bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI Study on Tibial Nerve of the Ankle Canal and Its Branches: A method of multiplanar reconstruction with 3D-FIESTA-C sequences
Authors: Zhang Yan , He Xucheng , Li Juan , Ye Ju , Han Wenjuan , Zhou Shanshan , Zhu Jianzhong , Wang Guisheng , chen xiaoxia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The display of tibial nerve and its branches in the ankle canal is helpful for the diagnosis of local lesions and compression, and also for clinical observation and surgical planning.The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of three-dimensional dual-excitation balanced steady-state free precession sequence (3D-FIESTA-C) multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) display of tibial nerve and its branches of the ankle canal.
Methods
The subjects were 20 healthy volunteers (40 ankles), aged 22–50, with no history of ankle joint desease. 3D-FIESTA-C sequence was used in the 3.0t magnetic resonance equipment for imaging. During the scanning, each foot was at a 90-degree angle to the tibia.The tibial nerve of the ankle canal and its branches were displayed and measured at the same level through multiplanar reconstruction.
Results
Most of the tibial nerve bifurcation points were located in the ankle canal (57.5%), few (42.5%) were located at the proximal end of the ankle canal, and none was found away from the distal end. The bifurcation between the medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve is on the line between the tip of the medial malleolus and the calcaneus, and it’s angle is between 6° and 35°.The average cross-sectional diameter of the medial plantar nerve is about mm, and the lateral plantar nerve about mm. In MPR images, the display rates of both the medial calcaneal nerve and the subcalcaneal nerve were 100%, and the starting point of the subcalcaneal nerve was always at the distal end of the starting point of the medial calcaneal nerve. In 55% of cases, there were more than 2 medial calcaneal nerve innervations.
Conclusion
The 3D-FIESTA-C MPR can display the morphological features and positions of tibial nerve and its branches and the bifurcation point’s projection position on the body surface can be marked. This method not only benefited the imaging diagnosis of tibial nerve and branch-related lesions of the ankle canal, but also provided a good imaging basis to plan the clinical operation of the ankle canal and avoid surgical injury.
Study of the Demographic and Clinical Profile in a Neurocutaneous Rare Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jouybari Leila , foji samira , Sanagoo Akram , oladenabidozin Morteza , yazdani Ali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background : Neurofibromatosis is one of the most common dominantly inherited genetic disorders. The aim of this study was Study of the demographic and clinical profile in neurofibromatosis patient. Methods :This study is cross-sectional conducted in 2020 on the population of patients with neurofibromatosis. Patients who are members of Neurofibromatosis Association answered the online demographic and clinical information questionnaire. Results: 446 patients with neurofibromatosis participated in this study with a mean age of 33.39 ± 12.87 years. 297 patients (66.6%) were women and 378 (84.8%) patients had type 1 neurofibromatosis. The disease visibility was reported to be moderate in 254 patients (54.9%) and the severity of the disease was mild in 238 (53.4%) patients. The type of neurofibromatosis was not significantly related to gender, age groups, parental education, and ethnicity. The relationship between severity and age (p = <0.001) and gender (p = 0.042) was significant and the relationship between visibility and age (p = <0.001) was significant but despite the fact that the disease was more visible in men than women, it was not significantly related to gender.Conclusions: The study results showed that the most common complication in the study population was Café au lait spot. In addition, visibility and severity of the disease were mild and moderate, respectively.
The Splicing Factor XAB2 interacts with ERCC1-XPF and XPG for RNA-loop processing during mammalian development
Authors: Goulielmaki Evi , Tsekrekou Maria , Batsiotos Nikos , Ascensão-Ferreira Mariana , Ledaki Eleftheria , Stratigi Kalliopi , Chatzinikolaou Georgia , Topalis Pantelis , Kosteas Theodore , Altmueller Janine , Demmers Jeroen , Barbosa-Morais Nuno , Garinis George 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
RNA splicing, transcription and the DNA damage response are intriguingly linked in mammals but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using an in vivo biotinylation tagging approach in mice, we show that the splicing factor XAB2 interacts with the core spliceosome and that it binds to spliceosomal U4 and U6 snRNAs and pre-mRNAs in developing livers. XAB2 depletion leads to aberrant intron retention, R-loop formation and DNA damage in cells. Studies in illudin S-treated cells and Csbm/m developing livers reveal that transcription-blocking DNA lesions trigger the release of XAB2 from all RNA targets tested. Immunoprecipitation studies reveal that XAB2 interacts with ERCC1-XPF and XPG endonucleases outside nucleotide excision repair and that the trimeric protein complex binds RNA:DNA hybrids under conditions that favor the formation of R-loops. Thus, XAB2 functionally links the spliceosomal response to DNA damage with R-loop processing with important ramifications for mammalian development and transcription-coupled DNA repair disorders.
Blood Pressure and Transient Postoperative Neurologic Deterioration, Following Superficial Temporal-to-middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis in Adult Patients With Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Kim Ji Hyeon , Lee Ho-Young , Kim Seong-Eun , Kim Tackeun , Kim Beom Joon , Bang Jae Seung , Han Moon-Ku , Oh Chang Wan , Bae Hee-Joon , Jeon Young-Tae 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

This study investigated whether intraoperative systolic blood pressure (ISBP) is associated with the risk of transient neurologic deficits (TND), following superficial temporal-to-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD).
Methods

In this retrospective observational study, data from adult patients with MMD who had undergone MCA-STA anastomosis at a single tertiary academic hospital during May 2003-April 2014 were examined. ISBP data were extracted from our clinical data warehouse. Data on patient characteristics were obtained from electronic medical records, including the details of comorbidities and laboratory findings. TND was the primary outcome of interest.
Results

Out of 192 patients (228 hemispheres), 66 (29%) hemispheres had TND after surgery. There were significant differences in ISBP between patients with and without TND. The lowest ISBP quartile was independently associated with TND (odds ratio: 5.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.96–15.46).
Conclusions

Low ISBP might lead to TND after STA-MCA anastomosis in adult patients with MMD. In patients with poor perfusion status, low ISBP was associated with an increased risk of TND. Our findings suggest that strict ISBP control might be required to prevent TND after anastomosis in patients with MMD, in particular, patients with poor perfusion status.
The role of nicotinic receptors in SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in intestinal epithelia
Authors: Hove Anne Sophie ten , Brinkman David Jan , Yim Andrew Y.F. Li , Verseijden Caroline , Hakvoort Theo B.M. , Admiraal Iris , Welting Olaf , Hamersveld Patricia H.P. van , Sinniger Valerie , Bonaz Bruno , Luyer Misha D. , de Jonge Wouter J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background – Recent evidence demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) propagates in intestinal epithelial cells expressing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), implying that these cells represent an important entry site for the viral infection. Nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) have been put forward as potential regulators of inflammation and of ACE2 expression. As vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) activates nAChRs, we aimed to investigate whether VNS can be instrumental in affecting intestinal epithelial ACE2 expression. Methods – By using publicly available datasets we qualified epithelial ACE2 expression in human intestine, and assessed gene co-expression of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 priming Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) with nAChRs in intestinal epithelial cells. Next, we investigated mouse and human ACE2 expression in intestinal tissues after chronic VNS via implanted devices. Results – We show co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 with nAChRs and α7 nAChR in particular in intestinal stem cells, goblet cells, and enterocytes. However, VNS did not affect ACE2 expression in murine or human intestinal tissue, albeit in colitis setting. Conclusions – ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are specifically expressed in epithelial cells of human intestine, and both are co-expressed with nAChRs. However, no evidence for regulation of ACE2 expression through VNS could be found. Hence, there is no indication for a therapeutic value of VNS with respect to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk through ACE2 receptors in intestinal epithelia.
Whole-Proteome Tree of Arthropods: An “alignment-free” phylogeny of proteome “books”
Authors: Kim Sung-Hou , Choi JaeJin , Kim Byung-Ju 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: An “organism tree” of a group of extant-organisms can be considered as a conceptual tree to capture a simplified narrative of the evolutionary course among the organisms. Due to the difficulties of whole-genome sequencing for many organisms, the most common approach has been to construct a “gene tree” by selecting a group of genes common among the organisms, “align” each gene family and estimate evolutionary distances. Despite broad acceptance of the gene trees as the surrogates for the organism trees, there are important limitations and confounding issues with the approach. During last decades, whole-genome sequences of many extant-arthropods became available, providing an opportunity to construct a “whole-proteome tree” of the arthropods, the largest and most species-diverse group of all living animals. Results: An “alignment-free” whole-proteome tree of the arthropods shows that (a) the demographic grouping-pattern is similar to those in the gene trees, but there are notable differences in the branching orders of the groups and the sisterhood relationships between pairs of the groups; and (b) almost all the “founders” of the groups have emerged in an “explosive burst” near the root of the tree. Conclusion: Since the whole-proteome sequence of an organism can be considered as a “book” of amino-acid alphabets, a tree of the books can be constructed, without alignment of sequences, using a text analysis method of Information Theory, which allows comparing the information content of whole-proteomes. Such tree provides another view-point to consider in telling the narrative of kinship among the arthropods.
Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection
Authors: Li Zhexin , Lan Jian-Bin , Liu Yi-Qing , Qi Li-Wang , Tang Jianmin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea.
Results
Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as SOD, POD, CAT, and PAL and endogenous phytohormones such as IAA, GA, ABA, and SA were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes—AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2—were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes.
Conclusions
The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.
Metabonomic analysis reveals EMP pathway activation and flavonoid accumulation during dormancy transition in tree peony
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yuan Yanchao , Zhan Yu , Cao Xinzhe , Liu Chunying , Zhang Yuxi , Gai Shupeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Bud dormancy is a sophisticated strategy in which plants evolved to survive in tough environments. Chilling exposure is an effective method to promote dormancy release in perennial plants including tree peony, and endodormancy is a key obstacle for forcing culture of tree peony. However, the mechanism of dormancy release is still poorly understood, and there are few systematic studies on the metabolomics during chilling induced dormancy transition.
Results
A total of 535 small molecules were obtained in tree peony buds treated with chilling, belonging to flavonoids, amino acid and its derivatives, lipids, organic acids and its derivates, nucleotide and its derivates, alkaloids, hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, carbohydrates and alcohols, phytohormones, coumarins, and vitamins, respectively. 118 differential metabolites were detected, and they involved in serveral metabolic pathways related to dormancy. Sucrose was the most abundant carbohydrate in peony bud. Starch degradation and EMP activity were enhanced during the dormancy release, according to the variations of sugar contents, related enzyme activities and key genes expression. Flavonoids synthesis and accunmulation were also promoted by prolonged chilling, which might attribute to the activated expression of PsDFR and PsANS. Moreover, the variations of phytohormones (SA, JA, ABA, and IAA) indicated they played different roles in dormancy transition.
Conclusion
Our study suggested that starch degradation, EMP activation, and flavonoid accumulation were crucial and associated with bud dormancy transition in tree peony.
Alloying of Alkali Metals with Tellurene
Authors: Jain Rishabh , Yuan Yifei , Singh Yashpal , Basu Swastik , Wang Dawei , Yang Aijun , Wang Xiaohua , Rong Mingzhe , Lee Ho Jin , Frey David , Khadka Rajan , Hundekar Prateek , Kim Sang Ouk , Han Fudong , Wang Lin-wang , Mitlin David , Shahbazian-Yassar Reza , Koratkar Nikhil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Graphite is ubiquitous as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, but offers relatively low volumetric capacity (330 to 430 mAh cm-3). By contrast, Tellurene (Te) is expected to alloy with alkali metals with high volumetric capacity (~2620 mAh cm-3), but to date there is no detailed study on its alloying behavior. In this work, we have investigated the alloying response of a range of alkali metals (A = Li, Na or K) with few-layer Te. In-situ transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory both indicate that Te alloys with alkali metals forming A2Te. However, the crystalline order of alloyed products varied significantly from single-crystal (for Li2Te) to polycrystalline (for Na2Te and K2Te). It is well established that typical alloying materials (e.g., silicon, tin, black phosphorous) lose their crystallinity when reacted with Li. The ability of Te to retain its crystallinity is therefore surprising. Nudged elastic band calculations and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that compared to Na or K, the migration of Li is highly “isotropic” in Te, enabling its crystallinity to be preserved. Such isotropic Li transport is made possible by Te’s peculiar structure comprised of chiral chains bound by van der Waals forces. To evaluate the electrochemical performance of Te, we tested Te electrodes in half-cells vs Li/Na/K metal. While alloying with Na and K showed poor performance, with Li, the Te electrode exhibited a volumetric capacity of ~700 mAh cm-3, which is about two-times the practical capacity of commercial graphite. Such Te based batteries could play an important role in applications where high volumetric energy and power density are of paramount importance.
A Community Based Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence Of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and Health Related Quality of Life in Pakistani Females
Authors: Naz Sajida , Anjum Nimra , Gul Iram 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a hormonal disorder and its symptoms exist in most of young females. In Pakistan, PCOS diagnosis is being reported at an alarming rate, however the frequency of early diagnosis is very low.Objectives: Objective of this community based study was to find out prevalence of PCOS related symptomology based on Rotterdam criteria in Punjab district of Pakistan. Moreover, the relationship between health status and PCO related quality of life was also assessed.Methods: 1258 young females within the age range of 18-25 years participated in a cross sectional survey from the various colleges of Punjab District. The participants completed the questionnaire of Short Form-36, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Questionnaire and Clinical Profile Form.Results: There was an increased prevalence of one or two PCOS symptoms (i.e., Menstrual Irregularity and Hirtuism) in most of young females. Most of the females were not aware of the PCOS phenomenon. Furthermore, pearson correlation analysis on study scales revealed that with increase in PCOS symptomology, there are chances that quality of life will be poor.Discussion and Conclusion: These findings suggest that still most of educated females are largely unaware about PCOS symptoms, it needs further expansion in terms of educational seminars to promote awareness about risk factors. The results of this study can be used by educational institutions or health care centers for promoting PCOS awareness and contributing towards early diagnosis and prevention.
A Cambrian fossil from the Chengjiang fauna sharing characters with gilled lobopodians and radiodontans
Authors: Liu Jianni , Dunlop Jason A. , Steiner Michael , Shu Degan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Lobopodians are worm-like animals with simple legs. Probably representing a grade of organization, rather than an explicit clade, some lobopodians are thought to have given rise to both Euarthropoda and Onychophora (velvet worms). Another subset has been referred to as gilled lobopodians, and are characterized by flap-like appendages along the trunk and large, raptorial forelimbs. These animals probably include the ancestors of another important Cambrian group, the Radiodonta: large predatory or filter-feeding stem-arthropods such as Anomalocaris.Results: Parvibellus atavusgen. et sp. nov.from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of China is a small fossil preserving a distinct cephalic region bearing a pair of lateral projections and a circular, ventral mouth. The trunk bears eleven pairs of flap-like appendages and a short pair of terminal projections. A circular ventral mouth is also seen in Radiodonta and in some gilled lobopodians. Parvibellus atavus, gilled lobopodians and radiodontans also share the character of flap-like appendages along the trunk. However, the new fossil differs from radiodontans and gilled lobopodians by its small size and the absence of enlarged and/or raptorial frontal appendages. It also differs from gilled lobopodians in lacking ventral lobopod limbs, and from radiodontans in lacking stalked eyes. Conclusions: Parvibellus atavus expresses a unique combination of characters among Cambrian arthropods, and could be part of an early radiation of nektonic stem-Euarthropoda. Lobopodians have emerged as a diverse grade of proto-arthropods ('worms with legs'), walking on the substrate of the early Palaeozoic seas. The new fossil hints at a similarly diverse fauna of nektonic (swimming) stem-group arthropods in the Cambrian, from which gilled lobopodians and radiodontans may have evolved.
A versatile DNA origami based plasmonic nanoantenna for label-free single-molecule SERS
Authors: Tapio Kosti , Mostafa Amr , Kanehira Yuya , Suma Antonio , Dutta Anushree , Bald Ilko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
DNA origami technology allows for the precise nanoscale assembly of chemical entities that give rise to new functional materials. We have created a versatile DNA Origami Nanofork Antenna (DONA) by assembling Au or Ag nanoparticle dimers with 1.17 ± 0.67 nm gap size, enabling signal enhancements in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of up to 1011. This allows for single-molecule SERS measurements, which can even be performed with larger gap sizes to accommodate differently sized molecules, and at various excitation wavelengths. A general scheme is presented to place single analyte molecules into the SERS hot spots using the DNA origami structure exploiting covalent and non-covalent coupling schemes. By using Au and Ag dimers, single-molecule SERS measurements of three dyes and cytochrome c and horseradish peroxidase proteins are demonstrated even under non-resonant excitation conditions, thus providing long photostability during time-series measurement, and enabling unprecedented optical monitoring of single molecules and DNA origami based nanomachines.
Report on planning comparison of VMAT, IMRT and helical tomotherapy for the ESCALOX-trial pre-study
Authors: Pigorsch Steffi Ulrike , Kampfer Severin , Oechsner Markus , Mayinger Michael Christian , Mozes Petra , Devecka Michal , Kessel Kerstin , Combs Stephanie Elisabeth , Wilkens Jan Jacob 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The ESCALOX trial was designed as a multicenter, randomized prospective dose escalation study for head and neck cancer. Therefore, feasibility of treatment planning via different treatment planning systems (TPS) and radiotherapy (RT) techniques is essential. We hypothesized the comparability of dose distributions for simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) volumes respecting the constraints by different TPS and RT techniques. Methods: CT data sets of the first six patients (all male, mean age: 61.3 years) of the pre-study (up to 77 Gy) were used for comparison of IMRT, VMAT, and helical tomotherapy (HT). Oropharynx was the primary tumor location. Normalization of the three step SIB (77 Gy, 70 Gy, 56 Gy) was D95%=77 Gy. Coverage (CVF), healthy tissue conformity index (HTCI), conformation number (CN), and dose homogeneity (HI) were compared for PTVs and conformation index (COIN) for parotids. Results: All RT techniques achieved good coverage. For SIB77Gy, CVF was best for IMRT and VMAT, HT achieved highest CN followed by VMAT and IMRT. HT reached good HTCI value, and HI compared to both other techniques. For SIB70Gy, CVF was best by IMRT. HTCI favored HT, consequently CN as well. HI was slightly better for HT. For SIB56Gy, CVF resulted comparably. Conformity favors VMAT as seen by HTCI and CN. Dmean of ipsilateral and contralateral parotids favor HT. Conclusion: Different TPS for dose escalation reliably achieved high plan quality. Despite the very good results of HT planning for coverage, conformity, and homogeneity, the TPS also achieved acceptable results for IMRT and VMAT. Funding: The ESCALOX trial was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); Grant No.: MO-363/4-1. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 01212354, EudraCT-No.: 2010-021139-15. ARO: ARO 14-01