bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting greenhouse gas emissions from coal-based resource in power plant using a nonsupervisory artificial neural network
Authors: Zanil Mohd Fauzi , Lee Kiat Moon , Ahmad Radin Diana R. , Zakaria Sazalina , Shah RES Raja Shazrin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Machine learning can be a game-changer for a global warming prediction. About 75% global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions cause by energy sector and this indicate a major concern to global warming community. In this study, non-supervisory machine learning technique has been used to predict the GHG effect relate to net calorific value based on intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) standard. The study focuses on the characteristic of coal that is used in power generation sector and its chemical effluent that obtained from ultimate analysis (dried basis; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and Ash) as gas emissions is concerned. The dataset shows, coal from different origin and type produce GHG emissions range approximately between 86.95 and 108.23 k-tonne CO2/TJ with the net calorific value of 19.77 to 27.17 MJ/kg-coal. While, for ultimate analysis, the percentage of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur and Ash are in the range of [65.05 – 73.3], [1.46 – 5.49], [1.2 – 19.06], [0.3 – 1.20] and [4.82 – 15.96] respectively. In this study, principal component analysis is used to screen the training dataset and feed forward structure from artificial neural networks are used which allows the trained model to determine the GHG emission factor based on the given input data. The network relative errors of year 2017 dataset were used to adjust the weight value and as a result, the networks give r-square of 0.91678, which subsequently the trained networks are simulated for GHG emissions prediction for year 2018 at accuracy of r-square 0.82191. Furthermore, the study also shows, they are significant effect from coal characteristic towards GHS emissions and study proposed an optimal solution to simultaneously maximise power generation (in net calorific value per consumption weight) and reducing GHG value (k-tonne CO2/TJ) of coal plant.
Nanoclay-based 3D printed scaffolds promote vascular ingrowth ex vivo and generate bone mineral tissue in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cidonio Gianluca , Glinka Michael , Kim Yang-Hee , Kanczler Janos M , Lanham Stuart A , Ahlfeld Tilman , Lode Anja , Dawson Jonathan I , Gelinsky Michael , Oreffo Richard O C 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Acellular soft hydrogels are not ideal for hard tissue engineering given their poor mechanical stability, however, in combination with cellular components offer significant promise for tissue regeneration. Indeed, nanocomposite bioinks provide an attractive platform to deliver human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSCs) in three dimensions producing cell-laden constructs that aim to facilitate bone repair and functionality. Here we present the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo investigation of bioprinted HBMSCs encapsulated in a nanoclay-based bioink to produce viable and functional three-dimensional constructs. HBMSC-laden constructs remained viable over 21 d in vitro and immediately functional when conditioned with osteogenic media. 3D scaffolds seeded with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) implanted ex vivo into a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model showed integration and vascularisation after 7 d of incubation. In a pre-clinical in vivo application of a nanoclay-based bioink to regenerate skeletal tissue, we demonstrated bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) absorbed scaffolds produced extensive mineralisation after 4 weeks (p < 0.0001) compared to the drug-free and alginate controls. In addition, HBMSC-laden 3D printed scaffolds were found to significantly (p < 0.0001) support bone tissue formation in vivo compared to acellular and cast scaffolds. These studies illustrate the potential of nanoclay-based bioink, to produce viable and functional constructs for clinically relevant skeletal tissue regeneration.
Health inequalities are worsening in the North East of England
Authors: Corris Valerie , Dormer Emily , Brown Andrea , Whitty Paula , Collingwood Paul , Bambra Clare , Newton Julia L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The North of England, particularly the North East (NE), has worse health (e.g. 2 years lower life expectancy) and higher health inequalities compared to the rest of England.

Sources of data
We explore this over time drawing on publicly available data.

Areas of agreement and controversy
Whilst overall health is improving, within-regional health inequalities are getting worse and the gap between the NE and other regions (particularly the South of England) is worsening. The gap in life expectancy is widening with substantial variation between deprived and affluent areas within the NE. Those living in the NE are more likely to have a shorter lifespan and to spend a larger proportion of their shorter lives in poor health, as well as being more likely to die prematurely from preventable diseases.

Growing points
We highlight wide, and in some cases increasing, inequalities in health outcomes between the NE and the rest of England. This health disadvantage and the north-south health divide are recognized; despite this, the situation appears to be worsening over the time.

Areas timely for developing research
Research to understand and reduce health inequalities is needed particularly in the NE of England where reductions could have enhanced the impact.
Rapid Recalibration of Peri-Personal Space: Psychophysical, Electrophysiological, and Neural Network Modeling Evidence
Authors: Noel Jean-Paul , Bertoni Tommaso , Terrebonne Emily , Pellencin Elisa , Herbelin Bruno , Cascio Carissa , Blanke Olaf , Magosso Elisa , Wallace Mark T , Serino Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Interactions between individuals and the environment occur within the peri-personal space (PPS). The encoding of this space plastically adapts to bodily constraints and stimuli features. However, these remapping effects have not been demonstrated on an adaptive time-scale, trial-to-trial. Here, we test this idea first via a visuo-tactile reaction time (RT) paradigm in augmented reality where participants are asked to respond as fast as possible to touch, as visual objects approach them. Results demonstrate that RTs to touch are facilitated as a function of visual proximity, and the sigmoidal function describing this facilitation shifts closer to the body if the immediately precedent trial had indexed a smaller visuo-tactile disparity. Next, we derive the electroencephalographic correlates of PPS and demonstrate that this multisensory measure is equally shaped by recent sensory history. Finally, we demonstrate that a validated neural network model of PPS is able to account for the present results via a simple Hebbian plasticity rule. The present findings suggest that PPS encoding remaps on a very rapid time-scale and, more generally, that it is sensitive to sensory history, a key feature for any process contextualizing subsequent incoming sensory information (e.g., a Bayesian prior).
Percutaneous closure of an aortopulmonary window in a young adult patient: a case report of transcatheter closure with an occluder device
Authors: Giordano Mario , Butera Gianfranco 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Aortopulmonary window is a congenital heart disease requiring a surgical approach to achieve a complete correction.

Case summary
We report on a case of a young female symptomatic adult patient with a significant aortopulmonary window. The patients refused surgical approach and since the defect was far enough from the pulmonary and aortic valve a percutaneous approach was proposed. The large aortopulmonary window was closed effectively with an Amplatzer Muscular Septal Occluder device (Abbott, Plymouth, MN, USA). At 1-year follow-up, the device was in a good position with no residual shunt.

Discussion
Transcatheter closure of an aortopulmonary window is an effective and safe procedure in specific anatomic defects.
The dynamics of frailty and change in socio-economic conditions: evidence for the 65+ in Europe
Authors: Sirven Nicolas , Dumontet Magali , Rapp Thomas 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe frailty phenotype for older people is defined as an increased vulnerability to stressors, leading to adverse health outcomes. It is acknowledged as a specific precursor of disability besides chronic diseases that allows for some reversibility in the loss of autonomy. Although the literature on the socio-economic determinants of frailty is emerging in cross-sectional settings, little is known about the dynamics of this relationship over time. This article examines the joint evolution of frailty and change in economic conditions for the 65+ in Europe.MethodsIndividual and longitudinal data from SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) over the period 2004–12 has been used. The sample contains 31 044 observations from 12 002 respondents aged 65 or more. A fixed effect Poisson model is estimated in order to control for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Three types of explanative economic variables have been considered in turn: income, wealth and a subjective variable of deprivation.ResultsOur results indicate that individuals with worsening economic conditions (wealth and subjective deprivation) over time simultaneously experience a rapid increase in the frailty symptoms. Results also show that the nature of economic variable does not affect the frailty process in the same way. Subjective measure of deprivation seems to better evaluate the household’s financial difficulties than objective measure.ConclusionFrom a public policy perspective, these results show that policies fostering economic conditions of the elderly could have a significant impact on frailty and henceforth, could reduce the risks of disability.
Assessing predictors of respiratory tract infections in infants born to teenage mothers: secondary analysis of the Building Blocks trial data
Authors: Buchanan Emily , Cannings-John Rebecca , Lugg-Widger Fiona , Hood Kerry , Butler Christopher , Robling Mike 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory tract infections (RTIs) are estimated to account for 60% of infants’ primary care visits. There is limited research into risk factors for infant RTIs in those born to teenage mothers.AimsTo identify risk factors for primary and secondary care RTI attendances, in infants of teenage mothers, and to identify risk factors associated with high primary care RTI consultations.MethodSecondary analysis of a data set from the Building Blocks trial of special home visiting support in England containing 1510 infants born to teenage mothers recruited to the study. Maternally reported and routinely collected data were examined. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to determine independent predictors. Primary care data analysis also focused on infant risk factors for RTI consultation.ResultsNo independently predictive risk factors for infant RTI were identified in primary care. Lower maternal antenatal attendances (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.92–0.99), infants born in autumn (vs. spring; 0.54, 0.36–0.80) and neonatal unit (NNU) admissions (0.51, 0.30–0.89) had increased odds of attending accidents and emergencies with an RTI. Male infants (1.52, 1.03–2.25), NNU admissions (3.21, 1.98–5.22) and birth season had increased odds of RTI-associated hospital admissions. High infant RTI primary care consulters were more likely to have an RTI-associated hospital admission (2.11, 1.17–3.81) and less likely to have breastfed (0.55, 0.38–0.78).ConclusionRisk factors previously found to increase the risk of an RTI infant admission in the broader population have been identified here. This study is one of the first to identify modifiable risk factors of high primary care RTI consulters.
LGBT WIDOWHOOD: THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARTNER LOSS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Noblitt Jessica A , Barrett Anne 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Death of a partner – one of the most stressful events many people will ever experience – has profound effects on psychological well-being. However, research on widowhood focuses almost exclusively on heterosexual couples, with little known about these studies’ applicability to the LGBT population. Further, the few studies of partner loss among LGBT individuals are qualitative and many focus on gay men. As a result, little is known about the effects of partner loss in this population as a whole or among other sexual minorities, including lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender individuals. Addressing this issue, our study examines the association between partner loss and psychological well-being using data from the 2010 Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS) (n=2,322), the largest nationally representative sample of LGBT middle-aged and older adults. We use OLS regression to examine the association between partner loss and psychological well-being, measured as depressive symptoms, loneliness, and subjective mental health. Results reveal a significant association between partner loss and psychological well-being across all three measures. However, the association is significantly weaker in models controlling for current partner status. In models predicting depressive symptoms and loneliness, partner loss no longer reaches significance, though it remains significant in the model predicting subjective mental health. Results suggest that current partner status more strongly impacts psychological well-being than does partner loss, though further research is needed to identify how, for whom, and under what circumstances the negative effects of partner loss may linger.
DISTINGUISHED FACULTY AND RISING STAR EARLY-CAREER FACULTY AWARD LECTURES
Authors: Hancock Cynthia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The Distinguished Faculty Award acknowledges individuals whose teaching stands out as exemplary, innovative, or influential—or any combination thereof. The Distinguished Faculty Award lecture will feature an address by 2019 recipient Gayle Doll, PhD, of Kansas State University. The Rising Star Early-Career Faculty Award acknowledges new faculty whose teaching and leadership stand out as influential and innovative. The Rising Star Early-Career Faculty Award lecture will feature an address by 2019 recipient Katarina Felstedof, PhD, of the University of Utah.
A MULTI-SITE PROGRAM TO PROVIDE GERIATRICS TELECONSULTATION TO OLDER RURAL VETERANS (GRECC CONNECT)
Authors: Hung William , Barczi Steven , Colon-Emeric cathleen , Rossi Michelle , Dang Stuti , Caprio Thomas , Espinoza Sara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Older Veterans living in rural areas often do not have access to geriatrics team care; rural frontline providers and teams may need support to address the needs of older adults with complex chronic conditions. GRECC Connect aims to link up geriatric teams at Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Centers (GRECCs) and rural clinics to provide geriatric consultation remotely through clinical video telehealth (CVT) and other means. GRECC Connect is established in twelve GRECCs across the country with links to rural clinics in their catchment area; consultations led to identification and meeting of care needs of older adults with complex conditions, improving medication use and reducing older adults’ need for travel to long distances for consultation. In this presentation, we review the experience of establishing connections with rural clinics, impact on older adult care and adaptations needed to address local needs and contexts.
COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS AND NON-CANCER PARTICIPANTS: EVIDENCE FOR SIMILARITIES
Authors: Pasquini Giancarlo , Small Brent J , Mogle Jacqueline , Sliwinski Martin , Scott Stacey B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Breast cancer survivors may experience accelerated decline in cognitive functioning compared to same-aged peers with no cancer history (Small et al., 2015). Survivors may show important differences in mean-level performance or variability in cognitive functioning compared to those without a history of cancer (Yao et al., 2016). This study compared ambulatory cognitive functioning in a sample of breast cancer survivors and an age-matched community sample without a history of cancer (n_cancer=47, n_non-cancer=105, age range: 40-64 years, M=52.13 years). Participants completed three cognitive tasks measuring working memory, executive functioning, and processing speed up to five times per day for 14 days. Results indicated no mean-level differences in cognitive performance on the three tasks between cancer survivors and those without cancer history (p’s&gt;.05). Unexpectedly, women without cancer history showed more variability than survivors on working memory but not on the other two tasks. Across both groups, those without a college education performed worse on executive functioning (B=-0.05, SE=0.03, p&lt;.05) and working memory (B=0.94, SE=0.36, p&lt;.05) compared to those that completed college. Additionally, older age was associated with slower processing speed (B=31.67, SE=7.44, p&lt;.001). In sum, this study did not find mean-level group differences in cognitive functioning between cancer survivors and age-matched women without a history of cancer. Contrary to hypotheses, those without a history of cancer were more variable on working memory. Results suggested similarities in cognitive functioning in the two samples and that education and age are important predictors of cognitive functioning independent of cancer history.
INNOVATING CAREGIVER EDUCATION: INCLUDING COOPERATIVE EXTENSION IN RURAL CAREGIVING EDUCATION
Authors: Struckmeyer Kristopher M , Bishop Alex J , Peek Gina , Tripp Paula , Gordon Sarah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Studies consistently report that caregivers under utilize resources, citing unawareness or inability to access programs as barriers to service utilization. Family and Consumer Science (FCS) educators within Extension have a unique blend of training that can help transform access to education for rural caregivers. Extension programming covers a wide range of topics, but few have implemented a curricular program or workshops to educate caregivers about caregiving issues. The current study involved a multi-state examination of innovativeness in caregiving program implementation among N = 216 FCS educators employed by the Cooperative Extension Service. Educators rated their perceptions of Extension’s receptiveness to change and personal factors. Results indicated that more urban areas (β = .19, p &lt; .05), fewer years in their current position (β = -.23, p &lt; .05), and greater leadership self-efficacy (β = .17, p &lt; .05) predicted educator innovativeness to implement new caregiver education programming. However, when personal factors were added to the model, only years in current position (β = -.20, p &lt; .05) remained significant. Subjective age (β = -.25, p &lt; .01) and social support (β = .28, p &lt; .01) were also found to significantly predict educator innovativeness. Despite previous research, these results indicate that personal factors may have a greater influence on educators’ innovativeness than organizational factors. These findings are critical when adopting and implementing a rural caregiver education programs through new organizational networks.
Treatment-Emergent Influenza Virus Polymerase Acidic Substitutions Independent of Those at I38 Associated With Reduced Baloxavir Susceptibility and Virus Rebound in Trials of Baloxavir Marboxil
Authors: Ince William L , Smith Fraser B , O’Rear Julian J , Thomson Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInfluenza viruses harboring treatment-emergent I38F/M/N/T substitutions in the polymerase acidic (PA) endonuclease exhibited reduced susceptibility to baloxavir and were associated with virus rebound and variable clinical response in clinical trials. US regulatory review of registrational trial data also identified treatment-emergent PA substitutions E23K in A/H1N1 viruses and E23G/K, A37T, and E199G in A/H3N2 viruses, which conferred reduced susceptibility to baloxavir, although to a lesser degree than I38F/M/N/T substitutions, and were associated with virus rebound. Although these non-I38 substitutions emerged less frequently than substitutions at I38, they represent alternate pathways to baloxavir virologic resistance and should be monitored accordingly.
Direct Determination of Coagulation Factor IIa and Plasmin Activities for Monitoring of Thrombotic State
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Zou Lihui , Liu Chengyang , Li Chuanbao , Wang Meng , Yang He , Wang Yan , Tan Zheng , Li Hexin , Su Fei , Zou Tong , Li Kang , Wang Xiaogang , Li Ying , Han Bingqing , Zhang Zhu , Zhai Zhenguo , Liu Xiangyi , Xu Xiaomao , Xiao Fei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Current laboratory examinations for hypercoagulable diseases focus on the biomarker content of the activated coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system. Direct detection of physiologically important protease activities in blood remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a general approach that enables the determination of activities of crucial coagulation factors and plasmin in blood.

Methods
This assay is based on the proteolytic activation of an engineered zymogen of l-phenylalanine oxidase (proPAO), for which the specific blood protease cleavage sites were engineered between the inhibitory and activity domains of proPAO. Specific cleavage of the recombinant proenzyme leads to the activation of proPAO, followed by oxidation and oxygenation of l-phenylalanine, resulting in an increase of chromogenic production when coupled with the Trinder reaction.

Results
We applied this method to determine the activities of both coagulation factor IIa and plasmin in their physiologically relevant basal state and fully activated state in sodium citrate–anticoagulated plasma respectively. Factor IIa and plasmin activities could be dynamically monitored in patients with thrombotic disease who were taking oral anticoagulants and used for assessing the hypercoagulable state in pregnant women.

Conclusions
The high specificity, sensitivity, and stability of this novel assay not only makes it useful for determining clinically important protease activities in human blood and diagnosing thrombotic diseases but also provides a new way to monitor the effectiveness and safety of anticoagulant drugs.
Spoken words as biomarkers: using machine learning to gain insight into communication as a predictor of anxiety
Authors: Demiris George , Corey Magan Kristin L , Parker Oliver Debra , Washington Karla T , Chadwick Chad , Voigt Jeffrey D , Brotherton Sam , Naylor Mary D 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objective
The goal of this study was to explore whether features of recorded and transcribed audio communication data extracted by machine learning algorithms can be used to train a classifier for anxiety.

Materials and Methods
We used a secondary data set generated by a clinical trial examining problem-solving therapy for hospice caregivers consisting of 140 transcripts of multiple, sequential conversations between an interviewer and a family caregiver along with standardized assessments of anxiety prior to each session; 98 of these transcripts (70%) served as the training set, holding the remaining 30% of the data for evaluation.

Results
A classifier for anxiety was developed relying on language-based features. An 86% precision, 78% recall, 81% accuracy, and 84% specificity were achieved with the use of the trained classifiers. High anxiety inflections were found among recently bereaved caregivers and were usually connected to issues related to transitioning out of the caregiving role. This analysis highlighted the impact of lowering anxiety by increasing reciprocity between interviewers and caregivers.

Conclusion
Verbal communication can provide a platform for machine learning tools to highlight and predict behavioral health indicators and trends.