bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 coagulopathy: is it disseminated intravascular coagulation?
Authors: Levi Marcel , Iba Toshiaki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the significant complications of severe COVID-19 infections is a coagulopathy that seems to be related to the occurrence of venous and arterial thromboembolic disease. The coagulation changes mimic but are not identical to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 do not meet the criteria for usual forms of DIC. In addition, there seem to be features of a strong local pulmonary thrombotic microangiopathy and direct endothelial cell infection and injury by the virus that affect the coagulopathic response to severe COVID-19. It seems COVID-19 leads to a distinct intravascular coagulation syndrome that may need separate diagnostic criteria.
Refined families of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes
Authors: Hongsanan Sinang , Hyde Kevin D. , Phookamsak Rungtiwa , Wanasinghe Dhanushka N. , McKenzie Eric H. C. , Sarma V. Venkateswara , Lücking Robert , Boonmee Saranyaphat , Bhat Jayarama D. , Liu Ning-Guo , Tennakoon Danushka S. , Pem Dhandevi , Karunarathna Anuruddha , Jiang Shu-Hua , Jones Gareth E. B. , Phillips Alan J. L. , Manawasinghe Ishara S. , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Jayasiri Subashini C. , Sandamali Diana , Jayawardena Ruvishika S. , Wijayawardene Nalin N. , Ekanayaka Anusha H. , Jeewon Rajesh , Lu Yong-Zhong , Phukhamsakda Chayanard , Dissanayake Asha J. , Zeng Xiang-Yu , Luo Zong-Long , Tian Qing , Thambugala Kasun M. , Dai Dongqin , Samarakoon Milan C. , Chethana K. W. Thilini , Ertz Damien , Doilom Mingkwan , Liu Jian-Kui (Jack) , Pérez-Ortega Sergio , Suija Ave , Senwanna Chanokned , Wijesinghe Subodini N. , Niranjan Mekala , Zhang Sheng-Nan , Ariyawansa Hiran A. , Jiang Hong-Bo , Zhang Jin-Feng , Norphanphoun Chada , de Silva Nimali I. , Thiyagaraja Vinodhini , Zhang Huang , Bezerra Jadson D. P. , Miranda-González Ricardo , Aptroot André , Kashiwadani Hiroyuki , Harishchandra Dulanjalee , Sérusiaux Emmanuël , Abeywickrama Pranami D. , Bao Dan-Feng , Devadatha Bandarupalli , Wu Hai-Xia , Moon Kwang Hee , Gueidan Cecile , Schumm Felix , Bundhun Digvijayini , Mapook Ausana , Monkai Jutamart , Bhunjun Chitrabhanu S. , Chomnunti Putarak , Suetrong Satinee , Chaiwan Napalai , Dayarathne Monika C. , Yang Jing , Rathnayaka Achala R. , Xu Jian-Chu , Zheng Jiesheng , Liu Gang , Feng Yao , Xie Ning 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNumerous new taxa and classifications of Dothideomycetes have been published following the last monograph of families of Dothideomycetes in 2013. A recent publication by Honsanan et al. in 2020 expanded information of families in Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae with modern classifications. In this paper, we provide a refined updated document on orders and familiesincertae sedisof Dothideomycetes. Each family is provided with an updated description, notes, including figures to represent the morphology, a list of accepted genera, and economic and ecological significances. We also provide phylogenetic trees for each order. In this study, 31 orders which consist 50 families are assigned as ordersincertae sedisin Dothideomycetes, and 41 families are treated as familiesincertae sedisdue to lack of molecular or morphological evidence. The new order, Catinellales, and four new families,Catinellaceae,Morenoinaceae NeobuelliellaceaeandThyrinulaceaeare introduced. Seven genera (Neobuelliella,Pseudomicrothyrium,Flagellostrigula,Swinscowia,Macroconstrictolumina,Pseudobogoriella, andSchummia) are introduced. Seven new species (Acrospermum urticae,Bogoriella complexoluminata,Dothiorella ostryae,Dyfrolomyces distoseptatus,Macroconstrictolumina megalateralis,Patellaria microspora, andPseudomicrothyrium thailandicum) are introduced base on morphology and phylogeny, together with two new records/reports and five new collections from different families. Ninety new combinations are also provided in this paper.
Antidiabetic Effects of Gegen Qinlian Decoction via the Gut Microbiota are Attributable to Its Key Ingredient Berberine
Authors: Xu Xizhan , Gao Zezheng , Yang Fuquan , Yang Yingying , Chen Liang , Han Lin , Zhao Na , Xu Jiayue , Wang Xinmiao , Ma Yue , Shu Lian , Hu Xiaoxi , Lyu Na , Pan Yuanlong , Zhu Baoli , Zhao Linhua , Tong Xiaolin , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of common metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the main limitation of its wider application is ingredient complexity of this formula. Thus, it is critically important to identify the major active ingredients of GQD and to illustrate mechanisms underlying its action. Here, we compared the effects of GQD and berberine, a hypothetical key active pharmaceutical ingredient of GQD, on a diabetic rat model by comprehensive analyses of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and ileum transcriptomics. Our results show that berberine and GQD had similar effects on lowering blood glucose levels, modulating gut microbiota, inducing ileal gene expression, as well as relieving systemic and local inflammation. As expected, both berberine and GQD treatment significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation and lowering glucose. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces were also significantly elevated after treatment with berberine or GQD. Moreover, concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines and expression of immune-related genes, including Nfkb1, Stat1, and Ifnrg1, in pancreatic islets were significantly reduced after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the main effects of GQD can be attributed to berberine via modulating gut microbiota. The strategy employed would facilitate further standardization and widespread application of TCM in many diseases.
Chang’E‐4 Rover Spectra Revealing Micro‐scale Surface Thermophysical Properties of the Moon
Authors: Wu Yunzhao , Kührt Ekkehard , Grott Matthias , Jin Qi , Xu Tianyi , Helbert Jörn , Hamm Maximilian , Qin Nannan , Ma Jinsong , Vincent Jean‐Baptiste , Hayne Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLunar surface temperature variations provide key information about the thermophysical properties of the regolith. To date, temperatures have been measured using telescopes and orbiter instruments, providing information from mid‐infrared to long infrared (IR) wavelengths. Here, we report on temperature measurements in the short‐wavelength IR at centimeter scales observed in situ by the Chang’E‐4 rover. These local observations are an important complement to the existing large‐scale data. We show that even at 2.39 µm, where reflected radiation dominates the spectrum, thermal information can be retrieved from the data. The observed thermal radiances and derived temperatures depend on the observation geometry, specifically the relative azimuth angle between Sun and detector. This indicates that surface roughness on subresolution (millimeter) scales causes a non‐Lambertian radiation pattern of the emitted flux that is per definition independent of the observation angle. This behavior must be considered when deriving temperatures and thermal properties of lunar regolith.
Environmental Indicator for COVID‐19 Non‐Pharmaceutical Interventions
Authors: Lian Xinbo , Huang Jianping , Zhang Li , Liu Chuwei , Liu Xiaoyue , Wang Lina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) has caused viral pneumonia worldwide, posing a major threat to international health. Our study reports that city lockdown is an effective way to reduce the number of new cases and the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration can be used as an environmental lockdown indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown measures. The airborne NO2 concentration steeply decreased over the vast majority of COVID‐19‐hit areas since the lockdown. The total number of newly confirmed cases reached an inflection point about two weeks since the lockdown and could be reduced by about 50% within 30 days of the lockdown. The stricter lockdown will help newly confirmed cases to decline earlier and more rapidly, and at the same time, the reduction rate of NO2 concentration will increase. Our research results show that NO2 satellite observations can help decision makers effectively monitor and manage non‐pharmaceutical interventions in the epidemic.
Alfvén Wave Parallel Electric Field in the Dipole Model of the Magnetosphere: Gyrokinetic Treatment
Authors: Kostarev Danila V. , Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA mechanism for generation of the parallel electric field by Alfvén wave in the dipole model of the magnetosphere in full gyrokinetics is proposed. The parallel electric field of the Alfvén mode is caused by the coupling of the Alfvén and electrostatic modes due to the plasma inhomogeneity and field line curvature in presence of the trapped hot electrons. The parallel electric field is described by an inhomogeneous integral equation arising from the averaging of the bounce motion of hot electrons. It was found that the parallel electric field is localized near the ionosphere at the heights below 0.5 Earth's radius. For typical Alfvén wave amplitudes observed in space, the parallel electric field potential reaches the values of several kV, which can provide enough acceleration for the precipitating auroral electrons.
Molar occlusion and jaw roll in early crown mammals
Authors: Jäger Kai R. K. , Cifelli Richard L. , Martin Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTriconodontidae are considered the first carnivorous crown mammals. A virtual reconstruction of the masticatory cycle in the Late Jurassic Priacodon showed that triconodontid dental function is characterized by precise cutting on elongated crests. The combination of traits linked to both carnivorous diets (e.g. fore-aft cutting edges) and insectivorous diets (transverse crests and lobes) suggests a varied faunivorous diet appropriate to the small body size of most triconodontids. Total length of molar shear decreased with wear, suggesting a dietary shift during ontogeny. Embrasure occlusion is confirmed for P. fruitaensis as indicated by premolar positioning, facet orientation, and collision areas. Embrasure occlusion is considered a general feature of all Eutriconodonta, whereas the previously assumed Morganucodon-like pattern is limited to few early mammaliaforms. Unlike modern carnivores, significant roll of around 10° of the active hemimandible occurred during the power stroke. Roll was likely passive in Triconodontidae in contrast to active roll described for extant therians. The triconodontid molar series was highly uniform and adapted to a precise fit, with self-sharpening lower molar cusps. Whereas the uniformity ensured good cutting capabilities, it likely put the dentition under greater constraints, conserving the highly stereotyped nature of triconodontid molars for 60–85 Ma.
Linguo-pragmatic potential of creolized texts in online international EFL exams
Authors: Malakhova Victoria , Kopshukova Ekaterina 
Published: December 2020

Nowadays we face the intense transition of the modern education system into the digital space due to some important reasons, the main of which are development of information technologies and the environmental factor. As a result, the priority is given to online exams; this requires both the content and design of exam materials to be adapted to the demands of the modern life and business world. In this connection, the analysis of creolized international EFL exam texts becomes relevant. The study sets its purpose the systematization and description of the main verbal and non-verbal markers of minitexts from international ESL exam demo-papers, which reveal the pragmatic potential of the texts considered.
The research methodological background is a combination of structural, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive text analysis.
We analyze texts with full and partial creolization and signs focusing on paralinguistic means of enhancing the linguo-pragmatic potential of creolized international ESL exam texts. The study highlights the functions which are performed with the synthesis of verbal and nonverbal communicative means. The findings make a significant contribution to developing and improving the effectiveness of exam materials and the process of conducting online exams in English.
Prediction of the amplitude of solar cycle 25 using polar faculae observations
Authors: Janssens Jan 
Published: December 2020

Based on the monthly number of polar faculae, a forecast of the amplitude of solar cycle 25 (SC25) is provided, as well as a prediction of the number of solar flares. Faculae near both solar poles have been visually observed using a commercial off-the-shelf 20 cm Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope since 1995. The monthly averages were corrected for varying seeing conditions and the heliographic latitude of the center of the solar diskB0. From the deduced relationship between the smoothed number of monthly polar faculae during the solar cycle minimum, and the subsequent maximum of the monthly sunspot number, a prediction has been made for the amplitude of the next solar cycle. The methodology used can be considered as a precursor technique. The expected number of M- and X-class flares was calculated based on a statistical approach. The maximum of SC25 is predicted to be 118 ± 29, of similar strength than the previous SC24. Also the number of M5 or stronger flares is expected to be comparable to that of the previous solar cycle.
Secondary Reconstruction of the Zygomaticomaxillary Complex
Authors: Aman Hessah M. , Alenezi Abdulrahman , Ducic Yadranko , Reddy Likith V. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractZygomaticomaxillary (ZMC) fractures are the second most common facial fractures after nasal bone fractures. The zygoma, with its location and multiple points of articulations, lends itself to both facial structure and esthetics. Secondary ZMC deformities are complications of inadequate primary correction, delayed repair, or lack of repair. Secondary revisions of ZMC aim to correct ZMC displacement and projection and to address orbital discrepancies. Extensive correction involving significant orbital and malar defects requires zygomatic repositioning osteotomies and would greatly benefit from the utilization of virtual surgical planning, intraoperative navigation, and imaging. Minor corrections in malar projection can be corrected by onlay grafting and soft tissue augmentation and resuspension. Isolated or minor orbital corrections can be managed by autogenous or alloplastic material to restore lost orbital volume and anatomy.
Regional Salvage Flap Options in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Correia Camil , Wang Weitao , Vincent Aurora G. , Chan David , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicrovascular free tissue transfer is the standard in the complex head and neck reconstruction with success rates greater than 95%. Free tissue transfer allows for more versatility in reconstructing complex defects with better tissue match. Failures, however, do occur and subsequent free tissue transfer might not be an option due to either the patients' health or in a vessel depleted neck. In these challenging salvage scenarios, the head and neck reconstructive surgeon must turn to regional flaps for reconstruction. Here, we review multiple regional flap options for salvage head and neck reconstruction.
Fistula Management in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sanchez Anthony , Frank Ethan , Inman Jared , Wang Weitao , Namin Arya , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFistulas in head and neck cancer patients are a common and challenging issue. Despite their commonality, there is little consensus regarding optimal treatment strategies or in preventative measures that might be taken preoperatively. A general knowledge and understanding of what factors correlate with fistula formation can assist a surgeon in optimizing a patient for surgery, thus decreasing prevalence. In addition, surgical techniques can aid in both the prevention and treatment of fistulas once they form. This review details risk factors for fistula formation, the use of vascularized tissue as a preventative measure, conservative and nonconservative treatment of fistulas, and possible strategies to decrease the likelihood of their formation.
Loanwords vs relics
Authors: Geller Ewa , Gajek Michał 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the major issues in historical and contact linguistics is how to distinguish between inherited and acquired vocabulary in a given language: both traditional historical linguistics and modern contact linguistics are in this respect eventually forced to resort to inferences. The aim of this paper is to propose a diagnostic test to aid in the identification of putative substratum relics in the lexicon. The method for this test consists in juxtaposing and comparing word families in the source and recipient language. We use the example of Yiddish-Slavic language contact, in which contact-induced changes are still relatively transparent. We employ wordnets – digital networks of lexical entities connected by lexico-semantic relations – in order to visually “map” lexical and semantic relations of transferred lexemes within the recipient language onto the source language. The method allows us to combine contemporary empirical data with historical analysis.
Thickening language and sexuality studies
Authors: Cashman Holly R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this contribution to the special issue of the Journal of Language and Sexuality celebrating
its 10th anniversary, I reflect on several key articles in the journal that related to my work in language and sexuality with
queer, Latinx and bi/multilingual individuals and organizations, survey the field of language and sexuality today from my vantage
point, and propose several directions for the future of language and sexuality studies, namely: to engage multilingualism, to
question our ideologies as researchers, to grapple more deeply with intersectionality through ethnography, and to consider age more
seriously.
Fact or fiction?
Authors: Chlebuch Natasha , Goldstein Thalia R. , Weisberg Deena Skolnick 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many studies have claimed to find that reading fiction leads to improvements in social cognition. But this work
has left open the critical question of whether any type of narrative, fictional or nonfictional, might have similar effects. To
address this question, as well as to test whether framing a narrative as fiction matters, the current studies presented
participants (N = 268 in Study 1; N = 362 in Study 2) with literary fiction texts, narrative
nonfiction texts, expository nonfiction texts, or no texts. We tested their theory-of-mind abilities using the picture-based
Reading the Mind in the Eyes task and a text-based test of higher-order social cognition. Reading anything was associated with
higher scores compared to reading nothing, but the effects of framing and text type were inconsistent. These results suggest that
prior claims regarding positive effects of reading fiction on mentalizing should be seen as tenuous; other mechanisms may be
driving previously published effects.
The effects of mode on interpreting performance in a simulated police interview
Authors: Hale Sandra , Goodman-Delahunty Jane , Martschuk Natalie , Doherty Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This study tested the effects of the consecutive and simultaneous interpreting modes in a simulated police interview, addressing four research questions: (1) Does the consecutive interpreting mode lead to more accurate interpreting than the simultaneous interpreting mode? (2) Do language combinations moderate the performance of similarly qualified interpreters? (3) Does experience in simultaneous interpreting in legal settings increase interpreting accuracy in SI? and (4) Which mode of interpreting do interpreters perceive to require more mental effort? A total of 70 interpreters interpreted a live simulated interview between an English-speaking interviewer and an Arabic-, Mandarin- or Spanish-speaking suspect. Mode was varied within participants, and the order of the mode was counter-balanced across participants. Interpreters rated their perceived mental effort after the task. Independent assessments of performance showed better results for the simultaneous interpreting mode, regardless of language. This effect held for accuracy of style, verbal rapport markers, and interpreting protocol.
Effects of core stochastization on particle and momentum transport
Authors: Ohtani Yoshiaki , Tanaka Kenji , Igami Hiroe , Ida Katsumi , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Takemura Yuki , Tsuchiya Hayato , Sanders Mike , Yoshinuma Mikirou , Tokuzawa Tokihiko , Yamada Ichihiro , Yasuhara Ryo , Funaba Hisamichi , Shoji Mamoru , Bando Takahiro , LHD Experimental Group  
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effects of the stochastic magnetic field in a plasma center produced by electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) on transport have been revealed. Because the electron temperature profile is flat in the core region, in the case of counter-directed ECCD (ctr-ECCD) against the toroidal magnetic field, the magnetic field is stochastic in the core region with rotational transform ᵼ ∼ 1/3. The particle diffusion coefficient of the ctr-ECCD plasma is approximately 20 times as large as that of the plasma without the stochastic magnetic field produced by co-directed ECCD (co-ECCD) at the maximum. Furthermore, in the stochastic magnetic field with ctr-ECCD, counter-directed intrinsic rotation is observed in the plasma with balanced NBI discharge.
Circular photogalvanic effect from third-order nonlinear effect in 1T’-MoTe2
Authors: Ma Junchao , Muniz Rodrigo A. , Qi Shaomian , Lai Jiawei , Zhang Kenan , Liu Yinan , Zhuo Xiao , Chen Shuxia , Chen Jian-Hao , Zhou Shuyun , Sun Dong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The two-dimensional layered material MoTe2 has aroused extensive research interests in its rich optoelectronic properties in various phases. One property of particular interest is the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE): a conventional second order nonlinear optical effect that is related to the chirality of materials. It has been demonstrated in Td-MoTe2, a type-II topological Weyl semimetal candidate, while it has been unclear so far whether it exists in the semimetallic 1T’ phase, another interesting phase that hosts a quantum spin hall state. In this article, we report a clear experimental observation of in-plane CPGE in 1T’-MoTe2. The observation is confirmed under various experimental designs with excitation by normally incident mid-infrared laser, and we find it to be related to an in-plane internal DC electric field. We attribute the circular photogalvanic response to a third-order nonlinear optical effect involving this DC electric field, which is consistent with the crystal symmetry of the lattices and present in both the 1T’ and Td phases of the material.