bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality–quantity trade‐offs drive functional trait evolution in a model microalgal ‘climate change winner’
Authors: Lindberg Rasmus T. , Collins Sinéad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhytoplankton are the unicellular photosynthetic microbes that form the base of aquatic ecosystems, and their responses to global change will impact everything from food web dynamics to global nutrient cycles. Some taxa respond to environmental change by increasing population growth rates in the short‐term and are projected to increase in frequency over decades. To gain insight into how these projected ‘climate change winners’ evolve, we grew populations of microalgae in ameliorated environments for several hundred generations. Most populations evolved to allocate a smaller proportion of carbon to growth while increasing their ability to tolerate and metabolise reactive oxygen species (ROS). This trade‐off drives the evolution of traits that underlie the ecological and biogeochemical roles of phytoplankton. This offers evolutionary and a metabolic frameworks for understanding trait evolution in projected ‘climate change winners’ and suggests that short‐term population booms have the potential to be dampened or reversed when environmental amelioration persists.
Clinical characteristics of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 antibody‐related polyneuropathy: a retrospective study
Authors: Kovvuru S. , Cardenas Y. C. , Huttner A. , Nowak R. J. , Roy B. 
Published: February 2020

Background and purposeAutoantibodies are increasingly being used as a diagnostic biomarker of chronic inflammatory neuropathies. However, their role and associated clinical syndrome are not well defined.MethodsThis retrospective chart review evaluated the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup and therapeutic responses in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) antibody‐associated neuropathy.ResultsA total of 27 patients [14 men, aged 29–87 (65 ± 14) years] with positive FGFR3 antibody were included. Distal lower‐extremity paresthesia (66%), unsteady gait (26%) and foot drop (11%) were common presenting symptoms. Symptom onset was acute in four (15%) cases. Distal lower‐extremity weakness (mild in eight and severe in three patients) was the most frequent motor finding. Decreased distal sensation to pinprick (59%) and loss of vibration sensation (37%) were observed. Titer of FGFR3 ranged between 3100 and 30 000 (normal < 3000) with a mean of 10 688 ± 7284. Apart from the occasional association of other neuropathy‐related autoantibodies, comprehensive neuropathy workup was otherwise unrevealing. Six patients had other autoimmune disease and seven patients had a history of cancer. Electromyography reflected sensorimotor neuropathy with mixed axonal and demyelinating features in 11 cases. Pure sensory neuropathy was noted in three patients. Demyelination was found in five of six nerve biopsies. Intravenous immunoglobulin response was observed in 8/10 treated patients.ConclusionsThe FGFR3 antibody appears not to be restricted to sensory neuropathy only. Its role in the pathogenicity of chronic inflammatory neuropathies is not yet well established and, although there may be a role for immunotherapy, larger studies are warranted.
Finding weaknesses in networks using Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure and Path Relinking
Authors: Pérez‐Peló Sergio , Sánchez‐Oro Jesús , Duarte Abraham 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the relevance of cybersecurity has been increasingly evident to companies and institutions, as well as to final users. Because of that, it is important to ensure the robustness of a network. With the aim of improving the security of the network, it is desirable to find out which are the most critical nodes in order to protect them from external attackers. This work tackles this problem, named the α‐separator problem, from a heuristic perspective, proposing an algorithm based on the Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP). In particular, a novel approach for the constructive procedure is proposed, where centrality metrics derived from social network analysis are used as a greedy criterion. Furthermore, the quality of the provided solutions is improved by means of a combination method based on Path Relinking (PR). This work explores different variants of PR, also adapting the most recent one, Exterior PR, for the problem under consideration. The combination of GRASP + PR allows the algorithm to obtain high‐quality solutions within a reasonable computing time. The proposal is supported by a set of intensive computational experiments that show the quality of the proposal, comparing it with the most competitive algorithm found in the state of art.
Large herbivore conservation in a changing world: Surface water provision and adaptability allow wildebeest to persist after collapse of long‐range movements
Authors: Weeber Joshua , Hempson Gareth P. , February Edmund C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge herbivores, particularly wide‐ranging species, are extensively impacted by land use transformation and other anthropogenic barriers to movement. The adaptability of a species is, therefore, crucial to determining whether populations can persist in ever smaller subsets of their historical home ranges. Access to water, by drinking or from forage moisture, is an essential requirement, and surface water provision is thus a long‐established, although controversial, conservation practice. In the arid Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP), South Africa, surface water provision in the 1930s facilitated the establishment of a sedentary wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) population in a region historically accessed only in the wet season, via now collapsed long‐distance movements. Here, we investigate the behaviour and diet of this wildebeest population, and how these relate to water in the landscape, to better understand the process of transitioning from a mobile to sedentary population. Data from 26 monthly surveys reveal that wildebeest distributions are shaped by water availability and salinity, shade, forage, season and possibly predator detectability. Areas with saline or no water are used predominantly in the wet season when forage moisture is high. Wet season movements beyond the study area mean the timing of wildebeest grazing in these regions matches historical timing. Grass utilization field data suggest that the KTP grazer population experiences forage deficits during the dry season, when ~80% of grass tufts are grazed and C:N and crude protein levels decline. Nonetheless, dung isotope data show that wildebeest meet their crude protein intake requirements during the dry season, likely by consuming unprecedentedly high levels of browse (>33%). While restoring the full historical range and movements of most large herbivore populations is not possible, these findings highlight that understanding the behavioural and dietary adaptability of a species can augment ‘next best’ efforts to conserve viable populations while home ranges contract.
Voters' wrath? Policy change and government popularity
Authors: Arndt Christoph , Jensen Carsten , Wenzelburger Georg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent research suggests that voters are bad at responding in a meaningful way to policy events when deciding for whom to vote. Voters rely on so‐called “blind retrospection”, punishing governments for events outside politicians' control. However, another core aspect of the blind retrospection perspective has not been put to the test: are voters unable to respond to policy decisions that clearly are under the politicians' control? We construct a unique large‐N dataset on legislative changes in German old age pensions and unemployment protection to see if cutbacks and expansions lead to lower/higher support for the government. Our data are exceptionally fine‐grained and allow us to track the policy‐vote link for 416 months from 1977 to 2013 with a total of 329,167 respondents. We find substantial support for the notion that voters react in a meaningful way to policy changes, but also that they can be distracted by high‐profile, extreme events.
Complexity of best‐evidenced practice in periodontal therapy: Views of Swedish Dental Hygienists
Authors: Liss Anna , Nilsson Kerstin , Wennström Jan L. , Abrahamsson Kajsa H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesDental hygienists (DHs) have an important role in the treatment of patients with periodontitis. The objective of the current qualitative interview study was to gain understanding about personal and organizational factors that influence best‐evidenced DH practice in the treatment of periodontitis.MethodsData were obtained by interviewing Swedish DHs, who had been engaged in a preceding clinical field study on evidence‐based periodontal therapy. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis. Data sampling was terminated after 18 interviews, when deemed that sufficient amount of information had been gained.ResultsIn the analysis of the interview data, a main theme was identified as “I know what to do, but I do as I usually do; DHs' ambivalence between theory and practice in the treatment of patients with periodontitis.” The results elucidated that the DHs were well aware of “what to do” in order to offer their patients adequate periodontal care, but this knowledge was not congruent with how they usually worked. Established routines and culture at the clinic, DHs' predetermined beliefs about lack of motivation and ability to cooperate among patients, lack of time and reflection, economic demands in care and lack of interest and support by co‐working dentists were barriers to best‐evidenced DH practice in periodontal care.ConclusionsThe results elucidate the complexity of best‐evidenced DH practice in the treatment of periodontal patients and indicate needs for quality improvement of the periodontal care provided in general dental practice, by actions taken on both individual/professional and organizational levels.
A web‐based therapeutic patient education intervention for pain and sleep for women with fibromyalgia: A sequential exploratory mixed‐methods research protocol
Authors: Climent‐Sanz Carolina , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Moreno‐Casbas María T. , Blanco‐Blanco Joan , García‐Martínez Ester , Valenzuela‐Pascual Fran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate cognitive and behavioural factors related to pain and poor sleep quality in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia and to develop and test the effects of a web‐based therapeutic education intervention on pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, chronic pain self‐efficacy, sleep quality, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep and quality of life and health status related to fibromyalgia.DesignThe project will employ a sequential exploratory mixed methods research design.MethodsFor the qualitative phase, a theoretical sample living in the community will be recruited to participate in personal, semi‐structured interviews. For the quantitative phase, a sample of adult women with fibromyalgia will be recruited from secondary care centres and randomly allocated an intervention or a control group. The study protocol was approved in 2019.DiscussionFibromyalgia is the most common central sensitivity syndrome and one of the principal worldwide causes of chronic widespread pain among the adult population. Poor sleep quality is a highly prevalent and troublesome symptom for people with fibromyalgia. Psychosocial and behavioural factors have been shown to relate intimately with the symptom experiences of people with fibromyalgia; pain catastrophizing and dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep can perpetuate those and other fibromyalgia symptoms.ConclusionIt is imperative to reflect people's actual symptom experiences to develop effective symptom management strategies. In the Internet era, this project's proposed web‐based therapeutic education intervention could offer women with fibromyalgia a new avenue for treatment as part of standard fibromyalgia management programs in primary and secondary healthcare services.ImpactPain and poor sleep quality are highly prevalent and troublesome symptoms for people with fibromyalgia. The web‐based therapeutic education intervention proposed in this project could provide women with fibromyalgia a new avenue for treatment in primary and secondary healthcare services.Protocol registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03686410.
Experiences of an adolescent inpatient model of care: Adolescent and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Hayes Claire , Simmons Magenta , Palmer Victoria J. , Hamilton Bridget , Simons Christine , Hopwood Malcolm 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProblemAdolescent inpatient units have been studied regarding their effectiveness, yet little is known about the experiences of young people who are admitted and their caregivers. It is important to address this gap to understand adolescent inpatient models of care and therapeutic outcomes to maximize the benefit. Our aim was to explore adolescent and caregivers' experiences of an inpatient model of care (MoC) and perceived helpfulness.MethodsA longitudinal prospective qualitative design was utilized. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 adolescents and 12 caregivers at T1 (admission), T2 (discharge), and T3 (6 months postdischarge). Data were analysed first thematically and then using trajectory analysis. Themes from the three time‐points are presented from the combined perspectives of adolescents and caregivers.FindingsExperiences described followed a recovery narrative consisting of three key phases which included, “waiting for help” (T1), “help arrived” (T2), and having “returned to regular life” (T3). The overarching trajectory theme was a “winding road to recovery.”ConclusionFindings provide insights into the lived experiences from adolescents who have had an inpatient stay and their caregivers of an adolescent‐specific inpatient MoC. These findings can help conceptualize quality adolescent models of care for young people and their families.
Journeying with fear: Young people's experiences of cannabis use, crime and violence before treatment entry
Authors: Comiskey Catherine , James Philip , Smyth Bobby 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProblemThe experiences of crime and policing from the perspective of adolescent cannabis users before treatment entry are not often understood by practitioners.MethodsA qualitative design within an interpretivist paradigm was used. Data were collected using one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews. A convenience sample was recruited through two treatment centers in Dublin, Ireland in 2015. A deductive thematic analysis was used.FindingsIn‐depth interviews with eight young people were conducted. At the individual level, there was a common theme of naïve crimes with the introduction of debt and developing violence. Young people often stole from their families and obtained credit from dealers. Policing was initially viewed as benign. Families suffered as a result of the drug debts but young people also spoke of intergenerational drug use. As the young person's use progressed, the oppressed became the oppressor, young people were entrapped, violence escalated and real fear of incarceration and remorse was expressed.ConclusionFindings highlight the commonality of fear and the seriousness of personal and familial violent harms. The need for targeted developmental preventions in vulnerable settings is proposed. Parents and professionals need to have an awareness of money in the home and the role of intergenerational substance use.
Pingyangmycin inhibits glycosaminoglycan sulphation in both cancer cells and tumour tissues
Authors: Lan Ying , Li Xiulian , Liu Yong , He Yanli , Hao Cui , Wang Hua , Jin Liying , Zhang Guoqing , Zhang Shufeng , Zhou Aimin , Zhang Lijuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPingyangmycin is a clinically used anticancer drug and induces lung fibrosis in certain cancer patients. We previously reported that the negatively charged cell surface glycosaminoglycans are involved in the cellular uptake of the positively charged pingyangmycin. However, it is unknown if pingyangmycin affects glycosaminoglycan structures. Seven cell lines and a Lewis lung carcinoma‐injected C57BL/6 mouse model were used to understand the cytotoxicity of pingyangmycin and its effect on glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Stable isotope labelling coupled with LC/MS method was used to quantify glycosaminoglycan disaccharide compositions from pingyangmycin‐treated and untreated cell and tumour samples. Pingyangmycin reduced both chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate sulphation in cancer cells and in tumours. The effect was persistent at different pingyangmycin concentrations and at different exposure times. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of pingyangmycin was decreased in the presence of soluble glycosaminoglycans, in the glycosaminoglycan‐deficient cell line CHO745, and in the presence of chlorate. A flow cytometry‐based cell surface FGF/FGFR/glycosaminoglycan binding assay also showed that pingyangmycin changed cell surface glycosaminoglycan structures. Changes in the structures of glycosaminoglycans may be related to fibrosis induced by pingyangmycin in certain cancer patients.
Melatonin attenuates doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity through preservation of YAP expression
Authors: Li Hai‐ru , Wang Chao , Sun Ping , Liu Dan‐dan , Du Guo‐qing , Tian Jia‐wei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are increasing concerns related to the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin in the clinical setting. Recently, melatonin has been shown to exert a cardioprotective effect in various cardiovascular diseases, including cardiotoxic conditions. In this study, we examined the possible protective effects of melatonin on doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity and explored the underlying mechanisms related to this process. We found that in vitro doxorubicin treatment significantly decreased H9c2 cell viability and induced apoptosis as manifested by increased TUNEL‐positive cells, down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, as well as up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic protein Bax. This was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP). In vivo, five weeks of doxorubicin treatment significantly decreased cardiac function, as evaluated by echocardiography. TUNEL staining results confirmed the increased apoptosis caused by doxorubicin. On the other hand, combinational treatment of doxorubicin with melatonin decreased cardiomyocyte ROS and apoptosis levels, along with increasing MMP. Such doxorubicin‐melatonin co‐treatment alleviated in vivo doxorubicin‐induced cardiac injury. Western Blots, along with in vitro immunofluorescence and in vivo immunohistochemical staining confirmed that doxorubicin treatment significantly down‐regulated Yes‐associated protein (YAP) expression, while YAP levels were maintained under co‐treatment of doxorubicin and melatonin. YAP inhibition by siRNA abolished the protective effects of melatonin on doxorubicin‐treated cardiomyocytes, with reversed ROS level and apoptosis. Our findings suggested that melatonin treatment attenuated doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity through preserving YAP levels, which in turn decreases oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Let Us Europeans Move: How Collective Identities Drive Public Support for Border Regimes inside the EU
Authors: Karstens Felix 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAfter three decades of European integration, during which border controls seemed like a relic from the past, the refugee crisis and Brexit have brought the issue to the centre of public debate. Existing research points towards the relevance of collective identity for attitude formation in the field of high politics, but has so far not answered the question of how far collective identities explain support for different intra‐EU border regimes. My article closes this gap. It is based on an original representative EU‐wide survey from 2017 (N = 10,827), which analyses the nexus between border regime support, identity and migration experience, as well as contextual factors like immigration rates. Support for Schengen membership is significantly stronger among respondents with a European identity than those identifying exclusively with their nation‐state. These findings suggest that the endorsement of open borders and further integration in this policy area is strongly dependent on an inclusive European collective identity.
Mind the Gap: Southern Exit, Northern Voice and Changing Loyalties since the Euro Crisis
Authors: Matthijs Matthias , Merler Silvia 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, we examine whether the EU's unequal encroachment on its northern and southern members' core state powers since the Euro crisis – manifested in highly uneven burdens of economic adjustment and the reversal of intra‐EU migration dynamics – has in turn affected individual European identity. Using individual‐level data from Eurobarometer pooled over time, we investigate the micro‐foundations of EU citizens' continued sense of belonging, be it shared (national or EU) or exclusive (national). Though a steady majority of EU citizens continues to identify at least partially as European, we observe a rather puzzling North–South divergence in identity among the young and a widening skills gap overall. We argue that the Euro crisis triggered dynamics of southern exit (through surging South–North migration), northern voice (based on EU adoption of policies preferred in the North) and shifting national versus European loyalties, which may have consequences for the changing nature of European identity research.
Extra‐pair paternity as a strategy to reduce the costs of heterospecific reproduction? Insights from the crow hybrid zone
Authors: Knief Ulrich , Bossu Christen M. , Wolf Jochen B.W. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWithin hybrid zones of socially monogamous species, the number of mating opportunities with a conspecific can be limited. As a consequence, individuals may mate with a heterospecific (social) partner despite possible fitness costs to their hybrid offspring. Extra‐pair copulations with a conspecific may thus arise as a possible post hoc strategy to reduce the costs of hybridization. We here assessed the rate of extra‐pair paternity in the hybrid zone between all‐black carrion crows (Corvus (corone) corone) and grey hooded crows (C. (c.) cornix) and tested whether extra‐pair paternity (EPP) was more likely in broods where parents differed in plumage colour. The proportion of broods with at least one extra‐pair offspring and the proportion of extra‐pair offspring were low overall (6.98% and 2.90%, respectively) with no evidence of hybrid broods having higher EPP rates than purebred nests.