bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accommodative and binocular disorders in preteens with computer vision syndrome: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: De‐Hita‐Cantalejo Concepción , García‐Pérez Ángel , Sánchez‐González José‐María , Capote‐Puente Raúl , Sánchez‐González María Carmen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo assess computer vision syndrome (CVS) in a preteen population through an adult‐validated CVS questionnaire and to evaluate how digital devices affect accommodative and binocular vision, we enrolled 309 preteens in this cross‐sectional study. An adult‐validated CVS questionnaire adapted to preteens was used for all subjects. Visual acuity testing, unilateral and alternate cover tests, and tests for accommodative and vergence responses were performed for all preteens. The mean age was 10.75 ± 0.67 (10–12) years. Subjects were divided into two groups: the mild CVS group with a mean CVS score ≤2 and the severe CVS group with a mean CVS score >2. Between the mild and severe CVS groups, statistically significant differences were found in near point of convergence break and recovery (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively) and distance negative fusional vergence break and recovery (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). More children with severe CVS developed vergence disorders than those with mild CVS. Optometric clinical screening assessments could reduce ocular symptomatology and prevent long‐term effects. However, poor optometric findings might have occurred first, and the poor convergence skills resulted in the symptoms reported while using devices.
Spectral characterization and impact of stepwise ablation protocol including LAA electrical isolation on persistent AF
Authors: Ma Yuedong , Zaman Junaid A. B. , Shi Rui , Karim Nabeela , Panikker Sandeep , Chen Zhong , Chen Wen , Jones David Gareth , Hussain Wajid , Markides Vias , Wong Tom 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo study how left atrial appendage electrical isolation (LAAEI) impacts atrial dominant frequency (DF) in patients with long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation (LSPAF).BackgroundLAAEI is associated with a high probability of freedom from atrial fibrillation (AF) and spectral analysis may identify high‐frequency sources. How LAAEI impacts the AF dynamics and the subgroup of LSPAF patients in whom LAAEI would be most beneficial, is unclear.MethodsTwenty patients with LSPAF were included in the study. Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) were performed on atrial electrograms recorded from 13 sites in the LA and RA. The highest peak frequency was defined as DF.ResultsThere was no significant difference in DF between atrial sites except for at the superior vena cava which had the lowest DF at baseline. Stepwise ablation consisting of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation and a linear ablation set of mitral isthmus and roof significantly reduced the DF within the coronary sinus (CS) (5.93 ± 0.98 Hz vs. 5.09 ± 0.72 Hz, p < .05) and the LA posterior wall (LApos) (6.26 ± 0.92 Hz vs. 5.43 ± 0.98 Hz, p < .01). LAAEI preferentially further decreased the DF at the LApos (p < .01), but not at the CS. In cases where there was < 13.6% reduction in the DF of the LApos following the stepwise ablation, the addition of LAAEI was associated with an increased restoration of sinus rhythm (55%, p < .05).ConclusionLAAEI in addition to stepwise ablation results in further reduction of the DF in the LApos, which is associated with acute termination of AF and favorable ablation outcome.
Performance and outcome of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator after transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Chung Da‐Un , Tauber Johannes , Kaiser Lukas , Schlichting Andrea , Pecha Simon , Sinning Christoph , Rexha Enida , Reichenspurner Hermann , Willems Stephan , Gosau Nils , Hakmi Samer 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe subcutaneous cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) may be a valuable option in patients after successful transvenous lead extraction (TLE) without indication for pacemaker therapy and persistent risk of sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to evaluate device performance, postoperative outcome, and safety in patients who received a S‐ICD after TLE compared to patients who underwent de‐novo S‐ICD implantation.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients included into our institution's S‐ICD database between September 2010 and May 2019 was conducted.The patients were divided in two groups, depending on whether they had received their S‐ICD after TLE (n = 31) or de‐novo (n = 113).ResultsThe TLE group was significantly older with a mean age of 54.3 ± 15.7 versus 46.7 ± 14.4 years; p = .007. Leading S‐ICD indication in the TLE group was previous infection (50%), whereas in the de‐novo group the S‐ICD was primarily chosen due to young patient age (74.6%). Median duration of follow‐up was 527.0 versus 472.5 days, respectively; p = .576. Most common complication during follow‐up was inappropriate ICD therapy (12.9% vs. 13.3%); p = 1.000. Pocket erosion/infection occurred in 3.2% versus 3.5% with no reported cases of systemic (re‐)infection in either group; p = 1.000. All‐cause mortality was low (6.2% vs. 2.7%) and entirely unrelated to S‐ICD implantation or the device itself; p = .293.ConclusionThe S‐ICD is a safe and effective alternative for patients after TLE with very similar results regarding device performance and postoperative outcome, when compared to patients who underwent de‐novo S‐ICD implantation.
The transcriptional repressor OsPRR73 links circadian clock and photoperiod pathway to control heading date in rice
Authors: Liang Liwen , Zhang Zhanyi , Cheng Niannian , Liu Haiyang , Song Song , Hu Yong , Zhou Xiangchun , Zhang Jia , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is triggered by internal and external signals that participate in circadian clock in plants. We identified a rice floral inhibitor OsPRR73 encoding a CONSTANS protein. Overexpression of OsPRR73 resulted in late heading under both long‐day (LD) and short‐day (SD) conditions. Knockout mutants led to early heading under LD conditions but no change under SD. OsPRR73 mRNA accumulated at noon and exhibited a robust oscillation under constant light (LL) and constant darkness (DD) conditions. OsPRR73 overexpression exerted negative feedback on endogenous OsPRR73 expression and altered diurnal expressions of key flowering genes and circadian clock genes. OsPRR73 bound to the promoters of the floral gene Ehd1 and the circadian gene OsLHY, and significantly suppressed their expression at dawn. In LL and DD, the oscillatory patterns of the circadian genes OsLHY, OsTOC1, OsGI and OsELF3 were varied in OsPRR73OX and osprr73 mutants. OsPRR73 expression was decreased in osphyb mutants, and overexpression of OsPRR73 complemented the early heading date phenotype of osphyb, indicating OsPRR73 works downstream of OsPhyB. Therefore, OsPRR73 is involved in a feedback loop of the rice clock and connects the photoperiod flowering pathway by binding to the Ehd1 promoter in rice.
Epidermal barrier changes in patients with psoriasis: The role of phototherapy
Authors: Montero‐Vilchez Trinidad , Soler‐Góngora Miguel , Martínez‐López Antonio , Ana Fernández‐González , Buendía‐Eisman Agustín , Molina‐Leyva Alejandro , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundSome skin diseases may modify epidermal barrier function. Psoriasis is a chronic multi‐systemic inflammatory disease that affects the epidermal barrier. Phototherapy is an option for treating psoriasis, but little is known about how epidermal barrier function is modified by phototherapy in psoriatic patients.Objectives(a) To compare skin homeostasis between involved and uninvolved skin in psoriatic patients with healthy controls (b) To evaluate changes in the epidermal barrier function in psoriatic patients treated with phototherapy.MethodsSixty patients with plaque‐type psoriasis and sixty gender and age‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. Temperature, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH), pH, elasticity, erythema and melanin index were measured using non‐invasive tools in the healthy control and involved and uninvolved psoriatic skin before and after phototherapy.ResultsHealthy controls had lower TEWL and erythema index and higher SCH than psoriatic patients, both at uninvolved psoriatic skin and psoriasis plaques. TEWL was higher at psoriasis plaques than at uninvolved skin (19.20 vs 11.57 g/h/m2; P < .001). Following phototherapy, a decreasing trend was observed for TEWL, of 1.03 (SD 0.75) and 0.97 (SD 0.81) g/h/m2 for uninvolved and involved skin respectively. SCH was significantly lower at psoriatic plaques than at uninvolved skin (7.32 vs 36.62Arbitrary Units [AU]; P < .001). SCH increased by 1.15AU (SD 0.26) on psoriatic plaques after the phototherapy session (P < .001).ConclusionPsoriatic plaques showed epidermal barrier dysfunction compared to uninvolved skin and healthy controls. Phototherapy may improve epidermal barrier function in psoriatic patients. SCH increased after a phototherapy session on the psoriatic plaques.
Gene therapy in wound healing using nanotechnology
Authors: Pang Calver , Fan Ka Siu , Wei Lanxuan , Kolar Mallappa K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWound healing is a complex and highly regulated process that is susceptible to a variety of failures leading to delayed wound healing or chronic wounds. This is becoming an increasingly global burden on the healthcare system. Treatment of wounds has evolved considerably to overcome barriers to wound healing especially within the field of regenerative medicine that focuses on the replacement of tissues or organs. Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of wound healing has enabled current advances in technology to allow better optimization of microenvironment within wounds. This approach may help tackle wounds that are difficult to treat and help reduce the global burden of the disease. This article provides an overview of the physiology in wound healing and the application of gene therapy using nanotechnology in the management of wounds.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for nonhealing wounds: Treatment results of a single center
Authors: Teguh David N. , Bol Raap René , Koole Arne , Knippenberg Bob , Smit Casper , Oomen Jan , van Hulst Rob A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present article evaluates the results of the treatment with adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) of patients with nonhealing, chronic wounds. In the period 2013 to 2016, 248 patients were referred from various hospitals because of chronic wounds that were recalcitrant in healing despite standard wound care as described in national and international guidelines. After inclusion, all patients were treated with HBOT and subjected to a weekly standard wound care treatment. During each HBOT session, 100% O2was administered for 75 minutes under increased pressure of 2.4 ATA. Wounds and quality of life were assessed before and after the total treatment period. A total of 248 patients have been evaluated. Diabetic foot ulcers were present in 134 patients, the remainder (114 patients) showed a variety of wound locations and etiologies. The number of HBOT treatments amounted to an average of 48 (range 20‐68) sessions. Before referral to our clinic, 31% of all wounds had existed for at least 18 months (72 patients). After HBOT, 81% of all wounds were near complete healing or completely healed, in 13% of the cases the wound was stable, and in 2% minor or major amputation had to be carried out. The mean treatment time for wounds pre‐existing fewer than 6 weeks (“early referrals”) was 67 days, and 119 days for wounds pre‐existing more than 18 months (“late referrals”). A majority of the patients in our study referred with nonhealing wounds clinically improved when adjuvant HBOT was added to standard wound care protocols. No differences in success rate were seen between diabetic and nondiabetic wounds. It showed that HBOT is a well‐tolerated treatment.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: December 2020

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 1Agboola O. Paul, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MalaysiaAna Uka, Beder University, AlbaniaAnna Maria Mouza, International Hellenic University, GreeceAntónio Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesBashar Malkawi, University of Sharjah, College of Law, UAEBegoña Montero-Fleta, Universitat Politécnica de València, SpainElena Montanari, Politecnico Di Milano, ItalyEncarnación ABAD ARENAS, National University of Distance Education (UNED), SpainFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesHao Liu, Beijing Normal University, ChinaIoannis Makris, High School of Pedagogical and Technical Education, GreeceJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJesster Pasule Eduardo, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USALaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanMichael Brooks, North Carolina A&T State University, USAOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyPeriyasami Anbarasan, Indian Institute of technology Delhi, IndiaQingzhi Huan, Peking University, ChinaRima Meilita Sari, STKIP Al-Washliyah, IndonesiaXian-Liang Tian, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, ChinaYanzhe Zhang, Jilin University, China , China/AustraliaYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Structure and Expression of Large (+)RNA Genomes of Viruses of Higher Eukaryotes
Authors: Agranovsky Alexey A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Viral positive-sense RNA genomes evolve rapidly due to the high mutation rates during replication and RNA recombination, which allowing the viruses to acquire and modify genes for their adaptation. The size of RNA genome is limited by several factors, including low fidelity of RNA polymerases and packaging constraints. However, the 12-kb size limit is exceeded in the two groups of eukaryotic (+)RNA viruses – animal nidoviruses and plant closteroviruses. These virus groups have several traits in common. Their genomes contain 5′-proximal genes that are expressed via ribosomal frameshifting and encode one or two papain-like protease domains, membrane-binding domain(s), methyltransferase, RNA helicase, and RNA polymerase. In addition, some nidoviruses (i.e., coronaviruses) contain replication-associated domains, such as proofreading exonuclease, putative primase, nucleotidyltransferase, and endonuclease. In both nidoviruses and closteroviruses, the 3′-terminal part of the genome contains genes for structural and accessory proteins expressed via a nested set of coterminal subgenomic RNAs. Coronaviruses and closteroviruses have evolved to form flexuous helically symmetrical nucleocapsids as a mean to resolve packaging constraints. Since phylogenetic reconstructions of the RNA polymerase domains indicate only a marginal relationship between the nidoviruses and closteroviruses, their similar properties likely have evolved convergently, along with the increase in the genome size.
How health systems approached respiratory viral pandemics over time: a systematic review
Authors: Cascini Fidelia , Hoxhaj Ilda , Zaçe Drieda , Ferranti Margherita , Di Pietro Maria Luisa , Boccia Stefania , Ricciardi Walter 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSeveral healthcare systems facing respiratory viral infections outbreaks, like COVID-19, have not been prepared to manage them. Public health mitigation solutions ranging from isolation of infected or suspected cases to implementation of national lockdowns have proven their effectiveness for the outbreak’s control. However, the adjustment of public health measures is crucial during transition phases to avoid new outbreaks. To address the need for designing evidence-based strategies, we performed a systematic review to identify healthcare systems interventions, experiences and recommendations that have been used to manage different respiratory viral infections outbreaks in the past.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched to retrieve eligible studies of any study design, published in English until 17 April 2020. Double-blinded screening process was conducted by titles/abstracts and subsequently eligible full texts were read and pertinent data were extracted. When applicable, quality assessment was conducted for the included articles. We performed a narrative synthesis of each implemented public health approaches.ResultsWe included a total of 24 articles addressing the public health approaches implemented for respiratory viral infections outbreaksforCOVID-19, influenza A H1N1, MERS and severe acute respiratory syndrome . The identified approaches are ascribable to two main categories: healthcare system strategies and healthcare provider interventions. The key components of an effective response on respiratory viral outbreaks included the implementation of evidence-based contextual policies, intrahospital management actions, community healthcare facilities, non-pharmaceutical interventions, enhanced surveillance, workplace preventive measures, mental health interventions and communication plans.ConclusionThe identified healthcare system strategies applied worldwide to face epidemics or pandemics are a useful knowledge base to inform decision-makers about control measures to be used in the transition phases of COVID-19 and beyond.
Does the EU’s Paediatric Regulation work for new medicines for children in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lepola Pirkko , Wang Siri , Tötterman Ann Marie , Gullberg Ninna , Harboe Kirstine Moll , Kimland Elin 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the marketing status of the new paediatric medicinal products listed in the 10-year report as initially authorised between 2007 and 2016, reflecting the product availability in four Nordic countries.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.SettingAnalysis of the national medicine agency’s databases in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.Data sourceNew medicinal products with paediatric indications and new paediatric formulations listed in the Annex of European Medicines Agency’s EU Paediatric Regulation 10-year report.Data analysisThe products were classified according to national marketing status between January 2019 and March 2019, whether a product was authorised and whether the product was marketed.Main outcome measuresThe percentages of the new medicinal products with paediatric indications and new paediatric formulations having a valid marketing authorisation and being marketed, both in terms of the sums of all countries and separately for each country.ResultsAcross the four countries, 21%–32% (16/76–24/76) of the new medicinal products were not marketed. Of the new formulations relevant to children, 29%–50% (16/56–28/56) were not marketed, and a significant proportion of these products had never been marketed.ConclusionsThis study reflects the reality of the implementation of the Paediatric Regulation. The results show that several new paediatric medicines and new formulations are not marketed. This affects the product availability. Similar data from other countries are needed to evaluate the overall European status to find remedies to current situation and increase the availability of the medicines for children.
Beta-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid as an early diagnostic marker of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Halbgebauer Steffen , Oeckl Patrick , Steinacker Petra , Yilmazer-Hanke Deniz , Anderl-Straub Sarah , von Arnim Christine , Froelich Lutz , Gomes Luis Aragão , Hausner Lucrezia , Huss Andre , Jahn Holger , Weishaupt Jochen , Ludolph Albert C , Thal Dietmar R , Otto Markus 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveSynaptic loss plays a major role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However so far no neurochemical marker for synaptic loss has been introduced into clinical routine. By mass spectrometry beta-synuclein was established as a candidate marker. We now aimed to set up a novel ELISA for beta-synuclein for evaluation of its potential as a diagnostic and predictive marker for AD.MethodsWe analysed in total 393 patients from four specialised centres. The diagnostic groups comprised: AD (n=151), behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n=18), Parkinson syndrome (n=46), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD, n=23), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, n=29), disease control (n=66) and 60 non-neurodegenerative control patients. Results were compared with core AD biomarkers (total tau, phospho-tau and amyloid-β peptide 1–42). Additionally, coexistence of beta-synuclein with vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) was determined and beta-synuclein levels were quantified in brain homogenates.ResultsBeta-synuclein levels quantified with the newly established ELISA correlated strongly with antibody-free quantitative mass spectrometry data (r=0.92 (95% CI: 0.89 to 0.94), p<0.0001). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-synuclein levels were increased in AD-mild cognitive impairment (p<0.0001), AD dementia (p<0.0001) and CJD (p<0.0001), but not in bvFTD, Parkinson syndrome or ALS. Furthermore, beta-synuclein was localised in VGLUT1-positive glutamatergic synapses, and its expression was significantly reduced in brain tissue from patients with AD (p<0.01).ConclusionWe successfully established a sensitive and robust ELISA for the measurement of brain-enriched beta-synuclein, which we could show is localised in glutamatergic synapses. We confirmed previous, mass spectrometry-based observations of increased beta-synuclein levels in CSF of patients with AD and CJD supporting its potential use as a marker of synaptic degeneration.