bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic factors associated with patients hospitalised for coccidioidomycosis in California and Arizona, State Inpatient Database 2005–2011
Authors: Kupferwasser D. , Miller L. G. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is endemic in the Southwestern United States. Disseminated infection can be life-threatening and is responsible for hospitalisation and significant healthcare resource utilisation. There are limited data evaluating factors associated with hospitalisation for coccidioidomycosis. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess incidence and factors associated with coccidioidomycosis-associated hospitalisation in California and Arizona. We analysed hospital discharge data obtained from the State Inpatient Dataset for California and Arizona between 2005 and 2011 and performed multivariable logistic regression examining factors associated with coccidioidomycosis-associated hospitalisation. During our time frame, we found 23 758 coccidioidomycosis-associated hospitalisations. Coccidioidomycosis incidence was over sixfold higher in Arizona compared to California (198.9 vs. 29.6/100 000 person-years). In our multivariable model, coccidioidomycosis-associated hospitalisation was associated with age group 40–49 years (referent group: age 18–29 years, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–1.59)), African American race (referent group: Caucasian, aOR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.89–2.06)), residing in a large rural town (referent group: urban area, aOR = 2.28 (95% CI 2.19–2.39)), uncomplicated diabetes (aOR = 1.47 (95% CI 1.41–1.52)) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR = 1.59 (95% CI 1.54–1.65)) and higher number of comorbidities (aOR = 1.02 (95% CI 1.02–1.03) for each point in the Elixhauser score). Identifying persons at highest risk for hospitalisation with coccidioidomycosis may be helpful for future prevention efforts.
The state of breeding birds in Greece: trends, threats, and implications for conservation
Authors: VAVYLIS DIMITRIOS , BOUNAS ANASTASIOS , KARRIS GEORGIOS , TRIANTIS KOSTAS A. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBirds are suffering from steep population declines on a global scale and they are one of the few taxonomic groups for which these declines are well documented by long-term monitoring data. This study provides a synthesis of the status of the breeding birds of Greece. To this aim, we retrieved population size estimates from six sources spanning 22 years (1992–2014) and calculated species’ trends in Greece. Using the IUCN Red List assessments for each species we assessed whether ecological traits including habitat and diet preferences were associated with species’ trends and conservation status in Europe and determined major threats affecting birds in Greece. Moreover, we assessed the importance of Important Bird & Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) in terms of declining trigger species. Results showed that almost one fifth of the breeding birds in Greece have declining populations. Raptors were found to be the most threatened group of birds whereas the highest declines by dietary group were observed in scavengers, with 60% of species showing a decreasing trend. The most common threats were those that cause habitat alteration and degradation as well as more direct effects such as poisoning. Our results suggest that restoration of habitat and ecosystem functions along with the management of protected areas and improvement of legislation should be the main conservation actions undertaken and pinpointed the IBAs where they should be prioritized for implementation. Finally, further research, especially on specific drivers of population change, along with further examination of current and past population trends, will increase the power and accuracy of future regional Red List assessments especially concerning the breeding species for which the country bears the greatest responsibility.
Seismic Attenuation Monitoring of a Critically Stressed San Andreas Fault
Authors: Malagnini Luca , Parsons Tom 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe show that seismic attenuation () along the San Andreas fault (SAF) at Parkfield correlates with the occurrence of moderate‐to‐large earthquakes at local and regional distances. Earthquake‐relatedanomalies are likely caused by changes in permeability from dilatant static stress changes, damage by strong shaking from local sources, and pore unclogging/clogging from mobilization of colloids by dynamic strains. We find that, prior to the 2004M6 Parkfield earthquake, prefailure conditions for some local events of moderate magnitude correspond to positive anomalies ofon the Pacific side, with local and regional earthquakes producing sharp attenuation reversals. After the 2004 Parkfield earthquake, we see higheranomalies along the SAF, but low sensitivity to local and regional earthquakes, probably because the mainshock significantly altered the permeability state of the rocks adjacent to the SAF, and its sensitivity to earthquake‐induced stress perturbations.
Heat Transfer From Convecting Magma Reservoirs to Hydrothermal Fluid Flow Systems Constrained by Coupled Numerical Modeling
Authors: Andersen Christine , Weis Philipp 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMagma flow, heat conduction, and hydrothermal fluid flow control the heat transfer through the upper crust. Magmatic‐hydrothermal activity is essential for the utilization of geothermal energy, formation of ore deposits, and predictions of volcanic hazards, but the interplay between magmatic and hydrothermal processes is not well constrained due to the lack of adequate scientific tools. Simulation results from our novel coupled numerical model resolving both magma (Navier‐Stokes) and hydrothermal (Darcy) flow quantify the influence of magma convection and rock permeability on energy transfer. Convection of a hot‐dry rhyolitic magma has an accelerating effect of up to 15% on the cooling of the reservoir by enhancing the heat transfer toward the magma‐hydrothermal interface. However, at high permeabilities and high brittle‐ductile transition temperatures, magma flow can also have a secondary decelerating effect, because it prevents efficient permeability creation and entrainment of hydrothermal fluids at the edges of the magma reservoir.
Determinant Role of Aerosols From Industrial Sources in Hurricane Harvey's Catastrophe
Authors: Pan Bowen , Wang Yuan , Logan Timothy , Hsieh Jen‐Shan , Jiang Jonathan H. , Li Yixin , Zhang Renyi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe destructive power of tropical cyclones is driven by latent heat released from water condensation and is inevitably linked to the abundance of aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei. However, the aerosol effects are unaccounted for in most operational hurricane forecast models. We combined multisource measurements and cloud‐resolving model simulations to show fundamentally altered cloud microphysical and thermodynamic processes by anthropogenic aerosols during Hurricane Harvey. Our observational analyses reveal intense lightning and precipitation in the proximity of Houston industrial areas, and these hot spots exhibit a striking geographic similarity to a climatological maximum of lightning flash density in the south‐central United States. Our ensemble cloud‐resolving simulations of Hurricane Harvey indicate that aerosols increase precipitation and lightning by a factor of 2 in the Houston urban area, unraveling the key anthropogenic factor in regulating flooding during this weather extreme.
Quasi‐10‐Day Wave and Semidiurnal Tide Nonlinear Interactions During the Southern Hemispheric SSW 2019 Observed in the Northern Hemispheric Mesosphere
Authors: He Maosheng , Chau Jorge L. , Forbes Jeffrey M. , Thorsen Denise , Li Guozhu , Siddiqui Tarique Adnan , Yamazaki Yosuke , Hocking Wayne K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMesospheric winds from three longitudinal sectors at 65°N and 54°N latitude are combined to diagnose the zonal wave numbers (m) of spectral wave signatures during the Southern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) 2019. Diagnosed are quasi‐10‐ and 6‐day planetary waves (Q10DW and Q6DW, m = 1), solar semidiurnal tides with m = 1, 2, 3 (SW1, SW2, and SW3), lunar semidiurnal tide, and the upper and lower sidebands (USB and LSB, m = 1 and 3) of Q10DW‐SW2 nonlinear interactions. We further present 7‐year composite analyses to distinguish SSW effects from climatological features. Before (after) the SSW onset, LSB (USB) enhances, accompanied by the enhancing (fading) Q10DW, and a weakening of climatological SW2 maximum. These behaviors are explained in terms of Manley‐Rowe relation, that is, the energy goes first from SW2 to Q10DW and LSB, and then from SW2 and Q10DW to USB. Our results illustrate that the interactions can explain most wind variabilities associated with the SSW.
Observations of Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Santa Barbara Channel During the Thomas Fire
Authors: Kramer Sasha J. , Bisson Kelsey M. , Fischer Alexis D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Thomas Fire ignited on December 5, 2017 and burned nearly 300,000 acres of land in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties until January 12, 2018, making it the largest wildfire in California history at the time. During the fire, a persistent plume of ash, smoke, and soot extended up to 1,000 km offshore over the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC). The effect of this ash influx on the SBC phytoplankton community was investigated with an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) onboard R/V Sally Ride during a research cruise in mid‐December 2017. Over 100,000 images of phytoplankton and nonliving particles were collected and each image was manually classified, resulting in time series of phytoplankton cells and detrital particles, including ash. Comparing the Thomas Fire conditions to historical monthly sampling in the SBC in December reveals significant differences in sea surface temperature, nutrient concentration, and phytoplankton community composition (PCC) in December 2017. During the Thomas Fire, dinoflagellates dominated the phytoplankton community (comprising up to 90% of the total phytoplankton cell biovolume per sample), while diatoms and picophytoplankton typically dominate surface ocean PCC in the SBC in December. While this study was not able to demonstrate a correlational relationship between PCC and wildfire ash concentration, the significant differences in surface ocean biogeochemistry in December 2017 compared to past winters is notable. Wildfire severity and frequency are annually increasing in California and globally with unknown impacts on the marine ecosystem; thus, this study provides an important baseline assessment for the SBC.
Time‐Varying Ice Sheet Mask: Implications on Ice‐Sheet Mass Balance and Crustal Uplift
Authors: Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Khan Shfaqat A. , Colgan William T. , MacGregor Joseph A. , Fausto Robert S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMass‐balance estimates of the polar ice sheets presently rely on static ice masks to identify the area under investigation. However, the vintage of available ice masks can differ by more than a decade, and the resolution of the imagery used to delineate ice extent can differ by an order of magnitude, despite evidence of ongoing ice‐sheet retreat. We show that using a fine‐resolution, time‐varying ice mask significantly improves mass‐balance estimates of the northwestern sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet and affects interpretation of local crustal uplift. Accounting for ice margin retreat using a time‐varying ice mask between 2003 and 2015 results in 1.0%–6.8% less ice‐sheet mass loss relative to assuming one of several existing static ice masks. This indicates that mass‐balance estimates that use a static ice mask will progressively overestimate mass loss where the ice sheet is predominantly retreating, meaning a negative bias on mass‐balance. This trend is anticipated to be amplified in a future warming scenario unless updated ice masks are incorporated. For altimetry‐derived mass‐balance estimates, this ice‐mask‐induced bias approaches the magnitude of the ice‐sheet‐wide uncertainty presently associated with spatiotemporal variability in modeled firn compaction. Further, at five Greenland GPS Network (GNET) stations, the ice‐mask‐induced bias is equivalent to 5%–15% of the modeled uplift due to elastic deformation. Given present and projected negative trends in Greenland Ice Sheet mass‐balance and areal extent, we conclude that studies of its mass‐balance should begin incorporating dynamic, periodically updated, fine‐resolution ice masks. This methodological refinement will reduce bias in estimates of both ice‐sheet mass‐balance and crustal uplift.
Intrinsic organization of cortical networks predicts state anxiety: an functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study
Authors: Duan Lian , Van Dam Nicholas T. , Ai Hui , Xu Pengfei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough state anxiety has been characterized by hyper-responsive subcortical activity and its bottom-up connectivity with cortical regions, the role of cortical networks in state anxiety is not yet well understood. To this end, we decoded individual state anxiety by using a machine-learning approach based on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Our results showed that the RSFC among a set of cortical networks were highly predictive of state anxiety, rather than trait anxiety. Specifically, these networks included connectivity between cortical areas in the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN), and connectivity within the DMN, which were negatively correlated with state anxiety; connectivity between cortical areas in the DMN and frontoparietal network (FPN), FPN and salience network (SN), FPN and DAN, DMN and SN, which were positively correlated with state anxiety. These findings suggest a predictive role of intrinsic cortical organization in the assessment of state anxiety. The work provides new insights into potential neural mechanisms of emotion states and implications for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of affective disorders.
HOX genes promote cell proliferation and are potential therapeutic targets in adrenocortical tumours
Authors: Francis Jeffrey C. , Gardiner Jennifer R. , Renaud Yoan , Chauhan Ritika , Weinstein Yacob , Gomez-Sanchez Celso , Lefrançois-Martinez Anne-Marie , Bertherat Jérôme , Val Pierre , Swain Amanda 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the pathways that drive adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is essential to the development of more effective therapies. This study investigates the role of the transcription factor HOXB9 and other HOX factors in ACC and its treatment.MethodsWe used transgenic mouse models to determine the role ofHoxb9in adrenal tumour development. Patient transcriptomic data was analysed for the expression of HOX genes and their association with disease. Drug response studies on various adrenocortical models were done to establish novel therapeutic options.ResultsOur human ACC dataset analyses showed high expression ofHOXB9, and other HOX factors, are associated with poorer prognosis. Transgenic overexpression ofHoxb9in the adrenal cortex of mice with activatedCtnnb1led to larger adrenal tumours. This phenotype was preferentially observed in male mice and was characterised by more proliferating cells and an increase in the expression of cell cycle genes, includingCcne1. Adrenal tumour cells were found to be dependent on HOX function for survival and were sensitive to a specific peptide inhibitor.ConclusionsThese studies showHoxb9can promote adrenal tumour progression in a sex-dependent manner and have identified HOX factors as potential drug targets, leading to novel therapeutic approaches in ACC.
Subnuclear gene positioning through lamina association affects copper tolerance
Authors: Sakamoto Yuki , Sato Mayuko , Sato Yoshikatsu , Harada Akihito , Suzuki Takamasa , Goto Chieko , Tamura Kentaro , Toyooka Kiminori , Kimura Hiroshi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Takagi Shingo , Matsunaga Sachihiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe nuclear lamina plays an important role in the regulation of chromatin organization and gene positioning in animals. CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) is a strong candidate for the plant nuclear lamina protein in Arabidopsis thaliana but its biological function was largely unknown. Here, we show that CRWNs localize at the nuclear lamina and build the meshwork structure. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNA-seq analyses revealed that CRWNs regulate chromatin distribution and gene expression. More than 2000 differentially expressed genes were identified in the crwn1crwn4 double mutant. Copper-associated (CA) genes that form a gene cluster on chromosome 5 were among the downregulated genes in the double mutant exhibiting low tolerance to excess copper. Our analyses showed this low tolerance to copper was associated with the suppression of CA gene expression and that CRWN1 interacts with the CA gene locus, enabling the locus to localize at the nuclear lamina under excess copper conditions.
Regulation of cytokine signaling through direct interaction between cytokine receptors and the ATG16L1 WD40 domain
Authors: Serramito-Gómez Inmaculada , Boada-Romero Emilio , Villamuera Raquel , Fernández-Cabrera Álvaro , Cedillo José Luis , Martín-Regalado Ángela , Carding Simon , Mayer Uli , Powell Penny P. , Wileman Thomas , García-Higuera Irene , Pimentel-Muiños Felipe X. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractATG16L1, an autophagy mediator that specifies the site of LC3 lipidation, includes a C-terminal domain formed by 7 WD40-type repeats (WD40 domain, WDD), the function of which is unclear. Here we show that the WDD interacts with the intracellular domain of cytokine receptors to regulate their signaling output in response to ligand stimulation. Using a refined version of a previously described WDD-binding amino acid motif, here we show that this element is present in the intracellular domain of cytokine receptors. Two of these receptors, IL-10RB and IL-2Rγ, recognize the WDD through the motif and exhibit WDD-dependent LC3 lipidation activity. IL-10 promotes IL-10RB/ATG16L1 interaction through the WDD, and IL-10 signaling is suboptimal in cells lacking the WDD owing to delayed endocytosis and inefficient early trafficking of IL10/IL-10R complexes. Our data reveal WDD-dependent roles of ATG16L1 in the regulation of cytokine receptor trafficking and signaling, and provide a WDD-binding motif that might be used to identify additional WDD activators.
Dominant subtype switch in avian influenza viruses during 2016–2019 in China
Authors: Bi Yuhai , Li Juan , Li Shanqin , Fu Guanghua , Jin Tao , Zhang Cheng , Yang Yongchun , Ma Zhenghai , Tian Wenxia , Li Jida , Xiao Shuqi , Li Liqiang , Yin Renfu , Zhang Yi , Wang Lixin , Qin Yantao , Yao Zhongzi , Meng Fanyu , Hu Dongfang , Li Delong , Wong Gary , Liu Fei , Lv Na , Wang Liang , Fu Lifeng , Yang Yang , Peng Yun , Ma Jinmin , Sharshov Kirill , Shestopalov Alexander , Gulyaeva Marina , Gao George F. , Chen Jianjun , Shi Yi , Liu William J. , Chu Dong , Huang Yu , Liu Yingxia , Liu Lei , Liu Wenjun , Chen Quanjiao , Shi Weifeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe have surveyed avian influenza virus (AIV) genomes from live poultry markets within China since 2014. Here we present a total of 16,091 samples that were collected from May 2016 to February 2019 in 23 provinces and municipalities in China. We identify 2048 AIV-positive samples and perform next generation sequencing. AIV-positive rates (12.73%) from samples had decreased substantially since 2016, compared to that during 2014–2016 (26.90%). Additionally, H9N2 has replaced H5N6 and H7N9 as the dominant AIV subtype in both chickens and ducks. Notably, novel reassortants and variants continually emerged and disseminated in avian populations, including H7N3, H9N9, H9N6 and H5N6 variants. Importantly, almost all of the H9 AIVs and many H7N9 and H6N2 strains prefer human-type receptors, posing an increased risk for human infections. In summary, our nation-wide surveillance highlights substantial changes in the circulation of AIVs since 2016, which greatly impacts the prevention and control of AIVs in China and worldwide.
Self-assembled Möbius strips with controlled helicity
Authors: Ouyang Guanghui , Ji Lukang , Jiang Yuqian , Würthner Frank , Liu Minghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDifferent from molecular level topology, the development of supramolecular topology has been limited due to a lack of reliable synthetic methods. Here we describe a supramolecular strategy of accessing Möbius strip, a fascinating topological object featured with only a single edge and single side. Through bending and cyclization of twisted nanofibers self-assembled from chiral glutamate amphiphiles, supramolecular nano-toroids with various twist numbers were obtained. Electron microscopic techniques could clearly identify the formation of Möbius strips when twist numbers on the toroidal fibers are odd ones. Spectroscopic and morphological analysis indicates that the helicity of the Möbius strips and nano-toroids stems from the molecular chirality of glutamate molecules. Therefore,M- andP-helical Möbius strips could be formed from L- and D-amphiphiles, respectively. Our experimental results and theoretical simulations may advance the prospect of creating chiral topologically complex structures via supramolecular approach.
Assessment of brain cholesterol metabolism biomarker 24S-hydroxycholesterol in schizophrenia
Authors: Chiappelli Joshua , Quinton Maria S. , Volfson Dmitri , Cwik Michael , Marshall Wyatt , Bruce Heather , Goldwaser Eric , Kvarta Mark , Summerfelt Ann , Kochunov Peter , O’Donnell Patricio , Hong Liyi Elliot 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol mostly originates in brain tissue and likely reflects the turnover of cholesterol in the central nervous system. As cholesterol is disproportionally enriched in many key brain structures, 24S-hydroxycholesterol is a promising biomarker for psychiatric and neurologic disorders that impact brain structure. We hypothesized that, as schizophrenia patients have widely reported gray and white matter deficits, they would have abnormal levels of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol, and that plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol would be associated with brain structural and functional biomarkers for schizophrenia. Plasma levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were measured in 226 individuals with schizophrenia and 204 healthy controls. The results showed that levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were not significantly different between patients and controls. Age was significantly and negatively correlated with 24S-hydroxycholesterol in both groups, and in both groups, females had significantly higher levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol compared to males. Levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol were not related to average fractional anisotropy of white matter or cortical thickness, or to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Based on these results from a large sample and using multiple brain biomarkers, we conclude there is little to no value of plasma 24S-hydroxycholesterol as a brain metabolite biomarker for schizophrenia.