bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of SlOFP20 affects floral organ and pollen development
Authors: Zhou Shengen , Hu Zongli , Li Fenfen , Tian Shibing , Zhu Zhiguo , Li Anzhou , Chen Guoping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTheOVATEgene was initially identified in tomato and serves as a key regulator of fruit shape. There are 31 OFP members in the tomato genome. However, their roles in tomato growth and reproductive development are largely unknown. Here, we cloned theOFPtranscription factorSlOFP20. Tomato plants overexpressingSlOFP20displayed several phenotypic defects, including an altered floral architecture and fruit shape and reduced male fertility.SlOFP20overexpression altered the expression levels of some brassinosteroid (BR)-associated genes, implying that SlOFP20 may play a negative role in the BR response, similar to its ortholog OsOFP19 in rice. Moreover, the transcript accumulation of gibberellin (GA)-related genes was significantly affected in the transgenic lines. SlOFP20 may play an important role in the crosstalk between BR and GA. The pollen germination assay suggested that the pollen germination rate ofSlOFP20-OE plants was distinctly lower than that of WT plants. In addition, the tomato pollen-associated genesSlCRK1,SlPMEI,LePRK3,SlPRALF, andLAT52were all suppressed in the transgenic lines. Our data imply thatSlOFP20may affect floral organ and pollen development by modulating BR and GA signaling in tomato.
Early dorsomedial tissue interactions regulate gyrification of distal neocortex
Authors: Chizhikov Victor V. , Iskusnykh Igor Y. , Steshina Ekaterina Y. , Fattakhov Nikolai , Lindgren Anne G. , Shetty Ashwin S. , Roy Achira , Tole Shubha , Millen Kathleen J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe extent of neocortical gyrification is an important determinant of a species’ cognitive abilities, yet the mechanisms regulating cortical gyrification are poorly understood. We uncover long-range regulation of this process originating at the telencephalic dorsal midline, where levels of secreted Bmps are maintained by factors in both the neuroepithelium and the overlying mesenchyme. In the mouse, the combined loss of transcription factors Lmx1a and Lmx1b, selectively expressed in the midline neuroepithelium and the mesenchyme respectively, causes dorsal midline Bmp signaling to drop at early neural tube stages. This alters the spatial and temporal Wnt signaling profile of the dorsal midline cortical hem, which in turn causes gyrification of the distal neocortex. Our study uncovers early mesenchymal-neuroepithelial interactions that have long-range effects on neocortical gyrification and shows that lissencephaly in mice is actively maintained via redundant genetic regulation of dorsal midline development and signaling.
The MoSeS dynamic omnigami paradigm for smart shape and composition programmable 2D materials
Authors: Berry Joel , Ristić Simeon , Zhou Songsong , Park Jiwoong , Srolovitz David J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe properties of 2D materials can be broadly tuned through alloying and phase and strain engineering. Shape programmable materials offer tremendous functionality, but sub-micron objects are typically unachievable with conventional thin films. Here we propose a new approach, combining phase/strain engineering with shape programming, to form 3D objects by patterned alloying of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. Conjugately, monolayers can be compositionally patterned using non-flat substrates. For concreteness, we focus on the TMD alloy MoSe$${}_{2c}$$2cS$${}_{2(1-c)}$$2(1−c); i.e., MoSeS. These 2D materials down-scale shape/composition programming to nanoscale objects/patterns, provide control of both bending and stretching deformations, are reversibly actuatable with electric fields, and possess the extraordinary and diverse properties of TMDs. Utilizing a first principles-informed continuum model, we demonstrate how a variety of shapes/composition patterns can be programmed and reversibly modulated across length scales. The vast space of possible designs and scales enables novel material properties and thus new applications spanning flexible electronics/optics, catalysis, responsive coatings, and soft robotics.
Multiple conformations facilitate PilT function in the type IV pilus
Authors: McCallum Matthew , Benlekbir Samir , Nguyen Sheryl , Tammam Stephanie , Rubinstein John L. , Burrows Lori L. , Howell P. Lynne 
Published: November 2019

AbstractType IV pilus-like systems are protein complexes that polymerize pilin fibres. They are critical for virulence in many bacterial pathogens. Pilin polymerization and depolymerization are powered by motor ATPases of the PilT/VirB11-like family. This family is thought to operate with C2 symmetry; however, most of these ATPases crystallize with either C3 or C6 symmetric conformations. The relevance of these conformations is unclear. Here, we determine the X-ray structures of PilT in four unique conformations and use these structures to classify the conformation of available PilT/VirB11-like family member structures. Single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) structures of PilT reveal condition-dependent preferences for C2,C3, and C6 conformations. The physiologic importance of these conformations is validated by coevolution analysis and functional studies of point mutants, identifying a rare gain-of-function mutation that favours the C2 conformation. With these data, we propose a comprehensive model of PilT function with broad implications for PilT/VirB11-like family members.
Early coauthorship with top scientists predicts success in academic careers
Authors: Li Weihua , Aste Tomaso , Caccioli Fabio , Livan Giacomo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe examined the long-term impact of coauthorship with established, highly-cited scientists on the careers of junior researchers in four scientific disciplines. Here, using matched pair analysis, we find that junior researchers who coauthor work with top scientists enjoy a persistent competitive advantage throughout the rest of their careers, compared to peers with similar early career profiles but without top coauthors. Such early coauthorship predicts a higher probability of repeatedly coauthoring work with top-cited scientists, and, ultimately, a higher probability of becoming one. Junior researchers affiliated with less prestigious institutions show the most benefits from coauthorship with a top scientist. As a consequence, we argue that such institutions may hold vast amounts of untapped potential, which may be realised by improving access to top scientists.
Enantiodivergence by minimal modification of an acyclic chiral secondary aminocatalyst
Authors: Dai Jun , Wang Zhuang , Deng Yuhua , Zhu Lei , Peng Fangzhi , Lan Yu , Shao Zhihui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe development of enantiodivergent catalysis for the preparation of both enantiomers of a chiral compound is of importance in pharmaceutical and bioorganic chemistry. With the design of a class of reactive and stereoselective organocatalysts, acyclic chiral secondary amines, a method for achieving the enantiodivergence is developed simply by changing the secondary N-i-Bu- to N-Me-group within the catalyst architecture while maintaining the same absolute configuration of the catalysts, which modulates the catalyst conformation. This catalyst-controlled enantiodivergent method not only enables challenging asymmetric transformations to occur in an enantiodivergent manner but also features a high level of stereocontrol and broad scope that is demonstrated in eight different reactions (90 examples), all delivering both enantiomers of a range of structurally diverse products including hitherto less accessible, yet important, compounds in good yields with high stereoselectivities.
Floodplain inundation spectrum across the United States
Authors: Scott Durelle T. , Gomez-Velez Jesus D. , Jones C. Nathan , Harvey Judson W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFloodplain inundation poses both risks and benefits to society. In this study, we characterize floodplain inundation across the United States using 5800 stream gages. We find that between 4% and 12.6% of a river’s annual flow moves through its floodplains. Flood duration and magnitude is greater in large rivers, whereas the frequency of events is greater in small streams. However, the relative exchange of floodwater between the channel and floodplain is similar across small streams and large rivers, with the exception of the water-limited arid river basins. When summed up across the entire river network, 90% of that exchange occurs in small streams on an annual basis. Our detailed characterization of inundation hydrology provides a unique perspective that the regulatory, management, and research communities can use to help balance both the risks and benefits associated with flooding.
Flexible, sticky, and biodegradable wireless device for drug delivery to brain tumors
Authors: Lee Jongha , Cho Hye Rim , Cha Gi Doo , Seo Hyunseon , Lee Seunghyun , Park Chul-Kee , Kim Jin Wook , Qiao Shutao , Wang Liu , Kang Dayoung , Kang Taegyu , Ichikawa Tomotsugu , Kim Jonghoon , Lee Hakyong , Lee Woongchan , Kim Sanghoek , Lee Soon-Tae , Lu Nanshu , Hyeon Taeghwan , Choi Seung Hong , Kim Dae-Hyeong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImplantation of biodegradable wafers near the brain surgery site to deliver anti-cancer agents which target residual tumor cells by bypassing the blood-brain barrier has been a promising method for brain tumor treatment. However, further improvement in the prognosis is still necessary. We herein present novel materials and device technologies for drug delivery to brain tumors, i.e., a flexible, sticky, and biodegradable drug-loaded patch integrated with wireless electronics for controlled intracranial drug delivery through mild-thermic actuation. The flexible and bifacially-designed sticky/hydrophobic device allows conformal adhesion on the brain surgery site and provides spatially-controlled and temporarily-extended drug delivery to brain tumors while minimizing unintended drug leakage to the cerebrospinal fluid. Biodegradation of the entire device minimizes potential neurological side-effects. Application of the device to the mouse model confirms tumor volume suppression and improved survival rate. Demonstration in a large animal model (canine model) exhibited its potential for human application.
Deciphering signalling network in broad spectrum Near Isogenic Lines of rice resistant to Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Dubey Himanshu , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Solanke Amolkumar U. , Singh Ashok K. , Sharma T. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisease resistance (R) genes like Pi9, Pita, Pi21, Pi54 are playing important role for broad spectrum blast resistance in rice. Development of near isogenic lines (NILs) using these type of broad spectrum genes and understanding their signalling networks is essential to cope up with highly evolving Magnaporthe oryzae strains for longer duration. Here, transcriptional-level changes were studied in three near-isogenic lines (PB1 + Pi1, PB1 + Pi9 and PB1 + Pi54) of rice resistant to blast infection, to find the loci that are unique to resistant lines developed in the background of Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1). The pathway analysis of loci, unique to resistant NILs compared to susceptible control revealed that plant secondary metabolite synthesis was the common mechanism among all NILs to counter against M. oryzae infection. Comparative transcriptome analysis helped to find out common clusters of co-expressed significant differentially expressed loci (SDEL) in both PB1 + Pi9 and PB1 + Pi54 NILs. SDELs from these clusters were involved in the synthesis and degradation of starch; synthesis and elongation of fatty acids; hydrolysis of phospholipids; synthesis of phenylpropanoid; and metabolism of ethylene and jasmonic acid. Through detailed analysis of loci specific to each resistant NIL, we identified a network of signalling pathways mediated by each blast resistance gene. The study also offers insights into transcriptomic dynamics, points to a set of important candidate genes that serve as module to regulate the changes in resistant NILs. We suggest that pyramiding of the blast resistance gene Pi9 with Pi54 will lead to maximum broad spectrum resistance to M. oryzae.
Functional Genomic Complexity Defines Intratumor Heterogeneity and Tumor Aggressiveness in Liver Cancer
Authors: Kwon So Mee , Budhu Anuradha , Woo Hyun Goo , Chaisaingmongkol Jittiporn , Dang Hien , Forgues Marshonna , Harris Curtis C. , Zhang Gao , Auslander Noam , Ruppin Eytan , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Wang Xin Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChronic inflammation and chromosome aneuploidy are major traits of primary liver cancer (PLC), which represent the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Increased cancer fitness and aggressiveness of PLC may be achieved by enhancing tumoral genomic complexity that alters tumor biology. Here, we developed a scoring method, namely functional genomic complexity (FGC), to determine the degree of molecular heterogeneity among 580 liver tumors with diverse ethnicities and etiologies by assessing integrated genomic and transcriptomic data. We found that tumors with higher FGC scores are associated with chromosome instability and TP53 mutations, and a worse prognosis, while tumors with lower FGC scores have elevated infiltrating lymphocytes and a better prognosis. These results indicate that FGC scores may serve as a surrogate to define genomic heterogeneity of PLC linked to chromosomal instability and evasion of immune surveillance. Our findings demonstrate an ability to define genomic heterogeneity and corresponding tumor biology of liver cancer based only on bulk genomic and transcriptomic data. Our data also provide a rationale for applying this approach to survey liver tumor immunity and to stratify patients for immune-based therapy.
The effect of Pap smear screening on cervical cancer stage among southern Thai women
Authors: Niu Li , Virani Shama , Bilheem Surichai , Sriplung Hutcha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOur study aimed to investigate the effect of Pap smear screening on stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer in a heterogeneous population of Thai women. Data was merged from the population-based cancer registry and screening registry based on unique identification numbers from 2006 to 2014. Patients being screened had lower odds to be diagnosed at late stage. After adjustment, married women had reduced risk of late stage cancer compared to single women. Muslim women had almost twice the risk of being diagnosed late stage compared to Buddhist women. The odds of being diagnosed at late stage decreased with increased number of screening. The probability of being diagnosed at late stage increased rapidly among females aged 40 to 55 years. Pap smear screening is a protective factor in diagnosis of late stage cervical cancer. Patients were more likely to be diagnosed at early stage with more frequent screening. For future screening programs, it will be beneficial to shorten screening intervals and take more concern for vulnerable population: women aged between 40 and 55 years, and women who are single or Muslim.
Transcriptome profiling reveals exposure to predicted end-of-century ocean acidification as a stealth stressor for Atlantic cod larvae
Authors: Mittermayer F. H. , Stiasny M. H. , Clemmesen C. , Bayer T. , Puvanendran V. , Chierici M. , Jentoft S. , Reusch T. B. H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOcean acidification (OA), a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2concentration dissolving in ocean waters, is impacting many fish species. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed physiological impacts in fish. We used RNAseq to characterize the transcriptome of 3 different larval stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to simulated OA at levels (1179 µatm CO2) representing end-of-century predictions compared to controls (503 µatm CO2), which were shown to induce tissue damage and elevated mortality inG. morhua. Only few genes were differentially expressed in 6 and 13 days-post-hatching (dph) (3 and 16 genes, respectively), during a period when maximal mortality as a response to elevatedpCO2occurred. At 36 dph, 1413 genes were differentially expressed, most likely caused by developmental asynchrony between the treatment groups, with individuals under OA growing faster. A target gene analysis revealed only few genes of the universal and well-defined cellular stress response to be differentially expressed. We thus suggest that predicted ocean acidification levels constitute a “stealth stress” for early Atlantic cod larvae, with a rapid breakdown of cellular homeostasis leading to organismal death that was missed even with an 8-fold replication implemented in this study.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression Profiles of Long Non-Coding RNAs with Associated ceRNA Network Involved in the Colon Cancer Staging and Progression
Authors: Wu Meini , Li Wenliang , Huang Fengchang , Sun Jing , Li Kang ping , Shi Jiandong , Yang Jingyu , Li Jianfang , Li Yanhan , Hu Ningzhu , Hu YunZhang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to compete with microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer occurrence and development. However, the differential expression of RNAs and their ceRNA network during the development of colon cancer (CC) remains unclear. This study was aimed at comprehensive analysis of the lncRNAs and their ceRNA networks associated with CC. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed on colorectal and adjacent normal tissues at different pathological stages. Forty-nine lncRNAs were differently expressed between the CC tissues and their adjacent normal tissues at all stages. Aberrant expression of lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 and lncRNA MIR4435-2HG was confirmed by TCGA database. Moreover, 14 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between early and advance stages of the tumor tissues, and 117 miRNAs were specifically expressed in stage III & IV. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of 17105 differently expressed mRNAs revealed that the mRNAs shown in module pink, midnight blue, black, and light cyan were related to TNM and pathological stage, and that these mRNAs were enriched in cancer related functions and pathways. As DElncRNA showed a trend of change similar to that of the DEmRNA and opposite to that of DEmiRNA, ceRNA network was constructed with 3 DEmiRNAs, 5 DElncRNAs, and 130 DEmRNAs. Real time PCR revealed that expression of MEG3 was decreased in the tumor tissues belonging to stage III and IV as compared to that in stage I. Moreover, hsa-miR-324-5p was upregulated, while FGFR3, PLCB4, and IKBKB were downregulated in the tumor tissues as compared to that in the adjacent normal tissues. Thus, this study revealed differentially expressed lncRNA between different stages of CC as well as suggested that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1, MIR4435-2HG, and MEG3 may act as diagnostic biomarkers for the development of CC.
Functional analysis of SlNCED1 in pistil development and fruit set in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Kai Wenbin , Fu Ying , Wang Juan , Liang Bin , Li Qian , Leng Ping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is an important regulator of many plant developmental processes, although its regulation in the pistil during anthesis is unclear. We investigated the role of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (SlNCED1), a key ABA biosynthesis enzyme, through overexpression and transcriptome analysis in the tomato pistil. During pistil development, ABA accumulates andSlNCED1expression increases continually, peaking one day before full bloom, when the maximum amount of ethylene is released in the pistil. ABA accumulation andSlNCED1expression in the ovary remained high for three days before and after full bloom, but then both declined rapidly four days after full bloom following senescence and petal abscission and expansion of the young fruits. Overexpression ofSlNCED1significantly increased ABA levels and also up-regulatedSlPP2C5expression, which reduced ABA signaling activity. Overexpression ofSlNCED1caused up-regulation of pistil-specific Zinc finger transcription factor genes SlC3H29, SlC3H66, and SlC3HC4, which may have affected the expression ofSlNCED1-mediated pistil development-related genes, causing major changes in ovary development. Increased ABA levels are due toSlNCED1overexpresson which caused a hormonal imbalance resulting in the growth of parthenocarpic fruit. Our results indicate thatSlNCED1plays a crucial role in the regulation of ovary/pistil development and fruit set.
Association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I measured at emergency department and complications of emergency coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Park Jungchan , Lee Seung-Hwa , Min Jeong Jin , Lee Jong-Hwan , Kwon Ji Hye , Lee Ja Eun , Choi Jin-Ho , Lee Young Tak , Kim Wook Sung , Park Myungsoo , Jang Ji Su , Lee Sangmin Maria 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) is a widely used biomarker to identify ischemic chest pain in the Emergency Department (ED), but the clinical impact on emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (eCABG) remains undetermined. We aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of hs-cTnI measured at the ED by comparing outcomes of eCABG in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) which comprises unstable angina (UA) and non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). From January 2012 to March 2016, 242 patients undergoing eCABG were grouped according to serum hs-cTnI level in the ED. The primary endpoint was major cardiovascular cerebral event (MACCE) defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke. The incidence of each MACCE composite, in addition to postoperative complications such as acute kidney injury, reoperation, atrial fibrillation, and hospital stay duration were also compared. Patients were divided into two groups: UA [<0.04 ng/mL, n = 102] and NSTEMI [≥0.04 ng/mL, n = 140]. The incidence of MACCE did not differ between the two groups. Postoperative acute kidney injury was more frequent in the NSTEMI group after adjusting for confounding factors (6.9% vs. 23.6%; odds ratio, 2.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–6.99; p-value = 0.032). In-hospital stay was also longer in the NSTEMI group (9.0 days vs. 15.4 days, p-value = 0.008). ECABG for UA and NSTEMI patients showed comparable outcomes, but hs-cTnI elevation at the ED may be associated with immediate postoperative complications.
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura increased risk of subsequent pancreatitis: A Nationwide population cohort study
Authors: Wu Shih-Chi , Lin Sheng-fung , Fang Chu-Wen , Tsai I-Ju , Yang Wen-Chi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by thrombocytopenia and bleeding diathesis. Pancreatitis is a very rare complication but may be fatal. We analyzed data of newly diagnosed ITP patients, excluding those with a history of splenectomy, unknown sex or date of birth, or preexisting pancreatitis at the time of ITP diagnosis, and compared these with selected age-, gender-, and index-year-matched controls, using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 1996 to 2013. The study enrolled 100,177 ITP patients and 100,177 controls. We found that pancreatitis risk was higher in secondary ITP patients, regardless of age group, gender, baseline Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score, history of biliary stone, hyperlipidemia, or alcoholism, than in the control population. Primary ITP patients with CCI score 1 and without biliary tract stone history also showed a higher pancreatitis risk than the controls. The incidence rate and cumulative incidence of pancreatitis were increased in primary, secondary, and unspecified ITP cases. These phenomena may be related to the presence of autoantibodies against glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, or to IgG4, microparticle obstruction, or sclerosis. We noted a direct association between ITP and the development of pancreatitis in Taiwan population.