bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EN-FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Bae Kunho , Choi Jae Hwan , Kim Kyung Tae , Kang Se Woong 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the correlation between en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters and functional outcomes before and after idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study involved 80 eyes from 80 patients who underwent surgery for idiopathic ERM. Best-corrected visual acuity, metamorphopsia assessment (M-score), and OCT were assessed before surgery and six months after. The adhesive zone (A-zone) and retinal fold, a novel en-face OCT parameter reflecting inner retinal layer changes, were evaluated. Correlations between the area of A-zone and the number of retinal folds on en-face OCT images and other B-scan OCT parameters were evaluated regarding visual outcomes before and after ERM surgery.

Results:
The defect size of the ellipsoid zone, interdigitation zone, and external limiting membrane were significantly correlated with preoperative and postoperative 6-month best-corrected visual acuity (all P < 0.05). The central foveal thickness, A-zone area, number of marginal retinal folds, and fovea involvement in the A-zone were correlated with the preoperative and postoperative 6-month M-score (all P < 0.05). The A-zone area was significantly associated with the preoperative and postoperative 6-month M-score in a multiple linear regression model (P < 0.001, P = 0.008, respectively), and the number of marginal retinal folds was significantly associated with the preoperative M-score (P < 0.001) and marginally significantly with the postoperative 6-month M-score (P = 0.106).

Conclusion:
The A-zone area and the number of marginal retinal folds were significantly associated with the M-score before and after ERM surgery. These novel en-face OCT parameters can serve as a novel surrogate tool for predicting the functional outcomes in idiopathic ERM.
Brain signatures of threat–safety discrimination in adolescent chronic pain
Authors: Heathcote Lauren C. , Timmers Inge , Kronman Corey A. , Mahmud Farah , Hernandez J. Maya , Bentley Jason , Youssef Andrew M. , Pine Daniel S. , Borsook David , Simons Laura E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Approximately 1.7 million youth suffer from debilitating chronic pain in the US alone, conferring risk of continued pain in adulthood. Aberrations in threat–safety (T–S) discrimination are proposed to contribute to pain chronicity in adults and youth by interacting with pain-related distress. Yet, few studies have examined the neural circuitry underlying T–S discrimination in patients with chronic pain or how T–S discrimination relates to pain-related distress. In this study, 91 adolescents (10-24 years; 78 females) including 30 chronic pain patients with high pain-related distress, 29 chronic pain patients with low pain-related distress, and 32 healthy peers without chronic pain completed a developmentally appropriate T–S learning paradigm. We measured self-reported fear, psychophysiology (skin conductance response), and functional magnetic resonance imaging responses (N = 72 after functional magnetic resonance imaging exclusions). After controlling for age and anxiety symptoms, patients with high pain-related distress showed altered self-reported fear and frontolimbic activity in response to learned threat and safety cues compared with both patients with low pain-related distress and healthy controls. Specifically, adolescent patients with high pain-related distress reported elevated fear and showed elevated limbic (hippocampus and amygdala) activation in response to a learned threat cue (CS+). In addition, they showed decreased frontal (vmPFC) activation and aberrant frontolimbic connectivity in response to a learned safety cue (CS−). Patients with low pain-related distress and healthy controls appeared strikingly similar across brain and behavior. These findings indicate that altered T–S discrimination, mediated by frontolimbic activation and connectivity, may be one mechanism maintaining pain chronicity in adolescents with high levels of pain-related distress.
Graded chronic pain scale revised: mild, bothersome, and high-impact chronic pain
Authors: Von Korff Michael , DeBar Lynn L. , Krebs Erin E. , Kerns Robert D. , Deyo Richard A. , Keefe Francis J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Drawing on advances in chronic pain metrics, a simplified Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised was developed to differentiate mild, bothersome, and high-impact chronic pain. Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised was validated among adult enrollees of 2 health plans (N = 2021). In this population, the prevalence of chronic pain (pain present most or every day, prior 3 months) was 40.5%: 15.4% with mild chronic pain (lower pain intensity and interference); 10.1% bothersome chronic pain (moderate to severe pain intensity with lower interference with life activities); and 15.0% high-impact chronic pain (sustained pain-related activity limitations). Persons with mild chronic pain vs those without chronic pain showed small differences on 10 health status indicators (unfavorable health perceptions, activity limitations, and receiving long-term opioid therapy), with nonsignificant differences for 7 of 10 indicators. Persons with bothersome vs mild chronic pain differed significantly on 6 of 10 indicators (eg, negative pain coping beliefs, psychological distress, unfavorable health perceptions, and pain-related interference with overall activities). Persons with high-impact chronic pain differed significantly from those with mild chronic pain on all 10 indicators. Persons with high-impact chronic pain, relative to those with bothersome chronic pain, were more likely to have substantial activity limitations (significant differences for 4 of 5 disability indicators) and more often received long-term opioid therapy. Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised strongly predicted 5 activity-limitation indicators with area under receiver operating characteristic curve coefficients of 0.76 to 0.89. We conclude that the 5-item Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised and its scoring rules provide a brief, simple, and valid method for assessing chronic pain.
Elder Abuse in American Indian Communities: An Integrative Review
Authors: Crowder Jolie , Burnett Camille , Laughon Kathryn , Dreisbach Caitlin 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
American Indian elders have one of the lowest life expectancies in the United States. Disproportionate disease burden, socioeconomic disparities, and higher rates of violence across the lifespan are thought to contribute to higher rates of elder abuse. Elder abuse and higher rates of trauma exposure are linked with adverse outcomes.

Methods
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines informed the methodology and assessment of the literature on elder abuse among American Indians.

Results
Of the nine studies published in the last 30 years, rates of elder abuse varied by study, location, and tribal affiliation from 4.3% to 45.9%. Large studies with comparison populations found higher rates for American Indians. There was a consensus for three risk factors: substance abuse, mental health problems, and caregiving issues. Importance of tribal norms, the notion of respect conferred to elders, and the concept of acculturation were major culturally relevant themes. Perceived tribal norms and strengths, for example, respect for elders, were at odds with abuse experiences, particularly financial exploitation and neglect. Historical trauma, shame, and fear impacted reporting. There was little consistency in study designs, most were qualitative or mixed methods, samples were small, there was no common measurement tool or time frame for abuse, and there was only one intervention study.

Implications
High rates of abuse suggest healthcare providers should be encouraged to screen and intervene despite the lack of empirical evidence. Providers should not assume that traditional culturally ascribed strengths, such as honor and respect for elders, provide any degree of protection against elder abuse.
A Rehabilitation Framework for Children Living With HIV in South Africa: Reaching Consensus for a Resource-Poor Community
Authors: Maddocks Stacy , Hanass-Hancock Jill , Cobbing Saul , Chetty Verusia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Although rehabilitation frameworks for adults living with HIV are developing steadily, interventions to ensure the integration of rehabilitation into the routine care of children living with HIV-related disabilities lags. We sought to explore perceptions of, and gain expert consensus on, a rehabilitation framework for children living with HIV. Experts in HIV pediatric care in South Africa engaged in a Delphi survey, based on findings from a context-specific rehabilitation framework for adults. Consensus was determined by an a priori threshold of 80% agreement and an interquartile range of 1 or lower on criteria to be included as essential or useful in the framework. Experts agreed that enhancing access to patient-centered care through decentralization and training of health care and community care workers in the use of disability screening tools at each point of care needed to be included in the framework. Strengthening multiprofessional team collaboration was also seen as fundamental.
Bending Work Time: Curvilinear Relationship Between Working Time Dimensions and Psychological and Somatic Symptoms
Authors: Tanskanen Jussi 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Study examines the curvilinear associations of working time dimensions (working hours, time pressure, work schedules, and control of work time and pace) on psychological and somatic symptoms.

Methods:
Representative Finnish Quality-of-Work-Life Surveys conducted in 2003, 2008, and 2013 were restricted to those (N = 11,165) regularly working over 10 h/wk with more than 1-year tenure in their job. Generalized additive models were utilized in analysis.

Results:
Working hours had U-shaped relationships with psychosomatic symptoms, while time pressure had a threshold effect. Work pace control had linear effect. The effects of work time control and work schedules were insignificant. There were interaction effects between working time dimensions.

Conclusions:
Organizations should acknowledge the dynamics of working time dimensions. Notably, time pressure has a hazardous relation to psychosomatic symptoms, but working pace control can buffer the negative effect.
Empowering the novice family nurse practitioner: Promoting readiness to practice through immersion in an innovative educational strategy
Authors: Finneran Janet M. , Kreye Judy M. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
The demand for primary care providers in the United States is on the rise with projected shortages by the year 2025. The number of primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) is expected to nearly double from 2013 to 2025 in an effort to respond to the growing demand for primary care services both regionally and nationally. Nurse practitioners are key to addressing the current and future shortage of health care providers, especially in primary care. However, novice NPs face a significant challenge when transitioning from the registered nurse role to the advanced practice role, which can affect job satisfaction and retention. The purpose of this project is to assess the implementation of a structured Clinical Transition Program (CTP) embedded within a family NP (FNP) educational program as a learning strategy to strengthen readiness to practice and promote successful role transition in the novice FNP graduate. The CTP includes primary care clinical placements as well as specialty clinical rotations and intentional clinical placements in varied settings, including those in rural and underserved areas. Participation in the program had a positive effect on perceived readiness to practice for students at graduation and 9 months after graduation. Nurse educators, armed with the knowledge of the importance of successful role transition for the new NP, must continue to develop, implement, and assess educational opportunities that promote and support readiness to practice within existing NP programs.
Comparison of Disease-related Knowledge of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Between the West and the East Using an Updated Questionnaire (IBD-KNOW)
Authors: Kim Jin Yong , Yoon Hyuk , Hwang Jun Seong , Yang Suk-Kyun , Park Sang Hyoung , Loftus Edward V. 
Published: November 2019

Goals:
The study aimed to compare the level and characteristics of disease-related knowledge of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) between the West and the East using an international version of a questionnaire regarding knowledge of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-KNOW).

Background:
The authors recently developed a new questionnaire regarding IBD-KNOW, which showed excellent test characteristics in Korea.

Study:
The IBD-KNOW questionnaire was administered to 100 patients with IBD from tertiary referral hospitals in the United States and Korea. Scores were calculated and compared between US and Korean patients, and factors associated with high scores were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 196 (100 US and 96 Korean) patients with IBD completed the questionnaires. Analysis of the baseline characteristics revealed that male sex, smoking status, disease duration, history of IBD-related operations, family history of IBD, and use of corticosteroids or biologics were significantly different between US and Korean patients. The mean IBD-KNOW score was higher in US patients than in Korean patients (14.8 vs. 11.3; P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that a high IBD-KNOW score (top 25%) was associated with a positive family history of IBD (odds ratio, 2.90; P=0.025) in US patients with IBD and with the use of biologics (odds ratio, 3.65; P=0.008) in Korean patients with IBD.

Conclusions:
The IBD-KNOW questionnaire, an updated assessment tool of IBD-related knowledge, is simple, reliable, and available in various patient populations. IBD-KNOW can be used to identify the factors affecting the level of IBD-related knowledge to improve the quality of care in patients with IBD through a personalized approach.
Effectiveness comparisons of acupuncture for diabetic nephropathy proteinuria
Authors: Miao Yao-Dong , Gu Wen-Yuan , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Ma Yun-Tao , Deng Sheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes (DM). Proteinuria is the most important clinical feature of DN and an independent risk factor for the progression of DN. Therefore, reducing urinary protein is the primary goal of DN treatment. Acupuncture has long been widely used in the treatment of DN. Therefore, this paper conducted a meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of DN proteinuria, in order to comprehensively analyze the role of acupuncture in the treatment of DN.

Methods and analysis:
We will search for PubMed, Cochrane Library, AMED, EMbase, WorldSciNet; Nature, Science online and China Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature CD-ROM Database (CBM), and related randomized controlled trials included in the China Resources Database. The time is limited from the construction of the library to September 2019.We will use the criteria provided by Cochrane 5.1.0 for quality assessment and risk assessment of the included studies, and use the Revman 5.3 and Stata13.0 software for meta-analysis of the effectiveness, recurrence rate, and symptom scores of DN proteinuria.

Ethics and dissemination:
This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for DN proteinuria. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process Trial.

Trial registration number: PROSPERO CRD42019139705
Undetectable proviral deoxyribonucleic acid in an adolescent perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1C and on long-term antiretroviral therapy resulted in viral rebound following antiretroviral therapy termination
Authors: Koofhethile Catherine Kegakilwe , Moyo Sikhulile , Kotokwe Kenanao Peggy , Mokgethi Patrick , Muchoba Lorato , Mokgweetsi Selebogo , Gaolathe Tendani , Makhema Joseph , Shapiro Roger , Lockman Shahin , Kanki Phyllis , Essex M. , Gaseitsiwe Simani , de Oliveira Tulio , Novitsky Vladimir 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) leads to long-term viral suppression, reduces proviral reservoir size, and prolongs time to rebound. Since human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lifelong disease, diagnostic monitoring after confirmed infection is typically not performed; therefore, little is known about the impact of early initiation and long-term ART on the sensitivity of assays that detect HIV antibodies and viral nucleic acid in children and adolescents.

Patient concerns:
Here we report 1 case of diagnosed and confirmed perinatal HIV-1C infection with longstanding viral suppression, who subsequently had a negative HIV-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test, undetectable antibodies to HIV-1, and high CD4+ T cell count after 14 years of ART.

Diagnosis:
The patient was diagnosed with HIV in 2002 at 1 and 2 months of age using DNA polymerase chain reaction. At 8 months old, his viral load was 1210 HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies/mL and CD4 T cell count was 3768 cells/mm3.

Intervention:
At the age of 9 months, highly active antiretroviral therapy comprising of zidovudine, nevirapine, and lamivudine was initiated. The patient remained on this treatment for 14 years 11 months and was virally suppressed.

Outcomes:
At the age of 14 years 4 months, the participant decided to visit a local voluntary HIV testing center, where a rapid HIV test came out negative and the viral load was undetectable (<400 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL). These results led to termination of ART which led to viral rebound within 9 months.

Lessons:
As more people with early HIV infection initiate early ART in the context of “Test and Treat all” recommendations, aspects of this report may become more commonplace, with both clinical and public health implications. If the possibility of functional cure (or false-positive diagnosis) is being considered, decisions to terminate ART should be made cautiously and with expert guidance, and may benefit from highly sensitive quantification of the proviral reservoir.
Chromosomal copy number variations in products of conception from spontaneous abortion by next-generation sequencing technology
Authors: Dai Rulin , Xi Qi , Wang Ruixue , Zhang Hongguo , Jiang Yuting , Li Leilei , Liu Ruizhi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Fetal chromosomal abnormalities are considered to be the main cause of spontaneous abortion (SA). We aimed to determine the differences in the rates and numbers of chromosomal abnormalities between samples from women with a history of one versus more than one SA as well as between samples from first- and second-trimester SAs in women from Northeast China.
In total, 1210 products of conception (POCs) from patients with a history of one or more SAs were examined. Of these 1210 samples, 434 were from women with a history of 1 SA, and 776 were from women with a history of more than 1 SA. Additionally, 1071 samples were from the first trimester, 118 were from the second trimester, and 21 were from the third trimester. We identified chromosomal abnormalities by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Among the 1210 POCs in women with SA, 607 (50.17%) had fetal chromosomal abnormalities. There were no significant differences in the rates of chromosomal abnormalities according to the abortion frequency. However, first-trimester SA had a significantly higher percentage of fetal chromosomal abnormalities than second-trimester SA (P < .05). Among 663 chromosomal abnormalities, 633 abnormalities occurred in first-trimester SA; the most frequent karyotype was trisomy 16 (14.38%), followed by monosomy X (13.27%), trisomy 22 (7.90%), and trisomy 15 (5.37%). Thirty abnormalities occurred in second-trimester SA; the most frequent karyotype was trisomy 18 (26.67%), followed by monosomy X (16.67%), trisomy 21 (13.33%), and trisomy 13 (10.00%). No chromosomal abnormalities occurred in the third trimester.
These findings indicate the importance of determining the genetic cause of abortion in patients with a history of SA. We also identified a trend suggesting that the percentage of fetal chromosomal abnormalities is significantly higher in first- than second-trimester SA. The detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities in POCs from SA can be increased by NGS, which is beneficial for couples with recurrent miscarriages and offers better genetic counseling in the clinical setting.
Molecular expression profiles of selected microRNAs in colorectal adenocarcinoma in patients from south-eastern part of Romania
Authors: Brînzan Costel , Aşchie Mariana , Matei Elena , Mitroi Anca , Cozaru Georgeta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding class of RNAs with functions in the regulation of genes expressions. Dysregulated expressions of miRNAs play important roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression by targeting various oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. miRNAs represent a new field for molecular diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to their high tissue specificity, their stability, and their dysregulated expression in tumor development.
This study aimed to investigate using the qRT-PCR method the expression profile and prognostic value of 11 mature miRNAs in a cohort of 82 Romanian patients diagnosed with CRC. The relationship between the expression levels of selected miRNAs and clinicopathologic features were evaluated using ANOVA and Pearson test. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic values of the miRNAs to discriminate cancerous from non-cancerous states of the samples.
The expression levels of miR-30c, miR-144, miR-375, miR-214, and miR-195 in CRC tissue were significantly downregulated (all P < .05; Paired T-Test) than that in normal adjacent tissue sample (NATS), while the expression of miR-141, miR-182, miR-183, miR-21, and miR-370 in CRC tissue were significantly upregulated (all P < .001) than that in NATS. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-182, miR-183, miR-141, and miR-21 were demonstrated to be associated with a gradual increase in fold change expression with depth of tumor invasion (all P < .05), lymph node invasion (all P < .001), and maximal increase with distant metastasis (all P < .001). Moreover, the analysis of ROC curves revealed that AUC (95% CI) of miR-182, miR-183, miR-141, and miR-21 in diagnosis of CRC was 0.76 (0.66–0.87), 0.85 (0.78–0.94), 0.77 (0.62–0.92), 0.83 (0.73–0.90), respectively. The univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression for all variables revealed that the nodal status, distant metastasis, miR-21, miR-141, miR-182, and miR-183 were independent prognostic markers of CRC.
In conclusion, altered expressions of miR-21, miR-141, miR-182, and miR-183 in CRC varies at different stages of CRC development and may serve as potential diagnosis molecular biomarkers in Romanian patients with CRC. Further investigations are needed to confirm our findings.