bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated intracranial pressure after head trauma can be suppressed by antisecretory factor—a pilot study
Authors: Gatzinsky Kliment , Johansson Ewa , Jennische Eva , Oshalim Merna , Lange Stefan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Control of intracranial pressure (ICP) is a key element in neurointensive care for directing treatment decisions in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The anti-inflammatory protein antisecretory factor (AF) has been demonstrated to reduce experimentally induced high ICP in animal models. This report describes the first steps to investigate the uptake, safety, and influence of AF for reduction of elevated ICP in patients with TBI in a clinical setting.

Method
Four patients with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale < 9) that required neurointensive care with ICP monitoring due to signs of refractory intracranial hypertension were investigated. One hundred milliliters of Salovum®, a commercially available egg yolk powder with high contents of AF peptides, was administrated either via nasogastric (patients 1 and 2) or rectal tube (patients 2, 3, and 4) every 8 h for 2 to 3 days as a supplement to the conventional neurointensive care. ICP was registered continuously. Plasma levels of AF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to confirm that Salovum® was absorbed appropriately into the bloodstream.

Results
In the first two patients, we observed that when delivered by the nasogastric route, there was an accumulation of the Salovum® solution in the stomach with difficulties to control ICP due to impaired gastric emptying. Therefore, we tested to administer Salovum® rectally. In the third and fourth patients, who both showed radiological signs of extensive brain edema, ICP could be controlled during the course of rectal administration of Salovum®. The ICP reduction was statistically significant and was accompanied by an increase in blood levels of AF. No adverse events that could be attributed to AF treatment or the rectal approach for Salovum® administration were observed.

Conclusions
The outcomes suggest that AF can act as a suppressor of high ICP induced by traumatic brain edema. Use of AF may offer a new therapeutic option for targeting cerebral edema in clinical practice.
Viable supply chain model: integrating agility, resilience and sustainability perspectives—lessons from and thinking beyond the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractViability is the ability of a supply chain (SC) to maintain itself and survive in a changing environment through a redesign of structures and replanning of performance with long-term impacts. In this paper, we theorize a new notion—the viable supply chain (VSC). In our approach, viability is considered as an underlying SC property spanning three perspectives, i.e., agility, resilience, and sustainability. The principal ideas of the VSC model are adaptable structural SC designs for supply–demand allocations and, most importantly, establishment and control of adaptive mechanisms for transitions between the structural designs. Further, we demonstrate how the VSC components can be categorized across organizational, informational, process-functional, technological, and financial structures. Moreover, our study offers a VSC framework within an SC ecosystem. We discuss the relations between resilience and viability. Through the lens and guidance of dynamic systems theory, we illustrate the VSC model at the technical level. The VSC model can be of value for decision-makers to design SCs that can react adaptively to both positive changes (i.e., the agility angle) and be able to absorb negative disturbances, recover and survive during short-term disruptions and long-term, global shocks with societal and economical transformations (i.e., the resilience and sustainability angles). The VSC model can help firms in guiding their decisions on recovery and re-building of their SCs after global, long-term crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. We emphasize that resilience is the central perspective in the VSC guaranteeing viability of the SCs of the future. Emerging directions in VSC research are discussed.
Nanoparticle Formation and Behavior in Turbulent Spray Flames Investigated by DNS
Authors: Abdelsamie Abouelmagd , Kruis Frank Einar , Wiggers Hartmut , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis work is a first direct numerical simulation of a configuration closely related to the SpraySyn burner (Schneider et al. in Rev Sci Instrum 90:085108, 2019). This burner has been recently developed at the University of Duisburg-Essen to investigate experimentally nanoparticle synthesis in spray flames for a variety of materials. The present simulations are performed for ethanol and titanium tetraisopropoxide as a solvent and precursor, respectively, in order to produce titanium dioxide nanoparticles. In the direct numerical simulations, the complete scenario leading to the production of well-defined nanoparticles is taken into account, including evaporation of the liquid mixture (solvent and precursor) injected as a spray, multi-step kinetics for gas-phase combustion, and finally nanoparticle synthesis. The employed models are described in this article. Additionally, the impact of the inlet velocity of the pilot flame on the nanoparticle synthesis is investigated. It has been found that increasing this speed delays spray flame ignition, decreases nanoparticle concentration, but leads to a narrower size distribution at early stage.
Administrative due process when using automated decision-making in public administration: some notes from a Finnish perspective
Authors: Suksi Markku 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVarious due process provisions designed for use by civil servants in administrative decision-making may become redundant when automated decision-making is taken into use in public administration. Problems with mechanisms of good government, responsibility and liability for automated decisions and the rule of law require attention of the law-maker in adapting legal provisions to this new form of decision-making. Although the general data protection regulation of the European Union is important in acknowledging automated decision-making, most of the legal safeguards within administrative due process have to be provided for by the national law-maker. It is suggested that all countries have a need to review their rules of administrative due process with a view to bringing them up to date regarding the requirements of automated decision-making. In whichever way the legislation is framed, the key issues are that persons who develop the algorithm and the code as well as persons who run or deal with the software within public authorities are aware of the preventive safeguards of legality in the context of automated decision-making, not only of the reactive safeguards constituted by the complaint procedures, and that legal mechanisms exist under which these persons can be held accountable and liable for decisions produced by automated decision-making. It is also argued that only rule-based systems of automatized decision-making are compatible with the rule of law and that there is a general interest in preventing a development into a rule of algorithm.
Non-invasive assessment of central venous pressure in heart failure: a systematic prospective comparison of echocardiography and Swan-Ganz catheter
Authors: Szymczyk Tobias , Sauzet Odile , Paluszkiewicz Lech J. , Costard-Jäckle Angelika , Potratz Max , Rudolph Volker , Gummert Jan F. , Fox Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAssessing hemodynamics, especially central venous pressure (CVP), is essential in heart failure (HF). Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold-standard, but non-invasive methods are also needed. However, the role of 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) remains uncertain, and 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is not always available. This study investigated standardized and breathing-corrected assessment of inferior vena cava (IVC) volume using echocardiography (2DE and 3DE) versus CVP determined invasively using RHC. Sixty consecutive HF patients were included (82% male, age 54 ± 11 years, New York Heart Association class 2.23 ± 0.8, ejection fraction 46 ± 18.4%, brain natriuretic peptide 696.93 ± 773.53 pg/mL). All patients underwent Swan-Ganz RHC followed by 2DE and 3DE, and IVC volume assessment. On 2DE, mean IVC size was 18.3 ± 5.5 mm and 13.8 ± 6 mm in the largest deflection and shortest distention, respectively. Mean CVP from RHC was 9.3 ± 5.3 mmHg. Neither 2DE nor 3DE showed acceptable correlation with invasively measured CVP; IVC volume acquisition showed optimal correlation with RHC CVP (0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.46–0.77), with better correlation when mitral valve early diastole E wave and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter were added. Using a CVP cut-point of 10 mmHg, receiver operating characteristic curve showed true positivity (specificity) of 0.90 and sensitivity of 62% for predicting CVP. A validation study confirmed these findings and verified the high predictive value of IVC volume assessment. Neither 2DE nor 3DE alone can reliably mirror CVP, but IVC volume acquisition using echocardiography allows non-invasive and adequate approximation of CVP. Correlation with invasively measured pressure was strongest when CVP is > 10 mmHg.
Exploring Staff Implementation of a Self-directed Parenting Intervention for Parents with Mental Health Difficulties
Authors: Butler J. , Gregg L. , Calam R. , Wittkowski A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractParents with mental health difficulties face significant barriers in accessing evidence-based parenting interventions. Self-directed approaches may be a destigmatising, accessible alternative. Evidence has suggested that Triple P Positive Parenting Programme’s self-directed format is as effective as more time- and cost-intensive delivery methods. The aim of the current study was to establish whether staff were able to use this intervention with parents with mental health difficulties and to explore staff experiences of implementation. Triple P self-help workbooks were provided to practitioners across three teams. Data were collected regarding workbook uptake and use. Interviews with staff exploring their experiences of implementation were analysed using thematic analysis. Overall, 41 participants were recruited, of which 12 (29.27%) also consented to interviews. Overall, six practitioners (14.63%) reported that they utilised the workbook. Uptake and utilisation were varied, but practitioners who used the workbook reported positive outcomes. Interviews revealed themes regarding practitioner concerns, views of the intervention and implementation issues. Self-directed Triple remains a promising intervention but its feasibility is dependent on addressing barriers to implementation and facilitating a family-focused approach to meet the needs of these parents and their children.
Attentional Bias for Cues Signaling Punishment and Reward in Adolescents: Cross-Sectional and Prognostic Associations with Symptoms of Anxiety and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Kreuze L. J. , Jonker N. C. , Hartman C. A. , Nauta M. H. , de Jong P. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHeightened reward sensitivity has been proposed as a risk factor for developing behavioral disorders whereas heightened punishment sensitivity has been related to the development of anxiety disorders in youth. Combining a cross-sectional (n = 696, mean age = 16.14) and prospective (n = 598, mean age = 20.20) approach, this study tested the hypotheses that an attentional bias for punishing cues is involved in the development of anxiety disorders and an attentional bias for rewarding cues in the development of behavioral disorders. A spatial orientation task was used to examine the relation between an attentional bias for punishing cues and an attentional bias for rewarding cues with anxiety and behavioral problems in a subsample of a large prospective population cohort study. Our study indicates that attentional biases to general cues of punishment and reward do not seem to be important risk factors for the development of anxiety or behavioral problems respectively. It might be that attentional biases play a role in the maintenance of psychological problems. This remains open for future research.
Building Strategies into QBF Proofs
Authors: Beyersdorff Olaf , Blinkhorn Joshua , Mahajan Meena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStrategy extraction is of great importance for quantified Boolean formulas (QBF), both in solving and proof complexity. So far in the QBF literature, strategy extraction has been algorithmically performedfromproofs. Here we devise the first QBF system where (partial) strategies are builtintothe proof and are piecewise constructed by simple operations along with the derivation. This has several advantages: (1) lines of our calculus have a clear semantic meaning as they are accompanied by semantic objects; (2) partial strategies are represented succinctly (in contrast to some previous approaches); (3) our calculus has strategy extraction by design; and (4) the partial strategies allow new sound inference steps which are disallowed in previous central QBF calculi such as Q-Resolution and long-distance Q-Resolution. The last item (4) allows us to show an exponential separation between our new system and the previously studied reductionless long-distance resolution calculus. Our approach also naturally lifts to dependency QBFs (DQBF), where it yields the first sound and complete CDCL-style calculus for DQBF, thus opening future avenues into CDCL-based DQBF solving.
From QBFs to MALL and Back via Focussing
Authors: Das Anupam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this work we investigate how to extract alternating time bounds from ‘focussed’ proof systems. Our main result is the obtention of fragments of $$\mathsf {MALL} {\mathsf {w} }$$

MALL
w

($$\mathsf {MALL} $$
MALL
with weakening) complete for each level of the polynomial hierarchy. In one direction we encode QBF satisfiability and in the other we encode focussed proof search, and we show that the composition of the two encodings preserves quantifier alternation, yielding the required result. By carefully composing with well-known embeddings of $$\mathsf {MALL} {\mathsf {w} }$$

MALL
w

into $$\mathsf {MALL} $$
MALL
, we obtain a similar delineation of $$\mathsf {MALL} $$
MALL
formulas, again carving out fragments complete for each level of the polynomial hierarchy. This refines the well-known results that both $$\mathsf {MALL} {\mathsf {w} }$$

MALL
w

and $$\mathsf {MALL} $$
MALL
are $$\mathbf {PSPACE}$$
PSPACE
-complete. A key insight is that we have to refine the usual presentation of focussing to account for deterministic computations in proof search, which correspond to invertible rules that do not branch. This is so that we may more faithfully associate phases of focussed proof search to their alternating time complexity. This presentation seems to uncover further dualities, at the level of proof search, than usual presentations, so could be of proof theoretic interest in its own right.
Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Healthcare Workers in Italy: Results from a National E-Survey
Authors: Felice Carla , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Zanus Giacomo , Grossi Ugo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract Italy has been the first-hit European country to face the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aim of this survey was to assess in depth the impact of the outbreak on healthcare workers (HCW). A 40-item online survey was disseminated via social media inviting Italian HCW, with questions exploring demographics, health status and work environment of respondents. A total of 527 were invited to take part in March 2020, of whom 74% (n = 388) responded to the survey. Of these, 235 (61%) were women. HCW were mostly physicians (74%), from high-prevalence regions (52%). 25% experienced typical symptoms during the last 14 days prior to survey completion, with only 45% of them being tested for COVID-19. Among the tested population, 18 (18%) resulted positive for COVID-19, with 33% being asymptomatic. Only 22% of HCW considered personal protective equipment adequate for quality and quantity. Females and respondents working in high-risk sectors were more likely to rate psychological support as useful (OR, 1.78 [CI 95% 1.14–2.78] P = 0.012, and 2.02 [1.12–3.65] P = 0.020, respectively) and workload as increased (mean increase, 0.38 [0.06–0.69] P = 0.018; and 0.54 [0.16–0.92] P = 0.005, respectively). The insights from this survey may help authorities in countries where COVID-19 epidemic has not yet broken out. Management strategies should be promptly undertaken in order to enhance safety and optimise resource allocation.
Lacan on Trauma and Causality: A Psychoanalytic Critique of Post-Traumatic Stress/Growth
Authors: Wright Colin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article makes the case for the largely unacknowledged relevance of the thought of the French psychoanalyst, Jacques Lacan, for the emerging field of the medical and/or health humanities. From the 1930s all the way through to the late 1970s, Lacan was deeply concerned with the ethical and political consequences of then-dominant conceptions of the human in the ‘psy’ disciplines. His attempt to ‘humanise’ these disciplines involved an emphasis on humans as symbolic beings, inevitably entangled in the structures of speech and the ‘logic of the signifier.’ This article explores the implications of Lacan’s linguistic framework for his understanding of trauma. It argues that the Lacanian concept of trauma offers a timely antidote to dominant psychiatric notions of trauma today, linked as they are to the questionable politics of ‘Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder’ and, more recently, of ‘Post-Traumatic Growth.’
Quantitative Rates of Convergence to Non-equilibrium Steady State for a Weakly Anharmonic Chain of Oscillators
Authors: Menegaki Angeliki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study a 1-dimensional chain of N weakly anharmonic classical oscillators coupled at its ends to heat baths at different temperatures. Each oscillator is subject to pinning potential and it also interacts with its nearest neighbors. In our set up both potentials are homogeneous and bounded (with N dependent bounds) perturbations of the harmonic ones. We show how a generalised version of Bakry–Emery theory can be adapted to this case of a hypoelliptic generator which is inspired by Baudoin (J Funct Anal 273(7):2275-2291, 2017). By that we prove exponential convergence to non-equilibrium steady state in Wasserstein–Kantorovich distance and in relative entropy with quantitative rates. We estimate the constants in the rate by solving a Lyapunov-type matrix equation and we obtain that the exponential rate, for the homogeneous chain, has order bigger than $$N^{-3}$$

N

-
3

. For the purely harmonic chain the order of the rate is in $$ [N^{-3},N^{-1}]$$

[

N

-
3

,

N

-
1

]

. This shows that, in this set up, the spectral gap decays at most polynomially with N.
Land use change drives the spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services and their interactions along an altitudinal gradient in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Lucas Carvalho , Bianchi Felix J. J. A. , Cardoso Irene M. , Fernandes Filho Elpídio I. , Schulte Rogier P. O. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Context
Land use and land cover (LULC) changes may affect the provision of ecosystem services. However, little is known how LULC changes influence the spatio-temporal variation in ecosystem service and their interactions along altitudinal gradients.

Objectives
Here we assessed the spatio-temporal variation of eight ecosystem services in an altitudinal gradient between the year of 1986 and 2015, and quantified the effect of LULC transitions on the provision and interactions of ecosystems services.

Methods
We modelled and mapped eight ecosystem services in an altitudinal gradient characterized by low (< 600 m), middle (600–1200) and high altitudes (> 1200) in Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. We quantified changes in ecosystem services by contrasting ecosystem service maps between 1986 and 2015, and explored how four common LULC transitions affected the variation and the interactions between the eight ecosystem services.

Results
The spatio-temporal analysis indicated that six out of eight ecosystem services increased from 1986 to 2015, while soil erosion control and water flow regulation decreased. In areas above 1200 m, regulating services dominated, while in areas below 1200 m provisioning service were most evidenced. LULC transitions from forest to agricultural areas, and vice versa, resulted in trade-offs between provisioning and regulating ecosystem services.

Conclusions
LULC changes drive the spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services along an altitudinal gradient with contrasting biophysical conditions. Future management of ecosystem services in the landscapes should take into the account the biophysical conditions and the consequences of specific LULC transitions.
Flagging incorrect nucleotide sequence reagents in biomedical papers: To what extent does the leading publication format impede automatic error detection?
Authors: Labbé Cyril , Cabanac Guillaume , West Rachael A. , Gautier Thierry , Favier Bertrand , Byrne Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn an idealised vision of science the scientific literature is error-free. Errors reported during peer review are supposed to be corrected prior to publication, as further research establishes new knowledge based on the body of literature. It happens, however, that errors pass through peer review, and a minority of cases errata and retractions follow. Automated screening software can be applied to detect errors in manuscripts and publications. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, we designed the erroneous reagent checking () benchmark to assess the accuracy of fact-checkers screening biomedical publications for dubious mentions of nucleotide sequence reagents. It comes with a test collection comprised of 1679 nucleotide sequence reagents that were curated by biomedical experts. Second, we benchmarked our own screening software called Seek&Blastn with three input formats to assess the extent of performance loss when operating on various publication formats. Our findings stress the superiority of markup formats (a 79% detection rate on XML and HTML) over the prominent PDF format (a 69% detection rate at most) regarding an error flagging task. This is the first published baseline on error detection involving reagents reported in biomedical scientific publications. The benchmark is designed to facilitate the development and validation of software bricks to enhance the reliability of the peer review process.