bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permanent tuning of optical resonant modes of chalcogenide-coated microresonators
Authors: Huseyinoglu Ersin , Özgür Erol , Bakan Gökhan , Ortaç Bülend , Dana Aykutlu 
Published: April 2020

Chalcogenide materials are promising for optical resonant mode tuning of whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators due to their high nonlinearity. In this study, this phenomenon was demonstrated for

G
e

2

S
b

2

T
e

5

-coated toroidal microresonators using an optical postprocess, which utilizes the intrinsically photosensitive property of the

G
e

2

S
b

2

T
e

5

coating. A signal laser was used to illuminate the resonator for permanent tuning of the WGMs in a sensitive manner. 0.01 nm and 0.02 nm permanent tuning of the WGMs was recorded for 5 nm and 10 nm coated resonators, respectively. This technique enables resonance matching of coupled optical resonators, which could pave the way for optoelectronic circuitries employing multiple optical microresonators.
Hyperpolarizability dispersion measured for CS2 vapor
Authors: Fernandez Rodrigo N. , Shelton David P. 
Published: April 2020

The second hyperpolarizability () of carbon disulfide () is measured by gas-phase electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation for laser wavelengths in the range 765–1064 nm. The observed hyperpolarizability is decomposed into electronic () and vibrational () contributions, and the dispersion curve for is extrapolated to the static limit, with the result of atomic units esu (Taylor series convention). The results of this experiment agree with other recent nonlinear optical measurements and theoretical calculations.
Compact broadband suspended silicon photonic directional coupler
Authors: Sattari Hamed , Takabayashi Alain Yuji , Zhang Yu , Verheyen Peter , Bogaerts Wim , Quack Niels 
Published: April 2020

Directional couplers are extensively used in photonic integrated circuits as basic components for efficient on-chip photonic signal routing. Conventionally, directional couplers are fully encapsulated in the technology’s waveguide cladding material. In this Letter, we demonstrate a compact broadband directional coupler, fully suspended in air and exhibiting efficient power coupling in the cross state. The coupler is designed and built based on IMEC’s iSiPP50G standard platform, and hydrofluoric (HF) vapor-etching-based post-processing allows to release the freestanding component. A low insertion loss of 0.5 dB at

λ
=

1560

n
m

and a 1 dB bandwidth of 35 nm at

λ
=

1550

n
m

have been confirmed experimentally. With a small footprint of

20

µ

m

×

30

µ

m

and high mechanical stability, this directional coupler can serve as a basic building block for large-scale silicon photonic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) circuits.
Reduced Expression of the PP2A Methylesterase, PME-1, or the PP2A Methyltransferase, LCMT-1, Alters Sensitivity to Beta-Amyloid-Induced Cognitive and Electrophysiological Impairments in Mice
Authors: Staniszewski Agnieszka , Zhang Hong , Asam Kesava , Pitstick Rose , Kavanaugh Michael P. , Arancio Ottavio , Nicholls Russell E. 
Published: April 2020

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) is thought to play a critical role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and application of soluble oligomeric forms of Aβ produces AD-like impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity in experimental systems. We found previously that transgenic overexpression of the PP2A methylesterase, PME-1, or the PP2A methyltransferase, LCMT-1, altered the sensitivity of mice to Aβ-induced impairments, suggesting that PME-1 inhibition may be an effective approach for preventing or treating these impairments. To explore this possibility, we examined the behavioral and electrophysiological effects of acutely applied synthetic Aβ oligomers in male and female mice heterozygous for either aPME-1KO or anLCMT-1gene-trap mutation. We found that heterozygousPME-1KO mice were resistant to Aβ-induced impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity, whereasLCMT-1gene-trap mice showed increased sensitivity to Aβ-induced impairments. The heterozygousPME-1KO mice produced normal levels of endogenous Aβ and exhibited normal electrophysiological responses to picomolar concentrations of Aβ, suggesting that reduced PME-1 expression in these animals protects against Aβ-induced impairments without impacting normal physiological Aβ functions. Together, these data provide additional support for roles for PME-1 and LCMT-1 in regulating sensitivity to Aβ-induced impairments, and suggest that inhibition of PME-1 may constitute a viable therapeutic approach for selectively protecting against the pathologic actions of Aβ in AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElevated levels of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain are thought to contribute to the cognitive impairments observed in Alzheimer's disease patients. Here we show that genetically reducing endogenous levels of the PP2A methylesterase, PME-1, prevents the cognitive and electrophysiological impairments caused by acute exposure to pathologic concentrations of Aβ without impairing normal physiological Aβ function or endogenous Aβ production. Conversely, reducing endogenous levels of the PP2A methyltransferase, LCMT-1, increases sensitivity to Aβ-induced impairments. These data offer additional insights into the molecular factors that control sensitivity to Aβ-induced impairments, and suggest that inhibiting PME-1 may constitute a viable therapeutic avenue for preventing Aβ-related impairments in Alzheimer's disease.
Sedation and Non-Invasive Mask Ventilation in Patients with Delirium and Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Levikov D. I. , Marchenkov Yu. V. , Strizhkov N. A. , Zasimova M. Ya. , Shaibakova V. L. , Rodionov E. P. 
Published: April 2020

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine and haloperidol in patients with delirium and acute respiratory failure in non-invasive mask lung ventilation.Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective analysis of data on patients with somatogenic delirium and acute respiratory failure (57 men, 4 women) experienced noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the intensive care unit of the Botkin State Clinical Hospital in 2017–2018. Depending on the type of sedation the patients were divided into two groups: those on dexmedetomidine (n=31) and those receiving haloperidol (n=30). Dexmedetomidine was administered as a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.2–1.4 µg/kg/h while controlling the level of consciousness; haloperidol was administered by intravenous bolus injections until a sufficient level of sedation was reached in a dose of 2.5 mg 2–3 times a day.Results. The efficiency of sedation to achieve the required level of cooperation and possibility of NIV was 87.1% (27 patients) and 66.6% (20 patients) in dexmedetomidine and haloperidol groups. When estimating sedation in patients of both groups according to the RASS scale the scores did not differ significantly and were equal on the average to 1.7±0.3 (eye contact to voice). In haloperidol group in 10 out of 30 (33.3%) patients a sufficient level of sedation was not achieved, which required immediate tracheal intubation and invasive lung ventilation. Mortality in this group was 20% (6 patients), while in dexmedetomidine group it was 6.4% (2 patients).Conclusion. The use of dexmedetomidine, despite greater variability of hemodynamic parameters, allows to perform NIV with sufficient cooperation with the patient, reduces the frequency of tracheal intubation, risk of complications and mortality.
Open Online Course on Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Investigation of an Audience and the Effects of Distant Training
Authors: Birkun A. A. , Dantanarayana V. R. 
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the demand for the massive open online course on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to evaluate effects of the training based on the socio-demographic profile of the audience.Material and methods. The data obtained from a survey conducted on participants of the online course «First Aid in Cardiac Arrest (Basic Resuscitation)» during a one-year period (07.2018–07.2019) were analyzed, including demographic data, initial and final levels of knowledge on CPR, and willingness to resuscitate a stranger. The 5-point Lickert scale was used for self-assessment of knowledge and willingness to attempt CPR.Results. The analysis includes data collected from 11,924 people, out of which 3,445 (29%) have completed the training. Eighty percent of participants live in the Russian Federation. The mean age of trainees, who completed the course, was 25.7 years, 45% of them were males, 42% had learnt CPR previously, 12% had medical education. As a result of the training, a significant increase (P<0.001) in the willingness to attempt CPR (from 3.26 to 4.16 points) and an increase in self-perceived CPR knowledge (from 2.24 to 3.98 points) were registered. The percentage of trainees who expressed a high level of willingness to perform CPR (4–5 points) increased from 44% to 81% (P<0.001). The course was more likely to be completed by those trainees who had previous training in CPR (p<0.001), who initially demonstrated higher willingness to provide CPR (P=0.003) or a higher level of knowledge in CPR (P<0.001). Trainees who had previous CPR training showed a much higher level of knowledge, higher self-confidence and a higher level of readiness to provide CPR (P<0.001). Approximately 14% of trainees with medical education reported having no previous training in CPR.Conclusions. The massive open online course promotes knowledge of CPR and serves as an important tool for increasing the willingness of lay people to provide first aid in case of cardiac arrest. Previous CPR training is a motivating factor to continue education in resuscitation.
A Historical and Contemporary Discussion of the Tourism Industry in the Appalachian Region of the United States, with an analysis on its economic and sociological effects
Authors: Tarpey Nick 
Published: April 2020

Appalachia is defined as a roughly 1,000-mile long region in the eastern United States nestled in and around the Appalachian mountains. It is roughly 205,000 square miles and contains all or parts of twelve states: Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Ohio. The area was home to about 25 million people as of the 2010 census. It is important to note that the region has struggled with outmigration since the 1930s beginning with the onset of the Great Depression. (Appalachian Regional Commission 2017). Historically, Appalachia has been known as a unique region in the United States. Beginning with roots as a common settlement region for fiery Scotch-Irish immigrants in the 1700s, continued by earning a reputation as a center for moonshine production during the 1930s, and now known as a region where the wealthy buy their second and third homes, the region has consistently been able to craft its own, particular culture. With a population that is 42% rural (compared to a 20% rural population for the entire U.S.) and overwhelmingly Scotch-Irish in ethnic composition, the area differs from the mainstream US. Beset by poverty, the region needs tourism to be a viable industry in many of its locales. A population that is relatively low in educational achievement (Appalachia as whole averages a 22% college completion rate per county compared with a US rate of 29% per county) and does not have easy access to intellectual resources in many places needs a stable, job-providing industry (Appalachian Regional Commission 2017). The area once had a legacy in the mining and forestry industries, but according to the Appalachian Regional Commission, that era has passed and people now rely on a rebirth of manufacturing, service industries, and tourism to provide jobs (2017). Fortunately, the situation in Appalachia has improved since 1960, as the number of economically distressed counties in the region has declined from 295 in 1960 to 91 in 2014 (Appalachian Regional Commission 2017). The poverty rate of 17.1% is slightly above the national average of 14.3% (Appalachian Regional Commission 2017). The region has come to increasingly depend on the tourism industry to fill an economic void as gaps in basic services and the continual draining of potential intellectual capital from population loss continue to plague the area. This paper will examine contemporary perspectives on tourism in the Appalachian region and analyze their economic and sociological effects.
Nutrition and osteoporosis prevention and treatment
Authors: Hejazi Jalal , Davoodi Ali , Khosravi Mohammadreza , Sedaghat Meghdad , Abedi Vahideh , Hosseinverdi Sima , Ehrampoush Elham , Homayounfar Reza , Shojaie Layla 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Osteoporosis falls among the major general health issues, specifically in the elderly, and is a widespread disease these days. According to various studies, good nutrition plays a significant role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct an extensive literature review on the effects of different nutrients to understand how macronutrients, micronutrients, and non-nutritive substances affect bone health.
Methodology: To find relevant studies, the main keyword “osteoporosis” was searched in combination with “zinc,” “vitamin K,” “phosphorus,” “vitamin D,” “calcium,” “lipid,” “protein,” and “phytoestrogens” in PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, SID, and Iran Medex databases.
Findings: The most important element for bone health is calcium, which has a direct link to the bone mass density (BMD). In the case of calcium deficiency, high phosphorus content can damage bone tissue. The acceptable ratio of phosphorus to calcium is 0.5-1.5:1. Vitamin D is another important nutrient for bones; serum levels of vitamin D less than 20 ng/ml reduce bone density and increase the risk of fracture. High protein intake results in calcium excretion and loss of bone mass. In addition, calcium deficiency increases the risk of osteoporosis, specifically in the elderly. According to the literature, there is an inverse correlation between saturated fats and BMD. Vitamin K and magnesium deficiencies are correlated with BMD reduction and increased risk of osteoporosis. Copper and zinc are used as co-factors in the formation of collagen and elastin, and in mineralization of bone. As a result, deficiency of these elements may disrupt the process of incorporating minerals into the bone matrix.
Conclusion: Good nutrition may play a significant role in osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Indeed, a healthy diet containing calcium (1,200 mg/day); vitamin D (600 IU); and certain amounts of protein, magnesium, and vitamin K can contribute greatly to bone health.
Analysis of inelastic buckling of rectangular plates with a free edge using polynomial deflection functions
Authors: Eziefula Uchechi G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe inelastic buckling behaviour of different rectangular thin isotropic plates having a free edge is studied. Various combinations of boundary conditions are subject to in-plane uniaxial compression and each rectangular plate is bounded by an unloaded free edge. The characteristic deflection function of each plate is formulated using a polynomial function in form of Taylor–Maclaurin series. A deformation plasticity approach is adopted and the buckling load equation is modified using a work principle technique. Buckling coefficients of the plates are calculated for various aspect ratios and moduli ratios. Findings obtained from the investigation are found to reasonably agree with data published in the literature.
EMA Review of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Yescarta) for the Treatment of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Papadouli Irene , Mueller-Berghaus Jan , Beuneu Claire , Ali Sahra , Hofner Benjamin , Petavy Frank , Tzogani Kyriaki , Miermont Anne , Norga Koenraad , Kholmanskikh Olga , Leest Tim , Schuessler-Lenz Martina , Salmonson Tomas , Gisselbrecht Christian , Garcia Jordi Llinares , Pignatti Francesco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOn June 28, 2018, the Committee for Advanced Therapies and the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Yescarta for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, after two or more lines of systemic therapy. Yescarta, which was designated as an orphan medicinal product and included in the European Medicines Agency's Priority Medicines scheme, was granted an accelerated review timetable.The active substance of Yescarta is axicabtagene ciloleucel, an engineered autologous T-cell immunotherapy product whereby a patient's own T cells are harvested and genetically modified ex vivo by retroviral transduction using a retroviral vector to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising an anti-CD19 single chain variable fragment linked to CD28 costimulatory domain and CD3-zeta signaling domain. The transduced anti-CD19 CAR T cells are expanded ex vivo and infused back into the patient, where they can recognize and eliminate CD19-expressing cells.The benefits of Yescarta as studied in ZUMA-1 phase II (NCT02348216) were an overall response rate per central review of 66% (95% confidence interval, 56%–75%) at a median follow-up of 15.1 months in the intention to treat population and a complete response rate of 47% with a significant duration. The most common adverse events were cytokine release syndrome, neurological adverse events, infections, pyrexia, diarrhea, nausea, hypotension, and fatigue.
INI-1 (SMARCB1)–Deficient Undifferentiated Sinonasal Carcinoma: Novel Paradigm of Molecular Testing in the Diagnosis and Management of Sinonasal Malignancies
Authors: Shaverdashvili Khvaramze , Azimi-Nekoo Elham , Cohen Perry , Akbar Nadeem , Ow Thomas J. , Halmos Balazs , Castellucci Enrico 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Sinonasal tumors consist of a group of rare heterogeneous malignancies, accounting for 3%–5% of all head and neck cancers. Although squamous cell carcinomas make up a significant portion of cancers arising in the sinonasal tract, there are a variety of aggressive tumor types that can present with a poorly differentiated morphology and continue to pose diagnostic challenges. Accurate classification of these unique malignancies has treatment implications for patients. Recent discoveries have allowed more detailed molecular characterization of subsets of these tumor types, and may lead to individualized treatments. INI-1 (SMARCB1)–deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a recently identified subtype of sinonasal malignancy, which is characterized by deletion of the INI-1 tumor suppressor gene. Loss of INI-1 expression has emerged as an important diagnostic feature in several human malignancies including a subset of sinonasal carcinomas. In this article, we present a case of INI-1 (SMARCB1)–deficient sinonasal carcinoma, provide an overview of recent advances in histological and molecular classification of sinonasal malignancies, and discuss challenges of caring for patients with these rare malignancies, as well as potential treatment implications.

Key Points
Clinicians and pathologists should recognize that a variety of sinonasal tumors can present with a poorly differentiated morphology that warrants further workup and molecular classification. Routine workup of poorly or undifferentiated sinonasal tumors should include testing for INI-1/SMARCB1, SMARCA4, and NUT. Patients with these molecularly defined subsets of tumors may benefit from clinical trials that seek to exploit these molecular alterations. The EZH2 inhibitor, tazemetostat, has demonstrated some antitumor activity in INI-1–deficient tumors, and is currently under investigation.
Vitrectomy for the removal of intraocular foreign bodies: visual outcomes and prognostic factors
Authors: Aggarwal Somesh , C. Patel Kiran , D. Suthar Parth , H Shah Abhishek , Patel Mehul 
Published: April 2020

Penetrating ocular injuries with intraocular foreign bodies may result in severe visual loss. The posterior segment IOFBs are best treated by pars plana vitrectomy.To correlate the shape, size and location of posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies with visual outcome and its prognostic factors.Tertiary care center of ophthalmology, Ahmedabad , India This is a prospective study of 40 eyes of 40 patients who underwent Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the removal of posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies in Regional Institute of India. We studied the following parameters: age, gender, wound site, IOFB characteristics (shape, size, location), initial and final visual acuity.Among the study participants, 19 worked in factories, 6 were housekeepers, 7 were farmers and the remaining 5 patients were either unemployed or retired at the time of the injury. The foreign body was embedded in the surface of the retina (32.5%), located in the vitreous (55%) and in the sclera (12.5%). Nine patients (22.5%) developed delayed Retinal Detachment, which was the largest single cause of blindness in this group.Our study concludes that the larger the size of posterior segment IOFB, presence of pre-existing or secondary RD, vitreous hemorrhage poorer the prognosis. We also emphasize the use of protective eye equipments at workplace in preventing this disability caused by penetrating ocular injury.
A teoria da forma de Kandinsky: uma compreensão artística e subjetiva de elementos geométricos
Authors: Moraes João Carlos Pereira de 
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo emerge do encontro do seu pesquisador, um professor de matemática, com a obra Ponto e Linha sobre o Plano de Wassili Kandinsky (1866-1944). Deste encontro emerge o objetivo de analisar a relação de Kandinsky, em sua Teoria da Forma, com o pensamento geométrico para a construção da arte abstracionista. Para tanto, o pesquisador realiza uma leitura crítica da obra do artista, apontando os olhares e significâncias subjetivas dadas para os elementos geométricos ponto, linha e plano. Como resultado, nota-se que a obra do artista em questão ressoa, a partir de tais elementos, muito dos aspectos históricos e culturais do início do século XX, tanto os presentes na ciência quanto no ideário da sociedade.
Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Perforation Interaction on Perforation Stability Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Araki Naoto , Morita Nobuo 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Oil and gas reservoirs are normally completed as either openhole or perforated wells. Although a perforated well has hundreds of perforations, a single perforation is normally used for perforation interaction analysis, assuming the perforations are shot symmetrically and the stress state around a perforation is symmetric in both vertical and horizontal directions. However, for the single/double spiral perforations shot in inclined wells, no vertical and horizontal symmetry surfaces exist. The required elements for a multiperforation model are more than 10,000, which results in complex mesh generation and long computation time. In this study, we investigate perforation interaction to find the optimal perforation design that yields the highest productivity while maintaining mechanical stability. The practical implications of this work to the field are (1) the drawdown to cause perforation instability for gas flow is significantly less than oil flow. Therefore, when the gas flow becomes dominant either by enhanced oil recovery with CO2 or by low bottomhole flowing pressure below bubblepoint, the drawdown should be reduced to avoid sand production. (2) For inclined wells, the X-shaped staggered orientation perforations are the best pattern to delay onset of sand production without significantly reducing the well productivity. (3) For near-vertical wells, the conventional nonstaggered perforation pattern delays the onset of sand production due to the stress reduction in the vertical direction compared with the commonly used staggered perforation patterns.