bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) reduces proliferative capacity and Brachyury levels in the chordoma cell line UCH-1
Authors: Robinson Helena , McFarlane Ramsay J. , Wakeman Jane A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChordoma is a rare bone cancer for which there are no approved drugs. Surgery is the principle treatment but complete resection can be challenging due to the location of the tumours in the spine and therefore finding an effective drug treatment is a pressing unmet clinical need. A major recent study identified the transcription factor Brachyury as the primary vulnerability and drug target in chordoma. Previously, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to negatively influence expression of the Brachyury gene, TBXT. Here we extend this finding and demonstrate that ATRA lowers Brachyury protein levels in chordoma cells and reduces proliferation of the chordoma cell line U-CH1 as well as causing loss of distinctive chordoma cell morphology. ATRA is available as a generic drug and is the first line treatment for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). This study implies ATRA could have therapeutic value if repurposed for chordoma.
Helminth infection-induced carcinogenesis: spectrometric insights from the liver flukes, Opisthorchis and Fasciola
Authors: Gouveia Maria João , Pakharukova Maria Y. , Rinaldi Gabriel , Mordvinov Viatcheslav A. , Brindley Paul J. , Gärtner Fátima , Vale Nuno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEarlier reports revealed oxysterol metabolites of Opisthorchis spp. liver fluke origin conjugated with DNA bases, suggesting that the generation of these DNA-adducts may underlie the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the infection with these food-borne pathogens. Here, we employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to investigate, compare and contrast spectrograms of soluble extracts from Fasciola hepatica adult worms from bile ducts of cattle with those from O. viverrini and O.felineus from experimentally infected hamsters. F. hepatica and Opisthorchis spp. shared common compounds including oxysterol-like metabolites, bile acids and DNA-adducts, but the spectrometric profiles of F. hepatica included far fewer compounds than Opisthorchis species. These findings support the postulate that parasitic oxysterol-like metabolites could be related to carcinogenesis associated to infection and they point to a molecular basis for the differences among major groups of liver flukes concerning infection-induced malignancy.
Early Miocene marine ostracodes from southwestern India: implications for their biogeography and the closure of the Tethyan Seaway
Authors: Yasuhara Moriaki , Hong Yuanyuan , Tian Skye Yunshu , Chong Wing Ki , Chu Rachel Wai Ching , Okahashi Hisayo , Reuter Markus , Piller Werner E. , Harzhauser Mathias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwenty-six genera and 34 species of early Miocene Indian shallow-marine ostracodes were examined for taxonomy and paleobiogeography. A new genusParactinocythereisand new speciesCosta ponticulocarinatawere described. Early Miocene Indian ostracode fauna shows strong affinity to Eocene–Miocene Eastern and Western Tethyan ostracode faunas and Miocene–Recent Indo-Pacific ostracode fauna, supporting the Hopping Hotspot Hypothesis that the Tethyan biodiversity hotspot has shifted eastward through Arabia to Indo-Australian Archipelago (IAA) together with concomitant biogeographic shifts of the Tethyan elements. The result also indicated an inverse westward distributional shift in a genus. It is important to note that Paleogene and Miocene shallow marine ostracodes from the IAA region remain poorly investigated, and more fossil ostracode data are needed to better test the Hopping Hotspot Hypothesis.UUID:http://zoobank.org/d1e29249-8c5b-49bf-a47a-5f18e1fc4426
Olfactory hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: El Haj Mohamad , Larøi Frank 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe assessed the frequency, duration, and degree of unpleasantness of olfactory hallucinations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Informants of 31 AD patients were invited to rate the frequency, duration, and degree of unpleasantness of olfactory, auditory, and visual hallucinations. Analysis demonstrated little occurrence of olfactory hallucinations compared with auditory or visual hallucinations. Results also demonstrated that olfactory hallucinations span from a few seconds to one minute, a duration that was similar to that of auditory and visual hallucinations. Olfactory hallucinations were rated as unpleasant compared with auditory or visual hallucinations. Finally, olfactory hallucinations were significantly correlated with depression. Our findings demonstrate little occurrence of olfactory hallucinations but that when they occur, they are experienced as relatively unpleasant in AD patients. Our findings also demonstrate a relationship between olfactory hallucinations and psychiatric characteristics (i.e., depression) in AD.
ON THE DEPTH OF SYMBOLIC POWERS OF EDGE IDEALS OF GRAPHS
Authors: FAKHARI S. A. S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAssume that G is a graph with edge ideal
$I(G)$
and star packing number
$\alpha _2(G)$
. We denote the sth symbolic power of
$I(G)$
by
$I(G)^{(s)}$
. It is shown that the inequality
$ \operatorname {\mathrm {depth}} S/(I(G)^{(s)})\geq \alpha _2(G)-s+1$
is true for every chordal graph G and every integer
$s\geq 1$
. Moreover, it is proved that for any graph G, we have
$ \operatorname {\mathrm {depth}} S/(I(G)^{(2)})\geq \alpha _2(G)-1$
.
The single-use rhinolaryngoscope: an evaluation and cost comparison
Authors: Mistry R , Russell R V , Walker N , Ofo E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated whether the single-use rhinolaryngoscope is clinically and economically comparable to the conventional reusable rhinolaryngoscope within a tertiary otolaryngology centre in the UK.MethodsA non-blinded, prospective and single-arm evaluation was carried out over a 5-day period, in which micro-costing was used to compare single-use rhinolaryngoscopes with reusable rhinolaryngoscopes.ResultsOverall, 68 per cent of the investigators perceived the single-use rhinolaryngoscope to be ‘good’ or ‘very good’, while 85 per cent believed the single-use rhinolaryngoscope could replace the reusable rhinolaryngoscope (n = 59). The incremental costs of reusable rhinolaryngoscope eyepieces and videoscopes in the out-patient clinic, when compared to single-use rhinolaryngoscopes, were £30 and £11, respectively. The incremental costs of reusable rhinolaryngoscope eyepieces and videoscopes in the acute surgical assessment unit, when compared to single-use rhinolaryngoscopes, were −£4 and −£73, respectively.ConclusionThe single-use rhinolaryngoscope provides a clinically comparable, and potentially cost-minimising, alternative to the reusable rhinolaryngoscope for use in the acute surgical assessment unit of our hospital.
The effects of N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic scenario
Authors: Bandaru S V , Augustine A M , Lepcha A , Sebastian S , Gowri M , Philip A , Mammen M D 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe current circumstances of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic necessitate the use of personal protective equipment in hospitals. N95 masks and face shields are being used as personal protective equipment to protect from aerosol-related spread of infection. Personal protective equipment, however, hampers communication. This study aimed to assess the effect of using an N95 mask and face shield on speech perception among healthcare workers with normal hearing.MethodsTwenty healthcare workers were recruited for the study. Pure tone audiometry was conducted to ensure normal hearing. Speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score were obtained, first without using personal protective equipment and then repeated with the audiologist wearing an N95 mask and face shield.ResultsA statistically significant increase in speech reception threshold (mean of 12.4 dB) and decrease in speech discrimination score (mean of 7 per cent) was found while using the personal protective equipment.ConclusionUse of personal protective equipment significantly impairs speech perception. Alternate communication strategies should be developed for effective communication.
Detection of enteric parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. in patients admitted to hospital in Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Sarzhanov Fakhriddin , Köster Pamela Carolina , Dogruman-Al Funda , Bailo Begoña , Dashti Alejandro , Demirel-Kaya Filiz , Carmena David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis epidemiological study assesses the occurrence of enteric parasites in 4303 patients attended at two public hospitals in Ankara (Turkey) during 2018–2019. Microscopy was used as a screening test. Giardia duodenalis was also identified using a commercial ELISA for the detection of parasite-specific coproantigens. Giardia-positive samples by microscopy/ELISA were confirmed by real-time PCR and characterized using a multilocus genotyping scheme. Blastocystis sp. was genotyped in a sample subset. Blastocystis sp. (11.1%, 95% CI 11.4‒14.8%) and G. duodenalis (1.56%, 95% CI 1.22‒1.96) were the most prevalent pathogens found. Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica and intestinal helminths were only sporadically (<0.5%) found. For G. duodenalis, sequence (n = 30) analyses revealed the presence of sub-assemblages AII (23.3%), discordant AII/AIII (23.3%) and mixed AII + AIII (6.7%) within assemblage A, and BIII (10.0%), BIV (3.3%) and discordant BIII/BIV (23.3%) within assemblage B. Two additional sequences (6.7%) were assigned to the latter assemblage but sub-assemblage information was unknown. No associations between G. duodenalis assemblages/sub-assemblages and sociodemographic and clinical variables could be demonstrated. For Blastocystis sp., sequence (n = 6) analyses identified subtypes ST1, ST2 and ST3 at equal proportions. This is the first molecular characterization of G. duodenalis based on MLG conducted in Turkey to date.
Serotonin and early life stress interact to shape brain architecture and anxious avoidant behavior – a TPH2 imaging genetics approach
Authors: Liu Congcong , Xu Lei , Li Jialin , Zhou Feng , Yang Xi , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Fu Meina , Li Keshuang , Sindermann Cornelia , Montag Christian , Ma Yina , Scheele Dirk , Ebstein Richard P. , Yao Shuxia , Kendrick Keith M. , Becker Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly life stress has been associated with emotional dysregulations and altered architecture of limbic-prefrontal brain systems engaged in emotional processing. Serotonin regulates both, developmental and experience-dependent neuroplasticity in these circuits. Central serotonergic biosynthesis rates are regulated by Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) and transgenic animal models suggest that TPH2-gene associated differences in serotonergic signaling mediate the impact of aversive early life experiences on a phenotype characterized by anxious avoidance.MethodsThe present study employed an imaging genetics approach that capitalized on individual differences in a TPH2 polymorphism (703G/T; rs4570625) to determine whether differences in serotonergic signaling modulate the effects of early life stress on brain structure and function and punishment sensitivity in humans (n = 252).ResultsHigher maltreatment exposure before the age of 16 was associated with increased gray matter volumes in a circuitry spanning thalamic-limbic-prefrontal regions and decreased intrinsic communication in limbic-prefrontal circuits selectively in TT carriers. In an independent replication sample, associations between higher early life stress and increased frontal volumes in TT carriers were confirmed. On the phenotype level, the genotype moderated the association between higher early life stress exposure and higher punishment sensitivity. In TT carriers, the association between higher early life stress exposure and punishment sensitivity was critically mediated by increased thalamic-limbic-prefrontal volumes.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that early life stress shapes the neural organization of the limbic-prefrontal circuits in interaction with individual variations in the TPH2 gene to promote a phenotype characterized by facilitated threat avoidance, thus promoting early adaptation to an adverse environment.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: can PrEP prevent COVID-19-related symptoms?
Authors: Fernandes Danilo Euclides , Ferreira Paulo Roberto Abrão , Mastroianni Kirsztajn Gianna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
It has been speculated that some drugs can be used against SARS-CoV-2. As for antiretrovirals, the follow-up of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak may help to understand the potential protective effect of PrEP against SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to identify associations between oral PrEP use and COVID-19-related symptoms self-reporting. Phone call interviews or digital investigation (through WhatsApp® or e-mail) about oral PrEP regular use, social distancing, exposure to suspected or confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related symptoms. Among 108 individuals, the majority were cisgender, white and gay men. Although most of the individuals engaged in social distancing (68.52%), they kept on taking PrEP (75.93%). Few people have had contact with suspected or confirmed cases of COVID-19 (12.04%), but some had COVID-19-related symptoms the month before the interview (27.78%) including rhinorrheoa (56.67%), cough (53.33%), asthaenia (50.00%) and headache (43.33%). Also, oral PrEP was associated with lower self-reporting COVID-19-symptoms (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.07–0.96, P = 0.04; h = 0.92) even after controlling confounders as social distancing, age, body-mass index and morbidities . In our sample, the regular use of oral PrEP was associated with lower self-reporting of COVID-19-related symptoms during the outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil.
Subclinical thiamine deficiency: What is the most appropriate method of diagnosis and treatment?
Authors: Onishi Hideki , Uchida Nozomu , Itami Kumi , Sato Masakazu , Tamura Saki , Kurosaki Akira , Ishida Mayumi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe symptoms of thiamine deficiency vary considerably and asymptomatic cases; i.e., subclinical thiamine deficiency (SCTD), are known to exist. However, there is no information available on the treatment of SCTD.MethodsWe report a patient who underwent intravenous thiamine replacement therapy for about a month after being diagnosed with SCTD, but who developed SCTD again about three weeks after finishing the treatment.ResultsThe patient was a 64-year-old woman who, after starting treatment for cervical cancer, complained of anxiety and underwent an initial psychiatric examination. The psychiatric diagnosis was an adjustment disorder. Based on the possibility of SCTD complications due to her decreased appetite and weight loss, her serum thiamine concentration was measured and found to be low. Therefore, thiamine was administered intravenously for 29 days. At the end of treatment, thiamine administration was discontinued as there were no apparent neuropsychiatric symptoms or problems with appetite. Twenty-three days later, there were still no problems with appetite or neuropsychiatric symptoms, but a follow-up blood sample revealed that her serum thiamine was again below the normal range.Significance of resultsCurrently, there is no information available regarding the diagnosis and treatment of SCTD in cancer patients. In some cases, such as this case, the deficiency recurs without any symptoms indicative of SCTD; therefore, further examination for diagnosis and treatment is necessary.
Addressing the needs of parents with advanced cancer: Attitudes, practice behaviors, and training experiences of oncology social workers
Authors: Quillen Laura J. , Borstelmann Nancy A. , Stanton Kate E. , Nelson Courtney A. , Chien Stephanie A. , Bowers Savannah M. , Swift Catherine L. , Gonzalez Yulissa , Yi Samantha M. , Park Eliza M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced cancer patients who are parents of minor children experience heightened psychosocial distress. Oncology social workers (OSWs) are essential providers of psychosocial support to parents with advanced cancer. Yet, little is known about the experiences and approaches of OSWs in addressing these patients’ unique needs. The purpose of this study was to characterize the attitudes, practice behaviors, and training experiences of OSWs who provide psychosocial care for advanced cancer patients with minor children.MethodForty-one OSWs participated in a cross-sectional survey addressing multiple facets of their psychosocial care for parents with advanced cancer. The five assessed domains of psychosocial support were communication support, emotional support, household support, illness and treatment decision-making support, and end-of-life planning.ResultsParticipants reported greatest confidence in counseling patients on communication with children about illness and providing support to co-parents about parenting concerns. OSWs reported less confidence in counseling parents on end-of-life issues and assisting families with non-traditional household structures. The majority of participants reported needing more time in their clinical practice to sufficiently address parents’ psychosocial needs. Nearly 90% of participants were interested in receiving further training on the care of parents with advanced cancer.Significance of resultsTo improve the care of parents with advanced cancer, it is critical to understand how the psychosocial oncology workforce perceives its clinical practice needs. Study findings suggest an opportunity for enhanced training, particularly with respect to end-of-life needs and in response to the changing household structure of American families.
Robustness of CMIP6 Historical Global Mean Temperature Simulations: Trends, Long‐Term Persistence, Autocorrelation, and Distributional Shape
Authors: Papalexiou Simon Michael , Rajulapati Chandra Rupa , Clark Martyn P. , Lehner Flavio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMulti‐model climate experiments carried out as part of different phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are crucial to evaluate past and future climate change. The reliability of models' simulations is often gauged by their ability to reproduce the historical climate across many time scales. This study compares the global mean surface air temperature from 29 CMIP6 models with observations from three datasets. We examine (1) warming and cooling rates in five subperiods from 1880 to 2014, (2) autocorrelation and long‐term persistence, (3) models' performance based on probabilistic and entropy metrics, and (4) the distributional shape of temperature. All models simulate the observed long‐term warming trend from 1880 to 2014. The late twentieth century warming (1975–2014) and the hiatus (1942–1975) are replicated by most models. The post‐1998 warming is overestimated in 90% of the simulations. Only six out of 29 models reproduce the observed long‐term persistence. All models show differences in distributional shape when compared with observations. Varying performance across metrics reveals the challenge to determine the “best” model. Thus, we argue that models should be selected, based on case‐specific metrics, depending on the intended use. Metrics proposed here facilitate a comprehensive assessment for various applications.
Diversity of North Pacific Meridional Mode and Its Distinct Impacts on El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Authors: Zhao Jiuwei , Kug Jong‐Seong , Park Jae‐Heung , An Soon‐Il 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM) plays an important role in determining El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events in the following winter season. However, little attention has been given to significant differences among its spatial patterns. Here we show that the NPMM exhibits a large diversity in spatial patterns, leading to distinct impacts on ENSO. Based on objective clustering analysis, two distinct spatial patterns of NPMM are detected. Cluster 1 (C1) NPMM exhibits a strong sea surface temperature dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and midlatitude central Pacific whereas Cluster 2 (C2) features a dipole over the subtropical eastern Pacific and equatorial cold tongue region. We find that the C1 NPMM is strongly linked to following ENSO events while the C2 NPMM has no statistically significant relation. This gives new implications for ENSO dynamics and predictions.
Squeezing Water From a Stone: H2O In Nominally Anhydrous Minerals From Granulite Xenoliths and Deep, Hydrous Fractional Crystallization
Authors: Chin Emily J. , Curran Sean T. , Farmer G. Lang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater is key to plate tectonics on Earth, which, in turn, is vital to the production of continental crust. Although arc lavas erupt in a volatile‐rich state and calc‐alkaline arc plutons are distinguished by the presence of hydrous minerals such as hornblende and biotite, the water content of arc magmas earlier in their evolution—in the deep crust—remains poorly constrained. Here, we report H2O contents in nominally anhydrous minerals measured in situ on petrographic thin sections by secondary ion mass spectrometry of Proterozoic deep crustal xenoliths from Colorado, USA. Clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and garnet contain average H2O contents ranging from 75–760, 233–410, and 42–139 ppm, respectively. Reconstructed bulk rock H2O contents range from ~60 to ~650 ppm. Intermineral H2O ratios overlap experimental mineral/melt D values and are used to calculate H2O of melts last in equilibrium with the xenoliths. We propose that these xenoliths represent cumulates fractionated from a primitive, hydrous (≥1 wt.% H2O) melt at high (~1 GPa) pressures, similar to conditions in modern subduction zones and potentially associated with widespread arc accretion that formed the core of North America in the Precambrian.
Predicting Vertical Concentration Profiles in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer With a Markov Chain Random Walk Model
Authors: Park Hyungwon John , Sherman Thomas , Freire Livia S. , Wang Guiquan , Bolster Diogo , Xian Peng , Sorooshian Armin , Reid Jeffrey S. , Richter David H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn an effort to better represent aerosol transport in mesoscale and global‐scale models, large eddy simulations (LES) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Turbulence with Particles (NTLP) code are used to develop a Markov chain random walk model that predicts aerosol particle profiles in a cloud‐free marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). The evolution of vertical concentration profiles are simulated for a range of aerosol particle sizes and in a neutral and an unstable boundary layer. For the neutral boundary layer we find, based on the LES statistics and a specific model time step, that there exist significant correlation for particle positions, meaning that particles near the bottom of the boundary are more likely to remain near the bottom of the boundary layer than being abruptly transported to the top, and vice versa. For the unstable boundary layer, a similar time interval exhibits a weaker tendency for an aerosol particle to remain close to its current location compared to the neutral case due to the strong nonlocal convective motions. In the limit of a large time interval, particles have been mixed throughout the MABL and virtually no temporal correlation exists. We leverage this information to parameterize a Markov chain random walk model that accurately predicts the evolution of vertical concentration profiles. The new methodology has significant potential to be applied at the subgrid level for coarser‐scale weather and climate models, the utility of which is shown by comparison to airborne field data and global aerosol models.