bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy among prefectures in Japan
Authors: Taira Kazuya , Ogata Soshiro , Kamide Kei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
An ecological study using secondary open data from Japanese government statistics was conducted. The study aimed to verify differences in three measures of healthy life expectancy (HLE); namely, disability-free life expectancy without activity limitation (DFLE-AL), life expectancy with self-perceived health (LE-SH), and disability-free life expectancy without care need (DFLE-CN).

Results
Each HLE from 47 prefectures in 2010, 2013, and 2016 was extended over time. There were strong Cronbach’s coefficient alpha (α) between DFLE-AL and LE-SH (Minimum α; 0.80, Maximum α; 0.90) as well as between LE and DFLE-CN (Minimum α; 0.92, Maximum α; 0.99) in both sexes in every data year. However, the other pairs had weaker associations. In regression analysis with each HLE as a dependent variable and aging rate, mortality, the proportion of unhealthy people as independent variables, the subjective unhealthy rate had significant standardized partial regression coefficients (β) in models with DFLE-AL and LE-SH as dependent variables (Minimum β; − 0.56, Maximum β; − 0.34). Therefore, DFLE-CN tended to differ from the other HLEs. The subjective unhealthy rate had a significant influence on DFLE-AL and LE-SH.
Congenital and hereditary cystic diseases of the abdomen
Authors: Karaosmanoglu Ali Devrim , Arslan Sevtap , Akata Deniz , Ozmen Mustafa , Haliloglu Mithat , Oguz Berna , Karcaaltincaba Musturay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCongenital and hereditary cystic lesions of the abdomen are relatively rare. Correct diagnosis is critical as they may simulate several other benign and malignant acquired diseases of the abdomen. With the correct and appropriate use of imaging, diagnosis may be relatively straightforward and clinical management may be implemented appropriately. The purpose of this article is to describe imaging findings of common and uncommon congenital and hereditary cystic disease of the abdominal organs.
Butyrate-mediated autophagy inhibition limits cytosolic Salmonella Infantis replication in the colon of pigs treated with a mixture of Lactobacillus and Bacillus
Authors: Chu Bingxin , Zhu Yaohong , Su Jinhui , Xia Bing , Zou Yunjing , Nie Jiawei , Zhang Wei , Wang Jiufeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProbiotics as an effective and safe strategy for controllingSalmonellainfection are much sought after, while autophagy is a central issue in eliminating intracellular pathogens of intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, an animal model of colitis has been developed by infecting weaned pigs orally with a strain ofSalmonellaInfantis in order to illuminate the potential efficacy of a mixture ofLactobacillusandBacillus(CBB-MIX) in the resistance toSalmonellainfection by regulating butyrate-mediated autophagy. We found that CBB-MIX alleviatedS. Infantis-induced colitis and tissue damage. Autophagy markers ATG5, Beclin-1, and the LC3-II/I ratio were significantly enhanced byS. Infantis infection, while treatment with CBB-MIX suppressedS. Infantis-induced autophagy. Additionally,S. Infantis-induced colonic microbial dysbiosis was restored by this treatment, which also preserved the abundance of the butyrate-producing bacteria and the butyrate concentration in the colon. A Caco-2 cell model ofS. Infantis infection showed that butyrate had the same effect as the CBB-MIX in restrainingS. Infantis-induced autophagy activation. Further, the intracellularS. Infantis load assay indicated that butyrate restricted the replication of cytosolicS. Infantis rather than that inSalmonella-containing vacuoles. Suppression of autophagy by knockdown of ATG5 also attenuatedS. Infantis-induced cell injury. Moreover, hyper-replication of cytosolicS. Infantis in Caco-2 cells was significantly decreased when autophagy was inhibited. Our data demonstrated thatSalmonellamay benefit from autophagy for cytosolic replication and butyrate-mediated autophagy inhibition reduced the intracellularSalmonellaload in pigs treated with a probiotic mixture ofLactobacillusandBacillus.
Approximation by Jakimovski–Leviatan-beta operators in weighted space
Authors: Nasiruzzaman M. , Mursaleen M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to introduce a more generalized version of Jakimovski–Leviatan-beta operators through the Appell polynomials. We present some uniform convergence results of these operators via Korovkin’s theorem and obtain the rate of convergence by using the modulus of continuity and Lipschitz class. Moreover, we obtain the approximation with the help of Peetre’s K-functional and give some direct theorems.
Some reverse inequalities of Hardy type on time scales
Authors: El-Deeb A. A. , El-Sennary H. A. , Khan Zareen A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this article, we obtain some new dynamic inequalities of Hardy type on time scales. The main results are derived using Fubini’s theorem and the chain rule on time scales. We apply the main results to the continuous calculus, discrete calculus, andq-calculus as special cases.
Some new local fractional inequalities associated with generalized $(s,m)$-convex functions and applications
Authors: Abdeljawad Thabet , Rashid Saima , Hammouch Zakia , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: August 2020

AbstractFractal analysis is one of interesting research areas of computer science and engineering, which depicts a precise description of phenomena in modeling. Visual beauty and self-similarity has made it an attractive field of research. The fractal sets are the effective tools to describe the accuracy of the inequalities for convex functions. In this paper, we employ linear fractals $\mathbb{R}^{\alpha }$

R
α

to investigate the $(s,m)$
(
s
,
m
)
-convexity and relate them to derive generalized Hermite–Hadamard (HH) type inequalities and several other associated variants depending on an auxiliary result. Under this novel approach, we aim at establishing an analog with the help of local fractional integration. Meanwhile, we establish generalized Simpson-type inequalities for $(s,m)$
(
s
,
m
)
-convex functions. The results in the frame of local fractional showed that among all comparisons, we can only see the correlation between novel strategies and the earlier consequences in generalized s-convex, generalized m-convex, and generalized convex functions. We obtain application in probability density functions and generalized special means to confirm the relevance and computational effectiveness of the considered method. Similar results in this dynamic field can also be widely applied to other types of fractals and explored similarly to what has been done in this paper.
Development of a preoperative risk score on admission in surgical intermediate care unit in gastrointestinal cancer surgery
Authors: Fernandes Antero , Rodrigues Jéssica , Antunes Luís , Lages Patrícia , Santos Carla Salomé , Moreira-Gonçalves Daniel , Costa Rafael S. , Sousa Joaquim Abreu , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Santos Lúcio Lara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal cancer surgery continues to be a significant cause of postoperative complications and mortality in high-risk patients. It is crucial to identify these patients. Our study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of specific perioperative risk assessment tools to predict postoperative complications, identifying the most informative variables and combining them to test their prediction ability as a new score.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of digestive cancer surgical patients admitted to the surgical intermediate care unit of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Portugal was conducted during the period January 2016 to April 2018. Demographic and medical information including sex, age, date from hospital admission, diagnosis, emergency or elective admission, and type of surgery, were collected. We analyzed and compared a set of measurements of surgical risk using the risk assessment instruments P-POSSUM Scoring, ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator, and ARISCAT Risk Score according to the outcomes classified by the Clavien-Dindo score. According to each risk score system, we studied the expected and observed post-operative complications. We performed a multivariable regression model retaining only the significant variables of these tools (age, gender, physiological P-Possum, and ACS NSQIP serious complication rate) and created a new score (MyIPOrisk-score). The predictive ability of each continuous score and the final panel obtained was evaluated using ROC curves and estimating the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
We studied 341 patients. Our results showed that the predictive accuracy and agreement of P-POSSUM Scoring, ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator, and ARISCAT Risk Score were limited. The MyIPOrisk-score, shows to have greater discrimination ability than the one obtained with the other risk tools when evaluated individually (AUC = 0.808; 95% CI: 0.755–0.862). The expected and observed complication rates were similar to the new risk tool as opposed to the other risk calculators.

Conclusions
The feasibility and usefulness of the MyIPOrisk-score have been demonstrated for the evaluation of patients undergoing digestive oncologic surgery. However, it requires further testing through a multicenter prospective study to validate the predictive accuracy of the proposed risk score.
Finding the match between healthcare worker and expert for optimal audit and feedback on antimicrobial resistance prevention measures
Authors: Keizer J. , Beerlage-De Jong N. , Al Naiemi N. , van Gemert-Pijnen J. E. W. C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The potentials of audit and feedback (AF) to improve healthcare are currently not exploited. To unlock the potentials of AF, this study focused on the process of making sense of audit data and translating data into actionable feedback by studying a specific AF-case: limiting antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This was done via audit and feedback of AMR prevention measures (APM) that are executed by healthcare workers (HCW) in their day-to-day contact with patients. This study’s aim was to counterbalance the current predominantly top-down, expert-driven audit and feedback approach for APM, with needs and expectations of HCW.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were held with sixteen HCW (i.e. physicians, residents and nurses) from high-risk AMR departments at a regional hospital in The Netherlands. Deductive coding was succeeded by open and axial coding to establish main codes, subcodes and variations within codes.

Results
HCW demand insights from audits into all facets of APM in their working routines (i.e. diagnostics, treatment and infection control), preferably in the form of simple and actionable feedback that invites interdisciplinary discussions, so that substantiated actions for improvement can be implemented. AF should not be seen as an isolated ad-hoc intervention, but as a recurrent, long-term, and organic improvement strategy that balances the primary aims of HCW (i.e. improving quality and safety of care for individual patients and HCW) and AMR-experts (i.e. reducing the burden of AMR).

Conclusions
To unlock the learning and improvement potentials of audit and feedback, HCW’ and AMR-experts’ perspectives should be balanced throughout the whole AF-loop (incl. data collection, analysis, visualization, feedback and planning, implementing and monitoring actions). APM-AF should be flexible, so that both audit (incl. collecting and combining the right data in an efficient and transparent manner) and feedback (incl. persuasive and actionable feedback) can be tailored to the needs of various target groups. To balance HCW’ and AMR-experts’ perspectives a participatory holistic AF development approach is advocated.
DRP1 deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis during porcine oocyte maturation
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Pan Zhennan , Ju Jiaqian , Xing Chunhua , Li Xiaohan , Shan Mengmeng , Sun Shaochen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental pollution induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammalian oocytes, which can cause defects in reproduction; however, the molecular regulation of oxidative stress in oocytes is still largely unknown. In the present study, we identified that dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is an important molecule regulating oocyte mitochondrial function and preventing oxidative stress/apoptosis. DRP1 is a member of the dynamin GTPase superfamily localized at the mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interaction site, where it regulates the fission of mitochondria and other related cellular processes.ResultsOur results show that DRP1 was stably expressed during different stages of porcine oocyte meiosis, and might have a potential relationship with mitochondria as it exhibited similar localization. Loss of DRP1 activity caused failed porcine oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion, as well as defects in polar body extrusion. Further analysis indicated that a DRP1 deficiency caused mitochondrial dysfunction and induced oxidative stress, which was confirmed by increased reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, the incidence of early apoptosis increased as detected by positive Annexin-V signaling.ConclusionsTaken together, our results indicate that DRP1 is essential for porcine oocyte maturation and that a DRP1 deficiency could induce mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
AI-enabled future crime
Authors: Caldwell M. , Andrews J. T. A. , Tanay T. , Griffin L. D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA review was conducted to identify possible applications of artificial intelligence and related technologies in the perpetration of crime. The collected examples were used to devise an approximate taxonomy of criminal applications for the purpose of assessing their relative threat levels. The exercise culminated in a 2-day workshop on ‘AI & Future Crime’ with representatives from academia, police, defence, government and the private sector. The workshop remit was (i) to catalogue potential criminal and terror threats arising from increasing adoption and power of artificial intelligence, and (ii) to rank these threats in terms of expected victim harm, criminal profit, criminal achievability and difficulty of defeat. Eighteen categories of threat were identified and rated. Five of the six highest-rated had a broad societal impact, such as those involving AI-generated fake content, or could operate at scale through use of AI automation; the sixth was abuse of driverless vehicle technology for terrorist attack.
Definitive surgical management for second branchial cleft fistula: A case series
Authors: Reddy Abhita , Valika Taher , Maddalozzo John 
Published: August 2020

Background Second branchial cleft fistulae are rare pediatric anomalies managed with surgical excision and, in certain cases, ipsilateral tonsillectomy to prevent postoperative recurrence or wound infection. Limited information is available in the published literature regarding surgical techniques to maximize patient outcomes and minimize recurrence. Our objective was to describe outcomes for the largest series of branchial cleft fistulae excised using a uniform technique based on embryologic principles. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who underwent surgery for second branchial cleft fistula using a uniform technique developed by the senior surgeon between 2006 and 2018 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. The technique involves dissection to the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone as the point of transection, which is the landmark for the base of the tonsillar fossa. Data collected included age at surgery, initial presentation, laterality of fistula tract, final pathology, and follow up data. Measured outcomes included fistula recurrence, wound infection, and other complications. Results Of 67 patients, 28 (42%) were male and 10 (15%) had bilateral fistulae, for a total of 77 tracts excised. After a median follow up of 31 months, there were no recurrences and one wound infection that was treated successfully with oral antibiotic therapy. No patients underwent tonsillectomy. Conclusion Effective management of second branchial cleft fistulae can be challenging. We present the largest cohort of results using a uniform surgical technique performed at a single center that obviates the need for tonsillectomy, and thus represents a less morbid and effective approach with no evidence of recurrence.
Two independent signals detected by ocean bottom electromagnetometers during a non-eruptive volcanic event: Ogasawara Island arc volcano, Nishinoshima
Authors: Baba Kiyoshi , Tada Noriko , Ichihara Hiroshi , Hamano Yozo , Sugioka Hiroko , Koyama Takao , Takagi Akimichi , Takeo Minoru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNishinoshima is an active oceanic island arc volcano situated approximately 1000 km south of Tokyo, Japan. Since 2016, marine electromagnetic observations using ocean bottom electromagnetometers have been conducted around the island to investigate the electrical structure beneath the volcano for the first time. In contrast to the original purpose of the experiment, the data collected at five sites deployed in 2016–2017 showed distinct time variations in the magnetic field and the tilt of the volcano’s slope. These time variations occurred coincidentally in mid-November 2016; this was during a quiet period between eruptions in 2015 and in 2017. The independence between the observed total magnetic force and tilt data was verified, highlighting that these variations were not artificial rather, associated with volcanic activity that did not invoke an eruption. Sources for demagnetization and deflation were estimated beneath the volcanic slope in the northeast of Nishinoshima Island, assuming a magnetic dipole and a spherical volume change, respectively. The resultant dipole moment and the volume change were too large to maintain simple source assumptions. However, the limited available data only enabled quantitative discussion under simple model settings, suggesting that the source mechanisms were more complex. The observations from this study demonstrate that if deployed strategically, ocean bottom electromagnetometers are useful to monitor island volcano activities.
A Fulbright Scholar’s report on textiles and apparel education in Myanmar
Authors: Lee Jaeil 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMyanmar, once known as Burma, has a substantial history in the textiles and apparel industry. In the past, the nation’s contribution to the industry was small compared to that of other Asian nations. However, Myanmar’s global trade in textiles and apparel products has increased dramatically after the European Union suspended its sanctions in 2013 and after the United States issued a waiver and general license in 2012 (Kent, Can manufacturing succeed in Myanmar, http://www.forbes.com/sites/connorconnect/2012/10/18/can-manufacturing-succeed-in-myanmar/#73630e4c4b7d, 2012). This trend is expected to continue, with Myanmar’s apparel exports projected to more than double by 2020, reaching $4 billion (www.fibre2fashion.com). Given the economic growth potential of the textiles and apparel industry, it is imperative for Myanmar to support textiles and apparel education regarding design, product development, retailing, and marketing. The author served as a U.S. Fulbright Scholar to Myanmar for the 2018–2019 term. She taught a course in the MBA program at Yangon University of Economics in Yangon, Myanmar, in addition to working in the Myanmar fashion industry to support fashion entrepreneurs using traditional Myanmar textiles and designs. In this report, the author provides her insight on the current status of Myanmar’s textiles and apparel education, along with information on the textiles and apparel industry in Myanmar.
Cortical and subcortical changes following sphenopalatine ganglion blocks in chronic migraine with medication overuse headache: a preliminary longitudinal study
Authors: Newman-Norlund Roger D. , Rorden Chris , Maleki Nasim , Patel Milap , Cheng Brian , Androulakis X. Michelle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate potential changes in brain morphology (cortical thickness and cortical/subcortical volume) accompanying a series of sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) blockade treatments in chronic migraine with medication overuse headaches (CMw/MOH).

Background
Local anesthetization of the SPG via intranasal application is used for the treatment for multiple types of headache disorders, including CM. Our previous longitudinal fMRI study revealed improved network connectivity after such treatment. However, the impact of SPG blocks on cortical, subcortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness has yet to be assessed.

Methods
Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cortical/subcortical volume were measured in 12 chronic migraine patients before and after a series of 12 SPG blocks administered over a 6-week period (2 per week). The average time between MRI assessments was 6 weeks. Targeted, within-subjects t-tests comparing pre-treatment and post-treatment values in specific apriori brain regions of interest, including the hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, somatosensory cortex, temporal cortex and occipital cortex, were used to estimate the impact of repetitive SPG blocks treatment on brain morphology in CMw/MOH.

Results
Compared to baseline values, the number of moderate/severe headache days per month, HIT-6, PHQ-9 scores and allodynia scores were all significantly improved at the end of treatment. Analysis of MRI data revealed that the volume of the right hippocampus and the right palladium significantly decreased following SPG block treatment, while the volume of the left nucleus accumbens significantly increased following treatment. Cortical thickness in the left temporal pole and left lateral occipito-temporal gyrus significantly decreased following SPG block treatment.

Conclusion
Our results suggest SPG block treatment is associated with significant symptom improvement as well as significant structural brain changes in regions known to be associated with migraine and chronic pain processing in CMw/MOH.