bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐biased ceRNA networks reveal that OSCAR can promote proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma in women
Authors: Wang Dong , Yang Na , Xie Shengzhi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of several malignant tumours with the highest incidence rates. Currently, there is an urgent need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets for LUAD in clinical practice. Numerous studies have shown that there may be differences in the development pattern of LUAD between male and female patients, leading to the need for differential treatment. At the same time, previous studies have shown that competitive endogenous (ce)RNA plays an important role in the development of LUAD, but there is no relevant research on whether there is a gender difference in the ceRNA network of LUAD. In this study, we constructed gender‐independent, male‐specific, and female‐specific ceRNA networks using RNA sequencing results from TCGA database. Subsequently, through analysis of the core genes of the ceRNA network, we determined that the male and female ceRNA networks indeed display different features. In addition, we also found that the osteoclast‐associated receptor (OSCAR) gene was a potential diagnostic target for detecting LUAD in females, and that increased expression of this gene promoted the proliferation and migration of A549 and H1975 LUAD cell lines; more specifically, A549 and H1975 are male and female LUAD cell lines, respectively. This suggests that the OSCAR gene has the potential to serve as target molecule for the diagnosis and treatment of female‐specific LUADs.
Current situation of clinical islet transplantation from allogeneic toward xenogeneic
Authors: Matsumoto Shinichi , Shimoda Masayuki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCurrently, type 1 diabetes requires lifelong insulin injection and careful blood glucose control to prevent secondary complications, but islet transplantation could make a type 1 diabetic patient insulin independent. On the other hand, islet transplantation needs human donors and donor shortage is the most serious issue. To alleviate the donor shortage, non‐heart‐beating and living donors were used; in addition, the efficacy of islet isolation and transplantation has been improved. However, the donor shortage issue will not be solved as long as human donors are the only source.To solve the donor shortage issue, islet xenotransplantation using porcine islets was initiated in 1994. Islet xenotransplantation has a potential to cure many type 1 diabetic patients, although there is the risk of developing serious or novel infection. Therefore, the World Health Organization has been interested in xenotransplantation, and the International Xenotransplantation Association (IXA) has published consensus statements to initiate xenogeneic islet transplantation. Clinical islet xenotransplantation was conducted under the official regulation, and safety and efficacy data have been accumulated. Currently an efficient method to overcome xenorejection is an important research target. In addition to traditional immunosuppressive drugs and immune isolation methods, the gene modification with CRISPR and blastocyst complementation have been investigated with promising outcomes. Once the xenorejection issue is overcome, islet xenotransplantation should become a curative treatment for type 1 diabetic patients.
A Systematic Review of the Effects of Perinatal Alcohol Exposure and Perinatal Marijuana Exposure on Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Reid Hannah M.O. , Lysenko‐Martin Melanie R. , Snowden Taylor M. , Thomas Jennifer D. , Christie Brian R. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundMarijuana and alcohol are both substances that, when used during pregnancy, may have profound effects on the developing fetus. There is evidence to suggest that both drugs have the capacity to affect working memory, one function of the hippocampal formation; however, there is a paucity of data on how perinatal exposure to alcohol or cannabis impacts the process of adult neurogenesis.MethodsThis systematic review examines immunohistochemical data from adult rat and mouse models that assess perinatal alcohol or perinatal marijuana exposure. A comprehensive list of search terms was designed and used to search 3 separate databases. All results were imported to Mendeley and screened by 2 authors. Consensus was reached on a set of final papers that met the inclusion criteria, and their results were summarized.ResultsTwelve papers were identified as relevant, 10 of which pertained to the effects of perinatal alcohol on the adult hippocampus, and 2 pertained to the effects of perinatal marijuana on the adult hippocampus. Cellular proliferation in the dentate gyrus was not affected in adult rats and mice exposed to alcohol perinatally. In general, perinatal alcohol exposure did not have a significant and reliable effect on the maturation and survival of adult born granule neurons in the dentate gyrus. In contrast, interneuron numbers appear to be reduced in the dentate gyrus of adult rats and mice exposed perinatally to alcohol. Perinatal marijuana exposure was also found to reduce inhibitory interneuron numbers in the dentate gyrus.ConclusionsPerinatal alcohol exposure and perinatal marijuana exposure both act on inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampal formation of adult rats. These findings suggest simultaneous perinatal alcohol and marijuana exposure (SAM) may have a dramatic impact on inhibitory processes in the dentate gyrus.
Personal protective equipment during the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic – a narrative review
Authors: Cook T. M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryPersonal protective equipment has become an important and emotive subject during the current coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 is predominantly caused by contact or droplet transmission attributed to relatively large respiratory particles which are subject to gravitational forces and travel only approximately 1 metre from the patient. Airborne transmission may occur if patient respiratory activity or medical procedures generate respiratory aerosols. These aerosols contain particles that may travel much longer distances and remain airborne longer, but their infective potential is uncertain. Contact, droplet and airborne transmission are each relevant during airway manoeuvres in infected patients, particularly during tracheal intubation. Personal protective equipment is an important component, but only one part, of a system protecting staff and other patients from coronavirus disease 2019 cross‐infection. Appropriate use significantly reduces risk of viral transmission. Personal protective equipment should logically be matched to the potential mode of viral transmission occurring during patient care – contact, droplet or airborne. Recommendations from international organisations are broadly consistent, but equipment use is not. Only airborne precautions include a fitted high‐filtration mask, and this should be reserved for aerosol generating procedures. Uncertainty remains around certain details of personal protective equipment including use of hoods, mask type and the potential for re‐use of equipment.
Hospital surge capacity in a tertiary emergency referral centre during the COVID‐19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Carenzo L. , Costantini E. , Greco M. , Barra F. L. , Rendiniello V. , Mainetti M. , Bui R. , Zanella A. , Grasselli G. , Lagioia M. , Protti A. , Cecconi M. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe first person‐to‐person transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID‐19 outbreaks outside Asia. In northern Italy in particular, we rapidly experienced a critical care crisis due to a shortage of intensive care beds, as we expected according to data reported in China. Based on our experience of managing this surge, we produced this review to support other healthcare services in preparedness and training of hospitals during the current coronavirus outbreak. We had a dedicated task force that identified a response plan, which included: (1) establishment of dedicated, cohorted intensive care units for COVID‐19–positive patients; (2) design of appropriate procedures for pre‐triage, diagnosis and isolation of suspected and confirmed cases; and (3) training of all staff to work in the dedicated intensive care unit, in personal protective equipment usage and patient management. Hospital multidisciplinary and departmental collaboration was needed to work on all principles of surge capacity, including: space definition; supplies provision; staff recruitment; and ad hoc training. Dedicated protocols were applied where full isolation of spaces, staff and patients was implemented. Opening the unit and the whole hospital emergency process required the multidisciplinary, multi‐level involvement of healthcare providers and hospital managers all working towards a common goal: patient care and hospital safety. Hospitals should be prepared to face severe disruptions to their routine and it is very likely that protocols and procedures might require re‐discussion and updating on a daily basis.
Split‐week gestational age model provides valuable information on outcomes in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Thomas Sumesh , van Dyk Jessie , Zein Hussein , Nettel Aguirre Alberto , Hendson Leonora , Church Paige , Banihani Rudaina , Asztalos Elizabeth 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo compare composite outcomes of neonatal mortality or morbidity using a split‐week gestational age (GA) model to completed weeks GA maturity at 23‐26 weeks gestation.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of infants born at 23‐26 weeks GA. Outcomes using a split‐week GA model defined as early (X, 0‐3) and late (X, 4‐6) with X being 23‐26 weeks GA were compared to outcomes using completed weeks GA, with a similar comparison between the late split of the preceding week (X, 4‐6) and early split of the subsequent week (X + 1, 0‐3).ResultsA total of 1345 infants were included in the study. Statistically significant differences were noted in outcomes between the early and late split of the gestational week at 24 (early vs late, 85.6% vs 73.0%), 25 (69.6% vs 56.6%) and 26 weeks (55.9% vs 37.4%), but not at 23 weeks GA (95.2% vs 94.5%). No statistically significant differences were noted between the late vs early part of the subsequent week (23, 4‐6) vs (24, 0‐3), and (24, 4‐6) vs (25, 0‐3) GA.ConclusionNeonatal outcome estimates using a split week model differs from that based on the use of completed weeks of gestational maturity.
Between east and west: Glass beads from the eighth to third centuries bce from Poland
Authors: Purowski T. , Syta O. , Wagner B. 
Published: April 2020

The study analyses the chemical composition of 57 glass samples from 40 beads discovered at 20 archaeological sites in Poland. The beads are dated to Hallstatt C–Early La Tène periods (c.800/750–260/250 bce). Analyses were carried out using laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS). Two groups were distinguished among the glasses based on the MgO/K2O ratio: high‐magnesium glass (HMG), five samples; and low‐magnesium glass (LMG), 52 samples. The former were melted with halophyte plant ash, the second with mineral soda. These glasses were produced in the Eastern Mediterranean (more likely in Mesopotamia or Syro‐Palestine than in Egypt) and transported in the form of semi‐products to secondary glass workshops in Europe. Some of the white opaque glass was coloured and opacified in Europe.
Impact on operative outcomes of laparoscopic simultaneous resection of colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases
Authors: Kawakatsu Shoji , Ishizawa Takeaki , Fujimoto Yoshiya , Oba Atsushi , Mise Yoshihiro , Inoue Yousuke , Ito Hiromichi , Takahashi Yu , Ueno Masashi , Saiura Akio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of laparoscopic simultaneous resection of primary colorectal cancer and synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM) remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated data from 258 patients who had undergone simultaneous curative resection of the primary tumor and SCRLM from 2006 to 2017. We compared surgical outcomes between open, hybrid (laparoscopic colorectal resection and open hepatectomy), and pure laparoscopic approaches. Surgical outcomes were also evaluated between the open hepatectomy (OH) group (ie, open/hybrid surgery) and the laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) group (ie, pure laparoscopic surgery) in 141 patients later in the study period (2013‐2017), when the clinical indications for laparoscopic hepatectomy were restricted to simple wedge resection and/or left lateral sectionectomy in our center.ResultsThe pure laparoscopic approach was associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss and a significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay than the open and hybrid approaches. Late in the study period, operative outcomes in the LH group (n = 37) were more favorable than for the OH group (n = 104) in terms of intraoperative blood loss and postoperative hospital stay. In patients with rectal cancer, however, earlier postoperative recovery in the LH group did not differ significantly from the OH group.ConclusionLaparoscopic simultaneous resection of SCRLM with the primary tumor by simple hepatectomy is safe and may enhance patients' postoperative recovery, especially in patients with colon cancer.
TA1 agonists attenuate extended‐access cocaine self‐administration and yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking
Authors: Liu Jianfeng , Johnson Bernard , Wu Ruyan , Seaman Robert , Vu Jimmy , Zhu Qing , Zhang Yanan , Li Jun‐Xu 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeThe trace amine‐associated receptor 1 (TA1) negatively modulates dopamine transmission. Our previous studies demonstrated that TA1 agonists attenuated cue‐ and drug‐induced cocaine‐seeking and increased the elasticity of the cocaine demand curve, in the short‐access cocaine self‐administration model. Compulsive use of cocaine, which is an essential criterion of cocaine use disorder, can be induced by extended access to cocaine self‐administration.Experimental ApproachTo characterize the role of TA1 in compulsive cocaine use, we evaluated the effects of activation of TA1 on cocaine intake, cocaine binge and cue‐induced cocaine‐seeking using the extended‐access cocaine self‐administration model in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. We also investigated the role of TA1 in stress‐triggered cocaine relapse by using the α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking.Key ResultsThe selective TA1 partial agonist RO5263397 attenuated cocaine intake and did not develop tolerance during the 10‐day extended‐access cocaine self‐administration. RO5263397 reduced a 12‐h binge intake of cocaine after forced abstinence. RO5263397 also decreased cue‐induced cocaine‐seeking after prolonged abstinence from extended‐access cocaine self‐administration. Furthermore, RO5263397 and the selective TA1 full agonist RO5166017 reduced yohimbine‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behaviour.Conclusion and ImplicationsActivation of TA1 attenuated extended‐access cocaine self‐administration and stress‐induced cocaine reinstatement. These results suggest that TA1 agonists are promising pharmacological interventions to treat cocaine use disorder and relapse.
Activation of μ‐opioid receptors by MT‐45 (1‐cyclohexyl‐4‐(1,2‐diphenylethyl)piperazine) and its fluorinated derivatives
Authors: Baptista‐Hon Daniel T. , Smith Mark , Singleton Samuel , Antonides Lysbeth H. , Nic Daeid Niamh , McKenzie Craig , Hales Tim G. 
Published: April 2020

Background and PurposeA fluorinated derivative (2F‐MT‐45) of the synthetic μ‐opioid receptor agonist MT‐45 (1‐cyclohexyl‐4‐(1,2‐diphenylethyl)piperazine) was recently identified in a seized illicit tablet. While MT‐45 is a Class A drug, banned in a number of countries, nothing is known about the pharmacology of 2F‐MT‐45. This study compares the pharmacology of MT‐45, its fluorinated derivatives and two of its metabolites.Experimental ApproachWe used a β‐arrestin2 recruitment assay in CHO cells stably expressing μ receptors to quantify the apparent potencies and efficacies of known (MT‐45, morphine, fentanyl and DAMGO) and potential agonists. In addition, the GloSensor protein was transiently expressed to quantify changes in cAMP levels. We measured Ca2+ to investigate whether MT‐45 and its metabolites have effects on GluN1/N2A NMDA receptors stably expressed in Ltk‐ cells.Key ResultsThe fluorinated MT‐45 derivatives have higher apparent potencies (2F‐MT‐45: 42 nM) than MT‐45 (1.3 μM) for inhibition of cAMP accumulation and β‐arrestin2 recruitment (2F‐MT‐45: 196 nM; MT‐45: 23.1 μM). While MT‐45 and 2F‐MT‐45 are poor recruiters of β‐arrestin2, they have similar efficacies for reducing cAMP levels as DAMGO. Two MT‐45 metabolites displayed negligible potencies as μ receptor agonists, but one, 1,2‐diphenylethylpiperazine, inhibited the NMDA receptor with an IC50 of 29 μM.Conclusion and ImplicationsFluorinated derivatives of MT‐45 are potent μ receptor agonists and this may pose a danger to illicit opioid users. Inhibition of NMDA receptors by a metabolite of MT‐45 may contribute to the reported dissociative effects.
Care coordination for children with medical complexity in Japan: Caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Matsuzawa Akemi , Shiroki Yuko , Arai Junichi , Hirasawa Akemi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the provision of care coordination to children with medical complexity (CMC) and their families in Japan. The aim of this study was to describe provision of care coordination and explore the factors associated with quality of care coordination for Japanese CMC and their families.MethodsWe used an exploratory cross‐sectional study design. Participants were recruited at a children's hospital located in one prefecture, Japan. Primary caregivers raising children aged between <1 and 20 years and receiving reimbursements for their home‐based medical care at a children's hospital were eligible to participants in this study. The study examined the relationship between parents' ratings of care coordination as ‘adequate,’ ‘inadequate’ or ‘not received’ and characteristics of children, parents, and families.ResultsNinety‐nine parents caring for CMC were included in the analysis. Of those, 22.2% reported their child had a care coordinator. Caregivers were divided into three groups depending on the quality of care coordination: Group 1 reported adequate care coordination; Group 2 reported inadequate care coordination; and Group 3 had no need for care coordination. We compared the socio‐demographics of children, parents and families, their service use and the health‐related quality of life (HR‐QOL) and caregiver burden scores of parents across the three groups. The parents' free time, access to timely care for children and service satisfaction were positively associated with adequate care coordination for CMC and their families.ConclusionsProviding adequate care coordination for CMC and their families is essential for access to timely services and more positive psychological health of parents. High quality care coordination for CMC and their families is urgently needed in Japan.
Biological tumor markers associated with local control after primary radiotherapy in laryngeal cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Noordhuis Maartje G. , Kop Emiel A. , van der Vegt Bert , Langendijk Johannes A. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Schuuring Ed , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe choice of treatment in laryngeal cancer is mainly based on tumor stage, post‐treatment morbidity and quality of life. Biological tumor markers might also be of potential clinical relevance.Objective of the reviewThe aim was to systematically review the value of published biological tumor markers to predict local control in laryngeal cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy.Type of ReviewSystematic review.Search strategyPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library.Evaluation MethodA literature search was performed using multiple terms for laryngeal cancer, radiotherapy, biological markers, detection methods and local control or survival. Studies regarding the relation between biological tumor markers and local control or survival in laryngeal cancer patients primarily treated with radiotherapy were included. Markers were clustered on biological function. Quality of all studies was assessed. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 52 studies out of 618 manuscripts, concerning 118 markers, were included. EGFR and P53 showed consistent evidence for not being predictive of local control after primary radiotherapy, whereas proliferation markers (ie high Ki‐67 expression) showed some, but no consistent, evidence for being predictive of better local control. Other clusters of markers (markers involved in angiogenesis and hypoxia, apoptosis markers, cell cycle, COX‐2 and DNA characteristics) showed no consistent evidence towards being predictors of local control after primary radiotherapy.ConclusionsCell proliferation could be of potential interest for predicting local control after primary radiotherapy in laryngeal cancer patients, whereas EGFR and p53 are not predictive in contrast to some previous analyses. Large diversity in research methods is found between studies, which results in contradictory outcomes. Future studies need to be more standardised and well described according to the REMARK criteria in order to have better insight into which biomarkers can be used as predictors of local control after primary radiotherapy.
Feasibility of a deep learning algorithm to distinguish large cell neuroendocrine from small cell lung carcinoma in cytology specimens
Authors: Gonzalez Daniel , Dietz Robin L. , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionDistinguishing small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) from large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) in cytology is challenging. Our aim was to design a deep learning algorithm for classifying high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinomas in fine needle aspirations.MethodsArchival cytology cases of high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (17 small cell, 13 large cell, 10 mixed/unclassifiable) were retrieved. Each case included smears (Diff‐Quik® and Papanicolaou stains) and cell block or concomitant core biopsies (haematoxylin and eosin [H&E] stain). All slides (n = 114) were scanned at 40× magnification, randomised and split into training (11 large, nine small) and test (two large, eight small, 10 mixed) groups. Tumour was annotated using QuPath and exported as JPEG image tiles. Three distinct deep learning convolutional neural networks, one for each preparation/stain, were designed to classify each tile and provide an overall diagnosis for each slide.ResultsThe H&E‐trained algorithm correctly classified 7/8 (87.5%) SCLC cases and 2/2 (100%) LCNEC cases. The Papanicolaou stain algorithm correctly classified 6/7 (85.7%) SCLC. and 1/1 (100%) LCNEC cases. The algorithm trained on Diff‐Quik® stained images correctly classified 7/8 (87.5%) SCLC and 1/1 (100%) LCNEC cases.ConclusionUsing open source software, it was feasible to design a deep learning algorithm to distinguish between SCLC and LCNEC. The algorithm showed high precision in distinguishing between these two categories on H&E sectioned material and direct smears. Although the dataset was limited, our deep learning models show promising results in the classification of LCNEC and SCLC. Additional work using a larger dataset is necessary to improve the algorithm's performance.