bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of aqueous extract of fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata L. on the oxidative stress profile against Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in albino rats
Authors: Ogunleye Oluyomi Olajumoke , Jatau Isa Danladi , Natala Audu Joseph , Ola-Fadunsin Shola David 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Chemotherapy is the most widely used means of controlling trypanosomosis, however, effectiveness of the drugs available is limited by a number of factors. This study investigates the oxidative stress profile of aqueous extract of the fruit pulp of Adansonia digitata on some organs in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei.

Methods
Thirty-five male albino rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Groups B, C, D, E, F and G were inoculated with 0.20 ml of suspension containing 106 T. b. brucei. Group A were neither infected nor treated. Group B were infected but not treated. At onset of parasitaemia, rats in group C were treated with diminazene aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg body weight once, while rats in group D were treated with vitamin C at 200 mg/kg body weight for 3 days consecutively. Rats in groups E, F and G were treated orally for 3 days with the aqueous extract of fruit pulp of A. digitata at a dosage of 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg body weight respectively. Liver and kidney tissues of the rats were collected at necropsy (10 days PI) for oxidative stress analysis.

Results
There was a significant (p < 0.05) effect in the concentration levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase among the different groups treated with aqueous extract of fruit pulp of A. digitata.

Conclusion
The extract of A. digitata exert protective effects against tissue peroxidation in albino rats experimentally infected with T. b. brucei.
Suppression of platelet reactivity during dialysis by addition of a nitric oxide donor to the dialysis fluid
Authors: Urabe Shunichiro , Kokubo Kenichi , Tsukao Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kozue , Hirose Minoru , Kobayashi Hirosuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Dialysis membranes that release nitric oxide (NO) from their surface, mimicking one of the functions of endothelial cells, may suppress platelet reactivity during hemodialysis treatment. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the addition of a NO donor to the dialysis fluid can suppress platelet reactivity during dialysis.

Methods
Porcine whole blood was circulated for 4 h through a polysulfone (PS) dialyzer or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dialyzer. After the blood was circulated through the blood circuit and dialyzer, sodium nitroprusside was added to the dialysis fluid as a NO donor. The changes in the platelet reactivity, measured by the platelet aggregation activity by the addition of adenosine diphosphate or collagen in the blood sample, were evaluated during ex vivo dialysis experiments in the presence of a dialysis fluid containing or not containing a NO donor.

Results
The platelet aggregation activity was significantly decreased at 30 min after the start of the experiment in the case where nitroprusside was added to the dialysis fluid (the NO (+) condition) as compared to the case where no nitroprusside was added to the dialysis fluid (the NO (−) condition), for both the PS and PMMA membranes. The suppression of the platelet reactivity in the NO (+) condition was sustained until the end of the experimental period (240 min). The platelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate level was also significantly increased in the NO (+) condition as compared to the NO (−) condition.

Conclusions
NO in the dialysis fluid appears to be capable of suppressing the increase of the platelet reactivity observed during dialysis.
Decisions on marriage? Couples’ decisions on union transition in Sweden
Authors: Duvander Ann-Zofie , Kridahl Linda 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMarriage is an institution that has become optional for many. This study investigates how decisions are taken regarding marriage among Swedish cohabiting couples in the twenty-first century, specifically focusing on whose intentions to marry are most decisive. We use the Young Adult Panel Study conducted in 2009 with augmented register data for 2009–2014 in order to observe both partners’ intentions and to then follow up on which couples ultimately married. The study finds that women’s and men’s intentions to marry seem to be equally important, but that there are gendered differences by educational level: women’s intentions carry more weight among highly educated couples, while men’s intentions carry more weight among lower educated couples.
The holistic way of tackling the COVID-19 pandemic: the one health approach
Authors: Mushi Vivian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing a global pandemic had a zoonotic origin in China. Considering the inter-connectedness between human, environment, and animal health, the One Health approach is the appropriate strategy to control and mitigate the effects of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This letter explains the benefits of the One Health approach and recommends specific measures that could be taken to accelerate the fight against COVID-19 and prevent the spread of newly emerging infectious diseases.
Eye spy a liar: assessing the utility of eye fixations and confidence judgments for detecting concealed recognition of faces, scenes and objects
Authors: Millen Ailsa E. , Hope Lorraine , Hillstrom Anne P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In criminal investigations, uncooperative witnesses might deny knowing a perpetrator, the location of a murder scene or knowledge of a weapon. We sought to identify markers of recognition in eye fixations and confidence judgments whilst participants told the truth and lied about recognising faces (Experiment 1) and scenes and objects (Experiment 2) that varied in familiarity. To detect recognition we calculated effect size differences in markers of recognition between familiar and unfamiliar items that varied in familiarity (personally familiar, newly learned).

Results
In Experiment 1, recognition of personally familiar faces was reliably detected across multiple fixation markers (e.g. fewer fixations, fewer interest areas viewed, fewer return fixations) during honest and concealed recognition. In Experiment 2, recognition of personally familiar non-face items (scenes and objects) was detected solely by fewer fixations during honest and concealed recognition; differences in other fixation measures were not consistent. In both experiments, fewer fixations exposed concealed recognition of newly learned faces, scenes and objects, but the same pattern was not observed during honest recognition. Confidence ratings were higher for recognition of personally familiar faces than for unfamiliar faces.

Conclusions
Robust memories of personally familiar faces were detected in patterns of fixations and confidence ratings, irrespective of task demands required to conceal recognition. Crucially, we demonstrate that newly learned faces should not be used as a proxy for real-world familiarity, and that conclusions should not be generalised across different types of familiarity or stimulus class.
Isokinetic evaluation of the trunk muscle strength in housewives with fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mülkoğlu Cevriye , Taşkın Sühan , Vural Seçil , Mansız Kaplan Başak , Selvi Ahmet Buğra , Genç Hakan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
It is known that physical activity and muscular performance are reduced in fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome. This study aims to compare the performance of trunk muscles in women with FM and healthy controls and evaluate the correlation between trunk muscle strength and FM severity.

Methods
Forty-six patients with FM and 42 age- and body mass index-matched healthy housewives without FM were included in the FM and control groups, respectively. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was used for the assessment of FM severity. The pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analogical scale (VAS). An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the isokinetic trunk muscle strength. The peak torque (PT) values were recorded. The psychological status of the patients was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in terms of age, BMI, and BDI scores in two groups (p > 0.05, for all). The isokinetic trunk extensor PT values were significantly lower in the FM group (p = 0.002 for 60°/s, and p < 0.001 for 90°/s and 120°/s) than control group. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between FIQ score and isokinetic extensor muscle parameters.

Conclusion
The results indicate that trunk extensor muscles were significantly weaker in FM patients. Trunk extensor muscle strength decreased as FM severity increased in FM patients.
Accuracy and clinical feasibility of 3D-myocardial thickness map measured by cardiac computed tomogram
Authors: Kwon Oh-Seok , Lee Jisu , Lim Sehwan , Park Je-Wook , Han Hee-Jin , Yang So-Hyun , Hwang Inseok , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae-Hoon , Uhm Jae-Sun , Joung Boyoung , Lee Moon-Hyoung , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough myocardial thickness is an important variable for therapeutic catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias, quantification of wall thickness has been overlooked. We developed a software (AMBER) that measures 3D-myocardial thickness using a cardiac computed tomogram (CT) image, verified its accuracy, and tested its clinical feasibility.MethodsWe generated 3D-thickness maps by calculating wall thickness (WT) from the CT images of 120 patients’ hearts and a 3D-phantom model (PhM). The initial vector field of the Laplace equation was oriented to calculate WT with the field lines derived from the 3D mesh. We demonstrate the robustness of the Laplace WT algorithm by comparing with the real thickness of 3D-PhM, echocardiographically measured left ventricular (LV) WT, and regional left atrial (LA) WT reported from previous studies. We conducted a pilot case of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) utilizing real-time LAWT map-guided radiofrequency (RF) energy titration.ResultsAMBER 3D-WT had excellent correlations with the real thickness of the PhM (R = 0.968,p < 0.001) and echocardiographically measured LVWT in 10 patients (R = 0.656,p = 0.007). AMBER 3D-LAWT (n = 120) showed a relatively good match with 12 previously reported regional LAWT. We successfully conducted pilot AF ablation utilizing AMBER 3D-LAWT map-guided real-time RF energy titration.ConclusionWe developed and verified an AMBER 3D-cardiac thickness map measured by cardiac CT images for LAWT and LVWT, and tested its feasibility for RF energy titration during clinical catheter ablation.
An open-source phase correction toolkit for transcranial focused ultrasound
Authors: Jin Changzhu , Moore David , Snell John , Paeng Dong-Guk 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The phase correction on transcranial focused ultrasound is essential to regulate unwanted focal point shift caused by skull bone aberration. The aim of the current study was to design and investigate the feasibility of a ray-based phase correction toolkit for transcranial focused ultrasound.

Results
The peak pressure at focal area was improved by 140.5 ± 7.0% on target I and 134.8 ± 19.1% on target II using proposed phase correction toolkit, respectively. A total computation time of 402.1 ± 24.5 milliseconds was achieved for each sonication.

Conclusion
The designed ray-based phase correction software can be used as a lightweight toolkit to compensate aberrated phase within clinical environment.
Progress in exosome associated tumor markers and their detection methods
Authors: Shen Mengjiao , Di Kaili , He Hongzhang , Xia Yanyan , Xie Hui , Huang Rongrong , Liu Chang , Yang Mo , Zheng Siyang , He Nongyue , Li Zhiyang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExosomes are secreted by cells and are widely present in body fluids. Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cells of origin such as proteins, mRNA, miRNAs, DNA, lipid and glycans which are very similar as the content in tumor cells. These contents play an important role in various stages of tumor development, and make the tumor-derived exosome as a hot and emerging biomarker for various cancers diagnosis and management in non-invasive manner. The present problems of exosome isolation and detection hinder the application of exosomes. With the development of exosome isolation and detection technology, the contents of exosomes can be exploited for early cancer diagnosis. This review summarizes the recent progress on exosome-associated tumor biomarkers and some new technologies for exosome isolation and detection. Furthermore, we have also discussed the future development direction in exosome analysis methods.
Inhibition of Alk signaling promotes the induction of human salivary-gland-derived organoids
Authors: Yoshimoto Shohei , Yoshizumi Junko , Anzai Hiromasa , Morishita Koichiro , Okamura Kazuhiko , Hiraki Akimitsu , Hashimoto Shuichi 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Hyposalivation and xerostomia are the cause of several morbidities, such as dental caries, painful mucositis, oral fungal infections, sialadenitis and dysphagia. For these reasons, preservation of normal saliva secretion is critical for the maintenance of functionally normal oral homeostasis and for keeping good health. Several strategies for restoring salivary gland function have been reported, from different points of view, based on the use of salivary-gland-derived epithelial stem/progenitor cells and tissue engineering approaches to induce organoids that mimic in vivo salivary glands. In this study, we clarified that inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase (Alk) signaling was essential for the induction of human salivary-gland-derived organoids, and demonstrated the usefulness of such organoids as an inflammatory disease model. In inflammatory conditions like sialadenitis, in general, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, also known as TNF) are upregulated, but their function is still unclear. In our established human salivary-gland-derived organoid culture system, we successfully induced organoid swelling by stimulation with carbachol, a non-selective cholinergic agonist, and forskolin, an activator of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Furthermore, we found that this organoid swelling was inhibited by TNF-α. From these results, we could clarify the inhibitory function of TNF-α on saliva secretion in vitro. Thus, our established human salivary-gland-derived organoids would be useful for in vitro analyses of the morphological and functional changes involved in salivary gland dysfunctions in several research fields, such as pathobiology, inflammation and regenerative medicine.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Incidental findings on computed tomography coronary angiography and its impact on respiratory services in a United Kingdom district general hospital
Authors: Gurung Bikash , Lesser Finnian D. , James Ellis , Nandakumar Kabali 
Published: August 2020

Background: Computed tomography coronary angiography is used to assess for coronary artery disease but can also pick up non-cardiac pathology. Previous studies have assessed the frequency of non-cardiac pathology. We investigated the non-cardiac findings and resulting follow up in a District General Hospital. Methods: All computed tomography coronary angiography scans for 1 year were retrospectively collected. Basic demographics and the non-cardiac findings were recorded from electronic health records. The significant respiratory findings and the respiratory follow up of these non-cardiac findings were recorded. Results: A total of 503 scans were carried out in one year. Of these scans, 24% had non cardiac findings present. Older patients were more likely to have non cardiac findings. The most common non cardiac findings were lung nodules, emphysema and hiatus hernias. Significant respiratory findings were present in 35 cases, which generated 24 episodes of respiratory follow up. Some patients who met criteria for follow up had not been referred. Conclusions: Non cardiac findings are common on computed tomography coronary angiography and in our hospital these findings led to significant follow up in respiratory services.
Persuading Customers to Buy Early: The Value of Personalized Information Provisioning
Authors: Drakopoulos Kimon , Jain Shobhit , Randhawa Ramandeep 
Published: August 2020

We study a pricing and information provisioning game between a better-informed seller (such as a retailer) and its customers. The seller is (ex post) better informed about product availability and can choose how to communicate this information to the customers. The customers are heterogeneous in their valuation for the product. The firm optimizes on publicly posted prices (which are the same for all customers) and its information provisioning (which can be personalized). Using a Bayesian persuasion framework, we find that public information provisioning, in which the firm sends the same information to all customers, has limited value. However, personalized information provisioning, in which the firm can share different information with different customers, has significant value and has attributes very similar to personalized pricing. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Strongly confined atomic localization by Rydberg coherent population trapping
Authors: Kirova Teodora , Jia Ning , Asadpour Seyyed Hossein , Qian Jing , Juzeliūnas Gediminas , Hamedi Hamid Reza 
Published: August 2020

We investigate the possibility to attain strongly confined atomic localization using interacting Rydberg atoms in a coherent population trapping ladder configuration, where a standing-wave is used as a coupling field in the second leg of the ladder. Depending on the degree of compensation for the Rydberg level energy shift induced by the van der Waals interaction, by the coupling field detuning, we distinguish between two antiblockade regimes, i.e., a partial antiblockade (PA) and a full antiblockade. While a periodic pattern of tightly localized regions can be achieved for both regimes, the PA allows much faster convergence of spatial confinement, yielding a high-resolution Rydberg state-selective superlocalization regime for higher-lying Rydberg levels. In comparison, for lower-lying Rydberg levels, the PA leads to an anomalous change of spectra linewidth, confirming the importance of using a stable uppermost state to achieve a superlocalization regime.
Spectral broadening in chirped-pulse optical parametric oscillators based on KTiOAsO4
Authors: Heng Jiaxing , Liu Pei , Zhang Zhaowei 
Published: August 2020

We report a chirped-pulse optical parametric oscillator (CPOPO) based on a

K
T
i
O
A
s
O

4

(KTA) crystal. Due to the relatively low ratio between its second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility, a single KTA crystal could provide parametric gain and intra-cavity spectral broadening simultaneously in a CPOPO. Numerical simulations show that a signal-bandwidth of 390 nm can be obtained from a KTA-based CPOPO, and the pulses can be de-chirped with a width of

∼

20

f
s

outside the OPO cavity. Experimentally, from a fiber-laser-pumped OPO with a 3-mm-long KTA crystal, we obtained a signal wave covering 1332–1667 nm, with a

−

20

d
B

bandwidth of 45.3 THz, around 12 times as much as the gain-bandwidth of the KTA crystal.
Making Kin from Gold: Dowry, Gender, and Indian Labor Migration to the Gulf
Authors: Wright Andrea 
Published: August 2020

Drawing on ethnographic research in the United Arab Emirates and India, this article explores relationships among Indian kinship, gender, and transnational migration through a focus on gold that migrant men buy for their sisters’ or daughters’ weddings. Gold, used as a key component of dowry, is often considered “traditional” in an Indian setting, but is actually shaped by liberalization, contemporary statecraft, and transnational migration. As migrants purchase gold for their sisters and daughters with money they earn in the Gulf, they express adult masculinity by being dutiful brothers and sons. This examination of Indian labor migration reveals how workers and their families understand migration as a way to build and maintain kinship ties, and how gold bought in the Gulf becomes a kinship substance that informs understandings of gender and family.

शोध-सार

संयुक्त अरब अमीरात और भारत में किये हुए मानव-जाति संबंधी शोध के बिना पर यह शोध-पत्र भारतीय रिश्तेदारी, लिंग, और अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रवास के संबंध का अध्ययन करता है, जिसका केंद्र वह सोना है जो प्रवासी पुरुष अपनी बहन-बेटियों के विवाह के लिए ख़रीदते हैं। सोना, जो कि दहेज का महत्वपूर्ण अंग है, अक्सर भारतीय समाज में एक “प्रथा” की तरह समझा जाता है। मगर इसका मतलब वास्तव में उदारीकरण, समकालीन शासनकाल, और अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रवास से प्रभावित है। प्रवासी अपनी बहन-बेटियों के लिए खाड़ी देशों से कमाए पैसों से जब सोना ख़रीदते हैं तो वे कर्तव्य पालन करके अपना पुरुषत्व दिखाते हैं। भारतीय प्रवासी श्रमिकों का यह अध्ययन इस बात को दर्शाता है कि कामगार और उनके परिवारवाले इसे रिश्तेदारी बनाने और निभाने का एक तरीक़ा समझते हैं, और इस तरह खाड़ी का सोना एक रिश्तेदारी की वस्तु बन जाता है जो लिंग और परिवार के मतलब पर रोशनी डालता है।

خلاصہ

متحدہ عرب امارات اور ہندوستان کی انسیانیاتی تحقیق پر مبنی یہ تحقیقی مقالہ رشتہ داری ، جنس، اور بین الاقوامی نقل مکانی کے تعلق کا مطالعہ کرتا ہے جس کا مرکز وہ سونا ہے جو مہاجر مرد اپنی بہن بیٹیوں کی شادی کے لئے خریدتے ہیں۔ سونا جو کہ جہیز کا اہم حصہ ہے، ا کثر ہندوستانی سماج میں ایک "رسم" کی طرح سمجھا جاتا ہے، لیکن اس کو در اصل لبرلائیز یشن ، ہم عصر دور حکومت، اور بین الاقوامی نقل مکانی کے ذریعہ شکل ملی ہے۔ مہاجر اپنی بہن بیٹیوں کے لئے خلیجی ممالک میں کمائے پیسوں سے جب سونا خریدتے ہیں تو وہ فرض ادا کر کے اپنی مردانگی دکھاتے ہیں۔ ہندوستانی مہاجر محنت کشوں پر یہ مطالعہ اس بات کو دکھاتا ہے کہ یہ مزدور اور ان کے خاندان اسے ایک طرح سے رشتہ داری بنانے ، اسے قائم رکھنے کا ایک طریقہ سمجھتے ہیں، اور اس طرح کا سونا رشتہ داری کا ایک سامان بن جاتا ہے، جو جنس اور خاندان کے مطلب پر روشنی ڈالتا ہے۔
Opportunities for integrated photonic neural networks
Authors: Stark Pascal , Horst Folkert , Dangel Roger , Weiss Jonas , Offrein Bert Jan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhotonics offers exciting opportunities for neuromorphic computing. This paper specifically reviews the prospects of integrated optical solutions for accelerating inference and training of artificial neural networks. Calculating the synaptic function, thereof, is computationally very expensive and does not scale well on state-of-the-art computing platforms. Analog signal processing, using linear and nonlinear properties of integrated optical devices, offers a path toward substantially improving performance and power efficiency of these artificial intelligence workloads. The ability of integrated photonics to operate at very high speeds opens opportunities for time-critical real-time applications, while chip-level integration paves the way to cost-effective manufacturing and assembly.