bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmasking Anxiety in Autism: Explicit and Implicit Threat Dissociate Amygdala-centered Functional Connectivity
Authors: Chen Yu-Chun , Chen Chenyi , Liu Chia-Chien , Martínez Róger Marcelo , Fan Yang-Tang , Cheng Yawei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Anxiety is the most prevalent comorbidity in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Amygdala reactivity to explicit and implicit threat processing offers a platform to assess anxiety. The neural mechanisms underlying the link between anxiety and ASD remains elusive.Methods In this fMRI study, we recruited young adults with ASD (N = 31) and matched them with controls, then proceeded to assess their autistic and anxiety traits by the use of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), respectively; and scanned their amygdala reactivity in response to explicit and implicit (backward masking) perception of threatening faces.Results As compared to controls, the amygdala reactivity in ASD subjects was significantly reduced to explicit threat, but comparable to implicit threat. The correlations of the amygdala reactivity with the AQ and STAI-S were dissociated depending on threat processing (explicit or implicit). Furthermore, the amygdala in ASD relative to controls had a more negative functional connectivity with the superior parietal cortex, fusiform gyrus, and hippocampus for explicit threat, whereas a more positive connectivity with the medial prefrontal cortex, temporal pole, and hippocampus for implicit threat.Conclusion In ASD, the transmission of socially relevant information along dorsal and ventral neural pathways centered on the amygdala is dissociated depending on explicit and implicit threat processing. This dissociation, ascribed to their failure to compromise pre-existing hyperarousal, might contribute to anxiety in ASD.
Development of a novel method for the quantification of tyrosine 39 phosphorylated alpha-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Na Chan Hyun , Sathe Gajanan , Rosenthal Liana S. , Moghekar Abhay R. , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Biomarkers that can help monitor the progression of PD or response to disease-modifying agents will be invaluable in making appropriate therapeutic decisions. Further, biomarkers that could be used to distinguish PD from other related disorders with PD-like symptoms will be useful for accurate diagnosis and treatment. C-Abl tyrosine kinase is activated in PD resulting in increased phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue at position 39 of a-synuclein (a-syn) (pY39 a-syn), which contributes to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Because pY39a-syn may be pathogenic, monitoring pY39 a-syn could allow us to diagnose presymptomatic PD and help monitor disease progression and response to treatment. We sought to investigate if increased phosphorylation of pY39 a-syn can be detected in the CSF of PD patients by targeted mass spectrometry. Methods: Here, we report a two-step enrichment method in which phosphotyrosine peptides including pY39 a-syn containing peptide were first enriched with an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody followed by a second round of enrichment by titanium oxide (TiO2) beads. Accurate quantification was achieved by the addition of a synthetic heavy version of pY39 a-syn peptide added before enzymatic digestion. Results: Using the developed enrichment methods and optimized parallel reaction monitoring assays, we detected pY39 a-syn peptide in human CSF and demonstrate that the ratio of pY39 a-syn to total a-syn was significantly increased in the CSF of patients with PD. Conclusions: We anticipate that this optimized two-step enrichment-based PRM detection method will help monitor c-Abl activation in PD patients and can also be used to quantify other phosphotyrosine peptides of low abundance in biological samples.
A behavioral economic intervention to increase psychiatrist adherence to tobacco treatment guidelines: a provider-randomized study protocol
Authors: Rogers Erin , Wysota Christina , Prochaska Judith J. , Tenner Craig , Dognin Joanna , Wang Binhuan , Sherman Scott E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background People with a psychiatric diagnosis smoke at high rates, yet are rarely treated for tobacco use. Health care systems often use a ‘no treatment’ default for tobacco, such that providers must actively choose (opt-in) to treat their patients who express interest in quitting. Default bias theory suggests that opt-in systems may reinforce the status quo to not treat tobacco use in psychiatry. We aim to conduct a pilot study testing an opt-out system for implementing a 3A’s (ask, advise, assist) tobacco treatment model in outpatient psychiatry. Methods We will use a mixed-methods, cluster-randomized study design. We will implement a tobacco use clinical reminder for outpatient psychiatrists at the VA New York Harbor Healthcare System. Psychiatrists (N = 20) will be randomized 1:1 to one of two groups: (1) Opt-In Treatment Approach: Psychiatrists will receive a reminder that encourages them to offer cessation medications and referral to cessation counseling; or (2) Opt-Out Treatment Approach: Psychiatrists will receive a clinical reminder that includes a standing cessation medication order and a referral to cessation counseling that will automatically generate unless the provider cancels. Prior to implementation of the reminders, we will hold a 1-hour training on tobacco treatment for psychiatrists in both arms. We will use VA administrative data to calculate the study’s primary outcomes: 1) the percent of smokers prescribed a cessation medication and 2) the percent of smokers referred to counseling. During the intervention period, we will also conduct post-visit surveys with a cluster sample of 400 patients (20 per psychiatrist) to assess psychiatrist fidelity to the 3 A’s approach and patient perceptions of the opt-out system. At six months, we will survey the clustered patient sample again to evaluate the study’s secondary outcomes: 1) patient use of cessation treatment in the prior 6 months and 2) self-reported 7-day abstinence at 6 months. At the end of the intervention period, we will conduct semi-structured interviews with 12-14 psychiatrists asking about their perceptions of the opt-out approach. Discussion This study will produce important data on the potential of opt-out systems to overcome barriers in implementing tobacco use treatment in outpatient psychiatry.
High endemicity of Clonorchis sinensis infection in Binyang County, southern China
Authors: Sun Junling , Xin Hualei , Jiang Zhihua , Qian Menbao , Duan Kaixia , Chen Yingdan , Li Shizhu , Li Wei , Huang Shiyong , Gan Xiaoqin , Yang Yichao , Li Zhongjie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundHigh-intensity clonorchiasis infection is associated with serious outcomes, even cancers. Understanding the infection intensity of Clonorchis sinensis and the impact factors in local endemic regions would facilitate effective control measures. Methods In a county located in a highly endemic area in Guangxi Province, P. R. China, local residents were randomly enrolled in the study; helminth egg examinations were performed with the Kato-Katz method, and the intensity of infection was identified as mild, moderate or heavy. Knowledge, attitudes, and high-risk behaviours were investigated among those infected with Clonorchis sinensis . Results A total of 2521 local residents participated in this study, and the Clonorchis sinensis infection proportion was 28.9% (728 persons). Among the infected persons, the percentages of mild, moderate and heavy infections were 66.2%, 28.4% and 5.4%, respectively. Males experienced a higher proportion of moderate and heavy infections (37.5%) than females (18.1%) (p<0.05). The highest infection proportion among the different levels of infection intensity was identified among persons aged 30-59 years (15.7% for moderate and heavy infections). Among the 509 persons who reported eating raw fish, 302 persons (59.3%) had eaten raw fresh fish for more than 10 years, and 131 (25.7%) persons ate raw fish ≥12 times a year. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that eating raw fish 12-50 times in the last year (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.09-2.80) and eating raw fish >50 times in the last year (aOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.20-7.50) were risk factors of higher infection intensity (moderate and heavy). Conclusions The overall infection proportion was high in the study area, with a large group of residents experiencing high-intensity infections. Intervention strategies should be implemented with people with a high frequency of raw fish consumption to reduce the probability of severe consequences.
Gut Microbiota Related to Fiber Digestibility were Identified by Variation of Apparent Fiber Digestibility in Chinese Suhuai pig
Authors: Niu Qing , Pu Guang , Fan Lijuan , Gao Chen , Wang Huan , Lan Tingxu , Liu Chenxi , Wang Binbin , Ma Xiang , Du Taoran , Kim Sung Woo , Niu Peipei , Zhang Zongping , Li Qiang , Li Pinghua , Huang Ruihua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Dietary fiber plays an important role in porcine gut health and welfare. Fiber mainly degraded by the gut microbiota, whereas most gut microbiota related to fiber digestibility of pigs are still unidentified. To reveal gut microbiota associated with apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), apparent NDF, ADF digestibility of 274 Suhuai female finishing pigs at the age of 160 days were measured. The gut microbiota of Suhuai pigs were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Results: Large phenotypic variations in apparent NDF and ADF digestibility were separately found among Suhuai pigs. The coefficient of variation of NDF and ADF digestibility was 12.08% and 18.08%, respectively. The mean values of digestibility of H-NDF and H-ADF groups were 30.20% and 33.76% more than those of the L-NDF and L-ADF groups (P＜0.01), respectively. A total of 927 and 935 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were confirmed from two types of fecal samples,respectively. There were14 phyla in all samples and the abundances of Spirochaetae, Bacteroidetes and unclassified_k__norank were significantly different between H-NDF and L-NDF groups (P＜0.05) and the abundances of Spirochaetae, Verrucomicrobia, unclassified_k__norank and Fibrobactere were significantly different between H-ADF and L-ADF group (P＜0.05).A total of 188, 183, 188 and 185 genera were separately identified in H-NDF, L-NDF, H-ADF and L-ADF groups, while 6, 1, 5 and 2 genera were separately specific to H-NDF, L-NDF, H-ADF and L-ADF groups. The microbiota of H-NDF and H-ADF clustered separately from the microbiota of the L-NDF and L-ADF along principal coordinate 1, respectively. Compared with L-NDF group, 29 genera were found to be potential biomarkers in H-NDF group. Compared with L-ADF group, 23 genera were found to be potential biomarkers in H-ADF group. The most important functions and metabolic pathways of the above potential biomarkers included carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Conclusions: Microbial community structures were significantly different between high and low fiber digestibility groups. Twenty nine and 23 genera were found to be potential biomarkers in H-NDF and H-ADF group, respectively. The biomarkers may be the key functional microbiota related to apparent fiber digestibility.
Exploring the role of transtibial prosthetic use in Deep Tissue Injury development: A scoping review
Authors: Author) Marisa Graser(Former Corresponding , Day Sarah , Author) Arjan Buis(New Corresponding 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The soft tissue of the residual limb in transtibial prosthetic users encounters unique biomechanical challenges. Although not intended to tolerate high loads and deformation, it becomes a weight-bearing structure within the residuum-prosthesis-complex. Consequently, deep soft tissue layers may be damaged, resulting in Deep Tissue Injury (DTI). Whilst considerable effort has gone into DTI research on immobilised individuals, only little is known about the aetiology and population-specific risk factors in amputees. This scoping review maps out and critically appraises existing research on DTI in lower-limb prosthetic users according to (1) the population-specific aetiology, (2) risk factors, and (3) methodologies to investigate both. Results: A systematic search within the databases Pubmed, Ovid Excerpta Medica, and Scopus identified 16 English-language studies. The results indicate that prosthetic users may be at risk for DTI during various loading scenarios. This is influenced by individual surgical, morphological, and physiological determinants, as well as the choice of prosthetic componentry. However, methodological limitations, high inter-patient variability, and small sample sizes complicate the interpretation of outcome measures. Additionally, fundamental research on cell and tissue reactions to dynamic loading and on prosthesis-induced alterations of the vascular and lymphatic supply is missing. Conclusion: We therefore recommend increased interdisciplinary research endeavours with a focus on prosthesis-related experimental design to widen our understanding of DTI. The results have the potential to initiate much-needed clinical advances in surgical and prosthetic practice and inform future pressure ulcer classifications and guidelines.
What has been the progress in addressing financial risk in Uganda? Analysis of catastrophe and impoverishment due to health payments
Authors: Kwesiga Brendan , Aliti Tom , Kakande Pamela Nabukhonzo , Byawaka Peter , Najjuko Susan , Hsu Justine , Ataguba John , Kabaniha Grace 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Monitoring progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) requires an assessment of progress in coverage of health services and protection of households from the impact of direct out-of-pocket payments (i.e. financial risk protection). Although Uganda has expressed aspirations for attaining UHC, out-of-pocket payments remain a major contributor to total health expenditure. The aim of this study is to monitor progress in financial risk protection in Uganda. Methods: This study uses data from the Uganda National Household Surveys for 2005/06, 2009/10, 2012/13 and 2016/17. We measure financial risk protection using catastrophic health care payments and impoverishment indicators. Health care payments are catastrophic if they exceed a set threshold (i.e. 10% and 25%) of the budget share of total household consumption expenditure. Health payments are impoverishing if they push the household below; the poverty line (using the US$1.90/day and Uganda’s national poverty lines). Logistic regression model is used to assess factors associated with household financial risk.Results: The results show that while progress has been made in reducing financial risk, this progress remains minimal and there is still a risk of reversal of this trend. We find that although catastrophic health payments at the 10% threshold decreased from 22.4% in 2005/06 to 13.8% in 2012/13, it increased to 14.2% in 2016/17. The percentage of Ugandans pushed below the poverty line (US$1.90/day) has decreased from 5.2% in 2005/06 to 2.7% in 2016/17. We show that the distribution of both catastrophic health payments and impoverishment varies across socio-economic status, location and residence. In addition, household characteristics (poverty, having a child below 5 years and an adult above 60 years) are more associated with households lacking financial risk protection. Conclusion: To address the lack of financial risk protection, there is need for interventions aimed at reducing out-of-pocket payments especially among those most affected. In short term, it is important to ensure that there is increased funding for publicly financed services to enable effective coverage with quality health care. In the medium term, introducing mandatory prepayment through health insurance will further reduce the burden due to household expenditure.
Integrate analysis and identification for different expression genes in chondrogenesis
Authors: Liu Keda , Cao Nanjue , Zhu Yuhe , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: The intricate mechanisms of articular chondrogenesis are largely unknown. Gradually, with the help of high-throughput platforms, microarrays have become an important and useful method to testify hub genes in desease. Today, advanced bioinformatic analysis of available microarray data can provide more reliable and accurate screening results by duplicating related data sets. Results: Microarray datasets GSE9451 and GSE104113 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed, and function enrichment analyses were demonstrated. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed by using STRING and Cytoscape. Quantitative PCR was used to confirm the results of bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: Compared to individual studies, this study can provide extra reliable and accurate screening results by duplicating relevant records. Additional molecular experiments are required to confirm the discovery of candidate genes identified by chondrogenesis. S100A4 is predicted to integrate with miR-325-3p to promote osteogenesis.
Biodegradation of alkali lignin by Bacillus flexus RMWW II: analyzing performance for abatement of rice mill wastewater
Authors: Kumar Anuj , Priyadarshinee Rashmi , Singha Subhajit , Sengupta Bratin , Roy Abhishek , Dasgupta Dalia , Mandal Tamal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A potential bacterium Bacillus flexus RMWW II has been isolated from rice mill effluent, and examined for its decolorizing potential for lignin-mimicking dyes. The biodegradation of alkali lignin by the rod-shaped, Gram-positive, oxidase and catalase-positive Bacillus flexus RMWW II bacteria is due to its uptake of lignin as the sole carbon source. The lignin degradation was 100% at a lignin concentration of 50 mg L−1 but the degradation reduced to 20% at 400 mg L−1. The bacterial-mediated biodegradation of alkali lignin was suitably explained by the Edward kinetics model with a maximal specific biodegradation rate (qmax) of 0.056 h−1 and true specific biodegradation rate (q*) of 0.042 h−1. The non-toxic nature of the metabolites of alkali lignin after bacterial degradation was illustrated by phytotoxicity studies. This bacterium was utilized to treat complex rice mill wastewater, as lignin is one of the major components of the effluent. A considerable reduction of 84% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was observed in a batch reactor in 70 h of operation. The bacterial treatment results for the actual rice mill effluent indicate that Bacillus flexus RMWW II could be a promising agent for microbial remediation of lignin-laden raw rice mill wastewater.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Secreted from Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Inhibits Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts
Authors: Ma Ji , Yan Xin , Lin Yue , Tan Qian 
Published: January 2020

Aims:To study the effect of Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on fibrosis of hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSFs) and its concrete mechanism. Background: ADSCs have been reported to reduce collagen production and fibroblast proliferation in co-culture experiments. Conditioned medium from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-CM) has successfully inhibited fibrosis by decreasing the expression of collagen type І (Col1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in rabbit ear scar models. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the primary growth factor in ADSCs-CM, has been shown to reverse fibrosis in various fibrotic diseases.Background:ADSCs have been reported to reduce collagen production and fibroblast proliferation in co-culture experiments. Conditioned medium from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-CM) has successfully inhibited fibrosis by decreasing the expression of collagen type І (Col1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in rabbit ear scar models. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the primary growth factor in ADSCs-CM, has been shown to reverse fibrosis in various fibrotic diseases.Objective:To test the hypothesis that ADSCs inhibit fibrosis of HSFs through the secretion of HGF.Methods:HSFs were treated with DMEM containing 0%, 10%, 50% and 100% concentration of ADSCs-CM. The effect of ADSCs-CM on the viability was determined by cell viability assay, and the collagen production in HSFs was examined by Sirius red staining. Expression and secretion of fibrosis and degradation proteins were detected separately. After measuring the concentration of HGF in ADSCs-CM, the same number of HSFs were treated with 50% ADSCs-CM or HGF. HGF activity in ADSCs-CM was neutralized with a goat anti-human HGF antibody.Results:The results demonstrated that ADSCs-CM dose-dependently decreased cell viability, expression of fibrosis molecules, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in HSFs. Collagen production and the ratio of collagen type І and type III (Col1/Col3) were also suppressed by ADSCs-CM in a dose-dependent manner. When HSFs were cultured with either 50% ADSCs-CM or HGF (1 ng/ml), a similar trend was observed in gene expression and protein secretion. Adding an HGF antibody to both groups returned protein expression and secretion to basal levels but did not significantly affect the fibrosis factors in the control group.Conclusion:Our findings revealed that adipose-derived stem cell-secreted HGF effectively inhibits fibrosis-related factors and regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts.
In SilicoStudy of 1, 4 Alpha Glucan Branching Enzyme and Substrate Docking Studies
Authors: Kargar Farzane , Savardashtaki Amir , Mortazavi Mojtaba , Mahani Masoud Torkzadeh , Amani Ali Mohammad , Ghasemi Younes , Nezafat Navid 
Published: January 2020

Background:The 1,4-alpha-glucan branching protein (GlgB) plays an important role in the glycogen biosynthesis and the deficiency in this enzyme has resulted in Glycogen storage disease and accumulation of an amylopectin-like polysaccharide. Consequently, this enzyme was considered a special topic in clinical and biotechnological research. One of the newly introduced GlgB belongs to the Neisseria sp. HMSC071A01 (Ref.Seq. WP_049335546). For in silico analysis, the 3D molecular modeling of this enzyme was conducted in the I-TASSER web server.Methods:For a better evaluation, the important characteristics of this enzyme such as functional properties, metabolic pathway and activity were investigated in the TargetP software. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree and secondary structure of this enzyme were studied by Mafft and Prabi software, respectively. Finally, the binding site properties (the maltoheptaose as substrate) were studied using the AutoDock Vina.Results:By drawing the phylogenetic tree, the closest species were the taxonomic group of Betaproteobacteria. The results showed that the structure of this enzyme had 34.45% of the alpha helix and 45.45% of the random coil. Our analysis predicted that this enzyme has a potential signal peptide in the protein sequence.Conclusion:By these analyses, a new understanding was developed related to the sequence and structure of this enzyme. Our findings can further be used in some fields of clinical and industrial biotechnology.