bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binomial stub loaded compact Vivaldi antenna for superwideband applications
Authors: Gorai Abhik , Ghatak Rowdra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA compact antipodal Vivaldi antenna with superwideband characteristics is presented in this paper. For improved matching of input impedance at lower frequency region, techniques like binomial tapering of outer edges, binomial slit loaded outer edge, and protruded binomial tapered stub loading have been adopted. The antenna operates in a wide frequency range from 2 to 20 GHz. Experimental results show, stable radiation pattern with peak realized gain of more than 8 dBi, group delay within 1 ns, 164% fractional bandwidth, radiation efficiency of more than 90%, which are in good agreement with the simulated results. The compact size of the proposed antenna (1.14λ0 × 1.21λ0) with wide frequency bandwidth and directional radiation characteristics make it suitable for through-wall radar and medical imaging applications.
Experimental evaluation of real-time sigma-delta radio over fiber system for fronthaul applications
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Usman , Jung Hyun , Traverso Pier Andrea , Tartarini Giovanni 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSigma-delta radio over fiber (ΣΔ-RoF) is an expedient technology for next-generation networks including 5G cloud/centralized radio access networks (C-RAN). In this article, we demonstrate a realistic experimental scenario for ΣΔ-RoF link targeting C-RAN fronthaul applications, by using baseband second-order 1-bit sigma-delta modulation (ΣΔ-M). The experimental set-up validates the LTE 20 MHz signals having modulation order of 256-quadrature amplitude modulation for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz, up to 10 km of standard single mode fiber. A detailed analysis of the ΣΔ-RoF system performance is reported by adjacent channel leakage ratio and error vector magnitude. Furthermore, an experimental study is evaluated where ΣΔ-RoF is compared with its counterparts. It is deduced that ΣΔ-RoF corroborates the present range of C-RAN fronthaul networks and can be a promising candidate for future mobile haul applications.
Planarity of N-aryl in appended 1,2,4-triazole-based o-carboranyl luminophores: a key factor to control intramolecular charge transfer
Authors: Kim Mingi , Ryu Chan Hee , Hong Ju Hyun , Lee Ji Hye , Hwang Hyonseok , Lee Kang Mun 
Published: September 2020

The distinct difference in the photophysical characteristics between two triazole-based o-carboranes revealed that the planarity of aryl groups strongly influences intramolecular-charge-transfer-based emission.
Interaction between the apelinergic system and ACE2 in the cardiovascular system: therapeutic implications
Authors: Chatterjee Paulami , Gheblawi Mahmoud , Wang Kaiming , Vu Jeannie , Kondaiah Palsa , Oudit Gavin Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe apelinergic system is widely expressed and acts through autocrine and paracrine signaling to exert protective effects, including vasodilatory, metabolic, and inotropic effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. The apelin pathway’s dominant physiological role has delineated therapeutic implications for coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), aortic aneurysm, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and transplant vasculopathy. Apelin peptides interact with the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) by promoting angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transcription leading to increased ACE2 protein and activity while also antagonizing the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II). Apelin modulation of the RAS by increasing ACE2 action is limited due to its rapid degradation by proteases, including ACE2, neprilysin (NEP), and kallikrein. Apelin peptides are hence tightly regulated in a negative feedback manner by ACE2. Plasma apelin levels are suppressed in pathological conditions, but its diagnostic and prognostic utility requires further clinical exploration. Enhancing the beneficial actions of apelin peptides and ACE2 axes while complementing existing pharmacological blockade of detrimental pathways is an exciting pathway for developing new therapies. In this review, we highlight the interaction between the apelin and ACE2 systems, discuss their pathophysiological roles and potential for treating a wide array of CV diseases (CVDs).
The parallelism between galaxy clusters and early-type galaxies
Authors: Chiosi C. , D’Onofrio M. , Merlin E. , Piovan L. , Marziani P. 
Published: September 2020

Context. This is the third study of a series dedicated to the observed parallelism of properties between galaxy clusters and groups (GCGs) and early-type galaxies (ETGs).
Aims. Here we investigate the physical origin of the mass–radius relation (MRR).
Methods. Having collected literature data on masses and radii for objects going from globular clusters (GCs) to ETGs and GCGs, we set up the MR plane and compare the observed distribution with the MRR predicted by theoretical models for both the monolithic and hierarchical scenarios.
Results. We argue that the distribution of stellar systems in the MR plane is due to complementary mechanisms: (i) on one hand, as shown in Paper II, the relation of the virial equilibrium intersects with a relation that provides the total luminosity as a function of the star formation history; (ii) on the other hand, the locus predicted for the collapse of systems should be convolved with the statistical expectation for the maximum mass of the halos at each cosmic epoch. This second aspect provides a natural boundary limit explaining both the curved distribution observed in the MR plane and the existence of a zone of avoidance.
Conclusions. The distribution of stellar systems in the MR plane is the result of two combined evolutions, that of the stellar component and that of the halo component.
High-resolution spectroscopic study of massive blue and red supergiants in Perseus OB1
Authors: de Burgos A. , Simon-Díaz S. , Lennon D. J. , Dorda R. , Negueruela I. , Urbaneja M. A. , Patrick L. R. , Herrero A. 
Published: September 2020

Context.The Perseus OB1 association, including thehandχPersei double cluster, is an interesting laboratory for the investigation of massive star evolution as it hosts one of the most populous groupings of blue and red supergiants (Sgs) in the Galaxy at a moderate distance and extinction.Aims.We discuss whether the massive O-type, and blue and red Sg stars located in the Per OB1 region are members of the same population, and examine their binary and runaway status.Methods.We gathered a total of 405 high-resolution spectra for 88 suitable candidates around 4.5 deg from the center of the association, and compiled astrometric information fromGaiaDR2 for all of them. This was used to investigate membership and identify runaway stars. By obtaining high-precision radial velocity (RV) estimates for all available spectra, we investigated the RV distribution of the global sample (as well as different subsamples) and identified spectroscopic binaries (SBs).Results.Most of the investigated stars belong to a physically linked population located atd= 2.5 ± 0.4 kpc. We identify 79 confirmed or likely members, and 5 member candidates. No important differences are detected in the distribution of parallaxes when stars inhandχPersei or the full sample are considered. In contrast, most O-type stars seem to be part of a differentiated population in terms of kinematical properties. In particular, the percentage of runaways among them (45%) is considerable higher than for the more evolved targets (which is lower than ∼5% in all cases). A similar tendency is also found for the percentage of clearly detected SBs, which already decreases from 15% to 10% when the O star and B Sg samples are compared, respectively, and practically vanishes in the cooler Sgs. Concerning this latter result, our study illustrates the importance of taking the effect of the ubiquitous presence of intrinsic variability in the blue-to-red Sg domain into account to avoid the spurious identification of pulsating stars as SBs.Conclusions.All but 4 stars in our working sample (including 10 O giants/Sgs, 36 B Sgs, 9 B giants, 11 A/F Sgs, and 18 red Sgs) can be considered as part of the same (interrelated) population. However, any further attempt to describe the empirical properties of this sample of massive stars in an evolutionary context must take into account that an important fraction of the O stars is or likely has been part of a binary/multiple system. In addition, some of the other more evolved targets may have also been affected by binary evolution. In this line of argument, it is also interesting to note that the percentage of spectroscopic binaries within the evolved population of massive stars in Per OB1 is lower by a factor 4−5 than in the case of dedicated surveys of O-type stars in other environments that include a much younger population of massive stars.
Anaphylaxie bei rupturierter Echinokokkuszyste
Authors: Friebe Mathias , Große Düweler Christina , Theurer Sarah 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über eine 27-jährige syrische Patientin, die aufgrund eines Kollapses in die Notaufnahme kam. Die Anamnese war praktisch nicht zu erheben, sodass die klinische Symptomatik führend war.
Untersuchungen und Diagnose Es bestand ein Schock, mit einem Exanthem einhergehend. Zusätzlich fiel perioral Hämatin auf. Es erfolgte eine Sonografie mit Nachweis freier intraabdomineller Flüssigkeit sowie einer unklaren Veränderung im Oberbauch. Eine Ösophagogastroduodenoskopie erbrachte einen Ulkusnachweis, erklärte aber nicht das Geschehen. Die Computertomografie des Abdomens zeigte eine rupturierte Zyste.
Therapie und Verlauf Durch eine antiallergische Therapie erfolgte die Stabilisierung. Unter dem Verdacht einer Echinokokkuszyste aufgrund der Herkunft der Patientin und des Verlaufs wurde nach Gabe von Albendazol die Leberteilresektion durchgeführt. Der makroskopische Befund sowie die Histologie bestätigten den Verdacht.
Folgerung Eine unklare klinische Symptomatik, die mit einem Schock einhergeht, sollte bei Ausschluss einer Sepsis oder Blutung immer eine allergische Reaktion berücksichtigen. Kommt es zu einer Anaphylaxie, so ist immer eine Echinokokkose differenzialdiagnostisch miteinzubeziehen.
Vertrag zur prolongierten Beatmungsentwöhnung der AOK Hessen-Methodik und erste Erfahrungen
Authors: Giese Dagmar , Blau Jörg , Knüppel Walter , Neumann-Schiebener Aggi , Günther Andreas , Reinhardt Christian , Windisch Wolfram , Andreas Stefan 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Zahl der Patienten, die im Verlauf einer intensivmedizinischen Behandlung von einer invasiven Beatmung entwöhnt werden müssen, hat in den vergangenen Jahren stetig zugenommen. Ein Teil hiervon bleibt dauerhaft beatmet und muss im ambulanten Bereich betreut werden. Das Gros dieser Patienten ist allerdings nicht in einem erfahrenen Weaningzentrum behandelt worden. Es ist daher wahrscheinlich, dass noch „Weaningpotenzial“ bei einem Teil der Patienten besteht.Methoden Die AOK Hessen hat nach umfangreicher Analyse Ansatzpunkte zur Verbesserung dieser Situation entwickelt, die hier erstmalig vorgestellt werden. Als wesentlich wurden die fachliche Expertise der das Potenzial einschätzenden Ärzte (Weanigerfahrung bzw. Weaningzentrum), die Option der temporären Unterbringung der Patienten in den neu zu schaffenden Therapiezentren für außerklinische Beatmung (TAB) und die strukturierte ambulante Nachsorge erkannt.Ergebnisse Bei den TAB handelt es sich um extrastationäre Einheiten, welche einem Weaningzentrum angeschlossen sind. Hier sollen Patienten in wohnlicher Atmosphäre betreut werden, bei denen es bisher nicht gelang, sie von der Invasivbeatmung zu entwöhnen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der täglichen physiotherapeutischen und logopädischen Arbeit. Hierfür wird ein Zeitraum von bis zu 6 Monaten ermöglicht, in dem sich die muskuläre und kognitive Situation verbessern soll. Im Anschluss wird dann je nach Verlauf ein erneuter Weaningversuch im Weaningzentrum unternommen.Diskussion Das Konzept wird im folgenden Artikel ausführlich beschrieben. Erste Erfahrungen zeigen den relevanten Stellenwert der TAB in der Entwöhnung von der Beatmung.
Novel ultrathin double-balloon endoscopy for the diagnosis of small-bowel diseases: a multicenter nonrandomized study
Authors: Nakamura Masanao , Yano Tomonori , Esaki Motohiro , Oka Shiro , Mitsui Keigo , Hirai Fumihito , Kawasaki Keisuke , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Torisu Takehiro , Tanaka Shinji , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Kishi Masahiro , Matsumoto Takayuki , Yamamoto Hironori 
Published: September 2020

Background This study aimed to compare the markers of potential pancreatic injury during antegrade double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) using the newly developed ultrathin EN-580XP system and the conventional EN-580T system.
Methods Patients who were scheduled for antegrade DBE during daily clinical practice were enrolled. Clinical background, adverse events, and laboratory data of patients were compared between those who underwent endoscopy using the EN-580XP system and those in whom the EN-580T system was used. The primary end points were pancreatic hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia after DBE.
Results A total of 295 cases were registered. Pancreatic hyperamylasemia occurred in 2 of 92 patients (2.2 %) in the EN-580XP group and in 28 of 147 patients (19.1 %) in the EN-580 T diagnosis group (P < 0.001). Hyperlipasemia was significantly different between the two groups (1.1 % [EN-580XP] vs. 13.6 % [EN-580 T diagnosis]; P < 0.001). Acute pancreatitis occurred in four patients (7.1 %) in the EN-580 T therapy group. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the endoscope type EN-580 T was significantly associated with pancreatic hyperamylasemia (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 8.63, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.97 – 37.70; P < 0.01) and hyperlipasemia (adjusted OR 13.10, 95 %CI 1.70 – 100.70; P = 0.01).
Conclusions The EN-580XP system seemed less harmful to the pancreas during antegrade DBE.
Transconjunctival and Transcaruncular Approaches to the Orbit
Authors: Wolkow Natalie , Freitag Suzanne K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTranscaruncular and transconjunctival approaches are commonly used by ophthalmic plastic surgeons to access various orbital compartments. These approaches are versatile and may be combined with transnasal or transcranial approaches to the orbit to gain optimal access to challenging locations. A major advantage of the transcaruncular and transconjunctival approaches is the lack of a visible skin incision with excellent postoperative cosmesis. As with all orbital surgery, an in-depth knowledge of orbital anatomy and physiology, as well as meticulous hemostasis, is needed to prevent complications including globe injury, permanent vision loss, diplopia, and retrobulbar hemorrhage. This article reviews the surgical steps of these approaches. The indications for each approach and case examples are illustrated.
The “Sick-but-not-Dead” Phenomenon Applied to Catecholamine Deficiency in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Goldstein David S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine are key central neurotransmitters that participate in many neurobehavioral processes and disease states. Norepinephrine is also the main neurotransmitter mediating regulation of the circulation by the sympathetic nervous system. Several neurodegenerative disorders feature catecholamine deficiency. The most common is Parkinson's disease (PD), in which putamen dopamine content is drastically reduced. PD also entails severely decreased myocardial norepinephrine content, a feature that characterizes two other Lewy body diseases—pure autonomic failure and dementia with Lewy bodies. It is widely presumed that tissue catecholamine depletion in these conditions results directly from loss of catecholaminergic neurons; however, as highlighted in this review, there are also important functional abnormalities in extant residual catecholaminergic neurons. We refer to this as the “sick-but-not-dead” phenomenon. The malfunctions include diminished dopamine biosynthesis via tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and L-aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase (LAAAD), inefficient vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic catecholamines, and attenuated neuronal reuptake via cell membrane catecholamine transporters. A unifying explanation for catecholaminergic neurodegeneration is autotoxicity exerted by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), an obligate intermediate in cytoplasmic dopamine metabolism. In PD, putamen DOPAL is built up with respect to dopamine, associated with a vesicular storage defect and decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Probably via spontaneous oxidation, DOPAL potently oligomerizes and forms quinone-protein adducts with (“quinonizes”) α-synuclein (AS), a major constituent in Lewy bodies, and DOPAL-induced AS oligomers impede vesicular storage. DOPAL also quinonizes numerous intracellular proteins and inhibits enzymatic activities of TH and LAAAD. Treatments targeting DOPAL formation and oxidation therefore might rescue sick-but-not-dead catecholaminergic neurons in Lewy body diseases.
Pigmented Fungiform Papillae of the Tongue and Lingual Fimbriae as Single Presentation in Adult: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Parmadiati Adiastuti Endah , Marsetyo Riyan Iman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe normal variant in the oral mucosa is a nonpathological condition. Clinical examination must be carefully performed to avoid misdiagnosis as pathological condition. We reported two rare cases of pigmented fungiform papillae and lingual fimbria. Case 1 presented a 22-year-old Javanese man, with no systemic disease and several dark patches over the tongue for2 years. Case 2 presented a 21-year-old Javanese woman with dark patches over the dorsal and lateral of the tongue which had been known for over 4 to 5 months. Both patients had no systemic issues and there were no complaints about the patches. The dark patches, which appeared in both cases, were found together with linear small bumps on the ventral surface of the tongue and near the lingual frenulum. Further examination and specific treatment were not carried out, in accordance with the condition on the tongue.
Path to Perdition: Lessons Learnt from Inadequate Fixation of an L5 Fracture
Authors: Krishnan Prasad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPedicle screw fixation is a commonly performed operation following fractures of dorsal and lumbar spines. As neurosurgeons, our primary aim is decompression of neural structures and stabilization of the vertebral column. However, careful preoperative planning is imperative to restore the alignment of the spine in sagittal and coronal planes as otherwise implant failure and progressive deformity may result. Eleven years ago, I had operated on a 12-year-old child with an L5 fracture and cauda equina syndrome where no attempt was made to either do a corpectomy and reconstruct the body or reduce it by placing screws in the fractured segment or include additional levels in the construct. Over time he had only minimal improvement in neurological status. Unfortunately, there was sequential implant failure that led to eventual removal. The serial roentgenography in this case is described.
Netting Liver Disease: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Initiation and Exacerbation of Liver Pathology
Authors: Meijenfeldt Fien A. von , Jenne Craig N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe liver plays a vital role in the immune system. Its unique position in the portal circulation and the architecture of the hepatic sinusoids, in combination with the wide-ranged population of immunocompetent cells, make the liver function as an immune filter. To aid in pathogen clearance, once challenged, the liver initiates the rapid recruitment of a wide variety of inflammatory cells, including neutrophils. These neutrophils, in conjunction with platelets, facilitate the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are web-like structures of decondensed nuclear DNA, histones, and neutrophil proteins. NETs function as both a physical and a chemical barrier, binding and killing pathogens circulating in the blood stream. In addition to their antimicrobial role, NETs also bind platelets, activate coagulation, and exacerbate host inflammatory response. This interplay between inflammation and coagulation drives microvascular occlusion, ischemia, and (sterile) damage in liver disease. Although direct clinical evidence of this interplay is scarce, preliminary studies indicate that NETs contribute to progression of liver disease and (thrombotic) complications. Here, we provide an overview of the pathological mechanisms of NETs in liver disease. In addition, we summarize clinical evidence for NETs in different disease etiologies and complications of liver disease and discuss the possible implications for the use of NETs as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target in liver disease.
The Effect of Electronic Health Record Usability Redesign on Annual Screening Rates in an Ambulatory Setting
Authors: Pierce Robert P. , Eskridge Bernie R. , Rehard LeAnn , Ross Brandi , Day Margaret A. , Belden Jeffery L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objectives Improving the usability of electronic health records (EHR) continues to be a focus of clinicians, vendors, researchers, and regulatory bodies. To understand the impact of usability redesign of an existing, site-configurable feature, we evaluated the user interface (UI) used to screen for depression, alcohol and drug misuse, fall risk, and the existence of advance directive information in ambulatory settings.
Methods As part of a quality improvement project, based on heuristic analysis, the existing UI was redesigned. Using an iterative, user-centered design process, several usability defects were corrected. Summative usability testing was performed as part of the product development and implementation cycle. Clinical quality measures reflecting rolling 12-month rates of screening were examined over 8 months prior to the implementation of the redesigned UI and 9 months after implementation.
Results Summative usability testing demonstrated improvements in task time, error rates, and System Usability Scale scores. Interrupted time series analysis demonstrated significant improvements in all screening rates after implementation of the redesigned UI compared with the original implementation.
Conclusion User-centered redesign of an existing site-specific UI may lead to significant improvements in measures of usability and quality of patient care.
Placing Dental Implants through Impacted Teeth to Support a Fixed Partial Denture in a Geriatric Patient as an Alternative to Invasive Extraction Surgeries
Authors: Brinkmann Jorge Cortés-Bretón , Lobato-Peña Marina , Pérez-González Fabián , Molinero-Mourelle Pedro , Sánchez-Labrador Luis , Santos-Marino Juan , López-Quiles Juan , Martínez-González Jose María 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMultiple dental impactions not associated with craniofacial syndromes are a rare condition and present the dentist with a therapeutic challenge when it comes to performing surgical/restorative treatments in adult patients. This case report describes a geriatric patient with multiple impacted teeth restored by means of two different protocols. In the second quadrant, an impacted tooth was extracted followed by regeneration and placement of an implant. In the third quadrant, implants were placed though impacted teeth for restoration with a fixed partial prosthesis. Placing dental implants through impacted teeth may offer a possible therapeutic option for implant-supported restorations in middle-aged or elderly patients, for whom surgery and orthodontic traction are not possible, and/or patients who refuse to undergo more invasive extraction surgery.