bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREDICTIONS OF RISK TOLERANCE ACROSS DISEASE SCENARIOS AMONG OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Ju Catherine , Carpenter Brian 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Advance care planning requires older adults to contemplate what kind of medical care they would prefer if faced with serious illness. Those decisions involve weighing risks of medical treatments with quality of life. The purpose of this project was to explore older adults’ tolerance for risk in medical treatment scenarios. Thirty-three adults over age 60 (mean age = 74.9, SD = 8.9) were presented with four medical scenarios reflecting increasingly severe diseases (urinary incontinence, kidney failure, dysphagia, Alzheimer disease). For each, they were asked whether they would accept a treatment with increasing risk of death (5%, 50%, 95%). Participants also recorded demographic characteristics and completed a physical and mental health measure. Older adults were more willing to accept hypothetical treatments with lower risk of death (Cochran’s Q = 27.8 - 39.0, p’s &lt; .001), and they were more willing to accept treatments when faced with more severe diseases (Cochran’s Q = 8.7 - 29.8, p’s &lt; .05). There were no significant associations between risk tolerance and demographic and health characteristics. These results suggest that older adults are diverse in their willingness to accept medical treatments risks, at least when presented with hypothetical medical scenarios. Medical professionals and family members who collaborate with older adults should be aware of this diversity of preferences and check assumptions based in demographic and health characteristics. Given these nuances, interventions to promote communication about medical preferences are essential to patient-centered advance care planning and medical decision making.
OLDER AND MORE MINDFUL? ASSOCIATIONS OF MINDFULNESS CHARACTERISTICS AND WELL-BEING VARY WITH AGE
Authors: Mahlo Leeann , Windsor Tim D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Research examining how mindfulness confers benefits for well-being is in its infancy. Furthermore, few studies have considered the positive effects of mindfulness on psychological functioning from a lifespan perspective. The present study aimed to examine a recently proposed model of mindfulness and whether the importance of the proposed mechanisms for well-being varied as a function of age. A community-based sample of 623 participants aged between 18 and 86 years (M = 48.78, SD = 16.74) was recruited via an internet-based research platform. Participants completed questionnaire measures of mindful characteristics (i.e., present-moment attention, nonjudgment, interoception, acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering), flexible goal adjustment, and well-being. Parallel mediation analyses using bootstrapping showed that both present-moment attention and nonjudgment provided significant pathways to (a) well-being through acceptance, nonattachment, and decentering; and (b) flexible goal adjustment through nonattachment and decentering. Furthermore, most aspects of mindfulness were positively associated with age. Conditional process analyses revealed that the direct relationships between (1) present-moment attention and well-being, (2) nonjudgment and well-being, and (3) decentering and flexible goal adjustment were significant for adults from around age 40 and became stronger with increasing age. The findings provide preliminary support for a recently proposed model of mindfulness and suggest that present-moment attention, nonjudgment, and decentering may become especially important for well-being across the second half of life. In particular, these aspects of mindfulness may represent psychological qualities that require a relatively modest investment of physiological and cognitive resources and can be targeted in interventions designed to enhance well-being in later adulthood.
A TYPICAL WEEK WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A PHOTO-ELICITATION STUDY
Authors: Wool Jenny , Renn Brenna N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an important precursor to dementia syndromes and carries with it both public and personal health significance, yet affected individuals may experience stigma, fear, and reluctance to participate in research or access services. Identifying the experience of people with MCI may help develop research agendas, interventions, and other supports to better match patients’ needs. To this end, we conducted photo-elicitation interviews with 11 community-dwelling adults aged 57-79 years with diagnosed MCI. Interviews took place remotely using teleconferencing software to reduce access barriers. Each semi-structured interview used 5-10 participant-generated photographs to elicit the experience of living with MCI, barriers to daily activities, and facilitators and supports. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using Dedoose software. Qualitative analysis revealed themes of important activities, including physical activity, social engagement, and cognitive stimulation. Barriers presented by MCI included difficulty with former routines (e.g., cooking, finances), reduction of activities, and perceived stigma or fear of disclosure. Facilitators of daily activities included increased use of new strategies and environmental supports (e.g., calendars, smartphones), in addition to social and familial support. Multiple participants noted that the diagnosis of MCI led to opportunities for inner reflection and seeking a sense of inner calmness. Incorporating participant-generated images aided in data collection and facilitated discussion of sensitive topics with a cognitively impaired sample. Clinicians and researchers should support engagement in meaningful activities, assess barriers to important daily activities, and consider support to match the experience and needs of those with MCI.
GIVE A PIECE OF YOUR MIND: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF A FACEBOOK SUPPORT GROUP FOR DEMENTIA CAREGIVERS
Authors: Lagervall Jenny A , Lag Madeline R , Brickman Sophie , Ingram Rebecca E , Feliciano Leilani 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The online environment offers individuals a means of obtaining information, support, and social connection. Older adults are growing users of the internet1. Online support groups (e.g., Facebook groups) have been found to provide health-related information and encourage mental well-being2. They may be particularly advantageous for caregivers of individuals diagnosed with dementia, as it is difficult to leave loved ones with dementia alone. However, the mechanisms by which online support groups engage caregivers, and the content of support, have yet to be explored. In the current study, content from 100 posts from a private Facebook caregiver support group were evaluated for gender of post author, relationship to the person receiving care, distress, emotional tone, grief reaction, caregiver burden, and coping strategy. Results indicated that caregiver distress was associated with the presence of grief reactions, negative emotional tone, and higher caregiver burden. Utilizing venting as a coping strategy was associated with higher caregiver burden, similar to what is observed in a traditional in-person support group. Online communication for caregivers may provide an indication of caregivers’ psychological well-being, as specific coping strategies and grief reactions indicated higher levels of caregiver burden and distress. Research on interventions for dementia caregivers may benefit from a focus on online social support as a means of accessing caregivers and treatment delivery.
GENDER AND BELIEFS ABOUT SUCCESSFUL AGING IN EASTERN NEPAL
Authors: Qiu Xiao , Sun Na , McLaughlin Sara J , Subedi Janardan , Thapa Suman S , Shrestha Mohan K , Johnson Matthew , Williams-Blangero Sarah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Gender shapes opportunities and experiences over the life course, which may influence beliefs about what it means to age successfully. In Nepal, a developing nation in South Asia, women and girls have historically had fewer social and economic opportunities than their male counterparts. To understand how gender may shape beliefs about successful aging, adult members of the Jiri population in eastern Nepal were asked to rate the importance of health-related (e.g., longevity), psychological (e.g., satisfaction with life), and social (e.g., support of family and friends) elements of successful aging (n = 1479; 52.9% female; 49.0% age 18-39, 33.1% age 40 to 59, 17.8% age 60 and over). Each of the 13 elements was rated as very important by over two thirds of the sample. Few gender differences in beliefs were observed; however, results of logistic regression analysis indicate that the odds of Jiri women endorsing longevity (OR = 0.75, p = 0.02) and life satisfaction (OR = 0.65, p = 0.02) as very important to successful aging were significantly lower than for men, controlling for age, education, and presence of illness. While more similarities than differences in beliefs about successful aging were observed by gender, the extent to which socially-defined roles and expectations may be responsible for observed differences should be explored in future research.
THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE TRAINING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM IN COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF ELDERLY FACILITY RESIDENTS
Authors: Tseng Chien-Ning 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined cognitive training (CT) and physical activity (PA) intervention in improving cognitive function for institutionalized older residents with cognitive impairment. An experimental design with pre/post-test evaluations in a double-blind assessments at three points (baseline, T0; post-treatment, T1; 8-weeks-follow-up, T2), conducted an 8-week-CTPA intervention. Participants (N=134) were recruited from 12 institutions. Centers were randomly assigned into wait-list control, treatment I or treatment II groups. Treatment I group (low frequency) underwent combined 30-minutes sessions of individual-non-computer-based multi-domain CT (twice a week) with 30-minutes-group-chair-based PA (3 times a week). Treatment II group underwent the same protocol as Treatment I group, but with high frequency, 5 days per week for both CT and PA. The primary outcome, Cognitive Assessment Screening Instrument(CASI) total scores showed significant improvement in the treatment I and treatment II groups at T1-T0 and T2-T0, compared to the wait-list control group(10.55±9.60, 12.75±11.64, -8.01±6.61, p=0.000; 8.32±7.81, 11.75±10.19, -7.11±5.78, p=0.000), however there were no significant differences between two treatment groups. In CASI’s nine sub-domains, all the mean difference between groups were also significant at T1-T0 and T2-T0 (all p&lt;0.05). The two treatment groups only significantly differ on CASI-ORIENT domain at T2-T0 (p=0.02). The findings revealed that a combined CT-and-PA intervention have positive immediate (T1-T0) and delayed (T2-T0) effects in cognitive function for older institutional residents with cognition-impairment. The two treatment groups did not show dose-response relationship. Even more, the low frequency intervention was more effective on several domains than high frequency intervention did.
PERCEIVED CONTROL AND CORTISOL STRESS REACTIVITY: VARIATIONS BY AGE, RACE, AND FACETS OF CONTROL
Authors: Wen Jin-Hui , Sin Nancy L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Greater perceived control is associated with better aging-related health outcomes, and these associations have previously been shown to differ based on sociodemographics. Physiological stress responses—including cortisol reactivity to stressors—may underlie the link between perceived control and health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the associations of perceived control and its facets (personal mastery and perceived constraints) with cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stressors, in addition to the moderating roles of age and race. Participants (N = 737) ages 25-75 completed a perceived control questionnaire and two lab-based stress tasks. Salivary cortisol was collected pre- and post-stressor exposure. The results showed no main effects of perceived control, personal mastery, nor perceived constraints on salivary cortisol reactivity to stressors. However, age and race moderated the association between perceived constraints and post-stressor cortisol level, adjusting for baseline cortisol, sociodemographics, and health covariates. Among white participants, younger adults who reported higher constraints had elevated cortisol responses compared to those who reported lower constraints, whereas constraints were unrelated to cortisol reactivity among midlife and older adults. Among black participants, perceived control and its subscales were unrelated to cortisol, regardless of age. These findings suggest that older age buffers against the association between constraints and stress reactivity, but this buffering effect is only evident for white participants. Future research on the role of perceived control in stress and health should consider the importance of racial differences, facets of control, and age variations.
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN NON-COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND CAREGIVER DEPRESSION
Authors: Tang Weizhou 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPS) represent a heterogeneous group of non-cognitive symptoms occurring in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD), and they are often associated with negative outcomes for AD caregivers. Evidence indicates differences in caregivers’ mental health across race/ethnic groups. However, there is a lack of research that compares racial differences in BPS in PwAD. This study aims to compare racial differences in BPS in PwAD and caregiver depression. The study analyzed data collected from the South Carolina AD Registry in 2010. The survey used in the interview included measures of caregiver depression, caregiver burden, PwAD’s non-cognitive symptoms, caregiving competence, caregiver distress, and demographics. The final analysis focused on 635 African-American (n=313) and white (n=322) caregivers. Mann-Whitney U-tests, Chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression were conducted. Among all PwAD, higher percentage of whites than African Americans exhibited apathy/indifference (67.52% vs 52.44%, p=.0001), depression/dysphoria (61.54% vs 44.59%, p&lt;.0001), and anxiety (45.08% vs 29.64%, p&lt;.0001). In terms of both frequency and severity of BPS, whites had significantly higher BPS score (Mean=35.49, SD=24.75) than African Americans (Mean=28.13, SD=23.97; p&lt;.0001). Mean comparisons indicated significant group differences in caregiver depressive symptoms between white caregivers (mean=11.89, SD=6.90) and African-American caregivers (mean=9.41, SD=5.77). However, there were no racial differences in the relationship between BPS in PwAD and caregiver depression. The findings of this study highlight the importance of developing more effective and targeted treatment options and therapies for neuropsychiatric symptoms and delivering cultural relevant education programs/interventions to ethnic groups.
STEADI-RX: ADAPTING CDC’S STEADI INITIATIVE FOR USE IN COMMUNITY PHARMACIES
Authors: Burns Elizabeth R , Ferreri Stefanie , Robinson Jessica , Refroe Chelsea 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Falls among older adults (age 65 and older) cause roughly 3 million emergency department visits and $50 billion in medical costs annually. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) initiative to increase clinical fall prevention. STEADI encourages screening for fall risk annually, assessing modifiable risk factors, and intervening to reduce risk using effective strategies like medication management. Medication management is critical given new data on the increased use of medications linked to falls. In 15 years, opioid use among older adults increased from 15% to 35% and anticonvulsant use tripled from 4% to 14%. To address the issue, CDC partnered with the University of North Carolina who 1) adapted STEADI tools for use in community pharmacies and 2) piloted and assessed their use in 31 North Carolina pharmacies. The adapted tools and processes were branded STEADI-Rx. Community pharmacists following the STEADI-Rx initiative, screen older patients for fall risk in the pharmacy, perform a medication review to identify medications that could increase fall risk, and intervene to reduce risk by sharing information with the patients’ healthcare providers. Providers can then optimize medications to reduce fall risk and improve health. STEADI-Rx tools include 1) a community pharmacy algorithm, outlining how pharmacists can conduct fall risk screening, assessment, and care coordination; 2) a community pharmacy fall risk checklist; and 3) communication materials to help pharmacists share information with patients’ providers. STEADI-Rx was launched in July 2019. More information is available at www.cdc.gov/STEADI.
FALLS IN MID-LIFE: A SCOPING LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Zecevic Aleksandra , Bozzo Daniella , Stirling Alison , Gagne Helene 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The implications of falls of middle-aged adults (40-64 years) on falling in late life (65+) have not received much attention. The patterns of falling over the lifespan require more research. The purpose of this scoping literature review was to answer: What is known about falls occurring in mid-life? and How falls in mid-life relate to falling over the adult lifespan? A six-stage scoping literature review framework by Levac et al. (2010) was followed. A total of 5,136 titles were identified in CINAHL, EMBASE and MEDLINE using MeSH terms for accidental fall, middle-aged and longitudinal studies. Inclusion/exclusion criteria narrowed the search to 30 full-text research articles and nine gray literature sources that were charted. Literature on falls in mid-life produced five discrete themes: two distinct populations of fallers, prevalence rates, fall-related injuries, causes of falls, and risk factors for falling. The two groups of fallers were the general population (falls prevalence 8.7-35.8%) and the special population of mid-life adults living with chronic health conditions (falls prevalence 26% for diabetes and 32.3% intellectual disabilities). Middle-aged adults had a higher proportion of injurious falls (11.5-30%) compared to older adults and extrinsic risk factors were the most frequent causes of falling (83.3%). For special populations, the risk of falls was frequently attributed to intrinsic factors. In conclusion, falls in mid-life require further exploration to establish patterns over the adult lifespan, determine influence of chronic diseases, establish clear fall incidences and risk factors, and determine if current falls prevention interventions are appropriate for mid-life adults.
A SURVEY OF FALLS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG OLDER COMMUNITY-DWELLERS
Authors: WU Meng-Ling , Wu Shang-Yu , Tseng Chien-Ning 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
After surveying elderly people in northern Taiwan with a structured questionnaire to collect basic information and experience of falls in the past year. In total, 250 valid questionnaires were gathered. The SPSS software package used in statistical analysis of data and a p-value &lt;0.05 was considered to reflect statistical significance by Chi-square (χ2) test. In this study, 176 female accounted for 70.4%; 213 people living with family accounted for 85.2%; 68 people aged 66-70 years old accounted for 27.2%; 85 people with public education at the elementary level accounted for 34%. 156 people with falling experience accounted for 62.3%; 60 people who fell home accounted for 38.5%; 74 people who fell during outdoor activities accounted for 47.4%; 63 people fell in walking, cycling and sports, accounting for 85.1%. In addition, there is a significant correlation between residents’ medication and fall experience; Such as antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, and analgesics, are more statistically significant about fall; and taking sedative, muscle relaxation, Chinese medicine, there is no statistically significant. This shows that it is very important to prevent the fall of the elderly and the safety of the elderly during outdoor activities. In addition to the need to increase the muscles and strength of the elderly, it is also necessary to strengthen the outdoor space and drug education for the elderly.
WHEN GRANDPA SAYS SOMETHING RACIST: THE ROLE OF AGEISM IN YOUNG ADULT RESPONSES
Authors: Sawyer Jennifer , Helphrey Jessica H , Smith Leah N , Mokhtari Ben K , Sandlin Allie M , Reed Christopher , Rodriguez Daniel , Barnett Michael D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous research has found that older adults endorse higher levels of racist attitudes than younger adults. However, little extant research has explored how young adults may respond to an older adult expressing racist views. One factor that may drive young adults’ responses is ageism, particularly stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of changing their views. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between ageism and young adults’ likely responses to an older adult relative making a racist statement. College students (N = 110; 75.8% female) completed an online survey in which they were given a scenario in which an older adult relative makes a racist statement and rated how likely they would be to respond in different ways. Factor analysis of the likely response items found four facets: confront, agree, avoid, and leave. Bivariate correlations found that ageism was associated with higher likelihood of agreeing or avoiding, and lower likelihood of confronting the older adult relative. There was no association between ageism and likelihood of leaving the situation. Young adults higher in ageism may be more likely to agree or avoid because of ageist stereotypes that older adults cannot handle disagreement or are incapable of change, and they may be more likely to agree with the racist statement because they may have higher levels of intolerance toward both older adults and other ethnic groups. Ageism may play a role in how young adults respond to older adults expressing intolerant views.
THE ASSOCIATION OF PAIN WITH PAST AND FUTURE SELF-CONTINUITY
Authors: Fennell Gillian , Yip Abby Pui Wang , Reid Cary , Loeckenhoff Corinna 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Qualitative research on chronic pain patients’ subjective experiences has documented feelings of discontinuity between present and past selves due to changes in physical functioning and social roles. This investigation is the first to test the relationship between pain and self-continuity quantitatively and does so across two samples: Study 1 involved an adult community sample (n = 230, aged 18-87) and Study 2 involved a sample of older chronic pain patients (n = 145, aged 45-94). We explored potential differences for proximal versus distant selves and past versus future selves. In both studies, pain magnitude was negatively associated with average self-continuity (ps &lt;.05), although the effect was selectively driven by future self-continuity in Study 1 (p &lt; .01) and past self-continuity in Study 2 (p &lt; .01). Additionally, in Study 2, recency of pain onset was negatively associated with past self-continuity (p &lt; .001), but not with future self-continuity (p = .47). These findings suggest that chronic pain may be detrimental to self-continuity, with some variability linked to magnitude and chronicity of the pain. Health care providers may want to monitor their patients for feelings of disconnectedness with past and future selves. Future research is needed to identify therapeutic strategies that promote a continuous sense of self in spite of pain-related challenges.