bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of CdIn2S4/MXene‐TiO2 Z‐Scheme Heterojunction for High‐Gain Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor to Achieve Maximized Transconductance at Zero Bias
Authors: Zhang Haowei , Zhou Yunlei , Zhang Miao , Yin Huanshun , Hu Yixin , Yin Zhidong , Ai Shiyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInterfacial charge‐carrier complexation is a bottleneck problem governing the gating effect of organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) biosensors. Therefore, it has long been desired to enhance the OPECT gating effect and realize the maximum transconductance at zero bias. In this study, an in situ engineered heterojunction gating and nano‐enzymatic catalytic integration of OPECT‐colorimetric dual‐mode sensing platform is developed for dibutyl phthalate detection. Specifically, highly efficient photoactive CdIn2S4/MXene‐TiO2 Z‐scheme heterojunction is constructed by two‐step in situ engineering to promote effective separation of electron–hole pairs to achieve sensitive gating of poly(ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)‐based OPECT. Target‐induced rolling circle amplification is used as the signal amplification unit, and Ag@Carbon Sphere (Ag─CS) is used as the signal conditioning element, which on the one hand causes shunting of photogenerated electrons, leading to energy transfer and reduced gating. At the same time, Ag─CS acts as a peroxidase‐mimicking nanozyme to oxidize the TMB discoloration. Importantly, the prepared sensor exhibits good selectivity and high sensitivity for the detection of dibutyl phthalate with a detection limit of 0.08 fM and also shows superior detection ability in real water bodies. Therefore, the sensor provides an ideal choice for toxic molecule detection and has a promising application in environmental monitoring and food analysis.
Regulation of Interface Schottky Barrier and Photoelectric Properties in Carbon‐Based HTL‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Da Shi‐Ji , Liu Wen‐Wu , Li Cai‐Xia , Lei Yi‐Xiao , Ran Fen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCarbon‐based hole transport layer (HTL)‐free perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) receive a lot of attention because of their simplified preparation technology, low price, and good hydrophobicity. However, the Schottky junction formed at the interface between perovskite and carbon poles affects the photogenerated carrier extraction and conversion efficiency. In this paper, 4‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid (TPCA) is used to modify the perovskite films. The introduction of TPCA can reduce the p‐type Schottky barrier height (p‐SBH) and thin the Schottky barrier width W, which greatly improves the hole transport ability and tunneling probability. Meanwhile, the n‐type Schottky barrier height (n‐SBH) shows a rising trend, which prevents the reverse electron transport to carbon, suppresses unnecessary carrier complexes, and greatly improves the device's optoelectronic performance. Besides, the pyridine nitrogen and C = O in TPCA interact with Pb2+ to raise the crystal quality of perovskite films while inhibiting nonradiative recombination. The results show that compared with the pristine device's 11.45% photoelectric conversion efficiency （PCE), the TPCA‐modified device achieves 13.64% PCE. The device's long‐term stability significantly improved post‐TPCA modification. After 720 h of storage at room temperature and 40–60% relative humidity in the air, the unencapsulated device retained 77% of its initial efficiency.
High Tribo‐Charge Density Composite Nanofiber Membrane for Motion Sensing and Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhao Xue Jiao , Zhao Zhi Hao , Wang Zhong Lin , Zhu Guang , Wang Jie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), among the most simple and efficient means to harvest mechanical energy, have great potential in renewable energy utilization. While the output performance of TENGs is still not high enough, which limits its practical application. Here, a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/fluorinated ethylene propylene nanoparticles (FEP NPs) porous nanofiber (PFPN) membrane with waterproof, breathable, surface superhydrophobic and high tribo‐negative properties is proposed for achieving high‐performance of TENGs. The PFPN‐based solid–solid contact PFPN‐TENG achieved an optimal electric output with a net tribo‐charge density of 294 µC m−2, which is 42.2% more than that of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film. The PFNP membrane can maintain the best performance with almost no attenuation after 142680 working cycles. Based on its excellent triboelectric characteristics, the PFPN membrane shows its excellent performance for self‐powered body motion sensing and mechanical energy harvesting. A flexible solid–liquid contact PFPN‐TENG can achieve high electrical output with an average volume power density of ≈544.1 W m−3 by harvesting water wave energy. Such excellent performance of the PFPN membrane makes it a potential candidate to promote the power density of TENGs in harvesting blue water wave energy.
A Spectrum‐Tailored Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Film for Energy‐Saving Smart Windows
Authors: Qin Jing , Yuan Baohua , Yang Yihai , Zhang Zuowei , Jing Fuman , Zou Cheng , Gao Yanzi , Yu Meina , Yang Huai 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) holds potential application in smart windows, owing to its feasibility in regulating the transmittance of specific wavelength bands to improve energy utilization. Herein, a composite PDLC smart window is designed, which showcases high emissivity of 93.79% in the mid‐infrared region and features the regulation of ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near‐infrared (NIR) light. Titanate nanomaterials with diverse morphologies are synthesized and doped to endow the PDLC film with perfect UV shielding property and excellent electro‐optical (E‐O) performance. Subsequently, the E‐O performance is further improved by modifying the structure of acrylate monomers, with the maximum transmittance exceeding 80%. Furthermore, the LaB6 layer is incorporated to effectively shield NIR light. Due to the synergistic effect of sunlight modulation and passive radiative cooling, the composite PDLC smart window can effectively lower the indoor temperature compared with traditional PDLC films. Eventually, the fabricated LaB6/PVA/PDLC smart window displays high contrast (210.65), a low threshold voltage (6.68 V), and remarkable passive radiative cooling performance (cooling power of 131.24 m2 K−1). Overall, the composite presents switchable transmittance in visible region, excellent UV‐blocking (>99%), and high NIR shielding capacities, thereby broadening its potential application in the field of smart windows.
Enhanced Performance of Sn‐Based Perovskite Photodetectors Through Double‐Sided Passivation for Near‐Infrared Applications
Authors: Lai Yu Hsuan , Li Chien Cheng , Huang Yu Chuan , Yu Huang Tzu , Gao Xin Kai , Yang Chung Chi , Shan Tan Chih 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of high‐performance Sn‐based perovskite photodetectors is presented with double‐sided passivation using large alkylammonium interlayers of PEAI and BDAI₂. This dual passivation strategy, applied to the top and bottom of FASnI₃ films, effectively improves film quality by reducing defect density, enhancing carrier mobility, and minimizing non‐radiative energy losses at the interfaces. At 720 nm, the photodetectors demonstrate a responsivity of 0.37 A W−1, a detectivity of 6.12 × 10¹3 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 65.60%, with a rapid response time of 9 µs. Additionally, at 850 nm, the detectivity reaches as high as 3.27 × 10¹3 Jones. Furthermore, the device demonstrated a low 1/f noise of 1.21 × 10⁻¹⁵ AHz⁻⁰.⁵ at 10 Hz. Transient photocurrent (TPC) and transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements revealed a significant increase in charge recombination lifetime (τe) and improved charge transfer efficiency. These results showcase the potential of Sn perovskite photodetectors for near‐infrared applications, including autonomous vehicles, biometric recognition, and biomedical treatments.
Construction of 1D Molecular Conductive Wires Through a Polarized Gene Weaving Strategy for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Chen Congjie , Shan Zhen , Li Bocong , Wang Jinjian , Liu Tongtong , Li Shu‐Fan , Yang Hongwei , Su Jian , Zhang Gen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe growing threat of electromagnetic pollution has become a pressing safety concern. Metal‐organic framework (MOF) derivatives are considered ideal candidates for mitigating electromagnetic radiation. However, due to the limitations imposed by complex post‐processing and disruption of pristine crystal structures, the mechanisms of electromagnetic wave absorption remain unclear, let alone achieving atomic‐level regulation in MOF derivatives. Moreover, research on MOF‐based electromagnetic wave absorbers (EMWA) has predominantly focused on 2D and 3D structures, leaving 1D MOFs largely unexplored. To address these challenges, a bottom‐up polarization gene weaving strategy is proposed to integrate polarizable conjugated groups, thieno(3,2‐b)thiophene (TBTT), into two types of conductive MOFs by fine‐tuning self‐assembly conditions. As expected, both MOFs exhibited strong natural polarization effects. Among them, the 1D linear coordination mode of CuTBTT‐1D demonstrated enhanced charge carrier mobility and geometric effects compared to the 2D structure, CuTBTT‐2D. The synthesized 1D molecular polarization wire, with a thickness of 2.2 mm, achieved ultra‐high reflection loss (−77 dB) and super‐wide absorption bandwidth (6.52 GHz). Its performance surpasses that of all known MOF‐based EMWAs. This study provides a valuable strategy for the rational design of next‐generation 1D MOF EMWA with atomic precision.
UV Irradiation as a Versatile Low‐Temperature Strategy for Fabricating Templated Mesoporous Titania Films
Authors: Pan Guangjiu , Yin Shanshan , Huber Linus F. , Li Zerui , Tian Ting , Spanier Lukas V. , Zhong Huaying , Guan Tianfu , Ehgartner Caroline R. , Hüsing Nicola , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMesoporous titania thin films offer promising applications in sensors, batteries, and solar cells. The traditional soft templating methods rely on high‐temperature calcination, which is energy‐intensive, incompatible with thermosensitive flexible substrates, and destructive for titania structures. This work demonstrates UV irradiation as a versatile low‐temperature and energy‐saving alternative for mesoporous crystalline titania fabrication. Grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis reveals a three‐stage crystallization process with increasing UV irradiation time supported by photoluminescence data. UV‐irradiation‐derived samples exhibit crystallinity and crystal size comparable to that of calcination. Integration with block copolymer templated sol–gel synthesis enables the creation of various morphologies, including cylindrical, ordered spherical, and hybrid structures. Characterizations via scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering confirm the homogeneity of morphology in the resulting films. The resulting films maintain similar optical properties despite morphological differences, as demonstrated by photoluminescence and UV–vis measurements. The versatility of UV irradiation extends to different titanium precursors, underscoring it as a flexible and efficient method for mesoporous titania thin film fabrication at low temperatures.
Structural Stabilization of 4.6 V LiCoO2 Through Tri‐Site Co‐Doping with Al‐Mg‐F
Authors: Park Sangbin , Seok Jangwhan , Lee Wontae , Lee Seongeun , Lee Sungbum , Moon Hyungjoon , Chung Hyun Jei , Kim Nam‐In , Ryou Jae‐Hyun , Yoon Won‐Sub 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUplifting the charging voltage of LiCoO2 is crucial for surpassing current energy density thresholds in Li‐ion batteries. However, the structural and chemical instability of LiCoO2 in the deeply delithiated state is a major obstacle to the practical implementation of high‐voltage LiCoO2. This study proposes a multi‐element co‐doped LiCoO2 that exhibits enhanced electrochemical performances at 4.6 V (vs Li/Li+). Al, Mg, and F are doped at three distinct lattice sites, and the contributions of each dopant are investigated using advanced synchrotron X‐ray analyses and electron microscopies. Al and Mg delay the detrimental transition to the H1‐3 phase and facilitate a smoother phase transition, thereby preserving particle robustness. The electronegative anion dopant F mitigates oxygen oxidation and ensures a wider range of transition metal redox reactions. These enhancements enable the particles to withstand numerous cycles without severe cracking or surface degradation, thereby significantly improving cyclability. Consequently, the tri‐site doping strategy effectively minimizes capacity sacrifice and bolsters battery performance, with every dopant functioning synergistically.
Burnout and mental health among veterinarians: The role of self‐compassion and associated risk factors
Authors: Hernández‐Esteve Indira , Zumbado Manuel , Henríquez‐Hernández Luis Alberto 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundVeterinarians represent a population at risk for burnout. The influence of self‐compassion on the development and consequences of burnout remains poorly understood.MethodsA validated 30‐item survey was disseminated to registered members of the College of Veterinarians of Las Palmas (Spain) via Google Survey between October and December 2023 to assess levels of burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory—general survey) and self‐compassion (self‐compassion scale) and explore the prevalence of anxiety, depression and benzodiazepine use.ResultsA total of 141 responses were received. Respondents exhibited high levels of exhaustion and cynicism. Older veterinarians exhibited lower cynicism, while those with 1‒10 years of experience reported higher exhaustion. Veterinarians with more than 10 years in their current role demonstrated increased efficacy. Females showed a lower likelihood of self‐compassion. Exhaustion and cynicism were negatively correlated with self‐compassion. A total of 19.8% of the respondents reported being diagnosed with anxiety/depression, and 19.1% took benzodiazepines, half of them without a prescription.LimitationsThis cross‐sectional study provides a snapshot of the situation at a single point in time and may be susceptible to response bias, such as the healthy worker effect.ConclusionThese findings underscore the urgent need for interventions to address the complex interplay of burnout, self‐compassion, mental health and demographic factors within the veterinary profession.
Influence of Host and Landscape‐Associated Factors in the Infection and Transmission of Pathogens: The Case of Directly Transmitted Virus in Mammals
Authors: Villalobos‐Segura María del Carmen , Rico‐Chávez Oscar , Suzán Gerardo , Chaves Andrea 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAmong pathogens associated with mammals, numerous viruses with a direct transmission route impact human, domestic and wild species health. Host and landscape factors affect viral infection and transmission dynamics of these viruses, along with barriers to host dispersal and gene exchange. However, studies show biases toward certain locations, hosts and detected pathogens, with regional variations in similar host–virus associations.MethodsUsing a systematic review, in two electronic repositories for articles published until December 2022, we analysed the available information on host‐ and landscape‐associated factors influencing the infection and transmission of directly transmitted viruses in mammals.ResultsIn the analysis, about 50% of papers examined either host traits, landscape composition or configuration measures, while approximately 24% combined host and landscape‐associated factors. Additionally, approximately 17% of the articles included climatic data and 30% integrated factors related to anthropogenic impact, as these variables have a role in host density, distribution and virus persistence. The most significant and frequent host traits used as predictor variables were sex, age, body weight, host density and species identity. Land cover was the most evaluated landscape attribute, while some explored configuration variables like edge density and fragmentation indexes. Finally, temperature, precipitation and features such as human population density and human footprint index were also typically measured and found impactful.ConclusionGiven the many contributions host‐ and landscape‐related factors have in pathogen dynamics, this systematic study contributes to a better knowledge of host–virus dynamics and the identification of variables and gaps that can be used for disease prevention.
The Lived Experience of Coercion
Authors: Munt Chris , Littlechild Brian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter has been jointly planned and produced by a mental health services Expert by Lived Experience and an academic. Crucially, it has been co-authored with a cohort of people with Lived Experience, coming together in a collective effort to highlight how violence towards patients, and deliberate and premeditated coercion, though rare, does exist in the UK Mental Health system, and happens more frequently than many agencies and professionals would care to acknowledge. The fact that these incidents do not routinely result in criminal or disciplinary proceedings against the alleged perpetrators, perhaps says more about ill-informed and possibly prejudiced attitudes to mental health patients, and a lack of understanding in society about mental illness. The common misconception of people with a mental illness being chaotic and unreliable may lead some to conclude that when an incident is reported, the victim’s account is considered unsound. The shared experience gleaned from consultation with our co-authors is that the odds are stacked so heavily against the victim, that violence is endured, left unchecked, and is often repeated.Our lived experience co-author colleagues have been at pains to state and restate that the vast majority of mental health practitioners do not present a direct threat towards their patients. However, as many of our lived experience colleagues testified in what they wished to have represented in this chapter, at least some of the incidents they have experienced were witnessed by the perpetrator’s colleagues although the perpetrator(s) encountered little or no challenge, formally or informally.Illustrative quotes from our lived experience colleagues are presented throughout this chapter and tell their own story.
Ward Culture and Atmosphere
Authors: Hallett Nutmeg , Duxbury Joy A. , Björkdahl Anna , Johnson Sheena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe culture and atmosphere of wards within mental health inpatient settings both shape and are shaped by the quality of care provided. This chapter defines ward culture and atmosphere and examines the ways in which the physical environment, staff behaviour and organisational policies interact to influence patient outcomes and staff well-being. These factors play a critical role in fostering a therapeutic and compassionate care setting. The chapter further discusses strategies for enhancing care quality and staff experiences, highlighting the importance of collaboration, respect and understanding to cultivate a positive ward culture.
Preventing and Managing Challenging Behaviour: Staff Training
Authors: Lickiewicz Jakub , Hallett Nutmeg , Pekara Jaroslav , Oud Nico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractViolence is a serious issue in mental health care, where the safety of both patients and staff needs to be protected. Organisations should take care to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of not only their staff but also of the patients in their care. The chapter provides the issues related to training and training of trainers in the recognition, prevention, post-incident care, and therapeutic management of aggressive, violent behaviour, and sexual harassment in healthcare settings. The chapter also contains recommendations for training evaluation and training effectiveness.The process of training staff must be complex, and it is necessary to check if the training is ethically and legally accurate and appropriate. The training analysis is a prerequisite before (an external) training (provider) can and may start. In this process, the gap between the actual and desired knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the staff is identified. The last step is to assess and determine the training options and to answer whether the chosen training is fit for the intended purpose.
Violence Risk Assessment
Authors: Mistler Lisa A. , Almvik Roger , Fluttert Frans , Lockertsen Øyvind , Hassiotis Angela , Manton Matthew , Pekara Jaroslav 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe complex history of progression from risk prediction to risk assessment of aggression and violence directed at others by clients in mental healthcare and forensic populations is described in this chapter. We briefly summarise risk factors associated with aggression and violence and then present three common methods for risk assessment, noting their strengths and limitations. We describe the evolution of the field of risk assessment, present a particular model called the Early Recognition Model in detail, and describe risk assessment in special populations. At the end of the chapter, we briefly review the current state of research on risk assessment and make recommendations for future research. As with other chapters in this book, we propose moving away from the oversimplified view that only clients are responsible for aggression and violence, proposing that staff members and the environment also contribute considerably. Finally, we recommend an organisational innovation to increase safety and security in clinical mental healthcare.
Variational Models with Eulerian–Lagrangian Formulation Allowing for Material Failure
Authors: Bresciani Marco , Friedrich Manuel , Mora-Corral Carlos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the existence of minimizers of variational models featuring Eulerian–Lagrangian formulations. We consider energy functionals depending on the deformation of a body, defined on its reference configuration, and an Eulerian map defined on the unknown deformed configuration in the actual space. Our existence theory moves beyond the purely elastic setting and accounts for material failure by addressing free-discontinuity problems where both deformations and Eulerian fields are allowed to jump. To do this, we build upon the work of Henao and Mora-Corral regarding the variational modeling of cavitation and fracture in nonlinear elasticity. Two main settings are considered by modeling deformations as Sobolev and SBV-maps, respectively. The regularity of Eulerian maps is specified in each of these two settings according to the geometric and topological properties of the deformed configuration. We present some applications to specific models of liquid crystals, phase transitions, and ferromagnetic elastomers. Effectiveness and limitations of the theory are illustrated by means of explicit examples.
Obstructions to Topological Relaxation for Generic Magnetic Fields
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta-Salas Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For any (analytic) axisymmetric toroidal domain

$$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3$$

Ω
⊂

R

3

we prove that there is a locally generic set of divergence-free vector fields that are not topologically equivalent to any magnetohydrostatic (MHS) state in

$$\Omega $$

Ω

. Each vector field in this set is Morse–Smale on the boundary, does not admit a nonconstant first integral, and exhibits fast growth of periodic orbits; in particular this set is residual in the Newhouse domain. The key dynamical idea behind this result is that a vector field with a dense set of nondegenerate periodic orbits cannot be topologically equivalent to a generic MHS state. On the analytic side, this geometric obstruction is implemented by means of a novel rigidity theorem for the relaxation of generic magnetic fields with a suitably complex orbit structure.