bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Epigenetic Methylation Signatures With Clinical Value in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Moret-Tatay Inés , Cerrillo Elena , Sáez-González Esteban , Hervás David , Iborra Marisa , Sandoval Juan , Busó Enrique , Tortosa Luis , Nos Pilar , Beltrán Belén 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression and represents an important link between genotype, environment, and disease. It is a reversible and inheritable mechanism that could offer treatment targets. We aimed to assess the methylation changes on specific genes previously associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and to study their possible associations with the pathology.

METHODS:
We included 103 participants and grouped them into 2 cohorts (a first [n = 31] and a second validation [n = 72] cohort), with active CD (aCD) and inactive CD (iCD) and healthy participants (CTR). DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood and analyzed by the Agena platform. The selected genes were catalase (CAT), α-defensin 5 (DEFA5), FasR, FasL, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B,
PPA2, ABCB1, NOD2, PPARγ, and PKCζ. We used the elastic net algorithm and R software.

RESULTS:
We studied 240 CpGs. Sixteen CpGs showed differential methylation profiles among aCD, iCD, and CTR. We selected for validation those with the greatest differences: DEFA5 CpG_11; CpG_13; CAT CpG_31.32; TNF CpG_4, CpG_12; and ABCB1 CpG_21. Our results validated the genes DEFA5 (methylation gain) and TNF (methylation loss) with P values < 0.001. In both cases, the methylation level was maintained and did not change with CD activity (aCD vs iCD). The subanalysis comparison between aCD and iCD showed significant differential methylation profiles in other CpGs: TNF, FAS,
ABCB1, CAT, and TNFRS1BF genes.

DISCUSSION:
The methylation status of DEFA5 and TNF genes provides a signature biomarker that characterizes patients with CD and supports the possible implication of the environment and the immune system in CD pathogenesis.
Influence of Gastric Emptying and Gut Transit Testing on Clinical Management Decisions in Suspected Gastroparesis
Authors: Hasler William L. , Rao Satish S. C. , McCallum Richard W. , Krause Richard A. , Nguyen Linda A. , Schulman Michael I. , Lee Allen A. , Moshiree Baharak , Wo John M. , Parkman Henry P. , Sarosiek Irene , Wilding Gregory E. , Kuo Braden 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) or wireless motility capsules (WMCs) can evaluate upper gastrointestinal symptoms in suspected gastroparesis; WMC tests can also investigate lower gut symptoms. We aimed to determine whether these tests impact treatment plans and needs for additional diagnostic evaluation.

METHODS:
In a prospective, multicenter study, 150 patients with gastroparesis symptoms simultaneously underwent GES and WMC testing. Based on these results, investigators devised management plans to recommend changes in medications, diet, and surgical therapies and order additional diagnostic tests.

RESULTS:
Treatment changes were recommended more often based on the WMC vs GES results (68% vs 48%) (P < 0.0001). Ordering of additional test(s) was eliminated more often with WMC vs GES (71% vs 31%) (P < 0.0001). Prokinetics (P = 0.0007) and laxatives (P < 0.0001) were recommended more often based on the WMC vs GES results. Recommendations for prokinetics and gastroparesis diets were higher and neuromodulators lower in subjects with delayed emptying on both tests (all P ≤ 0.0006). Laxatives and additional motility tests were ordered more frequently for delayed compared with normal WMC colonic transit (P ≤ 0.02). Multiple motility tests were ordered more often on the basis of GES vs WMC findings (P ≤ 0.004). Antidumping diets and transit slowing medications were more commonly recommended for rapid WMC gastric emptying (P ≤ 0.03).

DISCUSSION:
WMC transit results promote medication changes and eliminate additional diagnostic testing more often than GES because of greater detection of delayed gastric emptying and profiling the entire gastrointestinal tract in patients with gastroparesis symptoms.

TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:
Gastric scintigraphy and WMCs have differential impact on management decisions in suspected gastroparesis.
‘The planks of the Ark’: Isho‘dad of Merv, John Malalas and the Syriac chronicle tradition
Authors: Hilkens Andy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the middle of the ninth century, Isho‘dad of Merv, the East Syrian bishop of Haditha wrote extensive commentaries on all of the books of the Old and the New Testament, using a variety of sources, not only exegetical ones. This article offers the first (partial) reconstruction of Isho‘dad’s Syriac chronographic source, on the basis of a comparison of material in his commentaries on the Old Testament with two Syrian Orthodox chronicles (Michael the Syrian and the Anonymous Chronicle of 1234) and one Arabic Melkite chronicle (Agapius of Mabbug). It will be argued that this Syriac chronicle was written between the middle of the sixth century and the middle of the ninth century and was influenced by a variety of sources, most notably the Syriac Chronicle of Andronicus and the Chronicle Epitome of John Malalas.
Michael Panaretos in context. A historiographical study of the chronicle On the emperors of Trebizond
Authors: Kennedy Scott 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has often been said it would be impossible to write the history of the empire of Trebizond (1204-1461) without the terse and often frustratingly laconic chronicle of the Grand Komnenoi by the protonotarios of Alexios III (1349-1390), Michael Panaretos. While recent scholarship has infinitely enhanced our knowledge of the world in which Panaretos lived, it has been approximately seventy years since a scholar dedicated a historiographical study to the text. This study examines the world that Panaretos wanted posterity to see, examining how his post as imperial secretary and his use of sources shaped his representation of reality, whether that reality was Trebizond’s experience of foreigners, the reign of Alexios III, or a narrative that showed the superiority of Trebizond on the international stage. Finally by scrutinizing Panaretos in this way, this paper also illuminates how modern historians of Trebizond have been led astray by the chronicler, unaware of how Panaretos selected material for inclusion for the narratives of his chronicle.
Between conservation and restoration: the wall paintings in the church of the Crusaders in Abu Gosh and the authentication of the site as Emmaus
Authors: Ouizemann Rachel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The wall paintings in the Crusader church in Abu Gosh were conserved and restored in two different operations in the last thirty years. While the conservation revealed new iconographies of the original wall paintings, the restoration added and changed details. The discernment between the two allows us once again to discuss the meaning of the original Crusader decoration program as a whole. This article argues that the frescoes decorating the church reference a set of prominent sacred places in the Holy Land, and suggests an interpretation of the murals in regard to the holy place to which it is linked and to the edifice it adorns.
Macro vitamin B12: an underestimated threat
Authors: Soleimani Reza , Favresse Julien , Roy Tatiana , Gruson Damien , Fillée Catherine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The correct identification of the macro-B12 interference (macroforms) is paramount to avoid potential erroneous clinical decisions. Our objectives were to determine whether immunoassays are affected by the presence of macro-B12 and to validate a polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation procedure to detect it.

Methods
Sixty-two serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers were analyzed to determine recovery and reference intervals (RIs) following PEG precipitation. Thereafter, 50 serum samples with very high levels of B12 (>1476 pmol/L) were randomly selected to search for macro-B12 interferences. Serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers and related PEG aliquots were analyzed on a Cobas® immunoassay. Patients’ samples were analyzed on both Cobas® and Architect® immunoassays. Finally, samples suspected to contain macro-B12 were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to confirm the presence of macro-B12.

Results
Recovery and post-PEG RIs determined on a Cobas 8000® in healthy volunteers ranged from 68.3% to 108.4% and from 122.1 to 514.4 pmol/L, respectively. Fifteen samples (30%) were found to show macro-B12 while using the recovery criteria, and nine samples (18%) while using the post-PEG RI. The other immunoassay ran on the Architect i2000® was also affected by the presence of macro-B12. Size-exclusion chromatography studies confirmed the presence of macro-B12 (immunoglobulin-B12 complexes).

Conclusions
The prevalence of macro-B12 in elevated B12 samples is high. We suggest to systematically screen for the presence of macro-B12 with PEG precipitation procedure in samples with elevated B12 levels to avoid potential misdiagnosis or harmful clinical consequences.
Crustacean shell bio-refining to chitin by natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Bradić Bojana , Novak Uroš , Likozar Blaž 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study provides a complete evaluation of a sustainable zero-waste process for the recovery of added value biomaterials from the abundant shrimp shell biomass waste using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). The process parameters for the fractionation of α-chitin, minerals and protein was followed using on-line measurements. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of isolated chitin, minerals and solvent waste streams were examined. The dominant fractionation mechanisms are explained through the analysis of the liquid and solid fractions. Four of the most promising, and commercially available, NADES consisting on mixtures of Choline Chloride-Lactic Acid (CCLA), Choline Chloride-Malonic Acid (CCMA), Choline Chloride-Urea (CCUR) and Choline Chloride-Citric Acid (CCCA), were tested. The highest chitin extraction yield obtained was < 90% using CCLA, leading to purity higher than 98%. Moreover, it is possible to recycle this particular NADES several times, while having no loss in the shrimp shell fractionation capability.
Ribosome recycling in mRNA translation, quality control, and homeostasis
Authors: Nürenberg-Goloub Elina , Tampé Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Protein biosynthesis is a conserved process, essential for life. Ongoing research for four decades has revealed the structural basis and mechanistic details of most protein biosynthesis steps. Numerous pathways and their regulation have recently been added to the translation system describing protein quality control and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) surveillance, ribosome-associated protein folding and post-translational modification as well as human disorders associated with mRNA and ribosome homeostasis. Thus, translation constitutes a key regulatory process placing the ribosome as a central hub at the crossover of numerous cellular pathways. Here, we describe the role of ribosome recycling by ATP-binding cassette sub-family E member 1 (ABCE1) as a crucial regulatory step controlling the biogenesis of functional proteins and the degradation of aberrant nascent chains in quality control processes.
Intracellular distribution of pseudorabies virus UL2 and detection of its nuclear import mechanism
Authors: Li Meili , Xu Zuo , Zou Xingmei , Wang Yuanfang , Li Yiwen , Ou Xiaowen , Deng Yangxi , Guo Yingjie , Gan Weidong , Chen Daixiong , Peng Tao , Xiao Jing , Cai Mingsheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL2 (pUL2) is a multifunctional protein, which is homologous with herpes simplex virus 1 early protein UL2 (hUL2) and crucial for the viral propagation. Yet, how pUL2 executes its roles in the viral life cycle remain inadequately understood. In order to uncover its effect on the procedure of PRV infection, investigation was performed to examine the subcellular distribution of pUL2 and establish its trafficking mechanism. In the present study, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein or Myc tag fused pUL2 was transiently overexpressed in transfected cells and exhibited an absolutely nuclear accumulation without the existence of other PRV proteins. Additionally, the nuclear trafficking of pUL2 was proved to rely on Ran-, transportin-1, importin β1, importin α1, α3 and α5. Accordingly, these data will benefit the knowledge of pUL2-mediated biological effects in PRV infection cycle.
Platelets as a ‘natural factory’ for growth factor production that sustains normal (and pathological) cell biology
Authors: Andrade Sheila Siqueira , de Sousa Faria Alessandra Valéria , de Paulo Queluz Dagmar , Ferreira-Halder Carmen Veríssima 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelets have attracted substantial attention in the current decade owing to their unexpected pleiotropic properties and conflicted functions. In fact, platelets participate in both health (hemostasis) and disease (thrombotic diseases). Much of the plasticity of platelets comes from the fact that platelets are the reservoir and the ‘natural factory’ of growth factors (GFs), with pivotal functions in wound repair and tissue regeneration. By combining the platelets’ plasticity and biotechnological processes, PlateInnove Biotechnology optimized the production of GFs in nanoparticle biointerfacing by platelet content, which opens an avenue of possibilities.
Proteasomes: unfoldase-assisted protein degradation machines
Authors: Majumder Parijat , Baumeister Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Proteasomes are the principal molecular machines for the regulated degradation of intracellular proteins. These self-compartmentalized macromolecular assemblies selectively degrade misfolded, mistranslated, damaged or otherwise unwanted proteins, and play a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular proteostasis, in stress response, and numerous other processes of vital importance. Whereas the molecular architecture of the proteasome core particle (CP) is universally conserved, the unfoldase modules vary in overall structure, subunit complexity, and regulatory principles. Proteasomal unfoldases are AAA+ ATPases (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities) that unfold protein substrates, and translocate them into the CP for degradation. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about proteasome – unfoldase systems in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, the three domains of life.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mitragynine, the principle alkaloid of Mitragyna speciosa: present knowledge and future directions in perspective of pain
Authors: Ramachandram Dinesh Sangarran , Damodaran Thenmoly , Zainal Hadzliana , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Ramanathan Surash 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Mitragyna speciosa, commonly known as Ketum or Biak in Malaysia and Kratom in Thailand, is a native plant to Southeast Asia and has various pharmacological benefits. Mitragynine (MG) is the principal alkaloid found in the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa and has been reported to be responsible for the plant’s therapeutic actions. Traditionally, local communities use Kratom preparations for relief from different types of pain. The potential analgesic effects of MG using rodent models have been reported in literatures. We have reviewed the published analgesic and pharmacokinetic studies and all of these findings showed the routes of drug administration, doses employed, and type of vehicles used to solubilize the drug, varied considerably; hence this posted difficulties in predicting the drug’s pharmacokinetic-response relationship. A rational approach is warranted for accurate prediction of dose-response relationship; as this is essential for the development of MG as an alternative medicinal drug for pain management. PKPD modeling would serve as a better method to understand the dose-response relationship in future MG preclinical and clinical studies.
Semiconductor nanowire plasmonic lasers
Authors: Li Chun , Liu Zhen , Chen Jie , Gao Yan , Li Meili , Zhang Qing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires (NW) hold great promise for micro/nanolasers owing to their naturally formed resonant microcavity, tightly confined electromagnetic field, and outstanding capability of integration with planar waveguide for on-chip optoelectronic applications. However, constrained by the optical diffraction limit, the dimension of semiconductor lasers cannot be smaller than half the optical wavelength in free space, typically several hundreds of nanometers. Semiconductor NW plasmonic lasers provide a solution to break this limitation and realize deep sub-wavelength light sources. In this review, we summarize the advances of semiconductor NW plasmonic lasers since their first demonstration in 2009. First of all, we briefly look into the fabrication and physical/chemical properties of semiconductor NWs. Next, we discuss the fundamentals of surface plasmons as well as the recent progress in semiconductor NW plasmonic lasers from the aspects of multicolor realization, threshold reduction, ultrafast modulation, and electrically driven operations, along with their applications in sensing and integrated optics. Finally, we provide insights into bright perspectives and remaining challenges.
Two-dimensional Bi2S3-based all-optical photonic devices with strong nonlinearity due to spatial self-phase modulation
Authors: Shan Youxian , Li Zhongfu , Ruan Banxian , Zhu Jiaqi , Xiang Yuanjiang , Dai Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) is a binary chalcogenide semiconductor compound that has received much attention in optoelectronic devices because of its stratified structure. In this work we showed that the two-dimensional (2D) Bi2S3 shows strong nonlinearity using spatial self-phase modulation and that the all-optical photonic devices, e.g. the all-optical switches and all-optical diodes, have been demonstrated experimentally by observing the nonlinear behavior of the diffraction rings. In addition, an all-optical diode is designed in this work using combined structure with 2D Bi2S3/SnS2 nanosheet by taking advantage of the reverse saturated absorption of 2D SnS2 and saturated absorption of 2D Bi2S3. Nonreciprocal light propagation has been achieved with different incident wavelength and a variety of incident intensities. Those characteristics make 2D Bi2S3 a potential candidate for the next generation nonreciprocal all-optical device.
Surface characterization of paper and paperboard using a stylus contact method
Authors: Ko Young Chan , Melani Lili , Park Na Young , Kim Hyoung Jin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surface characterization is important and has many applications in the paper industry. Surface characterization requires both surface roughness and surface friction. The relationship between the two has not been fully established for paper and paperboard. It has been a common practice that only the average property and the standard deviation with the coefficient of variation (COV) are reported for surface roughness and friction measurements. This practice, however, provides few information on surface structure and can lead to wrong judgments because two samples having the same average and the COV can have different physical properties. To avoid such mistake, a new surface characterization method has been developed. To this end, surface roughness- and friction-profiles have been obtained using a latest version of Kawabata surface tester (Model: KES-SESRU, Kato Tech, Kyoto Japan). This new version uses the same stylus for both measuring surface roughness and friction under the same operating conditions. It was found that a correlation between the surface roughness and surface friction was very low. This indicates that they should be independent of each other. Therefore, both should be determined for surface characterization.
Green routes to silicon-based materials and their environmental implications
Authors: Furgal Joseph C. , Lenora Chamika U. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The “greening” of silicon chemistry is fundamentally important for the future of the field. Traditional methods used to make silicon-based materials rely on carbon rich processes that are highly energy intensive, cause pollution, and are unsustainable. Researchers have taken up the challenge of developing new chemistries to circumvent the difficulties associated with traditional silicon material synthesis. Most of this work has been in the conversion of the “green” carbon neutral biogenic silica source rice hull ash (RHA, ~85 % silica) into useful silicon building blocks such as silica’s, silicon, and alkoxysilanes by using the inherently higher surface area and reactivity of RHA to sidestep the low reactivity of mined silica sources. This is a review of the work that has been done in the area of developing more environmentally benign methods for the synthesis and use of silicon containing materials to eliminate the negative impact on the environment.
Environmental life cycle assessment for potable water production – a case study of seawater desalination and mine-water reclamation in South Africa
Authors: Goga T , Friedrich E , Buckley CA 
Published: October 2019

Water is becoming a scarce resource in many parts of South Africa and, therefore, numerous plans are being put in place to satisfy the increased urban demand for this resource. Two of the methods currently considered are desalination of seawater and reuse of mine-affected water based on the use of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. Due to their high energy consumption and associated environmental impacts, these methods have been under scrutinity and, therefore, an LCA was undertaken for both methods. To allow comparison between the two, the functional unit of 1 kL of potable water was specified. Design data were collected for both the construction and operation phases of the plants while SimaPro was used as the LCA analysis software with the application of the ReCiPe Midpoint method. The results indicate that the operation phase carried a greater environmental burden than the materials required for the infrastructure. In particular, electricity production and consumption is responsible for the majority of environmental impacts that stem from the respective plants. The total energy consumption of the proposed desalination plant is 3.69 kWh/kL and 2.16 kWh/kL for the mine-water reclamation plant. This results in 4.17 kg CO2 eq/kL being emitted for the desalination plant and 2.44 kg CO2 eq/kL for the mine-affected plant. A further analysis indicated that replacing South African electricity with photovoltaic (solar) and wind power has the potential to bring significant environmental benefits. The integration of these renewable energy systems with desalination and membrane treatment of mine-affected water has been proven to reduce environmental burdens to levels associated with conventional water technologies powered by the current electricity mix.