bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Clinical Course of Migraine
Authors: Gonzalez-Martinez Alicia , Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , Guerrero Ángel L , García-Azorín David , Santos-Lasaosa Sonia , Navarro-Pérez María Pilar , Odriozola-González Paula , Irurtia María Jesús , Quintas Sonia , de Luis-García Rodrigo , Gago-Veiga Ana Beatriz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have demonstrated that emotional stress, changes in lifestyle habits and infections can worsen the clinical course of migraine. We hypothesize that changes in habits and medical care during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown might have worsened the clinical course of migraine.DesignRetrospective survey study collecting online responses from migraine patients followed-up by neurologists at three tertiary hospitals between June and July 2020.MethodsWe used a web-based survey that included demographic data, clinical variables related with any headache (frequency) and migraine (subjective worsening, frequency, and intensity), lockdown, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress.ResultsThe response rate of the survey was 239/324 (73.8%). The final analysis included 222 subjects. Among them, 201/222 (90.5%) were women, aged 42.5 ± 12.0 (mean±SD). Subjective improvement of migraine during lockdown was reported in 31/222 participants (14.0%), while worsening in 105/222 (47.3%) and was associated with changes in migraine triggers such as stress related to going outdoors and intake of specific foods or drinks. Intensity of attacks increased in 67/222 patients (30.2%), and it was associated with the subjective worsening, female sex, recent insomnia, and use of acute medication during a headache. An increase in monthly days with any headache was observed in 105/222 patients (47.3%) and was related to symptoms of post-traumatic stress, older age and living with five or more people.ConclusionsApproximately half the migraine patients reported worsening of their usual pain during the lockdown. Worse clinical course in migraine patients was related to changes in triggers and the emotional impact of the lockdown.
Microscopic derivation of density functional theory for superfluid systems based on effective action formalism
Authors: Yokota Takeru , Kasuya Haruki , Yoshida Kenichi , Kunihiro Teiji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A density-functional theory for superfluid systems is developed in the framework of the functional renormalization group based on the effective action formalism. We introduce the effective action for the particle-number and non-local pairing densities and demonstrate that the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem for superfluid systems is established in terms of the effective action. The flow equation for the effective action is then derived, where the flow parameter runs from $0$ to $1$, corresponding to the non-interacting and interacting systems. From the flow equation and the variational equation that the equilibrium density satisfies, we obtain the exact expression for the Kohn–Sham potential generalized to include the pairing potentials. The resultant Kohn–Sham potential has a nice feature in that it expresses the microscopic formulae of the external, Hartree, pairing and exchange–correlation terms separately. It is shown that our Kohn–Sham potential gives the ground-state energy of the Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov theory by neglecting the correlations. An advantage of our exact formalism lies in the fact that it provides ways to improve the correlation part systematically.
The renormalization group and the diffusion equation
Authors: Matsumoto Masami , Tanaka Gota , Tsuchiya Asato 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We study the relationship between the renormalization group and the diffusion equation. We consider the exact renormalization group equation for a scalar field that includes an arbitrary cutoff function and an arbitrary quadratic seed action. As a generalization of the result obtained by Sonoda and Suzuki, we find that the correlation functions of diffused fields with respect to the bare action agree with those of bare fields with respect to the effective action, where the diffused field obeys a generalized diffusion equation determined by the cutoff function and the seed action and agrees with the bare field at the initial time.
Ontogeny and variation of the pachycephalosaurine dinosaurSphaerotholus buchholtzae, and its systematics within the genus
Authors: Woodruff D Cary , Goodwin Mark B , Lyson Tyler R , Evans David C 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ontogeny and taxonomy of the dome-headed pachycephalosaurs are topics of continued debate. Pachycephalosaurid diversity in the Maastrichtian of North America is particularly controversial, and the validity and composition within the genus Sphaerotholus remains unresolved. While the type species, S. goodwini, is generally considered valid, debate has centred around the validity and taxonomy of S. buchholtzae and S. edmontonensis. Here we employ morphometrics, histology and phylogenetic analysis to resolve these issues.An ontogenetic assessment of S. buchholtzae (N &gt; 20) confirms previously observed ontogenetic morphologies: inflation of the frontoparietal dome, obliteration of tesserate surface texture, blunting of the peripheral nodes and decreasing void space within the dome. While linear bivariate analysis finds S. edmontonensis nested within S. buchholtzae, three-dimensional geometric morphometrics supports S. edmontonensis and S. buchholtzae as distinct species. Phylogenetic analysis recovers a Sphaerotholus lineage with S. goodwini as sister-taxon to a clade formed by S. edmontonensis and S. buchholtzae.The stratigraphic, phylogenetic, morphometric and ontogenetic data support the validity of both S. edmontonensis and S. buchholtzae, and their placement within the genus Sphaerotholus. The morphological similarities of S. edmontonensis to immature S. buchholtzae, and the slightly older geological age of S. edmontonensis, suggest that S. edmontonensis and S. buchholtzae may be part of an anagenetic lineage.
Comparative Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Mechanism of Pinus contorta Response to the Fungal Pathogen Dothistroma septosporum
Authors: Lu Mengmeng , Feau Nicolas , Vidakovic Dragana Obreht , Ukrainetz Nicholas , Wong Barbara , Aitken Sally N. , Hamelin Richard C. , Yeaman Sam 
Published: December 2020

Many conifers have distributions that span wide ranges in both biotic and abiotic conditions, but the basis of response to biotic stress has received much less attention than response to abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the gene expression response of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) to attack by the fungal pathogen Dothistroma septosporum, which causes Dothistroma needle blight, a disease that has caused severe climate-related outbreaks in northwestern British Columbia. We inoculated tolerant and susceptible pines with two D. septosporum isolates and analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differential exon usage, and coexpressed gene modules using RNA-sequencing data. We found a rapid and strong transcriptomic response in tolerant lodgepole pine samples inoculated with one D. septosporum isolate, and a late and weak response in susceptible samples inoculated with another isolate. We mapped 43 of the DEG- or gene module–identified genes to the reference plant-pathogen interaction pathway deposited in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. These genes are present in PAMP-triggered and effector-triggered immunity pathways. Genes comprising pathways and gene modules had signatures of strong selective constraint, while the highly expressed genes in tolerant samples appear to have been favored by selection to counterattack the pathogen. We identified candidate resistance genes that may respond to D. septosporum effectors. Taken together, our results show that gene expression response to D. septosporum infection in lodgepole pine varies both among tree genotypes and pathogen strains and involves both known candidate genes and a number of genes with previously unknown functions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Mohammed Moghniuddin , Ranka Sagar , Reddy Madhu 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
To review recent evidence evaluating the long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO), current guideline recommendations for LAAO use, performance of LAAO in comparison with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and recently approved LAAO device.

Recent findings
The last 18 months have been marked with increasing evidence of the utility of LAAO in patients who are not candidates for long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC). Long-term data from two continued access registries to PROTECT-AF and PREVAIL support LAAO as a safe and effective long-term anticoagulation therapy. This new evidence led to class IIb recommendation for LAAO in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients not eligible for long-term OAC. PRAGUE-17 randomized controlled trial showed LAAO is noninferior to DOAC lending support to use of this modality in current era. PINNACLE FLX trial showed improved implant success and adequate closure rate which led to the device's Food and Drug Administration approval.

Summary
In conclusion, percutaneous LAAO appears to be a promising option for NVAF patients who are not candidates for long-term OAC in the current era. Further evidence guiding optimal patient selection and periprocedural antithrombotic regimen will help identify the patients who would benefit the most from this procedure.
MRI of Emergent Intracranial Infections and Their Complications
Authors: Martin Adam , Winn Aaron , Sanchez Allen , Castellon Ivan , Munera Felipe , Nunez Diego 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Acute intracranial infections of the central nervous system and skull base are uncommon but time sensitive diagnoses that may present to the emergency department. As symptoms are frequently nonspecific or lack typical features of an infectious process, a high index of suspicion is required to confidently make the diagnosis, and imaging may not only serve as the first clue to an intracranial infection, but is often necessary to completely characterize the disease process and exclude any confounding conditions. Although computed tomography is typically the initial imaging modality for many of these patients, magnetic resonance imaging offers greater sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing intracranial infections, characterizing the full extent of infection, and identifying potential complications. The aim of this article is to serve as a review of the typical and most important imaging manifestations of these infections that can be encountered in the emergent setting.
A Case-based Review of Abdominal (and a Few Thoracic) Emergencies and Urgencies Using Single-shot MR
Authors: Infante Juan C. , Freedman Nicole L. , McClintock Ryan R. , Balcacer de la Cruz Patricia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The rapid evolution of MR scanners and pulse sequence design brings an ever-expanding arsenal of diagnostic tools to radiology departments. However, this increasing abundance of diagnostic tools accentuates the challenge of using new technology efficiently and wisely—that is, to employ what may help diagnosis and/or management, but discards what has a poor likelihood of aiding patient care. This article aims to highlight practical points regarding MR pulse sequences for the evaluation of common emergencies in body imaging through case examples.
Cell Cycle Delay, Pro-metaphase Arrest and C-metaphase Inducing Effects of Petroleum Ether Fraction of Leaf Aqueous Extract ofClerodendrum viscosumVent
Authors: Roy Sujit , Kundu Lalit Mohan , Roy Gobinda Chandra , Barman Manabendu , Ray Sanjib 
Published: December 2020

SummaryClerodendrum viscosumis a traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study aimed to analyze cell cycle delay, pro-metaphase arrest, and c-metaphase inducing effects of the petroleum ether fraction (AQPEF) of leaf aqueous extract ofC. Viscosum(LAECV). The LAECV was fractionated with petroleum ether and its metaphase arrest, cell cycle delay, and c-metaphase inducing activities were tested onA. ceparoot tip cells. The AQPEF induced cell cycle delay, and colchicine like metaphase, c-metaphase, inA. ceparoot tip cells. Thus, the present study explores AQPEF as an active fraction of LAECV having metaphase arresting, cell cycle delay, and c-metaphase inducing potentials.
Neural Flip-Flops III: Stomatogastric Ganglion
Authors: Yoder Lane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe stomatogastric ganglion (STG) is a group of about 30 neurons that resides on the stomach in decapod crustaceans. Its two central pattern generators (CPGs) control the chewing action of the gastric mill and the peristaltic movement of food through the pylorus to the gut. The STG has been studied extensively because it has properties that are common to all nervous systems and because of the small number of neurons and other features that make it convenient to study. So many details are known that the STG is considered a classic test case in neuroscience for the reductionist strategy of explaining the emergence of macro-level phenomena from micro-level data. In spite of the intense scrutiny the STG has received, how it generates its rhythmic patterns of bursts remains unknown.The explicit neural networks proposed here model the pyloric CPG of the American lobster (Homarus americanus). The models share enough significant features with the lobster’s CPG that they may be considered first approximations, or perhaps simplified versions, of STG architecture. The similarities include 1) mostly inhibitory synapses; 2) pairs of cells with reciprocal inhibitory inputs, complementary outputs that are approximately 180 degrees out of phase, and state changes occurring with the high output changing first; 3) cells that have reciprocal, inhibitory inputs with more than one other cell; and 4) six cells that produce coordinated oscillations with the same period, four phases distributed approximately uniformly over the period, and half of the burst durations approximately 1/4 of the period and the other half 3/8.Each model’s connectivity is explicit, and its operation depends only on minimal neuron capabilities of excitation and inhibition. One model performs a function that fills a gap in standard ring oscillators. It is apparently new to engineering, making it an example of neuroscience and logic circuit design informing each other.Some models are derived from standard circuit designs by moving each negation symbol from one end of a connection to the other. This does not change the logic of the network, but it changes each logic gate to one that can be implemented with a single neuron.
Membrane Env liposomes for immunization with HIV spikes
Authors: Leaman Daniel P. , Stano Armando , Chen Yajing , Zhang Lei , Zwick Michael B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA key goal in HIV vaccine design remains to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the membrane-embedded envelope glycoprotein spike (mEnv). However, mEnv has lagged behind engineered soluble Envs in vaccine development due to low expression yields and the presence of extraneous proteins on particles. Here, we describe a mEnv vaccine platform that requires no extra proteins or protein engineering. MEnv trimers were fixed, purified and combined with liposomes in mild detergent. On removal of detergent, mEnvs were observed embedded in particles, designatedmEnvliposomes (MELs), which were recognized by HIV bnAbs but not non-nAbs. Following sequential immunization in rabbits, MEL antisera neutralized select tier 2 HIV isolates. Variations between the Env immunogens, including a missing N-glycosylation site at position 197 near the CD4 binding site, provide insights into the specificities elicited and possible ways to improve immunogens. MELs can facilitate vaccine design to elicit HIV bnAbs using biochemically defined and multimerized mEnv.
The tumor suppressor protein PTEN undergoes amyloid-like aggregation in tumor cells
Authors: Claes Filip , Maritschnegg Elisabeth , De Baets Greet , Siekierska Aleksandra , Rubio Mirian Saiz , Ramakers Meine , Michiels Emiel , De Smet Frederik , Depreeuw Jeroen , Vergote Ignace , Vanderstichele Adriaan , Van den Broeck Annick , Olbrecht Siel , Hermans Els , Amant Frédéric , Lambrechts Diether , Nilsson K. Peter R. , Rousseau Frederic , Schymkowitz Joost 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtein aggregation is an underappreciated mechanism that may contribute to the loss- and oncogenic-gain-of-function of mutant tumor suppressors such as p53 and axin. In the present study, we describe amyloid-like aggregation behaviour of the second most frequently mutated tumor suppressor in human cancer, PTEN.In silicoanalysis revealed a particularly high aggregation vulnerability for this protein, which was corroborated byin vitroaggregation assays. In cultured tumor cells, we found that under stress conditions, PTEN readily undergoes amyloid-like aggregation as a result of mutation. However, we also show that severe dysregulation of protein homeostasis may lead to aggregation of wild-type PTEN. These observations were supported by a small survey of patient-derived uterine tumor tissues, which found that more than 25% of tumors analyzed displayed wild-type PTEN aggregation. Finally, in an exploratory clinical study we found that PTEN aggregation status was correlated with a decline in clinical outcome. Our findings establish that the tumor suppressor PTEN is highly aggregation-prone and our work suggests that protein aggregation might be an underestimated but prevalent component of cancer cell biology.
Uncovering an allosteric mode of action for a selective inhibitor of human Bloom syndrome protein
Authors: Chen X. , Ali Y. , Fisher C.E.L. , Arribas-Bosacoma R. , Rajasekaran M.B. , Williams G. , Walker S. , Booth J.R. , Hudson J.J.R. , Roe S.M. , Pearl L. H. , Ward S. E. , Pearl F. M. G. , Oliver A.W. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBLM (Bloom syndrome protein) is a RECQ-family helicase involved in the dissolution of complex DNA structures and repair intermediates. Synthetic lethality analysis implicates BLM as a promising target in a range of cancers with defects in the DNA damage response, however selective small molecule inhibitors of defined mechanism are currently lacking. Here we identify and characterise a specific inhibitor of BLM’s ATPase-coupled DNA helicase activity, by allosteric trapping of a DNA-bound translocation intermediate. Crystallographic structures of BLM-DNA-ADP-inhibitor complexes identify a hitherto unknown interdomain interface, whose opening and closing are integral to translocation of ssDNA, and which provides a highly selective pocket for drug discovery. Comparison with structures of other RECQ helicases provides a model for branch migration of Holliday junctions by BLM.
Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018
Authors: Obusan Marie Christine M. , Caras Jamaica Ann A. , Lumang Lara Sabrina L. , Calderon Erika Joyce S. , Villanueva Ren Mark D. , Salibay Cristina C. , Siringan Maria Auxilia T. , Rivera Windell L. , Masangkay Joseph S. , Aragones Lemnuel V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe relatively high frequency of marine mammal stranding events in the Philippines provide many research opportunities. A select set of stranders (n=21) from 2017 to 2018 were sampled for bacteriology and histopathology. Pertinent tissues and bacteria were collected from eight species (i.e.Feresa attenuata, Kogia breviceps, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Grampus griseus, Lagenodelphis hosei, Peponocephala electra, Stenella attenuataandStenella longirostris)and were subjected to histopathological examination and antibiotic resistance screening, respectively. Lesions that were observed in tissues of 19 cetaceans include congestion, hemorrhage, edema, hemosiderosis, glomerulopathy, Zenker’s necrosis, atrophy, atelectasis, and parasitic cysts. These lesions may be associated with factors possibly contributing to the death, debility, and stress of the animals during their strandings. On the other hand, the resistance profiles of 24 bacteria (belonging to generaEscherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus,andShigella)that were isolated from four cetaceans were determined using 18 antibiotics. All 24 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic class, and 79.17% were classified as multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). The MAR index values of isolates ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 with all the isolates resistant to erythromycin (100%; n=24) and susceptible to imipenem, doripenem, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin (100%; n=24). The resistance profiles of these bacteria can be used as basis for selecting antibiotics needed in the medical management of stranded cetaceans that need to be rehabilitated. Overall, the histopathological and bacteriological findings of the study demonstrate the challenges faced by cetacean species in the wild, such as but not limited to, biological pollution through land-sea movement of effluents, fisheries interactions, and anthropogenic activities.
The association of child maltreatment and systemic inflammation in adulthood: A systematic review
Authors: Kerr Daniel M , McDonald James , Minnis Helen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionChild maltreatment (CM) is associated with mental and physical health disorders in adulthood. Some studies have identified elevated markers of systemic inflammation in adult survivors of CM, and inflammation may mediate the association between CM with later health problems. However, there are methodological inconsistencies in studies of the association between CM and systemic inflammation and findings are conflicting. We performed a systemic review to examine the association of CM with systemic inflammation in adults.MethodsA systematic review was performed following PRISMA . Medline, Embase, Scopus and PsychInfo were searched for studies of the association of CM with blood markers of inflammation in adults. Quality was assessed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. We had intended to perform a meta-analysis but this was not possible due to variation in study design and reporting.ResultsForty-six articles met criteria for inclusion in the review. The most widely reported biomarkers were C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (n=29), interleukin-6 (n=25) and Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a). Four studies were prospective (all relating to CRP) and the remainder were retrospective. 85% of studies were based in Western settings. In the prospective studies, CM was associated with elevated CRP in adulthood. Results of retrospective studies were conflicting. Methodological issues relating to the construct of CM, methods of analysis, and accounting for confounding or mediating variables (particularly Body Mass Index) may contribute to the uncertainty in the field.ConclusionsThere is some robust evidence from prospective studies that CM is associated with elevated CRP in adulthood. We have identified significant methodological issues in the literature and have proposed measures that future researchers could employ to improve consistency across studies. Further prospective, longitudinal, research using robust and comparable measures of CM with careful consideration of confounding and mediating variables are required to bring clarity to this field.