bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serbian Society at the Beginning of the 20th Century. “Militarization of Everyday”
Authors: Vishnyakov Ya. V. 
Published: January 2020

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Eastern question and the search for ways to solve it occupied a central place in the politics of both Russia and European states. With his decision was closely linked the process of formation of the young Balkan countries. Serbia, whose formation of a new statehood typologically coincides with a change in the system of European international relations of the 19th and early 20th centuries, played an important role in the events of the Eastern question, while claiming to be the Yugoslav “Piemont”. However, it was the war by the beginning of the twentieth century. It became, both for Serbia and other countries of the region, not only a means of gaining state sovereignty, but also the main way to resolve its own interstate contradictions, which took place against the background of an external factor - the impact on the political processes of the Balkans of the Great Powers. These factors led to the natural militarization of the everyday life of Serbian society. The presence in the everyday consciousness of the people of the image of a hostile “other” became one of the main ways of internal consolidation of the country, when attitudes towards war, pushing the values of peaceful life to the background, created a special basic consensus in the state development of Serbia at the beginning of the 20th century, and the anthropological role of the military factor was essential influenced the underlying processes that took place in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the conditions of a new stage of destruction of the Balkans along the ethno-political line, the factor of militarization of everyday life again becomes an important element of the historical policy of the Balkan countries and the construction of a “new past”. In this regard, the understanding of many problems and possible scenarios for the development of the current Balkan reality is linked to this phenomenon. Thus, the study of the impact on the political life of Serbia at the beginning of the twentieth century of special "extra-constitutional" institutions is important for a wide range of researchers, including for a systematic analysis of the crisis in the territory of the former SFRY.Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.
The “Nixon China Shock” in the Mirror of Japanese Domestic Politics
Authors: Nelidov V. V. 
Published: January 2020

The “Nixon China Shock” (the July 15, 1971 statement by the U.S. President R. Nixon about the recent trip of his National Security Advisor H. Kissinger to the PRC and about the President’s upcoming visit there) became one of the pivotal points in the history of Japanese foreign policy and contributed to Tokyo becoming more independent from Washington in its diplomatic course. Using the case of Japan’s reaction to this event, the article explores the characteristic features of the foreign policy making process in post-war Japan and demonstrates the considerable influence of these features on the character of Japanese foreign policy of the so-called “1955 System” period (the prolonged and continuous dominance of the conservative Liberal Democratic Party in 1955-93). The paper shows the decentralization of the foreign policy making process, expressed in the limited ability of the Prime Minister to determine foreign policy, the presence of considerable internal contradictions in the MoFA of Japan, the factionalism of the ruling party, and the high degree of dependency of the government’s policy course on the public opinion. It proves that these factors were one of the reasons for Japan’s political leadership avoiding decisive actions to normalize relations with the PRC before the “Nixon shock”, cautious that it might damage its relations with the U.S. and unable to discern the signs of upcoming U.S.-Chinese détente, and after this event, vice versa, making every effort to normalize its relations with Beijing as soon as possible, reaching this goal even before their American partners did. Given the historical importance of the “1955 System” for contemporary Japanese politics, the article’s conclusions are significant for the understanding of the logic of Japan’s domestic politics and foreign policy of the entire post-war period.Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.
Perengkahan Metil Ester dari Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Katalis Pt/ Al2O3
Authors: Monde Junety , Kumalasari Prapti Ira , Nugroho Kevin 
Published: January 2020

<p><span lang="EN-GB">Konsumsi minyak goreng di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Penggunaan minyak goreng secara berulang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas mutu. <span>Limbah minyak goreng yang dibuang ke perairan dapat menyebabkan rusaknya ekosistem perairan karena akan menutupi permukaan air sehingga sinar matahari tidak bisa masuk secara maksimal yang menyebabkan meningkatnya nilai <em>Chemical Oxygen Demand</em> (COD) serta <em>Biological Oxygen Demand</em> (BOD). </span>Katalis logam memiliki tingkat sisi aktif yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis lainnya. Penelitian ini </span><span lang="EN-US">me</span><span lang="EN-GB">lakukan perengkahan metil ester minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis Pt/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah transesterifikasi pada suhu 55 ºC dan perengkahan dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis 0,6%, 0,7%, 0,8% dan 0,9% berat minyak dalam 500 mL minyak jelantah pada suhu 55ºC.</span><span lang="EN-US"> Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari biofuel yang dihasilkan dari perengk</span><span lang="EN-GB">a</span><span lang="EN-US">han melalui analisa angka asam, angka penyabunan angka iodin dan <em>flash point</em>.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai terbaik pada konsentrasi katalis 0,9% dengan kandungan asam lemak bebas 0,0014 mgKOH/g FFA, nilai <em>flash point</em> 165,5 ºC dan angka iodin 2,79 (massa/massa) serta angka penyabunan sebesar 5,3 mg KOH/g</span><span lang="EN-US">.</span></p>
Pengaruh pH dan Metabolisme Bakteri Escherichia coli dalam Reaktor Microbial Fuel Cell Terhadap Reduksi Kromium Heksavalen
Authors: Kumalasari Prapti Ira , Monde Junety , Yusuf Zefanya Bernadi , Rini Rini 
Published: January 2020

<p class="PageNumber1">Kalimantan merupakan pulau yang terkenal akan sektor pertambangan salah satunya di daerah delta Mahakam, yang dalam proses eksploitasinya berpotensi menghasilkan limbah logam berat, seperti logam berat Cr<sup>6+</sup>. Pencemaran logam Cr<sup>6+</sup> cukup sulit untuk terurai dilingkungan dan bersifat karsinogenik, karena dengan konsentrasi kecil saja dapat menimbulkan tingkat keracunan yang sangat tinggi pada makhluk hidup, sehingga pengolahan terhadap limbah tersebut sangat penting. <em>Microbial Fuel Cell</em> merupakan suatu metode yang dapat membantu proses pengolahan limbah dengan cara mereduksi Cr<sup>6+</sup> menjadi Cr<sup>3+</sup> dengan katalisis mikrobiologis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode reaktor <em>double-chamber</em> yaitu terdapat ruang anoda yang berisi bakteri anaerob dan <em>basic anolyte</em>, sedangkan pada ruang katoda terdapat kalium dikromat dengan konsentrasi 18 mg/L dan variasi pH 3, 4 dan 5 yang dilakukan selama 10 hari. Kondisi pH optimum pada proses reduksi terjadi pada pH 4 dengan besar persen penurunan sekitar 98%. Dan produksi listrik tertinggi pada hari ke-2 pada variasi pH 3 dengan nilai power density sebesar sebesar 11, 06 mW/m<sup>2</sup>.</p>
Conceptual approaches to the formation of regional economic clusters
Authors: Rakuta N. V. , Sitokhova T. E. 
Published: January 2020

Clustering of the economy of individual territories determines the most effective integration their into the world economic system, makes it possible for the accumulation and optimal use of resources from the point of view of global trends, contributes to the efficiency of state industrial policy. Clusters have become one of the main driving forces and determinants of regional competitiveness, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by world experience. They make it possible to increase the competitiveness not only of their enterprises, but also of specific industries within the region, as well as to expand the introduction of innovations, reduce transaction costs, develop and strengthen the relationship between business, science and the state. The resulting synergistic effect of creating a cluster is not only to increase the efficiency of its work as a whole in comparison with the efficiency of individual participants, but also to mutually strengthen the competitive position of both industry production and its home territory.The content characteristic of the concept of “economic cluster of the region”, which distinguishes the author’s approach from other well-known scientific approaches by the fact that as part of regional clusters, a special kind of them can be distinguished-an economic cluster of small enterprises, which is a localized and geographically concentrated group of small businesses, interconnected and complementary to each other, has been clarified in the article. In the center of cluster education are one or more large and stable in their development enterprises, that provide effective demand, have common (similar) economic interests, a common development strategy aimed at activating the activities of small enterprises in the region.Small enterprises, that are part of the regional economic cluster can provide the region with a higher level of production efficiency and competitiveness in comparison with other non-systemically organized economic structures.
Inhibitory activity and degradation of curcumin as Anti-Biofilm Polymicrobial on Catheters
Authors: Hasyrul Hamzah  , Triana Hertiani  , Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi  , Titik Nuryastuti  
Published: January 2020

Related biofilms in urinary tract infections and cause deaths per 7500 people. Biofilms are a serious problem and are resolved with antibiotic therapy. Curcumin is a pure composition of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa Linn.) Which has antimicrobial activity, but the activity of polymicrobial antibiofilm on the catheter has never been launched. The discovery of new antibiofilm candidates for polymicrobial biofilms on catheters is a challenge that must be overcome in preventing infections related to biofilms. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of curcumin in inhibiting and degrading polymicrobial catheters. Biofilm inhibition testing and biofilm degradation testing were determined using the microtiter broth method. The effectiveness of curcumin on biofilms was analyzed by calculating the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC50) and the minimum value of biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50). The mechanism of action of curcumin against polymicrobial biofilms on the catheter was tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Curcumin 1% gives 60% inhibitory activity to the formation of polymicrobial biofilms on the catheter in the middle phase by 65.05 ± 0.01 and the maturation phase by 61.23 ± 0.01, and this is better than the control of the drug nystatin in the middle phase and maturation by 57.58 ± 0.01 and 56.31 ± 0.01 and are almost equivalent to the control drug chloramphenicol. The results also provide evidence of the activity of curcumin can degrade 50%. Polymicrobial biofilm on the catheter was 51.49 ± 0.01 and damaged the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS) polymicrobial biofilm on the catheter. Therefore, curcumin is very potential to be developed as a candidate for new antibiofilm drugs against polymicrobial catheters
New Record of the Velvet Belly Lanternshark Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Deep Seas of Northern Cyprus
Authors: AKBORA Hasan Deniz , AYAS Deniz , ÇİFTÇİ Nuray 
Published: January 2020

Lantern
sharks are small shark species that can be seen at depths between 70 and 2000 meters. Due to their luminescent characteristics,
they have been called “Lantern shark”. In total eleven specimens of the velvet
belly lantern shark, Etmopterus spinax
(Linnaeus, 1758), were caught in the deep seas of Northern Cyprus by using a
bottom trawl. Sampling was carried out
using 13 trawling operations. The collected samples were placed in 4% formalin and stored at the Museum of the Systematic, Faculty of
Fisheries, Mersin University, (catalogue number: MEUFC-18-11-082). As a
sampling area, the depths between 274 and 641 m were selected. Other cartilaginous fish
caught during sampling except E. spinax were Galeus melastomus (1
individual), Squalus acanthias (4 individuals), Scyliorhinus
canicula (85 individuals). E. spinax made up 10.89% of all
cartilaginous fishes which were caught. Species identification for all fishes
caught is made with the help of morphological features.
Aproximación al estado situacional de los derechos docentes en la década de gobierno correísta, Ecuador
Authors: Haro Jácome Oswaldo Fabián , Chamorro Morales Ana 
Published: January 2020

El estudio analiza la situación de los derechos del profesorado ecuatoriano en los ámbitos laboral y gremial durante la década de gobierno correísta. Se trata de una investigación necesaria en la academia que recoge las apreciaciones de docentes pertenecientes al sector de servidores públicos regentados por el Estado. La pertinencia radica en la descripción de la disputa entre el magisterio organizado en su gremio, la Unión Nacional de Educadores (UNE), con el poder gubernamental liderado por el Eco. Rafael Correa (expresidente del Ecuador), durante la década 2007-2017. La investigación es fundamentalmente cualitativa, retrospectiva, transversal y descriptiva. El instrumento empírico es la encuesta aplicada a una población de 300 docentes en servicio, indagados durante el periodo lectivo 2017-2018. Complementariamente se utilizó entrevistas a profundidad aplicada a profesionales expertos en derechos humanos y participación ciudadana. Como resultados más sobresalientes se encontró que, mayoritariamente, los docentes perciben haber sido objeto de vulneración en sus derechos, especialmente laborales, sindicales y de libertades civiles. Las afectaciones sistemáticas al magisterio, como sector profesional y a los docentes en particular, se produjeron por una acción política intencional planeada por el poder gubernamental. Los datos de campo también demuestran que pocos docentes aprecian haber sido beneficiados por el gobierno.
Análisis lingüístico femenino en el siglo XXI a través del discurso de Cynthia Viteri
Authors: Román Jaramillo Miguel , Arévalo Arteta Magali 
Published: January 2020

El propósito de este artículo es presentar de una manera general, mediante ejemplos prácticos, un análisis discursivo. Como sujeto de análisis se consideró a la Dra. Cynthia Viteri, por ser actualmente una de las mujeres más destacas en la política ecuatoriana y la máxima autoridad de la ciudad de Guayaquil, Ecuador. La antropología lingüística, la sociolingüística, la nueva dialectología y lo que en el ámbito anglosajón se denomina la “lingüística feminista” llevan varias décadas aportando datos que muestran cómo hombres y mujeres se construyen y se manifiestan de forma diferente en cuanto a la manera de utilizar las lenguas. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene un enfoque descriptivo, y se desarrolló mediante la observación continua de videos y conferencias emitidos por la actual alcaldesa de Guayaquil, Dra. Cynthia Viteri Jiménez, mismos que se reproducen en el canal de Youtube y corresponden a los meses entre enero y noviembre del 2019. El análisis lingüístico demuestra la combinación y conexión de expresiones que exteriorizan los actos comunicativos. Se hace mayor hincapié en formas lingüísticas como el léxico, la referencia, la coherencia (argumentación), la interacción de semántica y sintaxis (modalidad, aspectos, tiempo, negación, modificación adverbial, etc.), así como también en las manifestaciones del lenguaje corporal del actor del discurso y además se puede observar que las diferencias de género son un hecho fundamental de la vida humana y no es sorprendente encontrarlas reflejadas en el lenguaje; por lo tanto, la atención al uso del lenguaje en el contexto social es muy importante.
Synovial Chondromatosis in Woman with Symptoms Mimicking Early Stages Osteoarthritis: Case Report
Authors: Soetojo Bagus Wibowo , Soehadak Faizal Arifianto , Yunus Yunus 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT Synovial chondromatosis is a case that rarely found epidemiologically. It is a process which is benign in the synovial lining of joints, synovial sheaths, and bursae. It is the metaplastic process of synovium, which converts it into the cartilage and gets detached to become a loose body. Methods of this study are describing a case report of patient of Airlangga University Hospital that has synovial chondromatosis. A 38 years old woman, with a one-year history of pain, edema, and restriction of the left knee joint. Patient symptoms were insidious in onset, which gradually progressed. Decreased range of motion of her knee. The symptoms were mimicking of osteoarthritis. Considering the extensive involvement with multiple nodule masses inside the knee joint, we planned surgical management and open procedure. Total synovectomy was done, synovium and the masses were sent for histopathological examination which confirmed the diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis. In our case, the patient has clinical symptoms mimicking osteoarthritis of genu. Some study reported similar cases. Although synovium osteochondromatosis is a rare case and it should be kept as a differential diagnosis with chronic knee pain with swelling. Synovial chondromatosis is a rare case in the orthopedic patient. Diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis is often made following a thorough history, physical examination, and radiographic examination and histopathologic. In our case report, we present synovial chondromatosis in woman mimicking osteoarthritis. Patient treated by surgical removal of the loose bodies followed by total synovectomy. Keywords: Synovial chondromatosis, osteoarthritis, total synovectomy
Zero Maternal Death with KECUBUNG Featured in SATE Krembung Application (Integrated Queue System) in Krembung Community Health Center in 2017 until 2018
Authors: Nurdianto Arif Rahman 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThere are some special programs in Maternal and Child Health that have not yet been reached and have a bad trend like the number of Low Birth Weight (LBW), cases of stillbirth, and babies died. There was a congenital defect in babies, increased obstetric complications, and there is one case of maternal death. There were neo-complications in infants and babies. The problem that often results in the death of pregnant women is the lack of early detection at first-level facilities in the Krembung Health center. Early detection and treatment or planning in cases of high-risk pregnant women is lacking, and then we created a SATE Krembung application in 2017. Making SATE Krembung application, socializing to the community, socializing the features of KECUBUNG to report mothers at high risk, and bringing services closer to the community and to evaluate reports from residents. Activities are collected, analyzed, and processed into mature data. The number of people activities collected during the collection of data during this research from 500 users of application from 2017 until 2018. There was a decrease in maternal mortality rates to zero patients in 2017 and 2018. The use of SATE Krembung is quite effective in reducing maternal mortality to zero patients in the Krembung health center work area, but this must be improved with the development of applications. The application of SATE Krembung with KECUBUNG feature can reduce maternal mortality by empowering health cadres and the community to be aware of the environmental conditions surrounding them.Keywords : SATE Krembung, KECUBUNG, Maternal Death
La subversión del discurso orientalista en <em>Dijo el camaleón</em> de María Victoria García
Authors: Balghzal Ahmed 
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el modo de la representación de la realidad marroquí en la obra Dijo el camaleón de la autora mexicana María Victoria García. Usando una metodología analítica de orden ecléctico, el trabajo busca presentar y estudiar algunas de las estrategias narrativas que la escritora emplea para la subversión de los postulados canónicos del discurso orientalista eurocéntrico y clásico, intentando presentar un nuevo modelo de la narrativa hispanoamericana ambientada en Oriente. Se pretende demostrar, también, cómo elementos claves en la obra, como las variaciones lingüísticas, las alteraciones semánticas y la desestabilización de mitos historiográficos sobre la realidad marroquí permiten a la autora mexicana primero enunciar su discurso desde la hibridez y en segundo lugar, posibilitar una desorientalización de la escritura. El resultado es un paradigma narrativo que celebra el encuentro de la alteridad oriental- marroquí y la mismidad mexicana, y que contribuye a la fundamentación de una representación orientalista de carácter horizontal que busca superar el prejuicioso paradigma vertical y etnocéntrico frecuente en los escritos orientalistas.
Konflik Etnis Dan Agama Di Indonesia
Authors: Harahap Suheri 
Published: January 2020

<em>Artikel ini berusaha menguraikan bagaimana konflik etnis dan agama di indonesa kontemporer. Dibeberapa wilayah di Indonesia konflik bernuansa etnis dan agama muncul sebagai respon atas dinamika politik, sosial dan ekonomi yang turut serta mengitari kehidupan sosial masyarakat. belajar adalah manusia yang tidak jatuh pada lubang yang sama. Konflik yang terjadi yang berwujud wilayah rusuh di Indonesia merupakan akumulasi dari kerapuhan persatuan dan kesatuan warga masyarakat heterogen dalam satuan-satuan wilayah kebudayaan dengan kepentingan konspirasi kelompok-kelompok tertentu di dalam negeri serta pihak asing. Kepentingan itu dilaterbelakangi tujuan politik, ekonomi dan agama. Upaya itu tidak mencapai sasaran puncak karena ditingkat elit dan pelaksana pihak keamanan dan birokrasi mayoritas masih komit dengan negara kesatuan sehingga serius memperkecil zona konflik dan kefatalan pelbagai dampaknya. Masyarakat dari berbagai suku dan agama juga tidak memiliki basic yang kuat memasuki kancah konflik bahkan sebaliknya dari semula sudah terbiasa hidup rukun dan damai dalam pelbagai perbedaan. Namun begitu karena masyarakat telah semakin berpendidikan dan cerdas, ditambah dengan nuansa reformasi secara mencuatnya konsep HAM, mereka menginginkan agar pelbagai pihak yang terkait dengan pembangunan.</em>