bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying asymmetry of anterior cerebral arteries as a predictor of anterior communicating artery complex aneurysm
Authors: Burlakoti Arjun , Kumaratilake Jaliya , Taylor David J , Henneberg Maciej 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish an anatomical index for early prediction of the risk of development of aneurysms in anterior communicating arterial complex (AcomAC). The asymmetric diameter of one anterior cerebral artery (ACA) to other could alter haemodynamics and may contribute to formation of aneurysms in AcomAC and be a reliable predictor of the risk of development of aneurysms.Design and settingThis is a retrospective, observational and quantitative study, which used cerebral computed tomography angiography (CCTA) scans in South Australia.ParticipantsCCTA scans of 166 adult patients of both sexes were studied.Main outcome measuresThe internal diameters of the proximal segments of ACAs (A1s) were measured. Position and presence or absence of aneurysms in AcomAC were determined. The ratio of A1 diameters was taken as a measure of A1 asymmetry.ResultsThe ratio of diameters of A1s correlated with the occurrence of AcomAC aneurysms. The risk of development of aneurysms in AcomAC was much greater (80%, OR=47.3) when one A1 segment’s radius was at least 50% larger (ie, 2.25 times cross-sectional area) than the other.ConclusionThe general information on asymmetric A1 has been published previously. The present findings have significant contribution since the A1s asymmetry ratios have been categorised in ascending order and matched with the presence of AcomAC aneurysms. The asymmetry ratio of the A1 is a good predictor for the development of AcomAC aneurysms. Reconstruction of the asymmetric A1 could be done if the technology gets advanced.
Apnoeic oxygenation was associated with decreased desaturation rates during rapid sequence intubation in multiple Australian and New Zealand emergency departments
Authors: Perera Adrian , Alkhouri Hatem , Fogg Toby , Vassiliadis John , Mackenzie John , Wimalasena Yashvi 
Published: December 2020

Apnoeic oxygenation (ApOx) has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of desaturation, although evidence of benefit has been conflicting depending on the technique used. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of desaturation between patients who received ApOx via conventional nasal cannula (NC) and those who did not, using a large, multicentre airway registry.MethodsThis study is an analysis of 24 months of prospectively collected data in the Australia and New Zealand Emergency Department Airway Registry (June 2013–June 2015). The registry includes information on all intubated adults from 43 emergency departments. Patients intubated during cardiac arrest (n=393), those who received active ventilation prior to the first intubation attempt (n=486), and where the use of ApOx was not recorded either way (n=312) were excluded. The proportion of patients who desaturated (Sa02<93) in the group that received ApOx and those that did not were compared. To evaluate the association of ApOx with patient desaturation, a logistic regression model based on factors expected to influence desaturation was performed.ResultsOf 2519 patients analysed, 1669 (66.3%) received ApOx via NC while 850 (33.7%) did not. Desaturation in the cohort receiving ApOx was 10.4% compared with standard care (no ApOx) 13.7%. ApOx had a protective effect for desaturation (OR 0.71 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95). Single intubation attempt was associated with reduced risk of desaturation of (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.17); this was increased on second attempt (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.68). Desaturation was also associated with the physician recording that they had anticipated a difficult airway (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.48).ConclusionThis large multicentre registry study provides evidence that ApOx delivered through a conventional NC is associated with a lower incidence of desaturation in patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation.Trial registration numberACTRN12613001052729.
Physical health conditions and subsequent union separation: a couple-level register study on neurological conditions, heart and lung disease, and cancer
Authors: Metsä-Simola Niina , Einiö Elina , Peltonen Riina , Martikainen Pekka 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundStudies that assess the role of physical health conditions on separation risk are scarce and mostly lack health information on both partners. It is unclear how the association between physical illness and separation risk varies by type of illness, gender of the ill spouse and age of the couple.MethodsWe used Finnish register data on 127 313 couples to examine how neurological conditions, heart and lung disease, and cancer are associated with separation risk. The data included information on medication, hospitalisations, separations and sociodemographic characteristics. Marital and non-marital cohabiting couples aged 40–70 years were followed from 1998 to 2003 for the onset of health conditions and subsequent separation, and Cox regression was used to examine the associations.ResultsCompared with healthy couples, the HR of separation was elevated by 43% for couples in which both spouses had a physical health condition, by 22% for couples in which only the male spouse had fallen ill, and by 11% for couples in which only the female had fallen ill. Among older couples, the associations between physical illness and separation risk were even clearer. The association with separation risk was strongest for neurological conditions, and after incidence of these conditions among males, separation risk increased over time. Adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics had little effect.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that poor health may largely strain relationships through disability and associated burden of spousal care, and this should be taken into consideration when planning support services for couples with physical health conditions.
A20 regulates the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma
Authors: Guo Weinan , Ma Jinyuan , Guo Sen , Wang Huina , Wang Sijia , Shi Qiong , Liu Lin , Zhao Tao , Yang Fengfan , Chen Shuyang , Chen Jianru , Zhao Jianhong , Yu Chen , Yi Xiuli , Yang Yuqi , Ma Jingjing , Ni Qingrong , Zhu Guannan , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockers, especially the neutralizing antibodies of programmed cell death (PD-1) and its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), has been well verified in melanoma. Nevertheless, the dissatisfactory response rate and the occurrence of resistance significantly hinder the treatment effect. Inflammation-related molecules like A20 are greatly implicated in cancer immune response, but the role of tumorous A20 in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy efficacy remains elusive.MethodsThe association between tumorous A20 expression and the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was determined by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry analysis of primary tumor specimens from melanoma patients. Preclinical mouse model, in vitro coculture system, immunohistochemical staining and flow cytometry analysis were employed to investigate the role of A20 in regulating the effect of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Bioinformatics, mass spectrum analysis and a set of biochemical analyzes were used to figure out the underlying mechanism.ResultsWe first discovered that upregulated A20 was associated with impaired antitumor capacity of CD8+T cells and poor response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Subsequent functional studies in preclinical mouse model and in vitro coculture system proved that targeting tumorous A20 prominently improved the effect of immunotherapy through the invigoration of infiltrating CD8+T cells via the regulation of PD-L1. Mechanistically, A20 facilitated the ubiquitination and degradation of prohibitin to potentiate STAT3 activation and PD-L1 expression. Moreover, tumorous A20 expression was highly associated with the ratio of Ki-67 percentage in circulating PD-1+CD8+T cells to tumor burden.ConclusionsTogether, our findings uncover a novel crosstalk between inflammatory molecules and antitumor immunity in melanoma, and highlight that A20 can be exploited as a promising target to bring clinical benefit to melanomas refractory to immune checkpoint blockade.
Five-year results of randomized bioactive versus bare metal coils in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: the Matrix and Platinum Science (MAPS) Trial
Authors: McDougall Cameron G , Johnston S Claiborne , Hetts Steven W , Gholkar Anil , Barnwell Stanley L , Vazquez Suarez Juan Carlos , Massó Romero Javier , Chaloupka John C , Bonafe Alain , Wakhloo Ajay K , Tampieri Donatella , Dowd Christopher F , Fox Allan J , Turk Aquilla S 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundNo randomized trial of intracranial aneurysm coiling has compared long-term efficacy of polymer-modified coils to bare metal coils (BMCs). We report 5-year results comparing Matrix2coils to BMCs. The primary objective was to compare the rates of target aneurysm recurrence (TAR) at 12 months. Secondary objectives included angiographic outcomes at TAR or 12 months and TAR at 5 years.MethodsA total of 626 patients were randomized to BMCs or Matrix2coils. Detailed methods and 1-year results have been published previously.ResultsOf 580 patients eligible for 5-year follow-up, 431 (74.3%) completed follow-up or reached TAR. Matrix2coils were non-inferior to BMCs (P=0.8) but did not confer any benefit. Core lab reported post-treatment residual aneurysm filling (Raymond III) correlated with TAR (P<0.0001) and with aneurysm hemorrhage after treatment (P<0.008). Repeat aneurysmal hemorrhage after treatment, but before hospital discharge, occurred in three patients treated for acutely ruptured aneurysms. Additionally, two patients treated for unruptured aneurysms experienced a first hemorrhage during follow-up. All five hemorrhages resulted from aneurysms with Raymond III residual aneurysm filling persisting after initial treatment. After 5 years follow-up, 2/626 (0.3%) patients are known to have had target aneurysm rupture following hospital discharge. The annualized rate of delayed hemorrhage after coiling was 2/398/5=0.001 (0.1%) per year for unruptured aneurysms and 0 for ruptured aneurysms.ConclusionsAfter 5 years Matrix2coils were non-inferior to BMCs but no benefit was demonstrated. Post-treatment residual angiographic aneurysm filling (Raymond III) is strongly associated with TAR (P<0.0001) and post-treatment aneurysmal hemorrhage (P=0.008).
Per-pass analysis of acute ischemic stroke clots: impact of stroke etiology on extracted clot area and histological composition
Authors: Fitzgerald Seán , Rossi Rosanna , Mereuta Oana Madalina , Jabrah Duaa , Okolo Adaobi , Douglas Andrew , Molina Gil Sara , Pandit Abhay , McCarthy Ray , Gilvarry Michael , Dunker Dennis , Nordanstig Annika , Ceder Erik , Redfors Petra , Jood Katarina , Dehlfors Niclas , Magoufis Georgios , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F , O'Hare Alan , Power Sarah , Brennan Paul , Alderson Jack , Nagy András , Vadász Ágnes , Psychogios Klearchos , Szikora Istvan , Tatlisumak Turgut , Rentzos Alexandros , Thornton John , Doyle Karen M 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundInitial studies investigating correlations between stroke etiology and clot composition are conflicting and do not account for clot size as determined by area. Radiological studies have shown that cardioembolic strokes are associated with shorter clot lengths and lower clot burden than non-cardioembolic clots.ObjectiveTo report the relationship between stroke etiology, extracted clot area, and histological composition at each procedural pass.MethodsAs part of the multi-institutional RESTORE Registry, the Martius Scarlett Blue stained histological composition and extracted clot area of 612 per-pass clots retrieved from 441 patients during mechanical thrombectomy procedures were quantified. Correlations with clinical and procedural details were investigated.ResultsClot composition varied significantly with procedural passes; clots retrieved in earlier passes had higher red blood cell content (H4=11.644, p=0.020) and larger extracted clot area (H4=10.730, p=0.030). Later passes were associated with significantly higher fibrin (H4=12.935, p=0.012) and platelets/other (H4=15.977, p=0.003) content and smaller extracted clot area. Large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) clots were significantly larger in the extracted clot area and more red blood cell-rich than other etiologies in passes 1–3. Cardioembolic and cryptogenic clots had similar histological composition and extracted clot area across all procedural passes.ConclusionLAA clots are larger and associated with a large red blood cell-rich extracted clot area, suggesting soft thrombus material. Cardioembolic clots are smaller in the extracted clot area, consistent in composition and area across passes, and have higher fibrin and platelets/other content than LAA clots, making them stiffer clots. The per-pass histological composition and extracted clot area of cryptogenic clots are similar to those of cardioembolic clots, suggesting similar formation mechanisms.
Optimising development and production of naturally fractured reservoirs using a large empirical dataset
Authors: Sun Shaoqing , Pollitt David A. 
Published: December 2020

Naturally fractured reservoirs are important contributors to global petroleum reserves and production. Existing classification schemes for fractured reservoirs do not adequately differentiate between certain types of fractured reservoirs, leading to difficulty in understanding fundamental controls on reservoir performance and recovery efficiency. Three hundred naturally fractured reservoirs were examined to define a new classification scheme that is independent of the type of fracturing and describes fundamentally different matrix types, rock properties, fluid storage and flow characteristics.
This study categorises fractured reservoirs in three groups: (1) Type 1: characterized by a tight matrix where fractures and solution-enhanced fracture porosity provide both storage capacity and fluid-flow pathways; (2) Type 2: characterized by a macroporous matrix which provides the primary storage capacity where fractures and solution-enhanced fracture porosity provide essential fluid-flow pathways; and (3) Type 3: characterized by a microporous matrix which provides all storage capacity where fractures only provide essential fluid-flow pathways. Differentiation is made between controls imparted by inherent natural conditions, such as rock and fluid properties and natural drive mechanisms, and human controls, such as choice of development scheme and reservoir management practices.
The classification scheme presented here is based on reservoir and production characteristics of naturally fractured reservoirs and represents a refinement of existing schemes. This refinement allows accurate comparisons to be made between analogous fractured reservoirs, and trends and outliers in reservoir performance to be identified. Case histories provided herein demonstrate the practical application of this new classification scheme and the benefits that arise when applying it to the understanding of naturally fractured reservoirs.
Challenges of carbonate platform identification and characterization from seismic data in frontier exploration – evaluating a possible Miocene example from the SE Caribbean
Authors: Jiménez Berrocoso Álvaro , Masini Massimiliano , Salazar Josgre , Campos Antonio Olaiz , Hsieh Jean C. C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the identification of carbonate platforms in frontier exploration using seismic data remains challenging despite the variety of attributes that can be extracted from the data and their integration with other sources of information. A Miocene example from offshore Tobago (Southern Caribbean) is evaluated using 3D seismic data integrated with regional geology, potential fields, analogues and structural restoration. The data are compatible with interpreting the target as shallow-marine carbonates, and a conceptual model is presented. However, far fewer of the seismic characteristics are
diagnostic
of a carbonate platform, and despite the intensive approach and the use of published criteria for subsurface carbonate interpretation, it was impossible to conclusively identify the target as a shallow-marine carbonate. Alternative explanations such as volcaniclastics, eroded remnants of siliciclastics and basement highs are considered. The study illustrates that it is common to find situations where the origin of a prospective geobody cannot be determined beyond significant levels of uncertainty unless it is drilled. If other elements of the petroleum system are favourable, this irreducible risk has to be accepted to avoid overlooking attractive carbonate reservoirs, provided all available data are used and all possible alternative interpretations considered.
On-Chip Antenna Design Using the Concepts of Metamaterial and SIW Principles Applicable to Terahertz Integrated Circuits Operating over 0.6–0.622 THz
Authors: Althuwayb Ayman A. 
Published: December 2020

This research work presents the investigation of realizing an on-chip antenna based on the metamaterial concept, which is working over the terahertz (THz) band for applications in integrated circuits. The proposed on-chip antenna is constructed of five stacked layers of polyimide and aluminum as top and bottom substrates, radiation patches, ground plane, and feed line. The four square-shaped radiation patches are implemented on the 50

μ

m top-polyimide substrate, and the feed line is realized on the 50

μ

m bottom-polyimide layer by designing the simple square microstrip lines, which are all connected to each other and then excited by waveguide port. The ground plane including a coupling square slot has sandwiched between the top- and bottom-polyimide layers. The coupling square slot etched on the ground plane is exactly placed under the patch to optimum transfer the electromagnetic signal from the bottom feed line to the top radiation patch. To achieve high performance parameters without increasing the antenna's physical dimensions, the metamaterial and substrate integrated waveguide properties have been applied to the antenna structure by implementing linear tapered slots on the patch top surfaces and metallic via holes throughout the middle ground plane connecting top and bottom substrates to each other. The slots play the role of series left-handed (LH) capacitors (CL) and the via holes act as shunt LH inductors (LL). The overall dimension of the proposed metamaterial-based on-chip antenna is 1000 × 1000 × 100 μm3. This antenna can cover the frequency band from 0.6 THz to 0.622 THz, which is equal to 20 GHz bandwidth. The radiation gain and efficiency across the operating frequency band varies from 1.1 dBi to 1.8 dBi, and from 58% to 60.5%, respectively. The results confirm that the proposed on-chip antenna with compact dimensions, wide bandwidth over the terahertz domain, low profile, cost effective, simple configuration, and easy to manufacture can be potentially appropriate for terahertz integrated circuits.
Gut Microbiome Components Predict Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yi Yuxi , Shen Lijun , Shi Wei , Xia Fan , Zhang Hui , Wang Yan , Zhang Jing , Wang Yaqi , Sun Xiaoyang , Zhang Zhiyuan , Zou Wei , Yang Wang , Zhang Lingyi , Zhu Ji , Goel Ajay , Ma Yanlei , Zhang Zhen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurpose:The gut microbiome is involved in antitumor immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses; however, evidence-based research on the role of gut microbiome in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains scarce. This prospective, longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the gut microbiome in predicting nCRT responses.Experimental Design:We collected 167 fecal samples from 84 patients with LARC before and after nCRT and 31 specimens from healthy individuals for 16S rRNA sequencing. Patients were divided into responders and nonresponders according to pathologic response to nCRT. After identifying microbial biomarkers related to nCRT responses, we constructed a random forest classifier for nCRT response prediction of a training cohort of baseline samples from 37 patients and validated the classifier in another cohort of 47 patients.Results:We observed significant microbiome alterations represented by a decrease in LARC-related pathogens and an increase in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus during nCRT. Furthermore, a prominent microbiota difference between responders and nonresponders was noticed in the baseline samples. Microbes related with butyrate production, including Roseburia, Dorea, and Anaerostipes, were overrepresented in responders, whereas Coriobacteriaceae and Fusobacterium were overrepresented in nonresponders. Ten biomarkers were selected for the response-prediction classifier, including Dorea, Anaerostipes, and Streptococcus, which yielded an area under the curve value of 93.57% [95% confidence interval (CI), 85.76%–100%] in the training cohort and 73.53% (95% CI, 58.96%–88.11%) in the validation cohort.Conclusions:The gut microbiome offers novel potential biomarkers for predicting nCRT responses, which has important manifestations in the clinical management of these patients.
Identification of Genes Required for Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro
Authors: Kohrt Sarah E. , Awadallah Wisam N. , Phillips Robert A. , Case Thomas C. , Jin Renjie , Nanda Jagpreet S. , Yu Xiuping , Clark Peter E. , Yi Yajun , Matusik Robert J. , Anderson Philip D. , Grabowska Magdalena M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer can be treated with the antiandrogen enzalutamide, but responses and duration of response are variable. To identify genes that support enzalutamide resistance, we performed a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen in the bone-homing, castration-resistant prostate cancer cell line, C4-2B. We identified 11 genes (TFAP2C, CAD, SPDEF, EIF6, GABRG2, CDC37, PSMD12, COL5A2, AR, MAP3K11, and ACAT1) whose loss resulted in decreased cell survival in response to enzalutamide. To validate our screen, we performed transient knockdowns in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells and evaluated cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Through these studies, we validated three genes (ACAT1, MAP3K11, and PSMD12) as supporters of enzalutamide resistance in vitro. Although ACAT1 expression is lower in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer samples versus primary prostate cancer samples, knockdown of ACAT1 was sufficient to reduce cell survival in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells. MAP3K11 expression increases with Gleason grade, and the highest expression is observed in metastatic castration-resistant disease. Knockdown of MAP3K11 reduced cell survival, and pharmacologic inhibition of MAP3K11 with CEP-1347 in combination with enzalutamide resulted in a dramatic increase in cell death. This was associated with decreased phosphorylation of AR-Serine650, which is required for maximal AR activation. Finally, although PSMD12 expression did not change during disease progression, knockdown of PSMD12 resulted in decreased AR and AR splice variant expression, likely contributing to the C4-2B and 22Rv1 decrease in cell survival. Our study has therefore identified at least three new supporters of enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro.