bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of C4 carbon fixation in Ulva prolifera, the macroalga responsible for the world’s largest green tides
Authors: Liu Dongyan , Ma Qian , Valiela Ivan , Anderson Donald M. , Keesing John K. , Gao Kunshan , Zhen Yu , Sun Xiyan , Wang Yujue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost marine algae preferentially assimilate CO2 via the Calvin-Benson Cycle (C3) and catalyze HCO3− dehydration via carbonic anhydrase (CA) as a CO2-compensatory mechanism, but certain species utilize the Hatch-Slack Cycle (C4) to enhance photosynthesis. The occurrence and importance of the C4 pathway remains uncertain, however. Here, we demonstrate that carbon fixation in Ulva prolifera, a species responsible for massive green tides, involves a combination of C3 and C4 pathways, and a CA-supported HCO3− mechanism. Analysis of CA and key C3 and C4 enzymes, and subsequent analysis of δ13C photosynthetic products showed that the species assimilates CO2 predominately via the C3 pathway, uses HCO3− via the CA mechanism at low CO2 levels, and takes advantage of high irradiance using the C4 pathway. This active and multi-faceted carbon acquisition strategy is advantageous for the formation of massive blooms, as thick floating mats are subject to intense surface irradiance and CO2 limitation.
Facile synthesis of ultrahigh fluorescence N,S-self-doped carbon nanodots and their multiple applications for H2S sensing, bioimaging in live cells and zebrafish, and anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Du Fangfang , Guo Zhonghui , Cheng Zhe , Kremer Marius , Shuang Shaomin , Liu Yang , Dong Chuan 
Published: September 2020

Illustration of the synthesis of N,S-self-doped CNDs and their multiple applications for H2S sensor, bioimaging in live cells and zebrafish, and anticounterfeiting.
Long non-coding RNA PSMA3-AS1 enhances cell proliferation, migration and invasion by regulating miR-302a-3p/RAB22A in glioma
Authors: Zhou Li-li , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yan-zhen , Sun Mei-fen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent solid tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). Recently, it has been indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) substantially adjust the development of a variety of human cancers. In the present study, it was found and verified via microarray analysis that lncRNA PSMA3-AS1 exhibited a high expression in glioma tissues and cell lines. Then CCK-8, 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining, plate clone assay, Transwell assay, Western blotting and nude mouse model were adopted to verify PSMA3-AS1’s effects on glioma. Knockdown of PSMA3-AS1 inhibited the migration, proliferation and invasion of glioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Besides, PSMA3-AS1 bound to miR-302a-3p directly reduced the expression of miR-302a-3p, thus functioning as an endogenous sponge confirmed by luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics analysis. PSMA3-AS1 knockdown remarkably enhanced the role of miR-302a-3p overexpression in cell behaviors in glioma. Moreover, these assays also confirmed that RAB22A was a target of miR-302a-3p. In this research, therefore, the PSMA3-AS1/miR-302a-3p/RAB22A pathway regulatory axis may be revealed in the pathogenesis of glioma, and PSMA3-AS1 can be used as an underlying target for the treatment and prognosis of glioma.
Preprocedural circulating galectin-3 and the risk of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Hong-liang , Song Guang-yuan , Zhao Jie , Wang Yu-bin , Wang Mo-yang , Xu Yan-lu , Wang Bin-cheng , Niu Guan-nan , Liu Zhi-hong , Wu Yong-jian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Galectin-3 may predict mortality for patients with aortic stenosis (AS) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the results were inconsistent. We aimed to evaluate the association between baseline galectin and mortality after TAVR in a meta-analysis.
Methods: Related follow-up studies were obtained by systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane’s Library, and Embase databases. Both the fixed- and the random-effect models were used for the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on the outcome.
Results: Five prospective cohort studies with 854 patients were included, with a follow-up period between 1 and 1.9 years. Patients with higher baseline circulating galectin-3 had an increased risk of all-cause mortality after TAVR (random-effects model: risk ratio [RR]: 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–2.23, P=0.002; fixed-effects model: RR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.19–2.20, P=0.002; I2 = 4%). Adjustment of estimated glomerular filtration rate (RR: 1.73, P=0.02) or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-terminal pro-BNP (RR: 1.83, P=0.02) did not significantly affect the result. A trend of stronger association between higher baseline circulating galectin-3 and increased risk of all-cause mortality after TAVR was observed in studies with an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA) (RR: 3.04, P=0.003) compared with those with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (RR: 1.42, P=0.04; P for subgroup difference =0.06).
Conclusion: Higher circulating galectin-3 before the procedure may predict all-cause mortality of AS patients after TAVR.
Prophylactic hemoclips in prevention of delayed post-polypectomy bleeding for ≥ 1 cm colorectal polyps: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kamal Faisal , Khan Muhammad A. , Khan Salman , Marella Hemnishil K. , Nelson Tamara , Khan Zubair , Ahmad Dina , Tombazzi Claudio , Ismail Mohammad K. , Howden Colin W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and aim Studies evaluating the role of prophylactic hemoclips (HC) in prevention of delayed post-polypectomy bleeding (DPPB) have reported conflicting results. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the role of prophylactic HC placement in prevention of DPPB for polyps ≥ 1 cm in size.
Methods We reviewed several databases to identify RCTs evaluating the role of HC in prevention of DPPB. The outcomes assessed included prevention of DPPB with polyps 1 to 1.9 cm, ≥ 2 cm, any polyp ≥ 1 cm, proximal colon polyps, distal colon polyps, and perforation. We analyzed data using a fixed effect model and reported summary pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). We assessed heterogeneity with the I2 statistic.
Results We included nine RCTs with 4550 patients. For polyps ≥ 2 cm, there was a statistically significantly lower risk of DPPB with use of HC; RR 0.55, 95 % CI 0.36, 0.86. There was also a statistically significantly lower risk for proximal colon polyps ≥ 2 cm; RR 0.41 (0.24, 0.70) but no significant difference for distal polyps; RR 1.23 (0.45, 3.32). There was also no significant difference in risk for polyps 1 to 1.9 cm; RR 1.07 (0.59, 1.97). There was no significant reduction in risk of perforation with HC use for any polyp size.
Conclusions Prophylactic HC placement is effective in prevention of DPPB from proximal colon polyps ≥ 2 cm, but of no significant benefit for polyps 1 to 1.9 cm in size or for distal colon polyps ≥ 2 cm.
Shuntpunktion
Authors: Spindler Beate 
Published: September 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDialyseshunts werden weltweit am häufigsten mit Stahlkanülen punktiert. Pflegepersonal in der Dialyse besitzen Kenntnisse über Dialysekanülen und große Fertigkeiten in der Punktion von Dialyseshunts. Der Shuntkatheter („fistula catheter“), umgangssprachlich als Plastikkanüle bezeichnet, stellt eine wichtige Variante zu herkömmlichen Punktionskanülen dar. Indikationen sind eine gelenknahe Punktion, unruhige Patienten oder tief liegende Shuntvenen. Für die sichere Anwendung von Shuntkathetern sind ausreichend theoretisches Wissen und praktische Kenntnisse erforderlich.
Risk factors associated with bleeding after prophylactic endoscopic variceal ligation in cirrhosis
Authors: Drolz Andreas , Schramm Christoph , Seiz Oliver , Groth Stefan , Vettorazzi Eik , Horvatits Thomas , Wehmeyer Malte H. , Schramm Christoph , Goeser Tobias , Roesch Thomas , Lohse Ansgar W. , Kluwe Johannes 
Published: September 2020

Background Prophylactic endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVL) is frequently performed in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of our study was to identify factors associated with early upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in cirrhosis patients after prophylactic EVL.
Methods 787 nonemergency EVLs performed in 444 patients in two German University medical centers were analyzed retrospectively.
Results Within 30 days after EVL, 38 UGIBs were observed (4.8 % of all procedures). Bilirubin levels (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.0 for a 2-fold increase) and presence of varices grade III/IV according to Paquet (HR 2.6, 95 %CI 1.3–5.0 compared with absence or smaller sized varices) were independently associated with UGIB following EVL. International normalized ratio (INR) was associated with bleeding events in the univariate analysis but did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for bilirubin and presence of varices grade III/IV (HR 1.2, 95 %CI 0.9–1.6 for an increase by 0.25). There was no statistically significant association between platelet count or fibrinogen levels and UGIB. Substitution of coagulation products did not affect incidence of bleeding after EVL, which also applied to patients with “coagulopathy” (INR > 1.5 and/or platelet count < 50 × 109/L). No association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and post-EVL UGIB was observed.
Conclusions EVL is a safe procedure and immediate bleeding complications are rare. Serum bilirubin levels and size of varices, rather than coagulation indices, are associated with UGIB after EVL. Our data do not support the preventive substitution of blood or coagulation products.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Tetanus at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Mondkar Shruti A. , Tullu Milind S. , Deshmukh Chandrahas T. , SrinivasaRangan Ramya , Agrawal Mukesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aims and objectives of this study were to study clinical profile and factors affecting mortality in tetanus. This was a retrospective study of 25 tetanus patients (aged 6 months–12 years) admitted to pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary center (over 3 years). In this study, 25 tetanus cases (mean age 6.6 years) were analyzed; 16 were males and 9 were females. Incubation period ranged from 2 to 30 days (mean 8.2 days), period of onset from 11 to 120 hours (mean 42.8 hours), and duration of spasms from 4 to 26 days (mean 14 days). The commonest portal of entry was posttrauma (52%), followed by otogenic (40%). Eighteen patients had moderate and 7 had severe tetanus. Fifteen were unimmunized and 10 were partially immunized. The commonest complaints were trismus and spasms (100%), hypertonia (72%), fever (60%), dysphagia (48%), and neck stiffness (44%). Eight patients required primary tracheostomy and 11 required primary endotracheal intubation. Complications encountered were pneumonia (58%), conjunctivitis (41%), gastrointestinal bleed (37.5%), urinary infection (33%), acute kidney injury (AKI) following rhabdomyolysis (33%), sepsis (29%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (25%), bedsores (25%), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (20%). Oral diazepam was most commonly used, followed by midazolam, vecuronium, and magnesium sulfate. Mortality rate was 32% (five moderate and three severe cases died). Short period of onset (less than 48 hours), AKI following rhabdomyolysis, sepsis, DIC, ARDS, and inotrope need were significantly associated with higher mortality. It is concluded that the commonest portal of entry was posttrauma. None of the patients was completely immunized. Short period of onset, AKI, sepsis, DIC, ARDS, and inotrope need predicted a higher mortality.
The Vascular Basis of the Pronator Quadratus Muscle Flap and Its Use in Clinical Cases
Authors: Thomas Binu P. , Kiran Sasi P. , Tang Maolin , Geddes Christopher R. , Morris Steven F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Pronator quadratus (PQ) is a deeply situated muscle in the forearm which may occasionally be utilized for soft-tissue reconstruction. The purpose of this anatomical and clinical study was to confirm vascular supply of PQ muscle (PQM) in order to optimize its transfer and confirm its utility in clinical situations.
Methods In Part A of the anatomical study, fresh human cadavers (n = 7) were prepared with an intra-arterial injection of lead oxide and gelatin solution, and PQM and neurovascular pedicle were dissected (n = 14). In the anatomical study Part B, isolated limbs of embalmed human cadavers (n = 12) were injected with India ink-gelatin mixture and PQ were dissected.
Results PQ is a type II muscle flap, with one major pedicle, the anterior interosseous (AI) vessels and two minor pedicles from the radial and ulnar vessels. The mean dimensions of the muscle were 5.5 × 5.0 × 1.0 cm3, mean pedicle length was 9.6 cm, and the mean diameter of the artery and the vein was 2.3 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively. The dorsal cutaneous perforating branch (DPB) of the artery supplied the skin over the dorsal forearm and wrist. This branch also anastomosed with the 1, 2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (ICSRA).
Conclusion This study confirms the potential utility and vascular basis of the PQM flap and its associated cutaneous paddle.In the clinical part, two patients with nonhealing wounds exposing the median nerve and flexor tendons in the distal forearm were treated using the PQM flap with good results.
Providing Support for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Health Care Professionals: A Bereavement Debriefing Program
Authors: Hawes Katheleen , Goldstein Justin , Vessella Sharon , Tucker Richard , Lechner Beatrice E. 
Published: September 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate formal bereavement debriefing sessions after infant death on neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) staff.
Study Design Prospective mixed methods study. Pre- and postbereavement debriefing intervention surveys were sent to clinical staff. Evaluation surveys were distributed to participants after each debriefing session. Notes on themes were taken during each session.
Results More staff attended sessions (p < 0.0001) and attended more sessions (p < 0.0001) during the postdebriefing intervention epoch compared with the predebriefing epoch. Stress levels associated with the death of a patient whose family the care provider have developed a close relationship with decreased (p = 0.0123). An increased number of debriefing session participants was associated with infant age at the time of death (p = 0.03). Themes were (1) family and provider relationships, (2) evaluation of the death, (3) team cohesion, (4) caring for one another, and (5) emotional impact.
Conclusion Bereavement debriefings for NICU staff reduced the stress of caring for dying infants and contributed to staff well-being.
Key Points
X-ray transform on Sobolev spaces
Authors: Sharafutdinov Vladimir A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The x-ray transform I integrates a function f on

R

n

over lines:

(

I
f

)

(

x
,
ξ

)

=
∫

−
∞

∞

f

(

x
+
t
ξ

)

d
t

. The range characterization of the x-ray transform on the Schwartz space is well known, the main ingredient of the characterization is some system of second order differential equations that are called John’s equations. The Reshetnyak formula equates the norm

‖
f

‖

H

s

(

R

n

)

to some special norm of If, it was also known before. We prove a new version of the Reshetnyak formula that involves first order derivatives of If with respect to the ξ-variable. On using the latter formula, we obtain the range characterization of the x-ray transform on Sobolev spaces.
Nanoscale patterning at the Si/SiO2/graphene interface by focused He+ beam
Authors: Böttcher Artur , Schwaiger Ruth , Pazdera Tobias M , Exner Daniela , Hauns Jakob , Strelnikov Dmitry , Lebedkin Sergei , Gröger Roland , Esch Friedrich , Lechner Barbara A J , Kappes Manfred M 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have studied the capability of He+ focused ion beam (He+-FIB) patterning to fabricate defect arrays on the Si/SiO2/Graphene interface using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman imaging to probe damage zones. In general, an amorphized ‘blister’ region of cylindrical symmetry results upon exposing the surface to the stationary focused He+ beam. The topography of the amorphized region depends strongly on the ion dose, DS
, (ranging from 103 to 107ions/spot) with craters and holes observed at higher doses. Furthermore, the surface morphology depends on the distance between adjacent irradiated spots, LS
. Increasing the dose leads to (enhanced) subsurface amorphization and a local height increase relative to the unexposed regions. At the highest areal ion dose, the average height of a patterned area also increases as ∼1/LS
. Correspondingly, in optical micrographs, the µm2-sized patterned surface regions change appearance. These phenomena can be explained by implantation of the He+ ions into the subsurface layers, formation of helium nanobubbles, expansion and modification of the dielectric constant of the patterned material. The corresponding modifications of the terminating graphene monolayer have been monitored by micro Raman imaging. At low ion doses, DS
, the graphene becomes modified by carbon atom defects which perturb the 2D lattice (as indicated by increasing D/G Raman mode ratio). Additional x-ray photoionization spectroscopy (XPS) measurements allow us to infer that for moderate ion doses, scattering of He+ ions by the subsurface results in the oxidation of the graphene network. For largest doses and smallest LS
values, the He+ beam activates extensive Si/SiO2/C bond rearrangement and a multicomponent material possibly comprising SiC and silicon oxycarbides, SiOC, is observed. We also infer parameter ranges for He+-FIB patterning defect arrays of potential use for pinning transition metal nanoparticles in model studies of heterogeneous catalysis.
Virtual reality simulation of epiretinal stimulation highlights the relevance of the visual angle in prosthetic vision
Authors: Thorn Jacob Thomas , Migliorini Enrico , Ghezzi Diego 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. Retinal prostheses hold the potential for artificial vision in blind patients suffering from outer retinal dystrophies. The optimal number, density and coverage of the electrodes that a retinal prosthesis should have to provide adequate artificial vision in daily activities is still an open question and an important design parameter needed to develop better implants. Approach. To address this question, we investigated the interaction between the visual angle, the pixel number and the pixel density without being limited by a small electrode count. We implemented prosthetic vision in a virtual reality environment in order to simulate the real-life experience of using a retinal prosthesis. We designed four different tasks simulating: object recognition, word reading, perception of a descending step and crossing a street. Main results. The results of our study showed that in all the tasks the visual angle played the most significant role in improving the performance of the participant. Significance. The design of new retinal prostheses should take into account the relevance of the restored visual angle to provide a helpful and valuable visual aid to profoundly or totally blind patients.
Retreating winter and strengthening autumn Mediterranean influence on extreme precipitation in the Southwestern Alps over the last 60 years
Authors: Blanchet Juliette , Creutin Jean-Dominique , Blanc Antoine 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article analyzes the large-scale circulations producing daily precipitation extremes in the Southwestern Alps and their trends from 1958 to 2017. We consider a high-resolution precipitation data set of 1 × 1 km2 and the weather patterns associated to the precipitation seasonal maxima at each grid point. The high-resolution allows us to analyze in details the atmospheric influences triggering seasonal maxima. Four influences are considered—the Atlantic influence, the Mediterranean influence, the northeast circulation and the Anticyclonic situation. We show that influences on maxima are very well organized in space but their organization depends on the season. Maxima are very mainly triggered by two types of influences in the region—the Atlantic influence and the Mediterranean influence. Trends in weather patterns producing maxima are also organized in space, with opposite trends for the Atlantic and the Mediterranean influences. The Mediterranean influence retreated very significantly over the period in winter and spring, while the Atlantic influence significantly extended further south. In autumn the Mediterranean influence strengthened where it was already dominant.
Fluence and wavelength dependent ultrafast differential transmission dynamics in graphene
Authors: Gatamov Rustam , Baydin Andrey , Krzyzanowska Halina , Tolk Norman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We performed degenerate pump-probe transmission measurements of graphene supported on glass for a range of pump fluences that enable us to observe both positive and negative deferential transmission dynamics. Our results show that at an intermediate pump fluence, where a transition from negative to positive response occurs, the differential transmission dynamics is an order of magnitude faster than at higher and lower pump fluences. This effect can be explained by equal contributions of inter- and intraband transitions with opposite signs to the transient optical conductivity of graphene at an intermediate pump fluence. Moreover, the intermediate threshold pump fluence is shown to increase with decreasing probe energy, which is in agreement with the theoretical model. Furthermore, we show that the relaxation time of the electronic temperature increases monotonically over the range of fluences studied. In perspective, this work is of importance to graphene-based opto-electronic applications such as light modulators.
Finite element analysis of load-carrying capacity of single lap joints bonded with epoxy/nanoalumina adhesives
Authors: Bharti Anurag , Gupta Sunil Kumar , Shukla Dharmendra Kumar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Influence of alumina nanoparticles in the epoxy adhesive on the load-carrying capacity of single lap joints was investigated using the finite element method. Nanocomposite adhesives were modelled by reinforcing randomly distributed spherical shaped (at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) and rod-shaped (at 0.5 and 1.0 wt.%) alumina nanoparticles in the epoxy. 2D finite element was used to discretise the domain of single lap joint comprising nanocomposite adhesives. The load-carrying capacity of single lap joints bonded with nanocomposite adhesive comprising 1.5 wt.% of nanospheres and 1.0 wt.% of nanorods was 58% and 51% more than that of joints with neat adhesive, respectively. The distribution of von-Mises stress, shear stress and peel stress at adherend/adhesive layer interface along the overlap length of the joint was analysed.