bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between Protest and Politics
Authors: Patterson Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the official Black Lives Matter Movement (the Black Lives Matter Global Network) as a point of departure to argue that Black Lives Matter (BLM) in general expands our epistemological framework for thinking about black freedom movements, black freedom dreams, and black freedom strategies. By analyzing the movement’s explicit refusal to be likened to civil rights movement organizations as a concurrent attack against intraracial sexism, heterosexism, and transphobia, the article insists that BLM deprivileges heteronormativity to show that black freedom dreams must include gender and sexual liberation. By considering BLM’s rejection of capitalism as a broader critique of neoliberalism’s forceful role in maintaining black dispossession, the author posits that BLM desires to disrupt the state’s tendency to use the black middle class to enact, enforce, and reinforce an economic order that relies upon race and racism to codify and cement black inequality. Finally, the author posits that the movement’s tactics and goals provide a framework through which to enact short-term change, while pushing to dismantle the larger system of antiblack racism that is refracted through global capitalism.
Comparison of time-of-flight MR angiography and intracranial vessel wall MRI for luminal measurements relative to CT angiography
Authors: Sarikaya Basar , Colip Charles , Hwang William D , Hippe Daniel S , Zhu Chengcheng , Sun Jie , Balu Niranjan , Yuan Chun , Mossa-Basha Mahmud 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To assess whether intracranial vessel wall (IVW) MRI luminal measurements are more accurate than non-contrast 3D-TOF-MRA measurements for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis, relative to CTA.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with non-calcified intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis seen on CTA, who had non-contrast 3D-TOF-MRA and IVW performed between 1 January 2013 and 20 April 2014 were selected, and images with stenosis were pre-selected by a single independent rater. The pre-selected CTA, MRA, and IVW (T 1-weighted) images were then reviewed by two independent raters blinded to the other measurements in random order. Measurements were made in a plane perpendicular to the lumen on each modality. MRA and IVW measurements were compared to CTA, to determine which more accurately matched the degree of stenosis.

Results:
18 patients with 33 intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses were included. Relative to CTA, IVW had 40% less variance than MRA (p = .004). IVW had a significantly higher concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) relative to CTA than MRA (.87 vs .68, p = .002). IVW and MRA did not have significant bias relative to CTA, however, 8/33 lesions showed &gt;20% overestimation of the degree of stenosis on MRA, compared to 1/33 for IVW. CCC between raters were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–0.93) for CTA, 0.83 (0.67–0.93) for TOF-MRA, and 0.85 (0.71–0.94) for IVW. For stenosis &gt;50% sensitivity was 82% for IVW and 64% for MRA, while specificity was 73% for both.

Conclusion:
IVW provides more accurate stenosis measurements than MRA when compared to CTA.

Advances in knowledge:
Considering higher stenosis measurement accuracy of IVW, it can be more reliably used for quantitative evaluation relative to MRA.
High filtration in interventional practices reduces patient radiation doses but not always scatter radiation doses
Authors: Sanchez Roberto M , Vano Eliseo , Salinas Pablo , Gonzalo Nieves , Escaned Javier , Fernández Jose M 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
In fluoroscopy-guided interventional practices, new dose reduction systems have proved to be efficient in the reduction of patient doses. However, it is not clear whether this reduction in patient dose is proportionally transferred to operators’ doses. This work investigates the secondary radiation fields produced by two kinds of interventional cardiology units from the same manufacturer with and without dose reduction systems.
Methods:
Data collected from a large sample of clinical procedures over a 2-year period (more than 5000 procedures and 340,000 radiation events) and the DICOM radiation dose structured reports were analysed.

Results:
The average cumulative H p(10) per procedure measured at the C-arm was similar for the standard and the dose reduction systems (452 vs 476 μSv respectively). The events analysis showed that the ratio H p(10)/KAP at the C-arm was (mean ± SD) 5 ± 2, 10 ± 4, 14 ± 4 and 14 ± 6 μSv·Gy−1·cm−2 for the beams with no added filtration, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.9 mm Cu respectively and suggested that the main cause for the increment of the ratio H p(10)/KAP vs the “standard system” is the use of higher beam filtration in the “dose reduction” system.

Conclusion:
Dose reduction systems are beneficial to reduce KAP in patients and their use should be encouraged, but they may not be equally effective to reduce occupational doses. Interventionalists should not overlook their own personal protection when using new technologies with dose reduction systems.

Advances in knowledge:
Dose reduction technology in interventional systems may increase scatter dose for operators. Personal protection should not be overlooked with dose reduction systems.
Personalized estimation of one-year mortality risk after elective hip or knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis
Authors: Trela-Larsen Lea , Kroken Gard , Bartz-Johannessen Christoffer , Sayers Adrian , Aram Parham , McCloskey Eugene , Kadirkamanathan Visakan , Blom Ashley W. , Lie Stein Atle , Furnes Ove Nord , Wilkinson J. Mark 
Published: November 2020

Aims To develop and validate patient-centred algorithms that estimate individual risk of death over the first year after elective joint arthroplasty surgery for osteoarthritis. Methods A total of 763,213 hip and knee joint arthroplasty episodes recorded in the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR) and 105,407 episodes from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register were used to model individual mortality risk over the first year after surgery using flexible parametric survival regression. Results The one-year mortality rates in the NJR were 10.8 and 8.9 per 1,000 patient-years after hip and knee arthroplasty, respectively. The Norwegian mortality rates were 9.1 and 6.0 per 1,000 patient-years, respectively. The strongest predictors of death in the final models were age, sex, body mass index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade. Exposure variables related to the intervention, with the exception of knee arthroplasty type, did not add discrimination over patient factors alone. Discrimination was good in both cohorts, with c-indices above 0.76 for the hip and above 0.70 for the knee. Time-dependent Brier scores indicated appropriate estimation of the mortality rate (≤ 0.01, all models). Conclusion Simple demographic and clinical information may be used to calculate an individualized estimation for one-year mortality risk after hip or knee arthroplasty ( https://jointcalc.shef.ac.uk ). These models may be used to provide patients with an estimate of the risk of mortality after joint arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(11):808–820.
Influence of doping for InSb on ultrafast carrier dynamics measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Li Gaofang , Nie Xiaobo , Zhou Wei , Zhang Wenjie , Cui Haoyang , Xia Nenghong , Huang Zhiming , Chu Junhao , Ma Guohong 
Published: November 2020

The influence of doping on the ultrafast carrier dynamics in InSb has been studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy with photogenerated carrier densities from

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1

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18

to

9.5

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1

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19

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at 800 nm. The photoinduced absorption and carrier recovery process show doping type dependence. The carrier recovery time of intrinsic InSb is greater than that of p-doped InSb but less than that of n-doped InSb at low carrier densities. At high carrier densities, compared with intrinsic InSb, the doped InSb is more prone to transient Auger recombination, which indicates that the appearance of the fast decay process depends on the carrier densities. The photoinduced absorption of terahertz probe pulse of n-doped InSb is significantly less than that of p-doped and intrinsic InSb; however, that of p-doped InSb is close to that of intrinsic InSb, which demonstrates that the high concentration of electrons can accelerate the efficiency of transient Auger recombination. Our analysis provides assistance to the design, manufacture, and improvement of photovoltaic detectors.
Individuelle Digitalisierungsbereitschaft in der Praxis
Authors: Muehlburger Manuel 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDigitale Transformation verändert die Arbeitsrealitäten für Mitarbeiter und Mitarbeiterinnen in Organisationen. Die zunehmende Einbindung von Technologie in den Arbeitsalltag verändert dabei auch die Anforderungen an die Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter. Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Eigenschaften die Belegschaft befähigen die digitale Transformation ihrer Organisation zu unterstützen und mittels welcher Förderansätze diese Eigenschaften entwickelt werden können. Basierend auf einer initialen Literaturanalyse und einer qualitativen Querschnittsstudie bei zehn österreichischen Unternehmen wurden grundlegende Eigenschaften von digitalisierungsbereiten Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern erhoben und bestehende Ansätze zur Förderung der individuellen Digitalisierungsbereitschaft analysiert. Die Studie zeigt, dass individuelle Digitalisierungsbereitschaft in der Praxis als dynamisches Konzept mit starken Abhängigkeiten von organisationalen und individuellen Faktoren gesehen wird. Im Zentrum des Konzepts stehen die Einstellung des Individuums gegenüber Neuem, die Einstellung zu Technologie sowie die Fähigkeit für ganzheitliches Verständnis und Handeln im organisationalen Kontext. Förderungsansätze fokussieren darauf, bestehende Ängste im Hinblick auf Technologie abzubauen, den möglichen Nutzen von Technologie für Mitarbeiter aufzuzeigen und Innovation am Arbeitsplatz zu ermöglichen. Zusätzlich setzen Organisationen auf gezielte Initiativen in Form von technischen, wertezentrierten und hybriden Schulungskonzepten.
First national tuberculosis patient cost survey in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Assessment of the financial burden faced by TB-affected households and the comparisons by drug-resistance and HIV status
Authors: Chittamany Phonenaly , Yamanaka Takuya , Suthepmany Sakhone , Sorsavanh Thepphouthone , Siphanthong Phitsada , Sebert Jacques , Viney Kerri , Vixaysouk Thipphasone , Nagai Moeko , Seevisay Vilath , Izumi Kiyohiko , Morishita Fukushi , Nishikiori Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2020

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) patients incur large costs for care seeking, diagnosis, and treatment. To understand the magnitude of this financial burden and its main cost drivers, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) National TB Programme carried out the first national TB patient cost survey in 2018–2019.

Method
A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted based on a nationally representative sample of TB patients from public health facilities across 12 provinces. A total of 848 TB patients including 30 drug resistant (DR)-TB and 123 TB-HIV coinfected patients were interviewed using a standardised questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. Information on direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs, as well as coping mechanisms was collected. We estimated the percentage of TB-affected households facing catastrophic costs, which was defined as total TB-related costs accounting for more than 20% of annual household income.

Result
The median total cost of TB care was US$ 755 (Interquartile range 351–1,454). The costs were driven by direct non-medical costs (46.6%) and income loss (37.6%). Nutritional supplements accounted for 74.7% of direct non-medical costs. Half of the patients used savings, borrowed money or sold household assets to cope with TB. The proportion of unemployment more than doubled from 16.8% to 35.4% during the TB episode, especially among those working in the informal sector. Of all participants, 62.6% of TB-affected households faced catastrophic costs. This proportion was higher among households with DR-TB (86.7%) and TB-HIV coinfected patients (81.1%).

Conclusion
In Lao PDR, TB patients and their households faced a substantial financial burden due to TB, despite the availability of free TB services in public health facilities. As direct non-medical and indirect costs were major cost drivers, providing free TB services is not enough to ease this financial burden. Expansion of existing social protection schemes to accommodate the needs of TB patients is necessary.
Mixed infections by different Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units among Chagas disease patients in an endemic community in Panama
Authors: Ledezma Alexa Prescilla , Blandon Roberto , Schijman Alejandro G. , Benatar Alejandro , Saldaña Azael , Osuna Antonio 
Published: November 2020

Background
Trypanosoma cruzi, the hemoparasite that causes Chagas disease, is divided into six Discrete Typing Units or DTUs: TcI-TcVI plus Tcbat. This genetic diversity is based on ecobiological and clinical characteristics associated with particular populations of the parasite. The main objective of this study was the identification of DTUs in patients with chronic chagasic infections from a mountainous rural community in the eastern region of Panama.

Methods
A total of 106 patients were tested for Chagas disease with three serological tests (ELISA, rapid test, and Western blot). Molecular diagnosis and DTU typing were carried out by conventional PCRs and qPCR targeting different genomic markers, respectively. As a control sample for the typing, 28 patients suspected to be chagasic from the metropolitan area of Panama City were included.

Results
Results showed a positivity in the evaluated patients of 42.3% (33/78); high compared to other endemic regions in the country. In the control group, 20/28 (71.43%) patients presented positive serology. The typing of samples from rural patients showed that 78.78% (26/33) corresponded to TcI, while 9.09% (3/33) were mixed infections (TcI plus TcII/V/VI). Seventy-five percent (15/20) of the patients in the control group presented TcI, and in five samples it was not possible to typify the T. cruzi genotype involved.

Conclusions
These results confirm that TcI is the main DTU of T. cruzi present in chronic chagasic patients from Panama. However, the circulation of other genotypes (TcII/V/VI) in this country is described for the first time. The eco-epidemiological characteristics that condition the circulation of TcII/V/VI, as well as the immune and clinical impact of mixed infections in this remote mountainous region should be investigated, which will help local action programs in the surveillance, prevention, and management of Chagas disease.
Health education improves referral compliance of persons with probable Diabetic Retinopathy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Khair Zara , Rahman Md Moshiur , Kazawa Kana , Jahan Yasmin , Faruque Abu S. G. , Chisti Mohammod Jobayer , Moriyama Michiko 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveLack of awareness about Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most commonly cited reason why many persons with type 2 diabetes are non-compliant with referral instruction to undergo retinal screening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally, geographically and socially appropriate, locally adapted five-month-long health education on referral compliance of participants.MethodA prospective randomized, open-label parallel group study was conducted on persons with type 2 diabetes who underwent basic eye screening at a diabetes hospital between September 2017 and August 2018. Participants who were noncompliant with referral instruction to visit a hospital for advanced DR management were randomly divided into health education intervention group (n = 143) and control group (n = 156). Both groups received information regarding DR and referral instruction at the diabetes hospital. The intervention group was provided personalized education followed by telephonic reminders. The primary endpoint was ‘increase in referral compliance’ and the secondary endpoint was ‘increase in knowledge of DR’. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictors of compliance to referral.ResultsA total of nine participants dropped and 290 completed the post intervention survey. The compliance rate in intervention group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (64.3% vs 28.2%; OR 4.73; 95% CI 2.87–7.79; p<0.001). Participants in the intervention group acquired better knowledge on DR (p<0.05). Apart from intervention, referral compliance rate was also found to be significantly associated with participants’ self-perception of vision problem (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.02–4.01; p = 0.045) and participants’ income (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06–1.44; p = 0.008).DiscussionOur results suggest that intensive health education on DR should be integrated with diabetes education as it may result in significantly improved referral compliance. Outcomes may be sustainable if interventions are institutionalized at referral point.Trial registrationClinical Trials.gov (Registration # NCT03658980);https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03658980.
Mental health and quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis pain: The sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2015)
Authors: Lee Yura , Lee Sook-Hyun , Lim Sung Min , Baek Seung Ho , Ha In-Hyuk 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
This study aims to investigate the association between mental health and quality of life of osteoarthritis (OA) patients according to the site of pain.

Design
Retrospective cross-sectional study

Participants
Data of 22,948 participants of the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013–2015 were used.

Outcome measures
Participants were asked if they had OA pain in the hip joint, knee joint, and lower back (yes/no) and whether they experienced anxiety or depression. The EQ-5D questionnaire was used to determine the quality of life of patients with hip, knee, and lower back OA. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting.

Results
A total of 5,401 patients reported pain in the hip joint, knee joint, or lower back. The analysis showed significant relations between pain sites, mental health, and quality of life. First, more female patients with OA experienced stress and depression than males. Second, for males with OA, stress was reported in the order of: lower back > hip > knee, while pain and depression was reported in the order of: lower back > knee > hip (p < 0.05). For females with OA, stress was reported in the order of: knee > lower back > hip, while depression was reported in the order of: knee > lower back > hip. Third, considering quality of life, for males, hip joint pain had the greatest impact on quality of life and for females, knee joint pain had the largest impact (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
For patients with OA, the effect on the mental health and quality of life differed according to sex and sites of pain. Therefore, this study confirms that pain sites, sex, mental health, and quality of life are independent risk factors when determining OA pain.
Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion as a risk factor for oxidative stress in Zambian adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kayamba Violet , Kelly Paul 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Persistent oxidative stress predisposes to various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), whose occurrence is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the link between markers of oxidative stress and some risk factors for NCDs in a Zambian cohort.

Methods
We assessed oxidative stress by measuring 8-isoprostane (lipid oxidative stress) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (DNA oxidative stress). In addition, we measured mycotoxins (aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A), salt intake estimated from 24-hour sodium excretion calculated using the Tanaka and Kawaski formulae, and 1-hydroxypyrene (a metabolite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). Data on lifestyle risk factors were collected using questionnaires.

Results
Included were 244 participants; 128 (52%) were female and the median age was 48 years (IQR 39–58). The median level of 8-isoprostane was 0.13 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 0.08–0.23) while that of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was 4 ng/mg creatinine (IQR 2–10). The median 24-hour sodium excretion was 21 g (IQR 16–25 g), with none being less than the 5 g recommended by WHO. Unadjusted urinary levels of 8-isoprostane were moderately correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene (Spearman r = 0.30, p<0.001) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium (Spearman r = 0.38, p<0.001). Urinary levels of 8-OHdG were not correlated with 1-hydroxypyrene, estimated 24-hour urine sodium, aflatoxin M1 or ochratoxin A (all p-values >0.05). Using logistic regression, adjusted and unadjusted 8-isoprostanes levels were associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001 respectively) and estimated 24-hour urine sodium method (p = 0.003 and p<0.001 respectively). However, only unadjusted 8-OHdG was associated with 1-hydroxypyrene (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.007).

Conclusions
Estimated 24-hour urinary sodium is high among Zambians and it is associated with lipid but not DNA oxidative stress. High exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is also associated with oxidative stress.
Clinical significance of IgG antimitochondrial M2 antibody levels in primary biliary cholangitis: A single center study from China
Authors: Feng Lina , Dong Kaihui , Zhang Xiaoxue , Ma Bo , Chen Lin , Yang Qianqian , Chen Qingling , Wen Xiaoyu , Jin Qinglong 
Published: November 2020

Background and objectiveThe relationship between antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) levels and the severity or prognosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is unclear. This study explored the clinical significance of serum IgG antimitochondrial M2 antibody (IgG-M2) levels.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2017, a retrospective analysis was conducted with PBC patients who had available quantitative values of serum IgG-M2 levels obtained with ELISA based on triple expression hybrid clones. The patients were divided into two groups based on high and low concentrations of IgG-M2. Baseline parameters, the incidence of adverse events, and prognosis were compared.ResultsAmong the 530 PBC patients, the levels of albumin, cholinesterase, hemoglobin, fibrinogen and triglycerides and the red blood cell count were significantly lower in the high-concentration group than in the low-concentration group (n = 263, 49.6%). The red cell distribution width (RDW) and levels of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and IgA were significantly higher in the high-concentration group than in the low-concentration group. Spearman’s correlation analysis suggested that the correlation between the above baseline indicators and IgG-M2 levels was statistically significant but weak (r < 0.2, P < 0.05). In total, 203 patients were followed up, of whom 87 (42.9%) were in the high-concentration group. During the median follow-up period of 52 months (range: 28–75), 121 (59.6%) experienced hepatic decompensation, and 37 (18.2%) died or underwent liver transplantation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications or survival (log-rank test: P = 0.079) between the two groups. One year after ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, the two groups had similar responses. In addition, the levels of IgG-M2 did not fluctuate significantly during treatment.ConclusionIgG-M2 levels were not related to the disease severity, prognosis or efficacy of UDCA. The levels of IgG-M2 did not change significantly during treatment.