bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Powered and Broadband Photodetector Based on SnS2/ZnO1−xSx Heterojunction
Authors: Jiang Jinchun , Huang Jiyu , Ye Zhizhen , Ruan Shuangchen , Zeng Yu‐Jia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSelf‐powered photodetectors that can work without an external power source are expected to play a crucial role in future optoelectronic devices. Herein, SnS2/ZnO1−xSx heterojunctions are fabricated by a facile sputtering method and constructed as self‐powered broadband photodetectors covering from UV (365 nm) to NIR (850 nm). The self‐powered device shows a superior responsivity of 8.28 mAW−1, a photodetectivity of 5.09 × 1010 Jones, and a high Ion/Ioff ratio of 1.08 × 105 at 365 nm. Furthermore, the SnS2/ZnO0.7S0.3 heterojunction device presents a fast response speed with a rise time of 49.51 ms and a decay time of 25.93 ms. The high performance of the device is attributed to the type II band alignment of the heterojunction as well as the Schottky barrier. The high responsivity, fast response speed, large Ion/Ioff ratio, and broadband response enable the SnS2‐based heterojunction a potential candidate for self‐powered photodetectors in the range from UV to NIR.
Realizing Stretchable OLEDs: A Hybrid Platform Based on Rigid Island Arrays on a Stress‐Relieving Bilayer Structure
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Lee Hyeonwoo , Jo Woosung , Kim Taek‐Soo , Yoo Seunghyup 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOptoelectronic devices that are stretchable can revolutionize various fields by enabling the functionalities that are not accessible from conventional rigid platforms. In this respect, many efforts are made to realize stretchable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) for their compatibility with various deformable substrates. Two representative examples of such efforts include a method based on intrinsically stretchable materials and a method to attach ultrathin OLEDs on a prestrained elastomer substrate. However, both of those methods have limitations either in material availability for high performance or in optical clarity. Here a hybrid platform is proposed for stretchable OLEDs free from such limitations. The proposed platform is composed of an array of rigid islands connected by serpentine‐shaped interconnectors formed on a bilayer elastomer substrate in which the top layer has an ultralow Young's modulus of ≈0.9 kPa, greatly relieving the rigid islands and interconnectors of the mechanical stress applied to them when stretched. With the proposed platform, stretchable OLEDs are demonstrated that can be repeatedly stretched by 140% and are based on thermally evaporable materials well established for fabrication of high‐performance OLEDs.
Consecutive C1‐Homologation / Displacement Strategy for Converting Thiosulfonates into O,S‐Oxothioacetals
Authors: Ielo Laura , Pillari Veronica , Miele Margherita , Holzer Wolfgang , Pace Vittorio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA conceptually intuitive synthesis of oxothioacetals is reported starting from thiosulfonates as electrophilic sulfur donors. The installation of a reactive CH2Cl motif with a homologating carbenoid reagent, followed by the immediate nucleophilic displacement with alcoholic groups [(hetero)‐aromatic, aliphatic] offer a convenient access to the title compounds. Genuine chemoselectivity is uniformly observed in the case of multi‐functionalized systems.magnified image
Enhancing Delivery of Small‐Molecule‐ and Cell‐Based Therapies for Ovarian Cancer Using Advanced Delivery Strategies
Authors: O'Dwyer Joanne , O'Cearbhaill Roisin E. , Wylie Robert , O'Mahony Saoirse , O'Dwyer Michael , Duffy Garry P. , Dolan Eimear B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy with a global five‐year survival rate of 30–50%. First‐line treatment involves cytoreductive surgery and administration of platinum‐based small molecules and paclitaxel. These therapies are traditionally administered via intravenous infusion, although intraperitoneal delivery has also been investigated. Initial clinical trials of intraperitoneal administration for ovarian cancer indicate significant improvements in overall survival compared to intravenous delivery, but this result is not consistent across all studies performed. Recently, cell‐based immunotherapy has been of interest for ovarian cancer. Direct intraperitoneal delivery of cell‐based immunotherapies may prompt local immunoregulatory mechanisms to act synergistically with the delivered immunotherapy. Based on this theory, preclinical in vivo studies have delivered these cell‐based immunotherapies via the intraperitoneal route, with promising results. However, successful intraperitoneal delivery of cell‐based immunotherapy and clinical adoption of this technique depend on overcoming challenges of intraperitoneal delivery and finding the optimal combinations of dose, therapeutic, and delivery route. The potential advantages and disadvantages of intraperitoneal delivery of cell‐based immunotherapy for ovarian cancer and the preclinical and clinical work performed so far are reviewed. Potential advanced delivery strategies, which may improve the efficacy and adoption of intraperitoneal delivery of therapy for ovarian cancer, are also outlined.
Solar Power Can Substantially Prolong Maximum Achievable Airtime of Quadcopter Drones
Authors: Lin Ching‐Fuh , Lin Ta‐Jung , Liao Wei‐Sheng , Lan Hsiang , Lin Jiun‐Yu , Chiu Chi‐Han , Danner Aaron 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSunlight energy is potentially excellent for small drones, which can often operate during daylight hours and fly high enough to avoid cloud blockade. However, the best solar cells provide limited power, compared to conventional power sources, making their use for aerial vehicles difficult to realize, especially in rotorcraft where significant lift ordinarily generated by a wing is already sacrificed for the ability to hover. In recent years, advances in materials (use of carbon‐fiber components, improvement in specific solar cells and motors) have finally brought solar rotorcraft within reach. Here, the application is explored through a concise mathematical model of solar rotorcraft based on the limits of solar power generation and motor power consumption. Multiple solar quadcopters based on this model with majority solar power are described. One of them has achieved an outdoor airtime over 3 hours, 48 times longer than it can last on just battery alone with the solar cells carried as dead weight and representing a significant prolongation of drone operation. Solar‐power fluctuations during long flight and their interaction with power requirements are experimentally characterized. The general conclusion is that solar cells have reached high enough efficiencies and can outperform batteries under the right conditions for quadcopters.
ZnO–Ti3C2 MXene Electron Transport Layer for High External Quantum Efficiency Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lu Po , Wu Jinlei , Shen Xinyu , Gao Xupeng , Shi Zhifeng , Lu Min , Yu William W. , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides called MXenes show outstanding performance in many applications due to their superior physical and chemical properties. Herein, a ZnO–MXene mixture with different contents of Ti3C2 is applied as electron transport layers (ETLs) and the influence of the Ti3C2 MXene in all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystal light‐emitting diodes (perovskite NC LEDs) is explored. The addition of Ti3C2 makes more balanced charge carrier transport in LEDs by changing the energy level structure and electron mobility of ETL. Moreover, lower surface roughness is obtained for the ETL, thus guaranteeing uniform distribution of the perovskite NCs layer and further reducing leakage current. As a result, a 17.4% external quantum efficiency (EQE) with low efficiency roll‐off is achieved with 10% Ti3C2, which is a 22.5% improvement compared to LEDs without Ti3C2.
Controlling Defect Formation of Nanoscale AlN: Toward Efficient Current Conduction of Ultrawide‐Bandgap Semiconductors
Authors: Wu Yuanpeng , Laleyan David A. , Deng Zihao , Ahn Chihyo , Aiello Anthony F. , Pandey Ayush , Liu Xianhe , Wang Ping , Sun Kai , Ahmadi Elaheh , Sun Yi , Kira Mackillo , Bhattacharya Pallab K. , Kioupakis Emmanouil , Mi Zetian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUltrawide‐bandgap semiconductors such as AlN, BN, and diamond hold tremendous promise for high‐efficiency deep‐ultraviolet optoelectronics and high‐power/frequency electronics, but their practical application has been limited by poor current conduction. Through a combined theoretical and experimental study, it is shown that a critical challenge can be addressed for AlN nanostructures by using N‐rich epitaxy. Under N‐rich conditions, the p‐type Al‐substitutional Mg‐dopant formation energy is significantly reduced by 2 eV, whereas the formation energy for N‐vacancy related compensating defects is increased by ≈3 eV, both of which are essential to achieve high hole concentrations of AlN. Detailed analysis of the current−voltage characteristics of AlN p‐i‐n diodes suggests that current conduction is dominated by hole‐carrier tunneling at room temperature, which is directly related to the activation energy of Mg dopants. At high Mg concentrations, the dispersion of Mg acceptor energy levels leads to drastically reduced activation energy for a portion of Mg dopants, evidenced by the small tunneling energy of 67 meV, which explains the efficient current conduction and the very small turn‐on voltage (≈5 V) for the diodes made of nanoscale AlN. This work shows that nanostructures can overcome the dopability challenges of ultrawide‐bandgap semiconductors and significantly increase the efficiency of devices.
Current‐Induced Planar Resistive Switching Mediated by Oxygen Migration in NiO/Pt Bilayer
Authors: Hu Shuai , Yang Huanglin , Tang Meng , Chen Huanjian , Yang Yumeng , Zhou Shiming , Qiu Xuepeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNew materials and mechanisms to retain electrically tunable resistance states are highly pursed to advance information technology. In this study, a novel scenario of current‐induced planar resistive switching mediated by oxygen migration is unveiled in the NiO/Pt bilayers. Sawtooth‐like switching is successfully realized in various crystalline NiO, and the switching amplitude monotonically increases with the Pt thickness. On the other hand, the critical switching current is found to be strongly correlated with the substrate thermal conductivity hence suggesting a thermal origin. By directly probing the Ni2+ and O2− distribution before and after switching via electron energy loss spectrum, the switching behavior in NiO/Pt is assuredly associated with the planar redistribution of O2−, thereby setting forth an oxygen migration scenario underlying the switching process. Under this scenario, the planar resistive switching is extended to the SrTiO3/Pt, GdOx/Pt, and TbOx/Pt, and the manipulation of the switching characteristics is successfully achieved by controlling the oxygen content in the GdOx/Pt and TbOx/Pt bilayers. The results offer novel strategy to design new emergent memory devices through oxygen mediated planar resistive switching.
Using statistical learning algorithms to predict cover crop biomass and cover crop nitrogen content
Authors: Marcillo Guillermo S. , Mirsky Steven , Poncet Aurelie , Reberg‐Horton Chris , Timlin Dennis , Schomberg Harry , Ramos Paula 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCereal rye (Secale cereale sp.) is a cover crop species known to improve soil and water quality. Late‐season biomass production is information growers need to maximize cover crop benefits and schedule field operations. Statistical learning, built upon statistical and computational algorithms that “learn” from data, may help to improve predictions of cover crop biomass as a function of initial soil inorganic nitrogen levels. Three models—Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Ridge, and Random Forest (RF)—were trained and optimized on a 3‐yr allometric and remote sensing dataset of cereal rye responses to N fertilization in the mid‐Atlantic northern and southeastern United States. Shoot biomass (mean, 9,800 kg ha−1) was accurately predicted with a RF model (RMSE, 2,039 kg ha−1). Targeting shoot N content (mean, 107 kg ha−1), on the other hand, LASSO made accurate and more stable predictions (RMSE, 34 kg ha−1). Early‐season information (cover crop C/N ratio, tiller counts, and ground‐sensed normalized difference vegetation index) contributed to enhancing biomass and N content predictions. A final test on untrained data revealed that 92 and 73% of the predictions from either algorithm corresponded to ground‐truthed biomass and shoot N content observed under different N regimes. Modern data‐intensive approaches, such as statistical learning, show promise to characterize end‐season performance of a cover crop and may contribute to better farm decision‐making.
Fetal brain ultrasound measures and maternal nutrition: A feasibility study in Ecuador
Authors: Sibbald Carrie A. , Nicholas Jennifer L. , Chapnick Melissa , Ross Naima , Gandor Patricia L. , Waters William F. , Palacios Iván , Iannotti Lora L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveNutrition during pregnancy is an important modifiable determinant of fetal growth and development. This pilot study aimed to characterize the association between fetal anthropometry, fetal brain development, and maternal diet among women in Ecuador using portable ultrasound in resource‐limited clinics, including measurements of brain structures not typically imaged in this setting.MethodsPregnant women (n = 47) from four resource‐limited health centers were surveyed on demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, and dietary information. Maternal height, weight, and blood pressure were taken. A sonographer took 15 images per participant, including those standardly assessed during the fetal survey and additional brain structures identified as potentially responsive to maternal nutrition, but not part of the standard fetal survey.ResultsMean percentiles for all standard fetal survey measurements generated from WHO Fetal Growth Curves fell below 50%, and negative meanZscores were found for biparietal diameter (−0.95 ± 1.11) and femur length (−0.22 ± 1.10). Generalized linear modeling adjusting for gestational age and other covariates showed frequency of seafood consumption was positively associated with fetal biparietal diameterZscore (P= 0.005), beans and legumes positively associated with femur length (P= 0.006), and a negative association was found for soda consumption and fetal head circumference (P= 0.013).ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of capturing images of nutrition‐relevant fetal brain structures not part of the standard fetal survey in resource‐limited settings using portable ultrasound. Our study revealed associations between anthropometry, brain structure size, and maternal diet demonstrating potential for prenatal nutrition research using ultrasound in the field.
Prenatal genetic diagnosis of cranioectodermal dysplasia in a Polish family with compound heterozygous variants in WDR35
Authors: Walczak‐Sztulpa Joanna , Wawrocka Anna , Leszczynska Beata , Mikulska Boyana , Arts Heleen H. , Bukowska‐Olech Ewelina , Daniel Maria , Krawczynski Maciej R. , Latos‐Bielenska Anna , Obersztyn Ewa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ciliary chondrodysplasias represent a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders that affect skeleton development. Cilia are organelles that project from the surface of many cell types and play an important role during prenatal and postnatal human development. Cranioectodermal dysplasia (Sensenbrenner syndrome, CED) is a ciliopathy primarily characterized by craniofacial, skeletal, and ectodermal abnormalities. To date six genes have been associated with CED: IFT122, WDR35, WDR19, IFT140, IFT43, and IFT52. Prenatal diagnosis of CED is challenging, and genetic testing can facilitate making a correct diagnosis. Here, we report on a family with two male siblings affected by CED: a 3.5 year‐old patient and his 2 year‐old brother. Molecular analysis of the proband at 1 year of age revealed compound heterozygous variants in WDR35: c.3G>A [p.(Met1‐Ala30delinsMetfsTer4)] and c.2522A>T [p.(Asp841Val)]. Ultrasound examination during the second pregnancy revealed an increased nuchal translucency of 4.5 mm and a hypoplastic nasal bone at 12 weeks of gestation. Prenatal diagnostic testing was offered because of an increased risk for chromosomal abnormalities and recurrence risk for CED. Prenatal genetic analysis of a chorionic villus sample detected the WDR35 variants previously identified in the elder brother. This is the first report of a prenatal genetic diagnosis in CED.
A founder RAB27A variant causes Griscelli syndrome type 2 with phenotypic heterogeneity in Qatari families
Authors: Al‐Sulaiman Reem , Othman Amna , El‐Akouri Karen , Fareed Shehab , AlMulla Hajer , Sukik Aseel , Al‐Mureikhi Mariam , Shahbeck Noora , Ali Rehab , Al‐Mesaifri Fatma , Musa Sara , Al‐Mulla Mariam , Ibrahim Khalid , Mohamed Khalid , Al‐Nesef Maryam Ali , Ehlayel Mohammad , Ben‐Omran Tawfeg 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGriscelli syndrome type 2 (GS2) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the RAB27A gene and characterized by partial albinism, immunodeficiency, and occasional hematological and neurological involvement. We reviewed and analyzed the medical records of 12 individuals with GS2 from six families belonging to a highly consanguineous Qatari tribe and with a recurrent pathogenic variant in the RAB27A gene (NM_004580.4: c.244C > T, p.Arg82Cys). Detailed demographic, clinical, and molecular data were collected. Cutaneous manifestations were the most common presentation (42%), followed by neurological abnormalities (33%) and immunodeficiency (25%). The most severe manifestation was HLH (33%). Among the 12 patients, three patients (25%) underwent HSCT, and four (33%) died. The cause of death in all four patients was deemed HLH, providing evidence for this complication's fatal nature. Interestingly, two affected patients (16%) were asymptomatic. This report highlights the broad spectrum of clinical presentations of GS2 associated with a founder variant in the RAB27A gene (c.244C > T, p.Arg82Cys). Early suspicion of GS2 among Qatari patients with cutaneous manifestations, neurological findings, immunodeficiency, and HLH would shorten the diagnostic odyssey, guide early and appropriate treatment, and prevent fatal outcomes.
A polygenic risk score analysis of ASD and ADHD across emotion recognition subtypes
Authors: Waddington Francesca , Franke Barbara , Hartman Catharina , Buitelaar Jan K. , Rommelse Nanda , Mota Nina Roth 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the genetic components of ADHD and ASD by examining the cross‐disorder trait of emotion recognition problems. The genetic burden for ADHD and ASD on previously identified emotion recognition factors (speed and accuracy of visual and auditory emotion recognition) and classes (Class 1: Average visual, impulsive auditory; Class 2: Average‐strong visual & auditory; Class 3: Impulsive & imprecise visual, average auditory; Class 4: Weak visual & auditory) was assessed using ASD and ADHD polygenic risk scores (PRS). Our sample contained 552 participants: 74 with ADHD, 85 with ASD, 60 with ASD + ADHD, 177 unaffected siblings of ADHD or ASD probands, and 156 controls. ADHD‐ and ASD‐PRS, calculated from the latest ADHD and ASD GWAS meta‐analyses, were analyzed across these emotion recognition factors and classes using linear mixed models. Unexpectedly, the analysis of emotion recognition factors showed higher ASD‐PRS to be associated with faster visual emotion recognition. The categorical analysis of emotion recognition classes showed ASD‐PRS to be reduced in Class 3 compared to the other classes (p value threshold [pT] = 1, p = .021). A dimensional analysis identified a high ADHD‐PRS reduced the probability of being assigned to the Class 1 or Class 3 (pT = .05, p = .028 and p = .044, respectively). Though these nominally significant results did not pass FDR correction, they potentially indicate different indirect causative chains from genetics via emotion recognition to ADHD and ASD, which need to be verified in future research.
Ophthalmic genetics in South America
Authors: Daich Varela Malena , Moya Rene , Schlottmann Patricio G. , Hufnagel Robert B. , Arberas Claudia , Fernández Federico M. , Inga M. Eugenia , Lores Juliana , Pachajoa Harry , Prada Carlos E. , Sallum Juliana M. Ferraz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSouth America comprises of heterogeneous topographies, populations, and health care systems. Therefore, it is not surprising to see differences among the countries regarding expertise, education, and practices of ophthalmic genetics for patients with rare eye diseases. Nevertheless, common challenges such as limited genetics training in medical schools and among ophthalmologists, scarcity of diagnostic tools for phenotyping, and expensive genetic testing not covered by the public healthcare systems, are seen in all of them. Here, we provide a detailed report of the current status of ophthalmic genetics, described by the personal views of local ophthalmologists from Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, and Chile. By reporting our strengths and weaknesses as a region, we intend to highlight the need for guidelines on how to manage these patients aligned with public health policies. Our region contributes to research worldwide, with thousands of well diagnosed patients from a number of unique and genetically diverse populations. The constant expansion of ophthalmic genetics and molecular diagnostics requires us to join forces to collaborate across South America and with other countries to improve access to next‐generation diagnostics and ultimately improve patient care.
Contrasting the ancestry patterns of three distinct population groups from the northernmost region of South America
Authors: Mogollón Olivares Fernanda , Moncada Madero Julie , Casas‐Vargas Andrea , Zea Montoya Sara , Suárez Medellín Dayana , Gusmão Leonor , Usaquén William 
Published: August 2020

AbstractColombia, located in the north of the South American subcontinent is a country of great interest for population genetic studies given its high ethnic and cultural diversity represented by the admixed population, 102 indigenous peoples and African descent populations. In this study, an analysis of the genetic structure and ancestry was performed based on 46 ancestry informative INDEL markers (AIM‐INDELs) and considering the genealogical and demographic variables of 451 unrelated individuals belonging to nine Native American, two African American, and four multiple ancestry populations. Measures of genetic diversity, ancestry components, and genetic substructure were analyzed to build a population model typical of the northernmost part of the South American continent. The model suggests three types of populations: Native American, African American, and multiple ancestry. The results support hypotheses posed by other authors about issues like the peopling of South America and the existence of two types of Native American ancestry. This last finding could be crucial for future research on the peopling of Colombia and South America in that a single origin of all indigenous communities should not be assumed. It then would be necessary to consider other events that could explain their genetic variability and complexity throughout the continent.