bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Impacts of Introducing LNG as Alternative Fuel for Urban Buses – Case Study in Slovakia
Authors: Jurkovič Martin , Kalina Tomáš , Skrúcaný Tomáš , Gorzelanczyk Piotr , Ľupták Vladimír 
Published: November 2020

The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of decreasing the chosen environmental indicators like energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) production and other exhaust pollutants in the selected region in Slovakia by introducing Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) buses into bus transport. The assessment is carried out by comparing the consumption and emissions of current buses (EURO 2) in real operation, with potential buses (EURO 6) and with pilot LNG buses testing on the same lines. Comparison took place under the same conditions over the same period. The study measures the energy consumption and GHG production per bus. The research paper also compares two methodologies of calculation. The first calculation is according to the European Standard EN 16258: 2012 which specifies the general methodology for evaluation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions (all services - cargo, passengers or both). The second calculation is according to the Handbook of Emission Factors for Road Transport (HBEFA). The results of the calculation are compared by both methods, and the most suitable version of the bus in terms of GHG emissions is proposed.
Lipocalin Blc is a potential heme‐binding protein
Authors: Bozhanova Nina G. , Calcutt M. Wade , Beavers William N. , Brown Benjamin P. , Skaar Eric P. , Meiler Jens 
Published: November 2020

Lipocalins are a superfamily of functionally diverse proteins defined by a well‐conserved tertiary structure despite variation in sequence. Lipocalins bind and transport small hydrophobic molecules in organisms of all kingdoms. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the function of some members of the family, including bacterial lipocalin Blc from Escherichia coli. Here, we present evidence that lipocalin Blc may be involved in heme binding, trans‐periplasmic transport, or heme storage. This conclusion is supported by a cocrystal structure, mass‐spectrometric data, absorption titration, and in silico analysis. Binding of heme is observed at low micromolar range with one‐to‐one ligand‐to‐protein stoichiometry. However, the absence of classical coordination to the iron atom leaves the possibility that the primary ligand of Blc is another tetrapyrrole.
Digital CRISPR/Cas‐Assisted Assay for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Hsieh Kuangwen , Chen Liben , Kaushik Aniruddha , Trick Alexander Y. , Wang Tza‐Huei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unprecedented demand for rapid diagnostics in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic has brought the spotlight onto clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated systems (Cas)‐assisted nucleic acid detection assays. Already benefitting from an elegant detection mechanism, fast assay time, and low reaction temperature, these assays can be further advanced via integration with powerful, digital‐based detection. Thus motivated, the first digital CRISPR/Cas‐assisted assay—coined digitization‐enhanced CRISPR/Cas‐assisted one‐pot virus detection (deCOViD)—is developed and applied toward SARS‐CoV‐2 detection. deCOViD is realized through tuning and discretizing a one‐step, fluorescence‐based, CRISPR/Cas12a‐assisted reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay into sub‐nanoliter reaction wells within commercially available microfluidic digital chips. The uniformly elevated digital concentrations enable deCOViD to achieve qualitative detection in <15 min and quantitative detection in 30 min with high signal‐to‐background ratio, broad dynamic range, and high sensitivity—down to 1 genome equivalent (GE) µL−1 of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA and 20 GE µL−1 of heat‐inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2, which outstrips its benchtop‐based counterpart and represents one of the fastest and most sensitive CRISPR/Cas‐assisted SARS‐CoV‐2 detection to date. Moreover, deCOViD can detect RNA extracts from clinical samples. Taken together, deCOViD opens a new avenue for advancing CRISPR/Cas‐assisted assays and combating the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
Defining dysmorphic facial features in congenital Zika syndrome
Authors: Fonteles Cristiane Sá Roriz , Monteiro Francisco César , Bastos Vasconcelos Rebeca , Jalles Monteiro André , Maia Chaves Júnior Cauby , Franco Marçal Felipe , Asfor Rocha Carvalho Martins Renata , Pereira de Oliveira Ana Lalessa , de Sá Cavalcante Grisielle , Palhano Toscano Bianca , Costa Figueiredo Lopes Thayse Elaine , Gurgel Costa Fabio Wildson , Rodrigues Ribeiro Thyciana , Verçosa Islane Maria Castro , Pessoa André Luiz Santos , Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti Luciano , Ribeiro Erlane Marques 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCongenital Zika syndrome (CZS) constitutes a recently identified malformation caused by Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Limited data is available to date on the facial dysmorphic features of these patients. This study evaluated the facial dysmorphisms of children with CZS, compared with clinically healthy children, using clinical examination and standardized photographic images. Sixty‐three children with CZS (9.70 ± 3.2 months‐age), and 31 Controls (8.67 ± 6.2 months‐age) joined the study. Seven out of 15 indices differed between groups: midfacial height (MFH)/horizontal facial reference (HFR) (p = .0003), interalar distance/HFR (p = .0027), nasal root depth/MFH (p = .0030), posterior nasal length/MFH (p = .0002), vertical position of the ear/MFH (p <.0001), ear length/MFH (p = .0005), chin height/total facial height (CH/TFH) (p <.0001). A CH/TFH of 0.229 showed 93.9% sensitivity and 80.6% specificity in diagnosing CZS. Children with CZS had broad, short faces, decreased intercanthal distance, short posterior nasal length, prominent nasal root, broad nasal wings, and high‐set and long ears. Increased chin height index provided the most accurate diagnostic potential.
Toward a theory‐based specification of non‐pharmacological treatments in aging and dementia: Focused reviews and methodological recommendations
Authors: Sikkes Sietske A.M. , Tang Yi , Jutten Roos J. , Wesselman Linda M.P. , Turkstra Lyn S. , Brodaty Henry , Clare Linda , Cassidy‐Eagle Erin , Cox Kay L. , Chételat Gaël , Dautricourt Sophie , Dhana Klodian , Dodge Hiroko , Dröes Rose‐Marie , Hampstead Benjamin M. , Holland Thomas , Lampit Amit , Laver Kate , Lutz Antoine , Lautenschlager Nicola T. , McCurry Susan M. , Meiland Franka J. M. , Morris Martha Clare , Mueller Kimberly D. , Peters Ruth , Ridel Gemma , Spector Aimee , van der Steen Jenny T. , Tamplin Jeanette , Thompson Zara ,   ISTAART Non‐pharmacological Interventions Professional Interest Area, Bahar‐Fuchs Alex 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon‐pharmacological treatments (NPTs) have the potential to improve meaningful outcomes for older people at risk of, or living with dementia, but research often lacks methodological rigor and continues to produce mixed results.MethodsIn the current position paper, experts in NPT research have specified treatment targets, aims, and ingredients using an umbrella framework, the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System.ResultsExperts provided a snapshot and an authoritative summary of the evidence for different NPTs based on the best synthesis efforts, identified main gaps in knowledge and relevant barriers, and provided directions for future research. Experts in trial methodology provide best practice principles and recommendations for those working in this area, underscoring the importance of prespecified protocols.DiscussionWe conclude that the evidence strongly supports various NPTs in relation to their primary targets, and discuss opportunities and challenges associated with a unifying theoretical framework to guide future efforts in this area.
Item response theory analysis of the Clinical Dementia Rating
Authors: Li Yan , Xiong Chengjie , Aschenbrenner Andrew J. , Chang Chih‐Hung , Weiner Michael W , Nosheny Rachel L , Mungas Dan , Bateman Randall J , Hassenstab Jason , Moulder Krista L , Morris John C 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) is widely used in Alzheimer's disease research studies and has well established reliability and validity. To facilitate the development of an online, electronic CDR (eCDR) for more efficient clinical applications, this study aims to produce a shortened version of the CDR, and to develop the statistical model for automatic scoring.MethodsItem response theory (IRT) was used for item evaluation and model development. An automatic scoring algorithm was validated using existing CDR global and domain box scores as the reference standard.ResultsMost CDR items discriminate well at mild and very mild levels of cognitive impairment. The bi‐factor IRT model fits best and the shortened CDR still demonstrates very high classification accuracy (81%∼92%).DiscussionThe shortened version of the CDR and the automatic scoring algorithm has established a good foundation for developing an eCDR and will ultimately improve the efficiency of cognitive assessment.
The Autism‐Related lncRNA MSNP1AS Regulates Moesin Protein to Influence the RhoA, Rac1, and PI3K/Akt Pathways and Regulate the Structure and Survival of Neurons
Authors: Luo Ting , Ou Jin‐Nan , Cao Li‐Fang , Peng Xiao‐Qing , Li Ya‐Min , Tian Yong‐Quan 
Published: November 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disease involving multiple genes and multiple sites, and it is closely related to environmental factors. It has been gradually revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may regulate the pathogenesis of ASD at the epigenetic level. In neuronal cells, the lncRNA moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) forms a double‐stranded RNA with moesin (MSN) to suppress moesin protein expression. MSNP1AS overexpression can activate the RhoA pathway and inhibit the Rac1 and PI3K/Akt pathways; however, the regulation of Rac1 by MSNP1AS is not associated with MSN, and the effect on the RhoA pathway may also be associated with other factors. MSNP1AS can decrease the number and length of neurites, inhibit neuronal cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis. Downregulation of MSN expression functions similarly to MSNP1AS, and its overexpression can block the above functions of MSNP1AS. In addition, in vivo experiments show that MSN improves social interactions and reduces repetitive behaviors in BTBR mice, decreases the activity of RhoA and restores the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. Therefore, the abnormal expression of MSNP1AS in ASD patients might influence the structure and survival of neuronal cells through the regulation of moesin protein expression to facilitate the development and progression of ASD. These findings provide new evidence for studying the mechanisms of lncRNAs in ASD.Lay SummaryAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disease and its neurodevelopmental mechanisms have not been elucidated. More and more studies have found that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the development of central nervous system in many ways and affect the pathogenic process of ASD. Moesin pseudogene 1 antisense (MSNP1AS) is an up‐regulated lncRNA in ASD patients. In‐depth functional experiments showed that MSNP1AS inhibited moesin protein expression and regulated the activation of multiple signaling pathways, thus decreasing the number and length of neurites, inhibiting neuronal cell viability and migration, and promoting apoptosis. Therefore, MSNP1AS is an important lncRNA related to ASD and can regulate the biological function of neurons.
Association between arterial stiffness and the presence of cerebral small vessel disease markers
Authors: Bae Jae‐Han , Kim Jeong‐Min , Park Kwang‐Yeol , Han Su‐Hyun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the effect of arterial stiffness on the severity of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVSs) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) at different brain locations.MethodsA total of 854 stroke patients underwent both brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurement and brain MRI. The extent of EPVS was separately rated at the levels of the basal ganglia (BG) and centrum semiovale (CS). The CMBs were categorized as strictly lobar CMB and deep CMB. The patients were categorized according to baPWV quartiles, and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate whether the baPWV increment was independently associated with each cerebral SVD marker at different locations. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was derived on the reference of the first quartile.ResultsSevere EPVSs at BG and CS were detected in 243 (28.5%) and 353 patients (41.3%), respectively. The increment of baPWV quartiles was associated with both severe BG EPVS burden (Q4: OR = 2.58, CI = 1.45–4.60) and severe CS EPVS burden (Q4: OR = 2.06, CI = 1.24–3.42). Deep CMBs were found in 259 patients (30.3%), and strictly lobar CMBs were found in 170 patients (19.9%). Multivariable logistic regression model revealed deep CMB was independently associated with the baPWV increment (Q4: OR = 2.52, CI = 1.62–3.94). However, strictly lobar CMB had a neutral relationship with baPWV.ConclusionIncreased arterial stiffness is consistently associated with the presence of deep CMB and severe EPVS burden at the BG and CS, suggesting a common pathophysiologic mechanism.
Clinical characteristics and management of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐related pneumonitis: A single‐institution retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hanping , Zhao Yanwei , Zhang Xiaotong , Si Xiaoyan , Song Peng , Xiao Yi , Yang Xu , Song Lan , Shi Juhong , Zhao Haitao , Zhang Li 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) will cause more checkpoint inhibitor‐related pneumonitis (CIP), which is a common cause of ICI‐related death. The clinical management of CIP needs further optimization.MethodsPatients who were managed at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) between February 2017 and December 2019 with a diagnosis of CIP were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data including clinical manifestations, radiologic data, laboratory and bronchoscopy results, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare patients with and without co‐infections.ResultsIn total, 48 CIP cases in 42 patients were analyzed. The median time from the first dose of ICI to the onset of CIP was 1.9 months (range: 0.1–13.7). Grade 3–4 (G3–4) accounted for 30 cases (71.4%). The most common symptoms were cough (88.1%) and dyspnea (78.6%). The median starting dose of equivalent prednisone (EP) was 55 mg (range: 30–200) for all patients. The median total duration of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) treatment was 42.5 days (range: 15−89). Three patients (7.14%) died because of infection. A higher starting dose and longer duration of GCS (≥30 mg/day; p = 0.001) were associated with opportunistic infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed diverse and asymmetrical lesions. Twelve patients were re‐challenged, and six patients developed recurrent CIP.ConclusionsThe clinical and imaging manifestations of CIP are various, and differential diagnosis of exclusion is essential. GCS at 1–2 mg/kg is feasible to treat CIP, but the duration of GCS ≥30 mg/day should be used with caution, given the high risk of acquired infections. Re‐challenges of ICI are feasible, but the recurrence of CIP needs to be closely monitored.
Increased bleeding risk associated with concurrent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and low‐molecular‐weight heparin
Authors: Patel Sandip H. , George Tiffany L. , Wang Tzu‐Fei , Vogt Sherry M. , Folefac Edmund , Xu Menglin , Yang Yuanquan , Parikh Anish B. , Verschraegen Claire F. , Clinton Steven K. , Yin Ming 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSome cancer patients who are diagnosed with thromboembolism may require dual treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and factor Xa inhibitors (low‐molecular‐weight heparin [LMWH] or direct oral anticoagulants [DOACs]). However, to the authors' knowledge, the safety of such combinations has not been well characterized.MethodsPatients with advanced cancer who were treated with concurrent VEGFR TKIs and factor Xa inhibitors between 2010 and 2018 at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center were included. Charts were reviewed retrospectively for clinically significant bleeding events occurring during concurrent treatment compared with those occurring during factor Xa inhibitor therapy alone, using each patient as their own control. The Fisher exact test was used to compare distribution of bleeding severities. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare bleeding risk between groups.ResultsAmong 86 patients, there were 29 clinically significant bleeding events (including 8 major bleeding events) reported during concurrent treatment and 17 events (including 4 major bleeding events) reported during factor Xa inhibitor therapy alone over a median follow‐up of 63 days. Concurrent treatment was associated with significantly higher risks of overall bleeding (hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.28‐4.69 [P = .007]) and first‐onset bleeding (hazard ratio, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.13‐4.42 [P = .02]). Analysis of 6‐month bleeding risk and the subgroups of patients treated with concurrent TKIs and LMWH versus LMWH alone demonstrated a similar trend. The sample size was inadequate for comparisons between treatment with concurrent TKIs and DOACs versus DOACs alone.ConclusionsConcurrent treatment with VEGFR TKIs and LMWH was found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of bleeding events when compared with LMWH therapy alone.
A hybrid indicator many‐objective optimization algorithm for the selection and delivery of disaster relief materials problem
Authors: Zhu Zhuanghua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTraditional methods fail to comprehensively consider the selection and delivery of disaster relief materials (SDDM) problem. To solve the problem, the SDDM will be comprehensively considered in this article, which will be built into a many‐objective disaster relief materials selection and delivery model with four objectives to be optimized in the last kilometer of the disaster relief organization. Meanwhile, a many‐objective optimization algorithm is designed to solve the proposed disaster relief materials model by employing the different excellent indicators. Two extensive simulation experiments are carried out. On the one hand, the performance of the designed many‐objective is tested on DTLZ and WFG benchmark functions. On the other hand, the proposed many‐objective model is solved by employing the designed algorithm. In addition, the simulation result shows that the designed algorithm is effective in solving the SDDMs problem.
Recent Progress of Transition Metal Phosphides for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hong Long‐fei , Guo Rui‐tang , Yuan Ye , Ji Xiang‐yin , Lin Zhi‐dong , Li Zheng‐sheng , Pan Wei‐guo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen evolution can effectively alleviate the troublesome global energy crisis by converting solar energy into the chemical energy of hydrogen. In order to realize efficient hydrogen generation, a variety of semiconductor materials have been extensively investigated, including TiO2, CdS, g‐C3N4, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and others. In recent years, to achieve higher photocatalytic performance and reach the level of large‐scale industrial applications, photocatalysts decorated with transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have shone brightly because of their low cost, stable physical and chemical properties, and substitution for precious metals of TMPs. This Review highlights the preparation methods and properties associated with photocatalysis of TMPs. Moreover, the H2 generation efficiency of photocatalysts loaded with TMPs and the roles of TMPs in catalytic systems are also studied systematically. Apart from being co‐catalysts, several TMPs can also serve as host catalysts to boost the activity of photocatalytic composites. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of TMPs are put forward, which is valuable for future researchers to expand the application of TMPs in photocatalytic directions and to develop more active photocatalytic systems.
Assessment of cytological features of glandular lesions of the cervix on conventional smear preparations—a comprehensive study from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mantri Shweta , Ravikumar Gayatri , Crasta Julian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAtypical glandular cells (AGC) as a diagnostic category in cervicovaginal cytology remains as a challenge to cytopathologists.AimsThe aim of the present study is to identify the cytological features helpful in categorizing AGC as reactive or neoplastic upon correlation with histology.Materials and MethodsThe study was a retrospective review of cervical smears, with histopathological follow up, reported as glandular lesions for a period of 9 years. The architectural and nuclear features studied were adapted from The Bethesda System (TBS) to stratify the lesions as AGC, AGC‐FN (atypical glandular cells favour neoplasia) and adenocarcinoma. The cytological categories were correlated with histology.ResultsA total of 89 cases of which 67 (AGC NOS = 34, AGC FN = 19, adenocarcinoma = 14) with histology were reviewed. Neoplastic lesions were encountered in 14 cases (34.6%). Of the cases diagnosed as AGC‐NOS, AGC‐FN and adenocarcinoma, 26.5%, 68.4% and 100% respectively were neoplastic on histopathology. Squamous lesions accounted for 14.9% of all the glandular lesions. Rosette or acinar formation and loss of polarity frequently observed in neoplastic lesions as compared to reactive changes (p = 0.0004, p = 0.001). Of the nuclear features, nuclear hyperchromasia or coarse clumping of chromatin along with nuclear membrane irregularity and nuclear pleomorphism was frequently associated with neoplastic lesions as compared to reactive conditions (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.0002).ConclusionA diagnosis of AGC at cytology harbors significant number of malignant lesions when confirmed on biopsy. Architectural features complemented with nuclear characteristics helps in differentiating between reactive and neoplastic conditions. Hence stratifying glandular lesions at cytology according to TBS helps in the management.