bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inference of the chromospheric magnetic field configuration of solar plage using the Ca II 8542 Å line
Authors: Pietrow A. G. M. , Kiselman D. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Díaz Baso C. J. , Pastor Yabar A. , Yadav R. 
Published: October 2020

Context.It has so far proven impossible to reproduce all aspects of the solar plage chromosphere in quasi-realistic numerical models. The magnetic field configuration in the lower atmosphere is one of the few free parameters in such simulations. The literature only offers proxy-based estimates of the field strength, as it is difficult to obtain observational constraints in this region. Sufficiently sensitive spectro-polarimetric measurements require a high signal-to-noise ratio, spectral resolution, and cadence, which are at the limit of current capabilities.Aims.We use critically sampled spectro-polarimetric observations of the Ca II8542 Å line obtained with the CRISP instrument of the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope to study the strength and inclination of the chromospheric magnetic field of a plage region. This will provide direct physics-based estimates of these values, which could aid modelers to put constraints on plage models.Methods.We increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the data by applying several methods including deep learning and PCA. We estimated the noise level to be 1 × 10−3Ic. We then used STiC, a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium inversion code to infer the atmospheric structure and magnetic field pixel by pixel.Results.We are able to infer the magnetic field strength and inclination for a plage region and for fibrils in the surrounding canopy. In the plage we report an absolute field strength of |B| = 440 ± 90 G, with an inclination of 10° ±16° with respect to the local vertical. This value for |B| is roughly double of what was reported previously, while the inclination matches previous studies done in the photosphere. In the fibrillar region we found |B| = 300 ± 50 G, with an inclination of 50° ±13°.
Magnetic excitations in assemblies of dipolar coupled nanoparticles
Authors: Boust Fabrice , Vukadinovic Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

The equilibrium magnetization configurations and the associated microwave susceptibility spectra of dipolar coupled nanoplatelets are explored using three-dimensional (3D) micromagnetic simulations. First, the case of periodic arrangements of nanoplatelets on square arrays is considered. As a result, a macro-vortex state defined as a flux closure pattern spreading over the whole array with or without a vortex core can be stabilized starting from an initial orthoradial magnetization configuration. For macro-vortex states with a vortex core, the linear excitation spectrum exhibits a sub-GHz resonance line ascribed to the vortex core dynamics at the array center. The features of this line (spectral position and amplitude) depend on the array size and the strength of the dipolar coupling through the interplatelet spacing. This resonance is also observed for macro-vortex states without a vortex core but only in the regime of a strong dipolar coupling. The effect of disorder is then investigated by numerically generating assemblies of nanoplatelets with a position disorder and, shape and size distributions. The micromagnetic simulations reveal flux closure magnetization configurations as well but without a vortex core. A low-frequency resonance appears in the susceptibility spectra for quite high surface contents of nanoplatelets but its amplitude is weaker compared to the case of periodic arrays. This line arises from a collective mode extended over a few nanoplatelets.
A large variety of static and dynamical behaviors is thus evidenced resulting in a great complexity even in such model systems.
Chirurgische Therapie des Lungenkarzinoms: Argumente für die Behandlung in großen Zentren
Authors: Hoffmann H. , Passlick B. , Ukena D. , Wesselmann S. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAnhand der Daten der DRG-Statistik wurde untersucht, wie sich die Versorgungssituation bei der chirurgischen Behandlung des Lungenkarzinoms in Deutschland darstellt und ob ein möglicher Zusammenhang zwischen Behandlungsvolumen und Hospitalletalität besteht. Ausgewertet wurden alle Behandlungsfälle der Jahre 2005 bis 2015 mit der Hauptdiagnose Lungenkarzinom (ICD C34) und den Prozeduren (OPS-Schlüssel 5-323–5-328) für anatomische Lungenresektionen. Die Behandlungsfälle wurden Krankenhausgruppen zugeordnet, definiert nach der Anzahl der durchgeführten Eingriffe pro Jahr. Die Gesamtzahl der anatomischen Lungenresektionen bei der Diagnose Lungenkarzinom stieg um 24 % von 9376 Resektionen in 2005 auf 11614 in 2015. Im Jahr 2015 wurden 57 % der anatomischen Lungenresektionen bei Patienten mit Lungenkarzinom in 47 High-Volume-Kliniken (Kliniken mit ≥ 75 Resektionen/Jahr) durchgeführt, die restlichen 43 % der Resektionen verteilen sich auf 271 Kliniken, die jeweils weniger als 75 Resektionen pro Jahr durchführen. In Krankenhäusern, in denen weniger als 25 dieser Eingriffe pro Jahr vorgenommen werden, ist die Krankenhausletalität mit 5,7 % (Mittelwert bezogen auf die Gesamtzahl der Eingriffe 2005 – 2015) fast doppelt so hoch wie in großen Zentren mit ≥ 75 Resektionen pro Jahr (Mittelwert 2005 – 2015: 3,0 %). Zusammenfassend bestätigt die vorliegende Auswertung der DRG-Statistik die traditionelle Konzentration der Lungenkrebsbehandlungen in Deutschland auf relativ wenige Kliniken mit großen Fallzahlen. Darüber hinaus konnte hier erstmals aktuell und flächendeckend für Deutschland ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Behandlungsvolumen der Krankenhäuser und der Hospitalletalität nach chirurgischen Lungenkarzinombehandlungen belegt werden.
Cell type-specific lipid storage changes in Parkinson’s disease patient brains are recapitulated by experimental glycolipid disturbance
Authors: Brekk Oeystein Roed , Honey Jonathan R. , Lee Seungil , Hallett Penelope J. , Isacson Ole 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Recently, the field of Parkinson’s disease biology has shifted attention away from pure proteinotoxic hypotheses to emphasize primary cellular insults, including glycolipid disturbances. In this work, dopaminergic neurons in the Parkinson’s disease-vulnerable region of substantia nigra were found to accumulate neutral lipids, whereas in the same tissues, astrocytes have reduced lipid content, and resident microglia (a form of brain macrophage) show overall accumulation of lipids associated with inflammation. These changes were reproduced experimentally by blocking a specific lysosomal hydrolase in mice, generating a glycolipid accumulation in the animals. Based on these findings, it is reasonable to propose that restoring lipid homeostasis between neurons, astrocytes, and microglia could potentially influence PD pathogenesis and disease progression.
Formation of global self-beliefs in the human brain
Authors: Rouault Marion , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Momentary feelings of confidence accompany many of our actions and decisions. In addition to such “local” feelings of confidence, we also construct “global” confidence estimates about our skills and abilities (global self-performance estimates or SPEs). Distorted SPEs may have a pervasive impact on motivation and self-evaluation, for instance affecting estimates of our competitiveness at work or in a sports team. Here, we found that components of a brain network previously implicated in the tracking of local confidence was additionally modulated by SPE level, whereas ventral striatum tracked SPEs irrespective of confidence. Our findings of a neurocognitive basis for global SPEs lay the groundwork for understanding how distorted SPEs arise in educational and clinical settings.
A non-contact calibration system for step gauges using automatic collimation techniques
Authors: Yujiu Sun , Shiqing Xu , Feng Qian , Yongqian Li , Zili Zhou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To calibrate transfer standards for length calibration, a non-contact calibration system for step gauges and gauge blocks has been developed, in which a laser interferometer was equipped to obtain the length displacement and dual-stage driving-position techniques were used to carry step gauges to approach the measuring location. A non-contact collimation technique combined with an optoelectronic microscope was proposed for achieving identification. The optoelectronic microscope eliminates both the contact deformation resulting from the mechanical force and motion deviations. The combination of dual-stage driving-position techniques and the non-contact collimation technique can ensure that the collimation repeatability is less than 20 nm. The experimental tests and comparison results indicated that the non-contact strategy and dual-stage position techniques can provide a reliable method for building a length calibration system for gauges, industrial line scales, and end bars.
Isgur-Wise function in Bc
decays to charmonium with the Bethe-Salpeter method *
Authors: Geng Zi-Kan , Jiang Yue , Wang Tianhong , Zheng Hui-Wen , Wang Guo-Li 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The heavy quark effective theory vastly reduces the weak-decay form factors of hadrons containing one heavy quark. Many works attempt to directly apply this theory to hadrons with multiple heavy quarks. In this paper, we examine this confusing application by the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter method from a phenomenological perspective, and give the numerical results for

decays to charmonium where the final states include

,

,

, and

. Our results indicate that the form factors parameterized by a single Isgur-Wise function deviate substantially from the full ones, especially when excited states are involved. The relativistic corrections (

corrections) require the introduction of more non-perturbative universal functions, similar to the Isgur-Wise function, which are the overlapping integrals of the wave functions with the relative momentum between the quark and antiquark.
Effects of a contusive spinal cord injury on cortically-evoked spinal spiking activity in rats
Authors: Borrell Jordan A , Krizsan-Agbas Dora , Nudo Randolph J , Frost Shawn B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on spike activity evoked in the hindlimb spinal cord of the rat from cortical electrical stimulation. Approach. Adult, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a Healthy or SCI group. SCI rats were given a 175 kDyn dorsal midline contusion injury at the level of the T8 vertebrae. At 4 weeks post-SCI, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was delivered at several sites in the hindlimb motor cortex of anesthetized rats, and evoked neural activity was recorded from corresponding sites throughout the dorsoventral depths of the spinal cord and EMG activity from hindlimb muscles. Main results. In healthy rats, post-ICMS spike histograms showed reliable, evoked spike activity during a short-latency epoch 10–12 ms after the initiation of the ICMS pulse train (short). Longer latency spikes occurred between ∼20 and 60 ms, generally following a Gaussian distribution, rising above baseline at time L
ON, followed by a peak response (L
p), and then falling below baseline at time L
OFF. EMG responses occurred between L
ON and L
p( 25–27 ms). In SCI rats, short-latency responses were still present, long-latency responses were disrupted or eliminated, and EMG responses were never evoked. The retention of the short-latency responses indicates that spared descending spinal fibers, most likely via the cortico-reticulospinal pathway, can still depolarize spinal cord neurons after a dorsal midline contusion injury. Significance. This study provides novel insights into the role of alternate pathways for voluntary control of hindlimb movements after SCI that disrupts the corticospinal tract in the rat.
The parallel & distributed code for numerical simulation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulation
Authors: Kulikov Igor , Chernykh Igor , Karavaev Dmitry , Sapetina Anna , Prigarin Vladimir , Protasov Victor , Ulyanichev Ivan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new code for modeling relativistic magnetohydrodynamic flows is described in the paper. The developed program code is based on a combination of adaptive nested grids. Magnetic hydrodynamics of the process is simulated using nested grids. Subgrid processes are simulated using regular grids. In the paper, we will outline the main components of program code building. These steps are common to other program codes for magnetized flows simulation.
The Supercomputing Simulation of Instability and Shock Waves in Gas Giant
Authors: Gornova Alisa , Kulikov Igor , Chernykh Igor 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The research of the gas giant atmosphere behavior during its interaction with a stellar wind is given in paper. The various case of interaction of atmosphere with the dense gas current are considered. The numerical model based on gravitational hydrodynamics equations was used. The combination of operator splitting approach, Godunov’s and HLL methods, and the piecewise parabolic method on local stencil is used for the solution of equations. The computing experiments were made on the supercomputer equipped with Intel Xeon Phi accelerators.
Calculation of the expansion dynamics of evaporated tungsten under the action of a laser pulse
Authors: Arakcheev A S , Lazareva G G , Maksimova A G , Popov V A , Ivashin N E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the numerical implementation of a model of the dynamics of the tungsten vapors flow evaporating from the sample surface. To calculate the speed and mass flow rate of the substance evaporating from the sample surface, a system of gas dynamics equations is numerically solved. The boundary conditions for the gas velocity and density on the heated surface have a great influence on the solution of the problem. Boundary conditions for temperature are obtained as a result of solving the two-phase Stefan problem in a cross-section of the sample. The aim of the study is to model the erosion of the sample surface and penetration of heat flow into the material.
Ontological approach to formalization of knowledge in computational plasma physics
Authors: Snytnikov A V , Glinskiy B M , Zagorulko G B , Zagorulko Y A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Computational plasma physics is a wide area of research, which includes a certain set of physical phenomena, mathematical equations, numerical methods, programming strategies, and hardware architectures that directly follow each other. To design an efficient code for solving a computational plasma physics problem, the researcher should have a clear understanding of the relationships between the concepts of physics, mathematics, computer science, and computer architecture. Ontology is one of the effective ways to realize (provide) such an understanding. Authors propose an approach to design an ontology which will show how physical phenomena determine mathematical equations being used, how the equations define numerical methods, and how methods enable programming strategies to form an architecture-efficient implementation of problem solution.
Performance improvement of particle-in-cell method for numerical modelling of open magnetic system
Authors: Boronina M.A. , Chernykh I.G. , Genrikh E.A. , Vshivkov V.A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The work is connected with numerical simulation of plasma dynamics in open magnetic trap in diamagnetic regime. The hybrid particle-in-cell model we develop allows to perform numerical experiments for the high ratio of Larmor radius of the ions and the one of the electrons due to the combining of the kinetic description for the ions and MHD description for the electron plasma component. The disadvantage of the model is the stability condition and the corresponding requirements for the time step. In practice a doubling of the grid nodes in each direction leads to the decrease of the time step x6 times. For the characteristic times of the plasma processes 102 reciprocal ion cyclotron frequencies the computations required few days for grids 100x500. The processing of the particle data takes more than 85% of the total computation time, thus its effective realization yields significant gain in performing. In our algorithm we combine the dynamic load balance and vectorized computations of densities and current densities. We present the results of numerical experiments on its basis including the highly non-uniform particle distribution in the domain and the increasing of the particle number due to the beam injection.
Cross-platform implementation of Particle-In-Cell method for simulation of high-temperature and fusion plasma by means of hybrid supercomputers equipped with GPU or Intel Xeon Phi accelerators
Authors: Romanenko Alexey A , Snytnikov Alexey V , Boronina Marina A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A new Python-based Particle-In-Cell code is presented. The code uses leapfrog particle pusher. The important feature of our code is that all the particles are pushed at once, thus the code is vectorized to improve performance. Electric field is given by Poisson equation with Least squares solver. The code involves collision simulation by PIC-MC method. Both large-scale (MPI) and fine-grain parallelization are being used. The implementation is based on the efficient NumPy library in Python language with the help of Dask package to improve Numpy performance. GPU implementation involves PyCUDA and the performance with Intel Xeon processors and Intel Xeon Phi accelerators is supported by high-performance Intel Python.
GPU-native gas dynamic solver on octree-based AMR grids
Authors: Menshov I , Pavlukhin P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
GPU implementation of the Godunov-type gas dynamic solver on three-dimensional octree-based grids is proposed. In this implementation, all dynamic adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) procedures are performed entirely on GPU as opposed to most of other implementations where grid metadata is transferred to CPU for further updating. Conducted bench tests show that eliminating regular CPU–GPU grid data transferring in the proposed parallel AMR algorithms makes it possible to reduce the grid modification overhead to lower than 2% on Nvidia Tesla V100. The results concerned with both CUDA and OpenMP implementation performance are also presented.
An adaptive multigrid on block-structured grids
Authors: Feodoritova O B , Zhukov V T 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An implementation of the multigrid method on conformal block-structured grids is proposed. The algorithm is intended to solve a boundary-value problem for elliptic PDEs. Each block is discretized using a structured hexahedron grid.The set of multilevel grids are arranged in hierarchical levels. In each block the discrete finite volume scheme is constructed on the fine level grid. The coarse level equations are formed by the Galerkin procedure. The presence of the irregular block connections leads to irregular stencils in the nodes which adjoin of several blocks. Instead of a special irregular node treatment we propose to find the solution in these nodes in additive manner. Such an opportunity is provided by the use of the explicit iterative procedures for both the smoothers and the coarsest grid solver. We also present an adaptive technique which adjusts these procedures for achieving the prescribed multigrid convergence rate. The proposed approach enhances the potential of the multigrid method in ultra-parallel computing.
Facile manufacturing of fused-deposition modeled composite scaffolds for tissue engineering—an embedding model with plasticity for incorporation of additives
Authors: Manjunath Kamath S , Sridhar K , Gopinath V , Sankar KrishnaKumar , Sundaram A , Gupta Nilkantha , Shiek Ahmed S S J , Shantanu Patil S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The fused-deposition modeling (FDM) process is carried out at an elevated temperature, preventing the addition of biological factors, drugs, bioactive compounds, etc, during fabrication. To overcome this disadvantage, a 3D interlinked porous polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold was fabricated by FDM, followed by the embedding of a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold into the pores of the PLA at room temperature, yielding a PLA-PCL scaffold. In addition, PLA-PCL scaffolds with nanohydroxyapatite (PLA-PCL-nHAP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PLA-PCL-MWCNT) were also fabricated. Here, the FDM-fabricated PLA scaffold functions as the structural component, whereas the embedded PCL scaffold acts as the functional component, which provides a the ability to functionalize the scaffolds with the desired chemical or biological materials. The embedding process is straightforward, cost effective, and does not require sophistication. A mechanical characterization of the scaffolds suggests that the Young’s modulus of the PLA-PCL scaffold (16.02 MPa) was higher than that of the FDM-fabricated PLA (9.98 MPa) scaffold, by virtue of embedded PCL matrix. In addition, finite element analysis showed that the von Mises stress on a mandible with scaffolds was 4.04 MPa, whereas for a mandible with a defect, it was 6.7 MPa, confirming the stress distribution efficiency and mechanical stability of these scaffolds. Furthermore, field emission-scanning electron microscope analysis implied the presence of interlinked porous structures with pore diameters of 50 µm to 300 µm. X-ray diffraction results revealed an increased crystallinity (%) in the embedded models (PLA-PCL, PLA-PCL-nHAP and PLA-PCL-MWCNT), compared to a PLA printed scaffold. Additionally, Raman analysis revealed that the embedding process did not cause chemical alterations in the polymeric chains. In vitro analysis with human osteoblasts demonstrated the osteoconductive nature of the scaffold, which supported mineralization. In brief, the advantage of our model is that it helps to overcome the difficulties of manufacturing a filament with the desired additives for FDM, and offers the ability to incorporate the desired concentrations of heat-labile bioactive molecules during the embedding process at ambient temperatures.
Automaticity and delegation in climate targets
Authors: Frame David , von Stein Jana 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The problem of dynamically inconsistent preferences is common in domestic and international politics. A country’s—or indeed the world’s—future health (economic, social, environmental, etc.) often requires policy adjustments that are costly and unpopular. Governments face formidable pressures to underinvest today in policies whose consequences are optimal in the future. This challenge may be particularly acute when leaders face accountability mechanisms that induce frequent policy responsiveness such as elections. Policies that automatically adjust in response to other changes are a common proposed solution to these types of problems. To be successful, index-based approaches typically also require delegation to an independent authority. In the realm of climate mitigation, we argue that a combination of automaticity and delegation can provide a promising combination for policymakers to consider as they attempt to develop enduring solutions to climate change.