bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephron-Sparing Surgery for Adult Xp11.2 Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma at Clinical T1 Stage: A Multicenter Study in China
Authors: Liu Ning , Qu Feng , Shi Qiancheng , Zhuang Wenyuan , Ma Wenliang , Yang Zhenhao , Sun Jing , Xu Wei , Zhang Lihua , Jia Ruipeng , Xu Linfeng , Zhao Xiaozhi , Li Xiaogong , Zhang Gutian , Guo Hongqian , Li Dongmei , Gan Weidong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the oncologic efficacy and feasibility of nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) in adult Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Patients and Methods
Seventy patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC and 273 with conventional RCC from five institutions in Nanjing were retrospectively studied. All patients were older than 18 years and were categorized into clinical T1 (cT1) stage using preoperative imaging. Using the preoperative imaging and electronic medical records, anatomical and pathological features were collected and analyzed.

Results
Among patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC, 18/36 (50.0%) with cT1a and 12/34 (35.3%) with cT1b tumors underwent NSS. The respective proportions in the conventional RCC group were 121/145 (83.4%) and 93/128 (72.7%). Among cT1a tumors, the Xp11.2 translocation RCCs tended to be adjacent to the collecting system, sinus, and axial renal midline compared with conventional RCCs. Patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCCs who underwent NSS had comparable progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival to radical nephrectomy (RN) patients (P > 0.05). Among cT1b tumors, surgical margin positivity and pelvicalyceal, vascular, and region lymphatic involvement were more likely to occur in the Xp11.2 translocation RCCs (P < 0.05). Patients with Xp11.2 translocation RCC who underwent RN had a more favorable PFS than those who underwent NSS (P = 0.048). However, multivariate analysis of PFS did not identify surgical method as a risk factor (P = 0.089).

Conclusions
Among adults with Xp11.2 translocation RCC, NSS can be an alternative for patients with cT1a tumor but should be performed with more deliberation in patients with cT1b tumors.
The impact of the introduction of artificial intelligence in radiology and its potential legal implications in the UK and Ireland
Authors: Anderson Toni , Torreggiani William C , Munk Peter L , Mallinson Paul I 
Published: July 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined as a branch of computer science dealing with the capability and simulation of a machine to imitate intelligent human behaviour. Diagnostic radiology, being a computer-based service, is unsurprisingly at the forefront of the discussion of the use of AI in medicine. There are however differing schools of thought regarding its use; namely, will AI eventually replace the radiologist? Or indeed will it ever be fully capable of replacing radiology as a speciality, but rather be used as an aid to the profession whereby a human’s input will always be required? Furthermore, what will the legal implications of AI in radiology mean to the profession? Who will be liable for missed diagnoses? Is it possible that the introduction of AI to radiology will in fact make the profession busier?
Current practice in systematic reviews including the ‘PICO for each synthesis’ and methods other than meta-analysis: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cumpston Miranda S. , McKenzie Joanne E. , Thomas James , Brennan Sue E. 
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Systematic reviews are used to synthesise research and inform decision making by clinicians, consumers and policy makers. The synthesis component of systematic reviews is often narrowly considered as the use of statistical methods to combine the results of studies, primarily meta-analysis. However, synthesis can be considered more broadly as a process beginning with: (i) defining the groupings of populations, interventions and outcomes to be compared (the ‘PICO for each synthesis’); (ii) examining the characteristics of the available studies; and (iii) applying synthesis methods from among multiple options. To date, there has been limited examination of approaches used in reviews to define and group PICO characteristics and synthesis methods other than meta-analysis. Objectives: To identify and describe current practice in systematic reviews in relation to structuring the PICO for each synthesis and methods for synthesis when meta-analysis is not used. Methods: We will randomly sample 100 systematic reviews of the effects of public health and health systems interventions published in 2018 and indexed in the Health Evidence and Health Systems Evidence databases. Two authors will independently screen studies for eligibility. One author will extract data on approaches to grouping and defining populations, interventions and outcomes, and the rationale for the chosen groups; and the presentation and synthesis methods used (e.g. tabulation, visual displays, statistical synthesis methods such as combining P values, vote counting based on direction of effect). A second author will undertake independent data extraction for a subsample of reviews. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarise the findings. Specifically, we will compare approaches to grouping in reviews that primarily use meta-analysis versus those that do not. Conclusion: This study will provide an understanding of current practice in two important aspects of the synthesis process, enabling future research to test the feasibility and impact of different methodological approaches.
Recent Developments in Tuberculous Meningitis Pathogenesis and Diagnostics
Authors: Cresswell Fiona V , Davis Angharad G. , Sharma Kusum , Basu Roy Robindra , Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , Kagimu Enock , Solomons Regan , Wilkinson Robert J. , Bahr Nathan C , Thuong Nguyen Thuy Thuong ,   Tuberculous Meningitis International Research Consortium
Published: July 2020

The pathogenesis of Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is poorly understood, but contemporary molecular biology technologies have allowed for recent improvements in our understanding of TBM. For instance, neutrophils appear to play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of TBM, and either a paucity or an excess of inflammation can be detrimental in TBM. Further, severity of HIV-associated immunosuppression is an important determinant of inflammatory response; patients with the advanced immunosuppression (CD4+ T-cell count of <150 cells/μL) having higher CSF neutrophils, greater CSF cytokine concentrations and higher mortality than those with CD4+ T-cell counts > 150 cells/μL. Host genetics may also influence outcomes with LT4AH genotype predicting inflammatory phenotype, steroid responsiveness and survival in Vietnamese adults with TBM. Whist in Indonesia, CSF tryptophan level was a predictor of survival, suggesting tryptophan metabolism may be important in TBM pathogenesis. These varying responses mean that we must consider whether a “one-size-fits-all” approach to anti-bacillary or immunomodulatory treatment in TBM is truly the best way forward. Of course, to allow for proper treatment, early and rapid diagnosis of TBM must occur. Diagnosis has always been a challenge but the field of TB diagnosis is evolving, with sensitivities of at least 70% now possible in less than two hours with GeneXpert MTB/Rif Ultra. In addition, advanced molecular techniques such as CRISPR-MTB and metagenomic next generation sequencing may hold promise for TBM diagnosis. Host-based biomarkers and signatures are being further evaluated in childhood and adult TBM as adjunctive biomarkers as even with improved molecular assays, cases are still missed. A better grasp of host and pathogen behaviour may lead to improved diagnostics, targeted immunotherapy, and possibly biomarker-based, patient-specific treatment regimens.
Metformin as adjunctive therapy for dengue in overweight and obese patients: a protocol for an open-label clinical trial (MeDO)
Authors: Nguyen Nguyet Minh , Chanh Ho Quang , Tam Dong Thi Hoai , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Chau Nguyen Thi Xuan , Chau Nguyen Van Vinh , Phong Nguyen Thanh , Trieu Huynh Trung , Luong Thi Hue Tai , Cao Thi Tam , Dinh The Trung , Duyen Huynh Thi Le , Van Ninh Thi Thanh , Nguyen Than Ha Quyen , Rivino Laura , Gallagher Peter , Jones Nick K. , Geskus Ronald B. , Kestelyn Evelyne , Yacoub Sophie 
Published: July 2020

Background: Dengue is a disease of major global importance. While most symptomatic infections are mild, a small proportion of patients progress to severe disease with risk of hypovolaemic shock, organ dysfunction and death. In the absence of effective antiviral or disease modifying drugs, clinical management is solely reliant on supportive measures. Obesity is a growing problem among young people in Vietnam and is increasingly recognised as an important risk factor for severe dengue, likely due to alterations in host immune and inflammatory pathways. Metformin, a widely used anti-hyperglycaemic agent with excellent safety profile, has demonstrated potential as a dengue therapeutic in vitro and in a retrospective observational study of adult dengue patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aims to assess the safety and tolerability of metformin treatment in overweight and obese dengue patients, and investigate its effects on several clinical, immunological and virological markers of disease severity. Methods: This open label trial of 120 obese/overweight dengue patients will be performed in two phases, with a metformin dose escalation if no safety concerns arise in phase one. The primary endpoint is identification of clinical and laboratory adverse events. Sixty overweight and obese dengue patients aged 10-30 years will be enrolled at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Participants will complete a 5-day course of metformin therapy and be compared to a non-treated group of 60 age-matched overweight and obese dengue patients. Discussion: Previously observed antiviral and immunomodulatory effects of metformin make it a promising dengue therapeutic candidate in appropriately selected patients. This study will assess the safety and tolerability of adjunctive metformin in the management of overweight and obese young dengue patients, as well as its effects on markers of viral replication, endothelial dysfunction and host immune responses. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04377451 (May 6th 2020).
Extent of infectious SARS-CoV-2 aerosolisation as a result of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy
Authors: Hussain Abdulzahra , Singhal Tarun , EL-Hasani Shamsi 
Published: July 2020

Background COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented pandemic and medical emergency that has changed routine care pathways. This article discusses the extent of aerosolisation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes COVID-19, as a result of oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant publications, using the terms COVID-19 aerosolisation, COVID-19 infection, COVID-19 transmission, COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 and endoscopy, Endoscopy for COVID-19 patients. Results A total of 3745 articles were identified, 26 of which were selected to answer the question of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 aerosolisation during upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. All studies suggested high infectivity from contact and droplet spread. No clinical study has yet reported the viral load in the aerosol and therefore the infective dose has not been accurately determined. However, aerosol-generating procedures are potentially risky and full personal protective equipment should be used. Conclusions As it is a highly infectious disease, clinicians treating patients with COVID-19 require effective personal protective equipment. The main routes of infection are direct contact and droplets in the air and on surfaces. Aerosolisation carries a substantial risk of infection, so any aerosol-producing procedure, such as endoscopy, should be performed wearing personal protective equipment and with extra caution to protect the endoscopist, staff and patients from cross-infection via the respiratory system.
Development of ultrastable fiber-optic time and frequency reference networks in Africa
Authors: Wassin Shukree , Leburu Kagiso , Isoe George , Gibbon Tim 
Published: July 2020

The unparalleled accuracy of modern-day atomic clocks has stimulated the development of time and frequency comparison techniques, with optical frequency transfer over fiber networks emerging as the preferred method. It has been demonstrated that frequency transfer over optical fibers has an order-of-magnitude better stability and accuracy than traditional satellite-based techniques. Precise time has become an essential service for most critical infrastructure and applications. New progress in LTE and 5G will demand more access to precise time with accuracies of under 10 ns. Although this technology exists in Africa, continuous improvements are required. With the arrival of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) in Africa, the National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA) upgraded its time and frequency infrastructure in order to support the stringent time accuracy requirements of the MeerKAT and SKA telescopes. Over the past five years, the Centre for Broadband Communication at the Nelson Mandela University has been conducting exciting and cutting-edge research looking at new and innovative ways for coherently disseminating high-speed data and clock over optical fiber networks. This paper reports on recent research progress made in developing synchronous optical networks in South Africa and across the African continent. This paper begins by presenting a pioneering all-optical approach for measuring the round-trip latency time along a spooled G.652 single-mode fiber. This has been realized by optically injecting a pulse-per-second (PPS) signal from a distributed feedback laser into the slave mode of a 1550 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) located at the receiver end. A round-trip fiber time delay of 113.2 µs was experimentally measured over 22 km. Furthermore, the jitter instability of an optically modulated PPS was measured as a function of temperature. A jitter of 434.82 ps was measured during the night-to-day temperature cycle (5°C–25°C). The impact of polarization fluctuations on jitter stability is presented. A maximum jitter of 417.88 ps was measured for the transmitted PPS along the aerial fiber. Lastly, a novel technique for distributing a stable microwave reference frequency, using an intensity modulated VCSEL, is presented. The novel frequency dissemination and synchronization system proposes the use of a VCSEL-based phase correction actuator together with the inherent chromatic dispersion properties of the fiber. Frequency instabilities of

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with active noise cancellation were successfully measured across the 26 km G.655 fiber link.
Theoretical and experimental study on the enhancement of seed injection in terahertz-wave generation
Authors: Kong Weipeng , Li Zeyu , Yan Qiang , Zou Mingrui , Zhou Xun , Qin Yu 
Published: July 2020

We have studied the seed enhancement of an injection-seeded terahertz (THz)-wave parametric generator (is-TPG) with the help of a theoretical model. During simulation, the power of the seed beam varied from 1 W to 1 MW as the initial condition, while the pump power is set to 18.5 MW. When the peak power of the seed beam reaches megawatt level, the output power of THz wave increases rapidly and the peak position for the THz output dramatically moves towards the front of the crystal. The calculated output power of the injection-pulse-seeded TPG (ips-TPG) with 0.3 MW pulsed seed is 3.4 kW in the case of a surface-emitting configuration and 14 kW in the case of a Si-prism coupled output configuration. The enhancement ratios are 3.5 and 1.4 times, respectively, compared with the watt level CW-seeded is-TPG. Guided by the simulation, we experimentally demonstrated an 11 kW peak power Si-prism output coupled ips-TPG. The enhancement ratio is 1.6 times. The energy of the pulsed seed is 30 µJ (0.3 MW). The pump energy is 7.2 mJ, which is about half that of the typical is-TPG with the same output power. Compared with a typical is-TPG, most of the THz power in ips-TPG accumulates in the front of the crystal and thus is easier to collect. One obvious advantage of ips-TPG is that the output THz energy can be increased while keeping the pump power at a safe level.
Polarization-based optical fiber acoustic sensor for geological applications
Authors: Jena J. , Wassin S. , Bezuidenhout L. , Doucouré M. , Gibbon T. 
Published: July 2020

An interferometric fiber sensor was developed and used to detect polarization changes resulting from varying the amplitude and frequency of an acoustic signal. The sensor was designed to be suited to geological activities such as seismic tomography, detection of sink holes, and early warning earthquake detection. The fiber sensor and a commercial geophone were subjected to the same tests to compare their characteristic response to different vibrations. The average signal sensitivities were 9.15 a.u./mJ and 8.37 a.u./mJ for the fiber sensor and geophone, respectively. The ability of each sensor to distinguish between short, successive events showed that the fiber sensor has superior sensitivity and resolution. This is attributed to the short recovery time of the optical fiber sensor. The geophone is limited in this regard by its inherent Faraday magnet and coil damping mechanism. The bandwidth of the optical fiber sensor is shown to be 3.349 kHz, more than 20 times that of the commercial geophone.
Cladless optical fiber sensor based on evanescent wave absorption for monitoring methylene blue induced water pollution
Authors: Azil Kenza , Ferria Kouider , Bouzid Said 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we present a fabricated cladless optical fiber sensor to analyze distilled water solution polluted with methylene blue (MB). The fabricated sensor is based on evanescent wave absorption by the surrounding medium at the core–liquid cladding interface. The response of the optical fiber sensor is mainly related to the MB concentration as well as its refractive index. A theoretical and experimental investigation is carried out to investigate the sensitivity of the proposed sensor. The results show that the designed sensor provides a significant response to the concentration range of 6–50 mg/L.
Supercontinuum generation and optical damage of sapphire and YAG at high repetition rates
Authors: Grigutis Robertas , Tamošauskas Gintaras , Jukna Vytautas , Risos Alex , Dubietis Audrius 
Published: July 2020

We have experimentally investigated supercontinuum (SC) generation and the evolution of optical damage in sapphire and YAG crystals with 180 fs, 1035 nm pulses from an amplified Yb:KGW laser with variable repetition rates, both in tight and loose focusing conditions. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the extinction of the SC spectrum always correlates with an occurrence of conical third harmonic generation, which readily serves as an indication of the onset of in-bulk optical damage. Damage-related structural changes of the nonlinear material are also justified by an increased intensity and large red shift of crystal luminescence spectrum corresponding to the F center emission. The SC spectrum in sapphire starts shrinking on the time scale between seconds and minutes by varying the focusing condition from tight to loose at the laser repetition rate of 200 kHz, whereas the YAG crystal produces stable performance for several hours at least.
Resonant dispersive wave emission in hollow capillary fibers filled with pressure gradients
Authors: Brahms Christian , Belli Federico , Travers John C. 
Published: July 2020

Resonant dispersive wave (RDW) emission in gas-filled hollow waveguides is a powerful technique for the generation of bright few-femtosecond laser pulses from the vacuum ultraviolet to the near infrared. Here, we investigate deep-ultraviolet RDW emission in a hollow capillary fiber filled with a longitudinal gas pressure gradient. We obtain broadly similar emission to the constant-pressure case by applying a surprisingly simple scaling rule for the gas pressure and study the energy-dependent dispersive wave spectrum in detail using simulations. We further find that in addition to enabling dispersion-free delivery to experimental targets, a decreasing gradient also reduces the pulse stretching within the waveguide itself, and that transform-limited pulses with 3 fs duration can be generated by using short waveguides. Our results illuminate the fundamental dynamics underlying this frequency conversion technique and will aid in fully exploiting it for applications in ultrafast science and beyond.
High fill factor microlens array fabrication using direct laser writing and its application in wavefront detection
Authors: Huang Yi , Qin Yanliang , Tu Pu , Zhang Qi , Zhao Ming , Yang ZhenYu 
Published: July 2020

We fabricate 100% fill factor microlens arrays (MLAs) using femtosecond laser direct writing. The array consists of periodical hexagonal plano-convex microlens units with a diameter of 9 µm. The focusing efficiency of each microlens is measured to be 92%. Combined with a CCD camera, the MLA works as a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. We use it to detect wavefronts of both oblique incident plane beams and vortex beams. The experimental results match well with theoretical ones.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Bersch Ângela Adriane Schmidt , Ribeiro Camila Borges 
Published: July 2020

Ser editora da Revista Didática Sistêmica é um compromisso desafiador, que foi aceito pela Professora Ângela Bersch com muito carinho e dedicação, na intenção de dar sequência ao competente trabalho das nossas colegas: Professoras Raquel da Silveira e Roseli Belmonte Machado, que trilharam uma linda caminhada profissional na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande e, hoje integram o corpo docente da Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ESEFID/UFRGS). Embora distantes geograficamente, mantemos parcerias em alguns projetos e a organização da revista é um deles.
O auxílio neste início das atividades enquanto editora foram fundamentais para manter a qualidade do processo e, tendo em vista a grande demanda de trabalho foi feito o convite à Professora Camila Borges Ribeiro para me acompanhar nessa nova empreitada considerando seus conhecimentos na área da Educação, Educação Física e Pedagogia e assim podermos juntas qualificar as edições desse periódico.
É com satisfação que apresentamos a edição 1/2019 que é constituída por sete artigos, destes três se referem a textos submetidos, apreciados e aprovados para o evento VII Extremos do Sul que foi organizado pelo corpo docente do curso de Educação Física, vinculado ao Instituto de Educação da FURG.
Os dois primeiros artigos abordaram as questões relativas à avaliação da aprendizagem de professores de uma instituição educacional do sul de Rondônia e, as reflexões de professores da educação básica e do ensino superior, vinculados às Ciências Exatas, acerca das metodologias ativas no Rio Grande do sul.
Na sequência, as temáticas se enveredam pelo campo da Educação Física, na qual abarcam a identificação dos motivos que levam professores que atuam em academias a optarem pela aquisição de franquias de programas de aulas pré-coreografadas e, a não inclusão da dança no planejamento das aulas de Educação Física escolar e a questão da formação inicial.
Dos três artigos oriundos do VII Extremos do Sul, dois contemplaram a questão de gênero, sendo um sobre as mulheres no esporte a partir do portal ESPNW no Brasil e, o outro sobre a reativação da equipe feminina do Sport Club Internacional, a partir do ano de 2018. Revista Didática Sistêmica, ISSN 1809-3108 v. 21, n.1, p.1-7, (2019) O último artigo investigou as práticas de avaliação utilizadas por professores de Educação Física, de uma escola da rede pública de ensino de Canguçu/RS.
Esperamos que as leituras que compõem esta edição contribuam com as reflexões, pesquisas e ações presentes nas práticas pedagógicas, tanto na formação inicial como continuada dos professores.