bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open clusters as tracers on radial migration of the galactic disc
Authors: Chen Y Q , Zhao G 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Radial migration is an important process in the Galactic disc. A few open clusters show some evidence on this mechanism but there is no systematic study. In this work, we investigate the role of radial migration on the Galactic disc based on a large sample of 146 open clusters with homogeneous metallicity and age from Netopil et al. and kinematics calculated from Gaia DR2. The birth site Rb, guiding radius Rg, and other orbital parameters are calculated, and the migration distance |Rg − Rb| is obtained, which is a combination of metallicity, kinematics, and age information. It is found that 44 per cent open clusters have |Rg − Rb| &lt; 1 kpc, for which radial migration (churning) is not significant. Among the remaining 56 per cent open clusters with |Rg − Rb| &gt; 1 kpc, young ones with t &lt; 1.0 Gyr tend to migrate inward, while older clusters usually migrate outward. Different mechanisms of radial migration between young and old clusters are suggested based on their different migration rates, Galactic locations, and orbital parameters. For the old group, we propose a plausible way to estimate migration rate and obtain a reasonable value of $1.5 \pm 0.5 \,\rm {kpc\,Gyr}^{ -1}$ based on 10 intermediate-age clusters at the outer disc, where the existence of several special clusters implies its complicate formation history.
Secular dynamics of hierarchical multiple systems composed of nested binaries, with an arbitrary number of bodies and arbitrary hierarchical structure – III. Suborbital effects: hybrid integration techniques and orbit-averaging corrections
Authors: Hamers Adrian S 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The secularmultiple code, presented in two previous papers of this series, integrates the long-term dynamical evolution of multiple systems with any number of bodies and hierarchical structure, provided that the system is composed of nested binaries. In the formalism underlying secularmultiple, we previously averaged over all orbits in the system. This approximation significantly speeds up numerical integration of the equations of motion, making large population synthesis studies possible. However, the orbit averaging approximation can break down when the secular evolution time-scale of the system is comparable to or shorter than any of the orbital periods in the system. Here, we present an update to secularmultiple in which we incorporate hybrid integration techniques, and orbit-averaging corrections. With this update, the user can specify which orbits should be integrated directly (without averaging), or assuming averaged orbits. For orbits that are integrated directly, we implemented two integration techniques, one which is based on the regularized Kustaanheimo–Stiefel equations of motion in element form. We also implemented analytical orbit-averaging corrections for pairwise interactions to quadrupole order. The updates presented here provide more flexibility for integrating the long-term dynamical evolution of hierarchical multiple systems. By effectively combining direct integration and orbit averaging the long-term evolution can be accurately computed, but with significantly lower computational cost compared to existing direct N-body codes. We give a number of examples in which the new features are beneficial. Our updated code, which is written in c++ supplemented with a user-friendly interface in python, is freely available.
Rotational de-excitations of C3H+ (1Σ+) by collision with He: new ab initio potential energy surface and scattering calculations
Authors: Kumar Sanchit , Dhilip Kumar T J 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Molecular ions play an important role in the astrochemistry of interstellar and circumstellar media. C3H+ has been identified in the interstellar medium recently. A new potential energy surface of the C3H+–He van der Waals complex is computed using the ab initio explicitly correlated coupled cluster with the single, double and perturbative triple excitation [CCSD(T)-F12] method and the augmented correlation consistent polarized valence triple zeta (aug-cc-pVTZ) basis set. The potential presents a well of 174.6 cm−1 in linear geometry towards the H end. Calculations of pure rotational excitation cross-sections of C3H+ by He are carried out using the exact quantum mechanical close-coupling approach. Cross-sections for transitions among the rotational levels of C3H+ are computed for energies up to 600 cm−1. The cross-sections are used to obtain the collisional rate coefficients for temperatures T ≤ 100 K. Along with laboratory experiments, the results obtained in this work may be very useful for astrophysical applications to understand hydrocarbon chemistry.
Shock propagation in accretion discs around merging black holes: self-similar solution
Authors: Bisikalo D V , Zhilkin A G 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
To date, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo gravitational wave detectors have registered several events due to merging binary black holes. It is considered that black holes are surrounded by the circumbinary accretion disc therefore such events must be followed by perturbation of the disc and an increase in the flux of electromagnetic radiation from these objects. Our recent numerical investigations have shown that the heating of matter caused by a shock wave leads to an increase in luminosity. This shock wave arises in the accretion disc due to the central object mass loss as a result of the radiation of gravitational waves. In this paper, a self-similar solution is considered. In this solution the accretion disc perturbation is described in a region, dominated by gas pressure, and the matter opacity is determined by Thomson electron scattering processes. Such an analytical model allows us to approximately estimate the magnitude of the electromagnetic response of the gravitational wave event without time-consuming numerical calculations.
Cosmological insights into the assembly of the radial and compact stellar halo of the Milky Way
Authors: Elias Lydia M , Sales Laura V , Helmi Amina , Hernquist Lars 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Recent studies using Gaia DR2 have identified a massive merger in the early history of the Milky Way (MW) whose debris is dominated by radial and counterrotating orbits. This event, dubbed the Gaia-Enceladus/Gaia-Sausage (GE/GS), is also hypothesized to have built the majority of the inner stellar halo. We use the cosmological hydrodynamic simulation Illustris to place this merger in the context of galaxy assembly within lambda cold dark matter. From ∼150 MW analogues, $\sim \!80 {{ \rm {per\ cent}}}$ have experienced at least one merger of similar mass and infall time as the GE/GS. Within this sample, 37 have debris as radial as the GE/GS, which we dub the ancient radial mergers (ARMs). Counterrotation is not rare among ARMs, with $43 {{ \rm {per\ cent}}}$ having $\gt 40 {{ \rm {per\ cent}}}$ of their debris in counterrotating orbits. However, the compactness inferred for the GE/GS debris given its large radial orbital anisotropy, β, and its substantial contribution to the stellar halo are difficult to reproduce. The median radius of ARM debris is r*,deb ≃ 45 kpc, while GE/GS is thought to be mostly contained within r ∼ 30 kpc. For most MW analogues, few mergers are required to build the inner stellar halo, and ARM debris only accounts for (median) $\sim \!12 {{ \rm {per\ cent}}}$ of inner accreted stars. Encouragingly, we find one ARM that is both compact and dominates the inner halo of its central, making it our best GE/GS analogue. Interestingly, this merger deposits a significant number of stars (M* ≃ 1.5 × 109 M⊙) in the outer halo, suggesting that an undiscovered section of GE/GS may await detection.
Collisional excitation of H2S by molecular hydrogen
Authors: Dagdigian Paul J 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
Accurate estimates of the abundance of H2S, and inferences about the unmeasured H2 density, require accurate knowledge of radiative and collisional rate coefficients. Time-independent close-coupling quantum scattering calculations have been employed to compute rate coefficients for (de-)excitation of para- and ortho-H2S in collisions with para- and ortho-H2. These calculations utilized a potential energy surface for the interaction of H2S with H2 recently computed by the explicitly correlated CCSD(T)-F12a coupled-cluster method. Rate coefficients for temperatures ranging from 5 to 500 K were calculated for all transitions among the first 19 rotational levels of H2S, whose energies are less than or equal to 405 K. These rate coefficients are compared with previous estimates of these quantities.
Polymorphisms in human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable genes and their upstream regions
Authors: Mikocziova Ivana , Gidoni Moriah , Lindeman Ida , Peres Ayelet , Snir Omri , Yaari Gur , Sollid Ludvig M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Germline variations in immunoglobulin genes influence the repertoire of B cell receptors and antibodies, and such polymorphisms may impact disease susceptibility. However, the knowledge of the genomic variation of the immunoglobulin loci is scarce. Here, we report 25 potential novel germline IGHV alleles as inferred from rearranged naïve B cell cDNA repertoires of 98 individuals. Thirteen novel alleles were selected for validation, out of which ten were successfully confirmed by targeted amplification and Sanger sequencing of non-B cell DNA. Moreover, we detected a high degree of variability upstream of the V-REGION in the 5′UTR, L-PART1 and L-PART2 sequences, and found that identical V-REGION alleles can differ in upstream sequences. Thus, we have identified a large genetic variation not only in the V-REGION but also in the upstream sequences of IGHV genes. Our findings provide a new perspective for annotating immunoglobulin repertoire sequencing data.
dotdotdot: an automated approach to quantify multiplex single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) images in complex tissues
Authors: Maynard Kristen R , Tippani Madhavi , Takahashi Yoichiro , Phan BaDoi N , Hyde Thomas M , Jaffe Andrew E , Martinowich Keri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Multiplex single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) is a powerful method for validating RNA sequencing and emerging spatial transcriptomic data, but quantification remains a computational challenge. We present a framework for generating and analyzing smFISH data in complex tissues while overcoming autofluorescence and increasing multiplexing capacity. We developed dotdotdot (https://github.com/LieberInstitute/dotdotdot) as a corresponding software package to quantify RNA transcripts in single nuclei and perform differential expression analysis. We first demonstrate robustness of our platform in single mouse neurons by quantifying differential expression of activity-regulated genes. We then quantify spatial gene expression in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using spectral imaging and dotdotdot to mask lipofuscin autofluorescence. We lastly apply machine learning to predict cell types and perform downstream cell type-specific expression analysis. In summary, we provide experimental workflows, imaging acquisition and analytic strategies for quantification and biological interpretation of smFISH data in complex tissues.
Recurrent tumor and treatment-induced effects have different MR signatures in contrast enhancing and non-enhancing lesions of high-grade gliomas
Authors: Cluceru Julia , Nelson Sarah J , Wen Qiuting , Phillips Joanna J , Shai Anny , Molinaro Annette M , Alcaide-Leon Paula , Olson Marram P , Nair Devika , LaFontaine Marisa , Chunduru Pranathi , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Cha Soonmee , Chang Susan M , Berger Mitchel S , Lupo Janine M 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiating treatment-induced injury from recurrent high-grade glioma is an ongoing challenge in neuro-oncology, in part due to lesion heterogeneity. This study aimed to determine whether different MR features were relevant for distinguishing recurrent tumor from the effects of treatment in contrast-enhancing lesions (CEL) and non-enhancing lesions (NEL).MethodsThis prospective study analyzed 291 tissue samples (222 recurrent tumor, 69 treatment-effect) with known coordinates on imaging from 139 patients who underwent preoperative 3T MRI and surgery for a suspected recurrence. 8 MR parameter values were tested from perfusion-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and MR spectroscopic imaging at each tissue sample location for association with histopathological outcome using generalized estimating equation models for CEL and NEL tissue samples. Individual cutoff values were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with 5-fold cross-validation.ResultsIn tissue samples obtained from CEL, elevated relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was associated with the presence of recurrent tumor pathology (P &lt; 0.03), while increases in normalized choline (nCho) and choline-to-NAA index (CNI) were associated with the presence of recurrent tumor pathology in NEL tissue samples (P &lt; 0.008). A mean CNI cutoff value of 2.7 had the highest performance, resulting in mean sensitivity and specificity of 0.61 and 0.81 for distinguishing treatment-effect from recurrent tumor within the NEL.ConclusionAlthough our results support prior work that underscores the utility of rCBV in distinguishing the effects of treatment from recurrent tumor within the contrast enhancing lesion, we found that metabolic parameters may be better at differentiating recurrent tumor from treatment-related changes in the NEL of high-grade gliomas.
Increased activation of HDAC1/2/6 and Sp1 underlies therapeutic resistance and tumor growth in glioblastoma
Authors: Yang Wen-Bin , Hsu Che-Chia , Hsu Tsung-I , Liou Jing-Ping , Chang Kwang-Yu , Chen Pin-Yuan , Liu Jr-Jiun , Yang Shung-Tai , Wang Jia-Yi , Yeh Shiu-Hwa , Chen Ruei-Ming , Chang Wen-Chang , Chuang Jian-Ying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Although the use of first-line temozolomide can reduce tumor growth, therapy-induced stress drives stem cells out of quiescence, leading to chemoresistance and glioblastoma recurrence. The specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor is known to protect glioblastoma cells against temozolomide; however, how tumor cells hijack this factor to gain resistance to therapy is not known.

Methods
Sp1 acetylation in temozolomide-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres was analyzed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. Effects of the histone deacetylase (HDAC)/Sp1 axis on malignant growth were examined using cell proliferation–related assays and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, integrative analysis of gene expression with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and the recurrent glioblastoma omics data were also used to further determine the target genes of the HDAC/Sp1 axis.

Results
We identified Sp1 as a novel substrate of HDAC6, and observed that the HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 pathway promotes self-renewal of malignancy by upregulating B cell-specific Mo-MLV integration site 1 (BMI1) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), as well as by regulating G2/M progression and DNA repair via alteration of the transcription of various genes. Importantly, HDAC1/2/6/Sp1 activation is associated with poor clinical outcome in both glioblastoma and low-grade gliomas. However, treatment with azaindolyl sulfonamide, a potent HDAC6 inhibitor with partial efficacy against HDAC1/2, induced G2/M arrest and senescence in both temozolomide-resistant cells and stemlike tumorspheres.

Conclusion
Our study uncovers a previously unknown regulatory mechanism in which the HDAC6/Sp1 axis induces cell division and maintains the stem cell population to fuel tumor growth and therapeutic resistance.
Does the Primacy System Work? State versus Federal Implementation of the Clean Water Act
Authors: Fowler Luke , Birdsall Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the United States, environmental federalism largely relies on a system for policy implementation that allows the federal government to delegate primary program authority (or primacy) to state agencies. Although it is an ingrained feature of several major federal environmental policies, such as the Clean Water Act (CWA), there is little evidence to indicate what impact delegating authorities has on programs. In order to examine this, the authors use a synthetic control technique to determine how actual CWA program outcomes in five states compare to expected outcomes if EPA retained primary authority. Findings indicate that while there were no significant differences in Texas and Oklahoma, state primacy led to improved program outcomes in Florida, but worse outcomes in Maine and South Dakota. Conclusions suggest that primacy has asymmetrical impacts that largely depend on state implementation systems, which carries important implications for environmental federalism.
EP10 A rare cause of lobular panniculitis
Authors: Mudawi Tareg , Amoasii Constanta , Clewes Adrian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Weber-Christian disease is a rare inflammatory disorder of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. It is characterised by painful relapsing, subcutaneous nodules occurring preferentially at the upper arm, thigh and trunk regions. The disease is often accompanied by recurrent temperatures and constitutional symptoms.

Methods
We aimed to increase awareness regarding clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare disorder.

Results
A 65 year old female had been investigated thoroughly within a period of 7 years by a number of dermatology and rheumatology departments of North West hospitals. Symptoms started after mastitis with skin rash in form of macular blanching on upper abdomen and episodes of fever ranging between 38 and 40 degree Celsius, fatigability and arthritis. C-reactive protein was 300 mg/l, Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate 150 mm/H and haemoglobin 95 g/L, positive lupus anticoagulant and negative anti-nuclear antibodies as well as extractable nuclear antibodies and normal complement levels C3 and C4 . Investigations results showed no evidence of infection, malignancy, vasculitis or connective tissue disease. PET scan revealed subcutaneous fat inflammation with increased uptake in mediastinum fat, initial skin biopsy showed lobular panniculitis with mild dermatitis suggestive of lupus profundus. Symptoms and inflammatory markers responded well to steroids however all tried DMARDs (methotrexate, azathoprime, hydroxychlorquine and mycophenolate) as well as dapsone and colchicine were not successful. In addition, 2 doses of rituximab were also ineffective in controlling her disease. Following a required excessive steroid therapy she developed cataract, osteopenia, and diabetes and became cushingoid. Repeated biopsy from the skin showed mixed inflammatory lobular pannicuilitis with neutrophils, lymphocytes and histiocytic. As per Dermatology Multi-Disciplinary Team the diagnosis of Weber-Christian disease was raised. As her condition continued to be very active she was also referred to London, where treatment with anakinra was organised.

Conclusion
The diagnosis of Weber-Christian disease depends on the presence of relapsing fever, systemic inflammation and panniculitis and prognosis varies depending on the response to steroids or DMARDs. For diagnosis you need to exclude all likely differential diagnoses of lobular panniculitis, like infections, certain malignancies, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, pancreatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. In conclusion, the patient has symptoms and signs as well as investigation results in keeping with Weber-Christian disease. Due to the rare nature of this disease the patient went through, multiple rheumatology and dermatology reviews and investigations and treatment trials over a period of 7 years prior to the correct diagnosis being reached. We believe reporting this case would raise awareness and improve on future patients journeys and care.

Disclosures
T. mudawi None. C. Amoasii None. A. Clewes None.
EP24 A comparison of the effect of written leaflets, online information and real-time Doppler images: a qualitative study in South Asians
Authors: Kumar Kanta , Bradbury-Jones Caroline , Armitage Christopher J , Peters Sarah , Raizada Sabrina , Wong Peter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
There is poor medication adherence in patients of South Asian origin with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There are limited interventions to improve patient engagement. The objective of this study was to explore how patients of South Asian origin make sense of their disease after receiving written leaflets compared to online information or visualising real-time Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) images of their inflamed joints.

Methods
Patients of South Asian origin with RA were recruited from two NHS hospitals in the West Midlands, UK. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken following exposure to vignettes designed to elicit patients’ perspectives on: (1) written leaflets, (2) online information to complement face-to-face interaction with healthcare professionals, and (3) DUS during the early stages of the disease journey. Data were analysed thematically until data saturation was reached in twenty individuals.

Results
The responses to vignette scenarios were described by patients: [1] perspectives on written leaflets at the early stages of the disease journey, [2] perspectives of online information to compliment face-to-face interaction with healthcare professionals, [3] perspective of DUS during the early stages of the disease journey. Overall, patients found real-time DUS more valuable in understanding RA and RA medications compared to other methods. Patients reported DUS reduced anxiety and helped address misconceptions about long-term disease and its ability to be controlled.

Conclusion
We have developed new understanding regarding the educational utility of a DUS session in patients of South Asian origin and how these sessions can be optimised to increase patient engagement and medication adherence.

Disclosures
K. Kumar None. C. Bradbury-Jones None. C. Armitage None. S. Peters None. S. Raizada None. P. Wong None.