bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shorter, warmer winters may inhibit production of ephyrae in a population of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita
Authors: Loveridge Alexandra , Lucas Cathy H. , Pitt Kylie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScyphozoan jellyfish blooms display high interannual variability in terms of timing of appearance and size of the bloom. To understand the causes of this variability, the conditions experienced by the polyps prior to the production of ephyrae in the spring were examined. Polyps reared from planula larvae of Aurelia aurita medusae collected from southern England (50°49′58.8; − 1°05′36.9) were incubated under orthogonal combinations of temperature (4, 7, 10 °C) and duration (2, 4, 6, 8 weeks), representing the range of winter conditions in that region, before experiencing an increase to 13 °C. Timing and success of strobilation were recorded. No significant production of ephyrae was observed in any of the 2- and 4-week incubations, or in any 10 °C incubation. Time to first ephyra release decreased with longer winter incubations, and more ephyrae were produced following longer and colder winter simulations. This experiment indicates that A. aurita requires a minimum period of cooler temperatures to strobilate, and contradicts claims that jellyfish populations will be more prevalent in warming oceans, specifically in the context of warmer winter conditions. Such investigations on population-specific ontogeny highlights the need to examine each life stage separately as well as in the context of its environment.
Study of backspatter using high-speed video of experimental gunshots
Authors: Schyma Christian , Baumann Fabienne , Madea Burkhard , Gotsmy Walther 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackspatter is biological material that is ejected from the entry wound against the line of fire. This phenomenon was also observed in wound ballistic simulations using so called "reference cubes" (12 cm edge length, 10% gelatin, 4 °C, paint pad beneath the cover). High-speed video records from 102 experimental shots to these target models using full metal jacketed bullets in the calibers .32 auto, .38 special, 9 mm Luger and .357 Magnum were analyzed for chronology, morphological appearance and velocity of fluid ejection. Generally, a short tail splashing of surface material occurred when the bullet was penetrating the target. In 51 shots from distance (≥ 5 cm), regardless of caliber and shot range, a linear jet of fluid started in connection with the first collapse of the temporary cavity. The initial velocity of the jet was measured between 6 and 45 m/s. The jet was streaming on for about 60 to 100 ms with a stochastic deviation of ± 13° to the horizontal. Close range and contact shots showed earlier and faster (up to 330 m/s) backspatter depending on the cartridge and the gap between muzzle and target. Gaseous aerosol-like spray and cone-like spatter indicated an increasing influence of muzzle gases with decreasing shot range. Even under standardized experimental conditions, variations of backspatter were observed in near/contact shots.
New combinations in Decalobanthus (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Simões Ana Rita G. , Pisuttimarn Ponprom , Pornpongrungrueng Pimwadee , Chatrou Lars W. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe recent revisionary work of “Merremieae” has resulted in the segregation of the c. 100 species of the pantropical genus Merremia into six genera. Thus, the formerly monotypic genus Decalobanthus was expanded, aggregating 13 species of Merremia s.l. The genus delimitation is coherent, with strong molecular phylogenetic and morphological support. Decalobanthus, hence, consists of woody climbers with broadly cordate leaves, large yellow or white flowers, four-valved chartaceous capsules, and is mostly distributed in Asia and the Pacific. Four species have remained classified in Merremia s.l., although molecular and morphological evidence unequivocally suggests their placement in Decalobanthus. In the present work, these are formally transferred to the genus, which now extends to 17 species.
Energy-efficient scheduling of streaming applications in VFI-NoC-HMPSoC based edge devices
Authors: Tariq Umair Ullah , Ali Haider , Liu Lu , Panneerselvam John , Hardy James 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEnergy-aware high-performance computing is becoming a challenging facet for streaming applications at edge devices in Internet-of-Things (IoT) due to the high computational complexity involved. Therefore, the number of processors has increased significantly on the multiprocessor system subsequently, Voltage Frequency Island (VFI) recently adopted for an effective energy management mechanism in the large scale multiprocessor chip designs. In this paper, energy-aware scheduling of real-time streaming applications on edge-devices is investigated. First, an innovative re-timing based technique is developed to transform the dependent workload into an independent task model to avail resources and the wasted slack in the processors with a possible minimal prologue. Moreover, unlike the existing population-based optimization algorithms, a novel population-based algorithm, ARSH-FATI is proposed that can dynamically switch between explorative and exploitative search modes at run-time for performance trade-off. Finally, a communication contention-aware Earliest Edge Consistent Deadline First (EECDF) scheduling algorithm is presented. Our static scheduler ARHS-FATI collectively performs task mapping and ordering. Consequently, its performance is superior to the existing state-of-the-art approach proposed for homogeneous VFI based MPSoCs.
Regularity of solutions of elliptic equations in divergence form in modified local generalized Morrey spaces
Authors: Guliyev V. S. , Omarova M. N. , Ragusa M. A. , Scapellato A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAim of this paper is to prove regularity results, in some Modified Local Generalized Morrey Spaces, for the first derivatives of the solutions of a divergence elliptic second order equation of the form$$\begin{aligned} \mathscr {L}u{:}{=}\sum _{i,j=1}^{n}\left( a_{ij}(x)u_{x_{i}}\right) _{x_{j}}=\nabla \cdot f,\qquad \hbox {for almost all }x\in \Omega \end{aligned}$$Lu:=∑i,j=1naij(x)uxixj=∇·f,for almost allx∈Ωwhere the coefficients$$a_{ij}$$aijbelong to the Central (that is, Local) Sarason class CVMO andfis assumed to be in some Modified Local Generalized Morrey Spaces$$\widetilde{LM}_{\{x_{0}\}}^{p,\varphi }$$LM~{x0}p,φ. Heart of the paper is to use an explicit representation formula for the first derivatives of the solutions of the elliptic equation in divergence form, in terms of singular integral operators and commutators with Calderón–Zygmund kernels. Combining the representation formula with some Morrey-type estimates for each operator that appears in it, we derive several regularity results.
Resonances: tuning into the echoes of the ecological collective
Authors: Widdop Quinton Helen , Ward Kumara , Ahearn Marilyn , Carapeto Teresa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrawing on posthumanist and new materialism theorising, we take the concept of resonance for an a/r/tographic ‘walk’ to know, be and do differently, to challenge human-centric separatist ways that have resulted in our current socioecological crises. Beginning with Ingold’s knotty thinking, we identify the notion of resonance as a node for exploring and thinking about interactions in the world. Guided by Barad’s proposition of entangling ethico-onto-epistemic ways, our a/r/tographic thought experiments find resonances that echo through bodies, through connections as nature, through deep-time and modern spaces to notice and attend to intraactions within the ecological collective. Through art-full, thought-full scholartistic enquiry, we explore diffractive encounters to consider resonance as a conceptual tool for tuning into and harmonising with the entanglements of body–mind–space–time–matter. We pose this exploration of resonance as the start of a knotty theory conversation for shifting into a new ‘common world’ knowing, being and doing.
The Influence of Individual Characteristics and Institutional Norms on Bureaucrats’ Use of Cost–Benefit Analysis: A Choice Experiment
Authors: Hammes Johanna J. , Nerhagen Lena , Fors Heather C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA commonly assumed reason for the delegation of authority from a legislature (politicians) to bureaucracies is that the bureaucrats have an information advantage over the politicians, including knowledge of cost–benefit analysis (CBA). But it is reasonable to assume that the bureaucrats use their information advantage by taking all relevant aspects of policy into account? We model the use of CBA using a delegation model and then test the theoretical predictions with empirical data collected from five Swedish government agencies. The empirical results lend support both for the hypothesis that risk aversion concerning the environmental outcome, the bureaucrats’ environmental attitudes, and the cost of taking CBA information into account have a considerable impact on the probability of using information from a CBA. Hence risk averse and bureaucrats with strong environmental preferences are less likely and bureaucrats with low cost of doing a CBA more likely than other bureaucrats to use CBA information. Finally, a binding governmental budget constraint may positively influence a bureaucrat’s choice of using CBA information. A tentative conclusion is therefore that it may be possible to increase the use of CBA by making the budgetary consequences of policies much clearer and demanding due consideration of costs.
The use of strategies from the social sciences to inform pipeline development programs for under-represented minority faculty and students in the health sciences
Authors: Matthews Alicia K. , Allen-Meares Paula , Watson Karriem , Crooks Natasha , Smith Ariel , Hart Alysha , Estrella Mayra L. , Kim Sage 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Representation of under-represented minority (URM) faculty in the health sciences disciplines is persistently low relative to both national and student population demographics. Although some progress has been made through nationally funded pipeline development programs, demographic disparities in the various health sciences disciplines remain. As such the development of innovative interventions to help URM faculty and students overcome barriers to advancement remains a national priority. To date, the majority of pipeline development programs have focused on academic readiness, mentorship, and professional development. However, insights from the social sciences literature related to “extra-academic” (e.g., racism) barriers to URM persistence in higher education suggest the limitations of efforts exclusively focused on cognitively mediated endpoints. The purpose of this article is to synthesize findings from the social sciences literature that can inform the enhancement of URM pipeline development programs. Specifically, we highlight research related to the social, emotional, and contextual correlates of URM success in higher education including reducing social isolation, increasing engagement with research, bolstering persistence, enhancing mentoring models, and creating institutional change. Supporting URM’s success in the health sciences has implications for the development of a workforce with the capacity to understand and intervene on the drivers of health inequalities.
Evaluating intervention strategies in controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread in care homes: An agent-based model
Authors: Nguyen Le Khanh Ngan , Howick Susan , McLafferty Dennis , Anderson Gillian H. , Pravinkumar Sahaya J. , Van Der Meer Robert , Megiddo Itamar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Care homes are vulnerable to widespread transmission of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with poor outcomes for staff and residents. Infection control interventions in care homes need to not only be effective in containing the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but also feasible to implement in this special setting which is both a healthcare institution and a home.Methods:We developed an agent-based model that simulates the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 via contacts between individuals, including residents, staff members, and visitors in a care home setting. We explored a representative care home in Scotland in our base case and explore other care home setups in an uncertainty analysis. We evaluated the effectiveness of a range of intervention strategies in controlling the spread of COVID-19.Results:In the presence of the reference interventions that have been implemented in many care homes, including testing of new admissions, isolation of symptomatic residents, and restricted public visiting, routine testing of staff appears to be the most effective and practical approach. Routine testing of residents is no more effective as a reference strategy while routine testing of both staff and residents only shows a negligible additive effect. Modeling results are very sensitive to transmission probability per contact, but the qualitative finding is robust to varying parameter values in our uncertainty analysis.Conclusions:Our model predictions suggest that routine testing should target staff in care homes in conjunction with adherence to strict hand hygiene and using personal protective equipment to reduce risk of transmission per contact.
Determinants of public employment services: exploring the relationship between benefit conditionality and partisan politics
Authors: Fredriksson Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse determinants of resources devoted to public employment services (PES). It has proven difficult to disentangle ‘carrots’ (placement and services) from ‘sticks’ (sanctions and monitoring) when tracking the development of PES spending. This has contributed to ambivalence concerning the role of partisan politics, especially since welfare states have been argued to increasingly emphasize the ‘sticks’ aspect of the PES, irrespective of ideological orientation. This suggests that the role of partisan politics should be analysed together with ‘demanding’ activation, which is made possible with novel data on unemployment benefit conditionality. The analysis includes 16 welfare states and results indicate that left and secular centre-right parties are associated with increased resources devoted to PES, but that effects of partisan politics are contingent on the form and extent of benefit conditionality. Increased conditionality is associated with higher PES spending, thus nuancing the cost-containment argument for activation.
Moisture evolution in North Xinjiang (northwest China) during the last 8000 years linked to the westerlies’ winter half-year precipitation
Authors: Zhang Xiaonan , Zhou Aifeng , Huang Zhendong , An Chengbang , Zhao Yongtao , Yin Liying , Russell James M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWinter half-year precipitation dominates variations in hydroclimatic conditions in North Xinjiang, but few researchers have focused on this very important aspect of the Holocene climate. Here we report multiproxy evidence of Holocene hydroclimate changes from the sediments of Wulungu Lake in North Xinjiang. The site is a closed terminal lake fed mainly by meltwater from snow and ice, and today the area is climatically dominated by the westerlies. Grain-size end-member analysis implies an important mode of variation that indicates a gradually increasing moisture trend, with superimposed centennial-scale variations, since 8000 cal yr BP. From 8000 to 5350 cal yr BP, a permanent lake developed, and the lake level gradually rose. Between 5350 and 500 cal yr BP, the moisture status increased rapidly, with the wettest climate occurring between 3200 and 500 cal yr BP. After 500 cal yr BP, the lake level fell. The trend of increasing Holocene wetness indicates a rising winter precipitation in North Xinjiang during the Holocene. This was due to an increase in upwind vapor concentrations caused by increased evaporation and strength of the westerlies, which were determined by the increasing boreal winter insolation and its latitudinal gradient.
Charts, Indexes, and Files: Surveillance, Information Management, and the Visualization of Subversion in Mainline Protestantism
Authors: McVicar Michael J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThis essay explores how some Americans came to view the Federal Council of Churches (FCC) and, more broadly, ecumenical mainline Protestantism as a threat to the national security interests of the United States. By focusing on the efforts of various elements in the federal bureaucracy—including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Chemical Warfare Service, and Military Intelligence—and the work of average Americans to investigate the FCC, the essay examines how techniques of surveillance and information management helped shape the way Americans came to understand religion in the twentieth century. The essay develops three interconnected themes: first, the rise of America's national security surveillance establishment in the United States after World War I; second, the development of new methods of information management and visualization in corporate and state bureaucracies; and, third, the rise of voluntary, private surveillance in the wake of World War I. Through these three themes, the essay highlights how a network of federal bureaucrats, business leaders, and average citizens used graphs, indexes, and files to interpret mainline, ecumenical Christianity as a threat to domestic security in the United States. Ultimately, the project suggests that scholarly efforts to assess fissures in U.S. Protestantism have focused too much on controversies over belief and theology—especially those related to evolutionary theory, eschatology, and scriptural inerrancy—and paid far too little attention to the emerging bureaucratic systems of state and corporate surveillance that helped to document, visualize, and disseminate these accusations in the first place.
CLUSTERING OF CALIBRATED RADIOCARBON DATES: SITE-SPECIFIC CHRONOLOGICAL SEQUENCES IDENTIFIED BY DENSE RADIOCARBON SAMPLING
Authors: Demján Peter , Pavúk Peter 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTCalibrated radiocarbon (14C) determinations are commonly used in archaeology to assign calendar dates to a site’s chronological phases identified based on additional evidence such as stratigraphy. In the absence of such evidence, we can perform dense 14C sampling of the site to attempt to identify periods of heightened activity, separated by periods of inactivity, which correspond to archaeological phases and gaps between them. We propose a method to achieve this by hierarchical cluster analysis of the calibrated 14C dates, followed by testing of the different clustering solutions for consistency based on silhouette coefficient and statistical significance using randomization. Separate events identified in such a way can then be regarded as evidence for distinct phases of activity and used to construct a site-specific sequence. This can be in turn used as a Bayesian prior to further narrow down the distributions of the calibrated 14C dates. We assessed the validity of the method using simulated data as well as real-life archaeological data from the Bronze Age settlement of Troy. A Python implementation of the method is available online at https://github.com/demjanp/clustering_14C.
MÖBIUS–FROBENIUS MAPS ON IRREDUCIBLE POLYNOMIALS
Authors: MARTÍNEZ F. E. BROCHERO , OLIVEIRA DANIELA , REIS LUCAS 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLet n be a positive integer and let

$\mathbb{F} _{q^n}$
be the finite field with

$q^n$
elements, where q is a prime power. We introduce a natural action of the projective semilinear group
${\mathrm{P}\Gamma\mathrm{L}} (2, q^n)={\mathrm{PGL}} (2, q^n)\rtimes {\mathrm{Gal}} ({\mathbb F_{q^n}} /\mathbb{F} _q)$
on the set of monic irreducible polynomials over the finite field

$\mathbb{F} _{q^n}$
. Our main results provide information on the characterisation and number of fixed points.
Association between dairy product intake and body composition among South Asian adults from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study
Authors: Murphy Bridget , Talegawkar Sameera A. , O’Connor Joyce , Kandula Namratha R. , Kanaya Alka M. , Allison Matthew A. , Parekh Niyati 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSouth Asians, who are at a disproportionately greater risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD), represent a rapidly growing population in the USA. The relationship between dairy products, a major component of South Asian diets, and body composition – an established risk factor for ASCVD, is unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine associations between dairy intake and multiple measures of body composition (BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist:hip ratio, abdominal lean mass, subcutaneous, visceral, and intermuscular fat areas) among South Asian adults in the USA. A baseline analysis was conducted using existing data from the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohort. In women, the highest (>1·9 servings/d) v. lowest (<1 serving/d) tertile of dairy intake was associated with 53 % lower odds of a waist circumference >80 cm (95 % CI 0·25, 0·89, Pfor trend<0·05). No associations were observed between dairy intake and measures of body composition. However, >3 servings of low-fat yogurt/week was associated with a 9·9 cm2 lower visceral fat area (95 % CI –19·07, –0·72, P<0·05) and 2·3 cm2 lower intermuscular fat area (95 % CI –3·76, –0·79, P<0·05) as compared with those with three servings/week. Milk and cheese were not associated with body composition measures. These analyses suggest that higher consumption of low-fat yogurt is associated with lower visceral and intermuscular fat in the whole sample, and women with higher dairy intake have lower waist circumference. Our study supports dietary incorporation of dairy products, and recognises the utility of multidimensional measures of central adiposity.
CREATIVITY AND TRANSNATIONAL COMMERCIAL LAW: FROM CARCHEMISH TO CAPE TOWN
Authors: Goode Roy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article examines the creative aspects of a range of international commercial law instruments which have in common that they seek to bypass traditional doctrine in order to increase commercial efficiency and ease of transacting. In short, the purpose of the harmonising measure is functional in that it seeks to overcome a serious obstacle to cross-border trade by providing commercially sensible solutions to typical problems regardless whether this disturbs established legal theory, which should always the servant of the law, not its master. Creativity applies not only to the formulation of an instrument but also to its interpretation. Those entrusted with preparing a commentary on the detail of such an instrument are likely to face difficult issues of interpretation which may take years to surface and may only be resolved by a willingness to risk error in order to provide the reader with clear guidance rather than sheltering behind the presentation of alternative interpretations, while at the same time resisting the temptation to ascribe to words in a convention the meaning they would have under one's own national law.At least one of the instruments examined was conceptually flawed; it is mentioned to highlight the danger of over-ambition in delineating the sphere of application of the convention concerned. Undisciplined creativity comes at a cost. Another convention, and a highly successful one, is referred to only to demonstrate the value of creative ambiguity.