bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of rotating packed bed for in‐line aroma stripping from cell slurry
Authors: Lukin Ilya , Wingartz Isabell , Schembecker Gerhard 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, biotechnological production receives increasing interest as an alternative source of natural aromas. Unfortunately, especially for hydrophobic and semi‐volatile aromas, the heterogeneous product partitioning between all phases present in fermentation makes recovery challenging. Additionally, when an aroma displays an inhibitory effect on the production microorganism, product removal during fermentation is recommendable. In‐line aroma stripping offers an elegant way to deal with such challenges. This study reports the use of rotating packed bed (RPB) technology for the intensification of stripping of α‐ionone, a key aroma of raspberry, from a model fermentation slurry containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a concentration of 250 g‐CWW L−1.RESULTSThroughout all experimental investigations, yeast cells were robust towards both the chemical stress from aroma exposure at a concentration of up to 400 mg L−1 and the mechanical stress from peripheral equipment and rotation of up to 2750 rpm, as a maximum of 11.3 ± 0.5% disrupted cells were measured during continuous processing in an RPB. An increase in the rotation speed led to an enhanced transfer of α‐ionone from the fermentation slurry to the gaseous phase.CONCLUSIONSRPB technology is found to be promising for the intensification of in‐line stripping of biotechnologically produced aromas from crude fermentation broth without cell separation. The use of subsequent RPBs equipped with custom packings and flexibly adjustable rotation speed displays a holistic aroma recovery process supporting the way to commercial competitiveness of biotechnological aromas. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting total petroleum hydrocarbons in field soils with Vis–NIR models developed on laboratory‐constructed samples
Authors: Wijewardane Nuwan K. , Ge Yufeng , Sihota Natasha , Hoelen Thomas , Miao Toni , Weindorf David C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAccurate quantification of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) is required for optimizing remedial efforts at oil spill sites. While evaluating total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soils is often conducted using costly and time‐consuming laboratory methods, visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (Vis–NIR) has been proven to be a rapid and cost‐effective field‐based method for soil TPH quantification. This study investigated whether Vis–NIR models calibrated from laboratory‐constructed PHC soil samples could be used to accurately estimate TPH concentration of field samples. To evaluate this, a laboratory sample set was constructed by mixing crude oil with uncontaminated soil samples, and two field sample sets (F1 and F2) were collected from three PHC‐impacted sites. The Vis–NIR TPH models were calibrated with four different techniques (partial least squares regression, random forest, artificial neural network, and support vector regression), and two model improvement methods (spiking and spiking with extra weight) were compared. Results showed that laboratory‐based Vis–NIR models could predict TPH in field sample set F1 with moderate accuracy (R2 > .53) but failed to predict TPH in field sample set F2 (R2 < .13). Both spiking and spiking with extra weight improved the prediction of TPH in both field sample sets (R2 ranged from .63 to .88, respectively); the improvement was most pronounced for F2. This study suggests that Vis–NIR models developed from laboratory‐constructed PHC soil samples, spiked by a small number of field sample analyses, can be used to estimate TPH concentrations more efficiently and cost effectively compared with generating site‐specific calibrations.
Mu opioid receptor knockout mouse: Phenotypes with implications on restless legs syndrome
Authors: Lyu Shangru , DeAndrade Mark P. , Unger Erica L. , Mueller Stefan , Oksche Alexander , Walters Arthur S. , Li Yuqing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an irresistible need to move the legs while sitting or lying at night with insomnia as a frequent consequence. Human RLS has been associated with abnormalities in the endogenous opioid system, the dopaminergic system, the iron regulatory system, anemia, and inflammatory and auto‐immune disorders. Our previous work indicates that mice lacking all three subtypes of opioid receptors have a phenotype similar to that of human RLS. To study the roles of each opioid receptor subtype in RLS, we first used mu opioid receptor knockout (MOR KO) mice based on our earlier studies using postmortem brain and cell culture. The KO mice showed decreased hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells (RBCs), with an appearance of microcytic RBCs indicating anemia. Together with decreased serum iron and transferrin, but increased ferritin levels, the anemia is similar to that seen with chronic inflammation in humans. A decreased serum iron level was also observed in the wildtype mice treated with an MOR antagonist. Iron was increased in the liver and spleen of the KO mice. Normal circadian variations in the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems were absent in the KO mice. The KO mice showed hyperactivity and increased thermal sensitivity in wakefulness primarily during what would normally be the sleep phase similar to that seen in human RLS. Deficits in endogenous opioid system transmission could predispose to anemia of inflammation and loss of circadian variations in dopaminergic or serotonergic systems, thereby contributing to an RLS‐like phenotype.
Burden of arrythmias in transgender patients hospitalized for gender‐affirming surgeries
Authors: Antwi‐Amoabeng Daniel , Doshi Rajkumar , Adalja Devina , Kumar Ashish , Desai Rupak , Islam Raheel , Gullapalli Nageshwara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to describe the burden of arrhythmias and their impact on in‐hospital outcomes in transgender patients who underwent gender re‐assignment surgery.MethodsThe study utilized data from the National Inpatient Sample from January 2012 to September 2015.Results16 555 adult transgender patients were included in this study. A total of 610 adults developed arrhythmia out of which atrial fibrillation (N = 475, 2.87%) was the most frequent arrhythmia. In‐hospital mortality increased substantially with arrhythmias.ConclusionsNew‐onset arrythmias, while infrequent in the inpatient setting is associated with significantly higher in‐hospital mortality and resource utilization.
Development of a surgical oncology training curriculum for accreditation
Authors: Lee Ann Y. , Delman Keith A. , Berman Russell S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn 2011, the American Board of Surgery announced a new specialty board certification for Complex General Surgical Oncology. The development of a 2‐year fellowship training curriculum was based on the core values of multidisciplinary care, surgical management of oncologic disease, education in basic research and clinical trial design, community outreach, patient counseling, and leadership in oncology. This article highlights the elements necessary for developing a fellowship training program in the context of these core values.
The Healing Effect of Amniotic Membrane in Laryngeal Defects in Rabbit Model
Authors: Iravani Kamyar , Mehravar Soheila , Bahador Mohsen , Azarpira Negar 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveFibrosis and scar formation following laryngeal repairing is a major concern. This study evaluated the efficacy of applying amniotic membrane (AM) as a biologic dressing to reduce fibrosis and inflammation and promote cartilage repair.Study designExperimental animal study.MethodsNine male white Dutch rabbits were selected. A standard defect (5 mm) was created in right and left thyroid lamina. In the right side, two layers of AM were applied while the left side was kept intact for future comparison. Histologic examination with criteria of inflammation, fibrosis, and cartilage regeneration was performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks following AM application. All procedures were done according to animal ethics rules.ResultsHistologic and gross examination showed that AM application was able to reduce inflammation and fibrosis and improve cartilage regeneration significantly.ConclusionAs a useful intervention, AM application can reduce inflammation and fibrosis and enhance cartilage regeneration, following laryngeal defect repair.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E527–E533, 2021
Incidence of HCC recurrence after DAA treatment for HCV in a multicentre Italian cohort study
Authors: Guarino Maria , Di Costanzo Giovan Giuseppe , Bruzzese Dario , Sessa Anna , Guarracino Marco , Rinaldi Luca , Aglitti Andrea , Salomone Megna Angelo , Morando Federica , Coppola Nicola , Caporaso Nicola , Morisco Filomena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and aimThe present real‐life multicentre, prospective study aims to investigate the effects of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in HCV patients with a previous successfully treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in terms of neoplastic recurrence and sustained virological response (SVR) rates.MethodsFrom March 2015 to March 2017, all consecutive HCV patients with a previous successfully treated HCC who underwent DAA therapy were enrolled. Neoplastic recurrence was used as the primary outcome, whereas the secondary outcomes were patient characteristics predicting HCC recurrence. Cumulative probabilities of recurrence were extracted from time‐to‐event curves based on the Kaplan‐Meier method. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using univariate and multivariate Cox regressions.ResultsA total of 101 patients were enrolled: 83% of them were in Child‐Pugh class A, 88% had a history of HCC BCLC stage 0/A and 91.1% achieved SVR. The median time from the last successful HCC treatment to DAA start was 10.1 months [IQR: 5.6‐16.7]. Thirty‐one HCC recurrences were observed from DAA start (median follow‐up: 31.7 months). The incidence rate of recurrence was 20.5/100 person‐years. The 6‐, 12‐ and 24‐months HCC recurrence rates from the last HCC treatment were 1%, 8.9% and 25.6% respectively. DAA treatment failure, higher level of total bilirubin, higher BMI and higher level of AFP were significantly associated with higher risk of HCC recurrence in both univariate and Cox multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the achievement of SVR and the absence of well‐known HCC risk factors reduce recurrence in patients who have taken DAAs.
Plasma Ceramides and Triglycerides Are Elevated during Pregnancy in Association with Markers of Insulin Resistance in Hutterite Women
Authors: Rico Jorge Eduardo , Specker Bonny , Perry Cydne A. , McFadden Joseph William 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChanges in maternal insulin sensitivity and circulating lipids typically occur during the metabolic transitions of pregnancy and lactation. Although ceramides can cause insulin resistance in mammals, their potential roles during pregnancy and lactation are unknown. We hypothesized that changes in lipids like ceramide and triglycerides could occur across different reproductive states and relate to insulin resistance. Our objectives were to comprehensively characterize lipids in the plasma of pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant and nonlactating (NPNL) women, and to evaluate the relationship between ceramides and the triglyceride index, a proxy of insulin resistance. Middle‐aged Hutterite women from the South Dakota Rural Bone Health Study were classified by reproductive status as nonpregnant and nonlactating (NPNL; 19 observations), pregnant (14 observations), or lactating (31 observations). Several plasma lipids were elevated in pregnancy such as ceramides, triglycerides, and total‐ and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The triglyceride index was highest during pregnancy and was positively associated with long‐ and very long‐chain ceramides. Lipidomics revealed lipid signatures specific to reproductive state, including triglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and cholesteryl esters, which were also related to the triglyceride index. Our data support the possibility that ceramides contribute to the development of insulin resistance during pregnancy, and reveal distinct lipid signatures associated with pregnancy and lactation.
A spatiotemporal model of meningococcal meningitis with direct and indirect transmission
Authors: Zorom Malicki , Andrianisa Harinaivo Anderson , Dorville René , Zongo Pascal 
Published: May 2020

We extend an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model for the meningococcal meningitis disease to a partial differential equation (PDE). This extension istwofold: (i) consideration of two modes of contamination, namely through a direct transmission (human to human) and an indirect transmission (via free‐living bacteria). (ii) consideration of the human movement and the dispersal of bacteria in a heterogeneous environment. Furthermore we show the existence of the solutions and define the basic reproduction number
for the model. Additionally, the existence and the stability of both disease‐free and endemic equilibria were investigated. The sensitivity of
and the endemic state with respect of the model parameters were studied. Numerical computations of the spreading bacteria are carried out to illustrate our mathematical results.
Impact of smartphone addiction on depression and self‐esteem among nursing students
Authors: Mohamed Sayeda Mohamed , Mostafa Mona Hamdy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of smartphone addiction on depression and self‐esteem among nursing students.SettingFaculty of Nursing.DesignCross‐sectional, survey‐based research design used in this study. Sample: Stratified random sample consists of 320 nursing students. Tools: Four tools used for data collection: personal data sheet, Hamilton rating scale of depression, smartphone addiction scale and Self‐esteem Inventory.ResultsAbout 95.8% of nursing students reported smartphone addiction, while 32.5% were pseudonormal of depression. Twenty‐eight percent of them had low self‐esteem. The study also revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and levels of depression. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between levels of depression and self‐esteem.
Increased apolipoprotein E and decreased TNF‐α in the cerebrospinal fluid of nondemented APOE‐ε4 carriers
Authors: Sasayama Daimei , Hattori Kotaro , Yokota Yuuki , Matsumura Ryo , Teraishi Toshiya , Yoshida Sumiko , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) is a well‐known risk factor of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease. However, little is known why this variant confers a risk for Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the APOE genotype on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels.MethodsThe present study performed a secondary analysis on our previously generated database to compare the CSF levels of 1128 proteins between APOE‐ε4 carriers (28 subjects) and noncarriers (104 subjects). All subjects were physically healthy Japanese individuals without dementia.ResultsCSF levels of apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4 were significantly higher (all nominal P < 10 × 10−5, false discovery rate < 0.001) and those of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were significantly lower (nominal P = 1.39 × 10−6, false discovery rate < 0.001) in APOE‐ε4 carriers than in noncarriers. No significant correlation was observed between the CSF levels of TNF‐α and any of the apoE proteins.ConclusionsOur findings indicate the possible roles of apoE and TNF‐α in the pathogenesis of APOE‐ε4‐associated Alzheimer's disease.
Porous Organic Polymers as Fire‐Resistant Additives and Precursors for Hyperporous Carbon towards Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Xue Qingxia , Li Wenjing , Dou Jinli , Song Weiiguo , Ming Jingjing , Bian Weiwei , Guo Yuejuan , Li Xinjian , Zhang Weifen , Zhou Baolong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCyclotriphosphazene (CP) based porous organic polymers (POPs) have been designed and prepared. The introduction of CP into the porous skeleton endowed special thermal stability and outstanding flame retardancy to prepared polymers. The nonflammable level of PNK‐CMP fabricated via the condensation of 2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylene)diacetonitrile (DAN) and hexakis(4‐acetylphenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (HACTP) through Knoevenagel reaction, in vertical burning tests reached V‐2 class (UL‐94) and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 20.8 %. When used as additive, PNK‐CMP could suppress the dissolving out of PEPA effectively, reducing environment pollution and improving the flame retardant efficiency. The POP and PEPA co‐added PU (mPOP%: mPEPA%=5.0 %: 5.0 %) could not be ignited under simulated real‐scale fire conditions. The nonflammable level of POP/PEPA/PU in vertical burning tests (UL‐94) reached V‐0 class with a LOI as high as 23.2 %. The smoke emission could also be suppressed, thus reducing the potential for flame spread and fire hazards. Furthermore, carbonization of PNK‐CMP under the activation of KOH yield a hyperporous carbon (PNKA‐800) with ultrahigh BET surface area (3001 m2 g−1) and ultramicropore size showing excellent ORR activity in alkaline conditions.
Combined effect of chemically compound graphene oxide‐calcium pimelate on crystallization behavior, morphology and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Fei , Lin Xiang‐Feng , Hu Hui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe combined nucleation effect of graphene oxide (GO) and calcium pimelate (CaPi) which are chemically compound together (expressed in GO − CaPi) in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified that CaPi was chemically compound with GO by chelate bonds. The crystallization behavior and crystalline morphologies of iPP nucleated with different mass ratio of GO and CaPi were investigated. The crystallization peak temperature of iPP nucleated with 0.2 wt% GO − CaPi with the mass ratio of 1:5 (GO1 − C5) was increased by 8.3°C when compared with that of pure iPP, and the relative content of β‐crystal reached up to 0.7962. Whereas, the crystallization peak temperature of iPP nucleated with 0.2 wt% GO and CaPi which are blended together by mechanical force (expressed in GO + CaPi) with the mass ratio of 1:5 (GO1 + C5) was only increased by 5.0°C. It was attributed to that the aggregation of GO + CaPi caused the decrease of the crystallization peak temperature, while the GO1 − C5 uniformly dispersed in the iPP matrix. Unexpectedly, the relative content of β‐crystal of iPP nucleated with 0.02 wt% GO1 − C5 reached up to 0.8094, and the crystallization peak temperature was increased by 6.7°C compared with that of pure iPP. Meanwhile, the impact strength, tensile strength and heat deflection temperature of iPP nucleated with 0.02 wt% GO1 − C5 increased by almost 45.86%, 2.03% and 7.7°C, respectively. The iPP nucleated with GO1 − C5 obtained a balance between stiffness and toughness and the thermo‐mechanical property of nucleated iPP was improved.
Crotalaria spectabilis as a source of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and phenolic compounds: HPLC‐MS/MS dereplication and monocrotaline quantification of seed and leaf extracts
Authors: Scupinari Tamires , Mannochio Russo Helena , Sabino Ferrari Anna Beatriz , da Silva Bolzani Vanderlan , Dias Waldir Pereira , de Oliveira Nunes Estela , Hoffmann‐Campo Clara Beatriz , Zeraik Maria Luiza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionCrotalaria spectabilis is an important species used as a pre‐plant cover for soybean crops to control the proliferation of endoparasitic nematodes. Species from the Crotalaria genus are known for presenting pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in their composition, however, C. spectabilis is still considered chemically under‐explored.ObjectiveThe goal of this manuscript is the development and validation of a method for PAs and flavonoids identification and quantification of C. spectabilis seeds and leaves, a toxic plant used for nematode proliferation control in soil, especially in soybean crops.Materials and methodsSeeds and leaves extracts were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) for the identification of the compounds.ResultsPAs and phenolic compounds could be identified in both samples based on the MS/MS fragmentation pattern. Molecular formulas of the annotated compounds were confirmed by ultra‐high‐performace liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight (UHPLC‐QToF), and monocrotaline could also be confirmed by standard comparison. The quantification of monocrotaline was performed by HPLC‐MS/MS, resulting in 123 times higher monocrotaline content in seeds than in the leaves, which could explain its efficiency in combating nematode proliferation in soil.ConclusionThis was the first report of phenolic compounds in C. spectabilis. The current study highlights the importance of C. spectabilis for nematode control due to the presence of toxic PAs, and the employment of analytical techniques for identification and quantification of compounds present in the extracts.
Impact of co‐morbid personality disorder on quality of inpatient mental health services for people with anxiety and depression
Authors: Williams Ryan , Farquharson Lorna , Rhodes Ellen , Dang Mary , Fitzpatrick Naomi , Quirk Alan , Baldwin David S. , Crawford Mike J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionConcerns have been raised about the quality of inpatient care received by patients with a diagnosis of personality disorder.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the quality of care received by inpatients with an anxiety or depressive disorder, comparing subgroups with or without a co‐morbid personality disorder.MethodWe used a retrospective case‐note review of 3 795 patients admitted to inpatient psychiatric wards in England, utilizing data from the National Clinical Audit of Anxiety and Depression. Data were gathered on all acute admissions with an anxiety or depressive disorder over a 6‐month period, for a number of measures reflecting quality of care derived from national standards. Association of coexisting personality disorder with quality of care was investigated using multivariable regression analyses.ResultsFour hundred sixteen (11.0%) of the patients had a co‐co‐morbid diagnosis of personality disorder. Patients with personality disorder were less likely to have been asked about prior responses to treatment in their initial assessment (odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.89, p = 0.007). They were less likely to receive adequate notice in advance of their discharge (OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98, p = 0.046). They were more likely to be prescribed medication at the point of discharge (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.09, p = 0.012) and less likely to have been provided with information about the medicines they were taking (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.94, p = 0.048). In addition, the carers of patients with co‐morbid personality disorder were less likely to have been provided with information about available support services (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.93, p = 0.045).ConclusionWe found evidence of poorer quality of care for patients with co‐morbid personality disorder who were admitted to psychiatric hospital for treatment of anxiety or depressive disorders, highlighting the need for improved clinical care in this patient group.