bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovations in 3D Tissue Models of Human Brain Physiology and Diseases
Authors: Lovett Michael L. , Nieland Thomas J. F. , Dingle Yu‐Ting L. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract3D laboratory tissue cultures have emerged as an alternative to traditional 2D culture systems that do not recapitulate native cell behavior. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro tissue‐cell‐molecular responses impedes understanding of human physiology in general and creates roadblocks for the discovery of therapeutic solutions. Two parallel approaches have emerged for the design of 3D culture systems. The first is biomedical engineering methodology, including bioengineered materials, bioprinting, microfluidics, and bioreactors, used alone or in combination, to mimic the microenvironments of native tissues. The second approach is organoid technology, in which stem cells are exposed to chemical and/or biological cues to activate differentiation programs that are reminiscent of human (prenatal) development. This review article describes recent technological advances in engineering 3D cultures that more closely resemble the human brain. The contributions of in vitro 3D tissue culture systems to new insights in neurophysiology, neurological diseases, and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Perspectives on designing improved tissue models of the human brain are offered, focusing on an integrative approach merging biomedical engineering tools with organoid biology.
Dual 3D Ceramic Textile Electrodes: Fast Kinetics for Carbon Oxidation Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Direct Carbon Fuel Cells at Reduced Temperatures
Authors: Bian Wenjuan , Wu Wei , Orme Christopher J. , Ding Hanping , Zhou Meng , Ding Dong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDirect carbon fuel cells (DCFCs) are an efficient energy‐conversion technology capable of generating electricity with carbon‐dioxide‐capture chemistry with solid carbon as fuels. The efficiency and performance of DCFCs depend on the kinetics of the carbon oxidation reactions (COR) and the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), each occurring at anode and cathode, respectively. The limited active sites paired with reduced temperatures greatly decrease the efficiency of the electrochemical reactions. Ultraporous dual‐3D ceramic textiles (dual‐3DCT) are integrated into electrolyte‐supported DCFCs to enhance charge and mass transfer at the electrodes. Improved COR at the anode is achieved by the synergy between the 3DCT NiO–Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.95 (GDC) structure and optimal carbon fuel choice. In a comparative study, DCFCs using graphitic carbon (GC) as fuel show the best COR performance when compared to DCFCs utilizing alternative fuels such as carbon black (CB) and activated carbon (AC). The 3DCT Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3‐δ–GDC (SSC–GDC) composite cathode shows electrochemical performance superior to that of the conventional screen‐printed SSC–GDC. A peak power density of 392 mW cm−2 at 600 °C is obtained in a DCFC using the 3DCT‐anode/electrolyte/3DCT‐cathode configuration, an unprecedented value for any reported DCFC as of yet. This points toward promising applications of dual‐3DCT electrodes for reduced‐temperature DCFCs.
Low Roll‐Off Perovskite Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes Achieved by Augmenting Hole Mobility
Authors: Wang Yu , Teng Yu , Lu Po , Shen Xinyu , Jia Pei , Lu Min , Shi Zhifeng , Dong Bin , Yu William W. , Zhang Yu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of perovskite quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs) are close to the out‐coupling efficiency limitation. However, these high‐performance QD‐LEDs still suffer from a serious issue of efficiency roll‐off at high current density. More injected carriers produce photons less efficiently, strongly suggesting the variation of ratio between radiative and non‐radiative recombination. An approach is proposed to balance the carrier distribution and achieve high EQE at high current density. The average interdot distance between QDs is reduced and this facilitates carrier transport in QD films and thus electrons and holes have a balanced distribution in QD layers. Such encouraging results augment the proportion of radiative recombination, make devices with peak EQE of 12.7%, and present a great device performance at high current density with an EQE roll‐off of 11% at 500 mA cm−2 (the lowest roll‐off known so far) where the EQE is still over 11%.
A Microchannel‐Confined Crystallization Strategy Enables Blade Coating of Perovskite Single Crystal Arrays for Device Integration
Authors: Deng Wei , Jie Jiansheng , Xu Xiuzhen , Xiao Yanling , Lu Bei , Zhang Xiujuan , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPerovskite single crystals (PSCs) possess superior optoelectronic properties compared to their corresponding polycrystalline films, but their applications of PSCs in high‐performance, integrated devices are hindered by their heavy thickness and difficulty in scalable deposition. Here, a microchannel‐confined crystallization (MCC) strategy to grow uniform and large‐area PSC arrays for integrated device applications is reported. Benefiting from the confinement effect of the microchannels, solution flow dynamics is well controlled, and thus uniform deposition of PSC arrays with suitable thickness is achieved, meaning they are applicable for scale‐up device applications. The resulting PSCs possess excellent optoelectronic properties in terms of a long carrier lifetime (175 ns) and an ultralow defect density (2 × 109 cm−3), which are comparable to the corresponding bulk crystals. The unique embedded structure of PSCs within the microchannels allows the construction of a high‐integration image sensor. This work paves the way toward high‐throughput growth of PSCs for integrated optoelectronic devices.
Engineered 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides—A Vision of Viable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysis
Authors: Lin Liangxu , Sherrell Peter , Liu Yuqing , Lei Wen , Zhang Shaowei , Zhang Haijun , Wallace Gordon G. , Chen Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an emerging key technology to provide clean, renewable energy. Current state‐of‐the‐art catalysts still rely on expensive and rare noble metals, however, the relatively cheap and abundant transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as exceptionally promising alternatives. Early studies in developing TMD‐based catalysts laid the groundwork in understanding the fundamental catalytically active sites of different TMD phases, enabling a toolbox of physical, chemical, and electronic engineering strategies to improve the HER catalytic activity of TMDs. This report focuses on recent progress in improving the catalytic properties of TMDs toward highly efficient production of H2. Combining theoretical and experimental considerations, a summary of the progress to date is provided and a pathway forward for viable hydrogen evolution from TMD driven catalysis is concluded.
Pt‐Ir‐Pd Trimetallic Nanocages as a Dual Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Acidic Media
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Xie Minghao , Chen Zitao , Lyu Zhiheng , Chi Miaofang , Jin Wanqin , Xia Younan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of dual catalysts with high efficiency toward oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) in acidic media is a significant challenge. Here an active and durable dual catalyst based upon cubic Pt39Ir10Pd11 nanocages with an average edge length of 12.3 nm, porous walls as thin as 1.0 nm, and well‐defined {100} facets is reported. The trimetallic nanocages perform better than all the reported dual catalysts in acidic media, with a low ORR‐OER overpotential gap of only 704 mV at a Pt‐Ir‐Pd loading of 16.8 µgPt+Ir+Pd cm−2geo. For ORR at 0.9 V, when benchmarked against the commercial Pt/C and Pt‐Pd nanocages, the trimetallic nanocages exhibit an enhanced mass activity of 0.52 A mg−1Pt+Ir+Pd (about four and two times as high as those of the Pt/C and Pt‐Pd nanocages) and much improved durability. For OER, the trimetallic nanocages show a remarkable mass activity of 0.20 A mg−1Pt+Ir at 1.53 V, which is 16.7 and 4.3 fold relative to those of the Pt/C and Pt‐Pd nanocages, respectively. These improvements can be ascribed to the highly open structure of the nanocages, and the possible electronic coupling between Ir and Pt atoms in the lattice.
History of pancreatic surgery in Japan: Respect to the Japanese pioneers of pancreatic surgery
Authors: Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe first report of pancreatoduodenectomy was the abstract of Japan Surgical Society in 1946 by Kuru, followed by a publication by Yoshioka (Geka, 1950). The first report of total pancreatectomy was done by Honjo in 1950 (Shujutsu). Thus, the history of pancreatic surgery in Japan dawned in the 1950s. From 1970 to 1980, the American surgeon Fortner had reported the drastic concept of regional pancreatectomy with extensive dissection of vessels and connective tissues around the pancreas. A lot of Japanese surgeons were influenced by this concept and attempted to perform the extensive surgery of pancreatic cancer, especially the Japanese pioneers who had investigated the clinical benefits of extensive surgery with dissection of nerve plexus and lymph nodes around the superior mesenteric artery. Then, Japanese surgeons had a great attention for limited resection of the pancreas for borderline malignancies, and Japan was the number one country for pancreatic surgery for all pancreatic diseases, from advanced pancreatic cancer to borderline malignancies. The next step for these pioneers was how to reduce morbidities after pancreatic surgery, especially pancreatoduodenectomy. Due to the effects of technical development, drain management, and nutritional consideration, the incidences of pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying decreased dramatically in the past 10 years. Moreover, the development of chemotherapeutic drugs has provided a new era of conversion surgery, similar to esophageal surgery, and one should pay great attention to more aggressive surgery, including distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR). Thus, we have to inherit the passion and mentality of the Japanese pioneers of pancreatic surgery and develop safer and more secure surgical techniques to reduce the morbidities and elongate the survival of pancreatic cancer patients.
Azaruthena(II)‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptadiene: Key Intermediate for Ruthenaelectro(II/III/I)‐catalyzed Alkyne Annulations
Authors: Yang Long , Steinbock Ralf , Scheremetjew Alexej , Kuniyil Rositha , Finger Lars H. , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA ruthenium‐catalyzed electrochemical dehydrogenative annulation reaction of imidazoles with alkynes has been established, enabling the preparation of various bridgehead N‐fused [5,6]‐bicyclic heteroarenes through regioselective electrochemical C−H/N−H annulation without chemical metal oxidants. Novel azaruthenabicyclo[3.2.0]heptadienes were fully characterized and identified as key intermediates. Mechanistic studies are suggestive of an oxidatively induced reductive elimination pathway within a ruthenium(II/III) regime.
Anchoring of Cu (II)‐Schiff base complex on magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles: catalytic efficacy in one‐pot synthesis of 5‐substituted‐1H‐tetrazoles, antibacterial activity evaluation and immobilization of α‐amylase
Authors: Ahmadi Ameneh , Sedaghat Tahereh , Motamedi Hossein , Azadi Roya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMagnetic mesoporous silica nanocomposite, Fe3O4@MCM‐41, was prepared and functionalized with N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS). Then Schiff base grafted nanoparticles were synthesized by the condensation of 5,5'‐methylene bis (salicylaldehyde) and then benzhydrazide with Fe3O4@MCM‐41‐AEAPS. Finally, by adding Cu (CH3COOH)2.H2O, the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with Cu (II) Schiff base complex were synthesized. The new organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposite was characterized by FT‐IR, PXRD, AAS, BET, TGA, VSM, FE‐SEM, HRTEM and EDX techniques. Then, the performance of this copper based magnetic nanocatalyst was investigated for the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazole derivatives using one pot three‐component reactions of various aldehydes, hydroxyl amine hydrochloride and sodium azide. The catalyst can be easily isolated from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnet and reused for at least 5 times without significant loss in catalytic activity. Also, the antibacterial activity of the streptomycin loaded magnetic nanoparticles against Gram‐positive (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative (E. coli) bacteria in the presence and absence of a magnetic field were studied. Results revealed that when these materials exposed to the magnetic field, bacteriostatic activity of nanocomposites was increased. Furthermore, the enzyme immobilization ability of the synthesized compounds was investigated and the results showed that these nanoparticles efficiently immobilized amylase enzyme.
An Environmental Analysis of Reusable and Disposable Surgical Gowns
Authors: Vozzola Eric , Overcash Michael , Griffing Evan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSurgical gowns help protect patients from exposure to microorganisms and serve as personal protective equipment for perioperative staff members. Medical textiles, including surgical gowns, are available as reusable and disposable products. Health care facility administrators and leaders who endeavor to use environmentally sustainable practices require current data for decision making. This study analyzed all activities from the extraction of fossil materials from the earth to the end‐of‐life disposal of reusable and disposable surgical gowns. The researchers included calculations for laundry and wastewater treatment operations and compared the environmental effects of the two surgical gown systems. The study results showed that selection of reusable gowns rather than disposable gowns reduced natural resource energy consumption (64%), greenhouse gas emissions (66%), blue water consumption (83%), and solid waste generation (84%). Perioperative nurses can use this information to assist facility leaders as they make informed decisions related to gown system selection.
A Protocol for the Safe Use of Hazardous Drugs in the OR
Authors: Hemingway Maureen W. , Meleis Laura , Oliver Jevon , Silvestri Sandra 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTHazardous drug (HD) use in the perioperative environment poses unique challenges and risks for exposure that can have adverse consequences for perioperative personnel. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention has implemented new standards to address the safe handling and administration of HDs by health care workers. To comply with these standards and minimize perioperative personnel's occupational exposure to HDs, a multidisciplinary team at an academic medical center in Boston that was performing an increased number and variety of operative and other invasive procedures using antineoplastic agents updated their protocol for the safe use of HDs in the OR. This article discusses HDs and the risks they pose to health care workers and outlines the new HD safety protocol for the OR that was part of a performance improvement plan to ensure compliance with new standards and staff member safety in the perioperative setting.
Chemically Functionalized Two‐Dimensional Carbon Materials
Authors: Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNanographenes (NGs), also known as graphene quantum dots, have recently been developed as nanoscale graphene fragments. These nanocarbon species can be excited with UV light and emit light from the UV‐to‐visible region. This photoemission has received great attraction across multiple scientific fields. NGs can be produced by cutting off carbon sources or fusing small organic molecules to grow graphitic structures. Furthermore, the organic synthesis of NGs has been intensely studied. Recently, the number of research papers on postsynthetic modification of NGs has gradually increased. Installed organic groups can tune the properties of NGs and provide new functionalities, opening the door for the development of sophisticated carbon‐based functional materials. This review sheds light on recent progress in the postsynthetic modification of NGs and provides a brief summary of their production methods.
CAMERS‐B: CRISPR/Cpf1 assisted multiple‐genes editing and regulation system for Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Wu Yaokang , Liu Yanfeng , Lv Xueqin , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Liu Long 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR‐associated proteins (CRISPR‐Cas) systems have been widely used in genome editing and transcriptional regulation. In this study, by engineering the Francisella novicida U112 CRISPR/Cpf1 system, a powerful tool called CRISPR/Cpf1 assisted multiple‐genes editing and regulation system for B. subtilis was constructed for engineering Bacillus subtilis, and a synthetic oligos mediated assembly of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) array method was created to build crRNA array. This system can achieve the double genes in‐frame knocking out, multiple point mutations (up to six), or single gene insertion at a time with 100% efficiency. In addition, transcriptional regulation systems were also developed using the DNase deactivated Cas protein (dCpf1) and a transcription factor RemA, which can implement repression and activation on multiple‐genes concurrently. Finally, as a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the synthesis pathways of N‐acetylglucosamine and acetoin in B. subtilis were engineered by using this system. Overall, we provide effective tools for genome editing and metabolic engineering of B. subtilis cell factories to produce various biochemicals.
How cultural dimensions, legal systems, and industry affect environmental reporting? Empirical evidence from an international perspective
Authors: Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel , Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPast research has paid little attention to the impact of stakeholder engagement, cultural, legal, and industrial contexts on environmental disclosure. Thus, the aim of this paper is to explore how these three institutional factors affect the reporting of environmental information by companies in different countries. This research draws on institutional theory: normative isomorphism, coercive isomorphism, and mimetic isomorphism. This study uses the generalised method of moments procedure. The findings show that the legal system and certain cultural dimensions such as individualism, uncertainty avoidance, long‐term orientation, and indulgence are determinants of voluntary disclosure of environmental information (individualism and indulgence—negatively; uncertainty avoidance and long‐term orientation—positively), particularly when companies belong to industries with high environmental risk.
A novel method for predicting superior gluteal nerve safe zones in the lateral approach to the hip
Authors: Piponov Hristo , Osmani Feroz A. , Parekh Amit , Brooker Jay M. , Abraham Edward , Hussain Awais K. , Patetta Michael J. , Gonzalez Mark H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe superior gluteal nerve (SGN) is at risk for laceration during lateral approach total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of the trochanter‐to‐iliac crest distance (TCD) and the nerve‐to‐trochanter distance (NTD) ratio in determining a reproducible safe zone around the SGN independent of height.Materials and MethodsEighteen hemipelvises were dissected and the SGNs were exposed. The distance (NTD) from greater trochanter (GT) to the most inferior branch of the SGN encountered in each of the three approaches (Bauer et al., 1979) was measured. A reference distance (TCD) was measured from the GT to the highest point on the iliac crest. The NTD was divided by the TCD to generate standardized ratios. Coefficient of variation CV = (SD/mean) × 100 was calculated for each distance and ratio to measure relative variability.ResultsThe standardized ratios (and CV) were determined for the nerve branches in three different surgical approaches: Hardinge 0.464 (0.9%), Bauer 0.406 (1.7%), and Frndak 0.338 (4.1%). There was a strong correlation of the individual NTDs with the TCD: NTD for Hardinge (r = 0.996, p < .001), NTD for Bauer (r = 0.984, p < .001), and NTD for Frndak (r = 0.932, p < .001).ConclusionBy measuring the TCD preoperatively and using the respective standardized ratios, surgeons can accurately predict the NTD and how proximal to the GT each SGN branch can be expected to be encountered during lateral approach to the hip. This will allow surgeons to work with a more precise safe zone around the SGN and minimize the possibility for a nerve injury.
Developing computational thinking with a module of solved problems
Authors: Rodríguez del Rey Yailem Arencibia , Cawanga Cambinda Isabel Nissandra , Deco Claudia , Bender Cristina , Avello‐Martínez Raidell , Villalba‐Condori Klinge Orlando 
Published: March 2020

AbstractComputational thinking (CT) has been recognized as a collection of understandings and skills required for new generations of students not only proficient at using tools, but also at creating them and understanding the implication of their capabilities and limitations.The objective of this research was to develop a module of solved problems for the development of CT in first‐year computer engineering students at the University of Cienfuegos, Cuba. Students depend on current research to understand the definition, function, and culture of CT and to consider how it can improve their analytical and critical skills. A contextualized definition of the CT method is proposed as a cognitive process executed by humans to solve problems using computational concepts. This method improves CT in terms of decomposition, pattern recognition, algorithm design, abstraction, data representation, problem decomposition, algorithmic thinking, and generalization of patterns, simulation and evaluation. The research carried out is an experimental design with a pretest and a posttest, with a control group and an experimental group to which the intervention was applied, both with 18 students. This article describes a study developing and incorporating CT modules and assessing their effect on the comprehension of CT principles by preservation teachers as well as their computing attitude. The results show that the implementation of analytical thought in education courses will successfully affect the comprehension of CT principles by preservice students.