bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
СТАН ПРООКСИДАНТНО-АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЇ СИСТЕМИ НИРОК ПРИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМУ АНТИФОСФОЛІПІДНОМУ СИНДРОМІ ТА ДІЇ МОДУЛЯТОРІВ СИНТЕЗУ ОКСИДУ АЗОТУ
Authors: Yaremchuk O. Z. 
Published: November 2019

Вступ. Антифосфоліпідний синдром (АФС) належить до найактуальніших мультидисциплінарних проблем сучасної медицини. Частота ураження нирок при АФС становить 25–78 %. Мета дослідження – вивчити вплив комбінованої дії L-аргініну й аміногуанідину на стан показників вільнорадикального окиснення та тканинного дихання в нирках при експериментальному АФС і на тлі вагітності у тварин із цією патологією. Методи дослідження. Дослідження виконано на мишах-самках лінії BALB/с, в яких моделювали АФС. Для корекції використовували L-аргінін (25 мг/кг) та аміногуанідин (10 мг/кг). Досліджували в нирках тварин з АФС до вагітності й на 18-й день вагітності активність та вміст компонентів антиоксидантної системи (супероксиддисмутази, каталази, відновленого глутатіону), вміст гідропероксидів ліпідів і ТБК-активних продуктів, активність сукцинатдегідрогенази та цитохромоксидази. Результати й обговорення. У нирках мишей лінії BALB/с з АФС активувалися процеси пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, порушувалася рівновага в системі прооксиданти – антиоксиданти. При проведенні досліджень на 18-й день вагітності в нирках тварин з АФС спостерігали достовірне збільшення вільнорадикального окиснення, зменшення активності ензимів антиоксидантного захисту та дихального ланцюга мітохондрій порівняно з показниками контрольної групи вагітних мишей. При комбінованому введенні L-аргініну та аміногуанідину тваринам з АФС у нирках знижувалися вміст ТБК-активних продуктів (на 33 %) та активність супероксиддисмутази (на 15 %), зростали активність каталази (на 12 %), сукцинатдегідрогенази (на 16 %), цитохромоксидази (на 13 %) і вміст відновленого глутатіону (на 23 %) порівняно з показниками мишей з АФС. На фоні комбінованого застосування L-аргініну та аміногуанідину реєстрували послаблення активності процесів вільнорадикального окиснення та активацію системи антиоксидантного захисту в тканині нирок вагітних тварин з АФС. Встановлено достовірне підвищення активності сукцинатдегідрогенази на (18 %) та цитохромоксидази (на 75 %) порівняно з показниками вагітних самок з АФС. Висновки. При експериментальному АФС у тканині нирок невагітних та вагітних мишей лінії BALB/c відбуваються активація вільнорадикального окиснення, порушення рівноваги в системі прооксиданти – антиоксиданти. На фоні комбінованого введення L-аргініну та аміногуанідину в тканині нирок тварин з АФС (вагітних і невагітних) зменшуються прояви оксидативного стресу.
Novel Irrigated Temperature-Controlled Lattice Ablation Catheter for Ventricular Ablation
Authors: Shapira-Daniels Ayelet , Barkagan Michael , Yavin Hagai , Sroubek Jakub , Reddy Vivek Y. , Neuzil Petr , Anter Elad 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Ventricular tachycardia ablation is often limited by insufficient lesion creation. A novel radiofrequency catheter with an expandable lattice electrode has a larger surface area capable of delivering higher currents at a lower density to potentially increase lesion dimensions without overheating.

Methods:
This 8F bidirectional irrigated catheter (Sphere-9, Affera Inc) has a 9 mm spherical lattice tip (“lattice”) with an effective surface area 10-fold larger than standard linear catheters. Nine surface thermocouples provide temperature feedback to a proprietary high-current generator operating in a temperature-controlled mode. Ex vivo phase: in 11 bovine hearts, unipolar ablation at 30, 60, and 120 seconds was compared between the lattice (Tmax60°C) and a standard linear irrigated-tip catheter (40 W) at contact force of 10 g. In 5 porcine hearts, bipolar ablation was compared between the catheters (Tmax60°C versus 40 W; 60 seconds). In vivo phase: in 9 swine, ventricular ablation at Tmax60°C versus 40 W was performed for 60 seconds. In addition, direct tissue temperature at 3- and 7-mm tissue depth was measured in a thigh muscle preparation.

Results:

Ex vivo: lattice produced deeper lesions at 30, 60, and 120 seconds application duration (6.7±1.3 versus 4.8±1.2 mm; 8.3±1.4 versus 5.4±0.8 mm; 10.0±1.6 versus 6.1±1.6 mm, respectively,
P
≤0.001 for all). Bipolar lesions were deeper (15.8±4.1 versus 10.5±1.4 mm,
P
<0.001) and more likely to be transmural (80% versus 0%,
P
=0.002). In vivo: lattice produced deeper lesions (10.5±1.4 versus 6.5±0.8 mm,
P
≤0.001). Tissue temperature at 7 mm was higher with the lattice (+15.1±2.4°C;
P
<0.001). The steam-pop occurrence was lower with the lattice (total: 4% versus 18%,
P
=0.02; in vivo 0% versus 14.2%,
P
=0.13).

Conclusions:
This novel radiofrequency system produces larger ventricular lesions compared with standard irrigated catheters and at a lower risk of tissue overheating. This may improve the efficacy of ventricular tachycardia ablation procedures while reducing the number of applications and procedural duration.
Novel Oral Anticoagulant Based Versus Vitamin K Antagonist Based Double Therapy Among Stented Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kerneis Mathieu , Yee Megan K. , Mehran Roxana , Nafee Tarek , Bode Christoph , Halperin Jonathan L. , Peterson Eric D. , Verheugt Freek W.A. , Wildgoose Peter , van Eickels Martin , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Cohen Marc , Fox Keith A.A. , Gibson C. Michael 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Among stented patients with atrial fibrillation, double therapy with a novel oral anticoagulant plus single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) reduces bleeding or cardiovascular rehospitalizations compared with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA) based triple therapy regimen. A recent study demonstrated that apixaban based double therapy reduced bleeding compared with VKA based double therapy. However, it remains unknown whether rivaroxaban based double therapy is superior to a VKA based double therapy.

Methods:

Patient with stented atrial fibrillation (n=2124) were randomized to 3 groups: rivaroxaban 15 mg od plus a P2Y
12
inhibitor (Group 1, n=709); rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid plus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT; Group 2, n=709); and warfarin plus DAPT (Group 3, n=706). Before randomization, subjects were stratified according to a prespecified duration of DAPT (1, 6, or 12 months). After the prespecified DAPT duration, subjects in Group 2 were switched to rivaroxaban 15 mg plus low dose aspirin, and those in Group 3 were switched to VKA plus low dose aspirin. The Wei, Lin, and Weissfeld time to multiple events method was used to compare the occurrence of all bleeding and cardiovascular rehospitalizations among subjects on a novel oral anticoagulant versus VKA based double therapy.

Results:

A total of 906 subjects were prespecified to a 1 or 6 months DAPT duration and received at least one dose of study drug. Twenty subjects (3.3%) assigned to novel oral anticoagulant+SAPT, and 15 (5.1%) subjects assigned to VKA+SAPT experienced multiple rehospitalizations. In total, 124 (20.3%) events occurred among subjects on novel oral anticoagulant+SAPT compared with 87 (29.6%) among subjects on VKA+SAPT (hazard ratio=0.65 [95% CI, 0.45–0.93],
P
=0.008).

Conclusions:
Among stented patients with atrial fibrillation, rivaroxaban plus SAPT was superior to warfarin plus SAPT in lowering total bleeding and cardiovascular rehospitalization.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01830543.
Application of the Academic Research Consortium High Bleeding Risk Criteria in an All-Comers Registry of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Natsuaki Masahiro , Morimoto Takeshi , Shiomi Hiroki , Yamaji Kyohei , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Shizuta Satoshi , Kato Takao , Ando Kenji , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Furukawa Yutaka , Tada Tomohisa , Nagao Kazuya , Kadota Kazushige , Toyofuku Mamoru , Kimura Takeshi ,   on behalf of the CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG Registry Cohort-2 Investigators
Published: November 2019

Background:
Recently, the Academic Research Consortium for High Bleeding Risk (ARC-HBR) has been proposed to standardize the definition of HBR, which was arbitrarily defined as a Bleeding Academic Research Consortium 3 or 5 bleeding ≥4% at 1-year. However, the prevalence and the expected bleeding event rate of HBR patients defined by ARC-HBR criteria are currently unknown in the real-world percutaneous coronary intervention practice.

Methods:
We applied the ARC-HBR criteria in the CREDO-Kyoto (Coronary Revascularization Demonstrating Outcome Study in Kyoto) registry cohort-2, a multicenter registry that enrolled 13 058 consecutive patients who underwent their first percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary bleeding end point was defined as the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue plasminogen activator for Occluded coronary arteries moderate/severe bleeding. There were 5570 patients (43%) in the HBR group and 7488 patients in the no-HBR group.

Results:

Cumulative incidence of the primary bleeding end point was much higher in the HBR group than in the no-HBR group (10.4% versus 3.4% at 1-year, and 18.9% versus 6.6% at 5-year,
P
<0.0001). Presence of each ARC-HBR major or even minor criterion, in isolation, with the exception of liver cirrhosis and prior ischemic stroke, was also associated with major bleeding risk higher than 4% at 1-year. Cumulative 5-year incidence of the primary bleeding end point got incrementally higher as the number of the ARC-HBR major criteria increased (≥3 majors: 49.9%, 2 majors: 30.6%, 1 major: 18.5%, ≥2 minors: 14.7%, and no-HBR: 6.6%,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
ARC-HBR criteria successfully identified those patients with very HBR after percutaneous coronary intervention, who represented 43% of patients in this all-comers registry.
Net Clinical Benefit of Oral Anticoagulation Among Older Adults With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shah Sachin J. , Singer Daniel E. , Fang Margaret C. , Reynolds Kristi , Go Alan S. , Eckman Mark H. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
While guidelines recommend anticoagulation for all atrial fibrillation (AF) patients ≥75 years, evidence for the net clinical benefit (NCB) of anticoagulant in older adults is sparse. We sought to determine the association between age and NCB of anticoagulation in older adults with AF.

Methods and Results:

We examined adults ≥75 years with incident AF in the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation—Cardiovascular Research Network cohort. Using a Markov state transition model, we estimated the lifetime NCB of warfarin and apixaban relative to no treatment in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). In the decision model, each month patients face a chance of stroke, hemorrhage, or death from a competing cause; the likelihood of each is a function of individual patients’ stroke risk, hemorrhage risk, and life expectancy. We defined minimal clinically relevant lifetime benefit as 0.10 QALYs. In a sensitivity analysis, we examined the effect of competing risks of death on NCB using 2 models, one including competing risks and the second without competing risks. We included 14 946 patients, with a median age of 81 years and median CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score of 4. In the main analysis, after age 87, NCB associated with warfarin decreased below 0.10 lifetime QALYs while NCB associated with apixaban did not decrease below 0.10 lifetime QALYs until after age 92. In sensitivity analyses, over a 3-year horizon, removing competing risks of death resulted in higher NCB (at 90 years, median difference using warfarin 0.010 QALYs [95% CI, 0.009–0.013], median difference using apixaban 0.025 QALYs [95% CI, 0.024–0.026]).

Conclusions:
The NCB of anticoagulation decreases with advancing age. The competing risk of death diminishes the NCB of anticoagulation for older patients with AF. Physicians should consider competing mortality risks when recommending anticoagulants to older adults with AF.
Metabolic Remodeling Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy by Directing Glucose to Aspartate Biosynthesis
Authors: Ritterhoff Julia , Young Sara , Villet Outi , Shao Dan , Neto F. Carnevale , Bettcher Lisa F. , Hsu Yun-Wei A. , Kolwicz Stephen C. , Raftery Daniel , Tian Rong 
Published: November 2019

Rationale:
Hypertrophied hearts switch from mainly using fatty acids (FAs) to an increased reliance on glucose for energy production. It has been shown that preserving FA oxidation (FAO) prevents the pathological shift of substrate preference, preserves cardiac function and energetics, and reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during cardiac stresses. However, it remains elusive whether substrate metabolism regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy directly or via a secondary effect of improving cardiac energetics.

Objective:
The goal of this study was to determine the mechanisms of how preservation of FAO prevents the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes.

Methods and Results:
We cultured adult rat cardiomyocytes in a medium containing glucose and mixed-chain FAs and induced pathological hypertrophy by phenylephrine. Phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy was associated with increased glucose consumption and higher intracellular aspartate levels, resulting in increased synthesis of nucleotides, RNA, and proteins. These changes could be prevented by increasing FAO via deletion of ACC2 (acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 2) in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocytes and in pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Furthermore, aspartate supplementation was sufficient to reverse the antihypertrophic effect of ACC2 deletion demonstrating a causal role of elevated aspartate level in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. 15N and 13C stable isotope tracing revealed that glucose but not glutamine contributed to increased biosynthesis of aspartate, which supplied nitrogen for nucleotide synthesis during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Conclusions:
Our data show that increased glucose consumption is required to support aspartate synthesis that drives the increase of biomass during cardiac hypertrophy. Preservation of FAO prevents the shift of metabolic flux into the anabolic pathway and maintains catabolic metabolism for energy production, thus preventing cardiac hypertrophy and improving myocardial energetics.
Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists on Atrial Fibrillation Occurrence: A Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis, and Meta‐Regression to Identify Modifying Factors
Authors: Alexandre Joachim , Dolladille Charles , Douesnel Laurent , Font Jonaz , Dabrowski Rafal , Shavit Linda , Legallois Damien , Funck‐Brentano Christian , Champ‐Rigot Laure , Ollitrault Pierre , Beygui Farzin , Bejan‐Angoulvant Theodora , Parienti Jean‐Jacques , Milliez Paul 
Published: November 2019

Background

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (
MRA
s) have emerged as potential atrial fibrillation (
AF
) preventive therapy, but inconsistent results have been reported. We aimed to examine the effects of
MRA
s on
AF
occurrence and explore factors that could influence the magnitude of the effect size.

Methods and Results

PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central databases were used to search for randomized clinical trials and observational studies addressing the effect of
MRA
s on
AF
occurrence from database inception through April 03, 2018. We performed a systematic review and random effects meta‐analyses to compute odds ratios with 95%
CI
s. Meta‐regression was then applied to explore the sources of between‐study heterogeneity. We included 24 studies, 11 randomized clinical trials and 13 observational cohorts, representing a total number of 7914 patients (median age: 64.2 years; median left ventricular ejection fraction: 49.7%; median follow‐up: 12.0 months), 2843 (35.9%) of whom received
MRA
therapy. Meta‐analyses showed a significant overall reduction in
AF
occurrence in the
MRA
‐treated patients versus the control groups (15.0% versus 32.2%; odds ratio, 0.55; 95%
CI
, 0.44–0.70 [
P
<0.00001]), with the greatest benefit regarding recurrent
AF
episodes (
odds ratio
, 0.42; 95%
CI
, 0.31–0.59 [
P
<0.00001]) and with significant heterogeneity among the included studies (
I
2
=54%;
P
=0.0008). Meta‐regression analyses showed that effect size was significantly associated with older studies and higher
AF
occurrence rate in the control groups.

Conclusions

MRA
s seem to be effective in
AF
prevention, especially regarding recurrent
AF
episodes.
The Countryside in Indonesian Contemporary Art and Media
Authors: Jurriëns Edwin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article analyses explorations of social and environmental problems and solutions in artistic representations of the Indonesian countryside and rural society, culture, and wisdom. It focuses on urban–rural creative collaborations that combine traditional culture and knowledge with modern technology and media, such as drones and the Internet, to empower local communities, promote artistic innovation, and enhance environmental sustainability. It seeks to demonstrate that contemporary art and media strengthen the urban–rural network and the accessibility and exchange of creative ideas and information. At the same time, the author argues that some of the causes of cultural conflict and anthropogenic disaster are embedded in forms of audio-visual representation itself. The display of urban–rural encounters in art festivals and social media can even instigate new forms of surveillance, and power and knowledge hierarchies, or reinforce regimes of consumer culture, partially responsible for the very problems the audio-visual representations and collaborations seek to address.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Nervous system of the dwarf ectoparasitic male of <em>Scolelepis laonicola </em>(Polychaeta, Spionidae)</strong></p>
Authors: VORTSEPNEVA ELENA , TZETLIN ALEXANDER , TSITRIN EUGENI 
Published: November 2019

The nervous system of the ectoparasitic male of Scolelepis laonicola (Tzetlin, 1985), which attaches to the dorsal side of the female, was investigated by immunohistochemical methods in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The male’s nervous system is reduced; no ganglia are found in the central nervous system. The circumesophageal connective is split into dorsal and ventral roots. Two median and one paramedial nerve run along the midventral axis of the male. The peripheral nervous system is well developed. Five commissures arise from each main cord per segment. There are two dorsolateral and two ventrolateral longitudinal nerves. The biggest segmental transverse nerve runs to the parapodia and diverges into a few fine nerves at the top of the parapodia. The nerve cord turns 90° in the male-female contact zone. Well-developed peripheral nerves, the presence of lateral nerves, and the absence of differentiated ganglia indicate the progenetic origin of the S. laonicola male. Well-developed parapodial nerves in immobilized mature males suggest an important role of the parapodia prior to settlement and possible presence of chaetae in the larva.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Observations on the caddisfly fauna (Insecta, Trichoptera) of the lower Orange and Fish Rivers in southern Africa with the description of a new species</strong></p>
Authors: MEY WOLFRAM 
Published: November 2019

The Trichoptera of the lower Orange River were collected at irregular intervals from 1993 to 2008. A total of 15 species are listed, including a new species which is described as Catoxyethira gariepensis n. sp. (Hydroptilidae). The composition of the taxocenosis and the dominant species at different sample sites are briefly documented. The survey has revealed the occurrence of a poor fauna, which consists mainly of widespread species. Records from the literature and the present data are summarised. Twenty-six species are now known to occur in the Orange River. Droughts and flash-floods are major events in this watershed. These are unpredictable and contribute to the unstable conditions of the river ecosystem and do not allow the development of a more diverse fauna.
PHQ‐9 and SNOT‐22: Elucidating the Prevalence of Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Vandelaar Laura J. , Jiang Zi Yang , Saini Alok , Yao William C. , Luong Amber U. , Citardi Martin J. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with comorbid depression, yet the prevalence of depression among all patients with CRS is not well described. The Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ‐9), a validated instrument for diagnosing depression, has been used to assess depression in a variety of clinical settings. PHQ‐9 scores ≥10 are the threshold for a depression diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression in a rhinology practice and compare the PHQ‐9 with the 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary rhinology practice.Subjects and MethodsDuring the 2‐month period ending April 30, 2018, all rhinology patients were asked to complete the PHQ‐9 and SNOT‐22.ResultsAmong 216 patients, 46 (21.3%) had a self‐reported history of depression, and 39 (18.1%) had a PHQ‐9 score ≥10. Of the 39 patients screening positive for depression, 18 (41.9%) had no history of depression. Comparison of PHQ‐9 with overall SNOT‐22 score had a Pearson’s coefficient of 0.632 (P <. 005). Logistic regression showed that the highest 2 quintiles of SNOT‐22 scores had an odds ratio of 60.6 (95% CI, 9.7‐378.3) for a positive depression screen (PHQ‐9 score ≥10).ConclusionDepression rates (estimated by PHQ‐9 responses) among rhinology patients are similar to chronic disease populations; depression may be underdiagnosed in rhinology patients. Higher SNOT‐22 scores were associated with higher PHQ‐9 scores. Further studies are warranted to understand the impact of comorbid conditions of depression and CRS in patient quality of life.
Impact of γδ T cells on clinical outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Arruda Lucas C. M. , Gaballa Ahmed , Uhlin Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using αβ T-/B-cell–depleted grafts recently emerged as a transplant strategy and highlighted the potential role of γδ T cells on HSCT outcomes. Our aim was to scrutinize available evidence of γδ T-cell impact on relapse, infections, survival, and acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing γδ T cells in HSCT. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and conference abstracts from inception to March 2019 for relevant studies. We included all studies that assessed γδ T cells associated with HSCT. Data were extracted independently by 2 investigators based on strict selection criteria. A random-effects model was used to pool outcomes across studies. Primary outcome was disease relapse. We also assessed infections, survival, and aGVHD incidence. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019133344). Our search returned 2412 studies, of which 11 (919 patients) were eligible for meta-analysis. Median follow-up was 30 months (interquartile range, 22-32). High γδ T-cell values after HSCT were associated with less disease relapse (risk ratio [RR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.40-0.84; P = .004; I2 = 0%), fewer viral infections (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43-0.82; P = .002; I2 = 0%) and higher overall (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.18-0.44; P < .00001; I2 = 0%) and disease-free survivals (HR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.18-0.48; P < .00001; I2 = 0%). We found no association between high γδ T-cell values and aGVHD incidence (RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.41-1.27; P = .26; I2 = 0%). In conclusion, high γδ T cells after HSCT is associated with a favorable clinical outcome but not with aGVHD development, suggesting that γδ T cells have a significant effect on the success of HSCT. This study was registered with PROSPERO as #CRD42019133344.