bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling a Ni/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode deposited by confined magnetic-field-based sputtering
Authors: Labed Madani , Sengouga Nouredine , Labed Mohamed , Meftah Afak , Kyoung Sinsu , Kim Hojoong , Rim You Seung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this work, a detailed numerical simulation is carried out to model the current–voltage characteristics of a nickel/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode at different temperatures. These SBDs are produced using confined magnetic-field-based sputtering to deposit the nickel (Ni) Schottky contact of the diode. This method reduces the thickness of the defect area created by plasma and argon bombardment, and consequently, the electrical characteristics are less affected by temperature changes or annealing (i.e. the device is more stable). During annealing, Ni diffuses into β-Ga2O3. A model for this diffusion is proposed in this work, in which Ni diffusion reduces the defects produced by plasma and argon bombardment by filling the Ga vacancy. Furthermore, Ni diffusion produces a new interfacial compound, namely

(N

i

x

G

a

1
−

x

)
2

O

3

at the interface between the Ni and the β-Ga2O3. This new compound layer has different properties than those of β-Ga2O3, in particular, those of the bandgap and the affinity. Finally, the temperature-dependent current-density–voltage (J–V) characteristics are simulated, taking the proposed model into account. A good agreement with measured values is achieved, especially at low forward voltages, which demonstrates the soundness of the proposed model.
Boosting the lithium and sodium storage performance of graphene-based composite via pore engineering and surface protection
Authors: Wu Hefeng , Gan Yanmei , Yao Qianqian , Wang Luyuan Paul , Wang Chaoying , Zhang Qixin , Hou Kun , Zhao Yi , Guan Lunhui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Transition metal oxides with high theoretical capacities are widely investigated as potential anodes for alkali-metal ion batteries. However, the intrinsic conductivity deficiency and large volume changes during cycles result in poor cycling stability and low rate capabilities. Graphene has been widely used to support metal oxide for enhanced performance, but the cycling life is limited by the aggregation/collapse of active materials on graphene surface. Herein, we significantly improve the battery performance of graphene-metal oxide composite via pore engineering and surface protection. In this architecture, the mesoporous NiFe2O4 is designed for fast ion diffusion and volume accommodation, and the outer graphene protection can further enhance the electrical conductivity and prevent the aggregation during cycle. Thus, as-prepared G@p-NiFe2O4@G composite for lithium storage delivers high capacity (1244 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g−1), excellent rate performance (563 mA h g−1 at 4 A g−1), and outstanding cycling life up to 1200 cycles at 1.5 A g−1. For sodium storage, it also displays good cycling stability and superior rate performance. Moreover, the effects of various microstructures on the battery performance, the reaction kinetics of various electrodes, and the reaction mechanism of NiFe2O4 have been systematically investigated in this work.
Multi-task autoencoder based classification-regression model for patient-specific VMAT QA
Authors: Wang Le , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Shuming , Zhang Xile , Zhang Qilin , Chan Maria F , Yang Ruijie , Sui Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) to assure accurate treatment delivery is resource-intensive and time-consuming. Recently, machine learning has been increasingly investigated in PSQA results prediction. However, the classification performance of models at different criteria needs further improvement and clinical validation (CV), especially for predicting plans with low gamma passing rates (GPRs). In this study, we developed and validated a novel multi-task model called autoencoder based classification-regression (ACLR) for VMAT PSQA. The classification and regression were integrated into one model, both parts were trained alternatively while minimizing a defined loss function. The classification was used as an intermediate result to improve the regression accuracy. Different tasks of GPRs prediction and classification based on different criteria were trained simultaneously. Balanced sampling techniques were used to improve the prediction accuracy and classification sensitivity for the unbalanced VMAT plans. Fifty-four metrics were selected as inputs to describe the plan modulation-complexity and delivery-characteristics, while the outputs were PSQA GPRs. A total of 426 clinically delivered VMAT plans were used for technical validation (TV), and another 150 VMAT plans were used for CV to evaluate the generalization performance of the model. The ACLR performance was compared with the Poisson Lasso (PL) model and found significant improvement in prediction accuracy. In TV, the absolute prediction error (APE) of ACLR was 1.76%, 2.60%, and 4.66% at 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm, respectively; whereas the APE of PL was 2.10%, 3.04%, and 5.29% at 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 2%/2 mm, respectively. No significant difference was found between CV and TV in prediction accuracy. ACLR model set with 3%/3 mm can achieve 100% sensitivity and 83% specificity. The ACLR model could classify the unbalanced VMAT QA results accurately, and it can be readily applied in clinical practice for virtual VMAT QA.
Improving the estimation of activation levels in flowing liquids under irradiation and decay
Authors: Pampin Raul , Cau Francesca , Fabbri Marco , Izquierdo Jesus , Portone Alfredo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new methodological approach is proposed to calculate activation levels of flowing liquids under irradiation by coupling CFD analyses with activation physics. It overcomes the limitations of the conventional one, which assumes a simple linear dependency of residence times with flowrate that is only valid in a limited number of fluid-dynamic regimes. The new approach is more generally applicable and, as a consequence, successful in improving the post-analysis of a recent ITER water activation experiment. C/E values which with the conventional approach were very different from unity and showed a clear pattern with flowrate are now close to unity and showing a flat profile. Results are encouraging and suggest that the new approach leads to improved predictive capability for more complex applications in ITER and beyond. It is demonstrated that, under the particular conditions of the above experiment, the conventional approach always leads to under-prediction of activation levels downstream compared to the new one for the case of decay only, whereas it always leads to over-prediction for the case of irradiation and decay. The magnitude of the under- or over-predictions depends intricately on the actual flow patterns, flowrate and nuclide half-life.
Constructing the Industrial Prosperity Index Based on Big Data of Enterprise Electricity
Authors: Wang Jun , Tian Yingjie , Jia Fang , Zhang Shuaishuai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper is mainly based on the big electric power data of 5900 industrial enterprises above designated size in Shanghai. By combining a complex network and a hidden Markov model, the prosperity index of 164 medium-sized industries in Shanghai is constructed. Specifically, we use complex networks to describe the correlation between different industries, in order to mine the upstream and downstream drivers that affect industrial power consumption, and on this basis, consider the external factors that affect power consumption to establish a hidden Markov model that predicts changes in power consumption in the industry. Further, we use the state probability output by the Hidden Markov Model to define the industrial prosperity index, hoping that the index can fully reflect the economic operation of various industries in Shanghai and become a “barometer” and “wind vane” for economic development.
The Economic Load Scheduling Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Chen Rongxuan , Zhao Ning 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the increasing cost of power generation, the economic load dispatching has been paid more and more attention. Considering the environmental temperature as the influencing factor of the economic dispatch of power plant load, it has a stronger adaptability to the working condition than the study that only considers the total load. In this paper, the application of particle swarm optimization in load economic scheduling was introduced. And combined with the actual operation data on two typical units, a comparative analysis was made on the load economic scheduling with and without environmental temperature. It was shown in the analysis results that the unit heat consumption rate decreases with the increase of total load and increases with the increase of temperature when the ambient temperature is taken into account or not. The unit heat consumption rate considering ambient temperature was always lower than that without ambient temperature. And as the temperature drops, the difference got bigger and bigger. The conclusion of the analysis has certain reference significance to the current load economic dispatching of power plants.
EOR Screening and pilot in YCAS Low Permeability Oilfield
Authors: Liu Peng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
According to the reservoir characteristics and fluid characteristics of YCAS oilfield, combined with different EOR Process Screening, a method for enhancing oil recovery was selected for this oil field, and the polymer flooding parameters were optimized using numerical simulation software. The pilot test of the oil field shows that polymer flooding can greatly improve the oil recovery rate, which provides a reference for the efficient development of oil fields.
Effect of Low Temperatures on Battery Recharge and Discharge Voltage
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Liu Jun , Xia Defu , Fu Yanling , Zhu Yusong , Hu Bin , Tao Ziqiang , Xiao Haiqing , Deng Shuang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
At a low temperature, due to its use of an organic electrolyte system, and its active substances having a poor electric conductivity as well, a lithium-ion battery will deliver a relatively poor performance at a low temperature, usually showing the symptoms of the common problem that individual batteries are consistent with each other better at a normal temperature, but showing a big difference in electric performance at a low temperature. Moreover, because of the effect of processing and fabricating techniques, the inconsistency among individual batteries in internal resistance also arises at a low temperature, which cannot be effectively detected at a normal temperature. Therefore, this article has studied the effect of low temperatures on battery recharge and discharge voltages. The results indicate that, with the decrease in temperature, batteries deliver a poor performance on discharge, the discharge curve shows an obviously downward trend, both average discharge voltage and discharge capacity fall somewhat, discharge capacity decreases remarkably, therefore the performance of batteries as a whole decreases faster, and batteries are noticeably less active.
Research on ZPW-2000A Track Circuit State Diagnosis Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Zang Haoyue , Wang Ruifeng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For ZPW-2000A the traditional maintenance mode of uninsulated track circuit has some problems such as low efficiency and poor timeliness. This paper analyzes various index parameters that affect the running state of track circuit. Due to the influence of various random uncertain factors, such as the bad operation environment of track circuit equipment, the complex composition of equipment and the variety of fault causes, then the set pair analysis theory is introduced and the influence index is quantified by using the connection number. The degree of uncertainty is represented in mathematical form, and the expression of connection number between index and operation state is described systematically. The comprehensive and accurate state evaluation of track circuit is realized. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Research on Liquid Cooling Technology and its Application in Wireless Charging
Authors: Liu Baojun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the increasing thermal density and the limited installation space of wireless charging device, there are higher requirements for the external dimension and heat dissipation performance of wireless charging device. In order to improve the cooling efficiency of wireless charging device, combined with the disadvantages of traditional wireless charging device and air-cooled wireless charging device, the positive influence and Prospect of liquid cooling technology in wireless charging device are studied.
Present Statue and Development Trend of full-Scale Simulator for Drilling and Producing
Authors: Lv Zhenhu , Wei Yafang , Xiang Yingjie , Liu Jingtian , Chen Lu , Yu Weichu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Because it provides favorite ancillary support in terms of technology research and tools test, full-scale simulator for Drilling and Producing is still the focus for overseas researches. The test capability for full-scale simulator represents the level of development for national petroleum exploration and development. That the increasing efforts on unconventional oil & gas and deep water exploration brings new challenges to theory and technology for oil-gas exploration, so the full-scale simulator provides an intermediate bridge for theory and technology innovation. Following the tracks of the development of full-scale simulator, the overseas and domestic classify and development of full-scale simulator was analyzed, and identifying the main technical bottlenecks faced during it establish. This paper describes the development of key technologies for wellhead loading system, wellbore simulation technology and test monitoring system. On this basis, the research prospect for the full-scale simulator was forecasted.
Application of Intelligent Technology in Cold Storage Control System
Authors: Guo Changbao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
With the development of my country’s economy, the application of intelligent technology of cold storage control system is more and more popular. The application of intelligent technology in the cold storage control system is conducive to the optimized operation of the cold storage. Not only can it reduce energy consumption, energy saving and environmental protection, but also has networked and humanized management in control management. Therefore, the cold storage control technology has developed rapidly. This paper analyzes the application of the current cold storage control system, and focuses on the application and development of the main intelligent technologies in the cold storage control system.
Application of Gas Lift Technology in High-deviated Well in NanPu Oilfield
Authors: Yin Qingguo , Jiang Xiaobo , Zhang Xiaochun , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Qiuyue , Feng Rendong , Wang Zhensong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
At present, the gas lift production technology used in conventional vertical Wells is basically maturing, but its adaptability of application is poor in high-deviated wells. The paper mainly aims at the technique challenges of gas lift production applied in high-deviated well, and the researches on some aspects such as the design optimization of gas lift, the mechanics analysis of downhole strings, the optimization of completion strings, and the research and development of completion tools and wire dropping& fishing tools. Finally, a set of gas lift production technology suitable for the application of high-deviated wells has been formed. This technology has been applied in 93 high-deviated wells in Nanpu 1-3 artificial island of Jidong oilfield with the design of gas lift coincidence rate 92%, string success rate 97% and success rate of gas lift put into production 100%. And gas lift production has been successfully realized in high-deviated and horizontal well in China.
Development of Ancillary Services in the Electricity Market of China and its Joint Market Optimization Model
Authors: Tang Chenghui , Qu Haoyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
As an important part of power system, ancillary services have been widely developed. This paper introduces the ancillary service and its marketization trend in China. Considering the rapid development of China’s renewable energy, an optimization model for the joint optimization model of the ancillary service market and the energy market is established in this paper. The proposed model can effectively consider the electricity market with high penetration of renewable energy and is suitable for the future development of China’s electricity market.
Theoretical and Experimental Study on Nonlinear Flow Starting Pressure Gradient in Low Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhao Tiany 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In order to reveal the seepage characteristics of low permeability fluid in reservoir pores, the seepage mathematical equation of low permeability reservoir is derived based on the mechanical equilibrium equation. The characteristics and rules of oil and water seepage flow in low permeability reservoir are studied. The seepage process and starting mechanism are deeply analyzed. The starting pressure gradient is derived from its yield stress and surface force, and the boundary layer intensifies the nonlinear degree of seepage. In the actual reservoir development, the nonlinear characteristics of seepage should be fully grasped. The results show that the starting pressure is related to permeability and other physical properties such as viscosity and porosity.
Study on the Characteristics of UHV Negative Lightning Discharge in Tower-line Air Gap
Authors: Liao Zhenyu , Wang Haiyue , Yue Yishi , Zou Yanhui , Chao Yafeng , Wang Cheng 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Research on the characteristics of UHV negative lighting discharge process in tower-line air gap is of great significance to the lightning protection of UHV transmission lines. Based on the physical mechanism of negative discharge in long air gap, a simulation model of UHV negative lightning discharge is established. According to the UHV negative discharge model, the relationship between the development speed of the leader, lightning current wave front time, gap length and breakdown voltage in the physical process of lightning development is studied and analyzed. The analysis results discuss the influence of the development speed of the positive and negative polarity leader on the simulation calculation, and the relationship between wavefront time, gap length and breakdown voltage is obtained through fitting.
Optimal Load Distribution of Power Plants Based on Linear Programming Method and Equal Micro-increment Method
Authors: Zhao Ning , Chen Ya-Mi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Optimal load distribution was an important way for power generation enterprises to save energy, reduce consumption and improve market competitiveness. At present, a lot of relevant studies had been carried out and many schemes have been put forward. In this paper, the application of equal micro-increment method and linear programming method in load optimization distribution was introduced. The results showed that the general trend of the two distribution methods was that the heat consumption rate of the steam turbine decreases with the increase of the load, and the change rate of the heat consumption of the steam turbine decreases gradually. At the lowest load, the difference between the two methods was the smallest. At 55% load, the difference of steam turbine heat consumption rate was the largest. Between 55% load and rated load, the difference between the steam turbine’s heat consumption rates was gradually reduced. The analysis conclusion had certain reference value to the current energy saving optimal scheduling.
An Analysis on Intelligence Innovation with Spirit of Artisans Under Ubiquitous Network in Grid Enterprises
Authors: Ni Hui-Jun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the relationship of spirit of artisans and intelligence Innovation. The survey shows that Intelligence Innovation has great contribution to organizational performance in an intelligent era. The survey from local state grid corporations shows that the interaction between the Artisan spirit and refinement process innovation under Ubiquitous Network in Grid Enterprises and organizational psychological empowerment acts as a significant moderator. This research provides useful tools for organizational intelligence innovation through the exertion of enterprise’ craftsmen examples.
Research on Speed Sensorless Control of Induction Motor Based on Back EMF
Authors: Hu Dan , Deng Xin , Zhu Wenbai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article mainly uses the reduced-order model of induction motor (IM) to study the speed identification. Since the traditional voltage model (VM) and current model (CM) each have certain limitations, a general reduced-order model obtained by combining VM and CM is proposed for flux observation. This method is more conducive to analyzing system stability and determining gain, so that the entire induction motor vector control system reaches complete stability. In addition, for the full-order observer, according to the rapidity of current convergence, the back EMF can also be used to convert the full-order observer into an equivalent reduced-order observer. In this way, state feedback matrix can be avoided, which can greatly reduce the complexity of calculation and be more convenient to analyzing the stability of the system. Through the simulation of this novel back EMF reduced-order model, the feasibility of the system can be verified.
Study on the discrete analysis method of the factors affecting typical faults of Intelligent Electricity Meter
Authors: Shang Huaiying , Liu Yan , Zheng Angang , Qi Zhang , Xu Yongjin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Intelligent electricity meter represents the development direction of intelligent terminal of energy-saving smart grid end-user in the future. Intelligent electricity meters are widely used in the field, and the development momentum is rapid. In the future, the market demand is more vigorous, and the competition is increasingly fierce. However, in the practical application of electricity meters, faults may occur due to the influence of production enterprises, key components, research and development schemes, quality regulations, age of meters and other factors, even exposed batch quality problems, resulting in measurement disputes and customer complaints. In view of providing power companies and production enterprises with high batch early-warning for intelligent electricity meters to avoid economic losses caused by large-scale failures, based on the statistics of the whole life cycle data of 10 intelligent watt-hour meter manufacturers, this paper analyzes the typical fault types of intelligent watt-hour meter in detail, and obtains the analysis samples and dimensions of the main influencing factors. Based on the analysis method of standard deviation index, the multi-dimensional fault discrete analysis is carried out on the analysis samples, the dimension with the highest dispersion coefficient of fault is mined layer by layer until the smallest element is analyzed, and finally the main influencing factors of fault are obtained. The analysis results are basically consistent with the actual market performance of the production enterprise, which proves the rationality and scientific nature of the set of calculation indexes and discrete analysis method.