bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatologic Ultrasound in Primary Care: A New Modality of Teledermatology
Authors: Alfageme Fernando , Minguela Esther , Martínez Constanza , Salgüero Irene , Calvo Antonio , León Fernando , Álvarez Lourdes , de Vicente Olga , Panadero Francisco Javier , Salguero Oliver Luis , Roustán Gastón 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to validate dermatologic ultrasound as a complementary teledermatologic imaging modality in primary and tertiary care centers.MethodsSix primary care centers and 1 tertiary care dermatology department collaborated in the program. Images were sent through the institutional teledermatologic platform to the tertiary care dermatology department. At the reference hospital, ultrasound images and clinical data were received and registered by a physician trained in dermatologic ultrasound. An in‐person consultation was scheduled to confirm the teleultrasound diagnosis. The time of response by the tertiary center, quality and size of the teledermatologic image, and concordance with the in‐person diagnosis were assessed for each dermatologic lesion.ResultsA total of 147 teleultrasound consultations with 143 patients (93 women and 50 men; mean age ± SD, 47 ± 23 years) were evaluated between June 2018 and January 2019. Nine teleultrasound consultations (6.1%) were not valid. Discordance between teleultrasound and the in‐person diagnosis was evident in 6 of 138 cases (4.3%). Most cases corresponded to benign skin tumors (66.7%), followed by inflammatory skin lesions (15.9%), nonmelanoma skin lesions (13%), and other skin lesions (4.3%). All malignant tumors were detected (sensitivity, 100%), although 2 cases of benign lesions were telediagnosed as malignant (specificity, 97.8%). The positive and negative predictive values of a teleultrasound diagnosis of cutaneous malignancy were 90% and 100%, respectively.ConclusionsAsynchronous primary care teleultrasound combined with dermatologic ultrasound training at tertiary centers is an effective teledermatologic modality.
Interchange and Overlap Among Four Adjacent Arctic Caribou Herds
Authors: Prichard Alexander K. , Parrett Lincoln S. , Lenart Elizabeth A. , Caikoski Jason R. , Joly Kyle , Person Brian T. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBarren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) are distributed in herds that seasonally use specific geographic regions within an annual range, with varying levels of fidelity during different periods (e.g., calving, insect relief, wintering). As a result, caribou management is generally tailored to individual herds that often range across administrative boundaries. Herd ranges can shift over time, seasonal ranges of adjacent herds often overlap, herds merge, and there is often little genetic differentiation among adjacent herds. If substantial herd interchange occurs, it would have important management implications by influencing estimates of herd size, herd composition, and harvest rates. We compiled satellite telemetry data from 2003–2015 for 4 large arctic caribou herds to quantify herd interchange rates. We calculated a metric of herd interchange based on the relationship of caribou locations to typical weekly herd ranges (all yrs combined) and the distance to other radio‐collared caribou from each of the 4 herds (yr specific). Although herd membership cannot always be clearly defined based on location, this metric provides an objective measure of the strength of evidence of herd membership that can be used to make comparisons among herds and time periods. We also calculated herd overlap and quantified how it varied throughout the year. Herd interchange was rare in the 2 larger herds, generally occurring when caribou overwintered with an adjacent herd, whereas herd interchange from the 2 smaller herds was more frequent and could last longer than a year. Although sample sizes were limited, there were no clear patterns in herd interchange with year or annual herd size. The 2 smaller herds had large seasonal overlap with adjacent herds, suggesting that herd interchange may be related to spatiotemporal herd overlap and relative herd size. Our results can help managers understand herd interchange and overlap to make management decisions, interpret research results, and develop more accurate population models. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Boreal Caribou Can Coexist with Natural but Not Industrial Disturbances
Authors: Stewart Frances E. C. , Nowak J. Joshua , Micheletti Tatiane , McIntire Eliot J. B. , Schmiegelow Fiona K. A. , Cumming Steven G. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTFor species at risk, it is important that demographic models be consistent with our most recent knowledge because alternate model versions can have differing predictions for wildlife and natural resource management. To establish and maintain this consistency, we can compare predicted model values to current or past observations and demographic knowledge. When novel predictor information becomes available, testing for consistency between modeled and observed values ensures the best models are used for robust, evidence‐based, wildlife management. We combine novel information on the extent of historical disturbance regimes (industrial and fire) to an existing demographic model and predict historical and projected demographics of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Exploring 6 simulation experiments across 5 populations in Alberta, Canada, we identify the relative importance of industrial disturbance, fire, and population density to observed population size and growth rate. We confirm the onset of significant declines across all 5 populations began approximately 30 years ago, demonstrate these declines have been consistent, and conclude they are more likely due to industrial disturbance from the oil and gas sector within contemporary population ranges than historical fire regimes. These findings reinforce recent research on the cause of woodland caribou declines. Testing for consistency between observations and models prescribed for species recovery is paramount for assessing the cause of declines, projecting population trends, and refining recovery strategies for effective wildlife management. We provide a novel simulation method for conducting these tests. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Experimental and kinetic modeling study of the oxidation of cyclopentane and methylcyclopentane at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Dayma G. , Thion S. , Serinyel Z. , Dagaut P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCyclopentane and methylcyclopentane oxidation was investigated in a jet‐stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure, over temperatures ranging from 900 to 1250 K, for fuel‐lean, stoichiometric, and fuel‐rich mixtures at a constant residence time of 70 ms. The initial mole fraction of both fuels was kept constant at 1000 ppm. The reactants were highly diluted by a flow of nitrogen to ensure thermal homogeneity. Samples of the reacting mixture were analyzed online and off‐line by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. A detailed kinetic mechanism consisting of 590 species involved in 3469 reactions was developed, and simulation results were compared to these new experimental data and previously reported ignition delays. Reaction pathways analysis as well as sensitivity analyses were performed to get insights into the differences observed during the oxidation process of cyclopentane and methylcyclopentane.
Introducing the TiDyWAVE field flume: A method to quantify natural ecosystem resilience against future storm waves
Authors: de Smit J. C. , Kleinhans M. G. , Gerkema T. , Timmermans K. R. , Bouma T. J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by global change. Insight in their resilience against increased storminess is needed for their application in nature‐based coastal defense schemes. This is often gained from flume experiments. Laboratory flumes provide excellent hydrodynamic control, but are restrictive in that it is extremely difficult to experiment on ecosystems with a naturally developed stability. Field flumes resolve the latter, but are limited to unidirectional currents. This study introduces an easily deployable field flume that mimics the near‐bed water motion of waves: the Tidal Dynamics WAVE flume (the TiDyWAVE). The hydrodynamics of the TiDyWAVE are assessed and compared to natural waves. We also compare it with a more traditional unidirectional flow channel by measuring the erodibility (ucr) of (1) bare sediments of which ucr can be calculated and (2) a seagrass meadow. The TiDyWAVE can generate peak oscillatory currents up to 0.32 m s−1 with a maximum wave period of 3.5 s, corresponding to 0.42 m high waves for a water depth of 3 m. ucr measurements showed that bed shear stress in the TiDyWAVE mimics field waves well. In accordance with theory, the observed ucr on bare sediment is consistently lower for oscillatory flow compared to unidirectional currents. On Thalassia testudinum, ucr under unidirectional currents increases 3.5 times faster with increasing blade area than under oscillatory flow. The difference in hydrodynamic sheltering of the seabed by flexible vegetation under currents vs. waves emphasizes the need for imposing representative hydrodynamics to study hydrodynamic thresholds of coastal ecosystems.
TEMPO‐Contained Polymer Grafted onto Graphene Oxide via Click Chemistry as Cathode Materials for Organic Battery
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Zhu Ting , Tuo Huan , Yan Mengmeng , Zhang Wanbin , Zhang Guanghua , Yang Xiaowu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐4‐yl methacrylate) (PTMA) is a typical organic battery material containing nitrogen and oxygen radicals. The grafting of PTMA onto graphene oxide to obtain composite cathode material poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐4‐yl methacrylate)‐Graphene Oxide (PTMA‐GO) via click chemistry is reported. The method of preparing PTMA‐GO is completed at room temperature, which can retain the oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of graphene oxide, and the process is simple and easy to conduct. The composite materials are characterized by infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and electron paramagnetic resonance. The cathode material is assembled in a button battery to measure its cyclic voltammogram, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and charge and discharge capacity cycles. It is found that the PTMA‐GO electrode is twice as conductive as the PTMA electrode alone. The specific capacity of the PTMA‐GO electrode is nearly 2.3 times higher than that of the PTMA electrode after 300 charge–discharge cycles. This represents an important reference value for the development of organic batteries, especially for the research of nitroxide radical polymer electrode materials.
Yolk–Shell Fe3O4@Void@N‐Carbon Nanostructures Based on One‐Step Deposition of SiO2 and Resorcinol‐3‐Aminophenol‐Formaldehyde (R‐APF) Cocondensed Resin Dual Layers onto Fe3O4 Nanoclusters
Authors: Tian Kesong , Wang Junyan , Guo Wanchun , Li Ruifei , Cao Ling , Xu Zhaopeng , Wang Haiyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractYolk–shell magnetic nanoparticles@nitrogen‐enriched Carbon nanostructures with a magnetic core and a hollow nitrogen‐enriched carbon shell exhibit considerable promise in various applications, such as drug delivery, heterogenous catalysts, removal of metal ions and organic pollutants, and screening of biomolecules, due to their strong magnetic response, unique cavities, and the selective absorption ability of nitrogen‐enriched groups. However, their complicated synthesis always involves possible surface modification, layer‐by‐layer deposition of a sacrificial middle layer and an outer nitrogen‐enriched layer on magnetic nanoparticles, subsequent carbonization, and final removal of the sacrificial middle layer. Herein, yolk–shell Fe3O4@nitrogen‐enriched carbon nanostructures are constructed based on NH4+ ion‐induced one‐step deposition of SiO2 and Resorcinol‐3‐aminophenol‐formaldehyde cocondensed resin (R‐APF) dual layers onto poly acrylic acid‐modified Fe3O4 nanoclusters without any extra surface modification. The N‐Carbon shell thickness of the yolk–shell Fe3O4@Void@N‐Carbon nanostructure can be finely tailored though tailoring the feeding amount of aminophenol and resorcinol to tune the thickness of the outer R‐APF resin shell onto Fe3O4@SiO2 intermediate particles. This NH4+ ion‐induced one‐pot deposition of double layers can effectively promote synthesis efficiency of this kind of yolk–shell nanostructure.
Deep learning segmentation of general interventional tools in two‐dimensional ultrasound images
Authors: Gillies Derek J. , Rodgers Jessica R. , Gyacskov Igor , Roy Priyanka , Kakani Nirmal , Cool Derek W. , Fenster Aaron 
Published: August 2020

PurposeMany interventional procedures require the precise placement of needles or therapy applicators (tools) to correctly achieve planned targets for optimal diagnosis or treatment of cancer, typically leveraging the temporal resolution of ultrasound (US) to provide real‐time feedback. Identifying tools in two‐dimensional (2D) images can often be time‐consuming with the precise position difficult to distinguish. We have developed and implemented a deep learning method to segment tools in 2D US images in near real‐time for multiple anatomical sites, despite the widely varying appearances across interventional applications.MethodsA U‐Net architecture with a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) loss function was used to perform segmentation on input images resized to 256 × 256 pixels. The U‐Net was modified by adding 50% dropouts and the use of transpose convolutions in the decoder section of the network. The proposed approach was trained with 917 images and manual segmentations from prostate/gynecologic brachytherapy, liver ablation, and kidney biopsy/ablation procedures, as well as phantom experiments. Real‐time data augmentation was applied to improve generalizability and doubled the dataset for each epoch. Postprocessing to identify the tool tip and trajectory was performed using two different approaches, comparing the largest island with a linear fit to random sample consensus (RANSAC) fitting.ResultsComparing predictions from 315 unseen test images to manual segmentations, the overall median [first quartile, third quartile] tip error, angular error, and DSC were 3.5 [1.3, 13.5] mm, 0.8 [0.3, 1.7]°, and 73.3 [56.2, 82.3]%, respectively, following RANSAC postprocessing. The predictions with the lowest median tip and angular errors were observed in the gynecologic images (median tip error: 0.3 mm; median angular error: 0.4°) with the highest errors in the kidney images (median tip error: 10.1 mm; median angular error: 2.9°). The performance on the kidney images was likely due to a reduction in acoustic signal associated with oblique insertions relative to the US probe and the increased number of anatomical interfaces with similar echogenicity. Unprocessed segmentations were performed with a mean time of approximately 50 ms per image.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that our proposed approach can accurately segment tools in 2D US images from multiple anatomical locations and a variety of clinical interventional procedures in near real‐time, providing the potential to improve image guidance during a broad range of diagnostic and therapeutic cancer interventions.
Formulation of reference solutions for compaction process in sedimentary basins
Authors: Lemos Paulo Sérgio B. , Brüch André , Maghous Samir 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the development of semianalytical solutions for the deformation induced by gravitational compaction in sedimentary basins. Formulated within the framework of coupled plasticity–viscoplasticity at large strains, the modeling dedicates special emphasis to the effects of material densification associated with large irreversible porosity changes on the stiffness and hardening of the sediment material. At material level, the purely mechanical compaction taking place in the upper layers of the basin is handled in the context of finite elastoplasticity, whereas the viscoplastic component of behavior is intended to address creep‐like deformation resulting from chemo‐mechanical that prevails at deeper layers. Semianalytical solutions describing the evolution of mechanical state of the sedimentary basin along both the accretion and postaccretion periods are presented in the simplified oedometric setting. These solutions can be viewed as reference solutions for verification and benchmarks of basin simulators. The proposed approach may reveal suitable for parametric analyses because it requires only standard mathematics‐based software for PDE system resolution. The numerical illustrations provide a quantitative comparison between the derived solutions and finite element predictions from an appropriate basin simulator, thus showing the ability of the approach to accurately capture essential features of basin deformation.
Next generation of microservices for the 5G Service‐Based Architecture
Authors: Moreira João Bourbon , Mamede Henrique , Pereira Vasco , Sousa Bruno 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe architecture for 5G core includes a Service‐Based Architecture for the diverse network functions (NFs), which relies on HTTP/2 for the SBI and TCP as the underlying transport protocol. The specifications of the HTTP family is moving towards more efficient and secure protocols, which are based on UDP to assure enhanced transport but using TLS to secure the communication channel. The next generation of microservices needs to be more secure, performant and easily manageable, where HTTP/3 and containers orchestration platforms (like Kubernetes) can provide significative contributions towards such goals. Different deployment approaches can be followed for services implemented in compliance to the 5G SBA. This paper contributes with the assessment of deployment models for services in 5G networks, where NFs are implemented following traditional architectures (all the functions in a VM) or as serverless architectures (with functions distributed in containers). The performance of microservices in Kubernetes is also evaluated. The evaluation conducted also considers the employment of different versions of HTTPs to empower the service‐based interfaces of 5G services. Results demonstrate performance benefits of employing HTTP/3, based on QUIC protocol, in scenarios with networks characterised by losses or delay conditions. Despite such gain, deployment in 5G networks needs to carefully consider aspects related with connection tracking mechanisms to support high volumes of requests.
Treatment resistant depression incidence and prevalence using the French nationwide claims database
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Grelaud Angela , Blin Patrick , Astruc Bernard , Falissard Bruno , Llorca Pierre‐Michel , Bernard Marie‐Agnès , Lassalle Régis , Moore Nicholas , Droz‐Perroteau Cécile 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo estimate annual incidence and prevalence of Treatment‐Resistant Depression (TRD) in France.MethodsWe identified all adult patients (≥ 18 years) with a TRD episode between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2014 in the EGB (Échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires), a permanent random sample of the French nationwide claims database. After a 6‐month washout period without hospitalization for depression or any antidepressants (AD), and after exclusion of psychotic or bipolar affective disorders, Parkinson's disease and dementia, a TRD episode was defined by three successive sequences of different AD over a 3‐month treatment period (6 months for a sensitive analysis), with at least 3 weeks before each sequence change and a Medication Possession Ratio ≥ 80%; or by the dispensing of >two different AD together; or of an AD with a potentiator (lithium, antiepileptic drugs, antipsychotic drugs, thyroid hormones) over the same treatment period. The annual incidence rate was estimated from 2012 to 2014 and the prevalence using a Gamma parametric function based on treatment duration and a 30‐year prediction.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2014, 700 patients were identified in EGB with a TRD episode. The mean age was 47.4 years (±15.3); 52.7% were women. Annual incidence and prevalence of TRD were estimated at 5.8 and 25.8 per 10 000 patients, respectively and at 7.8 and 37.6 per 10 000 patients, respectively in the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThis study provides the first population‐based estimates for incidence and prevalence of TRD in France.
Effect of steric constraints on the physico‐electrochemical properties of sulfonated polyaromatic copolymers
Authors: Peressin Nicolas , Adamski Michael , Holdcroft Steven 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe impact of incorporating additional steric restrictions into highly sterically encumbered sulfonated polyaromatic polymers was investigated. Copolymers possessing between 0 and 10% nonlinear ortho or meta biphenyl units in an otherwise linear para biphenyl‐containing sulfo‐phenylated poly(phenylene) were synthesized in yields >80% and evaluated on the basis of their physical and electrochemical properties. When incorporated into sulfonated copolymers in ≤5 mol%, ortho and meta linked biphenyl moieties reduced membrane swelling in water by up to 23 and 19 vol%, respectively, compared to strictly para biphenyl‐linked copolymers. Despite this, copolymers possessing nonlinear, biphenyl‐linked monomers displayed a decrease in proton conductivity and mechanical strength. This study reinforces the importance of considering restricted rotation, backbone flexibility, and chain entanglement in the design of polymers aimed at improving their physical and electrochemical properties. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry
Influence of hydrophilic additives on the signal intensity in electrospray ionization of flavonoid glycosides
Authors: Kageyama (Kaneshima) Ami , Motoyama Akira , Takayama Mitsuo 
Published: August 2020

RationaleThe influence of hydrophilic additives glycine, glucose, and glycerol on electrospray ionization (ESI) signal intensity of flavonoid glycosides and a nonreducing disaccharide is examined. The addition of excess glycine to the ESI solution would affect signal intensity more than glucose and glycerol due to its strong hydration capability.MethodsThe ESI signal response upon the addition of excess additives prepared was estimated in both selected ion monitoring and scan mode. All the mass spectrometry data were acquired in negative ion mode, because negative ion mode is recommended for saccharide compounds.ResultsThe addition of glycine to the ESI solution of flavonoid glycosides and trehalose enhanced signal intensity, whereas the addition of glucose and glycerol had little effect. The signal intensity of rutin was higher than that of naringin and hesperidin, in accordance with their solubility in ESI solution. Trehalose molecules specifically interacted with glycine molecules to form a 1:1 trehalose–glycine complex, whereas the flavonoid glycosides did not produce such complex ions.ConclusionsThe ESI signal enhancement of the saccharides with the additive glycine can be explained by its strong hydration capability, with the deprotonated carboxylic oxygens of zwitterionic glycine molecules strongly interacting with water hydrogen atoms resulting in strong hydration enthalpy. Consequently, glycine molecules set the analytes free from solvation with water molecules in the ESI droplets.