bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palenquero origins
Authors: Parkvall Mikael , Jacobs Bart 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPalenquero is a Spanish-lexified creole spoken in Columbia. We argue that existing hypotheses regarding its birth are problematic in several regards. This article addresses the inconsistencies in these hypotheses and provides an alternative, more coherent account. More precisely, we take issue with the following three claims: (a) Palenquero is the result of a two-language encounter; (b) it has its roots in a West African Afro-Portuguese proto-variety; (c) an ancestral form of the creole emerged in the port city of Cartagena. We then set out to present our own, more economical, formation scenario, according to which Palenquero was formed in the early 1600s in the linguistically heterogenous maroon communities of the Cartagenan hinterlands.
L2 writing and L2 learning: Transfer, self-regulation, and identities
Authors: Cumming Alister 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Can aspects of a second language (L2) be learned through writing the language? Research addressing
this question has focused on (a) the transfer of knowledge and skills; (b) attention, self-regulation, knowledge
consolidation, or collaboration while composing; or (c) development of identities within particular discourse
communities and complex dynamic systems. This chapter reviews research and theories from these three perspectives,
which suggest 10 tentative claims about diverse ways in which L2 writing may foster L2 learning. These claims are
analyzed from the perspectives of behaviorist, cognitive, sociocultural, and complexity theories of learning.
A dual-process model of L1 writing processes
Authors: Galbraith David , Al-Saadi Zulaikha 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Current models of the cognitive processes involved in L1 writing treat them as problem-solving
processes, and characterize expert / novice differences as a contrast between a knowledge-transforming approach and a
knowledge-telling approach. Empirical research informed by these models has typically used this distinction as a
characterization of the processes involved but has not explicitly tested what effect these have on the writer’s
knowledge. In this chapter, we argue that these models neglect the implicit nature of much of the writer’s knowledge,
and present an alternative dual-process model of writing, which is designed to take this into account. We then
describe recent studies in L1 that support the main claims of the dual-process model, call into question some of the
assumptions of problem-solving models and suggest that an alternative rough-drafting strategy may help overcome the
conflict between text quality and the development of the writer’s understanding. We conclude by discussing the
implications for research into L2 writing processes and drafting strategies.
Toward an agenda for researching L2 writing and language learning
Authors: Byrnes Heidi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Taking an educational linguistics perspective, the chapter highlights four areas that have the
potential of illuminating possible effects of L2 writing for L2 learning. They address pressing issues by (a)
theorizing writing as textual meaning-making; (b) emphasizing the pivotal role of the educational context, in its
conceptualization and its practice; (c) affirming the long-term nature of developing literate forms of language use
under a longitudinal optic; and d) privileging an extended, well-conceptualized curricular framework. The chapter
suggests that these dimensions can yield important insights regarding the long-term development of both L2 composing
and L2 abilities, especially when they are informed by a textually oriented theory of language, such as Systemic
Functional Linguistics, and contemporary thinking in Complex Dynamic Systems Theory.
L2 writing-to-learn
Authors: Leow Ronald P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Given the current contextual focus on the cognitive processes employed during L2 written production
in ISLA with a focus on L2 writing-to-learn in relation to written corrective feedback (WCF), this
chapter provides (1) a description of the curricular context in which the writing-to-learn
perspective lies, together with its associated learning outcomes and assumed pedagogical ramifications derived from
empirical research; (2) a succinct review of theoretical underpinnings postulated to account for cognitive processes
employed during the phase of addressing WCF; (3) a critical report of L2 WCF studies premised on these underpinnings,
their curricular association, and potential pedagogical extrapolations; and (4) a curricular approach that involves
potential directions for future research premised on understanding and promoting such processes during this writing
process in relation to L2 development.
Investigating the relationship between peer interaction and writing processes in computer-supported collaborative
L2 writing
Authors: Stiefenhöfer Laura , Michel Marije C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Twenty-first century technology has created new digital contexts (e.g., shared online writing
platforms) that influence the potential of collaborative writing for second language (L2) learning. Making a
methodological contribution to studying L2 computer-supported collaborative writing (CSCW), the present chapter
reports on an exploratory yet innovative investigation triangulating data from text mining, interaction analyses,
eye-tracking, and stimulated recall. Eight international students in the UK used Google Docs for paired collaborative
writing tasks. Results of quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal the many ways in which peers interact with each
other and the nature of the emerging text during CSCW. Findings illustrate the complexities of CSCW and indicate how
triangulating different methods facilitates the study of the affordances of CSCW and its potential contribution to L2
learning.
The meaning-making potential of collaborative L2 writing at tertiary level
Authors: Saller Marcus 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter reports on a longitudinal study on collaborative writing by advanced L2 university
students. In an attempt to elucidate the language-learning potential of collaborative writing over one semester, a
mixed-method, descriptive, exploratory study with students writing essays in digital environments individually
(n = 11) and in pairs (n = 15) was designed. Data consisted of the audio
recordings of dyadic interaction, surveys, and expository essays. Results provide evidence of dyads deliberating upon
complex meaning-making decisions, indicate positive responses to collaborative writing, and suggest heterogeneous
development of syntactic complexity features characteristic of academic writing between the groups. Findings will be
discussed from the point of view of research and pedagogy.
An ISLA perspective on L2 learning through writing
Authors: Manchón Rosa M. , Leow Ronald P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This chapter argues for the relevance of framing L2 writing research associated with language
learning as part of a language curriculum within an instructed second language acquisition (ISLA)
perspective. In line with current ISLA theorizing, we argue that the field should prioritize the conduct of additional
studies of the processing dimension of writing and we envisage this future work as contributing to both
applied ISLA and ISLA applied. We synthesize past research on writing processes
and, against this background, we propose several future avenues and methodological directions for a process-oriented
agenda in the domain. We conclude with a synthesis of the ideas discussed and with an assessment of what our optic
offers to the collective inquiry into writing as a site for language learning that this book attempts to provide.
The language learning potential of L2 writing
Authors: Manchón Rosa M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this final chapter I articulate how the book contributes to advancing previous intersectional work
between the fields of L2 writing and ISLA/SLA. To this end, I discuss the volume’s expansion of theoretical and
empirical knowledge on writing as a site for language development in terms of (a) new empirical insights provided on
the learning affordances of L2 writing and the variables mediating observed effects, and (b) future research
directions suggested, primarily in terms of domains to be researched, empirical questions to be addressed, and methods
of inquiry to be employed.
Bonding across Chinese social media
Authors: Xie Chaoqun , Tong Ying , Yus Francisco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper explores social bonding in language play via the construction of ‘Chinese character (annotation)’ on two major social media platforms (Sina WeiboandWeChat) in China. The Chinese characters and their bracketed annotations under study, despite their one-to-one matching in sequence, never match each other either in meaning or in pronunciation. They convey a sense of playfulness among social media users who may be acquaintances or strangers to each other. While research on language play has uncovered systematic interpersonal meanings and social functions, our analysis of screen-based and user-based data shows that such linguistic behavior in a virtual community of practice contributes to social bonding among social media players. Within such structure and with different substitutes for both characters and annotations, social media users frame their expressions in evaluative or emotive ways to facilitate their presentation of an alternative self and of individual or community values.
Elite athletes’ experiences of interpersonal violence in organized sport in Germany, the Netherlands, and Belgium
Authors: Ohlert Jeannine , Vertommen Tine , Rulofs Bettina , Rau Thea , Allroggen Marc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInterpersonal violence in sport occurs in different forms, from emotional abuse, overtraining, bullying, physical aggression and pressuring to punishment and sexual abuse. Due to the use of different definitions, a comparison of prevalence estimates between studies in different countries has not been possible to date. The aim of the current study was thus to present the prevalence estimates of interpersonal violence in elite sport for the Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders), and Germany and to examine the overlap of three types of interpersonal violence. Data from two different surveys (one in the Netherlands and Flanders and another in Germany) of a total of 1,665 elite athletes (n = 533 from the Netherlands and Flanders, n = 1,132 from Germany) were used. Athletes were asked to answer questions about their experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in the context of organized sport. In general, lifetime prevalence estimates for all three types of interpersonal violence are more than 24% in elite athletes, with the highest numbers for psychological violence. Compared to representative population samples the prevalence rate of psychological violence seems to be particularly high. Gender differences were only evident for sexual violence, with female athletes showing higher prevalence estimates than male athletes. Furthermore, a high overlap of experiences of the three different forms of interpersonal violence was found for all three countries. The differences in prevalence estimates between the three countries are discussed.
In-situ control of microdischarge characteristics in unipolar pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum
Authors: Hermanns Patrick , Boeddeker Simon , Bracht Vera , Bibinov Nikita , Awakowicz Peter 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Microdischarges occurring during plasma electrolytic oxidation are the main mechanism promoting oxide growth compared to classical anodization. When the dissipated energy by microdischarges during the coating process gets too large, high-intensity discharges might occur, which are detrimental to the oxide layer. In bipolar pulsed plasma electrolytic oxidation a so called ‘soft-sparking’ mode limits microdischarge growth. This method is not available for unipolar pulsing and for all material combinations. In this work, the authors provide a method to control the size- and intensity distributions of microdischarges by utilizing a multivariable closed-loop control. In-situ detection of microdischarge properties by CCD-camera measurements and fast image processing algorithms are deployed. The visible size of microdischarges is controlled by adjusting the duty cycle in a closed-loop feedback scheme, utilizing a PI-controller. Uncontrolled measurements are compared to controlled cases. The microdischarge sizes are controlled to a mean value of

A
=
5
⋅

10

−
3

m
m

2

and

A
=
7
⋅

10

−
3

m
m

2

, respectively. Results for controlled cases show, that size and intensity distributions remain constant over the processing time of 35 minutes. Larger, high-intensity discharges can be effectively prevented. Optical emission spectra reveal, that certain spectral lines can be influenced or controlled with this method. Calculated black body radiation fits with very good agreement to measured continuum emission spectra (

T
=
3200

K

). Variance of microdischarge size, emission intensity and continuum radiation between consecutive measurements is reduced to a large extent, promoting uniform microdischarge and oxide layer properties. A reduced variance in surface defects can be seen in SEM measurements, after coating for 35 minutes, for controlled cases. Surface defect study shows increased number density of microdischarge impact regions, while at the same time reducing pancake diameters, implying reduced microdischarge energies compared to uncontrolled cases.
On the choice of proper average lifetime formula for an ensemble of emitters showing non-single exponential photoluminescence decay
Authors: Zatryb G , Klak M M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate non-single exponential photoluminescence decays in various disordered condensed-matter systems. For such materials, two formulas for the average lifetime of system’s excited state are commonly used in the analysis of experimental data. In many cases, the choice of formula is arbitrary and lacks a clear physical justification. For this reason, our main goal is to show that the choice of correct mathematical formula should be based on the interpretation of measured photoluminescence decay curve. It is shown that depending on the investigated system, after appropriate normalization, photoluminescence decay curve can represent either a survival probability function or a probability density function of lifetime and for this reason two different formulas for the average lifetime are required. It is also shown that, depending on luminescence quantum yield, some information on the probability density function of lifetime can be lost in the process of measurement, which results in underestimated values of average lifetime. Finally, we provide an interpretation of total decay rate distributions which are frequently obtained by phenomenological modeling of non-single exponential photoluminescence decays.
Hot-carrier separation in heterostructure nanowires observed by electron-beam induced current
Authors: Fast Jonatan , Barrigon Enrique , Kumar Mukesh , Chen Yang , Samuelson Lars , Borgström Magnus , Gustafsson Anders , Limpert Steven , Burke Adam , Linke Heiner 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The separation of hot carriers in semiconductors is of interest for applications such as thermovoltaic photodetection and third-generation photovoltaics. Semiconductor nanowires offer several potential advantages for effective hot-carrier separation such as: a high degree of control and flexibility in heterostructure-based band engineering, increased hot-carrier temperatures compared to bulk, and a geometry well suited for local control of light absorption. Indeed, InAs nanowires with a short InP energy barrier have been observed to produce electric power under global illumination, with an open-circuit voltage exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit. To understand this behaviour in more detail, it is necessary to establish control over the precise location of electron-hole pair-generation in the nanowire. In this work we perform electron-beam induced current measurements with high spatial resolution, and demonstrate the role of the InP barrier in extracting energetic electrons.We interprete the results in terms of hot-carrier separation, and extract estimates of the hot carriers’ mean free path.
Alternative physics to understand wall turbulence: Navier–Stokes equations with modified linear dynamics
Authors: Lozano-Durán Adrián , Nikolaidis Marios-Andreas , Constantinou Navid C. , Karp Michael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Despite the nonlinear nature of wall turbulence, there is evidence that the energy-injection mechanisms sustaining wall turbulence can be ascribed to linear processes. The different scenarios stem from linear stability theory and comprise exponential instabilities from mean-flow inflection points, transient growth from non-normal operators, and parametric instabilities from temporal mean-flow variations, among others. These mechanisms, each potentially capable of leading to the observed turbulence structure, are rooted in simplified theories and conceptual arguments. Whether the flow follows any or a combination of them remains unclear. In the present study, we devise a collection of numerical experiments in which the Navier–Stokes equations are sensibly modified to quantify the role of the different linear mechanisms. This is achieved by direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows with constrained energy extraction from the streamwise-averaged mean-flow. We demonstrate that (i) transient growth alone is not sufficient to sustain wall turbulence and (ii) the flow remains turbulent when the exponential instabilities are suppressed. On the other hand, we show that (iii) transient growth combined with the parametric instability of the time-varying mean-flow is able to sustain turbulence.
Large-scale structures predicted by linear models of wall-bounded turbulence
Authors: Symon S. , Illingworth S. J. , Marusic I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this article is to determine for which scales stochastic forcing of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations, recast as the resolvent operator, is sufficient to reproduce second-order statistics in turbulent channel flow. Our focus is on the large scales at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ = 2003. We consider a molecular resolvent operator, where only the kinematic viscosity appears, and an eddy resolvent operator, where the kinematic viscosity is augmented with an eddy viscosity profile. The molecular resolvent operator is able to identify the wall-normal height where the maximum energy of a structure is located, but it fails to predict the most energetic wave speed. It also overestimates the streamwise velocity component and underestimates the spatial support of the structures in the wall-normal direction. When the eddy resolvent operator identifies the most energetic wave speed, it also predicts the correct statistics for a given spatial scale. For spatial scales where this criterion is not met, the eddy viscosity overdamps the linear response. As a result, it predicts energetic wave speeds which are too low and velocity structures which are too energetic close to the wall. We conclude that eddy viscosity works best for structures which are most energetic in the wake region while its performance deteriorates for structures that are active in the log region.
Dynamic mode decomposition analysis of coherent structures in rotating plane Couette flow
Authors: Sacco Francesco , Ostilla-Mónico Rodolfo , Verzicco Roberto 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Large scale structures have been observed in many turbulent wall bounded flows, such as pipe, Couette or square duct flows. Many efforts have been made in order to capture such structures to understand and model them. However, commonly used methods have their limitations, such as arbitrariness in parameter choice or specificity to certain setups. In this manuscript we attempt to overcome these limitations by using two variants of Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). We apply these methods to (rotating) Plane Couette flow, and verify that DMD-based methods are adequate to detect the coherent structures and to extract the distinct properties arising from different control parameters. In particular, these DMD variants are able to capture the influence of rotation on large-scale structures by coupling velocity components. We also show how high-order DMD methods are able to capture some complex temporal dynamics of the large-scale structures. These results show that DMD-based methods are a promising way of filtering and analysing wall bounded flows.
Turbulent flow over spanwise-varying roughness in a minimal streamwise channel
Authors: Xie Michael X , Chung Daniel , Hutchins Nicholas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report direct numerical simulations in a minimal streamwise domain of turbulent channel flow over spanwise-alternating patches of rough and smooth walls. Despite the minimal streamwise domain overpredicting streamwise-velocity fluctuations and inhibiting the meandering of long turbulent structures, it captures the rotational behaviour of mean secondary flows also observed in other studies with spanwise-varying roughness. To extend the study of spanwise-varying roughness, we prescribe a lateral velocity to the wall roughness to mimic flow over oblique patches of roughness. Far from the wall, long-lived turbulent structures are convected in the direction of the moving roughness, but their speeds are only weakly perturbed from a preferential value of around 40% of the friction velocity. The turbulence-driven secondary flows laterally convect at comparable speeds, but depend on the roughness patch width.
In vitro characterization of osteoblast cells on polyelectrolyte multilayers containing detonation nanodiamonds
Authors: Balakin Sascha , Yun Young-Shik , Lee Jihye , Kang Eun-Hye , Spohn Juliane , Yun In-Sik , Opitz Jörg , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Yeo Jong-Souk 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nanoparticle-enhanced coatings of bone implants are a promising method to facilitate sustainable wound healing, leading to an increase in patient well-being. This article describes the in vitro characterization of osteoblast cells interacting with polyelectrolyte multilayers, which contain detonation nanodiamonds (NDs), as a novel class of carbon-based coating material, which presents a unique combination of photoluminescence and drug-binding properties. The cationic polyelectrolyte, namely polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA), has been used to immobilize NDs on silica glass. The height of ND-PDDA multilayers varies from a minimum of 10 nm for one bilayer to a maximum of 90 nm for five bilayers of NDs and PDDA. Human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs) cultured on ND-PDDA multilayers show a large number of focal adhesions, which were studied via quantitative fluorescence imaging analysis. The influence of the surface roughness on the filopodia formation was assessed via scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The nano-rough surface of five bilayers constrained the filopodia formation. The hFOBs grown on NDs tend to show not only a similar cell morphology compared to cells cultured on extracellular matrix protein-coated silica glass substrates, but also increased cell viability by about 40%. The high biocompatibility of the ND-PDDA multilayers, indicated via high cell proliferation and sound cell adhesion, shows their potential for biomedical applications such as drug-eluting coatings and biomaterials in general.