bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Third-generation sequencing-based mapping and visualization of single nucleotide polymorphism, meiotic recombination, illegitimate mutation and repeat-induced point mutation
Authors: Li Wan-Chen , Liu Hou-Cheng , Lin Ying-Jyun , Tung Shu-Yun , Wang Ting-Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeneration of new genetic diversity by crossover (CO) and non-crossover (NCO) is a fundamental process in eukaryotes. Fungi have played critical roles in studying this process because they permit tetrad analysis, which has been used by geneticists for several decades to determine meiotic recombination products. New genetic variations can also be generated in zygotes via illegitimate mutation (IM) and repeat-induced point mutation (RIP). RIP is a genome defense mechanism for preventing harmful expansion of transposable elements or duplicated sequences in filamentous fungi. Although the exact mechanism of RIP is unknown, the C:G to T:A mutations might result from DNA cytosine methylation. A comprehensive approach for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these important processes is to perform high-throughput mapping of CO, NCO, RIP and IM in zygotes bearing large numbers of heterozygous variant markers. To this aim, we developed ‘TSETA’, a versatile and user-friendly pipeline that utilizes high-quality and chromosome-level genome sequences involved in a single meiotic event of the industrial workhorse fungus Trichoderma reesei. TSETA not only can be applied to most sexual eukaryotes for genome-wide tetrad analysis, it also outcompetes most currently used methods for calling out single nucleotide polymorphisms between two or more intraspecies strains or isolates.
Resection of Spinal Meningioma Using Ultrasonic BoneScalpel Microshaver: Cases, Technique, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sadrameli Saeed Sam , Chan Tiffany Michelle , Lee Jonathan Jinhee , Desai Virendra R , Holman Paul J 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Meningiomas of the spinal canal comprise up to 40% of all spinal tumors. The standard management of these tumors is gross total resection. The outcome and extent of resection depends on location, size, patient's neurologic status, and experience of the surgeon. Heavily calcified spinal meningiomas often pose a challenge for achieving gross total resection without cord injury.

OBJECTIVE
To report our experience with the BoneScalpel Micro-shaver to resect heavily calcified areas of spinal meningiomas adherent to the spinal cord without significant cord manipulation, achieving gross total resection and outstanding clinical results.

METHODS
Seventy-nine and 82-yr-old females presented with progressive leg weakness, paresthesias, and gait instability. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine showed a homogenous enhancing intradural extramedullary mass with mass effect on the spinal cord. Midline bilateral laminectomy was performed, and the dura was open in midline. The lateral portion of the tumor away from the spinal cord was resected with Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator while the BoneScalpel Micro-shaver (power level 5 and 30% irrigation) was brought into the field for the calcified portion of the tumor adherent to the spinal cord.

RESULTS
Gross total resection was achieved for both cases. At the 2-wk postoperative visit, both patients reported complete recovery of their leg weakness with significant improvement in paresthesias and ataxia.

CONCLUSION
The ultrasonic osteotome equipped with a microhook tip appears to be a safe surgical instrument allowing for effective resection of spinal meningiomas or other heavily calcified spinal masses not easily removed by usual surgical instrumentation.
Ten-Step Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Under Computed Tomography-Based Intraoperative Navigation: Technical Report and Preliminary Outcomes in Mexico
Authors: Quillo-Olvera Javier , Quillo-Reséndiz Javier , Quillo-Olvera Diego , Barrera-Arreola Michelle , Kim Jin-Sung 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The principal advantage of intraoperative spinal navigation is the ease of screw placement. However, visualization and the integration of navigation can be explored with the use of navigation-guided full-endoscopic techniques.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the stepwise intraoperative navigation-assisted unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (UBE-TLIF) technique and to present our preliminary results in a Mexican population.

METHODS
A 10-step summary of the UBE-TLIF operative technique was described, and the clinical and radiological results are presented and analyzed.

RESULTS
A total of 7 patients were treated. We observed the value of integrating navigation and endoscopic visualization when decompression had to be performed.

CONCLUSION
Together, intraoperative navigation and direct visualization through the endoscope may be a useful surgical tool for surgeons with experience in endoscopic spinal surgery.
In Situ Side-to-Side Pericallosal-Pericallosal Artery and Callosomarginal-Callosomarginal Artery Bypasses for Complex Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: A Technical Note
Authors: Acerbi Francesco , Vetrano Ignazio G , Falco Jacopo , Gioppo Andrea , Ciuffi Andrea , Ziliani Vanessa , Schiariti Marco , Broggi Morgan , Faragò Giuseppe , Ferroli Paolo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Despite surgical and endovascular technical improvements over the last decades, the treatment of complex aneurysms of the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is very challenging for both vascular neurosurgeons and interventional neuroradiologists. Furthermore, the interpersonal anatomic variability requires, most of the time, a tailored planning.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel technique of bypasses in the territory of ACA to protect the brain territory distal to the aneurysm.

METHODS
A 53-yr-old male with a large complex fusiform aneurysm of the left distal A2 segment of the ACA, involving the origin of the callosomarginal and pericallosal arteries, was judged not suitable for a single procedure (endovascular or neurosurgical). Two side-to-side bypasses were performed in a single surgery to connect the pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries of both sides, distally to the aneurysm. Subsequently, an endovascular embolization of the aneurysm was achieved with coils.

RESULTS
The patency of the microanastomoses, performed in the anterior interhemispheric fissure, was positively evaluated intraoperatively with indocyanine green and fluorescein videoangiography. The aneurysm sac, together with proximal A2 segment, was completely occluded with platinum coils. At the last follow-up, computed tomography angiography confirmed the patency of both bypasses, without any sign of aneurysm recanalization. The patients never complained of any focal neurological deficits or worsening of clinical status.

CONCLUSION
We present an elegant and innovative solution to completely protect the distal ACA territory in cases of complex aneurysm involving the origin of both callosomarginal and pericallosal arteries.
Brain Networks Sensitive to Object Novelty, Value, and Their Combination
Authors: Ghazizadeh Ali , Fakharian Mohammad Amin , Amini Arash , Griggs Whitney , Leopold David A , Hikosaka Okihide 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNovel and valuable objects are motivationally attractive for animals including primates. However, little is known about how novelty and value processing is organized across the brain. We used fMRI in macaques to map brain responses to visual fractal patterns varying in either novelty or value dimensions and compared the results with the structure of functionally connected brain networks determined at rest. The results show that different brain networks possess unique combinations of novelty and value coding. One network identified in the ventral temporal cortex preferentially encoded object novelty, whereas another in the parietal cortex encoded the learned value. A third network, broadly composed of temporal and prefrontal areas (TP network), along with functionally connected portions of the striatum, amygdala, and claustrum, encoded both dimensions with similar activation dynamics. Our results support the emergence of a common currency signal in the TP network that may underlie the common attitudes toward novel and valuable objects.
Structural Disconnection of the Tool Use Network after Left Hemisphere Stroke Predicts Limb Apraxia Severity
Authors: Garcea Frank E , Greene Clint , Grafton Scott T , Buxbaum Laurel J 
Published: July 2020

AbstractProducing a tool use gesture is a complex process drawing upon the integration of stored knowledge of tools and their associated actions with sensory–motor mechanisms supporting the planning and control of hand and arm actions. Understanding how sensory–motor systems in parietal cortex interface with semantic representations of actions and objects in the temporal lobe remains a critical issue and is hypothesized to be a key determinant of the severity of limb apraxia, a deficit in producing skilled action after left hemisphere stroke. We used voxel-based and connectome-based lesion-symptom mapping with data from 57 left hemisphere stroke participants to assess the lesion sites and structural disconnection patterns associated with poor tool use gesturing. We found that structural disconnection among the left inferior parietal lobule, lateral and ventral temporal cortices, and middle and superior frontal gyri predicted the severity of tool use gesturing performance. Control analyses demonstrated that reductions in right-hand grip strength were associated with motor system disconnection, largely bypassing regions supporting tool use gesturing. Our findings provide evidence that limb apraxia may arise, in part, from a disconnection between conceptual representations in the temporal lobe and mechanisms enabling skilled action production in the inferior parietal lobule.
Histopathology of Red Tattoo Reactions
Authors: van der Bent Sebastiaan , Oyen Ellen , Rustemeyer Thomas , Jaspars Lies , Hoekzema Rick 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Despite popularity of tattoos, complications may occur. In particular, red tattoo reactions due to allergic reactions are the most frequent chronic tattoo reactions. However, little is known about its histopathology and underlying pathomechanisms.

Objective:
The aim of this article is to analyze the histopathology of red tattoo reactions for diagnostic purposes and to acquire more insight into pathogenesis.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the histopathology of 74 skin biopsies of patients with allergic red tattoo reactions. Histopathological findings, such as inflammation patterns, inflammatory cells and pigment depth and color, were semi-quantified with an in-house validated scoring system by 2 independent senior investigators.

Results:
Histiocytes and lymphocytes were both present in >93%. Histiocytes were the predominant inflammatory cells in 74.3%, but well-defined granulomas were mostly absent (78.0%). Eosinophils were uncommon (8.1%) The predominantly histiocytic reaction combined with interface dermatitis was the main inflammation pattern (37.9%). Most biopsies showed more than one reaction pattern. Interface involvement was observed in 64.8%, despite the intended depth of standard tattoo procedures, in which pigment is placed deeper, in the upper- and mid-dermis. Statistical analyses showed a significant association between inflammation severity and pigment depth (P = 0.024). In 6 cases (8.1%) pigments could not be retrieved histologically.

Conclusions:
In this cohort we demonstrated that cutaneous reactions to red tattoo ink are frequently characterized by the combination of dermal predominantly histiocytic infiltrates and epidermal interface dermatitis. Allergic reactions to red tattoo pigments probably represent a combination of a subtype IVa and IVc allergic reaction. Clinicians should be aware of the specific histopathology of these reactions and therefore the importance of taking a diagnostic skin biopsy.
Desmoplastic Melanomas Mimicking Neurofibromas
Authors: Gerami Pedram , Kim Daniel , Zhang Bin , Compres Elsy V. , Khan Ayesha U. , Yazdan Pedram , Guitart Joan , Busam Klaus 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Desmoplastic melanoma can be difficult to diagnose and on average have a significantly higher T stage at the time of diagnosis compared with conventional melanomas. Histologically, these tumors typically consist of spindle cells in a fibrous matrix. The spindle cells may display fibroblast and/or Schwann cell–like features. In this study, we describe the features of 12 cases of desmoplastic melanoma closely simulating neurofibroma. Although the spindle cells in these tumors may be indistinguishable from those of neurofibroma, features such as prominent fibroplasia (12/12), poor lateral circumscription (8/9), diffuse infiltration of subcutaneous tissue (7/9), and lymphoid aggregates (10/12) may be helpful clues to the diagnosis. No immunohistochemical markers were reliable in distinguishing neurofibroma-like desmoplastic melanomas from neurofibroma. Clinical follow-up was available in 8 cases, of which 4 were initially misdiagnosed as benign neoplasms and given no further re-excision. All 4 of these cases recurred; 2 of which showed transformation to a more aggressive phenotype.
T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma/Leukemia Presenting as a Diffuse Viral Exanthem-like Reaction: A Clinical and Histopathological Challenge
Authors: Kwock Jessica M. , Kurpiel Brett , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract:
Cutaneous involvement by leukemia, or leukemia cutis, is a rare manifestation of leukemic disorders, most frequently occurring in children. The skin findings, which usually include multiple violaceous or erythematous nodules on the face, most often follow the classic presenting signs and symptoms of leukemia and occur in patients with an established primary diagnosis. Patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and associated leukemia cutis typically present with a solitary firm red to bluish nodule, often with an accompanying mediastinal mass, that can produce respiratory symptoms. In this article, we report a case of a patient with primary T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma presenting with a diffuse exanthem mimicking a viral illness with an associated SET-NUP214 translocation.
Drugs during lactation
Authors: Andersen Jon T. , Futtrup Tina Bergmann 
Published: July 2020

Summary
Since the thalidomide scandal in the 1960s use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation has often been associated with great uncertainty, since it can affect both the mother and the breastfed child. However, the concern may mistakenly lead to nonharmful drugs being attributed harmful adverse drug reactions leading to undertreatment of the mother of unnecessary discontinuation of breastfeeding. The safety of the most commonly used drugs in lactation is in the following being discussed. Furthermore, a practical guide to risk assessment and considerations when initiating a drug treatment is presented.
Association of phthalate exposure and endogenous hormones with self-reported sleep disruptions: results from the Midlife Women's Health Study
Authors: Hatcher Katherine M. , Smith Rebecca L. , Chiang Catheryne , Li Zhong , Flaws Jodi A. , Mahoney Megan M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol (E2) have been associated with sleep in midlife women, however, few studies have examined the association of other hormones or environmental chemical exposure such as phthalates, with self-reported sleep quality. We assessed the relationship of self-reported sleep with hormones and phthalates.

Methods:
In total, 762 women (aged 45-54 y, 459 premenopausal, and 303 perimenopausal) from the Midlife Women's Health Study answered self-reported questions regarding the frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. Serum E2, progesterone, testosterone, serum hormone binding globulin, free E2 index, free testosterone index, E2:progesterone, and E2:testosterone were measured. Summary measures of phthalate mixtures, including the phthalates from plastic sources (sumPLASTIC), personal care products (sumPCP), di-(2-ethyhexyl) phthalate (sumDEHP), anti-androgenic phthalates (sumAA), and all phthalate metabolites measured (sumALL), were calculated from urinary phthalate metabolites. Ordinal logistic regression was used to fit each outcome sleep measure with all hormones and summary phthalates.

Results:
Progesterone and testosterone were significantly negatively associated with the frequency of sleep disturbances and insomnia. Free testosterone index was also negatively associated with insomnia frequency. E2:progesterone was positively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances and restless sleep in self-reported nonsmokers. SumPCP and sumALL were significantly negatively associated with frequency of sleep disturbances, insomnia, and restless sleep. SumDEHP and sumPLASTIC were negatively associated with insomnia frequency. Further, the direction of association between phthalates and sleep appears to be dependent on the quartile of phthalate exposure. All significant associations between phthalates and sleep were in self-reported nonsmokers or former smokers.

Conclusions:
Our study supports previous literature that hormones beyond follicle-stimulating hormone and E2 are associated with sleep disruptions in menopause. Further, we are among the first to show that phthalate exposure is associated with sleep disruptions in midlife women.
LONG-TERM EFFECT OF CYSTOTOMY WITH OR WITHOUT THE FIBRINOGEN CLOT REMOVAL FOR REFRACTORY CYSTOID MACULAR EDEMA SECONDARY TO DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Imai Hisanori , Tetsumoto Akira , Yamada Hiroko , Hayashida Mayuka , Otsuka Keiko , Miki Akiko , Kusuhara Sentaro , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To show the long-term effect of cystotomy with or without fibrinogen clot removal for refractory cystoid macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
Retrospective analyses of the medical records of 30 eyes of 30 patients with refractory cystoid macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy who had followed up for 12 months after the surgery were performed.

Results:
There were 15 men and 15 women. The mean ± SD age was 68.4 ± 7.9 years. The best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) at 12 months after the surgery (0.33 ± 0.25, Snellen equivalent, 20/42) was statistically better than the preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (0.45 ± 0.33, Snellen equivalent, 20/56) (P < 0.01). The central sensitivity on microperimetry (dB) was not statistically changed between preoperatively (24.0 ± 4.9) and 12 months after the surgery (24.1 ± 4.0) (P = 0.75). The central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography (μm) at 12 months after the surgery (300.3 ± 99.0) was statistically improved compared with the preoperative central retinal thickness (565.6 ± 198.7) (P < 0.01). During the follow-up period, cystoid macular edema relapsed in seven of 30 eyes. The preoperative cystoid cavity reflectivity on optical coherence tomography in patients with fibrinogen clot removal (n = 16) was significantly higher than that in patients without fibrinogen clot removal (n = 14) (P < 0.04).

Conclusion:
The cystotomy with or without fibrinogen clot removal may be a promising treatment option for refractory cystoid macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy.
NATURAL HISTORY OF QUANTITATIVE AUTOFLUORESCENCE IN INTERMEDIATE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: von der Emde Leon , Guymer Robyn H. , Pfau Maximilian , Caruso Emily , Sivarajah Pyrawy , Hodgson Lauren A. B. , McGuinness Myra B. , Sloan Kenneth R. , Wu Zhichao 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To investigate differences in quantitative autofluorescence (qAF) imaging measurements between eyes with and without large drusen, and whether qAF measurements change over time in the eyes with large drusen.

Methods:
Eighty-five eyes from participants with bilateral large drusen and 51 eyes from healthy participants underwent qAF imaging at least once, and the age-related macular degeneration participants were reviewed 6-monthly. Normalized grey values at 9° to 11° eccentricity from the fovea were averaged to provide a summary measure of qAF values (termed qAF8).

Results:
In a multivariable model, qAF8 measurements were not significantly different between age-related macular degeneration eyes with large drusen and healthy eyes (P = 0.130), and qAF8 measurements showed a decline over time in the age-related macular degeneration eyes (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:
These findings add to the body of evidence that qAF levels are not increased in eyes with large drusen compared with healthy eyes, and qAF levels show a significant decline over time in the age-related macular degeneration eyes. These findings highlight how the relationship between qAF levels and retinal pigment epithelium health does not seem to be straightforward. Further investigation is required to better understand this relationship, especially if qAF levels are to be used as an outcome measure in intervention trials.
Possible Association Between Apremilast Therapy and Increased Tearing
Authors: Fraunfelder Frederick T. , Fraunfelder Frederick W. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate a possible association between apremilast and increased tearing.

Methods:
A retrospective observational case series in which reports from VigiBase, the World Health Organization global database of Individual Case Safety Reports, and the literature involving apremilast were evaluated by the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects for possible increased tearing.

Results:
A total of 45 cases of possible apremilast-induced increased tearing were identified. All patients were on the standard dose of 30 mg BID. There was no sex difference and ages ranged from 28 to 77 years with an average of 56 years ± 12. Time to onset of the increased tearing ranged from a few days to many months. There were 10 cases of positive dechallenge, 3 cases of positive rechallenge, and 1 case with double-positive rechallenge. In the cases with positive dechallenge and rechallenge, the increased tearing resolved as early as within 2 days after stopping the drug. Most cleared within 2 weeks. One case required 3 months for tearing to return to normal.

Conclusions:
Based on patterns and positive dechallenge and rechallenge data, apremilast possibly causes increased tearing on rare occasions.
Rothia Bacteremia
Authors: Gajdács Márió , Ábrók Marianna , Lázár Andrea , Burián Katalin 
Published: July 2020

Background
The genus Rothia are nonmotile, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, non–spore-forming Gram-positive cocci, which are considered low-grade pathogens with relatively few known virulence determinants.

Methods
During our retrospective, single-center cohort study, microbiological data were collected corresponding to the 12-year period (January 1, 200 to December 31, 2017), at the Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged.

Results
A total of 37 individual Rothia isolates were identified (3.1 ± 1.9/years; range, 0–6 isolates), 28 were Rothia dentocariosa, 9 were Rothia mucilaginosa. The affected patients presented with a slight female dominance (21 of 37; female/male ratio, 1:31); the median age of the affected patients was 57 years (range, 1–86 years). In the majority of blood cultures (n = 22), Rothia species were the only isolated microorganisms. All of the tested strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and rifampicin.

Conclusions

Rothia species may readily be misidentified as staphylococci, streptococci, or corynebacteria, both the clinical microbiologists and physicians should be aware of the possible etiological role of these microorganisms during their clinical practice, especially if the relevant risk factors are present in these patients.