bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening and evaluation of Monascus purpureusFJMR24 for enhancing the raw material utilization rate in rice wine brewing
Authors: Ren Xiangyun , He Zhigang , Lin Xiaozi , Lin Xiaojie , Liang Zhangcheng , Liu Di , Huang Yingying , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rapid development of the rice wine industry has increased the demand for raw materials worldwide. A fungal strain with good adaptability to rice wine brewing conditions, which can also enhance the utilization rate of raw materials (URRM), thus increasing the production efficiency, was sought in the present research.RESULTSThe strain FJMR24 was successfully isolated and screened from 35 fermentation starters and exhibited high amylase activity (2200.9 ± 18.5 U g−1) and high glucoamylase activity (2330.4 ± 31.9 U g−1). Based on a morphological examination and a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and β‐tubulin gene, FJMR24 was identified as Monascus purpureus, which is an edible and versatile fungus that plays a dominant role in the processing of Hong Qu. A moderate pH of 5–6 under incubation at 35 °C for 5–6 days was favorable for the growth and enzyme production of FJMR24. The strain could also tolerate the extreme conditions of 15–45 °C, 18% ethanol (v/v), and an acidity of pH 2. The excellent fermentation adaptability of FJMR24 might enable it to retain high enzyme activity during rice wine brewing. As a result of the action of FJMR24, the URRM of the base liquor increased by around 26% due to increased starch hydrolysis efficiency, which was mainly due to the high unit enzyme activity of FJMR24.CONCLUSIONThis study provides perspectives for the application of a M. purpureus strain with high starch hydrolysis activity for enhancing the URRM in traditional rice wine brewing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolic elicitors ofPseudomonas fluorescensN 21.4 elicit flavonoid metabolism in blackberry fruit
Authors: Martin‐Rivilla Helena , Garcia‐Villaraco Ana , Ramos‐Solano Beatriz , Gutierrez‐Manero Francisco J , Lucas José A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe beneficial rhizobacterium,Pseudomonas fluorescensN 21.4, and its metabolic elicitors were inoculated in commercial cultivars of blackberry plants (Rubuscv. Loch Ness). Phenolic compounds present in red and black fruit and the expression of structural marker genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway during fruit ripening were studied.ResultsAn inverse relationship between gene expression and accumulation of metabolites was seen, except for theRuDFRgene, which had a direct correlation with cyanidin 3‐O‐glucoside synthesis, increasing its content 1.3 times whenRuDFR was overexpressed in the red fruit of plants inoculated with the metabolic elicitors ofP. fluorescensN 21.4, compared with red fruit of plants inoculated with N 21.4. TheRuCHSgene also had a fundamental role in the accumulation of metabolites. Both rhizobacterium and metabolic elicitors triggered the flavonoid metabolism, enhancing the catechin and epicatechin content between 1.1 and 1.6 times in the case of red fruit and between 1.1 and 1.8 times in the case of black fruit. Both treatments also boosted the anthocyanin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivative content, highlighting the effects of metabolic elicitors in red fruit and the effects of live rhizobacterium in black fruit.ConclusionThe metabolic elicitors' capacity to modulate gene expression and to increase secondary metabolites content was demonstrated. This work therefore suggests that they are effective, affordable, easily manageable, and ecofriendly plant inoculants that complement, or are alternatives to, beneficial rhizobacteria. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Fluoride absorption, transportation and tolerance mechanism in Camellia sinensis, and its bioavailability and health risk assessment: a systematic review
Authors: Peng Chuan‐yi , Xu Xue‐feng , Ren Yin‐feng , Niu Hui‐liang , Yang Yun‐qiu , Hou Ru‐yan , Wan Xiao‐chun , Cai Hui‐mei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTea is the one of the most popular non‐alcoholic caffeinated beverages in the world. Tea is produced from the tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze), which is known to accumulate fluoride. This article systematically analyzes the literature concerning fluoride absorption, transportation and fluoride tolerance mechanisms in tea plants. Fluoride bioavailability and exposure levels in tea infusions are also reviewed. The circulation of fluoride within the tea plantation ecosystems is in a positive equilibrium, with greater amounts of fluoride introduced to tea orchards than removed. Water extractable fluoride and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) extractable fluoride in plantation soil are the main sources of absorption by tea plant root via active trans‐membrane transport and anion channels. Most fluoride is readily transported through the xylem as F−/F–Al complexes to leaf cell walls and vacuole. The findings indicate that tea plants employ cell wall accumulation, vacuole compartmentalization, and F–Al complexes to co‐detoxify fluoride and aluminum, a possible tolerance mechanism through which tea tolerates higher levels of fluoride than most plants. Furthermore, dietary and endogenous factors influence fluoride bioavailability and should be considered when exposure levels of fluoride in commercially available dried tea leaves are interpreted. The relevant current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of production system and inhibitory potential of aroma volatiles on polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activity in tomatoes
Authors: Lee Jisun HJ , Kasote Deepak M , Jayaprakasha Guddadarangavvanahally K , Avila Carlos A , Crosby Kevin M , Patil Bhimanagouda S 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) are key enzymes associated with shelf life and defense responses. Thus, the activity of PPO and POD enzymes is usually assessed to check the quality of food samples and to understand the physiological responses of plants to different stresses. However, the outcomes of PPO and POD activity assessment studies are highly dependent on assay conditions. Hence, in this study, we initially optimized PPO and POD extraction and high‐throughput 96‐well plates‐based enzymatic activity assessment methods to evaluate the inhibitory potential of tomato volatile compounds. Later, we explored the effects of net‐house and open‐field growing on the PPO and POD activity in tomato fruits of eight cultivars.RESULTSWe found 150 mM of catechol and pH 7.0 were the optimal conditions for the maximum activity for the PPO assay. Conversely, 24 mM guaiacol with 12 mM H2O2 and pH 6.0 was the best condition for the POD assay. Thermal inactivation studies confirmed that tomato POD is more resistant to heat than PPO. We found that the production systems had a considerable genotype‐specific impact on tomato PPO and POD activity. Moreover, amongst the volatiles that were studied, β‐damascenone and d‐limonene showed 50% PPO inhibition at 40 and 80 mM, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study can be used to improve the shelf‐life of fresh tomato fruit and its products. The findings also underscore the significance of PPO and POD enzymes as physiological trait markers in the tomato crop and fruit quality improvement programs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Accelerating the development of artificial biocrusts using covers for restoration of degraded land in dryland ecosystems
Authors: Zhao Yang , Wang Nan , Zhang Zhishan , Pan Yanxia , Jia Rongliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent research has revealed the potential for using cyanobacteria inoculation to promote biocrusts on sandy drylands. There is global interest in using this approach to combat land degradation. Nevertheless, in order to use this biotechnology on a large scale, researchers must explore technologies that are simple and efficient to implement. To achieve this aim, we tested the effects of different covers to control dust and stabilize sand surfaces measures—that is, nonwoven fabric, dust‐proof net, and sun‐shading net—on colonization and development of artificial cyanobacteria crusts on the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert in Northern China. After 80 days, cyanobacteria crusts occurred in all inoculated soils. The best results occurred when using fresh cyanobacteria were covered with two‐layer nonwoven fabric and one‐layer sun‐shading net; this treatment resulted in 50.0% biocrust cover, 2.88 mm biocrust thickness, 19.21 μg cm2 chlorophyll a concentration, 79.05 μg cm2 total carbohydrate content, and 10.00 m s−1 threshold friction velocity, which is significantly higher than sand (3.70 m s−1). The results suggest that covering with nets can accelerate development of artificial cyanobacteria crusts, because covers improve micro‐environments and remove barriers limiting biocrust colonization. This study describes a potential approach to reconstruct or recover biocrusts, and to restore degraded land in dryland ecosystems.
Basal resource quality and energy sources in three habitats of a lowland river ecosystem
Authors: McInerney Paul J. , Holt Galen , Lester Rebecca E. , Thompson Ross M. , Robson Barbara , Ryder Darren S. , Bond Nick R. , Baldwin Darren S. , Gawne Ben , Petrie Rochelle 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnderstanding energy flow through ecosystems and among sub‐habitats is critical for understanding patterns of biodiversity and ecosystem function. It can also be of considerable applied interest in situations where managing for connectivity among habitats is important for restoring degraded ecosystems. Here, we describe patterns of basal resource quality and identify primary basal energy sources in three habitats—river channels, anabranches and wetlands—of a lowland river floodplain in the Murray River catchment, Australia during a period of disconnected surface flow. We used a combination of stable isotope and fatty acid analyses to determine which basal resources were assimilated by the backswimmer Anisops thienemanni and the Eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki and assessed food quality across the three habitats. Seston was a primary basal resource for both animals in all three habitats, but was of higher quality within floodplain habitats than in the river channel. Although floodplain seston contained higher concentrations of essential fatty acids, fatty acid profiles of animals from different habitats remained similar. Our research suggests that inundation of floodplains and subsequent reconnection to the river could be valuable to afford riverine animals the opportunity to access high quality resources, but highlights a need to quantitatively assess the transfer of essential fatty acids between trophic levels to determine how much riverine animals are in fact limited by poorer quality food resources. We demonstrate the importance of estimating the quality of organic matter fluxes into food webs, and the potential role of targeted environmental flows to re‐establish high quality energy pathways in riverine ecosystems.
Influence of surface properties on electro‐chemical supercapacitors utilizing Callerya atropurpurea pod derived porous nanocarbons: Structure property relationship between porous structures to energy storage devices
Authors: Bhat Vinay S. , S Supriya , Jayeoye Titilope John , Rujiralai Thitima , Sirimahachai Uraiwan , Chong Kwok Feng , Hegde Gurumurthy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSurface properties always play a dominant role in the energy storage devices. Understanding the surface phenomena is the key to tune the energy storage device using biowaste based porous nano carbons. Here, Callerya atropurpurea pod derived peculiar porous nanocarbons are synthesized by pyrolysis at different temperatures without any synthetic templates approach. Elaborate analysis of surface textures on the effect of pore size, volume and specific surface area on specific capacitance and frequency response behavior of nanocarbons were studied in detail. Electrochemical characterizations establish the mutuality of porosity and microtextural properties of nanocarbons with specific capacitance. The electrochemical characterization of the novel materials as supercapacitor electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 326.54 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1 in 1.0 M KOH. A practical symmetric supercapacitor device is fabricated with a specific capacitance of 86.38 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and high energy density of 27.0 Wh kg−1. This symmetric supercapacitor also possesses outstanding capacitance retention of 92.16% for 5000 charge discharge cycles and also stability of 97.17%, after voltage holding at the maximum voltage for 100 hours. Present manuscript gives the strong evidence for structure‐property relationships so that one can tune the energy storage devices effectively.
Compatibility and toughening mechanism of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate blends
Authors: Liu Juan , Zhao Xiaowen , Ye Lin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/polycarbonate (PC) blends with methyl methacrylate‐styrene‐butadiene copolymer as compatibilizer (CP) were prepared. Compared with pure PET, the notched impact strength of the blend was improved significantly, while high tensile strength and 50%–70% optical transparency could be maintained. In particular, for the PET/70 wt% PC sample the notched impact strength sharply increased by 955% with the addition of compatibilizer. The ΔTg of the two phases of the blends decreased on blending, exhibiting partial compatibility. Below 50 wt% PC, the dispersed PC phase presented uneven dispersion with large aggregates and a clear interface, while above 50 wt% PC a reverse phase transformation occurred and the PET phase was evenly dispersed in the PC matrix with small aggregates and obvious interface transition areas. The introduction of CP promoted spherical PC particles to uniformly disperse in the matrix, and the interface transition area of the two phases became very wide. Moreover, the CP itself ran through the matrix to form a ‘quasi‐network distribution’ and the compatibility was greatly improved, thus leading to an obvious enhancement of the impact toughness of the blend. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Identification and characterisation of the anti‐allergic compound from lotus root
Authors: Wakugawa Tomoharu , Nagamine Kenichi , Hiramatsu Miharu , Takeda Mayuko , Kawata Chika , Kashiwada Yoshiki , Shinohara Keiko , Sawada Eiji , Yabumoto Masami , Fujino Hiromichi , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Fukui Hiroyuki , Takeda Noriaki , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAimHistamine H1 receptor (H1R) gene is up‐regulated in the nasal mucosa of patients with pollinosis, and its expression level is strongly correlated with the severity of allergic symptoms. However, suppression of H1R mRNA to the basal level by antihistamine failed to alleviate nasal symptoms completely, and nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) signalling was demonstrated to be the additional signalling responsible for the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR). Lotus Root (LR) has been traditionally used to improve the allergic symptoms; however, the underlying mechanism of its anti‐allergic activity is unknown. Here, we show that the LR aequeous extract suppressed ionomycin‐induced NFAT signalling‐mediated IL‐9 mRNA up‐regulation in RBL‐2H3 cells and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI)‐sensitised rats.MethodsAn active compound from LR was purified by aequeous extraction and ethanol precipitation followed by column chromatography, and its structure was resolved using thiol degradation followed by 1H‐NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and 13C‐NMR. The mRNA levels of H1R and IL‐9 were measured using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsWe isolated and identified proanthocyanidin containing gallocatechin tetramer as an active compound. LR‐derived proanthocyanidin (LRPC) suppressed IL‐9 mRNA up‐regulation both in RBL‐2H3 cells and TDI‐sensitised rats. Combination therapy of LRPC with antihistamine markedly alleviated allergic symptoms.ConclusionData suggest that LRPC alleviated nasal symptoms through the inhibition of IL‐9 mRNA up‐regulation, possibly through the inhibition of NFAT signalling, and that combination therapy of LRPC with antihistamine could be effective in advanced treatment for AR.
Explicit solutions of the BVPs of the theory of thermoelasticity for an elastic circle with voids and microtemperatures
Authors: Bitsadze Lamara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present paper, we consider an elastic circle and a plane with circular hole with voids and microtemperatures. Representations of a general solution of a system of equations for a homogeneous isotropic thermoelastic medium with voids and microtemperatures are constructed by means of the elementary (harmonic, bi‐harmonic and meta‐harmonic) functions. The Dirichlet type boundary value problems for a circle and for a plane with circular hole are solved explicitly. The obtained solutions are represented in the form of absolutely and uniformly convergent series.
Primary resonance analysis of a nonlinear flexible shaft supported by active magnetic bearings using analytical method
Authors: Hosseini S. A. A. , Yektanezhad A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, primary resonances of a flexible rotor suspended by active magnetic bearings are investigated. The rotor has large amplitude vibrations, which leads to nonlinearities in curvature and inertia. In addition, nonlinearity characteristics of active magnetic bearings are considered. In modeling of the shaft, rotary inertia and shear deformation are neglected but gyroscopic effect is included. Here, the equations of motion and related boundary conditions are both nonlinear. To analyze the dynamical behavior of the system, the renormalization group method is directly applied to the partial differential equations of motion and boundary conditions. The effects of different parameters of the shaft and active magnetic bearings on the frequency response of the system in the neighborhood of critical speeds are investigated, and it is shown that both hardening and softening nonlinearity behaviors are possible.
Buckling of shear deformable FG‐CNTRC cylindrical shells and toroidal shell segments under mechanical loads in thermal environments
Authors: Hieu Pham Thanh , Van Tung Hoang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn analytical study on buckling of carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) circular cylindrical shells and toroidal shell segments surrounded by elastic media, exposed to thermal environments and subjected to axial compression and combined mechanical loads is presented in this paper. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reinforced into isotropic matrix through uniform and functionally graded distributions. Material properties of constituents are assumed to be temperature dependent and effective elastic moduli of CNTRC are estimated by an extended rule of mixture. Formulations are based on first order shear deformation theory taking into account interaction between the shell and surrounding medium. Two‐term solution of deflection is assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions and Galerkin method is used to obtain closed‐form expressions of buckling loads. Numerical illustrations are given to analyze the effects of CNT volume fraction and distribution patterns, preexisting loads, surrounding elastic media and geometrical parameters on the stability of CNTRC shells. The proposed approach is simple and effective to evaluate buckling loads of moderately thick closed nanocomposite shells under different types of mechanical loads.
The Hopf algebra structure of the R∗-operation
Authors: Beekveldt Robert , Borinsky Michael , Herzog Franz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We give a Hopf-algebraic formulation of the R∗-operation, which is a canonical way to render UV and IR divergent Euclidean Feynman diagrams finite. Our analysis uncovers a close connection to Brown’s Hopf algebra of motic graphs. Using this connection we are able to provide a verbose proof of the long observed ‘commutativity’ of UV and IR subtractions. We also give a new duality between UV and IR counterterms, which, entirely algebraic in nature, is formulated as an inverse relation on the group of characters of the Hopf algebra of log-divergent scaleless Feynman graphs. Many explicit examples of calculations with applications to infrared rearrangement are given.
On countably saturated linear orders and certain class of countably saturated graphs
Authors: Kostana Ziemowit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe idea of this paper is to explore the existence of canonical countably saturated models for different classes of structures. It is well-known that, under CH, there exists a unique countably saturated linear order of cardinality $$\mathfrak {c}$$
c
. We provide some examples of pairwise non-isomorphic countably saturated linear orders of cardinality $$\mathfrak {c}$$
c
, under different set-theoretic assumptions. We give a new proof of the old theorem of Harzheim, that the class of countably saturated linear orders has a uniquely determined one-element basis. From our proof it follows that this minimal linear order is a Fraïssé limit of certain Fraïssé class. In particular, it is homogeneous with respect to countable subsets. Next we prove the existence and uniqueness of the uncountable version of the random graph. This graph is isomorphic to $$(H(\omega _1),\in \cup \ni )$$

(
H

(

ω
1

)

,
∈
∪
∋
)

, where $$H(\omega _1)$$

H
(

ω
1

)

is the set of hereditarily countable sets, and two sets are connected if one of them is an element of the other. In the last section, an example of a prime countably saturated Boolean algebra is presented.
Product innovation and informal market competition in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Avenyo Elvis Korku , Konte Maty , Mohnen Pierre 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe interaction between formal and informal businesses continues to grow in African countries. Yet, competition from informal enterprises remains one of the top three obstacles formal businesses face in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper investigates the effect of informal competition on the performance of innovative products introduced by formal firms. We combine the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey with the Innovation Follow-up Survey for five sub-Saharan African countries, and construct two indicators of informal competition, one regional (local)-specific and the other one industry-specific. We find that local informal competition has a robust negative effect on product innovation intensity of formal firms, while within industry informal competition enhances innovative sales. However, larger firms are less affected by local informal competition and actually get a boost in innovative sales from informal competition. We argue that local informal competition harms the performance of product innovation, but only for formal firms that lack strategic collaborative ‘footholds’ in the informal economy.