bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-micromachined zebra-patterned graphene as a mode locker with adjustable loss
Authors: Morova Yagiz , Eun Bae Ji , Rotermund Fabian , Sennaroglu Alphan 
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we describe a novel, to the best of our knowledge, device based on micro-structured graphene, referred to as zebra-patterned graphene saturable absorber (ZeGSA), which can be used as a saturable absorber with adjustable loss to initiate femtosecond pulse generation. Femtosecond laser micro-machining was employed to ablate monolayer graphene on an infrasil substrate in the form of stripes with a different duty cycle, resulting in the formation of regions with variable insertion loss in the 0.21%–3.12% range. The mode-locking performance of the device was successfully tested using a

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laser, operating near 1250 nm. In comparison with mode locking using non-ablated graphene, the ZeGSA device with regions of decreasing graphene, enabled improved power performance where the mode-locked output power increased from 68 mW to 114 mW, and the corresponding pulse duration decreased from 62 to 48 fs at the same incident pump power of 6.3 W. These experiments indicate that ZeGSA shows great potential as a laser mode locker with adjustable loss and that it should find applications in the development of femtosecond lasers over a broad spectral range.
All-fiber Mamyshev oscillator with high average power and harmonic mode-locking
Authors: Poeydebat Etienne , Scol Florent , Vanvincq Olivier , Bouwmans Geraud , Hugonnot Emmanuel 
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental demonstration of high-order harmonic mode-locking of an all-fiber Mamyshev oscillator. The laser is entirely realized using standard step-index fiber. It delivers time-stable pulse trains with average powers reaching more than 100 mW at the fundamental mode-locked repetition rate (7.7 MHz) and 1.3 W at the 14th harmonic (107.8 MHz).
Spectroscopy and high-power laser operation of a monoclinic Yb3+:MgWO4 crystal
Authors: Loiko Pavel , Chen Mengting , Serres Josep Maria , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , Lin Haifeng , Zhang Ge , Zhang Lizhen , Lin Zhoubin , Camy Patrice , Dai Shi-Bo , Chen Zhenqiang , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Li , Chen Weidong , Griebner Uwe , Petrov Valentin , Mateos Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Monoclinic (wolframite-type) monotungstate crystals are promising for rare-earth doping. We report polarized room- and low-temperature spectroscopy and efficient high-power laser operation of such a

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crystal featuring high stimulated emission cross section (

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at 1056.7 nm for light polarization

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), large Stark splitting of the ground state (

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), large gain bandwidth (26.1 nm for

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), and strong Raman response (most intense mode at

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). A diode-pumped

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laser generated 18.2 W at

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with a slope efficiency of

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and a linearly polarized laser output.
Cell free DNA: revolution in molecular diagnostics – the journey so far
Authors: Nandi Kajal , Verma Rashmi , Dawar Rajni , Goswami Binita 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Cell free DNA (cf-DNA) refers to all non -ncapsulated DNA present in the blood stream which may originate from apoptotic cells as a part of the physiological cell turnover, or from cancer cells or fetal cells. Recent studies have highlighted the utility of cfDNA analysis for genetic profiling of cancer, non-invasive prenatal testing besides many other clinical applications. In our review we discuss the sources of cfDNA in the body, the techniques most commonly being used for its isolation and analysis, the applications of cfDNA testing and the associated pros-cons. We conclude that for prenatal testing, cfDNA analysis provides an effective, non-invasive and safer alternative to traditional amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling tests. Also, in cancer patients, cfDNA analysis is useful for genetic profiling and follow-up during treatment. However, standardization of methods of isolation and analysis has become crucial for the success of widespread use of cfDNA analysis.
Cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: Galaz Jose , Romero Roberto , Slutsky Rebecca , Xu Yi , Motomura Kenichiro , Para Robert , Pacora Percy , Panaitescu Bogdan , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Kacerovsky Marian , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPreterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (pPROM) occurs in 30% of preterm births; thus, this complication is a major contributor to maternal and neonatal morbidity. However, the cellular immune responses in amniotic fluid of women with pPROM have not been investigated.MethodsAmniotic fluid samples were obtained from women with pPROM and a positive (n = 7) or negative (n = 10) microbiological culture. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the phenotype and number of amniotic fluid leukocytes. The correlation between amniotic fluid immune cells and an interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration or a white blood cell (WBC) count in amniotic fluid was calculated.ResultsWomen with pPROM and a positive amniotic fluid culture had (1) a greater number of total leukocytes in amniotic fluid, including neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages and (2) an increased number of total T cells in amniotic fluid, namely CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, but not B cells. The numbers of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages were positively correlated with IL-6 concentrations and WBC counts in amniotic fluid of women with pPROM.ConclusionWomen with pPROM and a positive amniotic fluid culture exhibit a more severe cellular immune response than those with a negative culture, which is associated with well-known markers of intra-amniotic inflammation.
The Neural Dynamics of Individual Differences in Episodic Autobiographical Memory
Authors: Petrican Raluca , Palombo Daniela J. , Sheldon Signy , Levine Brian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ability to mentally travel to specific events from one’s past, dubbed episodic autobiographical memory (E-AM), contributes to adaptive functioning. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying its typical interindividual variation remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we capitalize on existing evidence that successful performance on E-AM tasks draws on the ability to visualize past episodes and reinstate their unique spatiotemporal context. Hence, here, we test whether features of the brain’s functional architecture relevant to perceptual versus conceptual processes shape individual differences in both self-rated E-AM and laboratory-based episodic memory (EM) for random visual scene sequences (visual EM). We propose that superior subjective E-AM and visual EM are associated with greater similarity in static neural organization patterns, potentially indicating greater efficiency in switching, between rest and mental states relevant to encoding perceptual information. Complementarily, we postulate that impoverished subjective E-AM and visual EM are linked to dynamic brain organization patterns implying a predisposition towards semanticizing novel perceptual information. Analyses were conducted on resting state and task-based fMRI data from 329 participants (160 women) in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) who completed visual and verbal EM assessments, and an independent gender diverse sample (N = 59) who self-rated their E-AM. Interindividual differences in subjective E-AM were linked to the same neural mechanisms underlying visual, but not verbal, EM, in general agreement with the hypothesized static and dynamic brain organization patterns. Our results suggest that higher E-AM entails more efficient processing of temporally extended information sequences, whereas lower E-AM entails more efficient semantic or gist-based processing.
The VGF-derived Peptide TLQP21 Impairs Purinergic Control of Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis in Mouse Microglia
Authors: Elmadany Nirmeen , de Almeida Sassi Felipe , Wendt Stefan , Logiacco Francesca , Visser Josien , Haage Verena , Hernandez Daniel Perez , Mertins Philipp , Hambardzumyan Dolores , Wolf Susanne , Kettenmann Helmut , Semtner Marcus 
Published: February 2020

Microglial cells are considered as sensors of brain pathology by detecting any sign of brain lesions, infections, or dysfunction and can influence the onset and progression of neurological diseases. They are capable of sensing their neuronal environment via many different signaling molecules, such as neurotransmitters, neurohormones and neuropeptides. The neuropeptide VGF has been associated with many metabolic and neurological disorders. TLQP21 is a VGF-derived peptide and has been shown to signal via C3aR1 and C1qBP receptors. The effect of TLQP21 on microglial functions in health or disease is not known. Studying microglial cells in acute brain slices, we found that TLQP21 impaired metabotropic purinergic signaling. Specifically, it attenuated the ATP-induced activation of a K+conductance, the UDP-stimulated phagocytic activity, and the ATP-dependent laser lesion-induced process outgrowth. These impairments were reversed by blocking C1qBP, but not C3aR1 receptors. While microglia in brain slices from male mice lack C3aR1 receptors, both receptors are expressed in primary cultured microglia. In addition to the negative impact on purinergic signaling, we found stimulating effects of TLQP21 in cultured microglia, which were mediated by C3aR1 receptors: it directly evoked membrane currents, stimulated basal phagocytic activity, evoked intracellular Ca2+transient elevations, and served as a chemotactic signal. We conclude that TLQP21 has differential effects on microglia depending on C3aR1 activation or C1qBP-dependent attenuation of purinergic signaling. Thus, TLQP21 can modulate the functional phenotype of microglia, which may have an impact on their function in health and disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuropeptide VGF and its peptides have been associated with many metabolic and neurological disorders. TLQP21 is a VGF-derived peptide that activates C1qBP receptors, which are expressed by microglia. We show here, for the first time, that TLQP21 impairs P2Y-mediated purinergic signaling and related functions. These include modulation of phagocytic activity and responses to injury. As purinergic signaling is central for microglial actions in the brain, this TLQP21-mediated mechanism might regulate microglial activity in health and disease. We furthermore show that, in addition to C1qBP, functional C3aR1 responses contribute to TLQP21 action on microglia. However, C3aR1 responses were only present in primary cultures but notin situ, suggesting that the expression of these receptors might vary between different microglial activation states.
Distance and Direction Codes Underlie Navigation of a Novel Semantic Space in the Human Brain
Authors: Viganò Simone , Piazza Manuela 
Published: February 2020

A recent proposal posits that humans might use the same neuronal machinery to support the representation of both spatial and nonspatial information, organizing concepts and memories using spatial codes. This view predicts that the same neuronal coding schemes characterizing navigation in the physical space (tuned to distance and direction) should underlie navigation of abstract semantic spaces, even if they are categorical and labeled by symbols. We constructed an artificial semantic environment by parsing a bidimensional audiovisual object space into four labeled categories. Before and after a nonspatial symbolic categorization training, 25 adults (15 females) were presented with pseudorandom sequences of objects and words during a functional MRI session. We reasoned that subsequent presentations of stimuli (either objects or words) referring to different categories implied implicit movements in the novel semantic space, and that such movements subtended specific distances and directions. Using whole-brain fMRI adaptation and searchlight model-based representational similarity analysis, we found evidence of both distance-based and direction-based responses in brain regions typically involved in spatial navigation: the medial prefrontal cortex and the right entorhinal cortex (EHC). After training, both regions encoded the distances between concepts, making it possible to recover a faithful bidimensional representation of the semantic space directly from their multivariate activity patterns, whereas the right EHC also exhibited a periodic modulation as a function of traveled direction. Our results indicate that the brain regions and coding schemes supporting relations and movements between spatial locations in mammals are “recycled” in humans to represent a bidimensional multisensory conceptual space during a symbolic categorization task.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampal formation and the medial prefrontal cortex of mammals represent the surrounding physical space by encoding distances and directions between locations. Recent works suggested that humans use the same neural machinery to organize their memories as points of an internal map of experiences. We asked whether the same brain regions and neural codes supporting spatial navigation are recruited when humans use language to organize their knowledge of the world in categorical semantic representations. Using fMRI, we show that the medial prefrontal cortex and the entorhinal portion of the hippocampal formation represent the distances and the movement directions between concepts of a novel audiovisual semantic space, and that it was possible to reconstruct, from neural data, their relationships in memory.
Asymptotic properties of the (convex) hyperspaces
Authors: Zarichnyi Mykhailo , Romanskyi Mykhailo 
Published: February 2020

It is known that the hyperspaces of compact sets and compact convex set of the Euclidean space $\mathbb R^n$, $n\ge2$, both are homeomorphic to the puctured Hilbert cube.
The main result of this note states that these hyperspaces are not coarsely equivalent.
Assessment of glomerular and tubulointerstitial apparatus state depending on the level of the natriuretic peptide in hypertension patients
Authors: Chernyavina A. I. 
Published: February 2020

Aim. To assess the state of the glomerular and tubulointerstitial apparatus depending on the level of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with hypertension (HTN).Material and methods. The study included 119 patients with stage I-II HTN (target organ damage classification). We determined the cystatin C level, glomerular filtration rate (GFF) using the CKD-EPI equation, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and NT-proBNP levels; echocardiography and sphygmoplethysmography was performed. In the first analysis, patients were divided into two groups depending on the NT-proBNP level. Group 1 (n=32) consisted of patients with NTproBNP level >125 pg/ml, group 2 (n=87) — with NT-proBNP level <125 pg/ml. Empirically, the NT-proBNP cutoff point (75 pg/ml) was found to assess the role of cystatin C. The first group included 41 patients with NT-proBNP level >75 pg/ml, the second group — 78 patients with NT-proBNP level <75 pg/ml.Results. In the group 1 (NT-proBNP >125 pg/ml) the NGAL concentration was significantly higher than in the group 2: 2,50 [1,90;2,85] vs 1,30 [0,9;2,0] ng/ml, respectively (p=0,022). Patients in the groups did not significantly differ in the cystatin C levels and GFR (p=0,099 and p=0,090, respectively). When dividing patients according to the NT-proBNP cutoff point (75 pg/ml), the following data were obtained. The concentration of cystatin C in the first group with NT-proBNP >75 pg/ml was 1041,50 [995,00;1185,00] vs 964,30 [801,00;1090,00] ng/ml in the second group (p=0,034). Patients in the groups significantly differed in GFR (p=0,027). A correlation analysis revealed a moderate, direct relationship of NT-proBNP with cystatin C (r=0,32; p<0,005) and NGAL levels (r=0,36; p<0,05), as well as a moderate, inverse relationship with GFR (r=-0,35; p<0,005).Conclusion. NT-proBNP determination can be used as an integrative risk stratification tool for glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in HTN patients.
Risk factors for acute decompensated heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Koziolova N. A. , Veklich A. S. , Karavaev P. G. 
Published: February 2020

Aim. To identify risk factors for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Material and methods. In the cardiology department, 129 patients with ADHF were registered within 8 months, 59 (45,7%) of them had T2D. The study included 117 ADHF patients who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of T2D: group 1 (n=49; 41,9%) — patients with T2D, group 2 (n=67; 55,9%) without T2D. The ADHF was verified by rapid progress of hypoperfusion and congestion, which required emergency hospitalization and inotropic and/or intravenous diuretic therapy. In the first 48 hours of hospitalization, echocardiography was performed, levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatinine were determined; the glomerular filtration rate was estimated.Results. The incidence of T2D among patients with ADHF was 45,7%. There were following risk factors for ADHF in T2D patients: diabetic ketoacidosis (p=0,002), hypertensive crisis (p=0,017), history of acute coronary syndrome (p=0,048), atrial fibrillation (p=0,030), chronic kidney disease (p=0,003), pneumonia (p=0,035), progression of anemia (p=0,049), low prevalence of beta-blockers use (p=0,001), use of inappropriate antidiabetic drugs for HF patients (sulfonylureas, insulin). ADHF, assessed by NT-proBNP level, was significantly more severe in T2D patients (p=0,001) with pronounced congestion symptoms (p=0,001), which led to an increase in the need for diuretic therapy (p=0,002). Cardiac remodeling in T2D patients with ADHF is characterized mainly by the preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), severe LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and LV hypertrophy (LVH).Conclusion. The development of ADHF in T2D patients is associated with various risk factors and is characterized by severe congestion symptoms, high need for diuretic therapy, mainly preserved LVEF in combination with severe LVDD and LVH.
Administration of Lapatinib with Food Increases Its Plasma Concentration in Chinese Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Prospective Phase II Study
Authors: Xu Fei , Lee Kaping , Xia Wen , Liao Hai , Lu Qianyi , Zhang Jingmin , Yuan Huimin , Zhang Kai , Zheng Qiufan , Qin Ge , Zhai Qinglian , Hong Ruoxi , Jiang Kuikui , Li Yuan , Wang Shusen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Administration of lapatinib with food significantly increased its plasma concentration in Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer. There were no serious adverse events during the study and no significant differences in lapatinib-related adverse events between the fasted and fed states.

Background
Lapatinib, a small molecular reversible dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2), was approved for use in combination with capecitabine to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Administration of lapatinib in the fasted state was recommended; however, our preliminary phase II trial data showed that administration of lapatinib with food increased its concentration.

Methods
This study was a single-center, open-label, and prospective self-controlled clinical study. Ten Chinese patients with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled from June 2017 to April 2018. They were required to receive lapatinib plus physician's choice of chemotherapy. Patients were required to take lapatinib orally on an empty stomach continually for 10 days, and then take lapatinib with food continually for the next 10 days. Plasma concentration was measured by liquid chromatography on the 9th and 10th day of each state.

Results
Area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of the fasted state and the fed state was 21.23 ± 8.91 mg*h/L (coefficient of variation (CV)% 42%) and 60.60 ± 16.64 mg*h/L (CV% 27%), respectively. The mean plasma concentration in the fasted state was 0.88 ± 0.39 mg/L (CV% 45%), and that in the fed state was 2.53 ± 0.77 mg/L (CV% 30%). Compared with taking lapatinib on an empty stomach, receiving lapatinib with food significantly increased the plasma concentration of lapatinib (Wilcoxon match-paired test, p = .005). In addition, there were no serious adverse events during the study or significant difference in lapatinib-related adverse events between the two states.

Conclusion
Our study shows that receiving lapatinib with food can increase its plasma concentration with no significantly increased drug-related toxicity. We suggest that a larger-sample-size clinical trial is needed to fully understand the effect of administration of lapatinib with food.
“Se você se aposentar e não continuar tendo prazer na vida, você vai se aposentar pra quê?": um estudo sobre o trabalho de docentes aposentados de uma IFES
Authors: Ribeiro Carla Vaz dos Santos , COSTA ANA FLÁVIA MONIZ , CARDOSO VALÉRIA MARIA LIMA , MACHADO BRENDA BARROS 
Published: February 2020

O presente artigo buscou investigar aspectos que influenciam docentes inativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior (IFES) no retorno ao trabalho. Foram entrevistados sete docentes que regressaram à Instituição depois da aposentadoria e, dentre eles, seis voltaram ao labor sem nenhuma vantagem financeira. Procurou-se analisar o significado dessa fase de transição para os entrevistados, e como se deu a decisão de retornar ou permanecer na Instituição após a aposentadoria. Constatou-se que, apesar de afirmarem que atualmente possuem uma rotina mais autônoma, alguns descrevem um cotidiano laboral bastante intensificado. Ao enfatizarem que a docência ocupa um lugar crucial em suas vidas, confirmam a relevância deste trabalho na constituição de suas subjetividades e a dificuldade de ruptura do vínculo laboral e de aceitação da aposentadoria.
Palavras-chave: Psicodinâmica do Trabalho; Sentido do Trabalho. Aposentadoria; Subjetividade.