bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and evaluation of the main risk periods of Botrytis cinerea infection on grapevine based on phenology, weather conditions and airborne conidia
Authors: González-Fernández E. , Piña-Rey A. , Fernández-González M. , Aira M. J. , Rodríguez-Rajo F. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a new method for a decision-support system for fungicide administration against the pathogen Botrytis cinerea in vineyards was developed based on Integrated Pest Management principles which identified an infection risk before the appearance of disease symptoms. The proposed method is based on the combination of (i) the phenological observations of the main susceptible stages to infection, (ii) the airborne spores monitoring, (iii) the forecasting of the suitable meteorological conditions for B. cinerea spore germination during the subsequent 4–6 days after the spore detection. Aerobiological, phenological and meteorological analyses were carried out using data from 2008 to 2015 in a vineyard of Northwestern Spain. Aerobiological spore data were obtained using a Lanzoni VPPS-2000 pollen-spore trap. Phenological observations were conducted on 22 plants of Treixadura cultivar following the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land und Forstwirtschaft, Bundessortenamt und CHemische Industrie) scale. The Magarey generic fungal model was applied for the identification of the main meteorological suitable periods for infection within the susceptible phenological stages of flowering and ripening of berries. Our results showed that climatic conditions favoured fungal development during flowering, although a higher incidence of B. cinerea infection risk-periods occurred during the prior-to-harvest stage of ripening of berries, the most susceptible phenological stage to B. cinerea infection obtained by the proposed methodology. This approach enables more precise targeting in pesticide spraying and reduction in pesticide application from 4–5 to 2–3 times per year at our commercial study. It also illustrates the real-world benefits of integrated disease risk modelling.
Exploring species diversity of lissorchiid trematodes (Digenea: Lissorchiidae) associated with the gravel snail,Lithoglyphus naticoides, in European freshwaters
Authors: Petkevičiūtė R. , Stanevičiūtė G. , Stunžėnas V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractComparative analysis using complete ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA sequence data revealed that cercariaeum developing in rediae inLithoglyphus naticoidesrepresent two different lissorchiid species. One morphotype of cercariaeum is conspecific with adultPalaeorchis incognitusfrom European roach,Rutilus rutilus. The other cercariaeum is attributable to the genusAsymphylodora, but the species identity is not yet determined. We also generate the first rDNA sequences forAsymphylodora progeneticabased on new collections fromBithynia tentaculatafrom Lithuania. Phylogenetic analyses of the newly generated sequences, together with information for other lissorchiids available on GenBank, showed that all representatives of Lissorchiidae form a strongly supported clade. Three monophyletic lineages,Asymphylodora,PalaeorchisandLissorchis, were recognized at the generic level. Karyological analysis of the chromosome set of larvalP. incognitusrevealed a diploid number of 2n= 20. Its karyotype with subtelocentric chromosomes prevailing can be regarded as comparatively ‘primitive’, which is consistent with the basal position ofP. incognitusin the 28S tree relative to the representatives of the genusAsymphylodora. The present study adds significant new information for establishing species-specific markers for the confident characterization of different developmental stages of lissorchiid species and clarification of their life cycles.
New records of Ericthonius didymus Krapp-Schickel, 2013 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Ischyroceridae) in European waters with a focus in Arcachon Bay, France and key to Ericthonius species
Authors: Gouillieux Benoit , Ariyama Hiroyuki , Costa Ana Cristina , Daffe Guillemine , Marchini Agnese , Micael Joana , Ulman Aylin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe amphipod Ericthonius didymus Krapp-Schickel, 2013 is reported for the first time outside its type locality in European waters, from the French Atlantic coast and from the Azores, Portugal. In particular, a large population was recorded in Arcachon, France. Molecular analyses were made to confirm the validity of three closely related Ericthonius species: E. didymus, E. convexus and E. pugnax. An identification key is provided, distinguishing Ericthonius species into three groups, based on the presence or absence of stridulating ridges on coxa 2 and posterodistal lobe on basis of male pereopod 5.
Evaluation of the impact of patient involvement in health technology assessments: A scoping review
Authors: Mason Robert J. , Searle Karlee M. , Bombard Yvonne , Rahmadian Amanda , Chambers Alexandra , Mai Helen , Morrison Marjorie , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Jerzak Katarzyna J. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesWhile involving patients in health technology assessment (HTA) has become increasingly common and important around the world, little is known about the optimal methods of evaluating patients’ involvement (PI) in HTA. This scoping review was undertaken to provide an overview of currently available methods for the evaluation of PI, specifically the impact of PI on HTA recommendations.MethodsA literature search was conducted using nine databases as well as a grey literature search of the websites of 26 organizations related to the conduct, practice or research of HTA to identify articles, reports and abstracts related to the evaluation of PI impact in HTA.ResultsWe identified 1,248 unique citations, six of which met our eligibility criteria. These six records (five articles, and one report) were all published after 2012. Four assessed the impact of patient experience submissions on final HTA recommendations; one evaluated the impact of direct involvement on HTA committees, and one assessed impact of multiple forms of involvement. Methods of evaluation included quantitative analyses of reimbursement decisions, qualitative interviews with those directly involved in an assessment, surveys of patient groups and committee members, and the review of HTA reports.ConclusionsQuantitative evaluation of PI based on associations with funding decisions may not be feasible or fully capture the relevant impact of PI in the assessment of health technologies. Rather, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative strategies may allow for the most comprehensive assessment of the impact of PI on HTA recommendations when possible.
VOLATILITY ANALYSIS OF REGIME-SWITCHING MODELS
Authors: Liu Yue , Xie Zhuyun , Yao Jingjing , Li Kaodui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the volatility in regime-switching models formulated based on the geometric Brownian motion with its drift and volatility factors randomized with Markov chains. By developing explicit formulas about occupation time of Markov chains, we analysis the difference between global volatility of this model and the volatility caused by Brownian randomness, in order to measure the volatility caused by regime-switching after justifying its existence. Utilizing this structure of volatility, we optimize the methods of volatility parameters estimation.
Prognostic roles of time to positivity of blood cultures in patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia
Authors: Chen Yufang , Huang Xun , Wu Anhua , Lin Xuan , Zhou Pengcheng , Liu Yao , Wu Yayun , Fu Chenchao , Dou Qingya , Jiang Huaye 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures has been considered a predictor of clinical outcomes for bacteremia. This retrospective study aimed to determine the clinical value of TTP for the prognostic assessment of patients with Escherichia coli bacteremia. A total of 167 adult patients with E.coli bacteremia identified over a 22-month period in a 3500-bed university teaching hospital in China were studied. The standard cut-off TTP was 11 h in the patient cohort. The septic shock occurred in 27.9% of patients with early TTP (⩽11 h) and in 7.1% of those with a prolonged TTP (>11 h) (P = 0.003). The mortality rate was significantly higher for patients in the early than in the late group (17.7% vs. 4.0%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that an early TTP (OR 4.50, 95% CI 1.70–11.93), intensive care unit admission (OR 8.39, 95% CI 2.01–35.14) and neutropenia (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.55–11.40) were independently associated with septic shock. Likewise, the independent risk factors for mortality of patients were an early TTP (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.04–12.90), intensive care unit admission (OR 6.45; 95% CI 1.14–36.53), a Pittsburgh bacteremia score ⩾2 (OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.22–15.47) and a Charlson Comorbidity Index ⩾3 (OR 11.29, 95% CI 2.81–45.39). Overall, a TTP for blood cultures within 11 h appears to be associated with worse outcomes for patients with E.coli bacteremia.
Interleukin-1β and TNF-α systems in ovarian follicles and their roles during follicular development, oocyte maturation and ovulation
Authors: Silva José R.V. , Lima Francisco E.O. , Souza Ana L.P. , Silva Anderson W.B. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryTumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are cytokines that are involved in the development, proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian follicular cells in domestic mammals. The expression of these cytokines in various follicular compartments, depending on the stage of follicle development, demonstrates their involvement in the control of primordial follicle growth up to the preovulatory stage. The mechanism of action of these factors depends on the presence of their receptors that transduce their biological actions. This review shows the expression sites of TNF-α, IL-1β and their receptors in ovarian follicles, and discusses the mechanism of action of these cytokines during follicle development, oocyte maturation and ovulation in domestic animals.
Transcatheter radiofrequency ablation using near-zero fluoroscopy in children with fascicular ventricular tachycardia: a single-centre experience
Authors: Balli Sevket , Kucuk Mehmet , Epçaçan Serdar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:Fascicular tachycardia is a common form of sustained idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. This study aimed to achieve successful results with catheter ablation procedures performed through three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping using near-zero fluoroscopy in fascicular tachycardia patients.Methods and results:In this study, we included 33 consecutive children with fascicular tachycardia, for whom we performed a transcatheter radiofrequency ablation procedure using the EnSite® system. Activation mapping was performed in all patients during tachycardia, and the earliest presystolic purkinje potentials were the target site for radiofrequency lesions.Results:Twenty-five patients were male, and eight were female. The mean weight of the patients was 39.6 ± 10.4 kg, and the mean age was 13.6 ± 2.5 years. The mean procedure time was 121.3 ± 44.3 minutes. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 ± 6.5 months. No fluoroscopy was needed in 30 patients. The mean fluoroscopy time in the remaining patients was 166.6 ± 80 seconds. All of the patients had left posterior fascicular tachycardia except for one who had left anterior fascicular tachycardia. The acute success rate was perfect (100%). No patients developed left bundle branch block or complete atrioventricular block. Recurrence developed in one patient.Conclusion:We suggest that radiofrequency ablations via an electroanatomic mapping system are quite safe and effective, with high success rates in paediatric patients with fascicular tachycardia. This method has the advantage of avoiding ionising radiation exposure for both the patient and operator, thus reducing the lifetime risk of malignancy in the paediatric population.
A systematic review of interventions to improve the dietary intake, physical activity and weight status of children attending family day care services
Authors: Yoong Sze Lin , Lum Melanie , Jones Jannah , Kerr Erin , Falkiner Maryann , Delaney Tessa , McCrabb Sam , Chai Li Kheng , Seward Kirsty , Grady Alice 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To (i) identify and synthesise findings from interventions to improve the dietary intake, physical activity and weight status of children aged 0–6 years attending family day care services; and (ii) assess the impact of interventions on family day care environments, intervention cost and adverse outcomes.Design:Medline in Process, PsycINFO, ERIC, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Scopus databases were searched in March 2019. Studies were included if they (i) evaluated an intervention to improve the diet, physical activity and/or weight of children aged 0–6 years; (ii) were delivered in family day care services; (iii) targeted child diet, physical activity and/or weight; and (iv) used a parallel control group design. Screening was undertaken by two reviewers with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer.Setting:Family day care services, also known as family childcare homes.Participants:Children aged 0–6 years attending family day care services.Results:In total, 8977 titles were retrieved, and 199 full-texts reviewed. No studies met the inclusion criteria for the primary outcome; however, two studies reporting on the secondary outcome of family day care environments were included. The 4-year community-wide obesity prevention programme and the 12-month train-the-trainer programme both reported statistically significant improvements in the healthy eating and physical activity environments of family day care, compared to cross-sectional state-average control groups.Conclusions:Findings highlight few existing interventions in family day care services and a need for high-quality controlled trials to identify effective interventions to improve children’s diet, activity and weight in this setting.
Constraints on the Timing of Explosive Volcanism at Aso and Aira Calderas (Japan) Between 50 and 30 ka: New Insights From the Lake Suigetsu Sedimentary Record (SG14 Core)
Authors: McLean D. , Albert P. G. , Suzuki T. , Nakagawa T. , Kimura J.‐I. , Chang Q. , Miyabuchi Y. , Manning C. J. , MacLeod A. , Blockley S. P. E. , Staff R. A. , Yamada K. , Kitaba I. , Yamasaki A. , Haraguchi T. , Kitagawa J. ,   SG14 Project Members, Smith V. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVolcanoes in the East Asian/Pacific region have been the source of some of the largest magnitude eruptions during the Late Quaternary, and accurately evaluating their eruptive histories is essential for hazard assessments. To overcome difficulties in resolving and precisely dating eruptions in the near‐source realm, the high‐resolution (varved) sediments of Lake Suigetsu (central Honshu, Japan) were examined for the presence of non‐visible (cryptotephra) layers from 50 ka up until the 30 ka Aira‐Tanzawa (AT) caldera‐forming event of Aira volcano. Cryptotephra layers are four times more frequently preserved than visible markers in the Suigetsu sediments, meaning that this archive provides a unique and unprecedented record of eruptions that were dispersed over the densely populated regions of central Honshu. Major and trace element volcanic glass chemistry is used to fingerprint the ash layers and pinpoint their volcanic origin. Tephras are found throughout the investigated sediments, but the highest abundance of ash fall events are recorded between 39 and 30 ka, capturing a period of intense volcanism at calderas on Kyushu Island (Japan). The augmented Suigetsu tephrostratigraphy records at least seven eruptions from Aso caldera (southern Kyushu) that post‐date the widespread ACP‐4 Plinian eruption (ca. 50 ka) and four explosive events from Aira (central Kyushu) that occurred leading up to the catastrophic caldera‐forming AT eruption (ca. 30 ka).
Rapid Viscoelastic Deformation Slows Marine Ice Sheet Instability at Pine Island Glacier
Authors: Kachuck S. B. , Martin D. F. , Bassis J. N. , Price S. F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ice sheets of the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) are vulnerable to the marine ice sheet instability (MISI), which could cause irreversible collapse and raise sea levels by over a meter. The uncertain timing and scale of this collapse depend on the complex interaction between ice, ocean, and bedrock dynamics. The mantle beneath the ASE is likely less viscous (∼1018 Pa s) than the Earth's average mantle (∼1021 Pa s). Here we show that an effective equilibrium between Pine Island Glacier's retreat and the response of a weak viscoelastic mantle can reduce ice mass lost by almost 30% over 150 years. Other components of solid Earth response—purely elastic deformations and geoid perturbations—provide less stability than the viscoelastic response alone. Uncertainties in mantle rheology, topography, and basal melt affect how much stability we expect, if any. Our study indicates the importance of considering viscoelastic uplift during the rapid retreat associated with MISI.
Crossbreeding CMIP6 Earth System Models With an Emulator for Regionally Optimized Land Temperature Projections
Authors: Beusch Lea , Gudmundsson Lukas , Seneviratne Sonia I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe newest generation of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) exhibits a larger spread in temperature projections at the end of the 21st century than the previous generation. Here, a modular Earth System Model emulator is used to evaluate the realism of the warming signal in CMIP6 models on both global and regional scales, by comparing their global trends and regional response parameters to observations. Subsequently, the emulator is employed to derive large “crossbred” multimodel initial‐condition ensembles of regionally optimized land temperature projections by combining observationally constrained global mean temperature trend trajectories with observationally constrained local parameters. In the optimized ensembles, the warmest temperature projections are generally reduced and for the coolest projections both higher and lower values are found, depending on the region. The median shows less changes in large parts of the globe. These regional differences highlight the importance of a geographically explicit evaluation of Earth System Model projections.
Small‐Scale Topographic Form Stress and Local Dynamics of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Zhang Xihan , Nikurashin Maxim 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe contribution of small‐scale abyssal hill topography to the topographic form stress and local dynamics of the Southern Ocean is investigated using a high‐resolution model of the sector of the Southern Ocean south of Tasmania and New Zealand. The results of two simulations, with and without small, O(1–100 km), scale topography, confirm that the effects of small‐scale topography are exerted through the generation of strong topographic form stress leading to transient eddy dissipation and changes in flow meanders. Small‐scale topographic form stress is comparable in magnitude to that generated by large‐scale topography, but with a pairwise distribution of positive and negative stress values upstream and downstream of the Macquarie Ridge, consistent with the meandering of the flow. In the experiment without small‐scale topography, the bottom mean flow speed increases, while the surface mean speed slightly decreases, making the mean flow more barotropic. Eddy kinetic energy also greatly enhances throughout the water column after removing small‐scale topography. Our results suggest that small‐scale topography has strong impact on transient eddies and plays an important role for setting the vertical structure of the flow and the equilibration and position of flow meanders.
Back‐to‐Back Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in the Arabian Sea During October–November 2015: Causes and Responses
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Riyanka , Prasanna Kumar S. , Narvekar Jayu , Chakraborty Arun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the Arabian Sea, two extremely severe cyclonic storms occurred back to back during October–November 2015. Using a suite of ocean and atmospheric data, we examined the upper ocean responses of tropical cyclones Chapala and Megh, the latter originated immediately after the dissipation of the former. Cyclones Chapala and Megh cooled the sea surface by 1.5°C and 1.0°C, respectively, which was also captured by Bio‐Argo float in the vicinity of their tracks. The cyclone‐induced chlorophyll a enhancement was 6 and 2 times respectively from their precyclone value of 0.36 and 0.30 mg/m3, while the net primary productivity showed an increase of 5.8 and 1.7 times respectively from the precyclone values of 496.26 and 518.63 mg C/m2/day after the passage of Chapala and Megh. The CO2 flux showed a sixfold and twofold increase respectively compared to the precyclone value of 2.69–3.58 and 6.78 mmol/m2/day. We show that the anomalous co‐occurrence of the positive phase of Indian Ocean Dipole and the strong El Niño supported large‐scale warming in the western Arabian Sea. Subsequent altered Walker circulation played a decisive role in the preconditioning of both atmosphere and ocean, which led to a situation congenial for cyclogenesis. What triggered the formation of the cyclone Chapala was the arrival of eastward‐propagating atmospheric convection associated with the Madden‐Julian oscillation. The generation of the second cyclone Megh within 8 days appears to be associated with the oceanic Rossby wave that led to an increase in the upper ocean heat content by deepening the 26°C isotherm in the vicinity of the origin of cyclones.
Modeling the Seasonality and Controls of Nitrous Oxide Emissions on the Northwest European Continental Shelf
Authors: Lessin Gennadi , Polimene Luca , Artioli Yuri , Butenschön Momme , Clark Darren R. , Brown Ian , Rees Andrew P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEstimates of oceanic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) are surrounded by a considerable degree of uncertainty, particularly regarding the contribution of productive shelf regions, where assessments are based on limited observations. In this paper, we have applied a coupled hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model resolving N2O dynamics to estimate N2O emissions within the northwest European continental shelf. Based on 10‐year average distributions (2006–2015), dominant seasonal patterns of N2O air‐sea exchange were identified. Within the southwest region of the shelf and deep parts of the North Sea, emissions are highest during winter. Peak emissions during late autumn are typical for the northwest part of the shelf and central North Sea, while in the western English Channel, Irish Sea and western North Sea peak outflux shifts toward early autumn. Within these regions, most N2O production occurs below the seasonal pycnocline, and duration and intensity of stratification defines the timing and rate of its subsequent release to the atmosphere. In contrast, within the southeast North Sea and most of the coastal areas, lack of stratification allows the excess N2O to outgas as soon as it is produced, driven by ammonium availability, resulting in peak emissions in summer. We estimate that N2O emissions from the northwest European shelf contribute 0.02224 Tg N to the atmosphere annually, that is, between 3.3–6.8% of total emissions from European shelves and estuaries.