bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualified but not yet fully competent: perceptions of recent veterinary graduates on their day‐one skills
Authors: Duijn Chantal , Bok Harold , ten Cate Olle , Kremer Wim 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe goal of veterinary education is to prepare learners to successfully enter the profession. However, the transition from learner to professional can be an intense and stressful phase. In this study, recently graduated veterinarians’ perceptions of readiness to work independently and to successfully cope with early career challenges are addressed.MethodsA survey based on five commonly occurring entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in primary care was sent to newly qualified veterinarians (graduated between six months and three‐and‐a‐half years ago and working in primary veterinary clinics). The survey was a combination of open and Likert scale‐type questions and contained items on the self‐reported need for supervision for these EPAs. One hundred and fifty‐six participants (response rate 41.2 per cent) answered the survey. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse and present the quantitative data.ResultsThe day‐one after graduation levels varied per EPA between ‘with direct, proactive supervision’ and ‘supervision at a distance’. On average after 6.8 months participants felt ready to execute all five tasks with distant supervision. After almost 10 months, participants had the feeling of being fully competent to execute the EPAs unsupervised.ConclusionThis study provides insight into early career challenges faced by recently graduated veterinarians. The results emphasise the importance of adequate preparation of veterinarians during education and the importance of guidance during early career to foster a successful transition from veterinary school to clinical practice.
Ultrasound of the normal canine supraspinatus tendon: comparison with gross anatomy and histology
Authors: Lassaigne Caroline Chloe , Boyer Charlotte , Sautier Lucile , Taeymans Olivier 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThis study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic and histological features of the supraspinatus tendon (ST) and its peculiar appearance in contrast with the biceps brachii tendon.MethodsFor this purpose, 19 non‐lame dog cadavers were subjected to an ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of both shoulders after postmortem examination.ResultsClose to their insertion on the greater tubercle, all STs displayed a widened portion with a deep central hypoechoic area lacking a fibrillar pattern, when compared with its more proximal aspect and adjacent biceps brachii. Histologically this deep portion corresponded to poorly organised collagen bundles interspersed within a myxoid substance mainly composed of mucopolysaccharides. This central myxoid area with collagen disarray was responsible for the reduced echogenicity on ultrasound.ConclusionThe focal widening of the ST insertion and its central mucopolysaccharidic composition could be an anatomical adaptation to marked forces specifically applied to this tendon. However, the ultrasound and histological appearances are very similar to those described in tendinosis, which represents a confounding factor in diagnosing tendonitis at the insertion of the supraspinatus. In the absence of other ultrasonographic criteria of tendinopathy, a hypoechoic central area in the ST near its insertion should be considered normal.
Female Performance and Participation in Computer Science
Authors: Kemp Peter E. J. , Wong Billy , Berry Miles G. 
Published: November 2019

The change in the English computing curriculum and the shift towards computer science (CS) has been closely observed by other countries. Female participation remains a concern in most jurisdictions, but female attainment in CS is relatively unstudied. Using the English national pupil database, we analyzed all exam results (n = 5,370,064) for students taking secondary school exams in 2016, focusing on those students taking GCSE CS (n = 60,736), contrasting this against ICT (n = 67,359).
Combining gender with ethnicity and the IDACI poverty indicator, we find that females from the poorest areas were more likely to take CS than those from the richest areas and that CS was more popular among ethnic minority females than white females. ICT was far more equitable for females and poorer students than CS.
CS females typically got better grades than their male peers. However, when controlling for average attainment in other subjects, males got 0.31 of a grade higher. Female relative underperformance in CS was most acute among large female cohorts and with girls studying in mixed-gender schools. Girls did significantly better than boys in English when controlling for CS scores, supporting theories around female relative strengths lying outside STEM subjects.
The move to introduce CS into the English curriculum and the removal of the ICT qualifications look to be having a negative impact on female participation and attainment in computing. Using the theory of self-efficacy, we argue that the shift towards CS might decrease the number of girls choosing further computing qualifications or pursuing computing as a career. Computing curriculum designers and teachers need to carefully consider the inclusive nature of their computing courses.
Absorptive transport of amino acids by the rat colon
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Dinges Meredith M. , Green Andrew , Cramer Scott E. , Larive Cynthia K. , Lytle Christian 
Published: November 2019

The capacity of the colon to absorb microbially produced amino acids (AAs) and the underlying mechanisms of AA transport are incompletely defined. We measured the profile of 16 fecal AAs along the rat ceco-colonic axis and compared unidirectional absorptive AA fluxes across mucosal tissues isolated from the rat jejunum, cecum, and proximal colon using an Ussing chamber approach, in conjunction with1H-NMR and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry chemical analyses. Passage of stool from cecum to midcolon was associated with segment-specific changes in fecal AA composition and a decrease in total AA content. Simultaneous measurement of up to 16 AA fluxes under native luminal conditions, with correction for endogenous AA release, demonstrated absorptive transfer of AAs across the cecum and proximal colon at rates comparable (30–80%) to those across the jejunum, with significant Na+-dependent and H+-stimulated components. Expression profiling of 30 major AA transporter genes by quantitative PCR revealed comparatively high levels of transcripts for 20 AA transporters in the cecum and/or colon, with the levels of 12 exceeding those in the small intestine. Our results suggest a more detailed model of major apical and basolateral AA transporters in rat colonocytes and provide evidence for a previously unappreciated transfer of AAs across the colonic epithelium that could link the prodigious metabolic capacities of the luminal microbiota, the colonocytes, and the body tissues.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence for a previously unappreciated transfer of microbially generated amino acids across the colonic epithelium under physiological conditions that could link the prodigious metabolic capacities of the luminal microbiota, the colonocytes, and the body tissues. The segment-specific expression of at least 20 amino acid transporter genes along the colon provides a detailed mechanistic basis for uniport, heteroexchange, Na+-cotransport, and H+-cotransport components of colonic amino acid absorption.
ВПЛИВ ПСИХОВЕГЕТАТИВНИХ РОЗЛАДІВ НА КОГНІТИВНИЙ СТАТУС ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ НА ІШЕМІЧНУ ХВОРОБУ СЕРЦЯ ІЗ СУПУТНЬОЮ АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ
Authors: Mykhailovska N. S. , Manuilov S. M. , Grytsai H. V. , Kulynych T. O. 
Published: November 2019

Мета: вивчити вплив психовегетативних розладів на когнітивний статус та якість життя хворих на ішемічну хворобу серця (ІХС), коморбідну з артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ).
Матеріали і методи. У проспективне моноцентрове подвійне відкрите дослідження в паралельних групах залучено 56 хворих на ІХС: стабільну стенокардію напруження II–III функціонального класу, коморбідну з АГ, віком 42–68 років (медіана віку – 5,0 (54,0; 65,0) років; 26 жінок, 30 чоловіків). Усім хворим проводили комплексне клінічне обстеження згідно із загальноприйнятими стандартами. Виявлення тривожно-депресивних розладів (ТДР) здійснювали за допомогою госпітальної шкали тривоги і депресії (HADS); когнітивних порушень − за допомогою Монреальської шкали оцінки когнітивних функцій (МоСА); дослідження якості життя проводили за допомогою Сіетловського опитувальника (SAQ) та опитувальника SF-36; оцінку вегетативної дисфункції − за допомогою часових і спектральних показників варіабельності серцевого ритму (ВСР). Залежно від наявності ТДР хворих поділено таким чином: 1 група – 34 хворі у поєднанні з ТДР і 2 група – 22 пацієнти без ТДР.
Результати. У хворих на ІХС та АГ з ТДР порівняно з хворими без ТДР спостерігали вегетативний дисбаланс зі зниженням загальної варіабельності серцевого ритму, переважанням активності симпатичної ланки на тлі пригнічення парасимпатичних впливів. У хворих на ІХС з АГ з ТДР виявлено погіршення якості життя пацієнтів за даними Сіетловського опитувальника та загального опитувальника здоровʼя SF-36, а також помірне зниження когнітивної функції за МоСА. Встановлено позитивний кореляційний звʼязок між сумарним рівнем тривоги і депресії та когнітивним дефіцитом (r=+56; р<0,05), показниками якості життя PL (r=+0,54; p<0,05), AF (r=+0,50; p<0,05), співвідношенням LF/HF (r=+0,44; p<0,05), зворотний − з SDNNі (r=+0,34; p<0,05).
Висновки. Виявлено асоціацію між тривожно-депресивними, вегетативними порушеннями та погіршенням складових якості життя та когнітивного статусу в хворих на ІХС, коморбідну з АГ.
СТРАТЕГІЧНІ НАПРЯМИ БОРОТЬБИ З НЕБЕЗПЕЧНИМ ТА ШКІДЛИВИМ ВЖИВАННЯМ АЛКОГОЛЮ В ДОКУМЕНТАХ ВСЕСВІТНЬОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я
Authors: Gruzieva T. S. , Zamkevich V. B. 
Published: November 2019

Мета: дослідити сучасні стратегії та підходи до профілактики вживання алкоголю і зменшення шкоди, пов’язаної з цим чинником ризику, в стратегічних документах Всесвітньої організації охорони здоров’я (ВООЗ).
Матеріали і методи. При виконанні дослідження використано бібліографічний та інформаційно-аналітичний методи. Науковою базою є інформаційні, стратегічні, програмні та робочі документи ВООЗ та Європейського регіонального бюро (ЄРБ) ВООЗ.
Результати. Аналіз стратегічних і програмних документів ВООЗ, ЄРБ ВООЗ, ООН, ЄС засвідчив пріоритетність питань профілактики та скорочення нездорового вживання алкоголю в рамках боротьби з неінфекційними захворюваннями та зміцнення здоров’я населення. Глобальний план дій щодо неінфекційних захворювань, Глобальна стратегія скорочення шкідливого вживання алкоголю висвітлюють перспективні напрями запобігання нездоровій алкогольній поведінці та зменшення поширеності цього чинника ризику з використанням популяційних, групових та індивідуальних підходів, економічних, правових, інформаційних, медичних та інших важелів. Регіональні європейські документи, насамперед Європейський план дій зі скорочення шкідливого вживання алкоголю на 2012–2020 рр., представляють комплекс дієвих заходів, що стосуються впровадження заходів маркетингової та цінової політики, підвищення обізнаності громадян, боротьби з водінням у нетверезому стані, лідерства і прихильності, скорочення негативних наслідків вживання алкоголю та алкогольної інтоксикації в рамках сектору охорони здоров’я, зменшення доступності алкогольних напоїв, скорочення вживання, виробленої незаконно алкогольної продукції або неорганізованим сектором, моніторингу та епідеміологічного нагляду.
Висновки. Визначені перспективні напрями, стратегії та заходи протидії нездоровому вживанню алкоголю, які окреслено міжнародними та регіональними документами в охороні здоров’я, є основою для обґрунтування і розробки концептуальних засад та конкретних планів дій з профілактики і боротьби з негативними наслідками вживання алкоголю населенням з урахуванням національного контексту.
Does Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Targeting Local Abnormal Ventricular Activity Elimination Reduce Ventricular Fibrillation Incidence?
Authors: Kitamura Takeshi , Maury Philippe , Lam Anna , Sacher Frederic , Khairy Paul , Martin Ruairidh , Vlachos Konstantinos , Frontera Antonio , Takigawa Masateru , Nakatani Yosuke , Thompson Nathaniel , Massouillie Gregoire , Cheniti Ghassen , Martin Claire A. , Bourier Felix , Duchateau Josselin , Klotz Nicolas , Pambrun Thomas , Denis Arnaud , Derval Nicolas , Cochet Hubert , Hocini Meleze , Haissaguerre Michel , Jais Pierre 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Various strategies for ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) have been described, but their impact on ventricular fibrillation (VF) is largely unknown. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of substrate-based VT ablation targeting local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA) on recurrent VF events in patients with structural heart disease.

Methods:
A retrospective 2-center study was performed on patients with structural heart disease and both VT and VF, with incident VT ablation procedures targeting LAVAs. Generalized estimating equations with a Poisson loglinear model were used to assess the impact of catheter ablation on VF episodes. The change in VF events before and after catheter ablation was compared with matched controls without ablation.

Results:

From a total of 686 patients with an incident VT ablation procedure targeting LAVAs, 21 patients (age, 57±14 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 30±10%) had both VT and VF and met inclusion criteria. A total of 80 VF events were recorded in the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator logs the 6 months preceding ablation. Complete and partial LAVA elimination was achieved in 11 (52%) and 10 (48%) patients, respectively. Catheter ablation was associated with a highly significant reduction in VF recurrences (
P
<0.0001), which were limited to 3 (14%) patients at 6 months. The total number of VF events thereby decreased from 80 to 3, from a median of 1.0 (range, 1–29) to 0.0 (range, 0–1) in the 6 months before and after ablation, respectively. The reduction in VF events was significantly greater in patients with catheter ablation compared with 21 matched controls during 6-month periods following and preceding a baseline assessment (Poisson β-coefficient, 1.39;
P
=0.0003).

Conclusions:
Substrate-guided VT ablation targeting LAVAs may be associated with a significant reduction in recurrent VF, suggesting that VT and VF share overlapping arrhythmogenic substrates in patients with structural heart disease.
Influence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on serum microRNA expression
Authors: Scettri M. , Seeba H. , Staudacher D. L. , Robinson S. , Stallmann D. , Heger L. A. , Grundmann S. , Duerschmied D. , Bode C. , Wengenmayer T. , Ahrens I. , Hortmann M. 
Published: November 2019

Objective To date, no biomarkers have been established to predict haematological complications and outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are promising biomarkers in many clinical fields, in patients before and after initiating ECMO. Methods Serum miRNA levels from 14 patients hospitalized for acute respiratory failure and supported with ECMO in our medical intensive care unit were analysed before and 24 hours after ECMO. In total, 179 serum-enriched miRNAs were profiled by using a real-time PCR panel. For validation, differentially expressed miRNAs were individually quantified with conventional real-time quantitative PCR at 0, 24, and 72 hours. Results Under ECMO support, platelet count significantly decreased by 65 × 103/µL (25th percentile = 154.3 × 103/µL; 75th percentile = 33 × 103/µL). Expression of the 179 miRNAs investigated in this study did not change significantly throughout the observational period. Conclusions According to our data, the expression of serum miRNAs was not altered by ECMO therapy itself. We conclude that ECMO does not limit the application of miRNAs as specific clinical biomarkers for the patients’ underlying disease.
Differential Effects of Platelets Selectively Activated by Protease-Activated Receptors on Meniscal Cells
Authors: Xu Hongyao , Zou Xiangjie , Xia Pengcheng , Aboudi Mohammad Ahmad Kamal , Chen Ran , Huang He 
Published: November 2019

Background: Meniscal injury is very common, and injured meniscal tissue has a limited healing ability because of poor vascularity. Platelets contain both pro- and anti-angiogenic factors, which can be released by platelet selective activation. Hypothesis: Platelets release a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) when they are activated by protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), whereas the platelets release endostatin when they are activated by protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4). The PAR1-treated platelets enhance the proliferation of meniscal cells in vitro and promote in vivo healing of wounded meniscal tissue. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Method: Platelets were isolated from human blood and activated with different reagents. The released growth factors from the activated platelets were determined by immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of the platelets with different treatments on meniscal cells were tested by an in vitro model of cell culture and an in vivo model of wounded meniscal healing. Results: The results indicated that platelets contained both pro- and antiangiogenic factors including VEGF and endostatin. In unactivated platelets, VEGF and endostatin were contained inside of the platelets. Both VEGF and endostatin were released from the platelets when they were activated by thrombin. However, only VEGF was released from the platelets when they were activated by PAR1, and only endostatin was released from the platelets when they were activated by PAR4. The rat meniscal cells grew much faster in the medium that contained PAR1-activated platelets than in the medium that contained either PAR4-activated platelets or unactivated platelets. The wounds treated with PAR1-activated platelets healed faster than those treated with either PAR4-activated platelets or unactivated platelets. Many blood vessel–like structures were found in the wounded menisci treated with PAR1-activated platelets. Conclusion: The PAR1-activated platelets released high levels of VEGF, which increased the proliferation of rat meniscal cells in vitro, enhanced the vascularization of menisci in vivo, and promoted healing of wounded menisci. Clinical Relevance: Our results suggested that selective activated platelets can be used clinically to enhance healing of wounded meniscal tissue.
Minimum 10-Year Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating 2 Different Approaches to Full Weightbearing After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Fallon Michael , Ackland Timothy R. , Janes Gregory C. , Wood David J. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Longer term outcomes after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) are lacking, while early postoperative weightbearing (WB) management has traditionally been conservative. Purpose: To investigate the longer term clinical and radiological outcomes after an 8-week (vs 12-week) WB protocol after MACI. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A randomized study design allocated 70 patients to an 8- (n = 34) or 12-week (n = 36) approach to full WB after MACI of the medial or lateral femoral condyle. Patients were evaluated preoperatively; at 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery; and at 5 and 10 years after surgery. At 10 years (range, 10.5-11.5 years), 60 patients (85.7%; 8 weeks: n = 29; 12 weeks: n = 31) were available for review. Clinical outcomes included patient-reported outcomes, maximal isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength, and functional hop capacity. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was undertaken to assess the quality and quantity of repair tissue per the MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) system. A combined MRI composite score was also evaluated. Results: Clinical and MRI-based scores for the full cohort significantly improved ( P < .05) over the 10-year period. Apart from the Tegner activity score, which improved ( P = .041), as well as tissue structure ( P = .030), which deteriorated, there were no further statistically significant changes ( P > .05) from 5 to 10 years. There were no 10-year differences between the 2 WB rehabilitation groups. At 10 years, 81.5% and 82.8% of patients in the 8- and 12-week groups, respectively, demonstrated good-excellent tissue infill. Graft failure was observed on MRI at 10 years in 7 patients overall, which included 4 located on 10-year MRI (8 weeks: n = 1; 12 weeks: n = 3) and a further 3 patients (8 weeks: n = 1; 12 weeks: n = 2) not included in the current analysis who proceeded to total knee arthroplasty. At 10 years, 93.3% of patients were satisfied with MACI for relieving their pain, with 83.3% satisfied with their ability to participate in sport. Conclusion: MACI provided high satisfaction levels and tissue durability beyond 10 years. The outcomes of this randomized trial demonstrate a safe 8-week WB rehabilitation protocol without jeopardizing longer term outcomes.