bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unseen: the sexual harassment of low-income women in America
Authors: Fitzgerald Louise 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the harassment of vulnerable women whose lives and experiences remain largely unseen in the era of #MeToo.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws from the sparse empirical literature as well as the more informal accounts provided by social justice organizations, investigative journalists and legal commentary about four spheres that have largely remained invisible: women in low-income housing, agricultural workers, janitorial workers and restaurant workers. It also reviews the surprising success stories that some of these groups have achieved and invite us to ponder what we can learn from them.

Findings
Farm workers, sub-minimum wage restaurant workers, single mothers and janitorial workers are several groups that were not highlighted by the current movement.

Social implications
Highlighting the experiences of those who remain largely hidden in and from academic discourse and, more largely, the public eye enlarges the scope of knowledge and encourages further scholarly inquiry.

Originality/value
Combining the perspectives of scholar and social justice activist illuminates the depth and breadth of largely invisible classes of harassment victims and the potentially novel remedies they have initiated.
Local Development Platforms (LDP): an operational framework for business development
Authors: Marques Gastão de Jesus , Guerra Cristina Gama 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual model of business development that provides operational ways to increase the competitive presence of more micro and small ventures (both actual and new) in enlarged markets, including international ones.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper develops a conceptual model starting from the identification of the most usual constraints limiting the SMEs and entrepreneurship development and success. After this stage, the model was built with the help of selected concepts, which represent a theoretical framework of support.

Findings
Regarding the universe of SME and entrepreneurship, the authors usually find some weaknesses: markets mainly local/regional, absence of growth, cooperative networks and/or international operations, because of several usual constraints: limited competences and resources, absence of critical mass on buying/selling and difficulty to cooperate. These shortcomings represent an economic waste when there are competitive offers and/or endogenous resources.

Research limitations/implications
The model will be applied in a Portuguese county, in this way the authors expect to make an empirical research in the near future.

Practical implications
The model surpasses the, usual, limited skills of people and organisations betting in their competitive specialisation, with the assumptions that few people can be successful entrepreneurs/managers, but quite everyone can perform something competitively. The organisation/structure – Local Development Platform (LDP) – has the responsibility to assure the competitiveness of value chains built over networks of these agents. Additionally, the LDP should provide collective resources to lower the investments and operational needs of the agents involved, provide the added value services necessary for offers and agents’ competitiveness, achieve critical mass on buying and selling and enlarge/open new markets. These resources are organised in up to five specialised platforms, to service a strategy structured along five axes of development.

Social implications
With this model, it is possible to increase the levels of employment and welfare.

Originality/value
A practical/operational integrated model able to be applied in different contexts will help private and public agents to define and implement strategies of development to enable the growth and success of SMEs and entrepreneurial initiatives in the international markets context.
The role of social media in managing supplier attractiveness
Authors: Tóth Zsófia , Liu Martin , Luo Jun , Braziotis Christos 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Managing attractiveness is a constant challenge to mobilize relationship-specific investments, especially in a business environment increasingly enhanced by social media (SM) activities. There is limited knowledge on how SM activities contribute to supplier attractiveness, so decisions about strategizing with SM and consequent resource allocations become highly uncertain. The purpose of this paper is to examine how suppliers’ SM activities influence supplier attractiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
Altogether, 57 senior managers were interviewed: 32 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with senior managers in strategic decision-making roles regarding SM on the supplier side, along with 20 senior managers responsible for purchasing or looking after supplier development; one-to-one interviews were complemented by a focus group with 5 senior managers on the buyer side.

Findings
The study reveals an inverse U-shaped relationship between the intensity of the supplier’s SM activity and its attractiveness and offers a set of propositions about the influence of SM on supplier attractiveness, with special regard to the perceived risks of increased transparency and becoming “too social” on SM.

Practical implications
The study highlights SM management results for supplier attractiveness and their impact areas on business growth and supply chain development.

Originality/value
This paper provides in-depth insights into the role of SM in managing supplier attractiveness. Various effects of SM activities are identified that aim to contribute to the body of literature on supplier attractiveness as well as SM management in buyer–supplier relationships.
Environmental pollution and economic growth elasticities of maritime and air transportations in Iran
Authors: Mohamad Taghvaee Vahid , Agheli Lotfali , Assari Arani Abbas , Nodehi Mehrab , Khodaparast Shirazi Jalil 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of maritime and air transportation on the environment and economy of Iran. The authors specify two dynamic models of the environmental pollution and the economic growth. Then, the authors estimate the environmental and economic elasticities of maritime and air transportation in short run and long run in Iran during 1978–2012.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors estimate the environmental and economic elasticities of maritime elasticities in short and long run, using simultaneous equations system.

Findings
The findings indicate that the short- and long-run environmental pollution elasticities of maritime transportation are higher than those of the air ones. In addition, the economic growth elasticities are greater in the air transportation compared to maritime one. As a result, the maritime transportation is more pollutant and less productive in Iran in comparison with the air transportation.

Originality/value
The policymakers are advised to improve the infrastructure of maritime transportation from both the environmental and economic point of views. Consequently, the air transportation is considered as a cleaner and more beneficial transportation mode in Iran, where geographical position limits the maritime transport as a widespread transportation mode.
Thermal performance of fully wet longitudinal porous fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, surface emissivity and heat transfer coefficient
Authors: Sowmya G. , Gireesha B.J. , Makinde O.D. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the thermal behaviour of a fully wet porous fin of longitudinal profile. The significance of radiative and convective heat transfer has been scrutinised along with the simultaneous variation of surface emissivity, heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity with temperature. The emissivity of the surface and the thermal conductivity are considered as linear functions of the local temperature between fin and the ambient. Darcy’s model was considered to formulate the heat transfer equation. According to this, the porous fin permits the flow to penetrate through it and solid–fluid interaction occurs.

Design/methodology/approach
Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth-order method has been used to solve the reduced non-dimensionalized ordinary differential equation involving highly nonlinear terms.

Findings
The impact of pertinent parameters, such as convective parameter, radiative parameter, conductivity parameter, emissivity parameter, wet porous parameter, etc., on the temperature profiles were elaborated mathematically with the plotted graphs. The heat transfer from the fin enhances with the rise in convective parameter.

Originality/value
The wet nature of the fin enhances heat transfer and in many practical applications the parameters, such as thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient as well as surface emissivity, vary with temperature. Hence, the main objective of the current study is to depict the significance of simultaneous variation in surface emissivity, heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity with respect to temperature under natural convection and radiation condition in a totally wetted longitudinal porous fin.
Effect of middle managers’ cultural intelligence on firms’ innovation performance
Authors: Berraies Sarra 
Published: December 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioral dimensions of the middle managers’ cultural intelligence (CQ) on firms’ innovation performance in a context of cultural diversity and the mediating role of knowledge sharing in this relationship. The author deepens the analysis by exploring the moderating role of collaborative climate (CC) on the link between CQ and KS.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted on 186 foreign middle managers working in Tunisian firms. The data analysis was performed via the partial least square method.FindingsThe results revealed that middle managers’ metacognitive CQ has a positive effect on KS, which in turn enhances firms’ innovation performance. In this line, KS partially mediates the relationship between metacogntive CQ and innovation performance. Findings also indicate that CC moderates the link between three dimensions of CQ, namely metacognitive, behavioral and motivational CQs and KS.Originality/valueThe paper sheds lights on the contribution of middle managers’ CQ and the CC within firms to the KS and innovation performance in a context of cultural diversity. At the best of the author’s knowledge, the links among these variables had not been empirically examined, especially involving samples of middle managers. This study offers important insights for managers by providing them with tools to improve KS and firms’ innovation.
Scattering pattern analysis and true‐amplitude generalized Radon transform migration for acoustic transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry
Authors: Liang Quan , Ouyang Wei , Mao Weijian , Cheng Shijun 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn multi‐parameter ray‐based anisotropic migration/inversion, it is essential that we have an understanding of the scattering mechanism corresponding to parameter perturbations. Because the complex nonlinearity in the anisotropic inversion problem is intractable, the construction of true‐amplitude linearized migration/inversion procedures is needed and important. By using the acoustic medium assumption for transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry and representing the anisotropy with P‐wave normal moveout velocity, Thomsen parameter δ and anelliptic parameter η, we formalize the linearized inverse scattering problem for three‐dimensional pseudo‐acoustic equations. Deploying the single‐scattering approximation and an elliptically anisotropic background introduces a new linear integral operator that connects the discontinuous perturbation parameters with the multi‐shot/multi‐offset P‐wave scattered data. We further apply the high‐frequency asymptotic Green's function and its derivatives to the integral operator, and then the scattering pattern of each perturbation parameter can be explicitly presented. By naturally establishing a connection to generalized Radon transform, the pseudo‐inverse of the integral operator can be solved by the generalized Radon transform inversion. In consideration of the structure of this pseudo‐inverse operator, the computational implementation is done pointwise by shooting a fan of rays from the target imaging area towards the acquisition system. Results from two‐dimensional numerical tests show amplitude‐preserving images with high quality.
Blockade of 5‐HT2 receptors with sarpogrelate uncovers 5‐HT7 receptors inhibiting the tachycardic sympathetic drive in pithed rats
Authors: Hernández‐Abreu Oswaldo I. , García‐Pedraza José Á. , Rivera‐Mancilla Eduardo , Villanueva‐Castillo Belinda , Morán Asunción , García‐Domingo Mónica , Manrique‐Maldonado Guadalupe , Altamirano‐Espinoza Alain H. , Villalón Carlos M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOur group has previously shown in pithed rats that the cardiac sympathetic drive, which produces tachycardic responses, is inhibited by 5‐HT via the activation of prejunctional 5‐HT1B/1D/5 receptors. Interestingly, when 5‐HT2 receptors are chronically blocked with sarpogrelate, the additional role of cardiac sympatho‐inhibitory 5‐HT1F receptors is unmasked. Although 5‐HT2 receptors mediate tachycardia in rats, and the chronic blockade of 5‐HT2 receptors unmasked 5‐HT7 receptors mediating cardiac vagal inhibition, the role of 5‐HT7 receptors in the modulation of the cardiac sympathetic tone remains virtually unexplored. On this basis, male Wistar rats were pretreated during 14 days with sarpogrelate (a 5‐HT2 receptor antagonist) in drinking water (30 mg/kg/day; sarpogrelate‐pretreated group) or equivalent volumes of drinking water (control group). Subsequently, the rats were pithed to produce increases in heart rate by either electrical preganglionic spinal (C7‐T1) stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic drive or iv administration of exogenous noradrenaline. The iv continuous infusion of AS‐19 (a 5‐HT7 receptor agonist; 10 µg/kg/min) (i) inhibited the tachycardic responses to sympathetic stimulation, but not those to exogenous noradrenaline only in sarpogrelate‐pretreated rats. This inhibition was completely reversed by SB258719 (a selective 5‐HT7 receptor antagonist; 1 mg/kg, iv) or glibenclamide (an ATP‐sensitive K+ channel blocker; 20 mg/kg, iv). These results suggest that chronic 5‐HT2 receptor blockade uncovers a cardiac sympatho‐inhibitory mechanism mediated by 5‐HT7 receptors, involving a hyperpolarization due to the opening of ATP‐sensitive K+ channels. Thus, these findings support the role of 5‐HT7 receptors in the modulation of the cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission.
Risk variables associated with abnormal calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels among emergency department patients
Authors: Taylor David McD , Date Patrick A , Ugoni Antony , Smith Jesse L , Spencer William S , de Tonnerre Erik J , Yeoh Michael J 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe utility of calcium, magnesium and phosphate measurement in the ED is limited. We aimed to determine clinical risk variables for abnormal levels of these electrolytes in order to inform the development of an ordering guideline.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, observational study of patients who presented to a tertiary referral ED between January and June 2017. Adult patients who had serum calcium, magnesium or phosphate tests completed during their ED stay were included. Presenting symptoms and signs, comorbidities, medication use and laboratory values were extracted from the medical record. Patients with missing data items were excluded. Logistic regression models determined clinical risk variables associated with low and high levels of each electrolyte.ResultsA total of 33 120 adults presented during the study period. Of the 1679 calcium, 1576 magnesium and 1511 phosphate tests, 228 (13.6%), 158 (10.0%) and 387 (25.6%) were abnormal, respectively. Significant risk variables (P < 0.05) for abnormal levels were: hypocalcaemia – vomiting, perioral numbness, hand/foot spasm, calcium and phosphate supplements and chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR] range 5.9–17.3); hypercalcaemia – female sex, vomiting, polyuria, confusion, hyperparathyroidism, cancer and type 1 diabetes (OR range 2.3–9.7); hypomagnesemia – female sex, proton pump inhibitor use, tacrolimus use, alcohol abuse and type 2 diabetes (OR range 2.2–13.1); hypermagnesemia – lethargy, thiazide use and chronic kidney disease (OR range 4.3–4.5); hypophosphatemia – nausea, seizure and glucocorticoid use (OR range 1.7–2.1); and hyperphosphataemia – polyuria, diuretics and chronic kidney disease (OR range 1.9–5.0).ConclusionA range of demographic, comorbid, medication and clinical variables are associated with abnormal calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels. These findings will inform the development of clinical guidelines to rationalise calcium, magnesium and phosphate testing. Justification may be required for testing patients with no risk variables.
Reference intervals for serum 1,5‐anhydroglucitol of a population with normal glucose tolerance in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Chen Cheng , Wang Xiaohang , Tan Yuanyuan , Yang Jiao , Yuan Yuexing , Chen Juan , Guo Haijian , Wang Bei , Sun Ziling , Wang Yao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSerum 1,5‐anhydroglucitol (1,5‐AG) is a new glycemic marker which can reflect glucose fluctuation over 3 to 7 days and is now increasingly used to monitor glucose control and to screen for diabetes. However, 1,5‐AG has not been widely used in China due to lack of epidemiological support. Our study aims to establish the reference intervals for a population with normal glucose tolerance in Jiangsu Province and to explore the determinants of these intervals.MethodThe study enrolled 646 healthy adults aged 20 to 70 years in Jiangsu Province in 2018 after oral glucose tolerance test. 1,5‐AG, fasting and 2‐hour glucose, UA, liver enzyme, serum lipid, creatinine, and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured. We calculated reference intervals using the parametric method and examined the relationship between 1,5‐AG and influence factors.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 50.5 ± 9.0 years, and 69.5% of them were females. The reference intervals were 15.8 to 52.6 μg/mL for males and 14.3 to 48.0 μg/mL for females. Among females, the reference intervals were 13.9 to 45.3 and 14.6 to 49.6 μg/mL for menopausal and postmenopausal females, respectively. Males showed higher 1,5‐AG concentrations than females, and postmenopausal females had higher 1,5‐AG than menopausal females. There was a positive correlation between uric acid and 1,5‐AG in both genders. Positive correlation between 1,5‐AG and age was only observed in females.ConclusionWe established reference intervals for 1,5‐AG in Jiangsu Province, and the level of 1,5‐AG is affected by sex, uric acid, and age.
Flagellum expression and swimming activity by the zoonotic pathogen Escherichia albertii
Authors: Murakami Koichi , Kimura Shinya , Nagafuchi Osamu , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Onozuka Daisuke , Mizukoshi Fuminori , Tsukagoshi Hiroyuki , Ishioka Taisei , Asai Tetsuo , Hirai Shinichiro , Musashi Manami , Suzuki Motoi , Ohnishi Makoto , Oishi Kazunori , Saruki Nobuhiro , Kimura Hirokazu , Iyoda Sunao , Kuroda Makoto , Fujimoto Shuji 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFlagella are the well‐known structural appendages used by bacteria for motility. Although generally reported to be non‐motile, the enteropathogenic bacterial species Escherichia albertii produces flagella intermittently. We found that E. albertii expressed flagella under specific environmental conditions. After several generations (involving 4 to 12‐h incubations), six of the twelve strains we investigated displayed swimming motility in various aquatic environments, including pond water containing nutrients from pigeon droppings (10% suspension) as well as in 20 × −diluted tryptic soy broth. The most significant motility determinant was a temperature between 15 and 30 °C. At 20 °C in the 10% pigeon‐dropping suspension, microscopic observations revealed that some cells (1%–95% of six strains) showed swimming motility. Electron microscopy showed that the E. albertii cells expressed flagella. Lower concentrations of some substrates (including nutrients) may be of secondary importance for E. albertii flagella expression. Interestingly, the non‐motile strains (n = 6/12) contained pseudogenes corresponding to essential flagella structural proteins. After being released from its host into surface water, E. albertii may express flagella to move toward nutrient sources or new hosts.
Dentinal tubule penetration and root canal cleanliness following ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated sodium hypochlorite
Authors: Iandolo Alfredo , Abdellatif Dina , Amato Massimo , Pantaleo Giuseppe , Blasi Andrea , Franco Vittorio , Neelakantan Prasanna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on its dentinal tubular penetration and root canal cleanliness in vitro. In experiment 1, mandibular premolars were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8): group A, ultrasonic activation; group B, ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated NaOCl and group C, syringe‐and‐needle irrigation. Penetration of the fluorescent‐labelled NaOCl was investigated using light microscopy. In experiment 2, mandibular premolars were randomly allocated to group B or C (n = 10), for histological analysis of the remaining pulp tissue and debris. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (P = 0.05). The highest penetration of NaOCl was observed in group B, followed by group A (P < 0.05). Group B showed significantly less amount of debris than group C (P < 0.05). Dentinal tubule penetration of NaOCl and root canal cleanliness were significantly improved by ultrasonic activation of intracanal‐heated NaOCl.