bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does early tracking affect learning inequalities? Revisiting difference-in-differences modeling strategies with international assessments
Authors: Contini Dalit , Cugnata Federica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of international surveys on children’s learning like PISA, PIRLS and TIMSS—delivering comparable achievement measures across educational systems—has revealed large cross-country variability in average performance and in the degree of inequality across social groups. A key question is whether and how institutional differences affect the level and distribution of educational outcomes. In this contribution, we discuss the difference-in-differences strategies employed in the existing literature to evaluate the effect of early tracking on learning inequalities exploiting international assessments administered at different age/grades. In their seminal paper, Hanushek and Woessmann (Econ J 116:C63–C76, 2006) analyze with two-step estimation the effect of early tracking onoverallinequalities, measured by test scores’ variability indexes. Later work of other scholars in the economics and sociology of education focuses instead on inequalities among children of differentfamily background, using individual-level models on pooled data from different countries and assessments. In this contribution, we show that individual pooled difference-in-differences models are quite restrictive and that in essence they estimate the effect of tracking by double differentiating the estimated cross-sectional family background regression coefficients between tracking regimes and learning assessments. Starting from a simple learning growth model, we show that if test scores at different surveys are not measured on the same scale, as occurs for international learning assessments, pooled individual models may deliver severely biased results. Instead, the scaling problem does not affect the two-step approach. For this reason, we suggest using two-step estimation also to analyzefamily-backgroundachievement inequalities. Against this background, using PIRLS-2006 and PISA-2012 we conduct two-step analyses, finding new evidence that early tracking fosters both overall inequalities and family background differentials in reading literacy.
Establishment of a Novel Human Fetal Adrenal Culture Model that Supports de Novo and Manipulated Steroidogenesis
Authors: Melau Cecilie , Nielsen John E , Perlman Signe , Lundvall Lene , Langhoff Thuesen Lea , Juul Hare Kristine , Schou Hammerum Mette , Frederiksen Hanne , Mitchell Rod T , Juul Anders , Jørgensen Anne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
Disorders affecting adrenal steroidogenesis promote an imbalance in the normally tightly controlled secretion of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. This may lead to differences/disorders of sex development in the fetus, as seen in virilized girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Despite the important endocrine function of human fetal adrenals, neither normal nor dysregulated adrenal steroidogenesis is understood in detail.

Objective
Due to significant differences in adrenal steroidogenesis between human and model species (except higher primates), we aimed to establish a human fetal adrenal model that enables examination of both de novo and manipulated adrenal steroidogenesis.

Design and Setting
Human adrenal tissue from 54 1st trimester fetuses were cultured ex vivo as intact tissue fragments for 7 or 14 days.

Main Outcome Measures
Model validation included examination of postculture tissue morphology, viability, apoptosis, and quantification of steroid hormones secreted to the culture media measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
The culture approach maintained cell viability, preserved cell populations of all fetal adrenal zones, and recapitulated de novo adrenal steroidogenesis based on continued secretion of steroidogenic intermediates, glucocorticoids, and androgens. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and ketoconazole treatment of ex vivo cultured human fetal adrenal tissue resulted in the stimulation of steroidogenesis and inhibition of androgen secretion, respectively, demonstrating a treatment-specific response.

Conclusions
Together, these data indicate that ex vivo culture of human fetal adrenal tissue constitutes a novel approach to investigate local effects of pharmaceutical exposures or emerging therapeutic options targeting imbalanced steroidogenesis in adrenal disorders, including CAH.
Clinical Outcomes of Pregnant and Postpartum Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
Authors: Lankford Allison S. , Chow Jonathan H. , Jackson Amanda M. , Wallis Marianne , Galvagno Samuel M. , Malinow Andrew M. , Turan Ozhan M. , Menaker Jay A. , Crimmins Sarah D. , Rector Raymond , Kaczorowski David , Griffith Bartley , Kon Zachary , Herr Daniel , Mazzeffi Michael A. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a rescue therapy for cardiopulmonary failure is expanding in critical care medicine. In this case series, we describe the clinical outcomes of 21 consecutive pregnant or postpartum patients that required venovenous (VV) or venoarterial (VA) ECMO. Our objective was to characterize maternal and fetal survival in peripartum ECMO and better understand ECMO-related complications that occur in this unique patient population.

METHODS:
Between January 2009 and June 2019, all pregnant and postpartum patients treated with ECMO for respiratory or circulatory failure at a single quaternary referral center were identified. For all patients, indications for ECMO, maternal and neonatal outcomes, details of ECMO support, and anticoagulation and bleeding complications were collected.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one obstetric patients were treated with ECMO over 10 years. Thirteen patients were treated with VV ECMO and 8 patients were treated with VA ECMO. Six patients were pregnant at the time of cannulation and 3 patients delivered while on ECMO; all 6 maternal and infant dyads survived to hospital discharge. The median gestational age at cannulation was 28 weeks (interquartile range [IQR], 24–31). In the postpartum cohort, ECMO initiation ranged from immediately after delivery up to 46 days postpartum. Fifteen women survived (72%). Major bleeding complications requiring surgical intervention were observed in 7 patients (33.3%). Two patients on VV ECMO required bilateral orthotopic lung transplantation and 1 patient on VA ECMO required orthotopic heart transplantation to wean from ECMO.

CONCLUSIONS:
Survival for mother and neonate are excellent with peripartum ECMO in a high-volume ECMO center. Neonatal and maternal survival was 100% when ECMO was used in the late second or early third trimester. Based on these results, ECMO remains an important treatment option for peripartum patients with cardiopulmonary failure.
Efficiency Metrics at an Academic Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center: Analysis of the Impact on Scheduled End-Times
Authors: Reeves J. Jeffery , Waterman Ruth S. , Spurr Kristin R. , Gabriel Rodney A. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:
Understanding the impact of key metrics on operating room (OR) efficiency is important to optimize utilization and reduce costs, particularly in freestanding ambulatory surgery centers. The aim of this study was to assess the association between commonly used efficiency metrics and scheduled end-time accuracy.

METHODS:
Data from patients who underwent surgery from May 2018 to June 2019 at an academic freestanding ambulatory surgery center was extracted from the medical record. Unique operating room days (ORDs) were analyzed to determine (1) duration of first case delays, (2) turnover times (TOT), and (3) scheduled case duration accuracies. Spearman’s correlation coefficients and mixed-effects multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association of each metric with scheduled end-time accuracy.

RESULTS:
There were 1378 cases performed over 300 unique ORDs. There were 86 (28.7%) ORDs with a first case delay, mean (standard deviation [SD]) 11.2 minutes (15.1 minutes), range of 2–101 minutes; the overall mean (SD) TOT was 28.1 minutes (19.9 minutes), range of 6–83 minutes; there were 640 (46.4%) TOT >20 minutes; the overall mean (SD) case duration accuracy was −6.6 minutes (30.3 minutes), range of −114 to 176; and there were 389 (28.2%) case duration accuracies ≥30 minutes. The mean (SD) scheduled end-time accuracy was 6.9 minutes (68.3 minutes), range of −173 to 229 minutes; 48 (15.9%) ORDs ended ≥1 hour before scheduled end-time and 56 (18.6%) ORDs ended ≥1 hour after scheduled end-time. The total case duration accuracy was strongly correlated with the scheduled end-time accuracy (r = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.89, P < .0001), while the total first case delay minutes (r = 0.12, 95% CI, 0.01-0.21, P = .04) and total turnover time (r = −0.16, 95% CI, 0.21-0.05, P = .005) were less relevant. Case duration accuracy had the highest association with the dependent variable (0.95 minutes changed in the difference between actual and schedule end time per minute increase in case duration accuracy, 95% CI, 0.90-0.99, P < .0001), compared to turnover time (estimate = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.75-0.99, P < .0001) and first case delay time (estimate = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.56-1.11, P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Standard efficiency metrics are similarly associated with scheduled end-time accuracy, and addressing problems in each is requisite to having an efficient ambulatory surgery center. Pursuing methods to narrow the gap between scheduled and actual case duration may result in a more productive enterprise.
A Phase 2 Randomized Trial of DCL-101, a Novel Pill-Based Colonoscopy Prep, vs 4L Polyethylene Glycol-Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Bachwich Dale R. , Lewis James D. , Kowal Vera O. , Jacobson Brian C. , Calderwood Audrey H. , Kochman Michael L. 
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:
DCL-101, a novel Pill Prep, is compositionally identical to standard 4L polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (PEG-ELS) and delivers the salt encapsulated, with PEG 3350 coadministered as a taste-free oral solution. The aim of this study was to compare the safety, taste, and tolerability of DCL-101 with 4L PEG-ELS in outpatients preparing for colonoscopy, with a secondary objective to assess efficacy.

METHODS:
This was a multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded, phase 2 clinical trial of 45 adult patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy. Patients were randomized 2:1 to either DCL-101 (3L in cohort 1; 4L in cohort 2) or 4L PEG-ELS, each administered with split dosing. Safety was assessed over 3 post-treatment clinic visits. Tolerability was measured using the Lawrance Bowel-Preparation Tolerability Questionnaire and the Mayo Clinic Bowel Prep Tolerability Questionnaire. Efficacy was determined by expert central readers, blinded to treatment, using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Quality Scale, Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, and Aronchick scale.

RESULTS:
Both DCL-101 doses had superior taste and tolerability relative to 4L PEG-ELS. All adverse events were grade 1 with no significant differences in adverse events among the 3 regimens. There were no significant differences in efficacy among the 3 treatments as defined by the centrally read Ottawa Bowel Preparation Quality Scale, Boston Bowel Preparation Scale, or Aronchick scores. There were no inadequate preps as judged by the site endoscopist.

DISCUSSION:
DCL-101 Pill Prep is a novel strategy that vastly improves the taste and tolerability of PEG-ELS solutions with safety and efficacy comparable with split-dose 4L PEG-ELS solutions.
Developing Athletic Motor Skill Competencies in Youth
Authors: Radnor John M. , Moeskops Sylvia , Morris Stephanie J. , Mathews Thomas A. , Kumar Nakul T. A. , Pullen Ben J. , Meyers Robert W. , Pedley Jason S. , Gould Zach I. , Oliver Jon L. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Synergistic development of muscular strength and motor skill competency is central to long-term athletic development. However, these qualities need to be developed in a logical and progressive manner, and training methods need to be developmentally appropriate, engaging, and enjoyable for young athletes to help them build a positive association with strength and conditioning-based activities. This article aims to provide a resource for coaches to use when developing the athletic motor skill competencies in youth, including game-based activities, and a more structured resistance training curriculum.
A pilot study of mindfulness-based relapse prevention for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Authors: Holas Paweł , Draps Małgorzata , Kowalewska Ewelina , Lewczuk Karol , Gola Mateusz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsCompulsive sexual behaviour disorder (CSBD) is a medical condition that can impair social and occupational functioning and lead to severe distress. To date, treatment effectiveness studies of CSBD are under-developed; typically, treatment for CSBD is based on guidelines for substance or other behavioural addictions. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is an evidence-based treatment for substance addiction aimed at, among other things, reducing craving and negative affect—i.e. processes that are implicated in the maintenance of problematic sexual behaviours. However, to our knowledge no prior research has been published evaluating mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) in the treatment of CSBD, except two clinical case reports. Therefore, the aim of the current pilot study was to examine whether MBRP can lead to clinical improvement in CSBD. Methods: Participants were 13 adult males with a diagnosis of CSBD. Before and after the eight-week MBRP intervention, participants completed a booklet of questionnaires including measurements of porn viewing, masturbation and emotional distress. Results: As expected, we found that after MBRP participants spent significantly less time engaging in problematic pornography use and exhibited a decrease in anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. Discussion and Conclusions: The findings indicate that MBRP could be beneficial for CSBD individuals. Further clinical effectiveness studies with bigger sample sizes, delayed post-training measurements and randomised control trial design are warranted. In conclusion, MBRP leads to a decrease in time spent watching porn and a decrease in emotional distress in CSBD patients.
Contrasting the Spread of Misinformation in Online Social Networks
Authors: Amoruso Marco , Anello Daniele , Auletta Vincenzo , Cerulli Raffaele , Ferraioli Diodato , Raiconi Andrea 
Published: November 2020

Online social networks are nowadays one of the most effective and widespread tools used to share information. In addition to being employed by individuals for communicating with friends and acquaintances, and by brands for marketing and customer service purposes, they constitute a primary source of daily news for a significant number of users. Unfortunately, besides legit news, social networks also allow to effectively spread inaccurate or even entirely fabricated ones. Also due to sensationalist claims, misinformation can spread from the original sources to a large number of users in a very short time, with negative consequences that, in extreme cases, can even put at risk public safety or health.
In this work we discuss and propose methods to limit the spread of misinformation over online social networks. The issue is split in two separate sub-problems. We first aim to identify the most probable sources of the misinformation among the subset of users that have been reached by it. In the second step, assuming to know the misinformation sources, we want to locate a minimum number of monitors (that is, entities able to identify and block false information) in the network in order to prevent that the misinformation campaign reaches some “critical” nodes while maintaining low the number of nodes exposed to the infection.
For each of the two issues, we provide both heuristics and mixed integer programming formulations. To verify the quality and efficiency of our suggested solutions, we conduct experiments on several real-world networks. The results of this extensive experimental phase validate our heuristics as effective tools to contrast the spread of misinformation in online social networks.
Regarding the source identification step, our approach showed success rates above 80% in most of the considered settings, and above 60% in almost all of them.
With respect to the second issue, our heuristic proved to be able to obtain solutions that exceeded (in terms of number of required monitors) the ones obtained through our MILP-based approach of more than 20% in only few test scenarios. Our heuristics for both problems also proved to outperform significantly some previously proposed algorithms.
La hija agustina de Santa Teresa: Mariana de San José (1568-1638) y el misticismo cotidiano del Barroco
Authors: Hancock-Parmer Teresa 
Published: November 2020

Mariana de San José, fundadora de las Agustinas Recoletas, fue mística y escritora que se inspiró en Teresa de Jesús. Mariana se construyó como sucesora espiritual de la famosa santa carmelita, con quien sentía una conexión personal. Consideró su reforma una continuación de la obra teresiana, y sus propios escritos rebosan de imágenes que Teresa usó, como saetas, dardos, moradas interiores y el fuego abrasador. Más que imitar, Mariana adaptó el misticismo característico de Teresa al comunicar un conocimiento espiritual basado en la rutina diaria del convento. Asimismo, sus textos demuestran una implementación concreta del misticismo teresiano en el monacato barroco.

Mariana de San José, escritura del convento, misticismo, monjas, espiritualidad barroca
KAROLINA ENQUIST KÄLLGREN. María Zambrano’s Ontology of Exile: Expressive Subjectivity. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan, 2019. 177 pp.
Authors: Rodríguez Beatriz Caballero 
Published: November 2020

Review of María Zambrano’s Ontology of Exile: Expressive Subjectivity by KAROLINA ENQUIST KÄLLGREN.
FELIPE MARTÍNEZ-PINZÓN AND JAVIER URIARTE, EDS. Intimate Frontiers: A Literary Geography of the Amazon. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019. 276 pp.
Authors: Diniz Axel Pérez Trujillo 
Published: November 2020

Reseña de Intimate Frontiers: A Literary Geography of the Amazon de FELIPE MARTÍNEZ-PINZÓN AND JAVIER URIARTE, EDS.
Detection of total hip arthroplasty at airport securities
Authors: Gottemukkala Ashok Raju , Kilaru Praful , Chada Pushpak Reddy , Suna Rahul , Reddy Maryada Venkatwar , Gurava Reddy Annapareddy Venkata 
Published: November 2020

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> In era of increased air travel, airport security screening measures has been increased. A lot of anxiety to the patient, that may trigger an alarm at airport securities post-surgery. The purpose of this study is to find out experiences of patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) passing through airport security. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective case series of 269 THA patients in a single high-volume center from January 2016 to June 2018, who had passed through airport security and met inclusion criteria. Patient were contacted during their regular follow ups or via phone. The patients were asked for alarm trigger, perceived inconvenience, whether security officials asked to show documentation regarding prosthesis, and any extra screening procedures check measures.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 269 patients, 52 patients met inclusion criteria travelling by airplane. 27 patients reported alarm trigger. 7 patients had to undergo additional security check measures. 43% of the patients believed that having their THA increased the inconvenience while traveling. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study provides information to surgeons regarding airport travel post THA. Patients can be counselled regarding the inconvenience and to be prepared for delays in airport and to be prepared to present documentation of their prosthesis.</p>
Effectiveness of “Be SAFE Drowning Prevention and Water Safe-ty Booklet” Intervention for Parents and Guardians
Authors: FARIZAN Noor Hamzani , SUTAN Rosnah , KC MANI Kulanthayan 
Published: November 2020

Background: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the health educational booklet intervention in improving parents/guardian’s knowledge on prevention of child drowning and, the perception of drowning risk and water safety practice.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in year 2017 in Selangor, Malaysia among 719 parents/ guardians of primary school children. The parent/guardians were randomly assigned as the intervention groups and were given a health educational Be-SAFE booklet on drowning prevention and water safety. The pretest was conducted before the intervention and posttest was done one month of intervention. The data collection tool was using a validated questionnaire on knowledge, attitude and practice for drowning prevention and water safety.
Results: There were 719 respondents (response rate of 89.9%) participated at baseline and 53.7% at end line (after the intervention). Significant differences found in knowledge, attitudes and practice on drowning prevention and water safety for the intervention and control groups after the intervention (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in mean scores for knowledge and attitude before and after the intervention, whereas no significant findings noted for practices (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Be SAFE booklet contributed to the increase in parents/guardian’s knowledge and attitudes towards drowning prevention and water safety to prevent the risk of child drowning.