregates after disturbance, provided mechanistic insight into the extensive microbial restructuring within the rhizosphere. These results may have implications for recognizing changed root‐microbe interactions and ecological processes in disturbed soils for better understanding soil ecology under intensified herding activities.
Ameliorating Activity of Ishige okamurae on the Amyloid Beta–Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neurotoxicity through Regulating ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease–Like Mice Model
Authors: Kwon Oh Yun , Lee Seung Ho 
Published: May 2020

ScopeAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with amyloid beta peptide (Aβ25‐35) accumulation in brains, which induces neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. The effects of Ishige okamurae, an edible brown algae, on Aβ25‐35‐induced cognitive impairment and neuronal toxicity is investigated. The aim of this study is to determine the molecular mechanisms responsible for I. okamurae extracts (IOE) mediating anti‐AD effects.Methods and ResultsOral administration of IOE significantly attenuated Aβ25‐35‐induced cognitive deficits, as estimated by Y‐maze and Morris water maze tests. IOE also attenuated the Aβ25‐35‐induced cellular apoptosis and expression of inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in mouse brains and PC12 cells. In addition, Aβ25‐35‐induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK in mouse brains and PC12 cells is significantly abolished by administration of IOE. In PC12 cells, pretreatment of signal inhibitors (PD98059 (MEK inhibitor), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), and SP600125 (JNK inhibitor)) recovers Aβ25‐35‐mediated cellular dysregulations to the same extent as does IOE pretreatment.ConclusionTaken together, the data suggest that Aβ25‐35‐induced AD progress may be attenuated by administration of IOE through prevention of Aβ25‐35‐induced phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK.
Consumption minimization for an academic model of a vehicle
Authors: Oukacha Ouazna , Boizot Nicolas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present article is a study of an optimal control problem having a non‐differentiable, but Lipschitz, cost function. It is inspired by the minimisation of the energy consumption of a car‐like vehicle or robot along a road which profile is known. This problem is stated by means of a simple model of the longitudinal dynamics and a running cost that comprises both an absolute value function and a function that accounts for the efficiency of the energy conversion process. A regularity result that excludes chattering phenomena from the set of solutions is proven. It is valid for the class of control affine systems, which includes the considered problem. Three case studies are detailed and analysed. The optimal trajectories are shown to be made of bang‐bang, inactivated, singular and backward arcs.
Growth responses and physiological and biochemical changes in five ornamental plants grown in urban lead‐contaminated soils
Authors: Song Xiliang , Zhang Chenxiang , Chen Weifeng , Zhu Yihao , Wang Yueying 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn increasing concentration of lead (Pb) in urban contaminated soil due to anthropogenic activities has been a global issue threatening human health. The use of urban ornamental plants as phytoremediation of Pb‐contaminated soil is a new choice. In the present experiment, the physiological and biochemical response of five ornamental plants to increase in concentrations of C4H6O4Pb·H2O in the soil were measured to investigate these plans’ Pb tolerance strategies and abilities. Our results showed that Pb stress significantly inhibited the growth and the biomass of all the plants. The root activity (RA), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and chlorophyll (Chl) content in Pb‐stressed leaves were significantly decreased, whereas the leaf proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), and membrane stability index (MSI) were remarkable increased compared with those in the control group. By application of all‐subsets regression and linear regression, the reduction in photosynthetic capacity in the five plants is mainly due to the decrease in the leaf Chl content caused by Pb stress. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) in Canna generalis was greater than 1, while in the other plants were lower than 1, suggesting that Canna generalis had the highest Pb accumulation ability. The translocation factor (TF) in all the plants were lower than 1, suggesting that Pb preferentially accumulated in the external part of roots. By calculating the comprehensive evaluation value (CEV), Iris germanica L. was found to be the most sensitive species, and Canna generalis was the most tolerant species, to Pb stress among the five ornamental plants.
Exosomes Derived from the Human Primary Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480 Orchestrate Fibroblast‐Led Cancer Invasion
Authors: Rai Alin , Greening David W. , Xu Rong , Suwakulsiri Wittaya , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn localized tumors, basement membrane (BM) prevents invasive outgrowth of tumor cells into surrounding tissues. When carcinomas become invasive, cancer cells either degrade BM or reprogram stromal fibroblasts to breach BM barrier and lead invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissues in a process called fibroblast‐led invasion. However, tumor‐derived factors orchestrating fibroblast‐led invasion remain poorly understood. Here it is shown that although early‐stage primary colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW480) cells are themselves unable to invade Matrigel matrix, they secrete exosomes that reprogram normal fibroblasts to acquire de novo capacity to invade matrix and lead invasion of SW480 cells. Strikingly, cancer cells follow leading fibroblasts as collective epithelial‐clusters, thereby circumventing need for epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a key event associated with invasion. Moreover, acquisition of pro‐invasive phenotype by fibroblasts treated with SW480‐derived exosomes relied on exosome‐mediated MAPK pathway activation. Mass spectrometry‐based protein profiling reveals that cancer exosomes upregulate fibroblasts proteins implicated in focal adhesion (ITGA2/A6/AV, ITGB1/B4/B5, EGFR, CRK), regulators of actin cytoskeleton (RAC1, ARF1, ARPC3, CYFIP1, NCKAP1, ICAM1, ERM complex), and signalling pathways (MAPK, Rap1, RAC1, Ras) important in pro‐invasive remodeling of extracellular matrix. Blocking tumor exosome‐mediated signaling to fibroblasts therefore represents an attractive therapeutic strategy in restraining tumors by perturbing stroma‐driven invasive outgrowth.