bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ce Addition on the Tribological Behavior of ZK60 Mg-Alloy
Authors: Banijamali S. M. , Palizdar Y. , Najafi S. , Sheikhani A. , Soltan Ali Nezhad M. , Valizadeh Moghaddam P. , Torkamani H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The present work aims to study the tribological behavior of an extruded ZK60 alloy in the presence of Ce; in a previous study, among ZK60 alloys with different Ce addition rates, an alloy with 3 wt% of Ce was found to exhibit the most promising mechanical (e.g., hardness and strengths) properties, while its wear behavior remained unknown. The results of microstructural examinations by optical and electron microscopes show that Ce addition reduces the grain size from 6.1 to 2.0 μm. Besides, in addition to the precipitates already distributed in the base alloy (Mg7Zn3), Ce could promote the formation of a new precipitate (MgZn2Ce), increasing the total fraction of the precipitates. These microstructural evolutions enhance the strengths of the studied ZK60 alloy, as the yield and tensile strengths increase from 212 to 308 MPa and from 297 to 354 MPa, respectively. A pin on disc tribometer was employed to study the wear behavior of the developed alloy under different normal loads (5, 20, 40, and 60 N). The results show that the base and Ce-added alloys exhibit almost a similar frictional behavior, while the wear resistance of the Ce-added alloy is higher within the load ranges applied: (i) in low load conditions (5 and 20 N), where the abrasive wear is the active mechanism, the precipitates in the Ce-added alloy could enhance the wear resistance. (ii) Under the load of 40 N, oxidative wear is also an operative wear mechanism, leading to a sharp increase in the wear rate of the alloys. In this condition, Ce could provide a protective oxide layer, which could improve the wear resistance of the alloy. (iii) At a load of 60 N, both studied alloys exhibit a similar wear rate due to a severe oxidation condition. Therefore, beyond this loading condition, the microstructural evolutions (e.g., change in precipitation behavior) caused by Ce addition can no longer contribute to the enhancement of wear resistance.

Graphic Abstract
Effectiveness of participatory monitoring and evaluation on achievement of community-based water projects in Tanzania
Authors: Mgoba S. A. , Kabote S. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Government of Tanzania is struggling to implement water projects throughout the country to ensure that 90% of the population has access to clean and safe drinking water by 2025. While most of the community-based water projects fail to deliver as expected, participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E), critical for projects’ achievement, is at an infancy stage. This article determines effectiveness of PM&E on achievement of community-based water projects’ objectives. The article adopted sequential exploratory research design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A random sample of 120 water users in the government and NGOs funded projects was involved whereby 53.3% were women. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect qualitative data. SPSS was used to summarize descriptive statistics. Kruskal–Wallis H test was used to compare median differences between the projects, while qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Overall, 51.7% of the respondents reported that community-based water projects’ objectives were achieved except capacity building. The projects funded by NGOs recorded high achievement relative to the government funded projects. In addition, PM&E was effective in achieving water projects’ objectives. There was a statistically significant difference in responses between low, medium and high effectiveness of PM&E (P ≤ 0.05). Majority reported high effectiveness, more so for NGOs-funded water projects. The article concludes that PM&E was effective in achieving projects’ objectives except capacity building. Therefore, it recommends strengthening of capacity building for the local communities to manage community-based water projects effectively. This is a policy issue that needs serious efforts at all levels of the government.
Integrating brain imaging endophenotypes with GWAS for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Knutson Katherine A. , Pan Wei 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundGenome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These susceptibility loci may effect AD indirectly through a combination of physiological brain changes. Many of these neuropathologic features are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsIn this study, we examine the effects of such brain imaging derived phenotypes (IDPs) with genetic etiology on AD, using and comparing the following methods: two‐sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR), generalized summary statistics based Mendelian randomization (GSMR), transcriptome wide association studies (TWAS) and the adaptive sum of powered score (aSPU) test. These methods do not require individual‐level genotypic and phenotypic data but instead can rely only on an external reference panel and GWAS summary statistics.ResultsUsing publicly available GWAS datasets from the International Genomics of Alzheimer’s Project (IGAP) and UK Biobank’s (UKBB) brain imaging initiatives, we identify 35 IDPs possibly associated with AD, many of which have well established or biologically plausible links to the characteristic cognitive impairments of this neurodegenerative disease.ConclusionsOur results highlight the increased power for detecting genetic associations achieved by multiple correlated SNP‐based methods, i.e., aSPU, GSMR and TWAS, over MR methods based on independent SNPs (as instrumental variables).AvailabilityExample code is available at https://github.com/kathalexknuts/ADIDP.
The Impact of Co-occurring Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders on Video Telehealth Utilization Among Rural Veterans
Authors: Ecker Anthony H. , Amspoker Amber B. , Hogan Julianna B. , Lindsay Jan A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCo-occurring anxiety and alcohol use disorders lead to poorer treatment outcomes for both disorders. Compounding risk for poor outcomes related to these disorders, individuals living in rural areas face barriers receiving evidence-based mental health treatment. Video to home telehealth (VTH) has been implemented broadly within the Veterans Health Administration to improve access to care for rural veterans. However, VTH may not be utilized equally across disorders and comorbidities, including co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use disorders, potentially contributing to gaps in care that are not available in person. A cohort of veterans who received at least one VTH mental health visit between fiscal years 2016–2019 was compiled from VA administrative data. Multilevel linear growth curve models were used to examine growth in VTH use over time among veterans with anxiety only, alcohol use disorder only, and co-occurring disorders. Fixed effects were significant for both time and diagnosis group and a significant interaction between time and group. For each subsequent fiscal year, the percentage of total MH visits that were VTH increased for all groups but less so for those with co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use diagnoses. Despite VTH being an important tool to reach underserved rural veterans, rural veterans with AUD and co-occurring anxiety and AUD are at risk for not receiving care using this modality. Findings suggest that veterans with co-occurring anxiety and AUD are especially at risk for being underserved, given that a major goal of VTH is to increase access to mental health services.
Die digitalisierte Demokratie. Ein Überblick
Authors: Borucki Isabelle , Michels Dennis , Marschall Stefan 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung und Demokratie stehen in einem spezifischen Wechselverhältnis zueinander. Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung der theoretischen Perspektiven, die den Zusammenhang von Digitalisierung und Demokratie in der Formationsphase der digitalisierten Demokratie begleiten. Neben einer „netzrealistischen Perspektive“ sticht dabei vor allem die Betrachtung von Digitalisierung und Demokratie als ko-evolutionärer Prozess auf dem Weg zu einer neuen Ordnung hervor. Zudem werden die zwei weiteren im Heft adressierten Bereiche der digitalen Öffentlichkeiten und digitalen Partizipation vorgestellt und ein Überblick über die Beiträge des Heftes gegeben.
Die Rolle der PSMA-PET-CT in der Diagnostik und Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms
Authors: Wetterauer C. , Seifert Helge , Chirindel A. , Nicolas G. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie PSMA-PET-CT (Prostataspezifisches-Membranantigen-Positronenemissionstomographie-Computertomographie) ist eine nuklearmedizinische Hybridbildgebung aus Schnittbilddiagnostik mittels CT (Computertomographie) und radioaktiv markiertem Tracer (68Gallium- oder 18Fluor-markiertem PSMA-Liganden). Die simultane Bildgebung kombiniert die Vorteile der molekularen und morphologischen Bildgebung und ist dadurch die derzeit sensitivste und spezifischste Methode zum Nachweis von Prostatakarzinomrezidiven. Die PSMA-PET-CT zeigt auch in der Primärdiagnostik und beim Staging für Karzinome mit mittlerem und hohem Risikoprofil eine höhere diagnostische Genauigkeit als die bisher verwendete konventionelle Bildgebung (CT und Knochenszintigraphie). Die PSMA-PET-CT ist auch ein obligatorisches bildgebendes Verfahren für die Selektion von Patienten, für welche die PSMA-gerichtete Radionuklidtherapie (mit 177Lutetium-markierten PSMA-Liganden) in Frage kommt. Diese neue zielgerichtete Therapie stellt eine vielversprechende Therapieoption in der Zweit- oder Drittlinientherapie bei Patienten mit metastasiertem und kastrationsrefraktärem Prostatakarzinom dar.
Mapping Ensembles of Trees to Sparse, Interpretable Multilayer Perceptron Networks
Authors: Rodríguez-Salas Dalia , Mürschberger Nina , Ravikumar Nishant , Seuret Mathias , Maier Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTree-based classifiers provide easy-to-understand outputs. Artificial neural networks (ANN) commonly outperform tree-based classifiers; nevertheless, understanding their outputs requires specialized knowledge in most cases. The highly redundant architecture of ANN is typically designed through an expensive trial-and-error scheme. We aim at (1) investigating whether using ensembles of decision trees to design the architecture of low-redundant, sparse ANN provides better-performing networks, and (2) evaluating whether such trees can be used to provide human-understandable explanations for their outputs. Information about the hierarchy of the features, and how good they are at separating subsets of samples among the classes, is gathered from each branch in an ensemble of trees. This information is used to design the architecture of a sparse multilayer perceptron network. Networks built using our method are calledForestNet. Tree branches corresponding to highly activated neurons are used to provide explanations of the networks’ outputs.ForestNetsare able to handle low- and high-dimensional data, as we show on an evaluation using four datasets. Our networks consistently outperformed their respective ensemble of trees and had similar performance to their fully connected counterparts with a significant reduction of connections. Furthermore, our interpretation method seems to provide support for theForestNetoutputs. WhileForestNet’sarchitectures do not allow them yet to capture well the intrinsic variability of visual data, they exhibit very promising results by reducing more than 98% of connections for such visual tasks. Structure similarities between ForestNets and their respective tree ensemble provide means to interpret their outputs.
The heritability of coronal and sagittal phenotype in idiopathic scoliosis: a report of 12 monozygotic twin pairs
Authors: Schlösser Tom P. C. , Simony Ane , Gerdhem Paul , Andersen Mikkel Ø. , Castelein René M. , Kempen Diederik H. R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
One of the pathways through which genetics may act in the causation of idiopathic scoliosis is inheritance of a specific sagittal profile that predisposes for its development. In this study, coronal and sagittal parameters were compared in an international collection of monozygotic twins with idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods
Twelve monozygotic twin pairs who underwent biplanar radiography for idiopathic scoliosis were systematically identified in existing scoliosis databases in The Netherlands, Sweden, and Denmark. On the first available radiographs, the coronal and sagittal curve parameters (Roussouly and Abelin types, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and length of the posteriorly inclined segment) were determined.

Results
In all 12 monozygotic twin pairs, both twins were affected by AIS. Four (33%) twin pairs had similar coronal and sagittal spinal phenotype, whereas two (17%) had different coronal phenotype and similar sagittal profiles, and six (50%) pairs had different coronal as well as sagittal phenotype.

Conclusions
Analysis of biplanar curve characteristics in monozygotic twins showed that all twin pairs were affected by idiopathic scoliosis. However, only 33% of the pairs had similar coronal and sagittal spinal phenotypes. Based on this limited dataset, the hypothesis can be formulated that besides genetic pre-disposition, the individual (inherited) sagittal profile plays a role in the development of different coronal curve type.
Physical Intimacy Is an Important Part of Sexual Activities: Korean Older Adults Study
Authors: Chung Ho Seok , Kim Gyeong Hun , Shin Min-Ho , Park Kwangsung 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual activity can be broadly defined to include not only sexual intercourse but also physical intimacy. However, most studies of sexual activity in older adults have a limited focus on sexual intercourse only.

Aim
The aim was to investigate sexual activities including sexual intercourse and physical intimacy in community-dwelling older Korean adults.

Methods
This study was based on cross-sectional data to measure sexual activities (sexual intercourse and physical intimacy) in 209 participants (100 men and 109 women) aged 65 years or older. Sexual intercourse and physical intimacy were defined as vaginal penetration and as any sexual behavior with sexual arousing (eg, kissing, caressing), respectively. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated by the use of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, and female sexual dysfunction was evaluated by Female Sexual Function Index scores.

Main Outcome Measure
Trained interviewers collected the survey information on sexual activities in the last 6 months at the senior welfare center.

Results
The participants’ mean age was 73.4 ± 4.8 years (men, 74.2 ± 5.0 years; women, 71.6 ± 5.3 years). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was 91.0% (91/100), and the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction was 96.3% (105/109). In the previous 6 months, 122 participants (58.4%) reported sexual activities, and men reported more sexual activities than women (P = .001). A total of 69.6% of men and 41.9% of women engaged in sexual activity with intercourse, whereas 30.4% of men and 58.1% of women engaged in physical intimacy only. The physical intimacy–only group was more likely to have erectile dysfunction or female sexual dysfunction than the sexual intercourse group (P = .035 and P = .012, respectively).

Conclusions
Although sexual intercourse is an important part of sexual activity, our study results suggest that physical intimacy is also a considerable component of sexual activity that should not be neglected in older adults, especially in women. Our findings imply that health-care professionals need to consider physical intimacy as part of sexual activity in the assessment of geriatric patients with sexual dysfunction.
Chung HS, Kim GH, Shin M-H, et al. Physical Intimacy Is an Important Part of Sexual Activities: Korean Older Adults Study. Sex Med 2020;8:643–649.
Intensification of Near‐Surface Currents and Shear in the Eastern Arctic Ocean
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Rippeth Tom P. , Fer Ilker , Baumann Till M. , Carmack Eddy C. , Ivanov Vladimir V. , Janout Markus , Padman Laurie , Pnyushkov Andrey V. , Rember Robert 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 15‐year (2004–2018) record of mooring observations from the upper 50 m of the ocean in the eastern Eurasian Basin reveals increased current speeds and vertical shear, associated with an increasing coupling between wind, ice, and the upper ocean over 2004–2018, particularly in summer. Substantial increases in current speeds and shears in the upper 50 m are dominated by a two times amplification of currents in the semidiurnal band, which includes tides and wind‐forced near‐inertial oscillations. For the first time the strengthened upper ocean currents and shear are observed to coincide with weakening stratification. This coupling links the Atlantic Water heat to the sea ice, a consequence of which would be reducing regional sea ice volume. These results point to a new positive feedback mechanism in which reduced sea ice extent facilitates more energetic inertial oscillations and associated upper‐ocean shear, thus leading to enhanced ventilation of the Atlantic Water.
Scalable neutral H2O2 electrosynthesis by platinum diphosphide nanocrystals by regulating oxygen reduction reaction pathways
Authors: Li Hui , Wen Peng , Itanze Dominique S. , Hood Zachary D. , Adhikari Shiba , Lu Chang , Ma Xiao , Dun Chaochao , Jiang Lin , Carroll David L. , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite progress in small scale electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using a rotating ring-disk electrode, further work is needed to develop a non-toxic, selective, and stable O2-to-H2O2 electrocatalyst for realizing continuous on-site production of neutral hydrogen peroxide. We report ultrasmall and monodisperse colloidal PtP2 nanocrystals that achieve H2O2 production at near zero-overpotential with near unity H2O2 selectivity at 0.27 V vs. RHE. Density functional theory calculations indicate that P promotes hydrogenation of OOH* to H2O2 by weakening the Pt-OOH* bond and suppressing the dissociative OOH* to O* pathway. Atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 prevents NC aggregation and enables application in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with a maximum r(H2O2) of 2.26 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a current efficiency of 78.8% even at a high current density of 150 mA cm−2. Catalyst stability enables an accumulated neutral H2O2 concentration in 600 mL of 3.0 wt% (pH = 6.6).
Morphogenesis and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Zhu Na , Wang Wenling , Liu Zhidong , Liang Chaoyang , Wang Wen , Ye Fei , Huang Baoying , Zhao Li , Wang Huijuan , Zhou Weimin , Deng Yao , Mao Longfei , Su Chongyu , Qiang Guangliang , Jiang Taijiao , Zhao Jincun , Wu Guizhen , Song Jingdong , Tan Wenjie 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSARS-CoV-2, a β-coronavirus, has rapidly spread across the world, highlighting its high transmissibility, but the underlying morphogenesis and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize the replication dynamics, cell tropism and morphogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in organotypic human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures. SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently and infects both ciliated and secretory cells in HAE cultures. In comparison, HCoV-NL63 replicates to lower titers and is only detected in ciliated cells. SARS-CoV-2 shows a similar morphogenetic process as other coronaviruses but causes plaque-like cytopathic effects in HAE cultures. Cell fusion, apoptosis, destruction of epithelium integrity, cilium shrinking and beaded changes are observed in the plaque regions. Taken together, our results provide important insights into SARS-CoV-2 cell tropism, replication and morphogenesis.
Combined subsampling and analytical integration for efficient large-scale GW calculations for 2D systems
Authors: Xia Weiyi , Gao Weiwei , Lopez-Candales Gabriel , Wu Yabei , Ren Wei , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Peihong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAccurate and efficient predictions of the quasiparticle properties of complex materials remain a major challenge due to the convergence issue and the unfavorable scaling of the computational cost with respect to the system size. Quasiparticle GW calculations for two-dimensional (2D) materials are especially difficult. The unusual analytical behaviors of the dielectric screening and the electron self-energy of 2D materials make the conventional Brillouin zone (BZ) integration approach rather inefficient and require an extremely dense k-grid to properly converge the calculated quasiparticle energies. In this work, we present a combined nonuniform subsampling and analytical integration method that can drastically improve the efficiency of the BZ integration in 2D GW calculations. Our work is distinguished from previous work in that, instead of focusing on the intricate dielectric matrix or the screened Coulomb interaction matrix, we exploit the analytical behavior of various terms of the convolved self-energy Σ(q) in the small q limit. This method, when combined with another accelerated GW method that we developed recently, can drastically speed up (by over three orders of magnitude) GW calculations for 2D materials. Our method allows fully converged GW calculations for complex 2D systems at a fraction of computational cost, facilitating future high throughput screening of the quasiparticle properties of 2D semiconductors for various applications. To demonstrate the capability and performance of our new method, we have carried out fully converged GW calculations for monolayer C2N, a recently discovered 2D material with a large unit cell, and investigate its quasiparticle band structure in detail.
Larger surface area can reduce nitinol corrosion resistance
Authors: Sena Grazziela M. , Sivan Shiril , Weaver Jason D. , Di Prima Matthew 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface area has long been thought to influence the corrosion behavior of medical devices although this phenomenon has not been systematically investigated. Because many nitinol implants are offered in a range of sizes, understanding the influence of device surface area on corrosion susceptibility is key to ensuring nitinol devices are safe. This study evaluates the corrosion susceptibility of amber oxide, mechanically polished and chemically etched nitinol wires with surface areas ranging from 0.05 to 10.0 cm2 using a standard test method, ASTM F2129. The corrosion testing shows that as the surface area increased the breakdown potential decreased. Results from the amber oxide and chemically etched samples show a plateauing of breakdown potential at larger surface areas, which suggests that there may be a minimum surface area threshold that could predict the performance of larger devices. Additional testing on electropolished wire and modified laser-cut stents shows a similar decrease in breakdown potential with increased surface area thus corroborating the trend observed with nitinol wires. Overall, surface area was found to affect corrosion susceptibility as measured per ASTM F2129 for a range of nitinol samples.
Scalable quantum computer with superconducting circuits in the ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Stassi Roberto , Cirio Mauro , Nori Franco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSo far, superconducting quantum computers have certain constraints on qubit connectivity, such as nearest-neighbor couplings. To overcome this limitation, we propose a scalable architecture to simultaneously connect several pairs of distant qubits via a dispersively coupled quantum bus. The building block of the bus is composed of orthogonal coplanar waveguide resonators connected through ancillary flux qubits working in the ultrastrong coupling regime. This regime activates virtual processes that boost the effective qubit–qubit interaction, which results in quantum gates on the nanosecond timescale. The interaction is switchable and preserves the coherence of the qubits.