bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação epidemiológica da esquistossomose no estado de Pernambuco através de um modelo de regressão beta
Authors: De Araújo Soares Danielly , De Azevedo Souza Saul , Da Silva Diego José , Batista Silva Allan , Maria Bastos Cavalcante Ulanna , Bezerra Luna Lima Caliandra Maria 
Published: November 2019

Introdução: A esquistossomose é uma doença endêmica em 76 países e afeta cerca de 240 milhões de indivíduos, ocupando o segundo lugar entre as doenças infecto-parasitárias de maior prevalência do mundo. Objetivo: realizar uma avaliação epidemiológica da ocorrência de esquistossomose no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, no período de 2007 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo de caráter observacional analítico, com delineamento ecológico, no qual foram utilizadas fontes de dados secundárias. Resultados: Observou-se que ocorreu um decréscimo no percentual de casos positivos no Estado de Pernambuco, de 10,31% para 3,01%. Verificou-se, de vulneráveis à pobreza, percentual da população em domicílios com densidade > 2 e taxa de desocupação; assim como associação inversa entre taxa de esquistossomose e as variáveis: percentual da população em domicílios com coleta de lixo e taxa de envelhecimento. Conclusão: São necessárias ações que contemplem aspectos socioeconômicos, tais como medidas de saneamento básico, controle dos vetores, educação em saúde e medidas que melhorem de maneira geral a qualidade de vida e de renda da população.
Descritores: Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni; Doenças Parasitárias; Fatores de Risco; Estudos Ecológicos.
Features of the structural and functional condition of the myocardium in patients with chronic kidney disease and chronic heart failure
Authors: Frolov Dmitrij S. , Salukhov Vladimir V. , Shustov Sergej B. , Lokshina Tat'yana R. , Izilyaeva Elizaveta A. , Ekimov Vitalij V. 
Published: November 2019

Relevance. The results of the structural and functional condition of the heart in patients with chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease stage 3 were analyzed.
Purpose. To study clinical and laboratory parameters, as well as the structural and functional condition of the myocardium in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 and chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Materials and methods. A total of 41 patients with chronic stage 3 kidney disease and chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were examined. Structural and functional changes in the myocardium were estimated by means of echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging.
Results and conclusion. In patients with chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the presence of chronic kidney disease stage 3b in comparison with stage 3a is characterized by a more significant interatrial conduction abnormality, AV-node and bundle of the His, and also more significant violation of systolic function, not only the left, but also right ventricles. In the patients with chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and the presence of chronic kidney disease stage 3a, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle of the I type prevails significantly more often. In the patients with chronic kidney disease of 3b stage diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle type II is more common.
Relaxing Segmentation on the Wasatch Fault Zone: Impact on Seismic Hazard
Authors: Valentini Alessandro , DuRoss Christopher B. , Field Edward H. , Gold Ryan D. , Briggs Richard W. , Visini Francesco , Pace Bruno 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe multisegment Wasatch fault zone is a well-studied normal fault in the western United States that has paleoseismic evidence of recurrent Holocene surface-faulting earthquakes. Along the 270 km long central part of the fault, four primary structural complexities provide possible along-strike limits to these ruptures and form the basis for models of fault segmentation. Here, we assess the impact that the Wasatch fault segmentation model has on seismic hazard by evaluating the time-independent long-term rate of ruptures on the fault that satisfy fault-slip rates and paleoseismic event rates, adapting standard inverse theory used in the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 3, and implementing a segmentation constraint in which ruptures across primary structural complexities are penalized. We define three models with varying degrees of rupture penalization: (1) segmented (ruptures confined to individual segments), (2) penalized (multisegment ruptures allowed, but penalized), and (3) unsegmented (all ruptures allowed). Seismic-hazard results show that, on average, hazard is highest for the segmented model, in which seismic moment is accommodated by frequent moderate (moment magnitude Mw 6.2–6.8) earthquakes. The unsegmented model yields the lowest average seismic hazard because part of the seismic moment is accommodated by large (Mw 6.9–7.9) but infrequent ruptures. We compare these results to model differences derived from other inputs such as slip rate and magnitude scaling relations and conclude that segmentation exerts a primary control on seismic hazard. This study demonstrates the need for additional geologic constraints on rupture extent and methods by which these observations can be included in hazard-modeling efforts.
Seismic Characterization of the Nevada National Security Site Using Joint Body Wave, Surface Wave, and Gravity Inversion
Authors: Preston Leiph , Poppeliers Christian , Schodt David J. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAs a part of the series of Source Physics Experiments (SPE) conducted on the Nevada National Security Site in southern Nevada, we have developed a local-to-regional scale seismic velocity model of the site and surrounding area. Accurate earth models are critical for modeling sources like the SPE to investigate the role of earth structure on the propagation and scattering of seismic waves. We combine seismic body waves, surface waves, and gravity data in a joint inversion procedure to solve for the optimal 3D seismic compressional and shear-wave velocity structures and earthquake locations subject to model smoothness constraints. Earthquakes, which are relocated as part of the inversion, provide P- and S-body-wave absolute and differential travel times. Active source experiments in the region augment this dataset with P-body-wave absolute times and surface-wave dispersion data. Dense ground-based gravity observations and surface-wave dispersion derived from ambient noise in the region fill in many areas where body-wave data are sparse. In general, the top 1–2 km of the surface is relatively poorly sampled by the body waves alone. However, the addition of gravity and surface waves to the body-wave dataset greatly enhances structural resolvability in the near surface. We discuss the methodology we developed for simultaneous inversion of these disparate data types and briefly describe results of the inversion in the context of previous work in the region.
Od sekularyzacji do powrotu religii na scenę publiczną: trendy rozwojowe światowej socjologii religii z uwzględnieniem dorobku lubelskiej szkoły socjologii religii w Polsce
Authors: Borowik Irena 
Published: November 2019

Artykuł przedstawia kluczowe etapy rozwoju socjologii religii, a na tym tle prezentowane jest znaczenie badań naukowych w tym zakresie, prowadzonych na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim. Pierwszą fazę rozwoju prezentują klasycy socjologii religii, Emilé Durkheim i Max Weber, których zręby rozumienia religii są wkomponowane w całościowe wizje społeczeństwa. Oni też w swoich teoriach zawarli przesłanki dla rozumienia sekularyzacji, które były rozwijane przez następne pokolenia socjologów religii. Autorka stawia tezę, że teorie sekularyzacji i dyskusje wokół niej były ważnym elementem powstania nowych teorii, w tym ważnej koncepcji religii publicznej José Casanovy.
Na tle światowych trendów w rozwoju socjologii religii zaprezentowane są osiągnięcia socjologów pracujących na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim, których dorobek badawczy i publikacyjny zyskał miano lubelskiej szkoły socjologii religii. Wśród nich szczególnie zasłużyli się ks. Franciszek Mirek, ks. Józef Majka, ks. Władysław Piwowarski i ks. Janusz Mariański, których najważniejsze zasługi są w artykule omówione, na tle rozwoju dyscypliny w Polsce.
Niedostosowanie społeczne nieletnich – przyczyny, skutki, profilaktyka
Authors: Antoniak Jagoda 
Published: November 2019

W artykule przedstawiono zjawisko niedostosowania społecznego osób nieletnich. Rozpoczynając analizę pojęcia, podkreślono jego złożoność, jak również różnorodność podejść i rozmaitych koncepcji w zależności od płaszczyzny badawczej. Zaprezentowano szereg definicji opisujących niedostosowanie społeczne. Poruszona została problematyka przyczyn niedostosowania społecznego, wynikających z uwarunkowań środowiska rodzinnego, szkolnego i społecznego. Opisano zachowania ryzykowne, które determinują powstawanie niedostosowania społecznego, oraz omówiono objawy niedostosowania społecznego, wraz z etapami wykolejenia społecznego, jak również realne skutki powstałego zjawiska. Zagadnienie profilaktyki i zapobiegania niedostosowaniu społecznemu młodzieży znalazło swoje odzwierciedlenie w treści artykułu poprzez podział działań profilaktycznych, jak i strategie ukierunkowane na pomoc jednostce społecznej. Wskazano też metody i środki twórczej resocjalizacji w celu kształtowania i formowania dojrzałej osobowości u młodego człowieka.
Identification of two novel COL10A1 heterozygous mutations in two Chinese pedigrees with Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Authors: Kong Lingchi , Shi Li , Wang Wenbo , Zuo Rongtai , Wang Mengwei , Kang Qinglin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by COL10A1 mutations, which is characterized by short stature, waddling gait, coxa vara and bowing of the long bones. However, descriptions of the expressivity of MCDS are rare. Methods: Two probands and available family members affected with MCDS were subjected to clinical and radiological examination. Genomic DNA of all affected individuals was subjected to whole-exome sequencing, and candidate mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing in all available family members and in 250 healthy donors. A spatial model of the type X collagen (α1) C-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain was further constructed. Results: We found that the phenotype of affected family members exhibited irregular dominance. Mutation analysis indicated that there were two novel heterozygous missense mutations, [c.1765T>A (p.Phe589Ile)] and [c.1846A>G (p.Lys616Glu)] in the COL10A1 gene in family 1 and 2, respectively. The two novel substitution sites were highly conserved and the mutations were predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Furthermore, protein modeling revealed that the two substitutions were located in the NC1 domain of collagen X (α1), which potentially impacted the trimerization of collagen X (α1) and combination with molecules in the pericellular matrix. Conclusion: Two novel mutations were identified in the present study, which will facilitate diagnosis of MCDS and further expand the spectrum of the COL10A1 mutations associated with MCDS patients. In addition, our research revealed the phenomenon of irregular dominance in MCDS.
Evaluation of the effectiveness and tolerance of tetracosactide in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches (ESYBRECHE): A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Depaulis Celia , Steer Nadia , Chassard Dominique , Aubrun Frederic 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications of neuraxial anesthesia. It limits patients’ general activity and increases hospital length of stay and use of care. It is particularly disabling during the postpartum period, when mothers have to take care of their child. Epidural blood patch is the standard treatment of PDPH. However, it is an invasive procedure that may result in rare but serious complications. Recent evidence suggests the effectiveness of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the management of PDPH. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of tetracosactide (Synacthen®), a synthetic analogue of ACTH, in the treatment of PDPH in patients who received neuraxial anesthesia during labor. Method This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm trial, performed in two French university hospitals. Eligible patients are those suffering from postpartum PDPH, who are randomized to receive either 1 mg of tetracosactide intravenously over 20 min, or 0.9% saline (placebo). The primary endpoint of the study is the rate of epidural blood patch within a 15-day follow-up period. Duration of headache, intensity of pain, reduction of general activity, increase of hospital length of stay, adverse events, analgesic use (type and duration), and number of blood patches per patient in each group are recorded. Discussion We expect a decrease in the use of epidural blood patch in those who receive tetracosactide, thus indicating a decrease in PDPH symptoms in these patients. This will define the therapeutic success of tetracosactide and the possibility to use this treatment as a noninvasive alternative to blood patch in the treatment of PDPH.
Low adaptive potential for tolerance to ethynylestradiol, but also low toxicity, in a grayling population (Thymallus thymallus)
Authors: Cunha Lucas Marques da , Maitre Diane , Wedekind Claus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The presence of a novel pollutant can induce rapid evolution if there is additive genetic variance for the tolerance to the stressor. Continuous selection over some generations can then reduce the toxicity of the pollutant but also deplete the additive genetic variance for the tolerance and thereby slow down adaptation. One common pollutant that has been ecologically relevant for some time is 17alpha-ethynyestradiol (EE2), a synthetic compound of oral contraceptives since their market launch in the 1960s. EE2 is typically found in higher concentrations in rivers than in lakes. Recent experimental work revealed significant genetic variance for the tolerance to EE2 in two lake-spawning salmonid species but no such variance in river-spawning brown trout. We used another river-spawning salmonid, the European grayling Thymallus thymallus , to study the toxicity of an ecologically relevant concentration of EE2. We also used a full-factorial in vitro breeding design and singly rearing of 1,555 embryos and larvae of 40 sib groups to test whether there is additive genetic variance for the tolerance to this pollutant. We found that exposure to EE2 reduced larval growth after hatching, but contrary to what has been found in the other salmonids, there were no significant effects of EE2 on embryo growth and survival. We found additive genetic variance for embryo viability, i.e. heritability for fitness. However, there was no significant additive variance for the tolerance to EE2. Our findings support the hypothesis that continuous selection has reduced the toxicity of EE2 and depleted genetic variance for tolerance to this synthetic stressor.
Factors associated with permanent hypothyroidism in infants with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Park Eun Sil , Yoon Ju Young 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in childhood. A significant proportion of CH cases are transient, but the risk factors for permanent CH (PCH) are not yet well established. The current guidelines suggest using levothyroxine until the age of 3 years, but some studies suggest the possibility of earlier discontinuation. However, few, if any, studies have followed up on the results of early discontinuation. This study aimed to identify predictive factors of transient CH among infants with CH. We also investigated the results in patients who underwent a trial of early discontinuation.

Methods: We gathered data regarding infants diagnosed with CH between July 2005 and July 2015 by retrospective chart review. Those with aplastic, hypoplastic or ectopic glands on thyroid ultrasonography or scan were excluded. Among them, early discontinuation subgroup was defined as those who discontinued levothyroxine before 30 months of age.

Results: From the 80 infants (40 males, 40 females) enrolled in this study, 51 were preterm. Nine (11.3%) were diagnosed with PCH. Compared with transient cases, those with PCH were on higher levothyroxine dose at discontinuation (4.3 vs 2.9 µg/kg, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of permanent cases between preterm and full-term groups. In preterm group,infants with PCH required higher levothyroxine dose at discontinuation than those with transient CH (3.8 vs 2.5 µg/kg, P = 0.018). Levothyroxine discontinuation at a dose of 2.86 µg/kg could suggest PCH (sensitivity, 88.9%; specificity, 71.0%). Among the 9 patients who underwent a trial of early discontinuation, 8 successfully discontinued levothyroxine.

Conclusion: The majority of CH patients discontinued levothyroxine successfully, including those who underwent a trial of early discontinuation. Higher levothyroxine dose at the time of discontinuation was found to be a predictive factor for PCH.
Implementation of a complex intervention to improve participation in older people with joint contractures living in nursing homes: A process evaluation of a cluster-randomised pilot trial
Authors: Klingshirn Hanna , Müller Martin , Beutner Katrin , Hirt Julian , Strobl Ralf , Grill Eva , Meyer Gabriele , Saal Susanne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Joint contractures in frail older people are associated with serious restrictions in participation. We developed the Participation Enabling CAre in Nursing (PECAN) intervention, a complex intervention to enable nurses to promote participation in nursing home residents with joint contractures. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of the implementation strategy and to identify enablers and barriers for a successful implementation. Methods: The implementation of PECAN was investigated in a 6-month pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial (c-RCT). As a key component of the implementation strategy, nominated nurses were trained as facilitators in a one-day workshop and supported by peer-mentoring (visit, telephone counselling). A mixed-methods approach was conducted in conjunction with the pilot trial and guided by a framework for process evaluations of c-RCTs. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires (nursing staff), documentation forms, problem-centred qualitative interviews (facilitators, therapists, social workers, relatives, peer-mentors), and a group discussion (facilitators). A set of predefined criteria on the nursing home level was examined. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using directed content analysis. Results: Seven nursing homes (n=4 intervention groups, n=3 control groups) in two German regions took part in the study. Facilitators responded well to the qualification measures (workshop participation: 14/14; workshop rating: “good”; peer-mentor visit participation: 10/14). The usage of peer-mentoring via telephone varied (one to seven contacts per nursing home). Our implementation strategy was not successful in connection with supplying the intervention to all the nursing staff. The clear commitment of the entire nursing home and the respect for the expertise of different healthcare professionals were emphasised as enablers, whereas a lack of impact on organisational conditions and routines and a lack of time and staff competence were mentioned as barriers. Conclusion: The PECAN intervention was delivered as planned to the facilitators but was unable to produce comprehensive changes in the nursing homes and subsequently for the residents. Strategies to systematically include the management and the nursing team from the beginning, are needed to support the facilitators during implementation in the main trial. Trial Registration: German clinical trials register, DRKS00010037. Registered 12 February 2016.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Asymptomatic US Air Force Members with Early HIV Infection
Authors: Alvarado Gadiel Rafael , Usry Courtney , Gore Rosco , Watts James , Okulicz Jason 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective

People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and development of subclinical echocardiographic abnormalities. In this study we describe the echocardiographic evaluations of asymptomatic US Air Force members who were diagnosed with HIV infection and evaluated at the San Antonio Military Medical Center between September 1, 2015 and September 30, 2016.

Results

Patients (n=50) were predominantly male (96%), mostly black (60%), with a mean age of 28 years. At HIV diagnosis, the mean viral load was 112,585 copies/mL and CD4 count was 551 cells/uL. All were found to have normal left ventricular systolic ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) however evidence of right ventricular dilatation and left ventricular remodeling was observed in 7 (14%) and 13 (26%) patients, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences in echocardiographic findings by HIV disease severity or CVD risk factors (p >0.05 for all).This study suggests that untreated HIV may have a low impact on the development of echocardiographic abnormalities shortly after seroconversion. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the optimal CVD risk assessment strategies for PLHIV.
Mast cell changes the phenotype of microglia via histamine
Authors: Ramirez-Ponce Maria Pilar , Sola-Garcia Alejandro , Balseiro-Gomez Santiago , Maldonado Maria Dolores , Acosta Jorge , Ales Eva , Flores Juan Antonio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Microglia are the dynamic, motile phagocytes of the brain considered the first line of defense against threats or disturbances to the Central Nervous System (CNS). Microglia help orchestrate the immunological response by interacting with immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) are effector cells of the innate immune system distributed in all organs and vascularized tissues, brain included. Several molecular mechanisms for potential interactions between MCs and microglia have been determined. However, the effect of MCs on regulated exocytosis and phagocytic clearance in microglia has not been explored. Methods Cocktails of MCs mediators (MCM) obtained at 37ºC and 53ºC were used to induce microglia activation. Changes in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i and ATP release were studied by calcium and quinacrine fluorescence imaging. Fluorescent latex beads were used to assay phagocytosis in microglia after MCM treatment and compared to that measured in the presence of histamine, ATP and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Iba-1 expression was quantified by immunofluorescence and histamine levels evaluated by ELISA measurements. Results Local application onto microglia of the MC mediator cocktail elicited Ca2+ transients and exocytotic release associated with quinacrine dye de-staining. Ca2+ signals were mimicked by histamine and blocked by the H1 receptor (H1R), cetirizine. However, hydrolysis of ATP, by apyrase also affected Ca2+ transients to a lesser extent. Phagocytosis was enhanced or inhibited by MCM depending on the histamine concentration. Low levels of histamine increased iba-1 fluorescence and a number of internalized microbeads per cell whereas high levels prevented iba-1 expression and microglial phagocytosis. Conclusions Our results highlight the relevance of MC-derived histamine in the modulation of secretory and phagocytic activities that ultimately may explain the heterogeneity of microglial responses in different pathological contexts and why microglia can be either neuroprotective or neurotoxic, resulting in confinement or aggravation of disease progression.