bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated Carbon/MoO3: Efficient Catalyst for Green Synthesis of Chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and Xanthenones
Authors: Mehr Niloofar Sabet , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Afsharpour Maryam 
Published: September 2020

Background:Nanoscale metal oxide catalysts have been extensively employed in organic reactions because they have been found to influence the chemical and physical properties of bulk material. The chromene (benzopyran) nucleus constitutes the core structure in a major class of many biologically active compounds, and interest in their chemistry consequently continues because of their numerous biological activities. The xanthene (dibenzopyran) derivatives are classified as highly significant compounds which display a number of various bioactive properties. Pyrimidinones have also gained interest due to their remarkable biological utilization, such as antiviral, antibacterial, antihypertensive, antitumor, and calcium blockers effects.Objective:The aim of this work presented herein was to prepare activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite and explore its role as a green and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and xanthenones under ethanol-drop grinding at room temperature.Methods:The activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite was prepared successfully via a simple route in which the carbonization of gums as new natural precursors was used for the synthesis of activated carbon. This nanocomposite was then effectively used in a reaction of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenol, aromatic aldehydes, and active methylene compounds, including 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and dimedone, to synthesize a series of chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and xanthenones in high yields. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Powder x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and also by TGA analysis. Confirmation of the structures of compounds 5(a-g) and 6(a-g) were also established with IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic data and also by elemental analyses.Results:A number of 6,8-dimethyl-10-phenyl-6,10-dihydro-7H-[1,3]dioxolo[4´,5´:6,7]chromeno[2,3- d]pyrimidine-7,9(8H)-diones and 7,7-dimethyl-10-(4-methylphenyl)-6,7,8,10-tetrahydro-9H-[1,3]dioxolo[ 4,5-b]xanthen-9-ones were effectively synthesized using activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite (0.05 gr) as a catalyst under ethanol-drop grinding at room temperature. The desired products were obtained in high yields (93-97%) within short reaction times (15-20 min).Conclusion:This paper investigates the catalytic potential of the synthesized activated carbon/MoO3 nanocomposite for the preparation of chromeno[d]pyrimidinediones and xanthenones under the ethanol-drop grinding procedure. The mildness of the reaction conditions, high yields of products, short reaction times, experimental simplicity, and avoiding the use of harmful solvents or reagents makes this procedure preferable for the synthesis of these compounds.
An Efficient, Green, Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Benzo[a]furo[2, 3-c]phenazine Derivatives with TiO2-SO3H as Cost-effective and Recyclable Catalyst under Solventfree Conditions
Authors: Taheri Milad , Mohebat Razieh , Moslemin Mohammad Hossein 
Published: September 2020

Background:
A rapid, efficient, and environmentally benign procedure for the synthesis of novel furo
[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives has been developed via reactions of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, arylglyoxals,
and indole in the presence of TiO2-SO3H-catalyst (TSAC) as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst under solventfree
conditions using microwave irradiation.

Introduction:
This study describes a successful approach for the synthesis of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1H-indol-3-
yl) benzo[a]furo[2,3-c] phenazine in the presence of TiO2-SO3H-catalyst using microwave irradiation.

Objective:
In this paper, we report an efficient and convenient method for the synthesis of phenazine derivatives
from benzo[a]phenazin-5-ol, arylglyoxal derivatives, and indoles in the presence of TiO2-SO3H-catalyst under
microwave irradiation.

Materials and Methods:
All reagents and solvents were purchased from Merck and Aldrich and used without
further purification. 1H NMR spectra (DMSO) were recorded on the Gemini-500 MHz spectrophotometer with
TMS as an internal standard.

Results and Discussion:
To investigate the reaction conditions for the synthesis of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(1Hindol-
3-yl) benzo[a]furo [2, 3-c] phenazine derivatives, we performed a reaction between 2-hydroxynaphthalene-
1,4-dione (1 mmol) and aromatic 1,2-diamines (1 mmol) as a model.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated a green and straightforward procedure for the efficient synthesis of novel benzo[
a]furo[2, 3-c] phenazine derivatives in high yields via a one-pot, four-component domino protocol by using
TiO2-SO3H as a mild, effective, non-toxic, and inexpensive solid acid catalyst without the addition of an organic
co-solvent.
The Chemistry of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-ones as a Privileged Scaffold in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Gomaa Mohsen A.-M. , Ali Huda A. 
Published: September 2020

Background :The reactivity of 4-(dicyanomethylene)-3-methyl-l-phenyl-2-pyrazoline-5-one DCNP 1 and its derivatives makes it valuable as a building block for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds like pyrazolo- imidazoles, -thiazoles, spiropyridines, spiropyrroles, spiropyrans, and others. As a number of publications have reported on the reactivity of DCNP and its derivatives, we compiled some features of this interesting molecule.Objective:This article aims to review the preparation of DCNP, its reactivity, and application in heterocyclic and dyes synthesis.Conclusion:In this review, we have provided an overview of recent progress in the chemistry of DCNP and its significance in the synthesis of various classes of heterocyclic compounds and dyes. The unique reactivity of DCNP offers unprecedentedly mild reaction conditions for the generation of versatile cynomethylene dyes from a wide range of precursors, including amines, α-aminocarboxylic acids, their esters, phenols, malononitriles, and azacrown ethers. We anticipate that more innovative transformations involving DCNP will continue to emerge in the near future.
The Smart Dual-Stimuli Responsive Nanoparticles for Controlled Anti-Tumor Drug Release and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Feng , Qiu Fei , Wai-Keong Siew A. , Diao Yong 
Published: September 2020

Background:
In recent years, the emergence of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles has made drug delivery
more efficient. As an intelligent and effective targeted delivery platform, it can reduce the side effects
generated during drug transportation while enhancing the treatment efficacy. The stimuli-responsive nanoparticles
can respond to different stimuli at corresponding times and locations to deliver and release their drugs and
associated therapeutic effects.

Objective:
This review aims to inform researchers on the latest advances in the application of dual-stimuli responsive
nanoparticles in precise drug delivery, with special attention to their design, drug release properties,
and therapeutic effects. Syntheses of nanoparticles with simultaneous or sequential responses to two or more
stimuli (pH-redox, pH-light, redox-light, temperature-magnetic, pH-redox-temperature, redox-enzyme-light,
etc.) and the applications of such responsivity properties for drugs control and release have become a hot topic
of recent research.

Methods:
A database of relevant information for the production of this review was sourced, screened and analyzed
from Pubmed, Web of Science, SciFinder by searching for the following keywords: “dual-stimuli responsive”,
“controlled release”, “cancer therapy”, “synergistic treatment”.

Results:
Notably, the nanoparticles with dual-stimuli responsive function have an excellent control effect on
drug delivery and release, playing a crucial part in the treatment of tumors. They can improve the encapsulation
and delivery efficiency of hydrophobic chemotherapy drugs, combine chemo-photothermal therapies, apply
imaging function in the diagnosis of tumors and even conduct multi-drug delivery to overcome Multi-Drug
Resistance (MDR).

Conclusion:
With the development of smart dual-stimuli responsive nanoparticles, cancer treatment methods
have become more diverse and effective. All the stimuli-responsive nanoparticles functionalities exhibit their
characteristics individually within the single nanosystem.
Human Brain Disorders: A Review
Authors: Naz Falaq , Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Due to the stressful life, brain disorders are considered as a significant global healthcare problem. It has generated a great need for continuous research for understanding brain structure as well as functions in context to health and diseases.

Scope and Approach:
The structure and functions of the brain were questioned and studied since Ancient Greek times and led to the compilation of enormous information on the subject globally. With the advent of new technology, the researchers are able to discover the causes of brain diseases/disorders.

Conclusion:
In the present review, we have compiled various diseases and disorders related to the brain, along with their symptoms and the treatment strategies.
Pharmacological Aspects of Phyllanthus fraternus Standardized Extract (Rich in Lignans and Tannins) as a Pain Modulator
Authors: Chopade Atul R. , Patil Pramod A. , Mali Suraj N. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The standardized extracts of P. fraternus were previously reported by us for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-arthritic biological potentials. However, we have not reported for a consequence of P. fraternus on chronic inflammatory muscle hyperalgesia. Herein, we have demonstrated chronic pain modulating effect of standardized extracts of P. fraternus.

Materials and Methods:
Firstly, we have collected various parts of P. fraternus plant including the dried stems, leaves, and roots. In order to produce chronic inflammations, we further allowed injection to the left gastrocnemius muscle belly of rats with a freshly prepared solution of 3% carrageenan in normal saline (100µL). Thermal/heat hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia and muscle circumferences were determined in the current experimental model. In order to estimate, chronic pain modulating potential of P. fraternus, we have also studied histopathological studies and measurement of prostaglandin E-2 (PGE2).

Results:
After administration of 3% carrageenan intramuscular injection, we investigated the chronic thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity of aforementioned test sample i.e. standardized extracts of P. fraternus in terms of adopting 2 gradual dosings of 200 and 400 mg/kg (administered intraperitoneally) from day 14th to 22nd. From our study, we observed significant antihyperalgesic activity; when we allowed administering standardized extracts of P. fraternus intraperitoneally.

Conclusion:
To conclude, we have investigated the antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory potentials of standardized extracts of P. fraternus. These effects might be having mediation via supraspinal or spinal neuronal mechanisms, and mainly observed due to evidence of PGE2 inhibitions.
Epidemiological situation of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Rostov region: analysis and forecast
Authors: Kovalev E. V. , Tverdokhlebova T. I. , Karpushenko G. V. , Erganova E. G. , Agafonova V. V. , Ryndich A. A. , Suladze A. G. , Kolpakov D. S. , Dolgova N. N. , Aleksanina N. V. , Aleshukina A. V. , Litovko A. R. , Aleshukin G. S. , Denisenko V. V. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: monitoring, analysis and forecast of the spread of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Rostov region.Materials and methods: analysis of data on the incidence of COVID-19 in the Rostov region, obtained on the basis of agencies: Department of the Federal service for supervision of consumer protection and human welfare in the Rostov region, Center of hygiene and epidemiology in Rostov region, Rostov research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, as well as the monitoring of information on the Internet sites of the Government of the Rostov region and the regional headquarters for the fight against the spread of COVID-19. Application of the SEIR analytical platform to build a mathematical model for predicting the spread of infection in the Rostov region.Results: the article presents an analysis of the epidemiological situation for the incidence of COVID-19 in the Rostov region, analyzes the effectiveness of preventive and anti-epidemic measures with the ability to predict the development of the epidemiological process in the region.
Sanitary and parasitological monitoring of environmental objects in the Rostov region
Authors: Tverdokhlebova T. I. , Dimidova L. L. , Khutoryanina I. V. , Chernikova M. P. , Dumbadze O. S. , Коvalev E. V. , Karpushchenko G. V. , Nenadskaya S. A. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: to study the sanitary condition of various environmental objects of the Rostov region and the degree of their contamination.Materials and methods: in the period from 2015 to 2019, more than 5600 sanitary and parasitological studies of environmental objects of the Rostov region were performed on the basis of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology: waste water and its precipitation, soil, water of open surface reservoirs. The work was carried out in accordance with the accepted normative documents.Results: it was found that 33.4 % of all tested samples were positive, and 1.4% of the samples contained viable eggs of various pathogens of helminthiasis and did not meet the requirements of regulatory documents.Conclusions: the results of the study indicate that the environmental objects of the Rostov region are polluted with parasitic pathogens and their unsatisfactory sanitary and parasitological condition.
The Chicago Group of Four That Changed Accounting Research
Authors: Takeshima Sadaharu , Sorter George H. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This manuscript provides a historical account of the “Chicago Group of Four,” namely, Sidney Davidson, Charles T. Horngren, David O. Green, and George H. Sorter, and describes their activities and individual roles based on Sorter's autobiography in 2019. The Chicago group was a major source of accounting innovation, both initiating the empirical research conferences at The University of Chicago and establishing the Journal of Accounting Research.
Stem Biomass Equation of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake
Authors: Patabang Melewanto , Dising Julianus , Adrin Adrin , Almulqu Aah Ahmad 
Published: September 2020

Eucalyptus urophylla is one of the typical plants of the Province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia whose distribution includes the islands of Timor, Alor, Wetor, Flores, Adonara, Lomblen, and Pantar. The best land for the growth of E. urophylla is an area with rainfall above 1000 mm every year. E. urophylla dominate the island of Timor hence the potential to absorb carbon and store it in biomass as part of climate change mitigation. This study aims to determine the allometric equation model to predict the potential of E. urophylla stem biomass. Calculation of the amount of stem biomass based on allometric equations is an analytical method used in this study. The sample trees used in equation modeling is 100 trees as a result of the inventory. The equations that can be used to estimate the biomass potential of the stem of E. urophylla in Timor Island were ln = -2.12 + 2.472 ln ( ) and (R2= 0.98); ln = -3.617 + 1.046 ln and (R2= 0.99); and ln = -3.510 + 2.157 ln ( ) + 0.983 ln and (R2= 0.99). The stem biomass potential with the model I amounting to 276.877 tons ha-1, model II of 279.671 tons ha-1, and model III of 280.209 tons ha-1.
Synergism of Phage фPT1b and Antibiotics for Reducing Infection of Escherichia coli
Authors: Narulita Erlia , Aji Gerda Permata , Wahono Bevo , Murdiyah Siti , Yulian Ria 
Published: September 2020

Foodborne disease caused by Escherichia coli contamination is increasing every year. It also followed by elevating of drug-resistance of E. coli. Bacteriophage can be an alternative for therapy infection. This study aimed to determine synergism effect of bacteriophage ϕPT1b which has a high rate virulence to E. coli and phage-antibiotics (tetracycline and amoxicillin) synergy. The indigenous bacteria isolates were KR, MJ, KP, PT, PR. Five bacteriophages used namely ϕKR1b, ϕKR2, ϕPT1a, ϕPT1b, and ϕMJ1b. Virulence test was used to determine the ability of each phage in reducing E. coli. Treatment to examine synergism of phage ϕPT1b and antibiotics were P1: amoxicillin, P2: ϕPT1b, P3: ϕPT1b + Amx = 1:1, P4 : ϕPT1b + Amx = 2:1, P5: ϕPT1b + Amx = 1:2, P6 : tetracycline, P2: ϕPT1b, P7: ϕPT1b + Tet = 1:1, P8 : ϕPT1b + Tet = 2:1, and P9: ϕPT1b + Tet = 1:2. The virulence test showed that isolate ϕPT1a with 106 CFU/ml had the highest ability in reducing E. coli. While, the result of synergism test indicated that the synergism of bacteriophage and antibiotics differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05). The best ratios of synergism were 1:1 (ϕPT1b+tetracycline) and 2:1 (ϕPT1b+amoxicilline). In summarize, phage-antibiotic synergy (ϕPT1b with tetracycline/amoxicilline) can reduce the level of antibiotic resistance in isolated E. coli.
IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM PADA PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI SULAPA EPPA
Authors: Kusyairi Umi , Sartika Ika Dewi , Hidayah Husnul , Hartati Sri , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses perencanaan, pelaksanaan atau penerapan, dan pengembangan kurikulum di PAUD Sulapa Eppa Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah PAUD Sulapa Eppa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik indepth interview (wawancara mendalam), observasi, dokumentasi dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Perencanaan kurikulum dilakukan setiap semester, di rancang jauh sebelum proses pembelajaran, serta di evaluasi setiap semester. Perencanaan kurikulum di PAUD Sulapa Eppa dilakukan dengan mengadaptasi kurikulum SISDIKNAS yang diintegrasikan dengan Visi dan Misi sekolah, serta unsur manusia pada PAUD Sulapa Eppa itu sendiri lalu di cantumkan ke dalam kurikulum. 2) Pelaksanaan kurikulum PAUD Sulapa Eppa tetap mengacu pada kurikulum nasional, namun memiliki ciri khas khusus yaitu penekanan pada empat muatan karakter: a) macca (pintar), b) malempu (jujur), c) warani (berani) dan d) magetteng (teguh pendirian) yang harus ada di setiap pelaksanaan tema pembelajaran. 3) Pengembangan kurikulum PAUD Sulapa Eppa sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak, jika memiliki kemampuan pemahaman yang cepat, maka materi pembelajaran akan di tambah. Kurikulum SISDIKNAS tidak langsung di terapkan dalam pembelajaran, namun di analisis dan di evaluasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak untuk semester selanjutnya.
Troponina Elevada e Lesão Miocárdica em Doentes Internados em Medicina Interna : Significado Diagnóstico e Prognóstico
Authors: Carrington Mafalda , Jacinto Margarida , Sousa Ana , Sant'Anna Joana , Muñoz José , Tribolet de Abreu Tiago 
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A elevação de troponina é frequente nos doentes internados. O seu significado e classificação (lesão miocárdica crónica versus aguda versus enfarte agudo de miocárdio (EAM), quer tipo 1, quer tipo 2) não se encontram esclarecidos. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar o significado e classificar as elevações de troponina em doentes internados numa enfermaria de Medicina Interna.
Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de doentes internados, num período de dois anos, numa enfermaria de Medicina Interna, a quem foram pedidos, pelo menos, 2 doseamentos de troponina I, ao critério do médico assistente, e que tiveram pelo menos um valor acima do limite de referência de 0,1 ng/ mL. A população foi caracterizada quanto à demografia, factores de risco cardiovascular, antecedentes clínicos, achados clínicos e laboratoriais, terapêutica efectuada e prognóstico. Foi interpretada a elevação de troponina de acordo com a quarta definição de EAM.
Resultados: Foram incluídos 90 doentes, com idade média de 83 anos (± 8,1), sendo 52% do sexo masculino. Cumpriram critérios de EAM 60 doentes (66%), sendo que os restantes 30 doentes (33%) eram classificáveis como lesão miocárdica aguda, sem EAM. Não encontrámos diferenças clínicas, no tratamento e prognóstico entre estes dois grupos de doentes, à excepção da idade (84 ± 7 vs 81 ± 10 anos, respectivamente, p = 0,039). Os doentes tinham um performance status baixo (43% ECOG 3 ou 4), hipertensão arterial (89%), insuficiência cardíaca (51%), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (50%), insuficiência renal crónica (35%), fibrilhação auricular ou flutter (35%) e enfarte agudo de miocárdio prévio (33%). A apresentação clínica incluiu dispneia em 44% e dor torácica em 13%. À data da alta, 64% dos doentes foram medicados com estatina e 58% com pelo menos um anti-agregante plaquetário. A morte ocorreu durante o internamento em 17%, sendo que a mortalidade a 30 dias foi de 27% e a um ano de 51%.
Conclusão: Neste estudo, verificámos que, dos doentes com elevação de troponina compatível com lesão miocárdica internados numa enfermaria de Medicina Interna, 66% cumpriam os critérios de definição de EAM, enquanto os restantes 33% tinham lesão miocárdica aguda, sem EAM. À excepção da idade (mais elevada nos doentes com EAM) não houve diferença significativa nas características clínicas, abordagem ou prognóstico entre os dois grupos. Os doentes eram idosos e frágeis, com múltiplas comorbilidades, tendo a morte ocorrido duran-te o internamento em 17%, aos 30 dias em 27% e ao 1 ano em 51%, apesar de prescrição de estatina em 64% e de antiagregação em 60%.
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MISKIN
Authors: Haris Muhammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstact
Purpose of the study was to determine the problematics empowering poor. Research uses the literature review method, collecting data using a literacy analysis related to the empowerment process and observing empowerment programs. Results of the study explained that the problem of empowering poor people occurred in empowering time efficiency, understanding the empowerment programs. The factors causing these problems are: a). the lack of synchronization between central and practitioner empowerment planning. b). not yet in accordance with the application of the empowerment method in the midst of diversity. c). the use of the old paradigm in community empowerment. d). understanding of cultural values that are cloused.

Keywords: Problems, Empowerment, Poor

Abstrak
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui problematika pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin. Penelitian menggunakan metode kajian pustaka, pengumpulan data menggunakan analisis literasi yang berkaitan dengan proses pemberdayan dan melakukan observasi pada program-program pemberdayaan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan problematika pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin terjadi pada efisiensi waktu pemberdayaan,pemahaman paradigma pemberdayaan, penggunaan metode pemberdayaan, penggunaan materi pemberdayaan, program pemberdayaan tidak berkelanjutan. Adapun faktor penyebab problematika tersebut yaitu: a). belum singkronnya perencanaan pemberdayaan pusat dan praktisi. b). belum sesuai penerapan metode pemberdayaan di tengah keberagaman. c). penggunaan paradigma lama dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat. d). pemahaman nilai budaya yang tertutup.

Kata Kunci: Problematika, Pemberdayaan, Masyarakat Miskin