bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in Chinese Australian mothers: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kuswara Konsita , Campbell Karen J. , Hesketh Kylie D. , Zheng Miaobing , Laws Rachel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
While exclusive breastfeeding is recommended to 6 months of age, just 15% of mothers in Australia achieve this. The rate appears to be even lower among mothers born in China, where 90% have introduced infant formula by this time. This study aimed to examine infant feeding patterns in the first 12 months of life and the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months of age and infant formula introduction by 1 month of age among Chinese Australian mothers.

Methods
Chinese Australian women with a child aged 1 to 4 years born in Australia were recruited through social media and asked to complete an online survey. Chinese ethnicity was defined as the mother or her parents having been born in mainland China, Taiwan or Hong Kong. Infant feeding practices since birth and a range of psychosocial and cultural factors were assessed. A total of 289 Chinese Australian mothers completed the survey. The relationships between exposure variables and exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months or infant formula use by 1 month were examined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
Almost all (93%) mothers initiated breastfeeding, however by 1 month of age exclusive breastfeeding rates reduced to 44%, with a further decline to 33 and 18% at 4 and 6 months respectively. Concurrently, 7% of parents reported infant formula feeding at birth increasing to 55 and 63% at 1 and 6 months of age respectively. The rates of any breastfeeding were 81% at 6 months and 50% at 12 months of age. Breastfeeding intention, self-efficacy and awareness of the infant feeding guidelines were key factors associated with sustained exclusive breastfeeding to 4 months.

Conclusions
While Chinese Australian mothers had comparable exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months to the general Australian population, twice as many had introduced infant formula by 1 month of age. There is an urgent need to support Chinese Australian mothers in the perinatal period to strengthen their knowledge, intention and confidence to delay early introduction of infant formula and promote exclusive breastfeeding in the early postpartum period.
Heart-lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and giant pulmonary artery aneurysm – case report
Authors: Eadington T. , Santhanakrishnan K. , Venkateswaran R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgoundIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) is a rare condition that requires lung transplantation in patients’ refractory to medical therapy. Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a documented complication of IPAH however, optimal management and timing of intervention for this rare entity is not well understood.Case reportWe report a case of a 51-year-old female who underwent heart-lung transplantation for IPAH and giant PAA. The extreme size of the PAA and underlying pathology encountered in this case precluded both lung transplantation and conventional aneurysm repair.ConclusionThis case demonstrates that heart-lung transplantation is a good surgical option for IPAH complicated by giant sized PAA and right heart failure.
Evolution of Haemophilia Care in Europe: 10 years of the principles of care
Authors: Noone D. , O’Mahony B. , Peyvandi F. , Makris M. , Bok A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The European principles of care in haemophilia marked their first decade in 2018. These guiding principles were the beginning of the European Haemophilia Consortium (EHC) review of countries’ adherence to these principles in 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018. The aim of this paper was to examine the implementation of the principles and how they have impacted the evolution of care in the last decade, as well as to identify remaining gaps and proposes future directions.

Methods
In 2018, the EHC distributed a survey to EHC national member organisations in English and Russian and encouraged them to discuss responses with local clinicians for accuracy. Data was also cross-referenced and validated for countries in earlier surveys using additional available resources.

Results
The 10-year-old European principles had a significant impact on the development of care for haemophilia and related bleeding disorders in Europe. They set objectives around which multi-stakeholder groups have established recommendations and specific steps for the progressive improvement of care for bleeding disorders. However, some have been promoted and implemented more than others.

Conclusion
Monitoring adherence to, and impact of, the European Principles of Care significantly assists in tracking developments and highlighting gaps. Countries’ inability to report consistent and coherent data remains a challenge and hinders both provision of treatment and care for patients as well as optimal national and European healthcare systems.
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Nepal Gaurav , Rehrig Jessica Holly , Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Shing Yow Ka , Yadav Jayant Kumar , Ojha Rajeev , Pokhrel Gaurab , Tu Zhi Lan , Huang Dong Ya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Our understanding of the impact this virus has on the nervous system is limited. Our review aims to inform and improve decision-making among the physicians treating COVID-19 by presenting a systematic analysis of the neurological manifestations experienced within these patients.

Methods
Any study, released prior to May 20, 2020, that reported neurological manifestations in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 was systematically reviewed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analysis) statement.

Results
Our systematic review included data from 37 articles: twelve retrospective studies, two prospective studies, and the rest case reports/series. The most commonly reported neurological manifestations of COVID-19 were myalgia, headache, altered sensorium, hyposmia, and hypogeusia. Uncommonly, COVID-19 can also present with central nervous system manifestations such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, encephalo-myelitis, and acute myelitis, peripheral nervous manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and Bell’s palsy, and skeletal muscle manifestations such as rhabdomyolysis.

Conclusion
While COVID-19 typically presents as a self-limiting respiratory disease, it has been reported in up to 20% of patients to progress to severe illness with multi-organ involvement. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are not uncommon, but our study found most resolve with treatment of the underlying infection. Although the timeliness of this review engages current challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, readers must not ignore the limitations and biases intrinsic to an early investigation.
Cell type-specific genome scans of DNA methylation divergence indicate an important role for transposable elements
Authors: Kartal Önder , Schmid Marc W. , Grossniklaus Ueli 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn population genomics, genetic diversity measures play an important role in genome scans for divergent sites. In population epigenomics, comparable tools are rare although the epigenome can vary at several levels of organization. We propose a model-free, information-theoretic approach, the Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD), as a flexible diversity index for epigenomic diversity. Here, we demonstrate how JSD uncovers the relationship between genomic features and cell type-specific methylome diversity inArabidopsis thaliana. However, JSD is applicable to any epigenetic mark and any collection of individuals, tissues, or cells, for example to assess the heterogeneity in healthy organs and tumors.
Growth-uncoupled isoprenoid synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Authors: Orsi Enrico , Mougiakos Ioannis , Post Wilbert , Beekwilder Jules , Dompè Marco , Eggink Gerrit , van der Oost John , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Microbial cell factories are usually engineered and employed for cultivations that combine product synthesis with growth. Such a strategy inevitably invests part of the substrate pool towards the generation of biomass and cellular maintenance. Hence, engineering strains for the formation of a specific product under non-growth conditions would allow to reach higher product yields. In this respect, isoprenoid biosynthesis represents an extensively studied example of growth-coupled synthesis with rather unexplored potential for growth-independent production. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a model bacterium for isoprenoid biosynthesis, either via the native 2-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway or the heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway, and for poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis.

Results
This study investigates the use of this bacterium for growth-independent production of isoprenoids, with amorpha-4,11-diene as reporter molecule. For this purpose, we employed the recently developed Cas9-based genome editing tool for R. sphaeroides to rapidly construct single and double deletion mutant strains of the MEP and PHB pathways, and we subsequently transformed the strains with the amorphadiene producing plasmid. Furthermore, we employed 13C-metabolic flux ratio analysis to monitor the changes in the isoprenoid metabolic fluxes under different cultivation conditions. We demonstrated that active flux via both isoprenoid pathways while inactivating PHB synthesis maximizes growth-coupled isoprenoid synthesis. On the other hand, the strain that showed the highest growth-independent isoprenoid yield and productivity, combined the plasmid-based heterologous expression of the orthogonal MVA pathway with the inactivation of the native MEP and PHB production pathways.

Conclusions
Apart from proposing a microbial cell factory for growth-independent isoprenoid synthesis, this work provides novel insights about the interaction of MEP and MVA pathways under different growth conditions.
Laboratory colonization by Dirofilaria immitis alters the microbiome of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Adegoke Abdulsalam , Neff Erik , Geary Amie , Husser Montana Ciara , Wilson Kevin , Norris Shawn Michael , Dharmarajan Guha , Karim Shahid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
The ability of blood-feeding arthropods to successfully acquire and transmit pathogens of medical and veterinary importance has been shown to be interfered with, or enhanced by, the arthropod’s native microbiome. Mosquitoes transmit viruses, protozoan and filarial nematodes, the majority of which contribute to the 17% of infectious disease cases worldwide. Dirofilaria immitis, a mosquito-transmitted filarial nematodes of dogs and cats, is vectored by several mosquito species including Aedes aegypti.

Methods
In this study, we investigated the impact of D. immitis colonization on the microbiome of laboratory reared female Ae. aegypti. Metagenomic analysis of the V3–V4 variable region of the microbial 16S RNA gene was used for identification of the microbial differences down to species level.

Results
We generated a total of 1068 OTUs representing 16 phyla, 181 genera and 271 bacterial species. Overall, in order of abundance, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most represented phylum with D. immitis-infected mosquitoes having more of Proteobacteria (71%) than uninfected mosquitoes (56.9%). An interesting finding in this study is the detection of Klebsiella oxytoca in relatively similar abundance in infected and uninfected mosquitoes, suggesting a possible endosymbiotic relationship, and has been previously shown to indirectly compete for nutrients with fungi on domestic housefly eggs and larvae. While D. immitis colonization has no effect on the overall species richness, we identified significant differences in the composition of selected bacterial genera and phyla between the two groups. We also reported distinct compositional and phylogenetic differences in the individual bacterial species when commonly identified bacteria were compared.

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to understand the impact of a filarial infection on the microbiome of its mosquito vector. Further studies are required to identify bacteria species that could play an important role in the mosquito biology. While the microbiome composition of Ae. aegypti mosquito have been previously reported, our study shows that in an effort to establish itself, a filarial nematode modifies and alters the overall microbial diversity within its mosquito host.
Age, source, and future risk of COVID-19 infections in two settings of Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Zhu Shuying , Tao Jun , Gao Huizhi , He Daihai 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
To explore and compare the age, source and future risk of COVID-19 infection in Hong Kong SAR China and Singapore as of March 5, 2020.

Results
We find significant difference in age patterns of confirmed cases in these 2 localities early in the pandemic.

Conclusion
We highlight the potential importance of population age structure in confirmed cases, which should be considered in evaluation of the effectiveness of control effort in different localities.
Cerebral organoids as tools to identify the developmental roots of autism
Authors: Chan Wai Kit , Griffiths Rosie , Price David J. , Mason John O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSome autism spectrum disorders (ASD) likely arise as a result of abnormalities during early embryonic development of the brain. Studying human embryonic brain development directly is challenging, mainly due to ethical and practical constraints. However, the recent development of cerebral organoids provides a powerful tool for studying both normal human embryonic brain development and, potentially, the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders including ASD. Substantial evidence now indicates that cerebral organoids can mimic normal embryonic brain development and neural cells found in organoids closely resemble their in vivo counterparts. However, with prolonged culture, significant differences begin to arise. We suggest that cerebral organoids, in their current form, are most suitable to model earlier neurodevelopmental events and processes such as neurogenesis and cortical lamination. Processes implicated in ASDs which occur at later stages of development, such as synaptogenesis and neural circuit formation, may also be modeled using organoids. The accuracy of such models will benefit from continuous improvements to protocols for organoid differentiation.
Intelligent algorithms for cold chain logistics distribution optimization based on big data cloud computing analysis
Authors: Chen Yi-hua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the rapid development of fresh food e-commerce in China has brought about more development opportunities for the cold chain logistics industry but has also presented new challenges. With the development of cloud computing and big data technology, it is increasingly important to study the application of big data and cloud computing technology in cold chain logistics. The purpose of this paper is to study the intelligent algorithm of cold chain logistics distribution optimization based on big data cloud computing analysis. Based on the constituent elements of the cold chain distribution problem and using cloud computing technology to obtain real-time traffic information in the transportation system through a unified access interface, this article analyses the distribution time and cost of refrigerated vehicles, thereby establishing a cold chain distribution vehicle path optimization model. By analysing the parallel programming mode of cloud computing, the parallel design and analysis of a coarse-grained genetic algorithm are used to solve the simulation model of the established optimization model. The experimental results show that the method of optimizing cold chain logistics vehicle routing using cloud computing is effective. When comparing 1, 2, 4, and 8 processors, the execution times are 19.89, 14.52, 8.12, and 6.41, respectively. It can be seen that the more processors there are, the shorter the calculation time.
Soluble IL-2Rα correlates with imbalances of Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 cells in patients with acute brucellosis
Authors: Sun Hua-Li , Ma Cheng-Jie , Du Xiu-Fang , Yang Si-Yuan , Lv Xiao , Zhao Hong , Wang Ling-Hang , Tang Yun-Xia , Li Xing-Wang , Jiang Rong-Meng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies showed that soluble IL-2Rα is an important marker of cellular immune activation and might be a marker of treatment efficacy for children with brucellosis. However, data regarding adult patients with brucellosis were unknown. The aim of study was to explore the potential role of serum sIL-2Rα evaluating treatment responses in adult patients with brucellosis, and T cell immune status was also examined.MethodsDuring January 2016–April 2017, 30 patients with acute brucellosis from the Third People’s Hospital of Linfen in Shanxi Province and Beijing Di Tan Hospital, and 28 healthy controls were included in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected before and after six weeks of antibiotic treatment. Serum sIL-2Rα levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the percentage of Th1, Th2, Tc1, Tc2, and Tregs was detected by flow cytometry after intracellular staining for cytokines (interferon-γ and interleukin-4) and Foxp3 in T lymphocytes from peripheral blood. The obtained data were analyzed with Wilcoxon ranked sum tests for paired values, Mann-Whitney U-tests for comparisons between patients and healthy controls, and Spearman rank tests for correlation analyses.ResultsSerum sIL-2Rα levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls (P = 0.001). A significant decline was observed in patients after the cessation of treatment (P < 0.001) and return to normal (P > 0.05). Th1, Tc1, Th2, and Tc2 cell frequencies were higher in patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05), while the Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratios were significantly lower (P = 0.0305 and 0.0005, respectively) and returned to normal levels after treatment. In patients with acute brucellosis, serum sIL-2Rα levels were negatively correlated with the Th1/Th2 ratio (r = − 0.478,P = 0.028), Tc1/Tc2 ratio (r = − 0.677,P = 0.001), and Tc1 percentage (r = − 0.516,P = 0.017). Serum sIL-2Rα and Tc2 percentages were positively correlated (r = 0.442,P = 0.045).ConclusionsBased on the correlations with Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 ratios, serum sIL-2Rα levels may reflect the immune response status. sIL-2Rα may be a marker for therapeutic efficacy in acute brucellosis.
A multimethod paleointensity approach applied to the historical Xitle lava flows (Central Mexico): towards the accurate paleointensity determination
Authors: Morales Juan , Pérez-Rodríguez Nayeli , Goguitchaichvili Avto , Cervantes-Solano Miguel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn inclusive rock-magnetic and absolute paleointensity survey of the ~ 2-ka-old Xitle volcano (southerly Basin of Mexico) was undertaken to assess the faithfulness of the paleomagnetic log carried by fresh, widely exposed and well-preserved lava flows. Paleomagnetic samples from six lava flows were subjected to paleointensity analysis with a multi-method approach: the Thellier–Coe, IZZI, and multi-specimen methods. Overall mean flow PI values from flows 4–6 obtained by the Thellier-type methods used yielded 68.4 µT (σ = ± 5.6 µT), 63.9 µT (σ = ± 5.8 µT) and 61.5 µT (σ = ± 4.3 µT) for the TC, IZZI, and IZZI with CR correction methods, respectively. Although multi-specimen paleointensity results were, in general, lower than that obtained with the other methods for the same flows, that for Flow 5 (61.8 µT) was very similar to those obtained with the Thellier-type methods. Based on the results obtained, this lava flows sequence could correspond to two eruptive periods; one related with the Xitle volcano (flows 3–6), and another older (flows 1 and 2). The combined archeomagnetic dating of the different flows reinforces this hypothesis, as well as the multi-modal distribution for the age of the Xitle, proposed two decades ago. The application of stricter acceptance criteria and consideration of cooling-rate correction could slightly reduce the scattered observations. The multi-method approach employed under this study, combined with detailed rock-magnetic experiments, may definitively increase the accuracy of paleointensity determinations.
Comparison of conventional and automated freezing methods on PB2 rooster semen cryopreserved with glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide tris coconut-water extender
Authors: Balogun Adedeji Suleimon , Narang Raman , Cheema Ranjna S. , Kumar Ajeet , Singh Narinder , Vijaysingh Malik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Poultry semen cryopreservation remains an easy and promising way of preserving and transferring poultry germplasm. Standardizing and optimizing freezing procedure with natural extender may be a reliable step towards achieving better post-thawed sperm quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four different freezing protocols (FP) on frozen rooster semen extended with tris coconut water extender (TCWE). A total of 20 roosters were used and trained for semen collection. TCWE was prepared by adding coconut water to tris buffer and kept at 37 °C. Semen was collected and pooled from the roosters and was evaluated for motility before dilution procedure. Three different concentrations (8, 10, and 15%) of two intracellular cryoprotectants glycerol and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were supplemented in TCWE. Pooled semen was divided into six equal fractions, and TCWE containing cryoprotectants in different concentrations were diluted with the semen in ratio 1:2 (semen:extender). Diluted semen was manually filled in 0.25 ml straws and sealed. Semen straws were equilibrated for 4 h at 4 °C. Each straw fraction was further divided into four parts, and subjected to four FP (slow freezing 1, 2, 3 and fast freezing 4). Each FP was done on samples containing 8, 10, and 15% glycerol and 8, 10, and 15% DMSO. After each protocol, semen straws were finally deep into liquid nitrogen – 196 °C. After 48 h, the straws were thawed individually to evaluate post/thawed motility, viability, and membrane integrity. The experiment consists of three trials.

Results
At 8% glycerol concentration, FP1 has significantly (P > 0.05) the highest percentage motility (73.33%) compared to FPs 2, 3, and 4 (56.68, 50.00, and 23.33% respectively). At 10% glycerol, FP2 had the highest motility (48.33%) and HOST (64.00%). At 15% glycerol, FP4 (fast freezing) had the highest percentage motility (71.67%), viability (76.33%), and HOST (71.67%). At 8%, DMSO concentrations FP4 had the highest significant (P > 0.05) motility, viability, and HOST. Ten percent and 15% DMSO revealed no significant (P > 0.05) difference in most parameters among all the FPS. DMSO performed better than glycerol irrespective of concentrations in all FPS on most parameters evaluated.

Conclusions
Fast freezing performed better with 15% concentration of glycerol, while slow and fast freezing performed better with 10% and 15% DMSO concentrations, which implies that DMSO may serve as better cryoprotectant for poultry semen freezing irrespective of freezing protocols adopted.