bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the superfamily Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera: Obtectomera), with an exploratory application on geometric morphometrics
Authors: Wang Qing‐Yun , Li Hou‐Hun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe superfamily Gelechioidea (Lepidoptera: Obtectomera) has a high species diversity. It consists of more than 18,400 described species and has a global distribution. Among it, large numbers of species were reported to be economically important to people's production and life. However, relationships among families or subfamilies in Gelechioidea have been exceptionally difficult to resolve using morphology or single gene genealogies. Multiple gene genealogies had been used in the molecular phylogenetic studies on Gelechioidea during the past years, but their phylogenetic relationships remain to be controversial mainly due to their limited taxa sampling relative to such high species diversity. In this paper, 89 ingroup species representing 55 genera are sequenced and added to the data downloaded from GenBank, and six species representing four closely related superfamilies are chosen as outgroup. The molecular phylogeny of Gelechioidea is reconstructed based on the concatenated data set composed of one mitochondrial marker (COI) and seven nuclear markers (CAD, EF‐1ɑ, GAPDH, IDH, MDH, RpS5, wingless). The phylogenetic results, taking into consideration of the comparative morphological study, show that the clade of Gelechioidea is strongly supported and separated from other superfamilies, which further proves its monophyly. Five families are newly defined: Autostichidae sensu nov., Depressariidae sensu nov., Peleopodidae sensu nov., Ashinagidae sensu nov. and Epimarptidae sensu nov. Meanwhile, a monophyletic “SSABM” clade considered to be closely related is proposed for the first time, consisting of Stathmopodidae, Scythrididae, Ashinagidae, Blastobasidae and Momphidae. Moreover, geometric morphometric analyses using merged landmark data set from fore and hind wings of 118 representative species are conducted. The phenetic tree shows that the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships correspond with the results of molecular phylogeny largely, which well proves its importance and potential application in both phylogenetic reconstruction and species identification.
Evidence for temperature‐mediated regional increases in cerebral blood flow during exercise
Authors: Caldwell Hannah G. , Coombs Geoff B. , Howe Connor A. , Hoiland Ryan L. , Patrician Alexander , Lucas Samuel J.E. , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: January 2020

Key points
Aerobic exercise elicits increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF), as well as core body temperature; however, the isolated influence of temperature on CBF regulation during exercise has not been investigated
The present study assessed CBF regulation and neurovascular coupling during submaximal cycling exercise and temperature‐matched passive heat stress during isocapnia (i.e. end‐tidal was held constant)
Submaximal cycling exercise and temperature‐matched passive heat stress provoked ∼16% increases in vertebral artery blood flow, independent of changes in end‐tidal and blood pressure
External carotid artery blood flow increased by ∼43% during both exercise and passive heat stress, with no change in internal carotid artery blood flow
Neurovascular coupling (i.e. the relationship between local increases in cerebral metabolism and appropriately matched increases in regional cerebral blood flow) is preserved during both exercise and temperature‐matched passive heat stress
AbstractAcute moderate‐intensity exercise increases core temperature (Tc; +0.7‐0.8°C); however, such exercise increases cerebral blood flow (CBF; +10‐20%) mediated via small elevations in arterial and metabolism. The present study aimed to isolate the role of Tc from on CBF regulation during submaximal exercise. Healthy adults (n = 11; 10 males/one female; 26 ± 4 years) participated in two interventions each separated by ≥48 h: (i) 60 min of semi‐recumbent cycling (EX; 50% workload max) and (ii) 75 min of passive heat stress (HS; 49°C water‐perfused suit) to match the exercise‐induced increases in Tc (EX: Δ0.75 ± 0.33°C vs. HS: Δ0.77 ± 0.33°C, P = 0.855). Blood flow (Q) in the internal and external carotid arteries (ICA and ECA, respectively) and vertebral artery (VA) (Duplex ultrasound) was measured. End‐tidal and were effectively clamped to resting values within each condition. The QICA was unchanged with EX and HS interventions (P = 0.665), consistent with the unchanged end‐tidal (P = 0.327); whereas, QVA was higher throughout both EX and HS (EX: Δ16 ± 21% vs. HS: Δ16 ± 23%, time effect: P = 0.006) with no between condition differences (P = 0.785). These increases in QVA contributed to higher global CBF throughout both EX and HS (EX: Δ12 ± 20% vs. HS: Δ14 ± 14%, time effect: P = 0.029; condition effect: P = 0.869). The QECA increased throughout both EX and HS (EX: Δ42 ± 58% vs. HS: Δ53 ± 28%, time effect: P < 0.001; condition effect: P = 0.628). Including blood pressure as a covariate did not alter these CBF findings (all P > 0.05). Overall, these data provide new evidence for temperature‐mediated elevations in posterior CBF during exercise that are independent of changes in and blood pressure.
Non‐additive effects of adjunct erythropoietin therapy with therapeutic hypothermia after global cerebral ischaemia in near‐term fetal sheep
Authors: Wassink Guido , Davidson Joanne O. , Fraser Mhoyra , Yuill Caroline A. , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J. 
Published: January 2020

Key points
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rEpo) is neuroprotective in immature animals, but it is unclear whether the combination of high‐dose rEpo therapy with therapeutic hypothermia can further improve outcomes.
Hypothermia and rEpo independently improved neuronal survival, with greater improvement with hypothermia, and similarly reduced numbers of caspase‐3 positive cells and reactive microglia after 7 days recovery.
Hypothermia, but not rEpo, was associated with markedly improved EEG power, whereas both interventions improved recovery of EEG frequency.
There was no significant improvement in any outcome after combined rEpo and hypothermia compared with hypothermia alone, and of concern, the combination was associated with increased numbers of cortical caspase‐3‐positive cells compared with ischaemia‐hypothermia.
These data suggest that the mechanisms of neuroprotection with hypothermia and rEpo overlap and, thus, high‐dose rEpo infusion does not appear to be an effective adjunct therapy for therapeutic hypothermia.
AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) provides incomplete neuroprotection. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rEpo) is neuroprotective in immature animals, but it is unclear whether adjunct rEpo therapy with therapeutic hypothermia can further improve outcomes. Near‐term fetal sheep received sham‐ischaemia (n = 9) or global cerebral ischaemia for 30 min (ischaemia‐vehicle, n = 8), followed by intravenous infusion of rEpo (ischaemia‐Epo, n = 8; 5000 U/kg loading dose, then 833.3 U/kg/h), cerebral hypothermia (ischaemia‐hypothermia, n = 8), or rEpo plus hypothermia (ischaemia‐Epo‐hypothermia, n = 8), from 3 to 72 h post ischaemia. Fetal brains were collected 7 days after cerebral ischaemia. Cerebral ischaemia was associated with severe neuronal loss and microglial induction in the parasagittal cortex and subcortical regions. Hypothermia reduced overall neuronal loss, cortical caspase‐3 and reactive microglia in the striatum and cortex, with greater recovery of electroencephalographic (EEG) power and spectral edge (SEF) from 48 h onwards. rEpo independently improved neuronal survival in the parasagittal cortex, hippocampal CA4 and thalamus, and reduced cortical caspase‐3 and activated microglia in striatal and cortical areas, with greater SEF from 120 h onwards. However, ischaemia‐Epo‐hypothermia did not further improve outcomes compared with ischaemia‐hypothermia and was associated with increased numbers of cortical caspase‐3‐positive cells. These findings suggest that although delayed, prolonged treatment with both hypothermia and rEpo are independently neuroprotective, they have overlapping anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic mechanisms, such that the delayed, high‐dose rEpo infusion for 3 days did not materially augment neuroprotection with therapeutic hypothermia.
Verification and Validation of Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Water Collectors Performance Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Sridharan M. , Jayaprakash G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe performance of the solar photovoltaic (PV) module is more sensitive to its operating temperature. A PV module with a cooling system produces higher electrical power output than a PV module without a cooling system. In addition, the PV module with the integrated cooling system is capable of generating electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. Such an integrated (hybrid) system is termed as a solar photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system. When two or more collectors connected in series as a mean to have higher output, then such a system is termed as series-connected PV/T water collectors. This study presents two fuzzy inference systems (FISs), namely, Mamdani and Sugeno, for predicting the performance of series-connected PV/T water collectors. The set of rules was framed individually for both models in a way to predict the power output of PV/T water collectors in an inaccurate manner. The predicted results by inference systems are compared with experimental values to check their prediction accuracies. The accuracy of such a proposed Mamdani and Sugeno FIS is 95.67% and 99.92%.
Non-Linear Radiation, Chemical Reaction, and Soret/Dufour Effects on Magnetohydrodynamic Natural Convection About a Permeable Horizontal Circular Cylinder in Non-Darcy Porous Media With Heat Source/Sink
Authors: Yih Kuo-Ann , Huang Chuo-Jeng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear radiation, chemical reaction, and Soret/Dufour effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection about a permeable horizontal circular cylinder in non-Darcy porous media with heat source/sink are numerically analyzed. The surface of the horizontal circular cylinder is subjected to uniform wall temperature and uniform wall concentration (UWT/UWC). The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless, non-similar forms using suitable non-dimensional variables and then solved using Keller box method (KBM). Comparisons with previously published work are performed, and the results are found to be in an excellent agreement. Numerical data of the dimensionless temperature profile, the dimensionless concentration profile, the Nusselt number, and the Sherwood number are presented in graphic and tabular forms for the main parameters. The physical aspects of the problem are discussed in detail. The Nusselt number increases with increasing the Soret parameter, radiation parameter, and surface temperature ratio. Increasing the Dufour parameter, radiation parameter, surface temperature ratio, coefficient of space-dependent internal heat generation/absorption, and dimensionless chemical reaction parameter enhances the Sherwood number.
Characterization of Spatially Graded Biomechanical Scaffolds
Authors: Hugenberg Nicholas R. , Dong Li , Cooper James A. , Corr David T. , Oberai Assad A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Advances in fabrication have allowed tissue engineers to better mimic complex structures and tissue interfaces by designing nanofibrous scaffolds with spatially graded material properties. However, the nonuniform properties that grant the desired biomechanical function also make these constructs difficult to characterize. In light of this, we developed a novel procedure to create graded nanofibrous scaffolds and determine the spatial distribution of their material properties. Multilayered nanofiber constructs were synthesized, controlling spatial gradation of the stiffness to mimic the soft tissue gradients found in tendon or ligament tissue. Constructs were characterized using uniaxial tension testing with digital image correlation (DIC) to measure the displacements throughout the sample, in a noncontacting fashion, as it deformed. Noise was removed from the displacement data using principal component analysis (PCA), and the final denoised field served as the input to an inverse elasticity problem whose solution determines the spatial distribution of the Young's modulus throughout the material, up to a multiplicative factor. Our approach was able to construct, characterize, and determine the spatially varying moduli, in four electrospun scaffolds, highlighting its great promise for analyzing tissues and engineered constructs with spatial gradations in modulus, such as those at the interfaces between two disparate tissues (e.g., myotendinous junction, tendon- and ligament-to-bone entheses).
Validated Computational Framework for Evaluation of In Vivo Knee Mechanics
Authors: Ali Azhar A. , Mannen Erin M. , Rullkoetter Paul J. , Shelburne Kevin B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Dynamic, in vivo evaluations of knee mechanics are important for understanding knee injury and repair, and developing successful treatments. Computational models have been used with in vivo experiments to quantify joint mechanics, but they are typically not predictive. The current study presents a novel integrated approach with high-speed stereo radiography, musculoskeletal modeling, and finite element (FE) modeling for evaluation of subject-specific, in vivo knee mechanics in a healthy subject performing a seated knee extension and weight-bearing lunge. Whole-body motion capture, ground reaction forces, and radiography-based kinematics were used to drive musculoskeletal and predictive FE models for load-controlled simulation of in vivo knee mechanics. A predictive simulation of knee mechanics was developed in four stages: (1) in vivo measurements of one subject performing a lunge and a seated knee extension, (2) rigid-body musculoskeletal modeling to determine muscle forces, (3) FE simulation of knee extension for knee-ligament calibration, and (4) predictive FE simulation of a lunge. FE models predicted knee contact and ligament mechanics and evaluated the impact of cruciate ligament properties on joint kinematics and loading. Calibrated model kinematics demonstrated good agreement to the experimental motion with root-mean-square differences of tibiofemoral flexion–extension &lt;3 deg, internal–external &lt;4 deg, and anterior–posterior &lt;2 mm. Ligament reference strain and attachment locations were the most critical properties in the calibration process. The current work advances previous in vivo knee modeling through simulation of dynamic activities, modeling of subject-specific knee behavior, and development of a load-controlled knee model.
Guaranteed Continuity and Computational Improvement in SDRE Controllers for Cancer Treatment Analysis
Authors: Lin Li-Gang , Xin Ming 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study provides a novel analysis and design of the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) control in cancer treatment application. The key assumption to ensure continuous SDRE controllers—in terms of the solvability of pointwise Riccati equations—is replaced by a simplified equivalent condition, which largely alleviates the computational burden. At the discontinuities, an alternative solution is novelly suggested, because the conventional/empirical α−parameterization technique to seek a continuous SDRE implementation without breakdowns is analyzed to be ineffective, which is the first counterexample in literature. Representatively, among discontinuities, an objective conflict against tumor eradication is discovered. Another value of the proposed analysis is supported by the generality demonstrations, in various fields beyond biomedical systems. Finally, the robustness of SDRE scheme to parameter variations is established via simulations, which more promotes the alternative solution as applied throughout the treatment course.
Visual Investigation on the Arc Burning Behaviors and Features in Underwater Wet FCAW
Authors: Yang Qingyuan , Han Yanfei , Jia Chuanbao , Dong Shengfa , Wu Chuansong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe dynamic arc behaviors have a significant effect on the process stability and welded joint quality in underwater wet flux-cored arc welding (FCAW). In this study, clear underwater arc images are obtained by using a high-speed camera, which further reveal the complex physical process of underwater wet welding. The mechanism of underwater contact arc ignition is described in detail. Gas ionization and electron emission processes are carried out in bubbles generated by resistance heat. The dynamic arc behaviors are obviously different between bubble growth and separation stages. The high-speed gas flow in the bubble separation stage has a great disturbance to the arc. The arc shapes under water and in air under the same parameters are compared, and the mechanism of arc column shrinkage and arc length shortening is revealed from the aspects of water environment cooling, gas composition in bubbles, disturbance of gas flow, water pressure, and electric field strength.
Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels and ASME RTP-1–Reinforced Thermoset Plastic Corrosion-Resistance Equipment
Authors: Conlisk Peter , Shelley Bernard F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter is intended primarily for engineers and designers whose experience with vessels is primarily with metal equipment. Those having experience with fiberglass equipment but not with Section X or RTP-1 will also find this chapter useful. Section X is part of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and governs vessels constructed of thermosetting resin reinforced with glass fibers and vessels reinforced with carbon or aramid fibers. The chapter is intended to serve as a manual on the use of Section X and RTP-1. The pressure scope of Section X is 15 psig to 15,000 psig internal pressure. RTP-1 covers tanks and vessels with design pressures of 0–5 psig. The chapter begins with a discussion on the basics of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) technology used in RTP-1 and Section X that may not be familiar to engineers and designers of metal vessels. It describes the resins and reinforcing fibers included in RTP-1 and Section X. The chapter then discusses the following processes used to manufacture RTP-1 and Section X vessels: contact molding, bag molding, centrifugal casting, and filament winding. The joining of vessel parts made by these methods is also discussed. The chapter describes ways to treat the two factors that complicate the stress analysis of FRP vessels. The scope of Section X and RTP-1 is covered next. It then looks at the design qualification of Section X, Class I, Class II, Class III, and RTP-1 vessels. In addition, it presents an example of a Section X Design Specification and its calculations as well as RTP-1 design examples. The chapter closes with a discussion on the quality assurance requirements of Section X and RTP-1.
Attenuation of Lower Body Acceleration in Overweight and Healthy-Weight Children During Running
Authors: Tirosh Oren , Orland Guy , Eliakim Alon , Nemet Dan , Steinberg Nili 
Published: January 2020

This study aimed to identify differences in ground impact shock attenuation between overweight and healthy-weight children during running. Twenty overweight children aged 8.4 (1.1) years and 12 healthy-weight children aged 10.7 (1.3) years ran on a treadmill (120% of baseline speed) while wearing 2 inertial sensors located on their distal tibia and lower back (L3). Peak acceleration attenuation coefficient at foot contact and transfer function of the acceleration were calculated. Peak positive acceleration values were not significantly different between the overweight children and healthy-weight children (3.98 [1.17] g and 3.71 [0.84] g, respectively, P = .49). Children with healthy weight demonstrated significant greater attenuation as evident by greater peak acceleration attenuation coefficient (35.4 [19.3] and 11.9 [27.3], respectively, P < .05) and lower transfer function of the acceleration values (−3.8 [1.9] and −1.2 [1.5], respectively, P < .05). Despite the nonsignificant differences between groups in tibia acceleration at foot–ground impact that was found in the current study, the shock absorption of overweight children was reduced compared with their healthy-weight counterparts.
Preferences for everyday living inventory (PELI): study protocol for piloting a culture-sensitive and setting-specific translated instrument in German care settings (PELI-D)
Authors: Stacke Tobias Ingo , Bergmann Johannes Michael , Ströbel Armin Michael , Müller-Widmer René , Purwins Daniel , Manietta Christina , Rommerskirch Mike , Nebowsky Anna-Eva , Wegner Anne , White Jane , Kelleter Heidemarie , Ralic Nada , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Roes Martina 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionRegardless of the healthcare setting, person-centred care and its implementation in caring for older people are a central issue for those who are responsible as professional caregivers and for those in need of care within the care process. Both aspects encompass the possibility of recognising personal preferences. To provide person-centred care, professional caregivers need to know about the individual preferences of the persons being cared for. Therefore, the PELI (an acronym for ‘Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory’) instrument was developed at the Polisher Research Institute (USA) for the systematic recording of individual preferences of older people in need of care. There is currently no comparable instrument available in the German language.MethodsAs part of the proposed project PELI-D, all versions of the original PELI instrument (nursing home version) were (1) culture-sensitively translated into German and will be (2) examined in a pilot study for their reliability, feasibility and practicability. For the project PELI-D, we worked together with our practice partners in Germany (Diaconia and Caritas in North Rhine-Westphalia) and collaborated with our partners in the USA who developed the PELI instrument. This study protocol focuses on the pilot study, which will be conducted by the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (site Witten).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the internal quality control committee of the DZNE (ID number: WI029 PELI-D) and by the ethics committee of the German Society of Nursing Science Duisburg branch office (ID number: 18-010). All personal information will be deidentified with a specific identification code and stored in a secured location apart from the rest of the study data. Only qualified and study-related staff will be allowed access to the data. The results of the study will be distributed nationally and internationally through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and journals for nursing care practice.