bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to Optimize the Lithium Storage Capability of the Metal‐Organic Framework Copper‐1,3,5‐Trimesic Acid (Cu‐BTC)
Authors: Hu Pinfei , Yuan Aihua , Meng Chunfeng , Chen Hantao , Zhou Hu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been considered as potential electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries. However, there are only a few reports of pristine MOFs as high‐performance electrode materials; whereas, in other cases, their overall specific capacities and cycle stabilities are insufficient. In this work, Cu‐BTC (BTC=1,3,5‐trimesic acid) is taken as an example to systematically explore the effects of polymer binder, activation temperature, and synthesis method on the electrochemical properties of MOFs. Through the optimization of these conditions, the electrochemical properties of Cu‐BTC can be significantly improved. With carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the binder, the activated Cu‐BTC (synthesized with the pre‐cooling method) displays a stable specific capacity of 626.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles of charge and discharge at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Besides, the mechanism study shows that both the copper species and organic ligands of Cu‐BTC take part in the redox chemistry contributing to the lithium storage capability.
Statistical Analysis of Glycosylation Reactions
Authors: Chang Chun‐Wei , Lin Mei‐Huei , Wang Cheng‐Chung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemical synthesis is one of the practical approaches to access carbohydrate‐based natural products and their derivatives with high quality and in a large quantity. However, stereoselectivity during the glycosylation reaction is the main challenge because the reaction can generate both α‐ and β‐glycosides. The main focus of the present article is the concept of recent mechanistic studies that have applied statistical analysis and quantitation for defining stereoselective changes during the reaction process. Based on experimental evidence, a detailed discussion associated with the mechanism and degree of influence affecting the stereoselective outcome of glycosylation is included.
Herstellung von Nanokomposit‐Dünnschichten mit speziellen magnetischen Eigenschaften aus nanopartikulären Bausteinen
Authors: Preller Tobias , Menzel Dirk , Knickmeier Saskia , Temel Bilal , Garnweitner Georg 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDie Kombination von Materialien mit unterschiedlichen magnetischen Eigenschaften auf der Nanoskala führt durch Kopplungseffekte zu Phänomenen wie der sogenannten unidirektionalen Austauschanisotropie, die z. B. für Speichermedien oder magnetische Sensoren großes Potenzial besitzt. Während solche Strukturen bislang nur über komplexe Prozesse der alternierenden Abscheidung aus der Gasphase zugänglich sind und daher noch keine breite Anwendung gefunden haben, würde die Herstellung aus Dispersionen von Nanopartikeln nicht nur eine wesentliche Vereinfachung darstellen, sondern auch eine breite Vielfalt von Materialkombinationen und Strukturen ermöglichen. Hierbei stellt die Prozessierung hartmagnetischer Nanopartikel eine Herausforderung dar, die jedoch durch die Verwendung von Vorläufermaterialien mit anschließender Phasenumwandlung gelöst werden kann.
Mit Objekterkennung der Betreiberverantwortung gerecht werden
Authors: Schlüter Kai ,   H. Timm Elektronik GmbH, Reinbeck
Published: September 2020

AbstractEine Lösung fur die Probleme herkömmlicher Erdungssysteme bietet das TIMM Erdungstestgerät EKX‐FIBC. Es vereint die gesetzlichen Regularien und Best‐Practice‐Ansprüche der Betreiber in einem Produkt und kann in den explosionsgeschutzten Zonen 1/21 und 2/2 eingesetzt werden.
Risk and predictors of dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy in left bundle branch block with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Sharma Sunita , Barot Harsh V. , Schwartzman Andrew D. , Ganatra Sarju , Shah Sachin P. , Venesy David M. , Patten Richard D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch block (LBBB) and left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony likely contribute to progressive systolic dysfunction. The evaluation of newly recognized LBBB includes screening for structural heart abnormalities and coronary artery disease (CAD). In patients whose LV ejection fraction (EF) is preserved during initial testing, the incidence of subsequent cardiomyopathy is not firmly established.HypothesisThe risk of developing LV systolic dysfunction among LBBB patients with preserved LVEF is high enough to warrant serial imaging.MethodsWe screened records of 1000 consecutive patients with LBBB from our ECG database and identified subjects with an initially preserved LVEF (≥45%) without clinically relevant CAD or other cause for cardiomyopathy. Baseline imaging, clinical data, and follow‐up imaging were recorded to determine the risk of subsequent LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF ≤40%).Results(Data are mean + SD) 784 subjects were excluded, the majority for CAD or depressed LVEF upon initial imaging. Of the remaining 216, 37 (17%) developed a decline in LVEF(≤40%) over a mean follow‐up of 55 ± 31 months; 94% of these patients had a baseline LVEF≤60% and LV end systolic diameter (ESD) ≥ 2.9 cm indicating that these measures may be useful to define which patients warrant longitudinal follow‐up. The negative predictive value of a LVEF>60% and LVESD <2.9 cm was 98%.ConclusionsSeventeen percent of patients with LBBB and initial preserved LVEF develop dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy. We believe the risk of developing dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy is high enough to warrant serial assessment of LV systolic function in this high‐risk population.
Chemotion Repository, a Curated Repository for Reaction Information and Analytical Data
Authors: Tremouilhac Pierre , Huang Pei‐Chi , Lin Chia‐Lin , Huang Yu‐Chieh , Nguyen An , Jung Nicole , Bach Felix , Bräse Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor scientific progress, access to information and data is of highest importance. While in the past, scientific results in chemistry were published in most of the cases without original data records, a currently arising cultural change concerning the provision of research data offers new chances for the quality and speed of scientific progress. The repository Chemotion is an infrastructure that was established for chemistry and related disciplines to preserve molecular synthesis and characterization data. The focus of the repository is on data of chemical reactions and processes including the corresponding analytical data such as chromatography or spectroscopy data. The repository provides these data for other scientists to foster their re‐use and to allow a fast reproduction of published work. To achieve this goal, several automated but also peer‐review mechanisms in the repository support the providers with suitably preparing their data.
An efficient list scheduling algorithm with task duplication for scientific big data workflow in heterogeneous computing environments
Authors: Ahmad Wakar , Alam Bashir 
Published: September 2020

SummaryA high‐performance heterogeneous computing environment provides computing resources for efficient computation of scientific Big Data workflow applications. A Big Data workflow application comprises thousands of interdependent tasks with precedence constraints. Basically, the performance of heterogeneous computing systems mainly depends on the workflow scheduling algorithms. These workflow scheduling algorithms are considered an NP‐complete problem. In this article, a List Scheduling with Task Duplication (LSTD) algorithm is proposed that efficiently minimizes the makespan of workflow applications. The LSTD introduces task duplication strategy in the list scheduling algorithm without increasing the overall time complexity. The overall functionality of LSTD mainly consists of three phases. In the first phase, it calculates the rank of the tasks for deciding the scheduling order. The next step is responsible for duplicating the entry task on the processor only if it increases the overall efficiency and avoids processor overloading. Finally, in the last step, the processor is assigned to the tasks based on the popular insertion‐based policy that attempts to insert the task among two earlier assigned tasks on a given processor in earliest idle time. In order to verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, several existing well‐known algorithms, such as Heterogeneous Earliest Finish Time (HEFT), Critical Path on a Processor (CPOP), and Predict Earliest Finish Time (PEFT) are considered for comparison. A non‐duplication version of LSTD named List Scheduling without Task Duplication algorithm is also considered for performance evaluation. The experimental analysis based on scientific Big Data workflows (CyberShake, Montage, and LIGO) proves that LSTD significantly surpasses all considered scheduling heuristics concerning schedule length ratio, the percentage of best results, and average running time metrics.
Establishment and Culture of Human Intestinal Organoids Derived from Adult Stem Cells
Authors: Pleguezuelos‐Manzano Cayetano , Puschhof Jens , van den Brink Stieneke , Geurts Veerle , Beumer Joep , Clevers Hans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman intestinal organoids derived from adult stem cells are miniature ex vivo versions of the human intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids are useful tools for the study of intestinal physiology as well as many disease conditions. These organoids present numerous advantages compared to immortalized cell lines, but working with them requires dedicated techniques. The protocols described in this article provide a basic guide to establishment and maintenance of human intestinal organoids derived from small intestine and colon biopsies. Additionally, this article provides an overview of several downstream applications of human intestinal organoids. © 2020 The Authors.Basic Protocol 1: Establishment of human small intestine and colon organoid cultures from fresh biopsiesBasic Protocol 2: Mechanical splitting, passage, and expansion of human intestinal organoidsAlternate Protocol: Differentiation of human intestinal organoidsBasic Protocol 3: Cryopreservation and thawing of human intestinal organoidsBasic Protocol 4: Immunofluorescence staining of human intestinal organoidsBasic Protocol 5: Generation of single‐cell clonal intestinal organoid culturesSupport Protocol 1: Production of Wnt3A conditioned mediumSupport Protocol 2: Production of Rspo1 conditioned mediumSupport Protocol 3: Extraction of RNA from intestinal organoid cultures
Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐125 Derived Mg2+‐Doped Mesoporous TiO2 for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Feng Xuhui , Pan Fuping , Zhang Peng , Wang Xiao , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Huang Yongheng , Li Ying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, Mg2+‐doped mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts derived from Mg2+ adsorption (MA) process on MIL‐125, a metal‐organic framework material, were prepared and employed for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to produce CO. The Mg2+ doping concentration was controlled by varying the Mg2+ concentration in the Mg2+ adsorption process. It was demonstrated that the Mg2+ doping promoted the generation of surface Ti3+ and significantly increased transient photocurrent density. Over a 4 h UV/Vis irradiation period, the best performing photocatalyst, 1MA, delivered a CO production rate ∼20 times higher than that of P25, a commercially available TiO2 nanopowder. It is believed that the Mg2+ adsorption process introduced more favorable properties to the TiO2 photocatalysts, such as higher surface area and porosity for more reactive sites, and concentrated surface Ti3+ centers for improved charge transfer.
High‐sensitivity flow cytometric assays: Considerations for design control and analytical validation for identification of Rare events
Authors: Sommer Ulrike , Eck Steven , Marszalek Laura , Stewart Jennifer J. , Bradford Jolene , McCloskey Thomas W. , Green Cherie , Vitaliti Alessandra , Oldaker Teri , Litwin Virginia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe current consensus recommendation papers dealing with the unique requirements for the analytical validation of assays performed by flow cytometry address the validation of sensitivity (both analytical and functional) only in general terms. In this paper, a detailed approach for designing and validating the sensitivity of rare event methods is described. The impact of panel design and optimization on the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and suggestions for reporting data near, or below, the LLOQ are addressed. This paper serves to provide best practices for the development, optimization, and analytical validation of flow cytometric assays designed to assess rare events. Note that this paper does not discuss clinical sensitivity validation, which addresses the positive and negative predictive value of the test result.
Agriculture creates subtle genetic structure among migratory and nonmigratory populations of burrowing owls throughout North America
Authors: Macías‐Duarte Alberto , Conway Courtney J. , Culver Melanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPopulation structure across a species distribution primarily reflects historical, ecological, and evolutionary processes. However, large‐scale contemporaneous changes in land use have the potential to create changes in habitat quality and thereby cause changes in gene flow, population structure, and distributions. As such, land‐use changes in one portion of a species range may explain declines in other portions of their range. For example, many burrowing owl populations have declined or become extirpated near the northern edge of the species' breeding distribution during the second half of the 20th century. In the same period, large extensions of thornscrub were converted to irrigated agriculture in northwestern Mexico. These irrigated areas may now support the highest densities of burrowing owls in North America. We tested the hypothesis that burrowing owls that colonized this recently created owl habitat in northwestern Mexico originated from declining migratory populations from the northern portion of the species' range (migration‐driven breeding dispersal whereby long‐distance migrants from Canada and the United States became year‐round residents in the newly created irrigated agriculture areas in Mexico). We used 10 novel microsatellite markers to genotype 1,560 owls from 36 study locations in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. We found that burrowing owl populations are practically panmictic throughout the entire North American breeding range. However, an analysis of molecular variance provided some evidence that burrowing owl populations in northwestern Mexico and Canada together are more genetically differentiated from the rest of the populations in the breeding range, lending some support to our migration‐driven breeding dispersal hypothesis. We found evidence of subtle genetic differentiation associated with irrigated agricultural areas in southern Sonora and Sinaloa in northwestern Mexico. Our results suggest that land use can produce location‐specific population dynamics leading to subtle genetic structure even in the absence of dispersal barriers.
Ecomorphology of the pectoral girdle in anurans (Amphibia, Anura): Shape diversity and biomechanical considerations
Authors: Engelkes Karolin , Kath Lena , Kleinteich Thomas , Hammel Jörg U. , Beerlink André , Haas Alexander 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFrogs and toads (Lissamphibia: Anura) show a diversity of locomotor modes that allow them to inhabit a wide range of habitats. The different locomotor modes are likely to be linked to anatomical specializations of the skeleton within the typical frog Bauplan. While such anatomical adaptations of the hind limbs and the pelvic girdle are comparably well understood, the pectoral girdle received much less attention in the past. We tested for locomotor‐mode‐related shape differences in the pectoral girdle bones of 64 anuran species by means of micro‐computed‐tomography‐based geometric morphometrics. The pectoral girdles of selected species were analyzed with regard to the effects of shape differences on muscle moment arms across the shoulder joint and stress dissipation within the coracoid. Phylogenetic relationships, size, and locomotor behavior have an effect on the shape of the pectoral girdle in anurans, but there are differences in the relative impact of these factors between the bones of this skeletal unit. Remarkable shape diversity has been observed within locomotor groups indicating many‐to‐one mapping of form onto function. Significant shape differences have mainly been related to the overall pectoral girdle geometry and the shape of the coracoid. Most prominent shape differences have been found between burrowing and nonburrowing species with headfirst and backward burrowing species significantly differing from one another and from the other locomotor groups. The pectoral girdle shapes of burrowing species have generally larger moment arms for (simulated) humerus retractor muscles across the shoulder joint, which might be an adaptation to the burrowing behavior. The mechanisms of how the moment arms were enlarged differed between species and were associated with differences in the reaction of the coracoid to simulated loading by physiologically relevant forces.
Early benefits of empagliflozin in patients with or without heart failure: findings from EMPA‐REG OUTCOME
Authors: Pellicori Pierpaolo , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Fitchett David , Zeller Cordula , Wanner Christoph , George Jyothis , Zinman Bernard , Brueckmann Martina , Lindenfeld JoAnn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial demonstrated reductions in cardiovascular (CV) death and heart failure (HF) outcomes with empagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes and established CV disease over a study period of 3 years. We aimed to investigate the early benefit–risk profile of empagliflozin in patients enrolled in the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial according to HF status at baseline.Methods and resultsThe effects of treatments on glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure and body weight, and on the HF endpoints of hospitalization for HF (HHF), HHF or CV death, and HHF or all‐cause mortality were evaluated at 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after randomization. Occurrence of adverse events (AEs) during these time points was also evaluated. Compared with placebo, empagliflozin lowered glycated haemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and body weight and rates of all the HF endpoints, as early as at 12 weeks, regardless of HF status at baseline. Favourable clinical and metabolic effects were maintained over time. AEs were generally higher in those with HF than without HF; however, compared with placebo, empagliflozin did not increase risk of developing AEs over the first year of treatment.ConclusionsIn the EMPA‐REG OUTCOME trial, the use of empagliflozin led to early and beneficial effects on clinical, metabolic, and HF outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without HF at baseline, which were already apparent within 12 weeks from initiation of treatment. Over the first year of treatment, no safety concern was detected with the use of empagliflozin.
Non‐insulin antihyperglycaemic drugs and heart failure: an overview of current evidence from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Schrage Benedikt , Cosentino Francesco , Lund Lars H. , Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Seferovic Petar , Butler Javed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent in the general population and especially in patients with heart failure (HF). It is not only a risk factor for incident HF, but is also associated with worse outcomes in prevalent HF. Therefore, antihyperglycaemic management in patients at risk of or with established HF is of importance to reduce morbidity/mortality. Following revision of the drug approval process in 2008 by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency, several cardiovascular outcome trials on antihyperglycaemic drugs have recently investigated HF endpoints. Signals of harm in terms of increased risk of HF have been identified for thiazolidinediones and the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor saxagliptin, and therefore, these drugs are not currently recommended in HF. Sulfonylureas also have an unfavourable safety profile and should be avoided in patients at increased risk of/with HF. Observational studies have assessed the use of metformin in patients with HF, showing potential safety and potential survival/morbidity benefits. Overall use of glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists has not been linked with any clear benefit in terms of HF outcomes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter protein 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have consistently shown to reduce risk of HF‐related outcomes in T2DM with and without HF and are thus currently recommended to lower risk of HF hospitalization in T2DM. Recent findings from the DAPA‐HF trial support the use of dapagliflozin in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and, should ongoing trials with empagliflozin, sotagliflozin, and canagliflozin prove efficacy, will pave the way for SGLT2i as HF treatment regardless of T2DM.
Quantification of cancer driver mutations in human breast and lung DNA using targeted, error‐corrected CarcSeq
Authors: Harris Kelly L. , Walia Vijay , Gong Binsheng , McKim Karen L. , Myers Meagan B. , Xu Joshua , Parsons Barbara L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a need for scientifically‐sound, practical approaches to improve carcinogenicity testing. Advances in DNA sequencing technology and knowledge of events underlying cancer development have created an opportunity for progress in this area. The long‐term goal of this work is to develop variation in cancer driver mutation (CDM) levels as a metric of clonal expansion of cells carrying CDMs because these important early events could inform carcinogenicity testing. The first step toward this goal was to develop and validate an error‐corrected next‐generation sequencing method to analyze panels of hotspot cancer driver mutations (hCDMs). The “CarcSeq” method that was developed uses unique molecular identifier sequences to construct single‐strand consensus sequences for error correction. CarcSeq was used for mutational analysis of 13 amplicons encompassing >20 hotspot CDMs in normal breast, normal lung, ductal carcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas. The approach was validated by detecting expected differences related to tissue type (normal vs. tumor and breast vs. lung) and mutation spectra. CarcSeq mutant fractions (MFs) correlated strongly with previously obtained ACB‐PCR mutant fraction (MF) measurements from the same samples. A reconstruction experiment, in conjunction with other analyses, showed CarcSeq accurately quantifies MFs ≥10−4. CarcSeq MF measurements were correlated with tissue donor age and breast cancer risk. CarcSeq MF measurements were correlated with deviation from median MFs analyzed to assess clonal expansion. Thus, CarcSeq is a promising approach to advance cancer risk assessment and carcinogenicity testing practices. Paradigms that should be investigated to advance this strategy for carcinogenicity testing are proposed.