bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligence via ultrafilters: structural properties of some intelligence comparators of deterministic Legg-Hutter agents
Authors: Alexander Samuel Allen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Legg and Hutter, as well as subsequent authors, considered intelligent agents through the lens of interaction with reward-giving environments, attempting to assign numeric intelligence measures to such agents, with the guiding principle that a more intelligent agent should gain higher rewards from environments in some aggregate sense. In this paper, we consider a related question: rather than measure numeric intelligence of one Legg-Hutter agent, how can we compare the relative intelligence of two Legg-Hutter agents? We propose an elegant answer based on the following insight: we can view Legg-Hutter agents as candidates in an election, whose voters are environments, letting each environment vote (via its rewards) which agent (if either) is more intelligent. This leads to an abstract family of comparators simple enough that we can prove some structural theorems about them. It is an open question whether these structural theorems apply to more practical intelligence measures.
Implicit causality of action verbs at the interface between conceptual structure and discourse coherence relations
Authors: Kuehnast Milena , Meier Eva 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Implicit causality of interpersonal transitive verbs (IC) pertains to preferences to attribute the cause of a given action to the subject or the object referent in active clauses. Causal attribution is operationalized as the probability of referential continuation in a subsequent explanatory clause. This paper presents an explorative investigation into the causal biases of action verbs, which in contrast to affective verbs have received less attention in IC research. We approach implicit causality as a discourse level phenomenon based on the textual level of discourse representation and enriched by conceptual knowledge. In study 1, we targeted IC effects of German action verbs (N = 52) in sentences containing causal, additive and adversative connectives. Results showed that IC based categories of subject-object-, and non-biasing predicates were clearly discernable in causal contexts only. In study 2, we examined effects of situational knowledge (physical affectedness & social acceptability) and affective appraisals (valence & arousal) represented in the conceptual structure of the verbs on the construal of causality biases and their interplay with immediate contextual information such as gender of referents. Results show that higher degrees of physical affectedness were associated with causal attribution to the object referent. This effect was modulated by the affective properties of the verbs. Our findings revealed the influence of physiological arousal, an affective dimension not considered in previous investigations of IC. Actions with a strong physical impact that were characterized by high arousal, e.g., kick, or tickle were more likely to be explained with reference to the subject. Participants also considered the available contextual information, as indicated by the significant interactions of gender information with arousal. Within the subsample of non-biasing verbs, higher estimates for social behavior increased probabilities of causal attributions to the subject.
A Different View to Older Diabetics: Management of Treatment According to Cognitive Functions
Authors: Bahsi Remzi , Sürmeli Deniz Mut , Turgut Tuğba , Oztorun Hande Selvi , Atmıs Volkan , Yalcin Ahmet , Aras Sevgi , Varli Murat 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and aims. Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic systemic disease which has multiple complications and the presence of these complications affects the management of disease. It is also important to consider cognitive functions when managing the treatment of older diabetics. In this study, we aimed to make proposals for the appropriate drug choice to preserve cognitive functions in elderly diabetics.

Matherial and methods. A total of 270 older diabetic patients were reviewed. Possible risk factors of cognitive impairment were investigated. Correlation analysis was performed between MMSE and GDS, age, HbA1c, duration of diabetes.

Results. Sulfonylurea (adj. OR: 2.33, %95 CI: 1.11-4.90) and insulin treatment (adj. OR: 3.79, %95 CI: 1.56-9.21) were found associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. In addition, there was a negative correlation between MMSE and GDS (r: -.129, p<0.05).

Conclusion. We suggest that insulin and sulfonylureas should be used with caution in those with cognitive impairment.
The Relationship Between Lipid Metabolism and The Level of Albuminuria with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism -204A>C [rs 3808607] CYP7A1 Gene in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Demihova Nadiia , Lidiya Cherkashyna , Chernatska Olha , Mazur Tetyana , Aleksakhina Tetyana , Demikhov Oleksii 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and aims. The purpose of our study was to determine the features of diabetic nephropathy, to identify the relationship between the level of albumin excretion, urine and lipid profile, genotype variants of the CYP7A1 gene in people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.

Material and methods. Patients were divided into three groups. Normoalbinuria was detected in group I, and II - microalbuminuria, and III -macroalbuminuria. Determination of albumin to creatinine ratio was more accurate, although more expensive method. We examined single nucleotide polymorphism -204A> C [rs 3808607] of the promoter region of the CYP7A1 gene.

Results. It was established that homozygotes by the major allele with genotype AA had lower values of albuminuria, atherogenic lipoproteins, total cholesterol, triglycerides and higher levels of anti-atherogenic lipoproteins than patients with AС and СС genotypes.

Conclusion. The СС genotype was most unfavorable in the prognostic plan, since homozygotes for this minor allele were characterized by higher values of albuminuria, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lower values of high-density lipoprotein
Assessment of Long Term Metabolic Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Cason Nicolae-Marius , Babeş Petru Aurel , Béres Enikő , Babeş Katalin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background and aims. Patients with schizophrenia have a shorter life expectancy than normal population partially due to the metabolic side effects of antipsychotic treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term evolution of the metabolic syndrome in chronic schizophrenia patients on fixed second generation antipsychotics (SGA).

Material and method. The components of metabolic syndrome were evaluated repeatedly in a minimum 6 months and maximum 2 years follow-up period. The presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and metabolic risk scores (cMetS) according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III were calculated and compared in time. In the prevalence, incidence and normalization logistic regression studies included all the known risk factors together with the follow-up period. Finally, all these rates were compared depending on the type of SGA.

Results. Only cMetS, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure presented significant increase in the follow-up period which was in average 385.5 days. The prevalence of MetS at base-line was 39.4%, which increased to 48.5% after the follow-up period. The calculated incidence of 30% was associated with a 23.1% rate of normalization. Logistic regression studies revealed as independent risk factors the age and base-line cMetS/weight for incidence and for normalization. In the aripiprazole group the normalization rate exceeded the incidence rate (33.3% vs 20%).

Conclusions. The results emphasize the highly dynamic character of the metabolic syndrome even in chronic schizophrenia patients with fixed SGA regimen. The normalization of MetS is a possibility that should not ignored. The age and weight continue to remain independent risk factors, thus close monitoring in elderly and strict weight control plan are necessary. Aripiprazole showed better safety profile, but more extensive studies are required for definitive conclusions.
Effects of Energy Use on Socioeconomic Predictors in Africa: Synthesizing Evidence
Authors: Shobande Olatunji Abdul 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper examined the effects of energy use on socioeconomic predictors in Africa. The Gary Becker hypothesis and the Michael Grossman demand for healthcare model were used to interact with energy related predictors on socioeconomic essentials. Our experimented model foretold the urgent need for government intervention programmes to resolve the energy misery in the African region.
The Impact of Gender on Food Waste at the Consumer Level
Authors: Cantaragiu Ramona 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Food waste is one of the main contributors to economic disparities, social inequalities and environmental pollution. Numerous studies have sought to understand the drivers of food waste at various stages in the food supply chain, including the consumption stage. Based on a quantitative analysis of 252 Romanian consumers, the present study shows that gender is an important factor that affects the individuals’ attitudes and behaviours in regard to food and a potential factor that could affect the amount of food wasted. The study found that attitudes towards food waste evolve as individuals age, and that, at each stage, women tend to be more concerned about the negative impact of food waste on social equity or the family budget than men. In addition, women were found to display behaviours in regard to food acquisition and preparation that can result in higher food waste in a larger degree than men, even though the study found no differences in the actual amount of food wasted by the two genders. The results of the study are important because they show the need to adapt the public awareness campaigns on food waste on the particularities of each gender across several age groups.
Assessment of the Insolvency Risk in Companies Listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors: Balteș Nicolae , Pavel Ruxandra Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The present study presents, from the theoretical and pragmatic point of view, 6 of the established score models regarding the assessment of the insolvency risk, belonging to the Anglo-Saxon, Continental and Romanian schools. The research sample is made up of 26 companies belonging to the hotel industry and restaurants, listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The research was carried out over a period of 11 years (2007-2017). Following the application of the score models, it was found that during the period covered by the research, a number of 14 companies had a relatively high insolvency risk and 12 of them had a relatively low insolvency risk.
Supply of Technical Materials for the Aviation Warehouse in Accordance with the Basic Principles of Safe Flight
Authors: Zeltina Sintija , Chatys Irena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
aviation industry develops so fast that manufacturers are unable to supply components in time. Aviation companies work on improvement of their warehouses by introducing various mathematical and statistical methods. These methods calculate component safety life. In accordance with the regulations of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) all suppliers and maintenance organizations shall comply with certain restrictions. The study provides information on the basic principles of mathematical and statistical methods of component safety life. The article gives information about the warehouse work in accordance with EASA requirements.
Expression of human papillomavirus L1 protein and NuMA1 at cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Ershov V. A. , Lisyanskaya A. S. , Manikhas G. M. 
Published: November 2019

Relevance. Cervical cancer – one of malignant new growths most often met among women. Intraepithelial changes precede to it; these changes can disappear spontaneously or progress to cancer. For the present moment, there are no markers describing the outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.The objective was to research the expression L1 HPV and NuMA1 as factors of prognosis HPV-positive cervical intraepithelial neoplasias by high-risk human papillomavirus.Material and methods. The biopsies of 178 women from HPV-positive cervical neoplasias were studied by cytological, histological, immunocytochemical methods and PCR.Results. We verified HPV-HR-positive: mild (42.7 %), moderate (34.27 %), severe (21.91 %) dysplasias, Ca in situ (1.12 %). In 81.13 % of researches, CIN with expression of L1 and NuMA1 had regression of dysplasia, in 13.21 % – persistence of grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, in 5.66 % – progression of dysplasia. In 73.33 % of cases, CIN with expression of NuMA1 had regression, in 26.67 % – persistence of dysplasia. In 45.45 % of researches, CIN with expression of L1 had regression of dysplasia, in 48.48 % – persistence of grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, in 6.06 % – progression of dysplasia. Regression or progression of dysplasia with expression L1 and NuMA1 or one of these proteins for the first time was revealed later 6 months.Conclusion. CIN could come to the end with regression, persistence or progression. At expression of atypical cells L1 and NuMA1, the greatest quantity – 81.13 %, of cases of CIN regression was noted. At expression of atypical cells only NuMA1, CIN came to the end with regression or long persistence. Course of CIN with expression L1 HPV was characterized by the greatest parameters of persistence and progression marked, accordingly, in 48.48 and 6.06 % of cases.
Patients as Teachers of Cultural Sensitivity in Pharmacy Education
Authors: Gibson Caitlin , White Annesha 
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Cultural sensitivity training among pharmacy students is required by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education, but little data exists on effective practices for teaching these concepts. The goal of this case study was to describe the process and determine if integration of a patient-led Cultural Sensitivity Panel into the required didactic curriculum impacts pharmacy student perceptions of their own cultural competence.
Description of case: A special population was defined based on the CAPE competencies requiring students demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to culture, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, spirituality, disability, and other aspects of diversity and identity. Patients representing various special populations, such as veterans, the Deaf and hard of hearing population, the LGBT community, were invited to participate in a Cultural Sensitivity Panel for two consecutive years. Panelists shared information they wish future healthcare professionals understood about the population they represented and participated in a question and answer session. Pre- and post-surveys were conducted to assess the impact of the panel on student perceptions of cultural competence.
Results: Over two years, 138 students completed surveys. More than 95% of students agreed or strongly agreed that a cultural sensitivity panel is a worthwhile experience, and that the panel would help them change behaviors that may be culturally insensitive. Student perceptions of their own cultural competence significantly improved between the pre- and post- surveys; ethnicity, age and gender significantly impacted responses (p<.05). Key themes of responses to open-ended questions included learning about effective communication (64%), new resources for diverse patient populations (28%), addressing barriers to care (21%), the importance of patience and empathy (18%), and incorporating a patient’s background into their care (18%).
Exploration of case impact: Use of a cultural sensitivity panel provides patients with their own voice in discussing barriers to the provision of health care and thus mitigates the inherent bias and limitations of faculty members teaching about cultures and populations they do not represent.
Conclusion: This novel approach of integrating a Cultural Sensitivity Panel into the didactic curriculum positively impacted student perceptions of their own cultural competence and may improve culturally competent provision of care among pharmacy students.

Article Type: Case Study
Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy in the Treatment of the Mirizzi Syndrome. A Clinical Case
Authors: Gabriel Sergei A. , Guchetl Aleksandr Y. , Durleshter Vladimir M. , Dynko Viktor Yu. , Tlekhuray Ruslan M. , Bespechnyi Mikhail V. , Mamishev Adam K. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. To present an interesting case of treating cholelithiasis in the setting of the Mirizzi syndrome.Materials and methods. This paper presents a clinical case of patient A. (62 years old) who was admitted to hospital with the following diagnosis: cholelithiasis, cholecysto-choledocholithiasis, obstructive jaundice. Drawing on the medical history and complaints of the patient, as well as on the results of physical, laboratory, instrumental and preliminary examination, the patient was diagnosed with choledocholithiasis in the setting of the Mirizzi syndrome. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was prescribed. The ERCP was performed in four stages. The first stage included a typical endoscopic papillotomy, a retrograde cholangiopancreatography, as well as an attempt at endoscopic mechanical lithoextraction; however, the calculus could not be removed. During the second stage, the calculus was visually localized, and its size was determined. The third stage consisted in performing electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) and mechanical lithoextraction of calculus fragments. The final, fourth stage involved follow-up direct cholangioscopy, which revealed that the common bile duct was patent and there were no calculi.Results. EHL constitutes a high-tech method of crushing calculi, which provides an opportunity to carry out minimally invasive treatment in patients with complicated cases of choledocholithiasis, when standard methods of mechanical lithoextraction are not effective.
Nikolay N. Petrov: Ethos of a Scientist and a Doctor
Authors: Redko Andrey N. , Kovelina Tatyana A. , Nikulina Ekaterina L. , Veselova Darya V. , Kuzmenko Mariya S. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. In this work, the authors set out to perform a historical analysis of Nikolay Petrov’s life journey and scientific work, as well as to demonstrate the importance of the Kuban period in his formation as an individual, a scientist and as a founder of domestic medical deontology.Materials and methods. In this study, the authors used archival documents; works of Nikolay Petrov; as well as the following methods: historical-descriptive, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, biographical along with the method of monographic description.Results. The life and professional journey of Nikolay Petrov can be divided into several periods, each of them playing an important role in his formation as an individual and as a scientist. The fi rst period (‘St Petersburg period’) covers his brilliant upbringing, education at the Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg, work as a medical resident at the Surgery Department of the Academy, as well as the publication of his first scientific works and the defence of the doctoral thesis in medicine. During the second period (‘abroad period’), Nikolay Petrov completed advanced training at the Pasteur Institute and worked at the clinics of Switzerland, Austria and Germany. The third period (‘teaching period’) covers the time when Nikolay Petrov was simultaneously working as a surgeon and a teacher at the Military Medical Academy; his fundamental works on surgery and oncology were published. The forth ‘military period’ coincided with the years of the First World War when Nikolay Petrov worked as a surgeon at the hospitals of the Russian Red Cross Society while continuing his research. The fifth period (‘Kuban period’) coincided with the years of revolutionary upheavals, civil war and moving to Kuban. In 1917–1922 Nikolay Petrov had to choose between emigration and his motherland. He stayed true to his profession and his homeland. Nikolay Petrov devoted himself to serving the ‘new’ country, actively participated in the organisation of the Kuban Medical University and wrote a number of works on surgery, including the first work on medical deontology in the country. The sixth period is called ‘return to St Petersburg’ where in 1925 Nikolay Petrov organised the Oncology Department at the Mechnikov hospital, which under his guidance became the first research institute for oncology in our country. This period was marked by the recognition of his talent as a doctor and a scientist by the public and government.Conclusion. Nikolay Petrov‘s ethos as a scientist and a doctor was formed under the influence of his challenging life journey, with the Kuban period being a turning point in his life.
Morphological Changes in the Dental Pulp of Experimental Animals in the Treatment of Acute Partial Pulpitis using Modern Materials
Authors: Ivashchenko Victoria А. , Adamchik Anatoly А. , Аrutyunov Armenak V. , Risovanny Sergey I. , Sidorenko Alexander N. , Tsymbalov Oleg V. 
Published: November 2019

Aim.To study the morphological changes in the tooth pulp of experimental animals when modelling acute partial pulpitis using calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin and calcium hydroxide.Materials and methods.An experimental model of acute partial pulpitis was applied including the formation of a cavity on the lingual surface of the tooth, which corresponded to advanced caries in terms of depth, followed by a slight perforation up to the tooth pulp with a sharp probe. This model of acute partial pulpitis was reproduced for 32 teeth in four sexually mature rams. The teeth were extracted together with the surrounding sockets 15, 30 and 90 days after the modelling of pulpitis, followed by their fi xation in 10% solution of neutral formalin. Decalcification was performed in 25% solution of Trilon B. The material was poured into celloidin; histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to Masson’s trichrome procedure.Results.The histological examination of pulp from the main group (calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin) revealed the formation of a biological barrier from secondary dentin in the area of the cavity and perforation up to the pulp chamber on the 90th day after the experiment started. The tooth pulp revealed no signs of an inflammatory process. On the 90th day after the experiment started, no pronounced morphological changes in the main substance and dentinal tubules in the area of the cavity walls were noted in the coronal pulp of experimental animals from the comparison group (calcium hydroxide). A focal chronic inflammatory process was noted in the tooth pulp.Conclusion.It was established that the use of calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin in the experimentally created model of acute partial pulpitis was accompanied by the formation of a biological barrier and a well-developed zone of reparative dentin in the area of the cavity and perforation up to the pulp chamber, as compared to the group where calcium hydroxide was used. Thus, the study results confirmed the efficay of using calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin within the biological method for treating acute partial pulpitis, which shortens the functional recovery of tooth pulp.