bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope Monitoring Flux Density of Jupiter's Synchrotron Radiation during the Juno Mission
Authors: Velusamy T. , Adumitroaie V. , Arballo J. , Levin S. M. , Ries P. A. , Dorcey R. , Kreuser-Jenkins N. , Leflang J. , Jauncey D. , Horiuchi S. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) is a science education partnership among NASA, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER), offering unique opportunities for K-12 students and their teachers. As part of a long-term Jupiter synchrotron radiation (JSR) flux density monitoring program, LCER has been carrying out Jupiter observations with some student participation. In this paper we present the results of processed data sets observed between 2015 March 6 and 2018 April 6. The data are divided into 5 epochs, grouped by time and by Jupiter’s ephemeris parameters as observed from Earth. We derive JSR beaming curves at different epochs and Earth declinations. We present a comparison of the observed beaming curves with those derived from most recent models for the radiation belts. Our results show an increasing trend of the JSR flux density which seem consistent with the models for the magnetospheric solar wind interactions.
Exocomets from a Solar System Perspective
Authors: Strøm Paul A. , Bodewits Dennis , Knight Matthew M. , Kiefer Flavien , Jones Geraint H. , Kral Quentin , Matrà Luca , Bodman Eva , Capria Maria Teresa , Cleeves Ilsedore , Fitzsimmons Alan , Haghighipour Nader , Harrison John H. D. , Iglesias Daniela , Kama Mihkel , Linnartz Harold , Majumdar Liton , de Mooij Ernst J. W. , Milam Stefanie N. , Opitom Cyrielle , Rebollido Isabel , Rogers Laura K. , Snodgrass Colin , Sousa-Silva Clara , Xu Siyi , Lin Zhong-Yi , Zieba Sebastian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Exocomets are small bodies releasing gas and dust which orbit stars other than the Sun. Their existence was first inferred from the detection of variable absorption features in stellar spectra in the late 1980s using spectroscopy. More recently, they have been detected through photometric transits from space, and through far-IR/mm gas emission within debris disks. As (exo)comets are considered to contain the most pristine material accessible in stellar systems, they hold the potential to give us information about early stage formation and evolution conditions of extra solar systems. In the solar system, comets carry the physical and chemical memory of the protoplanetary disk environment where they formed, providing relevant information on processes in the primordial solar nebula. The aim of this paper is to compare essential compositional properties between solar system comets and exocomets to allow for the development of new observational methods and techniques. The paper aims to highlight commonalities and to discuss differences which may aid the communication between the involved research communities and perhaps also avoid misconceptions. The compositional properties of solar system comets and exocomets are summarized before providing an observational comparison between them. Exocomets likely vary in their composition depending on their formation environment like solar system comets do, and since exocomets are not resolved spatially, they pose a challenge when comparing them to high fidelity observations of solar system comets. Observations of gas around main sequence stars, spectroscopic observations of “polluted” white dwarf atmospheres and spectroscopic observations of transiting exocomets suggest that exocomets may show compositional similarities with solar system comets. The recent interstellar visitor 2I/Borisov showed gas, dust and nuclear properties similar to that of solar system comets. This raises the tantalising prospect that observations of interstellar comets may help bridge the fields of exocomet and solar system comets.
Effect of structural complexities in head modeling on the accuracy of EEG source localization in neonates
Authors: Azizollahi Hamed , Aarabi Ardalan , Wallois Fabrice 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective. Neonatal electroencephalography (EEG) source localization is highly prone to errors due to head modeling deficiencies. In this study, we investigated the effect of head model complexities on the accuracy of EEG source localization in full term neonates using a realistic volume conductor head model. Approach. We performed numerical simulations to investigate source localization errors caused by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fontanel exclusion and gray matter (GM)/white matter (WM) distinction using the finite element method. Main results. Our results showed that the exclusion of CSF from the head model could cause significant localization errors mostly for sources closer to the inner surface of the skull. With a less pronounced effect compared to the CSF exclusion, the discrimination between GM and WM also widely affected all sources, especially those located in deeper structures. The exclusion of the fontanels from the head model led to source localization errors for sources located in areas beneath the fontanels. Our finding clearly shows that the CSF inclusion and GM/WM distinction in EEG inverse modeling can substantially reduce EEG source localization errors. Moreover, fontanels should be included in neonatal head models, particularly in source localization applications, in which sources of interest are located beneath or in vicinity of fontanels. Significance. Our ﬁndings have practical implications for a better understanding of the impact of head model complexities on the accuracy of EEG source localization in neonates.
Effect of Microwave Absorbing Material on the Straight-Through Performance of Millimetre Wave Coaxial Attenuator
Authors: Zhang Yanchu , Kong Zhigang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper takes the attenuation unit of the millimetre wave coaxial attenuator working in the through state as the research object. The 3D model of the attenuation unit was created. The insertion loss and the VSWR of the attenuation unit were simulated with the help of the HFSS software. The consequences of signal integrity issues were analysed with transmission line theory. The insert loss and VSWR of attenuation unit were simulated by adding a ferrite microwave absorbing material to the model and the thickness of the absorbing material is taken as a variable at different thickness. The relationship between the insertion loss and the VSWR and the thickness of the absorbing material are fitted by numerical fitting and the thicknesses of the absorbing material which optimizes the insertion loss and the VSWR are obtained respectively.
Vibration Characteristics of PMSM Grinding Motorized Spindle
Authors: Li Xiaoquan , He Jiangjiang , Zhao Yuwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper presents electromechanical vibration characteristics in parallel misalignment of a shaft by analyzing the vibration of PMSM grinding motorized spindle. The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) of the PMSM grinding motorized spindle is established as electromechanical model based on the Maxwell stress tensor, which is used to the spindle to cause the electromechanical vibration and calculated under different eccentricities through FEA (Finite Element Analysis). It increases with increasing eccentricity under no load and on load and is maximum value when mixing eccentricity. Applying a Jeffcott rotor model to analyse the dynamic characteristics of the spindle with UMP excitation and mass imbalance. The number of pole-pair is 6 and the number of slots is 36 for the PMSM grinding motorized spindle, the vibrations of 1fr, 2fr and 3fr are generated and the limit cycle is more complicated at 4500rpm. Simulated results agree well with the experimental results, and it indicates the electromechanical vibration with the shaft eccentricity and the UMP is obviously on the shaft.
Research on Key Technologies of Small House Type Ultra-Low Energy Consumption Residential Buildings
Authors: Lu Guozhong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For ultra-low energy consumption buildings, passive mode is emphasized to realize ultra-low energy consumption and provide comfortable indoor environment. It mainly relies on the high-performance building enclosure, new air heat recovery, air tightness, adjustable sunshade and other building technologies, but the difficulty of realizing passive ultra-low energy consumption mainly lies in the technical suitability. How to meet the energy demand of heating and cooling under the condition of non mechanical, non energy consumption or less energy consumption through the reasonable design of key technologies. Based on the climate characteristics of Beijing, this paper studies the key technologies of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, and tries to make a positive exploration on the technology promotion of ultra-low energy consumption buildings.
General Stress Field for Cracked Orthotropic Plate
Authors: Jia Purong , Suo Yongyong , Jia Cheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The solution of singular stresses is discussed for the crack problem of the orthotropic plate. Essential equations are introduced on the basis of linear elastic mechanics and complex variable method. The complex variable functions including the material parameters are fully analyzed for solving the partial derivation equation and to meet the needs of the crack boundary conditions. By constructing new stress functions, the mechanic analysis of the cracked orthotropic plate is carried out, and also the stress boundary problem is resolved. The expressions of the singular stress fields at the crack-tip are determined.
Experiment of Engine Lubricating Oil Bubble Fraction in the Driving Cycles
Authors: Lin Jian , Liu Yongqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cavitation phenomenon always occurs in gerotor pumps. Bubble fraction of oil has remarkable influence in bearing lubricating characteristic. Oil mass flow rate and density is measured in a gerotor oil pump performance test, bubble fraction is analyzed based on measured oil density. Experimental results show that bubble volume fraction linearly decrease with the increasing of outlet pressure at constant pump speed. With the increasing of pump speed, influence of outlet pressure on bubble mass fraction decreases gradually. In the driving cycles, bubble mass fraction also increases with the increase of pump outlet pressure, and has a closely positive correlation with oil flow and pump speed. When the temperature of lubricating oil rises from 25°C to 100°C, the average volume fraction decreases about 72.6%, and the average mass fraction decreases about 84.3%. The changing rate of oil bubble fraction apparently lags behind the pump speed, it means that oil bubble fraction in acceleration stage is much higher than deceleration stage.
Comparative Analysis of Economic Effects of Soft Microgel Flooding and Polymer Flooding
Authors: Ye Yinzhu , Wu Xingcai , Liu Yang , Bo Xiaosong , Xu Hanbing , Peng Huanhuan , Li Shichao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Soft microgel is discontinuous phase. Profile control and flooding technique of soft microgel, deferent from polymer flooding, is a technical method of secondary development of old oil fields. In this paper, we further enrich the flooding mechanism of soft microgel and propose the mechanism of targeting of oil displacement on the basis of synchronous flooding. Profile control and flooding technique of soft microgel has been applied in many oil fields at home and abroad and achieved significant effect of reducing water production and increasing oil. For evaluating the technical and economic effects, firstly, we summarize and analyse the field test results of SMG flooding technology in five oilfield blocks including Huabei oilfield, Changqing oilfield and son on. What’s more, the field data of polymer flooding is investigated by consulting scientific papers. At last we compare and analyse the economic effects of soft microgel and polymer flooding by using EOR value and barrel oil cost as evaluation indexes, According to the incomplete statistical data, the economic effect of soft microgel deep flooding technology is better than that of polymer flooding technology.
Degradation Mechanism of Polyimide Film Irradiated by Gamma Rays
Authors: Shen Zicai , Xia Yan , Zhao Chunqing , Ding Yigang , Fan Peng , Li Jian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Co-60 radiation ground simulation test was conducted on the Mechanical property of polyimide film, thermo gravimetric and XPS was used to analyze the evolution mechanism of polyimide film in different dosages. It was found that the mechanical properties such as tensile force, tensile strength and rupture elongation of polyimide film in gamma ray radiation increase firstly and then exponent decrease. The corresponding initial decomposition temperature of the gamma ray-radiated polyimide film changed from 570°C to 590°C for weight-loss ratio of 2%. From XPS analysis, it can be found that there were rupture and crosslink of chemical bond in polyimide film. In early stage of gamma ray radiation, the rupture of C-N bond and following crosslink is for the increase of mechanical properties of polyimide film, and as the increase of radiation, the rupture of C=O and –N(CO) bond, formation of C-N bond, release of N was for the decrease of mechanical properties of polyimide films.
Effect of Various Carbon Nanotubes Contents on Surface Resistance and Thermal Degradation of Polypropylene/ Polyamide 6/Glass Fiber Composite
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Fangyi , Ai Wei , Yang Hongjun , Pan Shiling , Li Jun , Liu Hongtao 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The composite samples containing commercially available carbon nanotubes (CNTs), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 6/glass fiber composite (PA6/GF, 50%/50%) were prepared. They were (x%CNTs)/PP/(PA6/GF) (x/80/20, x% is the percentage of CNTs in the obtained composites, where x=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, respectively.). PA6/GF (50%/50%) and PP samples were also made as control. Surface resistance and thermal degradation for all the samples were measured. According to the resulting data, it is found that, with the increasing of carbon nanotubes contents, the surface resistance for the composite samples decreased, while the initial decomposition temperature increased. The result may be helpful to choose proper carbon nanotubes contents for antistatic and anti-degradation polymeric materials.
Novel Insulator Isolated Si NW Sensors Fabricated using Bulk Substrate with Low-cost and High-quality
Authors: Zhang Qingzhu , Liu Ruonan , Tu Hailing , Tang Siqi , Yan Jiang , Li Bo , Zhang Jing , Zhang Zhaohao , Wei Qianhui , Yin Huaxiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, insulator isolated Si NW array were fabricated using self-allied spacer image transfer (SIT), multi-step time division multiplexing (TDM) etching and linear oxidation processes. The insulator isolated Si NWs owe a pentagonal shape, well single crystal morphology and high nanowire quality. The fabricated Si NW array were used to fabricate insulator isolated Si NW sensors. The low-cost insulator isolated Si NW sensor fabricated from bulk silicon substrates exhibits a linearly variation of current response to the laser at this wavelength, exhibiting good repeatability and the prospect of replacing SOI materials. The proposed approach of Si NW materials and sensors fabrication realizes the high efficiency, low cost and small fluctuation of Si NW pattern and device preparation, overcoming the problems of low efficiency for e-beam lithography and the difficulty of large-scale array formation.
Optimal Layer Thickness during the Design of Carbon Fiber Composite under Bending Loading
Authors: Zhang Shijie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Carbon fiber resin composite materials are widely used in manufacturing and industrial production due to their many performances better than that of traditional materials. However, how to use the limited carbon fiber resin composite material to design the product with the excellent bearing capacity and relatively low processing cost still needs to be explored. The layer thickness is an important parameter during the design of carbon fiber composite. Large layer thickness between carbon fiber layer and resin layer could lead to poor mechanical properties. Small layer thickness could improve the bearing capacity but accompany with the high cost of production. Optimal layer thickness can balance the mechanical properties and production costs. Here, Abaqus software was employed to establish the finite element models with the same size but different number of layers, by dividing the mesh and finding the ultimate bearing capacity of each model, the relationship between the model layer and the ultimate loading force was obtained. Based on the calculated results, the optimal design scheme of carbon fiber resin composite materials was proposed.
Characterization of Hibiscus Flower as a Potential Source of Electric Supply
Authors: M.E. Emetere , E.T. Akinlabi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Deriving energy from plant has generated new technologies that are impressive. The success of harnessing energy in plants means that a global challenge has been truly solved. In this paper, the focus was to improve upon the plasmon technology in converting light to electricity such as photovoltaic. A metallic coated plant extract (MCPE) was synthesized and characterized in an unusual characterization set-up to determine the basic properties required for the plasmon technology. The MCPE was found to have band gap of 3.15 eV and possesses the basic properties of electron clouds oscillating about a mean position. This result means that the MCPE is a bio-particulate option that can replace the inorganic nanoparticles in the plasmon experiment. Further work on testing the MCPE in plasmon set-up is recommended.
Facile One-step Fabrication of Functional Cellulose Nanocrystals with High Efficiency under Microwave-ultrasound Synergy
Authors: Lu Qilin , Ran Linlin , Chen Shichao , Lu Linna , Li Lu , Li Yonggui 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The use of cellulosic biomass for the manufacture of functional cellulose nanocrystals (FCNs) in a mild and green process is limited due to the multiple hydrogen bonds between cellulose. Based on the mechanochemical mechanism, an efficient and green approach to cleave hydrogen bonds and fabricate FCNs was realized via microwave-ultrasound synergy. In the one-step process, impact force, crash force, friction, chemical action, and thermodynamic interaction combined to create synergistic effects, accelerating the cleavage of hydrogen bonds and formation of FCNs synchronously. One-step purification of FCNs was implemented after reaction for the recovery of byproducts, which was critical to cost reduction and waste liquor treatment. FCNs with high crystallinity of 80%, high charge density, and good dispersion stability were obtained. Thus, a facile versatile green avenue for the large-scale production of FCNs was achieved in the study, and is expected to carry significant benefits in terms of economy and sustainability.
Hovenia Acerba Structure of Nano-Silver Materials in the Process of Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles under Alkaline Condition
Authors: Tang Junqi , Ge Linlin , Sun Leiqing 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attracting tremendous attention in materials, nanotechnology, biomedicine and chemical sensor fields. This paper describes the hovenia acerba structure of nano-silver materials in the process of synthesis of silver nanoparticles under alkaline condition. The analysis shows that the appearance of this structure is due to the adding of ammonium hydroxide and this structure is the intermediate state of the AgNPs.
Study on the Treatment of Domestic Sewage by Lactococcus
Authors: Li Hongcui , Zhang Ming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
As a commonly probiotics, lactococcus produces a large amount of lactic acid during the growth and metabolism process, which can regulate the pH value of the environment. At the same time, lactic acid can also transform the refractory organic matter in sewage into degradable or easily degradable substances, thus accelerating the degradation rate of pollutants. The removal rate COD, TP and TN were selected as the test indexes in the experiment. The single-factor experiment was carried out first. Orthogonal experiments were carried out according to the result of single-factor experiment. Experiments showed that the optimal reaction time of COD, TP and TN removal was 54h/42h/24h, the optimal dosage was 9.00mL/4.00mL/9.00mL, the optimal pH value was 6.00/6.00/8.00, and the removal rate was 68.41%/80.04%/32.54% respectively. It can be concluded that the degradation efficiency of lactococcus on TP and COD is better, while the degradation efficiency on TN is worse.
Research on Inhibitory Effect of Green Algae of C30 Coral Aggregate Concrete Surface with Different Mortar Coatings
Authors: Song Putao , Wang Jing , Guan Qingfeng , Zhou Yongxiang , Hang Jing , Leng Faguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, maximum fluorescence value was first applied to indicate the anti-green algae properties of concrete, the lower the maximum fluorescence value, the better the anti-green algae properties of concrete. This study investigates the effect of strength grade of mortar coating and types of hydrophobic materials and admixture on the fluorescence value of C30 coral aggregate concrete. The results show that adding a certain proportion of hydrophobic material directly can reduce the maximum fluorescence value of coral aggregate concrete. Using mortar of different strength grades as concrete coating can also reduce the fluorescence value of concrete surface. The higher the strength grade of mortar is, the greater the decrease of the maximum fluorescence value will be. Using mortar mixed with hydrophobic material as coating can minimize the maximum fluorescence value of the concrete surface of coral aggregate concrete. In general, the maximum fluorescence value of M100 mortar coating with 5% of the total mass of cementitious material can be reduced to the minimum. Compared with the C30 coral aggregate concrete without hydrophobic agent, the maximum fluorescence value can be reduced by 75.4%.
Architecture Design of Intelligent Assembly System Based on Complex System
Authors: Zhang Dashun , Meng Fanjun , Wang Jing , Miao Liqin , Hu Huizhong , Li Penghui , Li Xueguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
For complex system and product, the virtual and intelligent assembly system can short the designing and manufacturing time effectively, especially for administration of life cycle of product, it can provide the digital models for different period using. In this paper, the intelligent assembly system architecture was designed which includes three-layers, application layer, data layer, and output layer. By using this intelligent assembly system the virtual assembly of complex system products is realized. Then, the framework of intelligent assembly information modelling was designed further which includes geometric information, assembly constraint information, and assembly relationship information. This assembly information model can not only express the connection between assembly parts and assembly relationships, but also provide information sources and acquisition mechanisms for assembly process planning. At last, an example of product assembly is presented which includes 3D models analysis and attribute set for simulation, the intelligent assembly function is accomplished in the end.