bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the interpretation and implementation of social and emotional learning in physical education
Authors: Wright Paul M. , Gray Shirley , Richards K. Andrew R. 
Published: October 2020

Social and emotional learning (SEL) competencies such as self‐management and relationship skills are associated with positive outcomes for youth. Therefore, educational policies in many countries emphasise the integration of these competencies throughout the curriculum and specifically in physical education (PE). However, little research has examined the impact of such policy in the context of practice. Drawing upon occupational socialisation theory, this study assessed how secondary teachers interpret and implement this aspect of the Scottish national curriculum. Data sources included teacher interviews (n = 14), pupil focus groups (n = 32) and systematic observations of 23 lessons. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analysed using constant comparison and thematic analysis. The trustworthiness of findings was supported through triangulation, peer debriefing and member check. Findings indicate the curriculum is interpreted at several levels driven largely by teachers’ background experience and organisational influences. Generally, SEL is viewed favourably, but ambiguity and lack of support are challenges to implementation. Common practice involves creating a positive learning environment as well as implicit and reactive teaching approaches. More robust implementation involves the addition of explicit and empowering teaching approaches. Implications for practice, teacher education, policy development and research are discussed.
Axolotl liver regeneration is accomplished via compensatory congestion mechanisms regulated by ERK signaling after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Ohashi Ayaka , Saito Nanami , Kashimoto Rena , Furukawa Saya , Yamamoto Sakiya , Satoh Akira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAxolotls have remarkable organ‐level regeneration capability. They can regenerate their limbs, tail, brain, gills, and heart. The liver had been considered to be a regenerative organ in these highly regeneration‐competent animals. Therefore, no research had been performed on liver regeneration in urodele amphibians. In the present study, we focused on axolotl liver regeneration and found a unique regeneration mechanism compared with other vertebrates.ResultsPartial hepatectomy (PH) was performed to assess axolotl liver regeneration. Regeneration was assessed using block‐face imaging (CoMBi), histology, cell proliferation, weight gain, and Albumin (Alb) + area. Axolotl liver histology was compared with other vertebrates. Axolotl liver consists of Glisson's capsule, sinusoids, and hepatic cord with no apparent lobule structures. Hepatocytes were mononucleated or multinucleated. PH increased the multinucleated hepatocytes and the Alb + area, but there was no apparent liver shape recovery even 40 days after PH. Gene expression pattern suggests that no epimorphic regeneration takes place. We also found that the increase in the number of proliferating hepatocytes was regulated by ERK‐signaling.ConclusionOur findings suggest that axolotls, which have epimorphic regeneration ability, regenerate their liver via unique mechanisms, compensatory congestion.
Stony coral populations are more sensitive to changes in vital rates in disturbed environments
Authors: Hall Tessa E. , Freedman Andrew S. , de Roos André M. , Edmunds Peter J. , Carpenter Robert C. , Gross Kevin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractReef‐building corals, like many long‐lived organisms, experience environmental change as a combination of separate but concurrent processes, some of which are gradual yet long‐lasting, while others are more acute but short‐lived. For corals, some chronic environmental stressors, such as rising temperature and ocean acidification, are thought to induce gradual changes in colonies' vital rates. Meanwhile, other environmental changes, such as the intensification of tropical cyclones, change the disturbance regime that corals experience. Here, we use a physiologically structured population model to explore how chronic environmental stressors that impact the vital rates of individual coral colonies interact with the intensity and magnitude of disturbance to affect coral population dynamics and cover. We find that, when disturbances are relatively benign, intraspecific density dependence driven by space competition partially buffers coral populations against gradual changes in vital rates. However, the impact of chronic stressors is amplified in more highly disturbed environments, because disturbance weakens the buffering effect of space competition. We also show that coral cover is more sensitive to changes in colony growth and mortality than to external recruitment, at least in open populations, and that space competition and size structure mediate the extent and pace of coral population recovery following a large‐scale mortality event. Understanding the complex interplay among chronic environmental stressors, mass‐mortality events, and population size structure sharpens our ability to manage and to restore coral‐reef ecosystems in an increasingly disturbed future.
Higher mortality rates for large‐ and medium‐sized mammals on plantation roads compared to highways in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Jamhuri Jamaluddin , Edinoor Mohd Anuar , Kamarudin Norizah , Lechner Alex M. , Ashton‐Butt Adham , Azhar Badrul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe fragmentation of forests by agricultural expansion, urbanization, and road networks is an ongoing global biodiversity crisis. In Southeast Asia and other tropical regions, wildlife populations are being isolated into pockets of natural habitat surrounded by road networks and monoculture plantations. Mortality from wildlife–vehicle collisions (WVCs) is contributing to a decline in many species of conservation priority in human‐modified landscapes. This study is the first in Malaysia to investigate factors affecting the occurrence of WVCs. We assessed roadkill data gathered by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks on small‐, medium‐, and large‐sized mammals in Peninsular Malaysia. We examined the relationship between wildlife road accidents and several environmental factors. We found a total of 605 roadkill animals, involving 21 species, which included three species classified as Endangered. Road type (plantation road or highway), year, and distance of the road from continuous and fragmented forests were significant in determining mammal mortality. Unexpectedly, the majority of road mortality occurred on palm oil plantation roads compared to highways. Mortality of small‐ and medium‐sized mammals was greater at locations further from continuous forest than those closer to fragmented forests. Segmentation of continuous forest by roads should be avoided wherever possible to reduce the threat of roads on crossing wildlife.
Infant cannibalism in wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys
Authors: Nishikawa Mari , Ferrero Nuria , Cheves Saul , Lopez Ronald , Kawamura Shoji , Fedigan Linda M. , Melin Amanda D. , Jack Katharine M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCannibalism has been observed in a variety of animal taxa; however, it is relatively uncommon in primates. Thus, we rely heavily on case reports of this behavior to advance our understanding of the contexts under which it occurs. Here, we report the first observation of cannibalism in a group of wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator). The subject was a dead infant, estimated to be 10 days old, and the probable victim of infanticide. Consumption of the corpse was initiated by a 2‐year‐old male (second cousin of the infant), though it was eventually taken over and monopolized by the group's alpha female (grandaunt of the infant). Although most group members expressed interest in the corpse (sniffing, touching, and threatening it), no others made an attempt to consume it. Given that this is the only observation of cannibalism recorded in over 37 years of study on this population, we consider it to be a rare behavior in this species. This detailed record contributes new data, which, when combined with other reports within and across species and contexts, enables the evaluation of adaptive explanations of cannibalism.
Which passengers are on your bus? A taxonomy of the barriers adolescents with chronic pain face in achieving functional recovery
Authors: Jacobs Konrad , Smith Alisha , Heathcote Lauren C. , Caes Line 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite evidence that intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) is effective in facilitating functional recovery in adolescents with chronic pain, engagement with IIPT is suboptimal among adolescents. A key aspect of IIPT is to support functional recovery via (re)engagement with age‐appropriate daily activities. The aim of this study was to gain a comprehensive insight into adolescents’ perceptions of the barriers they need to overcome to engage with age‐appropriate activities in order to achieve functional recovery.MethodsForty‐one adolescents who were starting an IIPT programme completed the ‘passenger‐on‐the‐bus metaphor’, an exercise in which they identify and describe their perceived barriers (i.e. ‘passengers’ on their bus) that prevent them from engaging with age‐appropriate activities. The responses were analysed using inductive thematic analyses to generate a taxonomy of perceived barriers to functional recovery.ResultsWe generated a taxonomy of seven different barriers that participants described facing on their road to functional recovery: physical constraints, being ‘fed up’, low self‐confidence and self‐esteem, perfectionism, avoidance of engagement with pain, feelings (such as sadness, anger, guilt, anxiety) and social barriers (received from a range of sources such as parents, friends, school and wider society).ConclusionThe findings reveal a variety of barriers that were perceived to hinder functional recovery through reduced engagement with age‐appropriate activities and thereby hamper progress within IIPT. The Passenger on the bus metaphor can be used to identify similar barriers faced by adolescents in an individualized treatment approach, thereby making it possible for clinicians to target their IIPT more precisely.
Medical cannabis treatment for chronic pain: Outcomes and prediction of response
Authors: Aviram Joshua , Pud Dorit , Gershoni Tamar , Schiff‐Keren Bareket , Ogintz Miriam , Vulfsons Simon , Yashar Tamar , Adahan Haim‐Moshe , Brill Silviu , Amital Howard , Goor‐Aryeh Itay , Robinson Dror , Green Leslie , Segal Refael , Fogelman Yacov , Tsvieli Oren , Yellin Ben , Vysotski Yelena , Morag Ofir , Tashlykov Vadim , Sheinfeld Roee , Goor Ruth , Meiri David , Eisenberg Elon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough studied in a few randomized controlled trials, the efficacy of medical cannabis (MC) for chronic pain remains controversial. Using an alternative approach, this multicentre, questionnaire‐based prospective cohort was aimed to assess the long‐term effects of MC on chronic pain of various aetiologies and to identify predictors for MC treatment success.MethodsPatients with chronic pain, licensed to use MC in Israel, reported weekly average pain intensity (primary outcome) and related symptoms before and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months following MC treatment initiation. A general linear model was used to assess outcomes and identify predictors for treatment success (≥30% reduction in pain intensity).ResultsA total of 1,045 patients completed the baseline questionnaires and initiated MC treatment, and 551 completed the 12‐month follow‐up. At 1 year, average pain intensity declined from baseline by 20% [−1.97 points (95%CI = −2.13 to −1.81; p < 0.001)]. All other parameters improved by 10%–30% (p < 0.001). A significant decrease of 42% [reduction of 27 mg; (95%CI = −34.89 to 18.56, p < 0.001)] from baseline in morphine equivalent daily dosage of opioids was also observed. Reported adverse effects were common but mostly non‐serious. Presence of normal to long sleep duration, lower body mass index and lower depression score predicted relatively higher treatment success, whereas presence of neuropathic pain predicted the opposite.ConclusionsThis prospective study provides further evidence for the effects of MC on chronic pain and related symptoms, demonstrating an overall mild‐to‐modest long‐term improvement of the tested measures and identifying possible predictors for treatment success.
New Amine/Phenylglycedyl Ether Adducts for Mild Steel Protection in 1 M HCl: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Akalezi C. O. , Onwumere F. C. , Alisa C. O. , Nnanyereugo M. N. , Oguzie E. E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe key objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of structure and increased molecular size on the corrosion inhibition potential of two synthesized amines, when compared to their precursor compounds. The product amines were N‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐phenoxy) ethanolamine (NHPE), N,N−Di‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐phenoxypropyl) ethanolamine (NNHPE) synthesized from monoethanolamine (MEA) and phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) as starting materials. Both starting and product amines were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition potentials were assessed using experimental and quantum theoretical modeling and calculations. Some key electronic properties such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, gap energy, dipole moment and surface area, were calculated and discussed. The various approaches adopted in this study were in reasonable agreement and the following average inhibition efficiency trend was obtained: NNHPE (75.7 %)>NHPE (68.3 %)>PGE (64.2) >MEA (61.0).
Heritable hazards of smoking: Applying the “clean sheet” framework to further science and policy
Authors: Bline Abigail P. , Dearfield Kerry L. , DeMarini David M. , Marchetti Francesco , Yauk Carole L. , Escher Jill ,   Workshop Presenters
Published: October 2020

AbstractAll the cells in our bodies are derived from the germ cells of our parents, just as our own germ cells become the bodies of our children. The integrity of the genetic information inherited from these germ cells is of paramount importance in establishing the health of each generation and perpetuating our species into the future. There is a large and growing body of evidence strongly suggesting the existence of substances that may threaten this integrity by acting as human germ cell mutagens. However, there generally are no absolute regulatory requirements to test agents for germ cell effects. In addition, the current regulatory testing paradigms do not evaluate the impacts of epigenetically mediated intergenerational effects, and there is no regulatory framework to apply new and emerging tests in regulatory decision making. At the 50th annual meeting of the Environmental Mutagenesis and Genomics Society held in Washington, DC, in September 2019, a workshop took place that examined the heritable effects of hazardous exposures to germ cells, using tobacco smoke as the example hazard. This synopsis provides a summary of areas of concern regarding heritable hazards from tobacco smoke exposures identified at the workshop and the value of the Clean Sheet framework in organizing information to address knowledge and testing gaps.
Climate sensitivity of water use by riparian woodlands at landscape scales
Authors: Mayes Marc , Caylor Kelly K. , Singer Michael Bliss , Stella John C. , Roberts Dar , Nagler Pamela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSemi‐arid riparian woodlands face threats from increasing extractive water demand and climate change in dryland landscapes worldwide. Improved landscape‐scale understanding of riparian woodland water use (evapotranspiration, ET) and its sensitivity to climate variables is needed to strategically manage water resources, as well as to create successful ecosystem conservation and restoration plans for potential climate futures. In this work, we assess the spatial and temporal variability of Cottonwood (Populus fremontii)‐Willow (Salix gooddingii) riparian gallery woodland ET and its relationships to vegetation structure and climate variables for 80 km of the San Pedro River corridor in southeastern Arizona, USA, between 2014 and 2019. We use a novel combination of publicly available remote sensing, climate and hydrological datasets: cloud‐based Landsat thermal remote sensing data products for ET (Google Earth Engine EEFlux), Landsat multispectral imagery and field data‐based calibrations to vegetation structure (leaf‐area index, LAI), and open‐source climate and hydrological data. We show that at landscape scales, daily ET rates (6–10 mm day−1) and growing season ET totals (400–1,400 mm) matched rates of published field data, and modelled reach‐scale average LAI (0.80–1.70) matched lower ranges of published field data. Over 6 years, the spatial variability of total growing season ET (CV = 0.18) exceeded that of temporal variability (CV = 0.10), indicating the importance of reach‐scale vegetation and hydrological conditions for controlling ET dynamics. Responses of ET to climate differed between perennial and intermittent‐flow stream reaches. At perennial‐flow reaches, ET correlated significantly with temperature, whilst at intermittent‐flow sites ET correlated significantly with rainfall and stream discharge. Amongst reaches studied in detail, we found positive but differing logarithmic relationships between LAI and ET. By documenting patterns of high spatial variability of ET at basin scales, these results underscore the importance of accurately accounting for differences in woodland vegetation structure and hydrological conditions for assessing water‐use requirements. Results also suggest that the climate sensitivity of ET may be used as a remote indicator of subsurface water resources relative to vegetation demand, and an indicator for informing conservation management priorities.
Quantifying groundwater sensitivity and resilience over peninsular India
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Sinha Jhilam , Madramootoo Chandra A. , Goyal Manish Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGroundwater in India plays an important role to support livelihoods and maintain ecosystems and the present rate of depletion of groundwater resources poses a serious threat to water security. Yet, the sensitivity of the hydrological processes governing groundwater recharge to climate variability remains unclear in the region. Here we assess the groundwater sensitivity (precipitation–recharge relationship) and its potential resilience towards climatic variability over peninsular India using a conceptual water balance model and a convex model, respectively in 54 catchments over peninsular India. Based on the model performance using a comprehensive approach (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency [NSE], bias and variability), 24 out of 54 catchments are selected for assessment of groundwater sensitivity and its resilience. Further, a systematic approach is used to understand the changes in resilience on a temporal scale based upon the convex model and principle of critical slowing down theory. The results of the study indicate that the catchments with higher mean groundwater sensitivity (GWS) encompass high variability in GWS over the period (1988–2011), thus indicating the associated vulnerability towards hydroclimatic disturbances. Moreover, it was found that the catchments pertaining to a lower magnitude of mean resilience index incorporates a high variability in resilience index over the period (1993–2007), clearly illustrating the inherent vulnerability of these catchments. The resilience of groundwater towards climatic variability and hydroclimatic disturbances that is revealed by groundwater sensitivity is essential to understand the future impacts of changing climate on groundwater and can further facilitate effective adaptation strategies.
Breast cancer incidence in the regions of Belarus and Ukraine most contaminated by the Chernobyl accident: 1978 to 2016
Authors: Zupunski Ljubica , Yaumenenka Alesia , Ryzhov Anton , Veyalkin Ilya , Drozdovitch Vladimir , Masiuk Sergii , Ivanova Olha , Kesminiene Ausrele , Pukkala Eero , Moiseev Pavel , Prysyazhnyuk Anatoly , Schüz Joachim , Ostroumova Evgenia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEven 30 years after the accident, an association between breast cancer incidence and ionizing radiation exposure from Chernobyl fallout remains uncertain. We studied breast cancer incidence in the most contaminated regions of Belarus (Gomel and Mogilev) and Ukraine (Kyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv) before (1978‐1986) and after (1987‐2016) the accident. Breast cancer cases and female population size data were received from the national cancer registries and the state departments of statistics. The study included 85 132 breast cancers with 150 million person‐years at risk. We estimated annual rayon (district)‐average absorbed doses to the breast from external and internal irradiation of the adult female population over the period of 1986‐2016. We studied an association between rayon‐average cumulative absorbed breast dose with 5‐year lag, that is, excluding the exposure in 5 years prior to breast cancer diagnosis, and breast cancer incidence using negative binomial regression models. Mean (median) cumulative breast dose in 2016 was 12.3 (5.0) milligray (mGy) in Belarus and 5.7 (2.3) mGy in Ukraine, with the maximum dose of 55 mGy and 54 mGy, respectively. Breast cancer incidence rates statistically significantly increased with calendar year and attained age, and were higher in urban than in rural residents. Adjusting for time, age and urbanicity effects, we found no evidence of increasing incidence with rayon‐average 5‐year lagged cumulative breast dose. Owing to ecological study design limitations, a case‐control study covering this area with individually reconstructed absorbed breast doses is needed testing for association between low‐dose protracted radiation exposure and breast cancer risk after Chernobyl.
Impact of bank capital on non‐performing loans: New evidence of concave capital from dynamic panel‐data and time series analysis in Malaysia
Authors: Hajja Yaman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmid the steep expansion in Malaysia household debt, we investigate the role of bank capital in disciplining non‐performing loans (NPLs) after controlling for the macroeconomic environment. Utilizing generalized method of moments (GMM) on a dynamic panel‐data of 19 commercial banks and stress testing of NPLs using vector autoregression (VAR) on aggregated‐monthly time series of the banking system, we provide new evidence that the capital (in the past and in the future) is a concave function of NPLs implying that increasing the capital will initially increase the NPLs until NPLs reach a maximum threshold (under the moral hazard effect), after which more capital build ups will succeed in decreasing NPLs (under the disciplinary or regulatory effect). We also find that higher levels in GDP growth and lending interest rate and are associated with more NPLs, while higher inflation is associated with less NPLs. Monetary expansion, that is, higher money supply growth raises NPLs in banks, while competition between banks and higher liquidity of the stock market are NPLs reducing.
The use of alpha‐2‐macroglobulin as a novel treatment for patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Brooks Brocha , Leishear Kim , Aronson Rebecca , Howell Melanie , Khakshooy Allen , Pico Michael , Shrikhande Allyson 
Published: October 2020

SynopsisAlpha‐2‐macroglobulin shows potential for use as an adjunctive treatment option for chronic pelvic pain syndrome when injected into Alcock’s canal using a hydrodissection technique.