bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a lifestyle development program designed to reduce the risk factors for cognitive decline on the mental health of elderly individuals
Authors: Takeda Shinya , Fukushima Haruhiko , Okamoto Chihiro , Kitawaki Yasushi , Nakayama Shigeki 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundThe incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) along with depression is high in the elderly. In the present study, a program that allows the elderly individuals to voluntarily manage and develop lifestyles that may reduce the risk factors for cognitive decline was applied to the participants to evaluate its effect on the mental health of these individuals.MethodsThe participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group and a control group. The program was conducted during 7 months in the intervention group, and it had seven times of group activities, performed once a month for about 1 h, and individual activities to reduce the risk factors for cognitive decline, performed every day. To evaluate the effects of the program on the mental health of the participants, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (PGC) were used. These two scales were applied twice to the intervention and control groups.ResultsThe GDS score revealed no change in the score in the intervention group before and after the 7‐month program implementation; however, in the control group, the score was significantly higher after program implementation than that before. The PGC score revealed no change in the intervention group before and after 7‐month program implementation; however, in the control group, the score was significantly lower after program implementation than that before. Additionally, it revealed no change in the GDS score in the depression‐prone control group before and after 7‐month program implementation; however, in the depression‐prone intervention group, the GDS score was significantly lower after program implementation than that before.ConclusionsThe intervention program that allows the elderly individuals to voluntarily manage and develop lifestyles that may reduce the risk factors for cognitive decline is expected to maintain mental health in elderly individuals.
A novel approach to medical mentoring
Authors: Polley Clare , Cisternino Angela , Gray Amy 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYBackgroundMentoring is integral to the development of doctors in complex, pressured, work‐based environments. At the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), anecdotally mentoring was successful in informal relationships, but a formalised small group programme was not seen as effective by junior doctors (residents). Drawing from corporate and medical literature, as well as considering survey data from our junior and senior doctor cohorts, we surmised that a self‐selected online approach would empower both the mentor and the mentee.MethodJunior resident medical officers (JRMOs), in postgraduate year 2–4 (PGY 2–4) at RCH, are invited to participate in a self‐selected dyad mentoring programme. The mentors volunteer their time and knowledge and come from the registrar (PGY3 and 4) and fellow (PGY5 and 6) cohorts. This programme ran in 2017 for 10 months and the mentees were advised to be in contact with their mentor every 6–8 weeks. Thirty JRMO mentees and 36 mentors opted in to the programme, resulting in 30 matched pairs. The group participants were able to access a range of online tools when establishing and conducting their mentoring relationship.ResultsThe self‐selected dyad model, using mentor videos and online resources housed on the RCH learning management system, was designed to maximise the flexibility, sustainability and accessibility of the programme. A brokering and support system for the mentors and the mentees is part of the model.ConclusionAn opt‐in, self‐selected online mentoring programme for junior residents at a tertiary paediatric hospital is an effective and sustainable model of mentoring.
Techno-Economic Optimization of Molten Salt Concentrating Solar Power Parabolic Trough Plants With Packed-Bed Thermocline Tanks
Authors: Klasing Freerk , Hirsch Tobias , Odenthal Christian , Bauer Thomas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This study focuses on the techno-economic optimization of direct molten salt parabolic trough solar thermal power plants (STPPs) equipped with thermocline filler (TCF) thermal energy storage (TES). On one hand, this technology allows for cost reductions compared with state of the art two-tank (2T) TES. On the other hand, however, it leads to a performance decrease of the power block (PB) due to partial part load operation. To evaluate the dominating effect, annual simulations on a system level are performed for the TCF direct molten salt storage concept and, as a reference, for the two-tank direct molten salt storage concept. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) serves as a global measure to compare the two systems and to optimally size the TCF storage and the solar field (SF). The result of this study is that LCOE can theoretically be reduced by up to 8% by using a TCF instead of 2T storage system. The influence of temperature deviations from the nominal value at the end of charge or discharge, porosity and particle diameter of the TCF on LCOE, and system behavior is investigated in detail. This study further presents alternative operation strategies with improved system behavior and reveals determining factors for the integration of TCF storage into a system.
Slope stability hazard in a fjord environment: Douglas Channel, Canada
Authors: Stacey Cooper D. , Lintern D. Gwyn , Shaw John , Conway Kim W. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Douglas Channel is a 140 km-long fjord system on Canada's west coast where steep topography, high annual precipitation and glacially over-deepened bathymetry have resulted in widespread slope failures. A 5 year project involving numerous marine expeditions to the remote area produced a comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and frequency of slope failures in the region. A classification scheme is presented based on morphology and failure mechanism: (1) debris flows are the most common in all parts of the fjord – they are often small with a subaerial component where fjord wall slope is very high or tend to exceed volumes of 10
6
m
3
where fjord wall slope is lower, allowing for accumulation of marine sediments; (2) large failures of oversteepened glacial sediments occurring at transgressive moraines and glaciomarine plateaus following deglaciation – the largest is at Squally Channel with an estimated volume of 10
9
m
3
; (3) fjord wall failures that involve bedrock slump or rock avalanche; (4) translation of marine sediments; (5) composite/other slides; and (6) two scallop-shaped sackungen, or deep-seated gravitational slope deformations of granodiorite with volumes exceeding 60 × 10
6
m
3
. The postglacial marine sedimentary record shows evidence of large-scale slope failures of all styles that were especially active following deglaciation. The Holocene marks a transition to a lower frequency and change to primarily debris flows and smaller rock slides. Slope failures that may be capable of generating tsunamis and may be damaging to coastal infrastructure have occurred in all parts of Douglas Channel through much of the Holocene. Here we present a morphological analysis with volume estimates and age control using multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution sub-bottom data and sediment cores. The study details an extensive analysis of slope failures in a fjord network that can be extended to other fjord environments.
Physicochemical Properties of 1-Vinyl-3-Acetamido Imidazole Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl for Lithium Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Cai Yingjun 
Published: February 2020

Physicochemical Properties of 1-vinyl-3-acetamido imidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl for lithium battery electrolytes

Yingjun Cai†,‡, Nicolas von Solms†, Suojiang Zhang‡,*, Kaj Thomsen†,*

†Center for Energy Resources Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

‡Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
In recent years, high-voltage and fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are being considered as attractive power sources for electric vehicles and energy storage systems [1-3]. Electrolytes as a medium for charge transfer in lithium batteries greatly usually influence the performance with respect to charging/discharging rate, electrochemical window, cyclic life and safety.
Ionic liquids have been intensively studied as one component of the electrolyte in LIB, owing to their perfect characteristics, such as low melting-temperature, non-volatility, high specific conductivity and wide electrochemical window. Acetonitrile has a convenient liquid range and a high dielectric constant of 38.8, and is often used as solvent in electric devices such as LIB and supercapacitors [4,5]. Acetonitrile can easily dissolve solutes exhibiting excellent ionic conductivity that may contribute to fast-charging lithium batteries.
In this research, a new type of functional ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-imidazole bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([VAIM][TFSI]) was synthesized using a two-step method. [VAIM][TFSI] was determined to be a stable liquid from the melting point (~ -30 ℃) to the decomposition temperature (~ 300 ℃) by DSC and TGA. The conductivities in mixtures with different content of ionic liquid were investigated at different temperatures. The highest conductivity of binary mixtures is achieved at 0.07 mole fraction, the value is ~33.22 mS·cm-1 at 298.15 K. The suggested concentration of ionic liquid in the electrolyte is 3 wt % giving a conductivity of ~ 41.08 mS·cm-1 at 298.15 K.
References

P. G. Bruce, S. A. Freunberger, L. J. Hardwick, J. -M. Tarascon, Nature Materials 11 (2012) 19−29.

M. Armand, J.-M. Tarascon, Nature 451 (2008) 652−657.

J. B. Goodenough, Y. Kim, Chemistry of Materials 22 (2010) 587−603.

M. Egashira, H. Todo, N. Yoshimoto, M. Morita, J. I. Yamaki, Journal of Power Sources 174 (2) 2007 560-564.

F. Mizuno, S. Nakanishi, A. Shirasawa, K. Takechi, T. Shiga, H. Nishikoori, H. Iba, Electrochemistry 79 (2011) 876−881.
Bimetallic Cobalt-Copper MOF Material for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Macedo Angela , Grewal Simranjit , Liu Ziqi , Lee Min Hwan 
Published: February 2020

Recently, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered wide attention for their ability to efficiently and effectively catalyze reactions such a water oxidation, which includes oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Still MOFs often suffer from low conductivity, small pore size and organic linkers can often block the active metal centers. However, MOFs can be tailored to overcome these deficiencies by modifying their active metal centers and organic linkers that that can allow MOFs to have: 1. highly porous structure for enhanced diffusion, 2. high surface area 3. improved adsorption of reactants, 4. chemical stability, 5. thermal stability and 6. high conductivity.1,2,3 These attributes aid in enhancing electrocatalytic performance of this material. In addition, the facile synthesis, robust nature and use of abundant materials that are inexpensive, such as transitional metals and organic ligands, help make MOFs a promising material to use for electrocatalysis of water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions.
In this study a bimetallic MOF was synthesized via a solvothermal method using cobalt chloride, copper chloride and 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid. Cobalt and copper were chosen as metal ion centers because of their low cost in comparison to conventional noble metals, their known catalytic activity towards ORR and OER in both alkaline and acidic media, and the complexes they form with 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid that lead to octahedral structures, heterogeneity in the MOF and unsaturated coordination in active metal sites.2,3 The resulting bimetallic MOF material formed a petal like morphology that showed catalytic activity both towards ORR and OER in an alkaline environment, with a half way potential 0.76 V versus RHE for ORR in 0.1 M KOH and an overpotential of 0.31 V at 10 mA/cm2 versus RHE for OER in 1 M KOH. Making this Cu-Co MOF material a potential bifunctional electrocatalyst electrode material for applications in regenerative fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
References:

Jahan, M. et al. A graphene oxide and copper-centered metal organic framework composite as a tri-functional catalyst for HER, OER, and ORR. Adv. Funct. Mater. 23, 5363–5372 (2013).

Xue, Z. et al. Modulating Electronic Structure of Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution. Adv. Energy Mater. 8, 1-7 (2018).

Zhao, S. et al. Ultrathin metal-organic framework nanosheets for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. Nat. Energy. 1, 1–10 (2016).
TNFα Blockade in Checkpoint Inhibition: The Good, the Bad, or the Ugly?
Authors: Weber Jeffrey S. , Postow Michael A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The impact on survival of steroids and TNFα blockade to treat immune-related toxicity from checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab, nivolumab/pembrolizumab, or combined ipilimumab and nivolumab was assessed using data from a large national database. Using steroids was associated with better survival than the use of TNFα-blocking antibodies such as infliximab.
See related article by Verheijden et al., p. 2268
Heat Shock Protein 47 Maintains Cancer Cell Growth by Inhibiting the Unfolded Protein Response Transducer IRE1α
Authors: Yoneda Akihiro , Sakai-Sawada Kaori , Minomi Kenjiro , Tamura Yasuaki 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

HSP47 is a collagen-specific protein chaperone expressed in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and stromal cells. HSP47 is also expressed in and involved in growth of cancer cells in which collagen levels are extremely low. However, its role in cancer remains largely unclear. Here, we showed that HSP47 maintains cancer cell growth via the unfolded protein response (UPR), the activation of which is well known to be induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We observed that HSP47 forms a complex with both the UPR transducer inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and ER chaperone BiP in cancer cells. Moreover, HSP47 silencing triggered dissociation of BiP from IRE1α and IRE1α activation, followed by an increase in the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increase in ROS induced accumulation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-protein adducts and activated two UPR transducers, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α), resulting in impaired cancer cell growth. Our work indicates that HSP47 expressed in cancer cells relieves the ER stress arising from protein synthesis overload within these cells and tumor environments, such as stress induced by hypoxia, low glucose, and pH. We also propose that HSP47 has a biological role that is distinct from its normal function as a collagen-specific chaperone.

Implications:
HSP47 maintains cancer cell growth by inhibiting IRE1α.
Adiposity Change Over the Life Course and Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Han Yunan , Berkey Catherine S. , Herman Cheryl R. , Appleton Catherine M. , Alimujiang Aliya , Colditz Graham A. , Toriola Adetunji T. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Mammographic breast density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. We comprehensively investigated the associations of body mass index (BMI) change from ages 10, 18, and 30 to age at mammogram with mammographic breast density in postmenopausal women. We used multivariable linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, to investigate the associations of BMI change with volumetric percent density, dense volume, and nondense volume, assessed using Volpara in 367 women. At the time of mammogram, the mean age was 57.9 years. Compared with women who had a BMI gain of 0.1–5 kg/m2 from age 10, women who had a BMI gain of 5.1–10 kg/m2 had a 24.4% decrease [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0%–39.2%] in volumetric percent density; women who had a BMI gain of 10.1–15 kg/m2 had a 46.1% decrease (95% CI, 33.0%–56.7%) in volumetric percent density; and women who had a BMI gain of &gt;15 kg/m2 had a 56.5% decrease (95% CI, 46.0%–65.0%) in volumetric percent density. Similar, but slightly attenuated associations were observed for BMI gain from ages 18 and 30 to age at mammogram and volumetric percent density. BMI gain over the life course was positively associated with nondense volume, but not dense volume. We observed strong associations between BMI change over the life course and mammographic breast density. The inverse associations between early-life adiposity change and volumetric percent density suggest that childhood adiposity may confer long-term protection against postmenopausal breast cancer via its effect of mammographic breast density.
Additions to the Odonata (Insecta) fauna of Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Area, West Bengal, India
Authors: Nayak Amar Kumar 
Published: February 2020

Previously, a total of 57 species of Odonata were reported from the Asansol-Durgapur Industrial Area, India. In this present attempt the author reports an additional six species occurring from the same region. Among six of the species were found between January 2016 and September 2019, with one of them belonging to the Aeshnidae family, two to the Gomphidae family, two to the Libellulidae family, and only one damselfly from the Lestidae family. The species Gomphidia leonorae Mitra, 1994 has been reported in this paper for the second time from West Bengal, India, after a gap of 23 years, from Durgapur Barrage, which is situated at the end point of the study area.
Beverage Consumption and Longitudinal Changes in Lipoprotein Concentrations and Incident Dyslipidemia in US Adults: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Haslam Danielle E. , Peloso Gina M. , Herman Mark A. , Dupuis Josée , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Smith Caren E. , McKeown Nicola M. 
Published: February 2020

Background

Limited data are available on the prospective relationship between beverage consumption and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Two major sources of sugar in the
US
diet are sugar‐sweetened beverages (
SSBs
) and 100% fruit juices. Low‐calorie sweetened beverages are common replacements.

Methods and Results

Fasting plasma lipoprotein concentrations were measured in the FOS (Framingham Offspring Study) (1991–2014; N=3146) and Generation Three (2002–2001; N=3584) cohorts. Beverage intakes were estimated from food frequency questionnaires and grouped into 5 intake categories. Mixed‐effect linear regression models were used to examine 4‐year changes in lipoprotein measures, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for incident dyslipidemia, adjusting for potential confounding factors. We found that regular (>1 serving per day) versus low (<1 serving per month)
SSB
consumption was associated with a greater mean decrease in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (β±standard error −1.6±0.4 mg/dL;
P
trend
<0.0001) and increase in triglyceride (β±standard error: 4.4±2.2 mg/dL;
P
trend
=0.003) concentrations. Long‐term regular
SSB
consumers also had a higher incidence of high triglyceride (hazard ratio, 1.52; 95%
CI,
1.03–2.25) compared with low consumers. Although recent regular low‐calorie sweetened beverage consumers had a higher incidence of high non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.40; 95%
CI
, 1.17–1.69) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.05–1.53) concentrations compared with low consumers, cumulative average intakes of low‐calorie sweetened beverages were not associated with changes in non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or incident dyslipidemias.

Conclusions
SSB intake was associated with adverse changes in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, along with a higher risk of incident dyslipidemia, suggesting that increased SSB consumption may contribute to the development of dyslipidemia.
Impact of Different Electronic Cohort Definitions to Identify Patients With Atrial Fibrillation From the Electronic Medical Record
Authors: Shah Rashmee U. , Mukherjee Rebeka , Zhang Yue , Jones Aubrey E. , Springer Jennifer , Hackett Ian , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Lloyd‐Jones Donald M. , Chapman Wendy W. 
Published: February 2020

Background

Electronic medical records (
EMR
s) allow identification of disease‐specific patient populations, but varying electronic cohort definitions could result in different populations. We compared the characteristics of an
electronic medical record
–derived atrial fibrillation (
AF
) patient population using 5 different electronic cohort definitions.

Methods and Results

Adult patients with at least 1
AF
billing code from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, were included. Based on different electronic cohort definitions, we trained 5 different logistic regression models using a labeled training data set (n=786). Each model yielded a predicted probability; patients were classified as having
AF
if the probability was higher than a specified cut point. Test characteristics were calculated for each model. These models were then applied to the full cohort and resulting characteristics were compared. In the training set, the comprehensive model (including demographics, billing codes, and natural language processing results) performed best, with an area under the curve of 0.89, sensitivity of 0.90, and specificity of 0.87. Among a candidate population (n=22 000), the proportion of patients identified as having
AF
varied from 61% in the model using diagnosis or procedure
International Classification of Diseases
(
ICD
) billing codes to 83% in the model using natural language processing of clinical notes. Among identified
AF
patients, the proportion of patients with a
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c score ≥2 varied from 69% to 85%;
oral anticoagulant
treatment rates varied from 50% to 66% depending on the model.

Conclusions

Different electronic cohort definitions result in substantially different
AF
study samples. This difference threatens the quality and reproducibility of electronic medical record–based research and quality initiatives.
Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic position of Hemicycliophora labiata Colbran, 1960, from turfgrass in Korea, with comments on its morphology
Authors: Mwamula Abraham Okki , Kim Yeong Ho , Na Heebeen , An Hyeon Jeong , Kim Young Ho , Lee Dong Woon 
Published: February 2020

Summary
Hemicycliophora labiata was reported from the rhizosphere of Poa pratensis and for the first time in Korea. Females and juveniles are molecularly characterised and morphological and morphometric descriptions supplied. Species identification was made using an integrative approach considering morphological characteristics and the results of the analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rRNA and the partial COI gene sequences. The phylogenetic position of H. labiata is resolved after recent misidentifications due to the existence of a wide morphological plasticity within the genus. Females and juveniles from Korea conform to the original description and also to subsequent species descriptions from Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and India. Despite the close morphological similarities with H. typica de Man, 1921, the two species can be adequately differentiated based on molecular data. This is the first molecular characterisation of H. labiata. The use of molecular markers in species delimitation continues to explore the existence of species complexes, thus providing a better understanding of the unresolved species biodiversity within this speciose genus.