bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collapse of the Last Eurasian Ice Sheet in the North Sea Modulated by Combined Processes of Ice Flow, Surface Melt, and Marine Ice Sheet Instabilities
Authors: Gandy Niall , Gregoire Lauren J. , Ely Jeremy C. , Cornford Stephen L. , Clark Christopher D. , Hodgson David M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe record of the confluence and collapse of the British‐Irish Ice Sheet and the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet is obscured by the North Sea, hindering reconstructions of the glacial dynamics of this sector of the Eurasian Ice Sheet complex during the last glacial cycle. Previous numerical simulations of the deglaciation of the North Sea have also struggled to capture the confluence and separation of the British‐Irish and Fennoscandian Ice Sheets. We ran an ensemble of 70 experiments simulating the deglaciation of the North Sea between 23 and 18 ka BP using the BISICLES ice sheet model. A novel suite of quantitative model‐data comparison tools was used to identify plausible simulations of deglaciation that match empirical data for ice flow, margin position, and retreat ages, allowing comparisons to large amounts of empirical data. In ensemble members that best match the empirical data, the North Sea deglaciates through the collapse of the marine‐based Norwegian Channel Ice Stream, unzipping the confluence between the British‐Irish Ice Sheet and the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Thinning of the Norwegian Channel Ice Stream causes surface temperature feedbacks, rapid grounding line retreat, and ice stream acceleration, further driving separation of the British‐Irish and the Fennoscandian Ice Sheets. These simulations of the North Sea deglaciation conform with the majority of empirical evidence, and therefore provide physically plausible insights that are consistent with reconstructions based on the empirical evidence, and permit a quantitative comparison between model and data.
The human respiratory tract microbial community structures in healthy and cystic fibrosis infants
Authors: Pust Marie-Madlen , Wiehlmann Lutz , Davenport Colin , Rudolf Isa , Dittrich Anna-Maria , Tümmler Burkhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe metagenome development of the human respiratory tract was investigated by shotgun metagenome metagenomic sequencing of cough swabs from healthy children and children with cystic fibrosis (CF) between 3 weeks and 6 years of age. A healthy microbial community signature was associated with increased absolute abundances in terms of bacterial–human cell ratios of core and rare species across all age groups, with a higher diversity of rare species and a tightly interconnected species co-occurrence network, in which individual members were found in close proximity to each other and negative correlations were absent. Even without typical CF pathogens, the CF infant co-occurrence network was found to be less stable and prone to fragmentation due to fewer connections between species, a higher number of bridging species and the presence of negative species correlations. Detection of low-abundant DNA of the CF hallmark pathogenPseudomonas aeruginosawas neither disease- nor age-associated in our cohort. Healthy and CF children come into contact withP. aeruginosaon a regular basis and from early on.
Alterations in resting-state network dynamics along the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Puttaert D. , Coquelet N. , Wens V. , Peigneux P. , Fery P. , Rovai A. , Trotta N. , Sadeghi N. , Coolen T. , Bier J.-C. , Goldman S. , De Tiège X. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHuman brain activity is intrinsically organized into resting-state networks (RSNs) that transiently activate or deactivate at the sub-second timescale. Few neuroimaging studies have addressed how Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects these fast temporal brain dynamics, and how they relate to the cognitive, structural and metabolic abnormalities characterizing AD. We aimed at closing this gap by investigating both brain structure and function using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and hybrid positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance (PET/MR) in 10 healthy elders, 10 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 10 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 10 patients with typical Alzheimer’s disease with dementia (AD). The fast activation/deactivation state dynamics of RSNs were assessed using hidden Markov modeling (HMM) of power envelope fluctuations at rest measured with MEG. Correlations were sought between temporal properties of HMM states and participants' cognitive test scores, whole hippocampal grey matter volume and regional brain glucose metabolism. The posterior default-mode network (DMN) was less often activated and for shorter durations in AD patients than matched healthy elders. No significant difference was found in patients with SCD or aMCI. The time spent by participants in the activated posterior DMN state did not correlate significantly with cognitive scores, nor with the whole hippocampal volume. However, it correlated positively with the regional glucose consumption in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). AD patients present alterations of posterior DMN power activation dynamics at rest that identify an additional electrophysiological correlate of AD-related synaptic and neural dysfunction. The right DLPFC may play a causal role in the activation of the posterior DMN, possibly linked to the occurrence of mind wandering episodes. As such, these data might suggest a neural correlate of the decrease in mind wandering episodes reported in pathological aging.
Identification of potential transcription factors that enhance human iPSC generation
Authors: Swaidan Nuha T. , Salloum-Asfar Salam , Palangi Freshteh , Errafii Khaoula , Soliman Nada H. , Aboughalia Ahmed T. , Wali Abdul Haseeb S. , Abdulla Sara A. , Emara Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough many factors have been identified and used to enhance the iPSC reprogramming process, its efficiency remains quite low. In addition, reprogramming efficacy has been evidenced to be affected by disease mutations that are present in patient samples. In this study, using RNA-seq platform we have identified and validated the differential gene expression of five transcription factors (TFs) (GBX2, NANOGP8, SP8, PEG3,andZIC1) that were associated with a remarkable increase in the number of iPSC colonies generated from a patient with Parkinson's disease. We have applied different bioinformatics tools (Gene ontology, protein–protein interaction, and signaling pathways analyses) to investigate the possible roles of these TFs in pluripotency and developmental process. Interestingly,GBX2, NANOGP8, SP8, PEG3,andZIC1were found to play a role in maintaining pluripotency, regulating self-renewal stages, and interacting with other factors that are involved in pluripotency regulation includingOCT4, SOX2, NANOG,andKLF4. Therefore, the TFs identified in this study could be used as additional transcription factors that enhance reprogramming efficiency to boost iPSC generation technology.
Identification of metabolic markers predictive of prediabetes in a Korean population
Authors: Lee Heun-Sik , Park Tae-Joon , Kim Jeong-Min , Yun Jun Ho , Yu Ho-Yeong , Kim Yeon-Jung , Kim Bong-Jo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrediabetes (PD) is a high-risk state of developing type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Metabolomics-based biomarker studies can provide advanced opportunities for prediction of PD over the conventional methods. Here, we aimed to identify metabolic markers and verify their abilities to predict PD, as compared to the performance of the traditional clinical risk factor (CRF) and previously reported metabolites in other population-based studies. Targeted metabolites quantification was performed in 1723 participants in the Korea Association REsource (KARE) cohort, from which 500 normal individuals were followed up for 6 years. We selected 12 significant metabolic markers, including five amino acids, four glycerophospholipids, two sphingolipids, and one acylcarnitine, at baseline, resulting in a predicted incidence of PD with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 during follow-up. The performance of these metabolic markers compared to that of fasting glucose was significantly higher in obese patients (body mass index: BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, 0.79 vs. 0.58, P < 0.001). The combination with metabolic markers, CRF, and fasting glucose yielded the best prediction performance (AUC = 0.86). Our results revealed that metabolic markers were not only associated with the risk of PD, but also improved the prediction performance in combination with conventional approaches.
The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral microbiome dynamics in Japanese patients
Authors: Kado Isamu , Hisatsune Junzo , Tsuruda Keiko , Tanimoto Kotaro , Sugai Motoyuki 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFixed orthodontic appliances are common and effective tools to treat malocclusion. Adverse effects of these appliances, such as dental caries and periodontitis, may be associated with alteration of the microbiome. This study investigated the impact of these appliances on the dynamics of the oral microbiome. Seventy-one patients were selected. Supragingival plaque samples were collected before placement (T0) and six months after placement (T1). Saliva samples were collected at T0 and T1, and then when appliance removal (T2). Microbial DNA was analyzed by 16S rRNA meta-sequencing. The diversity analysis indicated dynamic changes in the structure of the oral microbiome. Taxonomic analysis at phylum level showed a significant increase in Bacteroidetes and Saccharibacteria (formally TM7) and decrease in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria over time, in both plaque and saliva. Genus level analysis of relative abundance indicated a significant increase in anaerobic and facultative anaerobes in both plaque and saliva. Fixed orthodontic appliances induced measurable changes in the oral microbiome. This was characterized by an increase in relative abundance of obligate anaerobes, including periodontal pathogens. It can be concluded that this dysbiosis induced by fixed orthodontic appliances is likely to represent a transitional stage in the shift in microbiome from healthy to periodontitis.
Prognostic value of occult lymph node metastases in patients with completely resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Shao-bin , Liu Di-tian , Huang Shu-jie , Weng Hong-rui , Wang Geng , Li Hua , Chen Yu-ping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo investigate the prognostic value of occult lymph node metastases (OLNMs) in patients with pathologically lymph node negative (pN0) esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). OLNMs were detected in 516 pN0 ESCC patients by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between the clinicopathological features and OLNM, and the prognostic value of OLNM was explored. Eighty-eight patients (17.1%) had OLNMs, including 37 patients with isolated tumor cells (ITCs), 49 patients with micrometastases, and 2 patients with macrometastases (> 2 mm). The OLNM-positive group had poorer differentiation and a more advanced pT category. The 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with OLNMs were significantly worse than those of IHC-negative patients (P < 0.001), but similar to those of the pN1 patients (P > 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that OLNM was an independent prognostic factor. In subgroup analyses, the IHC-negative patients had significant survival advantages compared with the ITC group and the micrometastasis group, whereas the survival for the ITC group was similar to that of the micrometastasis group. IHC staining in pN0 ESCC patients might help to identify patients at high risk of death after resection, and ITCs in the lymph nodes appear to have a prognostic value equal to that of micrometastases.
Near-field cavity optomechanical coupling in a compound semiconductor nanowire
Authors: Asano Motoki , Zhang Guoqiang , Tawara Takehiko , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Okamoto Hajime 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA III-V compound semiconductor nanowire is an attractive material for a novel hybrid quantum interface that interconnects photons, electrons, and phonons through a wavelength-tunable quantum structure embedded in its free-standing structure. In such a nanomechanical element, however, a challenge is how to detect and manipulate a small number of phonons via its tiny mechanical motion. A solution would be to couple an optical cavity to a nanowire by introducing the ‘cavity optomechanics' framework, but the typical size difference between them becomes a barrier to achieving this. Here, we demonstrate near-field coupling of a silica microsphere cavity and an epitaxially grown InP/InAs free-standing nanowire. The evanescent optomechanical coupling enables not only fine probing of the nanowire’s mechanical motion by balanced homodyne interferometry but also tuning of the resonance frequency, linewidth, Duffing nonlinearity, and vibration axis in it. Combining this cavity optomechanics with epitaxial nanowire engineering opens the way to novel quantum metrology and information processing.
Biochemical characterization of anE. colicell division factor FtsE shows ATPase cycles similar to the NBDs of ABC-transporters
Authors: Mallick Sunanda , Kumar Ashish , Dodia Hiren , Alexander Cyrus , Vasudevan Dileep , Beuria Tushar Kant 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe peptidoglycan (PG) layer is an intricate and dynamic component of the bacterial cell wall, which requires a constant balance between its synthesis and hydrolysis. FtsEX complex present on the inner membrane is shown to transduce signals to induce PG hydrolysis. FtsE has sequence similarity with the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of ABC transporters. The NBDs in most of the ABC transporters couple ATP hydrolysis to transport molecules inside or outside the cell. Also, this reaction cycle is driven by the dimerization of NBDs. Though extensive studies have been carried out on the Escherchia coli FtsEX complex, it remains elusive regarding how FtsEX complex helps in signal transduction or transportation of molecules. Also, very little is known about the biochemical properties and ATPase activities of FtsE. Because of its strong interaction with the membrane-bound protein FtsX, FtsE stays insoluble upon overexpression in E. coli, and thus, most studies on E. coli FtsE (FtsEEc) in the past have used refolded FtsE. Here in the present paper, for the first time, we report the soluble expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of FtsE from E. coli. The purified soluble FtsE exhibits high thermal stability, exhibits ATPase activity and has more than one ATP-binding site. We have also demonstrated a direct interaction between FtsE and the cytoplasmic loop of FtsX. Together, our findings suggest that during bacterial division, the ATPase cycle of FtsE and its interaction with the FtsX cytoplasmic loop may help to regulate the PG hydrolysis at the mid cell.
Optimal resource allocation in 5G system using modified lion algorithm
Authors: Kanaga Suba Raja Subramanian , Bamila Virgin Louis Augusteen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis research work intends to examine the resource allocation issues within the hybrid multi‐carrier non‐orthogonal multiple access (MC‐NOMA) systems, which includes the NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) modes. This is exploited to attain the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) tradeoff with the minimum rate requirements of users. The entire degree of freedom that is incorporated within the resource allocation comprised user clustering, power allocation, choice of multiple access (MA) modes, and subcarrier assignment as well. This work mainly focuses on the resource allocation issue having every minimum rate requirement of users for the SE‐EE tradeoff in hybrid MC‐NOMA systems. Moreover, this work aims to make this possible with the incorporation of the optimisation aspect since it is the most significant way of solving multi‐objective problems. Here, the resource allocation along with power allocation seems to be the crucial fact that is modelled or designed as the single‐objective problem. Thereby, the subcarriers, and powers are optimally allocated by means of a new algorithm named Lion algorithm with Probabilistic Mating, which is the modification of the Lion algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed work is compared over other state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of cost analysis.
Astrometric measurement and reduction of Pulkovo photographic observations of the main Saturnian satellites from 1972 to 2007 in the Gaia reference frame
Authors: Khovritchev M. Yu. , Robert V. , Narizhnaya N. V. , Vasilyeva T. A. , Apetyan A. A. , Bikulova D. A. 
Published: December 2020

Context. We present a remeasurement of old photographic plates, providing important raw data for dynamical studies of the Saturnian satellite system. The unprecedentedly accurate realization of the Gaia reference frame allows us to make a precise calibration of digitized astronegatives of the Saturnian satellite images.
Aims. We reprocessed 357 astronegatives taken with the 26-inch refractor and the normal astrograph of the Pulkovo Observatory between 1972 and 2007 to obtain the positions of the main Saturnian moons in the second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) system.
Methods. Photographic plates were digitized with the Pulkovo Mobile Digitizing Device scanner. The New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations digitizer at the Paris Observatory was used to calibrate the scanned images. Satellite image centering and astrometric reduction were performed.
Results. In total, 6487 positions (equatorial coordinates) have been determined with an accuracy of 50 mas. This is confirmed by a comparison of our data with modern ephemerides. The verification of the results was performed using data from past close approaches by Saturnian satellites to Gaia reference stars, showing the adequacy of the current residual analysis. A joint review of the Pulkovo and the United States Naval Observatory intersatellite positions allows us to conclude about the existence of faint systematic effects in the satellite theories of motions at the 10 mas level.
A New Approach for Training-load Quantification in Elite-level Soccer: Contextual Factors
Authors: Guerrero-Calderón Berni , Klemp Maximilian , Castillo-Rodriguez Alfonso , Morcillo José Alfonso , Memmert Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyse the physical responses of professional soccer players during training considering the contextual factors of match location, season period, and quality of the opposition; and to establish prediction models of physical responses during training sessions. Training data was obtained from 30 professional soccer players from Spanish La Liga using global positioning technology (N=1365 performances). A decreased workload was showed during training weeks prior to home matches, showing large effects in power events, equivalent distance, total distance, walk distance and low-speed running distance. Also, the quality of the opposition also affected the training workload (p<0.05). All regression-models showed moderate effects, with an adjusted R2 of 0.37 for metabolic-work, 0.34 for total distance covered, 0.25 for high-speed running distance (18–21 km·h−1), 0.29 for very high-speed running distance (21–24 km·h−1), 0.22 for sprint running distance (>24 km·h−1) and 0.34 for equivalent distance. The main finding of this study was the great association of match location, season period and quality of opposition on the workload performed by players in the training week before the match; and the development of workload prediction-models considering these contextual factors, thus proposing a new and innovative approach to quantify the workload in soccer.
Digoxin Combined with Aerobic Interval Training Improved Cardiomyocyte Contractility
Authors: Abreu Gabriel Vasconcelos , Claudio Erick Roberto Gonçalves , Aguiar Andreo Fernando , Giordani Morenna Alana , de Queiroz Eveline Aparecida Isquierdo Fonseca , Lima-Leopoldo Ana Paula , Leopoldo André Soares , Sugizaki Mário Mateus 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDigoxin is a cardiotonic that increases the cardiac output without causing deleterious effects on heart, as well as improves the left ventricular performance during physical exercise. We tested whether the association between chronic digoxin administration and aerobic interval training (AIT) promotes beneficial cardiovascular adaptations by improving the myocardial contractility and calcium (Ca2+) handling. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sedentary control (C), interval training (T), sedentary digoxin (DIGO) and T associated to digoxin (TDIGO). AIT was performed on a treadmill (1h/day, 5 days/week) for 60 days, consisting of successive 8-min periods at 80% and 20% of VO2máx for 2 min. Digoxin was administered by orogastric gavage for 60 days. Left ventricle samples were collected to analysis of Ca2+ handling proteins; contractility and Ca2+ handling were performed on isolated cardiomyocytes. TDIGO group had a greater elevation in fractional shortening (44%) than DIGO, suggesting a cardiomyocyte contractile improvement. In addition, T or TDIGO groups showed no change in cardiomyocytes properties after Fura2-acetoxymethyl ester, as well as in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), phospholamban and calcineurin expressions. The main findings indicate that association of digoxin and aerobic interval training improved the cardiomyocyte contractile function, but these effects seem to be unrelated to Ca2+ handling.
Reliability of MRI in Acute Full-thickness Proximal Hamstring Tendon Avulsion in Clinical Practice
Authors: Six Willem R. , Buckens Constantinus F. , Tol Johannes L. , Smithuis Frank F. , Maas Mario , Kerkhoffs Gino M. , van der Made Anne D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn clinically suspected acute full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsions, MRI is the gold standard for evaluating the extent of the injury. MRI variables such as full-thickness free tendon discontinuity, extent of tendon retraction (>20 mm), and continuity of the sacrotuberous ligament with the conjoint tendon (STL-CT) are used in treatment decision-making. The objective was to assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability of these relevant MRI variables after acute full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsion. Three musculoskeletal radiologists assessed MRIs of 40 patients with an acute full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsion. MRI variables included assessment of free tendon discontinuity and continuity of the STL-CT and extent of tendon retraction. Absolute and relative intra- and inter-rater reliability were calculated. Intra- and inter-rater reliability for the assessment of tendon discontinuity was substantial (Kappa [ĸ]=0.78;0.77). For the retraction measurement of the conjoint and semimembranosus tendons, intra-rater reliability was moderate and poor (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.74;0.45), inter-rater reliability was moderate (ICC=0.73;0.57). Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the STL-CT continuity assessment was substantial and fair (ĸ=0.74;0.31). In conclusion, MRI assessment for full-thickness free tendon discontinuity is reliable. However, assessment of extent of tendon retraction and STL-CT continuity is not reliable enough to guide the treatment decision-making process.