bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time of emergence of climate signals over Vietnam detected from the CORDEX‐SEA experiments
Authors: Nguyen‐Thuy Huong , Ngo‐Duc Thanh , Trinh‐Tuan Long , Tangang Fredolin , Cruz Faye , Phan‐Van Tan , Juneng Liew , Narisma Gemma , Santisirisomboon Jerasorn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study uses six regional climate model (RCM) experiments from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment—Southeast Asia (CORDEX‐SEA) and their driving global climate models (GCM) to investigate the model performance and the time of emergence (ToE) of temperature and precipitation over Vietnam and its seven sub‐climatic regions. A simple delta (multiplicative) bias correction (BC) method has been applied to the model temperature (precipitation). Results show clear added values of the BC downscaled products compared to their driving GCMs, particularly for temperature. The projected trends of RCM temperature during 2006–2100 under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios are similar to those of their driving GCMs. Consequently, the RCM‐based ToE and GCM‐based ToE are generally consistent for temperature, occurring in the beginning of the 21st century. The earliest and latest ToE occur in summer and winter, respectively. The seasonal differentiation for temperature‐ToEs is stronger in the northern areas compared to the southern areas of Vietnam. The ToE difference between two RCPs increases from the south to the north. As for precipitation, ToE occurs quite late, in the latter half of the 21st century at the earliest. Results from ToE estimations also indicate an opposite precipitation trend between the GCMs and RCMs. The largest difference is in summer over the southern region of Vietnam. The opposite trend between the GCM and RCM precipitation under a similar increasing temperature implies the uncertainty in assessing the impact of warming on hydrological cycles in Vietnam.
Polymers and protein‐associated vesicles for the microencapsulation of anthocyanins from grape skins used for food applications
Authors: Constantin Oana Emilia , Stănciuc Nicoleta , Yan Yinzhuo , Ghinea Ioana Otilia , Ungureanu Claudia , Cîrciumaru Adrian , Wang Deliang , Poklar Ulrih Natasa , Râpeanu Gabriela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanins were extracted from grape skins by a combination of ethanolic‐ultrasonic assisted methods and were then encapsulated by freeze‐drying in soy phosphatidylcholine vesicles with the addition of different polymers, such as pectin, acacia gum, and whey protein isolate. The goal of this research was to microencapsulate anthocyanin compounds extracted from grape skins, to characterize the stability and behavior of the vesicles and then to use them to obtain a new light formulated mayonnaise.RESULTSThe particle size ranged from 900 nm in the control condition to 250 nm in vesicles loaded with whey proteins. The powders showed higher encapsulation efficiency for all variants, ranging from 81 to 96%. Vibrational spectroscopy revealed better inclusion of anthocyanins in polysaccharide‐based coacervates, whereas in protein‐based coacervates a possible interaction of anthocyanins with amine groups was observed. The vesicles were tested for in vitro release, and the results confirmed the gradual release of the anthocyanins in both stages of digestion, with a residual content of about 50% in the vesicles. The powders displayed high stability during storage in the dark at 4 °C. The panelists appreciated the new light formulated mayonnaises enriched with 10% dried vesicles compared with the control sample, in particular samples with acacia gum.CONCLUSIONThe study revealed that polymer‐loaded vesicles presented stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and have proved successful in obtaining new light enriched mayonnaises. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Catastrophic Hemorrhage After Chemoradiation for Advanced Stage Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Series
Authors: Chou Courtney T. , Rath Tanya J. , Johnson Jonas T. , Goyal Lindsey K. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisWe have seen several incidences of catastrophic bleeding in patients with advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated nonoperatively. Aside from advanced disease, these patients have not had traditional risk factors for major hemorrhage.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsPatients treated nonoperatively for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were compared to determine characteristics that may predisposed to bleeding. Five patients with bleeding were identified and compared with a cohort of stage‐ and treatment‐matched patients without bleeding. Blinded imaging review was performed to characterize the tumor site and its relationship to vasculature using standardized systems.ResultsComparing the bleeder versus nonbleeder groups pre‐treatment, the bleeder group had larger tumors (15.4 vs. 8.3 cm2), greater rates of parapharyngeal fat effacement (80% vs. 20%), and always involved the facial artery. Post‐treatment, endophytic ulcerated tumor beds occurred in 100% of bleeders versus 0% of nonbleeders.ConclusionsCatastrophic oropharyngeal bleeding may be encountered after cytoreductive therapy. Large deeply invasive tumors seem to set the necessary circumstances. Rapid vascular control with interventional radiology has been largely effective therapy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1049–1052, 2021
A Meta‐Analysis of 67 Studies with Presenting Symptoms and Laboratory Tests of COVID‐19 Patients
Authors: Mair Manish , Singhavi Hitesh , Pai Ameya , Singhavi Jinesh , Gandhi Prachi , Conboy Peter , Baker Andrew , Das Sudip 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this meta‐analysis was to look at the pooled prevalence of symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging of all COVID‐19 infected patients. This will allow better identification of potential COVID‐19 patients and take appropriate precautions.Study designMeta analysis.MethodsWe searched three databases, PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid to identify studies published between Dec‐2019 and May‐2020. All studies reporting upper‐aerodigestive symptoms of COVID‐19 infection were included. The meta‐analysis was conducted following meta‐analyses of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines, which have evaluated the pooled prevalence of 14 symptoms and nine laboratory investigations.ResultsBased on inclusion criteria, 67 publications consisting of 8302 patients were included. Among adults, the pooled proportion of hypertensive and diabetic patients was 18% and 7%. Cough (53% [0.46–0.61]), anosmia (38% [0.19–0.58]), loss/distortion of taste (31% [0.17–0.45]), and nasal obstruction (26% [0.12–0.39]) were the most common ear, nose & throat (ENT) symptoms. Fever (69% [0.62–0.76]) and fatigue (31% [0.26–0.37]) were the commonest generalized symptoms. C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were raised in 56% (0.41–0.71) and 49% (0.21–0.77), respectively. Interestingly, lymphopenia (41% [0.30–0.53]) and leucopenia (22% [0.16–0.29]) were more common than lymphocytosis (33% [0.02–0.64]) and leucocytosis (12% [0.09–0.16]). Fever (69% vs. 44%), cough (53% vs. 33%), and dyspnea (20% vs. 4%) were more common in adults as compared to the pediatric population. Diarrhea was more common among the pediatric cases (12%) versus (9%). The pooled estimate of fatality was 4%.ConclusionsThe most commonly experienced ENT symptom was cough followed by anosmia and dysguesia. Raised ESR and CRP with leukopenia and lymphopenia are common laboratory findings. Majority of the infected patients had abnormal computed tomography findings. COVID infection is less severe in pediatric patients. Laryngoscope, 131:1254–1265, 2021
The triple helix of clinical, research, and education missions in academic health centers: A qualitative study of diverse stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Gonzalo Jed D. , Dekhtyar Michael , Caverzagie Kelly J. , Grant Barbara K. , Herrine Steven K. , Nussbaum Abraham M. , Tad‐y Darlene , White Earla , Wolpaw Daniel R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionAcademic health centers are poised to improve health through their clinical, education, and research missions. However, these missions often operate in silos. The authors explored stakeholder perspectives at diverse institutions to understand challenges and identify alignment strategies.MethodsAuthors used an exploratory qualitative design and thematic analysis approach with data obtained from electronic surveys sent to participants at five U.S. academic health centers (2017‐18), with four different types of medical school/health system partnerships. Participants included educators, researchers, system leaders, administrators, clinical providers, resident/fellow physicians, and students. Investigators coded data using constant comparative analysis, met regularly to reconcile uncertainties, and collapsed/combined categories.ResultsOf 175 participants invited, 113 completed the survey (65%). Three results categories were identified. First, five higher‐order themes emerged related to aligning missions, including (a) shared vision and strategies, (b) alignment of strategy with community needs, (c) tension of economic drivers, (d) coproduction of knowledge, and (e) unifying set of concepts spanning all missions. Second, strategies for each mission were identified, including education (new competencies, instructional methods, recruitment), research (shifting agenda, developing partnerships, operations), and clinical operations (delivery models, focus on patient factors/needs, value‐based care, well‐being). Lastly, strategies for integrating each dyadic mission pair, including research‐education, clinical operations education, and research‐clinical operations, were identified.ConclusionsAcademic health centers are at a crossroads in regard to identity and alignment across the tripartite missions. The study's results provide pragmatic strategies to advance the tripartite missions and lead necessary change for improved patient health.
Associations between phenotypic characteristics and clinical parameters of broilers and intestinal microbial development throughout a production cycle: A field study
Authors: Kers Jannigje G. , de Oliveira Jean E. , Fischer Egil A. J. , Tersteeg‐Zijderveld Monique H. G. , Konstanti Prokopis , Stegeman Jan Arend (Arjan) , Smidt Hauke , Velkers Francisca C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDisturbances in intestinal health are a common problem affecting commercial broiler chickens worldwide. Several studies have revealed associations between health, production performance, and intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to describe the development of the intestinal microbiota of broilers within a production cycle to evaluate to what extent clinical parameters and phenotypic characteristics can explain the intestinal microbiota variation. Of four well‐performing flocks within two farms, the cecal content was collected of nine broilers at 0, 2, 4, or 5, 7, 11, or 12, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 40 days of the production cycle. In total, 342 samples were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing. Variables as macroscopic gut abnormalities, gut lesions, age, individual body weight, sex, footpad integrity, the color of ceca, and foam in cecal content were determined. Ileum tissue was collected for histological quantification of villus length and crypt depth. Flock infection levels of the intestinal disease coccidiosis were measured in pooled feces from the poultry house. Increases in phylogenetic diversity were observed from hatch until day 21 of age. Constrained multivariate analysis indicated that age, farm, body weight, ileum crypt depth, cecal color, and the coccidiosis lesion score were important variables to describe the variation in cecal microbiota. These results contribute to determining relevant variables in flocks that may be indicative of the intestinal microbiota composition. Moreover, this knowledge increases the awareness of interactions between the intestinal microbiota and broiler health as well as their relative importance.
In Vitro Studies Toward the Use of Chitin as Nutraceutical: Impact on the Intestinal Epithelium, Macrophages, and Microbiota
Authors: Dong Liyou , Ariëns Renata M. C. , Tomassen Monic M. , Wichers Harry J. , Govers Coen 
Published: October 2020

ScopeChitin, the most abundant polysaccharide found in nature after cellulose, is known for its ability to support wound healing and to lower plasma‐oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Studies have also revealed immunomodulatory potential but contradicting results are often impossible to coalesce through usage of chitin of different or unknown physicochemical consistency. In addition, only a limited set of cellular models have been used to test the bioactivity of chitin.Methods and ResultsChitin is investigated with well‐defined physicochemical consistency for its immunomodulatory potency using THP‐1 macrophages, impact on intestinal epithelial barrier using Caco‐2 cells, and fermentation by fecal‐derived microbiota. Results show that chitin with a degree of acetylation (DA) of ≈83%, regardless of size, does not affect the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Large‐sized chitin significantly increases acetic acid production by gut microbiota without altering the composition. Exposure of small‐sized chitin to THP‐1 macrophages lead to significantly increased secretion of IL‐1β, IL‐8, IL‐10, and CXCL10 in a multi‐receptor and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis dependent manner.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that small‐sized chitin does not harm the intestinal barrier nor affects SCFA secretion and microbiota composition, but does impact immune activity which could be beneficial to subjects in need of immune support or activation.
Identifying jitter outliers in single fiber electromyography: Comparison of four methods
Authors: Anagnostou Evangelos , Dimopoulou Panagiota , Sklavos Sokratis , Zouvelou Vasiliki , Zambelis Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about how different outlier estimation methods affect cutoff limits for outliers in single fiber electromyography.MethodsWe compared in a prospective fashion the established 18th jitter value (18thjv) method to three, whole‐distribution based, outlier detection methods: the interquartile range (IQR), the log‐normal, and the Z‐score method. The reference limits were probed in a normal cohort and in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients.ResultsDifferences in outlier cutoff values between the different methods were in the range of 2 μs. The number of abnormal muscles according to the computed criteria was similar for all four methods in the control group. Classification metrics (sensitivity, specificity, Youden's statistic, and predictive values) were also similar among the different methods. In the MG group, however, the Z‐score method failed to identify the abnormal jitter values. Accordingly, Kappa agreement was substantial to perfect (0.658 to 1) between the three methods (18thjv, IQR, and log‐normal), but was equivalent to chance between the three methods and the Z‐score in the MG group.ConclusionsThe established 18thjv method proved largely robust when compared to whole‐distribution based methods, and its use in clinical practice is justified. Simple estimation of outlier limits by adding two SDs to the mean of the data, leads to unacceptable deviations from the true cutoff values. Moreover, in a clinical scenario in which the final electrodiagnosis depends only on the number of outliers, it is meaningful to accept a tolerance zone of about 2 μs, which is the approximate variation range among the different methods.
Reference jitter values for the sternocleidomastoid muscle with concentric needle electrodes
Authors: Kula Ezgi , Tanridag Tulin , Kahraman Koytak Pinar , Uluc Kayihan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to establish reference jitter values for the voluntary activated sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle using a concentric needle electrode (CNE).MethodsThe study included 39 healthy participants (20 female and 19 male) aged 18–77 y. Jitter was expressed as the mean consecutive difference (MCD) of 80–100 consecutive discharges. Filters were set at 1 and 10 kHz. The mean MCDs for all participants were pooled, and the mean value +2.5 SD was accepted as the upper limit for the mean MCD. The upper limit for individual MCD was calculated using +2.5 SD of the upper 10th percentile MCD for individual participants.ResultsMean age of the participants was 45 ± 14.5 y. Mean MCD was 16.20 ± 2.23 μs (range: 12–21 μs), and the upper limit of normal for mean MCD was 21.8 μs. The mean value for 823 individual jitters was 23.3 ± 4.61 μs (range: 6.6–36.9 μs), and the upper limit of normal for each individual jitter was 34.6 μs.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that upper normal limit for mean MCD is 22 μs and for individual data it is 35 μs.
Stranded Kokanee Salvaged from Turbine Intake Infrastructure Are at Low Risk for Reentrainment: A Telemetry Study in a Hydropower Facility Forebay
Authors: Algera Dirk A. , Ward Taylor , Zemlak Randy , Crossman James , Harrison Philip , Leake Alf , Power Michael , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Entrainment at hydropower facilities, where fish (volitionally and nonvolitionally) enter hydropower infrastructure such as intake towers, can lead to fish becoming stranded for considerable periods of time rather than being flushed to downstream areas. To reduce fish injury and/or mortality from entrainment stranding events, hydropower operators will salvage stranded fish and release them back into the upstream reservoir. We documented the postrelease movements of salvaged fish to determine their vulnerability to reentrainment at a large hydropower facility. Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka were collected from the turbine intake towers at the W. A. C. Bennett Dam in northeastern British Columbia, surgically implanted with small acoustic transmitters, and released in the forebay area of the hydropower facility. Fish movements were tracked using an array of hydrophones in the forebay area. While the depths and hydraulics of the forebay resulted in low detection efficiency of the receiver array, detection data for 25 fish revealed that 72% (n = 18) of fish were last detected at hydrophones located &gt;1,000 m from the turbine intakes (considered low risk to restranding or reentrainment), 24% (n = 6) of fish were last detected at hydrophones &lt;500 m to the turbine intakes (considered vulnerable to restranding), and one reentrainment event (n = 1; 4% maximal entrainment rate) was observed. Our results indicate there is a low risk associated with kokanee reentrainment events at this large hydropower facility and that manual salvage appears to be a reasonable approach to mitigate fish loss.
Magneto‐optical properties of monolayer MoS2‐SiO2/Si structure measured via terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy
Authors: Wen Hua , Xu Wen , Wang Chao , Song Dan , Mei Hongying , Zhang Jie , Ding Lan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn experimental study on terahertz (THz) magneto‐optical (MO) properties of monolayer (ML) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on SiO2/Si substrate is conducted by using THz time‐domain spectroscopy (TDS) in the presence of the magnetic field in the Faraday geometry at liquid nitrogen temperature of 80 K. The complex longitudinal MO conductivity, σxx(ω), is measured for ML MoS2 in different magnetic fields up to 8 T. The real and imaginary parts of σxx(ω) for ML MoS2 depend strongly on the magnetic field and fit well to the generalized MO Drude‐Smith formula. Through fitting the experimental results with the theoretical formula, the key sample and material parameters for ML MoS2 (e.g., the electron density, the electronic relaxation time, the electronic localization factor) are determined magneto‐optically and their dependence upon the magnetic field is examined. It is shown that the presence of the magnetic field can significantly weaken the effect of optically induced electronic backscattering or localization in ML MoS2. This work demonstrates that the MO measurement on the basis of the THz TDS is a powerful experimental technique for the investigation of atomically thin electronic materials and devices such as ML MoS2 on a substrate.
An International Continence Society (ICS) report on the terminology for female pelvic floor fistulas
Authors: Elneil Sohier , Romanzi Lauri , Goh Judith , Haylen Bernard , Grace Chen Chi Chiung , Ghoniem Gamal , Ijaiya Munir'deen , Kwon Soo , Lee Joseph , Mourad Sherif , Ramanah Rajeev , Regmi Mohan , Mohsin Rivzi Raheela , Rogers Rebecca , Shaw Jonothan , Sung Vivian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe terminology for female pelvic floor fistulas (PFF) needs to be defined and organized in a clinically based consensus Report.MethodsThis Report combines the input of members of the International Continence Society (ICS) assisted at intervals by external referees. Appropriate core clinical categories and a sub‐classification were developed to give a coding to definitions. An extensive process of 19 rounds of internal and external review was involved to examine each definition, with decision‐making by collective opinion (consensus).ResultsA terminology report for female PFF, encompassing 416 (188 NEW) separate definitions, has been developed. It is clinically based with the most common diagnoses defined. Clarity and user‐friendliness have been key aims to make it interpretable by practitioners and trainees in different specialty groups involved in female pelvic floor dysfunction and PFF. Female‐specific imaging (ultrasound, radiology, and magnetic resonance imaging) and conservative and surgical PFF managements as well as appropriate figures have been included to supplement and clarify the text. Interval (5–10 years) review is anticipated to keep the document updated and as widely acceptable as possible.ConclusionA consensus‐based terminology report for female PFF has been produced to aid clinical practice and research.
Spiritual coping strategies and quality of life in older adults who have sustained a hip fracture: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Sammut Roberta , Azzopardi Christian , Camilleri Liberato 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate the relationship between spiritual coping strategies and quality of life in persons with a hip fracture.DesignA correlational, cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsThe total population of Maltese‐speaking adults over 65 years (N = 299), with a hip fracture receiving treatment in a public hospital in Malta in 2015, were invited.The WHOQOL‐BREF questionnaire and the Spiritual Coping Strategies Scale were used.ResultsA response rate of 51% (n = 147) was achieved. The poorest quality of life was for the physical and psychological domains. Spiritual coping strategies were associated with better quality of life with the exception of physical quality of life. Non‐religious coping strategies were the stronger predictor of quality of life compared with religious coping strategies. The former predicted physical, psychological, environmental, social and overall quality of life.ConclusionHip fractures have serious implications on quality of life which could be improved by promoting non‐religious spiritual coping strategies.