Petani Cengkeh di Kelurahan Mannanti Sinjai, 1977-2018
Authors: Awar Muh. Summung , Amirullah Amirullah , Ahmadin Ahmadin 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang Petani Cengkeh Di Kelurahan Mannanti (1977-2018) dengan memaparkan latar belakang petani cengkeh, perkembangan cengkeh, serta dampak pada kehidupan sosial ekonomi petani cengkeh di Kelurahan Mannanti tahun 1977-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa latar belakang berkembangnya pertanian cengkeh di Kelurahan Mannanti adanya inisiatif sendiri yaitu seorang tokoh masyarakat bernama Gunawang Makkarateng selaku ketua APCI (Asosiasi Petani Cengkeh Indonesia) cabang Kabupaten Sinjai sekaligus petani pertama yang membudidayakan tanaman cengkeh. Adapun perkembangan petani cengkeh tidak terlepas dari tingkat pendapatan cengkeh baik sebelum, saat, dan sesudah diberlakukannya kebijakan pemerintah. Sementara dampak yang ditimbulkan yakni mampu mengubah kehidupan petani sebelum dan sesudah diberlakukan kebijakan pemerintah, yaitu munculnya kalangan haji baru, memiliki prabot rumah tangga seperti Televisi, Kulkas, DVD meja dan kursi tamu, meja makan dan sebagainya. Tidak ketinggalan pula kendaraan roda empat, dan sepeda motor, dan memiliki lahan pertanian yang luas serta menyekolahkan anaknya sampai di perguruan tinggi. Namun, pada saat diberlakukan kebijakan justru mengecewakan petani akibat harga cengkeh yang rendah. Munculnya juga kalangan elit baru dan kesempatan kerja bagi masyarakat lain dengan adanya sistem upah. Maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa petani cengkeh di Kelurahan Mannanti Kabupaten Sinjai (1977-2018) sebelum dan susudah diberlakukan kebijakan mengalami peningkatan. Namun pada saat diberlakukan kebijakan mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian sejarah yang meliputi heuristik yaitu tahapan pengumpulan data, kritik sumber bertujuan menilai dan menentukan sumber, interpretasi yaitu menafsirkan data dan tahap historiografi atau penyajian atau penulisan sejarah. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penelitian lapangan terdiri dari wawancara dengan petani cengkeh dan mengumpulkan sumber arsip (arsip kantor kelurahan) serta literatur-literatur yang berhubungan dengan penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Petani Cengkeh, Mannanti AbstractThis study aims to find out about Clove Farmers in Mannanti Village (1977-2018) by describing the background of clove farmers, clove development, and the impact on the socio-economic life of clove farmers in Mannanti Village in 1977-2018. The results of the study showed that the background of the development of clove farming in the Mannanti village was that there was an initiative of its own namely a community leader named Gunawang Makkarateng as chairman of the Sinjai District branch of the Indonesian Clove Farmers Association and the first farmer to cultivate clove plants. The development of clove farmers is inseparable from the level of clove income both before, during, and after the implementation of government policy. While the impact that is caused is able to change the lives of farmers before and after the enactment of government policies, namely the emergence of new hajj groups, having household furniture such as television, refrigerators, DVD tables and guest chairs, dining tables and so on. Do not miss the four-wheeled vehicles, and motorbikes, and have extensive agricultural land and send their children to college. However, when the policy came into effect, it disappointed farmers due to low clove prices. There is also the emergence of new elites and job opportunities for other communities with a wage system. So it can be concluded that the clove farmers in the Mannanti Kelurahan of Sinjai Regency (1977-2018), before and after the policy was enacted, had increased. However, at the time of its enactment the policy has decreased. This study uses a historical research methodology which includes heuristics, namely the stages of data collection, source criticism aimed at assessing and determining the source, interpretation of interpreting the data and historiographic stage or presenting or writing history. The method of data collection is carried out by means of field research consisting of interviews with clove farmers and collecting archival sources (village office archives) as well as literature relating to this research.Keywords: Clove Farmers, Mannanti