bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plants and foods as identity markers: an ethnographic analysis on the case of the (Y)Ezidis from Batman (Turkey)
Authors: Can Emmez Berivan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLocated in the geographical region called Upper Mesopotamia, Batman has a wide cultural diversity. One of the Kurdish (Kurmancî)-speaking ethno-religious communities of Batman is the (Y)Ezidis which have been subjected to several persecutions due to their syncretic belief and practices. The resistance of the Ezidis against imperial powers could be read from governmental manuscripts kept in the archives. The number of field researches conducted in the area of Ezidis in Turkey is quite low. These studies are also concentrated in Viransehir (Urfa) region in which the Ezidi population is more intense. This study, on the other hand, is uncovering the traditional plants which are being used for food and nutrition as well as healing and ritualistic practices by the Ezidis of Batman which has never been subjected in a research in anthropology. Nutrition as one of the necessities that must be met in order to maintain biological existence is also a cultural phenomenon. Food as a part of culture is a configuration of identity and self-expression. The aim of this study is uncovering the traditional plants which are being used for food and nutrition as well as healing and ritualistic practices by the Ezidis of Batman which has never been subjected in a research in anthropology. The primary data of this study was collected during an ethnographic fieldwork in between April 2013 and June 2015 in Ezidi villages of Batman. It was observed that Ezidis unite with the other communities of the region with nutritional methods based on animal products which are common in daily life, while they differ in the use of plants and cereals which are operated in ritual practices. The ritualistic uses of plants and foods and the relations of the Ezidis between the others over food are proposed in this study as the basic patterns of behavior that distinguish Ezidi community from others, define belonging, and mark ethnic identity.
Correlative study between ADC value and grading of invasive breast cancer
Authors: Azzam Heba , Mansour Sahar , Salem Noha , El-Assaly Hany 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudying breast carcinoma is of great importance as it is the commonest female malignancy. Accurate preoperative assessment of disease characteristics and prognosis would be of great help in the diagnosis and treatment planning of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in detecting the grading of invasive breast carcinoma prior to management.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the mean ADC value of tumors of grade I and III (p = 0.001) and between grade I and II (p = 0.002). However, there was no significant difference between grade II and III (p = 0.979). High ADC values were associated with low-grade tumors. The mean ADC value of 0.93 × 10–3 mm2/s showed sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 83.3%, accuracy 98.2%, AUC = 0.994, and 95% confidence interval of 0.978 to 1.000.ConclusionDWI is a contrast-free modality that allows for both morphological and quantitative analysis. ADC value may not be the proper modality to determine the prognosis of breast cancer due to overlap values, yet it could be a good discriminator between low- and high-grade tumors and hence predictor of breast cancer cells that would respond to chemotherapy.
Comparison between NAFLD fibrosis score and retinoic acid serum level in NAFLD
Authors: Allam Ahmed Samir , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Nasser Haytham Mohamed , Kabiel Walaa Ahmed Yousry , Elsayed Ehab H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is described by the abnormal accumulation of fats in livers of individuals without significant alcohol intake. It includes a spectrum of diseases from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis and cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising in association with increasing obesity worldwide. Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, mediates the functions of vitamin A required for growth and development. Also, RA has been shown to reduce adiposity not only in fat cells but also in the liver through increasing triglyceride hydrolysis and fat oxidation. This could put a future trial of preventing NASH and cirrhosis development by vitamin A supplementation. This work aimed to study the role of retinoic acid in NAFLD, whether it can differentiate simple steatosis from NASH and correlate the result with the NAFLD fibrosis score. It is a cross-sectional study done on 180 patients divided into three groups. Group 1 is composed of 80 patients with simple steatosis and normal ALT; group 2 is composed of 80 patients with NASH and high ALT in addition to group 3 with 20 healthy subjects served as a control group. All patients were proven to have fatty liver by ultrasonography. Serum RA was assayed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, and the NAFLD fibrosis score was calculated and compared with the retinoic acid level.

Result
Serum RA level was significantly decreased in the patient groups as compared to the controls; the lowest serum level was observed among the NASH group, followed by the steatosis group. NAFLD fibrosis score was calculated, and it was higher in the NASH group than in the steatosis group. Besides, there was a significant negative correlation between retinoic acid and NAFLD score among the patient groups.

Conclusion
Serum RA level was lower in patients with simple steatosis and NASH. RA had a high statistically significant difference in differentiation between the patient groups and the control group. The results were comparable to the NAFLD fibrosis score. Thus, retinoic acid could be used for diagnosis and accessing the degree of NAFLD.
Exogenous GM1 Ganglioside Attenuates Ketamine-Induced Neurocognitive Impairment in the Developing Rat Brain
Authors: Meng Chen , Yao Xue-qin , Chang Rui-jie , Wang Si-lu , Wang Xue , Ma Da-qing , Li Qing , Wang Xian-yu 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND:
A prolonged exposure to ketamine triggers significant neurodegeneration and long-term neurocognitive deficits in the developing brain. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) can limit the neuronal damage from necrosis and apoptosis in neurodegenerative conditions. We aimed to assess whether GM1 can prevent ketamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity.

METHODS:
Postnatal day 7 (P7) rat pups received 5 doses of intraperitoneal ketamine (20 mg/kg per dose) at 90-minute intervals for 6 hours. Cognitive functions, determined by using Morris water maze (MWM) including escape latency (at P32–36) and platform crossing (at P37), were compared among the ketamine-exposed pups treated with or without exogenous GM1 (30 mg/kg; n = 12/group). The effect of GM1 on apoptosis in hippocampus was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and activated caspase 3 measurement. The hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), along with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), was detected by western blotting (n = 6/group). Anti-BDNF antibody (2 μg per rat) administered before GM1 treatment was applied to determine the neuroprotective mechanisms of GM1.

RESULTS:
The rats receiving ketamine exposure experinced cognitive impairment in MWM test compared to the control rats, indicated by prolonged escape latency at P34 (P = .006), P35 (P = .002), and P36 (P = .005). However, in GM1-pretreated rats, ketamine exposure did not induce prolonged escape latency. The exogenous GM1 increased the platform-crossing times at P37 (3.00 ± 2.22 times vs 5.40 ± 1.53 times, mean ± standard deviation; P = .041) and reduced the hippocampal TUNEL-positive cells and cleaved-caspase 3 expression in ketamine-exposed young rats. Ketamine decreased BDNF expression and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK in the hippocampus, whereas exogenous GM1 blocked these ketamine-caused effects. However, for the ketamine-exposed rat pups receiving exogenous GM1, compared to immunoglobulin Y (IgY) isotype control, the BDNF-neutralizing antibody treatment counteracted the exogenous GM1-induced improvement of the escape latency at P36 (41.32 ± 12.37 seconds vs 25.14 ± 8.97 seconds, mean ± standard deviation; P = .036), platform-crossing times at P37 (2.16 ± 1.12 times vs 3.92 ± 1.97 times, mean ± standard deviation; P < .036), apoptotic activity, as well as AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the hippocampus of ketamine-challenged young rats.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data suggest that the exogenous GM1 acts on BDNF signaling pathway to ameliorate the cognitive impairment and hippocampal apoptosis induced by ketamine in young rats. Our study may indicate a potential use of GM1 in preventing the cognitive deficits induced by ketamine in the young per se.
A protocol for the establishment and evaluation of an older adult stakeholder panel for health services research
Authors: Conneely Mairéad , Boland Pauline , O'Neill Aoife , Byrne David , Cronin Sinéad , Quinn Dominic , Trépel Dominic , Leahy Siobhán , Salsberg Jon , Galvin Rose , Robinson Katie 
Published: January 2020

Background: There has been a policy shift towards public and patient involvement (PPI) in population health and health services research in Ireland and internationally. Despite growing empirical evidence that PPI can have positive impacts on the quality and appropriateness of health research and innovation, little is known about the involvement and impact of older adults as research partners. The aim of this study is to 1) describe the process of establishing a PPI panel of older adults, family carers and ageing research academics and 2) to evaluate the impact of this research partnership on all members of the PPI panel. Methods: A partnership-focused framework will guide the recruitment and establishment of a PPI panel of older adults, family carers and academic researchers. Between eight and ten older adults and four and six family carers with experience of using health services will be recruited through advertisement in community locations and through gatekeepers in a range of non-governmental, voluntary, and community organisations of older adults in the Mid-West region of Ireland. Academic researchers will be recruited through an established Ageing Research Centre at the University of Limerick. Data collected will include an activity log and records of all meetings, recorded panel discussions and recorded individual interviews with all members of the research team at key time points (12 and 24 months after establishment of the panel). Data will be transcribed, managed in NVivo and analysed using an inductive approach to thematic analysis. Dissemination of research findings will be facilitated by the research partnership team of academics and older adults. Discussion: This study will identify learning about the process of establishing a PPI panel guided by a partnership-focused framework and will qualitatively evaluate the impact of participation in a PPI panel for all members of the research team.
Forecasting hourly emergency department arrival using time series analysis
Authors: Choudhury Avishek , Urena Estefania 
Published: January 2020

Background/aims The stochastic arrival of patients at hospital emergency departments complicates their management. More than 50% of a hospital's emergency department tends to operate beyond its normal capacity and eventually fails to deliver high-quality care. To address this concern, much research has been carried out using yearly, monthly and weekly time-series forecasting. This article discusses the use of hourly time-series forecasting to help improve emergency department management by predicting the arrival of future patients. Methods Emergency department admission data from January 2014 to August 2017 was retrieved from a hospital in Iowa. The auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), Holt–Winters, TBATS, and neural network methods were implemented and compared as forecasters of hourly patient arrivals. Results The auto-regressive integrated moving average (3,0,0) (2,1,0) was selected as the best fit model, with minimum Akaike information criterion and Schwartz Bayesian criterion. The model was stationary and qualified under the Box–Ljung correlation test and the Jarque–Bera test for normality. The mean error and root mean square error were selected as performance measures. A mean error of 1.001 and a root mean square error of 1.55 were obtained. Conclusions The auto-regressive integrated moving average can be used to provide hourly forecasts for emergency department arrivals and can be implemented as a decision support system to aid staff when scheduling and adjusting emergency department arrivals.
Moral economies of exclusion: politics of fear through antagonistic anonymity
Authors: Andreasen Søren Mosgaard 
Published: January 2020

This article examines the discourse-technical means through which illiberal political logics are legitimised in constructions of xenophobic populism by a ‘prominent’ Norwegian extreme-right organisation, Human Rights Service (HRS). I argue that recent HRS publications featuring six secretly shot photos of Muslims in the Norwegian public sphere engender a moral economy of exclusion in which Muslims consistently are produced as an anonymous yet ubiquitously present threat to liberal democratic and human rights values. Within this framework, micro-humiliating performances against the ‘Muslim other’ are constituted and encouraged as a necessary, morally justified defence of democratic virtues to ensure the existence of a vulnerable majority self. I claim that the HRS circulation of constructions of faceless, yet easily recognisable, categories of designated ‘enemy others’ as a threat to the liberal democratic ethos can ultimately be understood as a hegemonic intervention to push anti-Muslim illiberalism from the fringes towards the dominant cultural outlook.
He who fights with monsters should be careful lest he thereby become a monster. And if thou gaze long into an abyss, the abyss will also gaze into thee.
(Nietzsche, 1989[1886]: 157)
Experimental analysis of submicrometer optical intensity distributions after an opaque disk
Authors: Emile Olivier , Emile Janine 
Published: January 2020

Generation of subwavelength beam sizes is a fascinating challenge with several implications. The observation of a 120 nm laser spot in the visible part of the spectrum is reported here. It has a size variation of less than 10% in a distance of

50

µ

m

along the axis of propagation. This so-called Arago spot results from the diffraction of the light from a laser diode by the edges of an absorbing disk. Applications are discussed and hollow beams carrying orbital angular momentum with a 400 nm diameter dark spot in the center are evidenced. This paves the way toward atom lithography via atom guiding or new spectroscopy on forbidden transitions.
Optical frequency comb based on nonlinear spectral broadening of a phase modulated comb source driven by dual offset locked carriers
Authors: Nagarjun K. P. , Vikram B. S. , Prakash Roopa , Singh Ajay , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar , Supradeepa V. R. 
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a versatile technique to generate a broadband optical frequency comb source in the C-band. This is accomplished by nonlinear spectral broadening of a phase modulated comb source driven by dual frequency offset locked carriers. The locking is achieved by setting up a heterodyne optical frequency locked loop to lock two phase modulated electro-optic 25 GHz frequency combs sourced from individual seed carriers offset by 100 GHz, to within 6.7 MHz of each other. We realize spectral broadening in highly nonlinear fiber after suitable amplification to obtain an equalized, nonlinearly broadened frequency comb. We obtain

∼
86

lines in a 20 dB band spanning over 2 THz.
Оценка социокультурных детерминант развития предпринимательской культуры молодежи
Authors: Глухих Павел Леонидович , Шкурин Денис Вадимович , Воронина Людмила Васильевна 
Published: January 2020

Статья посвящена методической оценке и выявлению влияния на предпринимательскую культуру двух ключевых факторов: степени развития предпринимательства и размера муниципалитета. Через апробацию двух авторских методик оценки проверялась гипотеза: чем выше степень развития предпринимательства в муниципальном образовании, тем выше степень предпринимательской культуры молодежи. В методологическом отношении исследование основывается на социально-экономическом подходе, применяемом через инструментарий экономического и социокультурного анализа. Информационной базой исследования выступили результаты авторского массового опроса молодежи более чем 150 городов и населенных пунктов Свердловской области, а также проведен опрос экспертов из числа предпринимателей, обратившихся за государственной поддержкой. Составлен рейтинг муниципалитетов Свердловской области по степени развития предпринимательства: высокая, средняя, низкая. Путем измерения аксиологических установок молодежи рассчитан уровень развития предпринимательской культуры по муниципалитетам Свердловской области. Гипотеза подтвердилась в части общего предпринимательского поведения: чем выше уровень развития предпринимательства в муниципалитете, тем больше в поведении молодежи проявляются свойственные предпринимателям черты. Влияние на предпринимательскую культуру второго оцениваемого фактора – размера муниципалитета также подтвердилась. Выявлено, что в средних по численности городах почти в два раза больше молодежи с высокой степенью предпринимательской культуры по причине большей привлекательности собственного бизнеса на фоне других менее интересных для молодежи альтернатив. С учетом корреляции социокультурных факторов предложены наиболее важные направления развития предпринимательской активности молодежи.
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке гранта Президента Российской Федерации для государственной поддержки молодых российских ученых МК-6580.2018.6.
Расселение мигрантов в глобальных городах и его детерминанты: Париж, Сингапур, Сидней и Москва в сравнении. Часть I
Authors: Варшавер Евгений Александрович , Рочева Анна Леонидовна , Андреева Альбина Сергеевна , Иванова Наталия Сергеевна 
Published: January 2020

Приводятся результаты сравнительного анализа характеристик расселения этнических мигрантов и их детерминант в глобальных городах (Париж, Сингапур, Сидней и Москва). Статья написана на основании релевантной литературы, а также полевой работы в указанных городах, включавшей экспертные интервью со специалистами по урбанистике и интеграции мигрантов, наблюдения, глубинные и экспресс-интервью в городском пространстве, в частности в местах резидентной концентрации иноэтничных мигрантов (этномиграционных анклавах). Основной результат — теоретическая схема, описывающая главные детерминанты расселения мигрантов в разных контекстах. Среди основных факторов, объясняющих расселение мигрантов в глобальных городах, — социально-экономические параметры принимающего общества, характеристики миграционной политики, миграционных потоков, вертикальной социальной мобильности мигрантов и их детей, социальная структура пространства, локальная конструкция этничности, государственная и городская резидентная политика, а также резидентный выбор мигрантов и немигрантов. Для каждого случая набор факторов, объясняющий характеристики расселения мигрантов, различается. В статье приводятся детальные описания городов-случаев и показывается релевантный для них набор факторов. Текст статьи разделен на две части, первая публикуется в № 6 (2019), вторая — запланирована в № 2 (2020).
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда (проект РНФ № 18-78-10086) «Анализ механизмов формирования этномиграционных анклавов в российских городах».
Karakterisasi Senyawa Bioaktif Kapang Laut Trichoderma asperellum MT02 dengan Aktivitas Anti-Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) E. coli
Authors: Sibero Mada Triandala , Sabdaningsih Aninditia , Radjasa Ocky Karna , Sabdono Agus , Trianto Agus , Subagiyo Subagiyo 
Published: January 2020

The Trichoderma asperellum MT02 has been reported to has antibacterial activity against the Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) E. coli based on the screening results through an agar plug method. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of T. asperellum MT02 and characterize the composition of the bioactive compounds group possessed in its crude extract. The isolate was cultured in the Malt Extract Broth (MEB) media (static, 27 oC, 15 days). The intracellular metabolites from mycelium were extracted using methanol while extracellular metabolites from broth media were extracted using ethyl acetate. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts was tested using the paper disc diffusion method while bioactive compounds were characterized using the phytochemical method. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the broth media extract performed a greater activity than the crude extract from the mycelium. The crude extract from mycelia only contained flavonoid and phenol hydroquinone compounds while the crude extract from broth media contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols hydroquinone and saponins. Kapang Trichoderma asperellum MT02 telah dilaporkan memiliki potensi sebagai penghasil senyawa antibakteri melawan Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) E. coli berdasarkan hasil penapisan melalui metode agar plug. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar kapang T. asperellum MT02 serta komposisi golongan senyawa bioaktif yang dimiliki. Kapang dikultur pada media Malt Extract Broth (MEB) (statis, 27 oC, 15 hari) di mana metabolit intraseluler dari miselium diekstrak menggunakan metanol sedangkan metabolit ekstraseluler dari media kaldu diekstrak menggunakan etil asetat. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar diuji menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram sedangkan senyawa bioaktif dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri asal ekstrak media kaldu lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak kasar asal miselium kapang. Ekstrak kasar kapang asal miselia hanya mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid dan fenol hidrokuinon sedangkan ekstrak kasar asal media kaldu mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol hidroquinon dan saponin.