bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Millimeter-Thick All Organic Based Electrodes for Low Cost Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Perticarari Sofia , Soudan Patrick , Pellegrin Yann , Guyomard Dominique , Odobel Fabrice , Poizot Philippe , Gaubicher Joël 
Published: February 2020

Aqueous ionic batteries are a promising technology for environmentally friendly grid storage systems as they reduce cost, risk and environmental impact, although this is at the expense of energy density.[1] Designing such batteries from inexpensive, abundant, recyclable and non-toxic organic active materials provides a way towards improving both the environmental and economic impact of these systems.
Herein, the first battery materials that work with simultaneous uptake and release of both cations (Na, Mg) and anions are proposed by designing mixed p-type and n-type “di-block” oligomers[2,3]. It demonstrates optimal potential, extremely fast kinetics and highly competitive capacity and cyclability in both neutral Na and Mg electrolytes, including ocean water. Through a combination of UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry, EQCM, and operando synchrotron-XRD a simultaneous cation/anion insertion mechanism was proven and rationalized. The surprisingly fast kinetics of this di-block oligomer allow to attain an unmatched specific capacity of near to 60mAh/g per gram of electrode while entirely devoid of conducting additives, and more than 80mAh/g per gram of electrode with 10% carbon additive.
Based on these findings, full organic cells with millimeter-thick electrodes were assessed [4]. These findings may well provide a viable option, thereby promoting the design of cutting-edge, low-cost, rocking-chair dual-ion aqueous batteries.
[1] Wu Li, J. R. Dahn, D. S. Wainwright, Science. 1994, 264, 1115-1118
[2] S. Perticarari, Y. Sayed-Ahmad-Baraza, C. Ewels, P. Moreau, D. Guyomard, P. Poizot, F. Odobel and J. Gaubicher, Adv. Energy Materials, 2018, 8 (8), 1701988
[3] S. Perticarari, T. Doizy, P. Soudan, C. Ewels, C. Latouche, D. Guyomard,F. Odobel, P. Poizot, J. Gaubicher, Adv. Energy Materials, 2019, in press
[4] S. Perticarari, E. Grange, T. Doizy, Y. Pellegrin, A.-J Fernandez-Ropero, D. Guyomard, P. Poizot, F. Odobel and J. Gaubicher, Chem
.
Mater. 2019, (10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03282
Fabrication and Characterization of High Capacity and Long Cycle Life Lithium-Sulfur Battery Using Porous Material As a Polysulfide Adsorbent
Authors: Zegeye Tilahun Awoke , Su Wei -Nien , Jeffrey Kuo Chung-Feng , Hwang Bing-Joe 
Published: February 2020

The need for large-scale energy storage, improved safety, and sustainable transport are driving research into alternative battery technologies with higher specific energies. Rechargeable Li-S batteries have high capacities (1675 mAh g-1) and theoretical energy densities as high as 2600 Wh kg-1 making them promising candidates for the next-generation of energy storage systems. However, due to its insulating nature, polysulfide dissolution and poor cycle life, it has been challenging to achieve the existing technology requirement.
Herein we choose porous carbon as conducting agent and TiO2 nanotube as polysulfide adsorbent and forming hybrid nanostructured materials to overcome active material utilization and polysulfide dissolution problems. The porous host materials for sulfur was produced by a low cost, hydrothermal and annealing process with one step green synthesis approach. The process is facile, cheap, scalable and environmental friendly. The material was characterized and examined by XRD, BET, XPS, SEM, TEM, Raman, TGA, CV, EIS and galvanostatic charge-discharge tastes. It is found that the materials are highly porous and show both the characteristics of microporous and mesoporous behavior and contain large pore volume to impregnate large amount of sulfur. Moreover, the microporous carbon can effectively adsorb smaller sulfur (S2-4) molecules in their narrow pores with increasing the electrical conductivity of the cathode by decreasing the resistance of sulfur and enhance active material utilization. Meanwhile, mesoporous carbon doped TiO2 nanotube were placed on the surface to prevent the overflow of sulfur as well as the dissolution of polysulfides in the electrolyte effectively and improve the strength of the entire electrode thereby enhancing the electrochemical performance. As a result, using the porous host-sulfur nanocomposite as a cathode material, we demonstrate excellent cycle stability with initial discharge capacity of 916 mAh g-1 with coulombic efficiency of over 98.6% at a current density of 0.2 C after 140 cycles. This improved performance is due to the unique design of the porous host materials and the good dispersion of sulfur in the narrow pores of microporous host with TiO2 support. Thus, our approach is a promising strategy to control the dissolution of polysulfides and cycle life problems of the battery.

Key words: porous materials, lithium-sulfur battery, polysulfide adsorbent, cycle stability
Facet Engineering of Low-Cost Transitional Metal Oxides for Tunable ORR/OER Kinetics
Authors: Yuan Yifei , Yao Wentao , Tan Guoqiang , Liu Cong , Cheng Meng , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Bi Xuanxuan , Long Fei , Friedrich Craig , Amine Khalil , Lu Jun , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza 
Published: February 2020

To meet future needs for industries from personal devices to automobiles, energy storage devices are transitioning into the next-generation advanced battery systems beyond lithium ions with higher energy density. Among them, lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery stands out due to its highest theoretical energy density among all rechargeable ion battery systems. Yet, its application is severely disabled by the sluggish reaction kinetics during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). To address this problem, various catalysts have been developed with the most promising materials being the noble metals (Pt, etc.) and transitional metal oxides (TMOs such as CoxOy, MnxOy, etc.). While the noble metal catalysts offer superior performance in terms of improving the reaction kinetics, the high cost and environmental sensitivity prevent the large-scale application.
As an alternative, TMOs are attracting more and more interest because they exhibit satisfactory catalytic performance while their cost and cycling durability are much better than that of noble metals. While most studies have focused on the development of different TMO structures, phases and compositions, few studies have reported the advancement in the crystalline facet engineering, particularly for the low-cost TMOs such as manganese oxides, and its effect on ORR/OER kinetics.
In this work, beta-(β-)MnO2 crystals with either octahedron or rod-like shapes were successfully synthesized separately using a simple hydrothermal method. Combining various electron microscopic methods, the octahedron’s surface is seen to mostly occupied by MnO2-{111} facets, while rod’s surface is occupied by MnO2-{100}. As the cathode for Li-air batteries, the β-MnO2 with {111} facets and {100} facets catalyzed the formation of Li2O2 into large toroids and thin film, respectively. For the first time, we revealed that the control of crystal facets can switch the Li2O2 formation mechanism from the surface mode to the solution mode even in the low donor number TEGDME electrolyte. To further understand the formation kinetics of Li2O2, we referred to operando liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, by which a LiO2 phase was identified to function as the intermediate discharge products which significantly affect the formation of Li2O2 as the final product. Following this finding, DFT results further showed that the different catalytic properties were due to the different adsorption free energies for the LiO2 intermediate on the {111} and {100} facets of MnO2. Our findings revealed that facet-engineering of the low-cost TMO catalysts would open a new way for the design of lithium-air batteries with high stabilities and long cycle life.

Figure 1
Advanced Nanoporous Separators for Stable Lithium Metal Electrodeposition at Ultra-High Current Densities in Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Jingling , Mou Chung-Yuan , Wu Heng-Liang 
Published: February 2020

Lithium (Li) metal is considered as the ultimate anode material for the development of next-generation batteries.1 However, Li metal electrode forms dendritic structure after cycling which causes an internal short circuit.2, 3 In this work, we grew mesoporous silica thin film (MSTF) with perpendicular nanochannels and ultra-small pore diameter (~5 nm diameter) onto the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as the MSTF⊥AAO separator. The nanoporous MSTF⊥AAO separator with novel inorganic structures shows stable Li deposition for more than 1600 h of operation in Li-Li cells under a very high current density and capacity of 10 mA cm–2 and 5 mAh cm–2. The separator gives improved rate capability in Li-NMC batteries. The excellent performance of the MSTF⊥AAO nanoporous separator is due to good wetting of electrolytes, straight nanopores, uniform deposition of Li and blocking the finest dendrite. Our designed separators provide a groundbreaking model to regulate Li plating/stripping behavior.
References

Cheng, X.-B.; Zhang, R.; Zhao, C.-Z.; Zhang, Q., Toward Safe Lithium Metal Anode in Rechargeable Batteries: A Review. Chem. Rev.
2017,
117 (15), 10403-10473.

Xu, W.; Wang, J.; Ding, F.; Chen, X.; Nasybulin, E.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, J.-G., Lithium metal anodes for rechargeable batteries. Energy Environ. Sci.
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7 (2), 513-537.

Zhang, S. S., A review on the separators of liquid electrolyte Li-ion batteries. Power Sources
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164 (1), 351-364.
Lithium Metal Solid State Batteries: In Situ SEM Detection of Carbide Nature of Dendrites
Authors: Zaghib Karim , Golozar Maryam , Paolella Andrea , Bouchard, Patrick , Demers Hendrix , Gauvin Raynald 
Published: February 2020

Li metal batteries suffer from dendrite formation which causes short circuit of the battery. Therefore, it is important to understand the chemical composition and growth mechanism of dendrites that limit battery efficiency and cycle life. In this study, in situ scanning electron microscopy was employed to monitor the cycling behavior of all-solid Li metal batteries with LiFePO4 and NMC cathodes. Chemical analyses of the dendrites were conducted using a windowless energy dispersive spectroscopy detector, which showed that the dendrites are not metallic lithium as universally recognized. Our results revealed the carbide nature of the dendrites with a hollow morphology and hardness greater than that of pure lithium. These carbide-based dendrites were able to perforate through the polymer, which was confirmed by milling the polymer using focused ion beam. Deep analysis of lithium surface of edge and grain boundary will be discussed
It was also shown that applying pressure on the battery can suppress growth of the dendrites.
Comparison of Correlated Li+ Diffusion from Molecular Dynamics of Promising Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Adelstein Nicole , Wei Vanessa Yi Zhen , Mehmedović Zerina , Grieder Andrew , Leclerc Nima , Musaelian Alby , Kahle Leonid , Marzari Nicola , Kozinsky Boris , Udovic Terrence John , Mehta Prateek , Stavila Vitalie , Borodin Oleg , Akhade Sneha A , Shea Patrick , Kweon Kyoung , Varley Joel Basile , Wood Brandon C. 
Published: February 2020

Li-ion batteries (LIBs) have been steadily improving since the first LIBs were commercially developed in the 1990s. Batteries with higher volumetric and gravimetric energy density using all-solid-state materials could revolutionize the LIB market. However, known superionic solid electrolytes are limited by a number of materials properties. Engineering better materials is especially limited by the lack of understanding of diffusion mechanisms, demanding novel analysis of diffusion using molecular dynamics.
Molecular dynamics (MD) provides insight into correlated motion between Li-ions and correlated motion with the lattice. Correlated motion of Li-ions is common in the most promising superionic electrolytes. The results presented will be a broad survey of correlated motion using novel analysis tools developed by the authors and their collaborators. Diffusion in some of the most promising electrolytes, such as lithium borohydrides, lithium germanium thiophosphate, amorphous lithium thiophosphate, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide, and the lithium rich anti-perovskites will be compared. Molecular dynamics of these systems will be performed either by ab-initio MD or classical MD. The Haven ratio and the Distinct Van Hove Analysis will be presented for each material. The novel analysis will focus on computational atomistic insights into the diffusion mechanisms of Li-ions, especially correlated motion.
Carbon Nanofiber Composites As Anode Materials in Li+ and Na+ Batteries
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Indris Sylvio , Ehrenberg Helmut 
Published: February 2020

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are well known by their one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure, high conductivity and large surface area, which can provide direct and short pathways for ion transport. These unique properties have facilitated their application as anode materials in both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Electrospinning, as a versatile and controllable method of CNFs manufacturing, has been widely investigated in the battery field. Electrospun CNFs still have limited capacity and rate capability. To further improve their performance, additives such as nickel metal nanoparticles and macromolecular Pluronic were added in this work.
Pure CNFs derived from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and two composite systems: CNFs/Ni and CNFs/Pluronic were synthesized. Morphology of the electrospun fibers and their electrochemical performance in both LIBs and SIBs were studied. Metallic nickel plays the role of an electronic conducting agent, while Pluronic serves as a template to generate micropores, which is favorable for sodium ion transport.
Nanofibers with diameters around 200 nm were successfully prepared. Nanoparticles of nickel were observed on the surface of these CNFs by scanning electrode microscope (SEM). A high capacity of 460 mA h g-1 of pure CNFs when cycled at 100 mA g-1 in LIBs has been achieved with an outstanding stability. After 300 cycles, the capacity stays above 400 mA h g-1. With the addition of nickel particles, an even higher capacity of around 800 mA h g-1 was obtained. CNFs/Pluronic showed the best capacity retention among all composites with a steady capacity at around 600 mA h g-1. The influence of porosity and carbonization temperature on overall electrochemistry performance in LIBs and NIBs are being investigated.
In summary, introduction of additives of Ni and micropores can effectively improve capacity of CNFs as anode materials. Charge/discharge profiles did not vary a lot which can prove that the additives are electrochemically inert. Electrospinning is a flexible method to develop 1D nanostructured electrode materials for both LIBs and SIBs. The outstanding electrochemical properties of such electrospun anodes will further stimulate their applications in LIBs and SIBs.
Chemical Doping of Cellulose Nanocrystal
Authors: Choi Sukyung , Park Nae-Man , Oh Jee Eun 
Published: February 2020

Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has received great interest as sustainable green materials, owing to their intrinsic properties such as renewability, and abundance. It has attractive features, such as large specific surface area, low density, transparency, high tensile stiffness and strength, high thermal stability, and biocompatibility. CNC is extracted from forest and agro-biomass by mechanical or chemical treatments, which has rod-like shape with lengths varying between 100 and 600 nm, and diameters ranging between 2 and 20 nm. However, CNC is basically an insulator due to its high band gap, its applications to electronic devices are limited. We have investigated a doping method that can improve the electrical conductivity of CNC for electronic applications. Among carbon based materials, such as carbon nanotube or graphene, reduced sheet resistance and improved electrical conductivity by chemical doping have been reported. Based on the results of these studies, we designed chemical doping experiments to CNC. Generally, molecules with electron-withdrawing groups adsorbed on the surface of carbon materials serve as p-type dopants. The selected materials for p-type dopants were doped to CNC and the optical- and electrical properties were characterized. We believe this work is a valuable concept demonstrating that CNC plays a new material for future electronic applications.
-This work was supported by Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute(ETRI) grant funded by the Korean government (19ZB1510).
Corrosion Monitoring and Control in Molten Chloride Based Concentrated Solar Power Systems
Authors: Guo Jicheng , Hoyt Nathaniel C. , Williamson Mark A. 
Published: February 2020

Molten mixtures of MgCl2-KCl-NaCl are promising heat transfer fluid (HTF) candidates for the next generation concentrated solar power systems (Gen3 CSP), because of their low cost, high decomposition temperature, and favorable heat transfer characteristics. However, if not properly controlled, molten chloride salts can cause the corrosion of high-temperature metal alloys, such as Inconel, in CSP systems. Here we demonstrate an automated corrosion monitoring and control system that can be used to maintain the health of the structural alloys over long durations. The monitoring system includes a multifunctional voltammetry sensor that is able to measure the redox potential of molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl mixtures as well as the presence of corrosion products. The sensor is capable of detecting corrosion products, such as Cr2+ and Fe2+, quantitatively at low concentrations (less than 100 ppm) with less than 2% error. The corrosion control capability is facilitated by the in-situ electrolytic production of Mg metal that is automatically initiated when the sensor indicates salt conditions favorable to corrosion. The results show that the corrosion is effectively mitigated when the salt potential is maintained to be sufficiently cathodic.
The submitted abstract has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan
(Invited) Operando Investigation of All-Solid-State-Batteries Using Li3PS4 Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Hoeltschi Laura , Wu Xiaohan , Billaud Juliette Marie , Villevieille Claire 
Published: February 2020

All-solid-state batteries have been presented as the ideal solution to address i) the safety limitations of conventional Li-ion batteries by suppressing the flammable organic electrolytes and ii) the problem of insufficient energy densities. To date, two types of solid Li-ion electrolytes have been mainly studied, namely, sulfur-based and ceramic-based materials. Despite the progress in the development of superionic conductor, many aspects of their reaction mechanisms and stability upon cycling still remain non-elucidated.
In order to get a better insight about their stability upon cycling, the development of a reliable electrochemical cells is thus of a prime importance when studying battery materials in operando mode during cycling. This is never an easy task, since the design of such cells has to be adequate to the technique of a choice and meet all necessary requirements. However, once a proper design is found, the surface, the bulk, the interfaces, and finally the combination of those can be studied and lead to the elucidation of the reaction mechanisms, thus further improving the battery technology.
Unfortunately, in most cases the electrochemical cells used for operando measurement are not ideal and suffer from low internal pressure (i.e. poor contact between the electrodes). It shorts the lifespan of the cell, especially in the case of all-solid-state-batteries. Herein we present different cell designs developed in our laboratory and used for operando studies.
Through this presentation, we will use bulk, surface and imaging techniques to better understand the limitation of all solid state batteries. As an example, Operando neutron imaging has been employed to understand the Li diffusion within the electrode and inside an all-solid state batteries employing Li3PS4 as solid electrolyte whereas operando X-ray microscopic tomography was employed to follow the possible electro-mechanical fracture occurring during cycling and the possible impact on the electrochemical performance.
(Invited) In-Situ X-Ray Imaging Analysis of Diffusion Phenomena in All-Solid-State Battery Using Ag-Ion
Authors: Orikasa Yuki , Kandori Koji , Yamashige Hisao , Furuta Noritoshi , Nonaka Takamasa 
Published: February 2020

All-solid-state rechargeable battery is one of the candidates of post-lithium-ion batteries. In recent years, the intrinsic charge-discharge performance of active materials and the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes have dramatically improved; however, the dynamic behavior of carrier ion in the composite electrode has not been understood for the performance of battery pack. If the transport number in the solid electrolyte is almost one, it is considered that salt concentration distribution does not occur in principle. Due to this advantage, the thicker electrodes can be realized for all-solid-state rechargeable battery. However, as far as the authors know, the direct observation of carrier ions during operation of all-solid state rechargeable batteries has not been reported. This is because it is difficult to observe the behavior of lithium ions which are general carrier ions but are light elements. Therefore, in this research, as a model of all-solid-state rechargeable batteries, we used silver ion conductor which shows much high ionic conductivity. The dynamic behavior of silver ion in solid electrolyte and electrode during battery operation was investigated by high energy X-ray imaging method with synchrotron radiation.
Ag6I4WO4 was used as the solid electrolyte, and in the case of the electrolyte observation, silver used as both electrodes. The pressed cell component was sliced with the thickness of 300 mm. In the case of the electrode observation, TiTe2 was used as the working electrode and silver was used as the counter electrode. X-ray transmission imaging measurements were performed in SPring-8.
Compared with the reference samples of Ag6+xI4WO4 (x = 0, 0.06, 0.17, 0.31), it was shown that noticeable ion concentration distribution similar to that of the battery using the organic electrolytic solution as the electrolyte during charge / discharge does not occur. On the other hand, dendrite growth in the solid electrolyte due to silver deposition and reaction distribution in the electrode were observed. In this presentation, we will provide the direct observation of silver ion diffusion in composite electrode.