bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why targeting matters: The apprenticeship program for youth in the Czech Republic
Authors: Hora Ondřej , Sirovátka Tomáš 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the targeting and outcomes of the apprenticeship program implemented under the Youth Guarantee/YG scheme in the Czech Republic. We examine the outcomes and targeting using counterfactual impact evaluation (quasi‐experimental design) of the apprenticeship program on the basis of administrative data from the Czech Employment Office. The implementation strategy is analyzed using various policy documents. The findings indicate that the program is apparently targeted at those groups of young people who are less disadvantaged as regards education level and previous unemployment experience. At the same time, paradoxically, the effects in terms of outflows from the unemployment register are weak for the short‐term and medium‐term unemployed, as well as for low‐skilled and high‐skilled youth, and stronger effects are evident in the case of long‐term unemployed and medium‐skilled youth. The failures in targeting and in adjusting the program to the needs of more vulnerable groups of youth are due to an inconsistent implementation strategy of Czech Public Employment Services.
A qualitative study of the practices and experiences of staff in multidisciplinary child sexual exploitation partnerships in three English coastal towns
Authors: Radcliffe Polly , Roy Alastair , Barter Christine , Tompkins Charlotte , Brooks Matthew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents findings from a qualitative study of the practices and experiences of people working in multidisciplinary child sexual exploitation (CSE) partnerships in three coastal towns in England. The study is based on focus groups conducted with 36 practitioners from a range of professional groups, including police, social work, substance misuse, education, specialist youth workers, sexual health, and statutory and non‐statutory children's services. The article begins with an overview of the three towns and the structure of their responses to CSE. It goes on to explore a range of factors, which contribute to the local issues around CSE and which affect and direct multiagency working. These include practitioner perspectives on CSE vulnerability, the discrepancy between young peoples' and practitioners' views about “exploitation”, a discussion of how CSE perpetrators initiate and develop contact with young people and the role of incentives—including drugs and alcohol—as part of CSE exploitation. We finish by drawing out some general conclusions.
El sentimiento de soledad en personas mayores: conocimiento y tamización oportuna
Authors: Camargo Rojas Claudia Marcela , Chavarro Carvajal Diego Andrés 
Published: April 2020

El sentimiento de soledad tiene una prevalencia del 40% en las personas mayores secundario a situaciones de abandono, duelo y adaptación del rol. Se ha estudiado el impacto que tiene en el desarrollo de condiciones crónicas, disminución del autocuidado y adherencia al tratamiento. Los factores asociados a esta condición son edad avanzada, ser mujer, ausencia de pareja y un bajo nivel educativo.
El propósito de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia de la inclusión de la valoración rutinaria de la soledad en personas mayores con instrumentos validados con el fin de generar intervenciones enfocadas en este fenómeno. En población colombiana, se cuenta con una escala validada para su tamización la cual debe ser considerada en el momento de la atención y seguimiento de las personas mayores por los profesionales de la salud
A Method to Quantify Tensile Biaxial Properties of Mouse Aortic Valve Leaflets
Authors: Chaparro Daniel , Dargam Valentina , Alvarez Paulina , Yeung Jay , Saytashev Ilyas , Bustillo Jenniffer , Loganathan Archana , Ramella-Roman Jessica , Agarwal Arvind , Hutcheson Joshua D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Understanding aortic valve (AV) mechanics is crucial in elucidating both the mechanisms that drive the manifestation of valvular diseases as well as the development of treatment modalities that target these processes. Genetically modified mouse models have become the gold standard in assessing biological mechanistic influences of AV development and disease. However, very little is known about mouse aortic valve leaflet (MAVL) tensile properties due to their microscopic size (∼500 μm long and 45 μm thick) and the lack of proper mechanical testing modalities to assess uniaxial and biaxial tensile properties of the tissue. We developed a method in which the biaxial tensile properties of MAVL tissues can be assessed by adhering the tissues to a silicone rubber membrane utilizing dopamine as an adhesive. Applying equiaxial tensile loads on the tissue–membrane composite and tracking the engineering strains on the surface of the tissue resulted in the characteristic orthotropic response of AV tissues seen in human and porcine tissues. Our data suggest that the circumferential direction is stiffer than the radial direction (n = 6, P = 0.0006) in MAVL tissues. This method can be implemented in future studies involving longitudinal mechanical stimulation of genetically modified MAVL tissues bridging the gap between cellular biological mechanisms and valve mechanics in popular mouse models of valve disease.
Performance Analysis and Improvement of a Centrifugal Compressor Based on Partial Similarity Principle
Authors: Xie Hong , Yang Bo , Zhang Shuyi , Song Moru 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this paper, with the help of partial similarity principle, aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal compressor in a turbocharger unit is analyzed and improved based on a low-speed large-scaled model. In order to achieve flow similarity between the scaled compressor and the prototype, tip clearance and diffuser outlet diameter have been modified further. It is observed from the numerical results that the relative error between the scaled compressor and the prototype is less than 0.8%. It means that the flow field of the scaled compressor is similar to the prototype though the Reynolds number is neglected during the scaling process. Furthermore, the large-scaled impeller has been improved by analyzing the numerical results, and then, the improved impeller is scaled down back to the smaller one by using the partial similarity principle, which geometric dimensions have the same level as those of the prototype but performance is improved obviously. Meanwhile, the experiment results are used to validate the method.
Hydration Does Not Change Postexercise Hypotension and Its Mechanisms
Authors: Lobo Fernando S. , Queiroz Andreia C.C. , Silva Junior Natan D. , Medina Fabio L. , Costa Luiz A.R. , Tinucci Tais , Forjaz Claudia L.M. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Drinking water is recommended before and after exercise to avoid dehydration. However, water ingestion may mitigate or prevent postexercise hypotension. This study investigated the effects of intentional hydration on postaerobic exercise hemodynamics and autonomic modulation. Methods: A total of 18 young men randomly underwent 4 experimental sessions as follows: (1) control with intentional hydration (1 L of water in the previous night, 500 mL 60 min before the intervention, and 1 mL for each 1 g of body mass lost immediately after the intervention); (2) control without intentional hydration (ad libitum water ingestion before the intervention); (3) exercise (cycle ergometer, 45 min, 50% of VO2peak) with intentional hydration; and (4) exercise without intentional hydration. Hemodynamic and autonomic parameters were measured before and after the interventions and were compared by 3-way analysis of variance. Results: Intentional hydration did not change any postexercise hemodynamic nor autonomic response. Exercise decreased systolic blood pressure and stroke volume (−4.1 [0.8] mm Hg and −4.9 [1.5] mL, P < .05), while increased cardiac sympathovagal balance (0.3 [0.3], P < .05) during the recovery. In addition, it abolished the increase in diastolic blood pressure and the decrease in heart rate observed in the control sessions. Conclusion: Intentional hydration does not modify the hypotensive effect promoted by previous aerobic exercise and did not alter its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms.
Applications of qualitative grounded theory methodology to investigate hearing loss: protocol for a qualitative systematic review
Authors: Ali Yasmin H K , Wright Nicola , Charnock David , Henshaw Helen , Hoare Derek 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionHearing loss is a chronic condition affecting 12 million individuals in the UK. People with hearing loss regularly experience difficulties interacting in everyday conversations. These difficulties in communication can result in a person with hearing loss withdrawing from social situations and becoming isolated. While hearing loss research has largely deployed quantitative methods to investigate various aspects of the condition, qualitative research is becoming more widespread. Grounded theory is a specific qualitative methodology that has been used to establish novel theories on the experiences of living with hearing loss.Method and analysisThe aim of this systematic review is to establish how grounded theory has been applied to investigate the psychosocial aspects of hearing loss. Methods are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist. Studies included in this review will have applied grounded theory as an overarching methodology or have grounded theory embedded among other methodologies. Studies included will have adult participants (≥18 years) who are either people with an acquired hearing loss, their family and friends (communication partners), or healthcare practitioners including audiologists, general practitioners, ear, nose and throat specialists and hearing therapists. The quality of application of grounded theory in each study will be assessed using the Guideline for Reporting and Evaluating Grounded Theory Research Studies.Ethics and disseminationAs only secondary data will be used in this systematic review, ethical approval is not required. No other ethical issues are foreseen. This review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and at relevant academic conferences. Findings may also be published in relevant professional and third sector newsletters and magazines as appropriate. Data will inform future research and guideline development.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019134197.
STEP.De study—a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial of exercise therapy for patients with depressive symptoms in healthcare services: study protocol
Authors: Heissel Andreas , Pietrek Anou , Schwefel Melanie , Abula Kahar , Wilbertz Gregor , Heinzel Stephan , Rapp Michael 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionAlthough exercise therapy has widely been shown to be an efficacious treatment modality for depression, evidence for its effectiveness and cost efficiency is lacking. The Sport/Exercise Therapy for Depression study is a multicentre cluster-randomised effectiveness trial that aims to compare the effectiveness and cost efficiency of exercise therapy and psychotherapy as antidepressant treatment.Methods and analysis480 patients (aged 18–65) with an International Classification of Diseases diagnosis associated with depressive symptoms are recruited. Up to 30 clusters (psychotherapists) are randomly assigned to allocate patients to either an exercise or a psychotherapy treatment as usual in a 2:1 ratio. The primary outcome (depressive symptoms) and the secondary outcomes (work and social adjustment, quality of life) will be assessed at six measurement time points (t0: baseline, t1: 8 weeks after treatment initiation, t2: 16 weeks after treatment initiation, t3/4/5: 2, 6, 12 months after treatment). Linear regression analyses will be used for the primary endpoint data analysis. For the secondary endpoints, mixed linear and logistic regression models with fixed and random factors will be added. For the cost efficiency analysis, expenditures in the 12 months before and after the intervention and the outcome difference will be compared between groups in a multilevel model. Recruitment start date was 1 July 2018 and the planned recruitment end date is 31 December 2020.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Potsdam (No. 17/2018) and the Freie Universität Berlin (No. 206/2018) and registered in the ISRCTN registry. Informed written consent will be obtained from all participants. The study will be reported in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials and the Recommendations for Interventional Trials statements. The results will be published in peer-reviewed academic journals and disseminated to the public.Trial registration numberISRCTN28972230.
Single-centre prospective observational study on postdelivery room care
Authors: Hartmann Frederike Vivien , Bauerschmitz Gerd , Küster Helmut 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesAs quality of care in the delivery room has major impact on outcome of preterm infants, multiple guidelines have been established in recent years. There is, however, little evidence on how to proceed during postdelivery room care, the time of transfer and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The aim of this study was to identify processes taking place during this period with potential impact on outcome.Study designProspective observational study.SettingSingle-centre German tertiary NICU.Patients40 inborn preterm infants undergoing postdelivery room care.Main outcomePrevalence of prolonged duration of postdelivery room care, disconnections from the ventilator and positioning of preterm infants.ResultsTotal duration of postdelivery room care and NICU admission procedures were shorter in infants transferred in a transport incubator compared with using a NICU care station from birth. Extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants spend 8% of the time in prone position in contrast to 39% in non-ELBW. Total duration of disconnection from the ventilator was 50 s and was ten times longer in infants who had nasal CPAP compared with infants intratracheally intubated. Infants with nCPAP had longer duration of disconnection from the ventilator if body weight was >1000 g or if they were transferred in a transport incubator.ConclusionsMultiple parameters like birth weight or type of transport affect neonatal care during the postdelivery room period. Prospective studies are needed to identify and optimise parameters within this period that affect long-term outcome.
Venous thromboembolism in children undergoing surgery: incidence, risk factors and related adverse events
Authors: Mets Elbert Johann , McLynn Ryan Patrick , Grauer Jonathan Newman 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundAlthough less common in adults, venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children is a highly morbid, preventable adverse event. While VTE has been well studied among pediatric hospitalized and trauma patients, limited work has been done to examine postoperative VTE in children undergoing surgery.MethodsUsing data from National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Pediatric database (NSQIP-P) from 2012 to 2016, a retrospective cohort analysis was performed to determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, VTE in children undergoing surgery. Additionally, the relationships between VTE and other postoperative adverse outcomes were evaluated.ResultsOf 361 384 pediatric surgical patients, 378 (0.10%) were identified as experiencing postoperative VTE. After controlling for patient and surgical factors, we found that American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class of II or greater, aged 16–18 years, non-elective surgery, general surgery (compared with several other surgical specialties), cardiothoracic surgery (compared with general surgery) and longer operative time were significantly associated with VTE in pediatric patients (p<0.001 for each comparison). Furthermore, a majority of adverse events were found to be associated with increased risk of subsequent VTE (p<0.001).ConclusionIn a large pediatric surgical population, an incidence of postoperative VTE of 0.10% was observed. Defined patient and surgical factors, and perioperative adverse events were found to be associated with such VTE events.
Evaluation of feeding periods of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and meat quality in finishing pigs
Authors: Ao X. , Tran H.N. , Kim I.H. 
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate feeding periods of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 150 finishing pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 83.13 ± 1.91 kg were randomly allocated into one of three treatments (10 pens per treatment, five pigs per pen) based on their BW. Dietary treatments consisted of supplementing the basal diet with 1.0% CLA during 2, 3, and 4 wk prior to finishing. Pigs fed CLA diets 2 wk before finishing had a higher overall average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) than those fed CLA diets 4 wk before finishing (P < 0.05). In the whole experiment, pigs fed CLA diets 2 wk before finishing had a higher serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than those fed CLA diets 3 and 4 wk before finishing. However, pigs that received CLA diets 4 wk before finishing had higher triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). Feeding 1% CLA diets 4 wk before finishing improved meat color and firmness. Taken together, feeding 1% CLA diet 4 wk before finishing increased ADG, G/F, and serum LDL, but reduced serum triglyceride.
Class I approach as MGD generator
Authors: Tello-Ortiz Francisco , Maurya S. K. , Gomez-Leyton Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work we build a relativistic anisotropic admissible compact structures. To do so we combine the class I approach with gravitational decoupling in order to generate the deformation function f(r). As an example we have re-anisotropized two anisotropic matter distributions previously obtained by the class I procedure. To produce all the graphical study supporting this analysis, we have considered the data corresponding to the compact object 4U 1538-52, SMC X-1 and LMC X-4 for model 1 and Cen X-3 for model 2. In considering the last one, we have taken the constant parameter $$\alpha $$α to be $$\{-0.3;0.1;0.3\}$${-0.3;0.1;0.3}. It is found that the resulting models satisfy all the general requirement in order to represent or describe realistic compact structures such as neutron or quark stars.
A generalized Higgs potential with two degenerate minima for a dark QCD matter scenario
Authors: Lutz Matthias F. M. , Heo Yonggoo , Guo Xiao-Yu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe consider the Higgs potential in generalizations of the Standard Model. The possibility of the potential to develop two almost degenerate minima is explored. This would imply that QCD matter at two distinct sets of quark masses is relevant for astrophysics and cosmology. If in the exotic minimum the QCD matter ground state is electromagnetically neutral, dark matter may consist of QCD matter and antimatter in bubbles of the Higgs field. We predict an abundance of $$\gamma $$γ rays in the few MeV region as messengers of dark matter regions in space. In addition the ratio of dark matter to normal matter is expected to show a time dependence.
Arc and slab-failure magmatism of the Taconic Orogeny, western New England, USA
Authors: Hildebrand Robert S. , Whalen Joseph B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

During the 1970s, geologists considered that the Upper Ordovician Taconic Orogeny represented the collision of Laurentia with the Ammonoosuc arc, now largely exposed on the Bronson Hill anticlinorium. Subsequently, several researchers noted that magmatic rocks which intrude and overlie the Ammonoosuc arc are younger than the
c.
455–451 Ma Taconic Orogeny. This led them to hypothesize that a Middle Ordovician collision was followed by westward-dipping subduction beneath the amalgamated Laurentian–Ammonoosuc zone to produce the younger arc rocks. In this model, the Taconic allochthons and foredeep were produced later in a retro-arc setting above westward-dipping subduction. However, those models prove inadequate due to the lack of ash beds, foredeep sedimentation and deformation on the Laurentian platform prior to the Upper Ordovician Taconic Orogeny.

Here, we resolve the dilemma by recognizing that the magmatic rocks, which post-date the 455–451 Ma Taconic Orogeny, are not arc rocks but, instead, typical post-collisional slab-failure rocks as old as 450 Ma, with Sr/Y > 10, Sm/Yb > 2.5, Nb/Y > 0.4 and La/Yb > 10. Thus, in New England and western New York, the Upper Ordovician Taconic Orogeny represents the collision of the Ammonoosuc arc with Laurentia followed by slab failure of the descending plate.
Updated geochronology and isotope geochemistry of the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite: a case study of a peri-Gondwanan back-arc ophiolite
Authors: Sánchez Martínez Sonia , Arenas Ricardo , Albert Richard , Gerdes Axel , Fernández-Suárez Javier 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

In the Variscan Orogen, the NW Iberian Massif exposes a variety of ophiolites formed at
c.
500 and
c.
400 Ma that provide constraints on the Paleozoic evolution of the NNW African margin of Gondwana which culminated in the assembly of Pangaea. New U–Pb ages obtained in zircon from one of these ophiolites, the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite, confirm the previous U–Pb age of
c.
500 Ma (thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS)) obtained in zircon from a tonalitic orthogneiss. New samples of the same orthogneiss and related gabbros provided ages (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)) in the range 498–492 Ma, with the metagabbros being the youngest. Moreover, two different gabbro samples contain a scattered population of inherited zircon grains with an average age of
c.
1150 Ma. These zircons probably represent xenolitic material included in the gabbros during their ascent and intrusion along the margin of Gondwana. Taking into account the architecture of the Vila de Cruces Ophiolite and its geochemical composition, this ophiolite is interpreted as a section of oceanic or transitional lithosphere formed in a back-arc basin opened in the peri-Gondwanan realm. The presence of inherited Mesoproterozoic zircons is likely to suggest the existence of a hidden unexposed Mesoproterozoic basement in the Gondwana margin during Paleozoic times.