bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waveguide combiners for mixed reality headsets: a nanophotonics design perspective
Authors: Kress Bernard C. , Chatterjee Ishan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper is a review and analysis of the various implementation architectures of diffractive waveguide combiners for augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) headsets, and smart glasses. Extended reality (XR) is another acronym frequently used to refer to all variants across the MR spectrum. Such devices have the potential to revolutionize how we work, communicate, travel, learn, teach, shop, and are entertained. Already, market analysts show very optimistic expectations on return on investment in MR, for both enterprise and consumer applications. Hardware architectures and technologies for AR and MR have made tremendous progress over the past five years, fueled by recent investment hype in start-ups and accelerated mergers and acquisitions by larger corporations. In order to meet such high market expectations, several challenges must be addressed: first, cementing primary use cases for each specific market segment and, second, achieving greater MR performance out of increasingly size-, weight-, cost- and power-constrained hardware. One such crucial component is the optical combiner. Combiners are often considered as critical optical elements in MR headsets, as they are the direct window to both the digital content and the real world for the user’s eyes.Two main pillars defining the MR experience are comfort and immersion. Comfort comes in various forms: –wearable comfort—reducing weight and size, pushing back the center of gravity, addressing thermal issues, and so on–visual comfort—providing accurate and natural 3-dimensional cues over a large field of view and a high angular resolution–vestibular comfort—providing stable and realistic virtual overlays that spatially agree with the user’s motion–social comfort—allowing for true eye contact, in a socially acceptable form factor.Immersion can be defined as the multisensory perceptual experience (including audio, display, gestures, haptics) that conveys to the user a sense of realism and envelopment. In order to effectively address both comfort and immersion challenges through improved hardware architectures and software developments, a deep understanding of the specific features and limitations of the human visual perception system is required. We emphasize the need for a human-centric optical design process, which would allow for the most comfortable headset design (wearable, visual, vestibular, and social comfort) without compromising the user’s sense of immersion (display, sensing, and interaction). Matching the specifics of the display architecture to the human visual perception system is key to bound the constraints of the hardware allowing for headset development and mass production at reasonable costs, while providing a delightful experience to the end user.
Toward new frontiers for terahertz quantum cascade laser frequency combs
Authors: Vitiello Miriam S. , Consolino Luigi , Inguscio Massimo , De Natale Paolo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBroadband, quantum-engineered, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are the most powerful chip-scale sources of optical frequency combs (FCs) across the mid-infrared and the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The inherently short intersubband upper state lifetime spontaneously allows mode proliferation, with large quantum efficiencies, as a result of the intracavity four-wave mixing. QCLs can be easily integrated with external elements or engineered for intracavity embedding of nonlinear optical components and can inherently operate as quantum detectors, providing an intriguing technological platform for on-chip quantum investigations at the nanoscale. The research field of THz FCs is extremely vibrant and promises major impacts in several application domains crossing dual-comb spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, time-domain nanoimaging, quantum science and technology, metrology and nonlinear optics in a miniaturized and compact architecture. Here, we discuss the fundamental physical properties and the technological performances of THz QCL FCs, highlighting the future perspectives of this frontier research field.
A cost-utility analysis of multimodal pain rehabilitation in primary healthcare
Authors: Eklund Katarina , Stålnacke Britt-Marie , Stenberg Gunilla , Enthoven Paul , Gerdle Björn , Sahlén Klas-Göran 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Multimodal rehabilitation programs (MMRPs) have been shown to be both cost-effective and an effective method for managing chronic pain in specialist care. However, while the vast majority of patients are treated in primary healthcare, MMRPs are rarely practiced in these settings. Limited time and resources for everyday activities alongside the complexity of chronic pain makes the management of chronic pain challenging in primary healthcare and the focus is on unimodal treatment. In order to increase the use of MMRPs incentives such as cost savings and improved health status in the patient group are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MMRPs for patients with chronic pain in primary healthcare in two Swedish regions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of MMRPs at one-year follow-up in comparison with care as usual for patients with chronic pain in primary healthcare in two Swedish regions.

Methods
A cost-utility analysis was performed alongside a prospective cohort study comparing the MMRP with the alternative of continuing with care as usual. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL), using EQ5D, and working situation of 234 participants were assessed at baseline and one-year follow-up. The primary outcome was cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained while the secondary outcome was sickness absence. An extrapolation of costs was performed based on previous long-term studies in order to evaluate the effects of the MMRP over a five-year time period.

Results
The mean (SD) EQ5D index, which measures HRQoL, increased significantly (p<0.001) from 0.34 (0.32) to 0.44 (0.32) at one-year follow-up. Sickness absence decreased by 15%. The cost-utility analysis showed a cost per QALY gained of 18 704 € at one-year follow-up.

Conclusions
The results indicate that the MMRP significantly improves the HRQoL of the participants and is a cost-effective treatment for patients with chronic pain in primary healthcare when a newly suggested cost-effectiveness threshold of 19 734 € is implemented. The extrapolation indicates that considerable cost savings in terms of reduced loss of production and gained QALYs may be generated if the effects of the MMRP are maintained beyond one-year follow-up. The study demonstrates potential benefits of MMRPs in primary healthcare for both the patient with chronic pain and the society as a whole. The cost-effectiveness of MMRPs in primary healthcare has scarcely been studied and further long-term studies are needed in these settings.
Phytochemical analysis of trifoliate orange during fermentation by HPLC–DAD–ESI–MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Gao Dan , Cho Chong Woon , Vinh Le Ba , Kim Jin Hyeok , Kim Young Ho , Kang Jong Seong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuring the process of fermentation, the chemical compositions of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliate (L). Raf) changed greatly. To provide a completely phytochemical profile, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-hyphenated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS) has been successfully applied to screen and identify the unknown constituents of trifoliate orange during fermentation, which make it available for the quality control of fermented products. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to classify the trifoliate oranges based on the status of fermentation. A total of 8 components were identified among the samples. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) demonstrated the fermented and unfermented trifoliate oranges were obviously different, an effective and reliable Partial Least Square Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) technique was more suitable to provide accurate discrimination of test samples based their different chemical patterns. Furthermore, a permutation validated the reliability of PLS-DA and variable importance plot revealed that the characterized syringing, naringin, and poncirin showed the high ability to distinguish the trifoliate oranges during fermentation. The present investigation could provide detailed information for the quality control and evaluation of trifoliate oranges during the fermentation process.
New conditions of HPLC analysis for separation and quantification of simple organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle in psoriasis
Authors: Fan Jiaxing , Liu Yiyang , Su Shenmin , Cao Yiqing , Yu Yunqiu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTricarboxylic acid cycle is an important pathway and the metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle, simple organic acids, play important roles in many physiological processes. The new conditions of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with improved separation selectivity were developed and optimized by choosing suitable store solvent, methanol, which can catalyze the reaction, aldol condensation, and facilitate the formation of new compound to improve simultaneous detection of nine metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle, including lactic acid, pyruvic acid, citric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, cis-aconitic acid, itaconic acid, and fumaric acid, and be applied in analysis of the nine metabolites in psoriasis mice skin. This study shows that in process of developing methods, expect conventional chromatographic condition, solvent should also be considered carefully.
Training gamblers to re-think their gambling choices: How contextual analytical thinking may be useful in promoting safer gambling
Authors: Armstrong Tess , Rockloff Matthew , Browne Matthew , Blaszczynski Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsHarmful gambling has been associated with the endorsement of fallacious cognitions that promote excessive consumption. These types of beliefs stem from intuitively derived assumptions about gambling that are fostered by fast-thinking and a lack of objective, critical thought. The current paper details an experiment designed to test whether a four-week online intervention to strengthen contextual analytical thinking in gamblers is effective in changing gamblers cognitions and encouraging safer gambling consumption.MethodsNinety-four regular gamblers who reported experiencing gambling-related harm were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n= 46) or control condition (n= 48), including 45 males, ranging from 19 to 65 years of age (M= 36.61;SD = 9.76). Following baseline measurement of gambling beliefs and prior week gambling consumption, participants in the experimental condition were required to complete an adaption of the Gamblers Fallacy Questionnaire designed to promote analytical thinking by educating participants on common judgement errors specific to gambling once a week for four weeks. Post-intervention measures of beliefs and gambling consumption were captured in week five.ResultsThe experimental condition reported significantly fewer erroneous cognitions, greater endorsement of protective cognitions, and reduced time spent gambling post-intervention compared to baseline. The control group also reported a reduction in cognitions relating to predicting and controlling gambling outcomes.ConclusionCognitive interventions that encourage gamblers to challenge gambling beliefs by reflecting on gambling involvement and promoting critical thinking may be an effective tool for reducing the time people invest in gambling activities.
Propuesta metodológica para el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo desde el diseño de la ingeniería concurrente.
Authors: Narvaez Caballero Nikolai , Gélvez García Laura Esperanza 
Published: October 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la fase de implementación de un estudio de caso que pretende instaurar un modelo de competencias para el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo e innovador a partir de la ingeniería concurrente, como gestión de las prácticas de enseñanza y aprendizaje en una Institución de Educación Superior (IES) en Bogotá-Colombia. La actividad se desarrolló bajo un método de investigación acción participativa, el cual buscó explicar razones de los diferentes aspectos que conllevan la planificación, organización y el estudio de un producto o servicio, al intervenir desde un modelo instaurado como proyecto de aula contrastando estos análisis con los primeros resultados de una investigación tipo exploratoria de enfoque cualitativa tomando organizaciones y/o empresas en contextos reales para su diagnóstico de necesidad de innovación. Estos criterios de transferibilidad se basan por una parte sobre una interpretación del enfoque concurrente al realizar el estado del arte existente y los patrones de comportamiento de las empresas para así destacar las dimensiones críticas particulares, por otra parte, se basa en un análisis del tipo de modelo de intervención que permita su implementación en este tipo de empresas. En consecuencia, el modelo de trabajo simultáneo integra las experiencias y la información a través de un conjunto de elementos, que permiten visualizar destrezas creativas para formular ideas novedosas en el ciclo de vida de un producto o servicio, exponiendo la relevancia de la presente estrategia didáctica en integrar la academia con la realidad.
Pola Pertumbuhan Ayam Broiler Strain Lohmann Berdasarkan Osteometri Tulang Sayap
Authors: Megawati Neneng Ismi , Dhamayanti Yeni , Purnama Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad , Soeharsono Soeharsono , Yudhana Aditya , Yunita Maya Nurwartanti 
Published: October 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan dan osteometri serta untuk mengetahui titik osteometri tulang sayap ayam broiler strain Lohmann. Pengukuran tulang sayap dilakukan dengan mengukur panjang, lebar, keliling dan barat tulang dengan menggunakan jangka sorong dengan ketelitian 0,05 mm. Hasil penelitian pola pertumbuhan ayam broiler strain Lohmann tulang sayap pada umur 7, 21 dan 35 hari, diperoleh hasil yang signifikan (p<0.05) terhadap nilai rata-rata panjang, lebar (proximal, corpus dan distal), keliling (proximal, corpus dan distal) dan berat pada os scapula, os coracoid dan os clavicula dan tulang-tulang alat penyusun gerak bebas yang terdiri dari os humerus, os radius, os ulna, os metacarpal I, os metacarpal II, os metacarpal III, ossa digiti I, ossa digiti II dexter phalang I dan Phalang II, ossa digiti II sinister Phalang I dan Phalang II serta os digiti III. Data di analisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) selanjutnya diuji menggunakan uji Post Hoc Duncan. Ayam broiler strain Lohmann memiliki titik pertumbuhan maksimum saat berumur 21 hari yang ditunjukkan dengan terlihat ada titik optimal dan di lanjutkan dengan pertumbuhan yang melambat. Pada titik ini memicu pembentukan daging pada ayam broiler strain Lohmann sebelum ayam mencapai batas pertumbuhan.
Patient Preferences for Surgical Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Hutyra Carolyn A. , Gonzalez Juan Marcos , Yang Jui-Chen , Johnson F. Reed , Reed Shelby D. , Amendola Annunziato , Bolognesi Michael P. , Berend Keith R. , Berend Michael E. , MacDonald Steven J. , Mather Richard C. 
Published: October 2020

Background:Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common treatment for end-stage knee osteoarthritis but is associated with increased complication rates compared with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). UKA offers better functional outcomes but is associated with a higher risk of revision. The purpose of this study was to apply good-practice, stated-preference methods to quantify patient preferences for benefit-risk tradeoffs associated with arthroplasty treatments for end-stage knee osteoarthritis.Methods:A discrete-choice experiment was developed with the following attributes: chance of complications, functional ability, awareness of the knee implant, and chance of needing another operation within 10 years. Patients included those aged 40 to 80 years with knee osteoarthritis. A pivot design filtered respondents into 1 of 2 surveys on the basis of self-reported functional ability (good compared with fair or poor) as measured by the Oxford Knee Score. Treatment-preference data were collected, and relative attribute-importance weights were estimated.Results:Two hundred and fifty-eight completed survey instruments from 92 males and 164 females were analyzed, with 72 respondents in the good-function cohort and 186 in the fair/poor-function cohort. Patients placed the greatest value or relative importance on serious complications and rates of revision in both cohorts. Preference weights did not vary between cohorts for any attribute. In the good-function cohort, 42% of respondents chose TKA and 58% chose UKA. In the fair/poor-function cohort, 54% chose TKA and 46% chose UKA.Conclusions:Patient preferences for various treatment attributes varied among patients in a knee osteoarthritis population. Complication and revision rates were the most important factors to patients, suggesting that physicians should focus on these areas when discussing treatments. The proportion of patients who chose UKA suggests that the current trend of increased UKA utilization is aligned with patient preferences.Clinical Relevance:Systematic elicitation of patient preferences for knee arthroplasty procedures, which lays out evidence-based risks and benefits of different treatments, indicates a larger subset of the knee osteoarthritis population may prefer UKA than would be suggested by the current rates of utilization of the procedure. Arthroplasty treatment should align with patient preferences and eligibility criteria to better deliver patient-centered care.
Stacked megafans of the Kalahari Basin as archives of paleogeography, river capture, and Cenozoic paleoclimate of southwestern Africa
Authors: Houben Georg J. , Kaufhold Stephan , Miller Roy McG , Lohe Christoph , Hinderer Matthias , Noll Meike , Hornung Jens , Joseph Reginalda , Gerdes Axel , Sitnikova Maria , Quinger Martin 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe Cenozoic Kalahari Basin covers large parts of southern Africa. A continuous 400 m core was obtained in northern Namibia and analyzed in detail. Here, we present sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical, granulometric, and hydraulic data, which were used to derive the sedimentation history and the Cenozoic paleoclimate and paleogeography of SW Africa. The first absolute ages for the Kalahari Basin were obtained by dating of calcretes, which showed that the core covers almost the entire Cenozoic. Two megafans could be distinguished. The older, buried Olukonda Megafan stems from a mafic source rock, potentially the Kunene Intrusive Complex, and was deposited by a paleo–Kunene River towards the southeast and east, under a semiarid climate. The younger Cubango Megafan (Andoni Formation) has a completely different provenance, namely felsic metamorphic and granitoid rocks, transported from the north by the Cubango River. The capture of the Kunene towards the Atlantic during the Eocene resulted in this change in provenance. Despite the distinct differences between the formations, the temporal hiatus between them must have been short. The results are a showcase of the potential of megafans for hosting major deep freshwater aquifers.
Using MPD Well Design Process to Optimize Design and Delivery of a Deepwater Exploration Well
Authors: Moghazy Sharief , Gaviria Wilmer , Van Noort Roger , Kozlov Anton , Gonzalez Luis Romar Alexandra , Gabaldon Oscar , Hester Clayton 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to present a case where a Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and an MPD Well Design process was used to design and drill a deepwater exploration well with an expected pressure ramp and narrow drilling margins while acquiring valuable subsurface data. The expected pressure ramp and narrow drilling margins combined with the uncertainty of subsurface data presented significant challenges to the well design team. Based on previous experience in the region, reaching well TD safely and efficiently using conventional drilling methods was predicted to be challenging. The MPD Well Design process enabled MPD techniques, including constant bottom hole pressure and dynamic influx management, to be integrated into well design process. MPD was also identified as a critical tool to collect dynamic pressure data and help reduce overpressure uncertainty. The drilling program, rig specific operations, and contingency procedures were developed accordingly. MPD was used to successfully drill through a pore pressure ramp and address a well control event in conjunction with conventional methods. MPD was also an enabler to optimize the location of the casing/liner shoes by identifying the pressure profile based on real-time pore pressure data. This feature was a key advantage to drilling deeper than planned and resulted in effectively saving one casing string. The proposed well design included five casing/liners, with potential for two contingencies. With the implementation of MPD, the actual well was drilled with four casings/liners to a deeper TD and met all evaluation objectives under budget. This paper presents a case for using MPD and the MPD Well Design process and its full capabilities to optimize all aspects of a well delivery process, including well design, safety, and subsurface data acquisition.
Floating Mud Cap Drilling with Sandwich System Application in Indonesia Development Well
Authors: Noviaris Ahmad Burhan , Syarif Mustafa , Murdiansyah Warnandes Ambar , Pramono Reza Yudha , Nugroho Sapto Edi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Pertamina EP with North Kedung Tuban structure is located in East Java Indonesia. The drilling target is to produce gas from "Kujung" carbonate formation. The characteristic of this carbonate are vugular rock which caused total loss circulation, contain high concentration H2S and 20% CO2. Conventional curing loss methods such pump Lost Circulation Material (LCM) with various type, carbonate cementing and blind drilling, were not the good option since after loss circulation occur, gas kick immediately come up.
To encounter this situation, Floating Mud Cap Drilling (FMCD) technique with sandwich system was applied. This method used Rotating Control Device (RCD) as surface barrier and multiple treating line tied to the annulus casing valve to pump down sandwich. While blind drilling performed, water pumped down through drill string and sandwich system fluid pumped through annulus. Sandwich is a combination of water + kill mud + water and so on. Volume, Kill Mud Weight and time delay for pumping were obtained from previous well data and observations until effective parameters were obtained during blind drilling.
Sandwich fluid purposed as hydro static barrier to overcome gas influx come up to surface during blind drilling. To help good hole cleaning, high viscosity mud pumped frequently through drill string. When TD reached, sandwich system continue applied until BHA pulled inside casing. To accommodate tripping inside casing, change of RCD rubber element and RIH completion string, Downhole Casing Valve is attached in previous casing as mechanical barrier. As a result, the well completed with no gas kick occur while blind drilling and completion string placed as purposed accordingly. Furthermore, good communication between all personnel involved are necessary.
This paper contains the Lesson Learned of FMCD application which is effective and efficient proven in NKT-001 and NKT-001TW well, with the drilling time and cost of hole section 8-1/2" 80% lower than conventional methods.