bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on gastroenterology and hepatology departments and doctors in Spain
Authors: Crespo Javier , Fernández Carrillo Carlos , Iruzubieta Paula , Hernández‐Conde Marta , Rasines Laura , Jorquera Francisco , Albillos Agustín , Bañares Rafael , Mora Pedro , Fernández Vázquez Inmaculada , Hernández‐Guerra Manuel , Turnes Juan , Calleja José Luis ,   COVID‐19 SEPD/AEEH Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and AimSignificant human and material resources have been diverted to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Healthcare workers are at high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on gastroenterology and hepatology departments and specialists in Spain.MethodsThis study involves a nationwide survey addressing the impact of COVID‐19 on resources, procedures, and physicians of gastroenterology and hepatology departments in 81 hospitals representative of the Spanish National Health Service.ResultsOverall, 41.8% of hospital beds and 40.7% of gastroenterology and hepatology beds were allocated to COVID‐19 patient care, as well as 24.8% of gastroenterologists and 58.3% of residents. Outpatient visits, abdominal ultrasounds, and endoscopies were reduced by 81.8–91.9%. Nine large university hospitals had 75% and 89% reductions in therapeutic endoscopies and hepatocellular carcinoma surgery, respectively, with cancelation of elective liver transplant and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Prevalence of infected physicians was 10.6% and was dependent on regional population incidence (r = 0.74, P = 0.001), with 11% hospitalized and one physician dying. Up to 63.4% of physicians may have been infected before or shortly after Spain entered lockdown, 57% of them having recently performed endoscopies. Adequate protection was acknowledged in > 80% hospitals, but only 2.9% performed regular SARS‐CoV‐2 testing.ConclusionsThe impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on healthcare delivery has been massive. A wave of gastroenterology‐related complications is expected because of resource diversion. Gastroenterologists have a high prevalence of infection, although they may have been infected during a first phase of lower awareness and protection. Regular SARS‐CoV‐2 screening, adequate protection, and quick reorganization of healthcare resources are still needed.
The end of the rural/urban divide? Migration, proletarianization, differentiation and peasant production in an ejido, Central Mexico
Authors: Hoogesteger Jaime , Rivara Federico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article explores the relations between agricultural production, international migration, wage labour and processes of differentiation among peasant households. It does so based on the analysis of the ejido Jesús María in the northeast of the state of Guanajuato, Central Mexico. The history of this ejido and how Mexican neoliberal policies led to increased levels of migration and proletarianization since at least the early 1990s is presented. Then, it presents how in this context the production of asparagus for agro‐export developed on the irrigated lands of this ejido, showing that this process went hand in hand with social differentiation and important changes in the distribution of land and water. Then, it presents the results of a household and production survey that shows that most peasant households combine agricultural production with local urban and rural wage labour, migration, remittances and/or other economic activities. Households that can live from agriculture alone have had important capital investments in agricultural production coming from international migration and remittances. Based on these results, it argues that, as rural communities become increasingly dependent on external ‘urban/global’ capital, the rural/urban divide has become increasingly permeable with important consequences for peasant economies and related social differentiation processes.
Lichenoid morphology could be an early feature of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia
Authors: McParland Helen , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRecognition and differentiation of early forms of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) could be a challenge to both clinicians and pathologists.ObjectiveTo report on a retrospective study that was carried out on 51 cases of PVL that were initially diagnosed as frictional keratosis, oral leukoplakia or oral lichen planus. A secondary objective is to report on the outcome of malignant transformation during follow‐up.MethodsRecords of patients seen at an oral medicine clinic with the final clinical diagnosis of PVL were audited for early clinical and histopathologic features in their biopsy at first presentation, and for subsequent malignant transformation.ResultsFifty‐one patients (25 men and 26 women) with a mean age 51 years (men) and 53 years (women) at initial presentation were studied. 28% men and 11.5% women were current smokers. Initial clinical diagnoses were frictional keratoses (n = 4), Leukoplakia (n = 17) and lichen planus (n = 30). Epithelial dysplasia was reported in the initial biopsy in 12 cases and lichen planus/lichenoid features in 22 cases (22/51; 43%). Malignant transformation occurred in 11/51 patients (21.5%).ConclusionLichen planus or lichenoid lesions could be the initial presentation of many PVL cases that later develop multiple leukoplakic lesions with a final diagnosis of PVL.
The CXCL11‐CXCR3A axis influences the infiltration of CD274 and IDO1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Jing , Zhou Gang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe CXCL9/10/11‐CXCR3 axis plays pivotal roles in the recruitment of immune cells and the formation of cancer‐specific immunity in various cancers. High expression of immune checkpoints, which could be regulated by cytokines, is closely related to the establishment of immune escape in tumor microenvironment. Therefore, the study was tried to provide insights into the influence of the CXCL9/10/11‐CXCR3 axis on immune checkpoints in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), especially oral leukoplakia (OLK).MethodsThe mRNA levels of CXCL9/10/11 and CXCR3 were analyzed in TCGA, GEO and Oncomine and verified in OLK and OSCC. The specimens were used to analysis the relationship between CXCL9/10/11 and CXCR3 variants. The correlation between CXCL9/10/11 and immune checkpoint/ligand in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was analyzed in TIMER and confirmed in samples. Small interference transfection of CXCL11 in SCC25 cells was used to evaluate the function of CXCL11 on CD274/IDO1 expression.ResultsCXCL9/10/11 had increase expression trends from normal tissues to OSCC. The proportion of CXCR3A (one variant of CXCR3) was significantly increased in OSCC comparing with normal tissues, while other variants—CXCR3B and CXCR3alt—did not. CXCL9/10/11 was positively correlated with CXCR3A and immune checkpoints/ligand (IDO1, LAG3, and CD274) in OLK and OSCC. CXCL11‐knockdown SCC25 cells could directly inhibit the intracellular expression of CD274 and IDO1.ConclusionThe upregulated CXCL9/10/11‐CXCR3A axis may interact with immune checkpoints/their ligands in OLK and OSCC. Furthermore, CXCL11 may affect the expression of CD274 and IDO1 in an autocrine mode in OSCC.
Development of a Comprehensive Tool for School Health Policy Evaluation: The WellSAT WSCC
Authors: Koriakin Taylor A. , McKee Sarah L. , Schwartz Marlene B. , Chafouleas Sandra M. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDStakeholders increasingly recognize the role of policy in implementing Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) frameworks in schools; however, few tools are currently available to assess alignment between district policies and WSCC concepts. The purpose of this study was to expand the Wellness School Assessment Tool (WellSAT) for evaluation of policies related to all 10 domains of the WSCC model.METHODSDeveloping the WellSAT WSCC was an iterative process that involved (1) identifying items for each domain based on key concepts and best practice recommendations; (2) expert review of the draft measure; (3) cognitive pre‐testing; (4) developing scoring criteria; and (5) pilot‐testing the measure.RESULTSRatings from expert reviewers indicated that the tool included items that were both relevant and important to each of the 10 WSCC domains. Results of cognitive pre‐testing indicated that the items were understood as intended. Feedback from expert reviews, cognitive pre‐testing, and pilot‐testing was used to further revise and refine the measure and develop a final version of the tool. Acceptable interrater reliability was established for the final selection of items.CONCLUSIONSThe WellSAT WSCC provides a reliable means for assessing integration and alignment between WSCC model concepts and district policies.
A Systematic Review of Community Engagement Outcomes Research in School‐Based Health Interventions
Authors: McMullen Jaimie M. , George Melissa , Ingman Benjamin C. , Pulling Kuhn Ann , Graham Dan J , Carson Russell L. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDInvolving communities in school health has been purported as a practice integral to supporting a Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) approach. Although community collaboration is often included in school‐based health initiatives, there is little research considering methods for increasing community engagement. The purpose of this study was to identify effective school‐based health interventions documenting changes in community engagement.METHODSAcademic experts and school stakeholders guided procedures for a systematic review of studies published from 1987–2017 and gray literature (ie, best practice documents; policy documents, etc.) on comprehensive school health interventions including community engagement as a targeted outcome.RESULTSThe search identified 9 studies addressing community as an outcome of school‐based health interventions; types of partnership mechanisms and partners' roles were classified.CONCLUSIONSAlthough involving communities is a WSCC component and commonly recommended as a strategy fundamental to school health, there is little empirical research examining effective strategies for engaging communities and engagement is often not measured as part of intervention studies. Further measurement and research in engaging communities in school health is warranted.
Unusual Suspects: The People Inside and Outside of School Who Matter in Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Efforts
Authors: Pittman Karen , Moroney Deborah A. , Irby Merita , Young Jill 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIndividuals learn and develop across their lifespan in response to the people with whom they interact in settings, communities, cultures, and experiences. Collaborative research and policy efforts underscore the critical and reparative role of identity‐safe, culturally driven, and relationship‐rich environments—in classrooms, schools, and communities—for the healthy social, emotional, cognitive, and physical development of all learners. These themes align closely with the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model.METHODSCollaborative research and policy efforts, combined with the WSCC model make a strong case to elevate the unusual suspects, the settings and people outside of instructional classrooms who are key actors in creating the conditions and relationships that promote student health and well‐being.RESULTSWe describe promising cases of efforts aimed at bolstering adult capacity to foster student health and well‐being. We also discuss how these types of systemic efforts can move beyond system and program level actors to acknowledge the power of individual‐level implementation.CONCLUSIONSIt is time to recognize the systemic efforts, programmatic opportunities, and individual roles adults have in implementing an ideal WSCC model that is aligned with the collaborative research and policy efforts.
Buffering Effects of Racial Discrimination on School Engagement: The Role of Culturally Responsive Teachers and Caring School Police
Authors: Bottiani Jessika H. , McDaniel Heather L. , Henderson Lora , Castillo Jasmin E. , Bradshaw Catherine P. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUrban black adolescents' wellbeing in the early high school years can be negatively impacted by exposure to racial discrimination. These impacts may be buffered by supportive relationships with adults at school. We considered both the protective and promotive effects of culturally responsive teachers and caring school police on school engagement for students exposed to racial discrimination across settings.METHODThis study leveraged baseline student report from a sample of urban, predominantly black high school students with elevated teacher‐rated levels of aggressive behavior (N = 397 9th graders; 91.2% black; 50.4% male; J = 10 schools). Using a path model with full‐information maximum likelihood estimation, we examined the associations of racial discrimination, teacher cultural responsiveness, and school police caring in relation to school engagement and school disconnection, adjusting for covariates, including family racial socialization.RESULTSFrequency of racial discrimination was significantly associated with lower school engagement and greater school disconnection. Teacher cultural responsiveness was significantly, favorably associated with all outcomes. Police caring had no significant direct associations; however, there were moderation effects. When police caring was below average, increased racial discrimination was associated with significantly poorer attitudes toward school.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggested that students' perceptions of school police caring may buffer links between racial discrimination experiences and school disconnection. Moreover, students who perceive that their teachers are culturally responsive may feel more engaged at school. Interventions to promote teachers' and school police officers' cultural responsiveness and caring may improve engagement among at‐risk urban youth who experience racial discrimination.
Youth Assets and Associations With Adolescent Risk Taking
Authors: Messer Lynne C. , Halladay Corrie , Hofert Gina , Sheppard Barbara K. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPositive youth development emphasizes that adaptive features of adolescence may contribute to teenage pregnancy prevention.METHODSUsing data from approximately 1300 seventh‐ninth graders, we describe positive youth development assets (external and internal) and their association with sexual risk taking. School‐, sex‐, and race/ethnicity‐stratified logistic or linear models assessed associations between developmental assets and 6 outcomes (continuous attitudes about teenage sex and marriage, abstinence intentions, and nonsexual risk‐taking behavior; dichotomous high risk‐dating behavior, friends' sexual activity, and prior sexual activity).RESULTSAssociations between developmental assets and youth sexual behavior differed by school, sex, and race/ethnicity. White female respondents showed the most consistent associations between higher amounts of each of the positive youth development assets and attitudes and behaviors conducive to delaying sexual activity while black youth showed the fewest associations.CONCLUSIONThese results contribute to the positive youth development literature by identifying that relationships between assets and adolescent risk differs by race and sex.
Negotiating professional authority and power in tourist–guide communication in guided village tour
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe article examines the linguistic, material, and multimodal aspects of professional communication in guided tours in the Himalayas in Nepal. Using an ethnography‐informed interactional sociolinguistics, the study analyses the key instances of miscommunication between an American tourist and an ethnic Tamang guide to understand how various identities are invoked by the participants. As the article considers the complexity of working for tourists in the second language in which a worker's competence is questioned, it also recognizes the importance of a range of semiotic resources that tour guides deploy to negotiate professional authority with tourists. Overall, the findings show how individuals manage interpersonal relations and expertise in transnational workplaces to contest and reconstruct dominant social positions and achieve their interactional goals.
Transitioning from paediatric to adult services with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis: What is the impact on engagement and health outcomes?
Authors: Moss Rochelle , Farrant Bridget , Byrnes Catherine A 
Published: November 2020

AimTo determine whether the transfer of young people with cystic fibrosis (CF) or bronchiectasis from paediatric to adult services is associated with changes in service engagement and/or health outcomes.MethodsYoung people aged ≥15 years of age with CF or bronchiectasis who transferred from the Auckland‐based paediatric service (Starship Children's Hospital) to one of three Auckland‐based District Health Boards between 2005 and 2012 were identified and included if they had 3 years care both pre‐transfer and post‐transfer care. Transfer preparation, service engagement (clinics scheduled, clinics attended) and health outcomes (lung function, hospitalisations) were collected per annum.ResultsFifty‐seven young people transferred in this period with 46 meeting inclusion criteria (CF n = 20, bronchiectasis n = 26). The CF group had better transfer documentation, were transferred at an older age (11 months older P < 0.0001 95%CI: 6.7 months, 14.7 months), were 20 times more likely to attend clinics (P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 7.8, 66.1) and had 3–4 more clinics scheduled pre‐transfer (P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 3.4, 4.9) and post‐transfer (P < 0.0001, 95%CI: 2.4, 3.8) despite having less severe respiratory disease as measured by FEV1 for each year (P < 0.01, 95%CI: 0.34, 1.22).ConclusionThe transfer of young people with CF to adult services did not affect health engagement or outcomes, in contrast to those with bronchiectasis. Use of a formalised transfer process, more clinic appointments offered and greater resources for CF may be responsible for this difference. Comprehensive transition with purposeful, planned movement and developmentally appropriate care is a key goal.
A transient early HBV‐DNA increase during PEG‐IFNα therapy of hepatitis D indicates loss of infected cells and is associated with HDV‐RNA and HBsAg reduction
Authors: Anastasiou Olympia E. , Yurdaydin Cihan , Maasoumy Benjamin , Hardtke Svenja , Caruntu Florin Alexandru , Curescu Manuela G. , Yalcin Kendal , Akarca Ulus S. , Gürel Selim , Zeuzem Stefan , Erhardt Andreas , Lüth Stefan , Papatheodoridis George V. , Radu Monica , Liebig Stephanie , Bantel Heike , Bremer Birgit , Manns Michael P. , Cornberg Markus , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHBV‐DNA levels are low or even undetectable in the majority HDV‐infected patients. The impact of PEG‐IFNα on HBV‐DNA kinetics in HDV‐infected patients has not been studied in detail. We analysed data of a prospective treatment trial where 120 HDV‐RNA–positive patients were randomized to receive PEG‐IFNα‐2a plus tenofovir‐disoproxil‐fumarate (PEG‐IFNα/TDF, n = 59) or placebo (PEG‐IFNα/PBO; n = 61) for 96 weeks. At week 96, HBV‐DNA was still quantifiable in 71% of PEG‐IFNα/PBO‐treated patients but also in 76% of PEG‐IFNα/TDF‐treated patients, despite low HBV‐DNA baseline values. Surprisingly, a transient HBV‐DNA increase between weeks 12 and 36 was observed in 12 in PEG‐IFNα/TDF‐treated and 12 PEG‐IFNα/PBO‐treated patients. This increase was positively associated with HBsAg loss [(P = 0.049, odds ratio (OR) 5.1] and HDV‐RNA suppression (P = 0.007, OR 4.1) at week 96. Biochemical markers of cell death (M30 and ALT) were higher during the HBV‐DNA peak but no distinct systemic immune pattern could be observed by screening 91 soluble inflammatory markers. In conclusion, an early increase in HBV‐DNA during PEG‐IFNα‐2a therapy occurred in more than 20% of patients, even in TDF‐treated patients. This transient HBV‐DNA rise may indicate PEG‐IFNα–induced cell death and lead to long‐term HDV‐RNA suppression and HBsAg loss.
Risk factors for candidaemia: A prospective multi‐centre case‐control study
Authors: Keighley Caitlin Livia , Pope Alun , Marriott Deborah J. E. , Chapman Belinda , Bak Narin , Daveson Kathryn , Hajkowicz Krispin , Halliday Catriona , Kennedy Karina , Kidd Sarah , Sorrell Tania C. , Underwood Neil , van Hal Sebastiaan , Slavin Monica A. , Chen Sharon C‐A 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesCandidaemia carries a mortality of up to 40% and may be related to increasing complexity of medical care. Here, we determined risk factors for the development of candidaemia.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multi‐centre, case‐control study over 12 months. Cases were aged ≥18 years with at least one blood culture positive for Candida spp. Each case was matched with two controls, by age within 10 years, admission within 6 months, admitting unit, and admission duration at least as long as the time between admission and onset of candidaemia.ResultsA total of 118 incident cases and 236 matched controls were compared. By multivariate analysis, risk factors for candidaemia included neutropenia, solid organ transplant, significant liver, respiratory or cardiovascular disease, recent gastrointestinal, biliary or urological surgery, central venous access device, intravenous drug use, urinary catheter and carbapenem receipt.ConclusionsRisk factors for candidaemia derive from the infection source, carbapenem use, host immune function and organ‐based co‐morbidities. Preventive strategies should target iatrogenic disruption of mucocutaneous barriers and intravenous drug use.
Chronic kidney disease is a very significant comorbidity for high risk of death in patients with COVID‐19 in Mexico
Authors: Parra‐Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel , Parra‐Bracamonte Francisco E. , Lopez‐Villalobos Nicolas , Lara‐Rivera Ana Laura 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a recognized public health problem and key determinant of poor health outcomes. In Mexico, this condition has been associated with high and significant risk of death in COVID‐19 patients; however, not enough attention has been given to the vulnerable population as the increasing numbers and fatality rates suggest. This study evaluated the effect of interaction between CKD condition and other risk factors (sex, diabetes, hypertension and obesity) on the survival rate of positive patients for COVID‐19 in Mexico. The results from this study support that CKD patients is a population at high risk for mortality for COVID‐19 and that COVID‐19 positive inpatients with CKD and diabetes are highly vulnerable to death.