bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La variació lectal del català en l’era de la societat xarxa
Authors: Nicolàs Miquel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Until now, the dynamics of language change is going to understand the dissociation internal/external. The internal dimension understood as a balance between the formal systems of a language. The external data looked incorporate socioeconomic, political and cultural factors as explanatory of historical interpretation. Both, however, have different logics. Today, the study of sociological and communicational complexity requires conceptual and methodological tools appropriate to the technological changes being experienced in the network.
In the history of Catalan has also tended to produce overall performances that forms the side of the community of speakers or the physical space, reproducing the dichotomy internal/external peer to which were added as oral/written, unity/diversity, center/periphery, urban/rural or standard/varieties. Do all these notions preserve the effectiveness explanatory? Can account properly transversal changes affecting called precisely or not digital natives? Rather than outline any alternative hypothesis, our goal is to point out the need to produce a type of historical interpretation more refined, versatile and persuasive, based on the dense nuanced description of the data available and incorporates the paradoxical effects of any discursive approach to verbal objects.
La perspectiva diastràtica en la Gramàtica de la llengua catalana. descriptiva, normativa, diatòpica, diastràtica (1994), d’Antoni M. Badia i Margarit
Authors: Costa-Carreras Joan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Badia (1994) presents his grammar as diastratic, by which he means the distribution of variants into three stylistic levels. This use moves him away from the tradition, in which diastratic means social dimension. Therefore an analysis of the references Badia provides has been done to find out whether there is any clue in them to understand this decision. None of them use the term diastratic. So, two questions arise: where had he known it? Why did he decided to change its meaning? Our hypothesis are that (1) it is plausible that he read Flydal (1952) and/or Coseriu (1981), and (2) having to choose a fourth adjective meaning ‘dealing with stylistic variation’, he decided to set up a personal concept for functional variation.
Processos de canvi en les combinacions de clítics pronominals a la Franja
Authors: Valls Esteve 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold: first, it seeks to provide a description of the binary combinations between a third person dative clitic and an accusative clitic in the north-western Catalan dialects spoken in the Franja (Aragon); second, it aims at analysing the evolution of these combinations across three generations of speakers. Both quantitative – dialectometric – and qualitative methods are used to analyse a new corpus which comprises 2,544 binary combinations gathered from 48 speakers – to which we added 5 artificial varieties. The results show that the morphology of these combinations is changing due to the pressure of both internal – paradigm simplification, analogy – and external – influence of standard Spanish – factors. As a result, the traditional continuum has split into several similar varieties whose boundaries coincide with the county political borders.
Geosinonímia o preferència lèxica
Authors: Ramos Joan-Rafael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A language codification process frequently involves choosing among several dialectal solutions. Lexical field is one of these cases, especially in dialectal synonymy. Under the pretext of promoting a supradialectal lexical pattern, historical and dialectal lexical options are discriminated in favour of the other that comes from the more influential dialectal area. But problems could arise, because over the course of time, a lexical preference becomes a lexical discrimination. In this paper, we study the topic of synonymy among apegar, aferrar and enganxar with the meaning of ‘stick’ in Catalan. This analysis is based on research conducted on an extensive corpus of texts, as well as on the information provided by different historical dictionaries.
Tracking banking in the Western Climate Initiative cap-and-trade program
Authors: Cullenward Danny , Inman Mason , Mastrandrea Michael D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Western Climate Initiative is a multilateral cap-and-trade program in California and Québec. The California climate regulator has called for cap-and-trade to deliver nearly half of the emission reductions needed to achieve the state’s legally binding limit on greenhouse gas emissions in 2030, making the program the single biggest driver of the state’s post-2020 policy portfolio. However, the program’s supply of compliance instruments has persistently exceeded emissions subject to the program—a condition known as overallocation, which independent studies have projected may continue into the mid-2020s. If market participants purchase and bank excess compliance instruments for future use, they may be able to comply with the program’s regulations while nevertheless emitting significantly in excess of the state’s legally binding 2030 limit. Here, we present methods for tracking observed banking behavior on both an annual and multi-year compliance period basis. By the end of 2018, market participants had already acquired more unused compliance instruments than the regulator anticipated for 2020. The size of the private bank is now comparable to the cumulative mitigation expected from the program over the period 2021 through 2030, raising questions about the program’s ability to achieve its expected reductions. Beyond diagnosing market conditions, banking metrics can also help policymakers design dynamic program reforms that increase program stringency conditional on observed market behavior deviating from expectations.
Urban form strongly mediates the allometric scaling of airshed pollution concentrations
Authors: MacKenzie A R , Whyatt J D , Barnes M J , Davies G , Hewitt C N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present allometric-scaling relationships between non-point-source emissions of air pollutants and settlement population, using 3030 urban settlements in Great Britain (home to ca. 80% of the population of that region). Sub-linear scalings (slope < 1.0; standard error on slope ∼0.01; r
2 > 0.6) were found for the oxides of nitrogen (NO
x
) and microscopic airborne particles (PM10 and PM2.5). That is, emissions of these pollutants from larger cities are lower per capita than would be expected when compared to the same population dispersed in smaller settlements. The scalings of traffic-related emissions are disaggregated into a component due to under-use of roads in small settlements and a fraction due to congestion in large settlements. We use these scalings of emissions, along with a scaling related to urban form, to explain quantitatively how and why urban airshed-average air pollutant concentrations also scale with population. Our predicted concentration scaling with population is strongly sub-linear, with a slope about half that of the emissions scaling, consistent with satellite measurements of NO2 columns over large cities across Europe. We demonstrate that the urban form of a particular settlement can result in the airshed-average air pollution of that settlement being much larger or smaller than expected. We extend our analysis to predict that the likelihood of occurrence of local air pollution hotspots will scale super-linearly with population, a testable hypothesis that awaits suitable data. Our analysis suggests that coordinated management of emissions and urban form would strongly reduce the likelihood of local pollutant hotspots occurring whilst also ameliorating the urban heat island effect under climate change.
Towards Sustainable Transportation: Identification of Development Challenges of TOD area in Jakarta Metropolitan Area Urban Railway Projects
Authors: Rosalin A , Kombaitan B , Zulkaidi D , Dirgahayani P , Syabri I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) becomes one of sustainable transportation concepts that have been implemented around the world to overcome the transport problems in certain area. This paper aims to identify and to explain general challenges encountered by Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) in the process of adopting TOD. The study is expected to explain the local context discourse and important elements of the TOD area development. The study utilizes a qualitative approach, by applying both primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained from in-depth interview in 4 (four) Focus Group Discussions (FGD) conducted from October 2017 to July 2018. The secondary data was acquired from literature reviews, institution reports, and existing policy review. The study observed 5 (five) TOD project currently developed by the private and public sector, such as TOD Dukuh Atas, TOD Ciracas, TOD Cikoko, TOD Pasar Senen, and TOD Tanjung Barat. It is found that the challenges of developing TOD in the case studies comprise 4 (four) important elements, such as regulation, planning and design of TOD, institutional issues, and funding. In this early stage of developing TOD, Indonesia, specifically JMA, still has ample in understanding the challenges of implementing TOD.
Study of Intermittent-Irrigation Technique to Cropping Patterns and Water Availability at Pemali Kanan Irrigation Area in Brebes Regency
Authors: Kusumo B B , Pranoto S A , Sriyana I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Paddy farming is closely related to irrigation water supply since it is a kind of plant that has a high water requirement. Therefore, in major areas in Indonesia, paddy is not recommended to be grown in dry season. In Brebes Regency, many farmers still pick paddy for all three planting seasons that they suffer from insufficient of irrigation water supply. The objectives of this study is to find out how water availability compared with water requirement at Pemali Kanan Irrigation Area in both periods (present time and 20 years to come) and is intermittent irrigation technique required to solve this water supply problem. This research is conducted by calculating water availabilty using FJ Mock Method, generating water availability for the upcoming 2 decades using Thomas-Fiering Method and analysing water requirements for all 13 cropping patterns. Output of the analysis shows that water availability of Pemali River in both periods are statistically identical. Meanwhile, the average water requirements are mostly negative. It means that water requirements for all 13 cropping patterns could be fulfilled by rainfall. The conclusion is that in most 2-weekly periods, rainfall could provide adequate water supply for all areas. Intermittent irrigation technique will only be required in a certain period that is the 3rd planting season which lasts from Juni to October.
Child Pedestrian Friendly Design Principle for the Settlement and Housing area
Authors: Makalew F P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Children pedestrian as part of sustainable transportation requires safe and comfortable area for their activity. The design principle of a good quality children pedestrian needs in-depth research. Study involving children pedestrian are related mostly to research with an adult as a major user, behaviour and pedestrian route. This study aim is to analyse the design principle of children pedestrian in settlement and housing area. The location of the study is the city of Manado, Minahasa and North Minahasa Regency. Data is collected through questionnaire and survey on field area and recording through videos and photos of activities in children pedestrian using smartphone and camera. The samples for this research are children pedestrians in selected housing and settlement areas in Winangun area, schools in Manado and North Minahasa Regency. The number of samples is 111 children between the age of 8 to 12-year-old. The result showed children preference of object and place in the walking area. Their choice for pedestrian area is also interesting in which they consider the aspect of safety, comfort and fun for doing their activities in their neighbourhood area and the surrounding school area. A specific regulation for children pedestrian is important when considering child-friendly environments.
The Flexibility of Parking Space of Traditional Market in the City Center (Case Study: Pasar Gede Of Surakarta, Indonesia)
Authors: Aliyah I , Aulia S A S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The economic growth in the city of Surakarta could be seen in its trading activities. The existing condition of the current parking space is located on the side of the road or on street parking. This has an impact on traffic jams during peak hours. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discover the flexibility of parking space at Pasar Gede Trade Area. The method began with empirical data collection based on Category Based Analysis method in grouping the duration of use, area extent, and technical arrangement of parking space. The result of grouping was then analyzed in terms of temporary spatial flexibility. The results show that the use of parking space area temporarilly can be regarded as a space with the flexibility of Time Cycle and Time Management, whereas conceptually, it is due to the flexibility of Convertibility that occurs naturally from the consciousness of the users. The contribution of the theory which can be generated is the flexibility of space in the context of spatial constraints through the diversity of spatial planning techniques.
Exploring the Role of Transportation Demand Omotenashi (TDO) in the City Center Plaza of Batu
Authors: Agustin I W , Adhianti R A C , Fikriyah  , Shakia N F , Maulidiah I A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
City center plaza of Batu is one of the icons of Batu city because of its strategic location and attractive design. The large number of visitors to City center plaza of Batu makes the area have a high number of trip attractions. Therefore, it is necessary to have integrated planning, especially in the city center plaza of Batu. The concept of TDO is hospitality, familiarity, and warmth which are considered the right solution to overcome traffic problems in Batu City, especially in the city center plaza of Batu. The research used Transportation Demand Omotenashi Concept and Process Hierarchy Analysis (AHP). The results obtained in the research are in the form of strategies that will be applied to the city center plaza of Batu, namely pedestrian arrangement, pedestrianway addition, enforcement of traffic regulations, improvement of public transport services, and parking management.
Sustaining Innovation on Public Health Service by Building Creative Culture in Rural Areas: Case on Program of Pemburu-Bumil-Resti at Banyuwangi Regency - Indonesia
Authors: Asmara A Y , Rahayu A Y S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Banyuwangi Regency, located in East Java Province has been popular several breakthroughs in public sector as initiated and promoted by Local Government of Banyuwangi. Innovation on public sector is aimed to deliver public services to Banyuwangi’s local people. One of prominent innovation forms is on public health sector called as The Pemburu-Bumil-Resti Program, aimed to minimize the number of baby and mother mortality rate in Banyuwangi Regency. It is necessary for pregnant women with potential for high-risk birth especially for those occupying in rural areas. The program is successfully considered to improve local people health quality in rural areas, as appreciated by national and international organizations. Unfortunately, this program is still dominantly conducted by Health Agency of Banyuwangi Government at recent time. This study is post-positivistic approach by using case study method conducted in rural areas in Sempu District – Banyuwangi Regency. The research is on an ongoing study starting from 15 January to 15 February 2019. The temporary research finding states that The Pemburu-Bumil-Resti program should be reinforced through building creative culture on rural community to improve participation and awareness of this program and to sustain it in the next period of leadership in Banyuwangi Regency.
Urbanization Phenomena of Small Inland City: Case of Parakan, Central Java
Authors: Septiarani B , Handayani W , Ma’rif S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urban development in Indonesia has been notably figured out with the development of coastal area as the place to provide regional-international trade having the control of labour. Hence, coastal cities and the surrounding areas are rapidly growing to urbanized area. However, rapid development with limited carrying capacity and climate related issues of coastal area has become the challenges of their development. Meanwhile, the growth of inland city also started to gain some attentions. In Central Java, for instance, the emerging of inland city centre has become a new phenomenon in urbanization. Parakan, one of the inland cities in Central Java selected as the study area due to the growing of rural-urban characteristic. This new inland city centre is a part of Temanggung Region, Central Java strategically located in the national road of Semarang to Purwokerto. The intention of this paper is to elaborate the growth of inland city in Central Java, especially in Parakan. The GIS is utilized to analyse the spatial changes in Parakan meanwhile the economic aspects are analysed to find out the indication of shifting economic activities within the city. From the analysis, it is found that changes in population appear in urban area as one of indicators of urbanization in Parakan inland city. As a consequence, the economic activities and the GDP also experience changes due to the growing of urbanized area. The growing of Parakan has been proven that the urbanization phenomenon in Central Java occurs in the inland city inferring that the urbanization pattern in Indonesia, specifically in Central Java, is not only limited to the growth of the coastal cities.
Determining the Location of Shelters for Tsunami Evacuation Based on Service Area Analysis in Paseban Village, Kencong Sub-District, Jember District
Authors: Usman F , Sari I C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In each earthquake and tsunami event, efforts to evacuate to a safe place are always the right choice. This is because after the earthquake, the damage caused is usually quite massive. There is little time to react in an evacuation effort to move to a place safe from the reach of the tsunami wave. This study aimed to identify areas affected by the tsunami and the number of people exposed. The data will be used to select the temporary evacuation points that can be used to protect oneself from tsunami waves. The evacuation point was done by the scoring method. The determining of evacuation points took into account the parameters of building functions, distance from shoreline, building area, altitude, number of building floors, distance from the road, and its capacity. The results of this study indicates that, the determining of evacuation sites greatly impacts the area and service areas for Temporary Evacuation Shelter (TES)
Problems and Challenges in Sustaining Rural Land Resources
Authors: Insani T D , Rudiarto I , Wijaya H B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The discussion in this paper brings up issues on how the land resources utilization is done mainly as a respond to socioeconomic development instead of achieving sustainability. Delanggu sub-district of Klaten Regency and Kledung sub-district of Temanggung Regency were chosen as the study areas. We collected data and information by conducting Focus Group Discussion in each study area with relevant stakeholders and analysed the issues further using SWOT and problem analysis approach. The result showed that even though land use change is a common issue shared by both study areas, the drivers as well as the approaches taken by the community and stakeholders from each sub-district are different. Kledung sub-district as a rural mountain area appears more sustainable in term of land resource utilization than urbanized Delanggu sub-district which is a plain area. The findings call more challenges for future adaptive approaches to answer the notion of sustainable agriculture in rural area.
Village Development Index of Probolinggo Coastal Villages Case study: Bhinor Village, Paiton District
Authors: Prasetya Y E , Hidayat A R T , Dinanti D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One of the factors affecting the development of villages through Village Development Index (IDM) is the access to information and communication technology. Paiton District has the highest level of tele-density and serves as strategic areas of Probolinggo Regency. The activities of the Paiton Steam Power Plant affect the socio-economic conditions of Bhinor community as well as an expansion of the coastline. This research aimed to find out IDM in Bhinor Village related to the existence of the Paiton Steam Power Plant. This study employed IDM composite index and literature review. The results indicated that characteristics of ICT infrastructure services in Bhinor Village tended to BTS services as well as Radio and Telephone. Paiton Steam Power Plant contributes positively to the social and economic activities of the residents in Bhinor Village. In environmental aspects, it produces pollution and changes in the coastline due to abrasion. This is in accordance with the results of the IDM calculation, in which Bhinor Village has a high value on the Economic and Social Security Index. It has a low value on the Environmental Resilience Index. Villagers can use ICT availability to deal with environmental issues and improve Environmental Resilience.
Growth performance of Acacia mangium provenances in Parung Panjang, Bogor and its correlation with physical and mechanical wood properties
Authors: Nurhasybi  , Sudrajat DJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wood quality and growth are two important parameters that need to be analyzed for the utilization and selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this research was to investigate the ten provenances growth characteristics and their physical and mechanical properties of Acacia mangium at Parung Panjang, Bogor. The provenance trial was arranged in three blocks of a randomized completely blocks design. In every provenance, 18 trees were sampled resulting in a total of 180 trees in each block representing each provenance measured for their total height, clear bole height, stem diameter at breast height, stem form, branching system, and crown form. Three individual trees were selected randomly from each provenance for wood properties traits, i.e. moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rapture (MOR). Significant differences among provenances were detected for stem diameter, clear bole height, branching system and crown form, while total height and stem form revealed not significantly different. Most of growth parameters was not significantly correlated with physical and mechanical wood traits, except for MOR, it revealed significant correlation with the total tree height, stem form, and branching system. Generally, some growth characteristics were not a good indicator for selecting the best provenance in wood properties. The best growth performance was revealed by Kiriwo/Serisa WP, Bimadebun Village, and Balimo District, but from wood quality, the superior provenance was revealed by Bimadebun Village with the lower moisture content, the highest wood density, the highest MOE and MOR. The Bimadebun Village provenance is potential to be developed as provenance seed stand, especialy for solid (contruction) wood.