bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeating behaviour of FRB 121102: periodicity, waiting times, and energy distribution
Authors: Cruces M , Spitler L G , Scholz P , Lynch R , Seymour A , Hessels J W T , Gouiffés C , Hilmarsson G H , Kramer M , Munjal S 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Detections from the repeating fast radio burst FRB 121102 are clustered in time, noticeable even in the earliest repeat bursts. Recently, it was argued that the source activity is periodic, suggesting that the clustering reflected a not-yet-identified periodicity. We performed an extensive multiwavelength campaign with the Effelsberg telescope, the Green Bank telescope, and the Arecibo Observatory to shadow the Gran Telescope Canaria (optical), NuSTAR (X-ray) and INTEGRAL (γ-ray). We detected 36 bursts with Effelsberg, one with a pulse width of 39 ms, the widest burst ever detected from FRB 121102. With one burst detected during simultaneous NuSTAR observations, we place a 5σ upper limit of 5 × 1047 erg on the 3–79 keV energy of an X-ray burst counterpart. We tested the periodicity hypothesis using 165 h of Effelsberg observations and find a periodicity of 161 ± 5 d. We predict the source to be active from 2020 July 9 to October 14 and subsequently from 2020 December 17 to 2021 March 24. We compare the wait times between consecutive bursts within a single observation to Weibull and Poisson distributions. We conclude that the strong clustering was indeed a consequence of a periodic activity and show that if the few events with millisecond separation are excluded, the arrival times are Poisson distributed. We model the bursts’ cumulative energy distribution with energies from ∼1038–1039 erg and find that it is well described by a power law with slope of γ = −1.1 ± 0.2. We propose that a single power law might be a poor descriptor of the data over many orders of magnitude.
Secukinumab and ustekinumab treatment in psoriatic arthritis: results of a direct comparison
Authors: Letarouilly Jean-Guillaume , Flachaire Benoît , Labadie Céline , Kyheng Maéva , Cohen Nicolas , Sellam Jérémie , Richette Pascal , Dieude Philippe , Claudepierre Pascal , Fautrel Bruno , Houvenagel Eric , Nguyen Chi Duc , Guyot Marie-Hélène , Segaud Nicolas , Marguerie Laurent , Deprez Xavier , Salmon Jean-Hugues , Baudens Guy , Miceli-Richard Corinne , Gervais Elisabeth , Chary-Valckenaere Isabelle , Lafforgue Pierre , Philippe Peggy , Loeuille Damien , Richez Christophe , Tubach Florence , Pham Thao , Flipo René-Marc 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the characteristics of patients (pts) with PsA treated by ustekinumab (UST) or secukinumab (SEK) and to compare real-world persistence of UST and SEK in PsA.

Methods
In this retrospective, national, multicentre cohort study, pts with PsA (CASPAR criteria or diagnosis confirmed by the rheumatologist) initiating UST or SEK with a follow-up ≥6 months were included from January 2011 to April 2019. The persistence between SEK and UST was assessed after considering the potential confounding factors by using pre-specified propensity-score methods. Causes of discontinuation and tolerance were also collected.

Results
A total of 406 pts were included: 245 with UST and 161 with SEK. The persistence rate was lower in the UST group compared with the SEK group [median persistence 9.4 vs 14.7 months; 26.4% vs 38.0% at 2 years; weighted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.92; P =0.015]. In subgroup analysis, the persistence rate of SEK associated with MTX was significantly higher than that of UST associated with MTX: HR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.30, 3.51; P =0.001, in contrast to SEK vs UST monotherapy: HR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.53; P =0.75. Discontinuation due to inefficacy was reported in 91.7% (SEK) and 82.4% (UST) of pts. Discontinuation due to an adverse event was reported in 12.2% (SEK) and 7.7% (UST) of pts.

Conclusion
In this first study comparing UST and SEK, the persistence of SEK was higher than that of UST in PsA. In subgroup analysis, this difference was only found in association with MTX.
Nurse Perceptions of Babywearing for Neonates With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Williams Lela Rankin , Grisham Lisa M. , Gebler-Wolfe Molly , Kelsch Karen , Bedrick Alan , Bader M. Y. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Infants diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) often spend several weeks in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and have difficulty being consoled. Infant carriers may be used to help with irritability, while allowing the adult user to be more mobile, through the practice of babywearing (the facilitated holding of an infant using a soft cloth infant carrier worn on the body).

Purpose:
To examine the experience of babywearing infants diagnosed with NAS while admitted in the NICU from the perspective of the nurses who care for them.

Methods:
Nurses (N = 18; mean age = 35.44 years, SD = 9.45) were recruited and interviewed using a semistructured interview method from a 38-bed NICU in the Southwestern United States.

Results:
A thematic content analyses using an open coding scheme yielded 6 themes that fell into 2 categories: (1) benefits of babywearing infants with NAS in the NICU (Infant Consoling, Adult Multitasking, Caregiver–Infant Trust); and (2) suggestions to maximize babywearing in the NICU (Infection Control, Reoccurring Infant Carrier Education, and Reduced Patient Load).

Implications for Practice:
Many NICUs incorporate kangaroo care (or skin-to-skin contact) as a treatment option; however, NICU staff cannot participate in kangaroo care. Babywearing is a practical alternative for nurses and support staff. Nurses supported the practice of babywearing as a means to improve the well-being of infants with NAS while also allowing for increased efficiency in nursing tasks.

Implications for Research:
More prospective studies are needed that evaluate the carryover effects and long-term impact of babywearing for infants diagnosed with NAS.
Reliability of Low-dose Biplanar Radiography in Assessing Pediatric Torsional Pathology
Authors: Brooks Jaysson T. , Bomar James D. , Jeffords Megan E. , Farnsworth Christine L. , Pennock Andrew T. , Upasani Vidyadhar V. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Low-dose biplanar radiographs (LDBRs) significantly reduce ionizing radiation exposure and may be of use in evaluating lower extremity torsion in children. In this study, we evaluated how well femoral and tibial torsional profiles obtained by LDBR correspond with 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance axial imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients with suspected rotational abnormalities.

Methods:
Patients who had both LDBR and CT/MRI studies performed for suspected lower extremity rotational deformities were included. Unlike previous publications, this study focused on patients with lower extremity torsional pathology, and bilateral lower extremities of 17 patients were included. CT/MRI torsion was measured using the Reikerås method, after conversion to 3D reconstructions. The LDBRs were deidentified and sent to the software division of EOS imaging, who created 3D reconstructions and evaluated each reconstruction for the torsional quantification of the femurs and tibiae. These imaging modalities were compared using correlation statistics and Bland-Altman analyses.

Results:
The mean age of the cohort was 12.1±1.7 years old. Torsional values of the femur were significantly lower in LDBRs versus 3D CT/MRIs at 17.7±15.1 and 23.3±17.3, respectively (P=0.001). Torsional values of the tibia were similar in LDBRs versus 3D CT/MRIs at 23.6±10.6 and 25.3±11.2, respectively (P=0.503). There was a good intermodality agreement between LDBR and 3D CT/MRI torsional values in the femur (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.807) and tibia (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.768). Bland-Altman analyses showed a fixed bias with a mean difference of −5.6±8.8 degrees between femoral torsion measurements in LDBRs versus 3D CT/MRIs (P=0.001); 15% (5/34) of femurs had a clinically significant measurement discrepancy. Fixed bias for LDBR measurements compared with 3D CT/MRIs for the tibia was not observed (P=0.193), however, 12% (4/34) of tibias had a clinically significant measurement discrepancy.

Conclusion:
Although we found strong correlations between torsional values of the femur and tibia measured from LDBRs and 3D CT/MRIs, torsional values of the femur produced from LDBRs were significantly lower than values obtained from 3D CT/MRIs with some notable outliers.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
An Autopsy Review: “COVID Toes”
Authors: Yilmaz Mine M. , Szabolcs Matthias J. , Geskin Larisa J. , Niedt George W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
“Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2” (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has variable described dermatologic manifestations. “COVID (coronavirus disease) toes” became a hallmark of the disease in young and largely asymptomatic patients, who may have negative test results for SARS‐CoV‐2. Pernio (chilblains)-like lesions are seen mostly in infected pediatric patients and are purple painful, frequently bilateral, ill‐defined plaques with prominent inflammation on histological examination. In contrast to pernio‐like presentation in children, critically ill adult patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 develop “purple” digits that may be sharply demarcated and may demonstrate asymmetric areas of ischemia. These 2 contrasting entities are sometimes grouped together as “COVID toes” due to some similarities in clinical appearance and presentation. Here, we summarize histopathologic examination from an autopsy, including the cutaneous lesions from the affected and normal contralateral toes and correlate them with systemic findings. In contrast to pernio‐like lesions, the skin of the affected necrotic toes contained thrombi in vessels without prominent inflammation, suggestive of an embolic event. This is further supported by the clinical history of and autopsy findings of popliteal artery thrombus and multiple subsegmental pulmonary emboli. Our findings suggest that critically ill patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 have different pathological processes affecting skin at peripheral sites (ie, fingers, toes, ears, and nose), which may be due to thromboembolic events. The skin is a mirror of the body and skin pathology may shed light into overall pathogenesis of systemic illness and processes.
COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Latin American Children
Authors: Antúnez-Montes Omar Yassef , Escamilla Maria Isabel , Figueroa-Uribe Augusto Flavio , Arteaga-Menchaca Erick , Lavariega-Saráchaga Manuel , Salcedo-Lozada Perla , Melchior Priscilla , de Oliveira Rodrigo Beréa , Tirado Caballero Juan Carlos , Redondo Hernando Pinzon , Montes Fontalvo Laura Vanessa , Hernandez Roger , Chavez Carolina , Campos Francisco , Uribe Fadia , del Aguila Olguita , Rios Aida Jorge Alberto , Buitrago Andrea Parra , Betancur Londoño Lina Maria , Mendoza Vega León Felipe , Hernández Carolina Almeida , Sali Michela , Higuita Palacio Julian Esteban , Gomez-Vargas Jessica , Yock-Corrales Adriana , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: October 2020

Background:
To date, there are no comprehensive data on pediatric COVID-19 from Latin America. This study aims to assess COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in Latin American children, to appropriately plan and allocate resources to face the pandemic on a local and international level.

Methods:
Ambispective multicenter cohort study from 5 Latin American countries. Children 18 years of age or younger with microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or fulfilling MIS-C definition were included.

Findings:
Four hundred nine children were included, with a median age of 3.0 years (interquartile range 0.6–9.0). Of these, 95 (23.2%) were diagnosed with MIS-C. One hundred ninety-one (46.7%) children were admitted to hospital and 52 (12.7%) required admission to a pediatric intensive care unit. Ninety-two (22.5%) patients required oxygen support: 8 (2%) were started on continuous positive airway pressure and 29 (7%) on mechanical ventilation. Thirty-five (8.5%) patients required inotropic support. The following factors were associated with pediatric intensive care unit admission: preexisting medical condition (P < 0.0001), immunodeficiency (P = 0.01), lower respiratory tract infection (P < 0.0001), gastrointestinal symptoms (P = 0.006), radiologic changes suggestive of pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (P < 0.0001) and low socioeconomic conditions (P = 0.009).

Conclusions:
This study shows a generally more severe form of COVID-19 and a high number of MIS-C in Latin American children, compared with studies from China, Europe and North America, and support current evidence of a more severe disease in Latin/Hispanic children or in people of lower socioeconomic level. The findings highlight an urgent need for more data on COVID-19 in Latin America.
Change in Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion Pressure Due to Trendelenburg Positioning
Authors: Ristin Lauren , Dougherty Wood Sarah , Sullivan-Mee Michael , Rixon Andrew , Bence Brett , Ballinger Rex 
Published: October 2020

SIGNIFICANCE
This study increases foundational knowledge about the dynamic relationships between intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in the setting of steep Trendelenburg positioning and may inform medical decision making for patients in which this positioning is planned.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the demographic and clinical factors related to IOP, MOPP, and BP change during Trendelenburg positioning in a large sample of subjects.

METHODS
A single-cohort interventional study was conducted at the American Academy of Optometry 2017 annual meeting. Baseline demographic data were collected by a secure survey tool. IOP and BP were then measured while seated and again after 1 and 2 minutes in a steep Trendelenburg position. Raw and percentage differences for each variable were compared between time points, and regression analyses demonstrated factors related to change in IOP, BP, and MOPP during steep Trendelenburg positioning.

RESULTS
Median IOP increased from 16.3 mmHg (13.3 to 18.3 mmHg) at baseline to 25.0 mmHg (21.7 to 28.7 mmHg) at 1 minute after assuming the Trendelenburg position. More than 95% of individual eyes exhibited an IOP increase of at least 10%, and 45% had an IOP increase of 10 mmHg or greater. Correspondingly, MOPP fell from 50.3 mmHg (43.4 to 55.4 mmHg) at baseline to 36.3 mmHg (31.9 to 43.3 mmHg). Mean ocular perfusion pressure decreased by at least 10 in 90% of eyes. In multivariate regression analysis, factors independently related to percentage IOP increase were increasing weight, less myopic refractive error, lower baseline pulse, and lower baseline IOP (total r
2 = 0.31, P < .001). Conversely, weight was the only variable independently related to percent MOPP change, and this relationship was weak (r
2 = 0.05, P = .008).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirm that steep Trendelenburg positioning causes an increase in IOP and a decrease in MOPP in almost all eyes. Considering the identified causative factors will inform clinical education and provide foundational knowledge for future investigations.
Acute Brain Injury in Infant Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: An Autopsy Study*
Authors: Caturegli Giorgio , Cho Sung-Min , White Bartholomew , Chen Liam L. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Characterization of the types and timing of acute brain injury in infant autopsy patients after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Single tertiary-care center.

Patients:
Infants supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Measurements and Main Results:
Clinical and pathologic records were reviewed for infant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients who had undergone brain autopsy in a single center between January 2009 and December 2018. Twenty-four patients supported on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation had postmortem examination with brain autopsy. Median age at extracorporeal membrane oxygenation initiation was 82 days (interquartile range, 11–263 d), median age at time of death was 20 weeks (interquartile range, 5–44 wk), and median extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support duration was 108 hours (interquartile range, 35–366 hr). The most common acute brain injury found at autopsy was hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (58%) followed by intracranial hemorrhage (29%). The most common types of intracranial hemorrhage were intracerebral (17%), subarachnoid (17%), and subdural (8%). Only five infants (21%) did not have acute brain injury. Correlates of acute brain injury included low preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation oxygen saturation as well as elevated liver enzymes, total bilirubin, and lactate on days 1 and 3 of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Gestational age, Apgar scores, birth weight, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation duration, anticoagulation therapy, and renal and hepatic impairments were not associated with acute brain injury.

Conclusions:
Acute brain injury was observed in 79% of autopsies conducted in infants supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury was the most common type of brain injury (58%), and further associations with preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation acute brain injury require additional exploration.
Adult Cranioplasty and Perioperative Patient Safety: Does Plastic Surgery Facility Volume Matter?
Authors: Rochlin Danielle H. , Sheckter Clifford C. , Khosla Rohit K. , Lorenz Hermann Peter 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Cranioplasty lies at the intersection of neurosurgery and plastic surgery, though little is known about the impact of plastic surgery involvement. The authors hypothesized that adult cranioplasty patients at higher volume plastic surgery facilities would have improved inpatient outcomes. Adult cranioplasty encounters were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample from 2012 to 2014 based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. Regression models included the following variables: age, gender, race/ethnicity, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, payer, hospital size, region, and urban/teaching status. Outcomes included odds of receiving a flap, perioperative patient safety indicators, and mortality. The weighted sample included 49,305 encounters with diagnoses of neoplasm (31.2%), trauma (56.4%), infection (5.2%), a combination of these diagnoses (3.9%), or other diagnoses (3.2%). There were 1375 inpatient mortalities, of which 10 (0.7%) underwent a flap procedure. On multivariable regression, higher volume plastic surgery facilities and all diagnoses except uncertain neoplasm were associated with an increased likelihood of a flap procedure during the admission for cranioplasty, using benign neoplasm as a reference (P < 0.001). Plastic surgery facility volume was not significantly associated with likelihood of a patient safety indicator event. The highest volume plastic surgery quartile was associated with lower likelihood of inpatient mortality (P = 0.008). These findings support plastic surgery involvement in adult cranioplasty and suggest that these patients are best served at high volume plastic surgery facilities.
Ablepharon Macrostomia Syndrome: Rib Cartilage and Fat Grafting for Lower Lid Reconstruction
Authors: Kurnik Nicole M. , Leach Garrison A. , Singh Davinder J. , Mansueto Lisa A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome (AMS) is a rare condition with fewer than 20 cases being reported in the literature. Features of AMS include ablepharon, hypertelorism, macrostomia, dysplastic ears, sparse body hair, and ambiguous genitalia. The most significant phenotypic presentation is rudimentary eyelids resulting in exposure keratopathy, corneal abrasions, and potential blindness. Numerous methods including primary full thickness skin grafting, conjunctival sutures followed by full thickness skin grafting, and a combination of skin grafting and local flaps have been described for definitive eyelid reconstruction in these patients. The authors report the first case of autologous rib cartilage grafting and fat grafting for lower eyelid reconstruction in a patient with AMS.
Should international borders re-open? The impact of travel restrictions on COVID-19 importation risk
Authors: Liebig Jessica , Najeebullah Kamran , Jurdak Raja , Shoghri Ahmad El , Paini Dean 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTNovel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread across the world at an unprecedented pace, reaching over 200 countries and territories in less than three months. In response, many governments denied entry to travellers arriving from various countries affected by the virus. While several industries continue to experience economic losses due to the imposed interventions, it is unclear whether the different travel restrictions were successful in reducing COVID-19 importations. Here we develop a comprehensive framework to model daily COVID-19 importations, considering different travel bans. We quantify the temporal effects of the restrictions and elucidate the relationship between incidence rates in other countries, travel flows and the expected number of importations into the country under investigation. As a cases study, we evaluate the travel bans enforced by the Australian government. We find that international travel bans in Australia lowered COVID-19 importations by 87.68% (83.39 - 91.35) between January and June 2020. The presented framework can further be used to gain insights into how many importations to expect should borders re-open. Authorities may consider the presented information when planning a phased re-opening of international borders.
Identification of a peroxidase inhibitor that enhances kanamycin activity
Authors: Hui Zhen , Liu Shiyi , Cui Ruiqin , Zhou Biao , Hu Chunxia , Zhang Min , Deng Qiuyang , Cheng Shumin , Luo Yutian , Chen Huaisheng , Wu Jinsong , Lu Yuemei , Liu Xueyan , Dai Lingyun , Huang Wei 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThe threat of antimicrobial resistance calls for more efforts in basic science, drug discovery, and clinical development, particularly gram-negative carbapenem-resistant pathogens.Objectives and methodsWhole-cell–based screening was performed to identify novel antibacterial agents againstAcinetobacter baumanniiATCC19606. Spontaneously resistant mutant selection, whole-genome sequencing, and surface plasmon resonance were used for target identification and confirmation. Checkerboard titration assay was used for drug combination analysis.ResultsA small molecule named 6D1 with the chemical structure of 6-fluorobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one was identified and exhibited activity againstA. baumanniiATCC19606 strain (minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC = 1 mg/L). The mutation in the plasmid-derivedohrBgene that encodes a peroxidase was identified in spontaneously resistant mutants. Treatment of the bacteria with 6D1 resulted in increased sensitivity to peroxide such astert-butyl hydroperoxide. The binding of 6D1 and OhrB was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance. Interestingly, the MIC of kanamycin against spontaneously resistant mutants decreased. Finally, we identified the effect of 6D1 on enhancing the antibacterial activity of kanamycin, including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1)-producing carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae, but not in strains carrying kanamycin resistance genes.ConclusionsIn this study, we identified a peroxidase inhibitor that suppresses the growth ofA. baumanniiand enhances the antibacterial activity of kanamycin. We propose that peroxidase may be potentially used as a target for kanamycin adjuvant development.