bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of opioid use in older people diagnosed with cancer in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Tervonen Hanna E , Schaffer Andrea L , Luckett Tim , Phillips Jane , Litchfield Melisa , Todd Adam , Pearson Sallie‐Anne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeOpioids provide effective analgesia for most cancer patients, but little is known about individual‐level opioid use after cancer diagnosis. We examined the patterns of and factors associated with opioid use in older people diagnosed with cancer.MethodsWe used the Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA) client data linked with the New South Wales (NSW) Cancer Registry and the Repatriation Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data. We included people aged ≥65 years diagnosed with cancer in NSW, Australia in 2005 to 2015. We examined patterns of opioid use in the 12 months after cancer diagnosis and used cause‐specific hazards models to examine factors associated with opioid use.ResultsOf 13 527 people diagnosed with cancer, 51% were dispensed opioids after their diagnosis. We observed the highest proportions of use in people diagnosed with pancreas, liver, or lung cancers. Opioid use was associated with female sex, younger age, more advanced degree of cancer spread, opioid use before cancer diagnosis, and multimorbidity. Forty‐four percentages of all people dispensed opioids had a history of opioid use in the 12 months before their cancer diagnosis; these people had higher median number of different opioids and opioid dispensings, and a shorter time to first opioid dispensing than opioid‐naive people.ConclusionOur study suggests that many older cancer patients were dispensed opioids before their cancer diagnosis. Previously opioid‐treated people had more intense opioid use patterns after diagnosis than opioid‐naïve people. Acknowledging the history of opioid use is important as it may complicate pain treatment in clinical practice.
Effects of a long‐term exercise program on motor performance in children and adolescents with CF
Authors: Gruber Wolfgang , Stehling Florian , Olivier Margarete , Dillenhoefer Stefanie , Koerner‐Rettberg Cordula , Sutharsan Sivagurunathan , Taube Christian , Mellies Uwe , Welsner Matthias 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine motor performance and trainability in youths with cystic fibrosis (CF).MethodsTwenty‐two children and adolescents (11 f/11 m), age range 6–17 years (11.3 ± 3.3 years), mean FEV1 91.0 ± 21.7% pred.finished the partially monitored 12‐months exercise program. Patients performed the Deutsche Motorik Test (DMT) to assess flexibility, balance, strength, power and totalmotor performance. An incremental ergometer cycle test was used to assess maximal exercise capacity (Wpeak). All tests were performed before (T1), after 6 months of monitored exercise training (T3) and another 6 months without monitoring (T4).ResultsMotor Competence in total and test‐items of the DMT (except foreward bend) improved to T3 (p < .05). No further improvement could be observed after the end of the monitoring (T3). However, the values remained stable at the improved level (T4). Girls scored lower in test items depending on strength/power but scored higher in balancing compared to boys (p > .05). Wpeak and FEV1 were not influenced by the training program. From T3 to T4 a slight decrease was observed (p ≤ .05).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate benefits of an individualizedmonitored long‐term exercise intervention on motor performance in CF with improvements of test‐tasks to predicted normal. Monitoringseems to be a facilitator in maintaining motivation toward physical activity as no further increase in motor performance was observed after stopping supervision. The results suggest that an individually tailored monitoredregular exercise program should include all aspects of physical fitness with a variety of movement experiences.
Estimating optimal localization for sampled background‐error covariances of hydrometeor variables
Authors: Destouches Mayeul , Montmerle Thibaut , Michel Yann , Ménétrier Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKilometre‐scale numerical weather prediction addresses the challenge of forecasting accurately clouds and precipitation. Ensemble‐based data assimilation methods make use of background‐error covariances that are sampled from an ensemble of forecasts. These methods can be considered in order to include hydrometeor variables and their flow‐dependent error covariances in the data assimilation system. Yet, because of limited ensemble size, rank deficiency of the resulting covariances and sampling noise occur, which can be mitigated by a localization procedure. In order to optimally localize covariances for hydrometeor variables, previous work by the authors has been extended. This approach estimates localization as a linear filtering on covariances, optimal in the sense of minimizing sampling noise. The zero‐variance and the high spatial variability issues met with hydrometeor variables are addressed by using an improved method for spatial sampling, based on geographical masks. Diagnosed optimal horizontal localization lengths appear to be much shorter for hydrometeors than for other classical thermodynamic variables. Conversely, we report optimal vertical localization to be very broad for precipitating species. Great variability between different meteorological situations has also been noticed, which reflects the high flow dependency of hydrometeor forecast errors. This suggests that ensemble‐based data assimilation schemes that consider hydrometeors as control variables should adopt more refined localization schemes than the common “one‐size‐fits‐all” approach.
Coherently Manipulated 2D Ion Crystal in a Monolithic Paul Trap
Authors: Wang Ye , Qiao Mu , Cai Zhengyang , Zhang Kuan , Jin Naijun , Wang Pengfei , Chen Wentao , Luan Chunyang , Du Botao , Wang Haiyan , Song Yipu , Yum Dahyun , Kim Kihwan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing a 2D ion crystal for quantum simulation and computation has been pursued for a long time. The coherent manipulation of a stationary 2D crystal in the Paul trap may be hampered by the micromotion synchronous with the oscillating electric field. Here, a simple Paul trap that stably confines over 20 ions in a stationary 2D crystal is presented. The disturbance of the micromotion in coherent operations is mitigated by making the direction of micromotion perpendicular to the transverse direction of the 2D crystal. To achieve the condition of perpendicularity, the structure of the trap electrodes is comprehensively designed, which also provides the controllability of rotating principal axes. The transverse vibrational modes by Raman laser‐beams are addressed and coherent evolution of sideband transitions on these modes observed. Moreover, this trap allows for optical access with a 0.86 numerical aperture which facilitates applying individually addressing laser‐beams. This work can be an example of realizing a 2D‐trapped‐ion based quantum simulator and computer in a Paul trap.
Pentafluorobenzylation and detection of sodium monofluoroacetate (compound 1080) in veterinary samples using gas chromatography/tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring
Authors: Buchweitz John P. , Johnson Margaret , Lehner Andreas F. 
Published: October 2020

RationaleThe analytical detection of chemical residues from sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) ingestion in targeted predatory wildlife and in pesticide misuse incidents perpetrated against nuisance companion animals remains a concern in veterinary forensic toxicology. There is a current need for chemically stable sample extracts with reliable and specific diagnostic methods for trace quantities in diverse diagnostic matrices.MethodsBiphasic pentafluorobenzylation provided a simple combined extraction and derivatization procedure for removing MFA in a chemically stable form from a complex matrix such as stomach contents. Analysis of the derivatized extract using gas chromatography/tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) approaches specific to MFA provided greater specificity than simple scan or selected ion monitoring approaches.ResultsCollision‐induced dissociation in GC/MS/MS showed that pentafluorobenzyl (PFB)‐derivatized MFA (M+ m/z 258) generated m/z 258➔130, 149, 161, 177, 178, 180.1, and 181.1 transitions. Of these, the transition m/z 258➔181 provided a peak for quantitation, whereas m/z 258➔161 and 258➔178 provided specificity for qualifying MFA. Similarly, PFB‐derivatized 2‐chloropropionic acid (M+ m/z 288) was used as an internal standard, which generated m/z 288➔181 and 161. Of these, the transition m/z 288➔181 provided a peak for quantitation, whereas m/z 288➔161 and 181➔161 served to qualify the internal standard.ConclusionsThe method was validated with a calculated limit of detection of 0.35 ppm and limit of quantitation of 1.09 ppm MFA. The method should have adequate sensitivity and reliability for veterinary toxicology labs analyzing specimens from animals poisoned by this predacide.
Electrospray ionization and heterogeneous matrix effects in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based meta‐metabolomics: A biomarker or a suppressed ion?
Authors: Ghosson Hikmat , Guitton Yann , Ben Jrad Amani , Patil Chandrashekhar , Raviglione Delphine , Salvia Marie‐Virginie , Bertrand Cédric 
Published: October 2020

RationaleCorrect biomarker determination in metabolomics is crucial for unbiased conclusions and reliable applications. However, this determination is subject to several drifts, e.g. matrix effects and ion suppression in Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS)‐based approaches. This phenomenon provokes critical issues for biomarker determination, particularly during comparative studies dealing with samples exhibiting heterogeneous complexities.MethodsOccurrence of the issue was coincidentally noticed when studying the environmental impact of a complex bioinsecticide: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. The studied samples comprised insecticide‐spiked sediments and untreated control sediments. QuEChERS extractions followed by LC/ESI‐Q/ToF analyses were performed on sediments after 15 days of incubation. Meta‐metabolomes containing pesticide xenometabolites and sediment endometabolites were analyzed in depth using XCMS‐based computational data preprocessing. Multivariate statistical analyses (PCA, OPLS‐DA) and raw data crosschecks were performed to search for environmental biomarkers.ResultsMultivariate analyses and raw data crosschecks led to the selection of nine metabolites as biomarker candidates. However, when exploring the mass spectra, co‐elutions were noticed between seven of these metabolites and multi‐charged macromolecules originating from the pesticide. Provoked false positives were thus suspected due to a potential ion suppression exclusively occurring in the spiked samples. A dilution‐based approach was then applied. It confirmed five metabolites as suppressed ions.ConclusionsIon suppression should be considered as a critical issue for biomarker determination when comparing heterogeneous metabolic profiles. Raw chromatograms and mass spectra crosschecks are mandatory to reveal potential ion suppressions in such cases. Dilution is a suitable approach to filter reliable biomarker candidates before their identification and absolute quantification.
Decentralized active sensor fault tolerance in attitude control of satellite formation flying
Authors: Saeed Nasrolahi Seiied , Abdollahi Farzaneh , Rezaee Hamed 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis article presents a decentralized framework of active fault tolerant control for attitude synchronization in satellite formation flying. By employing a nonlinear observer and a static approximator, the fault in both the angular velocity and orientation sensors can be diagnosed whether the sensor belongs to the satellite or its neighbors. The convergence of the observer is guaranteed by utilizing Lyapunov's direct method and Barbalat's lemma. The proposed approach is based on unknown input and requires only the angular velocity and orientation of the states in a decentralized architecture. Moreover, by designing a sensor fault tolerant controller, the tracking synchronization among the satellites' attitudes with individual set‐points is guaranteed and the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the synchronization/tracking errors is provided. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the developed algorithm.
Floodplain forest dynamics: Half‐century floods enable pulses of geomorphic disturbance and cottonwood colonization along a prairie river
Authors: Philipsen Laurens J. , Romuld Margaret A. , Rood Stewart B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn dry ecoregions, trees are restricted to river valley floodplains where river water supplements the limited local precipitation. Around the Northern Hemisphere, cottonwoods, riparian poplars, are often predominant trees in floodplain forests and these ecological specialists require floods that create and saturate sand and gravel bars, enabling seedling recruitment. By pairing the interpretation of aerial photographs at approximately decade intervals with dendrochronology, we explored the coordination between river floods, geomorphic disturbance and colonization of plains cottonwoods (Populus deltoides) over eight meanders along the Red Deer River in the semi‐arid prairie of western Canada. This river has a relatively natural flow regime and minimal human alteration through the World Heritage Site of Dinosaur Provincial Park. We found that the 50‐year flood of 1954 increased channel migration and produced extensive accretion with downstream expansion of meander lobes and some channel infilling, which was followed by prolific cottonwood colonization. Those processes accompanied the major flood, while bank erosion and cottonwood losses were more gradual and continuous over the past half‐century. Results indicated even greater floodplain and woodland development after an earlier 100‐year flood in 1915. Each flood produced an arcuate band of mature cottonwoods and there were five to seven progressively older woodland bands across the floodplain, with each cottonwood age grouping increasing by about a half‐century. The 700 m wide floodplain was progressively reworked by the river through pulses of channel movement and floodplain and woodland development over approximately 250 years and correspondingly, the oldest cottonwoods were about 250 years old.
Worldwide survey on key indicators for public cord blood banking technologies: By the World Marrow Donor Association Cord Blood Working Group
Authors: Jöris Monique , Paulson Katie , Foley Lesa , Duffy Merry , Querol Sergio , Gomez Susana , Baudoux Etienne 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Cord Blood Working Group of the World Marrow Donor Association created a survey for cord blood banks (CBBs) aimed to identify and understand the main technical procedures currently used by public CBBs worldwide regarding cord blood units (CBUs) available for unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These technical procedures include CBU collection, (pre-) processing, packaging, testing, storage, and transport. The survey was an online survey created with SurveyGizmo and was completed individually by each CBB at the end of 2017. The information is valuable to transplant centers, CBBs as well as the global industry of public cord blood banking. In general, we can conclude from this survey that the majority of CBBs are up to standard in terms of CBB technologies. Areas of improvement include accreditation, increase standardization in testing, and setting of total nucleated cells thresholds for acceptance of CBU for public use. Furthermore, there is a need for a consensus in the way CBBs operate in term of reservation and release to facilitate a more straightforward access to the therapy.
Towards sustainable development: How does technological innovation drive the increase in green total factor productivity?
Authors: Wang Meiling , Pang Silu , Hmani Ikram , Hmani Ilham , Li Cunfang , He Zhengxia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aims to assess the impact of technological innovation on green total factor productivity (GTFP), within Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, by using a panel data over the period 1996–2017. The results show that technological innovation has a significant positive influence on GTFP. The interaction between technological innovation and the economic development level has a significant negative impact on GTFP. However, the interaction between technological innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) has no significant influence on GTFP. In addition, technological innovation has a positive effect on GTFP when the economic development level is lower than the threshold value. However, technological innovation has an otherwise insignificant promotional effect. Technological innovation has a positive effect on GTFP when FDI is below the threshold value, and it has a slightly significant positive impact when FDI exceeds the threshold value. Therefore, various measures should be taken to guide technological innovation and improve its quality to promote GTFP and realize sustainable development.
On the use of generalized entropy formulas in detection of denial‐of‐service attacks
Authors: Basicevic Ilija , Blazic Nikola , Ocovaj Stanislav 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn an earlier journal paper, we have presented the results of a comparison of the performance of five entropy‐based denial‐of‐service detectors (Shannon, Rényi, Tsallis, Bhatia‐Singh, and Ubriaco). The dataset used in that evaluation was generated using simulation. The best performance in terms of detection rate showed Rényi and Bhatia‐Singh detectors. In terms of the detection delay, the best detector was Ubriaco. In this paper, we decided to repeat the evaluation, but this time using a dataset generated using emulation. In this evaluation, the Tsallis entropy‐based detector showed the best performance, followed by the Bhatia‐Singh detector. It can be concluded that both evaluations show the advantage of the detectors based on generalized entropies, compared to the Shannon‐based one, and that Bhatia‐Singh detector in both evaluations performed very well. Another conclusion is that in terms of the detection rate, the flow size distribution outperforms the source port distribution, but in terms of the detection delay, the situation is the opposite.
Item response theory and its applications in educational measurement Part I: Item response theory and its implementation in R
Authors: Hori Kazuki , Fukuhara Hirotaka , Yamada Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractItem response theory (IRT) is a class of latent variable models, which are used to develop educational and psychological tests (e.g., standardized tests, personality tests, tests for licensure, and certification). We review the theory and practices of IRT across two articles. In Part 1, we provide a broad range of topics such as foundations of educational measurement, basics of IRT, and applications of IRT using R. We focus particularly on the topics that the mirt package covers. These include unidimensional and multidimensional IRT models for dichotomous and polytomous items with continuous and discrete factors, confirmatory analysis and multigroup analysis in IRT, and estimation algorithms. In Part 2, on the other hand, we focus on more practical aspects of IRT, namely scoring, scaling, and equating.This article is categorized under:
Applications of Computational Statistics > Psychometrics
Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
Media Representation and Transmediation: Indexicality in Journalism Comics and Biography Comics
Authors: Domingos Ana Cláudia Munari , Cardoso José Arlei Rodrigues 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article analyzes the ways in which journalism comics and biography comics create indexicality through intermedial relations. These strategies include media representations of different qualified media types (journalistic report, biography, and autobiography) and of specific media products (such as familiar images of people and places). The article starts with a short history of comics. It then offers a theoretical discussion of intermediality, media representation, and transmediation, with specific focus on the tactics that journalism and biography comics use to represent reality indexically through media representation and transmediation. Furthermore, the authors analyze intermedial relations in the comic albums The Photographer: Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors Without Borders by Emmanuel Guibert, Didier Lefèvre, and Frederic Lemercier; Il mondo di Aisha—Storie di donne dello Yemen by Ugo Bertotti; Maus by Art Spiegelman; To the Heart of the Storm by Will Eisner; Dotter of Her Father’s Eyes by Mary M. Talbot and Bryan Talbot; and Footnotes in Gaza by Joe Sacco.
Metalepsis in Different Media
Authors: Lutas Liviu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe generally acknowledged definition of metalepsis excludes the existence of metalepsis in other media than literature. Therefore, one of the aims of the chapter is to analyse the transmediality of metalepsis; that is, its potential to be employed in various media. Based on a number of different specific media products (from the media types of literature and film), the author analyses closely how metalepsis can depend on the modalities of different media. He argues that one can create metalepsis in other ways than only using a narrator’s voice. This is because one can expand the notion of narrative levels, which seems indispensable in the case of metalepsis, to representational levels. Defining metalepsis based on representation rather than narrative voice allows for the study of metalepsis in other media types, of which film is one example.
Summary and Elaborations
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis is the closing chapter in the two-volume Beyond Media Borders: Intermedial Relations among Multimodal Media. It begins with a brief summary of the achievements of the previous contributions, including Lars Elleström’s introductory piece “The modalities of media II”. This is followed by more extensive explanations of three concepts that are central for many of the chapters in the volumes, but not elaborated in the opening chapter: adaptation, narration and language.
Processing the Revolution: Exploring the Ways Tunisian Novels Reflect Political Upheavals
Authors: Pardey Charlotte 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungSeveral years after the Tunisian uprising of 2010–11, it is now time to explore the literary production of its aftermath. This chapter focuses on novels written in French and Arabic that have found acclaim in the Tunisian literary scene, all of them winners of the Tunisian prize for fiction, the Prix Comar d’Or. At the same time, the works deal in some way with the uprising of 2010/2011. This starting point allows various insights: First, it compares the novels, exploring trends such as autobiographic reflections and the turn to past revolutions. Secondly, the chapter asks more structural questions about the context of the novels’ production (authors, publishers) as well as about their honorary reception through literary awards. Beyond characterizing the post-revolutionary Tunisian literary scene, this approach also makes it possible to address the ways in which the Tunisian literary establishment wants the revolutionary events to be reworked in literature.