bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of Minimal and Non-Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jafar Muh. Alfian , Rauf Syarifuddin , Daud Dasril 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most common kidney disease in children. Histopathological features classify the disease into minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) and non-minimal change nephrotic syndrome (NMCNS). Clinical and laboratory characteristics are considered to be useful in estimating the underlying pathological changes. This study aimed to assess the spectrum of clinical and laboratory profiles in children suffering from MCNS and NMCNS.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using medical records of patients hospitalized at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Central General Hospital and Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital from January 2016 to August 2018. Subjects were classified into MCNS and NMCNS groups and evaluated for age, sex, hypertension, degree of edema, degree of hematuria, proteinuria level, cholesterol level, albumin level, urea level, and creatinine level. Data were analyzed by using chi-square, fisher's exact test Mann Whitney analysis, multivariate by logistic multiple regression analysis, and diagnostic test.
Results: Of the 36 subjects enrolled, 10 (27.8%) had MCNS, and 26 (72.2%) had NMCNS. Bivariate analysis showed significant differences in hypertension (p=0.020; OR=12.3; 95% CI 1.35-111.61) and hematuria (p=0.018; OR=7.7 ; 95% CI 1.52-39.75). Multivariate analysis indicated that only hematuria is a significant predictor (p=0.014; OR=7.778; 95% CI 1.522 – 39.754). The diagnostic test of NMCNS showed hematuria sensitivity at 77% and specificity at 70% with a positive predictive value of 87% and a negative predictive value of 46%.
Conclusion: Our study showed that hematuria is a sensitive predictor of NMCNS.
Utilization of Power Setting in Mono-polar Electrosurgery Unit With Additional Blend Modes
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Roni , Indrato Tri Bowo , Rahmawati Triana , Utomo Bedjo 
Published: August 2020

Electrosurgery unit has the purpose of damaging certain body tissues by heating the tissue. In this study there are several modes and also power selection. The contribution of this research is to design the power management and also the addition of several modes for the surgical process. Electrosurgery Unit involves the use of IC CMOS 4069 as a frequency generator. The frequency output is set at 250 KHz and then passed on to the pulse regulator circuit and controlled by using Arduino and then forwarded to the inverter circuit which functions to increase the voltage and output in the form of power. Modules are calibrated using ESU Analyzer. This module is equipped with a selection of LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH power. And also there are some additional modes including Blend 1 and Blend 2. After the measurement is carried out, the voltage values ​​obtained at the setting of low, medium high, on the inverter input with a value on Blend 1 mode low 80 V with an error of 0.84%, Medium 90 V with error 0.84%, High 104 V with an error of 0.81%, in Blend 2 mode low 84 V with an error of 0.83%, Medium 86 V with a error of 0.85%, High 105 V with an error of 0.81%, the Cutting mode is low 162 V with an error of 2.88%, medium 172 V with an error of 3.03%, High 192 V with an error of 2.86%. The measurement shows an error of less than 1% for Blend 1 and Blend 2 modes while cutting is less than 3%. The results of this study can be implemented in order to minimize errors due to lack of power settings and mode selection during surgery.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERKONTRIBUSI PADA TECHNICAL DELAY PESAWAT BOEING 777-300ER DI PT. GMF AEROASIA TBK
Authors: Davirza Puri Alodia , Arifin Mufti , Franciscus Freddy 
Published: August 2020

Maskapai Garuda Indonesia Airlines merupakan maskapai penerbangan flag carrier BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara) dengan mengoperasikan sebanyak 144 pesawat untuk melayani rute domestik maupun rute internasional. Garuda Indonesia Airline mempercayakan perbaikan dan perawatan pesawat (maintenance), serta technical handling kepada PT. GMF AeroAsia, Tbk. Pada proses maintenance terdapat kemungkinan terjadinya technical delay yang mempengaruhi On Time Performance sebuah pesawat. Technical delay adalah keterlambatan penerbangan yang tidak sesuai dengan jadwal terjadi akibat penanganan teknik. Permasalahan dalam skripsi ini membahas faktor-faktor terjadinya technical delay yang mempengaruhi On Time Performance maskapai Garuda Indonesia Airline. Untuk memecahkan masalah ini dilakukan pengumpulan data technical delay dalam periode satu tahun selama 2018 dan analisis menggunakan metode Pareto untuk menemukan korelasi dan uji hasil hipotesis yang memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap On Time Performance disebabkan penanganan teknik yang tidak efektif dan efisien sebagai pemicu technical delay. Adapun hasil dari analisa data yang didapatkan 19 kali (52,78%) technical delay yang disebabkan oleh delay code 41, 9 kali (25%) technical delay yang disebabkan oleh delay code 43, dan 8 kali (22,22%) technical delay yang disebabkan oleh delay code 46 dari total jumlah technical delay sebanyak 36 kali sepanjang tahun 2018.
Analysis of the Marxist Theory on the Abolition of State: Its Implication to Nigeria Educational System
Authors: Ifeakor Chinedu , Odo Anselm Ikenna 
Published: August 2020

Certain factors necessitated man’s thinking especially, if it focuses on alteration of their desire and wants. It is on this, that some years back some philosophers propounded a theory which stated thus: the abolition of a state. The Marxist theory on the abolition of the state asserted that society’s classes are the cause of struggle and that society should have no classes. An example of Marxism is replacing private ownership with cooperative ownership. The researchers of this work will adopt an analytic method in order to find out if the theory should be a paradigm in the Nigeria education or not.
MODELS TO PREDICT SLOPE LENGTH FROM OTHER WATERSHED ATTRIBUTES
Authors: & Karim Mohammed 
Published: August 2020

Soil erosion by water is an extensive and increasing problem worldwide. Albeit, this problem has been recognized as a significant hazard in Iraq, yet the number of studies on this topic is very limited. Most of the models used for estimating soil erosion contain parameters for slope length factor (LS). A major constraint is the difficulty in extracting the LS factor. Accordingly, the current study was initiated with the main objective of deriving models to predict the slope length from relatively easy to measure basin characteristics with a reasonable accuracy. To achieve the above objective, standard methodologies were employed to describe 30 main basins with the upper part of Iraq in terms linear, areal and relief morphometric parameters. The majority of the delineated watersheds were characterized by having high slope lengths indicating lower drainage density and higher erosion rate. Linear and non-linear least squares techniques were applied to predict the slope length from other basin characteristics. Different indicators were used to test the performance of the proposed models and the approach was validated using K-fold procedure at independent basins. The results indicated that the 4-parameter regression model outperformed the remaining models of watershed slope length. The regressors of this model are bifurcation ratio, perimeter, and basin length and slope gradient.
STIMULATION GROWTH AND YIELD OF POTATO BY BUTTONWOOD PRUNNING RESIDUES AND SPRAYING SEVERAL MICRONUTRIENTS
Authors: & Al-Amri Al-Dulaimi 
Published: August 2020

This study was aimed to estimate the influence of Conocarpus erectus L. residues, and some micronutrients on growth and production of potato. This research was conducted at one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4X3X3) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. Conocarpus fertilizer was represented the first factor with three levels (7.5, 15, 30 ton.ha-1), which symbolized (C2, C3, C4). Mineral fertilizer as recommended dose as a control, which symbolized (C1). The second factor was foliar spraying with three levels of iron (0, 100, 200 mg.L-1), which symbolized (F0, F1, F2). The third factor is foliar spraying with three levels of boron (0, 50, 100 mg.L-1), which symbolized (B0, B1, B2). Results revealed that the treatments C1 and C3 produced significant results in most of studied traits such as, Leaves number (71.74, 82.26 leaves plant-1), leaves chlorophyll content (223.30, 174.11 mg 100g wet weight) and total yield (84.24, 51.98 ton h-1) for both seasons respectively, while C1 and C4 produced the most significant protein percent reached (7.53, 7.71%) respectively. The foliar application of Fe at F2 produced the highest results in leaves number (70.47, 80.18 leaves plant-1), protein percent (7.40, 7.55%) for both seasons respectively, Also the foliar application of Boron at B1 and B2 produced a significant results in leaves number (68.58, 78.71 leaves plant-1), total yield (48.47, 76.00 ton h-1), and protein percent (7.43, 7.49%) for both seasons respectively. Furthermore, the third order interaction at the treatment C3F2B2 produced the highest protein percent (7.78%) in spring season only.
DELIVERY ROUTE OF CHAMOMILE ON THE GROWTH AND SUBSEQUENT PHYSIOLOGY OF BROILER CHICKENS UNDER E. COLI CHALLENGE
Authors: & Beski Khishtan 
Published: August 2020

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels (5g/kg ,10 g/kg or litter) of chamomile flower in feed and water on performance and gut health of broiler chickens under E. coli challenge. A total of 480-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 12 treatments each replicated 4 times with 10 birds. Oral inoculation with E. coli was on days 8 and 9 of birds age. At day 10 and 35, the interaction (p<0.05) between the experimental factors decreased the feed intake in the challenged birds supplemented with chamomile. At day 10, unchallenged birds were heavier (p<0.05) than the challenged groups. Up to 35 days, birds on antibiotics (zinc bacitracin 360g/kg) and chamomile containing diets were heavier than other groups. The FCR improved in chamomile supplemented birds in both challenge conditions. Challenged birds had poorer FCR than unchallenged birds. The FCR improved in antibiotics and chamomile supplemented birds than those on control diets. The intestinal pH, serum lipid content decreased and serum protein profile improved by chamomile supplementation. The interaction of the experimental factors increased (p<0.0001) protein digestibility in the unchallenged birds supplemented with chamomile in their diets. Protein digestibility improved (p<0.001) in chamomile supplemented birds. The interaction of the experimental factors increased fat digestibility (p<0.0001) in the challenged birds on the lower level of dietary chamomile. Fat digestibility was higher (p<0.0001) but protein digestibility and villi were lower in the challenged birds than unchallenged groups. Longer villi were observed in the unchallenged birds on the lower level of chamomile in their drinking water and those on the highest level of dietary chamomile
DNA FINGERINTS OF TILAPIA SPECIES IN SHATT AL-AREB RIVER USING RAPD MARKERS
Authors: & et al. Faddagh 
Published: August 2020

In the last decade, tilapia fish species distributed in the Iraqi inland waters. Three species; Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Blue tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner, 1864) and Redbelly tilapia Coptedon zillii (Gervais, 1848) inhibiting Shatt Al-Arab River. They belong to family Cichlidae. They are very similar to differentiate among them using biometry. So, genetic markers used for species discrimination. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol used to examine genetic variation and to generate DNA fingerprints of tilapia fish species in Shatt Al-Arab River. Sixty-two specimens of tilapia fish collected from Shatt Al-Arab River at the governorate of Basrah. Seven universal decamer primers selected (OPA08, OPA10, OPA13, OPA17, OPA19, OPB08 and OPC02) to create RAPD DNA fingerprint. RAPD-PCR amplification carried out and electrophoresed with 100 bp ladder. DNA bands scored and molecular weight was calculated using PhotocaptMW software. Analog histogram drew using MS-Excel. The three RAPD DNA profiles apparently were different. DNA bands scored in the three species were 67 bands. The size of DNA bands was ranged from 64 bp to 2344 bp. RAPD fingerprints were efficient to distinguish the three species of tilapia fish. DNA markers of the three species of tilapia fish can use to achieve conservation programs of fish species in the future.
DIETARY REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL BY TOASTED SUNFLOWER SEEDMEAL IN THE DIET OF Clarias gariepinus: EFFECT ON GROWTH, BODY COMPOSITION, DIGESTIBILITY, HAEMATOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE LIVER.
Authors: Jimoh Wasiu Adeyemi 
Published: August 2020

Dietary replacement of soybean meal by toasted sunflower meal in Clarias gariepinus diet was investigated in a 56-day feeding trial using growth, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was toasted at 2040C for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Control diet consist of soybean meal which was replaced by differently toasted sunflower seed meal at a rate 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were assigned to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (4.97±0.42g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish were fed to satiation. Data generated from the experiment were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. The results of the experiment revealed that up to 30% replacement level of the differently toasted sunflower had a statistically similar results with soybean-based control diets using growth, body composition, digestibility and haematology as indices. Liver histology however show that massive fatty infiltration recorded in the liver of fish fed TSF145 and TSF 345 and diffuse vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and kupffer cell hyperplasia observed in the liver of fish fed TSF245 and TSF330.
MEASURING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND TOTAL PRODUCTIVITY OF RESOURCE AND THE TECHNICAL CHANGE OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES IN IRAQ USING SFA AND DEA FOR THE PERIOD 2005-2017
Authors: & Lafta Ali 
Published: August 2020

The research aims to measure the economic efficiency and technological change and the total productivity of resources using the parameter and non-parameter methods, for agricultural companies registered in the Iraqi stock exchange, the number of 6 companies for the period from 2005 to 2017 based on the hypothesis that the agricultural companies do not achieve economic efficiency and does not control the management of its operations, and It may be technically efficient but the size of its operations is not optimal. From non-parametric methods, the data envelope analysis method was used. Using the DEAP program, the Middle East Company achieved the highest average technical and cost efficiency of 0.62 and 0.58, respectively. The Iraqi seed production company achieved the highest average efficiency of 0.66. Using Al- Malmquist Index, the National Company for Agricultural Production achieved the highest rate of change in the total productivity of resources and the highest change in the technical efficiency respectively 1.97 and 2.28, while the Modern company for agricultural production obtained the highest technological change averaging 1.14. A stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) technique was used; logarithmic TL function was estimated using FRONT software. The maximum likelihood method (ML) shows that the capital was increased by 1%, the value of production of companies will increase by 0.22% because it helps to take advantage of the advanced technology that these companies are supposed to work to localize and support the agricultural sector. The cross-elasticity between labor and capital was 0.67 which indicates the nature of the substitution relationship between the two items, because using the technology reduces the workers. The value of sigma-squared was 0.21.
ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
Authors: & et al. Othman 
Published: August 2020

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield, rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1, 39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.
MICROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF Ascaridia spp. IN DOMESTIC PIGEONS(Columba livia domestica) IN BAGHDAD CITY,IRAQ
Authors: & Al- Amery Faraj 
Published: August 2020

Ascaridiosis is a very important parasitic disease of birds, it is caused by Ascaridia. This study was conducted to identify the Ascaridia species by microscopic and molecular assay in Baghdad city. One hundred and sixty fecal samples were collected from domestic pigeons during the period from 1/1/ 2019 to 31/3/ 2019. Results showed that the rate of infection for Ascaridia spp. 15.62% by microscopic examination. Significant difference was observed in infection rates between males and females pigeons. Fifty samples randomly selected and subjected to molecular diagnosis of Ascaridia spp.. Molecular examination results, the total infection rate showed 16%(8/50). The eight positive PCR products were sequenced and deposited in Gene bank data base, phylogenic analysis demonstrated that 4 sequences belongs to Ascaridia galli ( MK918635.1, MK918636.1, MK918847.1, MK919081.1), while 2 (MK919199.1, MK919200.1) belong to Ascaridia nymphii and 2 (MK919207.1, MK919264.1) belong to Ascaridia numidae. It is the first study in Iraq to diagnosis of Ascaridia nymphii and Ascaridia numidae in domesticed pigeons by using conventional PCR.
EFFECT OF PETROLUME REFINERY WASTEWATER ON PLANT GROWTH IN INTEGRATED MICROBIAL FUEL CELL-CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS SYSTEMS
Authors: & Ismail Hussain 
Published: August 2020

Three identically designed microbial fuel cell-constructed wetland (MFC-CW) systems were constructed and setup in this study for simultaneous biotreatment of petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) and bioelectricity generation. MFC-CW1 and MFC-CW2 were planted with Canna indica, and Phragmites australis, respectively. MFC-CW3 was unplanted and considered as the control. These three systems were operated simultaneously in a batch mode for two cycles to evaluate the effect of PRW biotreatment on the growth and development of the selected plants and the potential of generated bioelectricity as well. The operation period for each cycle was 8 days. Results demonstrated that maximum removal efficiency of the organic content represented as chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 98.75%, 97.67%, and 97.83% observed in MFC-CW1, MFC-CW2, and MFC-CW3, respectively, whereby, the highest power generation were 19.86, 19.04, and 18.7 mW/m2, respectively. On the other hand, both types of plants exhibited notable growth and new sprouts appearance. The potential convergence of the results in the three MFC-CWs, and the healthy growth of both types of plants clearly and potentially indicated that the dominant mechanism of organic pollutant removal was via biodegradation process by the anodic biofilm in the MFC rather than being removed by phytoremediation process.
Evaluation of the response levels of non-metastatic thyroid cancer patients in the postoperative twelfth month
Authors: Atılgan Hasan İkbal , Yalçın Hülya 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Radioactive iodine (RAI) is used to ablate residual thyroid tissue after total thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response according to the12th-month results of thyroid cancer patients and to investigate the changes in response level during follow-up.
Materials and Methods: The study included 97 patients, comprising 88 (90.7%) females and 9 (9.3%) males, with a mean age of 41.68±13.25 years. None of the patients had lymph node or distant metastasis and all received RAI therapy. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (TG), and anti-TG levels and neck USG were examined in the 12th-month. Response to therapy was evaluated as an excellent response, biochemical incomplete response, structural incomplete response, or indeterminate response.
Results: In the 12th month, 80 patients (82.47%) had excellent response, 13 patients (13.40%) had an indeterminate response, 3 patients (3.09%) had structural incomplete response and 1 patient (1.03 %) had biochemical incomplete response. Of the 80 patients with excellent response, 15 had no follow-up after the 12th month. The remaining 65 patients were followed up for 31.11±9.58 months. The response changed to indeterminate in the 18th month in 1 (1.54%) patient and to structural incomplete response in the 35th month in 1 (1.54%) patient. The 13 patients with indeterminate responses were followed up for 20.61±6.28 months.
Conclusion: The TG level at 12th months provides accurate data about the course of the disease especially in patients with excellent responses. Patients with excellent response in the 12th month may be followed up less often and those with the indeterminate or incomplete responses should be followed up more often.
Inflammatory and oxidative alterations of water immersion and epidural analgesia during the labor
Authors: Sert Ümit Yasemin , Uzunlar Özlem , Kadıoğlu Nezaket , Candar Tuba , Üstün Yaprak Engin 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Water immersion and epidural analgesia are both pain relief methods used to perceive less pain during the labor process. There are concerns about the maternal and fetal outcomes, although studies presented no significant complication directly related to these methods. We aimed to compare the IL-1 and 6 levels, Total serum oxidant (TOS), antioxidant (TAS) and catalase levels of births with epidural analgesia, water immersion and conventional birth without analgesia.
Material and Methods: A total of 88 patients were included in the study (The water immersion group included 29 patients, while the epidural analgesia and control group included 30 and 29 patients respectively). Umblical cord IL-1, IL-6, catalase, TAS, TOS levels, neonatal Apgar scores, duration of birth process and demographic data were compared between three groups
Results: There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of age, Body mass index (BMI), gravidity, parity, gestational week, and birth weight (p>0.05). TOS and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in epidural group than others (p=0.031, p=0.019 respectively). Apgar scores were significantly lower in epidural group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The water immersion and epidural analgesia were found to have no adverse effect on oxidative status and infection parameters of women.