bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of laser parameters and Ti content on the surface morphology of L-PBF fabricated Titania
Authors: Ullah Abid , Wu HengAn , Ur Rehman Asif , Zhu YinBo , Liu Tingting , Zhang Kai 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to eliminate Part defects and enrich additive manufacturing of ceramics. Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) experiments were carried to investigate the effects of laser parameters and selective oxidation of Titanium (mixed with TiO2) on the microstructure, surface quality and melting state of Titania. The causes of several L-PBF parts defects were thoroughly analyzed.Design/methodology/approachLaser power and scanning speed were varied within a specific range (50–125 W and 170–200 mm/s, respectively). Furthermore, varying loads of Ti (1%, 3%, 5% and 15%) were mixed with TiO2, which was selectively oxidized with laser beam in the presence of oxygen environment.FindingsPart defects such as cracks, pores and uneven grains growth were widely reduced in TiO2L-PBF specimens. Increasing the laser power and decreasing the scanning speed shown significant improvements in the surface morphology of TiO2ceramics. The amount of Ti material was fully melted and simultaneously changed into TiO2by the application of the laser beam. The selective oxidation of Ti material also improved the melting condition, microstructure and surface quality of the specimens.Originality/valueTiO2ceramic specimens were produced through L-PBF process. Increasing the laser power and decreasing the scanning speed is an effective way to sufficiently melt the powders and reduce parts defects. Selective oxidation of Ti by a high power laser beam approach was used to improve the manufacturability of TiO2specimens.
A unifying, eco‐physiological framework for animal dormancy
Authors: Wilsterman Kathryn , Ballinger Mallory A. , Williams Caroline M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVarious animals across the tree of life express some form of programmed dormancy (e.g. hibernation, diapause) to maximize fitness in highly seasonal environments. The integrated phenotype of animals undergoing programmed dormancy is strikingly similar among diverse groups; however, research on programmed dormancy has historically been phylogenetically siloed. A broad comparative approach could clarify new angles for answering fundamental questions about programmed dormancy evolution.To advance this approach, we present a cross‐taxonomic framework describing dimensions that distinguish animal dormancies and provide a set of core traits that animals regulate as they progress through the eco‐physiological phases of deep, programmed dormancy.We use this universal framework to explore the ultimate drivers and evolutionary consequences of dormancy across the tree of life. Deep, programmed dormancy appears to be a predictable and repeated adaptation to highly seasonal environments that draws on a conserved suite of ancestral traits. We highlight evidence for molecular convergence in signalling pathways coordinating environmental sensing and energy metabolism in the insect and mammal lineages, separated by 700 million years of evolution and representing independent colonizations of highly seasonal environments.Lastly, we discuss the utility of this new framework and highlight opportunities and challenges for researchers to continue advancing our understanding of dormancy through a broad, comparative lens.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Tectonic Evolution of Neotethys Ocean: Evidence of Ophiolites and Ocean Plate Stratigraphy from the Northern and Southern belts in the Western Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet
Authors: LIU Fei , YANG Jingsui , LIAN Dongyang , NIU Xiaolu , FENG Guangying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ) separates Indian plate and its northern passive margin units to the south from Eurasian plate and its active continental margin units of Xigaze forearc basin and Gangdese batholith to the north (Xu et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015). The western YZSZ in southern Tibet is divided by the Zhongba terrane into the northern belt (NB) and southern belt (SB). Ophiolites in the NB are dismembered as ophiolitic mélanges. Peridotite, cumulated gabbro, ocean plate stratigraphy (OPS) of seamount remnants and pelagic‐hemipelagic sequence as blocks in serpentinite matrix are mainly observed, from west to east, in Dajiweng, Baer, Kazhan, Cuobuzha, Zhalai, Gongzhu. Ophiolites in the SB are absent ophiolitic units of sheeted dikes and MORB‐like pillow lavas, occur as much larger peridotite massifs (i.e., Dongbo, 400 km2; Purang, 650 km2; Xiugugabu, 700 km2; Dangqiong, 300 km2) which are intruded by mafic dike swarms and overlain by volcanic sedimentary OPS (Liu et al., 2018). We propose that the SB mafic–ultramafic rocks and volcanic sedimentary OPS represent fragments of an early Cretaceous continental margin ophiolite whose magmatic evolution was influenced by 140–137 Ma plume magmatism (Liu et al., 2015; Zheng et al., 2019). Relics of Late Paleocene to very Early Eocene deep‐marine basin were developed in Saga and Gyirong (Ding, 2003; Li et al., 2018). In contract, the NB ophiolitic mélanges report a travel log of an oceanic plate ranging from Middle Triassic to Early Cretaceous.
A New Understanding on the Emplacement of Ophiolitic Mélanges and Its Tectonic Significance: Insights from the Structural Analysis of the Remnant Oceanic Basin‐Type Ophiolitic Mélanges
Authors: WANG Guocan , ZHANG Pan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOphiolites represent on‐land fragments of paleo‐oceanic crust and have been recognized as one of the key markers of suture zones. Here, we provide new insights into the emplacement of ophiolitic mélanges based on detailed geological mapping and structural analysis in the West Junggar and Songpan‐Ganzi‐Bayan Har orogens (Fig.1 and Fig.2). The results show that some ophiolitic mélange belts cannot be regarded as suture zones. The distribution of these ophiolitic mélange belts are usually associated with the structural processes during the closure of remnant oceanic basins. After the remnant‐oceanic basin is filled with thick clastic deposit, the oceanic lithosphere material as the base of the remnant basin can be injected into the overlying sedimentary strata through various faultings under the regional compressive stress, forming the remnant oceanic basin‐type ophiolitic mélange system with dispersive distribution characteristics. Combining with previous researches, the emplacement mechanism of ophiolitic mélanges can be divided into four categories: subduction type which oceanic lithosphere subducted beneath active continental margin, obduction type which oceanic lithosphere obducted over passive continental margin, collision type between two continental lithospheres, and closure type of remnant‐oceanic basin (Fig.3). These different types of ophiolitic mélange belts will be superimposed and even re‐emplacement by the tectonic processes of post‐plate convergence, complicating their distribution. Therefore, identifying the emplacement mechanism type of ophiolitic mélange belts formed in different tectonic processes and backgrounds is of importance for understanding the process of ocean‐continental transition and the evolution of orogenic belts.
Multiple Deformation in the Northeastern Alxa Block: Implications for the Southern Central Asian Orogeny and Its Subsequent Intraplate Evolution
Authors: ZHANG Jin , QU Junfeng , ZHANG Beihang , ZHAO Heng , ZHENG Rongguo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs an important tectonic unit in the middle part of the southern Central Asian Orogeny, the Alxa Block was affected by multiple deformational events occurring in the Central Asian tectonic regime during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The record of deformation in the Alxa Block represents the entire evolutionary process from a continental margin to an intraplate setting. In the Langshan region of the northeastern Alxa Block, four important Paleozoic‐early Mesozoic deformation events have been distinguished: (1) nearly north‐south‐striking ductile thrusting along the eastern Alxa Block in the Late Devonian; (2) nearly east‐west‐trending brittle top‐to‐the‐south thrusting in the Mid‐Late Permian; (3) nearly east‐west‐trending initially ductile then brittle dextral transtension with 30–40 km of displacement in the Late Permian; and (4) northeast‐trending ductile sinistral shearing with 120–125 km of displacement in the Mid‐Late Triassic. The ductile thrusting in the Late Devonian may have resulted from the interaction between the North China Craton and the Alxa Black, which was a peri‐eastern Gondwana block. Parallel east‐west‐trending thrusts and related folds formed in the Neoproterozoic Langshan Group due to the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the Mid‐Late Permian. The Late Permian east‐west‐trending and dextrally ductile transtension may have resulted from intraplate adjustment after the Central Asian Orogeny and the formation of the Ural Orogenic Belt to the west; this shear zone may have been part of a huge ductile tectonic belt developed along the whole southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). During the Early Triassic, the subduction of oceanic crust along the southern central CAOB terminated then the eastern Alxa Block was affected by the collision between the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton to the south. Since the late Mesozoic, the Langshan region has experienced another five important deformation events, which were all far‐field tectonic effects related to plate margin tectonic activities (e.g., the closure of the Mongolian‐Okhotsk Ocean, the collision between the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks and the India‐Eurasia collision). The large‐scale brittle and ductile strike‐slip faults in the northeastern Alxa Block all formed in intraplate settings since the late Paleozoic in response to the collisional orogenies occurring along the plate margins or the intraplate adjustment following the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean.
Comparative evaluation of pulpal repair after direct pulp capping using stem cell therapy and biodentine: An animal study
Authors: Amin Laila E. , Montaser Marmar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe response of the dentin–pulp complex in rat teeth was investigated after direct capping with biodentine with or without bone marrow‐derived stem cells (BMDSCs). Following mechanical exposure, pulps were randomly capped with one of the followings materials: calcium hydroxide, biodentine or 1 × 105 BMDSCs mL−1 + biodentine. Histological examination was performed by light microscopy after 1, 3 and 5 weeks. Inflammatory reaction, necrotic tissue formation and calcific bridge formation were scored. Analysis showed that compared with the effects of calcium hydroxide or biodentine, BMDSCs + biodentine substantially reduced inflammatory reaction and necrotic tissue while promoting calcified tissue formation. Therefore, the combination of biodentine and BMDSCs could potentially stimulate pulp tissue regeneration after direct pulp capping.
Pseudogene KRT17P3 drives cisplatin resistance of human NSCLC cells by modulating miR‐497‐5p/mTOR
Authors: Hou Zhibo , Wang Yi , Xia Ning , Lv Tangfeng , Yuan Xiaoqin , Song Yong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChemoresistance is a major obstacle in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. The pseudogene keratin 17 pseudogene 3 (KRT17P3) has been previously shown to be upregulated in lung cancer tissues of patients with cisplatin resistance. In the present study, RT‐qPCR was performed to evaluate KRT17P3 levels in plasma samples collected from 30 cisplatin‐resistant and 32 cisplatin‐sensitive patients. We found that the plasma level of KRT17P3 is upregulated in cisplatin‐resistant patients, and the increased expression of plasma KRT17P3 is associated with poor chemotherapy response. Functional studies demonstrated that KRT17P3 overexpression in cultured NSCLC cells increases cell viability and decreases apoptosis upon cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo, while KRT17P3 knockdown has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that KRT17P3 acts as a molecular sponge for miR‐497‐5p and relieves the binding of miR‐497‐5p to its target gene mTOR. Rescue experiments validated the functional interaction between KRT17P3, miR‐497‐5p, and mTOR. Taken together, our findings indicate that KRT17P3/miR‐497‐5p/mTOR regulates the chemosensitivity of NSCLC, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin‐resistant NSCLC patients. KRT17P3 may be a potential peripheral blood marker of NSCLC patients resistant to cisplatin.
Survival analysis of adhesive reattachments in permanent teeth with crown fractures after dental trauma
Authors: Bissinger Ricarda , Müller Daniel David , Hickel Reinhard , Kühnisch Jan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimWhen patients have saved tooth fragments in case of crown fractures, reattachment is considered as the treatment of choice. With respect to the need to provide clinical outcome data regarding adhesively reattached fragments, the aim of this practice‐based clinical study was to evaluate the survival of reattached fragments after crown fractures in permanent teeth.Materials and MethodsRecords from patients treated at Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University between 2004 and 2017 were analyzed to collect clinical and radiographic data regarding the management of fractured teeth that were treated with an adhesive reattachment. The study population consisted of 109 patients comprising 135 reattached fragments divided into uncomplicated (N = 84/135) and complicated (N = 51/135) crown fractures. The Kaplan‐Meier Survival estimator was used to estimate the survival probability of primary reattachments after uncomplicated and complicated crown fractures.ResultsOverall, 77.4% (N = 65/84) and 66.6% (N = 34/51) of the primarily applied reattachments in uncomplicated fractured teeth and complicated fractured teeth, respectively, survived over the period of observation. The survival rate for adhesive reattachment in all teeth was 84.4% (N = 114/135) after 608.2 days (±983.1 days). The data further suggest that in the case of a detachment, repeated reattachment might be a valuable restoration strategy.ConclusionsAdhesive reattachment is a good first‐choice treatment option in cases of crown fractures when the fractured fragment has been saved.
Evaluating the knowledge level, attitudes, and therapeutic approaches of Greek dentists for traumatic dental injuries
Authors: Tzanetakis Giorgos N. , Tzimpoulas Nestor , Markou Maria , Papanakou Styliani I. , Gizani Sotiria , Georgopoulou Maria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground/AimGreek dentists are facing a new era of a globally continuous effort to improve the first‐aid management and long‐term treatment outcome of traumatic dental injuries (TDI). In Greece, where the basic and clinical research in the field of dental trauma has been limited until recently, assessing the attitudes and therapeutic strategies of Greek dentists for dental trauma is of great importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge attitudes and therapeutic approaches of Greek dentists in different clinical scenarios of TDI.Materials and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 448 dentists. A questionnaire‐based survey of demographic characteristics, attitudes, and a scenario‐based knowledge test, of TDI, which was used to formulate a “Dental Trauma Knowledge Score” with a 0‐8 score range, was administered. Mann‐Whitney U tests (for two categories variables) and Kruskal‐Wallis tests (for more than two categories variables) were performed.ResultsThe median knowledge score was 5.0 (IQR: 4‐7), a level considered as “Acceptable.” Knowledge scores were found to significantly differ by age group, with the younger dentists presenting the highest scores. Dentists with a self‐evaluation as “Acceptable” had significantly higher scores. Most of the dentists would refer for CBCT in severe trauma cases. A significant association was found between younger ages and on awareness of the mobile application ToothSOS. Female dentists had significantly higher scores compared to males when asked about avulsion management.ConclusionAn acceptable level of knowledge on TDI management was revealed among dentists in Greece. Higher knowledge scores were observed among younger dentists.
Nesting microhabitat use and hybridisation of endemic Bartram's Bass in Savannah River tributaries
Authors: Judson Emily , Darden Tanya L. , Farrae Daniel , Leitner Jean , Peoples Brandon K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBartram's Bass Micropterus sp. cf. cataractae is a rare black bass endemic to the Savannah River of the south‐eastern United States and is threatened by habitat degradation and hybridisation with nonnative Alabama Bass Micropterus henshalli. While Bartram's Bass has been functionally extirpated from reservoirs, some populations persist in tributaries. Understanding the mechanisms affecting hybridisation in streams will help to inform conservation. Our objectives were to (a) compare spawning microhabitat use of Bartram's Bass between pure and hybridised individuals, (b) infer pure and hybridised spawning based on assessment of young‐of‐year (YOY) individuals, and (c) compare abiotic variables between sites where pure YOY Bartram's Bass were collected and where they were not collected. We snorkelled 27 sites in 2017 and 2018, recording microhabitat variables at each nest and at randomly selected paired locations. We then electrofished for YOY bass later in the summer. We found that Bartram's Bass selected for slower current velocities but not depths when spawning. Bartram's Bass nested on a variety of substrates associated with slow current velocity. Microhabitat variables did not differ between nests with pure individuals and those with hybrids; differences in tributary spawning habitat use are not likely to prevent hybridisation. We found widespread hybridisation in tributaries across the basin. Compared with sites where hybrid YOY were detected, sites with pure Bartram's Bass were in watersheds and local catchments that were more forested and less developed, and were higher in elevation with steeper gradients. Maintaining habitat integrity in locations where pure populations remain may help protect this rare species.
Effect of direct metal laser sintering build parameters on defects and ultrasonic fatigue performance of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg
Authors: Rhein Robert K. , Shi Qianying , Arjun Tekalur Srinivasan , Wayne Jones J. , Carroll Jason W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe high cycle fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg is evaluated using ultrasonic fatigue as a means to accelerate fatigue testing. Build parameters during the additive manufacturing process are varied, and their effect on defect type, size, and distribution is determined. These defects are further found to influence fatigue behaviour, which is analysed using a Murakami
model. Finally, the ultrasonic fatigue test results are interpreted in the context of applied stress intensity factor and an optimized fatigue limit fit. Two different kinds of physical behaviour, representing Murakami dependence and a long crack regime, are found to better correlate the fatigue life behaviour than the Murakami model alone. With this information, we can tailor defect size, type and distribution, within the context of an optimized processing route, to obtain necessary high cycle fatigue properties.
Biomass production and nutritional characteristics of quinoa subjected to cutting and sowing date in the midwestern China
Authors: Liu Minguo , Yang Mei , Yang Huimin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for forage supply to feed domestic animals with the rapid development of livestock husbandry. In adverse environments where plant growth is largely restricted, new forage crops are urgently needed to provide other forage source. Quinoa has a strong potential to be a forage crop in the midwestern China. We explored the responses of quinoa to sowing and cutting date to assess its potential as a forage crop. Cutting treatments with four cutting dates were designed as cutting at bud formation, 15 days after bud formation, flowering and grain filling stages at Zhangye and Qingyang sites. For sowing date test, sowing of quinoa was performed on April 11 (Sap), June 10 (Sju) and August 11 (Sau) at Qingyang site. Dry matter yield, plant height and nutrient status under different treatments were measured. Total dry matter yield was about 7.0 t/ha at flowering stage, which was greater than those cutting at other stages and crude protein content was 16.0%. After cutting, nutrition status of quinoa tended to be improved, but the total biomass decreased significantly except that there was equaling biomass yield at Zhangye site when cutting was performed at 15 days after bud formation. Early sowing increased plant height (for Sap: 138 and 145 cm at flowering and maturity; for Sju: 119 and 113 cm) and biomass yield (7,402 kg/ha for Sap and 4,360 kg/ha for Sju at maturity), with little influence on the nutritional status of quinoa. It is suggested that quinoa has a great potential to be used as a forage crop in the midwestern China. In the practice, early sowing and cutting in late June are recommended to produce forage quinoa in these areas.
Risk and Fear: Restricting Science under Uncertainty
Authors: Pamuk Zeynep 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe catastrophic risks posed by new technologies such as killer robots and geoengineering have triggered calls for halting new research. Arguments for restricting research typically have a slippery‐slope structure: Researching A will lead to deployment; we have decisive moral reasons against deployment; therefore, we should not research A. However, scientific uncertainty makes it difficult to prove or disprove the conclusion of slippery‐slope arguments. This article accepts this indeterminacy and asks whether and when it would be permissible to restrict research under empirical and normative uncertainty. The argument starts from the ethical framework for the regulation of scientific research with human subjects and offers modifications to adapt it to the purpose of restricting new technologies. Two main questions arise in the process: whether it is permissible to impose restrictions at the research stage to prevent harms that will arise from the use of a technology and whether it is permissible to restrict research preemptively on the grounds of public fear and anxiety, before there is sufficient evidence establishing the risk of harm. I answer both questions in the affirmative and defend this position against objections.