bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Short-Segment Internal Fixation with Intermediate Inclined-Angle polyaxial Screw at the Fractured Vertebra on the Treatment of Denis type B Thoracolumbar Fracture
Authors: xiong chengjie , Huang Biwang , Wei Tanjun , Kang Hui , Xu Feng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Short-segment internal fixation with intermediate straight-forward monoaxial screws (SSIF-SFM) and long-segment internal fixation (LSIF) are the tow major surgical options for thoracolumbar (TL) fracture. However, SS IF-SFM might not provide adequate support to the spine and LSIF is un necessarily extensive. SSIF with intermediate inclined-angle polyxial screw (SSIF-IAP) might offer an alternative solution for the treatment of TL fracture.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. 69 patients (47 males and 22 females; average 34.5 years) with Denis type B TL fracture who met the criteria for inclusion were enrolled. Sagittal Cobb’s angle (SCA), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), vertebral body index (VBI) and spinal canal encroachment (SCE) were measured and assessed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and oswestry disability index (ODI) were also evaluated.
Results: The average value of incision length, blood loss, duration of operation and hospital stay in the SSIF–IAP group and SSIF-SFM group were significantly decreased compared with those in the LSIF group. The AVBH and VBI in the SSIF-IAP group and LSIF group were significantly improved than those in the SSIF–SFM group at 6-month and the latest follow-ups (p < 0.05). The correction losses of AVBH and VBI (calculated by the reduction of AVBH and VBI) in the SSIF-IAP group and LSIF group were also significantly decreased compared with those in the SSIF–SFM group at 6-month and the latest follow-ups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of SCE among the three groups postoperatively. The VAS and ODI in the SSIF-IAP group and SSIF-SFM group were significantly decreased compared with those in the LSIF group at 6-month and the latest follow-ups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Both SSIF- IAP and LSIF can improve the biomechanical stability as compared with SSIF -SFM . Moreover, SSIF-IAP was an effective and reliable operative technique for patients with Denis type B TL fracture.
Effect of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2/Hydroxyapatite on Ankle Fusion with Bone Defect in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Dang Le Hoang Nam , Lee Kwang-Bok 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Revision ankle-fusion surgery after a failure of total ankle arthroplasty has a problem with bone-defect management by implant removal. For the reconstruction of bone defects, autogenous bone often causes minor and major complications. Recombinant human-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) plays essential roles in bone regeneration strategies and Hydroxyapatite (HA) is beneficial as the rhBMP-2 carrier. In this study, we evaluate whether rhBMP-2/HA can replace autogenous bone in a rabbit ankle-fusion model with distal tibia bone defect.

Methods

The bone defect was created in the distal tibia. The ankle fusion was performed by a cannulated screw from lateral malleolus and various treatments on bone defect. Thirty male white New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups of 10 animals on each group dependent on treatment methods as control group (no treatment into defect), auto-bone group (autogenous bone treatment), and rhBMP-2/HA group (40 μL of 1 μg/mL rhBMP-2/ 100 μL HA). Bone formation on defect and the union of the ankle joint were evaluated by X-ray, micro-CT and histological analysis at 8 weeks and 12 weeks, postoperatively.

Results

Radiographic assessment found the control and auto-bone groups still had the bone defect present, but rhBMP-2/HA group showed complete replacement of the defect with newly formed bone at 12 weeks. Micro-CT showed significantly higher new bone formation within the defect in the rhBMP-2/HA group than in the auto-bone and control groups at 8 weeks ( p > 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and 12 weeks ( p < 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively). Fusion rate (%) analysis of micro-CT showed a higher percentage of union in the rhBMP-2/HA group than in the auto-bone and control groups at 8 weeks ( p > 0.05, p < 0.001, respectively) and 12 weeks ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The histological showed the highest osteointegration between distal tibia and talus in the rhBMP-2/HA group at 12 weeks.

Conclusions

This study indicated that rhBMP-2/ HA showed much better bone fusion than did the autogenous bone graft and was effective in promoting fusion rate and improving the quality of the ankle joint fusion.
Distinctive nursing practices in working with mothers to care for hospitalised children at a district hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a descriptive observational study
Authors: North Natasha , Leonard Angela , Bonaconsa Candice , Duma Thobeka , Coetzee Minette 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The presence of family members and their active involvement in caring for hospitalised children is an established practice in many African paediatric settings, with family members often regarded as a resource. This aspect of African paediatric nursing practice lacks formal expression or a clear conceptual basis, and difficulties arise when applying concepts of family involvement originating from the culturally distinct practice environments of higher resourced settings including Europe and America. The aim of this study was to articulate a nurse-led practice innovation intended to facilitate family involvement in the care of hospitalised children, observed in a paediatric inpatient ward in a district hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Methods: A qualitative case study design was used. Data collection included visual research methods (graphic facilitation, sociograms and photo-elicitation) as well as a focus group, interviews and practice observation. Activities associated with 20 nurses and 22 mother-child dyads were observed. Data were subjected to content analysis, with Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) applied.
Results: Findings relate to six aspects of practice, categorised thematically as: preserving the mother-child pair; enabling continuous presence; psychological support and empathy; sharing knowledge; mothers as a resource; and belief and trust.
Conclusion: The nursing practices and organisational policies observed in this setting relating to the facilitation of continuous maternal presence represent a distinctive nursing practice innovation. This deliberate practice contrasts with models of care provision which originate in higher resourced settings including Europe and America, such as Family Centred Care, and contrasts with informal practices in local African settings which tolerate the presence of mothers in other settings, as well as local institutional policies which limit mothers’ presence to varying extents.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs17548629 in RIPK1 gene may be associated with lung cancer in a young and middle-aged Han Chinese population
Authors: Yang Shimin , Yu Fanglin , Lin Mingyan , Sun Linyi , Wei Junjie , Lai Cheng , Cai Lin , Hu Zhijian , He Fei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Genetic biomarkers of lung cancer (LC) susceptibility may provide a basis for treatment and prevention. This study analyzed an association between SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the complementary region of the 3′-UTR (3' untranslated region) of microRNAs of the gene RIPK1 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1) and LC among an adult Han Chinese population aged younger than 60 years. Also explored the effect of regulation of the RIPK1 gene via rs17548629 and microRNA-1197 on the occurrence of LC. Methods RIPK1 variants (rs17548629, rs77736895) were determined in a population of 571 adults (younger than 60 years) with LC, and 609 gender- and age-matched healthy individuals. Bioinformatics methods predicted the microRNAs bound to rs17548629. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the presence of both rs17548629 and the predicted microRNA. Results A mutation (T) of rs17548629 was associated with an increased risk for LC in this population under the codominant and recessive genetic models. The risk of lung adenocarcinoma in rs17548629 mutant carriers was 1.769-fold higher than that of the wildtype. In vitro , the luciferase activity of co-transfected mutant psiCHECK2- RIPK1 and microRNA-1197 mimics was less than that of the group transfected with microRNA-1197 mimics only. Factorial analysis indicated interactions between microRNA-1197 mimics and genotypes of rs17548629. Conclusion A mutation (T) of rs17548629 may increase the risk of LC/lung adenocarcinomain adult Han populations younger than 60 years. When carrying the T allele, rs17548629 may be the target of hsa-miR-1197. This mutation may affect transcriptional level of the RIPK1, thereby promoting the occurrence of LC.
Influx of diverse, drug resistant and transmissible Plasmodium falciparum into a malaria-free setting in Gulf Cooperation (GCC) countries.
Authors: Al-Rumhi Abir , Al-Hashami Zainab , Al-Hamidhi Salama , Gadalla Amal , Naeem Raeece , Ranford-Cartwright Lisa C. , Pain Arnab , Sultan Ali A. , Babiker Hamza 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Successful malaria control programs have interrupted local malaria transmission in almost all the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. However, a massive influx of imported malaria via migrant workers from endemic areas sustains a threat for the re-introduction of local transmission. Here we examined the origin of imported malaria into one of the GCC countries (Qatar) and assessed the extent of genetic diversity, and carriage of drug resistance genes of imported Plasmodium falciparum and it’s potential to re-introduce the disease. Methods We examined imported malaria reported in Qatar, between 2013 and 2016. We focused on P. falciparum infections and estimated total parasite and gametocyte density using qPCR and qRT-PCR, respectively. In addition, we examined ten neutral microsatellites and four drug resistance genes, Pfmrp1, Pfcrt, Pfmdr1 and Pfkelch13 , to assess the extent of diversity of imported P. falciparum and its potential carriage of drug resistance genotypes respectively. Results The majority of imported malaria comprised P. vivax , while P. falciparum and mixed species infections ( P. falciparum /P. vivax ) were less frequent. The main origin of P. vivax was the Indian subcontinent, while P. falciparum was most apparent among expatriates from Africa. Imported P. falciparum was highly diverse carrying multiple genotypes as well as early and late gametocytes. We observed a high prevalence of SNPs implicated in drug resistance among imported P. falciparum , with some novel SNPs in Pfkelch13 . Conclusions The high influx of genetically diverse P. falciparum, with multiple drug resistance marker gene mutations and high capacity of producing gametocytes, sustains threat for re-introduction of drug resistant malaria into GCC countries. This scenario highlights the impact of current globalisation of movement of humans in reintroducing malaria infections to areas targeted for elimination.
Cavernous malformation hemorrhage due to trans-mural pressure alterations after cerebrospinal fluid diversion: a case report
Authors: Hartley Benjamin , Birnbaum Corinne , Hoffman Caitlin E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Cavernous malformations are rare cerebral pseudo-vascular lesions with annualized bleeding rates of 0.5 – 3% in most studies. Of the various explored risk factors for bleeding to date, only prior hemorrhage has shown significant correlation. Case Presentation: In this case, we describe a 65-year old man with a peri-ventricular atrial cavernous malformation that hemorrhaged after CSF diversion via ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Serial imaging showed that bleeding continued until the shunt was revised with a programmable valve set at maximum resistance with the addition of a gravitational unit, thereby lowering the trans-mural pressure differential across the cavernous malformation. Conclusions: Given that other vascular lesions are subject to hemorrhage from alterations in trans-mural pressure dynamics, we hypothesize that cavernous malformations are similarly affected by trans-mural pressure gradients as they are composed of primitive vascular elements. This hypothesis is corroborated by the temporal correlation of interventions, imaging, and exam findings in the present case, and suggests a potentially important risk factor for hemorrhage in CM patients that affects prognostication and management.
Stepwise in vitro induction of human somitic mesoderm and its derivatives
Authors: Yamanaka Yoshihiro , Uemura Maya , Alev Cantas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Our understanding of human somitogenesis is limited and largely based on insights gained from model organisms. Pluripotent stem cell-based in vitro approaches aiming to recapitulate distinct aspects of this core developmental process have recently been reported, including our recent paper on the in vitro recapitulation of the human segmentation clock1. Here we describe in detail our stepwise induction protocol of presomitic mesoderm (PSM), somitic mesoderm (SM), and its two major derivatives, sclerotome (SCL) and dermomyotome (DM) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We further briefly address the subsequent molecular and functional analysis of these in vitro induced human mesodermal lineages and cell-types.
A quick and improvement effect of leucine enriched dietary supplement on malnutrition in acute stroke patients receiving enteral tube feeding
Authors: Mori Takahisa , Yoshioka Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background:Malnutrition often occurs in acute stroke patients receiving enteral tube feeding (ETF). Unless malnutrition is improved, their clinical outcome is poor. However, strategies to improve malnutrition in these patients have not been established. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) may enhance protein synthesis and attenuate inflammation. Our study aimed to investigate whether a leucine enriched BCAA dietary supplement (LEBDs) could quickly improve a patient's nutritional status during the early stage of malnutrition. Methods:We retrospectively analyzed acute stroke patients who 1) were admitted between December 2016 and July 2017; 2) underwent ETF for seven days or longer after admission; 3) who underwent blood examination on admission, the 5th day, and seventh day; 4) in whom transthyretin (TTR) was less than 15 mg/dl on the 5th day, and 5) received LEBDs containing 1.44 g leucine per 200 kcal twice a day on the 5th day. We evaluated patients' features, serum albumin (Alb) (g/dl), transthyretin (TTR) (mg/dl), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) (mg/dl) on admission, the fifth day, and the seventh day. Results:Fifteen patients met our inclusion criteria. Their median age, body mass index (BMI), body weight (BW), serum blood glucose (BG), Alb, TTR, and CRP were 82 years, 21.8 kg/m2, 50 kg, 150 mg/dl, 3.5 g/dl, 12.7 mg/dl, and 1.02 mg/dl, respectively. Their median calorie intake was 1,200 kcal/day. On the 5th day, their median Alb and TTR decreased to 2.6 g/dl (p<0.0001) and 11.8 mg/dl (p<0.01), respectively, and their median CRP increased to 5.24 mg/dl (p<0.01). On the 7th day, TTR increased to 15.7 mg/dl (p<0.001), and CRP decreased to 4.77 mg/dl (p<0.05), whereas their median Alb was 2.6 g/dl (ns) and did not significantly change. ConclusionThe leucine enriched BCAA dietary supplement had a quick and improvement effect on the transthyretin and CRP level.
Peri-acetabular bone remodelling after uncemented total hip arthroplasty with monoblock press-fit cups: an observational study
Authors: Anderl Conrad , New Georg Mattiassich , New Reinhold Ortmaier , New Martin Steinmair , New Josef Hochreiter 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Bone stock preservation in total hip replacement is essential to allow for later revisions in an increasingly younger and fitter index patient population. While contemporary modular press-fit acetabular cups lead to rigid fixation with equatorial stress and central osteolysis, more elastic fixation may cause different peri-acetabular bone remodelling. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in peri-acetabular bone mineral density (BMD) in uncemented elastic fixation with monoblock press-fit cups.Methods: This prospective observational study included 45 patients with monoblock cups. We evaluated peri-acetabular BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and reported functional outcomes and complications.Results: At a mean follow-up of 24.2 ± 2.2 months, we found that BMD stabilised in DeLee and Charnley zones I and III and recovered to baseline value in zone II. The mean Harris Hip Scores improved significantly from 56.9 ± 20.0 to 97.2 ± 4.0 (p < 0001). Other than one peri-operative dislocation, we saw no post-operative complications.Conclusions: We confirmed favourable adaptive bone changes with BMD stabilisation in the equatorial zones and recovery to pre-operative values in the central zone. Additionally, excellent clinical outcomes and few prosthesis-related complications confirmed the favourable results of monoblock acetabular cups.
Age and pain score before gastrointestinal endoscopies in children are predictors for post procedure pain.
Authors: Galai Tut , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat , Heller Nathan P. , Ben-Tov Amir , Weintraub Yael , Amir Achiya , Moran-Lev Hadar , Zac Lilach , Cohen Shlomi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal endoscopy may be associated with pain and anxiety. Predictors for high pain scores after endoscopies in children are not known. The aim of our study was to identify risk factors for prolonged recovery and higher pain scores after gastrointestinal endoscopy in children. Methods All the children that were electively admitted for gastrointestinal endoscopies were included. We retrospectively collected demographic, clinical and endoscopic data as well as information on the recovery process. A numerical rating scale and the Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability Scale were used for pain scoring. Results During the study period (01/2016-10/2016), 284 children (median age 10.7 years, interquartile range 6.7-14.8) were recruited. In a univariate analysis, older age, higher pre-procedure pain scores, longer procedure durations, higher number of biopsies and longer recovery duration were associated with higher post-procedure pain scores. In a multivariate analysis higher pain scores before the procedure (OR 12.42, 95% CI 3.67-42, P < 0.001) and older age (OR 1.016, 95% CI 1.007-1.025, P < 0.001) were associated with higher pain scores after the procedure. Children with a higher pain score before the procedure also had a longer recovery period (OR 5.28, 95% CI (1.93‐14.49), P = 0.001). Conclusion Older age and higher pain score before the procedure were identified as predictors for higher pain score after pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopies. Children with these risk factors should be identified before the procedure in order to personalize their post-procedure management. Retrospectively registered TLV-0144-17
Biomechanical Control of Paretic Lower Limb During Imposed Weight Transfer in Individuals Post-Stroke
Authors: Hsiao Hao-Yuan , Gray Vicki , Borrelli James , Rogers Mark W 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: stroke is a leading cause of disability with associated hemiparesis resulting in difficulty bearing and transferring weight on to the paretic limb. Difficulties in weight bearing and weight transfer may result in impaired mobility and balance, increased fall risk, and decreased community engagement. Despite considerable efforts aimed at improving weight transfer after stroke, impairments in its neuromotor and biomechanical control remain poorly understood. In the present study, a novel experimental paradigm was used to characterize differences in weight transfer biomechanics in individuals with chronic stroke versus able-bodied controls. Methods: fifteen participants with stroke and fifteen age-matched able-bodied controls participated in the study. Participants stood with one foot on each of two custom built platforms. One of the platforms dropped 4.3 cm vertically to induce lateral weight transfer and weight bearing. Sagittal plane kinematics, vertical ground reaction forces, and center of pressure velocity were measured. All participants completed the clinical Step Test and Four-Square Step Test. Results: reduced ankle and knee joint angular displacement and velocity, delayed inter-joint timing, and altered center of pressure control (COP) were exhibited in the stroke group compared to the control group. In addition, increased COP velocity stabilization time in the medial-lateral direction during induced weight transfer predicted Step Test scores in individuals post-stroke. Conclusions: the induced weight transfer paradigm characterized the stroke-related abnormalities in the control of weight transfer compared to controls. Decreased joint flexion of the ankle and knee, altered inter-joint timing, and altered COP control appear to be related to limitations during gait. Future work will investigate the potential of improving functional weight transfer through induced weight transfer training exercise.
Poly(I:C) preconditioning ameliorates cognitive dysfunction after cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting TRAF6 signaling
Authors: Wang Peng-Fei , Zhong Wei-Bin , Ju Xiao-Hua , LI Zhen-Guang , Wang Fa-Xiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective: Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation plays an important role in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, increasing evidence suggests that TLRs may affect cognitive behavior through TLR-mediated signaling. Here, we explored the protective effects of TLR3 on cognitive dysfunction after ischemia in the context of poly(I:C) preconditioning.Materials and Methods : Mice (n=84) were randomly divided into the sham group, AAV (vector) group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model group, poly(I:C) (pre) + MCAO model group, and AAV (TRAF6) + poly(I:C) (pre) + MCAO model group. The mice were injected i.p. with poly(I:C) (1.25 mg/g) 24 h prior to cerebral ischemia. Then, neurological scores were assessed, and the infarct volume was measured after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. We evaluated the poly(I:C) preconditioning-induced attenuation of neuronal damage using Nissl and TUNEL staining. We assessed the poly(I:C) preconditioning-mediated inhibition of I/R-induced glial activation, inflammatory factor levels and TRAF6 expression. We also assessed whether TRAF6 affects poly(I:C) preconditioning to improve cognitive dysfunction and neuroprotection.Results: The results showed that compared with those of the sham group and AAV (vector) group, the functional neurological scores and focal infarct volume of the MCAO group and poly(I:C) preconditioning group were significantly increased. The results also showed that compared with those of the MCAO group, the functional neurological scores and focal infarct volume of the poly(I:C) preconditioning group were significantly reduced. Our results indicated that poly(I:C) preconditioning significantly attenuated neuronal apoptosis and cell loss. Poly(I:C) preconditioning also inhibited I/R-induced glial cell activation and reduced NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-β levels. Our findings showed that poly(I:C) preconditioning affected cognitive dysfunction following cerebral I/R. Here, we observed that poly(I:C) preconditioning affected the expression and distribution of TRAF6 following cerebral I/R. TRAF6 overexpression abolished poly(I:C)-induced neuroprotection and worsened cognitive dysfunction in cerebral I/R injury.Significance: Our findings suggested that poly(I:C) preconditioning ameliorates cognitive dysfunction after cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting TRAF6 signaling, which is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction after stroke.