bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid paraganglioma: A diagnostic pitfall in thyroid FNA
Authors: Satturwar Swati P. , Rossi Esther D. , Maleki Zahra , Cantley Richard L. , Faquin William C. , Pantanowitz Liron 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThyroid paragangliomas are extremely rare and often are misdiagnosed by preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) because their cytologic features overlap with those of other thyroid neoplasms. The objective of this study was to review the cytomorphology in a series of thyroid paragangliomas and correlate the findings with histopathology.MethodsFive thyroid paraganglioma cases that underwent FNA were reviewed. Their clinical presentation, radiology features, cytomorphology, ancillary tests, and histopathology were analyzed.ResultsAll patients were women with an average age of 49 years (age range, 35‐61 years) and presented with an asymptomatic, solitary thyroid nodule. Radiologically, these nodules (size range, 1.8‐3.0 cm) were well circumscribed, hypoechoic, and hypervascular. FNA smears showed clusters of loosely cohesive, medium‐to‐large epithelioid cells with clear‐to‐eosinophilic and occasionally foamy cytoplasm that had indistinct cytoplasmic borders. The nuclei were round to oval with focal nuclear membrane irregularities, inconspicuous nucleoli, focal marked anisonucleosis, and occasional intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Naked nuclei, variable numbers of plasmacytoid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and sustentacular cells were present in the background along with blood vessels and lymphocytes. Cytology diagnoses were incorrect and included follicular neoplasm (n = 4) and follicular lesion of undetermined significance (n = 1). Final histopathology with immunohistochemistry revealed conventional paraganglioma (n = 3) or sclerosing paraganglioma with invasive features (n = 2).ConclusionsAll thyroid paragangliomas were misdiagnosed on FNA as follicular neoplasms, in part because of the rarity of these tumors in this location and cytomorphology mimicking follicles. The absence of colloid, the presence of naked nuclei, focal marked anisonucleosis, and the presence of sustentacular cells are important cytology clues.
Cell type‐ and layer‐specific convergence in core and shell neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Okigawa Sayumi , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Ito Kei N. , Takeuchi Ryosuke F. , Morimoto Nao , Osakada Fumitaka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver 40 distinct types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) generate parallel processing pathways in the visual system. In mice, two subdivisions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), the core and the shell, organize distinct parallel channels to transmit visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1). To investigate how the dLGN core and shell differentially integrate visual information and other modalities, we mapped synaptic input sources to each dLGN subdivision at the cell‐type level with G‐deleted rabies viral vectors. The monosynaptic circuit tracing revealed that dLGN core neurons received inputs from alpha‐RGCs, Layer 6 neurons of the V1, the superficial and intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the internal ventral LGN, the lower layer of the external ventral LGN (vLGNe), the intergeniculate leaf, the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN), and the pretectal nucleus (PT). Conversely, shell neurons received inputs from alpha‐RGCs and direction‐selective ganglion cells of the retina, Layer 6 neurons of the V1, the superficial layer of the SC, the superficial and lower layers of the vLGNe, the TRN, the PT, and the parabigeminal nucleus. The present study provides anatomical evidence of the cell type‐ and layer‐specific convergence in dLGN core and shell neurons. These findings suggest that dLGN core neurons integrate and process more multimodal information along with visual information than shell neurons and that LGN core and shell neurons integrate different types of information, send their own convergent information to discrete populations of the V1, and differentially contribute to visual perception and behavior.
Exploring a system architecture of content‐based publish/subscribe system for efficient on‐the‐fly data dissemination
Authors: Yoon Daegun , Park Gyudong , Oh Sangyoon 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn a cloud‐scale publish/subscribe messaging system, it is difficult to partition subscription data among several servers. Without a sophisticated scheme and a system architecture, the messaging system would either waste resources or fail to deliver messages on time. In this study, we propose DRDA, a dynamic replication degree adjustment technology, for efficient message delivery. The technology calculates and maintains the number of subscription replications at a reasonable level by monitoring the statuses of servers, based on the number of subscription replications and the frequency of event dissemination. To verify the effectiveness of our proposed scheme and system architecture, we build a prototype of a content‐based publish/subscribe system that dynamically adjusts the number of replications among brokers. Furthermore, we compare the load balance, resource overhead, and performance of a publish/subscribe system with DRDA with a publish/subscribe system without DRDA. The experimental results show that DRDA outperforms other approaches under various parameter configurations. We have added the prototype code to a GitHub repository to make it publicly available.
Time‐to‐detection occupancy methods: performance and utility for improving efficiency of surveys
Authors: Halstead Brian J. , Rose Jonathan P. , Kleeman Patrick M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOccupancy methods propelled the quantitative study of species distributions forward by separating the observation process, or the imperfect detectability of species, from the ecological processes of interest governing species distributions. Occupancy studies come at a cost, however: the collection of additional data to account for nondetections at sites where the species is present. The most common occupancy designs (repeated‐measures designs) require repeat visits to sites or the use of multiple observers or detection methods. Time‐to‐detection methods have been identified as a potentially efficient alternative, requiring only one visit to each site by a single observer. A comparison of time‐to‐detection methods to repeated‐measures designs for visual encounter surveys would allow researchers to evaluate whether time‐to‐detection methods might be appropriate for their study system and can inform optimal survey design. We collected time‐to‐detection data during two different repeated‐measures design occupancy surveys for four amphibians and compared the performance of time‐to‐detection methods to the other designs using the location (potential bias) and precision of posterior distributions for occurrence parameters. We further used results of time‐to‐detection surveys to optimize survey design. Time‐to‐detection methods performed best for species that are widespread and have high detection probabilities and rates, but performed less well for cryptic species with lower probability of occurrence or whose detection was strongly affected by survey conditions. In all cases, single surveys were most efficient in terms of person‐hours expended, but under some conditions the survey duration required to achieve high detection probabilities would be prohibitively long for a single survey. Regardless of occupancy survey design, time‐to‐detection methods provide important information that can be used to optimize surveys, allowing researchers and resource managers to efficiently achieve monitoring and conservation goals. Collecting time‐to‐detection data while conducting repeated‐measures occupancy surveys requires only small modifications to field methods but could have large benefits in terms of time spent surveying in the long term.
Extracorporeal life support as bridge to recovery in yew poisoning: case reports and literature review
Authors: Hermes‐Laufer Julia , Meyer Martin , Rudiger Alain , Henze Julian , Enselmann Kai , Kupferschmidt Hugo , Müller Daniel , Herzog Aline , Bettex Dominique , Keller Dagmar I. , Krüger Bernard , Engeler Judith 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThis short communication aims to review the treatment of cardiogenic shock in patients with yew poisoning based on two case reports from our institution, focusing on the use of extracorporeal life support (ECLS).Methods and resultsWe report two cases of Taxus baccata poisoning treated with ECLS at our institution and review the literature based on a search in PubMed and Google Scholar on the topic of yew poisoning and ECLS. All cases were combined for analysis of demographics, ECLS therapy, and outcome. Case 1: A 35‐year‐old woman developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia followed by cardiovascular arrest 5 h after orally ingesting a handful of yew needles. Successful resuscitation required ECLS for 72 h due to ongoing cardiac arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock. The patient left the hospital without neurological sequelae after 10 days. Case 2: A 30‐year‐old woman developed refractory cardiac arrhythmias and circulatory arrest. Resuscitation included ECLS for 71 h. T. baccata needles found by gastroscopy confirmed the diagnosis. The patient had no neurologic deficits and was transferred to psychiatry after 11 days. Review of the literature: Nine case reports were found and analysed along with our two cases. Five out of the 11 (45%) patients were female. Median (range) age was 28 (19–46) years. T. baccata needles were ingested with a suicidal intention in all patients. Median (range) duration of ECLS was 70 h (24–120 h). Eight (73%) patients had full neurological recovery.ConclusionsYew poisoning is a differential diagnosis in young psychiatric patients presenting with polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and cardiogenic shock. A characteristic cardiac contraction pattern in echocardiography may present a diagnostic clue. The early use of ECLS is a valuable bridge to recovery in most of these patients.
Insights into heart failure hospitalizations, management, and services during and beyond COVID‐19
Authors: Charman Sarah J. , Velicki Lazar , Okwose Nduka C. , Harwood Amy , McGregor Gordon , Ristic Arsen , Banerjee Prithwish , Seferovic Petar M. , MacGowan Guy A. , Jakovljevic Djordje G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2. The clinical presentation of this virus mainly manifests in the respiratory system but may also lead to severe complications in the cardiovascular system. The global burden of COVID‐19 has led to an unprecedented need to gain further insight into patient outcomes, management, and clinical practice. This review aims to provide an overview of the current literature on heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, management, and care pathways for supporting patients during and beyond this pandemic. A literature review of five areas of interest was conducted and included: (i) HF hospitalization; (ii) recognizing the needs and supporting HF patients during COVID‐19; (iii) supporting rehabilitation services; (iv) transitioning to a telehealth framework; and (v) the need for evidence. Patients with new‐onset or existing HF are particularly vulnerable, but a significant reduction in HF hospital admissions has been reported. During these periods of uncertainty, the current care pathways for acute and elective cardiac patients have had to change with the relocation of HF services to protect the vulnerable and reduce transmission of COVID‐19. Optimizing community HF services has the potential to reduce the pressures on secondary care during the recovery from this pandemic. Telemedicine and virtual health care are emerging technologies and overcome the risk of in‐person exposure. Successful remote delivery of cardiac rehabilitation services has been reported during the pandemic. Delivery of a robust telehealth framework for HF patients will improve communication between clinician and patient. The reduction in HF admissions is a concern for the future and may result in unintended mortality. New‐onset and current HF patients must understand their diagnosis and future prognosis and seek help and support using the appropriate platform when needed. Realigning HF services and the use of telemedicine and virtual health care has great potential but needs to be carefully understood to ensure engagement and approval in this population to overcome barriers and challenges.
Heart failure development in obesity: underlying risk factors and mechanistic pathways
Authors: Jamaly Shabbar , Carlsson Lena , Peltonen Markku , Andersson‐Assarsson Johanna C. , Karason Kristjan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPeople with obesity are at risk for developing heart failure (HF), but little is known about the mechanistic pathways that link obesity with cardiac dysfunction.Methods and resultsWe included 2030 participants from the Swedish Obese Subjects study who received conventional obesity treatment. First‐time detection of HF was obtained by cross‐checking the study population with the Swedish National Patient Register and the Swedish Cause of Death Register. We also examined if atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction as time‐dependent variables could predict incident HFThe mean age of the study cohort was 48.7 years, and 28% were men. The mean body mass index at baseline was 40.1 kg/m2 and remained stable during a median follow‐up of 20.1 years. First‐time diagnosis of HF occurred in 266 of patients and was related to male sex, increasing age, greater waist–hip ratio, hypertension, higher cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and elevated free thyroxine in univariable analysis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was negatively related to HF risk. In multivariable analysis, atrial fibrillation, which is related to HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and myocardial infarction, which is linked to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), were strongly associated with incident HF with sub‐hazard ratios 3.75 (95% confidence interval: 2.72–5.18, P < 0.001) and 3.68 (95% confidence interval: 2.55–5.30, P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsBoth atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction as time‐dependent variables were independently and strongly related to incident HF in people with excess body fat, suggesting two main obesity‐related mechanistic pathways leading to either HFpEF or HFrEF.
Crosstalk between the activated Slit2–Robo1 pathway and TGF‐β1 signalling promotes cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Liu Yunqi , Yin Ziwei , Xu Xueqin , Liu Chen , Duan Xiaoying , Song Qinlan , Tuo Ying , Wang Cuiping , Yang Jing , Yin Shengli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsPrevious reports indicated that the Slit2–Robo signalling pathway is involved in embryonic heart development and fibrosis in other solid organs, but its function in adult cardiac fibrosis has not been investigated. Here, we investigate the role of the Slit2–Robo1 signalling pathway in cardiac fibrosis.Methods and resultsThe right atrial tissue samples were obtained from patients with valvular heart disease complicated by atrial fibrillation during heart valve surgery and from healthy heart donors. The fibrotic animal model is created by performing transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. The Robo1, Slit2, TGF‐β1, and collagen I expression levels in human and animal samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Echocardiography measured the changes in heart size and cardiac functions of animals. Angiotensin II (Ang II), Slit2‐siRNA, TGF‐β1‐siRNA, recombinant Slit2, and recombinant TGF‐β1 were transfected to cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) respectively to observe their effects on collagen I expression level. The right atrial appendage of patients with valvular heart disease complicated by atrial fibrillation found significantly up‐regulated Slit2, Robo1, TGF‐β1, and collagen I expression levels. TAC surgery leads to heart enlargement, cardiac fibrosis, and up‐regulation of Slit2, Robo1, TGF‐β1, and collagen I expression levels in animal model. Robo1 antagonist R5 and TGF‐β1 antagonist SB431542 suppressed cardiac fibrosis in TAC mice. Treatment with 100 nM Ang II in CFs caused significantly increased Slit2, Robo1, Smad2/3, TGF‐β1, collagen I, PI3K, and Akt expression levels. Transfecting Slit2‐siRNA and TGF‐β1‐siRNA, respectively, into rat CFs significantly down‐regulated Smad2/3 and collagen I expression, inhibiting the effects of Ang II. Recombinant Slit2 activated the TGF‐β1/Smad signalling pathway in CFs and up‐regulated Periostin, Robo1, and collagen I expression.ConclusionsThe Slit2–Robo1 signalling pathway interfered with the TGF‐β1/Smad pathway and promoted cardiac fibrosis. Blockade of Slit2–Robo1 might be a new treatment for cardiac fibrosis.
Different Ratios of Corn and Coconut Oil Blends in High‐Fat Diets Influence Fat Deposition without Altering Metabolic Biomarkers in Male Rats
Authors: Voon Phooi Tee , Yong Xiou Shuang , Phang Lai Yee , Ng Tong Kok Wai , Lee Verna Kar Mun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of high‐fat diets with the recommended dietary linoleic acid (LA) intake levels on health outcomes have not been studied extensively. This study investigated the effects of high‐fat diets containing different weight ratios of coconut and corn oil with LA levels of <1.00% of energy (very low LA), 2.80% of energy (low LA), 5.80% of energy (moderate LA), and 9.70% of energy (high LA) on fat deposition and selected metabolic biomarkers of male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Their initial and terminal body weights are recorded. Blood, adipose tissue, and liver samples are obtained for analysis after an 8‐week feeding intervention. Compared with the very low‐LA diet, the high‐LA diet resulted in higher body weight gain and epididymal fat deposition. No significant differences are observed in liver‐to‐body weight ratio, blood glucose, visfatin, and leptin levels between the test diets. Serum tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), insulin, and C‐peptide levels do not significantly increase with the increase in dietary LA levels. High‐LA diet results in higher LA levels in the liver and adipose tissue. It is concluded that a high‐fat diet containing high LA levels induced body weight gain and epididymal fat deposition in rats but has no effect on selected metabolic biomarkers.Practical applications: Linoleic acid (LA) (C18:2) plays an important role as one of the nutritional elements to meet the daily essential fatty acid requirements. However, a full understanding is perplexed by the various ways that LA can be included in the diet when there is a recommendation to substitute saturated fatty acid (SFA), trans‐ or n‐3 fatty acids intake. The data provide additional findings on the effects of excessive dietary intake of LA (C18:2) on fat deposition when different levels of SFAs are replaced.
Graphene for hydrogen energy storage ‐ A comparative study on GO and rGO employed in a modified reversible PEM fuel cell
Authors: Jindal Himanshu , Oberoi Amandeep Singh , Sandhu Inderjeet Singh , Chitkara Mansi , Singh Baljit 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe present an experimental investigation on graphene for electrochemical hydrogen storage when employed in a modified reversible polymer electrolyte membrane (MRPEM) fuel cell. Synthesis of graphene nanomaterial is performed to obtain graphene oxide (GO) using the modified Hummers method. Oxides in GO are reduced to get reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using Cedrus deodara (CD) tree's leaf extract. Physical characterisation of the prepared GO and CD‐rGO is done to ascertain their properties, viz, internal pore surface area, average pore diameter, etc. Solid electrodes are fabricated from the prepared powdered samples of GO and CD‐rGO, and later tested in an MRPEM fuel cell. Electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of GO and CD‐rGO is found to be 1.21 and 2.7 wt%, respectively. It is successfully demonstrated that hydrogen ions could be stored in a porous graphene electrode and recovered back. The obtained results are analysed to draw a relation between physical characteristics of graphene and electrochemical hydrogen adsorption. It is found that higher internal pore surface area attracts more hydrogen storage in ionic form. This research work is a maiden attempt to show, experimentally, the physical/chemical adsorption of hydrogen in graphene when employed in a reversible PEM fuel cell. This surely could contribute towards the development of a safe and efficient alternate powering source with many potential applications.
Nonvolatile taste compounds of Shanghai smoked fish: A novel three stages control techniques
Authors: Zhou Yu , Chen Shunsheng , Wang Xichang , Zhang Hongcai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, the effect of processing stages including first soaking (FS), frying after first soaking (FFS), and second soaking (SS) on nonvolatile taste compounds of Shanghai smoked fish was investigated using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and automatic amino acid analyzer. Results showed that the contents of free amino acids (FAAs) ranged from 396.94 to 585.79 mg/100 g and 5′‐inosine monophosphate (IMP, as main umami nucleotide) from 215.91 to 284.56 mg/100 g in Shanghai smoked fish, respectively. Moreover, the contents of Glu and Gly as main umami amino acids ranged from 1.64 to 107.32 mg/100 g and 61.61 to 108.88 mg/100 g, respectively. TAV values of IMP, Asp, and Glu in Shanghai smoked fish reached 11.38, 2.73, and 21.46, respectively. The obvious difference could be observed using principal component analysis (PCA) in three processing stages of Shanghai smoked fish. Therefore, probing into the nonvolatile flavor of Shanghai smoked fish could not only enrich the theoretical basis of flavor chemistry in freshwater fish fields, but probe into the formation mechanisms of taste compounds in further study.
Brain functional connectivity dynamics at rest in the aftermath of affective and cognitive challenges
Authors: Gaviria Julian , Rey Gwladys , Bolton Thomas , Delgado Jaime , Van De Ville Dimitri , Vuilleumier Patrik 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCarry‐over effects on brain states have been reported following emotional and cognitive events, persisting even during subsequent rest. Here, we investigated such effects by identifying recurring co‐activation patterns (CAPs) in neural networks at rest with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We compared carry‐over effects on brain‐wide CAPs at rest and their modulation after both affective and cognitive challenges. Healthy participants underwent fMRI scanning during emotional induction with negative valence and performed cognitive control tasks, each followed by resting periods. Several CAPs, overlapping with the default‐mode (DMN), salience, dorsal attention, and social cognition networks were impacted by both the preceding events (movie or task) and the emotional valence of the experimental contexts (neutral or negative), with differential dynamic fluctuations over time. Temporal metrics of DMN‐related CAPs were altered after exposure to negative emotional content (compared to neutral) and predicted changes in subjective affect on self‐reported scores. In parallel, duration rates of another attention‐related CAP increased with greater task difficulty during the preceding cognitive control condition, specifically in the negative context. These findings provide new insights on the anatomical organization and temporal inertia of functional brain networks, whose expression is differentially shaped by emotional states, presumably mediating adaptive homeostatic processes subsequent to behaviorally challenging events.