bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Fractures After Geriatric Ground-Level Falls Are a Marker of Functional Decline and Warrant Trauma Center Admission
Authors: St Hilaire Cameron , Johnson Arianne , Loseth Caitlin , Alipour Hamid , Faunce Nick , Kaminski Stephen , Sharma Rohit 
Published: October 2020

Ground-level falls (GLFs) are a frequent source of injury in the geriatric population. Facial fractures (FFs) are one subsequent injury that can occur and may be an important marker of functional decline. We conducted a retrospective analysis over a 6-year period of patients 65 years and older sustaining one or more FFs due to a GLF (n = 28). Demographics, comorbidities, FF patterns, concomitant injuries, procedures, and outcomes were analyzed. The mean age was 80.0 ± 8.2 years, 64% were male, 12 patients (43%) were on oral anticoagulants prior to injury, and mean injury severity score was 8.3 ± 7.0. Five patients (18%) had LeFort fractures (1 with LeFort I, 4 with LeFort II), and 5 (18%) had isolated mandible fractures (2 were bilateral). Nearly half of all patients suffered neurological injury (concussion: 18%, intracranial hemorrhage: 29%). Average hospital length of stay (LOS) was 4.0 ± 2.9 days. Eight patients (29%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission with an average ICU-LOS of 2.8 ± 1.2 days. Surgical management was required in 4 patients (14%). More than half of the patients returned home (54%), 25% were discharged to a skilled nursing facility, 4% to rehabilitation, 7% to hospice, and 7% expired. Nearly one-third of patients required discharge to a higher level of care facility than their location prior to injury. GLF-induced FFs are often associated with significant injuries and serve as an indicator of functional decline. These injuries warrant trauma center admission for comprehensive evaluation and management.
A Comparative Analysis of Anglo-Dutch Approaches to ‘Cyber Policing’: Checks and Balances Fit for Purpose?
Authors: Brants Chrisje , Jackson Adam , Wilson Tim J 
Published: October 2020

This article examines two contrasting approaches to the governance of police investigations for ensuring that cybercrime-policing is lawful and ethical. The Netherlands has a national police force working under the direction of an equally centralised prosecution service according to specific laws on the use of special powers of surveillance, with evidence tested judicially when added incrementally to the case file. Theoretically, the process of adapting to the novel features of cybercrime policing should be much easier than within the much more fragmented policing structure in England and Wales, where unreliable evidence is challengeable only at the trial stage and the laws governing police action are equally fragmented. The Dutch police, however, have not found it easy to adapt concepts of covert policing developed in the 1990’s to their on-line investigative activities, despite the existence of comparatively detailed guidance and case law for undercover policing in the ‘real’ world. In the UK, the police seem unsure which requirements and concepts actually apply to their different on-line-investigations. More generally, it is concluded that legal comparisons of the kind undertaken in this article can identify general bottlenecks and barriers to adapting to the cyber environment, but such analysis cannot identify best practices that are readily transferable from one country to another. Legal transplants are a potentially hazardous undertaking because any practices and policies that work successfully will do so because they are necessarily compliant with the underlying systemic legal-cultural factors that make each legal system unique. Indeed, we make no attempt to identify best practices, other than to remark that the centralised nature of Dutch policing seems to afford some advantage, although, for historical and legal-cultural reasons, centralisation is unlikely to be an option for the UK police forces
Head and Neck Cancer Screening Events Are a Mixed Bag, in Response to: “Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening”
Authors: Straughan Alexander J. , Zapanta Philip E. , Goodman Joseph F. 
Published: October 2020

We read with great interest, “Follow-Up Phone Interviews and Attendance Motivation From A Free Head and Neck Cancer Screening.” Having recently hosted a community head and neck cancer screening event and shared these findings with the otolaryngology community, we greatly appreciate this most recent contribution to the ongoing discussion. Identifying the motivational factors for being screened is a valuable addition to the literature, as these are important considerations for institutions seeking to hold their own head and neck cancer screening events.
The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and childhood obesity; the role of family structure: Results from an epidemiological study in 1728 Greek students
Authors: Kanellopoulou Aikaterini , Giannakopoulou Sofia-Panagiota , Notara Venetia , Antonogeorgos George , Rojas-Gil Andrea Paola , Kornilaki Ekaterina N , Konstantinou Eleni , Lagiou Areti , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B 
Published: October 2020

Background: Childhood obesity is among the leading public health challenges, worldwide. Aim: To examine the association between children’s adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and weight status taking into account family structure and related behaviors. Methods: 1728 primary-school Greek students (46% males), from Athens metropolitan area, island of Crete, and the Peloponnese region, were enroled during school years 2014–2016. Children and their parents completed questionnaires which, among others, recorded family structure (i.e., married/cohabited, divorced, single parent, and widowed), dietary and lifestyle habits. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the KIDMED score (range - 4 to 12). Children’s body mass index was calculated and classified as normal, overweight/obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force classification. The working sample was 1142 children (44% males) with a recorded family structure. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 21.7% and obesity was 5.0%; overweight/obesity prevalence was higher among males than females (32.4% vs. 23.3%; p < 0.001). Overweight/obese children had a lower KIDMED score compared to normal weight (median (range): 4 (–2, 11) vs. 5 (–1, 10), p = 0.05). An inverse association between KIDMED score and children’s weight status (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.95 (0.89–0.99)) was observed. Interaction between family structure and KIDMED was observed ( p < 0.001); stratified analysis revealed that in children from nuclear families the KIDMED score was inversely associated with the likelihood of overweight/obesity (OR (95% CI): 0.95 (0.88–1.00)), whereas in children from single-parent families it was not (OR (95% CI): 0.94 (0.79–1.12)). Conclusion: Adherence to the MD plays a protective role against childhood overweight/obesity, particularly among children living in nuclear families.
Rate of Force Development Remains Reduced in the Knee Flexors 3 to 9 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Medial Hamstring Autografts: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nielsen Jakob Lindberg , Arp Kamilla , Villadsen Mette Lysemose , Christensen Stine Sommer , Aagaard Per 
Published: October 2020

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a serious injury with a high prevalence worldwide, and subsequent ACL reconstructions (ACLR) appear to be most commonly performed using hamstring-derived (semitendinosus tendon) autografts. Recovery of maximal muscle strength to ≥90% of the healthy contralateral limb is considered an important criterion for safe return to sports. However, the speed of developing muscular force (ie, the rate of force development [RFD]) is also important for the performance of many types of activities in sports and daily living, yet RFD of the knee extensor and flexor muscles has apparently never been examined in patients who undergo ACLR with hamstring autograft (HA). Purpose: To examine potential deficits in RFD, maximal muscle strength (ie, maximal voluntary isometric contraction [MVIC]), and functional capacity of ACLR-HA limbs in comparison with the healthy contralateral leg and matched healthy controls 3 to 9 months after surgery. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence: 3. Methods: A total of 23 young patients who had undergone ACLR-HA 3 to 9 months earlier were matched by age to 14 healthy controls; both groups underwent neuromuscular screening. Knee extensor and flexor MVIC and RFD, as well as functional capacity (single-leg hop for distance [SLHD] test, timed single-leg sit-to-stand [STS] test), were assessed on both limbs. Furthermore, patient-reported knee function (Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) was assessed. Results: Knee extensor and flexor MVIC and RFD were markedly compromised in ACLR-HA limbs compared with healthy contralateral limbs (MVIC for extensor and flexor, 13% and 26%, respectively; RFD, 14%-17% and 32%-39%) and controls (MVIC, 16% and 31%; RFD, 14%-19% and 30%-41%) ( P < .05-.001). Further, ACLR-HA limbs showed reduced functional capacity (reduced SLHD and STS performance) compared with contralateral limbs (SLHD, 11%; STS, 14%) and controls (SLHD, 20%; STS, 31%) ( P < .01-.001). Strength (MVIC) and functional (SLHD) parameters were positively related to the duration of time after surgery ( P < .05), although this relationship was not observed for RFD and STS. Conclusion: Knee extensor and flexor RFD and maximal strength, as well as functional single-leg performance, remained substantially reduced in ACLR-HA limbs compared with noninjured contralateral limbs and healthy controls 3 to 9 months after reconstructive surgery.
Threshold Values for Success After Hip Arthroscopy Using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Assessment: Determining the Minimum Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State
Authors: Kuhns Benjamin D. , Reuter John , Lawton David , Kenney Raymond J. , Baumhauer Judith F. , Giordano Brian D. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Threshold values for patient-reported outcome measures, such as the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS), are important for relating postoperative outcomes to meaningful functional improvement. Purpose: To determine the PASS and MCID after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) questionnaire. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A consecutive series of patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement were administered preoperative and minimum 1-year postoperative PROMIS surveys focusing on physical function (PF) and pain interference (PI). External anchor questions for the MCID and PASS were given with the postoperative PROMIS survey. Receiver operator curves were constructed to determine the threshold values for the MCID and PASS. Curves were generated for the study population as well as separate cohorts segregated by median baseline PF or PI scores and preoperative athletic participation. A multivariate post hoc analysis was then constructed to evaluate factors associated with achieving the PASS or MCID. Results: There were 113 patients (35% male; mean ± SD age, 32.8 ± 12.5 years; body mass index, 25.8 ± 4.8 kg/m2), with 60 (53%) reporting preoperative athletic participation. Survey time averaged 77.5 ± 49.2 seconds. Anchor-based MCID values were 5.1 and 10.9 for the PF and PI domains, respectively. PASS thresholds were 51.8 and 51.9 for the PF and PI, respectively. PASS values were not affected by baseline scores, but athletic patients had a higher PASS threshold than did those not participating in a sport (53.1 vs 44.7). MCID values were affected by preoperative baseline scores but were largely independent of sports participation. A post hoc analysis found that 94 (83%) patients attained the MCID PF while 66 (58%) attained the PASS PF. A multivariate nominal logistic regression found that younger patients ( P = .01) and athletic patients ( P = .003) were more likely to attain the PASS. Conclusion: The PROMIS survey is an efficient metric to evaluate preoperative disability and postoperative function after primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. The MCID and PASS provide surgeons with threshold values to help determine PROMIS scores that are clinically meaningful to patients, and they can assist with therapeutic decision making as well as expectation setting.
An algorithm for precise localization of measurements in rolling stock-based diagnostic systems
Authors: Carnevale M , La Paglia I , Pennacchi P 
Published: October 2020

The paper describes the development and the validation of an algorithm for the geo-localization of trains, specifically designed for diagnostic applications of rolling stock and infrastructure. The algorithm exploits two signals commonly available on commercial trains, namely odometry and GPS, combined to overcome the drawbacks they both show when adopted individually. The algorithm’s flow consists of a map matching procedure for the projection of GPS acquisitions on digital maps of the railway line, followed by a robust fit to correlate the map-matched data to the odometry data. The system is specifically conceived to be adopted in rolling-stock based diagnostic system, to correlate the diagnostic indices to the actual position where they are gathered along the line. It is specifically designed to operate on double-track railways, even if its adoption in multi-track scenario typical of commuter rail would be possible by means of further integration with balise signals or other train control data. Results from track tests on a high-speed train with instrumented pantographs and bogies show that the developed algorithm allows to obtain a good repeatability of diagnostic indicators collected during repeated runs of the train along the same track. This result set the basis for the automation of data analysis in a wayside server, and for the computerization of the comparison of data belonging to homogeneous track sections, so as to perform a trend analysis.
Telemedicine communication using instant messaging technology improves pre‐hospital triage in high mountain train disasters
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsi , Wong Tak‐Yee , Chen Hsiu‐Chun , Huang Jui‐Fang , Wang Chung‐Jing 
Published: October 2020

Background:Differences between pre‐hospital triage by an emergency medical technician and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment triage (START) by emergency staffs often affect manpower management and aggravate the chaos condition of emergency room.Objectives:Under the assistance of instant messaging, the authors aimed to identify ways of improving triage differences between emergency medical technician triage grading and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment triage grading by emergency staffs.Methods:Recorded photographs of all patients were reviewed by a smartphone. We categorized patients according to three triage conditions: group 1, accident scene on‐site or instantaneous Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment triage by the emergency medical technician; group 2, triage under Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment grading by emergency staffs; group 3, re‐triage with START grading using recorded photographs, Glasgow Coma Scale, and vital signs when these patients were arrived in emergency room. The Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test, Spearman rank correlations, and Kruskal–Wallis test are employed to test differences among the groups. We used risk estimates with odds ratios and the chi‐square test to statistically analyze the differences in triage grading.Results:Statistical analysis found conflicting results among Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank test, Spearman rank correlations, and Kruskal–Wallis test. The difference in triage grading between groups 2 and 1 was greater than that between groups 2 and 3 (odds ratio, 6.473; 95% confidence interval, 1.693–24.470; p‐value < 0.05).Conclusion:Transferred photographs combined with Glasgow Coma Scale and vital signs can help us to understand the real situations of patients. With instant messaging applications, it is possible to make more precise pre‐hospital or instantaneous triage.
The Effect of 5-Minute Mindfulness of Peace on Suffering and Spiritual Well-Being Among Palliative Care Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Yik Lim Liang , Ling Look Mei , Ai Lim Min , Ting Ang Bin , Capelle David Paul , Zainuddin Sheriza Izwa , Beng Tan Seng , Chin Loh Ee , Loong Lam Chee 
Published: October 2020

Background: Mindfulness practices may have a role in reducing suffering and improving spiritual well-being among patients with serious illness. The efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of such interventions warrant further exploration in the palliative care population. Objective: To investigate the effect of a brief mindfulness practice, the 5-minute mindfulness of peace intervention, on suffering and spiritual well-being among palliative care patients. Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted on adult palliative care patients with moderate to severe levels of suffering. Participants in the intervention arm were guided through a 5-minute mindfulness of peace exercise while participants in the control arm received 5 minutes of active listening. Pre- and post-intervention suffering and spiritual well-being were measured using the Suffering Pictogram and the FACIT-Sp-12 questionnaire, respectively. Results: 40 participants completed the study. 5-minute mindfulness of peace significantly reduced suffering (median = -3.00, IQR = 2.00) more than 5 minutes of active listening (median = -1.00, IQR = 1.75), U = 73.50, z = -3.48, p = 0.001, η2 = 0.31. FACIT-Sp-12 score also significantly improved in the intervention arm (median = +5.00, IQR = 2.75) compared with the control arm after 5 minutes (median = +1.00, IQR = 3.00), U = 95.50, z = -2.85, p = 0.004, η2 = 0.21. Conclusions: A brief 5-minute mindfulness of peace exercise is effective in providing immediate relief of suffering and improving spiritual well-being. It is a useful and feasible intervention among patients receiving palliative care for rapidly and momentarily reducing spiritual suffering.
Evaluation of an Online Home Caregiver Support Program for Non-Professional Caregivers of Patients With Palliative Care Needs
Authors: Boyko Robert M. , Sodhi Sukhmani , Herman Dakoda J. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Caring for loved ones with palliative needs can be very stressful for carers’. To address this growing issue, an online Home Caregiver Support Program course was created to provide information to non-professional home caregivers about end-of-life care. Objectives: To measure non-professional caregivers’ perceived level of competence in addressing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs before and after completing online training modules. Methods: Learners rated their competence before and after completing online modules addressing 4 key dimensions relevant to palliative caregivers. Self-ratings of competence were assessed through surveys, completed before and after the online modules. Scores from before and after each module were compared to determine if the online course had increased participant competence. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze participant responses to the pre- and post-survey questions. Results: A total of 176 participants who completed one or more of the online modules between July 2017-December 2018, 70 (40%) of the participants completed at least one pre- and post-module survey and did not declare themselves as a professional caregiver. Participating in the online Home Caregiver Support Program increased participants’ ratings of perceived competence in all domains (p < .01). This significance was maintained when professional caregivers were added to our analysis. Conclusion: After the completing the modules, participants’ self-ratings of perceived competence increased suggesting that participants completing the online program had improved knowledge in addressing the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual challenges faced by non-professional caregivers.
Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Syndromes Due to Coronaviruses Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pinedo-Torres Isabel , Flores-Fernández Magaly , Yovera-Aldana Marlon , Gutierrez-Ortiz Claudia , Zegarra-Lizana Paolo , Intimayta-Escalante Claudio , Moran-Mariños Cristian , Alva-Diaz Carlos , Pacheco-Barrios Kevin 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Only 3 types of coronavirus cause aggressive respiratory disease in humans (MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2). It has been reported higher infection rates and severe manifestations (ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and death) in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes comorbidity and its associated unfavorable health outcomes in patients with acute respiratory syndromes for coronavirus disease according to virus types. Methods: Systematic review of literature in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scielo until April of 2020. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies with no restriction by language or geographical zone. The selection and extraction were undertaken by 2 reviewers, independently. The study quality was evaluated with Loney’s instrument and data were synthesized by random effects model meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was quantified using an I2 statistic. Funnel plot, Egger, and Begg tests were used to evaluate publication biases, and subgroups and sensitivity analyses were performed. Finally, we used the GRADE approach to assess the evidence certainty (PROSPERO: CRD42020178049). Results: We conducted the pooled analysis of 28 studies (n = 5960). The prevalence analysis according to virus type were 451.9 diabetes cases per 1000 infected patients (95% CI: 356.74-548.78; I2 = 89.71%) in MERS-Cov; 90.38 per 1000 (95% CI: 67.17-118.38) in SARS-Cov-1; and 100.42 per 1000 (95% CI: 77.85, 125.26 I2 = 67.94%) in SARS-Cov-2. The mortality rate were 36%, 6%, 10% and for MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2, respectively. Due to the high risk of bias (75% of studies had very low quality), high heterogeneity ( I2 higher than 60%), and publication bias (for MERS-Cov studies), we down rate the certainty to very low. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM in patients with acute respiratory syndrome due to coronaviruses is high, predominantly with MERS-Cov infection. The unfavorable health outcomes are frequent in this subset of patients. Well-powered and population-based studies are needed, including detailed DM clinical profile (such as glycemic control, DM complications, and treatment regimens), comorbidities, and SARS-Cov-2 evolution to reevaluate the worldwide prevalence of this comorbidity and to typify clinical phenotypes with differential risk within the subpopulation of DM patients.