bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printed Random Lasers
Authors: Hsu Yun‐Tzu , Lin Yen‐Yu , Chen Yi‐Zih , Lin Hsia‐Yu , Liao Yu‐Ming , Hou Cheng‐Fu , Wu Min‐Hsuan , Deng Wei‐Ning , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract3D printing technology sparks a paradigm shift in one‐step production, mass customization, and waste minimization. Of late, tremendous advances have been made in 3D printing research, including electronic components, energy‐storage gadgets, and medical therapeutic widgets. Lasers with enormous applicable values, ranging from information communication, to health treatment, to industrial manufacturing, have pervasively penetrated and significantly contributed to modern society. However, until now, the platform of 3D printed lasers is absent in all published work. Here, 3D printing technique endowed with great versatility and accessibility allows the possibility to export any desired laser item free from geometrical restraints, constitutional constraints, and skill limitations. Furthermore, based on the biodissolvability, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of the filament, customized 3D printed random laser devices for speckle‐free bioimaging and large‐scale phototherapy are constructed to investigate inherent multistructures and multifunctional biological systems, providing an excellent solution for intriguing yet challenging issues from extremely complicated groups. It is envisioned that 3D printed random lasers will pave the way for a series of long‐anticipated proofs of concept, such as full‐field imaging implants, microfluidic laser sensors, and photonic circuit systems.
Chemoselective Tertiary C−H Hydroxylation for Late‐Stage Functionalization with Mn(PDP)/Chloroacetic Acid Catalysis
Authors: Chambers Rachel K. , Zhao Jinpeng , Delaney Connor P. , White M. Christina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAromatic and heterocyclic functionality are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals. Herein, we disclose a new Mn(PDP) catalyst system using chloroacetic acid additive capable of chemoselectively oxidizing remote tertiary C(sp3)−H bonds in the presence of a broad range of aromatic and heterocyclic moieties. Although catalyst loadings can be lowered to 0.1 mol% under a Mn(PDP)/acetic acid system for aromatic and non‐basic nitrogen heterocycle substrates, the Mn(PDP)/chloroacetic acid system generally affords 10–15% higher isolated yields on these substrates and is uniquely effective for remote C(sp3)−H hydroxylations in substrates housing basic nitrogen heterocycles. The demonstrated ability to perform Mn(PDP)/chloroacetic acid C(sp3)−H oxidations in pharmaceutically relevant complex molecules on multi‐gram scales will facilitate drug discovery processes via late‐stage functionalization.magnified image
Ligand‐Controlled Direct γ‐C−H Arylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Li Bijin , Lawrence Brianna , Li Guigen , Ge Haibo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe first example of PdII‐catalyzed γ‐C(sp3)−H functionalization of aliphatic and benzoheteroaryl aldehydes has been developed using a transient ligand and an external ligand, concurrently. A wide array of γ‐arylated aldehydes were readily accessed without preinstalling internal directing groups. The catalytic mechanism was studied by performing deuterium‐labelling experiments, which indicated that the γ‐C(sp3)−H bond cleavage is the rate‐limiting step during the reaction process. This reaction could be performed on a gram scale, and also demonstrated its potential application in the synthesis of new mechanofluorochromic materials with blue‐shifted mechanochromic properties.
C−H Oxygenation Reactions Enabled by Dual Catalysis with Electrogenerated Hypervalent Iodine Species and Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Massignan Leonardo , Tan Xuefeng , Meyer Tjark H. , Kuniyil Rositha , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents by anodic electrooxidation was orchestrated towards an unprecedented electrocatalytic C−H oxygenation of weakly coordinating aromatic amides and ketones. Thus, catalytic quantities of iodoarenes in concert with catalytic amounts of ruthenium(II) complexes set the stage for versatile C−H activations with ample scope and high functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation substantiate the role of the iodoarene as the electrochemically relevant species towards C−H oxygenations with electricity as a sustainable oxidant and molecular hydrogen as the sole by‐product. para‐Selective C−H oxygenations likewise proved viable in the absence of directing groups.
Synthesis, characterization, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies of some piperonyl‐based 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives
Authors: Genc Bilgicli Hayriye , Taslimi Parham , Akyuz Busra , Tuzun Burak , Gulcin İlhami 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHeterocyclic compounds are of particular importance among pharmacologically active compounds. In this study, some piperonyl‐based 4‐thiazolidinone derivatives (2a–i) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic assays. All molecules were tested as enzyme inhibitory factors. These compounds were effective inhibitors of the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α‐glycosidase (α‐Gly), and the human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms (hCA I and II), with Ki values in the range of 8.90–66.51 nM for α‐Gly, 94.8–289.5 nM for hCA I, 106.3–304.6 nM for hCA II, and 0.55–2.36 nM for AChE. The synthesized molecules were also studied theoretically. Molecular docking calculations were performed to investigate the interaction between the target protein and molecules. CA inhibitor compounds have been clinically used for almost 60 years as antiglaucoma and diuretic drugs. The inhibition of the AChE enzyme results in the blockage of ACh hydrolysis. On the contrary, the design of inhibitor compounds or/and modulators for AChE is of major interest as it is one of the most popular tools to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
Ökologische Nachhaltigkeit von Großumbaumaschinen bei Ober‐ und Unterbausanierungen von Bahntrassen
Authors: Gschösser Florian , Lumetzberger Dominik , Burtscher Eugen , Tautschnig Arnold 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiese Studie untersucht die ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitspotenziale von Eisenbahnober‐ und ‐unterbausanierungen mit Großbaumaschinen (Aushubmaschine (AHM), Schnellumbauzug (SUZ) und Gleisstopfmaschine), wozu ein ökobilanzieller Vergleich zu Sanierungen mit konventionellem Erdbau (Bagger, Planierraupe, Walze und Lkw) durchgeführt wird. Als Fallstudie wird ein Abschnitt des Projekts Lustenau–Lauterach der ÖBB herangezogen. Die Studie untersucht relevante Prozesse bis zur Fertigstellung der Sanierung, d. h. vom Rückbau bis zur Materialproduktion, dem Materialtransport bis hin zum Einbau der notwendigen Materialien. Dabei werden Unterschiede bzgl. Treibstoffverbrauch der Baumaschinen, Anteilen an der Maschinenproduktion (Verhältnis Baudauer zu Lebensdauer der Maschine), Materialrecycling, Materialtransport und Transportlogistik bzw. Schienenersatzverkehr in Abhängigkeit von notwendigen Streckensperren untersucht. Die Gegenüberstellung der Ökobilanzergebnisse zeigt für die Großbaumaschinenvariante Vorteile von bis zu 46 % an reduzierten Umweltbelastungen, obwohl die Großbaumaschinen aufgrund ihrer höheren Motorleistung einen höheren Bedarf an Treibstoff für die Herstellungsprozesse benötigen. Die Verlagerung der Materialtransporte auf die Schiene, die Vermeidung der Notwendigkeit einer Baustraße, die Möglichkeit der Materialaufbereitung in der AHM und eine Verkürzung der Streckensperre bewirken jedoch einen positiven ökologischen Effekt, welcher den Mehrverbrauch an Diesel für die Herstellungsprozesse kompensiert.
In vitro and in vivo methods to assess pharmacokinetic drug– drug interactions in drug discovery and development
Authors: Lu Chuang , Di Li 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDrug–drug interactions (DDIs) caused by the co‐administration of multiple drugs are major safety concerns in the clinic. Several drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to perpetrator or victim DDIs. Strategies have been developed to assess DDI risks early in drug discovery to reduce DDI liabilities. High‐to‐medium throughput assays are available to identify undesirable scaffolds and to guide structural modifications to minimize DDIs. Definitive methods are used at later stages of drug discovery and development to provide a more accurate measurement of DDI parameters and to enable clinical translations. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulations are powerful tools to accurately predict DDIs and to assess risks in the clinic. Although significant advances have been made over the years, many challenges remain for clinical DDI translations. This includes DDIs involving non‐cytochrome P450 enzymes, transporters, enzyme‐transporter interplay, indirect effects from biologics, and pharmacodynamic based DDI. This review focuses on methods that are used to assess hepatic DDIs caused by enzyme inhibition and induction.
Ubiquitin Signaling Regulates RNA Biogenesis, Processing, and Metabolism
Authors: Thapa Pankaj , Shanmugam Nilesh , Pokrzywa Wojciech 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe fate of eukaryotic proteins, from their synthesis to destruction, is supervised by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is the primary pathway responsible for selective proteolysis of intracellular proteins, which is guided by covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins by E1 (activating), E2 (conjugating), and E3 (ligating) enzymes in a process known as ubiquitylation. The UPS can also regulate protein synthesis by influencing multiple steps of RNA (ribonucleic acid) metabolism. Here, recent publications concerning the interplay between the UPS and different types of RNA are reviewed. This interplay mainly involves specific RNA‐binding E3 ligases that link RNA‐dependent processes with protein ubiquitylation. The emerging understanding of their modes of RNA binding, their RNA targets, and their molecular and cellular functions are primarily focused on. It is discussed how the UPS adapted to interact with different types of RNA and how RNA molecules influence the ubiquitin signaling components.
Structural and Biochemical Insight into the Recruitment of Acyl Carrier Protein‐Linked Extender Units in Ansamitocin Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Fa , Ji Huining , Ali Imtiaz , Deng Zixin , Bai Linquan , Zheng Jianting 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA few acyltransferase (AT) domains of modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) recruit acyl carrier protein (ACP)‐linked extender units with unusual C2 substituents to confer functionalities that are not available in coenzyme A (CoA)‐linked ones. In this study, an AT specific for methoxymalonyl (MOM)‐ACP in the third module of the ansamitocin PKS was structurally and biochemically characterized. The AT uses a conserved tryptophan residue at the entrance of the substrate binding tunnel to discriminate between different carriers. A W275R mutation switches its carrier specificity from the ACP to the CoA molecule. The acyl‐AT complex structures clearly show that the MOM‐ACP accepted by the AT has the 2S instead of the opposite 2R stereochemistry that is predicted according to the biosynthetic derivation from a d‐glycolytic intermediate. Together, these results reveal the structural basis of ATs recognizing ACP‐linked extender units in polyketide biosynthesis.
Disruption of the dividing membrane in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy
Authors: Shiraishi Tatsunori , Shibata Yoshie , Owada Momoko , Suzuki Shunji 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDisruption of the dividing membrane in monochorionic diamniotic twins is associated with a higher incidence of prematurity and neonatal morbidity. In the present case, a cramped fragment of the dividing membrane could be noted following fetoscopic laser photocoagulation.
Computational color combination analysis of Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects
Authors: Kakehashi Erina , Muramatsu Keiichi , Hibino Haruo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, our aim is to clarify the color combination rules of the human‐preferred Papilionidae butterflies as aesthetic objects. A set of 118 butterfly images, including color polyphenism from the 47 Papilionidae species that are generally preferred by humans, was selected. These images were classified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on similarities of lightness, chroma, and hue attributes in CIELAB space, determined using histogram intersection. Then, the color distributions and combinations in each cluster were analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model and the color combination types defined in the present study. Accordingly, we obtained the following main color combination rules of human‐preferred Papilionidae: (a) dominant low lightness and contrasting lightness components, (b) dominant low chroma and similar chroma components, and (c) dominant orange to yellow‐green hue and similar hue components. These rules partly agree with the robust harmony principles found in previous research. We infer that the cognitive effects concerning the processing fluency through these color combination rules influence human aesthetic responses.
Zeolite Structure Direction: Identification, Strength and Involvement of Weak CH⋅⋅⋅O Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Mineva Tzonka , Dib Eddy , Gaje Arnold , Petitjean Hugo , Bantignies Jean‐Louis , Alonso Bruno 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate that weak CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds (HBs) are important host−guest interactions in zeolite assemblies involving structure directing organocations. This type of HB is identified between alkyl groups of the organic structure directing agent (OSDA) and the silica framework in as‐synthesized silicalite‐1 of complex topology (MFI) using a combination of experimental and theoretical data obtained at low and room temperatures. The 28 weak CH⋅⋅⋅O HBs, evidenced along dynamics simulation at room temperature, represent 30 % of the energy of the Coulomb electrostatic interaction between OSDA and the zeolite framework. The strongest and most stable HB found here connects the OSDA to the [415262] cage containing F atoms and should contribute to preserve zeolite topology during crystal growth. An inspection of other as‐synthesized zeolites of very different framework topology indicates that the directional CH⋅⋅⋅O HBs have to be considered when discussing zeolite structure directing phenomena.
A diet high in fat and fructose adversely affects osseointegration of titanium implants in rats
Authors: King Shalinie , Baptiston Tanaka Carina , Ross Dean , Kruzic Jamie J. , Levinger Itamar , Klineberg Iven , Brennan‐Speranza Tara C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesDiet‐induced metabolic dysfunction such as type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of implant failure in both dental and orthopaedic settings. We hypothesised that a diet high in fat and fructose would adversely affect peri‐implant bone structure and function including osseointegration.Materials and methodsThirty female Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 10), control group (normal chow) and two intervention groups on a high‐fat (60%), high‐fructose (20%; HFHF) diet. Titanium implants were placed in the proximal tibial metaphysis in all groups either before commencing the diet (dHFHF group) or 6 weeks after commencing the diet (HFHF group) and observed for an 8‐week healing period. Fasting blood glucose levels (fBGLs) were measured weekly. Structural and functional features of the peri‐implant bone, including bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), were analysed post euthanasia using microcomputed tomography, pull‐out tests, and dynamic histomorphometry.ResultsThe fBGLs were unchanged across all groups. Peri‐implant trabecular bone volume was reduced in the HFHF group compared with controls (p = .02). Percentage BIC was reduced in both HFHF group (25.42 ± 3.61) and dHFHF group (28.56 ± 4.07) compared with the control group (43.26 ± 3.58, p < .05) and reflected the lower pull‐out loads required in those groups. Osteoblast activity was reduced in both intervention groups compared with the control group (p < .05).ConclusionThe HFHF diet compromised osseointegration regardless of whether the implant was placed before or after the onset of the diet and, despite the absence of elevated fBGLs, confirming that changes in bone cell function affected both the initiation and maintenance of osseointegration independent of blood glucose levels.
From the Cradle to the Grave of an Infection: Host‐Pathogen Interaction Visualized by Intravital Microscopy
Authors: Handschuh Juliane , Amore Jonas , Müller Andreas J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring infections, interactions between host immune cells and the pathogen occur in distinct anatomical locations and along defined time scales. This can best be assessed in the physiological context of an infection in the living tissue. Consequently, intravital imaging has enabled us to dissect the critical phases and events throughout an infection in real time in living tissues. Specifically, advances in visualizing specific cell types and individual pathogens permitted tracking the early events of tissue invasion of the pathogen, cellular interactions involved in the induction of the immune response as well the events implicated in clearance of the infection. In this respect, two vantage points have evolved since the initial employment of this technique in the field of infection biology. On the one hand, strategies acquired by the pathogen to establish within the host and circumvent or evade the immune defenses have been elucidated. On the other hand, analyzing infections from the immune system's perspective has led to insights into the dynamic cellular interactions that are involved in the initial recognition of the pathogen, immune induction as well as effector function delivery and immunopathology. Furthermore, an increasing interest in probing functional parameters in vivo has emerged, such as the analysis of pathogen reactivity to stress conditions imposed by the host organism in order to mediate clearance upon pathogen encounter. Here, we give an overview on recent intravital microscopy findings of host‐pathogen interactions along the course of an infection, from both the immune system's and pathogen's perspectives. We also discuss recent developments and future perspectives in extracting intravital information beyond the localization of pathogens and their interaction with immune cells. Such reporter systems on the pathogen's physiological state and immune cell functions may prove useful in dissecting the functional dynamics of host‐pathogen interactions. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Positive intergroup contact decreases the likelihood that prejudicial attitudes become avoidant behavioral tendencies
Authors: Bagci Sabahat Cigdem , Turnuklu Abbas , Tercan Mustafa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether existing intergroup contact experiences moderated the associations between prejudicial attitudes and behavioral tendencies towards outgroups across five studies in Turkey (total N = 1,281). Findings showed that among Turks who reported higher levels of cross‐group friendship quantity (Study 1) and greater positive (but not negative) contact (Study 2) with Kurds, prejudicial attitudes did not predict negative outgroup behavioral tendencies. Confirming these studies, Study 3 indicated that the association between homophobic attitudes and outgroup avoidance/approach tendencies was weaker among individuals who reported more LGBTI friends. Study 4 replicated the latter finding among children using Syrians as the target outgroup. Study 5 further showed that the buffering role of intergroup contact occurred only among participants who held less certain attitudes towards Syrian refugees. Findings provide insights into how existing contact experiences shape the relationship between negative attitudes towards outgroups and relevant behavioral intentions.
Comparative energy analysis from fire resistance tests on combustible versus noncombustible slabs
Authors: Bartlett Alastair I. , McNamee Robert , Robert Fabienne , Bisby Luke A. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryStandard fire resistance tests have been used in the design of structural building elements for more than a century. Originally developed to provide comparative measures of the level of fire safety of noncombustible products and elements, the recent resurgence in engineered timber construction raises important questions regarding the suitability of standard fire resistance tests for combustible structural elements. Three standard fire resistance floor tests (5.9 m × 3.9 m in plan), one on a concrete slab and two on cross‐laminated timber (CLT) slabs, were undertaken to explore some of the relevant issues. The fuel consumption rate within the furnace was recorded during these tests, and the energy supplied from this was determined. An external fuel supply (from natural gas supplied to the furnace) equating to approximately 3 MW was recorded throughout the concrete test, whereas this was about 1.25 MW throughout the CLT tests. The total heat release rate was calculated using carbon dioxide generation calorimetry; this yielded values of approximately 1.75 MW during the CLT tests (ie, an additional energy contribution of approximately 0.5 MW from the timber). This demonstrates that considerably more energy input (by about 1.25 MW) was needed to heat the system when the test sample was noncombustible. A further series of six large‐scale compartment fire experiments (6 m × 4 m × 2.52 m) was undertaken to further explore comparative performance of combustible versus noncombustible construction when the external fuel load is kept constant and is governed by more realistic compartment fire dynamics. For a fuel‐controlled case, the peak temperatures in the compartment with an unprotected CLT ceiling were approximately 200°C higher than in the compartments with a concrete ceiling, whereas for a ventilation‐controlled case, the compartment with a CLT slab ceiling displayed a burning duration that increased by approximately 15 minutes. Potential implications for standard fire resistance testing of combustible specimens are discussed.
Effect of tartary buckwheat, rutin, and quercetin on lipid metabolism in rats during high dietary fat intake
Authors: Peng Lianxin , Zhang Qu , Zhang Yanhong , Yao Zhendong , Song Panpan , Wei Lijuan , Zhao Gang , Yan Zhuyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTartary buckwheat is rich in flavonoids. However, the health‐promoting effect of these flavonoids has not been adequately studied. In the present study, we investigated the impact of rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat on the lipid metabolism of rats on a high‐fat diet. Quercetin could significantly reduce body weight, serum triacylglycerol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF‐α, insulin, and ameliorate glucose tolerance. It was surprising that Tartary buckwheat significantly increased the weight of the rats. Rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat tended to decreased fat deposition in the liver of rats but have little effect on short‐chain fatty acid production. The changes in the structure and diversity of the microbiota were found to be modulated by these diets. It was concluded that quercetin could attenuate high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, rutin, quercetin, and Tartary buckwheat can shape the specific structure of gut microbiota. Mechanism of Tartary buckwheat on lipid metabolism needs further systematic research.