bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cobalt‐containing bioactive glass mimics vascular endothelial growth factor A and hypoxia inducible factor 1 function
Authors: de Laia Andréia Grossi Santos , Valverde Thalita Marcolan , Barrioni Breno Rocha , Cunha Pricila da Silva , de Goes Alfredo Miranda , de Miranda Marcelo Coutinho , Gomes Dawidson Assis , Queiroz‐Junior Celso Martins , de Sá Marcos Augusto , de Magalhães Pereira Marivalda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBioactive glasses (BGs) have shown great potential for tissue regeneration and their composition flexibility allows the incorporation of different ions with physiological activities and therapeutic properties in the glass network. Among the many ions that could be incorporated, cobalt (Co) is a significant one, as it mimics hypoxia, triggering the formation of new blood vessels by the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), due to the stabilizing effect on the hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A), an activator of angiogenesis‐related genes, and is therefore of great interest for tissue engineering applications. However, despite its promising properties, the effects of glasses incorporated with Co on angiogenesis, through human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) studies, need to be further investigated. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and angiogenic potential of a new sol–gel BG, derived from the SiO2–CaO–P2O5–CoO system. The structural evaluation showed the predominance of an amorphous glass structure, and the homogeneous presence of cobalt in the samples was confirmed. in vitro experiments showed that Co‐containing glasses did not affect the viability of HUVECs, stimulated the formation of tubes and the gene expression of HIF1A and VEGFA. in vivo experiments showed that Co‐containing glasses stimulated VEGFA and HIF1A expression in blood vessels and cell nuclei, respectively, in the deep dermis layer of the dorsal region of rats, featuring considerable local stimulation of the angiogenesis process due to Co‐release. Co‐containing glasses showed therapeutic effect, and Co incorporation is a promising strategy for obtaining materials with superior angiogenesis properties for tissue engineering applications.
Pure and cerium‐doped zinc oxides: Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation
Authors: Ha Luu Thi Viet , Dai Luu Minh , Lim Duong Thi , Nhiem Dao Ngoc , Pham Ngo Nghia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPristine and cerium‐doped zinc oxides with a different dopant concentration between 1 and 5% were fabricated using the hydrothermal method. Prepared materials show direct bandgaps of comparable values. Cerium‐doped materials show UV‐Vis spectra with broad tails toward the visible light range. Pure zinc oxide displays the flower‐like form, while cerium‐doped materials possess rod‐shaped morphologies. The materials were tested for the degradation performance of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. To elucidate the difference in their performance, further measurements and experiments were conducted. Overall, 3%‐cerium doped zinc oxide shows the greatest photocatalytic performance. This is possibly attributed to its rod shape with good uniformity and to the enrichment of oxygen vacancies in its surface layers. Finally, trapping experiments reveal that positive holes and hydroxyl radicals were the predominant active species during the photocatalytic degradation process.
CD33‐Targeted Therapies: Beating the Disease or Beaten to Death?
Authors: Maakaron Joseph E. , Rogosheske John , Long Meixiao , Bachanova Veronika , Mims Alice S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCD33 is a transmembrane protein that is found on cells of myeloid lineage. It is also intensely expressed on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progenitor cells but not on normal stem cells. It internalizes on binding and dimerization, making it a specific and ideal target for AML therapeutics and drug delivery. Several targeted therapies have been tested and many are still currently in development. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin was the first and only CD33‐directed antibody‐drug conjugate to be US Food and Drug Administration approved for AML. Other targeted agents have not achieved such success. Promising new strategies include cellular therapy mechanisms and linker molecules. This is an exciting target that requires a considerable amount of precision to yield clinical benefit.
Organic phosphorus affects the retention of arsenite and arsenate by goethite
Authors: Balint R. , Celi L. , Barberis E. , Prati M. , Martin M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe hazardous effects of arsenic are closely linked to its speciation and interaction with different soil minerals, which influence both As mobility and bioavailability. Adsorption onto iron (oxyhydr)oxides is one of the main processes controlling the partitioning of arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] between aqueous and solid phases. Arsenic retention can be affected by changes in soil pH and the presence of competing anions, like phosphate. Although competition with inorganic phosphorus (P) for sorption sites on mineral surfaces has been widely studied, little is known about the interactions with organic P (Po) compounds, in particular inositol phosphates, even though they may represent a large fraction of total soil P. We quantified the effects of myo‐inositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) on the adsorption and retention of As(III) and As(V) on goethite as influenced by pH, the order of anion addition, and residence time. The efficiency of InsP6 in displacing adsorbed As(III) decreased with increasing pH values and interaction time, which may be attributed to the increase in bonding strength of the As(III) complexes on the surface of goethite. Adsorption and retention of As(V) by goethite generally decreased with increasing pH, particularly in the presence of InsP6 due to the similar pKa values and the competition for the same binding sites. The addition of InsP6 before, together with, or after adsorption of As(III) and As(V) strongly reduced the amounts of sorbed As, suggesting that the addition of Po–rich matrices to As‐contaminated soils may strongly enhance As mobility.
Bleeding outcomes in thrombocytopenic acute leukemic patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Wilson Nathaniel R. , Khan Maliha , Cox Travis M. , Nassif Mohammed , Qiao Wei , Garg Naveen , Aung Fleur M. , Oo Thein Hlaing , Rojas‐Hernandez Cristhiam M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer‐associated thrombosis in acute leukemia patients with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets ≤50 × 109/L) poses a management challenge due to competing risks of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the occurrence of clinically relevant bleeding (CRB) rates during treatment for acute venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in thrombocytopenic acute leukemic patients. A cohort of 74 patients were subgrouped into three VTE‐treatment interventions: anticoagulation (n = 24), inferior vena cava filter placement (n = 22), and observation (n = 28). Multivariate analysis found a significant correlation between CRB occurrence and quantity of overall blood transfusions, chemotherapy administration, and relapsed leukemia presentation. There was no difference in the occurrence of CRB between VTE‐treatment subgroups, regardless of initial platelet count at the time of VTE diagnosis. Regarding the hematologic parameters, only the velocity of the platelet count recovery was associated with the risk of bleeding. From this analysis, it appears the trajectory of the platelet count and the factors associated with a slower recovery of it, are the main determinants for the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications during VTE treatment in acute leukemia.
A novel eco‐friendly on‐water protocol for the synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐perimidines
Authors: Harry Nissy Ann , Shilpa Thomas , Ujwaldev Sankuviruthiyil M. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAn efficient green on‐water protocol for the synthesis of 2,2‐disubstituted 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐perimidines is demonstrated. The reaction used safer p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst on water at 80°C, for 2 hours affording a novel method for the synthesis of various disubstituted perimidines in moderate to excellent yields.
Spatiotemporal characteristics and estimates of extreme precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin using GLDAS data
Authors: Chen Zeqiang , Zeng Yi , Shen Gaoyun , Xiao Changjiang , Xu Lei , Chen Nengcheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Yangtze River Basin has periodically been subject to torrential rains and floods. It is of great significance to characterize the extreme precipitation patterns to learn about frequent flood characteristics in the Yangtze River Basin. Commonly, spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation was studied by regional frequency analysis method with site data. Spatial sparse site data may cause imprecise divisions of homogeneous regions. In this paper, the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation was studied by regional frequency analysis with corrected satellite‐based grid precipitation data (Global Land Data Assimilation System, GLDAS) rather than site data. The results show that: (1) The corrected GLDAS daily precipitation data had greatly improved its ability to capture extreme precipitation events in Yangtze River Basin, as the data average accuracy increased from 0.215 before correction to 0.849 after correction. It is feasible to use satellite‐based grid precipitation data to replace the site data for the regional frequency analysis of extreme precipitation. (2) The Yangtze River Basin was categorized into seven homogeneous regions for the annual maximum 1‐day (RX1DAY) index with an automatic subjective adjustment method. (3) The regional growth curves and quantiles of the Yangtze River Basin were drawn for the return period for 2–100 years. (4) Spatial patterns of extreme daily precipitation series with a return period of 100 years indicated that the precipitation amount increases gradually from the upper to the lower Yangtze River Basin, from the “arid zone” to the “wet zone” and then to the “special wet zone”, and the 100‐year return level of RX1DAY varied from 30.3 to 301.8 mm. There were three main precipitation centres, the Sichuan Basin, Dongting Lake Basin, and a great triangle area covering the Poyang Lake Basin and the south foot of Dabie Mountain.
Changing spatio‐temporal trends of heat wave and severe heat wave events over India: An emerging health hazard
Authors: Singh Saumya , Mall R K , Singh Nidhi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeat wave (HW) and severe heat wave (SHW) events are the manifestations of extreme temperature causing an array of impacts on health, ecosystem, and economy. Since the mid‐20th century, an increasing trend in the characteristics of heat waves has been observed over India causing an increased rate in human mortality. Our study aimed to analyse monthly, seasonal, and decadal variations along with long‐term trends of HW and SHW events for pre‐monsoon (March–May) and early summer monsoon (June–July) season during 1951–2016. HW and SHW events were identified using revised criteria given by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) using daily gridded maximum temperature data at 0.5° × 0.5° resolution from IMD. The study found a Spatio‐temporal shift in the occurrence of HW events with a significantly increasing trend in three prominent heat wave prone regions that is northwestern, central, and south‐central India, the highest being in West Madhya Pradesh (0.80 events/year), while a significantly decreasing trend was observed over an eastern region that is Gangetic West Bengal (−0.13events/year). SHW events showed a southward expansion and a spatial surge during the decades of 2001–2010 and 2010–2016. Tri‐decadal comparative assessment shows a decadal increase of around 12 HW and 5 SHW events post the 1980s. State‐wise Pearson's correlation between HW/SHW events and observed mortality reveals that the eastern coastal states that are Odisha and Andhra Pradesh show a significant positive correlation of 0.62 and 0.73, respectively. This significantly increasing trend in HW and SHW events may pose a grave risk to human health, predominantly on the vulnerable sections of the society. Heat waves need to be recognized as a potential health risk and demand further study, robust preparedness, and policy intervention.
Detectability of the trend in precipitation characteristics over China from 1961 to 2017
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe detection and attribution of precipitation changes are fundamental for adaptation and mitigation planning. Based on high‐quality observations, we determined the detectability of the trends of multiple precipitation characteristics across China using a field significance test. Furthermore, the timing at which spatially aggregated changes become significant and do not reflect random internal variability was also estimated. The results show that the significant increases in the annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and simple precipitation intensity (SDII) and significant decreases in the wet days (WD) are detectable from 1961 to 2017. Namely, the percentage of stations showing significant trends exceeds that expected by chance. The time of the trend emergence from the mimicked range of internal variability is around 2000 for SDII and WD, while the PRCPTOT trend can only be significantly detected for recent years. The analysis on precipitation of various intensity levels unearths that the significant increases in the amount and frequency of extreme heavy precipitation emerged around 2014, while a significant decreasing trend in light precipitation might be detected as early as 2000. Global warming is expected to affect the detection of precipitation trends because the timing at which global warming signal in trend of precipitation emerges is consistent with the time at which the trends become significant. In general, significant changes in the PRCPTOT, SDII and WD occur more frequently in winter than in summer.Key findings
An overall increasing trend signal in annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT) and simple precipitation intensity (SDII) and a decreasing trend signal in wet days (WD) have been already detectable during 1961 to 2017. The trend signal for WD and SDII is detected earlier than that for PRCPTOT.
For the four precipitation categories based on percentiles, a significant increasing trend in extreme heavy precipitation was detected recently (close to the year 2014). The detectability of the significant decreasing trend in the light precipitation is the most robust and the overall trend become significant close to the year 2000.
The anthropogenic warming may play a dominant role in the detectability of significant trend in precipitation characteristics, because the time at which global warming signal in trend of precipitation characteristics emerges is almost the same as the time at which the trend became significant.
Silicon supplementation improves the nutritional and sensory characteristics of lentil seeds obtained from drought‐stressed plants
Authors: Biju Sajitha , Fuentes Sigfredo , Gonzalez Viejo Claudia , Torrico Damir D , Inayat Sumayya , Gupta Dorin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLentil is an important nutritionally rich pulse crop in the world. Despite having a prominent role in human health and nutrition, it is very unfortunate that global lentil production is adversely limited by drought stress, causing a huge decline in yield and productivity. Drought stress can also affect the nutritional profile of seeds. Silicon (Si) is an essential element for plants and a general component of the human diet found mainly in plant‐based foods. This study investigated the effects of Si on nutritional and sensory properties of seeds obtained from lentil plants grown in an Si‐supplied drought‐stressed environment.RESULTSSignificant enhancements in the concentration of nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, Si) and antioxidants (ascorbate, phenol, flavonoids, total antioxidants) were found in seeds. Significant reductions in antinutrients (trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, tannin) were also recorded. A novel sensory analysis was implemented in this study to evaluate the unconscious and conscious responses of consumers. Biometrics were integrated with a traditional sensory questionnaire to gather consumers responses. Significant positive correlations (R= 0.6–1) were observed between sensory responses and nutritional properties of seeds. Seeds from Si‐treated drought‐stressed plants showed higher acceptability scores among consumers.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that Si supplementation can improve the nutritional and sensory properties of seeds. This study offers an innovative approach in sensory analysis coupled with biometrics to accurately assess a consumer's preference towards tested samples. In the future, the results of this study will help in making a predictive model for sensory traits and nutritional components in seeds using machine‐learning modelling techniques. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Isolation of six anthraquinone diglucosides from cascara sagrada bark by high‐performance countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Rho Taewoong , Kil Hyn Woo , Seo Young Ju , Shin Kye Jung , Wang Daijie , Yoon Kee Dong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, high‐performance countercurrent chromatography was employed to isolate six anthraquinone diglucosides, namely, cascarosides A–F, from cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana DC [Rhamnaceae]) bark. The n‐butanol–soluble extract of cascara sagrada was separated by off‐line two‐dimensional high‐performance countercurrent chromatography. The first‐dimensional high‐performance countercurrent chromatography resolved the n‐butanol‐soluble extract (510 mg) of cascara sagrada using the flow‐rate gradient method with a chloroform–methanol–isopropanol–water (6:6:1:4, v/v/v/v, normal‐phase mode) system to afford four anthraquinone diglucoside fractions (groups I [cascarosides C–D, 71 mg], II [cascarosides E–F, 56 mg], III [cascaroside A, 53 mg], and IV [cascaroside B, 31 mg]). Groups I and II were separated by the second‐dimensional high‐performance countercurrent chromatography using an ethyl acetate–n‐butanol–water (7:3:10, v/v/v, normal‐phase mode) system to yield cascarosides C (34 mg), D (26 mg), E (19 mg), and F (15 mg). Additionally, one‐step preparative‐scale high‐performance countercurrent chromatography method was developed to isolate large amounts of cascarosides A (389 mg) and B (187 mg) from the water‐soluble extract (2.1 g) of cascara sagrada using an ethyl acetate–n‐butanol–water (2:8:10, v/v/v, normal‐phase mode) system. The current study demonstrated that high‐performance countercurrent chromatography is a powerful technique for the isolation of marker compounds from herbal materials.
Tracheal A‐Frame Deformities Following Airway Reconstruction
Authors: Kennedy Aimee A. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Tabangin Meredith E. , Rutter Michael J. , Myer Charles M. , Smith Matthew M. , Hart Catherine K. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesAirway reconstruction for subglottic and tracheal stenosis is often successful in achieving tracheostomy decannulation and improving airway symptoms. However, one common reason for late failure is development of a tracheal A‐frame deformity, which can necessitate additional surgery. Although knowledge of this deformity exists, the incidence and risk factors have not been reported. This study seeks to determine the incidence of A‐frame following airway reconstruction and define factors that correlate with development of this deformity.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsPatients under 21 years of age undergoing open airway reconstruction at our institution between January 2005–December 2006 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, comorbidities, airway history/reconstruction type, and follow‐up airway findings were examined using multivariable logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to examine time to A‐frame repair.ResultsTwo hundred patients underwent airway reconstruction and 69 (34.5%) developed an A‐frame deformity. History of tracheostomy was the most significant contributor to A‐frame development (P < .0001). Double‐ versus single‐stage procedures were not associated with increased odds of A‐frame development (P = .94), however, patients undergoing resection procedures as opposed to laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) with cartilage grafts had a significantly lower chance of developing this deformity (P = .004). Of the patients with an A‐frame, 27 (39%) required further surgical intervention.ConclusionApproximately one‐third of patients undergoing airway reconstruction developed a tracheal A‐frame deformity, with a significantly higher rate among patients with a history of tracheostomy and those undergoing LTR. Patients should be followed long term to assess for the development of an A‐frame.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 131:E1363–E1368, 2021
Clinical Analysis of Type II First Branchial Cleft Anomalies in Children
Authors: Liu Wei , Chen Min , Liu Bing , Zhang Jie , Ni Xin 
Published: September 2020

Objectives/HypothesisWe aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and introduce a new subclassification system for type II first branchial cleft anomalies (FBCAs) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.Study DesignRetrospective cases study.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of data from patients with type II FBCAs. MRI findings were used to categorize FBCAs into three subtypes. FBCAs located between the subcutaneous tissue and parotid were classified as type IIa. FBCAs located between the deep and superficial lobes of the parotid were classified as type IIb. FBCAs located between the parotid and the carotid sheath were classified as type IIc.ResultsPatients with type II FBCAs were classified as type IIa, IIb, and IIc in 14, 14, and seven cases, respectively. Type IIa lesions exhibited a close relationship with the facial nerve in 42.9% of cases. In these cases, the main trunk of the facial nerve adhered to the lesion and was located superficially to the FBCA. In all patients with type IIb lesions, the main trunk and marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve adhered to the lesion. The main trunk of the facial nerve adhered to the lesion in one patient with a type IIc. There was no relationship between the lesion and the facial nerve in the remaining type IIc cases.ConclusionsMRI can be used to identify the locations of FBCA and the parotid, which can aid surgeons in predicting the relationship between the lesion and the facial nerve. It is feasible to classify type II FBCAs into three subtypes based on MRI.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:916–920, 2021