bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Role of the Sternohyoideus Muscle During Suction Feeding in Striped Surfperch,Embiotoca lateralis
Authors: Lomax J J , Martinson T F , Jimenez Y E , Brainerd E L 
Published: July 2020

SynopsisIn ray-finned fishes, the sternohyoideus (SH) is among the largest muscles in the head region and, based on its size, can potentially contribute to the overall power required for suction feeding. However, the function of the SH varies interspecifically. In largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and several clariid catfishes, the SH functions similarly to a stiff ligament. In these species, the SH remains isometric and transmitts power from the hypaxial musculature to the hyoid apparatus during suction feeding. Alternatively, the SH can shorten and contribute muscle power during suction feeding, a condition observed in the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and one clariid catfish. An emerging hypothesis centers on SH muscle size as a predictor of function: in fishes with a large SH, the SH shortens during suction feeding, whereas in fish with a smaller SH, the muscle may remain isometric. Here, we studied striped surfperch (Embiotoca lateralis), a species in which the SH is relatively large at 8.8% of axial muscle mass compared with 4.0% for L. macrochirus and 1.7% for M. salmoides, to determine whether the SH shortens during suction feeding and is, therefore, bifunctional—both transmitting and generating power—or remains isometric and only transmits power. We measured skeletal kinematics of the neurocranium, urohyal, and cleithrum with Video Reconstruction of Moving Morphology, along with muscle strain and shortening velocity in the SH and epaxial muscles, using a new method of 3D external marker tracking. We found mean SH shortening during suction feeding strikes (n = 22 strikes from four individual E. lateralis) was 7.2 ± 0.55% (±SEM) of initial muscle length. Mean peak speed of shortening was 4.9 ± 0.65 lengths s−1, and maximum shortening speed occurred right around peak gape when peak power is generated in suction feeding. The cleithrum of E. lateralis retracts and depresses but the urohyal retracts and depresses even more, a strong indicator of a bifunctional SH capable of not only generating its own power but also transmitting hypaxial power to the hyoid. While power production in E. lateralis is still likely dominated by the axial musculature, since even the relatively large SH of E. lateralis is only 8.8% of axial muscle mass, the SH may contribute a meaningful amount of power given its continual shortening just prior to peak gape across all strikes. These results support the finding from other groups of fishes that a large SH muscle, relative to axial muscle mass, is likely to both generate and transmit power during suction feeding.
Inverse Gaussian beam stacking method for imaging both primary reflections and free-surface multiples in 2D VSP
Authors: Yang Feilong , Huang Dezhi , Yang Jidong , Yu Dai , Luo Hao , Zhao Chi , Zhao Chong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In vertical seismic profiling (VSP) exploration, it is difficult to produce an accurate image for large-offset reflections only using reflection waves and the image resolution is low in traditional VSP-CDP stacking as is the number of folds of reflection points. To mitigate these problems, we present an inverse Gaussian beam stacking method for imaging both primary reflections and free-surface multiples. We first compute the stacking weighted functions at each trace location by Gaussian beam forward modeling, and then apply an inverse projection for VSP data to produce common shot gathers (CRP). Since inverse Gaussian beam stacking maps the common-shot data along finite-frequency wave-paths instead of single rays as the traditional ray-based stacking method does, it enlarges the reflection-point coverage, increases stacking fold and reduces the requirement for large bin sizes. We incorporate free-surface multiples into the proposed inverse Gaussian beam stacking, which enables us to expand the horizontal imaging aperture and mitigate the low-fold problem of primary reflections in the shallow large-offset regions for VSP surveys. Numerical examples for synthetic and field data demonstrate the feasibility and adaptability of the proposed inverse Gaussian beam stacking method for VSP data.
IPANEMAP: integrative probing analysis of nucleic acids empowered by multiple accessibility profiles
Authors: Saaidi Afaf , Allouche Delphine , Regnier Mireille , Sargueil Bruno , Ponty Yann 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe manual production of reliable RNA structure models from chemical probing experiments benefits from the integration of information derived from multiple protocols and reagents. However, the interpretation of multiple probing profiles remains a complex task, hindering the quality and reproducibility of modeling efforts. We introduce IPANEMAP, the first automated method for the modeling of RNA structure from multiple probing reactivity profiles. Input profiles can result from experiments based on diverse protocols, reagents, or collection of variants, and are jointly analyzed to predict the dominant conformations of an RNA. IPANEMAP combines sampling, clustering and multi-optimization, to produce secondary structure models that are both stable and well-supported by experimental evidences. The analysis of multiple reactivity profiles, both publicly available and produced in our study, demonstrates the good performances of IPANEMAP, even in a mono probing setting. It confirms the potential of integrating multiple sources of probing data, informing the design of informative probing assays.
Insights into the global effect on Staphylococcus aureus growth arrest by induction of the endoribonuclease MazF toxin
Authors: Sierra Roberto , Prados Julien , Panasenko Olesya O , Andrey Diego O , Fleuchot Betty , Redder Peter , Kelley William L , Viollier Patrick H , Renzoni Adriana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A crucial bacterial strategy to avoid killing by antibiotics is to enter a growth arrested state, yet the molecular mechanisms behind this process remain elusive. The conditional overexpression of mazF, the endoribonuclease toxin of the MazEF toxin–antitoxin system in Staphylococcus aureus, is one approach to induce bacterial growth arrest, but its targets remain largely unknown. We used overexpression of mazF and high-throughput sequence analysis following the exact mapping of non-phosphorylated transcriptome ends (nEMOTE) technique to reveal in vivo toxin cleavage sites on a global scale. We obtained a catalogue of MazF cleavage sites and unearthed an extended MazF cleavage specificity that goes beyond the previously reported one. We correlated transcript cleavage and abundance in a global transcriptomic profiling during mazF overexpression. We observed that MazF affects RNA molecules involved in ribosome biogenesis, cell wall synthesis, cell division and RNA turnover and thus deliver a plausible explanation for how mazF overexpression induces stasis. We hypothesize that autoregulation of MazF occurs by directly modulating the MazEF operon, such as the rsbUVW genes that regulate the sigma factor SigB, including an observed cleavage site on the MazF mRNA that would ultimately play a role in entry and exit from bacterial stasis.
Microsurgical Treatment of Unruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: Approaches and Outcomes in a Large Contemporary Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nussbaum Eric S , Touchette Jillienne C , Madison Michael T , Goddard James K , Lassig Jeffrey P , Nussbaum Leslie A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
With advances in endovascular techniques, the relative roles of microsurgery and endovascular therapy in the management of intracranial aneurysms have become less clear, and data regarding treatment-specific outcomes are increasingly important.

OBJECTIVE
To describe our experience with microsurgery in a large series of unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms (ACOMMAAs) and detail our treatment decision-making process based on individual aneurysm morphology.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed unruptured ACOMMAAs treated microsurgically at our center between 1997 and 2018, recording aneurysm size, surgical approach, occlusion rates, neurological outcomes, and complications.

RESULTS
We treated 300 unruptured ACOMMAAs in 300 patients, mean age 49 yr, 180 (60.0%) female, including 245 (81.7%) small, 50 (16.7%) large, and 5 (1.7%) giant aneurysms. Most underwent a pterional approach (253, 84.3%), with orbitozygomatic or anterior interhemispheric approaches in 35 (11.7%) and 12 (4%), respectively. Greater than 95% occlusion was achieved in 284 (94.7%), 90% to 95% occlusion in 13 (4.3%), and 3 (1.0%) underwent wrapping. Serious complications occurred in 3 patients (1.0%) resulting in 2 deaths (0.7%), and minor complications in 12 (4.0%). At final follow-up, good neurological outcome was observed in 297 (99.0%) patients.

CONCLUSION
Given clinical equipoise regarding optimal treatment of unruptured ACOMMAAs, this work provides a benchmark for achievable microsurgical outcomes. Future surgical/endovascular studies should separate results of ruptured and unruptured lesions and describe aneurysm morphology to allow for better comparison of outcomes between treatments. We suggest that open microsurgery represents an important option for select, morphologically complex ACOMMAAs, and that a multidisciplinary approach offers optimal patient outcomes.
Nonlinear Effects of Linearly Increasing Perceptual Load on ERPs to Emotional Pictures
Authors: Schindler Sebastian , Gutewort Laura , Bruchmann Maximilian , Moeck Robert , Straube Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe prioritized processing of emotional as compared to neutral stimuli is reflected in enlarged event-related potentials (ERPs). However, perceptual load theory proposes that under conditions of high perceptual load, information processing is attenuated or abolished. The parametrical effects of load on ERPs to emotional pictures are unknown. To shed light on this question, the current preregistered ERP study (N = 30) systematically investigated the effects of load on ERPs to task-irrelevant negative, neutral, and positive pictures. Crucially, while perceptual input was held constant, perceptual load was systematically manipulated so that it increased linearly across 4 load levels, which was evident in behavioral data. In contrast, load effects on ERP differences between emotional and neutral stimuli did not follow a linear function. For the N1, early posterior negativity and late positive potential, a nonlinear function with reversed emotion effects at the third load level provided the best fit. These findings do not only show that perceptual load attenuates emotional picture processing but also suggest that active processes are initiated to reduce distraction by emotional information. Moreover, these effects of perceptual load on emotional ERP components appear to deviate from theoretically expected functions.
Identification of Risk Factors for Testing of Hepatitis C in Non-Birth Cohort Patients: Is Universal Screening Necessary?
Authors: Smart Amanda , Geboy Alexander , Basch Peter , Nichols Whitney , Zeymo Alexander , Perez Idene , Hafeez Maria , Fleisher Ilan , Fernandez Stephen , Fishbein Dawn 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
CDC reported that 45% of Hepatitis C (HCV) infected people denied known risk factors. Electronic health record RF-based, non-Birth Cohort (born outside of years 1945–1965) screening is challenging as risk factors are often input as nonsearchable data. Testing non-Birth Cohort patients solely based on risk factors has the potential to miss a substantial number of HCV infected patients. The aim was to determine the HCV antibody positive prevalence who would have been missed had providers only followed risk factor based screening recommendations.

Methods:
A 1:3 case-control retrospective nested chart review was conducted. HCV risk factors and opioid prescriptions were manually abstracted from the Electronic Health Record; other variables were collected using Explorys. In July 2015 HCV screening data was collected on non-Birth Cohort patients who were HCV tested across MedStar Health, as a presumptive marker for high risk. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to determine HCV antibody positive predictors.

Results:
Eighteen (23%) HCV antibody positive and 123 (49%) HCV antibody negative had no identified risk factors; 6 (33%) HCV antibody positive reported risk factors only after a positive test result. There was a significant interaction between age over 40 and opioid prescription use; these groups were 11× more likely to be HCV antibody positive (CI95 1.6–74.8).

Conclusions:
HCV testing solely based on presence of risk factors in non-Birth Cohort patients has the potential to miss a significant number of HCV antibody positive patients. Given patient- and provider-level barriers in elucidating risk factors, universal HCV antibody screening may be warranted.
Patterns of Prescription Opioid Use Prior to Self-reported Heroin Initiation
Authors: Hartung Daniel M. , Geddes Jonah , Johnston Kirbee A. , Leichtling Gillian , Hallvik Sara , Hildebran Christi , Korthuis P. Todd 
Published: July 2020

Objectives:
To determine the association between self-reported heroin initiation and patterns of prescription opioid use.

Methods:
Using linked Oregon Medicaid, prescription drug monitoring program, and Treatment Episodes Data Set data, we conducted a case-control study of individuals reporting heroin initiation between 2015 and 2017 during treatment intake. Prescription drug monitoring program data provided prescription opioid use patterns, including long-term prescription opioid therapy, in the year before self-reported heroin initiation. Four controls were matched to each case on aggregate prescription opioid use and demographics.

Results:
About half (49%) of individuals who reported heroin initiation filled an opioid in the year before initiation. Individuals who initiated heroin (n = 306) were more likely to receive prescriptions from multiple prescribers (24% vs 18%, P = 0.007) and pharmacies (12% vs 5%, P < 0.001) compared with matched controls (n = 1224). Long-term opioid therapy (13% vs 14%, P = 0.74) was uncommon and did not differ between groups.

Conclusions:
Although prescription opioid use commonly preceded self-reported heroin initiation, long-term opioid therapy was not common. Although this study did not find an association between opioid discontinuation and heroin initiation, sample size and follow-up limitations preclude definitive conclusions. Efforts to limit prescription opioids should continue to evaluate for unintended harms.
Investigation of the Efficacy of an Intervention on Vancomycin Use in a Country With High Rate of Vancomycin Prescription
Authors: Mohseni Maryam , Sheybani Fereshte , Eslami Saeid , Taherzadeh Zhila , Naderi HamidReza , YaddolahiFar Mohaddeseh , Khosravi Nasrin , Tayefi Maryam 
Published: July 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of a reminder for the prescriber at the second key time of antimicrobial prescription on vancomycin use.

Methods and Materials
This study was conducted in a teaching hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, during a 6-month period. All hospitalized adult patients who received more than 48 hours of vancomycin were included and divided into an intervention and a non-intervention group. The intervention was a reminder to the prescriber in the form of a warning letter attached to the patient medical record at the second key time of the antibiotic prescription, emphasizing the microbiological test results. The primary outcome measure was the number of vancomycin days per patient.

Results
A total of 24,597 hospitalized adult patients were assessed for eligibility, of whom 1006 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the rate of vancomycin prescription in preintervention period was 152.3 per 1000 hospitalized adult patients. In the post intervention period, the overall number of vancomycin days decreased significantly, with a reduction from 4342 to 1012 days in the intervention group that was equal to a decline of the mean of vancomycin days per patient from 10.9 to 8.9 days (P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Our study showed the effectiveness of an intervention in the form of a reminder at the second key time of antibiotic prescription in decreasing the overall number of vancomycin days and a mean of vancomycin days per patient. Despite this, there was still a high rate of overuse of vancomycin in the intervention group in postintervention period; a finding that emphasizes the importance and needs of root cause analysis of the factors associated with antibiotic prescription behaviors despite implementation of interventions in the future studies.
Strongyloides stercoralis in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Hirani Fizza , Oladunjoye Olubunmi , Oladunjoye Adeolu , Patel Nitin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Strongyloides hyperinfection diagnosis has been associated with high mortality. We present a case series of 3 immunocompromised patients who had severe infection of Strongyloides including 1 fatal case. The first patient was on chronic steroids and cyclophosphamide for acquired hemophilia. She was admitted for sepsis with bacteremia and multifocal pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and sputum positive for Strongyloides. The second patient was on chronic steroids and infliximab and developed septic shock secondary to multifocal pneumonia, enterococcal bacteremia, and disseminated strongyloidiasis with hyperinfection. The third patient on chronic steroids and immunosuppressive therapy presented with worsening dyspnea and cough and was found to have strongyloidiasis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Early identification and treatment of at-risk population particularly the immunocompromised could potentially reduce the risk of mortality.
Efficacy of the DEET, IR3535, and Picaridin Topical Use Against Aedes Aegypti
Authors: Feuser Zoé Paulina , Colonetti Tamy , Grande Antonio José , Rodrigues Uggioni Maria Laura , Roever Leonardo , da Rosa Maria Inês 
Published: July 2020

Objective
This systematic review aims to determine the efficacy of the insect repellent for topical use against the Aedes aegypti.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted until June 2018 using the following terms: “Aedes aegypti,” “topical repellents,” “picaridin,” “DEET,” and “IR3535.” The quality of the study was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist.

Results
The most effective asset was 80% DEET with 420-minute protection time but used at a very high concentration, with risks of adverse effects, followed by 20% picaridin with protection time of 410.4 minutes, 20% DEET with protection time greater than 380 minutes, 15% IR3535 with protection time of 362 minutes, 10% IR3535 with 356-minute protection time, and 10% picaridin with protection time of 351.5 minutes.

Conclusions
Because of the results found here, it is recommended to carry out new studies to compare the performance of repellent with reliability.
Maternal and Microorganism Characteristics Cannot Predict Adverse Outcome in Pregnancies Complicated With Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Orgul Gokcen , Uyanik Esra , Sancak Banu , Beksac M. Sinan 
Published: July 2020

Background
Previous studies revealed different results on the impact of urinary tract infection on pregnancy outcomes. Inconsistent data on adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are reported in several studies.

Methods
Microorganisms were classified into 4 groups; Enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive cocci, fungi and others. Adverse pregnancy outcome was defined in the presence of IUGR, preterm delivery, low birth weight, and low appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration score. Adverse and no adverse outcome groups were compared.

Results
The total number of women with a positive urinary culture was 186. The most common isolated microorganism was Escherichia coli (n = 111, 59.7%). Among E. coli isolates, resistance was most common to ampicillin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. The mean gestational week was 23.3 ± 1.12 for the urinary tract infection onset time and recurrence rate was 11.8% (n = 22). Oral antibiotics were prescribed to 164 outpatient women and hospitalization was required in 22 cases (11.8%). The rates of IUGR, low birth weight, low appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration, and preterm delivery were 11.8%, 11.3%, 6.9%, and 17.7%, respectively. There were 137 women (73.7%) in no adverse outcome group, whereas 49 women (26.3%) were in adverse outcome group. There was no significant difference in terms of bacteria group and maternal characteristics between 2 groups (P < 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
Maternal and microorganism characteristics are similar in pregnancies complicated with urinary infections in terms of adverse outcome. It is not possible to predict the ongoing pregnancy course by identifying maternal and microbiological features.
Micronutrient deficits in patients with chronic pancreatitis: prevalence, risk factors and pitfalls
Authors: Jøker-Jensen Henriette , Mathiasen Anne Sofie , Køhler Marianne , Rasmussen Henrik Højgaard , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Olesen Søren Schou 
Published: July 2020

Objective
We investigated the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and associated patient and disease-related risk factors in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods
We enrolled 115 consecutive CP outpatients. Micro-nutritional assessments included plasma levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D and E) and trace elements (magnesium and zinc). Bioelectrical impedance and muscle function tests were used to characterize the macro-nutritional status (sarcopenia and phase angle). Prevalence of micro-nutritional deficiencies was estimated and associated with a number of patient and disease characteristics including presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and diabetes mellitus. In an additional analysis, we explored the association between micronutrient levels and macro-nutritional status.

Results
The mean age of patients was 57.9 ± 13.0 years, 71% were men and 50% had an alcoholic aetiology. Vitamin D deficiency (22%) was the most common micronutrient deficit followed by zinc deficiency (20%) and magnesium deficiency (17%). Vitamin A deficiency (10%) and vitamin E deficiency (7%) were only seen in patients with EPI (P ≤ 0.03), while the presence of trace element deficits was associated with plasma albumin levels (P ≤ 0.006). Plasma zinc levels were decreased in sarcopenic patients (P < 0.001) and positively correlated to phase angle (coefficient 0.28; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Various micronutrient deficits were observed in CP outpatients, and associated risk factors were diverse and distinct for the individual nutrients. Taken together, our findings highlight the complexity of micronutrient assessment in patients with CP and emphasise the importance of simultaneous evaluation of plasma protein levels, inflammatory activity and macro-nutritional status.