bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTIGRAPH’S LOW-FREQUENCY EXTENSION FILTER FOR ESTIMATING WRIST-WORN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Hicks Hilary J , Laffer Alex , Losinski Genna , Watts Amber 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Advancements in body-worn activity devices make them valuable for objective physical activity measurement. Research-grade monitors utilize software algorithms developed with younger populations using waist-worn devices. ActiGraph offers the low frequency extension (LFE) filter which reduces the movement threshold to capture low acceleration activity that is more common in older adults. It is unclear how this filter changes activity variable calculations in older adults. We investigated the effects of the LFE filter on wrist-worn activity estimates in this population. Participants were 21 older adults who wore the GT9X on their non-dominant wrist for 7 days in a free-living environment. Activity counts were estimated both with and without the LFE filter. Paired samples t-tests revealed that the LFE estimated significantly higher number of counts than non-LFE calculated counts per minute on all three axes (p &lt; .001). Step count estimates were higher with (M = 20,780.09, SD = 5300.85) vs. without (M = 10,896.54, SD = 3489.45) the LFE filter, (t (20) = -22.21, p &lt; .001). These differences have implications for calculations based on axis counts (e.g., Axis-1 calculated steps, intensity level classifications) that rely on waist-worn standards. For example, even without the filter, the GT9X calculated an average of 10,897 steps, which is likely an overestimate in this population. This suggests that axes-based variables should be interpreted with caution when generated with wrist-worn data, and future studies should aim to develop separate wrist and waist-worn standard estimates of these variables in older adult populations.
INDEX OF RELATIVE RURALITY AS A PREDICTOR OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY CORRELATES FOR OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Huffman Mary K , Amireault Steve 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to the ecological model, physical activity (PA) results from interactions between personal (e.g., intentions), social (e.g., autonomy support), and environmental factors (e.g., walkability, rurality). However, past research has commonly used dichotomous measures of rurality (i.e., rural versus urban), which has limited our understanding of the relationship between rurality and other PA correlates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between rurality and known correlates of PA among older adults. Ninety-one older adults aged ≥ 60 years, without severe cognitive impairment, completed a questionnaire assessing PA intentions (α = 0.89), autonomy support for PA (α = 0.91), and walkability (α = 0.76). The Index of Relative Rurality, a continuous, multidimensional measure of rurality, was used to evaluate the degree of rurality based on residential zip-code. Regression analyses revealed that the rurality-autonomy support association followed an inverted-U shape function (p = 0.01), whereas rurality was negatively associated with walkability (p = 0.02). Rurality was not associated with PA intentions; however, autonomy support was positively associated with PA intentions (p = 0.01). The use of non-dichotomous measures of rurality appears essential in our understanding of its association with other PA correlates. Failure to use such measures may result in incomplete portrayals of relationships.
ASSOCIATION OF RESTRICTED LIFE SPACE MOBILITY WITH COGNITIVE FUNCTION WITHIN OLDER BLACKS AND WHITES WITH DIABETES
Authors: Clay Olivio J , Bowen Pamela , Lee Loretta , McCaskill Gina , Affuso Olivia , Crowe Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have reported that approximately one of every eight older adults self-report experiencing confusion or memory loss that is becoming more frequent or getting worse. Thus, identifying individuals who are at-risk for cognitive problems is essential. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the relationship between life space mobility and cognition within older Blacks and Whites with diabetes. Baseline data from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Diabetes and Aging Study of Health (DASH) were utilized. Multiple regression models adjusted for age, education, income, gender, and race were utilized to assess the association between restricted life space (a score of less than 60 on the UAB Life Space Assessment) and cognitive function as assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS-M). The analytic sample consisted of 224 older adults with diabetes (mean age = 73.52) with 54% being female and 53% White. Of the participants, 75 (32%) had a restricted life space and individuals with restricted life space on average had cognition scores that were over 2 points lower than participants categorized as not having restricted life space (B = -0.18, p &lt; .01). Additionally, Black participants had lower levels of cognition when compared to Whites in the covariate-adjusted models (B = -0.23, p &lt; .01). Results of this investigation provide additional evidence to support the relationship between mobility and cognition. Longitudinal investigations assessing the association between mobility and cognition within older adults with diabetes are needed.
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, MUSCLE WEAKNESS, AND MOBILITY LIMITATION
Authors: Latham-Mintus Kenzie , Doshi Simit , Moorthi Ranjani 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased mobility limitation. Prior research has documented that peripheral nerve abnormalities occur early in CKD and progressively worsen. Loss of balance, impaired muscle strength, and slow gait predispose older adults to falls and frailty. However, the current literature is limited by a lack of nationally representative data that includes objective measures of kidney disease and physical functioning. Thus, this research examines whether CKD is associated with muscle strength, balance, gait, and self-reported mobility limitations. Methods: Data come from the 2016 Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Estimated GFR, a measure of kidney functioning derived from creatinine levels in the blood, was used to classify CKD (i.e, eGFR&lt;45 or Stage 3b CKD). Logistic and linear regression models were generated to examine the association of CKD with physical functioning, net of demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, race, and education) and comorbidities (i.e., obesity, pain, and number of diagnosed medical conditions). Results: In unadjusted models, CKD was significantly associated (p&lt;0.05) with more mobility limitations, slower walking speeds, stronger grip strengths, and non-participation in balance tests. After adjusting for covariates, CKD (β=-1.43, p=0.01) was negatively associated with grip strength. In sex-stratified models, CKD was associated with slower walking speeds among men, whereas CKD was associated with more mobility limitations among women. Discussion: In a nationally representative sample of older adults, CKD was associated with poorer physical functioning on multiple measures. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities, CKD was associated with increased muscle weakness.
PERCEIVED PHYSICAL LITERACY FOR CHINESE ELDERLY QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT: PRELIMINARY VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
Authors: Wang Haocen , King Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is an essential health prompting behavior. Unfortunately, in China, only about 12% to 40% of older adults met the PA recommendations. To guide the design of future PA interventions and policy-making, innovative solutions are needed to be introduced. Physical literacy, a relatively novel concept, has been recently introduced in the field of older adults’ PA. This concept takes a holistic view of PA behavior, which proposed that a person need to be motivationally, physically, strategically, effectively, socially, and knowledgeably prepared to be and stay physically active. The aim of this study was to develop the Perceived Physical literacy for Chinese Elderly (PPLCE) questionnaire and to establish its reliability and validity. An item pool for the PPLCE was generated from literature and interviews with Chinese older adults. Expert panel reviews and cognitive interviews were applied to establish the face and content validity of the questionnaire. A convenient sample of 388 Chinese older adults was recruited to assess the psychometric properties of the PPLCE. The item-level analysis and exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 46-item self-report measure, consisting with four factors: motivation, physical competence, interaction with environment, sense of self, interaction with others, and knowledge and understanding. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability of the PPLCE were 0.88 and 0.79 respectively. A positive correlation between PPLCE and leisure-time PA was found (r=0.43). The PPLCE has the potential to be used as a valid and reliable measure to assess Chinese older adults’ perceived physical literacy.
EXCURSION FROM HOME AND ECOLOGICAL PAIN IN OLDER ADULTS WITH KNEE PAIN
Authors: Mardini Mamoun T , Rashidi Parisa , Nerella Subhash , Fullwood Dottington , Corbett Duane , Ranka Sanjay , Manini Todd M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Pain is an essential factor in limiting life-space mobility. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is crucial to understanding pain intensity and frequency. This study evaluated a customized smartwatch app for daily ecological pain reporting and GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates collection to understand the impact of pain on daily excursion from home in older adults who report knee pain. Methods: Participants (n=14, 73.2 +/- 5.4 yrs, 64% female) wore a smartwatch with a customized app called Patient Reported Outcome of Mood, Pain, and fatigue (PROMPT) for 6.5 (4.0) days. Participants were prompted in their free-living environment about their pain intensity (range 0-10) in the morning, afternoon and evening. Additionally, GPS data were collected at 15 min intervals throughout the day. Geodesic distance was used to calculate the distance from the home address. Daily pain values were binned into high and low levels to compare to maximum daily excursions. Results: Individuals with average daily pain &gt; 2 traveled 4.1 fewer miles than those individuals reporting pain 2 exceeded a distance of 5 miles compared to 17.9% of those individuals reporting pain &lt;= 2 (X2=6.89, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: In older adults, higher level of knee pain is associated with a decline in life-space mobility. Using custom designed smartwatch applications provides new opportunity to investigate how pain impacts community mobility.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBAL AND DAILY LEVELS OF PAIN AND RELIGIOUS COPING
Authors: Cheesman Katherine L , Cox Brian , Smith Dylan M , Parmelee Patricia A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: This research examines associations between global and daily levels of pain and the use of religious coping strategies among African American (AA) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) older adults with physician-confirmed knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: As part of a larger study of racial/ethnic differences in everyday quality of life with OA, 125 persons over the age of 50 completed a global measure of religious coping using the Brief RCOPE. Daily variability in pain and coping was assessed using a daily diary methodology consisting of 4 daily phone calls over 7 days. Hypotheses: Demographic characteristics (sex, race) were expected to predict religious coping at both the global and daily levels. Specifically, we expected women and AAs would use more religious coping than their male and NHW counterparts. Further, daily levels of pain were predicted to correlate with daily levels of coping. Results: AAs were found to engage in significantly more religious coping behaviors than NHWs at the global, but not daily, level. An intraclass correlation coefficient of .316 indicated sufficient within-person variability for the use of multi-level modeling to determine the association of daily pain and religious coping. Within individuals, pain was significantly lower on days when religious coping was not used. Implications: Results contribute to a growing understanding of how individuals use their religious beliefs to cope with daily pain and perhaps, to the formulation of more targeted therapies for individuals living with chronic illness. (Supported by R01-AG041655 D. Smith and P. Parmelee, PIs.)
RELIGIOSITY AND HEALTH AMONG CHINESE OLDER ADULTS IN MAINLAND CHINA, HONG KONG, AND TAIWAN: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW
Authors: Li Jia , Wang Qi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Abstract: Religion plays an important role in people’s later life. However, most existing studies on health and religiosity focused on Western settings. China has the largest aging population in the world and distinct contexts of religion. This study aims to examine the relationship between religiosity and health of Chinese older adults through a meta-analysis. We conducted a comprehensive database (English and Chinese) and gray literature searching. Two researchers independently extracted the studies and evaluated the quality of the eligible ones. A random-effect model was adopted to combine the results. Hedges’ g was computed as a standardized measure of the effect size. Subgroup analysis was conducted to examine the potential moderators. From the 3776 potentially eligible papers, 74 were eventually included. The results showed that, having a religious belief or ever attending religious activities was significantly related to a higher level of anxiety (Hedges’ g= 0.392, 95% CI[0.230, 0.556]), escape acceptance of death (0.477[ 0.154, 0.801]), death avoidance (0.498 [0.127, 0.870]), death anxiety (0.448[0.122, 0.774]), more positive coping practices (0.581[0.073, 1.094]), and subjective social support (0.313[0.143, 0.483]). However, the subgroup analysis did not conclude any significant moderators. Religiosity is significantly related to a variety of psychosocial characteristics of older adults, including both negative and positive traits. It calls for more future studies to investigate the competing mechanisms regarding how religiosity can influence older adults’ health and vice versa.
RAMBLE ON: LONELINESS AND OFF-TOPIC VERBOSITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Smith Leah N , Helphrey Jessica H , Sawyer Jennifer , Fierro Leigh A , Mokhtari Ben K , Moore Jenna M , Rodriguez Daniel , Barnett Michael D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Numerous studies have found off-topic verbosity occurs more frequently in older adults than younger adults. Previous theories have attributed this to age-related decline, emotion recognition, and communication style. Previous research has linked lower loneliness with more off-topic verbosity; however, the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. Loneliness has been defined as an inconsistency between an individual’s actual and desired social relationships, and previous research has found that loneliness is associated with lower cognitive and social outcomes among diverse populations including older adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between loneliness and off-topic verbosity among older adults. Healthy, community dwelling older adult participants (N = 82; age 60-99, M = 76.66, SD = 8.52) completed the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and provided a verbal sample in which they recounted an autobiographical memory (a vacation) and a procedural memory (how to make a breakfast); the verbal samples were transcribed and rated by three independent judges. In contrast with previous research, results found that loneliness was associated with a greater tendency to engage in tangential verbal topics. This suggests that social factors such as loneliness may impact the way some older adults express themselves verbally.
HOPE AND RESILIENCE AMONG VULNERABLE, COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER PERSONS
Authors: Myers Dennis R , Polson Clay , McGee Jocelyn S , Gillespie Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Community-dwelling older adults in the U.S. are at risk for experiencing a number of physical, emotional, and social issues including poverty, social isolation, and deteriorating health and daily functioning. Despite such challenges, research indicates that many older adults remain resilient and that factors such as social support, spirituality, and self-esteem contribute to resilience and improved outcomes. One factor that has been found to be particularly important for resilience among older adults is a sense of hopefulness. However, research has not looked specifically at the effects of hope on older adults experiencing severe economic and psychosocial challenges. Utilizing survey data drawn from a unique sample (n = 64) randomly drawn from 224 clients of a Meals on Wheels program, we explore the relationship between hope and resilience among a group of at-risk, community-dwelling older adults in one central Texas community. We find that hope, after accounting for the effects of social support, spiritual experience, health (ADL), and ethnicity, is a strong and significant predictor of resilience among at-risk older adults and that hope tends to mediate the effect of spiritual experience on resilience. Drawing on these findings, we discuss potential implications for social workers and congregational leaders working with older adults and for future scholarship on hope and resilience.
THE EXTREME FACE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION: A COHORT STUDY OF UNBEFRIENDED INDIVIDUALS IN LONG-TERM CARE
Authors: Chamberlain Stephanie , Duggleby Wendy , Teaster Pamela B , Fast Janet , Estabrooks Carole 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Even though social isolation is a significant predictor of poor health and mortality in older adults, very little is known about social isolation in long-term care (LTC) settings. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, demographic characteristics, health outcomes, and disease diagnoses of residents without family contact in Alberta LTC homes. Using data collected between April 2008 and March 2018, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Resident Assessment Instrument, Minimum Data Set, (RAI-MDS 2.0) data from 34 LTC facilities in Alberta. We identified individuals who had no contact with family or friends. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression, we compared the characteristics, disease diagnoses, and functional status of individuals who had no contact with family and individuals who did have contact with family. We identified a cohort of 25,330 individuals, of whom 945 had no contact with family or friends. Different from residents who had family, the cohort with no contact was younger (81.47 years, SD=11.79), and had a longer length of stay (2.71 years, SD=3.63). For residents who had contact with family, residents with no contact had a greater number of mental health diagnoses, including depression (OR: 1.21, [95% CI: 1.06-1.39]), bipolar disorder (OR: 1.80, [95% CI: 1.22-2.68]), and schizophrenia (OR: 3.9, [95% CI: 2.96-5.14]). Interpretation: Residents without family contact had a number of unique care concerns, including mental health issues and poor health outcomes. These findings have implications for the training of staff and LTC services available to these vulnerable residents.
MAKING THE AGING EXPERIENCE WORTHWHILE: HOW SOCIAL INTERACTION CONTRIBUTES TO ACTIVE AGING
Authors: Doh Daniel , Adusei-Asante Kwadwo , Banham Vicki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In most parts of the world, people are now living longer lives, which presents both opportunities and concerns over how to make the ageing process a worthwhile experience. The World Health Organisation’s Active Ageing model became a prominent global policy response since 2002 and has evolved into different country-level ageing policies. While a considerable volume of literature exists on active ageing – testing the validity of its various components, there is limited empirical evidence of how social interaction contributes to active ageing for older people and how it can be promoted through policy. In this paper, we examine social interaction and how it contributes to lived experiences of active ageing among a sample of 30 older Ghanaians living in Australia and Ghana. Our findings confirm the significance of social interaction for active ageing, and shows that social interaction creates a sense of purpose for living, which leads to the ability of the individual to build resilience, which mitigates anxieties and pains associated with ill health (especially for frail older people); enhances self-motivation for play and fun; empowers the individual to explore opportunities for continuous activity including leisure, and improves the general feeling of happiness resulting in active ageing – quality of life. The paper’s main argument is that social interaction presents potentials for improving the quality of life (active ageing) for older people and needs to be carefully considered in policy, research and practice.
ADDRESSING SOCIAL ISOLATION OF OLDER ADULTS: THE COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE AND CONTRIBUTION
Authors: Jeffery Bonnie , McIntosh Tom , Novik Nuelle 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This presentation will discuss the Reducing Isolation of Seniors Collective (RISC), a collaboration of three organizations that have implemented nine projects to address social isolation for rural and urban older adults in Saskatchewan, Canada. A survey was completed with the purpose of identifying community-level awareness, knowledge and perspectives on the extent of social isolation of older adults in their communities. Key variables of interest included contributors to social isolation of older adults, barriers to overcoming social isolation, and community efforts and promising assets for addressing social isolation of older adults in their own communities. To develop an understanding of the extent to which respondents are involved with older adults, the survey asked respondents to report how often they supported, observed, advocated for, and/or interacted with seniors. The 271 respondents identified their roles in the community as human service professionals, healthcare professionals, program facilitators, community leaders, organization members, and community volunteers. Three-quarters of respondents reported that they were involved with seniors at least daily or weekly. While 75.3% believed that social isolation of older adults was “somewhat” or “very” common, almost one-half (41.2%) of respondents believed there was not general awareness of social isolation of older adults by other members in their community. Over one-half of the respondents mentioned community programming (55.7%), friends and neighbours (63.1%), and volunteers (57.2%) as community assets that can reduce isolation of older adults. Respondents reported examples of promising interventions in their communities: church support, library programs, transportation service, visiting programs, advocacy groups, and information sessions.