bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical speed, D’ and pacing in swimming: Reliability of a popular critical speed protocol applied to all four strokes
Authors: Scott Benjamin E. , Burden Richard , Dekerle Jeanne 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The validity of the critical speed (CS) concept has been investigated in front crawl swimmers using protocols involving multiple performance trials. The reliability and practical feasibility of CS protocols with strong face validity remain unknown in all four swimming strokes. This study aimed to assess reliability and practical feasibility of a widely used CS protocol in all four strokes. Methods: 32 national-level swimmers (butterfly n=7, 19 ± 2 years old; backstroke n=8, 18 ± 2 years old; breaststroke n=7, 18 ± 2 years old; front crawl n=10, 17 ± 2 years old) performed three 200-m and three 400-m performance trials in their specialist stroke over a three-week period. CS and supra-CS distance capacity (D’) were modelled from the linear relationship between distance and time. At the end of the three weeks, all swimmers were asked whether they felt they could or would want to complete an 800-m performance trial as part of a CS protocol. Results: CS derived from 200-m and 400-m performance trials is reliable (typical error ≤ 0.04 m.s-1; coefficient of variation < 4% for all strokes) while D’ is not (typical error between 4 to 9 m; coefficient of variation 13-45%) . Response rate to the follow-up questions was 100%. Only a few butterfly swimmers would want to (14%) or felt they could (29%) complete an 800-m performance trial with more positive responses for breaststroke (57% and 71%), backstroke (75% and 100%), and front crawl swimmers (90% and 100%).Conclusion: Using 200-m and 400-m performance trials is a reliable and practical method for determining CS in backstroke, breaststroke and front crawl swimmers. Including an 800-m performance trial would not be practical with butterfly swimmers, would be challenging with breaststroke swimmers, but would be feasible with front crawl and backstroke swimmers.
Differential serological and neutralizing antibody dynamics after an infection by a single SARS-CoV-2 strain
Authors: Billon-Denis Emmanuelle , Ferrier-Rembert Audrey , Garnier Annabelle , Cheutin Laurence , Vigne Clarisse , Tessier Emilie , Denis Jessica , Badaut Cyril , Rougeaux Clémence , Depeille Anne , Timera Hawa , Boutin Laetitia , Drouet Isabelle , Verguet Noémie , Nolent Flora , Gorgé Olivier , Ferraris Olivier , Tournier Jean-Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe report here the case of two coworkers infected by the same SARS-CoV-2 strain, presenting two different immunological outcomes. CaseOne patient presented a strong IgG anti-receptor-binding domain immune response correlated with a low and rapidly decreasing titer of neutralizing antibodies. The other patient had similar strong IgG anti-receptor-binding domain immune response but high neutralizing antibody titers. Discussion and ConclusionThus, host individual factors may be the main drivers of the immune response varying with age and clinical severity.
ECIEN-2020 Study: the effect of COVID-19 on admissions for NON-COVID diseases
Authors: Ramos-Lacuey Beatriz , Moreno-Galarraga Laura 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has had great effects on health systems worldwide, not only in relation to COVID-19 cases, but also affecting patients with other pathologies.Material and methods: ECIEN-2020 is an observational study conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Navarra, Spain to describe the effect of COVID-19 in pediatric admissions for NON-COVID diseases. Admissions during March-June 2020 (first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain) are described and compared with the same period in 2019. A sub-analysis was performed delving into epidemiology. Patient characteristics (age, sex, medical history), disease characteristics (symptoms, duration of symptoms, previous consultation in Primary Care Health Center) and admission characteristics (place and average stay) were analyzed.Results: A 33% reduction in the number of admissions was observed, decreasing from 529 in 2019 to 353 in 2020, highlighting a 48% reduction in patients admitted for pulmonary diseases. There were no significant changes in age, average stay, admissions for other reasons, or Intensive Care Unit admissions. Percentage of patients admitted among those seen in the emergency department rose from 5.1% in 2019 to 10.9% in 2020, whereas the total number of consultations in the emergency department decreased a 68%.Conclusions: The pandemic and the measures adopted due to SARS-CoV-2 have significantly decreased pediatric admissions for NON-COVID diseases, especially due to a reduction in hospitalization for respiratory diseases.
Incidence of “new-onset” constipation and associated factors during lockdown due to the coronavirus-19 pandemic.
Authors: Remes-Troche Jose María , Coss-Adame Enrique , Amieva-Balmori Mercedes , Velasco José Antonio Velarde-Ruiz , Gómez-Castaños Paulo César , Flores-Rendón Ricardo , Gómez-Escudero Octavio , Rodríguez-Leal María Celina , Durán-Rosas Cristina , Pinto-Gálvez Samanta Mayanin , Priego-Parra Bryan Adrián , Triana-Romero Arturo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: A minimum of physical activity and low liquid intake are factors that have been associated with constipation. The health emergency brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adopting behavior, such as sheltering-in-place (less mobility) and dietary changes, creating a scenario we believe to be an adequate model for examining the appearance of symptoms of constipation and its associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on an open population, applying an electronic survey (4 weeks after lockdown due to COVID-19 in Mexico) to evaluate: demographic characteristics, physical activity, water and fiber intake, appearance of constipation symptoms (including stool consistency), and quality of life.Key results: Out of 678 subjects evaluated, 170 (25%, 95% CI 21.7-28.4) developed symptoms of “new-onset” constipation, with a significant decrease in the number of daily bowel movements (p<0.05) and hardness of stool consistency (p<0.05) during lockdown. The multivariate analysis (logistic regression) showed that female sex (p=0.001), water intake (p=0.039), and physical activity (p=0.012) were associated with “new-onset” constipation. Conclusions: Reduced physical activity and less water intake due to mobility restrictions imposed for epidemiologic reasons, such as a pandemic, can lead to symptoms of “new-onset” constipation.
A New Dynamical Modelling of the Epidemic Diseases to Assessing the Rates of Spread of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: SEIRQ Model
Authors: Youssef Hamdy , Alghamdi Najat , Ezzat Magdy , El-Bary Alaa , Shawky Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new model of critical epidemic dynamics for the emergence of the new coronavirus COVID-19 is being established in this paper. A new approach to the assessment and control of the COVID 19 epidemic is given with the SEIRQ pandemic model. This paper uses real knowledge on the distribution of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia for mathematical modeling and dynamic analyses. The reproductive number and detailed stability analysis are provided in the SEIRQ model dynamics. In a Jacobian method of linearization, we will address the domain of the solution and the equilibrium situation based on the SEIRQ model. The equilibrium and its importance have been proven, and a study of the stability of the equilibrium free from diseases has been implemented. The reproduction number was evaluated in accordance with its internal parameters. The Lyapunov theorem of stability has proven the global stability of the current model's equilibrium. The SEIRQ model was contrasted by comparing the results based on the SEIRQ model with the real COVID-19 spread data in Saudi Arabia. Numerical evaluation and predictions were given. The results indicate that the SEIRQ model is a strong model for the study of the spread of epidemics, such as COVID-19. At the end of this work, we implemented an optimum protocol that can quickly stop the spread of COVID-19 among the Saudi populations.
Effect of Arbidol on COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nojomi Marzieh , Yasin Zainab , Keyvani Hossein , Makiani Mahin Jamshidi , Roham Maryam , Laali Azadeh , Dehghan Nasir , Navaei Mehrnaz , Ranjbar Mitra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The treatment of patients with COVID-19 included supportive care to relief the symptoms mainly. Although WHO mentioned there is not any effective treatments for COVID-19, but there is some reporting about the use of some antiviral drugs. The aim of current study is to determine the effect of Arbidol (ARB) on COVID-19 disease. Methods: Using an open label randomized controlled trial, effectiveness of ARB on COVID-19 disease was conducted in a teaching hospital. One hundred eligible patients with diagnosis of Covid-19 recruited in the study and assigned randomly to two groups of either Hydroxychloroquine followed by Kaletra (Lopinavir-ritonavir) or Hydroxychloroquine followed by ARB. The primary outcome was hospitalization duration and clinical improvement 7 days after admission. The criteria of improvement were relief of cough, dyspnea and fever. Time to relieving fever was assessed across two groups too. Without any drop out, 100 patients were entered to final analysis with significant level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.6 (17.8) and 56.2 (14.8) in ARB and Kaletra groups respectively. Majority of patients were male across two groups (66% and 54%). The duration of hospitalization in ARB group was less than Kaletra arm significantly (7.2 versus 9.6 days; P=0.02). Time to relief fever was almost similar across two groups (2.7 versus 3.1 days in ARB and Kaletra arms respectively). Peripheral oxygen saturation rate was different after seven days of admission across two groups significantly (94% versus 92% in ARB and Kaletra groups respectively) (P=0.02). Based on multiple linear regression analysis, IHD, Na level and oxygen saturation at the time of admission and type of therapy were the independent adjusted variables that determined the duration of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19.Conclusion: Our findings showed that Arbidol, compared to Kaletra, significantly contributes to clinical and laboratory improvements, including peripheral oxygen saturation, requiring ICU admissions, duration of hospitalization, chest CT involvements, WBC, and ESR. We suggest further studies on ARB using larger sample size and multicenter design.Trial registration: IRCT20180725040596N2 on 18 April 2020.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in peritoneal fluid from patients with kidney disease and COVID-19: report of two cases
Authors: Ibarra-Hernandez Margarita , Alcantar-Vallín María de la Luz , Cabrera-Silva Rodolfo I. , Sánchez-Reyes Karina , Alvarez-Zavala Monserrat , Arcos-Jiménez Judith C. De , González-Hernández Luz A. , Ruiz-Herrera Vida V. , Aguirre-Díaz Sara A. , García-Salcido Roxana , García-García Guillermo , Andrade-Villanueva Jaime F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has a broad clinical presentation, involving multiple organs besides the respiratory system. Currently, there is little evidence available on the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in peritoneal fluid (PF). In this study, we describe the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the PF of two patients with COVID 19 and kidney disease.Case presentation: Case 1: A 71-year-old woman with a history of end-stage kidney disease who presented with a 15-day evolution of progressive dyspnea, accompanied by dry cough and fever; IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected on admission. Real-time SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the PF was positive. Three days after admission the patient's respiratory distress improved and she was discharged after 8 days of hospitalization.Case 2: A 78-year-old woman, with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, a 15-day history of polypnea, and a 5-day onset of fever and dyspnea. IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected on admission, as well as a positive nasopharyngeal qRT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2. During hospitalization she developed acute kidney injury, requiring peritoneal dialysis, SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in PF by qRT-PCRConclusions: These two cases highlights the importance of increasing the level of awareness for the presence and possible SARS-CoV-2 transmission through non-respiratory routes, like peritoneal fluid.Emphasis should be given to appropriate preventive strategies for minimizing the risk of transmission of COVID-19 from patients on peritoneal dialysis in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Presenting a Four-Lump Dynamic Kinetic Model for Methanol to Light Olefins Process Over the Hierarchical SAPO-34 Catalyst Using Power Law Models
Authors: Azarhoosh Mohammad Javad , Azarhoosh Ali Reza 
Published: September 2020

Objectives:A four-lump dynamic kinetic model on the hierarchical SAPO-34 catalyst in the methanol to light olefins (MTO) process has been presented using the power law models. Since decreased catalyst activity in the MTO process is common, for the applicability of the proposed model, the function of catalyst activity was computed as a function of the coke percentage deposited on the catalyst.Materials and Methods:The reactant and products were divided into four lumps, including methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), light olefins (ethylene and propylene), light paraffin (methane, ethane, and propane) and heavier hydrocarbons from C4. The one-dimensional ideal plug reactor was used for the simulation of the MTO reactor. The kinetic parameters and the catalyst activity function were predicted using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm.Results:The comparison of product distribution in the experimental model and the results of the kinetic model indicated the high accuracy of the presented model. The effect of operational parameters such as temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the mole percent of light olefins was investigated using the proposed kinetic model. The optimized value of temperature and WHSV to reach the maximum yield of light olefins was respectively 460 ˚C and 4.2 h-1.Conclusion:The passive kinetic coefficients were estimated in the reaction rate constant and catalyst activity function with the help of the PSO optimization algorithm. The mole fraction of different products and the reactant arising from modeling at the reactor outlet was compared with experimental results, which indicated the high accuracy of the presented kinetic model. The results also revealed that the selection of high and low temperatures and WHSV decreases the yield of light olefins and the lifetime of the catalyst.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction from Gated Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Processed with “Myovation Evolution”: Comparison of Three Automated Software Packages using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance as Reference
Authors: Calandri Enrico , Guana Francesca , Pultrone Mirco , Leuzzi Stefano , Chiorino Giovanna , Soligo Eleonora , Frantellizzi Viviana , Gallina Sonya , Liberatore Mauro , De Vincentis Giuseppe 
Published: September 2020

Backgound:
The development of resolution recovery (RR) algorithms has made it possible
to preserve the good quality of cardiac images despite a reduced number of counts during
study acquisition.

Objective:
Our purpose was to evaluate the performance of three different software packages in the
quantification of left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV),
and ejection fraction (EF) from gated perfusion SPECT, applying a resolution recovery (RR) algorithm
(GE Myovation Evolution), with respect to cardiac MRI (cMRI) as a gold standard.

Methods:
We retrospectively enrolled 21 patients, with suspected or known coronary heart disease.
Images at rest were reconstructed by filtered back projection (FBP) and by an iterative protocol
with the RR algorithm. EDV, ESV, and LVEF were automatically computed employing Quantitative
Gated SPECT (QGS), Myometrix (MX), and Corridor 4DM (4DM). Any difference in EDV,
ESV, and LVEF calculation between cMRI and the three packages (with FBP and iterative reconstruction
with RR) was tested using Wilcoxon or paired t-test, with the assumption of normality assessed
using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Agreement between imaging reconstruction algorithms and between
gated-SPECT software packages and cMRI was studied with Pearson’s (r) or Spearman’s
(R) correlation coefficients and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCC).

Results:
Intra-software evaluation always revealed very strong correlation coefficients (R, r ≥ 0.8)
and excellent LCC coefficients (LCC > 0.95), except for the LCC coefficient between MX-FBP
and MX-RR in EDV evaluation, nevertheless considered very good (LCC = 0.94). EDV and ESV
had significantly lower value when calculated with the RR algorithm with respect to FBP reconstruction
in QGS and MX. LVEF estimation did not show significant differences for QGS-FBP,
QGS-RR, MX, and 4DM-RR with respect to cMRI.

Conclusion:
All reconstruction methods systematically underestimate EDV and ESV, with higher
underestimation applying only the RR. No significant differences were observed between 4DM -
RR and 4DM-FBP, for each parameter, when the 4DM package was used.
Meta-heuristic Techniques to Train Artificial Neural Networks for Medical Image Classification: A Review
Authors: Priyanka  , Kumar Dharmender 
Published: September 2020

:
Medical imaging has been utilized in various forms in clinical applications for better diagnosis
and treatment of diseases. These imaging technologies help in recognizing body's ailing region
easily. In addition, it causes no pain to the patient as the interior part of the body can be examined
without difficulty. Nowadays, various image processing techniques such as segmentation, registration,
classification, restoration, contrast enhancement and many more exist to enhance image quality.
Among all these techniques, classification plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis for
easy analysis and interpretation of these images. Image classification not only classifies diseases with
high accuracy but also analyses which part of the body is infected. The usage of Neural networks
classifier in medical imaging applications has opened new doors or opportunities to researchers stirring
them to excel in this domain. Moreover, accuracy in clinical practices and the development of
more sophisticated equipment are necessary in the medical field for more accurate and quicker decisions.
Therefore, keeping this in mind, researchers started using meta-heuristic techniques to classify
the methods. This paper provides a brief survey on the role of artificial neural networks in medical
image classification, various types of meta-heuristic algorithms applied for optimization purposes,
and their hybridization. A comparative analysis showing the effect of applying these algorithms on
some classification parameters such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity is also provided. From
the comparison, it can be observed that the usage of these methods significantly optimizes these parameters
leading us to diagnose and treat a number of diseases in their early stage.
Dental Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Roman-Torres Caio Vinicius G. , de Melo Quintela Marcelo 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The rampant spread of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide increases the likelihood that
dental health care professionals will treat this subset of the patient population. Due to the characteristics
of the profession and the virus, two situations deserve attention: the disinfection of surfaces that can be
contaminated during dental treatment and the presence of the virus in the oral cavity and the countless
possibilities of microbial interaction with microorganisms in the oral cavity.

Objective:
The objective of this review was to point out the current stage of the discussion on dental biosafety
involving professionals, the work team and patients.

Methods:
The following databases were consulted: MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine, USA -
NLM), Lilacs, Scielo, Embase, Web of Science and Google Academic with the keywords COVID-19
and dental practice, dentistry, oral conditions, mouthrinses.

Results:
Disinfection of surfaces has always been paramount and the protocol to prevent the spread of
SARS-CoV-2 seems to be established. SARS-CoV-2 is vulnerable to oxidation, it is recommended to
use a mouth rinse containing oxidizing agents.

Conclusions:
Dentists are among the professionals who are most at risk of COVID-19 infection, and they
must have extra attention during this period, biosafety measures must be reinforced and patients must be
motivated to maintain a strict oral hygiene routine so that there is no accumulation of biofilm and this
may somehow interfere with their systemic condition.
Utilizing Zebrafish Animal Model as a Helping Hand for COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Singh Yashbir , Patel Heenaben , Chaudhary Amit , Deepa S. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
The Zebrafish animal model has the potential use to study COVID19 infection
in-depth due to its genetic similarity with humans. It has antiviral property. As we know, SARS-CoV-2
is an RNA virus, which has a high genetic mutation rate, therefore difficult to understand its structure. It
is a great way to understand the genetic dynamics of Zebrafish, which is related to orthologous human
genes.

Objective:
The study aims to validate the possible role of the Zebrafish animal model in the COVID19
diagnosis.

Methods:
We have reviewed a lot of literature towards the Zebrafish model and tried to explore the possible
connection in the diagnosis of COVID19.

Results:
We observed a very close bridge between the Zebrafish model and COVID19 towards possible
drug discovery diagnosis.

Conclusion:
This research will be helpful to unlock the mechanism clues, finding new therapeutic targets,
and understanding adaptability to host.
Adapting Gravity Model for Predicting the Risk of COVID -19 in Nigeria
Authors: Olaitan Olanrewaju Samson , Oluwaseun Olowoporoku 
Published: September 2020

Background:
It is against the background of the emerging incidence of coronavirus pandemic
in Nigeria and the need for its management that this study adapts the gravity model for predicting the
risk of the disease across states of the country.

Methods:
The paper relied on published government data on population and gross domestic product,
while the distance of town to the nearest international airport was also obtained. These data were logtransformed
and further used in the calculation of gravity scores for each state of the federation.

Results:
The study discovered that with the gravity score ranging from 2.942 to 4.437, all the states of
the federation have the risk of being infected with the pandemic. Meanwhile, Ogun State (4.837) has a
very high risk of being infected with the disease. Other states with high risks are Oyo (4.312), Jigawa
(4.235), Niger (4.148), and Katsina (4.083). However, Taraba State has the least infection risk of pandemic
in Nigeria. Factors influencing the risk level of the pandemic are proximity, the porous boundary
between states, and elitism.

Conclusion:
The paper advocates border settlement planning, review of housing standards, and advocacy for sanitation in different states.
It therefore concludes that adequate urban planning in unison with economic and epidemiology techniques will provide a
strong strategy for the management of the disease.