bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the performance of the Bayesian mixing tool MixSIAR with fatty acid data for quantitative estimation of diet
Authors: Guerrero Alicia I. , Rogers Tracey L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe test the performance of the Bayesian mixing model, MixSIAR, to quantitatively predict diets of consumers based on their fatty acids (FAs). The known diets of six species, undergoing controlled-feeding experiments, were compared with dietary predictions modelled from their FAs. Test subjects included fish, birds and mammals, and represent consumers with disparate FA compositions. We show that MixSIAR with FA data accurately identifies a consumer’s diet, the contribution of major prey items, when they change their diet (diet switching) and can detect an absent prey. Results were impacted if the consumer had a low-fat diet due to physiological constraints. Incorporating prior information on the potential prey species into the model improves model performance. Dietary predictions were reasonable even when using trophic modification values (calibration coefficients, CCs) derived from different prey. Models performed well when using CCs derived from consumers fed a varied diet or when using CC values averaged across diets. We demonstrate that MixSIAR with FAs is a powerful approach to correctly estimate diet, in particular if used to complement other methods.
Population viability in a host-parasitoid system is mediated by interactions between population stage structure and life stage differential susceptibility to toxicants
Authors: Stark John D. , McIntyre Jenifer K. , Banks John E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of toxicants, such as pesticides, may be more severe for some life stages of an organism than others. However, in most toxicity studies, data is developed for only one life stage, which may lead to misleading interpretations. Furthermore, population stage-structure may interact with differential susceptibility, especially when populations consist of higher proportions of individuals in more susceptible stages at the time of toxicant exposure. We explore the interaction of differential stage susceptibility and stage distribution using a stage-structured Lefkovitch matrix model. We incorporate lab-derived toxicity data for a common parasitoid, the braconidDiaeretiella rapae(M’Intosh), a common natural enemy of the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicaeL.), exposed to the pesticide imidacloprid. We compare population outcomes of simulations in which we vary both the population stage structure along with the susceptibility of each stage to toxicants. Our results illustrate an interaction between differential susceptibility and initial stage distribution, highlighting the fact that both of these demographic features should be considered in interpreting toxicity data and the development of ecological risk assessments.
Abnormal microscale neuronal connectivity triggered by a proprioceptive stimulus in dystonia
Authors: Sakellariou Dimitris F. , Dall’Orso Sofia , Burdet Etienne , Lin Jean-Pierre , Richardson Mark P. , McClelland Verity M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe investigated modulation of functional neuronal connectivity by a proprioceptive stimulus in sixteen young people with dystonia and eight controls. A robotic wrist interface delivered controlled passive wrist extension movements, the onset of which was synchronised with scalp EEG recordings. Data were segmented into epochs around the stimulus and up to 160 epochs per subject were averaged to produce a Stretch Evoked Potential (StretchEP). Event-related network dynamics were estimated using a methodology that features Wavelet Transform Coherency (WTC). Global Microscale Nodal Strength (GMNS) was introduced to estimate overall engagement of areas into short-lived networks related to the StretchEP, and Global Connectedness (GC) estimated the spatial extent of the StretchEP networks. Dynamic Connectivity Maps showed a striking difference between dystonia and controls, with particularly strong theta band event-related connectivity in dystonia. GC also showed a trend towards higher values in dystonia than controls. In summary, we demonstrate the feasibility of this method to investigate event-related neuronal connectivity in relation to a proprioceptive stimulus in a paediatric patient population. Young people with dystonia show an exaggerated network response to a proprioceptive stimulus, displaying both excessive theta-band synchronisation across the sensorimotor network and widespread engagement of cortical regions in the activated network.
Assessment of the hepatic tumor extracellular matrix using elastin-specific molecular magnetic resonance imaging in an experimental rabbit cancer model
Authors: Keller Sarah , Borde Tabea , Brangsch Julia , Reimann Carolin , Kader Avan , Schulze Daniel , Buchholz Rebecca , Kaufmann Jan O. , Karst Uwe , Schellenberger Eyk , Hamm Bernd , Makowski Marcus R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo investigate the imaging performance of an elastin-specific molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe with respect to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in an experimental hepatic cancer model. Twelve rabbits with hepatic VX2 tumors were examined using 3 T MRI 14, 21, and 28 days after tumor implantation for two subsequent days (gadobutrol, day 1; elastin-specific probe, day 2). The relative enhancement (RE) of segmented tumor regions (central and margin) and the peritumoral matrix was calculated using pre-contrast and delayed-phase T1w sequences. MRI measurements were correlated to histopathology and element-specific and spatially resolved mass spectrometry (MS). Mixed-model analysis was performed to assess the performance of the elastin-specific probe. In comparison to gadobutrol, the elastin probe showed significantly stronger RE, which was pronounced in the tumor margin (day 14–28: P ≤ 0.007). In addition, the elastin probe was superior in discriminating between tumor regions (χ2(4) = 65.87; P < 0.001). MRI-based measurements of the elastin probe significantly correlated with the ex vivo elastinstain (R = .84; P <0 .001) and absolute gadolinium concentrations (ICP-MS: R = .73, P <0 .01). LA-ICP-MS imaging confirmed the colocalization of the elastin-specific probe with elastic fibers. Elastin-specific molecular MRI is superior to non-specific gadolinium-based contrast agents in imaging the ECM of hepatic tumors and the peritumoral tissue.
Integrated analysis identifies AQP9 correlates with immune infiltration and acts as a prognosticator in multiple cancers
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Xu Qian , Li Zijing , Xiong Bin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAquaporin 9 (AQP9), as an aquaglyceroporin, is expressed in many immune cells and plays important role in tumor initiation and progression. However, the relationship between AQP9 and tumor-infiltrating cells, and its prognostic value in cancers still require comprehensive understanding. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the correlations of AQP9 with prognosis and immune infiltration levels in diverse cancers. We detected the expression and survival data of AQP9 through Oncomine, TIMER, Kaplan–Meier Plotter and PrognoScan databases. The correlations between AQP9 and immune infiltrates were analyzed in TIMER database. Our results found that high AQP9 expression was significantly correlated with worse prognosis in breast, colon and lung cancers, while predicted better prognosis in gastric cancer. Moreover, AQP9 had significant association with various immune infiltrating cells including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and diverse immune gene markers in BRCA, COAD, LUAD, LUSC and STAD. AQP9 was also significantly correlated with the regulation of tumor associated macrophages (TAM). These results indicate that AQP9 can play as a significant biomarker to determine the prognosis and the immune infiltrating levels in different cancers. It might also contribute to the development of the immunotherapy in breast, colon, lung and gastric cancers.
The neural mechanism of aesthetic judgments of dynamic landscapes: an fMRI study
Authors: Zhao Xueru , Wang Junjing , Li Jinhui , Luo Guang , Li Ting , Chatterjee Anjan , Zhang Wei , He Xianyou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost previous neuroaesthetics research has been limited to considering the aesthetic judgment of static stimuli, with few studies examining the aesthetic judgment of dynamic stimuli. The present study explored the neural mechanisms underlying aesthetic judgment of dynamic landscapes, and compared the neural mechanisms between the aesthetic judgments of dynamic landscapes and static ones. Participants were scanned while they performed aesthetic judgments on dynamic landscapes and matched static ones. The results revealed regions of occipital lobe, frontal lobe, supplementary motor area, cingulate cortex and insula were commonly activated both in the aesthetic judgments of dynamic and static landscapes. Furthermore, compared to static landscapes, stronger activations of middle temporal gyrus (MT/V5), and hippocampus were found in the aesthetic judgments of dynamic landscapes. This study provided neural evidence that visual processing related regions, emotion-related regions were more active when viewing dynamic landscapes than static ones, which also indicated that dynamic stimuli were more beautiful than static ones.
The complete chloroplast genome sequences of five pinnate-leaved Primula species and phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Xia Boshun , Li Xinwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe six pinnate-leaved species are a very particular group in the genusPrimula.In the present paper, we sequenced, assembled and annotated the chloroplast genomes of five of them (P. cicutarrifolia,P.hubeiensis,P. jiugongshanensis,P. merrilliana,P.ranunculoides). The five chloroplast genomes ranged from ~ 150 to 152 kb, containing 113 genes (four ribosomal RNA genes, 29 tRNA genes and 80 protein-coding genes). The six pinnate-leaved species exhibited synteny of gene order and possessed similar IR boundary regions in chloroplast genomes. The geneaccDwas pseudogenized inP.filchnerae. In the chloroplast genomes of the six pinnate-leavedPrimulaspecies, SSRs, repeating sequences and divergence hotspots were identified;ycf1andtrnH-psbAwere the most variable markers among CDSs and noncoding sequences, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the sixPrimulaspecies were separated into two distant clades: one was formed byP.filchneraeandP.sinensisand the other clade was consisting of two subclades, one formed byP.hubeiensisandP.ranunculoides, the other byP. merrilliana,P. cicutarrifoliaandP.jiugongshanensis.P.hubeiensiswas closely related withP.ranunculoidesand therefore it should be placed into Sect.Ranunculoides.P. cicutarrifoliadid not group first withP.ranunculoidesbut withP. merrilliana, although the former two were once united in one species, our results supported the separation ofP.ranunculoidesfromP. cicutarrifoliaas one distinct species.
Analytic modelling of a planar Goubau line with circular conductor
Authors: Schaich Tobias , Molnar Daniel , Al Rawi Anas , Payne Mike 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlanar Goubau lines show promise as high frequency, low-loss waveguides on a substrate. However, to date only numerical simulations and experimental measurements have been performed. This paper analytically investigates the surface wave mode propagating along a planar Goubau line consisting of a perfectly conducting circular wire on top of a dielectric substrate of finite thickness but infinite width. An approximate equation for the propagation constant is derived and solved through numerical integration. The dependence of the propagation constant on various system parameters is calculated and the results agree well with full numerical simulations. In addition, the spatial distribution of the longitudinal electric field is reported and excellent agreement with a numerical simulation and previous studies is found. Moreover, validation against experimental phase velocity measurements is also reported. Finally, insights gained from the model are considered for a Goubau line with a rectangular conductor. The analytic model reveals that the propagating mode of a planar Goubau line is hybrid in contrast to the transverse magnetic mode of a classic Goubau line.
Novel multimodal molecular imaging of Vitamin H (Biotin) transporter activity in the murine placenta
Authors: Ben-Eliezer Noam , Lysenko Marina , Bilton Inbal E. , Golani Ofra , Bartels Jennifer L. , Fernandez Solana R. , Aweda Tolulope A. , Clanton Nicholas A. , Beacham Rebecca , Lapi Suzanne E. , Garbow Joel R. , Neeman Michal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVitamin H (biotin) is delivered to the fetus transplacentally by an active biotin-transport mechanism and is critical for fetal development. Our objective was to develop a comprehensive MRI technique for mapping biotin transporter activity in the murine placenta. Visualization of transporter activity can employ MRI’s unique T2*-dependent signal ‘off-switch’, which is triggered by transporter mediated aggregation of biotinylated contrast agent (b-BSA-Gd-DTPA). MRI data were collected from pregnant mice after administration of b-BSA-Gd-DTPA and analyzed using a new sub-voxel biophysical signal model. Validation experiments included competition with native biotin, comparative tests using PET, histology, and ICPMS. MRI signal was governed by binding, aggregation, and clearance of biotin (confirmed by histology). Signal dynamics reflected the placenta’s perfusion pattern modulated by biotin transporter activity and trophoblast mediated retention, and were in congruence with a three-compartment sub-voxel model. Pre-saturation of the transporters with free biotin suppressed b-BSA-Gd-DTPA uptake. The results were confirmed by PET, histology and ICPMS. The presented MRI-based platform allows to track activity of essential molecular transporters in the placenta, reflecting a transporter-mediated uptake, followed by retention and aggregation, and recycling associated with the large b-BSA-Gd-DTPA conjugate. The presented DCE-MRI technique can furthermore be used to map and characterize microstructural compartmentation and transporter activity without exposing the fetus to contrast media.
Assessment of metastatic lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using simultaneous 18F-FDG-PET and MRI
Authors: Chen Jenny , Hagiwara Mari , Givi Babak , Schmidt Brian , Liu Cheng , Chen Qi , Logan Jean , Mikheev Artem , Rusinek Henry , Kim Sungheon Gene 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the feasibility of using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) for detection of metastatic lymph nodes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cases. Twenty HNSCC patients scheduled for lymph node dissection underwent DCE-MRI, dynamic PET, and DWI using a PET-MR scanner within one week prior to their planned surgery. During surgery, resected nodes were labeled to identify their nodal levels and sent for routine clinical pathology evaluation. Quantitative parameters of metastatic and normal nodes were calculated from DCE-MRI (ve, vp, PS, Fp, Ktrans), DWI (ADC) and PET (Ki, K1, k2, k3) to assess if an individual or a combination of parameters can classify normal and metastatic lymph nodes accurately. There were 38 normal and 11 metastatic nodes covered by all three imaging methods and confirmed by pathology. 34% of all normal nodes had volumes greater than or equal to the smallest metastatic node while 4 normal nodes had SUV > 4.5. Among the MRI parameters, the median vp, Fp, PS, and Ktrans values of the metastatic lymph nodes were significantly lower (p = <0.05) than those of normal nodes. ve and ADC did not show any statistical significance. For the dynamic PET parameters, the metastatic nodes had significantly higher k3 (p value = 8.8 × 10−8) and Ki (p value = 5.3 × 10−8) than normal nodes. K1 and k2 did not show any statistically significant difference. Ki had the best separation with accuracy = 0.96 (sensitivity = 1, specificity = 0.95) using a cutoff of Ki = 5.3 × 10−3 mL/cm3/min, while k3 and volume had accuracy of 0.94 (sensitivity = 0.82, specificity = 0.97) and 0.90 (sensitivity = 0.64, specificity = 0.97) respectively. 100% accuracy can be achieved using a multivariate logistic regression model of MRI parameters after thresholding the data with Ki < 5.3 × 10−3 mL/cm3/min. The results of this preliminary study suggest that quantitative MRI may provide additional value in distinguishing metastatic nodes, particularly among small nodes, when used together with FDG-PET.
Overlapping and unique neural circuits are activated during perceptual decision making and confidence
Authors: Yeon Jiwon , Shekhar Medha , Rahnev Dobromir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe period of making a perceptual decision is often followed by a period of rating confidence where one evaluates the likely accuracy of the initial decision. However, it remains unclear whether the same or different neural circuits are engaged during periods of perceptual decision making and confidence report. To address this question, we conducted two functional MRI experiments in which we dissociated the periods related to perceptual decision making and confidence report by either separating their respective regressors or asking for confidence ratings only in the second half of the experiment. We found that perceptual decision making and confidence reports gave rise to activations in large and mostly overlapping brain circuits including frontal, parietal, posterior, and cingulate regions with the results being remarkably consistent across the two experiments. Further, the confidence report period activated a number of unique regions, whereas only early sensory areas were activated for the decision period across the two experiments. We discuss the possible reasons for this overlap and explore their implications about theories of perceptual decision making and visual metacognition.
Inhibition of the CCL2 receptor, CCR2, enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Tu Megan M. , Abdel-Hafiz Hany A. , Jones Robert T. , Jean Annie , Hoff Katelyn J. , Duex Jason E. , Chauca-Diaz Ana , Costello James C. , Dancik Garrett M. , Tamburini Beth A. Jirón , Czerniak Bogdan , Kaye Jonathan , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImmunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are now a mainstay in the clinical management of multiple cancer types, however, many tumors still fail to respond. CCL2 is highly expressed in various cancer types and has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition or blockade of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis has thus been an area of interest for cancer therapy. Here we show across multiple murine tumor and metastasis models that CCR2 antagonism in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-PD-1 monotherapy. We show that enhanced treatment response correlates with enhanced CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation and a concomitant decrease in CD4+ regulatory T cell. These results provide strong preclinical rationale for further clinical exploration of combining CCR2 antagonism with PD-1/PD-L1-directed immunotherapies across multiple tumor types especially given the availability of small molecule CCR2 inhibitors and antibodies.
Comparative analysis of the complete mitochondrial genomes of three rockfishes (Scorpaeniformes,Sebastiscus) and insights into the phylogenetic relationships of Sebastidae
Authors: Jia Chenghao , Zhang Xiumei , Xu Shengyong , Yang Tianyan , Yanagimoto Takashi , Gao Tianxiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondrial genome is a powerful molecule marker to provide information for phylogenetic relationships and revealing molecular evolution in ichthyological studies. Sebastiscus species, a marine rockfish, are of essential economic value. However, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Sebastidae have been controversial so far. Here, the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three species, S. tertius, S. albofasciatus, and S. marmoratus, were systemically investigated. The lengths of the mitogenomes’ sequences of S. tertius, S. albofasciatus, and S. marmoratus were 16910, 17056, and 17580 bp, respectively. It contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one identical control region (D-loop) among the three species. The genetic distance and Ka/Ks ratio analyses indicated 13 PCGs were suffering purifying selection and the selection pressures were different from certain deep-sea fishes, which were most likely due to the difference in their living environment. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). Most interestingly, the results indicated that Sebastidae and Scorpaenidae were grouped into a separate branch, so the taxonomic status of Sebastidae should be classified into subfamily Sebastinae. Our results may lead to a taxonomic revision of Scorpaenoidei.
Dispersion measure variability for 36 millisecond pulsars at 150 MHz with LOFAR
Authors: Donner J. Y. , Verbiest J. P. W. , Tiburzi C. , Osłowski S. , Künsemöller J. , Bak Nielsen A.-S. , Grießmeier J.-M. , Serylak M. , Kramer M. , Anderson J. M. , Wucknitz O. , Keane E. , Kondratiev V. , Sobey C. , McKee J. W. , Bilous A. V. , Breton R. P. , Brüggen M. , Ciardi B. , Hoeft M. , van Leeuwen J. , Vocks C. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Radio pulses from pulsars are affected by plasma dispersion, which results in a frequency-dependent propagation delay. Variations in the magnitude of this effect lead to an additional source of red noise in pulsar timing experiments, including pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) that aim to detect nanohertz gravitational waves.
Aims. We aim to quantify the time-variable dispersion with much improved precision and characterise the spectrum of these variations.
Methods. We use the pulsar timing technique to obtain highly precise dispersion measure (DM) time series. Our dataset consists of observations of 36 millisecond pulsars, which were observed for up to 7.1 yr with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) telescope at a centre frequency of ~150 MHz. Seventeen of these sources were observed with a weekly cadence, while the rest were observed at monthly cadence.
Results. We achieve a median DM precision of the order of 10−5 cm−3 pc for a significant fraction of our sources. We detect significant variations of the DM in all pulsars with a median DM uncertainty of less than 2 × 10−4 cm−3 pc. The noise contribution to pulsar timing experiments at higher frequencies is calculated to be at a level of 0.1–10 μs at 1.4 GHz over a timespan of a few years, which is in many cases larger than the typical timing precision of 1 μs or better that PTAs aim for. We found no evidence for a dependence of DM on radio frequency for any of the sources in our sample.
Conclusions. The DM time series we obtained using LOFAR could in principle be used to correct higher-frequency data for the variations of the dispersive delay. However, there is currently the practical restriction that pulsars tend to provide either highly precise times of arrival (ToAs) at 1.4 GHz or a high DM precision at low frequencies, but not both, due to spectral properties. Combining the higher-frequency ToAs with those from LOFAR to measure the infinite-frequency ToA and DM would improve the result.
MRT der Mamma: Befundung nach BI-RADS
Authors: Preibsch Heike 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie MRT der Mamma wird sowohl bei gesichertem Karzinom als auch im Rahmen der intensivierten Früherkennung immer häufiger eingesetzt. Basis dafür ist der in vielen Studien dargestellte Benefit in der prätherapeutischen Situation und als Screening-Methode im Hochrisikokollektiv. Die Aufgabe des Radiologen besteht darin, eine hohe Befundqualität zu gewährleisten. Die Kategorisierung nach BI-RADS ermöglicht dabei eine standardisierte Abschätzung der Malignitätswahrscheinlichkeit von Befunden.