bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gold Nanoclusters for NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging of Bones
Authors: Li Deling , Liu Qiang , Qi Qingrong , Shi Hui , Hsu En‐Chi , Chen Weiyu , Yuan Wenli , Wu Yifan , Lin Sien , Zeng Yitian , Xiao Zunyu , Xu Lingyun , Zhang Yanrong , Stoyanova Tanya , Jia Wang , Cheng Zhen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFluorescence imaging in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) holds great promise for deep tissue visualization. Development of novel clinical translatable NIR‐II probes is crucial for realizing the medical applications of NIR‐II fluorescence imaging. Herein, the glutathione‐capped gold nanoclusters (AuNCs, specifically Au25(SG)18) demonstrate highly efficient binding capability to hydroxyapatite in vitro for the first time. Further in vivo NIR‐II fluorescence imaging of AuNCs indicate that they accumulate in bone tissues with high contrast and signal‐background ratio. AuNCs are also mainly and quickly excreted from body through renal system, showing excellent ribs and thoracic vertebra imaging because of no background signal in liver and spleen. The deep tissue penetration capability and high resolution of AuNCs in NIR‐II imaging render their great potential for fluorescence‐guided surgery like spinal pedicle screw implantation. Overall, AuNCs are highly promising and clinical translatable NIR‐II imaging probe for visualizing bone and bone related abnormalities.
Creating a ‘sustainability sublime’ to enable megaprojects to meet the United Nations sustainable development goals
Authors: Sankaran Shankar , Müller Ralf , Drouin Nathalie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite cost and schedule overruns and benefits shortfalls, megaprojects (which are large‐scale projects that typically cost over a billion dollars and take years to develop and build) continue to be promoted and built creating a megaproject paradox. Prominent megaproject scholar Bent Flyvbjerg (2014) argued that this could be motivated by four ‘sublimes’—technological, political, economic and aesthetic that drive new megaprojects being put forward despite their poor performance. Recent evidence shows that better governance practices are helping to improve the overall performance of megaprojects. Despite the United Nations setting 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030, there are severe shortfalls in initiatives from governments, public organizations and private businesses endangering the achievement of targets set for these goals. In addition, time is running out to achieve these goals with only a decade left. The current initiatives contributing to these goals appear to be focused on individual SDGs even though many of these are interrelated. This article proposes that if politicians, engineers and scientists, businesses leaders and design thinkers could be motivated by a ‘sustainability sublime’ to create megaprojects that contribute to SDGs, it could benefit both the society and the planet. It also argues that a more integrated view of UN SDGs and a suitable governance structure should be applied to ensure that megaprojects created as a result of the sustainability sublime deliver benefits towards achieving UN SDGs.
Evaluation of Genetic Structuring within GIS‐Derived Brook Trout Management Units
Authors: Nathan Lucas R. , Kanno Yoichiro , Letcher Benjamin H. , Welsh Amy B. , Whiteley Andrew R. , Vokoun Jason C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDelineation of management units across broad spatial scales can help to visualize population structuring and identify conservation opportunities. Geographical information system (GIS) approaches can be useful for developing broad‐scale management units, especially when paired with field data that can validate the GIS‐based delineations. Genetic data can be useful for evaluating whether management units accurately represent population structuring. The Eastern Brook Trout Joint Venture, a regionwide collaborative group, delineated patch‐based management units for Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis by using GIS approaches to inform conservation strategies across the eastern United States. The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate how well the patches predicted Brook Trout genetic structuring in Connecticut, USA; (2) modify the patches as needed to represent contemporary genetic structuring; and (3) identify catchment‐ and patch‐scale riverscape characteristics that predict genetic diversity. Patches with dams and high levels of upstream impervious surfaces (>3%) had increased intrapatch genetic structuring, which we incorporated into our revised patch delineation algorithm. Patch area and catchment area were the best predictors of genetic diversity, suggesting the importance of maintaining connectivity and incorporating patch‐scale processes into conservation actions. The modified patch layer could be used as the basis for Brook Trout management units to help predict population structuring in the absence of watershed‐scale genetic data, allowing opportunities for Brook Trout conservation to be identified.
The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization: A review of empirical ex‐post evidence
Authors: Lilliestam Johan , Patt Anthony , Bersalli Germán 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, the world must reach net‐zero carbon emissions around mid‐century, which calls for an entirely new energy system. Carbon pricing, in the shape of taxes or emissions trading schemes, is often seen as the main, or only, necessary climate policy instrument, based on theoretical expectations that this would promote innovation and diffusion of the new technologies necessary for full decarbonization. Here, we review the empirical knowledge available in academic ex‐post analyses of the effectiveness of existing, comparatively high‐price carbon pricing schemes in the European Union, New Zealand, British Columbia, and the Nordic countries. Some articles find short‐term operational effects, especially fuel switching in existing assets, but no article finds mentionable effects on technological change. Critically, all articles examining the effects on zero‐carbon investment found that existing carbon pricing scheme have had no effect at all. We conclude that the effectiveness of carbon pricing in stimulating innovation and zero‐carbon investment remains a theoretical argument. So far, there is no empirical evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the technological change necessary for full decarbonization.This article is categorized under:Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Unstable D-brane in torsional Newton-Cartan background
Authors: Klusoň J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the construction of unstable D-brane action in torsional Newton-Cartan background through T-duality along null direction. We determine corresponding equations of motion and analyze their solution that corresponds to lower dimensional non-relativistic D(p-1)-brane. We also find Hamiltonian for unstable Dp-brane and study tachyon vacuum solutions that can be interpreted as gas of non-relativistic strings.
From Hagedorn to Lee-Yang: partition functions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory at finite N
Authors: Kristensson Alexander T. , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We study the thermodynamics of the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group U(N ) on ℝ × S3, dual to type IIB superstring theory on AdS5× S5. While both theories are well-known to exhibit Hagedorn behavior at infinite N , we find evidence that this is replaced by Lee-Yang behavior at large but finite N : the zeros of the partition function condense into two arcs in the complex temperature plane that pinch the real axis at the temperature of the confinement-deconfinement transition. Concretely, we demonstrate this for the free theory via exact calculations of the (unrefined and refined) partition functions at N ≤ 7 for the $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(2) sector containing two complex scalars, as well as at N ≤ 5 for the $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(2|3) sector containing 3 complex scalars and 2 fermions. In order to obtain these explicit results, we use a Molien-Weyl formula for arbitrary field content, utilizing the equivalence of the partition function with what is known to mathematicians as the Poincaré series of trace algebras of generic matrices. Via this Molien-Weyl formula, we also generate exact results for larger sectors.
On the Vilkovisky-DeWitt approach and renormalization group in effective quantum gravity
Authors: Giacchini Breno L. , de Paula Netto Tibério , Shapiro Ilya L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effective action in quantum general relativity is strongly dependent on the gauge-fixing and parametrization of the quantum metric. As a consequence, in the effective approach to quantum gravity, there is no possibility to introduce the renormalization-group framework in a consistent way. On the other hand, the version of effective action proposed by Vilkovisky and DeWitt does not depend on the gauge-fixing and parametrization off- shell, opening the way to explore the running of the cosmological and Newton constants as well as the coefficients of the higher-derivative terms of the total action. We argue that in the effective framework the one-loop beta functions for the zero-, two- and four-derivative terms can be regarded as exact, that means, free from corrections coming from the higher loops. In this perspective, the running describes the renormalization group flow between the present-day Hubble scale in the IR and the Planck scale in the UV.
On the equality of two-variable general functional means
Authors: Losonczi László , Páles Zsolt , Zakaria Amr 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGiven two functions$$f,g:I\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$f,g:I→Rand a probability measure$$\mu $$μon the Borel subsets of [0, 1], the two-variable mean$$M_{f,g;\mu }:I^2\rightarrow I$$Mf,g;μ:I2→Iis defined by$$\begin{aligned} M_{f,g;\mu }(x,y) :=\bigg (\frac{f}{g}\bigg )^{-1}\left( \frac{\int _0^1 f\big (tx+(1-t)y\big )d\mu (t)}{\int _0^1 g\big (tx+(1-t)y\big )d\mu (t)}\right) \quad (x,y\in I). \end{aligned}$$Mf,g;μ(x,y):=(fg)-1∫01f(tx+(1-t)y)dμ(t)∫01g(tx+(1-t)y)dμ(t)(x,y∈I).This class of means includes quasiarithmetic as well as Cauchy and Bajraktarević means. The aim of this paper is, for a fixed probability measure$$\mu $$μ, to study their equality problem, i.e., to characterize those pairs of functions (f, g) and (F, G) for which$$\begin{aligned} M_{f,g;\mu }(x,y)=M_{F,G;\mu }(x,y) \quad (x,y\in I) \end{aligned}$$Mf,g;μ(x,y)=MF,G;μ(x,y)(x,y∈I)holds. Under at most sixth-order differentiability assumptions for the unknown functionsf, gandF, G, we obtain several necessary conditions in terms of ordinary differential equations for the solutions of the above equation. For two particular measures, a complete description is obtained. These latter results offer eight equivalent conditions for the equality of Bajraktarević means and of Cauchy means.
Checkpointinhibitoren in der Tumortherapie
Authors: Zander Hilke , Müller-Egert Susanne , Zwiewka Michal , Groß Steffen , van Zandbergen Ger , Engelbergs Jörg 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMit der Entwicklung von Checkpointinhibitoren gelang in den letzten Jahren ein Durchbruch in der Tumortherapie. Checkpointinhibitoren aktivieren die Immunabwehr gegen Tumoren, indem sie die immunhemmende Wirkung spezifischer, als Kontrollpunkte agierender Zelloberflächenproteine, der sogenannten Checkpoints, aufheben. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Wirkweise und den Stand der derzeitigen klinischen Entwicklung zugelassener Checkpointinhibitoren.Die bisher zugelassenen Checkpointinhibitoren, gegen die Checkpoints CTLA‑4 und PD-1/PD-L1 gerichtete monoklonale Antikörper, werden in verschiedenen Tumorentitäten wie Melanom, Lungen‑, Nieren‑, Urothelkarzinom oder Kopf-Hals-Tumoren sowie dem Hodgkin-Lymphom eingesetzt. Bei einem Teil dieser Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Tumoren konnte erstmals ein Langzeitüberleben erzielt werden. In Abhängigkeit von der Tumorindikation ist diese charakteristische lange Wirksamkeit jedoch nur bei einem geringen Anteil der behandelten Patienten zu beobachten, was man durch eine Patientenselektion über prädiktive Biomarker und die Entwicklung von Kombinationstherapien zu überwinden versucht. Für manche Indikationen wurde bereits mit der Checkpointinhibitorzulassung eine Einschränkung hinsichtlich des prädiktiven PD-L1-Status vorgeschrieben.
Asymptotic behaviour of fast diffusions on graphs
Authors: Gregosiewicz Adam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study a diffusion process on a finite graph with semipermeable membranes on vertices. We prove, in $$L^1$$

L
1

and $$L^2$$

L
2

-type spaces that for a large class of boundary conditions, describing communication between the edges of the graph, the process is governed by a strongly continuous semigroup of operators, and we describe asymptotic behaviour of the diffusion semigroup as the diffusions’ speed increases at the same rate as the membranes’ permeability decreases. Such a process, in which communication is based on the Fick law, was studied by Bobrowski (Ann. Henri Poincaré 13(6):1501–1510, 2012) in the space of continuous functions on the graph. His results were generalized by Banasiak et al. (Semigroup Forum 93(3):427–443, 2016). We improve, in a way that cannot be obtained using a very general tool developed recently by Engel and Kramar Fijavž (Evolut. Equ. Control Theory 8(3)3:633–661, 2019), the results of J. Banasiak et al.
Slow–fast control of eye movements: an instance of Zeeman’s model for an action
Authors: Clement Richard A. , Akman Ozgur E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rapid eye movements (saccades) used to transfer gaze between targets are examples of an action. The behaviour of saccades matches that of the slow–fast model of actions originally proposed by Zeeman. Here, we extend Zeeman’s model by incorporating an accumulator that represents the increase in certainty of the presence of a target, together with an integrator that converts a velocity command to a position command. The saccadic behaviour of several foveate species, including human, rhesus monkey and mouse, is replicated by the augmented model. Predictions of the linear stability of the saccadic system close to equilibrium are made, and it is shown that these could be tested by applying state-space reconstruction techniques to neurophysiological recordings. Moreover, each model equation describes behaviour that can be matched to specific classes of neurons found throughout the oculomotor system, and the implication of the model is that build-up, burst and omnipause neurons are found throughout the oculomotor pathway because they constitute the simplest circuit that can produce the motor commands required to specify the trajectories of motor actions.
Effect of PCC crystallization and morphology on flocculation with microfibrillated cellulose, on sheet densification and liquid absorption behavior
Authors: Laukala Teija , Lyytikäinen Johanna , Mielonen Katriina , Backfolk Kaj 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Composite sheets consisting of elongated and aggregated cationically charged precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and native microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were prepared with a wet laying method. The furnishes were prepared with and without an anionic flocculating agent (polyacrylamide) in order to adjust the structure of the sheet. The samples were compressed (densified) in order to determine the particle and microfibrillated cellulose-PCC structure coalescence and densification, as well as its subsequent influence on liquid absorption behavior. The densification affected both the vertical and lateral distribution of PCC, but the flocculating agent enhanced the compression stability and stabilized the sheets against PCC material flow. The differences between the sheets made with and without the flocculation aid affected the absorption of an anionic dye-based fluid ink, which was evident as a higher print density and less print bleeding. The absorption behavior was dependent on the sheet structure, especially on the PCC distribution within the sheets. Finally, the role of MFC on floc structure and floc formation is discussed.

Graphic abstract
Brief Training to Modify the Breadth of Attention Influences the Generalisation of Fear
Authors: Varma Mohith M. , Pitliya Riddhi J. , Zbozinek Tomislav D. , Shechner Tomer , Barry Tom J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Generalisation of fear from dangerous to safe stimuli is an important process associated with anxiety disorders. However, factors that contribute towards fear (over)-generalisation remain poorly understood. The present investigation explored how attentional breadth (global/holistic and local/analytic) influences fear generalisation and, whether people trained to attend in a global vs. local manner show more or less generalisation.

Methods
Participants (N = 39) were shown stimuli which comprised of large ‘global’ letters and smaller ‘local’ letters (e.g. an F comprised of As) and they either had to identify the global or local letter. Participants were then conditioned to fear a face by pairing it with an aversive scream (75% reinforcement schedule). Perceptually similar, but safe, faces, were then shown. Self-reported fear levels and skin conductance responses were measured.

Results
Compared to participants in Global group, participants in Local group demonstrated greater fear for dangerous stimulus (CS +) as well as perceptually similar safe stimuli.

Conclusions
Participants trained to attend to stimuli in a local/analytical manner showed higher magnitude of fear acquisition and generalisation than participants trained to attend in a global/holistic way. Breadth of attentional focus can influence overall fear levels and fear generalisation and this can be manipulated via attentional training.
Densities, Viscosities, and Thermal Conductivities of the Ionic Liquid 7-Methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium Acetate and Its Mixtures with Water
Authors: Baird Zachariah Steven , Uusi-Kyyny Petri , Dahlberg Artur , Cederkrantz Daniel , Alopaeus Ville 
Published: October 2020

Abstract7-Methyl-1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-enium acetate (mTBD acetate) is a protic ionic liquid that is being investigated for use in industrial processes, such as for producing textiles from cellulose. To aid in designing such processes, we have measured the densities, viscosities, and thermal conductivities of mTBD acetate and aqueous mixtures containing mTBD acetate. We also investigated how excess amounts of mTBD or acetic acid affect the density, and found that in general an excess of either component decreases the density. However, when no water is present, the sample with excess acetic acid actually has a slightly higher density than when there is an equimolar amount of acid and base. The maximum density occurs when some water is present (around 30–40 mol%). We also modeled the density data using the ePC-SAFT equation of state and provide simple correlations for calculating the viscosity and thermal conductivity of these mixtures.
Usage Continuance in Software-as-a-Service
Authors: Baumann Elias , Kern Jana , Lessmann Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSoftware-as-a-service applications are experiencing immense growth as their comparatively low cost makes them an important alternative to traditional software. Following the initial adoption phase, vendors are now concerned with the continued usage of their software. To analyze the influence of different measures to improve continued usage over time, a longitudinal study approach using data from a SaaS vendor was implemented. Employing a linear mixed model, the study finds several measures to have a positive effect on a software’s usage penetration. In addition to these activation measures performed by the SaaS vendor, software as well as client characteristics were also examined, but did not display significant estimates. The findings emphasize the need for proactive activation initiatives to raise usage penetration. More generally, the study contributes novel insights into the scarcely researched field of influencing factors on SaaS usage continuance.
Bacteria-mediated aggregation of the marine phytoplankton Thalassiosira weissflogii and Nannochloropsis oceanica
Authors: Tran Nhan-An T. , Tamburic Bojan , Evenhuis Christian R. , Seymour Justin R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ecological relationships between heterotrophic bacteria and marine phytoplankton are complex and multifaceted, and in some instances include the bacteria-mediated aggregation of phytoplankton cells. It is not known to what extent bacteria stimulate aggregation of marine phytoplankton, the variability in aggregation capacity across different bacterial taxa or the potential role of algogenic exopolymers in this process. Here we screened twenty bacterial isolates, spanning nine orders, for their capacity to stimulate aggregation of two marine phytoplankters, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Nannochloropsis oceanica. In addition to phytoplankton aggregation efficiency, the production of exopolymers was measured using Alcian Blue. Bacterial isolates from the Rhodobacterales, Flavobacteriales and Sphingomonadales orders stimulated the highest levels of cell aggregation in phytoplankton cultures. When co-cultured with bacteria, exopolymer concentration accounted for 34.1% of the aggregation observed in T. weissflogii and 27.7% of the aggregation observed in N. oceanica. Bacteria-mediated aggregation of phytoplankton has potentially important implications for mediating vertical carbon flux in the ocean and in extracting phytoplankton cells from suspension for biotechnological applications.
Bulk-boundary asymptotic equivalence of two strict deformation quantizations
Authors: Moretti Valter , van de Ven Christiaan J. F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe existence of a strict deformation quantization of $$X_k=S(M_k({\mathbb {C}}))$$

X
k

=
S

(

M
k

(
C
)

)

, the state space of the $$k\times k$$

k
×
k

matrices $$M_k({\mathbb {C}})$$

M
k

(
C
)

which is canonically a compact Poisson manifold (with stratified boundary), has recently been proved by both authors and Landsman (Rev Math Phys 32:2050031, 2020. 10.1142/S0129055X20500312). In fact, since increasing tensor powers of the $$k\times k$$

k
×
k

matrices $$M_k({\mathbb {C}})$$

M
k

(
C
)

are known to give rise to a continuous bundle of $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras over $$I=\{0\}\cup 1/\mathbb {N}\subset [0,1]$$

I
=
{
0
}
∪
1
/
N
⊂
[
0
,
1
]

with fibers $$A_{1/N}=M_k({\mathbb {C}})^{\otimes N}$$

A

1
/
N

=

M
k

(
C
)

⊗
N

and $$A_0=C(X_k)$$

A
0

=
C

(

X
k

)

, we were able to define a strict deformation quantization of $$X_k$$

X
k

à la Rieffel, specified by quantization maps $$Q_{1/N}:/ \tilde{A}_0\rightarrow A_{1/N}$$

Q

1
/
N

:
/

A
~

0

→

A

1
/
N

, with $$\tilde{A}_0$$

A
~

0

a dense Poisson subalgebra of $$A_0$$

A
0

. A similar result is known for the symplectic manifold $$S^2\subset \mathbb {R}^3$$

S
2

⊂

R

3

, for which in this case the fibers $$A'_{1/N}=M_{N+1}(\mathbb {C})\cong B(\text {Sym}^N(\mathbb {C}^2))$$

A

1
/
N

′

=

M

N
+
1

(
C
)

≅
B

(

Sym
N

(

C

2

)

)

and $$A_0'=C(S^2)$$

A
0
′

=
C

(

S
2

)

form a continuous bundle of $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras over the same base space I, and where quantization is specified by (a priori different) quantization maps $$Q_{1/N}': \tilde{A}_0' \rightarrow A_{1/N}'$$

Q

1
/
N

′

:

A
~

0
′

→

A

1
/
N

′

. In this paper, we focus on the particular case $$X_2\cong B^3$$

X
2

≅

B
3

(i.e., the unit three-ball in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

) and show that for any function $$f\in \tilde{A}_0$$

f
∈

A
~

0

one has $$\lim _{N\rightarrow \infty }||(Q_{1/N}(f))|_{\text {Sym}^N(\mathbb {C}^2)}-Q_{1/N}'(f|_{_{S^2}})||_N=0$$

lim

N
→
∞

|
|

(

Q

1
/
N

(
f
)

)

|

Sym
N

(

C

2

)

-

Q

1
/
N

′

(
f

|

S
2

)

|
|

N

=
0

, where $$\text {Sym}^N(\mathbb {C}^2)$$

Sym
N

(

C

2

)

denotes the symmetric subspace of $$(\mathbb {C}^2)^{N \otimes }$$

(

C

2

)

N
⊗

. Finally, we give an application regarding the (quantum) Curie–Weiss model.