bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencia de los parámetros biomecánicos en el rendimiento y la economía de corredores de fondo aficionados
Authors: Ogueta-Alday A. , Morante J.C. , Rodríguez-Marroyo J.A. , Villa J.G. , García-López J. 
Published: August 2020

Los objetivos de este estudio son analizar la relación entre las variables biomecánicas, la economía de carrera y el rendimiento en corredores de fondo aficionados. Además, determinar si existe algún cambio en los parámetros biomecánicos coincidente con el umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio. Participaron 10 corredores de fondo aficionados realizando: Antropometría, batería de saltos verticales, prueba de economía de carrera y prueba de consumo máximo de oxígeno. Estas últimas realizadas en tapiz rodante, registrándose parámetros fisiológicos (ventilatorios y frecuencia cardiaca) y biomecánicos (tiempos de contacto y de vuelo, frecuencia y amplitud de zancada, “duty factor”). Por primera vez, se ha observado una relación entre parámetros biomecánicos espacio-temporales de la carrera (frecuencia y amplitud de zancada), el rendimiento y la economía de carrera. Además, se ha comprobado que la aparición del umbral anaeróbico ventilatorio se encuentra relacionada con cambios en la biomecánica de la carrera (fundamentalmente “duty factor” y amplitud de zancada). Las relaciones encontradas entre las variables antropométricas y de salto, economía de carrera y rendimiento están en consonancia con las mencionadas en estudios previos, así como que la relación entre la economía de carrera y el rendimiento. Futuros trabajos deberían realizarse en corredores de mayor nivel para contrastar estos hallazgos.
The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between running biomechanics, running economy and performance in recreational long distance runners. Additionally, determine if there is any change in running biomechanical parameters that coincides with the anaerobic threshold. Ten recreational runners performed an anthropometric evaluation, a battery of vertical jumps, a running economy test and a maximal incremental test. Both running tests were performed in a treadmill, registering simultaneously physiological (ventilation and heart rate) and biomechanical (contact and flight times, stride length and rate, “duty factor”) parameters. A relationship between running biomechanics (step length and rate), running economy and performance was obtained. Furthermore, the appearance of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold was related with changes in running biomechanics (mainly with “duty factor” and step length). The relationships between anthropometry and vertical jumps’ parameters, running economy and performance still consistent with those identified in previous studies, as well as the relationship between running economy and performance. Future studies should be done with a higher level sample to contrast these findings.
Deposición electroforética de cerámica en polímeros
Authors: Fleckenstein C. , Mochales C. , Müller W.-D. 
Published: August 2020

El interés por la deposición electroforética (EPD) de la cerámica o compuestos de cerámica ha aumentado mucho debido a la posibilidad de crear bloques de cerámica en verde con varias características interesantes para aplicaciones biomédicas, por ejemplo, cerámicas porosas y/o laminadas con un gradiente de funcionalidad. A fin de obtener una buena deposición de cerámica es necesario el uso de electrodos de elevada conductividad. Los metales con alta conductividad se utilizan comúnmente para esta aplicación. En este trabajo se propone el uso de polímeros de bajo coste, no conductores, como electrodos. Para aumentar su conductividad, los electrodos de polímero se recubrieron mediante sputtering con oro o carbono. El aumento de la conductividad obtenido permite la deposición de diversas cerámicas ampliamente utilizadas en la productos dentales y ortopédicos, como son la zirconia estabilizada con ytria (Y-TZP), la alúmina o la hidroxiapatita (HA).
The interest in electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of ceramics or ceramic composites has widely increased due to the possibility to create green bodies with several interesting characteristics for biomedical applications, for instance porous and/or laminated functionally graded ceramics. In order to get a good ceramic deposition the use of high conductive electrodes is required. Metals with high conductivity are commonly used for this purpose. In this work, the use of low cost non conductive polymers as electrodes is proposed. To increase their conductivity, these polymer electrodes were sputtered with gold or carbon. The conductivity increase obtained by the sputtering allowed the deposition of different ceramics widely used in the dental and orthopaedic industry, as yttria stabilised tetragonal zirconia particles (Y-TZP), alumina and hydroxyapatite (HA).
Comportamiento reológico de geles biodegradables para aplicacions en medicina regenerativa
Authors: Reyes Ortega F. , Rodríguez G. , Rosa Aguilar M. , García-Sanmartín J. , Martínez A. , San Román J. 
Published: August 2020

Resumen
Los hidrogeles (HG) poliméricos son redes macromoleculares tridimensionales constituidas por
elementos básicos conectados entre sí física o químicamente e hinchados por un disolvente. Los HG
poliméricos tienen múltiples aplicaciones, entre ellas su utilización en el desarrollo de materiales para
regeneración de tejidos gracias a su alta biocompatibilidad y su uso frecuentemente como sistemas de
liberación de fármacos debido a su capacidad para retener líquidos y compuestos bioactivos. En este
trabajo se han preparado HG poliméricos formados por dos componentes altamente biocompatibles
como son la gelatina y el ácido hialurónico, estabilizados con distintas concentraciones de genipina,
consiguiendo diferentes grados de entrecruzamiento. Para comprobar la resistencia mecanodinámica
y la estabilidad de estos hidrogeles, se realizaron ensayos termogravimétricos, estudios reológicos
y estudios de hinchamiento de los mismos utilizando distintos medios tamponados. El uso de estos
HG como sistema portador de fármacos se ha ensayado en un modelo experimental in vivo de ratón,
utilizando el péptido N-terminal de 20 aminoácidos de la proadrenomedulina (PAMP) que posee
propiedades angiogénicas, re-epitalizantes y antimicrobianas.
Abstract
Hydrogels (HG) are polymeric three-dimensional macromolecular networks formed by basic
elements physically or chemically interconnected and swollen by a solvent. Polymeric HG have
multiple applications, including their use in developing materials for tissue regeneration due to their
excellent biocompatibility and their frequent use as drug delivery systems because of their ability
to hold liquids and bioactive compounds. In this work, polymeric HG have been prepared with two
highly biocompatible components such as gelatin and hyaluronic acid, stabilized with different
concentrations of genipin, achieving different degrees of crosslinking. The mechanodynamic resistance
and the stability of these hydrogels were tested with thermogravimetric assays, rheological tests and
swelling measurements using various buffered media. The use of these HG as a drug carrier system
has been tested in an experimental in vivo mouse model, using the 20 aminoacid N-terminal peptide
of proadrenomedullin (PAMP) with angiogenic, antimicrobial and re-epithelizing properties.
Variables antropométricas, fisiológicas y bimecáni- cas determinantes del rendimiento en corredores de media maratón
Authors: Ogueta-Alday A. , Rodríguez-Marroyo J.A. , García-López J. 
Published: August 2020

El objetivo es analizar la influencia de los factores antropométricos, fisiológicos y biomecánicos en el rendimiento de carreras de fondo. Participaron 48 corredores clasificados en 4 niveles según rendimiento en media maratón (hh:mm:ss): Grupo 1 (n=11, <1:10:00), Grupo 2 (n=13, <1:20:00), Grupo 3 (n=13, <1:30:00), Grupo 4 (n=11, <1:45:00). Realizaron una valoración antropométrica, prueba submáxima de economía de carrera y prueba máxima de VO2max. Estas últimas realizadas en tapiz rodante, registrándose parámetros fisiológicos y biomecánicos (análisis espacio-temporal). Se observaron diferencias entre grupos y correlaciones con el rendimiento en ciertas variables ligadas al entrenamiento (años de experiencia y kilómetros semanales), antropométricas (masa, IMC y sumatorio de pliegues), fisiológicas (VO2max, umbral anaeróbico y economía de carrera) y biomecánicas (tiempos de contacto en prueba submáxima; tiempos de contacto y amplitudes de zancada en prueba máxima). Las diferencias en los tiempos de contacto podrían explicarse por los distintos patrones de pisada de los corredores (talonadores vs planta entera/antepié), velocidad a la que se obtuvieron las variables fisiológicas (umbrales y VO2max) y, en menor medida, por el nivel de rendimiento. Así, a excepción de la amplitud de zancada, el resto de variables biomecánicas han mostrado ser poco sensibles al rendimiento obtenido en esta disciplina.
The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of anthropometric, physiological and biomechanical factors on long-distance running performance. Forty-eight runners participated in the study and were classified into 4 groups according to their performance level in half-marathon (hh:mm:ss): Group 1 (n=11, <1:10:00), Group 2 (n=13, <1:20:00), Group 3 (n=13, <1:30:00), Group 4 (n=11, <1:45:00). They performed an anthropometric evaluation, a submaximal running economy test and a maximal incremental test. Both running test were performed on a treadmill, registering simultaneously physiological and biomechanical (spatio-temporal) parameters. Significant differences between groups and correlations with performance were obtained with training-related variables (experience and km/week), anthropometrics (mass, BMI and sum of skinfolds), physiological (VO2max, anaerobic threshold and running economy) and biomechanical (contact times in submaximal test; contact times and step length in incremental test). Differences in contact times could be explained by the different runners’ foot strike patterns (rearfoot vs midfoot/forefoot), speed where physiological variables were obtained (thresholds and VO2max), and to a less extend, to performance level. Thus, except from step length, the rest of biomechanical variables have shown to be not very sensitive to long-distance running performance.
Caracterización de gomas elásticas para su uso en sistemas elásticos tensores, una nueva técnica para corregir la luxación patelar canina
Authors: Guindal E.P. , Musté M.R. , Vázquez J.J. , Villasevil Marco Francisco Javier 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta el estudio y viabilidad de una nueva técnica para el tratamiento de las luxaciones de rótula canina denominada sistemas elásticos tensores. Los sistemas elásticos sirven para corregir desviaciones óseas por luxación de rodilla canina mediante esfuerzos aplicados a la articulación por mecanismos tensores fijados externamente a la articulación. Primero se caracteriza el material usado en la técnica y luego se describe la biomecánica del conjunto para alcanzar su objetivo funcional. La técnica consiste en el enclavamiento de dos agujas de Kirschner con rosca cerca de la articulación, una en el fémur distal y otra en la tibia proximal, unidas por un elemento tensor que produce un momento angular contrario a la desviación por luxación. Caracterizada la rigidez de los elementos tensores, el sistema se implantó en dos pacientes de distintas razas de perros con luxaciones de rótula medial de grado III, intervenidos en el Hospital Clínic Veterinari de la UAB. No se pudieron concluir los protocolos postoperatorios por complicaciones ajenas, pero los primeros resultados muestran mejoras tanto en la corrección de la desviación tibial, como en la funcionalidad de la marcha del perro. Son necesarios más casos clínicos para obtener datos concluyentes.
This article proposes a new technique for treating canine patellar luxation, called elastic tensioning system. The aim is to analyze the biomechanics of the system to achieve its functional purpose and describe the behavior of the most important component, the elastomer, by the characterization of their mechanical properties. The elastic system corrects the luxation deviation by forces applied to the femorotibial joint through tensioning mechanisms fixed externally to the joint. The technique involves the interlocking of two Kirschner wire near the joint, one in the distal femur, and the other one in the proximal tibia, joined by a tensioning element that produces a torque opposite to the angular deviation of the luxation. Elastomers are subjected to mechanical tests to find their stiffness. The system has been implemented in two different dog breeds with grade III of medial patellar luxation. Elastomers effectively produce a torque, tending to align the extensor mechanism as predicted in the biomechanical study. Early results show improvements in both, tibial offset correction and dog’s gait functionality.Tt is necessary to implement the system in different clinical cases to validate the technique.
If Schools Didn't Exist
Authors: Christie Nils 
Published: August 2020

A classic in the philosophy of education, considering the fundamental purpose and function of schools, translated into English for the first time.
This classic 1971 work on the fundamental purpose and function of schools belongs on the same shelf as other landmark works of the era, including Ivan Illich's Deschooling Society, Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed, and John Holt's How Children Fail. Nils Christie's If School Didn't Exist, translated into English for the first time, departs from these works by not considering schooling (and deschooling) as much as schools and their specific community and social contexts. Christie argues that schools should be proving grounds for how to live together in society rather than assembly lines producing future citizens and employees.
Christie presents three examples of schools in different settings—a French village school that became the bedrock of its community; federal government–run schools for Native Americans that facilitated the experience of inferiority; and a British secondary school that reinforced class stratification. He considers the school's function as a storage space (for an unproductive segment of society), as a means for differentiation (based on merit), and as distributor of knowledge. He introduces the idea of the school-society, a self-governing body of students, teachers, parents, and community; and he offers a vision of a society based on normalizing the needs and values of local communities.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Clinical Efficacy of Mesenteric Lift to Relieve Constipation in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Authors: Berry James A.D. , Ogunlade John , Kashyap Samir , Berry Daniel K. , Wacker Margaret , Miulli Daniel E. , Saini Harneel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Context
Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have multiple autonomic disturbances that interfere with normal gastrointestinal motility. Many of the pharmacologic agents used in the intensive care unit (ICU) also adversely affect gastrointestinal motility. The body is further subjected to excessive levels of sympathetic discharge in states of traumatic injury and extreme stress, which can interfere with the proper absorption of fluids and nutrients.

Objective
To determine whether mesenteric lift, an osteopathic manipulative treatment technique, is effective in relieving constipation in patients with TBI who are intubated in the ICU.

Methods
This retrospective medical record review examined the effect of mesenteric lift on intubated patients with significant TBI who were unable to have a bowel movement within 72 hours of admission. The primary endpoint was the return of normal bowel function within 24 hours. A control group consisted of intubated patients with TBI during the same period who did not receive mesenteric lift.

Results
Of patients who received mesenteric lift, 77% experienced bowel movements (n=27 of 35), compared with 36% (n=16 of 44) in the control group (P=.01).

Conclusion
The application of mesenteric lift to intubated patients with severe TBI in the intensive care unit significantly increased patients’ ability to resume normal bowel function and expel waste.
OBAMA: OBAMA for Bayesian amino-acid model averaging
Authors: Bouckaert Remco R. 
Published: August 2020

Background
Bayesian analyses offer many benefits for phylogenetic, and have been popular for analysis of amino acid alignments. It is necessary to specify a substitution and site model for such analyses, and often an ad hoc, or likelihood based method is employed for choosing these models that are typically of no interest to the analysis overall.

Methods
We present a method called OBAMA that averages over substitution models and site models, thus letting the data inform model choices and taking model uncertainty into account. It uses trans-dimensional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposals to switch between various empirical substitution models for amino acids such as Dayhoff, WAG, and JTT. Furthermore, it switches base frequencies from these substitution models or use base frequencies estimated based on the alignment. Finally, it switches between using gamma rate heterogeneity or not, and between using a proportion of invariable sites or not.

Results
We show that the model performs well in a simulation study. By using appropriate priors, we demonstrate both proportion of invariable sites and the shape parameter for gamma rate heterogeneity can be estimated. The OBAMA method allows taking in account model uncertainty, thus reducing bias in phylogenetic estimates. The method is implemented in the OBAMA package in BEAST 2, which is open source licensed under LGPL and allows joint tree inference under a wide range of models.
Survival, growth and carbon content in a forest plantation established after a clear-cutting in Durango, Mexico
Authors: Soto-Cervantes Jesús Alejandro , Carrillo-Parra Artemio , Rodríguez-Laguna Rodrigo , Corral-Rivas José Javier , Pompa-García Marín , Dominguez-Calleros Pedro Antonio 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundForest plantations play an important role in carbon sequestration, helping to mitigate climate change. In this study, survival, biomass, growth rings and annual carbon content storage were evaluated in a mixedPinus durangensisandP. cooperiplantation that was established after a clear-cutting. The plantation is eight years old and covers an area of 21.40 ha.MethodsSixteen sites of 100 m2were distributed randomly. At each site, two trees distributed proportionally to the diametric categories were destructively sampled (one per tree species). Two cross-sections were cut from each tree: The first at the base of the stump and the second at 1.30 m. The width of tree rings of the first cross-section was measured using a stereoscopic microscope with precision in microns (µm). The year-by-year basal diameter of each tree was recorded and biomass and carbon content was estimated using allometric equations.ResultsThe estimated survival was 75.2%. The results of the ANOVA showed significant differences between the year-by-year width records of tree rings, the highest value corresponding to the fifth year. The average carbon sequestration per year is 0.30 kg for both studied tree species.ConclusionsP. durangensisandP. cooperiplantations adapt and develop well in Durango forests when they are established in areas that are subjected to clear-cutting.
Proteins from Lignosus tigris with selective apoptotic cytotoxicity towards MCF7 cell line and suppresses MCF7-xenograft tumor growth
Authors: Kong Boon Hong , Teoh Kean Hooi , Tan Nget Hong , Tan Chon Seng , Ng Szu Ting , Fung Shin Yee 
Published: August 2020

Background
Lignosus tigris, a recently discovered species of the unique Lignosus family, has been traditionally used by the indigenous communities in Peninsular Malaysia to treat various ailments and as an alternative medicine for cancer treatment. The L. tigris cultivar sclerotia (Ligno TG-K) was found to contain numerous bioactive compounds with beneficial biomedicinal properties and the sclerotial extract exhibited potent antioxidant activity. However, the anticancer property of the Ligno TG-K including in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects as well as its anticancer active compounds and the mechanisms has yet to be investigated.

Methods
The cytotoxicity of the Ligno TG-K against human breast (MCF7), prostate (PC3) and lung (A549) adenocarcinoma cell lines was evaluated using MTT cytotoxicity assay. The cytotoxic mechanisms of the active high molecular weight proteins (HMWp) fraction were investigated through detection of caspases activity and apoptotic-related proteins expression by Western blotting. The in vivo antitumor activity of the isolated HMWp was examined using MCF7 mouse xenograft model. Shotgun LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the proteins in the HMWp.

Results and Discussion
Cold water extract of the sclerotia inhibited proliferation of MCF7, A549 and PC3 cells with IC50 ranged from 28.9 to 95.0 µg/mL. Bioassay guided fractionation of the extract revealed that HMWp exhibited selective cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells via induction of cellular apoptosis by the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic signaling pathways. HMWp activated expression of caspase-8 and -9 enzymes, and pro-apoptotic Bax protein whilst inhibiting expression of tumor survivor protein, Bcl-2. HMWp induced tumor-cell apoptosis and suppressed growth of tumor in MCF-7 xenograft mice. Lectins, serine proteases, RNase Gf29 and a 230NA deoxyribonuclease are the major cytotoxic proteins that accounted for 55.93% of the HMWp.

Conclusion
The findings from this study provided scientific evidences to support the traditional use of the L. tigris sclerotia for treatment of breast cancer. Several cytotoxic proteins with high abundance have been identified in the HMWp of the sclerotial extract and these proteins have potential to be developed into new anticancer agents or as adjunct cancer therapy.