bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community-based access and benefit-sharing platform and its role in biodiversity, culture and intellectual property rights
Authors: Atsali S S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The world is experiencing a paradigm shift towards new technical uses of genetic resources (GR), which is likely to have a significant impact on communities across the world. These new technologies comprise genome sequencing, gene editing, computational biology, nanotechnology among others, yet the technological innovation driving this shift is occurring only among a few elite, high-tech innovation actors, high-end universities, companies and research institutions. Kenya is a member of the World Trade Organizations (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights–TRIPS and party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and its Cartagena and Nagoya Protocols. This survey interrogated constitutional provisions concerning Biodiversity, Culture and Intellectual (BCI) property rights, with a view of promoting community-based Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) platform. It highlights provisions of Articles 11, 40.5 and 69 of the constitution and interrogates the Protection of Traditional Knowledge and Cultural Expressions Act of 2016 that aims at ensuring compliance with these constitutional provision and aims at building trust between users and providers of traditional knowledge, associated GR and traditional cultural expressions and creating a sui generis mechanism for the protection of traditional knowledge and cultural expressions. In this survey, GR are defined as microorganisms, plants and animal materials, including indigenous seeds, genetic plant varieties and traditional animal breeds.
Agronomic performance of soybean mutant lines based on preliminary and advance yield at dryland area
Authors: Asadi  , Dewi N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Since 2013, researchers at ICABIOGRAD have established a development program for soybean varieties with bigger seeds, medium maturity and high productivity through cross-pollination combined with mutation by γ irradiation. In 2016, about 36 homozygous M6 lines with high productivity and excellent agronomic characteristics were selected for subsequent preliminary and advanced yield test. The research aimed to study the agronomic performance of mutant lines (M6 and M7) and to select the best lines that will be used for adaptation testing at different locations and environments. The study was conducted at the Village of Gunung Menyan, Pamijahan Sub-district, Bogor during the first and second planting season of 2017. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. During the first planting season of 2017, a preliminary yield testing was conducted on 36 M6 lines along with 4 check varieties. For the second season, 20 lines were selected along with 4 check varieties to be tested for advanced yield testing at the same location and method. Advanced yield trial showed that nine mutant soybean lines produced higher yields with excellent agronomic performance, which were 15−26% higher than Panderman’s check varieties and 27−31% higher than the Anjasmoro check variety. The nine selected soybean line were SSD-C-M7-342-10, SSD-C-M7-350-18, SSD-D-M7-372-14, SSD-E-M7-387-1, Bulk-C-M7-458, Bulk-C-M7-493-1, Bulk-C-M7-493-20, Bulk-C-M7-499 and SSD-E-M7-404-18. These selected lines will be further assayed for adaptation at different locations and environments in the following year.
Point mutation of ITS-nrDNA sequences as specific markers of three durian species: Durio zibethinus, D. kutejensis and D. lowianus
Authors: Santoso P J , Pancoro A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Molecular markers are considered more efficient tools than morphological markers for species identification. This research aimed to get specific molecular markers among three durian species Durio zibhetinus, D. kutejensis and D. lowianus using ITS-nrDNA sequences. A number of 139, 7 and 1 ITS sequences of D. zibethinus, D. kutejensis and D. lowianus, respectively, were used in this experiment. Each group of sequences was then aligned to make one consensus sequence. In order to identify the point mutations, the aligned sequences were cut with restriction enzyme in silico using Genious ver. 7 software. The simulations found that each consensus sequences has different point mutation forming different restriction site. Consensus sequences of D. zibethinus has EcoR1 site on base number 280, D. kutejensis has Ama871 site on base number 394 and D. lowianus has Aco1 site on base number 135. These signals could be used as specific markers for the three durian species.
Functional analysis of an appressorium-spesific gene from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
Authors: Priyatno T P , Bakar F D A , Redzuan R A , Mahadi N M , Murad A M A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A novel gene (CAS2) specifically expressed during appressorium formation was isolated from Colletotrichum gleosporioides using Differential Display RT-PCR. CAS2 comprises 368 deduced amino acid residues and is 50% identical to a hypothetical protein from Chaetomium globosum. ProtFun 2.2 server analysis predicted that Cas2 functions as a transport and binding protein. Based on putative transmembrane domain prediction software (HMMTOP), Cas2 protein is composed of five alpha-helical transmembrane domains with a very short external N-terminus tail and long internal C-terminus. ExPASy ScanProsite analysis showed the presence of integrin beta chain cysteine-rich domain, N-myristoylation site, EGF-like domain, 2Fe-2S ferredoxins, iron-sulfur binding region, VWFC domain, fungal hydrophobins signature, membrane lipoprotein lipid attachment site and Janus-faced atracotoxin (J-ACTX) family signature in CAS2 protein. Mutants with deleted CAS2 were not significantly different in terms of vegetative growth, conidiation, and appressoria production compared to wild type. However, the cas2 mutant produced multipolar germination, a feature which distinguishes it from wild type strain. Interestingly, the mutant is non-virulent to mango fruits, indicating that CAS2 may encode proteins that function as novel virulence factors in fungal pathogens.
Genetic improvement of Aceh local rice variety Sikuneng to produce green super rice lines adaptive to abiotic stresses
Authors: Efendi  , Bakhtiar  , Muyassir  , Hakim L 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The high genetic diversity of rice landraces of Aceh has great potential to contribute to the world’s food security program in the future, especially in adapting to climate changes and environmental degradation. The objective of this research was to develop a new superior rice line adaptive to abiotic stress and maintains high productivity despite limited agricultural inputs. An Aceh’s local variety, Sikuneng, was artificially crossed with an isogenic line IRBB27 and the F1 plants were self-pollinated for two generations. The F3 lines were cultivated in drought stress and high salinity conditions with the application of aerobic rice system and flash irrigation. It was discovered that the F3 lines showed significantly improved plant height, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, grain weight per plant and grain yield potential per hectare. The plant height of the F3 lines varied from 98 to 192 cm, whereas the plant height of Sikuneng was 172 cm. The number of panicles of F3 lines ranged from 10.3 to 43.5, whereas Sikuneng had only 8.7 panicles. The panicle length of F3 lines ranged from 23.9 to 47.3 cm and Sikuneng had only 28.1 cm of panicle length. The grain weight per plant of F3 lines varied from 69.8 to 196.7 g, in contrast to the grain weight of Sikuneng which was 64.5 g. The weight of 1,000 grains of F3 lines ranged from 21.0 to 34.9 g, whereas that of Sikuneng was 26.9 g. While the yield potential of Sikuneng was 7.6 t/ha, the yield potential of the F3 lines varied from 7.2 to 13.9 t/ha. The highest yield potential was shown by Skn-68-1 line. Further evaluation and selection process need to be conducted in the next generations until the improved characters of the new lines are stable.
Agronomic performance of several doubled-haploid lines derived from anther culture of black rice × white rice
Authors: Dewi I S , Suhartini T , Risliawati A , Azmi Y , Purwoko B S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Black rice is a well-known type of rice in Indonesia, but its availability is still limited. So far, only one black rice variety that has been released by rice breeders. Recently, public demand for black rice increases due to its health benefits. Therefore, the development of new variety of black rice is needed. Anther culture is often used to accelerate the process in obtaining homozygous lines in the form of doubled-haploid (DH) plants for rice breeding. This research aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of several DH lines derived from anther culture. The experiment was conducted at Sukamandi, West Java, during the dry season of 2017. Plant materials used in this study were 13 DH lines derived from anther culture of F1s and five improved varieties as control. The F1s were obtained from crosses between local black rice Melik with two white rice varieties, Inpari 13 or Fatmawati. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observation was conducted on plant height, number of productive tiller, days to flower, days to harvest, panicle length, number of grain per panicle, number of filled and empty grain number per panicle, yield, and pericarp color. The results showed that plant height, number of tillers, yield and yield components of DH lines were significantly different compared to some of the control varieties. Ten DH lines were similar in yield compared to Inpari 13, but five of them produced higher yield than Inpari 13. Days to flower of DH lines and control varieties were similar (75–89 days). The pericarp color of DH lines varies from dark purple to reddish-brown (maroon).
In silico identification of three putative SWEET genes in Metroxylon sagu
Authors: Putranto R A , Martiansyah I , Sari D A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Recent studies have identified Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET), a novel type of sugar transporters in diverse plant species. This gene family selectively transports different kinds of sugar substrates, including sucrose, fructose and glucose. In this paper, three Metroxylon sagu SWEET genes (MsSWEET-X, MsSWEET-Y and MsSWEET-Z), predicted to be involved in starch accumulation, were identified from the NCBI EST database. A comparative analysis was carried out against Arabidopsis thaliana TAIR and Elaeis guineensis NCBI genome databases resulting in amino acid residues similarity of three MsSWEET genes of 21.32 to 76.25 %. One full-length coding sequence (CDS) of 229 amino acids from MsSWEET-X has been annotated as opposed to the partial CDSs from the other two. Three types of putative protein domains (Calreticulin, Glycosyl hydrolases and Triose-phosphate transporter) were predicted for MsSWEET-X, MsSWEET-Y and MsSWEET-Z, respectively. Multiple Alignment sing Fast Fourier Transform (MAFFT) has identified three conserved amino acid motifs (Motif-A, Motif-B and Motif-C) among three compared species. Phylogenetic analysis using Maximum-Likelihood Estimation has revealed two genes AtCRT3 and MsSWEET-X at the upstream of initial tree branches (0.17 and 0.12 length) showing their early evolutionary orthology. By contrast, MsSWEET-Y gene was predicted to be the latest homolog of SWEET16 and SWEET17 undergoing speciation events from both Arabidopsis and oil palm. Taken together, these results showed that even though the oil palm and sago palm shared the common ancestry of monocotyledonous family, their SWEET genes were divergent. The gene MsSWEET-X was highly close to its homolog in Arabidopsis.
CRISPR/Cas9 system for disruption of biochemical pathway for sterol synthesis in Artemisia annua L.
Authors: Koerniati S , Simanjuntak G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
WHO recommends artemisinin-based combination therapy for curing malaria which is still a health problem in Indonesia. Artemisia annua L. is the primary source for artemisinin comes from subtropical China and India. Some introduction materials are grown in Indonesia, but they produce low concentration of artemisinin. Artemisinin synthesis uses the isoprenoid pathway, in which farnesyl diphospate (FDP) serves as the main precursor. FDP is the main precursor for sterol synthesis as well. The gene controls sterol biosynthesis is Squalene synthase (SQS). So then SQS is considered a competitive gene for artemisinin biosynthesis. CRISPR/cas9 is the most advanced system for genome editing, and can be used to induce a targeted-mutation. The aim of this research was to elevate Artemisinin content through disruption of the biochemical pathway of sterol synthesis using CRISPR/Cas9. Materials and methods used were as follows. Artemisia CRISPR/Cas9 seeds were processed and grown in selection medium and then soil. Seventy-seven Artemisia kanamycin resistant lines were produced. Fifty-two (of 77) lines were confirmed to have T-DNA by PCR with SQS-Fn and SQS-Rn primers, produced about 710 bp DNA fragment. By using SQS-Fs and SQS-Rs primers, those produced shorter DNA fragments (about 470 bp). A high-resolution electrophoresis QIAxcel was applied to identify for any nucleotide difference occured in PCR product of lines. Results showed that 44 lines (84.61%) have varied sizes with one to three nucleotides differences compared to control (plasmid, 468 bp). By assuming this analysis was right, it may be said that mutations has occured in SQS gene of Artemisia lines due to the CRISPR/Cas9.
Current status of Aceh jernang (Daemonorops sp.) and its traditional conservation efforts
Authors: Andini R , Ismullah F , Bakri S , Sulaiman M I , Anhar A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Dragon’s blood or ‘jernang’ (in Indonesian language) is referred to the deep and bright red resin obtained from the seeds of rattan palm (Daemonorops). Three species of this genus, i.e. D. draco (Willd.) Blume, D. didymophilla and D. Micracantha, are highly value commodity due to their larger fruits and longer fructescences. Dragon’s blood has been known in the traditional ancient Chinese medicines as haemostatic agent, antidiarrheal, antiulcer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Particularly the dracorhodin, a valuable bioactive substance, is closely associated with antitumour and wound healing activity and other industrial need. The distribution of Daemonorops is limited to Malaysia, Thailand and western Indonesia, especially in Sumatra. Harvesting D. draco seeds has been served as traditional livelihood for some local tribes and farmers in Aceh Province. Resin extracted from Aceh jernang is classified as excellent due to higher content of dracorhodin, but its processing method is still conducted in a very traditional way. The forests in Aceh are suitable for jernang to thrive, but jernang population is decreasing due to deforestation and inappropriate harvesting. Unless conservation efforts are done, jernang might extinct in the near future. Over the past few years, some local farmers have realized the importance of jernang in their livelihoods, and hence they take part in the conservation. This paper dealt with the efforts between a local jernang company, CV Draco Industrial Agribusiness (DIA Group), with Unsyiah in the traditional jernang conservation program.
Construction of DNA fingerprint for chili pepper varieties using SNAP markers
Authors: Terryana R T , Rijzaani H , Priyatno T P , Manzila I , Lestari P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Establishing the genetic identity of crop varieties has been considered essential for protecting plant breeder and farmer rights, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. DNA fingerprint using molecular markers is important to give an unambiguous characteristic pattern as a valuable tool for genetic identification. In this study, eight Single Nucleotide Amplified Polymorphism (SNAP) markers were developed and applied to fingerprint 23 varieties of chili pepper. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) detected in each primer ranged from 0.14 to 0.36 with an average of 0.17. The average of gene diversity was 0.20 among all varieties for total SNAP markers. A phylogenetic tree was subsequently constructed based on their genotypic scores for selected six markers, which separated the 23 varieties into three major groups. The cluster consisted of 2, 5 or 16 varieties. The DNA fingerprints were translated into capital letters representing presence and absence of allele, and they revealed the specific identity of five varieties. A number of varieties possessed the same DNA fingerprint profiles indicating their close genetic distance. Eventhough these SNAP markers were not able to distinguish each variety according to its unique allelic composition, this study could serve as preliminary information to establish genetic fingerprints of chili pepper varieties in Indonesia. Similar studies in the future will benefit from the SNAP found in this study.
Genetic diversity of local red rice cultivars collections of Yogyakarta AIAT, Indonesia based on morphological character
Authors: Kristamtini  , Widyayanti S , Purwaningsih H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Identification of local red rice was important to study for genetic diversity. The objective of the study was to identify the morphological characteristics to estime the genetic diversity and heritability in the broad sense of 11 local red rice cultivars. The quantitative data (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of productive tillers, panicle length, 1,000-grain weight and number of grain per panicle) were measured by their CVg values for determining their relationships and heritability. The results can be used for parent selection in a breeding program. Results showed that the number of productive tillers, leaf length and the number of grain content per panicle for 11 local red rice from Yogyakarta were efficient and effective characters in selection because the characters have wide of the coefficient of variation genetics and high heritability value.
Seed characteristics of local rice accessions from East Barito regency
Authors: Susilawati  , Liana T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Central Kalimantan has an abundance of local rice genetic resources scattered in every district. One of the districts with important local rice genetic resources is East Barito. This study aimed to seek unique characters ol local rice varieties in East Barito Regency which could be useful for further genetic improvement. Local rice exploration was conducted during January to February 2018 to obtain local species in the East Barito District. The method of activity is purposive sampling by selecting 4–5 villages within the district based on information of diverse local genetic resources. The data collected consisted of the passport data and the present status of local paddy rice, as well as the character of the seeds to ensure that there was a difference of accession for local paddy genetic resources with the same name. Based on the exploration activity, a total of 27 local rice accessions have been explored from the region, and there were two cultivar local rice accessions that have the same name, i.e. Cantik Manis and Siam Cantik. However, they have different grain shape and other morphological characters.
Diversity of pod weight of Indonesian local groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties at different harvesting time
Authors: Zulchi T , Hidayatun N , Dewi N 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGroundnut, a self-pollinated legume, is an important cash crop which has high oil seed content and provides nutritious fodder to livestock. Harvesting time is very critical to the groundnut production, because their maturity determines the pod weight. This study aimed to observe the pod weight of local groundnut varieties of Indonesia at different harvesting time. A total of 50 local varieties groundnut were grown at ICABIOGRAD Experimental Station from May–September 2015. The pods were harvested at 75, 85 and 95 days after planting (DAP) and weighed. The results showed that the accessions reached its physiological maturity at 85 DAP, where the plants reached the highest maturity index (2.28). The average maturity index at 75 and 95 DAP was 1.64 and 1.84, respectively. The pod weightat 75, 85 and 95 DAP ranged from 1.0 to 31.4 g, 4.2 to 35.2 g and 2.0 to 31.6 g, respectively, whereas the seed weight ranged from 1.0 to 20.8 g, 2.2 to 26.4 g and 1.4 to 24 g, respectively. A relatively high seed and hull weight ratio at 85 DAP was found in MLG 1629 Jombang, MLG 7552 Gresik, Hoi Ambon, Lanbau and AH 842Si varieties. The harvesting time should be done at physiological maturity to identify the maturity type among local varieties. It is recommended that the Indonesian local varieties of groundnuts should be harvested at 85 DAP.
Animal genetic resources (AnGR) in Mozambique
Authors: Cumbula D , Taela M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Mozambique is a country on the eastern coast of Southern Africa, where livestock plays an important role in the agriculture sector, due to its contribution to socio-economic development and poverty reduction. Given the variations in climate, soil fertility, rainfall pattern and altitude among the different areas, the country is divided into ten agroecological regions, each one with its own characteristic production systems and livestock breeds. In the family sector, livestock is mostly composed of indigenous breeds: Landim cattle, goats, pigs and chicken, Angoni and Bovino de Tete cattle breeds and Pafuri goat. In order to restore the quantity and quality of the genetic resources of indigenous breeds and promote their conservation and sustainable use, the country is carrying out several actions and activities, including public awareness campaigns about the importance of indigenous breeds and the need for their conservation, inclusion of AnGR issues in the curriculum of universities and agricultural colleges, characterization of AnGR collection and conservation of semen from native bulls.
Screening genetic resources of local accessions of Capsicum originated from East Java
Authors: Purnomo S , Handoko  
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Inventory and collection of local chili varieties in production centers in East Java had been carried out in the period 2013–2015 by East Java Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT). A total of 143 accessions of five chili species (Capsicum annuum L., C. frutescens L., C. chinense Jacq., C. baccatum L. and C. pubescens L) was collected from eight chili production centers in East Java and has been maintained by East Java AIAT. A set of 85 local chili accessions was selected and evaluated for agronomic performance and biochemical compounds. Among the five species, C. annuum L. and C. frutescens L. dominated the distribution of chili species in East Java. The other three species were still found in some spots of farm households and highlands. C. pubescens, locally known as “Bodong” or “Wudel” chili, was found on the high slopes of Mount Semeru, whereas C. chinense, known as “Cotoh” chili by the locals, was also found in the highlands of Batu City. Based on agronomic performance there were several accessions with high-yielding potential (≥12 t/ha). Five accessions of C. frutescens collected from planting areas in the dryland with dry climate of Blitar not only had high yield potential, but also had high capsaicinoid content, low-fat content, low quercetin and high flavonoids and polyphenols. Phenotypic diversity and geographic origin may be useful as the criteria for selecting a good set of chili accessions.