bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Liver Localization of Lipopolysaccharides in Human and Experimental NAFLD
Authors: Carpino Guido , Del Ben Maria , Pastori Daniele , Carnevale Roberto , Baratta Francesco , Overi Diletta , Francis Heather , Cardinale Vincenzo , Onori Paolo , Safarikia Samira , Cammisotto Vittoria , Alvaro Domenico , Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca , Angelico Francesco , Gaudio Eugenio , Violi Francesco 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its relationship with liver inflammation is not defined.

Approach and Results
We studied Escherichia coli LPS in patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD, 25 simple steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver) and 25 nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and in mice with diet‐induced NASH. NASH patients had higher serum LPS and hepatocytes LPS localization than controls, which was correlated with serum zonulin and phosphorylated nuclear factor‐κB expression. Toll‐like receptor 4 positive (TLR4+) macrophages were higher in NASH than simple steatosis or controls and correlated with serum LPS. NASH biopsies showed a higher CD61+ platelets, and most of them were TLR4+. TLR4+ platelets correlated with serum LPS values. In mice with NASH, LPS serum levels and LPS hepatocyte localization were increased compared with control mice and associated with nuclear factor‐κB activation. Mice on aspirin developed lower fibrosis and extent compared with untreated ones. Treatment with TLR4 inhibitor resulted in lower liver inflammation in mice with NASH.

Conclusions
In NAFLD, Escherichia coli LPS may increase liver damage by inducing macrophage and platelet activation through the TLR4 pathway.
Associations Between Prediagnostic Concentrations of Circulating Sex Steroid Hormones and Liver Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , Florio Andrea A. , Zhang Xuehong , Zeleniuch‐Jacquotte Anne , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Simon Tracey G. , Sinha Rashmi , Sesso Howard D. , Schairer Catherine , Rosenberg Lynn , Rohan Thomas E. , Purdue Mark P. , Palmer Julie R. , Linet Martha S. , Liao Linda M. , Lee I‐Min , Koshiol Jill , Kitahara Cari M. , Kirsh Victoria A. , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Guillemette Chantal , Graubard Barry I. , Giovannucci Edward , Gaziano J. Michael , Gapster Susan M. , Freedman Neal D. , Engel Lawrence S. , Chong Dawn Q. , Chen Yu , Chan Andrew T. , Caron Patrick , Buring Julie E. , Bradwin Gary , Beane Freeman Laura E. , Campbell Peter T. , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: December 2019

Background and Aims
In almost all countries, incidence rates of liver cancer (LC) are 100%‐200% higher in males than in females. However, this difference is predominantly driven by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which accounts for 75% of LC cases. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) accounts for 12% of cases and has rates only 30% higher in males. Hormones are hypothesized to underlie observed sex differences. We investigated whether prediagnostic circulating hormone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were associated with LC risk, overall and by histology, by leveraging resources from five prospective cohorts.

Approach and Results
Seven sex steroid hormones and SHBG were quantitated using gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, respectively, from baseline serum/plasma samples of 191 postmenopausal female LC cases (HCC, n = 83; ICC, n = 56) and 426 controls, matched on sex, cohort, age, race/ethnicity, and blood collection date. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between a one‐unit increase in log2 hormone value (approximate doubling of circulating concentration) and LC were calculated using multivariable‐adjusted conditional logistic regression. A doubling in the concentration of 4‐androstenedione (4‐dione) was associated with a 50% decreased LC risk (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.30‐0.82), whereas SHBG was associated with a 31% increased risk (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.05‐1.63). Examining histology, a doubling of estradiol was associated with a 40% increased risk of ICC (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.05‐1.89), but not HCC (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.81‐1.54).

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that higher levels of 4‐dione may be associated with lower, and SHBG with higher, LC risk in women. However, this study does not support the hypothesis that higher estrogen levels decrease LC risk. Indeed, estradiol may be associated with an increased ICC risk.
Solution NMR Structural Studies of Glycans
Authors: Freedberg Darón I. , Kwon Jeahoo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this account, we present a summary of our progress in the study of glycan solution conformations by NMR spectroscopy. We begin by comparing the structural biology of glycans to that of proteins. We continue by defining the challenges in solution structural studies of glycans as we see them and show what we have done to help address those challenges. This includes Residual Dipolar Coupling studies and their hurdles, accurate coupling constant measurement in the presence of strong 1H‐1H coupling, direct detection of hydrogen bonds where the NHs, OHs or CHs are the hydrogen bond donors, and on‐cell NMR structural studies. We also suggest some future approaches to glycan structure determination.
Implementation of Building Information modeling in Vietnamese infrastructure construction: A case study of institutional influences on a bridge project
Authors: Bui Nam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMany of today's building designs are created based on three‐dimensional modeling technology. Architects and engineers use so‐called building information modeling (BIM) systems to create digital representations of buildings. Inspired by the improvements in building construction projects, a Vietnamese construction project team decided to use the system to model a large‐scale bridge crossing the Saigon River in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. This paper provides an understanding of how the project team adopted BIM as the first BIM pilot project in Vietnamese infrastructure construction and analyzes the influence of institutional pressures. The findings reveal how the BIM champion of an international engineering consultancy led the project team to overcome challenges posed by local construction requirements and how the local partner adopted BIM technology under strict time and quality constraints. The case study presents an example for other infrastructure projects that involve BIM.
The role of metabolism in the developmental toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon‐containing extracts of petroleum substances
Authors: Kamelia Lenny , de Haan Laura , Spenkelink Bert , Bruyneel Ben , Ketelslegers Hans B. , Boogaard Peter J. , Rietjens Ivonne M.C.M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn vitro assays presently used for prenatal developmental toxicity (PDT) testing only assess the embryotoxic potential of parent substances and not that of potentially embryotoxic metabolites. Here we combined a biotransformation system, using hamster liver microsomes, with the ES‐D3 cell differentiation assay of the embryonic stem cell test (EST) to compare the in vitro PDT potency of two 5‐ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBA), and dimethyl sulfoxide extracts from five PAH‐containing petroleum substances (PS) and a gas‐to‐liquid base oil (GTLb), with and without bioactivation. In the absence of bioactivation, DBA, but not BaP, inhibited the differentiation of ES‐D3 cells into beating cardiomyocytes in a concentration‐dependent manner. Upon bioactivation, BaP induced in vitro PDT, while its major metabolite 3‐hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene was shown to be active in the EST as well. This means BaP needs biotransformation to exert its embryotoxic effects. GTLb extracts tested negative in the EST, with and without bioactivation. The PS‐induced PDT in the EST was not substantially changed following bioactivation, implying that metabolism may not play a crucial role for the PS extracts under study to exert the in vitro PDT effects. Altogether, these results indicate that although some PAH require bioactivation to induce PDT, some do not and this latter appears to hold for the (majority of) the PS constituents responsible for the in vitro PDT of these complex substances.
Developing a self‐organized tubulogenesis model of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Guo Chengchen , Chen Ying , Tozzi Lorenzo , Szymkowiak Sophia , Li Chunmei , Kaplan David L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional tissue culture models which recapitulate the phenotype and function of human renal tissue have attracted significant interest as valuable tools for studying kidney development, disease pathophysiology, and nephrotoxicity. Here, a layer‐by‐layered three‐dimensional (3D) co‐culture technique was employed to bioengineer an improved human proximal tubule tissue model through incorporating human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) with two types of interstitial cells on the layered extracellular matrix‐like culture matrix. The resulting cultures were characterized by their growth profile, metabolic and proliferative activity, morphological characteristics as well as their functional gene expression. Our results found that the cultures were able to enable the self‐organization of RPTECs and promote the tubule‐like structure formation in vitro. A well‐defined lumen structure and polarized expression of some key protein markers including actin, P‐gp, Na+‐K+‐ATPase, and SGLT2 were also observed in the 3D co‐cultures. Moreover, compared to the 3D monocultures, the tubule‐like structures formed within the 3D co‐cultures displayed more significant polarity and enhanced functional gene expression. This suggested the important role played by the renal stromal cells in supporting the tubulogenesis and differentiation of RPTECs. Thus, the 3D co‐culture model reported here would benefit bioengineering approaches toward more physiologically relevant proximal tubule tissue in vitro, providing more robust tool not only for better understanding kidney development and pathophysiology but also for drug screening for nephrotoxicity.
Geometric groups of second order and related combinatorial structures
Authors: Woldar Andrew 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn 1977, D. Betten defined a geometric group to be a permutation group such that for some hypergraph on . In this paper, we extend Betten's notion of a geometric group to what we call a geometric group of second order. By definition, this is a permutation group for which for some set of hypergraphs on . Our main focus will be on permutation groups that are geometric of second order but not geometric. Within this small class of groups one finds the projective groups and the affine groups . Our investigations, which are based primarily on these four groups, lead us to consider some familiar combinatorial structures (eg, Fano plane and affine design) in a less familiar context (overlarge sets of Steiner systems).
Inhibiting the aberrant activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by selenium supplementation ameliorates deoxynivalenol‐induced toxicity and catabolism in chondrocytes
Authors: Wang Xiaoqing , Jin Zhankui , Chen Ming , Duan Dapeng , Lammi Mikko J. , Guo Xiong , Chang Yanhai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKashin–Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarticular disorder associated with physical disability and a heavy economic burden. Contamination by mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and selenium deficiency have been proposed to be key etiological factors for KBD, and can work together to aggravate the progression of KBD. Nevertheless, the mechanism of DON in KBD remains elusive. In the present study, exposure to DON dose‐dependently suppressed cell viability and expression of pro‐proliferation marker PCNA in human chondrocytes, whereas it enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release, cell apoptosis, and caspase‐3/9 activity. In addition, DON incubation shifted metabolism homeostasis towards catabolism by suppressing the transcription of collagen II and aggrecan, and the production of sulphated glycosaminoglycans and TIMP‐1, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase levels (MMP‐1 and MMP‐13). Mechanistically, DON exposure induced the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Intriguingly, blocking this pathway reversed the adverse effects of DON on cytotoxic damage and metabolism disruption to catabolism. Notably, supplementation with selenium reduced DON‐induced activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Moreover, selenium addition abrogated cytotoxic injury and excessive pro‐catabolic gene expression in chondrocytes upon DON conditions. These findings confirm that DON may facilitate the development of KBD by inducing cell injury, inhibiting matrix synthesis, and increasing cellular catabolism by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, which were partially reversed by selenium supplementation. Thus, the current study may presents a new viewpoint for how selenium supplementation ameliorates the development of KBD by inhibiting DON‐induced cytotoxic injury and metabolism imbalance in chondrocytes.
A review on recent advances in catalytic combustion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds
Authors: Li Chunli , Zhao Yaxin , Song Hui , Li Hao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) with strong stability, poor reactivity and high toxicity in waste gases are emitted into the atmosphere from many industrial operations, which has caused sustained harm to both human health and atmospheric environment. Catalytic combustion is regarded as one of the most effective methods to eliminate CVOCs due to its high removal efficiency, low energy consumption and low production of secondary pollutants. However, the screening of efficient catalysts (i.e. low cost, high activity and durability) still remains challenging. In this review, recent developments on catalytic combustion of CVOCs, including catalysts, reaction condition, catalytic reaction mechanism, deactivation reasons and regeneration methods are summarized. It is emphasized that the active components, structures and supports of catalysts have significant effects on their activity, selectivity, stability and longevity. In addition, it is pointed out that catalyst deactivation is closely related to chlorine poisoning, sintering, carbon deposition and metal active phase leaching. Compared with other catalysts, perovskite‐type composite oxides and spinel‐type composite oxides have shown to be promising materials in the catalytic combustion of CVOCs due to their particular structure and nature (e.g. surface area, redox property and surface acidity). Thereafter, the outlooks on catalytic combustion of CVOCs are also presented in this article based on the studies in the literature, which offer influential information for further research on the treatment technology of CVOCs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile access to some new 3,3′‐bipyrazole‐ester derivatives utilizing bis‐hydrazonoyl chlorides
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Elassar Abdel‐Zaher A. , Al‐Fulaij Othman A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of bis‐hydrazonoyl chlorides with ethyl propiolate and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded diethyl 1,1′‐aryl‐3,3′‐bipyrazole‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate and tetramethyl 1,1′‐diaryl‐3,3′‐bipyrazole‐4,4′,5,5′‐tetracarboxylate esters, respectively. Heating the latter two compounds with a mixture of HCl/AcOH furnished the same product: 3,3′‐bipyrazole‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid. Reaction of the tetracarboxylate ester with aniline derivatives and with hydrazine gave the corresponding bipyrazole‐fused heterocycles. Heating the dicarboxylic acid with 2‐aminothiazole gave the corresponding bis‐amide derivative. The structures of the products were established by elemental analysis, spectral data, and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography.
Pathophysiology and targets for treatment in hereditary galactosemia: A systematic review of animal and cellular models
Authors: Haskovic Minela , Coelho Ana I. , Bierau Jörgen , Vanoevelen Jo M. , Steinbusch Laura K. M. , Zimmermann Luc J. I. , Villamor‐Martinez Eduardo , Berry Gerard T. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince the first description of galactosemia in 1908 and despite decades of research, the pathophysiology is complex and not yet fully elucidated. Galactosemia is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by deficient activity of any of the galactose metabolising enzymes. The current standard of care, a galactose‐restricted diet, fails to prevent long‐term complications. Studies in cellular and animal models in the past decades have led to an enormous progress and advancement of knowledge. Summarising current evidence in the pathophysiology underlying hereditary galactosemia may contribute to the identification of treatment targets for alternative therapies that may successfully prevent long‐term complications. A systematic review of cellular and animal studies reporting on disease complications (clinical signs and/or biochemical findings) and/or treatment targets in hereditary galactosemia was performed. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched, 46 original articles were included. Results revealed that Gal‐1‐P is not the sole pathophysiological agent responsible for the phenotype observed in galactosemia. Other currently described contributing factors include accumulation of galactose metabolites, uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐hexose alterations and subsequent impaired glycosylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, altered signalling pathways, and oxidative stress. galactokinase (GALK) inhibitors, UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) up‐regulation, uridine supplementation, ER stress reducers, antioxidants and pharmacological chaperones have been studied, showing rescue of biochemical and/or clinical symptoms in galactosemia. Promising co‐adjuvant therapies include antioxidant therapy and UGP up‐regulation. This systematic review provides an overview of the scattered information resulting from animal and cellular studies performed in the past decades, summarising the complex pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hereditary galactosemia and providing insights on potential treatment targets.
Longitudinal Model of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in the Rat
Authors: Fan Yingfang , Xiao Yinbo , Sabuhi Wali A. , Leape Charlotte P. , Gil Dmitry , Grindy Scott , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Bedair Hany , Collins Jamie E. , Randolph Mark , Oral Ebru 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTThe majority of periprosthetic joint infections occur shortly after primary joint replacement (<3 months) and require the removal of all implant components for the treatment period (~4 months). A clinically relevant animal model of periprosthetic infection should, therefore, establish an infection with implant components in place. Here, we describe a joint replacement model in the rat with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and titanium components inoculated at the time of surgery by methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is one of the main causative microorganisms of periprosthetic joint infections. We monitored the animals for 4 weeks by measuring gait, weight‐bearing symmetry, von Frey testing, and micro‐CT as our primary endpoint analyses. We also assessed the infection ex vivo using colony counts on the implant surfaces and histology of the surrounding tissues. The results confirmed the presence of a local infection for 4 weeks with osteolysis, loosening of the implants, and clinical infection indicators such as redness, swelling, and increased temperature. The utility of specific gait analysis parameters, especially temporal symmetry, hindlimb duty factor imbalance, and phase dispersion was identified in this model for assessing the longitudinal progression of the infection, and these metrics correlated with weight‐bearing asymmetry. We propose to use this model to study the efficacy of using different local delivery regimens of antimicrobials on addressing periprosthetic joint infections. Statement of clinical significance: We have established a preclinical joint surgery model, in which postoperative recovery can be monitored over a multi‐week course by assessing gait, weight‐bearing, and allodynia. This model can be used to study the efficacy of different combinations of implant materials and medication regimens. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:1101‐1112, 2020
A comparison of endolymphatic shunt surgery and intratympanic gentamicin for meniere's disease
Authors: Gibson Alec W. , Moon Il Joon , Golub Justin S. , Rubinstein Jay T. 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo report audiovestibular outcomes following endolymphatic shunt surgery (ELS) and intratympanic gentamicin injections (ITG) in patients with Meniere's disease (MD).Study DesignRetrospective matched cohort studyMethodsPatients with MD refractory to medical management between 2004 and 2017 were reviewed: 44 patients underwent ELS and had outcomes available, while 27 patients underwent ITG and had outcomes available. Mean follow‐up durations for the ELS and ITG groups were 39.1 and 43.3 months, respectively. Twenty‐six patients from the ELS group and 24 patients from the ITG group were then included in a pretreatment hearing‐ and age‐matched analysis. Main outcome measures were successful control of vertigo, pure‐tone average (PTA; 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz), word recognition score (WRS), and treatment complications.ResultsA matched analysis showed vertigo control rates of 73.1% in the ELS group and 66.8% in the ITG group, which were not significantly different (P = .760). The change in PTA following treatment was statistically similar between the ELS group (6.2 dB) and ITG group (4.6 dB) (P = .521), while the change in WRS for the ELS group (+3.9 %) was significantly more favorable than the ITG group (‐13.6 %) (P = .046). Chronic post‐treatment unsteadiness was reported in 25.0% of the ITG group and was not encountered in the ELS group (P = .009).ConclusionELS provided successful vertigo control at least as well as ITG with a lower incidence of audiovestibular complications.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:2455–2460, 2020