bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gleaning: beyond the subsistence narrative
Authors: Grantham Ruby , Lau Jacqueline , Kleiber Danika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoastal resources are important for the wellbeing and livelihoods of people in coastal communities across the world but are used and valued differently by different people at different times. As such, managing coastal resources equitably requires understanding how and when different people value ecosystems. Gleaning is an important activity in many coastal communities. However, the values of gleaners, and women in general, are often left invisible in coastal ecosystem service assessments and rarely examined in different seasons. Here, we use an exploratory case study to elicit the seasonal values of gleaning to women in a coastal community through an in-depth mixed method case study in Timor-Leste. We found that women gave a variety of instrumental and relational reasons for gleaning and that gleaning values shifted across seasons. Notably, subsistence was not a priority for all gleaners. Instead, there were a diverse range of reasons perceived as important for gleaning including to socialise or to spend time in nature. Our findings highlight the need to move beyond oversimplified understandings of gleaning as simply a matter of meeting basic material needs. The diverse and seasonal value priorities of gleaners in our case study indicate the importance of socially and temporally disaggregated assessments of coastal ecosystem services that account for relational values to support more accurate depictions of coastal livelihoods and equitable management in coastal areas.
Use of NH4Cl for activation of carbon xerogel to prepare a novel efficacious adsorbent for benzene removal from contaminated air streams in a fixed-bed column
Authors: Rastegar Ayoob , Gholami Mitra , Jafari Ahmad Jonidi , Hosseini-Bandegharaei Ahmad , Kermani Majid , Hashemi Yeganeh Kosar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Ammonium chloride as an explosive salt has proved to be a prominent activation agent for adsorbents and increase the specific surface area and volume of cavities. In this work, the ability of this substance was scrutinized for activation of carbon aerogel to prepare an efficient adsorbent for benzene removal from air streams.

Methods
A carbon xerogel was fabricated from Novallac polymer and activated by ammonium chloride.The changes in structure and morphology were considered via Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses. Also, comprehensive studies were conducted to vouchsafe the properties of the new adsorbent for benzene removal, using a fixed-bed column mode.

Results
The results showed both the successful synthesis and the suitability of the activation process. ACX possessed a higher specific surface area (1008 g/m3), compared to the parent carbon xerogel (CX; 543.7 g/m3) and organic xerogel (OX; 47 g/m3), as well as a higher adsorption capacity.

Conclusion
NH4CL is a very beneficial for modifying the structure and morphology of carbon aerogel, and the dynamic behavior of the column with respect inlet benzene concentration can be explained by Yan-Nelson model.
Influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on friction coefficients of a wet clutch in the running-in stage
Authors: Farfan-Cabrera Leonardo Israel , Gallardo-Hernández Ezequiel Alberto , Vite-Torres Manuel , Godínez-Salcedo Jesús Gilberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of oxidation of automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) and sliding distance on the friction coefficients of a wet clutch in approached running-in conditions was investigated. The ATFs were oxidized by a laboratory process approaching oxidation occurred in actual ATFs. Oxidation was evaluated by means of increase in carbonyl compounds and depletion of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates (ZDDPs) additives. Also, the changes in kinematic viscosity and viscosity index were evaluated. Pin-on-disk tests were conducted to replicate the actual sliding contact in a wet clutch. The pin specimens were cut from friction material composite plates and the disks were actual steel separators both from an automotive wet clutch. Friction coefficient, μ, was measured at progressive sliding velocity, ν, to obtain μ-ν curves at 26 and 100 ΰC. Three μ-ν tests were consecutively run using the same pair of specimens and oil. The cumulative sliding distance for each μ-ν test generated surface flattening using the oils. The friction coefficients of the wet clutch increased due to the ATFs oxidation meanwhile the dμ/dυ values decreased in most cases. It suggests that ATF oxidation can enhance torque capacity of the wet clutch, but it could reduce anti-shudder property. Progressive sliding distance improved the slopes in the μ-ν results using fresh ATFs meanwhile it generated a slope decrease by using aged ATFs.
Same but Different: A Comparison of Players’ Perceptions and Motivational Factors in Two Commercially Available AR Games
Authors: Schlomann Anna , Rasche Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn 2019, the Harry Potter-themed augmented reality (AR) game Wizards Unite was released, one which employed the same game mechanics as Pokémon Go. In order to explore the similarities and differences in players’ perceptions, motivations to play, and missing functions in Wizards Unite and Pokémon Go, we conducted a web-based survey which targeted active players of Wizards Unite 14 weeks after its release. The results are compared to a survey applying the same methodology and questions directed at active players of Pokémon Go. An important reason why many players started playing Wizards Unite was that they were already Harry Potter fans. For Wizards Unite players the motivation stemming from public attention was lower compared to that for Pokémon Go players. The main motivating factors drawing players to these games include fun, curiosity, and being physically active. The AR function was not mentioned as a motivating factor for either game. The aspect of players being able to collect and complete the game was more of a motivation for playing Pokémon Go. Although the game mechanisms are similar, we identified specific differences in the motivational factors of the two games. The main difference is the misfit between the general game story with hunting and collecting within the Harry Potter universe. Nevertheless, the theme of the game and its background story can be important long-term motivating factors of Wizards Unite. The findings in this paper provide insights into how one can create AR games that meet players’ needs.
Biased Adjusted Poisson Ridge Estimators-Method and Application
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Månsson Kristofer , Amin Muhammad , Golam Kibria B. M. , Sjölander Pär 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMånsson and Shukur (Econ Model 28:1475–1481, 2011) proposed a Poisson ridge regression estimator (PRRE) to reduce the negative effects of multicollinearity. However, a weakness of the PRRE is its relatively large bias. Therefore, as a remedy, Türkan and Özel (J Appl Stat 43:1892–1905, 2016) examined the performance of almost unbiased ridge estimators for the Poisson regression model. These estimators will not only reduce the consequences of multicollinearity but also decrease the bias of PRRE and thus perform more efficiently. The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, to derive the mean square error properties of the Modified Almost Unbiased PRRE (MAUPRRE) and Almost Unbiased PRRE (AUPRRE) and then propose new ridge estimators for MAUPRRE and AUPRRE. Secondly, to compare the performance of the MAUPRRE with the AUPRRE, PRRE and maximum likelihood estimator. Using both simulation study and real-world dataset from the Swedish football league, it is evidenced that one of the proposed, MAUPRRE ($$ \hat{k}_{q4} $$k^q4) performed better than the rest in the presence of high to strong (0.80–0.99) multicollinearity situation.
Brief report: Gender and ethnicity predict adolescent self‐silencing above and beyond gender ideology
Authors: Puzio Angelica , Best Deborah L. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionFeminist scholars have proposed that adolescents experience a loss of voice termed “self‐silencing” due to the internalization of gender norms. A growing literature shows that the content and strength of adolescents' gender norms is dependent on ethic socialization practices.MethodsWe examined the association among self‐silencing behaviors and gender ideology, measured both explicitly and implicitly, in a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 12–14 year old American adolescents (N = 119, 62 female).Results & conclusionMultiple regression analyses indicated that self‐silencing was weakly associated with implicit gender ideology, but being White and female were larger risk factors for self‐silencing. The internalization of implicit gender norms weakly predicted self‐silencing when adjusting for ethnicity and gender, but we challenge past research by showing gender and ethnicity to be stronger predictors than gender ideology. Self‐silencing occurred in both boys and girls, but was slightly more salient in girls. We report preliminary findings intended for replication due to limitations on statistical power and the introduction of an implicit measurement tool for assessing gender attitudes with adolescents. Implications include clarification of the widely debated association between self‐silencing and gender ideology and the development of more culturally nuanced theories of interpersonal development as it relates to gender and ethnicity during adolescence
How Accessible Is Genital Gender-Affirming Surgery for Transgender Patients With Commercial and Public Health Insurance in the United States? Results of a Patient-Modeled Search for Services and a Survey of Providers
Authors: Terris-Feldman Alexandra , Chen Alessandra , Poudrier Grace , Garcia Maurice 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
In the United States, 1.4–1.65 million people identify as transgender, many of whom will seek genital gender-affirming surgery (GAS). The number of surgeons, geographic proximity thereof, and exclusionary insurance policies has limited patient access to genital GAS.

Aim
To assess the accessibility of both feminizing and masculinizing genital GAS (vaginoplasty, metoidioplasty, and phalloplasty) by identifying the location of GAS surgeons, health insurance, or payment forms accepted.

Methods
Between February and April 2018, genital GAS surgeons were identified via Google search. Surgeons’ offices were contacted by telephone or e-mail.

Main Outcome Measure
We queried the type of genital GAS performed, the health insurance or payment forms accepted, and the type of medical practice (academic, private, or group managed-care practice).

Results
We identified 96 surgeons across 64 individual medical centers offering genital GAS. The survey response rate was 83.3%. Only 61 of 80 (76.3%) surgeons across 38 of 53 (72%) locations confirmed offering genital GAS. Only 20 (40%) U.S. states had at least one genital GAS provider. 30 of 38 (79%) locations reported accepting any form of insurance. Only 24 of 38 (63%) locations (14 academic; 10 private/group) accepted Medicaid (P = .016); 18 of 38 (47%) locations (13 academic; 5 private/group) accepted Medicare (P = .001).

Clinical Translation
Reconciliation of the public policies regarding insurance coverage for GAS with the actual practices of the providers is necessary for improving access to GAS for transgender individuals.

Strengths & Limitations
We purposefully used a methodology mirroring how a patient would find GAS surgeons, which also accounts for key limitations: only surgeons whose services were featured on the internet were identified. We could not verify the services or insurance-related information surgeons reported.

Conclusion
This study suggests that access to genital GAS is significantly limited by the number of providers and the uneven geographic distribution across the United States, in which only 20 of 50 U.S. states have at least one genital GAS surgeon.
Pilot Study Using Neurofeedback as a Tool to Reduce Surgical Resident Burnout
Authors: Kratzke Ian M. , Campbell Alana , Yefimov Mae N. , Mosaly Prithima R. , Adapa Karthik , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Farrell Timothy M. , Mazur Lukasz M. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Burnout is prevalent among surgical residents. Neurofeedback is a technique to train the brain in self-regulation skills. We aimed to assess the impact of neurofeedback on the cognitive workload and personal growth areas of surgery residents with burnout and depression.

STUDY DESIGN:
Fifteen surgical residents with burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI] score > 27) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire–9 Depression Screen [PHQ-9] score >10), from 1 academic institution, were enrolled and participated in this institutional review board-approved prospective study. Ten residents with more severe burnout and depression scores were assigned to receive 8 weeks of neurofeedback treatments, and 5 others with less severe symptoms were treated as controls. Each participant's cognitive workload (or mental effort) was assessed initially, and again after treatment via electroencephalogram (EEG) while the subjects performed n-back working memory tasks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested for significance between the degree of change in the treatment and control groups. Each subject was also asked to rate changes in growth areas, such as sleep and stress.

RESULTS:
Both groups showed high cognitive workload in the pre-assessment. After the neurofeedback intervention, the treatment group showed a significant (p < 0.01) improvement in cognitive workload via EEG during the working memory task. These differences were not noted in the control group. There was significant correlation between time (NFB sessions) and average improvement in all growth areas (r = 0.98)

CONCLUSIONS:
Residents demonstrated high levels of burnout, correlating with EEG patterns indicative of post-traumatic stress disorder. There was a notable change in cognitive workload after the neurofeedback treatment, suggesting a return to a more efficient neural network.
Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta vs Pre-Peritoneal Packing in Patients with Pelvic Fracture
Authors: Asmar Samer , Bible Letitia , Chehab Mohamad , Tang Andrew , Khurrum Muhammad , Douglas Molly , Castanon Lourdes , Kulvatunyou Narong , Joseph Bellal 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Pelvic hemorrhage is potentially lethal despite homeostatic interventions such as pre-peritoneal packing (PP), resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA), surgery, and/or angioembolization. REBOA may be used as an alternative/adjunct to PP for temporizing bleeding in patients with pelvic fractures. Our study aimed to compare the outcomes of REBOA and/or PP, as temporizing measures, in blunt pelvic fracture patients. We hypothesized that REBOA is associated with worsened outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN:
We performed a 2017 review of the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) and identified trauma patients with blunt pelvic fractures who underwent REBOA placement and/or PP before laparotomy and/or angioembolization. Propensity score matching was performed, adjusting for demographics, vitals, mechanism of injury, ISS, each body region-AIS, and pelvic fracture type. Outcomes were complication rates and mortality.

RESULTS:
A total of 156 patients (PP: 52; REBOA: 52; REBOA+PP: 52) were matched and included. Mean age was 43 ± 18 years, Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 28 (range 17–32), and 74% were males. Overall mortality was 42%. The 24-hour mortality (25% vs 14% vs 35%; p = 0.042), in-hospital mortality (44% vs 29% vs 54%; p = 0.034), and 4-hour pRBC units transfused (15 [9–23] vs 10 [4–19] vs 16 [9–27]; p = 0.017) were lower in the REBOA group. The REBOA group had faster times to both laparotomy (p = 0.040) and/or angioembolization (p = 0.012). There was no difference between the groups in acute kidney injury, lower limb amputations, or hospital and ICU length of stay among survivors.

CONCLUSIONS:
REBOA is a less invasive procedure compared with PP and is associated with improved outcomes. Further clinical trials are needed to define the optimal patient who will benefit from REBOA.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Novel High-Value Care Curriculum in a Single Academic Surgery Department
Authors: Pender Tyler , Boi Luca , Urbik Veronica M. , Glasgow Robert , Smith Brigitte K. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
High value care (HVC), maximizing quality while minimizing cost, has become a major focus of surgical practice. Effective education in healthcare value concepts is critical during residency to ensure graduates are able to deliver high value surgical care and participate in interprofessional teams to improve the system.

STUDY DESIGN:
An HVC curriculum was implemented at a single academic medical center. Sixty-six residents from general surgery, plastic surgery, otolaryngology, and urology completed the curriculum over 3 academic years (2016 to 2019). The 1-year curriculum taught residents the concepts of HVC before participating in a value improvement project the following year. Residents' knowledge of value was assessed pre- and post-participation using a validated assessment tool, the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool Revised (QIKAT-R), and a curriculum-specific assessment tool. The overall success of the program was evaluated by assessing residents' skills in completing value improvement projects using a novel scoring rubric.

RESULTS:
After completing the program, residents expressed improved confidence in their ability to complete a value improvement project. Residents also demonstrated improved knowledge on the curriculum-specific assessment (4.7/13 to 10.9/13) and the scenario assessment using the QIKAT-R tool (8.5/27 to 16.4/27). As the program underwent iterative improvements each year, the quality of the residents' projects also improved, as assessed by the novel scoring rubric.

CONCLUSIONS:
Multimodal assessment demonstrated improvement in residents' objective knowledge of HVC principles, residents' ability to design and lead clinical value improvement projects, and residents' confidence they could use HVC principles in their current and future practice.
Cleaning Up the MESS: Can Machine Learning Be Used to Predict Lower Extremity Amputation after Trauma-Associated Arterial Injury?
Authors: Bolourani Siavash , Thompson Dane , Siskind Sara , Kalyon Bilge D. , Patel Vihas M. , Mussa Firas F. 
Published: October 2020

BACKGROUND:
Thirty years after the Mangled Extremity Severity Score was developed, advances in vascular, trauma, and orthopaedic surgery have rendered the sensitivity of this score obsolete. A significant number of patients receive amputation during subsequent admissions, which are often missed in the analysis of amputation at the index admission. We aimed to identify risk factors for and predict amputation on initial admission or within 30 days of discharge (peritraumatic amputation [PTA]).

STUDY DESIGN:
The Nationwide Readmission Database for 2016 and 2017 was used in our analysis. Factors associated with PTA were identified. We used XGBoost, random forest, and logistic regression methods to develop a framework for machine learning-based prediction models for PTA.

RESULTS:
We identified 1,098 adult patients with traumatic lower extremity fracture and arterial injuries; 206 underwent amputation. One hundred and seventy-six patients (85.4%) underwent amputation during the index admission and 30 (14.6%) underwent amputation within a 30-day readmission period. After identifying factors associated with PTA, we constructed machine learning models based on random forest, XGBoost, and logistic regression to predict PTA. We discovered that logistic regression had the most robust predictive ability, with an accuracy of 0.88, sensitivity of 0.47, and specificity of 0.98. We then built on the logistic regression by the NearMiss algorithm, increasing sensitivity to 0.71, but decreasing accuracy to 0.74 and specificity to 0.75.

CONCLUSIONS:
Machine learning-based prediction models combined with sampling algorithms (such as the NearMiss algorithm in this study), can help identify patients with traumatic arterial injuries at high risk for amputation and guide targeted intervention in the modern age of vascular surgery.
POINTS OF SMALL HEIGHT ON AFFINE VARIETIES DEFINED OVER FUNCTION FIELDS OF FINITE TRANSCENDENCE DEGREE
Authors: GHIOCA DRAGOS , NGUYEN DAC-NHAN-TAM 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe provide a direct proof of a Bogomolov-type statement for affine varieties V defined over function fields K of finite transcendence degree over an arbitrary field k, generalising a previous result (obtained through a different approach) of the first author in the special case when K is a function field of transcendence degree
$1$
. Furthermore, we obtain sharp lower bounds for the Weil height of the points in
$V(\overline {K})$
, which are not contained in the largest subvariety
$W\subseteq V$
defined over the constant field
$\overline {k}$
.
Look duration at the face as a developmental endophenotype: elucidating pathways to autism and ADHD
Authors: Gui Anna , Mason Luke , Gliga Teodora , Hendry Alexandra , Begum Ali Jannath , Pasco Greg , Shephard Elizabeth , Curtis Charles , Charman Tony , Johnson Mark H. , Meaburn Emma , Jones Emily J. H. ,   the BASIS-STAARS team
Published: October 2020

AbstractIdentifying developmental endophenotypes on the pathway between genetics and behavior is critical to uncovering the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental conditions. In this proof-of-principle study, we explored whether early disruptions in visual attention are a unique or shared candidate endophenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We calculated the duration of the longest look (i.e., peak look) to faces in an array-based eye-tracking task for 335 14-month-old infants with and without first-degree relatives with ASD and/or ADHD. We leveraged parent-report and genotype data available for a proportion of these infants to evaluate the relation of looking behavior to familial (n= 285) and genetic liability (using polygenic scores,n= 185) as well as ASD and ADHD-relevant temperament traits at 2 years of age (shyness and inhibitory control, respectively,n= 272) and ASD and ADHD clinical traits at 6 years of age (n= 94).Results showed that longer peak looks at the face were associated with elevated polygenic scores for ADHD (β = 0.078,p= .023), but not ASD (β = 0.002,p= .944), and with elevated ADHD traits in mid-childhood (F(1,88) = 6.401,p= .013,$\eta _p^2$=0.068; ASD:F(1,88) = 3.218,p= .076), but not in toddlerhood (ps > 0.2). This pattern of results did not emerge when considering mean peak look duration across face and nonface stimuli. Thus, alterations in attention to faces during spontaneous visual exploration may be more consistent with a developmental endophenotype of ADHD than ASD. Our work shows that dissecting paths to neurodevelopmental conditions requires longitudinal data incorporating polygenic contribution, early neurocognitive function, and clinical phenotypic variation.