bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing Link between Helical Nano‐ and Microfilaments in B4 Phase Bent‐Core Liquid Crystals, and Deciphering which Chiral Center Controls the Filament Handedness
Authors: Shadpour Sasan , Nemati Ahlam , Salamończyk Mirosław , Prévôt Marianne E. , Liu Jiao , Boyd Nicola J. , Wilson Mark R. , Zhu Chenhui , Hegmann Elda , Jákli Antal I. , Hegmann Torsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe range of possible morphologies for bent‐core B4 phase liquid crystals has recently expanded from helical nanofilaments (HNFs) and modulated HNFs to dual modulated HNFs, helical microfilaments, and heliconical‐layered nanocylinders. These new morphologies are observed when one or both aliphatic side chains contain a chiral center. Here, the following questions are addressed: which of these two chiral centers controls the handedness (helicity) and which morphology of the nanofilaments is formed by bent‐core liquid crystals with tris‐biphenyl diester core flanked by two chiral 2‐octyloxy side chains? The combined results reveal that the longer arm of these nonsymmetric bent‐core liquid crystals controls the handedness of the resulting dual modulated HNFs. These derivatives with opposite configuration of the two chiral side chains now feature twice as large dimensions compared to the homochiral derivatives with identical configuration. These results are supported by density functional theory calculations and stochastic dynamic atomistic simulations, which reveal that the relative difference between the para‐ and meta‐sides of the described series of compounds drives the variation in morphology. Finally, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) data also uncover the new morphology for B4 phases featuring p2/m symmetry within the filaments and less pronounced crystalline character.
Mapping undergraduate chemistry students' epistemic ideas about models and modeling
Authors: Lazenby Katherine , Stricker Avery , Brandriet Alexandra , Rupp Charlie A. , Mauger‐Sonnek Kathryn , Becker Nicole M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDeveloping and using scientific models is an important scientific practice for science students. Undergraduate chemistry curricula are often centered on established disciplinary models, and assessments typically provide students with opportunities to use these models to predict and explain chemical phenomena. However, traditional curricula generally provide few opportunities for students to consider the epistemic nature of models and the process of modeling. To gain a sense of how introductory chemistry students understand model changeability, model multiplicity, the evaluation of models, and the process of modeling, we use a construct‐mapping approach to characterize the sophistication of students' epistemic knowledge of models and modeling. We present a set of four related construct maps that we developed based on the work of other scholars and empirically validated in an undergraduate introductory chemistry setting. We use the construct maps to identify themes in students' responses to an open‐ended survey instrument, the models in chemistry survey, and discuss the implications for teaching.
Using macro cross‐border trade data to better understand micro‐level country of origin effects
Authors: Kandogan Yener 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe article adapts an estimation methodology from the border effects literature to reveal consumer ethnocentrism versus cosmopolitanism in each country, and animosity versus nostalgia between country pairs. The measurements rely on actual macro cross‐border trade data rather than individual purchase intentions typically used in the international marketing literature. The results from early 2010s suggest that purchasing intentions against imports found in this literature do not necessarily translate into actual consumption behavior in international trade. It is quite possible that the consumers are unable to assess country of origin of production despite growing ethnocentrism, and base their actual purchases on perceived origin of product brands. Specifically, it is found that most countries are cosmopolitan rather than ethnocentric, particularly developed countries, favoring any foreign product over domestic products. Most countries also have nostalgic purchasing behavior from specific trade partners with historical linkages. Outside the specific traditional animosities between a country pair, a developed country is relatively less open to imports from another developed trade partner, while an emerging country welcomes it more especially from another emerging trade partner.
Off-label use of bevacizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration in Europe
Authors: Bro Tomas , Derebecka Magdalena , Jørstad Øystein Kalsnes , Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To analyse current off-label use of bevacizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Europe.

Methods
The study was conducted as a combined survey and literature review. It included the 22 most populous countries in Europe. In each country, ophthalmologists with particular knowledge about off-label treatment responded to a questionnaire.

Results
Answers were obtained from twenty European countries. The off-label use of bevacizumab for wet AMD greatly differed between nations; the bevacizumab proportion varied from non-existent (0%) to very high (97%). There were also large disparities within single countries (e.g. 0–80%), which were attributable to differences in regional decision-making. Both governmental institutions and national ophthalmological societies expressed highly diverging opinions on the use of off-label treatment. Intravitreal administration of bevacizumab had been a matter of legal dispute in several countries. The question about responsibility for off-label therapy mainly remained unanswered.

Conclusions
There was a highly varying utilization of bevacizumab between European countries. Despite an intention of a consistent approach to medical regulations, Europe has not yet reached a professional or political consensus on the ophthalmic off-label use of bevacizumab.
Ultrastable and High-Performance Silk Energy Harvesting Textiles
Authors: Ye Chao , Dong Shaojun , Ren Jing , Ling Shengjie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEnergy harvesting textiles (EHTs) have attracted much attention in wearable electronics and the internet-of-things for real-time mechanical energy harvesting associated with human activities. However, to satisfy practical application requirements, especially the demand for long-term use, it is challenging to construct an energy harvesting textile with elegant trade-off between mechanical and triboelectric performance. In this study, an energy harvesting textile was constructed using natural silk inspired hierarchical structural designs combined with rational material screening; this design strategy provides multiscale opportunities to optimize the mechanical and triboelectric performance of the final textile system. The resulting EHTs with traditional advantages of textiles showed good mechanical properties (tensile strength of 237 ± 13 MPa and toughness of 4.5 ± 0.4 MJ m−3 for single yarns), high power output (3.5 mW m−2), and excellent structural stability (99% conductivity maintained after 2.3 million multi-type cyclic deformations without severe change in appearance), exhibiting broad application prospects in integrated intelligent clothing, energy harvesting, and human-interactive interfaces.
Quantitative analysis of cryptocurrencies transaction graph
Authors: Motamed Amir Pasha , Bahrak Behnam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCryptocurrencies as a new way of transferring assets and securing financial transactions have gained popularity in recent years. Transactions in cryptocurrencies are publicly available, hence, statistical studies on different aspects of these currencies are possible. However, previous statistical analysis on cryptocurrencies transactions have been very limited and mostly devoted to Bitcoin, with no comprehensive comparison between these currencies. In this study, we intend to compare the transaction graph of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dash, and Z-Cash, with respect to the dynamics of their transaction graphs over time, and discuss their properties. In particular, we observed that the growth rate of the nodes and edges of the transaction graphs, and the density of these graphs, are closely related to the price of these currencies. We also found that the transaction graph of these currencies is non-assortative, i.e. addresses do not tend for transact with a particular type of addresses of higher or lower degree, and the degree sequence of their transaction graph follows the power law distribution.
eHealth and mHealth Interventions for Ethnic Minority and Historically Underserved Populations in Developed Countries: an Umbrella Review
Authors: Armaou Maria , Araviaki Evangelia , Musikanski Laura 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHealth disparities among historically disadvantaged populations can undermine the effectiveness of eHealth and mHealth interventions and limit their acceptability among diverse community members. The twin aims of this umbrella review of systematic reviews (SRs) are to summarise the evidence on the characteristics and effectiveness of eHealth and mHealth interventions among underserved populations in developed counties and provide recommendations to community organizers, policy makers and researchers. Comprehensive searches were conducted in bibliographic databases, Google Scholar and references lists for SRs published in English between 2000 and 2019. SRs were selected following a protocol registered with PROSPERO. Two independent reviewers were involved in the selection appraisal process, quality assessment and data extraction process. Six SRs met the inclusion criteria for this umbrella review. The six SRs concerned interventions delivered by computer programmes, cell-phones or other electronic devices. The studies in the SRs reported improvements to physiological well-being, health knowledge and self-management, as well as improvements in psychosocial outcomes. This umbrella review concludes with recommendations for community organizers, policy makers and researches for the formation of guidelines, inclusion of target community members in the development of eHealth interventions and directions for future research.
L’effacement du droit au consentement préalable, libre et éclairé des peuples autochtones dans le discours des juges interaméricains
Authors: Farget Doris 
Published: December 2019

RésuméEn se basant sur les travaux de Sally Engle Merry, cet article étudie le parcours du droit au consentement préalable, libre et éclairé des peuples autochtones en droit interaméricain, et met en lumière les dynamiques de glissement, d’effacement et de confusion qui opèrent entre cette norme et le droit à la consultation active. En prenant en considération le contexte d’intervention des instances interaméricaines, l’article met en lumière la vulnérabilité des juges interaméricains dans leur rôle de « traducteurs » et identifie des pistes de réflexion quant aux répercussions de ces glissements discursifs sur les relations entre les peuples autochtones et les États.
Leçons tirées de dix pays sur la réglementation des antimicrobiens pour les animaux d’élevage
Authors: Baral Prativa , Danik Marie E. , Hoffman Steven J. 
Published: December 2019

RésuméCette étude examine les approches réglementaires de dix pays : la France, le Danemark, l’Australie, le Canada, les États-Unis, la Russie, le Japon, le Brésil, la Chine et l’Inde, relativement à la réglementation des antimicrobiens aux trois points d’entrée principaux dans le processus agricole, soit dans le cadre de la médecine vétérinaire, de la production agricole et de la vente des produits agricoles. Pour être efficace, la réglementation doit tenir compte du contexte dans lequel elle s’inscrit. Cette étude tente donc de tirer des leçons des dix juridictions ci-haut à la lumière des réalités qui entourent l’utilisation d’antimicrobiens dans les processus agricoles.
A framework to develop semiautomated surveillance of surgical site infections: An international multicenter study
Authors: van Rooden Stephanie M. , Tacconelli Evelina , Pujol Miquel , Gomila Aina , Kluytmans Jan A. J. W. , Romme Jannie , Moen Gonny , Couvé-Deacon Elodie , Bataille Camille , Rodríguez Baño Jesús , Lanz Joaquín , van Mourik Maaike S.M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjective:Automated surveillance of healthcare-associated infections reduces workload and improves standardization, but it has not yet been adopted widely. In this study, we assessed the performance and feasibility of an easy implementable framework to develop algorithms for semiautomated surveillance of deep incisional and organ-space surgical site infections (SSIs) after orthopedic, cardiac, and colon surgeries.Design:Retrospective cohort study in multiple countries.Methods:European hospitals were recruited and selected based on the availability of manual SSI surveillance data from 2012 onward (reference standard) and on the ability to extract relevant data from electronic health records. A questionnaire on local manual surveillance and clinical practices was administered to participating hospitals, and the information collected was used to pre-emptively design semiautomated surveillance algorithms standardized for multiple hospitals and for center-specific application. Algorithm sensitivity, positive predictive value, and reduction of manual charts requiring review were calculated. Reasons for misclassification were explored using discrepancy analyses.Results:The study included 3 hospitals, in the Netherlands, France, and Spain. Classification algorithms were developed to indicate procedures with a high probability of SSI. Components concerned microbiology, prolonged length of stay or readmission, and reinterventions. Antibiotics and radiology ordering were optional. In total, 4,770 orthopedic procedures, 5,047 cardiac procedures, and 3,906 colon procedures were analyzed. Across hospitals, standardized algorithm sensitivity ranged between 82% and 100% for orthopedic surgery, between 67% and 100% for cardiac surgery, and between 84% and 100% for colon surgery, with 72%–98% workload reduction. Center-specific algorithms had lower sensitivity.Conclusions:Using this framework, algorithms for semiautomated surveillance of SSI can be successfully developed. The high performance of standardized algorithms holds promise for large-scale standardization.
Cut-stem treatments using graminicides for burmareed (Neyraudia reynaudiana) invasions in Pine Rocklands, South Florida, USA
Authors: Prince Candice M. , Quincy Kaitlyn H. , Enloe Stephen F. , Possley Jennifer , Leary James 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBurmareed [Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng ex Hitchc.] is an aggressive invader of pine rockland communities in south Florida. Currently, it is managed by clipping the stems and later returning, when plants have regrown to approximately 50 cm in height, to administer applications of glyphosate to new foliar growth (a “cut–return–treat,” or CRT, strategy). This multi-visit strategy is time-consuming and may result in off-target effects due to the broad-spectrum nature of glyphosate. With this study we evaluated a cut-stem (CS) approach, in which stems are cut and immediately treated with herbicide. Further, we tested the efficacy of the selective graminicides sethoxydim and fluazifop-P-butyl. In a pot study, CS treatments included: glyphosate (239.7 g ae L−1) in water, sethoxydim (9.0 g ai L−1) or fluazifop-P-butyl (12.1 g ai L−1) in either basal oil or water, and triclopyr (47.9 g ae L−1) in basal oil. All CS treatments provided mortality and growth reduction comparable to the best CRT treatments (glyphosate, sethoxydim, and fluazifop-P-butyl) and were therefore evaluated under field conditions using the same application rates. Mortality was low in the field (≤30%) regardless of herbicide treatment. Overall, fluazifop-P-butyl provided greater control than sethoxydim, resulting in 71% and 94% relative growth reduction in total shoot length with oil and water carriers, respectively, compared with 50% and 43% reduction for sethoxydim. Fluazifop also provided control similar to triclopyr and glyphosate (≥65% reduction in total shoot length). Results suggest that CS treatments may be a viable strategy for managing N. reynaudiana and reducing management costs. However, more research is needed to optimize rates. Further, fluazifop-P-butyl allows for a more selective option than glyphosate that may decrease off-target effects on native understory vegetation in pine rocklands.
Paradosis and monotheism: a late antique approach to the meaning ofislāmin the Quran
Authors: Cole Juan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBoth the Muslim exegetical tradition and most Western scholarship have posited that the termislāmin the Quran means “submission”, i.e. to God, and that it refers to the religion brought by the prophet Muhammad. This paper argues that neither of these assertions is correct. Rather, the abstract nounislāmas used in the Quran means “tradition”. It is underlain by the Aramaicmashlmānūtā, which in turn was the term generally used to translate the Greekparadosis. That the Greek usage had a direct impact on Arabic is also considered. The wide range of meanings givenparadosisby Greek and Syriac authors is surveyed. A close reading of Quran verses in which the wordislāmappears shows that it refers to the prophetic tradition of monotheism rather than the surrender of an individual to God. It is synonymous with the Logos of Abraham, in which all the monotheistic religions participate.
OP23 Smart Searches For Context-Sensitive Topics: Geographic Search Filters
Authors: Ayiku Lynda , Finnegan Amy 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionSome systematic review topics are context-sensitive and informed by evidence about a specific geographic setting. Smart information retrieval methods are required to identify such evidence in an efficient manner. This presentation will discuss how validated geographic search filters enable smart literature searching for context-sensitive reviews using the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) United Kingdom (UK) filters for MEDLINE and Embase (OVID) as examples. The NICE UK filters were developed in 2016. The filters demonstrated high recall and high precision, however, further research was required to confirm these results.MethodsIn 2018, the filters’ recall of references from 100 UK-based multidisciplinary reviews was calculated. Reproducible search strategies were identified from twenty-six of the 100 reviews in MEDLINE and from nine reviews in Embase. From this, the precision and number-needed-to-read (NNR) were calculated.ResultsThe MEDLINE filter achieved 96 percent recall (1401 out of 1454 UK references), 2.1 percent precision and a NNR of forty-seven. The Embase filter achieved 97 percent recall (1520 out of 1560 UK references), 0.7 percent precision and a NNR of 146. Compared to not using a filter, the MEDLINE and Embase filters reduced the number of search results by an average of 87 percent and 80 percent, respectively.ConclusionsThe filters retrieve the majority of evidence for UK topics while reducing search result volumes and so enable smart literature searching for context-sensitive topics. Large literature search result volumes can increase development time-frames for systematic reviews. Using the filters can therefore save time for reviews with a UK focus. There are currently two other validated geographic search filters for Africa and Spain. It is hoped that the NICE UK filters’ successful retrieval performance will encourage the development of validated search filters for more geographic regions.
OP52 Use Of Intention To Treat And Magnitude Of Treatment Effects
Authors: Armijo-Olivo Susan , Da costa Bruno , Arienti Chiara , Stefano Negrini 
Published: December 2019

IntroductionIntention to treat (ITT) is a gold standard strategy to analyze the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). ITT analysis has been considered a methodological indicator of the quality of clinical trials. The extent to which the use of ITT is related to the treatment effects observed in RCTs has not been rigorously explored. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the association between biases related to attrition and missing data and the use of intention to treat principle, and changes in effect size estimates in RCTs.MethodsThis was a meta-epidemiological study. A random sample of RCTs included in meta-analyses was identified. Data extraction including assessments of the use of intention to treat principle, missing data and drop-outs was conducted independently by two reviewers. To determine the association between biases related to attrition, missing data, and the use of intention to treat and effect sizes, a two-level analysis was conducted using a meta-meta-analytic approach.ResultsThree-hundred and ninety-three trials included in 43 meta-analyses, analyzing 44,622 patients contributed to this study. From these, 134 trials (34.1%) used ITT and 218 (55.5%) did not use ITT. Trials which did not use the ITT principle, or which were assessed as having an inappropriate control of incomplete outcome data (based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool) tended to underestimate the treatment effect when compared with trials with adequate use of ITT (ES= -0.13; 95%CI -0.26, -0.01) or trials which were assessed as having an appropriate control of incomplete outcome (ES= -0.18; 95%CI -0.29, -0.08).ConclusionsOur results suggest that when evaluating risk of bias of primary RCTs, systematic reviewers should pay attention to these biases since they could underestimate treatment effects. Systematic reviewers should perform sensitivity analysis including trials with low risk of bias in these domains.