bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Özel Hastanelerde Hekimlik Hizmet Alımı Uygulamasının Mali Açıdan Analizi
Authors: BOZDEMİR Enver 
Published: February 2020

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı özel
hastanelerin işgücü temini kapsamında hekimlerden hizmet almalarının maliyet
açısından avantajlı olup olmadıklarını ve buna karşın hizmeti sunan hekimlerin
ekonomik, hukuki ve vergi açısından avantajlı olup olmadıklarının analizini yapmaktır.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmada özel hastanelerin
hekimleri bağımlı çalıştırmaları veya bağımsız dışardan işgücü temini
kapsamında hizmet alımı şeklinde fayda sağlamları durumunda maliyet açısından Anestezi
ve Reanimasyon uzmanlık alanında faaliyet gösteren bir hekimin vaka analizi
yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Bir hekimin bir hastanede ücret
karşılığında çalışması durumunda aylık net kazanç 15.862,64 TL, 4/a kapsamında SGK
ödemesi yıllık 59.363,46 TL, vergi ödemesi yıllık 84.076,37 TL bulunmuştur. Fatura
düzenlenmesi durumunda diğer fırsat kazançları da dikkate alarak yapılan
hesaplamaya göre aylık net 15.087,73 TL kazanç, 4/b kapsamında SGK ödemesi
yıllık 7.294,44 TL ve vergi ödemesi yıllık 98.020,00 TL olarak tespit
edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Buna göre özel hastanelerin normal çalışma
süreleri dikkate alındığında hekimlik hizmet alım durumunda hem maliyet hem de
hukuki açıdan daha avantajlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın bir hekimin
fatura düzenleyerek hizmet sunmasının ücret karşılığı çalışması durumuna göre
daha az kazanç sağladığı tespiti yapılmıştır.
Are the conventional risk factors still valid for acute myeloid leukemia patients?
Authors: Yıldız Abdulkerim , Maral Senem , Albayrak Murat , Pala Çiğdem , Cömert Pınar , Afacan Öztürk Hacer Berna , Şahin Osman 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The
aim of this study was to investigate the survival data of patients with acute
myeloid leukemia (AML) and to determine the risk factors that can be easily evaluated.

Method: A
retrospective analysis was made of the AML patients admitted to our center between
2009-2018. Demographic data and disease data were analyzed and response rates,
overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were
calculated. Factors affecting survival were determined using Cox-regression
analysis.

Results: A
total of 119 patients were included in the study during the 9-year study
period. Of these, 21 patients had secondary AML and 11 had acute promyelocytic
leukemia (APL). The mean follow-up period was 12.43 ± 15.63 months. OS of all
patients was 9.20 months and PFS was 7.23 months. Age and leukocyte count at
the time of diagnosis were found to have a significant impact on both OS and
PFS (p &lt;0.05).

Conclusion:
In addition to genetic and molecular features, which are expensive and not
easily available, the age and leukocyte count of AML patients remain important as
prognostic factors.
Wyjaśnianie naukowe i rozumienie a epistemologiczne problemy badań nad turystyką (rozważania na kanwie teorii Kurta Lewina i Johna Tribe’a)
Authors: Alejziak Wiesław 
Published: February 2020

W artykule scharakteryzowano istotę oraz różne modele wyjaśniania naukowego i eksplanacyjne walory rozumienia, wskazując na ich użyteczność oraz ograniczenia w poznawaniu praw i mechanizmów rządzących turystyką. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na epistemologiczny wymiar dorobku wyłaniającego się z dotychczasowych badań i studiów nad turystyką, starając się ukazać nowe kierunki badań w tym zakresie. W pracy odwołano się do dwóch modeli rozważań o epistemologicznych aspektach badań nad turystyką, w których centralne miejsce zajmuje kategoria prawdy o turystyce, a które przedstawione zostały w dwóch artykułach J. Tribe’a.
Identyfikacja i ocena czynników uczestnictwa kibiców sportowych w międzynarodowych widowiskach sportowych na przykładzie badań kibiców siatkówki
Authors: Ryśnik Jakub 
Published: February 2020

W artykule przedstawione zostały niepublikowane wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród kibiców Mistrzostw Świata w Piłce Siatkowej Mężczyzn w 2014 r. (1618 respondentów bezpośredniego badania kwestionariuszowego). Celem przeprowadzonych studiów było poznanie znaczenia oraz struktury wybranych motywów i barier uczestnictwa w międzynarodowych widowiskach sportowych. Efektem analizy jest uzyskanie informacji o znaczeniu poszczególnych czynników/barier dla respondentów, hierarchii ważności czynników oraz modelu czynnikowego wynikającego ze struktury powiązań korelacyjnych pomiędzy zmiennymi wyjaśniającymi uczestnictwo kibiców w międzynarodowych wydarzeniach sportowych.
El oso
Authors: Avaro Nora 
Published: February 2020

En 2018 el poeta, traductor y editor argentino Miguel Ángel Petrecca publicó una breve biografía del poeta entrerriano Carlos Mastronardi. El relato, fragmentario y aleatorio, intervino los procedimientos y motivos más tradicionales del género: la configuración del archivo, la busca de testimonios y la consecución de un estilo narrativo independizado de la totalización cronológica. Con el propósito de proponer una lectura de Mastronardi, la autora de este artículo expondrá las características experimentales del texto, fundamentalmente en la construcción de las figuras del biografiado, el testigo y el biógrafo; este último, al decir irónico de Juan José Saer: “el hombre que vio al hombre que vio al oso”.
Verification and Validation of Sensors and Systems Using Systems Engineering Methods
Authors: de Wardt John , Wood Paul 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The demand for ensuring the reliability and accuracy of drilling sensor data is rapidly increasing with the rise of data analytics and automation. Proven systems engineering methodologies used in the aerospace industry offer the drilling industry a solution for assuring the reliability of sensor data and software processing of this data. This paper describes an approach for verification and validation (V&V) of sensors and systems leveraging experiences from the aerospace industry. Both oil and gas (O&G) and aerospace have high-value assets where failures can lead to significant loss of life and huge financial impacts. Commercial aviation, in particular, has achieved a remarkable improvement in safety over many decades through design standards requiring functions be precisely defined and their implementation be verified against those requirements.
Avaition industry standards, such as DO-178C for Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, acknowledge that not all aircraft systems require the same attention. The standards define a range of classification from the most critical, such as autopilots, to the least critical, such as entertainment systems. This paper describes how mapping levels and requirements from DO-178C to oil and gas can assist in the improvement of data quality to the higher standards now required in drilling operations. A range of criticality provides the ability to seek a balance of costs vs. benefits for application to drilling systems to achieve the needed data quality.
An Experimental Study on the Influence of the Chemical Composition of Electrolytes on the SP Curve
Authors: Gondouin M. , Tixier M.P. , Simard G.L. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 58–72.

Abstract
In the quantitative interpretation of the S.P. logs, the electrochemical component is generally taken equal to -K log Rmf/Rw, where K has the theoretical value corresponding to solutions of pure sodium chloride. This method may be misleading when relatively large quantities of salts other than NaCl are present in formation waters, - as is generally the case for low salinities, - or in gyp-base muds. In such cases recourse is made in the field to changing the K value or to adding a correction term to the equation on the basis of local experience. An investigation has been made in the laboratory of the influence of HCO3, SO4, Ca++ and Mg++ on the amplitude of the S.P. deflection, which included in particular determinations of the activity coefficients of Ca++ and Mg++. The theory, the experimental techniques and a tentative method for applying the results are described. So far, applications to actual field cases where chemical analyses of waters were available have provided an excellent confirmation of the proposed method. The case of the S.P. in very salty brines is also considered and it is shown that the use of activity data for sodium gives satisfactory results.

Historical
In early times of electrical logging, the SP curve was used exclusively as a tool for the location of permeable beds and the definition of their boundaries. Later, with the introduction of methods of quantitative analysis, attention was called to the possibility of deriving from the SP log some information on the formation water resistivity, which constitutes one essential element for the computation of water saturation from log data. The first laboratory experiments in 1932 had shown that, as a result of electrochemical phenomena arising at the contact of the mud and the formation, the amplitude of the deflection of the SP curve was, at least partly, a function of the salt concentration of interstitial water and accordingly of its resistivity. It was indicated that the amplitude of the electrochemical component of the SP should be equal to -K log R1/R2, R1 and R2 being the resistivities of the mud and of the formation water respectively.
A Compositional Material Balance Method for Prediction of Recovery from Volatile Oil Depletion Drive Reservoirs
Authors: Reudelhuber F.O. , Hinds Richard F. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 19–26.

Abstract
Application of the conventional depletion drive calculation methods to volatile oil reservoirs results in erroneous estimates of ultimate recovery. In view of the increasing number and importance of volatile oil reservoirs, a special technique has been developed which will result in more realistic predictions using laboratory data obtained from reservoir fluid studies of a specific type. The experimental data are designed to permit continuous material accounting and, therefrom, provide the hydrocarbon composition of both the flowing oil and gas phases. The resultant well-stream composition data are then used directly in surface recovery calculations utilizing equilibrium ratios. A step by step procedure, specifically designed for routine use by the practicing reservoir engineer, is presented in an appendix. An actual study performed on a deep Mid-Continent reservoir is used as an illustrative example.
It has been a practice for many years to utilize the conventional material balance methods in conjunction with relative permeability concepts for the prediction of recovery from solution gas drive reservoirs. Those who have performed such calculations recognize that compromises of several types are necessary in order to reduce the calculations to a reasonable degree of complexity. The most serious assumption involved results from the necessity of treating the produced oil and gas as separate fluids, independent of each other in their behavior. It is further assumed that the gas which is evolved in the reservoir as a result of pressure decline will not yield liquid upon the reduction of pressure and temperature resulting from production through surface equipment. Although these shortcomings have been recognized, it has been difficult to attempt refinement of calculation procedures since the laboratory data available normally were not of the proper type or extent to permit such calculations. Three general procedures have been available for depletion drive calculations when laboratory fluid data are of the conventional type.
A Laboratory Investigation of the Effect of Rate on Recovery of Oil by Water Flooding
Authors: Richardson J.G. , Perkins F.M. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 114–121.

Abstract
Results and procedures are presented covering a laboratory investigation of the effect of rate of water advance on the displacement of oil from clean water-wet sands. The experiments included water floods at atmospheric pressure with and without gas present over a range of flow rates from reservoir rates to rates ten thousand-fold higher. Water floods were also conducted at various rates at elevated pressure with no gas present. Other tests were made at elevated pressures by forming a free gas saturation by evolution of gas from solution in the oil before water flooding. Recovery of oil was found to be independent of the rate of water advance with or without gas present and independent of the pressure level of the water flood.
A dimensionally-scaled model of a reservoir composed of a thick uniform sand was used to study the effect of rate on the tendency of water to underrun the oil because of the greater density of the water. Another model was used to study the effect of rate on the tendency of water to channel down the more permeable sand in a stratified reservoir composed of sands of different permeability in intimate contact. The effect of the presence of gas on the flooding conformance was studied with both models. The results obtained using these simple models provide a basis for predicting behavior in more complicated systems.

Introduction
In spite of the great amount of research on the flow of fluids in porous rocks, there still exists some disagreement as to the influence of the rate of water advance on the displacement of oil by water flooding. Various investigators have found that increasing the rate of water injection would decrease, increase, or have no effect on recovery of oil. One reason for this disagreement has been a lack of understanding of the effects of the capillary forces which influence the results obtained in the laboratory at low rates with short columns. Other causes of the disagreement have undoubtedly been inconstancy and uncertainty of the wetting properties of the porous media studied, inaccurate saturation determinations, and in some instances conclusions based on insufficient data.
The Predicted Performance of a Gas-Condensate System Washington Field, Louisiana
Authors: Berryman James E. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 102–107.

Abstract
A method is presented for calculating the pressure depletion performance of a gas-condensate reservoir from the original reservoir fluid composition using the laboratory determined pressure-production history and retrograde liquid accumulation as guides. Equilibrium vaporization ratios for this calculation were modified from published data until the calculated dew point pressure and retrograde liquid accumulation agreed with the values observed in the laboratory.
The calculated results are compared with the produced gas composition determined by low temperature analysis during constant volume laboratory experiments of pressure depletion behavior. This comparison shows that the calculation procedure is adequate for determination of gas phase composition.
Data from field separation tests in low temperature separators are presented which verify the applicability of published equilibrium vaporization ratios for a wide range of separator conditions.

Introduction
A reliable prediction of the pressure depletion performance of a gas-condensate reservoir is necessary in determining reserves and evaluating field separation methods. The predicted performance is also used in planning future operations and studying the economics of projects for increasing liquid recovery. Because the flow of fluid in a volumetric gas-condensate reservoir is usually single phase flow, the pressure-depletion performance is primarily a function of the phase behavior of the reservoir fluid.
The properties of a gas-condensate system of major importance are:compressibility factor at reservoir temperature and pressure;dew point pressure;composition changes of the vapor phase with pressure depletion;recovery of original in-place hydrocarbons at any pressure; andretrograde condensate accumulation.
These properties are most generally determined by a pressure depletion-type experiment on recombined separator gas and liquid samples in the laboratory. Ideally the pressure-depletion performance can be calculated from the composition of the original reservoir fluid if the reservoir temperature and initial pressure are known.
Reservoir Volumetric Parameters Defined by Capillary Pressure Studies
Authors: Rockwood S.H. , Lair G.H. , Langford B.J. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 252–259.

Abstract
Volumetric reservoir analysis is dependent upon a firm relationship between porosity, connate water, and net pay. Capillary pressure data on core samples interrelate these three factors. It is shown that other reservoir problems may be resolved:whether water production is indigenous or extraneous to the oil producing interval,an oil-water contact is being approached, andwhether the oil-water contact is remotely situated.

Introduction
Volumetric analysis of carbonate reservoirs challenges the ingenuity of the reservoir engineer due to an absence of data on the minimum oil-bearing and oil-producing pores of a given reservoir rock. Many studies with this as the ultimate objective are available on the physical characteristics and fluid-flow behaviors of the carbonate reservoir. Some of these publications are: Hassler, Brunner and Deahl's study of the role of capillarity in oil production; Jan Law's and A. C. Bulnes statistical treatment of core analysis data; Chalkley's method for estimating specific surface areas and porosity; Walter Rose's report on porosity, reserves, and recovery; Archie's textural classification of carbonate rocks; Stewart and Spurlock's large core analysis; Purcell's mercury injection method in studying capillary pressure phenomena; Stewart, Craig, and Morse's model multiple-phase flow test in investigating the relative permeability effect; and Fatt's illuminating network model of porous media.
The present study shows that the static reservoir parameters of porosity, connate water, and net productive thickness may be interrelated by utilizing a statistical arrangement of mercury capillary pressure data in addition to routine core analysis. This report summarizes the techniques that are followed to obtain these relations which are applicable to carbonate and sandstone reservoirs that do not contain clays. Capillary pressure statistical studies may be extended to include clay-bearing rocks by utilizing water capillary pressure data.
A Laboratory Study of Solvent Flooding
Authors: Hall H.N. , Geffen T.M. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, Volume 210, 1957, pages 48–57.

Abstract
One-third to one-half of the original oil is left in most reservoirs even after thorough gas drying oar waterflooding. In contrast, essentially all of the oil contacted can be recovered by flooding with a solvent (a fluid miscible with the reservoir oil). It is not economical to fill a reservoir with solvent since the value of the solvent would very likely exceed that of the oil. A practical method would be to inject a small bank of solvent to displace the oil. This solvent bank in turn could be driven through the rock by a less valuable scavenging fluid, such as natural gas which is also miscible with the solvent. Such a method of oil recovery was studied in the laboratory using long (up to 95 feet) core systems.
It was found that, as the solvent moves through the reservoir, the front end of the solvent bank becomes mixed with the oil and forms a relatively short mixing zone between undiluted crude oil and pure solvent. An engineering correlation was obtained which can be used to predict the length of this zone.
Displacement of the solvent by natural gas can be achieved with complete miscibility (above the critical pressure of the gas-solvent system at reservoir temperature) or with partial miscibility at lower pressures. Under conditions of complete miscibility, it was found that length of the gas-solvent mixing zone could be predicted from the correlation developed for the solvent-oil mixing zone. With partial miscibility, two phases exist and the solvent is displaced by a modified gas drive in which vaporization and condensation occur. Equations are developed to predict the performance of this type of displacement.
A Field Test of the Gas-Driven Liquid Propane Method of Oil Recovery
Authors: Jenks Loren H. , Campbell John B. , Binder George G. 
Published: February 2020

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Volume 210, 1957, pages 34–39.

Abstract
Conventional methods of producing crude oil generally leave in the depleted reservoir 1 to 3 bbl of oil for every barrel brought to the surface. This paper describes a field test which explores the possibility of using gas-driven liquid propane to improve oil recovery efficiency.
Laboratory theoretical and experimental studies leading to the field test indicated that low residual oil values could be obtained using limited amounts of propane driven by gas. The field test involvedrepressuring the reservoir to the vapor pressure of liquid propane,injecting the liquid propane, andinjecting dry natural gas to drive the propane and oil to the producing wells.
Considerable preliminary work, including new drilling, work-overs, and a pressure survey was necessary.
During the test, oil production rates have averaged about nine times the final primary rates. The field average GOR is still below the pre-test value. Oil recovery to date is 112,000 STB. About one-third of the 143,000 bbl of propane injected has been produced to date. Results of the C-2 block test are encouraging and larger, more definitive field projects are indicated.

Introduction
The cost of finding new crude oil reservoirs continues to increase. Today the oil industry is drilling more and deeper wells and making fewer big discoveries. Nevertheless, the demand for oil and oil products increases each year. It is natural that oil companies, faced with this situation, concentrate on recovering more of the oil existing in our known crude oil reservoirs. There is room for much improvement. For every barrel of oil brought to the surface by present day methods of producing crude oil, generally 1 to 3 bbl are left behind in the depleted reservoirs.