bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Luchas de auto-afirmación disciplinar en la universidad francesa de la Tercera República: el debate Simiand-Seignobos
Authors: Domínguez González David J. 
Published: January 2020

En este artículo revisaremos el clásico debate que enfrentó a Simiand y Seignobos en la primera década del siglo XX. Por lo general, la imagen oficial del asunto retiene sólo el aspecto epistemológico de la disputa. Se recuerda a esta última por la crítica de Simiand a los determinismos implícitos (ídolo político, individual, cronológico) en el método de los historiadores. Lo que se propone, sin embargo, en este texto es un cambio de mirada en la comprensión de esta disputa intelectual. Lejos de agotar el interés en la confrontación sobre las prácticas científicas normales, se procederá a insertar la disputa en el marco de una lucha más amplia que opone dos candidaturas (sociología e historia) a la hegemonía de las ciencias humanas de la universidad francesa. Para ello es preciso analizar qué margen de cobertura institucional detentaba en ese momento la disciplina histórica y la sociología en el marco de la enseñanza superior republicana. Por último, se reflexiona sobre la falta de simetría que caracterizó a la relación entre ambas disciplinas, para concluir que tal disparidad quizá sea la causa del semifracaso del ataque durkheimiano frente a los historiadores. In this article we will review the classic(well-known/traditional) debate faced by Simiand and Seignobos in the first decade of the 20th century. Generally, the epistemological aspect of the dispute is considered the main matter at stake. The debate is usually remembered due to Simiand’s critique on the implicit determinisms (political, individual, chronological idol) in the historians’s method. Nevertheless, the purpose of this article is to suggest a change of look in understanding this intellectual dispute. Far from exhausting the discussion on normal scientific practices’ confrontation, the dispute will be studied within the framework of a broader struggle in which two candidatures (sociology and history) strives for the hegemony of the human sciences of the French university. To that end, it is necessary to analyze which institutional spaces were respectively filled by the historical and by the sociological discipline within the framework of the republican higher education. Finally, we will reflect on the lack of symmetry that characterized the relationship between both disciplines, to conclude that such disparity may be the cause of the semi-failure of the Durkheimian attack against the historians.
Exploring Adherence to First-Line and Second-Line Immunotherapies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Pust Gesa E.A. , Untiedt Benthe , Randerath Jennifer , Barabasch Anna , Köpke Sascha , Rahn Anne C. , Hansen Hilke , Heesen Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground:Treatment adherence is fundamental in multiple sclerosis (MS) management. Adherence rates vary significantly between studies, ranging from 30% to almost 90%, depending on assessment method and medication type. This study aimed to identify patient-related categories associated with treatment modification or discontinuation in people with MS receiving either first- or second-line treatment.Methods:Semistructured interviews were performed with 23 people with MS: 11 receiving first-line treatment and 12 receiving second-line treatment. Medication history, experiences with previous medications, decision-making processes regarding immunotherapy, adherence behavior, and reasons for adherence/nonadherence were explored using open-ended questions. Qualitative content analysis was performed using a combined deductive-inductive approach in building a coding frame. Differences in coding frequencies were compared between the two groups and analyzed quantitatively. Cohen’s kappas of 0.76 for people with MS receiving first-line treatment and 0.64 for the second-line sample were achieved between the two coders.Results:One key reason for nonadherence reported by first-line–treated people with MS was burdensome side effects, and for adherence was belief in medication effectiveness. In people with MS receiving second-line treatment, lack of perceived medication effectiveness was a key category related to changes in or discontinuation of immunotherapy. Reasons for adherence were positive illness beliefs/perceptions and belief in highly active disease. Intentional nonadherence was a major issue for first-line treatment and less relevant for second-line treatment.Conclusions:These results indicate specific differences in factors mitigating adherence in people with MS receiving first- and second-line treatment.
The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the transcriptome of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) knock-down porcine granulosa cells
Authors: Ruszkowska Monika , Sadowska Agnieszka , Nynca Anna , Orlowska Karina , Swigonska Sylwia , Molcan Tomasz , Paukszto Lukasz , Jastrzebski Jan P. , Ciereszko Renata E. 
Published: January 2020

Background2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic man-made chemical, adversely affecting reproductive processes. The well-characterized canonical mechanism of TCDD action involves the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, but AhR-independent mechanisms were also suggested. By applying RNA interference technology and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) we aimed to identify genes involved in the mechanism of TCDD action in AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells.MethodsPorcine granulosa cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting mRNA of AhR. After transfection, medium was exchanged and the AhR knock-down cells were treated with TCDD (100 nM) for 3, 12 or 24 h, total cellular RNA was isolated and designated for NGS. Following sequencing, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. To analyze functions and establish possible interactions of DEGs, the Gene Ontology (GO) database and the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database were used, respectively.ResultsThe AhR gene expression level and protein abundance were significantly decreased after AhR-targeted siRNAs transfection of the cells. In TCDD-treated AhR knock-down cells we identified 360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs;P-adjusted < 0.05 and log2 fold change [log2FC] ≥ 1.0). The functional enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that TCDD influenced the expression of genes involved, among other, in the metabolism of vitamin A, follicular development and oocyte maturation, proliferation and differentiation as well as inflammation, stress response, apoptosis and oncogenesis. The three-time point study demonstrated that TCDD-induced changes in the transcriptome of AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells were especially pronounced during the early stages of the treatment (3 h).ConclusionsTCDD affected the transcriptome of AhR knock-down porcine granulosa cells. The molecules involved in the AhR-independent action of TCDD were indicated in the study. The obtained data contribute to better understanding of molecular processes induced by xenobiotics in the ovary.
Handling and Hygiene Practices of Food Vendors in Rivers State University and Its Environment
Authors: Eke-Ejiofor J. , A. Beleya E. , D. Ezeonyeasi O. 
Published: January 2020

The study assessed handling hygiene practices of food vendors in Rivers State University and its environment. A survey research design was adopted for the study while the population consisted of food vendors who prepare and sell ready-to-eat foods in the study area. Snowball sampling technique was used for the study and a total of thirty food vendors constituted the sample size for the study. A self-assessment form was used for data collection and data analyzed with frequency, percentages and Pearson’s correlation. The result showed that majority of the food vendors had no access to portable water and the operating environment untidy. Most (60%) of the food vendors appeared clean and 70% of them use personal protective clothing while 70% and 97% of them handled foods and money with bare hands while serving food. Storage of cooked food was properly kept in covered containers by 70% of the vendors while 60% of the vendors did not separate raw and cooked foods. Seventy seven (77) percent of vendors did not keep cold foods in refrigerators or ice boxes as to maintain the temperature of the food. Only 40% of the food vendors covered unused utensils while 57% of them did not clean utensils properly after use. The study found out that all the food vendors washed utensils with cold soapy water and 90% of the vendors re-used water for washing utensils.
Adrenaline and Dexamethasone, vs Adrenaline and Fluticasone, vs Adrenaline alone in Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: R. Gohil Jayendra , Sheladiya Atul M. , Adithya N. B. , Bhojak Ratna D. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Objectives: There is no consensus over which drug best reduces symptoms in Bronchiolitis syndrome. The primary objective of our study is to establish comparative effect of adrenaline nebulisation alone and combination of adrenaline nebulisation plus injectable dexamethasone and adrenaline nebulisation plus fluticasone nebulisation in the treatment of clinical cases of bronchiolitis.
Methods: 100 patients diagnosed clinically as bronchiolitis were enrolled in study from 1 month to 24 months of age. Patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. Patients with respiratory distress assessment instrument score [RDAI] of 4 to 15 were chosen, randomized into three groups and treatment given till patient fullfilled discharge criteria. Group A (n=33) were given nebulised adrenaline alone, Group B (n=34) were given nebulised adrenaline plus injectable dexamethasone and Group C (n=33) were given nebulised adrenaline plus nebulised fluticasone.
Results: The mean reduction in clinical severity-RDAI score was 1.75 ±0.86 in Group A, 2.30 ± 0.68 in Group B and 1.42 ± 0.9 in Group C when measured in terms of difference in clinical scores between day 1 and 2 (p=0.0003).
Mean duration of hospital stay in the group A was (4.93±1.95 days), Group C (4.78±1.83) and Group B (3.91 ±1.37 days). The difference of stay between the Groups A and B was 1.02±0.58 days vs 0.87± 0.46 days in groups B and C (p-0.0048). Reduction in the length of hospital stay in group B was 22% compared to Group A & 19% compared to Group C (p-0.0048).
Side effects were tachycardia in six patients.
Conclusion: Combination of adrenaline nebulization and injectable dexamethasone was found significantly better as compared to nebulised adrenaline plus nebulised fluticasone and nebulised adrenaline alone in patients of clinical bronchiolitis in reducing severity of clinical symptoms and duration of hospitalization.
Somatics Symptoms and Depression: A Review
Authors: Herrera-Estrella M. , Izar E. , Luna K. , Cuellar-García M. 
Published: January 2020

Aims: The objective of this review has been to highlight the importance of non-specific and painful symptoms of depression since sometimes the person does not notice or is not able to talk about their emotional symptoms. This leads us to refine the search for symptoms that can mask depression and not be treated properly. This is important as it is predicted that by 2020 depression will be the leading cause of disability in the world.
Method: We review some articles that relate depression to painful symptoms.
Results: Patients with the major depressive disorder may present, as initial complaints, multiple somatic complaints, nonspecific and especially pain, which complicates their diagnosis and sometimes leads them to not receive treatment for depression, complicating its evolution and deteriorating the quality of life.
Conclusion: Depression can have many forms of presentation, people can complain of multiple non-specific symptoms, which do not allow a diagnosis of medical disease so it will be necessary to look for affective symptoms, investigate factors that trigger their condition to achieve an adequate diagnosis, provide the indicated medication and allow them a better quality of life.
The Effect of Nursing Communication Skills Training on Satisfaction of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Salmani Zahra , Shiri Hossein , Mofrad Malahat Nikravan , Nasiri Malihe 
Published: January 2020

Background: Communication skills of nurses include two important verbal and non-verbal communication dimensions and have of great importance in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing communication skills training on satisfaction of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: This quasi-experimental (pretest and posttest design) was carried out on 64 nurses working in the dialysis ward and 90 hemodialysis patients in the hospitals affiliated with Alborz University of Medical Sciences. In this study, nurses and patients were selected by convenience and randomized sampling methods, respectively. In this regard, subjects were selected from the hemodialysis wards of Bahonar, Rajaei and Shariati hospitals in Karaj.
Results: Most nurses were female (76.7%) and the age range of the participants was 23-54 years. Nurses achieved a high score in all dimensions of communication skills and a high total score of communication skills after the intervention, and none of them obtained a low score. There was a significant increase in nurses' communication skills after the intervention, compared to before the intervention (106.98±4.18 and 117.97±3.35) (P<0.001). Moreover, the results showed a significant change in nurses’ perception after the intervention in various dimensions of communication skills, such as ability to receive and send messages, emotional control, listening skills, nurses' insight into the communication process and assertive communication skills, compared to before the intervention (66.90±5.15 and 95.62±5.34) (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Studying communication skills in the form of educational workshops could increase these skills in nurses and clinical personnel in general. More importantly, improved communication skills in nurses could increase patient satisfaction, which is the ultimate goal of healthcare centers.
Deciphering tissue‐based proteome signatures revealed novel subtyping and prognostic markers for thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Ku Xin , Sun Qiangling , Zhu Lei , Gu Zhitao , Han Yuchen , Xu Ning , Meng Chen , Yang Xiaohua , Yan Wei , Fang Wentao 
Published: January 2020

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) belong to a group of tumors that rarely occur, but have unresolved mechanisms and heterogeneous clinical behaviors. Current care of TET patients demands biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity for accurate histological classification and prognosis management. In this study, 134 fresh‐frozen tissue samples (84 tumor, 40 tumor adjacent, and 10 normal thymus) were recruited to generate a quantitative and systematic view of proteomic landscape of TETs. Among them, 90 samples were analyzed by data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) leading to discovery of novel classifying molecules among different TET subtypes. The correlation between clinical outcome and the identified molecules was probed, and the prioritized proteins of interest were further validated on the remaining samples (n = 44) via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) as well as immunohistochemical and confocal imaging analysis. In particular, two proteins, the cellular mRNA deadenylase CCR4 (carbon catabolite repressor 4)‐NOT (negative on TATA) complex subunit 2/9 (CNOT2/9) and the serine hydroxymethyltransferase that catalyzes the reversible interconversions of serine and glycine (SHMT1), were found at dramatic low levels in the thymic epithelia of more malignant subtype, thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Interestingly, the mRNA levels of these two genes were shown to be closely correlated with prognosis of the TET patients. These results extended the existing human tissue proteome atlas and allowed us to identify several new protein classifiers for TET subtyping. Newly identified subtyping and prognosis markers, CNOT2/9 and SHMT1, will expand current diagnostic arsenal in terms of higher specificity and prognostic insights for TET diagnosis and management.
The First Detection of Koi Herpesvirus (CyHV3) in Migratory Wild Ducks in North America
Authors: Torres-Meza O. A. , Loza-Rubio E. , Martínez-Maya J. J. , García-Espinosa G. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A viromics study on the intestinal contents of migratory wild ducks of the genera Anas, Mareca, Spatula, and Oxyura during their winter stay in Mexico showed the presence of the virus family Alloherpesviridae. The genus Cyprinivirus is part of this family and includes cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV3). This is the etiological agent of the lethal disease known as koi herpesvirosis, which affects different strains of Common Carp Cyrprinus carpio. In this study, samples of the contents of 87 wild duck intestines were analyzed by endpoint PCR, of which 7 samples were positive for the amplification of the TK gene fragment corresponding to CyHV3. These results contribute to the knowledge about the spread of this virus to other species of aquatic animals in areas where fish and ducks coexist.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy and transplantation: remyelination, no cross‐correction
Authors: Wolf Nicole I. , Breur Marjolein , Plug Bonnie , Beerepoot Shanice , Westerveld Aimee S. R. , van Rappard Diane F. , de Vries Sharon I. , Kole Maarten H. P. , Vanderver Adeline , van der Knaap Marjo S. , Lindemans Caroline A. , van Hasselt Peter M. , Boelens Jaap J. , Matzner Ulrich , Gieselmann Volkmar , Bugiani Marianna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn metachromatic leukodystrophy, a lysosomal storage disorder due to decreased arylsulfatase A activity, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may stop brain demyelination and allow remyelination, thereby halting white matter degeneration. This is the first study to define the effects and therapeutic mechanisms of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on brain tissue of transplanted metachromatic leukodystrophy patients.MethodsAutopsy brain tissue was obtained from eight (two transplanted and six nontransplanted) metachromatic leukodystrophy patients, and two age‐matched controls. We examined the presence of donor cells by immunohistochemistry and microscopy. In addition, we assessed myelin content, oligodendrocyte numbers, and macrophage phenotypes. An unpaired t‐test, linear regression or the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U‐test was performed to evaluate differences between the transplanted, nontransplanted, and control group.ResultsIn brain tissue of transplanted patients, we found metabolically competent donor macrophages expressing arylsulfatase A distributed throughout the entire white matter. Compared to nontransplanted patients, these macrophages preferentially expressed markers of alternatively activated, anti‐inflammatory cells that may support oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation. Additionally, transplanted patients showed higher numbers of oligodendrocytes and evidence for remyelination. Contrary to the current hypothesis on therapeutic mechanism of hematopoietic cell transplantation in metachromatic leukodystrophy, we detected no enzymatic cross‐correction to resident astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.InterpretationIn conclusion, donor macrophages are able to digest accumulated sulfatides and may play a neuroprotective role for resident oligodendrocytes, thereby enabling remyelination, albeit without evidence of cross‐correction of oligo‐ and astroglia. These results emphasize the importance of immunomodulation in addition to the metabolic correction, which might be exploited for improved outcomes.
Nanoscale Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Synthesis, Biocompatibility, Imaging Applications, and Thermal and Dynamic Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Li Shimei , Tan Longfei , Meng Xianwei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNanoscale metal‐organic frameworks (NMOFs) have attracted increasing attention for biomedical applications due to their large specific surface area, good biocompatibility, adjustable structures, and diverse functions. By choosing appropriate metal ions and ligands, NMOFs can be synthesized and regulated to assist the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, acting as imaging agents, drug carriers, and cancer therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the recent advances of NMOFs in synthesis, biocompatibility, imaging, and applications in cancer therapies. Among these, the term “biocompatibility” is used to outline their various biological characteristics, and it is mainly discussed from the aspects of size and surface properties of NMOFs. The imaging section mainly emphasizes the application advantages of NMOFs as imaging agents in magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and fluorescence imaging. The applications of NMOFs in four cancer therapies, including phototherapy, radiotherapy, microwave therapy, and ultrasonic therapy, are addressed, especially for thermal and dynamic therapy. Finally, the prospects and challenges of NMOFs in imaging and cancer therapies are also discussed.
Programmed Multiresponsive Hydrogel Assemblies with Light‐Tunable Mechanical Properties, Actuation, and Fluorescence
Authors: Lu Dongdong , Zhu Mingning , Wu Shanglin , Lian Qing , Wang Wenkai , Adlam Daman , Hoyland Judith A. , Saunders Brian R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFabrication strategies for programmed hydrogels that provide precise spatial control with predetermined responses to external stimuli are highly desirable. In this study, a partially reversible light‐driven assembly (PRLDA) method is introduced to construct multiresponsive hydrogels utilizing microgel (MG) particle building blocks (swollen diameter of 107 nm). No other material is required to prepare the gels beyond the MGs themselves. Facile preparation of multiresponsive hydrogels that are reversibly responsive to light, pH, and temperature using phototriggered covalent interlinking of coumarin‐based MGs is demonstrated. The gels have phototuneable moduli and swelling ratios and show light‐assisted healing and reshaping. Remarkably, the intrinsic fluorescence of the gels undergoes a reversible light‐triggered wavelength‐shift. The emission peak blueshifted from 420 to 390 nm upon irradiation with 365 nm light. The PRLDA gels can be constructed using either positive or negative photopatterning. It is shown that the gels can be exploited for multiresponsive cytocompatible actuators, grippers, and ON/OFF circuit components as well as anticounterfeit gels. The PRLDA method provides new insight into programmed gel property control and has excellent potential for biomaterial and optoelectronic applications.