bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platelets Endocytose Viral Particles and Are Activated via TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) Signaling
Authors: Banerjee Meenakshi , Huang Yunjie , Joshi Smita , Popa Gabriel J. , Mendenhall Michael D. , Wang Qing Jun , Garvy Beth A. , Myint Thein , Whiteheart Sidney W. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Thrombocytopenia is associated with many viral infections suggesting virions interact with and affect platelets. Consistently, viral particles are seen inside platelets, and platelet activation markers are detected in viremic patients. In this article, we sought mechanistic insights into these virion/platelet interactions by examining how platelets endocytose, traffic, and are activated by a model virion.

Approach and Results:

Using fluorescently tagged HIV-1 pseudovirions, 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, and transgenic mouse models, we probed the interactions between platelets and virions. Mouse platelets used known endocytic machinery, that is, dynamin, VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-3, and Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), to take up and traffic HIV-1 pseudovirions. Endocytosed HIV-1 pseudovirions trafficked through early (Rab4
+
) and late endosomes (Rab7
+
), and then to an LC3
+
(microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) compartment. Incubation with virions induced IRAK4 (interleukin 1 receptor–associated kinase 4), Akt (protein kinase B), and IKK (IκB kinase) activation, granule secretion, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. This activation required TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88) but was less extensive and slower than activation with thrombin. In vivo, HIV-1 pseudovirions injection led to virion uptake and platelet activation, as measured by IKK activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and mild thrombocytopenia. All were decreased in VAMP-3
−/−
and, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific, Arf6
−/−
mice. Similar platelet activation profiles (increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates, plasma platelet factor 4, and phospho-IκBα) were detected in newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy–controlled HIV-1
+
patients.

Conclusions:
Collectively, our data provide mechanistic insights into the cell biology of how platelets endocytose and process virions. We propose a mechanism by which platelets sample the circulation and respond to potential pathogens that they take up.
Differential Roles of Endothelial Cell-Derived and Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain A in Early and Late Atherosclerosis
Authors: Doddapattar Prakash , Dev Rishabh , Jain Manish , Dhanesha Nirav , Chauhan Anil K. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
The extracellular matrix of atherosclerotic arteries contains abundant deposits of cellular Fn-EDA (fibronectin containing extra domain A), suggesting a functional role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Fn-EDA is synthesized by several cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which are known to contribute to different stages of atherosclerosis. Although previous studies using global Fn-EDA-deficient mice have demonstrated that Fn-EDA is proatherogenic, the cell-specific role of EC versus SMC-derived-Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis has not been investigated yet.

Approach and Results:

To determine the relative contribution of different pools of Fn-EDA in atherosclerosis, we generated mutant strains lacking Fn-EDA in the ECs (Fn-EDA
EC-KO
) or smooth muscle cells (Fn-EDA
SMC-KO
) on apolipoprotein E-deficient (
Apoe
−/−
) background. The extent of atherosclerotic lesion progression was evaluated in whole aortae, and cross-sections of the aortic sinus in male and female mice fed a high-fat Western diet for either 4 weeks (early atherosclerosis) or 14 weeks (late atherosclerosis). Irrespective of sex, Fn-EDA
EC-KO
, but not Fn-EDA
SMC-KO
mice, exhibited significantly reduced early atherogenesis concomitant with decrease in inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression levels within the plaques. In late atherosclerosis model, irrespective of sex, Fn-EDA
SMC-KO
mice exhibited significantly reduced atherogenesis, but not Fn-EDA
EC-KO
mice, that was concomitant with decreased macrophage content within plaques. Lesional SMCs, collagen content, and plasma inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α [tumor necrosis factor-α] and IL-1β [interleukin-1β]), total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were comparable among groups.

Conclusions:
EC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to early atherosclerosis, whereas SMC-derived Fn-EDA contributes to late atherosclerosis.
The Hydrometeorological Observation Network in California’s Russian River Watershed: Development, Characteristics, and Key Findings from 1997 to 2019
Authors: Sumargo Edwin , Wilson Anna M. , Ralph F. Martin , Weihs Rachel , White Allen , Jasperse James , Asgari-Lamjiri Maryam , Turnbull Stephen , Downer Charles , Delle Monache Luca 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Russian River Hydrometeorological Observing Network (RHONET) is a unique suite of high-resolution in situ and remote sensing observations deployed over 20 years to address both scientific and operational gaps in understanding, monitoring, and predicting weather and water extremes on the United States’ West Coast. It was created over many years by diverse organizations ranging from universities to federal, state, and local government agencies and utilities. Today, RHONET is a hybrid network with diverse observation sets aimed at advancing scientific understanding of physical processes driving extreme precipitation and runoff in the region. Its development is described, including the specific goals that led to a series of network enhancements, as well as the key characteristics of its sensors. The hydroclimatology of the Russian River area is described, including an overview of the hydrologic extremes and variability driving the scientific and operational needs in the region, from atmospheric river behavior and orographic precipitation processes to hydrologic conditions related to water supply and flooding. A case study of Lake Mendocino storage response to a landfalling atmospheric river in 2018 is presented to demonstrate the network’s performance and hydrologic applications during high-impact weather events. Finally, a synopsis of key scientific findings and applications enabled by the network is provided, from the first documentation of the role of landfalling atmospheric rivers in flooding, to the occurrence of shallow nonbrightband rain, to the buffering influence of extremely dry soils in autumn, and to the development of forecast-informed reservoir operations for Lake Mendocino.
Detecting Regime Transitions of the Nocturnal and Polar Near-Surface Temperature Inversion
Authors: Kaiser Amandine , Faranda Davide , Krumscheid Sebastian , Belušić Danijel , Vercauteren Nikki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e., sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early warning signal that can be applied to nonstationary field data. The presented metric aims to detect nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and polar meteorological measurements.
Coconstruction of Ecosystem Services Management in Tribal Lands: Elicit Expert Opinion Approach
Authors: Tarancón Alicia Azpeleta , Kim Yeon-Su , Padilla Thora , Fulé Peter Z. , Sánchez Meador Andrew J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Mescalero Apache Tribal Lands (MATL) provide a diverse range of ecosystem services, many of which are of fundamental importance for the Mescalero Apache Tribe’s well-being. Managing forests on MATL, especially under climate change, involves prioritizing certain ecosystem services. We used an iterative survey of experts’ opinions to identify those ecosystem services that 1) have high utility—services that the Tribe uses, or could use, and are obtained directly or indirectly from the MATL; 2) are irreplaceable—services that cannot be provided by any other natural resource; and 3) are under a high level of threat—services at risk of declining or being lost directly or indirectly by climate change and thus are critical for management. Both scientists and practitioners identified water and cultural services as management priorities. Management recommendations to mitigate and adapt to climate change effects include reintroduction of fire in the landscape, assisted migration, creation of age/size mosaics across the landscape, and incorporation of green energy. Incorporating human perspectives into natural resource management is a critical component to maintain and adapt social–ecological systems to climate change, especially for Indigenous communities with inherent rights of sovereignty who are deeply connected to natural resources. This study demonstrates how knowledge systems are complementary: diverse perspectives related to values and threats of ecosystems can be incorporated to coconstruct ecosystem management decisions.
Enhancing employee wellness: Translating an effective community behavioral weight-loss treatment to the worksite
Authors: Murakami Jessica M , Bennett Brooke L , Rand-Giovannetti Devin , Stefano Emily C , Latner Janet D 
Published: May 2020

Background: As rates of obesity continue to rise in the USA, there is a need for effective treatments for excess adiposity. Behavioral weight-loss interventions can produce clinically meaningful weight reduction through life-style modifications. However, few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of high-intensity behavioral weight-loss interventions at worksites. Aim: The present research investigated the effectiveness of a previously validated behavioral weight-loss intervention in a Hawai‘i worksite. Methods: Thirty-six participants were recruited from the employee population of a local employer. Participants received six months of group behavioral weight-loss treatment from trained providers. Anthropomorphic, physiological, psychological, and behavioral assessments were collected pre and post treatment. Select physiological and behavioral assessments were collected every four sessions. Results: Sixty-one percent of participants adhered to treatment, and 78% of participants completed treatment. From pre to post treatment, results found that participants achieved clinically significant improvements in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, with accompanying physiological, psychological, and behavioral improvements ( F(12, 2)=101.379, p=0.010, partial η2=0.998). Analyses revealed that participants also achieved significant changes in weight, BMI, and waist circumference across time points, as well as improvements in specific eating habits. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the efficacy of a worksite behavioral weight-loss program. The present intervention produced clinically significant weight losses for a large proportion of participants, accompanied by significant improvements in physiological, behavioral, and psychological outcomes. This research is promising for the ongoing implementation of behavioral weight-loss approaches.
Dissociation between wanting and liking for coffee in heavy drinkers
Authors: Koranyi Nicolas , Brückner Elisabeth , Jäckel Andreas , Grigutsch Laura Anne , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: May 2020

Background: There is an ongoing discussion about the addictive strength of caffeine. According to the incentive-sensitization theory, the development and the maintenance of drug addiction is the result of a selective sensitization of brain regions that are relevant for wanting without a corresponding increase in liking. Dissociations of wanting and liking have been observed with a wide range of drugs in animals. For human subjects, results are inconclusive, which is possibly due to invalid operationalizations of wanting and liking. Aim: The present study examined dissociations of wanting and liking for coffee in heavy and low/non-consumers with newly developed and validated response time-based assessment procedures for wanting and liking. Methods: For this study 24 heavy and 32 low/non-consumers of coffee completed two versions of the Implicit-Association Test (IAT), one of which has been developed and validated recently to assess wanting for coffee, whereas the other reflects an indicator of liking for coffee. Results: Results revealed a significant interaction between group (heavy vs. low/non-consumers) and IAT type ( wanting vs. liking) indicating that heavy coffee drinkers differed from low/non-consumers by displaying increased wanting but not liking for coffee. Interpretation: These data confirm that heavy coffee consumption is associated with strong wanting despite low liking for coffee, indicating that wanting becomes independent from liking through repeated consumption of caffeine. This dissociation provides a possible explanation for the widespread and stable consumption of caffeine-containing beverages.
A simple and effective method for bladder blood clot evacuation using hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xu Ming , Jin Lu , Shan Yuxi , Zhu Jin , Xue Boxin 
Published: May 2020

Objective Urinary retention caused by bladder clots can be frustrating because such blood clots are difficult to remove. We established a novel technique in which hydrogen peroxide is applied to evacuate bladder clots. Methods In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 31 patients with retention of blood clots in the bladder who underwent emergency evacuation using hydrogen peroxide. Results The patients comprised 17 men and 14 women with mean age of 61.2 years (range, 42–82 years). Hydrogen peroxide solution and a 20-Fr three-cavity Foley catheter with large-diameter side holes were used for manual bladder irrigation in all patients. The bladder blood clots were successfully removed in 27 patients. The remaining four patients could not tolerate the symptoms of urinary retention and had to resort to surgery. Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide solution for manual bladder irrigation can improve the efficiency of bladder blood clot evacuation. This is a simple and effective option for managing bladder clot retention.
Root Repair Versus Partial Meniscectomy for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tears: Comparison of Long-term Survivorship and Clinical Outcomes at Minimum 10-Year Follow-up
Authors: Chung Kyu Sung , Ha Jeong Ku , Ra Ho Jong , Yu Woo Jin , Kim Jin Goo 
Published: May 2020

Background: The importance of repair in medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) has been increasingly recognized because it restores hoop tension. However, no study has compared the long-term outcomes between meniscectomy and repair. Hypothesis: Survivorship and clinical outcomes of repair would be better than those of meniscectomy after long-term follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between 2005 and 2009, patients with MMPRTs who had been followed up for at least 10 years after partial meniscectomy (n = 18) or pullout repair (n = 37) were recruited. Clinical assessments, including the Lysholm score and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow-up. The final results in each group were compared with the preoperative results, and the final results of the groups were compared. Clinical failure was defined as conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and the final clinical scores were assessed just before TKA. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to investigate the survival rates of surgical procedures. Results: Mean ± SD follow-up period was 101.4 ± 45.9 and 125.9 ± 21.2 months in the meniscectomy and repair groups, respectively ( P = .140). The mean Lysholm and IKDC scores, respectively, in the meniscectomy group were 50.8 ± 7.7 and 37.6 ± 7.0 preoperatively and 58.2 ± 22.1 and 44.4 ± 19.0 postoperatively ( P = .124; P = .240). In the repair group, the mean Lysholm score and IKDC score, respectively, significantly increased from 52.3 ± 10.9 and 41.0 ± 9.6 preoperatively to 77.1 ± 24.0 and 63.7 ± 20.6 postoperatively ( P < .001; P < .001). The final Lysholm and IKDC scores in the repair group were significantly better than those in the meniscectomy group ( P = .004; P = .003). In cases of clinical failure, 10 patients (56%) in the meniscectomy group and 8 patients (22%) in the repair group converted to TKA in the follow-up period ( P = .016). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 10-year survival rates for the meniscectomy and repair groups were 44.4% and 79.6%, respectively ( P = .004). Conclusion: In MMPRTs, root repair was superior to partial meniscectomy in terms of clinical results for at least 10 years of follow-up. From a long-term perspective, repair with restoration of hoop tension is more effective management than meniscectomy.
Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of mRNA expression profiles and identification of a miRNA–mRNA network associated with lupus nephritis
Authors: Song Jianbo , Zhao Liqin , Li Yuanping 
Published: May 2020

Objective Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. The aim of this study was to identify core genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of LN. Methods We screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LN patients using mRNA expression profile data from the Gene Expression Omnibus. The functional and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed utilizing the Database for annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Target genes with differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) were predicted using the miRTarBase database, and the intersection between these target genes and DEGs was selected to be studied further. Results In total, 107 common DEGs (CDEGs) were identified from the Tub_LN group and Glom_LN group, and 66 DEMIs were identified. Fifty-three hub genes and two significant modules were identified from the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, and a miRNA–mRNA network was constructed. The CDEGs, module genes in the PPI network and genes intersecting with the CDEGs and target genes of DEMIs were all associated with the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Conclusion In summary, this study reveals some crucial genes and pathways potentially involving in the pathogenesis of LN. These findings provide a new insight for the research and treatment of LN.
Long-term outcomes of lupus nephritis treated with regimens based on cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Prasad Narayan , Kurian Jithu , Agarwal Vikas , Bhadauria Dharmendra , Behera Manas , Yacha Monika , Kushwaha Ravi , Agrawal Vinita , Jain Manoj , Gupta Amit 
Published: May 2020

Introduction Lupus nephritis (LN) has a considerable impact on the morbidity and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Long-term comparative outcome data from the Indian subcontinent on treatment regimens with cyclophosphamide (CYP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are sparse. We assessed renal and patient survival for these patients in terms of the types of induction – CYP or MMF – and the two maintenance therapies – MMF or azathioprine (AZA). Methods We retrospectively analysed outcomes of 100 LN patients, 67 treated with CYP (26 class III, 25 class IV, 6 class III + V and 10 class IV + V; 40 Euro lupus regimen and 27 National Institutes of Health regimen) and 33 treated with a MMF-based regimen with steroids between July 2008 and June 2018. Data regarding demographic, clinical and histopathological features and the treatment given to all patients were extracted. Outcomes between the two regimens CYP and MMF were compared in terms of remission, dialysis and patient survival. Results The clinical characteristics were similar in both groups, except that the activity index was higher in CYP patients (6.13 ± 4.48 vs. 4.61 ± 2.80). However, the chronicity index was similar. The overall remission rate was 70% at the end of induction. The rates of complete remission, partial remission and non-responders in the CYP group were 46.2%, 23.9% and 29.9%, respectively. However, in the MMF group, the corresponding rates were 57.6%, 12.1% and 30.3%, respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- and 10-year patient survival rates in the CYP group were 89.5%, 86.2%, 86.2%, 83.8%, 83.8% and 83.8%, respectively. In the MMF induction group, the corresponding rates were 93.9%, 93.9%, 89%, 89%, 89% and 89%, respectively. At the end of the study, rates of end-stage renal disease in the MMF group and CYP group were 7.5% and 12.1%, respectively. The death-censored and non-censored renal survival rates were also similar in the long term. With regard to maintenance therapy, 3/56 (5.3%) in the MMF group and 7/34 (20.5%) in the AZA group experienced doubling of serum creatinine ( p = 0.03). Conclusions Long-term outcomes in terms of patient and renal survival of LN patients treated with CYP and MMF induction are similar. Doubling of serum creatinine occurred more with AZA-based maintenance therapy than with MMF-based maintenance therapy. Most deaths occurred during induction, and sepsis was the most common cause of death.
The implementation of child rights in healthcare services
Authors: Yigitbas Cagla , Top Fadime Ustuner 
Published: May 2020

Background: Hospitalized children have the right to “partake in practices related to their treatment and care.” Midwives and nurses have important roles and responsibilities regarding the protection and enforcement of these rights, such as providing information and advocating for children. Objectives: This study aims to determine the attitudes of midwives and nurses toward their roles and responsibilities in the implementation of child rights in healthcare services and the factors affecting their attitudes. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 122 midwives and nurses in total. The data were collected through a questionnaire. Ethical considerations: Written permission was obtained from an ethics committee in the center of the city where the research was conducted. Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.70 ± 8.03 years; 58.9% of midwives and nurses stated that they understood the child’s consent about the treatment by looking at the child’s facial expression; 36% of midwives and nurses stated that children could not participate in decisions regarding their own health. It was observed that obtaining the child’s consent in matters related to treatment does not make any difference between midwives and nurses. The rate of the midwives stating that they would report suspicious violence-neglect and abuse was found to be higher. Conclusion: The variables of the unit of employment, the state of having children, choosing the profession and practicing in it willingly, and getting training on children’s rights make a difference in terms of children’s rights in healthcare services. Midwives and nurses should be reminded of child rights in healthcare services through regular in-service training programs.