bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic loci determining potato starch yield and granule morphology revealed by genome-wide association study (GWAS)
Authors: Khlestkin Vadim K. , Erst Tatyana V. , Rozanova Irina V. , Efimov Vadim M. , Khlestkina Elena K. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundIt is well-documented that (bio)chemical reaction capacity of raw potato starch depends on crystallinity, morphology and other chemical and physical properties of starch granules, and these properties are closely related to gene functions. Preparative yield, amylose/amylopectin content, and phosphorylation of potato tuber starch are starch-related traits studied at the genetic level. In this paper, we perform a genome-wide association study using a 22K SNP potato array to identify for the first time genomic regions associated with starch granule morphology and to increase number of known genome loci associated with potato starch yield.MethodsA set of 90 potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) varieties from the ICG “GenAgro” collection (Novosibirsk, Russia) was harvested, 90 samples of raw tuber starch were obtained, and DNA samples were isolated from the skin of the tubers. Morphology of potato tuber starch granules was evaluated by optical microscopy and subsequent computer image analysis. A set of 15,214 scorable SNPs was used for the genome-wide analysis. In total, 53 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with potato starch morphology traits (aspect ratio, roundness, circularity, and the first bicomponent) and starch yield-related traits.ResultsA total of 53 novel SNPs was identified on potato chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11 and 12; these SNPs are associated with tuber starch preparative yield and granule morphology. Eight SNPs are situated close to each other on the chromosome 1 and 19 SNPs—on the chromosome 2, forming two DNA regions—potential QTLs, regulating aspect ratio and roundness of the starch granules. Thirty-seven of 53 SNPs are located in protein-coding regions. There are indications that granule shape may depend on starch phosphorylation processes. TheGWDgene, which is known to regulate starch phosphorylation—dephosphorylation, participates in the regulation of a number of morphological traits, rather than one specific trait. Some significant SNPs are associated with membrane and plastid proteins, as well as DNA transcription and binding regulators. Other SNPs are related to low-molecular-weight metabolite synthesis, and may be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and circadian rhythm-related metabolic processes. The preparative yield of tuber starch is a polygenic trait that is associated with a number of SNPs from various regions and chromosomes in the potato genome.
Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Its Implications in Dentistry-A Review of Literature
Authors: Ganapathi Amanthi , Vijayakumar Jagadish 
Published: November 2020

Oral health care providers must be aware of the impact of bleeding disorders on their patients during any dental procedure and management of such mishaps. Adequate knowledge of the mechanisms underlying hemostasis, and the optimised management of such patients, are therefore very important for these issues. Initial recognition of a bleeding disorder, in such patients with a systemic pathologic process, may occur in dental practice. The dental treatment of these patients might get complicated during the course of the treatment due to the use of anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet drugs raises a challenge in the daily practice of dental professionals. Adequate hemostasis is critical for the success of any invasive dental procedure, because bleeding problems can give rise to complications associated with important morbidity-mortality. Besides, prophylactic, restorative and surgical dental care of patients with any bleeding disorders is handled skilfully by practitioners who are well educated regarding the pathology, complications which could arise and treatment options associated with these conditions. The purpose of this paper is to review common bleeding disorders and their effects on the dental aspect. Many authors consider that patient medication indicated for the treatment of background disease should not be altered or suspended unless so indicated by the prescribing physician. Local hemostatic measures have been shown to suffice for controlling possible bleeding problems resulting from dental treatment.
Anti Psychotic Evaluation and GC-MS Analysis of Cassia occidentalis Leaves
Authors: Suchitra D. , Kilimozhi D. , Vishwanath B. A. , Natarajan Venkatesan 
Published: November 2020

Aim: To evaluate the effect of an active fraction from Cassia occidentalis leaves on Wistar rats against psychosis were investigated.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Aditya Bangalore Institute of Pharmacy Education and Research, Bangalore, India between June -2019 to July – 2020.
Methods: For the assessment of neuroleptic activity of the Cassia occidentalis leaves with different antipsychotic animal models, Chloroform and ethanol extract (200 mg.kg-1) were used for the study with different animal models. The extract showing higher anti psychotic activity was subjected to column chromatography and led to the isolation of an active fraction and examined in GC-MS analysis.
Results: A significant decrease of amphetamine-caused stereotype and conditioned avoidance reaction turned into found with extract treated animals as in comparison to control. Phencyclidine induced weird sample of locomotor activity and social withdrawal test in test extracts does no longer proven any significant activity as in comparison to control. Minor symptoms of catalepsy have been seen extract-treated group and decreased dopamine level in the frontal cortex and corpus striatum in comparison to the control group. GC-MS evaluation was identified two active principles present in the eluted fraction.
Conclusion: The study revealed that the ethanol extract of Cassia occidentalis may possess the property to alleviate the positive symptoms of psychosis.
Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes
Authors: Muhd Rodhi Miradatul Najwa , Hamzah Fazlena , Ku Hamid Ku Halim 
Published: November 2020

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Structural changes induced by ligand binding drastically increase the thermostability of the Ser/Thr protein kinase TpkD from Thermus thermophilus HB8
Authors: Fujino Yusuke , Miyagawa Takero , Torii Masayuki , Inoue Masao , Fujii Yuki , Okanishi Hiroki , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Masui Ryoji 
Published: November 2020

Thermophilic proteins maintain their structure at high temperatures through a combination of various factors. Here, we report the ligand‐induced stabilization of a thermophilic Ser/Thr protein kinase. Thermus thermophilus TpkD unfolds completely at 55 °C despite the optimum growth temperature of 75 °C. Unexpectedly, we found that the TpkD structure is drastically stabilized by its natural ligands ATP and ADP, as evidenced by the increase in the melting temperature to 80 °C. Such a striking effect of a substrate on thermostability has not been reported for other protein kinases. Conformational changes upon ATP binding were observed in fluorescence quenching and limited proteolysis experiments. Urea denaturation of Trp mutants suggested that ATP binding affects not only the ATP‐binding site, but also the remote regions. Our findings shed light on thermoadaptation of thermophilic proteins.
Pregnancy in MNGIE: a clinical and metabolic honeymoon
Authors: Pappalardo Pauline , Benoist Jean‐François , Bax Bridget E. , Carra‐Dallière Clarisse , Marelli Cecilia , Levene Michele , Begue Laetitia , Rolland Anne , Flori Nicolas , Rivier François , Blanchet Catherine , Munnich Arnold , Altwegg Romain , Meyer Pierre , Roubertie Agathe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) is an inherited disease caused by a deficiency in thymidine phosphorylase and characterized by elevated systemic deoxyribonucleotides and gastrointestinal (GI) and neurological manifestations. We report the clinical and biochemical manifestations that were evaluated in a single patient before, during, and after pregnancy, over a period of 7 years. GI symptoms significantly improved, and plasma deoxyribonucleotide concentrations decreased during pregnancy. Within days after delivery, the patient’s digestive symptoms recurred, coinciding with a rapid increase in plasma deoxyribonucleotide concentrations. We hypothesize that the clinico‐metabolic improvements could be attributed to the enzyme replacement action of the placental thymidine phosphorylase.
“Heterogeneous couplings”: Operationalizing network perspectives to study science‐society interactions through social media metrics
Authors: Costas Rodrigo , de Rijcke Sarah , Marres Noortje 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial media metrics have a genuine networked nature, reflecting the networking characteristics of the social media platform from where they are derived. This networked nature has been relatively less explored in the literature on altmetrics, although new network‐level approaches are starting to appear. A general conceptualization of the role of social media networks in science communication, and particularly of social media as a specific type of interface between science and society, is still missing. The aim of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for appraising interactions between science and society in multiple directions, in what we call heterogeneous couplings. Heterogeneous couplings are conceptualized as the co‐occurrence of science and non‐science objects, actors, and interactions in online media environments. This conceptualization provides a common framework to study the interactions between science and non‐science actors as captured via online and social media platforms. The conceptualization of heterogeneous couplings opens wider opportunities for the development of network applications and analyses of the interactions between societal and scholarly entities in social media environments, paving the way toward more advanced forms of altmetrics, social (media) studies of science, and the conceptualization and operationalization of more advanced science‐society studies.
Expression Changes in Epigenetic Gene Pathways Associated With One‐Carbon Nutritional Metabolites in Maternal Blood From Pregnancies Resulting in Autism and Non‐Typical Neurodevelopment
Authors: Zhu Yihui , Mordaunt Charles E. , Durbin‐Johnson Blythe P. , Caudill Marie A. , Malysheva Olga V. , Miller Joshua W. , Green Ralph , James S. Jill , Melnyk Stepan B. , Fallin M. Daniele , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Schmidt Rebecca J. , LaSalle Janine M. 
Published: November 2020

The prenatal period is a critical window for the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between prenatal nutrients and gestational gene expression in mothers of children later diagnosed with ASD or non‐typical development (Non‐TD) is poorly understood. Maternal blood collected prospectively during pregnancy provides insights into the effects of nutrition, particularly one‐carbon metabolites, on gene pathways and neurodevelopment. Genome‐wide transcriptomes were measured with microarrays in 300 maternal blood samples in Markers of Autism Risk in Babies‐Learning Early Signs. Sixteen different one‐carbon metabolites, including folic acid, betaine, 5′‐methyltretrahydrofolate (5‐MeTHF), and dimethylglycine (DMG) were measured. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) were used to compare gene expression between children later diagnosed as typical development (TD), Non‐TD and ASD, and to one‐carbon metabolites. Using differential gene expression analysis, six transcripts (TGR‐AS1, SQSTM1, HLA‐C, and RFESD) were associated with child outcomes (ASD, Non‐TD, and TD) with genome‐wide significance. Genes nominally differentially expressed between ASD and TD significantly overlapped with seven high confidence ASD genes. WGCNA identified co‐expressed gene modules significantly correlated with 5‐MeTHF, folic acid, DMG, and betaine. A module enriched in DNA methylation functions showed a suggestive protective association with folic acid/5‐MeTHF concentrations and ASD risk. Maternal plasma betaine and DMG concentrations were associated with a block of co‐expressed genes enriched for adaptive immune, histone modification, and RNA processing functions. These results suggest that the prenatal maternal blood transcriptome is a sensitive indicator of gestational one‐carbon metabolite status and changes relevant to children's later neurodevelopmental outcomes.Lay SummaryPregnancy is a time when maternal nutrition could interact with genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder. Blood samples collected during pregnancy from mothers who had a prior child with autism were examined for gene expression and nutrient metabolites, then compared to the diagnosis of the child at age three. Expression differences in gene pathways related to the immune system and gene regulation were observed for pregnancies of children with autism and non‐typical neurodevelopment and were associated with maternal nutrients.
What is the best way to manage ureteric calculi in the time of COVID‐19? A comparison of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) in an Australian health‐care setting
Authors: Farag Matthew , Jack Gregory S. , Wong Lih‐Ming , Bolton Damien M. , Lenaghan Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the best way to intervene for ureteric stones which still require treatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with respect to infection control. In this setting, in which resources are constrained, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) has prima facie advantages over ureteroscopy (URS). It is also necessary to also consider posttreatment resource consumption in regards to complications and repeat procedures.Subjects and methodsThe ideal ureteric stone treatment during a pandemic such as COVID‐19 would involve minimum resource consumption and a minimum number of patient attendances. We compared all patients initially treated with SWL to those initially treated with URS for acute ureteral colic within the state of Victoria, Australia in 2017.ResultsA total of 2724 ureteric stones were analyzed, a cumulative “3‐month exposure and burden on the healthcare system” was calculated for each patient by their initial procedure type. The readmission rate for URS was significantly higher than for SWL, 0.92 readmissions/patient for URS versus 0.54 readmissions/patient for SWL (P < .001). The cumulative hospital stay per patient for these two procedures was 2.35 days for SWL versus 3.21 days for URS (P < .001). The number of procedures per patient was 1.52 for SWL versus 1.89 for URS (P = .0213).ConclusionsPatients with ureteric stones treated initially by SWL have shorter length of stay with fewer overall attendances and procedures at 3 months than those treated with URS. During a pandemic such as COVID‐19, SWL may have benefits in preserving hospital resources and limiting opportunity for virus transmission, compared to URS.
The related mechanism of complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced chronic inflammation pain based on metabolomics analysis
Authors: Zhang Weibo , Lyu Jie , Xu Juxiang , Zhang Piao , Zhang Shuxia , Chen Yeru , Wang Yongjie , Chen Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic inflammation pain is a debilitating disease, and its mechanism still remains poorly understood. This study attempted to illuminate the metabolic mechanism of chronic inflammation pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection, especially at spinal level. The chronic inflammation pain model was established by CFA administration. Behavioral testing including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia was performed. Meanwhile, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics approach was applied to analyze potential metabolic biomarkers. The orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis mode was employed for determining metabolic changes, and a western blot was performed to detect the protein expression change. The results showed that 27 metabolites showed obviously abnormal expression and seven metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, comprising aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, purine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Meanwhile, the results showed that the expression of arginase I and nitric oxide levels were elevated in the CFA group compared with the control group, while the argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinatelyase proteins were not significantly different between the groups. These findings demonstrate that metabolic changes of the spinal cord may be implicated in neurotransmitter release and pain conductivity following CFA administration.
Work changes and individual, cancer‐related, and work‐related predictors of decreased work participation among African American cancer survivors
Authors: Hastert Theresa A. , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Banegas Matthew P. , Morales Joanna F. , Nair Mrudula , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Pandolfi Stephanie S. , Baird Tara E. , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAfrican American cancer survivors disproportionately experience financial difficulties after cancer. Decreased work participation (going from being employed full time to part time or from employed to not employed) can contribute to financial hardship after cancer but employment outcomes among African American cancer survivors have not been well described. This study estimates the prevalence of work changes and identifies factors associated with decreased work participation among African American cancer survivors. We analyzed data from 916 African American breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer survivors who participated in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors (ROCS) cohort and were employed before their cancer diagnosis. Modified Poisson models estimated prevalence ratios of decreased work participation and work changes, including changes to hours, duties, or schedules, between diagnosis and ROCS enrollment controlling for sociodemographic and cancer‐related factors. Nearly half of employed survivors made changes to their schedules, duties, or hours worked due to cancer and 34.6% took at least one month off of work, including 18% who took at least one month of unpaid time off. More survivors employed full time (vs. part time) at diagnosis were on disability at ROCS enrollment (18.7% vs. 12.6%, P < 0.001), while fewer were unemployed (5.9% vs. 15.7%, P < 0.001). Nearly half (47.5%) of employed survivors decreased work participation. Taking paid time off was not associated with decreased work participation; however, taking unpaid time off and making work changes were associated with prevalence ratios of decreased work participation of 1.29 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.62) and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.75), respectively. Employment disruptions are common after a cancer diagnosis. Survivors who take unpaid time off and make other work changes may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing decreased work participation.
Comparison of biopsy under‐sampling and annual progression using hidden markov models to learn from prostate cancer active surveillance studies
Authors: Li Weiyu , Denton Brian T. , Nieboer Daan , Carroll Peter R. , Roobol Monique J. , Morgan Todd M. ,   Movember Foundation’s Global Action Plan Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance (GAP3) consortium
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate the rates of biopsy undersampling and progression for four prostate cancer (PCa) active surveillance (AS) cohorts within the Movember Foundation's Global Action Plan Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance (GAP3) consortium. We used a hidden Markov model (HMM) to estimate factors that define PCa dynamics for men on AS including biopsy under‐sampling and progression that are implied by longitudinal data in four large cohorts included in the GAP3 database. The HMM was subsequently used as the basis for a simulation model to evaluate the biopsy strategies previously proposed for each of these cohorts. For the four AS cohorts, the estimated annual progression rate was between 6%–13%. The estimated probability of a biopsy successfully sampling undiagnosed non‐favorable risk cancer (biopsy sensitivity) was between 71% and 80%. In the simulation study of patients diagnosed with favorable risk cancer at age 50, the mean number of biopsies performed before age 75 was between 4.11 and 12.60, depending on the biopsy strategy. The mean delay time to detection of non‐favorable risk cancer was between 0.38 and 2.17 years. Biopsy undersampling and progression varied considerably across study cohorts. There was no single best biopsy protocol that is optimal for all cohorts, because of the variation in biopsy under‐sampling error and annual progression rates across cohorts. All strategies demonstrated diminishing benefits from additional biopsies.
Difficult weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass after surgical VSD closure: An unusual rare case
Authors: Mahdavi Mohammad , Asadian Sanaz , Shahzadi Hossein , Daliri Mahdi , Rezaeian Nahid , Toloueitabar Yaser 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe connection of the left coronary artery to the pulmonary artery may be asymptomatic due to high pulmonary vascular resistance in the context of left‐to‐right shunts. Before the repair of the mentioned anomalies, coronary anatomy must be defined.
Multiple disseminated pyogenic granuloma post–oil burning—Review literature
Authors: Iraji Fariba , Jelvan Minoo , Ganjei Zakiye , Rajabi Parvin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDisseminated pyogenic granuloma is a rare entity. Patients need reassurance for this benign condition and are advised about the risk of recurrence and the risk of scarring with a total surgical excision. Red‐flag diagnoses should be ruled out.
Surgical resection of a giant peripheral ossifying fibroma in mouth floor managed with fiberscopic intubation
Authors: Okui Tatsuo , Ibaragi Soichiro , Ono Kisho , Hasegawa Kazuaki , Sasaki Akira 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTracheal intubation for general anesthesia can sometimes be difficult in patients with a large mass in the mouth floor. Preoperative evaluation of the patient's airway is most important when treating large oral disease.