bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Place of Residence on Hospitalized Outcomes for Severely Injured Trauma Patients: A Trauma Registry Analysis
Authors: Heathcote Katharine , Wullschleger Martin , Gardiner Ben , Morgan Geoffrey , Barbagello Holly , Sun Jing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeSocioecological factors are understudied in relation to trauma patients’ outcomes. This study investigated the association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) and remoteness of residence on acute length of hospital stay days (ALSD) and inpatient mortality.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on adults hospitalized for major trauma in a Level 1 trauma center in southeast Queensland from 2014 to 2017. Neighborhood SED and remoteness indices were linked to individual patient variables. Step‐wise multivariable negative binomial regression and proportional hazards regression analyses were undertaken, adjusting for injury and patient factors. Outcomes were ALSD and inpatient mortality.FindingsWe analyzed 1,025 patients. Statistically significant increased hazard of inpatient mortality was found for older age (HR 3.53, 95% CI: 1.77‐7.11), injury severity (HR 5.27, 95% CI: 2.78‐10.02), remoteness of injury location (HR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.09), and mechanisms related to intentional self‐harm or assault (HR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.48‐5.03,). Excess mortality risk was apparent for rural patients sustaining less severe injuries (HR 4.20, 95% CI: 1.35‐13.10). Increased risk for longer ALSD was evident for older age (RR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.71), head injury (RR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19‐1.62), extremity injuries (RR 1.82, 95% CI: 1.55‐2.14), and higher injury severity scores (ISS) (RR 1.51, 95%: CI: 1.29‐1.76).ConclusionsSeverely injured rural trauma patients are more likely to be socioeconomically disadvantaged and sustain injuries predisposing them to worse hospital outcomes. Further research is needed to understand more about care pathways and factors influencing the severity, mechanism and clinical consequences of rural‐based traumatic injuries.
Self‐facilitation and negative species interactions could drive microscale vegetation mosaic in a floating fen
Authors: van Bergen Tamara J. H. M. , Temmink Ralph J. M. , van Tweel‐Groot Loekie , Bakker Wiene J. , Rehlmeyer Katrin , Koks Adam H. W. , Waajen Annemiek C. , Roelofs Jan G. M. , Grootjans Albert P. , van der Heide Tjisse , Lamers Leon P. M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimThe formation of a local vegetation mosaic may be attributed to local variation in abiotic environmental conditions. Recent research, however, indicates that self‐facilitating organisms and negative species interactions may be a driving factor. In this study, we explore whether heterogeneous geohydrological conditions or vegetation feedbacks and interactions could be responsible for a vegetation mosaic of rich and poor fen species.LocationLake Aturtaun, Roundstone Bog, Ireland.MethodsIn a floating fen, transects were set out to analyze the relation between vegetation type and rock–peat distance and porewater electrical conductivity. Furthermore, three distinct vegetation types were studied: rich fen, poor fen and patches of poor fen within rich fen vegetation. Biogeochemical measurements were conducted in a vertical profile to distinguish abiotic conditions of distinct vegetation types.ResultsGeohydrological conditions may drive the distribution of poor and rich fen species at a larger scale in the floating fen, due to the supply of minerotrophic groundwater. Interestingly, both rich and poor fen vegetation occurred in a mosaic, when electrical conductivity values at 50 cm depth were between 300 µS/cm and 450 µS/cm. Although environmental conditions were homogeneous at 50 cm, they differed markedly between rich and poor fen vegetation at 10 cm depth. Specifically, our measurements indicate that poor fen vegetation lowered porewater alkalinity, bicarbonate concentrations and pH. No effects of rich fen vegetation at 10 cm depth on biogeochemistry was measured. However, rich fen litter had a higher mineralization rate than poor fen litter, which increases the influence of minerotrophic water in rich fen habitat.ConclusionsThese results strengthen our hypothesis that species can drive formation of vegetation mosaics under environmentally homogeneous conditions in a floating fen. Positive intraspecific self‐facilitating mechanisms and negative species interactions could be responsible for a stable coexistence of species, even leading to local ecosystem engineering by the species, explaining the local vegetation mosaic at the microscale level in a floating fen.
Validation of Edwardsiella ictaluri oral vaccination platform in experimental pond trials
Authors: Wise David J. , Greenway Terrence E. , Byars Todd S. , Kumar Ganesh , Griffin Matt J. , Khoo Lester H. , Chesser Gary , Lowe John 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSince its recognition in the early 1980s, enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), caused by the gram‐negative enteric Edwardsiella ictaluri, is one of the most significant pathogens affecting catfish aquaculture. In efforts to improve disease management in U.S. catfish aquaculture, a live‐attenuated ESC vaccine and method of in‐pond oral vaccine delivery was developed. This work evaluated the efficacy of the oral delivery platform using a live‐attenuated E. ictaluri vaccine under simulated commercial conditions. Channel catfish fingerlings were orally vaccinated approximately 40–50 days poststocking by mixing the attenuated vaccine with feed using a patent‐pending mechanized delivery system. Across three discrete years under varying evaluation methods, vaccination resulted in significant improvements in survival, feed conversion ratio, feed fed, and total yield. An economic analysis of experimental data suggests a significant positive net economic benefit from vaccination. After accounting for a projected cost of vaccination, the realized improvements in survival and yield resulted in an estimated benefit exceeding $3,500/ha ($1,400/acre) on fingerling operations. These results suggest vaccinating channel catfish fingerlings against ESC is an effective strategy to mitigate ESC‐related losses and can significantly improve production efficiency and profitability on catfish operations.
Could land cover influence Aedes aegypti mosquito populations?
Authors: Benitez E. M. , Ludueña‐Almeida F. , Frías‐Céspedes M. , Almirón W. R. , Estallo E. L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAedes aegypti is mainly found in urban environments, where human activity guarantees the permanent availability of potential larval habitats. The present study aimed to test for a possible association between Ae. aegypti infestation and land cover classes. From 23 February to 22 May 2015, immature mosquitoes (except eggs) were sampled in artificial containers identified in dwellings in Córdoba city, Argentina. The proportion of each land cover class was determined by SPOT‐5 (Satellites Pour 1'Observation de la Terre or Earth‐observing Satellites) image classification. Generalized linear models were developed to assess a suite of predetermined hypotheses and identified cover class variables associated with Ae. aegypti infestation. Arboreal vegetation was identified as the land cover with the greatest relative importance, negatively associated with Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. More infestation was find in areas with less arboreal vegetation, which corresponds to more urbanized areas.
Stress management interventions for intensive and critical care nurses: A systematic review
Authors: Alkhawaldeh Ja'far Mohammad Aqeel , Soh Kim Lam , Mukhtar Firdaus Binti Mamat , Peng Ooi Cheow , Anshasi Huda A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe level of occupational stress of nurses working in intensive and critical care units is high. Although many studies have assessed the effectiveness of stress management interventions among intensive and critical care nurses, the methodological quality of these studies remains unclear.PurposeThe purpose of this review was to summarize and appraise the methodological quality of primary studies on interventions for management of occupational stress among intensive and critical care nurses.MethodsThis review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify primary studies that assessed the effectiveness of interventions in managing occupational stress among intensive and critical care nurses using multiple databases from January 2009 to June 2019.ResultsTwelve studies published between 2011 and 2019 were eligible for inclusion. These included studies were classified as being of good or fair quality. The consensus across the included studies was that, compared with control condition, cognitive‐behavioural skills training and mindfulness‐based intervention were more effective in reducing occupational stress among intensive and critical care unit nurses.ConclusionFurther research should focus on methodologically strong studies by blinding the outcome assessors, using Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design with an active control group, using standardized assessment tools, and reporting enough details about the stress management intervention‐related adverse events.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review demonstrates the need for high methodological quality studies to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of stress management interventions before it can be recommended for use in clinical practice to reduce stress in intensive and critical care unit nurses. In addition, attention should be given to developing research protocols that place more emphasis on interventions aimed at the organization level to address the growing problem of occupational stress among intensive and critical care nurses.
How social capital shapes citizen willingness to co‐invest in public service: The case of flood control
Authors: Zhang Youlang , Liu Xinsheng , Vedlitz Arnold 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhy are citizens in some communities more willing to co‐invest in public services than citizens in other communities? Citizen co‐investment has become an important policy tool for governments to finance public services, yet little research has theorized and empirically examined the impacts of community contexts on citizens' willingness to invest their personal resources in public services. As social capital is often viewed as an important determinant of citizen behaviours, we propose two competing hypotheses explaining the relationship between social capital and citizen co‐investment: the facilitation effect hypothesis and the inhibition effect hypothesis. Based on three data sources, our statistical analyses consistently show that citizens living in counties with more social capital are less willing to co‐invest in local flood control. This finding provides empirical evidence to support the inhibition effect hypothesis. Key implications of our research and suggestions for future research are discussed in the conclusion.
Anesthetic management of pediatric patients diagnosed with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy: A single‐center experience
Authors: Kloesel Benjamin , Dua Nupur , Eskuri Ryan , Hall Jason , Cohen Melissa , Richtsfeld Martina , Belani Kumar 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a progressive demyelinating disease that primarily affects males with an incidence of 1:20 000‐30 000. The disease has a wide spectrum of phenotypic expression and may include adrenal insufficiency, cerebral X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenomyeloneuropathy. The condition has implications for the administration of anesthesia and reports of anesthetic management in those patients are limited at this point.AimTo review the perioperative care, complications and outcomes of patients diagnosed with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy at the University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital.MethodAfter obtaining IRB approval, we performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients diagnosed with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy who underwent either surgery or diagnostic/therapeutic procedures that included anesthesia services between January 2014 and December 2016. Data included demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, preoperative diagnosis, history of hematopoietic stem cell transplant, anesthetic approaches, airway management, medications used, intra‐ and postoperative complications, and patient disposition.ResultsWe identified 38 patients who had a total of 166 anesthetic encounters. The majority of patients underwent procedures in the sedation unit (75.9%) and received a total intravenous anesthetic with spontaneous ventilation via a natural airway (86.1%). Preoperative adrenal insufficiency was documented in 87.3% of the encounters. Stress‐dose steroids were administered in 70.5% of the performed anesthetics. A variety of anesthetic agents were successfully used including sevoflurane, isoflurane, propofol, midazolam, ketamine, and dexmedetomidine. There were few perioperative complications noted (6.6%) and the majority were of low severity. No anesthesia‐related mortality was observed.ConclusionsWith the availability of skilled pediatric anesthesia care, children with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy can undergo procedures under anesthesia in sedation units and regular operating rooms with low overall anesthesia risk.
Preoperative identification of children at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Ohn Mon , Eastwood Peter , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea is a common childhood disorder which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. Enlarged adenoid and tonsils are the commonest causes, and adenotonsillectomy is the recommended first line of treatment. Obstructive sleep apnea poses as an anesthetic challenge, and it is a well‐known risk factor for perioperative adverse events. The presence and severity of an obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis will influence anesthesia, pain management, and level of monitoring in recovery period. Preoperative obstructive sleep apnea assessment is necessary, and anesthetists are ideally placed to do so. Currently, there is no standardized approach to the best method of preoperative screening for obstructive sleep apnea. Focused history, clinical assessments, and knowledge regarding the strengths and limitations of available obstructive sleep apnea assessment tools will help recognize a child with obstructive sleep apnea in the preoperative setting.
Emotions naturally and laboriously expressed: Antecedents, consequences, and the role of valence
Authors: Scott Brent A. , Lennard Anna C. , Mitchell Rebecca L. , Johnson Russell E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe emotion regulation literature has focused primarily on comparing the methods of surface acting and deep acting, yet scholars have also noted the importance of naturally felt emotions as a means for achieving a desired emotional display. The literature has also mainly examined positive displays, yet there are many situations that call for the display of negative emotions. To advance theory and research, we draw from theory on central principles of approach/avoidance motivation to understand why an individual would choose a given emotional display method, as well as the extent to which a given method is beneficial versus harmful to individuals. In doing so, we identify the valence of the emotion being displayed as a critical factor influencing the benefits and detriments of emotional display methods. Results of a 3‐week experience‐sampling study of 218 employees revealed that mood was associated with the natural display of positive emotion, promotion focus was associated with deep acting, and prevention focus was associated with surface acting. In positive display contexts, displaying emotion naturally was most beneficial (in terms of effects on emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work withdrawal), whereas surface acting was most detrimental. In negative contexts, this relationship pattern was reversed.
Global EEG coherence as a marker for cognition in older adults at risk for dementia
Authors: Laptinskaya Daria , Fissler Patrick , Küster Olivia Caroline , Wischniowski Jakob , Thurm Franka , Elbert Thomas , von Arnim Christine A. F. , Kolassa Iris‐Tatjana 
Published: December 2019

AbstractQuantitative electroencephalography (EEG) provides useful information about neurophysiological health of the aging brain. Current studies investigating EEG coherence and power for specific brain areas and frequency bands have yielded inconsistent results. This study assessed EEG coherence and power indices at rest measured over the whole skull and for a wide frequency range as global EEG markers for cognition in a sample at risk for dementia. Since global markers are more reliable and less error‐prone than region‐ and frequency‐specific indices they might help to overcome previous inconsistencies. Global EEG coherence (1–30 Hz) and an EEG slowing score were assessed. The EEG slowing score was calculated by low‐frequency power (1–8 Hz) divided by high‐frequency power (9–30 Hz). In addition, the prognostic value of the two EEG indices for cognition and cognitive decline was assessed in a 5‐year follow‐up pilot study. Baseline global coherence correlated positively with cognition at baseline, but not with cognitive decline or with cognition at the 5‐year follow‐up. The EEG slowing ratio showed no significant association, neither with cognition at baseline or follow‐up, nor with cognitive decline over a period of 5 years. The results indicate that the resting state global EEG coherence might be a useful and easy to assess electrophysiological correlate for neurocognitive health in older adults at risk for dementia. Because of the small statistical power for the follow‐up analyses, the prognostic value of global coherence could not be determined in the present study. Future studies should assess its prognostic value with larger sample sizes.
The predictive distributions of thinning‐based count processes
Authors: Lu Yang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper shows that the term structure of conditional (i.e. predictive) distributions allows for closed form expression in a large family of (possibly higher order or infinite order) thinning‐based count processes such as INAR(p), INARCH(p), NBAR(p), and INGARCH(1,1). Such predictive distributions are currently often deemed intractable by the literature and existing approximation methods are usually time consuming and induce approximation errors. In this paper, we propose a Taylor's expansion algorithm for these predictive distributions, which is both exact and fast. Through extensive simulation exercises, we demonstrate its advantages with respect to existing methods in terms of the computational gain and/or precision.
Evaluation of a change in cytomegalovirus prevention strategy following pediatric solid organ transplantation
Authors: Pangonis Scott , Paulsen Grant , Andersen Heidi , Flores Francisco , Miethke Alexander , Peters Anna , Kocoshis Samuel , Lazear Danielle , Garr BreAnn , Schecter Marc , Chin Clifford , Hemmelgarn Trina , Danziger‐Isakov Lara 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAn optimal cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention strategy following solid organ transplantation (SOT) remains uncertain. This study reports on the rates of CMV events following a change in a local prevention guideline involving increased surveillance, earlier transition to oral valganciclovir, and decreased CMV‐immunoglobulin use.MethodsA retrospective cohort study utilizing historical controls evaluated the rates of CMV invasive disease pre‐ and post‐intervention among pediatric heart, liver, and kidney recipients. Outcomes were recorded for the 4 years pre‐ and post‐intervention, 9/2009‐10/2017. Logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of a CMV event.ResultsThere was no difference in the rates of CMV invasive disease between the two study groups (P = 1). An increase in the detection of CMV events occurred (P = .04), predominantly asymptomatic CMV infection. This increase was independently associated with increased surveillance testing among high‐risk heart and liver recipients, aOR 1.08 (1.06‐1.12). Surprisingly, 28.9% of CMV events occurred during antiviral prophylaxis.ConclusionsModification of the local CMV prevention guideline did not result in an increase in CMV invasive disease. CMV events occurred while on prophylaxis, highlighting a potential difference from adult solid organ transplant (SOT) and emphasizing the potential need for monitoring on prophylaxis in the pediatric population.
Prediction‐Based Learning and Processing of Event Knowledge
Authors: McRae Ken , Brown Kevin S. , Elman Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractKnowledge of common events is central to many aspects of cognition. Intuitively, it seems as though events are linear chains of the activities of which they are comprised. In line with this intuition, a number of theories of the temporal structure of event knowledge have posited mental representations (data structures) consisting of linear chains of activities. Competing theories focus on the hierarchical nature of event knowledge, with representations comprising ordered scenes, and chains of activities within those scenes. We present evidence that the temporal structure of events typically is not well‐defined, but it is much richer and more variable both within and across events than has usually been assumed. We also present evidence that prediction‐based neural network models can learn these rich and variable event structures and produce behaviors that reflect human performance. We conclude that knowledge of the temporal structure of events in the human mind emerges as a consequence of prediction‐based learning.