bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FIRST RECORD OF THE INCIDENCE OF THE COCONUT MITE, ACERIA (ERIOPHYES) GUERRERONIS KEIFER IN NIGERIA
Authors: C.I. Aisagbonhi  , R.V. Nair  , K.O. Kolade  
Published: May 2020

In continuation of the search for the causes of premature nutfall of coconut palms in Nigeria, samples of fresh fallen nuts were examined under the microscope. Coconut palms (Chowghot Dwarf green (Indian), Malayian Dwarf yellow and Malayian Dwarf orange were surveyed between May to August 2003. The button stage nuts and premature nuts that recently fell on the ground were picked and conveyed back to the laboratory. The perianth (calyx ends) of each nut were split opened and examined under the microscope for presence of mites. Aceria(Eriophyes)guerreronis population were assessed per nut. All three ecotypes examined were infested. Preliminary observations indicated a mean mite population of 187.94 + 17.92 per nut sampled.Mealybugs (Pseudococcus sp) and some unidentified mites were also observed. The role of these mites in the incidence of premature nutfall of coconut palms is discussed in this paper.
Microbiological properties of root zone of coconut grown in different soil series in Sri Lanka
Authors: K.S.K.S. Fernando  , N.A. Tennakoon  , S. Widanapathirana  
Published: May 2020

In Sri Lanka, coconut is cultivated under diverse soil conditions of varying fertility status available in different agro-climatic zones. Although chemical and physical characteristics in some of these soils are known, their biological properties are yet to be studied. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the microbiological parameters in root zone of coconut grown in different soil series. For this study, 20 different soil series in coconut growing area were analyzed for number of total bacterial and fungal colonies, identification of bacteria and fungi, biomass C and N; CO2 evolution and nitrogen mineralization.

The microbiological parameters varied with the soil series. The bacterial population densities were significantly (p=0.001) high in Ambakelle, Kalpitiya, Rathupasa and Madampe soil series while the fungal colonies were significantly (p=0.001) high in Thambarawa, Pallama, Wilatawa and Ambakelle soil series.
PRESENCE AND INOCULUM DENSITY OF Phytophthora IN DIFFERENT COCONUT CULTIVARS IN DAVAO RESEARCH CENTER (DRC)
Authors: N.C.S.J. Bachiller  
Published: May 2020

Presence of Phytophthora palmivora was both obtained in the soil samples and organic debris layed in leaf axil of coconut. Block planted to CAMT x MRD hybrid had the highest number of Phytophthora propagules (2.0). This was followed by CAMT (1.4) and KINGD (1.1). Aromatic and Catigan Green Dwarf had the least Phytopthora propagules collected.

Isolation of Phytophthora from the soil samples and organic debris from leaf axil was done thru dilution plate and baiting method respectively using six month old Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD) nuts. Highest infection (100%) on bait nuts was also obtained in CAMT x MRD hybrid 3.5 days after inoculation. Reisolation of Phytophthora from bait nuts gave positive results. Morphological characterization of the sporangium showed considerable variation in shapes and size.

More Phytophthora propagules was obtained in soil samples collected in areas previously planted with Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall (MAWA). Phytophthora palmivora is basically a soil borne pathogen but could easily be transported by wind and rainsplash, tent building ants and flying beetles,.
PHEROMONE SYNERGISTS AS CO-ATTRACTANT FOR OLFACTORY TRAPPING OF SCAPANES AUSTRALIS BSDV. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) PEST OF COCONUT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Titus Kakul  , Didier Rochat  , Jean Paul Morin  , P. Gende  , S. Embupa  , L. Ollivier  
Published: May 2020

Olfactory trapping of Scapanes australis is being studied to develop it to complement existing control methods. Components required were traps, pheromone and pheromone synergist. The first two have been developed while field trials carried out to determine an efficient synergist co-attractant is reported. Synthetic synergist mixtures of compounds emitted from fermenting sugarcane were tested in comparison to split stalk of garden grown sugarcane and split bulb of nursery coconut. Some of the mixtures produced synergistic effect similar to sugarcane but lower than split bulb of coconut. Placing live Scapanes adult inside the stalk of sugarcane increased catches similar to the split bulb of coconut. This will enable the formulation of an efficient tool of beetle control.
PRESENCE AND INOCULUM DENSITY OF Phytophthora IN, DIFFERENT COCONUT CULTIVARS IN DAVAO, PHILIPPINES
Authors: N.C.S.J. Bachiller  
Published: May 2020

Phytophthora palmivora was present in the soil samples and organic debris deposited in leaf axil of coconut. Block planted with CAMT x MRD hybrid had the highest number of Phytophthora propagules (2.0) followed by CAMT (1.4) and KINGD (1.1). Aromatic and Catigan Green Dwarf had the least Phytopthora propagules.
Isolation of Phytophthora from the soil samples and organic debris from leaf axil was done through dilution plate and baiting method respectively using six month old Malayan Red Dwarf (MRD) nuts. Highest infection (100%) on bait nuts was also obtained in CAMT x MRD hybrid 3.5 days after inoculation. Reisolation of Phytophthora from bait nuts gave positive results. Morphological characterization of the sporangium showed considerable variation in shapes and size.
More Phytophthora propagules was obtained in soil samples collected in areas previously planted with Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall (MAWA). Phytophthora palmivora is basically a soil borne pathogen but could easily be transported by wind and rainsplash, tent building ants and flying beetles.
Distribution and progression of stem bleeding disease of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in some areas of the Philippines
Authors: Nemesia C. San Juan  , Bachiller  , Reynaldo G. Abad  
Published: May 2020

Records of disease occurrence in surveyed provinces show Davao del Sur having the highest disease incidence of stem bleeding caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa (de Seynes) von Hohnel. Disease incidence in Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall (MYD x WAT) hybrid at the PCA’s Zamboanga Research Center was relatively lower than the other areas observed. Tall genotypes are less susceptible to the disease as shown in the province of Quezon where the cultivar Laguna Tall is predominantly grown. The incidence of stem bleeding was found to be related with palms age. More incidence of the disease was noted in palms between 11-15 years old.

Study on the spatial distribution of the disease from l991 to l995 show that the disease initially occurred in random foci, and, subsequently infected adjacent palms.

The disease progress curves suggest that stem bleeding follows a sigmoid curve. It follows that the progress of the disease at any given time is a function of the initial inoculums and the number of effective contact points between susceptible host and inoculums per unit time. Analysis of the infection rates using logistic growth model showed that the rate of disease increase ranged from 0.029 to 0.218 per unit per year and 0.227 per unit per year in all the six experimental areas.

Increase in disease incidence is directly related to high amount of rainfall.
Cryopreservation of mature coconut embryos by desiccation method
Authors: Anitha Karun  , K.K. Sajini  , V.A. Parthasarathy  
Published: May 2020

Mature embryos of West Coast Tall variety of coconut could be cryopreserved after desiccation pretreatments and retrieved into plantlets. The desiccation pretreatment and optimum duration for dehydration of zygotic embryos were standardized. The maximum retrieval of healthy plantlets was obtained from the embryos subjected to 18 hours silica gel or 24 hours laminar airflow desiccation pretreatment. Irreversible damage caused by desiccation to the death of the shoot meristem was noticed when the water content reduced to 20%.
Influence of integrated nutrient management and high density multi-species cropping system on soil properties, plant nutrition and yield in root (wilt) affected coconut palms
Authors: H.P. Maheswarappa  , P. Anitha Kumari  , P.G. Kamalakshiamma  , M. Shanavas  
Published: May 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (Regional Station), Kayamkulam, Kerala, India to study the effect of integrated nutrient management and high density multi-species cropping system in root (wilt) affected garden on root (wilt) index, yield of coconut palms and soil properties. The experimental results indicated that, there was improvement in soil properties like water holding capacity, organic carbon, major and micronutrient status of the soil due to adoption of integrated nutrient management practices and high density multi-species cropping system. There was improvement in the yield of the palms under different root (wilt) diseased palms coupled with reduction in root (wilt) indices due to reduction in root (wilt) symptoms especially yellowing. The increase in nut yield (five years average) was to the tune of 54.5%, 52%, 48.3% and 40.9% under apparently healthy, disease early, disease middle and disease advanced palms in comparison with pre-experimental yield.
Management of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier in the Gulf and Mediterranean region
Authors: C.P. Ramachandran  
Published: May 2020

The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is the most deadly and dangerous pest of coconut, date, oil, sago and other palms. R. ferrugineus is distributed in over 33 countries over a wide range of area under different agro-climatic conditions and attacks more than two dozen palm species. In the Middle East the weevil is the most destructive pest of the date palms. The hidden nature of the pest attack makes timely detection of the infestation and control measures difficult. The earlier reviews provide details of biology and control methods viz. phyto-sanitary and preventive, curative, biological, baiting and trapping etc. Different combinations of above mentioned control methods have also been tried with varying degrees of success. Results of two major IPM programmes carried out in the gulf countries, the first during 1993-1998 mainly based on chemical and pheromone trapping and the second from 1998-2002 using bio-agents and pheromone trapping are discussed. In Jordan valley intensive pheromone trapping and incorporation of systemic insecticide in irrigation water could not control the pest even after three years. Development of ecofriendly pest control strategies like hybrid sterility, incompatibility and disruption of tolerance to high temperatures in Gulf and Mediterranean regions is suggested to combat the pest.
Crop nutrition and fertilizer management of embryo-cultured seedlings of Makapuno and Laguna Tall coconuts with special reference to their response to different levels of NaCl and chicken manure
Authors: M.B. Areza-Ubaldo  , S.S. Magat  , E.P. Rillo  , M.I. Secretaria  
Published: May 2020

A two-year nursery study of embryo-cultured Laguna Tall (ECLAGT) and embryo-cultured Makapuno Tall (ECMAKT) coconut seedlings was conducted at the Philippine Coconut Authority - Albay Research Center, Guinobatan, Albay aimed to know the effects of applying different levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (common table salt) and chicken manure (CM) on the vegetative growth and leaf nutrient status of the seedlings. The soil used in the study is a volcanic ash- rich Guinobatan silt loam, classified as Entic Dystrandept soil subgroup (U.S. Soil Taxonomy/Classification).
EC seedlings with the application of NaCl at a total dose of 18-54 g/seedling and chicken manure at 250-750 g/seedling, applied within the 12-month nursery (at intervals of 2,4,6,8,10 months) significantly produced taller seedlings with bigger girth and more total living fronds than the unfertilized ECLAGT and ECMAKT seedlings. The levels of nutrient application (fertilization) on EC seedlings is clearly much lower than that of the average rates used in growing ordinary seedlings from seednuts, i.e. seedling with embryo attached to the whole nut in the nursery.
The better growth of ECLAGT and ECMAKT seedlings in terms of their girth, plant height and total living fronds produced was significantly associated with higher or very satisfactory levels of leaf N, P, K, Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, S, B, and Fe (leaf #4 of 12-month old EC seedlings).
The overall results clearly indicate the practical need to apply a combination of sodium chloride and dried chicken manure, even at moderate rates (total) of 18 g/seedling and 250 g/seedling respectively, divided equally during the 12-month nursery stage for normal growth and proper nutrition of EC seedlings. This recommended fertilization management practice should ensure healthy and good quality ECMAKT seedlings as planting materials.
Bayesian Approach for Determining Microlens System Properties with High-angular-resolution Follow-up Imaging
Authors: Koshimoto Naoki , Bennett David P. , Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We present the details of the Bayesian analysis of the planetary microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-227, whose excess flux is likely due to a source/lens companion or an unrelated ambient star, as well as of the assumed prior distributions. Furthermore, we apply this method to four reported planetary events, MOA-2008-BLG-310, MOA-2011-BLG-293, OGLE-2012-BLG-0527, and OGLE-2012-BLG-0950, where adaptive optics observations have detected excess flux at the source star positions. For events with small angular Einstein radii, our lens mass estimates are more uncertain than those of previous analyses, which assumed that the excess was due to the lens. Our predictions for MOA-2008-BLG-310 and OGLE-2012-BLG-0950 are consistent with recent results on these events obtained via Keck and Hubble Space Telescope observations when the source star is resolvable from the lens star. For events with small angular Einstein radii, we find that it is generally difficult to conclude whether the excess flux comes from the host star. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the lens star by measuring its proper motion relative to the source star to determine whether the excess flux comes from the lens star. Even without such measurements, our method can be used to statistically test the dependence of the planet-hosting probability on the stellar mass.
Photometry as a Proxy for Stellar Activity in Radial Velocity Analyses
Authors: Kosiarek Molly R. , Crossfield Ian J. M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Stellar activity remains a limiting factor in measuring precise planet parameters from radial velocity spectroscopy, not least in the search for Earth-mass planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars. One approach to mitigate stellar activity is to use combined analyses of both radial velocity and time-series photometry. We present an analysis of simultaneous disk-integrated photometry and radial velocity data of the Sun in order to determine the useful limits of a combined analysis. We find that simple periodogram or autocorrelation analysis of solar photometry give the correct rotation period <50% of the time. We therefore use a Gaussian process to investigate the time variability of solar photometry and to directly compare simultaneous photometry with radial velocity data. We find that the hyperparameter posteriors are relatively stable over 70 yr of solar photometry and the amplitude tracks the solar cycle. We observe good agreement between the hyperparameter posteriors for the simultaneous photometry and radial velocity data. Our primary conclusion is a recommendation to include an additional prior in Gaussian process fits to constrain the evolutionary timescale to be greater than the recurrence timescale (i.e., the rotation period) to recover more physically plausible and useful results. Our results indicate that such simultaneous monitoring may be a useful tool in enhancing the precision of radial velocity surveys.
Tidal Deformations of Hybrid Stars with Sharp Phase Transitions and Elastic Crusts
Authors: Pereira Jonas P. , Bejger Michał , Andersson Nils , Gittins Fabian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Gravitational wave astronomy is expected to provide independent constraints on neutron-star properties, such as their equation of state. This is possible with the measurements of binary components’ tidal deformability, which alter the point-particle gravitational waveforms of neutron-star binaries. Here, we provide a first study of the tidal deformability effects due to the elasticity/solidity of the crust (hadronic phase) in a hybrid neutron star, as well as the influence of a quark-hadronic phase density jump on tidal deformations. We employ the framework of non-radial perturbations with zero frequency and study hadronic phases presenting elastic aspects when perturbed (with the shear modulus approximately 1% of the pressure). We find that the relative tidal deformation change in a hybrid star with a perfect-fluid quark phase and a hadronic phase presenting an elastic part is never larger than about 2%–4% (with respect to a perfect-fluid counterpart). These maximum changes occur when the elastic region of a hybrid star is larger than approximately 60% of the star’s radius, which may happen when its quark phase is small and the density jump is large enough, or even when a hybrid star has an elastic mixed phase. For other cases, tidal deformation changes due to an elastic crust are negligible (

) and, therefore, unlikely to be measured even with third generation detectors. Thus, only when the size of the elastic hadronic region of a hybrid star is over half of its radius, could the effects of elasticity have a noticeable impact on tidal deformations.
The Variability of Star Formation Rate in Galaxies. II. Power Spectrum Distribution on the Main Sequence
Authors: Wang Enci , Lilly Simon J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We constrain the temporal power spectrum of the specific star formation rate of star-forming galaxies, using a well-defined sample of main sequence galaxies from MaNGA and our earlier measurements of the ratio of the star formation rate averaged within the last 5 Myr to that averaged over the last 800 Myr. We explore the assumptions of stationarity and ergodicity that are implicit in this approach. We assume a single power-law form of the power spectrum distribution (PSD) but introduce an additional free parameter, the “intrinsic scatter”, to try to account for any non-ergodicity introduced from various sources. We analyze both an “integrated” sample consisting of global measurements of all of the galaxies, as well as 25 subsamples obtained by considering five radial regions and five bins of integrated stellar mass. Assuming that any intrinsic scatter is not the dominant contribution to the main sequence dispersion of galaxies, we find that the PSDs have slopes between 1.0 and 2.0, indicating that the power (per log interval of frequency) is mostly contributed by longer-timescale variations. We find a correlation between the returned PSDs and the inferred gas depletion times (

) obtained from application of the extended Schmidt Law, such that regions with shorter gas depletion times show larger integrated power and flatter PSD. Intriguingly, it is found that shifting the PSDs by the inferred

causes all 25 PSDs to closely overlap, at least in the region where the PSD is best constrained and least affected by uncertainties about any intrinsic scatter. A possible explanation for these results is the dynamical response of the gas-regulator system of Lilly et al. to a uniform time-varying inflow, as previously proposed in Wang et al.
A Possible Transit of a Disintegrating Exoplanet in the Nearby Multiplanet System DMPP-1
Authors: Jones Mark H. , Haswell Carole A. , Barnes John R. , Staab Daniel , Heller René 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We analyze TESS photometry of DMPP-1 (HD 38677; TIC 66560666), a nearby F8V star hosting hot super-Earth planets and a warm Neptune. Using the Transit Least Squares algorithm and other methods we find a transit signal at

days with depth

ppm and false alarm probability 1.6%. This is shallower than hitherto published TESS discoveries. The 3.285 day signal is recovered for several, but not all, methods for detrending stellar astrophysical variability. Further observations are needed to improve the significance of the detection. If this transit were due to an Earth-like rocky planet it would have been detected in the RV data, but it is not. The TESS data cover seven individual transits, one of which is consistent with zero depth. The insolation of the putative planet is 990 S
⊕, typical of fluxes experienced by the three known catastrophically disintegrating exoplanets (CDEs). The transits can be self-consistently attributed to a CDE with a mass below the RV detection threshold. We searched for transits of the known RV planets, finding null results and detection thresholds of <100 ppm, which we quantify for each. The DMPP-1 planetary system was discovered as a consequence of circumstellar gas attributed to ablation of hot planets. The RV planets may have been ablated to near-pure iron cores. We place limits on the orbital inclinations of the RV planets where the expected transit depth exceeds the detection threshold. If the 3.2854 day transit detection is confirmed, e.g., with CHEOPS photometry, DMPP-1 would be a first-rate target for James Webb Space Telescope spectroscopy.
Merging Black Holes in the Low-mass and High-mass Gaps from 2 + 2 Quadruple Systems
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The origin of the black hole (BH) binary mergers observed by LIGO-Virgo is still uncertain, as are the boundaries of the stellar BH mass function. Stellar evolution models predict a dearth of BHs both at masses ≳50

and ≲5

, thus leaving low- and high-mass gaps in the BH mass function. A natural way to form BHs of these masses is through mergers of neutron stars (NSs; for the low-mass gap) or lower-mass BHs (for the high-mass gap); the low- or high-mass-gap BH produced as a merger product can then be detected by LIGO-Virgo if it merges again with a new companion. We show that the evolution of a 2 + 2 quadruple system can naturally lead to BH mergers with component masses in the low- or high-mass gaps. In our scenario, the BH in the mass gap originates from the merger of two NSs, or two BHs, in one of the two binaries and the merger product is imparted a recoil kick (from anisotropic gravitational wave emission), which triggers its interaction with the other binary component of the quadruple system. The outcome of this three-body interaction is usually a new eccentric compact binary containing the BH in the mass gap, which can then merge again. The merger rate is ∼10−7–10−2 Gpc−3 yr−1 and ∼10−3–10−2 Gpc−3 yr−1 for BHs in the low-mass and high-mass gap, respectively. As the sensitivity of gravitational wave detectors improves, tighter constraints will soon be placed on the stellar BH mass function.
Arhgap25 Deficiency Leads to Decreased Numbers of Peripheral Blood B Cells and Defective Germinal Center Reactions
Authors: Lindner Silke E , Egelston Colt A , Huard Stephanie M , Lee Peter P , Wang Leo D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rho family GTPases are critical for normal B cell development and function, and their activity is regulated by a large and complex network of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). However, the role of GAPs in B cell development is poorly understood. In this study, we show that the novel Rac-GAP ARHGAP25 is important for B cell development in mice in a CXCR4-dependent manner. We show that Arhgap25 deficiency in mice leads to a significant decrease in peripheral blood B cell numbers as well as defects in mature B cell differentiation. Arhgap25−/− B cells respond to Ag stimulation in vitro and in vivo but have impaired germinal center formation and decreased IgG1 class switching. Additionally, Arhgap25−/− B cells show evidence of increased baseline motility and augmented chemotaxis to CXCL12. Taken together, these studies demonstrate an important role for Arhgap25 in peripheral B cell development and Ag response.