bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: ADAM PETer – An anthropomorphic, deformable and multimodality pelvis phantom with positron emission tomography extension for radiotherapy
Authors: Gillmann Clarissa , Homolka Noa , Johnen Wibke , Runz Armin , Echner Gernot , Pfaffenberger Asja , Mann Philipp , Schneider Verena , Hoffmann Aswin L. , Troost Esther G. C. , Koerber Stefan A. , Kotzerke Jörg , Beuthien‐Baumann Bettina 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo develop an anthropomorphic, deformable and multimodal pelvis phantom with positron emission tomography extension for radiotherapy (ADAM PETer).MethodsThe design of ADAM PETer was based on our previous pelvis phantom (ADAM) and extended for compatibility with PET and use in 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The formerly manually manufactured silicon organ surrogates were replaced by three‐dimensional (3D) printed organ shells. Two intraprostatic lesions, four iliac lymph node metastases and two pelvic bone metastases were added to simulate prostate cancer as multifocal and metastatic disease. Radiological properties [computed tomography (CT) and 3T MRI] of cortical bone, bone marrow and adipose tissue were simulated by heavy gypsum, a mixture of Vaseline and K2HPO4 and peanut oil, respectively. For soft tissues, agarose gels with varying concentrations of agarose, gadolinium (Gd) and sodium fluoride (NaF) were developed. The agarose gels were doped with patient‐specific activity concentrations of a Fluorine‐18 labelled compound and then filled into the 3D printed organ shells of prostate lesions, lymph node and bone metastases. The phantom was imaged at a dual energy CT and a 3T PET/MRI scanner.ResultsThe compositions of the soft tissue surrogates are the following (given as mass fractions of agarose[w%]/NaF[w%]/Gd[w%]): Muscle (4/1/0.027), prostate (1.35/4.2/0.011), prostate lesions (2.25/4.2/0.0085), lymph node and bone metastases (1.4/4.2/0.025). In all imaging modalities, the phantom simulates human contrast. Intraprostatic lesions appear hypointense as compared to the surrounding normal prostate tissue in T2‐weighted MRI. The PET signal of all tumors can be localized as focal spots at their respective site. Activity concentrations of 12.0 kBq/mL (prostate lesion), 12.4 kBq/mL (lymph nodes) and 39.5 kBq/mL (bone metastases) were measured.ConclusionThe ADAM PETer pelvis phantom can be used as multimodal, anthropomorphic model for CT, 3T‐MRI and PET measurements. It will be central to simulate and optimize the technical workflow for the integration of PET/MRI‐based radiation treatment planning of prostate cancer patients.
Invasive Blue Catfish in the Chesapeake Bay Region: A Case Study of Competing Management Objectives
Authors: Fabrizio Mary C. , Nepal Vaskar , Tuckey Troy D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Freshwater fishes have been introduced outside their native range to establish recreational fisheries, but management conflicts arise when such introductions also result in potentially harmful effects on native species. In this case study, we focus on Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus, which were introduced in the Chesapeake Bay region and are now considered invasive. In many tidal tributaries, Blue Catfish have increased dramatically in abundance, expanded into high-salinity habitats (up to 21.8 psu), and negatively affected native species, prompting calls for the development of an effective management plan. However, management of this conflict species is complicated by multiple competing objectives, including control of population size, maintenance of trophy fisheries, and expansion of commercial fisheries for Blue Catfish. Seven management recommendations were advanced by the Invasive Catfishes Work Group to control the spread and limit the ecological impacts of Blue Catfish on native species. We highlight opportunities for addressing these complex management issues and guide our suggestions using results from research on invasive Blue Catfish ecology and population dynamics, as well as management of invasive species in general. A formal approach, such as structured decision analysis, is required to resolve conflicts among user groups and to address the wicked problem of Blue Catfish in the Chesapeake Bay region.
Direct numerical simulation of complex nano‐structured composites, considering interface stretching and bending effects, using nano‐computational grains
Authors: Wang Junbo , Yan Peng , Dong Leiting , Atluri Satya N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDriven by the promising applications of nano‐composites, the Steigmann–Ogden (S‐O) interface stress model is used together with the classical Elasticity theory to model the effective mechanical properties of nano‐composites, considering both interface stretching and bending effects. However, no literature has been reported on analytical or numerical solutions for composites containing multiple three‐dimensional nano‐inclusions with S‐O interfaces. In order to overcome this difficulty, a new type of computational grain (CG) is developed with an embedded spherical inclusion and S‐O matrix/inclusion interface. The stiffness matrix of each CG is computed by a new boundary‐type multifield variational principle together with Papkovich–Neuber potentials. By evaluating and assembling stiffness matrices of CGs along with parallel computations, very efficient direct numerical simulations of complex nano‐composites with a large number of inclusions in a Representative Volume Element of the nanocomposite are essentially realized. Numerical examples demonstrate the validity and the power of the currently developed CGs. Especially, material models with 10,000 nano‐inclusions are simulated in around 50 min on the 16‐core workstation. The influence of interface elastic bending parameters and spatial distributions of the nano‐inclusions on the overall properties of nano‐composites is also investigated in this study.
Evidenced‐based practice of decision‐making process in oncofertility care among registered nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Lien Ching‐Ting , Huang Sheng‐Miauh , Hua Chen Yi , Cheng Wen‐Ting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of our study was to construct the context of the nursing action/role in oncofertility care.DesignQualitative research.MethodsWe applied grounded theory to guide the qualitative study. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews with 12 nurses in Taipei. The data were collected from August 2018 to February 2019.ResultsThe core theme that described the role of nurses’ decision‐making in oncofertility care focused on understanding oncofertility from the self to the other. Care roles or actions in oncofertility that involved the process of psychological cognition were divided into four dimensions: perceiving the patient's changes and needs, triggering the self's emotions, empathizing with patient's situations and introspective care roles. Nurses who had experienced the phase of empathizing with the patient's situations developed more diverse roles and had positive actions toward oncofertility care. Based on the psychological changes for oncofertility decision‐making process, implementing contextual training in oncofertility could help nurses create more positive actions in oncofertility care.
Stabilities, Electronic Structures, and Bonding Properties of Iron Complexes (E1E2)Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2(E1E2=BF, CO, N2, CN−, or NO+)**
Authors: Pei Gerui , Zhao Pei , Xu Song , Zhao Xintian , Kong Chuncai , Yang Zhimao , Ehara Masahiro , Yang Tao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coordination of 10‐electron diatomic ligands (BF, CO N2) to iron complexes Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2[ArTripp2=2,6‐(2,4,6‐(iso‐propyl)3C6H2)2C6H3] have been realized in experiments very recently (Science,2019,363, 1203–1205). Herein, the stability, electronic structures, and bonding properties of (E1E2)Fe‐(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2(E1E2=BF, CO, N2, CN−, NO+) were studied using density functional (DFT) calculations. The ground state of all those molecules is singlet and the calculated geometries are in excellent agreement with the experimental values. The natural bond orbital analysis revealed that Fe is negatively charged while E1possesses positive charges. By employing the energy decomposition analysis, the bonding nature of the E2E1–Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2bond was disclosed to be the classic dative bond E2E1→Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2rather than the electron‐sharing double bond. More interestingly, the bonding strength between BF and Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2is much stronger than that between CO (or N2) and Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2, which is ascribed to the better σ‐donation and π back‐donations. However, the orbital interactions in CN−→Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2and NO+→Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2mainly come from σ‐donation and π back‐donation, respectively. The different contributions from σ donation and π donation for different ligands can be well explained by using the energy levels of E1E2and Fe(CO)2(CNArTripp2)2fragments.
3D hydrogels reveal medulloblastoma subgroup differences and identify extracellular matrix subtypes that predict patient outcome
Authors: Linke Franziska , Aldighieri Macha , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Grabowska Anna M , Stolnik Snow , Kerr Ian D , Merry Catherine LR , Coyle Beth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumour in children and is subdivided into four subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. These molecular subgroups differ in their metastasis patterns and related prognosis rates. Conventional 2D cell culture methods fail to recapitulate these clinical differences. Realistic 3D models of the cerebellum are therefore necessary to investigate subgroup‐specific functional differences and their role in metastasis and chemoresistance. A major component of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. MB cell lines encapsulated in hyaluronan hydrogels grew as tumour nodules, with Group 3 and Group 4 cell lines displaying clinically characteristic laminar metastatic patterns and levels of chemoresistance. The glycoproteins, laminin and vitronectin, were identified as subgroup‐specific, tumour‐secreted ECM factors. Gels of higher complexity, formed by incorporation of laminin or vitronectin, revealed subgroup‐specific adhesion and growth patterns closely mimicking clinical phenotypes. ECM subtypes, defined by relative levels of laminin and vitronectin expression in patient tissue microarrays and gene expression data sets, were able to identify novel high‐risk MB patient subgroups and predict overall survival. Our hyaluronan model system has therefore allowed us to functionally characterize the interaction between different MB subtypes and their environment. It highlights the prognostic and pathological role of specific ECM factors and enables preclinical development of subgroup‐specific therapies. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Supporting paraprofessionals in schools: Current research and practice
Authors: Reddy Linda A. , Lekwa Adam J. , Glover Todd A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractParaprofessionals are increasingly hired in US schools to support the learning and behavior needs of students with or at risk for disabilities; despite receiving very limited professional development supports to enhance their skills in classrooms. The research base is lacking on effective paraprofessional professional development and intervention provision. This special issue is the first to showcase the current science and knowledge of such practices for paraprofessionals. The six articles included in the special issue offer the range and depth of work in this area. Two articles focus on practices of supervision and assessments for paraprofessionals and one article critically appraises the professional development research for paraprofessionals working with student with challenging behaviors. The final four articles examine the effectiveness of paraprofessional as implementers of interventions in classrooms. The studies in this special series offer insight and ideas on the next generation of paraprofessional research, practice and policy for the field. Finally, the special issue concludes with a commentary synthesizing the current work and offers “big ideas” for future development and validation initiatives.
Hostility in cancer patients as an underexplored facet of distress
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Belvederi Murri Martino , Riba Michelle , de Padova Silvia , Bertelli Tatiana , Sabato Silvana , Nanni Maria Giulia , Caruso Rosangela , Ounalli Heifa , Zerbinati Luigi 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn the present study, we aimed to assess hostility and to examine its association with formal psychiatric diagnosis, coping, cancer worries, and quality of life in cancer patients.MethodsThe World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to make an ICD‐10 (International Classification of Disease) psychiatric diagnosis was applied to 516 cancer outpatients. The patients also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory‐53 to assess hostility (BSI‐HOS), and the Mini‐Mental Adjustment to cancer scale (Mini‐MAC). A subset of patients completed the Cancer Worries Inventory (CWI), the Openness Scale, and the Quality of Life Index.ResultsBy analyzing the distribution of the responses 25% of the patients had moderate and 11% high levels of hostility, with about 20% being BSI‐HOS “cases.” Hostility was higher in patients with a formal ICD‐10 psychiatric diagnosis (mainly major depression, other depressive disorders, anxiety disorders) than patients without ICD‐10 diagnosis. However, about 25% of ICD‐10‐non cases also had moderate‐to‐high hostility levels. Hostility was associated with Mini‐MAC hopelessness and anxious preoccupation, poorer quality of life, worries (mainly problems sin interpersonal relationships), and inability to openly discuss these problems within the family.ConclusionsHostility and its components should be considered as dimensions to be more carefully explored in screening for distress in cancer clinical settings for its implications in negatively impacting on quality of life, coping and relationships with the family, and possibly the health care system.
Silencing the odorant coreceptor (Orco) disrupts sex pheromonal communication and feeding responses in Blattella germanica: toward an alternative target for controlling insect‐transmitted human diseases
Authors: He Peng , Ma Yun‐Feng , Wang Mei‐Mei , Wang Hong , Dewer Youssef , Abd El‐Ghany Nesreen M , Chen Guang‐Lei , Yang Gui‐Qing , Zhang Fan , He Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe German cockroach, Blattella germanica, is one of the most severe pests of urban and rural areas. High‐throughput genetic screening approaches indicate that the olfactory system of this pest is extremely powerful because it has an extensive array of olfactory receptor genes compared with many other insect species. Several of these genes have been identified previously, but their functions have not yet been characterized.RESULTSThis study describes the sequence of five transcriptomes of B. germanica adult male antennae, female antennae, maxillary palps, legs, and fifth‐instar nymph antennae to investigate expression patterns of odorant receptors (ORs). Approximately 90% of ORs were found to be the most highly expressed genes in adult or nymph antennae. Additionally, every OR requires an odorant co‐receptor (Orco) to become fully functional, and this was selected and successfully inhibited by injection of the corresponding double‐stranded (ds)RNA targeting the Orco. A strong RNA interference (RNAi) effect was observed in which > 75% of Orco messenger RNA (mRNA) was clearly suppressed after 72 h of treatment. Olfactory behavioral assays showed that Orco‐impaired B. germanica respond more slowly and show less attraction to one volatile sex pheromone and food resources compared with a control group.CONCLUSIONThe results show that Orco plays a pivotal role in both sex pheromone and food‐seeking olfactory processes, and provide an alternative genetic technique for controlling this urban pest species by olfactory disruption. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Advances in heat‐pulse methods: Measuring soil water evaporation with sensible heat balance
Authors: Heitman J.L. , Zhang X. , Xiao X. , Ren T. , Horton R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil water evaporation is an important process in hydrology, engineering, and agriculture. Few techniques are capable of measuring soil water evaporation in situ. An approach has been developed to measure in situ subsurface soil water evaporation using a soil sensible heat balance (SHB) with measurement data obtained from multi‐needle heat‐pulse sensors. Terms in the SHB (i.e., sensible heat flux and change in sensible heat storage) are calculated from heat‐pulse sensor derived soil temperature and thermal property (i.e., thermal conductivity and heat capacity) measurements for a thin soil layer with thickness corresponding to the sensor geometry. The quantity of latent heat required for soil water vaporization can be determined as the residual to the SHB (i.e., change in heat flux with depth minus change in sensible heat storage with time) for the soil layer. Dividing latent heat (per unit time) by heat of vaporization for water allows data to be converted to evaporation rate. Numerical analysis indicates that the SHB approach is most sensitive to the heat flux component of the SHB. Laboratory and field tests indicate that SHB results compare favorably with mass‐balance and micrometeorologic approaches for evaporation measurement, with SHB typically differing by <0.2 mm d−1 from the reference methods.
Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAgricultural practices contribute significant levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Methods to measure net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) that account for all sources and sinks of GHG emissions in agroecosystems are still evolving. Sources of GHGs include soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions and CO2 emissions associated with farm operations, N fertilization, and other chemical inputs. Sinks of GHGs include CH4 uptake, soil C sequestration, and crop residue returned to the soil. This chapter discusses the methods of measuring net GWP and GHGI using two approaches: In the soil organic C (SOC) method, net GWP and GHGI are calculated by using N2O and CH4 emissions (or CH4 uptake), as well as CO2 emissions from farm operations, N fertilization, and other chemical inputs as GHG sources and C sequestration rate (ΔSOC) as GHG sink. In the soil respiration method, soil respiration (excluding root respiration) is included as another GHG source, and the previous year's crop residue returned to the soil instead of ΔSOC is included as GHG sink in addition to the above parameters. Advantages and drawbacks of each method of calculating net GWP and GHGI are also discussed.
Rapid Synthesis of Pure Phase Bismuth Ferrite through Modified Sol‐gel Auto‐ignition Method: Impact of Different Chelating Agents
Authors: Mhamad Shakhawan Ahmad , Aziz Farhana , Aziz Madzlan , Chandren Sheela , Ali Arman Abdalla 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPure phase bismuth ferrite has been successfully prepared in this research using a modified method of sol‐gel auto‐ignition. This method is a fast and economical synthesis technique since it can produce fine as‐synthesis powder for less than 4 hours. Also, the influences of diverse chelating agents on the physicochemical properties of the synthesized samples were examined using various characterization techniques. XRD revealed that pure bismuth ferrite nanoparticles with rhombohedral perovskite structure were produced by using ascorbic acid (AA) as a chelating agent. From the UV spectra, a blue shift observed in the presence of AA and citric acid (CA). Moreover, the specific surface area of the as‐prepared BFO‐EDTA, BFO‐AA and BFO‐CA samples was 1.694, 1.134 and 1.627 m2/g, respectively, consistent with the XRD findings. Raman analysis shows that the synthesized BFO samples exhibit 4 A1 and 8E modes confirming Rhombohedral R3c geometry of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles. Finally, FTIR spectra depicted three absorption peaks at 410, 450, and 548 cm−1 corresponding to Fe−O stretching and bending, respectively, which is a characteristic of FeO6 octahedral in perovskite. The findings of this study would assist the researcher in the selection of chelating agents in the auto‐combustion method for the processing of nanoparticles for particular applications.
Progress in the Synthesis of Oxindole‐Naphthoquinone Molecular Hybrid Scaffolds: A Concise Review
Authors: Thakur Ganesh A. , Kadu Rupashri K. , Patil Vishwanath R. , Thakur Pramod B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOxindole and 1,4‐Naphthoquinone both are the versatile heterocyclic scaffolds which not only found in many naturally occurring and pharmaceutically imperative compounds but also have explored as an important precursor in the synthesis of a library of structurally diverse molecular frameworks desirable for biological studies. For a few decades, significant emphasis is given on the synthesis of both of these important privileged scaffolds to accomplish promising new heterocycles with chemical and biomedical relevance. Due to such prevalence and prominence of oxindole and 1,4‐naphthoquinone frameworks in medicinal and synthetic chemistry, many researchers have taken efforts to synthesize the oxindole‐naphthoquinone molecular hybrid in a single nucleolus. These efforts have led to the development of different approaches and green technologies in recent years, which includes nano catalysts, microwaves and, ultrasound irradiation. In this review, we have focused our attention, specifically, to provide insight into the modern approaches to the synthesis of oxindole‐1,4‐naphthoquinone molecular hybrid and technical advances in this research field till April 2020. The review is mainly made up of four main parts which contain 2‐component, 3‐component, 4‐component, and other multistep miscellaneous approaches utilized to synthesize this oxindole‐1,4‐naphthoquinone molecular hybrid. These four main parts are also subdivided according to different substituents present on oxindole‐1,4‐naphthoquinone molecular hybrid. This review focused specifically on the collection of literature on the reaction of isatin with 2‐hydroxyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone(Lawsone) to afford oxindole‐1,4‐naphthoquinone molecular hybrid.