bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugation of artificial humic acids with inorganic soil matter to restore land for improved conservation of water and nutrients
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Shuaishuai , Fu Qiang , Antonietti Markus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractArtificial soil (AS) with a dark–brown appearance and high soil organic matter (SOM) was manufactured under hydrothermal conditions from poor sandy landfill using the 'hydrothermal humification process.' This approach may retrosynthesize the natural clay–humin complex, which is the main contributor for water and ion binding in fertile, natural soils. The structure and morphology of as‐created organic–inorganic composites was examined, and it was shown that the as‐created artificial SOM (A‐SOM) indeed tightly binds to the mineral surfaces, thus creating remediated soil or more general AS. A‐SOM does not change the bulk structure of the involved inorganic minerals but activates their surface. Depending on the biomass used as the starting product, the high effectivity of synthetic humification improves the organic carbon and nitrogen content when compared with the employed sandy soil (SS). The composition was adjusted to be comparable with a reference sample of cultivated soil (2.92% in C content and 7.8% in SOM) to enable a fair referencing. We then analyzed the most frequently used soil quality indicators for agricultural land use and found strong water retention and nutrient conservation, which reflects the successful restoration of mineral–humus conjugation. Pure ASs provide superior performance in the analyzed series, whereas simulated soils (mixture of SS and AS) still exhibit satisfactory capacities of water and ion bonding. The values were found to be very similar to cultivated soils sampled from Germany and Harbin, China.
Three‐dimensional imaging of upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure
Authors: Chitose Shun‐ichi , Shin Yasuro , Sato Kiminori , Hamakawa Sachiyo , Fukahori Mioko , Ono Takeharu , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) is used to analyze upper esophageal sphincter (UES) physiology. Conventional HRM can yield imprecise measurements of UES resting pressure given its unidirectional sensors and averaging of circumferential pressure. In contrast, three‐dimensional (3D) measurements can yield precise UES resting pressure data over the entire length of the UES. This study conducted a detailed analysis of UES resting pressure as evaluated by 3D‐HRM.MethodsSeventeen young, healthy adult participants (7 females and 10 males) were recruited. The 3D‐HRM system used includes a pressure sensor catheter (outer diameter, 4 mm) and eight‐channel transducers arranged circumferentially to acquire pressure data at 45° intervals. The catheter was inserted transnasally into the esophagus and automatically retracted at a speed of 1 mm/s. Participants performed the following tasks: maintain resting breathing, perform breath holding, and perform the Valsalva maneuver. Data were obtained and compared per millimeter over the longitudinal UES length.ResultsClear 3D waveforms were identified, with greater mean UES pressures in anterior‐posterior directions than in lateral directions (P < .05). The anterior distribution was located superior to the posterior portion. Significant differences were observed in mean UES pressures and UES resting integrals between resting breathing and the Valsalva maneuver (P < 0.05). No differences in functional UES length were observed.ConclusionsThe normal UES resting pressure was not directionally uniform in the luminal structure. 3D‐HRM imaging of UES resting pressure can help deepen our understanding of UES physiology.Level of Evidence4
Treatment of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea With Pulsed‐Dye Laser and Oxymetazoline 1.0% Cream: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Suggs Amanda K. , Macri Angela , Richmond Heather , Munavalli Gilly , Friedman Paul M. 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectivesPulsed‐dye laser (PDL) and oxymetazoline 1.0% cream are each used for the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic (ET) rosacea. PDL targets oxyhemoglobin and can reduce facial erythema and telangiectasias. Oxymetazoline 1.0% cream is an α adrenergic agonist, which has shown to reduce facial erythema. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of erythema improvement and telangiectasia clearance after combination treatment with PDL plus oxymetazoline 1.0% cream.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at two sites. Pre‐ and post‐treatment cross‐polarized images from subjects on combination treatment with PDL and oxymetazoline 1.0% cream were graded by a board‐certified dermatologist at each practice. Blinded images were analyzed using the Clinical Erythema Assessment (CEA) Scale (0 = clear and 4 = severe). Unblinded images were analyzed using the five‐point Telangiectasia Scale to determine the degree of improvement post‐treatment compared with baseline (1 = <5% clearance and 5 = 75–100% clearance).ResultsThirty‐one subjects (20 females, 11 males) of age 51 ± 13 years (mean ± standard deviation) were included in the study after an average of 4 months (range: 1–13) of daily oxymetazoline 1.0% cream and two (range: 1–4) PDL treatments. At baseline, 87% of subjects had CEA Grade 2 (mild erythema) or higher. For erythema, 55% of subjects improved by at least one CEA grade and 13% achieved two grades of improvement post‐treatment. For telangiectasias, 90% of subjects achieved at least a two‐point clearance (5–25%), 62% at least a three‐point clearance (25–50%), and 41% at least a four‐point clearance (50–75%) post‐treatment. Compared with subjects with baseline CEA Grade 1–2 (almost clear to mild erythema), significantly more subjects with baseline CEA Grade 3–4 (moderate to severe erythema) achieved at least one CEA grade of improvement (P = 0.021) and two grades of CEA improvement (P = 0.041). A higher percentage of baseline CEA Grade 3–4 subjects achieved at least a two‐point clearance in telangiectasias (P = 0.055).ConclusionsCombination treatment with PDL and daily oxymetazoline 1.0% cream can safely and effectively reduce erythema and telangiectasias. Limitations include the retrospective design of the study, small sample size, and lack of a control group. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of Foreign Body Reaction against PDMS Implant by Grafting Topographically Different Poly(acrylic acid) Micropatterns
Authors: Lee Jae Sang , Shin Byung Ho , Yoo Byoung Yong , Nam Sun‐Young , Lee Miji , Choi Juhwan , Park Hansoo , Choy Young Bin , Heo Chan Yeong , Koh Won‐Gun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layers via surface‐initiated photopolymerization to suppress the capsular contracture resulting from a foreign body reaction. Owing to the nature of photo‐induced polymerization, various PAA micropatterns can be fabricated using photolithography. Hole and stripe micropatterns ≈100‐µm wide and 3‐µm thick are grafted onto the PDMS surface without delamination. The incorporation of PAA micropatterns provides not only chemical cues by hydrophilic PAA microdomains but also topographical cues by hole or stripe micropatterns. In vitro studies reveal that a PAA‐grafted PDMS surface has a lower proliferation of both macrophages (Raw 264.7) and fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) regardless of the pattern presence. However, PDMS with PAA micropatterns, especially stripe micropatterns, minimizes the aggregation of fibroblasts and their subsequent differentiation into myofibroblasts. An in vivo study also shows that PDMS samples with stripe micropatterns polarized macrophages into anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages and most effectively inhibits capsular contracture, which is demonstrated by investigation of inflammation score, transforming‐growth‐factor‐β expression, number of macrophages, and myofibroblasts as well as the collagen density and capsule thickness.
Gradient Polymerization–Induced Self‐Assembly: A One‐Step Approach
Authors: Xu Sihao , Zhang Tong , Kuchel Rhiannon P. , Yeow Jonathan , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work, the authors report a novel single‐step, one‐pot process for the synthesis of self‐assembled nanoparticles using a polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) mechanism. In contrast to conventional approaches employing a pre‐formed macromolecular stabilizer, the disparate reactivities between two monomers, oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and diacetone acrylamide (DAAm), are exploited instead to synthesize a gradient copolymer directly in aqueous solution. Due to the hydrophobicity of poly(DAAm), these gradient copolymers can self‐assemble in situ to form spheres and worms stabilized by the OEGMA residues. A surprisingly broad range of parameters are identified in which the worm morphology can be stabilized, which is highlighted by significant gelation of the reaction mixture in situ. This single‐step gradient copolymerization approach to PISA is more efficient than conventional two‐step syntheses. These results demonstrate improved reproducibility owing to the production of self‐assembled nanoparticles directly in a one‐pot and single‐step synthesis.
Radar absorbing serrated edge for broadband radar cross‐section reduction
Authors: Choi Won‐Ho , Kwak Byeong‐Su , Nam Young‐Woo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of broadband radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction using a radar‐absorbing structure combined with geometric control of edges. The proposed novel design uses a radar‐absorbing structure combined with a serrated edge structure to efficiently improve the absorbing performance of the edge. The primary principle of the RCS reduction in the proposed novel structure is multiple scattering inside the corner reflector shape formed between the serrated edges. Although the absorbing performance of the designed planar absorber has narrowband absorption, the absorber combined with a serrated edge exhibits broadband RCS reduction. In designing a serrated edge shape, a foam core, which is a low‐density and lightweight material, is used to minimize the weight increase. The edge return becomes important for the low observable aircraft platform; hence, the proposed design can be a promising structure for further RCS reduction.
Dynamic B0 shimming of the motor cortex and cerebellum with a multicoil shim setup for BOLD fMRI at 9.4T
Authors: Aghaeifar Ali , Bause Jonas , Leks Edyta , Grodd Wolfgang , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: November 2019

PurposeWe assessed how improved static magnetic field (B0) homogeneity with a dynamic multicoil shimming can influence the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast to noise when echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence is used for a motor task functional MRI study. We showed that a multicoil shim setup can be a proper choice for dynamic shimming of 2 spatially distant areas with different inhomogeneity distributions.MethodsA 16‐channel multicoil shim setup is used to provide improved B0 homogeneity by dynamic slice‐wise shimming. The performance of dynamic B0 shimming was investigated in 2 distinct brain regions, the motor cortex and the cerebellum, in the same experiment during a finger‐tapping task. Temporal SNR (tSNR), geometric distortion of the EPIs, and results of an analysis with a general linear model before and after shimming with the multicoil were compared.ResultsReduced B0 deviation by 30% and 52% in the cerebellum and motor cortex, respectively, resulted in higher tSNR and a reduction of distortions in the EPI. Statistical analysis applied to the EPIs showed higher t values and increased number of voxels above significance threshold when shimming with the multicoil setup.ConclusionsImproved B0 homogeneity leads to higher tSNR and enhances the detection of BOLD signal.
Discontinuous deformation analysis based on the multiplicative decomposition of the displacement
Authors: Gong Shilin , Ling Daosheng , Hu Chengbao , Niu Jiajun 
Published: November 2019

SummaryUpdating the block configuration on the basis of additive decomposition and its linearized expression of the displacement increment leads to the low calculation accuracy of the original discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) and false volume expansion. In this study, the displacement expressions of a small deformation, a large rotation, and the corresponding velocity and acceleration terms on the basis of the initial configuration are presented using multiplicative decomposition. With the use of the principle of virtual work, the stiffness matrix, mass matrix, and force vector of blocks are obtained. Compared with the original DDA, each of the block deformation parameters has obvious physical meaning as a parameter of mechanics, which can be obtained by adding the incremental deformation components of each time step directly without co‐ordinate transformation. Moreover, the proposed modification automatically considers the block deformation produced by centrifugal and Coriolis forces. The analysis of some typical numerical examples have verified the accuracy of the strain and stress calculated by the proposed method, and the current configuration is updated by the total displacements, which completely overcomes the false volume expansion and provides reasonable linear strains.
Nursing case management for people with hypertension in primary health care: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mattei da Silva Ângela Taís , de Fátima Mantovani Maria , Castanho Moreira Ricardo , Perez Arthur Juliana , Molina de Souza Roberto 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionHypertension is a chronic disease that requires continuous and long‐term care to prevent or delay the development of associated complications. Although various interventions for hypertension exist, case management in Brazil's primary healthcare is understudied. We examined nursing case management effectiveness for controlling blood pressure among Brazilian adults with hypertension in the public healthcare system.MethodA randomized controlled trial with a 12‐month follow‐up was conducted at a primary healthcare clinic in southern Brazil. Adult patients with hypertension were randomly allocated to intervention (n = 47) and usual care groups (n = 47). The nursing case management model includes nursing consultations, telephone contact, home visits, health education, and appropriate referrals. Patient outcomes (blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, quality of life, treatment adherence) were assessed at baseline and 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up for the intervention group and at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up for the usual care group. Data were collected from only the intervention group at T6 to avoid contact between the researcher and the usual care group, and to check the care plan and modify it if necessary.ResultsAfter the intervention, the intervention group's blood pressure decreased significantly compared to the usual care group. The differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups was −8.3 (intervention)/1.1 (usual care) mmHg (p = .004) and −7.4/−0.6 mmHg (p = .007), respectively. The intervention group had significantly greater improvement in waist circumference (−2.0/1.2 cm), body mass index (− 0.4/0.3), and treatment adherence (4.8/−1.1) than the usual care group (all p < .05).ConclusionNursing case management in primary healthcare may be effective for improving outcomes among patients with hypertension.
Muscle Strengthening, Aerobic Exercise, and Obesity: A Pooled Analysis of 1.7 Million US Adults
Authors: Bennie Jason A. , De Cocker Katrien , Pavey Toby , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Ding Ding 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveBoth aerobic physical activity and muscle‐strengthening exercise are recommended for obesity prevention. However, at the population level, the independent and/or combined associations of these physical activity modalities with obesity are unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between aerobic physical activity and muscle‐strengthening exercise with obesity among a representative sample of adults.MethodsData were pooled from four US public health surveillance surveys from 2011 to 2017. Cross‐sectional associations between adherence to the aerobic physical activity (≥ 150 min/wk) and muscle‐strengthening exercise (≥ 2 times/wk) guidelines with different classes of BMI‐defined obesity were examined using Poisson regression. Prevalence ratios are reported as both unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.ResultsData were available for 1,677,108 adults (≥ 18 years old). Compared with meeting neither guideline (reference category), meeting both guidelines was associated with the lowest adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) for the following: Class I obesity and above (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), APR = 0.54 (95% CI: 0.53‐0.54); Class II obesity and above (BMI ≥ 35.0 kg/m2), APR = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.31‐0.33); and Class III obesity and above (BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2), APR = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.20‐0.21).ConclusionsAmong nearly 1.7 million US adults, meeting both aerobic and muscle‐strengthening exercise guidelines was associated with a lower obesity prevalence, and associations were more pronounced for higher obesity classes.
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy 1 by combined Bionano optical mapping and karyomapping
Authors: Zheng Yuting , Kong Lingrong , Xu Hui , Lu Yongjie , Zhao Xuechao , Yang Yuxia , Yu Guoliang , li Pidong , Liang Fan , Jin Hongshuai , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo explore the feasibility of performing rapid prenatal diagnoses of FSHD1 using a combination of Bianano optical mapping and linkage‐based karyomapping.MethodsDNA specimens from a family that had been previously diagnosed with FSHD1 using Southern Blot analysis were used for this study. Genetic diagnosis of the proband, fetus chorionic amniotic fluid, and aborted fetal tissue was performed using Bianano optical mapping (BOM) together with linkage‐based karyomapping.ResultsBOM analysis showed that the proband's 4q35.2 region contained four D4Z4 repeats and the 4qA permissible allele, consistent with the previous FSHD1 diagnosis obtained by Southern Blotting. BOM analysis of the fetus' 4q35.2 region was consistent with that of the proband. Karyomap analysis revealed that the fetus inherited the affected chromosome segment from the proband. After genetic counseling, the couple choose termination of pregnancy, and we performed gene diagnosis of the abortus tissue by BOM.ConclusionsBianano optical mapping can determine the number of D4Z4 repeats and exclude interference of the 10q26.3 homologous region, and in combination with karyomapping, can be used for rapid and accurate prenatal diagnosis of FSHD1.
Cell‐free DNA fetal fraction in twin gestations in single‐nucleotide polymorphism‐based noninvasive prenatal screening
Authors: Hedriana Herman , Martin Kimberly , Saltzman Daniel , Billings Paul , Demko Zachary , Benn Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe performance of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for fetal aneuploidy in twin pregnancies is dependent on the amount of placentally derived cell‐free DNA, the “fetal fraction (FF),” present in maternal plasma. We report FF values in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pregnancies.MethodsWe reviewed FF in pregnancies at 10 to 20 completed weeks gestational age based on single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based NIPS where zygosity was routinely established in twin pregnancies. The cohort included 121 446 (96.3%) singleton, 1454 (1.2%) MZ, and 3161 (2.5%) DZ pregnancies. For DZ twins, individual FFs were measured.ResultsCombined FF for DZ and MZ fetuses were 35% and 26% greater than singletons, respectively. The individual FF contributions from each fetus in DZ twins were, on average, 32% less than singletons. FF in DZ twin pairs were moderately correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient.66). When a threshold of 2.8% FF was applied to define uninterpretable results, 1.7% (2102/121 446) of singletons, 0.8% (11/1454) of MZ pairs, and 5.6% (178/3161) of DZ pairs were uninterpretable.ConclusionFor optimal aneuploidy NIPS in twin pregnancies, zygosity should be established and in DZ twins FF for both fetuses should be determined to identify those cases where results can be reliably interpreted.
Large‐area atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges in Ar–HMDSO mixtures: Experiments and fluid modelling
Authors: Loffhagen Detlef , Becker Markus M. , Hegemann Dirk , Nisol Bernard , Watson Sean , Wertheimer Michael R. , Klages Claus‐Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe electrical discharge characteristics of a large‐area experimental dielectric barrier discharge in argon–hexamethyldisiloxane mixtures containing up to about 1,600 ppm of the monomer is analysed by means of electrical measurements and numerical modelling. A time‐dependent, spatially one‐dimensional fluid model is employed, taking into account the spatial variation of the discharge plasma between the two plane‐parallel dielectrics covering the electrodes. Reasonable agreement between electrical measurements and modelling results is generally found for the gap voltages and discharge currents. Remaining differences between the measured and calculated electrical energy dissipated in the plasma per period are discussed.
Multiscale Approach to Shock to Detonation Transition in Energetic Materials
Authors: Jackson Thomas L. , Zhang Ju , Short Mark 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work we present a multiscale approach for coupling the dynamics of void collapse at the microscale to simulations at the mesoscale. We solve the reactive Euler equations, with the energy equation augmented by a power deposition term. The reaction rate at the mesoscale is modelled using a pressure‐dependent power law. The deposition term is based on previous simulations of void collapse, modelled at the mesoscale as hot‐spots. The equation of state was previously calibrated for PBX 9501. The run‐to‐detonation distance is calculated as part of the numerical solution procedure. Results for 1‐D, 2‐D homogeneous, and 2‐D heterogeneous medium are presented, and show good agreement to experimental data.
Visualizing biomolecular electrostatics in virtual reality with UnityMol‐APBS
Authors: Laureanti Joseph , Brandi Juan , Offor Elvis , Engel David , Rallo Robert , Ginovska Bojana , Martinez Xavier , Baaden Marc , Baker Nathan A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractVirtual reality is a powerful tool with the ability to immerse a user within a completely external environment. This immersion is particularly useful when visualizing and analyzing interactions between small organic molecules, molecular inorganic complexes, and biomolecular systems such as redox proteins and enzymes. A common tool used in the biomedical community to analyze such interactions is the Adaptive Poisson‐Boltzmann Solver (APBS) software, which was developed to solve the equations of continuum electrostatics for large biomolecular assemblages. Numerous applications exist for using APBS in the biomedical community including analysis of protein ligand interactions and APBS has enjoyed widespread adoption throughout the biomedical community. Currently, typical use of the full APBS toolset is completed via the command line followed by visualization using a variety of two‐dimensional external molecular visualization software. This process has inherent limitations: visualization of three‐dimensional objects using a two‐dimensional interface masks important information within the depth component. Herein, we have developed a single application, UnityMol‐APBS, that provides a dual experience where users can utilize the full range of the APBS toolset, without the use of a command line interface, by use of a simple graphical user interface (GUI) for either a standard desktop or immersive virtual reality experience.