bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African Traditional Intellectual Property Rights, Customary Law, and Legal Pluralism
Authors: Lawal Arowolo Ayoyemi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIndeed, intellectual property rights are not new to traditional African communities. Traditional legal systems of protection in Africa such as customary law protected the rights of members of these communities. These systems of protection are still used. There are also practices of monopoly from the past regarding the use of some products of creative works. This paper examines the various ways in which traditional intellectual properties have been protected over the years which are similar in some ways to modern intellectual property rights. Thus, proposing that the adoption of a pluralistic protection mechanism (legal pluralism) for traditional intellectual properties could resolve legal issues related to them in Africa.
Laughing Sectarianism Away
Authors: Chamas Sophie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this article, I examine the potential and shortcomings of political satire as a counter-discursive tool in Lebanon. I take the popular shows BBCHI and CHINN as objects of study, and discuss the ways in which these programs challenged narratives of Lebanon as an inherently sectarian society that can only function under the management of a sectarian political order. While drawing attention to their subversive intentions, I highlight the ways in which these shows reinforced the status quo through recourse to a problematic repertoire of jokes.
The Last Monument Standing
Authors: Ben Yakoub Joachim 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
During the latest uprising in Tunisia, the agitated crowd almost totally destroyed the autocratic monumental landscape. As the provocative ‘Anti-Clock Project’ by visual artist Nidhal Chamekh shows, the strongest element of this landscape was not destroyed; it still stands in the capital today and illustrates how the imbricated strata of the contemporary monumental landscape can be understood as an inherited palimpsest that reveals hegemonic assumptions about the prevailing politics of time. The monumental translation of the new era promoted by the contested Ben Ali regime paradoxically froze the idea that change would facilitate general progress, innovation, modernization and development and guarantee a better future. In this article, we argue that the Clock Tower and the civilization project it materializes, initiated by colonial occupation and upheld by the consecutive postcolonial regimes, does not necessarily warrant a better future. Rather, it continues to restrain political sensibilities in the present time, dismisses historical pasts and withholds alternative futures.
Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Catholicism(s) in the US
Authors: Johnson María Cecilia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART s) have proposed a new way of understanding notions of sexuality, reproduction, gestation, and family, and these transformations have arguably been a challenge in the religious field. This study aims to analyze the stances taken within the Catholic spectrum in the United States on ART s. Catholicism in the United States is an internally heterogeneous space, and different agents have taken diverse stances on ART s, with an impact on health care regulations, Catholic facilities administrations, and Catholics’ and non-Catholics’ reproductive rights. Drawing from a qualitative, interpretive, and documentary analysis of three organizations (the US Conference of catholic bishops, the Catholic Health Organization, and Catholics for Choice), this article proposes some guidelines to analyze and understand the arguments and strategies of various Catholics actors in the United States regarding reproductive healthcare and ART s in the United States.
Antebellum Palingenetic Ultranationalism: The Case for including the United States in Comparative Fascist Studies
Authors: Roel Reyes Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines how the Southern proslavery defense produced a distinctly proto-fascist ideology. Rather than comparing the Antebellum South to twentieth century racist regimes, this study compares Southern fascist thought to Germany’s nineteenth century Völkisch movement. The author uses Roger Griffin’s Palingenetic Ultranationalism to explore how the Antebellum South promoted an illiberal vision of modernity. The author argues that proto-fascists rejected liberalism, had a profound sense of social decay, and advanced a vision of a new man, new political structure, and a new temporality. The striking similarities between nineteenth and twentieth century fascist movements mandates that the Antebellum American South should be included in comparative fascist studies. The results of this study contextualize the comparisons made between American racism and fascism along with deepening our understanding of fascism’s protean qualities.
Maps of the Moon
Authors: Haddad Thomás A. S. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
When does a depiction of the moon become a lunar map? This essay addresses this question from theoretical and historical standpoints. It is argued that moon maps are of crucial importance to the history of cartography, for they challenge established notions of what is a map, how it functions, what are its purposes, and what kind of power it embodies and performs. The work also shows how terrestrial cartography has shaped the history of lunar mapping since the seventeenth century, through visual and nomenclature conventions, the cultural currency of maps, mapmakers’ social standing, and data-gathering and projection practices. It further demonstrates that lunar cartography has also been organized by an internal principle that is born of the fundamental problem of how to create static map spaces capable of representing a referent that is constantly changing to our eyes, as is the visible face of the moon. It is suggested that moon maps may be classed on three broad categories, according to the kinds of solutions for this representational problem that have been devised over the last 400 years.
Maritime Boundary Delimitation by Conciliation
Authors: Tanaka Yoshifumi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of this Agora contribution is to examine the role of conciliation in maritime delimitation by analysing the Timor-Leste/Australia conciliation. First, this contribution addresses the applicability of the compulsory conciliation procedures to the Timor Sea dispute. It then considers the role of the Timor-Leste/Australia Conciliation Commission in maritime delimitation and in resource governance, respectively. Next, it examines role of conciliation in maritime delimitation by comparing the Timor-Leste/Australia conciliation to the Iceland/Jan Mayen conciliation. Finally, it reveals that the Timor-Leste/Australia Conciliation Commission significantly influenced the establishment of maritime boundaries in the Timor Sea.
Predicting Low-Level Wind Shear Using 200-m-Resolution NWP at the Hong Kong International Airport
Authors: Hon Kai-Kwong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract“Low-level wind shear” is a known aviation safety hazard and refers to a sustained change in head wind encountered by an aircraft during takeoff or landing. Because of their small spatiotemporal scales and high variability, automatic alerting of wind shears at airports around the world is almost exclusively detection based (using remote sensing equipment). Numerical modeling studies so far mainly cover individual cases and lack systematic validation. This paper presents the first statistical evaluation of numerical weather prediction (NWP) model performance in predicting low-level wind shear at a major international airport over a 2-yr continuous period. The 200-m-resolution Aviation Model (AVM) of the Hong Kong Observatory is used to generate runway-specific wind shear forecasts at 1-min output intervals for the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), known for its susceptibility to wind shear occurrence. The AVM forecasts are then validated against over 800 actual reports of wind shear by aircraft pilots over the two major arrival runway corridors, 07LA and 25RA, at HKIA between 2014 and 2015 using a verification scheme with the same level of spatiotemporal stringency as operational alerting systems at HKIA. With “relative operating characteristic” analysis, positive skill is consistently observed across both runway corridors throughout the study period and across all considered forecast lead times out to 6 h ahead. This study serves to establish and document the current capability of fine-resolution NWP in predicting the phenomenon of low-level wind shear for aviation weather applications.
Combined State-Parameter Estimation with the LETKF for Convective-Scale Weather Forecasting
Authors: Ruckstuhl Y. , Janjić T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe investigate the feasibility of addressing model error by perturbing and estimating uncertain static model parameters using the localized ensemble transform Kalman filter. In particular we use the augmented state approach, where parameters are updated by observations via their correlation with observed state variables. This online approach offers a flexible, yet consistent way to better fit model variables affected by the chosen parameters to observations, while ensuring feasible model states. We show in a nearly operational convection-permitting configuration that the prediction of clouds and precipitation with the COSMO-DE model is improved if the two-dimensional roughness length parameter is estimated with the augmented state approach. Here, the targeted model error is the roughness length itself and the surface fluxes, which influence the initiation of convection. At analysis time, Gaussian noise with a specified correlation matrix is added to the roughness length to regulate the parameter spread. In the northern part of the COSMO-DE domain, where the terrain is mostly flat and assimilated surface wind measurements are dense, estimating the roughness length led to improved forecasts of up to 6 h of clouds and precipitation. In the southern part of the domain, the parameter estimation was detrimental unless the correlation length scale of the Gaussian noise that is added to the roughness length is increased. The impact of the parameter estimation was found to be larger when synoptic forcing is weak and the model output is more sensitive to the roughness length.
Video-enhanced follow-up training improves basic life support skills retention in laypersons: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: You Kyoung Min , Shin Jonghwan , Lee Se Jong , Lee Hui Jai , Jung Jin Hee , Son Yeong Ju , Hwang Seong Youn 
Published: December 2019

Background: Retraining and retention for basic life support skills after initial basic life support education are important for high-quality basic life support performance at the scene. Objectives: We investigated whether delivery of a personal-training video clip reduced basic life support skill degradation in laypersons. Methods: After a basic life support layperson training course, the participants were randomized to the video group and control group. The layperson learners in the video group were provided with a video clip of themselves during basic life support education course and a follow-up text message every 3 months after initial basic life support course. The control group only received a follow-up text message every 3 months, without a video clip. The performances of all participants were reviewed initially and after 12 months in each group. Results: The total number of participants was 186. Among them, 22 in the video group and 29 in the control group completed the follow-up and final basic life support skill tests. In the control group, basic life support skill level of the participants was at 60.1% after 12 months compared with the initial test and 79.8% in the video group. The performance differences in each basic life support skill score between the initial and follow-up test at 12 months were significantly different between the video group and control group: non-compression, 0.0 (0.0–1.0) versus 1.0 (1.0–2.0); compression, 1.0 (0.0–1.3) versus 1.0 (0.0–4.0); automated external defibrillator, 2.0 (1.0–3.0) versus 3.0 (2.0–4.5) and total score, 4.0 (2.0–5.0) versus 6.0 (3.0–9.5), respectively (all p-values < 0.05). Conclusion: Delivery of a basic life support personal-training video clip to laypersons who received basic life support training can reduce performance degradation at 12 months.
Evaluating the cerebrospinal fluid ctDNA detection by next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of meningeal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Zhao Yue , He Jun-Ying , Zou Yue-Li , Guo Xiao-Su , Cui Jun-Zhao , Guo Li , Bu Hui 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) is the most severe form of brain metastasis and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Currently, the diagnosis of MC is routinely confirmed on the basis of clinical manifestation, positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology, and/or neuroimaging features. However, negative rate of CSF cytology and neuroimaging findings often result in a failure to diagnose MC from the patients who actually have the disease. Here we evaluate the CSF circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the diagnosis of MC.

Methods
A total of 35 CSF samples were collected from 35 patients with MC for CSF cytology examination, CSF ctDNA extraction and cancer-associated gene mutations detection by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the same time.

Results
The most frequent primary tumor in this study was lung cancer (26/35, 74%), followed by gastric cancer (2/35, 6%), breast cancer (2/35, 6%), prostatic cancer (1/35, 3%), parotid gland carcinoma (1/35, 3%) and lymphoma (1/35, 3%) while no primary tumor could be found in the remaining 2 patients in spite of using various inspection methods. Twenty-five CSF samples (25/35; 71%) were found neoplastic cells in CSF cytology examination while all of the 35 CSF samples (35/35; 100%) were revealed having detectable ctDNA in which cancer-associated gene mutations were detected. All of 35 patients with MC in the study underwent contrast-enhanced brain MRI and/or CT and 22 neuroimaging features (22/35; 63%) were consistent with MC. The sensitivity of the neuroimaging was 88% (95% confidence intervals [95% CI], 75 to 100) (p = 22/25) and 63% (95% CI, 47 to 79) (p = 22/35) compared to those of CSF cytology and CSF ctDNA, respectively. The sensitivity of the CSF cytology was 71% (95% CI, 56 to 86) (n = 25/35) compared to that of CSF ctDNA.

Conclusions
This study suggests a higher sensitivity of CSF ctDNA than those of CSF cytology and neuroimaging findings. We find cancer-associated gene mutations in ctDNA from CSF of patients with MC at 100% of our cohort, and utilizing CSF ctDNA as liquid biopsy technology based on the detection of cancer-associated gene mutations may give additional information to diagnose MC with negative CSF cytology and/or negative neuroimaging findings.
EEG-based image classification via a region-level stacked bi-directional deep learning framework
Authors: Fares Ahmed , Zhong Sheng-hua , Jiang Jianmin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs a physiological signal, EEG data cannot be subjectively changed or hidden. Compared with other physiological signals, EEG signals are directly related to human cortical activities with excellent temporal resolution. After the rapid development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, the analysis and calculation of EEGs has made great progress, leading to a significant boost in performances for content understanding and pattern recognition of brain activities across the areas of both neural science and computer vision. While such an enormous advance has attracted wide range of interests among relevant research communities, EEG-based classification of brain activities evoked by images still demands efforts for further improvement with respect to its accuracy, generalization, and interpretation, yet some characters of human brains have been relatively unexplored.MethodsWe propose a region-level stacked bi-directional deep learning framework for EEG-based image classification. Inspired by the hemispheric lateralization of human brains, we propose to extract additional information at regional level to strengthen and emphasize the differences between two hemispheres. The stacked bi-directional long short-term memories are used to capture the dynamic correlations hidden from both the past and the future to the current state in EEG sequences.ResultsExtensive experiments are carried out and our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Compared with the existing state-of-the-arts, our framework achieves outstanding performances in EEG-based classification of brain activities evoked by images. In addition, we find that the signals of Gamma band are not only useful for achieving good performances for EEG-based image classification, but also play a significant role in capturing relationships between the neural activations and the specific emotional states.ConclusionsOur proposed framework provides an improved solution for the problem that, given an image used to stimulate brain activities, we should be able to identify which class the stimuli image comes from by analyzing the EEG signals. The region-level information is extracted to preserve and emphasize the hemispheric lateralization for neural functions or cognitive processes of human brains. Further, stacked bi-directional LSTMs are used to capture the dynamic correlations hidden in EEG data. Extensive experiments on standard EEG-based image classification dataset validate that our framework outperforms the existing state-of-the-arts under various contexts and experimental setups.
Comparative measurement of FeLV load in hemolymphatic tissues of cats with hematologic cytopenias
Authors: Abdollahi-Pirbazari Mehdi , Jamshidi Shahram , Nassiri Seyed Mahdi , Zamani-Ahmadmahmudi Mohamad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a serious viral infection in cats. FeLV is found in some tissues, such as spleen, lymph nodes and epithelial tissues. However, there is controversy about the organ in which the virus can be reliably detected in infected cats. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of viral infection in hemolymphatic tissues, including blood, bone marrow and spleen by reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results
A total of 31 cats with clinical signs of FeLV infection associated with at least a single lineage hematologic cytopenia were included in this study. Peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen samples were obtained from each cat. Complete blood counts, biochemical tests, and a rapid test to detect FeLV p27 antigen in blood samples of cats were performed. Of 31 cats, 9 had anemia alone, 4 had thrombocytopenia alone, 2 had neutropenia alone, 9 had bicytopenia of anemia and thrombocytopenia, 3 had bicytopenia of anemia and neutropenia, and 4 had pancytopenia. FeLV RNA was then detected by RT-qPCR in the whole blood, bone marrow and spleen. Viral RNA copy numbers were detected in all cats by RT-qPCR whereas 24 out of 31 cats were positive for the serum FeLV antigen. We detected a significantly greater number of viral RNA in the spleen compared with the whole blood and bone marrow.

Conclusion
Spleen is a site where FeLV is most frequently detected in cats with hematologic cytopenias.
Impact of the interval between neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy and esophagectomy in the modern era: a population-based propensity-score-matched retrospective cohort study in Asia
Authors: Kuo Yao-Hung , Chien Yu-Wen , Chen Pin-Ru , Feng Chun-Lung , Li Chia-Chin , Chien Chun-Ru 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT) is one of the standard-of-care options for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESqCC). The optimal interval between nCCRT and esophagectomy is unknown.

Methods
We constructed a propensity-score-matched [1:1 for long (8–12 weeks) vs short (4–7 weeks) intervals] cohort of LA-ESqCC patients who were diagnosed from 2011 to 2015 and treated with nCCRT via the Taiwan Cancer Registry and related databases. We compared the hazard ratios (HRs) of death using a robust variance estimator. We also evaluated alternative covariables, outcomes, and interval definitions.

Results
Our study population included 80 patients for each group; groups were balanced with respect to the observed covariables. There was no significant difference for the HR of death [1.22; 95% confidence interval 0.78–1.91, P = 0.39] when the long interval group was compared to the short interval group. There were also no significant differences when alternative covariables, outcomes, or interval definitions were evaluated.

Conclusions
In this population-based study in modern Asia, we found that for LA-ESqCC patients treated with nCCRT and esophagectomy, overall survival was similar for either long or short intervals between nCCRT and esophagectomy. Randomized controlled trials are needed to verify this finding.
The impact of adding community-based distribution of oral contraceptives and condoms to a cluster randomized primary health care intervention in rural Tanzania
Authors: Sheff Mallory C. , Jackson Elizabeth F. , Kanté Almamy M. , Rusibamayila Asinath , Phillips James F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundEfforts to expand access to family planning in rural Africa often focus on the deployment of community health agents (CHAs).MethodsThis paper reports on results of the impact of a randomized cluster trial of CHA deployment on contraceptive uptake among 3078 baseline and 2551 endline women of reproductive age residing in 50 intervention and 51 comparison villages in Tanzania. Qualitative data were collected to broaden understanding of method preference, reasons for choice, and factors that explain non-use.ResultsRegression difference-in-differences results show that doorstep provision of oral contraceptive pills and condoms was associated with a null effect on modern contraceptive uptake [p = 0.822; CI 0.857; 1.229]. Discussions suggest that expanding geographic access without efforts to improve spousal and social support, respect preference for injectable contraceptives, and address perceived risk of side-effects offset the benefits of adopting contraceptives provided by community-based services.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate that increasing access to services does not necessarily catalyze contraceptive use as method choice and spousal dynamics are key components of demand for contraception. Findings attest to the importance of strategies that respond to the climate of demand.Trial registrationControlled-Trial.comISRCTN96819844. Retrospectively registered on 29.03.2012.