bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining inequality in trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered in primary care: critique and reanalysis of Cochrane reviews
Authors: Birch Jack Michael , Dambha-Miller Hajira , Griffin Simon J , Hutton Gráinne B , Kelly Michael P , Kinmonth Ann Louise 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic disease and premature mortality. Its effects are socially patterned. Observational studies show that low socioeconomic status [SES] is associated with higher smoking prevalence and lower cessation rates. Interventions in primary care may improve or exacerbate health inequalities depending on socioeconomic patterning of access and uptake. Data on the impact of trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered in primary care on health inequalities by SES have not been synthesised. Aims To examine the impact of smoking cessation interventions delivered in primary care on inequalities in health by socioeconomic status. Methods We searched the Cochrane database of systematic reviews from inception until June 2019. We included reviews of trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered in primary care and published in English. Findings We identified eight Cochrane reviews (413 studies). Eighty five studies included an intervention delivered in primary care. Interventions were: behavioural, (very) brief advice, and pharmacological (including nicotine replacement therapy). Full texts were accessed for 70 studies; 17 reported an SES measure. Two studies targeted low-SES groups. There was heterogeneity in SES measures used across the studies, which included household income, occupational level and social class. Three studies analysed SES as a predictor of effectiveness of the smoking cessation intervention; none found effectiveness differed by SES. Implications This summary and critique of Cochrane reviews demonstrates that trials of smoking cessation interventions delivered in primary care are not designed to allow analysis of effects by measures of SES. Studies rarely reported SES of participants at baseline and hardly ever as a predictor of smoking cessation. Our work highlights the need for routine reporting of SES amongst trials and greater consensus in included measures. Consistent reporting of a core set of SES indicators will enable testing of similarities between trial groups and differential effects by SES.
Epidemic of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outside of Wuhan, China
Authors: Song Xuan , Liu Xinyan , Wang Chunting 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019. Beside from Hubei Province, no large-scale epidemiological data are available. The purpose of the study is to investigate the epidemiology of the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Shandong province, China. Methods Data were obtained from the Epidemic Daily Report Network. Confirmed patients and suspected cases in Shandong were included in the analysis. Data including age, sex, address, time of disease onset, time of diagnosis, and sources of transmission were collected. Results By February 13 th , 2020, 518 patients in Shandong province were formally confirmed with COVID-19 with an additional 78 suspected. Most of the confirmed patients were young or middle-aged (mean: 42.6 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.26:1. Among the 596 patients, 29.2% had a history of traveling in Hubei within 14 days. There were 99 cluster outbreaks and 5.23 cases were transmitted by one cluster outbreak. Among the confirmed patients, 17 patients (3.3%) had critical pneumonia, 36 (6.9%) had severe pneumonia and no deaths reported. Conclusions Considering the collective confirmed and suspected cases of SARS-Cov-2 in Shandong by February 13 th , 2020, males and the young and middle-aged populations were more frequently affected by the virus, which was most commonly transmitted through cluster outbreaks. Since the initial case of SARS-Cov-2 was identified, the onset-diagnosis delay was reduced with time.
Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in the dental setting: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chinnasamy Alagesan , Moodie Marjory 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background With the close link between Diabetes Mellitus (DM)and periodontal disease dentists have an unrealized opportunity to make a chance discovery of a patient’s medical condition. Unlike in the medical setting, information on the Point-of-Care (PoC), opportunistic screening for DM in the dental setting is limited. To make a reliable estimate on the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes among dental patients in the dental setting and to assist healthcare planners in making an informed decision, information on the disease frequency and strategies employed to address this issue are of paramount importance . As such, the objectives of this study is to summarize the data on the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and pre-diabetes amongst dental patients and further explore the effectiveness of the PoC screening and its implication for use in the dental setting. Methods A MEDLINE – PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane library search was conducted with no time specification. Information on study characteristics and diagnostic parameters were retrieved for metaanalysis. All the studies were assessed for methodological quality using the QUADAS 2 tool. Proportions were presented in tables and Forrest plots. All statistical analysis was performed using the Medcalc software. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The proportion of dental patients identified to be at risk of hyperglycaemia with the PoC screening using random blood glucose, and glycated haemoglobin was 32.47% and 40.10%, whilst the estimated proportion with undiagnosed T2DM and pre-diabetes was identified as 11.23% and 47.38%. Conclusion A significant proportion of dental patient can be identified as undiagnosed T2DM and prediabetes. Targeted opportunistic screening is a feasible approach and can help reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and pre-diabetes.
Worldwide Experienced Policy and Management Interventions in Preventing and Controlling Water Pipe Smoking
Authors: Babaie Javad , Doshmangir Leila , Abdollahi Gholamreza , New Ayat Ahmadi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: A review is carried out to identify management and policy interventions affecting preventing and controlling Water Pipe Smoking (WPS) worldwide. Methods: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, and Ovid from 1990 to August 2018 were reviewed through a literature review process. Primary studies reported at least one intervention in preventing and controlling WPS. The surveyed studies were independently checked by two investigators and quality appraised, and relevant data were extracted. Results: Out of 4343 retrieved records from the databases, 2228 records were screened, and 38 studies were selected as the main corpus of the study. The interventions identified from the content analysis process were placed in two main categories, namely management and policy interventions. The category of management interventions was related to the prevention and control measures of WPS. The category of policy interventions focused on the enactment and implementation of legislatives and policies to control WPS in national and international levels. Most interventions focused on school-based education and lack of proper interventions in WP industry. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that governments are ignorant of this important social and health crisis, and very few measures have been taken to control WPS. Informed interventions, especially among school-based and adolescents can lead to promising results in preventing and controlling WPS. There is a need to develop and design WP-specific evidence-based interventions.
Risk and protective factors of alcohol consumption among students of Varaždin County: a cross- sectional analysis
Authors: Posavec Jelena Šarić , Pavlič Danica Rotar , Kralik Kristina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Because of its availability, alcohol has become one of the most abundant substances among young people. It is the teenage age of young people who experiment with alcohol. The Varazdin environment is proverbially considered an area where alcoholic beverages are heavily consumed by the population. This study explored the views of alcohol consumption among high school students. The authors have determined which are risk and protective factors associated with the consumption of alcohol among students. Methods: The sample included students of the entire generation of the third year of high school in Varaždin County (n= 1352). In the bivariate analysis, we used an independent test t-test and a chi-square. In the multivariate analysis, we used logistic regression. Results: 92.4% of students have already consumed alcoholic beverages in their lifetime. We found that most alcohol was consumed by vocational school students, followed by gymnasium students and medical school students. If both the father and mother are tougher and if the mother is more determined, the student will be less likely to enjoy alcohol. The strongest factor affecting alcohol consumption is the presence of alcohol in the father (rarely and often). Conclusions: For the first time, the medical school was included in the study, and the results showed a surprisingly high alcohol consumption among these students. In the study, we also proved that psychosocial factors have the greatest influence on alcohol consumption among students.It is important to strive to maintain healthy family relationships, communication, and family support, as well as to provide a better quality of leisure time. It is also necessary to encourage the development of prevention and education programs in schools.
Proteome analysis of lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Zhou Xianqing , Lin Hua , Zhang Ruohan , Sui Weiguo , Zhang Yue , Chen Jiejing , Xue Wen , Yan Qiang , Li Chunhong , Xu Huixuan , Huang Shaoying , Dai Werer , Tang Donge , Dai Yong 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, the pathogenic mechanism is related to many factors, but the specific pathogenic mechanism has not been clarified yet. Protein lysine modifications play important roles in gene regulation, transcription, metabolism and other biological processes. The lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation(K hib ) histone mark has recently been discovered as a novel protein modification. In this study, patients in the active SLE group were examined (N=8), while the control group was healthy (N=20).Utilizing antibody-based affinity enrichment and nano-HPLC/MS/MS analyses of K hib peptides, we identified 156 upregulated proteins(fold change>1.5),124 downregulated proteins(fold change<1/1.5), including 220 K hib sites that were upregulated and 187 K hib sites that were downregulated. Our data demonstrate that proteins with K hib sites were localized in the cytoplasm. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that proteins with K hib sites are broadly involved in a wide range of biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. The 03010 Ribosome pathways may exert important influence on the SLE pathogenic mechanism, according to a KEGG analysis. The functional analysis of K hib is of value for important future investigations of SLE pathogenesis.
Role of the stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene in regulating palmitic acid tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes
Authors: Tang Bincheng , Qiu Jia min , HU Shen qiang , Li Liang , Wang Ji wen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundUnlike mammals, goose fatty liver shows a strong tolerance to fatty acids without obvious injury. Stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) serves crucial role in desaturation of saturated fatty acids (SAFs), but its role in the SAFs tolerance of goose hepatocytes has not been reported. This study was conducted to explore the role of SCD1 in regulating palmitic acid tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes.MethodsTo evaluate the palmitic acid tolerance of cultured hepatocytes, MTT was examined to reflect the effect of palmitic acid on cell viability, and quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of several genes related to ER stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and the role of SCD1 in palmitic acid tolerance of goose hepatocytes was explored using RNA interfere.ResultsOur results indicated that goose hepatocytes exhibited a higher tolerant capacity to palmitic acid than human hepatic cell line (LO2 cells). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of fatty acid desaturation-related genes (SCD1 and FADS2) and fatty acid elongate enzyme-related gene (ELOVL6) were significantly upregulated in goose primary hepatocytes treated with 0.6 mM palmitic acid. However, in cultured LO2 cells, expression of ER stress-related genes (XBP, BIP and ATF6), inflammatory response-related genes (IL-6, IL-1β and IFN-γ) and apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9) was significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.6 mM palmitic acid. Additionally, siRNA-mediated downregulation of SCD1 significantly reduced the palmitic acid tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes under the treatment of 0.6 mM palmitic acid; meanwhile, the mRNA expression of inflammatory-related genes (IL-6 and IL-1β) and several key genes involved in the PI3K/AKT, FoxO1, mTOR and AMPK pathways (AKT1, AKT2, FOXO1 and SIRT1), as well as the protein expression of cytochrome C and the apoptosis rate were also upregulated.ConclusionIn conclusion, our data suggested that SCD1 is involved in enhancing the palmitic acid tolerance of goose primary hepatocytes by regulating inflammation- and apoptosis-related genes expression.
Tooth loss in patients undergoing long-term maintenance at a private dental clinic in Japan: A retrospective study
Authors: Kawahara Hiroo , Inoue Miho , Okura Kazuo , Oshima Masamitsu , Matsuka Yoshizo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tooth loss is generally considered the final outcome of oral disease. This retrospective study was performed to identify risk factors for tooth loss in patients undergoing long-term maintenance therapy. Methods: We surveyed 1145 adult patients who underwent maintenance therapy for ≥5 years after they had undergone active treatment from January 2015 to December 2016 and established a baseline status. The study variables were patient compliance, sex, number of teeth lost, cause of tooth loss, age at start of maintenance, number of remaining teeth at start of maintenance, duration of maintenance, smoking status, use of salivary secretion inhibitors, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, 57 patients who did not undergo maintenance therapy were surveyed to examine and compare the effects of maintenance therapy. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the correlation of each variable with tooth loss. Results: The average number of teeth lost under maintenance therapy was 0.07/year. Significantly fewer teeth were lost in the maintenance than non-maintenance group. Most of the teeth lost were non-vital teeth, and the most common cause of tooth loss was tooth fracture. Patient age, number of remaining teeth at start of maintenance, use of salivary secretion inhibitors, and diabetes mellitus were related to tooth loss. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is first large-scale study of tooth loss in patients undergoing long-term maintenance therapy within a general dental clinic. Our findings demonstrate that starting maintenance therapy when patients are younger and possess more teeth may prevent future tooth loss.
Immune Epitope Map of the Reported Protein Sequences of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Guevarra Leonardo A. , Ulanday Gianne Eduard L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Identifying immunogenic sequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins is important in developing epitope-based vaccine and diagnostics. This step is critical in designing potent vaccines and highly specific diagnostic tools which can help prevent the spread of this disease. In this study, we identified, using in silico analysis tools, immunogenic epitopes of the reported sequences of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and determined similar sequences with known viral proteins. The amino acid sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins were acquired from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. B-cell epitope prediction was done using in silico analysis tools available at the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resources (IEDB). Blastp was performed on the identified immunogenic sequences to determine similarities with known viral proteins and deduce possible locations in the coronavirus. We were able to identify B-cell epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein, surface glycoprotein, envelop, membrane glycoprotein, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, orf3, orf7a and orf8. No epitope was identified in orf6 and orf10. High similarities of the predicted immunogenic epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 were observed with the 2003 SARS-CoV. However, unique epitopes were identified in non-structural proteins (NSP) 1 and 3 and surface glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2.
WITHDRAWN: The effect of crystallization level of silica nanoparticles on cell proliferation of MRC-5 cell line and its prediction using artificial neural network
Authors: Abbasi Fariba , Samaei Mohammad Reza , Hashemi Hassan , Savardashtaki Amir , Azhdarpoor Abolfazl , Fallahi Mohammad Javad , jalili mahrokh , Billet Sylvain 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study investigated the effect of the level of silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) crystallization on the cell proliferation of MRC-5 cells and its prediction using an artificial neural network (ANN).Methods: Variables studied included temperature (70-1000°C), calcination time (2, 12 and 24 hours), and catalyst feed rate (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1mL/min). Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT test after 24 hours of exposure, and results were analyzed using the t-test in MATLAB.Results: the synthesized particles size was less than 50nm, and the XRD peak varied from 30 to 21° during the increase in calcination temperature. The maximum level of crystallization was at 800°C (58% relative to amorphous) with the lowest cell viability. Cell proliferation decreased with increasing concentration of nanoparticles (p<0.05) and increasing feed rate. There was also a positive relationship between increased crystallization and decreased cell proliferation (R2=0.78), but no such association was observed for calcination time. Cell proliferation of MRC-5 was slightly correlated with the linear regression model (MSE>0.12), while ANN was well predicted by the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The suggested structure in this study was 4:10:1 with R2all=0.97, R2test=0.97, RMSE=0.25 and MSE=0.003. The correlation between laboratory results and ANN prediction was 0.94, and the minimum and maximum OD level in the laboratory data and predicted ANN were attributed to 20 and 13 runs.Conclusion: changes in the degree of crystallization of SiO2NPs, an increase in concentration, and the rate of catalyst feed during crystallization of SiO2NPs were practical factors in increasing cytotoxicity.
Multi-omics study of keystone species in the cystic fibrosis lung microbiome
Authors: Silveira Cynthia , Cobian-Guemes Ana Georgina , Uranga Carla , Baker Jonathon , Edlund Anna , Rohwer Forest , Conrad Douglas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Ecological networking and in vitro studies have predicted that anaerobic, mucus-degrading bacteria are keystone species in cystic fibrosis (CF) microbiomes by sustaining the growth of canonical CF pathogens. Here, a multi-omics approach was deployed to test this hypothesis in vivo and in real time during a transition in antibiotic therapy of a CF patient with a hypervariable lung function phenotype . Results: Quantitative meta-omics and community culturing demonstrated that the use of a non-traditional clindamycin therapy targeting gram-positives and gram-negative anaerobes re-structured the entire CF microbial community. During rapid lung function loss, when the patient was off antibiotics, the microbial community was dominated by anaerobic mucus-degrading Streptococcus sp., Veilonella sp., and Prevotella sp. that produced fermentation gas and led to the accumulation of fermentation products in sputum. The rise of anaerobes was followed within 6 days by an increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcripts encoding the acquisition of fermentation products from anaerobes and the production of virulence factors. The initiation of clindamycin treatment reduced the fermentation and the abundance of anaerobes. Clindamycin also lowered the abundance and transcription of P. aeruginosa, which is resistant to this antibiotic. The treatment stabilized the patient’s lung function and improved respiratory health for two months, lengthening by a factor of four the between-hospitalization time for this patient. Conclusions: The results presented here show that killing anaerobes, the weakest link in the community in terms of antibiotic resistance, effectively limited the growth of classic CF pathogen by disrupting community cross-feeding. The role that anaerobic, mucus-degrading bacteria played in structuring the CF microbiome corroborates in vivo their position as keystone bacteria, with high impact on community function despite lower relative abundances.
The host cellular protein Ndufaf4 interacts with the vesicular stomatitis virus M protein and affects viral propagation
Authors: Pan Wei , Wang Hongmei , He Hongbin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an archetypal member of Mononegavirales which causes important diseases in cattle, horses and pigs. The matrix protein (M) of VSV plays critical roles in the replication, assembly/budding and pathogenesis of VSV. To further investigate the role of M during viral growth, we used a two-hybrid system to screen for host factors that interact with the M protein.Results: Here, NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex assembly factor 4 (Ndufaf4) was identified as an M-binding partner, and this interaction was confirmed by yeast cotransformation and GST pulldown assays. The globular domain of M was mapped and shown to be critical for the M-Ndufaf4 interaction. Two double mutations (E156A/H157A, D180A/E181A) in M impaired the M-Ndufaf4 interaction. Overexpression of Ndufaf4 inhibited VSV propagation, and knockdown of Ndufaf4 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) markedly promoted VSV replication. Finally, we also demonstrate that the anti-VSV effect of Ndufaf4 is independent of activation of the type I IFN response. These results indicated that Ndufaf4 might exploit other mechanisms to affect VSV replication.Conclusions: In summary, we identify Ndufaf4 as a potential target for the inhibition of VSV replication. These results provided further insight into the study of VSVpathogenesis.