bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerations for the design and conduct of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods
Authors: Swann J. R. , Rajilic-Stojanovic M. , Salonen A. , Sakwinska O. , Gill C. , Meynier A. , Fança-Berthon P. , Schelkle B. , Segata N. , Shortt C. , Tuohy K. , Hasselwander O. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith the growing appreciation for the influence of the intestinal microbiota on human health, there is increasing motivation to design and refine interventions to promote favorable shifts in the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Technological advances have improved our understanding and ability to measure this indigenous population and the impact of such interventions. However, the rapid growth and evolution of the field, as well as the diversity of methods used, parameters measured and populations studied, make it difficult to interpret the significance of the findings and translate their outcomes to the wider population. This can prevent comparisons across studies and hinder the drawing of appropriate conclusions. This review outlines considerations to facilitate the design, implementation and interpretation of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods based upon our current understanding of the intestinal microbiota, its functionality and interactions with the human host. This includes parameters associated with study design, eligibility criteria, statistical considerations, characterization of products and the measurement of compliance. Methodologies and markers to assess compositional and functional changes in the microbiota, following interventions are discussed in addition to approaches to assess changes in microbiota–host interactions and host responses. Last, EU legislative aspects in relation to foods and health claims are presented. While it is appreciated that the field of gastrointestinal microbiology is rapidly evolving, such guidance will assist in the design and interpretation of human gut microbiota interventional studies relating to foods.
Chemical variability in peralkaline magmas and magma reservoirs: insights from the Khaggiar lava flow, Pantelleria, Italy
Authors: Neave David A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSilicic volcanoes are increasingly understood to be underlain by crystal-rich and vertically extensive magma reservoirs within which disequilibrium is widespread. Observations from ignimbrite deposits demonstrate that silicic magma reservoirs are often compartmentalised and compositionally stratified. However, it is currently unclear whether the small (i.e., < 0.1 km3dense rock equivalent) eruptions that dominate activity at many volcanoes, and peralkaline volcanoes in particular, are fed from similarly complex magma reservoirs as their larger counterparts. Here I report petrographic and geochemical observations from the products of a small peralkaline eruption on Pantelleria, Italy, with the aims of unravelling peralkaline magma assembly processes and evaluating the complexity of reservoirs feeding small silicic eruptions. Matrix glass and whole-rock compositions from the Khaggiar lava flow and Cuddia Randazzo pumice cone reveal that erupted magmas were assembled from at least three distinct magma types stored within a compartmentalised magma reservoir: trachytes, less-evolved pantellerites and evolved pantellerites. Chemical variability in the Khaggiar lava flow was created by at least three distinct processes: the accumulation of evolved macrocrysts into evolved pantellerites; the injection of trachytic magmas into less evolved pantellerites; and the accumulation of relatively primitive macrocrysts into trachytic magmas. Macrocryst textures indicate that both trachytic and pantelleritic domains of the magma reservoir experienced numerous recharge events prior to the one that ultimately triggered eruption. Overall, magmas forming the Khaggiar lava flow and Cuddia Randazzo pumice cone appear to have been assembled in analogous ways to those erupted in much larger events. My observations are in good agreement with those from other peralkaline volcanoes and confirm that magma mingling, crystal cannibalism and macrocryst entrainment are as ubiquitous in peralkaline systems as they are in their calc-alkaline counterparts.
Tholeiitic- and boninite-series metabasites of the Nové Město Unit and northern part of the Zábřeh Unit (Orlica–Śnieżnik Dome, Bohemian Massif): petrogenesis and tectonic significance
Authors: Ilnicki Sławomir , Szczepański Jacek , Pin Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Nové Město Unit and the northern part of the Zábřeh Unit comprise back-arc basin mafic rocks metamorphosed during Variscan times. In both units, nearly identical metabasites comprise variously enriched tholeiites (from N-MORB to transitional E-MORB-OIB), high-Ca, low-silica boninites and low-Ti tholeiites. The tholeiites (Ti/V: 22–58, εNd540: + 7.6 to − 4.7) represent 10–15% melting at ca. 30–60 km and temperatures of 1380–1230 °C of a depleted MORB mantle-type (DMM) wedge heterogeneously modified shortly before fusion by OIB-like melts (enriched mantle possibly of EM1–EM2 type) presumably derived from decompression melting of upwelling asthenosphere. Much less common meta-boninites (Ti/V: 6–23, εNd540: + 6.7 to − 2.9) formed by 15–25% re-melting of residual mantle (DMM after ~ 15% melt extraction) at depths of 40–65 km and temperatures of ~ 1420–1300 °C. Scarce low-Ti meta-tholeiites (Ti/V: 18–19, εNd540: + 7.1) resulted from < 10% melting of an unenriched DMM-type source or re-melting of residual mantle (after < 15% of former melting). Trace elements and Nd isotope compositions imply random fluxing of tholeiitic- and boninitic magma sources by components released from a subducted slab. The metasomatic enrichment (Th, LREE–MREE) was induced not only by sediment-derived melts but also by fluids supplied by subducted sediments or juvenile crust. The Nové Město–Zábřeh association of metabasites points to an easterly prolongation (in present-day coordinates) of the Cadomian subduction system of the Teplá–Barrandian. Boninite-type magmatism and OIB-like input into mantle beneath an extensional back-arc basin suggest an upflow of hot asthenosphere through subducted ridge (slab window) followed by a cessation of subduction zone activity.
Dual-mixed hp-version axisymmetric shell finite element using NURBS mid-surface interpolation
Authors: Tóth Balázs , Burmeister Dániel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new, generalhp-version axisymmetric finite element is derived for the boundary value problems of thin linearly elastic shells of revolution, applying a complementary strain energy-based three-field dual-mixed variational principle. For the interpolation of the mid-surface geometry, non-uniform rational B-splines—NURBS—is used. The independent field variables of the weak formulation are the a priori non-symmetric stress tensor, the displacement vector, and the infinitesimal skew-symmetric rotation tensor. The theoretical model of the shell formulation is based on a consistent dimensional reduction process and a systematic variable-number reduction procedure. The inverse of the unvaried three-dimensional constitutive equation is employed since neither the classical kinematical assumptions nor the stress hypotheses are built in the mathematical model; namely, both the through-the-thickness variation and the normal stress to the shell mid-surface are not excluded. The newhpaxisymmetric shell finite element is tested by a representative model problem for extremely thin and moderately thick, singly and doubly curved shells of negative and positive Gaussian curvature. Following from the numerical experiments, the constructedhp-shell finite element gives locking-free results not only for the displacement but also for the stresses.
Differential utility of teacher and parent–teacher combined information in the assessment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms
Authors: Garcia-Rosales Alexandra , Vitoratou Silia , Faraone Stephen V. , Rudaizky Daniel , Banaschewski Tobias , Asherson Philip , Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Buitelaar Jan , Oades Robert D. , Rothenberger Aribert , Steinhausen Hans-Christoph , Taylor Eric , Chen Wai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundConsistent research findings indicate that parents and teachers observe genuinely different Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behaviours in their respective settings.ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of information provided by teacher informant assessments (INFAs) of ADHD symptoms, and the implications of aggregation algorithms in combing parents’ information, i.e. using ‘or-rule’ (endorsement by either one informant) versus ‘and-rule’ (endorsement by both informants).MethodTeacher ratings on Conners scales and clinical data from parental accounts on 1383 probands and their siblings from the IMAGE study were analysed. The psychometric properties of teacher and combined ratings using the item response theory model (IRT) are presented. Kappa coefficients, intraclass correlations and linear regression were employed.ResultsFirst, teacher endorsement of symptoms is located in a narrow part of the trait continuum close to the average levels. Symptoms exhibit comparable perception in the measurement of the trait(s) with similar discrimination ability and information (reliability). Second, the IRT properties of the ‘or-rule’ ratings are predominantly influenced by parent-INFAs; and the ‘and-rule’ ratings predominantly by teacher-INFAs ratings. Third, parent-teacher INFAs agreement was low, both for individual items (κ = 0.01–0.15) and for dimensional scores (r = 0.12–0.16). The ‘or-rule’ captured milder expressions of ADHD symptoms, whereas the ‘and-rule’ indexed greater severity of ADHD.ConclusionsParent and teacher-INFAs provide different kinds of information, while both are useful. Teacher-INFA and the ‘and-rule’ provide a more accurate index of severity than an additive symptom count. Parent-INFA and the ‘or-rule’ are more sensitive for detecting cases with milder ADHD.
Non-contrast coronary magnetic resonance angiography: current frontiers and future horizons
Authors: Kato Yoko , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath , Kassai Yoshimori , Kasuboski Larry , Schuijf Joanne , Kapoor Karan , Caruthers Shelton , Lima Joao A. C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronary magnetic resonance angiography (coronary MRA) is advantageous in its ability to assess coronary artery morphology and function without ionizing radiation or contrast media. However, technical limitations including reduced spatial resolution, long acquisition times, and low signal-to-noise ratios prevent it from clinical routine utilization. Nonetheless, each of these limitations can be specifically addressed by a combination of novel technologies including super-resolution imaging, compressed sensing, and deep-learning reconstruction. In this paper, we first review the current clinical use and motivations for non-contrast coronary MRA, discuss currently available coronary MRA techniques, and highlight current technical developments that hold unique potential to optimize coronary MRA image acquisition and post-processing. In the final section, we examine the various research-based coronary MRA methods and metrics that can be leveraged to assess coronary stenosis severity, physiological function, and atherosclerotic plaque characterization. We specifically discuss how such technologies may contribute to the clinical translation of coronary MRA into a robust modality for routine clinical use.
Application and verification of a multivariate real-time early warning method for rainfall-induced landslides: implication for evolution of landslide-generated debris flows
Authors: Yang Zongji , Wang Liyong , Qiao Jianping , Uchimura Taro , Wang Lin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRainfall-induced landslides are a frequent and often catastrophic geological disaster, and the development of accurate early warning systems for such events is a primary challenge in the field of risk reduction. Understanding of the physical mechanisms of rainfall-induced landslides is key for early warning and prediction. In this study, a real-time multivariate early warning method based on hydro-mechanical analysis and a long-term sequence of real-time monitoring data was proposed and verified by applying the method to predict successive debris flow events that occurred in 2017 and 2018 in Yindongzi Gully, which is in Wenchuan earthquake region, China. Specifically, long-term sequence slope stability analysis of the in situ datasets for the landslide deposit as a benchmark was conducted, and a multivariate indicator early warning method that included the rainfall intensity-probability (I-P), saturation (Si), and inclination (Ir) was then proposed. The measurements and analysis in the two early warning scenarios not only verified the reliability and practicality of the multivariate early warning method but also revealed the evolution processes and mechanism of the landslide-generated debris flow in response to rainfall. Thus, these findings provide a new strategy and guideline for accurately producing early warnings of rainfall-induced landslides.
Promoting computational thinking of both sciences- and humanities-oriented students: an instructional and motivational design perspective
Authors: Katai Zoltan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe proposed to investigate whether properly calibrated e-learning environments can efficiently promote computational thinking of both sciences- and humanities-oriented people. We invited two groups of students (sciences- vs. humanities-oriented members) to participate in a six-stage learning session: to watch a folk-dance illustration (s1) and an animation (s2) of the bubble-sort algorithm; to reconstruct the algorithm on the same input (s3); to orchestrate the algorithm on a random input stored in a white(s4)/black(s5) array (visible/invisible sequence) and to watch a parallel simulation of several sorting algorithms as they work side-by-side on different color-scale bars (s6). To assess the current motivation of students we created nine specific questionnaires (Q1–9). The experiment we conducted included the following task sequence: Q1–2, s1, Q3, s2, Q4, s3, Q5, s4, Q6, s5, Q7, s6, Q8–9. We focused on assessing the motivational contributions of the generated (situational factors) emotions, challenge and active involvement during the e-learning experience. Research results revealed that there are no unbridgeable differences in the way these two groups relate to e-learning processes that aim to promote computational thinking. Although sciences-oriented students’ motivational-scores were consistently superior to their humanities-oriented colleagues, there was strong correlation between them; furthermore, differences diminished as both groups advanced with their learning tasks.
Strategic Decision-Making in a Global Context: The Comprehension Effect of Foreign Language Use on Cooperation
Authors: Urbig Diemo , Muehlfeld Katrin , D. Procher Vivien , van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith increasing globalization comes an increasing number of people communicating in foreign languages when making strategic decisions. We develop a theoretical model in which comprehension constitutes an essential mediator for the effects of using a foreign language on cooperation in global business contexts. To resolve conceptual ambiguities, we separate information processing leading to comprehension from decision-making employing the previously comprehended information. For the first step, we demonstrate how using a foreign language can, depending on individuals’ foreign language proficiencies, trigger both lower and higher comprehension. Variation in comprehension is, as a second step and independent of its cause, negatively associated with individuals’ tendencies to cooperate. Our experimental results support our theorizing. This study provides new micro-foundations for strategic decision-making and discusses unreliable cooperation as a potentially destructive managerial group dynamic within foreign language contexts.
Experimental study on horizontal-well multi-thermal fluid stimulation process in offshore heavy oil reservoirs
Authors: Liu Yigang , Zou Jian , Meng Xianghai , Zhou Fayuan , Liu Hao , Wang Qiuxia , Qi Zhilin , Fan Jie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe development of offshore heavy oil is sensitive and complex, which is limited by factors such as platform space, economy, pollution and security, so conventional thermal recovery techniques such as cyclic steam stimulation and steam flooding have difficulty in achieving favorable development effect for offshore heavy oil reservoirs. Horizontal-well multi-thermal fluid stimulation (HW-MTFS) process is a relatively new thermal recovery technique, which combines the multiple advantages of gas injection, horizontal well and thermal recovery process. In this paper, the HW-MTFS physical model was firstly designed. Thereafter, the influences of different factors on steam absorption along horizontal wellbore were studied by sand-packed model experiments. Finally, the development performance of horizontal-well cyclic steam stimulation (HW-CSS) process and horizontal-well multi-thermal fluid stimulation process was compared by two groups of physical experiments. The results indicate that different injection factors significantly influenced the steam absorption along horizontal wellbore. Compared with steam injection, the multi-thermal fluid injection could effectively improve the steam absorption along horizontal wellbore. The HW-MTFS process had a higher oil rate and production, and the recovery of HW-MTFS process was 42% higher than that of HW-CSS in three cycles.
Low-Temperature Aging Provides 22% Efficient Bromine-Free and Passivation Layer-Free Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Luyao , Shan Tong , Leng Shibing , Zhong Hongliang , Bao Qinye , Lu Zheng-Hong , Deng Lin-Long , Chen Chun-Chao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious reports of formamidinium/methylamine (FAMA)-mixed halide perovskite solar cells have focused mainly on controlling the morphology of the perovskite film and its interface—for example, through the inclusion of bromine and surface passivation. In this paper, we describe a new processing pathway for the growth of a high-quality bromine-free FAMAPbI3 halide perovskites via the control of intermediate phase. Through low-temperature aging growth (LTAG) of a freshly deposited perovskite film, α-phase perovskites can be seeded in the intermediate phase and, at the same time, prevent beta-phase perovskite to nucleate. After postannealing, large grain-size perovskites with significantly reduced PbI2 presence on the surface can be obtained, thereby eliminating the need of additional surface passivation step. Our pristine LTAG-treated solar cells could provide PCEs of greater than 22% without elaborate use of bromine or an additional passivation layer. More importantly, when using this LTAG process, the growth of the pure alpha-phase FAMAPbI3 was highly reproducible.
Returns to schooling in Kazakhstan: an update using a pseudo-panel approach
Authors: Kemelbayeva Saule 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper represents the first attempt to employ a long series of repeated cross-sectional data from the Kazakhstani National Statistics as the pseudo-panel for estimating returns to schooling. We found the returns to be relatively high and internationally comparable. The cohort effect turned out to be negative, suggesting the interpretation of the business cycle’s impact. The gender gap in returns has additionally been revealed: while females tend to earn less, the returns are higher for them, which can likely be explained by gender differences in labor allocation across sectors and industries and, in turn, explains the higher levels of education amongst women.
Flexible cascaded multilevel inverter with multiple operation modes
Authors: Wang Yaoqiang , Du Guanyu , Liang Jun , Qin Ming 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a flexible cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed with a wide operational range. The inverter can change its topology structure to operate in three modes by a bidirectional switch unit. The nine-level or five-level mode of the inverter is adopted to optimize the output waveform when the input power is low. To decrease power losses, the three-level mode of the inverter is adopted to reduce the number of active switch devices when the input power is high. The topology and modulation strategy of the proposed inverter are presented and analyzed. The total losses and current THD of the inverter are calculated. In addition, simulations and experiments are conducted. The obtained simulation and experimental results indicate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed inverter and its modulation strategy.
Clinical outcomes for nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension after taxane‐based induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemo‐radiotherapy in the modern era
Authors: Ghosh‐Laskar Sarbani , Pilar Avinash , Johnny Carlton , Prabhash Kumar , Joshi Amit , Agarwal Jai Prakash , Gupta Tejpal , Budrukkar Ashwini , Murthy Vedang , Swain Monali , Noronha Vanita , Patil Vijay Maruthi , Pai Prathamesh , Nair Deepa , Chaukar Devendra Arvind , Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Pantvaidya Gouri , Deshmukh Anuja , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Nair Sudhir , D'Cruz Anil 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the survival outcomes for a cohort of nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension (ICE) treated with induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by chemo‐intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (CTRT) at a tertiary cancer center.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 45 patients with histologically proven, non‐metastatic NPC with ICE treated at our institute between October 2008 and October 2016. Patients were classified as minor ICE or major ICE, based on the extent of ICE. All the patients received 2–3 cycles of a taxane‐based ICT regimen followed by CTRT. Radiotherapy was delivered with “risk‐adapted” intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique in all patients.ResultsAfter a median follow up of 45 months (range: 8–113 months), the estimated 5‐year DFS, LRFS, DMFS, and OS of the entire cohort was 58%, 82%, 67% and 74% respectively. On multivariate analysis, histological subtype was an independent predictor of LRFS, and age was an independent predictor of DFS. The extent of ICE showed only a trend towards worse DFS (P = 0.06). None of the factors significantly predicted for DMFS or OS. Gender, N‐stage, and response to ICT did not significantly affect any of the outcomes. Grade 2 or worse subcutaneous fibrosis was seen in 22% of patients and grade 2 or worse xerostomia was seen in 24% of patients at last follow up. Thirty‐three percent of the patients developed clinical hypothyroidism at last follow up. None of the patients experienced any neurological or vascular complications.ConclusionsTaxane‐based induction chemotherapy followed by chemo‐intensity modulated radiotherapy resulted in excellent locoregional control and survival with acceptable toxicities in patients of nasopharyngeal cancer with intracranial extension. Distant metastasis continues to be the predominant problem in these patients.