bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging Effects and Test–Retest Reliability of Inhibitory Control for Saccadic Eye Movements
Authors: Płomecka Martyna Beata , Barańczuk-Turska Zofia , Pfeiffer Christian , Langer Nicolas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNeuropsychological studies indicate that healthy aging is associated with a decline of inhibitory control of attentional and behavioral systems. A widely accepted measure of inhibitory control is the antisaccade task that requires both the inhibition of a reflexive saccadic response toward a visual target and the initiation of a voluntary eye movement in the opposite direction. To better understand the nature of age-related differences in inhibitory control, we evaluated antisaccade task performance in 78 younger (20–35 years) and 78 older (60–80 years) participants. In order to provide reliable estimates of inhibitory control for individual subjects, we investigated test–retest reliability of the reaction time, error rate, saccadic gain, and peak saccadic velocity and further estimated latent, not directly observable processed contributing to changes in the antisaccade task execution. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for an older group of participants emerged as good to excellent for most of our antisaccade task measures. Furthermore, using Bayesian multivariate models, we inspected age-related differences in the performances of healthy younger and older participants. The older group demonstrated higher error rates, longer reaction times, significantly more inhibition failures, and late prosaccades as compared with young adults. The consequently lower ability of older adults to voluntarily inhibit saccadic responses has been interpreted as an indicator of age-related inhibitory control decline. Additionally, we performed a Bayesian model comparison of used computational models and concluded that the Stochastic Early Reaction, Inhibition and Late Action (SERIA) model explains our data better than PRO-Stop-Antisaccade (PROSA) that does not incorporate a late decision process.
Valores gasométricos en población adulta y adulta mayor residente de gran altitud
Authors: Calderón Gerstein Walter , López Martínez Olivia 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. Los valores de gases arteriales y electrolitos sufren modificaciones en la altura, las que pueden alterar la evaluación diagnóstica y pronóstica de ciertas enfermedades. Objetivos. Determinar los valores de gases arteriales y electrolitos en pobladores adultos y adultos mayores sanos que viven en gran altitud. Métodos. Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, realizado en una población de adultos y adultos mayores, sanos, voluntarios, en el Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé de EsSalud, Huancayo, ciudad localizada a 3250 metros sobre nivel del mar, cuya presión barométrica es de 515 mmHg, a quienes se le tomó muestras de sangre arterial, las cuales se procesaron en el analizador de gases arteriales Roche Omni C. Las variables fueron analizadas con ANOVA y los análisis estadísticos con Excel y SPSS. Resultados. Fueron evaluadas 105 personas de 30 a 87 años. El promedio de las variables analizadas fue: hemoglobina 15,46 ± 2, presión arterial de oxigeno 59,27 ± 6,9, saturación de hemoglobina 91,7 ± 3,2, pH 7,46 ± 0,28, presión arterial de CO2 28,68 ± 4,15, bicarbonato 20,54 ± 2,86, sodio 143,43 ± 5,6, potasio 3,56 ± 0,5 mEq/L. Por cada año de vida, el PaO2 disminuyó en 0,556 mmHg, la saturación de oxígeno en 0,484%, y el pO2/FiO2 en 0,556. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos demuestran que en altura existe variación tanto de gases arteriales como de electrolitos, los cuales se acentúan con la edad y deberían ser considerados para el manejo de pacientes por encima de los 3000 msnm.
Aspectos fotoquímicos y actividad cicatrizante de Senecio Culcitoides Weed
Authors: Soriano S. Marcela Y. , Bonilla R. Pablo E. , Arroyo A. Jorge L. , Pereyra Sonia 
Published: September 2020

La especie vegetal en estudio fué ubicada y recolectada en el mes de Febrero en la localidad de Ticlio situada entre 4500 a 5000 m.s.n.m. a la altura del km 130 de la carretera central, en la zona de sierra del departamento de Lima. Fué clasificada en el Museo de Historia Natural como: Senecio culcitoides Weed, de nombre vulgar: Huira-Huira, Huajchor, Semaro-Huamasti (1), para la extracción de los metabolitos secundarios se realizó maceración etanólica de hojas de Senecio culcitoides Weed continuándose con ensayos de solubilidad y el screening fitoquímico respectivo, encontrándose mayor cantidad de compuestos fenolicos, como flavonoides, taninos, etc, además de alcaloides, esteroides y/o triterpenoides. La elucidación estructural mediante espectroscopía ultravioleta - visible, determinó que pertenecían a compuestos fenólicos tipo flavonoides derivados del núcleo flavanonona (5,7 - dihidroxi-4',6,8-trimetoxiflavanonona; 3',5 -dihidroxi-4'-metoxi-7-0-rhannoglucosyl flavanonona) y una chalcona (3,4- dihidroxichalcona). La evaluación de la actividad cicatrizante del extracto al 20 % en forma de crema fue de acuerdo al método tensiométrico, estadísticamente, se observó que los niveles de resistencia a la tensión del extracto etanólico del Senecio culcitoides Weed presentó una diferencia significativa de P<0.05 al compararse con el control que es la crema base cetiol lanette 6% y como standard el farmaco "vibe" o sangre de grado al 1%, resultados que fueron corraborados con los respectivos cortes histológicos.
Identificación morfológica, morfométrica y molecular de Meloidogyne exigua (Göeldi 1887) en café (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Artavia-Carmona Roy , Peraza-Padilla Walter 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. El género Meloidogyne contiene muchas especies y el diagnóstico correcto de estas debe basarse en el uso de múltiples herramientas, mismas que en laboratorios de diagnóstico permiten una evaluación correcta y confiable, especialmente cuando podría tratarse de nematodos cuarentenarios. La identificación adecuada de un fitonematodo es importante no solo para establecer una apropiada estrategia de control, sino que también para evitar su diseminación a otras áreas donde podría provocar daños que se traducirían en pérdidas económicas. Objetivo. Realizar estudios taxonómicos y moleculares para confirmar la especie de Meloidogyne, asociada a una plantación de café en la localidad de San Pedro de Barva, Heredia. Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron muestras de suelo y raíz en una plantación de café ubicada en Barva, Heredia, Costa Rica, las cuales se procesaron en el laboratorio de Nematología de la Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional (UNA), por el método centrifugación-flotación en solución azucarada y técnicas moleculares. Resultados. En promedio se contabilizaron 30 J2 en 100 cc-1 en suelo y 1000 J2 en 10 g-1 de raíces del nematodo agallador. Tanto las técnicas taxonómicas como moleculares permitieron identificar que las hembras y juveniles extraídos de raíces de café correspondieron a Meloidogyne exigua. El análisis de las secuencias generadas mediante PCR y el uso de la enzima Dral confirmaron la identidad de la especie con un 99 % de similitud al compararla con secuencias de Costa Rica y Nicaragua, reportadas en el Genbank. Conclusión. Mediante el uso de diferentes técnicas morfométricas y moleculares se identificó a M. exigua asociada a una plantación de café.
Análisis de la competitividad de la porcicultura en Tejupilco y Luvianos, México (2006-2018)
Authors: Hernández-Martínez Juvencio , Rodríguez-Licea Gabriela , Gómez-Tenorio Germán , Guzmán-Soria Eugenio , Rebollar-Rebollar Eulogio , Rebollar-Rebollar Samuel 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. La producción de carne de cerdo en canal en México, ocupó el tercer lugar dentro de la producción de carnes después de la carne de bovino y de aves; el volumen producido de carne de este tipo no ha sido suficiente para cubrir el consumo nacional y disminuir las importaciones. Objetivo. Analizar la evolución de los costos, de la rentabilidad y competitividad de la producción porcina en las regiones de Tejupilco y Luvianos, ubicados en el Sur del Estado de México. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó con información proveniente de cuarenta productores de traspatio y una tecnificada; la metodología utilizada fue la Matriz de Análisis de Política, con la que se elaboraron las matrices de coeficientes técnicos y de los precios de los insumos y del producto, con la que obtuvieron las matrices de presupuesto privado. Resultados. Las rentabilidades privadas (RP) se ubicaron en 26 % para las de traspatio y en 43 % para la tecnificada, mientras que la relación de costo privado (RCP) fue de 0,35 para las de traspatio y de 0,17 para la tecnificada, con lo que se observó una mayor competitividad en esta última. Conclusión. Los indicadores señalan que en 2018, éstos dos tipos de explotaciones porcícolas fueron rentables y competitivos en relación a los obtenidos en 2006, debido principalmente a movimientos en términos constantes de los costos de los insumos, que descendieron y al aumento en el precio del cerdo en pie, lo que contribuyó a que estos productores realizaran acciones tendientes a ser más productivos y eficientes.
Ventilación natural en invernadero con mallas anti-insecto evaluadas con un modelo computacional de fluidos
Authors: Villagran Edwin Andrés , Jaramillo Jorge Eliecer , León-Pacheco Rommel Igor 
Published: September 2020

Introducción. En Colombia, la producción hortícola en el trópico bajo es limitada principalmente por factores bióticos como el ataque de plagas, patógenos y factores abióticos como valores extremos de temperatura, radiación solar, viento y precipitación. Objetivo. Evaluar dos tipos de mallas anti-insecto en las áreas de ventilación de un invernadero colombiano ventilado de formado natural con el fin de analizar el efecto sobre las tasas de ventilación y el microclima generado. Materiales y métodos. El Estudio se desarrolló en el año 2019 en el departamento de Magdalena, Colombia. El enfoque metodológico incluyó el uso de modelo computacional de fluidos (CFD) 2-D para el desarrollo de quince simulaciones en estado estacionario, el modelo CFD fue validado experimentalmente en el prototipo del invernadero real evaluado. Resultados. Los parámetros de bondad de ajuste entre los datos medidos y simulados mostraron valores de error medio absoluto (MAE) y la raíz del error cuadrático medio (RMSE) para la temperatura y la humedad relativa de 0,15 y 0,32 °C, 2,41 y 2,73 %, respectivamente. Hubo una reducción promedio de las tasas de ventilación entre 55,3 y 77,1 % en comparación con el escenario de referencia que no incluyó la presencia de mallas anti-insecto, esta reducción generó modificaciones en el comportamiento de las variables temperatura y humedad relativa en el interior del invernadero, con una marcada distribución espacial heterogénea. Conclusión. Las condiciones micro climáticas más inadecuadas se presentaron en escenarios de baja velocidad de viento exterior, por lo tanto, es recomendable seleccionar e implementar algún tipo de malla anti-insecto en las áreas de ventilación de un invernadero basado en el comportamiento local de esta variable.
Quality of raw milk in the highland tropics of Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Tobar-Delgado Magaly Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Bautista José Luis , Patiño-Burbano Rocio Esperanza , Argote-Vega Francisco Emilio , Castro-Rincón Edwin , Mogollón-García Henry David 
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The production and commercialization of raw milk in Nariño, Colombia, follows microbiological and compositional standards on which payment for quality is made. However, quality can be affected during its transport after milking. Objective. To describe the microbiological and compositional quality of raw milk in the highland tropic. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in seven municipalities in the department of Nariño, Colombia, during the rainy season between February and July of 2017. Two milk samples from the same milk can were collected, one after milking (farm; n = 10), and the second at the collection point (tank; n = 10). In each sample, the following variables were evaluated: height above the sea level of the collection site, aerobic mesophilic count (CFU), total coliform count (COL), milk temperature, fat (FAT), protein (PC) and total solids (TS). Results. The temperature of the milk was higher on the farm compared to the tank (30±0.68 vs. 23±0.87 °C, respectively). The aerobic mesophilic count was higher in the tank vs. farm (116,470 vs. 41,388 CFU ml-1, respectively). The temperature of the milk was negatively correlated with the distance and the transport time of the milk (-0.86 and -0.84, respectively). The compositional quality of the milk was not affected by transport conditions. Conclusion. In the high tropic conditions, the microbiological quality of raw milk was negatively affected by the increase in the aerobic mesophilic counts.
End-of-Life Care among US Adults with ESKD Who Were Waitlisted or Received a Kidney Transplant, 2005–2014
Authors: Butler Catherine R. , Reese Peter P. , Perkins James D. , Hall Yoshio N. , Curtis J. Randall , Kurella Tamura Manjula , O'Hare Ann M. 
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement
For patients with ESKD, hoping for or receiving a kidney transplant can shape prognostic expectations and care processes. In this manuscript, the authors describe more intensive, inpatient-oriented patterns of end-of-life care for patients with ESKD who had been waitlisted for a kidney transplant or received a transplant, compared with other patients with ESKD. Patients who died while on the transplant waitlist were also less likely to have received hospice services and less likely to have discontinued dialysis before death. Because there are powerful defaults favoring use of aggressive interventions to prolong life in most health systems in the United States, these findings suggest that the broad relevance of advance care planning for patients with ESKD extends to the relatively healthy segment of this population that has engaged in the transplant process.

Background
The care of patients in the United States who have ESKD is often shaped by their hopes and prognostic expectations related to kidney transplant. Little is known about how patients’ engagement in the transplant process might relate to patterns of end-of-life care.

Methods
We compared six measures of intensity of end-of-life care among adults in the United States with ESKD who died between 2005 and 2014 after experiencing differing exposure to the kidney transplant process.

Results
Of 567,832 decedents with ESKD, 27,633 (5%) had a functioning kidney transplant at the time of death, 14,653 (3%) had a failed transplant, 16,490 (3%) had been removed from the deceased donor waitlist, 17,010 (3%) were inactive on the waitlist, 11,529 (2%) were active on the waitlist, and 480,517 (85%) had never been waitlisted for or received a transplant (reference group). In adjusted analyses, compared with the reference group, patients exposed to the transplant process were significantly more likely to have been admitted to an intensive care unit and to have received an intensive procedure in the last 30 days of life; they were also significantly more likely to have died in the hospital. Those who died on the transplant waitlist were also less likely than those in the reference group to have been enrolled in hospice and to have discontinued dialysis before death.

Conclusions
Patients who had engaged in the kidney transplant process received more intensive patterns of end-of-life care than other patients with ESKD. These findings support the relevance of advance care planning, even for this relatively healthy segment of the ESKD population.
Death after Kidney Transplantation: An Analysis by Era and Time Post-Transplant
Authors: Ying Tracey , Shi Bree , Kelly Patrick J. , Pilmore Helen , Clayton Philip A. , Chadban Steven J. 
Published: September 2020

Significance Statement
Given that the annual number of kidney transplants and the number of recipients living with a kidney transplant continue to rise, a contemporary assessment of trends in post-transplant mortality is urgently required. The authors’ analyses show that, despite changes in recipient profiles that confer increased risks of mortality, risks of death progressively declined over the past 40 years at all time points after transplantation, including after graft failure. Incidences of death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infection have all declined. Relatively greater reductions in cardiovascular death mean that cancer deaths now match cardiovascular deaths beyond the first post-transplant year in those with a functioning graft. This indicates that clinicians should focus on preventing death from cardiovascular disease and infections early post-transplant, and cancer and cardiovascular disease at later time points.

Background
Mortality risk after kidney transplantation can vary significantly during the post-transplant course. A contemporary assessment of trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality at different periods post-transplant is required to better inform patients, clinicians, researchers, and policy makers.

Methods
We included all first kidney-only transplant recipients from 1980 through 2018 from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. We compared adjusted death rates per 5-year intervals, using a piecewise exponential survival model, stratified by time post-transplant or time post–graft failure.

Results
Of 23,210 recipients, 4765 died with a functioning graft. Risk of death declined over successive eras, at all periods post-transplant. Reductions in early deaths were most marked; however, recipients ≥10 years post-transplant were 20% less likely to die in the current era compared with preceding eras (2015–2018 versus 2005–2009, adjusted hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.90). In 2015–2018, cardiovascular disease was the most common cause of death, particularly in months 0–3 post-transplant (1.18 per 100 patient-years). Cancer deaths were rare early post-transplant, but frequent at later time points (0.93 per 100 patient-years ≥10 years post-transplant). Among 3657 patients with first graft loss, 2472 died and were not retransplanted. Death was common in the first year after graft failure, and the cause was most commonly cardiovascular (50%).

Conclusions
Reductions in death early and late post-transplant over the past 40 years represent a major achievement. Reductions in cause-specific mortality at all time points post-transplant are also apparent. However, relatively greater reductions in cardiovascular death have increased the prominence of late cancer deaths.
On the Role of Computer Software in Management of Financial Risks of Enterprises
Authors: Xie Xi 
Published: September 2020

<p>With the rapid development of China’s economy, the market environment and economic environment are becoming increasingly complex, along with the increasing financial risks faced by Chinese enterprises. As financial risks are the key factors affecting the development of enterprises, enterprises should pay close attention to them in their daily management, and analyze and control the financial risks in real time, so as to lay foundation for the sustainable development of enterprises. This article mainly introduces the role of computer software in management of financial risks of enterprises. Through analyzing the problems existed, this article puts forward some corresponding solutions.</p>
Surgical Scoliosis Correction in Chiari-I Malformation with Syringomyelia Versus Idiopathic Syringomyelia
Authors: Tan Haining , Lin Youxi , Rong Tianhua , Shen Jianxiong , Zhang Jianguo , Feng Erwei , Jiao Yang , Liang Jinqian , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Both patients with Chiari-I malformation (CIM) with syringomyelia and those with idiopathic syringomyelia (ISm) have a syrinx and can have scoliosis as well. However, there is no literature regarding differences between CIM and ISm in terms of radiographic outcomes and surgical complications after posterior fusion, to our knowledge. The aim of the present study was to compare radiographic features, clinical outcomes, and surgical complications after posterior spinal fusion between patients with CIM-associated scoliosis and those with ISm-associated scoliosis.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-one patients with scoliosis secondary to CIM were enrolled and matched by sex, age, and the Cobb angle of the scoliotic curve with 21 patients with scoliosis secondary to ISm. All patients underwent 1-stage posterior fusion surgery. Coronal and sagittal radiographic parameters were evaluated before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the final follow-up (at least 2 years). We also collected data regarding syringeal features, neurological deficits, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and complications.

Results:
Sex, age, preoperative coronal/sagittal scoliosis parameters, and neurological deficits were similar between the matched CIM and ISm groups. On average, the CIM group had a longer syrinx (12.3 ± 3.6 versus 8.9 ± 4.5 vertebral levels, p = 0.010) than the ISm group. The CIM and ISm groups showed similar correction rates for primary curves (70.9% ± 10.6% versus 69.5% ± 16.3%, p = 0.739). There were no significant differences in coronal/sagittal correction, intraoperative neuromonitoring abnormalities, surgical complications, or Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire scores between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
Despite matched demographic and scoliotic coronal parameters, patients with CIM had longer syrinxes compared with patients with ISm. One-stage posterior fusion achieved comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes for both CIM- and ISm-associated scoliosis without significant differences in neurological complications.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Peranan Komunikasi dalam Organisasi: Studi Tentang Pola Komunikasi Atasan dengan Bawahan pada STAIN Samarinda
Authors: Duraesa M. Abzar 
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini difokuskan terhadap pola-pola komunikasi pada Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN) Samarinda menarik untuk dilakukan. Bahkan bisa dikatakan mendesak untuk dilakukan penelitian ini, manakala nantinya ditemukan indikator yang mengarah pada sikap acuh tak acuh, ataupun penurunan kinerja pada karyawan dan dosen STAIN yang diakibatkan oleh dampak dari penerapan pola komunikasi tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pola komunikasi pimpinan dengan bawahan serta mengetahui peluang dan tantangan komunikasi pimpinan dengan bawahan di STAIN Samarinda. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, maka dapat diketahui bahwa pola komunikasi yang berlangsung di STAIN Samarinda ada 3 (tiga) bentuk; pertama, bersifat Downward Communication artinya; komunikasi dari atasan kepada bawahan; kedua, bersifat Unward Communication artinya dari bawahan kepada atasan; dan ketiga, bersifat horizontal, yaitu komunikasi antar unit dalam jajaran STAIN Samarinda. Adapun faktor yang mendukung berjalannya komunikasi di STAIN.