bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteocrin attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction in doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Hu Can , Zhang Xin , Zhang Ning , Wei Wen‐Ying , Li Ling‐Li , Ma Zhen‐Guo , Tang Qi‐Zhu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis contribute to the evolution of doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity. Osteocrin (OSTN) is a novel secretory peptide mainly derived from the bone and skeletal muscle, and plays critical roles in regulating bone growth and physical endurance. Inspiringly, OSTN was also reported to be abundant in the myocardium that functioned as a therapeutic agent against cardiac rupture and congestive heart failure in mice after myocardial infarction. Herein, we investigated the role and potential mechanism of OSTN in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.MethodsCardiac‐restrict OSTN overexpression was performed by the intravenous injection of a cardiotropic AAV9 vector, and subsequently the mice received 15 mg/kg DOX injection (i.p., once) to induce acute cardiac injury. Besides, H9C2 cell lines were used to assess the possible role of OSTN in vitro by incubating with recombinant human OSTN or small interfering RNA against Ostn (siOstn). To clarify the involvement of protein kinase G (PKG), KT5823 and siPkg were used in vivo and in vitro. Mice were also administrated intraperitoneally with 5 mg/kg DOX weekly for consecutive 3 weeks at a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg to mimic the cardiotoxic effects upon chronic DOX exposure.ResultsOSTN treatment notably attenuated, whereas OSTN silence exacerbated inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DOX‐treated H9C2 cells. Besides, cardiac‐restrict OSTN‐overexpressed mice showed an alleviated cardiac injury and malfunction upon DOX injection. Mechanistically, we found that OSTN activated PKG, while PKG inhibition abrogated the beneficial effect of OSTN in vivo and in vitro. As expected, OSTN overexpression also improved cardiac function and survival rate in mice after chronic DOX treatment.ConclusionsOSTN protects against DOX‐elicited inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction via activating PKG, and cardiac gene therapy with OSTN provides a novel therapeutic strategy against DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity.
Parental (non‐)pain attending verbalizations moderate the relationship between child attention and memory bias for pain
Authors: Wauters Aline , Noel Melanie , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M. L. , Sanchez‐Lopez Alvaro , Vervoort Tine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren's negatively biased pain‐related memories (i.e. recalling pain as being more intense or fearful than initially reported) have been recognized as a key factor in explaining child pain development. While mechanisms underlying children's pain memory development remain poorly understood, attention biases and parent language have been implicated in conceptual models. This study examined the association between child pain‐related attention and memory biases and the moderating role of parental pain and non‐pain attending verbalizations.MethodsParticipants were 51 school children and one of their parents. Probability of initial fixation and gaze duration to pain were assessed using eye tracking methodology. Children performed a cold pressor task (CPT) and reported on experienced pain intensity and pain‐related fear. A 3‐minute parent–child interaction upon CPT completion allowed measurement of parental pain and non‐pain attending verbalizations. Children's pain‐related memories were elicited 2 weeks later.ResultsFindings indicated that the relationship between maintained attention to pain and fear memory bias was moderated by parental non‐pain attending verbalizations such that higher gaze duration bias was positively associated with fear memory bias but only among children whose parents demonstrated low levels of non‐pain attending verbalizations. The opposite pattern was observed for children whose parents showed high levels of non‐pain attending verbalizations. No such effects were observed for child initial attention bias to pain, memory bias for pain and parental pain attending verbalizations.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance of parental and child pain‐related variables as well as their interaction in understanding negatively biased pain‐related memories.SignificanceThis study on child pain memories is the first to highlight that characteristics of the social context, such as parental (non‐)pain‐related verbalizations, as well as factors related to the intra‐individual experience of pain, such as child attention bias to pain, should be studied jointly, as they interact with each other in their effect on the emergence of negatively biased memories of painful events.
Night trading and market quality: Evidence from Chinese and US precious metal futures markets
Authors: Jiang Ying , Kellard Neil , Liu Xiaoquan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven a dominant exchange, how should other exchanges set their trading hours? We examine the introduction of a night session by the Shanghai Futures Exchange, allowing trading concurrently with daytime trading at the Commodity Exchange in the United States. After developing hypotheses, results for gold and silver show: trading activity has increased; liquidity in Shanghai has risen and prices are less volatile at market opening; the price discovery share of Chinese gold futures has fallen but this is not a sign of weakening market quality; and volatility spillovers increase bidirectionally. Longer trading hours have decreased market segmentation and increased information flow.
Proper E‐cadherin membrane location in colon requires Dab2 and it modifies by inflammation and cancer
Authors: Vazquez‐Carretero María D. , García‐Miranda Pablo , Balda María S. , Matter Karl , Ilundáin Anunciación A. , Peral María J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe reported that Disabled‐2 (Dab2) is located at the apical membrane in suckling rat intestine. Here, we discovered that, in colon of suckling and adult mouse and of adult human, Dab2 is only at lateral crypt cell membrane and colocalized with E‐cadherin. Dab2 depletion in Caco‐2 cells led to E‐cadherin internalization indicating that its membrane location requires Dab2. In mice, we found that 3 days of dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis increased Dab2/E‐cadherin colocalization, which was decreased as colitis progressed to 6 and 9 days. In agreement, Dab2/E‐cadherin colocalization increased in human mild and severe ulcerative colitis and in polyps, being reduced in colon adenocarcinomas, which even showed epithelial Dab2 absence and E‐cadherin delocalization. Epithelial Dab2 decrement preceded that of E‐cadherin. We suggest that Dab2, by inhibiting E‐cadherin internalization, stabilizes adherens junctions, and its absence from the epithelium may contribute to development of colon inflammation and cancer.
Morphology controlled NiCo2O4 as anode materials for high electrochemical performance lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Huo Jiaofei , Zhang Guangpeng , Wang Yinwei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the high energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, they have become the main power sources for electric vehicles. However, lithium‐ion batteries suffer from severe capacity fading during their electrochemical cycles. Therefore, it is significant to develop perfect electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries. It is known that the traditional anode materials have low specific capacity value and poor cycle performance. To overcome this problem, a novel anode material is designed in our work.RESULTSIn electrochemical tests, the initial specific capacity of the NiCo2O4 spheres/nanosheets (NCOs/n) electrode is as high as 1426 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.2 C. The capacity of the NCOs/n electrode can maintain at 1020 mAh g−1 at the current density of 1C after 1000 cycles.CONCLUSIONSThe as‐prepared NCOs/n electrodes exhibit high specific capacity value and superior cycle stability in high current densities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin determines short‐term mortality and type of acute kidney injury in cirrhosis
Authors: Udgirkar Suhas , Rathi Pravin , Sonthalia Nikhil , Chandnani Sanjay , Contractor Qais , Thanage Ravi , Jain Samit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAcute kidney injury increases mortality in cirrhotic patients by four fold. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of urinary neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (uNGAL) for differential diagnosis for acute kidney injury and for predicting short‐term mortality in cirrhotic patients.MethodsWe enrolled 94 patients of decompensated cirrhosis. uNGAL was measured upon hospital admission in all patients. Patients with urinary tract infection and anuria were excluded. Patients were followed for 30 days or until death.ResultsTen (9%) patients had normal kidney function, 9 (11.37%) stable chronic kidney disease, 32 (29.50%) prerenal azotemia, 33 (36.37%) hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), and 10 (13.64%) intrinsic acute kidney injury (iAKI). Prerenal azotemia had lower median uNGAL values compared to HRS and iAKI (95.50 vs 465.00 vs 1217.50, P < 0.001). uNGAL levels were significantly higher in patients who died within 30 days (717.17 ± 494.26 vs 331.65 ± 313.65 ng/mL, P −0.0017). On univariate analysis, serum creatinine (sCr), uNGAL, Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score on admission, and length of stay were significant, and on multivariate analysis, uNGAL and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) were significant in predicting mortality.ConclusionsuNGAL at baseline serves as an early marker in differentiating HRS, prerenal AKI, and iAKI in cirrhotic patients, where sCr values are not useful. Patients with higher uNGAL levels had higher transplant‐free mortality at 30 days.
Characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 patients in an underserved‐inner city population: A single tertiary center cohort
Authors: Salacup Grace , Lo Kevin Bryan , Gul Fahad , Peterson Eric , De Joy Robert , Bhargav Ruchika , Pelayo Jerald , Albano Jeri , Azmaiparashvili Zurab , Benzaquen Sadia , Patarroyo‐Aponte Gabriel , Rangaswami Janani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere is limited information describing the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) especially those in underserved urban area with minority population in the United States. This is a retrospective single‐center study for patients who were admitted with COVID‐19 infection. Data collection was from 1 March through 24 April 2020. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were presented using descriptive statistics and frequencies. The χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression were used to determine association of risk factors and clinical outcomes. A total of 242 inpatients were included with a mean age of 66 ± 14.75 (±standard deviation). A total of 50% were female and 70% were African American. Comorbidities included hypertension (74%), diabetes mellitus (49%), and 19% had either COPD or asthma. Older age was associated with higher risk of inpatient death odds ratio (OR): 1.056 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.023‐1.090; P = .001). Inpatient mortality occurred in 70% who needed mechanical ventilation (OR: 29.51; 95% CI: 13.28‐65.60; P < .0001), 58% who required continuous renal replacement therapy/hemodialysis (CRRT/HD) (OR: 6.63; 95% CI: 2.74‐16.05; P < .0001), and 69% who needed vasopressors (OR: 30.64; 95% CI: 13.56‐69.20; P < .0001). Amongst biomarkers of disease severity, only baseline CRP levels (145 ± 116 mg/L) were associated with mortality OR: 1.008 (95% CI: 1.003‐1.012; P = .002). Majority of hospitalized patients had hypertension and diabetes. Older age was an independent risk factor for inpatient mortality. Requirement of mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, and CRRT/HD was associated significantly with inpatient mortality. Higher baseline CRP was significantly associated with inpatient death.
Mood, Anxiety and Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID‐19: Evidence of Central Nervous System Involvement?
Authors: Speth Marlene M. , Singer‐Cornelius Thirza , Oberle Michael , Gengler Isabelle , Brockmeier Steffi J. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the burden of depressed mood and anxiety in COVID‐19, and associated disease characteristics.Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective, cross‐sectional study of 114 COVID‐19 positive patients diagnosed using RT‐PCR‐based testing over a 6‐week period. The two‐item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2) and the two‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD‐2) were used to measure depressed mood and anxiety level, respectively, at enrollment and for participants' baseline, pre‐COVID‐19 state. Severity of smell loss, loss of taste, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea/mucus production, fever, cough, and shortness of breath (SOB) during COVID‐19 were assessed.ResultsPHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 significantly (P < .001) increased from baseline to enrollment. PHQ‐2 was associated with smell loss (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] = 1.40, 95% CI, 1.10–1.78, P = .006), age (aIRR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01–1.04, P = .006), and baseline PHQ‐2 score (aIRR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.09–1.76, P = .007). GAD‐2 score was associated with smell loss (aIRR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.02–1.62, P = .035), age (aIRR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01–1.04, P = .025) and baseline GAD‐2 score (aIRR = 1.55, 95% CI, 1.24–1.93, P < .001). Loss of taste also exhibited similar associations with PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2. PHQ‐2 and GAD‐2 scores were not associated with severities of any other symptoms during the COVID‐19 course.ConclusionsDespite the occurrence of symptoms—such as SOB—associated with severe manifestations of COVID‐19, only the severities of smell and taste loss were associated with depressed mood and anxiety. These results may raise the novel possibility of emotional disturbance as a CNS manifestation of COVID‐19 given trans‐olfactory tract penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) by coronaviruses.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130:2520–2525, 2020
Application of a BIlinear Rotation Decoupling (BIRD) filter in combination with J‐difference editing for indirect 13C measurements in the human liver
Authors: Veeraiah Pandichelvam , Brouwers Kim , Wildberger Joachim E. , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera B. , Lindeboom Lucas 
Published: July 2020

PurposeRecently, we introduced a quantum coherence based method (ge‐HSQC) for indirect 13C‐MRS in the liver to track 13C‐labeled lipids into the hepatic lipid pool in vivo. This approach is more robust in case of respiratory motion, however, inherently leads to a signal loss of 50% when compared with a conventional J‐difference editing technique (JDE). Here, we intend to improve the robustness of a regular JDE (STEAM‐ACED) with the use of a BIlinear Rotation Decoupling (BIRD) filter to achieve 100% higher signal gain when compared with ge‐HSQC.MethodsTo determine the efficiency of the BIRD filter 1H‐[13C] lipid spectra were acquired on 3T from a peanut oil phantom, with three different MR sequences: ge‐HSQC, STEAM‐ACED, and the BIRD filter together with STEAM‐ACED (BIRD‐STEAM‐ACED). Finally, our proposed method is tested in vivo in five healthy volunteers with varying liver fat content. In these subjects we quantified the 1H‐[13C]‐signal from the hepatic lipid pool and determined 13C enrichment, which is expected to be 1.1% according to the natural abundance of 13C.ResultsThe application of the proposed BIRD filter reduces the subtraction artifact of 1H‐[12C] lipid signal efficiently in JDE experiments, which leads to a signal gain of 100% of 1H‐[13C]‐lipid signals when compared with the ge‐HSQC. Phase distortions in vivo were minimal with the use of BIRD compared with STEAM‐ACED, which enabled us to robustly quantify the 13C‐enrichment in all five subjects.ConclusionThe BIRD‐STEAM‐ACED sequence is an efficient and promising tool for 13C‐tracking experiments in the human liver in vivo.
Differential Effects of Early Energy and Protein Inadequacies on the Outcome of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Amartya , Tan Ze Ying , Cheong Samantha Hui Ling , Remani Deepa , Tai Bee Choo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDifferential effects of energy and protein inadequacies of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in first 72 hours are unknown.MethodsWe included all adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) > 72 hours between August 2012 and December 2014. Energy and protein doses were 25 kcal/kg/day and 1.5 g/kg/day, respectively. We used multivariable Cox regression analysis for 28‐day mortality and competing risks regression analysis for post‐ICU length of stay (LOS) in hospital survivors.ResultsIn 421 patients (male 63.4%, mean age 62 ± 15.1 years) the energy and protein adequacies at 72 hours were 70% and 56%, respectively. Non‐survivors by day 28 were started on feeding significantly later (median, 14.13 (5.48‐33.78) versus 9.25 (5.45‐16.58) hours, P = .003) and received lower energy (mean, 0.57 ± 0.36 versus 0.76 ± 0.29, P < 0.001) and protein (median, 0.51 (0.13‐0.74) versus 0.61 (0.40‐0.84), P < 0.001) adequacies at day 7 (same effect seen at 72 hours, P < 0.001). Higher energy adequacy at 72 hours was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39 (95% CI 0.20‐0.75), P = 0.004); the lowest mortality was seen between 61% and 70% energy adequacies. No such association was seen with protein adequacy. In 280 hospital survivors, higher energy adequacy at 72 hours (subdistribution HR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.50, P = 0.025) was significantly associated with shorter post‐ICU LOS. No such effect was seen with protein adequacy.ConclusionHigher energy but not protein adequacy at 72 hours of MV was associated with improved patient‐centric outcomes.
Solitary myofibroma preceding the development of multicentric myofibromatosis: A report of two cases with surveillance recommendations
Authors: Todd Kevin , Kim Hee Kyung , Szabo Sara , Johnson Sheryl , Pressey Joseph , Nagarajan Rajaram , Sorger Joel , Dasgupta Roshni , Turpin Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfantile myofibroma is the most common fibrous tumor of infancy. Despite the frequency of these tumors, the natural history is incompletely understood. We present two cases with a unique pattern of disease: solitary myofibromas with subsequent progression to diffuse myofibromatosis. Given the variable spectrum of disease and the corresponding difference in morbidity and potential mortality based on the extent of disease, we propose surveillance recommendations.
The annual incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis among adults living in Greece
Authors: Makras Polyzois , Stathi Dimitra , Yavropoulou Maria , Tsoli Marina , Kaltsas Gregory 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasia with a variable clinical course and outcome. Although there are some data regarding its incidence in children, such information in adults is lacking. To address the actual annual LCH incidence among adults, we prospectively recorded, during a 12‐month period, any new case with a definitive histological diagnosis of LCH, among persons aged 18 and older living in Greece. Fourteen new cases were recorded corresponding to an annual incidence of 1.58 per million population. Female to male ratio was 1.34, and mean age at diagnosis was 43.5 years.
Antenatal corticosteriods decrease forced vital capacity in infants born fullterm
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anuja , Slaven James E. , Evrard Cindy , Tiller Christina , Haas David M. , Tepper Robert S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAntenatal corticosteroids (ACS) administration to pregnant women for threatened preterm labor is standard obstetric care to reduce neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and the associated respiratory morbidity. While ACS stimulates surfactant production in the fetal lung, the effects of ACS upon the subsequent growth and development of the lung are unclear. Follow‐up studies outside of the neonatal period have been primarily limited to spirometry, and most subjects evaluated were born prematurely. To our knowledge, no study has assessed both airway and parenchymal function in infants or adults following ACS exposure. We hypothesized that ACS impairs lung growth and performed infant pulmonary function testing, which included spirometry, alveolar volume (VA) and lung diffusion (DL). As a pilot study, we limited our assessment to infants whose mothers received ACS for threatened preterm labor, but then proceeded to full term delivery. This approach evaluated a more homogenous population and eliminated the confounding effects of preterm birth. We evaluated 36 full‐term infants between 4 to 12 months of age; 17 infants had ACS exposure and 19 infants had no ACS exposure. Infants exposed to ACS had a significantly lower forced vital capacity compared with non‐ACS exposed infants (250 vs 313 mL; P = .0075). FEV0.5 tended to be lower for the ACS exposed group (205 vs 237 mL; P = .075). VA and DL did not differ between the two groups. These findings suggest that ACS may impair subsequent growth of the lung parenchyma.
Robust and nonfragile consensus of positive multiagent systems via observer‐based output‐feedback protocols
Authors: Liu Jason J. R. , Lam James , Wang Yamin , Cui Yukang , Shu Zhan 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis article investigates the consensus problem for positive multiagent systems via an observer‐based dynamic output‐feedback protocol. The dynamics of the agents are modeled by linear positive systems and the communication topology of the agents is expressed by an undirected connected graph. For the consensus problem, the nominal case is studied under the semidefinite programming framework while the robust and nonfragile cases are investigated under the linear programming framework. It is required that the distributed state‐feedback controller and observer gains should be structured to preserve the positivity of multiagent systems. Necessary and/or sufficient conditions for the analysis of consensus are obtained by using positive systems theory and graph theory. For the nominal case, necessary and sufficient conditions for the codesign of state‐feedback controller and observer of consensus are derived in terms of matrix inequalities. Sufficient conditions for the robust and nonfragile consensus designs are derived and the codesign of state‐feedback controller and observer can be obtained in terms of solving a set of linear programs. Numerical simulations are provided to show the effectiveness and applicability of the theoretical results and algorithms.
Resources
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Lin Yankai , Sun Maosong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeep learning has been shown as a powerful method for a variety of artificial intelligence tasks, including some critical tasks in NLP. However, training a deep neural network is usually a very time-intensive process and requires lots of code to build related models. To alleviate these issues, some deep learning frameworks have been developed and released, which incorporate some existing and necessary arithmetic operators for neural network constructions. And these frameworks exploit hardware features such as multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs to shorten the training time. Each framework has its advantages and disadvantages. In this chapter, we aim to exhibit features and running performance of these frameworks so that users can select an appropriate framework for their usage.
Cross-Modal Representation
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Lin Yankai , Sun Maosong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCross-modal representation learning is an essential part of representation learning, which aims to learn latent semantic representations for modalities including texts, audio, images, videos, etc. In this chapter, we first introduce typical cross-modal representation models. After that, we review several real-world applications related to cross-modal representation learning including image captioning, visual relation detection, and visual question answering.