bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual variability and sex differences in conditioned pain modulation and the impact of resilience, and conditioning stimulus pain unpleasantness and salience
Authors: Firouzian Shahrzad , Osborne Natalie R. , Cheng Joshua C. , Kim Junseok A. , Bosma Rachael L. , Hemington Kasey S. , Rogachov Anton , Davis Karen D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Distinct pain experiences are shaped both by personal attributes and characteristics of noxious stimuli. An Individual's capacity for endogenous pain inhibition (reflected by conditioned pain modulation [CPM]), their resilience, and the pain unpleasantness and salience of painful stimuli can impact their pain perception. Here, we aimed to determine how individual variability in CPM relates to sex and resilience as personal attributes, and pain unpleasantness and salience of the CPM conditioning stimulus (CS). We evaluated CPM in 106 healthy participants (51 female and 55 male) based on the change in test stimulus pain applied concurrently with a painful CS, both delivered by painful heat. The CS reduced test stimulus pain in only half of the participants (CPM subgroup), but did not do so for the other half (no-CPM subgroup), many who exhibited pain facilitation. A regression model explained CPM effects after accounting for sex, resilience, CS pain unpleasantness and salience. In the CPM subgroup regression model, the CPM effect was positively related to CS pain unpleasantness, while the CPM effect was not related to any variable in the no-CPM subgroup model. Correlation analyses revealed that the CPM effect was anticorrelated with resilience in males with no-CPM. The CPM effect was correlated with CS pain unpleasantness in males with CPM and in females with no-CPM. The CPM effect and CS salience were correlated in the whole group more strongly than in the subgroups. These data reveal that the complexity of contributors to CPM variability include both personal attributes and attributes of the CS.
Catechin inhibiting the H1N1 influenza virus associated with the regulation of autophagy
Authors: Chang Cheng-Chieh , You Huey-Ling , Huang Sheng-Teng 
Published: March 2020

Background:
The influenza virus is a highly infectious disease, with a notably rapid transmission rate. Autophagy is triggered by viral infection and is a survival mechanism exerted to maintain cellular homeostasis. Catechin is a representative phenolic acid which exerts anti-inflammatory responses against influenza A virus infection. The aim of this study is to explore the anti–H1N1 influenza virus effects by catechin associated with the restoration of autophagy.

Methods:
XTT assay was used to detect cellular viability. The inhibitory effects on the H1N1 influenza virus were assessed by hemagglutination assay, neuraminidase activity, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein levels of H1N1 influenza virulence and autophagic markers were detected by Western blot.

Results:
We herein demonstrated that catechin had no cytotoxic effect on both infected and noninfected A549 cells and exerted protective effects on infected A549 cells. The results of the hemagglutination assay, neuraminidase activity, and qRT-PCR to examine viral load demonstrated that catechin effectively inhibited the replication of the H1N1 influenza virus. The virulent M2 protein and viral nucleoprotein were also inhibited after treatment with catechin. As for the autophagic markers, the LC3B protein was notably decreased by catechin in a dose-dependent manner, while the amount of autophagic vacuoles in H1N1 influenza virus–infected cells also decreased after catechin treatment in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion:
Collectively, the autophagy activated by the H1N1 influenza virus could be reversed after catechin treatment. This study indicates that catechin effectively inhibits H1N1 viral proliferation and thus may be applied as an adjuvant in future clinical application.
Patient Safety Over Power Hierarchy: A Scoping Review of Healthcare Professionals' Speaking-up Skills Training
Authors: Kim Sara , Appelbaum Nital P. , Baker Neil , Bajwa Nadia M. , Chu Frances , Pal Jay D. , Cochran Nancy E. , Bochatay Naike 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Communication failures in healthcare constitute a major root cause of adverse events and medical errors. Considerable evidence links failures to raise concerns about patient harm in a timely manner with errors in medication administration, hygiene and isolation, treatment decisions, or invasive procedures. Expressing one's concern while navigating the power hierarchy requires formal training that targets both the speaker's emotional and verbal skills and the receiver's listening skills. We conducted a scoping review to examine the scope and components of training programs that targeted healthcare professionals' speaking-up skills. Out of 9,627 screened studies, 14 studies published between 2005 and 2018 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the existing training exclusively relied on one-time training, mostly in simulation settings, involving subjects from the same profession. In addition, most studies implicitly referred to positional power as defined by titles; few addressed other forms of power such as personal resources (e.g., expertise, information). Almost none addressed the emotional and psychological dimensions of speaking up. The existing literature provides limited evidence identifying effective training components that positively affect speaking-up behaviors and attitudes. Future opportunities include examining the role of healthcare professionals' conflict engagement style or leaders' behaviors as factors that promote speaking-up behaviors.
Time-based Assessment of Hearing Preservation Rates After Microsurgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannomas: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hunt Anastasia A. , Cass Nathan D. , Coughlin Adam , Gubbels Samuel P. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To determine short- and intermediate-term hearing preservation rates after microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannoma (VS).

Data Sources:
Systematic review of the Ovid, Cochrane, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases.

Study Selection:
This study was restricted to full-text English-language articles detailing VS resection via the middle cranial fossa or retrosigmoid approaches. Documentation of pre- and posttreatment hearing outcomes with American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Gardner-Robertson, or word recognition score scales, as well as time to follow-up were required. Duplicate data sets, studies with >10% of patients with neurofibromatosis two, previous or nonsurgical VS treatment, case reports with <five patients, or studies detailing decompressive surgery were excluded.

Data Extraction:
Two authors independently performed full-text reviews to determine study eligibility. Discrepancies were settled by consensus. “Class A/B, I/II” hearing was defined as AAO-HNS Class A or B, Gardner-Robertson Class 1 or 2, or PTA ≤ 50 dB with word recognition score ≥ 50% on audiogram.

Data Synthesis:
Pooled estimates of preserved Class A/B, I/II hearing at last postoperative follow-up.

Conclusions:
Of 1323 reports, 14 were utilized in analyses yielding data from 2,977 patients. Mean follow-up was 52.5 months (SD = 19.9). Class A/B, 1/2 hearing was preserved at last follow-up in 57% of patients. Meta-regression revealed that resection through the middle cranial fossa was associated with preservation of serviceable hearing. Moreover, when preserved in the immediate postoperative period, it seems to be stable over time.
Lateral Wall Electrodes Increase the Rate of Postactivation Nonauditory Percepts
Authors: Kaufman Adam C. , Naples James G. , Bigelow Douglas C. , Eliades Steven J. , Brant Jason A. , Kaufman Hannah S. , Ruckenstein Michael J. 
Published: March 2020

Objective:
To evaluate factors influencing the development of nonauditory percepts and facial nerve stimulation after cochlear implant (CI) activation.

Study:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Over the course of 5 years, 433 consecutive patients were evaluated for CI and 518 ears were implanted. Of those, 497 ears had information regarding CI activation.

Interventions:
Lateral wall electrodes (LWE) or perimodiolar/mid-scalar electrodes (PME) were used during implantation.

Primary Outcome Measure:
Nonauditory percepts and facial nerve stimulation after activation of CI.

Results:
Among the 497 devices, which were activated at our institution, 357 (72%) had LWE while 140 (28%) patients had a PME. Of the patients with LWE, 49 (13.7%) patients experienced some form of nonauditory percept. In comparison, 11 (9.2%) patients with a PME had some form of nonauditory percept (p < 0.05). Among the patients who had an LWE, 33 (9.2%) patients had facial nerve stimulation compared with 6 (4.3%) patients with PME (p < 0.05). Additionally, there were 11 (2.2%) patients with incomplete insertion of the electrode who had a significant increase (p < 0.05) in facial nerve stimulation. The mean number of electrodes requiring programming modification to control symptoms was 2.9.

Conclusions:
The use of LWE and incomplete insertions significantly increase the rate of nonauditory percepts and FNS after activation of CIs. Otic capsule anomalies are an independent risk factor for both.
Dermoid cyst with secretion of CA 19-9 detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Lin Sheng-Che , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Chen Yen-Kung 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor glycolipid, frequently elevated in the serum of patients due to malignancies from gastrointestinal organs; in particular, the pancreas. This carbohydrate antigen is also expressed in benign diseases.

Patient concerns:
A case of a 27-year-old female who has an unknown origin CA 19-9 elevation for 2 years.

Diagnosis:
After the left ovarian cystectomy and microscopic examination, the final diagnosis is a dermoid cyst. The dermoid cyst shows increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in the 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) study.

Intervention and outcomes:
The laparoscopic oophorocystectomy was performed. It was observed that the patient's CA 19-9 level returned to normal after the surgery 6 months later. This showed that the dermoid cyst was responsible for the abnormal CA 19-9 level.

Conclusion:
In this case, we can learn that the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan has potential use in patients with unknown origin of elevation CA 19-9.
Traumatic laser in situ keratomileusis flap dislocation with epithelial ingrowth, Propionibacterium acnes infection, and diffuse lamellar keratitis
Authors: Chang Yung-Ching , Lee Yuan-Chieh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Traumatic flap dislocation might occur anytime after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), but it is rarely concomitantly complicated with epithelial ingrowth, infectious keratitis, and diffuse lamellar keratitis altogether. Here we report a case of traumatic LASIK flap inversion with epithelial ingrowth, Propionibacterium acnes infection, and diffuse lamellar keratitis.

Patient concerns:
A 42-year-old man receiving bilateral LASIK surgery 10 years ago complained of right eye pain for 6 days after twig injury. Temporal flap inversion with epithelial ingrowth and dense infiltration at the interface were noted.

Diagnoses:
Traumatic LASIK flap inversion with epithelial ingrowth, Propionibacterium acnes infection and diffuse lamellar keratitis.

Interventions:
Removal of corneal epithelium around the flap inversion site, flap lifting, scraping of epithelial ingrowth, removal of the dense infiltrate, alcohol soaking, interface irrigation with antibiotics, and flap reposition were performed. Diffuse lamellar keratitis was noted postoperatively. Culture of the infiltrate revealed P acnes. The infiltrate subsided and the cornea cleared up under topical antibiotics and steroid.

Outcomes:
The visual acuity returned to 20/20. No recurrent epithelial ingrowth or infiltrate was noted during the follow-up.

Lessons:
This is the first report of Propionibacterium acnes keratitis after traumatic flap inversion. Although epithelial ingrowth, infectious keratitis, and diffuse lamellar keratitis all developed after the flap inversion, early recognition and proper intervention lead to a good result without sequels.
Clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with spontaneous reperfusion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Jian , He Song-yuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristics of patients with spontaneous reperfusion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
A total of 519 patients with STEMI were enrolled in this study, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatments at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the TIMI flow grade before primary PCI, the non-spontaneous reperfusion group (TIMI flow grade 0–II) and the spontaneous reperfusion group (TIMI flow grade III). The incidence rate, the clinically relevant factors, and the features of the coronary angiographic lesions of spontaneous reperfusion from the 2 groups were recorded and analyzed.
There were significant differences between the 2 groups in age, CTnI peak value, high thrombus burden, and locations of lesions in the distant of left anterior descending artery (LAD) (P = .000, .000, .002, .000, and .003, respectively). However, there were no significant differences between the groups in other clinic aspects including gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, hyperlipemia, angina pectoris history, culprit vessel distribution, lesion distribution in left circumflex artery (LCX) and right coronary artery (RCA), and collateral circulation (P > .05 for all).
Compared to the patients without spontaneous reperfusion, patients with spontaneous reperfusion were younger in age, lower in CTnI peak value, and higher in thrombosis burden, with culprit lesions mostly located in the distant of LAD.
Platelet activity with hemoglobin level in patients with hemodialysis
Authors: Kim Jae Min , Kim Jin Sug , Kim Hyung Oh , Lee So Ra , Rhew Jae Hwan , Woo Jong Shin , Cho Jang Hyun , Jeong Kyung Hwan , Kim Weon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
VerifyNow (VN; Accumetrics, San Diego, CA) P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) has an inverse relation with hemoglobin level (Hb). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with low response to clopidogrel and low Hb. Our aim is to investigate the relation between PRU and Hb, and to assess whether Hb directly affects PRU or not in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods:
We analyzed the relation between PRU and Hb in 43 HD patients and compared it with a control group of 127 patients with normal renal function. Both groups underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for stable coronary artery disease. We also compared PRU between the 2 groups considering Hb as a confounding factor.

Results:
In the control group, Hb and PRU showed a significant inverse correlation (correlation coefficient r = −0.340; P < .001), but not in the HD group (correlation coefficient r = −0.099; P = .53). PRU was higher in the HD group than the control group after adjusting for the influence of Hb (299.2 [95% confidence interval: 278.4–316.7] vs 248.7 [95% confidence interval: 227.7–269.0]; P < .001), even after propensity score matching (299.2 [95% confidence interval: 278.4–316.7] vs 241.7 [95% confidence interval: 221.8–262.2]; P < .001).

Conclusions:
PRU was higher regardless of lower Hb in CKD on HD patients than normal renal function patients. Therefore, Hb was not crucial factor to decide PRU in CKD on HD patients in this study.
Physician characteristics correlate with hospital readmission rates
Authors: Skolka Michael , Lehman Erik , Khalid Muhammad , Hennrikus Eileen 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Hospital readmission rates are used as a metric to measure quality patient care. While several tools predict readmissions based on patient-specific characteristics, this study assesses if physician characteristics correlate with hospital readmission rates.
In a 5-year retrospective electronic record review at a single institution, 31 internal medicine attending physicians’ discharges were tracked for a total of 70 physician years, and 15,933 hospital discharges. Each physician's yearly 7-day, 8 to 30-day, and 30-day readmission rates were compared. Each rate was also correlated with years of post-graduate clinical experience, discharge volume, physician sex, and fiscal year.
Individual physicians had significantly different 7-day, 8 to 30-day, and 30-day readmission rates from each other. The rates were not related to sex, years after post-graduate training, or fiscal year. However, physician patient volume correlated with 7-day readmission rates. Physicians who discharged ≤100 patients per year had a higher 7-day readmission rate than physicians who discharged >100 patients per year. This correlation with patient volume did not hold for the 8 to 30-day and 30-day readmission rates.
Individual physicians differ in their patient readmission rates in 7-day, 8 to 30-day, and 30-day categories. A critical level of a physician's hospital activity, as reflected by the number of patient discharges per year (>100), results in lower 7-day readmission rates. Sex, post-graduate years of clinical experience, and fiscal year did not play a role. The lack of correlation between each physicians’ 7-day and 8 to 30-day readmission rates suggests that different physician factors are involved in these 2 rates.
Metformin therapy and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Qing-Qing , Li Wen-Shan , Liu Zhou , Zhang Hui-Li , Ba Ying-Gui , Zhang Rui-Xia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. The relationship between metformin therapy and cognitive function in patients with T2D is unknown. Therefore, we determined the relationship between metformin therapy and cognitive function in patients with T2D using a meta-analysis.

Methods:
We systematically searched the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Embase to identify studies showing correlations, and we calculated hazard ratios (HRs).

Results:
We identified 10 studies including 254,679 participants. Metformin significantly reduced the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2D (HR 0.90; 95% CI [0.88, 0.92]). Compared with other hypoglycemic drugs, sulfonylureas also improved cognitive dysfunction (HR 0.92; 95% CI [0.88, 0.95]). Thiazolidinediones gave no statistically significant improvement in cognitive dysfunction (HR 0.97; 95% CI [0.87, 1.07]). The use of insulin aggravated cognitive dysfunction (HR 1.34; 95% CI [1.24, 1.43]). In the subgroup analysis of various regions controlling for age, gender, education, diabetes course, complications, metformin administration and dosage, and follow-up time, metformin significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in patients in the Americas and Europe (HR 0.69; 95% CI [0.63, 0.74]), (HR 0.71; 95% CI [0.66, 0.76], respectively), while metformin did not significantly improve cognitive dysfunction in Asian patients (HR 0.99; 95% CI [0.96, 1.01]).

Conclusions:
Metformin significantly improved cognitive dysfunction in patients with T2D. Sulfonylureas also improved cognitive dysfunction. Thiazolidinediones had no significant effect on cognitive dysfunction. The use of insulin aggravated cognitive dysfunction. Metformin improved cognitive dysfunction more significantly in patients in the Americas and Europe than in Asia.
Dose-response association of resting heart rate and hypertension in adults
Authors: Shen Lijun , Wang Yuming , Jiang Xuesong , Ren Yongcheng , Han Chengyi , Yang Yongguang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
The association of resting heart rate (RHR) and hypertension in adults is unclear. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of cohort studies to clarify the association.

Methods:
We searched PubMed and Embase from their inception to November 3, 2017, for published articles. We used a random effects model to combine study-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used restricted cubic spline functions to assess the dose-response relationship.

Results:
Nine cohort articles (12 independent studies) with 79,399 individuals and more than 26,380 incident cases of hypertension were included. The summary RR for hypertension was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06–1.13) with each 10 bpm increment in RHR. The cubic spline model suggested that when compared with 55.5 beats per minute, the risk of hypertension significantly increased with increasing levels of RHR (P

nonlinearity
= 0.059).

Conclusion:
We found a linear dose-response association between RHR and incident hypertension in adults.
Intramural hematoma of colon
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Xiaoyan , Shi Hongkun , Cao Dianbo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Colonic intramural hematomas are rarely encountered clinical entity. Colonic intramural hematomas are frequently associated with blunt trauma, and they could occur spontaneously in patients under anticoagulant therapy or with bleeding diathesis. There were few reports on synchronous colon cancer and intramural hematoma. Intramural hematomas of gastrointestinal tract in those patients undergoing anticoagulation treatment often occurred at the esophagus, duodenum, and small intestine, while colon was rarely affected site. Clinical symptoms of colonic intramural hematomas may include abdominal pain, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and occasionally bowel obstruction.

Patient concerns:
We herein report 2 cases of colonic intramural hematomas. Case 1 presented with abdominal pain and decreased defecation. Colonoscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed intramural hematoma proximal to the neoplasm at ascending colon. Case 2 was a patient under regular anticoagulation therapy after coronary arterial stent implantation. His chief complaints were intermittent abdominal pain and distension. Colonoscopy and contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated intramural hematoma at sigmoid colon.

Diagnosis:
Case 1 was diagnosed synchronous colonic intramural hematoma and colon cancer at ascending colon via surgery. Case 2 was diagnosed intramural hematoma of sigmoid colon through colonoscopy and follow-up CT.

Interventions:
Case 1 underwent right hemicolectomy. Case 2 received conservative treatment including anticoagulation discontinuation, total parenteral nutrition, and intravenous hydration.

Outcomes:
They both had a good recovery.

Conclusion:
Colonoscopy and CT are useful in diagnosing colonic intramural hematoma. The optimal treatment should be individualized according to different etiologies causing hematoma.