bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of pregabalin as a monotherapy versus combined pregabalin and milnacipran in the management of fibromyalgia
Authors: Abdel Fattah Yousra Hisham , Elnemr Rehab 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy and tolerability of combined pregabalin (PGB) and milnacipran (MLN) in female patients with fibromyalgia (FM) versus PGB as a monotherapy.MethodsThe present randomized open study included 58 female patients diagnosed with FM (registered on 4/2/19: NCT03905486). Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups (2:2); group 1 included 29 patients who received PGB monotherapy (150 mg twice daily) and group 2 included 29 patients who received combined PGB (150 mg twice daily) and MLN (50 mg twice daily) for 3 months. At the initial visit, patients were subjected to demographic data collection and assessed by the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the FM impact questionnaire (FIQ). Outcome measures after 3 months: FIQ, VAS and Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire.ResultsThe median disease duration was 2 years in group 1 (6 months to 5 years) and 2 years in group 2 (6 months to 12 years). The dropout rate was 20.7% in group 1 (n = 6) and 10.3% in group 2 (n = 3). At the follow‐up evaluation, a statistically significant improvement was observed in VAS and FIQ scores in both groups (P < 0.001). Although the percentage of patients demonstrating significant improvement in pain, disease impact and sleep pattern were higher in group 2, this did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionAlthough PGB as a monotherapy and in combination with MLN have both shown adequate efficacy in the treatment of patients with FM, the combined therapy did not demonstrate superiority over the monotherapy.
Mechanisms underlying familial aggregation of exceptional health and survival: A three‐generation cohort study
Authors: Christensen Kaare , Wojczynski Mary K. , Pedersen Jacob K. , Larsen Lisbeth A. , Kløjgaard Susanne , Skytthe Axel , McGue Matt , Vaupel James W. , Province Michael A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe familial resemblance in length of adult life is very modest. Studies of parent‐offspring and twins suggest that exceptional health and survival have a stronger genetic component than lifespan generally. To shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we collected information on Danish long‐lived siblings (born 1886–1938) from 659 families, their 5379 offspring (born 1917–1982), and 10,398 grandchildren (born 1950–2010) and matched background population controls through the Danish 1916 Census, the Civil Registration System, the National Patient Register, and the Register of Causes of Death. Comparison with the background, population revealed consistently lower occurrence of almost all disease groups and causes of death in the offspring and the grandchildren. The expected incidence of hospitalization for mental and behavioral disorders was reduced by half in the offspring (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.45–0.62) and by one‐third in the grandchildren (0.69, 0.61–0.78), while the numbers for tobacco‐related cancer were 0.60 (0.51–0.70) and 0.71 (0.48–1.05), respectively. Within‐family analyses showed a general, as opposed to specific, lowering of disease risk. Early parenthood and divorce were markedly less frequent in the longevity‐enriched families, while economic and educational differences were small to moderate. The longevity‐enriched families in this study have a general health advantage spanning three generations. The particularly low occurrence of mental and behavioral disorders and tobacco‐related cancers together with indicators of family stability and only modest socioeconomic advantage implicate behavior as a key mechanism underlying familial aggregation of exceptional health and survival.
Adolescents’ knowledge of a peer's non‐suicidal self‐injury and own non‐suicidal self‐injury and suicidality
Authors: Syed S. , Kingsbury M. , Bennett K. , Manion I. , Colman I. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveSome research suggests that suicidal ideation and attempt among adolescents may be contagious – that is adolescents who are exposed to peers’ suicidal behaviour are more likely to experience suicidal ideation or attempt suicide themselves. Less is known about the potential contagion effect of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Our objective was to determine whether knowledge of a friend's NSSI is associated with adolescent's own non‐suicidal self‐injury and suicidal behaviours.MethodsData from 1483 youth ages 14–17 years were obtained from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study, a cross‐sectional population‐based survey of children and adolescents in Ontario, Canada. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between knowledge of a friend's NSSI and adolescents’ own self‐reported self‐injurious and suicidal behaviours. Interactions with gender, age group and presence of a mental disorder were investigated.ResultsKnowledge of a friend's non‐suicidal self‐injury was significantly associated with the adolescent's own non‐suicidal self‐injury (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.05–3.90), suicidal ideation (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.50–6.30) and suicide attempt (OR = 2.87, 95% CI 1.20–6.87).ConclusionThese findings suggest an apparent contagion effect for non‐suicidal self‐injury. Awareness of a friend's self‐injurious behaviours is associated with an adolescent's own self‐injury and suicidality. Interventions aimed at preventing NSSI and suicidality should consider prevention of possible contagion at the school and/or community level.
Randomized study comparing mannitol with furosemide for the prevention of cisplatin‐induced renal toxicity in non‐small cell lung cancer: The OLCSG1406 trial
Authors: Makimoto Go , Hotta Katsuyuki , Oze Isao , Ninomiya Kiichiro , Nakanishi Masamoto , Hara Naofumi , Kano Hirohisa , Watanabe Hiromi , Hata Yusuke , Nishii Kazuya , Nakasuka Takamasa , Itano Junko , Ninomiya Takashi , Kubo Toshio , Ohashi Kadoaki , Ichihara Eiki , Minami Daisuke , Sato Akiko , Tabata Masahiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kiura Katsuyuki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimEvidence is lacking on the best standard method for forced diuresis to prevent cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity. We compared the cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity prevention effect of furosemide or mannitol in patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer.MethodsPatients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer suitable to receive cisplatin‐containing regimen were randomly assigned to receive furosemide or mannitol with appropriate hydration. The primary endpoint was the proportion of ≥ grade 1 serum creatinine elevation in the first cycle.ResultsThe trial was terminated early with 44 (22 per arm) of the planned 66 patients because of slow accrual. Patients’ characteristics were well balanced with median baseline creatinine clearance of 98.0 and 95.1 mL/min in the furosemide and mannitol arms, respectively. In the first cycle, two (9%) and four (18%) patients developed grade 1 creatinine elevation (P = .66), respectively, despite no ≥ grade 2 toxicity. The median times to develop the worst creatinine score were 10 and 8 days, respectively. For all cycles, median times to recover to grade 0 were 56 and 20 days, respectively. The furosemide arm was characterized by relatively high urine output after cisplatin administration (900 vs 550 mL/h), low frequency of unplanned additional hydration (14% vs 32%), and high incidence of hyponatremia (18% and 5%) compared with the mannitol arm. Both arms showed similar progression‐free survival and overall survival.ConclusionThe preventive effect of the two forced diuretics on cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity was not significantly different. However, the two diuretics have some distinct types of clinical presentations.
Leaders do not emerge from a vacuum: Toward an understanding of the development of responsible leadership
Authors: Castillo Margarita M. , Sánchez Iván D. , Dueñas‐Ocampo Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe worldwide problem of corruption is one that requires greater knowledge about responsible leadership. Based on the literature on responsible leadership, developmental psychology, and moral development, the purpose of our study is to understand the constructions of the motivational drivers behind the behaviors of a responsible leader. Using biographical and narrative methodologies, we analyzed the individual motivational drivers of Carlos Cavelier, a recognized responsible leaders who grew up and works in Colombia, a social/economic context characterized by institutional fragility and corruption. Our findings suggest that the coherence between the immediate environments of development of the future leader, configured optimal environments in which the leader developed the moral conscience that guides his behavior as a responsible leader. Our study points out the need not to take the development of responsible leaders for granted, and presents propositions that allow for a deeper understanding of the micro‐foundations of responsible leadership, highlighting the importance of the contexts in which leaders are raised and in which they develop. Thus, our study has the potential to be heuristic and generative of future studies.
Using Museum Guests as Crowdsourced Participants in Human Subject Research
Authors: Nuessle Tiffany M. , McNamara Patricia A. , Garneau Nicole L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Genetics of Taste Lab is a community‐based lab studying human genetics at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. From 2009–2019, nearly 10,000 Museum guests have had the opportunity to become crowdsourced participants contributing phenotypic and genetic data to the lab’s taste and genetics research studies. This case study, presenting evaluation data collected during a Baseline study and during our Savory & Sour Study shows that museum guests both enjoy and value participating in authentic genetics research. By contributing quality data to advance scientists’ understanding of the genetics of taste, they are also learning specific details about the study topics and how those relate to their own lives. Highlighting the above case study and drawing upon our other studies as needed, we hope that our experience—both our successes and challenges—will be a resource for other institutions interested in implementing a crowdsourcing research model in human health.
Trinity and revelation: An appraisal of Veli‐Matti Kärkkäinen
Authors: David Bright Singh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Trinity and Revelation, Veli‐Matti Kärkkäinen surveys a broad theological landscape before constructing a theological edifice for grasping the mystery of God's revelation in Christ with its significance for religious pluralism. This reader applauds Kärkkäinen for providing an integrated theological proposal that considers significantly not only the rich Christian theological tradition but also current scientific knowledge while respecting local or contextual theologies. This work will definitely contribute towards a more inclusive, open‐minded, balanced, and dynamic theological enterprises in the field of constructive theology.
Kärkkäinen's spirit and salvation: A female pentecostal appraisal
Authors: Urvas Sanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpirit and Salvation is the fourth volume of a constructive theology series by Professor Veli‐Matti Kärkkäinen. It is a continuation of Kärkkäinen's impressive scholarship in Pneumatology and offers a fine example of his inclusive methodology. Especially important and informative is the section regarding spiritual powers and cosmology, which provides for an ecumenical audience a healthy understanding of demonic powers. Experience is one epistemological factor in Kärkkäinen's work, which is observed through methodology. An alternative way to approach theological method, from the female pentecostal perspective, which regards experience as important, is offered as an option or a continuation to Kärkkäinen's scholarship.
Changing patterns in the epidemiology of β‐thalassemia
Authors: Kattamis Antonis , Forni Gian Luca , Aydinok Yesim , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: September 2020

Abstractβ‐thalassemia major is an inherited hemoglobinopathy that requires lifelong red blood cell transfusions and iron chelation therapy to prevent complications due to iron overload. Traditionally, β‐thalassemia has been more common in certain regions of the world such as the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Southeast Asia. However, the prevalence of β‐thalassemia is increasing in other regions, including Northern Europe and North America, primarily due to migration. This review summarizes the available data on the changing incidence and prevalence of β‐thalassemia as well as factors influencing disease frequency. The data suggest that the epidemiology of β‐thalassemia is changing: Migration has increased the prevalence of the disease in regions traditionally believed to have a low prevalence, while, at the same time, prevention and screening programs in endemic regions have reduced the number of affected individuals. Various approaches to prevention and screening have been used. Region‐specific prevention and treatment programs, customized to align with local healthcare resources and cultural values, have been effective in identifying patients and carriers and providing information and care. Significant challenges remain in universally implementing these programs.
Linking flow and upper thermal limits of freshwater mussels to inform environmental flow benchmarks
Authors: Khan Jennifer M. , Dudding Jack , Hart Michael , Robertson Clinton R. , Lopez Roel , Randklev Charles R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing shifts in the natural range and variation of water temperatures due to anthropogenic activity, and these shifts can negatively affect survival, growth, and reproduction of aquatic species. Among the groups most affected are freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae. Knowledge of sublethal and lethal effects on mussels from changes in water temperature are largely unknown, especially for species from arid and semi‐arid regions such as the south‐western U.S.A. This limits the ability to assess, forecast, and adaptively manage this threat for those species and to understand how temperature influences population performance and community structure.

To determine the effects of elevated water temperature on mussels from the south‐western U.S.A., we evaluated the upper thermal tolerances of adults of three species (Amblema plicata, Cyclonaias necki, and Fusconaia mitchelli) from the Guadalupe River. Mussels were acclimated to 27°C and then tested across a range of experimental temperatures (30–39°C) in standard acute (96‐hr) and chronic (10‐day) laboratory tests. The acute and chronic thresholds identified in thermal tolerance testing were then related to in situ water temperature and flows using a uniform continuous above‐threshold analysis, which evaluates the duration and frequency of continuous events above a specified temperature threshold.

Median lethal temperature in 96‐hr tests averaged 36.4°C and ranged from 33.7 to 37.5°C, while the chronic 10‐day tests averaged 35.9°C and ranged from 32.4 to 37.5°C. Thermal tolerances of F. mitchelli were significantly lower than both A. plicata and C. necki, and the uniform continuous above‐threshold analysis showed that temperature affecting 5% of the population thresholds were exceeded for F. mitchelli in the Guadalupe River at both acute (96‐hr) and chronic (10‐day) values (30.5 and 28.4°C, respectively).

Findings from this study indicate that freshwater mussels from the arid and semi‐arid regions of the south‐west U.S.A. are already at risk from rising environmental temperatures and altered hydrology. However, by incorporating laboratory thermal tolerance estimates with in situ temperature and discharge data, we provide a range of hydrologic thresholds to inform environmental flow recommendations and potentially mitigate thermal stress occurring during periods of low flow. In addition, this method can be readily adapted to other arid regions to guide flow recommendations or assess whether flow standards are sufficient to protect freshwater mussel populations during severe droughts and low flow periods.
Perennial rhizomatous grasses: Can they really increase species richness and abundance in arable land?—A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lask Jan , Magenau Elena , Ferrarini Andrea , Kiesel Andreas , Wagner Moritz , Lewandowski Iris 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerennial rhizomatous grasses (PRG), such as miscanthus and switchgrass, are considered promising lignocellulosic feedstocks. Their cultivation is expected to experience a significant increase in the near future, as it offers a wide range of benefits. For instance, when PRG replace typical annual crops, positive biodiversity impacts are usually anticipated. However, to date, there is no solid, statistically strong evidence for this hypothesis. This study aims to evaluate its validity through a meta‐analysis based on an extensive systematic literature review of research comparing biodiversity attributes in PRG and common annual crops. Dynamics of species richness and abundance in response to PRG cultivation were quantitatively evaluated drawing on 220 paired comparisons from 25 studies. This includes data on five taxonomic groups—arthropods, birds, earthworms, mammals and plants—and three PRG—miscanthus, switchgrass and reed canary grass. The results indicate that biodiversity tends to be higher in PRG cultivations relative to the reference crops, but the initial hypothesis of significantly beneficial impacts could not be confirmed. Trends were specific to the individual taxonomic groups: significantly higher biodiversity was found for plants and small mammals. Positive but insignificant trends were observed for arthropods and birds, while earthworm response was neutral and insignificant. More substantial conclusions could not be drawn, which is mainly due to the low number of studies conducting biodiversity assessments in PRG cultivations that included a comparison with annual crops. In addition, a detailed analysis of the observed responses was impaired by poor reporting of the parameters influencing biodiversity in the studies reviewed, such as planting and crop density, as well as yields. For this reason, we conclude with a call for improved data reporting in biodiversity assessments of PRG cultivations and detail requirements for future biodiversity research.
Managing “Marandu” palisadegrass and calopo pastures based on light interception
Authors: Alberto Depablos Alviarez Luis , Grossi Costa Homem Bruno , Hevilen do Couto Paula , Carlos Batista Dubeux José , Fernandes Bernardes Thiago , Rume Casagrande Daniel , André Stefanelli Lara Marcio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLight interception (LI) in grazing management has been an efficient tool to harvest forage under similar growth stage conditions. The objective was to define the best grazing management strategies (GMSs) based on LI in marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha [Hochst. ex A. Rich.] R. Webster cv. Marandu) and calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. cv. Comum) mixed pastures. Three GMSs were evaluated in a randomized block design: rest period interrupted at 90% (90LI), 95% (95LI) and 100% (100LI) of LI. The experimental period was divided into four periods: rainy seasons and transitions (between rainy and dry seasons). Post‐grazing stubble height target was 15 cm. Canopy height, forage mass, leaf area index (LAI), morphogenic variables and tiller demographic pattern were evaluated. Pre‐ and post‐grazing canopy height increased at 100LI. Pre‐grazing forage mass decreased over time in all GMSs. The relationship among canopy height, forage mass and LI was not constant throughout the experiment. Post‐grazing forage mass was greatest at 90LI. There was an increase in legume mass throughout the experiment; however, the proportion of legume in pre‐grazing forage mass was no more than 6.6% for all GMSs. Number of calopo branches per plant and LAI increased throughout the experiment while the number of plants decreased. The 95LI provided the best conditions for calopo development; however, the LI as a tool to determine the entry of animals in mixed pastures of marandu palisadegrass and calopo should be carefully applied, considering the seasonal variations in canopy botanical and structural composition under similar LI.
Unveiling various spatial patterns of determinants of hukou transfer intentions in China: A multi‐scale geographically weighted regression approach
Authors: Lao Xin , Gu Hengyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs the floating population has become a vital issue influencing China's economic and social development and aroused broad concern, many scholars have paid attention to the factors that influence settlement intentions of the floating population, while their spatial differences are usually neglected in extant studies. To rectify this situation, this study employs a multi‐scale geographically weighted regression model to investigate the spatial pattern of determinants on hukou transfer intentions of the floating population, based on the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2016. The results demonstrate that the effects of various determinants present different spatial patterns: part of significance pattern (the average residence time in destination cities, the ratio of rural hukou holders, the number of flows, the ratio of family income to family expenditure, the geographical location), the “East‐West” pattern (the ratio of self‐employed migrants, the average wage of employed workers), the “Southwest‐Northeast” pattern (the ratio of migrants in the secondary industry, the ratio of sharing town employees' social insurance, the ratio of floating population accompanied by children in destination cities, and the population density of municipal districts). Cities of different conditions should formulate different policies that are sensitive to their contexts.
Farm yard manure application mitigates aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency for different upland rice genotypes
Authors: De Bauw Pieterjan , Shimamura Erina , Rakotoson Tovohery , Andriamananjara Andry , Verbeeck Mieke , Merckx Roel , Smolders Erik 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUpland rice production on acid, weathered soils is often constrained by phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminium toxicity. Farmyard manure application (FYM) can sharply enhance yields and agronomic P fertilizer (TSP) efficiency under such abiotic stresses. We tested the hypothesis that rice genotypes differ in aluminium tolerance and in the extent of using organic P, offering distinct benefits under TSP‐FYM combinations. Multiple field trials were conducted in the uplands of Madagascar, with factorial combinations of six genotypes, amendments of FYM (at a rate of 17–25 kg P ha−1 vs. a zero control) and TSP application (40 kg P ha−1 vs. a zero control), with blanket N&K additions. Rice grain yields reached a maximum of 6 t/ha after three years of TSP + FYM application, with an average of 3.2 t/ha over the years. Grain yields were about 1.2 t/ha for FYM only and about 1.5 t/ha for TSP only while crops failed under zero P input. Genotypic effects on rice yields were much smaller than the large effects of FYM, TSP or its combination. Application of FYM increased soil pH and CaCl2‐extractable P while decreasing CaCl2‐extractable aluminium. An additional liming trial indicated that the beneficial effects of FYM over TSP relate to liming effects. The FYM application lowers aluminium toxicity which overrules potential effects of organic P supply. Hence, genotypic ranking of yields and agronomic efficiency was inconsistent, without superior genotypes under FYM vs. TSP. However, Chomrong Dhan and FOFIFA 172 generally displayed superior yields. Chomrong Dhan is found to be more sensitive to aluminium toxicity whereas FOFIFA 172 is less performant under low P input. Aluminium tolerance should be considered when developing rice genotypes for high P efficiency in weathered soils.