bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurotensin pathway in digestive cancers and clinical applications: an overview
Authors: Christou Niki , Blondy Sabrina , David Valentin , Verdier Mireille , Lalloué Fabrice , Jauberteau Marie-Odile , Mathonnet Muriel , Perraud Aurélie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInitially, NEUROTENSIN (NTS) has been shown to play physiological and biological functions as a neuro-transmitter/modulator in the central nervous system and as an endocrine factor in the periphery, through its binding to two kinds of receptors: NTSR1 and 2 (G protein-coupled receptors) and NTSR3/sortilin (a vacuolar protein-sorting 10-domain receptor). NTS also plays oncogenic roles in many types of cancer, including digestive cancers. In tumor tissues, NTS and NTSR1 expression is higher than in healthy ones and is associated with poor prognosis. NTS and NTRS1 promote cancer progression and play key functions in metastatic processes; they modulate several signaling pathways and they contribute to changes in the tumor microenvironment. Conversely, NTRS2 involvement in digestive cancers is poorly understood. Discovered for mediating NTS biological effects, sortilin recently emerged as a promising target as its expression was found to be increased in various types of cancers. Because it can be secreted, a soluble form of sortilin (sSortilin) appears as a new serum biomarker which, on the basis of recent studies, promises to be useful in both the diagnosis and tumor progression monitoring. More precisely, it appears that soluble sortilin can be associated with other receptors like TRKB. These associations occur in exosomes and trigger the aggressiveness of cancers like glioblastoma, leading to the concept of a possible composite theranostic biomarker. This review summarizes the oncogenic roles of the NTS signaling pathways in digestive cancers and discusses their emergence as promising early diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Ethanol abolishes vigilance-dependent astroglia network activation in mice by inhibiting norepinephrine release
Authors: Ye Liang , Orynbayev Murat , Zhu Xiangyu , Lim Eunice Y. , Dereddi Ram R. , Agarwal Amit , Bergles Dwight E. , Bhat Manzoor A. , Paukert Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNorepinephrine adjusts sensory processing in cortical networks and gates plasticity enabling adaptive behavior. The actions of norepinephrine are profoundly altered by recreational drugs like ethanol, but the consequences of these changes on distinct targets such as astrocytes, which exhibit norepinephrine-dependent Ca2+ elevations during vigilance, are not well understood. Using in vivo two-photon imaging, we show that locomotion-induced Ca2+ elevations in mouse astroglia are profoundly inhibited by ethanol, an effect that can be reversed by enhancing norepinephrine release. Vigilance-dependent astroglial activation is abolished by deletion of α1A-adrenergic receptor from astroglia, indicating that norepinephrine acts directly on these ubiquitous glial cells. Ethanol reduces vigilance-dependent Ca2+ transients in noradrenergic terminals, but has little effect on astroglial responsiveness to norepinephrine, suggesting that ethanol suppresses their activation by inhibiting norepinephrine release. Since abolition of astroglia Ca2+ activation does not affect motor coordination, global suppression of astroglial networks may contribute to the cognitive effects of alcohol intoxication.
Key activity descriptors of nickel-iron oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in the presence of alkali metal cations
Authors: Görlin Mikaela , Halldin Stenlid Joakim , Koroidov Sergey , Wang Hsin-Yi , Börner Mia , Shipilin Mikhail , Kalinko Aleksandr , Murzin Vadim , Safonova Olga V. , Nachtegaal Maarten , Uheida Abdusalam , Dutta Joydeep , Bauer Matthias , Nilsson Anders , Diaz-Morales Oscar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEfficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are pivotal for sustainable fuel production, where the Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide (OOH) is among the most active catalysts for alkaline OER. Electrolyte alkali metal cations have been shown to modify the activity and reaction intermediates, however, the exact mechanism is at question due to unexplained deviations from the cation size trend. Our X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical results show that bigger cations shift the Ni2+/(3+δ)+ redox peak and OER activity to lower potentials (however, with typical discrepancies), following the order CsOH > NaOH ≈ KOH > RbOH > LiOH. Here, we find that the OER activity follows the variations in electrolyte pH rather than a specific cation, which accounts for differences both in basicity of the alkali hydroxides and other contributing anomalies. Our density functional theory-derived reactivity descriptors confirm that cations impose negligible effect on the Lewis acidity of Ni, Fe, and O lattice sites, thus strengthening the conclusions of an indirect pH effect.
Building genomes to understand biology
Authors: Coradini Alessandro L. V. , Hull Cara B. , Ehrenreich Ian M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenetic manipulation is one of the central strategies that biologists use to investigate the molecular underpinnings of life and its diversity. Thus, advances in genetic manipulation usually lead to a deeper understanding of biological systems. During the last decade, the construction of chromosomes, known as synthetic genomics, has emerged as a novel approach to genetic manipulation. By facilitating complex modifications to chromosome content and structure, synthetic genomics opens new opportunities for studying biology through genetic manipulation. Here, we discuss different classes of genetic manipulation that are enabled by synthetic genomics, as well as biological problems they each can help solve.
In vivo biomolecular imaging of zebrafish embryos using confocal Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Høgset Håkon , Horgan Conor C. , Armstrong James P. K. , Bergholt Mads S. , Torraca Vincenzo , Chen Qu , Keane Timothy J. , Bugeon Laurence , Dallman Margaret J. , Mostowy Serge , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZebrafish embryos provide a unique opportunity to visualize complex biological processes, yet conventional imaging modalities are unable to access intricate biomolecular information without compromising the integrity of the embryos. Here, we report the use of confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging for the visualization and multivariate analysis of biomolecular information extracted from unlabeled zebrafish embryos. We outline broad applications of this method in: (i) visualizing the biomolecular distribution of whole embryos in three dimensions, (ii) resolving anatomical features at subcellular spatial resolution, (iii) biomolecular profiling and discrimination of wild type and ΔRD1 mutant Mycobacterium marinum strains in a zebrafish embryo model of tuberculosis and (iv) in vivo temporal monitoring of the wound response in living zebrafish embryos. Overall, this study demonstrates the application of confocal Raman spectroscopic imaging for the comparative bimolecular analysis of fully intact and living zebrafish embryos.
Nanoscale imaging of bacterial infections by sphingolipid expansion microscopy
Authors: Götz Ralph , Kunz Tobias C. , Fink Julian , Solger Franziska , Schlegel Jan , Seibel Jürgen , Kozjak-Pavlovic Vera , Rudel Thomas , Sauer Markus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) enables super-resolution imaging of proteins and nucleic acids on conventional microscopes. However, imaging of details of the organization of lipid bilayers by light microscopy remains challenging. We introduce an unnatural short-chain azide- and amino-modified sphingolipid ceramide, which upon incorporation into membranes can be labeled by click chemistry and linked into hydrogels, followed by 4× to 10× expansion. Confocal and structured illumination microscopy (SIM) enable imaging of sphingolipids and their interactions with proteins in the plasma membrane and membrane of intracellular organelles with a spatial resolution of 10–20 nm. As our functionalized sphingolipids accumulate efficiently in pathogens, we use sphingolipid ExM to investigate bacterial infections of human HeLa229 cells by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Simkania negevensis with a resolution so far only provided by electron microscopy. In particular, sphingolipid ExM allows us to visualize the inner and outer membrane of intracellular bacteria and determine their distance to 27.6 ± 7.7 nm.
The transcriptome of circulating sexually committed Plasmodium falciparum ring stage parasites forecasts malaria transmission potential
Authors: Prajapati Surendra K. , Ayanful-Torgby Ruth , Pava Zuleima , Barbeau Michelle C. , Acquah Festus K. , Cudjoe Elizabeth , Kakaney Courage , Amponsah Jones A. , Obboh Evans , Ahmed Anwar E. , Abuaku Benjamin K. , McCarthy James S. , Amoah Linda E. , Williamson Kim C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMalaria is spread by the transmission of sexual stage parasites, called gametocytes. However, with Plasmodium falciparum, gametocytes can only be detected in peripheral blood when they are mature and transmissible to a mosquito, which complicates control efforts. Here, we identify the set of genes overexpressed in patient blood samples with high levels of gametocyte-committed ring stage parasites. Expression of all 18 genes is regulated by transcription factor AP2-G, which is required for gametocytogenesis. We select three genes, not expressed in mature gametocytes, to develop as biomarkers. All three biomarkers we validate in vitro using 6 different parasite lines and develop an algorithm that predicts gametocyte production in ex vivo samples and volunteer infection studies. The biomarkers are also sensitive enough to monitor gametocyte production in asymptomatic P. falciparum carriers allowing early detection and treatment of infectious reservoirs, as well as the in vivo analysis of factors that modulate sexual conversion.
A bacteriocin-based antimicrobial formulation to effectively disrupt the cell viability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms
Authors: Kranjec Christian , Ovchinnikov Kirill V. , Grønseth Torstein , Ebineshan Kumar , Srikantam Aparna , Diep Dzung B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntibiotic-resistant and biofilm-associated infections brought about by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains is a pressing issue both inside as well as outside nosocomial environments worldwide. Here, we show that a combination of two bacteriocins with distinct structural and functional characteristics, garvicin KS, and micrococcin P1, showed a synergetic antibacterial activity against biofilms produced in vitro by S. aureus, including several MRSA strains. In addition, this bacteriocin-based antimicrobial combination showed the ability to restore the sensitivity of the highly resilient MRSA strain ATCC 33591 to the β-lactam antibiotic penicillin G. By using a combination of bacterial cell metabolic assays, confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we show that the combination between garvicin KS, micrococcin P1, and penicillin G potently inhibit cell viability within S. aureus biofilms by causing severe cell damage. Together these data indicate that bacteriocins can be valuable therapeutic tools in the fight against biofilm-associated MRSA infections.
Present value of the Urethral mobility test as a tool to assess Stress urinary incontinence due to Intrinsic sphincteric deficiency
Authors: Robledo Daniela , Zuluaga Laura , Bravo-Balado Alejandra , Domínguez Cristina , Trujillo Carlos Gustavo , Caicedo Juan Ignacio , Rondón Martín , Azuero Julián , Plata Mauricio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractQ-tip test offers a simple approach for identifying urethral hypermobility. Considering surgical treatment, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) must be classified and the contribution of intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) and/or urethral hypermobility must be determine. We believe there's a correlation between abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) and urethral mobility degree, and the aim of this study is to explore it using Q-tip. We conducted a prospective study, between years 2014 and 2016. Females over 18 years presenting with signs and symptoms of SUI according to the 2002 ICS Standardization of Terminology were included. Assessment was made with the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF), the Q-tip test and invasive urodynamics. Urethral mobility (UM) and ALPP were analyzed. We built two composite variables based on reported risk factors for ISD, defined as composite variable A (equal to a Q-tip test < 30° AND ICIQ-SF ≥ 10 points) and composite variable B (equal to low urethral mobility AND/OR hypoestrogenism AND/OR history of radiotherapy AND/OR previous pelvic surgery). Correlation analyzes were made according to the type of variable. A total of 221 patients were included. Incontinence was rated as moderate and severe by 65.3% and 6.8%, respectively. The analysis showed a 61.75%, 51.61% and 70.6% agreement between ALPP and UM, ALPP and composite variable A and ALPP and composite variable B respectively. Correlation and concordances were low (r = 0.155, r_s = − 0.053 and r_s = − 0.008), (rho_c = 0.036, k = 0.116 and k = 0.016). Neither the degree of UM, nor the composite variables, correlate or agree with urethral function tests in UDS, suggesting that the ALPP cannot be predicted using the Q-tip test or the ICIQ-SF for classifying patients with SUI.
Competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic exchange drives shape-selective $$\hbox{Co}_3\hbox{O}_4$$ nanomagnetism
Authors: Shepit Michael , Paidi Vinod K. , Roberts Charles A. , van Lierop Johan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe have synthesized three different shapes of $$\hbox{Co}_{3}\hbox{O}_{4}$$

Co
3

O
4

nanoparticles to investigate the relationships between the surface Co$$^{2+}$$

2
+

and Co$$^{3+}$$

3
+

bonding quantified by exploiting the known exposed surface planes, terminations, and coordiations of $$\hbox{Co}_{3}\hbox{O}_{4}$$

Co
3

O
4

nanoparticle spheres, cubes and plates. Subsequently this information is related to the unusual behaviour observed in the magnetism. The competition of exchange interactions at the surface provides the mechanism for different behaviours in the shapes. The cubes display weakened antiferromagnetic interactions in the form of a spin-flop that occurs at the surface, while the plates show distinct ferromagnetic behaviour due to the strong competition between the interactions. We elucidate the spin properties which are highly sensitive to bonding and crystal field environments. This work provides a new window into the mechanisms behind surface magnetism.
An introduction to the themed issue on RNA biology in China
Authors: Wu Zhe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The year 2019 marked the fortieth anniversary of the Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CSBMB), whose mission is to promote biomolecular research and education in China. The last 40 years have witnessed tremendous growth and achievements in biomolecular research by Chinese scientists and Essays in Biochemistry is delighted to publish this themed issue that focuses on exciting areas within RNA biology, with each review contributed by key experts from China.
Photocatalytic Stoichiometric Oxidant-Free Synthesis of Linear Unsaturated Ketones from 1,2-Disubstituted Cyclopropanols
Authors: Hurski Alaksiej L. , Laktsevich-Iskryk Marharyta V. , Krech Anastasiya V. , Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Khripach Vladimir A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA one-step catalytic oxidant-free synthesis of unsaturated ketones from 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanols is reported. Previously for this transformation, only two- and three-step protocols have been developed. The reaction proceeds under irradiation with visible light in the presence of catalytic amounts of both an acridinium photocatalyst and a cobaloxime complex. 2-Aryl-substituted cyclopropanols react giving α,β-unsaturated ketones, while dehydrogenative ring opening of 2-alkyl-substituted substrates affords mixtures of α,β- and β,γ-enones. The reaction starts with one-electron oxidation of a cyclopropanol to cyclopropyloxy radical, presumably, by the photoexcited acridinium catalyst. We also found that Co(dmgBF2)2(MeCN)2 complex under an air atmosphere and irradiation with blue LEDs or upon heating can serve as a hydroxycyclopropane oxidant.
Dissecting Aneurysm of the Anterior Temporal Artery: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hou Kun , Guo Yunbao , Chen Hao , Yu Jinlu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDissecting aneurysm located at the trunk of the anterior temporal artery (ATA) is an extremely rare entity of which only a few cases have ever been reported. As a result of the small caliber and supposed non-competency of the ATA, sacrificing of the artery distal to the aneurysm is the mainstay of treatment. In this report, we present a 28-year-old man who was admitted for a ruptured fusiform aneurysm of the left ATA. He underwent resection of the aneurysm combined with superficial temporal artery (STA)-ATA anastomosis. Histopathological study showed that the aneurysm was compliant with an artery dissection. The postoperative process was unremarkable and he was discharged with no neurological deficit. Follow-up angiography showed the anastomosis was patent. ATA is considered a non-competent intracranial artery. Although recently some investigators have conducted cadaveric studies using the ATA as a donor vessel for intracranial-intracranial (IC-IC) bypass, clinical consequences of ATA occlusion have not been reported yet. The supposed safety of ligation of ATA for IC-IC bypass was based on the fact that the anterior temporal lobectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy does not lead to major neurological deficits. This extrapolation could not be arbitrarily used in ATA occlusion for IC-IC bypass. STA-ATA anastomosis is a reasonable option in case of the ATA dissecting aneurysm.
Gingival-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell from Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): Isolation, Culture, and Characterization
Authors: Nugraha Alexander Patera , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Narmada Ida Bagus , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Ihsan Igo Syaiful 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective This study aims to confirm whether the GDMSCs isolated from rabbit’s (Oryctolagus cuniculus) gingiva are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).Materials and Methods This study design was partly quasi-experimental with an observational design. GDMSCs were isolated from the gingiva of healthy male rabbits (O. cuniculus) (n = 2), 6 months old, and 3 to 5 kg of body weight. The specific cell surface markers of MSCs; clusters of differentiation (CD), namely, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD200 expressions; and hematopoietic stem cell surface markers CD34 and CD45 were examined using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry with immunofluorescence. The osteogenic differentiation of isolated GDMSCs was examined using alizarin red staining.Results GDMSCs in the fourth passage showed a spindle-like formation and fibroblast-like cells that attached to the base of the culture plate. GDMSCs were MSCs that positively expressed CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD200 but did not express CD34 and CD45 when examined using flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis. GDMSCs had osteogenic differentiation confirmed by calcified deposits in vitro with a red–violet and brownish color after alizarin red staining.Conclusion GDMSCs isolated from the rabbits (O. cuniculus) were confirmed as MSCs in vitro documented using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. GDMSCs can differentiate into osteogenic lineage in vitro that may be suitable for regenerative dentistry.
Swear words for sale
Authors: Beers Fägersten Kristy , Pereira Gerardine M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Swearing has traditionally been associated with spoken language; however, swear words are appearing more often in print
and, notably, explicitly featured in commercial products. In this paper, we consider this development an example of the commodification of
swear words, or ‘swear words for sale’. Our analyses of English-language swear word products show that the taboo nature of swear words is
exploited and capitalized upon for commercial gain. We argue that swear word commodities trade on sociolinguistically incongruous aspects of
swear word usage, increasing salability of the swear word products by targeting specific demographics. Specifically, we analyze (1) women’s
apparel and accessories, (2) domestic items and home décor, and (3) children’s products for adults or articles targeting parents of young
children. The study concludes with a discussion of whether the popularization of swearing via such commodification may ultimately result in
a loss of distinctiveness and devaluation.
Why does Lee say what he says the way he says it?
Authors: Zeng Shu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper employs Kecskes’ socio-cognitive approach to analyze the varied speech styles and cognitive dynamics of the Chinese character (Lee) in John Steinbeck’sEast of Eden. The discussion of the novelistic dialogue segments has shown that the Chinese interlocutor’s verbal strategies vary from pidgin to English or a combination of the two, which are predominantly hearer-centered and marked by deliberate and conscious attempts on the part of the speaker to meet the cooperation principle. Lee’s movement between different communication modes is partly predetermined by the disparate power relations between the interlocutors and partly determined by his own communicative needs, thus producing a unique pattern that governs his language use in the given intercultural communicative process. In particular, pidgin is used as a self-protection mechanism, a buffer and a way of identification by the Chinese character, which informs the wider socio-historical context of Chinese immigrants’ victimization of racial discrimination in the American society at the turn of the twentieth century. Just like his shifting verbal strategies in intercultural communication, Lee’s cultural identity is also characterized by fluidity in the in-between space of two cultures.
Physiological and thermoregulatory effects of oral taurine supplementation on exercise tolerance during forced convective cooling
Authors: Simmonds Richard , Cole James , Tallent Jamie , Jeffries Owen , Theis Nicola , Waldron Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on cycling time to exhaustion in cold conditions. Eleven males cycled to exhaustion at a power output equivalent to the mid‐point between ventilatory threshold and maximum aerobic power following 15‐min rest in the cold (apparent temperature of ∼ 4°C; air flow of 4.17 m s−1). Two hours before, participants ingested taurine (50 mg·kg−1) or placebo beverage. Pulmonary gases, carbohydrate (CHO) and fat oxidation, body temperatures, mean local sweat rate, heart rate, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and thermal comfort were recorded. Time to exhaustion was not different between trials (taurine = 14.6 ± 4.7 min; placebo = 13.4 ± 5.6 min, P = 0.061, d = 0.27). There were no effects (P > 0.05) of taurine on core temperature, mean skin temperature or local sweat rates. However, the placebo condition showed greater (P < 0.05) reductions in arm‐to‐finger temperature gradient (i.e. vasodilation) across pre‐exercise passive cold exposure and increased CHO oxidation (P < 0.05). Participants also reached a thermally ‘comfortable’ level quicker in the taurine condition (P < 0.05). A 50 mg·kg−1 dose of taurine did not statistically benefit endurance exercise after moderate cold exposure but conferred some potential vascular and metabolic effects.