bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal abundance and diel behavior of roughneck shrimps (species of Rimapenaeus Pérez Farfante & Kensley, 1997) (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae) in northwestern Florida Bay, Florida, USA
Authors: Criales Maria M , Zink Ian C , Robblee Michael B , Browder Joan A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA large number of roughneck shrimps, Rimapenaeus Pérez Farfante & Kensley, 1997, were collected in northwestern Florida Bay, southern Florida over four consecutive years (2000–2003) of monthly sampling during new-moon periods. Juveniles of Rimapenaeus spp. were more abundant than pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) juveniles, which are well-recognized and abundant inhabitants of Florida Bay. High Rimapenaeus spp. abundance was unexpected because the genus was previously reported only as occasional in Florida Bay. The populations of Rimapenaeus spp. were composed of late postlarvae and immature juveniles, suggesting that the northwestern border of Florida Bay serves as a nursery ground for this species. A clear seasonal recruitment pattern was observed with large peaks of postlarvae and small juveniles occurring in summer-fall and large juveniles in spring. The summer-fall peaks occurred during months with high mean water level and sea surface temperature; these two factors significantly predicted Rimapenaeus spp. abundance. Overnight hourly behavioral studies revealed that Rimapenaeus spp. juveniles were almost exclusively present in the water column during the dark hours of the ebb tide during current speed minimum. Juvenile abundance significantly differed between moon phases with shrimps being virtually absent during the illuminated full moon. These results indicate that Rimapenaeus spp. are phototactic negative, which may explain the low presence of this species in previous Florida Bay surveys conducted during daylight hours. This study highlights the previously unrecognized contribution of the abundance of juveniles of Rimapenaeus spp. to benthic-oriented crustacean communities of western Florida Bay and its border at the southwestern Florida Shelf.
Pilot Study Assessing Tolerability and Metabolic Effects of Metformin in Patients With Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Walcott Farzana L , Wang Ping-Yuan , Bryla Christine M , Huffstutler Rebecca D , Singh Neha , Pollak Michael N , Khincha Payal P , Savage Sharon A , Mai Phuong L , Dodd Kevin W , Hwang Paul M , Fojo Antonio T , Annunziata Christina M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a highly penetrant autosomal dominant cancer predisposition disorder caused by germline TP53 pathogenic variants. Patients with LFS have increased oxidative phosphorylation capacity in skeletal muscle and oxidative stress in blood. Metformin inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, reducing available energy for cancer cell proliferation and decreasing production of reactive oxygen species that cause DNA damage. Thus, metformin may provide pharmacologic risk reduction for cancer in patients with LFS, but its safety in nondiabetic patients with germline TP53 pathogenic variants has not been documented.

Methods
This study assessed safety and tolerability of metformin in nondiabetic LFS patients and measured changes in metabolic profiles. Adult patients with LFS and germline TP53 variant received 14 weeks of metformin. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of serum insulin-like growth factor–1, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3. Hepatic mitochondrial function was assessed with fasting exhaled CO2 after ingestion of 13C-labeled methionine. Changes in serum metabolome were measured. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
We enrolled 26 participants: 20 females and 6 males. The most common adverse events were diarrhea (50.0%) and nausea (46.2%). Lactic acidosis did not occur, and there were no changes in fasting glucose. Cumulative mean 13C exhalation was statistically significantly suppressed by metformin (P = .001). Mean levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 were statistically significantly lowered (P = .02). Lipid metabolites and branched-chain amino acids accumulated.

Conclusions
Metformin was safe and tolerable in patients with LFS. It suppressed hepatic mitochondrial function as expected in these individuals. This study adds to the rationale for development of a pharmacologic risk-reduction clinical trial of metformin in LFS.
Elevated CO2 has concurrent effects on leaf and grain metabolism but minimal effects on yield in wheat
Authors: Tcherkez Guillaume , Ben Mariem Sinda , Larraya Luis , García-Mina Jose M , Zamarreño Angel M , Paradela Alberto , Cui Jing , Badeck Franz-Werner , Meza Diego , Rizza Fulvia , Bunce James , Han Xue , Tausz-Posch Sabine , Cattivelli Luigi , Fangmeier Andreas , Aranjuelo Iker 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
While the general effect of CO2 enrichment on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, N content, and yield has been documented, there is still some uncertainty as to whether there are interactive effects between CO2 enrichment and other factors, such as temperature, geographical location, water availability, and cultivar. In addition, the metabolic coordination between leaves and grains, which is crucial for crop responsiveness to elevated CO2, has never been examined closely. Here, we address these two aspects by multi-level analyses of data from several free-air CO2 enrichment experiments conducted in five different countries. There was little effect of elevated CO2 on yield (except in the USA), likely due to photosynthetic capacity acclimation, as reflected by protein profiles. In addition, there was a significant decrease in leaf amino acids (threonine) and macroelements (e.g. K) at elevated CO2, while other elements, such as Mg or S, increased. Despite the non-significant effect of CO2 enrichment on yield, grains appeared to be significantly depleted in N (as expected), but also in threonine, the S-containing amino acid methionine, and Mg. Overall, our results suggest a strong detrimental effect of CO2 enrichment on nutrient availability and remobilization from leaves to grains.
Inverse stellar population age gradients of post-starburst galaxies at z = 0.8 with LEGA-C
Authors: D’Eugenio Francesco , van der Wel Arjen , Wu (吳柏锋) Po-Feng , Barone Tania M , van Houdt Josha , Bezanson Rachel , Straatman Caroline M S , Pacifici Camilla , Muzzin Adam , Gallazzi Anna , Wild Vivienne , Sobral David , Bell Eric F , Zibetti Stefano , Mowla Lamiya , Franx Marijn 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We use deep, spatially resolved spectroscopy from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census Survey to study radial variations in the stellar population of 17 spectroscopically selected post-starburst (PSB) galaxies. We use spectral fitting to measure two Lick indices, H δA and Fe 4383 , and find that, on average, PSB galaxies have radially decreasing H δA and increasing Fe 4383  profiles. In contrast, a control sample of quiescent, non-PSB galaxies in the same mass range shows outwardly increasing H δA and decreasing Fe 4383 . The observed gradients are weak (≈−0.2 Å/Re), mainly due to seeing convolution. A two-SSP (simple stellar population) model suggests that intrinsic gradients are as strong as observed in local PSB galaxies (≈−0.8 Å/Re). We interpret these results in terms of inside-out growth (for the bulk of the quiescent population) versus star formation occurring last in the centre (for PSB galaxies). At z ≈ 0.8, central starbursts are often the result of gas-rich mergers, as evidenced by the high fraction of PSB galaxies with disturbed morphologies and tidal features (40 per cent). Our results provide additional evidence for multiple paths to quiescence: a standard path, associated with inside-out disc formation and with gradually decreasing star formation activity, without fundamental structural transformation, and a fast path, associated with centrally concentrated starbursts, leaving an inverse age gradient and smaller half-light radius.
The structure and stability of extended, inclined circumplanetary disc or ring systems
Authors: Speedie Jessica , Zanazzi J J 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Large dips in the brightness for a number of stars have been observed, for which the tentative explanation is occultation of the star by a transiting circumplanetary disc or ring system. In order for the circumplanetary disc/rings to block the host star’s light, the disc must be tilted out of the planet’s orbital plane, which poses stability problems due to the radial extent of the disc required to explain the brightness dip durations. This work uses N-body integrations to study the structure and stability of circumplanetary disc/ring systems tilted out of the planet’s orbital plane by the spinning planet’s mass quadrupole. Simulating the disc as a collection of test particles with orbits initialized near the Laplace surface (equilibrium between tidal force from host star and force from planet’s mass quadrupole), we find that many extended, inclined circumplanetary discs remain stable over the duration of the integrations ($\sim 3\!-\!16 \, {\rm Myr}$). Two dynamical resonances/instabilities excite the particle eccentricities and inclinations: the Lidov-Kozai effect which occurs in the disc’s outer regions, and ivection resonance which occurs in the disc’s inner regions. Our work places constraints on the maximum radial extent of inclined circumplanetary disc/ring systems, and shows that gaps present in circumplanetary discs do not necessarily imply the presence of exomoons.
Simulations of the radio polarization of a precessing pulsar PSR J1906+0746
Authors: Galishnikova A K , Philippov A A , Beskin V S 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
The recently constructed theory of radio wave propagation in the pulsar magnetosphere outlines the general aspects of the radio light curve and polarization formation. It allows us to describe general properties of mean profiles, such as the position angle of the linear polarization, and the circular polarization for the realistic structure of the pair creation region in the pulsar magnetosphere. In this work, we present an application of the radio wave propagation theory to the radio observations of pulsar PSR J1906+0746. This pulsar is particularly interesting because observations of relativistic spin precession in a binary system allow us to put strong constraints on its geometry. Because it is an almost orthogonal rotator, the pulsar allows us to observe both magnetic poles; as we show, this is crucial for testing the theory of radio wave propagation and obtaining constraints on the parameters of magnetospheric plasma. Our results show that plasma parameters are qualitatively consistent with theories of pair plasma production in polar cap discharges. Specifically, for PSR J1906+0746, we constrain the plasma multiplicity λ ∼ 103 and the Lorentz factor of secondary plasma γ ∼ a few hundred.
The age–chemical abundance structure of the Galactic disc – II. α-dichotomy and thick disc formation
Authors: Lian Jianhui , Thomas Daniel , Maraston Claudia , Beers Timothy C , Moni Bidin Christian , Fernández-Trincado José G , García-Hernández D A , Lane Richard R , Munoz Ricardo R , Nitschelm Christian , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Zamora Olga 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We extend our previous work on the age–chemical abundance structure of the Galactic outer disc to the inner disc (4 &lt; r &lt; 8  kpc) based on the SDSS/APOGEE survey. Different from the outer disc, the inner disc stars exhibit a clear bimodal distribution in the [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane. While a number of scenarios have been proposed in the literature, it remains challenging to recover this bimodal distribution with theoretical models. To this end, we present a chemical evolution model embedding a complex multiphase inner disc formation scenario that matches the observed bimodal [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] distribution. In this scenario, the formation of the inner disc is dominated by two main starburst episodes $6\,$Gyr apart with secular, low-level star formation activity in between. In our model, the first starburst occurs at early cosmic times ($t\sim 1\,$ Gyr) and the second one $6\,$ Gyr later at a cosmic time of $t\sim 7\,$ Gyr. Both these starburst episodes are associated with gas accretion events in our model, and are quenched rapidly. The first starburst leads to the formation of the high-α sequence, and the second starburst leads to the formation of the metal-poor low-α sequence. The metal-rich low-α stars, instead, form during the secular evolution phase between the two bursts. Our model shows that the α-dichotomy originates from the rapid suppression of star formation after the first starburst. The two starburst episodes are likely to be responsible for the formation of the geometric thick disc (z &gt;1 kpc), with the old inner thick disc and the young outer thick disc forming during the first and the second starbursts, respectively.
Interpreting the Spitzer/IRAC colours of 7 ≤ z ≤ 9 galaxies: distinguishing between line emission and starlight using ALMA
Authors: Roberts-Borsani G W , Ellis R S , Laporte N 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Prior to the launch of JWST, Spitzer/IRAC photometry offers the only means of studying the rest-frame optical properties of z &gt;7 galaxies. Many such high-redshift galaxies display a red [3.6]−[4.5] micron colour, often referred to as the ‘IRAC excess’, which has conventionally been interpreted as arising from intense [O iii]+H β emission within the [4.5] micron bandpass. An appealing aspect of this interpretation is similarly intense line emission seen in star-forming galaxies at lower redshift as well as the redshift-dependent behaviour of the IRAC colours beyond z ∼ 7 modelled as the various nebular lines move through the two bandpasses. In this paper, we demonstrate that, given the photometric uncertainties, established stellar populations with Balmer (4000 Å rest frame) breaks, such as those inferred at z &gt; 9 where line emission does not contaminate the IRAC bands, can equally well explain the redshift-dependent behaviour of the IRAC colours in 7 ≲ z ≲ 9 galaxies. We discuss possible ways of distinguishing between the two hypotheses using ALMA measures of [O iii] λ88 micron and dust continuum fluxes. Prior to further studies with JWST, we show that the distinction is important in determining the assembly history of galaxies in the first 500 Myr.
Activation of DNA-PK by hairpinned DNA ends reveals a stepwise mechanism of kinase activation
Authors: Meek Katheryn 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As its name implies, the DNA dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) requires DNA double-stranded ends for enzymatic activation. Here, I demonstrate that hairpinned DNA ends are ineffective for activating the kinase toward many of its well-studied substrates (p53, XRCC4, XLF, HSP90). However, hairpinned DNA ends robustly stimulate certain DNA-PK autophosphorylations. Specifically, autophosphorylation sites within the ABCDE cluster are robustly phosphorylated when DNA-PK is activated by hairpinned DNA ends. Of note, phosphorylation of the ABCDE sites is requisite for activation of the Artemis nuclease that associates with DNA-PK to mediate hairpin opening. This finding suggests a multi-step mechanism of kinase activation. Finally, I find that all non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) defective cells (whether deficient in components of the DNA-PK complex or components of the ligase complex) are similarly deficient in joining DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) with hairpinned termini.
Gender Differences in Preoperative Opioid Use in Spine Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Chung-Wang , Lo Yu Tung , Devi Sharmila , Seo Yookyung , Simon Angela , Zborovancik Kelsey , Alsheikh Mona Y , Lamba Nayan , Smith Timothy R , Mekary Rania A , Aglio Linda S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Opioids are frequently used in spine surgeries despite their adverse effects, including physical dependence and addiction. Gender difference is an important consideration for personalized treatment. There is no review assessing the prevalence of opioid use between men and women before spine surgeries.

Design
We compared the prevalence of preoperative opioid use between men and women.

Setting
Spine surgery.

Subjects
Comparison between men and women.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched from inception to November 9, 2018. Clinical characteristics and prevalence of preoperative opioid use were collected. Where feasible, data were pooled from nonoverlapping studies using random-effects models.

Results
Four studies with nonoverlapping populations were included in the meta-analysis (one prospective, three retrospective cohorts). The prevalence of preoperative opioid use was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.40–0.83). Comparing men with women, no statistically significant difference in preoperative opioid use was detected (relative risk [RR] = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.96–1.02). Surgery location (cervical, lumbar) and study duration (more than five years or five years or less) did not modify this association. All involved open spine surgery. Only one secondary analysis provided data on both pre- and postoperative opioid use stratified by gender, which showed a borderline significantly higher prevalence of postoperative use in women than men.

Conclusions
The prevalence of opioid use before spine surgery was similar between men and women, irrespective of surgery location or study duration. More studies characterizing the pattern of opioid use between genders are still needed.
Changes in Experimental Pain Sensitivity from Using Home-Based Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Suchting Robert , Kapoor Shweta , Mathis Kenneth B , Ahn Hyochol 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examined the effects of home-based remotely supervised transcranial direct current stimulation on quantitative sensory testing measurements in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Participants were hypothesized to experience improved pain measurements over time.DesignOpen-label, single-arm trial.SettingSoutheast Texas between March and November 2018 at a nursing school and participant homes.SubjectsOlder adults (aged 50–85 years) with self-reported unilateral or bilateral knee osteoarthritis pain who met eligibility criteria set by the American College of Rheumatology.MethodsThe intervention was applied with a constant current intensity for 20 minutes every weekday for two weeks (10 total sessions). Quantitative measures of pain were collected three times over 10 days (days 1, 5, and 10) and included heat threshold and tolerance, pressure pain threshold, punctate mechanical pain, pain, and conditioned pain modulation. Analyses used nonparametric tests to evaluate differences between day 1 and day 10. Generalized linear mixed models were then used to evaluate change across all three time points for each measure. Bayesian inference was used to provide the posterior probability of longitudinal effects.ResultsNonparametric tests found improvements in seven measures, and longitudinal models supported improvements in 10 measures, with some nonlinear effects.ConclusionsThe home-based, remotely supervised intervention improved quantitative measurements of pain in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. This study contributes to the growing body of literature supporting home-based noninvasive stimulation interventions.
Who Is Afraid of BlackRock?
Authors: Massa Massimo , Schumacher David , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We exploit the merger between BlackRock and Barclays Global Investors to study how changes in expected ownership concentration affect the investment behavior of funds and the cross-section of stocks worldwide. We find that funds with open-end structures and large exposure to commonly held stocks begin avoiding these stocks following the merger announcement. This leads to a permanent change in the composition of institutional ownership and a negative price and liquidity impact. We confirm these results in a large sample of global asset management mergers. Our findings suggest that market participants behave strategically in response to changes in expected financial fragility.
OFF-SITE RADIOLOGICAL DOSE ASSESSMENT IN A SEVERE NUCLEAR ACCIDENT OF APR1400
Authors: Uddin Gazi Muhammad Borhan , Kim Juyoul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Shin Kori unit 3 of Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co. is the pressurized water reactor of advanced power reactor 1400 (APR1400) in the Republic of Korea. A hypothetical accident was assumed for Shin Kori unit 3 to perform the time-dependent dose calculations along with the release rates of radionuclides to the environment. In order to assess the accident scenarios, Radiological Assessment System for Consequence Analysis code was used, which is a set of tools for emergency response applications developed by US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. A straight-line Gaussian model was used for the near-field atmospheric calculations and a Lagrangian Gaussian puff model was used for the far-field simulations where released radioactive materials to the environment were transported, dispersed and deposited. In this study, long-term station blackout in spring, summer, autumn and winter season was considered in 2016–2018 based on reactor condition and seasonal effects. It was found that the worst season is the spring and the worst scenario found during the evening time of spring in 2017. The calculated maximum values of total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) and thyroid committed dose equivalent (CDE) are 22 mSv and 390 mSv, respectively, around 5 km of precautionary action zone (PAZ) in 2 days after the accident. According to Korean regulations on urgent public protective actions, for indoor sheltering, the criteria are 10 mSv in 2 days. For public evacuation 50 mSv in 1 week and iodine prophylaxis should be introduced if thyroid protection level is 100 mSv. Calculated values of TEDE are more than double and thyroid CDE is almost four times in the PAZ compared with Korean regulations; hence, it was found that indoor sheltering and supply of iodine prophylaxis should be executed for short/mid-term protective measures. In this situation, indoor sheltering should be decided by off-site emergency management center, which was accountable for emergency decision-making process in nuclear accident under nuclear safety and security commission in Korea.
Being a Disadvantaged Criminal Defendant: Mistrust and Resistance in Attorney-Client Interactions
Authors: Clair Matthew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearchers have documented the power of legal officials to administer sanctions, from arrest to court surveillance and incarceration. How do those subject to punishment interact with officials and attempt to subvert their power? Drawing on interviews and ethnographic observations among 63 criminal defendants and 42 legal officials in the Boston-area court system, this article considers how socioeconomically and racially disadvantaged defendants interact with their defense attorneys, and with what consequences. Given racialized and classed constraints, many disadvantaged defendants mistrust their court-appointed lawyers. Their mistrust often results in withdrawal from their lawyers and active efforts to cultivate their own legal knowledge and skills. Defendants use their lay legal expertise to work around and resist the authority of their lawyers. Defense attorneys and judges respond with silencing and coercion, given the unwritten norms and rules of the court. These findings complicate existing accounts of disadvantaged defendants as passive actors and contribute to cultural sociological and relational theories of how people engage with professionals across institutional spaces. Unlike in mainstream institutions such as schools and hospitals where self-advocacy is rewarded in interactions, criminal court officials reject disadvantaged defendants’ attempts to advocate for themselves.