bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Data Driven Analysis on Growth Factor Of COVID-19 and Its Correlation with Malaria Cases in India
Authors: Sharma Ajendra Pratap , Gahlot Mohini , Deka Saurav , Kumar Rohit 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: COVID-19 coronavirus originated from Wuhan, China, had spread to more than 200 countries worldwide up to 3rd May 2020 [1]. The cumulative number of confirmed cases was 84393 in China and 3264847 totals in other countries [1]. All countries have taken measures to contain the outbreak of COVID-19. In India, till March about 15, 24, 266 passengers had been screened at the airports and 12,431 at the seaports [2]. Till 3rd May 2020 total 42533 confirmed COVID 2019 cases had been registered across India [2].
Aim: In this study, we will analyse the data collected from different available official websites who reported the situation of COVID-19 infection in India.
Method: The confirmed case of COVID-19 infection was defined as a case with a positive corona test report. Suspected cases were defined as a case with symptoms of COVID-19 infection but not confirmed. Growth factor more than 1 was showing the increasing number of cases, while growth factor between 0 to 1 showing a decline in the number of cases.
Results: The average growth factor from 21 January 2020 to 3rd May 2020 was 1.13 and before the first lockdown and after the first lockdown it was measured 1.10 & 1.18 respectively. On 5th March 2020, the growth factor was highest (Growth factor = 22). Growth factor and number of new cases coming were significantly positive correlated (r = 0.39, p = 0.035).
Conclusion: The future daily incidence size largely dependent on the change of new upcoming cases day by day. Our findings indicate that the social distancing and regulation measures were working and capability of COVID-19 to spread in India can diminish if these defensive estimates will act in a fitting way.
Does Skin Preparation Influence Surgical Site Infection in Laparotomy Wounds: Comparative Evaluation of Preoperative Skin Preparation With 4% Chlorhexidine With 5% Povidone Iodine in Laparotomy Wounds: A Prospective Trial
Authors: Chirukandath Ravindran , Elangovan Manoj P. , B. Agil , Cheedhamadathil Reshma A. , Dev Ayana M. , Sreekumar Naveen K. , John Babu P. 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Surgical site infection is a dangerous condition causing a heavy burden on the patient and social health system. Surgical site infections are among the most common hospital acquired infections comprising 14 to 16% of inpatient infections. There are various factors predisposing the infections and many of them are patient related or disease related. The use of pre-operative skin preparation by effective antiseptic plays an important role in reducing postoperative wound infections. There are several kinds of antiseptics available for preoperative skin preparation; however povidone iodine and spirit are commonly used in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: This study compared the incidence of surgical site infections within 7 days of postoperative period in laparotomy wounds prepared using 4% Chlorhexidine and those prepared with 5% Povidone iodine for pre-laparotomy skin preparation. Results: This study compared 128, 4% Chlorhexidine prepared patients and 109, 5% Povidone iodine prepared patients undergoing various elective n = 114 and emergency procedures n = 123. The overall SSI rates in 7 days in the whole group were 13.44 %. The SSI rates on the 4% Chlorhexidine group were 10.16% and 5% povidone iodine group were 17.27% and it was statically significant with a p value of p = 0.00413 showing significant reduction in the 4% Chlorhexidine group. The study also compared the SSI rates in elective and emergency procedures in both groups with significant difference in emergency procedures. More variables are also compared between the groups and results were analyzed. Conclusion: This study shows the use of Chlorhexidine 4% reduces the morbidity of one of the most common wound related complication in laparotomy patients in all categories of laparotomy wounds.
Addressee factor in Text of the Official Document (Decrees of Governor of Tula Region, Issued in Connection with the Spread of Covid-2019)
Authors: Kireeva E. Z. 
Published: August 2020

The issue of taking into account the addressee factor in the text of an official document is considered. The controversial nature of this issue and the topicality of the material determined the relevance of the study. It is proved that the originality of the texts of decrees is defined by two oppositely directed tendencies. On the one hand, it is stated that the addressee factor is taken into account due to the performative nature of the legislator’s speech. It is noted that his speech activity is based primarily on prohibitions and restrictions; permissions are exceptions to the prohibition; the requirements are reduced to the obligations of the addressee and the instructions to him. It was revealed that the implicit meanings of the text become clear taking into account the pragmatic presupposition “what is appropriate is good”. It was established that the implicit assessment is formed under the influence of the addressee factor: the preambles of decrees are estimated, the temporal characteristics of the statements are detailed. It is shown that when constructing texts, the focus on the addressee becomes obvious due to the structural-rubric allocation and grouping of information. It is emphasized that the genre canons are being blurred due to the desire of the legislator for convincing reasoning of decisions. On the other hand, the analysis of texts in dynamics revealed that the historically established system of changing documents is not focused on the addressee. It is concluded that the complexity of the presentation of information or its vagueness testifies to the stereotypes of the legislator’s speech behavior.
Semantic and Motivational Characteristics of Neolexemes of Enmity: Discursive Disclosure of Inner Form of the Word
Authors: Rebrina L. N. 
Published: August 2020

The article presents the results of a study of a number of Russian-language neolexemes functioning in Internet communication over the past two decades. The object of the analysis are subjects designations with the suffix –oid (Russian isteroid, oranzhoid, etc.). By their pragmatic components of meaning we consider these lexical units to be the vocabulary of enmity. They are united by the special role of the structural motivator in the formation of motivational meaning. Semantic and motivational characteristics of the nouns are described. Their partner tokens are found out. Conclusions are made about the influence of atypical combinatorics on the meaning of the word-forming component and on the transformed classification feature; about the blurring of boundaries between different language variants and styles. It is shown that in the immediate context, the properties attributed to the designated subjects are verbalized. The author analyzes the regularities of discursive disclosure of the inner form of the studied units by means of explication of motivational connections within different types of motivation. It is revealed that the most frequent way to actualize motivational models in the addressee’s speech-thinking strategies in Internet communication is the explication of lexical motivation and metatext motivation, while the explication of structural motivation and occasional author’s motivation are less frequent. It is shown that the specificity of discursive practices affects the reflecting consciousness of the addressee, and the patterns of representation of motivational models are refracted through the features of discourse.
Bailiffs’ Offices in the North Caucasus in the Last Third of the 18<sup>th</sup> — First Half of the 19<sup>th</sup> Centuries: Evolution of Activity
Authors: Abazov A. Kh. , Nakhusheva I. R. 
Published: August 2020

The article considers the evolution and suggests the periodization of the activities of local judicial and administrative control institutions in the North Caucasus in the last third of the 18th — first half of the 19th centuries on the example of bailiffs’ offices. Four stages are highlighted: 1) the establishment of the first private bailiff in Kabarda (1769) and the formation of the Main Caucasian bailiff’s office (1800); 2) its separation from the Main Kalmyk bailiff’s office structure (1801); 3) adoption of an Institution for the administration of the Caucasus region (1827); 4) reorganization of the Chechen bailiff (1852) and replacement of bailiffs by institutions of military popular administration (1858). The functions of the main and local bailiffs’ offices within the framework of the proposed periodization are considered. The features of administrative subordination of local and main bailiff offices and their staff structure are studied. Attention is drawn to the difficulties of organizing the activities of bailiffs’ offices related to their subordination, on the one hand, to the Board (Ministry) of Foreign Affairs, on the other — to the provincial or linear authorities. It is concluded that the proposed periodization allows to present the dynamics of the activity of the bailiffs in the North Caucasus in the last third of the 18th — first half of the 19th centuries as a complex phenomenon aimed at finding optimal forms of governance of the peoples included in the political and legal space of the Russian Empire.
On Problem of National Self-Determination of Autochthonous Peoples by Example of Southern Russia Regions (Late 1980s — Early 1990s)
Authors: Belozerova M. V. 
Published: August 2020

The article considers the problem of national self-determination among the autochthonous peoples of Russia as a component of the ethnopolitical processes of the late 1980s and early 1990s. The relevance is determined by the need to study the manifested ethnic interests, inter-ethnic tension and separatist tendencies that have passed from a latent state to an open form among a number of autochthonous peoples. On the basis of comparative analysis, research of archival documents of state, departmental, personal archives and historiographical data, general trends and regional specifics of Khakas, Adygs, Shapsugs, Shors, and Teleuts are revealed. The ethno-political processes on which the ideas of national self-determination were based include the growth of ethnic consciousness, “the politicization” of ethnicity, the change of ideological paradigms, the institutional activity of national elites, the formation of national revival programs, and myth-making. The author reveals the significant commonality of myths (“search for the enemy,” “loss” of national culture and other theses) and differences based on the historical and ethnic memory of each nation. Special attention is paid to the problem of autonomy. It was seen as an emerging component in attempts to implement the idea of national self-determination. The experience of normalization of social relations was considered in the analysis of the tactics used by national elites in achieving political goals, decisions made by regional authorities, and the reaction of various segments of society.
French Communist Group in Moscow: Formation and Activities (1918—1920)
Authors: Bespalova K. A. 
Published: August 2020

The problem of studying the activities of the French Communist Group (FCG), created in Russia in 1918 on the initiative of the Russian Communist Party, is examined. In domestic and foreign historiography, there are works devoted to the history of the formation of this organization and the composition of the group. An analysis of the works shows that the work of the French group in several cities of Russia is presented as the activity of one organization. In this article, special attention is paid to studying the work of the main bureau of the FCG, located in Moscow in the 1918—1920s, as the key core of the organization. The source base of the study is archival documents and sources of personal origin. The appearance, activity and dissolution of the Moscow bureau of the Federal Financial Group are analyzed, the quantitative and professional composition of the participants, the structure of subordination and the distribution of responsibilities are revealed. The main task facing the bureau members was determined — propaganda activities. The main lines of propaganda activity of the Moscow bureau among compatriots are systematized: publication and distribution of print media, holding meetings and rallies, personal meetings and conversations, participation in the First and Second Congresses of the Comintern, work with the parliamentary opposition in France to end the intervention and spread of world revolution ideas. It is proved that, in addition to campaigning, there was also active assistance of the bureau members to French citizens residing or arrested in Russia.
On History of Construction of Oil Refineries Supplied to the USSR under Lend-Lease (1941—1945)
Authors: Bodrova E. V. , Kalinov V. V. 
Published: August 2020

On the basis of archival materials, the issue of the construction of oil refineries set up in the USSR under lend-lease in accordance with the agreement signed with the United States in 1942 is examined, which is very relevant in the context of heightened discussions about the problems related to the history of World War II. The novelty of the research is determined not only by the introduction of new archival documents into scientific circulation, but also by an attempt to determine more precisely the reasons for the failure of the planned dates of commissioning of oil refineries. The results of the analysis of reports by American specialists are presented, which allowed to objectively consider the problems that arose during construction. Special attention is paid to the attempts of the authors of these documents to determine the main reasons for the construction slowdown. The changes in the attitude of Americans to construction managers, the management system during 1944 are commented. It is shown that their dissatisfaction with the position of consultants was expressed in the reports. It is concluded that our own production of fuel for the active army in our country was constantly growing and largely provided the front. It is proved that the commissioning of oil refineries supplied by the United States after the end of the war could not influence its outcome, but later became the basis for the creation of the refining industry in the lower Volga region.
State Regime Liberalization in Conditions of Crisis of Socialism: Slovak Context (mid-1980s—1992)
Authors: Haydanka Ye. I. 
Published: August 2020

The article deals with the transformation of the Slovak state regime in the period of changes in the system of socialist governance in the mid-1980s — 1992. It is determined that the historical period of liberalization of the Communist regime had a significant impact on the further success of democratic transformations. The subject of the analysis was the public and Church opposition in socialist Slovakia. The fact of the ideological evolution of the opposition movement “Public against violence” has been established. It is noted that the movement for independence in Slovakia in 1989—1992, which was initiated by the Slovak elite led by Vladimir Mechiyar, significantly reduced the intensity of the democratic transition. It is claimed that in the first half of the 1990s Vladimir Mechiyar built a strong vertical of Executive power, supported by the dominance of the Movement for a democratic Slovakia in the Parliament. It is emphasized that the first competitive parliamentary elections in Slovakia in 1990 and 1992 failed to stabilize the socio-political situation in the country, despite the intensive development of multiparty systems.
“Traces of my tears will remain on this paper ...”: Letters from Elizabeth Stephens to M. M. Speransky
Authors: Sozinova K. A. 
Published: August 2020

The author of the article assumes that the interstate relations between Russia and Great Britain in the late 18th — early 19th centuries largely determined the area of private contacts between Russians and the British. English-Russian marriages have a special place in the history of English-Russian relations. Attention is paid to one of such unions — the marriage of the outstanding statesman M. M. Speransky with an Englishwoman Elizabeth Stephens. It is claimed that a significant role in Speransky’s fate was played by A. A. Samborsky, also married to an Englishwoman, in whose house Speransky’s fateful meeting with his future wife took place. It is reported that the Speransky Fund of the Russian national library preserved letters of Elizabeth Stephens to Speransky, previously not widely attracted by researchers, but not all of these letters actually belong to Elizabeth, some of them belong to her sister — Marianne. This study provides the first translation of these letters for the analysis of Speransky’s private life. The author concludes that the preserved correspondence meets the standards and methods of expression of feelings in the era of “sentimentalism.” The problem of how much Speransky was immersed in the cultural context of British reality due to this marriage is also considered. Despite the fact that the marriage was quite short, Speransky’s relations with the Stephens family were quite strong.
Literary Characters as a Source Domain of Precedent Names in the UK Media
Authors: Budaev E. V. 
Published: August 2020

The article deals with precedent names (PN) from the source domain “Literature”, functioning in the UK media. The material for the study was 104 examples of precedent names used in the British print media (The Guardian, The Times, The Daily Mail, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent) over the past ten years (2010–2019). Research methods were cognitive-discourse analysis, linguocultural description.It is concluded that the source domain “Literary characters” is the most demanded source of precedent names in the British media (26 % of the total body of examples, which is 400 precedent names). It is shown that British journalists give preference to onyms related to British literature, which is natural, because PN data are well known to both journalists and British media addressees. It was revealed that British journalists regularly refer to the names of characters from the classics of English literature in their texts. At the same time, it is shown that the leading place in terms of frequency of actualization and productivity is occupied by PN, which have become popular in recent decades, which primarily refers to the characters of J. Rowling's Harry Potter novels. Thus, the analysis showed that the functioning of PN depends not only on cognitive and cultural, but also on discursive factors.
Onomastic Space of Animated Films about Russian Heroes by the Studio of Animation Cinema “Mill”
Authors: Ilyina E. N. , Tivo V. S. 
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the system of proper names in the texts of animated films with a folklore precedent basis. The relevance of the research is due to the need to study media texts that translate folklore imagery in linguocognitive and linguostylistic aspects. The material for the research is character and voice-over texts of animated films about Russian heroes: “Alyosha Popovich i Tugarin Zmey” (2004), “Dobrynya Nikitich i The Zmey Gorynych” (2006), “Ilya Muromets I Solovey Razboynik” (2007). The complex of names of geographical objects, the naming system of anthropo- and zoomorphic characters is considered, the precedent base for the formation of the onomastic space of animated films is determined, and the ways of introducing new components to the proper names system of this content are characterized. Special attention is paid to the description of intertextual links of the polycode content under study with works of epic genres of Russian folklore and with other sources. The scientific novelty of the work is seen in the fact that the verbal component of the studied animated films is currently insufficiently studied, and their proper names system becomes the subject of linguistic analysis for the first time.
Control of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), on Nursery-Grown Pine with Granular Systemic Insecticides
Authors: King James E. , Price Richard G. , Pinkston Kenneth N. , Whitcomb Carl E. 
Published: August 2020

Container-grown mugo pine, Pinus mugo Turra. Mughus, and field-grown loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., were utilized in 3 experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of granular systemic insecticides for control of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock).
In the 1981 mugo pine study, Temik® 10G (aldicarb), Furadan® 10G (carbofuran) and Di-syston® 15G (disulfoton) provided complete protection from tip moth attack 11 weeks after application. Phytotoxicity was highly visible on all trees treated with Furadan.
During the 1982 mugo pine study, Temik, Furadan and Di-syston granules applied on either November 6, 1981, or March 2, 1982 provided effective control when evaluated on May 20, 1982. Early March appeared to be a more effective application date than November for year-long control on container-grown pines.
In the 1982 loblolly pine experiment, December applications of Di-syston and Temik granules provided good control when evaluated through July. Only Di-syston provided control through August.
Leaf and Stem Cold Hardiness of Four Selections of Raphiolepis umbellate Makino
Authors: Lindstrom Orville M. , Corley Will L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Leaves and stems of four selections of Raphiolepis umbellata Makino were evaluated for cold hardiness at various times throughout the winter over a two year period and compared to the hardiness of their cold hardy parent plant (PI 277653). All four selections were equally or more cold tolerant than the parent plant on all test dates over both years tested. The leaves of these plants were hardier than the stem tips, but were similar to the cold hardiness of two year old stems. During midwinter the leaf and two year old stem cold hardiness ranged from −15 to −18°C (5 to 0°F). These data indicate that the new selections have good cold hardiness potential and may increase the range of adaptability of raphiolepis.
Spotted Spurge Control and Phytotoxicity to Daylily from Preemergence Herbicides
Authors: Norcini Jeffrey G. , Aldrich James H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The granular preemergent herbicides Snapshot TG (isoxaben + trifluralin) and Stakeout (dithiopyr) wre evaluated as an alternative to Snapshot DF (isoxaben + oryzalin) for control of spotted spurge (Chamaesyce maculata [formerly Euphorbia maculata]) in container-grown daylily (Hemerocallis × ‘Aztec Gold’). Stakeout (dithiopyr) at 1.1, 1.7, or 2.2 kg ai/ha (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 lb ai/A) and Snapshot TG (isoxaben + tritluralin) at 5.6 kg ai/ha (5.0 lb ai/A) were as effective as Rout (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) at 3.4 kg ai/ha (3.0 lb ai/A), Snapshot (DF (isoxaben + oryzalin) at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb ai/A), or Gallery (isoxaben) at 1.1 kg ai/ha (1.0 lb ai/A) in controlling spotted spurge. Rout (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) and Ronstar G (oxadiazon) caused significant injury (bleached spots that became necrotic) while the other herbicides caused little to no damage.