bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Punicalagin alleviates brain injury and inflammatory responses, and regulates HO-1/Nrf-2/ARE signaling in rats after experimental intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Fuchi , Wu Kang , Wu Xiaolin , Xin Can , Zhou Minghui , Lei Jin , Chen Jincao 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: To investigate the effect of punicalagin, an ellagitannin present in pomegranates, on intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)-induced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and also unravel the underlying mechanism(s) of action.
Methods: Collagenase type IV (0.2 U) was used to induce ICH in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Punicalagin was given to the rats at doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg body weight via oral gavage for 15 days before ICH induction. The animals were sacrificed 24h following induction of ICH, and their brains were excised immediately and used for analysis. Histological changes were determined with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining. Permeability to blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined by quantifying the extent of extravasation of Evan Blue (EB). Protein expressions of HO-1/Nrf-2/ARE and NF-κB signaling were assayed using immunoblotting and RT-PCR. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and serum levels of cytokines were also determined.
Results: Punicalagin treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and cell damage, improved brain tissue architecture and BBB integrity. The punicalagin treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and enhanced antioxidant status via activation of Nrf-2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway (p < 0.05). The treatment upregulated the expressions of HO-1 to 174 %, relative to 127 % in ICH control rats. Furthermore, it enhanced NF-κB levels and reversed the ICH injury-induced upregulations of IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that punicalagin exerts neuroprotective effect in rats after experimental ICH through regulation of theHO-1/Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway. Thus, punicalagin has therapeutic potential for ICH.
Keywords: Brain injury, Haemoxygenase-1, Intracerebral haemorrhage, Inflammatory responses, Nrf2/ARE signalling, Punicalagin
A Tarım 4.0 İle Sürdürülebilir Bir Gelecek
Authors: ERTAŞ Berfu 
Published: June 2020

Son yıllarda dünya nüfusunda hızlı artış gözlemlenmiştir. Bu artış, insan hayatının idamesi için en önemli yapı taşı olan beslenme sorununu beraberinde getirmekte ve soruna sürdürülebilir bir çözüm arayışı bulma zorunlu hale gelmektedir.
7.7 milyar olan dünya nüfusu 2050 yılında 9.7 milyar kişiye kadar ulaşacağı tahmin edilmekte ve bununla beraber beslenme gereksiniminin giderilmesi için tarımsal üretimin %70 oranda arttırılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Günümüzde değişim gösteren iklim koşullarında bu tarımsal üretim artışının nasıl elde edileceği ve nasıl daimi olacağına bulunacak çözüm aynı zamanda beslenme sorununu azaltacaktır. Geleneksel tarım yöntemleri artık tam olarak yeterli değildir. Bazı ülkelerde Tarım 4.0 sistemleri ile randıman arttırıcı ve maliyetleri düşürücü uygulamalara yoğunluk verilmektedir. Bu uygulama, tarım sektörünün dijital hale geçmesini ifade eder. Bu nedenle üretimde yararlanılan su, gübre, yakıt gibi unsurların daha az olması ve aynı zamanda üretim sonucu ortaya çıkan ürününün daha fazla elde edilmesi bu süreç ile birlikte mümkün olacaktır.
Bu araştırmada, tarım sektöründe daha verimli, daha çevreci, sürdürülebilir büyüme, bilgi, yenilik ve teknolojiye dayalı akıllı büyüme sağlamak amacıyla ülkemizin Tarım 4.0 uygulamalarına geçmesinin gerekliliğinden bahsedilmiştir. Aynı zamanda tarım sektörü ve tarımsal ürün ihracatı bakımından önemli pozisyonda olan Hollanda, Tayvan, İsrail, Japonya, ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin akıllı tarım uygulama deneyimleri incelenmiş ve Türkiye’nin genel durum çözümlemesi yapılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Akıllı Tarım, Tarım 4.0, Tarımda Makinalaşma, Sürdürülebilir Tarım
3D PRINTER DESIGN, MANUFACTURING AND EFFECT OF INFILL PATTERNS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTlES
Authors: Özgül Hande Güler , Tatlı Onur 
Published: June 2020

Along with the technological developments, it is an expected situation to discover new developed production methods. Additive manufacturing technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printers are one of these methods, allowing direct production of parts with complex geometries that cannot be produced by conventional methods. The most popular and inexpensive method among additive manufacturing technologies is FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) method. This method is particularly interesting for the manufacture of parts with low production volumes.
In this study, a 3D-FDM printer with a print volume of 200x200x210 mm has been designed and manufactured.PLA (polylactic acid) test samples having 2 different infill geometries were produced with the 3D printer. Tensile, three-point bending and charpyimpact tests were applied to these samples to investigate the effect of inner filling geometry on mechanical properties. The inner filling geometries are in the form of grid and gyroid. According to the results, while the geometry with the tensile force is "grid", while the geometry with the maximum bending force is "gyroid".It was concluded that different inner filling geometries do not have a significant impact on Charpy impact strength.
SAC ŞEKİLLENDİRME İŞLETMESİNDE FİRE YÖNETİMİ ÇALIŞMASINA BİR ÖRNEK
Authors: Edis Rabia , Yalçın Caner , Sınmazçelik Tamer , Özzaim Pelin , Yurdakul Yiğit , Yılmaz Yasin 
Published: June 2020

Sac metal şekillendirme günümüzde özellikle otomotiv sektöründe önemli bir yere sahiptir. Sac metalin en verimli şekilde kullanılarak mümkün olduğunca az fire miktarı ile üretim yapmak için şekillendirmede kullanılacak olan kalıpların tasarımı ve ürün dizaynı önemli bir parametredir. Üretilecek ürüne yönelik fire miktarı öngörülmeden yapılan kalıp ve ürün tasarımının yüksek fire oranına sebep olacağı kaçınılmazdır. Gerek ürünün gerekse kalıbın tasarımında ürünün fonksiyonelliği yanında, yarı mamulün efektif kullanım miktarı, fire ve hurda miktarının da dikkate alınıp hesaplanması ve maliyetlendirilmesi gereklidir.
Bu çalışmada, 3,5 aylık süreçte işletmede üretilen yüksek kapasiteye sahip parçaların mevcut imalat durumundaki konumları ile hatve miktarları incelenmiştir. Bu incelemeler sonucu mevcut durumda sac metal kullanım verimlilikleri düşük olan parçalar ayırt edilmiştir. Ayırt edilen bu parçalar için, literatürde önerilen konum ve hatve önerileri ile ilgili araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Parça konum ve hatveleri bilgisayar ortamında fire miktarı azaltılarak verimlilik artacak şekilde yeniden modellenmiştir. Böylece yarı mamul sacın daha verimli kullanılmasına ilişkin örnekler oluşturulmuş ve elde edilen kazanç hesaplanmıştır.
THE AVIFAUNA OF MARSH BIRDS IN THE RESERVOIRS OF THE KARATAU MOUNTAIN SYSTEM
Authors: N.Tolbayev A.Umerbekova, 
Published: June 2020

The Karatau mountain range is a low-mountain system, does not have natural water sources in the form of lakes. Artificial water objects – water reservoirs – are the only large water bodies where most species of water birds are often found or locating during migration. One of the strategic important water bodies for agriculture of the Karatau mountain range is the Koskorgan reservoir. In addition, the Syrdarya River, one of the largest rivers in Kazakhstan, is the most important waterway in the researched region. During the spring flood of the river, temporary water bodies form on a vast territory, which also contributes to an increase in the species diversity of the avifauna of the region. These two water objects served to research the fauna of water birds. We have researched the main species of avifauna, both nesting and found during migrations.
High Vs Low: Turkish Parser’s Attachment Preferences to Relative Clauses
Authors: TURAN Cengiz 
Published: June 2020

The present study investigates parsing preferences to Turkish relative clauses (RC) using eye-tracker method and comprehension questions presented to the participants following each experimental sentences. In this framework, the possible effects of the RC on attachment types (low – high) were analyzed. The data gathered from a total of sixty participants were considered. Twenty-eight experimental sentences were developed based on RC and two attachment types thus, testing four conditions along with twenty-eight filler sentences. General direction of processing is that the high attachment (HA) configuration caused slightly less cognitive load than the low attachment (LA). Nevertheless, reading times belonging to HA sentences statistically longer on NP2 (the second noun phrase following the RC area). Longer fixation durations on main verbs were observed with significant differences in LA sentences. Regarding the answers to the comprehension questions, the data complement the findings from online processing. It can be stated that Turkish parser prioritizes syntactic operations during the early processing. However, lexical-semantic information of the main verb overrides these operations in the event of a structural ambiguity. Processing of HA sentences is more rapid than the LA sentences. Overall, Turkish is suggested to be a HA language.
Principles of Care for Patients with Liver Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Position Statement of the Saudi Association for the Study of Liver Disease and Transplantation
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , Aljumah Abdulrahman A. , Hashim Almoutaz , Alenazi Thamer H. , AlJawad Mohammed , Al Hamoudi Waleed K. , Alghamdi Mohammed Y. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified in patients in Wuhan, China. The virus, subsequently named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, spread worldwide and the disease (coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Older adults and individuals with comorbidities have been reported as being more vulnerable to COVID-19. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have compromised immune function due to cirrhosis and are more susceptible to infection. However, it is unclear if patients with CLD are more vulnerable to COVID-19 and its complications than other populations. The high number of severe cases of COVID-19 has placed an unusual burden on health systems, compromising their capacity to provide the regular care that patients with CLD require. Hence, it is incredibly crucial at this juncture to provide a set of interim recommendations on the management of patients with CLD during the current COVID-19 outbreak.
Relation between the asymmetric ring current effect and the anti-sunward auroral currents, as deduced from CHAMP observations
Authors: Lühr Hermann , Zhou Yun-Liang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. During magnetically active periods the storm-time disturbance
signal on the ground commonly develops an azimuthal asymmetry. Negative deflections of the magnetic horizontal (H) component are enhanced in the
18:00 local time sector and smallest in the morning sector. This is commonly
attributed to the asymmetric ring current effect. In this study we investigate the average characteristics of anti-sunward net currents that
are not closing in the ionosphere. Their intensity is growing proportionally
with the amount of solar wind input to the magnetosphere. There is almost
twice as much current flowing across the polar region in the winter
hemisphere as on the summer side. This seasonal dependence is more
pronounced in the dusk sector than in the dawn sector. Event studies reveal that anti-sunward currents are closely related to the main phase of a magnetic
storm. Since the asymmetry of storm-time disturbances also builds up during the main phase, we suggest a relation between these two phenomena. From a
statistical study of ground-based disturbance levels during magnetically
active periods, we obtain support for our suggestion. We propose a new 3D current system responsible for the zonally asymmetric storm-time disturbance
signal that does not involve the ring current. The high-latitude
anti-sunward currents are connected at their noon and midnight ends to
field-aligned currents that lead the currents to the outer magnetosphere.
The auroral net current branch on the morning side is closed along the dawn
flank near the magnetopause, and the evening side currents flow along the
dusk flank magnetosphere. Regardless through which loop the current is
flowing, near-Earth storm-time disturbance levels will in both cases be
reduced in the morning sector and enhanced in the evening.
Seasonal deposition processes and chronology of a varved Holocene lake sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz Republic)
Authors: Kalanke Julia , Mingram Jens , Lauterbach Stefan , Usubaliev Ryskul , Tjallingii Rik , Brauer Achim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Microfacies analysis of a sediment record from Chatyr Kol lake (Kyrgyz
Republic) reveals the presence of seasonal laminae (varves) from the
sediment base dated at 11 619±603 BP (years Before Present) up to
∼360±40 BP. The Chatvd19 floating varve
chronology relies on replicate varve counts on overlapping petrographic thin
sections with an uncertainty of ±5 %. The uppermost non-varved
interval was chronologically constrained by 210Pb and 137Cs
gamma spectrometry and interpolation based on varve thickness
measurements of adjacent varved intervals with an assumed maximum
uncertainty of 10 %. Six varve types were distinguished, are described in
detail, and show a changing predominance of clastic-organic, clastic-calcitic
or clastic-aragonitic, calcitic-clastic, organic-clastic, and clastic-diatom varves
throughout the Holocene. Variations in varve thickness and the number and
composition of seasonal sublayers are attributed to (1) changes in the amount
of summer or winter/spring precipitation affecting local runoff and erosion
and/or to (2) evaporative conditions during summer. Radiocarbon dating of
bulk organic matter, daphnia remains, aquatic plant remains, and Ruppia maritima seeds
reveals reservoir ages with a clear decreasing trend up core from
∼6150 years in the early Holocene, to ∼3000 years in the mid-Holocene, to ∼1000 years and less in the
late Holocene and modern times. In contrast, two radiocarbon dates from
terrestrial plant remains are in good agreement with the varve-based
chronology.
Institutions, Macroeconomic Policies and Economic Growth in Africa: Evidence from Panel Data
Authors: Aliero Haruna M. , Olarinde Muftau Olaiya 
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the effects of institution and macroeconomic policy on economic growth in Africa, using panel Cointegration technique to analysed data obtained from a panel of 50 African Countries covering a period of 25years (1990-2014). The results confirm that declining growth rate in Africa is due to poor management of macroeconomic policies. A weak turning point is also confirmed to exist for government size in the short run; in the long run it becomes more pronounce. The Wald restrictions tests of causality ascertain that institutions lead economic growth performance in the short run, while poor economic growth performance impaired the capacity required in building strong institutions which in turn stunts growth in the long run. Therefore, African leaders should tilt their expenditure in favour of human capital development and strong institution, ensure intra-regional trade and adopt private sector led – economic growth strategy.
Hybrid Nature of the Platinum Group Element Chromite-Rich Rocks of the Norilsk 1 Intrusion: Genetic Constraints from Cr Spinel and Spinel-Hosted Multiphase Inclusions
Authors: Chayka Ivan F. , Kamenetsky Vadim S. , Zhitova Liudmila M. , Izokh Andrey E. , Tolstykh Nadezhda D. , Abersteiner Adam , Lobastov Boris M. , Yakich Tamara Yu. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Norilsk 1 intrusion (Russia), renowned for its abundance of sulfide ores, contains an upper contact zone, which hosts sulfide-poor and Cr spinel and platinum group element (PGE)-rich discontinuous reefs with significant economic potential. Located within strongly inhomogeneous contact rocks of various compositions, the origin of these reefs is complex and debated. Enrichment in PGEs in these rocks is distributed heterogeneously, occasionally occurring in extremely dense disseminations of Cr spinel, which are unusual for other rocks of the Norilsk 1 intrusion. The compositions of Cr spinel vary significantly between individual samples, even within the same samples across clusters of several Cr spinel grains and single grains. Chromium spinel grains are broadly characterized by low Mg# (3–50 mol %), moderate to extremely high TiO2 content (1–18 wt %), diverse Fe2+/Fe3+ ratios, and elevated V and Zn. Multiphase silicate inclusions hosted by Cr spinel are dominated by orthopyroxene, alkali-feldspar, clinopyroxene, Na phlogopite, high-Al amphibole, chlorite, and albite, along with minor felsic glass, sulfide, apatite, baddeleyite, titanite, calcite, halite, and cordierite. Heating experiments (1,250°C) on the silicate inclusions failed to produce homogeneous glasses but showed evidence of partial melting and reactions with precursor minerals that crystallized new phases. The experimentally obtained glasses are characterized by compositions that strongly differ from any known igneous rock in the Norilsk region, and the assemblage of phases in these inclusions is not supportive of the entrapment of a homogeneous silicate melt. Trace element patterns of the glasses of the experimentally heated inclusions are compositionally distinct from the Norilsk trap basalts, and instead are closer to the sedimentary rocks of the Norilsk region. We suggest that an in situ interaction between the mafic melt and the sedimentary rocks was responsible for Cr spinel mineralization and the formation of the host rocks. The subsequent subsolidus modification of the initial rocks expanded the Cr spinel compositional range and formed muscovite-albite-chlorite assemblages, which replaced the original silicate minerals.
De verdachte is dood, leve het strafproces?
Authors: Moerman E.M. (Eelco) , Bemelmans J.H.B. (Joeri) 
Published: June 2020

De verdachte is dood, leve het strafproces?
In deze bijdrage staan de auteurs stil bij de straf(proces)rechtelijke gevolgen van de dood van de verdachte of veroordeelde en de ratio van die gevolgen. Onderzocht wordt welke uitzonderingen er bestaan op het uitgangspunt dat de rechten tot strafvervolging en strafexecutie vervallen door de dood van de verdachte of veroordeelde en of het uitgangspunt en de uitzonderingen daarop een coherent systeem vormen. Voorgesteld wordt om enkele bijzondere sanctiemodaliteiten te schrappen en om een commune maatregel te introduceren waarmee kan worden voorkomen dat in beslag genomen goederen die van misdrijf afkomstig blijken, aan de erfgenamen van de overledene ten deel vallen.
GEODYNAMIC PROCESSES DURING ASCENT OF A PLUME WITH INTERMEDIATE THERMAL POWER THROUGH THE CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE AND DURING ITS ERUPTION ON THE SURFACE
Authors: Kirdyashkin A. G. , Kirdyashkin A. A. , Distanov V. E. , Gladkov I. N. 
Published: June 2020

The study is focused on thermochemical mantle plumes with intermediate thermal power (1.15 < Ka < 1.9). Previously we have shown that these plumes are diamondiferous. Based on the laboratory modeling data, the flow structure of a melt in a plume conduit is represented. A plume melts out and ascends from the core – mantle boundary to the bottom of the continental lithosphere. The plume roof moves upwards in the lithosphere because of melting of the lithospheric matter at the plume roof and due to the effect of superlithostatic pressure on the roof, which causes motion in the lithosphere block above the plume roof. The latter manifests itself by uplifting of the ground surface above the plume. As the plume ascends through the lithosphere, the elevation of the surface increases until the plume ascends to critical level xкр, where an eruption conduit is formed. In our model, plume ascent velocity uпл is the rate of melting at the plume roof. Values of uпл and the ascent velocity of a spherical plume roof due to superlithostatic pressure U are calculated. Relationships are found between these velocities and the plume roof depth. The dependence of the velocity of the surface’s rise on the dynamic viscosity of the lithosphere block above the plume is obtained. A relationship is determined between the maximum surface elevation and the lithosphere viscosity. The elevation values are determined for different times and different lithosphere viscosities.The results of laboratory modeling of flow structure at the plume conduit/eruption conduit interface are presented. The flow was photographed (1) in the plane passing through the axes of the plume conduit and the eruption conduit; and (2) in case of the line-focus beam perpendicular to the axial plane. The photographs were used for measuring the flow velocities in the plume conduit and the eruption conduit. Corresponding Reynolds numbers and flow regimes are determined. The relation of dynamic pressure in the eruption conduit to that in the plume conduit is found for intermediate-power plumes. The melt flow velocity in the eruption conduit depends on superlithostatic pressure on the plume roof, plume diameter and kinematic viscosity of the melt. Its values are determined for different kinematic viscosities of melt.
Underlying Equity Discourses of the World Health Organization
Authors: Amri Michelle M. , Siddiqi Arjumand , O’Campo Patricia , Enright Theresa , Di Ruggiero Erica 
Published: June 2020

Background: Globally, increasing attention has been paid to the concept of equity in the context of health, largely stemming from the work of the World Health Organization (WHO) beginning in the late 1970s with the Declaration of Alma-Ata (WHO, 1978) and more recently following the Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (CSDH, 2008) and their final report in 2008. Despite increasing attention to this issue, there is global ambiguity on the true definition of “health inequity”, “health inequalities”, or “health disparities” (Braveman, 2006, p. 167; Braveman & Gruskin, 2003).
Methods/Design: This original scoping review clarifies how the WHO conceptualizes equity. It also identifies the theoretical underpinnings guiding the WHO’s approach to equity and its broader implications. This protocol followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) (Tricco et al., 2018), with details discussed in the full protocol.
Discussion: To date, much of the research on health equity globally has been restricted to chronological discussions over time or specific research fields (Borde & Hernández, 2018, p. 3). Therefore, researching the WHO’s approach to equity in terms of alignment with theory and broader normative standpoint(s) becomes increasingly important in addressing a gap in the literature. In addition, because the definition of equity in the context of health has practical implications for its operationalization (Guerra, Borde, & Salgado De Snyder, 2016), this work seeks to clarify in the concept of equity used by the WHO in hopes of moving towards a shared understanding to bridge action [e.g. in measurement and accountability (Braveman & Gruskin, 2003)].