bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING REAL-WORLD USE OF ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA (ELF): A VALIDITY ARGUMENT
Authors: Cooke Sheryl 
Published: October 2020

Real-world use of English involves speakers and listeners from various linguistic backgrounds whose primary goal is mutual comprehensibility and the majority of conversations in English do not involve speakers from the Inner Circle (Graddol, 2006; Kirkpatrick, 2007). Yet, rather than focusing on comprehensibility, many tests continue to measure spoken performance with reference to an idealised, native-speaker form, weakening the validity of these tests in evaluating authentic spoken communicative competence as it is used in a global lingua franca context and leading to a narrowing of the construct of ELF, or to the inclusion of construct irrelevant factors.
Validation of a test of English as a tool for global communication includes demonstrating the link between the construct (real-world communicative ability in a particular context) and the test tasks and rating criteria (McNamara, 2006), and evidence to support the interpretation of a test score needs to be presented as part of the overall validity argument. First, this paper argues that the context of English use that many high-stakes test-takers aspire to – that of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) – is frequently an ELF context; second, Toulmin’s (2003) argument schema is leveraged to explore what evidence is required to support warrants and claims that a test provides a valid representation of a test-taker’s ability to use ELF. The framework as it relates to the validation of language tests in general is presented and the model is then applied to two tests of spoken English by way of illustration. Although examples are included, the main aim is to provide a theoretical justification for a focus on comprehensibility and the inclusion of linguistic variation in the assessment of ELF and to present a validation framework that can be applied by test developers and test users.
THE VALUE OF RATERS’ COMMENTS ON THE WRITING COMPONENT OF A DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT FOR LANGUAGE ADVISING
Authors: Rummel Stephanie 
Published: October 2020

The Diagnostic English Language Needs Assessment (DELNA) is used at the University of Auckland to help identify the Academic English needs of students following admission in order to direct them to appropriate support (Elder & Von Randow, 2008). The second tier of DELNA is composed of listening, reading and writing sections, with the writing component rated by trained raters using an analytic rating scale. Language advisers then discuss the marking sheet with the student during an advisory session to provide a detailed overview of the strengths and weaknesses.
The current study was carried out because of difficulties language advisers were experiencing with utilising the marking sheets to draw students’ attention to their strengths and weaknesses. A selection of 66 marking sheets with detailed comments from a variety of experienced raters was analysed and coded by two independent researchers. Themes were established regarding features that make a comment valuable or not valuable. Some of those same comments were then shared with students to determine whether or not they agreed with the advisers’ assessment. The results show a mismatch at times between language advisers and students. The findings have been used to improve adviser practice and implement a more in-depth rater training programme to help raters better understand the descriptors and to utilise the rating scale to its full potential.
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE CASE STUDY: U.S. POLICY IN THE EAST SEA UNDER THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Thu Pham Minh 
Published: October 2020

Three levels of analysis (individuals, nation states and international system) which have been widely recognized in foreign policy are applicable in explaining whether the Trump Administration has actually had a policy in the East Sea. At individual level, President Trump first announced the U.S. “Free and Open Indo – Pacific Strategy” in November 2017, in which the East Sea is known as an important factor of security pillar to preserve vitality of free and open air and maritime space in the region. It was then echoed at national level by national strategies, including the National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy and National Military Strategy. Also, members of the U.S. Cabinet and Congress have shown support for the Indo – Pacific Strategy in general and the U.S. policy in the East Sea in particular. In order to cope up with China’s assertiveness in this waterway at systematic level, the Trump Administration has unceasingly projected considerable its power, including increasing military presence and regional maritime capacity building efforts as well as frequent freedom of navigations (FONOPS). In the context that territorial disputes remain complex and unforeseeable, it is valuable to have a thorough look at the Trump’s East Sea policy for claimants in this water, including Viet Nam.
EFEKTIVITAS LATIHAN YOGA DALAM MENGATASI PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER (PJK)
Authors: Adnyani Dwitya Widi , Juniartha Made G. 
Published: October 2020

<p><em>Lifestyle or unhealthy lifestyles lead to unhealthy body conditions. This disturbs everyday human life. Unhealthy body conditions cause various diseases, one of which is cardiovascular disease that attacks the heart organ. Coronary heart disease is a disease that attacks the coronary arteries, where the coronary arteries are narrowed due to an imbalance of oxygen and nutrients produced with the needs of the heart. This can have an unhealthy impact on the heart and can cause death. Yoga practice can be used as an effort to reduce coronary heart disease because yoga practice helps balance the oxygen demand and oxygen supply produced by the body, so that the imbalance can be overcome and the heart becomes healthier. The percentage of narrowing of the arteries will decrease as a result of chest pain or angina pectoris will not be felt and coronary heart disease can be overcome.</em></p>
A espiritualidade como ferramenta no enfrentamento do HIV/AIDS
Authors: Santos Lucas Antonio de Oliveira , Silva Viviane Alves da , Beltrão Bruna Caroline Ribeiro , Silva Augusto César Beltrão da , Mouta Alba Angélica Nunes , Nogueira Francisco Jander de Sousa , Costa Nereu Bastos Teixeira , Campelo Yuri Dias Macedo , Campelo Vanessa Menezes de Brito , Beltrão Renata Paula Lima 
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a espiritualidade como uma ferramenta terapêutica no convívio com o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida/Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (HIV/AIDS), na qualidade de vida e na saúde mental e emocional das pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS (PVHA). Métodos: Estudo quanti-qualitativo que utilizou como população de estudo 10 usuários regularmente acompanhados pelo Centro de Orientação e Aconselhamento Sorológico/ Centro de Testagem e Acolhimento (COAS/CTA). Estes pacientes foram submetidos a uma entrevista estruturada que visava entender a relação deles com a religiosidade e com a espiritualidade. Resultados: Foi observado que 100% dos entrevistados acreditavam em um ser superior, embora 30% deles não possuíssem nenhuma religião. A espiritualidade pode atuar como um fator negativo ou positivo no enfrentamento da doença, visto que algumas pessoas podem encarar a doença como um castigo divino, enquanto outras veem na religião um amparo para o enfrentamento da sua condição, se sentindo aceitos e amados por um ser superior. Conclusão: Quando a relação com a espiritualidade ocorre de maneira positiva, ela é vista como suporte para a superação da situação crônica de cuidado. Porém, quando a relação é negativa, o paciente tem nesta um fator a mais de culpa e sofrimento.
A questionnaire-based survey to evaluate and improve the current HHT medical and social condition in Japan
Authors: Arai Nobuhiko , Akiyama Takenori 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic systemic vascular disease affecting multiple organs and shows recurrent intractable symptoms. This disease has not been widely recognized in Japan until recently. Both diagnosed HHT patients and potential ones have faced difficulties because of the unfamiliarity with the disease in Japan. To evaluate the effect and degree of such a Japanese situation, a questionnaire-based survey was executed in this study.

Methods:
This survey was carried out among the members of HHT Japan Association. The organization consisted of 102 members (as of 6/2019), mainly HHT patients and their family members. A questionnaire was used to gather demographic data, the effort to reach the diagnosis, and information regarding current patients’ and their families’ medical managements.

Results:
Of the 102 questionnaires distributed, we have got 56 responses. The participants were mostly female (30) with an average age of 55.4 ± 14.8 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) years. The average age of males was 53.5 ± 16.4. Relatively many HHT patients were born in huge cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Fukuoka Prefecture (n = 4 to 8 patients). The duration between the initial symptoms and the definite diagnosis was 8.8 ± 10.9 years. The number of hospitals involved in the final diagnosis was 2.38 ± 1.83. More than 70% of patients now have to visit at least two departments and 24% of HHT patients did not want their family to screen for HHT.

Conclusion:
HHT medical practice in Japan should be further modified, for example, by establishing HHT centers and educating primary care physicians and HHT patients.
Meningothelial meningioma of the oculomotor nerve: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sharifi Guive , Lotfinia Mahmoud , Omidbeigi Mahmoud , Asaadi Sina , Zerehpoosh Farahnaz Bidari 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The origin of meningioma tumors is known as the meningothelial or arachnoid cap cells. The arachnoid granulations or villi are concentrated along with the dural venous sinuses in the cerebral convexity, parasagittally, and sphenoid wing regions. The majority of meningiomas are found in these locations with dural attachment. Infrequently, meningiomas develop without dural attachment but in dural adjacent. There are numerous reports of patients with cranial nerve involvement as a result of the compressive effect of the sinus cavernous or adjacent structures meningioma tumor on the cranial nerve.

Case Description:
In this study, we reviewed all reports of patients with third nerve involvement as a result of meningioma tumors in addition to the introduction of a new case. We present a 47-year-old woman presented with headache, diplopia, and ptosis. A gadolinium-enhanced mass on anterolateral of the left cerebral peduncle with no dural attachment was suggesting for Schwannoma at preoperative imaging. An adhesive 10 × 5 × 4 mm meningothelial meningioma arising from the oculomotor nerve was resected.

Conclusion:
The findings of this review suggest that there may be other mechanisms as the origin of meningiomas tumors. It is crucial to take into account origination mechanisms of meningioma using ectopic meningiomas due to the increasing prevalence of meningioma.
Cerebrospinal fluid closing pressure-guided tap test for the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: A descriptive cross-sectional study
Authors: Gómez-Amarillo Diego Fernando , Pulido Luis Fernando , Mejía Isabella , García-Baena Catalina , Cárdenas María Fernanda , Gómez Lina María , Fuentes Yuli Viviana , Volcinschi-Moros Daniela , Jaramillo-Velásquez Daniel , Ramón Juan Fernando , Mejía Juan Armando , Jiménez Enrique , Hakim Fernando 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Tap test improves symptoms of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH); hence, it is widely used as a diagnostic procedure. However, it has a low sensitivity and there is no consensus on the parameters that should be used nor the volume to be extracted. We propose draining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during tap test until a closing pressure of 0 cm H2O is reached as a standard practice. We use this method with all our patients at our clinic.

Methods:
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study where all patients with presumptive diagnosis of iNPH from January 2014 to December 2019 were included in the study. We used a univariate descriptive analysis and stratified analysis to compare the opening pressure and the volume of CSF extracted during the lumbar puncture, between patients in whom a diagnosis of iNPH was confirmed and those in which it was discarded.

Results:
A total of 92 patients were included in the study. The mean age at the time of presentation was 79.4 years and 63 patients were male. The diagnosis of iNPH was confirmed in 73.9% patients. The mean opening pressure was 14.4 cm H2O mean volume of CSF extracted was 43.4 mL.

Conclusion:
CSF extraction guided by a closing pressure of 0 cm H2O instead of tap test with a fixed volume of CSF alone may be an effective method of optimizing iNPH symptomatic improvement and diagnosis.
Cervical meningioma resection including the inner dura through an open-door laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite spacers: A case report
Authors: Miyakoshi Naohisa , Hongo Michio , Kasukawa Yuji , Ishikawa Yoshinori , Kudo Daisuke , Shimada Yoichi 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The ideal surgery for spinal cord tumors is complete resection to prevent recurrence. However, it should be accomplished safely/effectively without risking increased morbidity. Here, we report a cervical meningioma that was totally resected, including the inner dura, through a laminoplasty performed with hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers.

Case Description:
A 61-year-old Asian male presented with a symptomatic intradural extramedullary C4-C6 cervical meningioma. At surgery, this required resection of the inner dural layer through an open-door laminoplasty. Preservation of the outer dural layer facilitated a watertight closure and the avoidance of a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. Notably, the laminoplasty utilized HA spacers which were magnetic resonance (MR) compatible allowing for future follow-up studies to evaluate for tumor recurrence. At 5-year follow-up, the tumor had not recurred, the patient was asymptomatic, and alignment was maintained.

Conclusion:
Gross total resection of an intradural extramedullary C4-C6 cervical meningioma was performed with removal of just the inner dural layer. Preservation of the outer dural layer allowed for a watertight closure and the avoidance of a postoperative CSF leak. Further, laminoplasty using HA spacers allowed for successful tumor resection, adequate fusion/stabilization, while not interfering with future MR studies (e.g., HA MR compatible).
Brain abscess – A rare complication of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Hasan Md Tanvir , Lewis Daniel , Siddiqui Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Brain abscess is a neurosurgical emergency, which can arise through direct bacterial seeding or hematogenous spread. Rarely, brain abscess formation has been reported following ischemic stroke. An increasingly utilized therapy for stroke is mechanical thrombectomy, and within this report, we present a case of brain abscess formation following this procedure.

Case Description:
A 78-year-old female presented to our center with a right total anterior circulation stroke (TACS) secondary to terminal internal carotid artery occlusion. An emergent mechanical thrombectomy was performed and the patient’s initial postoperative recovery was good. In the 3rd week after the procedure, however, the patient became more confused and following the onset of fever, an MRI brain was performed, which demonstrated an extensive multiloculated right-sided brain abscess. Burr hole drainage of the abscess was subsequently undertaken and pus samples obtained grew Proteus mirabilis, presumed secondary to a urinary tract infection, and the patient was started on prolonged antibiotic therapy. To date, the infection has been eradicated and the patient survives albeit with persistent neurological deficits.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported UK case of brain abscess following mechanical thrombectomy for stroke. Endovascular interventions can lead to increased incidence of ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke with increased blood–brain barrier damage and risk of microbial seeding. This case highlights the need for rigorous asepsis and proactive treatment of systemic infections in the acute phase following endovascular treatment and consideration of brain abscess in all patients who present with new-onset confusion and unexplained fever following stroke.
PERFORMATIVITAS QUEER DALAM NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE (KEBERAGAMAN GENDER MASYARAKAT BUGIS DALAM KARYA SASTRA)
Authors: Ria Lestari Ummu Fatimah 
Published: October 2020

Karya sastra sebagai tiruan realitas kehidupan manusia terepresentasi dalam novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie. Novel ini berlatar belakang kehidupan masyarakat Bugis di Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini membahas tentang performativitas queer dalam novel Calabai melalui queer theory Judith Butler.Menurut Butler, performativitas adalah kondisi alamiah bagi manusia dalam menampilkan tubuhnya (fisik). Bahasan mengenai jenis kelamin (sex), gender, dan orientasi seksual adalah konstruksi sosial yang dapat bersifat cair, tidak alamiah, dan labil.Performativitas queer dalam narasi pengarang novel Calabai ditandai sebagai penampilan yang alamiah dan ditampilkan berulang-ulang oleh tokoh-tokoh cerita yang dianggap queer, yaitu calabai dan bissu. Bissu dikonstruksi oleh budaya sebagai gender ”bukan gender”dalam lingkungan sosialnya. Melalui narasi novel ini, masyarakat Bugis memiliki dan mengakui adanya gender kelima (bissu) dalam kebudayaan mereka. Narasi dalam novel Calabai mengungkapkan penampilan alamiah bissu yang terus diulang melalui diskursif masyarakat sekian lama, sehingga bissu terkonstruksi dalam kebudayaan Bugis sebagai gender queer.

Literary works is an imitation of the reality of human life is represented in Calabai by Pepi Al-Bayqunie. This novel takes the setting of Buginese community lifein South Sulawesi. This research discusses the queer performativity in novel Calabai through queer theory from Judith Butler. According to Butler, performativity is a natural condition for man in displaying his (physical) body. Discussion about sex, gender, and sexual orientation is a social construct that can be fluid, unnatural, and unstable. Performativity queer in Calabai's narratives is characterized as a natural appearance and repeatedly displayed by the characters of the story considered queer, calabai and bissu. Bissu was constructed by culture as gender "not gender" in its social environment. Through its narratives, Buginese society owns and recognizes the existence bissu as the fifth genderin their culture. Its narratives reveal the natural appearance of bissu which has been repeated over the discursive society for so long that bissu was constructed in Buginese culture as a gender queer.
Mental diseases background and diagnostic music therapy
Authors: Gupta Suchi 
Published: October 2020

Summary: Man is the best creation created by God. At birth, he is rich in active brain. Even in the sleep state, his brain remains active. The tendency of the brain is very sensitive because it works under the control of the senses. The external environment and internal factors affect his behavior. Excess of these factors is responsible for susceptible, mental state, psychosis. As stated earlier, psychologists are responsible for physical defects, biological causes, social causes, psychopaths. But sometimes psychiatrists intrude on the human mind at a very fast pace. It means to say that if a person is diagnosed with mental illnesses on the basis of goals, then his diagnosis is possible. Diagnostic therapy has proved to be a boon for psychiatrists. If the patient is able to tell his mental state and the reason for that distorted state is clear, then certain music therapy is used to control the emotions.
सारांश:- मनुष्य ईश्वर द्वारा निर्मित श्रेष्ठतम् रचना है। जन्मोपरान्त में ही वह सक्रिय मस्तिष्क का धनी होता है। यहां तक की निद्रा अवस्था में भी उसका मस्तिष्क क्रियाशील रहता है। मस्तिष्क की प्रवृति अत्यन्त संवेदनशील होती है क्योंकि वह इन्द्रियों के वशीभूत होकर कार्य करता है। बाहरी वातावरण एवं आन्तरिक कारण उसके व्यवहार को प्रभावित करते है। इन कारको की अधिकता अतिसंवेदनशील, मानसिक अवस्था, मनोविकारो के लिए उत्तरदायी होती है। जैसा कि पूर्व कथित है कि मनोविज्ञानी शारीरिक दोष, जैविक कारण, सामाजिक कारण, मनोरोगो के लिए उत्तरदायी मानते है। परन्तु कभी-कभी मनोविकार अत्यन्त तीव्र गति से मनुष्य के मन मस्तिष्क पर अतिक्रमण करते है। कहने का तात्पर्य यह है कि मनुष्य में मानसिक रोगो की पहचान लक्ष्णो के आधार पर तुरन्त हो जाए तो उसका निदान संभव है। निदानात्मक चिकित्सा पद्धति मनोरोगियों के लिए वरदान स्वरुप सिद्ध हुई है। यदि रोगी अपनी मानसिक स्थिति को बता पाने में सक्षम है और उस विकृत अवस्था का कारण स्पष्ट है तो निश्चित की संगीत चिकित्सा मनोभावो को नियंत्रित करके उपचार हेतु प्रयोग की जाती है।
Herramientas de apoyo y soporte para elevar el nivel del aprendizaje de la programación-informática
Authors: Molina Izurieta Rosa , Villalva Cárdenas Edgar 
Published: October 2020

La Programación-Informática se ha convertido en un campo de interés científico e industrial, siendo así un componente fundamental en la formación actual de Ingenieros en Sistemas Computacionales e Ingenieros Informáticos y unidad modular complementaria en varias ramas de las ingenierías. Su importancia en las actividades de enseñanza y aprendizaje asociados a la programación han sido reconocidas con alto grado de dificultad; por lo cual, el presente proyecto tiene como finalidad analizar las herramientas existentes de programación para así poder contribuir a la Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas y Físicas, carreras CISC y CINT con el estudio cada uno de ellas, aplicando investigación científica, bibliográfica, de campo entre otras obteniendo una recolección de datos a través de encuestas, presentando un resultado de sus principales utilidades, de tal forma que se pueda elevar el nivel de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.
La educación digital en modalidad presencial
Authors: Obando Montenegro José Enrique 
Published: October 2020

La presente investigación se contextualizó en la Universidad de Guayaquil dentro del programa de investigación “reactivación del sistema de gestión de prevención de riesgos laborales”, en su proyecto “socialización de la evaluación de riesgos, establecimiento de metas y plan de implementación”, del FCI (Fondo Competitivo de Investigación), avalizado por el Vice-Rectorado de Investigación, Gestión del Conocimiento y Postgrado en Guayaquil, Ecuador. La necesidad de capacitar en el área de seguridad y salud ocupacional en función de disponer de las certificaciones SETEC(Secretaría Técnica del Sistema Nacional de Cualificaciones Profesionales) al personal administrativo y de servicio de todo nivel en el ente universitario, cuyo número a la fecha oscila entre 5000 y 6000 personas, implica tener como objetivo un escenario educativo que facilite el proceso a llevar a cabo, por lo que la tecnología digital constituye un aliado educativo a la modalidad presencial o virtual que ha sido determinada por el personal responsable del proyecto, para el desarrollo de estos cursos. En el camino de la consecución de las conclusiones, se analizaron las concepciones tecnológicas actuales y su uso educativo, así como la necesidad de emplear la tecnología educativa, estimándose emprender el uso del gestor de aprendizaje Moodle, bajo el paradigma digital de aprendizaje en apoyo a las modalidades nombradas, dado que así se facilita el proceso educativo de cursos que se originan en sus distintas categorías y diversos destinatarios, dado el nivel de concurrencia cuyo número de accesos y consultas hace necesario prestar facilidades de aprendizaje al estudiante.