bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Strong and Tough Double Network Granular Hydrogels
Authors: Hirsch Matteo , Charlet Alvaro , Amstad Esther 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany soft natural tissues display a fascinating set of mechanical properties that remains unmatched by manmade counterparts. These unprecedented mechanical properties are achieved through an intricate interplay between the structure and locally varying the composition of these natural tissues. This level of control cannot be achieved in soft synthetic materials. To address this shortcoming, a novel 3D printing approach to fabricate strong and tough soft materials is introduced, namely double network granular hydrogels (DNGHs) made from compartmentalized reagents. This is achieved with an ink composed of microgels that are swollen in a monomer‐containing solution; after the ink is additive manufactured, these monomers are converted into a percolating network, resulting in a DNGH. These DNGHs are sufficiently stiff to repetitively support tensile loads up to 1.3 MPa. Moreover, they are more than an order of magnitude tougher than each of the pure polymeric networks they are made from. It is demonstrated that this ink enables printing macroscopic, strong, and tough objects, which can optionally be rendered responsive, with high shape fidelity. The modular and robust fabrication of DNGHs opens up new possibilities to design adaptive, strong, and tough hydrogels that have the potential to advance, for example, soft robotic applications.
An Activatable X‐Ray Scintillating Luminescent Nanoprobe for Early Diagnosis and Progression Monitoring of Thrombosis in Live Rat
Authors: Liang Hanyu , Hong Zhongzhu , Li Shihua , Song Xiaorong , Zhang Da , Chen Qiushui , Li Juan , Yang Huanghao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThrombosis is a frequent predisposing factor in high‐mortality cardiovascular diseases, which underscores the urgent need to precisely diagnose thrombosis formation at a less severe stage. However, it is still challenging to realize in vivo early thrombosis imaging due to lack of high sensitivity/‐specificity molecular imaging strategy. To address such problems, thrombin‐activatable scintillating nanoprobes are developed for background‐free X‐ray‐excited luminescence (XEL) imaging of in vivo early thrombosis. The nanoprobes are constructed by designing bright XEL‐emitting lanthanide‐doped scintillator nanocrystals (NCs) with dye labeled‐peptide modification. Such nanoprobes show XEL‐off originally and enable robust turn‐on XEL upon thrombin‐specific cleavage of the peptide, resulting from the rational manipulation of energy transfer between dye and NCs. Specially, due to high tissue penetration depth and background‐free attributes in XEL imaging, this strategy achieves high‐efficiency XEL imaging of the early thrombosis on the basis of in situ elevated thrombin levels. Moreover, XEL and magnetic resonance imaging capabilities can be integrated to further improve imaging accuracy and monitor thrombosis progression. As such, the exploited strategy demonstrates a novel paradigm for realizing timely thrombosis imaging and provides a new readily tailorable platform for sensitive in vivo deep‐tissue imaging.
Sol–Gel Synthesis of High‐Density Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Monoliths via Ligand Assisted Methods: Exceptional Porosity, Hydrophobicity, and Applications in Vapor Adsorption
Authors: Hunter‐Sellars Elwin , Saenz‐Cavazos Paola A. , Houghton Anthony R. , McIntyre Sean R. , Parkin Ivan P. , Williams Daryl R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonolithic ZIF‐8 and ZIF‐67 adsorbents are synthesized at room temperature using a novel, ligand‐assisted method. Despite reductions in crystallinity within some of the samples, monolithic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have superior volume‐relative microporosity, total porosity, and surface areas relative to their particulate counterparts due to increased density. Samples synthesized using a single modulator, n‐butylamine, have a hierarchical porosity resulting in improved adsorption capacities in mid‐ to high‐ sorbate pressure regions. ZIF‐67 monoliths produced through mixed‐modulator synthesis, n‐butylamine and 1‐methylimidazole, are almost entirely microporous. Vapor adsorption isotherms find that, whilst their amorphous content results in increased water uptake, monolithic ZIFs are found to possess higher surface and adsorption hydrophobicity than traditional non‐polar adsorbents. Cosorption measurements with a common VOC toluene, under humid conditions, find that these monolithic ZIF samples outperform powder equivalents, with the mixed‐modulator ZIF‐67 monolith capturing 28% more VOC compared to the powder ZIFs studied due to its superior volumetric efficiency. This study provides insights into the benefits of modulator‐based tuning of porosity within monolithic ZIFs which, combined with their hydrophobicity, may facilitate their application for industrial organic vapor recovery or indoor air cleaning, where efficient hydrophobic adsorbents which can operate in humid environments are essential.
Microfabricated Ion‐Selective Transistors with Fast and Super‐Nernstian Response
Authors: Han Sanggil , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Polyravas Anastasios G. , Malliaras George G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTransistor‐based ion sensors have evolved significantly, but the best‐performing ones rely on a liquid electrolyte as an internal ion reservoir between the ion‐selective membrane and the channel. This liquid reservoir makes sensor miniaturization difficult and leads to devices that are bulky and have limited mechanical flexibility, which is holding back the development of high‐performance wearable/implantable ion sensors. This work demonstrates microfabricated ion‐selective organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with a transconductance of 4 mS, in which a thin polyelectrolyte film with mobile sodium ions replaces the liquid reservoir. These devices are capable of selective detection of various ions with a fast response time (≈1 s), a super‐Nernstian sensitivity (85 mV dec−1), and a high current sensitivity (224 µA dec−1), comparing favorably to other ion sensors based on traditional and emerging materials. Furthermore, the ion‐selective OECTs are stable with highly reproducible sensitivity even after 5 months. These characteristics pave the way for new applications in implantable and wearable electronics.
Realization of Regular‐Mixed Quasi‐1D Borophene Chains with Long‐Range Order
Authors: Wang Yu , Kong Longjuan , Chen Caiyun , Cheng Peng , Feng Baojie , Wu Kehui , Chen Lan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe polymorphism of borophene makes it a promising system to realize tunable physical or chemical properties. Various pure borophene phases consisting of quasi‐1D boron chains with different widths have been commonly obtained in experimental studies. Here, it is shown that, due to a substrate mediation effect, artificial long‐range ordered phases of borophene consisting of different combinations of boron chains seamlessly joined together can be achieved on Ag(100). Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and theoretical calculations reveal that mixed‐chain phases are more stable than the pure phase, and interact only weakly with the substrate. The mixed‐chain phases with various proportions of different chains can be well separated based on the crystal direction of the substrate. The successful growth of mixed‐chain phases is expected to deepen the impact of substrate tailored synthesis of borophene.
Carbon Fiber and Syntactic Foam Hybrid Materials via Core–Shell Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Pack Robert C. , Romberg Stian K. , Badran Aly A. , Hmeidat Nadim S. , Yount Trenton , Compton Brett G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiological materials often employ hybrid architectures, such as the core–shell (C–S) motif present in porcupine quills and plant stems, to achieve unique specific properties and performance. Drawing inspiration from these natural materials, a new method to fabricate lightweight and stiff C–S architected filaments is reported. Specifically, a C–S printhead conducive to printing highly loaded fiber‐filled inks, as well as a new low‐density syntactic foam ink, are utilized to 3D‐print C–S architectures consisting of a syntactic epoxy foam core surrounded by a stiff carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite shell. Effective printing of test specimens and structures with controlled geometry, composition, and architecture is demonstrated. The new foam ink exhibits density as low as 0.68 g cm−3 and C–S structures exhibit up to 25% higher specific flexural stiffness (E1/3/ρ) than either constituent alone. Finally, a new mechanical model is presented to predict this performance improvement while accounting for potential eccentricity of the core.
Copper(II)‐Catalysed Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Arylamines with Hexafluoroisopropanol: An Alternative Methodology for Constructing Fluorinated Compounds
Authors: Wu Liangying , Song Yang , Li Zhanchong , Guo Jiabao , Yao Xiaoquan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe selective functionalisation of arylamine derivatives with hexafluoroisopropanol through copper(II)‐catalysed aerobic oxidative coupling was developed to generate various fluoroalkylated arylamines under mild conditions. This method has a wide substrate scope with excellent functional group tolerance and provides the fluorinated products in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, preliminary studies indicate that this reaction occur via a radical mechanism. This protocol, which uses atmospheric O2 as an oxidant, provides an alternative green route for constructing fluorinated compounds.magnified image
Modular Tandem Mizoroki‐Heck/Reductive Heck Reactions to Construct Fluorenes from Cyclic Diaryliodoniums
Authors: Peng Xiaopeng , Yang Yang , Luo Bingling , Wen Shijun , Huang Peng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStarting from cyclic diaryliodoniums and terminal alkenes, a diverse set of fluorenes is conveniently constructed. The reactions catalyzed by palladium undergo one conventional Mizoroki‐Heck reaction and one reductive Heck reaction. The scope of alkenes is general, leading to 29 fluorenes which would expand the structural diversity of fluorene reservoir.magnified image
Venetoclax with azacitidine or decitabine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia: Long term follow‐up from a phase 1b study
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A. , Pratz Keith , Letai Anthony , Jonas Brian A. , Wei Andrew H. , Pullarkat Vinod , Konopleva Marina , Thirman Michael J. , Arellano Martha , Becker Pamela S. , Chyla Brenda , Hong Wan‐Jen , Jiang Qi , Potluri Jalaja , DiNardo Courtney D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis analysis represents the longest‐term follow‐up for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with 400 mg of venetoclax plus azacitidine or decitabine. Adults with newly diagnosed AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy were enrolled in an open‐label, non‐randomized, multicenter phase 1b trial of venetoclax with azacitidine (AZA; 75 mg/m2; days 1‐7) or decitabine (DEC; 20 mg/m2; days 1‐5). Endpoints included safety, response rates (complete remission [CR], CR with incomplete blood count recovery [CRi]), response duration and overall survival (OS). The median follow‐up time was 29 and 40 months for patients treated with venetoclax plus AZA and DEC combinations, respectively. Key Grade ≥ 3 AEs (AZA and DEC) were febrile neutropenia (39% and 65%), anemia (30% and 26%), thrombocytopenia (25% and 23%), and neutropenia (20% and 10%). The CR/CRi rate was 71% for venetoclax plus AZA and 74% for venetoclax plus DEC. The median duration of CR/CRi was 21.9 months and 15.0 months, and the median OS was 16.4 months and 16.2 months, for venetoclax plus AZA and DEC, respectively. These results support venetoclax plus hypomethylating agents as highly effective frontline AML therapies for patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy.
Conditionalising the unemployed: Why have consecutive Australian governments refused to increase the inadequate Newstart Allowance?
Authors: Mendes Philip 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWelfare advocacy groups led by the Australian Council of Social Service have been campaigning for an increase in the Newstart Allowance (now renamed the JobSeeker Payment) for more than 20 years. Yet consecutive Australian governments – both Liberal‐National Coalition and Labor – have refused to raise the rate, other than the recent temporary changes introduced in response to COVID‐19. This paper argues that whilst the Coalition and Labor come from different political traditions, they share a common belief in paid work as the principal foundation of Australian social protection. Consequently, their principal concern has been to incentivise the unemployed via conditional welfare measures to engage in labour market participation, rather than boosting the welfare safety net.
Open pelvic fracture with bilateral common iliac arteriovenous injury successfully treated with hemicorporectomy following damage control interventional radiology in a hybrid emergency room
Authors: Omura Takeshi , Omichi Yasuyuki , Kosaka Hirofumi 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundIn severe pelvic fracture, keys of successful treatment are early hemostasis and timely definitive care. We present a case in which the patient was treated by fast and reliable hemostasis and subsequent comprehensive hemicorporectomy.Case PresentationWe describe the case of a 47‐year‐old man with severe pelvic trauma. He received early intervention by the helicopter emergency medical service, which included rapid transarterial embolization as damage control interventional radiology in the hybrid emergency room, and hemicorporectomy as a multidisciplinary approach. This series of treatments saved his life and he was discharged home.ConclusionHemicorporectomy could be the only treatment option in patients with severe pelvic injury when there are no reconstruction options. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of severe open pelvic fractures with blood vessel damage, successfully treated by initial hemostasis using the helicopter emergency medical service, hybrid emergency room system, and following hemicorporectomy as a definitive care.
Nature‐Inspired Construction of MOF@COF Nanozyme with Active Sites in Tailored Microenvironment and Pseudopodia‐Like Surface for Enhanced Bacterial Inhibition
Authors: Zhang Lu , Liu Zhengwei , Deng Qingqing , Sang Yanjuan , Dong Kai , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have sparked increasing interest in mimicking the structure and function of natural enzymes. However, their catalytic and therapeutic efficiency are unsatisfactory due to the relatively lower catalytic activity. Herein, inspired by nature, a MOF@COF nanozyme has been designed as a high‐efficiency peroxidase mimic, with the metallic nodes of MOFs as active centres, the hierarchical nanocavities produced by the growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as binding pockets to form tailored pore microenvironment around active sites for enriching and activating substrate molecules, to perform enhanced bacterial inhibition. Furthermore, the pseudopodia‐like surface of the COFs “skin” enabled the system to catch the bacteria effectively for further amplifying the therapeutic efficiency of MOF‐based nanozyme. We believe that the present study will not only facilitate the design of novel nanozymes, but also broaden the biological usage of MOF/COF‐based hybrid materials.
A Novel Continuous Phase‐Transition Extraction Effectively Improves the Yield and Quality of Finger Citron Essential Oil Extract
Authors: Chen Haiqiang , Yang Hui , Zhou Aimei , Xiao Suyao , Song Mingyue , Chen Hanmin , Cao Yong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCitron essential oil contains numerous health‐beneficial components, however, with relatively low level in plants. In this paper, the components and physicochemical properties of finger citron essential oil extract (FEOE) obtained by a novel continuous phase‐transition extraction (CPE) were investigated and compared with those achieved by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Results indicated that CPE‐derived FEOE significantly increased by 12% in yield compared to SFE‐derived FEOE. Gas chromatograph ‐ mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that FEOE extracted by both methods contained acids, esters, olefins, and alcohols. However, aromatics and heterocycles were only found in CPE‐derived FEOE. Moreover, the relative contents of acids and esters in CPE‐derived FEOEdecreased in comparison with those in SFE‐derived FEOE. On the other hand, the relative contents of olefins, alcohols, aromatic, and heterocycle compounds increased, suggesting a rich and multi‐layered fragrance with plentiful characteristic aroma substances in CPE‐derived FEOE. In addition, FEOE extracted by CPE maintained strong antioxidant activity in a dose‐dependent manner. Together, our results demonstrated that CPE could be a promising technology for essential oil extraction.
Glycobiology of developing chicken kidney: Profiling the galectin family and selected β‐galactosides
Authors: Manning Joachim C. , García Caballero Gabriel , Ludwig Anna‐Kristin , Kaltner Herbert , Sinowatz Fred , Gabius Hans‐Joachim 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe concept of the sugar code interprets the cellular glycophenotype as a rich source of information read by glycan‐lectin recognition in situ. This study's aim is the comprehensive characterization of galectin expression by immunohistochemistry during chicken nephrogenesis along with mapping binding sites by (ga)lectin histochemistry. Light and two‐color fluorescence microscopy were used. First, six plant/fungal lectins that are specific for galectin‐binding parts of N‐ and O‐glycans were applied. The spatiotemporally regulated distributions of these glycans in meso‐ and metanephros equip cells with potential binding partners for the galectins. Complete galectin profiling from HH Stage 20 (about 70–72 hr) onward revealed cell‐, galectin‐, and stage‐dependent expression patterns. Representatives of all three types of modular architecture of the galectin family are detectable, and overlaps of signal distribution in light and two‐color fluorescence microscopy illustrate a possibility for functional cooperation among them. Performing systematic galectin histochemistry facilitated comparisons between staining profiles of plant lectins and galectins. They revealed several cases for differences so that tissue lectins appear to be selective among the β‐galactosides. Notably, selectivity is also disclosed in intrafamily comparison. Thus, combining experimental series with plant and tissue lectins is a means to characterize target populations of glycans presented by cellular glycoconjugates for individual galectins. Our results document the presence and sophisticated level of elaboration among β‐galactosides and among the members of the family of galectins during organogenesis, using chicken galectins and kidney as model. Thus, they provide a clear guideline for functional assays using supramolecular tools, cells, and organ cultures.
Highly Ordered Carbon Coating Prepared with Polyvinylidene Chloride Precursor for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Shuo , Fang Chen , Song Xiangyun , Liu Gao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA highly ordered carbon structure based on polyvinylidene chloride precursor has been developed to host silicon nanoparticles. The stoichiometric ratio of sacrificial H and Cl elements facilitated full utilization of the carbon content of the precursor that produced robust carbon coatings on silicon nanoparticles with excellent mechanic properties and electrochemical stabilities. The optimal sintering temperature and carbon content have been investigated. When evaluated as the anode of a lithium‐ion battery (LIB), the Si : C 1 : 2 composite sintered at 800 °C (SiC12‐800) provided excellent capacity retention of 85 % at 0.1 C after 50 cycles with an enhanced CE, which reached 99 % only after 10 cycles. The SiC12‐800 electrode maintained a specific capacity of 709.2 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 0.3 C, and delivered a high rate performance of 737.9 mAh/g and 485.6 mAh/g at 5 C and 10 C, respectively. The results indicate that polymer precursors with stoichiometric ratio of sacrificial elements have high potential for generating highly robust carbon coatings for silicon anodes in high energy density LIBs.
Folate intake, markers of folate status and oral clefts: An updated set of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Zhou Yulai , Sinnathamby Vigigah , Yu Yamei , Sikora Lindsey , Johnson Candice Y. , Mossey Peter , Little Julian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a longstanding debate about the role of folate in the etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs). Studies of different measures of nutritional intake or folate status have been done to investigate the possible role of folate in the prevention of OFC. Only one knowledge synthesis has attempted to bring together different types of evidence. The aim of the present work was to update it.MethodsEvidence for associations between OFC and dietary folate, supplement use, folic acid fortification, biomarkers of folate status, and variants of MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) were included. Potentially eligible articles were systematically identified from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science (2007–2020) and combined using random‐effects meta‐analysis when appropriate. Quality assessments were conducted using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale and Cochrane's risk of bias tool.ResultsSixty‐four studies published since the previous knowledge synthesis were identified, with eight of these identified through a supplementary search from October, 2018 to August, 2020. There was an inverse association between folic acid‐containing supplement use before or during pregnancy and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.51–0.69), with considerable between‐study heterogeneity. The prevalence of CL/P showed a small decline post‐folic acid fortification in seven studies (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.86–1.02). No association was found between OFC and genetic markers of folate status. The coronavirus‐19 pandemic has threatened food availability globally and therefore there is a need to maintain and even enhance surveillance concerning maternal intake of folate and related vitamins.ConclusionsThe risk of non‐syndromic OFC was reduced among pregnant women with folic acid‐containing supplements during the etiologically relevant period. However, high heterogeneity between included studies, incomplete reporting of population characteristics and variation in timing of exposure and supplement types mean that conclusions should be drawn with caution.