bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementierung der Behandlung durch enzymatisches Debridement bei Verbrennungen – Ergebnisse eines interprofessionellen, deutschsprachigen Expertenworkshops
Authors: Ziegler Benjamin , Corterier Cord , Kremer Thomas , Lumenta David B. , Plock Jan A. , Richter Sandy , Sander Frank , Schiefer Jennifer L. , Siegwart Laura C. , Stauder Martin , Wallner Christoph , Wiechmann Dirk , Hirche Christoph 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das enzymatische Debridement (ED) auf Bromelain-Basis (Nexobrid®) wird seit seiner Markteinführung 2013 zunehmend in Verbrennungszentren eingesetzt. Die Literatur belegt die Effizienz der Escharentfernung sowie eine Überlegenheit im Vergleich zum Standard-of-Care in Bezug auf periprozeduralem Blutverlust und Notwendigkeit operativer Maßnahmen. Während ausreichende Erfahrung eine zuverlässige Anwendung ermöglicht, müssen zur Implementierung der Technik einige praktische und logistische Hürden überwunden werden, die weder in den Herstellerangaben noch in der verfügbaren Literatur ausreichend beschrieben sind.
Methode Ein multiprofessionelles Panel, bestehend aus erfahrenen Anwendern aus deutschsprachigen Brandverletztenzentren, wurde zu einem Expertenworkshop eingeladen. Vorab wurden mit den Teilnehmern Themenkomplexe aus den Bereichen Indikationsstellung, Definition von Behandlungspfaden, praktische Durchführung des enzymatischen Debridements, Nachbehandlung sowie Komplikationen abgestimmt, um diese im Rahmen des Expertenworkshops zu erörtern.
Ergebnisse Zu den vordefinierten Themenkomplexen wurden konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen im Expertenpanel erarbeitet und konsentiert. Zusammenfassende Kernaussagen wurden zusätzlich herausgestellt. Sie richten sich sowohl an Einsteiger als auch an erfahrenere Anwender und bieten Unterstützung, um möglichst optimale Ergebnisse durch ED zu erzielen. So entstanden unter anderem Hinweise für den Einsatz von ED über klassische Indikationen hinaus, unterschiedliche Behandlungspfade je nach Verbrennungstiefe und Verlauf des ED mit jeweils angepasster Nachbehandlung, Management von Therapieversagen sowie Empfehlungen hinsichtlich infrastruktureller Rahmenbedingungen zur Implementierung von ED.
Diskussion Obwohl die Wirksamkeit von ED durch die vorhandene Literatur belegt und eine Überlegenheit hinsichtlich mehrerer Aspekte der Behandlung von Verbrennungswunden gezeigt werden konnte, sind bislang nur wenige anwenderorientierte Empfehlungen zur praktischen Implementierung von ED verfügbar. Wenngleich die hier publizierten Handlungsempfehlungen und Expertenaussagen nur zum Teil durch Evidenz aus eindeutigen Studien zu untermauern sind, basieren sie dennoch auf der gebündelten Erfahrung des Expertenpanels, die die Anzahl der bisher publizierten Fälle um ein Vielfaches übertrifft und dadurch erlaubt, wertvolle Unterstützung bei der erfolgreichen Implementierung der Technik bereitzustellen.
Does SGLT2 Inhibition Affect Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Dimova Rumyana , Tankova Tsvetalina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSGLT2 inhibitors increase renal glucose excretion and thus decrease both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. The effects of SGLT2 inhibition outweigh those on glycemic control and are also associated with the induction of hemodynamic changes that improve cardiovascular and renal function in people with type 2 diabetes. The exact mechanisms have not yet been completely clarified. This review is focused on the potential relationship between SGLT2 inhibition and sympathetic nerve activity. There is accumulating evidence for a suppressive effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the sympathetic nerve tone, which might be a putative mechanism for cardiovascular protection in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Clival Meningioma Removal through a Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Approach: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Candanedo Carlos , Moscovici Samuel , Spektor Sergey 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Clival meningiomas are challenging lesions that need to be managed according to the displacement of the adjacent structures. Lateral skull base approaches are needed to achieve their radical removal; however, they are associated with significant morbidity, especially when the tumor involves the basilar artery, its perforators, brainstem, and lower cranial nerves.
Design This is a case of a 79-year-old female patient, diagnosed with a large lower clival meningioma after suffering from headaches. It was offered a conservative treatment but on serial MRI, an increase in the meningioma's size was observed, so it was decided to remove the meningioma using a left suboccipital retrosigmoid approach.
Settings On a left three-quarter prone position, with facial nerve, auditory brainstem response, lower cranial nerves, and motor-evoked potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials neurophysiologic monitoring, a right suboccipital retrosigmoid craniotomy with opening of the foramen magnum was performed, giving enough lateral visualization of the tumor. Broad base tumor pushing backward and aside the vertebral and basilar arteries, cranial nerves (7th–12th), and the brainstem was exposed and removed.
Results Near total resection of the meningioma was achieved, leaving a microscopic residual in the entry points of the low cranial nerves without complications. There was no neurological deficit after the surgery. Postoperative MRI revealed no signs of residual tumor.
Conclusion: In this case, the regular retrosigmoid approach, extended into the foramen magnum was enough for the removal of this pure clival meningioma.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/3d6Uj4gjmDU.
Far Lateral Approach for Malignant, Severely Calcified Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor
Authors: Kiyofuji Satoshi , Graffeo Christopher S. , Perry Avital , Link Michael J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background The far-lateral approach is an effective skull base technique that provides access to the lower clivus and premedullary area. This approach is also useful for maximal visualization and resection of large posterior fossa tumors with extensive medial extension, especially when aggressive resection is ideal for a malignant tumor in a young patient, or it is technically challenging because of tumor calcification. We demonstrate a microsurgical operative video to describe technical pearls in this difficult situation.
Case Presentation A 45-year-old man with history of “hoarseness” for up to two decades was presented with imbalance and mild dysphagia over 3 years. Imaging demonstrated a 55-mm left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor extending medially across the midline with severe calcification (Figs. 1 and 2). His neurological examination revealed left facial numbness, complete left facial weakness, left deafness, complete left vocal paralysis, as well as severe left hemibody ataxia. The tumor was resected via a left suboccipital craniotomy with far lateral approach including drilling to the occipital condyle and C1 laminectomy. Initial manipulation of the inferior pole of the tumor resulted in asystole which was managed successfully with glycol pyrolate. Pathology demonstrated IDH-1 wild type, MGMT-methylated glioblastoma. The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant chemoradiation.
Conclusion The far-lateral approach is an effective approach for maximal safe resection of a malignant brainstem, cerebellar, and CPA tumor.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/AIGebJPJEnw.
Clinical Outcomes of Incidental Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer and Noncancer Patients: The SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER)
Authors: Spirk David , Sebastian Tim , Barco Stefano , Banyai Martin , Beer Jürg H. , Mazzolai Lucia , Baldi Thomas , Aujesky Drahomir , Hayoz Daniel , Engelberger Rolf P. , Kaeslin Thomas , Korte Wolfgang , Escher Robert , Husmann Marc , Blondon Marc , Kucher Nils 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective In patients with cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE), the risk of recurrence is similar after incidental and symptomatic events. It is unknown whether the same applies to incidental VTE not associated with cancer.
Methods and Results We compared baseline characteristics, anticoagulation therapy, all-cause mortality, and VTE recurrence rates at 90 days between patients with incidental (n = 131; 52% without cancer) and symptomatic (n = 1,931) VTE included in the SWIss Venous ThromboEmbolism Registry (SWIVTER). After incidental VTE, 114 (87%) patients received anticoagulation therapy for at least 3 months. The mortality rate was 9.2% after incidental and 8.4% after symptomatic VTE for hazard ratio (HR) 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–2.50). After adjustment for competing risk of death, recurrence rate was 3.1 versus 2.8%, respectively, for sub-HR 1.07 (95% CI 0.39–2.93). These results were consistent among cancer (mortality: 15.9% vs. 12.6%; HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.67–2.59; recurrence: 4.8% vs. 4.7%; HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.30–3.42) and noncancer patients (mortality: 2.9% vs. 2.1%; HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.33–5.73; recurrence: 1.5% vs. 2.3%; HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.09–4.58). Patients with incidental VTE who received anticoagulation therapy for at least 3 months had lower mortality (4% vs. 41%) and recurrence rate (1% vs. 18%) compared with those who did not.
Conclusion In SWIVTER, more than half of incidental VTE events occurred in noncancer patients who often received anticoagulation therapy. Among noncancer patients, early mortality and recurrence rates were similar after incidental versus symptomatic VTE. Our findings suggest that anticoagulation therapy for incidental VTE may be beneficial regardless of the presence of cancer.
Primordial plasma: influence of non-ideality on equilibrium radiation
Authors: Trigger S A , Maslov S A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The asymptotic behavior of the equilibrium radiation in Maxwellian plasma is investigated for the region of low frequencies. It is shown, that already for a weakly non-ideal plasma the equilibrium radiation can essentially deviate from the Planck law. The deviation from the Planck distribution is described by the transverse dielectric permittivity which takes into account both frequency and spatial dispersion. The influence of plasma non-ideality increases with increase of the non-ideality parameter in the dielectric permittivity. The spectral energy distribution of the equilibrium radiation essentially changes in the region of possibly observable frequencies. At asymptotically low frequencies there is transfer from logarithmic to power behavior of the equilibrium radiation. The results indicate that in the primordial plasma of Early Universe the spectral energy distribution of radiation could be different than the Planck one.
Analyzing the period distribution of digital chaos with graph theory
Authors: Fan C L , Ding Q 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The related characteristics of chaos are closely related to the basic concepts of confusion and diffusion in cryptography, which makes chaotic systems widely used in chaotic secure communication. However, when a chaotic system is implemented in a hardware device with finite calculation precision, its dynamic characteristics will be degraded to varying degrees due to the different calculation precision of the hardware device. The dynamic degradation of digital chaos will threaten the security of chaotic secure communication. To evaluate the performance of various digital chaotic maps, we proposed a universal period search algorithm (UPSA) that is based on graph theory with the purpose of analyzing the period distribution of digital chaos from a new perspective. The algorithm can calculate the maximal transient length, fixed points and periodic limit cycles (i.e. attractive basins) of digital chaos in finite-precision domains accurately. Furthermore, in order to test the versatility and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, the periodic distribution and security of several typical digital chaotic maps are analyzed in detail. To a certain degree, UPSA can reduce the difficulty of cryptanalysis of digital chaotic ciphers and understand the network structures of functional graphs of digital chaos.
Potential SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro inhibitors: repurposing FDA-approved drugs
Authors: Kouznetsova Valentina L , Huang David Z , Tsigelny Igor F 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using as a template the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, we developed a pharmacophore model of functional centers of the protease inhibitor-binding pocket. With this model, we conducted data mining of the conformational database of FDA-approved drugs. This search brought 64 compounds that can be potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 protease. The conformations of these compounds undergone 3D fingerprint similarity clusterization. Then we conducted docking of possible conformers of these drugs to the binding pocket of the protease. We also conducted the same docking of random compounds. Free energies of the docking interaction for the selected compounds were clearly lower than random compounds. Three of the selected compounds were carfilzomib, cyclosporine A, and azithromycin—the drugs that already are tested for COVID-19 treatment. Among the selected compounds are two HIV protease inhibitors and two hepatitis C protease inhibitors. We recommend testing of the selected compounds for treatment of COVID-19.
Thermally stable laser-driven phosphor converted white light source using multilayer structured diffuser system
Authors: Dubey Atul Kumar , Kumar Virendra , Gupta Mayank , Mehta Dalip Singh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report the development of a thermally stable laser-driven phosphor-converted white light source using a multilayer structured diffuser system for general illumination. The developed extended diffuser system comprises an acrylic sheet, two glass plates, and a phosphor layer with the arrangement in a glass-acrylic-phosphor-glass combination. The high-power laser beam was gradually distributed inside the diffuser system for exciting the phosphor layer optimally without burning the resin and thermal quenching. The method is simple and efficient in which both the directionality and scattering properties of laser source are exploited using the transmission properties of diffusers. The high specular transmission of diffusers resulted in the optimum transfer of laser directional photons for exciting the middle section of phosphor layer, and the remaining laser photons were scattered from diffuser surfaces. The glass-acrylic combination results the refractive index inhomogeneity inside the system and helped to expand the scattered photons throughout the phosphor layer. The radiant power distribution of blue laser source inside the system resulted in synchronization between optimal absorption quantum efficiency and fluorescent conversion quantum efficiency of the phosphor layer. As a result, the thermal quenching effect on phosphor inside the white light system was minimized for efficient illumination. With this geometry, a bright and thermally stable white light source was realized due to the proper distribution of high-power laser throughout the system. The luminescence properties of the proposed laser-based white light system were examined and found thermally stable in terms of spectral changes, luminance, and correlated color temperature.
Reservoir computing approaches to microsleep detection
Authors: Weddell Stephen J , Ayyagari Sudhanshu , Jones Richard D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective. The detection of microsleeps in a wide range of professionals working in high-risk occupations is very important to workplace safety. A microsleep classifier is presented that employs a reservoir computing (RC) methodology. Specifically, echo state networks (ESN) are used to enhance previous benchmark performances on microsleep detection. Approach. A clustered design using a novel ESN-based leaky integrator is presented. The effectiveness of this design lies with the simplicity of using a fine-grained architecture, containing up to 8 neurons per cluster, to capture individualized state dynamics and achieve optimal performance. This is the first study to have implemented and evaluated EEG-based microsleep detection using RC models for the detection of microsleeps from the EEG. Main results. Microsleep state detection was achieved using a cascaded ESN classifier with leaky-integrator neurons employing 60 principal components from 544 power spectral features. This resulted in a leave-one-subject-out average detection in performance of φ = 0.51 ± 0.07 (mean ± SE), AUC− ROC = 0.88 ± 0.03, and AUC− PR = 0.44 ± 0.09. Significance. Although performance of EEG-based microsleep detection systems is still considered modest, this refined method achieved a new benchmark in microsleep detection.
Fungal Contamination of Air-conditioned Air Flow with Special Reference to Antifungal Activity of Eight Plant Oil Vapor Against Aspergillus Niger
Authors: Al-Bader Salah Mahdi , Osman Ardalan Abdulhameed , Hussainnagad Sahar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Modern buildings without air conditioning are unimaginable. This made them closely related to indoor air quality, especially microbial content. Filters and ducts of AC are colonized by microorganisms, and the air flowing from the AC will carry fungal structures that affect human health. Forty indoor air samples were collected by the plate exposure method from the air current of conditioners in classrooms/secondary school. Samples were collected at the start of operation (S1) and two hours after (S2). This study aimed to isolate and identify of fungi from AC air current, and analysis of the fungal community, as well as in vitro antifungal exam of eight oil vapor against Aspergillus niger. Oils of Hacinathus sp., Cymbopogon citratus, Myrtus communis, Eucalyptus sp., Laurus nobilis, Cinnamon sp., Rosemary officinalis, and Cyperus rotundus were used. Eight fungal genera were listed from a total of 355 fungal colonies: Aspergillus (4 sp.), Penicillium sp, Cladosporium sp, Mucor sp, Alternaria, Geotrichum, Candida, Rhodotorula, besides sterile mycelia. From S1 and S2 samples, 189 colonies (8 genera), and 83 colonies (5 genera) were recognized respectively. Aspergilli showed the highest occurrence of 100% and frequency76.4%. All examined vapor reduced growth of A. niger, C. citratus, Eucalyptus sp., and Cinnamon sp. oils gave the highest significant antifungal activity in comparison with control. It was realized that ACs are an effective source of indoor airborne fungi, and eco-friendly materials have shown significant antifungal activity. They can be the choice of the future.
A trial treatment of Hydatidosis in white mice by Immunization and Chemicals
Authors: Ali Waheeda Rashid , Ibrahim Amenah Abduljabbar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The present study was conducted as atrial to treat secondary hydatidosis in white mice of species Mus musculus. (Balb/c strain), experimentally infected with secondary hydatid cysts of sheep origin. The immunization process was carried by using CF/PS antigen which consist hydatid cyst fluid (CF) antigen, and protoscolices (PS) antigen mixed together and by using two concentrations 7.5, 15 mg/ml. Then derivatives of Benzimidazole, Mebendazole (M) and drugs Albendazole (A) were used 10 and 40 μm/gm body weight respectively. The mixture of drugs was used one week after challenged dose. Criteria taken into consideration to define the activity of the immunization and chemotherapy in this study were reduction in the numeral of cysts, the coefficient of split cells in spleen and boon marrow, and measurement cellular and humoral immune response. The results of the present consider demonstrated those portray the viability about immunization also chemotherapy all the while over decay those numeral of growing cyst, toward that perspective stately both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Those outcomes indicated raise those safe reactions that replicated diminish numeral Also breadth for hydatid growth. Those goal that viability of immunotherapeutic state over reversal those developing from growing hydatid cysts to mice.
Sugarcane of Rapid Multiplication by Callogenesis
Authors: Baday Saja. J. S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The results showed that shoot apical meristem of sugarcane has the ability to stimulate and induction to callus in vitro by plant tissue culture. The results showed 2,4-D regulator 1.5 mg/L was more potent in the induction of the callus and callus subsequent growth. The effected interactions of auxin and cytokinin regulators were not significant with respect to the formation of callus. The best regeneration response was achieved by using growth regulators. In Co8371, best induction of the shoot response was found on MS medium with concentration of 1.0 mg/L BAP compared to Co85004. MS medium with the using of 0.5 mg/L BAP and 0.25 mg/L Kinetin regulator exhibited best organogenesis responding.
Infection with Entamoeba histolytica and its effect on some blood parameters in Najaf City
Authors: Al-Shaibani Shurooq Wesam 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study was done in Al- Najaf Health Department \ Alforat Al-Awsat Hospital. The total number of examined patients were (80) for both sexes (males and females) in different ages (children’s and adults). The chosen patients had single infection with Entamoeba histolytica was diagnosed in 32(40%) stool samples from the total number examined. The results showed no significant differences between males (40%) and females (40%) in tested with parasites. The samples were recorded the average percentage in the cyst stages of E. histolytica at a higher rate, where it reached (87.5%) than the trophozoite stage of E. histolytica, where it reached (12.5%). There were significant differences at the level of p <0.05 when studying the effect of E. histolytica parasite in both stages (cyst and trophozoite) in some blood parameters (PCV, Lymphocyte, Granulocyte and Platelets count). Also, results showed a significant differences only in the cyst stage in (MCV, MCH and Monocyte) and there were no significant differences in the other blood parameters (Hb, WBC, RBCand MCHC) among the infected and non-infected person with E.histolytica parasite.
CRISPR/Cas9 design to knockout and knockin the breast cancer gene-BRCA1 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Arabisopsis thaliana is a model for many molecular and genetics research especially in human research, there are many genes in A. thaliana sharing them with human. BRCA1 is a gene related with breast cancer, any damage in it sequences may leads to raise the percentage of cancer tumor. AtBCRA1 a breast cancer gene in A. thaliana plant were obtain and blast from NCBI web tool and used for gene editing, a set of PCR primers were designed to detect this gene by using in- silico tools and simulate the PCR reaction and gel electrophoresis. As well as a gene editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 were designed to knockout and knockin any mutation in the BRCA1 gene by designing sgRNA as a target site in DNA for CRISPR action with a set of primer to amplifying the target by using CHOPCHOP web tool. A good target sequences design is a very critical step in CRISPR/Cas9 technology success.