bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF PERSONS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Afunugo Wilma E , Samper-Ternent Rafael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
According to the Alzheimer’s Association, 5.6 million Americans age 65 and older are living with Alzheimer’s Disease. Since pharmacological treatments have yet to be developed, we want to determine whether the amount and quality of social support influence the quality of life (QoL) of persons with dementia so they can lead active and purposeful lives. We analyzed data from 22,030 individuals aged 50+ from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study cohort. The dependent variable, QoL, was measured as self-rated health. The main independent variable, cognitive status, was obtained through direct and proxy interview measurements of cognition. For social support, a composite score including the number of social contacts/close relationships and perceived social support/strain was created. Lastly, several covariates were included. Longitudinally, we examined how QoL changed between 2010 and 2012 using 3 stepwise regression models. Model 1 found those with normal cognition have lower odds of poor QoL vs. those with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.38, p &lt;.0001), number of relationships and perceived social support decreases the odds of poor QoL (p = 0.003, p &lt;.0001), while social strain increases the odds of poor QoL (p &lt;.0001). Model 3 revealed similar findings but also, persons with comorbidities have increased odds of poor QoL (p &lt;.0001), while persons with better function have decreased odds of poor QoL (p &lt;.0001). In conclusion, these results can be used to design interventions to improve social support and reduce social strain, which can also improve QoL for dementia caregivers.
PENSION AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN URBAN CHINA: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
Authors: jiang haojun , Chi Iris 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study highlighted the relationship and interaction mechanism among pension, social participation and subjective well-being of older adults in urban China, which provided cross-cultural evidence for theories, and had significant implications for social security policy. It examined the relationship between pension and subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, depression) among older adults in urban China. It also assessed the mediating and moderating effects of social participation (i.e., three types of activity participations including labor activity participation, political activity participation, voluntary activity participation; and the variation of activity participation) in the linkage between pension and subjective well-being. The data came from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), a national, large-scale survey of a representative community aging sample (60 years and older) in urban China (N=6907). The study used hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation modeling methods. The results showed that pension could improve the subjective well-being of the older adults, specifically, pension enhances life satisfaction and reduces the depression of older adults. Both of three types of activity participation and the variation of activity participation were a significant moderator in the relationship between pension and subjective well-being. Besides, both labor activity participation and variation of activity participation were also a partial mediator in the relationship between pension and subjective well-being.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION RISK SCORE FOR NURSING HOME RESIDENTS
Authors: Phillips Lorraine J , Petroski Greg , Birtley Nancy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prevalence rates of antipsychotic medication (APM) use in U.S. long-stay nursing home (NH) residents, excluding those with approved diagnoses, range from 7.2% to 20.7%; Missouri’s rate is 18.6%. This study developed an APM risk score for NH residents using variables from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 (MDS 3.0) assessment. Data from the most recent Missouri MDS 3.0 assessment, excluding admission and discharge, for each long-stay NH resident from November 2017–December 2018 were used to create development (n= 30,893) and validation (n= 7,651) data sets. Potential predictors of APM use were entered in a logistic regression model with variable selection via the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). In a final step, only variables with odds ratios &gt; 1.2 were retained. A weighted score was created by assigning points relative to the maximum coefficient [10*βi /max (β)] and rounded to integer values. APM rates were 17.29% and 17.70% in the development and validation data, respectively. The final model included 14 demographic and clinical indicators; assigned points (1-10) summed for total score (0-50). Areas under receiver operator characteristic curves were 0.801 and 0.798 for the development and validation models, respectively. Youden's index cut-point = 8, with sensitivity of .70 and specificity of .75. Our findings demonstrate it is possible to predict with good accuracy a NH resident’s risk of APM use. Identifying residents at increased risk of receiving an APM, perhaps inappropriately, could position NH staff to proactively design and deliver nonpharmacological interventions individualized to each resident’s needs and preferences.
THE IMPACT OF AN EDUCATION INTERVENTION: IMPROVING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN OLDER ADULTS AND HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
Authors: Heyman Janna , White-Ryan Linda , Kelly Peggy 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
As people age, ensuing physical and psychological problems can increase, which makes it paramount to be comfortable discussing medical needs with health care professionals, particularly in light of the danger associated with misunderstanding medication use and combining alcohol with prescriptions and/or over the counter medications (National Institute on Aging, 2018). National studies found that about 40 percent of adults ages 65 and older drink alcohol and often do not understand the dangers of combining alcohol with medications (National Institute for Alcohol and Alcohol Abuse, 2008). An educational intervention was developed with a team of expert physicians, nurses, pharmacists and social workers who work in gerontology to focus on improving communication and addressing alcohol and medication use for older adults. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess whether the educational intervention improved older adults’ comfort in communicating with their health care providers, as well as their knowledge of the concomitant use of alcohol and prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Results of a MANCOVA showed that those in the intervention group showed larger increases in scores on communication with their health providers and knowledge about the implications of combining alcohol with prescription drugs than those in the control group (Wilks’ Lamda=.808, F(3,76)=6.039, p=.001&lt;.05). In addition, linear regression models showed that the intervention was significantly associated with participants’ knowledge of the implications of combining alcohol with prescription drugs. The coefficient across models was approximately 1.00, which represented a substantial increase given the average score of 6.5.
PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTATION DOES NOT RESCUE MUSCLE MASS AND FUNCTION–HEAVY RESISTANCE TRAINING IS REQUIRED
Authors: Holm Lars , Bechshoeft Rasmus , Reitelseder Soren , Mertz Kenneth , Bulow Jacob , Hojfeldt Grith 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The requirement of an enhanced dietary protein intake to counteract the age-related loss of muscle mass is still debated. Further, the dinner meal generally contains the majority of protein and energy and since, the muscle of older adults responds less to protein intake than that of younger adults it is hypothesized that older adults would benefit from taking more protein in at other meals. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the provision of protein supplements for breakfast and lunch meals over the course of a year would make healthy, older, home-dwelling adults (N=136) take in more protein and whether that then would affect their muscle mass (primary outcome) and a number of metabolic health parameters, muscle strength parameters and functional capabilities. More than 77% ingested more than 75% of the provided supplements, irrespective of supplementation type (isocaloric carbohydrate; collagen hydrolysate low quality protein: whey hydrolysate high quality protein). Providing supplementation for a year among older adults makes them comply very well. However, provision of extra protein has no impact on the muscle mass or strength or on the functional parameters. Further, we studied the impact of adding resistance training on top of WHEY protein supplementation and found that heavy more than light-load resistance training affects fat-free mass and maximal-voluntary contraction. Daily protein intake can be enhanced by supplementation but do not impact muscle mass and function over the course of a year, where heavy resistance training on top benefits, but to a lesser than expected degree.
CIRCADIAN PATTERNS OF FREE-WHEEL RUNNING IN YOUNG AND OLD MICE
Authors: Hibbs Carly , Yusifova Musharraf , McNair Benjamin , Bruns Danielle , Schmitt Emily 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock operates on a 24-hour cycle and regulates physiological, endocrine, and metabolic responses to changes in the environment. Aging disrupts this circadian process, increasing risk for development of age-associated diseases. Free-wheel running is not only an indicator of circadian rhythm, but also a strong predictor of survival from age-related diseases (i.e. cardiovascular disease). Thus, understanding the impact of age on free-wheel running can lead to a better understanding of disease progression. We analyzed free wheel running in both male and female C57BL/6J mice at young (3-6 months) and old (18-21 months) ages exposed to standard 12h light/dark cycle. Running wheel data was recorded hourly for 10 days. As expected, young female mice ran more than male mice, and old mice ran less than young mice. Regulation of wheel running demonstrated that older mice of both sexes had a delayed start time in activity patterns. Young mice began running immediately at lights off (signaling the start of their active period) and ran consistently throughout the dark phase with peak activity in the first 2 hours. In contrast, older mice had a delayed response to light with peak activity not occurring until hours 4-6 of the dark cycle and nightly activity ending 2 hours before lights on. Ongoing work will assess the central (brain) and peripheral (muscle, cardiac) regulation of free-wheel running in aging. Together, we demonstrate the importance of studying molecular mechanisms underlying circadian misalignment in older individuals to identify ways to combat age-associated disease with circadian misalignment.
“THEY DON’T TELL YOU ANYTHING”: ETHICS OF PRIVACY AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN ASSISTED LIVING
Authors: Cooke Emma , Perkins Molly M , Doyle Patrick , Kinlaw Kathy , Wack Kevin , Vandenberg Ann E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act was developed to ensure patient privacy. Yet in assisted living (AL), social connectedness—which is associated with positive sense of self and well-being—may conflict with privacy regulations restricting information sharing. These regulations, while intended to protect, rely on a traditional conception of autonomy that foregrounds self-determination, freedom of choice, and freedom from outside interference, rather than a relational definition that acknowledges dependency, interdependence, and care relationships. We sought to identify health information sharing practices in AL that help or hinder residents’ ability to maintain a positive sense of self. We conducted a thematic analysis with secondary data (61 interviews with residents and their informal and formal caregivers, 916 hours of ethnographic observation) from one large (125 beds) AL community in Atlanta enrolled in a 5-year NIA-funded end-of-life study (5R01AG047408). We examined these data to determine how health information is shared in AL, and the valence of different sharing practices. Findings showed that exchanging information about shared life stage and health circumstances built community within AL. Conversely, receiving partial or inadequate health information frustrated residents. Medical information could be inferred from environmental cues, but many residents felt these cues harmfully “medicalized” social space. Negotiating privacy boundaries required staff and resident compromise. These results indicate divergence between AL policies intended to preserve privacy, and resident values emphasizing social relationships and bonding. A relational perspective may be valuable in developing alternatives for residents wishing to share health information with peers.
PREDICTING FALLS IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Authors: Pretzer-Aboff Ingrid A , Elswick and Ronald K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a proclivity to falling. Early identification and treatment of PD patients with a high risk of falling is important to decrease morbidity, mortality, and improve quality of life. We compared functional performance tests and balance tests in people with PD to determine which tests predict fallers. Sixty participants were recruited, mean age 71.4 y.o. (range 55 – 89), 43 were male, and 34 were identified as fallers (defined as having fallen at least twice in the past year). A logistic regression model was built to determine which functional performance and balance tests would best predict fallers. Predictors in the model included Hoehn and Yahr stage of disease, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Barthel Index, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Tinetti Balance Assessment, Berg Balance Scale, and results from a force plate that recorded sway in both static and dynamic conditions (open eyes and closed eyes). Correlations among predictor variables were assessed for multicollinearity and were less than 0.8. Using both a forward and backward stepwise approach, the best prediction model included Tinetti Balance Total score only. ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve of 74% with a cutoff of 13 which had a diagnostic accuracy of 68.8% with an 83% specificity and 56% sensitivity. Given that the cost of treatment for an injurious fall far exceeds preventative measures a clinician may opt to use a cut off of 14 when using the Tinetti Balance Assessment given an 70% specificity and 68% sensitivity.
ASSESSING PREFERENCES FOR COMMUNICATING WITH TECHNOLOGY: COMMUNITY-BASED PROVIDER PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Sillner Andrea Y , VanHaitsma Kimberly , Wion Rachel , Boltz Marie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Miscommunication during older adults’ care transitions from hospital to community-based settings (e.g. home health) can lead to adverse events. Effective use of technology assisted communication (TAC) may help to remedy miscommunication surrounding care transitions. Care providers in community-based settings are well-positioned to provide insight on the feasibility and current use of TAC. The purpose of this research was to determine contextual factors (i.e., intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental) that influence the use of TAC in the home health setting from the perspective of community-based direct care providers and administrators. Focus groups were conducted with direct care providers and c administrators from two different settings – rural and urban/suburban. Content analysis was used to determine themes. Participants indicated that there are many barriers for older adults’ use of TAC such as low interest, fear of technology, knowledge gaps, and lack of access to technology. However, others embraced the use of TAC and technology in the community-based care. Additionally, certain forms of TAC, such as text and email, may be better for communicating with informal caregivers. Some direct care providers indicated they were not allowed or encouraged to use certain TAC with patients due to potential security concerns. The community-based care administrators highlighted the importance of TAC but did indicate that use can be limited due to liability and HIPAA concerns. These findings provide important insight for both determining how to best implement TAC for older adults in community-based care settings and aiding in the development of a tool for measuring preferences.
SUPPRESSION OF GHRELIN SIGNALING EXACERBATES ULCERATIVE COLITIS IN OLDER MICE
Authors: Wu Chia-Shan , Noh Jiyeon , Tuchaai Ellie , DeLuca Jennifer A , Allred Kimberly F , Allred Clinton D , Sun Yuxiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The aging process is characterized by increased chronic low-grade inflammation, aka inflamm-aging, which offend is accompanied by ‘leaky gut’ syndrome. Inflamm-aging is a highly significant risk factor for both morbidity and mortality in the older adult population (&gt;65 years of age). In addition, there is a growing prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract in the older adult population. The pathogenesis of late-onset IBD is suggested to be more complex compared with younger IBD patients; the causes determining the age of IBD onset remain unexplained. Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide hormone mainly produced by X/A-like cells of the stomach, with well-characterized functions in growth hormone secretion, food intake, adiposity and insulin resistance. Ghrelin’s biological relevant receptor is Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics have been considered viable candidates for treating cachexia, sarcopenia, and gastrointestinal disorders. As expected, we observed that the expression of tight junction proteins in colon mucosal layer decreases with age. When challenged with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce experimental ulcerative colitis, 18-months old male C57BL/6 mice exhibited exacerbated disease activity scores compared to young male mice (5-months), showing worsened pathology such as rectal bleeding and difficulty in defecation. DSS-induced colitis was exacerbated in both ghrelin-deficient (Ghrl-/-) and ghrelin receptor-deficient (Ghsr-/-) mice. Together, these data suggest endogenous ghrelin signaling contributes to susceptibility to colitis, and ghrelin signaling pathway may present a novel target for prevention and treatment of leaky gut syndrome in aging.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CARE CHALLENGE TYPE AND PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES IN FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Shaw Clarissa , Williams Kristine N , Hein Maria , Coleman Carissa , Perkhounkova Yelena 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Enhancing dementia care is a public health priority and supporting family caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD) is a critical need. This poster reports the relationships between the types of care challenges reported by family caregivers and their scores on psychosocial measures. Family caregivers (N=83) participating in the FamTechCare clinical trial identified three top priority care challenges and completed a series of measures (i.e., burden, depression, sleep quality, and reaction to dementia behaviors) at baseline. Priority care challenges were classified using the 10-category Technology-supported Dementia Care Typology. Three of the categories (i.e., behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia [BPSD], activities of daily living [ADL], and disease expectations [DE]) were reported by an adequate number of caregivers in order to test relationships with psychosocial measures using the Kruskal-Wallis Test. Caregivers reporting 2 or 3 BPSD challenges had higher burden (p=.007), more depression (p=.022) and worse sleep quality (p=.020) compared to those reporting 0 or 1 care challenges related to BPSD. In comparison, caregivers with 2 or 3 challenges related to DE (e.g., PLWD memory loss) had less burden (p=.008), less depression (p=.030), and better sleep quality (p=.042), compared to those reporting 0 or 1 challenge related to DE. Caregivers identifying 2 or 3 care challenges related to ADLs also reported higher levels of depression (p=.036). Dementia caregivers face vast caregiving responsibilities. Caregivers facing BPSD challenges report greater burden and depression. These results reinforce the need for tailored interventions to assist family caregivers in the managing varied care challenges.
IDENTIFYING SOCIAL MEDIA RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO CAREGIVERS OF ALS PATIENTS
Authors: Sanchez-Reilly Sandra , Vutukuri Sireesha , Reilly Paula , Ross Isabela S , Mejia Andrea , Ross Jeanette 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes muscle weakness, disability, and death, with survival of 3-5 years and affecting all populations including Hispanics. ALS patients are mostly cared for by family caregivers (FCG) who experience burden, psychological distress and impaired quality-of-life. Thus, FCG may not leave their homes to access resources. Social media might be a way to accessing support, but little is known about quality/quantity of AL- FCG resources. Research Objectives: To identify and categorize types of bilingual resources available to ALS-FCG in Facebook. Methods: We used Facebook both groups (public and closed groups) and pages and collected numbers-of-likes, organization type and resource provided. Bilingual search terms (Spanish) included ALS/ALS-caregiver. Results: 24 pages/31 groups in English vs. 37 pages/29 groups in Spanish. English resources had more likes/members (3510/790 vs.410/95; p&lt;0.001) and were more active (60+ posts in recent month). Community resources and provision of social support were similarly shared through groups in both languages; advocacy was more prominent among Spanish groups (69%vs.39%, p&lt;0.001). English pages significantly provided more social support (96% vs.65%, p&lt;0.001), more caregiver skills (67%vs.49%, p&lt;0.001), inspirational roles (88% vs.59%, p&lt;0.001). Spanish pages and groups were better in providing news/research to FCG (59%vs.16%, p&lt;0.001). Implications for research, policy or practice: Facebook provides numerous useful bilingual resources to ALS-FCG. FCG may receive social support, inspiration, training, news/research and advocacy. Further interventions need to actively improve the role of social-media in supporting bilingual ALS FCG and use it as a platform of dissemination.
LOSS NEGATIVELY IMPACTS A HEALTHY LIFE IN US ADULTS: FINDINGS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Ingels Justin B , Miles Toni 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Previous research reports that the loss of a loved one increases the risk of mortality and physical and mental health problems. Using data from the 2004 to 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, we estimate the years of healthy life (YHL) from 2004 to death for each respondent. YHL is based on the combination of years lived between 2004 and 2014, a projection of years beyond 2014, and self-rated health. Regression models stratified by age and gender were developed with the loss of a parent or spouse as the primary exposure and YHL as the dependent variable. Annual estimates of the total YHL lost associated with bereavement were based on these regression analyses and US Census data. Models reveal a strong dose-relationship between YHL lost and the number of losses. In total, the annual YHL lost associated with loss in US adults between 50 and 84 years of age is estimated at 2.0 and 1.6 million for men and women, respectively. Nearly three-fourths of the annual YHL lost are associated with adults younger than 65. Interaction analyses suggest that increasing physical activity has the greatest impact on reducing YHL lost in those with the greatest number of losses, one to two YHL per person. Understanding the full impact of loss on the lives of adults is an important step toward framing loss as a public health issue, especially for middle-aged adults. Results suggest that physical activity should be an important aspect of bereavement interventions.