bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective clinical trial of masitinib mesylate treatment for advanced stage III and IV canine malignant melanoma
Authors: Giuliano A. , Dobson J. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate efficacy of masitinib mesylate for the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma in dogs.Materials and MethodsProspective clinical trial on 17 dogs with stage III and IV malignant melanoma (two digital, one anal and 14 oral mucosal). Only dogs with advanced gross disease for which the owner declined conventional treatment or dogs with progressive tumour despite conventional treatment were included.ResultsThere was a partial response in two dogs, stable disease in seven and tumour progression in eight dogs. Median survival time for all 17 dogs was 119 days (range 21–255). Masitinib was generally well‐tolerated but grade 2 anaemia, grade 1 neutropenia, grade 1 diarrhoea and grade 2 anorexia were observed in one dog each.Clinical SignificanceThere was only mild effectiveness in end‐stage disease, indicating that masitinib mesylate is not an appropriate sole‐agent option for treatment of advanced malignant melanoma in dogs.
The effects of polydisperse crowders on the compaction of theEscherichia colinucleoid
Authors: Yang Da , Männik Jaana , Retterer Scott T. , Männik Jaan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDNA binding proteins, supercoiling, macromolecular crowders, and transient DNA attachments to the cell membrane have all been implicated in the organization of the bacterial chromosome. However, it is unclear what role these factors play in compacting the bacterial DNA into a distinct organelle‐like entity, the nucleoid. By analyzing the effects of osmotic shock and mechanical squeezing onEscherichia coli, we show that macromolecular crowders play a dominant role in the compaction of the DNA into the nucleoid. We find that a 30% increase in the crowder concentration from physiological levels leads to a three‐fold decrease in the nucleoid's volume. The compaction is anisotropic, being higher along the long axes of the cell at low crowding levels. At higher crowding levels, the nucleoid becomes spherical, and its compressibility decreases significantly. Furthermore, we find that the compressibility of the nucleoid is not significantly affected by cell growth rates and by prior treatment with rifampicin. The latter results point out that in addition to poly ribosomes, soluble cytoplasmic proteins have a significant contribution in determining the size of the nucleoid. The contribution of poly ribosomes dominates at faster and soluble proteins at slower growth rates.
Between health and death: The intense emotional pain experienced by transplant nurses
Authors: Tarabeih Mahdi , Bokek‐Cohen Ya'arit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile extensive scholarship has been dedicated to the emotional experiences of transplant patients, little is known about the emotional experiences of transplant co‐ordinators. Semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews conducted with ten transplant co‐ordinators who have worked for more than 20 years in this job. The transplant co‐ordinators spoke of negative feelings and moral distress with regard to futile care of deceased donor family members as well as of living donors. Transplant co‐ordinators experience intense negative feelings, emotional pain, and moral distress on a daily basis. Transplant co‐ordinators play a pivotal role in the process of obtaining consent for live or dead donation of organ; however, their well‐being and job satisfaction are impaired by contradictions between their moral values and the tasks they are instructed to perform. The study exposes the silent emotional suffering of transplant co‐ordinators; main findings show that the transplant co‐ordinators are torn between contradictory expectations and a gap between values and praxis. It is recommended to offer them training and support for the sake of their retention.
Clinical features and disturbances of gastrointestinal transit in patients with rapid gastric emptying
Authors: Kuwelker Saatchi , Muthyala Anjani , O’Connor Michael , Bharucha Adil E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsSome patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms have rapid gastric emptying (GE). We aimed to compare patients with normal and rapid GE and to identify phenotypes among patients with rapid GE.MethodsAmong 2798 patients who underwent GE scintigraphy, we compared patients with normal and rapid GE and separately, patients with rapid GE at 1 hour (GE1), 2 hours (GE2), or both (GE12).ResultsIn 2798 patients, GE was normal (74%), delayed (18%), or rapid (8%). Among 211 patients with rapid GE, patterns were rapid GE1 (48%), 2 hours (17%), or 1 and 2 hours (35%); 42 (20%) had diseases that explain rapid GE. A combination of upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (54%) was more common that isolated upper (17%) or lower (28%) gastrointestinal symptoms (P < .001). Constipation was more prevalent in patients with rapid GE 2 (72%) than rapid GE 1 (47%) or rapid GE12 hours (67%) (P < .05). Among 179 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, 15% had rapid GE, which was not associated with the DM phenotype. By multivariable analysis, insulin therapy (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15‐0.88), and weight loss (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01‐0.78) were associated with a lower risk of rapid than normal GE in DM.ConclusionsEight percent of patients undergoing scintigraphy had rapid GE, which is most frequently associated with upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms; constipation is common. Insulin therapy and weight loss were associated with a lower risk of rapid than normal GE in DM patients.
Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms isolated in a bull semen stud
Authors: Goularte Karina L. , Voloski Flávia L. S. , Redú Josiara F. M. , Ferreira Carlos E. R. , Vieira Arnaldo D. , Duval Eduarda H. , Mondadori Rafael G. , Lucia Thomaz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMany microorganisms from various sources may be present in ejaculates of bulls. This study identified and isolated bacteria from bull sperm samples in a commercial stud and evaluated their resistance to antibiotics. The number of colony‐forming units was determined in semen samples collected at distinct steps during freezing and thawing. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration were determined for four antibiotics commonly used in commercial studs. A total of 135 microorganisms from 25 genera were isolated. After a sensitivity test, all evaluated microorganisms (n = 55) were resistant to penicillin and most of them were resistant to tylosin and lincomycin (n = 54). Resistance to all tested antibiotics was observed in 22% of all isolates, whereas only 3.9% of the isolates were inhibited by the tested antibiotics at the concentrations recommended by the international legislation. As the isolated microorganisms presented high resistance to frequently used antibiotics, sensitivity tests should be periodically conducted in commercial bull semen studs to prevent the use of contaminated semen in artificial insemination.
How Poor Were Quebec and Canada During the 1840s?
Authors: Geloso Vincent , Macera Gonzalo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article uses the censuses of 1842 of Canada East (modern‐day Quebec) and Canada West (modern‐day Ontario) to help explain the historical differences in living standards between Canada and the United States. The wage and price data contained in the censuses suggest a gap of 42 percent between Canada East and Canada West. We argue that Canada East was substantially poorer than the rest of Canada and, as it represented such a large proportion of the total population of the initial four Canadian provinces (over 35 percent), that relative poverty weighed heavily in determining the extent of differences in living standards between Canada and the United States. These findings change the perspective on the roots of the differences between the two countries. We propose that any research agenda trying to explain those differences should focus heavily on Quebec.
Overexpression of the persimmon abscisic acid β‐glucosidase gene (DkBG1) alters fruit ripening in transgenic tomato
Authors: Liang Bin , Zheng Yu , Wang Juan , Zhang Wenbo , Fu Ying , Kai Wenbin , Xu Yandan , Yuan Bing , Li Qian , Leng Ping 
Published: January 2020

Summaryβ‐Glucosidases (BG) are present in many plant tissues. Among these, abscisic acid (ABA) β‐glucosidases are thought to take part in the adjustment of cellular ABA levels, however the role of ABA‐BG in fruits is still unclear. In this study, through RNA‐seq analysis of persimmon fruit, 10 full‐length DkBG genes were isolated and were all found to be expressed. In particular, DkBG1 was highly expressed in persimmon fruits with a maximum expression 95 days after full bloom (DAFD). We verified that, in vitro, DkBG1 protein can hydrolyze ABA‐glucose ester (ABA‐GE) to release free ABA. Compared with wild‐type, tomato plants that overexpressed DkBG1 significantly upregulated the expression of ABA receptor PYL3/7 genes and showed typical symptoms of ABA hypersensitivity in fruits. DkBG1 overexpression (DkBG1‐OE) accelerated fruit ripening onset by 3–4 days by increasing ABA levels at the pre‐breaker stage and induced early ethylene release compared with wild‐type fruits. DkBG1‐OE altered the expression of ripening regulator NON‐RIPENING (NOR) and its target genes; this in turn altered fruit quality traits such as coloration. Our results demonstrated that DkBG1 plays an important role in fruit ripening and quality by adjusting ABA levels via hydrolysis of ABA‐GE.
Co-Simulation of Multibody Systems With Contact Using Reduced Interface Models
Authors: Peiret Albert , González Francisco , Kövecses József , Teichmann Marek 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Co-simulation techniques enable the coupling of physically diverse subsystems in an efficient and modular way. Communication between subsystems takes place at discrete-time instants and is limited to a given set of coupling variables, while the internals of each subsystem remain undisclosed and are generally not accessible to the rest of the simulation environment. In noniterative co-simulation schemes, commonly used in real-time applications, this may lead to the instability of the numerical integration. The stability of the integration in these cases can be enhanced using interface models, i.e., reduced representations of one or more subsystems that provide physically meaningful input values to the other subsystems between communication points. This work describes such an interface model that can be used to represent nonsmooth mechanical systems subjected to unilateral contact and friction. The dynamics of the system is initially formulated as a mixed linear complementarity problem (MLCP), from which the effective mass and force terms of the interface model are derived. These terms account for contact detachment and stick–slip transitions, and can also include constraint regularization in case of redundancy in the system. The performance of the proposed model is shown in several challenging examples of noniterative multirate co-simulation schemes of a mechanical system with hydraulic components, which feature faster dynamics than the multibody subsystem. Using an interface model improves simulation stability and allows for larger integration step-sizes, thus resulting in a more efficient simulation.
Numerical Analysis of Temperature Uniformity of Liquid Cooling Based Battery Module With Incremental Heat Transfer Area
Authors: Tang Zhiguo , Gao Qin , Li Jie , Cheng Jianping 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Battery thermal management (BTM) has an important significance for electronic vehicles to keep them operating in a reasonable temperature range and reduce local temperature differences. In this study, a novel structure of liquid cooling-based lithium-ion battery module with a variable contact area of heat-conductive blocks is proposed. Three-dimensional transient simulations are carried out to investigate the thermal performance of the proposed structure. The effects of block height, height gradient, and inlet velocity are discussed. The results indicate that simply increasing the height of heat-conductive blocks could have a negative effect on cooling performance and that a variable heat transfer area could efficiently improve the temperature uniformity of the battery module. In addition, the thermal performance of the proposed battery module is sensitive to inlet velocity, but the positive effect can be decreased when the velocity is adequately increased. The temperature difference (ΔT) of the battery module with a variable contact area can achieve below 4 °C, and its reduced percentage can be 47.7% compared with that of the module with a consistent contact area when the inlet velocity is 0.2 m/s.
Impact of Partial Slip on Magneto-Ferrofluids Mixed Convection Flow in Enclosure
Authors: Chamkha Ali J. , Rashad A. M. , Alsabery A. I. , Abdelrahman Z. M. A. , Nabwey Hossam A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Magneto-ferrofluid mixed convection flow inside a lid-driven square cavity with partial slip is investigated numerically using the finite volume method. The vertical walls of the enclosure are heated partially by a constant temperature, while the horizontal moving walls are kept adiabatic. The square enclosure is filled with a mixture of kerosene–cobalt ferrofluids. The numerical computations are obtained for various parameters of the heat source length, position of the heat source, Hartmann number, Richardson number, fraction ferromagnetic particles, and constant movement parameter. It is shown that the transfer rate is clearly affected by the augmentation of the ferromagnetic particles volume fraction under the influence of a relative magnetic field and by the opposite-direction horizontal walls movement.
Performance Comparison of Enthalpy Recovery Devices Using Liquid Desiccant and Desiccant Wheel
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Xiaohua , Xie Ying 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heat recovery between outdoor air and indoor exhaust air is an effective approach for energy-saving in the air-conditioning system. Performances of enthalpy recovery devices using liquid desiccant (LD) and desiccant wheel (DW) are compared in the present study. Effects of key factors including desiccant flow rate, number of transfer units (NTUm), and air inlet parameters on recovery performance are analyzed. There exists the same ideal recovery efficiency with a given NTUm for these two kinds of devices. However, an optimal solution flow rate could be achieved for enthalpy recovery device using LD, while a higher rotation speed leads to a higher recovery efficiency for that using DW. Recovery efficiencies of the two devices increase with the increase in NTUm, while they have different ranges of NTUm. NTUm of the DW is usually superior to that of the LD, due to the material difference. Then, the optimum methods to improve recovery efficiency of the two devices are clarified, i.e., increasing NTUm for an enthalpy recovery device using LD and choosing a reasonable rotation speed for that using DW, respectively. The present research will be beneficial to cast light on the relation between enthalpy recovery devices using LD and DW.
Experimental Investigation on Turning of Monel K500 Alloy Using Nano Graphene Cutting Fluid Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication
Authors: Kulandaivel Arul , Santhanam Senthil Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Turning operation is one of the most commonly used machining processes. However, turning of high strength materials involves high heat generation which, in turn, results in undesirable characteristics such as increased tool wear, irregular chip formation, minor variations in physical properties etc. In order to overcome these, synthetic coolants are used and supplied in excess quantities (flood type). The handling and disposal of excess coolants are tedious and relatively expensive. In this proposed work, Water Soluble Cutting Oil suspended with nanoparticles (Graphene) is used in comparatively less quantities using Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) method to improve the quality of machining. The testing was done on Turning operation of Monel K500 considering the various parameters such as the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut for obtaining a surface roughness of 0.462μm and cutting tool temperature of 55°C for MQL-GO (Graphene oxide) process.
Enhancement of Drying Rate of Moist Porous Media With Electrohydrodynamically Assisted Slot Jet Reattachment Nozzle: A Numerical Study
Authors: Yang Mengqiao , Yagoobi Jamal , Tilley Burt 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Drying of moist porous media, such as food or pulp and paper, is an energy-intensive process. Innovative impinging jet nozzles, for instance, radial jet reattachment (RJR) and slot jet reattachment (SJR) nozzles, have been proved to be one of the efficient methods to enhance the drying rate compared to traditional in-line jet and slot jet nozzles. However, the heat and mass transfer in the region immediately underneath these nozzles are relatively inefficient. In this work, the performance of the SJR nozzle is improved by the application of electrical field, specifically, ionic wind generated in the region directly between the nozzle exit and the exposed surface of moist porous material. The numerical model is based on the coupled flow field generated by electrohydrodynamically (EHD) assisted SJR nozzle with the heat and mass transfer taking place within the moist porous media during the drying process. The simulation results show a significant secondary flow induced under the nozzle due to the ionic wind. Up to 40% drying rate enhancement has been achieved. However, the enhancement of drying rate diminishes as the air exit velocity exceeds a certain threshold. The simulation results illustrate the detailed fundamental understanding of this conjugated problem and provide a foundation for the enhancement of convective drying of moist porous materials.
Thermoelastic Response of Functionally Graded Fiber-Reinforced Rotating Disk With Non-Uniform Thickness Profile Under Variable Angular Velocity
Authors: Nayeb-Hashemi Hamid , Zheng Yue , Vaziri Ashkan , Olia Masoud 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Displacement and stress fields in a functionally graded (FG) fiber-reinforced rotating annular disk with a non-uniform thickness profile, subjected to angular deceleration and a temperature profile were investigated. Unidirectional fibers were considered to be circumferentially distributed within the disk with fiber volume fraction changing radially. The governing equations for displacement, stress, and temperature fields were solved using finite difference method. The results indicated that thermal induced stresses were more dominate than the rotational induced stresses. Disks which were fiber rich at the inner radius, the fibers made negligible difference on the displacement and stress fields when compared to a homogenous disk made from the matrix material. In addition, it was found that the deceleration magnitude had no effect on the radial and hoop stresses, nor the temperature on the developed shear stress. The shear stress was only affected by the disk deceleration. Tsai-Wu failure criterion was applied for decelerating disks to ascertain their failure behavior. The results show that Tsai-Wu failure index is dominated by the thermal stresses.
Fabrication and Characterization of the Recycling of Composite Palm Materials, Shell, Leaves and Branches in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alhummidy G. Almotery Khaled , Saeed M. Alsaiari Waleed , Abdulrahman Y. Alyoussef Yazeed , Farraj M. Alsahli Mohammad , Mohammed O. Alharbi Meshal , M. A. A. El-Bagory Tarek , Alarifi Ibrahim M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Palm wood can be classified into three categories: leaves, branches and core-shell, and all of these were studied. Recycled composite materials are promising in the innovation field since some microstructures have unique characterization and noble applications. The micro mill used grinded the recycled materials into micro size particles approximately 20μm. SEM + EDX spectroscopy was used to analyze and indicate the morphology of the micro particle composite material’s composition content. The SEM results demonstrate the composite homogeneity. XRD analysis was conducted and showed the structural properties of the recycled composite materials examined. The recycled material was transferred into micro size particles encased by the properties of resin mixed with epoxy, this led to promising composite materials. FITR spectroscopy analysis revealed a distinct interaction between the polymer chain and the band positions. The mechanical analysis was conducted based on the recycled materials’ application. The mechanical properties were observed during the tests and reflected in the structure of the material and its uses. This project aimed to determine the possibility of efficiently recycling composite. The significant increase in demand around the world, and the increased use of composite materials in different industries, has consequently led to positive results for the production waste.
Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Soil Cutting and Transportation During Auger Drilling Operation
Authors: Abdeldayem Mohamed A. A. , Mabrouk Mohamed H. , Abo-Elnor Mootaz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Soil drilling operation has become one of the most important interest to researchers due to its many applications in engineering systems. Auger drilling is one of the ideal methods in many applications such as pile foundation engineering, sampling test for geological sciences and space. However, the dominant factor in determination of drilling parameters is real drilling operations experience, which may cause transportation blocking of chips that leads to accidents. As a result, soil drilling process using auger drilling is studied to obtain the controlling parameters and to optimize these parameters to improve drilling performance which enables proper selection of machine for a required job. One of the main challenges that faces researchers during using of modelling techniques to define the soil drilling problem is the complex nonlinear behaviour of the drilled medium itself due to its discontinuity and heterogeneous formation. This paper presents two models that can be used to predict the total resistive forces which affect the auger during soil drilling operation. The first proposed model discusses the problem analytically in a way that depends on empirical data that can be collected from previous experience while the second model discusses the problem numerically with less depending on empirical experienced data. The analytical model is developed using Matlab® interface while the numerical model is developed using discrete element method via EDEM® software. A simplified auger drilling machine is built in the soil-tool interaction laboratory, Military Technical College to obtain experimental results that can be used to verify the presented models. Data acquisition measuring system is established to obtain experimental results using a Labview® program. This program enables displaying and recording the measured data collected mainly from transducers planted in the test rig. Both Analytical and numerical models results are compared to experimental values to aid in developing the presented parametric study that can be used to define the working parameters during drilling operations in different types of soils.