bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A level set-based approach for modeling cellular rearrangements in tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Mohammad Rhudaina Z. , Murakawa Hideki , Svadlenka Karel , Togashi Hideru 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Mathematical models and numerical simulations can provide an essential insight into the mechanisms through which local cell-cell interactions affect tissue-level cell morphology. Among such morphological phenomena, cellular patterns observed in developing sensory epithelia have gained keen attention of researchers in recent years, because they are thought to be of utmost importance for accurate sensory functions. However, most of current computational approaches to cellular rearrangements lack solid mathematical background and involve experimentally unreachable parameters, whereby only weak and ambiguous conclusions can be made based on simulation results. Here we present a simple mathematical model for tissue morphogenesis together with a level set-based numerical scheme for its solution as a tool to rigorously investigate evolving cellular patterns. This combined framework of a model and a numerical method features minimum possible number of physical parameters and guarantees reliability of simulation results, including correct handling of topology changes, such as cell intercalations. In this framework, we adopt the viewpoint of free energy minimization principle, and take cellular rearrangement as a gradient flow of a weighted surface energy associated with cell membrane, where the weights are related to physical parameters of the cells, for example, cell-cell adhesion and cell contractility. We present the applicability of this model to a wide range of tissue morphological phenomena, such as cell sorting, engulfment or internalization. In particular, we stress that this method is the first one to be successful in computationally reproducing the experimentally observed development of cellular mosaic patterns in sensory epithelia. Thanks to its simplicity and reliability, the model is able to capture the essence of biological phenomena, and may give a strong helping hand in deciphering unsolved questions of morphology.
Closing the gaps in defining and conceptualising acceptability of healthcare: A synthesis review and thematic content analysis
Authors: Bucyibaruta Blaise Joy , Peu Doriccah , Bamford Lesley , Wath Annatjie van der 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Acceptability of healthcare is gaining ground in public health research and practice. Overlooking healthcare acceptability when designing, implementing, monitoring and assessing healthcare interventions may lead to those interventions failing. Despite the importance of acceptability, the public health community still has to agree on an explicit definition and conceptual framework of acceptability. We considered different definitions and conceptual frameworks of healthcare acceptability, and identified commonalities to develop an integrated definition of healthcare acceptability. Methods: We conducted a synthesis review and thematic content analysis of research articles that attempt to define healthcare acceptability. We searched online databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar for relevant articles. The retained articles were imported into ATLAS.ti 8.4. Using thematic content analysis, we deductively and inductively coded categories and themes related to definitions and frameworks of healthcare acceptability. Results: Our review of the literature described the complexity of healthcare acceptability. The concept of acceptability remains poorly defined limiting its application in public health. We propose a definition of acceptability that includes the needs and expectations of the healthcare recipient, healthcare provider as well as the capacity of the healthcare systems. We define acceptability as a multi-construct concept describing nonlinear cumulative combination in parts or in whole of expected and experienced degree of healthcare from patient, provider or health systems and policy perspectives in a given context. We provide a conceptual framework of acceptability, applicable to the public health research and practice. Conclusion: We present a definition of acceptability that can be applied to different actors of public health including patients, providers, and health systems or policy. The proposed definition of acceptability, together with the conceptual framework provides a coherent conceptualisation that can be used by the broader public health community.
Lifestyle coaches as a central professional in the health care network? Dynamic changes over time using a network analysis
Authors: Rinsum Celeste E van , Gerards Sanne MPL , Rutten Geert M , de Goor Ien AM van , Kremers Stef PJ , Mercken Liesbeth 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity are problems that are increasing globally in both children as well as adults, and may be prevented by adopting a healthier lifestyle. Lifestyle coaches counsel overweight and obese children (and their parents) as well as adults in initiating and maintaining healthier lifestyle behaviours. It is currently unclear whether this novel professional in the Dutch health care system functions as a linchpin in networks that evolve around lifestyle-related health problems. The aim of the present study is to investigate the formation and development of networks of lifestyle coaches and their positions within these networks. Methods In this longitudinal study, key professionals and professionals within relevant organisations in the Coaching on Lifestyle (CooL) care networks were asked to fill in three online questionnaires. Respondents were asked to indicate whether they collaborated with each of the specified professionals in the context of CooL. The overall network structures and the central role of the lifestyle coaches were examined by using network analysis. Results The results showed that the networks in three out of four regions were relatively centralised, but that none of the networks were dense, and that the professionals seemed to collaborate less with others over time. Half of the lifestyle coaches had a high number of collaborations and a central position within their networks, which also increased over time. In half of the regions, the lifestyle coaches had increased their role as consultants, while their role as gatekeeper and liaison decreased over time. In most regions, the sector of lifestyle coaches had a central position in their networks in just one measurement. Other central sectors were the local sports organisation, public health services, youth health care and the municipal government. Conclusions Overall, we cannot conclude that more central and denser networks were formed during the study period. In addition, the lifestyle coaches were not often positioned as a central sector within these networks. Entrepreneurial, network and brokering competences are required for lifestyle coaches to build up denser networks. Trial registration: NTR6208; date registered: 13–01-2017; retrospectively registered; Netherlands Trial Register.
Demography and Determinants of Dog and Cat Ownership in Three Towns of West Shoa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremedhin Endrias Zewdu , Sarba Edilu Jorga , Getaneh Abraham Mekebib , Tola Getachew Kebebew , Endale Solomon Shiferaw , Marami Lencho Megersa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe dog and cat population data is generally scarce in developing countries due to the absence of surveys. The demography of owned dogs and cats, and the associated ownership characteristics, are essential for effective planning and control of the pet population and zoonosis. The present study was conducted in three towns of West Shoa Zone of Ethiopia with the objectives of assessing demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats and determinants of ownership. MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was designed and administered to households to collect data on the demography and determinates of dog and cat ownerships. Six hundred ten households, consisting of 305 in Ambo, 182 in Bako and 123 in Gojo towns, were interviewed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the association of factors with dog and cat ownership. ResultsAbout 65.1% (95% CI: 62.12 – 69.84%) of the householders own dogs, 39.2% (95% CI: 35.83 – 43.81%) own cats, and 30.6% (95% CI: 27.43 – 34.99%) own both. The human to owned-dog ratio was 6.2:1, and human to owned-cat ratio was 10.1:1. There were more male dogs (72.1%) and more female cats (59.7%). The male to female sex ratio was estimated at 2.70:1 for the dog while 0.68:1 for cats. About 37.5% of the owned dogs were indoor, and 62.5% have access to the outside. Dogs and cats were acquired as a gift from families, neighbors, and friends. The identified reason for not owning dogs or cats were fear of zoonosis, dislike, no time to devote, benefit not realized, shortage of finance, lack of private houses and shortage of dogs and cats. Logistic regression analysis identified study town, community type, the gender of head of household, ownership of other domestic animals as determinants for both dog and cat ownership. Besides, possessing dogs was significantly associated with cat ownership. ConclusionData on dog and cat ownership status is important for the provision of veterinary services, pet population control and for quantifying risks associated with dog and cat ownership and control of dog/cut borne zoonosis.
Cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on the forest carbon balance in the Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada; a pilot study (1984–2012)
Authors: Shaw Cindy , Rodrigue Sebastien , Voicu Mihai , Latifovic Rasim , Pouliot Darren , Hayne Shari , Fellows Max , Kurz Werner A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Assessing cumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on forest carbon (C) stocks and fluxes, because of their relevance to climate change, is a requirement of environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in Canada. However, tools have not been developed specifically for these purposes, and in particular for the boreal forest of Canada, so current forest C assessments in EIAs take relatively simple approaches. Here, we demonstrate how an existing tool, the Generic Carbon Budget Model (GCBM), developed for national and international forest C reporting, was used for a relatively rigorous assessment of the cumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural disturbances to support EIA requirements. We applied the GCBM to approximately 1.3 million ha of upland forest in a pilot study area of the oil sands region of Alberta that has experienced a large number of anthropogenic (forestry, energy sector) and natural (wildfire, insect) disturbances.Results 24% of the pilot study area was disturbed. Increasing disturbance emissions combined with declining net primary productivity over the 29 years of the pilot study changed the area from a net C sink to a net C source. Forest C stocks changed from 332 Mt to 327.5 Mt, declining at an average rate of 0.155 tC ha− 1 yr− 1. The largest cumulative areas of disturbance were caused by wildfire (139,000 ha), followed by the energy sector (110,000 ha), insects (33,000 ha) and harvesting (31,000 ha) but the largest cumulative disturbance emissions were caused by the energy sector (9.5 Mt C), followed by wildfire (5.5 Mt C), and then harvesting (1.3 Mt C).Conclusion An existing forest C model was used successfully to provide a rigorous regional cumulative assessment of anthropogenic and natural disturbances on forest C, which meets requirements of EIAs in Canada. The assessment showed the relative importance of disturbances on C emissions in the pilot study area but their relative importance is expected to change in other parts of the oil sands region because of its diversity in disturbance, types, patterns and intensity. Future assessments should include peatland C stocks and fluxes, which could be addressed by using the Canadian Model for Peatlands.
Prevalence of Premarital Sex and Related Risky Practices Among Students of Ayer Tena Health Science and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Birri Dagim , Kumie Mihiretu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Premarital sex may result in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy. Published reports on the prevalence premarital in private colleges in Ethiopia are limited. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of premarital and risky behaviours among students of Ayer Tena Health Science and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among of Ayer Tena Health Science and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 390 students that were selected by systematic random sampling. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Associations between variables were determined using chi-square test.Results: The study participants consisted of 81% females, 73.7% Christians, 58% business students, 56.8 % degree students, 62.1% regular students and 49.1% fresh students. We found that 23.3% of the students had exprienced premarital sex, of which 43.5% had sex in the last 12 months, 14.3% were homosexuals, and 20% started sex before 18. About 68.2% never used condom at the first sex and 60% had history of having sex without condom. About 51.3% did not plan for the first sex. Nearly 34% had multiple sexual partners in their life time and 15.5% had multiple current sexual partners. From 334 respondents, 14.7% said that oral contraceptive pills prevent sexually STIs. Nearly 59 % (47/80) of the study subjects did not have a practice of requesting a new sexual partner for STIs test result. Many students had a history of watching pornography (17.3%), drinking alcohol (17.3%) and taking drugs (3%). Among 65 female students, 20% had a history of pregnancy, of which 46.2% have done abortion. Among those who practiced sexual intercourse, 5.9% had history of STIs, including HIV. Premarital sex was common among males, Christians, health students, non-regular students, degree students, and among those who never attended religious services, live alone, have income, watch pornography, believe that oral contraceptive pills prevent STIs, and take alcohol.Conclusion: The prevalence of premarital is high among the study participants. Risky behaviors and misconceptions are also common. Hence, it would be better to devise and implement effective intervention strategies to reverse the situation.
Kinematic analysis of upper extremity movement in stroke patients as a rehabilitation supporting tool
Authors: Mariusz Konieczny , Pakosz Paweł , Monika Błaszczyszyn 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke often results in reduced mobility of the upper extremity and subsequent long-term disability. Evaluation of the effects of rehabilitation monitoring is often insufficient, while technological progress in 3D analysis application is more objective in the assessment of motor deficits. The aim of the study was to examine the use of kinematic analysis indicators for diagnosing the rehabilitation process in post-stroke patients. Methods: 20 ischemic stroke patients in the early post-stroke phase (up to three months after the stroke) took part in the study. The study tests were conducted at the beginning of the rehabilitation process and after its completion. The procedure comprised moving the index finger and reaching for four target points (closer, farther, contralaterally, ipsilaterally) placed on a table in front of the patient. The analysis of movement time and movement trajectory was carried out using the OptiTrack system. Movement time and movement smoothness (trajectory smoothness) were calculated with the use of normalized jerk score (JERK). Results: The JERK parameter changed significantly in three movement trajectory directions: closer (p ≤ 0.01; d = 1.82), further (p ≤ 0.05; d = 1.02), and contralaterally (p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.91). Conclusions: The results confirm the usefulness of the applied measurements in diagnosing the effects of rehabilitation of patients in the early post-stroke phase.Trial registration: (not applicable)
Two Year Average Follow Up of Supercapsular Percutaneously Assisted Total Hip Arthroplasty; Zero Dislocations
Authors: Kay Andrew , KLAVAS DEREK , Haghshenas Varan , PHAN MIMI , LE DAN TRAN 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUNDDislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) has an incidence of 2-3. Approximately 77% of dislocations occur within the first year after surgery. The SuperPATH technique is a minimally invasive approach for THA that preserves soft tissue attachments. The purpose of this study is to describe the dislocation rate at one year after SuperPATH primary THA. METHODSAll elective primary THAs performed by the senior author using the SuperPATH approach. Exclusion criteria were acute femoral neck fracture, revision surgery, or malignancy. There were 214 of 279 eligible patients available for telephone interviews (76.7%). Medical records were reviewed for secondary outcomes including early and late complications, cup positioning, distance ambulated on postoperative day one, discharge destination, and blood transfusions. RESULTSMean age at surgery was 64 ± 10.8 years and mean time to telephone follow up was 773 ± 269.7 days. There were 104 female and 110 male patients. There were zero dislocations reported. Blood transfusions were performed in 3.7% of patients, and 75.7% were discharged to home at an average of 2.3 ± 1.0 days. Cup position averaged 43.6 ± 5.2° abduction and 20.9 ± 6.2° anteversion, with an average leg length discrepancy of 3.6 ± 3.32mm. Complications included three intraoperative calcar fractures, one periprosthetic femur fracture, one early femoral revision, three superficial infections, and one instance of wound necrosis.CONCLUSIONSuperPATH approach is safe for use in primary THA resulting in a low dislocation rate.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants from West Azerbaijan, Northwestern Iran
Authors: SALTEH SAEIDEH ALIZADEH , Amani Mina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

This study has identified the applications and local (Azari) and persian names of wild and cultivated plants collected for medical purposes by Azerian people of West Azerbaijan region in the Province of West Aerbaijan, Iran. The aim of this study is to collect information from local population concerning the use of medicinal plants of Khoy and determine the relative importance of the species including use value of species and the informant consensus factor (ICF) were surveyed and calculated in relation to medicinal plant use.
Methods

A field study had been carried out for a period of approximately 2 years (2014–2015). A questionnaire was administered to the local people, through face-to-face interviews. Demographic characteristics of participants, names of the local plants, their utilized parts and preparation methods were asked. The plant species were collected as herbarium specimen. The collected data were used to calculate the ICF and the plant use values. 82 Plants were found to be used for medical purposes in study area.
Results

The results showed that the highest use value were recorded for the species Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. exhibited maximum use value (0.58), while the highest ICF was cited for Cold, flu, fever (0.61).
Conclusions

The results of this research showed that in the studied area the folk medicinal plants are still applied and evaluation of pharmacological activity for the indigenous medicinal plants is recommended.
Male involvement in Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Mekonnen Chilot kassa , Abate Hailemichael Kindie , Demessie Negesu Gizaw 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Maternal death may occur from complications while a woman is pregnant, during labor and post-partum period. Birth preparedness and complication readiness during pregnancy period prominently increase positive maternal as well as child health outcomes. Male involvement in pregnancy, labor and post-partum care has been shown to improve maternal and newborn outcomes. Nevertheless, it continues to be low, especially in low income countries. One of the reasons is the lack of birth preparedness and complication readiness, which is recognized as the most cost-effective and achievable components of safe motherhood programs around the world. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis study tried to determine the pooled prevalence of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: Searching of the primary articles was completed by PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHAL, and Google Scholar, HINARI portal which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online Database. The data was extracted by using a standard data extraction checklist that developed according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).For assessing heterogeneity across the studies I2 statistics was used. The Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check the presence of publication bias. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness. Odds Ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval was also used to determine the association of identified factors with the outcome variable. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 11 software.Result: From a total of 614, primary studies with (sample participants 3413), 8 were eligible for inclusion in the final systematic Review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness was found to be 40.17% [95%CI (24.01-56.33) Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness was relatively low. Thus, Minister of Health with its stake holders better to give emphasis on community awareness programs so as to increase male involvement for birth preparedness and complication readiness.
The Effect of An Educational Intervention on Teachers’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: hossennia Maede , Mazaheri Maryam Amidi , Heidari Zahra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: this study evaluated the effect of an educational intervention for increasing elementary school teachers’ ADHD knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Method: Teachers from 12 schools who had at least one student with a definitive diagnosis of ADHD participated in the study and were allocated into either an intervention (n=31) or control group (n=27). Teachers’ ADHD knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior were assessed before and after intervention. Six-session participatory intervention were provided only for the intervention group.Results: Two mounts after the intervention, the intervention group scored significantly higher on all three outcomes (P≤0.001).Conclusion: The educational intervention significantly improved teachers’, knowledge, attitudes as well as their behaviors and strategies to manage children with ADHD. It is recommended that this program will incorporate into in-service training courses for primary school teachers as a means of facilitating teaching and managing children with ADHD in class. Trial registration: The study was approved by the by the Research Deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. In addition, The Ethical Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study proposal. (ID code: IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1398.297). The required permission from Education Department of Isfahan City was attained. Participation in the study was voluntary. Before taking part in the study, selected teachers provided written consent also study goals were described to them.