bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rivers as political borders: a new subnational geospatial dataset
Authors: Popelka Sarah J. , Smith Laurence C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rivers are commonly used to define political borders, but no global study has quantified the importance of rivers on territorial delimitation at subnational scales. This paper presents Global Subnational River-Borders (GSRB), a first comprehensive geospatial dataset of subnational, as well as national, political borders set by large rivers. GSRB incorporates three previous vector datasets (GAUL, GRWL + +, and WDBII) to map and quantify the use of large rivers as political borders at local, state, and national scales. GSRB conservatively finds that at least 58,588 km (23%) of the world's interior (non-coastal) national borders, 199,922 km (17%) of the world's interior state/province borders, and 459,459 km (12%) of the world's interior local-level political borders are set by large rivers. GSRB finds 222, 2,350, and 14,808 dyads sharing river-borders at these three administrative scales, respectively. While previous studies have emphasized transboundary rivers separating nations, GSRB highlights the abundance of river-borders at subnational scales, where numerous domestic stakeholders share jurisdiction in water resource management. These participants, identified with GSRB, ought not to be ignored when crafting water policy and instituting whole-basin management regimes. GSRB should prove useful for global, geospatial analyses of riparian stakeholders across administrative scales. The GSRB dataset (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3906566) can be found via the following link https://zenodo.org/record/3906567#.XvN-GGhKjIU.
Community water fluoridation perceptions and practice in the United States: challenges in governance and implementation
Authors: Walker Thomas , Dickes Lori , Crouch Elizabeth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe primary objective of this research is to reveal potential challenges in achieving the finalized water fluoridation recommendation made by the Federal Water Fluoridation Panel in the United States (U.S.) with data extracted from consumer confidence reports. A secondary objective is to understand community water system manager's perceptions of and ability to meet this new standard using a survey instrument. Mean fluoridation levels are above the recommended level. The confidence interval does not capture the nationally recommended 0.7 mg/L. The t-test revealed two statistically significant results: that the sample mean is not equal to 0.7 mg/L and that the sample mean is higher than 0.7 mg/L. Respondents felt engaged in the policy process, but preferred state over federal policymaking. There is evidence that the optimal fluoridation level may not have been reached by water systems and that some water systems are under-fluoridating, while others are over-fluoridating. Several large water systems and pockets across the U.S. are not practicing artificial water fluoridation which reduces the effectiveness of this policy. Regular engagement by states with water system managers and feedback from water management professionals could be encouraged to better understand local constraints in meeting the federal recommendation.
The Proteins Interacting with Prmt5 in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Identified by Yeast Two-Hybridization
Authors: Shen Hao , Zhang Xiaosha , Al Hafiz Md. Abdullah , Liang Xiaoting , Yao Qiting , Guo Maomao , Xu Gongyu , Zhong Xueping , Zhou Qingchun , Zhao Haobin 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Prmt5 plays major role in regulation of gene expression, RNA processing,
cell growth and differentiation, signal transduction, germ cell development, etc., in mammals.
Prmt5 is also related to cancer. Knowing the proteins interacting with Prmt5 is important to understand
Prmt5’s function in cells. Although there have been reports on proteins binding with Prmt5 in
mammals, the partner proteins of Prmt5 in fish are still unclear.

Objectives:
The objective was to obtain proteins that bind with Prmt5 in medaka, a model fish.

Methods:
Yeast two hybridization was adopted to achieve the objective. Medaka Prmt5 was used
as a bait to fish the prey, binding proteins in a cDNA library of medaka. Co-immunoprecipitation
and in silicon analysis were performed to study the interaction of medaka Mep50 and Prmt5.

Results:
Eight proteins were identified to bind with Prmt5 from 69 preliminary positive colonies.
The binding proteins are methylosome protein 50 (Mep50), apolipoprotein A-I-like (Apo-AI), PR
domain containing protein 1a with zinc fingers (Prdm1a), Prdm1b, T-cell immunoglobulin mucin
family member 3 (Tim-3), phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide
synthase (Paics), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and
sciellin (Scl). Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction of medaka Prmt5 and Mep50.
Predicted structures of medaka Prtm5 and Mep50 are similar to that of human PRMT5 and
MEP50.

Conclusion:
Medaka Mep50, Prdm1a, Prdm1b, Apo-AI, Tim-3, Paics, ND4, and Scl bind with
Prmt5.
Effects of Mulberry on The Central Nervous System: A Literature Review
Authors: Tam Dao Ngoc Hien , Nam Nguyen Hai , Elhady Mohamed Tamer , Tran Linh , Hassan Osama Gamal , Sadik Mohamed , Tien Phan Thi My , Elshafei Ghada Amr , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: May 2020

Background:Mulberry, including several species belonging to genus Morus, has been widely used as a traditional medicine for a long time. Extracts and active components of mulberry have many positive neurological and biological effects and can become potential candidates in the search for new drugs for neurological disorders.Objectives:We aimed to systematically review the medical literature for evidence of mulberry effects on the central nervous system.Methods:We conducted a systematic search in nine databases. We included all in vivo studies investigating the effect of mulberry on the central nervous system with no restrictions.Results:We finally included 47 articles for quality synthesis. Our findings showed that mulberry and its components possessed an antioxidant effect, showed a reduction in the cerebral infarct volume after stroke. They also improved the cognitive function, learning process, and reduced memory impairment in many animal models. M. alba and its extracts ameliorated Parkinson's disease-like behaviors, limited the complications of diabetes mellitus on the central nervous system, possessed anti-convulsant, anti-depressive, and anxiolytic effects.Conclusion:Mulberry species proved beneficial to many neurological functions in animal models. The active ingredients of each species, especially M. alba, should be deeper studied for screening potentially candidates for future treatments
Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Ziziphora clinopodiodes Essential Oil Eluted at Different Times
Authors: Alizadeh Mojgan , Arianfar Akram , Mohammadi Ameneh 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Ziziphora clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant belonging to the Labiatae
family that is widespread all over Iran. It used in culinary and also in cold and cough treatments
in Iran. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of different timeframes during hydrodistillation
on essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.

Materials and Methods:
The essential oil of Z. clinopodiodes was extracted via
hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus. The fractions of essential oil were captured at 6 times
from the beginning of the distillation: (10, 20, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). The fractions of
essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS and their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant
activities were studied by Disk - well diffusion and DPPH methods respectively.

Results:
Six distillation times and whole essential oil were captured during the hydrodistillation.
Essential oil yield dropped off significantly during distillation progressed (1.0% for 10 min and
0.025 for 240 min). 1,8 Cineol, Isomenthone, Pulegone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid were
major compounds in fractions and they were affected by distillation times. Pulegone was major
compound in all of essential oils. In antioxidant activity assay, whole essential oil was stronger
than was stronger than positive control and fractions of essential oil, because of higher levels of
Isomenthone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid. Strongest antimicrobial activity against S.
aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was observed from 10 min fraction.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that distillation time can create essential oils with specific
properties and we can achieve to more efficient essential oil in short times.
Anticoagulant Activity of Sulfated Polysaccharides and Polyphenols Extracted from Marine Algae
Authors: Saidani Karima , Ziani Nadia , Touati Naima , Merzouk Hafida , Bedjou Fatiha 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Recent studies have provided evidence that marine algae sulfated
polysaccharides and phlorotannins play an important role in human health. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the anticoagulant activity of five marine algae extracts from Bejaia’s coast
(Algeria).

Methods:
Phenolic and sugar contents of the five marine algae were assessed using folin ciocalteu
and anthrone reagents, respectively. The anticoagulant activity was evaluated by the Activated Partial
Thromboplastin Time (APTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT).

Results:
Higher contents of phenolic compounds were obtained with ethanol for Cystoseira humilis,
Halopteris scoparia, Padina pavonica, and Rhodomela confervoides (8.55±0.29, 7.84±0.47,
6.41±0.14 and 4.16±0.04 mg CE/g of dw, respectively). Whereas, for Sargassum vulgare, the extraction
with acetone showed higher content (3.04±0.071 mg CE/g of dw). The determination of sugar
content showed that acetone extract of the five seaweeds was the richest in sugar, this rate increasingly
dropped in ethanol extract and the fractions A and B. The red algae Rhodomela confervoides
showed a significant anticoagulant activity in ethanol extract and the fractions A, B, and C,
with elongation up to 407.97±58.12 s in the fraction C, at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Anticoagulant
activity was observed in the fractions A, B, and C of all the brown seaweeds. Procoagulant activity
was observed in the fractions A and B of Cystoseira humilis and Sargassum vulgare, as well
as the fraction B of Padina pavonica for an indeterminate period, at 10 mg/mL.

Conclusion:
The sulfated polysaccharides present in the fractions A, B and C of the studied marine
algae may be responsible for the anticoagulant activity. So, they can be developed as a novel anticoagulant
in the pharmaceutical industry.
Understanding the Effects of Material Properties on Nanoindentation Responses Through Data Analysis
Authors: Hu Zhong , Hu Yuchi 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Nanoindentation is arguably the most versatile and effective method for
measuring materials’ mechanical properties at nanoscale. However, due to the complexity of the deformation
process during the nanoindentation tests, many experimental factors can significantly affect
the nanoindentation results.

Objective:
This research aims to investigate the quantitative effects of material properties on
nanoindentation responses and apply these relationships to the evaluation of broader material properties
through nanoindentation.

Methods:
This study uses intensive computer modeling based on finite element analysis and modeling
data analysis through curve fitting.

Results:
Nanoindentation responses (indentation load versus depth data) were numerically modeled by
computer modeling, considering the effects of the mechanical properties of the materials (low-carbon
steel AISI1018, steel alloy AISI4340, and aluminum alloy 6061-T6) and the indenter geometries
(Berkovich, cylindrical, and spherical indenters). Through data analysis, the quantitative relationships
between indentation load and indentation depth were established. The parameters in the formulae were
optimized by the least-squares method, and high accuracy of the correlation coefficients between the
modeling results and the formulae was achieved.

Conclusion:
It was found that the parameters of the formulae directly reflect the material properties of
a testing specimen, and more material properties can be estimated through nanoindentation.
Plasma Endothelin-1 and Risk of Death and Hospitalization in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis
Authors: Li Ping , Schmidt Insa M. , Sabbisetti Venkata , Tio Maria Clarissa , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Waikar Sushrut S. 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectives
Endothelin-1 is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension, congestive heart failure, and inflammation, all of which are critical pathophysiologic features of CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
To test the hypothesis that plasma endothelin-1 levels are associated with increased risks of mortality and hospitalization in patients with chronic kidney failure, we measured plasma endothelin-1 levels in a prospective cohort of 794 individuals receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The primary outcomes were time to death and time to hospitalization.

Results
The median plasma endothelin-1 level was 2.02 (interquartile range, 1.57–2.71) pg/ml. During a median follow-up period of 28 (interquartile range, 21–29) months, 253 individuals (32%) died and 643 individuals (81%) were hospitalized at least once. In multivariable models adjusted for demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables, individuals in the highest quartile of plasma endothelin-1 had a 2.44-fold higher risk of death (hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.61 to 3.70) and a 1.54-fold higher risk of hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.99) compared with individuals in the lowest quartile. The Harrell C-statistic of the fully adjusted model increased from 0.73 to 0.74 after addition of natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1 (P<0.001) for all-cause mortality, and increased from 0.608 to 0.614 after addition of natural log-transformed plasma endothelin-1 (P=0.002) for hospitalization.

Conclusions
Higher plasma endothelin-1 is associated with adverse clinical events in patients receiving hemodialysis independent of previously described risk factors.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_05_15_CJN11130919.mp3
IN VITRO ANTI-PLATELET AGGREGATION ACTIVITY OF HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE–CYSTEAMINE BASED NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING CRUDE BROMELAIN
Authors: RAHMAT DENI , NURHIDAYATI LILIEK , MARCELLA MARCELLA , SUMARNY ROS , LAKSMITAWATI DIAN RATIH 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate bromelain into nanoparticles in order to improve its stability and activity.
Methods: Crude bromelain was prepared by protein precipitation from the pineapple stem juice using ammonium sulphate at the concentration of 60% (w/v). Nanoparticles containing crude bromelain were generated using the ionic gelation method with hydroxypropyl cellulose–cysteamine (HPC-cysteamine) conjugate as a matrix. Crude bromelain was then added to the HPC-cysteamine solution for ionic interaction to construct the nanoparticles, which were then analyzed for their particle size and zeta potential. The resulting nanoparticles were mixed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to perform anti-platelet aggregation.
Results: The nanoparticle had 928.3 nm in particle size and-7.25 mV in zeta potential. Anti-platelet activity of crude bromelain and the nanoparticles were determined with modification of light transmission aggregometry (LTA), in which ADP was used to induce an aggregation while a spectrophotometer UV-Vis was used to measure the absorbance at the wavelength of 600 nm. The result showed that crude bromelain and the nanoparticles rendered percentage inhibition of 8.00±1.17% and 48.56±11.19%, respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the result of a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was concluded that there was a significant difference in percentage inhibition between the two samples. The nanoparticles demonstrated a better anti-platelet aggregation activity compared to crude bromelain.
SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF TAMOXIFEN, ENDOXIFEN, AND 4-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: MAGGADANI BAITHA PALANGGATAN , HARAHAP YAHDIANA , HARMITA  , HARYONO SAMUEL J. , SITORUS TESANIKA RIBKA JOULIN 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a hormonal therapy that is clinically proven to reduce breast cancer recurrence by blocking estrogen receptor, mainly through its active metabolites, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) and endoxifen (END), which have a higher affinity to ER than TAM itself. The objective of the present study was to develop and validate simple and rapid LC-MS/MS method for analysis TAM and its metabolites simultaneously in dried blood spot (DBS) sample for monitoring studies purposes.
Methods: Optimization was done by evaluating several parameters that affect the efficiency of DBS preparation, such as blood spot volume, drying time and extraction method from the DBS paper. The effectiveness of chromatographic conditions was also optimized by varying flow rate, mobile phase combination and gradient. Clomiphene was used as the internal standard.
Results: The result showed that preparation of 20 µl blood spot volume with 120 min of drying time and 25 min of extraction time using 1 ml methanol was the most efficient condition and also fulfilled recovery and matrix effect requirement according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The separation was performed on UPLC Class BEH C18 using formic acid 0.1%-formic acid 0.1% in acetonitrile (35:65) as the mobile phase in isocratic mode at 0.25 ml/min with a total analysis time of 4 min.
Conclusion: This method has successfully fulfilled all validation requirements referring to EMA and FDA guidelines.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING COLEUS AMBOINICUS LEAF EXTRACT
Authors: JYOTHI DIVYA , CHERIYAN SHERIN P. , AHMED SHAIKH RAFIYA RAFIK , PRIYA SNEH , JAMES JAINEY P. , P. TERESA GEORGE 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Current study is aimed at the formulation of silver nanoparticles loaded with the extract of Coleus amboinicus leaf extract by microwave irradiation. A facile and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using a biological agent such as plant extracts with the aid of microwave irradiation is proposed as an economical and environmentally friendly approach alternative to chemical and physical methods.
Methods: In order to fabricate silver nanoparticles by microwave irradiation, aqueous extract of leaves Coleus amboinicus (CA) were treated with aqueous silver nitrate solution and mixture was placed in the microwave oven for exposure to microwave. Optimizations of the process were carried out by varying the quantity of extract, silver nitrate concentration and duration of microwave irradiation. Formations of nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy observing for the presence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak. Nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Results: Silver nanoparticle showed the SPR optical absorption band peak at 434 nm by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Reaction mixture containing 2 mmol silver nitrate and 9 ml of extract subjected to microwave irradiation of 60 sec at a temperature of 60 °C was found to be optimised condition, which produced nanoparticles that were spherical in shape and had an average diameter of 15.685 nm.
Conclusion: This research study opens an innovative design to progress our understanding of how silver nanoparticles behave can be optimized to improve their surface morphology, which is beneficial to improve its therapeutic effect.
PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT OF CORIANDRUM SATIVUM USING PLANT BIOLOGICALS
Authors: JEET KAMAL , MALAVIYA ALOK , BALDI ASHISH 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate phytopromotional effects of Sebacina vermifera on economically and medicinally important aromatic plant - Coriandrum sativum (coriander).
Methods: Phytopromotional effects of Sebacina vermifera were evaluated on coriander, under greenhouse and field conditions. The evaluations were carried out with reference to emergence, growth promotion and quantitative as well as the qualitative composition of essential oil. Beside this the overall effects were comparatively assessed with the effects of (a) Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens) (b) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum) on coriander using same parameters.
Results: Mycorrhizal fungus (Sebacina vermifera) was observed with the most significant effect in all aspects viz. emergence, growth promotion and quantitative as well as the qualitative composition of essential oil.
Conclusion: Based upon the observations, Sebacina vermifera is highly recommended as a potential biological agent that could be applied for phytopromotional effects and economic cultivation of aromatic plants.
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN DALAM MENCIPTAKAN MANFAAT BERSAMA (CREATING SHARE VALUE)
Authors: Harventy Gina 
Published: May 2020

Creating Shared Value(CSV) adalah sebuah konsep dalam strategi bisnis yang menekankan pada pentingnya memasukkan masalah dan kebutuhan sosial dalam perancangan strategi perusahaan. CSV merupakan pengembangan dari konsep CSR. Penelitian kali ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penerapan program Tanggung Jawab Sosial yang dilakukan oleh Nestle Indonesia, dalam menciptakan manfaat bersama atau creating share value. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder dan data primer, yang diperoleh dengan cara studi literatur dan melakukan observasi lapang. Hasil dari penelitian kali ini,dalam implementasinya program CSV Nestle Indonesia diintegrasikan dengan tahapan rantai bisnisnya. Secara tidak langsung menjadi strategi bisnis perusahaan. Perusahaan mencoba untuk menyelaraskan kewajiban tanggung jawab sosialnya dengan strategi bisnis yang akan dicapai oleh perusahaan.
Latgales teātra darbība (1921–1940)
Authors: Melne Laura 
Published: May 2020

Īsts latviešu kultūras dzīves uzplaukums Latgalē pirmoreiz vērojams tikai pēc Neatkarības kara noslēguma, kad reģionā sāka atjaunoties mierīga dzīve. Latgalieši un pārējie latvieši, kurus Latgalē sauca par baltiešiem, arī pēc kopīgas valsts nodibināšanas cits citam bija diezgan sveši gan kulturālā, gan saimnieciskā ziņā. Viens no līdzekļiem, kā jaunizveidotās Latvijas valsts valdība centās tuvināt latgaliešus un pārējos latviešus, bija kultūra, un veiksmīgs piemērs bija tieši teātris. Rakstā sniegts ieskats Latgales ­teātra darbībā no tā izveidošanas 1921. gadā līdz slēgšanai 1940. gadā, akcentējot pārmaiņas, ko teātra attīstībā iezīmēja Kārļa Ulmaņa 1934. gada 15. maijā realizētais valsts apvērsums.