bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for complete recovery of adults after weaning from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure: an analysis from adult patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry
Authors: Yeo Hye Ju , Kim Yun Seong , Kim Dohyung ,   ELSO Registry Committee, Cho Woo Hyun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been widely used, the patient quality of life following ECMO termination has become an important issue as same as the patient’s survival. To date, the factors affecting complete recovery of adult survivors from ECMO have not been investigated.MethodsData from adult patients in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry who received veno-venous ECMO between 2012 and 2017 were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsIn total, 6536 patients with 242,183 days of veno-venous ECMO were reviewed. The overall survival to discharge rate after weaning from ECMO was 89.7% (n= 5861), and 10.3% (n= 675) of the patients died during hospitalization. The discharge location varied as follows: 33.7% (n= 1976) returned home, 23.4% (n= 1369) were transferred to a referral hospital, 41.8% (n= 2447) required hospital services, and 0.6% (n= 36) were discharged to other places. The patients were divided into two groups according to the discharge location: a complete recovery group (n= 1976) and a partial recovery group (n= 3885). In the multivariate analyses, age (≥ 65 years) (odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–0.87,p= 0.001), cardiac arrest before ECMO (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96,p= 0.021), vasopressor use (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64–0.83,p< 0.001), renal replacement therapy (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.28–0.57,p< 0.001), ECMO-related complications (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.85,p< 0.001), and long-term ECMO support (≥ 2 weeks) (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.37–0.48,p< 0.001) were significantly associated with complete recovery.ConclusionComplete recovery after veno-venous ECMO support is associated with the patient’s baseline condition, ECMO duration, and ECMO-related complications. Respiratory ECMO should aim to increase both the survival and the quality of life after weaning from ECMO.
Influence of culture conditions on the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Silva Mariana B. F. , Azero Edwin G. , Teixeira Cláudia M. L. L. , Andrade Cristina T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractArthrospira platensis is a cyanobacterium that is of great biotechnological interest, particularly for the food industry, as it possesses a high content of proteins, pigments, lipids and carbohydrates. Cyanobacteria produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are co-products of secondary metabolism that present thickening or gelling properties. A 3-level factorial design was used to study the combined effect of different nitrate concentrations and photon flux density (PFD) values to evaluate the biomass and EPS production of A. platensis. The best result in terms of biomass production was obtained under condition 6 (2 g L−1 NaNO3 and 600 μE m−2 s−1) yielding a concentration of 1.292 g L−1. However, condition 1 (0.25 g L−1 NaNO3 and 200 μE m−2 s−1) produced the greatest EPS yield (111 mg g−1), followed by condition 9 (2 g L−1 NaNO3 and 1000 μE m−2 s−1). FTIR analyses of EPS samples indicated the presence of carboxylate and sulfate functional groups, and rheological studies of the EPS at 5 and 10 g L−1 revealed a dilute solution behavior.
Variations in the natural 13C and 15N abundance of plants and soils under long-term N addition and precipitation reduction: interpretation of C and N dynamics
Authors: Yan Guoyong , Han Shijie , Zhou Mingxin , Sun Wenjing , Huang Binbin , Wang Honglin , Xing Yajuan , Wang Qinggui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The nitrogen isotope natural abundance (δ15N) provides integrated information on ecosystem N dynamics, and carbon isotope natural abundance (δ13C) has been used to infer how water-using processes of plants change in terrestrial ecosystems. However, how δ13C and δ15N abundances in plant life and soils respond to N addition and water availability change is still unclear. Thus, δ13C and δ15N abundances in plant life and soils were used to investigate the effects of long-time (10 years) N addition (+ 50 kg N·ha− 1·yr− 1) and precipitation reduction (− 30% of throughfall) in forest C and N cycling traits in a temperate forest in northern China.

Results
We analyzed the δ13C and δ15N values of dominant plant foliage, litterfall, fungal sporophores, roots, and soils in the study. The results showed that δ15N values of foliage, litterfall, and surface soil layer’s (0–10 cm) total N were significantly increased by N addition, while δ15N values of fine roots and coarse roots were considerably decreased. Nitrogen addition also significantly increased the δ13C value of fine roots and total N concentration of the surface soil layer compared with the control. The C concentration, δ13C, and δ15N values of foliage and δ15N values of fine roots were significantly increased by precipitation reduction, while N concentration of foliage and litterfall significantly decreased. The combined effects of N addition and precipitation reduction significantly increased the δ13C and δ15N values of foliage as well as the δ15N values of fine roots and δ13C values of litterfall. Furthermore, foliar δ15N values were significantly correlated with foliage δ13C values, surface soil δ15N values, surface soil C concentration, and N concentrations. Nitrogen concentrations and δ13C values of foliage were significantly correlated with δ15N values and N concentrations of fine roots.

Conclusions
This indicates that plants increasingly take up the heavier 15N under N addition and the heavier 13C and 15N under precipitation reduction, suggesting that N addition and precipitation reduction may lead to more open forest ecosystem C and N cycling and affect plant nutrient acquisition strategies.
Regeneration patterns of key pine species in a mixed-pine forest indicate a positive effect of variable retention harvesting and an increase in recruitment with time
Authors: Nyamai Priscilla A. , Goebel P. Charles , Gregory Corace R. , Hix David M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany fire-dependent forests have experienced significant declines in species, structural, and functional diversity. These changes are attributed in part to traditional management approaches that were dominated by even-aged regeneration methods such as clearcutting. Variable retention harvesting (VRH) is an ecologically based forestry practice that involves retention of some mature overstory trees and other biological structures in the postharvest stand to emulate the effects of natural disturbance events. In this study, we examined the effect of a VRH treatment on recruitment of historically dominant pine species and understory vegetation two- and six years after its implementation in a naturally regenerated mixed pine forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA.ResultsWe found greater regeneration of red pine (Pinus resinosaL.) and eastern white pine (Pinus strobusL.) in VRH stands compared to the unharvested controls. Although red pine recruitment was very low during the first 2 years, both species increased significantly from year two to year six. Recruitment responses for the two species did not differ significantly between the aggregated and dispersed retention treatments. We also found high recruitment of deciduous tree species, consisting primarily of sprouts, and red pine exhibited a negative correlation with these sprouts. Treatment, time, and the interaction of treatment and time were significant factors in red pine recruitment. Time had a strong effect on the understory vegetation, with significant decreases in shrubs and ferns over time.ConclusionsThe results suggest that VRH enhanced recruitment of red pine and eastern white pine and that this recruitment increased with time. We identify competition from sprouts and unfavorable seedbed conditions as the main factors that limited recruitment of red pine during the first 2 years. To reduce competing vegetation and improve seedbed conditions, we suggest following the VRH with a prescribed fire, mechanically removing sprouts, and implementing herbicide treatments. At a time when changes in global climate exacerbates the effects of traditional drivers of forest degradation, and with the need to maintain biodiversity, new ecologically based forest practices such VRH have the potential to facilitate regeneration of native trees and enhance the resilience of many fire-dependent forests.
Hybrid identity and practices to negotiate belonging: Madrid’s Muslim youth of migrant origin
Authors: Boland Colleen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA qualitative case study of self-identifying Muslim youth of migrant origin in Madrid sought to understand how they formulated identity and employed real cultural practices in navigating belonging. The majority of these youth drew from the so-called “1.5” and “second” generations, and expressed a hyphenated or hybrid identity: they combined one or several aspects of religious, cultural or ethnic identity alongside an identification with Spain or Madrid. As such, these layered and complex identities could indicate attachment to community of residence. Hybridity was also manifested in behaviours, with participants demonstrating multiple language use, as well as variegated cultural or religious practice. Moreover, in negotiating inclusion and belonging, some argued for their rights to express these plural identities and engage in diverse cultural practices, particularly when such rights were perceived as denied. This paper primarily contends that participants leveraged hybrid identities in representing themselves and finding common ground: they maintained attachments to Madrid or Spain alongside their minority identification and diverse cultural practices, or incorporated these practices in engaging with their communities. It furthermore observes that despite perceived experiences of discrimination, this population’s claims to membership and respect for individual rights reflected an understanding of citizenship based in participation and recognition of difference, raising questions as to the impact of past or future citizenship policy and education.
Mid-spatial frequency error generation mechanisms and prevention strategies for the grinding process
Authors: Pohl Mario , Kukso Olga , Boerret Rainer , Rascher Rolf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe research presented in this paper is focused on the link between manufacturing parameters and the resulting mid-spatial frequency error in the manufacturing process of precision optics. The goal is to understand the generation mechanisms of mid-spatial frequency errors and avoid their appearance in the manufacturing process. Also, a simulation which is able to predict the resulting mid-spatial frequency error from a manufacturing process is developed and verified.
Coil embolization of a thoracic aorta hematoma with branch artery pseudoaneurysm – case report
Authors: Szabo Lorant , Reyes del Castillo Tomas , Benz David , Roos J. , Seelos Robert , Lopez-Benitez Ruben 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
A thoracic aorta hematoma with branch artery pseudonaneurysm is a very rare complication of thoraric blunt trauma. The standard treatment of this type of injury is aortic endograft placement.

Case presentation
We present a case in which a thoracic aorta hematoma with branch artery pseudoaneurysm was treated with coil embolization instead of endografting.

Conclusions
Coil embolization of aortic injuries may be a safe and definitive treatment alternative in selected cases. This technique has the potential to reduce the risk of procedure-related complications.
Inherited thrombophilia and recurrent pregnancy loss: a single-center case-control study in North-Western Algeria
Authors: Nassour-Mokhtari Ilhem , Loukidi Bouchra , Moussouni Abdellatif , Bettioui Reda , Benhabib Riad , Merzouk Hafida , Aouar Amaria , Allal-Taouli Katia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a common disorder that affects around 3 to 5% of pregnant women. It has different causes, and in about 50%, it is of unknown etiology. Thrombophilia might increase the risk of RPL by adversely affecting the normal placental vascular function. Our study aimed to determine the frequency of factor V Leiden (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A gene mutations in Algerian women with RPL and to correlate their presence with the occurrence of such health’s problem. A total of 80 women with previous fetal losses and 100 age-matched women with no history of fetal loss were recorded. Participants were tested for activated protein C resistance (APCR), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), and antithrombin (AT) deficiencies. The screening of FVL and prothrombin G20210A mutations was also done using a duplex polymerase chain reaction.

Results
APCR was detected in 6.25% of cases and was absent in controls (p = 0.011). PC and PS deficiencies were documented in 7.5% of patients. FVL was detected in 8.33% of patients and was absent in controls (p = 0.047). Prothrombin G20210A mutation was found in 8.33% of patients compared to 11.11% of controls (p = 0.631). A significant association of FVL mutation with the abortion which occurred in the second trimester was found (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
There is a significant association between FVL mutation and RPL especially the loss occurring during the second trimester. No correlation was found regarding prothrombin G20210A mutation.
Ectopic testis: an experience of a tertiary-level urology center at Upper Egypt
Authors: Gadelkareem Rabea Ahmed , Shahat Ahmed Abdelhamid , Reda Ahmed , Moeen Ahmed Mohamed , Abdelhafez Mohamed Farouk , Abughanima Mahmoud Farouk , Mansour Osama , Mohammed Nasreldin , Osman Mahmoud Mohammed , Elderwy Ahmed Abdelaziz , Hammouda Hisham Mokhtar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundTesticular ectopia is defined as a testis which is located away from the normal pathway of testicular descent and outside its ipsilateral hemiscrotum. Controversies have been raised about considering the abdominal and inguinal ectopic testes as undescended ones. Our purpose was to review our center’s experience with the diagnosis and management of testicular ectopia focusing on the inguinal ectopic testis. Retrospectively, we studied the clinical and surgical characteristics of a case series of testicular ectopia which was managed in our center during July 2001–June 2016.ResultsOut of 1132 patients with undescended testes, 44 cases (3.9%) had testicular ectopia. Twenty-three cases (mean age = 5.15 ± 5.79 years) fulfilled the criteria of inguinal ectopic testis. Clinically, testes were relatively mobile and superficial. Surgically, they were located in the superficial inguinal pouch, had relatively long spermatic cords, and commonly had average rather than small sizes. The other ectopic 21 cases (mean age = 10.56 ± 6.92 years) were perineal, anterior abdominal wall, femoral, prepubic, and transverse testes in 7 (33.3%), 4 (19%), 4 (19%), 3 (14.3%), and 3 (14.3%) cases, respectively. Congenital inguinal hernia was the commonest associated anomaly (22.7%). All cases were treated surgically with only 1 case of testicular atrophy (2.3%).ConclusionsTesticular ectopia is rare with relatively delayed presentations. Different anatomical sites have been reported including the superficial inguinal pouch and anterior abdominal wall with variable complexities and controversies. The inguinal ectopic testis is the most controversial, but it might be characterized from other entities based on certain clinical and surgical criteria.
Risk Factors for Illness-related Medical Encounters during Cycling: A Study in 102,251 Race Starters—SAFER XI
Authors: SEWRY NICOLA , SCHWELLNUS MARTIN , KILLOPS JANNELENE , SWANEVELDER SONJA , JANSE VAN RENSBURG DINA C. , JORDAAN ESME 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
There are limited data on risk factors associated with illness-related medical encounters (illME) in cycling events. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors associated with illME in mass community-based endurance cycling events.

Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study in the Cape Town Cycle Tour (109 km), South Africa, with 102,251 race starters. All medical encounters for 3 yr were recorded by race medical doctors and nurses. illME were grouped into common illnesses by final diagnosis. A Poisson regression model was used to determine whether specific risk factors (age, sex, cycling speed, and average individual cyclist wet-bulb globe temperature [aiWBGT]) are associated with illME, serious and life-threatening or death ME, and specific common illME.

Results
Independent risk factors associated with all illME during an endurance cycling event were slow cycling speed (P = 0.009) and higher aiWBGT (P < 0.001). Risk factors associated with serious and life-threatening or death ME were older age (P = 0.007) and slower cycling speed (P = 0.016). Risk factors associated with specific common illME were fluid and electrolyte disorders (females, older age, and higher aiWBGT) and cardiovascular illness (older age).

Conclusion
Females, older age, slower cycling speed, and higher aiWBGT were associated with illME in endurance cycling. These data could be used to design and implement future prevention programs for illME in mass community-based endurance cycling events.
Vascular Function Is Differentially Altered by Distance after Prolonged Running
Authors: KING TREVOR J. , COATES ALEXANDRA M. , TREMBLAY JOSHUA C. , SLYSZ JOSHUA T. , PETRICK HEATHER L. , PIGNANELLI CHRISTOPHER , MILLAR PHILIP J. , BURR JAMIE F. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Ultraendurance exercise is steadily growing in popularity; however, the effect of increasingly prolonged durations of exercise on the vascular endothelium is unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of various ultramarathon running distances on vascular form and function.

Methods
We evaluated vascular endothelial function via flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the superficial femoral artery, as well as microvascular function, inflammatory factors, and central artery stiffness, before and after participants completed 25-km (7M:2F), 50-km (11M:10F), 80-km (9M:4F), or 160-km (9M:2F) trail races all run on the same day and course.

Results
Completion required 149 ± 20, 386 ± 111, 704 ± 130, and 1470 ± 235 min, with corresponding average paces of 6.0 ± 0.8, 7.7 ± 2.2, 8.6 ± 1.3, and 9.6 ± 1.3 min·km−1, respectively. At baseline, there were no differences in participant characteristics across race distance groups. Shear rate stimulus trended toward an increase after the race (P = 0.07), but resting postrace artery diameter (P < 0.001) was elevated to a similar extent in all conditions. There was a reduction in FMD after the 50-km race (Δ −1.9% ± 2.2%, P < 0.01), but not the 25-km (Δ +0.3% ± 2.9%, P = 0.8), the 80-km (Δ −1.5% ± 3.2%, P = 0.1), or the 160-km (Δ +0.5% ± 2.5%, P = 0.5) race. Inflammatory markers increased most after 160 km, but arterial stiffness and microvascular function were not differently affected by race distance.

Conclusions
Although the superficial femoral artery baseline diameter was larger postexercise regardless of race distance, only the 50-km race reduced FMD, whereas a short-duration higher-intensity race (25 km) and longer-duration lower-intensity races (160 km) did not. Therefore, a 50-km ultramarathon may represent the intersection between higher-intensity exercise over a prolonged duration, causing reduced endothelial function not seen in shorter or longer distances.
Hemodynamic Response to Isometric Handgrip Exercise in Adults with Intellectual Disability
Authors: SHERMAN SARA R. , SCHROEDER ELIZABETH C. , BAYNARD TRACY , FERNHALL BO , HILGENKAMP THESSA I. M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and reduced work capacity, which could partly be explained by alterations to autonomic and hemodynamic regulation. The measurement of heart rate and blood pressure during isometric handgrip (HG) exercise, a sympathoexcitatory stimulus, is a noninvasive method to investigate autonomic and hemodynamic alterations. The purpose of this study was to assess alterations to autonomic and associated hemodynamic regulation between individuals with ID and a matched control group during isometric HG exercise.

Methods
Individuals with ID (n = 13; 31 ± 2 yr, 27.6 ± 7.7 kg·m−2) and without ID (n = 16; 29 ± 7 yr, 24.2 ± 2.8 kg·m−2) performed 2 min of isometric HG exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in the seated position. Blood pressure was averaged for 2 min before, during, and after HG exercise (mean arterial pressure [MAP], systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure). Heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were calculated from the continuous blood pressure and heart rate recordings.

Results
Isometric HG elicited a blunted response in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP among individuals with ID compared with individuals without ID, even after controlling for strength (MAP: rest, HG, recovery; ID: 103 ± 7, 108 ± 9, 103 ± 7; without ID: 102 ± 7, 116 ± 10, 104 ± 10 mm Hg; interaction P < 0.05). Individuals with ID also had an attenuated baroreflex sensitivity response to HG exercise compared with individuals without ID (interaction P = 0.041), but these effects were no longer significant after controlling for maximal voluntary contraction. Indices of heart rate variability and blood pressure variability were not different between groups overall or in response to HG exercise (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Individuals with ID have a blunted hemodynamic and autonomic response to isometric HG exercise compared with individuals without ID.
A arlequimia em Mário de Andrade: crítica e prática de uma máscara
Authors: Postal Ricardo 
Published: August 2020

Os percursos críticos da Semana de Arte Moderna desencadeiam-se tanto nos textos produzidos pelos intelectuais participantes no debate sobre o caminho da arte na época, como na fortuna crítica que as obras desses intelectuais suscitaram. O presente trabalho é uma interpretação crítica da prática artística de Mário de Andrade que interroga como a apropriação da figura do Arlequim, que atravessa sua obra, é transformada numa proposta estética e num amoldamento de artista. Olhando para o modo como a crítica percebeu o Arlequim dentro da escrita de Mário de Andrade, dialogamos com esses aspectos e propomos uma ampliação do significado dessa figura, pensando nos motivos da escolha dessa máscara por parte do escritor, e vendo-a como fundamento do ato improvisado de escrever e representar uma arte e uma identidade cuja totalidade seria impossível ainda no Brasil. Sob esse ponto de vista, Macunaíma seria um exemplo de arlequimização, cuja feição rapsódica indica já a proximidade com o improvisar de várias fontes símile à prática arlequinal da Commedia dell’arte. O Arlequim, essa figura central e irradiadora de metáforas, guia a poética de Mário de Andrade, realizando o artista nela a simbiose que propõe entre estética, práxis e vida.