bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapists’ reported attitudes to and perceived influences on their continuing professional development: results of an online questionnaire
Authors: Stewart Heather , Wisby Deborah , Roddam Hazel 
Published: April 2020

Background/aims Intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence physiotherapists’ participation in continuing professional development. A number of benefits of and barriers to participation in continuing professional development are identified in the literature, but relatively little is known about factors that influence attitudes towards continued learning. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing UK physiotherapists’ attitudes towards continuing professional development, with a focus on career point and type of employment, in the context of motivational theories. Methods An online questionnaire consisting of Likert-style questions was used to collect data from UK physiotherapists. Nominal and ordinal data were analysed to determine differences between subgroups within the dataset. Results A total of 205 physiotherapists completed the online questionnaire. Physiotherapists were generally internally motivated towards continuing professional development, but attitudes were influenced by career point and whether physiotherapists worked in the NHS or in the private sector. External factors appeared to have a negative effect on motivation towards continuing professional development. Conclusion: Differences in attitudes at different points on the career path suggest that organisational structure may impede lifelong learning at some stages in career progression, while differences between those working privately and for the NHS may potentially reflect organisational differences between these types of employment.
Effectiveness of clinician- and patient-applied mobilisation with movement technique to increase ankle dorsiflexion range of motion
Authors: Stanek Justin M , Pieczynski Alex E 
Published: April 2020

Background/aims Restricted ankle dorsiflexion has the potential to cause acute and chronic injuries. One method for increasing dorsiflexion range of motion is the application of joint mobilisation with movement. An alternative to clinician-applied mobilisation with movement is self-applied mobilisation with movement; however, this technique has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of self-applied and clinician-applied mobilisation with movement technique for improving dorsiflexion range of motion in participants with ≤34° of dorsiflexion. Methods A total of 42 typically healthy participants qualified and were randomly assigned to the control, self-applied, or clinician-applied mobilisation with movement group. Closed chain ankle dorsiflexion range of motion was assessed using a modified weight-bearing lunge test. Results Both mobilisation groups showed significant increases in standing and kneeling dorsiflexion range of motion when compared to the control group, with no differences between treatment groups. Conclusions These findings suggest clinicians can teach patients to apply mobilisation with movement and receive similar benefits to a clinician-applied mobilisation with movement treatment.
Surgeon proficiency in robot-assisted spine surgery
Authors: McDonnell Jake Michael , Ahern Daniel P. , Ó Doinn Tiarnan , Gibbons Denys , Rodrigues Katharina Nagassima , Birch Nick , Butler Joseph S. 
Published: April 2020

Continuous technical improvement in spinal surgical procedures, with the aim of enhancing patient outcomes, can be assisted by the deployment of advanced technologies including navigation, intraoperative CT imaging, and surgical robots. The latest generation of robotic surgical systems allows the simultaneous application of a range of digital features that provide the surgeon with an improved view of the surgical field, often through a narrow portal. There is emerging evidence that procedure-related complications and intraoperative blood loss can be reduced if the new technologies are used by appropriately trained surgeons. Acceptance of the role of surgical robots has increased in recent years among a number of surgical specialities including general surgery, neurosurgery, and orthopaedic surgeons performing major joint arthroplasty. However, ethical challenges have emerged with the rollout of these innovations, such as ensuring surgeon competence in the use of surgical robotics and avoiding financial conflicts of interest. Therefore, it is essential that trainees aspiring to become spinal surgeons as well as established spinal specialists should develop the necessary skills to use robotic technology safely and effectively and understand the ethical framework within which the technology is introduced. Traditional and more recently developed platforms exist to aid skill acquisition and surgical training which are described. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the role of surgical robotics in spinal surgery, describe measures of proficiency, and present the range of training platforms that institutions can use to ensure they employ confident spine surgeons adequately prepared for the era of robotic spinal surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):568–572.
Timing of surgical fixation in traumatic spinal fractures
Authors: Mahon John , Ahern Daniel P. , Evans Shane R. , McDonnell Jake , Butler Joseph S. 
Published: April 2020

Aims The timing of surgical fixation in spinal fractures is a contentious topic. Existing literature suggests that early stabilization leads to reduced morbidity, improved neurological outcomes, and shorter hospital stay. However, the quality of evidence is low and equivocal with regard to the safety of early fixation in the severely injured patient. This paper compares complication profiles between spinal fractures treated with early fixation and those treated with late fixation. Methods All patients transferred to a national tertiary spinal referral centre for primary surgical fixation of unstable spinal injuries without preoperative neurological deficit between 1 July 2016 and 20 October 2017 were eligible for inclusion. Data were collected retrospectively. Patients were divided into early and late cohorts based on timing from initial trauma to first spinal operation. Early fixation was defined as within 72 hours, and late fixation beyond 72 hours. Results In total, 86 patients underwent spinal surgery in this period. Age ranged from 16 to 88 years. Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the early stabilization cohort (p = 0.020). Age was the sole significant independent variable in predicting morbidity on multiple regression analysis (p < 0.003). There was no significant difference in complication rates based on timing of surgical stabilization (p = 0.398) or ISS (p = 0.482). Conclusion Our results suggest that these patients are suitable for early appropriate care with spinal precautions and delayed definitive surgical stabilization. Earlier surgery conferred no morbidity benefit and had no impact on length of stay. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):627–631.
The outcomes of Perthes’ disease
Authors: Leo Donato G. , Jones Helen , Murphy Rebecca , Leong Justin Wei , Gambling Tina , Long Andrew F. , Laine Jennifer , Perry Daniel C. 
Published: April 2020

Aims To identify a suite of the key physical, emotional, and social outcomes to be employed in clinical practice and research concerning Perthes' disease in children. Methods The study follows the guidelines of the COMET-Initiative (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials). A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify a list of outcomes reported in previous studies, which was supplemented by a qualitative study exploring the experiences of families affected by Perthes’ disease. Collectively, these outcomes formed the basis of a Delphi survey (two rounds), where 18 patients with Perthes’ disease, 46 parents, and 36 orthopaedic surgeons rated each outcome for importance. The International Perthes Study Group (IPSG) (Dallas, Texas, USA (October 2018)) discussed outcomes that failed to reach any consensus (either ‘in’ or ‘out’) before a final consensus meeting with representatives of surgeons, patients, and parents. Results In total, 23 different outcome domains were identified from the systematic review, and a further ten from qualitative interviews. After round one of the Delphi survey, participants suggested five further outcome domains. A total of 38 outcomes were scored in round two of the Delphi. Among these, 16 outcomes were scored over the prespecified 70% threshold for importance (divided into six main categories: adverse events; life impact; resource use; pathophysiological manifestations; death; and technical considerations). Following the final consensus meeting, 14 outcomes were included in the final Core Outcome Set (COS). Conclusion Core Outcome Sets (COSs) are important to improve standardization of outcomes in clinical research and to aid communication between patients, clinicians, and funding bodies. The results of this study should be a catalyst to develop high-quality clinical research in order to determine the optimal treatments for children with Perthes’ disease. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):611–617.
Applicability Assessments of Close-Range Photogrammetry for Slope Face 3D Modelling
Authors: Baramsyah Haqul , Rich Less 
Published: April 2020

The digital single lens reflex (DSLR) cameras have been widely accepted to use in slope face photogrammetry rather than the expensive metric camera used for aerial photogrammetry. 3D models generated from digital photogrammetry can approach those generated from terrestrial laser scanning in term of scale and level of detail. It is cost effective and has equipment portability. This paper presents and discusses the applicability of close-range digital photogrammetry to produce 3D models of rock slope faces. Five experiments of image capturing method were conducted to capture the photographs as the input data for processing. As a consideration, the appropriate baseline lengths to capture the slope face to get better result are around 1/6 to 1/8 of target distance. A fine quality of 3D model from data processing is obtained using strip method and convergent method with 80% overlapping in each photograph. A random camera positions with different distances from the slope face can also generate a good 3D model, however the entire target should be captured in each photograph. The accuracy of the models is generated by comparing the 3D models produced from photogrammetry with the 3D data obtained from laser scanner. The accuracy of 3D models is quite satisfactory with the mean error range from 0.008 to 0.018 m.
Középiskolás osztályközösségek normarendszerének longitudinális vizsgálata
Authors: Gajdics Janka , Gubics Flórián , Horvát Barbara , Vatai Katalin , Szabó Éva , Jagodics Balázs 
Published: April 2020

A diákok viselkedéses problémái gyakran kutatott területet jelentenek. Emiatt érdemes minél szélesebb kontextusban megvizsgálni, hogy milyen tényezők járulhatnak hozzá az osztályteremben megfigyelhető magatartás kialakulásához. Kutatási eredmények szerint a diákok viselkedését gyakran nem csak személyes meggyőződésük, hanem a társaik körében elfogadottnak vélt magatartásformákról alkotott kép befolyásolja. Emellett fontos kiemelni az észlelt tanári kiégés szerepét is, ugyanis a motiválatlannak vagy távolságtartónak észlelt pedagógusok mellett a diákok motivációja és érdeklődése is csökkenhet. Kutatásunk célkitűzése az volt, hogy longitudinális vizsgálat keretében nyomon kövessük tíz szakgimnáziumi osztály közösségének fejlődését kilencedik (N = 247) és tizedik (N = 231) évfolyamban. Kérdőíves vizsgálatunkban a normarendszer mellett az észlelt tanári kiégést és a célorientációs stílusokat is feltérképeztük.
Az eredmények szerint az osztályokban mindkét évfolyamban megjelenik a többszörös tudatlanság jelensége, vagyis a diákok tévesen észlelik osztálytársaik személyes normáit, elfogadóbbnak tartják az osztályközösség véleményét a rendbontó magatartásokat illetően az egyéni meggyőződéseikhez képest. A pozitív viselkedésekre vonatkozó előíró normák együtt jártak a közelítő-elsajátító motivációs stílussal, míg a negatív magatartások esetében az osztálytársaknak tulajdonított attitűd a pedagógusok észlelt kiégésével mutatott összefüggést.
Azeredmények megerősítik azt a feltételezést, hogy a társas közeg hatással lehet az egyéni viselkedésre és motivációra. Emellett az eredmények rámutatnak arra, hogy a tanár-diák kapcsolatban megjelenő folyamatok kölcsönösen befolyásolhatják a tanítási helyzetben résztvevők érzelmi és motivációs állapotát. A kutatás összességében megerősíti, hogy fontos, támogatni az osztályközösségek fejlődését, mert ez hosszú távon növelheti az iskolai munka eredményességét.
Optimization model of freight transportation on the routes of international transport corridors
Authors: Prokudin Georgiy , Oliskevych Myroslav , Сhupaylenko Olexiy , Maidanik Kateryna 
Published: April 2020

The article deals with the modified Dijkstra’s algorithm of searching the shortest routes between all transport nodes of the road-transport network, which allows presenting the transport problem in the classical matrix form. This makes it possible to apply each of the known methods of optimal transport plans to solve it. The object of study is the transport process of freight transportation on the transport network by routes of international transport corridors. The purpose of the work is to improve the methods of solving the problems of finding the shortest routes on the transport network, including sections of international transport corridors. The research method is the analysis and modeling of freight transportation on road networks. The modified Dijkstra’s method of finding the shortest paths between all nodes of the road-transport network was work out, which allows to represent the transport problem in the classical matrix form, i.e. in the form of a table of connections. This makes it possible to apply each of the known methods of constructing optimal plans of cargo transportation in the table of connections. The software complex based on the developed algorithm was designed in the algorithmic language Delphi, which was tested on the example of a transport problem set in the form of a road network, as well as complex testing and debugging of a computer system to support decision-making on the optimization of freight traffic on Ukrainian and Western Europe transport systems.
Biogas Installations for Harvesting Energy and Utilization of Natural Fertilisers
Authors: Borek Kinga , Romaniuk Wacław 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Development of innovative technological solutions in animal production should be associated with reduction of greenhouse gases, ammonia emission, and with rational disposal of natural fertilizers. The presented solutions and concepts of biogas acquisition and its disposal as well as a disposal of digestate mass place a need to improve the technological process before the science. The main aim of the presented solutions for the use of methane fermentation of a natural fertiliser in agricultural conditions is their utilization and energy acquisition, in particular for households and farms. When considering the issue of methane fermentation, one should include all favourable fertilization, energy aspects and firstly, the ecological ones. During the methane fermentation, substrates are stabilized due to removal of a large amount of carbon. The only elements that are removed from the system are evolving gases: CH4, CO2 and H2S. During the discussed process, the entire nitrogen is preserved in the organic or ammonia form.
Usable Agricultural Area of Farms and their Material and Energy Expenditure Efficiency
Authors: Depo Kamil , Szparaga Agnieszka , Pristavka Miroslav , Kocira Sławomir 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper analyzes the efficiency of material and energy expenditure in 679 farms with agricultural production as the main source of income for the years 2013-2015. Six groups of farms were identified according to usable agricultural area (UAA). The aim of the work was to determine the impact of UAA of farms on their material and energy expenditure efficiency. It was found that the area of UAA determines the farms’ material and energy expenditure efficiency. It was observed that small farms with UAA of 5 to 10 ha are characterized by the highest material and energy expenditure efficiency. It was proven that the material and energy expenditure efficiency in “Small” farms with UAA (<= 5ha) and “Very large”, with UAA (> 50ha) differs significantly from the efficiency determined for other farm groups. Material and energy expenditures were used the least efficiently in the farms with the smallest UAA.
Impact of UV-C Stimulation of Tubers, Immersion of Potato Sticks in Water and Frying Fat Type on the Content of Fat in Dry Mass of French Fries
Authors: Sobol Zygmunt , Jakubowski Tomasz , Wrona Paulina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact of UV-C stimulation of tubers, immersion of potato sticks in water, and a frying fat type on the content of fat in dry mass of French fries. Tests were carried out on Innovator tubers which is one of the most often used cultivator in production of French fries by the European and Polish companies. Radiation of potato tubers with ultraviolet in band C were performed with the use of the original stand for stimulation of biological material with electro-magnetic radiation. A statistical analysis of the obtained results of tests indicates that stimulation of tubers and a type of frying fat had a statistically significant impact on the fat content in dry mass of French fries.
Discrete Element Modeling of Vibration Compaction Effect of the Vibratory Roller in Roundtrips on Gravels
Authors: Wu Kai , Sun Weichen , Liu Songyu , Huang Haibo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to study the vibration compaction mechanism of the vibratory roller on gravels using a two-dimensional discrete element method. The roadbed model was established by gravel particles with irregular shapes, which was closer to reality. The performance parameters of the vibratory roller, such as operating frequency and rolling velocity, were investigated to explore their influences on the operating efficiency of the vibratory roller in roundtrips. The frequencies of 15 Hz and 17 Hz were proved to be the optimal frequency and resonance frequency in the current simulations, respectively. The vibratory roller could achieve a better vibration compaction effect with less power consumption at the optimal frequency. In addition, the number of roundtrips and power consumption should be considered in the selection of the optimal rolling velocity. The movement direction and the contact force distribution of gravels were illustrated by the displacement field, velocity field, as well as the contact force chains. Our results provide a better understanding of the mechanical behavior of gravel particles and their interactions with the vibratory roller.
Androgen excess and diagnostic steroid biomarkers for nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency without cosyntropin stimulation
Authors: Turcu Adina F , El-Maouche Diala , Zhao Lili , Nanba Aya T , Gaynor Alison , Veeraraghavan Padma , Auchus Richard J , Merke Deborah P 
Published: April 2020

Objectives
The clinical presentation of patients with nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (N21OHD) is similar with that for other disorders of androgen excess. The diagnosis of N21OHD typically requires cosyntropin stimulation. Additionally, the management of such patients is limited by the lack of reliable biomarkers of androgen excess. Herein, we aimed to: (1.) compare the relative contribution of traditional and 11-oxyandrogens in N21OHD patients and (2.) identify steroids that accurately diagnose N21OHD with a single baseline blood draw.

Design
We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent a cosyntropin stimulation test for suspected N21OHD in two tertiary referral centers between January 2016 and August 2019.

Methods
Baseline sera were used to quantify 15 steroids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Logistic regression modeling was implemented to select steroids that best discriminate N21OHD from controls.

Results
Of 86 participants (72 females), median age 26, 32 patients (25 females) had N21OHD. Age, sex distribution, and BMI were similar between patients with N21OHD and controls. Both testosterone and androstenedione were similar in patients with N21OHD and controls, while four 11-oxyandrogens were significantly higher in patients with N21OHD (ratios between medians: 1.7 to 2.2, P < 0.01 for all). 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (6.5-fold), 16α-hydroxyprogesterone (4.1-fold), and 21-deoxycortisol (undetectable in 80% of the controls) were higher, while corticosterone was 3.6-fold lower in patients with N21OHD than in controls (P < 0.001). Together, baseline 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, and corticosterone showed perfect discrimination between N21OHD and controls.

Conclusions
Adrenal 11-oxyandrogens are disproportionately elevated compared to conventional androgens in N21OHD. Steroid panels can accurately diagnose N21OHD in unstimulated blood tests.
El regreso de la Educación Religiosa a las escuelas públicas: una discusión entre liberales secularizadores y un obispo romanizado 1883-1892
Authors: Sandí Morales José Aurelio , Trejos Salazar Jeimy 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo pretende explicar el proceso de reincorporación de la Educación Religiosa a la malla curricular de las escuelas públicas en Costa Rica luego de las leyes emitidas entre los años 1884-1886, cuando fue excluida. Antes de esto, se presentará una breve historia de la educación en Costa Rica desde la colonia hasta 1884, para entender el papel jugado por el catolicismo en dicha actividad y uno de los “porqués” del reclamo episcopal por la exclusión en 1884. El intento por reincorporar la educación religiosa fue encabezado por Mons. Thiel, segundo Obispo de la Diócesis de Costa Rica, quien teniendo claro la premisa de evitar la secularización de la sociedad costarricense, luchó para conseguir que la Educación Religiosa volviera a las escuelas estatales.
Palabras clave: religión, educación, Iglesia, Estado, romanización
Negative δ13C Excursions in Foraminiferal Records: The Holocene History of Methane Events in the Central Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Pletnev S.P. , Wu Yonghua , Romanova A.V. , Annin V.K. , Utkin I.V. , Vereshchagina O.F. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
—Several negative δ13C excursions in benthic foraminifera from gas-bearing core LV50-05 sampled offshore on the eastern slope of Sakhalin Island, Sea of Okhotsk, in an area of active methane seepage record the local history of methane events (ME). The core chronostratigraphy has been contrained from AMS 14C ages and biostratigraphic data. Benthic foraminifera (Nonionellina labradorica and Uvigerina parvocostata) from some core intervals show normal marine δ13C values about –1‰ but some intervals are marked by extremely depleted compositions as low as –34.5‰ δ13C (relative to VPDB). The negative δ13C excursions are interpreted as a record of seabed methane emanation during primary and secondary biomineralization of carbonate foraminifera. The results reveal four Holocene methane events (ME) in the area: two brief (ME-1 at 700–900 yr BP and ME-2 at 1200–1400 yr BP) and two long (ME-3 at 2500–4700 yr BP and ME-4 at 7400–10000 yr BP) events.