bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Impact of Hormone Therapy on Laboratory Values in Transgender Patients over Time
Authors: Allen Amber N , Jiao Rhoda , Day Philip , Pagels Patti , Gimpel Nora , SoRelle Jeffrey A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Known physiological changes occur while transgender patients are taking hormone therapy (HT). However, knowledge is limited about when laboratory values stabilize and if there are any long-term impacts, making it challenging for physicians to provide adequate gender-affirming care. We aim to analyze laboratory values with HT use over 5 years and after discontinuation of HT to define when values achieve stability.

Methods
We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of 126 transgender women (TW) and 91 transgender men (TM) at consecutive clinic visits. Labs included complete metabolic panel, complete blood count, lipids, and hormone levels and were monitored for 5 years. Absolute measurement and percentage change from baseline were calculated for each analyte value. We collected the laboratory studies described from patients off HT and the duration of discontinuation to determine the time to return to baseline levels.

Results
During HT, red blood cell (RBC; erythrocyte) indexes reach stable levels within 6 months (P &lt; 0.001) and are unchanged long term. Some analytes such as HDL and platelets showed increases beyond the first year of HT in TW (P = 0.001 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively). LDL and alanine aminotransferase increased beyond 1 year in TM (P &lt; 0.005 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively), whereas HDL decreased beyond 1 year (P &lt; 0.001). Time for laboratory values to return to baseline occurred around 10 weeks.

Conclusions
Most analytes reach stable levels within 6 months (RBC and creatinine), whereas others change in the long term (LDL, HDL, platelets). This information can be used to guide physicians as they monitor their transgender patients in all stages of their progress through HT.
The Socialization of Young Children’s Empathy for Pain: The Role of Mother– and Father–Child Reminiscing
Authors: Pavlova Maria , Graham Susan A , Peterson Carole , Lund Tatiana , Kennedy Madison , Nania Cara , Noel Melanie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
Empathy for pain allows one to recognize, understand, and respond to another person’s pain in a prosocial manner. Young children develop empathy for pain later than empathy for other negative emotions (e.g., sadness), which may be due to social learning. How parents reminisce with children about past painful events has been linked to children’s pain cognitions (e.g., memory) and broader socioemotional development. The present study examined how parent–child reminiscing about pain may be linked to children’s empathic behaviors toward another person’s pain.

Methods
One hundred and fourteen 4-year-old children (55% girls) and for each, one parent (51% fathers) completed a structured narrative elicitation task wherein they reminisced about a past painful autobiographical event for the child. Children were then observed responding in a lab-based empathy task wherein they witnessed a confederate pretending to hurt themselves. Children’s empathic behaviors and parent–child narratives about past painful events were coded using established coding schemes.

Results
Findings revealed that parents who used more neutral emotion language (e.g., How did you feel?) when discussing past painful events had children who exhibited more empathic concern in response to another’s pain. Similarly, children who used more explanations when reminiscing about past painful events displayed more empathic concern about another’s pain.

Conclusions
Findings highlight a key role of parent–child reminiscing about the past pain in the behavioral expression of empathy for pain in young children.
FANTOM enters 20th year: expansion of transcriptomic atlases and functional annotation of non-coding RNAs
Authors: Abugessaisa Imad , Ramilowski Jordan A , Lizio Marina , Severin Jesicca , Hasegawa Akira , Harshbarger Jayson , Kondo Atsushi , Noguchi Shuhei , Yip Chi Wai , Ooi Jasmine Li Ching , Tagami Michihira , Hori Fumi , Agrawal Saumya , Hon Chung Chau , Cardon Melissa , Ikeda Shuya , Ono Hiromasa , Bono Hidemasa , Kato Masaki , Hashimoto Kosuke , Bonetti Alessandro , Kato Masaki , Kobayashi Norio , Shin Jay , de Hoon Michiel , Hayashizaki Yoshihide , Carninci Piero , Kawaji Hideya , Kasukawa Takeya 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Functional ANnoTation Of the Mammalian genome (FANTOM) Consortium has continued to provide extensive resources in the pursuit of understanding the transcriptome, and transcriptional regulation, of mammalian genomes for the last 20 years. To share these resources with the research community, the FANTOM web-interfaces and databases are being regularly updated, enhanced and expanded with new data types. In recent years, the FANTOM Consortium's efforts have been mainly focused on creating new non-coding RNA datasets and resources. The existing FANTOM5 human and mouse miRNA atlas was supplemented with rat, dog, and chicken datasets. The sixth (latest) edition of the FANTOM project was launched to assess the function of human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). From its creation until 2020, FANTOM6 has contributed to the research community a large dataset generated from the knock-down of 285 lncRNAs in human dermal fibroblasts; this is followed with extensive expression profiling and cellular phenotyping. Other updates to the FANTOM resource includes the reprocessing of the miRNA and promoter atlases of human, mouse and chicken with the latest reference genome assemblies. To facilitate the use and accessibility of all above resources we further enhanced FANTOM data viewers and web interfaces. The updated FANTOM web resource is publicly available at https://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/.
Comprehensive mapping of the human cytokine gene regulatory network
Authors: Santoso Clarissa S , Li Zhaorong , Lal Sneha , Yuan Samson , Gan Kok Ann , Agosto Luis M , Liu Xing , Pro Sebastian Carrasco , Sewell Jared A , Henderson Andrew , Atianand Maninjay K , Fuxman Bass Juan I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Proper cytokine gene expression is essential in development, homeostasis and immune responses. Studies on the transcriptional control of cytokine genes have mostly focused on highly researched transcription factors (TFs) and cytokines, resulting in an incomplete portrait of cytokine gene regulation. Here, we used enhanced yeast one-hybrid (eY1H) assays to derive a comprehensive network comprising 1380 interactions between 265 TFs and 108 cytokine gene promoters. Our eY1H-derived network greatly expands the known repertoire of TF–cytokine gene interactions and the set of TFs known to regulate cytokine genes. We found an enrichment of nuclear receptors and confirmed their role in cytokine regulation in primary macrophages. Additionally, we used the eY1H-derived network as a framework to identify pairs of TFs that can be targeted with commercially-available drugs to synergistically modulate cytokine production. Finally, we integrated the eY1H data with single cell RNA-seq and phenotypic datasets to identify novel TF–cytokine regulatory axes in immune diseases and immune cell lineage development. Overall, the eY1H data provides a rich resource to study cytokine regulation in a variety of physiological and disease contexts.
Confined growth of ZIF-8 in dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles as bioregulators for enhanced mRNA delivery in vivo
Authors: Wang Yue , Song Hao , Liu Chao , Zhang Ye , Kong Yueqi , Tang Jie , Yang Yannan , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and its composites have diverse applications. However, ZIF-8-based nanocomposites are mainly used as carriers in biomolecular delivery, with the functions of metal ions and ligands rarely used to modulate the biofunctions. In this work, dendritic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (DMONs) with tetrasulfide bond were used to confine ZIF-8 growth partially inside mesopores as a novel nanocomposite for mRNA delivery. Each component in the resultant DMONs-ZIF-8 contributed to mRNA delivery applications, including high loading benefitting from positively charged ZIF-8 and large mesopores of DMONs, endosomal escape promoted by the imidazole ring of ZIF-8, and long-term glutathione depletion mediated by both zinc ions and tetrasulfide bond. Combined together, DMONs-ZIF-8 demonstrated enhanced mRNA translation and better transfection efficiency than commercial products and toxic polymer-modified DMONs in vitro and in vivo.
The Communication of Metacognition for Social Strategy in Psychosis: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Hertz Uri , Bell Vaughan , Barnby Joseph M , McQuillin Andrew , Bahrami Bahador 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sharing privately held information, for example, one’s confidence in the likelihood of future events, can greatly help others make better decisions as well as promoting one’s reputation and social influence. Differences in metacognition on the one hand, and difficulties in social functioning and social cognition on the other, have been reported in people diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, despite clear relevance few studies have investigated the link between these abilities and psychosis. In this exploratory study, we compared individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and a group of unselected general population controls, in an online competitive advice-giving task. Participants gave advice to a client by making a probabilistic perceptual judgment. They could strategically adapt the advice confidence to gain influence over the client. Crucially, participants competed with a rival adviser to attract the client’s endorsement. We observe that participants diagnosed with schizophrenia displayed an overall overconfidence in their advice compared with other, bipolar, and unselected control groups, but did not differ in metacognitive efficiency from controls. Symptom-based analysis revealed that the social-influence effect was associated with the presence of delusions but not hallucinations or mood symptoms. These results suggest that the social communication of uncertainty should be further investigated in psychosis.
EU Values Are Law, after All: Enforcing EU Values through Systemic Infringement Actions by the European Commission and the Member States of the European Union
Authors: Scheppele Kim Lane , Kochenov Dimitry Vladimirovich , Grabowska-Moroz Barbara 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Although compliance with the founding values is presumed in its law, the Union is now confronted with persistent disregard of these values in two Member States. If it ceases to be a union of Rule-of-Law-abiding democracies, the European Union (EU) is unthinkable. Purely political mechanisms to safeguard the Rule of Law, such as those in Article 7 Treaty of European Union (TEU), do not work. Worse still, their existence has disguised the fact that the violations of the values of Article 2 TEU are also violations of EU law. The legal mechanisms tried thus far, however, do not work either. The fundamental jurisprudence on judicial independence and irremovability under Article 19(1) TEU is a good start, but it has been unable to change the situation on the ground. Despite ten years of EU attempts at reining in Rule of Law violations and even as backsliding Member States have lost cases at the Court of Justice, illiberal regimes inside the EU have become more consolidated: the EU has been losing through winning. More creative work is needed to find ways to enforce the values of Article 2 TEU more effectively. Taking this insight, we propose to turn the EU into a militant democracy, able to defend its basic principles, by using the traditional tools for the enforcement of EU law in a novel manner. We demonstrate how the familiar infringement actions—both under Article 258 and 259 TFEU—can be adapted as instruments for enforcing EU values by bundling a set of specific violations into a single general infringement action to show how a pattern of unlawful activity rises to the level of being a systemic violation. A systemic violation, because of its general and pervasive nature, in itself threatens basic values above and beyond violations of individual provisions of the acquis. Certified by the Court of Justice, a systemic violation of EU law should call for systemic compliance that would require the Member State to undo the effects of its attacks on the values of Article 2. The use of Article 260 Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) to deduct fines from EU funds due to be received by the troubled Member State would provide additional incentives for systemic compliance. We illustrate this proposed militant democratic structure by explaining and critiquing what the Commission and Court together have done to reign in the governments of Hungary and Poland so far and then showing how they can do better.
Using telehealth for diabetes self-management in underserved populations
Authors: Ju Hsiao-Hui 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
Diabetes self-management is a complex process and central to well-being of patients with this chronic disorder. A patient-centered telehealth program may potentially meet needs of those in underserved populations to reduce socioeconomic disparities. Achieving this goal requires a focused concentration on health behaviors and practices of individuals in underserved populations.
Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV-infected patients: a review of recent studies
Authors: Xu Xiao-Lei , Zhao Ting , Harypursat Vijay , Lu Yan-Qiu , Li Yan , Chen Yao-Kai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia (ACA) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals has been observed to be elevated. The prevalence of ACA ranges from 1.3% to 13%, with different rates of prevalence in various regions of the world. We reviewed studies conducted internationally, and also referred to two established expert consensus guideline documents published in China, and we have concluded that Chinese HIV-infected patients should undergo cryptococcal antigen screening when CD4+ T-cell counts fall below 200 cells/μL and that the recommended treatment regimen for these patients follow current World Health Organization guidelines, although it is likely that this recommendation may change in the future. Early screening and optimized preemptive treatment for ACA is likely to help decrease the incidence of cryptococcosis, and is lifesaving. Further studies are warranted to explore issues related to the optimal management of ACA.
Modern Management of High-risk Soft Tissue Sarcoma With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation
Authors: Byun David J. , Katz Leah M. , Xiao Julie , Rapp Timothy B. , Paoluzzi Luca , Rosen Gerald , Schiff Peter B. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NA-CRT), followed by resection of high-risk soft tissue sarcoma (STS), may offer good disease control and toxicity outcomes. We report on a single institution’s modern NA-CRT experience.

Materials and Methods:
Delay to surgical resection, resection margin status, extent of necrosis, tumor cell viability, presence of hyalinization, positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography data, and treatment toxicities were collected. Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, 5-year overall survival, disease-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and local control (LC) were estimated. Clinicopathologic features and PET/computed tomography avidity changes were assessed for their potential predictive impact using the log-rank test.

Results:
From 2011 to 2018, 37 consecutive cases of localized high-risk STS were identified. Twenty-nine patients underwent ifosfamide-based NA-CRT to a median dose of 50 Gy before en bloc resection. At a median follow-up of 40.3 months, estimated 5-year overall survival was 86.1%, disease-free survival 70.2%, distant metastasis-free survival 75.2%, and LC 86.7%. Following NA-CRT, a median reduction of 54.7% was observed in tumor PET avidity; once resected, median tumor necrosis of 60.0% with no viable tumor cells was detected in 13.8% of the cases. Posttreatment resection margins were negative in all patients, with 27.6% having a margin of ≤1 mm. Delays of over 6 weeks following the end of radiation treatment to surgical resection occurred in 20.7% cases and was suggestive of inferior LC (92.8% vs. 68.6%, P=0.025).

Conclusions:
This single-institution series of NA-CRT demonstrates favorable disease control. Delay in surgical resection was associated with inferior LC, a finding that deserves further evaluation in a larger cohort.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Methods and Influencing Factors for the Simple and Rapid Identification of Depleted Uranium Weapon Use under Battlefield Conditions
Authors: Yu Tao , Yin Ya-Ru , Lu Bing-Hui , Yang Lu-Xun , Liu Jing , Ren Jiong , Yang Zhang-You , Hao Yu-Hui , Wang Wei-Dong , Li Rong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore how to rapidly and easily identify depleted uranium (DU) samples under battlefield conditions and to study the factors that influence their measurement. The air-absorbed dose rate and surface contamination levels for DU samples of 2–330 g were measured using a patrol instrument and portable energy spectrometer. The results were analyzed in accordance with IAEA standards for judging radioactive substances. The energy spectra of 5-g quantities of DU samples were analyzed using a high-purity germanium gamma spectrometer, and the uranium content of 100 mg DU samples was determined with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to clarify the type and composition of the uranium. The same batches of DU samples were identified using a portable gamma-ray spectrometer. We added 0–5 g environmental soil powders at different proportions. After sealing, the spectra were collected with a detection distance of 1–5 cm for 10 min. The activities of 238U and 235U nuclides in the samples were detected with an NaI(TI) scintillation detector. The 238U and 235U mass abundances in samples were calculated from measured specific activities. The sample was determined to contain DU if the 235U to 238U ratio was below 0.00723. It is found that for detecting DU materials with a low activity, surface contamination level measurements are more effective than calculating the air-absorbed external irradiation dose rate. Hence, for low-activity samples suspected to be radioactive, a radiometer with a high sensitivity for surface contamination is recommended, and the optimal measurement distance is 1–3 cm. Under all detection conditions, 238U can be identified using a portable gamma spectrometer, whereas 235U can only be detected under certain conditions. If these nuclides can be detected simultaneously, a 235U to 238U ratio of below 0.00723 indicates the presence of DU. The main factors affecting this identification include the sample mass, sample purity, measurement distance, and measurement time. For the rapid identification of DU with a portable gamma-ray spectrometer, the mass of uranium in the sample must be more than 1 g, the measuring distance needs to be less than 1 cm, and the measuring time must be 1–10 min. It is feasible to use a portable gamma-ray spectrometer to rapidly identify the types and composition of nuclides in DU samples. The detection of 235U activity is a precondition for the identification of DU.
Genetic Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes emm89 Strains Isolated in Japan From 2011 to 2019
Authors: Hirose Yujiro , Yamaguchi Masaya , Takemoto Norihiko , Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Sumitomo Tomoko , Nakata Masanobu , Ikebe Tadayoshi , Hanada Tomoki , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Kawahara Ryuji , Okuno Rumi , Otsuka Hitoshi , Matsumoto Yuko , Terashima Yuji , Kazawa Yu , Nakanishi Noriko , Uchida Kaoru , Akiyama Yumi , Iwabuchi Kaori , Nakagawa Chikara , Yamamoto Kazunari , Nizet Victor , Kawabata Shigetada 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Invasive infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes emm89 strains has been increasing in several countries linked to a recently emergent clade of emm89 strains, designated clade 3. In Japan, the features of emm89 S. pyogenes strains, such as clade classification, remains unknown. In this study, we collected emm89 strains isolated from both streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) (89 STSS isolates) and noninvasive infections (72 non-STSS isolates) in Japan from 2011 to 2019, and conducted whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis, which resulted in classification of a large majority into clade 3 regardless of disease severity. In addition, invasive disease-associated factors were found among emm89 strains, including mutations of control of virulence sensor, and absence of the hylP1 gene encoding hyaluronidase. These findings provide new insights into genetic features of emm89 strains.
Noninvasive Detection of Active Microcalcification in an Occlusive Peripheral Vascular Aneurysm Using 18F-NaF PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Eisert Susan Natalie , Chou Ting-Heng , Bobbey Adam J. , Go Michael R. , Stacy Mitchel R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A 65-year-old man with an occluded popliteal artery aneurysm and calf claudication underwent PET/CT imaging with 18F-NaF to assess the status of active microcalcification in the aneurysm site and additional lower extremity arteries. CT imaging revealed macrocalcification of the aneurysm that colocalized with elevated retention of 18F-NaF on PET images. PET/CT detected additional distal arterial sites with focal uptake of 18F-NaF that did not coincide with CT-detectable macrocalcification. This report highlights a case of active microcalcification in an occlusive peripheral aneurysm using PET/CT. PET/CT may provide molecular insight into the remodeling of lower extremity aneurysms and atherosclerotic lesions.