bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Links of Extracellular Enzyme Activities, Microbial Metabolism, and Community Composition in the River‐Impacted Coastal Waters
Authors: Shi Zhen , Xu Jie , Li Xiangfu , Li Ruihuan , Li Qian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtracellular enzymatic activity (EEA), production, respiration, and composition of the bacterial community were determined along environmental gradients in the river‐impacted coastal waters in the South China Sea during summer in order to examine the links of EEA, metabolic activity, and composition of the bacterial community. The initial step of substrate utilization was coupled with metabolic activity of the bacterial community. The activity of leucine aminopeptidase was closely related to the level of phytoplankton biomass, suggesting that leucine‐containing compounds primarily resulted from phytoplankton, which was likely partly responsible for the close link between bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in marine environments. A shift from the dominance of leucine aminopeptidase in EEA in eutrophic environments to chitobiases in pristine waters was attributed to bacterial preference for leucine‐containing compounds and spatial variability in substrate supply. Spatial pattern of the enzymatic rates along an environmental gradient differed at the community and the cellular level. The enzymatic rates of the bacterial community decreased offshore, which were linked to substrate supply and the bacterial community composition. However, cell‐specific enzymatic rates were modulated by not only the bacterial community composition but also the carbon partition between anabolic and catabolic processes as environmental conditions changed, both of which eventually altered bacterial abundance. Functional redundancy of bacterial groups existed despite shifts in the bacterial community composition, suggesting that the bacterial community might maximize their function of hydrolyzing substrates across marine environments. Our findings improved the understanding of the connection of extracellular enzymatic activity, metabolic activity, and community composition of bacterioplankton.
Higher CO2 Concentrations and Lower Acidic Deposition Have Not Changed Drought Response in Tree Growth But Do Influence iWUE in Hardwood Trees in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Maxwell Justin T. , Harley Grant L. , Mandra Tessa E. , Yi Koong , Kannenberg Steven A. , Au Tsun Fung , Robeson Scott M. , Pederson Neil , Sauer Peter E. , Novick Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeveral important environmental influences of tree growth and carbon sequestration have changed over the past several decades in eastern North America, specifically, more frequent pluvial conditions, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, and decreased acidic deposition. These factors could lead to changes in the relationship between tree growth and water availability, and perhaps even decouple the two, having large implications on how future climate change will impact forest productivity and carbon sequestration. Here, we examine the concurrent influence of the climatic water balance (precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration), CO2 concentrations, and sulfate and nitrogen deposition on radial tree growth, carbon isotopes, and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) for several hardwood tree species in the Midwestern United States. We found that when considering the simultaneous influence of these factors, the climatic water balance is the dominant influence on annual growth. Therefore, the recent pluvial period is the primary cause of the weakening relationship between radial growth and water availability. Even during pluvial periods, water availability is the primary control on growth, with increasing CO2 concentrations and decreased SO4 deposition being secondary factors. Importantly, the weakening in the climate‐growth relationship is species specific, with Acer species having stable relationships with the climatic water balance, Liriodendron tulipifera showing a strengthening relationship, and Quercus species and Populus grandidentata exhibiting weakening. Thus, interannual variations in soil moisture unevenly impact tree growth and carbon sequestration. Our findings suggest that, despite recent pluvial conditions, increasing CO2 concentrations and decreasing acidic deposition have not buffered the impact of water availability on tree growth and carbon sequestration.
From Submarine to Subaerial Out‐of‐Sequence Thrusting and Gravity‐Driven Extensional Faulting: Gran Sasso Massif, Central Apennines, Italy
Authors: Lucca Alessio , Storti Fabrizio , Balsamo Fabrizio , Clemenzi Luca , Fondriest Michele , Burgess Ray , Di Toro Giulio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThrust wedge evolution is typically characterized by out‐of‐sequence thrusting, which can occur in both submarine and subaerial conditions to maintain the balance between gravitational and tectonic forces. The Gran Sasso Massif, in Central Italy, is a high topography region where the kinematics and environmental conditions of deformation of some fault zones are still controversial, and this bears important implications for the Central Apennines orogenic wedge evolution. To obtain further constraints on fault activity in the Gran Sasso Massif, we studied the Monte Camicia and Vado di Ferruccio thrusts using structural, petrographical, and geochemical analyses. Such dataset allowed us to constrain the structural‐diagenetic evolution of the studied faults, which has first‐order implications in the characterization of their paleo‐hydraulic properties. Our results indicate that in the Vado di Ferruccio out‐of‐sequence thrust, pressure solution‐mediated mass transfer promoted low‐permeability conditions in the fault core that led to a semiclosed fluid circulation, pore fluid overpressuring, and dolomite crystallization in submarine conditions. In contrast, the Monte Camicia out‐of‐sequence thrust was characterized by dominant cataclasis in subaerial conditions, which facilitated meteoric fluid infiltration. By considering both fault zones as belonging to the same thrust system at crustal scale, we interpret these differences as indicating the occurrence of multiple pulses of thrusting during the exhumation of this sector of the Central Apennines, up to Quaternary times, when extensional faulting eventually dissected the thrust stack. This caused extensional reactivation of the Monte Camicia Thrust and related alteration in vadose zone conditions, leading to porosity enhancement, dolomite dissolution, and calcitization.
Global‐Scale Prediction of Flood Timing Using Atmospheric Reanalysis
Authors: Do Hong Xuan , Westra Seth , Leonard Michael , Gudmundsson Lukas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe annual timing of flood events is a useful indicator to study the interaction between atmospheric and catchment processes in generating floods. This paper presents an assessment of the seasonal timing of floods for 7,894 gauging locations across the globe over a common period from 1981 to 2010. The averaged ordinal date of annual maximum streamflow is then estimated for ungauged locations following a two‐stage prediction scheme. The first stage identifies regions that share a common climatic predictor of flood timing by analyzing the similarity of flood timing with seven climate variables. These variables represent precipitation timing and snowmelt dynamics and are derived from a global climate reanalysis data set. Homogeneous regions in terms of the dominant predictor are generalized in the second stage through a rule‐based classification. The classification partitions the world into five hydroclimate classes, where each class has flood timing predicted using the most relevant climate predictor. Using this relatively simple and interpretable model structure, flood timing could be predicted with a global mean absolute error of approximately 31 days while maintaining consistency across large regions. Potential applications of the developed map include better understanding of climatic drivers of flooding and benchmarking the performance of global hydrological models in simulating the processes relevant to flooding.
Urbanization in Arid Central Arizona Watersheds Results in Decreased Stream Flashiness
Authors: McPhillips L. E. , Earl S. R. , Hale R. L. , Grimm N. B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is broad consensus that urbanization results in dramatic changes in stream hydrology, such as higher peak flows and greater flashiness. However, this has not been definitively tested for aridlands, which are characterized by these very same hydrograph properties. We analyzed streamflow records from 19 watersheds of central Arizona, USA, to determine how hydrograph characteristics varied with urban development. Using linear mixed effects models, which factored in imperviousness along with other watershed characteristics, we evaluated influences on streamflow regime metrics calculated from daily and subdaily flow data. We found that flashiness, coefficient of variation, zero‐flow days, and hydrograph rise and fall rates decreased with extent of imperviousness—the opposite pattern to that observed in previous studies primarily in humid regions. Engineered retention basins are one explanation for this observation though novel urban sources of dry weather flows are likely also playing a role. We also found strong relationships between these hydrologic metrics and mean area‐weighted discharge, watershed area, and annual precipitation. Like in humid systems, we did observe more high flow events in the urban desert streams compared to nonurban desert streams. However, this was only at the lower flood threshold; there was no increase in larger floods with urban development. Overall, the urban stream syndrome manifests differently in this arid system: Urbanization increases water retention and leads to less variable flows in stream ecosystems.
Post-neoadjuvant cellular dissociation grading based on tumour budding and cell nest size is associated with therapy response and survival in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jesinghaus Moritz , Boxberg Melanie , Wilhelm Dirk , Münch Stefan , Dapper Hendrik , Quante Michael , Schlag Christoph , Lange Sebastian , Budczies Jan , Konukiewitz Björn , Mollenhauer Martin , Schlitter Anna Melissa , Becker Karl Friedrich , Feith Marcus , Friess Helmut , Steiger Katja , Combs Stephanie E. , Weichert Wilko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Cellular Dissociation Grade (CDG) composed of tumour budding and cell nest size has been shown to independently predict prognosis in pre-therapeutic biopsies and primary resections of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of CDG in ESCC after neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods
We evaluated cell nest size and tumour budding activity in 122 post-neoadjuvant ESCC resections, correlated the results with tumour regression groups and patient survival and compared the results with data from primary resected cases as well as pre-therapeutic biopsies.

Results
CDG remained stable when results from pre-therapeutic biopsies and post-therapeutic resections from the same patient were compared. CDG was associated with therapy response and a strong predictor of overall, disease-specific (DSS) and disease-free (DFS) survival in univariate analysis and—besides metastasis—remained the only significant survival predictor for DSS and DFS in multivariate analysis. Multivariate DFS hazard ratios reached 3.3 for CDG-G2 and 4.9 for CDG-G3 neoplasms compared with CDG-G1 carcinomas (p = 0.016).

Conclusions
CDG is the only morphology-based grading algorithm published to date, which in concert with regression grading, is able to contribute relevant prognostic information in the post-neoadjuvant setting of ESCC.
Pwp1 regulates telomere length by stabilizing shelterin complex and maintaining histone H4K20 trimethylation
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Jia Wenwen , Lyu Yao , Su Dingwen , Bai Mingliang , Shen Junwei , Qiao Jing , Han Tong , Liu Wenqiang , Chen Jiayu , Chen Wen , Ye Dan , Guo Xudong , Zhu Songcheng , Xi Jiajie , Zhu Ruixin , Wan Xiaoping , Gao Shaorong , Zhu Jiyue , Kang Jiuhong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTelomere maintenance is critical for chromosome stability. Here we report that periodic tryptophan protein 1 (PWP1) is involved in regulating telomere length homeostasis. Pwp1 appears to be essential for mouse development and embryonic stem cell (ESC) survival, as homozygous Pwp1-knockout mice and ESCs have never been obtained. Heterozygous Pwp1-knockout mice had shorter telomeres and decreased reproductive capacity. Pwp1 depletion induced rapid telomere shortening accompanied by reduced shelterin complex and increased DNA damage in telomeric regions. Mechanistically, PWP1 bound and stabilized the shelterin complex via its WD40 domains and regulated the overall level of H4K20me3. The rescue of telomere length in Pwp1-deficient cells by PWP1 overexpression depended on SUV4-20H2 co-expression and increased H4K20me3. Therefore, our study revealed a novel protein involved in telomere homeostasis in both mouse and human cells. This knowledge will improve our understanding of how chromatin structure and histone modifications are involved in maintaining telomere integrity.
Solar and wind energy enhances drought resilience and groundwater sustainability
Authors: He Xiaogang , Feng Kairui , Li Xiaoyuan , Craft Amy B. , Wada Yoshihide , Burek Peter , Wood Eric F. , Sheffield Justin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWater scarcity brings tremendous challenges to achieving sustainable development of water resources, food, and energy security, as these sectors are often in competition, especially during drought. Overcoming these challenges requires balancing trade-offs between sectors and improving resilience to drought impacts. An under-appreciated factor in managing the water-food-energy (WFE) nexus is the increased value of solar and wind energy (SWE). Here we develop a trade-off frontier framework to quantify the water sustainability value of SWE through a case study in California. We identify development pathways that optimize the economic value of water in competition for energy and food production while ensuring sustainable use of groundwater. Our results indicate that in the long term, SWE penetration creates beneficial feedback for the WFE nexus: SWE enhances drought resilience and benefits groundwater sustainability, and in turn, maintaining groundwater at a sustainable level increases the added value of SWE to energy and food production.
Evolving perspectives on the sources of the frequency-following response
Authors: Coffey Emily B. J. , Nicol Trent , White-Schwoch Travis , Chandrasekaran Bharath , Krizman Jennifer , Skoe Erika , Zatorre Robert J. , Kraus Nina 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe auditory frequency-following response (FFR) is a non-invasive index of the fidelity of sound encoding in the brain, and is used to study the integrity, plasticity, and behavioral relevance of the neural encoding of sound. In this Perspective, we review recent evidence suggesting that, in humans, the FFR arises from multiple cortical and subcortical sources, not just subcortically as previously believed, and we illustrate how the FFR to complex sounds can enhance the wider field of auditory neuroscience. Far from being of use only to study basic auditory processes, the FFR is an uncommonly multifaceted response yielding a wealth of information, with much yet to be tapped.
EGFL9 promotes breast cancer metastasis by inducing cMET activation and metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Meng Fanyan , Wu Ling , Dong Lun , Mitchell Allison V. , James Block C. , Liu Jenney , Zhang Haijun , Lu Qing , Song Won-min , Zhang Bin , Chen Wei , Hu Jiani , Wang Jian , Yang Qifeng , Hüttemann Maik , Wu Guojun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms driving metastatic progression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that epidermal growth factor-like 9 (EGFL9) is significantly upregulated in basal-like breast cancer cells and associated with metastatic progression in breast tumor samples. Functionally, EGFL9 is both necessary and sufficient to enhance cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as distant metastasis. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that EGFL9 binds cMET, activating cMET-mediated downstream signaling. EGFL9 and cMET co-localize at both the cell membrane and within the mitochondria. We further identify an interaction between EGFL9 and the cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly factor COA3. Consequently, EGFL9 regulates COX activity and modulates cell metabolism, promoting a Warburg-like metabolic phenotype. Finally, we show that combined pharmacological inhibition of cMET and glycolysis reverses EGFL9-driven stemness. Our results identify EGFL9 as a therapeutic target for combating metastatic progression in TNBC.
Reprioritization of biofilm metabolism is associated with nutrient adaptation and long-term survival of Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Harrison Alistair , Hardison Rachael L. , Wallace Rachel M. , Fitch James , Heimlich Derek R. , Bryan Meghan O’ , Dubois Laura , John-Williams Lisa St. , Sebra Robert P. , White Peter , Moseley M. Arthur , Thompson J. Will , Justice Sheryl S. , Mason Kevin M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is a human-restricted pathogen with an essential requirement for heme–iron acquisition. We previously demonstrated that microevolution of NTHI promotes stationary phase survival in response to transient heme–iron restriction. In this study, we examine the metabolic contributions to biofilm formation using this evolved NTHI strain, RM33. Quantitative analyses identified 29 proteins, 55 transcripts, and 31 metabolites that significantly changed within in vitro biofilms formed by RM33. The synthesis of all enzymes within the tryptophan and glycogen pathways was significantly increased in biofilms formed by RM33 compared with the parental strain. In addition, increases were observed in metabolite transport, adhesin production, and DNA metabolism. Furthermore, we observed pyruvate as a pivotal point in the metabolic pathways associated with changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity during biofilm formation. Taken together, changes in central metabolism combined with increased stores of nutrients may serve to counterbalance nutrient sequestration.
Multiple intertwined pairing states and temperature-sensitive gap anisotropy for superconductivity at a nematic quantum-critical point
Authors: Klein Avraham , Wu Yi-Ming , Chubukov Andrey V. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe proximity of many strongly correlated superconductors to density-wave or nematic order has led to an extensive search for fingerprints of pairing mediated by dynamical quantum-critical (QC) fluctuations of the corresponding order parameter. Here we study anisotropic s-wave superconductivity induced by anisotropic QC dynamical nematic fluctuations. We solve the non-linear gap equation for the pairing gap $$\Delta (\theta ,{\omega }_{m})$$

Δ

(

θ
,

ω

m

)

and show that its angular dependence strongly varies below $${T}_{{\rm{c}}}$$

T

c

. We show that this variation is a signature of QC pairing and comes about because there are multiple s-wave pairing instabilities with closely spaced transition temperatures $${T}_{{\rm{c}},n}$$

T

c
,
n

. Taken alone, each instability would produce a gap $$\Delta (\theta ,{\omega }_{m})$$

Δ

(

θ
,

ω

m

)

that changes sign $$8n$$

8
n

times along the Fermi surface. We show that the equilibrium gap $$\Delta (\theta ,{\omega }_{m})$$

Δ
(
θ
,

ω

m

)

is a superposition of multiple components that are nonlinearly induced below the actual $${T}_{{\rm{c}}}={T}_{{\rm{c}},0}$$

T

c

=

T

c
,
0

, and get resonantly enhanced at $$T={T}_{{\rm{c}},n}\ <\ {T}_{{\rm{c}}}$$

T
=

T

c
,
n

<

T

c

. This gives rise to strong temperature variation of the angular dependence of $$\Delta (\theta ,{\omega }_{m})$$

Δ

(

θ
,

ω

m

)

. This variation progressively disappears away from a QC point.
CD109 acts as a gatekeeper of the epithelial trait by suppressing epithelial to mesenchymal transition in squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Zhou Shufeng , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Siegel Peter M. , Philip Anie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the expression of CD109, a GPI-anchored cell surface protein is dysregulated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the functional role of CD109 in SCC progression is poorly understood. In current study, we demonstrate that CD109 is a critical regulator of epithelial phenotype in SSC cells. CD109 levels inversely correlate with TGF-β signaling, EMT, migration, and invasion in cultured SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout CD109 (CD109 KO) in SCC cells represses epithelial traits and promotes the mesenchymal phenotype, as evidenced by elevated expression of mesenchymal proteins and markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Treatment with recombinant CD109 protein causes CD109 KO cells to regain their epithelial traits. CD109 loss results in pronounced alterations of gene expression as detected by microarray analysis and in dysregulation of 15 important signalling pathways as shown by KEGG pathway cluster analysis. Validation using 52 human oral SCC tumor samples show that CD109 levels inversely correlate with tumor grade and the activation state of one such pathway, the TGF-β signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings highlight a novel role for CD109 as a gatekeeper of the epithelial phenotype by regulating TGF-β pathway in SCC cells.
Comparison of Familial Clustering of Anogenital and Skin Cancers Between In Situ and Invasive Types
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Hemminki Otto , Zheng Guoqiao , Försti Asta , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Hemminki Kari 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiterature on familial risk of carcinomasin situ(CISs) is limited because many cancer registries do not collect information on CIS. In Sweden CISs are collected, and we used these data to analyze familial relative risks (RRs) for concordant (CIS-CIS) types of anogenital (cervical, other female and male genital and anal) and skin squamous cell CIS; additionally RRs were assessed between CIS types and between CIS and invasive forms. RRs were calculated for the offspring generations when family members were diagnosed CIS. Case numbers for CIS ranged from 330 in anal to 177,285 in cervical CIS. Significant concordant CIS-CIS RRs were 2.74 for female genital, 1.77 for cervical and 2.29 for SCC skin CISs. The CIS forms associated also with each other, except for cervical and skin CIS types. RRs for concordant CIS-invasive cancer associations were lower than CIS-CIS associations. Cervical CIS associated with non-Hodgkin CIS which may suggest immune dysfunction as a contributing factors. The results for anogenital CIS types suggest that life style related human papilloma virus infections contributed to the observed familial associations. Lower risks for CIS-invasive cancer than CIS-CIS suggest that CIS and invasive cancers share only partially risk factors that underlie familial clustering.