bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blink Rate Patterns Provide a Reliable Measure of Individual Engagement with Scene Content
Authors: Ranti Carolyn , Jones Warren , Klin Ami , Shultz Sarah 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEye-blinking has emerged as a promising means of measuring viewer engagement with visual content. This method capitalizes on the fact that although we remain largely unaware of our eye-blinking in everyday situations, eye-blinks are inhibited at precise moments in time so as to minimize the loss of visual information that occurs during a blink. Probabilistically, the more important the visual information is to the viewer, the more likely he or she will be to inhibit blinking. In the present study, viewer engagement was experimentally manipulated in order to: (1) replicate past studies suggesting that a group of viewers will blinklessoften when watching content that they perceive asmoreimportant or relevant; (2) test the reliability of the measure by investigating constraints on the timescale over which blink rate patterns can be used to accurately quantify viewer engagement; and (3) examine whether blink rate patterns can be used to quantify what anindividual– as opposed to agroupof viewers—perceives as engaging. Results demonstrate that blink rate patterns can be used to measure changes in individual and group engagement that unfold over relatively short (1 second) and long (60 second) timescales. However, for individuals with lower blink rates, blink rate patterns may provide less optimal measures when engagement shifts rapidly (at intervals of 1 second or less). Findings support the use of eye-blink measures in future studies investigating a person’s subjective perception of how engaging a stimulus is.
Critical role of SOX2–IGF2 signaling in aggressiveness of bladder cancer
Authors: Chiu Yu-Fan , Wu Chia-Chang , Kuo Ming-Han , Miao Chia-Cheng , Zheng Ming-Yi , Chen Pei-Yu , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Chang Junn-Liang , Wang Yuan-Hung , Chou Yu-Ting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSignaling elicited by the stem cell factors SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and MYC not only mediates reprogramming of differentiated cells to pluripotency but has also been correlated with tumor malignancy. In this study, we found SOX2 expression signifies poor recurrence-free survival and correlates with advanced pathological grade in bladder cancer. SOX2 silencing attenuated bladder cancer cell growth, while its expression promoted cancer cell survival and proliferation. Under low-serum stress, SOX2 expression promoted AKT phosphorylation and bladder cancer cells’ spheroid-forming capability. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of AKT phosphorylation, using MK2206, inhibited the SOX2-mediated spheroid formation of bladder cancer cells. Gene expression profiling showed that SOX2 expression, in turn, induced IGF2 expression, while SOX2 silencing inhibited IGF2 expression. Moreover, knocking down IGF2 and IGF1R diminished bladder cancer cell growth. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R, using linsitinib, also inhibited the SOX2-mediated spheroid formation of bladder cancer cells under low-serum stress. Our findings indicate the SOX2–IGF2 signaling affects the aggressiveness of bladder cancer cell growth. This signaling could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for bladder cancer intervention.
Quantification of adsorbed and dangling citrate ions on gold nanoparticle surface using thermogravimetric analysis
Authors: Bajaj Manish , Wangoo Nishima , Jain D. V. S. , Sharma Rohit K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA novel approach involving thermo-gravimetricanalysis (TGA) for the quantification of citrate ions present on the surface of gold nanoparticles has been reported. TGA study was carried out on AuNPs in response to parameters such as concentration of tri-sodium citrate and pH of gold nanoparticles depicting that the number of citrate ion present on gold nanoparticles is highly pH dependent. In general, the citrate ions were observed to be higher in alkaline conditions contradicting earlier beliefs. These results also underline the significance of TGA as a novel tool for quantification of citrate molecules present on gold nanoparticle surface. Thus, the present approach not only provides with an insight into mechanistic details of gold nanoparticle synthesis but also opens the usage of TGA for understanding the nano range association of molecules.
Profound alterations of the chromatin architecture at chromosome 11p15.5 in cells from Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes patients
Authors: Rovina Davide , La Vecchia Marta , Cortesi Alice , Fontana Laura , Pesant Matthieu , Maitz Silvia , Tabano Silvia , Bodega Beatrice , Miozzo Monica , Sirchia Silvia M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBeckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are imprinting-related disorders associated with genetic/epigenetic alterations of the 11p15.5 region, which harbours two clusters of imprinted genes (IGs). 11p15.5 IGs are regulated by the methylation status of imprinting control regions ICR1 and ICR2. 3D chromatin structure is thought to play a pivotal role in gene expression control; however, chromatin architecture models are still poorly defined in most cases, particularly for IGs. Our study aimed at elucidating 11p15.5 3D structure, via 3C and 3D FISH analyses of cell lines derived from healthy, BWS or SRS children. We found that, in healthy cells, IGF2/H19 and CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 domains fold in complex chromatin conformations, that facilitate the control of IGs mediated by distant enhancers. In patient-derived cell lines, we observed a profound impairment of such a chromatin architecture. Specifically, we identified a cross-talk between IGF2/H19 and CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 domains, consisting in in cis, monoallelic interactions, that are present in healthy cells but lost in patient cell lines: an inter-domain association that sees ICR2 move close to IGF2 on one allele, and to H19 on the other. Moreover, an intra-domain association within the CDKN1C/KCNQ1OT1 locus seems to be crucial for maintaining the 3D organization of the region.
Apparent Contact Angle around the Periphery of a Liquid Drop on Roughened Surfaces
Authors: Huang Xuemin , Gates Ian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe wetting of roughened surfaces is complicated since not all of the surface of the irregular surface is wetted and thus, the three-phase contact line for the liquid drop is a complex, three-dimensional line that varies according to the dimensions of the roughness and its spatial heterogeneity. This can cause the contact line to not sit within a constant height horizontal plane especially when air is trapped underneath the liquid layer. Here, we explore the effect of roughness on the effective contact angle of a water droplet on a roughened hydrophobic surface. The results show that the apparent contact angle varies around the periphery of the droplet due to the roughness of the surface on first contact. Also, repeated wetting of the droplet on the surface reveals that the apparent contact angle changes due to residual liquid remaining on the roughened surface. The results also show that the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models tend to overestimate the apparent contact angle on the roughened surfaces.
Hepatic steatosis among people living with HIV in Southern Brazil: prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Pezzini Marina Ferri , Cheinquer Hugo , de Araujo Alexandre , Schmidt-Cerski Carlos T. , Sprinz Eduardo , Herz-Wolff Fernando , Poeta Julia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChronic liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and is frequently related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The objective is to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatic steatosis among consecutive patients with stable HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Also, the use of transient elastography (TE) as a mean to identify a subgroup at risk for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and/or liver fibrosis. HIV infected patients were enrolled between August2016 and February2017. Inclusion criteria: ≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load. Exclusion criteria: pregnancy; alcohol intake ≥20 g/day and co-infection B or C viruses. Patients underwent ultrasound (US) to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was estimated if at least one of the following were present: APRI > 1.0, FIB4 > 3 and/or liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥ 7.1kPa were proposed a liver biopsy and NAFLD Scoring System (NAS) ≥ 3 was considered as diagnosis of NASH. A total of 98 patients were included. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated with male gender, BMI, ALT and total bilirubin levels. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE, APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients had a TE result ≥7.1kPa. NASH was found in 5 (83.3%). Among HIV infected patients undergoing ART, almost one third have NAFLD. Neither TE, APRI or FIB4 were able to act as surrogates for significant liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, TE ≥ 7.1kPa was able to accurately select a subgroup of patients at risk for NASH.
Quantification of tissue volume in the hindlimb of mice using microcomputed tomography images and analysing software
Authors: Wiinholt Alexander , Gerke Oke , Dalaei Farima , Bučan Amar , Madsen Christoffer Bing , Sørensen Jens Ahm 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhen studying illnesses that cause disturbance in volume such as lymphedema, reliable quantification of tissue volume is important. Lymphedema results in swelling and enlargement of extremities and can be both physically and psychologically stressful to the patient. Experiments in rodent models provide a cost-effective research platform and are important for preclinical research on lymphedema. When performing such research, it can be crucial to measure the changes in tissue volume. Researchers must ensure that the risk of measurement error, when measuring the tissue volume, is as low as possible. The main goal of this article was to perform a comprehensive examination of the intra- and interrater agreement and hereby assess the risk of measurement error when using microcomputed tomography (µCT) images to measure hindlimb volume. We examined the agreement between four raters with different levels of prior experience and found that the risk of measurement error is extremely low when using this method. The main limitation of this method is that it is relatively expensive and time-consuming. The main advantages of this method are that it is easily learned and that it has a high intra- and interrater agreement, even for raters with no prior measuring experience.
Mitochondrial sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase is essential for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis and survival of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Dawoody Nejad Ladan , Stumpe Michael , Rauch Monika , Hemphill Andrew , Schneiter Roger , Bütikofer Peter , Serricchio Mauro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate is a signaling molecule involved in the control of cell migration, differentiation, survival and other physiological processes. This sphingolipid metabolite can be degraded by the action of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) to form hexadecenal and ethanolamine phosphate. The importance of SPL-mediated ethanolamine phosphate formation has been characterized in only few cell types. We show that in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, expression of TbSpl is essential for cell survival. Ablation of TbSpl expression increased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and reduced de novo formation and steady-state levels of the glycerophospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Growth of TbSpl-depleted parasites could be in part rescued by ethanolamine supplementation to the growth medium, indicating that the main function of TbSpl is to provide ethanolamine phosphate for PE synthesis. In contrast to most cell types analyzed, where SPL localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum, we found by high-resolution microscopy that TbSpl is a mitochondrial protein. In spite of its mitochondrial localization, TbSpl depletion had no apparent effect on mitochondrial morphology but resulted in aggregation of acidocalcisomes. Our results link mitochondria to sphingolipid metabolism and suggest possible roles for PE in acidocalcisome function.
Multiplexed drug testing of tumor slices using a microfluidic platform
Authors: Horowitz L. F. , Rodriguez A. D. , Dereli-Korkut Z. , Lin R. , Castro K. , Mikheev A. M. , Monnat R. J. , Folch A. , Rostomily R. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCurrent methods to assess the drug response of individual human cancers are often inaccurate, costly, or slow. Functional approaches that rapidly and directly assess the response of patient cancer tissue to drugs or small molecules offer a promising way to improve drug testing, and have the potential to identify the best therapy for individual patients. We developed a digitally manufactured microfluidic platform for multiplexed drug testing of intact cancer slice cultures, and demonstrate the use of this platform to evaluate drug responses in slice cultures from human glioma xenografts and patient tumor biopsies. This approach retains much of the tissue microenvironment and can provide results rapidly enough, within days of surgery, to guide the choice of effective initial therapies. Our results establish a useful preclinical platform for cancer drug testing and development with the potential to improve cancer personalized medicine.
Cells grown in three-dimensional spheroids mirror in vivo metabolic response of epithelial cells
Authors: Lagies Simon , Schlimpert Manuel , Neumann Simon , Wäldin Astrid , Kammerer Bernd , Borner Christoph , Peintner Lukas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetabolism in cells adapts quickly to changes in nutrient availability and cellular differentiation status, including growth conditions in cell culture settings. The last decade saw a vast increase in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture techniques, engendering spheroids and organoids. These methods were established to improve comparability to in vivo situations, differentiation processes and growth modalities. How far spheroids mimic in vivo metabolism, however, remains enigmatic. Here, to our knowledge, we compare for the first time metabolic fingerprints between cells grown as a single layer or as spheroids with freshly isolated in situ tissue. While conventionally grown cells express elevated levels of glycolysis intermediates, amino acids and lipids, these levels were significantly lower in spheroids and freshly isolated primary tissues. Furthermore, spheroids differentiate and start to produce metabolites typical for their tissue of origin. 3D grown cells bear many metabolic similarities to the original tissue, recommending animal testing to be replaced by 3D culture techniques.
Tau affects P53 function and cell fate during the DNA damage response
Authors: Sola Martina , Magrin Claudia , Pedrioli Giona , Pinton Sandra , Salvadè Agnese , Papin Stéphanie , Paganetti Paolo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCells are constantly exposed to DNA damaging insults. To protect the organism, cells developed a complex molecular response coordinated by P53, the master regulator of DNA repair, cell division and cell fate. DNA damage accumulation and abnormal cell fate decision may represent a pathomechanism shared by aging-associated disorders such as cancer and neurodegeneration. Here, we examined this hypothesis in the context of tauopathies, a neurodegenerative disorder group characterized by Tau protein deposition. For this, the response to an acute DNA damage was studied in neuroblastoma cells with depleted Tau, as a model of loss-of-function. Under these conditions, altered P53 stability and activity result in reduced cell death and increased cell senescence. This newly discovered function of Tau involves abnormal modification of P53 and its E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Considering the medical need with vast social implications caused by neurodegeneration and cancer, our study may reform our approach to disease-modifying therapies.
Low-temperature radiofrequency coblation reduces treatment interval and post-operative pain of laryngotracheal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Hao Fang , Yue Liyan , Yin Xiaoyan , Wang Xiaotong , Shan Chunguang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Laryngeal papillomatosis is a benign disease in the larynx but with the potential to develop into significant complications as a result of its high recurrence rate. CO2 laser and radiofrequency controlled ablation (coblation) have been used to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, but detailed comparisons of their respective treatment outcomes are not fully investigated. This retrospective study examines the procedure time, time interval between interventions, blood loss during operation, post-operative complications and pain scores among patients who received either CO2 laser or radiofrequency coblation interventions for laryngotracheal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Compared with CO2 laser intervention, radiofrequency coblation significantly reduced operation time, time interval between interventions, blood loss during operation and number of times bipolar electrocoagulation needed in each procedure. Post-operatively, pain scores after radiofrequency coblation were significantly lower than those after CO2 laser intervention. Incidence rates of post-operative complications, in terms of palate pharyngeal mucosa damage, bleeding and subcutaneous emphysema, were also significantly reduced after radiofrequency coblation. Low-temperature radiofrequency coblation is a superior intervention compared with CO2 laser against laryngotracheal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
Extracts of ThaiPerilla frutescensnutlets attenuate tumour necrosis factor-α-activated generation of microparticles, ICAM-1 and IL-6 in human endothelial cells
Authors: Paradee Narisara , Utama-ang Niramon , Uthaipibull Chairat , Porter John B. , Garbowski Maciej W. , Srichairatanakool Somdet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractElevation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) play an important role in the progression of inflammation-related vascular diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Thai perilla (Perilla frutescens) nutlets are rich in phenolic compounds and flavonoids that exert potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that the ethyl acetate (EA) and ethanol (Eth) extracts of Thai perilla nutlets contain phenolic compounds such as luteolin, apigenin, chryseoriol and their glycosides, which exhibit antioxidant activity. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of the extracts on endothelial activation and EMPs generation in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced EA.hy926 cells. We found that TNF-α (10 ng/ml) activated EA.hy926 cells and subsequently generated EMPs. Pre-treatment with the extracts significantly attenuated endothelial activation by decreasing the expression of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Only the Eth extract showed protective effects against overproduction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the activated cells. Furthermore, the extracts significantly reduced TNF-α-enhanced EMPs generation in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Thai perilla nutlet extracts, especially the Eth extract, may have potential to protect endothelium against vascular inflammation through the inhibition of endothelial activation and the generation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs).
Knockdown of LncRNA CRNDE suppresses proliferation and P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in acute myelocytic leukemia through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Kang Yiqing , Zhang Suping , Cao Weijie , Wan Dingming , Sun Ling 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mechanisms involved in non-coding RNAs have been implicated in multidrug resistance (MDR) of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) is reported to be involved in the malignant progression in AML. The purpose of the present study is to explore the roles and potential molecular mechanism of CRNDE in the MDR in AML. In our study, we confirmed that the expression of CRNDE was significantly up-regulated in patients with AML, especially in AML patients after adriamycin (ADR)-based chemotherapy. Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the levels of CRNDE and MDR1 in AML patients after ADR-based chemotherapy. Moreover, CRNDE was up-regulated in AML cells, especially in ADR-resistant AML cells. Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1)/p-glycoprotein (P-gp) levels were significantly increased in ADR-resistant AML cells, compared with parental AML cells. CRNDE down-regulation inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, reduced Ki67 expression and enhanced cleaved caspase-3 expression in AML and ADR-resistant AML cells. In addition, CRNDE knockdown led to down-regulation of P-gp/MDR1, β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclinD1 expression, and enhanced the drug sensitivity to ADR in ADR-resistant AML cells. In conclusion, knockdown of CRNDE suppresses proliferation and P-gp-mediated MDR in ADR-resistant AML cells via inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting that repression of CRNDE might be a therapeutic target to reverse MDR of ADR-resistant AML cells.
LINC00657/miR-26a-5p/CKS2 ceRNA network promotes the growth of esophageal cancer cells via the MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Mei , Wang Jian , Liu Zhu-Long , Liu Hong , Cheng Yu-Feng , Wang Tao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
LncRNA LINC00657 has oncogenic or anti-carcinoma roles in different cancers, and yet its detailed molecular mechanism in esophageal cancer (EC) remains unclear. In addition, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA networks are critical for tumorigenesis and progression. Hence, the present study explored the roles of LINC00657 in EC and identified its relevant ceRNA network. We first detected the expression of LINC00657 in EC. Then, we applied starBase and TargetScan websites to find miR-26a-5p binding to LINC00657 and obtain CKS2 as a target of miR-26a-5p. The roles of LINC00657, miR-26a-5p or CKS2 in the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of EC cells were respectively assessed by CCK-8, wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry. The changes of the MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax pathway were measured via Western blot. The results revealed that LINC00657 showed an aberrant high expression in EC cells, which promoted the growth of EC cells. Additionally, LINC00657 functioned as a sponge of miR-26a-5p, and LINC00657 negatively mediated miR-26a-5p to regulate the growth of EC cells. Furthermore, CKS2 was observed as a direct target of miR-26a-5p, and CKS2 controlled the growth of EC cells via the MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax pathway. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between LINC00657 and CKS2. LINC00657 knockdown inhibited CKS2 expression to suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells and induced apoptosis via regulating the MDM2/p53/Bcl2/Bax pathway. Collectively, LINC00657/miR-26a-5p/CKS2 ceRNA network could promote the progression of EC, which is good for understanding the molecular mechanism of EC and offers novel biomarkers for EC diagnosis and therapy.