bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model of two-contour tomography scanner
Authors: Mavlyaviev R M , Sadykova E R , Razumova O V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the conditions of transformation and modernization of society, the use of mathematical modeling is of great importance. This is due to the fact that at the present stage a distinctive feature is the introduction of science and technology, complex technical systems in all areas of activity, one of which is the development of diagnostic systems, in particular, the construction of a mathematical model of tomography scanner. The article develops a mathematical model of a two-contour tomography scanner, describes the fields created by a single-point, two-point, single-circuit source, shows the construction of the Green function for the parameter k = 1. The advantage of a two-contour tomography scanner is the presence of a sphere among the equipotential surfaces created by this device, which is convenient for analytical calculations. The final results are accurate, not numerical. This plays a significant role in medical diagnostic studies, where the patient’s health depends on the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Selection of scientific articles according to the degree of proximity to the semantic pattern of the title and phrases of the abstract
Authors: Mikhaylov D V , Emelyanov G M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the problem of numerical evaluation of the proximity of a thematic text to the most rational (reference) language version of the description of the piece of knowledge it represents. This problem is relevant for the implementation of targeted selection of textual information without losing the useful semantic component. Examples of practical applications here can be the selection of articles for publication in scientific journals, as well as the development of training courses and educational portals. In the proposed solution, the basis for assessing the proximity of a text to a semantic pattern (i.e. sense standard) is the division of the words of each phrase into classes according to the value of the TF-IDF measure relative to the texts of the corpus pre-formed by an expert. The analyzed texts considered in the paper are the abstracts of scientific articles along with their titles. At the same time, the semantic images of the texts closest to the standard determine the words with the highest TF-IDF values, which, being neighbors in a linear series, are most likely related by meaning and form key combinations. The proposed numerical estimate of the proximity to the standard makes it possible to rank articles according to the significance of the described fragments of knowledge with respect to a given subject area, as well as to the non-redundancy of the description itself.
On the program implementation of a Markov homogeneous random search algorithm of an extremum with Ingber’s distribution
Authors: Tikhomirov A S , Kropacheva N Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A program that implements a Markov homogeneous monotonous random search algorithm of an extremum with Ingber’s distribution is presented. This program allows to solve a fairly wide class of problems of finding the global extremum of an objective function with a high accuracy.
Simulation of probability distributions using two quantile characteristics
Authors: Tokmachev M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a method for modeling probability distributions based on the base normal distribution. The transformation of the base distribution includes truncating the distribution, splitting it into three components in accordance with two specified quantiles, multiplying the density function in each of the intervals by a linear factor. The distribution obtained in this way has a complex nonstandard configuration, including mixtures of the normal distribution and the Rayleigh distribution. A computer program has been developed that makes it possible to model the distribution according to its parameters and implements the criterion for the agreement of sample data with the distribution of the specified type with automatic adjustment of the parameters. The construction algorithm allows for use of other base distributions.
Switching waves in the course of elastic deformation by twisting
Authors: Zavorotnev Yu D , Metlov L S , Zakharov A Yu , Tomashevska E Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Kink solutions of the Landau-Khalatnikov equation have been calculated in the case when elastic deformation by twisting is applied to a semi-infinite rod and a finite one. As a crystal without an inversion center was considered, Lifshitz invariants were taken into account in the thermodynamic potential. The specific features of kink propagation at varied boundary conditions, phase velocities and modulus of the torsion moment have been studied.
XIX Brazilian Colloquium on Orbital Dynamics (2018): a solid path to the 21st century
Authors: de Melo C. F. , Prado A. F. B. A. , Macau E. E. N. , Winter O. C. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Brazilian Colloquium on Orbital Dynamics (CBDO) is a scientific meeting that takes place every two years since 1982. Its main goal is to bring together researchers, professors, undergraduate and post graduate students who develop works on pure and applied Celestial Mechanics in the same lectures and discussions atmosphere, and thus to drive collaboration between these areas. The XIX CBDO 2018 took place at the Test and Integration Laboratory (LIT) of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), in São José dos Campos (SP), Brazil, between December 03 - 07, 2018, and more than 230 attendant from South and North America, Europe and Asia presented works of which 31 were selected for publication in this volume of the Journal of Physics: Conference Series. The highlight of this issue is the consolidation of the research groups on Celestial Mechanics in several Brazilian universities.
Effects of the mass parameter in the optimum direction of impulse and energy variation in a Powered Swing-By
Authors: Ferreira A F S , Moraes R V , Prado A F B A , Winter O C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The energy of a spacecraft, relative to the primary body of the system, before and after a Powered Swing-By maneuver with an impulse applied during the close encounter with the secondary body is studied. The Powered Swing-By maneuver is a combination of the effect of the gravity of a celestial body and an impulse applied to the spacecraft during its passage by the periapsis of its orbit relative to the secondary body. This combination modifies the spacecraft’s trajectory, changing its parameters and, consequently, its energy. The objective is to quantify the effect of different mass parameters on the optimum direction to apply the impulse and in the energy variation of this more complex maneuver. It is focused on the two-dimensional and elliptical maneuver. Optimum solutions for energy gains are presented.
Natural Quasi-Rendezvous and Evasive Maneuvers assisted by Atmospheric Drag
Authors: Jesus A.D.C. , Ferreira L. S. , Sousa R.R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The study of evasive maneuvers of spacecraft in the face of the danger of collision with space debris is essential and important today due to the growth of missions at low altitudes (LEO). Bodies that orbit this region are affected by the Earth’s drag force. In this work, we present the results of numerical simulations for collision dynamics between spatial objects (operational vehicle and space debris) and investigate evasive maneuvers of the vehicle under the possibility of collision with a debris in atmospheric drag environment. We tested the evasive maneuvers for collision conditions in this environment using the exhaust velocity of the vehicle’s propulsion system. We find three important results: 1) evasive maneuvers are possible and the atmospheric drag can contribute to the removal of the collision objects in small and medium intervals of time; 2) for very small initial velocities, there are natural quasi-Rendezvous, under the action of gravity alone and drag; 3) propulsion in conjunction with drag can enable evasive maneuvers for various spatial debris sizes.
A Fealsible Strategy for Building Distant Retrograde Orbits
Authors: Santana Saymon H. S. , Melo Cristiano F. De , Macau Elbert E. N. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Specific application of satellites require the building and maintenance of orbits with high altitude. In these cases, conventional orbital transfer methods may prove to be infeasible, especially with respect to fuel consumption. In this work we present an alternative strategy for an orbital transfer of a spacecraft from a low circular orbit to a high and retrograde orbit in the Earth-Moon System. Considering a four-body scenario, the technique consists in the use of appropriate perturbations applied around unstable periodic orbits predicted in the Restricted Three-Body Problem (R3BP), associated with the exploration of the sensitive dependence of the transition regions between capture and escape in the Earth-Moon System. In addition to small transfer times, the results obtained show that it is possible to obtain stable high and inclined final orbits with a low cost in terms of increment of velocity.
Effects of a Community-to-Clinic Navigation Intervention on Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Underserved People
Authors: Menon Usha , Szalacha Laura A , Kue Jennifer , Herman Patricia M , Bucho-Gonzalez Julie , Lance Peter , Larkey Linda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer screening remains suboptimal among poor and underserved people.

Purpose
We tested the effectiveness of a community-to-clinic navigator intervention to guide multicultural, underinsured individuals into primary care clinics to complete colorectal cancer screening.

Methods
This two-phase behavioral intervention study was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona (2012–2018). Community sites were randomized to group education or group education plus tailored navigation to increase attendance at primary care clinics (Phase I). Individuals who completed a clinic appointment received the tailored navigation in person or via phone (Phase II).

Results
In Phase I (N = 345), 37.9% of the intervention group scheduled a clinic appointment versus 19.4% of the comparison group. In Phase II, 26.5% of the original intervention group were screened versus only 10.4% of the original comparison group. Those in the intervention group were 3.84 times more likely to be screened than were those in the comparison group (odds ratio = 3.84; 95% confidence interval = 1.81–6.92).

Conclusions
Translation of an efficacious tailored navigation intervention for colorectal cancer screening to a community-to-clinic context is associated with significantly increased rates of colorectal cancer screening. Navigation assistance to address barriers to screening may serve as the most important component of any educational program to increase individual adherence to colorectal cancer screening.
Facial Feminization Surgery Changes Perception of Patient Gender
Authors: Fisher Mark , Lu Stephen M , Chen Kevin , Zhang Ben , Di Maggio Marcelo , Bradley James P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The goal of facial feminization surgery (FFS) is to feminize the sexually dimorphic characteristics of the face and enable transwomen to be correctly gendered as female. Studies have demonstrated high patient satisfaction with FFS. However, the correct gendering of patients after FFS has never been objectively studied.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine if FFS changed the perceived gender of patients in the public eye.

Methods
An online survey platform with control photographs of cis-gender males and cis-gender females as well as preoperative and postoperative FFS patients was created. Respondents were asked to identify patients as “male” or “female” and to assign a confidence score ranging from –10 (masculine) to +10 (feminine) (n = 802).

Results
Cis-gender male and female controls were gendered correctly 99% and 99.38% of the time and with a confidence metric (CM) of –8.96 and 8.93, respectively. Preoperative FFS patients were gendered as female 57.31% of the time with a CM of 1.41 despite hormone therapy, makeup, and hairstyle. Postoperative FFS patients were gendered as female 94.27% of the time with a CM of 7.78. Ninety-five percent of patients showed a significant improvement in CM after FFS.

Conclusions
This study illustrates that FFS changes the social perception of a patient’s gender. Patients after FFS are more likely to be identified as female and with greater confidence than before surgery. This is despite preoperative female hormone therapy, and nonsurgical methods that patients use to feminize their appearance.

Level of Evidence: 4
Coproducing Science to Inform Working Lands: The Next Frontier in Nature Conservation
Authors: Naugle David E , Allred Brady W , Jones Matthew O , Twidwell Dirac , Maestas Jeremy D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Conservationists are increasingly convinced that coproduction of science enhances its utility in policy, decision-making, and practice. Concomitant is a renewed reliance on privately owned working lands to sustain nature and people. We propose a coupling of these emerging trends as a better recipe for conservation. To illustrate this, we present five elements of coproduction, contrast how they differ from traditional approaches, and describe the role of scientists in successful partnerships. Readers will find coproduction more demanding than the loading dock approach to science delivery but will also find greater rewards, relevance, and impact. Because coproduction is novel and examples of it are rare, we draw on our roles as scientists within the US Department of Agriculture–led Sage Grouse Initiative, North America's largest effort to conserve the sagebrush ecosystem. As coproduction and working lands evolve, traditional approaches will be replaced in order to more holistically meet the needs of nature and people.
The Neural Basis for Response Latency in a Sensory-Motor Behavior
Authors: Lee Joonyeol , Darlington Timothy R , Lisberger Stephen G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We seek a neural circuit explanation for sensory-motor reaction times. In the smooth eye movement region of the frontal eye fields (FEFSEM), the latencies of pairs of neurons show trial-by-trial correlations that cause trial-by-trial correlations in neural and behavioral latency. These correlations can account for two-third of the observed variation in behavioral latency. The amplitude of preparatory activity also could contribute, but the responses of many FEFSEM neurons fail to support predictions of the traditional “ramp-to-threshold” model. As a correlate of neural processing that determines reaction time, the local field potential in FEFSEM includes a brief wave in the 5–15-Hz frequency range that precedes pursuit initiation and whose phase is correlated with the latency of pursuit in individual trials. We suggest that the latency of the incoming visual motion signals combines with the state of preparatory activity to determine the latency of the transient response that controls eye movement.

Impact statement
The motor cortex for smooth pursuit eye movements contributes to sensory-motor reaction time through the amplitude of preparatory activity and the latency of transient, visually driven responses.
Thermal Desorption Technique for Analysis of Aerosolized Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) in Inhalation Toxicity Testing
Authors: Kim Yong-Hyun , Jo Seongwon , An Young-Ji , Choi Seong-Jin , Lee Kyuhong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
When assessing the inhalation toxicity of diverse inhalable substances, a first step is accurate quantitative analysis. In this study, we developed a method for the quantitative analysis of methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT), main components in humidifier disinfectants. A simple thermal desorption (TD) method was used to analyze the CMIT/MIT. Using this method, sample loss during aerosolization was minimized compared with other more complicated pretreatment methods, like solvent absorption and extraction (SV). The results of the TD and SV methods were compared to determine the optimal analytical system for CMIT/MIT analysis. In both methods, the concentration of MIT increased systematically with increasing the CMIT/MIT aerosol concentration (R2 &gt; 0.98). The MIT contents in the aerosol given by the two analytical methods were somewhat similar (MIT content = 1.52% (sample solution), 1.43% (TD) and 1.18% (SV)). In contrast, the measured CMIT content in the aerosol was different depending on the type of pretreatment used. The CMIT content was 2.90% for the TD method, while that for the solvent method recorded 0.75% (CMIT content of the sample solution = 4.66%). We confirmed that the sample loss of the CMIT with high reactivity occurred in the complicated sampling and pretreatment steps of the SV method.
The human DEPhOsphorylation Database DEPOD: 2019 update
Authors: Damle Nikhil P , Köhn Maja 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe human Dephosphorylation Database (DEPOD) is a manually curated resource that harbors human phosphatases, their protein and non-protein substrates, dephosphorylation sites and the associated signaling pathways. We report here an update to DEPOD by integrating and/or linking to annotations from 69 other open access databases including disease associations, phosphorylating kinases, protein interactions, and also genome browsers. We also provide tools to visualize protein interactions, protein structures, phosphorylation networks, evolutionary conservation of proteins, dephosphorylation sites, and short linear motifs within various proteins. The updated version of DEPOD contains 254 human phosphatases, 336 protein and 83 non-protein substrates, and 1215 manually curated phosphatase-substrate relationships. In addition, we have improved the data access as all the data in DEPOD can now be easily downloaded in a user-friendly format. With multiple significant improvements, DEPOD continues serving as a key resource for research on phosphatase-kinase networks.Database URL: www.depod.org
Association between time interval from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to surgery and complete histological tumor response in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer: a national cohort study
Authors: Klevebro F , Nilsson K , Lindblad M , Ekman S , Johansson J , Lundell L , Ndegwa N , Hedberg J , Nilsson M 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARY
The optimal time interval from neoadjuvant therapy to surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if a prolonged interval between completed neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery was associated with improved histological response rates and survival in a population-based national register cohort. The population-based cohort study included patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy due to cancer in the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median time from completed neoadjuvant treatment to surgery. The primary outcome was complete histological response. Secondary outcomes were lymph node tumor response, postoperative complications, R0 resection rate, 90-day mortality, and overall survival. In total, 643 patients were included, 344 (54%) patients underwent surgery within 49 days, and 299 (47%) after 50 days or longer. The groups were similar concerning baseline characteristics except for a higher clinical tumor stage (P = 0.009) in the prolonged time to surgery group. There were no significant differences in complete histological response, R0 resection rate, postoperative complications, 90-day mortality, or overall survival. Adjusted odds ratio for ypT0 in the prolonged time to surgery group was 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–1.53). Complete histological response in the primary tumor (ypT0) was associated with significantly higher overall survival: adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55 (95% CI 0.41–0.76). If lymph node metastases were present in these patients, the survival was, however, significantly lower: adjusted hazard ratio for ypT0N1: 2.30 (95% CI 1.21–4.35). In this prospectively collected, nationwide cohort study of esophageal and junctional type 1 and 2 cancer patients, there were no associations between time to surgery and histological complete response, postoperative outcomes, or overall survival. The results suggest that it is safe for patients to postpone surgery at least 7 to 10 weeks after completed chemoradiotherapy, but no evidence was seen in favor of recommending a prolonged time to surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. A definitive answer to this question requires a randomized controlled trial of standard vs. prolonged time to surgery.
Baseline neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio holds no prognostic value for esophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: van Hootegem S J M , Smithers B M , Gotley D C , Brosda S , Thomson I G , Thomas J M , Gartside M , Barbour A P 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYBackground: Several studies have reported that neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict survival in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma, as it reflects systemic inflammation. Hence, we aimed to determine whether baseline NLR holds prognostic value for esophageal adenocarcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) followed by surgery. Methods: We studied the data of 139 patients that received nCT before undergoing esophagectomy with curative intent, all identified from a prospectively maintained database (1998–2016). Pretreatment hematology reports were used to calculate the baseline NLR. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-curve) was plotted to determine an optimal cutoff value. NLR quartiles were used to display possible differences between groups in relation to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using the method of Kaplan–Meier. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the prognostic value of NLR. Results: The median OS and DFS times were 46 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 19–166) and 30 months (IQR: 13–166], respectively, for the entire cohort. The ROC-curve showed that NLR has no discriminating power for survival status (area under the curve = 0.462) and therefore no optimal cutoff value could be determined. There were no statistically significant differences in median OS times for NLR quartiles: 65 (Q1), 32 (Q2), 45 (Q3), and 46 months (Q4) (P = 0.926). Similarly, DFS showed no difference between quartile groups, with median survival times of 27 (Q1), 19 (Q2), 36 (Q3), and 20 months (Q4) (P = 0.973). Age, pN, pM, and resection margin were independent prognostic factors for both OS and DFS. On the contrary, NLR was not associated with OS or DFS in univariable and multivariable analyses. Conclusion: Baseline NLR holds no prognostic value for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma patients treated with nCT in this study, in contrast to other recently published papers. This result questions the validity of NLR as a reliable prognostic indicator and its clinical usefulness in these patients.