bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum psychological distress associated with anal incontinence in the EDEN mother–child cohort
Authors: Fritel X , Gachon B , Saurel‐Cubizolles MJ ,   the EDEN Mother–Child Cohort Study Group
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of flatus‐only and faecal incontinence, to describe their risk factors and to analyse the association between anal incontinence and psychological distress over the first year postpartum.DesignCohort study from pregnancy to 12 months postpartum.SettingTwo university hospital maternity wards in France.PopulationA total of 2002 pregnant women were recruited between 2003 and 2006. Data on anal incontinence were available for the 1632 women who comprise the sample for analysis.MethodsWomen were enrolled during pregnancy. A postal questionnaire was sent at 4 and 12 months postpartum.Main outcome measuresAnal (flatus‐only and faecal) incontinence was assessed at 4 months postpartum. Mental health was assessed at 4 and 12 months postpartum by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and use of antidepressant drugs as well as by self‐rated mental health.ResultsAt 4 months postpartum, the prevalence for flatus‐only incontinence was 14.4% and for faecal incontinence 1.7%; multivariate analysis, restricted to women reporting no anal incontinence before the index pregnancy, showed that continuing breastfeeding at 4 months was related to a higher risk of de novo postpartum anal incontinence (OR = 2.23). Women who reported anal incontinence at 4 months were more frequently depressed (EPDS ≥10 or antidepressant use) at 12 months postpartum: 36.0% of those with faecal incontinence were depressed, 23.3% of those with flatus‐only incontinence and only 14.8% of the continent women.ConclusionPostnatal faecal incontinence was rare but associated with poorer maternal mental health. Postnatal screening should be encouraged, and psychological support offered.Tweetable abstractPostnatal faecal incontinence was associated with depression; postnatal screening should be encouraged and psychological support offered.
Development of a professional competency framework for UK food science graduates
Authors: Weston Emma , Foster Tim , Crilly Jim , Mossop Liz 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFood science‐based graduates are a significant proportion of the United Kingdom (UK) food and drink industry's workforce. Aside from technical standards, there is no cohesive competency framework to support key stakeholders; employers, students, and degree providers. Clarity of desirable competencies for the range of graduate opportunities available would enable students to undertake effective career planning and personal development, and educators to refine programs to satisfy market needs. Using a previously developed language tool, a Likert style, industry‐wide online survey in UK and Republic of Ireland (ROI) was conducted involving 218 participants from a broad range of food science‐related employment areas, evaluated by a combination of descriptive and multivariate data analysis. The survey outcomes indicate types of desirable competencies in a food science graduate. The tailored competency framework, Competencies for Food Graduate Careers (CFGC), is a set of 48elementsacross eightthemes, outlining which are desirable for each of 14 typical initial graduate roles. To enhance the quality of “oven‐ready” graduates entering the food industry, it is recommended CFGC be used for careers education and competency development in higher education. The framework is aimed to have further applications for job specification development and also to improve awareness of careers in the food industry.
Dirichlet‐multinomial modelling outperforms alternatives for analysis of microbiome and other ecological count data
Authors: Harrison Joshua G. , Calder W. John , Shastry Vivaswat , Buerkle C. Alex 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMolecular ecology regularly requires the analysis of count data that reflect the relative abundance of features of a composition (e.g., taxa in a community, gene transcripts in a tissue). The sampling process that generates these data can be modelled using the multinomial distribution. Replicate multinomial samples inform the relative abundances of features in an underlying Dirichlet distribution. These distributions together form a hierarchical model for relative abundances among replicates and sampling groups. This type of Dirichlet‐multinomial modelling (DMM) has been described previously, but its benefits and limitations are largely untested. With simulated data, we quantified the ability of DMM to detect differences in proportions between treatment and control groups, and compared the efficacy of three computational methods to implement DMM—Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC), variational inference (VI), and Gibbs Markov chain Monte Carlo. We report that DMM was better able to detect shifts in relative abundances than analogous analytical tools, while identifying an acceptably low number of false positives. Among methods for implementing DMM, HMC provided the most accurate estimates of relative abundances, and VI was the most computationally efficient. The sensitivity of DMM was exemplified through analysis of previously published data describing lung microbiomes. We report that DMM identified several potentially pathogenic, bacterial taxa as more abundant in the lungs of children who aspirated foreign material during swallowing; these differences went undetected with different statistical approaches. Our results suggest that DMM has strong potential as a statistical method to guide inference in molecular ecology.
When the company does not matter: High‐quality ant seed‐disperser does not drive the spatial distribution of large‐seeded myrmecochorous plants
Authors: Leal Laura C. , Silva Daniel Paiva , Peixoto Paulo E.C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMutualisms are one of the main forces shaping species spatial patterns at all geographic scales. In generalised mutualisms, however, the dependence among partners is highly variable in time and space, and therefore, the effect of diffuse mutualisms on species geographic distributions is unclear. Myrmecochorous seeds in Brazilian semi‐arid vegetation are dispersed by several ant species. However, large‐seeded species are especially dependent on dispersal by the giant ant Dinoponera quadriceps, which is the main disperser of such diaspores and the species that provide the longest dispersal distance among ant species in this system. Hence, we hypothesise that the presence of D. quadriceps shapes the distribution of large‐seeded, but not the distribution of small‐seeded myrmecochorous plant species. To evaluate this hypothesis, we modelled the potential distribution of two large‐seeded (which are predominantly dispersed by D. quadriceps) and two small‐seeded (which are barely dispersed by D. quadriceps) Euphorbiaceae species and the potential distribution of D. quadriceps. We analysed the relationship between the occurrence suitability of D. quadriceps and the occurrence suitability of plant species. We found that the potential distribution of both large‐seeded and small‐seeded myrmecochorous plants was unrelated to D. quadriceps occurrence suitability. It means that the disproportional benefits provided by high‐quality disperser at local scales may not emerge at broader geographical scales. In Caatinga vegetation, diaspores are submitted to strong abiotic filters that constraint seed germination and establishment after the dispersal phase. Such abiotic filters may dilute the initial benefit provided by long‐distance dispersers. Therefore, we suggest that in dry environments like the Caatinga, the benefits of long‐distance removals should be outweighed by the risk of reach new habitats with unfavourable conditions for germination and establishment.
Potential distribution patterns of scorpions in north‐eastern Brazil under scenarios of future climate change
Authors: Lira André Felipe de Araujo , Badillo‐Montaño Raúl , Lira‐Noriega Andrés , de Albuquerque Cleide Maria Ribeiro 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCurrent predictions about the responses of species to climate change strongly rely on projecting altered environmental conditions on their distributions. In this study, we investigated the effects of future climate change scenarios on the potential distribution of 10 species of scorpions in north‐eastern Brazil in the context of their degree of specialisation to closed (Atlantic and Amazon Forests) and open (Caatinga and Cerrado) habitats. Scorpion species were classified as habitat specialists or generalists according to the IndVal index, and present and future species distribution models were prepared using minimum volume ellipsoids. According to IndVal, four species were classified as closed‐forest specialists (Ananteris mauryi, Tityus brazilae, Tityus pusillus and Tityus neglectus), four as open‐forest specialists (Jaguajir agamemnon, Jaguajir rochae, Physoctonus debilis and Bothriurus rochai), and two as generalists (Tityus stigmurus and Bothriurus asper). All species presented a drastic reduction in potential distribution, ranging from 44% to 72%, when compared with their current distribution. In addition, we found a reduction in scorpion species richness under future climate change scenarios. This finding has implications for scorpion conservation. Further, the results show that climate change may impact the composition of scorpion assemblages in north‐eastern Brazil, revealing important implications for human–scorpion interactions.
Male partners of infertile couples with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens are mainly non‐azoospermic
Authors: Mieusset Roger , Bieth Eric , Daudin Myriam , Isus Francois , Delaunay Boris , Bujan Louis , Monteil Laetitia , Fauquet Isabelle , Huyghe Eric , Hamdi Safouane M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMen with congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens were reported to be mainly azoospermic, with both unilateral renal absence and mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) but some have neither.ObjectivesTo assess whether in infertile couples the male partners with congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens are mainly azoospermic men.Material and MethodsRetrospective study in a unique university hospital; reproductive, clinical, CFTR analysis and seminal data of male partners of infertile couples (from 1998 to 2018) were analysed. Diagnosis of congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens was based on transrectal ultrasounds (TRUS): complete or partial absence of one vas deferens with complete contralateral vas deferens confirmed in 63 men. Distribution of sperm count in three classes: azoospermia, oligozoospermia or normozoospermia. Ultrasound determination of renal status; seminal biomarkers assays; and search for CFTR mutations.ResultsAmong the 63 men, 39.7% displayed azoospermia, 27% oligozoospermia and 33.3% normozoospermia; 42% of the non‐azoospermic men (16/38) had previously obtained a natural pregnancy. We found unilateral renal absence in 17/59 patients (29%). Among 50 men with CFTR testing, five carried an allele associated with cystic fibrosis belonging to the 29 men without renal anomalies, indicating a high allelic frequency (8.6%). The 63 patients displayed high rates of surgical histories for undescended testicles or inguinal hernia, low values of semen volume and of total seminal glycerophosphocholine.ConclusionsOur results indicate that men with congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens mainly display oligozoospermia or normozoospermia and that they were previously fertile. They clearly confirm, first, that CFTR testing is recommended in congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens men and it should be mandatory for those with normal kidneys; and, second, that TRUS is needed for the diagnosis of congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens. As congenital unilateral absence of vas deferens may be present whatever the sperm count, biological warnings are represented by semen volume and seminal epididymal markers and clinical warnings by surgical histories of undescended testes or inguinal hernia.
Power analysis for cluster randomized trials with multiple binary co‐primary endpoints
Authors: Li Dateng , Cao Jing , Zhang Song 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCluster randomized trials (CRTs) are widely used in different areas of medicine and public health. Recently, with increasing complexity of medical therapies and technological advances in monitoring multiple outcomes, many clinical trials attempt to evaluate multiple co‐primary endpoints. In this study, we present a power analysis method for CRTs with binary co‐primary endpoints. It is developed based on the GEE (generalized estimating equation) approach, and three types of correlations are considered: inter‐subject correlation within each endpoint, intra‐subject correlation across endpoints, and inter‐subject correlation across endpoints. A closed‐form joint distribution of the K test statistics is derived, which facilitates the evaluation of power and type I error for arbitrarily constructed hypotheses. We further present a theorem that characterizes the relationship between various correlations and testing power. We assess the performance of the proposed power analysis method based on extensive simulation studies. An application example to a real clinical trial is presented.
Immediate impact of fantastical television content on children’s executive functions
Authors: Rhodes Sinéad M. , Stewart Tracy M. , Kanevski Margarita 
Published: December 2019

Recent research has suggested that particular content of television programmes, such as watching fantastical scenes, can have negative consequences on cognitive functions in young children. We examined the effects of watching fantastical programmes on executive functions measured at both pre‐ and post‐television viewing. Eighty 5‐ to 6‐year‐old children participated and were randomized into either fantastical or non‐fantastical conditions. They completed inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning tasks both before and after watching either the brief fantastical or non‐fantastical television clip. Whilst there were no differences between the groups at pre‐test on any of the cognitive measures, children in the fantastical condition were poorer on inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility tasks at the post‐test session. Watching fantastical television content, even briefly, seems to disrupt cognitive function performance in young children across a broad range of aspects of executive function.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Exposure to fantastical content within a television programme may impair executive functions in young children.

What does this study add?

Exposure to fantastical content within television programmes impairs executive functions in children of early primary school age.

Impairment extends to all three core aspects of executive functions.

Watching fantastical clips slows down planning performance without improving accuracy.
Ocular complications and mortality in peripheral ulcerative keratitis and necrotising scleritis: The role of systemic immunosuppression
Authors: Ogra Siddharth , Sims Joanne L. , McGhee Charles N. J. , Niederer Rachael L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractImportanceInflammatory ocular diseases are associated with systemic disease, ocular morbidity and mortality.BackgroundTo examine clinical characteristics of subjects with peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) and necrotising scleritis.DesignRetrospective case series in a single tertiary centre over 10 years.ParticipantsAll patients presenting with necrotising scleritis, PUK or scleritis with corneal infiltrates. Fifty‐two eyes (41 subjects) were identified.MethodsDemographic and clinical data analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresVisual loss, ocular complications and mortality.ResultsMean follow up was 7.0 ± 5.3 years, presentation age 51.3 ± 18.6 years, and 23 subjects (56.1%) were female. Overall, 27 eyes presented with PUK, 26 with necrotising scleritis, and 22 with corneal infiltrates associated with active scleritis. Associated systemic diagnosis was observed in 12 subjects at presentation, and in 21 subjects (51.2%) by final follow up. Recurrence occurred in 23 eyes (44.2%): 10 eyes experiencing PUK or necrotising scleritis; 13 eyes with non‐necrotising scleritis. Perforation occurred in six eyes (11.5%). Moderate vision loss occurred in 10 eyes (19.2%) and severe loss in six eyes (11.5%). Five subjects (12.2%) were deceased by study conclusion, of whom four were not on immunomodulatory therapy (IMT). A marked difference in estimated survival was observed with IMT, with mean estimated survival of 10.7 years without treatment, compared to 24.7 years with IMT (P = .045).Conclusions and RelevancePUK and necrotising scleritis represent a severe inflammatory disease with high rates of perforation, visual loss and mortality. IMT was associated with a lower rate of mortality and longer estimated survival in this group.
Parent–professional interviews in child protection: Comparing viewpoints
Authors: Boutanquoi Michel , Ansel Dominique , Bournel‐Bosson Maryse 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have analysed the parent–professional relationship in the field of child protection. Although social workers tend to privilege interviews when working with families and view them as a means through which to build ties, few studies have focused on these interviews. To analyse how professionals and parents position themselves, we chose to focus on the content of these interviews and on the associated interactions. To this end, we recorded 13 parent–professional interviews after receiving the consent of the concerned parties. After analysing the interviews, we asked volunteer social workers and parents to analyse their own recorded interviews. Our results confirm the asymmetric nature of the parent–professional relationship. They show that professionals' viewpoints carry more weight than those of parents. They also underscore professionals' lack of openness and the strategies parents implement to cope with this power imbalance. Lastly, our results open new avenues for reflection on the evolution of practices that may enable professionals to better take into account families' viewpoints.
Learning from parents: A qualitative interview study on how parents experience their journey through the Dutch child protection system
Authors: Bouma Helen , Grietens Hans , López López Mónica , Knorth Erik J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe quality of parents' experiences with the child protection system (CPS) is related to the outcomes of their family's process in the system. The importance of collaboration with parents in child protection is underpinned by human and children's rights conventions addressing the right for family life and parents being first responsible in fulfilling children's rights. We interviewed 20 parents about their experiences with the Dutch CPS. Our thematic analysis shows that a CPS serving the best interests of their children is most important to parents. To realize this, professionals should (1) “not let it happen but do something,” (2) “get a clear picture of the family's situation,” and (3) “take parents seriously.” Parents emphasize that a system providing sufficient “money, time, and knowledge” is needed to facilitate professionals. Their experiences seem to influence their trust in the system and their attitude towards it. This study shows new insights in parents' experiences, such as their advice to professionals to determine the truth and to be decisive. This deepened knowledge about parents' experiences is essential for evaluating and improving the CPS.
Aligning marine spatial conservation priorities with functional connectivity across maritime jurisdictions
Authors: Maina Joseph M. , Gamoyo Majambo , Adams Vanessa M. , D'agata Stephanie , Bosire Jared , Francis Julius , Waruinge Dixon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractGlobally, maritime boundaries on oceans form the basis of governance and management of natural resources, yet the fish, and other marine resources neither conform nor confine to these artificial boundaries. As goods and services from marine life continue to retrogress under the intense human exploitation and changing global environment, resilience could be supported through establishment of a functionally connected network of marine reserves across maritime jurisdictions. While the establishment of protected areas within the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) is expanding, mechanisms that would allow governments to conserve marine areas beyond national jurisdictions are currently inadequate. Consequently, implementing marine reserves is largely confined within territorial waters, high connectivity among contiguous maritime zones notwithstanding. As the global focus shifts toward achieving sustainable development goals for the oceans, there is a need for region‐specific approaches to area‐based biodiversity conservation that extends the scope of protection to areas in the high seas beyond the EEZ. Using simulations of functional connectivity and seafloor geomorphology, we present and apply in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region a contextual approach to regional marine conservation planning to inform a more effective regional marine conservation across maritime zones.
Markers of perinatal hypoxia–ischaemia and neurological injury: assessing the impact of insult duration
Authors: Baxter Peter 
Published: December 2019

Hypoxic–ischaemic insults occurring during or after birth can cause both acute and long‐term neurological impairment. The duration of the insult is a critical factor, but most published reports of duration have important limitations. After the onset of a persistent bradycardia in 125 term born infants, abnormal outcomes occurred in two by 10 minutes, in 12 out of 47 (26%) delivered between 11 and 20 minutes, and in 55 out of 65 (85%) delivered after 20 minutes. Series with unspecified gestation or including infants born preterm give comparable results in over 500 additional cases. Before 20 minutes there was little correlation with severity, while after 20 minutes most were severely impaired. Limited neuroimaging data suggest that damage restricted to the basal ganglia and thalamus may begin to occur after 10 minutes, associated Rolandic damage after 15 minutes, and other cortical involvement after 20 minutes. Associated white matter damage can occur after any duration. There were little data for other patterns of damage.What this paper adds

Some term born infants can withstand 20 minutes of fetal bradycardia without acute or chronic damage.

Durations in humans are not the same as in animal models.