bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive Norms but not Harm Reduction Strategies as a Mediator of Personalized Boosters After a Computerized College Drinking Intervention
Authors: Braitman Abby L. , Lau‐Barraco Cathy 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundComputer‐delivered programs to reduce college drinking have strong appeal but are sometimes less efficacious than their in‐person counterparts. Boosters may be an ideal way to strengthen and extend the effects of computerized interventions while maintaining low cost and easy dissemination. However, little is known about how they work. Consequently, the current study aimed to explore descriptive perceived drinking norms and use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as potential mediators of booster effects. We also examined norms and PBS as mediators of the main intervention. The present study was a follow‐up analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial (Alcohol Clin Exp Res 42, 2018, 1735) testing the efficacy of emailed boosters containing personalized feedback after a computerized alcohol intervention.MethodsParticipants were 537 (67.4% women) emerging adult college drinkers (M age = 19.65, SD = 1.67). They were randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions: general health education, alcohol intervention only, or alcohol intervention plus booster email. Participants completed assessments at baseline and follow‐ups through 9 months.ResultsDescriptive norms were a mediator of booster efficacy where receiving the booster yielded stronger reductions in alcohol use through reduced concurrent norms; however, fully longitudinal models did not reach significance. There was also an indirect effect for the intervention where those who received the intervention experienced an increase in drinking through increased concurrent norms. However, a stronger direct effect was found where those who received the intervention experienced a stronger decrease in drinking after controlling for norms. There was no support for PBS as a mediator of booster or intervention efficacy.ConclusionsThe present study was the first, to our knowledge, to demonstrate a potential mechanism of change in booster interventions. A simple, succinct reminder via email led to reductions in perceptions of how much peers drink, and this led to reductions in alcohol consumption. Our findings support the promise of utilizing brief and easily implemented targeted messaging to enhance the potency of computerized interventions for college drinkers.
Distribution of Phosphatidylethanol in Maternal and Fetal Compartments After Chronic Gestational Binge Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Naik Vishal , Lunde‐Young Raine , Ramirez Josue , Lee Jehoon , Ramadoss Jayanth 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a promising biomarker for gestational alcohol exposure. Studies show PEth accumulation in maternal and fetal blood following alcohol exposure; however, distribution of specific PEth homologues (16:0/18:1, 16:0/18:2, 16:0/20:4) in maternal and fetal blood is unknown. Additionally, PEth levels in highly vulnerable FASD targets in maternal and fetal compartments remain unexplored. We hypothesized that all 3 major PEth homologues will be detectable in the maternal and fetal blood, the maternal uterine artery (a reproductive tissue that delivers oxygen and nutrients to fetoplacental unit), and fetal brain regions following gestational binge alcohol exposure and that homologue distribution profiles will be tissue‐specific.MethodsPregnant rats received once‐daily orogastric gavage of alcohol (Alcohol; BAC 216 mg/dl@4.5g/kg/d; BAC 289 mg/dl@6g/kg/d) or iso‐caloric maltose dextrin (Pair‐fed control) from gestation days (GD) 5 to 20 or 21. Following chronic exposure, maternal and fetal tissues were analyzed for PEth homologue concentrations utilizing LC‐MS/MS technology.ResultsAll 3 PEth homologues were detected in alcohol‐exposed maternal blood, fetal blood, maternal uterine artery, and fetal brain regions (hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum). In both maternal and fetal blood, respectively, PEth 16:0/18:2 was more abundant compared to 16:0/18:1 (p < 0.0001,~66%,↑; p = 0.0159, 20.4%↑) and 16:0/20:4 (p = 0.0072,~25%↑; p = 0.0187, 19.4%↑). Maternal PEth 16:0/20:4 was ~ 42% higher than 16:0/18:1 (p = 0.0015). Maternal PEth 16:0/18:2 and 16:0/20:4 were ~ 25%↑ and ~ 20%↑ higher than in fetal blood (p < 0.05). No homologue differences were detected in the maternal uterine artery. In all fetal brain regions, PEth 16:0/18:1 was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than 16:0/18:2 (~48 to 78%↑) and 16:0/20:4 (~31 to 62%↑) concentrations. PEth 16:0/20:4 was ~ 18% higher than 16:0/18:1 (p < 0.05) in the fetal hippocampus and cortex.ConclusionAll major PEth homologues were detected in maternal and fetal blood following chronic gestational binge alcohol exposure; homologue distribution profiles were tissue‐specific. This study also provides insights into PEth accumulation in critical FASD targets, specifically the maternal uterine artery and fetal brain.
Differentiating borderline personality disorder (BPD) from bipolar disorder: diagnostic efficiency of DSM BPD criteria
Authors: Bayes A.J. , Parker G. B. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWe sought to determine the differential diagnostic efficiency of all DSM‐IV borderline personality disorder (BPD) criteria by studying a sample of those with BPD and a contrast group with a bipolar disorder (BP).MethodParticipants were clinically assessed and assigned diagnoses based on DSM criteria – with prevalence rates and diagnostic efficiency values calculated.ResultsFifty‐three participants were assigned a BPD diagnosis, 83 a BP diagnosis, with comorbid participants excluded. The mean number of DSM BPD criteria assigned was 6.6 (SD = 1.0) in the BPD group and 1.9 (SD = 1.3) in the BP group. The most prevalent criterion in the BPD group was ‘affective instability’ (AI) (92.5%), with ‘inappropriate anger’ least endorsed (49%). The highest specificity criterion was ‘abandonment fears’, which displayed the greatest positive predictive value (PPV) = 0.9, and with AI offering the lowest specificity. ‘Unstable relationships’ had the highest overall negative predictive value (NPV) = 0.91. The highest percentage accuracy of classification was provided by ‘identity disturbance’ and ‘abandonment fears’ criteria, both 85%.ConclusionThe transdiagnostic nature of ‘affective instability’ means it is less useful for diagnostic decisions, whereas ‘abandonment fears’ and ‘identity disturbance’ offer superior diagnostic efficiency in distinguishing BPD from BP.
Macrophage‐derived progranulin promotes allergen‐induced airway inflammation
Authors: Choi Jun‐Pyo , Park So Young , Moon Keun‐Ai , Ha Eun Hee , Woo Yeon Duk , Chung Doo Hyun , Kwon Hyouk‐Soo , Kim Tae‐Bum , Park Hae‐Sim , Moon Hee‐Bom , Song Woo‐Jung , Cho You Sook 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundProgranulin (PGRN), mainly produced by immune and epithelial cells, has been known to be involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases. However, the function of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation has not been clearly elucidated, and we investigated the role of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation.MethodsProduction of PGRN and various type 2 cytokines was evaluated in mouse airways exposed to house dust mite allergen, and main cellular sources of these molecules were investigated using macrophage, airway epithelial cell, and NKT cell lines. We elucidated the role of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation in mouse models of asthma using macrophage‐derived PGRN‐deficient mice and NKT cell knockout mice by evaluating cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and histopathology. We also supplemented recombinant PGRN in the mouse models to confirm the role of PGRN in allergic airway inflammation.ResultsPGRN production preceded other cytokines, mainly from macrophages, in the airway exposed to allergen. PGRN induced IL‐4 and IL‐13 production in NKT cells and IL‐33 and TSLP in airway epithelial cells. PGRN‐induced Th2 cytokine production was abolished in NKT‐deficient mice. Finally, allergic inflammation was significantly attenuated in allergen‐exposed PGRN‐deficient mice, but inflammation was restored when recombinant PGRN was supplemented during the allergen sensitization period.ConclusionThe presence of macrophage‐derived PGRN in airways in the early sensitization period may be critical for mounting a Th2 immune response and for following an allergic airway inflammation pathway via induction of type 2 cytokine production in NKT and airway epithelial cells.
Is allergy immunotherapy with birch sufficient to treat patients allergic to pollen of tree species of the birch homologous group?
Authors: Kleine‐Tebbe Jörg , Zuberbier Torsten , Werfel Thomas , Krüll Matthias , Wagenmann Martin , Johansen Niels , Adler Würtzen Peter , Wolf Hendrik , Mücke Victoria , Wüstenberg Eike , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPollen from various Fagales tree species prolongs the season and makes tree pollen allergy a major health problem. Despite involving the same causative allergens, allergy immunotherapy (AIT) treatment habits differ significantly across different geographical regions. Diagnosis and treatment with AIT in patients allergic to tree pollen were discussed by a group of German medical experts who give practical recommendations based on the available data. Regulatory perspective: According to current guidelines on allergen products, birch pollen are the representative allergen source of the birch homologous group including several Fagales trees based on sequence and structural similarity of their allergen proteins. Immunological perspective: A high level of IgE cross‐reactivity towards allergens from the birch homologous group has been observed in basic research and clinical trials. Clinical perspective: Clinical trial data show that the efficacy of birch pollen AIT is not only related to birch pollen allergy but extends to pollen from other trees, especially alder, hazel and oak. In order to optimize diagnosis and treatment of tree pollen allergy, the experts recommend to focus diagnosis and respective treatment with AIT primarily to birch as the representative allergen of the Fagales tree homologous group, but further diagnostics may be needed for some patients to determine adequate treatment.
The maternal and perinatal implications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a multiple pregnancy cohort
Authors: Hayes‐Ryan Deirdre , Meaney Sarah , Hodnett Aoibhin , Geisler Minna , O'Donoghue Keelin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionHypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common and may result in increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Multiple pregnancies confer an increased risk of development of a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine a large cohort of women delivering a multiple pregnancy in a single large tertiary unit, and to evaluate the implications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on both maternal and perinatal outcomes.Material and methodsRetrospective study of all twin pregnancies delivered at Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland over a 9‐year period (2009‐2017). The twin pregnancies were divided according to the presence or absence of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and the two groups were compared.ResultsMaternal age >40 years, nulliparity, conception through use of a donor oocyte, and presence of obstetric cholestasis are all risk factors for the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women with a multiple pregnancy. When a hypertensive disorder complicates a twin pregnancy, it increases the incidence of iatrogenic late prematurity and neonatal hypoglycemia.ConclusionsThis study is informative for clinicians caring for women with a multiple pregnancy with its relevant data on perinatal outcomes following a diagnosis of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy.
First‐in‐human, randomized dose‐escalation study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of PF‐06480605 in healthy subjects
Authors: Banfield Christopher , Rudin Dan , Bhattacharya Indranil , Goteti Kosalaram , Li Gang , Hassan‐Zahraee Mina , Brown Lisa S. , Hung Kenneth E. , Pawlak Sylvester , Lepsy Christopher 
Published: November 2019

AimsHuman genetic, tissue expression, proteomics, transcriptomics and nonclinical studies implicate tumour necrosis factor α‐like ligand 1A (TL1A) as a novel target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PF‐06480605, a fully human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody, targets TL1A. This first‐in‐human, Phase 1, dose‐escalation study assessed safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) PF‐06480605 in healthy subjects (NCT01989143).MethodsNinety‐two subjects were randomized to single ascending doses (SAD), PF‐06480605 1 mg, 3 mg, 10 mg, 30 mg, 100 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg or 800 mg IV, or multiple ascending doses (MAD), PF‐06480605 3 × 500 mg IV, or 3 × 30 mg, 3 × 100 mg, or 3 × 300 mg SC every 2 weeks for three doses, or placebo. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity profiles and total TL1A, anti‐drug antibody (ADA) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were assessed at pre‐determined times.ResultsPF‐06480605 SAD up to 800 mg IV and MAD up to 300 mg ×3 SC and 500 mg ×3 IV were well tolerated. Overall, there were 45 and 44 treatment‐emergent adverse events in SAD and MAD cohorts, respectively, and no deaths or serious adverse events. PF‐06480605 exposure generally increased dose‐dependently. ADA and NAb levels did not impact safety, pharmacokinetics, or pharmacodynamics at higher doses. Target engagement was demonstrated through dose‐dependent differences in serum total soluble TL1A concentrations for PF‐06480605 vs placebo cohorts.ConclusionsPF‐06480605 was generally well tolerated, and binding of soluble TL1A was maintained throughout the dose interval, supporting further study of PF‐06480605 in patients with IBD and other inflammatory conditions.
Post‐marketing assessment of generic tamoxifen in Brazilian breast cancer patients
Authors: Ximenez João P. , Lanchote Vera L. , Bello Marcelo A. , Iocken Fernanda H. S. , Obadia Renata C. M. , de Sousa Valéria P. , Suarez‐Kurtz Guilherme 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeneric formulations of tamoxifen are commonly prescribed to oestrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer patients at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA). We carried out a post‐marketing surveillance of the generic tamoxifen formulation in current use at INCA, by comparing plasma concentrations of the parent drug and metabolites obtained with the generic vs the reference formulation. Thirty patients participated in an open‐label, bracketed protocol, comprising 3 successive phases of 30‐32 days each: the generic formulation was used in phases 1 and 3 and the reference formulation in phase 2. Two blood samples were collected in the last 4 days of each phase, for LC‐MS/MS quantification of tamoxifen and metabolites in plasma. The median plasma concentrations (ng/mL) for the reference formulation were as follows: tamoxifen, 135.0 (CI 95% 114.2‐155.8); endoxifen, 35.3 (30.0‐40.8); and 4‐hydroxytamoxifen, 4.8 (4.2‐5.4). The endoxifen/tamoxifen plasma concentration ratio was 0.27 (0.21‐0.25). ANOVA detected no statistically significant difference in plasma concentrations of tamoxifen, metabolites or the endoxifen/tamoxifen ratio among the three phases. The genetic component (rGC) of the CYP2D6‐mediated conversion of tamoxifen into endoxifen, estimated using the repeated drug administration procedure across the three phases, was 0.87, pointing to an important component of genetic variability. In conclusion, this first post‐marketing surveillance trial of oncologic generic drugs carried out in Brazilian patients verified the switchability between the reference and the generic tamoxifen formulation currently used at our institution. The adopted bracketed protocol adds confidence to this conclusion and may serve as a frame for future trials of post‐marketing assessment of other generic drug products.
Pollen‐recorded bioclimatic variations of the last ~2000 years retrieved from Bayan Nuur in the western Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Ran Min , Sun Aizhi 
Published: November 2019

The palaeoclimatic variations during the past ~2000 years in western Mongolia were reconstructed using a high‐resolution pollen sequence obtained from Bayan Nuur. The pollen‐based mean annual precipitation (MAP) from Bayan Nuur and the tree ring‐based temperature anomalies from the nearby Altai Mountains exhibit a ‘warm‐dry’ Roman Warm Period (RWP; ~1900 to ~1500 cal. aBP), a ‘cool‐wet’ Dark Age Cold Period (DACP; ~1500 to ~1150 cal. aBP), a ‘warm‐dry’ Medieval Warm Period (MWP; ~1150 to ~800 cal. aBP) and a ‘cool‐wet’ Little Ice Age (LIA; ~800 to ~100 cal. aBP). Nevertheless, the Current Warm Period (CWP; since ~100 cal. aBP) is an exception that fits a ‘warm‐wet’ mode. A more detailed comparison between the pollen‐basedMAPcurve and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index curve suggests that the higher‐precipitation episodes generally corresponded with more negativeNAOepisodes. The chronological correspondence between the higher‐precipitation episodes and the more negativeNAOepisodes means that more Atlantic storm tracks originated from the southern part of the North Atlantic Ocean and also from the Mediterranean Sea during negativeNAOepisodes. It implies that the precipitation variations during the past two millennia have been modulated primarily byNAOvariations and negatively phasedNAOsettings contributed to more winter precipitation in Bayan Nuur basin.
Naringenin attenuates non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by down‐regulating the NLRP3/NF‐κB pathway in mice
Authors: Wang Qinyu , Ou Yangjie , Hu Guomin , Wen Cong , Yue Shanshan , Chen Cong , Xu Lu , Xie Jiawei , Dai Hui , Xiao Han , Zhang Youyi , Qi Rong 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposeNaringenin, a flavonoid compound with strong anti‐inflammatory activity, attenuated non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a methionine‐choline deficient (MCD) diet in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this suppression of inflammation and NAFLD remain unknown.Experimental ApproachWT and NLRP3−/− mice were fed with MCD diet for 7 days to induce NAFLD and were given naringenin by gavage at the same time. in vitro experiments used HepG2 cells, primary hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells (KCs) stimulated by LPS or LPS plus oleic acid (OA).Key ResultsTreating WT mice with naringenin (100 mg·kg−1·day−1) attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in the livers of mice given the MCD diet. NLRP3−/− mice showed less hepatic lipid accumulation than WT mice, but naringenin did not ameliorate hepatic lipid accumulation further in NLRP3−/− mice. Treating the HepG2 cells with naringenin or NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 reduced lipid accumulation. Naringenin inhibited activation of the NLRP3/NF‐κB pathway stimulated by OA together with LPS. In KCs isolated from WT mice, naringenin inhibited NLRP3 expression. Naringenin also inhibited lipid deposition, NLRP3 and IL‐1β expression in WT hepatocytes but was not effective in NLRP3−/− hepatocytes. After re‐expressing NLRP3 in NLRP3−/− hepatocytes by adenovirus, the anti‐lipid deposition effect of naringenin was restored.Conclusion and ImplicationsNaringenin prevented NAFLD via down‐regulating the NLRP3/NF‐κB signalling pathway both in KCs and in hepatocytes, thus attenuating inflammation in the mice livers.
Adding the missing third and fourth dimensions to trajectory analysis in carbonate systems
Authors: Tesch Philipp , Reece Robert S. , Markello James R. , Laya Juan Carlos , Pope Michael C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe developed a seismic geomorphology‐based procedure to enhance traditional trajectory analysis with the ability to visualize and quantify lateral variability along carbonate prograding‐margin types (ramps and rimmed shelves) in 3D and 4D. This quantitative approach analysed the shelf break geometric evolution of the Oligo‐Miocene carbonate clinoform system in the Browse Basin and delineated the feedback between antecedent topography and carbonate system response as controlling factor on shelf break rugosity. Our geometrical analysis identified a systematic shift in the large‐scale average shelf break strike direction over a transect of 10 km from 62° to 55° in the Oligo‐Miocene interval of the Browse Basin, which is likely controlled by far‐field allogenic forcing from the Timor Trough collision zone. Plotting of 3D shelf break trajectories represents a convenient way to visualize the lateral variability in shelf break evolution. Shelf break trajectories that indicate contemporaneous along‐strike progradation and retrogradation correlate with phases of autogenic slope system re‐organization and may be a proxy for morphological stability of the shelf break. Shelf break rugosity and shelf break trajectory rugosity are not inherited parameters and antecedent topography does not dictate long‐term differential movement of the shelf margin through successive depositional sequences. The autogenic carbonate system response to antecedent topography smooths high‐rugosity areas by filling accommodation and maintains a relatively constant shelf break rugosity of ~150 m. Color‐coding of the vertical component in the shelf break trajectory captures the creation and filling of accommodation, and highlights areas of the transect that are likely to yield inconsistent 2D sequence stratigraphic interpretations.
Cannabis policy diffusion in Ontario and New Brunswick: Coercion, learning, and replication
Authors: Train Andrew , Snow Dave 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article integrates Hall’s (1993) social learning framework, as well as more recent contributions, into the literature on policy diffusion to better identify the goals, instruments, and precise settings for recreational cannabis policy in New Brunswick and Ontario. We analyze committee hearings, Hansard debates, and government reports and find that policy diffused via three mechanisms: coercion due to the federal criminal law power, learning from Washington and Colorado, and replication of analogous provincial policies concerning tobacco and alcohol. We also find the non‐binding federal Task Force on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation had a considerable effect on the diffusion of goals, instruments, and settings.
Cannabis legalization and the machinery of government
Authors: Wesley Jared J. , Salomons Geoff 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study compares provincial and territorial approaches re‐organizing the machinery of government to promote efficiency, innovation, and continuous improvement in legalizing recreational cannabis. Based on interviews with government officials from across Canada, our research assesses the effectiveness of various models, which ranged from officials‐level working groups and task teams to cabinet committees and formal secretariats. Findings reveal that, while governments took more integrated, network‐style approaches to policy development, modes of policy implementation and evaluation involved more conventional modes of hierarchy and market‐based organization. This shift will impact governments’ ability to execute and evaluate the legalization process.