bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported mini olfactory questionnaire (Self‐MOQ): A simple and useful measurement for the screening of olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Zou Lai‐quan , Linden Lena , Cuevas Mandy , Metasch Marie‐Luise , Welge‐Lüssen Antje , Hähner Antje , Hummel Thomas 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesOlfactory dysfunction is a common problem. However, too little attention has been paid to questionnaires used to evaluate quantitative olfactory dysfunction. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a simple self‐reported Mini Olfactory Questionnaire (Self‐MOQ) for the screening of quantitative olfactory dysfunction in clinical practice.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty‐five patients who had subjective complaints of olfactory disorder participated. The Sniffin’ Sticks test score was used to define functional anosmia, hyposmia, or normosmia. We assessed the factor structure as well as internal consistency, convergent validity, and discrimination performance.ResultsThe results showed that the final version of the Self‐MOQ included only one factor with five items. The Self‐MOQ has a good internal reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.84) and validity (r = −0.60, P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the Self‐MOQ as compared to a visual analogue scale (VAS) is an effective measure for discriminating normosmic from hyposmic/anosmic patients, anosmic patients, and hyposmic patients.ConclusionThe Self‐MOQ is a simple, reliable and valid questionnaire to screen olfactory dysfunction in clinical practice that appears to be superior to the use of VASs but does not replace olfactory testing.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 2019
Seasonal variability of calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution in shallow coral reef sediments
Authors: Stoltenberg Laura , Schulz Kai G. , Cyronak Tyler , Eyre Bradley D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractShallow, permeable calcium carbonate (CaCO3) sediments make up a large proportion of the benthic cover on coral reefs and account for a large fraction of the standing stock of CaCO3. There have been a number of laboratory, mesocosm, and in situ studies examining shallow sediment metabolism and dissolution, but none of these have considered seasonal variability. Advective benthic chambers were used to measure in situ net community calcification (NCC) rates of CaCO3 sediments on Heron Island, Australia (Great Barrier Reef) over an annual cycle. Sediments were, on average, net precipitating during the day and net dissolving at night throughout the year. Night dissolution rates (−NCCNIGHT) were highest in the austral autumn and lowest in the austral winter driven by changes in respiration (R) and to a lesser extent temperature and Ωarag/pH. Similarly, precipitation during the day (+NCCDAY) was highest in March and lowest in winter, driven primarily by benthic net primary production (NPP) and temperature. On average, sediments were net precipitating over a diel cycle (NCC24h) but shifted to net dissolving in July and December. This shift was largely caused by the differential effects of seasonal cycles in organic metabolism and carbonate chemistry on NCCDAY and NCCNIGHT. The results from this study highlight the large variability in sediment CaCO3 dynamics and the need to include repeated measurements over different months and seasons, particularly in shallow reef systems that can experience large swings in light, temperature, and carbonate chemistry.
2D Layered Materials: Synthesis, Nonlinear Optical Properties, and Device Applications
Authors: Guo Bo , Xiao Quan‐lan , Wang Shi‐hao , Zhang Han 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, 2D layered materials, including graphene, topological insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and metal‐organic frameworks, have attracted considerable interest due to their potential applications in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, and energy. Their rise in the field of nonlinear photonics began around 2009 and has become an important research direction. Here, the synthesis techniques, nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and device applications of layered materials are reviewed. In terms of nonlinear optical properties, the focus is on saturable absorption and Kerr nonlinearity. On this basis, their applications in various pulsed lasers, including fiber lasers, solid‐state lasers, waveguide lasers, and related nonlinear optical phenomenon, are summarized. In addition, novel optical devices using layered materials, such as optical modulators, optical polarizers, optical switchers, and even all‐optical device, are also involved. It is believed that the development of 2D layered materials in the field of photonics will continue to deepen, thus laying a good foundation for its practical application.
Quinine Improves the Fungicidal Effects of Antimicrobial Blue Light: Implications for the Treatment of Cutaneous Candidiasis
Authors: Leanse Leon G. , Goh Xueping Sharon , Dai Tianhong 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectiveCandida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of clinical importance and is the primary cause of fungal‐associated wound infections, sepsis, or pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. With the rise in antimicrobial resistance, it is becoming increasingly difficult to successfully treat fungal infections using traditional antifungals, signifying that alternative non‐traditional approaches must be explored for their efficacy.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe investigated the combination of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) and quinine hydrochloride (Q‐HCL) for improved inactivation of C. albicans, in vitro and in vivo, relative to either monotherapy. In addition, we evaluated the safety of this combination therapy in vivo using the TUNEL assay.ResultsThe combination of aBL (108 J/cm2) with Q‐HCL (1 mg/mL) resulted in a significant improvement in the inactivation of C. albicans planktonic cells in vitro, where a 7.04 log10 colony forming units (CFU) reduction was achieved, compared with aBL alone that only inactivated 3.06 log10 CFU (P < 0.001) or Q‐HCL alone which did not result in a loss of viability. aBL + Q‐HCL was also effective at inactivating 48‐hour biofilms, with an inactivation 1.73 log10 CFU at the dose of 108 J/cm2 aBL and 1 mg/mL Q‐HCL, compared with only a 0.73 or 0.66 log10 CFU by aBL and Q‐HCL alone, respectively (P < 0.001). Transmission electron microscopy revealed that aBL + Q‐HCL induced morphological and ultrastructural changes consistent with cell wall and cytoplasmic damage. In addition, aBL + Q‐HCL was effective at eliminating C. albicans within mouse abrasion wounds, with a 2.47 log10 relative luminescence unit (RLU) reduction at the dose of 324 J/cm2 aBL and 0.4 mg/cm2 Q‐HCL, compared with a 1.44 log10 RLU reduction by aBL alone. Q‐HCL or nystatin alone did not significantly reduce the RLU. The TUNEL assay revealed some apoptotic cells before and 24 hours following treatment with aBL + Q‐HCL.ConclusionThe combination of aBL + Q‐HCL was effective at eliminating C. albicans both in vitro and in vivo. A comprehensive assessment of toxicity (cytotoxicity and genotoxicity) is required to fully determine the safety of aBL + Q‐HCL therapy at different doses. In conclusion, the combination of aBL and Q‐HCL may be a viable option for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modified TLR‐mediated downregulation of miR‐125b‐5p enhances CD248 (endosialin)‐induced metastasis and drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Park Ga‐Bin , Jeong Jee‐Yeong , Kim Daejin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCD248, also called endosialin or tumor endothelial marker‐1, is markedly upregulated in almost all cancers, including colon cancers. Changes in microRNA profiles are one of the direct causes of cancer development and progression. In this study, we investigated whether a change in CD248 expression in colon cancer cells could induce drug resistance after chemotherapy, and we explored the relationship between miR‐125b‐5p levels and CD248 expression in Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐modified chemoresistant colon cancer cells. TLR2/6 and TLR5 upregulation in drug‐resistant colon cancer cells contributed to miR‐125b‐5p downregulation and specificity protein 1 (Sp1)‐mediated CD248 upregulation via nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation. Exposure to specific TLR2/6 or TLR5 ligands enhanced the expression of mesenchymal markers as well as the migratory activity of oxaliplatin‐ or 5‐fluorouracil‐resistant colon cancer cells. The transfection of a synthetic miR‐125b‐5p mimic into chemoresistant cells prevented Sp1 and CD248 activation and significantly impaired invasive activity. Furthermore, Sp1 or CD248 gene silencing as well as miR‐125b‐5p overexpression markedly reversed drug resistance and inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in colon cancer cells. Taken together, these results suggest that changes in miR‐125b‐5p levels play an important role in Sp1‐mediated CD248 expression and the development of drug resistance in TLR‐mutated colon cancer cells.
High‐Tech Futures in “Silicon Holler”
Authors: Hayes Lauren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTechnology training and job placement programs are becoming common forms of economic development in the United States, presenting hopeful futures for rural regions facing job loss. While these endeavors often draw on local identities to market new programs, they also involve multiple stakeholders who represent a diversity of experiences and work history. This essay discusses the way that individuals negotiate efforts to create a “Silicon Holler” tech industry in rural Appalachia.
Time Lag
Authors: Jusionyte Ieva 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article draws on ethnographic fieldwork with emergency responders in southern Arizona and northern Sonora that I conducted between 2015 and 2017 and my professional training and volunteer service as a paramedic. In retelling an episode when an aspiring wildland firefighter collapsed and died in a remote desert in the southwestern United States, I examine how rural space is experienced as time.
Manufacturing Home
Authors: Shapiro Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMaking the colonist’s home mobile, disregarding local ecologies and building practices, is foundational to the settler‐colonial project. This article tracks the mobile home from its role as a key architecture of occupation and settlement by the British Empire to being a superlative embodiment of hydrocarbon‐infused commodities and homes after World War II. As the violences of mobile home ownership are coterminous with the violences of settler colonialism, an equitable vision of affordable housing cannot stop at achieving racial parity for toxic/classist loans (for often toxic homes) or greater protections for colonial land tenure.
Rural Alaska: The Struggle for Subsistence
Authors: DiNovelli‐Lang Danielle , Hébert Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract“Rural” in Alaska does not mean the countryside. It is instead a bureaucratic category that both invokes and undercuts the Alaska Native territory that it has, as a result of political compromise, come to represent. As such, it has been a site of intense turmoil and negotiation since the 1970s. In this essay, we zoom in on a rural location marked by struggles to define and shape the character of the rural; in so doing, we explore the tensions embedded in this ambivalent concept.
Expanse
Authors: Simmons Kristen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe federal government owns more land in Nevada than any other state. While the acquisition of land as territory is central to the project of settler colonialism, this essay expands the frame by considering the atmospherics of rural America through an indigenous analytic. Reflecting on aboveground atomic testing, the growth of Air Force bases, and conservation imaginaries, the essay examines the work that goes into producing emptiness and what the dream of the expanse allows.
Robust concurrent topology optimization of multiscale structure under single or multiple uncertain load cases
Authors: Cai Jinhu , Wang Chunjie , Fu Zhifang 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConcurrent topology optimization of macrostructure and material microstructure has attracted significant interest in recent years. However, most of the existing works assumed deterministic load conditions, thus the obtained design might have poor performance in practice when uncertainties exist. Therefore, it is necessary to take uncertainty into account in structural design. This article proposes an efficient method for robust concurrent topology optimization of multiscale structure under single or multiple load cases. The weighted sum of the mean and standard deviation of the structural compliance is minimized and constraints are imposed to both the volume fractions of macrostructure and microstructure. The effective properties of the microstructure are calculated via the homogenization method. An efficient sensitivity analysis method is proposed based on the superposition principle and orthogonal similarity transformation of real symmetric matrices. To further reduce the computational cost, an efficient decoupled sensitivity analysis method for microscale design variables is proposed. The bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method is employed to obtain black and white designs for both macrostructure and microstructure. Several two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the effects of load uncertainty on the optimal design of both macrostructure and microstructure.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Water Promotion Strategies in Schools for Preventing Childhood Obesity and Increasing Water Intake
Authors: Kenney Erica L. , Cradock Angie L. , Long Michael W. , Barrett Jessica L. , Giles Catherine M. , Ward Zachary J. , Gortmaker Steven L. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness and impact on childhood obesity of installation of chilled water dispensers (“water jets”) on school lunch lines and to compare water jets’ cost, reach, and impact on water consumption with three additional strategies.MethodsThe Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost Effectiveness Study(CHOICES) microsimulation model estimated the cost‐effectiveness of water jets on US childhood obesity cases prevented in 2025. Also estimated were the cost, number of children reached, and impact on water consumption of the installation of water jets and three other strategies.ResultsInstalling water jets on school lunch lines was projected to reach 29.6 million children (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 29.4 million‐29.8 million), cost $4.25 (95% UI: $2.74‐$5.69) per child, prevent 179,550 cases of childhood obesity in 2025 (95% UI: 101,970‐257,870), and save $0.31 in health care costs per dollar invested (95% UI: $0.15‐$0.55). In the secondary analysis, installing cup dispensers next to existing water fountains was the least costly but also had the lowest population reach.ConclusionsInstallating water jet dispensers on school lunch lines could also save almost half of the dollars needed for implementation via a reduction in obesity‐related health care costs. School‐based interventions to promote drinking water may be relatively inexpensive strategies for improving child health.
Thermal properties enhancement of poplar wood by substituting poly(furfuryl alcohol) for the matrix
Authors: Dong Youming , Ma Erni , Li Jianzhang , Zhang Shifeng , Hughes Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing high‐performance polymers to replace the weak points in wood may be an efficient approach to overcoming certain drawbacks while improving the properties of wood. This study investigated the feasibility of easily replacing part of the wood matrix in poplar wood with renewable poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA). The wood was first treated with an alkali solution and was then immersed in a furfuryl alcohol (FA) solution followed by in situ polymerization. After delignification, a large part of hemicelluloses and lignin were removed. In addition, wood porosity increased and more PFA was polymerized in the wood cell walls, resulting in increased weight percent gain and efficient bulking. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the reformation strongly affected the wood thermal stability. A transformation with 30% FA maintained the porous structure of the wood and resulted in the highest maximum degradation temperature. The dynamic mechanical analysis results also indicated that reformation allowed for greater stress transfer at the interface and resulted in a lower damping peak and a higher storage modulus. Our approach, therefore, could provide a promising method to enhance the performance of wood by reforming the wood components and structures.
Conducting polymers are not just conducting: a perspective for emerging technology
Authors: Stejskal Jaroslav 
Published: November 2019

AbstractConducting polymers, such as polyaniline and polypyrrole, are organic semiconductors with mixed electronic and ionic conductivity. In addition to electrical properties, their electrochemical activity opens research opportunities in corrosion protection or energy‐storage devices. Conducting polymers are active in catalysis, the photocatalytic decomposition of dyes or electrocatalysts in fuel cells being examples. In contrast to classical polymers, conducting polymers respond to various stimuli by changes in conductivity, colour or other physicochemical parameters; this is used in sensors. Conducting polymers are good adsorbents of organic pollutants in wastewater treatment and are likely to be applicable for environmental issues. The perspectives of these polymers are briefly outlined. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bifacial amorphous Si quintuple‐junction solar cells for IoT devices with high open‐circuit voltage of 3.5V under low illuminance
Authors: Konagai Makoto , Sasaki Ryo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHydrogenated amorphous Si(a‐Si:H) quintuple‐junction solar cells, which consist of a‐SiOx:H/a‐SiOx:H/a‐Si:H/a‐SiOx:H/a‐SiOx:H, were fabricated by plasma CVD method. The total thickness was 0.6‐0.8 μm. Irradiation intensity (Pin) dependence of the open circuit voltage (Voc) of quintuple‐junction solar cells was measured. The decreasing amount ΔVoc (1/10) of the open‐circuit voltage when the irradiation intensity became 1/10 was 62mV/cell. Voc drops rapidly from around the irradiation intensity of 1mW/cm2 (approximately 1,000 lux). This large Voc reduction is due to leakage current. Then, we discussed the origin of the leakage current, and, finally, by improving the leakage current, a very high open‐circuit voltage Voc of 3.5 V was demonstrated under LED light illumination. Furthermore, we theoretically analyzed Voc as a function of the irradiation intensity, including effects of the leakage current and the film quality of i‐a‐Si(O):H. It was found from the simulation results that it is necessary to increase the shunt resistance Rsh and to lower the defect density of i‐a‐Si(O):H in order to obtain a sufficient Voc‐Pin characteristics for IoT devices application under low illuminance.
Lung function changes before and after pulmonary exacerbation antimicrobial treatment in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wagener Jeffrey S. , VanDevanter Donald R. , Konstan Michael W. , Pasta David J. , Millar Stefanie J. , Morgan Wayne J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn cystic fibrosis, observation of a lung function drop (as percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]; ppFEV1) frequently precedes pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) diagnosis. Recovery of ppFEV1 to a previous “baseline” is commonly used to assess antimicrobial treatment response. However, not all diagnosed PEx are associated with a ppFEV1 drop, and it is unclear whether these are a different type of PEx from those associated with a ppFEV1 drop.MethodsWe analyzed pre‐ and posttreatment ppFEV1 for PEx recorded in the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis from 2003 through 2005. Baseline, pretreatment, and follow‐up ppFEV1 were the best recorded within 12‐months pre‐PEx, the lowest recorded −30 to +3 days of treatment, and the best recorded during 6‐month follow‐up, respectively. Logistic regression models for return of ppFEV1 to baseline during follow‐up were developed separately for PEx with ≥10%, <10%, and no ppFEV1 drop before treatment.ResultsOf 15 147 PEx, 10 166 (67.1%), 3479 (23.0%), and 1502 (9.9%) presented with a ≥10%, <10%, or no ppFEV1 drop at diagnosis, respectively. 19.5%, 35.2%, and 65.6% of PEx, respectively, had follow‐up ppFEV1 equal to or exceeding baseline; overall 27.7% of all PEx treatments resulted in complete recovery of baseline ppFEV1. Significant predictors of ppFEV1 recovery at follow‐up were younger patient age, absence of Aspergillus, lower baseline ppFEV1, fewer visits during the baseline, lower frequency of prior‐year PEx, shorter elapsed time from baseline measure to treatment, smaller relative ppFEV1 drop before treatment, and non intravenous (ie, oral or inhaled antibiotic) treatment. PEx with ≥10%, <10%, and no ppFEV1 drop before treatment had only modest differences in covariate odds ratios associated with complete ppFEV1 recovery.ConclusionsAmong the 10% of PEx presenting with no apparent ppFEV1 drop, more than one‐third resulted in a decreased ppFEV1 during follow‐up. Risk factors for this outcome were the same as those associated with lack of ppFEV1 recovery among PEx with pretreatment ppFEV1 drops. These results suggest that inherent FEV1 variability, baseline and follow‐up sampling methodologies, ppFEV1 regression to the mean, and underlying lung disease progression complicate this approach for assessing effects of PEx and treatment response.
Vaping‐associated lung injury caused by inhalation of cannabis oil
Authors: Abeles Michael , Popofsky Stephanie , Wen Andy , Valsamis Christina , Webb Angela , Halaby Claudia , Pirzada Melodi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVaping is a growing concern in adolescents, and a growing proportion is using electronic devices to inhale cannabis oil. The short‐term and long‐term effects of cannabis oil inhalation are not well understood. We report on a case of severe acute lung injury secondary to inhalation of cannabis oil via a vape pen, and propose a new term that describes lung injury related to vaping.
Upregulated Expression of Calcium‐Dependent Annexin A6: A Potential Biomarker of Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Noreen Shahzadi , Gardner Qurratulann Afza , Fatima Iram , Sadaf Saima , Akhtar Muhammad Waheed 
Published: November 2019

PurposeAn early and accurate diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma (OC) may reduce morbidity and mortality of the patients. To improve the clinical outcome in OC patients, the present study is aimed at identifying robust biomarkers for early OC diagnosis.Experimental DesignIn order to look for early‐stage protein markers, a systematic protein profiling approach involving 2‐dimensional electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometric analyses of human malignant and non‐malignant ovarian biopsy samples, is performed.ResultsSix 2D gel spots, corresponding to five proteins, display statistically significant differential expression in the tumor tissues compared to benign controls (FDR ≤ 0.05; PMF score ≥ 79). Ingenuity pathway analysis predicts two proteins, that is, Ca2+‐dependent membrane‐binding protein annexin A6 (AnxA6) and the metabolic enzyme l‐lactate dehydrogenase A chain, as potential predictive biomarkers. Increased expression of AnxA6 is further ascertained by Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the resected tissues and the plasma samples. The expression is found markedly increasing particularly in the advanced stage tumors.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe significant upregulation of AnxA6 in OC, reported for the first time, is likely to provide insight into the mechanism of OC progression, which may lead to the design of potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.