bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Growing Chromium Oxynitride Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanofibers to Stabilize Lithium Deposition for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Xiao Jian , Xiao Nan , Liu Chang , Li Hongqiang , Pan Xin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Bai Jinpeng , Guo Zhen , Ma Xiaoqing , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo address the dendrite growth and interface instability of high‐capacity Li metal anode, heterogeneous seed‐decorated 3D host materials are expected to suppress the growth of Li dendrites. The physical stability and chemical reactivity of these nanoseeds are the decisive conditions for long cycling lithium metal batteries. Herein, carbon nanofibers decorated with uniform CrO0.78N0.48 nanoparticles (ACrCFs) are synthesized by a novel in situ growing method, where the size, composition, distribution, and migration behavior of these nanoparticles are controlled by the introduction of asphaltene. As the 3D host materials for Li anodes, ACrCFs exhibit an excellent lithiophilicity, a superior mixed ion‐electron conductivity, and abundant electrochemical active sites. Thus, the ACrCF‐modified Li anodes deliver a smooth Li morphology, low nucleation overpotential (10.4 mV), superior cyclic stability with 320 stable cycles (Coulombic efficiency, >98.0%) at 1 mA cm−2, and excellent plating/stripping stability over 1000 h. Notably, no obvious detachment or chalking of these nanoparticles occur during the cycling process. The full cell with LiFePO4 cathode also delivers a better rate capability with more stable cycling performance. The homogeneous CrO0.78N0.48 nanoparticles achieved by this in situ growing method also promise a facile method for the potential applications of transition‐metal oxynitride for high energy density battery systems.
Modulation of Single Atomic Co and Fe Sites on Hollow Carbon Nanospheres as Oxygen Electrodes for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Jose Vishal , Hu Huimin , Edison Eldho , Manalastas William , Ren Hao , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Sreejith Sivaramapanicker , Jayakumar Anjali , Nsanzimana Jean Marie Vianney , Srinivasan Madhavi , Choi Jinho , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEfficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are required for metal air batteries, to replace costly metals, such as Pt and Ir/Ru based compounds, which are typically used as benchmarks for ORR and OER, respectively. Isolated single atomic sites coordinated with nitrogen on carbon supports (M‐N‐C) have promising performance for replacement of precious metal catalysts. However, most of monometallic M‐N‐C catalysts demonstrate unsatisfactory bifunctional performance. Herein, a facile way of preparing bimetallic Fe and Co sites entrapped in nitrogen‐doped hollow carbon nanospheres (Fe,Co‐SA/CS) is explored, drawing on the unique structure and pore characteristics of Zeolitic imidazole frameworks and molecular size of Ferrocene, an Fe containing species. Fe,Co‐SA/CS showed an ORR onset potential and half wave potential of 0.96 and 0.86 V, respectively. For OER, (Fe,Co)‐SA/CS attained its anodic current density of 10 mA cm–2 at an overpotential of 360 mV. Interestingly, the oxygen electrode activity (ΔE) for (Fe,Co)‐SA/CS and commercial Pt/C‐RuO2 is calculated to be 0.73 V, exhibiting the bifunctional catalytic activity of (Fe,Co)‐SA/CS. (Fe,Co)‐SA/CS evidenced desirable specific capacity and cyclic stability than Pt/C‐RuO2 mixture when utilized as an air cathode in a homemade Zinc‐air battery.
BUGSJS: a benchmark and taxonomy of JavaScript bugs
Authors: Gyimesi Péter , Vancsics Béla , Stocco Andrea , Mazinanian Davood , Beszédes Árpád , Ferenc Rudolf , Mesbah Ali 
Published: October 2020

SummaryJavaScript is a popular programming language that is also error‐prone due to its asynchronous, dynamic, and loosely typed nature. In recent years, numerous techniques have been proposed for analyzing and testing JavaScript applications. However, our survey of the literature in this area revealed that the proposed techniques are often evaluated on different datasets of programs and bugs. The lack of a commonly used benchmark limits the ability to perform fair and unbiased comparisons for assessing the efficacy of new techniques. To fill this gap, we propose BugsJS, a benchmark of 453 real, manually validated JavaScript bugs from 10 popular JavaScript server‐side programs, comprising 444k lines of code (LOC) in total. Each bug is accompanied by its bug report, the test cases that expose it, as well as the patch that fixes it. We extended BugsJS with a rich web interface for visualizing and dissecting the bugs' information, as well as a programmable API to access the faulty and fixed versions of the programs and to execute the corresponding test cases, which facilitates conducting highly reproducible empirical studies and comparisons of JavaScript analysis and testing tools. Moreover, following a rigorous procedure, we performed a classification of the bugs according to their nature. Our internal validation shows that our taxonomy is adequate for characterizing the bugs in BugsJS. We discuss several ways in which the resulting taxonomy and the benchmark can help direct researchers interested in automated testing of JavaScript applications. © 2021 The Authors. Software Testing, Verification & Reliability published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New horizons for dredging research: The ecology and politics of harbor deepening in the southeastern United States
Authors: Carse Ashley , Lewis Joshua A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHarbor deepening projects in the southeastern United States illuminate a global phenomenon: navigable rivers and coastal estuaries have been dredged to new depths as port authorities and governments compete to accommodate and benefit from new generations of massive oceangoing ships. This urbanized region has dozens of ports situated in estuaries and deltas where major rivers meet the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. It is also home to the majority of U.S. inland federal waterways, significant cargo traffic, and remarkable cultural and ecological diversity. Moving enormous volumes of underwater sediment is as much a social, economic, and political phenomenon as an intervention in hydrological and geomorphological processes. Therefore, dredging demands an analytical framework that bridges disciplines and spatial scales. Putting dredging research into conversation with scholarship on global shipping, logistics, and port development, we call for an analytical framework that draws upon political ecology and geosocial theory. We use this framework to examine large harbor deepening projects near Savannah, Jacksonville, Mobile, and New Orleans. Each project has been rationalized in terms of accommodating the megaships transiting an expanded Panama Canal and, more generally, linking local and regional economic development to global supply chains. An expanded and comparative framework reveals the geographical scale and variegated politics that characterize navigation dredging today.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Methods
Predicting susceptibility for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals using ACE2 protein sequence homology
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Pandey Sada N. , Pareek Vikas , Narayan Ravi K. , Faiq Muneeb A. , Kumari Chiman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe article is presenting a bioinformatics based method predicting susceptibility for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals. Recently, there were reports of cats and ferrets, dogs, minks, golden hamster, rhesus monkeys, tigers, and lions testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA which indicated for the possible interspecies viral transmission. Our method successfully predicted the susceptibility of these animals for contracting SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This method can be used as a screening tool for guiding viral RNA testing for domestic and wildlife animals at risk of getting COVID‐19. We provide a list of the animals at risk of developing COVID‐19 based on the susceptibility score.
Study on risk factors, bacterial species, and drug resistance of acute pyelonephritis associated with ureteral stent after percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Jiang Guo , Li Jiang , Long He , Qiulin Chen , Jin Ren , Yaodong Yang , Xingyou Dong , Jiang Zhao , Zhenyang Zhang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explore the risk factors, bacterial species, and drug resistance of acute pyelonephritis (AP) associated with ureteral stent after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and to provide reference for clinical intervention. The clinical data of 415 patients with indwelling ureteral stent after PCNL from December 2016 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into infection group (n = 54) and non-infection group (n = 361) according to whether patients had AP. Patients’ clinical data, blood and urine bacterial culture, and drug sensitivity were collected and analyzed. The incidence of AP associated with ureteral stent after PCNL was 13.01% and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.001), postoperative stone residue (P = 0.002), urinary leucocytes ≥ 100/HP (P = 0.018), positive urine culture results (P = 0.001), ureteral stent retention time ≥ 8 weeks (P = 0.004), and high S.T.O.N.E. score (P = 0.014) are independent risk factors for it. Escherichia coli (40.54%, 47.82%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.21%, 15.21%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.81%, 4.34%), Enterococcus faecalis (21.6%, 19.56%), and epidermis Staphylococci (10.81%, 13.33%) are the main pathogens in blood and urine. The main sensitive drugs of pathogenic bacteria are imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, linezolid, teicoplanin, levofloxacin, vancomycin, tigecycline, etc., while levofloxacin, norfloxacin, penicillin G, first, and second-generation cephalosporins showed a strong drug resistance rate (> 70%). This study found that diabetes, postoperative stone residuals, urinary leukocytes ≧ 100 cells/HP, positive urine culture results, ureteral stent indwelling time ≧ 8 weeks, and high S.T.O.N.E. score were independent of AP associated with ureteral stent after PCNL risk factors and Escherichia coli is the main pathogenic bacteria and shows drug resistance.
Percutaneous isolated hepatic perfusion (chemosaturation) with melphalan following right hemihepatectomy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic uveal melanoma: peri- and post-interventional adverse events and therapy response compared to a matched group without prior liver surgery
Authors: Dewald C. L. A. , Becker L. S. , Maschke S. K. , Meine T. C. , Alten T. A. , Kirstein M. M. , Vogel A. , Wacker F. K. , Meyer B. C. , Hinrichs J. B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo evaluate feasibility, frequency and severity of peri-procedural complications and post-procedural adverse events (AEs) in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma or liver metastasis of uveal melanoma and prior hemihepatectomy undergoing chemosaturation percutaneous hepatic perfusion (CS-PHP) and to analyze therapy response and overall survival compared to a matched group without prior surgery. CS-PHP performed between 10/2014 and 02/2018 were retrospectively assessed. To determine peri-procedural safety and post-procedural adverse events, hospital records and hematological, hepatic and biliary function were categorized using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 (1–5; mild-death). Significance was tested using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann–Whitney U test. Kaplan–Meier estimation and log-rank test assessed survival. Overall 21 CS-PHP in seven patients (4/7 males; 52 ± 10 years) with hemihepatectomy (grouphemihep) and 22 CS-PHP in seven patients (3/7 males; 63 ± 12 years) without prior surgery (groupnoresection) were included. No complications occurred during the CS-PHP procedures. Transient changes (CTCAE grade 1–2) of liver enzymes and blood cells followed all procedures. In comparison, grouphemihep presented slightly more AEs grade 3–4 (e.g. thrombocytopenia in 57% (12/21) vs. 41% (9/22; p = 0.37)) 5–7 days after CS-PHP. These AEs were self-limiting or responsive to treatment (insignificant difference of pre-interventional to 21–45 days post-interventional values (p > 0.05)). One patient in grouphemihep with high tumor burden died eight days following CS-PHP. No deaths occurred in groupnoresection. In comparison, overall survival after first diagnosis was insignificantly shorter in groupnoresection (44.7(32–56.1) months) than in grouphemihep (48.3(34.6–72.8) months; p = 0.48). The severity of adverse events following CS-PHP in patients after hemihepatectomy was comparable to a matched group without prior liver surgery. Thus, the performance of CS-PHP is not substantially compromised by a prior hemihepatectomy.
Influence of low amounts of zinc or magnesium substitution on ion release and apatite formation of Bioglass 45S5
Authors: Wetzel R. , Bartzok O. , Brauer D. S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMagnesium and zinc ions play various key roles in the human body, being involved, among others, in skeletal development and wound healing. Zinc is also known to have antimicrobial properties. While low concentrations can stimulate cells in vitro, high concentrations of magnesium or zinc introduced into bioactive glasses significantly reduce glass degradation and ion release and inhibit apatite precipitation. On the other hand, magnesium and zinc ions improve the high temperature processing of bioactive glasses, even when present at low concentrations only. Results here show that by substituting small amounts of Mg or Zn for Ca, ion release remains high enough to allow for apatite precipitation. In addition, magnesium and zinc containing bioactive glasses are shown to be very susceptible to changes in particle size and relative surface area. For a given magnesium or zinc content in the glass, ion release and apatite formation can be enhanced dramatically by reducing the particle size, reaching comparable levels as Bioglass 45S5 of the same particle size range. Taken together, these findings suggest that when introducing these ions into bioactive glasses, ideally low Mg or Zn for Ca substitution as well as small particle sizes are used. This way, bioactive glasses combining good high temperature processing with fast ion release and apatite precipitation can be obtained, providing the potential additional benefit of releasing magnesium or zinc ions in therapeutic concentrations.
Are Repeatedly Extorted Businesses Different? A Multilevel Hurdle Model of Extortion Victimization
Authors: Estévez-Soto Patricio R. , Johnson Shane D. , Tilley Nick 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesResearch consistently shows that crime concentrates on a few repeatedly victimized places and targets. In this paper we examine whether the same is true for extortion against businesses. We then test whether the factors that explain the likelihood of becoming a victim of extortion also explain the number of incidents suffered by victimized businesses. The alternative is that extortion concentration is a function of event dependence.MethodsDrawing on Mexico’s commercial victimization survey, we determine whether repeat victimization occurs by chance by comparing the observed distribution to that expected under a Poisson process. Next, we utilize a multilevel negative binomial-logit hurdle model to examine whether area- and business-level predictors of victimization are also associated with the number of repeat extortions suffered by businesses.ResultsFindings suggest that extortion is highly concentrated, and that the predictors of repeated extortion differ from those that predict the likelihood of becoming a victim of extortion. While area-level variables showed a modest association with the likelihood of extortion victimization, they were not significant predictors of repeat incidents. Similarly, most business-level variables significantly associated with victimization risk showed insignificant (and sometimes contrary) associations with victimization concentration. Overall, unexplained differences in extortion concentration at the business-level were unaffected by predictors of extortion prevalence.ConclusionsThe inconsistent associations of predictors across the hurdle components suggest that extortion prevalence and concentration are fueled by two distinct processes, an interpretation congruent with theoretical expectations regarding extortion that considers that repeats are likely fueled by a process of event dependence.
Media-Induced Sexual Harassment: The Routes from Sexually Objectifying Media to Sexual Harassment
Authors: Galdi Silvia , Guizzo Francesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMedia that sexually objectify women by portraying them in ways that emphasize physical beauty and sexual readiness as well as reduce them to decorative and sexual objects have been traditionally identified by scholars as a powerful cultural risk factor encouraging sexual harassment and sexual violence. In the present article we review the existing empirical evidence linking sexually objectifying media and sexual harassment of women to the overarching and integrative Media-Induced Sexual Harassment framework. This framework offers a coherent scheme for explaining the effects of sexually objectifying media on three target groups directly involved in sexual harassment—perpetrators, victims, and bystanders—and it postulates three cognitive and emotional mechanisms through which sexually objectifying media lead to sexual harassment: dehumanization, disruption of emphatic resonance, and a shift in gender norms. The evidence reviewed on the basis of the Media-Induced Sexual Harassment framework shows that sexually objectifying media converge in normalizing harassing behaviors and can be a causal risk factor for increasing engagement in sexual harassment, heightening victims’ acceptance of sexual harassment and discouraging bystander intervention. We discuss implications of these arguments for effectively preventing negative effects of exposure to sexually objectifying media and for education programs aimed at critical media-consumption.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea have suppressed levels of soluble cytokine receptors involved in neurodegenerative disease, but normal levels with airways therapy
Authors: Wang Ye , Meagher Richard B. , Ambati Suresh , Ma Ping , Phillips Bradley G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) results in systemic intermittent hypoxia. By one model, hypoxic stress signaling in OSA patients alters the levels of inflammatory soluble cytokines TNF and IL6, damages the blood brain barrier, and activates microglial targeting of neuronal cell death to increase the risk of neurodegenerative disorders and other diseases. However, it is not yet clear if OSA significantly alters the levels of the soluble isoforms of TNF receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 and IL6 receptor (IL6R) and co-receptor gp130, which have the potential to modulate TNF and IL6 signaling.MethodsPicogram per milliliter levels of the soluble isoforms of these four cytokine receptors were estimated in OSA patients, in OSA patients receiving airways therapy, and in healthy control subjects. Triplicate samples were examined using Bio-Plex fluorescent bead microfluidic technology. The statistical significance of cytokine data was estimated using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The clustering of these high-dimensional data was visualized usingt-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE).ResultsOSA patients had significant twofold to sevenfold reductions in the soluble serum isoforms of all four cytokine receptors, gp130, IL6R, TNFR1, and TNFR2, as compared with control individuals (p = 1.8 × 10−13to 4 × 10−8). Relative to untreated OSA patients, airways therapy of OSA patients had significantly higher levels of gp130 (p = 2.8 × 10−13), IL6R (p = 1.1 × 10−9), TNFR1 (p = 2.5 × 10−10), and TNFR2 (p = 5.7 × 10−9), levels indistinguishable from controls (p = 0.29 to 0.95). The data for most airway-treated patients clustered with healthy controls, but the data for a few airway-treated patients clustered with apneic patients.ConclusionsPatients with OSA have aberrantly low levels of four soluble cytokine receptors associated with neurodegenerative disease, gp130, IL6R, TNFR1, and TNFR2. Most OSA patients receiving airways therapy have receptor levels indistinguishable from healthy controls, suggesting a chronic intermittent hypoxia may be one of the factors contributing to low receptor levels in untreated OSA patients.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily, Italy): distribution and potential health risks
Authors: Bua Rosaria Ornella , Contino Annalinda , Giuffrida Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDifferent specimens of Mullus surmuletus from the Catania Gulf (Sicily) were sampled and analysed for the quantification of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in order to evaluate the distribution of these pollutants and the potential human health risks associated to the consumption of fish. The determined PAHs concentration values ranged from 0.25 to 6.10 ng/g wet weight and the most abundant PAHs detected were lower molecular weight (LMW) compounds with 2 to 3 rings. Relying on the PAHs concentration values, on the consumption data and on the total toxic equivalent (TEQ), the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was assessed and its calculated value (2.97 × 10−7) is far below the “maximum acceptable risk level” (ARL), suggesting a low potential carcinogenic risk on consuming M. surmuletus for local population. Even though the study shows a quite low contamination level in M. surmuletus, intensive monitoring programmes are still highly needed in order to provide a better picture of the PAHs distribution in Catania Gulf and of the human health risk linked to fish consumption.
Driving force of soil microbial community structure in a burned area of Daxing’anling, China
Authors: Meng Meng , Wang Bing , Zhang Qiuliang , Tian Yuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFires are an important factor impacting forest ecosystems of Daxing’anling and have a significant effect on soil microbial community structure. In this study, high-throughput sequencing for 16S rDNA and ITS rDNA were applied to analyze the changing characteristics and driving factors of bacterial and fungal community structures in burned areas with different fire severity. PICRUSt2 software was used to predict the functional characteristics of burned areas with different fire severity. The purpose was to unveil the responsive relationships among the structure and function of bacterial and fungal communities, fire severity, and post-disturbance restoration times. After high severity fires, the destruction of surface vegetation and loss of soil nutrients reduced the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. The soil bacteria community structure, which was dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, changed to be dominated by Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. As well, soil fungal community changed from domination by Helotiales, Eurotiales and Russulales to domination by Archaeorhizomycetales and Helotiales. Over time, soil bacterial community was gradually restored to pre-fire levels 30 years after the fire. Soil fungal community changed and failed to restore to pre-fire levels after 30 years. After low/intermediate severity fires, environmental factors were relatively unchanged so that soil bacteria diversity and abundance increased, optimizing community composition. The diversity and abundance of soil fungi decreased and the community structure changed slightly. Over time, both bacterial and fungal communities were gradually restored to pre-fire levels 30 years after the fire. After fire disturbance, with increasing severity, soil carbon fixation, lignin degradation, mineralization of organic nitrogen and hydrolysis of organic phosphorus are enhanced. Denitrification is weakened. Therefore, forest fires have certain positive effects on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles where soil bacteria and fungi are involved.