bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo investigation of osteogenic properties of self-contained phosphate-releasing injectable purine-crosslinked chitosan-hydroxyapatite constructs
Authors: Jahan Kaushar , Manickam Garthiga , Tabrizian Maryam , Murshed Monzur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBone fracture repair is a multifaceted, coordinated physiological process that requires new bone formation and resorption, eventually returning the fractured bone to its original state. Currently, a variety of different approaches are pursued to accelerate the repair of defective bones, which include the use of 'gold standard' autologous bone grafts. However, such grafts may not be readily available, and procedural complications may result in undesired outcomes. Considering the ease of use and tremendous customization potentials, synthetic materials may become a more suitable alternative of bone grafts. In this study, we examined the osteogenic potential of guanosine 5′-diphosphate-crosslinked chitosan scaffolds with the incorporation of hydroxyapatite, with or without pyrophosphatase activity, both in vitro and in vivo. First, scaffolds embedded with cells were characterized for cell morphology, viability, and attachment. The cell-laden scaffolds were found to significantly enhance proliferation for up to threefold, double alkaline phosphatase activity and osterix expression, and increase calcium phosphate deposits in vitro. Next, chitosan scaffolds were implanted at the fracture site in a mouse model of intramedullary rod-fixed tibial fracture. Our results showed increased callus formation at the fracture site with the scaffold carrying both hydroxyapatite and pyrophosphatase in comparison to the control scaffolds lacking both pyrophosphatase and hydroxyapatite, or pyrophosphatase alone. These results indicate that the pyrophosphatase-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold has a promising capacity to facilitate bone fracture healing.
High-throughput screening reveals higher synergistic effect of MEK inhibitor combinations in colon cancer spheroids
Authors: Folkesson Evelina , Niederdorfer Barbara , Nakstad Vu To , Thommesen Liv , Klinkenberg Geir , Lægreid Astrid , Flobak Åsmund 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDrug combinations have been proposed to combat drug resistance, but putative treatments are challenged by low bench-to-bed translational efficiency. To explore the effect of cell culture format and readout methods on identification of synergistic drug combinations in vitro, we studied response to 21 clinically relevant drug combinations in standard planar (2D) layouts and physiologically more relevant spheroid (3D) cultures of HCT-116, HT-29 and SW-620 cells. By assessing changes in viability, confluency and spheroid size, we were able to identify readout- and culture format-independent synergies, as well as synergies specific to either culture format or readout method. In particular, we found that spheroids, compared to 2D cultures, were generally both more sensitive and showed greater synergistic response to combinations involving a MEK inhibitor. These results further shed light on the importance of including more complex culture models in order to increase the efficiency of drug discovery pipelines.
Cultural Competence and Self-Efficacy After Study Abroad Experiences
Authors: de Diego-Lázaro Beatriz , Winn Kevin , Restrepo María Adelaida 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Cultural competence is crucial for the successful provision of speech, language, and hearing services. The purpose of this study was to assess and describe gains in cultural awareness, cultural competence, and self-efficacy after service-learning study abroad experiences and to examine whether gains in these areas are related to higher clinical skills ratings in speech-language pathology and audiology students.

Method
Sixteen speech-language pathology and audiology students participated in two international study abroad experiences (Nicaragua and Malawi). Students completed a survey on cultural awareness, competence, and self-efficacy beliefs and journal entries before, during, and after their trips. In addition, the supervisors assessed the clinical skills of the students by the end of the trip. The researchers applied a mixed-methods approach to analyze data from the survey, clinical ratings, and journals.

Results
Students showed significant increases in cultural awareness, competence, and self-efficacy. Gains in self-efficacy and cultural awareness were highly correlated with students' clinical ratings in cultural competence as judged by their supervisors. Two main themes were identified from the journal entries: continuing community involvement and growth in cultural self-efficacy.

Conclusion
Service-learning study abroad experiences help students develop cultural awareness and competence skills and increase their self-efficacy beliefs. Using a mixed-methods approach can help identify strengths and weaknesses in the training of speech-language pathology and audiology students with regard to cultural competence.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12642647
Komplikationen nach pleuralem getunnelten Dauerkatheter bei symptomatischen rezidivierenden benignen und malignen Pleuraergüssen
Authors: Langner S. , Koschel D. , Kleymann J. , Tausche K. , Karl S. , Frenzen F. , Heberling M. , Schulte-Hubbert B. , Halank M. , Kolditz M. 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Implantation eines pleuralen getunnelten Dauerkatheters (indwelling pleural catheter = IPC) stellt bei symptomatischen rezidivierenden benignen und malignen Pleuraergüssen (BPE und MPE) neben einer Pleurodese eine weitere etablierte Therapiemethode dar.Zur Sicherheit des IPC, insbesondere zu Pneumothorax und Katheterinfektionen, existierten wenige Studien.Ziel unserer Untersuchung war, die Komplikationshäufigkeit nach IPC-Anlage und deren prädiktive Faktoren bei Patienten mit BPE vs. MPE zu ermitteln.
Methoden Retrospektive Analyse aller IPC-Implantationen im Bereich Pneumologie am Universitätsklinikum Dresden im Zeitraum von 2015 – 2018.
Ergebnisse Bei 86 Patienten (je 43 m/f; Alter 66,9 ± 13,3 Jahre) wurde bei symptomatischem BPE und MPE ein IPC implantiert. Ein BPE bzw. MPE bestand bei 12,8 % (11/86) bzw. 87,2 % (75/86) der Erkrankten.Als Sofortkomplikation nach IPC-Anlage war bei 43/86 (50 %) Patienten ein meist kleiner, asymptomatischer Pneumothorax nachweisbar. 34/43 (79 %) Patienten bedurften diesbezüglich keiner spezifischen Therapie. Bei 9/43 war ein IPC-Sog im Median über 3 Tage erforderlich. 8/43 Patienten wiesen einen großen Pneumothorax mit partieller/kompletter Regredienz im Median nach 2 Tagen auf.Bei 15,1 % (13/86) der Gesamtgruppe und 36,4 % (4/11) der BPE vs. 12 % (9/75) der MPE kam es im Median nach 87 (BPE/MPE 116/87) Tagen zu einer Katheterinfektion. Diese war bei BPE (p = 0,035), großem Pneumothorax (4/8 Patienten; p = 0,015) und längerer Katheterverweildauer (124 ± 112 vs. 71 ± 112 Tage; p = 0,07) häufiger.
Schlussfolgerung Kleine Pneumothoraces sind häufig nach IPC-Implantation, bedürfen aber meist keiner spezifischen Therapie. Bei 15,1 % aller Patienten war im Median nach 87 Tagen eine Katheterinfektion nachweisbar. Diese trat häufiger bei BPE, längerer Katheterverweildauer und großen Pneumothoraces auf.
Bauhinia Protease Inhibitors Attenuate Gastric Ulcer by Blocking Neutrophil Enzymes
Authors: Valois Mayara Vioto , de Oliveira Cleide , Lapa Antonio José , Souccar Caden , Oliva Maria Luiza Vilela 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProteases play a pivotal role in many signaling pathways; inhibitors of well-established proteases have shown a substantial therapeutic success. This study aimed to examine the in vivo effects of 3 protease inhibitors isolated from Bauhinia species: i) Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor, which blocks human neutrophil elastase (Kiapp 2.8 nM) and cathepsin G (Kiapp 1.0 nM) activities; ii) Bauhinia mollis trypsin inhibitor, a trypsin inhibitor (Kiapp 5.0 nM); and iii) Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor, which inhibits elastase (Kiapp 2.6 nM), cathepsin G (Kiapp 160.0 nM), and the cysteine proteases cathepsin L (Kiapp 0.2 nM). Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor, Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor, and Bauhinia mollis trypsin inhibitor were isolated using acetone and ammonium sulfate fractionations, DEAE-Sephadex, trypsin-Sepharose, and Resource-Q chromatographies. Mice and rats were treated intraperitoneally with 1 dose of inhibitor; gastric mucosal lesions were induced by cold-restraint stress. Oral pretreatment of mice with Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor or Bauhinia mollis trypsin inhibitor (1 – 10 mg/kg) did not show anti-ulcer effect, while Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor (0.1 – 1.0 mg/kg) produced a similar reduction of the index of mucosal damage at all effective doses (30 to 33% < control). In rats at doses lower than those used in mice, Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor and Bauhinia bauhinioides cruzipain inhibitor reduced the index of mucosal damage by 66% and 54% of controls, respectively. The results indicate a protective effect against gastric mucosal lesions associated with elastase inhibition but not inhibition of trypsin activities. Moreover, the lack of Bauhinia mollis elastase inhibitor efficacy observed in mice may possibly be related to the reported structural differences of elastase in mice and rats.
Correlation between Age and Surgical Approach for Thoracic and Lumbar Hemivertebra
Authors: Nikova Alexandrina , Chatzipaulou Varvara , Malkots Belkis , Mustafa Reichan Molla , Valsamidou Christina , Birbilis Theodosis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective Hemivertebra (HV) is a congenital defect of the formation of the spinal vertebra, which can result in scoliosis or kyphosis along with the related symptomatology of spine deformity. More often than not, it is linked to other abnormalities and requires attention. Its management is surgical and it is of great importance for the physician to choose the right approach at the right time, due to its deteriorative prognosis.Methods Due to the interest of the subject, the authors investigated the world literature between 1990 and 2018 and found 45 articles, reporting thoracic, thoracolumbar, and lumbar HV in children and its postsurgical outcome, aiming to show whether the approaches are equal in terms of the final outcome.Results The chosen surgical method depends much on the level of the pathology. Despite this fact, after analyzing the included data, we found that the surgical techniques are unequal with regard to the purpose of achieving improvement. Age, caudal and cranial curves, segmental kyphosis, and scoliosis are factors playing a major role in this.Conclusion If not treated, HV leads to deterioration and dysfunction. The most optimal result, however, is achieved only when the surgical approach is applied according to age and rest of the accompanying factors, which should be considered in future management planning.
Evaluation of Rise in Pulp Chamber Temperature after Activation with Different Curing Lights on Bleached Teeth–An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bansal Aditya , Kumar Yogesh , Jindal Neetu , Aggarwal Renu , Jain Somya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to evaluate rise in pulp chamber temperature after activation with different curing lights on bleached teeth in an in vitro study. The present study is an in vitro study with a sample size of 100. A total of 100 human extracted maxillary central and lateral incisors were collected and then randomly assigned into one control group and four experimental groups (n = 20).
Material and Methods As many as 100 freshly extracted noncarious human maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth were used in this study. The access opening of all 100 samples were done to facilitate access to the pulp chambers for measuring the temperature. The samples were embedded into the additional silicone model, and uniform distance of 5 mm from tooth surface was taken for gel activation using different curing lights (LED, QTH, plasma arc, diode laser). The temperature inside the pulp chamber was measured using digital infrared thermometer. Infrared light of infrared thermometer was put on pulp chamber before the bleaching gel application (T0) 1 minute after bleaching gel application (T1). Later, there was changing of color of bleaching gel from dark red into green color when activated with different curing lights (T2).
Statistical Analysis The temperature data obtained were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and posthoc Tukey’s tests. Significance level was set at 5% for all analyses.
Results The mean and standard deviation (SD) values of rise in pulp chamber temperature after activation with different light sources were Group II (LED) 0.5 ± 0.466, Group III (QTH) 0.775 ± 0.229, Group IV (plasma arc) 1.26 ± 0.690, and Group V (diode laser) 1.355 ± 0.452.
Conclusion Compared with other light-curing units, LED group induced lowest rise in pulp chamber temperature. Whereas, bleaching without light activation does not induce rise in pulp chamber temperature.
Physical limits of flight performance in the heaviest soaring bird
Authors: Williams H. J. , Shepard E. L. C. , Holton Mark D. , Alarcón P. A. E. , Wilson R. P. , Lambertucci S. A. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Flapping flight is extremely costly for large birds, yet little is known about the conditions that force them to flap. We attached custom-made “flight recorders” to Andean condors, the world’s heaviest soaring birds, documenting every single wingbeat and when and how individuals gained altitude. Remarkably, condors flapped for only 1% of their flight time, specifically during takeoff and when close to the ground. This is particularly striking as the birds were immature. Thus, our results demonstrate that even inexperienced birds can cover vast distances over land without flapping. Overall, this can help explain how extinct birds with twice the wingspan of condors could have flown.
Multiple origins of green coloration in frogs mediated by a novel biliverdin-binding serpin
Authors: Taboada Carlos , Brunetti Andrés E. , Lyra Mariana L. , Fitak Robert R. , Faigón Soverna Ana , Ron Santiago R. , Lagorio María G. , Haddad Célio F. B. , Lopes Norberto P. , Johnsen Sönke , Faivovich Julián , Chemes Lucía B. , Bari Sara E. 
Published: July 2020

Significance
Green coloration of vertebrates is normally attributed to pigments and structural components inside skin chromatophores cells. However, these components do not account for the vivid blue-green colors of hundreds of species of frogs with sparse chromatophores. Our study shows that green coloration originates in proteins of the serpin superfamily that bind the pigment biliverdin, modulating its absorbance properties. Using a South American treefrog, we demonstrated that these serpins have a clear ecological role in modulating the reflectance properties and rendering animals cryptic in the foliage even in the near-infrared portion of the spectrum. These findings open up exciting research perspectives both in biochemistry and evolution of serpins, as well as in the study of extracellular protein-mediated coloration in vertebrates.
Determining two coefficients in diffuse optical tomography with incomplete and noisy Cauchy data
Authors: Tam Quyen Tran Nhan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the non-linear and ill-posed inverse problem of simultaneously identifying the conductivity and the reaction in diffuse optical tomography with noisy measurement data available on an accessible part of the boundary. We propose an energy functional method and the total variational regularization combining with the quadratic stabilizing term to formulate the identification problem to a PDE constrained optimization problem. We show the stability of the proposed regularization method and the convergence of the finite element regularized solutions to the identification in the L

s
-norm for all s ∈ [0, ∞) and in the sense of the Bregman distance with respect to the total variation semi-norm. To illustrate the theoretical results, a numerical case study is presented which supports our analytical findings.
Design and Development of Traffic Evacuation Software Based on Micro Simulation
Authors: Duan Bingyu , Wang Ziyang , Chen Xudong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In order to better evacuate residents in the case of regional disasters and ensure the safety of the lives and properties of regional residents, we designed and developed traffic evacuation simulation software under various disasters based on microscopic simulation. The system adopts C / S architecture, MVC design mode, and has the functions of road network simulation, intersection simulation, vehicle operation simulation and signal control simulation. It is loaded through the simulation program, compares different evacuation schemes, optimizes the setting of space division, path division, signal Phase and signal phase. Provide reference basis for the relevant departments to evacuate residents.
Study of Reasons for Pitting Corrosion Occurred on Flange Made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti Stainless Steel
Authors: Sun Gang , Li Xiaolin , Du Jun , Luo Jia , Wang Tairan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When pickling the stainless steel flange made of 1Cr18Ni9Ti after welding process, rough pits were observed on the surface of the part. An investigation of occurrence mechanism and chemical composition of these pits has been carried out, which involved scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the flange suffering local corrosion called pitting corrosion during the pickling process, for the reason of that cavities occurred between the outer sleeve nut and the weld joint area blocked the movement of cations, mostly Fe3+ and Cr3+. These cations hydrolyzed to H+ absorbing Cl− outside the cavity in the pickling acid causing corrosion on the part surface. Adjusting purity of pickling acid and shafting the part during pickling process can obviously reduce the potential of occurrence of pitting corrosion.
Generating Adversarial Examples for Static PE Malware Detector Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Chen Jun , Jiang Jingfei , Li Rongchun , Dou Yong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Machine learning technology has been applied in filed of malware detection; it can improve efficiency of malware detection to deal with more and more increasing malware variants. However, malware detection model based on machine learning also has weakness which can be cheated by adversarial examples. Researching on method of generating adversarial examples could be benefit to exposing vulnerability of malware detection model and designing better malware detector. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning environment named gym-malware-mini based on gym-malware through which we generate adversarial examples using DQN and A2C deep reinforcement learning algorithm. As a result, DQN agent learned better policy of generating adversarial examples in gym-malware-mini, Success rate is increased by 18% compared with gym-malware. Success rate of DQN agent and A2C agent is increased by 20% and 15% compared with random agent in gym-malware-mini environment.
Improved Gradient Projection Algorithm for Deblurred Image Application
Authors: Yan Haixia , Liu Yanjun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
For the purpose of reducing the noise of deblurred image, an improved Gradient Projection method by sparse coding Reconstruction (GPSR) algorithm is proposed. Different with the traditional Gradient Projection method for sparse reconstruction code (GPSR) method, the obvious distinctions between the original image and deblurred image are projected onto dimensional projection image value. Thus the picture noise are deleted. The classical Gradient Sparse Projection computing method, searching direction changes time by time. Now we propose the new method by running with fix step. The constraints of searching method is guarantee. We prove the new computing method in theory, and at the same time, we running the method by classical picture. We compare the running results of classic method and the fix step hunt method (FXHM), the running results of two methods are shown in the article, the performance of fix step hunt method (FXHM) is higher than the classic method as possible as it can.
Research on Optimization of Tourism Route Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Yafeng , Zheng Xiaoyang , Fang Ziming , Yu Yue , Kuang Zhongjie , Huang Yiting 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper aims at the tourist route planning of 47 scenic spots faced by tourists when traveling in Chongqing. The route distance and transportation cost of tourists during travel are taken into account and the optimal planning of tourist routes are recommended to meet their personal needs. First, the coordinates of longitude and latitude of each attraction and the transportation costs between the attractions are collected. Second, the distance target and transportation cost target are combined into a combined target by using the weighting coefficient method. Finally, the optimal solution of the combined target was solved by the genetic algorithm. The result obtained is that when only the cost is considered, the distance of 47 attractions is 2257.76 kilometers and the transportation cost is 2866.2 yuan. While only the distance is analyzed, the above two values are 1426.68 kilometers and 4931.18 yuan, respectively.
Application of Ibeacon in Indoor Positioning and Navigation
Authors: Ye Nuanqiang , Luo Jinman , Zhao Shanlong , Yan Jing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In recent years, with the development of new energy vehicles, the demand for indoor charging is increasing. In the construction and application development of large indoor parking lot, users’ demand for location-based service is more urgent. At this point the indoor positioning technology appears to be very important. At present, indoor mainstream technologies include UWB, RFID, ZigBee, ultrasonic, inertial navigation, optical positioning, iBeacon, Wi-fi and geomagnetic, etc. Compared with other technologies, iBeacon technology has the advantages of low power consumption and strong compatibility. IBeacon positioning technology helps users find idle charging piles more quickly and conveniently. This paper will briefly introduce the application of iBeacon in indoor positioning and navigation and related algorithms.
Human Detection Based on Improved Mask R-CNN
Authors: Wang Yuejuan , Wu Ji , Li Heting 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Human detection has been widely concerned by academic and industrial circles. The gradual maturity of deep learning framework further improves the accuracy and speed of detection. However, the relatively mature human detection methods cannot get accurate detection results because of the complex background, shooting angle and many limitations of human behaviour. Aiming at solving the problems of human detection in complex scenes, a novel human detection algorithm based on the improved mask R-CNN framework is proposed by implementing the leading research results of object detection through deep learning. The algorithm combines ResNet and FPN to extract the features of the image, and then takes advantage of RoIAlign and fine-grained Slic to proofread the pixels. In the experiments that compared with the original mask R-CNN algorithm on the same data set was carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The mAP and AR value of the improved mask R-CNN algorithm is greater than that of the mask R-CNN algorithm when the IoU is 0.5-0.95, showing that the improved mask R-CNN framework was able to detect human from video better.