bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiologic importance of visceral adipose tissue in women with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Sorimachi Hidemi , Obokata Masaru , Takahashi Naoki , Reddy Yogesh N V , Jain Christopher C , Verbrugge Frederik H , Koepp Katlyn E , Khosla Sundeep , Jensen Michael D , Borlaug Barry A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Central obesity is a major risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), particularly in women, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that sex-specific differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) content would differentially relate to haemodynamic severity of HFpEF in women and men.

Methods and results
Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and invasive haemodynamic exercise testing were performed in 105 subjects with HFpEF (63 women) and 105 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls. Visceral adipose tissue area was quantified by CT. As compared with control women, VAT area was 34% higher in women with HFpEF (186 ± 112 vs. 139 ± 72 cm2, P = 0.006), while VAT area was not significantly different in men with or without HFpEF (294 ± 158 vs. 252 ± 92 cm2, P = 0.1). During exercise, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) increased markedly and to similar extent in both men and women with HFpEF. Women with increased VAT area displayed 33% higher PCWP during exercise compared with women with normal VAT area (28 ± 10 vs. 21 ± 10 mmHg, P = 0.001), whereas exercise PCWP was similar in men with or without excess VAT (24 ± 9 vs. 25 ± 6, P = 0.89). In women, each 100 cm2 increase in VAT area was associated with a 4.0 mmHg higher PCWP (95% CI 2.1, 6.0 mmHg; P &lt; 0.0001), but there was no such relationship in men (interaction P = 0.009).

Conclusions
These data suggest that accumulation of excess VAT plays a distinct and important role in the pathophysiology of HFpEF preferentially in women. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and treatment implications for visceral fat in HFpEF.
Evolution of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a 40-year journey
Authors: Cao Davide , Chandiramani Rishi , Chiarito Mauro , Claessen Bimmer E , Mehran Roxana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince its introduction in 1977, percutaneous coronary intervention has become one of the most commonly performed therapeutic procedures worldwide. Such widespread diffusion, however, would have not been possible without a concomitant evolution of the pharmacotherapies associated with this intervention. Antithrombotic agents are fundamental throughout the management of patients undergoing coronary stent implantation, starting from the procedure itself to the long-term prevention of cardiovascular events. The last 40 years of interventional cardiology have seen remarkable improvements in both drug therapies and device technologies, which largely reflected a progressive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of coronary artery disease, as well as procedure- and device-related adverse events. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the important milestones in antithrombotic pharmacology that have shaped clinical practice of today while also providing insights into knowledge gaps and future directions.
Prediction of low-voltage areas using modified APPLE score
Authors: Seewöster Timm , Kosich Falco , Sommer Philipp , Bertagnolli Livio , Hindricks Gerhard , Kornej Jelena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe presence of low-voltage areas (LVAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) reflects left atrial (LA) electroanatomical substrate, which is essential for individualized AF management. However, echocardiographic anteroposterior LA diameter included into previous LVAs prediction scores does not mirror LA size accurately and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) is not directly associated with atrial myopathy. Therefore, we aimed to compare a modified (m)APPLE score, which included LA volume (LAV) and LA emptying fraction (LA-EF) with the regular APPLE score for the prediction of LVAs.Methods and resultsIn patients undergoing first AF catheter ablation, LVAs were determined peri-interventionally using high-density maps and defined as signal amplitude &lt;0.5 mV. All patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging before intervention. The APPLE (one point for Age ≥ 65 years, Persistent AF, imPaired eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, LA diameter ≥ 43 mm, and LVEF &lt; 50%) and (m)APPLE (last two variables changed by LAV ≥ 39 mL/m2, and LA-EF &lt; 31%) scores were calculated at baseline. The study population included 219 patients [median age 65 (interquartile range 57–72) years, 41% females, 59% persistent AF, 25% LVAs]. Both scores were significantly associated with LVAs [OR 1.817, 95% CI 1.376–2.399 for APPLE and 2.288, 95% CI 1.650–3.172 for (m)APPLE]. Using receiver operating characteristic curves analysis, the (m)APPLE score [area under the curve (AUC) 0.779, 95% CI 0.702–0.855] showed better LVAs prediction than the APPLE score (AUC 0.704, 95% CI 0.623–0.784), however, without statistically significant difference (P = 0.233).ConclusionThe modified (m)APPLE score demonstrated good prognostic value for LVAs prediction and was comparable with the regular APPLE score.
Echocardiographic screening of pregnant women by non-physicians with remote interpretation in primary care
Authors: Nascimento Bruno R , Sable Craig , Nunes Maria Carmo P , Oliveira Kaciane K B , Franco Juliane , Barbosa Marcia M , Reese Alison T , Diamantino Adriana C , Ferreira Filho Domingos Sávio G , Macedo Frederico V B , Raso Leonardo A M , Paiva Sarcha M W , Ribeiro Antonio L P , Beaton Andrea Z 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Impact of heart disease (HD) on pregnancy is significant.

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of integrating screening echocardiography (echo) into the Brazilian prenatal primary care to assess HD prevalence.

Methods
Over 13 months, 20 healthcare workers acquired simplified echo protocols, utilizing hand-held machines (GE-VSCAN), in 22 primary care centres. Consecutive pregnant women unaware of HD underwent focused echo, remotely interpreted in USA and Brazil. Major HD was defined as structural valve abnormalities, more than mild valve dysfunction, ventricular systolic dysfunction/hypertrophy, or other major abnormalities. Screen-positive women were referred for standard echo.

Results
At total, 1 112 women underwent screening. Mean age was 27 ± 8 years, mean gestational age 22 ± 9 weeks. Major HD was found in 100 (9.0%) patients. More than mild mitral regurgitation was observed in 47 (4.2%), tricuspid regurgitation in 11 (1.0%), mild left ventricular dysfunction in 4 (0.4%), left ventricular hypertrophy in 2 (0.2%) and suspected rheumatic heart disease in 36 (3.2%): all, with mitral valve and two with aortic valve (AV) involvement. Other AV disease was observed in 11 (10%). In 56 screen-positive women undergoing standard echo, major HD was confirmed in 45 (80.4%): RHD findings in 12 patients (all with mitral valve and two with AV disease), mitral regurgitation in 40 (14 with morphological changes, 10 suggestive of rheumatic heart disease), other AV disease in two (mild/moderate regurgitation).

Conclusions
Integration of echo screening into primary prenatal care is feasible in Brazil. However, the low prevalence of severe disease urges further investigations about the effectiveness of the strategy.
Modelling the effects of diffusive-viscous waves in a 3-D fluid-saturated media using two numerical approaches
Authors: Mensah Victor , Hidalgo Arturo 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYThe accurate numerical modelling of 3-D seismic wave propagation is essential in understanding details to seismic wavefields which are, observed on regional and global scales on the Earth’s surface. The diffusive-viscous wave (DVW) equation was proposed to study the connection between fluid saturation and frequency dependence of reflections and to characterize the attenuation property of the seismic wave in a fluid-saturated medium. The attenuation of DVW is primarily described by the active attenuation parameters (AAP) in the equation. It is, therefore, imperative to acquire these parameters and to additionally specify the characteristics of the DVW. In this paper, quality factor, Q is used to obtain the AAP, and they are compared to those of the visco-acoustic wave. We further derive the 3-D numerical schemes based on a second order accurate finite-volume scheme with a second order Runge–Kutta approximation for the time discretization and a fourth order accurate finite-difference scheme with a fourth order Runge–Kutta approximation for the time discretization. We then simulate the propagation of seismic waves in a 3-D fluid-saturated medium based on the derived schemes. The numerical results indicate stronger attenuation when compared to the visco-acoustic case.
Social Emotional Learning and the promotion of equal personal relationships among adolescents in Panama: a study protocol
Authors: Araúz Ledezma Ana B , Massar Karlijn , Kok Gerjo 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Adolescents in Panama face multiple barriers that affect their health, such as high rates of teenage pregnancy, increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and sexual violence. Equal relationships between women and men are likely to reduce such risks. Here, we suggest that the school-based enhancement of Social and Emotional Learning core competencies—awareness of self and others, positive attitudes and values, responsible decision-making, and social interaction skills—could foster positive changes in behaviors between boys and girls, specifically through a focus on equal roles, equal rights in relationships and nonviolent problem solving. This paper, using the Intervention Mapping Protocol, describes the process of development of, and planning surrounding the implementation and evaluation of the program ‘Me and My new World’, a Social Emotional Learning intervention for middle school students (12–15 years old) in Panama. Program development was based on a needs assessment (Araúz Ledezma et al. (2020) Behavioural and environmental influences on adolescent decision making in personal relationships: a qualitative multi–stakeholder exploration in Panama. Health Education Research, 35, 1–14.) and a literature review of theory- and evidence-based Social and Emotional Learning (SEL)-programs. Intervention outcomes, performance objectives and change objectives of the intervention were identified. The practical applications of different theory-based methods allowed for contextual considerations that could potentially influence the expected behavioral outcomes of the intervention. Teachers were the implementers of the program, and during development, implementation, and evaluation, the roles, opinions, and teaching methods of all stakeholders were recognized. We conclude that Intervention Mapping allows for the analysis of multiple factors influencing the development and implementation of Social Emotional Learning programs promoting equal relationships among adolescents in a developing country, with a special consideration of culture, educational systems, and policies, from a capability development perspective.
Escherichia coli strains possessing a four amino acid YRIN insertion in PBP3 identified as part of the SIDERO-WT-2014 surveillance study
Authors: Sato Takafumi , Ito Akinobu , Ishioka Yoshino , Matsumoto Shuhei , Rokushima Masatomo , Kazmierczak Krystyna M , Hackel Meredith , Sahm Daniel F , Yamano Yoshinori 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
In addition to carbapenemases, dissemination of recently reported Escherichia coli lineages possessing a four amino acid insertion in PBP3 (encoded by ftsI) that confers reduced susceptibility to PBP3-targeted β-lactams, such as ceftazidime, can pose a threat of antimicrobial resistance.

Objectives
To evaluate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of E. coli possessing the mutated PBP3 collected during SIDERO-WT-2014 surveillance.

Methods
A subset of 65 E. coli clinical isolates with MICs ≥2 mg/L for ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam or cefiderocol, among a total of 1529 isolates from the multinational surveillance study, were subjected to gene analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Isogenic PBP3 mutants were constructed to confirm experimentally an impact on antimicrobial susceptibility.

Results
Eleven strains possessing a YRIN-inserted PBP3 were identified, consisting of nine strains collected from the same hospital in Turkey (ST1284) and one each from the USA and Italy (ST361). Strains associated with each ST lineage possessed similar genetic backgrounds including β-lactamase genotypes; all nine strains from Turkey carried CMY-42, OXA-1 and the OXA-181 carbapenemase (five strains additionally carried CTX-M-15 ESBL), whereas the two other strains carried CMY-42 and TEM-1, indicating dissemination driven by selective pressure. The presence of the YRIN insertion contributed to reduced susceptibility to aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime and ceftolozane/tazobactam, although the strains remained susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam despite relatively high MICs.

Conclusions
E. coli strains of both ST1284 and ST361 lineages, possessing YRIN-inserted PBP3, are disseminating in several regions. The YRIN insertion in PBP3 occurred with multiple β-lactamases, which indicates frequent cross-resistance to other β-lactams.
Digital Asymmetries in Transnational Communication: Expectation, Autonomy and Gender Positioning in the Household
Authors: Wang Yang , Lim Sun Sun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn contemporary society, information and communication technologies (ICTs) are widely cherished for helping transnational households preserve a coherent sense of familyhood despite geographical separation. Despite ICTs having positive benefits for the maintenance of long-distance intimacies, digital asymmetries characterized by gaps in routines, emotional experiences, and outcomes of ICT use can also emerge between family members of different structural, social, and geographical conditions. Drawing on an innovative “content–context diary”-cum-participant observation, this article investigates the multi-dimensional digital asymmetries emerging from the transnational communication of Chinese “study mothers” in Singapore. Using the data visualization and analysis tool “ecomap,” the findings uncover that study mothers were largely beleaguered by expectation asymmetry and autonomy asymmetry, arising from different expectations to and control over daily transnational communication with their family members. The study mothers were disadvantaged by their relatively isolated life situations in the host society and accentuated gender hierarchies in the household.
Evaluation of solid portions in non-small cell lung cancer—the solid part is not always measurable for clinical T factor
Authors: Fukui Mariko , Takamochi Kazuya , Ouchi Takehiro , Koike Yutaro , Yaguchi Takashi , Matsunaga Takeshi , Hattori Aritoshi , Suzuki Kazuhiro , Hoshina Ayako , Yamashiro Yuki , Oh Shiaki , Suzuki Kenji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Solid component size on thin-section computed tomography is used for T-staging according to the eighth edition of the Tumor Node Metastasis classification of lung cancer. However, the feasibility of using the solid component to measure clinical T-factor remains controversial.

Methods
We evaluated the feasibility of measuring the solid component in 859 tumours, which were suspected cases of primary lung cancers, requiring surgical resection regardless of the procedure or clinical stage. After excluding 126 pure ground-glass opacity tumours and 450 solid tumours, 283 part-solid tumours were analysed to determine the frequency of cases where the measurement of the solid portion was difficult along with the associated cause. Pathological invasiveness was also evaluated.

Results
The solid portion of 10 lesions in 283 part-solid nodules was difficult to measure due to an underlying lung disease (emphysema and pneumonitis). The solid portion of 62 lesions (21.9%) without emphysema and pneumonitis was difficult to measure due to imaging features of the tumours. Among the 62 patients, five had no malignancy and one with a tumour size of 33 mm had nodal metastasis. There were 56 lesions with a tumour size of ≤30 mm, wherein nodal metastases, vascular and/or lymphatic invasions were not observed.

Conclusion
For one-fifth of the part-solid tumours, measurement of the solid component was difficult. Moreover, these lesions had low invasiveness, especially in T1. The measurement of the solid portion and the classification of T1 in 1-cm increments may be complex.
Will cytokinins underpin the second ‘Green Revolution’?
Authors: Jameson Paula E , Song Jiancheng 
Published: September 2020

This article comments on:Schwarz I, Scheirlinck MT, Otto E, Bartrina I, Schmidt RC, Schmülling T. 2020. Cytokinin regulates the activity of the inflorescence meristem and components of seed yield in oilseed rape. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 7146–7159.
A Step Too Far? Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX [2020] UKSC 14
Authors: Horsey Kirsty , Powell Andrew 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This comment piece explores the decision in Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX [2020] UKSC 14. It argues that despite notable shifts in public policy in respect of the acceptability of surrogacy as a means of family formation in the past twenty years, the Supreme Court has taken a step too far in deciding that foreign commercial surrogacy is as widely socially accepted. This impacts on the reasonableness of any claim for damages in negligence for the costs of commercial surrogacy. It is posited that the issue of whether damages for foreign commercial surrogacy are reasonable or not will be the key battleground in future negligence cases of this type.
ALMA observations of envelopes around first hydrostatic core candidates
Authors: Maureira María José , Arce Héctor G , Dunham Michael M , Mardones Diego , Guzmán Andrés E , Pineda Jaime E , Bourke Tyler L 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We present ALMA 3 mm molecular line and continuum observations with a resolution of ∼3.5 arcsec towards five first hydrostatic core (FHSC) candidates (L1451-mm, Per-bolo 58, Per-bolo 45, L1448-IRS2E, and Cha-MMS1). Our goal is to characterize their envelopes and identify the most promising sources that could be bona fide FHSCs. We identify two candidates that are consistent with an extremely young evolutionary state (L1451-mm and Cha-MMS1), with L1451-mm being the most promising FHSC candidate. Although our envelope observations cannot rule out Cha-MMS1 as an FHSC yet, the properties of its CO outflow and SED published in recent studies are in better agreement with the predictions for a young protostar. For the remaining three sources, our observations favour a pre-stellar nature for Per-bolo 45 and rule out the rest as FHSC candidates. Per-bolo 58 is fully consistent with being a Class 0, while L1448 IRS2E shows no emission of high-density tracers (NH2D and N2H+) at the location of the previously identified compact continuum source, which is also undetected in our observations. Thus, we argue that there is no embedded source at the presumptive location of the FHSC candidate L1448 IRS2E. We propose instead that what was thought to be emission from the presumed L1448 IRS2E outflow corresponds to outflow emission from a nearby Class 0 system, deflected by the dense ambient material. We compare the properties of the FHSC candidates studied in this work and the literature, which shows that L1451-mm appears as possibly the youngest source with a confirmed outflow.
Discovery of an ∼30-yr-duration post-nova pulsating supersoft source in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Vasilopoulos G , Koliopanos F , Woods T E , Haberl F , Soraisam M D , Udalski A 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Supersoft X-ray sources (SSS) have been identified as white dwarfs accreting from binary companions and undergoing nuclear burning of the accreted material on their surface. Although expected to be a relatively numerous population from both binary evolution models and their identification as type Ia supernova progenitor candidates, given the very soft spectrum of SSSs relatively few are known. Here we report on the X-ray and optical properties of 1RXS J050526.3−684628, a previously unidentified accreting nuclear-burning white dwarf located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). XMM–Newton observations enabled us to study its X-ray spectrum and measure for the first time short-period oscillations of ∼170 s. By analysing newly obtained X-ray data by eROSITA, together with Swift observations and archival ROSAT data, we have followed its long-term evolution over the last 3 decades. We identify 1RXS J050526.3−684628 as a slowly evolving post-nova SSS undergoing residual surface nuclear burning, which finally reached its peak in 2013 and is now declining. Though long expected on theoretical grounds, such long-lived residual-burning objects had not yet been found. By comparison with existing models, we find that the effective temperature and luminosity evolution are consistent with an ∼0.7 M⊙ carbon–oxygen white dwarf accreting ${\sim} 10^{-9}~\rm {M}_{\odot }$ yr−1. Our results suggest that there may be many more undiscovered SSSs and ‘missed’ novae awaiting dedicated deep X-ray searches in the LMC and elsewhere.
Hundreds of new periodic signals detected in the first year of TESS with the weirddetector
Authors: Chakraborty Joheen , Wheeler Adam , Kipping David 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
We apply the weirddetector, a non-parametric signal detection algorithm based on phase dispersion minimization, in a search for low duty-cycle periodic signals in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. Our approach, in contrast to commonly used model-based approaches specifically for flagging transits, eclipsing binaries, or other similarly periodic events, makes minimal assumptions about the shape of a periodic signal, with the goal of finding ‘weird’ signals of unexpected or arbitrary shape. In total, 248 301 TESS sources from the first-year Southern sky survey are run through the weirddetector, of which we manually inspect the top 21 500 for periodicity. To minimize false-positives, we here only report on the upper decile in terms of signal score, a sample for which we obtain 97% recall of TESS eclipsing binaries and 62% of the TOIs. In our sample, we find 377 previously unreported periodic signals, for which we make a first-pass assignment that 26 are ultra-short periods (&lt;0.3 d), 313 are likely eclipsing binaries, 28 appear planet-like, and 10 are miscellaneous signals.