bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Peasantry is Dead, Long Live the Peasantry!
Authors: Farmer Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The trente glorieuses, “thirty glorious years” of rapid postwar modernization, transformed France into an efficient agricultural powerhouse between 1950 and 1980. Deep structural changes benefitted those able to become modern farmers and precipitated the economic collapse of small peasant farms. Poor, remote regions emptied as young people left for jobs and a higher standard of living in cities. The modernization of agriculture was part of a state-led program of targeted regional development and planning carried out under the auspices of the DATAR, France’s national agency for “territorial balancing.” Ultimately urban development, the decentralization of industry, and the building of a modern infrastructure for communication, transportation, and energy production took precedence over the needs of agriculture. New demands placed on rural space for residential use, tourism and recreation, and protected natural sites created a multiuse landscape. Not only were farmers no longer peasants, the countryside was no longer just farmland.
Rigor in Historical Analysis
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 presents a framework for examining the large-scale historical questions posed by The Southern Key, discussing both issues of philosophy of social science and the main theoretical constructs that underpin the work. It argues for the centrality of the economy, in contrast to the currently popular cultural analysis. It also examines what allows workers to have power in capitalist societies, and why some groups of workers have more leverage than others. And it highlights the central role of leadership in determining the successes and failures of labor struggles.
The Vanguard
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines coal miners during the 1930s through the 1950s, when coal was a central industry both for the U.S. economy and for the growth of industrial unionism. It highlights the vanguard role they played in the labor movement in general and in society at large, especially in the South. It also examines their solidarity and their ability and willingness to help workers in virtually every other industry. They were one of the few groups in the old AFL that had a public commitment to racial equality and a good record on that score. The chapter exposes the myth—accepted by the vast majority of analysts—that coal miner union organizing was facilitated by governmental legislation, especially Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act.
Social Movement Upsurge
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 looks at the social movements of the 1930s and 1940s, their historical uniqueness, and how they gave support to and magnified the strength of labor movements, especially in the South—a distinguishing feature of this era. First and foremost were the struggles of the unemployed, led mostly by leftists, often Communists. The chapter also looks at the role of farmers, sharecroppers, and tenants, as well as the special role of civil rights organizations, north and south.
Paul Bunyan and the “Frozen Logger”
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 highlights the wood industry, one of the largest industries in the country. Most of the woodworkers were located in the South, and half of those workers were African-American. Woodworkers successfully organized in the Northwest and Canada, the other two centers of the industry. Despite a perceived willingness of southern woodworkers to unionize, this did not happen. The chapter attributes most of the problems to an incompetent, right-wing, racially backward leadership, which was installed by the CIO national office before World War II. The chapter also argues that the successful organization of southern woodworkers had the potential to radically transform the civil rights movement.
The Failure of Operation Dixie
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 7 focuses on the failed attempt by unions after World War II to unionize the South, referred to informally as Operation Dixie. Contrary to much extant scholarship, the chapter regards Operation Dixie as an underfunded, misguided attempt at organizing; it was racially backward, had no understanding of what was necessary, and served largely as a primer on how not to organize. Rather than being a major turning point, Operation Dixie is shown to have been at best a coda to earlier failures in southern labor organizing and the end of major union growth in the United States, at least in the private sector.
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Authors: Goldfield Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the role of the Communist Party, by far the largest Left group, during the 1930s and 1940s. It looks at the Party’s complex behavior, its many pluses and minuses, and its ties to the Soviet Union. In particular, it examines the role of CP activists as trade union militants and as the unabashed and unrelenting champions of civil rights, a role that distinguished them from the members of all other interracial organizations during this period. Yet it also looks at the Party’s role in demoralizing and destroying the left-wing movement in the 1930s and 1940s, even undermining many of the organizations and movements it had helped create, including those dedicated to civil rights.
The Venetian Republic, the Byzantine Empire, and the Duchy of Milan
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the rise of the Venetian Republic and its victories over autocratic rivals. The Venetian Republic was one of the most open polities of the Middle Ages, and it found itself in strategic competitions with other rival powers, including the Byzantine Empire, Genoa, and the Duchy of Milan. Like other dominant democracies before and since, Venice became a major trading, financial, and naval power and it was renowned for its shrewd diplomacy. In the end, Venice bested its rivals, even sacking the imperial city of Constantinople in 1204 ad. At the peak of its power, the Venetian Empire’s territorial control spanned from northern Italy, along the Dalmatian Coast, to much of Greece and Anatolia, including Constantinople, with significant influence in the Levant, North Africa, and the Black Sea. Our friend Machiavelli admired Venice as “excellent among modern republics.”
The Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the Dutch Republic’s revolt and war of independence against the Spanish Empire. In the spate of less than a century, from 1581 to 1648, the Dutch Republic went from a tiny polity in northern Europe to a global empire that stretched from the Americas to Africa and Asia. It ruled the high seas, dominated international trade, invented the stock market, and revolutionized modern warfare, defeating the once-mighty Spanish Empire. Its secret to success was simple: it followed the recipe of the dominant democracies that had preceded it.
The United Kingdom and Germany
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the United Kingdom’s rivalry with Germany in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. After nearly two centuries of ascendancy, the UK was challenged by an autocratic Germany growing in the heart of Europe. The two clashed in World War I, and the United Kingdom emerged victorious and with its largest-ever territorial expanse, expanding its empire into the Middle East. World War II took a harder toll on the UK, but, again, with the help of its navy, its financial power, and its democratic allies—and in no small part to the heedless decision-making of its autocratic rival—it once again prevailed.
The Russian Federation
Authors: Kroenig Matthew 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the Russian Federation through the lens of its domestic political system. Russia may pose the greatest near-term national security threat to the United States and its allies, but it has a key vulnerability: its domestic political institutions. Its autocratic system is undermining its international effectiveness. Its economy is smaller than Italy’s. It lacks effective alliances. And its military is overly focused on domestic threats and is ill-equipped for the strategic-technological competitions of the 21st century. It is dangerous and it can disrupt the U.S.-led order. But it will not be in a position to be a true peer competitor to the United States any time soon. So long as it continues to be ruled by President Vladimir Putin, or another similar dictator, Russia will not be able to mount a serious challenge to U.S. global leadership.
Harmonic Spirits and the Music of the Spheres
Authors: Foxen Anya P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 traces harmonial ideas from the end of antiquity through the metaphysically based religious and mind cure movements of the nineteenth century. It begins by briefly surveying developments in the early Islamic world and medieval Europe before proceeding to explore astrological medicine and theurgy in the European Renaissance, focusing primarily on the spiritus theory of Marsilio Ficino. It further argues that the legacy of astrological medicine on the one hand and theurgy on the other can be found in the eighteenth-century movements founded by Franz Anton Mesmer and Emanuel Swedenborg, respectively. It concludes by examining the reconvergence of these two strains of thought in the New Thought movement of the late nineteenth century, focusing chiefly on the work of Warren Felt Evans, which synthesizes Swedenborgian ideas with contemporary medical thought, including the importance of breath and physical culture.
Imagining Innovation
Authors: Zukin Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Since the 1980s, and with greater force since the 2010s, the trope “innovation and entrepreneurship” has inspired visions of a more charismatic form of global capitalism led by young, mobile “talent” in dynamic cities. After the economic crisis of 2008, city government leaders, corporate CEOs, and real estate developers joined forces with university presidents, venture capitalists, and big tech companies to make this vision a reality. They turned to digital technology to reverse the losses brought by financial institutions and revitalize legacy industries, aiming to create an “innovation complex” of buildings and attitudes that would make their city more competitive for investments and jobs. This chapter highlights the history of the innovation complex in New York in the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis and the growth of computer software, venture capital, and global interest in startups.
Meetups
Authors: Zukin Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
New York Tech Meetup emerged in the early 2000s as a formative organization in the city’s innovation ecosystem. Every month, hundreds of mostly young people and a few potential investors come to see computer coders and startup founders “demo” new apps and platforms they have created. In the 2010s, the tech meetup was joined by other organizations that also claimed to mobilize and speak for New York’s tech “community,” notably, the nonprofit organization Civic Hall, specializing in “civic tech,” and Tech:NYC, a nonprofit industry association. The chapter uses ethnographic observations and interviews with leaders of these organizations to document their efforts to “leverage” the membership for a role in tech policymaking in the city.
Accelerators, Startups, and the Circulation of Capital
Authors: Zukin Sharon 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines the origin stories and career paths of New York–based startup founders, explaining how the growth of startups is directly connected to the emergence of tech accelerators as both “factories” for new tech businesses and “finishing schools” for their founders. Interviews with four founders in different spaces are interwoven with the development of accelerators from the privately owned Y Combinator to post-accelerators like New Lab at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, which is privately owned but sponsored in part by the New York City Economic Development Corporation. Accelerators appear as both spaces of socialization for the new economy and effective means of circulating social, cultural, and financial capital.
Experience Embodied
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis book develops an account of embodied experience that extends from Descartes’s conception of the human body as firmly integrated into the causal play of nature to Kant’s understanding of anthropology as a discipline that provides us with guidance in our lives as embodied creatures. It defends the claim that during the early modern period, the debate on experience not only focused on questions arising from the subjectivity of our thinking and feeling, it also forcefully foregrounded the essentially embodied dimension of our lives as humans. By taking this approach, the book departs from the traditional epistemological route so dominant in treatments of early modern conceptions of experience. It shows that, far from merely raising concerns that either challenge or endorse the idea that experience is able to generate knowledge, the concept formed an essential part of a much broader debate. This debate was moral in nature and raised questions about the developmental potential of human beings and their capacity to instantiate in their lives a form of self-determined agency that allows them to act as responsible agents.
Manipulated Sensibilities
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChapter 4 discusses Rousseau’s attack on d’Alembert’s proposal to introduce the theater in Geneva. What comes to the fore in this controversy is that, for Rousseau, it is important to comprehend human nature as part of the societal structures within which this nature is placed. If approached from this perspective, it becomes clear that Rousseau’s normative considerations about what society should look like set the stage for what he understands as a “natural” trait that is worth being cultivated. To draw out this paradoxical understanding of what counts as natural, the chapter analyzes some of the hidden assumptions of Rousseau’s educational program that revolve around the specifically different roles of female and male citizens within civic society.
Affect and Imagination in Processes of Cognition
Authors: Waldow Anik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis chapter discusses Herder’s uptake of Hume’s account of sympathy to demonstrate that the capacity to connect with the thoughts and feelings of other people not only matters with respect to moral questions, as in Hume, but also with respect to the possibility of acquiring a better understanding of the world. The crucial reason for this is that, on Herder’s account, our imagination-driven sympathetic engagements provide us with quasi-experiences that mimic what we would feel if we were present in the situation under consideration. Such quasi-experiences can then be used to generate new conceptual tools that enable us to understand situational contexts genuinely different from our own. Through this account, Herder introduces a type of imagination-driven experience that possesses a genuinely epistemic function in addition to its acknowledged moral function.
The Idea of Personal Autonomy
Authors: Swaine Lucas 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter elaborates a conception of personal autonomy as individual self-rule. The conception fits with a more general understanding of autonomy as self-rule, and it is not heavily moralized. Autonomy as self-rule is preferable to alternative conceptualizations such as autonomy as self-governance or autonomy as living under one’s own laws. Personal autonomy is different from individual freedom, and it is not identical to the absence of social control. There are several notable grounds for valuing personal autonomy; this chapter describes them, giving a fuller sense of the significance and attractiveness of autonomy of the personal kind.
Defining “The Objection of David Hume”
Authors: Anderson Abraham 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 shows that to understand Kant’s reference to “the objection of David Hume which first, many years ago, interrupted my dogmatic slumber” we must read it against the background of his earlier references to Hume’s “question” and to Hume’s “attack” on metaphysics. It breaks down Hume’s “attack” on metaphysics into three steps: a demonstration that rules out the possibility of knowing causal connection through pure concepts, and thus of knowing the principle of sufficient reason; a conclusion that the concept of cause is a bastard of the imagination; and a conclusion that there is no metaphysics. It argues that Kant’s source for this account is the Enquiry, not the Treatise, and points to the sections of the Enquiry that correspond to each step.
Conjointly Co-constituting Relating and Face in Everyday Interacting
Authors: Arundale Robert B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFor a researcher to ground his or her interpretation of a participant’s utterance in terms of face requires that he or she provide empirical evidence both of that participant’s orientation to such an interpreting, and of its consequentiality in interaction. Chapter 9 re-examines the conversations considered in prior chapters to illustrate how a researcher “articulates” the participant’s engaging of various social practices with both connection and separation, as they conjointly co-constitute operative interpretings of face. The evidence provided reveals how and why the skill of “nexting” is central to ethical conduct in everyday interacting. Against that background, examining two further studies provides insights into finding emotions like surprise in relating and face in everyday interacting.
Introduction
Authors: Kilcullen David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The introduction describes the origins of the book and provides an overview of the return of state-on-state conflict in the context of a Western alliance bogged down in the war on terrorism and unable to respond to increasing challenges from Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea. It describes the original observation that gave rise to the investigation that led to the book: that both state and nonstate actors, despite very different ideologies and organizations and varying points of origin, all seemed to be converging on certain similar operational approaches. At the same time, there was little evidence of cooperation or cross-pollination among different actors. The hypothesis—that something in the external environment was driving multiple different actors to converge on a small number of approaches, all of which were increasingly hard for Western militaries to counter—led to an exploration of aspects of evolutionary theory, social learning and military innovation.
New England English
Authors: Stanford James N. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
For nearly 400 years, New England has held an important place in the development of American English, and “New England accents” are very well known in popular imagination. But since the 1930s, no large-scale academic book project has focused specifically on New England English. While other research projects have studied dialect features in various regions of New England, this is the first large-scale scholarly project to focus solely on New England English since the Linguistic Atlas of New England. This book presents new research covering all six New England states, with detailed geographic, phonetic, and statistical analysis of data collected from over 1,600 New Englanders. The book covers the past, present, and future of New England dialect features, analyzing them with dialect maps and statistical modeling in terms of age, gender, social class, ethnicity, and other factors. The book reports on a recent large-scale data collection project that included 367 field interviews, 626 audio-recorded interviews, and 634 online written questionnaires. Using computational methods, the project processed over 200,000 individual vowels in audio recordings to examine changes in New England speech. The researchers also manually examined 30,000 instances of /r/ to investigate “r-dropping” in words like “park” and so on. The book also reviews other recent research in the area. Using acoustic phonetics, computational processing, detailed statistical analyses, dialect maps, and graphical illustrations, the book systematically documents all of the major traditional New England dialect features, other regional features, and their current usage across New England.
Eschatology
Authors: Brereton Joel P. , Jamison Stephanie W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter treats the Ṛgvedic conceptions of death and what happens after death. It is very striking that several of the crucial concepts found in Classical Hinduism—karma and rebirth—are entirely absent from the Ṛgveda. What little the Ṛgveda says about what happens after death suggests that there is a world of the dead, presided over by Yama, the first to die and therefore king of the dead, and populated by the ancestors. The journey there is difficult, but, at least for those who arrive there, the realm of Yama is paradisal. The principal way of disposing of the dead was cremation, though burial is also mentioned. The institution of satī (widow-burning) is also not found in the Ṛgveda; the Ṛgvedic widow may ritual mount the funeral pyre but is called to return to life and indeed to remarriage.
What's Next in Love and Sex
Authors: Hatfield Elaine , Rapson Richard L. , Purvis Jeanette 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
What’s Next in Love and Sex is a comprehensive examination of contemporary academic findings relating to all matters of the mind, body, and heart in the modern world. Written by one of the pioneers of love and sex research, Dr. Hatfield, along with her colleagues Dr. Rapson and Dr. Purvis, this book relies on contemporary scientific findings to provide an updated and relevant explanation for why we do the things we do when we’re in love, searching for love, making love, or attempting to keep a faltering relationship together. It addresses such topics as the role of social media in love and sex, the hookup generation, robots, avatars, fantasy sex, virtual pornography, interactive sex, and the future, as well as the benefits, and pain of love. This book will give young people an in-depth scientific understanding of contemporary love and sex while still providing a light-hearted, accessible, and entertaining read.
In Napoleon’s Shadow (1806–24)
Authors: Haw Richard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
John Roebling was born and raised in the medieval walled town of Mühlhausen in what is now central Germany during the chaos and destruction of the Napoleonic Wars, as a result of which he grew to hate chaos and disorder. The era influenced John in other significant ways. Once Napoleon had been packed off, two realities ruled the social landscape: repression of political dissent and the opening up of the education system. John chafed under the first and blossomed under the second. He attended the Mühlhausen gymnasium, newly converted to the tenets of the enlightened Realschule movement, before moving on to Ephraim Unger’s School of Mathematics in nearby Erfurt. There he flourished, becoming an excellent mathematician, surveyor, and draftsman and getting a start in philosophy, another lifelong passion. By the close of his time in Erfurt, John packed up and set off to the bright (gas) lights of Berlin.