bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Common Light Chain Antibodies from Immunized Chickens Using Yeast Biopanning and Fluorescence‐Activated Cell Sorting
Authors: Bogen Jan P. , Storka Juliana , Yanakieva Desislava , Fiebig David , Grzeschik Julius , Hock Björn , Kolmar Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe phylogenetic distance between chickens and humans accounts for a strong immune response and a broader epitope coverage compared to rodent immunization approaches. Here the authors report the isolation of common light chain (cLC)‐based chicken monoclonal antibodies from an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immune library utilizing yeast surface display in combination with yeast biopanning and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). For the selection of high‐affinity antibodies, a yeast cell library presenting cLC‐comprising fragment antigen binding (Fab) fragments is panned against hEGFR‐overexpressing A431 cells. The resulting cell–cell‐complexes are sorted by FACS resulting in gradual enrichment of EGFR‐binding Fabs in three sorting rounds. The isolated antibodies share the same light chain and show high specificity for EGFR, resulting in selective binding to A431 cells with notable EC50 values. All identified antibodies show very good aggregation propensity profiles and thermostabilities. Additionally, epitope binning demonstrates that these cLC antibodies cover a broad epitope space. Isolation of antibodies from immunized chickens by yeast cell biopanning makes an addition to the repertoire of methods for antibody library screening, paving the way for the generation of cLC‐based bispecific antibodies against native mammalian receptors.
Optimizing the biosynthesis of oxygenated and acetylated Taxol precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using advanced bioprocessing strategies
Authors: Walls Laura E. , Malcı Koray , Nowrouzi Behnaz , Li Rachel A. , d'Espaux Leo , Wong Jeff , Dennis Jonathan A. , Semião Andrea J. C. , Wallace Stephen , Martinez José L. , Keasling Jay D. , Rios‐Solis Leonardo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTaxadien‐5α‐hydroxylase and taxadien‐5α‐ol O‐acetyltransferase catalyze the oxidation of taxadiene to taxadien‐5α‐ol and subsequent acetylation to taxadien‐5α‐yl‐acetate in the biosynthesis of the blockbuster anticancer drug, paclitaxel (Taxol®). Despite decades of research, the promiscuous and multispecific CYP725A4 enzyme remains a major bottleneck in microbial biosynthetic pathway development. In this study, an interdisciplinary approach was applied for the construction and optimization of the early pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, across a range of bioreactor scales. High‐throughput microscale optimization enhanced total oxygenated taxane titer to 39.0 ± 5.7 mg/L and total taxane product titers were comparable at micro and minibioreactor scale at 95.4 ± 18.0 and 98.9 mg/L, respectively. The introduction of pH control successfully mitigated a reduction of oxygenated taxane production, enhancing the potential taxadien‐5α‐ol isomer titer to 19.2 mg/L, comparable with the 23.8 ± 3.7 mg/L achieved at microscale. A combination of bioprocess optimization and increased gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry resolution at 1 L bioreactor scale facilitated taxadien‐5α‐yl‐acetate detection with a final titer of 3.7 mg/L. Total oxygenated taxane titers were improved 2.7‐fold at this scale to 78 mg/L, the highest reported titer in yeast. Critical parameters affecting the productivity of the engineered strain were identified across a range of scales, providing a foundation for the development of robust integrated bioprocess control systems.
Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the trends in death and disability‐adjusted life years of leukemia from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Ou Zejin , Yu Danfeng , Liang Yuanhao , He Wenqiao , Li Yongzhi , Zhang Minyi , You Fangfei , He Huan , Chen Qing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe patterns of leukemia burden have dramatically changed in recent years. This study aimed to estimate the global trends of leukemia‐related death and disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2017.MethodsThe data was acquired from the latest version of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to estimate the trend of age‐standardized rate (ASR) of death and DALYs due to leukemia and its main subtypes from 1990 to 2017.ResultsGlobally, the numbers of death and DALYs due to leukemia were 347.58 × 103 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 317.26 × 103‐364.88 × 103) and 11975.35 × 103 (95% UI = 10749.15 × 103‐12793.58 × 103) in 2017, with a 31.22% and 0.03% increase in absolute numbers from 1990 to 2017, respectively. Both of their ASR showed decreasing trends from 1990 to 2017 with the EAPCs being −1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI] = (−1.10‐−0.99) and −1.52 (95% CI = −1.59‐−1.44), respectively. Globally, the most pronounced decreasing trend of death and DALYs occurred in chronic myeloid leukemia with EAPCs of −2.76 (95% CI = −2.88‐−2.64) and −2.84 (95% CI = −2.97‐−2.70), respectively, while the trend increased in acute myeloid leukemia. The death and DALYs of leukemia decreased in most areas and countries with high socio‐demographic index (SDI) including Bahrain, Finland, and Australia.ConclusionsThe disease burden of death and DALYs due to leukemia decreased globally, and for most regions and countries from 1990 to 2017. However, the leukemia burden is still a substantial challenge globally and required adequate and affordable medical resources to improve the survival and quality of life of leukemia patients.
Chemical Proteomics for Expanding the Druggability of Human Disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbstract. Over the past decade, chemical proteomics has emerged as a powerful technique to understand small molecule and protein function in the physiological system and plays a key role in unravelling the cellular targets of pharmacological modulators. Chemical proteomics that integrates activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) with mass spectrometry has been introduced to evaluate small‐molecule and protein interaction and expand the druggable proteome. A much larger fraction of the human proteome can now be targeted by small molecules than estimated by past predictions of protein druggability.
Treating cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest: The right place, the right time, the right equipment
Authors: Schamroth Pravda Nili , Kornowski Ran 
Published: September 2020

Key Points
The use of VA‐ECMO for patients with cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock in the cardiac catheterization laboratory may be associated with improved survival.
Clinicians should be aware of a high complication rate of this therapy.
Further data is needed to best select the appropriate form of mechanical circulatory support in this clinical context.
Upstream anticoagulation: Another brick in the wall?
Authors: Musumeci Giuseppe , Annibali Gianmarco 
Published: September 2020

Key Points
There is no clear consensus regarding the optimal drug and timing of the anticoagulation therapy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Upstream anticoagulation therapy would appear to have advantages for patients, both from the ischemic standpoint and from the bleeding one.
Future trials are needed to compare different possible strategies with anticoagulation therapies, regarding both the timing and the optimal drug for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients.
Early readmission after mitral valve repair: God is in the details
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Masiero Giulia 
Published: September 2020

Key Points
The identification of patients at high risk for readmission after cardiac valve treatment is essential to improve patients' clinical outcomes and quality of life.
Anemia, neurological disease, chronic kidney disease, and electrolytical disorders are the main drivers to worsening heart failure or arrhythmias after surgical or percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation.
These factors should be carefully addressed during the index hospitalization and monitored during close follow‐up.
Outcomes with catheter‐directed thrombolysis compared with anticoagulation alone in patients with acute deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Abraham Bishoy , Sedhom Ramy , Megaly Michael , Saad Marwan , Elbadawi Ayman , Elgendy Islam Y. , Omer Mohamed , Narayanan Mahesh Anantha , Mena‐Hurtado Carlos , Pershad Ashish , Shamoun Fadi , Lalonde Thomas , Attallah Antonious 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe authors aimed to investigate the benefits and risks of catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT) in acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT).BackgroundThe role of CDT in the management of DVT is evolving. Data on CDT versus anticoagulation alone in acute DVT is sparse.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies that compared CDT to anticoagulation alone in patients with acute DVT.ResultsWe included 11 studies (four randomized control trials [RCTs] and seven observational studies) with a total of 8,737 patients. During hospital stay, patients who received CDT had higher odds of major bleeding (2.5% vs. 1.6%; OR 1.46, 95% CI [1.07, 1.98], p = .02), blood transfusion (10.8% vs. 6.2%; OR 1.8, 95% CI [1.52, 2.13], p < .001), and thromboembolism (15.5% vs. 10%; OR 1.67, 95% CI [1.47, 1.91], p < .001) compared with anticoagulation alone. At 6‐month follow‐up, patients who received CDT had higher venous patency (71.1% vs. 37.7%; OR 5.49, 95% CI [2.63, 11.5], p < .001) and lower postthrombotic syndrome (PTS; 27% vs. 40.7%; OR 0.44, 95% CI [0.22, 0.86], p = .02). During a mean follow‐up duration of 30.5 ± 28 months, CDT group continued to have higher venous patency (79.6% vs. 71.8%; OR 3.79, 95% CI [1.54, 9.32], p = .004) and lower PTS (44.7% vs. 50.5%; OR 0.43, 95% CI [0.23, 0.78], p = .006), but no difference in thromboembolism.ConclusionCompared with anticoagulation alone, CDT for patients with acute DVT was associated with a higher risk of complications, but a higher rate of venous patency and lower risk of postthrombotic syndrome at 2.5 years follow‐up.
Preliminary findings on the use of intravascular ultrasound in the assessment of pediatric pulmonary vein stenosis
Authors: Callahan Ryan , Jenkins Kathy J. , Gauthier Zachary , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Porras Diego 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the feasibility of performing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in pediatric pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) and investigate whether IVUS can delineate the mechanism of PVS.BackgroundThe use of IVUS in pediatric patients with PVS has not been reported.MethodsRetrospective, single center, cohort analysis of all patients who underwent IVUS of pulmonary veins from August 2016 to December 2019.ResultsIVUS was performed on 81 pulmonary veins in 50 pediatric patients (median age = 1.7 years [0.9, 3.1], median weight = 8.6 kg [7.3, 11.8]). All veins accepted the IVUS catheter (.014 or .018), with adequate visualization in 88% (71/81) of imaged veins, and improvement in visualization in the more recent period (23/24; 96%). Veins were categorized as having presumed intimal thickening (PIT) with luminal narrowing (n = 36), ostial narrowing without PIT (n = 14), distortion/compression (n = 6), normal (n = 2), and stent with (n = 9) or without in‐stent stenosis (n = 4). In veins with at least 6 months of follow up, (re)intervention occurred more commonly in veins with PIT (14/19; 74%) versus veins without PIT (3/13; 23%; p = 0.01). There were no IVUS related adverse events.ConclusionIVUS can be used safely in pediatric patients and can reliably demonstrate vein lumen and wall architecture. With further refinement, IVUS has the potential to differentiate intimal neo‐proliferation from other mechanisms of obstruction. The exact role of IVUS in the assessment of pediatric PVS is yet to be determined.
Human parvovirus B19 infection in an immunocompromised host
Authors: Pandey Soumya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSerologic testing may be negative in immunocompromised hosts due to inadequate IgG and IgM response. The classic bone marrow findings of viral inclusions and giant proerythroblasts are pathognomonic for active infection and should prompt initiation of therapy regardless of serologic results.
Energetic Performance and Permeate Flux Investigation of Direct‐Contact Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination
Authors: Boubakri Ali , Elgharbi Sarra , Bouguecha Salah Al-Tahar , Hafiane Amor 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe performance of the direct‐contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process in desalting Mediterranean seawater was investigated. Theoretical and experimental optimization of various operating parameters was conducted. The effects of temperature differences, feed velocity, and membrane characteristics were studied. When using commercial polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, the vapor transfer throughout the membrane pores is dominated by the Knudsen‐molecular diffusion model. Maximum permeate flux was obtained when increasing temperature, feed velocity, membrane pore size, and porosity and decreasing membrane tortuosity and thickness. Thermal efficiency, gained output ratio, and specific thermal energy consumption were improved when increasing feed temperature. By application of the DCMD process to Mediterranean seawater, a high water quality was obtained.
Porous silicon prepared from monolithic porous silica glass using a two‐step magnesiothermic reduction
Authors: Matsubara Keisuke , Shiomi Haruhisa , Shiono Takeshi , Okada Arifumi , Wakasugi Takashi , Kadono Kohei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMagnesiothermic reduction to convert silicon dioxide into silicon is difficult to control because the reduction often proceeds through the formation of magnesium silicide. To improve the yield of silicon, we have applied a two‐step magnesiothermic reduction to produce porous silicon from a monolithic porous silica glass substrate. At the first step, the porous silica glass substrate with pore size of approximately 40 nm was reacted with magnesium at 525°C for 6 hours, in which magnesium silicide was formed in the several tens of micrometers‐deep surface layer, while the inside of the substrate remained unreacted. Subsequently, in the second step, the product was heat‐treated at 650°C for 72 hours to produce silicon. In this step, the obtained magnesium silicide reacted with the unreacted silica glass and the intermediate products, which consist of silicon in the intermediate oxidation states generated in the first step of the reaction. The obtained silicon retained the characteristic porous structure of the initial porous silica glass. The sample also retained the monolithic shape of the initial substrate, even after being divided into several pieces. In addition, we found that periodical layered structures were generated in the course of the reduction procedure. We successfully obtained a monolithic porous silica glass sample, the surface region of which consists of porous silicon.
Amino‐Functionalization of Vinyl‐Substituted Aromatic Diimides by Quantitative and Catalyst‐Free Hydroamination**
Authors: Sanematsu Haruki , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Takeuchi Masayuki , Takai Atsuro 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDevelopment of facile and versatile synthetic tools for decorating π‐conjugated molecules has attracted considerable interest because of their potential application in creating novel functional π‐systems. Reported herein are quantitative catalyst‐free hydroamination reactions of a series of aromatic diimide compounds having vinyl groups at the π‐core, which have been confirmed by NMR, UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, mass analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis. Kinetic studies revealed that the hydroamination reaction of a vinyl‐substituted naphthalenediimide with an aliphatic amine proceeded rapidly under benign conditions. Similarly, the two vinyl groups attached to aromatic diimides reacted with amines simultaneously, resulting in the formation of amine bisadducts and macromolecules. An amino group appended perylenediimide through an ethylene spacer at the π‐core exhibited distinct fluorescence switching in response to acid and base.
Enhancing Robustness of Sortase A by Loop Engineering and Backbone Cyclization
Authors: Zou Zhi , Mate Diana M. , Nöth Maximilian , Jakob Felix , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Ulrich Schwaneberg and co‐workers at RWTH Aachen University and DWI Leibniz‐Institut für Interaktive Materialien. The image depicts a loop engineered, and backbone cyclized Staphylococcus aureus sortase A which shows enhanced robustness in site‐specific protein and peptide modifications. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002740.
A DIY‐LED‐Photometer in STEM‐fields: Basics and application examples from chemical to effect‐related analysis
Authors: Happel Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMit Hilfe von LEDs als quasi monochromatische Strahlungsquellen können auf einfache Weise Photometer selbst aufgebaut werden. Kombiniert mit aktueller Mikroelektronik und Low‐Cost‐Sensoren entstehen Messsysteme, die sich für viele analytische Fragestellungen einsetzen lassen. Im Beitrag werden nach Vorstellung des Photometeraufbaus mögliche Einsatzbereiche anhand mehrerer Methoden aus dem Bereich der chemischen Analytik aufgezeigt. Abschließend wird näher auf einen Hefezellen‐Wachstumshemmtest eingegangen, zu dessen Auswertung photometrische Trübungsmessungen eingesetzt werden. Mit diesem Test lassen sich im didaktischen Bereich gefahrlos toxikologische Untersuchungen durchführen, wobei typische Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Kurven erhalten werden.
Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on right ventricular ejection fraction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Shengwei , Cui Hao , Ji Keshan , Ren Changwei , Guo Hongchang , Zhu Changsheng , Lai Yongqiang , Wang Shuiyun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease associated with worse structural and functional impairment of the heart in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).HypothesisThe presence and severity of OSA can decrease the right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in patients with HOCM.MethodsIn total, 151 consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HOCM at Fuwai Hospital between September 2017 and September 2018 were included. Polysomnography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were performed in all patients.ResultsOverall, 84 (55.6%) patients were diagnosed with OSA. The RVEF significantly decreased with the severity of OSA (none, mild, moderate‐severe: 46.1 ± 8.2 vs 42.9 ± 7.5 vs 41.4 ± 7.4, P = .009). The apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly high in patients with RVEF<40% among the different OSA groups (mild, moderate:7.7 ± 2.4 vs 9.6 ± 2.9, P = .03; 24.4 ± 9.0 vs 36.3 ± 18.0, P = .01). In the multiple linear regression model, the right ventricular end‐systolic volume (β = −0.28, P < .001), AHI (β = −0.09, P = .02), and oxygen desaturation index (β = −0.11, P = .04) were independently associated with a decrease in RVEF (adjusted R2 = 0.347, P < .001). Furthermore, the prevalence of RVEF<40% was high in patients with OSA. Compared with RVEF>40%, RVEF<40% was associated with more symptoms, mainly chest pain, chest distress, NYHA class III or IV, pulmonary hypertension, and moderate or severe mitral regurgitation.ConclusionIn patients with HOCM, the presence and severity of OSA is independently associated with a lower RVEF. In addition, compared with patients with RVEF>40%, those with RVEF<40% had more symptoms, including chest pain, chest distress, and NYHA class III or IV.
Radiosynthesis and Preclinical Investigation of 11C‐Labelled 3‐(4,5‐Diphenyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)propanal Oxime ([11C]SZV 1287)
Authors: Forgács Viktória , Németh Enikő , Gyuricza Barbara , Kis Adrienn , Szabó Judit P. , Mikecz Pál , Mátyus Péter , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Horváth Ádám István , Kálai Tamás , Trencsényi György , Fekete Anikó , Szikra Dezső 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe radiosynthesis, as well as the in vivo and ex vivo biodistribution of the 11C radiolabelled 3‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1,3‐oxazol‐2‐yl)propanal oxime (6, [11C]SZV 1287) are reported. SZV 1287 is a novel semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) inhibitor and a promising candidate to be a novel analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Its radiolabelling was developed via a four‐step radiosynthesis which started from the reaction of a Grignard reagent with [11C]CO2 to produce [11C]oxaprozin (3). In the next step this carboxylic acid 3 was directly reduced to yield the corresponding aldehyde, which was then converted into the oxime. [11C]SZV 1287 was administered to male NMRI mice. The animals were examined with dynamic PET/MR imaging for 90 minutes. Biodistribution studies were performed at 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes post injection. The accumulation of the labelled compound was observed in the brain of the animals. The main excretion pathway was found to be through the liver and intestines. These studies provide preliminary information for pharmacokinetic characterization of the SZV 1287.
Cytologic features of undifferentiated and dedifferentiated carcinomas of the endometrium
Authors: Akbari Amir‐Hossein , Wang Lu , Soslow Robert A. , Murali Rajmohan 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundUndifferentiated carcinoma (UC) is a rare, aggressive subtype of endometrial carcinoma. Dedifferentiated carcinomas (DCs) are UCs associated with a component of well differentiated endometrioid carcinoma. The authors sought to describe the morphologic features of UCs and DCs in cytologic specimens.MethodsCytologic specimens from 23 women (aged 46‐86 years; median age, 59 years) were reviewed, including cervicovaginal specimens (n = 7), peritoneal washings (n = 5), touch preparations of core biopsies from various sites (n = 5), fine‐needle biopsies of lymph nodes (n = 3), ascitic fluid (n = 1), pleural fluid (n = 1), and intrauterine fluid (n = 1).ResultsThere were 10 UCs (43%) and 13 DCs (57%). Tumor cells were arranged as single cells (9 UCs, 90%; 12 DCs, 92%) and 3‐dimensional groups (8 UCs, 80%; 11 DCs, 85%). Most cases showed high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratios. Nuclear molding was observed in 3 UCs (30%) and in 5 DCs (38%). Nuclear chromatin was often coarsely granular 6 UCs, 60%; 9 DCs, 69%). Nucleoli were inconspicuous in some cases (6 UCs, 60%; 8 DCs, 62%) but were appreciable in others. Necrosis was observed in 5 UCs (50%) and in 5 DCs (38%). Most cases exhibited clean backgrounds, and a few showed acute inflammation. Comparison of the cytologic features of UCs and DCs did not reveal any statistically significant differences.ConclusionsUCs and DCs have a spectrum of cytomorphologic appearances that are not pathognomonic, but the presence of some of these (relatively uniform population of predominantly singly dispersed cells with high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratios and variably conspicuous nucleoli) should prompt consideration of UC and DC in the differential diagnosis.
Cyclization Dynamics and Competitive Processes of Photochromic Perfluorocyclopentene Dithienylethylene in Solution
Authors: Hamdi Ismail , Buntinx Guy , Tiwari Amit Kumar , Delbaere Stéphanie , Takeshita Michinori , Aloïse Stéphane 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTime‐resolved absorption spectroscopy measurements were performed to study the dynamics of photochromic 1,2‐Bis(2,4‐dimethylthiophene‐3‐yl)perfluoro‐cyclopentene (DMTPF) in chloroform, including antiparallel conformer ring‐closure reaction and parallel conformer photophysics. All characteristic times are given, discussed and compared to a previous publication concerning the close molecule substituted with phenyl rings. (Hamdi et al., PCCP, 2016). Apart from the expected photocyclization process, condensed ring by‐product formation is observed and hypotheses concerning the origin of this by‐product are presented.