bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of activity level after TKA on the relative bone mineral density measured on standard radiographs in periprosthetic tibial bone: a five-year follow-up study
Authors: Liu Yong , He Peiheng , Li Xing , Ye Yongheng , Liu Minghao , Chen Weizhi , XU Dongliang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

To suggest the best activity level to guide clinical rehabilitation by evaluating the effect of activity level on BMD in the proximal tibia 5 years after TKA.
Methods

In 121 patients, the UCLA activity rating was evaluated, and the relative BMD in periprosthetic tibial bone was measured by ImageJ software on anteroposterior X-ray images. ANOVA, chi-squared test, paired t test and nonlinear regression were used for data analysis.
Results

Activity level significantly affected rBMD in the proximal tibia, with the smallest reduction in rBMD observed with moderate activity. The difference in rBMD% between the lateral and medial metaphysis was significant. The regions with a significant difference in rBMD% between the lateral and medial metaphysis were closest to the base plate of the prosthesis. The lateral and medial regions closest to the stem of the prosthesis showed no significant difference in rBMD%.
Conclusions

Moderate-intensity functional exercise is recommended within 3 years after TKA.
Changes in local bone mineral density in patients with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and its guiding significance for treatment
Authors: Liu Hao , Gu Sanjun , Liu Jun , Wu Yongwei , Rui Yongjun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

It is recognized that there are many factors that affect the outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction. However, there were few studies on the effect of local bone conditions on the reconstruction of the ACL. This study aimed to summarize the changes in local bone mineral density (BMD) of the knee after rupture of the ACL and to guide the treatment.
Methods

Eighty patients with ACL rupture treated in our department from January 2017 to April 2019 were routinely measured for local BMD before surgery, and according to the BMD, the appropriate method of ligament reconstruction and fixation under arthroscopy was selected: if the local BMD of the affected knee was not significantly lower than that of the healthy side, squeeze fixation was used, and suspension fixation was used when the local BMD of the affected knee was lower than that of the healthy knee. The conditions of tunnel cutting or screw splitting and tunnel enlargement or screw pull-out were observed during the operation, and the fixation mode was adjusted in time according to the situation. The function of the knee joint was evaluated regularly by physical examination, imaging data, the IKDC scale and the Lysholm score table after the operation.
Results

A total of 80 patients with unilateral ACL rupture were included in this group. There were 44 males and 36 females. Sixty-eight patients had decreased BMD in the affected knee. The BMD of patients with a history of more than 3 months was lower than that of patients with a history of less than 3 months. Tunnel enlargement and screw pull-out occurred in 2 patients, screw splitting occurred in 1 patient, and no adverse conditions occurred in the rest of the patients. In 3 patients, the fixation mode was adjusted in time during the operation. The patients were followed for 12 months (mean 20.65 ± 5.12 months). The IKDC score increased from 43.07 ± 2.66 before the operation to 89.17 ± 3.28 at the final follow-up, and the Lysholm score increased from 43.49 ± 2.38 to 89.67 ± 2.97.
Conclusions

The measurement of local BMD before surgery is of guiding significance for the selection of reconstruction and fixation of the ACL. It is recommended that patients undergo surgical reconstruction within 3 months after injury. When the BMD of the affected knee decreases significantly to at least 70% lower than that of the healthy side, suspension fixation is recommended and the brace fixation time is prolonged.
The Dynamics on Hammer with Three Freedoms and Friction Vibration by Lagrange Equation in Robotic Arm
Authors: xu run 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The dynamic equation of three freedoms and frictionimpulsion vibration is established hammer in robotic arm by Larange equation. It is based on one of two freedoms. It is found that the first and second items is long and others is concise which is found in kinetic equation in this study.
Hip torsional deformities at lumbar disc disease
Authors: ISIN YAGMUR , KAYA EROL , HAPA ONUR , KIZMAZOGLU CEREN , GURSAN ONUR 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Presence of lumbar spine disorder with hip diseases is defined as Hip-Spine syndrome, there might be a relation between hip torsional deformities and lumbar disc disease which has not clarified previously. Purpose of the present study was to find whether hip torsional parameters (femur, acetabular anteversion) and clinical findings (hip range of motion, hip score) differ at patients with lumbar disc disease.
Methods

Patients with lomber disc herniation (n: 20) and control subjects (n: 20) without any lumbar spine or hip disease were enrolled. Femoral anteversion (FeAv), acetabular anteversion (AA), center of edge angle (CE), degree of hip flexion, extension, Harris Hip scores (HHS) were evaluated bilaterally.
Results

HHS score, degree of extension plus flexion was lower at diseased side when it is compared to the control subjects (p < 0.001). Unilaterally affected patients had lower AA than control subjects (AA: 13 ± 40 vs16 ± 20 p:0.01). Mechanic and /or hip torsional parameters especially the acetabular retroversion may have an etiopathogenetic role at unilateral lumbar disc disease.
Engineered Cerebral Organoids Recapitulate Adult Tau Expression and Disease-relevant Changes in Tau Splicing
Authors: Lovejoy Christopher , Alatza Argyro , Arber Charles , Galasso Grant , Bradshaw Teisha Y. , Verheyen An , Lashley Tammaryn , Revesz Tamas , Hardy John , Karch Celeste M. , Wray Selina 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The tauopathies are a collection of clinically and pathologically diverse neurodegenerative disorders characterised by tau pathology. The tau protein exists as multiple protein isoforms in the adult human CNS, generated by alternative splicing of the MAPT gene. Disruptions to tau splicing are associated with a number of tauopathies, however, in vitro and in vivo models to understand the consequences of disrupted tau splicing have been lacking, due in part to species differences in tau splicing and the developmental regulation of tau in human neurons. We investigated the utility of iPSC-derived cerebral organoids to model key aspects of tau biology. Cerebral organoids showed high variability in neuronal content and tau expression. To reduce this heterogeneity, we generated engineered cerebral organoids (enCORs), which use a floating scaffold to increase the efficiency of neural induction and reduce heterogeneity. We show that enCORs provide a robust and reproducible in vitro system for the analysis of tau expression and splicing in a 3D model. To investigate the effect of tau mutations, we generated enCORs from an isogenic series of iPSC with the MAPT 10+16 and P301S mutations. The presence of tau splicing mutations results in disease-associated alterations in tau expression, specifically a dose-dependent increase in 4R tau isoforms in the presence of the MAPT 10+16 variant. While the developmental regulation of tau splicing is conserved, maturation of tau splicing is accelerated in 3D cultures compared to 2D cultures. Finally, enCORs with coding mutations in MAPT are able to produce seed-competent tau species, suggesting enCORs recapitulate early features of tau pathology. In summary, enCORs provide a novel, robust in vitro system for the study of tau in development and disease.
COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes and Nationality: Results from a Nationwide Registry in Kuwait
Authors: Hamadah Hala , Alahmad Barrak , Behbehani Mohammad , Al-Youha Sarah , Almazeedi Sulaiman , Al-Haddad Mohannad , Jamal Mohammad H. , Al-Sabah  Salman 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many have flagged racial and ethnic differences in health outcomes in western countries as an urgent global public health priority. Kuwait has a unique demographic profile with two-thirds of the population consisting of non-nationals, most of which are migrant workers.Objective: We aimed to explore whether there is a significant difference in health outcomes between non-Kuwaiti and Kuwaiti patients diagnosed with COVID-19.Methods: We used a prospective COVID-19 registry of all patients (symptomatic and asymptomatic) in Kuwait who tested positive from February 24th to April 20th, 2020 , collected from Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Hospital, the officially-designated COVID-19 healthcare facility in the country. We ran separate logistic regression models comparing non-Kuwaitis to Kuwaitis for death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia.Results: The first 1,123 COVID-19 positive patients in Kuwait were all recruited in the study. About 26% were Kuwaitis and 73% were non-Kuwaiti. With adjustments made to age, gender, smoking and selected co-morbidities, non-Kuwaitis had two-fold increase in the odds of death or being admitted to the intensive care unit compared to Kuwaitis (OR: 2.14, 95% CI 1.12-4.32). Non-Kuwaitis had also higher odds of ARDS (OR:2.44, 95% CI 1.23-5.09) and pneumonia (OR: 2.24, 95% CI 1.27-4.12).Conclusion: This is the first study to report on COVID-19 outcomes between Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti patients. The current pandemic may have amplified the differences of health outcomes among marginalized subpopulations. A number of socioeconomic and environmental factors could explain this health disparity. More research is needed to advance the understanding of policymakers in Kuwait in order to make urgent public health interventions.
Pictures of X-Rays Displayed in Monitors for Deep Learning-Based COVID-19 Screening: Implications for Mobile Application Development
Authors: Silva Pedro , Luz Eduardo , Moreira Gladston , Gomes Caio , Viana Larissa , Silva Rodrigo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
As the world faces the COVID-19 pandemic, Artificial Intelligence, in particular, Deep Learning (DL) have been called up for help. Several recent research papers have shown the usefulness of these techniques for COVID-19 screening in Chest X-Rays (CXRs). To make this technology accessible and easy to use for the healthcare workers a natural path is to embed it into a mobile app. In these cases, however, the DL models must be prepared to receive as inputs pictures taken with the smartphones.Trying to raise awareness about the limitations of these models in a real-world setup, in this work, a dataset of CXR pictures taken of computer monitors with smartphones is built and DL models are evaluated on it. The results show that the current models are not able to correctly classify this kind of input. In the tested setup, augmenting the dataset with such pictures has shown to mitigate the problem, but it was not enough to raise accuracy to acceptable levels. As an alternative, this work shows that it is possible to build a model that discards pictures of monitors such that the COVID-19 screening module does not have to cope with them.
Machine Learning Algorithms Using Logistic Regression for Predicting Neurosurgical Outcomes
Authors: Fatima Nida 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Preoperative prognostication of clinical and surgical outcome in patients with neurosurgical diseases can improve the risk stratification, thus can guide in implementing targeted treatment to minimize these events. Therefore, the author aims to highlight the development and validation of predictive models determining neurosurgical outcomes through machine learning algorithms using logistic regression.Methods: Logistic regression (enter, backward and forward) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method for selection of variables from selected database can eventually lead to multiple candidate models. The final model with a set of predictive variables must be selected based upon the clinical knowledge and numerical results.Results: The predictive model which performed best on the discrimination, calibration, Brier score and decision curve analysis must be selected to develop machine learning algorithms. Logistic regression should be compared with the LASSO model. Usually for the big databases, the predictive model selected through logistic regression gives higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) than those with LASSO model. The predictive probability derived from the best model could be uploaded to an open access web application which is easily deployed by the patients and surgeons to make a risk assessment world-wide.Conclusions: Machine learning algorithms provide promising results for the prediction of outcomes following cranial and spinal surgery. These algorithms can provide useful factors for patient-counselling, assessing peri-operative risk factors, and predicting post-operative outcomes after neurosurgery.
Human Peripheral Blood-derived Mast Cells Contribute to Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Bronchial Epithelial Cells in the Presence of IL-1β
Authors: Wang Xian-Song , Xie Li , Zheng Kaiyu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchial epithelial to mesenchymal transition （EMT）is an important mechanism for the airway remodeling in asthmatics. Mast cell is one of the critical effector cells in pathogenesis of asthma. Although mast cells have been shown to release a plethora of pro-fibrotic factors with the potential to induce EMT, it is not clear whether mast cells also directly have an impact on the bronchial EMT. In this study, we investigated the contribution of human mast cells to EMT in human bronchial epithelial cell line 16-HBE. Methods: Human peripheral blood-derived mast cells were co-cultured with 16-HBE cells. The protein and mRNA expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in 16-HBE cells were analyzed by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. A scratch wound assay was performed to evaluate the migratory properties of the 16-HBE cells.Results: Mast cells alone failed to produce significant effects on the epithelial morphology, mobility, and expression of E-cadherin and vimentin. However, mast cells in combination of interleukin (IL)-1β significantly decreased E-cadherin expression but increased vimentin expression in the co-cultured 16-HBE cells, which exhibited a spindle-like appearance with reduced cell junctions and enhanced migration. The down-regulation of E-cadherin expression and up-regulation of vimentin expression were not abrogated by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 neutralizing antibody.Conclusion: Mast cells combined with IL-1β, not mast cells alone, were able to induce EMT in 16-HBE cells through a TGF-β1-independent mechanism. The results of in vitro culture suggest the possibility that mast cells contribute to human bronchial epithelial EMT in the asthmatic airway tissues with high level of IL-1β.
Article Variation and Tradeoff of Leaf Traits of Karst Shrub in Southwest China
Authors: zou zhigang , Zeng Fuping , Zeng Zhaoxia , Liao Jianxiong , Du Hu , Zhang Hao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Long-term droughts were found to have guided the environmental selection ofshrub plant characteristics in a karst region of China, as the plants were found to have developed a set of leaf trait combinations,includinga small specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area (LA), and large leaf dry matter content (LDMC), that are known to be suitable for drought environments.Leaf traits of plants are not only the intuitive and operable taxonomic traits in plant taxonomy, but also reflect the responses and adaptations of plants to their habitats. This is helpful when trying to understand the role of environmental screening and when filtering plant functional traits. The objective of this investigation was to determine the leaf trait variations, adaptations, and patterns in the shrubs from a karst region in China.Weinvestigated 11 leaf traits to quantify the variations in their trade-offs and the trait–habitat /species relationships for the shrubs at theHuanjiang karst ecosystem observation and research station, China, using multivariate analyses.There were significant intraspecific and interspecific changes in the leaf traits ofthe shrub plants, and there were differences among the traits. Except for carbonmass, nitrogenarea, and phosphorousarea, the interspecific variations of the leaf traits were generally higher than the interspecific variation. The correlation between the leaf traits in the karst shrubs was also significant. Species differences had a higher explanatory degree for the leaf traits than topography or soil nutrients. The findings of this study will enhance our understanding of the variations in leaf traits in the karst shrubregions and the adaptative strategies of the plants in degraded habitats.Furthermore, these results may provide scientific information to help guide vegetation recovery programs in the karst region of southwest China.
Effect of supervised aerobic exercise on the physical and mental health of lung cancer patients
Authors: Ma Jianli , Chu Zhong , Wang Xiaowei , Zhang Lei , Tang Dabei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise and climate on cardiopulmonary fitness, overall physical health, and mental health in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 111 NSCLC patients with stage IIIB and stage IV disease that had undergone standard treatment were separated into two experimental groups: a control group that conducted stretching exercises, and a test group that practiced Guolin qigong (GLQG). Of these patients, 56 remained in Heilongjiang Province and 55 went to Hainan Province during a 4-month period in the winter. Interventions were practiced three times per week. Cardiorespiratory fitness was the primary study outcome, whereas secondary outcomes included changes in anxiety, depression, dyspnea, immune functionality, and quality of life (QOL). Results Patients in the Heilongjiang Province cohort that had practiced GLQG exhibited significant improvements in cardiopulmonary functionality, depression, and QOL (social well-being, functional well-being, and lung cancer subscale scores) relative to the control group ( P <0.05). Similarly, in the Hainan Province cohort, the patients that had practiced GLQG exhibited significant improvements in their cardiorespiratory fitness, dyspnea, depression, and QOL relative to controls ( P <0.05). Following a 4-month intervention period, we additionally detected significant differences between patient groups in both provinces with respect to both mean albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values ( P <0.05). The intervention cohort in Hainan Province exhibited significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2MAX, FEV1/FVC (%), FEV1% pred, and FVC % pred), dyspnea, and QOL ( P hysical and emotional well-being subscales) relative to the intervention cohort in Heilongjiang Province ( P <0.05). Conclusions GLQG and a more favorable climate are both associated with significant improvements in the QOL, immune functionality, and cardiorespiratory function of NSCLC patients.
A Study on The Entrepreneurial Opportunities, Global and Indian Economy in 3D Printing Sector
Authors: P Sethu Ramalingam , K Mayandi , N Rajini , S.K Rajesh Kanna , Ayrilmis Nadir 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The main aim of the research was to explore all the opportunities, economic aspects, and challenges faced by various 3D printing industries, entrepreneurs, and consumers. 3D printing is a revolutionary digital production technique in Industry 4.0 that can transform the manufacturing sector to a new dimension and thereby creating a lot of opportunities and paved the way for economic growth both in the global and Indian industries. Moreover, the possibilities and availabilities of the 3D printing business opportunities for the entrepreneurs were studied based on their domain-specific areas such as application, manufacturing, programming, design, and development. In recent decades, most of the industries have focused on 3D printing technologies as it has arbitrary potential in all the sectors, single universal machine for producing intricate shapes and having online remote access. The present study also considered quick prototyping, fast manufacturing, along with the current novel methodologies in fabricating 3D elements. The advancements in 3D printing technology for various other industries like electrical industries in inventing receptors, circuit boards, etc. were deliberated. Thus the outcome of this specific study could be used to identify the entrepreneur company models in 3D printing and its business version by considering economic growth.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Chinese children: recent trends and correlates
Authors: YANG XI , Leung Alice , Jago Russell , Yu Shichen , Zhao Wenhua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

With the progress of urbanization and technology advancement in China, this study aimed to examine the trends in and correlates of PA and sedentary behaviors among Chinese children.
Methods

Self-reported physical activity data were extracted from the “China Health and Nutrition Survey” project. A total of 6,936 observations (4341 subjects) aged 6–17 years old who participated in at least one round of follow-up surveys from 2004 to 2015 were included. Random-effects ordinal regression models were applied to investigate the trends in the levels of PA, and repeated measures mixed models were applied to examine the trends in and distribution characteristics of PA and sedentary behaviors, controlling for the random effect of communities and adjusting for socio-demographic differences. Quantile regression models were applied to explore the influencing factors at each quartile of PA volume and time spent in sedentary behaviors.
Results

The prevalence of physical inactivity among Chinese Children aged 6–17 years increased from 76.0% in 2004 to 81.5% in 2015 (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19 ~ 1.90, p < 0.001). The average weekly volume of PA declined from 41.7 ± 1.6 to 35.9 ± 1.7 MET-hrs/week (P < 0.001) from 2004 to 2015, of which, in-school PA declined significantly by 4.6 MET-hrs/week (P < 0.001). The time spent in sedentary behaviors rose from 23.9 ± 0.6 hrs/week in 2004 to 25.7 ± 0.6 hrs/week in 2015 (p < 0.001), with more profound increases observed for the time on screen-based entertainment (increased by 2.9 hrs/week, P < 0.001). Age, ethnicity, and region showed significant effects on the volume of PA across quartiles (p < 0.001). Compared with children residing in rural area or with low urbanization level, sedentary time was significantly higher than those residing in urban areas (p < 0.001) or with high urbanization level (p ≤ 0.005) across quartiles.
Conclusions

To improve PA and curb sedentary behaviors among Chinese children aged 6–17 years old, urgent actions should be taken to promote in-school PA and to reduce their screen time. The findings also suggest certain subgroups and geographical areas that are at higher risk of physical inactivity, which warrants more attention when designing and implementing physical activity-promoting policy and action.