bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Drug Interaction Stewardship“ (DIS) und therapeutisches Drug-Monitoring (TDM) für die antiinfektive Therapie in der operativen Intensivmedizin, eine monozentrische Beobachtungsstudie
Authors: Lodes Uwe , Troeger Uwe , Neuling Florian , Jacob David , Meyer Frank 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Medikation des chirurgischen Intensivpatienten ist schwer kalkulierbar durch gestörte Organfunktionen, Organversagen, pathophysiologische Veränderungen bei schwerer Erkrankung und in der Sepsis, laufende Organersatz-, Nierenersatz- und Leberersatzverfahren sowie die unterschiedliche Pharmakokinetik/Pharmakodynamik (PK/PD) von medikamentösen Substanzen und zahlreichen Medikamenteninteraktionen.
Ziel Interdisziplinäres Vorgehen im klinischen Alltag zur Optimierung sowohl der Vielfachmedikation als auch der laufenden medikamentösen Therapie von Patienten vor indizierten Operationen oder Interventionen sowie im Rahmen des peri- und postoperativen intensivmedizinischen Managements.
Methode Etablierung einer „Drug Interaction Stewardship“ (DIS), analog und zeitgleich zur bereits etablierten Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS) in der Routine einer chirurgischen Intensivstation. Erweiterung des etablierten therapeutischen Drug-Monitorings (TDM) auf Standard-Antiinfektiva (Meropenem, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Ceftazidim, Linezolid, Voriconazol, Fluconazol, Caspofungin), für die bisher kein TDM etabliert ist, an einer konsekutiven Patientenkohorte über einen definierten Zeitraum im Rahmen einer klinisch-systematischen „Single-Center“-Beobachtungsstudie (tertiäres Zentrum).
Ergebnisse Im Zeitraum 01/2012 bis 08/2016 führten 1454 klinisch-pharmakologische Patientenvisiten zu 385 (26,5%) Änderungen einer vorher vom erfahrenen Intensivmediziner eingestellten medikamentösen Therapie, am häufigsten in 156 (10,7%) Fällen infolge einer neu kalkulierten PK/PD. 2333 Proben TDM ergaben in 1130 Fällen (48,4%) einen Talspiegel im gewünschten Bereich. In 427 (18,3%) Fällen war wegen eines zu niedrigen und in 776 (33,3%) Fällen wegen eines zu hohen Substanzspiegels eine Änderung der antiinfektiven Therapie nach Art, Dosis, Dosisintervall oder Applikationsart erforderlich.
Schlussfolgerung DIS und TDM führen bei chirurgischen Intensivpatienten in einer hohen Rate zur Detektion von unerwünschten Medikamenteninteraktionen sowie inadäquaten Substanzspiegeln mit dem Ansatz für gezielte Therapieänderungen.
Unicondylar Tibiofemoral Arthroplasty – Opinions of the Members of the German Knee Society (DKG) and the German Professional Association of Orthopaedic and Trauma Specialists (BVOU)
Authors: Becher Christoph , Beckmann Johannes , von Eisenhart-Rothe Rüdiger , Hirschmann Michael , Holz Johannes , Franz Alois , Gwinner Clemens , Hube Robert , Matziolis Georg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground The number of implanted unicondylar tibiofemoral knee arthroplasties (UKA) is despite the potential advantages in comparison to total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in Germany relatively low. Goal of this survey, initiated by the Small Implants Group of the German Knee Society, was to gather opinions and put them into context of the current literature.Methods Based on the Delphi method and the AWMF rules and standards, 19 statements were developed, which were presented to the members of the DKG and BVOU in an anonymous online survey using “SurveyMonkey”. Overall, 410 colleagues participated.Results The biggest detected controversies were the determination of indications with respect to the body mass index and the existence of a patellofemoral arthrosis. A general consent was determined that a contralateral tibiofemoral arthrosis grade III – IV and meniscal deficiency in the contralateral compartment are an absolute contraindication. There was a consent that age is not a limitation for the implantation of an UKA. If a personal minimum volume of 15 implantations/year should be implemented was seen controversial.Conclusion The personal opinion, eventually built by personal experiences, appears to be in conflict with the knowledge of scientific literature in many instances. Intensive training and education appears necessary.
A novel cryoballoon ablation system for eradication of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus: a first-in-human feasibility study
Authors: van Munster Sanne Noortje , Overwater Anouk , Raicu Mihaela G. M. , Seldenrijk Kees C. A. , Nagengast Wouter B. , Schoon Erik J. , Bergman Jacques J. G. H. M. , Weusten Bas L. A. M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic cryoablation for Barrett’s esophagus (BE) might offer advantages over heat-based ablation. Focal cryoballoon ablation has been promising for short-segment BE, whereas the novel 90°-swipe cryoballoon ablation system (CbSAS90) ablates larger areas in a single step (90° over 3 cm). The system allows for dose adjustment. CbSAS90 has been feasible and safe in animal and pre-esophagectomy studies. This is the first clinical study to assess feasibility, safety, and efficacy of CbSAS90 for eradication of dysplastic BE.
Methods In this prospective study in dysplastic BE patients, dose finding started with semi-circumferential treatment at 0.8 mm/s (dose 1). The dose was escalated by reducing speed by 0.1 mm/s in six patients until BE surface regression was ≥ 80 % without complications (“effective dose”). The effective dose was subsequently confirmed with circumferential treatment in 12 new patients. Post-procedural pain (0 – 10) and dysphagia (0 – 4) were evaluated. Outcomes were feasibility, safety, and BE surface regression.
Results 25 patients were included, with technically successful treatment in 92 % (95 %CI 73 % – 99 %). Median (95 %CI) BE surface regression was 78 % (50 % – 85 %) for dose 1 and 85 % (55 % – 95 %) for dose 2 (0.7 mm/s), which was defined as the effective dose. Circumferential treatment resulted in 93 % (88 % – 96 %) regression. Two of 12 patients with circumferential treatment developed strictures that required dilation. Median pain and dysphagia scores were low (0 – 3 and 0, respectively).
Conclusions CbSAS90 was feasible and effective for ablating larger BE areas. The optimal dose for circumferential treatment that balances safety and efficacy requires further evaluation.
Kava and its Kavalactones Inhibit Norepinephrine-induced Intracellular Calcium Influx in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Botello Jordy F. , Corral Pedro , Bian Tengfei , Xing Chengguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractKava, the extract of the roots of Piper methysticum, has been traditionally consumed in the South Pacific islands for its natural relaxing property. Epidemiological data suggests that kava consumption may reduce human cancer risk, and in vitro and in vivo models suggest chemopreventive potential against carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. Therefore, knowledge about its molecular mechanisms and responsible ingredient(s) for these beneficial properties will better guide kavaʼs use for the management of these disorders. Psychological stress typically results in increased production of stress hormones, such as norepinephrine (NE), which activate adrenergic receptors (ARs). Psychological stress has also been associated with increased cancer incidence and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Mechanistically, binding of NE to ARs induces intracellular calcium influx, which activates downstream signaling pathways involved in both stress and cancer development. In this study, we characterized the effect of kava and its components, 3 fractions and 6 major kavalactones, on NE-induced intracellular calcium influx in H1299, a human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line. Results show that kava extract effectively inhibits NE-mediated intracellular calcium influx in H1299 cells, potentially through antagonizing β-AR signaling. This inhibitory activity is recapitulated by the major kavalactones in kava. Among the 6 major kavalactones, DHK demonstrated the best potency. Taken together, our study suggests a novel mechanism through which kava and its ingredients potentially offer the anxiolytic and cancer-preventive activity.
Development of Haemophilia Treatment in the Eastern Part of Germany over the Last Decade in the Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost (KHDO)
Authors: Mahn Rebecca , Schilling Kristina , Klamroth Robert , Kentouche Karim , Aumann Volker , Fischer Lars , Holzhauer Susanne , Sirb Harry , Scholz Ute , Trautmann Karolin , Halm-Heinrich Ines , Krammer-Steiner Beate , Koscielny Jürgen , Kreibich Ute , Pietrzak-Büttner Antje , Tregel Matthias , Knöfler Ralf , Pfrepper Christian ,   and the Kompetenznetzwerk Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction In 2005 the Kompetenznetz Hämorrhagische Diathese Ost published epidemiologic data about patients with haemophilia A (HA) and haemophilia B (HB) in the eastern part of Germany. This study provides data about the development of treatment in these patients over the past 10 years.
Methods Data from 12 haemophilia centres in eastern Germany were retrospectively collected for the year 2015 from patients' records.
Results We evaluated 413 patients (115 children, 298 adults) with HA or HB. A total of 286 patients (69.2%) had severe haemophilia (patients with severe haemophilia, PWSH). Compared with 2005, the proportion PWSH on prophylaxis increased from 90% to 98.8% in children and from 64% to 80.2% in adults. The use of plasma-derived factor concentrates decreased from >70% to 55.3% in children and to 55.1% in adults. Mean annual factor consumption in PWSH without inhibitor was higher in 2015 compared with 2005 (children with HA: 151,489 vs. 98,894; adults with HA: 217,151 vs. 151,394; children with HB: 105,200 vs. 64,256; adults with HB: 159,185 vs. 85,295). Median annualized bleeding (annualized bleeding rate, ABR) and joint bleeding rates (annualized joint bleeding rate, AJBR) in 2015 were 2 and 0 in children and 3 and 0 in adults, respectively. In 2015 only one child (1.2%) but 101 (53.2%) adults with severe haemophilia were anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) positive. The rate of anti-HCV positive patients with active hepatitis C dropped from 63.8% to 12.9%.
Conclusions Within the last decade more patients with severe haemophilia were switched to a prophylactic regimen going along with a moderate increase in factor consumption achieving a low ABR and AJBR.
Early Liver Transplantation in Acute Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Haugen Christine E. , Cameron Andrew M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is currently the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. Among patients with ALD, those with acute alcoholic hepatitis who do not respond to medical treatment have a 6-month mortality of 70% without transplantation. Despite the high mortality, the majority of patients will not be eligible for transplant, given that most centers follow the 6-month abstinence rule. A handful of centers in Europe and the United States perform early liver transplantation (< 6 months abstinence) in these patients, as it provides a substantial survival benefit. Short-term outcomes for these recipients are favorable, and relapse rates parallel those seen in alcoholic cirrhosis transplant recipients who have completed the 6-month wait period. Moving forward, studies examining long-term outcomes and candidate selection are necessary for this growing subset of liver transplant candidates.
Long-Term Outcomes of Pituitary Gland Preservation in Pituitary Macroadenoma Apoplexy: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Souter John Robert , Jusue-Torres Ignacio , Grahnke Kurt , Borys Ewa , Patel Chirag , Germanwala Anand V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroduction For patients presenting with neurological changes from pituitary tumor apoplexy, urgent surgical intervention is commonly performed for diagnosis, tumor resection, and optic apparatus decompression. Although identification and preservation of the pituitary gland during the time of surgery can be challenging, it may lead to improve endocrine outcomes.Methods A retrospective case series of all patients with macroadenomas presenting with apoplexy at Loyola University Medical Center from 2016 to 2018 was studied. Demographic, radiographic, and intraoperative characteristics were collected including age, gender, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, preoperative size of pituitary adenoma, Knosp's grade, Hardy's grade, identification and/or preservation of the gland, pre- and postoperative hormonal levels, intraoperative and/or postoperative complications, and follow-up time.Results A total of 68 patients underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery for resection of a macroadenoma. Among them, seven (10.2%) presented with apoplexy; five patients were male and two were female and presenting symptoms and signs included headache (100%), endocrinopathies (57%), visual acuity deficit (71%), visual field deficit (71%), and oculomotor palsy (57%). A gross-total resection rate was achieved in 86% of patients. Among them, 71% of patients obtained complete symptomatic neurological improvement. A statistically significant difference between gender and endocrine function was found, as no females and all males required some form of postoperative hormonal supplementation (p = 0.047).Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal resection of macroadenomas with sparing of the pituitary gland in the setting of apoplexy is safe and effective. Preservation of the normal gland led to no posterior pituitary dysfunction, and a statistically significant difference between gender and postoperative endocrinopathy was identified. Further studies with larger samples sizes are warranted.
Methods for selective benzylic C–H oxofunctionalization of organic compounds
Authors: Lubov Dmitry P. , Talsi Evgenii P. , Bryliakov Konstantin P. 
Published: November 2019

The development of methods for the selective oxidation of C–H groups of organic compounds resulting in C–O bond formation is a challenging problem in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Versatile methods for the oxofunctionalization of these groups are currently lacking. Approaches for the oxidation of benzylic C–H groups having a relatively weak C–H bond (the homolytic bond dissociation energy is ∼80–90 kcal mol−1) differ from the methods used for the oxidation of aliphatic and aromatic C–H groups with stronger C–H bonds. The review summarizes homogeneous catalytic and non-catalytic methods for the selective oxofunctionalization of benzylic groups of organic compounds developed in the past 40 years. Reactions using various oxidizing agents in the presence or in the absence of transition metal compounds are considered. Putative mechanisms of selected transformations are discussed. Particular focus is placed on the selective oxidation of various substrates.The bibliography includes 278 references.
“Warmth of thought” in Walter Nash’s prose and verse
Authors: Cockcroft Susan , Cockcroft Robert 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the means through which Walter Nash engages
readers of his prose and verse, centring on the concept of “warmth of
thought”, which derives from Quintilian. Discussion of the poetry stresses
the significance of the word “heart”, especially in personal and religious
contexts – and in translation of Horace as representative of the secular
tradition. It shows how the resources of verse are adapted by Nash as a
poet, at once confessional and broadly empathetic, and how he explores the
uses and resources of prose, in a whole range of genres, as seen in his
publications beginning with Designs in Prose. Throughout,
“warmth of thought” is a dominant characteristic as he enlightens,
encourages and entertains both readers and prospective writers.
Chrysanthemums for Bill
Authors: Stockwell Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter on a short story by D. H. Lawrence revisits a
key stylistic account of the text by Bill Nash, which was criticised both
specifically and as a general representation of stylistic practice. The
chapter addresses those criticisms, differentiating those that are misplaced
from those that might have had a reasonable basis. It claims that many of
these older objections can be addressed by more recent innovations in the
discipline, and in fact that Nash prefigured some later literary
linguistics, though he lacked the tools to develop his solutions at the
time. In this analysis, these innovations are drawn from the broadening of
stylistics to encompass matters that would previously have been regarded as
extra-linguistic, in the form of a cognitive poetics.
Discourse presentation and point of view in “Cheating at Canasta” by
William Trevor
Authors: Short Mick 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the closing section of William Trevor’s
short story, “Cheating at Canasta”
(2007). Focussing on shifts in narrative viewpoint in the
passage, the chapter teases out the complex transitions in viewpoint
features, showing how Mallory, the story’s focaliser, engages in changing
perceptions of, and reactions to, his immediate environment. Viewpoint
transitions at the level of narrative style, it is argued, engender parallel
shifts in the character’s changing cognitive purview, including memory,
response and flashback as well as his internal assumptions and hypotheses. The
author shows how a subtle understanding of the passage (and indeed the story
as a whole) can enable an appreciation of the quality of the writing,
concluding that stylistic analyses help to show not just how we
understand literary texts but also why and how we
appreciate them.
No lab, no problem
Authors: Gallant Jordan , Libben Gary 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present new opportunities for psycholinguistic research that are made available by presenting experiments online over the web. We focus on PsychoPy3, which is a new version of a system for the development and delivery of behavioural experiments. Crucially, it allows for both these functions to be performed online. We note that experiments delivered over the web have significant efficiency advantages. They also open up new opportunities to increase the ecological validity of experiments and to facilitate the participation of members of populations that have thus far been less studied in the psycholinguistic literature. We discuss the crucial matter of millisecond timing in online experiments. The technical details of implementation of a behavioural psycholinguistic experiment are presented, along with listings of additional technical resources and support. Our overall evaluation is that although online experimentation still has technical challenges and improvements are ongoing, it may well represent the future of behavioural psycholinguistic research.
Neural correlates of second language acquisition of tone-grammar associations
Authors: Hed Anna , Schremm Andrea , Horne Merle , Roll Mikael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Native speakers of Swedish use tones on stems to predict which suffix is to follow. This is seen behaviorally in
reduced response times for matching tone-suffix pairs. Neurophysiologically, online prediction is reflected in the event-related
potential (ERP) component pre-activation negativity (PrAN) occurring for tones with a higher predictive value. Invalid suffixes
relative to the tone produce a left anterior negativity (LAN), or a broadly distributed negativity, and a P600. When native
speakers make decisions about the inflection of words, response times are also longer for invalid tone-suffix combinations. In
this study, low to intermediate level second language learners with non-tonal native languages trained tone-suffix associations
for two weeks. Before and after training, they participated in a perception test where they listened to nouns with valid and
invalid tone-suffix combinations and performed a singular/plural judgment task. During the test, electroencephalography (EEG) and
response times were measured. After training, the PrAN effect increased, and a LAN emerged for invalid stimuli, indicating that
the participants had acquired the tone-suffix association, using the tones as predictors more extensively post-training. However,
neither a P600 nor longer response times for invalidity were found, suggesting potential differences in native and second language
processing of the tone-suffix association.
Phonological and grammatical class cohorts in word production
Authors: Pellet Cheneval Pauline , Laganaro Marina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe lexical or sub-lexical loci of facilitation of word production by phonological cueing/priming are debated. We investigate whether phonological cues facilitate word production at the level of lexical selection by manipulating the size of the cohort of word onsets matching the cue. In the framework of lexical facilitation, a phonological cue corresponding to a small number of words should be more effective than a cue corresponding to a larger cohort. However, a lexical locus can clearly be inferred only if the facilitation effect in picture naming is modulated by a specific grammatical lexical cohort and not by the overall word onset cohort. Twenty-seven healthy participants performed an object/noun (Exp1) and an action/verb (Exp2) naming task with cues corresponding to large/small noun/verb onset cohorts. Results revealed that facilitation was modulated by the lexical onset cohort size of the cue in the target grammatical category. These results favour the lexical hypothesis and further suggest a categorical organization of the lexicon.
Technology and Innovation Capitalization: A Comparative Study of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Saskatchewan
Authors: Siswanto Ibnu , Raharjo Heru 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The innovative technologies rapidly change the social development, as well as the economic structure in the world and reinforce many countries to develop their national economy from natural resources through innovative production processes and new products. This study describes the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Saskatchewan achievement and its influential factors on the technology and innovation capitalization. The study reveals that both the institutions perform outstanding achievements on the technology and innovation commercialization such as the number of patents, business spin-off, total fundraising from government and industry, and their alumni impact on the national economic sectors. Factors affect their achievement are strong relationships among university, industry, government, and partnership with international experts, exceptional faculty members, high-quality research, entrepreneurship culture, team work, and supportive funding. This study further suggests the university, government, and industry to prepare themselves to achieve technology and innovation capitalization through well-developed collaboration among the three institutions.