bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring next of kin satisfaction with hospital cancer care: Using a mixed‐method approach as basis for improving quality and safety
Authors: Bergerød Inger J. , Dalen Ingvild , Braut Geir S. , Gilje Bjørnar , Wiig Siri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAim/sTo explore next of kin satisfaction with cancer care, map next of kin suggestions for involvement and combine this information to create a basis for improving quality and safety in hospitals.DesignConvergent parallel mixed‐methods design applying the 20‐item FAMCARE Scale survey instrument for quantitative measurement of satisfaction with care and with an open‐ended question used for qualitative analysis.Data sourcesResponses from 238 next of kin (November 2016–November 2017).MethodsExploratory factor analysis, regression analysis and qualitative content analysis were combined.ResultsBoth hospitals scored better in medical treatment (median, interquartile range: 1.5, 1.1–2.0), than in satisfaction with information and involvement of next of kin (1.9, 1.3–2.4), p < .001 (Wilcoxon signed ranks test). After adjusting for differences in demographical and clinical variables, the total FAMCARE scores were 13% higher (95% confidence interval: 1%–27%, Wald p = .029) at one of the hospitals. Qualitative findings support that the hospitals are not providing an equal offer to next of kin involvement in hospital cancer care that includes a proactive approach.ConclusionAs a basis for quality and safety improvement, next of kin satisfaction and involvement in cancer care should be addressed in a two‐sided perspective, balancing the next of kin's need for involvement in cancer treatment with the patient's perspective.ImpactThere is limited knowledge of next of kin satisfaction with hospital cancer care and how next of kin would like to be involved in this trajectory. Several aspects of satisfaction with cancer care can prompt change to improve service quality and safety (e.g. information, involvement, practical care), but this is an underused source of information. Next of kin are key in cancer care and our study demonstrates a potential large impact on future practical ways of improving cancer care service provision in an integrative perspective including next of kin.
Caring and the Prison in Philosophy, Policy and Practice: Under Lock and Key
Authors: Coverdale Helen Brown 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCare appears prima facie antithetical to punishment. Since the overlaps between care and punishment are greater than we paradigmatically expect, care ethics offers a more accurate account of prisons: recognising and critiquing both dehumanising carceral violence, and the necessity, presence, and inadequacies of penal care, as well as unlocking ways of thinking differently about structural change without losing sight of individual issues. After introducing care ethics and evidencing the presence of caring practices in present prisons, the article considers how we punish, in terms of the amount, method, and manner. Treating people in punishment as moral equals is important for liberal deontological penal theories. Treatment as equals requires context. Context is intrinsic to care‐ethics praxis, which provides methods of and standards for accessing and applying this information.
Mechanism of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase inhibiting cardiac allograft rejection in mice
Authors: Li Chuan , Sun Zhaonan , Yuan Fang , Zhao Zhicheng , Zhang Jiehong , Zhang Baotong , Li Hongyue , Liu Tong , Dai Xiangchen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIndoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO)‐mediated regulation of tryptophan metabolism plays an important role in immune tolerance in transplantation, but it has not been elucidated which mechanism specifically induces the occurrence of immune tolerance. Our study revealed that IDO exerts immunosuppressive effects through two pathways in mouse heart transplantation, ‘tryptophan depletion’ and ‘tryptophan metabolite accumulation’. The synergism between IDO+DC and TC (tryptophan catabolic products) has stronger inhibitory effects on T lymphocyte proliferation and mouse heart transplant rejection than the two intervention factors alone, and significantly prolong the survival time of donor‐derived transplanted skin. This work demonstrates that the combination of IDO+DC and TC can induce immune tolerance to a greater extent, and reduce the rejection of transplanted organs.
Periodontitis and systemic markers of neurodegeneration: A case–control study
Authors: Leira Yago , Carballo Álvaro , Orlandi Marco , Aldrey José Manuel , Pías‐Peleteiro Juan Manuel , Moreno Federico , Vázquez‐Vázquez Laura , Campos Francisco , D’Aiuto Francesco , Castillo José , Sobrino Tomás , Blanco Juan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate whether periodontitis is associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and whether systemic inflammation could act as a potential mediator of this link.Materials and MethodsA case–control study was designed including 75 patients with periodontitis (cases) and 75 age‐balanced and gender‐matched participants without periodontitis (controls). Full‐mouth periodontal evaluation was performed in all participants. Demographic, clinical and behaviour data were also recorded. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), Aβ1‐40 and Aβ1‐42 were determined.ResultsCases showed higher levels of IL‐6 (8.7 ± 3.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.5 pg/ml), hs‐CRP (3.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7 mg/L), Aβ1‐40 (37.3 ± 6.0 vs. 30.3 ± 1.8 pg/ml) and Aβ1‐42 (54.5 ± 10.6 vs. 36.5 ± 10.0 pg/ml) when compared to controls (all p < .001). Diagnosis of periodontitis was statistically significantly associated with circulating Aβ1‐40 ( = 6.9, 95% CI: 5.4–8.3; p < .001) and Aβ1‐42 ( = 17.8, 95% CI: 14.4–21.3; p < .001). Mediation analysis confirmed hs‐CRP and IL‐6 as mediators of this association.ConclusionsPeriodontitis is associated with increased peripheral levels of Aβ. This finding could be explained by enhanced systemic inflammation that can be seen in patients with periodontitis.
Why does early childhood deprivation increase the risk for depression and anxiety in adulthood? A developmental cascade model
Authors: Golm Dennis , Maughan Barbara , Barker Edward D. , Hill Jonathan , Kennedy Mark , Knights Nicky , Kreppner Jana , Kumsta Robert , Schlotz Wolff , Rutter Michael , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundUsing data from the English & Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study, we recently reported that early time‐limited exposure to severe institutional deprivation is associated with early‐onset and persistent neurodevelopmental problems and later‐onset emotional problems. Here, we examine possible reasons for the late emergence of emotional problems in this cohort. Our main focus is on testing a developmental cascade mediated via the functional impact of early‐appearing neurodevelopmental problems on late adolescent functioning. We also explore a second putative pathway via sensitization to stress.MethodsThe ERA study includes 165 Romanian individuals who spent their early lives in grossly depriving institutions and were subsequently adopted into UK families, along with 52 UK adoptees with no history of deprivation. Age six years symptoms of neurodevelopmental problems and age 15 anxiety/depression symptoms were assessed via parental reports. Young adult symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed by both parent and self‐reports; young adults also completed measures of stress reactivity, exposure to adverse life events, and functioning in work and interpersonal relationships.ResultsThe path between early institutional deprivation and adult emotional problems was mediated via the impact of early neurodevelopmental problems on unemployment and poor friendship functioning during the transition to adulthood. The findings with regard to early deprivation, later life stress reactivity, and emotional problems were inconclusive.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that the risk for adult depression and anxiety following extreme institutional deprivation is explained through the effects of early neurodevelopmental problems on later social and vocational functioning. Future research should more fully examine the role of stress susceptibility in this model.
A validated photonumeric cellulite severity scale for the area above the knees: the knee cellulite severity score
Authors: Longhitano S. , Galadari H. , Cascini S. , Shaniko K. , Chester J. , Farnetani F. , Pellacani G. , Urtis G.G. , Guida S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for cellulite above the knees is increasingly requested. However, a classification of cellulite of this area has not yet been developed.ObjectiveTo validate the proposed knee cellulite severity score (KCSS) for the assessment of cellulite and skin laxity above the knee.Materials and methodsBased on standardized photographs of cellulite and skin laxity above the knees of 57 females (114 knees), three key morphological aspects of cellulite were identified. A photonumeric KCSS was developed and validated by three independent assessors.ResultsThe three key cellulite morphological features (number of depressions, depth of depressions and presence of laxity) are each graded from 0 to 3, producing a classification of no lesions (0), mild (1–3), moderate (4–6) and severe (7–9). Evaluators at different time points repeated similar classifications (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.9), which were also similar among the assessors (inter‐observer reliability >0.9). All three key morphological aspects were deemed necessary, and positively contributed, to the overall scale (item‐total correlation analysis values >0.89, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe KCSS is a consistent, comprehensive, reliable, and reproducible tool for standardized and objective assessment of the severity of cellulite and skin laxity above the knees.
The Lady Garden Club: supporting women with vulval conditions and their partners
Authors: Akel R. , Cohen C.E. , Fuller C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundVulval conditions have been shown to have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and can affect their relationships. The Lady Garden Club (LGC) is peer support group that was set up by patients with vulval conditions and is supported by the vulval clinic physicians at Chelsea & Westminster Hospital.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the efficacy of this peer support group and the physician contribution to it. We also aimed to assess potential unmet needs of partners, which in turn could affect our patients’ experience and quality of life.MethodsAn anonymized online Survey Monkey link was sent to LGC members. Questions included a Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) section.ResultsThe response rate was 60% (26). Over half (54%) were members >2 years. Diagnoses included 85% (22) lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, 8% (two) eczema/psoriasis, warts 8% (two), vulval cancer 4% (one) and vulvodynia 8% (two). All valued a vulval specialist leading the LGC. Women benefitted from: open member questioning (84%), learning from others (81%), self‐help tips (81%), more patient information (77%), latest research updates (69%), sharing concerns and fears (65%), sharing personal experiences (62%), peer support network (62%), and discussion about sex and relationships (35%). A third used the buddy system by phone, 19% soon after diagnosis. The average DLQI was 6.84 (range 0–25). Half reported depression and 59% anxiety. Two thirds (68%) felt women with other vulval conditions would benefit from the LGC. Over half (54%) felt there was an unmet need for helping partners understand their genital conditions.ConclusionThe survey concluded that the LGC provides several additional benefits to women with vulval conditions, within a safe forum led by a vulval specialist. It also demonstrated a potential unmet need to support women's partners that can now be addressed.
Comparative Transcriptome Analyses of Drug‐sensitive and Drug‐resistant Strains of Eimeria tenella by RNA‐sequencing
Authors: Xie Yuxiang , Huang Bing , Xu Lingyang , Zhao Qiping , Zhu Shunhai , Zhao Huanzhi , Dong Hui , Han Hongyu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAvian coccidiosis is a widespread and economically significant disease in poultry. At present, treatment of coccidiosis mainly relies on drugs. Anticoccidial drugs can be divided into two categories: ionophorous compounds and synthetic drugs. However, the emergence of drug‐resistant strains has become a challenge for coccidiosis control with anticoccidial drugs. To gain insights into the molecular mechanism governing the drug resistance of Eimeria tenella, two drug‐resistant strains of E. tenella, one maduramicin‐resistant (MRR) strain and one diclazuril‐resistant (DZR) strain, were generated. We carried out comparative transcriptome analyses of a drug‐sensitive strain (DS) and two drug‐resistant MRR and DZR strains of E. tenella using RNA‐sequencing. A total of 1,070 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 672 upregulated and 398 downregulated, were identified in MRR vs. DS, and 379 DEGs, 330 upregulated and 49 downregulated, were detected in DZR vs. DS. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to better understand the functions of these DEGs. In the comparison of DZR vs. DS, some DEGs were involved in peroxisome, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid metabolism. In the comparison of MRR vs. DS, some DEGs were involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and DNA replication. In addition, some DEGs coded for surface antigens that were downregulated in two drug‐resistant strains involved invasion, pathogenesis, and host–parasite interactions. These results provided suggestions for further research toward unraveling the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Eimeria species and contribute to developing rapid molecular methods to detect resistance to these drugs in Eimeria species in poultry.
A systematic review of UK‐based long‐term nonsurgical interventions for people with severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg m−2)
Authors: Aceves‐Martins M. , Robertson C. , Cooper D. , Avenell A. , Stewart F. , Aveyard P. , de Bruin M. ,   the REBALANCE team
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this project was to systematically review UK evidence on the effectiveness of long‐term (≥12 months) weight management services (WMSs) for weight loss and weight maintenance for adults (≥16 years) with severe obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg m−2), who would generally be eligible for Tier 3 services.MethodsFour data sources were searched from 1999 to October 2018. ResultsOur searches identified 20 studies, mostly noncomparative studies: 10 primary care interventions, nine in secondary care specialist weight management clinics and one commercial setting intervention. A programme including a phase of low energy formula diet (810–833 kcal day−1) showed the largest mean (SD) weight change at 12 months of –12.4 (11.4) kg for complete cases, with 25.3% dropout. Limitations or differences in evaluation and reporting (particularly for denominators), unclear dropout rates, and differences between participant groups in terms of comorbidities and psychological characteristics, made comparisons between WMSs and inferences challenging.ConclusionsThere is a persistent and clear need for guidance on long‐term weight data collection and reporting methods to allow comparisons across studies and services for participants with severe obesity. Data could also include quality of life, clinical outcomes, adverse events, costs and economic outcomes. A randomised trial comparison of National Health Service Tier 3 services with commercial WMSs would be of value.
“Search less, verify more”—Reviewing salivary biomarkers in oral cancer detection
Authors: Adeoye John , Brennan Peter A. , Thomson Peter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonest head and neck malignancies with approximately 350 000 cases reported annually and a mortality rate of 50% often attributed to late clinical presentation. Due to the close relationship between saliva bio‐fluid and tumour lesions, optimizing salivary biomarkers for disease detection and screening provides a major new research direction in diagnostic oral oncology. As inter‐tumour heterogeneity and intra‐tumour heterogeneity are common within oral cavity neoplasms, it is unlikely that a single diagnostic or “risk‐stratifying” saliva biomarker will suffice for universal translation to clinical practice. Therefore, this article highlights a number of promising saliva biomarker combinations for oral cavity cancer detection that require further research and validation to determine their true diagnostic potential.
First report of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 outbreak in cultured gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio at low temperature
Authors: Ouyang Ping , Zhou Yaojia , Wang Kaiyu , Geng Yi , Lai Weiming , Huang Xiaoli , Chen Defang , Guo Hongrui , Fang Jing , Chen Zhengli , Tang Li , Huang Chao , Liu Wentao , Yin Lizi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV‐2) is the causative agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis (HVHN), an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current research indicates that CyHV‐2 only infects fish in the genus Carassius. Outbreaks of fish viral diseases are highly temperature‐dependent, and HVHN outbreaks usually occur at water temperatures of 15–25°C. In November 2018, an infectious disease occurred on cultured gibel carp farms in ZiGong, Sichuan Province, China. The water temperature at the time was approximately 10°C. The clinical signs of the diseased fish included lethargy, inappetence, severe anoxia, hemorrhage on the body surface, and pale gills. Clinical and histopathological examinations, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and molecular analyses were used to determine the etiology of this disease. Pathological observation revealed severe necrosis of the hematopoietic organs, particularly the gills, kidney, and spleen. Spherical herpesvirus‐like virion particles were observed with TEM in the kidney and spleen tissues from moribund fish. An experimental infection demonstrated a cumulative mortality rate of 50% (10/20) at a water temperature of 13°C, whereas the mortality of the positive control group was 75% (15/20) at a water temperature of 23°C. A specific fragment of the helicase gene of CyHV‐2 was detected with polymerase chain reaction. In a phylogenetic analysis of the helicase gene, our isolate clustered with CyHV‐2 isolates in the database. Together, these results show that the putative pathogen involved in this outbreak was CyHV‐2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a gibel carp disease caused by CyHV‐2 at low temperature. These findings are extremely important in reducing the risk of HVHN outbreaks in gibel carp aquaculture.
The impact of maternal supplementation during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum on the growth status of the next child born after the intervention period: Follow‐up results from Bangladesh and Ghana
Authors: Adams Katherine P. , Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Mridha Malay K. , Oaks Brietta M. , Matias Susana L. , Arnold Charles D. , Kumordzie Sika M. , Okronipa Harriet , Ocansey Maku E. , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPregnancy and breastfeeding make demands on maternal nutrient stores. The extent of depletion and the degree to which nutrient stores are replenished between pregnancies has implications for a mother's nutritional status at conception of the subsequent child and therefore that child's birth outcomes and growth. Using follow‐up data collected several years after a randomized effectiveness trial conducted in rural Bangladesh and a randomized efficacy trial conducted in semiurban Ghana, we evaluated the impact of maternal supplementation with small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (LNS) or multiple micronutrients (MMN) through pregnancy (the index pregnancy) and 6 months postpartum on the growth status of the next living younger sibling conceived and born after the index pregnancy. In both Bangladesh (n = 472 younger siblings) and Ghana (n = 327 younger siblings), there were no overall differences in the growth status or the prevalence of undernutrition among younger siblings whose mothers had received LNS (or MMN, Ghana only) during and after the index pregnancy compared with the younger siblings of mothers who had received iron plus folic acid (IFA) during the index pregnancy (Ghana) or during and for 3 months after the index pregnancy (Bangladesh). These findings do not indicate that preconception nutrition interventions do not improve child growth. Rather, they suggest that any benefits of maternal LNS or MMN supplementation during one pregnancy and for 6 months postpartum are unlikely to extend to the growth of her next child beyond any effects due to IFA alone.
Diet quality among pregnant women in the Navajo Birth Cohort Study
Authors: De La Rosa Vanessa Y. , Hoover Joseph , Du Ruofei , Jimenez Elizabeth Yakes , MacKenzie Debra ,   NBCS Study Team, Lewis Johnnye 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProper nutrition during pregnancy is vital to maternal health and fetal development and may be challenging for Navajo Nation residents because access to affordable and healthy foods is limited. It has been several decades since reported diet quality during pregnancy was examined on Navajo Nation. We present the first study to estimate iodine intake and use the Healthy Eating Index (HEI‐2015) to assess maternal diet quality among pregnant women in the Navajo Birth Cohort Study (NBCS). Based on dietary intake data derived from food frequency questionnaires, overall estimated micronutrient intake has remained similar since the last assessment in 1981, with potential improvements evident for folate and niacin. A high proportion of women (>50%) had micronutrient intakes from dietary sources below the Estimated Average Requirements during pregnancy. The median urinary iodine concentration for NBCS women (90.8 μg/L; 95% CI [80, 103.5]) was less than adequate and lower than concentrations reported for pregnant women that participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2014. Overall, average diet quality of NBCS women estimated using the HEI‐2015 (62.4; 95% CI [60.7, 64.0]) was similar to that reported for women of child‐bearing age and pregnant women in NHANES. Although, NBCS women had diets high in added sugar, with sugar‐sweetened beverages as the primary contributors. Our study provides updated insights on maternal diet quality that can inform health and nutrition initiatives in Navajo communities emphasizing nutrition education and access to prenatal vitamins and calcium, iodine, and vitamin E dense foods.
Movement of small RNAs in and between plants and fungi
Authors: Wang Mengying , Dean Ralph A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRNA interference is a biological process whereby small RNAs inhibit gene expression through neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. This process is conserved in eukaryotes. Here, recent work regarding the mechanisms of how small RNAs move within and between organisms is examined. Small RNAs can move locally and systemically in plants through plasmodesmata and phloem, respectively. In fungi, transportation of small RNAs may also be achieved by septal pores and vesicles. Recent evidence also supports bidirectional cross‐kingdom communication of small RNAs between host plants and adapted fungal pathogens to affect the outcome of infection. We discuss several mechanisms for small RNA trafficking and describe evidence for transport through naked form, combined with RNA‐binding proteins or enclosed by vesicles.