bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distance matters: barriers to antenatal care and safe childbirth in a migrant population on the Thailand-Myanmar border from 2007-2015, a pregnancy cohort study
Authors: Steinbrook Eric , Min Myo Chit , Kajeechiwa Ladda , Wiladphaingern Jacher , Paw Moo Kho , Pimanpanarak MuPawJay , Hiranloetthanyakit Woranit , Min Aung Myat , Tun Nay Win , Gilder Mary Ellen , Nosten François , McGready Rose , Parker Daniel M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractI.BackgroundAntenatal care and delivery with skilled attendants substantially improve maternal health outcomes across the pregnancy spectrum, from conception to delivery. The Sustainable Development Goals recognize the need to expand these services to all pregnant women but there is limited data on access for migrants and in post-conflict regions.II.MethodsUsing geographic information systems established for malaria elimination efforts in Kayin state, Myanmar and Tak Province, Thailand, retrospective estimates of travel distances from home villages to maternal health facilities between 2007-2015 were made. Multivariable regressions were used to assess the relationships between distance to healthcare and 1) presentation for early pregnancy care, 2) complications during pregnancy like malaria infections, and 3) eventual outcome of the pregnancy.III.FindingsWomen who delayed antenatal care until the third trimester travelled 46% farther (DR: 1.46; CI: 1.39 – 1.53) compared to women who attended in the first trimester, and those with pregnancies complicated by Plasmodium falciparum malaria travelled 62% farther (DR: 1.62; CI: 1.44 – 1.82) than those without P. falciparum. Women did not deliver with skilled birth services and were lost to follow-up travelled 45% farther (distance ratio (DR): 1.45; CI: 1.40 – 1.51) than those who followed-up to deliver with skilled birth services.IV.InterpretationThis analysis supports substantial global evidence that travel distance disrupts access to care in limited resource regions. This is the first demonstration of empirical distance impacting maternal healthcare from early pregnancy to delivery of migrants living in post-conflict Thailand-Myanmar border regions, and future interventions should provide decentralized maternal healthcare to address these barriers.V.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Wellcome Trust
Dissecting the role of glutamine in seeding peptide aggregation
Authors: Barrera Exequiel E. , Zonta Francesco , Pantano Sergio 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTPoly glutamine and glutamine-rich peptides play a central role in a plethora of pathological aggregation events. However, biophysical characterization of soluble oligomers —the most toxic species involved in these processes— remains elusive due to their structural heterogeneity and dynamical nature. Here, we exploit the high spatio-temporal resolution of simulations as a computational microscope to characterize the aggregation propensity and morphology of a series of polyglutamine and glutamine-rich peptides. Comparative analysis of ab-initio aggregation pinpointed a double role for glutamines. In the first phase, glutamines mediate seeding by pairing monomeric peptides, which serve as primers for higher-order nucleation. According to the glutamine content, these low molecular-weight oligomers may then proceed to create larger aggregates. Once within the aggregates, buried glutamines continue to play a role in their maturation by optimizing solvent-protected hydrogen bonds networks.TOC / Abstract Figure
The single pass membrane protein MRAP2 regulates energy homeostasis by promoting primary cilia localization of the G protein-coupled receptor MC4R
Authors: Bernard Adélaïde , Naharros Irene Ojeda , Bourgain-Guglielmetti Florence , Ciprin Jordi , Yue Xinyu , Zhang Sumei , McDaid Erin , Nachury Maxence , Reiter Jeremy F. , Vaisse Christian 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe G protein-coupled receptor MC4R (Melanocortin-4 Receptor) and its associated protein MRAP2 (Melanocortin Receptor-Associated Protein 2) are both essential for the regulation of food intake and body weight in humans and mice. MC4R localizes and functions at the neuronal primary cilium, a microtubule-based organelle that senses and relays extracellular signals. Here, we demonstrate that MRAP2 is critical for the ciliary localization and weight-regulating function of MC4R. Our data reveal that GPCR localization to primary cilia can require specific accessory proteins that may not be present in heterologous cell systems. Our findings also demonstrate the essential role of neuronal primary cilia localization of MC4R for adequate control of energy homeostasis and the obesity-promoting effect of genetic disruption of this pathway.
Hybrid Clustering of single-cell gene expression and cell spatial information via integrated NMF and k-means
Authors: Oh Sooyoun , Park Haesun , Zhang Xiuwei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMotivationRecent advances in single cell transcriptomics have allowed us to examine the identity of single cells, which has led to the discovery of new cell types and high resolution maps of cell type composition in tissues. Technologies that measure multiple modalities of single cell data provide a more comprehensive picture of a cell, but they also create challenges for data integration tasks.ResultsIn our work, we jointly consider the spatial location and gene expression profiles of cells to determine their identity. Specifically, we have developed scHybridNMF (single-cell Hybrid Nonnegative Matrix Factorization), which performs cell type identification by incorporating single cell gene expression data with cell location data. We combined nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with k-means clustering to cohesively represent high-dimensional gene expression data and low-dimensional location data, respectively. We show that scHybridNMF can utilize location data to improve cell type clustering. In particular, we show that under multiple scenarios, including the cases where there is a small number of genes profiled and the location data is noisy, scHybridNMF outperforms sparse NMF, k-means, and an existing method (HMRF) that also uses cell location and gene expression data for cell type identification.Availabilityhttps://github.com/soobleck/scHybridNMFContacthpark@cc.gatech.edu,xiuwei.zhang@gatech.edu
DNA-SIP and repeated isolation corroborateVariovoraxas a key organism in maintaining the genetic memory for linuron biodegradation in an agricultural soil
Authors: Lerner Harry , Öztürk Başak , Dohrmann Anja B. , Thomas Joice , Marchal Kathleen , De Mot René , Dehaen Wim , Tebbe Christoph C. , Springael Dirk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe frequent exposure of agricultural soils to pesticides often leads to microbial adaptation, including the development of dedicated microbial populations that utilize the pesticide compound as a carbon and energy source. Soil from an agricultural field in Halen (Belgium) with a history of linuron exposure has been studied for its linuron-degrading bacterial populations at two time points over the past decade andVariovoraxwas appointed as a key linuron degrader. Like most studies on pesticide degradation, these studies relied on isolates that were retrieved through bias-prone enrichment procedures and therefore might not represent thein situactive pesticide-degrading populations. In this study, we revisited the Halen field and applied, in addition to enrichment-based isolation, DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP), to identify thein situlinuron degrading bacteria. DNA-SIP unambiguously linkedVariovoraxand its linuron catabolic genes to linuron dissipation, likely through synergistic cooperation between two species. Additionally, two linuron mineralizingVariovoraxisolates were obtained with high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strains isolated from the same field a decade earlier. The results confirmVariovoraxas thein situdegrader of linuron in the studied agricultural field and corroborate the genus as key in the maintenance of a robust genetic memory regarding linuron degradation functionality in the examined field.
A cortical circuit for audio-visual predictions
Authors: Garner Aleena R. , Keller Georg B. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTLearned associations between stimuli in different sensory modalities can shape the way we perceive these stimuli (Mcgurk and Macdonald, 1976). During audio-visual associative learning, auditory cortex is thought to underlie multi-modal plasticity in visual cortex (McIntosh et al., 1998; Mishra et al., 2007; Zangenehpour and Zatorre, 2010). However, it is not well understood how processing in visual cortex is altered by an auditory stimulus that is predictive of a visual stimulus and what the mechanisms are that mediate such experience-dependent, audio-visual associations in sensory cortex. Here we describe a neural mechanism by which an auditory input can shape visual representations of behaviorally relevant stimuli through direct interactions between auditory and visual cortices. We show that the association of an auditory stimulus with a visual stimulus in a behaviorally relevant context leads to an experience-dependent suppression of visual responses in primary visual cortex (V1). Auditory cortex axons carry a mixture of auditory and retinotopically-matched visual input to V1, and optogenetic stimulation of these axons selectively suppresses V1 neurons responsive to the associated visual stimulus after, but not before, learning. Our results suggest that cross-modal associations can be stored in long-range cortical connections and that with learning these cross-modal connections function to suppress the responses to predictable input.
Tobramycin adaptation enhances policing of social cheaters inPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Abisado Rhea G. , Kimbrough John H. , Mckee Brielle M. , Craddock Vaughn D. , Smalley Nicole E. , Dandekar Ajai A. , Chandler Josephine R. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThePseudomonas aeruginosaLasR-I quorum sensing (QS) system regulates secreted proteases that can be exploited by cheaters, such as QS receptor-defective (lasR) mutants.lasRmutants emerge in populations growing on casein as a sole source of carbon and energy and increase in the population because they do not incur the substantial cost of engaging in QS. QS also increases resistance to some antibiotics, such as tobramycin. Here, we show that tobramycin suppresses the emergence oflasRmutants in casein-passaged populations. We also identify several mutations that accumulate in those populations indicating evidence of antibiotic adaptation. Mutations in one gene,ptsP, increase activity of the LasR-I system and production of a QS-controlled phenazine, pyocyanin. We find that mutations inptsPlead to suppression of cheaters independent of tobramycin. Cheater suppression relies on pyocyanin, which acts as a policing toxin by targeting cheaters. These results show that tobramycin suppresseslasRmutants through two mechanisms: first, by directly acting on tobramycin-susceptible cheaters and second, by selecting mutations inptsPthat lead to pyocyanin-dependent policing. This work demonstrates how adaptive mutations can alter the dynamics of cooperator-cheater relationships, which might be important for populations adapting to antibiotics during infections.
Toward a supply chain risk identification and filtering framework using systems theory
Authors: Hou Jianrong , Zhao Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop a methodological framework for supply chain risk management using the hierarchical holographic modeling approach. It analyses supply chain risks in a systematic manner and develops a hierarchical methodology for identifying, prioritizing and managing the potential supply chain risks.Design/methodology/approachThis research reviews supply chain risk management literature and develops a conceptual framework, which outlines general principles and guidelines for managing risks in a systematic manner. Through decomposition, the complexity of supply chain risk can be identified by analyzing smaller subsystems.FindingsThe paper provides a conceptual framework to identify supply chain risks from multiple overlapping perspectives. The structured filtering and ranking procedure enables decision-makers to focus on the most critical risks. The research shows that the supply chain risks associated with the sub-systems within the hierarchical structure contribute to and ultimately determine the risks of the overall supply chain system.Research limitations/implicationsThe risks associated with each sub system within the hierarchical structure can contribute to and determine the risks of the overall supply chain system. Further applications in various companies and industry sectors would benefit supply chain managers on a case-by-case basis.Practical implicationsThe hierarchical risk identification framework can serve as guidance for applications to specific supply chain systems and processes. The framework from a holistic overlapping perspective can efficiently and effectively help supply chain managers identify supply chain risks and facilitate the evaluation of the subsystem risks.Originality/valueThe paper applies system thinking in supply chain management and presents an efficient and practical framework for supply chain risk identification and evaluation.
The impact of intellectual capital and related party transactions on contractual costs
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Ahmadzadeh Samira , Irvani Qale Sorkh Fahimeh 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe present study aims to assess the potential effects of intellectual capital (IC) and disclosure of firms' affiliate transactions on contractual costs (CC).Design/methodology/approachThe statistical population of the study includes 768 firm-year observations listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2012–2017. According to Pulic's model, the authors divide IC into three components, such as human capital (HC), relational capital and structural capital (SC). CC is also measured by utilising two variables of board cash compensation and unexpected reward of managers.FindingsThe results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between HC and CC. In contrast, the authors find that relational capital and SC have a positive impact on CC. The authors’ further analyses also demonstrate that disclosure of transactions with affiliates has a negative effect on unexpected rewards of managers.Originality/valueSince there is no conducted study, which discusses the relationship between IC and contractual cost, this paper might be considered the primary studies conducted in this line of literature, specifically in emerging markets. Moreover, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study investigating the potential impact of disclosure of selling and purchasing transactions, separately, on the director's unexpected reward.
Workplace cyber abuse: challenges and implications for management
Authors: D'Souza Natalia , Forsyth Darryl , Blackwood Kate 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThis paper offers a synopsis of workplace cyber abuse, identifying patterns of and responses to cyber abuse, as well as barriers to reporting and successful organisational intervention.Design/methodology/approachUsing a pragmatic research paradigm, quantitative and qualitative survey data were collected from 205 targets of cyber abuse in New Zealand.FindingsNearly half of all respondents experienced more than one form of cyber abuse, with gendered patterns emerging. Workplace cyber abuse also frequently went unreported for varying reasons. Based on the descriptive analyses, four key challenges for the management of cyber abuse are identified: (1) multiple and gendered patterns of cyber abuse, (2) cyber abuse across organisational boundaries, (3) non-reporting and underreporting and (4) ineffective (or lack of) organisational interventions.Practical implicationsImplications for human resource management (HRM) and line managers include adopting a preventative approach to workplace cyber abuse by implementing clear policies, guidelines and resources to deal with cyber abuse, clarifying the boundaries of “workplace” cyber abuse and considering organisational protection measures for non-standard and vulnerable workers.Social implicationsUnique challenges with workplace cyber abuse emphasise the need for a coordinated, multilevel intervention approach involving organisations, policymakers, online platforms and academics.Originality/valueThis study provides an important overview of existing approaches to the management of workplace cyber abuse as well as a foundation upon which to base further research exploring good practice in its prevention and intervention and much-needed theoretical development.
Evaluating spatially explicit sharing‐sparing scenarios for multiple environmental outcomes
Authors: Finch Tom , Day Brett H. , Massimino Dario , Redhead John W. , Field Rob H. , Balmford Andrew , Green Rhys E. , Peach Will J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Understanding how to allocate land for the sustainable delivery of multiple, competing objectives is a major societal challenge. The land sharing‐sparing framework presents a heuristic for understanding the trade‐off between food production and biodiversity conservation by comparing region‐wide land‐use scenarios which are equivalent in terms of overall food production.

Here, for two contrasting regions of lowland England (The Fens and Salisbury Plain), we use empirical data and predictive models to compare a suite of spatially explicit scenarios reflecting the full range of the sharing‐sparing continuum, including mixed scenarios which combine elements of both sharing and sparing. We evaluate a range of outcomes (bird populations, global warming potential (GWP), nitrogen and phosphorus pollution and outdoor recreation), to identify approaches to regional land‐use planning with the potential to deliver multiple societal benefits.

Land‐sharing scenarios (which reduce the dominance of productive agricultural land in farmed areas and the area of larger unfarmed areas) result in negative outcomes, particularly for birds and GWP. In contrast, many land‐sparing scenarios (including mixed scenarios which increase the area of lower‐yield farmland alongside larger unfarmed areas) resulted in improvements in all or most outcomes, although for recreation and nutrient export differences between scenarios were modest.

Importantly, environmental outcomes also depended on the spatial arrangement of spared land, the types of natural or semi‐natural habitat promoted on spared land, whether some lower‐yield farmland is delivered alongside larger unfarmed areas, and the overall region‐wide food production target.

Policy implications. Our study suggests that land‐sparing strategies which increase the area of natural and semi‐natural areas can improve environmental outcomes, despite the costs associated with high‐yield agriculture. However, high‐yield agriculture should not compromise future production or the conservation value of spared land, and explicit policies such as certification or payments for ecosystem services are required to link sustainable high‐yield production to habitat conservation. Our study also highlights the importance of mitigating projected increases in food demand.
A unique porin meditates iron‐selective transport through cyanobacterial outer membranes
Authors: Qiu Guo‐Wei , Jiang Hai‐Bo , Lis Hagar , Li Zheng‐Ke , Deng Bin , Shang Jin‐Long , Sun Chuan‐Yu , Keren Nir , Qiu Bao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

SummaryCyanobacteria are globally important primary producers and nitrogen fixers with high iron demands. Low ambient dissolved iron concentrations in many aquatic environments mean that these organisms must maintain sufficient and selective transport of iron into the cell. However, the nature of iron transport pathways through the cyanobacterial outer membrane remains obscure. Here we present multiple lines of experimental evidence that collectively support the existence of a novel class of substrate‐selective iron porin, Slr1908, in the outer membrane of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Elemental composition analysis and short‐term iron uptake assays with mutants in Slr1908 reveal that this protein is primarily involved in inorganic iron uptake and contributes less to the accumulation of other metals. Homologues of Slr1908 are widely distributed in both freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, most notably in unicellular marine diazotrophs. Complementary experiments with a homologue of Slr1908 in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 restored the phenotype of Synechocystis knockdown mutants, showing that this siderophore producing species also possesses a porin with a similar function in Fe transport. The involvement of a substrate‐selective porins in iron uptake may allow cyanobacteria to tightly control iron flux into the cell, particularly in environments where iron concentrations fluctuate.
A US national randomized study to guide how best to reduce stigma when describing drug‐related impairment in practice and policy
Authors: Kelly John F. , Greene M. Claire , Abry Alexandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsDrug‐related impairment is persistently stigmatized delaying and preventing treatment engagement. To reduce stigma, various medical terms (e.g. ‘chronically relapsing brain disease’, ‘disorder’) have been promoted in diagnostic systems and among national health agencies, yet some argue that over‐medicalization of drug‐related impairment lowers prognostic optimism and reduces personal agency. While intensely debated, rigorous empirical study is lacking. This study investigated whether random exposure to one of six common ways of describing drug‐related impairment induces systematically different judgments.Design, Setting and ParticipantsCross‐sectional survey, US general population, among a nationally representative non‐institutionalized sample (n = 3635; 61% response rate; December 2019–January 2020).InterventionTwelve vignettes (six terms × gender) describing someone treated for opioid‐related impairment depicted in one of six ways as a(n): ‘chronically relapsing brain disease’, ‘brain disease’, ‘disease’, ‘illness’, ‘disorder’ or ‘problem’.MeasurementsMulti‐dimensional stigma scale assessing: blame; social exclusion; prognostic optimism, continuing care, and danger (a = 0.70–0.83).FindingsUS adults [mean age = 47.81, confidence interval (CI) = 47.18–48.44; 52.4% female; 63.14% white] rated the same opioid‐impaired person differently across four of five stigma dimensions depending on which of six terms they were exposed to. ‘Chronically relapsing brain disease’ induced the lowest stigmatizing blame attributions (P < 0.05); at the same time, this term decreased prognostic optimism [mean difference (MD) = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.30] and increased perceived need for continuing care (MD = –0.26, 95% CI = –0.43, –0.09) and danger (MD = –0.13, 95% CI = –0.25, –0.02) when compared with ‘problem’. Compared with a man, a woman was blamed more for opioid‐related impairment (MD = –0.08, 95% CI = –0.15, –0.01); men were viewed as more dangerous (MD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.19) and to be socially excluded (MD = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.23).ConclusionsThere does not appear to be one single medical term for opioid‐related impairment that can meet all desirable clinical and public health goals. To reduce stigmatizing blame, biomedical ‘chronically relapsing brain disease’ terminology may be optimal; to increase prognostic optimism and decrease perceived danger/social exclusion use of non‐medical terminology (e.g. ‘opioid problem’) may be optimal.