bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of nanocellulose from Saba’ (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) banana peel by one-pot oxidation-hydrolysis system
Authors: Saallah Suryani , Roslan Jumardi , Zakaria Nurul Nadjwa , Pindi Wolyna , Siddiquee Shafiquzzaman , Misson Mailin , Ongkudon Clarence M. , Mohd Jamil Nur Hidayah Azmirah , Lenggoro Wuled 
Published: November 2020

In the present study, facile one-pot production of nanocellulose from ripe and unripe Saba’ banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) peel was conducted by utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing agent prior to hydrolysis with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different concentrations (8%, 24% and 40%). Proximate and chemical compositions of the ripe and unripe banana peel (BP) powder were analyzed, followed by physicochemical characterizations of the resulting nanocellulose by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). FTIR analysis has confirmed the successful removal of non-cellulosic components from the BP through the distinguishable spectra of both the ripe and unripe BP powder with the H2O2/H2SO4- treated samples. SEM analysis revealed morphological changes of the BP powder from an irregular structure with a presence of starch granules to lamellar and fibrous structures after the H2O2/H2SO4 treatment and freeze-drying. The size of the nanocellulose is strongly influenced by the concentration of sulfuric acid used. Nanocellulose from ripe BP produced by using the 40% H2SO4 has the smallest size with D50 < 80 nm. These findings suggest the potential of banana peel, an abundant agricultural waste to be valorized into value-added materials with significant economic potentials.
Effect of Different Jackfruit Puree Concentrations on the Mechanical Properties of Jackfruit Frozen Confection
Authors: Mat Johari Amiruddin , Rahman Nur Aliaa Abd , Kadir Basha Roseliza , Samsu Baharudin Azhari , P. Mohammed Mohd Afandi , Talib Ahmad Tarmezee , Wakisata Minato 
Published: November 2020

Jackfruit frozen confection has been mechanically characterised in situ by using compression tests. There are no available studies on the mechanical behaviour of jackfruit frozen confection. The aim of this study is to identify the mechanical properties of jackfruit frozen confections formulated with different concentrations of jackfruit puree. In this study, the experimental analyses are conducted using a compression test device made from LEGO Mindstorms EV3. The portable device is placed inside a freezer to enable the measurements to be done in low temperatures (-20oC). This is to overcome the limitation of an actual texture analyser which can only be operated at room temperature. The mechanical properties of jackfruit frozen confections at different jackfruit puree concentrations (10%, 20% and 30%) are obtained using the tester and analysed. The tests conducted are uniaxial compression, stress relaxation test and multi-step stress relaxation test. It has been observed that frozen confection with 20% jackfruit puree concentration (JF20) is able to withstand a higher force of compression (27.79kPa) compared to the ones with 10% (JF10) and 30% (JF30) concentrations, at 21.15kPa and 10.48kPa, respectively. For stress relaxation test, JF30 has the highest increasing stress for a strain of 0.05 to 0.2 but it decreases at a strain of 0.3 to 0.4. The results of the multi-step relaxation test on JF30 show agreement with the other two tests where the stress decays starting from the 3rd step until the 5th step of the test. This study provides information on the behaviour of jackfruit frozen confection when subjected to compression and stress that imitates the movement during consumption.
ANALISIS STUDI KELAYAKAN USAHA PENDIRIAN HOME INDUSTRY (STUDI KASUS PADA HOME INDUSTRI "OLLANDA BROWNIES" PANAM PEKANBARU)
Authors: Syahsudarmi Siti 
Published: November 2020

Brownis home industry “ollanda” is a new bussines that was founded with is own capital, which is equel to Rp 28.028.000 . The produck produced in the form of brownis with various flavors. This study aims to determine the level of investment of a home industry brownis “ollanda” which is lacated Jl. HR. Soebrantas Panam No. 73D, Tuah Karya, kec. Tampan, Pekanbaru City, Riau 28291. This research was conducted in February 2020 with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and dokumentotion. The methods used are market and marketing aspect, engineering aspect and production aspect . organizational and management aspect as well as financial aspect with investment feasibility calculation in the form of payback period(PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index( PI). Market and marketing analysis shows that the prospect of the “ollanda” brownis home industry is quite good, seen from the increasing number of requests every year. Technical analysis of production show that the lacation of the home industry is close to settlements making it easier to recruit workers. Analisis of organizational and management personal show that bussines oners have carried out management functions well.
Eleomelanite, (K2Pb)Cu4O2(SO4)4, a new mineral species from the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Sidorov Evgeny G. , Britvin Sergey N. , Turchkova Anna G. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The new mineral eleomelanite, (K2Pb)Cu4O2(SO4)4, was found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole on the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with euchlorine, fedotovite, wulffite, chalcocyanite, dolerophanite, dravertite, hermannjahnite, alumoklyuchevskite, klyuchevskite, piypite, cryptochalcite, cesiodymite, anglesite, langbeinite, calciolangbeinite, metathénardite, belomarinaite, aphthitalite, krasheninnikovite, steklite, anhydrite, hematite, tenorite, sanidine, sylvite, halite, lammerite, urusovite, and gold. Eleomelanite occurs as interrupted crusts up to 6 mm across and up to 0.3 mm thick consisting of equant, prismatic, or tabular crystals or grains up to 0.3 mm. It is translucent and black. The luster is oleaginous on crystal faces and vitreous on a cleavage surface. Dcalc is 3.790 g/cm3. Eleomelanite is optically biaxial (–), α 1.646(3), β 1.715(6), γ 1.734(6), 2Vmeas. = 60(15)°. The chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe) is K2O 9.62, Rb2O 0.49, Cs2O 0.24, CaO 1.23, CuO 35.28, PbO 19.25, SO3 34.78, total 100.89. The empirical formula calculated based on 18 O apfu is (K1.88Pb0.79Ca0.20Rb0.05Cs0.02)Σ2.94Cu4.07S3.99O18. Eleomelanite is monoclinic, P21/n, a 9.3986(3), b 4.8911(1), c 18.2293(5) Å, β 104.409(3)°, V 811.63(4) Å3, and Z = 2. The strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 7.38(44)(101), 3.699(78)(112), , 3.173(40)(211), 2.915(35)(114), 2.838(35)(204), , and . The crystal structure was solved using single-crystal XRD data, R1 = 4.78%. It is based on heteropolyhedral Cu–S–O chains composed of Cu-centered polyhedra with [4+1+1] Cu2+ coordination and SO4 tetrahedra. Adjacent Cu–S–O chains are connected via chains of (K,Pb)O8 and KO10 polyhedra. Eleomelanite belongs to a novel structure type but has common structural features with klyuchevskite, alumoklyuchevskite, wulffite, parawulffite, and piypite. The name is derived from the Greek ελαιν (eleon), oil, and μλας (melas), black, due to its black color and oleaginous luster on crystal faces that are uncommon for sulfate minerals.
Adult Training in the Digital Age (trans. Maria Yu. Beletskaya)
Authors: Bode Eckhardt , Gold Robert 
Published: November 2020

Digital technologies will both create new jobs and replace existing ones. To cope with increasing labor market dynamics in the digital age, workers will have to become more mobile across jobs, occupations, and industries. The relative importance of their job-specific skills will decrease while that of their general skills applicable to various occupations will increase. The G20 should establish national adult training programs that focus on improving workers’ general skills, specifically their theoretical, non-cognitive, and digital skills. These general skills will enable workers to work with technology instead of competing with it, thereby increasing their job mobility and employability.(Published as Global Solutions Paper)
A new species, a new combination, and a new record of Crossotarsus Chapuis, 1865 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) from China
Authors: Lai Shengchang , Wang Jianguo , Zhang Ling , Li You 
Published: November 2020

This study describes a new species, Crossotarsus beaveri Lai & Wang, sp. nov., designates a new combination, C. brevis (Browne, 1975, from Platypus Herbst, 1793), comb. nov., and notes a new record, C. emorsus Beeson, 1937, from China. Genetic data from four genes indicate that the new species and C. brevis form a clade clustered with other Crossotarsus species. Molecular phylogeny and morphological characters support their taxonomic placement.
The intentional search for meaning: developing technical editing skills
Authors: Lang Tom 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of technical editing is to prepare specific information, for a specific medium, to help a specific audience, accomplish&nbsp;a specific goal. What defines technical editing is its purpose&mdash;to help readers act&mdash;not the scientific discipline in which it is found.&nbsp;Still, traditions of technical editing differ greatly by subject matter (nuclear physics, field biology), document types (scientific&nbsp;articles, computer user manuals), audiences (regulatory agencies, consumers), and specific publication conventions (writing&nbsp;instruction manuals, documenting experiments). Because technical editing developed in the physical sciences and engineering,&nbsp;the term often refers only to editing in those fields. However, whereas technical editors in industry often enter the profession&nbsp;with degrees in technical communications, editors in other scientific fields typically receive little or no professional training in&nbsp;editing. Accordingly, I describe here four techniques proven to be effective in training technical editors in any branch of science.&nbsp;A basic technique involves applying 12 specific and evidence-based &lsquo;edits&rsquo; that improve comprehension. In an intermediate&nbsp;technique, &lsquo;structured editing,&rsquo; described here for the first time, editors follow a structured process of analysing and revising&nbsp;a text by completing four sequential tasks. An advanced technique&mdash;shortening a 250-word abstract to 100 words without&nbsp;losing content&mdash;will develop critical thinking and sharpen language skills. Finally, I describe a collaborative technique based on&nbsp;&lsquo;deliberate practice,&rsquo; in which a small group of editors discusses a text in detail, in long sessions, over extended periods, to develop&nbsp;a high degree of skill.&nbsp;
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Neghentropia: la Fisica e l’Inizio della Vita
Authors: Dedé A. , Incarbone C. , Campanella M. 
Published: November 2020

Il punto di vista della Fisica, relativamente all’Inizio della Vita, viene illustrato usando (in maniera molto semplice e senza fare uso di formule) concetti quali Calore, Lavoro, Energia, Irreversibilità ed Entropia. In pratica, quando spermatozoo ed ovulo si uniscono avviene un silenzioso ma significativo cambiamento: tramite il loro lillipuziano ‘matrimonio’ i due gameti, entrambi destinati altrimenti a disgregarsi in poche ore, riescono ad invertire la normale, universale tendenza al ‘disordine’ (aumento dell’Entropia, come sancito dal Secondo Principio della Termodinamica) ed avviano un processo ‘a catena’ che trasformerà miliardi di caotiche molecole in un organismo perfettamente funzionante.
Sono anche riportate ulteriori considerazioni sull’argomento: innanzitutto, l’Irreversibilità è messa in relazione con il concetto di Probabilità nonchè la famosa questione della Freccia del Tempo (cioè la sua direzione di scorrimento); secondariamente, le informazioni sul DNA (il Progetto del singolo individuo) vengono chiaramente mostrate come l’unica cosa che effettivamente ‘sopravvive’ dall’iniziale agglomerato di atomi che costituiva la prima cellula; infine, considerando lo sviluppo umano (dal concepimento alla nascita) in termini di Percentuale di Accrescimento Giornaliera si riesce a vedere chiaramente come le prime fasi di vita embrionale risultano essere, in definitiva, le più significative in assoluto.
In pratica, persino la Fisica (apparentemente lontana dalle questioni della Vita e della Morte) può rappresentare una chiara ‘voce’ dalla parte di chi, nel grembo materno, non è ancora in grado di far valere le proprie ragioni: si tratta di un’altra piccola tessera nel vasto mosaico di opinioni, considerazioni, nonchè fatti irrefutabili fortemente a favore della vita umana dal suo effettivo inizio.
Accanimento terapeutico: esperienza in un reparto di cure palliative
Authors: Conti Adelaide , Zaninetta Giovanni 
Published: November 2020

Gli Autori, prendendo spunto da una casistica di pazienti oncologici in fase avanzata, ricoverati e deceduti nell’Hospice Domus Salutis di Brescia nel triennio 1994-96, affrontano il tema dell’accanimento terapeutico nei malati terminali.
La casistica comprendente circa 800 pazienti, esamina oltre alla patologia dei singoli pazienti, la terapia farmacologica globale, comprendente sia le specialità farmaceutiche utilizzate, sia le trasfusioni, le infusioni, le pompe di infusione, l’uso di catetere vescicale, di catetere venoso centrale, di sondino naso-gastrico, di monitor cardiaco, di respiratore e l’effettuazione di manovre rianimatorie in fase terminale.
Affrontando gli aspetti etici e deontologici dell’accanimento terapeutico, esso viene distinto dalla cosiddetta “continuità terapeutica”, in opposizione all’astensionismo terapeutico. Scopo del lavoro è approfondire l’atteggiamento culturale di fronte a tali problematiche e la sua attenzione nella pratica clinica, tenendo conto che la casistica esaminata riguarda uno dei tre soli Hospices esistenti nel nostro Paese.
La diagnosi prenatale preimpianto ed il Magistero della Chiesa cattolica
Authors: Golser Karl 
Published: November 2020

Lo studio riassume quanto l’Enciclica Evangelium Vitae (1995) e la Dichiarazione Donum Vitae della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede 81987) affermano circa la possibilità di una diagnosi prenatale. Il principio al quale questo documenti si rifanno è l’assoluta tutela della vita umana fin dal momento della fecondazione.
Quindi gli esami sono leciti solo in quanto non danneggiano l’embrione o il feto e sono finalizzati e sono finalizzati alla sua terapia, ami alla sua uccisione. Riguardo alla diagnosi preimpianto vengono esaminati un documento dei Vescovi Francesi e uno dei Vescovi Tedeschi, mentre i menzionati documenti pontifici non ne entrano in merito.
Questa possibilità di diagnosi ha una valenza morale diversa, perché finora essa ha avuto una finalità orientata esclusivamente verso la selezione e distruzione di embrioni “difettosi”. Ciò è eugenismo ed è un netto contrasto con il principio della tutela di ogni vita umana.
La teoria della <em>brain birth</em> versus la teoria della <em>brain death</em>: una simmetria impossibile
Authors: Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Minacori Roberta 
Published: November 2020

In simmetria con il paramento cerebrale quale modalità di accertamento della morte, viene proposto da più parti il riferimento alla comparsa di un sistema nervoso funzionante per identificare l’inizio dell’esistenza di un individuo umano. È la cosiddetta teoria della brain birth</> o della nascita cerebrale: ma più esattamente si potrebbe parlare di “teorie”, in quanto molteplici sono state le interpretazioni che ne sono state date.
In questo articolo vengono passate in rassegna le varie teorie della brain birth (di Goldenring Kushner, Burgess, Jones, etc.) e vengono analizzate criticamente le ragioni e le finalità di una tale proposta. Finalità - come è noto – meramente pratiche: si vuole individuare un limite prima del quale è possibile sopprimere o utilizzare l’embrione a scopi sperimentali e attuare così una tutela radualistica dello stesso; ragioni arbitrarie: ridurre l’uomo al suo cervello e il cervello alla capacità di coscientizzare.
Una proposta, quella della brain birth, che manca di fondamento biologico e ontologico e che vuole in modo indebito utilizzare un criterio che accerta il disordine e la disinterazione della morte per individuare l’inizio della vita, che ordine e proressione.
Helmet Fit Assessment and Concussion Risk in Youth Ice Hockey Players: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Gamble Alexander S. D. , Bigg Jessica L. , Sick Stacy , Krolikowski Maciek , Patton Declan A. , Hagel Brent E. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: November 2020

Context
Injury surveillance has shown that concussions are the most common injury in youth ice hockey. Research examining the criteria for ensuring the correct fit of protective equipment and its potential relationship with concussion risk is very limited.

Objective
To evaluate the association between helmet fit and the odds of experiencing a concussion among youth ice hockey players.

Design
Nested case-control within a cohort study.

Setting
Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Patients or Other Participants
Data were collected for 72 concussed, 41 nonconcussion-injured, and 62 uninjured ice hockey players aged 11 to 18 years.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Helmet-fit assessments were conducted across players and encompassed helmet specifications, condition, certification, and criteria measuring helmet fit. Using a validated injury-surveillance system, we identified participants as players with suspected concussions or physician-diagnosed concussions or both. One control group comprised players who sustained nonconcussion injuries, and a second control group comprised uninjured players. Helmet-fit criteria (maximum score = 16) were assessed for the concussed players and compared with each of the 2 control groups. The primary outcome was dichotomous (&gt;1 helmet-fit criteria missing versus 0 or 1 criterion missing). Logistic and conditional logistic regression were used to investigate the effect of helmet fit on the odds of concussion.

Results
The primary analysis (54 pairs matched for age, sex, and level of play) suggested that inadequate helmet fit (&gt;1 criterion missing) resulted in greater odds of sustaining a concussion when comparing concussed and uninjured players (odds ratio [OR] = 2.67 [95% CI = 1.04, 6.81], P = .040). However, a secondary unmatched analysis involving all participants indicated no significant association between helmet fit and the odds of sustaining a concussion when we compared concussed players with nonconcussion-injured players (OR = 0.98 [0.43, 2.24], P = .961) or uninjured players (OR = 1.66 [0.90, 3.05], P = .103).

Conclusions
Inadequate helmet fit may affect the odds of sustaining a concussion in youth ice hockey players. Future investigators should continue to evaluate this relationship in larger samples to inform helmet-fit recommendations.
Requerimiento de unidades calor en el cultivo del amaranto
Authors: García Pereyra J. , Aviña Martínez G. N. , Rubio Garciano R. B. , Medina Medrano R. , Alvarado Gómez O. , Alejandre Inturbide G. 
Published: November 2020

Se analizaron cinco genotipos de amaranto; cuatro de la especie Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.,153-5-3, 655, 653 y Criollo Tlaxcala y uno de la especie Amaranthus cruentus L., 33 en cuatro ambientes, contrastantes en clima y topografía ubicados en el norte de México. Los estudios se efectuaron entre el 15 de agosto de 2000 y el 15 de noviembre de 2002. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue: determinar la interacción genotipo por ambiente (A x G) en el requerimiento de unidades (UC) calor en el desarrollo fenológico del cultivo y el rendimiento de grano (RG). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones para diferentes ambientes. Los resultados indican que para MC (Madurez comercial), Criollo Tlaxcala de A. hypochondriacus fue el de mayor requerimiento con 977 UC en el ambiente A1, en A2; 655, 33,653 presentaron comportamientos estadísticos similares con un requerimiento de 1475 UC cada uno, superando a Criollo Tlaxcala y 153-5-3 que requirieron de 1133 y 1473 UC, en A3 Criollo Tlaxcala fue el de menor requerimiento con 1384 UC, los demás genotipos estadísticamente fueron similares en el requerimiento de UC en promedio con 1568, para A4 los genotipos en estudio presentaron requerimientos en promedio de 315 UC. Los genotipos de mayor RG (p< 0.05) fueron 153-5-3 de A. hypochondriacus en el ambiente A1 con 2144 kg ha-1, en los ambientes A2 y A3 el genotipo 33 con 1637 y 1283 kg ha- 1, para A4 los genotipos 153-5-3 y 653 con y 1539 y 1562 kg ha-1 respectivamente.
Diseño de una Incubadora de Tecnología Intermedia Agrícola, Forestal y Turismo Rural
Authors: Contreras Márquez Araceli Janett , Contreras Márquez Araceli Janett , Magaña Magaña José Eduardo , Villarreal Ramírez Víctor Hugo , Kiessling Davison Christian Mauricio , Escalera Ochoa Laura 
Published: November 2020

La Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas y Forestales -Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua tiene un Centro de Negocios, donde se atiende a emprendedores y empresas, involucrando a profesores y alumnos. No obstante, es necesario que este tenga reconocimiento oficial por la Secretaria de Economía Federal. Es por eso que se propone que este centro sea una Incubadora de tecnología intermedia agrícola, forestal y turismo rural. En nuestro país, el 80% de las empresas que no tienen un adecuado acompañamiento durante su formación, fracasan en el primer año de puesta en marcha, en tanto cuando hay un buen acompañamiento la cifra de éxito se eleva hasta un 93% de permanencia. Factores como, la inseguridad, pobreza, desigualdad, falta de oportunidades educativas, rezagos en el campo, son limitantes que frenan la actividad emprendedora. Para alcanzar este objetivo se desarrolló la metodología establecida por la Secretaría de Economía Federal, que comprende desde la organización en aspectos administrativos, características del proceso de incubación hasta la orientación a emprendedores. Los principales resultados fueron los manuales: Manual de la organización, estructura de la organización, de procedimientos e inducción a emprendedores. Se identificaron los servicios que se ofrecen de acuerdo a la planta de maestros y la infraestructura con que se cuenta. Entre ellos la elaboración de proyectos de inversión, estudios de mercado, corridas financieras, recursos humanos, elaboración de planes estratégicos y mercadotecnia. La conclusión final es que este tipo de Incubadoras promueven el emprendimiento de jóvenes estudiantes, profesores y productores agrícolas, forestales y turismo rural.