bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Silico Analysis Using Hybrid Support Vector Machine and Second Order of Markov Chain for Multiple Sequence Alignment to Identify the Types of Leukaemia
Authors: Irawan Mohammad Isa , Al Faroby Mohammad Hamim Zajuli , Dyah Nurhayati Awik Pudji 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Cancer is a disease that causes an abnormal growth of cells and can attack every part of the body, which is occurred because of a damage in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that leads to a mutation in a vital gene that controls cell division. The biomarker technology that used in clinical practice still used a high cost and need a long time to detect the cancer signs. As the former studies about cancer, the biomarker has been detected in the microarray data. In this paper, we used a support vector machine (SVM) to classify 4 type of leukaemia. Begin with extracting the data feature of sequence DNA from a string into numeric using Second order of Markov chain, SVM classified DNA using 40 data for the training step and 25 data for testing step. In this paper, SVM used 3 types of the kernel, which are linear, Gaussian radial basis function, and polynomial. The results showed that the Gaussian kernel has the best accuracy then other kernel.
Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) values using three Holladay incorporated method SIA calculators
Authors: Muziman Syah M M Md , Adabiah M Nurul , Noorhazayti A H , Nazaryna M , Azuwan M , Noryanti M , Mohd Zulfaezal C A , Ezailina B Noor 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Postoperative residual astigmatism is one of the unsatisfying visual outcomes of phacoemulsification resulting from surgically induced astigmatism (SIA). Various SIA calculators have been introduced to assist surgeons in calculating SIA for toric intraocular lens (IOL) determination. The aim of this study was to compare SIA values calculated using three different Holladay incorporated method SIA calculators. A data set of 80 eyes from 72 subjects who had undergone uneventful phacoemulsification using less than 3 mm clear corneal incision technique were included in the study. The preoperative and postoperative K-readings were computed into the three online Holladay incorporated method SIA calculators which were the SIA Calculator version 1.1 (SIAC1.1); Single Case SIA Calculator (SCSIAC); and Panacea SIA Calculator version 8(6.0) (Panacea). The mean individual SIA values obtained from each calculator were compared. There were no significant differences in mean individual SIA between the calculators (p > 0.05). Pearson’s correlation coefficients for all compared calculators achieved 0.99. The ranges of 95% limit of agreement between calculators were too small and tight, ranged from -0.012 to 0.012 only. In conclusion, the SIAC1.1, SCSIAC and Panacea produced a comparable SIA value among calculators. Hence, either one can be used interchangeably.
Kinematics study on PLF technique by comparing professional and amateur Malaysian army parachutists based on event during landing
Authors: Aziz S , Rambely A S , Rauf U F A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the difference of kinematics data for Parachute Landing Fall (PLF) technique on sagittal plane based on skill and experienced by comparing data between professional and amateur paratroopers during landing. Two events were accounted for this paper which is the “release the iron swing” and “before foot touch the ground”. Data were obtained by observing three professional and eighteen amateur paratroopers during three consecutive landings using motion caption analysis by Quintic Biomechanics Software. Professionals parachutists demonstrated a greater angle of body bending during landing and utilized smaller values of acceleration, velocity and angle joints during PLF technique for wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee and ankle joints compared to amateur parachutists. The values of velocity, acceleration and angle in each joint from professionals can be used as a main reference for amateurs to perform parachuting training and reduce injuries.
Some algebraic Rhotrices using a method of spanning
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad Hassan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rhotrix has been extensively studied in recent time due to their applicability, as theoretic tools in other field such as engineering, physicist, and other related fields. The aim of this research is to identify the relationship between Rhotrices and some other fields in algebra, and classes of Rhotrices as abstract structures, such as Rings, fields, groups, and then further extended to generate some results using the idea of spanning.
Finitely Memory Strategies in Special Büchi Games with Inductive Measurable Payoffs
Authors: Ab Ghani Ahmad Termimi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The main concern of this paper is to give simple determination of games and investigate the optimality (ε-optimal) strategies (i.e., type of strategy) for each player in a new game, called Special Büchi game. We first review on extension version of reachability games, i.e., generalized reachability games. We next observe games with more complex objectives, games with Büchi objectives. We then introduce and study a new type of Büchi game called Special Büchi game. We define a new strategy, namely a finite memory strategy and provide various interesting results.
The implementation of z-numbers in fuzzy clustering algorithm for wellness of chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Mohd Jamal N J , Ku Khalif K M N , Mohamad M S 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBy gleaning insights from the data, fuzzy clustering capable to learn from data, identify patterns and make decision with minimum human intervention. However, it cannot simply study in detail regarding the quality of data, particularly knowledge of human being. Since the data are collected through decision-makers, the quality and human knowledge of the particular data are crucial factors to be considered. Compared to classical fuzzy numbers, z-numbers has ability to describe the human knowledge because it has both restraint and reliability part in its definition. Consequently, the implementation of z-numbers in fuzzy clustering algorithm is taken into consideration, where it has more authority to describe the knowledge of human being and extensively used in uncertain information development. Thus, there are two objectives of this paper; (i) to propose a reliable fuzzy clustering algorithm using z-numbers and; (ii) to cluster the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients based on the selected indicators to identify which cluster the patients belongs to (Cluster 0, Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3 or Cluster 4) based on the membership functions defined. A case study of the CKD patients with the selected indicators is considered to demonstrate the capability of z-numbers to handle the knowledge of human being and uncertain information and also will present the idea in developing a robust and reliable fuzzy clustering algorithm particularly in dealing with knowledge of human being using z-numbers.
Subgraph of Compatible Action Graph for Finite Cyclic Groups of p-Power Order
Authors: Shahoodh Mohammed Khalid , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Yusof Yuhani , Sulaiman Sahimel Azwal 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Given two groups G and H, then the nonabelian tensor product G ⊗ H is the group generated by g ⨂ h satisfying the relations gg′ ⊗ h = (gg′ ⊗ g
h) (g ⨂ h) and g ⊗ hh′ = (g ⊗ h) (h
g′ ⊗ h
h) for all g
g′ ∈ G and h, h′ ∈ H. If G and H act on each other and each of which acts on itself by conjugation and satisfying (g h)
g′ = g(h(g
-1
g′)) and (h g)
h′ = h(g(h
-1
h′)), then the actions are said to be compatible. The action of G on H, g
h is a homomorphism from G to a group of automorphism H. If (g
h, hg) be a pair of the compatible actions for the nonabelian tensor product of G ⊗ H then Γ
G ⊗ H
= (V(Γ
G ⊗ H
), (E(Γ
G ⊗ H
)) is a compatible action graph with the set of vertices, (V(Γ
G ⊗ H
) and the set of edges, (E(Γ
G ⊗ H
). In this paper, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the cyclic subgroups of p-power order acting on each other in a compatible way are given. Hence, a subgraph of a compatible action graph is introduced and its properties are given.
Semi Bornological Groups
Authors: Imran Anwar N. , Husain Sh. K. Said 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The motivation for this work is to find the sufficient conditions to bornologize any group and solve the problem of boundedness for any group, by constructing new structure semi bornological groups. In particular, we show that every left (right) translations in semi bornological groups are bornological isomorphisms and therefore the semi bornological groups structures are homogeneous, and this property from the semi bornological group is not shared with bornological semigroups. Further, the boundedness of a semi bornological group can be deduced from its boundedness at the identity. So, the problem of boundedness for any group can be solved.
Optimal Design of a Rain Gauge Network Models: Review Paper
Authors: Abu Salleh Nor Sofiza , Mohd Aziz Mohd Khairul Bazli , Adzhar Noraziah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Improved streamflow forecasting is considered an important task for researchers and water resources managers. However, streamflow forecasting is often challenging owing to the complexity of hydrologic systems. The accuracy of streamflow forecasting mainly depends on the input data from rainfall. Hence, this is important to make the estimation of rainfall as accurate as possible result in achieve an economical design of watershed management, water budget studies, reservoir operation, and flood forecasting and control. Most of the previous research was highlighted, an optimal rain gauge network is necessary to provide high quality rainfall estimates. The goal of this paper is to provide a concise review of several studies on the optimal design of a rain gauge network models to enhance the accuracy of streamflow forecasting. This study had two components. First, the design of an optimal rain gauge network using the kriging-based geostatistical approach based on the variance reduction framework. Second, the uses of optimization technique for minimizing the kriging variance in order to optimize rain gauge networks. Additionally, a discussion of both techniques to design an optimal rain gauge network is presented. A well designed rain gauge network is capable of providing accurate rainfall estimates with an optimal number of rain gauge network density. This paper closes with a set of recommendations for what observations and capabilities are needed in the future to advance our understanding of an optimal rain gauge network design and their location for improving the estimate of aerial rainfall.
Estimation of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for Sustainable Fish Catch
Authors: Jamaluddin N A , Hussin S A Sheikh , Zahid Z , Khairi S S Mohd 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fishery is an entity engage with fish catch on the sea ground by fisherman. The fish catch in Peninsular Malaysia has declined by more than 90% since 1960s. Thus, it is important to know the maximum sustainable yield in order to overcome the decreasing number of fish and estimate the number of fishes that can be caught from the sea without endangering the fish population. The main purpose of this study is to calculate the maximum sustainable yield of fish catch in Terengganu by applying Bayesian surplus method. The results show that the amount of maximum sustainable yield is 100100 tons with 205700 fishing trips per year. Based on the value of maximum sustainable yield and optimum number of fishing trip, the current fish stocks have been overfished from year 2000 to 2008 since the fish catch and fishing effort for the year exceeded the optimum value. As a result, the numbers of fish catch for the year 2009 to 2016 was lower even though the fisherman put higher fishing effort.
A Preliminary Study of Optimizing Back Pain Medicinal Cupping Points Disease via Graph Colouring
Authors: Hanafi Nurfatihah Mohamad , Yusof Yuhani , Mohamad Mohd Sham , Abu Bakar Muhamad Faiz , Ibrahim Mohd Adhha 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Medical cupping is an ancient method that is still used by many people. It is an alternative method in healing process for much type of diseases by using special cups on the specific points of the skin to create suction. Every disease has their specific cupping points. As a habit, practitioners will cup based on patient request or complaint, where it give effect to the cost and time. Thus, the aim of this paper is to study the effective ways on finding the optimum number of cupping points for back pain disease through graph colouring. In addition, a formulation in C# language is given too in validating the graph model result. The finding shows that the optimum number of back pain medicinal cupping points is two.
A Comparison of Simulated Annealing Cooling Strategies for Redesigning a Warehouse Network Problem
Authors: Khairuddin Rozieana , Zainuddin Zaitul Marlizawati 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Simulated annealing (SA) is considered a valuable stochastic technique for resolving difficulties associated with comprehensive multidimensional optimisation, which guarantees optimal global convergence. This study explores the use of SA to address the challenges of redesigning warehouse networks and relates the effectiveness of three (3) diverse SA cooling schedules, namely; the basic geometric, logarithmic, and linear. The broad computational findings performed and described in the study indicate that the geometric cooling schedule generates consistent, superior quality, and timely solutions compared to the other schemes.
A Hybrid of Quasi-Newton Method with CG Method for Unconstrained Optimization
Authors: ‘Aini N , Mamat M , Rivaie M , Sulaiman I M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The quasi-Newton is a well-known method for solving small to medium-scale unconstrained optimization problems due to its simplicity and convergence. This leads to many modifications to improve its performance, and one of them is by hybridizing it with another optimization method. In this study, the quasi-Newton method is combined with the ARM method, which is a type of conjugate gradient method. The resulting hybrid algorithm is globally convergent under exact line search.
Calculus video recommender system
Authors: Adam Noor Latiffah , Aiman Sulaiman Muhamad Syahmil , Soh Shaharuddin Cik 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Mathematics had been taught from the lower level of education to the higher level of education. Basic mathematics had been exposed since pre-school to give a good foundation on mathematics so that they can learn better in primary school and also in secondary school. At a higher level of education, the basic calculus is offered and it is one of the core components in mathematics that needs for technical studies. With the advancement on information technology, the students are no longer bound to the face-to-face learning. A plenty of online sources are available to help them learn anytime they want. The text based documents and tutorial videos can be accessed easily. In this research, we had studied the existing recommender system features and the recommendation techniques. Here, we had emphasized on finding the tutorial video based on the user’s preferences particularly on basic calculus topics. A YouTube API is used to retrieve the basic calculus online videos. The YouTube API will send back a list of videos based on the searched keywords. The content-based recommendation technique known as keyword-based vector space model has been chosen because the results tend to show lots of similar videos than any other recommendation techniques. The keyword-based vector space model will convert the video title into a vector space and it will calculate the cross multiplication of the term frequency and the inverse document factor and it will also determine the closeness of the title by using the cosine similarity. The aim of the video recommender system is to help the students in searching an online video tutorial from the internet especially from YouTube and also to give a recommendation of a video based on it’s suitability.
The mathematics education department students’ ability in mathematical literacy for uncertainty problems on PISA adaptation test
Authors: Sanjaya Febi , Dewa Putu W.P. , Julie Hongki , Anggoro Ant. Yudhi , Rudhito M. Andy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a triennial international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students who are nearing the end of their compulsory education. In most of the PISA-related studies, more students as subjects than teachers. Even mathematics education students who are prospective teachers have not got a place in this PISA research. One of goals of this research was to describe mathematics education students’ ability on PISA adaptation test. In this research, there were several steps to achieve the goal, that is (1) creating test questions by adapting PISA test, (2) validating test questions using expert validation, (3) asking the students to do the test, and (4) describing the students’ solution test. The mathematics PISA adaptation test consist of 4 scopes, that is quantity, space and shape, change and relationship, and uncertainty. The test contained 13 questions, three quantity problems, three uncertainty problems, three change and relationship problems, and four space and shape problems. This research used 7 students of Mathematics Education Department of Sanata Dharma University as subject research. This research was a design research which developed by Cobb and Koeno. In the uncertainty area, all students answer correctly at the level 1 problem, six students answer correctly at the level 4 problem, two students answer correctly at the level 5 problem, two students answer correctly at the level 5 second problem, one student answers correctly at the level 6 problem. Therefore, the quality of mathematics education students’ needs to be improved to reach the maximum level in PISA.
Pre-Service Mathematics Teachers’ Knowledge about Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Rianasari Veronika Fitri , Apriani Maria Suci 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMathematics learning should be designed to develop students’ higher order thinking skills. A deeper understanding of higher-order thinking will support teachers to be able to design mathematics learning that promotes students’ higher-order thinking skills. The purposes of this research are to describe pre-service mathematics teachers’ knowledge about Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and their ability in designing HOTS-based problem. The research participants are 9 pre-service mathematics teachers joining profession education for pre-service teachers at Sanata Dharma University. Data sources in this research include a written test about teachers’ understanding of HOTS and a written test about teachers’ ability to design HOTS-based problem. The analysis of data involved Miles & Huberman model. Qualitative results showed that pre-service mathematics teachers were not able to associate the cognitive demands of HOTS-based problem with the dimension of cognitive processes of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy. Besides, almost all the pre-service teachers were not able to design a non-routine problem, they tended to design a familiar application problem that requires students to memorize facts, concepts, or procedures that have been done before and apply them to the context. Based on the results, can be concluded that pre-service teachers’ knowledge about HOTS and their ability to design HOTS-based problem are very low.
Analysis of student errors in integral concepts based on the indicator of mathematical competency using orthon classification
Authors: Ramdani Yani , Kurniati Nety , Harahap Erwin , Setiawati Euis , Kurniati Nia , Keizer Henriady de 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper reveals findings from a research that investigates the errors of students’ understanding of integral concepts. Research design is quasi-experimental. Data collection is done through test instruments that are used for two purposes. The first objective is to find out the level of student error in solving problems. The second objective is to analyze and explain the results of student performance. Respondents of this study were two hundred students who took courses in Integral Calculus. Error level data were calculated using descriptive statistics and analyzed using Orthon theory. The findings show that the highest average level of student error in integral concepts based on learning strategies, early knowledge of mathematics, gender, and the educational background in the Scientific Debate class is arbitrary errors with mathematical competencies which are adaptive reasoning include: (1) estimating answers and process of solutions, and use patterns and relationships to analyze mathematical situations; (2) compile and test the conjecture; (3) follow the rules of inference and compile valid arguments, check the validity of arguments. In the conventional class, the level of highest error is Executive Errors with mathematical competencies are productive dispositions, namely the ability to always see mathematics positively, beneficially, and meaningfully.
Staging of breast cancer based on the area of the primary tumour
Authors: Embong R , Sanuddin M H , Md Ali M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common and alarming diseases for women. With early detection and diagnosis, the chances of successful treatment and survival would improve. The diagnosis includes classification or staging of the breast cancer, which plays an important role in the prognosis of the disease hence determining the best treatment for the disease. Breast cancer staging is a way of describing the size of a cancer and how far it has grown. One of the staging numbering systems is the Tumour-Node-Metastasis (TNM) system, which categories cancer into several stages. Most types of cancer have four stages, numbered from I to IV. Normally, staging is determined by doctors by examining the pathology information which describes the spreading area of the cancer. In this study, a series of computer algorithms is applied to produce the area information of the cancerous region. The methodology consists of four phases which are image gathering; image pre-processing using Median filter and PCA; image segmentation using FCM; and staging using the area of the primary tumour as a representation of size in the TNM system. From thirty-five randomly selected mammography images of Malaysian women with malignant tumour, 14.3% is in stage I, 5.7% is in stage II and 80% in stage III. Experimental results also shows that 96.4% accuracy is obtained for stage III but higher errors occur at the boundaries of the staging scale.
Development and Implementation of Block Unification Multi-step Methods for the Solution of Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Mohammed Umaru , Oyewole Oyelami , Semenov Mikhail , Ma’ali Aliyu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, linear multi-step hybrid block methods with three-, four- and five-step numbers are developed for approximating directly the solution of second order Initial and Boundary Value Problems (IBVPs). Multiple finite difference formulas are derived and combined in a block formulation to form a numerical integrator that provides direct solution to second order IBVPs over sub-intervals. A new class of orthogonal polynomials constructed as basis function to develop the hybrid block methods adopting collocation technique with a non-negative weight function. The scheme is applied as simultaneous integrator to second order initial value and boundary value problems of ODEs. The properties and convergence of the proposed method are discussed. The derived schemes were used to solve some problems and the numerical result shows the effectiveness, accuracy and superiority of the method over the existing methods found in the literature.