bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Am I Measuring? Disentangling Cognitive Status From Sensory Impairment
Authors: Nichols Emma , Swenor Bonnielin , Deal Jennifer , Abraham Alison , Carlson Michelle , Ramulu Pradeep , Resnick Susan , Gross Alden 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Some studies have shown sensory impairment is associated with impaired cognitive test performance, however tests rely to varying degrees on hearing and vision. We hypothesized scores for cognitive tests whose administration depends on vision or hearing are biased among those with vision or hearing impairment, respectively, after controlling for underlying cognitive performance. We used item response theory methods to test for differential item functioning (DIF) by hearing and vision impairment in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC). We identified DIF by hearing impairment for tests that do not rely on hearing and DIF by vision impairment for tests that do not rely on vision. We found no clinically meaningful differences between unadjusted and DIF-adjusted measures of cognition. Our finding that DIF by sensory domain was independent of administration modality suggests cognitive load may play a larger role than previously acknowledged.
Physicians’ Moral Dilemmas in the Age of Viagra
Authors: Ayalon Liat 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Oral phosphodiesterase5 inhibitors (PDE5i; e.g., Viagra®) have become the first line of treatment of erectile dysfunction in men. Relying on interviews with 38 physicians, this study explored moral dilemmas associated with the prescription of PDE5i to older men. Moral dilemmas at the micro level concerned the interest of the patients to receive medical treatment, even when this was counter-indicated. At the meso level, physicians expressed their concerns about the impact of PDE5i on their patients’ partners. At the macro level, physicians discussed the substantial contribution of the pharmaceutical industry to the education of patients and physicians about pharmacological treatments for sexual problems. Physicians reported no moral concerns about industry involvement and reported only the benefits associated with it. The study raises moral issues associated with the treatment of erectile dysfunction. As such, it stresses the importance of facilitating a bio-psycho-social approach to treat sexual dysfunctions.
The Importance of Studying Health Behavior in Older Adults
Authors: Hughes Jaime , Hughes Susan , Raj Mina , Bettger Janet 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Behavior change is an inherent aspect of routine geriatric care. However, most research and clinical programs emphasis how to initiate behavior change with less emphasis placed on skills and strategies to maintain behaviors over time, including after an intervention has concluded. This presentation will provide an introduction to the symposium, including a review of prior work and our rationale for studying the critical yet overlooked construct of maintenance in older adults. Several key considerations in our work include the impact of multiple chronic conditions, declines in cognitive and functional capacity over time, changes in environmental context and/or social support, and sustainability of community and population-level programs and services.
Latent Class Trajectory and Growth Mixture Models in the Study of Physical Resilience
Authors: Pieper Carl , Pendergast Jane , Neely Megan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
After a stressor, individuals may experience different trajectories of function and recovery. One potential explanation for this variation is differing trajectories may be indicators of differing classes or levels of resilience to the stressor. Latent Class Trajectory (LCTA) and Growth Mixture models (GMM) are two similar approaches used to discover the number and types of trajectories in a study population. Class membership may determine the shape and level of recovery, which may be predicted by individual characteristics. In this talk, we present some insights to using these models to successfully identify the number of classes of trajectories, membership of trajectory classes, and the functional form of the trajectory. We will identify methods for deciding class enumeration, indices for assessing fit quality, and, importantly, the importance of proper model specification. Real life and simulated examples will be shown to compare and contrast differences between GMM and LCTA results. Part of a symposium sponsored by Epidemiology of Aging Interest Group.
Physical Resilience as a Determinant of Healthspan and Lifespan in Mice
Authors: LeBrasseur Nathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dynamic measures of physical resilience—the ability to resist and recover from a challenge—may be informative of biological age far prior to overt manifestations such as age-related diseases and geriatric syndromes (i.e., frailty). If true, physical resilience at younger or middle ages may be predictive of future healthspan and lifespan, and provide a unique paradigm in which interventions targeting the fundamental biology of aging can be tested. This seminar will discuss research on the development of clinically-relevant measures of physical resilience in mice, including anesthesia, surgery, and cytotoxic drugs. It will further highlight how these measures compare between young, middle-aged, and older mice, and how mid-life resilience relates to later-life healthspan. Finally, it will provide insight into whether interventions targeting the biology of aging can modify physical resilience in mice. Part of a symposium sponsored by Epidemiology of Aging Interest Group.
Importance of Will in Resilience and Recovery: Findings From the BLSA
Authors: Simonsick Eleanor , Griswold Michael , Windham B Gwen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using data from 743 initially well-functioning men and women (49.5%) aged ≥60 in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging we interrogated the association between physical reserve operationalized as fast 400m walk performance scaled from 0 to 4 and psychological reserve (“will”) operationalized as personal mastery (high versus not) and likelihood of recovery from a decline of ≥2 points in reported walking ability. Of the 35% who declined 1-2 years post study baseline, 54% recovered 1-2 years later and 45% did not. Controlling for age, sex, race and initial walking ability, for each increment in reserve, likelihood of recovery was 43% greater (95% confidence interval (1.10, 1.85); p=.007). This association was most pronounced in women (odds ratio=1.84; 95% CI (1.19, 2.86; p=.006). Personal mastery showed no association with likelihood of recovery. Continuing work will further explore alternative operationalizations of “will”. Part of a symposium sponsored by Epidemiology of Aging Interest Group.
Mapping the Possible Futures of Technology and Caregiving
Authors: Coughlin Joseph , Fulmer Terry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As people age, more individuals are expected to need health and caregiver services; it is therefore anticipated that families will face greater demands and carry an increasing burden. Frontier technologies – such as artificial intelligence, sensors and naturalistic user interfaces – are increasingly entering people’s lives, and may be leveraged to support family caregivers. These innovations may make it possible to provide comprehensive care to loved ones while reducing caregiver burden. Similarly, professional caregivers, from social workers to clinicians, may benefit from new devices and services that enable them to provide care more effectively and even proactively prevent a health event. However, challenges around technology maturity, potential risks and skepticism may interfere with a successful implementation. This session reports on research that explores how evolving technologies may shape the future of caregiving. A panel of 41 experts from related disciplines – engineering, data science, medicine, nursing, public policy, business, aging services and more – participated in a modified Delphi study. Across two rounds of data collection, the expert panel provided their opinions and insights about how various technologies and related systems may impact family and professional caregivers by the year 2030. This symposium will present findings from the expert panel, including: how different caregiving tasks and activities may be impacted by new technologies, and what the benefits and barriers may be; possible impacts of new technologies on related topics including elder abuse and fraud, service delivery, and labor and education; and possible future scenarios and expert predictions for 2030.
Societal Impacts and Broader Implications of Using Technologies for Caregiving
Authors: D’Ambrosio Lisa , Rudnik John , Coughlin Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Advances and greater adoption of new technologies may have impacts beyond day-to-day caregiving. This presentation will explore additional implications related to the future of caregiving and technology, including their potential effects on elder abuse, financial fraud, career and labor, social isolation and more. Opinions from the expert panel – which pointed to various possibilities, benefits and challenges – will be shared during this presentation.
Presidential Symposium: Interdisciplinary Perspectives From Early-Career Scholars on Why Age Matters
Authors: Petrovsky Darina , Waldron Danielle , Sakel Katie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The 2020 ESPO Presidential Symposium features interdisciplinary perspectives and recent scientific advances made by early career researchers from each of the GSA scientific sections. They provide examples of how their work is addressing ways age matters. The first paper by Justice (Biological Sciences) will present the latest geroscience research. The second presentation will explore how age influences end-of-life care (Health Sciences, Starr). The third presentation will focus on age as a predictor of kidney function decline (Behavioral and Social Sciences, Surachman). The fourth presentation will explore how age shapes older adults’ resilience (Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education, Bouchard). The fifth presentation will examine opioid use in older adults (Social Research, Policy, and Practice, Jansen). Additionally, early career scholars will share information about their research trajectories and future directions within their disciplines. Given the diverse nature of these presentations, attendees will be exposed to varying strategies, methodologies, and tools that are employed across disciplines. The symposium concludes with a discussion on ways to identify synergies across different fields and promote strategies for successful cross-disciplinary collaboration.
Life Course Pathways From Childhood SES to Age-Related Declines in Kidney Function Across Adulthood
Authors: Surachman Agus , Santos Alexis , Daw Jonathan , Alexander Lacy , Coe Christopher , Almeida David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Age is a strong predictor of declines in kidney function across adulthood. Using data from 2,045 adults (ages 25-84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, we examined the life course pathways through which low parental education, through adult SES and body mass index (BMI), was associated with faster age-related declines in kidney function. Kidney function declines by 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 per year across adulthood. Lower parental education, through adult SES and BMI, was associated with higher kidney function among younger adults (Est = -1.61, SE = 0.62, 95%CI = -2.62, -0.60), but lower kidney function among older adults (Est = 0.93, SE = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.11, 1.79). The impact of early socioeconomic adversity on kidney function is initiated by kidney hyperfiltration in early adulthood and followed by faster declines and development into disease state in later adulthood.
Resilient Identity: How Aging Matters in Exploring Resilience
Authors: Bouchard Lauren , Manning Lydia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Defining resilience is complex given its multidimensional and contextualized nature within the gerontological literature. The construct has been described as a trait, state, and process, and less often, as a cultivated identity. Older adults are key in the understanding of resilience from their own point view as experts of their experiences with adversity. This presentation focuses upon the findings of qualitative research utilizing grounded theory methodology, which explores the way aging may shape “resilient identity.” Given the varying challenges across the life course, resilient identity may be highly dependent on individual and environmental context. This talk also focuses on who determines the definition of resilience as well as the nature of such an identity. Educational implications regarding key factors, management strategies, and protective practices are also discussed.
Health Behaviors and Oral Health Among Centenarians in Nanjing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhao Yuan , Gu Danan , Pei Yaolin , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the association between health behaviors and oral health among Chinese centenarians. Data from the Nanjing Centenarians Study (NCS) in China was used (N=185, Mean age = 102). Oral health status was measured by self-reported oral health and edentulous status. Results from ordinal regression and logistic regression models indicated that centenarians who were male, smoking, normal weight (18.5-24.9kg/m2), participated in more activities, and brushed teeth more frequently were more likely to report better oral health. Those who ate fruits daily and brushed teeth more frequently were more likely to be dentate. The association between frequent toothbrushing and oral health was stronger for those who had some formal education and were living with family members. Our study demonstrated the significance of health behaviors on oral health in very old age, and the importance of lifestyle on healthy aging.
Addressing Racial Compatibility Between Trainees and Minority Older Adults in Applied Care Settings
Authors: McDuffie Danielle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This talk explores the importance of a racially diverse graduate student interacting in an applied care setting with minority older adults in the Southeast relative to assessment of cognitive status and in the context of cultural mistrust and misdiagnosis. ~250 older adults (16% AA) in an applied care setting were administered a cognitive screener as part of a larger research battery. An independent samples t-test was conducted to assess differences in mean cognitive status. Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) (M=76.8 years) were found to be more intact than AAs (M=73.27) on measures of cognitive status (21.32 vs. 14.72, t=4.976, p=.0001). Implications highlight that cognitive screeners have often been found to lack sensitivity in groups of marginalized older adults. Having an AA graduate student in these settings could be a way of mitigating the effects of culturally incompatible screening tools and bridging the gap between research and practice for AA older adults.
Patterns of preference importance ratings among African-American and White nursing home residents
Authors: Hicks Nytasia , Abbott Katherine , Heid Allison , Leser Kendall , Van Haitsma Kimberly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI) was developed to assess the psychosocial preferences of older adults receiving home care (PELI-HC) and then revised for nursing home residents (PELI-NH). While the PELI-HC has been tested to identify patterns in preference ratings by race, the PELI-NH has not. We sought to explore whether the PELI-NH tool captures differences in preference ratings of African-American and White NH residents. Methods: Preference assessment interviews were conducted with NH residents (n = 317). Analysis via a Mann-Whitney U test, results show that 46 of 72 (63.88%) a preference importance items were not statistically different between African-American and White NH residents. Additionally, African-Americans reported greater importance than White older adult NH residents in 26 of 72 (36%) preference importance items. Conclusion/Implications: It appears that the PELI-NH can test group differences in preference importance among African-American and White NH residents; implications for practice will be discussed. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Research in Quality of Care Interest Group.
Insights Gained From Developing Academic-Community Partnerships for Minority Aging, Community-Engaged Research
Authors: Rooks Ronica , Lichtenberg Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increasingly community-engaged research, characterized by collaborations between researchers and community partners, is recognized as an important part of translating research into improved health outcomes and reduced health disparities for community participants. Training community participants to engage in some or all aspects of this research, particularly focusing on racial and ethnic minority older adults, highlights the need to understand its opportunities and challenges. With this symposium we will discuss and reflect on community-engaged and community-based participatory research approaches to community-academic partnerships with minority older adults. The first presentation addresses recruitment, retention, and training of a community advisory board of older African Americans in Michigan. The second presentation addresses a health education outreach and engagement program to improve health outcomes among older African Americans in California. The third presentation combines community engagement with survey design methods for research with older Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults to improve data collection and health outcomes in this U.S. population. The final presentation examines partnerships between a hospital memory clinic, meal delivery service, research university, and low-income health clinic to improve caregiver and dementia patient outcomes for minority older adults. The symposium discussant will address opportunities, challenges, and implications of community-academic partnerships promoting minority aging.
The Geometric Framework for Nutrition: New Insights Into How What We Eat Affects How We Age
Authors: Cohen Alan , Raubenheimer David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The geometric framework for nutrition (GFN) is an approach to understanding the effect of nutrition considering multiple nutrients simultaneously. Originally developed in experimental studies of insects to model how nutritional needs evolve depending on ecological context, and since extended to many taxa including non-human primates in the wild, the technique is increasingly applied to understand human health and aging. Here, we invite four varied talks showcasing the flexibility and potential of this approach from the basic biology of aging to observational human studies and clinical trials. D. Raubenheimer will give an overview of the method, its history, and its applications in aging and human health. D. Wahl will present results showing how GFN can help develop diets that recapitulate caloric restriction and its effects on brain aging. S. Das will show how GFN can be used to improve the feasibility of caloric restriction in humans without compromising its effects. Finally, A. Cohen will present results showing how GFN can be deployed in an epidemiological context and used to characterize complex interactions among large numbers of nutrients in determining health. Together, these results show that a simplistic conception of nutrition as calories is far from sufficient to understand its effects on health and aging. Evolution has shaped the nutritional needs of each species for its environment, with appropriate levels of flexibility. GFN provides an approach to capture the relevant nuance, with the results presented at this symposium but scratching the surface. Nutrition Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.
Evidence-Based Exercise Recommendations for Older Adults With Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Heyn Patricia , Tagawa Alex , Negm Ahmed , Sood Pallavi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the publishing of our meta-analysis evaluating the effects of randomized exercise trials on cognitive function of Older Adults with Cognitive Impairments (OAwCIs) (Heyn et al 2004), several meta-analysis reviews were published addressing similar question. We currently appraised this evidence and preliminary synthesis of twelve, well-designed meta-analysis reports resulted in 193 RCTs and 15,614 participants over the age of 65 years old diagnosed with MCI or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exercise prescription paradigms averaged 156 minutes per week for 20-week. The combined cognitive function outcome mean effect size was medium; 0.67 (0.06-1.34 95% CI). Grounded in this unique umbrella study results, sustained and prolonged exercise training might provide an effective intervention for the maintenance or enhancement of cognitive function for MCI and AD. This comprehensive meta-analysis umbrella offers valuable and strong exercise recommendations for OAwCIs. This study results will be of great significance to professionals involved in the care of OAwCIs.
The Long Life Family Study: Sequencing Exceptional Pedigrees for Rare Protective Variants
Authors: Province Michael , Christensen Kaare , Consentino Stephanie , Lee Joseph , Newman Anne , Perls Thomas , Thyagarajan Bharat , Zmuda Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Long Life Family Study (LLFS) has longitudinally measured key aging phenotypes on 4,953 participants (539 pedigrees) in the USA and Denmark selected for exceptional familial longevity. On average, both generations of the LLFS sample are healthier than average for their age/sex, for many phenotypes. However, the pedigrees are heterogeneous, with different families showing familial clustering of protection for different phenotypes. Linkage analyses identified extremely strong genetic linkage peaks for many cross-sectional as well as longitudinal trajectory rates of change phenotypes. These peaks are NOT explained by GWAS SNPs (either measured or imputed). Pedigree specific HLODs and preliminary deep sequencing suggests that these peaks are driven by rare, protective variants running in selected pedigrees. Whole Genome Sequencing, a third longitudinal visit, and extensive OMICs (transcriptomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and proteomics) will help us resolve the mechanisms behind these protective genetically linked variants, and could illuminate new biology and enable new therapeutics.
Omics of Long-Lived Mammals and Links to Human Centenarians
Authors: Tombline Gregory , Gigas Jonathan , Simon Matthew , Suh Yousin , Seluanov Andrei , Gorbunova Vera 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Mammalian species differ up to 100-fold in their aging rates and maximum lifespans. Long-lived mammals appear to possess traits that extend lifespan and healthspan. Pro-longevity mechanisms are complex traits afforded by connections between metabolism and protein functions that are unlikely to be predicted by genomic approaches alone. Thus, metabolomics and proteomics studies are required to understand the mechanisms of longevity. Sirtuin 6 will be presented as an example of a protein that evolved enhanced enzymatic function in long-lived species and also demonstrates enhanced activity and unique alleles in human centenarians. Proteome analysis reveal several longevity related proteins such as Cip1/p21, FOXO3, TOP2A, AKT1, RICTOR, INSR and SIRT6 harboring PTM sites that preferentially appear in either short- or long-lived species. The prospects of enhancing life expectancy and healthspan of humans by altering metabolism and proteoforms with drugs that mimic changes observed in long-lived species will be discussed.