bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormone‐related events and periodontitis in women
Authors: Romandini Mario , Shin Hye‐Sun , Romandini Pierluigi , Laforí Andreina , Cordaro Massimo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimWhile the short‐term effects of hormonal events on gingival inflammation have been well described, long‐term effects on the periodontium have received less attention. The aim of this cross‐sectional population‐based study was to evaluate the association between hormone‐related events and periodontitis in a representative sample of the postmenopausal women of South Korea.Materials and MethodsA total of 10,273 postmenopausal women representative of 6.1 million of Koreans were examined. Periodontitis and severe periodontitis were defined according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI ≧ 3 and CPI = 4, respectively). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses using 3 different models were applied controlling for age, smoking, marital status, educational level, income, BMI, hypertension, stress and frequency of toothbrushing.ResultsSevere periodontitis was directly associated with a longer reproductive life (p‐trend = .027) and with a longer duration of breastfeeding (48–72 vs. 1–17 months: OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01–2.21). Conversely, early menopausal age (<46 vs. 49–50 years: OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56–0.97), history of artificial menopause (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.97), having had more than 6 pregnancies (vs. 4: OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55–0.97), having had more than three abortions (vs. 0: OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.93) and having had the first birth age >26 years (vs. <21 years: OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52–0.97) were inversely associated with severe periodontitis.ConclusionsIn this large nationally representative population, severe periodontitis was related to menopausal age, reproductive life length, number of pregnancies/abortions, first birth age and breastfeeding duration, while it was not to oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy usages.
Clinical and radiographic changes at tissue level implants with either a machined or a modified transmucosal neck surface: A 3‐year multicentre randomized controlled proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Salvi Giovanni E. , Moëne Raphaël , Wallkamm Beat , Hicklin Stefan P. , Bischof Mark , Nedir Rabah , Mombelli Andrea , Sculean Anton 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundSurface modification may yield enhanced soft tissue adhesion to transmucosal titanium implant necks.AimTo evaluate and compare changes in soft tissues around implants with a modified hydrophilic sandblasted and acid‐etched neck (mSLA; test) to those with a machined neck (M; control).Materials and methodsImplants with a diameter of 4.1 mm and a neck height of 1.8 mm were randomly inserted in healed sites with pristine bone of the posterior maxilla or mandible. The modified Sulcus Bleeding Index (mSBI) (primary outcome) was assessed at baseline (BL) and 6, 12 and 36 months. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of pocket probing depth (PPD), mucosal recession (REC) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Standardized radiographs were taken at time of implant placement, at BL and after 12 and 36 months.ResultsOf the 43 randomized subjects, 38 (19 test and 19 controls) completed the 36‐month follow‐up. Implant survival rates amounted to 95.5% (test) and 100% (control) (p > .05). At 36 months, 77.6% of test implants and 78.9% of control implants were without any bleeding sites (mSBI = 0;p > .05). The 36‐month success rate was 86.4% in the test and 85.7% in the control group, respectively (p > .05). At 36 months, the mean radiographic bone level change from BL was 0.33 ± 0.69 mm at test implants and 0.12 ± 0.3 mm at control implants (p > .05).ConclusionTissue level implants with a hydrophilic mSLA transmucosal neck failed to yield clinical and radiographic benefits compared with implants with a machined neck up to 3 years.
Influence of keratinized mucosa on the surgical therapeutical outcomes of peri‐implantitis
Authors: Ravidà Andrea , Saleh Islam , Siqueira Rafael , Garaicoa‐Pazmiño Carlos , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Monje Alberto , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the impact of keratinized mucosa (KM) width around dental implants on surgical therapeutic outcomes when treating peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsSurgically treated peri‐implantitis implants were divided into two groups (KM width < 2 mm and ≥2 mm). Retrospective data were obtained after implant placement (T0) and the day of peri‐implantitis surgical treatment (T1). Patients were later recruited (≥1 year after T1) for clinical and radiographic examination (T2). Outcomes were analysed using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.ResultsA total of 40 patients (68 implants) (average follow‐up: 52.4 ± 30.5 months) were included in this study. From T0 to T1, no differences were found between KM groups in terms of peri‐implant probing depths (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). However, sites with <2 mm KM exhibited significantly higher suppuration (SUP) and lower marginal bone level (MBL) (p > .01). Between T1 and T2, no major differences were noted on PPD reduction, BOP and MBL changes between the two groups. GEE modelling demonstrated that MBL severity prior to surgical therapy was a better predictor for implant survival than KM width.ConclusionSurgical outcome in treating peri‐implantitis was influenced by the severity of bone loss present at the time of treatment and not by the presence of KM at the time of treatment.
Endpoints of active periodontal therapy
Authors: Loos Bruno G. , Needleman Ian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimPosition paper on endpoints of active periodontal therapy for designing treatment guidelines. The question was as follows: How are, for an individual patient, commonly applied periodontal probing measures—recorded after active periodontal therapy—related to (a) stability of clinical attachment level, (b) tooth survival, (c) need for re‐treatment or (d) oral health‐related quality of life.MethodsA literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations and Daily <1946 to 07 June 2019>.ResultsA total of 94 papers were retrieved. From the literature search, it was found that periodontitis patients with a low proportion of deep residual pockets after active periodontal therapy are more likely to have stability of clinical attachment level over a follow‐up time of ≥1 year. Other supporting literature confirms this finding and additionally reports, at the patient level, that probing pocket depths ≥6 mm and bleeding on probing scores ≥30% are risks for tooth loss. There is lack of evidence that periodontal probing measures after completion of active periodontal treatment are tangible to the patient.ConclusionsBased on literature and biological plausibility, it is reasonable to state that periodontitis patients with a low proportion of residual periodontal pockets and little inflammation are more likely to have stability of clinical attachment levels and less tooth loss over time. Guidelines for periodontal therapy should take into consideration (a) long‐term tangible patient outcomes, (b) that shallow pockets (≤4 mm) without bleeding on probing in patients with <30% bleeding sites are the best guarantee for the patient for stability of his/her periodontal attachment, (c) patient heterogeneity and patient changes in immune response over time, and (d) that treatment strategies include lifestyle changes of the patient. Long‐term large population‐based and practice‐based studies on the efficacy of periodontal therapies including both clinical and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) need to be initiated, which include the understanding that periodontitis is a complex disease with variation of inflammatory responses due to environment, (epi)genetics, lifestyle and ageing. Involving people living with periodontitis as co‐researchers in the design of these studies would also help to improve their relevance.
Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography in evaluation of palatal mucosa thickness
Authors: Ogawa Miho , Katagiri Sayaka , Koyanagi Tatsuro , Maekawa Shogo , Shiba Takahiko , Ohsugi Yujin , Takeuchi Yasuo , Ikawa Takahiro , Takeuchi Shogo , Sekiuchi Takayuki , Arai Yuki , Kazama Ryunosuke , Wakabayashi Noriyuki , Izumi Yuichi , Iwata Takanori 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the measurement of palatal mucosa thickness using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to create a conversion formula to evaluate palatal mucosa thickness more accurately. We then evaluated the palatal mucosa thickness in a Japanese population using CBCT and the conversion formula.Materials and methodsWe evaluated palatal mucosa thickness in 10 healthy subjects at 15 sites using CBCT, digital impression, and K file. Multiple regression analysis was performed to create a conversion formula to measure thickness accurately. We then obtained CBCT data from 174 patients retrospectively, applied the conversion formula, and evaluated palatal mucosa thickness.ResultsSites of measurement affected measurement error. Measurement using CBCT was 0.34 ± 0.04 mm smaller than actual measurement; therefore, a conversion formula was created. Male, age ≥60 years, and probing pocket depth ≥4 mm had significant and positive associations with palatal mucosa thickness; however, no association was observed between bleeding on probing and palatal mucosa thickness.ConclusionCBCT is useful for the noninvasive and accurate measurement of palatal mucosa thickness.
Preventive intervention for trauma reactions in young injured children: results of a multi‐site randomised controlled trial
Authors: Haag Ann‐Christin , Landolt Markus A. , Kenardy Justin A. , Schiestl Clemens M. , Kimble Roy M. , De Young Alexandra C. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundYoung children are at particular risk for injury. Ten per cent to twenty‐five per cent develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, no empirically supported preventive interventions exist. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy of a standardised targeted preventive intervention for PTSD in young injured children.MethodsInjured children (1–6 years) were enrolled in a multi‐site parallel‐group superiority prospective randomised controlled trial (RCT) in Australia and Switzerland. Screening for PTSD risk occurred 6–8 days postaccident. Parents of children who screened ‘high‐risk’ were randomised to a 2‐session CBT‐based intervention or treatment‐as‐usual (TAU). Primary outcomes were PTSD symptom (PTSS) severity, and secondary outcomes were PTSD diagnosis, functional impairment and behavioural difficulties at 3 and 6 months postinjury using blinded assessments. Trials were registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12614000325606) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02088814). Trial status is complete.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three children screened ‘high‐risk’ were assigned to intervention (n = 62) or TAU (n = 71). Multilevel intention‐to‐treat analyses revealed a significant intervention effect on PTSS severity over time (b = 60.06, 95% CI: 21.30–98.56). At 3 months, intervention children (M = 11.02, SD = 10.42, range 0–47) showed an accelerated reduction in PTSS severity scores compared to control children (M = 17.30, SD = 13.94, range 0–52; mean difference −6.97, 95% CI: −14.02 to 0.08, p adj. = .055, d = 0.51). On secondary outcomes, multilevel analyses revealed significant treatment effects for PTSD diagnosis, functional impairment and behavioural difficulties.ConclusionsThis multi‐site RCT provides promising preliminary evidence for the efficacy of a targeted preventive intervention for accelerating recovery from PTSS in young injured children. This has important clinical implications for the psychological support provided to young children and parents during the acute period following a single‐event trauma.
Dental caries,diabetes mellitus, metabolic control and diabetes duration: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Coelho Ana Sofia , Amaro Inês Flores , Caramelo Francisco , Paula Anabela , Marto Carlos Miguel , Ferreira Manuel Marques , Botelho Maria Filomena , Carrilho Eunice Virgínia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze articles aimed at evaluating the association between diabetes, metabolic control, diabetes duration, and dental caries.OverviewA systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted to retrieve papers in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, up to April 2019. The research strategy was constructed considering the “PECO” strategy. Only quantitative observational studies were analyzed. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The meta‐analyses were performed based on random‐effects models using the statistical platform R. A total of 69 articles was included in the systematic review and 40 in the meta‐analysis. Type 1 diabetics have a significantly higher DMFT compared to controls. No significant differences were found between type 2 diabetics and controls and between well‐controlled and poorly controlled diabetics. Concerning diabetes duration, all authors failed to find differences between groups.ConclusionAlthough there is still a need for longitudinal studies, the meta‐analysis proved that type 1 diabetics have a high dental caries risk.Clinical significanceIt is necessary to be aware of all risk factors for dental caries that may be associated with these patients, making it possible to include them into an individualized prevention program.
Assessment of Psychological Disturbance in Patients with Tooth Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Tools
Authors: Kudsi Zaki , Fenlon Michael R. , Johal Ama , Baysan Aylin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurposeTo systematically review the available evidence on screening tools to detect the psychological disturbance in patients with tooth loss and technically successful removable dentures (partial and complete).Materials and MethodsThe study protocol was registered with the National Institute of Health Research Database (I.D. CRD42017082125). The PICOS tool (patients, intervention, control, outcomes measure, and study design) was used to formulate an effective search strategy. Participants were adults (≥ 18), who were edentulous or had significant tooth loss (< 9 remaining teeth). The intervention included undergoing replacement with technically successful dentures (partial or complete). A control group of adults were either edentulous or had significant tooth loss and without dentures. Outcomes included assessing psychological disturbance due to treatment with dentures or due to no treatment using a validated tool. A structured search strategy was used to complete a standard systematic search of the electronic database without any date limit and/or language restriction. Only quantitative studies using a validated measuring tool to screen for psychological distress in adults with significant tooth loss were included. Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. Data homogeneity was assessed in regards to the screening tools to measure psychological disturbance following the management of tooth loss with dentures. The significant level was set at 0.05, using IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0 (SPSS Inc., New York, NY). The psychometric properties and the validation processes of the screening tools were assessed.ResultsFrom the original 3510 studies identified, only eight studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria. All eight studies used the same questionnaire to screen for the emotional distress of tooth loss. In addition, one study also used the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) to screen for the association of depression with tooth loss. Six studies suggested that a significant number of patients have difficulties in accepting tooth loss, were less confident, and had emotional distress related to tooth loss. However, two studies reported no significant link. All studies found a marked impact on functional activities and social interaction. However, four studies had a potentially biased selection process, and the questionnaire used was assessed to be at high‐risk of measurement bias, as the development and validation process was not clear. There was also a lack of well‐defined control groups in all studies.ConclusionTooth loss could cause psychological disturbance in some patients. To date, there is a lack of available tools that are suitable to screen and measure psychological disturbance in patients with tooth loss. Additional research is required to develop tools to identify and measure such impact and to recommend suitable interventions when needed.
Educational Support for Saudi Students with Learning Disabilities in Higher Education
Authors: Abed Mohaned G. , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDisability laws in Saudi Arabia mandate that higher education institutions provide support for special needs learners in order to ensure educational opportunities equivalent to opportunities for their nondisabled peers. These institutions experience challenges, however, in providing the necessary support to undergraduate and postgraduate students with learning disabilities (LDs). We conducted an exploratory study to assess educational support requirements and affordances for undergraduate and postgraduate students with LDs attending institutions of higher education in Saudi Arabia. We completed semistructured interviews with 22 special needs learners diagnosed with a LD (16 undergraduate and six postgraduate). The findings suggest that additional support services are needed for undergraduate and postgraduate students with LDs attending Saudi institutions of higher education.
An RXLR effector PlAvh142 from Peronophythora litchii triggers plant cell death and contributes to virulence
Authors: Situ Junjian , Jiang Liqun , Fan Xiaoning , Yang Wensheng , Li Wen , Xi Pinggen , Deng Yizhen , Kong Guanghui , Jiang Zide 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLitchi downy blight, caused by the phytopathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii, results in tremendous economic loss in litchi production every year. To successfully colonize the host cell, Phytophthora species secret hundreds of RXLR effectors that interfere with plant immunity and facilitate the infection process. Previous work has already predicted 245 candidate RXLR effector‐encoding genes in P. litchii, 212 of which have been cloned and tested for plant cell death‐inducing activity in this study. We found three such RXLR effectors could trigger plant cell death through transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further experiments demonstrated that PlAvh142 could induce cell death and immune responses in several plants. We also found that PlAvh142 localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of plant cells. The cytoplasmic localization was critical for its cell death‐inducing activity. Moreover, deletion either of the two internal repeats in PlAvh142 abolished the cell death‐inducing activity. Virus‐induced gene silencing assays showed that cell death triggered by PlAvh142 was dependent on the plant transduction components RAR1 (require for Mla12 resistance), SGT1 (suppressor of the G2 allele of skp1) and HSP90 (heat shock protein 90). Finally, knockout of PlAvh142 resulted in significantly attenuated P. litchii virulence on litchi plants, whereas the PlAvh142‐overexpressed mutants were more aggressive. These data indicated that PlAvh142 could be recognized in plant cytoplasm and is an important virulence RXLR effector of P. litchii.
Developing competencies in genetics nursing: Education intervention for perinatal and pediatric nurses
Authors: Murakami Kyoko , Kutsunugi Saeko , Tsujino Kumiko , Stone Teresa E. , Ito Misae , Iida Kazuko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNurses need to be appropriately trained in genetics to provide clinical care based on best practice for patients and families. This exploratory study describes an educational intervention using authentic stimulus material centered on a clinical case study of a family with a baby with Down syndrome. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from a sample of 15 nurses and 27 students from three universities in Japan before and after completing an entry‐level workshop on competency‐based genetics nursing. Participants reported increased perceived genetics knowledge and clinical confidence. Despite more than 90% of the participants reporting that they understood the underlying genetics knowledge, their confidence and the ethical aspects of genetics nursing had not been promoted after the seminar. In contrast, the reflections, coded into three categories, showed they recognized families' needs for psychological support, family decision making, and protection and privacy and suggested that nurses had undergone a profound shift in understanding about these issues. Although indicating that a single seminar was insufficient, the study findings will be useful to develop educational materials on genetics for both students and nurses.
Fogelin’s Theory of Deep Disagreements: A Relativistic Reading
Authors: Lavorerio Victoria 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn “The Logic of Deep Disagreements,” Robert Fogelin claims that parties to a deep disagreement lack the common ground needed for arguments to work, making the disagreement impervious to rational resolution. Although Fogelin’s article received numerous responses, there has been no attempt to elucidate the epistemological theory behind Fogelin’s theses. In this article, I examine Fogelin’s theory of deep disagreements in light of his broader philosophy. The picture that emerges is that of relativism of distance, à la Bernard Williams. By interpreting Fogelin’s theory as relativism of distance, it avoids some of the critiques that have been raised against it.
Discussions of miscarriage and preterm births on Twitter
Authors: Cesare Nina , Oladeji Olubusola , Ferryman Kadija , Wijaya Derry , Hendricks‐Muñoz Karen D. , Ward Alyssa , Nsoesie Elaine O. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundExperiences typically considered private, such as, miscarriages and preterm births are being discussed publicly on social media and Internet discussion websites. These data can provide timely illustrations of how individuals discuss miscarriages and preterm births, as well as insights into the wellbeing of women who have experienced a miscarriage.ObjectivesTo characterise how users discuss the topic of miscarriage and preterm births on Twitter, analyse trends and drivers, and describe the perceived emotional state of women who have experienced a miscarriage.MethodsWe obtained 291 443 Twitter postings on miscarriages and preterm births from January 2017 through December 2018. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was used to identify major topics of discussion. We applied time series decomposition methods to assess temporal trends and identify major drivers of discussion. Furthermore, four coders labelled the emotional content of 7282 personal miscarriage disclosure tweets into the following non‐mutually exclusive categories: grief/sadness/depression, anger, relief, isolation, annoyance, and neutral.ResultsTopics in our data fell into eight groups: celebrity disclosures, Michelle Obama's disclosure, politics, healthcare, preterm births, loss and anxiety, flu vaccine and ectopic pregnancies. Political discussions around miscarriages were largely due to a misunderstanding between abortions and miscarriages. Grief and annoyance were the most commonly expressed emotions within the miscarriage self‐disclosures; 50.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 49.1, 52.2) and 16.2% (95%CI15.2, 17.3). Postings increased with celebrity disclosures, pharmacists’ refusal of prescribed medications and outrage over the high rate of preterm births in the United States. Miscarriage disclosures by celebrities also led to disclosures by women who had similar experiences.ConclusionsThis study suggests that increase in discussions of miscarriage on social media are associated with several factors, including celebrity disclosures. Additionally, there is a misunderstanding of the potential physical, emotional and psychological impacts on individuals who lose a pregnancy due to a miscarriage.