bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying deep learning to single-trial EEG data provides evidence for complementary theories on action control
Authors: Vahid Amirali , Mückschel Moritz , Stober Sebastian , Stock Ann-Kathrin , Beste Christian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEfficient action control is indispensable for goal-directed behaviour. Different theories have stressed the importance of either attention or response selection sub-processes for action control. Yet, it is unclear to what extent these processes can be identified in the dynamics of neurophysiological (EEG) processes at the single-trial level and be used to predict the presence of conflicts in a given moment. Applying deep learning, which was blind to cognitive theory, on single-trial EEG data allowed to predict the presence of conflict in ~95% of subjects ~33% above chance level. Neurophysiological features related to attentional and motor response selection processes in the occipital cortex and the superior frontal gyrus contributed most to prediction accuracy. Importantly, deep learning was able to identify predictive neurophysiological processes in single-trial neural dynamics. Hence, mathematical (artificial intelligence) approaches may be used to foster the validation and development of links between cognitive theory and neurophysiology of human behavior.
Experimentally testing quantum critical dynamics beyond the Kibble–Zurek mechanism
Authors: Cui Jin-Ming , Gómez-Ruiz Fernando Javier , Huang Yun-Feng , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , del Campo Adolfo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Kibble–Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the dynamics across a phase transition leading to the formation of topological defects, such as vortices in superfluids and domain walls in spin systems. Here, we experimentally probe the distribution of kink pairs in a one-dimensional quantum Ising chain driven across the paramagnet-ferromagnet quantum phase transition, using a single trapped ion as a quantum simulator in momentum space. The number of kink pairs after the transition follows a Poisson binomial distribution, in which all cumulants scale with a universal power law as a function of the quench time in which the transition is crossed. We experimentally verified this scaling for the first cumulants and report deviations due to noise-induced dephasing of the trapped ion. Our results establish that the universal character of the critical dynamics can be extended beyond KZM, which accounts for the mean kink number, to characterize the full probability distribution of topological defects.
Momentum-transfer model of valence-band photoelectron diffraction
Authors: Schönhense G. , Medjanik K. , Babenkov S. , Vasilyev D. , Ellguth M. , Fedchenko O. , Chernov S. , Schönhense B. , Elmers H.-J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractRecent instrumental progress of valence-band photoemission in the X-ray range allows uncovering bulk- and surface-related electronic properties. Four-dimensional recording of energy and momentum-vector gives access to the complete spectral-density function. Systematic measurements for a number of transition metals between 15 eV-6 keV reveal unexpected strong intensity modulations due to photoelectron diffraction. Here, we present a graphical model that illustrates the role of momentum-conservation in Fermi’s Golden-Rule in an intuitive way. Intensity enhancement or reduction by factors >5 are confined to small energy- and momentum-intervals (widths 0.03 Å−1and 200 meV). Laue-type diffraction involves the photon momentum and is intrinsic in the photoemission process, in accordance with Pendry’s final-state-model. At higher energies, Kikuchi-diffraction imprints additional modulations on valence-band-patterns and quasi-elastic background. The absence of photon-momentum transfer uncovers the extrinsic nature of Kikuchi-diffraction. For Re at 30 K and 3.4 keV the relative weight of the Kikuchi-branch is comparable to the Laue-branch, whereas at 6 keV the Kikuchi-branch prevails.
Cellular memory enhances bacterial chemotactic navigation in rugged environments
Authors: Gosztolai Adam , Barahona Mauricio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe response of microbes to external signals is mediated by biochemical networks with intrinsic time scales. These time scales give rise to a memory that impacts cellular behaviour. Here we study theoretically the role of cellular memory in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. Using an agent-based model, we show that cells with memory navigating rugged chemoattractant landscapes can enhance their drift speed by extracting information from environmental correlations. Maximal advantage is achieved when the memory is comparable to the time scale of fluctuations as perceived during swimming. We derive an analytical approximation for the drift velocity in rugged landscapes that explains the enhanced velocity, and recovers standard Keller–Segel gradient-sensing results in the limits when memory and fluctuation time scales are well separated. Our numerics also show that cellular memory can induce bet-hedging at the population level resulting in long-lived, multi-modal distributions in heterogeneous landscapes.
Le flux numérique en implantologie
Authors: Daas M. , Dada K. 
Published: March 2020

L’optimisation du résultat esthétique et fonctionnel des restaurations implantaires, la simplification des procédures cliniques et de laboratoire et lamélioration de la prévisibilité des traitements sont les principaux objectifs de l’implantologie moderne.
Cette prévisibilité est due en grande partie à l’intégration du flux numérique dans les différents étapes du traitement: analyse esthétique virtuel « Digital Smile Design », meilleure communication avec les patients, prise en compte des paramètres biologiques, esthétiques et fonctionnels, prise dempreinte optique, numérisation des modèles, planification implantaire 3D, chirurgie guidée, optimisation du profil démergence avec les piliers anatomiques personnalisés, mise en place d’une restauration implanto-portée se rapprochant le plus possible des dents naturelles absentes, en se fondant dans son environnement tout en respectant la notion de «Biomimétique». Cette démarche permet donc aujourdhui d’anticiper le résultat de nos traitements, devenus de plus en plus complexes, et d’assurer la pérennité de nos restaurations implantaires à long terme.
Le but de notre intervention est de présenter l’intégration de ces nouvelles technologies dans notre pratique quotidienne, du cas simple au plus complexe.
Densité osseuse des crêtes prémaxillaires reconstituées par apposition d’os cortical membraneux et intérêt de la chirurgie implantaire guidée
Authors: Bayet K. , Philippe B. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction : La procédure chirurgicale implantaire en présence d’os de densité hétérogène présente de réelles difficultés techniques en raison de la déviation des instruments de forage, de taraudage et d’insertion depuis l’os de densité é levée vers l’os de densité faible. L’objectif de cette communication consiste à valider la pertinence de la chirurgie guidée en présence de crêtes prémaxillaires reconstituées par apposition d’os autogène cortical membraneux en raison de l’importante différence de densité constatée entre le site receveur et le greffon.
Matériel et méthodes : Une étude rétrospective observationnelle est réalisée sur 20 scanners de cas cliniques ayant bénéficié d’appositions vestibulaires membraneuses (10 appositions d’os pariétal et 10 appositions d’os mandibulaire postérieur). L’ensemble des scanners ont été réalisés entre le 5eme et le 7eme mois post-opératoire (coupes axiales de 0,625mm espacées de 0,5mm. Scanner Low Dose GE Optima). Toutes les analyses de densité ont été réalisées à l’aide du logiciel SIMPLANT PRO 17 (Dentsplysirona).
Résultat : La densité osseuse moyenne observée au sein des greffes pariétales est de 1798,20 UH. Celle observée au sein des greffes mandibulaire postérieure est de 1956,80 UH. L’Os spongieux du site receveur maxillaire présente quant à lui une densité moyenne de 560 UH. Cette étude densitométrique confirme au prémaxillaire la différence de densité significative entre l’os greffé par apposition vestibulaire et l’os résiduel de la crête atrophiée (3.3 pour l’os pariétal et 3.4 pour l’os mandibulaire postérieur).
Discussion : Ces résultats confirment l’importante différence des densités au sein des crêtes fines reconstruites à l’aide d’os cortical membraneux. Compte-tenu des phénomènes provoqués de déviation des instruments de forage, de taraudage et d’insertion, la mise en place des implants doit être réalisée en chirurgie guidée afin d’assurer le contrôle exact de leur positionnement et de leur axe d’insertion.
Neural network based model for global Total Electron Content forecasting
Authors: Cesaroni Claudio , Spogli Luca , Aragon-Angel Angela , Fiocca Michele , Dear Varuliator , De Franceschi Giorgiana , Romano Vincenzo 
Published: March 2020

We introduce a novel empirical model to forecast, 24 h in advance, the Total Electron Content (TEC) at global scale. The technique leverages on the Global Ionospheric Map (GIM), provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS), and applies a nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NARX) to selected GIM grid points for the 24 h single-point TEC forecasting, taking into account the actual and forecasted geomagnetic conditions. To extend the forecasting at a global scale, the technique makes use of the NeQuick2 Model fed by an effective sunspot number R12 (R12eff), estimated by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) between NARX output and NeQuick2 applied at the same GIM grid points. The novel approach is able to reproduce the features of the ionosphere especially during disturbed periods. The performance of the forecasting approach is extensively tested under different geospatial conditions, against both TEC maps products by UPC (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) and independent TEC data from Jason-3 spacecraft. The testing results are very satisfactory in terms of RMSE, as it has been found to range between 3 and 5 TECu. RMSE depend on the latitude sectors, time of the day, geomagnetic conditions, and provide a statistical estimation of the accuracy of the 24-h forecasting technique even over the oceans. The validation of the forecasting during five geomagnetic storms reveals that the model performance is not deteriorated during disturbed periods. This 24-h empirical approach is currently implemented on the Ionosphere Prediction Service (IPS), a prototype platform to support different classes of GNSS users.
Perkutane ultraschallgestützte Stanzbiopsie: Vergleich von 16- und 14-Gauge-Nadel und Einfluss der koaxialen Führung bei 1065 Brustbiopsien – Eine prospektive, randomisierte klinische Nichtunterlegenheitsstudie
Authors: Gruber Ines , Oberlechner Ernst , Heck Kerstin , Hoopmann Uta , Böer Bettina , Fugunt Regina , Gall Christian , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Helms Gisela , Hoffmann Sascha M. , Ott Claudia , Röhm Carmen , Stäbler Annette , Wallwiener Diethelm , Brucker Sara Y. , Hahn Markus 
Published: March 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die ultraschallgestützte Stanzbiopsie (CNB) gilt als Standardbewertung für die Diagnose sonografisch nachweisbarer verdächtiger Brustläsionen. Basierend auf nicht randomisierten Studien, empfehlen die aktuellen deutschen Leitlinien die Biopsie von mindestens 3 Zylindern mit ≤ 14-Gauge(G)-Nadel. Es wird jedoch keine Empfehlung abgegeben, wie viele Proben bei kleinerer Nadelstärke von z. B. 16-G benötigt werden oder ob die koaxiale Führung die diagnostische Genauigkeit (Treffsicherheit) und Qualität verbessert. Daher wurde in einer prospektiven, monozentrischen, nicht verblindeten, randomisierten, kontrollierten klinischen Nichtunterlegenheitsstudie die diagnostische Genauigkeit der Stanzbiopsie mit 16-G- versus 14-G-Nadel mit und ohne Koaxialführung bewertet.
Material und Methoden 1065 Brustbiopsien wurden aufgenommen, um die Zahl der erforderlichen Stanzproben zu analysieren, um eine entsprechende diagnostische Qualität zu erhalten, die für die histologische Beurteilung ausreicht, und um eine hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit und Ausbeute zu erreichen. Die histologischen Ergebnisse wurden durch eine Operation oder eine Langzeitbeobachtung von mindestens 2 bis zu 5 Jahren bestätigt.
Ergebnisse Um eine additive diagnostische Genauigkeit von > 99 % zu erreichen, waren mindestens 2 Zylinder mit 14-G-Biopsie erforderlich. Die diagnostische Genauigkeit und die Qualität der 14-G-Biopsie wurden durch die koaxiale Technik nicht beeinträchtigt. Bei der Durchführung einer 16-G-Biopsie waren 5 Zylinder erforderlich, um eine additive diagnostische Genauigkeit von > 99 % zu erreichen. Ohne koaxiale Führung benötigte die CNB mit 16-G mindestens 3 Proben, während 5 Nadelpassagen mit koaxialer 16-G-Biopsie erforderlich waren.
Schlussfolgerung Die diagnostische Genauigkeit und die Qualität der ultraschallgeführten Stanzbiopsie waren unabhängig vom Einsatz einer koaxialen Technik mit der 16-G-Nadel geringer als mit der 14-G-Nadel.
Post Circumcision Intraperitoneal Rupture of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Complication
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Sherif , Albishbishy Mohammed , Elayyouti Mostafa , Zohiri Mohamed , Elsaied Adham 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCircumcision is one of the most common pediatric surgical procedures performed all over the world and especially in Arab and Islamic countries. Many complications have been documented following this maneuver. We report on a rare case of intraperitoneal bladder rupture in a 7-day-old baby who was circumcised on his second day using the guillotine method. He presented to us with gangrene of the tip of the penis and a failure to void urine associated with progressive abdominal distension. Ultrasound revealed severe ascites. Aspiration and analysis confirmed the fluid to be urine. Ascending cystourethrogram was performed revealing a perforation of the posterior bladder wall near the trigone. Exploration was performed and repair done. Postoperative course was uneventful.
Cesarean Section for Placenta Previa and Placenta Previa Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Takeda Satoru , Takeda Jun , Makino Shintaro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccording to the increase in the rate of cesarean section and the increase of high-aged pregnancy, we seem to more often encounter cases with placenta previa and placenta previa accrete spectrum. There are concerns about these cases, such as difficulty in controlling bleeding from the separation surface of placenta previa, the need for hysterectomy as a life-saving procedure, systemic management and hemostasis during massive hemorrhage, and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). These cases are most frequently associated with cesarean hysterectomy.
Factors Influencing Graft Function following MPFL Reconstruction: A Dynamic Simulation Study
Authors: Tanaka Miho J. , Cosgarea Andrew J. , Forman Jared M. , Elias John J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMedial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is currently the primary surgical procedure for treating recurrent lateral patellar instability. The understanding of graft function has largely been based on studies performed with normal knees. The current study was performed to characterize graft function following MPFL reconstruction, focusing on the influence of pathologic anatomy on graft tension, variations with knee flexion, and the influence on patellar tracking. Knee squatting was simulated with 15 multibody dynamic simulation models representing knees being treated for recurrent lateral patellar instability. Squatting was simulated in a preoperative condition and following MPFL reconstruction with a hamstrings tendon graft set to allow 0.5 quadrants of lateral patellar translation with the knee at 30 degrees of flexion. Linear regressions were performed to relate maximum tension in the graft to parameters of knee anatomy. Repeated measures comparisons evaluated variations in patellar tracking at 5-degree increments of knee flexion. Maximum graft tension was significantly correlated with a parameter characterizing lateral position of the tibial tuberosity (maximum lateral tibial tuberosity to posterior cruciate ligament attachment distance, r
2 = 0.73, p < 0.001). No significant correlations were identified for parameters related to trochlear dysplasia (lateral trochlear inclination) or patella alta (Caton–Deschamps index and patellotrochlear index). Graft tension peaked at low flexion angles and was minimal by 30 degrees of flexion. MPFL reconstruction decreased lateral patellar shift (bisect offset index) compared with preoperative tracking at all flexion angles from 0 to 50 degrees of flexion, except 45 degrees. At 0 degrees, the average bisect offset index decreased from 0.81 for the preoperative condition to 0.71. The results indicate that tension within an MPFL graft increases with the lateral position of the tibial tuberosity. The graft tension peaks at low flexion angles and decreases lateral patellar maltracking. The factors that influence graft function following MPFL reconstruction need to be understood to limit patellar maltracking without overloading the graft or over constraining the patella.
Evolution of Surgical Management of Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Bitner Daniel , Gunasekaran Ganesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe treatment of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has progressed markedly in the past decades. Main contributions stem from improvement in surgical approach and applications of chemotherapy. The availability of several perioperative and surgical techniques, including portal vein embolization, ablation techniques, and two-stage hepatectomies, has expanded surgical indications. In addition, preoperative imaging methods have contributed to these advances.In patients with high oncological risk of recurrence, or initially unresectable CRLM, highly individualized treatment regimens are becoming more widely utilized. These patients should be evaluated for surgical resection after several cycles of chemotherapy given the survival benefit afforded by liver resection for CRLM. Several biomarkers, including RAS mutation, BRAF mutation, and microsatellite stability, have become essential in guiding therapy. Immunotherapy has recently been highlighted, especially for cases of microsatellite instability. Looking forward, biomarkers will likely to continue to guide individualized treatment patterns.Liver transplantation as an option for patients with unresectable CRLM may boast comparable outcomes to patients with primary liver tumors, but it remains controversial considering the limited supply of donor livers.Management of CRLM requires the complex decision making process common to contemporary tumor board discussions, and a multidisciplinary approach likely figures into future directions of management for CRLM.
Language, Script, and Advertising in India’s Hindi Belt: Institutional Voices in Flux
Authors: LaDousa Chaise 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCertain combinations of languages and scripts have come to take on indexical properties within the world of advertising in northern India. Such properties are regimented by what is on offer—commercial items, government services and information, schooling, and coaching services. An exploration of changing conventions in advertising since the 1990s, a period of accelerated liberalization in India, reveals that there have been especially dramatic changes in education and coaching services. By considering combinations of language and script as partly constitutive of the voice of an institution, this article accounts for the changing possibilities for the articulation of institutional distinctions and the ways institutional voices commoditize aspects of personae during the last twenty-five years or so in northern India.
Putting Our Scripts in Their Mouths: Orthography, Semiotic Ideologies, and the Embodied Publics of Name Changes in Eastern India
Authors: Martineau Katherine B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis is a case study of an official orthographic change in eastern India, which I approach as a debate about semiotic ideologies. In 2012, an Indian constitutional amendment changed the names of one of India’s eastern states, Odisha, and its state language, Odia, in Devanagari and Roman scripts. Building on recent studies of multilingual and multiscriptal orthographies on public signs, I examine official parliamentary and popular media arguments about the orthographic correspondences between Odia, English, and Hindi names for the state and its language. As the debaters propose contrasting models of official naming and justify them, they build on different orientations to the material embodiments of linguistic signs. These different assumptions also support contrasting social imaginaries of Odisha in relationship to the nation. This article proposes that orientations to the body and embodiment can be an important component of the semiotic ideologies of orthography.
The progression of thermodynamic anomalies in MX2 networks with local tetrahedral geometries
Authors: Fijan Domagoj , Wilson Mark 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Key thermodynamic anomalies in density and compressibility, as well as the related stability limits, are determined using an ionic model for BeF2 which includes many-body polarization terms. BeF2 is chosen as an example of an archetypal network-forming system whose structure can be rationalised in terms of connected local tetrahedral coordination polyhedra. The anion dipole polarizability (which effectively controls the bond angles linking neighbouring tetrahedra) is used as a single free parameter in order to help rationalise the changes in the anomaly locations in phase space, whilst all other potential parameters remain fixed. The anomalies and stability limits systematically shift to lower temperature and higher pressure as the anion polarizability is increased. At high dipole polarizabilities the temperature of maximum density anomaly locus becomes suppressed into the supercooled regime of the phase space. The movements of the anomaly loci are analysed in terms of the network structure and the correlation with the inter-tetrahedral bond angles is considered. The high sensitivity of the anomalies to the details of the potential models applied is discussed with reference to previous works on related systems. The relationship to analogous studies on Stillinger–Weber liquids is discussed.