bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral measurements in the plasma of microwave and magnetron discharges
Authors: Shipilova O I , Chernikh A A , Paperny V L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Spectroscopic methods were used to study the parameters of a low-power (≤ 100 W) magnetron discharge plasma, as well as a low-pressure microwave discharge (6–40 Pa) in argon. It is shown that in the magnetron discharge the concentration of atoms and ions of the buffer gas (Ar) and the target material (Cu) decreases exponentially with distance from the target cathode and in the first case it occurs much more sharply. The temperature of electrons in a plasma stream, which is emitted by a discharge burning near the surface of the cathode, was estimated from the relative intensity of the spectral lines according to the LTE model and the coronal model. The values obtained in both cases were close, lying near 1 eV, and the temperature remained almost constant with the distance from the cathode. The electron temperature in the microwave discharge turned out to be almost constant over the cross section of the plasma column, while the concentration near the microwave emitter was 2–3 times higher than in the rest of the column.
Foil liner implosions with a nanosecond rise time of current through the liner
Authors: Sorokin S A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experiments on the implosion of cylindrical liners made of aluminum foil and mylar film with a deposited layer of aluminum. To reduce the rise time of current through a liner to several nanoseconds (1–3 ns), a low-density plasma was injected into the liner area. The experiments were carried out on the MIG generator at a current level through the liner of about 2 MA. A liner with a diameter of 1.8 mm, made of aluminum-deposited 2.5-μm thick mylar film, implodes in 11 ns and has a final velocity of 2×107 cm·s−1. The radius of pinched plasma is about 80–100 μm, which corresponds to a 20-fold radial convergence of the liner.
Tandem analyzer of plasma flow ions by energy, mass and charges
Authors: Strokin N A , Kazantsev A V , Bardakov V M , Nguyen The Thang , Kuz’mina A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article introduces the concept of a new analyzer of a multicomponent ion beam by energy, mass, and charge. The analyzer is constructed as a tandem, i.e. combining a Wien linear velocity filter (WLF) and a retarding field analyzer (RFA). The system is effective at separating the elements or the groups of elements in various experiments, for example, for plasma mass separation in the such design variants as WLF-RFA and RFA-WLF. It is worth noting that the device can work with ions characterized by a wide energy range. The results of experimental testing of the TANDEM analyzer (WLF-RFA) in a three-component plasma flow (Ne + Ar + Kr) generated by an anode layer plasma accelerator are presented. In the ion flow characterized by the energies ranging from 100 to 1500 eV, the TANDEM separated ions with relative masses ranging from 20.17 to 83.8 with a resolution of ~ 7 and charges ranging from 1 to 5. The resolution of WLF-RFA increases upon the growth in ion density in a multicomponent stream.
Formation of powerful plasma flow from substance of liquid electrolyte cathode
Authors: Tazmeev K K , Arslanov I M , Tazmeev B K , Tazmeev G K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The process of plasma flow formation using an electric discharge with liquid electrolyte cathode in the power range (25–39) kW was experimentally investigated. The discharge was created inside the chamber with walls of refractory material at a distance of 20 cm between electrodes. Sodium chloride aqueous solutions with concentrations of 0.1–0.2 mol·l−1 were used as electrolyte. The optimal conditions are revealed under which the heat losses on the electrodes are reduced. Plasma stream with a mass rate of 1.0–1.7 g·s−1 was obtained.
Optical emission study of plasma vortex rings at atmospheric pressure air
Authors: Volodin L Y , Kamrukov A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of high-speed spectral measurements of the emission spectrum of plasma-vortex formations formed by an atmospheric pulsed plasma torch based on an electrical explosion of a conductor. Spectrum registration is carried out in the stage of autonomous existence of vortex formations. It is shown that the emission spectrum contains the Planck continuum, due to the presence of condensed oxides, and the molecular bands of AlO. Based on the obtained data, the dependence of the temperature dynamics over time was obtainedby the method of spectral pyrometry.
Gaseous discharge plasma switching in oversized interference microwave switches
Authors: Artemenko S N , Gorev S A , Igumnov V S , Novikov S A , Yushkov Yu G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The first results of the study of gaseous discharge plasma switching in oversized interference switches of X-band active resonant microwave compressors are presented. The switching occured in a mixture of argon and air at atmospheric pressure in the mode of spontaneous breakdown. The breakdown was initiated by a sizable conductive discontinuity represented by a section of thin copper conductor of different lengths not exceeding the working wave length. The section was introduced inside the gaseous discharge quartz tube into the switching arm of the switch through the below cut off circular waveguide. The tube formed the discharge gap in the arm and was located coaxially in the circular waveguide. The tube was located at the antinode area of the electric field standing wave parallel to lines of electric force. The threshold nature of effective switching was proved. The switching efficiency as a function of the conductor length is obtained. The model of the switch was proposed and analyzed by the scattering matrix method within single-wave approximation. The calculation results were in substantial agreement with the experimental data. The operation of two oversized switches in a cascade circuit was studied. It is shown, that in switching circuits of these type formed by one or several oversized H-tees, the switching identical to processes in a conventional switch based on a single-wave H-tee is possible.
The transmission spectrum switching speed of electromagnetic band gap plasma structure
Authors: Babitski V S , Callegari Th , Simonchik L V , Sokoloff J , Usachonak M S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The transmission spectrum switching speed of electromagnetic band gap (EBG) plasma structure formed by pulse discharges at atmospheric pressure was under investigation. The ability to obtain a nanosecond transmission spectrum switching time of plasma EBG structures was demonstrated. The time resolved Hα and Hβ lines profiles were registered. Time behaviour of electron density during the discharge and time evolution of electron concentration were determined. The dependence of current growth rate and fall rate of transmitted microwave power on the applied voltage pulses were determined.
EHD cell parameters and collector effective area
Authors: Babushkin M D , Kashin A V , Antipova K G 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the effect of the collector electrode surface area (and the collector mass) on the thrust characteristics atmospheric air wire to drop EHD cell of the system. While the experiment the perimeter of the receiving electrode changed, and the length of the collector remained unconverted.
Application of a forevacuum plasma source of a focused electron beam for cutting quartz glass
Authors: Bakeev I Yu , Klimov A S , Oks E M , Zenin A A 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper presents the results of studies of the effect of electron beam parameters on the geometric dimensions of the hole created in quartz glass by an electron beam with the power density of up to 106W·cm−2generated by a forevacuum plasma source. It is shown that the electron beam with such specific power is capable of creating holes up to several centimeters deep. At the same time with the passage of time the hole acquires an established form. The dependences of the geometrical dimensions of the steady-state form of the hole depending on the parameters of the electron beam are presented.
Effect of UV irradiation and diffuse plasma on surface properties of micro-arc calcium phosphate coatings
Authors: Chebodeva V V , Komarova E G , Erofeev M V , Ripenko V S , Sharkeev Yu P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The influence of UV irradiation or plasma of runaway electron preionized diffuse discharge (REP DD) post-modification on the surface properties of the calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings formed by the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method was investigated. The formed MAO-coatings had porous structure and rough surface morphology with incorporation of spheroidal structural elements with inner pores. It was showed that the UV irradiation or REP DD post-treatment of the MAO-coatings led to the decrease of the coating contact angels with water from 20 to 0 or to 7 degrees, respectively. However, the free surface energy of the coatings did not change after post-treatments and equalled to 74±1 mJ·m−2. The polar component of the free surface energy of the all types of the coatings exceeded almost 5–6 times the dispersion component that indicated the presence of strong polar bonds on the coating surface, e. g. OH- and PO4-groups.
Acceleration of heavy ions in the hall accelerator
Authors: Chikhachev A S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The process of acceleration of heavy ions in the Hall accelerator is studied. Numerical solutions of one – dimensional hydrodynamic equations describing a three-component system-neutral particles, electrons and ions-are obtained. Ions move in a collisionless manner and are accelerated by a self-consistent electric field, electrons diffuse across the magnetic field. The self-consistent field is calculated using the Poisson equation, and it is shown that there is no singularity when the ion velocity coincides with the ion sound velocity. It is also shown that there is a critical magnetic field above which it is impossible to propagate the ion flow.
Effect of gas pressure and pulse duration on dry reforming of methane in nanosecond spark discharge
Authors: Filatov I E , Kuznetsov D L , Uvarin V V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the results of experiments on dry reforming of methane under the action of a nanosecond spark discharge at medium pressures up to 5 atm. High-voltage pulse generators with pulse length of 1 to 15 ns and voltage pulse amplitude of 50 to 200 kV were used to power the discharge. It was demonstrated that the spark discharge efficiency significantly exceeds the corona and diffuse discharge efficiency. With increasing pressure, the methane conversion value decreases, and the specific energy consumption increases. As the pulse length increases, the conversion value increases due to the increase in the energy deposition in the gas. The lowest energy consumption for the conversion of a methane molecule was 20 eV per molecule at pressure of 1 atm and discharge pulse length of 15 ns.
High-rate low-temperature PVD of thick 10 μm α-alumina coatings
Authors: Gavrilov N V , Kamenetskikh A S , Tretnikov P V , Chukin A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
α-Al2O3 coatings have been deposited by evaporation of Al in an anodic arc with a growth rate of ~ 5 μm·h−1 at 640°C under the conditions of low ionization of the Al vapors and an increased concentration of atomic oxygen, which has been achieved by the use of a hollow anode.Intensive (current density up to 15 mA·cm−2) low-energy (50 eV) ion bombardment has provided deposition of adhesive single-phase nanocrystalline (50–150 nm) α-Al2O3 coatings with a thickness of up to 10 μm with low intrinsic stresses (1.5 GPa) and low microstrains of the crystal lattice (less than 0.1%). The composition of the discharge plasma has been determined using the optical spectroscopy method. The effect of the O2 flow and the hollow anode current on the growth rate of the alumina coatings has been investigated and it has been shown that the increasing degree of O2 dissociation promotes an increase in the growth rate of coatings.
Advanced functional coatings deposited using supersonic atmospheric plasma spraying
Authors: Gulyaev I P , Kuzmin V I , Kornienko E E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the latest results of the ITAM team’s work in the development of the supersonic version of a spraying DC plasma torch «PNK-50» and demonstrates possibilities of Supersonic-APS method. Increasing the speed of the plasma flow to the level of 2000–2500 m·s−1 has allowed deposition of functional coatings with outstanding properties. Thus, using the low-enthalpy (low-temperature) S-APS regime, low porosity (P = 0.3–1.6%) wear-resistant coatings from powder materials of NiCr alloy and WC/CoCr carbide composite were obtained, demonstrating characteristics previously available only to high-speed HVOF and DS methods. The use of the high-enthalpy (high-temperature) regime of S-APS provided spraying of refractory yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) oxide coatings with porosity of only 2.5% using conventional powder feedstock. The methods of SPS and LPPS made it possible to obtain advanced coatings of YSZ ceramics: thermal barrier coatings (TBC) with a columnar structure and high-density gas-tight coatings. Also ceramic coatings with a pronounced bimodal surface profile were obtained demonstrating super-hydrophobic effect.
Low temperature ICP etching of InP/InGaAsP heterostructure in Cl2-based plasma
Authors: Ishutkin S V , Arykov V S , Yunusov I V , Stepanenko M V , Troyan P E , Zhidik Y S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the process development results of low temperature ICP etching of InP/InGaAsP heterostructure in a Cl2/Ar/N2 plasma using multi-stage process. It is shown that the introduction of additional polishing etch steps effectively removes defect layer formed after etching of the heterostructure. The angle of inclination of the side walls of the elements formed by etching reached 87°, while the thickness of the defect layer did not exceed 80 nm.
Structure and properties of Ni-Cr-B-Si powder coating formed on A356Gr steel using a combined method
Authors: Ivanov Yu F , Klopotov A A , Potekaev A I , Abzaev Yu A , Ivanova O V , Kalashnikov M P , Chumaevskiy A V , Volokitin O G , Teresov A D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of the study of the phase and elemental composition, the state of the defective substructure, the mechanical and tribological properties of the powder coating of the Ni-Cr-B-Si system formed on A356Gr1 steel using a combined method, which includes plasma spraying and the subsequent irradiation with an intense pulsed electron beam in the melting mode of the surface layer, are presented. It is shown that the combined treatment is accompanied by formation of a surface layer with a thickness up to 1500 microns, the microhardness and the wear resistance of which manifold exceed the corresponding characteristics of the reference steel.
Evolution of steam and plasma plume generation on pulse laser action on the surface of metal in water
Authors: Ivanov A Yu , Kapytski A V , Vasil’ev S V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Evolution of steam and gas plume generation on the surface of the irradiated metal was investigated experimentally. It is shown that on using GOR-100M operating in free oscillating regime the form of a crater developed on being in water the irradiated target surface differs in essence from the topography of the crater developed on processing by laser pulse with the same parameters of the analogical target surrounded by air on normal pressure (105 Pa). It is pointed that the substantial difference of the forms of crater surfaces developed as a result of processing of the identical targets by laser pulses with the identical parameters of the identical targets being in water or air determines by principally different character of plasma and steam and gas mixture flow in the mentioned cases.
Characterization of α-Al2O3 coatings deposited by reactive evaporation in an anodic arc under high-current ion assistance
Authors: Kamenetskikh A S , Gavrilov N V , Tretnikov P V , Chukin A V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the mechanical and adhesive characteristics of α-Al2O3 coatings depositeedby reactive anodic evaporation of Al in an arc discharge at low-energy (50 eV) high-current (up to 15 mA·cm−2) ion assistance at 640°C. The coatings are characterized by a strong texture (300), which contributes to an increase in adhesive strength (the critical load at which the destruction of the coating is observed reaches 2560±29 mN). It was shown that there is an optimal discharge current (20 A), at which the best adhesion, the surface quality (Ra
= 13.4 nm, Rz
= 44.7 nm) and the resistance of elastic deformation of coatings (H/E = 0.08) are achieved.
Silicon coating deposition on NiTi substrate by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition
Authors: Kashin O A , Krukovskii K V , Slabodchikov V A , Lotkov A I 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the deposition of a silicon coating on a substrate of a nickel-titanium based alloy using plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII&D). It is shown that the PIII&D technique allows a nickel titanium substrate to be coated with an up to 3 μm thick amorphous silicon coating. The PIII&D time is found to have a decisive influence on the coating thickness. The magnitude of the bias voltage Us
has a much smaller effect on the thickness of the sputtered coating. To ensure a high adhesion of the coating to the substrate, the substrate must be preheated before PIII&D to a temperature of ≈ 300°C.
Influence of hydrogen content on ion nitriding of coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained VT6 titanium alloys
Authors: Khusainov Yu G , Nikolaev A A , Agzamov R D , Ramazanov K N , Tagirov A F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This work investigates low-temperature ion nitriding of coarse-grained VT6 titanium alloy performed at the temperature of 600°C with different hydrogen contents (0–30% H2). The optimum hydrogen content identified during the experiments with coarse-grained samples was used to further nitride ultrafine-grained VT6 titanium alloy at the temperature of 500°C. Microhardness distribution diagrams of and optical microstructure images were obtained; brittleness of the nitrated layer was estimated.
Study of SiO2 nanopowder produced by plasma arc method
Authors: Kosmachev P , Skripnikova N , Vlasov V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The work is devoted to the study of the plasma arc method of obtaining nanosized silicon oxide from natural raw materials from Russian fields, such as diatomite of Kamyshlovsk deposit (Sverdlovsk region), the quartzite of Chupinsk deposit (Republic of Karelia), quartz sand of Tugansk deposit (Tomsk region). The method of transmission electron microscopy was used to study the morphology. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method was used to study the surface. The main structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained nanoparticles were determined. The particles of nanoscale SiO2 obtained by the plasma arc method spherical shape, the size distribution 10–300 nm, the specific surface area 37–71 m2·g−1.
Oxidative plasma chemical transformations of C3-C4 alkanes
Authors: Kudryashov S V , Ryabov A Y , Ochered’ko A N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The results of oxidation of a propane-butane mixture (liquefied petroleum gas) with oxygen in a barrier discharge plasma in the presence of liquid octane are presented. The transformation of the initial mixture results in the formation of predominantly hydroxyl and carbonyl compounds of the initial gaseous C3-C4 hydrocarbons. The mechanism of hydrocarbon oxidation is similar to that of transformation of liquid hydrocarbons in the barrier discharge plasma. An increase in the initial concentration of the propane-butane mixture in the gas phase results in a decrease in the conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons and octane in one pass through the reactor. Calculations performed using the Bolsig+ program show that a reduction in conversion of gaseous hydrocarbons is due to a decrease in the rate constant of the oxygen dissociation reaction resulted from a decrease in the average electron energy from 4.1 to 3.4 eV. A mathematical expression is proposed, which allows predicting the direction of the plasma-chemical reaction.
The energy input mode influence on the efficiency of plasma water treatment in a bubble chamber
Authors: Kuznetsov V S , Sosnin E A , Panarin V A , Skakun V S , Pechenitsin D S , Tarasenko V F , Viktorova I A , Chudinova Y V 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The optimal time interval was found for plasma treatment of liquid using distilled water as an example. The positive effect of plasma-active water on the agricultural crops growth is shown. The synchronization task of chemically active particles formation and their entry into the liquid has been revealed.
Effect of electron beam irradiation on structural phase transformations of zirconia-based composite reinforced by alumina nanofibers and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Leonov A A , Ivanov Yu F , Kalashnikov M P , Abdulmenova E V , Paygin V D , Teresov A D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Evolution of microstructure, elemental and phase composition of dense zirconia-based composite under irradiation with electron beam were investigated. Tetragonal zirconia-based composite reinforced by 5 wt% alumina nanofibers and 0.5 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes was prepared by spark plasma sintering at a temperature of 1500°C. Irradiation of the composite was carried out with a low-energy pulsed electron beam of submillisecond duration in the following mode: beam energy density 15 J·cm−2; pulse duration 200 μs; pulse repetition rate 0.3 s−1; pulses quantity 10, 20, 30 and 40; residual gas pressure (argon) in the working camera 10−2 Pa. It has been established that electron beam treatment leads to the formation of modified multilayered surface, the thickness of which varies from 6 to 40 μm. Redistribution of Al atoms in the modified surface layer was detected. The phase evolution dependent on the quantity of irradiation pulses and manifested in the crystalline structure of material.