bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe and enduring anorexia nervosa: Update and observations about the current clinical reality
Authors: Wonderlich Stephen A. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Schmidt Ulrike , Steiger Howard , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeveral objectives underlie the current article. First, to review historical diagnostic issues and clinical strategies for treating SE‐AN. Second, to provide an overview of recent evidence informed strategies and clinical innovations for the treatment of SE‐AN. Third, based on the authors' collective clinical and research experience, we offer eight observations that we believe capture the current clinical experience of patients with SE‐AN. Some of these observations represent empirically testable hypotheses, but all are designed to generate a meaningful discussion about the treatment of this group of individuals with eating disorders. Finally, we hope to call clinicians, scientists, professional organizations, advocates, and policy makers to action to attend to critical issues related to the care of individuals with SE‐AN. We believe that an international discussion could clarify areas of need for these patients and identify opportunities for clinical innovation that would enhance the lives of individuals with SE‐AN and their families.
Echocardiographic analysis of acute effects of percutaneous mitral annuloplasty on severity of secondary mitral regurgitation
Authors: Stöbe Stephan , Kreyer Kristin , Jurisch Daniel , Pfeiffer Dietrich , Lavall Daniel , Farese Gerardo , Laufs Ulrich , Hagendorff Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsPercutaneous mitral annuloplasty (PMA) represents a new treatment option for secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) being associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The present study was aimed to evaluate whether or not acute effects on SMR severity can quantitatively be assessed after PMA.Methods and resultsPMA was performed in 30 patients (mean age 76 ± 9; 37% males) with moderate (n = 14) or severe (n = 16) SMR. Vena contracta (VC), left ventricular (LV) velocity‐time‐integral ratio (VTIMV/LVOT), effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) by two‐dimensional proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA), regurgitant volume (RVolPISA) and regurgitant fraction (RFPISA) by PISA, RVolvolume and RFvolume by LV volume analyses, and parameters describing LV morphology, function, and cardiac performance were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography prior to and after PMA. According to RFPISA/RFvolume, 14 patients showed mild, 15 moderate, and 1 severe SMR after PMA. Mean RF, RVol, EROA, VC, and VTIMV/LVOT were lower directly after PMA (RFPISA: 49% ± 11 vs. 34% ± 13, P < 0.001; RFvolume: 46% ± 10 vs. 34% ± 13, P < 0.001; RVolPISA: 33 mL ± 13 vs. 25 mL ± 12, P < 0.001; RVolvolume: 28 mL ± 17 vs. 20 mL ± 14, P < 0.05; EROAPISA: 0.24 cm2 ± 0.1 vs. 0.19 cm2 ± 0.1, P < 0.05; VC: 5.2 ± 0.1 vs. 4.1 ± 0.2, P < 0.001; VTIMV/LVOT: 1.9 ± 0.4 vs. 1.6 ± 0.5, P < 0.05). Parameters of LV morphology, function, and cardiac performance did not change directly after PMA.ConclusionsPMA leads to a reduction of MR severity in >80% of SMR patients. Acute effects of PMA can quantitatively be assessed by transthoracic echocardiography.
Quick stabilization of capillary for rapid determination of potassium ions in the blood of epilepsy patients by capillary electrophoresis without sample pretreatment
Authors: Zhao Litao , Luo Fanghong , Wang Anting , Zhang Jing , Wang Yuanhang , Zhao Liangtao , Wang Zhaoyan , Pu Qiaosheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMutations in the potassium channel genes may be linked to the development of epilepsy and affect the blood potassium levels. Therefore, accurate determination of potassium in the blood will be critical to diagnose the cause of epilepsy. CE is a competent technique for the fast detection of multiple ions, but complicated matrices of a blood sample may cause significant variation of migration times and the peak shape. In this work, a procedure for rapid stabilization of the capillary inner surface through preflushing of a blood sample was employed. The process takes only 40 min for a capillary and then it can be used for more than 2 weeks. No pretreatment of the blood sample or other surface modification of the capillary is needed for the analysis. The RSDs of the migration time and peak area were reduced to 1.5 and 5.1% from 12.6 and 14.5%, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of the potassium contents in the blood sample of patients with epilepsy at different stages. The recoveries of potassium ions in these blood samples are in a range from 86.5 to 104.5%.
Synthesis of humidity‐conditioning mesoporous molecular sieves by using liquid‐crystal display waste glass
Authors: Cheng Ta‐Wui , Lin Ya‐Wen , Lo Kang‐Wei , Chen Chiao‐Ying , Lin Kae‐Long 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring this analysis, liquid‐crystal display (LCD) waste glass containing high SiO2 and Al2O3 contents was investigated as an alternative source for the synthesis of a humidity‐conditioning Al‐MCM‐41 mesoporous molecular sieve (HC‐Al‐MCM‐41). The hydrothermal method of synthesis involved the use of supernatants of LCD glass waste and the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a structural controller. Chemically examined LCD waste glass was used in the HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 preparation. Silicates were used as a matrix and as a source of Si and Al precursors in HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 preparation. HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 has a uniform pore network and a transparent, hexagonal arrangement of pores or honeycomb‐like structures synthesized at a hydrothermal temperature of 105°C. At 105°C and 120°C, the N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms are commonly type IV, with the HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 sampling characteristics of the hysteresis chain. The HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 samples synthesized from LCD waste glass showed higher equilibrium moisture contents than mortars (0.8‐1.6 m3/m3) and bricks (0.3‐0.8 m3/m3) due to the ordered structure. When the hydrothermal reaction temperature was 105°C (relative humidity = 95%), HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 exhibited favorable mechanical properties and met JIS A 1475 intensity building materials specifications (equilibrium moisture content >5 m3/m3); therefore, HC‐Al‐MCM‐41 can be used in several applications, especially as a humidity‐conditioning material in construction.
Removal of ammonia from industrial wastewater using novel heterogeneous nanocomposite of nickel, strontium, and zirconia oxides decorated graphene oxide
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Vahid , Nabi Bidhendi Gholamreza , Mehrdadi Naser 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel adsorbent was developed based on nickel oxide, strontium oxide and zirconia oxide and was anchored onto graphene oxide to produce a heterogeneous nanocomposite (NiSr–ZrO2/GO) for efficient removal of ammonia from industrial wastewater. The proposed nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and TEM techniques. Effects of changing important parameters on the ammonia adsorption such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial concentration of ammonia were investigated. Different models were conducted to study the kinetics and isotherms equilibrium data of the adsorption process. The results revealed that the adsorption kinetics was well‐fitted to the second‐order model. The equilibrium data were well fitted on Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 181.81 mg g−1 (R2 = 0.997). Adding metal‐containing species to graphene oxide can favorably interact with ammonia.
Lifetime health care costs of oropharyngeal cancer for commercially insured patients in the United States
Authors: Wu Chi‐Fang , Lairson David R. , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Fokom Domgue Joël , Fu Shuangshuang , Sturgis Erich M. , Chan Wenyaw 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncidence of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is expected to increase but its health care cost is unknown. The purpose for this study was to estimate the phase‐specific lifetime health care costs of OPC for commercially insured individuals in the United States.MethodsWe used the Truven MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounter Database to identify our patient population. Cox survival analysis was used to estimate patients' monthly survival probabilities. We determined the ratios of the cumulative costs up to a particular survival probability and the costs from that time point to death for all subjects who died before end of the 5‐year follow‐up period. This relationship was then used to predict phase‐specific lifetime health care costs.ResultsOur study included 2445 patients with OPC. The predicted phase‐specific lifetime health care costs attributable to OPC were $88 872, $24 038, and $1537 in the initial, continuous, and terminal phases, respectively, among commercially insured patients.
Tracheostomy during COVID‐19 pandemic—Novel approach
Authors: Chow Velda Ling Yu , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Ho Valerie Wai Yee , Pang Sherby Suet Ying , Lee George Chung Ching , Wong Melody Man Kuen , Lo Arthur Shing Ho , Lui Frances , Poon Clara Ching Mei , Wong Stanley Thian Sze 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes a novel approach in reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission during tracheostomy.MethodsFive patients underwent tracheostomy between April 1, 2020 and April 17, 2020. A clear and sterile plastic drape was used as an additional physical barrier against droplets and aerosols. Operative diagnosis; droplet count and distribution on plastic sheet and face shields were documented.ResultsTracheostomy was performed for patients with carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2) and nasopharynx (n = 1), and aspiration pneumonia (n = 2). Droplet contamination was noted on all plastic sheets (n = 5). Droplet contamination was most severe over the central surface at 91.5% (86.7%‐100.0%) followed by the left and right lateral surfaces at 5.2% (6.7%‐10.0%) and 3.3% (6.7%‐10.0%), respectively. No droplet contamination was noted on all face shields.ConclusionPlastic drapes can help reduce viral transmission to health care providers during tracheostomy. Face shields may be spared which in turn helps to conserve resources during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Head and neck survivorship care in the times of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Huang Victoria W. , Imam Sarah A. , Nguyen Shaun A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS‐CoV‐2) in the United States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for patients with cancer, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS‐CoV‐2. In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of patients with head and neck cancer in the times of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system.
Optimization of applied irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer for barley in a semi‐arid region: a case study in Iran
Authors: Naghdyzadegan Jahromi Mojtaba , Razzaghi Fatemeh , Zand‐Parsa Shahrokh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to estimate the optimal amounts of water and nitrogen of barley production under water‐ and land‐limited conditions. Two years of field experiments were performed with two treatments using a spilt plot design with three replications. The treatments included four levels of irrigation regimes (0, 50, 75 and 100% of water requirement) as the main plots and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg N ha−1) as the subplots. Straw yield income was about 35% of total income, indicating the important role of both grain and straw yield in the economic analysis. The optimal amounts of water and nitrogen considering the rainfall and residual amount of nitrogen in the soil were estimated using a generalized reduced gradient nonlinear method as 0.758 m and 236 kg N ha−1 for maximum income per unit area, while these values were obtained as 0.758 m and 232 kg N ha−1 for maximum profit under land‐limited and 0.56 m and 293 kg N ha−1 for maximum profit under water‐limited conditions, respectively. The results show that the highest profit was obtained under land‐limited, maximum income and water‐limited criteria, respectively. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiotoxicity danger in immunotherapy
Authors: Jagielska Beata , Ozdowska Patrycja , Gepner Katarzyna , Kubala Szymon , Siedlecki Janusz A. , Sarnowski Tomasz J. , Sarnowska Elzbieta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is currently broadly used in the treatment of different types of cancer. The treatment targeting programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death‐ligand 1 axis is already approved by Food and Drug Administration for numerous cancers. These kinds of therapy brought spectacular results in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer where systemic therapy was ineffective. However, a wide range of applied therapies based on ICIs in the clinic have led to unexpected side effects, such as severe cardiotoxicity. It needs to be underlined that the molecular mechanism of myocarditis in response to ICIs is still not fully understood. Lack of sufficient knowledge, especially concerning the kind of risk factors increasing probability of myocarditis, poses currently a large clinical problem. Continuous cardiac monitoring of patients who undergo ICI treatment presents another problem as it is cost‐ineffective for the healthcare system. Herein, we highlight the risks of use of anticancer therapy based on ICIs. We also stress that detailed monitoring of any event of cardiotoxicity following ICIs treatment should be carefully investigated and registered to give a global overview of the frequency of myocarditis occurrence. Moreover, we propose that the extension of molecular and systemic knowledge of etiology of myocarditis as a side effect, including the role of protein kinases, will be highly beneficial for the medical field. Last but not least, better understanding of mechanisms of cardiotoxicity induction will improve the safety of cancer patients and will help clinicians in prediction of unexpected side effect occurrence.
MPC‐grafted highly cross‐linked polyethylene liners retrieved from short‐term total hip arthroplasty: Further evidences for the unsuitability of the MPC method
Authors: Hosoi Takashi , Hasegawa Masahiro , Tone Shine , Nakasone Satoshi , Kishida Narifumi , Marin Elia , Zhu Wenliang , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Sudo Akihiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn analysis is presented of four short‐term retrieved highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) hip liners grafted with 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) on their bearing surfaces, which were recently commercialized as a new generation of artificial hip joints. Straightforward evidences by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the MPC layer peeled off on the bearing surface of all short‐term liners in both main wear and nonwear zones. Analyses by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection assessed the extent of surface oxidation and revealed the type of oxidative species. Electron spin resonance analyses, which compared retrievals and as‐received samples, revealed the presence of different species of alkoxyl CO• radicals. This study suggests that MPC grafts on polyethylene do not offer any additional protection from oxidation and can delaminate prematurely after short‐term in vivo exposure.
Sex‐dependent aberrant PFC development in the adolescent offspring rats exposed to variable prenatal stress
Authors: Niu Yunxia , Wang Tao , Liang Shan , Li Wei , Hu Xu , Wu Xiaoli , Jin Feng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdolescence is a remarkable period of brain development. Prenatal stress can increase the risk of various neuropsychiatric disorders. This research investigated neurochemical and behavioural changes in the offspring rats (especially adolescences) who were treated with repeated variable prenatal stress (PNS) during the third week of gestation. The study tested the concentration of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), synaptotagmin‐1(Syt‐1), 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), dopamine (DA), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) and oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the PFC (prefrontal cortex). We also tested prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) (a measure of sensorimotor gating). The main results were as follows: PNS increased the BDNF and CD68 concentrations in adolescent females, and increased the Syt‐1 concentration in adolescent males. The increases in BDNF/CD68 concentration (in females) and Syt‐1/DA concentration (in males) with age were disturbed by PNS, and PNS changed the sex differences in CD68 concentration in adolescence and disturbed the sex differences in the Syt‐1 concentration (in adolescence) and DA concentration (in adults). In conclusion, we found that PNS lead to Sex‐dependent aberrant PFC development, and might accelerate the development of the adolescent PFC, and so that lessened the age difference (between adolescence and adulthood) and the sex difference.
Tumor marker recovery rather than major pathological response is a preferable prognostic factor in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with preoperative therapy
Authors: Yamada Suguru , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Sonohara Fuminori , Yamaguchi Junpei , Takami Hideki , Hayashi Masamichi , Onoe Shunsuke , Fujii Tsutomu , Nagino Masato , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeA pathological response of the primary tumor by preoperative therapy is a prognostic factor in various malignancies, and several histologic grading systems have been proposed for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the prognostic value remains unclear. We explored the clinical implication of a major pathological response following preoperative therapy in patients with PDAC.MethodsOf 415 patients with resected PDAC, 137 who had undergone preoperative therapy were examined. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the predictors of a major pathological response, and survival analyses were performed.ResultsTwenty patients exhibited a major pathological response (≥90% tumor reduction). Significant associations were observed between a major pathological response and resectability (P = .001), the period of preoperative therapy (P < .001), RECIST best response (P < .001), the tumor size after preoperative therapy (P = .02), and tumor marker recovery (P < .001). Multivariate analysis of progression‐free survival (PFS) revealed that both body mass index (≥20 kg/m2) (P = .035) and tumor marker recovery (P = .046) were independent prognostic factors. The median survival time (MST) of PFS for a ≥90% pathological response was better than that of a <90% response (P = .25); however, the MST for tumor marker recovery was significantly better than that without tumor marker recovery (P = .0054).ConclusionsIn our study, a major pathological response was not extracted as a prognostic factor. Rather, tumor marker recovery was a preferable prognostic factor in patients with PDAC who had undergone preoperative therapy.
A Sex‐Stratified Prognostic Nomogram Incorporating Body Compositions for Long‐Term Mortality in Cirrhosis
Authors: Hou Lijun , Deng You , Fan Xiaofei , Zhao Tianming , Cui Binxin , Lin Lin , Hou Junjie , Mao Lihong , Zhao Wei , Jiang Kui , Wang Bangmao , Zhang Jie , Sun Chao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlterations in body compositions are related to poor outcomes and the presence of complications in cirrhosis. However, no predictive tools combining all these anthropometric parameters are applicable in the clinical setting. We aimed to clarify the potential utility of body compositions and develop a nomogram incorporating any independent factor for prognosticating long‐term mortality in cirrhosis.MethodsA total of 414 patients were randomized into primary (n = 274) and validation (n = 140) cohorts. X‐tile was performed to identify optimal cut points for stratifying participants. Multivariate Cox regression was performed, and nomogram incorporating body compositions were generated. The utility of developed models was evaluated by Harrell concordance index (C‐index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsStratifying by X‐tilederived cut points, low skeletal muscle index (myopenia), high intramuscular adipose tissue content (myosteatosis), and the ratio of high visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area (adiposity) was independently associated with 3‐year mortality. A sex‐stratified nomogram incorporating anthropometric indices and clinical factors resulted in moderate discriminative accuracy, with a C‐index of 0.787 (95% CI, 0.736–0.838) and 0.789 (95% CI, 0.727–0.851) in males and females, respectively. The calibration curve showed predictive survival corresponding optimally with the actual outcomes. Our models were feasible in the clinical settings based on DCA. Similar results were observed in the validation cohort. Additionally, participants could be classified into 3 distinct risk groups by the nomogram.ConclusionsOur proposed nomogram embedding body compositions rendered an individualized predictive tool for long‐term mortality in cirrhosis.
Clinical significance of lymphatic invasion in the esophageal region in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Sugita Shizuki , Kuwata Takeshi , Tokunaga Masanori , Kaito Akio , Watanabe Masahiro , Tonouchi Akiko , Kinoshita Takahiro , Nagino Masato 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe lymphatic flow around the esophagogastric junction is complicated. Therefore, it is unclear whether lymphatic invasion in the esophageal region (eLI) and in the gastric region (gLI) in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) equally affect the incidence of lymph node metastases (LNM), and consequently, survival.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinicopathological data of 175 patients with AEG between January 2008 and July 2017. Risk factors for LNM and impacts of eLI or gLI on survival outcomes were investigated.ResultseLI was identified in 34% of the patients (59/175). By multivariate analysis, eLI was associated with an increased risk of both mediastinal LNM (odds ratio [OR] = 2.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26‐7.05) and abdominal LNM (OR = 5.44, 95% CI: 1.95‐15.20). The 5‐year overall survival for patients with eLI (53%) was significantly worse than for patients without eLI (76%) (hazard ratio = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.37‐10.01). gLI was not selected in either of these analyses.ConclusionsPositive eLI was strongly associated with mediastinal and abdominal LNM and worse survival in patients with AEG compared with gLI. In the histopathological examination, it seems to make sense to assess eLI and gLI separately.
Genetics of pediatric hearing loss: A functional perspective
Authors: Khela Harmon , Kenna Margaret A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis article reviews the current role of genetics in pediatric hearing loss (HL).MethodsA review of the current literature regarding the genetic basis of HL in children was performed.ResultsTo date, 119 nonsyndromic genes have been associated with HL. There are also hundreds of syndromic causes that have HL as part of the clinical phenotype.ConclusionsIdentifying HL genes coupled with clinical characteristics (“genotype‐phenotype”) yields a more accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Although the complexity of the auditory apparatus presents challenges, gene therapy is emerging and may be a viable management option in the future.