bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with A, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Abacavir, Acetylcysteine (N-acetylcysteine), Aciclovir = Acyclovir (USAN), Adenosine, Adrenaline = Epinephrine (rINN), Albendazole, Alginate compounds (Gaviscon®), Alimemazine (trimeprazine— former BAN and USAN), Alteplase (tissue-type plasminogen activator [rt-PA]), Amikacin, Amiodarone, Amlodipine, Amodiaquine with artesunate, Amoxicillin = Amoxycillin (former BAN), Amphotericin B, Ampicillin, Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (for ROP), Arginine (L-arginine), Artemether with lumefantrine, Aspirin = acetylsalicylic acid (INN), Atosiban, Atracurium, Atropine, and Azithromycin
H
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with H, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, Heparin, Hepatitis B vaccine, Hyaluronidase, Hydralazine, and Hydrocortisone
S
Authors: Ainsworth Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents information on neonatal drugs that begin with S, including use, pharmacology, adverse effects, fetal and infant implications of maternal treatment, treatment, and supply of Salbutamol = Albuterol (USAN), Sildenafil, Skin care and skin sterility, Sodium phenylbutyrate and glycerol phenylbutyrate, Sodium benzoate, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium chloride, Sodium fusidate (fusidic acid), Sodium valproate, Sotalol, Spiramycin, Spironolactone, Stiripentol, Streptokinase, Sucrose, Sulfadiazine = Sulphadiazine (former BAN), Surfactants, and Suxamethonium = Succinylcholine (USAN)
Mechanistic insights into m6A modification of U6 snRNA by human METTL16
Authors: Aoyama Tomohiko , Yamashita Seisuke , Tomita Kozo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine modification at position 43 (m6A43) of U6 snRNA is catalyzed by METTL16, and is important for the 5′-splice site recognition by U6 snRNA during pre-mRNA splicing. Human METTL16 consists of the N-terminal methyltransferase domain (MTD) and the C-terminal vertebrate conserved region (VCR). While the MTD has an intrinsic property to recognize a specific sequence in the distinct structural context of RNA, the VCR functions have remained uncharacterized. Here, we present structural and functional analyses of the human METTL16 VCR. The VCR increases the affinity of METTL16 toward U6 snRNA, and the conserved basic region in VCR is important for the METTL16–U6 snRNA interaction. The VCR structure is topologically homologous to the C-terminal RNA binding domain, KA1, in U6 snRNA-specific terminal uridylyl transferase 1 (TUT1). A chimera of the N-terminal MTD of METTL16 and the C-terminal KA1 of TUT1 methylated U6 snRNA more efficiently than the MTD, indicating the functional conservation of the VCR and KA1 for U6 snRNA biogenesis. The VCR interacts with the internal stem-loop (ISL) within U6 snRNA, and this interaction would induce the conformational rearrangement of the A43-containing region of U6 snRNA, thereby modifying the RNA structure to become suitable for productive catalysis by the MTD. Therefore, the MTD and VCR in METTL16 cooperatively facilitate the m6A43 U6 snRNA modification.
Periprocedural Pain and Outcome Difference of Local Anesthetic vs Mechanodesensitization During Lumbar Facet Blocks for Low Back Pain
Authors: Aleem Bilal , Mubashir Muhammad Muslim , Clark Erin , Vardeh Daniel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare periprocedural pain from mechanodesensitization (MD) with local anesthetic (LA) during medial branch blocks (MBBs), with a secondary outcome to compare diagnostic responses during the five hours postprocedure.MethodsForty-four patients with low back pain underwent three level bilateral MMBs. For the LA technique, 0.5 mL of 1% lidocaine was injected subcutaneously on one side, and for MD the skin was stretched using the index finger and thumb on the other. A 25-gauge 3.5-inch spinal needle was inserted over each target area, and the periprocedural pain was recorded on the numeric rating scale (NRS). After fluoroscopic positioning, the patient’s side preference was recorded. Patients were discharged with a pain diary to record pain scores every 30 minutes for five hours.ResultsDespite reporting higher pain scores with LA vs MD (P = 0.0462, mean difference ± SEM = 0.4924 ± 0.2459), global comparison favored LA. Pain scores with LA dropped from an average baseline of 6.11 to a mean NRS ± SEM of 2.461 ± 0.615, and with MD from 6.11 to 2.599 ± 0.552 (P ≤ 0.001). While there was no significant difference in area under the curve comparison over five hours (P = 0.3341), there was a trend toward lower pain scores with LA use.ConclusionsLA before needle insertion for MBBs appears to be more painful compared with MD. Additionally, subcutaneously administered local anesthetic may have a therapeutic effect on nonspecific low back pain, resulting in a potentially false-positive test in the evaluation of lumbar facet pain.
Thinking Parts and Embodiment
Authors: Tzinman Rina 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to the thinking parts problem, any part sufficient for thought—e.g. a head—is a good candidate for being a thinker, and therefore being us. So we can’t assume that we—thinkers—are (or are constituted by) human beings rather than their proper parts. Many solutions to this problem have been proposed. However, I will show that the views currently on the market all face serious problems. I will then offer a new solution that avoids these problems. The thinking parts problem arises from considerations that seem to be empirically substantiated. One virtue of my solution is that in addition to its theoretical apparatus it appeals to empirically substantiated considerations.
Statin use and myopathy. Not always guilty
Authors: Antoniol Maria N , Moreno Pedro J , Milisenda José C , Selva O’Callaghan Albert , Grau Josep M , Padrosa Joan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Statins are the cornerstone of the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease but have been associated with muscular side effects, among others. If patients are not properly evaluated, statin discontinuation may take place, leaving patients’ symptoms unresolved and precluding an effective cardiovascular treatment. The present study aims to describe the clinical characteristics, the diagnostic process and the final diagnosis of selected patients with suspected statin-induced myopathy, with quite different alternative diagnoses.

Methods
Among the 86 patients referred to our unit for evaluation since 2012, 6 patients with suspected statin-induced myopathy that was finally ruled out were selected as examples because of their illustrative value. All patients were evaluated in a Muscular Diseases Unit by myology experts, and additional testing was performed according to clinical suspicion.

Results
Of the six selected patients with suspected statin-induced myopathy, three had a neurogenic aetiology, two had vacuolar myopathies and one had severe hypothyroidism. Statins were permanently discontinued in two cases, with the treatment of one of the latter patients being continued with a protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor.

Conclusion
Not all patients taking statins who develop muscle complaints have statin-related myopathy. A thorough clinical evaluation and appropriate testing is warranted to avoid an unnecessary increase in cardiovascular risk.
Is Consulting in Your Future?
Authors: Morin Karen 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:
Nurses' expertise, developed over time and through education, positions them to assume new careers such as independent nurse consultants. Although it's an exciting proposition, nurses may not understand what it means to be a consultant, know whether consulting is a good fit for them, or be familiar with how to establish and run a consulting business. This article defines consulting, discusses key competencies, and presents important considerations for starting and running a consulting business. Selected resources to assist in developing skills as a nurse consultant are also provided.
A Diabetes Screening and Educational Event in Rural Alabama
Authors: Brown Lynn Greenleaf , Prather Caitlin 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly urgent public health issue in the United States. Prevention through early detection and education can help decrease the prevalence and complications of the disease. A nursing faculty member and a postgraduate year one pharmacy resident collaborated to provide diabetes screening and education at a local festival in rural Alabama. The prevalence of diabetes in Alabama is approximately 1.6 times higher than the national average. A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test is the gold standard for diabetes diagnosis and is relatively quick and inexpensive. At the event, 38 participants received point of care HbA1c testing, results, and counseling. Seven participants had an HbA1c level of 5.7% to 6.4%, which indicates prediabetes, and one participant had an HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher, which indicates possible diabetes mellitus. Many patients were surprised by their results and by the simplicity of the test. The purpose of this article is to describe a cost-effective interdisciplinary educational event to increase diabetes awareness in a rural community.
Risk of Recurrence and 10-Year Outcomes in Surgically Treated Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Cardiac and Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Yu Nathan Y. , DeWees Todd A. , Alam Mustafa , Ochoa Shari A. , Mangold Aaron R. , Steidley David E. , Vargas Hugo E. , Golafshar Michael A. , Schild Steven E. , Halyard Michele Y. , Patel Samir H. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
To report long-term outcomes of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in immunosuppressed cardiac and liver transplant recipients (CLTR).

Materials and Methods:
The authors reviewed CLTR at the Mayo Clinic in Arizona from 1986 to 2013. Patient and tumor characteristics were recorded. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Patient-specific and lesion-specific analyses were performed. Univariate and multivariate cox regressions were performed for comparisons.

Results:
Seven-hundred and forty-seven patients underwent cardiac (138) or liver (609) transplantation and of these, 97 patients (13%) developed 382 invasive NMSC. The median follow-up was 11 (range, 3 to 27) years for surviving patients. Primary treatment was mainly surgery alone. At 10 years, the local recurrence (LR) rate was 20% (95% confidence interval, 15%-28%), and 14% of patients had multiple LRs. At 10 years, LR rates were higher for T3/T4 tumors when compared with T1/T2 tumors (32.5% vs. 20%, P=0.05). At 10 years, overall survival was 79% (95% confidence interval, 64%-88%). On multivariate analysis, age 61 years and more demonstrated inferior overall survival (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
This is the first study describing the AJCC 8th edition stage-based patterns of recurrence and long-term outcomes of surgically managed NMSC in a large cohort of immunosuppressed CLTRs. T3 and T4 tumors recur more often than early stage tumors. Further study is required to identify factors related to recurrence and guide upfront treatment intensification in this high-risk population.
Six-Week Interval Between Preoperative Radiation and Surgery Is Associated With Fewer Major Wound Complications in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Collier Christopher D. , Su Charles A. , Reich Michael S. , Tu Leigh-Anne , Getty Patrick J. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
A total of 30% to 40% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients develop major wound complications (MWCs) after preoperative radiation (preRT). The optimal preRT-surgery interval and its association with MWCs is unknown. This study investigated whether a longer preRT-surgery interval is associated with fewer MWCs compared with historical controls.

Methods:
All patients treated by a single surgeon after preRT with limb-sparing wide resection for extremity and trunk STS were retrospectively reviewed from 2004 to 2014. The primary outcome was MWCs defined as a secondary operation, invasive procedure, wound packing, or readmission for wound care. Secondary outcomes of local recurrence and survival were followed and independent variables were analyzed for an association with MWCs.

Results:
Fifty-four patients were included with a median follow-up of 32 months and age of 61 years. The majority of tumors were deep (91%), large (median size of 11 cm), high grade (78%) and within the lower extremity (78%). The median preRT-surgery interval was 43 days and 80% of patients received surgery 35 to 49 days after radiation. MWCs were observed in 15% of patients and 88% occurred within 40 days. Predictors for MWCs on multivariate analysis were peripheral vascular disease (P=0.03), location in the medial compartment of the thigh (P=0.03), and neurovascular involvement (P=0.03).

Conclusions:
This study presents a cohort of STS patients with an extended preRT-surgery interval of ~6 weeks. MWCs in this population occurred at a lower rate than historical controls. Overall these findings support the exploration of a longer interval to reduce MWCs and their associated morbidity.
Comprehensive Overview of Available Donor Sites for Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer
Authors: Chang Edward I. , Chu Carrie K. , Hanson Summer E. , Selber Jesse C. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Schaverien Mark V. 
Published: March 2020

Summary:
The field of lymphedema surgery has grown tremendously in recent years. In particular, the diversity of available donor sites for vascularized lymph node transfer has increased, and new donor sites are emerging. Researchers have explored a number of different donor sites, and their reports have demonstrated promising results with each site. Unfortunately, there are limited studies providing a comprehensive analysis of the available donor sites focusing on both the technical aspects of the harvest, including complications and donor site morbidity, and the efficacy and outcomes following transfer. The present review aims to present a comprehensive analysis of the available donor sites for vascularized lymph node transfer and a summary of the experience from a single center of excellence.
ALGINATE versus NPWT in the Preparation of Surgical Excisions for an STSG: ATEC Trial
Authors: Casanova Dominique , Guerreschi Pierre , Sinna Raphael , Bertheuil Nicolas , Philandrianos Cécile , Chignon-Sicard Bérengère , Duteille Franck , Atlan Michael , Rousseau Pascal , Chatellier Gilles , Boucher Fabien , Pham Dang Nathalie , Cambon-Binder Adeline , Michot Audrey , Pluvy Isabelle , Seigle-Murandi Frédéric , Hu Weiguo , Revol Marc 
Published: March 2020

Background:
A calcium alginate dressing (ALGINATE) and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) are frequently used to treat wounds which heal by secondary intention. This trial compared the healing efficacy and safety of these 2 treatments.

Methods:
This randomized, non-inferiority trial enrolled patients who underwent skin excision (>30 cm2), which was left open to heal by secondary intention. They received ALGINATE or NPWT by a centralized randomization. Follow-up was performed weekly until optimal granulation tissue was obtained. The primary outcome was time to obtain optimal granulation tissue for a split thickness skin graft take (non-inferiority margin: 4 days). Secondary outcomes were occurrence of adverse events (AEs) and impact of the treatments on the patient’s daily life.

Results:
ALGINATE and NPWT were applied to 47 and 48 patients, respectively. The mean time to optimal granulation was 19.98 days (95% CI, 17.7–22.3) with ALGINATE and 20.54 (95% CI, 17.6–23.5) with NPWT. Between group difference was −0.56 days (95% CI −4.22 to 3.10). The non-inferiority of ALGINATE versus NPWT was demonstrated. No AE related to the treatment occurred with ALGINATE versus 14 AEs with NPWT. There was no difference in the impact of the treatments on the patient’s daily life.

Conclusion:
This trial demonstrates that ALGINATE has a similar healing efficacy to that of NPWT and that is markedly better with regard to patient safety.
Indocyanine Green Angiography in Breast Reconstruction: Utility, Limitations, and Search for Standardization
Authors: Johnson Ariel C. , Colakoglu Salih , Chong Tae W. , Mathes David W. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
During reconstructive breast surgery, intraoperative assessment of tissue perfusion has been solely based on subjective clinical judgment. However, in the last decade, intraoperative indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) has become an influential tool to visualize blood flow to the tissue of interest. This angiography technique produces real-time blood flow information to provide an objective assessment of tissue perfusion.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search of articles pertaining to ICGA in breast reconstruction surgery was performed. The overall findings of the articles are outlined here by surgical procedure: skin-sparing and nipple-sparing mastectomy, implant-based reconstruction, and autologous reconstruction.

Results:
Overall, there were 133 articles reviewed, describing the use of ICGA in breast reconstruction surgery. We found that ICGA can provide valuable information that aids in flap design, anastomotic success, and perfusion assessment. We also included example photographs and videos of ICGA use at our institution.

Conclusions:
ICGA can reduce postoperative tissue loss and aid in intraoperative flap design and inset. Despite the benefits of ICGA, its technical use and interpretation have yet to be standardized, limiting its widespread acceptance.
The Glaucoma Italian Pediatric Study (GIPSy): The Long-term Effect of Topical Latanoprost on Central Corneal Thickness
Authors: Riva Ivano , Galli Francesca , Biagioli Elena , Rulli Eliana , Longo Antonio , Uva Maurizio G. , Oddone Francesco , Michelessi Manuele , Weinreb Robert N. , Quaranta Luciano 
Published: March 2020

Precis:
Central corneal thickness (CCT) may increase over time in children affected by primary congenital glaucoma and treated with latanoprost for at least 30 months.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate CCT modification over time in a population of primary pediatric glaucoma (PPG) patients prescribed a monotherapy of latanoprost.

Materials and Methods:
The present paper reports the results of a post hoc analysis on patients enrolled in the Glaucoma Italian Pediatric Study (GIPSy). Children affected by PPG, with a postsurgical intraocular pressure between 22 and 26 mm Hg and treated with latanoprost monotherapy for at least 30 months were eligible for the analysis. CCT variation from baseline was investigated over the follow-up using univariable and multivariable longitudinal linear mixed models. The impact of age, sex, and intraocular pressure on CCT variation were evaluated taking into account the interaction of each variable with time.

Results:
Twenty-seven eyes (20 patients) were included in the analysis. Mean duration of latanoprost treatment was 36.6 months (SD 2.5) and mean CCT at baseline was 551 μm (SD 37.7). A significant increase of CCT over time was revealed by multivariable analysis, taking into account the impact of age at baseline and its interaction with time (P=0.03). The interaction between age and time was significant (P=0.04), indicating that older age at baseline was associated with lower increase of CCT over time. No variation of CCT was found in univariable analysis (P=0.28).

Conclusion:
In this population of PPG patients treated with latanoprost for at least 30 months, CCT significantly increased over time, when the impact of age and its interaction with time were considered.
Hippocampal glutamatergic synapses impairment mediated novel-object recognition dysfunction in rats with neuropathic pain
Authors: Xiong Bingrui , Zhang Wen , Zhang Longqing , Huang Xian , Zhou Wenchang , Zou Qian , Manyande Anne , Wang Jie , Tian Yuke , Tian Xuebi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common complications associated with chronic pain. Almost 20% of chronic pain patients suffer from cognitive impairment, which may substantially influence their quality of life. Levels of major excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and alterations in the glutamatergic system may influence cognitive function and the pain sensory pathway. In this study, we adopted the spared nerve injury model to establish the progress of chronic pain and investigated the mechanism underlying the cognitive aspect related to it. At behavioral level, using the novel-object recognition test, mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in peripheral nerve-injured rats because they exhibited recognition deficits. We showed a dramatic decrease in hippocampal glutamate concentration using nuclear magnetic resonance and reduced glutamatergic synaptic transmission using whole-cell recordings. These were associated with deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation of the Schaffer collateral afferent. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography revealed lower levels of D-serine in the hippocampus of the spared nerve injury rats and that D-serine treatment could restore synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction. The reduction of excitatory synapses was also increased by administering D-serine. These findings suggest that chronic pain has a critical effect on synaptic plasticity linked to cognitive function and may built up a new target for the development of cognitive impairment under chronic pain conditions.
Theoretical knowledge and self-assessed ability to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a survey among 3044 healthcare professionals in Sweden
Authors: Silverplats Jennie , Södersved Källestedt Marie-Louise , Wagner Philippe , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Äng Björn , Strömsöe Anneli 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Theoretical knowledge and ability to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are unknown with regard to provided training. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-hospital healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) theoretical knowledge of CPR and their self-assessed ability to perform CPR and also to assess possible affecting factors.

Method
A questionnaire was sent to n = 5323 HCPs containing a nine-question knowledge test and a Likert scale measuring self-assessed ability. A factor score of self-assessed ability and a ratio scale of correct answers were dependent variables in multiple linear regression.

Results
Only 41% of the responding HCPs passed the knowledge test with seven or more correct answers. Nurses had the highest pass rate (50%) and the highest attendance rate at CPR training (56%). The ability to perform defibrillation was strongly agreed by 43% and the ability of leadership by only 7%. Working on a monitored ward, CPR training 0–6 months ago and being a nurse or physician were factors associated with more correct answers and higher ratings of abilities.

Conclusion
The overall theoretical knowledge was poor and ratings of self-assessed abilities to perform CPR were low. Working on a monitored ward, recently attended CPR training and being a nurse or physician were factors associated with higher theoretical knowledge and higher ratings of self-assessed ability to perform CPR. These findings imply prioritisation of CPR training.