bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences, Partners, and Parenthood: Linking Early Fertility Desires, Marriage Timing, and Achieved Fertility
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Hayford Sarah R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the United States, underachieving fertility desires is more common among women with higher levels of education and those who delay first marriage beyond their mid-20s. However, the relationship between these patterns, and particularly the degree to which marriage postponement explains lower fertility among the highly educated, is not well understood. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to analyze differences in parenthood and achieved parity for men and women, focusing on the role of marriage timing in achieving fertility goals over the life course. We expand on previous research by distinguishing between entry into parenthood and average parity among parents as pathways to underachieving, by considering variation in the impact of marriage timing by education and by stage of the life course, and by comparing results for men and women. We find that women with a bachelor’s degree who desired three or more children are less likely to become mothers relative to women with the same desired family size who did not attend college. Conditional on becoming mothers, however, women with at least a bachelor’s degree do not have lower completed family size. No comparable fatherhood difference by desired family size is present. Postponing marriage beyond age 30 is associated with lower proportions of parenthood but not with lower parity among parents. Age patterns are similar for women and men, pointing at social rather than biological factors driving the underachievement of fertility goals.
Utility of RNA Sequencing Analysis in the Context of Genetic Testing
Authors: Tahiliani Jackie , Leisk Jeanne , Aradhya Kerry , Ouyang Karen , Aradhya Swaroop , Nykamp Keith 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
RNA analysis is beginning to be integrated into clinical laboratory genomics, and a review of its current uses and limitations is warranted. Here, we summarize the scope and utility of RNA analysis in the context of clinical genetic testing, including considerations for genetic counseling.

Recent Findings
RNA analysis is a powerful approach for interpreting some variants of uncertain significance, for analyzing splicing alterations, for providing additional functional evidence for sequence and structural variants, and for discovering novel variants. However, a review of RNA sequencing methods has noted variability in both laboratory processes and findings. Genetic counseling related to RNA analysis has to take into account nonstandardized laboratory processes, sample-type limitations, and differences in variant-interpretation outcomes.

Summary
RNA analysis is an important complement to DNA testing, although limitations still exist. Maximizing the utility of RNA analysis will require appropriate patient referrals and standardization of laboratory processes as the practice continues to expand the ability to identify and resolve molecular diagnoses.
Highly Dispersed Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded in Nitrogen-Doped Graphitized Carbon for Fast and Durable Potassium Storage
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Xu Zhenming , Han Cheng , Shi Runze , Wu Xianwen , Lu Bingan , Zhou Jiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have great potential for applications in large-scale energy storage devices. However, the larger radius of K+ leads to sluggish kinetics and inferior cycling performance, severely restricting its practical applicability. Herein, we propose a rational strategy involving a Prussian blue analogue-derived graphitized carbon anode with fast and durable potassium storage capability, which is constructed by encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped graphitized carbon (Co-NC). Both experimental and theoretical results show that N-doping effectively promotes the uniform dispersion of cobalt nanoparticles in the carbon matrix through Co–N bonds. Moreover, the cobalt nanoparticles and strong Co–N bonds synergistically form a three-dimensional conductive network, increase the number of adsorption sites, and reduce the diffusion energy barrier, thereby facilitating the adsorption and the diffusion kinetics. These multiple effects lead to enhanced reversible capacities of 305 and 208.6 mAh g−1 after 100 and 300 cycles at 0.05 and 0.1 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating the applicability of the Co-NC anode for KIBs.
Crafting plaster through continuous mobile robotic fabrication on-site
Authors: Ercan Jenny Selen , Lloret-Fritschi Ena , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIndustrialization of architectural components and technological advances have had a significant impact on how we design and build. These developments, resulting in mass-produced and panelized architectural components, have rationalized building construction. However, they often do not reveal the true potential of the inherent qualities of malleable materials. This research investigates the bespoke design potentials of combining a cementitious plaster, with a robotic spraying and forming process, and proposes an adaptive thin-layer additive manufacturing method for plasterwork. Research goals address an on-site construction system that is capable of performing continuous robotic plaster spraying on building elements. To support the understanding of the complex-to-simulate material behavior in this process, systematic studies and physical testing are proposed to be conducted to collect empirical knowledge and data. The goal is to explore bespoke surface qualities, with minimal waste, moving away from the modular and standardized form of the material. The paper presents the preliminary results and findings of the method that aims addressing the challenge of an adaptive construction system capable of performing continuous fabrication, for which mobile robots are proposed to be deployed.
Variation in Indonesian cocoa farm productivity in relation to management, environmental and edaphic factors
Authors: Daymond A. J. , Prawoto A. , Abdoellah S. , Susilo A.W. , Cryer N. C. , Lahive F. , Hadley P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA survey was conducted of Indonesian cocoa farms to assess the extent of yield variation and factors associated with this variation. The survey of 120 farms during the course of 3 years encompassed four provinces in Sulawesi (South, South-East, West and Central), Western Sumatra, Lampung, East Java and West Papua. A high degree of yield variation was observed between farms, the average over 3 years ranged from 39 to 3586 kg ha−1. Overall, yields were greater on farms that were classified as ‘highly managed’, compared to ‘moderately’ and ‘less managed’. Seasonal variability in yields was generally greater in districts with a more pronounced dry season such as South Sulawesi and Lampung. Multiple regression analyses revealed particular husbandry practices that were linked with higher cocoa yields. Specifically, the use of inorganic fertilisers, application of fungicides against blackpod and weeding were all practices that were associated with higher yields. A positive association between rainfall and yield was observed for the years 2014/15 and 2015/16 but not 2016/17, which was a La Niña year (when rainfall totals were higher). Some of the farms surveyed were planted with cocoa at very low densities implying an opportunity for yield improvement through gap filling or replanting at higher densities (although it was noted that some farmers maintained lower planting densities due to the cultivation of companion crops). Given the smallholder status of most cocoa farms in Indonesia (mean area in this study was 0.71 ha) it is important that farmers are able to maximise returns from their land in order to maintain a livelihood. This study illustrated the potential for yield improvement on Indonesian cocoa farms through adoption of best agronomic practice.
Identification of exogenous ABA and heat stress tolerance in various cotton genotypes
Authors: Guo Yaping , Fan Rong , Sun Fenglei , Qu Yanying , Zheng Kai , Chen Qin , Chen Quanjia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCotton fibre yield and quality are markedly influenced by drought and high-temperature stress. We examined the traits of the leaf stomata in 39 cotton genotypes subjected to exogenous phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, electrolyte leakage under 40°C thermal stress, and relative GhHsfA, GhbZIP and GhHSP70 expression levels under two treatments. Stomatal density and area ranged from 66 to 182/mm2 and 663 to 1305 μm2, respectively. Under exogenous ABA signalling, the changes in stomatal aperture (ΔSAp) were in the range of 2.5–31.2%; ΔSAp and relative GhHsfA, GhbZIP and GhHSP70 expression levels were significantly correlated, respectively. Electrolyte leakage increased unequally among cotton genotypes after heat stress. The changes in electrolyte leakage (ΔEL) and relative GhHsfA, GhbZIP and GhHSP70 expression levels were very strongly correlated, respectively. Their relative expression levels could be used as references for the rapid identification of stress-tolerant cotton strains. Cluster analysis of the 39 cotton genotypes indicated that Xinluzao36, Shiyang1, shinong98-7 and Zhongmiansuo293 are heat- and drought-resistant. We integrated both analysis of physiological parameters and molecular methods to identify cotton varieties with the drought and heat tolerance, in order to provide a reference for the selection of materials and methods for the research and production of cotton.
Brief psychological intervention for distress tolerance in an adult secondary care community mental health service: an evaluation
Authors: Wright Isobel , Travers-Hill Emma , Gracey Fergus , Troup Jordan , Parkin Katherine , Casey Stephanie , Kim Youngsuk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Distress intolerance has been suggested to be a maintaining factor in several mental health conditions. Distress tolerance skills training has been found to be beneficial in emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Short-term targeted interventions are increasingly being implemented in response to demand. This study investigates the efficacy of a distress tolerance brief psychological intervention (DT BPI) delivered by non-psychologists within an adult secondary care mental health service. Questionnaire data (pre and post) are reported from 43 participants who completed the intervention. Results suggest that the intervention was associated with significant improvements in distress tolerance, mood, anxiety and wellbeing. This indicates that a DT BPI can be effective when delivered by non-psychologists to real-world adult secondary care clients. The findings offer promising evidence that DT BPI could be a beneficial, cost-effective intervention and warrants further large-scale investigation.

Key learning aims

(1)
To enhance practitioners’ awareness of distress intolerance as a potential maintaining factor and therefore treatment target.

(2)
To outline a transdiagnostic distress tolerance brief psychological intervention.

(3)
To illustrate the potential of this distress tolerance brief psychological intervention to produce positive reliable change with real-world clients when delivered by non-psychologists.
Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) to Examine the Internal Structure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Fresno Andrés , Arias Víctor , Núñez Daniel , Spencer Rosario , Ramos Nadia , Espinoza Camila , Bravo Patricia , Arriagada Jessica , Brunet Alain 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Several studies have reported the factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results show models with different number of factors, high correlations between factors, and symptoms that belong to different factors in different models without affecting the fit index. These elements could suppose the existence of considerable item cross-loading, the overlap of different factors or even the presence of a general factor that explains the items common source of variance. The aim is to provide new evidence regarding the factor structure of PTSD using CFA and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). In a sample of 1,372 undergraduate students, we tested six different models using CFA and two models using ESEM and ESEM bifactor analysis. Trauma event and past-month PTSD symptoms were assessed with Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC–5) and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL–5). All six tested CFA models showed good fit indexes (RMSEA = .051–.056, CFI = .969–.977, TLI = .965–.970), with high correlations between factors (M = .77, SD = .09 to M = .80, SD = .09). The ESEM models showed good fit indexes (RMSEA = .027–.036, CFI = .991–.996, TLI = .985–.992). These models confirmed the presence of cross-loadings on several items as well as loads on a general factor that explained 76.3% of the common variance. The results showed that most of the items do not meet the assumption of dimensional exclusivity, showing the need to expand the analysis strategies to study the symptomatic organization of PTSD.
Electrokinetic Contributions to Self‐Potential Signals From Magmatic Stressing
Authors: Arens Fee , Gottsmann Joachim , Strehlow Karen , Hickey James , Kilgour Geoff 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPre‐eruptive electrical signals at active volcanoes are generally interpreted in terms of electrokinetic processes. Spatio‐temporal self‐potential (SP) signals can be caused by strain‐induced fluid flow in volcanic aquifers, however, previous studies lack the quantitative assessments of these phenomena and the underpinning poroelastic responses. Here we use Finite‐Element Analysis to study poroelastic responses induced by subsurface stressing from sill and dike sources by jointly solving for ground displacements, pore pressure, and SP signals. We evaluate the influence of pressure source orientation on the poroelastic response in two different volcanic aquifers (pyroclastic and lava flow) to provide insights on emergent geodetic and SP signals and their sensitivity to governing parameters. Strain‐induced SP amplitudes deduced from a reference parameter set vary in both aquifer models and are of negative polarity (−0.35 and −22.6 mV) for a pressurized dike and of positive polarity (+4 and +20 mV) for a pressurized sill. Importantly, we find uniquely different SP and ground displacement patterns from either sill or dike intrusions. Our study shows that SP signals are highly sensitive to the subsurface Young's modulus, streaming potential coupling coefficient and electrical conductivity of the poroelastic domains. For the set of parameters tested, the dike model predicts SP amplitudes of up to −947 mV which are broadly representative of recorded amplitudes from active volcanoes. Our study demonstrates that electrokinetic processes reflect magma‐induced stress and strain variations and highlights the potential of joint geodetic and SP studies to gain new insights on causes of volcanic unrest.
Martian Bow Shock and Magnetic Pileup Boundary Models Based on an Automated Region Identification
Authors: Němec F. , Linzmayer V. , Němeček Z. , Šafránková J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmpirical models of bow shock and magnetic pileup boundary locations are typically based on the identification of individual boundary crossings and their subsequent fitting by properly chosen dependences. Such an approach, however, requires a large set of identified crossings, whose compilation can be easily a source of a significant bias. Moreover, the method is inherently biased by the spacecraft orbit: the more time the spacecraft spends in a given region, the more likely it is for a crossing to be identified in there. We use a different approach based on an automated region identification and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft data to derive empirical models of both the bow shock and magnetic pileup boundary locations around Mars. We use statistically known parameters in the solar wind, magnetosheath, and induced magnetosphere, along with the observed ratios of measured solar wind parameters, to automatically identify the region where the spacecraft is located at any given time. A simple empirical relation is then assumed for a boundary shape and location, and its free parameters are adapted to optimize the resulting model classification of individual data points. This procedure allows us to model both the bow shock and magnetic pileup boundary locations, reproducing successfully observed variations with the solar wind dynamic pressure, solar ionizing flux, and crustal magnetic fields. However, due to the sparse data coverage, the models are deemed unreliable beyond the terminator.
Synergy of Experimental Rock Mechanics, Seismology, and Geodynamics Reveals Still Elusive Upper Mantle Rheology
Authors: Jain Chhavi , Korenaga Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a novel geodynamic approach that can potentially tighten existing constraints on mantle rheology. This new approach, which we call probabilistic geodynamic modeling, is applied here to the rheology of the upper mantle. We combine the numerical modeling of plate‐driven corner flow and the seismic observation of radial anisotropy, aiming to reduce substantial uncertainties associated with experimentally derived flow laws, but our results also highlight the complex competition among different deformation mechanisms under mantle conditions. Despite the remaining rheological uncertainty, our study suggests that significant background shear flow is required near the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary to explain the strong radial anisotropy observed at 100–200 km depth underneath the Pacific plate, and the plausible nature of this background flow is characterized using our new probabilistic approach. Our analysis also provides a new insight into the asthenospheric water content and the grain size distribution in the upper mantle, but these results are also subject to nontrivial nonuniqueness. The merit of our probabilistic approach lies in its ability to assess the extent of such nonuniqueness, and we demonstrate this by quantifying the robustness of some of our results.
Biomineralization and Magnetism of Uncultured Magnetotactic Coccus Strain THC‐1 With Non‐chained Magnetosomal Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Jinhua , Menguy Nicolas , Leroy Eric , Roberts Andrew P. , Liu Peiyu , Pan Yongxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have long fascinated geologists and biologists because they biomineralize intracellular single domain (SD) magnetite crystals within magnetosomes that are generally organized into single or multiple chains. MTB remains in the geological record (magnetofossils) are ideal magnetic carriers and are used to reconstruct paleomagnetic and paleoenvironmental information. Here we studied the biomineralization and magnetic properties of magnetosomal magnetite produced by uncultured magnetotactic coccus strain THC‐1, isolated from the Tanghe River, China, by combining transmission electron microscope (TEM) and rock magnetic approaches. Our results reveal that THC‐1 produces hexagonal prismatic magnetite single crystals that are elongated along the [111] crystallographic direction. Most of the magnetite crystals within THC‐1 are dispersed without obvious chain assembly. A whole‐cell THC‐1 sample yields a normal SD hysteresis loop and a Verwey transition temperature of ~112 K. In contrast to MTB cells with magnetosome chain(s), THC‐1 cells have a teardrop first‐order reversal curve distribution that is indicative of moderate interparticle interactions. Due to the absence of a magnetosome chain, THC‐1 has relatively high values of the difference between the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) below and above the Verwey transition temperature for field‐cooled and zero field‐cooled SIRM curves (δFC, δZFC) and a low δFC/δZFC value. Together with previous studies, our results demonstrate that some MTB species/strains can form magnetosomal magnetite without linear chain configurations. Magnetite produced by MTB has diverse magnetic properties, which are distinctive but not necessarily unique compared to other magnetite types. Therefore, combining bulk magnetic measurements and TEM observations remains necessary for identifying magnetofossils in the geological record.
Reconstruction of the Basin‐Wide Sea‐Level Variability in the North Sea Using Coastal Data and Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Zhang Zeguo , Stanev Emil V. , Grayek Sebastian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present an application of generative adversarial networks (GANs) to reconstruct the sea level of the North Sea using a limited amount of data from tidal gauges (TGs). The application of this technique, which learns how to generate datasets with the same statistics as the training set, is explained in detail to ensure that interested scientists can implement it in similar or different oceanographic cases. Training is performed for all of 2016, and the model is validated on data from 3 months in 2017 and compared against reconstructions using the Kalman filter approach. Tests with datasets generated by an operational model (“true data”) demonstrated that using data from only 19 locations where TGs permanently operate is sufficient to generate an adequate reconstruction of the sea surface height (SSH) in the entire North Sea. The machine learning approach appeared successful when learning from different sources, which enabled us to feed the network with real observations from TGs and produce high‐quality reconstructions of the basin‐wide SSH. Individual reconstruction experiments using different combinations of training and target data during the training and validation process demonstrated similarities with data assimilation when errors in the data and model were not handled appropriately. The proposed method demonstrated good skill when analyzing both the full signal and the low‐frequency variability only. It was demonstrated that GANs are also skillful at learning and replicating processes with multiple time scales. The different skills in different areas of the North Sea are explained by the different signal‐to‐noise ratios associated with differences in regional dynamics.
Protecting nursery areas without fisheries management is not enough to conserve the most endangered parrotfish of the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Roos Natalia C. , Longo Guilherme O. , Pennino Maria Grazia , Francini-Filho Ronaldo B. , Carvalho Adriana R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary strategy for marine conservation worldwide, having as a common goal the protection of essential habitats to enhance fish population recovery. However, MPAs alone may not be effective because species are not isolated from critical impacts occurring outside their boundaries. We evaluated how protecting critical nursery habitats affect the population of an important fishing target, using a 6-year database to predict juvenile hotspots and estimate population trends of the endemic and endangered parrotfishScarus trispinosuswithin a mosaic of MPAs at the Abrolhos Bank, NE Brazil. We found that important nursery habitats are within no-take areas, but both juvenile and adult populations still show a declining trend over time. MPAs failed to ensure population maintenance and recovery likely due to overfishing in adjacent areas and the lack of compliance to management rules within multiple-use and within no-take MPAs. MPAs alone are not enough to protect ecologically important endangered species, but is still one of the only conservation strategies, particularly in developing countries. Our results shed light on the need for a wider adoption of more effective conservation policies in addition to MPAs, both in Brazil and in countries with similar governance contexts.