bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Messenger of Unicellular Microalgae Communication?
Authors: Zhao Liqing , Zhu Rongfang , Liu Yerong , Liu Chenchen , Jiang Panpan , Song Yiting , Luo Yixuan , Lei Anping , Wang Jiangxin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles with membrane structures secreted by cells that play a role in the transfer of proteins, lipids, small RNAs, lncRNAs and DNA. Thus, EVs mediate mammalian cell-to-cell communication and have potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, these studies have been primarily focused on the microenvironmental fluids between mammalian cells. Microalgae are single-celled organisms living in natural and dynamic aquatic environments. Whether microalgae can secrete EVs and adapt to changing environments via EV-mediated communication between cells is still unclear. ResultsWe demonstrated that EVs are widely present in microalgae and have surprisingly rich contents of miRNAs and proteins. The differential expression of miRNAs and proteins was correlated with different cell growth stages and abiotic stressors. Our preliminary data suggested that Chlamydomonas EVs significantly affected the growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis in full BG11 medium. However, incubating EVs isolated from Chlamydomonas with Synechocystis cells showed that EVs themselves did not promote cell growth in nitrogen depleted BG11 medium. In this case, EVs appear to function primarily via information sensing and message delivery between cells under nutrient stress conditions. More detailed studies need to be conducted to revise our current perspective on the distribution of nutrients in aquatic environments and how EVs may affect microbial communications and interactions.Conculsions These findings suggest that EVs may play a critically important role in information exchange between microalgal cells and, in turn, adaptation to changing aquatic environments.
Knockout of a labeled strain of Escherichia coli in the mouse gut using native phages
Authors: Ping Li , Jingchao Chen , Zhang Zhiyu , Yi Li , Lei Liu , Weihua Chen , Liu Guosheng , Hailei Wang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of methodological investigation of the in situ functions of a bacterial species in microecosystems such as the animal gut, although the microbiome has become a focus in the microbiology field worldwide.
Results: We used native mixed phages containing Escherichia phages T1 and T4 as a microbial editing tool for eliminating Escherichia coli MG1655 labeled with green fluorescent protein in the mouse gut. The phages possessed rigorous host specificity at both the genus and species levels, resulting in an 8.8-log10 decrease in the titer of viable bacteria after 12 h of phage treatment in an in vitro test. In vivo, they knocked out strain MG1655 not only at concentrations of 10 6 -10 8 CFU g -1 colonizing the mouse gut but also even in mice fed with feedstuff containing the bacterium. In addition, the impact of phage treatment on the microbial community structure of the mouse gut was not significantly ( p ＞0.05) based on a 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequencing analysis, although the richness of some bacteria changed significantly.
Conclusions: We provide a feasible microbial editing technique for the animal gut. Native phages with strict host specificity can effectively knock out a target bacterium by single or continuous gastric perfusion, with limited perturbation of microbial diversity, which is beneficial for studies of the function of a specific bacterial species colonizing a complicated microecosystem.
The influence of racial disparity on oncologic outcomes for patients with penile cancer: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Su Xiaohong , Wu Kaihui , Wang Shuo , Li Bingkun , Li Chuanyin , Mao Xiangming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Penile cancer (PC) is an uncommon malignancy in the urinary system of males. The present study aims to compare survival outcomes of PC patients among racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Methods and materials: Patients with PC were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries from 2004 to 2015. The SEER database represents 28% of the U.S. population. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-hispanic white (NHW), hispanic white (HW), black, Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI), or American Indian/Alaskan native (AI/AN). Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to assess cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox’s proportional hazard model. Results: A total of 3955 patients with PC were included. There were significant differences in age, marital status, tumor location, histology, grade, lymphadenectomy, and radiotherapy according to race/ethnicity. Univariate analysis revealed that A/PIs were significantly associated with better CSS (p= 0.005) and OS (p= 0.025) for most subtypes. The 5-year CSS rates for NHWs, HWs, blacks, A/PIs and AI/ANs were 79.4%, 74.2%, 75.9%, 87.1%, and 78.9%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates for NHWs, HWs, blacks, A/PIs and AI/ANs were 63.4%, 64.1%, 60.5%, 73.0%, and 70.9%, respectively. After adjusting for other factors, racial disparity was an independent risk factor for CSS and OS in the multivariate analysis (p=0.010 and p=0.017, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggested that racial differences existed among PC patients in the United States with respect to patient clinicopathological features and survival. Long-term survival disparities were evident in PC patients, that the survival of NHWs, HWs, and blacks was worse than that of A/PIs.
Impact of concomitant systemic treatments on toxicity and intracerebral response after stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases
Authors: Guénolé Morgan , Lucia François , Bourbonne Vincent , Dissaux Gurvan , Reygagne Emmanuelle , Goasduff Gaëlle , Pradier Olivier , Schick Ulrike 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) in combination with systemic therapies (ST) for brain metastases (BM). Methods: 99 patients (171 BM) received SRT and concurrent ST (group 1) and 95 patients (131 BM) received SRT alone without concurrent ST (group 2). SRT was planned on a linear accelerator, using volumetric modulated arc therapy. All ST were allowed including chemotherapy (CT), immunotherapy (IT), targeted therapy (TT) and hormonotherapy (HT). Treatment was considered to be concurrent if the timing between the drug administration and SRT did not exceed 1 month. IT was used concurrently with SRT in 30 patients. Local control (LC), freedom for distant brain metastases (FFDBM), overall survival (OS) and radionecrosis (RN) were evaluated. Variables analyzed included histology, age, gender, diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment score, recursive partitioning analysis score, number of BM, presence of extracranial metastases, tumor volume, Karnofsky performance status and the timing of ST. Results: After a median follow-up of 11.9 months (range 0.7-29.7), the 1-year LC, FFDBM and RN rate in group 1 and group 2 were 96% versus 78% (p=0.02), 76% versus 53% (p=0.004) and 80% versus 90% (p=0.03), respectively. In multivariate analysis, concurrent IT (p=0.022) and tumor volume <2.07cc (p=0.039) were significantly correlated with improvement of LC. The addition of IT to SRT compared to SRT alone was associated with an increased risk of RN (p=0.03). Conclusion: SRT delivered concurrently with IT improved LC, FFDBM, OS with a higher RN rate.
NFAT2 overexpression suppresses the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma through inducing Egr2 expression
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Yamin , Liu Lei , Cui Zilin , Shi Rui , Hou Jianchun , Liu Zirong , Yang Long , Wang Lianjiang , Li Yang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFAT2) has been reported to regulate the development and malignancy of few tumors. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of NFAT2 expression on cell fate of HepG2 cell and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Firstly, the pcDNA3.1-NFAT2 plasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells to construct NFAT2 overexpressed HepG2 cells. Then, the chemical count kit-8 cell viability assay, Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection, EdU labeling proliferation detection, transwell and wound healing experiments were performed. The expression of Egr2 and FasL, and the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK, after ionomycin and PMA co-stimulation, were detected, while the Ca2+ mobilization stimulated by K+ solution were determined. At last, the mRNA and protein expression of NFAT2, Egr2, FasL, COX-2 and c-myc in carcinoma and adjacent tissues was investigated. RESULTS The NFAT2 overexpression suppressed the cell viability, invasion and migration, and promoted apoptosis of HepG2 cells. NFAT2 overexpression induced the expression of Egr2 and FasL, and suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. The sensitivity and Ca2+ mobilization of HepG2 cells was also inhibited by NFAT2 overexpression. Compared with adjacent tissues, the carcinoma tissues expressed less NFAT2, Egr2, FasL and more COX-2 and c-myc. CONCLUSION The current study firstly demonstrated that NFAT2 suppressed the aggression and malignancy of HepG2 cells through inducing the expression of Egr2. The absence of NFAT2 and Egr2 in carcinoma tissues reminded us that NFAT2 may be a promising therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
A Phase II Study of First-line Afatinib For Patients Aged ≥ 75 Years With EGFR Mutation-positive Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: North East Japan Study Group Trial NEJ027
Authors: Minegishi Yuji , Yamaguchi Ou , Sugawara Shunichi , Kuyama Shoichi , Watanabe Satoshi , Usui Kazuhiro , Mori Masahide , Hataji Osamu , Nukiwa Toshihiro , Morita Satoshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Gemma Akihiko 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: We investigated afatinib in elderly patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Patients and Methods: This was a single-arm, open-label, phase II study, performed in multiple centres in Japan. Previously untreated patients, aged ≥ 75 years, with EGFR mutation-positive (Del19 or L858R) advanced NSCLC were treated with afatinib 40 mg until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Adverse events (AEs) were managed with protocol defined dose adjustments. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) by central review.Results: In total, 38 patients received at least one dose of afatinib, and 37 were evaluable for response. Median age was 77.5 years (range 75–91), all patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology group performance status of 0 or 1, and 60.5% had Del19-positive disease. ORR was 75.7% (2 complete responses and 26 partial responses). Median progression-free survival was 14.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.5–19.0). Median overall survival (OS) was 35.2 months (95% CI, 35.2–not reached); the 2-year OS rate was 78.3%. The most common grade III/IV treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) were diarrhoea (28.9%), paronychia (23.7%), and rash/acne (15.8%). Dose reductions due to TRAEs were reported in 78.9% of patients, and 8 (21.1%) patients discontinued afatinib due to TRAEs. No treatment-related deaths were reported.Conclusion: First-line afatinib administered at a starting dose of 40 mg was well tolerated with dose adjustments and was associated with encouraging activity in Japanese patients aged ≥ 75 years with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.Trial Registration: The trial is registered with Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (JRCT) as trial number 031180136 (date of initial registration: 19 February 2019), and the University Hospital Network (UMIN) as trial number 000017877 (date of initial registration: 11 June 2015).
Safe Behaviour in the Petrochemical Industry: Evaluating the Consistency Between Conceptual Frameworks and Factors Reported by Iranian Workers
Authors: Harsini Azita Zahiri , Bohle Philip , Matthews Lynda R , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Aminshokravi Farkhondeh , Prasad Krishan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry.Methods: Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. Results: The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study.Conclusions: Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018. https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107.
Resolution Enhancement of GPR Data Using Bayesian Filtering Optimized by Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: HAJIAN Alireza , Kimiaefar Rohollah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Blurring coherence events is the result of applying many spatial and temporal filtering algorithmswhen they are applied in order to suppress background random noise. Bayesian Filtering (BF) also suffers from mentioned problem. This paper develops a method for optimizing BF by Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM)clustering. First the structure of the GPR image is extracted using FCM. The structure and output of the BF for a random part of the data are used to produce output values for training ANFIS and after that, by generalizing the trained network to all data, filtered data would be achieved. The proposed method is applied on synthetic data-sets as well as tworeal 2-D GPR images gathered in an environmental study project. Performance of the method is evaluated by comparing the results of the proposed method to the output of BF. In synthetic data, the SNR value improved 63 percent more than of BF’s outputandthe visual comparison of the results are suggesting better performance in noise cancellation and resolution enhancement, both in synthetic and real data-sets.
A Novel Signature of 23 Immunity-related Gene Pairs is Prognostic of Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Xue Yanan , Xue Yinan , Wang Zhengcai , Mo Yongzhen , Wang Pinyan , Tan Weiqiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: We aimed to identify immune-related signature for predicting cutaneous melanoma (CM) prognosis. Methods: We used TCGA samples (n=471) to develop the best 23 Immune related gene pairs (23-IRGP) prognostic signature and divided patients into high- and low-immune risk group in TCGA dataset and validation datasets: GSE65904 (n=214), GSE59455 (n=141), and GSE22153 (n=79). Results: 23-IRGP presented precise ability in cutaneous melanoma (CM) which high-risk groups showed poor prognosis and indicated significant predict power in immune micro-environment and biological analysis as well. Conclusions: we established a novel promising prognostic model in CM and built the bridge between immune micro-environment and CM patient results. This approach can be applied to discover the signatures in other diseases without technical bias from different platforms.
FCGR1A Serves as a Novel Biomarker and Correlates With Immune Infiltration in Four Cancer Types
Authors: Xu Jili , Guo Yong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: FCGR1A encodes a protein that plays an important role in the immune response. The prognosis and tumor immune infiltration of FCGR1A in heterogeneous tumors remains unclear.Methods: Differential expression analysis of FCGR1A between tumor and normal tissues and the difference in overall survival (OS) among different cancer types were performed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The correlation between FCGR1A and cancer immune infiltration or immue gene markers was completed through Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. Results: FCGR1A exhibited high expression in various cancer types. FCGR1A was significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of cervical and endocervical cancer (CESC), cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) and skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) (P<.05). High expression of FCGR1A meant a better prognosis except for KIRC. FCGR1A showed significant differences at different stages of KIRC and SKCM (P<.05). Furthermore, FCGR1A was notably associated with immune infiltrating levels of CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, B cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell in the four cancers (P<.05). FCGR1A also showed close relevance with different immune gene markers. The copy number variation (CNV) of FCGR1A significantly influenced the abundance of immune infiltration in KIRC and SKCM. Conclusion: FCGR1A may be a potential prognostic biomarker and related to immune infiltration levels in diverse cancers, especially in CESC, CHOL, KIRC, and SKCM. Besides, FCGR1A may be involved in the activation, regulation or induction of immune cells.
Impact of socio-economic and water access conditions on life satisfaction of rural farmers in Faisalabad district of Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Abdul Majeed , Rafique Muhammad Zahid , Bakhsh Khuda , Makhdum Muhammad Sohail Amjad , Huang Shaoan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The current study is designed to see the effects of water access on the well-being of the farming community in rural areas of Pakistan. The data were collected from 300 households of ten villages in rural Faisalabad, Pakistan where the population is facing serious water quality and access issues due to industrial pollution, lack of clean water supply system and limited access to fresh water for agricultural use. We employed ordinary least square and ordered probit methods to measure the association between water access variables and households’ well-being. We found that source and quality of drinking water, access to irrigation water, and percentage of crop water requirement fulfilled, and water expenses were statistically significant influencing the households’ well-being. The study concluded that water access conditions strongly influence the life satisfaction and water access conditions must be considered in future research. Acknowledging the contribution of village-level economic activities to economic growth, a strong policy is proposed to re-evaluate the existing rural water supply strategy to enhance the households’ well-being and enhance livelihood generation among neglected pro-poor farmers in rural areas of Pakistan.
Rhodamine B - as New Chromophore for the Determination of Melatonin in Biological, Food, and Pharmaceutical Samples
Authors: Lungu-Moscalu Alexandrina , Negut Catalina C. , Stefanov Cristina , van Staden Raluca-Ioana S. , Bunaciu Andrei A. , Staden Jacobus F. van 
Published: June 2020

Aim and Objective:
Melatonin is an essential biomarker for sleep-related disorders.
Reliable methods of analysis are needed for melatonin. Therefore, a new chromophore (Rhodamine
B) was proposed for the assay of melatonin; this method succeeded to enlarge the working
concentration range and to decrease the limit of determination comparing with the method that just
used the native fluorescence of melatonin.

Materials and Methods:
Rhodamine B was proposed as a new chromophore for the assay of
melatonin in biological, food, and pharmaceutical samples. Fluorescence was used for the
determination of melatonin.

Results:
The results obtained using Rhodamine B were compared with those obtained by the native
fluorescence of melatonin. Using the new chromophore, melatonin was determined in the
concentration range between 0.01 and 50 pmol L-1, with the detection limit of 2.4 fmol L-1. The
recovery of melatonin was higher than 98.00% with a relative standard deviation of less than
0.10%, when the method was applied for the assay of melatonin in samples such as breast milk,
whole blood, milk powder, and pharmaceutical formulations.

Conclusion:
Utilization of Rhodamine B enlarged the linear concentration range for the assay of
melatonin and decreased the detection limit, making possible the assay of melatonin in a variety of
samples such as pharmaceuticals, food, and biological samples.
Selinexor (KPT-330), an Oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) Compound, in Combination with FOLFOX in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC) - Final Results of the Phase I Trial SENTINEL
Authors: Nilsson Sven , Stein Alexander , Rolfo Christian , Kranich Anne L. , Mann Julia , Papadimitriou Konstantinos , Theile Susann , Amberg Stefanie , Bokemeyer Carsten 
Published: June 2020

Background:
Selinexor is an oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export compound that
specifically blocks Chromosomal Region Maintenance protein 1.

Objective:
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of selinexor plus 5-fluorouracil,
leucovorin and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.

Methods:
In this multicenter phase I trial, mCRC patients, eligible for oxaliplatin-based treatment,
were enrolled to receive oral selinexor on days 1, 3, and 8 plus mFOLFOX6 every two weeks. Primary
endpoint was the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints were toxicity, overall response
rate, progression free survival, and overall survival.

Results:
Overall, 10 patients were enrolled, who had prior treatment with oxaliplatin (6/10), irinotecan
(8/10), bevacizumab (6/10) or anti-EGFR therapy (5/10). Four consecutive patients received
40 mg selinexor plus mFOLFOX6. All four experienced dose-limiting toxicities and withdrew from
the study after a median of two cycles. Thus, this dose level was regarded as toxic and no further patients
were evaluated at this dose. Six patients were enrolled with 20 mg selinexor plus mFOLFOX6.
Despite better tolerability, four patients withdrew (patient wish) after the first cycle and only two patients
continued until disease progression. Most commonly reported treatment emergent adverse
events were nausea (80%), diarrhea (70%), vomiting (60%), fatigue (60%), anorexia (40%), and impaired
vision (40%). Due to the short treatment exposure, no relevant clinical activity was observed.

Conclusion:
In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, selinexor on this dose schedule plus
mFOLFOX6 was not tolerable. Other dosing schedules or combinations may be evaluated. Clinical
trial identifier NCT02384850.