bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical Evolution of the Welfare Mix in Colonial Korea
Authors: Choi Yeonsik , Lim Yoojin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to understand the welfare mix in Korea by examining its historical origins and tracing its evolution during Japanese colonial rule. After locating the origins of the welfare mix in the early Chosŏn Dynasty, this study examines the evolution of the welfare mix in Korea under Japanese colonial rule. By focusing on repressiveness and recognition, the dual aspects of Japanese colonial rule, we reveal a traditional aspect of the Korean welfare mix that remained strong and was, paradoxically, reinforced under Japanese colonial rule. Following the establishment of a colonial centralised state, Japanese attempts to impose modern dispensational welfare systems proved inadequate. The Japanese were forced to return to traditional, informal welfare providers, such as kyes, to satisfy Chosŏn’s need for welfare. The paper concludes by arguing that this welfare mix can help to explain the welfare regime in modern Korea.
What the Emergence of CSR Brought About?
Authors: Fujii Shuhei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The cognitive science of religion (CSR) is distinctive in its systematic methodology and its interdisciplinary nature. In the field of the study of religion, however, scholars are hardly receptive to CSR because of its “scientific” nature. The reason for this is that CSR is understood as distinct from other studies, nevertheless it has humanistic backgrounds. In order to investigate the intellectual backgrounds of CSR, the paper will describe the initial development of CSR by introducing researches and academic cooperation in the period from the 1990s to the early 2000s. Moreover, by examining academic contexts, what the emergence of CSR brought about to the study of religion will be clarified. CSR emerged as a result of the debate between modernist and postmodernist, connecting various views and resulting in a great shift in the intellectual landscape. This interdisciplinary role can be seen as the most important achievement of CSR.
Trust and Reputation in Nigeria’s Electoral Process: the Context and Conundrum
Authors: Aluko Opeyemi Idowu 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Election is the hallmark of democracy. Any democratic regime that does not conduct election will be regarded as a dictatorship regime. The trust and reputation build up on the electoral process impedes on its credibility and public acceptability. The higher the level of trust and reputation on the electoral process, the higher the acceptability of the leaders that emerges. The electoral process in Nigeria is in a state of total relapse, confusion and quagmire. To what extent has the reputation of the electoral system made Nigerians to trust its process and output? How can Nigeria develop out of the electoral process conundrum for credible leaders to emerge in the country? Modernization theory is used to explain the rapid need for Nigeria to develop its electoral processes. The adopted methodology uses Afrobarometer time series data. The article notes that rapid growth and development are products of an electoral process that has good public trust.
Social Protection for Disability in Central Uganda: a Human Development Perspective
Authors: Mugeere Anthony 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Whereas there is ample empirical evidence on the nature and functioning of formal and informal social protection systems in Uganda, there are limited studies on their influence on the youth living with disabilities. This paper explores the meaning and functioning of social protection strategies among youth living with spina bifida and hydrocephalous in central Uganda. Using data from in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key informants, the paper observes that there is widespread knowledge on social protection systems among the respondents. Overall, social protection encompasses all measures implemented to address the perceived social exclusion and vulnerabilities related to the disability condition. The paper recommends a philosophical twist to the implementation of social protection by interrogating the human development model of disability which places the elements of the health conditions, impairments and their causes and consequences on the wellbeing of these vulnerable individuals at the core of the theoretical discourse.
R. G. Collingwood’s Overlapping Ideas of History
Authors: Fear Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Does R. G. Collingwood’s theory that concepts in philosophy are organized as “scales of forms” apply to his own work on the nature of history? Or is there some inconsistency between Collingwood’s work as a philosopher of history and as a theorist of philosophical method? This article surveys existing views among Collingwood specialists concerning the applicability of Collingwood’s “scale of forms” thesis to his own philosophy of history – especially the accounts of Leon Goldstein and Lionel Rubinoff – and outlines the obvious objections to such an application. These objections however are found to be answerable. It is shown that Collingwood did indeed think that the scale of forms thesis should apply to the philosophy of history, and even that he identified the “highest” form in history as a kind of scientific research or inquiry. But it is not claimed that Collingwood identified the “lower” forms explicitly. An account is provided of the three distinct forms that can be identified in Collingwood’s philosophy of history, and of the “critical points” by which (according to Collingwood’s meta-philosophy) lower forms are negated and incorporated by higher forms. But it is also explained that these forms are not neatly coterminous with the stages in Western philosophical thinking about history as Collingwood narrates them in The Idea of History.
Ovid, the Res Publica, and the ‘Imperial Presidency’: Public Figures and Popular Freedoms in Augustan Rome and America
Authors: Pandey Nandini B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
How did Romans perceive the changing relationships among leaders, the people, and the public sphere as their commonwealth (res publica) fell under the control of an emperor? This paper examines Ovid’s uses of the Latin adjective publicus, ‘public, common, open’, to explore strands of implicitly ‘republican’ political thought behind his poetic corpus. Ovid first celebrates Augustus’ material benefactions as common goods for private consumption; then dramatises the tragic consequences of arbitrary domination; and finally, from exile, treats the emperor himself as a public property, subject to his people’s spectatorship and sovereignty of judgment. A final section draws on Ovid’s thinking on privacy, publicity, and information access to explore themes related to America’s ‘imperial presidency’, from the Founders’ emphasis on a free press to the recent interplay of secrecy, celebrity, and ‘sunshine’ laws.
A Comparison of Methods to Sample Model Errors for Convection-Allowing Ensemble Forecasts in the Setting of Multiscale Initial Conditions Produced by the GSI-Based EnVar Assimilation System
Authors: Gasperoni Nicholas A. , Wang Xuguang , Wang Yongming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI)-based hybrid ensemble–variational (EnVar) scheme was extended for convective scales—including radar reflectivity assimilation—and implemented in real-time spring forecasting experiments. This study compares methods to address model error during the forecast under the context of multiscale initial condition error sampling provided by the EnVar system. A total of 10 retrospective cases were used to explore the optimal design of convection-allowing ensemble forecasts. In addition to single-model single-physics (SMSP) configurations, ensemble forecast experiments compared multimodel (MM) and multiphysics (MP) approaches. Stochastic physics was also applied to MP for further comparison. Neighborhood-based verification of precipitation and composite reflectivity showed each of these model error techniques to be superior to SMSP configurations. Comparisons of MM and MP approaches had mixed findings. The MM approach had better overall skill in heavy-precipitation forecasts; however, MP ensembles had better skill for light (2.54 mm) precipitation and reduced ensemble mean error of other diagnostic fields, particularly near the surface. The MM experiment had the largest spread in precipitation, and for most hours in other fields; however, rank histograms and spaghetti contours showed significant clustering of the ensemble distribution. MP plus stochastic physics was able to significantly increase spread with time to be competitive with MM by the end of the forecast. The results generally suggest that an MM approach is best for early forecast lead times up to 6–12 h, while a combination of MP and stochastic physics approaches is preferred for forecasts beyond 6–12 h.
Nasal Septal Abscess Caused by Protrusion of a Dental Implant Into the Nasopalatine Duct: A Case Report
Authors: Kop Emiel A. , Lodder Wouter L. , de Visscher Jan GAM , van den Berge Herbert 
Published: January 2020

Objective: A nasal septal abscess after placement of a dental implant is seldom seen and is usually caused by an infection around the implant. A septal haematoma following dental implantation leading to septal abscess formation has never been reported. Methods and results: We present a case of a patient who developed a septal abscess after dental implantation without accompanying signs of infection around the implant. On the computed tomography scan we found the implant protruding the nasopalatine duct which led to bilateral septal hemorrhage, resulting in abscess formation. The patient underwent reconstructive nasal septum surgery, using an autologous auricular cartilage graft. This resulted in a good nasal function and cosmetic outcome. Conclusions: Medical health care professionals should be aware of a septal abscess in case of an acute blocked nose even without prior nasal or facial trauma or nasal surgery. Reconstruction of the septal nasal cartilage using autologous conchal cartilage is a good solution to preserve nasal function as well as tip support.
The efficacy, safety and acceptability of emergency embedded Psychiatry Assessment and Planning Units: An evaluation of Psychiatry Assessment and Planning Units in close proximity to their associated emergency departments
Authors: Mitchell DA , Crawford N , Newham BJ , Newton JR 
Published: January 2020

Objective: To determine the efficacy, safety and acceptability as well as the patient demographics of three newly developed emergency department–embedded Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units located in Metropolitan Melbourne at Austin, Peninsula and Eastern Health Services. Methods: The evaluation reviewed a 12-month period of service activity from 1 September 2017 to 31 August 2018, when all three Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units services were operational. A 12-month period from 1 September 2014 to 31 August 2015 was compared as the pre-Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units period. Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods were used. This included semi-structured interviews of 30 Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units patients and 30 emergency department staff (10 of each for all 3 sites), patient survey, statistical analysis of Client Management Interface data for the emergency department and related Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units as well as audit of RISKMAN registers. Results: There were 365 Austin, 567 Eastern and 791 Peninsula Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units admissions. Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units were generally well accepted by patients and emergency department staff, relatively safe, operating within the Key Performance Indicators with mixed effect on emergency department flow. Austin emergency department processing times improved post-Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units (4 hours 57 minutes to 4 hours 19 minutes; p < 0.001) while deteriorating at Eastern and Peninsula. Adjustment Disorder and Depression and Borderline Personality Disorder were the most common admission diagnoses. While the Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units had mixed utility on emergency department processing times, they appear to serve a demographic not previously accommodated in traditional emergency department psychiatry models. Conclusion: The emergency department–embedded Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Unit model of care appears effective on some measures, safe and acceptable to patients and staff. The Psychiatric Assessment and Planning Units seem to service a group not previously accommodated in traditional emergency psychiatry models.
Economic Recession, Informal Sector and Skilled–Unskilled Wage Disparity in a Developing Economy: A Trade-Theoretical Analysis
Authors: Mahata Sushobhan , Khan Rohan Kanti , Nag Ranjanendra Narayan 
Published: January 2020

The paper analyses some selective aspects of economic crises, namely skilled-sector recession, reversed international migration of labour and decline in foreign capital inflow on the informal sector employment and wage rate in developing economies and seeks to explain the non-monotonic effect on the informal sector both across nations and within nation across sectors. In so doing, we develop three-sector General Equilibrium models under two different scenarios which may apply to a large class of emerging market economies. In the first model, we have a traded informal export sector, and the role of the non-traded informal sector in the presence of credit market imperfection is analysed in the second model. Skilled-sector recession produces a favourable (unfavourable) effect on the workers employed in the traded informal sector (non-traded informal sector) due to an induced complementary relationship between the high-skilled export sector and the informal sector. A fall in emigration level of skilled or unskilled worker and a decline in foreign capital inflow hurt the workers in the informal traded sector, while the workers in the non-traded informal sector gain. The results of the paper reflect contradictions of an emerging economy, which is essentially hybrid economics in which capitalist nucleus has a conditional-conditioning relationship with an archaic structure. JEL Codes: F13, J31
A comparison of holistic, analytic, and part marking models in speaking assessment
Authors: Khabbazbashi Nahal , Galaczi Evelina D. 
Published: January 2020

This mixed methods study examined holistic, analytic, and part marking models (MMs) in terms of their measurement properties and impact on candidate CEFR classifications in a semi-direct online speaking test. Speaking performances of 240 candidates were first marked holistically and by part (phase 1). On the basis of phase 1 findings—which suggested stronger measurement properties for the part MM—phase 2 focused on a comparison of part and analytic MMs. Speaking performances of 400 candidates were rated analytically and by part during that phase. Raters provided open comments on their marking experiences. Results suggested a significant impact of MM; approximately 30% and 50% of candidates in phases 1 and 2 respectively were awarded different (adjacent) CEFR levels depending on the choice of MM used to assign scores. There was a trend of higher CEFR levels with the holistic MM and lower CEFR levels with the part MM. Although strong correlations were found between all pairings of MMs, further analyses revealed important differences. The part MM was shown to display superior measurement qualities particularly in allowing raters to make finer distinctions between different speaking ability levels. These findings have implications for the scoring validity of speaking tests.
Clinical agreement and interchangeability of TEG5000 and TEG6s during cardiac surgery
Authors: Wong Qi , Byrne Kelly P , Robinson Scott C 
Published: January 2020

TEG6s® is a new device introduced by the Haemonetics Corporation and designed to provide the same information as TEG® 5000 (Haemonetics Corporation, Braintree, MA, USA) but with much greater ease of use. We tested whether using citrated TEG6s gave reaction time, maximum amplitude and percentage of clot that had lysed at 30 minutes values similar to a non-citrated TEG5000, to allow clinical interchangeability using our current thrombelastography management algorithm for cardiac surgery. We also examined the agreement between the alpha-angle and functional fibrinogen maximum amplitude in our cardiac surgical patients.  In total, 243 paired arterial blood samples in 99 patients were tested, using TEG5000 (non-citrated) and TEG6s (citrated) after induction of anaesthesia (prior to heparin administration), following protamine administration at the end of the cardiac bypass and whenever a TEG5000 was requested after this by the attending anaesthetist. Bland–Altman plots and Lin’s concordance coefficient were used to compare agreement whereas modified Bland–Altman plots and McNemar’s test were used to illustrate the differences in management recommendations between the two thrombelastography devices.  All 243 samples were compared for reaction time and alpha-angle; 239 samples were compared for maximum amplitude; 136 samples were compared for the percentage of clot that had lysed at 30 minutes; 16 samples were compared for functional fibrinogen maximum amplitude. Lin’s concordance coefficient for these parameters was: reaction time 0.63, alpha-angle 0.39, maximum amplitude 0.5, percentage of clot that had lysed at 30 minutes 0.09 and functional fibrinogen maximum amplitude 0.31. Differences between the two devices became more marked at more abnormal values. Significant differences in median values, suggesting a fixed bias, were found for maximum amplitude and functional fibrinogen maximum amplitude. Differences in treatment recommendation could only be calculated for reaction time and maximum amplitude. Maximum amplitude was found to have a significant difference in treatment recommendation between the two devices using our current thrombelastography management algorithm for cardiac surgery with TEG6s recommending treatment in 11.5% more patients than TEG5000.  Using the TEG6s with our current TEG5000–based thrombelastography management algorithm for cardiac surgery would result in a change in treatment recommendation in at least 10% of our cardiac surgical patients. Agreement between the two thrombelastography devices appears to decrease with increasing patient coagulopathy. New algorithms will need to be developed and tested to validate TEG6s for cardiac surgical patients in our institution.
Diagnostic Imaging Modalities to Assess Treatment Response of Bone Metastasis in Patients Receiving Palliative Radiotherapy: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Bala Wasif , Chiu Nicholas , Tao Mary Jiayi , Lam Henry , Chow Edward , Probyn Linda 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: Several studies have used objective radiologic data to assess the effect of palliative radiotherapy on tumor burden. The purpose of this literature review was to survey the various metrics that have been used to quantify bone tumor response to palliative radiotherapy by radiographical means and to determine whether any of these metrics were associated with clinical palliative outcomes. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a literature search Ovid Medline and OldMedline from 1946 to February 6, 2019, Embase Classic/Embase from 1947 to 2019 week 5, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials February 2019 to extract articles related to quantified radiologic evaluation of bone metastases following palliative radiotherapy. Imaging modality, quantification metric, and association between imaging modality and clinical response were recorded. Results: Fourteen articles selected for full-text review utilized computed tomography (10 studies), fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (3 studies), magnetic resonance imaging (1 study), diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (3 studies), and X-ray (1 study) imaging modalities. Variables assessed included tumor volume regression, bone density, metabolic activity, and signal intensity. Studies differed both in the type of imaging modality used and metric derived to quantify the radiologic findings. Fifty percent of the included studies aimed to identify a relationship between a quantified radiologic metric and clinical palliative response. Of these studies, 86% reported a correlation. Conclusion: Quantified radiologic metrics can provide an objective measure of response to palliative radiotherapy and may be useful in predicting clinical palliative response. More studies are needed to validate these metrics and develop a standardized protocol for radiologic evaluation that can be implemented into a clinical workflow.
Benign or Malignant Characterization of Soft-Tissue Tumors by Using Semiquantitative and Quantitative Parameters of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yue Bin , Zhao Xiaodan , Chen Haisong , Sun Lingling , Zhang Xuexi , Hao Dapeng 
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the semiquantitative and quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in differentiating between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. Methods: A total of 45 patients with pathologically confirmed soft-tissue tumors (15 benign and 30 malignant tumors) underwent DCE-MRI. The semiquantitative parameters assessed were as follows: time to peak (TTP), maximum concentration (MAX Conc), area under the curve of time-concentration curve (AUC-TC), and maximum rise slope (MAX Slope). Quantitative DCE-MRI was analyzed with the extended Tofts-Kety model to assess the following quantitative parameters: volume transfer constant (Ktrans), microvascular permeability reflux constant (Kep), and distribute volume per unit tissue volume (Ve). Data were evaluated using the independent t test or Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The TTP ( P = .0035), MAX Conc ( P = .0018), AUC-TC ( P = .0018), MAX Slope ( P = .0018), Ktrans ( P = .0018), and Kep ( P = .0035) were significantly different between the benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. The AUC of the ROC curve demonstrated the diagnostic potential of TTP (0.778), MAX Conc (0.849), AUC-TC (0.831), MAX Slope (0.847), Ktrans (0.836), Kep (0.778), and Ve (0.638). Conclusions: The use of semiquantitative and quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI enabled differentiation between benign and malignant soft-tissue tumors. The values of TTP were lower, while those of MAX Conc, AUC-TC, MAX Slope, Ktrans, and Kep were higher in malignant than in benign tumors.