bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influencing factors of the Tmax parameter in Rock-Eval pyrolysis
Authors: Gao Xiuwei , Wang Pengli , Li Ji , Wang Ming , Ma Wanyun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rock pyrolysis parameter Tmax is an important index to evaluate the maturity of organic matter in source rocks. However, during the use of Tmax, it is found that the Tmax value of some samples does not conform to the thermal evolution law of organic matter when evaluating the maturity of organic matter, which affects the accuracy of geological applications. Studying the influencing factors of the rock pyrolysis parameter Tmax analysis data is beneficial to improve the experimental method to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, and it is of great significance to the correct evaluation of the source rock type and maturity of the source rock. In this paper, the effects of sample mixing uniformity, sample weight, soluble organic matter and minerals on the rock pyrolysis parameter Tmax are analyzed experimentally. It is concluded that the degree of sample uniformity and the amount of sample will affect the results. Soluble organic matter will lead to a decrease in Tmax. With the change of kerogen/clay mineral ratio, the influence of clay mineral on the pyrolysis parameter Tmax.
Simulation of thermochemical sulfate reduction of gaseous hydrocarbons in Wushenqi area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Yao Jingli , Kong Qingfen , Fan Liyong , Deng Rui , Sun Yu , Liu Min , Shi Shuyong , Chen Chengsheng , Wang Yunpeng , Guo Huijuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Prediction of the H2S distribution is critical to lower the risks during petroleum exploration and development in the exploration area. Natural gas of two wells produced from the Ordovician Majiagou Formation Ma5-6 section from Wushenqi area show great difference in H2S content. To investigate whether the different thermal maturity of the two wells contributes to the different H2S content, the thermal mature history and transformation ratio of gas hydrocarbons and sulfate into H2S and CO2 through TSR (thermochemical sulfate reduction) were simulated by using Petromod 2016. Simulation result shows that difference of thermal maturity of the two wells is about 0.6%. Propane and butane have all been consumed to generate H2S. The transformation ratio of ethane is higher for the well with higher thermal maturity. The high H2S content in the well with high thermal maturity and no H2S in the well with lower thermal maturity was not caused by the different thermal maturity. Some other geological factors should be considered.
History of hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases and its hydrocarbon differential accumulation of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin
Authors: Jiang Hua , Li Bin , Jiang Qingchun , Huang Shipeng , Zhang Haoran , Wang Ruiju , Wang Su 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sichuan Basin has undergone three stages of important tectonic events at the end of Early Paleozoic, Late Paleozoic-Early Mesozoic, and Late Cenozoic. These tectonic events have put strong influence on hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulations of Sinian Dengying Formation. Hydrocarbon differential accumulation of differential areas has been controlled by multi-stages tectonic activities. By studying the history of tectonic movements, the distribution of ancient oil and gas accumulation and present gas reservoir, history of hydrocarbon accumulations spanning important tectonic phases has been recovered. Gaoshiti-Moxi gas-bearing structure is an inherited uplift, where natural gas has been mostly efficient accumulated. But Dingshan area of Southern Sichuan Basin was different, traps were damaged during the late gas accumulation stage, while ancient trap existed during the period of oil generation in for there was so much bitumen. The crucial period of hydrocarbon was from Later Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, the Qiongzhusi Formation of lower Cambrian reached a high generation, liquid hydrocarbons after thermal cracking became gaseous hydrocarbon in palaeo-reservoir, which gaseous hydrocarbon formed present reservoir after accumulation.
Geochemical characterisation of Lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation kerogens, Anambra Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Faboya O L , Sonibare O O , Xu J B , Cheng B , Deng Q , Wei Z W , Olowookere A , Liao Z W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The source rock potential of kerogen isolated from shales, carbonaceous shales and sub-bituminous coals from the Lower Maastrichtian Mamu Formation in the Anambra Basin were determined using the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and Rock-Eval. analysis data. The TOC contents exhibit wide variations, ranging from 1.30 to 58.28 wt%. The hydrogen index (HI) and the genetic potential (GP) values ranged from 160 to 235 mg HC/g TOC and 32 to 133.11 mg HC/g rock, respectively. Plots from the Rock-Eval pyrolysis and elemental compositions classified the organic matter as mixture of Type II and III kerogens. The carbon isotopic values ranged from -28.12 to -26.49‰, supporting the mixed origin (Type II/III kerogen) although, the carbonaceous shale and coal samples are typically dominated by Type III kerogen. The Tmax values for the samples ranged from 417 to 422 °C . This study shows that the samples contain high quantity and good quality organic matter capable of generating oil and gas but are thermally immature within the intervals studied.
Oil generation character of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling formation during stepwise pyrolysis
Authors: MA Sihong , WANG Xiaomei , SU Jin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The exploration potential of Mesoproterozoic petroleum system has getting increasingly attention and the oil generation character of Mesoproterozoic source rock is still uncertain. To solve the problem, this study choose sample from Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling formation from north China, using the stepwise gold tube pyrolysis method to study the oil generation character and the composition of liquid pyrolysates, and choose sample from Mesozoic Yanchang formation in middle China as a comparison to study their differences in oil generation character. The results showed that oil generation window of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling sample in this research was earlier and narrower, with an earlier oil generation peak, this maybe the result of the single source of organic matter and its labile chemical bound. Furthermore, mainly source of organic carbon, like cyanobacteria and acritarchs, were lack of lipid compounds, perhaps this could make the relative concentration of saturated hydrocarbon in liquid pyrolysates of Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling sample much lower than the Mesozoic Yanchang sample with the same kerogen type, nonpolar fraction of liquid pyrolysates in the oil generation window were mainly aromatic hydrocarbon. Maybe the results mean that although Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling formation is still in low maturity stage, it may has already started oil generation, and type of oil generated by Mesoproterozoic source rock in oil generation window may have significant difference from the Phanerozoic source rock.
Application of fine analysis technology for gas-source on condensate gas reservoirs in the Dinan Uplift
Authors: Wang Ming , Mi Julei , Yu Shuang , Zhou Ni , Li Ji , Rouzi Dilidaer 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some researches on the distribution of Carboniferous source rock in the Dinan uplift, Junggar Basin, has been clear that the Songkaersu Formation (C1
s
b) is relatively implement, but that of the Dishuiquan Formation (C1
d) is still uncertain. The acknowledgment and conclusion of the hydrocarbon generation and gas generation capacity of C1
d source rocks are fairly limited, and thus the contribution of this set of source rock to the natural gas in the southern Dinan uplift exists a certain dispute. In this paper, based on the predecessors’ research work, the fine-scale comparison of fingerprint characteristics between the two sets of source rocks in Carboniferous by using monomer hydrocarbon carbon isotope technique, and at the same time, the condensate oils which were associated with Carboniferous natural gas in this region were also compared in detail. As such, the contribution of Carboniferous C1
s
b and C1
d source rocks was determined.
2D petroleum system modeling to reduce exploration well deployment risks: a case study from the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China sea
Authors: Luo M , Xu J H , Zhou J J , Zhou Y H , Liu W Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To overcome the limitations of traditional way of exploration well deployment, an innovative workflow was developed to focus on dynamic factors with 2D petroleum system modeling technology. It was applied in the Zhu1 depression of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, Southern China, helping geologists to improve their understanding of the dynamic elements such as the generation of the source rocks and migration pathways along faults. Simulation show that source and migration can be screened from six risk factors, “Source”,” Reservoir”,” Cap”,” Migration”, “Trap” and “Preservation”. More simulations focused on two of the factors for different geological scenarios, fault properties, such as active period, and source rock properties, such as thickness, total organic carbon, hydrogen index. faults are the main migration control as their active period matches the main oil migration time. Of them, those cut through source rock layers and have the same inclination as that of the source rock formation acted as good migration paths. Source rock properties not only control the amount of oil generated, but also influence the vertical and lateral migration distances. Drilling result proves clearly that this new workflow is valuable for studying geological uncertainties and reduce exploration ricks.
Characteristics of wufeng-longmaxi formation shale gas sweet layer: a case study of weiyuan-rongchang block in the south of sichuan basin, China
Authors: Yang Zhenheng , Shen Baojian , Li Maowen , Zhang Qinzhen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Taking the typical shale well of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Weiyuan shale gas block of the South Sichuan Basin as an example, based on core observation, core slice, ar-ion milling SEM, physical property test, X-ray diffraction, geochemical analysis and on-site gas content test, the author systematically evaluated the Wufeng-Longmaxi geological sweet layer from the aspects of petrology, mineral composition, organic geochemistry, hydrocarbon-generating organism, physical property, pore type and gas content.The research shows that the lithology of the geological sweet layer in Weiyuan area is mainly composed of black carbonaceous shale, and laminae are developed. Compared with the Jiaoshiba area, the carbonate mineral content is higher and the quartz mineral content is relatively lower. The sweet layer has high TOC, and is at a stage of high maturity. It is rich in hydrocarbon-generating organism such as graptolites, algae, sponge bones and bacteria. The inorganic pores and organic pores of the sweet layer are well developed. The inorganic pores are mainly clay mineral pores, feldspar alteration pores and intercrystalline pores of pyrite. In terms of gas content, it has the characteristics of high gas content and high Initial dissipation rate, which provides a possibility for high yield and stable production of fracturing in this layer.The geological sweet layer has high organic carbon content, is rich in hydrocarbon-generating organisms, has a large potential for gas generation, and generated enough gas after a period of high mature evolution; at the same time, a large number of inorganic pores and organic pores generated in diagenetic evolution, these pores provide space for shale gas generation, as the same time, it increases the permeability of the sweet layer. The study area has good preservation conditions, it has favorable top and bottom Stratum conditions, and does not have large destructive fractures and destructive fluid activities, The above factors make the shale gas enriched and preserved, which provides the possibility of high and stable yield after fracturing.
Application the FT-IR spectroscopy to study the accumulations of Permian mixed petroleum systems in the central Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Zhou Ni , Rouzi Dilidaer , Xiang Baoli , Gao Xiuwei , Wang Haijing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Oil-source and its differences in mixed petroleum systems are one of the most important scientific problems in petroleum geology and geochemistry fields. Geochemistry provides useful information for exploration including source rock quality, thermal maturity, oil-source correlation, migration and accumulation relative to trap formation, which greatly reduces the risk of petroleum exploration. Traditionally, petroleum geochemistry analysis relies heavily on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and carbon isotopes, which have been used as proxies to connect the petroleum geochemistry with oil-gas exploration, and has achieved remarkable success. These methods, however, have met with difficulties more and more along the complexity of oil compositions in exploration. This is because oils are complex mixtures of aliphatics, aromatics and NSO (nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen) compounds. Thus, to develop new methodologies to study oil geochemistry becomes more and more urgent. In this study, we demonstrate that Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as a new rapid and non-expensive alternative technique, could be used to investigate the mixed. Here we address this issue based on a case study in the Permian lacustrine petroleum systems within central Junggar Basin (NW China), of which results have been restrained by traditional molecular geochemistry. Results there are two main mixed-source areas with different mixing proportions in Sinan oil-field of the central Junggar Basin. This characteristic can be applied directly in regional exploration.
A Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy after Constrained Groove Pressing
Authors: Thuy Pham Thi , Hue Dang Thi Hong , Ngung Dao Minh , Quang Pham 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study the AZ31 magnesium alloy trips of the dimension 60×60×3mmwas used for constrained groove pressing (CGP) after 4 cycles under elevated temperature condition. Microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed for a material with ultra-fine grained structure prepared by CGP of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Analysis of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs observations showed significant drop of the grain size from (50 ÷ 60)μmto (4 ÷ 6)μmafter four CGP cycles. The minimal grain size of (H1.5)μmwas detected in the regions of the highest deformation. Moreover, the tensile test along thexandzdirections showed excellent high strength (325 MPa) and also plastic elongation of 35 %. It is shown that the CGP technique is a good tool for the grain refinement and improving mechanical properties of magnesium alloys.
Effect of Ultrasonic Peening Treatment on VHCF Behavior of Friction Stir Welded Joints in Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Zhang Ruofan , Li Xue , Liu Yongjie , He Chao , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studying the mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 6061 friction stir welded (FSW) joints after ultrasonic peening treatment (UPT) under very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) loading. The effect of joints ultrasonic peening treatment was explored. It can be seen from the results that the ultrasonic peening treatment can form a reinforced layer on the surface of joints, and the fatigue crack source is transferred from the surface of the specimen to the inside. However, the change of fatigue crack initiation site does not improve the fatigue strength of specimen through ultrasonic peening treatment. The fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy 6061 joint after ultrasonic peening treatment is even lower than as a received condition. The characteristics of fatigue crack initiation and the mechanism of surface strengthened layer on fatigue strength were analyzed and discussed.
Advanced Micromorphology Analysis of Cu/Fe NPs Thin Films
Authors: Țălu Ș , Ghaderi A , Stępień K , Mwema F M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, an advanced analysis of Cu/Fe NPs thin films using atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been discussed to characterize at nanoscale 3-D surface microtexture. Samples of Cu/Fe thin films were fabricated by Direct Current-Magnetron Sputtering technique with two controlled thicknesses (group I: Cu 55 nm/Fe 55 nm and group II: Cu 55 nm/Fe 70 nm) in specific conditions of pressure and power. The results obtained from experimental measurements suggested that the surface of group I has the lowest values for fractal dimension (D = 2.28 ± 0.01) and root mean square height (Sq = 4.40 ± 0.1 nm); while the highest values for fractal dimension (D = 2.31 ± 0.01) and root mean square height (Sq = 4.67 ± 0.1 nm) were found in group II. Stereometric and fractal analyses applied for thin films are modern tools for accurate quantitative morphometric characterisation.
FEA of BTA Deep Hole Drilling Based on ANSYS
Authors: Liu Xin , Feng Yazhou 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper takes BTA deep hole drilling as the research object. ANSYS software is used in the static and dynamic analysis of the force of BTA deep hole drilling process from theory and in modeling and simulation. Firstly, According to the finite element analysis, the most concentrated stress and the largest deformation of the cutting tool are the cutting edge and the cutting surface of the tool block. The main vibration of drill stem is in the form of twist and bending. Sceondly, it is concluded that the main vibration of drill stem is in the form of twist and bending through the modal analysis. Finally, the natural frequency of this type of BTA drill stem is obtained by analyzing the amplitude response curve, and it is suggested to avoid the rotational speed near the dangerous speed during machining to avoid resonance of the drill stem.
Effect of Stratum on the Interfacial Stress and Structural Integrity of Cement Sheath
Authors: Zhang Jingfu , Wang Jiancheng , Wang Shuting , Shao Shuai , Xiao Wenhui , Lin Ziyang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to determine the method of protecting the cement sheath structural integrity in oil and gas wells, the finite element mechanics models of the Casing-Cement sheath-Stratum Combination Body (CCSCB) were established based on different stratum action mechanism. The effect of stratum type, well depth, crustal stress and stratum elastic modulus on the interface stress and structural integrity of cement sheath were researched. The results show that, in the creep stratum, the interface contact pressure of cement sheath increase and the circumferential stresses reduce with the increase of crustal stress. There is no effect of the crustal stress on the interface stress in the elastic and rigid stratum. In elastic stratum and low crustal stress creep stratum, circumferential tensile stress would be generated at cement sheath when loading. The cement sheath is easy to crack by this tensile stress and the structural integrity is destroyed when the load was higher. The effect of stratum elastic modulus on the interface stress is related to the stratum and stress type. There is no influence of the elastic modulus on the interface stresses in the rigid stratum. The influence of the elastic modulus on the interface contact pressure is obvious in the elastic stratum, and the effect on the circumferential stress is obvious in the creep stratum.
A Study on Analysis of Long Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge
Authors: Xu Guihong , Yang Bin , Chen Chuang , Wei Shirong , Li Zhenxue 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case study of a large span pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge (Ba-Mao-Chong bridge) of GUI DU high speed railway. Finite element program Midas/Civil is used to simulate the construction process and operation phase, the influence of concrete overweight, pre-stressing loss, concrete shrinkage and creep, stiffness loss and other factors that related the long-term deflection of bridge are analyzed. The calculation results show that: (1) The overweight concrete and Bridge deck pavement construction error could cause the bridge long-term deflection increases. (2) The creep coefficient, environment humidity, and other factors on the bridge have significantly influence on long-term mid-span deflection, (3) The beam stiffness reduction could lead to the bridge long-term mid-span deflection increase.
Structural Optimization of Flood Control Screw Piles: A Review
Authors: Hu Kun , Tang Yanqin , Jia Fanfei , Wang Yuxing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of research on flood control piling equipment, and lists the existing domestic flood control piling equipment. The research status of screw piles at home and abroad in recent ten years is summarized from three aspects: bearing capacity, installation torque, stress and strain of soil. This paper introduces some optimization methods closely related to screw piles, such as evolutionary algorithm, neural network, numerical simulation optimization method, and makes a comparative analysis of the optimization methods that can be adopted for the screw pile.at last Several directions which need to be further studied in the future are put forward.
Analysis of Immunological Activity of Recombinant Outer Membrane Protein of Fusobacterium Necrophorum
Authors: Jia Hang , Wang Shengxin , Zhang Xiaoli , Guo Yang , Xu Jing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To investigate the prokaryotic expression of 93 ku outer membrane protein (OMP) obtained from Fusobacterium necrophorum and the response to immunization and cytotoxicity in mice. The recombinant plasmid pET-28a-OMP was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) competent form, and a recombinant outer membrane protein containing 2 His tags (label size 3.8 ku) was expressed. The mice were immunized as immunization antigens by Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein had a molecular weight of about 93 ku. After the immunization, the serum antibody titer of the experimental group was higher, at the same time, in the challenge experiment, the liver has certain toxicity, and the protection rate is 83.3%. The recombinant 93 ku outer membrane protein of Fusobacterium necrophorum has a good immune response level and provides basic data for the study of the subunit vaccine of Fusobacterium necrophorum.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate with the Assistance of Amino Acids
Authors: Liu Yanru , Yang Lei , Ou-Yang Zhiyuan , Chen Jin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two acidic amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid) and four neutral amino acids (cysteine, serine, tyrosine, glycine) were used as inducers for calcium carbonate biomimetic synthesis. The results showed that aspartic acid introduced is more effective for the growth of aragonite, while glutamic acid used is more effective for the growth of vaterite. Compared to those acidic amino acids, neutral amino acids used lead to less aragonite or vaterite produced, and tyrosine and serine show stronger effects on the growth of aragonite and vaterite than cysteine and glycine. On the other hands, it was found that the increased concentration of amino acid shows positive effects on the growth of aragonite and vaterite. In addition, the enhanced concentration of calcium chloride results in the increased crystalline volume of calcite significantly, as well as the more orderly structure as shown in scanning electron microscopy investigation. Meanwhile, the high calcium chloride concentration indicates weak inhibitory effect on aragonite growth but no significant influence on the growth of vaterite.