bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbial taxa as potential predictive biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome and post-STEMI cardiovascular events
Authors: Gao Jing , Yan Kun-Tao , Wang Ji-Xiang , Dou Jing , Wang Jie , Ren Min , Ma Jing , Zhang Xu , Liu Yin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with coronary atherosclerotic plaque and cardiovascular disease risk, but associations between gut microbes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and post-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (post-STEMI) events are unknown. We investigated associations between gut microbial taxa and systemic TMAO levels and the possible TMAO contribution to incident post-STEMI cardiovascular events. Patients and Methods. A total of 60 patients, including 30 with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), 30 post-STEMI and 30 healthy controls, were enrolled from June to November 2017. Metagenomic sequencing was performed and TMAO and IL-6 were detected. Results. Minimal discriminators of gut microbial taxa (top 40) distinguished ACS patients from controls. Serum TMAO levels were positively associated with increased abundance of Aerococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG.005, Ruminococcaceae_UCC.014 and X. Eubacterium_fissicatena, and decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae_FCS020 (P < 0.05). Elevated serum TMAO levels correlated independently with ACS (P < 0.05). Risk stratification for incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) improved at one year in patients with serum TMAO levels ≦2.19 µM. Serum interleukin-6 levels were not significantly increased in patients with ACS and post-STEMI MACE. Conclusions. ACS and incident post-STEMI MACE may be associated with the gut bacteria choline metabolite TMAO. The specific gut microbial taxa identified in association with serum TMAO levels may be potential predictive biomarkers for accurate diagnosis of ACS onset.
Protein design under competing conditions for the availability of amino acids
Authors: Nerattini Francesca , Tubiana Luca , Cardelli Chiara , Bianco Valentino , Dellago Christoph , Coluzza Ivan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsolating the properties of proteins that allow them to convert sequence into the structure is a long-lasting biophysical problem. In particular, studies focused extensively on the effect of a reduced alphabet size on the folding properties. However, the natural alphabet is a compromise between versatility and optimisation of the available resources. Here, for the first time, we include the impact of the relative availability of the amino acids to extract from the 20 letters the core necessary for protein stability. We present a computational protein design scheme that involves the competition for resources between a protein and a potential interaction partner that, additionally, gives us the chance to investigate the effect of the reduced alphabet on protein-protein interactions. We devise a scheme that automatically identifies the optimal reduced set of letters for the design of the protein, and we observe that even alphabets reduced down to 4 letters allow for single protein folding. However, it is only with 6 letters that we achieve optimal folding, thus recovering experimental observations. Additionally, we notice that the binding between the protein and a potential interaction partner could not be avoided with the investigated reduced alphabets. Therefore, we suggest that aggregation could have been a driving force in the evolution of the large protein alphabet.
In-Situ Electron Channeling Contrast Imaging under Tensile Loading: Residual Stress, Dislocation Motion, and Slip Line Formation
Authors: Nakafuji Keiichiro , Koyama Motomichi , Tsuzaki Kaneaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElastoplastic phenomena, such as plastic deformation and failure, are multi-scale, deformation-path-dependent, and mechanical-field-sensitive problems associated with metals. Accordingly, visualization of the microstructural deformation path under a specific mechanical field is challenging for the elucidation of elastoplastic phenomena mechanisms. To overcome this problem, a dislocation-resolved in-situ technique for deformation under mechanically controllable conditions is required. Thus, we attempted to apply electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) under tensile loading, which enabled the detection of lattice defect motions and the evolution of elastic strain fields in bulk specimens. Here, we presented the suitability of ECCI as an in-situ technique with dislocation-detectable spatial resolution. In particular, the following ECCI-visualized plasticity-related phenomena were observed: (1) pre-deformation-induced residual stress and its disappearance via subsequent reloading, (2) heterogeneous dislocation motion during plastic relaxation, and (3) planar surface relief formation via loading to a higher stress.
Transparent Body-Attachable Multifunctional Pressure, Thermal, and Proximity Sensor and Heater
Authors: Seok Jo Hong , An Seongpil , Kwon Hyuk-Jin , Yarin Alexander L. , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA multifunctional sensor capable of simultaneous sensing of temperature, pressure, and proximity has been developed. This transparent and body-attachable device is also capable of providing heat under low voltage. The multi-sensor consists of metal fibers fabricated by electrospinning and electroplating. The device comprises randomly deposited metal fibers, which not only provide heating but also perform as thermal and proximity sensors, and orderly aligned metal fibers that act as a pressure sensor. The sensor is fabricated by weaving straight rectangular electrodes on a transparent substrate (a matrix). The sensitivity is readily enhanced by installing numerous matrices that facilitate higher sensing resolution. The convective heat transfer coefficient of the heater is h = 0.014 W·cm−2·°C−1. The temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) and pressure sensitivity (ηP) are 0.038 °C−1 and 5.3 × 10−3 kPa−1, respectively. The superior sensitivity of the device is confirmed via quantitative comparison with similar devices. This multifunctional device also has a superior convective heat transfer coefficient than do other heaters reported in the literature.
Cats with thermal burn injuries from California wildfires show echocardiographic evidence of myocardial thickening and intracardiac thrombi
Authors: Sharpe Ashley N. , Gunther-Harrington Catherine T. , Epstein Steven E. , Li Ronald H. L. , Stern Joshua A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecent increases in the prevalence and severity of wildfires in some regions have resulted in an increased frequency of veterinary burn patients. Few studies exist regarding diagnostics and management of burn wounds in veterinary patients and current knowledge is extrapolated from human literature and research models. Post-burn cardiac injury is a common finding and predictor of mortality in human patients and echocardiography is an important tool in monitoring response to therapy and predicting outcome. We describe the notable findings from cats naturally exposed to California wildfires in 2017 and 2018. Domestic cats (n = 51) sustaining burn injuries from the Tubbs (2017) and Camp (2018) wildfires were prospectively enrolled and serial echocardiograms and cardiac troponin I evaluations were performed. Echocardiograms of affected cats revealed a high prevalence of myocardial thickening (18/51) and spontaneous echocardiographic contrast and thrombi formation (16/51). Forty-two cats survived to discharge and 6 died or were euthanized due to a possible cardiac cause. For the first time, we describe cardiovascular and coagulation effects of thermal burn and smoke inhalation in cats. Further studies in veterinary burn victims are warranted and serve as a translational research opportunity for uncovering novel disease mechanisms and therapies.
Hidden parasite diversity in a European freshwater system
Authors: Selbach Christian , Soldánová Miroslava , Feld Christian K. , Kostadinova Aneta , Sures Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParasites comprise a huge part of the biodiversity on earth. However, on a local scale, not much is known about their diversity and community structure. Here, we assess the diversity of larval trematode communities in an interconnected freshwater system of the River Ruhr in Germany and analyse how the parasites are spatially and temporally distributed in the ecosystem. A total of 5347 snail hosts belonging to six species revealed a highly diverse parasite fauna with 36 trematode species. More abundant snail species harboured more species-rich trematode faunas and communities, with the two dominant snail species,Radix auriculariaandGyraulus albus, accounting for almost 90% of the trematode diversity and harbouring spatially and temporally stable parasite communities. The results highlight the important role of stable keystone host populations for trematode transmission, structure and diversity. This local trematode diversity reveals information on definitive host occurrence and trophic interactions within ecosystems.
The Role of Behavioral Inhibition for Conversational Speech and Language Characteristics of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter
Authors: Tumanova Victoria , Woods Carly , Razza Rachel 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschool-age children who stutter (CWS) were more likely to exhibit a temperamental trait of behavioral inhibition (BI), a correlate of shyness, than children who do not stutter (CWNS) and whether this temperamental trait affected preschool-age children's speech fluency and language complexity during a conversation with an unfamiliar adult.MethodSixty-eight preschool-age children (31 CWS, 37 CWNS) participated. The degree of BI was assessed by measuring the latency to their sixth spontaneous comment and the number of all spontaneous comments during a conversation with an unfamiliar examiner (following Kagan et al.'s [1987] methodology). Parent report of shyness from the Children's Behavior Questionnaire served as an indirect measure of BI. Children's language complexity was assessed by measuring their mean length of utterance and the number of words spoken. For CWS, the frequency of stuttering and the negative impact of stuttering were also assessed.ResultsFirst, we found no between-group differences in the degree of BI across the behavioral observation measures. However, CWS were rated shyer by parents than CWNS. Second, for CWS only, higher BI was associated with less complex utterances and fewer words spoken. Third, for CWS, higher BI was associated with fewer stuttered disfluencies produced.ConclusionsThis study provides empirical evidence that BI to the unfamiliar may have salience for childhood stuttering as it affected the quantity and quality of language spoken with an unfamiliar adult. Clinical implications of high BI for the assessment and treatment of preschool-age stuttering are discussed.
TraMoS
Authors: Cortés-Zuleta Pía , Rojo Patricio , Wang Songhu , Hinse Tobias C. , Hoyer Sergio , Sanhueza Bastian , Correa-Amaro Patricio , Albornoz Julio 
Published: February 2020

We present 22 new transit observations of the exoplanets WASP-18Ab, WASP-19b, and WASP-77Ab, from the Transit Monitoring in the South project. We simultaneously model our newly collected transit light curves with archival photometry and radial velocity data to obtain refined physical and orbital parameters. We include TESS light curves of the three exoplanets to perform an extended analysis of the variations in their transit mid-time (TTV) and to refine their planetary orbital ephemeris. We did not find significant TTVRMS variations larger than 47, 65, and 86 s for WASP-18Ab, WASP-19b, and WASP-77Ab, respectively. Dynamical simulations were carried out to constrain the masses of a possible perturber. The observed mean square (RMS) could be produced by a perturber body with an upper limit mass of 9, 2.5, 11 and 4 M⊕ in 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1 resonances in the WASP-18Ab system. In the case of WASP-19b, companions with masses up to 0.26, 0.65, 1, and 2.8 M⊕, in 1:2, 2:1, 3:1, and 5:3 resonances respectively, produce the RMS. For the WASP-77Ab system, this RMS could be produced by a planet with mass in the range of 1.5−9 M⊕ in 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, 2:3, 3:1, 3:5, or 5:3 resonances. Comparing our results with RV variations, we discard massive companions with 350 M⊕ in 17:5 resonance for WASP-18Ab, 95 M⊕ in 4:1 resonance for WASP-19b, and 105 M⊕ in 5:2 resonance for WASP-77Ab. Finally, using a Lomb-Scargle period search we find no evidence of a periodic trend on our TTV data for the three exoplanets.
MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4–5 μm
Authors: Stolker T. , Quanz S. P. , Todorov K. O. , Kühn J. , Mollière P. , Meyer M. R. , Currie T. , Daemgen S. , Lavie B. 
Published: February 2020

Context. Directly imaged planets and substellar companions are key targets for the characterization of self-luminous atmospheres. Their photometric appearance at 4–5 μm is sensitive to the chemical composition and cloud content of their atmosphere.
Aims. We aim to systematically characterize the atmospheres of directly imaged low-mass companions at 4–5 μm. We want to homogeneously process the data, provide robust flux measurements, and compile a photometric library at thermal wavelengths of these mostly young, low-gravity objects. In this way, we want to find trends related to their spectral type and surface gravity by comparing with isolated brown dwarfs and predictions from atmospheric models.
Methods. We used the high-resolution, high-contrast capabilities of NACO at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to directly image the companions of HIP 65426, PZ Tel, and HD 206893 in the NB4.05 and/or M′ filters. For the same targets, and additionally β Pic, we also analyzed six archival VLT/NACO datasets which were taken with the NB3.74, L′, NB4.05, and M′ filters. The data processing and photometric extraction of the companions was done with PynPoint while the species toolkit was used to further analyze and interpret the fluxes and colors.
Results. We detect for the first time HIP 65426 b, PZ Tel B, and HD 206893 B in the NB4.05 filter, PZ Tel B and HD 206893 B in the M′ filter, and β Pic b in the NB3.74 filter. We provide calibrated magnitudes and fluxes with a careful analysis of the error budget, both for the new and archival datasets. The L′–NB4.05 and L′–M′ colors of the studied sample are all red while the NB4.05–M′ color is blue for β Pic b, gray for PZ Tel B, and red for HIP 65426 b and HD 206893 B (although typically with low significance). The absolute NB4.05 and M′ fluxes of our sample are all larger than those of field dwarfs with similar spectral types. Finally, the surface gravity of β Pic b has been constrained to log g = 4.17−0.13+0.10 dex from its photometry and dynamical mass.
Conclusions. A red color at 3–4 μm and a blue color at 4–5 μm might be (partially) caused by H2O and CO absorption, respectively, which are expected to be the most dominant gaseous opacities in hot (Teff ≳ 1300 K) atmospheres. The red characteristics of β Pic b, HIP 65426 b, and HD 206893 B at 3–5μm, as well as their higher fluxes in NB4.05 and M′ compared to field dwarfs, indicate that cloud densities are enhanced close to the photosphere as a result of their low surface gravity.
Formation of single-moon systems around gas giants
Authors: Fujii Yuri I. , Ogihara Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

Context. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation process of satellite systems, and relatively large moons are thought to be born in circumplanetary disks. Making a single-moon system is known to be more difficult than multiple-moon or moonless systems.
Aims. We aim to find a way to form a system with a single large moon, such as Titan around Saturn. We examine the orbital migration of moons, which change their direction and speed depending on the properties of circumplanetary disks.
Methods. We modeled dissipating circumplanetary disks with taking the effect of temperature structures into account and calculated the orbital evolution of Titan-mass satellites in the final evolution stage of various circumplanetary disks. We also performed N-body simulations of systems that initially had multiple satellites to see whether single-moon systems remained at the end.
Results. The radial slope of the disk-temperature structure characterized by the dust opacity produces a patch of orbits in which the Titan-mass moons cease inward migration and even migrate outward in a certain range of the disk viscosity. The patch assists moons initially located in the outer orbits to remain in the disk, while those in the inner orbits fall onto the planet.
Conclusions. We demonstrate for the first time that systems can form that have only one large moon around giant planet. Our N-body simulations suggest satellite formation was not efficient in the outer radii of circumplanetary disks.
Imagerie sismique par corrélation de bruit ambiant : du laboratoire à l’échelle globale
Authors: Boué Pierre , Paul Anne 
Published: February 2020

L’énergie sismique libérée par une source naturelle ou artificielle est habituellement utilisée pour éclairer la structure interne de la Terre. Aujourd’hui, de nouvelles méthodes permettent de se passer de ces sources conventionnelles via l'utilisation du bruit sismique ambiant qui, après corrélation de longs enregistrements, transforme virtuellement chaque récepteur en source. Cette méthode d’imagerie du sous-sol est également répétable dans le temps, donnant ainsi accès à une multitude d’applications pour la surveillance des structures géologiques.
Cet article présente le principe de l’interférométrie sismique par corrélation du bruit ambiant à travers différents exemples, de l’échelle du laboratoire à l’échelle globale.
Arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint: a biomechanical comparison of 2 different LCP systems
Authors: Vidović Aleksandar , Jansen Dorothea , Schwan Stefan , Goldstein Alexander , Ludtka Christopher , Brehm Walter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective This study compares the mechanical stability and surgical usability of 2 locking plate systems (Kyon ALPS-20 and Synthes PIP-LCP system) for
arthrodesis of the equine proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ).
Material and methods The experimental ex vivo study included 6 pairs of cadaver distal limbs (n = 12). All specimens were derived from Warmblood horses of
various ages that were euthanized for non-orthopedic reasons. Of the 12 limbs collected, 3 left and 3 right distal limb specimens were randomly assigned to each
system for implantation. Two abaxial 4.5-mm cortical screws were inserted transarticularly in all cases. Both systems were implanted according to the
manufacturer’s instructions with the plates placed centrally between the 2 transarticular screws. The ALPS-20 systems were implanted using Kyon B-6.4-mm
monocortical locking screws in all positions. The LCP systems were implanted axially using 2 Synthes 5-mm locking screws in the proximal and distal positions,
with a standard 4.5-mm cortical screw inserted in the middle position. All constructs underwent CT-scans after implantation and biomechanical testing to detect
implant deformation. Uniaxial mechanical loading was applied via a servo-hydraulic test system at a test speed of 50 mm/s, up to a maximum displacement of 80
mm. The resulting load-displacement curves were used to calculate yield point, stiffness, and maximum force for each construct. The measured values were
evaluated for statistical significance (p < 0.05) between the 2 plate systems via one-factor ANOVA (Tukey test). The statistical power was verified for yield
force, stiffness, and maximum load.
Results No statistically significant differences between the 2 preparation groups were calculated across all of the measured parameters (p > 0.05). The
ALPS system implants showed no signs of deformation, either in the plates or the screws. In contrast, the LCP demonstrated visible deformation, which had
already occurred at the time of implantation from the tightening of the middle screw, as well as during the subsequent testing of the implants. After
biomechanical testing, deformations ranging between 3.1° and 7.0° were measured in 4 LCPs. A total implant failure was observed for 2 LCPs.
Conclusion and clinical relevance Both systems demonstrated comparable mechanical properties in the present study’s ex vivo test model for equine PIJ
arthrodesis. As such, the Kyon ALPS-20 may be a good alternative to the Synthes LCP for equine PIJ arthrodesis.
Computed tomographic and sonographic findings in a dog with duplex kidney, ureter duplex and ectopic ureterocele
Authors: Kopp Katharina I. , Schaub Sebastian , Peppler Christine , Acker Alexander , von Pueckler Kerstin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 5-month-old, male French bulldog was presented with a history of urinary incontinence. Abdominal ultrasound showed changes compatible with a ureterocele and a
bilobed right kidney. Excretory computed tomographic urography was consistent with right-sided duplex kidney, ureter duplex and ectopic ureterocele. To the
authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of a duplex kidney with an ectopic ureterocele diagnosed with ultrasound and contrast enhanced computed
tomography in a dog. After the imaging diagnosis, a neoureterocystostomy was performed. In the follow-up examination the dog presented with mild incontinence
which was treated medically using phenylpropanolamine.
Contributions of episodic memory to novel word learning
Authors: Hamrick Phillip , Graff Carine , Finch Brittany 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Multiple theories predict that word learning is intimately linked to episodic memory, at least in the early phases
of learning. However, it is unclear to what degree this link reflects more domain-specific (i.e., those dedicated to language or
the lexicon) or more domain-general episodic memory processes that operate outside of language. One way to address this
possibility is by using a behavioral individual differences design. This study examined whether behavioral individual differences
in episodic memory abilities predicted adult word learning abilities. If behavioral performance in a nonlinguistic episodic memory
task is predictive of behavioral performance in word learning, then it is likely that they share a common underlying
nonlinguistic, memory-based mechanism. The results revealed that individual differences in episodic memory abilities predicted
word learning abilities shortly after learning but not two days later. These behavioral results are consistent with prior
neuropsychological observations (e.g., in amnesia: Kensinger, Ullman, & Corkin,
2001) as well as with theories positing a shift in reliance in lexical development from episodic memory to a
distributed neocortical memory system after a period of sleep (e.g., Davis & Gaskell,
2009).