bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
At the Juncture of Administrative Evil and Administrative Racism: The Obstacles and Opportunities for Public Administrators in the United States to Uphold Civil Rights in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Williams Brian N. , Duckett Brendin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe use a case‐study approach to examine the obstacles and opportunities for public administrators who seek to uphold the civil and human rights of residents in the United States during the twenty‐first century. In particular, our analysis of two cases—one historical and the other contemporary—reveals what occurs at the juncture of administrative evil and administrative racism, where politicians, policymakers, and those who implement policies engage in intentional and functional acts that harm marginalized populations. These actions, which discriminate against and oppress people and communities of color, are antithetical to the core ideals of American democracy and the central tenet of contemporary public administration: social equity. We conclude by offering practical and pedagogical prescriptions to strengthen social equity for all members of the American public in the hope of achieving Martin Luther King's dream of a Beloved Community.
The continued effort sharing approach in EU climate law: Binding targets, challenging enforcement?
Authors: Peeters Marjan , Athanasiadou Natassa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the Effort Sharing Regulation, Member States are challenged to steer their societies – particularly the agriculture, buildings, waste and transport sectors – towards lower greenhouse gas emissions. The Effort Sharing Regulation illustrates the large extent to which the European Union (EU) relies on the use of hard law for addressing climate change, including binding enforcement provisions. The approach of the Effort Sharing Regulation is, in essence, simple: it consists of individual binding emission reduction targets for Member States, which are given various options to achieve compliance in a supposedly flexible, cost‐effective way. In this sense, the effort sharing approach is a continuation of the regulatory approach put forward by the Kyoto Protocol. The Effort Sharing Regulation can also serve as an example for third countries to adopt binding emission reduction targets, and it can be considered whether it would be beneficial to link such binding targets of third countries with this EU mechanism. However, a closer look at the Regulation highlights the challenges for its implementation, and the correct use of flexibilities, together with the proper application of the monitoring and enforcement provisions will be key for a successful outcome. The reputation of the EU taking leadership for combating climate change hinges on demonstrating compliance and on taking effective enforcement action where needed.
Imaging reveals distinct textures at three infant skin sites and reflects skin barrier status
Authors: O Visscher Marty , Narendran Vivek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors including increased skin hydration, irritant exposure, and increased skin pH. We examined diaper dermatitis vs within diaper and non‐diaper controls over time and characterized the association of skin color and texture relative to skin barrier integrity, hydration, and pH.Materials and MethodsThe prospective study included 46 infants with DD at well‐child visits. Skin integrity was evaluated over 15 days, including visual skin condition, rate of stratum corneum transepidermal water accumulation, hydration, pH, and skin color and texture from high‐resolution digital skin surface images. Effects by site and time were evaluated with general linear models.ResultsSix distinct texture patterns were observed. All three sites differed significantly for texture class frequency. Normal dermatoglyphics were more frequent for non‐diaper vs both within diaper and rash sites. Dermatoglyphics with marked furrows or lines (class 3) were common within diaper vs rash but not for non‐diaper vs within diaper. Streaks were highest for DD and lowest for non‐diaper. Flat regions were more frequent DD. Barrier integrity, that is, moisture accumulation rate, was lower for normal dermatoglyphics than streaks or flat texture. DD severity decreased over 15 days. Barrier properties of within diaper and non‐diaper areas were not well‐differentiated.ConclusionThe incidence of streak texture in the within diaper high magnification images was high despite being visually normal. This finding suggests that it is an “early indicator” of skin damage and may be clinically useful for early detection and treatment.
Real‐time skin chromophore estimation from hyperspectral images using a neural network
Authors: Gevaux Lou , Gierschendorf Jordan , Rengot Juliette , Cherel Marie , Séroul Pierre , Nkengne Alex , Robic Julie , Trémeau Alain , Hébert Mathieu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperspectral imaging for in vivo human skin study has shown great potential by providing non‐invasive measurement from which information usually invisible to the human eye can be revealed. In particular, maps of skin parameters including oxygen rate, blood volume fraction, and melanin concentration can be estimated from a hyperspectral image by using an optical model and an optimization algorithm. These applications, relying on hyperspectral images acquired with a high‐resolution camera especially dedicated to skin measurement, have yielded promising results. However, the data analysis process is relatively expensive in terms of computation cost, with calculation of full‐face skin property maps requiring up to 5 hours for 3‐megapixels hyperspectral images. Such a computation time prevents punctual previewing and quality assessment of the maps immediately after acquisition.MethodsTo address this issue, we have implemented a neural network that models the optimization‐based analysis algorithm. This neural network has been trained on a set of hyperspectral images, acquired from 204 patients and their corresponding skin parameter maps, which were calculated by optimization.ResultsThe neural network is able to generate skin parameter maps that are visually very faithful to the reference maps much more quickly than the optimization‐based algorithm, with computation times as short as 2 seconds for a 3‐megapixel image representing a full face and 0.5 seconds for a 1‐megapixel image representing a smaller area of skin. The average deviation calculated on selected areas shows the network's promising generalization ability, even on wide‐field full‐face images.ConclusionCurrently, the network is adequate for preview purposes, providing relatively accurate results in a few seconds.
Prognostic factors for local recurrence and survival and impact of local treatments on survival in lacrimal gland carcinoma
Authors: Ford Joshua Richard , Rubin Maria Laura , Frank Steven Jay , Ning Jing , Debnam James Matthew , Bell Diana , El-Naggar Adel , Ferrarotto Renata , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: July 2020

Background/aimsTo identify prognostic factors for local recurrence, distant metastasis and disease-specific survival (DSS) for lacrimal gland carcinoma.MethodsAll consecutive patients with lacrimal gland carcinoma treated from January 1998 through December 2018 were included. Log-rank tests and univariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to study risk factors and survival.ResultsOverall, 55 patients were included in this study, and 5 patients were excluded from the survival analysis. Median age was 46 years (range: 10–76). 43 patients (78%) had adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). 31 patients (56%) had T2 disease at presentation. 28 patients (51%) underwent orbital exenteration with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiation, 26 (47%) underwent eye-sparing surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiation, and 1 received palliative chemoradiation. 11 patients (22%) experienced local recurrence; 14 (29%) experienced distant metastasis. Five- and 10-year local-recurrence-free survival rates were 0.71 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.88), and 5- and 10-year distant-metastasis-free survival rates were 0.67 (95% CI 0.53 to 0.85) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.81), respectively. There was no significant difference in risks of local recurrence, distant metastasis or DSS between ACC patients who had orbital exenteration and those who had eye-sparing surgery. Perineural invasion was negatively associated with local-recurrence-free survival (p=0.02). Among patients with ACC, basaloid/solid histologic type was associated with significantly worse DSS than non-basaloid/solid histologic type (p<0.01).ConclusionsFor lacrimal gland carcinoma, orbital exenteration with adjuvant therapy and eye-sparing surgery with adjuvant therapy are associated with similar recurrence outcomes. Eye-sparing surgery is associated with better DSS. Perineural invasion is a risk factor for local recurrence. ACC with basaloid/solid subtype correlates with worse DSS.
Associations between social network properties and metabolic syndrome and the mediating effect of physical activity: findings from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort
Authors: Kim Kwanghyun , Jung Sun Jae , Baek Jong Min , Yim Hyeon Woo , Jeong Hyunsuk , Kim Dae Jung , Park Sungha , Youm Yoosik , Kim Hyeon Chang 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSocial isolation and loneliness are positively associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanisms by which social isolation affects metabolic syndrome are not well understood.Research design and methodsThis study was designed as a cross-sectional study of baseline results from the Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) Cohort. We included 10 103 participants (8097 community-based low-risk participants, 2006 hospital-based high-risk participants) from the CMERC Cohort. Participants aged 65 years or older were excluded. Multiple imputation by chained equations was applied to impute missing variables. The quantitative properties of social networks were assessed by measuring the ‘size of social networks’; qualitative properties were assessed by measuring the ‘social network closeness’. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess association between social network properties and metabolic syndrome. The mediating effects of physical inactiveness, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms were estimated. Age-specific effect sizes were estimated for each subgroup.ResultsA smaller social network was positively associated with higher prevalences of metabolic syndrome in all subgroups, except the high-risk male subgroup. There was no clear association between social network closeness and metabolic syndrome. In community-based participants, an indirect effect through physical activity was detected in both sexes; however, in hospital-based participants, no indirect effects were detected. Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and depression did not mediate the association. Age-specific estimates showed that the indirect effect through physical activity had a greater impact in older participants.ConclusionsA smaller social network is positively associated with metabolic syndrome. This trend could be partially explained by physical inactivity, especially in older individuals.
Interrogating the immune-modulating roles of radiation therapy for a rational combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in treating pancreatic cancer
Authors: Fujiwara Kenji , Saung May Tun , Jing Hao , Herbst Brian , Zarecki MacKenzie , Muth Stephen , Wu Annie , Bigelow Elaine , Chen Linda , Li Keyu , Jurcak Neolle , Blair Alex B , Ding Ding , Wichroski Michael , Blum Jordan , Cheadle Nathan , Koenitzer Jennifer , Zheng Lei 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) has the potential to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors, which has dramatically altered the landscape of treatments for many cancers, but not yet for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our prior studies demonstrated that PD ligand-1 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) were induced on tumor epithelia of PDACs following neoadjuvant therapy including RT, suggesting RT may prime PDAC for PD-1 blockade antibody (αPD-1) or IDO1 inhibitor (IDO1i) treatments. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of the combination therapies with radiation and PD-1 blockade or IDO1 inhibition or both.MethodsWe developed and used a mouse syngeneic orthotopic model of PDAC suitable for hypofractionated RT experiments.ResultsThe combination therapy of αPD-1 and RT improved survival. The dual combination of RT/IDO1i and triple combination of RT/αPD-1/IDO1i did not improve survival compared with RT/αPD-1, although all of these combinations offer similar local tumor control. RT/αPD-1 appeared to result in the best systemic interferon-γ response compared with other treatment groups and the highest local expression of immune-activation genes, includingCd28andIcos.ConclusionOur RT model allows examining the immune-modulatory effects of RT alone and in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in the pancreas/local microenvironment. This study highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate immune-modulatory agents to be combined with RT to tip the balance toward antitumor adaptive immune responses.
Nondecoupling in multi-Higgs doublet models
Authors: Faro Francisco , Romão Jorge C. , Silva João P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe consider models with any number of Higgs doublets and study the conditions for decoupling. We show that, under very general circumstances, all the quadratic coefficients of the scalar potential must be present, except in special cases, which include terms related to directions of vanishing vacuum expectation values. We give a few examples. Moreover, we show that the decoupling of all charged scalars implies the decoupling of all extra neutral scalars and vanishing $$\mathcal {CP}$$CP violation in scalar-pseudoscalar mixing.
FTO Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Temozolomide by Targeting MYC-miR-155/23a Cluster-MXI1 Feedback Circuit in Glioma
Authors: Xiao Li , Li Xiaodi , Mu Zekun , Zhou Jianwen , Zhou Peng , Xie Chen , Jiang Songshan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Malignant glioma constitutes one of the fatal primary brain tumors in adults. Such poor prognosis calls for a better understanding of cancer-related signaling pathways of this disease. Here we elucidate a MYC-miRNA-MXI1 feedback loop that regulates proliferation and tumorigenesis in glioma. MYC suppressed MXI1 expression via microRNA-155 (miR-155) and the microRNA-23a∼27a∼24-2 cluster (miR-23a cluster), whereas MXI1, in turn, inhibited MYC expression by binding to its promoter. Overexpression of miR-155 and the miR-23a cluster promoted tumorigenesis in U87 glioma cells. Furthermore, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA demethylase, regulated the loop by targeting MYC. The ethyl ester form of meclofenamic acid (MA2) inhibited FTO and enhanced the effect of the chemotherapy drug temozolomide on suppressing proliferation of glioma cells and negatively regulated the loop. These data collectively highlight a key regulatory circuit in glioma and provide potential targets for clinical treatment.

Significance:
These findings elucidate a novel feedback loop that regulates proliferation in glioma and can be targeted via inhibition of FTO to enhance the efficacy of temozolomide.
Effects of robotic intervention associated with conventional therapy on gait speed and resistance and trunk control in stroke patients
Authors: Siegle Cristhina Bonilha Huster , Carvalho Joyce Karoline Friosi de , Utiyama Daniela Mitiyo Odagiri , Matheus Denise , Alfieri Fabio Marcon , Ayres Denise Vianna Machado , Castro Pedro Claudio Gonsales de , Battistella Linamara Rizzo 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To verify the effects of gait and robotic stair training with G-EO System, associated with conventional rehabilitation, on gait speed and endurance and trunk control of stroke participants. Methods: Retrospective study with 28 participants in the chronic phase of the disease. G-EO System was used for gait and stair robotic intervention. 20-session protocol of 20 minutes associated with conventional multidisciplinary therapy. The 10-meter Walk Test (10mWT), 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) tools were used. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant with Wilcoxon test before and after intervention. Results: Significant differences found in the tests. TIS presented initial mean value of 14.29 (± 5.30) and final value of 17.04 (± 4.49), with p = 0.00044. 10mWT presented average initial velocity of 0.498 m/s (± 0.27) and final velocity of 0.597 m/s (± 0.32), p = 0.00008. 6mWT presented mean initial value of 155.89m (± 85.96) and final value of 195.39m (± 109.78), p = 0.00152. Conclusion: Gait and stair robotic therapy, associated with conventional therapy, was effective in promoting increased speed, endurance aptitude for greater gait distances and trunk control in individuals with chronic stroke after stroke.
Outcome of Flow-Gradient Patterns of Aortic Stenosis After Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Salaun Erwan , Clavel Marie-Annick , Hahn Rebecca T. , Jaber Wael A. , Asch Federico M. , Rodriguez Leonardo , Weissman Neil J. , Gertz Zachary M. , Herrmann Howard C. , Dahou Abdellaziz , Annabi Mohamed-Salah , Toubal Oumhani , Bernier Mathieu , Beaudoin Jonathan , Leipsic Jonathon , Blanke Philipp , Ridard Carine , Ong Géraldine , Rodés-Cabau Josep , Webb John G. , Zhang Yiran , Alu Maria C. , Douglas Pamela S. , Makkar Raj , Miller D. Craig , Lindman Brian R. , Thourani Vinod H. , Leon Martin B. , Pibarot Philippe 
Published: July 2020

Background:

Although aortic valve replacement is associated with a major benefit in high-gradient (HG) severe aortic stenosis (AS), the results in low-gradient (LG, mean gradient <40 mm Hg) AS are conflicting. LG severe AS may be subdivided in classical low-flow (left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) and LG (CLF-LG); paradoxical low-flow (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% but stroke volume index <35 mL/m
2
) and LG; and normal-flow (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% and stroke volume index ≥35 mL/m
2
) and LG. The primary objective is to determine in the PARTNER 2 trial (The Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) and registry the outcomes after aortic valve replacement of the 4 flow-gradient groups.

Methods:
A total of 3511 patients from the PARTNER 2 Cohort A randomized trial (n=1910) and SAPIEN 3 registry (n=1601) were included. The flow-gradient pattern was determined at baseline transthoracic echocardiography and classified as follows: (1) HG; (2) CLF-LG; (3) paradoxical low-flow-LG; and (4) normal-flow-LG. The primary end point for this analysis was the composite of (1) death; (2) rehospitalization for heart failure symptoms and valve prosthesis complication; or (3) stroke.

Results:

The distribution was HG, 2229 patients (63.5%); CLF-LG, 689 patients (19.6%); paradoxical low-flow-LG, 247 patients (7.0%); and normal-flow-LG, 346 patients (9.9%). The 2-year rate of primary end point was higher in CLF-LG (38.8%) versus HG: 31.8% (
P
=0.002) and normal-flow-LG: 32.1% (
P
=0.05) but was not statistically different from paradoxical low-flow-LG: 33.6% (
P
=0.18). There was no significant difference in the 2-year rates of clinical events between transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus surgical aortic valve replacement in the whole cohort and within each flow-gradient group.

Conclusions:
The LG AS pattern was highly prevalent (36.5%) in the PARTNER 2 trial and registry. CLF-LG was the most common pattern of LG AS and was associated with higher rates of death, rehospitalization, or stroke at 2 years compared with the HG group. Clinical outcomes were as good in the LG AS groups with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction compared with the HG group.
6. Decency, Health, and Grace Endangered by Quick Dancing?
Authors: Gremlicová Dorota 
Published: July 2020

Through a contemporary newspaper article written about the question of quick dancing, this essay offers a detailed analysis of the text, the authors, their background and the cultural and political climate they represent. In Czech historiography, the period of the 1830s is understood as a time of
social and cultural change. This chapter explores how the emerging ideas regarding liberty and human rights, and a generally more accepting cultural scene are reflected in the discussion of the Redowa, a dance with Slavic roots and some Mazurka-type characteristics. The study of the reception of the Redowa in the Czech Republic allows a glimpse into the broader social and political context of the time.
Rainfall Kinetic Energy in Denmark: Relationship with Drop Size, Wind Speed, and Rain Rate
Authors: Tilg Anna-Maria , Vejen Flemming , Hasager Charlotte Bay , Nielsen Morten 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRainfall kinetic energy is an important parameter to estimate erosion potential in connection to soil erosion or in the recent years to the erosion of the leading edges of wind turbine blades. Little is known about the seasonal drop size distribution and fall velocity dependence of rainfall kinetic energy as well as its relationship with wind speed. Therefore, 6 years of Thies Laser Precipitation Monitor disdrometer and wind measurements from Voulund, a field site in western Denmark, were analyzed. It was found that the rainfall kinetic energy was highest in summer due to higher drop concentrations and in autumn due to more time with rain. The rainfall kinetic energy peaked for drop diameters between 0.875 and 2.25 mm independent of the season. Rainfall kinetic energy decreased significantly with increasing wind speed, if considering the vertical fall speed of the drops for the calculation of the rainfall kinetic energy. However, it should be noted that the measurement uncertainty increases with increasing wind speed. As disdrometer observations are rarer than rain rate observations, the performance of empirical equations describing the relationship between rainfall kinetic energy rate and rain rate was investigated. It was found that an equation trained with an alternative method fulfilled the statistical requirements for linear regression and had a similar error compared to equations in the literature. Based on the analyses, it can be concluded that the erosion potential due to rainfall kinetic energy is highest between June and November at low wind speeds and high rain rates.