bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and efficient sequential electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injections in micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for quantification of anticancer drug 5‐fluorouracil and its metabolite in human plasma
Authors: Semail Nadhiratul‐Farihin , Noordin Siti Salmah , Keyon Aemi Syazwani Abdul , Waras Maisarah Nasution , Saad Bahruddin , Kamaruzaman Sazlinda , Mohamad Zain Nur Nadhirah , Azizi Juzaili , Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie , Yahaya Noorfatimah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA simple and sensitive preconcentration strategy using sequential electrokinetic and hydrodynamic injection modes in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detection was developed and applied for the separation and determination of anticancer agent, 5‐fluorouracil and its metabolite, 5‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyuridine, in human plasma. Sequential injection modes with increased analyte loading capacity using the anionic pseudo‐stationary phase facilitated collection of the dispersed neutral and charged analytes into narrow zones and improved sensitivity. Several important parameters affecting sample enrichment performance were evaluated and optimized in this study. Under the optimized experimental conditions, 614‐ and 643‐fold and 782‐ and 803‐fold sensitivity improvement were obtained for 5‐fluorouracil and its metabolite when compared with normal hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection, respectively. The method has good linearity (1–1,000 ng/ml) with acceptable coefficient of determination (r2 > 0.993), low limits of detection (0.11–0.14 ng/ml) and satisfactory analyte relative recovery (97.4–99.7%) with relative standard deviations of 4.6–9.3% (n = 6). Validation results as well as the application to analysis of human plasma samples from cancer patients demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method to clinical studies.
Determination of selpercatinib, a RET kinase inhibitor, in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Wei , Shi Liuhong , Jin Luya , Wang Kun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSelpercatinib (LOXO‐292) is a selective and potent RET inhibitor. A highly sensitive, rapid and specific high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for quantification of selpercatinib in rat plasma is reported. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, extraction recovery and matrix effect, stability and carryover as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. Selpercatinib was detected by an electrospray ionization interface under selective reaction monitoring conditions in the positive ion mode. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range from 1 to 2000 ng/ml with r2 = 0.9951. The intra‐ and inter‐batch accuracy values ranged from 97.45 to 100.97% and from 98.70 to 100.74% with coefficients of variation of 2.45–6.99% and 5.89–7.99%, respectively. The extraction recovery and IS‐normalized matrix factor were acceptable for the bioanalysis of selpercatinib. Additionally, selpercatinib was found to be stable under the detected conditions. It showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics following oral administration to rats at 2.0–18.0 mg/kg. The results showed that the novel method for detecting selpercatinib in rat plasma could be successfully applied for quantification of selpercatinib in biosamples from nonclinical studies.
Inflammatory markers as independent predictors for stroke outcomes
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Guang , Xue Jie , Yang Wen‐Hao , Xu Xu‐Shen , Sun Hong‐Xian , Hu Liang , Liu Ling‐Yun , Yue Yun‐Hua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between various inflammatory risk markers and ischemic stroke outcome and subtype.MethodsA total of 3,013 ischemic stroke patients who were admitted to our hospital from 01/01/2016 to 12/30/2018 were retrospectively studied. Stroke subtypes were defined by the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. Levels of five common inflammatory markers including white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were measured, and eleven conventional risk factors were further evaluated in the prediction of overall mortality as well as three functional outcomes defined by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the Barthel Index (BI). Independent predictors of outcome were identified by multivariate logistic regression, and an importance score measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for each predictor using a Naive Bayes model was reported.ResultsNeutrophil and WBC were significantly higher in large‐artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolism (CE) subtype. In contrast, lymphocyte was significantly higher in small‐artery occlusion (SAO). Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and CRP level were the best independent predictors, after adjustment for traditional risk factors and TOAST subtype for all four types of outcomes.ConclusionInflammatory risk markers including neutrophil, lymphocyte, and CRP may have strong independent prediction values for stroke outcome.
Clathrin‐mediated EGFR endocytosis as a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming primary resistance of EGFR TKI in wild‐type EGFR non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Boyeon , Park Young Soo , Sung Jae Sook , Lee Jong Won , Lee Saet Byeol , Kim Yeul Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesOncogenic alterations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling are frequently noted in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent decades, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed, although the therapeutic efficacy of these inhibitor is restricted to EGFR‐mutant patients.In this study, we investigated that clathrin‐mediated EGFR endocytosis hampers the effects of gefitinib and sustains NSCLC cells with wild‐type EGFR.Materials and MethodsNSCLC cell lines (H358, Calu‐3, SNU‐1327, and H1703) were stimulated with the EGF and treated with gefitinib and endocytosis inhibitors (phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and Filipin III). Growth inhibition and apoptosis were evaluated. Immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and western blot assay were performed to investigate EGFR endocytosis and determine the signaling pathway. Xenograft mouse models were used to verify the combination effect of gefitinib and PAO in vivo.ResultsWe confirmed the differences in EGFR endocytosis according to gefitinib response in wild‐type EGFR NSCLC cell lines. EGFR in gefitinib‐sensitive and ‐refractory cell lines tended to internalize through distinct routes, caveolin‐mediated endocytosis (CVE), and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). Interestingly, while suppressing CME and CVE did not affect cell survival in sensitive cell lines significantly, CME inhibition combined with gefitinib treatment decreased cell survival and induced apoptosis in gefitinib‐refractory cell lines. In addition, blocking CME in the refractory cell lines led to downregulate of p‐STAT3 and inhibit nuclear localization of STAT3 in vivo, combination treatment with gefitinib and a CME inhibitor resulted in tumor regression accompanying apoptosis in xenograft mouse models.ConclusionClathrin‐mediated EGFR endocytosis contribute primary resistance of gefitinib treatment and CME inhibition combined with gefitinib could be an option in treatment of wild‐type EGFR NSCLC.
Tip fracture of the crown of orbital atherectomy device in angulated left circumflex lesion
Authors: Karrowni Wassef , Zaeiter Hassan , Mansour Samy , Nassar Pierre 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtherectomy, whether rotational or orbital, is an essential and established method for treatment of calcified coronary lesions. By modifying the plaque, atherectomy lessens the risk of plaque shift and facilities stent delivery and stent expansion. Atherectomy technique is meticulous and challenging especially in tortuous and angulated coronary arteries. Herein, we describe the rare case of occurrence and the management of fracture of the tip of the crown of CSI Diamondback orbital atherectomy device during treatment of severely angulated and calcified ostial left circumflex lesion.
Utilization of Pressmud Waste as a Carrier for Enhancing Agronomic Traits of Finger Millet
Authors: Rawat Jyoti , Saxena Jyoti , Sanwal Pankaj 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs India is the second‐largest producer of sugarcane in the world, a huge amount of biodegradable by‐product waste, pressmud, is produced every year, and is a promising source of nutrients. Here, an attempt is made to utilize pressmud as carrier for bioinoculants for enhancing crop productivity. The field experiments are set up on finger millet crop using Aspergillus niger (K7) as fungal inoculant and pressmud as carrier. Four treatment combinations, viz., control, K7 strain, pressmud, and K7 strain+pressmud, in soil are studied. The results indicate that the soil nutrients such as N, P, and K increase by 30–50% after the experiment. The pressmud supports up to 5 × 106 fungal spores and the inoculum is viable until the end of 6 months. Growth and yield parameters are influenced positively and result in better height and weight of plants, a higher number of fingers, and improved P uptake. The combination of A. niger (K7) and pressmud is found to be the best. Shoot and root lengths increase by 54% and 96%, respectively, at the time of harvest over control. Number of fingers and weight of grains/plant increase by 77% and 70%, respectively, at 130 days after sowing. It can be concluded that the use of pressmud with microbial inoculant may be an economically viable technology in organic farming and also in its disposal.
A Roadmap Towards Visible Light Mediated Electron Transfer Chemistry with Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Bevernaegie Robin , Wehlin Sara A. M. , Elias Benjamin , Troian‐Gautier Ludovic 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhoto‐induced electron transfer chemistry between molecules is a central theme in several fields including biology, physics and chemistry. Specifically, in photoredox catalysis, greater use has been made of iridium(III) complexes as they exhibit ground‐ and excited‐state redox potentials that span a very large range. Unfortunately, most of these complexes suffer from limited visible light absorption properties. This concept article highlights recent developments in the synthesis of iridium(III) complexes with increased visible light absorption properties and their use as candidates for visible light driven redox catalysis. Fundamental tools are provided to enable the independent tuning of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels. Recent examples are given with the hope that this concept article will foster further developments of iridium(III)‐based sensitizers for visible light driven reactivity.
Spent Li‐Ion Battery Graphite Turned Into Valuable and Active Catalyst for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Liivand Kerli , Kazemi Maryam , Walke Peter , Mikli Valdek , Uibu Mai , Macdonald Digby D. , Kruusenberg Ivar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEmploying Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) in portable electronics has become a necessity in the modern world but, due to the short application time for any given battery (1–3 years), the quantity of spent LIBs (SLIBs) waste is becoming substantial. Herein, a novel strategy for recycling SLIB graphite and reforming it as a valuable catalyst material for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction was proposed. SLIB graphite has been used as a precursor material for graphite oxide, which was thereafter doped with nitrogen to prepare nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG‐Bat). The prepared NG‐Bat was characterized by various physical characterization methods and the electrochemical properties of the resulting catalyst material were investigated in alkaline media. It was found that NG‐Bat prepared from SLIB had superior physical and electrochemical properties in comparison to commercial nitrogen‐doped graphene. The findings clearly demonstrate the importance of the recycling of SLIB graphite and its great potential to be re‐applied for various applications.
Definition of erythroid cell‐positive blood transcriptome phenotypes associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Rinchai Darawan , Altman Matthew C. , Konza Oceane , Hässler Signe , Martina Federica , Toufiq Mohammed , Garand Mathieu , Kabeer Basirudeen Syed Ahamed , Palucka Karolina , Mejias Asuncion , Ramilo Octavio , Bedognetti Davide , Mariotti‐Ferrandiz Encarnita , Klatzmann David , Chaussabel Damien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiomarkers to assess the risk of developing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are needed. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 490 unique profiles from six public RSV blood transcriptome datasets. A repertoire of 382 well‐characterized transcriptional modules was used to define dominant host responses to RSV infection. The consolidated RSV cohort was stratified according to four traits: “interferon response” (IFN), “neutrophil‐driven inflammation” (Infl), “cell cycle” (CC), and “erythrocytes” (Ery). We identified eight prevalent blood transcriptome phenotypes, of which three Ery+ phenotypes comprised higher proportions of patients requiring intensive care. This finding confirms on a larger scale data from one of our earlier reports describing an association between an erythrocyte signature and RSV disease severity. Further contextual interpretation made it possible to associate this signature with immunosuppressive states (late stage cancer, pharmacological immunosuppression), and with a population of fetal glycophorin A+ erythroid precursors. Furthermore, we posit that this erythrocyte cell signature may be linked to a population of immunosuppressive erythroid cells previously described in the literature, and that overabundance of this cell population in RSV patients may underlie progression to severe disease. These findings outline potential priority areas for biomarker development and investigations into the immune biology of RSV infection. The approach that we developed and employed here should also permit to delineate prevalent blood transcriptome phenotypes in other settings.
Disordered eating behaviors and sexual objectification during New York fashion week: Implementation of industry policies and legislation
Authors: Rodgers Rachel F. , Ziff Sara , Lowy Alice S. , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe working conditions of professional fashion models may place them at risk for negative outcomes including disordered eating. New policies in the United States and France, including providing private changing areas and requiring medical certificates, have been implemented to protect models from pressures to be extremely thin and sexual harassment. This study evaluated the implementation of the new policies during the week of New York Fashion Week, February 2018 (NYFW Fall'18).MethodA sample of 76 fashion models (87% female) aged over 18 years who had participated in NYFW Fall'18 completed an online survey, reporting on behaviors and experiences occurring during NYFW Fall'18.ResultsA large proportion of respondents reported unhealthy weight control behaviors, including skipping meals (54%), intravenous drips (39%), and self‐induced vomiting (25%). Fewer than half reported being always or sometimes provided with a private changing area, with 45% reporting experiencing lack of privacy when changing. A subset (n = 15) had obtained a health certificate for events in Paris. Most health providers had assessed weight, but few assessed eating and exercise behaviors.DiscussionPolicy interventions to improve health and safety of models are not yet achieving intended goals and require continued monitoring.
Gut microbiota alteration in adolescent anorexia nervosa does not normalize with short‐term weight restoration
Authors: Schulz Nina , Belheouane Meriem , Dahmen Brigitte , Ruan Vanessa A. , Specht Hannah E. , Dempfle Astrid , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Baines John F. , Seitz Jochen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveGut microbiota are linked to metabolic function, body weight regulation, and brain and behavioral changes. Alteration of gut microbiota is repeatedly demonstrated in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) and transplantation of stool from adult patients with AN reduces weight gain, food consumption and food efficiency in germ‐free mice. No similar data are available for adolescents, who might differ from adults due to their shorter duration of illness.MethodNineteen female adolescent patients with AN at admission and after short‐term weight recovery were included in a longitudinal study and compared to 20 healthy controls (HC). DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis. Group comparisons, indicator genera and simper analysis were applied. Taxon abundances at admission was used to predict inpatient treatment duration.ResultsAlpha diversity is increased in patients with AN after short‐term weight recovery, while beta diversity shows clear group differences with HC before and after weight gain. A reduction in Romboutsia and taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae at both timepoints and an increase in taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae at discharge are most indicative of patients. Lachnospiraceae abundance at admission helped to predict shorter inpatient treatment duration.DiscussionThis pilot study provides first evidence of gut microbiota alterations in adolescent patients with AN that do not normalize with weight gain. If verified in larger studies, the predictive power of taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae for clinical outcome could complement known predictors at admission, inform clinicians and serve as a target for nutritional interventions.
Spider traps amphibian in northeastern Madagascar
Authors: Fulgence Thio Rosin , Martin Dominic Andreas , Kreft Holger , Ratsoavina Fanomezana Mihaja , Andrianarimisa Aristide 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPredation can take unexpected turns. For instance, various invertebrate species—most commonly spiders—may prey on vertebrates. Here, we report one observation of a spider (Sparassidae, Damastes sp.) feeding on an amphibian (Hyperoliidae, Heterixalus andrakata) inside a retreat in northeastern Madagascar. To our knowledge, this is the second report of vertebrate predation by spiders in Madagascar. Three additional observations of retreats built by the same spider species show that the spiders built similar retreats and were hiding at the rear end of the retreat. The retreats were built by weaving two green leaves together which were still attached to the tree. We speculate from the observations, that the retreat serves as a targeted trap that deceives frogs seeking shelter during daytime.
Dielectric spectroscopy of red blood cells in sickle cell disease
Authors: Liu Jia , Qiang Yuhao , Du E 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHypoxia‐induced polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and the related ion diffusion across cell membrane can lead to changes in cell dielectric properties, which can potentially serve as label‐free, diagnostic biomarkers for sickle cell disease. This article presents a microfluidic‐based approach with on‐chip gas control for the impedance spectroscopy of suspended cells within the frequency range of 40 Hz to 110 MHz. A comprehensive bioimpedance of sickle cells under both normoxia and hypoxia is achieved rapidly (within ∼7 min) and is appropriated by small sample volumes (∼2.5 μL). Analysis of the sensing modeling is performed to obtain optimum conditions for dielectric spectroscopy of sickle cell suspensions and for extraction of single cell properties from the measured impedance spectra. The results of sickle cells show that upon hypoxia treatment, cell interior permittivity and conductivity increase, while cell membrane capacitance decreases. Moreover, the relative changes in cell dielectric parameters are found to be dependent on the sickle and fetal hemoglobin levels. In contrast, the changes in normal red blood cells between the hypoxia and normoxia states are unnoticeable. The results of sickle cells may serve as a reference to design dielectrophoresis‐based cell sorting and electrodeformation testing devices that require cell dielectric characteristics as input parameters. The demonstrated method for dielectric characterization of single cells from the impedance spectroscopy of cell suspensions can be potentially applied to other cell types and under varied gas conditions.
Viscoelastic particle focusing in human biofluids
Authors: Kim Bookun , Lee Sung Sik , Yoo Tae Hyeon , Kim Ju Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSaliva and blood plasma are non‐Newtonian viscoelastic fluids that play essential roles in the transport of particulate matters (e.g., food and blood cells). However, whether the viscoelasticity of such biofluids alters the dynamics of suspended particles is still unknown. In this study, we report that under pressure‐driven microflows of both human saliva and blood plasma, spherical particles laterally migrate and form a focused stream along the channel centerline by their viscoelastic properties. We observed that the particle focusing varied among samples on the basis of sampling times/donors, thereby demonstrating that the viscoelasticity of the human biofluids can be affected by their compositions. We showed that the particle focusing, observed in bovine submaxillary mucin solutions, intensified with the increase in mucin concentration. We expect that the findings from this study will contribute to the understanding of the physiological roles of viscoelasticity of human biofluids.
Excellent electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 with good crystallinity and submicron primary dispersed particles
Authors: Xie Yanfang , Wu Fuzhong , Dai Xinyi , Mai Yi , Gu Yijing , Jin Huixin , Li Junqi 
Published: December 2020

SummaryNickel‐cobalt‐manganese ternary cathode materials are known as one of the most promising future cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high discharge capacity, environmental friendliness, and low cost. In this paper, submicron LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) primary particles with good crystallinity and dispersibility have been synthesized combine a coprecipitation method used ethanol as solvent with solid‐phase sintering technology. A feeding strategy through separate dropping of sodium carbonate and ammonia is adopted; the structure and properties of NCM523 under different pH conditions are investigated. It is found that the NCM523 synthesized at pH = 8 (NCM523‐8) exhibits a uniform particle size of about 300 nm, with good crystallinity. The NCM523‐8 exhibits an excellent high‐potential cycling performance, with an initial discharge capacity of 193.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C in the voltage of 3.0 to 4.5 V, and the capacity retention is 91% after 100 cycles. It also shows excellent rate performance with a reversible capacity of 130 mAh g−1 at 5 C. The superior high‐potential electrochemical performance is attributed to the improved lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient and stabilized structure by the special structural characteristics as evidenced by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction.