bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implied Evidence of the Functional Role of the Rectus Capitis Posterior Muscles
Authors: Hallgren Richard C. , Rowan Jacob J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Context
Osteopathic physicians often target the rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) and rectus capitis posterior major (RCPM) muscles when using muscle energy or soft tissue cervical techniques to treat patients with head and neck pain. The RCPm and RCPM muscles are located deep within the posterior occipitoatlantal and atlantoaxial interspaces, respectively.

Objective
To characterize the functional role of RCPm and RCPM muscles by comparing electromyographic (EMG) activation patterns of these muscles with EMG activation patterns of specific flexor and extensor muscles of the head and neck, the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and the splenius capitis (SC) muscles, respectively.

Methods
Asymptomatic participants were recruited from the Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine student body. Disposable 25-gauge, bipolar fine-wire intramuscular electrodes were used to collect EMG data from the right and left RCPm and RCPM muscles. Surface electrodes were used to collect EMG data from the right and left SCM and SC muscles. Data were collected as participants performed 4 cycles of flexion and extension with an external 4-lb force applied to the back of the head and the forehead.

Results
In RCPM muscles, EMG activity was significantly greater (P<.003) during flexion and extension of the head and neck when an external force was applied to the back of the head. EMG activity in SCM muscles was significantly greater (P<.0001) during flexion and extension of the head and neck when an external force was applied to the forehead. The authors observed that EMG activity in SC muscles was significantly greater (P<.015) during flexion and extension of the head and neck when an external force was applied to the back of the head. No significant difference was found in EMG activity in RCPm muscles (P<.834) during flexion and extension of the head and neck, regardless of whether the external force was applied to the back of the head or the forehead.

Conclusion
The EMG activation patterns of the RCPm muscles suggest that their functional role may be to stabilize the occipitoatlantal joint by helping maintain congruency of the joint surfaces. In contrast, the EMG activation patterns of the RCPM muscles suggest that their functional role may be to contribute to extension of the head, primarily at the occipitoatlantal and the atlantoaxial joints.
Bioinformatics profiling identifies seven immune-related risk signatures for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xue Feng , Yang Lixue , Dai Binghua , Xue Hui , Zhang Lei , Ge Ruiliang , Sun Yanfu 
Published: May 2020

Background
Density of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and expressions of certain immune-related genes have prognostic and predictive values in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, factors determining the immunophenotype of HCC patients are still unclear. In the current study, the transcript sequencing data of liver cancer were systematically analyzed to determine an immune gene marker for the prediction of clinical outcome of HCC.

Methods
RNASeq data and clinical follow-up information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the samples were assigned into high-stage and low-stage groups. Immune pathway-related genes were screened from the Molecular Signatures Database v4.0 (MsigDB) database. LASSO regression analysis was performed to identify robust immune-related biomarkers in predicting HCC clinical outcomes. Moreover, an immune gene-related prognostic model was established and validated by test sets and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) external validation sets.

Results
We obtained 319 immune genes from MsigDB, and the genes have different expression profiles in high-stage and low-stage of HCC. Univariate survival analysis found that 17 genes had a significant effect on HCC prognosis, among them, 13 (76.5%) genes were prognostically protective factors. Further lasso regression analysis identified seven potential prognostic markers (IL27, CD1D, NCOA6, CTSE, FCGRT, CFHR1, and APOA2) of robustness, most of which are related to tumor development. Cox regression analysis was further performed to establish a seven immune gene signature, which could stratify the risk of samples in training set, test set and external verification set (p < 0.01), and the AUC in both training set and test set was greater than 0.85, which also greater compared with previous studies.

Conclusion
This study constructed a 7-immunogenic marker as novel prognostic markers for predicting survival of HCC patients.
Effective connectivity differences in motor network during passive movement of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients
Authors: Nagy Marianna , Aranyi Csaba , Opposits Gábor , Papp Tamás , Lánczi Levente , Berényi Ervin , Vér Csilla , Csiba László , Katona Péter , Spisák Tamás , Emri Miklós 
Published: May 2020

Background
A better understanding of the neural changes associated with paresis in stroke patients could have important implications for therapeutic approaches. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly used for analyzing effective connectivity patterns of brain networks due to its significant property of modeling neural states behind fMRI signals. We applied this technique to analyze the differences between motor networks (MNW) activated by continuous passive movement (CPM) of paretic and non-paretic ankles in subacute stroke patients. This study aimed to identify CPM induced connectivity characteristics of the primary sensory area (S1) and the differences in extrinsic directed connections of the MNW and to explain the hemodynamic differences of brain regions of MNW.

Methods
For the network analysis, we used ten stroke patients’ task fMRI data collected under CPMs of both ankles. Regions for the MNW, the primary motor cortex (M1), the premotor cortex (PM), the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the S1 were defined in a data-driven way, by independent component analysis. For the network analysis of both CPMs, we compared twelve models organized into two model-families, depending on the S1 connections and input stimulus modeling. Using DCM, we evaluated the extrinsic connectivity strengths and hemodynamic parameters of both stimulations of all patients.

Results
After a statistical comparison of the extrinsic connections and their modulations of the “best model”, we concluded that three contralateral self-inhibitions (cM1, cS1 and cSMA), one contralateral inter-regional connection (cSMA→cM1), and one interhemispheric connection (cM1→iM1) were significantly different. Our research shows that hemodynamic parameters can be estimated with the Balloon model using DCM but the parameters do not change with stroke.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that the DCM-based connectivity analyses combined with Bayesian model selection may be a useful technique for quantifying the alteration or differences in the characteristics of the motor network in subacute stage stroke patients and in determining the degree of MNW changes.
Comprehensive analysis reveals a metabolic ten-gene signature in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Li Lulu , Xu Jiuhua , Ye Weipeng , Chen Borong , Zeng Junjie , Huang Zhengjie 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundDue to the complicated molecular and cellular heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the morbidity and mortality still remains high level in the world. However, the number of novel metabolic biomarkers and prognostic models could be applied to predict the survival of HCC patients is still small. In this study, we constructed a metabolic gene signature by systematically analyzing the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC).MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumors and paired non-tumor samples of 50 patients from TCGA dataset were calculated for subsequent analysis. Univariate cox proportional hazard regression and LASSO analysis were performed to construct a gene signature. The Kaplan–Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis, stratification analysis were used to assess the prognostic value of the gene signature. Furthermore, the reliability and validity were validated in four types of testing cohorts. Moreover, the diagnostic capability of the gene signature was investigated to further explore the clinical significance. Finally, Go enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) have been performed to reveal the different biological processes and signaling pathways which were active in high risk or low risk group.ResultsTen prognostic genes were identified and a gene signature were constructed to predict overall survival (OS). The gene signature has demonstrated an excellent ability for predicting survival prognosis. Univariate and Multivariate analysis revealed the gene signature was an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, stratification analysis indicated the model was a clinically and statistically significant for all subgroups. Moreover, the gene signature demonstrated a high diagnostic capability in differentiating normal tissue and HCC. Finally, several significant biological processes and pathways have been identified to provide new insights into the development of HCC.ConclusionThe study have identified ten metabolic prognostic genes and developed a prognostic gene signature to provide more powerful prognostic information and improve the survival prediction for HCC.
The Bombay Blood Group: How Rare is It? A Case Report and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Ekanem Emmanuel , Poozhikalayil Santosh , Sinha Anita 
Published: May 2020

The Bombay blood group is a rare type of blood group which is very distinct from the ABO system and was first discovered in India about five decades ago. This blood group describes individuals who lack the H antigen and thus present with the anti H antibodies in addition to anti A and anti B antibodies. Bombay blood group is sometimes mistaken for blood group O. The significance of this blood group is in its ability to potentially cause fatal blood transfusion reaction and haemolytic disease of the foetus and the neonate.
Aim: This case report aims to elucidate the rare occurrence of the Bombay blood group.
Methods: We describe a case report of the pregnancy, labour and delivery of a multiparous Indian woman with the Bombay blood group in her second pregnancy.
Results: The index case had an uneventful pregnancy, labour and delivery without the need for blood transfusion. The neonate was Rhesus D positive and did not have any complications.
Conclusion: Bombay blood group is a rare blood group which can lead to blood transfusion reactions and haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. Pregnancy, labour and delivery should be managed in a unit with the availability of anti H blood to avoid foetal and maternal complications.
Temporal association of sNfL and gad‐enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rosso Mattia , Gonzalez Cindy T. , Healy Brian C. , Saxena Shrishti , Paul Anu , Bjornevik Kjetil , Kuhle Jens , Benkert Pascal , Leppert David , Guttmann Charles , Bakshi Rohit , Weiner Howard L. , Chitnis Tanuja 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder, which is characterized by relapses and remissions. Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is an emerging biomarker of disease activity but its clinical use is still limited. In this study, we aim to characterize the temporal association between sNfL and new clinical relapses and new gadolinium‐enhancing (Gd+) lesions.MethodsAnnual sNfL levels were measured with a single‐molecule array (SIMOA) assay in 94 patients with MS enrolled in the Comprehensive Longitudinal Investigation of Multiple Sclerosis at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (CLIMB) study. We used a multivariable linear mixed‐effects model to test the temporal association of sNfL with clinical relapses and/or new Gd+ lesions. We adjusted this model for age, disease duration, sex, and disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) use.ResultsIn the 3 months after a Gd+ lesion, we observed an average 35% elevation in sNfL (P < 0.0001) compared to remission samples. We also observed an average 32.3% elevation in sNfL at the time of or prior to a Gd+ lesion (P = 0.002) compared to remission. We observed a significant elevation in sNfL after a clinical relapse only when associated with a Gd+ lesion.InterpretationOur findings support sNfL as a marker of clinical relapses and Gd+ lesions. sNfL peaks in a 3‐month window around Gd+ lesions. sNfL shows promise as a biomarker of neurological inflammation and possibly of simultaneous Gd+ lesions during a clinical relapse.
Artificial Biosystem for Modulation of Interactions between Antigen‐Presenting Cells and T Cells
Authors: Alatoom Aseel , Sapudom Jiranuwat , Soni Priya , Mohamed Walaa Kamal E. , Garcia‐Sabaté Anna , Teo Jeremy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractT cell activation is triggered by signal molecules on the surface of antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and subsequent exertion of cellular forces. Deciphering the biomechanical and biochemical signals in this complex process is of interest and will contribute to an improvement in immunotherapy strategies. To address underlying questions, coculture and biomimetic models are established. Mature dendritic cells (mDC) are first treated with cytochalasin B (CytoB), a cytoskeletal disruption agent known to lower apparent cellular stiffness and reduction in T cell proliferation is observed. It is attempted to mimic mDC and T cell interactions using polyacrylamide (PA) gels with defined stiffness corresponding to mDC (0.2–25 kPa). Different ratios of anti‐CD3 (aCD3) and anti‐CD28 (aCD28) antibodies are immobilized onto PA gels. The results show T cell proliferation is triggered by both aCD3 and aCD28 in a stiffness‐dependent manner. Cells cultured on aCD3 immobilized on gels has significantly enhanced proliferation and IL‐2 secretion, compared to aCD28. Furthermore, ZAP70 phosphorylation is enhanced in stiffer substrate a in a aCD3‐dependent manner. The biosystem provides an approach to study the reduction of T cell proliferation observed on CytoB‐treated mDC. Overall, the biosystem allows distinguishing the impact of biophysical and biochemical signals of APC and T cell interactions in vitro.
Engineering Co2MnAlxSi1−x Heusler Compounds as a Model System to Correlate Spin Polarization, Intrinsic Gilbert Damping, and Ultrafast Demagnetization
Authors: Guillemard Charles , Zhang Wei , Malinowski Gregory , de Melo Claudia , Gorchon Jon , Petit‐Watelot Sebastien , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Mangin Stéphane , Le Fèvre Patrick , Bertran Francois , Andrieu Stéphane 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEngineering of magnetic materials for developing better spintronic applications relies on the control of two key parameters: the spin polarization and the Gilbert damping, responsible for the spin angular momentum dissipation. Both of them are expected to affect the ultrafast magnetization dynamics occurring on the femtosecond timescale. Here, engineered Co2MnAlxSi1‐x Heusler compounds are used to adjust the degree of spin polarization at the Fermi energy, P, from 60% to 100% and to investigate how they correlate with the damping. It is experimentally demonstrated that the damping decreases when increasing the spin polarization from 1.1 × 10−3 for Co2MnAl with 63% spin polarization to an ultralow value of 4.6 × 10−4 for the half‐metallic ferromagnet Co2MnSi. This allows the investigation of the relation between these two parameters and the ultrafast demagnetization time characterizing the loss of magnetization occurring after femtosecond laser pulse excitation. The demagnetization time is observed to be inversely proportional to 1 – P and, as a consequence, to the magnetic damping, which can be attributed to the similarity of the spin angular momentum dissipation processes responsible for these two effects. Altogether, the high‐quality Heusler compounds allow control over the band structure and therefore the channel for spin angular momentum dissipation.
Extrusion and Microfluidic‐Based Bioprinting to Fabricate Biomimetic Tissues and Organs
Authors: Davoodi Elham , Sarikhani Einollah , Montazerian Hossein , Ahadian Samad , Costantini Marco , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Willerth Stephanie Michelle , Walus Konrad , Mofidfar Mohammad , Toyserkani Ehsan , Khademhosseini Ali , Ashammakhi Nureddin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNext generation engineered tissue constructs with complex and ordered architectures aim to better mimic the native tissue structures, largely due to advances in 3D bioprinting techniques. Extrusion bioprinting has drawn tremendous attention due to its widespread availability, cost‐effectiveness, simplicity, and its facile and rapid processing. However, poor printing resolution and low speed have limited its fidelity and clinical implementation. To circumvent the downsides associated with extrusion printing, microfluidic technologies are increasingly being implemented in 3D bioprinting for engineering living constructs. These technologies enable biofabrication of heterogeneous biomimetic structures made of different types of cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules. Microfluiding bioprinting technology enables highly controlled fabrication of 3D constructs in high resolutions and it has been shown to be useful for building tubular structures and vascularized constructs, which may promote the survival and integration of implanted engineered tissues. Although this field is currently in its early development and the number of bioprinted implants is limited, it is envisioned that it will have a major impact on the production of customized clinical‐grade tissue constructs. Further studies are, however, needed to fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the technology in the lab and its translation to the clinic.
Multichannel Effect of Triplet Excitons for Highly Efficient Green and Red Phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Tian Qi‐Sheng , Yuan Shuai , Shen Wan‐Shan , Zhang Yuan‐Lan , Wang Xue‐Qi , Kong Fan‐Cheng , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the inherent organic–metal system property, phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) are capable of exhibiting high performance. However, the existence of unintended triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA), which is mainly originated from high triplet exciton density leading to inferior device performance, is a current predicament. For mitigating the TTA in devices, reported herein is an effective host system with the role of precisely controlling the triplet excitons via the multichannel processes, in which a bipolar host material, a hole‐transporting material, and an electron‐transporting material are mixed to manage the triplet exciton transfer. The mixed‐host with so‐called “triplet excitons harvesting” strategy exhibits two concomitant reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) processes that simultaneously occur in the bipolar host material:electron‐transporting material and the host‐transporting material:electron‐transporting material exciplexes, respectively. Highly efficient green and red PhOLEDs are demonstrated by these multichannel processes, in which phosphorescent emitters bis(2‐phenylpyridine) (acetylacetonate) iridium(III) (Ir(ppy)2(acac)) and bis(2‐methyldibenzo[f,h]‐quinoxaline) (acetylacetonate) iridium(III) (Ir(MDQ)2(acac)) are doped into the mixed‐host, respectively. The green and red PhOLEDs realize nearly 30% of maximum external quantum efficiencies of 29.4% and 29.2%, respectively, and also maintain 29.1% and 28.3% at 1000 cd m−2. These excellent efficiencies and low roll‐offs confirm that the concomitant RISC processes effectively manage and utilize triplet excitons.
Synthesis of Bulky 1,1‐Diarylalkanes by Copper‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Alkylarylation of Styrenes with α‐Carbonyl Alkyl Bromides and Arenes involving C−H Functionalization
Authors: Luo Shu‐Zheng , Min Man‐Yi , Wu Yan‐Chen , Jiang Shuai‐Shuai , Xiao Yu‐Ting , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA copper and silver‐promoted intermolecular 1,2‐alkylarylation of styrenes with α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides and arenes for producing highly bulky 1,1‐diarylalkane derivatives has been developed. In this transformations, two new C−C bonds were formed in a single reaction step through C−Br bond cleavage and C(sp2)−H functionalization. This protocol tolerates a variety of α‐carbonyl alkyl bromides, including primary, secondary and tertiary α‐bromoalkyl ketone esters.magnified image
The Manipulation of RNA‐Guided Nucleic Acid Cleavage with Ninhydrin Chemistry
Authors: Wang Shao‐Ru , Huang Hai‐Yan , Liu Jian , Wei Lai , Wu Ling‐Yu , Xiong Wei , Yin Ping , Tian Tian , Zhou Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) systems have been established as valuable genome‐editing tools. Controlling CRISPR systems has high biological significance and this field has garnered intense interest. There is a considerable need for simple approaches with no need for protein engineering. The CRISPR systems usually require a guide RNA (gRNA) moiety to recruit and direct the nuclease complexes. In this respect, the ninhydrin (1,2,3‐indantrione monohydrate) seems to have considerable potential, as yet unexploited, for modifying gRNA. In this study, ninhydrin chemistry is explored for reversible postsynthetic modification of gRNA molecules. It is further shown that ninhydrin chemistry is efficient in modulating two important CRISPR systems. Thus, ninhydrin chemistry exhibits potential applications in future chemical biology studies.
Community Organizing and Transformative Change in the Response to Domestic Violence in India
Authors: Menon Suvarna V. , Allen Nicole E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPervasive cultural narratives that normalize domestic violence have made efforts to respond to domestic violence in India challenging. An effective response to domestic violence in India needs to be transformative in nature, supporting the empowerment of survivors of violence and empowering communities to support survivors. Various studies have highlighted the importance of settings like grassroots organizations for promoting empowerment of members through community organizing. This qualitative study builds on this growing body of research using a grassroots agency in India as an exemplar to understand (a) empowering processes at the individual and community level associated with the agency’s community organizing efforts; and (b) salient mechanisms associated with social change and action in the response to domestic violence in the community. At the individual level, the agency’s organizing efforts provided knowledge, skills and resources, and opportunities for participation and leadership. At the community level, the agency engages in capacity building and increases social capital of members. The mechanisms that emerged as salient were increased critical consciousness of members, an emphasis on breaking the silence around domestic violence, community trust and cohesion, and capacity for informal social control. Implications of our findings for intervention and prevention work are discussed.Highlights

Community organizing is an important avenue for change in the response to domestic violence.

Community organizing can facilitate empowering processes like participation and leadership.

Building capacity and social capital is central to facilitating empowerment of communities.