bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding hotspots: development of an adaptive spatial sampling approach
Authors: Andrade-Pacheco Ricardo , Rerolle Francois , Lemoine Jean , Hernandez Leda , Meïté Aboulaye , Juziwelo Lazarus , Bibaut Aurélien F. , van der Laan Mark J. , Arnold Benjamin F. , Sturrock Hugh J. W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe identification of disease hotspots is an increasingly important public health problem. While geospatial modeling offers an opportunity to predict the locations of hotspots using suitable environmental and climatological data, little attention has been paid to optimizing the design of surveys used to inform such models. Here we introduce an adaptive sampling scheme optimized to identify hotspot locations where prevalence exceeds a relevant threshold. Our approach incorporates ideas from Bayesian optimization theory to adaptively select sample batches. We present an experimental simulation study based on survey data of schistosomiasis and lymphatic filariasis across four countries. Results across all scenarios explored show that adaptive sampling produces superior results and suggest that similar performance to random sampling can be achieved with a fraction of the sample size.
Somatic copy number profiling from hepatocellular carcinoma circulating tumor cells
Authors: Court Colin M. , Hou Shuang , Liu Lian , Winograd Paul , DiPardo Benjamin J. , Liu Sean X. , Chen Pin-Jung , Zhu Yazhen , Smalley Matthew , Zhang Ryan , Sadeghi Saeed , Finn Richard S. , Kaldas Fady M. , Busuttil Ronald W. , Zhou Xianghong J. , Tseng Hsian-Rong , Tomlinson James S. , Graeber Thomas G. , Agopian Vatche G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSomatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are important genetic drivers of many cancers. We investigated the feasibility of obtaining SCNA profiles from circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a molecular liquid biopsy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CTCs from ten HCC patients underwent SCNA profiling. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) SCNA data were used to develop a cancer origin classification model, which was then evaluated for classifying 44 CTCs from multiple cancer types. Sequencing of 18 CTC samples (median: 4 CTCs/sample) from 10 HCC patients using a low-resolution whole-genome sequencing strategy (median: 0.88 million reads/sample) revealed frequent SCNAs in previously reported HCC regions such as 8q amplifications and 17p deletions. SCNA profiling revealed that CTCs share a median of 80% concordance with the primary tumor. CTCs had SCNAs not seen in the primary tumor, some with prognostic implications. Using a SCNA profiling model, the tissue of origin was correctly identified for 32/44 (73%) CTCs from 12/16 (75%) patients with different cancer types.
Meta-analysis of the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and A1298C polymorphism and venous thromboembolism in the Caucasian and Asian
Authors: Gao Miao , Feng Na , Zhang Meixia , Ti Xinyu , Zuo Xiuping 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recent years, it is a highly debated topic that whether methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and A1298C polymorphism could increase susceptibility to venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the Asian and Caucasian. Therefore, we expect to settle that controversy evidentially. Basic methods: Electronic databases (Pubmed, embase, Cochrane library, scopus, OvidSP, Wiley Online library, Springer link, EBSCO, Elsevier Science Direct, Google scholar) without date limitation were searched. Crude odds ratio (OR) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to assess the association quantitatively. Finally, a total of 37 eligible studies were included, containing 31 for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and 6 for MTHFR A1298C polymorphism. The pooled results suggested that MTHFR C677T mutation may increase susceptibility to VTE in reverse recessive model (CC+CT vs TT): OR = 0.68 (0.56, 0.83), reverse dominant model (CC vs CT +TT): OR = 0.82 (0.72, 0.94), heterozygote model (CT vs TT): OR = 0.65 (0.52, 0.81), homozygote model (CC vs TT): OR = 0.73 (0.60, 0.89) and allele model (C vs T): OR = 0.80 (0.71, 0.90). Subgroup analysis about Asian also support that results, but Caucasian group not. In addition, MTHFR A1298C polymorphism may be not related to VTE in all genetic model. The results of meta-analysis indicated that MTHFR C677T polymorphism might increase the risk of VTE, especially in Asian population.
Stability analysis and experimental validation of the supercapacitor‐assisted low‐dropout regulator
Authors: Subasinghage Kasun , Gunawardane Kosala , Kularatna Nihal 
Published: July 2020

The supercapacitor‐assisted low‐dropout (SCALDO) regulator is a unique new design approach to develop high efficiency, high current and low noise DC–DC converters, where a supercapacitor (SC) is used in the series path of a low dropout (LDO) regulator to act as a lossless voltage dropper. In the published literature, there has been much discussion about the stability of an LDO regulator, where different approaches are applied to frequency compensate depending on the LDO architecture. Given the case that the SCALDO technique is a combination of an LDO regulator and an SC, this study presents an analysis and experimental validation of the stability, based on a 12–5 V SCALDO prototype, proving that the effect of the SC energy recovery method does not make the overall regulator carry a stability issue in general.
Basiswissen zur medikamentösen Schmerztherapie in der Palliativsituation
Authors: Weber Sascha , Lampert Angelika , Stingl Julia , Peuckmann-Post Vera , Hiddemann Sonja , Elsner Frank , Neuner Irene , Rolke Roman 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick zu Basiswissen in medikamentöser Schmerztherapie in der Palliativsituation. Schmerz ist eines der führenden Symptome bei 60–90 % aller Krebspatienten. Schmerzen entstehen auch bei neurologischen oder anderen Krankheiten, die am Lebensende auftreten. Um dieses Symptom zu behandeln, ist eine ganzheitliche Strategie vonnöten, die alle körperlichen, psychologischen, sozialen und spirituellen Aspekte der multidimensionalen Schmerzerfahrung („Total Pain“-Konzept) umfasst.Die Behandlung von Krebsschmerzen basierte viele Jahre auf einem Stufenschema, beginnend mit nichtopioiden Analgetika, gefolgt von mittelstarken und starken Opioiden. Im Gegensatz dazu wird die heutige Schmerzbehandlung mehr von der tatsächlichen Intensität dieses aversiven Ereignisses bestimmt.Die Schmerzbeurteilung sollte darauf zugeschnitten sein, eine nozizeptive vs. neuropathische Schmerzkomponente zu identifizieren, die durch die geeignete Arzneimitteltherapie gelindert werden muss. Nichtopioid-Analgetika sind ideale Substanzen zur Linderung nozizeptiver Schmerzen. Antidepressiva und Antikonvulsiva reduzieren die Intensität neuer neuropathischer Schmerzen. Opioide sind für alle Arten von Schmerzen geeignet, sollten jedoch als zweite Wahl eingesetzt werden. Tilidin und Tramadol sind Prodrugs, die erst nach Aktivierung in der Leber schmerzlindernd wirken. Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen können diese Aktivierung blockieren. Schnellwirksame Opioide sollten bei Tumor-Durchbruchschmerzen eingesetzt werden. Transdermale Opioid-Anwendungen werden bei Schluckstörungen empfohlen, normalerweise jedoch nicht, um die Schmerzkontrolle einzuleiten. Wenn Nebenwirkungen wie Halluzinationen für das ausgewählte Opioid auftreten, kann ein Opioid-Wechsel durchgeführt werden.
Structured Reporting of Solid and Cystic Pancreatic Lesions in CT and MRI: Consensus-Based Structured Report Templates of the German Society of Radiology (DRG)
Authors: Persigehl Thorsten , Baumhauer Matthias , Baeßler Bettina , Beyer Lukas Philipp , Bludau Marc , Bruns Christiane , Bunck Alexander Christian , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Grenacher Lars , Hackländer Thomas , Haneder Stefan , Heinrich Stefan , Heusch Philipp , Hoffmann Matthias , Juchems Markus S. , Kröger Jan Robert , Kotter Elmar , Layer Günter , Maintz David , Menke Jan , Palmowski Moritz , Pantelis Dimitrios , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Popp Felix Christoph , Schäfer Nico , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Schreyer Andreas G. , Siedek Florian , Stippel Dirk , Völker Martin , Waldschmidt Dirk Thomas , Weber Tim Frederik , von Winterfeld Moritz , Wybranski Christian , Zander Thomas , Wessling Johannes 
Published: July 2020

Background Radiological reports of pancreatic lesions are currently widely formulated as free texts. However, for optimal characterization, staging and operation planning, a wide range of information is required but is sometimes not captured comprehensively. Structured reporting offers the potential for improvement in terms of completeness, reproducibility and clarity of interdisciplinary communication.
Method Interdisciplinary consensus finding of structured report templates for solid and cystic pancreatic tumors in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with representatives of the German Society of Radiology (DRG), German Society for General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV), working group Oncological Imaging (ABO) of the German Cancer Society (DKG) and other radiologists, oncologists and surgeons.
Results Among experts in the field of pancreatic imaging, oncology and pancreatic surgery, as well as in a public online survey, structured report templates were developed by consensus. These templates are available on the DRG homepage under www.befundung.drg.de and will be regularly revised to the current state of scientific knowledge by the participating specialist societies and responsible working groups.
Conclusion This article presents structured report templates for solid and cystic pancreatic tumors to improve clinical staging (cTNM, ycTNM) in everyday radiology.
Key Points:
Citation Format
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy is Associated with Improved Diabetic
Foot Ulcer Healing: A Single Centre Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Farrow Frederick , Fountoulakis Nikolaos , Cummins Kelly , Sharma Angelica , Mahmood Rabiah , Vas Prashanth , Thomas Stephen , Karalliedde Janaka 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aims People with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are at high
risk of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). The prevalence of cardiac autonomic
neuropathy (CAN) in people with DFU is unknown and if CAN influences DFU
healing is unclear.
Methods We investigated, in a prospective observational single-centre
cohort study, if CAN predicts DFU healing in 47 (77% male) people
with a DFU and DPN attending a university hospital foot clinic. CAN was
diagnosed by 2 or more abnormal Ewing’s tests. Baseline DFU severity
was evaluated using the site, ischaemia, neuropathy, bacterial infection,
area and depth (SINBAD) score. The primary outcome was defined as evidence
of DFU healing on clinical examination. Median (interquartile) length of
follow-up was 1150 (624–1331) days.
Results The prevalence of CAN was 43%. Of the cohort,
70% had complete healing of their DFU. Participants with CAN had a
shorter median (interquartile) duration time to heal compared to those
without CAN [91 (44–164) days compared to 302 (135–413)
(p=0.047)]. Minor/major amputation and mortality was similar
in both groups. The presence of CAN increased DFU healing by two-fold
[HR=2.05, 95% CI 1.01–4.16, p=0.046] in
multivariable competing risk analyses.
Conclusions We demonstrate a high prevalence of CAN in a DFU cohort
and that CAN is associated with improved DFU healing. The results of this
study establish the scientific rationale for further studies to better
understand the mechanisms between CAN and DFU outcomes.
Fixation of Displaced Avulsion Fracture of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) after Bone Graft Harvesting Using Anatomic Low-Profile Locking Plate: Case Report and Surgical Technique
Authors: Aurich Matthias , Hofmann Gunther O. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBone graft harvesting from the anterior iliac crest is a frequently performed surgical procedure widely used to treat bone defects in orthopedic trauma and reconstructive surgery. Fracture of the iliac crest or avulsion of the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is a potential complication. Displaced fractures require surgical treatment, i.e., reconstruction of the bone defect and fixation of the ASIS fragment. Here, the surgical technique using a special anatomic low-profile locking plate and the strategy of defect reconstruction using allograft cancellous bone are described and their advantages are discussed. We are convinced that it is a safe procedure that can be used for fracture fixation and donor site stabilization during the index procedure.
Verification of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Traditional Homeopathically Manufactured Metal (Cuprum metallicum) and Plant (Gelsemium sempervirens) Medicines and Controls
Authors: Van Wassenhoven Michel , Goyens Martine , Henry Marc , Cumps Jean , Devos Philippe 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) proton relaxation is sensitive to the dynamics of the water molecule, H2O, through the interaction of the spin of the proton (1H) with external magnetic and electromagnetic fields. NMR relaxation times describe how quickly the spin of 1H, forced in a direction by an external electromagnetic field, returns to a normal resting position. As a result, such measurements allow us potentially to describe higher structuring of water in homeopathic medicines.
Objective The purpose of the present study was to verify whether specific NMR relaxation times could be measured in full lines of cH dynamizations of a metal (copper) and of a plant substance (Gelsemium sempervirens), compared with a solvent control, a potentized lactose control and a control prepared by simple dilution, in three production lines. It is aimed at verification of a previous publication (2017) on two new manufacturing lines of the same starting material and controls.
Materials and Methods To monitor dilution and potentization processes, measurements of 1H spin-lattice T1 and spin-spin T2 relaxation times were used. T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured at 25°C with a spin analyser working at a frequency of 20 MHz. To account for its possible role as a confounding factor, free oxygen was also measured in all samples, using a MicroOptode meter.
Results When the values of the three production lines were pooled, a statistically significant discrimination of NMR relaxation times between the medicines and their controls was confirmed. We found for copper cH and Gelsemium sempervirens cH a highly significant influence of the starting material (p = 0.008), a highly significant influence of level of dilution (p < 0.001), and a significant influence of the O2 concentration (p = 0.04).
Conclusions We have evidence of an obvious retention of a specific magnetic resonance signal when a substance (lactose, copper, Gelsemium) is diluted/potentized in pure water. This means that homeopathic solutions cannot be considered to be pure water. O2 is a covariant and not an explanatory variable: this factor itself is too weak to explain the NMR signal specificities in potentized samples. Homeopathic dilutions may thus have a specific material configuration governed not only by the potentized substance but also by the chemical nature of the containers, the chemical nature of dissolved gases and even by the electromagnetic environment. This sensitivity of homeopathically prepared medicines to electromagnetic fields may be amplified by the processes routinely applied during their preparation; because it occurs only when a dynamization has been performed, we may call this phenomenon “dynamic pharmacy”.
Altering age and gender stereotypes by creating the Halo and Horns Effects with facial expressions
Authors: Radeke Mary Katherine , Stahelski Anthony John 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examined the impact of a variable, facial expression, on the social perception and personality trait stereotypic inferences made to age and gender. Twelve facial photographs of young and old female and male models posing with either smiling, scowling, or neutral facial expressions were presented to participants who judged various social perceptions and personality traits. Results indicated that facial expression is strongly associated with two very different inference groupings. Smiling induced positive inferences, creating a Halo Effect, scowling induced negative inferences, creating a Horns Effect. Smiling influenced the age and gender inferences in a positive direction, and scowling did the opposite. The age and gender stereotypical inferences made to the neutral facial expression were in-between smiling and scowling. In all model configurations, the impact of smiling or scowling on the inference process was much stronger than either age or gender. However, significant age and gender inference differences were found in all three facial expression conditions, indicating that facial expressions did not completely subdue the use of these variables as inference inducers. The results are discussed in terms of how specific facial expressions can be used to positively or negatively influence age and gender stereotypes.
The spatial distribution of HO2 in an atmospheric pressure plasma jet investigated by cavity ring-down spectroscopy
Authors: Klose S-J , Manfred K M , Norman H C , Ritchie G A D , van Helden J H 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets make important contributions to a range of fields, such as materials processing and plasma medicine. In order to optimise the effect of those plasma sources, a detailed understanding of the chemical reaction networks is pivotal. However, the small diameter of plasma jets makes diagnostics challenging. A promising approach to obtain absolute number densities is the utilisation of cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy methods, by which line-of-sight averaged densities are determined. Here, we present first measurements on how the spatial distribution of HO2 in the effluent of a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet can be obtained by cavity ring-down spectroscopy in an efficient way. Instead of recording fully wavelength resolved spectra, we will demonstrate that it is sufficient to measure the absorption coefficient at two wavelengths, corresponding to the laser being on and off the molecular resonance. By sampling the effluent from the 1.6 mm diameter nozzle in the radial direction at various axial positions, we determined that the distances over which the HO2 density was distributed were (3.9 ± 0.5) mm and (6.7 ± 0.1) mm at a distance of 2 mm and 10 mm below the nozzle of the plasma jet, respectively. We performed an Abel inversion in order to obtain the spatial distribution of HO2 that is presented along the symmetry axis of the effluent. Based on that localised density, which was (4.8 ± 0.6) ⋅ 1014 cm−3 at the maximum, we will discuss the importance of the plasma zone for the production of HO2.
Comparative investigation into effects of the interplay between absorber layer crystallinity and interfacial defect states on the performance of lead-based and tin-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jani Rushi , Bhargava Kshitij 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This report computationally investigates the relative influence of absorber layer crystallinity and the nature of interfaces in lead-based (toxic) and tin-based (non-toxic) perovskite solar cells using SCAPS-1D. The absorber layer crystallinity was modelled in terms of varying charge carrier mobility and defect density while the interfacial behaviour was modelled through varying defect density at the electron transport material (ETM)/perovskite and perovskite/hole transport material (HTM) interfaces. The results suggest that tuning of the aforementioned parameters plays a critical role in improving the efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In-depth analysis of the results elucidates that the performance of both types of simulated structure is critically dependent on the crystallinity of the perovskite absorber layer. Furthermore, the performance of the lead-based structure is more dependent on the nature of the ETM/perovskite interface than that of the perovskite/HTM interface while the tin-based structure is dependent on the nature of both the interfaces. Moreover, the tin-based structure reveals a possibility of achieving performance comparable/superior to that of its lead-based counterpart by reducing the defect density inside the absorber layer. The findings are key towards the performance enhancement in perovskite solar cells and especially tin-based perovskite solar cells, which are deemed to be a potential replacement for lead-based perovskite solar cells.
Tough pNAGA hydrogel hybridized porcine pericardium for the pre-mounted TAVI valve with improved anti-tearing properties and hemocompatibility
Authors: Jin Linhe , He Haiyang , Yang Fan , Xu Liangpeng , Guo Gaoyang , Wang Yunbing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The rate of adoption of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is increasing rapidly, due to the procedure being less invasive. However, TAVI still faces problems relating to durability, the potential incidence of thrombosis, and the inconvenience of storage in glutaraldehyde (Glut) solution. In this work, a tough hydrogel poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) (pNAGA) is hybridized with Glut-crosslinked porcine pericardium (Glut-PP) via in situ polymerization and glycerolization, so as to obtain dry leafet material for the fabrication of a pre-mounted bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV). The tensile strength, anti-shearing, and anti-tearing properties of the valve are significantly improved by the process of hydrogel hybridization. Following a period of dry-state compression as a simulation for the crimping process of pre-mounted TAV, pNAGA/Glut-PP showed full recovery without structural damage when fully rehydrated. The introduction of pNAGA also improved the blood compatibility of the tissue, with less clot formation and fewer blood cells adhering to the surface of pNAGA/Glut-PP than is found with Glut-PP. Subcutaneous implantation in rats showed that pNAGA/Glut-PP induced a decreased inflammatory response compared with Glut-PP. These results indicate that the strategy for hybridization with hydrogel could be a potential method for preparing pre-mounted TAVs with an improved performance.