bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow characteristics of blade unit of a tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray under concurrent gas–liquid flow
Authors: Wang Hongkai , Tang Meng , Wang Dewu , Liu Yan , Zhang Yishuo , Hu Baisong , Wang Ruojin , Zhang Shaofeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe flow characteristics of the blade unit of a tridimensional rotational flow sieve tray were investigated. First, the flow patterns are defined under different liquid arrangement methods. They are bilateral film flow, continuous perforated flow, and dispersion‐mixing flow in overflow distribution, film and jet flow and jet and mixed flow in spray distribution. Second, the time and frequency domain analysis of the differential pressure pulsation signal in the blade unit is carried out, the main frequencies range is 2.0−5.5 Hz. The influence of perforation and mixing intensity on the flow pattern transition is clarified. Third, the rotational flow ratio of the gas–liquid phase is measured, the gas phase rotational flow range is 0.55–0.78, and the liquid phase range is 0.15–0.42. The influence of the operating conditions on the distribution of the rotational and perforated flow is investigated. Finally, a prediction model for the rotational flow ratio is proposed.
Salivary lactoferrin as biomarker for Alzheimer's disease: Brain‐immunity interactions
Authors: Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , del Ser Teodoro , Valentí Meritxell , de la Fuente Mónica , Bartolome Fernando , Carro Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to explain why salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels are reduced in patients suffering mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD).1 We also will discuss if such Lf decrease could be due to a downregulation of the sAD associated systemic immunity.BackgroundSeveral non‐neurological alterations have been described in sAD, mainly in skin, blood cell, and immunological capacities. We reviewed briefly the main pathophysiological theories of sAD (amyloid cascade, tau, unfolder protein tau, and amyloid deposits) emphasizing the most brain based hypotheses such as the updated tau‐related neuron skeletal hypothesis; we also comment on the systemic theories that emphasize the fetal origin of the complex disorders that include the low inflammatory and immunity theories of sAD.New/updated hypothesisLf has important anti‐infectious and immunomodulatory roles in health and disease. We present the hypothesis that the reduced levels of saliva Lf could be an effect of immunological disturbances associated to sAD. Under this scenario, two alternative pathways are possible: first, whether sAD could be a systemic disorder (or disorders) related to early immunological and low inflammatory alterations; second, if systemic immunity alterations of sAD manifestations could be downstream of early sAD brain affectations.Major challenges for the hypothesisThe major challenge of the Lf as early sAD biomarker would be its validation in other clinical and population‐based studies. It is possible the decreased salivary Lf in early sAD could be related to immunological modulation actions, but other different unknown mechanisms could be the origin of such reduction.Linkage to other major theoriesThis hypothesis is in agreement with two physiopathological explanations of the sAD as a downstream process determined by the early lesions of the hypothalamus and autonomic vegetative system (neurodegeneration), or as a consequence of low neuroinflammation and dysimmunity since the early life aggravated in the elderly (immunosenescence).
Further understanding the connection between Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome
Authors: Snyder Heather M. , Bain Lisa J. , Brickman Adam M. , Carrillo Maria C. , Esbensen Anna J. , Espinosa Joaquin M. , Fernandez Fabian , Fortea Juan , Hartley Sigan L. , Head Elizabeth , Hendrix James , Kishnani Priya S. , Lai Florence , Lao Patrick , Lemere Cynthia , Mobley William , Mufson Elliott J. , Potter Huntington , Zaman Shahid H. , Granholm Ann‐Charlotte , Rosas H. Diana , Strydom Andre , Whitten Michelle Sie , Rafii Michael S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImproved medical care of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has led to an increase in life expectancy to over the age of 60 years. In conjunction, there has been an increase in age‐related co‐occurring conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the factors that underlie symptom and age of clinical presentation of dementia in people with DS may provide insights into the mechanisms of sporadic and DS‐associated AD (DS‐AD). In March 2019, the Alzheimer's Association, Global Down Syndrome Foundation and the LuMind IDSC Foundation partnered to convene a workshop to explore the state of the research on the intersection of AD and DS research; to identify research gaps and unmet needs; and to consider how best to advance the field. This article provides a summary of discussions, including noting areas of emerging science and discovery, considerations for future studies, and identifying open gaps in our understanding for future focus.
Mapping the Insula with Stereo‐Electroencephalography: The Emergence of Semiology in Insula Lobe Seizures
Authors: Singh Rinki , Principe Alessandro , Tadel Francois , Hoffmann Dominique , Chabardes Stéphan , Minotti Lorella , David Olivier , Kahane Philippe 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveInsula epilepsy is rare and can be evaluated effectively by Stereotactic intracerebral EEG (SEEG). Many previous studies of insulo‐opercular seizures have been unable to separate insular and opercular onset. With adequate sampling of the insula, this study shows this is possible.MethodsWe analyzed intrainsular dynamics and extrainsular propagation in 12 patients with “pure” insula epilepsy (n = 9) or insular and only deepest opercular involvement (n = 3) at seizure onset. Review of semiology defined clinical groups, agglomerative cluster, and principal component analysis of semiological features were performed. Quantitative epileptogenicity, and intrainsular and extrainsular propagation were computed via time frequency analysis and epileptogenicity mapping.ResultsSeizure onset patterns were heterogeneous; the seizure onset zone was focal. Seizure onset and first ictal change within insula functional subdivision correlated with aura and reflex component. No paninsular spread occurred; contralateral insular spread was very early. While the discharge was intrainsular, clinical signs related to aura or vegetative signs. Extrainsular propagation was early and related to the emergence of the majority of clinical signs. Cluster analysis found an anterior, intermediate, and posterior insula seizure onset group. The largest principal component separated anterior insula manifestations, including early hypermotor signs, early recovery, and no aura from posterior insula features of early dystonia, early tonic motor features, and sensorimotor aura.InterpretationAura is vital to identifying seizure onset and relates to insula functional subdivision. Seizures are heterogenous; extrainsular propagation occurs early, accounting for most of the semiology. With adequate sampling, "pure" insula epilepsy can be identified and focal curative resection is possible. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:477–488
Study on the liquid crystal display mask photo‐curing of photosensitive resin reinforced with graphene oxide
Authors: Xie Jiaqing , He Yunsheng , Ma Wenqiang , Liu Tao , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide has the characteristics of high specific surface area, high strength, and high modulus. The tensile and compressive properties of the cured resin part can be reinforced after the graphene oxide is mixed into the photosensitive resin. A self‐developed liquid crystal display (LCD) mask photo‐curing machine is adopted to prepare photosensitive resin parts mixed with graphene oxide. The influence of graphene oxide content on the surface roughness, tensile, and compressive properties of the cured resin is analyzed by the combination of finite element simulation and experiment. It is concluded that the accumulation of graphene oxide is the main reason affecting the tensile and compressive properties of the cured part. By applying ultrasonic vibration and extending the time of magnetic stirring at 80°C, the dispersion uniformity of graphene oxide is improved, the agglomeration of graphene oxide is reduced, and the tensile and compressive strength of cured parts are strengthened.
Extreme Greenland blocking and high‐latitude moisture transport
Authors: Barrett Bradford S. , Henderson Gina R. , McDonnell Erin , Henry Major , Mote Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBlocked atmospheric flows over Greenland and the North Atlantic Arctic (NAA) can be defined by the appearance of an anomalous ridge, many times off the western margin of continents, that deflects traveling cyclones from their usual storm tracks. Atmospheric blocking often produces a strong equatorward deflection of polar air on the eastern flank of the anticyclone, including severe cold episodes in winter, and severe droughts and heat waves in summer. Recent changes in low‐frequency atmospheric circulation in the NAA have increased sensible heat and moisture advection from the mid‐latitudes into this region. In this study, we explore the frequency and seasonality of extreme Greenland blocking, and we explore the relationship between extreme blocking and moisture transport into and over the region.We quantify atmospheric flow blocking over Greenland using the Greenland Blocking Index, and extreme blocking is defined from 1980 to 2019 at the 90th, 95th, 97th, and 99th percentiles for both summer (June to August) and winter (December to February) seasons. Moisture transport over Greenland was defined by calculating daily integrated vapor transport from the ERA‐Interim reanalysis over the region from 15° to 85°W and 55° to 80°N. The frequency of extreme blocking over Greenland was found to have increased in the most recent two decades (2000–2019) compared to the period 1980–1999. In addition, the probability of above‐average moisture transport occurring on a day with extreme blocking is high in both summer and winter, with the highest probability of high moisture transport during an extreme Greenland Blocking Index day in winter. These findings are unique to this work and suggest future work on the role of moisture transport in developing or sustaining blocks over Greenland.
Incidence and management of patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous and metachronous colorectal metastases: a population-based study
Authors: Väyrynen V , Wirta E-V , Seppälä T , Sihvo E , Mecklin J-P , Vasala K , Kellokumpu I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
This population-based study aimed to examine the incidence, patterns and results of multimodal management of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods
A retrospective population-based study was conducted on patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Central Finland in 2000–2015. Clinical and histopathological data were retrieved and descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the pattern of metastatic disease, defined as synchronous, early metachronous (within 12 months of diagnosis of primary disease) and late metachronous (more than 12 months after diagnosis). Subgroups were compared for resection and overall survival (OS) rates.

Results
Of 1671 patients, 296 (17·7 per cent) had synchronous metastases, and 255 (19·6 per cent) of 1302 patients with resected stage I–III tumours developed metachronous metastases (94 early and 161 late metastases). Liver, pulmonary and intraperitoneal metastases were the most common sites. The commonest metastatic patterns were a combination of liver and lung metastases. The overall metastasectomy rate for patients with synchronous metastases was 16·2 per cent; in this subgroup, 3- and 5-year OS rates after any resection were 63 and 44 per cent respectively, compared with 7·1 and 3·3 per cent following no resection (P &lt; 0·001). The resection rate was higher for late than for early metachronous disease (28·0 versus 17 per cent respectively; P = 0·048). Three- and 5-year OS rates after any resection of metachronous metastases were 78 and 62 per cent respectively versus 42·1 and 18·2 per cent with no metastasectomy (P &lt; 0·001). Similarly, 3- and 5-year OS rates after any metastasectomy for early metachronous metastases were 57 and 50 per cent versus 84 and 66 per cent for late metachronous metastases (P = 0·293).

Conclusion
The proportion of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was consistent with that in earlier population-based studies, as were resection rates for liver and lung metastases and survival after resection. Differentiation between synchronous, early and late metachronous metastases can improve assessment of resectability and survival.
miR‐18a activates Wnt pathway in ER‐positive breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis
Authors: Nair Madhumathy G , Prabhu Jyothi S , Korlimarla Aruna , Rajarajan Savitha , P S Hari , Kaul Roma , Alexander Annie , Raghavan Rohini , B S Srinath , T S Sridhar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite the established benefits of long‐term endocrine therapy, women with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer remain at risk for late relapse. The basis of this is multi‐factorial including genetic, epigenetic, and host factors. In this study we have explored the epigenetic regulation of estrogen receptor (ER)‐dependent molecular and cellular phenotype by hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p using well‐established human ER‐positive (ER+) breast cancer cell lines. miR‐18a was overexpressed in MCF7 and ZR‐75‐1 and this led to an increase in the proliferative ability of the cells and concurrently resulted in decreased expression of luminal markers and higher expression of the basal marker, cytokeratin 14. The cells became more migratory with a significant repression of E‐cadherin and activation of the Wnt noncanonical pathway. We observed an activation of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway with increased activation of JNK pathway and eventually change in actin dynamics. There was increased F‐actin polymerization in cells with higher expression of miR‐18a. Examination of miR‐18a expression in a set of human ER+ breast cancer specimens showed a negative correlation between miR‐18a and ESR1 transcripts as well as ER protein. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of the cohort stratified by tumor hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p levels produced significant differences in disease‐free survival (log rank P < .05). This observation was independently validated in the METABRIC cohort. These data provide support for a role of hsa‐miR‐18a‐5p in altering the proliferative and migratory behavior of ER+ cells and its potential utility as a prognostic marker in clinical ER+ breast cancers.
Flexible bronchoscopy in diagnosis and management of dual tracheoesophageal fistula: A case series
Authors: Wong Matthew D. , Gauld Leanne M. , Masters I. Brent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDual and H‐type tracheoesophageal fistulae can present major diagnostic and management difficulties. A methodological approach with flexible bronchoscopy and a guide wire cannulation technique was used to diagnose, localize, and aid operative surgical management in five children with dual and H‐type tracheoesophageal fistulae. All children had successful outcomes.
Neurologic recovery in systemic nontraumatic fat embolism syndrome in an elderly patient with hemoglobin SC disease: A case report
Authors: Ositelu Ayotunde , Urrutia‐Argueta Samuel , Kapoor Rajat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCerebral fat embolism syndrome is an under‐recognized yet well‐known complication of bone marrow necrosis occurring in patients with sickle cell disease. We highlight a case manifested by multisystem organ failure in an elderly patient who attained neurologic recovery with prompt initiation of hematology consultation, RBC exchange, and supportive measures.
Investigating the impact of the phosphorylation status of tyrosine residues within the TACC domain of TACC3 on microtubule behavior during axon growth and guidance
Authors: Erdogan Burcu , St. Clair Riley M. , Cammarata Garrett M. , Zaccaro Timothy , Ballif Bryan A. , Lowery Laura Anne 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAxon guidance is a critical process in forming the connections between a neuron and its target. The growth cone steers the growing axon toward the appropriate direction by integrating extracellular guidance cues and initiating intracellular signal transduction pathways downstream of these cues. The growth cone generates these responses by remodeling its cytoskeletal components. Regulation of microtubule dynamics within the growth cone is important for making guidance decisions. TACC3, as a microtubule plus‐end binding (EB) protein, modulates microtubule dynamics during axon outgrowth and guidance. We have previously shown that Xenopus laevis embryos depleted of TACC3 displayed spinal cord axon guidance defects, while TACC3‐overexpressing spinal neurons showed increased resistance to Slit2‐induced growth cone collapse. Tyrosine kinases play an important role in relaying guidance signals to downstream targets during pathfinding events via inducing tyrosine phosphorylation. Here, in order to investigate the mechanism behind TACC3‐mediated axon guidance, we examined whether tyrosine residues that are present in TACC3 have any role in regulating TACC3's interaction with microtubules or during axon outgrowth and guidance behaviors. We find that the phosphorylatable tyrosines within the TACC domain are important for the microtubule plus‐end tracking behavior of TACC3. Moreover, TACC domain phosphorylation impacts axon outgrowth dynamics such as growth length and growth persistency. Together, our results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of TACC3 affects TACC3's microtubule plus‐end tracking behavior as well as its ability to mediate axon growth dynamics in cultured embryonic neural tube explants.
Interplay between endoplasmic reticulum membrane contacts and actomyosin cytoskeleton
Authors: Zhang Dan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEukaryotic membrane‐bound organelles, exhibiting distinctive morphologies, dynamics and functions, are interconnected at membrane contact sites (MCSs) through numerous tethering machineries. MCSs are required for many fundamental cellular processes, such as non‐vesicular lipid transfer, calcium transport and organelle homeostasis. Actin cytoskeleton and myosin motors are known to dynamically interact with different membrane boundaries, facilitating organelle movements and partitioning. Intriguingly, recent studies have pinpointed a special participation of actomyosin at various MCSs involving the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the most extensive membranous organelle in the cell. Here, I summarize emerging roles of ER MCSs in modulating actomyosin structures and discuss feedback functions of such actomyosin regulation at these MCSs.
Nanoengineered Skeleton‐surface of Nickel Foam with Additional Dual Functions of Rate‐capability Promotion and Cycling‐life Stabilization for Nickel Sulfide Electrodes
Authors: Li Yanhong , Liu Yuanyuan , Li Jing , Wang Meiri , Wang Wei , Cui Hongtao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBattery‐type electrode materials such as NiS applied in Faradaic supercapacitors (FSs) could display poor performance with regard to rate‐capability and cycling stability due to the inappropriate texture of the electrodes. Numerous works focussed on tuning the microscopic structure of electrode materials, but neglected the influence of the microscopic structure of current collectors such as nickel foam on the electrochemical performance of FSs. In this work, the performance of NiS is associated with the microscopic structure of nickel foams by decorating the 2D porous nanostructured NiS on a 2D nanoengineered skeleton‐surface of nickel foams. It could be inferred from the characterization results that the synergistic effect of both 2D nanostructured NiS and nickel foam significantly promotes the rate‐capability and stabilizes the performance of NiS. Asymmetric supercapacitors using the dually nanostructured NiS/nickel foam as positive electrode and AC as negative electrode exhibit both high energy and high power densities.
The effects of the dental methacrylates TEGDMA, Bis‐GMA, and UDMA on neutrophils in vitro
Authors: Alizadehgharib Sara , Östberg Ann‐Karin , Dahlstrand Rudin Agnes , Dahlgren Ulf , Christenson Karin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe prevalent usage of methacrylates in modern dentistry demands good knowledge of their biological impacts. While there have been several studies demonstrating the effects of different methacrylic monomers on mononuclear white blood cells, very little is known about the effects caused by these monomers on neutrophilic granulocytes. The objective of this study was to add novel knowledge about how neutrophils are affected by exposure to triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (Bis‐GMA) alone or in combinations.Materials and MethodsIsolated neutrophils were cultured in the presence or absence of methacrylates. The IL‐8 release was measured using a DuoSet ELISA development kit. Apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was investigated using Sytox green DNA staining combined with microscopically examination of released DNA and myeloperoxidase (MPO).ResultsThe release of IL‐8 was significantly increased after exposure to TEGDMA, Bis‐GMA, UDMA, or TEGDMA in combination with Bis‐GMA or UDMA compared to the unstimulated controls. Exposure to TEGDMA, UDMA, and Bis‐GMA for 24 hr separately or in combination did not affect apoptosis or necrosis of the exposed neutrophils. NET structures were formed by neutrophils after exposure to the different combinations of the methacrylates.ConclusionThe combination of TEGDMA and Bis‐GMA had a synergistic proinflammatory effect on neutrophils by increasing the release of IL‐8 and the formation of NET structures. The changes in the normal functions of neutrophils caused by methacrylate exposure may lead to altered inflammatory response and relate to previously reported adverse immune reactions caused by these substances.