bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Natural Language Samples Collected From Minimally and Low-Verbal Children and Adolescents With Autism by Parents and Examiners
Authors: Barokova Mihaela D. , Hassan Sommer , Lee Collin , Xu Mengyuan , Tager-Flusberg Helen 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
We aimed to compare the speech of parents and examiners as they elicited language samples from minimally and low-verbal (MLV) children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while following the same semi-structured elicitation protocol, Eliciting Language Samples for Analysis–Adolescents (ELSA-A). We also compared the speech elicited from the MLV children/adolescents by their parents at home and by trained examiners in the lab and assessed the feasibility of parents collecting language samples at home.

Method
Thirty-three (five female, 28 male) MLV children and adolescents with ASD between the ages of 6;6 and 19;7 (years;months) participated. All participants were administered standardized assessments, and a trained examiner collected an ELSA-A language sample from them in the lab. The parents of 22 of the children/adolescents collected an ELSA-A sample at home. All language samples were transcribed following standard procedures, and measures of expressive language were extracted to assess the quantity of speech, its syntactic complexity, and lexical diversity. At the end of the study, parents filled out a feedback survey about their experiences collecting ELSA-A.

Results
On average, parents produced twice as much speech as trained examiners during ELSA-A. However, their speech did not differ in syntactic complexity or lexical diversity. When with their parents, the MLV children/adolescents also produced twice as much speech than with trained examiners. In addition, their samples were more lexically diverse. Overall, parents elicited longer language samples but administered fewer of the ELSA-A activities. Nevertheless, the majority of parents rated the experience of collecting language samples at home favorably.

Conclusions
When parents collect language samples at home, their older MLV children/adolescents with ASD produce more speech and engage in more back-and-forth verbal interactions than when with trained examiners. Because parent-elicited language samples allow for a richer assessment of children's expressive language abilities, future studies should focus on identifying ways to encourage parents to collect data at home.
Improving Conceptual Print Knowledge: A Description of Intervention Considerations for Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Werfel Krystal L. , Lawrence Sara 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this clinical focus article was to describe specific considerations for print-referencing interventions for children with hearing loss and present a case study.MethodOne preschool child with hearing loss who used amplification participated in this case study. The child participated individually in print-referencing book-reading intervention (10-min session once a week for 7 weeks), supplemented by parent carryover at home. Each session involved a dose of 20 print-referencing behaviors across two children's books, for a cumulative intervention intensity of 140 print references. Assessment of the child's print knowledge skills occurred at the beginning of each session.ResultsPrint-referencing book-reading intervention was associated with gains in conceptual print knowledge.ConclusionsPrint referencing, when implemented with specific considerations for children with hearing loss in mind, may be an effective emergent literacy intervention for increasing conceptual print knowledge in preschool children with hearing loss. More research is needed in this area to determine appropriate dose and dose frequency, as well as effect of interventionist on gains.Supplemental Materialshttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13093025
ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in Taurus (ALMA-DOT)
Authors: Codella C. , Podio L. , Garufi A. , Perrero J. , Ugliengo P. , Fedele D. , Favre C. , Bianchi E. , Ceccarelli C. , Mercimek S. , Bacciotti F. , Rygl K. L. J. , Testi L. 
Published: November 2020

Context. Planet formation starts around Sun-like protostars with ages ≤1 Myr, but the chemical compositions of the surrounding discs remains unknown.
Aims. We aim to trace the radial and vertical spatial distribution of a key species of S-bearing chemistry, namely H2CS, in protoplanetary discs. We also aim to analyse the observed distributions in light of the H2CS binding energy in order to discuss the role of thermal desorption in enriching the gas disc component.
Methods. In the context of the ALMA chemical survey of disk-outflow sources in the Taurus star forming region (ALMA-DOT), we observed five Class I or early Class II sources with the o-H2CS(71,6−61,5) line. ALMA-Band 6 was used, reaching spatial resolutions ≃40 au, that is, Solar System spatial scales. We also estimated the binding energy of H2CS using quantum mechanical calculations, for the first time, for an extended, periodic, crystalline ice.
Results. We imaged H2CS emission in two rotating molecular rings in the HL Tau and IRAS 04302+2247 discs, the outer radii of which are ~140 au (HL Tau) and 115 au (IRAS 04302+2247). The edge-on geometry of IRAS 04302+2247 allows us to reveal that H2CS emission peaks at radii of 60–115 au, at z = ±50 au from the equatorial plane. Assuming LTE conditions, the column densities are ~1014 cm−2. We estimate upper limits of a few 1013 cm−2 for the H2CS column densities in DG Tau, DG Tau B, and Haro 6–13 discs. For HL Tau, we derive, for the first time, the [H2CS]/[H] abundance in a protoplanetary disc (≃10−14). The binding energy of H2CS computed for extended crystalline ice and amorphous ices is 4258 and 3000–4600 K, respectively, implying thermal evaporation where dust temperatures are ≥50–80 K.
Conclusions. H2CS traces the so-called warm molecular layer, a region previously sampled using CS and H2CO. Thioformaldehyde peaks closer to the protostar than H2CO and CS, plausibly because of the relatively high excitation level of the observed 71,6−61,5 line (60 K). The H2CS binding energy implies that thermal desorption dominates in thin, au-sized, inner and/or upper disc layers, indicating that the observed H2CS emitting up to radii larger than 100 au is likely injected in the gas phase due to non-thermal processes.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis after regression of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients treated with methotrexate: a retrospective, multi-center descriptive study
Authors: Nakano Kazuhisa , Tanaka Yoshiya , Saito Kazuyoshi , Kaneko Yuko , Saito Shuntaro , Tanaka Masao , Saito Rintaro , Fujii Takao , Kuramoto Nobuo , Sugimoto Naoki , Takada Hideto , Harigai Masayoshi , Sasaki Sho , Suzuki Yasuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To identify the optimal treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after the regression of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs).

Methods
The subjects were 232 patients with RA who developed LPD between 2000 and 2017 at seven hospitals participating in the LPD-WG study. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the rate of LPD relapse and the retention of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).

Results
Treatment for RA was resumed in 138 patients after spontaneous regression of LPD after the discontinuation of methotrexate and in 52 patients after chemotherapy for LPD (persistent-LPD). LPD relapses occurred in 23 patients. Not DMARDs use but Hodgkin’s lymphoma was identified as a risk factor for LPD relapse. In 88 RA patients treated with bDMARDs [tocilizumab, 39 patients; abatacept 20 patients; tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, 29 patients], the one-year retention rate was 67.8%. The risk factors for discontinuation of bDMARDs were persistent-LPD, non-diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (non-DLBCL), and a high clinical disease activity index (CDAI). Tocilizumab showed the highest retention rate among bDMARDs, particularly in DLBCL.

Conclusion
Although any bDMARD could be used in patients after LPD regression, effectiveness and risk for relapse should be carefully assessed for each LPD subtype.
Recent advances in 3D bioprinting of musculoskeletal tissues
Authors: Potyondy Tyler , Uquillas Jorge Alfredo , Tebon Peyton J , Byambaa Batzaya , Hasan Anwarul , Tavafoghi Maryam , Mary Heloise , Aninwene George E , Pountos Ippokratis , Khademhosseini Ali , Ashammakhi Nureddin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is essential for maintaining posture, protecting organs, facilitating locomotion, and regulating various cellular and metabolic functions. Injury to this system due to trauma or wear is common, and severe damage may require surgery to restore function and prevent further harm. Autografts are the current gold standard for the replacement of lost or damaged tissues. However, these grafts are constrained by limited supply and donor site morbidity. Allografts, xenografts, and alloplastic materials represent viable alternatives, but each of these methods also has its own problems and limitations. Technological advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing and its biomedical adaptation, 3D bioprinting, have the potential to provide viable, autologous tissue-like constructs that can be used to repair musculoskeletal defects. Though bioprinting is currently unable to develop mature, implantable tissues, it can pattern cells in 3D constructs with features facilitating maturation and vascularization. Further advances in the field may enable the manufacture of constructs that can mimic native tissues in complexity, spatial heterogeneity, and ultimately, clinical utility. This review studies the use of 3D bioprinting for engineering bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, ligament, and their interface tissues. Additionally, the current limitations and challenges in the field are discussed and the prospects for future progress are highlighted.
A novel antibody targeting TIM-3 resulting in receptor internalization for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kuang Zhihui , Li Li , Zhang Pan , Chen Bingliang , Wu Min , Ni Haiqing , Yi Shuai , Zou Jia , Liu Junjian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Strategies to reinvigorate exhausted T cells have achieved great efficacy in certain subpopulations of tumor patients. Blocking the antibodies that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 induces durable responses in Hodgkin’s lymphoma, melanoma, renal and lung cancers. T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) is another well-defined inhibitory receptor that is expressed in terminally differentiated Th1/Tc1 cells, which produces interferon gamma and cytotoxic molecules. It is also significantly expressed on forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells and innate immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages.

Methods
By immunizing BALB/c mice with recombinant TIM-3 and screening of 20 000 hybridoma clones, we selected a monoclonal TIM-3-blocking antibody (IBI104), which shows great efficacy in vitro and in vivo.

Results
IBI104 blocks phosphatidylserine interaction with TIM-3 but does not interfere with the interaction of TIM-3 with galectin-9 in ELISA assays. However, in vitro administration of IBI104 induces the potent internalization of TIM-3 in activated T cells to the extent that it will shut down the entire TIM-3 mediated signaling regardless of the ligands. IBI104 shows potent anti-tumor efficacy when combined with anti-PD1 in vivo.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that IBI104 is a promising blocking antibody for TIM-3-mediated suppressive signaling and can serve as effective cancer immunotherapy, especially in combination with anti-PD1.
Activation of the acute inflammatory phase response in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: association with clinicopathological phenotypes and with response to corticosteroids
Authors: Roca Neus , Martinez Cristina , Jatem Elias , Madrid Alvaro , Lopez Mercedes , Segarra Alfons 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Data on the activation of the acute inflammatory response and its clinicopathological associations in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) are scarce and discordant.

Objective
To analyse the associations between the activation of the inflammatory response, the clinicopathological characteristics of disease and the response to treatment with steroids in patients with INS.

Methods
A total of 101 patients with INS due to minimal change disease (MCD; n = 44), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; n = 33) and membranous nephropathy (MN; n = 24) and 50 healthy controls were included. At diagnosis, we measured the levels of haemopexin (Hx), haptoglobin (Hgl), interleukin-6 (IL-6), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble IL-1 receptor, interferon-γ and C-reactive protein. We analysed their clinicopathological associations. In MCD and FSGS patients, we determined the association between the levels of these variables and steroid resistance.

Results
The levels of Hx, Hgl, TNF-α, suPAR and IL-6 were higher in patients with INS than in healthy controls, and were not associated with proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate or serum albumin. In MCD and FSGS patients, Hx, Hgl, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were similar and significantly higher than in MN patients. In patients with MCD and FSGS, multivariate analyses identified FSGS and the levels of Hx, Hgl or IL-6 as independent predictors of steroid resistance.

Conclusions
The activation of the inflammatory response in patients with INS is heterogeneous and more prevalent in MCD or FSGS patients than in those with MN. In MCD and FSGS, elevated levels of Hx, Hgl or IL-6 are independently associated with steroid resistance.
Identification of a TeO32− reductase/mycothione reductase fromRhodococcus erythropolisPR4
Authors: Butz Zachary J , Hendricks Alexander , Borgognoni Kanda , Ackerson Christopher J 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTA Rhodococcus erythropolis bacterium that tolerates normally lethal concentrations of Fe(II), Cu(II), AsO32−, SeO32−, TeO32−, Cd(II) and Zn(II) was identified from an environmental isolate. In characterizing the molecular basis for metal tolerance, a mycothione reductase (Mtr) with remarkable selectivity for TeO32− reduction over SeO32− was identified. In equimolar concentrations of TeO32− and SeO32−, the enzymatic product contains a 7-fold excess of Te. This selectivity is remarkable because the standard reduction potential of SeO32− is 0.20 V more favorable for reduction than TeO32. Selectivity of the enzyme for TeO32− decreases with increasing assay pH. Homology modeling of the enzyme identifies four aromatic residues near the active site, including two histidine residues, that are not present in a related SeO32− preferring reductase. On the basis of more favorable π-interactions for Te than for Se and the pH dependence of the selectivity, the Te-selectivity is attributed in part to these aromatic residues. The resulting Te0 enzymatic product resembles Te nanowires.
The Rise and Fall of Torah U’Madda*
Authors: Grossman Lawrence 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rabbi Norman Lamm, who assumed the presidency of Yeshiva University in 1976, sought to clarify the mission of the institution by using as its tagline the phrase Torah U'’Madda–denoting the dual aim of providing traditional Jewish study (Torah) along with a standard college curriculum (Madda, meaning knowledge). It would replace the word “Synthesis,” which generations of students, including Lamm himself, had found vague and confusing. Lamm launched what he called the Torah U'Madda Project, which ultimately included a campus lecture series, an annual journal, and a book entitled: Torah Umadda: The Encounter of Religious Learning and Worldly Knowledge in the Jewish Tradition. While denying any intention to construct a hard-and-fast institutional philosophy on how to integrate Orthodox Judaism and secular higher education, Lamm insisted that serious exposure to both Torah knowledge and the arts and sciences fulfilled the Torah's mandate to understand and appreciate all aspects of God's world. Lamm's initiative failed, however, because economic conditions induced many students to forsake the liberal arts for vocational and pre-professional courses, and the trend to the right in American Orthodoxy–expressed by rabbis at Yeshiva itself and abetted by the year or more spent at Israeli yeshivot before college–stressed single–minded concentration on Torah study and justified secular education only for the purpose of making a living.
Claims of Safety in Neurosurgical Literature: We Shouldn’t Call Something Safe Without Strong Justification
Authors: Khan Adam Alamgir , Haines Stephen John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Many articles published in the neurosurgical literature make claims of safety regarding interventions. The strength of evidence supporting these claims has not been systematically evaluated.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the quality of evidence supporting claims of safety in the neurosurgery literature.

METHODS
The 14 neurosurgical journals listed in the Web of Science database with the highest impact factors for 2018 were included in the study. The titles and abstracts of all the articles published in these journals in 2018 were searched for the word “safety” and reviewed by 2 independent observers to identify those making a claim of safety and assess their evidence.

RESULTS
The search identified 323 articles, representing 5% of the articles published in the 14 searched journals in 2018. Of these, 114 (1.8% of all articles and 35% of the identified articles) were judged to make a claim of safety of a neurosurgical intervention. A total of 98 (86%) of the 114 articles making a safety claim were retrospective cohort studies. Patient cohort sizes ranged from 1 to 1565 (median of 34), leading to wide variations in the CIs for estimated complication rates. No article made a statement of the assumptions underlying its claim of safety.

CONCLUSION
Almost no articles that make claims of safety for neurosurgical interventions explicitly state the (1) patient population, (2) comparison intervention, nor (3) specific outcomes. To assure that claims of safety are supported by high-quality evidence, authors should address these elements early and systematically when designing studies.
Transverse hilbert schemes, bi-hamiltonian systems and hyperkähler geometry
Authors: Bielawski Roger 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We give a characterization of Atiyah’s and Hitchin’s transverse Hilbert schemes of points on a symplectic surface in terms of bi-Poisson structures. Furthermore, we describe the geometry of hyperkähler manifolds arising from the transverse Hilbert scheme construction, with particular attention paid to the monopole moduli spaces.
Spindles are highly heritable as identified by different spindle detectors
Authors: Goldschmied Jennifer R , Lacourse Karine , Maislin Greg , Delfrate Jacques , Gehrman Philip , Pack Frances M , Staley Bethany , Pack Allan I , Younes Magdy , Kuna Samuel T , Warby Simon C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractStudy ObjectivesSleep spindles, a defining feature of stage N2 sleep, are maximal at central electrodes and are found in the frequency range of the electroencephalogram (EEG) (sigma 11–16 Hz) that is known to be heritable. However, relatively little is known about the heritability of spindles. Two recent studies investigating the heritability of spindles reported moderate heritability, but with conflicting results depending on scalp location and spindle type. The present study aimed to definitively assess the heritability of sleep spindle characteristics.MethodsWe utilized the polysomnography data of 58 monozygotic and 40 dizygotic same-sex twin pairs to identify heritable characteristics of spindles at C3/C4 in stage N2 sleep including density, duration, peak-to-peak amplitude, and oscillation frequency. We implemented and tested a variety of spindle detection algorithms and used two complementary methods of estimating trait heritability.ResultsWe found robust evidence to support strong heritability of spindles regardless of detector method (h2 &gt; 0.8). However not all spindle characteristics were equally heritable, and each spindle detection method produced a different pattern of results.ConclusionsThe sleep spindle in stage N2 sleep is highly heritable, but the heritability differs for individual spindle characteristics and depends on the spindle detector used for analysis.
Exogenous dopamine and overexpression of the dopamine synthase gene MdTYDC alleviated apple replant disease
Authors: Gao Tengteng , Liu Yusong , Liu Xiaomin , Zhao Kai , Shan Lei , Wu Qian , Liu Yuan , Zhang Zhijun , Ma Fengwang , Li Chao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease that leads to economic losses due to reduced plant growth and diminished fruit yields. Dopamine is involved in interactions between plants and pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether dopamine can directly stimulate defense responses to ARD. In this study, an exogenous dopamine treatment and dopamine synthetase MdTYDC (tyrosine decarboxylase) transgenic plants were used to verify the role of dopamine in treating ARD. First, 2-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica cv. Fuji), grafted onto rootstock M26, were grown in replant soils. The addition of dopamine (100 μM) to the soil promoted seedling growth and changed the accumulation of mineral elements in plants in replant soils. Such supplementation improved the activity of invertase, urease, proteinase and phosphatase under replant conditions. Sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA revealed that dopamine had a slight influence on bacterial diversity but had an obvious effect on the fungal diversity in replant soils. The application of dopamine to replant soil changed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Second, overexpression of MdTYDC in apple plants alleviated the effects of ARD. MdTYDC transgenic lines exhibited mitigated ARD through inhibited degradation of photosynthetic pigment, maintaining the stability of photosystems I and II and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, overexpression of MdTYDC improved arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization by improving the accumulation of soluble sugars under replant conditions. Together, these results demonstrated that dopamine enhances the tolerance of apples to ARD.
Human actinomycetoma caused by Actinomadura mexicana in Sudan: the first report
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Nyuykonge Bertrand , Ahmed Mohammed Tayfour , Hassan Rowa , Saad Eiman Siddig Ahmed , Mhmoud Najwa Adam , Bakhiet Sahar Mubarak , van de Sande Wendy W J , Fahal Ahmed Hassan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mycetoma is a localized, chronic, granulomatous disease that can be caused by fungi (eumycetoma) or bacteria (actinomycetoma). Of the 70 different causative agents implicated in mycetoma worldwide, Actinomadura madurae is the only one that causes multiple cases on all continents. Recently, new Actinomadura species were described as causative agents of human mycetoma. One of these new causative agents was Actinomadura mexicana, which was identified in Latin America. Here we demonstrate that this causative agent is not confined to Latin America and that it is also a causative agent of actinomycetoma in Sudan. The disease was managed by antibiotic treatment alone and resulted in complete cure after 6 months of treatment, which is quick when compared with actinomycetoma cases caused by other Actinomadura species.