bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical studies on high-efficiency hydrocarbon expulsion of Triassic lacustrine shale in the Ordos Basin, China: implications for tight and shale oil accumulation
Authors: Yang Weiwei , Zhang Wenzheng , Li Shixiang , Li Shanpeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The organic-rich sediments developed at the bottom of Chang7 Member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang formation, which can be divided into oil shale and black mudstones, are dominate source rocks for low permeability and tight oil reservoirs in Mesozoic petroleum system of Ordos Basin. The hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics of the organic-rich sediments have been investigated by geology and geochemistry data. By comparison with the geochemical parameters of crude oil samples and mudstone extracts, Chang7 shale has many geochemical evidences on high rates of hydrocarbon expulsion. Lower conversion rate of chloroform extracted bitumen “A”, especially for the samples with TOC higher than 10%; lower productivity indexes and lower hydrogen indexes reducing with TOC increasing; lower ratios of saturates/aromatics but higher contents of polar components for residual bitumen “A”; heavier stable carbon isotopes of residual hydrocarbons. It should be noted that the source rock evaluation and oil-source correlation would be misunderstood based on these abnormal geochemical data caused by high-efficiency hydrocarbon expulsion. Calculation for rock samples have shown that the expelled rates of the shale samples averaging 70% are significantly higher than those of the mudstone samples. Chang 7 shale with large amounts of hydrocarbons generated and expelled is critical for hydrocarbon accumulation in low-permeability and tight oil reservoirs. Also, Chang7 organic-rich rocks is an important exploration field of shale oil in the future.
Geochemistry of light petroleum from the North of Dongying Depression
Authors: Zhai Zheng , Wang Xuejun , Cao Zhongxiang , Qi Yanli , Bao Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With ever-increasing exploration for oils, exploration has inevitably extended into deep layers. Considerable quantity of light oil is discovered from deep Es4
lower layer in the northern steep slope zone of Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. The oils are characterized by high content of saturated hydrocarbon and low concentration of biomarker and sulphur content. Eleven oil samples and forty-five source rock samples are finely analysed. According to the results of monomer hydrocarbon isotope analysis, carbon and oxygen isotope composition analysis and light hydrocarbon analysis, it is confirmed that the oils in deep strata of northern steep slope zone reach high mature lever. The light oils in the northern steep slope zone have a relationship with deep Es4
lower hydrocarbon source rocks by the results of monomer hydrocarbon isotope and light hydrocarbon analysis. Thermal evolution studies show the top Es4
lower hydrocarbon source rocks have a high thermal evolution level. The top Es4
lower hydrocarbon source rocks have relatively high organic abundance and are dominated by types I-II1 kerogen. This research is helpful for unravelling deep petroleum resources evaluation in this area. The viewpoint will be of great significance in future exploration. Moreover, the views in this paper can also be applied to other basins to explore for deep oil reservoirs.
Control of thermal evolution of source rocks on hydrocarbon distribution in Kuqa foreland basin, Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Zhang Haizu , Zhao Qing , Su Zhaohong , Lu Yuhong , Zhang Ke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Kuqa foreland basin is the foreland basin with the highest degree of oil and gas exploration and research in China. On the basis of deep understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and accumulation process in Kuqa foreland basin, the oil and gas distribution law of Kuqa foreland basin is summarized: (1) In the KS2-KS5 well block in the center of the basin, the maturity of source rock Ro is more than 2%, and the maximum is more than 3.5%, High over mature dry gas reservoirs are mainly formed in these area. (2) In Bozi-Dabei area at the west end of the basin and Dina-Yinan areas in the east end, the maturity Ro of source rocks mainly ranges from 1.2% to 2.0%, mainly forming condensate gas reservoirs with low condensate oil content. (3) In the northern structural belt and southern slope belt of the periphery of the basin, far away from the mature center of the source rock, the maturity of the source rock is relatively low and Ro is between 0.6% and 1.2%, which mainly forms oil and gas reservoirs and condensate reservoirs with high condensate oil content. From east to west, there are differences in structural characteristics, reservoir types, reservoir forming characteristics and resource potential of different structural sections, which are characterized by oil and gas enrichment in the middle section. The distribution and phase difference of oil and gas in Kuqa foreland basin are mainly controlled by the maturity of source rocks and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation. Through the understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation law and oil-gas distribution characteristics, it is of certain guiding significance to determine the next step exploration direction of Kuqa foreland basin.
Hydrocarbon generation potential of coal measure source rocks from lower Permian Shanxi Formation in the central-eastern Ordos Basin, China: control from sedimentary facies
Authors: Zhao Weibo , Zhang Hui , Liu Min , Zhang Tao , Wang Yunpeng , Guo Huijuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Source rocks of Shanxi Formation widely distributed in the Ordos Basin were deposited in different sedimentary facies. Different sedimentary facies differ in sedimentary environment and could have great impact on the accumulation of organic matters. TOC content and S1+S2 values of shale and coal samples from different sedimentary sub-facies of Shan 1 and Shan 2 sections of Shanxi Formation were measured to investigate the influence of sedimentary facies on organic geochemistry characteristics. The results showed that the average TOC content of shale samples from the pro-delta sub-facies of Shan 1 section was higher than other sub-facies and the shale samples from the shore shallow lake sub-facies of Shan 2 section had higher TOC content when compared with other three sub-facies. Compared with Shan 1 section, the Shan 2 section was richer in organic matter. And the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks from Shan 2 section was better than that of Shan 1 section. More than 50% of shale samples from the Shan 2 section was of fair to good hydrocarbon generation potential. This study could provide a framework for the identification of potential areas for conventional and unconventional petroleum exploration.
The impact of heat input on the microstructures, fatigue behaviors, and stress lives of TIG-welded 6061-T6 alloy joints
Authors: Rojas Hugo , Molina Arturo , Valdez Socorro , Campillo Bernardo , Martínez Horacio , Sedano Alejandro , Serna Sergio 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work shows that heat input is an important parameter that influences microstructural changes in the heat-affected zones (HAZs) of TIG-welded 6061-T6 alloy joints and their fatigue behavior. Double-shielded TIG samples were welded using various heat input parameters and a gas mixture of 50% He and 50% Ar was used to produce an improved weld penetration, their mechanical properties and microstructures of the samples were compared to those of the unwelded alloy. The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloys and the welding zones were evaluated by performing tensile and fatigue tests. The fatigue behaviors of the 6061-T6 joints welded with different heat inputs were assessed by performing cyclic fatigue experiments. Their microstructures were examined via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Grain coarsening was observed in the fusion zones (FZs), and heat input during TIG welding made the HAZs larger. Applying the lowest heat input value yielded samples with poor ultimate tensile strength, which was attributed to partial penetration and the presence of pores in the welded joints. The oxygen content of the weld pool depended directly on the shielding method and the surface temperature distribution.
Effect of doping and pressure on the electronic and magnetic properties of the quaternary Heusler alloys
Authors: Estaji Nasrin , Afshar Mahdi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effect of doping on the electronic structures and magnetic properties of the quaternary Heusler alloys under pressures is investigated. Electronic structure calculations reveal that ZrCoTiSi is a half-metallic ferromagnet with a total magnetic moment of 3.00 μ
B, which mostly arises from the 3d electrons of Ti atoms. In order to investigate the doping effects, different proportions of Y, Fe, Sc and Al atoms are substituted for Zr, Co, Ti and Si atoms, respectively. The calculated results on the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) indicate that, except Sc doping for x > 0.50, other substituted alloys can succeed the widely known Slater–Pauling rule (Mt = Zt − 18) of the ideal half-metallic materials, and preserve their half-metallic properties with full spin polarization. In addition, the behaviors of alloys with different concentrations of x under various pressures are investigated. ZrCoTi[Si(1 − x)Al(x)] and [Zr(1 − x)Y(x)]CoTiSi alloys keep up their half-metallicity by increasing proportions of x doping (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) under higher pressure in the range of 3.01 GPa to 17.61 GPa for Al doping and 3.01 GPa to 14.11 GPa for Y doping. However, in the replacement of Fe for Co in Zr[Co(1−x)Fe(x)]TiSi alloys, the resistance against pressure to conserve half-metallicity decreases from 3.01 GPa to 2.05 GPa. The Sc doping in ZrCo[Ti(1−x)Sc(x)]Si alloys causes loss of half-metallicity for x > 0.50, and endures up to 1.67 GPa external pressure to preserve their half-metallic properties.
Effect of sintering temperature on microstructure and properties of nano-WC particle reinforced copper matrix composites prepared by hot-pressing sintering
Authors: Zhou Weiwei , Hong Lekang , Wang Yingjun , Ye Nan , Tang Jiancheng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A novel nano-WC/Cu-based composite with nanometer WC dispersed in the copper matrix was successfully prepared by vacuum hot-pressing sintering. The effects of different hot-pressing sintering temperatures on the microstructure, conductivity, strength, and hardness of the composite were investigated. As a result, with the increase of temperature, the distribution of nano-WC particles in the matrix is more even, and the relative density can reach about 100% when sintering temperature increase to 1075 °C. The electrical conductivity of the composites sharply increases from 62.5 to 90%IACS when sintering temperature increase from 950 °C to 1100 °C. Furthermore, as the sintering temperature rises from 950 °C to 1100 °C, the ultimate tensile strength gradually increases from 123 to 425 Mpa, and the hardness increases from 127.5 to 150 HV. In addition, the composite also displayed excellent resistance to high temperature softening at 800 °C.
The Biology of the Cape Honey Bee,Apis mellifera capensis(Hymenoptera: Apidae): A Review of Thelytoky and Its Influence on Social Parasitism and Worker Reproduction
Authors: Mumoki Fiona N , Yusuf Abdullahi A , Pirk Christian W W , Crewe Robin M 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCohesion in social insect colonies is maintained by use of chemical signals produced by the queen, workers, and brood. In honey bees in particular, signals from the queen and brood are crucial for the regulation of reproductive division of labor, ensuring that the only reproductive female individual in the colony is the queen, whereas the workers remain reproductively sterile. However, even given this strict level of control, workers can, in principle, activate their ovaries and lay eggs. Although much is known about the behavioral and physiological traits that accompany the switch from worker sterility to being reproductively active, much less is known regarding the molecular changes that accompany this switch. This review will explore what is known about the genes and molecular pathways involved in the making of laying workers/false queens in the Cape honey bee, Apis mellifera capensis Eschscholtz, through an analysis of the basis for thelytoky in this subspecies, the exocrine glandular chemistry of reproductively dominant workers and what is known about the biosynthesis of their pheromone components. This review will contribute to our understanding of the genetic regulation of thelytoky and the molecular mechanisms that govern reproductive division of labor in honey bees and provide generalizations that may be applicable to other social hymenoptera using this evolutionary fascinating example of worker reproduction.
Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations and Risk of Subsequent Heart Failure Hospital Admissions: A 20-Year Territorywide Registry Study in Hong Kong, China
Authors: Chair Sek Ying , Cheng Ho Yu , Choi Kai Chow , Siow Elaine K C , Cao Xi , Fung Erik 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease after influenza infection in younger adults. In a territorywide Hong Kong, China, study using clinical registry data for 1997–2017, we examined the association between influenza-associated hospitalizations and the risk of subsequent hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in 3 age groups: 18–44 years, 45–65 years, and &gt;65 years. Exposure was defined as any infection with influenzavirus as a primary principal diagnosis for hospitalization, whereas the nonexposed control group comprised persons with hospitalizations for elective orthopedic surgery. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk of HHF within 12 months of hospital discharge for the exposed group versus the nonexposed group. Results showed that influenza-associated hospitalization in the preceding 12 months was associated with increased risk of subsequent HHF in all age groups (all P values &lt; 0.001). Notably, the age group 18–44 years was found to have the highest elevated risk of HHF (adjusted odds ratio = 14.90, 95% confidence interval: 4.48, 49.58). In view of the relatively small number of subsequent HHF episodes in this age group, future studies are needed to confirm the elevated risk in this group and to explore the role of age in the relationship between influenza-associated hospitalization and subsequent HHF.
Measuring Multiple Dimensions and Indices of Nonvaccination Clustering in Michigan, 2008–2018
Authors: Masters Nina B , Delamater Paul L , Boulton Matthew L , Zelner Jon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Michigan experienced a significant measles outbreak in 2019 amidst rising rates of nonmedical vaccine exemptions (NMEs) and low vaccination coverage compared with the rest of the United States. There is a critical need to better understand the landscape of nonvaccination in Michigan to assess the risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks in the state, yet there is no agreed-upon best practice for characterizing spatial clustering of nonvaccination, and numerous clustering metrics are available in the statistical, geographical, and epidemiologic literature. We used school-level data to characterize the spatiotemporal landscape of vaccine exemptions in Michigan for the period 2008–2018 using Moran’s I, the isolation index, the modified aggregation index, and the Theil index at 4 spatial scales. We also used nonvaccination thresholds of 5%, 10%, and 20% to assess the bias incurred when aggregating vaccination data. We found that aggregating school-level data to levels commonly used for public reporting can lead to large biases in identifying the number and location of at-risk students and that different clustering metrics yielded variable interpretations of the nonvaccination landscape in Michigan. This study shows the importance of choosing clustering metrics with their mechanistic interpretations in mind, be it large- or fine-scale heterogeneity or between- and within-group contributions to spatial variation.
Beliefs don’t simplify our reasoning, credences do
Authors: Dinges Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Doxastic dualists acknowledge both outright beliefs and credences, and they maintain that neither state is reducible to the other. This gives rise to the ‘Bayesian Challenge’, which is to explain why we need beliefs if we have credences already. On a popular dualist response to the Bayesian Challenge, we need beliefs to simplify our reasoning. I argue that this response fails because credences perform this simplifying function at least as well as beliefs do.
Integrated hybrid de novo assembly technologies to obtain high-quality pig genome using short and long reads
Authors: Du Heng , Diao Chenguang , Zhao Pengju , Zhou Lei , Liu Jian-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
With the rapid progress of sequencing technologies, various types of sequencing reads and assembly algorithms have been designed to construct genome assemblies. Although recent studies have attempted to evaluate the appropriate type of sequencing reads and algorithms for assembling high-quality genomes, it is still a challenge to set the correct combination for constructing animal genomes. Here, we present a comparative performance assessment of 14 assembly combinations—9 software programs with different short and long reads of Duroc pig. Based on the results of the optimization process for genome construction, we designed an integrated hybrid de novo assembly pipeline, HSCG, and constructed a draft genome for Duroc pig. Comparison between the new genome and Sus scrofa 11.1 revealed important breakpoints in two S. scrofa 11.1 genes. Our findings may provide new insights into the pan-genome analysis studies of agricultural animals, and the integrated assembly pipeline may serve as a guide for the assembly of other animal genomes.
Depression Prediction amongst Chinese Older Adults with Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Performance Comparison between Decision Tree Model and Logistic Regression Analysis
Authors: Hao Zhichao , Yang Beichen , Ruggiano Nicole , Ma Yunying , Guo Yuqi , Pan Xiaofu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Data analyses using artificial intelligence (AI) have not gained popularity in social work as much as other disciplines. To demonstrate its use, this study focused on Chinese older adults with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) to (i) develop a prediction model using decision tree model to identify factors associated with depression and (ii) compare the prediction performance of decision tree model with that of logistic regression analysis. Decision tree model processing involved four stages: data collection, data preparation, model development, and result evaluation. An algorithm named Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) was utilised to grow the decision tree by Python 3.7.1. The performance evaluation was based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Goodness index (G). Seven factors grew the decision tree, including Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Health status, Activity of Daily Living (ADL), Gender, Self-rated health change and Age. When compared to logistic regression, the decision tree model had a much better performance in depression prediction. Researchers, practitioners and policymakers need to focus on ways to decrease the vulnerability of depression in Chinese older adults with NDs. Also, the decision tree model can be applied as a referral to other physical or mental diseases prediction and analysis.
The promoting effects of hsa_circ_0050102 in pancreatic cancer and the molecular mechanism by targeting miR-1182/NPSR1
Authors: Hua Surong , Gao Junyi , Li Tong , Wang Mengyi , You Lei , Chen Ge , Han Xianlin , Liao Quan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal tumors across the world with an overall 5-year survival rate of 9%, and great efforts have been devoted in early diagnosis and treatment in the past decades. Competing endogenous RNAs are novel and specific regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, and researches have indicated its important roles in tumor regulation. In this study, we explored the circ-0050102 expression in pancreatic cancer and its impacts on tumor malignant phenotypes and further investigated the correlations among circ-0050102, miR-1182 and NPSR1. Results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that circ-0050102 expressed higher in pancreatic cancers compared with that in adjacent normal tissues. In cell functional experiment, downregulation of circ-0050102 could suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability, boost cell apoptosis and arrest cell cycle in both PANC-1 and CFPAC-1 cells. Furthermore, allogeneic transplantation in nude mice was performed and results showed that the inhibition of circ-0050102 could slow down tumor formation in vivo. Mechanism research suggested that circ-0050102 could downregulate miR-1182, while miR-1182 could not influence the expression of circ-0050102, and miR-1182 could directly target at NPSR1 and suppress it. Moreover, circ-0050102 could reverse the effects of si-NPSR1 on pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, we identified that circ-0050102 played an important role in promoting pancreatic cancer by regulating the miR-1182/NPSR1 pathway.
Feasibility of Onchocerciasis Elimination Using a “Test-and-not-treat” Strategy in Loa loa Co-endemic Areas
Authors: Blok David J , Kamgno Joseph , Pion Sebastien D , Nana-Djeunga Hugues C , Niamsi-Emalio Yannick , Chesnais Cedric B , Mackenzie Charles D , Klion Amy D , Fletcher Daniel A , Nutman Thomas B , de Vlas Sake J , Boussinesq Michel , Stolk Wilma A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin is the main strategy for onchocerciasis elimination. Ivermectin is generally safe, but is associated with serious adverse events in individuals with high Loa loa microfilarial densities (MFD). Therefore, ivermectin MDA is not recommended in areas where onchocerciasis is hypo-endemic and L loa is co-endemic. To eliminate onchocerciasis in those areas, a test-and-not-treat (TaNT) strategy has been proposed. We investigated whether onchocerciasis elimination can be achieved using TaNT and the required duration.

Methods
We used the individual-based model ONCHOSIM to predict the impact of TaNT on onchocerciasis microfilarial (mf) prevalence. We simulated precontrol mf prevalence levels from 2% to 40%. The impact of TaNT was simulated under varying levels of participation, systematic nonparticipation, and exclusion from ivermectin resulting from high L loa MFD. For each scenario, we assessed the time to elimination, defined as bringing onchocerciasis mf prevalence below 1.4%.

Results
In areas with 30% to 40% precontrol mf prevalence, the model predicted that it would take between 14 and 16 years to bring the mf prevalence below 1.4% using conventional MDA, assuming 65% participation. TaNT would increase the time to elimination by up to 1.5 years, depending on the level of systematic nonparticipation and the exclusion rate. At lower exclusion rates (≤2.5%), the delay would be less than 6 months.

Conclusions
Our model predicts that onchocerciasis can be eliminated using TaNT in L loa co-endemic areas. The required treatment duration using TaNT would be only slightly longer than in areas with conventional MDA, provided that participation is good.