bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Crippling and unfamiliar”: Analysing the concept of perinatal anxiety; definition, recognition and implications for psychological care provision for women during pregnancy and early motherhood
Authors: Folliard Kelda J. , Crozier Kenda , Wadnerkar Kamble Meghana M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo clarify how perinatal anxiety is characterised within the current evidence base and discuss how a clearer definition and understanding of this condition may contribute to improving care provision by midwives and other healthcare professionals.BackgroundPerinatal anxiety is common, occurs more frequently than depression and carries significant morbidity for mother and infant. The concept of perinatal anxiety is ill‐defined; this can pose a barrier to understanding, identification and appropriate treatment of the condition.DesignConcept Analysis paper.MethodRodgers’ Evolutionary Model of Concept Analysis, with review based on PRISMA principles (see Supplementary File‐1).FindingsWhile somatic presentation of perinatal anxiety shares characteristics with general anxiety, anxiety is a unique condition within the context of the perinatal period. The precursors to perinatal anxiety are grounded in biopsychosocial factors and the sequelae can be significant for mother, foetus, newborn and older child. Due to the unique nature of perinatal anxiety, questions arise about presentation and diagnosis within the context of adjustment to motherhood, whether services meet women's needs and how midwives and other health professionals contribute to this. Most current evidence explores screening tools with little examination of the lived experience of perinatal anxiety.ConclusionExamination of the lived experience of perinatal anxiety is needed to address the gap in evidence and further understand this condition. Service provision should account for the unique nature of the perinatal period and be adapted to meet women's psychological needs at this time, even in cases of mild or moderate distress.
Acute and cumulative benefits of Photobiomodulation for xerostomia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Galiano‐Castillo Noelia , Liu Lizhou , Lozano‐Lozano Mario , Tumilty Steve , Cantarero‐Villanueva Irene , Baxter George David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective was to explore the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for treating patients who suffer xerostomia and/or hyposalivation due to the most prevalent clinical diagnoses. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library for randomized or clinical controlled trials published until 31 October 2019. Risk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis were conducted using the Cochrane tools. A total of 274 records were retrieved, and 11 met the inclusion criteria. Interventions whose parameters ranged between wavelengths of 790–830 nm (infrared), 30–120 mW of power and an energy density below 30 J/cm‐2 were associated with improvements in xerostomia/hyposalivation. As for the assessment of methodological quality, 10 of the 11 articles included had a high risk of overall bias. Only 3 articles provided sufficient information to conduct a meta‐analysis for quality of life, compared with placebo in patients with burning mouth syndrome, showing a standardized mean difference between groups from baseline of −0.90 (−1.48; −0.32). The present review and meta‐analysis suggest that photobiomodulation therapy is an effective, non‐invasive and safe approach in patients with xerostomia. However, despite the potential, it is not possible to reach a reliable consensus on the parameters to be used, and future studies should be conducted by standardizing intervention protocols.
An approach to using pharmacokinetics and electroencephalography for propofol anesthesia for surgery in infants
Authors: Xu Ting , Kurth Charles Dean , Yuan Ian , Vutskits Laszlo , Zhu Tao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSafe and effective techniques for propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in infants are not well imbedded into clinical practice, resulting in practitioner unfamiliarity and potential for over‐ and under‐dosing. In this education article, we describe our approach to TIVA dosing in infants and toddlers (birth to 36 months) which combines the use of pharmacokinetic models with EEG multi‐parameter analysis. Pharmacokinetic models describe propofol and remifentanil effect site concentrations (Ce) over time in different age groups for a given dosing regimen. These models display substantial biological variability between individuals within age groups, impeding their application to clinical practice. Nevertheless, they reveal that younger infants require a higher propofol loading dose, a lower propofol maintenance dose, and a higher remifentanil dose compared with older infants. Proprietary EEG indices (eg, Bispectral Index) can serve as a biomarker of propofol Ce in adults and children to guide dosing to the individual patient; however, they are not recommended for infants as their validity remains uncertain this population. In our experience, EEG waveforms and processed parameters can reflect propofol Ce in infants, reflected by spectral edge frequency (SEF), density spectral array (DSA), and waveform patterns. In our practice, we use a “lookup table” of age‐based dosing regimens or target‐controlled infusion (TCI) based on the pharmacokinetic models to deliver a target propofol Ce and co‐administer remifentanil and/or regional technique for analgesia. We analyze Electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms, SEF, and DSA to adjust the propofol dose or TCI target concentration to the individual infant. EEG analysis mitigates against biological variability inherent in the pharmacokinetic models and has improved our experience with TIVA for infants.
A priori perceptual entitlement, knowledge‐first
Authors: Simion Mona 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTyler Burge notably offers a truth‐first account of perceptual entitlement in terms of a priori necessary representational functions and norms: on his account, epistemic normativity turns on natural norms, which turn on representational functions. This paper has two aims: first, it criticises Tyler Burge's truth‐first a priori derivation on functionalist and value‐theoretic grounds. Second, it develops a novel, knowledge‐first a priori derivation of perceptual entitlement. According to the view developed here, it is a priori that we are entitled to believe the deliverances of our perceptual belief formation system, in virtue of the latter's constitutive function of generating knowledge.
Power transition and the regulatory state in large emerging markets: Norm‐breaking after the global financial crisis
Authors: Evenett Simon J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractI examine the ways in which the global financial crisis that began in 2007, and whose effects arguably condition policymaking to the present day, affected the ongoing global power transition as manifested by the unilateral decisions undertaken by official agencies comprising national regulatory states. The theory of that power transition articulated in the overview paper of this Special Issue is reinterpreted to take into account the circumstances of that crisis. Empirical evidence on the propensity to discriminate against foreign commercial interests by the BRICS, Turkey, the European Union, and the United States during the years 2008 to 2017 at, and behind, the border is employed to identify a group of six potential rule‐shapers and two possible sham rule‐takers.
Charismatic Catholic Renewal in Bougainville: Revisiting the power of Marian devotion as a cultural and socio‐political force
Authors: Hermkens Anna‐Karina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article explores the interplay between culture and Christianity by detailing the history, experience, and impact of the Charismatic Catholic Renewal in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea (PNG). In 1985, the PNG Catholic Bishops' Conference approved the charismatic movement as one of the authentic movements for spiritual renewal of the Catholic Church in PNG. However, the conference stressed this renewal not to be made independent or outside of the Church. In this article I discuss how in Bougainville the Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR) has been predominantly operating ‘outside’ the institutional Catholic Church, drawing upon both Catholic and cultural logics to mobilise devotees across Bougainville towards renewal and political change. In particular, I will focus on various local Marian movements, elucidating the power and force of the CCR in contexts of Bougainville's civil war (1988–1998). In doing so, this paper will explore what Catholicism and CCR may contribute to discussions about the positioning of culture within Christianity, at the same time showing how charismatic Marian devotion invites reassessment of recent prevailing discussions on cultural ‘continuity’ versus ‘rupture’, as well as doctrinal boundaries held so dearly by the CCR and the Roman Catholic Church in general.
Effectiveness of the post‐donation instruction sheet in conveying information to repeat blood donors
Authors: Crowder Lauren A. , Eder Anne F. , Steele Whitney R. 
Published: September 2020

Background and objectivesWritten materials are commonly used for blood donor education. While pre‐donation materials are largely standardized across US blood collectors, the post‐donation instruction sheet (PDIS) is variable and few have been evaluated to assess their effectiveness in conveying information as reflected by donors’ attention, understanding and recall.MethodsAn online survey was sent to two independent randomly selected samples of repeat donors, before and after implementation of the enhanced PDIS.ResultsA total of 12 935 blood donors responded (33·4% response rate). Most donors did not read the entire PDIS ‐ 34·3% less than half and 18·1% none. Of the 10 593 donors who reported reading any of the PDIS, 97·8% recalled instructions about immediate post‐donation care (e.g. extra fluids/no exercise) and 88·0% to call with questions/problems. However, only 50·1% remembered reading about what to do if you felt dizzy/faint and 32·4% about care for bruises. Recall rates in every area were similar before and after revision; except after revision, more donors remembered seeing information about maintaining iron and fewer that you should call the centre back with additional health information (P < 0·0001).DiscussionBlood collectors rely heavily on written materials to convey instructions to donors. Most repeat donors do not read the entire PDIS, and many do not recall important information. More donors recalled seeing how to maintain iron with the enhanced PDIS, but recall deficits remained on how to care for adverse reactions. Written materials alone appear to be insufficient to educate some donors about new or updated topics.
Computed tomographic comparison of esophageal hiatal size in brachycephalic and non‐brachycephalic breed dogs
Authors: Conte Alessandro , Morabito Simona , Dennis Ruth , Murgia Daniela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether an anatomical difference in esophageal hiatus (EH) size exists between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs.Study designRetrospective clinical study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 87).MethodsClinical records and images of dogs that underwent computed tomography between June 2015 and September 2018 were reviewed. For the first part of the study, EH and aortic (Ao) cross‐sectional surface areas were measured in brachycephalic (group 1) and nonbrachycephalic dogs of similar body size (<15 kg) without respiratory or gastroesophageal (GE) signs (group 2) by using multiplanar reconstruction. Esophageal hiatus:aortic ratio was calculated. In the second part of the study, absolute EH measurements were also compared in weight‐matched (WM) dogs (8‐10 kg) from groups 1 and 2.ResultsMean (±SD) of EH:Ao values for group 1 (8.1 ± 2.8) were higher (P < .0001) than those for group 2 (3.7 ± 1.1). In addition, EH measurements of 20 WM dogs in group 1 were higher than those of 20 dogs in group 2 (P < .05).ConclusionEsophageal hiatus cross‐sectional surface area (directly and indirectly measured) in brachycephalic dogs was considerably larger than that in nonbrachycephalic dogs of generally similar body size.Clinical significanceResults of this study provide evidence to support the existence of a specific anatomical factor that could likely correlate to functional GE alterations (eg, regurgitation, gastroesophageal reflux, and sliding hiatal hernia) commonly seen in brachycephalic dogs.
Risk of hospitalization and death within 2 years after methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) diagnosis in persons colonized or infected with livestock and non–livestock‐associated MRSA—A nationwide register‐based cohort study
Authors: Holten Møller Camilla , Andersson Mikael , Rhod Larsen Anders , Petersen Andreas , Mølbak Kåre , Koch Anders 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLivestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA‐MRSA) CC398 has emerged in humans throughout Europe and the USA during the last decade and is associated with the spread of LA‐MRSA CC398 in production animals. In this study, we investigated the risk of subsequent hospitalization with an S. aureus‐related diagnosis and death within the first 2 years after MRSA diagnosis. The study included 7,521 carriers of MRSA, an age‐matched reference population of 376,041 individuals and 7,607 patients infected with MRSA. Hazard ratios (HR) for hospitalization with an S. aureus‐related diagnosis were 4.09 (95% CI: 2.78–6.00) and for death 1.21 (95% CI: 0.80–1.83) in LA‐MRSA CC398 carriers compared with the reference population. Comparing carriers of LA‐MRSA CC398 and non‐CC398 MRSA, HR for hospitalization was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.37–0.99) and death 0.25 (95% CI: 0.16–0.40), respectively. Patients initially diagnosed with LA‐MRSA CC398 or non‐CC398 MRSA infection differed from MRSA carriers in terms of older age, higher Charlson comorbidity index score and longer hospital stays. HR for subsequent hospitalization and death was similar regardless having infection with LA‐MRSA CC398 or non‐CC398 MRSA at the time of MRSA diagnosis. We established that MRSA CC398 carriers have a lower risk of hospitalization and death up to 2 years after MRSA diagnosis than non‐CC398 MRSA carriers do. In contrast, MRSA carriage, regardless the MRSA strain is a burden in terms of hospitalization and death when compared to the background reference population. Further, we established that there are no differences in risk of subsequent hospitalization and death in patients initially diagnosed with MRSA CC398 or non‐CC398 MRSA infection. We suggest that public health surveillance of MRSA clearly needs to distinguish between carriage and infection as well as strain type before any inference from number of cases to disease burden is made.
Hierarchical Robust Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sotoudeh Seyedeh Mahsa , Vellamattathil Baby Tinu , Shahri Pouria Karimi , Ghasemi Amir H. , HomChaudhuri Baisravan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a hierarchical energy management strategy for power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in presence of driving cycle uncertainty. The proposed hierarchical controller exploits long-term and short-term decision making via a high-level pseudospectral optimal controller and a low-level robust tube-based model predictive controller. This way, the proposed controller aims at robust charge balance constraint satisfaction and improvement in energy efficiency of the HEVs in presence of uncertainty in the future driving cycle. This article further focuses on the human-driven HEV energy management and exploits a data-driven future velocity prediction method that uses the data obtained from a drive simulator. Simulation results show an improvement in fuel economy for the proposed controller that is real time applicable and robust to the driving cycle’s uncertainty.
Friction Forces in a Linear-Guideway Type Recirculating Ball Bearing Under Grease Lubrication
Authors: Ohta Hiroyuki , Oguma Kazunori , Takane Koji , Kato Soichiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with friction forces in a linear-guideway type recirculating ball bearing (linear bearing) under grease lubrication. During the experiments, the friction force, temperature, and electric contact voltage of a grease lubricated linear bearing (test bearing) without seals were measured. Experimental results showed that the measured friction forces of the test bearing were fluctuated with the ball passage period. The measured time-average friction force FAVG (measured FAVG) was nearly constant when the grease filling rate x (=grease filling volume/internal space of the bearing) ≥0.13, while the measured FAVG decreased as x decreased when x &lt; 0.13. In addition, the measured temperatures were almost constant, and the measured contact voltages indicated that the contacts of the balls and raceways were electrically insulated by the grease film. Next, the expressions of friction forces due to differential slip (FD), elastic hysteresis loss (FE), and rolling traction (FRT) were shown. The calculated FD + FE + FRT for the test bearing was almost equal to the measured FAVG around the grease filling rate of x = 0, while in cases where x &gt; 0, the measured FAVG was greater than the calculated FD + FE + FRT. This means that when x &gt; 0, an agitating resistance (FA) from the grease might cause the measured FAVG to be greater than the calculated FD + FE + FRT. Finally, an expression for the friction force of a linear bearing, FAVG = FD + FE + FRT + FA (which can estimate the measured ones) is proposed.
Quantitative Assessment of Potassium Hydroxide Concentration in Oxyhydrogen Cell for Optimal Gasoline Fuel Engine Performance and Emissions
Authors: Musmar Sa’ed A. , Al-Rousan Ammar A. , AlAjlouni Musa , Alzoubi Khalid 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Oxyhydrogen gas (Brown gas (HHO)) can be an innovative venue for cleaner energy in the auto industry. The effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration in an electrolyte solution of HHO fuel cell on GK200 Honda single-cylinder engine performance parameters and emissions has been investigated. A 1 L/min blend of HHO is fed to the engine as a secondary fuel and a constant electrical load, and variable engine speed (1300–2300) tests were carried out to quantify the foremost concentration of KOH in the fuel cell electrolyte that has a constructive impact on both engine performance parameters and emissions. Several concentrations of KOH were considered (1 g/l, 1.5 g/l, 2 g/l, 5 g/l, and 6.5 g/l). Results reveal that all KOH concentrations considered have a positive impact on engine performance parameters and the best concentration range for KOH in distilled water is within the range 1–2 g/l. The average percentage enhancement in engine brake power was 22.3% and 20.5% reduction in specific fuel consumption whereas the average reduction in carbon oxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were almost 80% and 50% reduction in NOx and HC emissions. Most of the literature concerned with HHO as a fuel blend set 5 g/l KOH concentration for fuel cell electrolyte whereas the results of this research reveal that lower concentrations within the range of 1–2 g/l reduce the energy consumed by the fuel cell in addition to higher impact on the engine performance parameters and enhance the overall system efficiency.
A Semi-Analytical Model Based on the Volumetric Source Method to Predict Acid Injection Profiles of Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Tan Yongsheng , Li Qi , Li Haitao , Zhou Xiang , Jiang Beibei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Acid treatment is an important measure to improve production for horizontal wells of carbonate reservoirs. Acid injection profile of horizontal wells (AIPHWs) is the most critical indicator of the success of the acidification. Currently, most previous works studied AIPHW based on the point source method. However, an inherent singularity exists in the point source solution, and hence, the calculation speed is too slow or the solution does not converge. To solve this problem, a semi-analytical model (coupling the wellbore flow model and reservoir seepage model) by the volumetric source method is presented to determine AIPHW in carbonate reservoirs. In this new coupled model, the permeability heterogeneity, formation contamination, acid-induced wormhole formation, and wellbore pressure drop are all considered. The results of the validations show that the results from the proposed method match well with the model results from the literature. Then, the effects of the acid injection flowrate, acid injection time, and permeability heterogeneity on the AIPHW are studied. According to the sensitivity analysis, we find that the disequilibrium degree of AIPHW becomes stronger as acid injection flowrate increases, acid injection time increases, and permeability heterogeneity coefficient increases. This study provides a guide for the design of horizontal well acidification and the evaluation of acid treatments of horizontal wells in carbonate reservoirs.
Integrated Similarity Criteria of Particle Erosion in Elbows Under Gas and Gas-Mist Flow Conditions
Authors: Liu Mingyang , Hu Liming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSolid particle erosion has been a long-standing concern in oil-and-gas production and transportation systems, particularly in elbows of pipelines. Since it is difficult to exactly reproduce field conditions in the laboratory to study erosion, it is necessary to develop similarity criteria which ensure that lab results are representative of field conditions. Building on a previous work by the authors on similarity criteria that cover flow-field properties and particle-following behavior in gas and gas-mist flows, this work adds a similarity criterion for particle-rebounding and target material hardness. This new expanded set of criteria is validated using computational fluid dynamics by mapping five classic model tests to field cases—at different pipe diameters and pressures, with duplex stainless steel as the target material—and then comparing dimensionless maximum penetration rates and their angular locations. The analysis of errors demonstrates that the proposed criteria perform well in mapping laboratory data to field conditions.
Temporary late Holocene barrier-chain deterioration due to insufficient sediment availability, Wadden Sea, Denmark
Authors: Fruergaard Mikkel , Sander Lasse , Goslin Jérôme , Andersen Thorbjørn J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Understanding the coupling between sediment availability and sea-level change is important for forecasting coastal-barrier (barrier islands and barrier spits) response to future sea-level rise (SLR). An extensive data set of sediment cores, seismic profiles, and a high-resolution chronology from the Wadden Sea (southeastern North Sea) documents that long-term barrier-chain progradation was interrupted by a period of widespread barrier deterioration between ca. 3.5 and 2.0 ka. The decay of the barrier islands resulted from a decrease in littoral drift triggered by regional-scale coastal reconfiguration. The formation of a large cuspate foreland updrift caused the depositional locus to shift away from the barrier coast. Our results demonstrate that the resulting reduction in marine sediment availability substantially decreased the stability of the barrier chain, causing the regional SLR thresholds to fall from between 2 and 9 mm yr−1 to ∼0.9 mm yr−1, and thus below contemporary rates of SLR. Hence, we argue that predicting the response of barrier coasts to ongoing SLR requires consideration of possible changes in sediment availability and the role of large-scale geomorphological feedbacks due to human and natural causes.