bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-1 Transcriptional Responses to Lipopolysaccharides Are Regulated by a Complex of RNA Binding Proteins
Authors: Shi Lihua , Song Li , Maurer Kelly , Dou Ying , Patel Vishesh R. , Su Chun , Leonard Michelle E. , Lu Sumei , Hodge Kenyaita M. , Torres Annabel , Chesi Alessandra , Grant Struan F. A. , Wells Andrew D. , Zhang Zhe , Petri Michelle A. , Sullivan Kathleen E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The IL1A and IL1B genes lie in close proximity on chromosome 2 near the gene for their natural inhibitor, IL1RN. Despite diverse functions, they are all three inducible through TLR4 signaling but with distinct kinetics. This study analyzed transcriptional induction kinetics, chromosome looping, and enhancer RNA production to understand the distinct regulation of these three genes in human cells. IL1A, IL1B, and IL1RN were rapidly induced after stimulation with LPS; however, IL1B mRNA production was less inhibitable by iBET151, suggesting it does not use pause-release regulation. Surprisingly, chromatin looping contacts between IL1A and IL1B were highly intermingled, although those of IL1RN were distinct, and we focused on comparing IL1A and IL1B transcriptional pathways. Our studies demonstrated that enhancer RNAs were produced from a subset of the regulatory regions, that they were critical for production of the mRNAs, and that they bound a diverse array of RNA binding proteins, including p300 but not CBP. We, furthermore, demonstrated that recruitment of p300 was dependent on MAPKs. Integrator is another RNA binding protein recruited to the promoters and enhancers, and its recruitment was more dependent on NF-κB than MAPKs. We found that integrator and NELF, an RNA polymerase II pausing protein, were associated with RNA in a manner that facilitated interaction. We conclude that IL1A and IL1B share many regulatory contacts, signaling pathways, and interactions with enhancer RNAs. A complex of protein interactions with enhancer RNAs emphasize the role of enhancer RNAs and the overall structural aspects of transcriptional regulation.
Helminth Coinfection Alters Monocyte Activation, Polarization, and Function in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Munisankar Saravanan , Dolla Chandrakumar , Menon Pradeep A. , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Helminth infections are known to influence T and B cell responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Whether helminth infections also modulate monocyte responses in helminth–LTBI coinfection has not been fully explored. To this end, we examined the activation, polarization, and function of human monocytes isolated from individuals with LTBI with (n = 25) or without (n = 25) coincident Strongyloides stercoralis infection (S. stercoralis–positive and S. stercoralis–negative respectively). Our data reveal that the presence of S. stercoralis infection is associated with lower frequencies of monocytes expressing CD54, CD80, CD86 at baseline (absence of stimulation) and in response to mycobacterial-Ag stimulation than monocytes from S. stercoralis–negative individuals. In contrast, S. stercoralis infection was associated with higher frequencies of M2-like monocytes, as determined by expression of CD206 and CD163. Monocytes from S. stercoralis–positive individuals had a reduced capacity to phagocytose or exhibit respiratory burst activity following mycobacterial-Ag or LPS stimulation and were less capable of expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 at baseline and/or following Ag stimulation compared with those without S. stercoralis infection. In addition, definitive treatment of S. stercoralis infection resulted in a significant reversal of the altered monocyte function 6 mo after anthelmintic therapy. Finally, T cells from S. stercoralis–positive individuals exhibited significantly lower activation at baseline or following mycobacterial-Ag stimulation. Therefore, our data highlight the induction of dampened monocyte activation, enhanced M2 polarization, and impaired monocyte function in helminth–LTBI coinfection. Our data also reveal a different mechanism by which helminth infection modulates immune function in LTBI.
Evaluation of the Best Procurement Time for Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] Root by Liquid Chromatographic and Pharmacognostical Studies
Authors: Sharma Neelima , Cheemalapati Venkata N , Mangal Anupam K , Srikanth Narayanam , Murthy Soma N 
Published: January 2020

Aim:The present study was undertaken to establish the best procurement time for collection ofAshwagandha[Withania somnifera(L.) Dunal] root by analyzing the variation in bioactive secondary metabolite during six seasons by quantitative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and comparative pharmacognosy by taking into consideration the Ayurvedic literature. InAyurveda, Sharad rituhas been prescribed for procurement of crude drugs. But the description for procurement of useful part of individual plants is not mentioned anywhere in the literature. Therefore, to establish the best time for collection, the present study has been taken up.Materials and methods:To establish the best time for collection,Ashwagandharoot was collected from the same habitat in all six seasons described in Ayurveda: i.e.,Shishir(January-February),Vasant(March-April),Grishm(May-June),Varsha(July-August),Sharad(September-October), andHemant(November-December). Authentication of the source of collected plant was carried out in the herbarium NVARI, Jhansi. Identification and authentication of the collected plant material through macro-, micro-, and powder microscopic studies were carried out besides extraction and its quantitative HPLC evaluation for the best procurement time for all six seasons.Results:The present study showed that internal microscopical features remain the same throughout the year, although a variation was observed in extractive values and selective marker compound. Withanolide A was taken as a selected marker compound and was quantified in samples collected in each season by HPLC. An extractive value was found to be maximum at 0.77 g in the sample collected inSharad ritufor methanol extract. HPLC estimation showed that the abundance of Withanolide A is more up to 0.183% in theHemant ritusample among all seasons.
Safety Concerns on Ayurvedic Herbomineral Formulations–Myth or Reality?
Authors: Kaushik Shreshtha , Singh Rohit , Yadav Pramod , Ruknuddin Galib , Prajapati Pradeep Kumar 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Ayurveda, systematically evolved science of the universe, focuses on preventing, preserving health, and curing diseases in a comprehensive way. This heritage is survived through the ages and Ministry of Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) took a number of initiatives to showcase its usefulness at global levels. Exclusive and extensive use of various metals and minerals in therapeutics is an integral part in Ayurveda. But, safety and toxicity concerns in the past couple of decades opened debates in conventional community, which attempted to malign the glory of Ayurveda.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to review classical concepts and published researches on metallic formulations and generate evidences inferring the effectiveness and safety of Ayurveda interventions in different pathologies.

Results:
Classical Ayurveda texts are filled with comprehensive information pertaining to drug collection, storage and preservation methods, standards of raw materials, standard operative procedures for different dosage forms, quality control aspects for finished products, shelf life, posology, safety, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) on inappropriate use of medicines and their management, concurrent diet advices, etc., to avoid possible ill effects. It infers that the seers were well studied about good collection practices (GCPs), good storage practices (GSPs), good manufacturing processes (GMPs), therapeutic use of such formulations, good dispensing practices (GDPs), good agricultural and collection practices (GACPs), etc., and took maximum care in the management of diseases. To substantiate classical concepts, a good number of studies on herbomineral and metallic formulations have been conducted that have proven their safety and efficacy.

Conclusion:
It can be said that rational use of Ayurvedic formulations is well established before the period of Charaka Samhita, more than 5,000 BC. All the safety and efficacy concerns raised in the recent past are possibly some part of conspiracy that needs to be addressed systematically.
Critical Review of Controversial Herbs of Surasadi gana Mentioned in Sushruta Samhita
Authors: Deogade Meena S , Kethamakka Shivarama P 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Medicinal plant controversy either in identification or accompanied usage of nomenclature disturbs the quality of formulation and practices. Common controversies (Sandigdhata) cause misinterpretations for the identification of plants as the description is present in Sanskrit. Fifteen herbs of Surasadi gana of Sushruta are either in a state of controversy or have doubtful identity.

Materials and methods:
To resolve the controversy, the PRISMA model of data collection is undertaken. Nomenclature and morphological characters of controversial Surasadi gana herbs were collected from different texts.

Observation and results:
All fifteen herbs of controversy are determined to possible extent based on the methodology used in the study.

Conclusion:
The controversies of Surasadi gana herbs are clarified through synonyms and morphological characters to its botanical identity. In addition, necessary revalidations of these herbs with their therapeutic values need to be studied further.
Ice core records of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic and vanillic acids from Aurora Peak in Alaska since the 1660s: a proxy signal of biomass-burning activities in the North Pacific Rim
Authors: Pokhrel Ambarish , Kawamura Kimitaka , Kunwar Bhagawati , Ono Kaori , Tsushima Akane , Seki Osamu , Matoba Sumio , Shiraiwa Takayuki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A 180 m long (343 years) ice core was drilled in the saddle of Aurora Peak
in Alaska (63.52∘ N, 146.54∘ W; elevation: 2825 m) and
studied for biomass-burning tracers. Concentrations of levoglucosan and
dehydroabietic and vanillic acids exhibit multidecadal variability, with
higher spikes in 1678, 1692, 1695, 1716, 1750, 1764, 1756, 1834, 1898,
1913, 1966 and 2005 CE. Historical trends of these compounds showed
enhanced biomass-burning activities in the deciduous broadleaf forests,
boreal conifer forests, and/or tundra woodland and mountain ecosystems before
the 1830s and after the Great Pacific Climate Shift (GPCS). The gradually
elevated level of dehydroabietic acid after the GPCS is similar to
p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) from the Svalbard ice core, suggesting common
climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere. The periodic cycle of
levoglucosan, which seemed to be associated with the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation (PDO), may be more involved with the long-range atmospheric
transport than other species. These compounds showed significant
correlations with global lower-tropospheric temperature anomalies (GLTTAs).
The relations of the biomass-burning tracers with the PDO and GLTTA in this
study suggest that their emission, frequency and deposition are controlled
by the climate-driven forces. In addition, historical trends of
dehydroabietic and vanillic acids (burning products of resin and lignin,
respectively) from our ice core demonstrate the Northern Hemispheric
connections to the common source regions as suggested from other ice core
studies from Svalbard, Akademii Nauk and Tunu Greenland in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Evidence of vertical coupling: meteorological storm Fabienne on 23 September 2018 and its related effects observed up to the ionosphere
Authors: Koucká Knížová Petra , Podolská Kateřina , Potužníková Kateřina , Kouba Daniel , Mošna Zbyšek , Boška Josef , Kozubek Michal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A severe meteorological storm system on the frontal border of
cyclone Fabienne passing above central Europe was observed on 23–24 September 2018. Large meteorological systems are considered to be important
sources of the wave-like variability visible/detectable through the
atmosphere and even up to ionospheric heights. Significant departures from
regular courses of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters were detected in
all analyzed datasets through atmospheric heights. Above Europe,
stratospheric temperature and wind significantly changed in coincidence with
fast frontal transition (100–110 km h−1). Zonal wind at 1 and 0.1 hPa
changes from the usual westward before the storm to eastward after the storm. With this
change are connected changes in temperature where at 1 hPa the analyzed area is
colder and at 0.1 hPa warmer. Within ionospheric parameters, we have
detected significant wave-like activity occurring shortly after the cold
front crossed the observational point. During the storm event, both by
Digisonde DPS-4D and continuous Doppler sounding equipment, we have observed
strong horizontal plasma flow shears and time-limited increase plasma flow
in both the northern and western components of ionospheric drift. The vertical component
of plasma flow during the storm event is smaller with respect to
the corresponding values on preceding days. The analyzed event of an exceptionally fast cold front of cyclone Fabienne fell
into the recovery phase of a minor–moderate geomagnetic storm observed as a
negative ionospheric storm at European mid-latitudes. Hence, ionospheric
observations consist both of disturbances induced by moderate geomagnetic
storms and effects originating in convective activity in the troposphere.
Nevertheless, taking into account a significant change in the global circulation
pattern in the stratosphere, we conclude that most of the observed wave-like
oscillations in the ionosphere during the night of 23–24 September can be directly
attributed to the propagation of atmospheric waves launched on the frontal
border (cold front) of cyclone Fabienne. The frontal system acted as an
effective source of atmospheric waves propagating upward up to the
ionosphere.
Tropical and mid-latitude teleconnections interacting with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall: a theory-guided causal effect network approach
Authors: Di Capua Giorgia , Kretschmer Marlene , Donner Reik V. , van den Hurk Bart , Vellore Ramesh , Krishnan Raghavan , Coumou Dim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The alternation of active and break phases in Indian summer monsoon
(ISM) rainfall at intraseasonal timescales characterizes each ISM season.
Both tropical and mid-latitude drivers influence this intraseasonal ISM
variability. The circumglobal teleconnection observed in boreal summer
drives intraseasonal variability across the mid-latitudes, and a two-way
interaction between the ISM and the circumglobal teleconnection pattern has
been hypothesized. We use causal discovery algorithms to test the
ISM circumglobal teleconnection hypothesis in a causal framework. A robust
causal link from the circumglobal teleconnection pattern and the North
Atlantic region to ISM rainfall is identified, and we estimate the normalized
causal effect (CE) of this link to be about 0.2 (a 1 standard deviation
shift in the circumglobal teleconnection causes a 0.2 standard deviation
shift in the ISM rainfall 1 week later). The ISM rainfall feeds back on
the circumglobal teleconnection pattern, however weakly. Moreover, we
identify a negative feedback between strong updraft located over India and
the Bay of Bengal and the ISM rainfall acting at a biweekly timescale, with
enhanced ISM rainfall following strong updraft by 1 week. This mechanism
is possibly related to the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. The
updraft has the strongest CE of 0.5, while the Madden–Julian oscillation
variability has a CE of 0.2–0.3. Our results show that most of the ISM
variability on weekly timescales comes from these tropical drivers, though
the mid-latitude teleconnection also exerts a substantial influence.
Identifying these local and remote drivers paves the way for improved
subseasonal forecasts.
Characterisation of subglacial water using a constrained transdimensional Bayesian transient electromagnetic inversion
Authors: Killingbeck Siobhan F. , Booth Adam D. , Livermore Philip W. , Bates C. Richard , West Landis J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Subglacial water modulates glacier-bed friction and therefore is of
fundamental importance when characterising the dynamics of ice masses. The
state of subglacial pore water, whether liquid or frozen, is associated with
differences in electrical resistivity that span several orders of magnitude;
hence, liquid water can be inferred from electrical resistivity depth
profiles. Such profiles can be obtained from inversions of transient
(time-domain) electromagnetic (TEM) soundings, but these are often
non-unique. Here, we adapt an existing Bayesian transdimensional algorithm
(Multimodal Layered Transdimensional Inversion – MuLTI) to the inversion of TEM data using independent depth constraints
to provide statistical properties and uncertainty analysis of the
resistivity profile with depth. The method was applied to ground-based TEM
data acquired on the terminus of the Norwegian glacier, Midtdalsbreen, with
depth constraints provided by co-located ground-penetrating radar data. Our
inversion shows that the glacier bed is directly underlain by material of
resistivity 102 Ωm ± 1000 %, with thickness 5–40 m, in
turn underlain by a highly conductive basement (100 Ωm ± 15 %).
High-resistivity material, 5×104 Ωm ± 25 %,
exists at the front of the glacier. All uncertainties are defined by the
interquartile range of the posterior resistivity distribution. Combining
these resistivity profiles with those from co-located seismic shear-wave
velocity inversions to further reduce ambiguity in the hydrogeological
interpretation of the subsurface, we propose a new 3-D interpretation in
which the Midtdalsbreen subglacial material is partitioned into partially
frozen sediment, frozen sediment/permafrost and weathered/fractured bedrock
with saline water.
Analysing Deposition and Site Formation Processes in Medieval Cess
Pits Using Bone Fragmentation
Authors: Johnson Emily V. , Forsyth-Magee Hayley , Hogg Ian 
Published: January 2020

Signatures of animal bone fragmentation have huge potential for understanding
deposition and archaeological site formation processes, yet they are scarcely
studied, especially in medieval urban contexts. Archaeological investigations at
1–5 Benjamin Street, Farringdon uncovered a number of medieval cess pits
and other contexts associated with the Hospitaller Priory of St John of
Jerusalem. The well-preserved zooarchaeological assemblage from these contexts
was deemed an excellent case study for in-depth bone fragmentation analysis to
both test and display the utility of the method at this type of site.
The analysis revealed that material from the lowest fills of the cess pits
differed from the upper fills in that fragmentation was more intensive. Based on
the size and weight of fragments, and surface modifications related to burning
and taphonomy, we postulate that floor and hearth sweepings were occasionally
deposited in the cess pits whilst they were in use. This material was likely
further fragmented when cess pits were periodically emptied. Faunal specimens in
the upper fills have different fragmentation and taphonomic signatures and more
likely relate to opportunistic refuse deposition or capping after the use of the
cess pits. This analysis shows the archaeological potential of this approach
when aligned with specific research questions concerning deposition.
Green Consumer Behavior: Evidence From the Brazil – Uruguay Border Region
Authors: Vieira Pereira Juliana Dachi , Viana João Garibaldi Almeida , Alves Ricardo Ribeiro 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar o comportamento de compra do consumidor ecologicamente consciente na fronteira Brasil-Uruguai, dando especial atenção a influência das características sociodemográficas e psicográficas no comportamento do consumidor.Método: A pesquisa teve um caráter descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, por meio da utilização de um survey em uma amostra de 134 consumidores nos municípios de Santana do Livramento (Brasil) e Rivera (Uruguai). As técnicas de análise dos dados utilizadas foram estatística descritiva, teste de hipóteses e regressão linear.Originalidade/Relevância: A preocupação ambiental e o impacto do consumo desordenado nas sociedades são temas de destaque na literatura atual. Neste contexto emerge uma tendência de um comportamento mais consciente pelo consumidor, direcionando as empresas para um mercado sustentável. O desafio dessa nova dinâmica de consumo é descobrir quais fatores levam o consumidor a optar por um produto específico.Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que os respondentes apresentam um comportamento ecologicamente consciente médio-elevado. Para explicar o comportamento do consumidor verde, os parâmetros dos modelos de regressão indicaram uma maior relevância das características psicográficas em relação às sociodemográficas, com especial importância para a variável de eficácia percebida. Ainda, as estimações apontaram que quanto mais elevada a consciência ecológica do consumidor, maior será sua intenção de compra por produtos sustentáveis.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Os resultados do estudo podem subsidiar profissionais de marketing no planejamento de campanhas a fim de alcançar o consumidor verde de forma mais efetiva, além de ampliar os esforços de investigação na área do Marketing Ambiental.
Overcoming the contamination and choosing used products
Authors: Costa Júnior Júlio César , Carvalho Filho Paulo Marcelo Bechara , Jerônimo Taciana Barros , Melo Francisco Vicente Sales 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi confirmar a ocorrência do fenômeno da contaminação de um item pelo seu proprietário, em uma perspectiva antropológica. Também, buscou-se investigar a influência deste e de outros elementos, como a consciência no consumo e a renda, sobre a propensão do indivíduo à compra de produtos usados.Relevância: Apesar da popularidade da compra de usados por meio de plataformas virtuais e das consequências positivas para o bem estar do consumidor, as motivações que levam a este comportamento parecem pouco definidas. Outrossim, há barreiras relacionadas à aquisição destes itens que transcendem a racionalidade e lógica quanto ao comportamento de compra.Método: Foi realizada uma investigação quantitativa com survey eletrônico aplicado à amostra do tipo conveniência. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de testes estatísticos descritivos, correlacionais, análise fatorial exploratória, ANOVA de um fator etestes GLM (General Linear Model).Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: As principais contribuições acadêmicas da pesquisa concernem a constatação da existência do fenômeno da contaminação e ao desenvolvimento de um instrumento para mensurar este construto.Resultados: Os resultados encontrados confirmam a existência do fenômeno da contaminação, em uma perspectiva antropológica, e a hipótese genérica de um consumidor maximizador de valor cuja atitude positiva para o consumo consciente não costuma resultar em comportamentos condizentes. No entanto, em desacordo com outras pesquisas, verificou-se que a predisposição à compra de produtos usados não está associada significativamente à renda.