bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does weather affect the use of public transport in Berlin?
Authors: Nissen K M , Becker N , Dähne O , Rabe M , Scheffler J , Solle M , Ulbrich U 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The effect of weather on public transport usage in Berlin is analysed. The number of single and day tickets sold is used as a proxy for the number of occasional public transport users. Analysing more than three years of hourly ticket sale data, it is shown that the most important factor influencing ticket sales is temperature. Temperatures below −5°C lead to an increase in ticket sales by up to 30% on working days, while on hot days (> 28°C) passenger numbers drop by up to 5%. Precipitation increases the number of sales on working days by up to 5%. On weekends, the lowest ticket-sale numbers are associated with wet and either very cold or very hot conditions. Another factor influencing ticket sales is sunshine duration, while wind and snowfall do not seem to play a role for ticket sales in Berlin. It is demonstrated that it is possible to predict ticket sales depending on date, time and weather conditions using a statistical model.
On designated public transport routes the effect of weather on passenger numbers can be much stronger than the district average. This is shown for the example of a bus route to a public beach. With each degree of temperature increase, passenger numbers on this line go up by approximately 30%.
Permafrost thermal conditions are sensitive to shifts in snow timing
Authors: Jan Ahmad , Painter Scott L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Changes in snow precipitation at high latitudes can significantly affect permafrost thermal conditions and thaw depth, potentially exposing more carbon-laden soil to microbial decomposition. A fully coupled process-based surface/subsurface thermal hydrology model with surface energy balance is used to analyze the impact of intra-annual variability in snow on permafrost thermal regime and the active layer thickness. In the four numerical scenarios considered, simulations were forced by the same meteorological data, except the snow precipitation, which was systematically altered to change timing of snowfall. The scenarios represent subtle shifts in snow timing, but the snow onset/melt days, the end of winter snowpack depth, and total annual snow precipitation are unchanged among scenarios. The simulations show that small shifts in the timing of snow accumulation can have significant effects on subsurface thermal conditions leading to active layer deepening and even talik formation when snowfall arrives earlier in the winter. The shifts in snow timing have a stronger impact on wetter regions, especially soil underneath small ponds, as compared to drained regions. This study highlights the importance of understanding potential changes in winter precipitation patterns for reliable projections of active-layer thickness in a changing Arctic climate.
Role of B-site cation on the structure, magnetic and dielectric properties of nanosized La0.7Sr0.3Fe1−xMxO3 (M = Mn; Co and x = 0, 0.5) perovskites
Authors: Ghozza M H , Yahia I S , El-Dek S I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The easiness of preparation and tailored properties of perovskite nanoparticles rendered them an important class of materials in the last decade. In this work, La0.7Sr0.3Fe1-xMxO3 (M = Mn, Co and x = 0, 0.5) orthoferrites were synthesized using combustion method and examined using X-ray diffraction. The orthorhombic structure was clearly obvious with Pbnm space group without the need of any thermal treatment. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) accompanied by Energy-dispersive spectroscopy studies were also performed, evidencing the similarity of both nominal and chemical compositions for the studied orthoferrites. The thermal dependence of the dielectric properties was investigated (from room temperature to 698 K) in the frequency range (70 Hz–5 MHz). Magnetic properties were investigated at room temperature and discussed.
Comparison of ZrO2, TiO2, and α-Fe2O3 nanotube arrays on Cr(VI) photoreduction fabricated by anodization of Zr, Ti, and Fe foils
Authors: Bashirom Nurulhuda , Tan Wai Kian , Kawamura Go , Matsuda Atsunori , Lockman Zainovia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication of self-organized ZrO2, TiO2, and α-Fe2O3 nanotube arrays by anodization of Zr, Ti, and Fe foils, respectively in fluoride-containing EG electrolyte at 40 V for 20 min. The as-anodized nanotubes were annealed in a tube furnace at 400 °C for 3 h to induce the crystallization of the oxide film. Morphology, crystal structure, surface properties, and optical properties of the anodic ZrO2 nanotubes (ZNTs), TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), and α-Fe2O3 nanotubes (FNTs) were characterized by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and UV–visible Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectra (UV–vis NIR DRS) spectroscopy, respectively. Based on the FESEM and TEM micrographs, ZNTs possessed the longest nanotubes (i.e. 9.6 μm) compared with TNTs and FNTs under the same anodization condition. The aspect ratio of the nanotubes can be arranged in the order of ZNTs > FNTs > TNTs. The surface of the annealed ZNTs, FNTs, and TNTs was enriched with –OH groups to facilitate the Cr(VI) adsorption. According to the UV–vis NIR DRS spectra, strong visible light absorption was observed on the FNTs due to their low band gap. Whereas, the TNTs predominantly absorbs the UV light at λ
max = 360 nm. Rapid Cr(VI) removal was observed on FNTs, i.e. 100% after 2 h activated by sunlight with negligible Cr(VI) removal for ZNTs and TNTs. When exposed to UVC (λ = 254 nm), only 39% versus 37% Cr(VI) removal efficiencies were obtained on TNTs and ZNTs after 3 h suggesting sluggish electron transfer due to rapid charge carriers recombination as evident in the PL spectra.
Irreversibility of change in a model of boundedly rational agents exchanging goods and capital
Authors: Tanaka Takuma 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the direction of change in a model of agents exchanging goods and capital. Agents have heterogeneous utility functions and are not perfectly rational but can refuse exchanges that decrease their own utility. In this model, an exchange is shown to always increase a quantity defined by the amount of production and the time preference of the agents.
Entropic measurement uncertainty relations for all the infinite components of a spin vector
Authors: Barchielli Alberto , Gregoratti Matteo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The information-theoretic formulation of quantum measurement uncertainty relations (MURs), based on the notion of relative entropy between measurement probabilities, is extended to the set of all the spin components for a generic spin s. For an approximate measurement of a spin vector, which gives approximate joint measurements of the spin components, we define the device information loss as the maximum loss of information per observable occurring in approximating the ideal incompatible components with the joint measurement at hand. By optimizing on the measuring device, we define the notion of minimum information loss. By using these notions, we show how to give a significant formulation of state independent MURs in the case of infinitely many target observables. The same construction works as well for finitely many observables, and we study the related MURs for two and three orthogonal spin components. The minimum information loss plays also the role of measure of incompatibility and in this respect it allows us to compare quantitatively the incompatibility of various sets of spin observables, with different number of involved components and different values of s.
Antibody therapies for the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Ku Zhiqiang , Ye Xiaohua , Salazar Georgina To’a , Zhang Ningyan , An Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has caused more than 2 990 559 confirmed human infections and 207 446 deaths as of 27 April 2020 (Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University). Scientists are working quickly on multiple aspects of the pandemic. Genetic analyses are conducted to reveal the source and evolution of SARS-CoV-2, providing knowledge that can be used to contain it and to avoid future outbreaks. Epidemiological studies that incorporate lessons learned from outbreaks of previous related viral diseases can guide the development of public health measures effective to contain the current and future outbreaks. Basic virology studies reveal viral structure and function. Pathology studies inform the development of strategies to interfere with infection. COVID-19 prevention and treatment strategies are being developed in preclinical and clinical studies. Antibody-based therapy is one viable treatment option. Here, we discuss some of the most active areas of developing strategies to treat COVID-19, focusing on the approaches to generate neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of COVID-19.
Isolation of a human monoclonal antibody specific for the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 using a competitive phage biopanning strategy
Authors: Zeng Xin , Li Lingfang , Lin Jing , Li Xinlei , Liu Bin , Kong Yang , Zeng Shunze , Du Jianhua , Xiao Huahong , Zhang Tao , Zhang Shelin , Liu Jianghai 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The infection of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused more than 200 000 deaths, but no vaccine or therapeutic monoclonal antibody is currently available. SARS-CoV-2 relies on its spike protein, in particular the receptor-binding domain (RBD), to bind human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for viral entry, and thus targeting RBD holds the promise for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this work, a competitive biopanning strategy of a phage display antibody library was applied to screen blocking antibodies against RBD. High-affinity antibodies were enriched after the first round using a standard panning process in which RBD-His was immobilized as a bait. At the next two rounds, immobilized ACE2-Fc and free RBD-His were mixed with the enriched phage antibodies. Antibodies binding to RBD at epitopes different from ACE2-binding site were captured by the immobilized ACE2-Fc, forming a “sandwich” complex. Only antibodies competed with ACE2 can bind to the free RBD-His in the supernatant and be subsequently separated by the nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid magnetic beads. rRBD-15 from the competitive biopanning of our synthetic antibody library, Lib AB1, was produced as the full-length IgG1 format. It was proved to competitively block the binding of RBD to ACE2 and potently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection with IC50 values of 12 nM. Nevertheless, rRBD-16 from the standard biopanning can only bind to RBD in vitro, but not have the blocking or neutralization activity. Our strategy can efficiently isolate the blocking antibodies of RBD, and it would speed up the discovery of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
The Remake Industry: The Practice of Remaking Films from the Perspective of Industrial Actors
Authors: Cuelenaere Eduard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThough current research on the film remake phenomenon acknowledges an underlying industrial process, it rarely analyses it. Therefore, building on expert interviews with people working in the remake industries of the Low Countries, this article places the production aspect of the film remake process central. The findings suggest that the manner in which these cultural mediators describe and evaluate the film remake mirrors popular discourses and seems to affect the production process of film remakes themselves. It was found that the phenomenon is generally seen as the result of a lack of originality, authenticity and is, moreover, highly commercially driven. These aspects were found to sometimes function as a license for initiating remake projects. However, next to the financial benefits, other personal and creative rationales were advanced. Additionally, the element of localization was deemed as one of the most essential tactics in the creative process. Finally, distributors appear to be crucial figures in the emergence of film remakes in small geo-linguistic film markets.
The pharmacist’s role in disaster research response
Authors: Edwards Christopher J , Miller Aubrey , Cobb J Perren , Erstad Brian L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
The need for high-quality research during disaster responses has been well described in the literature, and such research is supported by efforts at the federal level through the National Institutes of Health Disaster Research Response (DR2) Program. This article describes the fourth DR2 workshop with a specific focus on opportunities for pharmacists to get involved with disaster research efforts.

Summary
Pharmacists have historically played a significant role in disaster planning and response, and there are a number of opportunities for pharmacists to bring their unique perspective, positioning, and skills to disaster research response (ie, onsite and other research on the medical and public health aspects of disasters and public health emergencies). In February 2019, the fourth DR2 workshop was held in Tucson, AZ, in conjunction with the University of Arizona College of Medicine–Tucson, the university’s Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, and the university’s Bio5 Institute to explore clinical and population-based research in a simulated disaster setting. This article describes the workshop and discusses several opportunities for pharmacists to design, lead, and support research efforts during disaster scenarios through involvement in research areas including clinical, operational, educational, and logistic aspects of pharmacy practice.

Conclusion
Due to their positioning throughout health systems, unique perspective, training, and skills, pharmacists are uniquely situated to play an important role in disaster research response.
Drug-pathway association prediction: from experimental results to computational models
Authors: Wang Chun-Chun , Zhao Yan , Chen Xing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Effective drugs are urgently needed to overcome human complex diseases. However, the research and development of novel drug would take long time and cost much money. Traditional drug discovery follows the rule of one drug-one target, while some studies have demonstrated that drugs generally perform their task by affecting related pathway rather than targeting single target. Thus, the new strategy of drug discovery, namely pathway-based drug discovery, have been proposed. Obviously, identifying associations between drugs and pathways plays a key role in the development of pathway-based drug discovery. Revealing the drug-pathway associations by experiment methods would take much time and cost. Therefore, some computational models were established to predict potential drug-pathway associations. In this review, we first introduced the background of drug and the concept of drug-pathway associations. Then, some publicly accessible databases and web servers about drug-pathway associations were listed. Next, we summarized some state-of-the-art computational methods in the past years for inferring drug-pathway associations and divided these methods into three classes, namely Bayesian spare factor-based, matrix decomposition-based and other machine learning methods. In addition, we introduced several evaluation strategies to estimate the predictive performance of various computational models. In the end, we discussed the advantages and limitations of existing computational methods and provided some suggestions about the future directions of the data collection and the calculation models development.
Altitudinal, latitudinal and longitudinal responses of cloud forest species to Quaternary glaciations in the northern Neotropics
Authors: Guevara Lázaro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe glaciations of the Quaternary caused changes in the geographical distributions of species associated with tropical montane cloud forests. The most obvious effect of the glacial conditions was the downward displacement of cloud forest species, thus giving opportunities for population connectivity in the lowlands. Considerable attention has been paid to these altitudinal changes, but latitudinal and longitudinal movements remain poorly understood in the northern Neotropics. Here, I use ecological niche modelling to generate palaeodistributions of small-eared shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) closely associated with cloud forests in the mountain systems of Mexico and then retrodict their range shifts during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), one of the coldest periods of the Quaternary. The results suggest that cloud forest species not only migrated downwards in response to global cooling and dryness but also migrated latitudinally and longitudinally onto those slopes that maintained moist conditions (other slopes remained unsuitable during the LGM), thus revealing a hitherto unknown route for postglacial colonization of cloud forest species. This scenario of past distributional change probably had genetic and demographic implications and has repercussions for the identification of areas of refugia and postglacial colonization routes of cloud forest species.
Tree Transpiration and Urban Temperatures: Current Understanding, Implications, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Winbourne Joy B , Jones Taylor S , Garvey Sarah M , Harrison Jamie L , Wang Liang , Li Dan , Templer Pamela H , Hutyra L R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The expansion of an urban tree canopy is a commonly proposed nature-based solution to combat excess urban heat. The influence trees have on urban climates via shading is driven by the morphological characteristics of trees, whereas tree transpiration is predominantly a physiological process dependent on environmental conditions and the built environment. The heterogeneous nature of urban landscapes, unique tree species assemblages, and land management decisions make it difficult to predict the magnitude and direction of cooling by transpiration. In the present article, we synthesize the emerging literature on the mechanistic controls on urban tree transpiration. We present a case study that illustrates the relationship between transpiration (using sap flow data) and urban temperatures. We examine the potential feedbacks among urban canopy, the built environment, and climate with a focus on extreme heat events. Finally, we present modeled data demonstrating the influence of transpiration on temperatures with shifts in canopy extent and irrigation during a heat wave.
Rapid Neuronal Ultrastructure Disruption and Recovery during Spreading Depolarization-Induced Cytotoxic Edema
Authors: Kirov Sergei A , Fomitcheva Ioulia V , Sword Jeremy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo major pathogenic events that cause acute brain damage during neurologic emergencies of stroke, head trauma, and cardiac arrest are spreading depolarizing waves and the associated brain edema that course across the cortex injuring brain cells. Virtually nothing is known about how spreading depolarization (SD)-induced cytotoxic edema evolves at the ultrastructural level immediately after insult and during recovery. In vivo 2-photon imaging followed by quantitative serial section electron microscopy was used to assess synaptic circuit integrity in the neocortex of urethane-anesthetized male and female mice during and after SD evoked by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. SD triggered a rapid fragmentation of dendritic mitochondria. A large increase in the density of synapses on swollen dendritic shafts implies that some dendritic spines were overwhelmed by swelling or merely retracted. The overall synaptic density was unchanged. The postsynaptic dendritic membranes remained attached to axonal boutons, providing a structural basis for the recovery of synaptic circuits. Upon immediate reperfusion, cytotoxic edema mainly subsides as affirmed by a recovery of dendritic ultrastructure. Dendritic recuperation from swelling and reversibility of mitochondrial fragmentation suggests that neurointensive care to improve tissue perfusion should be paralleled by treatments targeting mitochondrial recovery and minimizing the occurrence of SDs.
Early Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibodies as a Serologic Marker of Infection in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Rongqing Zhao , Li Maohua , Song Hao , Chen Jianxin , Ren Wenlin , Feng Yingmei , Gao George F , Song Jinwen , Peng Ya , Su Bin , Guo Xianghua , Wang Yanjun , Chen Jingong , Li Jianli , Sun Hunter , Bai Zhonghu , Cao Wenjing , Zhu Jin , Zhang Qinlu , Sun Yufei , Sun Sean , Mao Xinkun , Su Junchi , Chen Xiang , He Ailiang , Gao Wen , Jin Ronghua , Jiang Yongzhong , Sun Le 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThousands of medical staff have been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with hundreds of deaths reported. Such loss could be prevented if there were a serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies for serological surveillance of its infection at the early stage of disease.MethodsUsing Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cell–expressed full-length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was developed and validated with negative samples collected prior to the outbreak or during the outbreak and positive samples from patients confirmed with COVID-19.ResultsThe specificity of the ELISA kit was 97.5%, as examined against total 412 normal human samples. The sensitivity was 97.1% by testing against 69 samples from hospitalized and/or recovered COVID-19 patients. The overall accuracy rate reached 97.3%. The assay was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day 1 after the onset of COVID-19 disease. The average antibody levels increased during hospitalization and 14 days after discharge. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 28 of 276 asymptomatic medical staff and 1 of 5 nucleic acid test–negative “close contacts” of COVID-19 patients.ConclusionsWith the assays developed here, we can screen medical staff, incoming patients, passengers, and people who are in close contact with the confirmed patients to identify the “innocent viral spreaders,” protect the medical staff, and stop further spread of the virus.