bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengthening spatial reasoning: elucidating the attentional and neural mechanisms associated with mental rotation skill development
Authors: Moen Katherine C. , Beck Melissa R. , Saltzmann Stephanie M. , Cowan Tovah M. , Burleigh Lauryn M. , Butler Leslie G. , Ramanujam Jagannathan , Cohen Alex S. , Greening Steven G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpatial reasoning is a critical skill in many everyday tasks and in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. The current study examined how training on mental rotation (a spatial reasoning task) impacts the completeness of an encoded representation and the ability to rotate the representation. We used a multisession, multimethod design with an active control group to determine how mental rotation ability impacts performance for a trained stimulus category and an untrained stimulus category. Participants in the experimental group (n = 18) showed greater improvement than the active control group (n = 18) on the mental rotation tasks. The number of saccades between objects decreased and saccade amplitude increased after training, suggesting that participants in the experimental group encoded more of the object and possibly had more complete mental representations after training. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data revealed distinct neural activation associated with mental rotation, notably in the right motor cortex and right lateral occipital cortex. These brain areas are often associated with rotation and encoding complete representations, respectively. Furthermore, logistic regression revealed that activation in these brain regions during the post-training scan significantly predicted training group assignment. Overall, the current study suggests that effective mental rotation training protocols should aim to improve the encoding and manipulation of mental representations.
Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test
Authors: Li Sha , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Wilkinson Kate , Shapiro Colin , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , McPherson Bradley , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen , Ip Mary Sau Man 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Alertness is an important part of attention which is different from the opposite of sleepiness. This study aimed to translate and assess the measurement properties of the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT) in Hong Kong Chinese population.

Methods
The standard forward-backward translation procedure and cognitive debriefing were conducted to obtain the Chinese THAT. One hundred Chinese adults completed the Chinese THAT, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) by telephone interviews.

Results
The factorial validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, and the internal reliability was examined by coefficient omega. The two negatively worded items of the THAT had low factor loadings and were removed. One more item was removed based on the modification indices of the eight-item model. The remaining seven-item THAT showed satisfactory unidimensionality with root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.06, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.08, and comparative fit index (CFI) = 1.00. The coefficient omega of the seven-item Chinese THAT was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74–0.86). Convergent validity was demonstrated with THAT moderately associated with CES-D (r = − 0.45, P < 0.01), PSQI (r = − 0.40, P < 0.01), and AIS (r = − 0.45, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
The Chinese version of THAT demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in a Chinese population.
Opening the black box of machine learning in radiology: can the proximity of annotated cases be a way?
Authors: Baselli Giuseppe , Codari Marina , Sardanelli Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMachine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) systems, currently employed in medical image analysis, are data-driven models often considered as black boxes. However, improved transparency is needed to translate automated decision-making to clinical practice. To this aim, we propose a strategy to open the black box by presenting to the radiologist the annotated cases (ACs) proximal to the current case (CC), making decision rationale and uncertainty more explicit. The ACs, used for training, validation, and testing in supervised methods and for validation and testing in the unsupervised ones, could be provided as support of the ML/DL tool. If the CC is localised in a classification space and proximal ACs are selected by proper metrics, the latter ones could be shown in their original form of images, enriched with annotation to radiologists, thus allowing immediate interpretation of the CC classification. Moreover, the density of ACs in the CC neighbourhood, their image saliency maps, classification confidence, demographics, and clinical information would be available to radiologists. Thus, encrypted information could be transmitted to radiologists, who will know model output (what) and salient image regions (where) enriched by ACs, providing classification rationale (why). Summarising, if a classifier is data-driven, let us make its interpretation data-driven too.
Putative modulation of the gut microbiome by probiotics enhances preference for novelty in a preliminary double-blind placebo-controlled study in ferrets
Authors: Dugyala Supritha , Ptacek Travis S. , Simon Jeremy M. , Li Yuhui , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence suggests a causal relationship between the gut microbiome and psychiatric illnesses. In particular, autism spectrum disorder is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations in the gut microbiome. Administration of probiotics is a commonly used strategy by caregivers of people with neurodevelopmental illness. However, evidence for successful improvement in gut microbiome and (behavioral) symptoms has been lacking.

Results
Here, we use a novel ferret model of maternal immune activation to show that high-dose probiotic administration in a placebo-controlled study design causes changes in the gut microbiome in the form of a transient increase in the administered bacterial species. In contrast, we found no differences in baseline microbiome composition or changes induced by probiotic administration between animals exposed in utero to maternal immune activation and control animals. However, the relative presence of several bacterial species correlated with an increased preference for novelty (object and conspecific). Intriguingly, several of the hits in this screen are species that have previously emerged in the literature as being associated with autism and anxiety.

Conclusions
Together, our results suggest that high-dose probiotic interventions may be beneficial for the adjunct treatment of psychiatric illnesses. Placebo-controlled clinical trials in humans are urgently needed.
Effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii yeast as a protein source on intestinal microbiota and butyrate levels in post-weaning piglets
Authors: Iakhno Stanislav , Umu Özgün C. O. , Håkenåsen Ingrid M. , Åkesson Caroline P. , Mydland Liv T. , Press Charles McL. , Sørum Henning , Øverland Margareth 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Dietary yeast inclusions in a pig diet may drive changes both in gut bacterial composition and bacterial functional profile. This study investigated the effect of Cyberlindnera jadinii as a protein to replace 40% of the conventional proteins in a diet for weanling pigs on the microbiota in the small and large intestine, colonic short-chain fatty acid concentration, and colonic histopathology parameters. Seventy-two pigs weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to either a control or a C. jadinii-based diet and followed for 2 weeks.

Results
Compared with the controls, higher numbers of cultivable lactic acid-producing bacteria in the small and large intestine were registered in the yeast group. Alpha and beta bacterial diversity were different between the diet groups with lower alpha-diversity and distinct bacterial composition in the large intestine in the yeast group compared with those of the controls. The large intestine microbiota in the yeast group had higher numbers of Prevotella, Mitsuokella and Selenomonas compared with those of the controls. The concentrations of colonic acetate and butyrate were higher in the controls compared with that of the yeast group. The colonic crypt depth was deeper in the control group. The gut histopathology of colonic tissues revealed no differences between the diets.
The colonic crypt depth tended to be deeper with higher relative abundance of an unclassified Spirochetes, higher colonic butyrate concentration, and higher bacterial richness. The concentration of colonic butyrate was positively associated with the relative abundance of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Dialister, and an unclassified amplicon of the Spirochaetaceae family in the colon.

Conclusions
The replacement of the conventional proteins by proteins from Cyberlindnera jadinii in a weanling pig diet reshaped the large intestine microbiota structure. The novel yeast diet appeared to be selective for Lactobacillus spp., which may represent an added value resulting from using the sustainably produced yeast protein ingredient as an alternative to conventional protein ingredients in animal diets. The large intestine bacterial composition and their metabolites may be involved in an adaptive alteration of the colonic crypts without pathological consequences.
Randomized Trial of Text Messaging to Reduce Early Discontinuation of Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: SWOG S1105
Authors: Hershman Dawn L. , Unger Joseph M. , Hillyer Grace Clarke , Moseley Anna , Arnold Kathryn B. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Esparaz Benjamin T. , Kuan Ming C. , Graham Mark L. , Lackowski Douglas M. , Edenfield William J. , Dayao Zoneddy R. , Henry N. Lynn , Gralow Julie R. , Ramsey Scott D. , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE Nonadherence to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for breast cancer is common and increases the risk of recurrence. Text messaging increases adherence to medications for chronic conditions. METHODS We conducted a randomized clinical trial of text messaging (TM) versus no text messaging (No-TM) at 40 sites in the United States. Eligible patients were postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer taking an AI for > 30 days with a planned duration of ≥ 36 months. Test messages were sent twice a week over 36 months. Content themes focused on overcoming barriers to medication adherence and included cues to action, statements related to medication efficacy, and reinforcements of the recommendation to take AIs. Both groups were assessed every 3 months. The primary outcome was time to adherence failure (AF), where AF was defined as urine AI metabolite assay results satisfying one of the following: < 10 ng/mL, undetectable, or no submitted specimen. A stratified log-rank test was conducted. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In total, 724 patients were registered between May 2012 and September 2013, among whom,702 patients (348 in the text-messaging arm and 354 in the no–text-messaging arm) were eligible at baseline. Observed adherence at 36 months was 55.5% for TM and 55.4% for No-TM. The primary analysis showed no difference in time to AF by arm (3-year AF: 81.9% TM v 85.6% No-TM; HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.76 to 1.05]; P = .18). Multiple time to AF sensitivity analyses showed similar nonsignificant results. Three-year self-reported time to AF (10.4% v 10.3%; HR, 1.16 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.98]; P = .57) and site-reported time to AF (21.9% v 18.9%; HR, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.86 to 2.01]; P = .21) also did not differ by arm. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this was the first large, long-term, randomized trial of an intervention directed at improving AI adherence. We found high rates of AI AF. Twice-weekly text reminders did not improve adherence to AIs. Improving long-term adherence will likely require personalized and sustained behavioral interventions.
Utility of Routine Surveillance Laboratory Testing in Detecting Relapse in Patients With Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma in First Remission: Results From a Large Single-Institution Study
Authors: Lynch Ryan C. , Sundaram Vandana , Desai Manisha , Henry Solomon , Wood Douglas , Daadi Sarah , Hoppe Richard T. , Advani Ranjana 
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma is highly curable with contemporary therapy. Although the limited role of surveillance imaging to detect early relapse for patients in complete remission at the end of therapy is well established, there is a paucity of data regarding role of laboratory testing in this setting. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed classic Hodgkin lymphoma uniformly treated with the Stanford V regimen from 1998-2014 and in complete remission for at least 3 months were identified in a single-center institutional database. Laboratory tests categorized by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.03 as grade 2 or higher were considered abnormal. Primary analysis included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of surveillance laboratory tests for predicting relapse in the first 3 years after end of treatment. RESULTS: Among 235 eligible patients, 24 (10.2%) patients ultimately relapsed. In the first 3 years after end of therapy, the mean number of surveillance blood draws per patient was 7.1, (range, 1-13). These 1,661 surveillance blood draws included 4,684 individual laboratory tests, comprising 1,609 CBCs, 1,578 metabolic panels, and 1,497 erythrocyte sedimentation rates. None of the biopsies confirming relapses were prompted by any abnormal laboratory finding. The sensitivity of any surveillance laboratory test for detecting relapse within 3 years of end of treatment was 72.7% (95% CI, 49.8% to 89.3%), specificity 22.6% (95% CI, 17.2% to 28.9%), yielding a PPV of 8.9% (95% CI, 7.0% to 11.3%) and NPV of 88.9% (95% CI, 79% to 94%). CONCLUSION: Our study found limited clinically meaningful utility for routine surveillance laboratory testing in detecting relapse in patients with complete remission at end of treatment. Our results warrant consideration of modifications to current practice guidelines.
When Transparency Fails: Bias and Financial Incentives in Ridesharing Platforms
Authors: Mejia Jorge , Parker Chris 
Published: May 2020

Providing transparency into operational processes can change consumer and worker behavior. However, it is unclear whether operational transparency is beneficial with potentially biased service providers. We explore this in the context of ridesharing platforms where early evidence documents bias similar to what has been observed in traditional transportation systems. Platforms responded by reducing operational transparency through removing information about riders’ gender and race from the ride request presented to drivers. However, following this change, bias may still manifest through driver cancelation after a request is accepted, at which point the rider’s picture is displayed. Our primary research question is to what extent a rider’s gender, race, and perception of support for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights impact cancelation rates. We investigate this through a large field experiment on a major ridesharing platform in Washington, DC. By manipulating rider names and profile pictures, we observe drivers’ behavior patterns in accepting and canceling rides. Our results confirm that bias at the ride request stage has been eliminated. However, after acceptance, racial and LGBT biases are persistent, while we find no evidence of gender biases. We also explore whether peak times moderate (through increased pay to drivers) or exacerbate (by signaling that there are many riders, allowing drivers to be more selective) these biases. We find a moderating effect of peak timing, with lower cancelation rates for non-Caucasian riders. We do not find a similar moderating effect for riders that signal support for the LGBT community. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
How to Play Fantasy Sports Strategically (and Win)
Authors: Haugh Martin B. , Singal Raghav 
Published: May 2020

Daily fantasy sports (DFS) is a multibillion-dollar industry with millions of annual users and widespread appeal among sports fans across a broad range of popular sports. Building on recent work, we provide a coherent framework for constructing DFS portfolios where we explicitly model the behavior of other DFS players. We formulate an optimization problem that accurately describes the DFS problem for a risk-neutral decision maker in both double-up and top-heavy payoff settings. Our formulation maximizes the expected reward subject to feasibility constraints, and we relate this formulation to mean-variance optimization and the outperformance of stochastic benchmarks. Using this connection, we show how the problem can be reduced to the problem of solving a series of binary quadratic programs. We also propose an algorithm for solving the problem where the decision maker can submit multiple entries to the DFS contest. This algorithm is motivated by submodularity properties of the objective function and by some new results on parimutuel betting. One of the contributions of our work is the introduction of a Dirichlet-multinomial data-generating process for modeling opponents’ team selections, and we estimate the parameters of this model via Dirichlet regressions. A further benefit to modeling opponents’ team selections is that it enables us to estimate the value, in a DFS setting, of both insider trading and collusion. We demonstrate the value of our framework by applying it to DFS contests during the 2017 National Football League season. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation.
The Tension Between Worker Safety and Organization Survival
Authors: Pagell Mark , Parkinson Mary , Veltri Anthony , Gray John , Wiengarten Frank , Louis Michalis , Fynes Brian 
Published: May 2020

This research addresses the fundamental question of whether providing a safe workplace improves or hinders organizational survival, because there are conflicting predictions on the relationship between worker safety and organizational performance. The results, based on a unique longitudinal database covering more than 100,000 organizations across 25 years in the U.S. state of Oregon, indicate that, in general, organizations that provide a safe workplace have significantly lower odds and length of survival. Additionally, the organizations that would, in general, have better survival odds benefit most from not providing a safe workplace. This suggests that relying on the market does not engender workplace safety.This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.
Experimental evaluation of the self-shadow and its correction for on-water measurements of water-leaving radiance
Authors: Lin Hua , Lee Zhongping , Lin Gong , Yu Xiaolong 
Published: May 2020

Accurate determination of the water-leaving radiance (

L
w

) is key to correctly interpret
in-water optical properties and to validate the atmospheric correction
schemes in ocean color studies. Among the various approaches adopted
to measure

L
w

in the field, the skylight-blocked
approach (SBA) is the only scheme that can potentially measure

L
w

directly. However, the apparatus
associated with an SBA system will introduce self-shading effects to
the measured

L
w

, which is required to be corrected
for an accurate

L
w

determination. In this study, we
experimentally evaluate several factors that could contribute to the
self-shading effects of the SBA-measured

L
w

, including solar zenith angle (

∼

18

∘

−

64
∘

), water’s optical properties, and
cone size (radius of 22 mm and 45 mm). For waters with the total
absorption coefficient at 440 nm as high as

∼

6.0

m

−
1

, the normalized root-mean-square
difference between the SBA-measured

L
w

after shade correction and the “true”

L
w

is generally between

∼

5

%

and

∼

10

%

for wavelengths in the range of
400–750 nm. These results suggest that SBA can obtain highly accurate
and precise

L
w

in nearly all natural aquatic
environments.
Deep UV random lasing from NaGdF4:Yb3+,Tm3+ upconversion nanocrystals in amorphous borosilicate glass
Authors: Xu Xuhui , Lu Wei , Wang Ting , Gao Wei , Yu Xue , Qiu Jianbei , Yu Siu Fung 
Published: May 2020

The realization of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals embedded in a robust and transparent solid medium is highly desired to achieve deep UV (

<

300

n
m

) lasing. Here, we fabricate

N
a
G
d
F

4

:

Y
b

3

+

,

T
m

3

+

upconversion nanocrystals inside amorphous borosilicate glass to support

∼

290

n
m

random lasing emission under 980 nm excitation. We found that with careful control of the growth process, which is the key to achieve high-crystallinity nanocrystals, the nanocrystals can suppress defect-related quenching and enhance

1

I

6

→

3

H

6

(

6

I

J

→

8

S

7

/

2

)

transition of

T
m

3
+

(

G
d

3
+

) ions under five-photon absorption excitation so that high optical gain (

>

45

c
m

−
1

) at

∼

290

n
m

can be obtained.
Modulation instability induced by cross-phase modulation of transient stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation in calcite
Authors: Mazhar Shah Faisal B. , Alfano Robert R. 
Published: May 2020

Pairs of sidebands about the transient stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)

1086

c
m

−
1

vibration mode peak are observed for calcite under 517 nm 390 fs pulse excitation. These pairs of side frequency lobes arise from modulation instability (MI) from the interaction of cross-phase modulation (XPM) from self-phase modulation (SPM) and SRS. The pairs of secondary frequencies are attributed to the daughter

1086

c
m

−
1

decay product modes from the multiphonon of 3, 4, and 5 decays. The main sideband peak from

1086

c
m

−
1

phonon at

546

c
m

−
1

suggests the operation of the Orbach effect.
Subwavelength hole defect assisted microring resonator for a compact rectangular filter
Authors: Li Jiachen , Yang Sigang , Chen Hongwei , Chen Minghua 
Published: May 2020

We propose and demonstrate a subwavelength hole defect assisted microring resonator (SHDAMR) structure. With the manipulated modal coupling between two degenerate counterpropagating modes induced by a subwavelength hole defect embedded in the microring waveguide, the SHDAMR structure shows a rectangular resonance lineshape instead of the Lorentzian resonance lineshape of a conventional microring. As a proof of concept, the SHDAMR structure is fabricated on the

S
i

3

N

4

waveguide platform, for achieving a rectangular filter with a 3-dB bandwidth of 2.03 GHz and an improved shape factor. The demonstrated SHDAMR structure shows the advantages of compact footprint, simplified tunability, and large tolerance of fabrication errors, showing great potential for various applications.
64  Gb/s low-voltage waveguide SiGe avalanche photodiodes with distributed Bragg reflectors
Authors: Wang Binhao , Huang Zhihong , Yuan Yuan , Liang Di , Zeng Xiaoge , Fiorentino Marco , Beausoleil Raymond G. 
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate low-voltage waveguide silicon-germanium avalanche photodiodes (APDs) integrated with distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The internal quantum efficiency is improved from 60% to 90% at 1550 nm assisted with DBRs while still achieving a 25 GHz bandwidth. A low breakdown voltage of 10 V and a gain bandwidth product of near 500 GHz are obtained. APDs with DBRs at a data rate of 64 Gb/s pulse amplitude modulation with four levels (PAM4) show a 30%–40% increase in optical modulation amplitude (OMA) compared to APDs with no DBR. A sensitivity of around

−
13

dBm

at a data rate of 64 Gb/s PAM4 and a bit error rate of

2.4
×

10

−
4

is realized for APDs with DBRs, which improves the sensitivity by

∼
2

dB

compared to APDs with no DBR.