bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gyro-devices – natural sources of high-power high-order angular momentum millimeter-wave beams
Authors: Thumm M. 
Published: November 2020

The Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) carried by light beams with helical phasefront (vortex beams) has been widely employed in many applications such as optical tweezers, optical drives of micro-machines, atom trapping, and optical communication. OAM provides an additional dimension (diversity) to multiplexing techniques, which can be utilized in addition to conventional multiplexing methods to achieve higher data rates in wireless communication. OAM beams have been thoroughly studied and used in the optical regime but in the mm-wave and THz-wave region, they are still under investigation. In these frequency bands, there are difficulties associated with beam-splitting and beam-combining processes as well as with the use of spiral phase plates and other methods for OAM generation, since the wavelength is much larger compared to those at optical frequencies, leading to higher diffraction losses.
The present paper describes the natural generation of high-power OAM modes by gyro-type vacuum electron devices with cylindrical interaction circuit and axial output of the generated rotating higher-order transverse electric mode TEm,n, where m > 1 and n are the azimuthal and radial mode index, respectively. The ratio between the total angular momentum (TAM) JN and total energy WN of N photons is given by m/ω, where ω is the angular frequency of the operating mode, which in a gyrotron oscillator is close to the TEm,n-mode cutoff frequency in the cavity. Therefore, m/ω = Rc/c, where Rc is the caustic radius and c the velocity of light in vacuum. This means that the OAM is proportional to the caustic radius and at a given frequency the same for all modes with the same azimuthal index m. Right-hand rotation (co-rotation with the electrons) corresponds to a positive value of m and left-hand rotation to negative m. The corresponding OAM mode number (topological charge) is l = m – 1. Circularly polarized TE1n modes only possess a Spin Angular Momentum (SAM: s = ±1). TE0n modes have neither SAM nor OAM.
This is the result of the photonic (quasi-optical) approach to derive the TAM of modes generated in gyrotrons. The same result follows from the electromagnetic (EM) wave approach for the TAM within a given waveguide volume per total energy of the EM wave in the same volume.
Such high-power output beams with very pure higher-order OAM, generated by gyrotron oscillators or amplifiers (broadband) could be used for multiplexing in long-range wireless communications. The corresponding mode and helical wavefront sensitive detectors for selective OAM-mode sorting are available and described in the present paper.
Antikörper gegen humane Leukozytenantigene (HLA) bei männlichen Apheresespendern ohne klassische Alloimmunisierung
Authors: Schulz Undine 
Published: November 2020

Im Rahmen von Präventivmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung von TRALI (transfusionsassoziierte akute Lungeninsuffizienz) wurden in einer Studie 15 523 männliche und weibliche Apheresespenderinnen und -spender mit und ohne positiver Immunisierungsanamnese (IA) auf HLA-Klasse-I-, HLA-Klasse-II- und HNA-Antikörper (AK) untersucht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigten, dass bei 3,85% der männlichen Spender ohne IA HLA-AK und bei 0,10% HNA-AK auftraten. Diese Beobachtung stellt die seit Beginn der HLA-Ära vor 50 Jahren klar bewiesene Aussage infrage, dass HLA-AK nur durch eine Alloimmunisierung infolge von Schwangerschaften, Transfusionen oder Transplantationen entstehen können. Wir diskutieren mehrere mögliche Kausalitäten dieser positiven Reaktionen:Große Aufmerksamkeit richteten wir auf den Ausschluss möglicher falsch positiver Reaktionen, da der LABScreen Multi als höchst sensitiv eingeschätzt wird. Nach Validierung eines neuen positiven Normalized-Background-Cut-offs (NBG: Normalized Background) und der Nachtestung von Rückstellproben der als positiv getesteten männlichen Spender konnten 50% der HLA-Klasse-I- und 43% der HLA-Klasse-II-AK nicht bestätigt werden. Dennoch blieben 1,5% der getesteten männlichen Spender für HLA-Klasse I und 0,5% für HLA-Klasse II positiv. Handelt es sich hier ausschließlich um HLA-spezifische oder um heterophile AK? Welche klinische Bedeutung haben diese AK bei der Prävalenz von TRALI oder für die Transplantationsimmunologie?
Welche Blutdruckmedikation ist bei Dialysepatienten adäquat?
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBeim Eintritt in die HD (Hämodialyse) und PD (Bauchfelldialyse) ist eine kritische und vorsichtige Überprüfung der antihypertensiven Medikation notwendig. Nicht wenige Hämodialyse- bzw. Bauchfelldialysepatienten brauchen zur Blutdrucktherapie verschiedene antihypertensive Medikamente. Keines der bekannten Medikamente wurde systematisch auch für die Therapie bei Nierenfunktionsstörungen entwickelt. Schon viele antihypertensiv wirksame Medikamente wurden nicht für die eingeschränkte Nierenfunktion entwickelt und sind formal z. T. kontraindiziert, auch wenn sie in der Praxis dringend gebraucht und damit auch eingesetzt werden. Die meisten antihypertensiven Medikament kann man in der Tat auch bei Dialysepatienten scheinbar unkompliziert auch von der Dosis her weitergeben, aber man sollte sicherlich die Elimination und Abbauwege überprüfen und ggf. auch die Medikationen regelmäßig anpassen. V. a. mit einem zunehmenden Verlust der renalen Restfunktion und der damit einhergehenden Anurie sollten die Medikamente angepasst werden. Interessant ist, dass die Gabe von nicht so häufig genutzten antihypertensiv wirksamen Substanzen wie Clonidin, Doxazosin oder auch Urapidil ohne relevante Dosiseinschränkung in der Therapie gegeben werden können. Ggf. liegt es aber daran, dass in den letzten Jahren v. a. die neueren antihypertensiven Medikamente aufgrund der pharmakologischen Auflagen intensiver getestet wurden als viele der heute seltener genutzten Antihypertensiva. Ein Ziel sollte sicherlich sein, dass man den Flüssigkeitshaushalt der Patienten gut kontrolliert und ausreichend lange pro Sitzung dialysiert. Daraus ergeben sich gerade in der Hochdrucktherapie einige Vorteile. Hier gilt auch immer die Empfehlung, bei hypertensiven Dialysepatienten systematisch, auch vorübergehend, das Trockengewicht intensiver zu reduzieren.
COVID-19: Besondere Herausforderungen an Public Health in Theorie und Praxis
Authors: Holst Jens 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Krise bietet sowohl einzigartige Chancen als auch besondere Herausforderungen für Public Health in Theorie und Praxis. Das Management der Pandemie war anfangs überwiegend von Virologen dominiert, unterstützt von Epidemiologen, die nicht immer die grundlegenden Anforderungen ihrer Wissenschaft erfüllten. Interdisziplinäre gesundheitswissenschaftliche Fachkenntnisse und komplexe Betrachtungen aus einer breiteren Public-Health-Perspektive hatten hingegen keine spürbaren Auswirkungen auf die COVID-19-Debatte und noch weniger auf die Strategien zur Eindämmung der Pandemie. Public Health ist universell und mehr als Gesundheitssicherheit bzw. Gesundheitsschutz. Als explizit politische Disziplin verfolgt Public Health einen weitreichenden gesellschaftspolitischen Ansatz und darf sich nicht auf biomedizinische Aspekte verkürzen lassen. Medizinische und biotechnologische Lösungen allein werden den Herausforderungen der Corona-Krise nicht gerecht. Unerlässlich für eine nachhaltige Bewältigung der Pandemie ist die Analyse der politischen, wirtschaftlichen, sozialen und ökologischen Determinanten, die zur Krise geführt haben. Um die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung zu verbessern und das Risiko zukünftiger Infektionsausbrüche zu verringern, ist eine umfassende Politik erforderlich, die auch Hegemonien und Machtverhältnisse thematisiert.
Recent Application of Chiral Aryliodine Based on the 2-Iodo­resorcinol Core in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Zheng-Guang , Yang Bing , Wu Xin-Xing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChiral iodoarenes have been steadily increasing in importance in recent years, especially in enantioselective synthesis and catalysis. Since the development of the concept of chiral iodine(I/III) catalysis, the use of various chiral aryliodine frameworks has been explored in this area. This short review gives an overview of the use of chiral hypervalent iodine(I/III) reagents based on the 2-iodoresorcinol core with two attached two lactic side chains bearing ester or amide groups for the catalytic enantioselective dearomatization of phenol compounds, asymmetric oxidation of alkenes, and enantioselective α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds highlighting the excellent reactivities in terms of yield and enantioselectivity.1	Introduction2	Enantioselective Dearomatization of Phenol Derivatives3	Asymmetric Oxidation of Alkenes4	Enantioselective α-Functionalization of Carbonyl Compounds5	Conclusion and Outlook
Diaphragmatic Hernia following Pediatric Liver Transplantation: An Underappreciated Complication Prone to Recur
Authors: Waldron Lea Sibylle , Cerisuelo Miriam Cortes , Lo Denise , Sayed Blayne Amir , Vilca-Melendez Hector , Magliocca Joseph , Lurz Eberhard , Baumann Ulrich , Vondran Florian W. R. , Richter Nicolas , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Guba Markus , Muensterer Oliver J. , Berger Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction Postoperative diaphragmatic hernia (DH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). In the current literature, a total of 49 such hernias have been reported in 17 case series. We present eight additional cases, three of which reoccurred after surgical correction, and review the current literature with a focus on recurrence.
Materials and Methods The study sample included children (<18 years of age) who underwent LT between June 2013 and June 2020 at five large transplant centers and who subsequently presented with DH. During the study period, a total of 907 LT was performed. Eight DH were recognized, and risk factors were analyzed.
Results For the eight children with DH, the mean age at LT was 28.0 (5–132) months. All patients with a DH received left lateral segment split grafts except one, who received a full left lobe. The mean weight at time of LT was 11.8 (6.6–34) kg. Two patients had a primary abdominal muscle closure, and six had a temporary silastic mesh closure. All eight children presented with a right posterolateral DH. The small bowel was herniated in the majority of cases. Symptoms reported included nausea, vomiting, and respiratory distress. Two patients were asymptomatic, and discovery was incidental. All patients underwent prompt primary surgical repair. Three DH hernias (37.5%) recurred despite successful surgical correction.
Conclusion DH following liver transplant with technical variant grafts may be underreported and is prone to recur despite surgical correction. A better understanding of the pathophysiology and more thorough reporting may help increase awareness. Early detection and prompt surgical management are the cornerstones of a successful outcome.
The Differences in Viral Etiologies between Children with and without Severe Disability Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit with Acute Respiratory Illness
Authors: Karaarslan Utku , Topal Sevgi , Ayhan Yüce , Ağın Hasan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives The objectives of this study were to evaluate the differences in the viral etiologies and variability in the clinical course between children with and without severe disability (SD) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute respiratory illness (ARI).
Methods The medical records of patients admitted to our PICU between June 2017 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for viral etiology and clinical course.
Results Forty-eight of 136 patients included in the study had SD. The rates of requiring positive pressure ventilation (43.5% vs. 20.5%) or inotropic support (39.9% vs. 15.9%), and the median length of stay (11 [10] vs. 5 [8]) were significantly higher in children with SD (p < 0.01, each). Influenza infection was significantly higher in children with SD (20.8% vs. 2.3%; p < 0.01) whereas respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was more common in children without SD (47.7% vs. 4.2%; p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of other viruses between study groups.
Conclusion In this present study, influenza was an important pathogen for children with SD, while RSV was the main cause of ARI-associated PICU admission in children without SD. By focusing on increasing the rate of immunization against influenza in children with SD and their caregivers the burden of influenza-associated PICU admissions could be decreased.
Impact of COVID-19 and Lockdown on Children with ADHD and Their Families—An Online Survey and a Continuity Care Model
Authors: Shah Ruchita , Raju V. Venkatesh , Sharma Akhilesh , Grover Sandeep 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background Little is known about the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on children with attention-deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the impact of lockdown on children with the ADHD, and their families. Additionally, feasibility of carrying out “text message-based” intervention was evaluated.

Methods An online survey was performed to evaluate the impact of lockdown on children with ADHD and their family members. Additionally, a “text message”-based intervention was performed over 2 weeks. Along with the text-based intervention, we also provided reading materials and an option of telephonic consultation.

Results Of the 80 parents who initially consented to participate, 48 filled the baseline survey, and 41 agreed to receive intervention. Out of 41, 29 filled satisfaction survey. During the lockdown period, there was worsening of symptoms of ADHD in the form of increase (slight or marked) in the activity level (50.1%), irritability (45.8%), and disturbing or disruptive behavior (47.7%) in children. In terms of behavior of family members, there was marked/slight increase in irritability (37.5%), and shouting at the child (43.8%), verbal abuse (25%), and punishing the child (27.1%). Additionally, there was an increase in the praising (67.6%) and spending time with the child (72.9%). Text-based messages on a scale of 0 to 10 were rated as 5.79 for the content, 5.76 for the usefulness, and 6 for satisfaction.

Conclusion Lockdown resulted in worsening of symptoms among children of ADHD and it had impact on the interaction pattern of the children and parents. A “text message”-based intervention is a feasible and possibly acceptable option to deal with the behavioral problem of the children and adolescents with ADHD.
Binary Darboux transformation and multi-dark solitons for a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the inhomogeneous optical fiber
Authors: Yang Chong , Xie Xi-Yang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Dark solitons in the inhomogeneous optical fiber are studied in this manuscript via a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, since dark solitons can be applied in waveguide optics as dynamic switches and junctions or optical logic devices. Based on the Lax pair, the binary Darboux transformation is constructed under certain constraints, thus the multi-dark soliton solutions are presented. Soliton propagation and collision are graphically discussed with the group-velocity dispersion, third- and fourth-order dispersions, which can affect the solitons’ velocities but have no effect on the shapes. Elastic collisions between the two dark solitons and among the three dark solitons are displayed, while the elasticity cannot be influenced by the above three coefficients.
Three-dimensionally two-photon lithography realized vascular grafts
Authors: Limongi T , Brigo L , Tirinato L , Pagliari F , Gandin A , Contessotto P , Giugni A , Brusatin G 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Generation of artificial vascular grafts as blood vessel substitutes is a primary challenge in biomaterial and tissue-engineering research. Ideally, these grafts should be able to recapitulate physiological and mechanical properties of natural vessels and guide the assembly of an endothelial cell lining to ensure hemo-compatibility. In this paper, we advance on this challenging task by designing and fabricating 3D vessel analogues by two-photon laser lithography using a synthetic photoresist. These scaffolds guarantee human endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, and proper elastic behavior to withstand the pressure exerted by blood flow.
Tuning the optical and magneto-optical properties in core-shell structured Fe@Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Jittabut Pongsak , Seehamart Kompichit , Chingsungnoen Artit , Dasri Thananchai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted a great deal of attention due to their possible uses in many biomedical applications, such as targeted drug delivery, sensing, and ultra-sensitive disease detection. In this work, theoretical calculations based on optical absorption and magneto-optical (MO) properties in core–shell structured Fe@Ag NPs embedded in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) host were investigated as a function of incident light wavelength. First, the optical absorption property of pure Ag NPs was investigated. For pure single spherical Ag nanoparticle with diameters in the range of 5–50 nm, the resonance absorption peak shows a slight redshift as the particle size increases. In terms of the optical absorption property for the two basic two-particle geometries of Ag NPs with varying Ag NPs interparticle distances ranging from 8–100 nm, when the particles were perpendicular to the direction propagation and parallel to the polarisation direction of an incident electric field, a blueshift of the absorption peak position was observed with increasing interparticle distance. On the other hand, a redshift of the absorption peak position with increasing interparticle distance was observed when the polarisation direction of the incident light was perpendicular to the particle axis. After coating plasmonic Ag on the Fe core called Fe@Ag core–shell NPs, the shifting and enhancement of the absorption and MO properties of Fe nanoparticles due to localised surface plasmon resonance excitation were observed to greatly exceed the calculated values for pure Fe NPs. The calculated results suggest that both interparticle distance and Ag shell thickness in a core–shell structured Fe@Ag NPs influence the tuning and enhancement of the spectra. These findings can be utilised as basic knowledge for the development of synthesis methods to obtain suitable Fe@Ag core–shell NPs for future applications.
Phonocardiography-based mitral valve prolapse detection with using fractional fourier transform
Authors: Mehrabbeik Mahtab , Rashidi Saeid , Fallah Ali , Rafiei Khoshnood Elaheh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is a common condition among people, which is often benign and does not need any serious treatment. However, this doesn’t mean that MVP can’t cause any problems. In malignant conditions, MVP can cause mitral failure and also heart failure. Early diagnosis of MVP is significantly important to control and reduce its complications. Since the phonocardiogram signal provides useful information about heart valves function, it can be used for MVP detection. To detect MVP, the signal was denoised and segmented into heart cycles and constant three-second pieces in the first and second approaches, respectively. Next, based on the Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT), the desired features were extracted. Then, the extracted features were windowed by a Moving Logarithmic Median Window (MLMW) and optimum features were selected using Mahalanobis, Bhattacharyya, Canberra, and Minkowski distance criteria. Finally, using the selected features, classification was performed by using the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and the Suppor Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers to find out whether a segment is prolapsed. The best results of the experiment on the collected database contain 15 prolapsed and 6 non-prolapsed subjects using the A-test method show 96.25 ± 2.43 accuracy, 98.5 ± 3.37 sensitivity, 94.0 ± 5.16 specificity, 96.0 ± 3.44 precision, 92.5 ± 4.86 kappa, and 96.6 ± 2.34 f-score with the SVM classifier.
VHEE beam dosimetry at CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research under ultra-high dose rate conditions
Authors: Poppinga Daniela , Kranzer Rafael , Farabolini Wilfrid , Gilardi Antonio , Corsini Roberto , Wyrwoll Vanessa , Looe Hui Khee , Delfs Björn , Gabrisch Lukas , Poppe Björn 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work is the dosimetric characterization of a plane parallel ionization chamber under defined beam setups at the CERN Linear Electron Accelerator for Research (CLEAR). A laser driven electron beam with energy of 200 MeV at two different field sizes of approximately 3.5 mm FWHM and approximately 7 mm FWHM were used at different pulse structures. Thereby the dose-per-pulse range varied between approximately 0.2 and 12 Gy per pulse. This range represents approximately conventional dose rate range beam conditions up to ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) beam conditions. The experiment was based on a water phantom which was integrated into the horizontal beamline and radiochromic films and an Advanced Markus ionization chamber was positioned in the water phantom. In addition, the experimental setup were modelled in the Monte Carlo simulation environment FLUKA. In a first step the radiochromic film measurements were used to verify the beamline setup. Depth dose distributions and dose profiles measured by radiochromic film were compared with Monte Carlo simulations to verify the experimental conditions. Second, the radiochromic films were used for reference dosimetry to characterize the ionization chamber. In particular, polarity effects and the ion collection efficiency of the ionization chamber were investigated for both field sizes and the complete dose rate range. As a result of the study, significant polarity effects and recombination loss of the ionization chamber were shown and characterized. However, the work shows that the behavior of the ionization chamber at the laser driven beam line at the CLEAR facility is comparable to classical high dose-per-pulse electron beams. This allows the use of ionization chambers on the CLEAR system and thus enables active dose measurement during the experiment. Compared to passive dose measurement with film, this is an important step forward in the experimental equipment of the facility.
Proposed Treatment Protocols for Facial Rejuvenation Using a Novel Absorbable Polydioxanone Monofilament Threadlift in Koreans: Empirical Perspectives of Aesthetic Physicians and Surgeons
Authors: Chang Doo-Yeoul , Kim Hyoung-Moon , Ahn Tae Hwan , Lee Sang Bong , Moon Hyoung-Jin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Aesthetic physicians and surgeons should consider differences in anthropometric and anatomical characteristics between Asians and Caucasians in performing facial rejuvenation procedures using absorbable threadlifts in Koreans.

Objectives
This paper was prepared to propose empirical treatment protocols for Korean aesthetic physicians and surgeons.

Methods
A panel of 5 Korean experts on the aesthetic uses of an absorbable polydioxanone (PDO) monofilament threadlift (Mint Lift; HansBiomed Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea), thus termed as “the Mint Consensus Group,” was convened to recommend practical guidelines for empirical treatment with the Mint Lift.

Results
To summarize, our recommendations are as follows: First, the entry and exit points should be determined considering the anatomical characteristics of the face (level of evidence III). Second, treatment procedures may vary depending on indications (level of evidence III).

Conclusions
Here, the authors propose empirical treatment protocols for facial rejuvenation using a novel absorbable PDO monofilament threadlift in Koreans. But more evidence-based efforts should be made to update the current treatment protocols.

Level of Evidence: 4