bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel high-dimensional NMR experiment for resolving protein backbone dihedral angle ambiguities
Authors: Kauffmann Clemens , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Schwarz Thomas C. , Konrat Robert , Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are challenging established structural biology perception and urge a reassessment of the conventional understanding of the subtle interplay between protein structure and dynamics. Due to their importance in eukaryotic life and central role in protein interaction networks, IDP research is a fascinating and highly relevant research area in which NMR spectroscopy is destined to be a key player. The flexible nature of IDPs, as a result of the sampling of a vast conformational space, however, poses a tremendous scientific challenge, both technically and theoretically. Pronounced signal averaging results in narrow signal dispersion and requires higher dimensionality NMR techniques. Moreover, a fundamental problem in the structural characterization of IDPs is the definition of the conformational ensemble sampled by the polypeptide chain in solution, where often the interpretation relies on the concept of ‘residual structure’ or ‘conformational preference’. An important source of structural information is information-rich NMR experiments that probe protein backbone dihedral angles in a unique manner. Cross-correlated relaxation experiments have proven to fulfil this task as they provide unique information about protein backbones, particularly in IDPs. Here we present a novel cross-correlation experiment that utilizes non-uniform sampling detection schemes to resolve protein backbone dihedral ambiguities in IDPs. The sensitivity of this novel technique is illustrated with an application to the prototypical IDP $$\alpha$$α-Synculein for which unexpected deviations from random-coil-like behaviour could be observed.
An intelligent approach to predicting the effect of nanoparticle mixture ratio, concentration and temperature on thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids
Authors: Wole-Osho Ifeoluwa , Okonkwo Eric C. , Adun Humphery , Kavaz Doga , Abbasoglu Serkan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHybrid nanofluids are better heat transfer fluids than conventional nanofluids because of the combined properties of two or more nanoparticles. In this study, the thermal conductivity of Al2O3–ZnO nanoparticles suspended in a base fluid of distilled water is investigated. The experiments were conducted for three mixture ratios (1:2, 1:1 and 2:1) of Al2O3–ZnO nanofluid at five different volume concentrations of 0.33%, 0.67%, 1.0%, 1.33% and 1.67%. X-ray diffractometric analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the nanoparticles. The highest thermal conductivity enhancement achieved for Al2O3–ZnO hybrid nanofluids with 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 (Al2O3:ZnO) mixture ratios was 36%, 35% and 40%, respectively, at volume concentration 1.67%. The study observed the highest thermal conductivity for Al2O3–ZnO nanofluid was achieved at a mixture ratio of 2:1. A “deeping” effect was observed at a mixture ratio of 1:1 representing the lowest value of thermal conductivity within the considered range. The study proposed and compared three models for obtaining the thermal conductivity of Al2O3–ZnO nanofluids based on temperature, volume concentration and nanoparticle mixture ratio. A polynomial correlation model, the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model and an artificial neural network model optimised with three different learning algorithms. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system model was most accurate in forecasting the thermal conductivity of the Al2O3–ZnO hybrid nanofluid with an R2 value of 0.9946.
Marine connectivity in spatial conservation planning: analogues from the terrestrial realm
Authors: Virtanen Elina A. , Moilanen Atte , Viitasalo Markku 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContextSpatial prioritization is an analytical approach that can be used to provide decision support in spatial conservation planning (SCP), and in tasks such as conservation area network design, zoning, planning for impact avoidance or targeting of habitat management or restoration.MethodsBased on literature, we summarize the role of connectivity as one component of relevance in the broad structure of spatial prioritization in both marine and terrestrial realms.ResultsPartially diffuse, directed connectivity can be approximated in Zonation-based multi-criteria SCP by applying hydrodynamic modelling, knowledge on species traits, and information on species occurrences and quality of habitats. Sources and destinations of larvae or propagules can be identified as separate spatial layers and taken into account in full-scale spatial prioritization involving data on biota, as well as economic factors, threats, and administrative constraints. While population connectivity is an important determinant of metapopulation persistence, the importance of marine connectivity depends on species traits and the marine environment studied. At one end of the continuum are species that occupy isolated habitats and have long pelagic larval durations in deeper sea areas with strong directional currents. At the other extreme are species with short pelagic durations that occupy fragmented habitats in shallow topographically complex sea areas with weak and variable currents.ConclusionsWe conclude that the same objectives, methods, and analysis structures are applicable to both terrestrial and marine spatial prioritization. Marine spatial conservation planning, marine spatial planning, marine zoning, etc., can be implemented using methods originated in the terrestrial realm of planning.
Hybrid P3HT: PCBM/GaN nanowire/Si cascade heterojunction for photovoltaic application
Authors: Tchutchulashvili Giorgi , Korona Krzysztof P. , Mech Wojciech , Chusnutdinow Sergij , Sobanska Marta , Klosek Kamil , Zytkiewicz Zbigniew R. , Sadowski Wojciech 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are commonly used for the fabrication of organic photovoltaics (OPV). Efficiency limitations of OPVs could be circumvented by incorporation of inorganic nanostructures into organic blends. Again, integration of organic solar cells with well-developed silicon photovoltaic technology is ultimately desirable. In the present work, GaN nanowires with diameters of 25–50 nm and two lengths (200 and 500 nm) have been grown using molecular beam epitaxy technique. Solar-grade monocrystalline silicon wafers were used as substrates for nanowire synthesis. GaN nanostructures were incorporated into P3HT:PCBM photoactive layer in order to facilitate charge transfer between P3HT:PCBM and Si. Samples with and without nanowires were compared. Addition of nanowires led to the improvement in photovoltaic performance. Open circuit voltage has risen by 72% and short circuit current density by 200%. Series resistance has decreased 50 times, and power conversion efficiency has risen 20.7 times. Additional maxima are found in photocurrent spectrum corresponding to carriers being generated near GaN absorption edge. Moreover, external quantum efficiency peaks near GaN absorption edge, indicating the formation of current transfer channel via P3HT/GaN/Si cascade heterojunction. Mechanism explaining source of abovementioned improvement is proposed.
Education and Ignorance: Between the Noun of Knowledge and the Verb of Thinking
Authors: Szkudlarek Tomasz , Zamojski Piotr 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper we look at the relations between knowledge and thinking through the lens of ignorance. In relation to knowledge, ignorance becomes its “constitutive outside,” and as such it may be politically organised in order to delimit the borders of the right to knowledge [the “ignorance economy,” see Roberts and Armitage (Prometheus 26 (4): 335–354, 2008)]. In this light, the notion of a knowledge-based society should be understood as a society structured along the lines of knowledge distribution: the rights of possession of and access to knowledge demand that ignorance is planned and executed as the condition of their establishment. In relation to thinking, ignorance appears differently. According to Rancière, the teacher's ignorance conditions the student's appearance as Anthropos, a being who can be asked: what do you think about it? Hence, we are dealing with the ambiguity of ignorance which seems to be both the criterion of social exclusion, and the condition of emancipation. Following this thread with reference to Heidegger's discourse on thinking, we would like to explore the possibility of comprehending knowledge and education beyond the relations of ownership and demands of productivity. Following Rancière, we may say that thinking—as displacing the notion of ignorance—stands in the position of “politics” and questions the ways knowledge societies are structured as “police orders” along the lines of knowledge possession and exclusion.
Optimal scheduling of measurement-based parallel real-time tasks
Authors: Agrawal Kunal , Baruah Sanjoy , Ekberg Pontus , Li Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work we consider a measurement-based model for parallel real-time tasks represented by the work and span parameters of directed acyclic graphs, with different bounds for nominal and overload scenarios. We address the corresponding real-time scheduling problem and propose an optimal scheduling strategy with a derived tight bound on the maximum response time of a task.
What “Evidence” in Evidence-Based Medicine?
Authors: Martini Carlo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe concept of evidence has gone unanalysed in much of the current debate between proponents and critics of evidence-based medicine. In this paper I will suggest that part of the controversy rests on an understanding of the word “evidence” that is too broad, and therefore contains the contradictions that allow both camps to defend their position and charge their adversaries. I will argue that reconciling the different meanings of the word ‘evidence’ in “evidence-based medicine” should help put EBM in its rightful place.
Effect of Activated Sludge on the Degradation of 2-Ethylhexyl 4-Methoxycinnamate and 2-Ethylhexyl 4-(Dimethylamino)Benzoate in Wastewater
Authors: Gackowska Alicja , Studziński Waldemar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIncomplete removal of organic pollutants during wastewater treatment is one of the main routes to introduce micro-pollutants into the environment. This group of pollutants includes, among others, UV filters. Commonly used UV filters are 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (ODPABA). Due to the lipophilic character, these compounds can accumulate in sludge. The effects of activated sludge on the removal of EHMC and ODPABA from wastewater have been investigated in this study. It was shown that both UV filters tend to accumulate in the sludge. The concentration of UV filters in sludge increased with the increase of activated sludge dose and time of process. It was checked whether EHMC and ODPABA were transformed in activated sludge. A gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) was used to identify products. In the case of EHMC, ethylhexyl alcohol (EHA) and the Z-EHMC isomer were identified. Methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid (MPABA) was identified as ODPABA degradation product. Elimination of EHMC and ODPABA from wastewater mainly proceeds by adsorption of these pollutants in the sludge. Filters present in wastewater and sludge undergo transformations.
Touch too much: aquatic disinfectant and steam exposure treatments can inhibit further spread of invasive bloody-red mysid shrimp Hemimysis anomala
Authors: Coughlan Neil E. , O’Hara Shane , Crane Kate , Dick Jaimie T. A. , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Cuthbert Ross N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiosecurity protocols designed to prevent further spread of invasive alien species have become a key component of invader management strategies. However, spread-prevention of invasive peracarids is especially difficult due to ineffectiveness of detection and treatment options. For instance, bloody-red mysid shrimp, Hemimysis anomala, is a high impact ecosystem-destabilising invader, which continues to spread in both Europe and North America. Here, we examine the effectiveness of two commonly used aquatic disinfectants (Virasure®/Virkon® Aquatic), and steam treatments (≥ 100 °C) to kill H. anomala. Specimens were exposed to 1% disinfectant solutions for complete immersion or mist-spray treatments, both lasting 60 s. Steam exposures lasted for 10 or 30 s. All treatments caused 100% mortality of H. anomala. Accordingly, it appears that relatively brief exposures to disinfectant and steam treatments can curtail further H. anomala spread. Therefore, these treatments should be used to decontaminate all equipment, from wetsuits to boats. In particular, steam and disinfectant spray treatments may be useful for decontamination of large, complex equipment, such as vehicles, trailers, outboard motors, or live wells on fishing boats.
From digital literacy to digital competence: the teacher digital competency (TDC) framework
Authors: Falloon Garry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOver the years, a variety of frameworks, models and literacies have been developed to guide teacher educators in their efforts to build digital capabilities in their students, that will support them to use new and emerging technologies in their future classrooms. Generally, these focus on advancing students’ skills in using ‘educational’ applications and digitally-sourced information, or understanding effective blends of pedagogical, content and technological knowledge seen as supporting the integration of digital resources into teaching, to enhance subject learning outcomes. Within teacher education institutions courses developing these capabilities are commonly delivered as standalone entities, or there is an assumption that they will be generated by technology’s integration in other disciplines or through mandated assessment. However, significant research exists suggesting the current narrow focus on subject-related technical and information skills does not prepare students adequately with the breadth of knowledge and capabilities needed in today’s classrooms, and beyond. This article presents a conceptual framework introducing an expanded view of teacher digital competence (TDC). It moves beyond prevailing technical and literacies conceptualisations, arguing for more holistic and broader-based understandings that recognise the increasingly complex knowledge and skills young people need to function ethically, safely and productively in diverse, digitally-mediated environments. The implications of the framework are discussed, with specific reference to its interdisciplinary nature and the requirement of all faculty to engage purposefully and deliberately in delivering its objectives. Practical suggestions on how the framework might be used by faculty, are presented.
Impact of a Multi-step Heat Treatment on Different Manufacturing Routes of 18CrNiMo7-6 Steel
Authors: Mandal Paranjayee , Olasolo Maider , Da Silva Laurie , Lalvani Himanshu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Effect of an optimized multi-step heat treatment routine on conventional (machining from wrought bar stock) and alternate manufacturing routes (hot forging and cold rotary forging) for producing flat cylindrical-shaped machine drive components from 18CrNiMo7-6 steel was investigated. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the final component manufactured using these three different routes were analyzed using optical microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hardness testing, electro-thermal mechanical testing (ETMT), and rotary bending fatigue testing (RBFT) before and after implementing the multi-step heat treatment. It was found that the multi-step heat treatment transformed the as-received microstructure into the tempered martensitic microstructure, improving hardness, tensile, and fatigue properties. The heat treatment produced desired properties for the components manufactured by all three different routes. However the cold rotary forging, which is the most material utilizing route over the others, benefited the most from the optimized heat treatment.
1H, 13C, 15N chemical shift assignments of SHP2 SH2 domains in complex with PD-1 immune-tyrosine motifs
Authors: Marasco Michelangelo , Kirkpatrick John P. , Carlomagno Teresa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInhibition of immune checkpoint receptor Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) via monoclonal antibodies is an established anticancer immunotherapeutic approach. This treatment has been largely successful; however, its high cost demands equally effective, more affordable alternatives. To date, the development of drugs targeting downstream players in the PD-1-dependent signaling pathway has been hampered by our poor understanding of the molecular details of the intermolecular interactions involved in the pathway. Activation of PD-1 leads to phosphorylation of two signaling motifs located in its cytoplasmic domain, the immune tyrosine inhibitory motif (ITIM) and immune tyrosine switch motif (ITSM), which recruit and activate protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. This interaction is mediated by the two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of SHP2, termed N-SH2 and C-SH2, which recognize phosphotyrosines pY223 and pY248 of ITIM and ITSM, respectively. SHP2 then propagates the inhibitory signal, ultimately leading to suppression of T cell functionality. In order to facilitate mechanistic structural studies of this signaling pathway, we report the resonance assignments of the complexes formed by the signaling motifs of PD-1 and the SH2 domains of SHP2.
Feasibility of the use of Lentinula edodes mycelium in terbinafine remediation
Authors: Kryczyk-Poprawa Agata , Piotrowska Joanna , Żmudzki Paweł , Opoka Włodzimierz , Muszyńska Bożena 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA detailed understanding of the fate of xenobiotics introduced into the environment and the mechanisms involved in their biotransformation, biodegradation, and biosorption is essential to improve the efficiency of remediation techniques. Mycoremediation is a form of bioremediation technique that has become increasingly popular in recent years as fungi are known to produce various effective extracellular enzymes that have the potential to neutralize a wide variety of xenobiotics released into the environment. Hence, mycoremediation appears to be a promising technique for the removal of a wide array of toxins and pharmaceutical residues from a damaged environment and wastewater. This study primarily aimed to investigate whether white-rot fungus (Lentinula edodes) can be utilized for the bioremediation of common antifungal agent terbinafine, which is mainly available in the market as powder or cream. The cultures of L. edodes were cultivated in the medium containing terbinafine powder or terbinafine 1% cream, each at a final concentration of 0.1 mg mL−1. The addition of terbinafine in powder form have a negative effect on biomass growth (p < 0.05). The total amount of terbinafine in the dry weight of mycelium after culture was estimated to be 7.63 ± 0.45 mg and 12.52 ± 2.46 mg for powder and cream samples, respectively. In addition, there were no traces of terbinafine in any of the samples of medium used for culturing L. edodes after the experimental duration period. The biodegradation products of terbinafine were identified for the first time using UPLC/MS/MS. The biodegradation of terbinafine resulted in the loss of 1-naphthylmethanol, which occurred via oxidative deamination, N-demethylation, or tert-butyl group hydroxylation. The results of the study demonstrate that L. edodes mycelium can be effectively used for the remediation of terbinafine.
Refining high-quality leaf protein and valuable co-products from green biomass of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) for sustainable protein supply
Authors: Kaszás László , Alshaal Tarek , Kovács Zoltán , Koroknai Judit , Elhawat Nevien , Nagy Éva , El-Ramady Hassan , Fári Miklós , Domokos-Szabolcsy Éva 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe present study evaluates the green biomass of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) as an alternative green protein. A leaf protein concentrate (LPC) was prepared from leafy shoots using biotechnological methods. Seven clones were compared to assess the importance of the genetic basis of JA, and alfalfa served as the control. The LPC content of JA was an average 39 g kg−1 of fresh biomass, while that of alfalfa was 32 g kg−1. The JA can produce up to 936 kg of protein ha−1 year−1 without fertilization under rainfed conditions. The crude protein content of the LPC varied from 24.2 to 31.4 m/m%, depending on clones and harvesting time, which was comparable to that of alfalfa LPC (~ 32.3%). The amino acid profile of the LPC of JA, particularly of the essential amino acids, was similar to alfalfa and soybean. In addition, our results confirmed that the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content varied between 64 and 68% in the LPC fraction, regardless of the clone that was used, with linoleic acid and linolenic acid being the predominant PUFAs. In addition, unlike alfalfa, the content of arachidonic acid was 0.5% in the JA LPC. The tuber yield was significantly reduced because of the repeated harvesting of the shoot parts; however, the tubers obtained were sufficient to regenerate the plantation in the subsequent year, thus ensuring the renewable ability and sustainability of the green biomass of JA.
Convergent numerical approximation of the stochastic total variation flow
Authors: Baňas L’ubomír , Röckner Michael , Wilke André 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study the stochastic total variation flow (STVF) equation with linear multiplicative noise. By considering a limit of a sequence of regularized stochastic gradient flows with respect to a regularization parameter$$\varepsilon $$εwe obtain the existence of a unique variational solution of the STVF equation which satisfies a stochastic variational inequality. We propose an energy preserving fully discrete finite element approximation for the regularized gradient flow equation and show that the numerical solution converges to the solution of the unregularized STVF equation. We perform numerical experiments to demonstrate the practicability of the proposed numerical approximation.