bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-188 promotes Oxaliplatin resistances through targeting RASA1 in colon cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Xijia , Luo Xishun , Song Zhike , Jiang Shiyu , Long Xiangkai , Gao Xuanyuan , Xie Xinyang , Zheng Laijian , Wang Haipeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: One main drawback of chemotherapy application in colon cancer clinically is drug resistance. miR-188-5p has been shown to be down-regulated in various types of cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of miR-188-5p in drug resistant cancer cells. Methods: we examined the effects of miR-188-5p on the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin (OXA) by using SW480/OXA cell line. The target of miR-188-5p was determined by luciferase activity assay. The cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometry. The expression of p21, Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V assays were used to detect the cell apoptosis. Results: The expression of miR-188-5p was significantly increased in SW480/OXA cells compared with SW480 cells. By luciferase assay we found that miR-188-5p miRNA binds to RASA1 (Ras GTPase-activating protein 1, also known as p120RasGAP), and overexpression of miR-188-5p inhibited RASA1 expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of RASA1 mRNA. In addition, suppression of miR-188-5p enhanced the chemosensitivity of the oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cells. Furthermore, suppression of RASA1 abrogated the increasement of cell apoptosis induced by miR-188-5p inhibitor, while, overexpression of RASA1 induced cell apoptosis in SW480/OXA cells. Our results suggested that miR-188-5p played chemoresistant role in colon cancer through regulating RASA1 expression. Conclusion: The findings of our study suggest that target miR-188-5p is capable of enhancing the chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells by promoting RASA1.
National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia
Authors: Leta Gemechu Tadesse , Mekete Kalkidan , Wuletaw Yonas , Gebretsadik Abeba , Sime Heven , Mekasha Sindew , Woyessa Adugna , Shafi Oumer , Vercruysse Jozef , Grimes Jack ET , Gardiner Iain , French Michael , Levecke Bruno , Drake Lesley , Harrison Wendy , Fenwick Alan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: An accurate understanding of the geographical distributions of both soil-transmitted helminths (STHs; Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) and schistosomes (SCH; Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium) is pivotal to be able to effectively design and implement mass drug administration (MDA) programs. The objective of this study was to provide up-to-date data on the distribution of both STH and SCH in Ethiopia to inform the design of the national control program and to be able to efficiently achieve the 75% MDA coverage target set by the WHO.Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, we assessed the distributions of STH and SCH infections in a nationwide survey covering 153,238 school-aged children (aged five to 15 years), from 625 woredas (districts), representing all nine Regional States and two City Administrations of Ethiopia. Nationwide disease maps were developed at the woreda level to enable recommendations on the design of the national MDA program.Results: The prevalence of any STH infection across the study population was 21.7%, with A. lumbricoides (12.8%) being the most prevalent STH, followed by hookworms (7.6%) and T. trichiura (5.9%). The prevalence for any SCH was 4.0% in areas where both SCH species were evaluated. S. mansoni was the most prevalent SCH (3.5% vs. 0.3%). STHs were more prevalent in southwest Ethiopia, whereas SCH was found mostly in the west and northeast of the country. The prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity infections was 2.0% for STHs and 1.6% for SCH. For STH, a total of 251 woredas were classified as moderately (178) or highly endemic (73), and therefore qualify for an annual and biannual MDA program, respectively. For SCH, 67 woredas were classified as endemic and 8 as highly endemic, and hence they require every two years and annual MDA program, respectively. Conclusions: The results confirm that Ethiopia is endemic for both STHs and SCH, posing a significant public health problem. Following WHO recommendations on mass drug administration, 18 and 14 million school-aged children are in need of MDA for STHs and SCH respectively based on the number of SACs that live on the eligible geographic areas.
Development of a Core Outcome Set for Fetal MyelomenIngoCele (COSMiC): study protocol
Authors: Altoukhi Samar , Whitehead Clare L , Ryan Greg , Deprest Jan , Joyeux Luc , Gallagher Katie , Drake James , Church Paige , Horn Daphne , Diambomba Yenge , Carvalho Jose CA , Mieghem Tim Van 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Open spina bifida (OSB) is one of the most common congenital central nervous system defects and leads to long-term physical and cognitive disabilities. Open fetal surgery for OSB improves neurological outcomes and reduces the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting, compared to postnatal surgery, but is associated with a significant risk of prematurity and maternal morbidity. Fetoscopic surgery comes with less maternal morbidity yet the question remains whether the procedure is neuroprotective and reduces prematurity. Comparison of outcomes between different treatment options is challenging due to inconsistent outcome reporting. We aim to develop and disseminate a core outcome set (COS) for fetal OSB, to ensure that outcomes relevant to all stakeholders are collected and reported in a standardised fashion in future studies. Methods: The COS will be developed using a validated Delphi methodology. A systematic literature review will be performed to identify outcomes previously reported for prenatally diagnosed OSB. We will assess will maternal (primary and subsequent pregnancies), fetal, neonatal and childhood outcomes until adolescence. In a second phase, we will conduct semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, to ensure representation of additional relevant outcomes that may not have been reported in the literature. We will include patients and parents, as well as health professionals involved in the care of these pregnancies and children (fetal medicine specialists, fetal surgeons, neonatologists/paediatricians, and allied health). Subsequently, an international group of key stakeholders will rate the importance of the identified outcomes using three sequential online rounds of a modified Delphi Survey. Final agreement on outcomes to be included in the COS, their definition and measurement will be achieved through a face-to-face consensus meeting with all stakeholder groups. Dissemination of the final COS will be ensured through different media and relevant societies. Discussion: Development and implementation of a COS for fetal OSB will ensure consistent outcome reporting in future clinical trials, systematic reviews, and clinical practice guidelines. This will lead to higher quality research, better evidence-based clinical practice and ultimately improved maternal, fetal and long term childhood outcomes.Trial registration: Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET): 1187. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO): CRD42018104880.
Once the child is delivered, he is no more your baby,” Exclusive Breastfeeding experiences of first-time mothers in Kassena-Nankana Municipality, Ghana - a qualitative study
Authors: Adda Louisa , Opoku-Mensah Kwabena , Dako-Gyeke Phyllis 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life is globally accepted as the preferred method for infant feeding. In Ghana, an estimated 84% of children < 2 months old are exclusively breastfed. But by age 4 to 5 months, only 49% continue to receive EBF. This situation continues to deteriorate. Thus, the need to explore perceptions, practices as well as factors that influence EBF in Ghana.

Method

Using a qualitative design, four focus group discussions were conducted among first-time mothers and eight in-depth interviews with health workers and traditional birth attendants. The study was conducted in four communities in the Kassena-Nankana municipality of Ghana. Discussions and interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim to English language. The transcribed data was then coded with the aid of analysis computer software (Nvivo version 10.0) and later analyzed for the generation of themes.

Result

Exclusive breastfeeding is practiced among first-time mothers due to its perceived benefits; which include nutritional advantage, ability to enhance growth whilst boosting immunity and its economic value. However misconceptions as well as, certain cultural practices (e.g. giving herbal concoctions, breastmilk purification rites), and relational influences, may threaten a mother’s intention to exclusively breastfeed. Relational influences are mainly from mother in-laws, traditional birth attendants, grandmothers, herbalists and other older adults in the community.

Conclusion

Although first time mothers attempt EBF, external influences make it practically challenging. The availabilty and utilization of information on EBF was found to positively influence perceptions towards EBF, leading to change in attitude towards the act.

Recommendations

The provision of education on EBF should be targeted to mothers during antenatal and postnatal clinics in order to help address misconceptions of EBF. Again, the practice of community based health services should be strengthened to provide support to first-time mothers as well as continuous education to mother in laws, female elders and community leaders who influence decision making on breastfeeding of infants.
Ultrathin Gold Nanowires to Enhance Radiation Therapy
Authors: Bai Lin , Jiang Fangchao , Wang Renjie , Lee Chaebin , Wang Hui , Zhang Weizhong , Jiang Wen , Li Dandan , Ji Bin , Li Zibo , Gao Shi , Xie Jin , Ma Qingjie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Radiation therapy is a main treatment option for cancer. Due to normal tissue toxicity, radiosensitizers are commonly used to enhance RT. In particular, heavy metal or high-Z materials, such as gold nanoparticles, have been investigated as radiosensitizers. So far, however, the related studies have been focused on spherical gold nanoparticles. In this study, we assessed the potential of ultra-thin gold nanowires as a radiosensitizer, which is the first time. Methods: Gold nanowires were synthesized by the reduction of HAuCl4 in hexane. The as-synthesized gold nanowires were then coated with a layer of PEGylated phospholipid to be rendered soluble in water. Spherical gold nanoparticles coated with the same phospholipid were also synthesized as a comparison. Gold nanowires and gold nanospheres were first tested in solutions for their ability to enhance radical production under irradiation. They were then incubated with 4T1 cells to assess whether they could elevate cell oxidative stress under irradiation. Lastly, gold nanowires and gold nanoparticles were intratumorally injected into a 4T1 xenograft model, followed by irradiation applied to tumors (3 Gy/per day for three days). Tumor growth was monitored and compared. Results: Our studies showed that gold nanowires are superior to gold nanospheres in enhancing radical production under X-ray radiation. In vitro analysis found that the presence of gold nanowires caused elevated lipid peroxidation and intracellular oxidative stress under radiation. When tested in vivo, gold nanowires plus irradiation led to better tumor suppression than gold nanospheres plus radiation. Moreover, gold nanowires were found to be gradually reduced to shorter nanowires by glutathione, which may benefit fractionated radiation. Conclusion: Our studies suggest that gold nanowires are a promising type of radiosensitizer that can be safely injected into tumors to enhance radiotherapy. While the current study was conducted in a breast cancer model, the approach can be extended to the treatment of other cancer types.
How does Multimorbidity affect Middle-Aged Adults? A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Singapore Primary Healthcare Setting.
Authors: Sim Sai Zhen - , Koh Hui Li , Lee Sabrina Poay Sian , Young Doris Yee Ling , Lee Eng Sing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Multimorbidity is of increasing prevalence and importance. It has been negatively associated with health-related quality of life (HrQoL) especially in the elderly population. Despite substantial multimorbidity for the middle-aged population, defined as those between 40-64 years old, there is a paucity of research investigating the impact of multimorbidity in this population. This study aimed to investigate the association between multimorbidity and HrQoL in the middle-aged primary care population in Singapore. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary care centre in Singapore. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data regarding the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, chronic conditions, and HrQoL, as measured by the EuroQol five dimensions 3-levels questionnaire (EQ5D). We defined multimorbidity as the presence of three or more conditions, out of a list of 14 chronic conditions. The associations between multimorbidity and the components of the EQ5D were assessed using multivariable regression analyses. Results The study included 297 participants, aged 40-64 years, of which 124 (41.7%) had multimorbidity. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, participants with multimorbidity had significantly lower EQ5D UI, (β-coefficient -0.064 (C.I -0.125, -0.003), p = 0.04), but not significantly lower EQ5D VAS, (β-coefficient -0.045 (C.I 0.102, 0.012), p = 0.12). Additionally, participants with multimorbidity had higher odds (OR = 2.41, p = 0.01) of reporting problems due to pain/discomfort. Conclusion Multimorbidity was not significantly associated with the overall health state, as measured by the EQ5D VAS, in middle-aged primary care patients. However, it was associated with the EQ5D UI which is a composite measure of five specific domains of HrQoL. Specifically, there was a statistically significant association between multimorbidity and the pain domain. Further studies are required to understand the relationship between multimorbidity and pain to enable physicians to better manage pain and HrQoL in this population
Identifying Community Physical Activity and Health Resources for Treatment of Back Pain by Utilizing Members of a Physical Activity Network
Authors: Sedney Cara L. , Haggerty Treah , Zizzi Sam , Dekeseredy Patricia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Back pain is one of the leading causes of health care expenditure in the US and is linked to an increased body mass index. Many evidence-based modalities for the prevention and treatment of back pain closely mirror recommendations for weight loss and include physical activity and health maintenance activities (PAHM). The primary aim of this study was to ascertain community assets, and perceptions of the use of PAHM in the treatment of back pain by West Virginia Physical Activity Network (WVPAN) members. Methods: Participants for the study were recruited from the West Virginia Physical Activity Network. This grassroots organization is filled with volunteers from various sectors who were recruited from various workshops, conferences, or coalition meetings over a period of several years. This network was purposely selected as the study population because of the statewide reach and their familiarity with resources in their local communities. A brief survey instrument was designed to gather their scaled perceptions about various treatment modalities related to back pain, and to gather their local knowledge related to specific providers in their communities. In addition, participants were given a free text box to list any local assets or resources for the nine treatments listed, and county of residence, and the nature of their connection to the physical activity network. Descriptive analyses were used to describe overall patterns of survey data. The qualitative data were compiled manually by the research team to show themes of specific treatments mentioned across different parts of the state. Results: Participants overwhelmingly supported physical therapy, flexibility training, yoga, and core strengthening as treatments for back pain. The majority of respondents were “undecided” about other treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapies and acupuncture. Conclusions: The implementation of PAHM interventions in communities could help treat patients with back pain, and may reduce reliance on the pharmacological treatment for back pain. The current study’s data support the potential of such approaches in many West Virginia counties. Also, local resources, and context can be gleaned from community leader surveys utilizing previously developed infrastructure for PAHM promotion.
Differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout: a pilot study
Authors: Otter Simon , Catherine Payne , Anna-Marie Jones , Nick Webborn , Peter Watt 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Gout has been associated with weaker foot/leg muscles and altered gait patterns. There is also evidence of on-going foot pain and an increased risk of tendinopathy, with the Achilles and patellar tendons most frequently affected in gout. Additionally, the inflammation associated with gout may change tissue elasticity. Ultrasound imaging utilising shear wave elastography (SWE) offers a non-invasive method of quantifying changes in tendon stiffness. SWE findings have not previously been reported in individuals with gout. We sought to determine differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout compared to controls (non-gout).Methods: A cross sectional study comparing 24 people with gout and 26 age/sex-matched controls. Clinical and demographic data were collated, and US imaging used to determine tendon thickness, presence of gouty tophi and/or aggregates and levels of angiogenesis. Ten shear wave elastography (SWE) measures were taken along the centre of a longitudinal section of the mid-portion of each Achilles tendon. Prior to data collection, intra-observer error was good (0.75). Data were summarised using descriptive statistics and a repeated measures ANCOVA was used to compare SWE measures between the two groups for the left and right foot separately after accounting for Body Mass Index (BMI).Results: A small proportion of those with gout presented with intra-tendon aggregates and/or intra-tendon tophi in one or both tendons. There was no statistically significant difference in tendon thickness between groups. Neo-vascularity was present in a third of gout participants. SWE findings demonstrated significantly reduced tendon stiffness in those with gout compared to controls: right Achilles mdiff =1.04m/s (95% CI (0.38 to 1.7) p=0.003 and left Achilles mdiff = 0.7m/s (95% CI 0.09 to 1.32) p=0.025. No relationship between the presence of tophi and SWE values were detected.Conclusion: Subjects with chronic gout show significantly reduced Achilles tendon stiffness compared to non-gout controls. From a clinical standpoint, our findings were similar to SWE measurements in subjects with Achilles tendinopathy and who did not have gout.
Prevalence and factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older West African people living with HIV
Authors: Bernard Charlotte , Font Hélène , Diallo Zélica , Ahonon Richard , Tine Judicaël Malick , Abouo Franklin N'guessan , Tanon Aristophane , Messou Eugène , Seydi Moussa , Dabis François , de Rekeneire Nathalie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Depression has a negative impact on both mental and physical health and is mainly associated with suboptimal HIV treatment outcomes. To encourage successful aging and the achievement of the 3x90 objectives in older PLHIV, the psychological domain must not be neglected. In this context and as data are scarce in West Africa, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and the factors associated with severe depressive symptoms in older PLHIV living in West Africa. Methods: Data from PLHIV aged ≥50 years and on ART since ≥6 months were collected in three clinics (two in Côte d’Ivoire, one in Senegal) participating in the West Africa International epidemiological Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration. The severity of depressive symptoms was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale (CES-D), and associated factors were identified using logistic regressions.Results: The median age of the 334 PLHIV included in the study was 56.7 (53.5-61.1), 57.8% were female, and 87.1% had an undetectable viral load. The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms was 17.9% [95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 13.8 - 22.0]. PLHIV with severe depressive symptoms were more likely to be unemployed (adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR)=2.8; 95%CI: 1.4-5.7), and to be current or former tobacco smokers (aOR=2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.4) but were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-0.8).Conclusions: The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms is high among older PLHIV living in West Africa. Unemployed PLHIV and tobacco smokers should be seen as vulnerable and in need of additional support. Further studies are needed to describe in more details the reality of the aging experience for PLHIV living in SSA. The integration of screening and management of depression in the standard of care of PLHIV is crucial.
Protective effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocyte injury in glomerular diseases
Authors: Kubo Ayano , Hidaka Teruo , Nakayama Maiko , Sasaki Yu , Takagi Miyuki , Suzuki Hitoshi , Suzuki Yusuke 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1. DPP-4 inhibitors are used worldwide to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus and were recently shown to have pleiotropic effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic actions. DPP-4 inhibitors improve albuminuria and renal injury including glomerular damage independent of its hypoglycemic effect. Although DPP-4 is mainly expressed in the kidney, the physiological function of DPP-4 remains unclear.

Methods

The localization of renal DPP-4 activity was determined in human renal biopsy specimens with glycyl-1-prolyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor were examined in human cultured podocyte.

Results

DPP-4 activity under normal conditions was observed in some Bowman's capsular epithelial cells and proximal tubules, but not in the glomerulus. DPP-4 activity was observed in crescent formation in anti-neutrophil myeloperoxidase cytoplasmic antigen antibody nephritis, nodular lesions in diabetic nephropathy, and some podocytes in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Notably, the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin suppressed DPP-4 activity in podocytes and the proximal tubules. To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin. Treatment with saxagliptin maintained the structure of synaptopodin and RhoA. Saxagliptin also improved the detachment of podocytes.

Conclusions

DPP-4 activity induces degradation of synaptopodin and reduction of RhoA, resulting in destruction of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Saxagliptin may have pleiotropic effects to prevent podocyte injury.