bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health, Psychological Distress, and Coping in Australian Cross‐Cultural Prison Populations
Authors: Rose Arran , Trounson Justin S. , Louise Stephanie , Shepherd Stephane , Ogloff James R. P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe rates of mental illness are significantly higher in prison populations compared to the general community; however, little research has examined the rates of mental illness for cross‐cultural groups of prisoners in Australia. This omission is concerning given the increasingly diverse nature of the Australian prison population. To address this gap in knowledge, the present study aimed to identify rates of key mental health factors and associated psychological processes in a cohort of 191 men from culturally and linguistically diverse, Indigenous Australian and English‐speaking backgrounds who were incarcerated at a maximum‐security prison in Victoria, Australia. We also explored differences in both psychological distress levels and predictors of psychological distress. Although no significant mental health differences were identified cross‐culturally, the results revealed that several mental health factors predicted psychological distress for all prisoners, F(11, 147) = 33.23, p < .001, R2 = .71. The experiences of anxiety and sleep disturbance–related symptoms, β = .34; depressive symptoms, β = .19; posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, β = .25; and the use of psychological processes, such as avoidance coping, β = .16; and engagement in cognitive fusion, β = .15, all predicted psychological distress. The use of positive thinking as a coping strategy was found to predict a reduced level of psychological distress for prisoners, β = −.13. The findings indicated that the mental health profiles of cross‐cultural groups of prisoners are similar in nature, suggesting that justice involvement may be a more useful predictor than cultural differences concerning psychological health.
Identification of Site Types for Ethylene/1‐Olefin Copolymerization in Two‐Reactor System Using Simultaneous Deconvolution of Molecular Weight and Chemical Composition Distribution
Authors: Chayrattanaroj Tamaned , Anantawaraskul Siripon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEthylene/1‐olefin copolymers have been commercially produced with multiple‐site‐type Ziegler–Natta catalysts in a two‐reactor system, which allows the production of polymers with a broad range of microstructures and properties. In this work, the simultaneous deconvolution procedure for two‐reactor system is developed to help identify an appropriate number of site types for catalysts in each reactor, estimate chain microstructures, and mass fraction of polymers produced on each site type, and also estimate mass fraction of polymers produced from each reactor. This simultaneous deconvolution procedure will allow us to understand the behavior of each site type in each reactor, which will lead to a better control of polymer chain microstructures for such a complex system.
PCAT6 mediates cellular biological functions in gastrointestinal stromal tumor via upregulation of PRDX5 and activation of Wnt pathway
Authors: Bai Fangyun , Zhang Na , Fang Wei , He Xiangyi , Zheng Yan , Gu Donghua 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. Prostate cancer associated transcript 6 (PCAT6) is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and plays a pivotal role in tumor formation. Present study was designed to explore the function of PCAT6 in GIST. Ki67 staining, colony formation and trypan blue staining assays revealed that PCAT6 boosted GIST cell proliferation but inhibited cell apoptosis. Also, sphere formation assay and Western blot uncovered the promoting role of PCAT6 in GIST stemness. Then, we identified that PCAT6 could activate Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. And the tumor facilitator role of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was validated in the rescue assays. Next, miR‐143‐3p was identified as the downstream microRNA of PCAT6. Moreover, miR‐143‐3p itself served as a tumor suppressor in GIST. Subsequently, peroxiredoxin 5 (PRDX5) was verified as the target of miR‐143‐3p. PCAT6 promoted GIST cell proliferation and stemness via sponging miR‐143‐3p to upregulate PRDX5. In a word, PCAT6 promoted GIST cell proliferation and stemness but inhibited cell apoptosis via competing endogenous RNA pattern and activation of Wnt pathway, which might contribute to GIST treatment.
Alternative splicing related genetic variants contribute to bladder cancer risk
Authors: Guo Zheng , Zhu Huanhuan , Xu Weidong , Wang Xi , Liu Hanting , Wu Yanling , Wang Meilin , Chu Haiyan , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence has shown that aberrant alternative splicing (AS) events are involved in the carcinogenesis. The association between genetic variants in AS and bladder cancer susceptibility remains to be fully elucidated. We searched for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are located in splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) in bladder cancer through CancerSplicingQTL database and the 1000 Genomes Project. A case‐control study including 580 cases and 1,101 controls was conducted to assess the association between the functional genetic variants and bladder cancer risk. Next, we used GTEx, TCGA, and GEO databases conducting sQTL analysis and gene expression differences analysis to evaluate the potential biological function of the candidate SNPs and related genes. We found that SNP rs4383 C>G was remarkably related with the reduced risk of bladder cancer (odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.59‐0.79, P = 3.91 × 10−7). Similar results were obtained in codominant, dominant and recessive model. Stratified analyses revealed that the effect of SNP rs4383 C>G on bladder cancer was more significant in the older subjects (age > 65), female and nonsmokers. sQTL analysis showed that SNP rs4383 was associated with the AS events of its downstream gene MAFF with a splicing event of alternative 5′ splice site. The messenger RNA expression of MAFF in bladder tumor tissues was lowered compared with normal tissues. Patients with high expression of MAFF had higher survival rates. These findings indicated that SNP rs4383 related with the AS events of MAFF was associated with bladder cancer risk and could represent a possible biomarker for bladder cancer susceptibility.
The phenotype‐driven computational analysis yields clinical diagnosis for patients with atypical manifestations of known intellectual disability syndromes
Authors: Jezela‐Stanek Aleksandra , Ciara Elżbieta , Jurkiewicz Dorota , Kucharczyk Marzena , Jędrzejowska Maria , Chrzanowska Krystyna H. , Krajewska‐Walasek Małgorzata , Żemojtel Tomasz 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundDue to extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity of intellectual disability (ID) syndromes, the process of diagnosis is very challenging even for expert clinicians. Despite recent advancements in molecular diagnostics methodologies, a significant fraction of ID patients remains without a clinical diagnosis.Methods, results, and conclusionsHere, in a prospective study on a cohort of 21 families (trios) with a child presenting with ID of unknown etiology, we executed phenotype‐driven bioinformatic analysis method, PhenIX, utilizing targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) data and Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)‐encoded phenotype data. This approach resulted in clinical diagnosis for eight individuals presenting with atypical manifestations of Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome 2 (MIM 613684), Spastic Paraplegia 50 (MIM 612936), Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (MIM 605130), Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2 (MIM 300590), Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome 1 (MIM 300352), Glass Syndrome (MIM 612313), Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 31 (MIM 616158), and Bosch–Boonstra–Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (MIM 615722).
Urodynamic and clinical studies in patients with late‐onset Pompe disease and lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Kuchenbecker Katharina S. , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Kornblum Cornelia , Jaekel Anke , Anding Ralf , Kohler Annette 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsIn late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD), a lysosomal storage disorder with glycogen accumulation in several tissues, patients suffer from progressive skeletal muscle weakness. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) have rarely been reported. The aim of this study is to objectively assess LUTS in patients with LOPD for the first time using urodynamic studies and to determine differences between LOPD patients with and without LUTS.MethodsEighteen patients with LOPD were recruited, of whom seven patients (38.9%) reported LUTS (both voiding and storage symptoms). Six of these patients underwent urodynamic studies. Medical histories and motor function tests were compared between the 7 patients with LUTS and the 11 patients without LUTS. The Student t test was used to determine an association between the two cohorts.ResultsIn the seven LOPD patients with LUTS urodynamics revealed neurogenic dysfunction, underactive detrusor, and bladder outlet obstruction. These patients had suffered from clinical symptoms for a longer period of time before starting enzyme replacement therapy (P = .017) than patients without LUTS. They also scored more poorly on muscle function tests. Urodynamic results point to neurogenic causes for LUTS in LOPD, that is, neurogenic reflex bladder or impaired filling sensation. This could be due to glycogen accumulation in the urothelium and central nervous system. Patients with LUTS also seem to be more severely affected by LOPD than patients without LUTS.ConclusionLUTS in LOPD requires early and specific treatment to limit the development of severe health problems. Urodynamic studies should be considered in assessing LUTS.
Overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence in men undergoing artificial urinary sphincter placement
Authors: Jahromi Mona S. , Engle Kyrra , Furlong Daniel , Guevara Méndez Alejandra , Gomez Christopher S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeTo assess persistent and de novo rates of overactive bladder (OAB) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) in patients with incontinence after prostate treatment (IPT) focusing on differences between surgical intervention vs radiation.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 79 patients who underwent primary artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement and activation from a single surgeon between February 2012 and November 2017. Four patients with neurogenic bladder were excluded and two with insufficient follow‐up. The primary outcome measures were persistent OAB, persistent UUI, and pad usage before and after AUS placement.ResultsAfter activation of the AUS, 67% of non‐radiated patients had resolution of urgency incontinence vs only 31% of the radiated patients (P = .096). After activation of the AUS, resolution of OAB symptoms was more common in the non‐radiated group. We found 53% of the non‐radiated group vs only 22% of the radiated group had resolution of their urinary urgency (P = .045). Previous history of radiation was a risk factor for OAB after implantation of AUS (odds ratio [OR], 3.63; P = .010). Postoperative oral medical pharmacotherapy for OAB was higher in those with previous radiation vs those without prior radiation (66.7% vs 25.7%, P = .001). A history of OAB or UUI did not affect social continence after AUS placement.ConclusionRadiation is a risk for continued OAB after AUS activation. Appropriate counseling is necessary pre‐ and postoperatively to manage patient expectations and provide additional medical therapies. Mixed urinary incontinence or OAB symptoms should not exclude patients from undergoing AUS placement.
Costs, equity and acceptability of three policies to prevent obesity: A narrative review to support policy development
Authors: Lobstein Tim , Neveux Margot , Landon Jane 
Published: April 2020

SummaryObesity prevention policies are a priority for many governments and intergovernmental agencies. Policy makers not only use systematic reviews of effectiveness but also consider contextual issues including cost and cost‐effectiveness, equity, rights, acceptability and feasibility. To support their work, the present narrative review examines three contextual issues (costs, equity and acceptability) in relation to three policies for obesity prevention: sweetened beverage taxes, front‐of‐pack nutrition labelling and restrictions on advertising to children. Literature searches led to over 1100 documents, of which 125 informed the present review. Beverage taxes were found likely to be highly cost‐effective, moderately favourable for health equity, supported by the public (depending on the use of revenues) and by health professionals and civil society groups and opposed by commercial interests. Depending on the design, front‐of‐pack nutritional labelling is likely to be highly cost‐effective, moderately favourable for health equity, supported by the public, health professionals and civil society groups, and opposed by commercial interests. Restrictions on child‐directed advertising are likely to be highly cost‐effective in the longer term, moderately favourable for health equity, supported by the public, health professionals and civil society groups and opposed by commercial interests (unless voluntary). The evidence base needs strengthening, but the authors find that all three policies merit consideration by governmental authorities, and should be implemented to reduce obesity risk.
Integration of TRIZ, morphological chart and ANP method for development of FRP composite portable fire extinguisher
Authors: Asyraf M. R. M. , Rafidah M. , Ishak M. R. , Sapuan S. M. , Yidris N. , Ilyas R. A. , Razman M. R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis manuscript explains the conceptual design of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites portable fire extinguisher. In this project, the integration of theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), morphological chart and analytic network process (ANP) methods was applied to produce the concept designs. The current design of fire extinguisher possesses great difficulties to many users due to its weight and design. In this study, a new design was developed to replace the existing heavy and bulky fire extinguisher design. A preliminary steps were used in the design planning to construct a proper direction to create a new design product. Afterwards, the detailing of the engineering parameters was refined using the TRIZ contradiction matrix to provide inventive solutions for the product. The finalised inventive solution from TRIZ is later incorporated with the morphological chart along with ANP technique to systematically develop the final conceptual design of portable fire extinguisher. The results showed that Concept Design 1 scored the highest value and ranked first among the four designs proposed. Finally, challenges of the portable fire extinguisher design and the improving criteria in concurrent engineering were presented.
Theoretical investigation ofparaamino‐dichloro chalcone isomers, part I: A DFT structure—stability study
Authors: Hussein Haval A. , Fadhil Ghazwan F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChalcones are versatile compounds with various biological activities and nonlinear optical applications. This study investigated thetransandcisisomers of 3‐(x,y‐dichlorophenyl)‐1‐(4′‐NH2‐phenyl)‐2‐propen‐1‐one, where (x) and (y) represent the positions of the two chlorine atoms [(2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6), (3,4) and (3,5)] and their cyclic chromene isomers. The B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) method was used, with a 6‐311G (d,p) basis set. Calculations revealed thattranschalcones prefers‐cisconformations. Thesynconformation, in which chlorine atoms at carbon (2) or (3) is parallel to the carbonyl group, was more stable than theanti‐synintranschalcones. However, incischalcones, the opposite result was obtained. In contrast, (3,4) chalcones behaved in the opposite manner, for bothtransandcisisomers. This order of conformation stability did not change when dispersion correction (DC) was incorporated in the calculations. Geometry optimisation with DC revealed that thetrans(3,5) chalcone is the most stable, and thecis(2,3) chalcone is the least stable isomer in both chalcone series. However, (2,6) chromene was the most stable in chromene series isomers and the (3,4) chromene as the least stable. Calculated heat of hydrogenations forcisandtransisomers revealed thattransandcis(3,4) chalcones are the most stable in each series. However,transandcis(2,6) chalcones are the least stable in each series. The stability of the three isomers, with and without DC, was determined as the following order:trans>cis> chromene.
High‐throughput measurement of peanut canopy height using digital surface models
Authors: Sarkar Sayantan , Cazenave Alexandre‐Brice , Oakes Joseph , McCall David , Thomason Wade , Abbot Lynn , Balota Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oilseed crop in the United States and worldwide with high net returns. However, input costs are high (US$1,970–$2,220 ha−1), and yield in excess of 4,500 kg ha−1 is needed to offset the costs. Since yield is limited by biotic and abiotic stresses, newer cultivars with tolerance to these stresses are needed to optimize yield. Plant height and canopy architecture may affect crop water use and plant disease resistance. However, measuring canopy height is a time‐consuming process. Surface elevation models from red–green–blue (RGB) aerial images have been successfully developed to estimate genetic differences of plant height for tall crops like corn (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench]; but they have not been tested for short crops like peanut with a runner growth habit and much smaller height differences among genotypes. The objective of this study was to derive canopy height of peanut from digital surface models (DSM). Images were aerially taken using a digital camera mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Images were orthomosaiced to create the DSM and the digital terrain model (DTM) of the plot. Canopy height was derived by subtracting the DTM from the DSM in ArcGIS software. Results showed that the RGB derived canopy height was highly correlated to the manually measured height (R2 = .953). We propose the methods used here as fast and relatively easy selection tools for breeders and crop growth evaluators of peanut plant height.
Hot trends and impact in permafrost science
Authors: Sjöberg Ylva , Siewert Matthias B. , Rudy Ashley C.A. , Paquette Michel , Bouchard Frédéric , Malenfant‐Lepage Julie , Fritz Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn increased interest in Arctic environments, mainly due to climate change, has changed the conditions for permafrost research in recent years. This change has been accompanied by a global increase in scientific publications, as well as a trend towards open access publications. We have analyzed abstracts, titles and keywords for publications on permafrost from 1998 to 2017 to identify developments (topics, impact and collaboration) in the field of permafrost research in light of these changes. Furthermore, to understand how scientists build on and are inspired by each other's work, we have (a) developed citation networks from scientific publications on permafrost and (b) conducted an online survey on inspiration in permafrost science. Our results show an almost 400% increase in publications containing the word permafrost in the title, keywords or abstract over the study period, and a strong increase in climate‐change‐related research in terms of publications and citations. Survey respondents (n = 122) find inspiration not only in scientific journal publications, but to a large extent in books and public outreach materials. We argue that this increase in global‐scope issues (i.e., climate change) complementing core permafrost research has provided new incentives for international collaborations and wider communication efforts.
Quantum Computation Toolbox for Decoherence‐Free Qubits Using Multi‐Band Alkali Atoms
Authors: Mamaev Mikhail , Thywissen Joseph H. , Rey Ana Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProtocols for designing and manipulating qubits with ultracold alkali atoms in 3D optical lattices are introduced. These qubits are formed from two‐atom spin superposition states that create a decoherence‐free subspace immune to stray magnetic fields, dramatically improving coherence times while still enjoying the single‐site addressability and Feshbach resonance control of state‐of‐the‐art alkali atom systems. The protocol requires no continuous driving or spin‐dependent potentials, and instead relies upon the population of a higher motional band to realize naturally tunable in‐site exchange and cross‐site superexchange interactions. As a proof‐of‐principle example of their utility for entanglement generation for quantum computation, it is shown that the cross‐site superexchange interactions can be used to engineer 1D cluster states. Explicit protocols for experimental preparation and manipulation of the qubits are also discussed, as well as methods for measuring more complex quantities such as out‐of‐time‐ordered correlation functions (OTOCs).
Multinuclear MAS NMR Characterization of Fly‐Ash‐Based Advanced Sodium Aluminosilicate Geopolymer: Exploring Solid‐State Reactions
Authors: Gupta Rainy , Tomar Akshay Singh , Mishra Deepti , Sanghi Sunil Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdvanced geopolymerization includes concept of just addition of water to ready mixture of dry precursor powder. For exploring the coordination environments of binary glass systems, this work presents multinuclear MAS NMR analysis of advanced geopolymer produced by solid state mechanochemical co‐grinding of raw materials. The crystalline and amorphous phases of advanced geopolymer were already characterized with XRD in our previous study. This study focus on multinuclear (29Si, 27Al and 23Na) MAS NMR analysis for exploring the coordination environments of Si/Al/Na nuclei in advanced geopolymer. 29Si, 27Al and 23Na MAS NMR spectra of fly ash, advanced geopolymeric precursor material and advanced geopolymer are qualitatively estimated which enables an understanding of insertion of Al in silicate network ensuing solid state reactions during mechanochemical co‐grinding process. By combining the NMR interpretations, it can be suitably said that mechanochemical co‐grinding is a feasible way to induce local defects in amorphous Si/Al content which lead to variation in bond angles and variations in Si/Al constellations. Results may be very useful to understand framework connectivity, chemistry and behavior of advanced geopolymers produced by solid state route and the developed advanced geopolymer finds its potential application as “ready to use” cementitious material for large scale commercialization.
Vocabulary and time based bug‐assignment: A recommender system for open‐source projects
Authors: Sajedi‐Badashian Ali , Stroulia Eleni 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBug‐assignment (BA), the task of ranking developers in terms of the relevance of their expertise to fix a new bug report is time consuming, which is why substantial attention has been paid to developing methods for automating it. In this article, we describe a new BA approach that relies on two key intuitions. Similar to traditional BA methods, our method constructs the expertise profile of project developers, based on the textual elements of the bugs they have fixed in the past; unlike traditional methods, however, our method considers only the programming keywords in these bug descriptions, relying on Stack Overflow as the vocabulary for these keywords. The second key intuition of our method is that recent expertise is more relevant than past expertise, which is why our method weighs the relevance of a developer's expertise based on how recently they have fixed a bug with keywords similar to the bug at hand. We evaluated our BA method using a dataset of 93k bug‐report assignments from 13 popular GitHub projects. In spite of its simplicity, our method predicts the assignee with high accuracy, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art methods.