bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Poverty Measurement, Epistemic Injustices and Social Activism
Authors: Beck Valentin , Hahn Henning , Lepenies Robert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs we enter the 2020s, global poverty is still a grave and persistent problem. Alleviating and eradicating poverty within and across the world’s societies requires a thorough understanding of its nature and extent. Although economists still standardly measure absolute and relative poverty in monetary terms, a consensus is emerging that poverty is a socially relational problem involving deprivations in multiple dimensions, including health, standard of living, education and political participation. The anthology Dimensions of Poverty advances the interdisciplinary debate on multidimensional poverty, and features contributions from leading international experts and early career researchers (including from the Global South). This introductory chapter gives an overview of formative debates, central concepts and key findings. While monetary poverty measures are still dominant in public and academic debate, their explanatory power has been drawn into question. We discuss relevant criticisms before outlining the normative concepts that can inform both multidimensional poverty and monetary measures, including basic capabilities, basic needs and social primary goods. Next, we introduce several influential multidimensional poverty indices, including the Human Development Index and the Multidimensional Poverty Index. The anthology shows in detail how such measures can be improved, from a variety of disciplinary perspectives. It shows that there are different methods of poverty research that require further investigation, including participatory studies, (value) surveys, public consensus building, the constitutional approach, and financial diaries. Finally, we show that there is an ongoing problem of epistemic asymmetries in global poverty research, and discuss responsibility for addressing poverty, including the responsibilities of academics. The remainder of the chapter is dedicated to a more detailed preview of the volume’s 20 contributions, which are assembled along the following five themes: (I) poverty as a social relation; (II) epistemic injustices in poverty research; (III) the social context of poverty; (IV) measuring multidimensional poverty; and (V) country cases.
History Education in Japan: An Account of Domestic Policy Controversies Over the Past War
Authors: Shibata Masako 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter deals with a number of important themes of history education, including perceptions of the nation, the notions of collective memory, state policy for education and the interrelationships of these themes. Within this thematic framework, it looks at controversies over the policies of the Ministry of Education for history education in Japan regarding the Battle of Okinawa (March–June 1945) in World War II (WWII), in which the war-time Japanese are remembered as both aggressors and victims. It also explores the geneses of the controversies, trailing the political and social positioning of Okinawa in the process of Japan becoming a modern state from the late nineteenth century.
Revisiting the Fabrications of PISA
Authors: Carvalho Luís Miguel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSince the beginning of the current century, the acronym PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) seems to pervade the multiple contexts where the education systems and their governing are subjected to debate. The presence of this Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) international large-scale assessment in national spaces has diverse manifestations, such as supporting “analyses and rationales” for the discussion of specific issues, or being used as a “source” for secondary studies or as “learning opportunity” for the development of accountability policies (Lawn and Grek 2012). So far, PISA became a central element of a universe of knowledge, which, paraphrasing Lindblad and Popkewitz (2004: xx–xxi), ensures that expert-based education policies can lead each nation into the so-called knowledge society. The chapter addresses this umbilical relation between governing and expert knowledge by examining the meanings and processes that sustain PISA contemporary status of indispensable resource for the imagination and scrutiny of educational issues and policies.Based on the revision of a previous article on the organizational and cognitive dimensions of PISA (Carvalho. Eur Educ Res J 11(2):172–188, 2012), and on the posterior works on the uses of PISA in national and supranational contexts (Carvalho and Costa. Discour Stud Cult Polit Educ 36(5):638–646, 2015; Carvalho and Costa. A European politics of education? Routledge, London, 53–72, 2016; Carvalho et al. Eur J Educ 52(2):154–166, 2017) and on the intensification and sophistication of PISA’s association with the policy processes (Carvalho. Organized—and organizing—mutual surveillance. Plenary presentation at the Seminar “Education governance and international assessments”, ESRC series on ‘The Potentials, Politics and Practices of International Assessments. University of Edinburgh, 2014; Carvalho. Educação & Sociedade 37(136): 669–683, 2016), the chapter focuses on the fabrications, that is the fictions and the making (Popkewitz. Educational knowledge. State University of New York Press, Albany, 3–27, 2000a, Popkewitz. Educational Researcher 29(1):17–29, 2000b) that support the projection of PISA as a central element for thinking-acting education policies.
A Comparativistic Narrative of Expertise: International Large-Scale Assessments as the Encyclopaedia of Educational Knowledge
Authors: Pettersson Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, Lyotard’s notion serves as an intellectual framing of how a specific reasoning (cf. Hacking, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 23(1):1–20, 1992a) develops within the educational sciences that eventually leads to the construction of international large-scale assessments (ILSA) and how this reasoning gains legitimacy within both science and policy embedded in a larger societal frame of meritocracy. To this end, this chapter historicizes some of the historical trajectories facilitating the construction of the first truly comparative assessment based on a positivistic inspired aggregation of numbered data. This first IEA (the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement) study was eventually followed by a multitude of different ILSA. In this, special attention is given to five important trajectories necessary for ILSA to occupy their present role in today’s meritocratic system: (1) how the scientific revolution changed and framed epistemological beliefs, (2) how the role of experts and expertism (Popkewitz, Paradigm and ideology in educational research, London and New York, 1984) changed, (3) how the introduction of statistics facilitated new ways of demonstrating the world and ‘reality’, (4) how the long-forgotten work by the French empiricist Marc-Antoine Jullien was used for a longer and legitimate history of a special branch of comparative education and (5) how the governing of matter and minds has changed over time. All these trajectories are important for an understanding of how ILSA became intelligible in a meritocratic context.
Educational Technology as School Reform: Using Actor-Network Theory to Understand Recent Latin American Educational Policies
Authors: Dussel Inés 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLatin America has experienced, in the last 10 years, a wave of massive programs of educational technology that were framed as global strategies for school reform. I would like to problematize the opposition between digital media and schooling and look at how they become connected in the reform network that is taking place in these technology-driven reform programs. My approach is grounded on Actor-Network-Theory, a historical and political sociology of educational reform, and an anthropological and materialist view of local practices. In this chapter, I analyze the rhetoric and the strategies of one-netbook-per-child national programs in Latin America, particularly of Conectar Igualdad from Argentina, using documental sources and data records from fieldwork in schools. I study these programs as networks that bring new actors and dynamics into educational systems, and on new discursive configurations around educational change that are simultaneously global and local, imbued with particular inflections and orientations.
Education Governance and School Autonomy: The Progressive Reform of K–12 School in China
Authors: Fan Guorui , Zhang Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEducation governance and school autonomy are a pair of mutually linked concepts that have involved various relationships, including the relationship between schools and the government and society and the complex relationship between the schools’ administration (including the school leaders, teachers, and other staff) and the students and even their parents. The essence of education governance is to build a modern school system that operates in compliance with the law, with autonomy, and under democratic supervision and engages other stakeholders in the society. At the core of the concept lies two goals: the first is to free schools from their overdependence on the government and to achieve autonomy; the second is to gradually realize shared governance that involves the full involvement of stakeholders such as teachers, students, and parents, as well as professional educational organizations, and consequently to highlight the agency of schools, increase the level of professionalism in their operations, and better meet the students’ educational needs and facilitate their development (Chu 2004: 63).
The Modernization of Higher Education
Authors: Sui Yifan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2015, Education 2030: Incheon Declaration stipulated a new comprehensive goal of ensuring quality education that is inclusive and equitable for all and life-long learning opportunity by 2030. The following Framework of Education 2030 reiterated this vision, suggesting ten specific goals and strategies for action (UNESCO 2015). In response, China’s Position Paper on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda issued by the Chinese government in 2016 proposed to “deepen the progress of modernizing education” (Pan and Li 2016).
Japanese Educational Policy and the Curriculum of Holistic Development
Authors: Tsuneyoshi Ryoko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJapanese primary and secondary education, alongside their counterparts in other East Asian societies, is often cited as high-achieving (OECD 2010). It has continued to show strong results in international tests such as IEA’s Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD’s) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) in strategic areas, and Japan-originated educational models have been emulated abroad, the most famous being the Japanese model of “lesson study” (jyugyo kenkyu). Lesson study is seen as a bottom-up method of teacher learning in which teachers open up their lessons to others, and teacher discussion is held on how to understand and improve the learning of students. Lesson study now has its worldwide organization and is practiced in various forms in many countries.
Simple dietary advice targeting five urinary parameters reduces urinary supersaturation in idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers
Authors: Sromicki Juri , Hess Bernhard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong 208 kidney stone patients referred within 2 years, 75 patients (66 men, nine women) with truly idiopathic calcium oxalate stones (ICSF) were recruited. Dietary advice (DA) aimed at (1) urine dilution, (2) reduced crystallization promotion (lowering oxalate), and (3) increased crystallization inhibition (increasing citrate). We recommended higher intakes of fluid and calcium with meals/snacks (reducing intestinal oxalate absorption) as well as increased alkali and reduced meat protein (acid) for increasing urinary citrate. The intended effects of DA were elevations in urine volume, calcium (U-Ca) and citrate (U-Cit) as well as reductions in oxalate (U-Ox) and uric acid (U-UA). We retrospectively calculated an adherence score (AS), awarding + 1 point for parameters altered in the intended direction and − 1 point for opposite changes. Calcium oxalate supersaturation (CaOx-SS) was calculated using Tiselius’ AP(CaOx) index EQ. DA induced changes (all p < 0.0001) in urine volume (2057 ± 79 vs. 2573 ± 71 ml/day) and U-Ca (5.49 ± 0.24 vs. 7.98 ± 0.38 mmol/day) as well as in U-Ox (0.34 ± 0.01 vs. 0.26 ± 0.01 mmol/day) and U-UA (3.48 ± 0.12 vs. 3.13 ± 0.10 mmol/day). U-Cit only tendentially increased (3.07 ± 0.17 vs. 3.36 ± 0.23 mmol/day, p = 0.06). DA induced a 21.5% drop in AP(CaOx) index, from 0.93 ± 0.05 to 0.73 ± 0.05 (p = 0.0005). Decreases in CaOx-SS correlated with AS (R = 0.448, p < 0.0005), and highest AS (+ 5) always indicated lowering of CaOx-SS. Thus, simple DA can reduce CaOx-SS which may be monitored by AS.
Effects of low-dose milk protein supplementation following low-to-moderate intensity exercise training on muscle mass in healthy older adults: a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Nakayama Kyosuke , Saito Yuri , Sanbongi Chiaki , Murata Koichiro , Urashima Tadasu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine whether long-term ingestion of low-dose milk protein supplementation causes a greater increase in muscle mass and strength of older adults during low-to-moderate intensity exercise training intervention than isocaloric carbohydrate.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled design, 122 healthy older adults (60–84 year) received either an acidified milk protein drink containing 10 g of milk protein (MILK; n = 61) or an isocaloric placebo drink (PLA; n = 61) daily throughout 6 months of body weight and medicine ball exercise training. Measurements before and after the intervention included body composition, physical performance and blood biochemistry.

Results
Lean body mass significantly increased in the MILK group (+ 0.54 kg, p < 0.001), but did not change in the PLA group (− 0.10 kg, p = 0.534). The increases in the MILK group were significantly greater than in the PLA group (p = 0.004). Fat mass (− 0.77 kg) and plasma uric acid levels (− 0.3 mg/dL) significantly decreased only in the MILK group (p < 0.001), with a significant group difference (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Most of the physical performance tests significantly improved in both groups, but no group differences were found.

Conclusion
We conclude that low-dose milk protein supplementation (10 g of protein/day) combined with low-to-moderate intensity exercise training is associated with increased muscle mass, but not improved physical performance compared to carbohydrate combined with exercise in healthy older adults. This study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000032189).
Assessing the spreading potential of an undetected case of COVID-19 in orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Schneider K. N. , Correa-Martínez C. L. , Gosheger G. , Rickert C. , Schorn D. , Mellmann A. , Schwierzeck V. , Kampmeier S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
With the novel coronavirus-induced disease (COVID-19), there is the fear of nosocomial infections and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmissions to healthcare workers (HCW). We report the case of a 64-year-old male patient who underwent explantation of a shoulder prosthesis due to a periprosthetic infection. He was tested SARS-CoV-2 positive 7 days after admission to the orthopaedic department following strict infection control measures, routinely including screening all patients for multi-drug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization upon admission. Aim of our study is to report on the spreading potential of SARS-CoV-2 in a healthcare setting if standard contact precautions and infection control measures have been established.

Methods
All HCW with exposure to the patient from day of admission until confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified and underwent oropharyngeal swab testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 by real-time RT-PCR.

Results
Sixty-six HCW were identified: nine orthopaedic surgeons, four anaesthesiologists, 25 orthopaedic nurses, five nurse anesthetists, eight scrub nurses, five nursing students, two medical assistants and seven service employees. Fourteen HCW (21%) showed clinical symptoms compatible with a SARS-CoV-2 infection: cough (n = 4), sore throat (n = 3), nasal congestion (n = 3), dyspnea (n = 2), fever (n = 1), headache and myalgia (n = 1). SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in any of the 66 HCW.

Conclusion
Hygienic measures and contact precautions, aimed at preventing the spread of MRDO, may have helped to prevent a SARS-CoV-2 transmission to HCW—despite high-risk exposure during intubation, surgical treatment and general care.

Level of evidence
IV, case series.
Enhanced production of β-alanine through co-expressing two different subtypes of l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase
Authors: Wang Lei , Piao Xiaoyu , Cui Shumei , Hu Meirong , Tao Yong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
β-Alanine (β-Ala) is an important intermediate with numerous applications in food and feed additives, pharmaceuticals, polymeric materials, and electroplating industries. Its biological production routes that employ l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (ADC) as the key enzyme are attractive. In this study, we developed an efficient and environmentally safe method for β-Ala production by co-expressing two different subtypes of ADC. A bacterial ADC from Bacillus subtilis (BSADC) and an insect ADC from Tribolium castaneum (TCADC) use pyruvoyl and pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) as cofactor, respectively. 3050 mM (271.5 g/L) β-Ala was achieved from l-aspartic acid by using the whole-cell biocatalyst co-expressing BSADC and TCADC, corresponding to a conversion rate of 92.4%. Meanwhile, one-pot synthesis of β-Ala from fumaric acid through using a tri-enzyme cascade route with two different subtypes of ADC and l-aspartase (AspA) from Escherichia coli was established. 2250 mM (200.3 g/L) β-Ala was obtained from fumaric acid with a conversion rate of 90.0%. This work proposes a novel strategy that improves β-Ala production in the decarboxylation pathway of l-aspartic acid.
Not Quite Right: Representations of Eastern Europeans in ECJ Discourse
Authors: Myslinska Dagmar Rita 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough the increasing responsiveness of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the ‘ECJ’) jurisprudence to western Member States’ concerns regarding Central and Eastern European (‘CEE’) nationals’ mobility has garnered academic attention, ECJdiscoursehas not been scrutinised for how it approaches the CEE region or CEE movers. Applying postcolonial theory, this article seeks to fill this gap and to explore whether there are any indications that ECJ discourse is in line with the historical western-centric inferiorisation of the CEE region. A critical discourse analysis of a set of ECJ judgments and corresponding Advocate General opinions pertaining to CEE nationals illustrates not only how the ECJ adopts numerous discursive strategies to maintain its authority, but also how it tends to prioritise values of the western Member States, while overlooking interests of CEE movers. Its one-sided approach is further reinforced by referring to irrelevant facts and negative assumptions to create an image of CEE nationals as socially and economically inferior to westerners, as not belonging to the proper EU polity and as not quite deserving of EU law’s protections. By silencing CEE nationals’ voices, while disregarding the background of east/west socio-economic and political power differentials and precariousness experienced by many CEE workers in the west, such racialising discourse normalises ethnicity- and class-based stereotypes. These findings also help to contextualise both EU and western policies targeting CEE movers and evidence of their unequal outcomes in the west, and are in line with today’s nuanced expressions of racisms. By illustrating the ECJ’s role in addressing values pertinent to mobile CEE individuals, this study facilitates a fuller appreciation of the ECJ’s power in shaping and reflecting western-centric EU identity and policies. Engaging with such issues will not only allow us to better appreciate—and question—the ECJ’s legitimacy, but might also facilitate a better understanding of power dynamics within the EU. This study also makes significant theoretical and methodological contributions. It expands (and complicates) the application of postcolonial theory to contemporary intra-EU processes, while illustrating the usefulness of applying critical discourse analysis to exploring differentiation, exclusion, subordination and power within legal language.
Time and Timelessness in Constitutional Thought
Authors: Poole Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper considers the character of moral peoplehood, our life as a people, and the rules and principles through which that life is expressed. In so far as those rules and principles take legal form, as determining the ground rules of association and denoting political rights and duties, this moral community is also a jural community. The paper engages with Bernard Williams’s thought with a view to resolving the tension between two conceptions of the constitution that differ in their account of the relationship between norms and time. Williams offers the prospect of a non-Kantian liberalism that grows out of the habits and minds of persons but which does not collapse into relativism. I argue that Williams’s account of moralpersonhooddevotes insufficient attention to the dynamics of moral deliberation, essential to the growth of personhood. I argue that Williams’s account of moralpeoplehoodis similarly deficient in that it overlooks the role constitutional deliberation plays in constructing the jural community. Plural politics requires accepted ground rules and the sense that we are a unity of plural associates, and this is what constitutional deliberation aims to provide.
Characterization of activated bentonite clay mineral and the mechanisms underlying its sorption for ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution
Authors: Maged Ali , Kharbish Sherif , Ismael Ismael Sayed , Bhatnagar Amit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe presence of emerging pollutants such as hazardous chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water sources is a serious concern to the environment and human health. Thus, this study focused on exploring the interaction mechanisms between ciprofloxacin (CIP) (antibiotic) and clay (a low-cost adsorbent) during sorption process. Acid activation technique was opted for modifying natural bentonite (NB) to enhance the adsorptive removal of CIP from water. The BET surface area analysis revealed that acid-activated bentonite (AAB) possessed more than two fold higher surface area as compared to NB. Combining pHzpc measurements, effect of solution pH and CIP speciation revealed that CIP sorption onto bentonite is highly dependent on solution pH. Kinetic studies confirmed that CIP sorption mechanism was chemisorption which included ion-exchange and surface complexation mechanisms. The mechanism of CIP sorption onto AAB was successfully explored with the assistance of characterization techniques. Maximal monolayer sorption capacity of AAB was found to be 305.20 mg/g, compared to 126.56 mg/g for NB. Reusability studies demonstrated that AAB could be reused successfully up to 5 cycles. Furthermore, column studies showed satisfactory results confirming that AAB can be successfully used in continuous mode for practical applications.