bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Septal Cartilage Traction Suture Technique for Correction of Caudal Septal Deviation
Authors: Seo Hyo‐Seok , Na Han‐Seul , Kim Sung‐Dong , Yi Keun‐Ik , Mun Sue‐Jean , Cho Kyu‐Sup 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveCorrection of the caudal septum deviation is the most difficult part of the septoplasty and a common cause of revision septoplasty. The purpose of this study was to present authors’ preliminary results in the treatment of patients with caudal septal deviation using the septal cartilage traction suture technique.Study DesignProspective, single center, observational study.Materials and MethodsSixty‐seven patients with a caudal septal deviation underwent septal cartilage traction suture technique with endonasal septoplasty. After removal of excessive caudal cartilage, the caudal L‐strut was sutured at two or more points using 5–0 Vicryl on the modified Killian incision site. Subjective outcomes using visual analog scales (VAS) and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, objective endoscopic examination, and acoustic rhinometry data were assessed.ResultsThere was significant symptomatic improvement in the VAS and NOSE scale at 1, 3, and 6 months postsurgery. Complete correction in the endoscopy was observed in the 91.0% of patients at 3 months postsurgery. The results of acoustic rhinometry increased from 0.3 and 4.3 preoperatively to 0.7 and 7.7 at 3 months postoperatively. Furthermore, no patient experienced septal hematoma, septal perforation, and loss of nasal tip support at 6 months follow‐up.ConclusionsThe septal cartilage traction suture technique obtained significant improvement in subjective and objective outcomes in patients with caudal septal deviation. This technique is a simple, safe, and effective method to treat caudal septal deviation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 2020
Revealing Interfacial Interactions in Random Copolymer Adsorbed Layers by Solvent Leaching
Authors: Davis Mary J. B. , Randazzo Katelyn , Zuo Biao , Priestley Rodney D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnnealing a supported polymer film in the melt state results in the growth of an irreversibly adsorbed layer, which has been shown to influence thin film properties such as diffusion and glass transition temperature. Adsorbed layer growth is attributed to many simultaneous interactions between individual monomer units and the substrate, stabilizing chains against desorption. In this study, adsorbed layers of polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and their random copolymers are isolated by select solvents. While PS adsorbed layer thickness is largely unaffected by the choice of washing solvent, the PMMA adsorbed layer completely desorbs when washed with tetrahydrofuran and chloroform, as opposed to toluene. Scaling relationships between adsorbed layer thickness and degree of chain adsorption at the substrate enable the use of adsorbed layer thickness to probe specific polymer‐substrate interactions. Composition‐dependent desorption trends indicate non‐preferential adsorption between styrene and methyl methacrylate repeat units at the substrate, despite differences in substrate interaction strength. This insight contributes to the developing mechanism for the adsorption of random copolymers during melt‐state annealing, further extending the ability to predict processing‐inducted changes to the properties of polymer thin films to heterogeneous systems.
A new type of compact ultra‐wideband planar fractal antenna with WLAN band rejection
Authors: Garg Rahul Kumar , Nair Maroor Vikraman Deepak , Singhal Sarthak , Tomar Raghuvir 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new type of fractal‐shaped microstrip patch antenna for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications and with sufficient rejection in the WLAN band is presented. The radiating patch is placed on a 1.6 mm thick low‐cost FR‐4 epoxy substrate and is fed using a symmetric coplanar waveguide. The size of the proposed antenna in terms of wavelength is 0.189λ0 × 0.197λ0. A sectorial‐circular slot in the patch is used to create WLAN band notch. An impedance bandwidth of 11.76 GHz (from 2.19 to 13.95 GHz) is achieved, along with achieving WLAN band rejection from 4.67 to 6.21 GHz. Nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern with the maximum gain of 5 dB in the passband is achieved. In the rejection band, the gain drops to −3 dB. The simulated results are verified against experimental data and a good agreement between the two sets of data is seen. The proposed antenna covers both the unlicensed 2.4 GHz band and the UWB.
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Japanese Eels Anguilla japonica in a Large Subtropical River (Pearl River), China
Authors: Shuai Fangmin , Liu Qianfu , Liu Yaqiu , Wu Zhi , Lek Sovan , Chen Yushun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Japanese Eel Anguilla japonica is an important migratory fish with great commercial and conservational significance in Asia. The Pearl River in southern China provides important natural growing and rearing grounds for glass eel recruits, but there is very limited information on their population characteristics. We studied the resource status and habitat preferences of Japanese Eels in the Pearl River from 2015 to 2018. In total, 181 Japanese Eels (89 males and 92 females) were collected during the study period. In terms of frequency of occurrence, Japanese Eels contributed less than 1% of the total number of collected fish specimens. Most of the eels were between 255 and 600 mm TL. Redundancy analysis indicated that eels were mainly distributed in the downstream portion of the river and preferred more complex habitats characterized by larger river fractals, higher coefficients of fluvial facies, and greater river widths. Adults preferred to inhabit areas with larger fractals and river widths, whereas juveniles inhabited areas with higher coefficients of fluvial facies. Young‐of‐the‐year eels preferred habitats near the estuary and with high water salinity. Dams have blocked the eels’ migration routes and affected their spatial distribution, in turn leading to a reduction in the population. This study was part of a long‐term investigation of wild Japanese Eels in the Pearl River, and the results showed that the Japanese Eel resource in southern China is extremely scarce and its conservation is greatly needed.
One‐step synthesis of macromonomers catalyzed by phosphazene base
Authors: Xia Deyong , Jiang Qimin , Jiang Li , Huang Wenyan , Yang Hongjun , Xue Xiaoqiang , Jiang Bibiao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, we report one‐step synthesis of polymethacrylates‐based macromonomers (MMs) in the presence of an organocatalyst phosphazene base (t‐BuP4) and a functional initiator N‐butyl‐4‐vinylbenzamide (N‐BVBA) containing a secondary amide and a styrenic double bond. A series of styrenic MMs with controlled molecular weight and relatively narrow polydispersity were synthesized under mild conditions. Detailed NMR analyses of the initiation process suggested that the anionic polymerization was initiated by nitrogen anion generated from abstraction of the proton from the secondary amide. NMR and MALDI‐TOF MS analyses confirmed: (1) the selective polymerization of methacrylate‐type double bonds, (2) controlled chain‐end functionality of MMs with an unreacted styrenic double bond, as well as (3) the absence of transesterification between N‐BVBA and methacrylate monomers. Furthermore, the homopolymerization and copolymerization of the MMs with comonomers were carried out for the preparation of graft copolymers. Through conventional radical polymerization, graft copolymers with different grafting densities were obtained at high MMs conversions, indicating the high reactivity of MMs. Thus, the one‐step approach demonstrates a simple metal‐free access to the controlled synthesis of MMs, and the prepared MMs can polymerize efficiently to convert into graft copolymers.
Unmet information needs of men with breast cancer and health professionals
Authors: Bootsma Tom I. , Duijveman Petra , Pijpe Anouk , Scheelings Pernilla C. , Witkamp Arjen J. , Bleiker Eveline M. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveMale breast cancer (MBC) is rare. Information about breast cancer is usually designed for female patients. However, in males this disease and some side effects differ from its female counterpart. Therefore, there is a need for male‐specific information. The aim was to assess unmet information needs of (a) MBC patients and (b) health professionals.MethodsDutch MBC patients (diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 in 21 hospitals), patient advocates and partners were invited to participate in focus groups and/or complete a paper‐based questionnaire on information needs. In addition, an online questionnaire on information needs was sent to health professionals involved in MBC patient care.ResultsIn three focus groups with MBC patients (N = 12) and partners (N = 2) the following unmet information themes were identified: patients' experiences/photographs, symptoms, (delay of) diagnosis, treatments, side effects, follow‐up, psychological impact/coping, genetics and family, research and raising awareness. 77 of 107 MBC patients (72%) completed the questionnaire: most patients lacked information about acute (65%) or late (56%) side effects, particularly sexual side effects. Among health professionals, 110 of 139 (79%) had searched for MBC‐related information, specifically: patient information, anti‐hormonal therapy, genetic testing, research, and psychosocial issues.ConclusionsUnmet information needs in MBC patients and health professionals were identified. Specific information on MBC should be developed to improve timely diagnosis, quality of life, treatment, and survival. A targeted website is an ideal tool to meet these needs. Therefore, we integrated these results into a user‐centered design to develop an informative website, www.mannenmetborstkanker.nl.
Partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants in four European countries
Authors: Hannemann Tina , Kulu Hill , González‐Ferrer Amparo , Pailhé Ariane , Rahnu Leen , Puur Allan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study investigates union formation and dissolution among immigrants and their descendants in four European countries with different migration histories and family patterns (United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Estonia). Although there is a growing body of literature on migrant families in Europe, there is still little comparative research on partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants. We apply event history analysis to pooled data from the four countries. The analysis shows a significant variation in partnership patterns across migrant groups in some countries (e.g., South Asians vs. Caribbeans in the United Kingdom) and similar partnership behaviour for some migrant groups in different countries (e.g., South Asians in the United Kingdom and immigrants from Turkey in France). Descendants of immigrants often exhibit partnership patterns that are similar to those of their parents' generation. The country context matters; specific patterns are observed for Spain and Estonia.
Pseudopotential‐fragment spectroscopy for organic molecules and carbon allotropes
Authors: Punter Alexander , Nava Paola , Carissan Yannick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFollowing on from a previous work (Punter et al., IJQC 2019, 119, 23), pseudopotential sets are developed and tested for a variety of sp2 and sp3 carbon fragments. These fragments contain only one or two explicit protons and electrons, and make use of non‐atom‐centered potentials. They are tested with density functional theory calculations in a selection of chemical environments in which several physical characteristics, including orbital and first ionization energies, are found to be well reproduced. They are then employed in the reproduction of molecular absorption spectra for large organic molecules and carbon allotropes, and are found to recreate both absorption and electronic circular dichroism spectra to a high accuracy. They are also found significantly to increase the computational efficiency of time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations in which they are used.
Comparison of planktonic and reed biofilm bacteria in different riverine water bodies of river Danube
Authors: Borsodi Andrea K. , Anda Dóra , Krett Gergely , Megyes Melinda , Németh Kitti , Dobosy Péter , Aszalós Júlia Margit , Engloner Attila 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs the submerged shoot parts of common reed (Phragmites australis) can provide large surfaces for biofilm‐forming bacteria, extensive reed stands can effectively contribute to the self‐purification in the littoral zones of freshwaters. However, bacterial biofilm developed on reed surfaces have been studied only in still waters. In the present study, comparative examinations were performed on the planktonic and reed biofilm bacterial communities from two different riverine water bodies. Water and reed biofilm samples were taken at the beginning and end of the vegetation period from (a) a regulated side arm and (b) a separated oxbow of River Danube. Besides measuring physical and chemical environmental variables, planktonic bacterial cell numbers were detected by 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining method, and the bacterial communities were compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Our results demonstrated that the structure and composition of bacterial communities correlated with different environmental variables and were different regarding both the habitats (planktonic vs. reed biofilm) and the types of riverine water bodies. The seasonal differences in the bacterial community structures were smaller in the river side arm than in the separated oxbow. In the water column, representatives of widespread and typical freshwater planktonic bacteria (“Candidatus Planktophila,” Limnohabitans, and Polynucleobacter), whereas, in the reed biofilm samples, phototrophic and plant associated bacteria were identified.
An unseen synchrony or recurrent resource pulse opportunity? linking fisheries with aeroecology
Authors: Hansen Henry H. , Pegg Mark , Van Den Broeke Matthew , Watkinson Doug , Enders Eva C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding insect and fish interactions from a spatial and temporal perspective can have implications on large‐scale phenology in freshwater systems, yet current information is limited. We employed a novel approach of combining information from acoustic telemetry for six freshwater fish species and weather radar to assess the phenology of mayfly emergence and foraging patterns of freshwater fish. We hypothesized that freshwater fish conduct synchronous movements with annual mayfly hatches as a pulse resource opportunity. Generalized additive models were developed to assess movement distance as a function of species and time; before, during, and after annual mayfly hatch events. A cross‐section abundance index was also employed to quantify dynamics of aerial mayflies. Hatch dynamics revealed nocturnal emergence behaviour with annual variations in intensity, spatial extent, and origin. We found that the hatch was likely a pulse resource feeding opportunity for channel catfish, common carp, freshwater drum, and walleye instead of a synchronized feeding event. Bigmouth buffalo and lake sturgeon utilized riverine habitat away from the hatch and did not likely forage on the emerging mayflies. Remote sensing of fishes and emergent insects using our approach is the first attempt at bridging the capabilities of fisheries ecology and aeroecology to advance movement ecology.
Spatial effects of economic growth, energy consumption and environmental pollution in the provinces of China—An empirical study of a spatial econometrics model
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Ke , Zhao Feng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith sustained economic growth, environmental pollution in China has become increasingly serious and displays certain regional differences. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of economic growth, energy consumption, and environmental pollution in China and understand the dynamic pollution mechanisms for the implementation of regional collaborative governance. Based on the theory of the environmental Kuznets curve, this paper uses panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2008 to 2018 and applies a spatial analysis model to study the correlation among economic growth, energy consumption, and the spatial distribution of environmental pollution. A spatial measurement method is adopted to study the spatial effects of economic growth and energy consumption on environmental pollution. The results show that economic growth, the energy structure, and industrial pollution in China are spatially correlated and that there are different agglomeration areas in the spatial distribution. In terms of the temporal dimension, the energy consumption effect and technological pollution effect in China led to increased environmental pollution, and changes in the structure effect indirectly improved the environmental situation. In the spatial dimension, the high‐value clusters of the structural, energy consumption, and technological pollution effects are mainly in the central and western regions of China, and the low‐value clusters are mostly in the eastern and northeastern regions of China.
An Efficient location‐aware routing approach in opportunistic networks
Authors: Wang Xinyan , Wang Xiaoming , Wang Liang , Qin Xueyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn opportunistic network is a kind of self‐organizing network that makes use of the encountering opportunities to realize short‐distance wireless communication. Because of the intermittent connectivity between nodes and dynamic network topology, how to devise a reliable and efficient routing approach has become a challenging issue. However, the periodic update mechanism of the node's location information in the existing works costs too much. To address this issue, we propose a location‐aware opportunistic routing (LAOR) approach. In the the proposed LAOR, we first establish a location‐aware prediction model based on the Markov process to predict the node's next location. Then we devise a decision‐making scheme of message forwarding to select the desired relay nodes based on the node's delivery probability. In addition, we introduce a dynamic buffer management strategy to determine the message priority. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed model and the high efficiency of the LAOR approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed LAOR outperforms the existing Epidemic, Prophet, history‐based prediction routing, and location prediction‐based forwarding for routing using Markov chain algorithms in terms of delivery ratio, overhead ratio, and the number of messages dropped. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Extraction of nanostructured sodium nitrate from industrial effluent and their thermal properties
Authors: Yadav Krishna K. , Sharma Manu , Jha Menaka 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study describes a process of extraction of high purity sodium nitrate from corrosive chemical industry effluents. Here, we have designed a process to convert highly corrosive effluents of ceramic industries having pH ~13.1 into sodium nitrate nanoparticles. The extraction of sodium nitrate has been carried out via neutralization of industrial effluent by nitric acid. We have also studied the effect of low boiling point co‐solvent during recrystallization of sodium nitrate. TEM studies of sodium nitrate extracted from the filtrate in the absence of co‐solvent show the formation of nanoparticle of ~70 nm. Further, a drastic decrease in particle size to 10 nm has been observed when co‐solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) were used in combination with filtrate during the recrystallization process of sodium nitrate. Thermal properties of sodium nitrate extracted from filtrate have been investigated. Our result indicates that the nanoparticles extracted from filtrate having very high heat storage density (453 J/g) without hampering the melting point and boiling point of the materials.Practitioner points

The new chemical process has been developed to treat the industrial effluent

Extraction of nanostructured sodium nitrate has been carried from industrial effluent

The particle size of sodium nitrate drastically influenced by the used co‐solvent for recrystallization

The highest heat storage density is 453 J/g, which was obtained from the recrystallization of the filtrate
Towards Guidelines for Medical Professionals to Ensure Cybersecurity in Digital Health Care
Authors: Koeppe David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThere are no independent foundations and systems for general information security in medicine. For the special processing situations and in particular for the very high protection requirements of data and processes—ultimately health and life can depend on bits and bytes—a corresponding implementation of the essentially industry-independent procedure must take place. This topic is set to receive a special boost both among patients and among those responsible in the institutions because of the considerable increase in data protection awareness following the EU data protection basic regulation. This set of regulations addresses not only the lawfulness but also the security of the processing and threatens considerable sanctions in the event of gross negligence in this area. Regardless of whether this leads to the implementation of a proper information security management system in a larger institution—or whether the resources for such a large solution are not available in a small medical practice and it is instead sufficient for a successive long-term project to be processed—the topic must be addressed systematically.
A Care-Based Stakeholder Approach to Ethics of Cybersecurity in Business
Authors: Morgan Gwenyth , Gordijn Bert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis chapter focuses on ethical issues in cybersecurity in business. It first sketches the main ethical issues discussed in the academic literature thus far. Next, it identifies some important topics that have not yet received the attention they deserve. The chapter then focuses on one of those topics, ransomware attacks, one of the most prevalent cybersecurity threats to businesses today. It provides a brief overview of the main types of ransomware attacks and discusses businesses’ responsibilities to their stakeholders to respond to them. Daniel Engster’s care-based stakeholder approach is used to assess the responsibilities that businesses have to their stakeholders. The analysis involves establishing who counts as a stakeholder when a ransomware attack occurs and what the stakeholders’ interests might be. Based on stakeholders’ interests, the analysis concludes on whether businesses have an ethical responsibility to their stakeholders to (1) respond to grey hat demands by patching identified vulnerabilities within the given timeframe and (2) respond to black hat demands by paying the ransom.