bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
pH-dependent silicon release from phytoliths of Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Lisztes-Szabó Zsuzsa , Filep Anna F. , Csík Attila , Pető Ákos , Kertész Titanilla G. , Braun Mihály 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccurate evaluation of the preservation state of fossil phytoliths in glacial lake sediments is important, as these microfossils are often used in paleoecological and archaeological studies. The characteristic phytolith type of the Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) needle is a potential keystone in paleoecological studies. In this laboratory study, we investigated dissolution of Picea abies blocky type phytoliths, to simulate dissolution processes in sediments and soils and create reference material to compare with fossil phytoliths. Intact needles, needle ash, diatomite and silica gel were treated with Britton–Robinson buffer solutions at pH values from 2 to 12 for 22 days. Silicon was measured by microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Treatment effects were evaluated on longitudinal cuts of needles under a stereomicroscope and on phytolith assemblages from needles using a light microscope. Surfaces of treated phytoliths were investigated by scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis of phytoliths was determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Dissolution of silicon in spruce needles was inhibited between pH 8.0 and 11.1. Needle tissue protects phytoliths from erosion processes at this alkaline pH range. Most dissolved silicon appeared to originate from the phytolith surfaces and the silica matrix of the apoplast in the tissues, with less from complete dissolution of phytoliths. Our experiment suggests that extraneous metal elements are incorporated into the silica structure during the dissolution process. Thus, higher element content is an effect of partial dissolution rather than a cause of dissolution. Ultrastructure of the surface of Picea-blocky type phytoliths, namely disappearance of the globular structure, may be useful to assess the intensity of destructive processes in sediments. Our experimental treatments indicate that characteristic Picea-blocky phytoliths in needles can be well-preserved, depending on circumstances in sediments. Further micro-analytical measurements will make these needles promising tools for paleoenvironmental reconstructions.
Fast MW estimation of microearthquakes recorded around the underground gas storage in the Montello-Collalto area (Southeastern Alps, Italy)
Authors: Lanzoni Alessandra , Moratto Luca , Priolo Enrico , Romano Maria Adelaide 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderground fluid injection and extraction is able to change pore fluid pressure at depth and make faults unstable, due to friction-force reduction, with an increased possibility of triggering earthquakes. Studying the local seismicity, down to microearthquakes, and stress field in areas where such activities are developed are essential steps to discriminate between natural and induced events. In this context, the moment magnitude (MW) is a key-parameter to both evaluate the energy balance and the stress involved in earthquake rupture process and assess seismic hazard accurately. Here, we focus on the fast MWestimation of microearthquakes recorded around the underground gas storage of Collalto (Northeastern Italy) by a dedicated seismic monitoring network. The area of Montello-Collalto, where this industrial activity is carried out, is densely populated and characterized by relevant seismic hazard. We compute MWfrom the response spectra (SA) calculated at fixed periods (i.e., 1.0 and 0.3 s); we show that log (SA) and MWscale as 2/3 and extend our method to microseismicity by using response spectra at 0.1 s. We eventually estimate MWfor 1659 events (0.4 ≤ MW≤ 3.5) and find that MLand MWscale as 2/3 too. The discrepancy between these two magnitude scales affects both the Gutenberg-Richter parameters and completeness magnitude estimations; therefore, it has consequences when those quantities are used for physical interpretation. Our procedure shows to be efficient and suitable to be implemented within standard routine analyses of real-time monitoring and feed decision-making processes about plant management, such as the traffic light protocols.
Expenditures on Mental Health Care in the Czech Republic in 2015
Authors: Broulikova Hana M. , Dlouhy Martin , Winkler Petr 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExpenditures on mental health care in the Czech Republic are not being published regularly, yet they are indispensable for evaluation of the ongoing reform of Czech mental health care. The main objective of this study is to estimate the size of these expenditures in 2015 and make a comparison with the last available figures from the year 2006. The estimation is based on an OECD methodology of health accounts, which structures health care expenditures according to health care functions, provider industries, and payers. The expenditures are further decomposed according to diagnoses, and inputs used in service production. The amount spent on mental health care in 2015 reached more than 13.7 billion Czech korunas (EUR 501.6 million), which represented 4.08% of the total health care expenditures. This ratio is almost identical with the 2006 share (4.14%). There are no significant changes in the relative expenditures on mental health care and in the structure of service provision. The Czech mental health care system remains largely hospital based with most of all mental health care expenditures being spent on inpatient care. Future developments in the expenditures will indicate the success of the current effort to deinstitutionalise mental health care.
PCR MP Method for Differentiation of Clavibacter michiganensis Subsp. sepedonicus Isolates
Authors: Węgierek-Maciejewska Agnieszka , Masny Aleksander , Wołkowicz Tomasz , Jagiełło Agata , Arseniuk Edward 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe published data indicate that the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Cms) shows a notably low degree of intraspecific variation, and most of the molecular diagnostic methods could differentiate among subspecies groups but lacked the resolution to detect genetic diversity within subspecies. The present study describes effective differentiation of 50 isolates of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus by the PCR MP method using five restriction enzymes (ApaI, PstI, BamHI, XmaI, HindIII). By analysing the electrophoretic patterns obtained by the PCR MP method performed with the applied restriction enzymes, each of the 50 tested isolates could be identified and distinguished from the remaining isolates. The PCR MP method of bacterial strain identification can be used in epidemiological studies, particularly for excluding the isolates of C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus as a source of primary infection.
Management and outcomes of real-world use of non-vitamin-K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation: experience of a dedicated NOAC clinic
Authors: de Veer A. J. W. M. , Bennaghmouch N. , Wijffels M. C. E. F. , ten Berg J. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Current guidelines recommend non-vitamin‑K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) as the first-choice therapy for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The use of drugs in a clinical trial setting differs from that in real-world populations. Real-world data are important to accrue more heterogeneous patient populations with respect to co-morbidities and co-medication use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of NOACs in daily practice in a large tertiary hospital in the Netherlands.

Methods
A single-centre prospective study was conducted among all patients with AF using a NOAC in the St. Antonius Hospital between 2013 and June 2017. The outcomes were the rates of any bleeding, stroke/transient ischaemic attack, mortality, discontinuation rate and adverse drug reactions.

Results
In total, 799 patients were enrolled with a mean follow-up of 1.7 years. Mean age was 69.8 (SD ± 11) and 61.2% were male. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2.8 (SD ± 1.6) and mean HAS-BLED score was 1.4 (SD ± 0.9). Bleeding occurred in 6.0, major bleeding in 1.8, stroke in 1.2 patients per 100 patient-years, and 87 patients (10.9%) died during the follow-up period. Adverse drug reactions were reported by 59 patients (7.4%). Finally, 249 patients (31.2%) reported a temporary interruption and 132 (16.5%) permanent discontinuation of NOAC treatment, of whom 33 (25%) patients switched to a vitamin‑K antagonist.

Conclusions
We observed low rates of bleeding and adverse drug reactions. However, rates of mortality and discontinuation were relatively high. These results could possibly be explained by the real-world nature of the data including higher-risk patients.
New Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity in Horses
Authors: Jonsdottir Sigridur , Cvitas Iva , Svansson Vilhjalmur , Fettelschloss-Gabriel Antonia , Torsteinsdottir Sigurbjorg , Marti Eliane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Treatment of equine insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) needs to be improved. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT), the only curative treatment of allergy, currently has only a limited efficacy for treatment of IBH. This review highlights the latest findings in prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.

Recent Findings
Prophylactic vaccination against IBH using recombinant Culicoides allergen has been developed in unexposed Icelandic horses and is ready to be tested. Therapeutic virus-like particle (VLP)–based vaccines targeting equine interleukin- (IL-) 5 or IL-31 improved clinical signs of IBH by induction of anti-cytokine antibodies thus reducing eosinophil counts or allergic pruritus, respectively.

Summary
First studies for development of ASIT using pure r-Culicoides allergens have yielded promising results and need now to be tested in clinical studies for both prevention and treatment of IBH. Therapeutic vaccines inducing neutralizing antibodies against IL-5 or IL-31 will be valuable future treatments for reduction of clinical signs of IBH.
Effect of a pre-milking teat foam and a liner disinfectant on the presence of mesophilic and (proteolytic) psychrotrophic bacteria prior to milking
Authors: Verhegghe M. , De Block J. , Van Weyenberg S. , Herman L. , Heyndrickx M. , Van Coillie E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContamination of raw milk by psychrotrophs can lead to the production of heat-resistant proteases and subsequent spoilage of UHT milk. Therefore, this research communication evaluated the effect of a pre-milking teat disinfectant (active components: L-(+)-lactic acid and salicylic acid) and a liner disinfectant (active components: peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide) on the number of mesophilic and (proteolytic) psychrotrophic bacteria prior to milking. The teat orifices of 10 cows were sampled using a swabbing procedure before and after treatment with a pre-milking teat disinfectant on six subsequent days. On the teat orifices, there was a small but statistically significant decrease in the psychrotrophic bacterial counts between pre and post dipping. No differences were observed for the mesophilic bacterial counts and proteolytic active counts. Liners were also sampled using swabs pre and post disinfection. No statistically significant decrease in the bacterial counts was observed post liner disinfection, although there was a numerical decrease. Sixty-two percent of the proteolytic psychrotrophs were pseudomonads: 16.5% of which were P. fragi, 14.3% P. lundensis, 10.0% P. fluorescens and 2.9% P. putida. Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) analysis revealed a wide variety in proteolytic activity (from 0 to 55 µmol glycine/ml milk) and the presence of high producers. It can be concluded that there was only a minor effect of teat and liner disinfection on the psychrotrophic bacterial counts indicating that the measures presented did not result in a reduction of the targeted bacteria on teat orifices and liners.
Exploring variation in nonnative Japanese learners’ perception of lexical pitch accent: The roles of processing resources and learning context
Authors: Goss Seth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article reports findings on the effects of processing resources and learning context on the perceptual learning of lexical pitch accent in beginning nonnative Japanese learners. Native English speakers in at-home and study-abroad contexts were tested twice during a semester of Japanese study on their ability to judge the correctness of and categorize nouns by their pitch pattern. Regression analyses indicated that the ability to store nonnative-like sound sequences in phonological short-term memory (PSTM), as well as auditory processing ability, predicted a significant degree of perceptual gains made over a 12-week interval. However, these predictors were task specific in that PSTM capacity predicted correctness judgment gains, while auditory processing accounted for variation in categorization. Furthermore, despite learners in the at-home context performing slightly better overall, processing resources adhered to the same predictive pattern when context was taken into account. The results suggest that (a) neither increased input during study-abroad nor targeted instruction is sufficient for most learners to acquire lexical accent; (b) processing resources support the acquisition of lexical prosody, but these may depend on how learning is assessed; and (c) PSTM operates across learning contexts, suggesting it to be a domain-general capacity in early-stage nonnative language acquisition.
Sharp concentration of the equitable chromatic number of dense random graphs
Authors: Heckel Annika 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn equitable colouring of a graph G is a vertex colouring where no two adjacent vertices are coloured the same and, additionally, the colour class sizes differ by at most 1. The equitable chromatic number χ=(G) is the minimum number of colours required for this. We study the equitable chromatic number of the dense random graph ${\mathcal{G}(n,m)}$ where $m = \left\lfloor {p\left( \matrix{
n \cr
2 \cr} \right)} \right\rfloor $ and 0 < p < 0.86 is constant. It is a well-known question of Bollobás [3] whether for p = 1/2 there is a function f(n) → ∞ such that, for any sequence of intervals of length f(n), the normal chromatic number of ${\mathcal{G}(n,m)}$ lies outside the intervals with probability at least 1/2 if n is large enough. Bollobás proposes that this is likely to hold for f(n) = log n. We show that for the equitable chromatic number, the answer to the analogous question is negative. In fact, there is a subsequence ${({n_j})_j}_{ \in {\mathbb {N}}}$ of the integers where $\chi_=({\mathcal{G}(n_j,m_j)})$ is concentrated on exactly one explicitly known value. This constitutes surprisingly narrow concentration since in this range the equitable chromatic number, like the normal chromatic number, is rather large in absolute value, namely asymptotically equal to n/(2logbn) where b = 1/(1 − p).
The Principles of Constitutional Reform
Authors: Weinrib Jacob 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn legal orders around the world, commitments to democracy, liberalism and constitutionalism are increasingly eroding. Although political and constitutional theorists often lament this trend, they invariably adopt frameworks that are indifferent to these commitments. My aims in this article are both critical and constructive. As a critical matter, I will expose the indifference of the leading political and constitutional theories to the emergence, maintenance and refinement of liberal democratic constitutional orders. As a constructive matter, I will draw on Immanuel Kant’s constitutional theory to explain why realizing such a form of governance is a public duty and why receding from it is a public wrong.
Proactive and Reactive Aggressive Behaviors: Dimensionality of Self-Report Scales
Authors: Borsa Juliane Callegaro , Hauck-Filho Nelson , Damásio Bruno Figueiredo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The literature distinguishes aggressive behavior as being either proactive or reactive; however, despite being highly comorbid, they appear to possess unique correlation patterns to external variables. We propose to assess the dimensionality and latent profiles that emerged based on the Peer Aggressive Behavior Scale (PAB-S) and the Peer Aggressive and Reactive Behavior Questionnaire (PARB-Q). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was conducted on two self-report scales in a non-representative Brazilian sample composed by 2,517 students of elementary school (1,275 girls; 50.7%), aged from seven to 16 years. CFA analyses showed inconclusive results regarding the dimensionality of the data. LPA results, for both instruments, indicated the interdependence between proactive and reactive factors. We suggest that dimensionality issues concerning human aggression might depend, at least in part, on the method used to assess the phenomenon.
Twins Research Australia: A New Paradigm for Driving Twin Research
Authors: Murphy Kate , Lam Janine , Cutler Tessa , Tyler Jess , Calais-Ferreira Lucas , Li Shuai , Little Callie , Ferreira Paulo , Craig Jeffrey M. , Scurrah Katrina J. , Hopper John L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwins Research Australia (TRA) is a community of twins and researchers working on health research to benefit everyone, including twins. TRA leads multidisciplinary research through the application of twin and family study designs, with the aim of sustaining long-term twin research that, both now and in the future, gives back to the community. This article summarizes TRA’s recent achievements and future directions, including new methodologies addressing causation, linkage to health, economic and educational administrative datasets and to geospatial data to provide insight into health and disease. We also explain how TRA’s knowledge translation and exchange activities are key to communicating the impact of twin studies to twins and the wider community. Building researcher capability, providing registry resources and partnering with all key stakeholders, particularly the participants, are important for how TRA is advancing twin research to improve health outcomes for society. TRA provides researchers with open access to its vibrant volunteer membership of twins, higher order multiples (multiples) and families who are willing to consider participation in research. Established four decades ago, this resource facilitates and supports research across multiple stages and a breadth of health domains.
The HEXACO-Middle School Inventory (MSI)
Authors: Sergi Ida , Gnisci Augusto , Senese Vincenzo P. , Perugini Marco 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. We developed and validated a novel measure, the 6-factor personality HEXACO-Middle School Inventory (MSI). We started with a pool of 16 items for each of the six dimensions of the HEXACO. In Study 1, we administered the HEXACO-MSI to 1,089 Italian children and the Observer version to their parents. Using principal component analyses (PCA) and extension factor analysis (EFA), we selected the best eight items for each dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the 6-factor dimensionality and its invariance. Internal consistency of each dimension was adequate. Convergent and divergent validity were successfully established with a version of the scale filled by parents. Convergent validity was also established with the Big Five Questionnaire – Children (BFQ-Children) whereas divergent validity was less clear-cut. Conscientiousness, Honesty-Humility, and eXtraversion demonstrated predictive validity of school marks (criterion validity). In Study 2 ( N = 317), we replicated dimensionality, internal consistency, and established test-retest reliability of each dimension in two measurements at a 1 month distance. The HEXACO-MSI showed a clear personality structure organized in six traits, and evidence of predictive validity of relevant school criteria particularly via Conscientiousness, Honesty-Humility, and eXtraversion.
Devolatilization of Subducting Slabs, Part II: Volatile Fluxes and Storage
Authors: Tian Meng , Katz Richard F. , Rees Jones David W. , May Dave A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSubduction is a crucial part of the long‐term water and carbon cycling between Earth's exosphere and interior. However, there is broad disagreement over how much water and carbon is liberated from subducting slabs to the mantle wedge and transported to island‐arc volcanoes. In the Tian et al. (2019) Part I, we parameterize the metamorphic reactions involving H2O and CO2 for representative subducting lithologies. On this basis, a two‐dimensional reactive transport model is constructed in this Part II. We assess the various controlling factors of CO2 and H2O release from subducting slabs. Model results show that up‐slab fluid flow directions produce a flux peak of CO2 and H2O at subarc depths. Moreover, infiltration of H2O‐rich fluids sourced from hydrated slab mantle enhances decarbonation or carbonation at lithological interfaces, increases slab surface fluxes, and redistributes CO2 from basalt and gabbro layers to the overlying sedimentary layer. As a result, removal of the cap sediments (by diapirism or off‐scraping) leads to elevated slab surface CO2 and H2O fluxes. The modeled subduction efficiency (the percentage of initially subducted volatiles retained until ∼200 km deep) of H2O and CO2 is increased by open‐system effects due to fractionation within the interior of lithological layers.
Three‐Dimensional Seismic Attenuation Structure of Central Japan and Deep Sources of Arc Magmatism
Authors: Kashiwagi Hirokazu , Nakajima Junichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe estimate the 3‐D P wave attenuation (Qp−1) structure of central Japan to investigate arc magmatism. We first determine the corner frequencies of the earthquakes and then conduct a joint inversion to determine attenuation terms. The 3‐D Qp−1 structure is finally obtained via a tomographic inversion. High‐attenuation areas are located in the uppermost mantle along the volcanic front, which are interpreted as zones of partial melting at 30‐ to 100‐km depth due to the supply of slab‐derived fluids. The subducted Philippine Sea plate acts as a barrier to the upward migration of melt, resulting in the volcanic gap. The distribution of volcanoes is controlled primarily by the geometry of the subducted Philippine Sea plate. The attenuation structures beneath Mount Fuji and Mount Hakone show contrasting melt transport pathways, which are separated at ≤50‐km depth, suggesting that the independent melt supply system results in the distinct activities of these volcanoes.
Gas Hydrate Dissociation During Sea‐Level Highstand Inferred From U/Th Dating of Seep Carbonate From the South China Sea
Authors: Chen Fang , Wang Xudong , Li Niu , Cao Jun , Bayon Germain , Peckmann Jörn , Hu Yu , Gong Shanggui , Cheng Hai , Edwards R. Lawrence , Ning Youfeng , Jin Meng , Huang Huiwen , Wu Cong , Sun Yuedong , Chen Hong , Zhou Yang , Chen Duofu , Feng Dong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGas hydrates represent a huge reservoir of methane in marine sediments, prone to dissociation in response to environmental changes. There is consensus that past events of gas hydrate dissociation in the marine environment mainly occurred during periods of low sea level. Here, we report geochemical data for 2‐m‐thick layers of seep carbonate collected from a hydrate‐bearing drill core from ~800‐m water depth in the northern South China Sea. The aragonite‐rich carbonates reveal positive δ18O values, confirming a genetic link with gas hydrate dissociation. Uranium‐thorium dating of seep carbonates indicates that gas hydrates at the study site dissociated between 133,300 and 112,700 years BP, hence coinciding with the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) sea‐level highstand. We put forward the concept that a climate‐driven increase in temperature was responsible for a period of pronounced gas hydrate dissociation.