bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous metaplastic synovial cyst in Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Fernandez‐Flores Angel , Barja‐Lopez Juan M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClassic Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by laxity. The skin, as one of the organs involved, shows hyperextensibility, which makes it prone to trauma. In this context, it would seem logical for cutaneous synovial metaplasia, which is considered a form of repair, to be commonly found in cases of EDS. However, there are only two previously published cases of synovial metaplasia in EDS. We present a third case in a 56‐year‐old woman with painful redundant skin in both elbows and knees for whom a skin fold of the left elbow was removed to relieve her symptoms. The biopsy showed preservation of the elastic and collagen fibers. The main alteration was the evidence of dermal cystic spaces lined by fibrinoid rests with focal pseudopapillary projections. However, in some zones the cellular lining was preserved, and it was composed of vimentin‐positive, fibroblast‐like flat, elongated cells, as well as CD68‐positive macrophages. No birefringent particles were found in an examination under polarized light.
The spectrum of the cytopathological features of primary effusion lymphoma and human herpes virus 8‐related lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Verga Luisa , Leni Davide , Cazzaniga Giorgio , Crosta Simona , Seminati Davide , Rossi Marianna , L'Imperio Vincenzo , Pagni Fabio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionHuman herpes virus 8‐related lymphoproliferative disorders are a complex and heterogeneous group of entities and some of them are eminently diagnosed by cytopathology. In a routine laboratory, these lesions account for less than 1% of the effusion fluids samples. However, they represent up to 30% of all the lymphoma diagnosis from effusion cytological samples and their consideration in the diagnostic flow chart is mandatory, especially in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients.MethodsA retrospective series of cytological specimens from cavity effusions (n = 605) were analysed. Five human herpes virus 8‐related lymphoproliferative processes were recruited. A combination of morphological criteria (enhanced with May‐Grünwald Giemsa staining), cell block‐based immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry were undertaken for final characterisation.ResultsThe identification of malignant cells may be difficult. Some specimens are particularly rich, easily leading to suspect a lymphoproliferative process, whereas in other cases, the presence of abundant reactive mesothelial cells, histiocytes, neutrophils, small reactive T and B lymphocytes may obscure the neoplastic process. The biological behaviour may be very heterogeneous and a standardised therapy for these cases is still lacking, although some patients may benefit from antiretroviral therapy in a human immunodeficiency virus setting.ConclusionsThe present case series highlights some characteristic findings of these entities to reaffirm useful cytopathological diagnostic criteria, stressing the crucial role of the appropriate technical processing of effusion fluids to obtain the best performances.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the diagnostic and therapeutic yield of small bowel endoscopy in patients with overt small bowel bleeding
Authors: Uchida Genta , Nakamura Masanao , Yamamura Takeshi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Kawashima Hiroki , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundSmall bowel endoscopy, including small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and balloon‐assisted endoscopy (BAE), is useful for small bowel bleeding (SBB) assessment. However, the specific management strategy for overt SBB is not well established. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the pooled diagnostic yields (DYs) and therapeutic yields (TYs) of small bowel endoscopy in overt SBB and to determine the optimal endoscopy timing.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed of studies examining the DY and/or TY of small bowel endoscopy in overt SBB. Data on the DY, TY, and timing of small bowel endoscopy were extracted, pooled, and analyzed. The pooled DY and TY of small bowel endoscopy for patients with overt SBB were calculated. Meta‐regression and subgroup analysis were performed.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were included. The pooled DY was 65.2% and 74.0% for SBCE and BAE, respectively. The pooled TY of SBCE and BAE was 55.9% and 35.8%, respectively. A meta‐regression model showed that the timing of endoscopy was significantly associated with the DY of BAE and the TY of SBCE and BAE.ConclusionsSmall bowel capsule endoscopy and BAE would be useful diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in overt SBB. According to the subgroup analysis, in which the TY seemed to be higher within 2 days after bleeding for SBCE and BAE, the optimal timing of endoscopy would be within 2 days.
Evolution of wing pigmentation in Drosophila: Diversity, physiological regulation, and cis‐regulatory evolution
Authors: Koshikawa Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFruit flies (Drosophila and its close relatives, or “drosophilids”) are a group that includes an important model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, and also very diverse species distributed worldwide. Many of these species have black or brown pigmentation patterns on their wings, and have been used as material for evo‐devo research. Pigmentation patterns are thought to have evolved rapidly compared with body plans or body shapes; hence they are advantageous model systems for studying evolutionary gains of traits and parallel evolution. Various groups of drosophilids, including genus Idiomyia (Hawaiian Drosophila), have a variety of pigmentations, ranging from simple black pigmentations around crossveins to a single antero‐distal spot and a more complex mottled pattern. Pigmentation patterns are sometimes obviously used for sexual displays; however, in some cases they may have other functions. The process of wing formation in Drosophila, the general mechanism of pigmentation formation, and the transport of substances necessary for pigmentation, including melanin precursors, through wing veins are summarized here. Lastly, the evolution of the expression of genes regulating pigmentation patterns, the role of cis‐regulatory regions, and the conditions required for the evolutionary emergence of pigmentation patterns are discussed. Future prospects for research on the evolution of wing pigmentation pattern formation in drosophilids are presented, particularly from the point of view of how they compare with other studies of the evolution of new traits.
Fly disturbance suppresses aphid population growth
Authors: Jensen Kim , Toft Søren 
Published: March 2020

1. The presence of predators is known to suppress prey populations not only by consumptive but also by non‐consumptive effects, as it stresses the prey inducing costly changes to behaviour and physiology. However, there is recent evidence that disturbance from non‐predacious, non‐competing commensals can also negatively affect herbivore performance.2. Populations of cherry‐oat aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) were initiated with adult aphids in mesocosms containing seedling wheat grass. Following aphid establishment, fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen) were added at a relatively high density to half of the mesocosms and the aphids were left for another 5 days to reproduce. The experiment was performed over two blocks at 24 ± 4 °C. It was hypothesized that a relatively high density of commensals would stress the aphids and reduce their fitness, causing lower population growth and resulting in lower population sizes.3. Aphid numbers were significantly lower in mesocosms with commensal flies after 5 days of fly presence across the two experimental blocks, documenting that fly disturbance suppresses aphid fitness and population growth.4. The negative effect of fruit flies on aphid population growth must have come from the disturbance that flies imposed on the aphids in their search for food, indicating that the flies stressed the aphids. Thus, our study indicates that commensals may stress herbivores that do not distinguish between enemies and other active species in their environment, adding in the overall herbivore top‐down control through fitness costs.
In‐vivo signatures of neurodegeneration in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Carli G. , Caminiti S. P. , Galbiati A. , Marelli S. , Casoni F. , Padovani A. , Ferini‐Strambi L. , Perani D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeIsolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a parasomnia, recently recognized as a risk factor for progression to Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy body and multiple system atrophy. Biomarker studies in iRBD are relevant due to lack of evidence in this condition. The identification of biomarkers able to predict progression to synucleinopathy diseases is critical for iRBD. Fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) imaging might provide information about ongoing neurodegenerative processes. In the present study, we tested for presence of brain hypometabolism patterns as biomarkers of neurodegeneration in single iRBD individuals.MethodsWe recruited 37 subjects with polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD, with neuropsychological assessment and available FDG‐PET scan. Images were analysed with a validated statistical parametric mapping procedure, providing individual hypometabolism maps.ResultsAccording to the neuropsychological evaluation, 22 subjects with iRBD had normal cognition and 15 subjects showed impairments, particularly in visuoperceptive/visuospatial and memory domains. One‐fifth of the cases were impaired on the Qualitative Scoring of Pentagon Test. In 32 iRBD cases, FDG‐PET statistical parametric maps revealed significant cerebral hypometabolism, namely in the occipital lobes (n = 5), occipital and cerebellar regions (n = 13), occipitoparietal regions (n = 13) and a selective cerebellar hypometabolism (n = 1). Five cases had normal FDG‐PET scans.ConclusionsThese imaging findings indicate that brain neurodegenerative processes are present and already detectable in iRBD. The different hypometabolism patterns in the single individuals may reflect specific early pathophysiological events due to the underlying synucleinopathy, with a specific neural vulnerability for the occipital cortex that might pre‐date a risk of progression towards dementia with Lewy body.
MicroRNA‐379 mediates pigmentation, migration and proliferation of melanocytes by targeting the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Junzhen , Hu Shixiong , Qi Shuhui , Jia Qiong , Yang Wanyun , Yang Shanshan , Ji Kaiyuan , Liu Xuexian , Dong Changsheng , Fan Ruiwen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMelanogenesis, migration and proliferation of melanocytes are important factors that determine the hair colours of mammals. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be closely related to these processes. In melanocytes of alpacas, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) has been shown to improve melanogenesis through the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway. miR‐379 was predicted to target insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) receptor 1 (IGF1R), which binds to IGF1. Therefore, we hypothesized that miR‐379 could mediate melanogenesis, migration and proliferation of melanocytes. Here, we report that miR‐379 was highly expressed in alpaca melanocytes. Subsequent overexpression of miR‐379 in alpaca melanocytes led to the generation of the phenotype of melanogenesis, proliferation and migration. In addition, the expression of genes related to these phenotypes in melanocytes was detected. Our results showed that miR‐379 targets IGF1R in melanocytes. The overexpression of miR‐379 stimulated dendrite extension or elongation and limited the perinuclear distribution of melanin, but inhibited melanogenesis via cAMP response element (CRE)‐binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway. miR‐379 attenuated melanocyte migration by downregulating the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and enhanced melanocyte proliferation by upregulating protein kinase B (AKT). These observations suggest the involvement of miR‐379 in the physiological regulation of melanocytes, mediated by targeting IGF1R on insulin receptor (IR) compensation and subsequent crosstalk.
Experimental study of the fatigue characteristics and reliability of continuous welded rails
Authors: Sarikavak Yasin , Takeuchi Takaki , Horiuchi Toshitaka , Goda Koichi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn recent years, joint types in railway superstructure have shifted to continuous welded rails (CWRs), which can be constructed by various welding techniques to form uninterrupted rails several kilometres long. Because of the numerous advantages of this method, CWR systems are highly preferred today for the construction of new railway lines. The increase in the number of trains in operation is inducing fatigue damages, linking to life‐threatening risks in the rails as well as in trains' wheels and axles. In this study, CWR specimens formed by the flash butt‐welding process are investigated. Specimens extracted from rail sections are subjected to four‐point bending fatigue tests to establish S–N curves under various loading levels. The surfaces of those specimens which fail are then investigated in detail in order to determine the initiation points of the failures. The findings provide experimental data on the dynamic life cycle of CWR and identify the failure mechanism of the CWR system.
Comparative analysis of prognostic histopathologic parameters in subtypes of epithelioid pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Bilecz Agnes , Stockhammer Paul , Theegarten Dirk , Kern Izidor , Jakopovic Marko , Samarzija Miroslav , Klikovits Thomas , Hoda Mir A , Döme Balázs , Oberndorfer Felicitas , Muellauer Leonhard , Fillinger János , Kovács Ildikó , Pirker Christine , Schuler Martin , Plönes Till , Aigner Clemens , Klepetko Walter , Berger Walter , Brcic Luka , Laszlo Viktória , Hegedus Balazs 
Published: March 2020

AimsMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy with a dismal prognosis. While the epithelioid type is associated with a more favourable outcome, additional factors are needed to further stratify prognosis and to identify patients who can benefit from multimodal treatment. As epithelioid MPM shows remarkable morphological variability, the prognostic role of the five defined morphologies, the impact of the nuclear grading system and the mitosis‐necrosis score were investigated in this study.Methods and resultsTumour specimens of 192 patients with epithelioid MPM from five European centres were histologically subtyped. Nuclear grading and mitosis–necrosis score were determined and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS). Digital slides of 55 independent cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were evaluated for external validation. Histological subtypes were collapsed into three groups based on their overlapping survival curves. The tubulopapillary/microcystic group had a significantly longer OS than the solid/trabecular group (732 days versus 397 days, P = 0.0013). Pleomorphic tumours had the shortest OS (173 days). The solid/trabecular variants showed a significant association with high nuclear grade and mitosis–necrosis score. The mitosis–necrosis score was a robust and independent prognostic factor in our patient cohort. The prognostic significance of all three parameters was externally validated in the TCGA cohort. Patients with tubulopapillary or microcystic tumours showed a greater improvement in OS after receiving multimodal therapy than those with solid or trabecular tumours.ConclusionsHistological subtypes of epithelioid MPM have a prognostic impact, and might help to select patients for intensive multimodal treatment approaches.
Hexanal as a marker of oxidation flavour in sliced and uncured deli turkey with and without phosphates using rosemary extracts
Authors: Bak Kathrine Holmgaard , Rankin Scott A. , Richards Mark P. 
Published: March 2020

SummaryAbility of commercial rosemary extracts (REs) alone and in combination with sodium tripolyphosphate (P) to inhibit lipid oxidation in uncured deli turkey (UDT) was examined via headspace hexanal and oxidation flavour. Sliced UDT was packaged (75% N2/25% CO2) and stored 13 weeks at 4 °C. Addition of P decreased hexanal 2.4‐fold (P < 0.05) and increased mean pH of UDT from 5.94 to 6.30 (P < 0.05). Addition of water/lipid‐soluble RE did not inhibit hexanal formation in UDT. Addition of water‐soluble RE decreased hexanal 2.2‐fold (P < 0.05). The combination of P and water‐soluble RE decreased hexanal 33‐fold (P < 0.05). The combination of P and water/lipid‐soluble RE decreased hexanal ninefold (P < 0.05). Oxidation flavour was highest in UDT without added antioxidant> RE> P> RE+P (P < 0.05). Hexanal values were positively correlated with oxidation flavour scores throughout storage (P < 0.05). The combination of P with either RE was particularly effective at inhibiting lipid oxidation in modified atmosphere packaged UDT.
Influence of surface orientation on the photochemical reactivity of CaTiO3
Authors: Zitello Kayla E. , Salvador Paul A. , Rohrer Gregory S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe orientations and surface structures of ferroelastic CaTiO3 crystals within a polycrystalline ceramic were measured by electron backscatter diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM) respectively. Surfaces annealed at 1250°C in air are made up of a combination of facets with orientations near {100}, {110}, and {111} (indexed with reference to the cubic perovskite cell). The samples were immersed in an aqueous AgNO3 solution and illuminated to photochemically reduce silver. Based on the amount of silver reduced on different surfaces, it was determined that surfaces with a {111} orientation had the greatest photocathodic reactivity, those with a {110} orientation had the least photocathodic reactivity, and surfaces with the {100} orientation had intermediate reactivity. While the {110} surfaces were essentially inert for photocathodic reduction, they were active for the photoanodic oxidation of Mn2+. Ferroelastic domains were observed to enhance and retard the photochemical reduction of silver on spatially alternating domains on 20% of the grains. However, domains had no influence on the reactivity of the other 80% and are therefore secondary to the surface orientation in determining the reactivity.
High‐performance molecular‐separation ceramic membranes derived from oxidative cross‐linked polytitanocarbosilane
Authors: Wang Qing , Yu Liang , Nagasawa Hiroki , Kanezashi Masakoto , Tsuru Toshinori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolytitanocarbosilane (TiPCS)‐derived ceramic membranes were fabricated using a pre‐ceramic polymer. Special attention was focused on a process of thermal‐oxidative curing that was used to induce cross‐linking and the effect of this process on the ceramic yield, thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and microstructure of TiPCS. The cross‐linked TiPCS powders showed a ceramic yield and thermal stability that were higher than that from the non‐cross‐linked version. In addition, the cross‐linked TiPCS with uniform micropores showed higher levels of N2 and CO2 adsorption capacity, BET surface area, and micropore volume than the non‐cross‐linked versions, and the cross‐linking process enhanced the stability of the pore structure at high temperature. The cross‐linked TiPCS membranes showed high H2 permeance (1.49 × 10−6 mol/(m2 s Pa)) with sub‐nanopores (H2/SF6 selectivity: 12 000, H2/N2: 10), and in addition higher oxidation resistance than their non‐cross‐linked counterparts. Furthermore, the influence of the concentration of the TiPCS precursor coating solution was optimized and the hydrothermal stability of the membranes at high temperatures was also evaluated. The optimized membrane demonstrated great performance for the pervaporation removal of methanol in binary azeotropic systems of either MeOH/butyl acetate or MeOH/toluene, and it also showed high hydrothermal stability with excellent dehumidification performance under high temperatures.
Treatment of keloids using 5‐fluorouracil in combination with crystalline triamcinolone acetonide suspension: evaluating therapeutic effects by using non‐invasive objective measures
Authors: Reinholz M. , Guertler A. , Schwaiger H. , Poetschke J. , Gauglitz G.G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntralesional 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in combination with triamcinolone acetonide (TAC) has been recommended as a promising alternative for keloids not responding to silicone‐based products, cryotherapy or intralesional corticosteroids alone. Although numerous studies support the efficacy of this regime, there is a lack of objective data.ObjectivesIn this study, we evaluate the therapeutic effect of four courses of intralesional 5‐FU in combination with TAC (3 : 1) utilizing 3D analysis (PRIMOS®pico), ultrasound and scar scales such as the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scales (POSAS) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).MethodsTwenty‐five patients with keloids were treated using 5‐FU and TAC every 4 weeks. Objective assessments were performed and the scar scales administered at baseline, as well as during consecutive visits at 1‐ and 12‐month follow‐up (FU). Routine laboratory tests were performed at baseline and at 1‐month FU.Results3D PRIMOS and ultrasound measurements revealed highly significant and stable reductions in height (baseline mean score: 4.0 ± 1.7 mm, 1‐month FU mean score: 1.5 ± 0.8 mm, 12‐month FU mean score: 1.8 ± 0.9 mm, P = <0.0001), volume (baseline mean score: 1,105 ± 911.5 mm3, 1‐month FU mean score: 416.1 ± 218.1 mm3, 12‐month FU mean sore: 431.2 ± 253.6 mm3, P = <0.0001, respectively) and penetration depth of keloids (relative reduction between baseline and 12‐month FU of 74.4%, P = <0.0001). The POSAS and DLQI scales confirmed significant objective and subjective improvements in scar appearance in all categories. The life quality associated with keloid appearance improved from a ‘moderate effect’ to a ‘small effect’ throughout the course of the study.ConclusionsResults of this study confirm the efficacy and safety of the combination of 5‐FU and TAC in keloids. Treatments were well tolerated and demonstrated stable results at 12‐month FU.
Opioid receptors expression in the skin of haemodialysis patients suffering from uraemic pruritus
Authors: Wieczorek A. , Krajewski P. , Kozioł‐Gałczyńska M. , Szepietowski J.C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundUraemic pruritus is a common symptom in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis (HD) treatment. Etiopathogenesis of uraemic pruritus is complex and not fully explained, but there are reports indicating a possible role of peripheral opioid system in its pathomechanism.ObjectivesThis study was undertaken to analyse the expression of mu‐ and kappa‐opioid receptors in the skin of HD patients with and without uraemic pruritus.MethodsForty patients suffering from chronic kidney disease, treated with haemodialysis (21 pruritic and 19 non‐pruritic), were included. The expression of mu‐ and kappa‐opioid receptors in their skin was evaluated with immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe significant (P < 0.02) decrease in kappa‐opioid receptor expression was shown in the skin of pruritic patients in comparison with the skin of those without itch (1.07 ± 0.62 and 1.66 ± 0.85, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between intensity of pruritus and expression of kappa‐opioid receptors (r = −0.63, P = 0.002). There was no difference in the expression of mu‐opioid receptor expression in the skin of pruritic and non‐pruritic HD patients.ConclusionsThis study indicates that changes in peripheral opioid system may play an important role in the uraemic itch pathogenesis and that future studies are necessary to fully understand this mechanism.