bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experiment study on lubrication and fatigue properties of white alloy journal bearings
Authors: Ding Ning , Li Hulin , Yin Zhongwei , Zhong Ning , Chen Yonghong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) simulation by AVL EXCITE is performed to analyze the lubrication performance including oil film thickness, oil film pressure, asperity contact pressure, and friction power losses. The journal bearing fatigue experiments were conducted on the fatigue test rig (Glacier Vandervel, made in the UK). The shell temperature was measured in real-time and the fatigue limit was finally determined. The simulation results combined with experimental results were discussed to comprehensively explain the failure mechanisms. It can be found that as the lubrication condition degrades, the asperity contact aggravates, and the shell temperature is increased sharply. This causes bearing performance degradation, poor bearing load carrying capacity, and severe surface damage, which finally lead to bearing failure.
Waste Elimination Model Based on Lean Manufacturing and Lean Maintenance to Increase Efficiency in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Aucasime-Gonzales P , Tremolada-Cruz S , Chavez-Soriano P , Dominguez F , Raymundo C 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article focuses on the low efficiency of a production process in a manufacturing company. The study aims to integrate and model different tools with greater efficiency to avoid high maintenance costs of production equipment and high implementation costs. Thus, this article presents a waste reduction model intended to reduce setup time and develop an efficient maintenance management system to increase overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). We validated the model in a Peruvian tire manufacturing company and achieved positive outcomes such as a 13% increase in the OEE score and a 22.5% setup time reduction. All this entailed an increase in the component changeover capacity, the outsourcing of 37 activities, and an 80% increase in the knowledge index of the operators involved in the proposal.
Study on the capacity performance of journal bearings with different spiral groove structures by CFD method
Authors: Zhang Le , Xin Qi , Wu Bo , Zhong Ning , Tu Liyue , Li Hulin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper uses the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to evaluate the capacity performance of journal bearings with different spiral groove shapes. A detail discussion is conducted to compare the capacity performance of spiral groove journal bearings with different spiral groove depths, widths, numbers, and pitches. For journal bearings with different spiral groove structures, the variation of the load carrying capacity and the oil film pressure with different attitude angles is illustrated. The influence of the spiral groove structures on the pressure distribution of journal bearings is investigated. The presenet research can provide techinal support and references to the design and the capacity performance of journal bearings with the spiral grooves.
Sequence representation approaches for sequence-based protein prediction tasks that use deep learning
Authors: Cui Feifei , Zhang Zilong , Zou Quan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDeep learning has been increasingly used in bioinformatics, especially in sequence-based protein prediction tasks, as large amounts of biological data are available and deep learning techniques have been developed rapidly in recent years. For sequence-based protein prediction tasks, the selection of a suitable model architecture is essential, whereas sequence data representation is a major factor in controlling model performance. Here, we summarized all the main approaches that are used to represent protein sequence data (amino acid sequence encoding or embedding), which include end-to-end embedding methods, non-contextual embedding methods and embedding methods that use transfer learning and others that are applied for some specific tasks (such as protein sequence embedding based on extracted features for protein structure predictions and graph convolutional network-based embedding for drug discovery tasks). We have also reviewed the architectures of various types of embedding models theoretically and the development of these types of sequence embedding approaches to facilitate researchers and users in selecting the model that best suits their requirements.
Genocide and ecocide in four Colombian Indigenous Communities: the Erosion of a way of life and memory
Authors: Goyes David R , South Nigel , Abaibira Mireya Astroina , Baicué Pablo , Cuchimba Angie , Ñeñetofe Deisy Tatiana Ramos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenerally, the traditional Indigenous ways of ‘knowing and seeing’ the natural world lead to more protective behaviours than the dominating economic approach that represents the interests of the global North. Indigenous ways of living and remembering are however, currently threatened with erosion by several global dynamics. While many of the most powerful forces involved in the extinguishment of Indigenous peoples and their cultures are visible and direct forms of violence, there are also structural, systemic and invisible factors at play. In this article, based on original primary data collected within communities of four Colombian Indigenous peoples, we identify the four main silent dynamics producing the extinction of Indigenous cultures in Colombia. We refer to the operation of these forces as a form of genocide and connect them to the simultaneous occurrence of an ecocide.
Field Performance and Public Health Response Using the BinaxNOWTM Rapid Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Antigen Detection Assay During Community-Based Testing
Authors: Pilarowski Genay , Marquez Carina , Rubio Luis , Peng James , Martinez Jackie , Black Douglas , Chamie Gabriel , Jones Diane , Jacobo Jon , Tulier-Laiwa Valerie , Rojas Susana , Rojas Susy , Cox Chesa , Nakamura Robert , Petersen Maya , DeRisi Joseph , Havlir Diane V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Among 3302 persons tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by BinaxNOWTM and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a community setting, rapid assay sensitivity was 100%/98.5%/89% using RT-PCR cycle thresholds of 30, 35, and no threshold. The specificity was 99.9%. Performance was high across ages and those with and without symptoms. Rapid resulting permitted immediate public health action.
Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in non-Italian nationals notified to the Italian surveillance system
Authors: Fabiani Massimo , Mateo-Urdiales Alberto , Andrianou Xanthi , Bella Antonino , Del Manso Martina , Bellino Stefania , Rota Maria C , Boros Stefano , Vescio Maria F , D'Ancona Fortunato P , Siddu Andrea , Punzo Ornella , Filia Antonietta , Brusaferro Silvio , Rezza Giovanni , Dente Maria G , Declich Silvia , Pezzotti Patrizio , Riccardo Flavia ,   for the COVID-19 Working Group
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
International literature suggests that disadvantaged groups are at higher risk of morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection due to poorer living/working conditions and barriers to healthcare access. Yet, to date, there is no evidence of this disproportionate impact on non-national individuals, including economic migrants, short-term travellers and refugees.

Methods
We analyzed data from the Italian surveillance system of all COVID-19 laboratory-confirmed cases tested positive from the beginning of the outbreak (20th of February) to the 19th of July 2020. We used multilevel negative-binomial regression models to compare the case fatality and the rate of admission to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) between Italian and non-Italian nationals. The analysis was adjusted for differences in demographic characteristics, pre-existing comorbidities, and period of diagnosis.

Results
We analyzed 213 180 COVID-19 cases, including 15 974 (7.5%) non-Italian nationals. We found that, compared to Italian cases, non-Italian cases were diagnosed at a later date and were more likely to be hospitalized {[adjusted rate ratio (ARR)=1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33–1.44]} and admitted to ICU (ARR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.32), with differences being more pronounced in those coming from countries with lower human development index (HDI). We also observed an increased risk of death in non-Italian cases from low-HDI countries (ARR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.75).

Conclusions
A delayed diagnosis in non-Italian cases could explain their worse outcomes compared to Italian cases. Ensuring early access to diagnosis and treatment to non-Italians could facilitate the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and improve health outcomes in all people living in Italy, regardless of nationality.
A Multimedia Jesuit Event: The Celebration for St Ignatius and St Francis Xavier (Milan, 1622)
Authors: Ardissino Erminia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The events organized in April 1622 in Milan to celebrate the canonization of St Ignatius and St Francis Xavier clearly show how the Catholic Church of the time, the Jesuits especially, used a combination of different sensory elements to reinforce Christian belief in the congregation. The deeds of the two Saints were represented in large pictures, displayed in the Jesuit area of Milan, and were recounted by choirs singing hymns and prayers. Moreover, there was a procession of allegorical carts representing the arts taught at the local Jesuit college of Brera. The event was recorded in a Breve relatione (1622) which allows us not only to reconstruct what happened, but also to understand why the Jesuits placed such great confidence in the efficacy of this multimedial communication strategy.
Overcorrection of the acetabular roof angle or anterior center–edge angle may cause decrease of range of motion after curved periacetabular osteotomy
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Hashimoto Shingo , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Takayama Koji , Kamenaga Tomoyuki , Niikura Takahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the correction of radiographic parameters and clinical range of motion (ROM) after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Sixty-nine patients with hip dysplasia were enrolled and underwent curved PAO. The pre- and post-operative 3D center–edge (CE) angles, total anteversion (acetabular and femoral anteversion), and radiographic acetabular roof angle were measured and compared with the post-operative ROM. The aim of surgery was to rotate the central acetabular fragment laterally without anterior or posterior rotation. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that post-operative internal rotation at 90° flexion was significantly associated with the post-operative Tönnis sourcil angle (rr = 0.31, P = 0.02) and that the post-operative ROM of flexion and internal rotation at 90° flexion were significantly associated with the anterior CE (flex; rr = −0.44, P = 0.001, internal rotation at 90° flexion; rr = −0.44, P &lt; 0.001). However, we found no association between the lateral CE, femoral anteversion, or total anteversion and the post-operative ROM. We demonstrated that the overcorrection of the acetabular roof angle or anterior CE angle may cause a decrease in the range of motion after curved PAO. Therefore, surgeons need to be careful during surgery to prevent the overcorrection of the weight-bearing area and anterior acetabular coverage of the acetabular fragment to avoid femoroacetabular impingement after PAO.
Reconstructing vegetation and climate in the Nihewan Basin, North China, during the middle Pleistocene (~603–587 ka) to trace the evolution of human environments
Authors: Zhu Yun , Yao Yi-Feng , Wei Qi , Ferguson David K , Wang Yu-Fei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The Nihewan Basin of North China, considered the cradle of Eastern civilization, contains a set of late Cenozoic strata and artifacts used by Homo erectus in the early Pleistocene (~1.66 Ma to 780 ka) and the cranial bones and teeth of early H. sapiens from the late middle Pleistocene (~370 to 260 ka). Palynological studies provide an opportunity to explore the living environment of early humans.

Methods
Palynological samples from the Hutouliang Section (~603–587 ka) of the Xiaodukou Formation of the Nihewan Basin were treated by heavy liquid flotation. Based on the palynological assemblages from the section, vegetation and climate in the Nihewan Basin were reconstructed.

Important Findings
The dynamic vegetation changed from temperate needle- and broad-leaved mixed forest-steppe (mainly Picea, Abies, Betula, Juglans, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae) to conifer forest (mainly Pinus, Picea and Abies), which saw the replacement of H. erectus by early H. sapiens. The comparison of the Nihewan Basin with other human sites around the world during the same period reveals that early humans preferred to live in caves, accompanied by relatively open steppe or forest-steppe environments, inhabited by numerous mammals. Therefore, it is inferred that the emergence of dense conifer forest and the disappearance of open steppe environments in the Nihewan Basin at approximately 603–587 ka provide new evidence that early humans followed most mammals to steppe or forest-steppe environments and thus left the Nihewan Basin. These new findings not only enrich our knowledge of early human behavior, such as their diet, migration and settlement, but also fill in gaps in paleovegetation and paleoenvironmental research in the Nihewan Basin during the middle Pleistocene (780–400 ka).
A Rodent Model of Sulfur Mustard Hematologic Toxicity for the Efficacy Evaluation of Candidate Medical Countermeasures
Authors: Beske Phillip H , Wilhelm Christina M , Harvilchuck Jill A , Platoff Jr. Gennady E , Yeung David T 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
While exposure to sulfur mustard (SM) is commonly associated with the production of vesicating dermal, ocular, and respiratory injuries, systemic damage to bone marrow and lymphatic tissue can decrease critical immune cell populations leading to higher susceptibility to life-threatening infection and septicemia. There are currently no approved medical countermeasures for SM-induced myelosuppression. An intravenous SM challenge model was developed in adult rats as a preliminary proof-of-principle platform to evaluate the efficacy of candidate immunostimulants.

Materials and Methods
Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to SM through tail vein injection. Toxicity progression was monitored through clinical observations, body weights, body temperatures, hematology, serum clinical chemistry, and flow cytometry of blood and bone marrow samples.

Results
Following SM exposure, overt toxicity progression was characterized by weight loss, changes in body temperature, and manifestation of toxic clinical signs (diarrhea, lethargy, hunched posture, rough hair coat, respiratory distress, and death). Drastic alterations in complete blood cell profiles included an early-onset lymphopenia followed by a delayed-onset neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Only transient changes in serum clinical chemistry parameters were observed. Flow cytometry analysis of circulating blood revealed that B-cells were more predominantly affected by SM exposure than T-cells. Challenge with SM resulted in loss of hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell populations in the bone marrow.

Conclusions
The small animal model developed in this study replicates many key aspects of human SM exposures and should serve as a relevant, rapid, and cost-effective platform to screen candidate medical countermeasures for SM-induced hematologic toxicity.
Complicity and Normative Control
Authors: Bennett Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Abstract:
A distinctive nonconsequentialist argument for criminalisation and punishment claims that the citizens of a state that did not criminalise serious mala in se perpetrated in its jurisdiction would be complicit in their commission. However, one objection to such an argument is that such citizens cannot be complicit because they play no causal role in the commission of the offence. Against this objection, I argue that causal contribution is unnecessary, and that one way in which a secondary agent can become complicit in a principal’s wrongdoing is if they allow that wrongdoing to be carried out in a domain over which they have authority, and with their permission. As a result of giving permission, the agent shares in the principal’s blameworthiness.
Developing an end-to-end simulation framework of supernova neutrino detection
Authors: Mori Masamitsu , Suwa Yudai , Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Harada Masayuki , Harada Akira , Koshio Yusuke , Wendell Roger A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Massive stars can explode as supernovae at the end of their life cycle, releasing neutrinos whose total energy reaches $10^{53}{\rm\, erg}$. Moreover, neutrinos play key roles in supernovae, heating and reviving the shock wave as well as cooling the resulting proto-neutron star. Therefore, neutrino detectors are waiting to observe the next galactic supernova, and several theoretical simulations of supernova neutrinos are underway. While these simulations concentrate mainly on only the first second after the supernova bounce, the only observation of a supernova with neutrinos, SN 1987A, revealed that neutrino emission lasts for more than 10 seconds. For this reason, long-time simulation and analysis tools are needed to compare theories with the next observation. Our study develops an integrated supernova analysis framework to prepare an analysis pipeline for treating galactic supernovae observations in the near future. This framework deals with the core-collapse, bounce, and proto-neutron star cooling processes, as well as with neutrino detection on Earth in a consistent manner. We have developed a new long-time supernova simulation in one dimension that explodes successfully and computes the neutrino emission for up to 20 seconds. Using this model we estimate the resulting neutrino signal at the Super-Kamiokande detector to be about 1800 events for an explosion at 10 kpc, and we discuss the implications of this. We compare this result with the SN 1987A observation to test its reliability.
Similarities in Cortical Transcriptome Alterations Between Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Are Related to the Presence of Psychosis
Authors: Enwright John F , Lewis David A 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) share a number of features. For example, multiple transcriptome analyses have reported molecular alterations common to both diagnoses, findings supported by the considerable overlap in the genetic risk for each disorder. These molecular similarities may underlie certain clinical features that are frequently present in both disorders. Indeed, many individuals with BP exhibit psychosis, and some individuals with SCZ have prominent mood symptoms that warrant the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (SA). To explore the potential relationships between molecular alterations and certain clinical features among subjects with these diagnoses, we analyzed RNA sequencing data from the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, provided by the CommonMind Consortium, in subjects from the University of Pittsburgh Brain Tissue Donation Program. Relative to unaffected comparison subjects, in each brain region, robust differential gene expression was present only in SCZ, including a lower expression of genes involved in mitochondrial function and an elevated expression of immune-related genes. However, correlation analyses showed that BP subjects had similar, although less pronounced, gene expression alterations. Comparisons across subgroups of subjects revealed that the similarities between SCZ and BP subjects were principally due to the BP subjects with psychosis. Moreover, the gene expression profile in BP subjects with psychosis was more similar to “pure” SCZ and SA subjects than to BP subjects without psychosis. Together, these analyses suggest that similarities in gene expression between SCZ and BP are at least partially related to the presence of psychosis in some BP subjects.
Implementing a Hospital-Based Safe Sleep Program for Newborns and Infants
Authors: Patrick Patricia A. , Canter Jennifer F. , Brumberg Heather L. , Dozor Donna , Aboudi David , Smith Marichu , Sandhu Sumeet , Trinidad Nathalie , LaGamma Edmund , Altman Robin L. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
An unsafe sleep environment remains the leading contributor to unexpected infant death.

Purpose:
To determine the effectiveness of a quality improvement initiative developed to create a hospital-based safe sleep environment for all newborns and infants.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary team from the well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a 149-bed academic, quaternary care, regional referral center developed and implemented safe sleep environments within the hospital for all prior to discharge. To monitor compliance, the following were tracked monthly: documentation of parent education, caregiver surveys, and hospital crib check audits. On the inpatient general pediatric units, only hospital crib check audits were tracked. Investigators used Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to evaluate the impact of the initiative from October 2015 through February 2018.

Results:
Safe sleep education was documented for all randomly checked records (n = 440). A survey (n = 348) revealed that almost all caregivers (95.4%) reported receiving information on safe infant sleep. Initial compliance with all criteria in WBN (n = 281), NICU (n = 285), and general pediatric inpatient units (n = 121) was 0%, 0%, and 8.3%, respectively. At 29 months, WBN and NICU compliance with all criteria was 90% and 100%, respectively. At 7 months, general pediatric inpatient units' compliance with all criteria was 20%.

Implications for Practice:
WBN, NICU and general pediatric inpatient unit collaboration with content experts led to unit-specific strategies that improved safe sleep practices.

Implications for Research:
Future studies on the impact of such an initiative at other hospitals are needed.
The Effect of 2 Humidifier Temperature Settings on Inspired Gas Temperatures and the Physiological Parameters of Preterm Infants Receiving Mechanical Ventilation Therapy
Authors: Bayraktar Sema , Balcı Serap , Ince Zeynep 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The use of heated and humidified gas during mechanical ventilation is routine care in neonatal intensive care units. Giving gas at inadequate heat and humidity levels can affect neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Purpose:
To compare the effects of 2 humidifier temperature settings on the temperature and humidity of the inspired gas and the physiologic parameters in preterm newborns receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods:
The research was conducted in a single-group quasi-experimental design. Proximal temperature was measured using a humidity heat transmitter. The humidifier temperature was set at 38°C (temperature I) and then at 39°C (temperature II).

Results:
The mean proximal temperatures were significantly lower than the values set in the humidifier (33.8 ± 1.20°C at temperature I, and 34.06 ± 1.30°C at temperature II, P < .001). However, the difference between the 2 proximal temperatures was not significant (P = .162). The incubator temperature was found to be effective on the proximal gas temperature (P < .05). It was found that only preterm infants in the temperature II group had a higher mean heart rate (P < .05).

Implications for Practice:
Incubator temperatures may have an effect on inspired gas temperature in preterm infants who are mechanically ventilated and caregivers should be aware of these potentially negative effects.

Implications for Research:
Future studies should focus on how to measure the temperature and humidity of gas reaching infants in order to prevent heat and humidity losses.