bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion study of pipeline material for seabed sediment in tropical climate
Authors: Budiea A M A , Yahaya N , Noor N M , Abdullah A H , Ibrahim M H W , Suratkon A , Muthusamy K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Corrosive environments such as marine sediments can cause corrosion to steel pipelines at any time when certain conditions are met. Seabed sediment could cause severe corrosion damage due to its corrosiveness to the pipelines buried under it. Many consequences could take place in case if there is incident in oil/gas pipelines. Successfully identifying elements of corrosion in marine sediment would enhance the future of steel structure protection and monitoring systems. This article focuses on the behaviour of corrosion rate of steel located near shore environment and the aim is to determine the effect of sediment on corrosion of steel. To investigate that, simulated near shore sediment conditions have been used where the steel coupons buried in sediments which have different characteristics. Weight loss technique has been implemented to determine the weight loss rate of the steel specimens. Based on the results of this study, metal weight loss increases as the duration of exposure to seabed sediment environment become longer. The sea sediment simulated condition has given significant levels of corrosion. Conclusively, the corrosion rate of steel in seabed sediment located in tropical region is complicated and further studies are suggested.
Removal of ammonia by palm oil clinker (POC) as submerged fixed media in sequence batch reactor (SBR) mode
Authors: Chew Y Z , Yap Z K , Kutty S R M , Ghaleb A A S , Almahbashi N M Y 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Currently, utilization of waste by-products or waste materials have received attention globally as it brings significant economic and environmental impacts. In this study, palm oil clinker (POC) which is one of the waste by-products generated in the processing of palm oil was utilized as submerged fixed media in Sequence Batch Reactor (SBR). By using POC as filter media for wastewater treatment, it is able to extend the useful life of POC and reduce the demand manufacturing new media. SBR is a fill-and-draw type reactor system which allow all activated sludge process to occur over a series of time in a single complete-mix reactor. During the operational steps of SBR, the combined attached growth/activated sludge system will promote the growth microorganism that attached on the media in the activated sludge process to remove pollutants such as organic matters and nutrients passes through the media. Laboratory-scale of two Sequence Batch Reactors (SBR) was fabricated with one of the reactors filled up with POC submerged fixed media. Influent of domestic wastewater from Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP) ‘s Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) was adopted for wastewater treatment. Based on the result obtained, SBR reactor with POC submerged fixed media has higher ammonia removal efficiency, which approximately 90% than the SBR reactor without POC submerged fixed media, which approximately 85%.
Utilization of coal fly ash in the adsorptive removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater
Authors: Pitawala L M S D , Wijeyawardana H M P , Nanayakkara K G N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
75% of the global production of fly ash (FA) totalling 562 million metric tonnes becomes solid waste causing major environmental and economic havoc. In this research, a comparative study was conducted on the utilization of raw and chemically modified FA adsorbents in the removal of fluoride (F−) from contaminated water. The modification was done by using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2). Characterization of the adsorbents was done by using SEM-EDX analysis, specific surface area (SS) and pH of zero point charge (pHzpc). The characterisation confirmed that the modification process removed the impurities in FA and improved the SS. However, the shift of pHzpc from 10.71 to 4.94 was unfavourable for the F− removal due to the reduction in the pH range in which the adsorbents surface charge is positive. Adsorption studies indicated that raw adsorbent is more effective than the modified adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained at the optimum conditions (pH = 2; contact time = 120 minutes; dosage =2.0 g/L) was 3.64 mg/g and at neutral pH it was 1.0 mg/g. In conclusion, raw FA adsorbent can be used as a low-cost adsorbent material to remove F− from contaminated water.
Stabilisation of Sohar’s Sabkha soil using waste gypsum plasterboard
Authors: Al-Alawi Hilal S. , Ganiyu Abideen A. , Badr Atef 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sabkha soil are salt-encrusted desert flats typically found in arid regions. Construction developments on naturally occurring Sabkha soils are usually problematic. This study examines the properties of Sabkha soil obtained from Sohar city of Oman. The Sabkha soil samples were further treated with Gypsum obtained from waste plasterboards at varying percentages of 3, 6, 9 and 12 with a view to stabilising the soil. From the results, Sohar Sabkha soil is a poorly graded sand (SP) with AASHTO classification of A-2-7(0), therefore, it is unsuitable for supporting infrastructures in its natural form. The pH test confirms the reaction between Sabkha and Gypsum, while both the compaction and unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests revealed the optimum percentage of gypsum required to enhance the properties of Sabkha soil to be 6%. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test yielded a 33.3% increase in CBR value for Sabkha treated with 6% of Gypsum over untreated Sabkha. Overall, a better understanding of sabkha soil and the confirmation of the potential use of Gypsum for its stabilisation was achieved in this study.
Review on the application of distributed optical fibre sensing in slope monitoring
Authors: Ahmad Izwan Shah , Kassim Azman , Mohamad Hisham 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The catastrophic event of slope failure which leads to the destruction of surrounding facilities and the loss of public lives has been acknowledge to be one of the most discussed topics in geotechnical engineering. Many conventional and modern techniques have been developed by researchers throughout the years to come out with a technique that is effective in monitoring slope deformation and thus, control the damage that may be caused by slope failure. Recently, the application of optical fibre sensing (OFS) has gained wide attention among researchers in slope monitoring application. It is known that OFS carries many advantages in terms of high resistivity towards electromagnetic interference, wide sensing range, and easy installation. This paper presents the overview of the recent development and application of OFS application in slope monitoring. Two main types of OFS namely Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Distributed Optical Fibre Sensing (DOFS) which consists of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) and Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analaysis (BOTDA) are discussed in detail.
Green construction capability for environmental sustainability performance: an empirical study on construction sector in Indonesia
Authors: Ariff R , Sharif S , Yahya K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper reports on the findings on the relationship between green construction capability (GCC) and environmental sustainability performance (ESP). Accordingly, many ESP issues have several impacts on green construction, these include waste reduction and ecology. In a business world, there is a positive trend among construction sector to start reporting over GCC keeping their role as ESP alive. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed respective stakeholders to gather data from employees of construction industry. In order to analyse the collected data, regression analysis and correlation coefficient were employed to check the hypotheses. Statistical package mainly used for social science studies has been used for the data analysis. Results revealed that there is a direct positive relationship between GCC and ESP. The three aspects of GCC, i.e., material, machine and labour also have significant association with ESP. ESP carries with itself sensational openings for the construction management role and with the opportunity that originates responsibility. This study emphasizes the revised planning of risk and causes root to create awareness among employees and strategies to improve ESP and environmental performance level of companies in the competitive world. This research carries a new horizon to explore the association of GCC with ESP in construction sector. The study presents first-ever empirical evidence about the relationship between ESP and GCC from developing countries.
Time-dependent rheological behavior of cement-sand injection grout containing high volume fly ash
Authors: Balakrishnan B , Khalid N H A , Ismail M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Grouting technology is playing an increasingly important role in construction engineering. Various types of grout are available but cement slurry grouts are often selected for injection works due to better workability. Meanwhile, in repair works, cement-sand grout often preferred as the fine aggregates gives better volume stability for large repair area. However, theoretical research on the use of waste material to improve the rheological properties of cement-sand grout is still lacking. For grouts, rheology is a factor of prime importance to the transport, injection and pumping of the material. Cement-sand grouts often have poorer fluidity due to friction created by the sand. Since grouts typically contain cement, therefore fly ash can be a good option to improve the workability of the grout. This paper studies time dependent behaviour of the grout by measuring the flow times and viscosity of cement-sand grout containing high volume fly (HVFA) up to 1 hour from the time of mixing. The result indicates that replacement of HVFA reduces the flow time of the grout and maintained good fluidity up to 1 hour. The viscosity test showed that the grouts, at fresh state, behaved like a Bingham fluid by exhibiting lower viscosities for the mixtures containing fly ash at 0, 60 and 120 minutes. In conclusion, the use of large quantities of fly ash in grouts significantly enhances fluidity of the cement-sand grouts. Methodology comparison also resulted in new knowledge for best method flow test for fly ash grout.
Eggshell as the partial replacement of Portland cement in the production of concrete
Authors: Ishak Mohd Yunus , Zamani Muhammad Nazrif 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The population rate in Malaysia is increasing thus contributing to more undesirable wastes pollute the environment and the development in Malaysia flourishes rapidly. Consequently, the requirement of concrete is escalating thus maximizing the production of Portland cement. Such production liberates more carbon dioxide and causes air pollution. This study investigates the use of poultry waste in concrete production by replacing eggshell powder with Portland cement. Eggshell is identified rich in calcium similar to what cement has as it mainly contains 93.70% calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Chicken eggshells are collected, cleaned, dried, grinded and sieved until the desired 90 µm size. 4 different batches are prepared by substituting 10-30% of eggshell powder with Portland cement in order to determine the suitability of eggshell powder as the partial replacement by investigating both workability and mechanical properties of eggshell blended batches via slump test and 3 destructive tests respectively. Consequently, the workability experiences reduction in the range of 30-70% whereas the results of all 3 destructive tests decrease in the range of 13-48% as the amount of eggshell powder increases. To conclude, eggshell powder is unsuitable for projects that require high strength concrete but may be suitable for projects that require less strength concrete.
Eco-efficient concrete containing recycled ceramic wastes aggregate
Authors: Peter D M , Awang A Z , Sam A R M , Ma C K , Loo P 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe construction industry is in search of cleaner and greener alternatives for materials in concrete. The main objective of this study was to determine the properties of concrete using recycled ceramic waste aggregates (CWA). In this study, natural fine and coarse aggregates were partially substituted as ceramic waste aggregate in the range of 25%, 50% and 75%. Fifty-four cubes and twenty-one cylinders were prepared and tested to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. The compressive strength of concrete specimens containing 50% recycled ceramic fine aggregates (CFA) and 75% recycled ceramic coarse aggregates (CCA) is greater than the conventional concrete. However, the modulus of elasticity decreased with increased recycled aggregate content. The aggregates replacement decreases the concrete density but satisfying the desired compressive strength of concrete. The results made it possible to adopt ceramic tile waste as recycled aggregate materials to promote sustainable development in the production of concrete.
Hardened properties of concrete with different proportion of crumb rubber and fly ash
Authors: Najmi A M , Mariyana A K , Shek P N , Nurizaty Z 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The utilisation of waste materials in concrete is one of the sustainable construction approaches introduced in the industry that can indirectly reduce the environmental issues arisen from the disposal problem of the wastes. The aim of this study is to investigate the hardened properties of rubberised pozzolanic concrete (RuPC) with different proportion of crumb rubber and fly ash as partial fine aggregate and ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement, respectively. The crumb rubber content replacing fine aggregate is in the range of 0% to 20% while fly ash replacing cement ranges from 0% to 30%. Testing of RuPC with different percentage of crumb rubber and fly ash were performed at the age of 28 days for density, compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength, and were compared with properties of control specimens. Results showed that the density of RuPC decrease with increase in crumb rubber and fly ash content. The overall strength of RuPC decrease as crumb rubber content increase in which 5% crumb rubber show the least reduction in strength. Replacing 10% cement with fly ash shows improvement in the strength of RuPC when compared to specimens without fly ash, however still lower than strength of control specimen. The optimum crumb rubber replacement is 5% while fly ash is 10% to avoid significant reduction in strength.
Tensile and shear strength of four species of bamboo in Malaysia
Authors: Awalluddin D , Ariffin M A M , Zamri N F , Ahmad Y , Ibrahim I S , Osman M H , Lee H S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As one of the fastest growing plants on earth, bamboo has a lot of species that range in size from a few centimeters to many meters tall. Bamboo is a unique plant where it can reach their full height up to 30m in a period of 2 to 4 months. Even though bamboo has been used traditionally as a construction material for thousands of years, there are not many studies about the mechanical properties of the bamboo itself. Thus, this paper presents an investigation on tensile and shear strength of four species treated bamboos that are available in Malaysia, which include Bambusa Vulgaris, Dendrocalamus Asper, Gigantochloa Scortechinii and Shizostachyum Grande. All the test was conducted according to the International Standard Organization (ISO-22157-2004). From the test result, Bambusa Vulgaris and Dendrocalamus Asper possess high tensile strength, meanwhile, Gigantochloa Scortechinii shows the highest value of shear strength compared with other species. Moreover, the test result also shows that Shizostachyum Grande possesses the lowest tensile and shear strength. Thus, with the available data on bamboo properties, structural engineers should take the advantages of bamboo to be used as a construction material in modern design buildings.
Alkali-activated binder as stabilizer in compressed earth blocks
Authors: Ongpeng J , Gapuz E , Andres J J S , Prudencio D , Cuadlisan J , Tadina M , Zacarias A , Benauro D , Pabustan A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Compressed earth blocks (CEB) has number of advantages: cost and energy efficient, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and fireproof. It is composed of available compressed soil near project site with binders as stabilizers. From literature, adding ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as stabilizer is practiced. However, the use of OPC produces high carbon footprint in its production phase. This paper aims to use Alkali-activated (AA) binder as stabilizer for the CEB to promote sustainable construction. It uses a combination of fly ash (FA) mixed with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to produce the stabilizer. Compressive strength and water absorption using AA binder as stabilizer in CEB are investigated. Total of fifty-two CEBs with dimensions of 295mm x140mm x100mm are made as an alternative to conventional concrete hollow blocks with a minimum value of 2.50MPa compressive strength from the provision of Philippine National Standard (PNS). The AA binder ratio of 5% and 15% produced compressive strength of 0.42MPa and 2.92MPa, respectively. Additionally, AA binder ratio of 10% produced lowest percentages of water absorption at 12.83%. It shows that the use of CEB with AA binders is possible in achieving sustainable construction building materials.
Influence of marine kaolin mortar mixed with effective microorganism on external heat transfer
Authors: Yusop F A , Mohamed A , Nor H M , Sam A R M , Khalid N H A , Ibrahim W Y W , Ismail A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Marine kaolin can be found easily at the coastal regions in Malaysia. During infrastructure works, huge quantities were excavated and is treated as unsuitable soil material (USM). This study offers a value-added solution to convert marine kaolin into supplementary cementitious material (SCM) through thermal activation. 10% replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement is incorporated together with Effective Microorganism (EM) into the mortar mix. The usage of EM between 5% and 25% with interval of 5% were manipulated to enhance the properties of the mortar mix. The intention of incorporating both marine kaolin and EM as mortar mix was to observe the significant effects on heat transfer. As a result, the surface temperature of the mortar mix was reduced up to 8% and the thermal conductivity shows appropriate insulating materials.
Challenges of implementing green procurement in public construction projects in Malaysia
Authors: Alqadami Ahmed , Zawawi Noor Amila , Rahmawati Yani , Alaloul Wesam 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although the concept of green procurement is increasingly debated as environmental policy instrument that considers the impact of procurement as well as the purchasing process for the sustainability of project development. However, the concept in Malaysia is still in its infancy and facing various barriers and challenges to make a paradigm shift towards greener approach. Therefore, this paper tends to determine the challenges that hinder the green procurement implementation. In addition, this study aims to develop a roadmap for implementing green procurement in building and infrastructure projects. This could pave the road to establish a transformation plan that could gradually overcome the current challenges in order to reach to the holistic level. The study is based on a survey conducted in Malaysian organizations at which 100 organizations were surveyed to determine their perspective on 40 pre-determined challenges. A number of 89 questionnaires were returned and 76 were valid responses. Results revealed that an excellent consistency on the significance of the current challenges. These are mainly due to the higher upfront cost associated with eco-products and services, gap existence between policy formulation and actual project delivery, lack of legislation to introduce mandatory influence for green adoption.
Application of circular economy in the Indonesia construction industry
Authors: Wahyu Adi Tri Joko , Wibowo Panji 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Circular Economy (CE) is a concept that aims to keep the value of products, materials, and resources economically as long as possible while minimizing the waste produced. The CE concept is adapted from the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). The construction industry is one of the largest waste-producing industries. In fact, 30% of the waste in landfills is construction waste. This study aims to identify and analyze the application of circular economy in the construction industry in Indonesia. There are two main stages in this study. The first stage was to identify construction practitioners’ awareness of the circular economy. The second stage is to document the implementation of 3R on various types of construction projects such as building, road, and bridge projects. The questionnaire was used to collect data. Around 120 project managers of medium to large scale construction companies in Indonesia were used as respondents. Important Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to represent construction practitioner awareness of CE. The results show that most construction practitioners in Indonesia have understood the importance of construction waste treatment in the context of a circular economy. However, only a few construction companies that seriously take care of construction waste treatment. Most construction waste is only released to the landfill area through the third parties. Only about 36% of contractor reused and recycled waste is in the construction site.
The perception and challenges of construction stakeholder towards emissions reduction in Malaysia
Authors: Mustaffa N K , Mat Isa C M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The increase of global carbon emissions has become an important global issue worldwide including, Malaysia. The construction industry is a large contributor to global emissions despite its efforts of becoming more aligned with sustainability practices. Malaysia has announced a commitment to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by delineating the number of measures and targets. However, this commitment has not been greeted with much optimism by all the key players which are believed to be related to the lack of incentives and regulatory procedures to guide into sustainable building construction. In response to this need, this study aims to examine the perception and awareness of construction stakeholder towards emission reduction in construction. Specifically, the research aims to achieve the following objectives; 1) to examine the perception and awareness of construction stakeholder towards emissions reduction in construction, and 2) to identify the challenges that have been faced by construction stakeholder in implementing emissions reduction strategies. In order to achieve the objectives, the questionnaires and interviews have been conducted to 37 construction companies in Selangor. A statistical analysis by using descriptive analysis of relative index and SPSS program is carried out to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that the majority of the company appear not to monitor emissions in construction site and most of them have a little information about the emissions reduction policy program. The implication of this research lies in providing insight on the strategies and challenges that have been faced by construction stakeholder towards emissions reduction which will help the policy maker in developing an efficient policy, guidelines and regulatory framework of construction emissions reduction schemes.