bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of creatinine‐based methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in patients with heart failure
Authors: Jonsson Anna , Viklund Ida , Jonsson Andreas , Valham Fredrik , Bergdahl Ellinor , Lindmark Krister , Norberg Helena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsGlomerular filtration rate is an important factor in management of heart failure (HF). Our objective was to validate eight creatinine‐based equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in an HF population against measured glomerular filtration rate.Methods and resultsOne hundred forty‐six HF patients (mean age 68 ± 13 years, mean left ventricular ejection fraction 45% ± 15) within a single‐centre hospital that underwent 51Cr‐EDTA clearance between 2010 and 2018 were included in this retrospective study. eGFR was estimated by means of Cockcroft–Gault ideal and actual weight, the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD), simplified MDRD with isotope dilution mass spectroscopy traceable calibration, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration, revised Lund–Malmö, full age spectrum, and the Berlin Initiative Study 1. Mean measured glomerular filtration rate was 42 mL/min/1.73 m2. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) had the highest precision for MDRD (r = 0.9), followed by revised Lund–Malmö (r = 0.88). All equations except MDRD (mean difference −4.8%) resulted in an overestimation of the renal function. The accuracy was below 75% for all equations except MDRD.ConclusionsNone of the exclusively creatinine‐based methods was accurate in predicting eGFR in HF patients. Our findings suggest that more accurate methods are needed for determining eGFR in patients with HF.
Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of restaurant food handlers in a lower‐middle‐income country
Authors: Ncube France , Kanda Artwell , Chijokwe Morleen , Mabaya Goden , Nyamugure Tendayi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlobal research attention appears to be focused predominantly on self‐reported than observed food safety practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and self‐reported and observed practices of food handlers in 22 urban restaurants in Zimbabwe. A piloted questionnaire was used to gather qualitative data regarding socio‐demographic variables, food safety knowledge (FSK), attitudes, and self‐reported food handling practices (SRFHPs). A predesigned checklist was used to observe the food handling practices. FSK scores were significantly higher in food handlers who received basic food safety training compared to those who did not (p < .05). No differences in food safety knowledge and attitudes were noted based on the socio‐demographic characteristics of the food handlers (p > .05). A significant positive correlation was observed between FSK and attitudes (rs = 0.371, p < .05), FSK and SRFHPs (rs = 0.242, p < 0.05), FSK and observed food handling practices (OFHPs) (rs = 0.254, p < .05), attitudes and SRFPs (rs = 0.229, p < .05), and attitudes and OFHPs (rs = 0.263, p < .05). About half of the food handlers washed their hands in sinks meant for washing cutlery, 57% did not use approved hand drying methods, and 19.8% did not adequately thaw frozen foods. Food was commonly defrosted either under room temperature or using hot water (>45°C). Results suggest a need for mandatory basic and advanced training to improve the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices.
Comparison on chemical compositions and antioxidant capacities of the green, oolong, and red tea from blueberry leaves
Authors: Chai Zhi , Tian Liangliang , Yu Hong , Zhang Liangcong , Zeng Qilong , Wu Han , Yan Zheng , Li Dajing , Hutabarat Ruth Paulina , Huang Wuyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBlueberry leaves, by‐products of the blueberry industry, could be explored as source of functional foods, such as teas. Three different types of tea, including nonfermented green tea, semifermented oolong tea, and fully fermented red tea from blueberry leaves, were investigated on their chemical compositions and antioxidant capacities here. The contents of individual amino acids in three types varied, while the total amounts retained constant. A total of 167 volatiles were detected with alcohols, alkenes, and aldehydes as the dominant. More volatiles produced in the fermented teas. The total phenolic/flavonoid contents were highest in the green tea and decreased significantly in the oolong and red teas, correlating inversely with the fermentation degree. The highest levels of representative phenolics, that is, phenolic acids and flavonol glycosides, contributed to the strongest antioxidant capacity in the green tea. These indicated that blueberry leaves provided promising and prospective potential to develop new teas beneficial for health.
Evidence demonstrating the pharmacist's direct impact on clinical outcomes in pediatric patients: An opinion of the pediatrics practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: LaRochelle Joseph M. , Smith Katherine P. , Benavides Sandra , Bobo Kelly , Chung Allison M. , Farrington Elizabeth , Kennedy Audrey , Knoppert David , Lee Bernard , Manasco Kalen B. , Pettit Rebecca , Phan Hanna , Potts Amy L. , Sandritter Tracy , Hagemann Tracy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe pharmacist's role in pediatric care is critical for the provision of safe medication use secondary to differences in physical development, frequent off label use of medications, need for dose calculations, and the lack of standard dosage forms. Many regulatory agencies, health care organizations, and professional societies support the pharmacist as a member of the interdisciplinary team. However, specific details showcasing how pharmacists impact the care of pediatric patients in a quantifiable and meaningful way have not been well described. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of evidence demonstrating measurable clinical outcomes directly resulting from pharmacist participation in pediatric patient care. This report is an opinion paper of The American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) Pediatrics Practice and Research Network and has been endorsed by the Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA). This article represents the opinion of the Pediatrics Practice and Research Network of ACCP. It does not necessarily represent an official ACCP commentary, guideline, or statement of policy or position.
Oxidation of a cysteine‐derived nucleophilic reagent by dimethyl sulfoxide in the amino acid derivative reactivity assay
Authors: Akimoto Miyuki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Watanabe Shinichi , Yamaga Hiroaki , Yoshida Kousuke , Wakabayashi Koji , Tahara Yu , Horie Nobuyuki , Fujimoto Keiichi , Kusakari Kei , Kamiya Kohei , Kojima Kohichi , Kawakami Tsuyoshi , Kojima Hajime , Ono Atsushi , Kasahara Toshihiko , Fujita Masaharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe amino acid derivative reactivity assay (ADRA), which is an in chemico alternative to the use of animals in testing for skin sensitization potential, offers significant advantages over the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) in that it utilizes nucleophilic reagents that are sensitive enough to be used with test chemical solutions prepared to concentrations of 1 mm, which is one‐hundredth that of DPRA. ADRA testing of hydrophobic or other poorly soluble compounds requires that they be dissolved in a solvent consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and acetonitrile. DMSO is known to promote dimerization by oxidizing thiols, which then form disulfide bonds. We investigated the extent to which DMSO oxidizes the cysteine‐derived nucleophilic reagents used in both DPRA and ADRA and found that oxidation of both N‐(2‐(1‐naphthyl)acetyl)‐l‐cysteine (NAC) and cysteine peptide increases as the concentration of DMSO increases, thereby lowering the concentration of the nucleophilic reagent. We also found that use of a solvent consisting of 5% DMSO in acetonitrile consistently lowered NAC concentrations by about 0.4 μm relative to the use of solvents containing no DMSO. We also tested nine sensitizers and four nonsensitizers having different sensitization potencies to compare NAC depletion with and without 5% DMSO and found that reactivity was about the same with either solvent. Based on the above, we conclude that the use of a solvent containing 5% DMSO has no effect on the accuracy of ADRA test results. We plan to review and propose revisions to OECD Test Guideline 442C based on the above investigation.
Aligned nanofibers of decellularized muscle extracellular matrix for volumetric muscle loss
Authors: Patel Krishna H. , Talovic Muhamed , Dunn Andrew J. , Patel Anjali , Vendrell Sara , Schwartz Mark , Garg Koyal 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVolumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic loss of muscle tissue that results in chronic functional impairment. When injured, skeletal muscle is capable of small‐scale repair; however, regenerative capacities are lost with VML due to a critical loss stem cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Consequences of VML include either long‐term disability or delayed amputations of the affected limb. While the prevalence of VML is substantial, currently a successful clinical therapy has not been identified. In a previous study, an electrospun composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and decellularized‐ECM (D‐ECM) supported satellite cell‐mediated myogenic activity in vitro. In this study, we investigate the extent to which this electrospun scaffold can support functional muscle regeneration in a murine model of VML. Experimental groups included no treatment, pure PCL treated, and PCL:D‐ECM (50:50 blend) treated VML defects. The PCL:D‐ECM scaffold treated VML muscles supported increased activity of anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages (arginase+) at Day 28, compared to other experimental groups. Increased myofiber (MHC+) regeneration was observed histologically at both Days 7 and 28 post‐trauma in blend scaffold treated group compared to PCL treated and untreated groups. However, improvements in muscle weights and force production were not observed. Future studies would evaluate muscle function at longer time‐points post‐VML injury to allow sufficient time for reinnervation of regenerated muscle fibers.
Survey of cytotoxic and UV protection effects of biosynthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Miri Abdolhossein , Akbarpour Birjandi Shiva , Sarani Mina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are among the important nanoparticles that are extensively utilized in cosmetics, automotive industries, ultraviolet (UV) filtration, gas sensors, and pharmaceutical products. In this study, CeO2 NPs were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Ziziphus jujube fruit. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV‐visible spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, field energy scanning electron microscopy, and Raman methods. The results indicated that the size of synthesized nanoparticles is between 18 and 25 nm, and they have a spherical shape. UV absorbance of the synthesized nanoparticles was measured through spectrophotometric method in the range of 290 to 320 nm. The cytotoxic activity of synthesized CeO2 NPs against colon (HT‐29) cancer cell line was surveyed through 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The results showed that synthesized nanoparticles are nontoxic on HT‐29 cells under 400 μg/mL concentrations after 24 hours of treatment time periods. The increase in treatment time cases increases cytotoxic activity of synthesized nanoparticles. Sun protection factor of CeO2 NPs, as a criterion for amount of sunlight radiation protection, was determined by applying Mansur equation. The results demonstrated that synthesized CeO2 NPs have excellent UV protection and sunscreen physical absorption properties.
Comparison of paired cerebrospinal fluid and serum cell‐free mitochondrial and nuclear DNA with copy number and fragment length
Authors: Chen Aolong , Li Jun , Wang Lei , Huang Qin , Zhu Jiajin , Wen Shumeng , Lyu Jianxin , Wu Wenhe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundMost studies on cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) were only for single body fluids; however, the differences in cfDNA distribution between two body fluids are rarely reported. Hence, in this work, we compared the differences in cfDNA distribution between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients with brain‐related diseases.MethodsThe fragment length of cfDNA was determined by using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The copy numbers of cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (cf‐mtDNA) and cell‐free nuclear DNA (cf‐nDNA) were determined by using real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) with three pairs of mitochondrial ND1 and nuclear GAPDH primers, respectively.ResultsThere were short (~60 bp), medium (~167 bp), and long (>250 bp) cfDNA fragment length distributions totally obtained from CSF and serum using Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The results of both qPCR and ddPCR confirmed the existence of these three cfDNA fragment ranges in CSF and serum. According to qPCR, the copy numbers of long cf‐mtDNA, medium, and long cf‐nDNA in CSF were significantly higher than in paired serum. In CSF, only long cf‐mtDNA's copy numbers were higher than long cf‐nDNA. But in serum, the copy numbers of medium and long cf‐mtDNA were higher than the corresponding cf‐nDNA.ConclusionThe cf‐nDNA and cf‐mtDNA with different fragment lengths differentially distributed in the CSF and serum of patients with brain disorders, which might serve as a biomarker of human brain diseases.
MMP9, CXCR1, TLR6, and MPO participant in the progression of coronary artery disease
Authors: Wang Che , Li Qingmin , Yang Honghui , Gao Chuanyu , Du Qiubo , Zhang Caili , Zhu Lijie , Li Qingman 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cardiovascular disease, which is induced by the decreased myocardial blood supply. The present study is conducted to understand the mechanisms of CAD. The GSE98583, GSE69587, and GSE71226 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were obtained. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by the limma package, then the DEGs appeared in two or three datasets were selected as the coregulated genes using the VENNY tool, followed by enrichment analysis using DAVID tool. Protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA‐transcription factor‐target regulatory network, and drug‐gene network were visualized. Finally, quantitative PCR and dual‐luciferase reporter assay were conducted to validate the expression of key genes and the target relationship. There were 221 coregulated genes in GSE98583, GSE69587, and GSE71226. Besides, four pathways and 23 functional terms for co‐upregulated genes, and 11 functional terms for co‐downregulated genes were enriched. The degrees of PPI network nodes matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1), toll‐like receptor 6 (TLR6), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were relatively higher. Moreover, MPO could interact with MMP9, CXCR1, and TLR6 in the PPI network. In the regulatory network, TLR6 and MMP9 separately were targeted by miR‐3960 and v‐rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA). Additionally, MMP9, CXCR1, and MPO were involved in the drug‐gene network. The expression of MMP9, CXCR1, TLR6, and MPO were significantly upregulated in CAD samples than control, and miR‐3960 could bind to TLR6 to inhibit its expression. CXCR1 and MPO might be involved in the progression of CAD. Besides, miR‐3960 might function in the pathogenesis of CAD through targeting TLR6, and RELA might exert its role in CAD via targeting MMP9.
A degradatory fate for CCR4 suggests a primary role in Th2 inflammation
Authors: Anderson Caroline A. , Patel Pallavi , Viney Jonathan M. , Phillips Rhian M. , Solari Roberto , Pease James E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
CCR4 is the sole receptor for the chemokines CCL22 and CCL17. Clinical studies of asthmatic airways have shown levels of both ligands and CCR4+ Th2 cells to be elevated, suggestive of a role in disease. Consequently, CCR4 has aroused much interest as a potential therapeutic target and an understanding of how its cell surface expression is regulated is highly desirable. To this end, receptor expression, receptor endocytosis, and chemotaxis were assessed using transfectants expressing CCR4, CCR4+ human T cell lines, and human Th2 cells polarized in vitro. CCL17 and CCL22 drove rapid endocytosis of CCR4 in a dose-dependent manner. Replenishment at the cell surface was slow and sensitive to cycloheximide, suggestive of de novo synthesis of CCR4. Constitutive CCR4 endocytosis was also observed, with the internalized CCR4 found to be significantly degraded over a 6-h incubation. Truncation of the CCR4 C-terminus by 40 amino acids had no effect on cell surface expression, but resulted in significant impairment of ligand-induced endocytosis. Consequently, migration to both CCL17 and CCL22 was significantly enhanced. In contrast, truncation of CCR4 did not impair constitutive endocytosis or degradation, suggesting the use of alternative receptor motifs in these processes. We conclude that CCR4 cell surface levels are tightly regulated, with a degradative fate for endocytosed receptor. We postulate that this strict control is desirable, given that Th2 cells recruited by CCR4 can induce the further expression of CCR4 ligands in a positive feedback loop, thereby enhancing allergic inflammation.
Influence of the subtropical ridge on directional wave power in the southeast Indian Ocean
Authors: Mortlock Thomas R. , Baillie Zak , Goodwin Ian D. , Browning Stuart 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChanges in the intensity and position of subtropical anticyclones are major drivers of wave climate around Australia. The quasi‐stationary ridge of high atmospheric pressure in the mid‐latitudes is known as the Subtropical Ridge (STR). In this study, we decompose the directional wave climate along the Western Australian Shelf (WAS) into three primary modes of variability using a statistical‐synoptic typing approach, and relate the wave power signatures of each to movements in the STR. We find a significant reduction in wave power along the WAS over the past 35 years. This is synonymous with an intensification of the STR resulting in blocking of powerful Southern Ocean Low wave conditions, a small increase in weaker anticyclonic waves, and a reduction in total wave power. A persistent intensification and/or poleward shift in the STR, associated with anthropogenic warming, may result in a continued decrease and anticlockwise rotation in wave power along the WAS. The approach taken in this article relates empirical changes in wave climate to movements in large‐scale climate drivers which can be used to complement the understanding of climate‐model based scenarios of wave climate change.
Synergism between recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/absorbable collagen sponge and bone substitutes favors vertical bone augmentation and the resorption rate of the biomaterials: Histomorphometric and 3D microcomputed tomography analysis
Authors: Polo Cristiane Ibanhes , Sendyk Wilson Roberto , Correa Luciana , Sendyk Daniel , Deboni Maria Cristina Zindel , Naclério‐Homem Maria da Graça 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) is an osteoinductor frequently used for bone regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery. There is no consensus about the ideal carrier for this growth factor. The aim of this study was to compare the bone augmentation, bone microarchitecture, and biodegradation rate of additional carriers to rhBMP‐2/absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in a vertical guided bone regeneration model.MethodsFour titanium cylinders were fixed onto the calvaria of rabbits (n = 20) that received (n = 10) or not (n = 10) rhBMP‐2/ACS in conjunction with one of the carriers: beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), bovine bone mineral (BBM) or blood clot. The samples were analyzed by means of microcomputed tomography and histomorphology after 14 weeks.ResultsAll the materials with rhBMP‐2/ACS exhibited improvement on bone augmentation, mainly BCP (P = 0.033) and β‐TCP (P = 0.038), in the upper portion of the cylinder. Although trabecular anisotropy was improved in all the materials groups, trabecular connectivity was diminished when the biomaterials received rhBMP‐2/ACS. Resorption rate of the remaining biomaterial was improved by rhBMP‐2/ACS, mainly in BBM (P <0.01) and β‐TCP (P <0.01). BBM exhibited the highest osteoclast density compared with the other materials groups.ConclusionsBCP and β‐TCP biomaterials exhibited a synergic effect with rhBMP‐2/ACS, acting as suitable and viable carriers for vertical bone augmentation. The addition of rhBMP‐2 significantly affected the biodegradation of β‐TCP and BBM, accelerating the resorption of these materials.
A Raman study on the intracluster interactions of aminothiophenol‐protected Ag7 clusters—Photo‐assisted N─N coupling reaction of the ligand
Authors: An Pan , Zhang Hongchao , Yang Mengzhou , Anumula Rajini , Cui Chaonan , Luo Zhixun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe have synthesized Ag7 nanoclusters via a facile one‐pot procedure with p‐aminothiophenol (PATP) as the ligand. The chemical component of this Ag7 cluster is determined to be Ag7(C6H6NS)7H+ by high‐resolution electrospray mass spectrometry, where a few fragment peaks are also observed such as [Ag7(C6H6NS)4H3Na]+. For this PATP‐protected Ag7 cluster, we have conducted a Raman investigation to probe in the intracluster interactions and find an essentially different Raman feature from that the nascent PATP ligand, pertaining to photo‐assistant catalytic conversion of PATP to p,p'‐dimercapto azobenzene (DMAB). Utilizing density‐functional‐theory (DFT) calculations, we have performed natural population analysis, natural bond orbital analysis, and electron density difference analysis to fully demonstrate the intracluster interactions between Ag7 clusters and the ligand. What is interesting is that the protection ligand PATP helps stabilize the Ag7 metallic core, and in turn, the metal core Ag7 catalyzes the protection ligands giving rise to N─N coupling reaction. On this basis, we have proposed a reaction pathway on a basis of DFT calculations to provide further insights into the reaction mechanism of PATP‐to‐DMAB conversion at the presence of the Ag7 clusters.
Rapid screening of amitraz and its metabolite residues in honey using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction method coupled with UHPLC and Q Exactive
Authors: Li Yanping , Li Yuxiang , Yang Yan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA method for determining amitraz and 2,4‐dimethylaniline in honey was established by using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatoghaphy and Q Exactive after applying quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extracting process. A suitable extraction method was designed to extract the amitraz and 2,4‐dimethylaniline after a suitable amount of honey samples was dissolved. A Thermo Syncronis C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for chromatographic separation of the samples. Then the two compounds were quantitatively analyzed via a program of Q Exactive. The linearity of amitraz and 2,4‐dimethylaniline was good in the concentration range of 0.5–100 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient R2 was >0.99. The average recovery and relative standard deviation of each component were 81.3–90.0% and 5.1–7.2%. The 24‐ and 48‐h test results showed that the sample needed to be tested within 24 h. The limit of detection was 0.1 μg/kg for amitraz and 2,4‐dimethylaniline, whereas for both the limit of quantitation was 0.3 μg/kg.