bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole genome sequencing of 10K patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: design, methods and baseline patient characteristics
Authors: Cheng Si , Xu Zhe , Liu Yang , Lin Jinxi , Jiang Yong , Wang Yilong , Meng Xia , Wang Anxin , Huang Xinying , Wang Zhimin , Chen Guohua , Wu Songdi , Jia Zhengchang , Chen Yongming , Qiu Xuerong , Wu Jun , Song Binbin , Ji Weizhong , An Zhongping , Xue Wenjun , Zhao Lili , Geng Yu , Li Hongyan , Li Hao , Wang Yongjun 
Published: December 2020

Background and purposeStroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability in China, but its underlying risk genes and pathways are far from being comprehensively understood. We here describe the design and methods of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for 10 914 patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III).MethodsBaseline clinical characteristics of the included patients in this study were reported. DNA was extracted from white blood cells of participants. Libraries are constructed using qualified DNA, and WGS is conducted on BGISEQ-500 platform. The average depth is intended to be greater than 30× for each subject. Afterwards, Sentieon software is applied to process the sequencing data under the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practice guidance to call genotypes of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertion-deletions. For each included subject, 21 fingerprint SNVs are genotyped by MassARRAY assays to verify that DNA sample and sequencing data originate from the same individual. The copy number variations and structural variations are also called for each patient. All of the genetic variants are annotated and predicted by bioinformatics software or by reviewing public databases.ResultsThe average age of the included 10 914 patients was 62.2±11.3 years, and 31.4% patients were women. Most of the baseline clinical characteristics of the 10 914 and the excluded patients were balanced.ConclusionsThe WGS data together with abundant clinical and imaging data of CNSR-III could provide opportunity to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and discover novel therapeutic targets for stroke.
Exercise as a substitute for traditional airway clearance in cystic fibrosis: a systematic review
Authors: Ward Nathan , Morrow Scott , Stiller Kathy , Holland Anne E 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundExercise and traditional airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are both routinely recommended for people with cystic fibrosis (CF), with some people using exercise as a substitute for traditional ACTs. The effectiveness of this is unclear. We systematically reviewed the evidence for using exercise as a substitute for traditional ACTs in people with CF.MethodsA systematic database and literature search were undertaken of studies comparing exercise to rest or traditional ACTs. Primary outcomes were respiratory function, respiratory exacerbations and health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes included mucociliary clearance (MCC), sputum weight and ease of expectoration. Data are mean difference (95% CI).ResultsA total of 12 studies (15 reports) were included, all of short duration (single session to 2 weeks). In crossover trials, exercise did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second in comparison to rest, but peak expiratory flow was increased during treadmill exercise (mean difference (MD) range 1.00–1.16 L/s) and cycle ergometry (1.19 (0.96 to 1.42) L/s). Treadmill exercise improved MCC (2.6 (1.6 to 3.6)%) and ease of expectoration (MD range 1.3–1.8 cm) compared with rest. No consistent differences in respiratory function were evident when exercise was compared with traditional ACTs (four crossover studies). There was no significant difference in MCC or sputum weight in studies where forced expirations were included in the exercise intervention.ConclusionsExercise improves ease of expectoration and sputum clearance compared with rest. Exercise, incorporating forced expirations, may have similar effects to traditional ACTs over the short term. There are no data comparing exercise to traditional ACTs over the longer term.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018102780.
Public support for cigarette price increase in Indonesia
Authors: Nurhasana Renny , Ratih Suci Puspita , Dartanto Teguh , Moeis Faizal Rahmanto , Hartono Risky Kusuma , Satrya Aryana , Thabrany Hasbullah 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe current tobacco control policies in Indonesia are known to be ineffective in reducing tobacco consumption. Therefore, increasing cigarette prices is one of the effective instruments that should be supported by governments and society. This study aims to assess public support for cigarette price increases as well as to generate scientific evidence for the government and policymakers.MethodThis cross-sectional survey obtained data through telephone interviews with 1000 respondents aged ≥18 years old in Indonesia. The interviews started from 1 May 2018 to 31 May 2018.ResultRespondents were varied in terms of age, gender, level of education, income, occupation, area of living and smoking status. This study found that 87.9% of the respondents including 80% of smokers support cigarette price increase to prevent children from buying cigarettes. Approximately 74.0% of smokers said they would stop smoking if cigarette prices were Rp70 000 (US$5) per package. The multivariate analysis revealed that age, income, money spent on cigarettes per day and the perception of current cigarette prices are the factors influencing support for higher cigarette prices.ConclusionThe increase in cigarette prices is supported by society at large, including active smokers. The government must consistently adjust cigarette prices through an excise taxing and cigarette retail price mechanism. Governments, academicians, non-governmental organisations and tobacco control activists should generate a unified understanding that increasing cigarette prices will improve overall life quality.
Phenotypic Mapping of Pathologic Cross-Talk between Glioblastoma and Innate Immune Cells by Synthetic Genetic Tracing
Authors: Schmitt Matthias Jürgen , Company Carlos , Dramaretska Yuliia , Barozzi Iros , Göhrig Andreas , Kertalli Sonia , Großmann Melanie , Naumann Heike , Sanchez-Bailon Maria Pilar , Hulsman Danielle , Glass Rainer , Squatrito Massimo , Serresi Michela , Gargiulo Gaetano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Glioblastoma is a lethal brain tumor that exhibits heterogeneity and resistance to therapy. Our understanding of tumor homeostasis is limited by a lack of genetic tools to selectively identify tumor states and fate transitions. Here, we use glioblastoma subtype signatures to construct synthetic genetic tracing cassettes and investigate tumor heterogeneity at cellular and molecular levels, in vitro and in vivo. Through synthetic locus control regions, we demonstrate that proneural glioblastoma is a hardwired identity, whereas mesenchymal glioblastoma is an adaptive and metastable cell state driven by proinflammatory and differentiation cues and DNA damage, but not hypoxia. Importantly, we discovered that innate immune cells divert glioblastoma cells to a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition that confers therapeutic resistance. Our synthetic genetic tracing methodology is simple, scalable, and widely applicable to study homeostasis in development and diseases. In glioblastoma, the method causally links distinct (micro)environmental, genetic, and pharmacologic perturbations and mesenchymal commitment.

Significance:
Glioblastoma is heterogeneous and incurable. Here, we designed synthetic reporters to reflect the transcriptional output of tumor cell states and signaling pathways' activity. This method is generally applicable to study homeostasis in normal tissues and diseases. In glioblastoma, synthetic genetic tracing causally connects cellular and molecular heterogeneity to therapeutic responses.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 521
Trinta anos percorrendo a Casa: histórias de um leitor de Lúcio Cardoso
Authors: Bueno Luís 
Published: December 2020

Este artigo narra a experiência pessoal de um leitor de Lúcio Cardoso que se tornaria profissional da área de Letras, procurando mostrar (ou testemunhar) as profundas diferenças que há entre a recepção de sua obra na década de 1980 e hoje. Procura também fazer uma rápida leitura de conjunto dessa obra na qual seu mais conhecido romance – Crônica da casa assassinada – é visto não como exceção, mas como elemento integrado às demais experiências do escritor.
Evidently Married: Changing Ambiguities in Creating Family Ties in Morocco
Authors: Fioole Annerienke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
What does it take for a couple to stand out as married to others? In Morocco, an ideal scenario to marry today involves families celebrating three stages: an engagement, a legal contract, and a wedding. Yet, as I will show, couples may also turn out to be married without such ceremonies. Other elements can make for evident marriages. Still, legal recognition has, over the past decades, become increasingly essential within people’s own creations of conjugal bonds. Moreover, family and penal code revisions, together with the civil registry’s expansion, have profoundly changed proceedings and possibilities to legally marry. These processes defy simple binaries of legal versus licit domains. Legal and licit understandings of marriage interlace both in people’s own evaluations and in state officials’ approaches. However, as I will argue, increased emphasis on legal registration also heightens state control over family ties and reduces people’s opportunities to leave marital definitions open-ended as this suits them over time.
Battling Marriage Laws: Early Marriage and Online Youth Piety in Indonesia
Authors: Nisa Eva F. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Indonesia has long faced issues relating to child marriages. This article will focus on the approaches taken by diverse parties to the issue of early marriage, including the government, civil society organisations, and young Indonesians themselves. Indonesia has witnessed the growth of online campaigns spearheaded by conservative Muslim youth promoting early marriage to prevent zina (adultery and fornication). Previously, the practice of early and child marriage was closely interconnected to rural areas, poverty, patriarchal norms, family honour, and low-level access to education. Today, early marriage does not exclusively relate to low socio-economic populations in rural areas; instead, emerging trends demonstrate that middle-class youth in urban areas professing to return to the true path of their religion are also turning to early marriage. These tech-savvy generations are aligning honour with piety in order to justify the decision to marry young, impacting on the ongoing battle against early marriage in the country.
Undoing Patrilineality: New Maternal Families and the Politics of Naming in Turkey
Authors: Ünal R. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the topical life stories of fifteen single mothers from Turkey, this article traces the act of naming as a practice of social and legal boundary making and as a means of undoing patrilineality and to seek acknowledgement for a new maternal family. Analyzing the politics of naming in the stories of these single mothers, this contribution first discusses the stigmatizing aspects of conventional patrilineal and marital family naming in Turkey. It traces changes in the registration of family names, how single mothers decide on the registration of the father’s first name, and their concerns and strategies during these legal, bureaucratic procedures. Whereas family law reform has given more rights to single biological and adoptive mothers, they still remain affected by the emotional aspects of a stigmatized practice. Strategically planning their future and that of their children, one solution is to use naming to merge their maternal families with their own paternal families.
A Preliminary Study of the History of Sephardic Theatre in Italy
Authors: Briata Ilaria 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article presents the results of a preliminary inquiry into the theatrical activity of Sephardic Jews in Italy from 1492 to the 18th century. Through archival investigation conducted on catalogues of manuscripts and published books from Italian libraries, as well as on documents produced by Sephardic communities, the study focuses on three case studies: the communities in Venice, Naples, and Tuscany. Concerning the Venetian community, literary witnesses to the dramatic activity in the Ghetto are collected and analyzed, including Ester by Salomon Usque and Leon Modena. Concerning the Neapolitan community, the reasons for the absence of Sephardic cultural traces are clarified. The only extant Judeo-Spanish plays produced in Italy come from Pisa and Livorno, testifying to the prolific activity of Iberian Jews in Tuscany. Finally, a list of Hebrew dramatic works written by Italian authors of Sephardic origin is provided in order to reflect on the very categories of ‘Sephardic’ and ‘Italian.’
Marginality and Liminality in Tara Sullivan’s Golden Boy
Authors: Silkiluwasha Mpale Yvonne Mwansasu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In Tara Sullivan’s Golden Boy, the protagonist Habo is a young adult with albinism who struggles and eventually succeeds in navigating his multiple marginal spaces before eventually finding his position in society. Employing Victor Turner’s concept of liminality, I adopt a postcolonial lens to scrutinize in greater depth than literary critics have so far revealed the positive aspects of the marginal space occupied by Habo in virtue of the layered complexity of his social geography. Because his whole society is located in the global South, this disabled young adult faces a variety of marginalisations. Rather than an end point, the multiple margins traversed by Habo become for him a liminal space. Margins serve as a threshold for this teenager to discover and establish his position in his society. I deviate from Rosemarie Garland-Thomson’s theorising about disability as a social construct, since her analysis overlooks the brute fact that Habo’s albinism is a disability which constitutes a constant life threat. The disambiguation of marginality and liminality argued here is particularly important to maintain when critiquing narratives that depict the life experience of protagonists overcoming the very real-world challenges encountered at the margins of the global economic order.
Strange Religion and the Need for Wittgensteinian Philosophy
Authors: Kroesbergen Hermen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wittgensteinian philosophy is needed to make sense of the strange practices in neo-Pentecostal religion that have been in the news in recent years. Other philosophical approaches have argued that spirits and miracles are fake, or real, or reasonable; but this misses the important question of what kind of reality is at stake here. The Wittgensteinian practice of providing hints and reminders clarifies the kind of reality that is implied in a particular context on a deeper level. By introducing this ethnographically informed philosophical approach, it can be shown that the kind of reality involved in this strange religion is that of a response to experiences of a world full of contingency, uncertainty, and chance.
Contact-Maintaining Metacommunicative Listener Questions in Modern English Dialogic Discourse
Authors: Grabovska Inna 
Published: December 2020

Contact-Maintaining Metacommunicative Listener Questions in Modern English Dialogic DiscourseThe paper focuses on revealing the mechanisms of maintaining spoken interaction by means of the metacommunicative listener questions in modern English dialogic discourse. The pragmatic and discursive properties of metacommunicative questions functioning at the contact-maintaining stage of the communicative act are singled out. The typology of contact-maintaining metacommunicative listener questions in modern English dialogic discourse is proposed. Contact-maintaining metacommunicative questions are viewed as a specifically oriented functional class of speech units bound by a common communicative purpose, i. e., they aim to control the communicative activity of the interlocutor, regulate the thematic and expressive components of the communicative situation, and to change the interpersonal relations of communication partners, thereby influencing the flow of interaction. Metakomunikatywne pytania odbiorcy wspierające podtrzymanie kontaktu we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie dialogowymArtykuł przedstawia mechanizm utrzymywania interakcji mówionej za pomocą metakomunikacyjnych pytań słuchacza we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie dialogicznym. Wyróżniono pragmatyczne i dyskursywne właściwości pytań metakomunikacyjnych funkcjonujących na etapie utrzymywania kontaktu aktu komunikacyjnego. Zaproponowano typologię metakomunikacyjnych pytań słuchacza, mających na celu utrzymywanie kontaktu we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie dialogowym. Metakomunikacyjne pytania, utrzymujące kontakt słuchacza są postrzegane jako szczególnie ukierunkowany rodzaj funkcji jednostek mowy związanych wspólnym celem komunikacyjnym, czyli mających na celu kontrolowanie aktywności komunikacyjnej rozmówcy, regulację tematycznych i ekspresyjnych elementów sytuacji komunikacyjnej, zmianę relacji interpersonalnych partnerów komunikacyjnych, a tym samym wpływanie na przebieg interakcji.
The Structural-Semantic Features of Computer Terms in English
Authors: Bogachyk Maryna , Bihunov Dmytro 
Published: December 2020

The Structural-Semantic Features of Computer Terms in EnglishThe article is devoted to the study of the structural and semantic characteristics of computer terms in English. The peculiarities of the word-formation process and the functioning of English computer terms are analysed. Strukturalne i semantyczne cechy terminów komputerowych w języku angielskimArtykuł poświęcony jest badaniu cech strukturalnych i semantycznych terminów komputerowych w języku angielskim. Przeanalizowano specyfikę procesu słowotwórstwa i funkcjonowania angielskich terminów komputerowych.
Non-Verbal Means of Communication in the Representation of the Emotional State of Joy in Modern English Fictional Discourse
Authors: Kyseliuk Natalia , Hubina Alla , Martyniuk Alla , Tryndiuk Valentyna 
Published: December 2020

Non-Verbal Means of Communication in the Representation of the Emotional State of Joy in Modern English Fictional DiscourseThis article concerns the study of the non-verbal means of communication designating the emotional state of joy which are present in fictional discourse. The functional peculiarities of non-verbal means designating the emotional state of joy are specified. It is proved that the register of non-verbal components indicating joy includes facial expressions, gestures, phonation, and the like. The subsystems of kinesic and phonatory non-verbal components are the dominant ones. Fictional discourse including representations of joy contains both verbal and non-verbal means of designating the emotional state, functioning either separately or in interaction. This interaction is based on the concept of emotional valence and is represented in repetition, contradiction, substitution, complementation, emphasis and regulation. In an utterance, non-verbal means can occur in the initial, medial, and final positions. The most common models of the occurrence of non-verbal components denoting joy in utterances are revealed. Niewerbalne środki komunikacji w przedstawieniu emocjonalnego stanu radości we współczesnym angielskim dyskursie fikcyjnymArtykuł dotyczy badań niewerbalnych środków komunikacji na oznaczenie emocjonalnego stanu radości, które są obecne w dyskursie nienaukowym. Określono osobliwości funkcjonalne środków niewerbalnych, oznaczających stan emocjonalny radości. Udowodniono, że rejestr niewerbalnych elementów wskazujących na radość obejmuje mimikę, gesty, fonację i tym podobne. Podsystemy kinestetyczne i fonatory są w pozycji dominującej. Dyskurs fikcyjny, w tym reprezentacje radości zawierają zarówno werbalne, jak i niewerbalne środki na określenie stanu emocjonalnego, funkcjonującego oddzielnie lub w interakcji. Ta interakcja opiera się na koncepcji wartościowości emocjonalnej i jest reprezentowana przez powtórzenie, zaprzeczenie, zastąpienie, uzupełnienie, uwydatnienie i regulację. W wypowiedzi niewerbalne środki mogą występować w pozycjach początkowych, środkowych i końcowych. Są ujawniane najbardziej powszechne modele występowania elementów niewerbalnych oznaczających radość w wypowiedziach.
Beta-Plane Arrested Topographic Wave as a Linkage of Open Ocean Forcing and Mean Shelf Circulation
Authors: Wu Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPressure anomaly set by the open ocean affects the dynamic topography and associated circulation over the continental shelf, which is explored here on a linearized β-plane arrested topographic wave framework that considers the variation in Coriolis parameter with latitude. It was found that on a meridional shelf, a nondimensional parameter Peβ, termed the β Péclet number, signifies the characteristics of open ocean–shelf interaction. The Peβ ≡ Dβ/α is determined by the ratio of long-wave-limit planetary to topographic Rossby wave speeds, i.e., the β drift Dβ, and the linear Ekman number α. On the western boundary shelf, due to the westward planetary Rossby wave, open ocean pressure propagates shoreward as Peβ > 1, and shelf circulation peaks where Peβ drops to 1. At this location, the planetary β effect is balanced by the bottom friction. The Peβ = 1 must occur either on the shelf or on the coastal wall when Peβ > 1 is observed at the shelf edge. On the eastern boundary shelf, however, Peβ < 0, the pressure anomaly is removed from the shelf, and hence the inductive circulation decays rapidly from the shelf edge. This β effect is robust on gently sloping meridional shelves. For zonal shelves, the planetary β increases the effective bottom slope on the northern boundary shelf but decreases it on the southern one, in a sense of potential vorticity conservation. However, this effect could be less significant in reality, given the complex dynamics involved. The above mechanism can explain the dynamics driving the Taiwan Warm Current in the East China Sea and its bifurcation around 28°N.
Structural transformation of kaolin as an active matrix for the in situ synthesis of zeolite Y
Authors: Padilla Jessyka , Guzman Alexander , Molina Daniel , Poveda-Jaramillo Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo produce an optimized matrix for the in situ crystallization of zeolite Y, a commercial kaolin chemically treated with NaOH solution at 97°C for 24 h and thermally transformed from 750 to 1100°C was studied. The kaolin calcined at 750°C has 20% more reactive tetrahedral aluminium species for the synthesis of zeolite Y than kaolin calcined at 865°C. The kaolin calcined at 1000°C has amorphous silica zones that may be extracted using caustic solution; this increases the surface area by a factor of 16 and generates mesopores ~5 nm in diameter. These structural changes in the calcined and treated kaolins were combined to prepare microspheres of the mesoporous matrix, upon which well-dispersed crystals of zeolite Y crystallized.